Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
4D-CT reconstruction with unified spatial-temporal patch-based regularization

In this paper, we consider a limited data reconstruction problem for temporarily evolving computed tomography (CT), where some regions are static during the whole scan and some are dynamic (intensely or slowly changing). When motion occurs during a tomographic experiment one would like to minimize the number of projections used and reconstruct the image iteratively. To ensure stability of the iterative method spatial and temporal constraints are highly desirable. Here, we present a novel spatial-temporal regularization approach where all time frames are reconstructed collectively as a unified function of space and time. Our method has two main differences from the state-of-the-art spatial-temporal regularization methods. Firstly, all available temporal information is used to improve the spatial resolution of each time frame. Secondly, our method does not treat spatial and temporal penalty terms separately but rather unifies them in one regularization term. Additionally we optimize the temporal smoothing part of the method by considering the non-local patches which are most likely to belong to one intensity class. This modification significantly improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the reconstructed images and reduces computational time. The proposed approach is used in combination with golden ratio sampling of the projection data which allows one to find a better trade-off between temporal and spatial resolution scenarios.
Sensorless direct torque controlled BLDC motor drive with Kalman filter algorithm

Estimation of electromagnetic torque using Kalman Filter for sensorless Direct Torque Controlled (DTC) brushless DC (BLDC) motor having trapezoidal back emf is presented in this paper. Predefined voltage vector from an optimal switching table is used for getting faster torque response in comparison to the conventional speed controlled drive with six step PWM technique. Quasi square wave current is obtained with the control algorithm used for DTC BLDC drive. An estimate of the electromagnetic torque is obtained by using Kalman filter algorithm and is used further for the comparison of reference electromagnetic torque. The error between the two is further used for the selection of voltage vectors from the look up table. The Kalman Filter algorithm is intelligent enough to follow the actual torque waveform and hence it avoids the need of any feedback sensors for Direct Torque Controlled Drive. Also the control algorithm using Kalman Filter is suitable for the noisy environment like measurement and system noises. The proposed scheme is validated from simulation results.
An infrared spectrometer for process monitoring II, chemometry and automatization

We describe a hard and software architecture for process control applications in the chemical, pharamceutical and food industries based on spectroscopic measurements. We argue for the tight integration of the spectrometer itself, the data analysis software and the measurement automatization to achieve situation awareness and predictible real-time behavior and to be able to handle complicated sampling situations, while keeping the programming effort for an individual installation low.
The JCMT Gould Belt Survey: first results from the SCUBA-2 observations of the Ophiuchus molecular cloud and a virial analysis of its prestellar core population

In this paper, we present the first observations of the Ophiuchus molecular cloud performed as part of the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) Gould Belt Survey (GBS) with the SCUBA-2 instrument. We demonstrate methods for combining these data with previous HARP CO, Herschel, and IRAM N2H+ observations in order to accurately quantify the properties of the SCUBA-2 sources in Ophiuchus. We produce a catalogue of all of the sources found by SCUBA-2. We separate these into protostars and starless cores. We list all of the starless cores and perform a full virial analysis, including external pressure. This is the first time that external pressure has been included in this level of detail. We find that the majority of our cores are either bound or virialized. Gravitational energy and external pressure are on average of a similar order of magnitude, but with some variation from region to region. We find that cores in the Oph A region are gravitationally bound prestellar cores, while cores in the Oph C and E regions are pressure-confined. We determine that N2H+ is a good tracer of the bound material of prestellar cores, although we find some evidence for N2H+ freeze-out at the very highest core densities. We find that non-thermal linewidths decrease substantially between the gas traced by C18O and that traced by N2H+, indicating the dissipation of turbulence at higher densities. We find that the critical Bonnor–Ebert stability criterion is not a good indicator of the boundedness of our cores. We detect the pre-brown dwarf candidate Oph B-11 and find a flux density and mass consistent with previous work. We discuss regional variations in the nature of the cores and find further support for our previous hypothesis of a global evolutionary gradient across the cloud from south-west to north-east, indicating sequential star formation across the region.
Is the West Antarctic I e Sheet Disintegrating ?

