Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conocimientos de los futuros profesionales de la educación sobre maltrato infantil intrafamiliar

Los profesionales del ambito educativo gozan de una posicion privilegiada para realizar una deteccion precoz del maltrato infantil e identificar posibles casos de riesgo. No obstante, en ocasiones, alegan falta de conocimientos y formacion para realizar tales cometidos, cuestion sobre la cual la literatura cientifica recoge resultados y conclusiones diversas. Este trabajo pretende analizar la formacion de los futuros profesionales de la educacion en torno el maltrato infantil intrafamiliar, concretamente sus conocimientos acerca de los factores de riesgo, es decir, aquellas circunstancias que pueden aumentar la probabilidad de que ocurran situaciones de maltrato en el entorno familiar.
MULTI-WAVELENGTH PROBES OF OBSCURATION TOWARD THE NARROW-LINE REGION IN SEYFERT GALAXIES

We present a study of reddening and absorption toward the narrow line regions (NLRs) in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) selected from the Revised Shapley-Ames, 12 μm, and Swift/Burst Alert Telescope samples. For the sources in host galaxies with inclinations of b/a > 0.5, we find that the mean ratio of [O iii] λ5007, from ground-based observations, and [O iv] 28.59 μm, from Spitzer/Infrared Spectrograph observations, is a factor of two lower in Seyfert 2s than Seyfert 1s. The combination of low [O iii]/[O iv] and [O iii] λ4363/λ5007 ratios in Seyfert 2s suggests more extinction of emission from the NLR than in Seyfert 1s. Similar column densities of dusty gas, NH∼ several × 1021 cm−2, can account for the suppression of both [O iii] λ5007 and [O iii] λ4363, as compared to those observed in Seyfert 1s. Also, we find that the X-ray line O vii λ22. 1 Å is weaker in Seyfert 2s, consistent with absorption by the same gas that reddens the optical emission. Using a Hubble Space Telescope/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph slitless spectrum of the Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4151, we estimate that only ∼30% of the [O iii] λ5007 comes from within 30 pc of the central source, which is insufficient to account for the low [O iii]/[O iv] ratios in Seyfert 2s. If Seyfert 2 galaxies have similar intrinsic [O iii] spatial profiles, the external dusty gas must extend further out along the NLR, perhaps in the form of nuclear dust spirals that have been associated with fueling flows toward the AGN.
Synthesis and characterization of polyacrylamide based hydrogel containing magnesium oxide nanoparticles for antibacterial applications

A new hydrogel was synthesized based on polyacrylamide and sodium carboxymethylcellulose. N,N'-Methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) was used as crosslinker and ammonium persulfate (APS) and N,N,N',N'-tetra-methylethylenediamine (TEMED) were utilized as initiators. Moreover, The MgO nanoparticles were added to the hydrogel network in order to investigate the antibacterial activity of synthesized polymer. Characterizations of hydrogels were carried out using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). The physical and chemical characterizations of the prepared hydrogels give valuable information on the morphological structure of polymer, swelling behavior, bonding formation of gels and physical properties. It can be concluded that by incorporation of NaCMC the hydrogel properties are retained chemically and the physical properties are clearly being enhanced in the aspects of swelling capacity, strength and flexibility. This study also investigates the antibacterial activities of prepared hydrogels against Escherichia coli which is a Gram negative food pathogenic bacteria. For this purpose, agar diffusion test or agar plate test was carried out and inhibition area for each hydrogel was determined. The inhibition zone for acrylamide hydrogel with NaCMC was about 4.52 cm2 since this area for MgO nanocomposite containing 0.03 gram of MgO was 15.19 cm2.
Turnover Rates in Insular Biogeography: Effect of Immigration on Extinction

Demographic and genetic contributions from nonspecific immigrants tend to reduce ex- tinction rates of insular populations. The MacArthur-Wilson model of island biogeography is modified to provide for this effect of immigration on extinction, which we call the rescue effect. This new model predicts that when immigration rates are high relative to extinction rates, turnover rate is directly related to the distance between an island and the source of colonizing species. A field study of the distribution of arthropods among isolated plants supports the model.
The effect of low solubility organic acids on the hygroscopicity of sodium halide aerosols

