Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulating Radio Emission from Low-mass Stars

Understanding the origins of stellar radio emission can provide invaluable insight into the strength and geometry of stellar magnetic fields and the resultant space weather environment experienced by exoplanets. Here, we present the first model capable of predicting radio emission through the electron cyclotron maser instability using observed stellar magnetic maps of low-mass stars. We determine the structure of the coronal magnetic field and plasma using spectropolarimetric observations of the surface magnetic fields and the X-ray emission measure. We then model the emission of photons from the locations within the corona that satisfy the conditions for electron cyclotron maser emission. Our model predicts the frequency and intensity of radio photons from within the stellar corona. We have benchmarked our model against the low-mass star V374 Peg. This star has both radio observations from the Very Large Array and a nearly simultaneous magnetic map. Using our model we are able to fit the radio observations of V374 Peg, providing additional evidence that the radio emission observed from low-mass stars may originate from the electron cyclotron maser instability. Our model can now be extended to all stars with observed magnetic maps to predict the expected frequency and variability of stellar radio emission in an effort to understand and guide future radio observations of low-mass stars.
Quantification of the physical and physiological load of a boxing-specific simulation protocol

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the physical and physiological responses to simulated amateur boxing of 3 × 3-min rounds. Using an externally valid technical and ambulatory demand, 28 amateur boxers (mean ± SD; age 22.4 ± 3.5 years, body mass 67.7 ± 10.1 kg, stature 171 ± 9 cm) completed the protocol following familiarisation. The physiological load was determined continuously via collection of mean (HRmean) and peak (HRpeak) heart rate, breath-by-breath oxygen uptake (O2), aerobic energy expenditure (EEaer), excess carbon dioxide production (CO2excess), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and post-performance blood lactate. Physical performance was quantified as the acceleration delivered to the target by punches. HRmean and HRpeak were found to exceed 165 and 178 b min−1, absolute O2 > 124.6 ml kg−1, EEaer > 30.7 kcal min−1 and acceleration via 78 punches >2697 g during each round. Mean blood lactate (4.6 mmol l−1) and CO2excess (438.7 ml min−1) were higher than typical resting values reflecting a notable anaerobic contribution. RPEs reinforced the intensity of exercise was strenuous (>6–8). For all measures, there were typical increases (p < 0.05; moderate ES) across rounds. Accordingly, boxers might consider high-intensity (>90% O2max) interval training in anticipation such exercise yields improvements in aerobic conditioning. Moreover, the current simulation protocol – the boxing conditioning and fitness test – could be used as a form of training per se and as a means to monitor intervention-based changes in aspects of boxing-related physiology and performance.
Ship Detection in High-Resolution Dual-Polarization SAR Amplitude Images

A constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detecting method for ships in high-resolution dual-polarization synthetic aperture radar (SAR) amplitude images has been proposed in this paper. First, by the production of amplitude images from two polarimetric channels, a novel detector simply called the PMA detector has been constructed. We testified that the PMA detector could improve the signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR) and make the discrimination of a ship from clutter more easily. Second, the PMA detector’s statistical model has been described by the well-known distribution when facing complex sea background. The experiments performed on measured dual-polarization TerraSAR-X images demonstrate the good performance of the proposed CFAR detecting method.
Does ECB Communication Help in Predicting its Interest Rate Decisions?

We examine the usefulness of communication by the European Central Bank for predicting its interest rate decisions. We use ordered probit models based on the Taylor rule which we estimate using statements by ECB officials as well as macroeconomic variables. Statements by ECB officials on the main refinancing rate and future inflation are significantly related to ECB decisions. However, an out-of-sample evaluation shows that communication-based models do not outperform models based on macroeconomic data in predicting decisions. Both sets of models only accurately predict decisions to leave interest rates unchanged.
Eutrophication modelling chain for improved management strategies to prevent algal blooms in the Bay of Seine

Eutrophication of the Seine estuary and the Bay of Seine is a crucial environmental issue for the management of ecosystems and economic activities related to fisheries and tourism in the region. A large quantity of nutrients, especially nitrogen, is brought to the coastal zone by the Seine River, the main input into that area, but also by smaller rivers along the Normandy coast. This large delivery of nitrogen leads to an imbalance between nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and silica (Si), which affects the growth of planktonic organisms and can exacerbate the occurrence of harmful algal blooms (HABs). These events can be damaging for shellfish fisheries, an important economic resource for the region. The study describes a new modelling chain coupling a riverine and a marine model (the Seneque/Riverstrahler and the ECO-MARS3D, respectively), which allows us to explore the effects on the coast of 2 scenarios of watershed management. The first one, focused on an upgrade of wastewater treatment plants, decreases the P fluxes by 5 to 35 kg P km–2 yr–1 on average over the 2000 to 2006 period, depending on the watershed, and would reduce about 3-fold the concentration of dinoflagellates in the adjacent coastal zone. The second one explores a hypothetical scenario of generalisation of organic farming in all agricultural areas of the basin. Although this is not realistic, it shows the best theoretical results we can achieve. With this scenario, the N fluxes decrease by almost 50%, and the dinoflagellate blooms and thus possibly the Dinophysis spp. blooms are drastically reduced by a factor of 20 to 40. Nevertheless, diatoms, which are the main primary producers in the bay and sustain the marine food web, are not significantly affected by this drastic scenario.
Quadrant Dynamic with Automatic Plateau Limit Histogram Equalization for Image Enhancement