Data pertaining to the dynamics and history of the west antarctic ice cover are reviewed and interpreted in terms of a possible inherent instability of the ice cover. A study of published dat• concerning the past and present ice cover of West Antarctica indicates that during the last few million years the ice sheet has been retreating in stages, each retreat stage being preceded by an advance of comparable duration. Thus disintegration of the west antarctic ice sheet seems to follow the disintegration pattern of other continental ice sheets and may be the last phase of the wo.rldwide Late Cenozoic ice age. At least some of the retreat stages seem to have been rapid enough to be called surges. Stages of advance seem to have temporarily introduced equilibrium conditions, since equilibrium ice sheet surface profiles can be reconstructed from the moraines, etc., and thus mark the stable limits of each advance. Present ice sheet surface profiles along flowlines entering both the Ronne and the Ross ice shelves from Marie Byrd Land are not equilibrium profiles, suggesting that the west antarctic ice sheet is unstable. An analysis of the grounded portion of the west antarctic ice cover indicates that data relating to the surface profile, ice velocity, and the mass balance are all incompatible with an equilibrium ice sheet. Instability seems to be centered in the major ice streams that drain Marie Byrd Land. An analysis of the floating portion of the west antarctic ice cover indicates that basal melting is most pronounced along the Siple Coast of the Ross ice shelf and causes retreat of the grounding line into Marie Byrd Land. Instability seems to be related to sudden retreats of the grounding line.
Belarus to Bexley and Beyond: Dendrochronology and Dendro-Provenancing of Conifer Timbers

Abstract British dendrochronology is based on the analysis of oak, but over the past few years an English Heritage funded research project has been investigating the viability of analysing conifers used in historic contexts. The primary aim of this is to extend the scope of British dendrochronology to incorporate structures built of coniferous timber. The inclusion of three buildings constructed of Scots Pine in tree-ring list 114 shows that this potential is now starting to be realised. In addition, as the majority of medieval and post-medieval conifer timbers used for building are likely to be imported, successful dating has the added advantage of providing information about the source of timber, and hence the trade in timber during these periods.
The connection between ribophagy, autophagy and ribosomal RNA decay

Ribosomes are essential components of all cells. A large body of knowledge has been accumulated regarding ribosome synthesis and assembly; however, the pathways of normal ribosome turnover, especially rRNA decay, are not known. Some information on ribosome recycling derives from studies on starved yeast cells that use a specialized type of autophagy, called ribophagy, to differentially target ribosomes for degradation. We found that Arabidopsis RNS2, a conserved ribonuclease of the RNase T2 family, is necessary for normal decay of rRNA. Mutants lacking RNS2 activity have longer-lived rRNA, accumulate RNA in the vacuole and show constitutive macroautophagy. Thus, it is clear that normal rRNA decay is necessary to maintain cellular homeostasis. These phenotypes and the subcellular localization of RNS2 in the endoplasmic reticulum and the vacuole suggest that RNS2 participates in a ribophagy-like mechanism that targets ribosomes for recycling under normal growth conditions.
Expression of Numb and Numb-like in the development of mammalian auditory sensory epithelium

The Numb and Numb-like are evolutionarily conserved cell fate-determining factors in mammals. For the first time, we investigate the involvement of the Numb and Numb-like in the developing auditory sensory epithelium. We show that both of them are expressed in the rat auditory sensory epithelium, and the four isoforms of the Numb have dynamic expression patterns during cochlear development. At the early stage of the auditory epithelium development, they occur in all progenitor cells. At the late stage of cell differentiation, they are expressed mainly in the cytoplasm of apical cells and their locations are different. Furthermore, we find overexpression of the Numb or Numb-like, in cochlear whole mount cultures, can upregulate mRNA level of Rath1, which is important in the hair-cell development.
Extending a Fixed-Complexity Sphere Decoder to Obtain Likelihood Information for Turbo-MIMO Systems

