Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Recovery From Major Depression Among Geriatric Psychiatry Inpatients: The Importance of Caregivers' Beliefs

Caregiver support is an important factor in recovery from depression among older patients. We examined whether caregivers' perceptions regarding patients' ability to control depressive symptoms were related to depression recovery. Depression treatment, demographics, number of depressive symptoms, and health were controlled. The sample comprised 51 geriatric psychiatry inpatients who met DSM-IV criteria for major depression and who had a primary caregiver. Depression was assessed at both admission and discharge. Caregivers were asked to indicate whether they believed their patient-relatives could control their depressive symptoms. At discharge, 33 patients (64.7%) were “remitted” and 18 (35.3%) were “nonremitted. ” Multivariate analyses indicated that receiving electroconvulsive treatment, having fewer depressive symptoms caregivers perceived to be within patient control, and being female predicted depression remission at discharge. This study highlights the important relationship between family dynamics and course of depression.
Evaluation of three input techniques for selection and annotation of physical objects through an augmented reality view

This paper presents results from a study into the usability issues of two tasks (selection and annotation of a physical object) for users operating mobile augmented reality systems. The study compared the following three different modes of cursor manipulation: a handheld mouse, a head cursor, and an image-plane vision-tracked device. The selection task was evaluated based on number of mouse button clicks, completion time, and a subjective survey. The annotation task was evaluated based on accuracy of the annotation, completion time, and a subjective survey.
An automatic restructuring approach preserving the behavior of object-oriented designs

Work on restructuring object-oriented designs involves metrics for quality estimation, and automated transformations. However, these factors have been treated almost independently of each other. A long-term goal is to define behavior-preserving design transformations, and automate the transformations using metrics. This paper describes an automatic restructuring approach that preserves the behavior of an object-oriented design. Cohesion and coupling metrics, based on abstract models that represent design components and their relationships, are defined to quantify designs and provide criteria for comparing alternative designs. Primitive operations and semantics for restructuring are defined to validate the preservation of design behavior This approach devises a fitness function using cohesion and coupling metrics, and restructures object-oriented designs by applying a genetic algorithm using the fitness function. We empirically evaluate the capability of this approach by applying it to the designs of Java programs and compare our results with a simulated annealing-based approach. Results from our experiments demonstrate that this approach may be useful in improving object-oriented designs automatically.
Architecture of LTE-WIFI integration for SDN towards IP systems

Against the background of a surge in software-defined network (SDN) as well as urgent demands for LTE-WIFI internetworking and IPv6 network integration, the paper integrates LTE mobile telecommunication technology, wireless local area network and 5G (the fifth generation mobile communication system) into one, in an attempt to complete routing, distribution, and transmission of different radio frequency signals (i.e. LTE, WIFI) on the SDN basis. As a result, large-area coverage of LTE-WIFI network signals is realized in a way that meeting the demands of reliability, safety, flexibility and extendibility for mobile internet. What is more, different complementary wireless telecommunication systems are closed combined with each other. Through the use of SDN integration technology, the paper designs network integration architecture of IP-LTE mobile internet and WIFI, and also studies on the application of SDN-based IP optical integration network, which has broad prospects.
Influência da sinvastatina na reparação óssea de mandíbulas de ratas

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da sinvastatina na reparacao ossea guiada em mandibulas de ratas atraves da densitometria optica e analise histologica. Foram tilizadas 35 ratas, nas quais foi confeccionado um defeito osseo bicortical no ângulo da mandibula, que foi recoberto por barreira de politetrafluoretileno nas faces vestibular e lingual. Apos a cirurgia, os animais foram divididos em 4 grupos tratados com 20mg/kg/dia de sinvastatina, via oral, durante 15 ou 30 dias e 3 grupos controle. Os animais foram sacrificados 15, 30 ou 60 dias apos a cirurgia, sendo a mandibula removida para realizacao de densitometria optica e analise histologica. Todos os especimes foram submetidos a analise de variância (ANOVA) e teste de Tukey. Os resultados demonstraram que nao houve diferenca entre os grupos tratado e controle e que a media de neoformacao ossea foi maior nos grupos sacrificados em 60 dias, seguidas pelas medias dos grupos de 30 e 15 dias. Conclui-se que a sinvastatina nao teve efeito sobre o processo de reparo do tecido osseo e que a quantidade de neoformacao ossea aumentou conforme o tempo de observacao.
Influence of intermediate resin on the bond strength of light-curing composite resin to polymer substrate