The fundamental and important preprocessing stage in image processing is the image contrast enhancement technique. Histogram equalization is an effective contrast enhancement technique. In this paper, a histogram equalization based technique called quadrant dynamic with automatic plateau limit histogram equalization (QDAPLHE) is introduced. In this method, a hybrid of dynamic and clipped histogram equalization methods are used to increase the brightness preservation and to reduce the overenhancement. Initially, the proposed QDAPLHE algorithm passes the input image through a median filter to remove the noises present in the image. Then the histogram of the filtered image is divided into four subhistograms while maintaining second separated point as the mean brightness. Then the clipping process is implemented by calculating automatically the plateau limit as the clipped level. The clipped portion of the histogram is modified to reduce the loss of image intensity value. Finally the clipped portion is redistributed uniformly to the entire dynamic range and the conventional histogram equalization is executed in each subhistogram independently. Based on the qualitative and the quantitative analysis, the QDAPLHE method outperforms some existing methods in literature.
Instincts in Children

Observation of children in controlled and uncontrolled settings leads to believe that every action and activity of children is driven by instincts. Man and animals are instinctive by nature. Instincts are uncontrollable urges that drives living beings towards a complicated behaviour. In the behavioural sciences instinct is generally understood as the innate part of behaviour that emerges without any training or education in humans. Spink behaviours such as cooperation, sexual behaviour, child rearing and aesthetics are seen as 'evolved psychological mechanisms' with an instinctive basis. Instincts are great dynamic forces of human nature which determine the character, life and behaviour of the individual.
Predicting Basic Military Performance for Conscripts in the Norwegian Armed Forces

The Norwegian Armed Forces have made major changes to the enlistment and selection system for conscripts in recent years. In this article, the predictive validity of various selection criteria for military performance is examined. The sample consisted of 3,276 conscripts, of whom 18% were female. The predictors in the analysis were general mental ability, self-perceived physical fitness, social and life skills, self-perceived military fit, tested physical fitness and officer-rated suitability. Military performance was assessed by an officer toward the end of the basic 1-year military service. Bivariate correlations between the predictors and military performance were studied for men and women separately. The best predictors were tested physical fitness for men and officer-rated suitability for women. A stepwise hierarchical moderated multiple regression analysis was conducted. A small but significant part of the variance was explained by the model. Both self-reported variables and other predictors made a small, but significant contribution to improving the model. The results indicated that the 2-step selection process was valid for predicting military performance for both men and women.
Simulated Precision Grasping in Parkinson's Disease

Subcortical lesions have been simultaneously implicated in both real and simulated movement deficits, suggesting that as with frontal le- sions, self action representation and programmation are the same process. We have analyzed the simulated precision grasping in subjects with idiopathic bilateral PD compared to a healthy control group. Re- sults showed that individuals with PD are impaired in the mental rep- resentation of a grasp orientation but are still capable of normally ex- ecuting this movement. These observations reveal that programmation and execution of movements is spared and that motor representation is selectively impaired. Thus, programmation of real acts and representa- tion of motor action are distinct processes.
Effect of different rate of dolomite application on tea leaf nutrient content

A field study was conducted to identify the effect of different rate of dolomite on mother leaf nutrient content of Tea. Trail was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design consisting of five treatments in different rate of Dolomite (kg/ha/pruning cycle) namely T1 (Absolutely control), T2 (1000), T3 (2000). T4 (3000), T5 (4000), The data generated from the study was analyzed by using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in SAS statistical package. Treatment means were compared at probability p< 0.05 using LSD. This study shown there was no significant difference in major nutrient content in mother leaf (P, Ca, Mg, K, N), Trace element Fe and Al content also had no effect. Manganese content in mother leaf changed significantly, highest average mean value was obtained in control (2347 ppm).
Comparison of application of combination immunomagnetic separation and chromagar salmonella medium with conventional culture method for rapid isolation and detection of Salmonella in bovine diarrheic samples