Abstract. In order to accurately assess the influence of fatty acids on the hygroscopic and other physicochemical properties of sea salt aerosols, hexanoic, octanoic or lauric acid together with sodium halide salts (NaCl, NaBr and NaI) have been chosen to be investigated in this study. The hygroscopic properties of sodium halide sub-micrometre particles covered with organic acids have been examined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in an aerosol flow cell. Covered particles were generated by flowing atomized sodium halide particles (either dry or aqueous) through a heated oven containing the gaseous acid. The obtained results indicate that gaseous organic acids easily nucleate onto dry and aqueous sodium halide particles. On the other hand, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images indicate that lauric acid coating on NaCl particles makes them to aggregate in small clusters. The hygroscopic behaviour of covered sodium halide particles in deliquescence mode shows different features with the exchange of the halide ion, whereas the organic surfactant has little effect in NaBr particles, NaCl and NaI covered particles experience appreciable shifts in their deliquescence relative humidities, with different trends observed for each of the acids studied. In efflorescence mode, the overall effect of the organic covering is to retard the loss of water in the particles. It has been observed that the presence of gaseous water in heterogeneously nucleated particles tends to displace the cover of hexanoic acid to energetically stabilize the system.
The Turbulent Oscillator: A Mechanism of Low-Frequency Variability of the Wind-Driven Ocean Gyres

Intrinsic low-frequency variability is studied in the idealized, quasigeostrophic, midlatitude, wind-driven ocean gyres operating at large Reynolds number. A robust decadal variability mode driven by the transient mesoscale eddies is found and analyzed. The variability is a turbulent phenomenon, which is driven by the competition between the eddy rectification process and the potential vorticity anomalies induced by changes of the intergyre transport.
A Liberal Defence of Compulsory Voting

At first sight, it might seem difficult to defend compulsory voting from a liberal point of view. Indeed, compulsory voting is widely considered as a breach of individual rights – even if such a minor restriction may be justified for the sake of common good. In this article, I challenge such an interpretation and I present a case for a non-utilitarian conception of compulsory voting. I first emphasise the importance of political participation in the liberal paradigm. I then insist on the notions of autonomy and equal liberty which legitimate compulsory voting in the name of the very principles of political liberalism.
Characterization and Antibacterial activity of an Isoflavone from the Sudanese Material of Moringa Oleifera

The leaves of M. oleifera are highly nutritious and could be a source of dietary supplement being rich in carbohydrates, proteins and amino acids. A preliminary phytochemical screening of the leaves of Moringa oleifera was conducted using 95% ethanol. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, triterpenoids, flavonoids and saponins. The authors report on the first isolation of an isoflavone (2,6,5-trimethyl-8,3dimethoxyisoflavone) from the leaves of Moringa oleifera . It was isolated from the hexane fraction by column chromatography. The structure was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data (IR, UV, EIMS and HNMR). The ethanol extract and the isolated isoflavone were screened for in vitro antibacterial activity against four standard microbes, Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923G +ve), Escherichia coli (ATCC25922G –ve), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27853G-ve) and Proteus vulgaris (NCTC8196). The ethanol crude gave strong inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923G +ve) and moderate inhibition against the other three microbes. The isolated isoflavone showed varying degrees of antibacterial activities against the tested microbes. M. oleifera leaves are a source of various phytochemicals. It has strong antibacterial activity. More pharmacological studies must be carried to support the use of M. oleifera as a medicinal plant.
Hatching responses of four newt species to predatory fish chemical cues

For organisms with complex life cycles, hatching represents a crucial life history switch point that is often associated with high mortality rates due to predation. Not surprisingly, embryos and hatchlings of many species develop predator-induced behavioural and/or morphological responses to reduce the likelihood of mortality. Using laboratory experiments, we examined the effects of constant exposure to predator chemical cues (brown trout, Salmo trutta) on the hatching characteristics and hatchling morphology of four newt species (genus Triturus). Exposure to predator cues did not affect the timing of hatching, but led to an earlier development stage at hatching and smaller hatchling size. Furthermore, hatchlings exposed to predator chemical cues during embryonic development had shorter and shallower heads, shorter tails, and shallower tail muscles and tail fins relative to their body size than control animals. According to information available from previous studies, these morphological responses are unlikely to enhance the probability of larval survival under elevated predation risk. Hence, these morphological responses might represent non-adaptive developmental costs associated with the presence of predators.
Modelling and trading the Greek stock market with mixed neural network models