Abstract Objectives. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of intermediate resin (IMR) of different monomer compositions and viscosities on the shear bond strength between polymer substrate and light-curing composite. Methods. The substrate used in the study was an autopolymerizing polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) based polymer. The substrate was treated with the IMR for 3 min before application of light polymerizable particulate filler composite resin. The monomers of the IMR were either bisphenol-A-glycidyl dimethacrylate (BisGMA) and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) or BisGMA and methyl methacrylate (MMA). The shear bond strength of the IMR treated substrate to the particulate filler composite was evaluated after storing the specimens dry and after thermocycling the specimens in water. Light microscope examination was accomplished to determine the swelled layer of the substrate. Results. Significant differences were found between the shear bond strength values of the IMRs (p < 0.001). The bond strengths were generally higher in the BisGMA-MMA groups than in the BisGMA-TEGDMA groups. Two-way ANOVA revealed significant effects of type of IMR (p < 0.001) and thermocycling (p = 0.017) on the shear bond strength. No interaction was found between these variables (p > 0.05). Conclusions. The results suggest that the monomer composition and ratio of the IMRs used in the study influence the shear bond strength of the polymer substrate to the new resin.
Hypertension risk: exercise is medicine* for most but not all

Hypertension is a risk factor for heart disease, and chronic exercise is recognized as a method for reducing resting blood pressure. Recent studies report that while exercise may benefit the majority of the population, the blood pressure adaptation is not always uniform; some individuals have an adverse blood pressure response to chronic aerobic exercise programmes. The purpose of this study was to examine the individual changes in resting blood pressure in response to exercise training regimens aimed at increasing muscle mass and strength. We have also included exercise (resistance and aerobic) in combination with blood flow restriction (BFR). Of 74 individuals, 11% had an increased risk, 16% had a decreased risk and 73% had no change in risk classification following exercise. The statistical analysis found that the group that decreased risk with exercise tended to have higher baseline levels of blood pressure. However, there were little baseline differences between the group that increased risk or the group that had no change in risk, suggesting that starting values may not necessarily determine who will see a beneficial response. In conclusion, the blood pressure adaptation to resistance training and exercise with BFR is not homogeneous with some participants increasing, decreasing or staying in the same risk category following an exercise intervention. These are important findings as they would not have been noted or discussed when looking only at the group means. Future research may identify molecular predictors so that individuals at risk for adverse events can be identified prior to exercise.
Documentation and the transfer of clinical information in two aged care settings.

BACKGROUND Increasingly, documentation, both formal and informal, is being undertaken by nurses using a range of modalities. In Australia there is a sense that the demand for this in the aged care sector is increasing in line with requirements of funding agencies. However, the scope of this activity and its impact on nursing workload in aged care facilities has not been rigorously investigated. Funding of aged care facilities in the public hospital system in Australia is dependent on documentation of care. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and time of day that documentation and transfer of clinical information activities occurred for nurses of all skill levels in two aged care facilities in New South Wales, Australia. DESIGN Work sampling of direct care, indirect care, unit-related activities and personal time. SETTING Two hospitals with aged care facilities near Sydney, Australia. SUBJECTS One hundred and six nurses. RESULTS 16,395 observations of nursing activities were recorded. The transfer of clinical information between health care professionals comprises a large part of the nurse's working day. It comprised between 37 and 38% in this study, but the time of day in which it took place differed between the two hospitals. CONCLUSION Documentation needs to be seen as an integral part of care by managers and clinicians. Both would wish to ensure that it is undertaken in the most efficient and effective manner to allow the necessary time for direct care. More detailed understanding may allow clinical unit managers to re-structure the workday in terms of documentation to achieve greater efficiencies or effective use of nursing time.
Energy-Optimal Execution Policy for A Cloud-Assisted Mobile Application Platform

In this paper, we derive strategies for the energy-optimal execution decision on a cloud-assisted mobile application platform. Specifically, in the platform, mobile applications can either be executed in the mobile device (i.e., mobile execution) or offloaded to the cloud clone for execution (i.e., cloud execution), with an objective to conserve energy for the mobile device. The design trade-off is between the computation energy for the mobile execution and the transmission energy for the cloud execution. The optimal execution policy can be identified by solving two energy-aware scheduling problems. The first one is to minimize the computation energy to complete all CPU cycles required by the application, by optimally configuring the clock frequency in the mobile device. The second one is to minimize the transmission energy of transferring all the data within a time deadline, by optimally scheduling the data rate over a stochastic wireless channel. We formulate both problems as constrained optimization problems, and obtain closed-form solutions for the optimal scheduling policy and the minimum energy consumed in both cases. Further theoretical analysis for both execution modes indicates that the optimal policy depends on not only the application profile (i.e., the data volume and the delay deadline), but also the wireless transmission model (i.e., the monomial order for the energy consumption model). For the mobile execution, the optimal energy scales cubically with the data transmission size, while for the cloud execution the monomial order of the transmission model has significant influence on the energy consumption. These analytical results enable us to determine the optimal condition under which the mobile execution or the cloud execution is more energy
Tunable electronic lens using a gradient polymer network liquid crystal

Tunable electronic lenses using gradient polymer network liquid crystal (PNLC) cells were demonstrated. By changing the photomask pattern, both positive and negative lenses were fabricated. The advantages of such a PNLC lens are low operation voltage, large aperture size, and simple electrode design. To overcome the polarization dependence, stacking two orthogonal homogeneous PNLC cells is considered.
Pharmacology of tezosentan, new endothelin receptor antagonist designed for parenteral use.

