Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Targeting Sub-Watersheds with Conservation Practices Using SWAT model and GISTechniques in Libya

Rainfall in the arid and semi arid areas is limited with high spatial and temporal variability resulting in low water productivity. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) and supplemental irrigation (SI) can improve water productivity, control erosion and contribute to adaptation to climate change and variability. The possibility of implementing RWH and SI depends on climate, hydrology, vegetation, agriculture practices, and soils. One common reason for low adoption of improved land and water management practices is the lack of systematic knowledge on potential areas and suitable locations for these interventions. This study aimed to identify areas within watersheds that are most suitable for RWH and SI, to maximize the benefits from their implementation. SWAT (Soil Water Assessment Tool) was used to identify suitable areas in four watersheds in eastern and western Libya. The paper presents a methodology that enable water managers to assess the suitability for RWH and SI for such large watershed areas (87-900 km2). GIS layers including digital elevation model (DEM), soil data, and land use were used to characterize the watershed for modeling. Data from eleven weather stations for eleven years (2000-2010) were used for simulation. Model output was used to assess hydrological process by estimating runoff coefficient (rainfall: runoff) in each sub-watershed and hydrologic response unit (HRU). Runoff coefficients at HRUs varied from zero to 0.23, with significant variation among the four watersheds. Areas where RWH and SI can be implemented can be identified based on runoff coefficient at field scale, while other techniques such as large dams can be placed on the stream network where high runoff is generated. These results were integrated with GIS layers of land use, soil and community distribution to identify potential sites for RWH and SI techniques. Results also indicate variable areas as suitable for RWH and SI for different watersheds. The results of the hydrological models were integrated with biophysical and socio-economic information to provide a useful tool to target RWH and SI as part of sustainable planning at watersheds level. This approach appreciate the role of spatial variability within watersheds and the importance of multi-disciplinary integration as viable tools for sustainable resource planning in the dry environment and under climate change scenarios.
Internalized homophobia in Russia

objective. The goal of this study was to empirically verify that the combination of negative attitudes of LGB people towards homosexuality in general and to their own personal characteristics associated with a gay orientation has a negative impact on their self-esteem. design. To test this hypothesis we adapted and standardized the Russian version of the personal homonegativity scale (Mayfield, 2001). Using the adapted measure, we studied how personal homonegativity affects the self-esteem of LGB people. We explored the reliability and validity of the adapted measure with 92 gay respondents aged over 21. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a two-scale structure — the method was proved. The modified measure includes ten statements divided into two scales: Homonegativity (internalized homophobia; Cronbach’s alpha =0.96) and Acceptance of one’s own homosexuality (Cronbach alpha’s = 0.88). The results indicated that the adapted measure was suitable for assessing internalized homonegativity among gay individuals in Russia. Results. More than a half of the respondents (55.4 %) had a rather low level of internalized homophobia which was related to fewer neurotic symptoms and emotional discomfort in comparison with other respondents. However, a higher level of internalized homophobia in remaining respondents (44.6 %) was related to a more positive emotional acceptance of their own homosexuality and to a higher level of self-esteem. conclusion. The results of the analyses of the original hypothesis were confirmed only partially. Internalized homophobia of LGB people appeared to adversely affect the severity of neurotic symptoms and subjective well-being.
The Alhama de Murcia fault (SE Spain), a seismogenic fault in a diffuse plate boundary: Seismotectonic implications for the Ibero‐Magrebian region

