Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Social Capital and Social Role on Starting Wage for People With and Without Disabilities

People with disabilities are arguably the most economically marginalized population in America. Employment does not address the problem unless wages reach adequate levels, suggesting the need for better understanding of factors influencing compensation in employment. The purpose of this study is to replicate previous findings on social capital and starting wage while also considering the influence of social role for people with and without disabilities. The responses of university health students to hypothetical hiring scenarios were analyzed using a three-way mixed ANOVA. Results support and extend prior research suggesting that social capital and social role have a positive influence on starting wage for both people with and without disabilities. Scenarios depicting social capital and positive social role resulted in an increase in hourly wage of more than US$1,500.00 per year than those with low levels of social capital and a negative social role. A similar but weaker relationship between pay and social capital existed when there was one degree of separation (i.e., the friend of a friend) between employer and new employee. Social role, along with social capital, is an important factor in starting wage decisions. Implications for the job search are provided.
Circular navigation guidance law for precision missile/target engagements

Presents a precision guidance law with impact angle constraint for a two-dimensional planar intercept. It is based on the principle of following a circular arc to the target, hence the name "circular navigation guidance" (CNG). This law is shown mathematically to be successful over a wide range of initial conditions. Computer simulations show that CNG performs much better than an equivalent law from the literature, and that it outperforms the standard proportional navigation guidance law in terms of miss distance. A simplified law is presented that can be used without range-to-target information.
RF Transport Electromagnetic Properties of CVD Graphene from DC to 110 MHz

We report measurement of the radio-frequency (RF) transport electromagnetic properties of chemical vapour deposition (CVD) graphene over the DC to 110 MHz frequency range at room temperature. Graphene on Si/SiO2 substrate was mounted in a shielded four terminal-pair (4TP) adaptor which enabled direct connection to a calibrated precision impedance analyser for measurements. Good agreement is observed for the DC four-probe resistance and the 4TP resistance at 40 Hz, both yielding R ~ 104 {\Omega}. In general the apparent graphene channel electromagnetic properties are found to be strongly influenced by the substrate parasitic capacitance and resistance, particularly for high-frequencies f > 1 MHz. A phenomenological lumped-parameter equivalent circuit model is presented which matches the frequency response of the graphene 4TP impedance device over approximately seven decades of the frequency range of the applied transport alternating current. Based on this model, it is shown for the first time, that the intrinsic graphene channel resistance of the 4TP device is frequency-independent (i.e. dissipationless) with RG ~ 105 {\Omega} or sheet resistance of approximately 182 {\Omega} / sq. The parasitic substrate impedance of the device is found shunt RG with RP ~ 2.2 {\Omega} in series with CP ~ 600 pF. These results suggest that our new RF 4TP method is in good agreement with the conventional DC four-probe method for measuring the intrinsic sheet resistance of single-atom thick materials and could potentially open up new applications in RF electronics, AC quantum Hall effect metrology and sensors based on graphene 4TP devices operating over broad range of frequencies.
Characteristics of Individual Particles Emitted from an Experimental Burning Chamber with Coal from the Lung Cancer Area of Xuanwei, China

ABSTRACT Pollutants emitted from household coal burning in Xuanwei, China, have been recognized as the reason for the high lung cancer mortality and morbidity rates in the area. To examine the characteristics of particles emitted from coal burning, a coal burning-dilution chamber was designed, and the individual particles emitted from the chamber at different burning stages were collected. The morphologies and elemental compositions of the individual particles were analyzed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. Four types of particles, namely, organic particles, soot particles, S-rich particles, and mineral particles, were identified. The largest percentage of particles by number in the ignition stage, fierce-burning stage, and char-burning stage was composed of organic particles (66%), soot particles (71%), and mineral particles (73%), respectively. A distinctive characteristic was the remarkable abundance of Si- and Fe-rich particles during the char burning stage, compared with emissions from other types of coal. According to the elemental composition, 49% of the mineral particles were Si-rich, 25% were Ca-rich, 14% were Fe-rich, and 7% were Ti-rich. The Si-rich particles were partly identified as quartz (SiO2), the Ca-rich particles were found to be CaSO4 or CaCO3, the Fe-rich particles were primarily Fe2O3 or Fe3O4, and the Ti-rich particles were mainly TiO2. Notably, SiO2 is a human carcinogen, and Fe-rich particles possess a high reactive potential with DNA-markers.
Fuzzy-match repair using black-box machine translation systems: what can be expected?

