Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mixed fungal populations and lignocellulosic tissue degradation in the bovine rumen

Anaerobic fungi in ruminal fluid from cows eating Bermuda grass hay plus a grain and minerals supplement were evaluated for diversity in sporangial morphotypes and colony growth patterns and for the degradation of various lignocelluloses. In selective cultures containing streptomycin and penicillin, an active population of ruminal fungi colonized leaf blades and degraded fiber at rates and extents almost equal to that of the total ruminal population. Three major sporangial morphotypes were consistently observed on leaf blades: oval, globose, and fusiform. Fungal colonies representing three distinct growth types consistently developed in anaerobic roll tubes inoculated with strained ruminal fluid. Sporangial morphotypes could not be matched to colony types due to multiple sporangial forms within a colony. Under identical growth conditions, one type exhibited a monocentric growth pattern, while two types exhibited polycentric growth patterns previously unreported in ruminal fungi. Mixed ruminal fungi in selective cultures or in digesta taken directly from the rumen produced a massive clearing of the sclerenchyma. Quantitation of tissue areas in cross sections by light microscopic techniques showed that fungal incubations resulted in significant (P = 0.05) increases in sclerenchyma degradation compared to whole ruminal fluid incubations. The mestome cell wall was at times penetrated and partially degraded by fungi; the colonization was less frequent and to a lesser degree than with the sclerenchyma. Conversely, ruminal bacteria were not observed to degrade the mestome sheath. Phenolic monomers at 1 mM concentrations did not stimulate to a significant (P = 0.05) extent the dry weight loss or fungal colonization of leaf blades; at 10 mM concentrations cinnamic and benzoic acids were toxic to ruminal fungi.
HotFlip: White-Box Adversarial Examples for NLP

Adversarial examples expose vulnerabilities of machine learning models. We propose an efficient method to generate white-box adversarial examples that trick character-level and word-level neural models. Our method, HotFlip, relies on an atomic flip operation, which swaps one token for another, based on the gradients of the one-hot input vectors. In experiments on text classification and machine translation, we find that only a few manipulations are needed to greatly increase the error rates. We analyze the properties of these examples, and show that employing these adversarial examples in training can improve test-time accuracy on clean examples, as well as defend the models against adversarial examples.
Exploring the feasibility of subliminal priming on smartphones

Subliminal priming has the potential to influence people's attitudes and behaviour, making them prefer certain choices over others. Yet little research has explored its feasibility on smartphones, even though the global popularity and increasing use of smartphones has spurred interest in mobile behaviour change interventions. This paper addresses technical, ethical and design issues in delivering mobile subliminal priming. We present three explorations of the technique: a technical feasibility study, and two participant studies. A pilot study (n=34) explored subliminal goal priming in-the-wild over 1 week, while a semi-controlled study (n=101) explored the immediate effect of subliminal priming on 3 different types of stimuli. We found that although subliminal priming is technically possible on smartphones, there is limited evidence of impact on changes in how much stimuli are preferred by users, with inconsistent effects across stimuli types. We discuss the implications of our results and directions for future research.
A Multithreaded VLIW Soft Processor Family

Summary form only given. There is growing commercial interest in using FPGAs for compute acceleration. To ease the programming task for non-hardware-expert programmers, systems are emerging that can map high-level languages such as C and OpenCL to FPGAs-targeting compiler-generated circuits and soft processing engines. Soft processing engines such as CPUs are familiar to programmers, can be reprogrammed quickly without rebuilding the FPGA image, and by their general nature can support multiple software functions in a smaller area than the alternative of multiple per-function synthesized circuits. Finally, compelling processing engines can be incorporated into the output of high-level synthesis systems. For FPGA-based soft compute engines to be compelling they must be computationally dense: they must achieve high throughput per area. For simple CPUs with simple functional units (FUs) it is relatively straightforward to achieve good utilization, and it is not overly-detrimental if a small, single-pipeline-stage FU such as an integer adder is under-utilized. In contrast, larger, more deeply pipelined, more numerous, and more varied FUs can be quite challenging to keep busy-even for an engine capable of extracting instruction-level parallelism (ILP) from an application. Hence a key challenge for FPGA-based compute engines is how to maximize compute density (throughput per-area) by achieving high utilization of a datapath composed of multiple varying FUs of significant and varying pipeline depth. In this work, we propose a highly-parameterizable template architecture of a multi-threaded FPGA-based compute engine designed to highly-utilize varied and deeply pipelined FUs. Our approach to achieving high utilization is to leverage (i) support for multiple thread contexts (ii) thread-level and instruction-level parallelism, and (iii) static compiler analysis and scheduling. We focus on deeply-pipelined, IEEE-754 floating-point FUs of widely-varying latency, executing both Hodgkin-Huxley neuron simulation and Black-Scholes options pricing models as example applications, compiled with our LLVM-based scheduler. Targeting a Stratix IV FPGA, we explore architectural tradeoffs by measuring area and throughput for designs with varying numbers of FUs, thread contexts (T), memory banks (B), and bank multi-porting. To determine the most efficient designs that would be suitable for replicating we measure compute density (application throughput per unit of FPGA area), and report which architectural choices lead to the most computationally-dense designs.The most computationally dense design is not necessarily the one with highest throughput and (i) for maximizing throughput, having each thread reside in its own bank is best; (ii) when only moderate numbers of independent threads are available, the compute engine has higher compute density than a custom hardware implementation eg. , 2.3x for 32 threads; (iii) the best FU mix does not necessarily match the FU usage in the dataflow graph of the application; and (iv) architectural parameters.
Perinatal changes in epidermal innervation in rat and mouse