Received 20 December 2002; revised 15 September 2003; accepted 26 September 2003; published 2 January 2004. [1] The shortening between the African and the Iberian plates is absorbed by a number of faults distributed over a very wide zone with very low slip rates and long periods of seismic loading. Thus a seismotectonic map based only on faults associated with seismicity or with expressive geomorphic features is incomplete. It is possible to characterize seismogenic faults using paleoseismology. First, paleoseismological results based on trenching analysis in the eastern Betics (Lorca-Totana segment of the Alhama de Murcia fault) are presented. The main paleoseismic parameters of this fault segment are (1) a minimum of two to three Mw 6.5‐7 earthquakes in the last 27 kyr (shortly before 1650 A.D., between 830 and 2130 B.C. and shortly before 16.7 ka, respectively), with a mean recurrence period of 14 kyr, and a very short elapsed time, and (2) a net slip rate of 0.07‐0.6 mm/yr during the last 30 kyr. These results were extrapolated to the rest of the known active faults in the eastern Betics and were added to the slip rates of the active faults at the African margin. The total slip rate of the transect, which crosses de Alhama de Murcia fault in Spain and reaches the Cheliff basin (Algeria), would represent 21‐82% of the total shortening between Africa and Eurasia estimated from plate motion models and seismic moment summation. A number of factors could account for this discrepancy: (1) hidden seismogenic faults in the emerged areas, (2) absence of correlation between current and late Pleistocene slip rates, (3) extensive small faults that are undetected and that absorb a significant amount of the deformation, and (4) possible overestimation of the convergence rates. INDEX TERMS: 7221 Seismology: Paleoseismology; 7230 Seismology: Seismicity and seismotectonics; 7215 Seismology: Earthquake parameters; 8150 Tectonophysics: Plate boundary— general (3040); KEYWORDS: eastern Betics, Alhama de Murcia fault, paleoseismology, trenching, seismotectonics, plate boundary
Interactive comment on “ Data assimilation of GRACE terrestrial water storage estimates into a regional hydrological model of the Rhine River basin ” by N

Comment1: There is a gap between the results analysis and the conclusions: Page 11857, line 3: “Though it is encouraging that GRACE assimilation improved the estimated streamflow, these results demonstrate that it clearly cannot replace high quality forcing data or good model calibration” P11859, line 3: in conclusion “GRACE assimilation is clearly beneficial . From my point of view, there is no clear evidence of
A generalised-Lagrangian-mean model of the interactions between near-inertial waves and mean flow

Wind forcing of the ocean generates a spectrum of inertia–gravity waves that is sharply peaked near the local inertial (or Coriolis) frequency. The corresponding near-inertial waves (NIWs) are highly energetic and play a significant role in the slow, large-scale dynamics of the ocean. To analyse this role, we develop a new model of the non-dissipative interactions between NIWs and balanced motion. The model is derived using the generalised-Lagrangian-mean (GLM) framework (specifically, the ‘glm’ variant of Soward & Roberts, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 661, 2010, pp. 45–72), taking advantage of the time-scale separation between the two types of motion to average over the short NIW period. We combine Salmon’s (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 719, 2013, pp. 165–182) variational formulation of GLM with Whitham averaging to obtain a system of equations governing the joint evolution of NIWs and mean flow. Assuming that the mean flow is geostrophically balanced reduces this system to a simple model coupling Young & Ben Jelloul’s (J. Mar. Res., vol. 55, 1997, pp. 735–766) equation for NIWs with a modified quasi-geostrophic (QG) equation. In this coupled model, the mean flow affects the NIWs through advection and refraction; conversely, the NIWs affect the mean flow by modifying the potential-vorticity (PV) inversion – the relation between advected PV and advecting mean velocity – through a quadratic wave term, consistent with the GLM results of Bühler & McIntyre (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 354, 1998, pp. 301–343). The coupled model is Hamiltonian and its conservation laws, for wave action and energy in particular, prove illuminating: on their basis, we identify a new interaction mechanism whereby NIWs forced at large scales extract energy from the balanced flow as their horizontal scale is reduced by differential advection and refraction so that their potential energy increases. A rough estimate suggests that this mechanism could provide a significant sink of energy for mesoscale motion and play a part in the global energetics of the ocean. Idealised two-dimensional models are derived and simulated numerically to gain insight into NIW–mean-flow interaction processes. A simulation of a one-dimensional barotropic jet demonstrates how NIWs forced by wind slow down the jet as they propagate into the ocean interior. A simulation assuming plane travelling NIWs in the vertical shows how a vortex dipole is deflected by NIWs, illustrating the irreversible nature of the interactions. In both simulations energy is transferred from the mean flow to the NIWs.
Design and analysis of a 3-DOF planar micromanipulation stage with large rotational displacement for micromanipulation system