Tezosentan (Ro 61-0612) [5-isopropyl-pyridine-2-sulfonic acid 6-(2-hydroxy-ethoxy)-5-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)-2-(2-1H-tetrazol-5-yl-+ ++pyri din-4-yl)-pyrimidin-4-ylamide] is a new endothelin (ET) receptor antagonist specifically designed for parenteral use. Tezosentan competitively antagonizes the specific binding of (125)I-labeled ET-1 and of the selective ET(B) receptor ligands (125)I-labeled ET-3 and (125)I-labeled sarafotoxin S6c on cells and tissues carrying ET(A) and ET(B) receptors, with inhibitory constants in the nanomolar range, and has high water solubility. Tezosentan exhibits high functional inhibitory potency for inhibiting contraction induced by ET-1 on isolated rat aorta (ET(A) receptors; pA(2) = 9.5) and by sarafotoxin S6c on rat trachea (ET(B) receptors; pA(2) = 7.7). In vivo, tezosentan inhibits the pressor effect of big ET-1 in pithed rats and increases ET-1 plasma concentrations in conscious rats in a dose-dependent fashion. In spontaneously hypertensive rats, i.v. injection of tezosentan has acute hemodynamic effects and decreases blood pressure. Tezosentan is also able to prevent the acute renal failure that complicates rhabdomyolysis in a rat model of myoglobinuric nephropathy. Finally, tezosentan exhibits an apparent elimination half-life of less than 1 h in rabbits and primates and of 2 h in rats. In conclusion, tezosentan, a potent mixed ET receptor antagonist with a short half-life, may offer a novel medical approach for the i.v. treatment of acute pathological conditions.
Humoral immune responses in patients vaccinated with 1–146 HER2 protein complexed with cholesteryl pullulan nanogel

The CHP‐HER2 vaccine, comprising truncated 146HER2 protein complexed with nanogels of cholesteryl pullulan (CHP), is a novel protein antigen vaccine that elicits 146HER2‐specific CD8+ and CD4+ T‐cell immune responses in patients with HER2‐expressing tumors. We analyzed the humoral responses in patients vaccinated with CHP‐HER2 and those with CHP‐HER2 plus granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF). The vaccine was injected subcutaneously at a dose of 300 µg protein. Nine patients received the vaccine alone over the first four injections, followed by CHP‐HER2 with GM‐CSF or OK‐432, whereas six received CHP‐HER2 plus GM‐CSF from the first cycle. 146HER2‐specific IgG antibodies were induced in 14 patients, who were negative at baseline. The antibodies became detectable after the second or third vaccination and reached plateau levels after the third or fourth cycle in patients vaccinated with CHP‐HER2 plus GM‐CSF. In contrast, the antibodies appeared only after the third to sixth vaccination and the plateau appeared after the fourth to eighth cycle in patients vaccinated with the CHP‐HER2 vaccine alone over the first four cycles. The antibodies induced by the vaccine were not reactive with HER2 antigen expressed on the cell surface in any of the patients. Epitope analysis using overlapping peptides revealed a single region in the 146HER2 protein, amino acids 127–146, in eight patients who were initially vaccinated with CHP‐HER2 alone. Similarly, the same HER2 region was recognized dominantly in patients vaccinated with GM‐CSF. Our results indicate that CHP‐HER2 induced HER2‐specific humoral responses in patients with HER2‐expressing tumors and that GM‐CSF seems to accelerate the responses. (Cancer Sci 2008; 99: 601–607)
Coagulation, fibrinolysis and fibrinolysis inhibitors in haemodialysis patients: contribution of arteriovenous fistula.

