Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Teaching medicine with a terminology/ontology portal.

UNLABELLED The Health Terminology/Ontology Portal (HeTOP) was developed to provide easy access to health terminologies and ontologie. The repository is not only dedicated to professionals but is also a valuable teaching tool. Currently, it provides access to thirty two health terminologies and ontologies available mainly in French or in English, but also in German, Italian, Chinese, etc. HeTOP can be used by both humans and computers via Web services. To integrate new resources into HeTOP, three steps are necessary: (1) designing a meta-model into which each terminology (or ontology) can be integrated, (2) developing a process to include terminologies into HeTOP, (3) building and integrating existing and new inter & intra-terminology semantic harmonization into HeTOP. Currently, 600 unique machines use the MeSH version of HeTOP every day and restricted terminologies/ontologies are used for teaching purposes in several medical schools in France. The multilingual version of HeTOP is available (URL: http://hetop.eu/) and provides free access to ICD10 and FMA in ten languages. CONCLUSION HeTOP is a rich tool, useful for a wide range of applications and users, especially in education and resource indexing but also in information retrieval or performing audits in terminology management.
Sustaining safe sex: a longitudinal study of a sample of homosexual men

ObjectiveTo assess the maintenance of safe sexual practice. (We use the term ‘safe’ sex throughout the paper, since ‘safe’ is the term adopted by the Australian National Committee on AIDS.) DesignMaintenance was assessed by comparing sexual behaviour with both regular and casual partners reported in a 1986/1987 survey (time 1) with behaviour reported in a second survey in 1991 (time 2). MethodThe 145 homosexually active participants were a non-clinical sample recruited in 1986/1987 by advertisement and followed-up in 1991. A structured questionnaire was administered at both times. Items included questions about the nature of the men's sexual relationships and their sexual practices. ResultsOur findings indicate that the majority of men had sustained safe sex practices. HIV prevention strategies adopted included condom use, avoidance of anal intercourse and negotiated safety (i.e., the negotiated practice of unprotected anal intercourse within regular partnerships of concordant serostatus). ConclusionsNegotiated safety is not the same as relapse.
A simulation study of sample volume sensitivity for oblique pulsed finite beam insonation of Doppler ultrasound flow phantom cylindrical vessels

Our previous analysis of the lumen pressure in Doppler ultrasound flow phantoms subject to continuous wave, infinite beam excitation is extended here to consider the pressure and Doppler sample volume complex sensitivity within a range of solid absorbent tubes typical of those used in Doppler ultrasound flow phantoms insonated with a focussed pulsed ultrasound beam. The beam may be incident on the cylindrical shell from any angle and with any offset from the shell axis. The examples considered are of a 5 MHz beam with a 6 dB lateral fullwidth of 1 mm at the focus and a transducer surface acceleration pulse with standard deviation of 1 /spl mu/s propagating through 10 mm outer diameter, 8 mm inner diameter, Cflex, low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and poly-methylmethacrylate (PMMA) shells surrounded by water at various beam-vessel angles. Our results confirm earlier analyses suggesting that PMMA, being less well matched to the surrounding media, causes much greater distortion of the sample volume sensitivity than Cflex.
Fractionation of hemagglutinating and bacterial binding adhesins of Bacteroides gingivalis

An outer membrane complex containing hemagglutinating and bacterial aggregating activity has been isolated from Bacteroides gingivalis. Examination of the membrane material by biochemical analysis, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and immunological means revealed that the crude outer membrane preparation contained three major proteins and a lipopolysaccharide population that displayed size heterogeneity. At least two membrane proteins as well as the lipopolysaccharide were found to be antigenically active by immunoblot analysis. With gel chromatography and a lipopolysaccharide disaggregating buffer the membrane material was separated into two fractions. An accompanying separation of the two adherence activities was observed. The first membrane fraction, containing mostly protein and carbohydrate material, was found to contain the bacterial aggregating activity. This fraction also contained a high-molecular-weight lipopolysaccharide population. The second membrane fraction, consisting of low-molecular-weight lipopolysaccharide, protein, and loosely bound lipid was found to contain the hemagglutinating activity.
Rosmarinic Acid Alleviates the Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide in Rat Aortic Rings via Activation of AMPK

