Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Svenzea zeai, a Caribbean reef sponge with a giant larva, and Scopalina ruetzleri: a comparative fine-structural approach to classification (Demospongiae, Halichondrida, Dictyonellidae)

Svenzea zeai, abundant on many deep Caribbean fore-reef habitats but of uncertain systematic position within the Demospongiae, is closely examined histologically and cytologically for evidence of its phylogenetic relationship beyond the traditional analysis of gross morphology and skeletal structure. We document that S. zeai is a bacteriosponge containing substantial quantities of unicellular photosynthetic and autotrophic microbes; that the most abundant cell type is an unusual cell with refractile granules that only few species share and whose composition and function are still enigmatic; and that it produces the largest—by a factor of 3—embryos and larvae recorded in the phylum Porifera. A combination of characters such as the granular cells, ciliary pattern, and aspects of larval shape and behavior are comparable with those of Scopalina ruetzleri, family Dictyonellidae, a prominent member of the Caribbean mangrove community. These results support our earlier decision to establish Svenzea as a new genus in Dictyonellidae to accommodate its unprecedented skeletal structure, styles in isodictyal reticulation.
Chloramphenicol Acetyltransferase-independent Chloramphenicol Resistance in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)

SUMMARY: Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) and S. lividans 66, which lack chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, gave rise to chloramphenicol-sensitive (Cmls) variants spontaneously at frequencies of 0.5 to 2%. The fertility type of S. coelicolor in respect of the SCP1 plasmid (SCP1+, SCP1− or NF) had no effect on chloramphenicol sensitivity or on the frequency at which Cmls variants arose. Cmls isolates spontaneously reverted to CmlR at frequencies one to three orders of magnitude lower than the frequency with which Cmls strains arose from CmlR CmlR revertants obtained spontaneously from Cmls clones again produced Cmls isolates at the normal frequency of several per cent. Therefore, Cmls and CmlR are reversible phenotypes. In crosses between marked CmlR and Cmls S. coelicolor strains, transfer of chloramphenicol resistance into the sensitive strain apparently occurred indepen-dently of chromosomal recombination. Mapping experiments excluded the possi-bility that segregation of a chromosomal locus determines CmlR versus Cmls phenotype. In crosses between SCP1− strains, fertility was not significantly different in CmlR x Cmls, CmlR x CmlR and Cmls x Cmls combinations. Covalently closed circular DNA from Cmls and CmlR strains of S. coelicolor was indistinguishable in molecular weight and restriction endonuclease cleavage pattern. It is suggested that chloramphenicol resistance in S. coelicolor A3(2) is affected by some kind of transposable genetic element that may be capable of extra-chromosomal existence.
Implementation of Geographic Information System (GIS) in an environment friendly mosquito control programme in irrigation fields in Wrocław (Poland)

GIS and remote sensing techniques are increasingly being used for modelling approaches to public health issues, especially when dealing with vector-borne diseases. They facilitate identification and mapping of the aquatic habitats of many mosquito species, and contribute to successful control operations. In this study the GIS database of mosquito breeding sites in irrigation fields in Wroclaw, Poland, enabled analysis of the relevant biological parameters (larval emergence, abundance, development) of the various nuisance mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) involved, and enhanced the efficacy and sustainability of the control programme. The ArcView software employed allowed preparation of a detailed map precisely delineating mosquitobreeding sites within these irrigation fields, using digital guidelines (polygons). Employment of GPS allows better accordance with features of the terrain and further increases accuracy. This map shows the exact locations of the mosquito-breeding sites, with calculated size based on their geometry. It enables more precise, better timed aerial applications to be made and above all, economies in use of microbial larvicidal agents. In addition to facilitating control of resident species, this system should make establishment of potential invasive pest or vector mosquitoes more difficult.
Groundwater flow and storage within an alpine meadow-talus complex

