Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reduced Shh expression in TFF2‐overexpressing lesions of the gastric fundus under hypochlorhydric conditions

Expression of sonic hedgehog (Shh), a morphogen for the gastric fundic glands, is reduced in the atrophic mucosa that develops in association with Helicobacter pylori infection, resulting in impaired differentiation of the fundic gland cells, increased expression of trefoil factor family 2 (TFF2) and the formation of spasmolytic polypeptide (SP)‐expressing metaplasia (SPEM), a preneoplastic lesion. However, it is still unresolved whether H. pylori‐induced inflammation and the resultant reduction in parietal cell number or reduced parietal cell function per se reduces Shh expression. The present study was designed to clarify the expression of Shh and TFF2 in the context of parietal cell dysfunction in the absence of inflammation, using histamine H2 receptor‐knockout (H2R‐null) mice and an acid exposure model. Age‐matched H2R‐null mice and wild‐type (WT) mice were used. The expression of Shh and TFF2 mRNA was quantified by quantitative RT‐PCR. Immunohistochemistry was also performed to detect the expression of Shh, TFF2 and cell markers. To study the effects of acid exposure, HCl solution was administered to the animals. The H2R‐null mice exhibited higher gastric pH, increased TFF2 expression and reduced Shh expression. Impaired mucous neck‐to‐zymogenic cell differentiation was observed in the H2R‐null mice. Furthermore, Shh expression increased in the presence of gastric acid and showed a significant correlation with gastric surface pH. In conclusion, our results suggest that persistent parietal cell dysfunction alone (suppressed gastric acid secretion), in the absence of inflammation or parietal cell loss caused by H. pylori infection, may be sufficient to down‐regulate Shh expression in TFF2‐overexpressing preneoplastic lesions of the gastric fundus. Since exposure to acid restored fundic Shh expression, appropriate gastric acid secretion may play an important role in the morphogen dynamics involved in the maintenance of gastric fundic gland homeostasis. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Nonylphenol on Rates of Tail Resorption and Metamorphosis in Rana Catesbeiana Tadpoles

Nonylphenol (NP) is a persistent, lipophilic, and toxic chemical that can be endocrine disrupting (estrogenic) at sublethal concentrations. Since amphibian metamorphosis is a hormone-driven process and a delicate balance of hormone levels is required for successful metamorphosis, exposure of larval amphibians to NP might disrupt metamorphic processes. This study tested whether NP exposure influenced rate of metamorphic progression and tail resorption in bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) tadpoles. Premetamorphic bullfrog tadpoles were exposed for 7 d to one of 3 nominal concentrations of NP (234 μg/L, 468 μg/L, or 936 μg/L) with or without the addition of exogenous 3,3′,5-triiodothyronine (T3). In the absence of exogenous T3, NP significantly increased the rate of tail growth (as measured by tail length) at 936 μg/L. There was no significant effect of NP alone on tail width, limb development, or the process of cranial transformation. When T3 was added to the treatments, increasing NP concentrations were associated with a significant decrease in the rate of cranial transformation, and at the highest dose, the rate of tail resorption was significantly lower than in the controls. Overall, NP had an inhibitory effect on the rate of bullfrog tadpole metamorphic progression and tail resorption. The authors thank the Georgia Basin Ecosystem Initiative (GBEI), Toxic Substance Research Initiative (Health Canada and Environment Canada), Pacific Environmental Science Centre, and Dr. Ken Hall.
Dynamics of Intermittent Viremia during Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Patients Who Initiate Therapy during Chronic versus Acute and Early Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection

ABSTRACT The meaning of viral blips in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients treated with seemingly effective highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is still controversial and under investigation. Blips might represent low-level ongoing viral replication in the presence of drug or simply release of virions from the latent reservoir. Patients treated early during HIV-1 infection are more likely to have a lower total body viral burden, a homogenous viral population, and preserved HIV-1-specific immune responses. Consequently, viral blips may be less frequent in them than in patients treated during chronic infection. To test this hypothesis, we compared the occurrence of viral blips in 76 acutely infected patients (primary HIV infection [PHI] group) who started therapy within 6 months of the onset of symptoms with that in 47 patients who started HAART therapy during chronic infection (chronic HIV infection [CHI] group). Viral blip frequency was approximately twofold higher in CHI patients (0.122 ± 0.12/viral load [VL] sample, mean ± standard deviation) than in PHI patients (0.066 ± 0.09/VL sample). However, in both groups, viral blip frequency did not increase with longer periods of observation. Also, no difference in viral blip frequency was observed between treatment subgroups, and the occurrence of a blip was not associated with a recent change in CD4+ T-cell count. Finally, in PHI patients the VL set point was a significant predictor of blip frequency during treatment.
Condom use self‐efficacy among U.S.‐ and foreign‐born Latinos in Texas

The objective of this study was to assess the influence of condom use self‐efficacy on the reported condom use of Latinos. We conducted a rapid needs assessment study among U.S. and foreign‐born Latinos living in Houston, TX, to identify behavioral and psychosocial factors that influence their risk for HIV. Bilingual Latino interviewers conducted confidential face‐to‐face interviews with individuals living in apartment complexes or residential areas primarily populated by Latinos. A total of 152 participants completed the survey. Regression results indicate that education and gender influenced condom use self‐efficacy, which in turn influenced condom use in the last sexual encounter and with the primary sexual partner. However, gender and relationship risk were stronger predictors of condom use. Study results indicate that there are differences in condom use self‐efficacy and sexual risk behaviors between Latino men and women that need further exploration.
Oral field cancerization

A 76-year-old man with chronic obstructive lung disease and a 60 pack-year history of smoking presented with diffuse lesions on his tongue that had been evolving for three years ([Figure 1][1]). After multiple biopsies showing a range of dysplasia, all lesions were surgically removed. He has stopped
Study on the Platelet Factor and β-Thromboglobulin in the Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease

The platelet factor 4 (PF4) and β-thromboglobulin (β-TG) were measured to evaluate the platelet activation in vivo in patients with ischemic heart disease. The results are summarized as follows: In patients with acute myocardial infarction, the PF4 and the β-TG levels were significantly higher compared to those of normal controls (P<0.005). In patients with angina pectoris, the PF4 and the β-TG levels were not signivicantly different from those of normal controls. A pattern of decline in the PF4 and the β-TG level was shown in patients with acute myocardial infarction by day 10. In conclusion, the measurement of PF4 and β-TG is a useful method to detect the platect activation in vivo in the patients with ischemic heart disease.
On orbits, of prompt and low computably enumerable sets

Abstract This paper concerns automorphisms of the computably enumerable sets. We prove two results relating semilow sets and prompt degrees via automorphisms, one of which is complementary to a recent result of Downey and Harrington. We also show that the property of effective simplicity is not invariant under automorphism, and that in fact every promptly simple set is automorphic to an effectively simple set. A major technique used in these proofs is a modification of the Harrington-Soare version of the method of Harrington-Soare and Cholak for constructing Δ30 automorphisms; this modification takes advantage of a recent result of Soare on the extension of “restricted” automorphisms to full automorphisms.
Binding of Anti-Membrane-Proximal gp41 Monoclonal Antibodies to CD4-Liganded and -Unliganded Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Virions

