Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Essay on Framing and Overflowing: Economic Externalities Revisited by Sociology

When reviewing the conditions required for the existence of markets, no concept is more useful or appropriate than that of 'externality'. The concept of externality is effectively central both to economies and to economics. So an attempt to clarify its significance and scope represents a suitable point of departure for renewed efforts at co-operation between sociologists and economists. Rather than highlighting the limitations and weaknesses of the concept with a view to attacking the limitations and weaknesses of economic theory, I intend to show just how useful it is as a tool for understanding the dynamics of markets, drawing upon sociology as an additional resource. I shall approach this task from the perspective of the sociologist of science and techniques. This will allow me not only to highlight the role of investment-in particular technological-in the emergence of economic agents that are capable of strategies and calculation; it will also serve as an incentive to take the 'performative' role of the sciences-and hence also of economics and sociology-more seriously. I shall start by putting my economist's hat on in order briefly to remind my fellow sociologists of the various ways in which the concept of externality can be defined, together with its practical and theoretical implications. This will lead on to a discussion of the various mechanisms upon which the concept is predicated. I shall then touch first upon what I shall here refer to as 'framing/overflowing' and upon the various issues associated with the identification, measuring and containment of such overflows. I shall subsequently focus my attention on the role played by the technosciences in the proliferation of overflows, highlighting the active role of the social sciences-alongside the natural sciences-in the identification and management of externalities. Finally, I shall draw one of the most
On Grammatical Borrowing: The Case of Arabic Plurals in the Urdu Language

The Urdu language, which represents a large-scale borrowing situation, has not only borrowed thousands of Arabic lexical items but also some grammatical aspects of Arabic. This paper deals more specifically with Arabic plurals in Urdu in terms of grammatical borrowing that is mediated by lexical borrowing. The paper supports the view that, though scarce, grammatical borrowing does nevertheless occur. The evidence is drawn from Urdu where some significant Arabic structures are adopted. The case of Arabic plurals has been taken as an example. The incorporation of Arabic plurals into Urdu plays an important role in plural formation in the language, particularly the use of Arabic broken plural (BP) patterns. BPs represent almost 86% of the collected data (150 items out of 175). However, it is worth mentioning that plural inflection is only restricted to those noun stems which have been already borrowed from Arabic. It is, then, a clear indication that Urdu has benefited from the richness of Arabic not only in the domain of beliefs and philosophy but also in the structure of Arabic grammar.
Medical CT Image Classification

With the rapid development of CT imaging technology, CT images that include various human body part like stomach, head, face, back,chest and pelvis are obtained in order to help doctors diagnose some illness like brain tumor, lung cancer, and so on. However, the efficient usage of these large amounts of image data is limited by the current image processng level and also by doctor’s experience, knowledge and some other subjective factors like whether the doctor is tired or not. Thus proper imaging, segmenting, transferring, classificaton and processing of the image by computer software is necessary. How to process all the available image data and make computer aided diagonosis system(CAD) be a reality is one of the hotspots in recent research. Recently there are some researches that focus on this specific field. Yoshida et al.(2004), proposed a lung disease detection method based on Generic Algorithms(GA) and template matching. El-bazl et al.(2003), proposed a novel CAD system based on the symmetrical feature of lung and also based on that tumors appear to be round . These methods are effective for some specific patients. However, sometimes the oversimplified algorithm can not get ideal results becasue of the heterogeneity of human body. This chapter introduces a scheme that uses NCut(Normalized Cut) image segmenter, novel edge features and SVM(Support Vector Machine) classifier to implement CT image classfication and brain tumor detection. Using real data, the propsoed algorithm was tested and some basic conclusions were given out.
Single-shot thermal ghost imaging using wavelength-division multiplexing

Ghost imaging (GI) is an emerging technique that reconstructs the target scene from its correlated measurements with a sequence of patterns. Restricted by the multi-shot principle, GI usually requires long acquisition time and is limited in observation of dynamic scenes. To handle this problem, this paper proposes a single-shot thermal ghost imaging scheme via a wavelength-division multiplexing technique. Specifically, we generate thousands of correlated patterns simultaneously by modulating a broadband light source with a wavelength dependent diffuser. These patterns carry the scene's spatial information and then the correlated photons are coupled into a spectrometer for the final reconstruction. This technique increases the speed of ghost imaging and promotes the applications in dynamic ghost imaging with high scalability and compatibility.
Study of Feeding Practices and Vaccination Status Effect on Growth and Illness in Children of 6 months to 2 years

Results: Out of the 351 children in the study, 61.8% were exclusively breast fed up to 6 months.12 (3.4%) were non vaccinated, 76(21.7%) partially vaccinated, 42(12%) were severely malnourished. Among those children who were not exclusively breast fed till 6m, had higher incidence of illnesses and severe malnutrition. From the 12(3.4%) children who were non vaccinated, 8(66.7%) had diarrhea, 3(25%) had pneumonia and 3(25%) severely malnourished.
How do people recover from alcohol dependence? A systematic review of the research on mechanisms of behavior change in Alcoholics Anonymous

