Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Review on: Livestock Production and Global Climate Change

Livestock productions are changing rapidly in response to a variety of drivers as human population is expected to increase from around 6.5 billion today to 9.2 billion by 2050. This paper reviews on livestock production and global climate change. The effect of climate on animal production is categorized in to four ways: (a) the impact of changes in livestock feed availability and price; (b) impacts on livestock pastures and forage crop production and quality; (c) changes in the distribution of livestock diseases and pests; and (d) the direct effects of weather and extreme events on animal health, growth and reproduction. Livestock and livestock-related activities such as deforestation and increasingly fuel-intensive farming practices are responsible for over 18% of human-made greenhouse gas emissions, including: 9% of global carbon dioxide emissions, 35-40% of global methane emissions (chiefly due to enteric fermentation and manure), 64% of global nitrous oxide emissions (chiefly due to fertilizer use). Keywords : impact, livestock production, climate change
Neural monitoring in transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy

Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy (TOET) is now a common procedure worldwide. Although prospective data for the use of intraoperative neural monitoring (IONM) in TOET are still limited, the literature agree that IONM should be routinely used in TOET because it helps to elucidate the mechanism of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury and helps to avoid further nerve injury. However, specialized training is needed for effective use of IONM in TOET. The surgeon and anesthesiologist must work as a team and must have knowledge and experience in the standard procedures, equipment, trouble-shooting algorithms, and limitations of IONM. Specifically, IONM should be used in TOET only if the surgeon has adequate nerve monitoring experience, and guidelines for IONM must be modified for use in TOET. Without proper troubleshooting algorithms, IONM can be burdensome and even dangerous. Nevertheless, applications of IONM have great potential for further development. As its limitations are addressed, IONM is expected to contribute to increased safety of TOET.
دور الإدارة المدرسية في تحقيق العدالة الاجتماعية لطلبة مدارس المرحلة الأساسية الحكومية في محافظة المفرق من وجهة نظر المعلمين = The School Administration Role about Achieving Social Justice for Primary School Students of Mafraq Governorate

:صخلملا تظفاحه ٍف تُهىكحلا تُصاصلأا تلحشولا سساذه تبلطل تُعاوخحلاا تلاذعلا كُمحح ٍف تُصسذولا ةسادلإا سود يع فشكلا تصاسذلا جفذه جهٌولا تصاسذلا جعبحا ازل ؛قشفولا ( نهدذعو سساذولا ٍولعه عُوح يه تصاسذلا عوخخه ىىكحو ،ٍفصىلا ٍحضولا 0582 ،تولعهو اولعه ) ( يه تصاسذلا تٌُع جًىكحو 338 ةسادلإا سود ساُمل ةادأ تًابخصلاا جهذخخصاو ،تطُضبلا تُئاىشعلا تمَشطلاب نهساُخخا نح تًولعهو اًولعه ) ابلا مال تُعاوخحلاا تلاذعلا كُمحح ٍف تُصسذولا يه جًىكحو تصاسذلا ثاشُغخوب تطبحشولا دىحبلاو ٌشظٌلا بدلأا ًلإ اًداٌخصا اهشَىطخب ذح ( 30 ثاطصىخولل اعفحشه ىاك تُعاوخحلاا تلاذعلا كُمحح ٍف تُصسذولا ةسادلإا سود ءادأ ىأ تصاسذلا جئاخً ثشهظأو ،تُئاهٌلا اهحسىص ٍف ) فاصًلإا ذعب ءاٌثخصاب تصاسذلا داعبأ عُوخل تُباضحلا تُصسذولا ةسادلإا سوذل تُئاصحإ تللاد ثار قوشف ناٌه يكح نلو ،اطصىخه ىاك ةاواضولاو ( تللاذلا يىخضه ذٌع شٌخلا شُغخول يزعح تُعاوخحلاا تلاذعلا كُمحح ٍف 2028 ≥ α ةسادلإا سوذل تُئاصحإ تللاد ثار الوشف ناٌه ىاك اوٌُبو ،) شُغخول يزعح تُعاوخحلاا تلاذعلا كُمحح ٍف تُصسذولا ( تللاذلا يىخضه ذٌع ةشبخلاو ٍولعلا لهؤولا ٌ 2028 ≥ α ،تصاسذلا داعبأ عُوح ًلع ) . يُولعولا يُب تُعاوخحلاا تلاذعلا كُمحح ًلع نهحسذمول ةشبخلا ٌور يه سساذولا ٌشَذه يُُعخب تصاسذلا جصوأو
Blood urea nitrogen as a predictor of mortality in myocardial infarction