The development of cutaneous innervation in the rat and the rat and the mouse has been studied by silver techniques. In particular, the innervation patterns of adult and of perinatal skin have been compared. From the second parental day until the sixth postnatal day, the relatively thick epidermis is freely penetrated by nerve fibers; thereafter, the nerve endings appear to be confined to the dermis. The intra‐epidermal axons are directed obliquely, with a rough (and not exact) correspondence to the plane of future emergence of the hair shafts. The appearance of a transitory development of intra‐epidermal nerves elsewhere.
Heterogeneous cellular network user distribution model

In heterogeneous networks (HetNets) users are usually distributed non-uniformly. Analysis of the impact of nonuniformity of user distribution on HetNets is essential for designing efficient networks. This paper proposes a non-uniform user distribution model in which the user density depends on the distance to the associated base stations (BSs). Moreover, different tiers, such as macro cells, pico cells or femto cells, may have different user densities with different level of attraction to their associated BSs. Our proposed non-uniform user distribution model covers many possible combinations. We give an accurate performance analysis of the downlink coverage probability. The numerical evaluations show that our analysis can produce results that closely match the simulation results.
Progesterone‐Induced Blocking Factor Inhibits Degranulation of Natural Killer Cells

PROBLEM: During the first trimester of pregnancy, nonclassical (CD3—, CD56+, CD16—, perforin [P]bright +) natural killer (NK) cells comprise the major decidual lymphocyte population. These cells, in spite of their high perforin content, exert a low cytolytic activity. Peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy pregnant women produce progesterone‐induced blocking factor (PIBF), which inhibits NK activity. PIBF‐producing cells are likely to be present in decidua and might contribute to low decidual NK activity.
Présence en Afrique centrale et occidentale d' Aedes ( Stegomyia ) opok Corbet et Van Someren : diagnose différentielle de l'espèce

Aedes (Stegomyia) opok Corbet et Van Someren, espece jusqu’ici connue de la seule AjZqne orientale, est sigual& de Republique Centrafricaine, de Cote d’ivoire, de HauteVolta et du Mali. L’espece est introduite dans la CIE des adultes du sous-genre Stegomyia pour la region ethiopienne (MATTINGLY, 1952) et l’importance de la bien distingues d’A. africanus lors des enquetes entomologiques relatives a la fievre jaune est soulignee.
Portfolio optimization using preference relation based on statistical arbitrage

We propose a new algorithm for portfolio optimization based on statistical arbitrage, that uses a multi-criteria decision making approach to obtain the most preferred assets. A preference flow graph of financial assets is constructed at each time step, with the aid of statistical arbitrage algorithm that describes preferences among the assets. Then, the individual preferences for each asset are obtained by using the potential method, and the most preferred assets are selected into the portfolio in accordance to them. A consistency measure of the preference flow graph is also obtained using the same method, and it measures the reliability of the decision making. The proposed method has been tested on a selection of S&P 500 constituent stocks from 1980 to 2004. The results indicate that the proposed method performs well in the considered market, which is indicated by high Sharpe ratios of the constructed portfolios. We also report that the algorithm performs better when provided with a larger number of assets, showing that the increased number of considered assets provides more insight into the market behavior.
Weighted average-consensus for directed networks of multi-agent with switching topology

The consensus problem in directed networks of multiagent is studied. A new notion, called weighted average-consensus, is proposed and a class of distributed controller is applied to achieve global asymptotically weighted average-consensus in networks of multiagent with fixed and switching topology. We establish a connection between the Fiedler eigenvalue of the graph Laplacian and the performance of this consensus controller. It is proved theoretically that the strongly connectedness of directed graph and a class of directed graphs, called balanced graphs, play a crucial role in solving weighted average-consensus problems. Based on the properties of balanced graphs, a group disagreement function (i.e. Lyapunov function) is proposed for convergence analysis of this consensus controller in directed networks and for robustness analysis in directed networks with switching topology. Finally, simulation example is provided for consensus problem in networks with switching topology to validate the theoretical results.
[Risk factor of liver disorders caused by flutamide--statistical analysis using multivariate logistic regression analysis].

