Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impacts of Shading on Sponge-Cyanobacteria Symbioses: A Comparison between Host-Specific and Generalist Associations1

Abstract The marine sponge Lamellodysidea chlorea contains large populations of the host-specific, filamentous cyanobacterium Oscillatoria spongeliae. Other marine sponges, including Xestospongia exigua, contain the generalist, unicellular cyanobacterium Synechococcus spongiarum. The impact of cyanobacterial photosynthesis on host sponges was manipulated by shading these sponge-cyanobacteria associations. If cyanobacteria benefit their hosts, shading should reduce this benefit. Chlorophyll a concentrations were measured as an index of cyanobacterial abundance. After two weeks, shaded L. chlorea lost more mass than controls, while shaded and control X. exigua did not lose a significant amount of mass. Chlorophyll a concentrations in shaded X. exigua were lower than in controls, but were not significantly different between shaded and control L. chlorea. In addition, L. chlorea shaded in situ lost over 40% of their initial area, but did not differ in chlorophyll a concentrations from controls. These results suggest that Oscillatoria symbionts benefit their host sponges in a mutualistic association. Synechococcus symbionts may be commensals that exploit the resources provided by their sponge hosts without significantly affecting sponge mass. When shaded, Synechococcus symbionts may be consumed by their hosts or may be able to disperse from this unfavorable environment. These data support the hypothesis that more specialized symbionts provide a greater benefit to their hosts, but hypotheses concerning the dispersal abilities of these symbionts remain to be explored. Sponge-cyanobacteria symbioses provide model systems for investigating the costs and benefits of symbiosis and the roles of dispersal, environmental conditions, and phylogenetic history in determining the specificity of endosymbionts for their hosts.
The miR-30 family: Versatile players in breast cancer

The microRNA family, miR-30, plays diverse roles in regulating key aspects of neoplastic transformation, metastasis, and clinical outcomes in different types of tumors. Accumulating evidence proves that miR-30 family is pivotal in the breast cancer development by controlling critical signaling pathways and relevant oncogenes. Here, we review the roles of miR-30 family members in the tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance of breast cancer, and their application to predict the prognosis of breast cancer patients. We think miR-30 family members would be promising biomarkers for breast cancer and may bring a novel insight in molecular targeted therapy of breast cancer.
Delay analysis in practical wireless network coding

Network coding provides a powerful mechanism for improving performance of wireless networks. In this paper, we present an analytical approach for end-to-end delay analysis in wireless networks that employs inter-session network coding. Prior work on performance analysis in wireless network coding mainly focuses on the throughput of the overall network. Our approach aims to analyze the delay of each flow in the network. The theoretical basis of our approach is network calculus. In order to use network calculus to analyze the performance of traffic flows in the network, we have to address three specific problems: identifying traffic flows, characterizing broadcast links, and measuring coding opportunities. We propose solutions for these problems and discuss the practical issues when applying the approach in practice. We make three main contributions. First, we obtain theoretical formulations for computing the queueing delay bounds of traffic flows in wireless networks with network coding. Second, with the formulations, we figure out the factors that affect the queueing delay of a flow and find that first-in first-out scheduling cannot fully exploit the benefit of network coding. Third, in order to exploit our findings, we introduce a new scheduling scheme that can improve the performance of current practical wireless network coding. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving Product Quality and Reliability with Customer Experience Data

Advance technology development and wide use of the World Wide Web have made it possible for new product development organizations to access multi‐sources of data‐related customer complaints. However, the number of customer plaints of highly innovative consumer electronic products is still increasing; that is, product quality and reliability is at risk. This article aims to understand why existing solutions from literature as well as from industry to deal with these increasingly complex multiple data sources are not able to manage product quality and reliability. Three case studies in industry are discussed. On the basis of the case study results, this article also identifies a new research agenda that is needed to improve product quality and reliability under this circumstance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Food Store Choice Among Urban Slum Women Is Associated With Consumption of Energy-Dense Food

The aim of this study was to examine the associations of food store choice with food consumption among urban slum women. A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 188 urban slum women (19-50 years old) in Jakarta, Indonesia. A semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess food consumption. Associations between food consumption and food store choice were tested by linear regression. This study found that frequencies of buying food from small shops (warung), street food vendors, and modern food stores were significantly associated with consumption of snacks, mixed dishes, and fruit respectively. In addition, buying food from traditional markets and small cafes (warung makan) was not significantly associated with particular types of food consumption. As modern food stores are rarely utilized by these women, small shops (warung) and street food vendors are likely to be important channels to improve slum dwellers’ diet.
Psychoanalysis and Gender: An Introductory Reader

