Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Healthy elderly and influenza vaccination

ABSTRACT In many countries, those at risk for complications due to influenza are invited for influenza vaccination, to prevent serious consequences for themselves and those around them. However, vaccination rates are decreasing. The first invitation for vaccination may provide an opportunity to convey ample information about the (dis)advantages of vaccination. We aimed to identify subgroups less likely to be vaccinated after their first invitation. Using data from 87 general practices participating in NIVEL Primary Care Database, we selected persons invited for vaccination for the first time because of their 60th birthday. Of 3.238 included persons, 78% were not vaccinated after their first invitation and in the vast majority (84%) this decision remained consistent over the next years. Men and those with fewer GP contacts were less likely to be vaccinated. This latter group is not easily reached by the GP, so maybe other ways should be considered to convey information about influenza vaccination.
Review of Drug Repositioning Approaches and Resources

Drug discovery is a time-consuming, high-investment, and high-risk process in traditional drug development. Drug repositioning has become a popular strategy in recent years. Different from traditional drug development strategies, the strategy is efficient, economical and riskless. There are usually three kinds of approaches: computational approaches, biological experimental approaches, and mixed approaches, all of which are widely used in drug repositioning. In this paper, we reviewed computational approaches and highlighted their characteristics to provide references for researchers to develop more powerful approaches. At the same time, the important findings obtained using these approaches are listed. Furthermore, we summarized 76 important resources about drug repositioning. Finally, challenges and opportunities in drug repositioning are discussed from multiple perspectives, including technology, commercial models, patents and investment.
The roles of endolithic fungi in bioerosion and disease in marine ecosystems. II. Potential facultatively parasitic anamorphic ascomycetes can cause disease in corals and molluscs

ABSTRACT Anamorphic ascomycetes have been implicated as causative agents of diseases in tissues and skeletons of hard corals, in tissues of soft corals (sea fans) and in tissues and shells of molluscs. Opportunist marine fungal pathogens, such as Aspergillus sydowii, are important components of marine mycoplankton and are ubiquitous in the open oceans, intertidal zones and marine sediments. These fungi can cause infection in or at least can be associated with animals which live in these ecosystems. A. sydowii can produce toxins which inhibit photosynthesis in and the growth of coral zooxanthellae. The prevalence of many documented infections has increased in frequency and severity in recent decades with the changing impacts of physical and chemical factors, such as temperature, acidity and eutrophication. Changes in these factors are thought to cause significant loss of biodiversity in marine ecosystems on a global scale in general, and especially in coral reefs and shallow bays.
Endolichenic fungi: the lesser known fungal associates of lichens

ABSTRACT Lichens are the result of a stable mutualism between a fungal and a photosynthesising partner (alga or cyanobacterium). In addition to the fungal partner in this mutualism, lichens are associated with endolichenic fungi which reside inside their thalli. The endolichenic fungi appear to have evolved with the lichen and many of them are a source of novel metabolites vested with unique bioactivities. There is very little information on the biology of endolichenic fungi and their interactions with the other components of a lichen microbiome. There is an urgent need to understand these aspects of endolichenic fungi such that their ecology and economic potential are known more completely. The current knowledge on endolichenic fungi is reviewed here.
No male mate choice for female boldness in a bi-parental West African cichlid, the rainbow krib (Pelvicachromis pulcher)

Background In many species, males have a lower reproductive investment than females and are therefore assumed to increase their fitness with a high number of matings rather than by being choosy. However, in bi-parental species, also males heavily invest into reproduction. Here, reproductive success largely depends on costly parental care; with style and amount of parental effort in several cases being associated with personality differences (i.e., consistent between-individual differences in behaviour). Nonetheless, very little is known about the effect of personality differences on (male) mate choice in bi-parental species. Methods In the present study, we tested male mate choice for the level and consistency of female boldness in the rainbow krib, Pelviachromis pulcher, a bi-parental and territorial West African cichlid. Individual boldness was assumed to indicate parental quality because it affects parental defence behaviour. For all males and females, boldness was assessed twice as the activity under simulated predation risk. Mate choice trials were conducted in two steps. First, we let a male observe two females expressing their boldness. Then, the male could choose between these two females in a standard mate choice test. Results We tested for a male preference for behavioural (dis-)similarity vs. a directional preference for boldness but our data support the absence of effects of male and/or female boldness (level and consistency) on male mating preference. Discussion Our results suggest female personality differences in boldness may not be selected for via male mate choice.
FACTORES CAUSALES DEL BAJO RENDIMIENTO ACADÉMICO EN LA ESCUELA DE NIVEL MEDIO SUPERIOR DE PÉNJAMO