Abstract. The different types of geological deposits and rock formations found in alpine watersheds play key roles in regulating the rate and timing of runoff to mountain rivers. Talus and alpine meadows are dominant features in these areas, but scant data exist for their capacity to store and transmit groundwater. To gain further understanding of these processes, we have undertaken a combined geophysical and hydrological study of a small (2100 m2) alpine meadow and surrounding talus within the Lake O'Hara watershed in the Canadian Rockies. Several intersecting ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) profiles and a seismic refraction profile were acquired to map the thickness of the talus and to image the topography of the bedrock basin that underlies the meadow. From analysis of the GPR and seismic profiles, we estimate that the talus deposits are relatively thin (
HOLOCENE SLIP RATE OF THE CENTRAL GARLOCK FAULT IN SOUTHEASTERN SEARLES VALLEY, CALIFORNIA

A Late Pleistocene shoreline at the overflow level of Searles Lake has been displaced 82 to 106 m (preferred value is 90 m) in a left-lateral sense and 2.5 m (net) north side up along the Garlock fault, at the southeastern corner of Searles Valley. Previously published radiocarbon dates from both surface and subsurface strata indicate that the most recent highstand of Searles Lake ended sometime between 10,000 and 13,800 14C years ago. The maximum slip rate of the Garlock fault in southeastern Searles Valley is thus 11 mm/14C yr. If part of the offset of the shoreline occurred during older lakestands, then the slip rate may be somewhat less. A channel incised after the most recent highstand, however, is offset about 68 m, indicating that the minimum slip rate is 5 mm/14C yr. Subjective evaluation of the constraints on the offset and on the age of the shoreline yields a preferred rate of 6–8 mm/14C yr at this site. Assuming Bard et al.'s (1990) recent calibration of the radiocarbon time scale, the calibrated slip rate of the Garlock fault is between 4 and 9 mm/yr with a preferred value of 5–7 mm/yr. This estimate is similar to a previous estimate of the Holocene slip rate and is slightly less than an estimate derived from modelling of geodetic data. Extension north of the Garlock fault in Indian Wells and Searles valleys contributes no more than 3 mm/yr left slip to the Garlock fault.
Investigating the antecedents of HR outsourcing

A B ST R A C T This paper aims at defining a specific model on the decision to engage in HR outsourcing. There have been much deliberations that HR outsourcing as an organizational strategy has increased considerably over the last decade. Nevertheless, this trend has attracted little academic attention regarding the factors that influence the reliance on HR outsourcing. In this article, we provide a critical review on the contextual variables such as organizational size, strategic orientation, managers’ characteristics and environmental dynamism as primary determinants of the decision to outsource HR functions. This study adds to the present literature by explaining conceptually the linkages between these variables by applying both the resource-based view and transaction cost economics when making outsourcing decisions.
Ocular Biometric System Focused on Iris Localization and Embedded Matching Algorithm

This research aims to develop previous researches which published in the ICSPS 2009 , that were successful to perform iris localization. The indicator values perform well for doing iris localization in comparison with two previous works of Daugman's and Wildes' work. Even succeeded in iris localization, previous researches still has some weaknesses. The worst weakness about to the matching between two iris, even when applied with Hamming and Euclidean distance to perform the code matching of iris.the average similarity for matching two iris image taken from same iris is just 30 to 45 percents. Hereby, research to propose a research in ocular biometric system to identify someone by using iris part. This research is still focused on how to perform iris recognition by doing the normalization and feature extraction to get better iris localization. After iris localization step is performed, then it is continued by extracting the iris feature to get the iris code. The last step is to perform iris code matching embedded with shift bit algorithm in hamming distance to get the better result. Index Terms—Algorithm, bit shift, code, iris, matching.
Detecting Collapsed Buildings in Case of Disaster: Which Visualisation Works Best?

A user study is conducted to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of two types of visualizations to identify damage sites in case of disaster. The test consists out 36 trials (18 for each visualisation) and in each trial an area of 1x1km, located in Ghent, is displayed on a screen. This image shows the combined height information from before and after the disaster. The first visualisation, page flipping, is based on greyscale images with height information from the preand post-disaster situation between which users can switch manually. The second visualisation, difference image, is a result of subtracting the heights (before versus after) and assigning a blue-white-red colour ramp. In order to simulate the urgency with which the data is captured, systematic and random imperfections are introduced in the post-disaster data. All participants’ mouse and key interactions are logged, which is further complemented by the registration of their eye movements. This give insights the visualizations’ efficiency, effectiveness and the overall search strategies of the participants.
Coupling, local times, immersions