Abstract. Flexure-based mechanisms have been widely used for scanning tunneling microscopy, nanoimprint lithography, fast servo tool system and micro/nano manipulation. In this paper, a novel planar micromanipulation stage with large rotational displacement is proposed. The designed monolithic manipulator has three degrees of freedom (DOF), i.e. two translations along the X and Y axes and one rotation around Z axis. In order to get a large workspace, the lever mechanism is adopted to magnify the stroke of the piezoelectric actuators and also the leaf beam flexure is utilized due to its large rotational scope. Different from conventional pre-tightening mechanism, a modified pre-tightening mechanism, which is less harmful to the stacked actuators, is proposed in this paper. Taking the circular flexure hinges and leaf beam flexures hinges as revolute joints, the forward kinematics and inverse kinematics models of this stage are derived. The workspace of the micromanipulator is finally obtained, which is based on the derived kinematic models.
Stereochemistry of spermidine synthase.

The biosynthesis of polyamines is a topic of current interest. A number of methods for the isolation and analysis of these polyamines have been described in the literature. However, the stereochemical course of the biosynthesis of these polyamines is still undefined. After a general introduction to the importance of the polyamines in living cells (Chapter 1), Chapter 2 outlines the materials, methods and the instruments used in this project. In Chapter 3, isolation, separation and analysis of the polyamines via their phenylaminothiocarbonyl derivatives is described. The ¹H and ¹³C n.m. r. spectroscopic analyses of these derivatives are also described. The synthesis of amino acids specifically or stereospecifically labelled with deuterium after some modifications of a literature method, are described in Chapter 4. The biosynthesis of spermidine from putrescine and ²H or ¹³C labelled methionine is described in Chapter 5. This Chapter demonstrates the incorporation of the 3-aminopropyl group of the labelled methionine as an intact unit into spermidine. The condensation reaction between ethanal and 1,3-diaminopropane is described in Chapter 6. The products of such condensations, namely hexahydropyrimidine compounds were acetylated. Full ¹H n.m. r. analysis for the hexahydropyrimidines and their acetyl derivatives are described. Decouplings in some cases are necessary to assure the assignment of the spectrum. The stereochemistry of spermidine synthase is studied in Chapter 7. In this Chapter, hexahydropyrimidine derivatives of stereospecifically labelled biosynthetic [1',2'-²H₂]spermidines were used to define the relative configurations at the labelled methylenes (by 400 MHz ¹H n.m.r. spectroscopy). A definite judgement of the stereochemistry of spermidine synthase necessitated the synthesis of stereospecifically labelled [1',2'-²H₂]spermidines. The hexahydropyrimidines of these spermidines are compared with those of the biosynthetic spermidines obtained from stereospecifically labelled methionines by the action of E. coli cells. The outcome of this work demonstrates the inversion of configuration at C-3 of the 3-aminopropyl group (originally C-4 of methionine) after its incorporation into spermidine.
A Survey on Smartphone Security

This paper proposes a survey on smartphone security from the aspect of mobile malware, specifications related to smartphone security, and smartphone security solutions. The contribution of this paper helps people to quickly know about definition of malware, attack channels and black industry chain of smartphone security, international and domestic mobile security specification, and smartphone security solutions by security vendors.
Different sources and levels of vegetable oils in broiler chicken nutrition