El rendimiento academico es definido como el nivel de conocimientos demostrado en un area, es un indicador del proceso ensenanza-aprendizaje y es afectado por diferentes factores: personales, educativos, sociales, entre otros. Siendo una de las causas principales de desercion escolar. Por lo anterior nuestro objetivo fue determinar los factores causales del bajo rendimiento academico en la Escuela de Nivel Medio Superior de Penjamo, para lo cual se seleccionaron alumnos de segundo semestre y se establecieron dos grupos: alto (grupo 1) y bajo (grupo 2) rendimiento academico a los cuales se les aplicaron instrumentos para evaluar datos generales, depresion, estres percibido, clima escolar, autoconcepto, motivacion y formas de estudio. Se incluyeron 49 alumnos de entre 16 y 17 anos, de ambos generos (21 hombres y 28 mujeres), 26 alumnos conformando el grupo 1 y 23 el grupo 2, obteniendose que el rendimiento academico estuvo asociado positivamente con el autoconcepto academico (p=0.010), estrategias de repaso (p=0.034), comprension en el estudio (p=0.000), tareas y capacidad (p=000) y esfuerzo (p=0.049) y negativamente con el tiempo de actividad fisica (p=0.002) y con la ansiedad (p=0.017). En conclusion esto son los factores causales del bajo rendimiento en la escuela evaluada.
Cryptococcal infection in lung transplant recipients: A 5‐year retrospective review at an Australian transplant center

Cryptococcosis is a common invasive fungal infection (IFI) in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Little is known about cryptococcosis in lung transplant (LTx) recipients despite having one of the highest risks of infection. The aim of this study was to describe demographic and clinical features of cryptococcal infection in LTx recipients. We performed a retrospective, observational study of cryptococcal infection in LTx recipients at The Alfred Hospital in Melbourne, Australia, from 2012 to 2017. A total of 11 cases were identified. Seven patients (64%) were male and the median age was 54.7 years (range 34‐69 years). Diagnosis occurred at a median of 233 days (range 1‐3650 days) post‐transplant. Nine patients (82%) had isolated pulmonary infection of whom 7 (78%) were asymptomatic. All were treated with oral antifungal therapy and 1 required surgical resection of infected lung. Two patients (18%) had disseminated infection; 1 with pulmonary and central nervous system (CNS) infection and 1 with isolated CNS infection. Both patients presented with headache and brain imaging demonstrated cerebral edema, myelinosis, and leptomeningeal enhancement. One of these patients died. This study highlights the fact that cryptococcal infection should remain a consideration in asymptomatic LTx recipients, especially in the presence of non‐specific nodules on chest imaging, and that the presence of headache in these patients requires urgent investigation for CNS infection.
Assessment of relevant factors with respect to psychosocial properties in potential living donor candidates before liver transplantation

Background Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) has been developed as one of gold standard treatments for end-stage liver disease. Mental health is a required selection criterion for adult living liver donors and may influence the quality of life after operation. Patients and methods A total of 1,210 potential living donor candidates for liver transplantation (LT) underwent psychosocial evaluation that included a semi-structured interview, multi-choice self-reported inventory (Beck Depression Inventory-2nd edition [BDI-II], Beck Anxiety Inventory [BAI]), and the family APGAR (Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affection, Resolve) index. The test results were compared by family relationships, and subgroups were classified based on the donation type: 1) parents to children, 2) grown children to parents, 3) siblings to siblings, 4) spouses to spouses, and 5) other relatives to other relatives. Results The BDI-II (P < 0.001) and BAI differed considerably according to the donation type in potential donor candidates. Compared with other subgroups, parents donating to their children suffered the most severe psychological stress before LDLT and exhibited more depressive (P < 0.001) and anxiety symptoms. However, the stress associated with grown children donating to their parents, siblings, and spouses was not significantly higher than it was for other relatives. Furthermore, a significant negative correlation existed between family APGAR scores and the severity of depression and anxiety (P < 0.001) among potential donor candidates. Conclusion These results indicate the importance of understanding potential donor candidates’ psychological characteristics before LT. Greater anxiety and depression may be exhibited by parent donors due to the distress from fears of death or illness of the recipients, or their guilty feeling for their child. Additionally, family dysfunction also revealed more depression and anxiety. Such donor candidates should be given more extensive pre-donation counseling for minimizing pre-LDLT psychological stress.
Comparative evaluation of coronal discoloration induced by two triple antibiotic revascularization protocols when used at varying depths of temporary sealing material at the end of varying time periods

