Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Biclonal low grade B‐cell lymphoma confirmed by both flow cytometry and karyotypic analysis, in spite of a normal kappa/lambda Ig light chain ratio

Composite low grade lymphoma with two subpopulations in a same site is uncommon. We herewith report the case of an 80‐year‐old woman who presented with isolated bilateral dacryoadenomegaly. Pathological examination of an incisional biopsy of her right lacrimal gland was consistent with a marginal zone lymphoma. Flow cytometry immunophenotyping showed two distinct clonal B‐cell populations expressing sIg D lambda or sIg M kappa restriction in the lacrimal gland, blood, and bone marrow. Both B‐cells populations were sorted from peripheral blood for molecular biology investigations and comparison with molecular data performed on tumor and bone marrow cells. IgH PCR performed on purified blood populations disclosed two monoclonal peaks: 98 bp‐sized peak in the sIg M kappa and a 107 bp in the sIg D lambda clones, respectively. The lacrimal gland tumor expressed mainly sIg M kappa population, and showed a major 98 bp‐sized peak coexisting with a very minor 107 bp peak. Cytogenetic studies showed a 46, XX,del (7) (q22q32) karyotype. Bone marrow examination at diagnosis revealed the same B‐cell clones distribution than the one observed in blood with a dominant sIg D lambda population, a Genescan profile showing a major peak of 107 bp and a minor peak of 98 bp. Chromosomal analysis disclosed a 46,XX,del (10) (? p14) karyotype without detectable 7q deletion. To our knowledge, this observation represents the first reported case of biclonal low grade lymphoma hidden behind a normal classical kappa/lambda Ig light chain ratio in blood, but clearly demonstrated by the combination of three ancillary techniques (flow cytometry both analytical and cell sorting, molecular biology, and cytogenetics) and analysis of different tissues (i.e., in this case, lacrimal gland biopsy, blood, and bone marrow. Am. J. Hematol. , 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An improved and rapid method to construct skin equivalents from human hair follicles and fibroblasts

Abstract: To produce sufficient amounts of high quality skin equivalents (SE), either allogenic for dermatopharmacological and dermatotoxicological studies or autologous for transplantation purposes, we established a rapid, easy and cost effective three‐dimensional SE model on the basis of human dermal fibroblasts, collagen and freshly plucked hair follicles. Acidic liquid collagen was polymerized with sodium hydroxide in the presence of fibroblasts to form a dermal equivalent (DE) resembling normal human dermis. At 24 h later, freshly plucked hair follicles were implanted into the surface of these DEs after cutting their bulbs off. Another 48 h later, the surface of the SEs was lifted to the air–liquid interface. Fourteen days after implantation, outgrowing keratinocytes from the outer root sheath of the hair follicles completely covered the surface of the SE and built a fully developed, multi‐layered and cornified epidermis. Histology and immunofluorescence studies with specific antibodies directed against components of keratinocytes, fibroblasts, cell‐adhesion molecules, different extracellular matrix and basement membrane proteins revealed the similarity of our three‐dimensional SEs to the in vivo situation in normal human skin. Using autologous cell sources and cell culture media enriched with serum from the respective cell donor, it will be possible to use these SEs for autologous transplantation, thereby reducing the risk of transplant rejection.
New associations of human papillomavirus, Simian virus 40, and Epstein-Barr virus with human cancer.

Approximately 15% of all cancers worldwide appear to be associated with viral infections, and several human DNA viruses are now accepted as causative factors of specific malignancies. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause cervical and anogenital cancers (1). Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) causes infectious mononucleosis and is closely associated with Burkitt’s lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and Hodgkin’s disease (2,3). HPV is now associated with oral cancers (4–8), EBV with breast and gastric cancers (9,10), and simian virus 40 (SV40) with human mesothelioma and various brain and bone cancers (11–14). Several associations are not universally accepted, and their validity remains controversial. Consequently, the Biological Carcinogenesis Branch of the Division of Cancer Biology at the National Cancer Institute convened a workshop on March 12–13, 2001, in Bethesda, MD, to assess current knowledge concerning associations of HPV, SV40, and EBV with selected human cancers and to define areas where investigation is needed.
The reliability of teledermatology to triage inpatient dermatology consultations.