What is object-relations theory and what does it have to do with literary studies? How can Freud's phallocentric theories be applied by feminist critics? In Psychoanalysis and Gender: An Introductory Reader Rosalind Minsky answers these questions and more, offering students a clear, straightforward overview without ever losing them in jargon. In the first section Minsky outlines the fundamentals of the theory, introducing the key thinkers and providing clear commentary. In the second section, the theory is demonstrated by an anthology of seminal essays which includes: * Feminity by Sigmund Freud * Envy and Gratitude by Melanie Klein * An extract from Transitional Objects and Transitional Phenomena by Donald Winnicot * The Meaning of the Phallus by Jacques Lacan * An extract from Women's Time by Julia Kristeva * An extract from Speculum of the Other Woman by Luce Irigaray
Reliability analysis of the epidural spinal cord compression scale.

OBJECTIVE The evolution of imaging techniques, along with highly effective radiation options has changed the way metastatic epidural tumors are treated. While high-grade epidural spinal cord compression (ESCC) frequently serves as an indication for surgical decompression, no consensus exists in the literature about the precise definition of this term. The advancement of the treatment paradigms in patients with metastatic tumors for the spine requires a clear grading scheme of ESCC. The degree of ESCC often serves as a major determinant in the decision to operate or irradiate. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of a 6-point, MR imaging-based grading system for ESCC. METHODS To determine the reliability of the grading scale, a survey was distributed to 7 spine surgeons who participate in the Spine Oncology Study Group. The MR images of 25 cervical or thoracic spinal tumors were distributed consisting of 1 sagittal image and 3 axial images at the identical level including T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and Gd-enhanced T1-weighted images. The survey was administered 3 times at 2-week intervals. The inter- and intrarater reliability was assessed. RESULTS The inter- and intrarater reliability ranged from good to excellent when surgeons were asked to rate the degree of spinal cord compression using T2-weighted axial images. The T2-weighted images were superior indicators of ESCC compared with T1-weighted images with and without Gd. CONCLUSIONS The ESCC scale provides a valid and reliable instrument that may be used to describe the degree of ESCC based on T2-weighted MR images. This scale accounts for recent advances in the treatment of spinal metastases and may be used to provide an ESCC classification scheme for multicenter clinical trial and outcome studies.
The capitalisation debate: R&D expenditure, disclosure content and quantity and stakeholder views

There are concerns that financial statements no longer reflect the underpinning drivers of value in modern business (Bernanke 2011; Haskel and Westlake 2017; Lev and Gu 2016). Such concerns are particularly relevant to accounting for intangibles, including research and development costs (hereafter R&D). Under IAS 38 Intangible Assets, while research costs are expensed, development costs should be capitalised, if they meet the six conditions specified in the standard. Thus, at least technically, the capitalisation of development costs is not considered a managerial choice. Nevertheless, from the financial statements’ preparers’ point of view, significant managerial judgement and detailed evaluations are required so as to conclude whether the six conditions have been met or not. Similarly, auditors need to exercise judgement with associated detailed evaluations to enable them to conclude that they are satisfied with the adopted accounting treatment of their clients. Interestingly, mandatory disclosure requirements in IAS 38 are only that the relevant amounts involved (ie capitalised and/or expensed and if these are material) be disclosed separately. Executive summary 6 Thus, financial statement users, when using an annual report, primarily rely on firms’ voluntary/narrative R&D disclosure decisions for understanding the value and future benefits arising from such capitalised expenditure. In practice, given the requirements in IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements, one would also expect companies to disclose information on significant risk factors and managerial judgement relative to material levels of capitalisation. While there is literature relevant to R&D in non-IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) reporting regimes, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, research on the characteristics of firms that capitalise and/or expense R&D expenditure specifically under IFRS is minimal. Similarly, research that captures the quantity of companies’ disclosures in relation to R&D under an IFRS reporting regime is also minimal. Finally, users’ and/ or preparers’ views on the matter are largely absent from extant literature following the adoption of IFRS. The overall objective of this research is to shed light on these three areas.
Occult Osseous Injuries After Ankle Sprains: Incidence, Location, Pattern, and Age

We retrospectively evaluated 109 magnetic resonance studies in patients with prior ankle sprains to investigate the frequency and pattern of bone bruises. Patterns of bone bruises were then correlated with the ligaments injured. In addition, the age of the injury was determined from medical records to correlate the presence of bone bruises with the temporal period from injury. Bone bruises occurred in 39% of ankle sprains. Multiple bone bruises were seen in 40% of those with bone bruises; they occurred more frequently in patients with multiple ligaments injured. The marrow changes may be secondary to impaction, rotary instability of the ankle, and microavulsion vectors. Bone bruise-like lesions were seen at an average of 8.4 weeks in age but were seen more than a year after the injury. We conclude that bone bruises frequently occur in patients with ankle sprains, and the marrow changes may be caused by one of the three proposed mechanisms.
Glyoxalase I Is Critical for Human Retinal Capillary Pericyte Survival under Hyperglycemic Conditions*

