Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ASSESSMENT OF HEPATIC, RENAL,HAEMATOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS AND LEAD BLOOD LEVEL AMONG EGYPTIAN FIRE FIGHTERS.

Background: Firefighters are potentially exposed to hazardous factors(physical,chemical and biological) during their work which endanger their life. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the health hazards in Egyptian fire fighters bymeasuring the blood level of some of these chemicals (lead, carboxyheamoglobin) and by measuring some biochemical parameters. Materials and methods: This study was conducted on 25 fire fighter workers ,their ages ranged between 25-37 years (31± 3.5),working in El Maadi fire fighting station. Besides 25,non-smoker healthy subjects , matched for age that ranged from 22 to 35 (30.5 ± 3.8) number,sex, and socioeconomic status. All participants were subjected to the following laboratory investigations: blood lead level, hemoglobin and carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) concentration, kidney and liver functions. Results: This study showed a statistically significant difference between the exposed group and the control group as regards COHb, levels of blood lead, ALT, creatinine and urea, while there was no statistically significant difference between exposed and control groups as regards B2 microglobulin urine level, AST, Gamma GT, albumin, total protein, haemoglobin concentration and bilirubin. Conclusion: This study points out to the need for more health protective measures to avoid adverse health effects that might endanger firefighters under their highly drastic working conditions.Recommendations: Continuous practical training for implementing workplace environmental control measures and proper use of personal protective equipment should be practiced by all firefighters. Firefighters must be under continuous medical follow -up to allow for early detection of any biochemical or hematological changes.
Life Situations Of Elderly People With Heart Disease: The Impact Of Self-Efficacy On Self-Care

A number of factors are associated with higher readmission rates, disabilities, and morbidity among elderly people with heart disease. There are few studies that have been done on self-efficacy among these individuals. The significance of this study was the identification of this phenomenon as a prognostic factor that could be related to patient outcomes. The researcher of this study analyzed data to identify areas where self-confidence lacks among this population; as a factor that might put patients at risk for readmission. The Cardiac Self-Efficacy Questionnaire was used to measure confidence levels of 20 elderly people, between the ages of 65 and 101 with heart disease. This instrument was administered to those individuals who reside at the Chai House, a senior residential living facility in Northern California. Most of the subjects also visit the nurse-managed center there. The study provided evidence that more attention needs to be focused on increasing self-efficacy around issues related to self-care measures.
Knee injuries and landings in netball: An injury prevention saga

Knee injuries sustained in netball have become an emotional issue both in netball circles and in the general population. This interest is mainly due to sensationalised media reporting based on minimal, if any, factual or scientific evidence. Netball in Australia is mainly played by females, with over 350,000 players registered with Netball Australia (NA). It has been estimated that one in every seven females in Australia has been or is involved in netball in some way.
On the Complexity of the Circuit Obfuscation Problem for Split Manufacturing

Recent work in the area of computer hardware security introduced a number of interesting computational problems in the context of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). In this thesis, we pick one of these problems, circuit obfuscation — a combinatorial optimization problem — and study its computational complexity. First, we prove that the problem is NP-hard. Next, we show it to be in the class of MAX− SNP optimization problems, which means it is inapproximable within a certain constant (2.08) unless P = NP. We then use a reduction from the maximum common edge subgraph problem to prove a lower bound on the absolute error guarantee achievable for the problem by a polynomial-time algorithm. Given that the decision version of the problem is in NP, we investigate the possibility of efficiently solving the problem using a SAT solver and report on our results. Finally, we study a slightly modified version of the problem underlying a generalized hardware security technique and prove it to be NP-hard as well.
An invariant of scale-free graphs

In many applications (including biology and the study of computer networks) graphs are found to be scale-free. It has been argued that this property alone does not tell us much about the structure of the graph. In this paper, we introduce a numerical characteristic of a graph, which we call the astral index, and which can be calculated efficiently. We demonstrate that the Barabasi-Albert algorithm for generating scale-free graphs produces not just scale-free graphs, but only scale-free graphs with a constant astral index. On some examples of biological graphs, we see that they not only are scale-free, but also share the value of the astral index with Barabasi-Albert graphs. For comparison, we demonstrate that the Erdős–Renyi model for generating random graphs also generates only graphs with a constant astral index, whose value significantly differs from that of graphs generated by the Barabasi-Albert algorithm.
Hexasphere—Redundantly Actuated Parallel Spherical Mechanism asa New Concept of Agile Telescope

