Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Independent Review of the Effects of Alcohol Pricing and Promotion

This entry is our account of a study selected by Drug and Alcohol Findings as particularly relevant to improving outcomes from drug or alcohol interventions in the UK. C lick here for copyright and permissions to copy and adapt. The original study was not published by Findings; click on the Title to obtain copies. Links to source documents are in blue. Hover mouse over orange text for explanatory notes. The Summary is intended to convey the findings and views expressed in the study. Below are some comments from Drug and Alcohol Findings.
Analysis of fade dynamics and cloud absorption using beacon data and atmospheric profiles

Fade duration, fade slope and cloud absorption are analyzed using results from measurements at CRC of the 20-GHz beacon of the Anik F2 satellite and from a 12-frequency profiling radiometer. The impact of low-pass filtering on fade duration and slope statistics derived from Anik F2 beacon data is discussed. The performance of four models predicting fade duration statistics, including one developed at CRC, is evaluated and discussed. Fade slope distributions show dependence on fade level and general symmetry between positive and negative slopes. Slope statistics are compared to predictions generated by the ITU-R model. The impact of absorption due to cloud liquid on the excess beacon attenuation is compared with predictions based on the ITU-R model, using the retrieved liquid water path and scaled cloud attenuation at 30 GHz extracted from the profiling radiometer brightness temperature data.
Major Insects of Wheat: Biology and Mitigation Strategies

Wheat is one of the major cereal crops with annual global production over 600 MT from about 200 M hectares (FAO 2012). The cultivation of wheat started about 10,000 years ago as part of the Neolithic revolution which state a transition from hunting and gathering of food to settle agriculture. Earlier cultivated forms of wheat were diploid (einkorn) and tetraploid (emmer) with known initial origin of the south-eastern part of Turkey (Dubcovsky and Dvorak, 2007). Subsequent evolutionary adaptation and continuous research produced hexaploid bread wheat that is currently widely adapted in about 95% area of world wheat. Globally, all crop production practices are being highly challeged by biotic and abiotic stresses. Biotic stresses especially insect pests and dieseases causes devastating damage in terms of yield and quality. On average pests cause 20-37% yield losses woldwide which translating to approximately $70 billion annually (Pimentel et al., 1997). In agro-ecosystems, herbivore insects are abudant and likely to colonise within same population and disperse from one crop field to another de‐ pending on the availablility of plant tissues and feeding behaviour of insects. Quantitative feeding style of the herbivore insect on specific crop resulting significant damage to the crop during the entire life cyle which is believed specific insect as pest of that perticular crop. Single pest may attack multiple crops within single growing season that make crop rotation and pest management more challenged. Wheat producing areas encounter with either sucking and pericing pests or plant tissue feeding pests. Regional pests also observed in wheat growing areas as major damaging pests woldwide. The breeding strategy againsts these insects/pests heavily rely on the inheritance of resistance mechanism in the crops under consideration. The insect resitance is mainly goverened by three types of mechanisms/genes i.e., oligogenes; where resistance is confered by single genes as in case of hessian fly in wheat, polygenes; where
Schools Facing Exceptionally Challenging Circumstances : A summary of the project evaluation Leadership for Learning

Educational accounts typically focus on schools in the centre of the social mainstream with much less attention to the stories of schools perpetually on the periphery. Such schools on the edge face a constant struggle to forge a closer alignment between home and school, parents and teachers, and between the formal world of school and the informal world of neighbourhood and peer group. The decline of traditional industries has stranded adults and young people on the periphery of economic life and the schools they attend often sit amid the rubble of run down neighbourhoods.
Cluster Headache in the Male: Sex Steroid Pattern and Gonadotropic Response to Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone

Serum testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, D4-androstendione and 17 b-estradiol, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and gonadotropic response to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) were studied in 34 male subjects with episodic or chronic cluster headache (CH). The sex steroid free fractions and those bound to SHBG and albumin were determined by a simulatory computerized method based on the mass action law. Individual steroid values were dispersed over a wide range in CH patients. Total, free and carrier protein-bound testosterone levels were significantly diminished only in chronic CH. where luteinizing hormone (LH) peak values after intravenous administration of LHRH were also decreased. Basal and peak follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were significantly increased in episodic and in chronic CH groups, in comparison to healthy controls.
Study on behavior of stock market volatility in perspective of Malaysia

xvii Stock Market Volatility in Malaysia vi CHAPTER 1 RESEARCH OVERVIEW . 1 1.0 Introduction . 1 1.1 Background of Study . 1 1.2 Problem Statement . 3 1.3 Research Objective . 4 1.3.1 General Objective . 4 1.3.2 Specific Objective . 5 1.4 Research Question . 5 1.5 Hypotheses of Research . 6 1.6 Significant of Study . 7 1.7 Chapter Layout . 8 1.8 Conclusion . 9 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW . 4 2.0 Introduction . 10 2.1 Review of Literature . 10 2.1.1 Stock Market Variability . 11 2.1.2 Inflation Rate of Malaysia as a Determinant of Stock Price Volatility . 12 2.1.3 Exchange Rate Determinant of Stock Price . 14 2.1.4 Foreign Direct Investment of Stock Price Variability . 17 2.1.5 Money Supply . 18 2.1.6 Asian Financial Crisis . 20 2.2 Review of Relevant Theoretical Model . 21 2.2.1 Stock Return . 21 Stock Market Volatility in Malaysia vii 2.2.1.1 Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) . 21 2.2.1.2 Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) . 21 2.2.1.3 Random Walk Theory . 22 2.2.2 Inflation Rate . 23 2.2.2.1 Fisher Effect Theory . 23 2.2.3 Exchange Rate . 23 2.2.3.1 Markowitz‟s Portfolio Theory . 23 2.2.4 Foreign Direct Investment . 24 2.2.5 Money Supply . 24 2.2.5.1 Real Activity Theory . 24 2.3 Proposed Theoretical / Conceptual Framework . 25 2.4 Hypotheses Development . 26 2.5 Conclusion . 30 CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY . 31 3.0 Introduction . 31 3.1 Research Design . 31 3.2 Data Collection . 31 3.2.1 Secondary Data . 32 3.3 Data Processing . 33 3.4 Methodology . 34 3.4.1 Unit Root Test . 34 3.4.2 Ordinary Least Square (OLS) . 35 3.4.2.1 Multicollinearity . 35 3.4.2.2 Heteroscedasticity . 36 3.4.2.3 ARCH Test . 36 Stock Market Volatility in Malaysia viii 3.4.2.4 Autocorrelation . 37 3.4.2.5 Durbin Watson Test . 37 3.4.3 Granger-Causality Test . 38 3.5 Conclusion . 39 CHAPTER 4 Data Analysis . 40 4.0 Introduction . 40 4.1 Descriptive Statistic . 40 4.2 Unit Root Test . 43 4.3 Model Specification . 43 4.3.1 Normality Test . 43 4.3.2 Ramsey RESET Test . 44 4.4 Description of the Empirical Model . 44 4.4.1 Empirical Result Interpretations . 47 4.5 Diagnostic Testing . 48 4.5.1 Multicollinearity . 48 4.5.2 Heteroscedasticity (ARCH Test) . 49 4.5.3 Autocorrelation . 50 4.6 Granger Causality Test . 52 4.7 Conclusion . 53 CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS . 54 5.0 Introduction . 54 5.1 Summary on Statistical Analyses . 54 5.2 Discussions of Major Findings . 56 5.3 Implication of the Study . 57 Stock Market Volatility in Malaysia ix 5.4 Limitations of the Study . 59 5.5 Recommendations for Future Research . 61 5.6 Conclusion . 62 References . 65 Appendices . 78 Stock Market Volatility in Malaysia
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE Original Studies Feasibility of Early Emergency Room Notification to Improve Door-to-Balloon Times for Patients With Acute ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

An algorithm to lower time from first contact in the field by EMS personnel to in-hospital mechanical reperfusion is described. ECG tracings were telemetered via cellular phone to an emergency room physician, who then activated the cardiac catheterization call team to bypass usual delays seen during ER triage. Seventy-one ECGs were sent to the ER in the time interval from October 2003 to October 2004. Five ECGs (7.0%) failed to transmit due to failure of the cellular phone to receive an adequate signal. Sixty-six patients (93.0%) had an adequate ECG transmitted to the ER and six patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction were identified. Door-to-balloon times were lowered to 44 6 17.4 min, a substantial decrease over historical norms that range from 120 min (25th percentile) to 289 min (75th percentile). ' 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Comparison of Tear Film Surface Quality Measured In Vivo on Water Gradient Silicone Hydrogel and Hydrogel Contact Lenses