ABSTRACT The broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) 4E10, 2F5, and Z13e1 target membrane-proximal external region (MPER) epitopes of HIV-1 gp41 in a manner that remains controversial. The requirements for initial lipid bilayer binding and/or CD4 ligation have been proposed. To further investigate these issues, we probed for binding of these MAbs to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) virions with protein A-conjugated gold (PAG) nanoparticles using negative-stain electron microscopy. We found moderate levels of PAG associated with unliganded HIV-1 and SIV virions incubated with the three MAbs. Significantly higher levels of PAG were associated with CD4-liganded HIV-1 (epitope-positive) but not SIV (epitope-negative) virions. A chimeric SIV virion displaying the HIV-1 4E10 epitope also showed significantly higher PAG association after CD4 ligation and incubation with 4E10. MAbs accumulated rapidly on CD4-liganded virions and slowly on unliganded virions, although both reached similar levels in time. Anti-MPER epitope-specific binding was stable to washout. Virions incubated with an irrelevant MAb or CD4-only (no MAb) showed negligible PAG association, as did a vesicle-rich fraction devoid of virions. Preincubation with Fab 4E10 inhibited both specific and nonspecific 4E10 IgG binding. Our data provide evidence for moderate association of anti-MPER MAbs to viral surfaces but not lipid vesicles, even in the absence of cognate epitopes. Significantly greater MAb interaction occurs in epitope-positive virions following long incubation or CD4 ligation. These findings are consistent with a two-stage binding model where these anti-MPER MAbs bind first to the viral lipid bilayer and then to the MPER epitopes following spontaneous or induced exposure.
The effect of hyperthermia on the neuroepithelium of the 21‐day guinea‐pig foetus: Histologic and ultrastructural study

Hyperthermia was induced in guinea-pigs on day 21 of gestation by placing them in an incubator set at 42-5 degrees-43-0 degrees C for 1 hr. At intervals thereafter foetuses were removed from the uterus and sections of the telencephalon were prepared for light and electron microscopy. The histologic and ultrastructural appearance of the telencephalon of the normal 21-day guinea-pig foetus was described for comparative purposes. Damage to cells in mitosis characterised by clumping of chromosomes, and dispersal of polysomes in interphase cells were observed immediately after hyperthermia. Breakdown of the network of junctional complexes was apparent at 4 hr and cellular proliferation was inhibited for 6-8 hr. Degenerative changes and cell deaths were observed deep in the venticular zone after 8 hr; the extent of cell death was related to the post-stressing temperature. Proliferation was resumed at 8 hr and damaged and dead cells moved outward toward the intermediate zone. Phagocytosis of debris by large mononuclear cells was a common finding. Cytoplasmic inclusions, some of which were Feulgen-positive, were present in otherwise normal ventricular cells. Occasional dead cells and empty spaces were present in the ventricular zone at 24 hr and by 48 hr the ventricular zone was normal in appearance. It was concluded that previously observed micrencephaly in the offspring of guine-pig mothers which were heat stressed on day 21 of gestation resulted from a temporary cessation of proliferation and partial depopulation of the proliferating neuroepithelium.
Endovascular treatment of ophthalmic artery aneurysms: ophthalmic artery patency following flow diversion versus coil embolization

Background and purpose The Pipeline Embolization Device (PED) has been shown to effectively treat complex internal carotid artery aneurysms while maintaining patency of covered side branches. The purpose of this retrospective matched cohort study is to evaluate the effect of flow diversion on the patency of the ophthalmic artery when treating ophthalmic artery aneurysms. Methods A retrospective review of our prospectively collected institutional database identified 19 ophthalmic artery aneurysms treated with a PED. These were matched according to aneurysm diameter in a 1:2 fashion to ophthalmic artery aneurysms treated via coil embolization, although it is important to note that there was a statistically significance difference in the neck diameter between the two groups (p=0.045). Clinical and angiographic outcomes were recorded and analyzed. Results On follow-up angiography, decreased flow through the ophthalmic artery was observed in 26% of the PED cohort and 0% of the coil embolization cohort (p=0.003). No ophthalmologic complications were noted in either cohort. Complete occlusion at 12 months was more common following PED treatment than coil embolization (74% vs 47%; p=0.089), although lower than reported in previous trials. This may be due to inflow into the ophthalmic artery keeping the aneurysm patent. Retreatments were more common following coil embolization than PED (24% vs 11%), but this was not significant (p=0.304). Permanent morbidity rates were not significantly different between the PED (11%) and coil embolization (3%) cohorts (p=0.255). Conclusions Our results suggest that ophthalmic artery aneurysms may be adequately and safely treated with either the PED or coil embolization. However, treatment with the PED carries a higher risk of impeding flow to the ophthalmic artery, although this did not result in clinical sequelae in the current study.
The influence of organizational climate on sustainable relationships between organization and employees. The KION case study.

