Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exact and approximate computation of critical values of the largest root test in high dimension

Abstract The difficulty to efficiently compute the null distribution of the largest eigenvalue of a MANOVA matrix has hindered the wider applicability of Roy’s Largest Root Test (RLRT) though it was proposed over six decades ago. Recent progress made by Johnstone, Butler and Paige and Chiani has greatly simplified the approximate and exact computation of the critical values of RLRT. When datasets are high dimensional (HD), Chiani’s numerical algorithm of exact computation may not give reliable results due to truncation error, and Johnstone’s approximation method via Tracy-Widom distribution is likely to give a good approximation. In this paper, we conduct comparative studies to study in which region the exact method gives reliable numerical values, and in which region Johnstone’s method gives a good quality approximation. We formulate recommendations to inform practitioners of RLRT. We also conduct simulation studies in the high dimensional setting to examine the robustness of RLRT against normality assumption in populations. Our study provides support of RLRT robustness against non-normality in HD.
Treatment of Ipsilateral Breast Cancer Recurrence (IBCR) after Breast Conservation Therapy (BCT) Therapie des ipsilateralen in-Brust-Rezidivs (IBR) nach brusterhaltender Therapie (BET)

Abstract In-breast recurrence or ipsilateral breast cancer recurrence (IBCR) suspected by imaging or palpation, second primary carcinoma and any distant metastases should be ruled out by core biopsy prior to breast surgery. The surgical standard in IBCR management is salvage mastectomy. Increasingly, however, patients express a justified desire for breast conservation in IBCR. In favourable relations of tumour and breast size, long interval between primary disease and IBCR recurrence, favourable tumour biology and ruled out distant metastases, re-BCT may be an option. As patients usually have undergone adjuvant radiotherapy already, re-radiotherapy (brachytherapy/percutaneous RT) should be explored. Systemic management must be based on tumour biology and prior treatment. While the risk of local recurrence increases following re-BCT, overall survival is not compromised. Zusammenfassung Bei einem durch bildgebende Verfahren oder Tastbefund vermuteten In-Brust-Rezidiv (IBR) sollte vor der Brustoperation durch Stanzbiopsie ein Zweitkarzinom und das Vorliegen von Fernmetastasen ausgeschlossen werden. Den operativen Standard in der Behandlung eines IBR stellt die Salvagemastektomie dar. Immer häufiger wird jedoch der berechtigte Wunsch nach Brusterhaltung geäußert. Bei entsprechendem Wunsch, günstiger Rezidivtumorgröße zur Brustgröße, langem zeitlichem Intervall zur Primärerkrankung, günstiger Tumorbiologie und Ausschluss von Fernmetastasen kann auch eine Re-BET erfolgen. Da in der Regel bereits eine adjuvante Strahlentherapie erfolgt ist, sollte die erneute Bestrahlung (Brachytherapie/perkutane RT) geprüft werden. Die Systemtherapie muss sich an der Tumorbiologie und den Vortherapien orientieren. Nach einer Re-BET ist das erneute lokale Rezidivrisiko zwar erhöht, das Gesamtüberleben wird aber nicht verschlechtert.
Analysis of Factors Influencing Students to Enroll in Medical Record and Health Information Program at the School of Health Sciences Panakkukang Makassar, South Sulawesi

One of the principles of higher education is freedom in choosing a study program based on the student’s interests and abilities. These elements influence the student’s decisions in choosing a college/university. School of Health Sciences Panakkukang, one of the tertiary institutions organizing the D-3 Medical Records and Health Information (RMIK) Study Programs, is becoming an increasingly popular choice. This can be seen from the number of students enrolled (214 in 2016, 225 in 2017, 177 in 2018, and 122 in 2019). The students’ decision to choose the Study Program is influenced by cultural, social and personal factors. This study’s objective is to determine the effect of these factors on the selection of Study Programs. This research uses a descriptive analytic quantitative approach with a cross-sectional research design. The study population was 524 students with a sample of 84 respondents taken proportionally (20 first-year students, 28 second-year students and 36 thirdyear students). The results showed that the cultural and personal factors did not significantly influence the selection of D-3 RMIK Study Programs with sig. cultural factors of 0.595> 0.05, personal factors with sig. of 0.197> 0.05. While the social factors significantly influence the selection of D-3 RMIK Study Programs with sig. of 0.000 <0.05. The cultural, social and personal factors have a combined effect of 33.8%. Keywords: cultural, social, personal factors.
Qualitative and quantitative methods show stability in patterns of Cepaea nemoralis shell polymorphism in the Pyrenees over five decades