INTRODUCTION Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels are routine laboratory tests for evaluating renal function. Renal dysfunction has been related to worse prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between admission blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels with in-hospital mortality in acute myocardial infarction patients. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed using secondary data of 80 acute myocardial infarction patients hospitalized in Intensive Cardiac Care Unit of dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, from June 2010 to July 2011. Admission blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels were analyzed with Mann Whitney and Chi-Square tests. RESULTS Mortality risk in the patients with blood urea nitrogen levels >50 mg/dL was 3.58 higher compared with those with blood urea nitrogen levels 1.1 mg/dL was 3.0-fold higher compared to patients with creatinine levels <1.1 mg/dL [OR=3.00; 95% confidence interval (CI) =1.13-7.92, p=0.024]. Multiple logistic regression showed blood urea nitrogen to be a better predictor of mortality than creatinine (OR= 3.583, p=0.016 vs OR 1.844, p=0.317). CONCLUSIONS Patients with high levels of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine had higher mortality risks than patients with normal levels. Blood urea nitrogen was a better predictor of mortality than creatinine.
Architecture of three-dimensional knowledges in the discipline of leadership

In this paper we present two related results. The first is a model of personal knowledge which is based on the number of dots the person can see, and thus the dimensions of knowledge. E.g. one dot indicates dimensionless knowledge, two dots indicate one-dimensional knowledge, then the three dots for two-dimensional knowledge, and the highest knowledge level is the three-dimensional knowledge indicated by four dots. Based on qualitative examination of this model we determine which part of deliverable knowledge is appropriate for e-learning at the different knowledge levels of the teacher. The second result builds on this one; it is architecture of three dimensional knowledges in the discipline of leadership, particularly it covers the part appropriate for e-learning. To present this second result we use our next generation knowledge visualization tool, Knowledge Galaxy (http://www.knowledgegalaxy.com/).
SNMPFS SNMPFS SMB NTFS Virtual File System APP APP APP APP APP APP

The intensive operation of constantly growing, heterogeneous networks is a challenging task. Besides the increase in size and complexity, data networks have become a critical factor for the success of many organizations. During the last decade, many network management architectures where developed and standardized, aiming at the definition of an open environment to control and optimize its operation. Many of these architectures use specific protocols and specialized tools, to allow remote monitoring and configuration of network equipment and computational platforms. One of the best well known paradigms of human-computer interaction is the file concept and the associated file system. Files have been around since early days in the personal computer industry and users are perfectly comfortable associating the work produced in applications to be stored in medium. In this paper we propose a file system interface to network management information, allowing users to open, edit and visualize network and systems operation information.
Nanoscale mechanical contacts probed with ultrashort acoustic and thermal waves

Using an ultrafast optical technique we measure coherent phonon-pulse reflection from---and heat flow across---a mechanical contact of nanoscale thickness between a thin metal film and a spherical dielectric indenter. Picosecond phonon wave packets at $\ensuremath{\sim}50\text{ }\text{GHz}$ returning from this interface probe the pressure distribution, the contact area, and the indentation profile to subnanometer resolution, revealing the film deformation in situ. These measurements and simultaneous thermal-wave imaging at $\ensuremath{\gtrsim}1\text{ }\text{MHz}$ are consistent with significant enhancement of phonon transport across the near-contact nanogap.
A note on the concept of obfuscation

In this paper we address the issue of defining security of program obfuscation. We argue that requirements to obfuscated programs may be different and are dependent on potential applications. Therefore three distinct models are suggested for studying the issues of obfuscation, namely obfuscation for software protection, total obfuscation and constant hiding. We also introduce a definition of weak obfuscation based on “grey-box” paradigm and show this weak form of obfuscation to be impossible.
Nitric Oxide Synthase in Heart and Thoracic Aorta After Liver Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury : An Experimental Study in Rats