This study considers factors influencing relationships on an employee and employer level (micro-level) as well as the effectiveness and performance of the organization as a whole (macro-level). The organizational climate plays hereby a central role as a determinant of the organizational behavior and success. However, few empirical studies consider the role of the organizational climate as a link between both the micro and macro levels and its influence on the creating sustainable business relationships leading to improved economic performance. To conduct the analysis, we derive a hypothesis building upon existing literature and test the hypothesis through survey of organizational members and by employing a structural equation model. The results show a very good relationship among all variables considered in the model, especially between innovation, trust, communication and sustainable relationships. The study provides also managers with a useful tool for evaluating the climate of the organization and the quality of relations with its members. Because only one organization was analyzed, the research results may lack generalizability. Future research would need to adopt the proposed model on other organizations and countries.
Biomembrane Model Interaction and Percutaneous Absorption of Papaverine Through rat Skin: Effects of Cyclodextrins as Penetration Enhancers

The effects of different concentrations of β-cyclodextrin (β-CyD), hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CyD) and 2,6-di-O-methyl-β-cyclodextrin (DM-β-CyD) on percutaneous absorption of papaverine hydrochloride (PAP) were investigated. Abdominal rat skin mounted in Franz cells was used for in vitro experiments. To evaluate CyD interaction with a bilayer structure model, dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and DPPC-Chol (8:2 mole ratio) vesicles were used. CyD vesicle interaction was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry. Permeation through rat skin and calorimetric experiments demonstrated that at low concentrations DM-β-CyD shows higher enhancer activity as a possible result of a perturbing action on the skin by a complexation of its lipid components, but at higher concentrations HP-β-CyD is the most effective. By considering that HP-β-CyD presents a very moderate destabilizing action on the skin, we conclude that a 10% aqueous solution of this macrocycle appears to be the most suitable transdermal absorption enhancer for PAP.
Studies on vasculitis

The lesions of several cutaneous vascular diseases, examined by immunofluorescence, contained γG, γA, γM and β1C globulins. Acetone‐fixed sections of some lesions contained C‐reactive protein. Antigens of streptococci, Candida, Mycobacteriwn tuberculosis and staphylococci were also found, sometimes combined with IgG indicating the formation of bacterial antigen‐antibody complexes. There was indirect evidence of the formation of complexes in vivo in that the patients had rheumatoid and anti‐IgG factors and immunoconglutinin in their sera more frequently than normal persons.
Blood-Pressure Correlates of Adolescent Girls

Blood pressures of 13- and 14-yr. -old girls (N = 116) were studied in relationship to factors in physical examination, personal health history, anxiety scores, activity patterns, and diet patterns. Relationships were analyzed using Pearson correlations and independent t tests. A longitudinal comparison over 6 mo. was made using a subsample of 61 girls. Weight and height were the highest correlates of all blood-pressure values. Family history factors were positively related to blood-pressure values. Blood pressures varied at significant levels with the menstrual cycle. Anxiety scores and salt intake had varied relationships with blood pressures that showed some parallels to research in the hemodynamic aspects of hypertension. Activity patterns were not consistently related. Carbohydrate intake was positively related to increased blood pressures. Dairy products had negative relationships with diastolic blood pressure. Further research of hypertension in adolescents is indicated.
The late Pleistocene cultures of South America