Computer-aided translation (CAT) tools often use a translation memory (TM) as the key resource to assist translators. A TM contains translation units (TU) which are made up of source and target language segments; translators use the target segments in the TU suggested by the CAT tool by converting them into the desired translation. Proposals from TMs could be made more useful by using techniques such as fuzzy-match repair (FMR) which modify words in the target segment corresponding to mismatches identified in the source segment. Modifications in the target segment are done by translating the mismatched source sub-segments using an external source of bilingual information (SBI) and applying the translations to the corresponding positions in the target segment. Several combinations of translated sub-segments can be applied to the target segment which can produce multiple repair candidates. We provide a formal algorithmic description of a method that is capable of using any SBI to generate all possible fuzzy-match repairs and perform an oracle evaluation on three different language pairs to ascertain the potential of the method to improve translation productivity. Using DGT-TM translation memories and the machine system Apertium as the single source to build repair operators in three different language pairs, we show that the best repaired fuzzy matches are consistently closer to reference translations than either machine-translated segments or unrepaired fuzzy matches.
Trial of Labour after Caesarean Section: A 5-Year Review

Background: Trial of labour after Caesarean section (TOLAC) refers to an attempt at vaginal delivery after a previous caesarean section. Outcome is influenced by a number of factors which are important in patient’s selection. Objectives: The aim of this study was to find out the incidence and feto-maternal outcome of the practice of Trial of labour after Caesarean section. Methodology: This is a retrospective study of cases of vaginal birth after Caesarean section Data were retrieved from the case notes of patients who attempted vaginal birth after Caesarean section from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2017, a period of five years. Result: There were 10,669 deliveries, 3179 of which were through Caesarean section. This gave a Caesarean section rate of 29.8%. A total of 217 patients attempted vaginal birth after Caesarean section and 83 ended up as repeat Caesarean section (38.2%) while 138 (61.8%) had successful vaginal birth after Caesarean section. Patients with previous vaginal delivery, age range 25 - 29 years and interdelivery interval of greater than or equal to 2 years were more successful at achieving vaginal birth after Caesarean section. The leading indications for the repeat Caesarean section include cephalopelvic disproportion (45.8%), poor progress of labour (19.3%) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (8.4%). Conclusion: Vaginal birth after Caesarean section was successful in most of the parturients that attempted it in this study especially in patients within the age range of 25 - 29 years, those that have had previous vaginal delivery and with interdelivery interval of greater than or equal to 2 years.
Secure DNA data compression using algebraic curves

A system that achieves compression using artificial DNA packaging with the support of two algebraic curves is presented, whereby the Hermitian channel code algorithm introduces gain and safety. Additionally, performance results are presented with a gain of 7 dB against uncoded quadrature phase shift keying and 1 dB against McEliece, for a bit error rate of 10 -3 . The results of the security levels compared with the McEliece system are also presented.
Objective quality measures for halftoned images

Digital halftoning algorithms can produce results of very different quality and characteristics. To evaluate and improve the algorithms, it is important to have robust image quality measures. We propose a method to evaluate objectively the quality of halftoned images. The method is capable of evaluating any kind of monochrome original and is not limited by the choice of halftoning method. To perform the evaluation with respect to the perception of printed halftones, we use models for dot gain in prints and the human visual system. The main contribution and novelty of the method is an adaptive filter used to separate the halftone characteristics from the information about the original in the halftoned image. This approach facilitates the evaluation of the halftoned image’s resemblance to the original as well as of the characteristics of the halftoning method.
Technical Change, Inequality, and the Labor Market

This essay discusses the effect of technical change on wage inequality. I argue that the behavior of wages and returns to schooling indicates that technical change has been skill-biased during the past sixty years. Furthermore, the recent increase in inequality is most likely due to an acceleration in skill bias. In contrast to twentieth century developments, most technical change during the nineteenth century appears to be skill-replacing. I suggest that this is because the increased supply of unskilled workers in the English cities made the introduction of these technologies profitable. On the other hand, the twentieth-century has been characterized by skill-biased technical change because the rapid increase in the supply of skilled workers has induced the development of skill-complementary technologies. The recent acceleration in skill bias is in turn likely to have been a response to the acceleration in the supply of skills during the past several decades.
Coudé-feed stellar spectral library – atmospheric parameters