Objective: Recently, a new water gradient silicone hydrogel material has been introduced for a daily disposable lens. The aim of this study was to assess, in vivo, the prelens tear film surface quality (TFSQ) of this new lens in comparison with that of another daily disposable lens from the same manufacturer. Methods: Eleven subjects wore two pairs of hydrogel nelfilcon A and silicone hydrogel delefilcon A lenses in two nonconsecutive days. The noninvasive lateral shearing interferometry was used to analyze the prelens tear film and distinguish between different contact lens materials. Measurements were taken in natural blinking conditions after 6 hours of wear. Additionally, the subjective comfort was evaluated. Results: The presence of both lenses resulted in a TFSQ reduction as compared with the bare eye condition. Statistically significant (Wilcoxon rank sum test, P<0.012) smaller change in TFSQ was introduced by the water gradient material than the high water content material. A statistically significant correlation between the TFSQ results of the two lenses was found (Pearson correlation coefficient R=0.8, P<0.003), indicating high linearity of the measurement methodology with respect to the tested lens material. The correlation of subjective comfort in lenses was lower and found to be insignificant (R=0.6, P>0.05). Conclusions: Although the prelens TFSQ is not always directly proportional to the lens water content, the results of the in vivo study showed that the new water gradient silicone hydrogel material impact less TFSQ as compared with its predecessor.
MOLECULAR GENETICS AND FANCONI ANAEMIA: NEW INSIGHTS INTO OLD PROBLEMS

Fanconi anaemia: from genes to function For perhaps the last 20 years Fanconi anaemia (FA) has been believed to be due primarily to a defect in DNA crosslink repair. The consistent finding that FA cells are hypersensitive to bifunctional but not to monofunctional alkylating agents has, with good reason, been considered compelling evidence for such a defect. Although direct attempts to measure a crosslink repair defect have continued to give inconsistent results and although a number of other hypotheses to explain FA have been proposed, many workers consider the indirect evidence so compelling that they regard the crosslink hypothesis as proven, and aspects of FA not explained by this as therefore epiphenomena. Cloning of the FAC and FAA genes has enabled new approaches to the study of the FA defect, including generation of transgenic knockout mice, functional correction of FA cells, synthesis of recombinant proteins and generation of specific monoclonal antibodies to FAC and FAA proteins. Much new data has accumulated in the last couple of years, for instance about the location of FA proteins within the cell, and their protein–protein interactions. Rather than clarifying the mechanism of FA, these new approaches have cast significant doubt on any simple DNA repair model, and give support to some of the alternative hypotheses. Four alternative models of FA are still under active examination, based on oxygen hypersensitivity of FA cells, dysregulation of the cell cycle, altered cytokine responses and abnormal apoptotic responses respectively. Although these fail to explain the drug sensitivity pattern of FA cells, they do explain other in vitro aspects of FA and may be more successful than the crosslink hypothesis in explaining in vivo aspects of the disease in patients. We will review these four models and the crosslink hypothesis of FA in the light of the recent evidence, and consider whether there is any possibility of reconciling them.
Correlation of motile sperm density and subsequent pregnancy rates in infertile couples.

By carefully evaluating a group of infertile couples in whom each female factor was identified and corrected, the motile density of the male ejaculate did not appear to contribute significantly to the infertility problem unless it was below 2.5 × 106/mL, as evidenced by similar 6-month pregnancy rates in all other couples.
Improving the Corporate Disclosure Process