Important to an understanding of the first peopling of any continent is an understanding of human dispersion and adaptation and their archeological signatures. Until recently, the earliest archeological record of South America was viewed uncritically as a uniform and unilinear development involving the intrusion of North American people who brought a founding cultural heritage, the fluted Clovis stone tool technology, and a big‐game hunting tradition to the southern hemisphere between 11,000 and 10,000 years ago.1–3 Biases in the history of research and the agendas pursued in the archeology of the first Americans have played a major part in forming this perspective.4–6
Comparison of the Quality of life (QoL) following reconstructive conduit surgeries(interposition coloplasty vs. gastric pull up) for patients with corrosive strictures of the oesophagus

Background: . The aim of the study is to analyze and compare the Quality of life (QoL)following the two different reconstructive surgeries viz. gastric pull up and interposition coloplasty undertaken for patients with corrosive injuries of the esophagus at the end of the first post operative month and year. Patients and Methods : Between August 2008 and December 2015 , 56 patients underwent reconstructive surgery for intractable strictures of oesophagus ,of whom , 44 patients were amenable for regular followup. Of these patients , 32 underwent coloplasty and 12 underwent gastric pull up depending on concomitant caustic involvement of stomach . The patients filled two questionnaires including :1) Short form Health survey SF-36 to assess general quality of life2)and a specifically designed ,previously unvalidated questionnaire which we believe addresses the quality of life in an appropriate social context.This is a checklist containing items reflective of patients general symptoms , reflux related symptoms, perceived weight gain after procedure , perceived body image after procedure and overall social and psychological well being. Results: At one month duration, the mean of all scales in SF 36 are low reflective perhaps of the poor quality of life perceived by most patients and the subscales of the SF 36 Questionnaire are not different when compared between coloplasty and gastric pull up. At the one year period, however , the mean of patients undergoing coloplasty is significantly better (p<0.05) when compared to gastric pull up with respect to all subscales of the SF -36 . On analysis of the special questionnaire at 1 month,,coloplasty patients performed better with regard to most physical symptoms . Also, coloplasty patients had significantly less social and mental impairment when compared to gastric pull up On analysis of the special questionnaire at 1 year , it was seen that coloplasty patients perform better on most questions relating to physical and reflux symptoms with better mental state , perceived weight gain. And body image . However, coloplasty patients had more self noticeable neck swelling and the frequent hold up of food was still statistically significant . Conclusion: . There is significantly better QOL reflected by both the questionnaires for coloplasty patients at the 1 year interval when compared to the gastric pull up patients . Though there is a theoretical increased risk of leak in coloplasty patients, owing to the increased number of anastomosis when compared to gastric pull up , they can be done in experienced centres with minimal morbidity. In India ,where concentrated acid injury causing corrosive stricture of the oesophagus with concomitant stomach involvement is very common than the West ,coloplasty may be the preferred reconstructive conduit surgery in the long term at centres of excellence if the short term morbidity of coloplasty can be tided over.
HEAT RESISTANCE OF Pseudomonas aeruginosa IN PREPARATIONS AT THE BASE OF CUCUMBER, TOMATO AND LETTUCE AS AFFECTED BY PH AND SODIUM CHLORIDE

_____________________________________________________________________________ The effect of the acid and the osmotic stress on the heat resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa MC1 was studied at 63 oC in preparations at the base of cucumber, tomato and lettuce adjusted to various pHs (2, 3 and 4) or various NaCl concentrations (2, 4 and 6%). In the second study, the combined effect of pH and NaCl on the thermal inactivation of P. aeruginosa cells was determined. The heat resistance of P. aeruginosa cells was more rapid at pH 2 after 10 min of thermal shock for the three preparations. On the contrary, the heat resistance increased with increasing the pH values. At pH 3 or 4, viable cells were detected after 30 min of treatment when the cells inoculated in preparation of tomato. Addition of NaCl, was involved in the protection of cells against heat inactivation. Indeed, the best heat resistance of P. aeruginosa MC1 strain was obtained in tomato preparation supplemented with 4 or 6% of NaCl. This study indicates that heat resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa MC1 strain was lower at pH 2 and 2, 4 or 6% of sodium chloride. In addition, no viable cells were recovered after 1 min of treatment in lettuce preparation.