The antiandrogenic drug, flutamide (Odyne), is widely used in the treatment of carcinoma of prostate. It is well known that flutamide has adverse effects of liver disorders. To ascertain the risk of liver disorders before administering this drug, past history and lifestyle preferences were resurveyed in 123 patients who had been treated with flutamide. The results obtained were assessed in relation to the occurrence of liver disorders by multivariate logistic regression analysis. The incidence of liver disorders was 26% (33/123), with 64% of the disorders occurring within 9 months. The chi-square test for dependent variables revealed that three variables, i.e., body mass index, past history of liver disorders and elevated glutamic-pyruvic transaminase levels were significantly related to the incidence of liver disorders (p > 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that a history of liver disorders and elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were related to a higher incidence of liver disorders. Elevated ALT levels were associated with a higher incidence of liver disorders and smoking was related to a lower incidence of the liver disorders.
Parallelized laser-direct patterning of nanocrystalline metal thin films by use of a pulsed laser-induced thermo-elastic force

Thin film patterning by the conventional lithographic technique requires a number of steps including the deposition, development, and removal of the photoresist layer. Here we demonstrate that metal thin films evaporated on glass can be directly patterned by a spatially modulated pulsed Nd-YAG laser beam (wavelength = 1064 nm, pulse width = 6 ns) incident from the backside of the substrate. This method utilizes a pulsed laser-induced thermo-elastic force exerted on the film which plays a role in detaching it from the substrate. High-fidelity patterns at the micrometer scale have been fabricated over a few square centimeters by a single pulse with pulse energy of 850 mJ. This is attributed to the fact that deposited metal films are polycrystalline with nano-sized grains, and thus localized etching of the material is possible with shearing along the weakly bonded grain boundary regions. We have also developed a nano-block model to simulate the laser-direct patterning of nanocrystalline thin films. Experimental results could be well described with this simulation model. The patterning process presented here provides a simple photoresist-free route to fabricate metal thin film patterns on transparent substrates.
Cellular Mechanisms of Chemotherapy

Cancers are a growth of abnormal cells, arising mostly from genetic alterations that lead to unregulated cell growth, invasion, and metastasis. According to the American Cancer Society’s (2014) Cancer Facts and Figures, more than 1.6 million new diagnoses of invasive cancer and more than 580,000 deaths were estimated to occur in 2014. The encouraging news is the continued decline in cancer deaths for all sites among men and women and nearly all racial and ethnic groups (Jemal, Ward, & Thun, 2010). This improvement is a result of tobacco prevention and control efforts, screening and early detection, and significant improvements in treatment for many types of cancers (Eheman et al., 2012). A consortium of six U.S. research groups conducted a study that showed approximately 795,851 deaths were averted by tobacco control efforts (Moolgavkar et al., n.d.). Although many people will never receive a cancer diagnosis, many others will require treatment for this stealthy and clandestine disease. These treatments may include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Chemotherapy continues to play a key role in the treatment plan for most patients with cancer. The goals of chemotherapy include cure, control, and palliation. Effective cancer chemotherapy works by inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and growth with limited toxicity to the host patient (Moolgavkar et al., 2012; Skeel, 2011). An understanding of the biology of cancer, the mechanisms of action, and the purpose of chemotherapy helps the nurse in developing a personalized plan of care for each patient. This chap-
Lower fecundity in parthenogenetic geckos than sexual relatives in the Australian arid zone

Theoretical models of the advantage of sexual reproduction typically assume that reproductive output is equal in sexual and parthenogenetic females. We tested this assumption by comparing fecundity between parthenogenetic and sexual races of gekkonid lizards in the Heteronotia binoei complex, collected across a 1200 km latitudinal gradient through the Australian arid zone. Under laboratory conditions, parthenogenetic geckos had approximately 30% lower fecundity when compared with their sexual progenitors, irrespective of body size. Reflecting clutch‐size constraints in gekkonids, this fecundity difference was mainly because of fewer clutches over a shorter period. When parthenogens were compared more broadly with all coexisting sexual races across the latitudinal gradient, parthenogens had lower fecundity than sexuals only when corrected for body size. Differences in fecundity between parthenogens and coexisting sexual races depended on which sexual race was considered. There was no significant relationship between fecundity and parasite (mite) load, despite significantly higher mite loads in parthenogens than in sexual races.
Screening and characterization of transposon‐insertion mutants in a pseudohyphal strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with Σ1278b background are widely used for elucidation of pseudohyphal differentiation and signal transduction. However, information and resources on the strains are limited compared to the S288C strains. To facilitate functional analysis of strains with Σ1278b background, mutant strains were generated by using a mini‐transposon3‐3 × HA/LacZ (mTn3)‐mutagenized library. Mutants with mTn3 insertions were screened for expression of β‐galactosidase activity under nitrogen starvation and the insertion sites were identified. One hundred and five heterozygous diploid strains were selected and subjected to tetrad analysis. Insertion of mTn3 in 11 genes was lethal in the strain, including three genes, HAC1, TPS1 and UME6, which are non‐essential genes according to the Saccharomyces Genome Database. Viable haploid strains with mTn3 insertions were examined for invasive growth, which is a differentiation process in haploid strains including agar penetration on rich medium, and cell morphology during invasive growth. We also examined homozygous diploid strains with mTn3‐insertions for filamentous growth and sporulation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phylogeny of Wolbachia pipientis based on gltA, groEL and ftsZ gene sequences: clustering of arthropod and nematode symbionts in the F supergroup, and evidence for further diversity in the Wolbachia tree.

