Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trade Liberalization and Credit Constraints: Reallocations at the Firm Level

Following the idea of heterogeneous firms we examine responses to trade liberalization at the firm level in the presence of capital market imperfections. In our model, entrepreneurs differ in their wealth endowment, causing them to rely differently on external funds. With an imperfect capital market, we show that poor entrepreneurs run smaller firms, are less likely to invest in R&D, and more likely to exit the market. Decreasing trade costs resulting from tariff reductions exacerbate these characteristics. Using firm-level panel data on seven Latin American countries for 2006 and 2010, we find support for our theoretical predictions. While recent studies show a positive effect of trade liberalization on firms' productivity-enhancing activities, we provide novel evidence showing that financial constraints can impair this market size effect on R&D. Furthermore our results suggest that imperfect capital markets can prevent welfare gains from trade liberalization to materialize.
[Survival among renal allograft recipients from non related living donors].

BACKGROUND There is a gap between the number of patients requiring a renal allograft and the number of potential deceased donors (DD). One alternative is using allografts from non-related living donors (NRLD). AIM To compare survival and complications of renal allograft recipients from DD, related living donors (RLD) and NRLD. MATERIAL AND METHODS Observational study of a cohort of renal allograft recipients. Of 253 transplants performed in a Chilean region between 1981 and 2003, 20 patients received and allograft from a NRLD. Graft and patient survival of these patients were compared with those of 93 patients receiving an allograft from a related living donor and 140 receiving it from a DD. Patients were followed for 10 years or until death or dialysis requirement. RESULTS No significant differences between groups in graft and patient survival, deaths with a functioning graft or return to dialysis were observed. Receptors of DD had more hospital admissions during the first years after receiving the graft, usually due to infections. Also a delayed graft function was more common among them. Glomerular filtration rate ten years after the graft was similar among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS No differences in graft or patient survival was observed between patients receiving a renal allograft from NRLD, RLD or DD.
CASE STUDY OF WHY INFORMATION SECURITY INVESTMENT DECISION FAIL

Toivanen, Hanna Case study of why information security investment fail? Jyvaskyla: University of Jyvaskyla, 2015, 76p. Information Systems, Master’s Thesis Supervisor(s): Siponen, Mikko and Tuunanen, Tuure This thesis focuses on information security investment decision making process, and the object is to investigate why decisions fail. The theoretical background of the research consist of previous research, which are mainly conducted from the optimal information security investment, and the efficiency of information security investment perspectives. Previous research have not addressed the problem why information security investment decisions fail, and thus cannot explain the reasoning. A key outcome of the thesis is to provide theory propositions which offers a feasible answer to the research question. This research fills the research gap in the academic literature, and provides guidance to organizations about affecting drivers in the field of information security investment management. This research utilized a research strategy where theory is built from case studies, including four case companies. The study material was gathered with open interviews, and material was analyzed with the inductive content analysis method. Analyzed material was further processed with stage model. This study findings indicated, that the challenge of information security investment management is multilateral. This thesis defined theory propositions and related sub-propositions. According to the defined theory propositions the likelihood of getting the information security investment proposal rejected relates to organizations’ methods and capabilities to define and argue an investment proposal, and to sufficient level of knowledge about information security in management level. The organizational way of working and organizational culture and attitude affect to decision making, as well as the management commitment and support, and political aspects.
Impact of Demographic Variables on Customer Satisfaction in Banking Sector - An Empirical Study

For every organization, customer satisfaction plays vital roles that enhance loyalty and profit. Earlier all sectors focused on Market Orientation, but now they should focus on Customer Orientation for their growth in the competitive market. Due to rapid changes in technology and competition among the banking sectors, it is inevitable for the service organization to study the impact on customer satisfaction. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of demographic variables on customer satisfaction in public sector bank. Chi Square test, Descriptive analysis and Weighted score method was applied. The result revealed that there is no significant relationship between the demographic variables and customer satisfaction except the choice of the bank and the status of residential area.
Preemptive dexamethasone and etoricoxib for pain and discomfort prevention after periodontal surgery: a double-masked, crossover, controlled clinical trial.