Endothelial dysfunction is the key player in the development and progression of vascular events. Oxidative stress is involved in endothelial injury. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a natural polyphenol with antioxidative, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study investigates the protective effect of RA on endothelial dysfunction induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Compared with endothelium-denuded aortic rings, the endothelium significantly alleviated the decrease of vasoconstrictive reactivity to PE and KCl induced by H2O2. H2O2 pretreatment significantly injured the vasodilative reactivity to ACh in endothelium-intact aortic rings in a concentration-dependent manner. RA individual pretreatment had no obvious effect on the vasoconstrictive reaction to PE and KCl, while its cotreatment obviously mitigated the endothelium-dependent relaxation impairments and the oxidative stress induced by H2O2. The RA cotreatment reversed the downregulation of AMPK and eNOS phosphorylation induced by H2O2 in HAEC cells. The pretreatment with the inhibitors of AMPK (compound C) and eNOS (L-NAME) wiped off RA's beneficial effects. All these results demonstrated that RA attenuated the endothelial dysfunction induced by oxidative stress by activating the AMPK/eNOS pathway.
Development of a TAPE-Agar Liquid Gel Bandage

In this study, a liquid gel bandage for wound treatment was synthesized using a combination of tannic acid and polyethylene glycol (TAPE). Agar was added as a stabilizer based on the physical properties of the formed product. Ethanol was chosen as solvent based on the resulting drying rate and mixing consistency. The liquid bandage was characterized in terms of its drying, adhesion, and swelling. Also, its antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties were evaluated. The final formulation had a drying time of 5 minutes, a T-peel adhesion yield point of 591.6 Pa, and a swelling ratio of 64%. The gel was also observed to be anti-microbial towards both S. aureus and E. coli, as well as exhibiting cytotoxic effects. Overall, the gel proved to have comparable properties to previously studied liquid bandages yet can be produced at a significantly lower cost.
Analysis of robust collision resolution algorithm with successive interference cancellation and bursty arrivals

A novel tree multiple access algorithm is discussed, which is robust to imperfect successive interference cancellation. The algorithm exploits a single memory location to store the captured packets and thus has feasible complexity. For this algorithm, the performance evaluation is conducted, which focuses on its transmission rate and mean packet delay. Both virtual and actual delays are established analytically. Additionally to Poisson arrivals, bursty arrival model is considered and the analysis is extended respectively. The results are new and important to conclude upon the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Recent advances in understanding basophil functions in vivo

Basophils are mainly known as pro-inflammatory effector cells associated with allergy and helminth infections. Although they were identified over 130 years ago, their in vivo functions are still poorly understood. New insights into basophil development and function have been gained by the development of various transgenic mouse lines and staining techniques to detect and purify these cells from different organs. Several studies over the past few years have identified unexpected functions for basophils, including immunomodulatory properties and interactions with other immune cells. Here, I summarize and discuss the main findings.
Nutritional regulation and requirements for pregnancy and fetal growth Chapter 1 Maternal adaptations to pregnancy and therole of the placenta

Delivery of an optimally grown, viable infant defines a successful pregnancy. Optimal growth is achieved by the interaction of maternal, placental, and fetal systems to deliver maternal nutrients to the placenta, transfer them to the fetus, and maximize their utilization for fetal growth. Pregnancy is characterized by profound changes in thematernal immune,metabolic, cardiovascular, and renal systems to ensure a successful pregnancy and adequate fetal growth. The fetalplacental unit secretes many hormonal signals, the roles of which include redirecting maternal physiology and metabolism to direct substrate toward the fetus and support normal fetal growth. The physiological adaptations of pregnancy begin shortly after conception, indeed before the establishment of a fetalplacental unit, and thus in their early phases must be directed by maternal signals, including those from the corpus luteum. Subsequently feto-placental signals play a major role in regulation of maternal metabolism.This chapter describes thematernal adaptation to pregnancy and the role of the placenta in nutrient transfer to the fetus.
Préparation non paramétrique des données pour la fouille de données multi-tables

