Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Urinary tract infections in Norway: bacterial etiology and susceptibility. A retrospective study of clinical isolates.

OBJECTIVES The objective of the present study was to determine bacterial etiology and susceptibility in urinary tract infections. The study was designed as a retrospective study of urine samples from patients both inside and outside hospitals and nursing homes that were received at our laboratory between 1 January 1997 and 31 October 1999. The Telemark Biomedical Center receives all the medical microbiology specimens from hospitals, nursing homes and general practitioners in the County of Telemark (165,000 inhabitants), Norway. All urines fulfilling the criteria for significant bacteriuria [> or =10,000 colony-forming units/mL urine] were included in the study. METHODS Bacterial susceptibility testing was performed using breakpoint methodology. During the study period, we received 52 350 urine samples, of which 28,066 (53.6%) fulfilled the criteria for significant bacteriuria (pure growth of > or =10,000 CFU/mL urine). RESULTS Escherichia coli was the most predominant bacterium in the urine from both inpatients (56.7%) and outpatients (68.3%). Coagulase-negative staphylococci and enterococci occurred significantly more often (P < 0.001) in urine samples from inpatients (12.5% and 7.9%) than in urine samples from outpatients (7.5% and 4.7%). Escherichia coli from both outpatients and hospitalised patients was highly susceptible (>93%) to cefalothin, mecillinam and nitrofurantoin, and more than 75% of E. coli isolates were also sensitive to ampicillin. Overall, the susceptibility to nitrofurantoin in bacteria from outpatients was 90% and from hospitalised patients was 85%. The corresponding figures for cefalothin were 92% and 90%, and for trimethoprim were 81% and 76%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Bacteria causing urinary tract infections in Norway are less resistant to antibacterial medication than in other western countries and the reason for this may be the low consumption of antibacterials by the Norwegian population. During the period from 1990 to 1999 the mean total annual consumption of antibacterial drugs in Norway was 15.3 defined daily doses per 1000 inhabitants per year.
A Systems Perspective on Forest Governance Failure in Thailand

This paper’s purpose is to diagnose Thailand’s governance system for forests which helps to identify the potential interventions for making the system more effective. The paper combines an extensive review of formal and informal literature with information from interviews conducted with key forestry stakeholders in Thailand. This is reflective of the ‘engaged’ philosophy underpinning this research, in contrast to a research approach in which the expert (drawing on documentation or a limited set of stakeholders) is the voice that defines and analyses the problem. This paper considers examples of forest governance arrangements from various countries facing comparable challenges to Thailand as well as legal doctrine, popular media and formal literature. This purposeful synthesis seeks to comprehensively understand the system under examination.
Maternal and foetal outcomes in pregnant patients with active lupus nephritis

The objective of this study was to determine the impact of lupus nephritis disease activity on maternal and foetal outcomes in pregnant patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Medical records of all pregnant patients with SLE treated at our institution between 1976 and 2007 were reviewed. All patients met American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for SLE. Demographic data, history of lupus nephritis, nephritis disease activity and maternal and foetal outcomes of pregnancy were abstracted. Active lupus nephritis was defined as the presence of proteinuria >0.5 g/day and/or active urinary sediment with or without an elevation in serum creatinine (Cr). Quiescent lupus nephritis was confirmed in the presence of proteinuria <0.5 mg/day and inactive urinary sediment. We identified 58 patients with 90 pregnancies. Compared with pregnancies in SLE patients without renal involvement (n = 47), pregnancies in patients with active lupus nephritis (n = 23) were associated with a higher incidence of maternal complications (57% vs 11%, P < 0.001), whereas those with quiescent lupus nephritis (n = 20) were not (35% vs 11%, P = 0.10). Women with active lupus nephritis were more likely to deliver preterm than women without lupus nephritis, median of 34 weeks vs 40 gestational weeks, respectively (P = 0.002) and were more likely to suffer foetal loss (35% vs 9%, P = 0.031). Active, but not quiescent, lupus nephritis during pregnancy is associated with a higher incidence of maternal and foetal complications compared with pregnancies in SLE patients without renal involvement.
Wymiary doświadczenia zakupowego a satysfakcja konsumenta