A list extension for a fixed-complexity sphere decoder (FSD) to perform iterative detection and decoding in turbo-multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) systems is proposed in this paper. The algorithm obtains a list of candidates that can be used to calculate likelihood information about the transmitted bits required by the outer decoder. The list FSD (LFSD) overcomes the two main problems of the list sphere decoder (LSD), namely, its variable complexity and the sequential nature of its tree search. It combines a search through a very small subset of the complete transmit constellation and a specific channel matrix ordering to approximate the soft- quality of the list of candidates obtained by the LSD. A simple method is proposed to generate that subset, extending the subset searched by the original FSD. Simulation results show that the LFSD can be used to approach the performance of the LSD while having a lower and fixed complexity, making the algorithm suitable for hardware implementation.
Improvement of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder following Left Putaminal Hemorrhage

166 and middle cerebral artery territories. Typically, it occurs after cardiopulmonary arrest, hypovolemic shock, an overdose of narcotics, hypotension after myocardial infarction, or airway occlusion [1, 5] . In a prospective study of 28 patients who had systemic hypotension, 9 had MIB [6] . Moore and Humphrey reported a patient with metastatic brain lymphoma who developed MIB after systemic hypotension during bronchoscopy [7] . In their case, the tumors may have increased the susceptibility of the surrounding tissue to ischemia due to mechanical compression and tumor-surrounding edema, but the main cause of MIB appears to be border zone infarction. In our patient, however, intratumoral hemorrhage was the main cause of MIB. The reason why tumor metastasized symmetrically around bilateral central gyri is unclear. Possibly carcinoma cells had particular affi nity for this area [8] . Another possibility is that tumor metastases may also prefer the watershed areas; it was suggested that tumoral microemboli tend to lodge in the capillaries of the distal parts of the superfi cial arteries [9] . Brachial diplegia is a rare and unique symptom. Its origin, however, may vary, being the cerebral cortex, brainstem, spinal cord, or peripheral nerve. Although most MIB cases are caused by infarcts in border zones between the anterior and middle cerebral artery territories, nonischemic causes, such as tumor and hemorrhage, may also cause MIB.
Prospect of Microwave Negasensors Application for Ecological Monitoring

The principles of operation of new microwave sensors on circuits with negative resistance based - negasensors has been presented. Several negasensors' circuits with capacitive and inductive resistance have been described. Patents protect all presented circuits of negasensors. It was shown that negative active resistance could be used for sensitivity increasing as well as negative inductance and capacitance. Negasensors have high sensitivity, noise immunity and could be manufactured as a single chip without wireless signal transfer. It is necessary to notice that negasensor's sensitivity increases along with the frequency. Prospects of negasensors application at distributed multipoint-measuring systems for ecological monitoring and remote measurements are described. Negasensors could be also applied for microwave optic transformation of signals in telecommunicational networks.
Taches et défauts de structure des incisives permanentes : étude sur 272 patients de moins de 30 ans en Aquitaine

L’essor de nouvelles techniques esthetiques ultra-conservatrices semblent confirmer que les colorations tissulaires, plus ou moins disgracieuses, des incisives permanentes sont de plus en plus presentes aujourd’hui. Nous avons souhaite evaluer la frequence du nombre de patients presentant des taches, les eventuels liens avec des pathologies sous-jacentes et la severite d’atteinte des faces vestibulaires des incisives permanentes. Notre etude sur 272 patients de moins de trente ans issus des services d’Odontologie de Bordeaux met en evidence une prevalence de taches sur les incisives permanentes de 57%, l’arcade maxillaire etant 2,5 fois plus touchee (51%) que l’arcade mandibulaire (20%). Concernant la severite d’atteinte des incisives permanentes, aux maxillaires la repartition des atteintes legere, moderee et severe est assez homogene (de 9 a 12%). A la mandibule, il y a 2,3 fois plus d’atteintes severes des incisives (7%) que d’atteintes legeres ou moderees (2 a 3%). Nous montrons de maniere statistique que les patients atteints de MIH ont 22 fois plus de risque d’avoir une atteinte severe de leurs incisives permanentes (p=0,001 ; OR=22,4 [4,3-116,4]). La definition de l’aspect des taches et leur frequence respective permettent d’orienter le chirurgien-dentiste vers la therapeutique adequate. Les praticiens doivent se former regulierement pour ne pas proposer en premiere intention un traitement trop invasif qui nuirait au patient.
Antigen Presentation by Nonhemopoietic Cells Amplifies Clonal Expansion of Effector CD8 T Cells in a Pathogen-Specific Manner1