In this article, a mixed methodology that combines both the Autoregressive Moving Average Model (ARMA) and Neural Network Regression (NNR) models is proposed to take advantage of the unique strength of ARMA and NNR models in linear and nonlinear modelling. Experimental results with real data sets indicate that the combined model can be an effective way to improve forecasting accuracy achieved by either of the models used separately. The purpose for this article is to investigate the use of alternative novel neural network architectures when applied to the task of forecasting and trading the Athens Stock Exchange (ASE) 20 Greek Index using only autoregressive terms as inputs. This is done by benchmarking the forecasting performance of six different neural network designs representing a Higher Order Neural Network (HONN), a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), a classic Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), a mixed-HONN, a mixed-RNN and a mixed-MP neural network with some traditional techniques, either statistical such as a an ARMA, or technical such as a Moving Average Convergence/Divergence (MACD) model, plus a naïve trading strategy. More specifically, the trading performance of all models is investigated in a forecast and trading simulation on ASE 20 time series over the period 2001 to 2008 using the last one and a half year for out-of-sample testing. We use the ASE 20 daily series as many financial institutions are ready to trade at this level and it is therefore possible to leave orders with a bank for business to be transacted on that basis. As it turns out, the mixed-HONNs do remarkably well and outperform all other models in a simple trading simulation exercise. However, when more sophisticated trading strategies using confirmation filters and leverage are applied, the mixed-MLP network produces better results and outperforms all other neural network and traditional statistical models in terms of annualized return. On the other hand, the Hybrid-HONNs shows a superiority after all sophisticated strategies, as filters and leverage, have been used in terms of annualized return as Dunis et al. (2010) mention in a recent paper.
Extracting Invariant Features From Images Using An Equivariant Autoencoder

Convolutional Neural Networks achieve state of the art results in many image recognition tasks. While their structure makes predictions invariant to small translations, some recognition tasks require invariance to other transformations, like rotation and reflection. We apply group convolutions to build an Equivariant Autoencoder with embeddings that change predictably under the specified set of transformations. We then introduce two approaches to extracting invariant features from these embeddings—Gram Pooling and Equivariant Attention. These two methods separate transformation-relevant information from all other image features. We use obtained embeddings in classification and clustering tasks and show an improvement of the classification quality on the learned embeddings compared to pure autoencoder and average pooling method. A visualization of the learned manifold shows that objects of the same class tend to cluster together, which was not observed for the pure autoencoder embeddings.
Dynamic Diffusion with Disadoption: The Case of Crop Biotechnology in the USA

Controversy over the use of genetically engineered (GE) crops may have induced some farmers to disadopt these seeds, making a traditional diffusion model inappropriate. In this study, we develop and estimate a dynamic diffusion model, examine the diffusion paths of GE corn, soybeans, and cotton, predict the adoption of those crops over the next two years, and explore the main determinants of the diffusion rate. Our estimates indicate that future growth of Bt crops will be slower or negative, depending mainly on the infestation levels of the target pests. Adoption of herbicide-tolerant soybeans and cotton will continue to increase, unless consumer sentiment in the United States changes radically.
Statistical analysis of hydroclimatic time series: Uncertainty and insights

Today, hydrologic research and modeling depends largely on climatological inputs, whose physical and statistical behavior are the subject of many debates in the scientific community. A relevant ongoing discussion is focused on long‐term persistence (LTP), a natural behavior identified in several studies of instrumental and proxy hydroclimatic time series, which, nevertheless, is neglected in some climatological studies. LTP may reflect a long‐term variability of several factors and thus can support a more complete physical understanding and uncertainty characterization of climate. The implications of LTP in hydroclimatic research, especially in statistical questions and problems, may be substantial but appear to be not fully understood or recognized. To offer insights on these implications, we demonstrate by using analytical methods that the characteristics of temperature series, which appear to be compatible with the LTP hypothesis, imply a dramatic increase of uncertainty in statistical estimation and reduction of significance in statistical testing, in comparison with classical statistics. Therefore we maintain that statistical analysis in hydroclimatic research should be revisited in order not to derive misleading results and simultaneously that merely statistical arguments do not suffice to verify or falsify the LTP (or another) climatic hypothesis.
Accelerated EPRI Using Partial Fourier Compressed Sensing Reconstruction

Accelerated EPRI Using Partial Fourier Compressed Sensing Reconstruction Vijayasarathi Nagarajan, Taehoon Shin, Chia Chu Chou, Sankaran Subramanian, Murali Cherukuri, Alan McMillan, Rao Gullapalli, and Jiachen Zhuo Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, United States, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, United States
Toxicity of cadmium on larvae of Palaemon adspersus Rathke, 1837 from the Black Sea

*Corresponding author: Levent Bat, Fisheries Faculty, Department of Hydrobiology, Sinop University, TR57000 Sinop, Turkey. Tel: +90 3682876254 E-mail: leventbat@gmail.com Foundation Project: Supported by the University of Sinop, Fisheries Faculty, Department of Hydrobiology (Grant No. S.049). The journal implements double-blind peer review practiced by specially invited international editorial board members.
Twisted cubics and quadruples of points on cubic surfaces