Retinal capillary pericytes undergo premature death, possibly by apoptosis, during the early stages of diabetic retinopathy. The α-oxoaldehyde, methylglyoxal (MGO), has been implicated as a cause of cell damage in diabetes. We have investigated the role of MGO and its metabolizing enzyme, glyoxalase I, in high glucose-induced apoptosis (annexin V binding) of human retinal pericyte (HRP). HRP incubated with high glucose (30 mm d-glucose) for 7 days did not undergo apoptosis despite accumulation of MGO. However, treatment with a combination of high glucose and S-p-bromobenzylglutathione cyclopentyl diester, a competitive inhibitor of glyoxalase I, resulted in apoptosis along with a dramatic increase in MGO. Overexpression of glyoxalase I in HRP protected against S-p-bromobenzylglutathione cyclopentyl diester-induced apoptosis under high glucose conditions. Incubation of HRP with high concentrations of MGO resulted in an increase of apoptosis relative to untreated controls. We found an elevation of nitric oxide (NO·) in HRP that was incubated with high glucose when compared with those incubated with either the l-glucose or untreated controls. When HRP were incubated with an NO· donor, DETANONOATE ((Z)-1-[2-(2-aminoethyl)-N-(2-ammonioethyl)amino]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate), we observed both decreased glyoxalase I expression and activity relative to untreated control cells. Further studies showed that HRP underwent apoptosis when incubated with DETANONOATE and that apoptosis increased further on co-incubation with high glucose. Our findings indicate that glyoxalase I is critical for pericyte survival under hyperglycemic conditions, and its inactivation and/or down-regulation by NO· may contribute to pericyte death by apoptosis during the early stages of diabetic retinopathy.
Synchrophasor-Based Monitoring of Critical Generator Buses for Transient Stability

Many interconnected power systems are constructed to meet the ever-increasing electric power transfer demand. A disturbance anywhere in such an interconnected system will directly influence the power transfer capability of major transfer interfaces, as well as the transient stability of the system. Instead of the current practice of monitoring the power transfer limit on a given interface, this paper proposes a real-time synchrophasor method to monitor the stability margin using generator phase angle differences and alert operators of the potential risk to the system at the steady state operation. This is accomplished by developing an algorithm to directly correlate the phase angle separation of critical generator bus pairs to power transfer on major interfaces. These critical generator bus pairs are selected systematically through transient stability simulation. The Eastern North American power system is used as a platform to illustrate the utility of the proposed method.
Health information system success framework based on user requirements perspective

Although the success of Health information system (HIS) has attracted many researchers to investigate the factors that affect the net-benefit in the success framework, to date, there is no comprehensive framework available for the success of the HIS, which takes the impact of user requirements factors in developing countries. Therefore, the present study addressed this gap by proposing a success framework which integrates the HIS quality and HIS user dimensions in the context of Yemen. The HIS users dimension includes the following factors: user requirements, user need, intention to use and user satisfaction. To validate the integrated framework, a quantitative method was used in which a self-administered structured questionnaire was distributed to a total of 250 employees, under HIS departments in seven hospitals in the capital Sanaa, Yemen. SPSS.VS.22.0 and AMOS VS.22 were used to design and analyze the framework. The results revealed that the factors in the HIS users have positive effect on the net benefit. In addition, the factors in the HIS users are influenced by the factors in the HIS quality. The Deleon’s and Mclean’s results indicated that the HIS quality has a positive relationship with the net benefits.
Allelic and Epitopic Characterization of Intra–Kidney Allograft Anti‐HLA Antibodies at Allograft Nephrectomy

The reasons for the increased incidence of de novo anti–human leukocyte antibody (HLA) donor‐specific antibodies (DSAs) observed after kidney allograft nephrectomy are not fully understood. One advocated mechanism suggests that at graft loss, DSAs are not detected in the serum because they are fixed on the nonfunctional transplant; removal of the kidney allows DSAs to then appear in the blood circulation. The aim of our study was to compare anti‐HLA antibodies present in the serum and in the graft at the time of an allograft nephrectomy. Using solid‐phase assays, anti‐HLA antibodies were searched for in the sera of 17 kidney transplant patients undergoing allograft nephrectomy. No anti‐HLA antibodies were detected in the graft if they were not also detected in the serum. Eleven of the 12 patients who had DSAs detected in their sera also had DSAs detected in the grafts. Epitopic analysis revealed that most anti‐HLA antibodies detected in removed grafts were directed against the donor. In summary, our data show that all anti‐HLA antibodies that were detected in grafts were also detected in the sera. These intragraft anti‐HLA antibodies are mostly directed against the donor at an epitopic level but not always at an antigenic level.
Comparative studies on the structural phosphoproteins of mammalian type C viruses