Is it time to reform the financial reporting regulations that were established in the early 1900s? Will new regulations improve the corporate disclosure process? The authors conducted a national survey of corporate managers, financial analysts, and portfolio managers to examine their options on disclosure regulation and how companies communicate with the capital markets. Their analysis indicates that, while all three groups think market functioning is imperfect, they do not see a need for increased financial reporting regulation. Rather, the authors' analysis suggests that companies can improve the processes of disclosure and communication by developing a strategy for corporate information disclosure, upgrading the role of the investor relations staff, and voluntarily reporting nonfinancial information. Such improvements would increase management credibility, analysts' understanding of the firm, investors' patience, and, potentially, share value.
The Relationship Between Contact Resistance and Contact Force on Au-Coated Carbon Nanotube Surfaces Under Low Force Conditions

Carbon nanotube (CNT)-coated surfaces are investigated to determine the electrical contact performance under low force conditions. The surfaces under investigation are vertically aligned multiwalled CNTs formed on a silicon substrate and coated with an Au film. These planar surfaces are mated with a hemispherical Au plated probe mounted in a nanoindentation apparatus. The maximum contact force used is 1 mN. The contact resistance of these surfaces is investigated as a function of the applied force and is also studied under repeated loading cycles. The surfaces are compared with a reference Au-Au contact under the same experimental conditions and the results compared to established contact theory. The results show that the vertically aligned multiwalled CNT surface provides a stable contact resistance. This paper shows the potential for the application of CNT surfaces as an interface in low force electrical contact applications.
Development of electronic reader for formaldehyde detection sensor

This paper studies the development of portable electronic reader for detection of formaldehyde gas sensor. This electronic reader can detect the level of formaldehyde concentration, which later translated into voltage level by using PIC 18F4580 microcontroller. Result shows that high concentration of chemical gas, which decoded to high voltage signal can be displayed on screen reader. Three level of detection is set in the programming i.e. reject, quarantine and low-level voltage conditions which translated into high, medium and low concentration of gas respectively. Finally, the result detected by portable electronic reader is correlated well with real-time PC based multi-meter detection.
Preventing Currency Crises in Emerging Markets

Economists and policymakers are still trying to understand the lessons recent financial crises in Asia and other emerging market countries hold for the future of the global financial system. In this timely and important volume, distinguished academics, officials in multilateral organizations, and public and private sector economists explore the causes of and effective policy responses to international currency crises. Topics covered include exchange rate regimes, contagion (transmission of currency crises across countries), the current account of the balance of payments, the role of private sector investors and of speculators, the reaction of the official sector (including the multilaterals), capital controls, bank supervision and weaknesses, and the roles of cronyism, corruption, and large players (including hedge funds). Ably balancing detailed case studies, cross-country comparisons, and theoretical concerns, this book will make a major contribution to ongoing efforts to understand and prevent international currency crises.
Opening the black box

Purpose – To examine empirically the mediating role of relationship quality on the relationships between relational selling behavior, network quality, service recovery, and loyalty, and the moderating role of prior IT experience on the above relationships in ISP service.Design/methodology/approach – Data were obtained via questionnaires from randomly selected ADSL customers of Chunghwa Telecom. The constructs were measured using existing scales. SEM was used to examine the effects.Findings – Relational selling behavior, network quality, and service recovery indirectly influence loyalty through the mediation of relationship quality, consisting of satisfaction and trust. The effects of relational selling behavior on satisfaction and trust are stronger for inexperienced than for experienced customers. Those of network quality on satisfaction and trust are similar for both experienced and inexperienced customers. Those of service recovery on satisfaction and trust are stronger for experienced than for inexper.
Intratracheal instillation of neutrophils rescues bacterial overgrowth initiated by trauma damage-associated molecular patterns