Dans la fouille de donnees multi-tables, les donnees sont representees sous un format relationnel dans lequel les individus de la table cible sont potentiellement associes a plusieurs enregistrements dans des tables secondaires en relation un-a-plusieurs. Afin de prendre en compte les variables explicatives secondaires (appartenant aux tables secondaires), la plupart des approches existantes operent par mise a plat, obtenant ainsi une representation attribut-valeur classique. Par consequent, on perd la representation initiale naturellement compacte mais egalement on risque d'introduire des biais statistiques. Dans cette these, nous nous interessons a evaluer directement les variables secondaires vis-a-vis de la variable cible, dans un contexte de classification supervisee. Notre methode consiste a proposer une famille de modeles non parametriques pour l'estimation de la densite de probabilite conditionnelle des variables secondaires. Cette estimation permet de prendre en compte les variables secondaires dans un classifieur de type Bayesien Naif. L'approche repose sur un pretraitement supervise des variables secondaires, par discretisation dans le cas numerique et par groupement de valeurs dans le cas categoriel. Dans un premier temps, ce pretraitement est effectue de facon univariee, c'est-a-dire, en considerant une seule variable secondaire a la fois. Dans un second temps, nous proposons une approche de partitionnement multivarie base sur des itemsets de variables secondaires, ce qui permet de prendre en compte les eventuelles correlations qui peuvent exister entre variables secondaires. Des modeles en grilles de donnees sont utilises pour obtenir des criteres Bayesiens permettant d'evaluer les pretraitements consideres. Des algorithmes combinatoires sont proposes pour optimiser efficacement ces criteres et obtenir les meilleurs modeles.Nous avons evalue notre approche sur des bases de donnees multi-tables synthetiques et reelles. Les resultats montrent que les criteres d'evaluation ainsi que les algorithmes d'optimisation permettent de decouvrir des variables secondaires pertinentes. De plus, le classifieur Bayesien Naif exploitant les pretraitements effectues permet d'obtenir des taux de prediction importants.
Autoimmune pancreatitis

Purpose of review Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is an increasingly recognized clinical condition. Our objective is to provide a concise review of the advances in the past year in our understanding of AIP. Recent findings In a hospital survey from Japan, the prevalence of AIP was estimated at 0.82 per 100 000 individuals. The pathogenesis of AIP remains unclear but a recent report noted that T helper type 2 and T regulatory cells predominantly mediate the immune reaction in AIP. Genetic associations that may predispose to relapse of AIP were reported. Multiple case series further described the clinical profile of AIP and its extrapancreatic manifestations. A large series on immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-associated cholangitis noted that patients with IgG4-associated cholangitis presented with obstructive jaundice and had increased serum IgG4 levels and IgG4-positive cells in bile duct biopsy specimens. Tissue IgG4 staining is likely to be a useful adjunct to serological diagnosis. AIP is steroid-responsive but maintaining remission continues to remain challenging. Presently low-dose steroids or immunomodulators are being used but efficacy of these medications remains to be determined. Summary There has been significant progress in understanding the clinical profile of AIP but knowledge of pathogenesis remains limited. Treatment practices vary widely and management of refractory disease continues to be challenging.
Exploiting Asynchrony for Performance and Fault Tolerance in Distributed Graph Processing