Various techniques and culture media were developed for rapid identification of Salmonella serovars. However, there are still problems with their sensitivity and specificity. In an attempt to reduce the time spent to obtain a result and to minimize the problems associated with rapid detection systems such as interference from food ingredients debris, micro flora in feces, and lack of sensitivity, there has been a lot of interest in the development of separation and concentration techniques prior to detection of pathogenic organisms. Various techniques have been utilized for this purpose including: filtration, centrifugation, and lectin-based biosorbents. However, the most successful of the approaches for separation and concentration of target organisms has been the use of Immunomagnetic Separation (IMS). This study was conducted with the objective of comparing the conventional microbiological methods to detect salmonella in diarrheic samples with Immunomagnetic separation combined with chromagar salmonellae medium (IMS-CAS). Of the 400 fecal samples tested by the conventional microbiological and IMS-CAS methods, 33 (8.25%) was culture positive for Salmonella serotypes. The IMS-CAS method gave better results than the conventional microbiological method with less false-positive colonies. Sensitivities for the conventional microbiological method and the IMS-CAS were 100%. The specificity of the IMS-CAS method (99.73%) was significantly higher than that of the conventional microbiological method (94.55%). The use of plating IMS on CAS medium demonstrated high levels of sensitivity and specificity and reduced the time to final identification of Salmonella spp. , resulting in substantial cost savings. It can be recommended for the primary isolation of Salmonella spp. from stool specimens.
Study of antidiarrhoeal effect of Datura innoxia leave extract against diarrhoea induce by Castor oil and magnesium sulphate in mice.

Summary Aqueous extract of DI leaves was given to mice , at graded dose (100&200mg/kgB.W,P.O) to evaluat its antidiarrhoeal potential by using four experimentally induced diarrhoea treated groups each consis of five mice and one control group.Castor oil and magnesium sulphate were used to induce diarrhoea in mice,The extract at both doses showed a remarkable antidiarrhoeal activity manifested by significant delay in onset of diarrhea , decrease in number of wet stools , total number of stools and total weight of fecal output in 4 hours in both castor oil and magnesium sulphate induced diarrheal groups of mice. The results of this study reveal that The aqueous extract of Datura innoxia leaves contains pharmacologically active substance with antidiarrhoeal properties . These properties may explain the rational use of the plant as antidiarrhoeal agent in the traditional medicine. Key word: antidiarrhoeal, Datura innoxia, leave extract,castor oil, magnesium sulphate.
Doppler cooling of an optically dense cloud of magnetically trapped atoms

We have studied a general technique for laser cooling a cloud of polarized trapped atoms down to the Doppler temperature. A one-dimensional optical molasses created with polarized light cools the axial motional degree of freedom of the atoms in the trap. Cooling of the radial degrees of freedom can be modeled by reabsorption of scattered photons in the optically dense cloud. We present experimental results for a cloud of chromium atoms in a magnetic trap. A simple model based on rate equations shows quantitative agreement with the experimental results. This scheme allows us to readily prepare a dense cloud of atoms in a magnetic trap with good starting conditions for evaporative cooling.
ISOSPECTRAL MANIFOLDS WITH DIFFERENT LOCAL GEOMETRY

Two compact Riemannian manifolds are said to be isospectral if the associated Laplace-Beltrami operators have the same eigenvalue spectrum. We describe a method, based on the used of Riemannian submersions, for constructing isospectral manifolds with different local geometry and survey examples constructed through this method.
Behaviour of radiative accelerations in stars

Diffusion processes are able to stratify elements in stars on time-scales shorter than the evolution time on the main sequence. According to the efficiency of these diffusion processes, which depend on the radiative accelerations, abundances are time-dependent and inhomogeneous outside the stellar core. Large atomic and opacity data bases allow accurate computations of radiative accelerations, and several authors have developed efficient methods taking advantage of these large data bases. In the present work, these powerful tools are used to improve our knowledge on how radiative accelerations depend on the abundances of elements in stellar plasma. In this study, we test the behaviours of radiative accelerations that are usually supposed. The results we obtain give some clues for future attempts to simplify the calculations of these accelerations.
The Impact of Intellectual Property Rights Protection on Innovation in developing countries: a Panel Data Investigation

In this paper, we try to analyze the relation between IPR reforms and innovation by looking for factors through which intellectual protection could affect innovation in developing countries using a Poisson and Negative binomial model. We pay particular attention to the impact of the investment on innovation and tried to capture the non-linear behavior of IPR protection. The results demonstrated the existence of nonlinearities between IPR and innovation taking the form of an inverted U-shaped Curve indicating that intellectual reform affects differently the developing countries. For the less developing ones, the expected positive effect of IPR reform on innovation could be expected through “the signal effect” of relatively better institutions, property protection, and law enforcement. While for the developing countries with higher income per-capita and important capacities of absorption and more developed National System of innovation the effect is expected to be negative. The main cause is that the rising cost of imitation and the legal constraint would hinder seriously the capacities of emerging countries in inventing around and then decrease the adaptative innovations in this group of countries. Keywords : Intellectual Property Rights, Innovation, Absorptive capacities, National System of Innovation
On the anomalous secular increase of the eccentricity of the orbit of the Moon