Postepując zgodnie z paradygmatem marketingu doświadczen punkty sprzedazy, zarowno realne, jak i wirtualne, starają sie kompleksowo oddzialywac na zmysly konsumenta, jak rowniez dostarczac mu przezyc poznawczych, emocjonalnych, relacyjnych i behawioralnych. W tym miejscu pojawia sie pytanie, czy wszystkie typy kreowanych doświadczen wplywają na satysfakcje klienta z zakupow? W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badan jakościowych w postaci wywiadow indywidualnych z konsumentami na temat ich ulubionych sklepow realnych i wirtualnych. Do analizy zebranych danych wykorzystano model Kano, dzielący doświadczenia zakupowe dostarczane przez sklepy na: wabiące, jednowymiarowe, obojetne, obowiązkowe oraz odwrocone. Podjeto probe identyfikacji, ktore wymiary doświadczenia klienta powodują rzeczywisty wzrost jego satysfakcji z zakupow, a ktore są obojetne lub tez powodują efekt odwrotny od zamierzonego.
The bounds and realization of spatial stiffnesses achieved with simple springs connected in parallel

We identify the space of spatial compliant behavior that can be achieved through the use of simple springs connected in parallel to a single rigid body. Here, the expression "simple spring" refers to the set of compliant relations associated with passive translational springs and rotational springs. The restriction on the stiffness matrices is derived using the screw theory by investigating the compliant behavior of individual simple springs. We show that the restriction results from the fact that simple springs can only provide either a pure force or a pure torque to the suspended body. We show that the 20-dimensional subspace of "realizable" spatial stiffness matrices achieved with parallel simple springs is defined by a linear necessary and sufficient condition on the positive semidefinite stiffness matrix. A procedure to synthesize an arbitrary full-rank stiffness matrix within this realizable subspace is provided. This procedure requires no more than seven simple springs.
Intangible Assets (IAS 38)

Definition  An intangible asset is an identifiable non-monetary asset without physical substance that the entity has control over  identifiable o The definition of an intangible asset requires an intangible asset to be identifiable to distinguish it from goodwill. o An asset is identifiable if it either: a) is separable, is capable of being separated or divided from the entity and sold, transferred, licensed, rented or exchanged; or b) arises from contractual or other legal rights, regardless of whether those rights are transferable or separable from the entity or from other rights and obligations.  Control= entity has the power to obtain the future economic benefits flowing from the asset Recognition and measurement  An item is recognized as an intangible asset, if it meets the following : o It meets the definition of an intangible asset (identifiable/control); and o It meets the recognition criteria: (a) it is probable that the expected future economic benefits that are attributable to the asset will flow to the entity; and (b) the cost of the asset can be measured reliably. Separate acquisition  The cost of a separately acquired intangible asset comprises: o its purchase price, including import duties and non-refundable purchase taxes, after deducting trade discounts and rebates; and o any directly attributable cost of preparing the asset for its intended use  Examples of directly attributable costs are: o costs of employee benefits arising directly from bringing the asset to its working condition; o professional fees arising directly from bringing the asset to its working condition; and o costs of testing whether the asset is functioning properly.  Examples of expenditures that are not part of the cost of an intangible asset are: o costs of introducing a new product or service (including costs of advertising and promotional activities); o costs of conducting business in a new location or with a new class of customer (including costs of staff training); and o administration and other general overhead costs Incidental Operations  the income and expenses of incidental operations are recognised immediately in profit or loss
Analysis of Wavelet-based Transform Compression Techniques on Medical Image

This paper is aimed at analyzing the performance of three different state-of-the-art image compression schemes namely Embedded Zerotree Wavelet (EZW), Spatial-orientation Trees Wavelet (STW) and Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees (SPHIT). The paper analyses the compression schemes using X-ray image data such that the quality of the reconstructed image would be closely related to its original image after 20 iterations of the compression steps. We compared the compression ratio and bit per pixel against the peak signal to noise ratio respectively for X-ray images represented in various image sizes of 256x256 and 512x512. Also, we discussed the characteristics on quality performance used. Some tests conducted for comparing them and the compression quality are addressed in this paper and the quality of compression is determined from the metrics of compression ratio (CR), bit per pixel (BPP), mean square error (MSE) and peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR). General Terms Image Process, Wavelet Analysis, Image Compression.
The B1 receptors for kinins.