Author(s): Vora, Keval | Advisor(s): Gupta, Rajiv | Abstract: While various iterative graph algorithms can be expressed via asynchronous parallelism, lack of its proper understanding limits the performance benefits that can be achieved via informed relaxations. In this thesis, we capture the algorithmic intricacies and execution semantics that enable us to improve asynchronous processing and allow us to reason about semantics of asynchronous execution while leveraging its benefits. To this end, we specify the asynchronous processing model in a distributed setting by identifying key properties of read-write dependences and ordering of reads that expose the set of legal executions of an asynchronous program. And then, we develop techniques to exploit the availability of multiple legal executions by choosing faster executions that reduce communication and computation while processing static and dynamic graphs. For static graphs, we first develop a relaxed consistency protocol to allow the use of stale values during processing in order to eliminate long latency communication operations by up to 58%, hence accelerating the overall processing by a factor of 2. Then, to efficiently handle machine failures, we present a light-weight confined recovery strategy that quickly constructs an alternate execution state that may be different from any previously encountered program state, but is nevertheless a legal state that guarantees correct asynchronous semantics upon resumption of execution. Our confined recovery strategy enables the processing to finish 1.5-3.2x faster compared to the traditional recovery mechanism when failures impact 1-6 machines of a 16 machine cluster.We further design techniques based on computation reordering and incremental computation to amortize the computation and communication costs incurred in processing evolving graphs, hence accelerating their processing by up to 10x. Finally, to process streaming graphs, we develop a dynamic dependence based incremental processing technique that identifies the minimal set of computations required to calculate the change in results that reflects the mutation in graph structure. We show that this technique not only produces correct results, but also improves processing by 8.5-23.7x. Finally, we demonstrate the efficacy of asynchrony beyond distributed setting by leveraging it to design dynamic partitions that eliminate wasteful disk I/O involved in out-of-core graph processing by 25-76%.
Correlation of Obesity and Osteoporosis: Effect of Fat Mass on the Determination of Osteoporosis

It was previously believed that obesity and osteoporosis were two unrelated diseases, but recent studies have shown that both diseases share several common genetic and environmental factors. Body fat mass, a component of body weight, is one of the most important indices of obesity, and a substantial body of evidence indicates that fat mass may have beneficial effects on bone. Contrasting studies, however, suggest that excessive fat mass may not protect against osteoporosis or osteoporotic fracture. Differences in experimental design, sample structure, and even the selection of covariates may account for some of these inconsistent or contradictory results. Despite the lack of a clear consensus regarding the impact of effects of fat on bone, a number of mechanistic explanations have been proposed to support the observed epidemiologic and physiologic associations between fat and bone. The common precursor stem cell that leads to the differentiation of both adipocytes and osteoblasts, as well the secretion of adipocyte‐derived hormones that affect bone development, may partially explain these associations. Based on our current state of knowledge, it is unclear whether fat has beneficial effects on bone. We anticipate that this will be an active and fruitful focus of research in the coming years.
Toxicometallomics for Research on the Toxicology of Exotic Metalloids Based on Speciation Studies

Tellurium and antimony are widely used in industry because of their unique chemical and physical properties. Although these metalloids, which belong to period 5 of the periodic table of elements, are known to be non-essential and harmful, or the so-called “exotic” elements, little is known about their toxic effects and metabolism. The present review describes the role of speciation in considering the metabolism of tellurium and antimony from the viewpoint of toxicometallomics. Inorganic tellurium in the form of tellurite is reduced and simply methylated in the body. Rat red blood cells accumulate tellurium in the form of dimethylated tellurium, and tellurium is excreted into urine as trimethyltelluronium. Although selenium, which belongs to the same group as tellurium, is known to be excreted in the form of selenosugar as the major urinary metabolite, tellurosugar was not detected by an inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometer hyphenated with an HPLC. Speciation studies revealed that the major metabolic pathway of antimony is oxidation in human and rat, and methylation also occurs as a minor metabolic pathway in humans.
Gold Nanoparticles Stimulated Surface Plasmon Resonance Effects in Erbium-Zinc-Sodium-Tellurite Glass