This paper answers a question of Emery [In Seminaire de Probabilites XLII (2009) 383–396 Springer] by constructing an explicit coupling of two copies of the Benes et al. [In Applied Stochastic Analysis (1991) 121–156 Gordon & Breach] diffusion (BKR diffusion), neither of which starts at the origin, and whose natural filtrations agree. The paper commences by surveying probabilistic coupling, introducing the formal definition of an immersed coupling (the natural filtration of each component is immersed in a common underlying filtration; such couplings have been described as co-adapted or Markovian in older terminologies) and of an equi-filtration coupling (the natural filtration of each component is immersed in the filtration of the other; consequently the underlying filtration is simultaneously the natural filtration for each of the two coupled processes). This survey is followed by a detailed case-study of the simpler but potentially thematic problem of coupling Brownian motion together with its local time at 0. This problem possesses its own intrinsic interest as well as being closely related to the BKR coupling construction. Attention focusses on a simple immersed (co-adapted) coupling, namely the reflection/synchronized coupling. It is shown that this coupling is optimal amongst all immersed couplings of Brownian motion together with its local time at 0, in the sense of maximizing the coupling probability at all possible times, at least when not started at pairs of initial points lying in a certain singular set. However numerical evidence indicates that the coupling is not a maximal coupling, and is a simple but non-trivial instance for which this distinction occurs. It is shown how the reflection/synchronized coupling can be converted into a successful equi-filtration coupling, by modifying the coupling using a deterministic time-delay and then by concatenating an infinite sequence of such modified couplings. The construction of an explicit equi-filtration coupling of two copies of the BKR diffusion follows by a direct generalization, although the proof of success for the BKR coupling requires somewhat more analysis than in the local time case.
‘Ontology’ and Terminological Frameworks: an Overview of Issues and Term(s)

This paper addresses the question of the protean nature of ‘ontology’, with special attention paid to its use within the domain of terminology theories and applications. This term is widely used nowadays within various disciplines for designating different types of organising relational frameworks. Yet, its designations remain unvaried and, in this way, it causes ambiguity. The multifaceted nature of the so-called ‘ontology’ hinders the possibility of providing an unambiguous deÞ nition. This is mainly due to the multi- and interdisciplinary dimension of this notion, which is outlined here through an overview of its application within philosophy, information science, and linguistic disciplines. The reference model of ontology that is applied nowadays in various disciplines corresponds to an object, or more precisely, to various types of objects which are all based on a relational framework, and are used for organising different types of knowledge units. This view differs from the original value of ontology that was shaped within philosophy as a purely theoretical model, a global and universally-valid abstract classiÞ cation of reality. Therefore, it seems appropriate that this term should acquire greater precision especially when it is used within the domain of terminology.
TerriTorial PoliTics and The reach of The sTaTe: Unevenness by design* Política territorial y el alcance del Estado: Irregularidad por diseño

aBStraCt Guillermo O’donnell drew attention to “brown spots” in Latin america’s political topography, which he defined as peripheral regions where the presence of the republican state is attenuated and more arbitrary forms of power hold sway. similarly uneven projections of state authority are visible across sub-saharan africa. this paper reviews three ways of explaining such unevenness in the state’s reach: (a.) a geographic, economic, and demographic determinism perspective, (b.) a historical-sociological perspective, and (c.) a political perspective centered on strategic bargaining between social actors and state actors. We propose that unevenness in state quality is often an artifact of state-building, rather than evidence of state failure. an analysis of state-building in modern africa, focusing on cote d’ivoire, explores some of these dynamics. Key words: state-building, africa, political economy, cote d’ivoire, territory. RESUMEN Guillermo O’donnell presto atencion a las “zonas marrones” en la topografia politica de america Latina. O’donnell definio a estas zonas como regiones perifericas donde la presencia del estado de derecho es atenuada y donde imperan formas de poder arbitrarias. de igual modo, las proyecciones irregulares de la autoridad estatal son visibles a traves del Africa sub-sahariana. este trabajo revisa tres formas de explicar dicha irregularidad en el alcance del estado: a) una perspectiva determinista geografica, economica y demografica; b) una perspectiva historico-sociologica; c) una perspectiva politica centrada en la negociacion estrategica entre actores sociales y actores estatales. proponemos que la irregularidad en la calidad del estado, en lugar de ser evidencia de un estado fallido es a menudo un artefacto de construccion del estado. se exploran estas dinamicas a partir de un analisis de la construccion del estado en el Africa moderna.
Screening of Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) Seeds for Study of their Flavonoids, Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Properties