Rigorous reviews of the science on the effectiveness of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) indicate that AA and related 12-step treatment are at least as helpful as other intervention approaches. Exactly how AA achieves these beneficial outcomes is less well understood, yet, greater elucidation of AA's mechanisms could inform our understanding of addiction recovery and the timing and content of alcohol-related interventions. Empirical studies examining AA's mechanisms were located from searches in Pubmed, Medline, PsycINFO, Social Service Abstracts and from published reference lists. Thirteen studies completed full mediational tests. A further six were included that had completed partial tests. Mechanisms examined fell into three domains: (1) Common processes; (2) AA-specific practices; and (3) Social and spiritual processes. Results suggest AA helps individuals recover through common process mechanisms associated with enhancing self-efficacy, coping skills, and motivation, and by facilitating adaptive social network changes. Little research or support was found for AA's specific practices or spiritual mechanisms. Conclusions are limited by between-study differences in sampling, measurement, and assessment time-points, and by insufficient theoretical elaboration of recovery-related change. Similar to the common finding that theoretically-distinct professional interventions do not result in differential patient outcomes, AA's effectiveness may not be due to its specific content or process. Rather, its chief strength may lie in its ability to provide free, long-term, easy access and exposure to recovery-related common therapeutic elements, the dose of which, can be adaptively self-regulated according to perceived need.
Tavoitteista toiminnaksi - Kestävän kulutuksen ja tuotannon visio ja tärkeimmät toimenpiteet

5 ESIPUHE . 6 1 Johdanto ja työn tavoitteet . 9 2 Työn suoritus ja menetelmät . 10 3 Megatrendejä ja strategioita KULTUn taustalla . 13 3.1 Megatrendit muokkaavat tulevaisuutta . 13 3.2 Keskeisiä kestävään kulutukseen ja tuotantoon liittyviä strategioita ja ohjelmia. 14 4 KULTUn visio, rooli ja tehtäväkenttä . 20 5 Kulutuksen tärkeimmät osa-alueet ja niiden kehityskulkuja . 22 5.1 Kulutuksen ilmastovaikutukset ja muut ympäristövaikutukset . 22 5.2 Asuminen: tavoitteeksi älykäs rakennuskanta vuonna 2030 . 23 5.3 Viisas liikkuminen . 25 5.4 Kestävä ja terveellinen ruoka . 26 5.5 Vähähiilinen matkailu ja vapaa-aika . 28 5.6 Kiertotaloutta tukeva, ympäristöystävällinen ja kohtuullinen kulutus . 30 5.7 Kestävät julkiset hankinnat . 32 6 Ehdotukset KULTUn visiosta, teemoista ja toimenpiteistä . 35 7 Johtopäätökset . 38 LÄHDELUETTELO . 40 LIITTEET . 45 Liite 1. Ennakkomateriaali KULTUsta haastateltavien tutustuttavaksi . 45 Liite 2. Haastattelun kysymykset ja haastatellut henkilöt . 52 Liite 3. Ensimmäisen työpajan ohjelma, sisältö, ja osallistujat . 53 Liite 4. Teemat ja mahdollisia toimenpiteitä . 59 Liite 5. Toisen työpajan ohjelma ja osallistujat . 62 Liite 6. Vastaajien toimenpiteille antamat pisteytykset ja avovastaukset . 67 Liite 7. Ehdotukset KULTUn toimenpiteistä . 74
Getting the most connectivity per conservation dollar

The importance of connectivity for species conservation has resulted in myriad attempts to identify corridors linking habitat patches and conservation areas. However, making smart decisions for restoring connectivity requires information beyond simple maps of corridors. Here, we combine land-parcel cost estimates with a new analytical approach that pinpoints where barrier removal can best improve connectivity to develop a return-on-investment framework for connectivity restoration. An iterative series of barrier analyses followed by simulated restorations allowed us to incorporate cumulative effects of previous restoration decisions, which can alter the potential value of future restorations. To demonstrate our approach, we identify specific sites that, if restored, would most increase habitat connectivity for the Washington ground squirrel (Urocitellus washingtoni). The analysis was performed in two ways: first without consideration of economic costs and then again, explicitly incorporating the costs of .
Study of Protein-nucleic acid Complexes