A literature review on kinin pharmacology that appeared in this journal in 1980 was based on a systematic effort to define two receptor types for bradykinin- (BK b) related peptides, and proposed a receptor nomenclature (B1, B2) ([Regoli and Barabe, 1980][1]). Since then, that historical paper has
Continuous blood pressure measurement algorithm based on PPG signal quality assessment

The continuous blood pressure values can be calculated by the pulse wave transmission velocity. The accuracy of measuring human blood pressure using pulse wave transmit velocity is significantly influenced by the accuracy of the pulse wave feature point. This paper designs a pulse waveform quality evaluation function to calculate the pulse wave quality index. The reliability evaluation of photoplethysmography (PPG) feature point selection can be evaluated by the pulse wave quality index automatically. The fusion of blood pressure value calculated by different pulse wave feature point is calculated by the Kalman filter. Thus a more accurate continuous blood pressure measurement result is got. This method is evaluated by the MIMIC database. Compared with SBP calculated by single PPG feature point, this method has the least extreme errors and the smallest root mean square error (rMSE) of systolic blood pressure(SBP).
Commentary: Malignant Melanoma in Pigmented Skin: Does the Current Interventional Model Fit a Different Clinical, Histological, and Molecular Entity?

Despite public awareness and public health initiatives aimed at early detection and prevention, the incidence of melanoma continues to increase. In this issue of Dermatologic Surgery, Alexandrescu and colleagues address the disparity in the incidence of melanoma between lightly and deeply or darkly pigmented individuals. The authors note that, although the incidence of melanoma in lightly pigmented populations is much greater than in darker-skinned populations, the prognosis is worse for individuals with dark pigmentation. They suggest that, based on clinical, histologic, and molecular differences, there may be a need to approach these two populations differently with regard to detection and prevention. The authors conclude that further study of the differences in clinical presentation and histologic behavior of melanoma in these two categories of individuals is necessary.
Sustainability Balanced Scorecard Disclosures and Corporate Commitment to Sustainability: An Australian Study

The purpose of this research is to analyse corporate sustainability commitment level (SCL) and its determinants by examining the extent of Sustainability Balanced Scorecard (SBSC) public disclosures provided by Australia‟s largest publicly listed companies. First, content analysis is used to scrutinise publicly available disclosures. Then, logistic regression is conducted to analyse the determinants of SCL. The analysis shows that the company‟s level of commitment to sustainability can be determined from voluntary disclosures using a set of criteria developed from the relevant SBSC and environmental management literature. It is also found that SCL is significantly associated to size, leverage, industry and government reporting legislation but not to profitability.
AKAP Signaling Complexes in Regulation of Excitatory Synaptic Plasticity

Plasticity at excitatory glutamatergic synapses in the central nervous system is believed to be critical for neuronal circuits to process and encode information, allowing animals to perform complex behaviors such as learning and memory. In addition, alterations in synaptic plasticity are associated with human diseases, including Alzheimer disease, epilepsy, chronic pain, drug addiction, and schizophrenia. Long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD) in the hippocampal region of the brain are two forms of synaptic plasticity that increase or decrease, respectively, the strength of synaptic transmission by postsynaptic AMPA-type glutamate receptors. Both LTP and LTD are induced by activation of NMDA-type glutamate receptors but differ in the level and duration of Ca2+ influx through the NMDA receptor and the subsequent engagement of downstream signaling by protein kinases, including PKA, PKC, and CaMKII, and phosphatases, including PP1 and calcineurin-PP2B (CaN). This review addresses the important emerging roles of the A-kinase anchoring protein family of scaffold proteins in regulating localization of PKA and other kinases and phosphatases to postsynaptic multiprotein complexes that control NMDA and AMPA receptor function during LTP and LTD.
Concept Innovation in the Software Industry: 1990-2002