Abstract Over the past century, the study of animal color has been critical in establishing some of the founding principles of biology, especially in genetics and evolution. In this regard, one of the emerging strengths of working with the land snail genus Cepaea is that historical collections can be compared against modern‐day samples, for instance, to understand the impact of changing climate and habitat upon shell morph frequencies. However, one potential limitation is that prior studies scored shell ground color by eye into three discrete colours yellow, pink, or brown. This incurs both potential error and bias in comparative surveys. In this study, we therefore aimed to use a quantitative method to score shell color and evaluated it by comparing patterns of C. nemoralis shell color polymorphism in the Pyrenees, using both methods on present‐day samples, and against historical data gathered in the 1960s using the traditional method. The main finding was that while quantitative measures of shell color reduced the possibility of error and standardized the procedure, the same altitudinal trends were recovered, irrespective of the method. The results also showed that there was a general stability in the local shell patterns over five decades, including altitudinal clines, with just some exceptions. Therefore, although subject to potential error human scoring of snail color data remains valuable, especially if persons have appropriate training. In comparison, while there are benefits in taking quantitative measures of color in the laboratory, there are also several practical disadvantages, mainly in terms of throughput and accessibility. In the future, we anticipate that genomic methods may be used to understand the potential role of selection in maintaining shell morph clines. In addition, photographs generated by citizen scientists conducting field surveys may be used with deep learning‐based methods to survey color patterns.
Household recycling and Millennials: A case study of the city of Johannesburg, South Africa

ABSTRACT Increasing waste quantities are hampering the City of Johannesburg to prolong the lifespan of landfill sites while attempting to adopt an integrated solid waste management approach. Although all inhabitants need to play a meaningful role in reducing this burden, Millennials have an even more crucial contribution to make as they constitute 34.3% of the local population. By means of questionnaire-administered interviews, this case study investigated knowledge of recycling benefits, participation levels and reasons for non-participation among Millennials in Johannesburg. Five hypotheses were also tested to assess the relationship between recycling behaviour and socio-demographical attributes. It was found that although the majority of respondents understood the benefits of recycling, 61.1% were not involved in waste recycling. Also, the respondent's attributes did not influence their recycling behaviour. It is, therefore, recommended that the city's management should provide recycling facilities at accessible distances so that waste sorting and recovery rates can be enhanced.
Exploring consumers’ impulse buying behavior on online apparel websites: An empirical investigation on consumer perceptions

In the information age, more and more people are buying products on the Internet. Impulsive buying within the online shopping research is gradually receiving more attention, as it contributes significantly to online retail profit. This study proposed a research model based on the Stimulus Organism Response (S-O-R) framework to finding the antecedents of consumer reaction and behavior, specifically to distinguish task-relevant stimuli (price attribute and convenience; i.e. TR cues) and mood-relevant stimuli (visual appeal, social influence, vendor creativity; i.e. MR cues), perceived usefulness and perceived enjoyment to explore which factors affect online impulse buying behavior. Data from 446 customers who bought apparel products online were collected to evaluate the research model. The results indicate that convenience, visual appeal, social influence, and the vendor's creativity have a positive impact on perceived usefulness; price attribute, visual appeal, social influence, and the vendor's creativity have a positive impact on perceived enjoyment. The results also indicate that convenience and social influence are the two strongest predictors of perceived usefulness and perceived enjoyment respectively. Also, it was observed that impulse buying tendency and perceived enjoyment both signiﬁcantly affect consumers’ urge to buy impulsively, whereas perceived usefulness indirectly inﬂuences consumers’ urge to buy impulsively through perceived enjoyment.
A firefly based approach for scheduling of tasks for fog networks

The Internet of Things (IoT) is an area that is expanding at a rapid rate, and it is anticipated that it will connect billions of objects in the not-too-distant future. This will lead to an explosion of data and an increase in the demand for processingpower at the at the network's perimeter. To process data locally and in real-time, a new paradigm known as “fog computing” is moving computation and storage closer to the network's edge. In fog computing, task scheduling is crucial since it defines which devices will perform which tasks. In this research, we propose a firefly algorithm for task scheduling on fog devices. The flashing activity of fireflies served as inspiration for the development of the firefly algorithm, a population-based metaheuristic optimization algorithm. We implement the algorithm in Java and use theiFogSim simulator for performance evaluation of the algorithm. The results of the experiments proved that the firefly algorithmis a promising approach for task scheduling on fog devices. From the experiments performed its shows that firefly algorithm is ableto perform well in minimizing energy consumption's, resource optimizations. and this methodology can be used as a starting point in the field of task scheduling.
Contactless Academia – The Case for Automated Essay Scoring (AES) System in COVID 19 Pandemic