Professional APCs of hemopoietic-origin prime pathogen-specific naive CD8 T cells. The primed CD8 T cells can encounter Ag on infected nonhemopoietic cell types. Whether these nonhemopoietic interactions perpetuate effector T cell expansion remains unknown. We addressed this question in vivo, using four viral and bacterial pathogens, by comparing expansion of effector CD8 T cells in bone marrow chimeric mice expressing restricting MHC on all cell types vs mice that specifically lack restricting MHC on nonhemopoietic cell types or radiation-sensitive hemopoietic cell types. Absence of Ag presentation by nonhemopoietic cell types allowed priming of naive CD8 T cells in all four infection models tested, but diminished their sustained expansion by ∼10-fold during lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and by ≤2-fold during vaccinia virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, or Listeria monocytogenes infections. Absence of Ag presentation by a majority (>99%) of hemopoietic cells surprisingly also allowed initial priming of naive CD8 T cells in all the four infection models, albeit with delayed kinetics, but the sustained expansion of these primed CD8 T cells was markedly evident only during lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, but not during vaccinia virus, vesicular stomatitis virus, or L. monocytogenes. Thus, infected nonhemopoietic cells can amplify effector CD8 T cell expansion during infection, but the extent to which they can amplify is determined by the pathogen. Further understanding of mechanisms by which pathogens differentially affect the ability of nonhemopoietic cell types to contribute to T cell expansion, how these processes alter during acute vs chronic phase of infections, and how these processes influence the quality and quantity of memory cells will have implications for rational vaccine design.
Current treatments for renal failure due to multiple myeloma

ABSTRACT Introduction: Renal impairment (RI) is one of the most common complication of multiple myeloma (MM). RI is present in almost 20% of MM patients at diagnosis and in 40%-50% of patients during the course of their disease. Areas covered: Biology along with tools for diagnosis and management of RI are reported in this paper. Papers published in PubMed and reported abstracts up to May 2016 were used. Expert opinion: Moderate and severe RI increases the risk of early death; thus rapid intervention and initiation of anti-myeloma treatment is essential and improves renal outcomes in RI patients. Bortezomib and dexamethasone triplet combinations are the current standard of therapy for MM patients with acute kidney injury due to cast nephropathy; they offer high rates of both anti-myeloma response and renal recovery. Thalidomide and lenalidomide may be used in bortezomib refractory patients. In the relapsed/refractory setting additional treatment options such as carfilzomib, pomalidomide and monoclonal antibodies are available; however, there is limited data for their effects on patients with RI. High dose melphalan with autologous stem cell transplantation should be considered in otherwise eligible patients with RI. Finally, high cut-off hemodialysis membranes do not seem to offer significant additive effects on anti-myeloma therapies.
Suicide risk during antidepressant treatment.