The paper deals with the description of a new concept for a spherical mechanism for agile telescopes. It is based on redundantly actuated parallel kinematical structure. Due to the three times overactuated structure and application of several further innovative concepts, the Hexasphere achieves the movability of 100 degrees. This enables the use of a Hexasphere as the basis for mounts of telescopes. Such telescopes can be optimized for minimum weight or for maximum dynamics. The proposed mechanism is expected to play a role in novel robotic telescopes nowadays used in many fields of astronomy and astrophysics, with emphasis on automated systems for alert observations of celestial gamma-ray bursts.
An Investigation on the Shortage of Accounting Teachers and Its Effect on High Schools Pass Rates in Vhembe District Limpopo Province, South Africa

Abstract This study was motivated by the numerous requests from a number of high schools in the Vhembe District to the University of Venda for teaching assistance in accounting. The objective of the study was to investigate and understand the causes of shortage of high school accounting teachers, and the consequent impact on students’ pass rates in the subject of accounting in the Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa. The study used both desk research and questionnaire interview to assess the impact of the problem. The study reveals that, while there was a general shortage of accounting teachers, some schools were under-staffed, while others were actually over-staffed. In addition, the study identified teachers’ lack of adequate subject knowledge, and problems of curriculum implementation strategies as contributing to students’ low pass rates. To address these challenges, it is recommended that the government give high priority to resource allocation for retraining of teachers and also to improve the terms and conditions for teachers.
Shadowing effects on the microstructure of obliquely deposited films

Two spatial dimension front tracking simulations have been performed to study the growth of polycrystalline, faceted films from randomly oriented nuclei by varying the deposition angle of the incident flux during physical vapor deposition. The orientation of grain columns, the porosity, the crystallographic texture, and grain size are sensitive to the deposition angle. The origin of this effect is widely believed to be associated with shadowing. In order to isolate the effects of shadowing from other physical effects (such as surface diffusion, deposition species size, flux divergence, etc.), we have constructed a simulation where all of these effects are completely removed. These simulations demonstrate that while many of the observed structural properties of obliquely deposited films are controlled by shadowing, a few key properties cannot be attributed solely to shadowing.
20 / 2012 Trends in Health and Socio-Economic Status , proximal and remote determinants in a cohort study

In this paper, we contribute to discussion on the SES-health gradient in the UK, using a sample of about 10000 children drawn from the 1970 British Cohort Study. We apply latent growth curve modeling techniques to analyse the relationship between the progression of different aspects of socioeconomic disadvantages and physical and psychological health during adulthood, as well as the lasting impact of childhood circumstances on such relationships. We consider three distinct but interconnected domains of adult SES: education, income, and social class and we disentangle the complex mechanisms underlying the association between the domains of SES and health during adulthood. Our results confirm that the progression of the SES-health gradient through adulthood is founded upon complex relationships generated by casual impacts of SES on health and by selection mechanisms, both beginning in early life and continually operating through the life cycle. Indeed, on the one hand we find that childhood health and socioeconomic circumstances play a crucial role in determining SES position and health status later in life, being also significantly related to the trajectory of SES and health over time. On the other hand, we see that feedbacks mechanisms operate in adulthood as well, and we emphasise that the processes through which the education, income and social class affect and are affected by health during adulthood differ according to the specific domain of SES considered.
MicroRNA Dysregulation in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck

Head and neck cancers refers to cancer arising in the head or neck regions including parnasal sinuses, nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oral cavity, salivary gland, oropharynx, pharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, and lymph node. Histologically, squamous cell carcinoma is the predominant form. The cancer progenitor cells are premalignant cells in the mucosa layer of head and neck. Cumulative genetic and epigenetic alterations lead to behavioural changes from hyperplasia to invasive carcinoma. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. It is the 4th most common cancer among men in the European Union (Black et al., 1997). In United State, over 12,000 patients died from HNSCC every year (Altekruse et al., 2008). Globally, there are approximately 650,000 new cases of HNSCC and 350,000 patients dying from HNSCC annually (Parkin et al., 2005). Most patients will develop local-regional disease with cervical lymph node involvements. HNSCC is heterogeneous in nature. Early disease might not have any symptoms. Further, the inconspicuous locations of some HNSCC make it difficult to be identified at the early stages. Thus, patients arrive at the clinic by large present late and have poor prognosis. The overall survival rate of HNSCC patients is about 50% (Stell, 1989; Argiris et al, 2004). Development of local recurrence, distant metastasis and secondary primary tumor is also common in HNSCC. Despite the advances of cancer treatment in last several decades, the overall survival rate of HNSCC did not have much improvement (Stell, 1989; Argiris and Eng, 2003).
Complementarity between Environmental Efficiency and Labour Productivity in a Cumulative Growth Process