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of soybean, flax and rapeseed oil on productive performance and carcass quality of broilers chickens. At the beginning of the experiment six groups of 40 one day-old chicks, hybrid line Cobb 500 was formed, with five replications. For nutrition two feed mixtures were used. During the first two weeks, in preparation period, chickens were fed with starter mixture, and then with grower mixture until the end of the experiment. Control group was fed with mixture of standard composition and quality based on corn and soybean meal with the addition of 4% and 8% soybean oil, while the experimental group included 4% and 8% flaxseed oil and 4% and 8% rapeseed oil. The experiment lasted 35 days. During the experimental period, chickens were fed and watered ad libitum and microclimatic conditions were constantly monitored. Control of body weight and feed consumption was carried out every seven days. At the end of the experiment 10 chickens from each group were sacrificed for the purpose of testing the carcass quality. Upon completion of the experiment, control group achieved weight of 2122g and 2053g, and the experimental group with flax oil 2164g and 2094g, and the group with rapeseed oil weighs of 2121g and 2081g. Chickens on treatment with 4% flax oil in the diet achieved significantly higher body mass (P 0.05). The largest amount of abdominal fat (18.9 g) was in the group with the addition of 4% rapeseed oil and
The levels of angiogenic and anti-angiogenic molecule concentrations in pregnancy based disorders in the maternal and fetal circulation

OBJECTIVE: To determine if preeclampsia (PE) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with differing levels of angiogenic and anti-angiogenic growth factors in both maternal and fetal circulation and the effect of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and honokiol, an AKT phosphorylation inhibitor, on endothelial cells (EC) on these anti-angiogenic growth factors. DESIGN: 1st test ; Nested case-controlled plasma samples from 165 pregnant patients assayed for soluble vascular endothelial growth factor 1 (sVEGFR-1) soluble endoglin (sEng), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placental growth factor (PlGF) in Spain during 2001-2007. 2nd test; knockdown of HO-1 on EC and assayed to observe the effects on sVEGFR-1 levels released. 3rd test; 24 hour treatment to honokiol, an extract from the magnolia tree, on endothelial cells to observe the effect on sVEGFR-1 and sEng release. RESULTS: In the PE specimens, maternal sVEGFR-1 levels increased more than 3-fold compared with gestational controls, fetals levels remained unchanged. The levels of sEng, and PlGF did not significantly change and the levels of VEGF 8-fold more than the controls. Free sVEGFR-1 was found to be in 4-fold excess in the PE state compared to the gestational control. siRNA of HO-1 was found to cause an elevation in VEGF activated sVEGFR-1 release. Honokiol was found to decrease VEGF activated sVEGFR-1 release with increasing concentration and increase sEng release in the presence of various growth factors. CONCLUSION: There is an excess of sVEGFR-1 present in PE. Heme oxygenase 1 mediates sVEGFR-1 release and honokiol decreases sVEGFR-1 release from EC.
Automatic Train Control based on the Multi-Agent Control of Cooperative Systems

The growing traffic intensity and complexity of the railway systems as well as the demand for higher speed need to new Automatic Train Control (ATC) methods. The conventional ATC system has some problems and in recent years new ATC methods like the Decentralized ATC (D-ATC) and autonomous decentralized ATC are developed which have some advantages. In this paper, an Intelligent Decentralized ATC (ID-ATC) approach based on the Multi-Agent systems theory is developed which can provide high transportation capacity, high-safety and high-reliability. In this method we combine the Voronoi concept of cooperative systems theory with MultiAgent control theory by using of fuzzy control logic. The control algorithms are presented and by using of simulation results the effectiveness of the method is demonstrated.
ASSESSING ACTIVITY ACCESS OF FORAGE OR BIOMASS

Electrolytic ion leakage is proposed as a method to assess activity access for subsequent biological or chemical processing of forage or biomass. Smaller particle sizes and subsequent processing, which increased surface area, resulted in higher leachate ion conductivity measures. Use of ion conductivity readings to compare harvest or processing treatments requires some normalization because of potentially different chemical composition among samples. Using an abrasive cyclone mill to process a sample for use in determining a normalizing index (which is a ratio of access, relative to ultimate) yielded more consistency among whole-plant corn silage samples than blending. Longitudinal shredding of whole-plant corn silage resulted in higher activity access (as indicated by conductivity index) than precision-cut chopping or chopping plus mechanical roll processing. Shredding at harvest time seems to reduce the need for post-storage processing.
Prediction of Salt Tolerance in Rice （Oryza Sativa） Based on Shoot Ion Content under Non-Stressed Conditions