Modifying the optical characteristics of rare earth (RE) doped inorganic glasses by stimulating surface plasmon resonance (SPR) via controlled growth of metal nanoparticles (NPs) is an outstanding quest in glass plasmonics. Glasses with composition 70TeO2-20ZnO-10Na2O-(x)Er2O3-(y)Au (x = 0.0 and 1.0 mol%; y = 0.0 and 0.6 mol% both in excess) are synthesized using melt-quenching technique and characterized. Influences of heat treatment temperature on the growth of Au NPs and their subsequent impacts on Raman spectral features modifications are inspected. The amorphous nature of glass is confirmed by using XRD. TEM reveal the non-spherical Au NPs with average diameter vary from 7.4 to 10.3 nm. Surface plasmon band is evidenced around 627 - 632 nm. Raman spectra demonstrate the presence of Er-O and Zn-O bond, anti-symmetric vibrations of Te-O-Te bonds and stretching modes of non-bonded oxygen exists in TeO3 and TeO3+1 unit. The amplifications in Raman signals by a factor of 1.39, 1.40, 0.88 and 1.29 and 1.25 corresponding to the peak centered at 262, 382, 536, 670 and 725 cm-1 are attributed to the contribution of a surface plasmon (SP) generating a strong, localized and secondary field. The excellent features of the results suggest that our systematic method of controlled NPs growth may constitute a basis for improving the spectral features of tellurite glasses useful for the development of efficient and economic up-converted lasers.
Regional expression of intestinal genes for nutrient absorption.

Many genes are specifically expressed in the intestine and produce the proteins that digest and absorb the diverse nutrient molecules in the diet. Despite apparent similarities of the mucosa in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, these regions differ in their abilities to absorb various nutrients. Clinical awareness of these differences is perhaps most obvious in vitamin B12 malabsorption following terminal ileal disease or resection, but there are many other examples including distal intestinal absorption of bile salts, proximal absorption of calcium and iron, and the various electrolyte transporters that produce net fluid secretion proximally but absorption distally. ' These anatomical differences become important in the treatment of patients with the short bowel syndrome where certain, but not all, nutrient systems are capable of adaptation. Recent work is giving a better understanding of the fundamental reasons for these regional variations in gene expression, which are believed to underpin differences in cell and tissue differentiation. This article will review patterns of differentiation in intestinal cells and the control of the expression of nutrient transport genes by specific transcription factors.
Développement du cortex piriforme et de la commissure antérieure : implication de la protéine SCHIP-1

SCHIP-1 est une proteine cytoplasmique enrichie aux nœuds de Ranvier et aux segments initiaux des axones matures, ou elle est associee a l’ankyrine G. SCHIP-1 est egalement exprimee dans le systeme nerveux central pendant le developpement embryonnaire. Nous montrons ici que les souris mutees pour Schip1 presentent des anomalies morphologiques de la commissure anterieure formee par les axones du cortex piriforme, du noyau olfactif anterieur et de l’amygdale. Ces anomalies resultent de defauts de croissance et de guidage axonal in vivo au cours du developpement. Les neurones du cortex piriforme d’embryons mutes presentent un retard d’initiation et de croissance axonales, et des anomalies de guidage axonal in vitro. Des experiences de videomicroscopie montrent que SCHIP-1 regule la reponse des cones de croissance a la molecule de guidage EphB2, importante pour le developpement de la commissure anterieure. Les souris mutees presentent en outre une diminution de l’epaisseur du cortex piriforme qui affecte specifiquement les couches de neurones de projection. Cette diminution resulterait d’une augmentation de la mort cellulaire et non d’un defaut de generation ou de migration des neurones. De maniere interessante, ces anomalies morphologiques sont associees a des comportements anormaux qui pourraient reposer sur des defauts d’integration des odeurs. Le cortex piriforme joue un role-cle dans la discrimination, l’association et l’apprentissage des odeurs. Les souris mutees pour Schip1 semblent donc etre un modele prometteur pour etudier la fonction du cortex piriforme ainsi que celle de la commissure anterieure, peu connues a ce jour.