BACKGROUND Several anti-inflammatory drugs have been used to reduce pain and discomfort after periodontal surgeries. This study evaluates the efficacy of using etoricoxib and dexamethasone for pain prevention after open-flap debridement surgery. METHODS For this prospective, double-masked, crossover, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial, open-flap debridement surgeries were performed on 15 patients (eight males and seven females, age range 20 to 56 years: mean age +/- SD: 40 +/- 9.7 years) who presented with chronic periodontitis after non-surgical periodontal therapy at three quadrants. Each patient underwent three surgical procedures at intervals of 30 days and received one of the following premedication protocols 1-hour before surgery: group 1 = placebo, group 2 = 8 mg dexamethasone, and group 3 = 120 mg etoricoxib. Rescue medication (750 mg acetaminophen) was given to each patient who was instructed to take it when necessary. Pain intensity and discomfort were evaluated by a 101-point numeric rate scale and a four-point verbal rate scale, respectively, hourly for the first 8 hours after surgery and three times a day on the following 3 days. RESULTS The results demonstrate that groups 2 and 3 present reduced postoperative pain-intensity levels compared to group 1. There were statistically significant differences at the 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 hour-periods after surgery (Friedman test; P <0.05). Furthermore, rescue-medication intake was significantly lower for groups 2 and 3 than for group 1 (analysis of variance; P <0.02). CONCLUSION The adoption of a preemptive medication protocol using etoricoxib or dexamethasone may be considered effective for pain and discomfort prevention after open-flap debridement surgeries.
The Optimal Service Levels of Final Order for Auto Service Parts

The importance of after-sale services is greatly emphasized as the market competition becomes fierce. Among them, the service parts not only provide product after-sale service but also play an important role in competing with competitors in the future. Especially, the supplier of service parts may no longer manufacture the parts after the certain period of time before the end of service period due to production economics. Therefore, the after-sale service providers must place a final order for the service parts to meet future demand before the final production of service parts Hence, this study first establishes a Poisson regression model for individual service part in the end of product life cycle with declining demand. Next, a FCM method is applied to clustering service parts into different groups based on their cost and essentiality such that different service level priorities can be assigned to the groups in order to provide effective inventory management. Furthermore, the newsvendor model considering dead stock cost and lost-sale cost under the aggregate service level constraint is developed to determine the optimal order quantity for each group. Finally, we use the real data provided by a local auto company to compare our model with the current practice of this company. The results show that our model can reduce dead stock cost effectively and meets requested customer service levels for various kinds of service parts.
Chimera and other fertilization errors

The finding of a mixture of 46,XX and 46,XY cells in an individual has been rarely reported in literature. It usually results in individuals with ambiguous genitalia. Approximately 10% of true human hermaphrodites show this type of karyotype. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. It may be the result of mosaicism or chimerism. By definition, a chimera is produced by the fusion of two different zygotes in a single embryo, while a mosaic contains genetically different cells issued from a single zygote. Several mechanisms are involved in the production of chimera. Stricto sensu, chimerism occurs from the post‐zygotic fusion of two distinct embryos leading to a tetragametic chimera. In addition, there are other entities, which are also referred to as chimera: parthenogenetic chimera and chimera resulting from fertilization of the second polar body. Furthermore, a particular type of chimera called ‘androgenetic chimera’ recently described in fetuses with placental mesenchymal dysplasia and in rare patients with Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome is discussed. Strategies to study mechanisms leading to the production of chimera and mosaics are also proposed.
THE CONNECTIVITY BETWEEN MOTIVATION AND EMPLOYEES' PERFORMANCE IN MARKETING ORIENTED ORGANIZATIONS IN NIGERIA

This paper seeks to examine the connectivity between motivation and employees’ performance in marketing oriented organizations. The concern for motivation has been due to presumed relationship between motivation and performance of employees. It has been contented that unmotivated employees are likely to perform below expectation. The methodology involved survey approach which includes the use of questionnaires while the sampling technique adopted in this paper is random sampling technique. Inferential statistics (regression analysis, coefficient of multiple determination (R 2 ) and percentages were used for analyzing the data. The results of the analysis indicate that there is connectivity between motivation and employees performance in marketing oriented organizations. Implicitly there is a significant relationship between motivation and employees performance. The conclusion is that motivation is a vital tool for improving the performance of employees in marketing oriented organizations. The recommendation is that marketing oriented organizations should put in place proactive motivational policies necessary to elicit the best out of employees.
Building it up and taking it down: The regulation of vertebrate ciliogenesis