Legumes are an excellent source of compounds having antioxidant, antimutagenic and antiaging activities. Antioxidant based drugs/formulations for prevention and treatment of complex diseases like cancer have attracted a great deal of research interest in natural antioxidants. Therefore, in this study, methanolic crude extract of seed coat, dehulled dal, cooked dal, whole seed were analysed for total phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant properties of pigeopea (Cajanus cajan L.). It is a health beneficial pulse crop grown in India. Total phenolic contents were determined using a spectrophotometric technique, based on Folin-Ciocalteau reagent and calculated as Gallic Acid equivalents per gram of extract. Hydrophillic and hydrophobic phenols were also estimated. Aluminium chloride colorimetric method was used for flavonoids determination. In-vitro antioxidant activities were screened by ferric thiocyanate (FTC) assay. Further, the free radical-scavenging activities of the extracts were measured as decolourizing activity by trapping of unpaired electron of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The scavenging efficiencies of the extracts increased with the increasing concentrations. The extract of seed coat showed maximum antioxidant activity with EC50 value 0.26±0.01 mg/ml of extract by DPPH method and 0.59±0.04 mg/ml of extract by FTC method. This maximum antioxidant activity was positively correlated with maximum total phenolic contents observed in seed coat. Results showed that dehulling and cooking reduced the phenolic contents, consequently antioxidant properties too. Based on the observations, it can be concluded that pigeonpea seeds have a potential source of antioxidants of natural origin & applicable in neutraceutical industries.
Carcass decontamination methods in slaughterhouses: a review

Η νομοθeσία της Eυρωπαϊκής Ένωσης για την ασφάλeια του κρέατος προβλέπeι την eφαρμογή ιδιαίτeρα αυστηρών προληπτικών μέτρων υγιeινής και διαδικασιών, μe στόχο την πρόληψη των κινδύνων. Eπομένως, δeν eίναι απαραίτητη η χρήση παρeμβατικών τeχνικών eξυγίανσης στο τέλος της παραγωγικής διαδικασίας. Αντίθeτα, οι Ηνωμένeς Πολιτeίeς eπιτρέπουν και έχουν ρυθμίσeι στη νομοθeσία τους τη χρήση παρeμβατικών τeχνικών eξυγίανσης των σφάγιων. Γeνικότeρα, ένα σύστημα HACCP μπορeί να βασίζeται σe παρeμβατικές τeχνικές eξυγίανσης, να χρησιμοποιeί μη παρeμβατικές μeθόδους ή να συνδυάζeι και τα δύο. Η χρήση παρeμβατικών τeχνικών eίναι πιο δαπανηρή, αποχρωματίζeι τα σφάγια και παράγeι μeγάλeς ποσότητeς αποβλήτων. Eπιπλέον, οι μέθοδοι αυτές μπορeί να αποτeλέσουν παράγοντα απόκρυψης της κακής υγιeινής της παραγωγικής διαδικασίας ή να έχουν eπιπτώσeις στην ασφάλeια του κρέατος, eξαιτίας της υπολeιμματικής δράσης ορισμένων ουσιών που χρησιμοποιούνται. Αντιθέτως, οι μη παρeμβατικές τeχνικές eίναι πιο φθηνές, πιο eύκολeς στην eφαρμογή και αντιμeτωπίζουν την αιτία της eπιμόλυνσης αυτής καθ’ αυτής, ως μια προληπτική διαδικασία. Βέβαια, οι μη παρeμβατικές τeχνικές στηρίζονται σe μeγάλο βαθμό στον ανθρώπινο παράγοντα, απαιτούν συνeχή παρακολούθηση και προσπάθeια και δeν αποκλeίουν την πιθανότητα αστοχίας στις διαδικασίeς. Στη διeθνή βιβλιογραφία πeριγράφονται και χρησιμοποιούνται στην πράξη διάφορeς τeχνικές eξυγίανσης σφάγιων, όπως: (α) πλύσιμο μe ψυχρό ή χλιαρό νeρό, (β) πλύσιμο μe θeρμό νeρό, (γ) αναρρόφηση σe συνδυασμό μe ατμό, (δ) αποστeίρωση μe ατμό, (e) eφαρμογή ακτινοβολίας, (ζ) eφαρμογή διαλυμάτων οργανικών οξέων, (η) συνδυασμός eφαρμογής διαλυμάτων οργανικών οξέων μe άλλeς μeθόδους eξυγίανσης και (θ) άλλeς τeχνικές χημικής eξυγίανσης. Σκοπός της παρούσας ανασκόπησης eίναι η παρουσίαση της σχeτικής διeθνούς βιβλιογραφίας και ο σχολιασμός eρωτημάτων σχeτικών μe τις τeχνικές eξυγίανσης σφάγιων.
MOUNTAIN TOURISM INTERCONNECTIONS. VARIATION OF MOUNTAIN TOURIST FLOW IN SUCEAVA COUNTY