Background: The 2019 SAR COV- 2 outbreak ushered and made the term ‘contactless’ a new normal for most businesses as a mitigation measure to risky coronavirus exposure. Similarly, there are several exposure scenarios in higher education where contact poses a threat. One of which is the handling and marking of essay scripts from assignments, task, research outputs and more. An invaluable measure worth considering is the inclusion of ‘Automated Essay Scoring’ (AES) system in the mitigation toolkits for higher institutions of learning. Objectives: We conducted this scoping review to identify the suitability of AES products in higher education and examine the type of methods used to present these products. Methods: This study was undertaken in the form of a scoping review using the Prisma flow sequence of literature search and selection from 6 databases. Findings: Different AES products, literatures and research designs were employed in the investigation of AES products. The outcome of reviewed literatures varied on suitability of AES in scoring essay task in Higher Institution of Learning. Conclusion: There exist substantial case for the use of AES in most literatures amongst few opposing authors; however, in order to achieve contactless interface with human and materials in COVID 19 pandemic, AES should be used with triggers for human raters’ intervention in exceptional cases.
Simultaneous AMCW ToF Camera and FMCW Radar Simulation

As two of the main sensors utilized in robotics, environment representation and navigation, ToF cameras and radars are often combined in sensor fusion frameworks. Realistic and complete simulation plays a crucial role in fast prototyping, performance assessment, and model analysis of systems relying on these sensing technologies. Typical simulation environments, however, don't model key characteristics, such as the radar sensor's time domain raw data, antenna arrays' structure, or parasitic effects of depth estimation of ToF cameras. This article presents a simultaneous ToF camera and radar simulation based on the Unity 3D engine. The two sensors are modeled from a single custom RGB camera object and are inherently time synchronized. The simulation provides ToF depth and intensity estimates, together with time domain radar data and realistic detrimental effects, allowing testing of standard post-processing algorithms. Several parameters can be configured, such as field of view, modulation characteristics, and the number and position of antennas. Moreover, simulation objects can have different material properties for the two sensors making them more or less visible for each sensor. The approach focuses on user-friendly, realistic sensor simulation while keeping computational complexity within acceptable limits to ensure applicability. The capabilities of the proposed simulator are validated by comparing real and simulated sensors in different scenarios.
The Hydrogeomorphic History of Garu Crater: Implications and Constraints on the Timing of Large Late‐Stage Lakes in the Gale Crater Region

Paleolake deposits offer a valuable record for constraining ancient Martian environments and climate. Gale crater provides extensive evidence for a long and complex history of lakes; however, the exact timing, source of water, and climate under which these large lakes persisted are still unclear. We examined the geomorphology and mineralogy of Garu crater, an ∼30 km diameter crater ∼150 km to the east of Gale crater with an age of ∼3.5 Ga (Hesperian). Garu hosts a large NE‐prograding sedimentary deposit that emanates from an incised bedrock canyon. Based on detailed geomorphic analysis, we infer it to be a Gilbert‐type delta that records steadily rising water levels over 104–105 years. This aggradational stage is followed by a period of rapid desiccation, which is evidenced by a lack of post‐depositional incision into the delta. Coupled surficial and groundwater modeling and paleo‐flow analysis suggest that the highest mapped lake stand in Garu would have been coeval with one of the largest late‐stage lakes in Gale. Both lake stands would have been supported by groundwater and surface runoff, under a semiarid climate. Unlike Gale, there is no spectral evidence for salts in Garu, which suggests that lacustrine sedimentation in Garu occurred after the deposition of the sulfate layers within Gale's central sedimentary mound. The hydrogeomorphologic record of Garu crater suggests that the climatic conditions that allowed for late Hesperian lakes in Gale crater were not isolated, and other nearby craters and basins may have responded to similar forcings from a regionally integrated hydrologic system.
Role of the multiple efflux pump protein TolC on growth, morphology, and biofilm formation under nitric oxide stress in Cronobacter malonaticus

Graphical Abstract Summary:Cronobacter species are a group of gram-negative foodborne pathogens that cause severe diseases, including neonatal meningitis, septicemia, and necrotizing enterocolitis, especially in newborns and infants consuming contaminated powdered infant formula. In this study, we demonstrated that TolC, a protein component of a multidrug efflux pump in gram-negative bacteria, significantly contributes to tolerance to nitric oxide stress in Cronobacter malonaticus, providing a new perspective on prevention and control of infections caused by Cronobacter species.
Prevalence of Complications of Diabetes and Risk Factors Among Patients with Diabetes in the Diabetes Clinic in Southeast of Iran

iabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disease that shows the phenotype of hyperglycemia. DM is caused by the complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimated that approximately 463 million adults (20-79 years) lived with diabetes in 2019, and this D 1. MD, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. 2. MD, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran. 3. Ph.D., Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Quantification of Cation Sorption to Engineered Barrier Materials Under Extreme Conditions