Primary cilia project from the surface of most vertebrate cells, and function in sensation and signaling during both development and adult tissue homeostasis. Mounting evidence links ciliary defects with a wide variety of diseases, underscoring the importance of understanding how these dynamic organelles are assembled and maintained. However, despite their physiological and clinical relevance, the logic and machinery that regulate ciliogenesis remain largely enigmatic. Here, we summarize emerging data that connect the assembly and disassembly of the primary cilium to cell cycle progression and we examine how determinants of cell architecture, including the planar cell polarity pathway, may regulate ciliogenesis. Additionally, identification of the genes underlying diverse ciliopathies in human patients is shedding light on the regulation of the formation of this complex organelle. Developmental Dynamics 237:1972–1981, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Factors Influencing Kuwaiti Companies' Internet Financial Reporting

The purpose of this study is to investigate empirically factors influencing Kuwaiti companies to disseminate their financial reports on the Internet. A regression model is estimated using logit analysis for a sample of 179 Kuwaiti companies listed on the Kuwait Stock Exchange for 2007 to test the hypotheses of the study. The study’s results indicate that an Internet financial report is significantly influenced by the auditor type, company size and industry type. The results, however, do not provide evidence of a significant relation between Internet financial reports and any of the corporate governance attributes that were examined in this study.
Etiology of lung cancer. Reflections on two decades of research

The causative relationship between tobacco smoking and lung cancer is derived from the following evidence: a dose‐response relationship between smoking (especially cigarettes) and lung cancer; the demographic distribution of this cancer correlating with long‐term smoking habits; the reduced lung cancer rates among ex‐smokers; and the successful production of cancer with tar or inhaled cigarette smoke in a number of animal species. The current data, indicating a reduced lung cancer risk for long‐term filter smokers and a lower carcinogenicity of present‐day cigarettes as compared with cigarettes made 20 years ago, raise the possibility that a further reduction of the carcinogenicity of cigarettes can occur. The epidemiological data are present for which the prediction is made that the incidence of lung cancer in men will level off and eventually decline; that it will become relatively more prevalent in lower socioeconomic groups than it now is, and that the rising trend of the lung cancer rate for women will remain less marked than observed in the past for men.
The effects of continuous, high intensity, white noise on the human sleep cycle.

Eight male college students slept for 8 consecutive nights under conditions of 93 ± 2 dB white noise (N) and under normal quiet conditions (Q). On N nights the percentage of total sleep time spent in stage REM was decreased (p < .001), the percentages of stages 1 and 2 were increased (p < .05, p < .001, respectively) and REM latency was increased (p < .02) compared to Q nights prior to N nights. On Q nights following N nights the percentages of stage REM increased above baseline levels indicating compensatory recovery effects from REM sleep deprivation on the prior N nights. Stages 3 and 4 remained unchanged throughout the study. The reduction in stage REM on N nights was directly attributed to the effects of noise on the CNS and not a secondary result of an increased number of awakenings on N nights.
Circulating Interleukin-1 Beta, Interleukin-6, Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha, and Soluble ICAM-1 in Patients with Chronic Stable Angina and Myocardial Infarction

The changes in serum concentrations of cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) beta, interleukin- 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and a soluble-intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM- 1) has been investigated in patients with stable angina and acute myocardial infarction. Thirty- four patients with stable angina (SA), 15 with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and 20 subjects in the control (C) group were included in the study. The mean serum concentrations of sICAM-1, IL-1-beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha differed signif icantly among the three groups. Serum concentrations of IL-1 beta, sICAM-1, and TNF-alpha were comparable in the AMI and SA groups and higher than those found in the C group (p<0.001). The serum concentration of IL-6 was more than twice as high in the AMI group as compared to the other two groups (p<0.001). The mean serum concentrations of IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 were comparable in the AMI and SA groups and higher than in the C group.
Toxicity and Sources of Pb , Cd , Hg , Cr , As , and Radionuclides in the Environment

2.1 Metal Toxicity . 14 2.1.1 Selected Heavy Metals . 14 2.1.1.1 Lead . 14 2.1.1.2 Cadmium . 16 2.1.1.3 Mercury . 18 2.1.1.4 Chromium . 21 2.1.2 Radionuclides . 22 2.1.2.1 Uranium . 22 2.1.2.2 Radon . 24 2.1.3 Arsenic Pollution . 25 2.1.3.1 Arsenic Speciation and Toxicity . 25 2.1.3.2 Arsenic-Contaminated Countries . 25 2.1.3.3 Clinical Effects . 26 2.2 Metals in Groundwaters . 27 2.2.1 Heavy Metals in Aquifers . 28 2.2.2 Cases and Remediation . 33 2.3 Heavy Metal Pollution Sources . 35 2.3.1 Acid Mine Drainage . 35 2.3.1.1 Chemistry of Acid Mine Water . 35 2.3.1.2 Extent of the Damage . 36 2.3.1.3 Radioactive AMD . 37 2.3.1.4 Treatment of AMD . 38 2.3.2 Metal Finishing and Surface Treatment Operations . 40 2.3.2.1 A Typical Electroplating Process . 43 2.3.2.2 Future Trends in Electroplating . 45 2.3.3 Leather Tanning Process . 45 2.3.3.1 Description of the Chromium Tanning Process . 46 2.3.3.2 Wastes Generated in the Chromium Tanning Process . 48 2.3.3.3 Effl uent Treatment . 50 2.3. 4 Ferrous Metal Industries . 51 2.3. 4.1 Ferrous Metal Processing . 52
Effects of weak nonlinearity on the dispersion relation and frequency band-gaps of a periodic Bernoulli–Euler beam