In 1992 nitric oxide (NO) was declared molecule of the year by Science magazine, and ever since research on this molecule continues to increase. Following this award, NO was shown to be a mediator/protector of ischemia and reperfusion injury in many organs, such as the heart, liver, lungs, and kidneys. Controversy has existed concerning the actual protective effects of NO. However, literature from the past 15 years seems to reinforce the consensus that NO is indeed protective. Some of the protective actions of NO in ischemia and reperfusion are due to its potential as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, along with its beneficial effects on cell signaling and inhibition of nuclear proteins, such as NF-κ B and AP-1. New therapeutic potentials for this drug are also continuously emerging. Exogenous NO and endogenous NO may both play protective roles during ischemia and reperfusion injury. Sodium nitroprusside and nitroglycerin have been used clinically with much success; though only recently have they been tested and proven effective in attenuating some of the injuries associated with ischemia and reperfusion. NO inhalation has, in the past, mostly been used for its pulmonary effects, but has also recently been shown to be protective in other organs. The potential of NO in the treatment of ischemic disease is only just being realized. Elucidation of the mechanism by which NO exerts its protective effects needs further investigation. Therefore, this paper will focus on the mechanistic actions of NO in ischemia and reperfusion injury, along with the compound’s potential therapeutic benefits.
The Acquisition of Syntax: A Nativist Perspective vs. A Cognitivist Perspective

This paper looks into how two main frameworks view the acquisition of syntax. These are the nativist approach which claims that language is acquired because human beings are equipped with a language acquisition device in the form of grammatical knowledge, and the cognitivist approach which views language like the other cognitive skills and so claims that we acquire language using general cognitive mechanisms that are not specific to language. The paper reviews a number of studies that report on the acquisition of various aspects of the syntax of natural language; the studies are from both frameworks. The paper then evaluates the claims of the reviewed studies in light of the respective findings, as well as in light of how the findings may be interpreted by the other framework. The paper also presents an analysis of the argumentation techniques that the respective authors use, as well as of how effective they are. It concludes with a proposal for a line of research which is based on research techniques and findings in second language acquisition.
Cues, concessions, and inheritance: dominance hierarchies in the paper wasp Polistes dominulus

Hierarchies constitute the base of many social groups. Hence, understanding how they are established is critical. Here we examine how hierarchies are formed in foundresses associations of the common paper wasp Polistes dominulus. By comparing field data with computer simulations, we evaluate order of arrival at the nest, body size, facial color patterns, and within-group kinship structure as determinants of inheritance rank. Hierarchies (ranks 1--5) were experimentally inferred for 53 nests. Overall, the order in which foundresses arrived at the nest and their body size were not significantly correlated with rank. A foundress's rank was negatively correlated with the number of full sisters it had in its group. Highly ranked wasps (ranks 1 and 2) were less likely to share a nest with their full sisters than wasps of lower rank. A wasp's rank was not determined by the relative rank of its nest-mate sisters. A foundress's rank was significantly correlated with the size of its black clypeal marks, but the number of foundresses with clypeal marks in each nest was small. On 15 of 20 nests where wasps with marks were present, only 1 wasp had such marks. Overall, our results suggest that within-group relatedness structure is important in the establishment of dominance hierarchies in P. dominulus foundress associations. Copyright 2009, Oxford University Press.
An investigation of using palm biodiesel blend on the performance of a stationary marine diesel engine

Most of marine vehicles use petroleum based fuel as the source of energy in their daily operations. However, volatile oil price and concerns over depletion of petroleum resources have hastened researchers to look for other alternative fuel. As a result, biodiesel has been identified as one of the environmentally friendly alternatives energies and at the same time can reduce our dependency on petroleum-based fuels. The present study investigates the effects of palm biodiesel blends on stationary marine diesel engines with regards to the engines’ performance characteristics, such as brake power, brake specific fuel consumption, exhaust gas temperature, brake thermal efficient and NOX emissions. The experiment was conducted using Cummins NT-855 marine diesel engines. The results revealed that the use of palm biodiesel blends increased the brake specific fuel consumption, NOX emissions and exhaust gas temperature up to 18.75%, 26.15% and 5.5% respectively. On the other hand, it contributed to reduced brake thermal efficiency by 12.17%. On one hand, palm biodiesel does not give any significant difference in engine brake power when compared to petroleum diesel. On the whole, it is proved that low blend palm biodiesel can be used in marine diesel engines, thereby providing a viable alternative to petroleum diesel.
A new high performance Hibiscus petal pattern monopole antenna for UWB applications