The major phosphoprotein common to woolly monkey sarcoma virus, gibbon ape lymphosarcoma virus, and type C viruses of the lower mammalian species (mouse, rat, cat), with the exception of the endogenous cat virus (RD-114), is the polypeptide of about 12,000 molecular weight. The protein-phosphate bond in this polypeptide of several viruses is of the phosphoserine variety excepting gibbon ape virus, which contains both phosphoserine and phosphothreonine. The primary phosphoprotein of RD-114 virus and the endogenous baboon type C virus, on the other hand, is the polypeptide of about 15,000 molecular weight which contains phosphothreonine as its phosphoamino acid. A second major phosphoprotein of molecular weight of 10,000 is detected only in viruses genetically related to rat species including those derived from the RPL cell line, from Sprague-Dawley rat embryo cells, and the Kirsten mouse sarcoma virus which was recovered from a mouse erythroblastosis virus after in vivo propagation through rat. These phosphorylated polypeptides of molecular weight 15,000, 12,000, or 10,000 are present in the virion structure in several different but nonrandom phosphorylated states.
A simulation to assess the conditions required for high level heterosexual transmission of HIV in Africa

We used a previously described simple compartment model to simulate the conditions required for heterosexual (penile-vaginal) contact to be responsible for 80% or more of transmission of HIV in Africa. In general, the configurations required substantially exceed reported survey and other data for the number of sexual partners, the transmission probabilities, and the distribution of HIV prevalence in population segments. Though the model does not capture nuances of transmission dynamics, it does offer an approximation of the gap between empirical data and current hypotheses.
Almost satisfaction of a joint connectivity condition for multi-agents in a bounded plane

In a flocking scenario of multi-agent systems, the connectivity of the group of agents is caused either by individual's local cohesion interaction mechanism or by external boundary constraints. The latter case is particularly interesting when an individual's cohesion ability is not reliable due to the limitation of communication range. The effect of external boundary constraints on the connectivity property of multi-agents has been intensively investigated in natural observation and engineering simulation. A theoretical analysis is given in this paper which reveals that a group of agents in a bounded plane can be almost always jointly connected and hence form a complete flock.
Exploring Food Security among Elderly Residents in Carrollton and Farmers Branch, Texas

Many senior citizens are surviving on minimal Social Security benefits and as a result, struggle with food security. Metrocrest Services in Farmers Branch, Texas, a suburb of Dallas, is a non-profit organization that provides several food programs to residents of the community including some programs that are specifically tailored to the needs of senior citizens. This project was to provide Metrocrest with an assessment of the food security of their senior clientele as well as other elderly residents of the Metrocrest service area and to evaluate the current senior focused programs. The project utilized qualitative research including both Metrocrest clients and residents who were not Metrocrest clients bot whose demographics were similar. The objectives were to determine the coping skills used by senior citizens in obtaining food, to assess seniors' awareness of the programs offered by Metrocrest, to discover barriers to accessing needed resources and to make recommendations of how programs could be improved or modified if needed. Through my research, I was able to present Metrocrest with a number of recommendations to improve their existing programs. I was also able to recommend some potential new programs that could be designed in conjunction with local senior centers to better serve the community.
Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies: Open Data Policy--Managing Information as an Asset

In order to create a clean energy economy that will increase our Nation's prosperity, promote energy security, combat climate change, protect the interests of taxpayers, and safeguard the health of our environment, the Federal Government must lead by example. During my Administration, Federal agencies have reduced their annual greenhouse gas emissions by more than 15 percent (7.8 million metric tons) -the equivalent of removing 1.5 million cars from the road. Today I am establishing new goals for renewable energy as well as new energy-management practices.
The Market for Farmers‘ Food Products in the Czech Republic

The purpose of writing this article is to characterize the market with farm-produced and premium food products in the Czech Republic and to express its current structure in terms of the ownership of the decisive companies in the given market. The originality of this article is based on the application of the model of monopolistic competition into the conditions of the market with farm-produced and premium food products in the Czech Republic. The methodology used for writing the article is based mainly on the description of individual market entities offering farm-produced food products in the Czech Republic. It is also based on a comparative analysis of the development of indicators signifying the number and financial performance of the monitored companies in the recent years. The Sklizeno Foods grocery store network has become a clear leader in the growing market of farm-produced and premium food products. In 2018, it was supposed to include 80 establishments, and the turnover should reach the amount of CZK 750 million. However, it will still be a small fraction of the total food consumption in the Czech Republic, as the local products and organic food do not currently reach even one percent.