The paper deals with analytically predicting the effects of weak nonlinearity on the dispersion relation and frequency band-gaps of a periodic Bernoulli–Euler beam performing bending oscillations. Two cases are considered: (i) large transverse deflections, where nonlinear (true) curvature, nonlinear material and nonlinear inertia owing to longitudinal motions of the beam are taken into account, and (ii) mid-plane stretching nonlinearity. A novel approach is employed, the method of varying amplitudes. As a result, the isolated as well as combined effects of the considered sources of nonlinearities are revealed. It is shown that nonlinear inertia has the most substantial impact on the dispersion relation of a non-uniform beam by removing all frequency band-gaps. Explanations of the revealed effects are suggested, and validated by experiments and numerical simulation.
The impact of oxygen and carbon dioxide management on outcome after cardiac arrest

Purpose of reviewTo describe the impact of oxygen and carbon dioxide management on patient outcomes following cardiac arrest. Recent findingsAlthough there are no data that suggest that supplemental oxygen administration during cardiopulmonary resuscitation is harmful, there is concern that 100% oxygen during the postresuscitation phase may be undesirable. The evidence to avoid hyperoxia is limited to animal studies and retrospective clinical studies that examine the association between exposure and outcome. There is a correlation between end-tidal carbon dioxide values during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and resuscitation outcome, yet this correlation is likely to reflect low or absent cardiac output and be a biomarker of illness severity rather than a mediator of injury. Additionally, very limited high-level human data exist on the relationship between arterial carbon dioxide tension and outcome following cardiac arrest. Retrospective studies have identified hypocapnia in the intensive care unit as being independently associated with worse neurological and mortality outcomes in cardiac arrest patients. Although there appears to be sufficient evidence to recommend avoiding hypocapnia after resuscitation, observational data suggest that hypercapnia may be independently associated with a greater likelihood of discharge home amongst cardiac arrest survivors. SummaryCurrent data for oxygen and carbon dioxide management following resuscitation suggest that hyperoxia and hypocapnia may be injurious and should be avoided, and that mild hypercapnia may increase the likelihood of discharge home amongst survivors. Such data should be viewed as hypothesis generating. Randomized controlled trials have commenced to clarify the safety, feasibility and efficacy of targeting different oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions following cardiac arrest.
Label-free detection of DNA hybridization with Au/SiO/sub 2//Si diodes and poly-Si TFTs

Label-free electrical detection of DNA hybridization has been achieved by employing Au/SiO/sub 2//Si MOS diodes and poly-Si TFTs. The detection is based on the modulation of the gate voltage associated with the increased negative charge on the gate upon hybridization. The method can be applied to other bio-reactions that result in a modification of surface dipoles.
Sialorrhea in Parkinson's disease: A review

A significant number of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) experience sialorrhea. This problem can cause social embarrassment, and because saliva pools in the mouth, may lead to aspiration pneumonia. Sialorrhea in PD is thought to be caused by impaired or infrequent swallowing, rather than hypersecretion. Oral medications, botulinum toxin injections, surgical interventions, radiotherapy, speech therapy, and trials of devices may be used to treat sialorrhea in PD, but few controlled trials have been published. This article reviews current knowledge regarding the frequency, etiology, assessment, and treatment of sialorrhea in PD. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Developing a cost-effective brand loyalty program

ABSTRACT What makes a brand loyalty program successful or cost-effective? Interviews of 41 managers of brand loyalty programs were conducted to establish the best practices for such programs. Following this, a study of 132 brand managers and a study of 643 consumers jointly show that brand managers may overestimate the importance of targeting heavy users (or frequent users) and may underestimate the importance of inexpensive reward programs. In reality, low and moderate reward programs that target light users may generate higher incremental sales and may tend to be more profitable than is generally expected.