This study investigates concept innovation, when firms create new market category labels to differentiate their products. Data suggest that concept innovation is frequent. But little is known about its antecedents. This study proposes that concept innovation depends on both a firm’s technological inventions and constraints from existing classification. Firms that develop technologies that combine elements across market categories are more likely to engage in concept innovation – when categories are constraining. But when a firm’s categories are lenient, the relationship breaks down and leniency itself leads to concept innovation as firms attempt to resolve ambiguity in the environment. Results support hypotheses in a longitudinal analysis of concept innovation for 4,566 firms and 456 market categories in the software industry between 1990 and 2002.
Isolation and characterization of polyploid nuclei of R3230AC mammary adenocarcinoma and comparison with normal mammary nuclei.

The R3230AC mammary adenocarcinoma is biochemically similar to the normal lactating mammary gland in many ways, including the RNA/DNA ratio. However, the tumor differs from normal in important ways, which include having a DNA content 2 to 4 times higher than the maximum value for normal mammary gland. This raises the question of whether the cells of the tumor all have more DNA than normal cells. In order to determine how tumor DNA is distributed and whether its transcriptional activity differs from normal, we have compared the ploidy and RNA polymerase activities of nuclei isolated from both sources. Nuclei were also examined for their content of Ca2+-stimulated RNase activity, a marker of mammary differentiation. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation of tumor cell nuclei revealed three nuclear types, designated T1, T2, and T3, representing 25, 48, and 27% of total nuclei isolated. T1, T2, and T3 nuclei contained, respectively, 6.5, 12.3, and 19.0 pg DNA per nucleus, representing diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid amounts of DNA. Nuclear RNA and protein increased in proportion to ploidy. By contrast, cell nuclei isolated from lactating mammary gland formed only two bands (M1 and M2), comprising 54 and 46%, respectively, of total nuclei isolated. Both M1 and M2 nuclei contained diploid amounts of DNA. Therefore, the higher DNA content in the tumor is attributable, at least in part, to the presence of polyploid nuclei in the majority of tumor cells. The combined activity of DNA-dependent RNA polymerases I, II, and III per nucleus was the same in T1, T2, and T3; M1 and M2 also had activities similar to each other but much lower than the tumor types. Activity attributable to polymerase I (resistant to 200 µg α-amanitin per ml), polymerase II (inhibited by 0.06 µg α-amanitin per ml), and polymerase III (inhibited by 200 µg α-amanitin per ml) was about 35, 50, and 15%, respectively, for each class of tumor nuclei. The corresponding values for M bands were about 44, 34, and 22%. These results suggest that tumor cells synthesize more heterogeneous RNA than do mammary cells of lactating rats, but the latter synthesize more ribosomal RNA. Activity of mammary-specific Ca2+-stimulated RNase increased slightly per nucleus as the ploidy of tumor nuclei increased, but in every T group the activity was less than one-half of that of M1 or M2 nuclei. Thus, despite differences in ploidy, all tumor nuclear classes show a lesser degree of differentiation than nuclei from the lactating gland, with respect to their capacity for synthesis of ribosomal RNA compared to messenger RNA and their expression of Ca2+-stimulated RNase.
Climate, Resource Phenology, and Demographic Population Structure Impacts on Songbird Habitat Quality

iv Acknowledgements vi Chapter I Introduction 1 Chapter II – Predicting demography across landscapes: regionalscale models of recruitment 7 Chapter III – Characterizing caterpillar biomass phenology: differences among host trees and implications for climate change 33 Chapter IV – The use of MODIS NDVI as a proxy for food abundance available to breeding birds 57 Chapter V – Conclusion 69
Morphologic typing of papillary renal cell carcinoma: comparison of growth kinetics and patient survival in 66 cases.