BACKGROUND Nosocomial pneumonias are common in trauma patients and so interventions to prevent and treat nosocomial pneumonia may improve outcomes. Our prior work strongly suggests that tissue injury predisposes to infections like nosocomial pneumonia because mitochondrial debris originating from injured cells contains damage-associated molecular patterns that can reduce neutrophil (PMN) migration into the airway and diminish PMN function in response to bacterial inoculation of the airway. This suggested that putting exogenous “normal” PMN into the airway might be beneficial. METHODS Postinjury pneumonia (PNA) commonly arises in two groups, early, community-acquired PNA (CAP) and later hospital-acquired PNA (HAP). Posttraumatic early-onset CAP and late-onset HAP were modeled in CD-1 mice using Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa instilled intratracheal (i.t.) at clinically relevant times with or without extrapulmonary injuries mimicked by an intraperitoneal application of mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns. We applied bone marrow–derived PMN (BM-PMN) intratracheally to assess their effect on bacterial clearance in the lung. RESULTS BM-PMN instillation i.t. had no untoward clinical effects on recipient animals. In both the early/CAP and late/HAP models, clearance of the bacterial inoculum from the lung was suppressed by mitochondrial debris and restored to uninjured levels by i.t. instillation of exogenous BM-PMN. Furthermore, PMN instillation cleared the inoculum of P. aeruginosa that could not be cleared by uninjured mice. Instillation of PMN into the lung, even across strains (CD-1 vs. C57BL/6) had no injurious effect. CONCLUSION These initial studies suggest PMN instillation (i.t.) is worthy of further study as a potential adjunctive therapy aimed at decreasing the morbidity of lung infections in trauma patients. Moreover, PMN instillation (i.t.) may represent a unique means of preventing or treating pneumonia after serious injury that is completely independent of the need for antibiotic use.
Spectrum of Extra‐Mammary Findings on Breast MRI: A Pictorial Review

(d) (e) Figure 1. Hepatic and renal findings. A 60-year-old woman with recently diagnosed ductal carcinoma in situ. (a) Sagittal T1-weighted image from the localizing sequence demonstrates a vague indistinctly marginated mass in the posterior aspect of the liver (arrow). (b) Sagittal ultrasound image of the liver shows a circumscribed non-shadowing, homogeneously hyperechoic mass (arrow). (c) Axial contrast-enhanced CT was then performed to further evaluate the ultrasound finding and demonstrates a hypodense mass in the posterior right hepatic lobe (arrow) which corresponds in size and location to the MR and ultrasound finding. (d) Another incidental finding noted on the ultrasound in this asymptomatic patient is, as seen on this sagittal image of the right kidney, an exophytic relatively hyperechoic renal mass with central hypoechogenicity at the upper to mid portion (hatched arrows). (e) Axial contrastenhanced CT shows an enhancing mixed attenuation mass arising from the cortex of the right kidney which corresponds to the ultrasound finding in (d) (arrow). Pathology indicated a renal cell carcinoma.
Student Perspectives On Multitasking

People, and in particularly students, are immersed in a technology-enabled world that encourages human multitasking. Yet referent research indicates multitasking behaviors usually result in non-desirable outcomes such as reduced productivity and increased errors. The current survey research was conducted to determine perceptions of college students regarding the impact of multitasking. Do they frequently multitask, do they think multitasking improves their performance, and are there gender differences in their perceptions? The overall results are ‘yes’ to all of the above. Unfortunately, referent research suggests this is an undesirable perspective that will lead to lower performance behaviors. Females tend to believe more strongly that women are better than men at multitasking, although no known empirical research supports this belief. Students view multitasking as relatively more acceptable in a classroom environment than in a business meeting setting, which has potential implications for course administration.
A novel attribute reduction algorithm based on peer-to-peer technique and rough set theory

Rough Set theory is an effective tool to deal with vagueness and uncertainty information to select the most relevant attributes for a decision system. However, to find the minimum attributes is a NP-hard problem. In this paper, we describe a method to decrease the scale of the problem by filtering core attributes, and then employ the checking tree to test the rest attributes from bottom to top by using peer-to-peer technique. Furthermore, we utilize pruning method to enhance the speed and discard the node when one of its child node superset of certain attribute reduction found before. Experimental results show that our parallel algorithm has the high speed-up ratio while the attribute reductions are distributed in the bottom of the tree. In a peer-to-peer network, our algorithm will amortize the required memory on client computers. Accordingly, this algorithm can be applied to deal with larger data set in a distributed environment.
Defect-state occupation, Fermi-level pinning, and illumination effects on free semiconductor surfaces.

Presentation d'un modele physique comprehensif pour les surfaces semi-conductrices libres, a l'equilibre et eclairees, interagissant avec un nombre quelconque d'etats de defauts de volume et de surface monoenergetiques. Determination de la position de la surface de Fermi par l'equilibre de la charge de surface et du champ electrique de surface. Presentation d'une solution analytique approximative pour les equations de transport semi-conductrices