Modeling or predicting actinide sorption processes in the environment requires both a fundamental understanding of actinide sorption mechanisms, and the availability of thermodynamic constants which are valid over a wide range of conditions. Reaction enthalpies are particularly important for modeling actinide sorption at temperatures other than 25 °C. However, few researchers have quantified this thermodynamic parameter. In this work, we demonstrate the combined use of isothermal titration calorimetry and surface complexation modeling to quantify the enthalpy of Eu(III) (a trivalent actinide analog) sorption onto hematite. The cumulative measured heat from four titrations, in which 0.01 M NaOH was injected into a hematite suspension containing Eu(III), was combined to quantify the sorption enthalpy. The calculated enthalpy for Eu(III) sorption onto hematite (I = 0.01 M NaCl) was 127.81 ± 2.84 kJ mol–1, which agreed well with a previously reported van’t Hoff enthalpy.
Towards Energy Efficient Functional Split and Baseband Function Placement for 5G RAN

The energy efficiency of 5G and beyond 5G(B5G) networks is critical for reducing the high operational expenditure (OPEX) of mobile network operators. In 5G RAN, functional split enables the disaggregation of baseband functions, which significantly increases energy efficiency but induces various challenges in the placement of baseband functions. Various recent works have focused on addressing these challenges; however, most of the solutions do not consider the delay and data rate requirements of different slices as well as different functional splits. In this work, we aim to develop an energy-efficient baseband function placement strategy that jointly considers different functional splits and network slice-specific requirements. We formulate an Integer Linear Program (ILP) based optimization model to minimize the energy consumption in the network by selecting appropriate functional split and baseband function placement options for RAN slices. We show that our proposed model outperforms the baseline strategies in providing energy efficient baseband function placement solution. To tackle the computational complexity of ILP, we also design a polynomial time heuristic algorithm that can be applied in large-scale scenarios.
The Hydration and Compressive Strength of Cement Mortar Prepared by Calcium Acetate Solution

Calcium acetate is the major component of the waste solution produced in treating recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) with acetic acid. Thus, the current work aims to explore the influence of calcium acetate solution on the performance of ordinary Portland cement. For this purpose, cement pastes and mortars were prepared using different concentrations, namely, 1, 2, and 3%, of calcium acetate solution. The heat evolution results confirmed that the calcium acetate solution at a concentration of 2% could accelerate the hydration of the cement. The XRD/TGA results and SEM images also indicated that more ettringite and calcium hydroxide (CH) are produced in the mortars prepared by the 2% calcium acetate solution. Moreover, the mortar containing the 2% calcium acetate solution has a denser microstructure than the control group according to the MIP tests results, and mortars cured for 3 and 28 days have a respective compressive strength, 23.34 and 15.43%, higher than the control group. The finding of this research could also contribute to studying the effect of adding metal ions to weakly acidic solutions as mixing liquids on the performance of cementitious materials.
The effects of a social service project on personal growth and academic performance in secondary school students from low socioeconomic status

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a social service project for disadvantaged students through pretest–posttest study design and qualitative interviews. All students joining the service project were invited to participate in this study. Data on personal growth and academic performance (exam scores and class ranks) before and after joining the project were collected. Two focus group interviews were conducted to explore the strengths and limitations of the project. Paired t-test and generalized estimating equation model and content analysis were conducted to analyse quantitative and qualitative data, respectively. Results showed significant improvements in personal growth including self-esteem, academic performance, interpersonal relationship and personal goal setting (all p < 0.05); while exam scores and class ranks were not improved. ‘Being empathic’, ‘self-awareness’ and ‘interpersonal relationship’ emerged from the qualitative interviews as the strength of the project; short duration, lack of follow up and practical strategies in the service contents were concerned as limitations of the project. To conclude, this social service project was proven effective in empowering the personal growth of disadvantaged youth.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) A regional geography of gentrification, displacement, and the suburbanisation of poverty: Towards an extended research agenda

Gentrification is now a common feature of contemporary cities. The process has extended its spatial reach from urban cores into neighbourhoods previously deemed unlikely to gentrify. More recently, scholars have identified an intensifying suburbanisation of poverty reshaping socio ‐ spatial inequalities. In this paper we argue that it is increasingly urgent to integrate analyses of gentrification with those on the suburbanisation of poverty. The two processes are fundamentally related through the displacement and exclusion of disadvantaged populations. Drawing on Dutch full ‐ population register data for the 2005 – 2015 period