Mountain tourism, in addition to one of the most common types of tourism, is generated by a complex of factors and at the same time, triggers a series of processes involving tourism phenomenon, especially the environment where it is taking place. This paper aims to discuss some of these causal factors, and the relationship between this type of tourism and the tourist area itself (1). By using SPSS analytical methods, it can be practically demonstrated the impact of mountain tourist flow in spas (2) and mountain resorts (3) in Suceava county.
Superionic Noble Metal Chalcogenide Thermoelectrics

Measurements and modeling of Cu2Se, Ag2Se, and Cu2S show that superionic conductors have great potential as thermoelectric materials. Cu2Se and Ag2Se are predicted to reach a zT of 1.2 at room temperature if their carrier concentrations can be reduced, and Cu-vacancy doped Cu2S reaches a maximum zT of 1.7 at 1000 K. Te-doped Ag2Se achieves a zT of 1.2 at 520 K, and could reach a zT of 1.7 if its carrier concentration could be reduced. However, superionic conductors tend to have high carrier concentrations due to the presence of metal defects. The carrier concentration has been found to be difficult to reduce by altering the defect concentration, therefore materials that are underdoped relative to the optimum carrier concentration are easier to optimize. The results of Te-doping of Ag2Se show that reducing the carrier concentration is possible by reducing the maximum Fermi level in the material. Two new methods for analyzing thermoelectric transport data were developed. The first involves scaling the temperature-dependent transport data according to the temperature dependences expected of a single parabolic band model and using all of the scaled data to perform a single parabolic band analysis, instead of being restricted to using one data point per sample at a fixed temperature. This allows for a more efficient use of the transport data. The second involves scaling only the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity. This allows for an estimate of the quality factor (and therefore the maximum zT in the material) without using Hall effect data, which are not always available due to time and budget constraints and are difficult to obtain in high-resistivity materials. Methods for solving the coherent potential approximation effective medium equations were developed in conjunction with measurements of the resistivity tensor elements of composite materials. This allows the electrical conductivity and mobility of each phase in the composite to be determined from measurements of the bulk. This points out a new method for measuring the pure-phase electrical properties in impure materials, for measuring the electrical properties of unknown phases in composites, and for quantifying the effects of quantum interactions in composites.
Adaptive finite element method for shape optimization

We examine shape optimization problems in the context of inexact sequential quadratic programming. Inexactness is a consequence of using adaptive finite element methods (AFEM) to approx- imate the state and adjoint equations (via the dual weighted residual method), update the boundary, and compute the geometric functional. We present a novel algorithm that equidistributes the errors due to shape optimization and discretization, thereby leading to coarse resolution in the early stages and fine resolution upon convergence, and thus optimizing the computational effort. We discuss the ability of the algorithm to detect whether or not geometric singularities such as corners are genuine to the problem or simply due to lack of resolution - a new paradigm in adaptivity.