IMPORTANCE Many hospitals do not have inpatient dermatologic consultative services, and most have reduced availability of services during off-hours. Dermatologists based in outpatient settings can find it challenging to determine the urgency with which they need to evaluate inpatients when consultations are requested. Teledermatology may provide a valuable mechanism for dermatologists to triage inpatient consultations and increase efficiency, thereby expanding access to specialized care for hospitalized patients. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether a store-and-forward teledermatology system is reliable for the initial triage of inpatient dermatology consultations. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Prospective study of 50 consenting adult patients, hospitalized for any indication, for whom an inpatient dermatology consultation was requested between September 1, 2012, and April 31, 2013, at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, an academic medical center. The participants were evaluated separately by both an in-person dermatologist and 2 independent teledermatologists. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary study outcomes were the initial triage and decision to biopsy concordance between in-person and teledermatology evaluations. RESULTS Triage decisions were as follows: if the in-person dermatologist recommended the patient be seen the same day, the teledermatologist agreed in 90% of the consultations. If the in-person dermatologist recommended a biopsy, the teledermatologist agreed in 95% of cases on average. When the teledermatologist did not choose the same course of action, there was substantial diagnostic agreement between the teledermatologist and the in-person dermatologist. The Kendall τ rank correlation coefficients for initial triage concordance between the in-person dermatologist and teledermatologists were 0.41 and 0.48. The Cohen κ coefficients for decision to biopsy concordance were 0.35 and 0.61. The teledermatologists were able to triage 60% of consultations to be seen the next day or later. The teledermatologists were able to triage, on average, 10% of patients to be seen as outpatients after discharge. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Teledermatology is reliable for the triage of inpatient dermatology consultations and has the potential to improve efficiency.
Correlation between maternal and neonatal blood vitamin D levels and its effect on the newborn anthropometry

Background: Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy has important implications for the new born and infant. In India, there were few data about the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in pregnancy and in new-born and its correlation. Hence, this study aim was to determine vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women and their new-borns and to assess the correlation between maternal and new born serum levels of the vitamin D3 and also to study its effect on the newborn anthropometry. Methods: This cross-sectional, hospital based study was conducted with 54 consecutive women in labour presenting with a singleton term pregnancy at a large tertiary centre in Tamilnadu, India. Data were recorded on a special form and 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 was assessed before delivery in mothers and after delivery in their infant’s umbilical cord blood. Results: The mean vitamin D levels were 20.21 ng/mL for the participants and 20.07 ng/mL for the newborns. Vitamin D severe deficiency was noted in 3 (6%), deficiency 31 (57%), insufficiency 12 (22%) and sufficiency in 8 (15%) of 54 participants whereas severe deficiency, insufficiency and sufficiency respectively, were noted in 4 (7%), 30 (56%), 11 (20%) and 9 (17%) of the newborns. Maternal vitamin D level significantly associated with socioeconomic status, term of delivery and type of delivery respectively were p=0.000, p=0.000 and p=0.038 whereas age (p=0.081), BMI (p=0.085) and parity (p=0.038) was not significant at p <0.05 level by chi-square analysis. Similarly, the new born characteristics of birth weight (p=0.000), birth length (p=0.016), head and chest circumference (p=0.001, p=0.000) exists significant association at p<0.05 level by analysis of variance (ANOVA) method and also there was a strong positive correlation between the vitamin D levels in maternal and cord blood (r=0.898; P <0.05). Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the south Indian pregnant women and their newborns. Vitamin D deficiency increased the risk of low birth weight neonate and it also had an effect on the length of the baby, head circumference and chest circumference. This public health problem needs urgent attention.
[A study on the anti-HBV effect of dendritic cell from human umbilical cord blood].

OBJECTIVE Regarding the strong antigen-presenting abilities of dendritic cells (DC), this study was carried out based on the induction and proliferation of DC derived from human umbilical cord blood; the anti-HBV effect of cytotoxicity T lymphocytes (CTL) activated by those DC pulsed with HBsAg was also carried out to explore a new way to activate the HBsAg-specific CTL. METHODS Cord blood was collected from the cord veins of normal placentae after Cesarean sections, from which cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC) were separated through density gradient centrifugation. The CBMC were cultured in RPMI 1640 with a cytokine cocktail. Pulsed with HBsAg, the DC were prepared to activate the HBsAg-specific CTL among the CBMC. The cytotoxic effect of CBMCs activated by the DC primed with HBsAg was assayed through the killing of those HepG2-S target cells. RESULTS Typical DC could be induced from CMBC cultured with a cytokine cocktail. DC pulsed by HBsAg activated HBsAg-specific CTL, which killed the target HepG2-S cells to some extent. CONCLUSION DC can be induced from CMBC with the cytokine cocktail and they show a strong antigen-presenting ability. DC produced in this way and pulsed by HBsAg can activate HBsAg-specific CTL in vitro. This might mean that it could be a new way to break the tolerance to HBV in chronic HBV-infected patients.
Diet, length of gestation, and fecal short chain fatty acids in healthy premature neonates.