The aim of this paper is to analyse the potential complementarity between environmental efficiency and labour productivity within growth process in theoretical and empirical terms. Firstly, I analyse the theoretical elements that justify the positive relationship between the two efficiencies. Secondly, through a Structuralist-Keynesian baseline model, I illustrate how this complementarity is a necessary condition to obtain ecologically sustainable cumulative growth. Finally, I verify this complementarity with a Dynamic Panel analysis for the European countries in the period 1992-2012 at macro level and manufacturing sector level.
Chk1 Inhibition Restores Inotuzumab Ozogamicin Citotoxicity in CD22-Positive Cells Expressing Mutant p53

Inotuzumab ozogamicin (IO) is an anti-CD22 calicheamicin immunoconjugate that has been recently approved for the treatment of relapsed or refractory B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (r/r B-ALL). We employed both immortalized and primary cells derived from CD22-positive lymphoproliferative disorders to investigate the signaling pathways contributing to IO sensitivity or resistance. We found that the drug reduced the proliferation rate of CD22-positive cell lines expressing wild-type p53, but was remarkably less effective on cells exhibiting mutant p53. In addition, CD22-positive cells surviving IO were mostly blocked in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle because of Chk1 activation that, in the presence of a wild-type p53 background, led to p21 induction. When we combined IO with the Chk1 inhibitor UCN-01, we successfully abrogated IO-induced G2/M arrest regardless of the underlying p53 status, indicating that the DNA damage response triggered by IO is also modulated by p53-independent mechanisms. To establish a predictive value for p53 in determining IO responsiveness, we expressed mutant p53 in cell lines displaying the wild-type gene and observed an increase in IO IC50 values. Likewise, overexpression of an inducible wild-type p53 in cells natively presenting a mutant protein decreased their IC50 for IO. These results were also confirmed in primary CD22-positive cells derived from B-ALL patients at diagnosis and from patients with r/r B-ALL. Furthermore, co-treatment with IO and UCN-01 significantly increased cell death in primary cells expressing mutant p53. In summary, our findings suggest that p53 status may represent a biomarker predictive of IO efficacy in patients diagnosed with CD22-positive malignancies.
Discovering Web Document Clusters with Self-Organizing Maps

The self-organizing maps (SOM) represent a data mining and visualization method for complex high dimensional data sets. We have applied the SOM model in Web mining, by giving sets of documents as input data space for SOM. The result o f applying SOM on a set of documents is a map of documents, which is organized in a meaningful manner so that documents with similar content appear at nearby locations on the two-dimen sional map display. A document map clusters the data, resultin g in an approximate model of the data distribution in the h igh dimensional document space. The paper describes some promising experimental results, where a couple of meaningful clusters have been discovered by our system in a subset of the “20 new sgroups” data set. The clustering capability of our system allows users to find out quickly what is new in a Web site of interest by co mparing the clusters obtained from the site at different moment s in time.
The Changing Composition of FDI to the Poorest Nations and the Need for a Competition Culture supported by Regulatory Institutions and Openness.

Like their wealthier counterparts, the poorest developing economies saw their share of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the form of mergers and acquisitions (M&A), and privatizations rise in the late 1990s. To be sure, greenfield investments still dominated overall FDI inflows, but certain sectors (notably utilities) saw considerable M&A by overseas firms. Without in any way diminishing the potential benefits of overseas takeovers and participation in privatization deals, policymakers need to be aware of-and take action against-the possible deleterious effects that can occur when foreign investors exercise market power against domestic consumers and producers. A first line of defense is to ensure that domestic barriers to entry remain as low as possible. A second line of defense-which is particularly powerful in tradeable sectors where the distribution channels are not all owned by manufacturers-is to have no policy-induced impediments to trade. A third line of defense is an open FDI regime, which allows other overseas investors to chase profitable opportunities. Unfortunately, bitter experience has taught is that sometimes these three lines of defense are not enough-and that carefully calibrated interventions to support a competition culture are needed. The widespread adoption of competition laws in developing world in the 1990s suggests that this lesson has been learnt. Moving from legislation to legal implementation is the next challenge-and provides the final line of defense against the persistent exercise of market power, be it by foreign or domestic firms.
Chemical and isotopic geothermometers to estimate geothermal reservoir temperature and vapor fraction