Whereas papillary renal cell carcinoma is now established as a subtype of renal cell neoplasia, division of these tumors into 2 distinctive morphotypes has been proposed. Type 1 tumors have cells with scanty pale cytoplasm arranged in a single layer on the basement membrane of papillary cores. In these tumors, psammoma bodies and foamy macrophages are frequently seen, and the tumors frequently express cytokeratin 7. Type 2 tumor cells have pseudostratified nuclei and usually have voluminous eosinophilic cytoplasm. Recent studies have supported this subclassification of papillary renal cell carcinoma by demonstrating differing genotypes for type 1 and 2 tumors. To further study the subclassification of papillary renal carcinoma, we compared clinical features, nuclear grade, stage, tumor growth kinetics, and survival in a series of 50 type 1 and 16 type 2 papillary renal cell carcinomas. Comparison of patient age at presentation, sex, and primary tumor size shows no significant difference between the 2 tumor types. Type 1 tumors were of significantly lower Fuhrman grade (P =.0001) and higher Robson stage (P =.009) than type 2 tumors. There was no significant difference when tumors were staged according to the TNM classification. Assessment of tumor growth kinetics showed significantly different mean silver-staining nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) scores and Ki-67 indices (AgNOR type 1, 3.83, type 2, 7.24, P =.0001; Ki-67 type 1, 3.17%, type 2, 6.01%, P =.0002). Multivariate analysis showed tumor type (P =.03), presence of metastases (P =.04), AgNOR score (P =.001), and Ki-67 index (P =.03) to be independently associated with survival. These results provide evidence of the clinical utility of dividing papillary renal cell carcinomas into 2 types according to histologic characteristics.
Advances in the treatment of precocious puberty

Precocious puberty refers to a heterogenous group of childhood disorders that are characterised by the appearance of secondary sexual development at an abnormally early age; historically defined as prior to age eight years in girls and prior to age nine in boys [1]. Although not universally accepted, recent data suggests that a significant percentage of normal girls may be experiencing pubertal development prior to age eight [2], prompting re-evaluation of tradition guidelines defining the typical lower end of the age range for the onset of puberty in girls. Regardless of the designation of ‘normal’, the exact physical manifestations in cases of pathological precocious puberty depend on the underlying pathophysiology of the condition and on which sex steroids are being produced. Likewise, therapeutic intervention, when indicated, is dictated by the origin of the excessive androgens and/or oestrogens and is based on an understanding of the genesis and natural history of the different forms of precocious puberty. In some instances, it is possible to suppress or block hormone production at its source, whereas in other conditions treatment is directed toward attenuating the physiological effects of sex steroid exposure on the growing child. Historically, the pharmacological treatment of precocious puberty has been of variable success and is highly dependent on the particular diagnosis present. While extremely effective and safe therapies currently exist for some types of precocious puberty, there are other pathological entities leading to abnormal pubertal development for which available treatments have yielded mixed results, at best. However, several new agents are currently on the horizon that have the potential to significantly improve the management of intractable forms of precocious puberty and further refine our largely successful treatments of other forms. This review will briefly summarise accomplishments to date in pharmacological treatments for the different subtypes of precocious puberty and will focus on promising new drugs under investigation and in development. Rather than provide an exhaustive list of novel compounds, we will highlight the general drug classes of interest and discuss specific examples from each.
The Relationship between Liquidity and Improving Corporate Governance of Companies Listed on Tehran Stock Exchange

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between liquidity and improving corporate governance of companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange. Its population included all companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange by end of 2013 (483 companies). According Morgan Table and selection criteria, there were analyzed 123 companies. The combined data, one of models in common effects, the fixed and random effects using proper tests were used to estimate efficient of regression models. The results showed a significant relationship between daily trading volumes with improving corporate governance. There is a significant relationship between rates of non-liquidity with improving corporate governance. There is a significant relationship between rates of Amihud non-liquidity with improving corporate governance. There is a significant relationship between ranking liquidity with improving corporate governance. There is a significant relationship between efficiency zero with improving corporate governance.