BACKGROUND End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, not uncommonly, might exhibit thrombotic complications, as well as they may present with a bleeding diathesis. Changes in vessel wall and/or blood flow in native arteriovenous fistula (AVF) might also augment these disarrangements, as vascular endothelium is predominantly involved in the regulation of haemostatic pathways. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to evaluate the state of coagulation and fibrinolysis and the role of AVF on haemostatic defects, in ESRD patients on maintenance haemodialysis. METHODS Plasma samples for prothrombin fragment 1+2, thrombin-antithrombin III complex, plasmin-alpha2 antiplasmin complex, tissue type plasminogen activator antigen, urokinase type plasminogen activator antigen, u-PA activity, plasminogen activity, alpha2-antiplasmin and alpha2-macroglobulin assays were obtained from AVF and contralateral large veins of ESRD patients and from peripheral veins of the control group. RESULTS Our results indicate a predominant thrombotic state as evidenced by activated coagulation markers and enhanced fibrinolysis in systemic circulation of ESRD patients. However the most novel finding is the probable contribution of AVF on haemostatic activation, as proven by the statistically different and positively correlated concentrations of both coagulation, fibrinolysis, and fibrinolysis inhibitors in AVF when compared to the levels in peripheral venous circulation. CONCLUSION In addition to systemic derangements of haemostasis in ESRD patients, AVF individually might have a substantial role in the modulation of coagulation and fibrinolytic cascade.
Measuring Genome Instability in Aging – A Mini-Review

Background: There is mounting evidence for an age-dependent accumulation of somatic mutations as a result of the inherent imperfection of DNA replication and repair. A possible age-related decline in genome maintenance systems may exacerbate this age-related loss of genome integrity. A review of the current methods of mutation detection is timely in view of the lack of insight as to the magnitude of somatic mutation accumulation, the types of mutations that accumulate, and their functional consequences. Objective: In this paper we review the current methods for measuring genome instability in organisms during aging or in relation to life span. Methods: The review is based on established and novel concepts from the existing literature, with some examples from our own laboratory. Results: Studies using cytogenetic assays and endogenous or transgenic mutation reporter assays provide strong evidence for age-related increases of different types of mutations in animals and humans during aging. This increase in DNA mutations is tissue-specific and also differs between species. Conclusion: Today, our knowledge of somatic mutation profiles in aging is mainly derived from cytogenetics and the use of endogenous and transgenic mutation reporter assays. The emergence of new approaches, most notably massively parallel sequencing, will give us deeper insight into the nature of spontaneous genome instability and its possible causal relationship to aging and age-related disease.
A Numerical Scheme for Impact Problems I: The One-Dimensional Case

We consider a mechanical system with impact and one degree of freedom. The system is not necessarily Lagrangian. The representative point is subject to the constraint $u(t) \in \Er^+$ for all t. We assume that, at impact, the velocity is reversed and multiplied by a given coefficient of restitution $e\in[0,1]$. We define a numerical scheme which enables us to approximate the solutions of the Cauchy problem: this is an ad hoc scheme which does not require a systematic search for the times of impact. We prove the convergence of this numerical scheme to a solution. Many of the features of this proof will be reused in the nonconvex, multidimensional case, written in generalized coordinates, given in the companion paper [L. Paoli and M. Schatzman, SIAM J. Numer. Anal. , 40 (2002), pp. 734--768]. We present some numerical results obtained with the scheme for a spring-dashpot system and we compare them to the results obtained by impact detection and penalization.
Correlation between tests of small airway function

Cochrane, G. M. , Benatar, S. R. , Davis, J., Collins, J. V. , and Clark, T. J. H. (1974.)Thorax,29, 172-178. Correlation between tests of small airway function. To compare and correlate tests of small airway function we have measured residual volume, frequency dependence of compliance, `closing volume', maximal expiratory flow rate at 50% and 25% of vital capacity, maximal expiratory flow rate at 50% of total lung capacity, and forced expired time in 10 health non-smoking male subjects and 10 non-smoking asthmatics who on the day of the study had no symptoms of airway obstruction. There was no evidence to suggest that any one particular test was more sensitive than others in detecting the presence of small airways obstruction. The closest correlation was between maximal expiratory flow rate at both 25% of vital capacity and 50% of total lung capacity and the forced expired time. It is argued that a prolonged forced expired time in the presence of normal dynamic lung volumes may be the most easily applicable screening test for early small airways obstruction.
Changes in the chemical structure of thermally treated wood

Changes in the chemical structure of hornbeam and uludag fir woods during thermal treatment were investigated at three temperatures (170, 190, and 210 oC) and three durations (4, 8, and 12 hours). After thermal treatment, the extents of degradation in the chemical structure of the samples were determined, and the effects on the chemical composition of hornbeam wood and uludag fir wood were investigated. The data obtained were analyzed using variance analysis, and Tukey’s test was used to determine the changes in the chemical structure of uludag fir and hornbeam woods. The results showed that heating wood permanently changes several of its chemical structures and that the changes are mainly caused by thermal degradation of wood polymers. It was found that decreasing of the cellulose and holocelluloses ratio had a favorable effect on the interaction of the wood with moisture. According to the obtained results, hornbeam wood is affected more than uludag fir wood. For each wood, the maximum decreases of holocellulose and α-cellulose were found at 210oC for 12 hours, and the maximum increase of lignin occurred at the same treatment combination.