Context. Empirical libraries of stellar spectra play an important role in different fields. For example, they are used as reference for the automatic determination of atmospheric parameters, or for building synthetic stellar populations to study galaxies. The CFLIB (Coude-feed library, Indo-US) database is at present one of the most complete libraries, in terms of its coverage of the atmospheric parameters space (Teff ,l ogg and [Fe/H]) and wavelength coverage 3460–9464 A at a resolution of ∼ 1A FWHM. Although the atmospheric parameters of most of the stars were determined from detailed analyses of high-resolution spectra, for nearly 300 of the 1273 stars of the library at least one of the three parameters is missing. For the others, the measurements, compiled from the literature, are inhomogeneous. Aims. In this paper, we re-determine the atmospheric parameters, directly using the CFLIB spectra, and compare them to the previous studies. Methods. We use the ULySS program to derive the atmospheric parameters, using the ELODIE library as a reference. Results. Based on comparisons with several previous studies we conclude that our determinations are unbiased. For the 958 F, G, and K type stars the precision on Teff ,l ogg ,a nd [Fe/ H] is respectively 43 K, 0.13 dex and 0.05 dex. For the 53 Ms tars they are 82 K, 0.22 dex and 0.28 dex. And for the 260 OBA type stars the relative precision on Teff is 5.1%, and on log g ,a nd [Fe/H] the precision is respectively 0.19 dex and 0.16 dex. These parameters will be used to re-calibrate the CFLIB fluxes and to produce synthetic spectra of stellar populations.
Evaluation of In Vivo Toxicity of Dichloromethane: Methanolic Leaf Extracts of Prosopis juliflora in Female Wistar Albino Rats

Prosopis juliflora (Mathenge) is an exotic, evergreen leguminous lant found in the dry Coastal, Rift Valley and Northern parts of Kenya. It is tolerant to extreme environmental conditions, rated among top 100 most invasive species worldwide. The species leaf extracts is used in folk cure to various ailments and have promising pharmacological properties however; information on their toxicity in animals and human is insufficient. The study assessed phytochemical composition of P. juliflora leaf extracts, effects on body weights, organ weights, hematological parameters, liver function markers and histopathology in major organs of Wistar albino rats. Acute toxicity test was carried out at 2000 mg/kg body weight followed by a 28 days sub chronic toxicity study at 100, 350 and 1000 mg/kg body weight extracts dosages. The control animals were administered with normal saline. Animals were monitored for physical and behavioral changes including death. They were fasted overnight on 28th day and sacrificed on anesthesia on 29th day. Blood was collected by cardiac puncture. Hematological and liver functions tests were done. Tissue sample of selected organs were processed for histopathology. Data from control and treated animals groups were analyzed by ANOVA and Dunnett’s test. Phytochemicals confirmed included alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, terpenoids and saponnins but no cardiac glycosides. Median lethal dose was estimated at above 2000 mg/kg body weight. Dose related transient toxicity symptoms included wheezing, decreased activity, and pilo erection. No significant toxicity effects on hematological parameters were noticed except in mean platelets volume. Similarly, no significant adverse effects occurred in liver function tests except at 1000 mg/kg body weight dosage. No significant adverse changes in plasma proteins, body weights and absolute organ weights were observed except in kidneys and spleen. Histological examination of sample tissues showed mild effects in spleen and kidneys but no adverse pathology in other organ tissues.
Real-Time Human Posture Recognition

: The spinal cord of the human body serves as the integral part to sustaining our body’s posture. An incorrect posture may lead to back and spinal injuries. To avoid this, we have come up with an application that uses Computer vision and Neural networks to analyze the human postures and immediately notify the users to recheck their postures through an Android app and a Desktop app. The data provided as input to the network is divided into two sub-classes and each posture is then recognized and analyzed. For primary training and testing purposes we have used Convolutional Neural Networks as it provides this intuitive way of looking at images, analyzing adjacent pixels in small areas and input those readings in a pooling layer. For final training and testing purposes we have used GANs, Generative Adversarial Networks, as it uses a generator network for generating the correct and incorrect data and dynamically classifying them. We tested the entire working model using a real-time video feed of various environments, the model proves to be highly accurate.
Non Linear Programming Approach for Radiotherapy Treatment Planning with Partial Volume Constraints