─ A new ultra wideband (UWB) antenna is proposed that can be efficiently used for different wireless UWB applications. The antenna structure has a very simple patch with Hibiscus petal pattern. The antenna is designed on a 31×31 mm Rogers RT/duroid 5870 substrate with permittivity 2.33, loss tangent 0.0012, 1.57 mm thickness and a 50 ohm impedance microstrip fed line. Different parts of antenna are analyzed to optimize the antenna properties. The novel patch of the antenna is modified to achieve the desired wide bandwidth behavior. The simulation results show that the antenna has an impedance bandwidth of 145% from 3.2 to 20 GHz with VSWR<2, a stable omnidirectional radiation pattern, an average gain of 5.1 dBi and the average radiation efficiency is 85%, which is ideal for use in UWB applications. The proposed antenna was successfully prototyped and the measured results are consistent with simulation. Index Terms ─ Hibiscus petal pattern, monopole antenna, UWB, VSWR.
Manufacturing System Design of Automotive Bumper Manufacturing

This paper presents an evaluation of the manufacturing system design of two automotive manufacturing plants, located in North America. The manufacturing system designs are evaluated in terms of the achievement of design requirements stated by the Manufacturing System Design Decomposition (MSDD). The accomplishment of the design requirements is assessed through aggregated measurables, which are then related to the MSDD. The qualitative outcome of this study illustrates that the plant that more closely achieves the requirements stated by the MSDD, better satisfies the desired results of a manufacturing enterprise.
Periodic Steady State Response of a Large Scale City Bus Model With Nonlinear Characteristics

A computationally efficient methodology is presented for capturing periodic steady state respo nse of a periodically excited city bus model. First, th e equations of motion for each of the components of t he bus are set up by applying the finite element metho d. As a consequence of the geometric complexity, the number of the resulting equations is quite high. In addition, the composite model possesses strongly nonlinear characteristics. Therefore, a suitable me thod is applied originally in order to reduce the dimens ion of the system. This then allows the application of appropriate numerical methodologies for predicting steady state response of the nonlinear models examined to periodic road excitation. As a result, selected response quantities are evaluated and presented for characteristic combinations of the bu s suspension stiffness and damping parameters.
Prevalence of Clinical Mastitis and the Suitability of Gamma Function in Predicting Milk Yield of Mastitic and Non-Mastitic Friesian x Bunaji Dairy Cows in Zaria, Nigeria

Bovine mastitis has been known to cause considerable losses in the dairy industry. Knowledge of the occurrence and incidence of clinical mastitis in dairy cows is of great importance for monitoring the health status of the mammary glands, also in institution and implementation of control programs for the disease. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of clinical mastitis in Friesian X Bunaji crossbred dairy cows in a Research farm in Zaria, Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional study which involved the use of passive data (lactation records) generated from 2000 to 2015 in the Dairy Research Programme of a National Animal Production Research Institute, Shika-Zaria. The prevalence of clinical mastitis was determined and the lactation curve for the Friesian x Bunaji cows was designed and analyzed using the Gamma Function by Wood(1967). The prevalence of clinical mastitis was found to increase with increasing parity number (0.30, 0.32 and 0.43 for parity 1, 2 and 3 respectively). High prevalence of clinical mastitis occurred in early lactation period of parity 1 cows, but highest prevalence was recorded during the late lactation period in parities 2 and 3 cows.
Computing Semantic Textual Similarity based on Partial Textual Entailment