According to thermodynamics, the equilibrium constant of a chemical or isotopic fractionation reaction is a state function and in general is a function of two state variables (e.g. temperature and pressure). Depending on the type of species involved in the reaction, it can be used as geothermometer and/or geobarometer. Using these thermodynamic concepts, the chemical and isotopic geothermometers: silica solubility, cation-exchange, methane breakdown, and oxygen-18 in dissolved sulfate and water are revised. The cation exchange geothermometer is a violation of laws of chemistry and thermodynamics, and is not used in this study. The Los Azufres reservoir temperature is in the range 190-310°C with an uncertainty of ±20°C and the vapor fraction is 13-85% with uncertainty of ±2%. This suggests the existence of liquid-vapor phase segregation within the reservoir. Geochemical study of geothermal system contemplates an understanding of mechanisms of physical-chemical processes responsible for its origin and evolution. The chemical compositions of fluids (separated vapor and water), collected from fumaroles, hot springs and drilled wells at the Earth surface are determined in the laboratory (Verma, 2002a). In the geothermal industry, the estimation of deep reservoir temperature is essential for proper mining and utilization of geothermal heat. Consequently, various geothermometers have been proposed: silica solubility geothermometers, cation exchange geothermometers, gas geothermometers and stable isotope geothermometers. This article describes the chemical and isotopic geothermometers from the thermodynamic point of view and presents their application in determining the reservoir characteristics of Los Azufres geothermal system, Mexico. 2. AN OVERVIEW ON THERMODYNAMICS Human being has invented various types of machines to convert different types of energies into work for making life more comfortable. In these energy conversion processes, the mankind has learnt the existence of some rules of nature which are known as the laws of thermodynamics: 0 th law: definition of temperature, 1 st law: conservation of energy and 2 nd law: direction of spontaneous process. Thermodynamic laws were well established by the end of nineteenth century and various excellent textbooks were written in the twentieth century to describe these laws from different points of view (Verma, 2006). The intensive parameters (i.e. molar quantity in the case of extensive parameters) are here used to avoid the consideration of mass factor. 1. Temperature (T), pressure (P), volume (V), internal energy (U), enthalpy (H), entropy (S), Gibbs free energy (G), Helmholtz energy (A), conductivity, solubility, equilibrium constant of a chemical reaction, etc. are state functions. 2. Any two state functions are sufficient and necessary to define completely a pure homogeneous system in a phase. 3. The variation of a state function between two points is independent of trajectory (path) and the past history of the
Limited Asset Market Participation, Income Inequality and Macroeconomic Volatility

By introducing external consumption habits and Limited Asset Market Participation in an otherwise standard New Keynesian DSGE model we uncover a causality link between limited asset market participation, consumption inequality and macroeconomic volatility. We also obtain that monetary contractions have redistributive effects in favour of asset holders, broadly confirming the findings in Coibion et al. (2012). Finally we analyze the impact of redistributive fiscal policies that target consumption inequality between households groups. Such policies have beneficial implications for macroeconomic stability, bringing the dynamic performance of the model close to the one generated by representative-agent DSGE models.
Forage yield and quality of marandugrass fertigated with treated sewage wastewater and mineral fertilizer

The high consumption of water in irrigated agriculture and lack of alternative water sources make reusing sewage water a highly promising option for irrigation. This paper is aimed at evaluating Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu forage quality and yield when fertigated with treated sewage wastewater (TSW) and mineral fertilizer, in the 2013 and 2014 crop years in Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. A homogeneous water depth was applied using a triple-line sprinkling irrigation system under a gradual TSW application, using the following TSW and water ratios: E5 = 1.0; E4 = 0.87; E3 = 0.6; E2 = 0.31, E1 = 0.11, and E0 = 0.0. Annual biomass yield increased with the TSW application, ranging from 31.3 to 47.4 Mg ha -1 in 2013 and from 25.7 to 56.9Mg ha -1 in 2014, for E1 and E5, respectively. Forage yield had marked seasonality, with the highest values in summer (35.9 to 44.7%) and spring (35.7 to 38.4%) and the lowest ones during the fall-winter seasons (19.6 to 25.7%). Despite the high nitrogen rates (1,132 kg ha -1 ), maximum forage yield was not achieved, hence further nitrogen increments would still enhance yield. Forage improved quality has counterbalanced the low fall-winter yields in terms of crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF).
Sliding viscoelastic drops on slippery surfaces

We study the sliding of drops of constant-viscosity dilute elastic liquids (Boger fluids) on various surfaces caused by sudden surface inclination. For smooth or roughened hydrophilic surfaces, such as glass or acrylic, there is essentially no difference between these elastic liquids and a Newtonian comparator fluid (with identical shear viscosity, surface tension, and static contact angle). In contrast for embossed polytetrafluoroethylene superhydrophobic surfaces, profound differences are observed: the elastic drops slide at a significantly reduced rate and complex branch-like patterns are left on the surface by the drop's wake including, on various scales, beads-on-a-string like phenomena. Microscopy images indicate that the strong viscoelastic effect is caused by stretching filaments of fluid from isolated islands, residing at pinning sites on the surface pillars, of the order ∼30 μm in size. On this scale, the local strain rates are sufficient to extend the polymer chains, locally increasing the extensional viscosity of the solution, retarding the drop and leaving behind striking branch-like structures on much larger scales.