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the coronal discoloration induced by two Triple antibiotic paste (TAP 1 and 2), when used with varying depths of 2 and 4 mm of temporary sealing materials at the end of 0, 3, and 6 weeks. Objectives: (1) To evaluate coronal discoloration induced by TAP-1 when the depth of the temporary restorative material is 2 mm below cementoenamel junction at the end of 0, 3, and 6 weeks. Materials and Methods: Forty extracted permanent maxillary central and lateral incisors or single-rooted tooth were collected and chosen for the study. They were then divided into two groups and each group was then subdivided into two subgroups. Results: Both the triple antibiotic paste showed discoloration but it reduced with increase in thickness of temporary cement. Conclusion: TAP 1 and TAP 2 both showed an increase in discoloration, greater discoloration was seen with TAP, containing minocycline. There was a steady change in the discoloration from 0 to 6th week. In both the groups, TAP 1 and TAP 2, there was a reduction in discoloration with increase thickness of the temporary restorative material.
Motivation alters implicit temporal attention through sustained and transient mechanisms: A behavioral and pupillometric study.

Temporal expectations aid performance by allowing the optimization of attentional readiness at moment of highest target probability. Reward enhances cognitive performance through its action on preparatory and reactive attentional processes. To elucidate how motivation interacts with mechanisms of implicit temporal attention, we studied healthy young adult participants (N = 73) performing a sustained attention task with simultaneous pupillometric recording, under different reward conditions (baseline: 0 c; reward: 10 c/fast response). Target timing was temporally unpredictable (variable foreperiod: 2-10 s, uniformly distributed), in which case implicitly formed timing expectations. Trials were binned according to current foreperiod (FPn ; short: 2-6 s; long: 6-10 s) and preceding foreperiod (FPn-1 ; short: 2-6 s; long: 6-10 s). Overall, performance data showed the expected temporal attention effects, with slower responses after shorter FPn s, particularly when they followed longer FPn-1 s. Moreover, these temporal effects were significantly reduced in the reward condition. While performance improved in all trial types, the largest benefit appeared in trials that were normally most disadvantaged by invalid temporal expectation. Furthermore, reward motivation was accompanied by an increase in sustained (prestimulus) and transient (poststimulus response) pupil diameter. The latter effect was particularly evident following short FPn s. The current findings suggest that reward motivation can improve overall attentional performance and reduce implicit temporal bias, both through preparatory and reactive attentional mechanisms.
Alcohol accumulation promotes esophagitis via pyroptosis activation

Gastroesophageal reflux impairs the mucosal barrier in the distal esophagus, allowing chronic exposure of the squamous epithelium to multitudinous stimulations and inducing chronic inflammation. Esophagitis is a response to inflammation of the esophageal squamous mucosa. Our study clarified that alcohol accumulation could aggravate the progress of esophagitis by inducing pyroptosis; however, Ac-YVAD-CMK, an inhibitor of caspase-1, could effectively suppress the expression of IL-1β and IL-18 both in vivo and in vitro, reducing the inflammatory response, which is promised to be an agent to inhibit the progression of esophagitis. Additionally, caspase-1-derived pyroptosis is involved in esophageal cancer.
EĞİTSEL VERİ MADENCİLİĞİ VE ÖĞRENME ANALİTİKLERİ BAĞLAMINDA E-ÖĞRENME VERİLERİNDE AYKIRI GÖZLEMLERİN BELİRLENMESİ