The study of biological systems, their structure and function is of great importance for science and can lead to advances in the scientific knowledge and contributions to possible discoveries from a pharmaceutical point of view. In this work we studied 4 Protein-DNA complexes and 2 Protein-RNA complexes using several computational techniques such as Molecular Dynamics simulations (MD) and the application of the Alanine Scanning Mutagenesis (ASM) methodology for the identification of hot-spots (HS) and null-spots (NS). We also made Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) profiles as well as Radial Distribution Function (RDF) and solvent accessible surface area (SASA) analysis. The MD simulations were carried out for 10ns in explicit solvent, using the ff99SB force field for DNA-based complexes and rnaff99 force field for RNA-based complexes. A total of 30 residues from the 6 complexes (23 from DNA and 7 from RNA), were mutated to alanine and their binding free energy calculated and compared to experimental values. In the end we were able to get a good correlation with the experimental values with an average error of 3.08 kcal/mol. These values are as valuable as they can be because there are very few studies in this field for DNA-based complexes and no-one for RNA-based complexes. Therefore, it leaves a good base for future studies, future optimizations and future generalization and implementation of this kind of studies. We also complemented this study with RDF and SASA analysis to support Oring theory that states that HS would be surrounded by regions with higher packing density, more deeply buried. This leads to solvent exclusion around them and results in a lower local dielectric constant environment and enhancement of specific electrostatic and hydrogen bond interactions. This region would be surrounded by another one formed by NS, whose role would be to shelter the HS from bulk solvent. 6 FCUP Study of Protein-nucleic acid Complexes
Geography and Racial Health Disparities

An extensive literature has documented racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in health care and health outcomes. We argue that the influence of geography in medical practice needs to be taken seriously for both the statistical measurement of racial disparities, and in designing reforms to reduce disparities. Past research has called attention to disparities that occur within hospitals or provider groups; for example black patients who are treated differently from whites within a hospital. We focus on a different mechanism for disparities; African-Americans tend to live in areas or seek care in regions where quality levels for all patients, black and white, are lower. Thus ensuring equal access to health care at the local or hospital level may not by itself erase overall health care disparities. However, reducing geographic disparities in both the quality of care, and the quality of health care decisions by patients, could have a first-order impact on improving racial disparities in health care and health outcomes.
Domination and Resilience in Bronze Age Mesopotamia

Although Mesopotamia has long occupied a prominent position in the public imagination, recent events—in particular, the military occupation of Iraq and the large-scale looting of museums and archaeological sites—have drawn the Iraqi present and the Mesopotamian past vividly into the spotlight. Images of legendary ancient cities, now stranded in arid wastelands, and broken monuments to kings of vanished civilizations resonate powerfully with modern audiences, themselves increasingly uncertain about our collective future. For a world in which environmental disaster and economic collapse loom on the horizon, ancient Mesopotamia can provide both cautionary tales and success stories. Recurring hazards such as drought, flooding, and locust attacks were regularly planned for, counteracted, and endured in Mesopotamia; however, several much-debated episodes of political and economic collapse testify to the precarious nature of human-environment dynamics in the region. This chapter provides an introduction to the range of hazards—whether strictly environmental or human-induced—that confronted the inhabitants of Bronze Age (ca. 3000–1200 BC) Mesopotamia. Particular emphasis is placed on institutional organization and institutional management as key factors in determining the impact of these hazards. The chapter begins with an introduction to Bronze Age Mesopotamia and to the most pertinent archaeological and written sources; it then focuses more narrowly on the eviS e v e n
Enhancing Effeciency of Ejection Fraction Calculationin the Left Ventricle

The calculation of the cardiac ejection fraction is important for determining whether or not a patient suffers from cardiovascular disease. However, manual calculation of the ejection fraction (EF) is prone to errors and is known to be prohibitively time-consuming. As such, there have been endeavors to automate this process for the sake of saving time as well as improving accuracy of estimation. Recently,GPUhave been proposed to enhance the performance of machine learning algorithms that attempt to estimate the EF. In addition, these algorithms are considered a necessary component in solving computational efficiency issuesencountered in dealing with hugeDigital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM)datasets. In this study, we useda DICOM dataset of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for 1200 human cases with different ages and gender to calculate the ejection fraction in the left ventricle.Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) was the selected neural network for the training phase of segmenting the LV and volume calculation. Our target is enhancing efficiencyof CNN to speedup training phase, and subsequently the prediction of the CVDs by experimenting with different GPU-based parallelism techniques, namely Data Parallelism (DP)and Model Parallelism (MP) in addition to the generic use of multiple GPUs. Specifically, we performed four variants of experiments; the first was using GPUs without applying any control on its behavior, the second two variants involve experiments using either DP alone or MP alone on multiple GPUs, while the fourth and final variant involves combining both DP and MP. This was done on Amazon EC2 instances that support up to 8 GPUs per instance. We used two EC2 instances to apply our experiment on 16 GPUs. Our experiments show that our proposed combination of both DP and MP havethe bestcomputational efficiency. Precisely, a speedup of up to 9.88 (over a single GPU) was achieved when using 16 GPUs in parallel with combined DP and MP. KeywordsMultiple GPUs; Data parallelism; Model Parallelism;Convolutional Neural Network __________________________________________________*****_________________________________________________
A new approach to blind identification and equalization of multipath channels