We study relations in the Grothendieck ring of varieties which connect the Hilbert scheme of points on a cubic hypersurface $Y$ with a certain moduli space of twisted cubic curves on $Y$. These relations are generalizations of the "beautiful" $Y$-$F(Y)$ relation by Galkin and Shinder which connects $Y$ with the Hilbert scheme of two points on $Y$ and the Fano variety $F(Y)$ of lines on $Y$. We concentrate mostly on the case of cubic surfaces. The symmetries of $27$ lines on a smooth cubic surface give a lot of restrictions on possible forms of the relations.
Multilevel Optimal Transport: A Fast Approximation of Wasserstein-1 Distances

We propose a fast algorithm for the calculation of the Wasserstein-1 distance, which is a particular type of optimal transport distance with homogeneous of degree one ground metric. Our algorithm is built on multilevel primal-dual algorithms. Several numerical examples and complexity analysis are provided to demonstrate its computational speed. On some commonly used image examples of size $512\times512$, the proposed algorithm gives solutions within $0.5$ seconds on a single CPU, which is much faster than the state-of-the-art algorithms.
Length and Age Trends of Chinook Salmon in the Nushagak River, Alaska, Related to Commercial and Recreational Fishery Selection and Exploitation

Abstract Long-term trends in fish age and size at maturation provide important insights into population stability as they are affected by changes in growing conditions. Fishery exploitation and selection can also induce such trends. It is important to identify the causes of changing life history patterns because they affect population dynamics and productivity. Average body sizes or ages of many western North American populations of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, including the Nushagak River population in Bristol Bay, Alaska, have declined over the past several decades. This population is caught in commercial, recreational, and subsistence fisheries and therefore represents an opportunity to compare fishery exploitation and selection and to examine their possible effects. We compiled data and examined trends in size and age at maturation between 1981 and 2009, and we then quantified commercial and recreational fishery exploitation and selection rates. The average age and lengths at most ages of .
The Inflation Target and the Equilibrium Real Rate

Many economists have proposed raising the inflation target to reduce the probability of hitting the zero lower bound (ZLB). It is both a common assumption and a feature of standard models that raising the inflation target does not impact the equilibrium real rate. I demonstrate that in the New Keynesian model, once heterogeneity is introduced, raising the inflation target causes the equilibrium real rate to fall. This implies that raising the inflation target will increase the nominal interest rate by less than expected and thus will be less effective in reducing the probability of hitting the ZLB. The channel involves a rise in the inflation target lowering the average markup by price rigidities and a fall in the average markup lowering the equilibrium real rate by household heterogeneity, which could come from overlapping generations or idiosyncratic labor shocks. I find that raising the inflation target from 2 percent to 4 percent lowers the equilibrium real rate between 3 and 28 basis points. Since raising inflation lowers the equilibrium real rate, it might seem optimal to raise inflation by more in response to the ZLB. However, this channel also implies that the marginal benefit of raising inflation is lower because a given increase in inflation raises the nominal interest rate by less and thus is less effective at preventing the ZLB. In a welfare simulation, these two effects approximately cancel out each other. Therefore, even though this channel implies that raising the inflation target is less effective in preventing the ZLB, the inflation target should still be raised by a similar amount in response to the problem of the ZLB.
Semi-Automatic Indoor Fingerprinting Database Crowdsourcing with Continuous Movements and Social Contacts

Indoor localisation helps monitoring the positions of a person inside a building, without GPS coverage. In the past decade, much research effort have been invested into Indoor Fingerprinting, which is considered one of the most effective indoor tracking methods to date. In recent years, some researches started looking at crowdsourcing the fingerprinting database with the contributions from indoor users via mobile phones or laptop PCs. However, the crowdsourcing process was greatly limited due to the lack of indoor reference, in contrast to the widespread use of GPS reference for outdoor crowdsourcing. In this paper, we propose a novel idea to crowdsource the fingerprinting database without any preset infrastructure, landmarks, nor using any advanced sensors. Our idea is based on the observations that the users often carry a mobile phone with them, and there are multiple social contacts amongst those users indoor. First, we exploit the user’s continuous movement indoor to refine the location prediction set. Our approach can be applied to enhance other systems. Second, we use a unique concept to detect the indoor social contacts with NFC by tapping the back of the 2 phones together. Third, we propose a novel idea to combine this social contact and the user’s continuous movements to identify the exact entries with confidence in the fingerprinting database that need updating for crowdsourcing. Finally, we share our thoughts on automating the crowdsourcing process without any user input.