Salt is a major abiotic stress threatening crop plants such as rice. Tolerance to salt is complex and regulated by numerous genetic and non-genetic factors. To date most screens for salt tolerance rely on plant performance in stressed conditions. This article describes the ability to screen for salt tolerance in non-stressed conditions. The work is based on correlations between 62 rice genotypes in salt stress and non-stress conditions and measuring the intake of elements using Particle Induced X-ray Emission and X-ray Fluorescence. Roots and shoots were analysed though shoots provided easier and more robust materials to work with. Data were interpreted using multivariate statistical analysis which showed the intake ratio of elements across tolerant, moderately tolerant and susceptible rice genotypes. Tolerant genotypes exhibited a larger intake of elements, and a classification criteria based on Canonical Discriminant Analysis allowed differentiation of salt tolerant genotypes not only under salt stress but, significantly, also under non-stressed conditions. Thus, shoot element content in benign conditions can be used as an indicator for salt tolerance. These studies suggest that many salt tolerance mechanisms in rice cultivars are constitutive, they are not switched on by stress, and this has implications for physiological and genetic studies, especially in crop plants. The approach has practical application as it allows pre-screening in non-stressed conditions, from which candidate salt tolerant genotypes may be selected for subsequent testing in saline field conditions, selecting in benign conditions provides greater seed harvest of the next generation which can be used in multiple tests.
For Review O nly 1 RH : Cohort variation in body size 1 2 Cohort variation in individual body mass dissipates with age in large herbivores 3 4

Environmental conditions experienced during early growth and development markedly shape phenotypic traits. Consequently, individuals of the same cohort may show similar life-history tactics throughout life. Conditions experienced later in life, however, could fine-tune these initial differences, either increasing (cumulative effect) or decreasing (compensatory effect) the magnitude of cohort variation with increasing age. Our novel comparative analysis that quantifies cohort variation in individual body size trajectories shows that initial cohort variation Ecological Monographs
Developing an Effective Academic Leadership Model at Islamic Azad University

Effective academic leadership is a complicated issue to investigate because of its intangibility and potential consequences. In addition, it plays an essential role in the success of institutions as well as being an important factor in improving quality performance of faculty members, administrators and qualified alumni. In this study mixed methods was used to develop a model of Islamic Azad University (IAU) effective academic leadership in Iran. Qualitative approach involved content analysis through identifying, categorizing and verifying the constructs of effective academic leadership dimensions, its barriers and its challenges. Open-ended questions and in-depth interviews with IAU academic leaders in managerial positions were performed. Quantitative approach was conducted in form of a nationwide survey and analyzing the quantitative data by using descriptive statistics to determine the perceptions and preferences of faculty members regarding organizational culture at IAU branches in Iran. Then, a draft model in the multilevel pie diagram was developed by merging the results through developing procedures. After that, the model was proposed to IAU and international experts for validation. The key results of this study based on theoretical framework and analyzing the qualitative and quantitative data, showed that IAU effective academic leadership dimensions could be categorized into three scopes of setting direction, developing organization and developing people in three levels of administration (central office level, branch level and faculty level) while, the barriers to effective academic leadership were proved to be centralization and bureaucratic hierarchy structure, budget deficiency in some branches, ineffective networking in communication, and social, political and cultural intervention, insufficient high qualified and merit human resource.
FILLET AND CARCASS YIELD AND FILLET CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF PIAVA FROM FISH FARMING AND FROM THE WILD *

Piava (Leporinus obtusidens) is one of the main cultivated native fish and one of the most caught in Rio Grande do Sul, South Brazil. The objective of this work was to compare the carcass and fillet yields of piava, females and males, collected from the wild (Treatment 1 T1) and from fish culture (Treatment 2 T2) and to analyze the chemical composition of fillets. For this purpose, four females and four males of each treatment were used. T1 females had significant higher values (P<0.05) in the carcass yield. Chemical analyses of the fillet indicated that fish originating from fish farming, independent of sex, showed higher values (P<0.05) for protein and ash contents. Thus, the management and the suitable food in fish farming could contribute to the production of a better quality fish.