Current phylogenies of the intracellular bacteria belonging to the genus Wolbachia identify six major clades (A-F), termed 'supergroups', but the branching order of these supergroups remains unresolved. Supergroups A, B and E include most of the wolbachiae found thus far in arthropods, while supergroups C and D include most of those found in filarial nematodes. Members of supergroup F have been found in arthropods (i.e. termites), and have previously been detected in the nematode Mansonella ozzardi, a causative agent of human filariasis. To resolve the phylogenetic positions of Wolbachia from Mansonella spp. , and other novel strains from the flea Ctenocephalides felis and the filarial nematode Dipetalonema gracile, the authors generated new DNA sequences of the Wolbachia genes encoding citrate synthase (gltA), heat-shock protein 60 (groEL), and the cell division protein ftsZ. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the designation of Wolbachia from Mansonella spp. as a member of the F supergroup. In addition, it was found that divergent lineages from Dip. gracile and Cte. felis lack any clear affiliation with known supergroups, indicating further genetic diversity within the Wolbachia genus. Finally, although the data generated did not permit clear resolution of the root of the global Wolbachia tree, the results suggest that the transfer of Wolbachia spp. from arthropods to nematodes (or vice versa) probably occurred more than once.
Systemic Capillary Leak Syndrome Associated with Compartment Syndrome and Rhabdomyolysis

Systemic capillary leak syndrome (SCLS) is a rare disorder characterized by recurrent spontaneous episodes of hypovolaemic shock due to marked plasma shifts from the intravascular to the extravascular space. This presents as the characteristic triad of hypotension, haemoconcentration and hypoalbuminemia often with an associated monoclonal gammopathy. We describe a patient with SCLS who required aggressive fluid resuscitation and emergency fasciotomies for compartment syndrome with rhabdomyolysis. At presentation the patient was considered to have severe erythrocytosis and was therefore initially referred to a haematologist, which appears to be a frequent sequence of presentation for patients with SCLS. This patient also highlights the importance of muscle compartment pressure monitoring during volume resuscitation in patients with SCLS.
On the cooperative binding of large ligands to a one‐dimensional homogeneous lattice: The generalized three‐state lattice model

We present the general secular equation for three‐state lattice models for the cooperative binding of large ligands to a one‐dimensional lattice. In addition, a closed‐form expression for the isotherm is also obtained, that can be used with all values of the cooperativity parameter ω(0 < ω < ∞) thus eliminating the need for multiple equations.
Association of sleep and fatigue with decision regret among critical care nurses.

BACKGROUND The effects of inadequate sleep on clinical decisions may be important for patients in critical care units, who are often more vulnerable than patients in other units. Fatigued nurses are more likely than well-rested nurses to make faulty decisions that lead to decision regret, a negative cognitive emotion that occurs when the actual outcome differs from the desired or expected outcome. OBJECTIVES To examine the association between selected sleep variables, impairment due to fatigue, and clinical-decision self-efficacy and regret among critical care nurses. Decision regret was the primary outcome variable. Methods A nonexperimental, descriptive design and extant measures were used to obtain data from a random sample of full-time nurses. Binary logistic regression models were used to examine the association between sleep variables, fatigue, and clinical-decision self-efficacy and regret. The discrimination of the models was compared with the C statistic, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS A total of 605 nurses returned the questionnaires (17% response rate). Among these, decision regret was reported by 157 of 546 (29%). Nurses with decision regret reported more fatigue, more daytime sleepiness, less intershift recovery, and worse sleep quality than did nurses without decision regret. Being male, working a 12-hour shift, and clinical-decision satisfaction were significantly associated with decision regret (C statistic, 0.719; SE, 0.024). CONCLUSION Nurses who experience impairments due to fatigue, loss of sleep, and inability to recover between shifts are more likely than unimpaired nurses to report decision regret.