BACKGROUND Excretion of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) may indicate changes in colonic or colonocyte metabolism. The aim of this study was to detect the influence of gestational age and feeding practices on SCFA concentrations and profiles in healthy preterm infants. METHODS A total of 198 fecal samples (28 infants) were collected from 8 to 21 days of age from 3 groups of preterm infants born at 33 to 37 weeks of gestation and fed either breast milk (group I) or Nutramigen, a lactose-free formula (group II), and extremely preterm infants born before 33 weeks of gestation and fed breast milk (group III). Total SCFA concentrations and SCFA profiles were analyzed using a gas chromographic (GC) procedure. RESULTS Total fecal SCFA excretion did not differ significantly between group I (mean, 24.0 micromol/g; range, 1.3 to 118.8 micromol/g) and group II (mean, 23.0 micromol/g; range, 3.0 to 73.3 micromol/g). Conversely, differences occurred between SCFA profiles and became significant after day 17. The main differences were a significant increase in the butyric acid concentration (12% versus 30%) with group II. Compared with group I, fecal SCFA concentrations were 3.2-fold lower (7.4 micromol/g; range, 0.3 to 37.4 micromol/g) in group III with no significant changes in the profiles. CONCLUSIONS Fecal SCFA excretion may vary in absence of any digestive disease. During this study, in terms of gestational age, total SCFA concentrations were significantly lower in extremely premature infants compared with infants born less premature, despite their known higher deficiency in intestinal lactase activity. In terms of diet, the absence of lactose did not lead to a decrease in colonic fermentation and induced changes in SCFA patterns. These new baseline data may offer clues to further development of milk formulas.
Modeling of novel multi-electrode structure for CNT based field emission devices

We propose a mathematical model for calculation of performance of field-emission cells. Demonstrated model allow calculating electrical potential distribution, trajectories of the emitted electrons and cell currents. Three different constructions of cell were examined. The main important features for cell performance were defined through the model. We assume that using this model will allow to simplify development and fabrication of effective field emission devices.
Use of the capture-recapture technique to evaluate the completeness of systematic literature searches

Capture-recapture methods were pioneered in ecology and derive their name from censuses of wildlife in which several animals are captured, marked, released, and subject to recapture. In epidemiology the technique examines the degree of overlap between two (or more) methods of ascertainment and uses a simple formula to estimate the total size of the population. When the number already identified is subtracted from this estimate the number of cases not ascertained by either (or any) of the methods can then be calculated. It has been suggested that studies which attempt to ascertain all cases of a given disease in a population should use this method to estimate the number of missing cases.1 2 There are direct parallels between epidemiological studies which attempt to ascertain all available cases and systematic literature …
Physicochemical investigation of the solid dispersion systems of etoricoxib with poloxamer 188

Solid dispersion systems of a poorly water-soluble drug, etoricoxib were prepared with poloxamer 188 in 1:0.5, 1:1.5 and 1:2.5 ratios and evaluated by FTIR, powder XRD and dissolution studies. Physical studies demonstrated a strong hydrogen bonding with significant decrease in the crystallinity and formation of amorphous etoricoxib in its binary systems. All binary systems of etoricoxib showed faster dissolution than pure drug alone (P < 0.001). However, 1:2.5 proportion of etoricoxib: poloxamer 188 showed superior performance (DE45: 71.27% ± 3.85) in enhancing solubility and dissolution rate of etoricoxib suggesting optimum ratio of the carrier.
Depressive symptoms and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: effect on mortality, hospital readmission, symptom burden, functional status, and quality of life.

BACKGROUND Depressive symptoms are common among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but depression's impact on COPD outcomes has not been fully investigated. We evaluated the impact of comorbid depression on mortality, hospital readmission, smoking behavior, respiratory symptom burden, and physical and social functioning in patients with COPD. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, 376 consecutive patients with COPD hospitalized for acute exacerbation were followed up for 1 year. The independent associations of baseline comorbid depression (designated as a Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale score of > or =8) with mortality, hospital readmission, length of stay, persistent smoking, and quality of life (determined by responses to the St George Respiratory Questionnaire) were evaluated after adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS The prevalence of depression at admission was 44.4%. The median follow-up duration was 369 days, during which 57 patients (15.2%) died, and 202 (53.7%) were readmitted at least once. Multivariate analyses showed that depression was significantly associated with mortality (hazard ratio, 1.93; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-3.58), longer index stay (mean, 1.1 more days; P = .02) and total stay (mean, 3.0 more days; P = .047), persistent smoking at 6 months (odds ratio, 2.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-4.52), and 12% to 37% worse symptoms, activities, and impact subscale scores and total score on the St George Respiratory Questionnaire at the index hospitalization and 1 year later, even after controlling for chronicity and severity of COPD, comorbidities, and behavioral, psychosocial, and socioeconomic variables. CONCLUSIONS Comorbid depressive symptoms in patients with COPD are associated with poorer survival, longer hospitalization stay, persistent smoking, increased symptom burden, and poorer physical and social functioning. Interventions that reduce depressive symptoms may potentially affect COPD outcomes.
Potential Reduction Exposure Products and FDA Tobacco Regulation: A CNS Call to Action