Nowadays, textual entailment is a well-founded notion. There are several definitions of textual entailment: for our purposes, we will use the following one (Androutsopoulos and Malakasiotis, 2010): “By textual entailment is understood a relationship between coherent text T and a language expression H, which is considered as a hypothesis. T entails H if the meaning of H as interpreted in context of T , can be deduced from the meaning of T . ” Recognizing textual entailment (abbreviated often as RTE) is a decision problem whether T entails H. During the last ten years textual entailment attracts an intensive attention of the NLP community. RTE is currently a deeply studied problem having consequences for many different applications of NLP – including multi-document summarization, machine translation evaluation, student response analysis, etc. RTE is closely related to a problem of paraphrases recognizing. A paraphrase s′ of a sentence s is a sentence that has the same or almost the same meaning as s in a given context. The relationship between paraphrasing and textual entailment is straightforward: a paraphrase can be considered as a mutual textual entailment (s entails s′ and s′ entails s simultaneously). Due to this fact methods for RTE and paraphrasing are often treated together, although some differences are taken into the account. RTE is a binary decision problem. When obtaining a negative result, it is not possible to say if T almost entails H, i. e. how close is H to a sentence that is entailed by T . Roughly said, textual entailment is crisp and rigid. The notion of partial textual entailment is an attempt to incorporate situations such that T “partially” entails H. According to (Levy et al., 2013), we say that an ordered pair (T,H) forms a partial textual entailment if a fragment of the hypothesis H is entailed by T . To obtain a better idea of the problem, we provide an illustration on three examples: 1. Wonderworks Ltd. constructed the new bridge. 2. The new bridge was constructed by Wonderworks Ltd.
Comparative Study on Effect of Breathing and Aerobic Exercise on General Health in Asymptomatic Population

Background: Breathing and aerobic exercises produce different types of physiological responses in healthy individuals. Aim of the study is to find the effect of breathing exercises against aerobic exercises in improving the general health of asymptomatic population. Materials and Methods: The selected subjects were randomly assigned into two groups (Breathing and Aerobic) with 16 subjects each. Breathing group performed breathing exercise in supine, sitting ,crook lying and standing with inspiration : expiration ratio 1:1,1:2,1:2:2 for a periods of 6 weeks. Aerobic group performed cycling, stair climbing, walking on ramp. Total duration of exercise was 5 days per week for 6 weeks. Results: Results of the study showed significant reduction in pulse rate, blood pressure and skin fold thickness from pre to post intervention in both breathing and aerobic group. It also found that, there was significant improvement in vital capacity, MVV, VO2 Max and quality of life from pre to post intervention in both breathing and aerobic group. However there was no statistically significant difference between both groups with regard to the above variables except VO2 Max, which was significantly improved more in aerobic group and skin fold thickness, which was significantly reduced in aerobic group. Conclusion: The study demonstrate that breathing and aerobic exercises are effective in improving cardio respiratory parameters and quality of life in asymptomatic population however aerobic exercises has better effect in reduction of skin fold thickness and improvement in VO2 Max .
ARITHMETIC OF ELLIPTIC CURVES UPON QUADRATIC EXTENSION

This paper is a study of variations in the rank of the Mordell-Weil group of an elliptic curve E defined over a number field F as one passes to quadratic extensions K of F. Let S(K) be the Selmer group for multiplication by 2 on E(K). In analogy with genus theory, we describe S(K) in terms of various objects defined over F and the local norm indices <" = dimF2£(Ft))/Norm{£(AH,)} for each completion Fv of F. In particular we show that dim S(K) + dim E(K)2 has the same parity as Zi". We compute i" when E has good or multiplicative reduction modulo v. Assuming that the 2-primary component of the Tate-Shafare- vitch group U1(K) is finite, as conjectured, we obtain the parity of rank E(K). For semistable elliptic curves defined over Q and parametrized by modular functions our parity results agree with those predicted analytically by the conjectures of Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer. 1. Introduction. Let E be an elliptic curve defined over a number field F. Our motivating question is this: What can be said about variations in the rank of the Mordell-Weil group E{K) over quadratic extensions K = F(dl/2)1 Let E(d) denote the twist of E which becomes isomorphic to E over K but not over F. Concretely, if we choose for E a model over F of the form y2 = f(x) then a model for £,(d) is given by dy2 = f(x). If a denotes the generator of Gal(K/F), then E(F) can be identified with the ( + l)-eigenspace and E(d\F) with the (-l)-eigenspace of a acting on E(K). It follows that rank E(K) = rank E(F) + rank E(d\F). An equiv- alent question therefore is to describe changes in the rank of E(d\F) as d varies. For certain specific curves defined over Q this question has been discussed for