A novel blind channel identification and equalization method is proposed by exploiting the cyclostationarity of communication signals. Identification and equalization of possibly nonminimum phase multipath channels are achieved without using training signals. Unlike most of the adaptive blind equalization methods for which the convergence properties are often problematic, the eigenstructure-based channel estimation algorithm proposed here is asymptotically exact. Based on the second-order properties, the proposed approach identifies nonminimum phase channels and achieves equalization with fewer samples than most techniques based on higher-order statistics. Simulations demonstrate the promising performance of the proposed algorithm in a blind equalization of a three-ray multipath channel. <<ETX>>
Implicit Memory Support for Bilingual Speech Processing : An Investigation of Auditory Word Priming in English-Spanish Bilinguals

Of all aspects of language, phonology arguably poses the most difficulty for adult bilinguals and second-language learners. For example, bilinguals second-language (L2) production is frequently marked by an accent (Flege, Munro, & MacKay, 1995) residing in, but not limited to, non-native articulation of sounds (Guion, Flege, Liu, & Yeni-Komshian, 2000). Bilinguals L2 comprehension is similarly characterized by perceptual confusions arising whenever contrasting L2 sounds are subsumed perceptually by similar native-language (L1) sounds (Guion, Flege, Akahane-Yamada, & Pruitt, 2000), implicating an L1 bias in L2 processing. In addition, bilinguals difficulty in L2 perception and production is also revealed in training studies, which yield relatively minor improvements and little generalization beyond training materials, in spite of massive instruction (Bradlow, Pisoni, Akahane-Yamada, & Tohkura, 1997). However, these difficulties inherent in learning L2 phonology stand in stark contrast to many bilinguals near-native attainment in learning an L2 lexicon (Weber-Fox & Neville, 1996), illustrating a striking discrepancy between their ability to acquire the meaning of an unfamiliar word and their capacity to accurately perceive and produce it. This discrepancy is in fact even more perplexing given that, in L1 development, learning the lexicon predominantly entails a (nearly) simultaneous and successful acquisition of both the phonological and referential properties of words. The present study adopted an information-processing perspective to investigate possible reasons for this discrepancy and thus sought an explanation for bilinguals difficulty in acquiring L2 phonology at the level of language-processing mechanisms. One question central to an investigation of language processing lies in identifying a potential mechanism which operates at the level of spoken-word processing and underlies word learning. Another related question resides in developing an adequate description of this mechanism, a description which may be applied to both L1 and L2 development. Thus the overall objective of the present study was to answer both of these questions. In particular, the present study extended the study of spoken-word processing from an L1 to an L2 to determine whether and to what extent auditory word primingone mechanism of spoken-word processingis available in L2 spoken-word processing. In so doing, the present study sought to explain why learning L2 phonology so often poses a considerable problem for adult bilinguals.
Possibility of using organic fertilization to grow pine plantations on former agricultural lands

Abstract In accordance with the National Program for Increasing Forest Cover it is planned to augment Poland’s forest cover to 30% by 2020. This task involves afforestation of agricultural lands by pioneer species that have low habitat requirements, such as the silver birch or the Scots pine. Application of sawdust, clear cutting residues, compost bark and compost beneath tree roots contributed to better development of the assimilation apparatus. The use of mineral fertilizer stimulated tree growth as well as improved physical and chemical properties of soil.
The Rate of Convergence of the Augmented Lagrangian Method for a Nonlinear Semidefinite Nuclear Norm Composite Optimization Problem

We propose two basic assumptions, under which the rate of convergence of the augmented Lagrange method for a class of composite optimization problems is estimated. We analyze the rate of local convergence of the augmented Lagrangian method for a nonlinear semidefinite nuclear norm composite optimization problem by verifying these two basic assumptions. Without requiring strict complementarity, we prove that, under the constraint nondegeneracy condition and the strong second order sufficient condition, the rate of convergence is linear and the ratio constant is proportional to 1/c, where c is the penalty parameter that exceeds a threshold \bar c>0. The analysis is based on variational analysis about the proximal mapping of the nuclear norm and the projection operator onto the cone of positively semidefinite symmetric matrices.
Labor Flows and the Aggregate Matching Function: A Network-Based Test Using Employer-Employee Matched Records

The assumption of aggregate matching functions in labor markets is tested using a network configuration model for directed multigraphs. We use employer–employee matched records of the universe of employees and firms in Finland and find that aggregate matching functions, even at the level of submarkets, cannot explain the vast majority of the observed patterns of labor flows between firms. Our findings suggest the need for theoretical frameworks that take into account the structure of labor market frictions.