E-ogrenme teknolojilerinin sagladigi en onemli yararlardan birisi de ogrenme verilerinin kayit edilmesidir. Bu veriler egitsel veri madenciligi baglaminda analiz edilmekte ve ayni zamanda ogrenme analitikleri olarak da kullanilmaktadir. Ancak kayit edilen her veri saglikli bir ogrenme verisi anlamina gelmemektedir. Bu nedenle analiz asamasindan once aykiri gozlemlerin belirlenmesi ve duzeltmelerin yapilmasi dogru sonuclara ulasilmasinda onemli bir yere sahiptir. Aykiri gozlemler, verilerin olusma surecinde (real-time) belirlenebilecegi gibi surec sonunda elde edilen veri kumelerinden de belirlenebilmektedir. Bu arastirmada bir e-ogrenme ortamindan elde edilen egitsel veriler uzerinde aykiri gozlem belirleme yontemlerinin kullanimi ele alinmistir. Arastirmada bir ders donemi suresinde kullanilan Moodle ogrenme yonetim sistemi (OYS) log kayitlari veri kumesi olarak kullanilmistir. Veri kumesi 65 ogrencinin hiper-metin, video, degerlendirme, scorm ve forum etkilesimlerine iliskin toplam etkilesim suresinden olusmaktadir. Aykiri gozlem verilerinin belirlenmesinde Z, Grubbs, Rosner, kutu grafigi ve Hampel yontemi kullanilmistir. Bu calismada aykiri gozlem verileri hazir paket programlar kullanilmadan hesaplama cizelgeleri uzerinden islemler yapilarak belirlenmistir. Yapilan analizlerin sonucunda yontemlere gore aykiri (anormal) gozlem sayilarinin degistigi gorulmustur. Buradan elde edilen deneyimler ve veri tabani yapisi goz onunde bulunduruldugunda Z yontemi ve kutu grafigi yontemlerinin bir e-ogrenme sisteminde uygulama aninda aykiri gozlemlerin tespiti amaciyla diger yontemlere gore daha kolay uygulanabilir oldugu, bir baska ifadeyle bu yontemlerin makineye ogretiminin daha islevsel oldugu gorulmustur. Bununla birlikte diger yontemlerin ise bir hipotez sinamasi gerektirmesi ve daha duyarli sonuclar vermesi yonunden onemli bir avantaja sahip oldugu goz onunde bulundurulmalidir.
Ethanol (EtOH)‐Related Behaviors in &agr;‐Synuclein Mutant Mice and Association of SNCA SNPs with Anxiety in EtOH‐Dependent Patients

BACKGROUND Data have shown a role of α-synuclein in anxiety and also in addiction, particularly in alcohol use disorders (AUD). Since the comorbidity between AUD and anxiety is very high and because anxiety is an important factor in ethanol (EtOH) relapse, the aim of the present study was to investigate the role of α-synuclein in moderating EtOH intake, the anxiolytic effects of EtOH, and EtOH withdrawal-induced anxiety and convulsions in mice. The study aimed to determine whether SNCA variants moderated anxiety in EtOH-dependent patients. METHODS We analyzed the moderator effect of 3 SNCA Tag-single nucleotide polymorphisms (Tag-SNPs) rs356200, rs356219, and rs2119787 on the anxiety symptoms in 128 EtOH-dependent patients. We used the C57BL/6JOlaHsd Snca mutant mice to assess EtOH intake; sensitivity to the anxiolytic effects of EtOH in a test battery comprising the open field, the light-dark box, and the elevated plus maze; and both anxiety and convulsions induced by EtOH withdrawal. RESULTS Our results demonstrated a reduction in both EtOH intake and preference and also a lack of sensitivity to the anxiolytic effects of EtOH in α-synuclein mutant mice. Results on anxiety-like behavior were mixed, but mutant mice displayed increased anxiety when exposed to a low anxiogenic environment. Mutant mice also displayed an increase in handling-induced convulsion scores during withdrawal after EtOH inhalation, but did not differ in terms of EtOH withdrawal-induced anxiety. In humans, we found a significant association of the rs356219 SNP with a high level of anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory score >15) and the rs356200 SNP with a positive familial history of AUD. CONCLUSIONS Our translational study highlights a significant role of α-synuclein in components of AUD.
Defining the genetic components of callus formation: A GWAS approach