OBJECTIVE In March 2004 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warned physicians and patients regarding increased risk of suicide with 10 newer antidepressant drugs. Available data leave considerable uncertainty regarding actual risk of suicide attempt and death by suicide during antidepressant treatment. The authors used population-based data to evaluate the risk of suicide death and serious suicide attempt in relation to initiation of antidepressant treatment. METHOD Computerized health plan records were used to identify 65,103 patients with 82,285 episodes of antidepressant treatment between Jan. 1, 1992, and June 30, 2003. Death by suicide was identified by using state and national death certificate data. Serious suicide attempt (suicide attempt leading to hospitalization) was identified by using hospital discharge data. RESULTS In the 6 months after the index prescription of antidepressant treatment, 31 suicide deaths (40 per 100,000 treatment episodes) and 76 serious suicide attempts (93 per 100,000) were identified in the study group. The risk of suicide attempt was 314 per 100,000 in children and adolescents, compared to 78 per 100,000 in adults. The risk of death by suicide was not significantly higher in the month after starting medication than in subsequent months. The risk of suicide attempt was highest in the month before starting antidepressant treatment and declined progressively after starting medication. When the 10 newer antidepressants included in the FDA advisory were compared to older drugs, an increase in risk after starting treatment was seen only for the older drugs. CONCLUSIONS The risk of suicide during acute-phase antidepressant treatment is approximately one in 3,000 treatment episodes, and risk of serious suicide attempt is approximately one in 1,000. Available data do not indicate a significant increase in risk of suicide or serious suicide attempt after starting treatment with newer antidepressant drugs.
Fine Estimation Theory for Available Operation of Complicated Large-Scale Network Systems

In this paper, we shall construct mathematical theory based on the concept of set-valued mappings, suitable for available operation of extraordinarily complicated large-scale network systems by introducing some connected-block structures. A fine estimation technique for availability of system behaviors of such network systems are obtained finally in the form of fixed point theorem for a special system of fuzzy-set-valued mappings.
Host response to eggs of S. mansoni. I. Granuloma formation in the unsensitized laboratory mouse.

The schistosome "pseudotubercle"'1 undergoes progressive change from a scantily cellular halo through an epithelioid and giant cell stage to a concentric fibrous scar. Simultaneously, there is progressive de-struction and disappearance of egg substance. The chemical composition of the miracidium and egg shell is unknown, but the life span of the miracidium has been calculated to be 2 I to 32 days 2,3 and contrasts with the persistence of histologic changes and circumoval antibodies in the patient and in the stibophen-treated laboratory mouse.4 When a technique was found for purifying eggs of Schistosoma mansoni to a degree suitable for intravenous injection,5 it was decided to utilize this easily identifiable and nonmultiplying antigenic particle for investigations concerning the pathogenesis of schistosomiasis and the immunopathologic features of granulomatous reaction.
Animal disease agents transmitted by horse flies and deer flies (Diptera: Tabanidae).

Published reports of tabanid transmission of pathogenic agents of animals (including man) are reviewed. Experimental evidence for tabanid transmission of the following disease agents is discussed: viruses (equine infectious anemia, vesicular stomatitis, hog cholera, rinderpest, equine encephalitides, tick-borne encephalitis); bacteria ( Anaplasma marginale, Coxiella bumetii, Bacillus anthracis, Clostridium chauvoei, Pasteurella multocida, Francisella tularensis, Brucella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Leptospira spp.); protozoa [ Besnoitia besnoiti, Haemoproteus metchnikovi, Theileria tarandi rangiferis, Trypanosoma theileri, T. evansi, T. equiperdum, T. vivax, T. congolense, T. simiae, T. brucei brucei, T. b. gambiense (rhodesiense) ] ; and helminths ( Loa loa, Dirofilaria repens, D. roemeri, Elaeophora schneideri, Onchocerca gibsoni ). Results of laboratory and field studies indicate that tabanids are essential for the biological transmission of H. metchnikovi, T. theileri, L. loa, D. roemeri , and E. schneideri and that tabanids are mechanical vectors of the viruses of equine infectious anemia, vesicular stomatitis, hog cholera, and rinderpest; the bacteria A. marginale, B. anthracis, C. chauvoei, P. multocida, F. tularensis, Brucella spp. , L. monocytogenes, E. rhusiopathiae ; and the protozoa B. besnoiti, T. evansi, T. equiperdum, T. congolense, T. brucei brucei, T. b. gambiense (rhodesiense) . The extent to which tabanids are important in the natural mechanical transmission of most of these agents is not known. Indirect modes of transmission involving secondary bloodfeeding insects (at tabanid bite sites) and contaminative transmission of agents adherent to external tabanid structures are briefly discussed.