A new generation of tobacco harm reduction products is stirring controversy and confusion among healthcare providers. These products, known as “potential reduction exposure products” (PREPs), can be described in terms of reported scientific evidence, as “the good, the bad, and the ugly. ” On the good side, there is sufficient scientific evidence to support the use of Commit™, a new over-the-counter nicotine lozenge PREP, approved for smoking cessation. On the bad side, there is no scientific evidence to support the use of Ariva™, another over-the-counter nicotine lozenge PREP, marketed as an alternative to cigarettes when smoking is restricted. On the ugly side, both of these PREPs are nicotine delivery systems with “candy-like” appearances; however, one (Commit™) has the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval and the other (Ariva™) does not. This article provides an overview of PREPs and strategies to help clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) address tobacco harm reduction issues.
Malassezia virulence determinants

Purpose of review Malassezia yeasts are associated with a number of dermatologic and systemic diseases in humans and animals. Pityriasis versicolor is amongst these diseases and represents one of the most common human skin diseases. Beyond that, the role of Malassezia yeasts in the pathogenesis of other skin diseases such as psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis and confluent and reticulate papillomatosis is discussed but remains less clear. Clear pathogenetic mechanisms of the above-mentioned diseases are not known so far. The review presents new findings on virulence factors of Malassezia yeasts, shedding light on the pathogenesis of Malassezia-associated diseases. Recent findings Several virulence factors in Malassezia yeasts are known, based on their enzymatic lipolytic activity resulting in the production of distinct metabolites and special cell wall features. Recently, a secondary metabolic pathway possibly implicated in the pathogenesis of pityriasis versicolor was described. Summary The article presents virulence factors of Malassezia yeasts ranging from irritant metabolic byproducts to highly bioactive indole derivatives and attempts to clarify their pathogenic implications in the different diseases. Special emphasis is given to the pathogenesis of pityriasis versicolor, as it represents the disease wherein the causative relationship with Malassezia yeasts appears the most obvious.
DISSOCIATION OF DISLOCATIONS AND PLASTICITY OF IONIC CRYSTALS

The dissociation of dislocations in the NaCl structure is discussed in terms of Fontaine's model. There are no well-defined partials in the dissociation of the Burgers vector a/2 [I101 on the (1x0) slip plane. The stacking fault on this plane is connected with a dilatation normal to (170). This leads to an unique effect of hydrostatic pressure on the frequency of cross slip. Cross slip in stage I11 occurs via the { 11 1 } and { 001 } planes. On the { 001 } plane dislocations are not dissociated while dissociation on { 111 ) probably is intermediate. On { 001 ) and { 111 ) planes edge dislocations interact strongly with multivalent impurities while screw dislocations move relatively freely. This strong electrostatic interaction is thought to be responsible for the choice of slip plane and for the unusually strong latent hardening observed in the NaCl structure. The dissociation of dislocations on the other hand appears to influence dislocation climb and creep determined by climb. 1. The width of dissociation. For a long time dislocations of Burgers vector b =a12 [1 101 in the NaCl structure were thought not to be dissociated. Fontaine in his thesis [I] has, however, shown that the electrostatic interaction between the ions forming this structure in fact favors the formation of stacking faults : Figure 1 shows that by a partical shear of a/4 [110], ions of opposite sign approach each other across a (110) slip plane. The stacking fault energy yo associated with this shear would be negative if the exchange energy between the ions did not oppose their close approach. The latter interaction leads to a positive yo and to a dilatation cow 0.3 of the lattice normal to the (170) stacking fault in the alkali halides, described by the reaction 0 e e e FIG. 1. Dissociated edge dislocation in the NaCl structure according to Fontaine. A closer look shows, however, that the a14 [I101 shear actually corresponds to metastable atom positions and that there is no energetically stable partial shear at all on the (170) plane. Instead Fontaine describes the X stacking fault energy due to a[I101 shear by a J 2 Article published online by EDP Sciences and available at http://dx.doi. org/10.1051/jphyscol:1974718
Methods of Measuring Internalization of G Protein–Coupled Receptors

This unit provides detailed protocols for measuring receptor internalization. The techniques are sufficiently generalized to be applicable to most receptors in a wide variety of cell types. Both radioactive and non‐radioactive techniques are described that may be used to quantify receptor internalization, and the differences between the two are highlighted. This unit discusses how quantification of internalization may be achieved, and the advantages and drawbacks of each technique. Low‐ and higher‐throughput methods are compared, and the technologies required to conduct the analyses are discussed.