A characteristic feature of plant cells is the ability to form callus from parenchyma cells in response to biotic and abiotic stimuli. Tissue culture propagation of recalcitrant plant species and genetic engineering for desired phenotypes typically depends on efficient in vitro callus generation. Callus formation is under genetic regulation, and consequently, a molecular understanding of this process underlies successful generation for propagation materials and/or introduction of genetic elements in experimental or industrial applications. Herein, we identified 11 genetic loci significantly associated with callus formation in Populus trichocarpa using a genome-wide association study (GWAS) approach. Eight of the 11 significant gene associations were consistent across biological replications, exceeding a chromosome-wide–log10 (p) = 4.46 [p = 3.47E−05] Bonferroni-adjusted significance threshold. These eight genes were used as hub genes in a high-resolution co-expression network analysis to gain insight into the genome-wide basis of callus formation. A network of positively and negatively co-expressed genes, including several transcription factors, was identified. As proof-of-principle, a transient protoplast assay confirmed the negative regulation of a Chloroplast Nucleoid DNA-binding-related gene (Potri.018G014800) by the LEC2 transcription factor. Many of the candidate genes and co-expressed genes were 1) linked to cell division and cell cycling in plants and 2) showed homology to tumor and cancer-related genes in humans. The GWAS approach based on a high-resolution marker set, and the ability to manipulate targets genes in vitro, provided a catalog of high-confidence genes linked to callus formation that can serve as an important resource for successful manipulation of model and non-model plant species, and likewise, suggests a robust method of discovering common homologous functions across organisms.
Older adults searching for health information in MedlinePlus - an exploratory study of faceted online search interfaces

Relatively little is known about how older adults search for health information online, particularly via faceted search interfaces that are increasingly prevalent on the web. To begin to address this gap in the literature, we conducted an exploratory study of older adults' use of a faceted search interface, MedlinePlus, to search for health information. The study uses selected measures of click behavior along with eye tracking techniques to examine how searchers with limited online search experience interact with a faceted web search interface. It investigates important aspects of faceted search interfaces, including: searcher gaze behavior (what components of the interface searchers look, how frequently, and for how long); how gaze behavior differs for different health conditions; and how searchers describe their actions. Five older adults aged between 56 and 87 (mean age = 73.5) participated in this study, conducted in a public library, between October and December 2010. Overall participant use of facets was similar to previous findings, approximately 20–30% of fixation counts and total fixation duration. Searchers appeared to use the facets more for more severe health conditions. These findings may be useful for researchers (e.g., to inform models of health information seeking behavior) as well as practitioners (e.g., for improving search interface designs).
Dual antiplatelet therapy pretreatment in IV thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke

Objective We sought to determine the safety and efficacy of IV thrombolysis (IVT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with a history of dual antiplatelet therapy pretreatment (DAPP) in a prospective multicenter study. Methods We compared the following outcomes between DAPP+ and DAPP− IVT-treated patients before and after propensity score matching (PSM): symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), asymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, favorable functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 0–1), and 3-month mortality. Results Among 790 IVT patients, 58 (7%) were on DAPP before stroke (mean age 68 ± 13 years; 57% men; median NIH Stroke Scale score 8). DAPP+ patients were older with more risk factors compared to DAPP− patients. The rates of sICH were similar between groups (3.4% vs 3.2%). In multivariable analyses adjusting for potential confounders, DAPP was associated with higher odds of asymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (odds ratio = 3.53, 95% confidence interval: 1.47–8.47; p = 0.005) but also with a higher likelihood of 3-month favorable functional outcome (odds ratio = 2.41, 95% confidence interval: 1.06–5.46; p = 0.035). After propensity score matching, 41 DAPP+ patients were matched to 82 DAPP− patients. The 2 groups did not differ in any of the baseline characteristics or safety and efficacy outcomes. Conclusions DAPP is not associated with higher rates of sICH and 3-month mortality following IVT. DAPP should not be used as a reason to withhold IVT in otherwise eligible AIS candidates. Classification of evidence This study provides Class III evidence that for IVT-treated patients with AIS, DAPP is not associated with a significantly higher risk of sICH. The study lacked the precision to exclude a potentially meaningful increase in sICH bleeding risk.