A recent analysis of a Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) data record spanning 38.7 yr revealed an anomalous increase of the eccentricity e of the lunar orbit amounting to u emeas = (9 ± 3) × 10 12 yr 1 . The present-day models of the dissipative phenomena occurring in the interiors of both the Earth and the Moon are not able to explain it. In this paper, we examine several dynamical effects, not modeled in the data analysis, in the framework of long-range modified models of gravity and of the standard Newtonian/Einsteinian paradigm. It turns out that none of them can accommodate u emeas. Many of them do not even induce long-term changes in e; other models do, instead, yield such an effect, but the resulting magnitudes are in disagreement with u emeas. In particular, the general relativistic gravitomagnetic acceleration of the Moon due to the Earth’s angular momentum has the right order of magnitude, but the resulting Lense-Thirring secular effect for the eccentricity vanishes. A potentially viable Newtonian candidate would be a trans-Plutonian massive object (Planet X/Nemesis/Tyche) since it, actually, would affect e with a non-vanishing long-term variation. On the other hand, the values for the physical and orbital parameters of such a hypothetical body required to obtain at least the right order of magnitude for u e are completely unrealistic: suffices it to say that an Earth-sized planet would be at 30 au, while a jovian mass would be at 200 au. Thus, the issue of finding a satisfactorily explanation for the anomalous behavior of the Moon’s eccentricity remains open.
The Influence of Perceived Brand Quality and Perceived Brand Prestige on Purchase Likelihood of iPhone and HTC Mobile Phone in Taiwan

Nowadays, the mobile phone industry in Taiwan is undergoing great competition. To understand more about the customer behavior in mobile phone industry, this research aims to investigate the influences of perceived brand quality (PBQ) and perceived brand prestige (PBP) on consumer purchase likelihood (CPL) of HTC and iPhone brands among Taiwanese college students. Quantitative research method is applied in this study. The data was collected from university students in Central Taiwan, then the data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 20. Total of 475 questionnaires were distributed, 452 questionnaires were collected, but 439 were usable. The results of this study support previous studies, and indicate that perceived brand quality and perceived brand prestige are two main factors influencing consumer purchase likelihood of both HTC and iPhone mobile phones in Taiwan. In addition, this study discovers that for Taiwanese university students, when comparing HTC and iPhone, HTC’s quality has a higher influence on CPL than iPhone. On the other hand, consumers’ perception of iPhone prestige is higher than HTC’s prestige. In short, Taiwanese consumers will choose HTC because of its perceived quality, and they
Preliminary flagellin gene transfection into tumor cells - attempts of generating anti-tumor response in experimental model

The development of new research techniques, especially molecular ones, creates hopes for improved treatment efficacy and a better prognosis in lung cancer. The starting point for very important experiments in the field of immunotherapy is the sensitization of the immune system to the tumor antigen. The aim of the study was to determine whether using flagellin can induce innate antitumor effective, and thus, increase the immunogenicity of the tumor. The test material was the established mouse cell line LLC, derived from Lewis lung cancer. Vectors were constructed by cloning FliC inserts into the pCDH-MSC-T2A Puro plasmid. The cells were transfected directly and indirectly (with pseudoviruses, produced by previously transfected packaging cells HEK 293T). The transfection efficiency was confirmed by RT-PCR. The cells thus prepared were implanted subcutaneously in mice. The control group received non-transfected LLC cells. Then, after 6 weeks, the mice were scarified. The animals were sectioned to isolate the tumor and lungs in which the presence or absence of metastases was assessed. In mice that received immunotherapeutic vaccines containing transfected LLC cells, less tumor mass was found or a complete lack of it, and the lifespan was noticeably prolonged. In addition, no metastases occurred in the group vaccinated with cells transfected with direct technique.
The Effect of Glaciers on Streamflow Variations

The effect of temperate glaciers on runoff variations is examined for the North Cascade Mountains of Washington State. The principal influences of glaciers on streamflow are often unexpected contributions to streamflow volume, a delay of the maximum seasonal flow, and a decrease in annual and monthly variation of runoff. The delay of maximum flow is caused by temporary englacial storage of spring meltwater and by peak meltwater production occurring in midsummer. The englacial storage, for one case, is 54% of the potential May runoff. An algorithm is presented that calculates the coefficient of variation of runoff for any arbitrary glacier cover. The results suggest that a minimum in year-to-year variation occurs for basins about 36% glacierized. On a month-to-month basis, maximum variation occurs in July and August for basins with less than 10% glacier cover but is a minimum for basins with glacier covers greater than 30%.