: Optimization has become an important tool in treatment planning for cancer radiation therapy . In radiation therapy the major test is to quantify optimization techniques. In this paper an attempt has been made to solve the ‘radiotherapy treatment planning’ by using non linear programming approach with partial volume constraints. The challenge in therapy preparation is to decide a treatment plan, to determine beam weights, beam directions, and appropriate use of beam modifiers such as wedges and blocks, with the aim of delivering a lethal dose to the tumor while sparing nearby organs at risk and normal tissue. The results are evaluated numerically and illustrated through dose volume histograms.
Voltage Stability Analysis of Power Systems With Induction Motors Based on Holomorphic Embedding

Load characteristics have substantial influence on the voltage stability of power systems. The self-restorative characteristic and stalling of induction motor loads can deteriorate the voltage stability, so it is necessary to develop accurate and efficient dynamic analysis methods for voltage stability analysis of systems with induction motor loads. In this paper, a set of methods based on holomorphic embedding is proposed, which is able to solve steady states and dynamics of a power system with induction motors. The paper is the first work that applies holomorphic embedding to dynamic problems of power systems. The test cases on the IEEE 14-bus system, the NPCC 140-bus system, and the Polish 2383-bus system verify both accuracy and efficiency of the proposed methods.
The Methodology of Representing and Analyzing the Three-Dimensional Tunnel Case

This study is conducted to demonstrate the ability of the 3-D representation of the underground reinforced concrete tunnels with the action of the method of construction. Three distinct objectives are considered; the methodology of idealization based on finite element representation, the nonlinear behavior of the system, and the effect of using interface element to represent the soil structure interaction. This study contains models of the materials, some notes about the used elements, and finally the simulation of two case studies with some results. Some of the conclusions that extract from this study are, negligible differences in the results were appearing from analyzing different F.E. meshes of the tunnel, and more conservative simulation for the model can be made by using interface element to simulate the soil structure interaction because it increases the response (displacement and stresses) in tunnel lining.
PHYSICAL MODELING OF THE FORMATION OF KOMATIITE-HOSTED NICKEL DEPOSITS AND A REVIEW OF THE THERMAL EROSION PARADIGM

Theoretical assessment of the physics of komatiites as resulting from open-channel flows indicates them to be turbulent and to have velocities ranging from meters/second to tens of meters per second, depending on slope and thickness ( i.e. , depth) of the flow. These flows should also carry stratifications of suspended load (due to increasing content of crystals as the melt cools along its run) as do rivers transporting sediment. Depending on the distance from the source, the bed load may be rich in olivine crystals, the suspended load above it, rich in sulfides, and the upper portions of the flow may consist of more evolved material. Calculated thicknesses of these suspended loads and their vertical distributions correspond to field observations. Primocrysts ( e.g. , chromian spinel) should accumulate at the boundaries separating each suspended load in the flow. The observed drop in temperature per kilometer of run of basalt lava flows provides a means to imply cooling rates for higher-temperature komatiite flows. Barring supersaturation, the implied rates of cooling indicate that sulfides should begin to precipitate from a komatiitic melt around 40 km from the source. Finite-element modeling of these flows indicates that eddies form on the upstream side of ledges or in hollows. These eddies provide an extremely efficient means for scavenging metals into sulfides, and their morphology corresponds to massive sulfide deposits associated with embayments. The vigor of the eddies is dependent on the Reynolds number Re , and indicates Re to be as important as the R factor for the formation of economic deposits. The sulfides must be well mixed with the melt in order to scavenge the greatest amount of nickel. Scavenging efficacy increases with Re to a maximum, then decreases. For example, a thick flow (large R factor) will be fast (large Reynolds number), in which case the melt may simply hurdle the embayment with little eddy formation and little catchment for massive sulfide formation. These numerical models support some of the physical models of Naldrett and coworkers. It is difficult to incorporate the results here into thermal erosion models, which is in line with recent critiques of such mechanisms. Thermal erosion is not seen in industrial practice, where continuous casting of melts of temperatures considerably higher than magmas yield only chilled margins between sluice and melt, which armors against any chemical communication between the two. Similarly, Hawaiian lavas do not thermally erode tar roads. A quenched crust is formed over the road, which armors it against the lava above it. The results herein seem to indicate the necessity of some topography to “trip” the flow and get it tumbling in order to secure thorough mixing.
Creating an enterprise‐level “green” strategy

Purpose – Over the past decade, concepts that focus on environmental stewardship have gripped the collective intellect of humankind, challenged our capacity to be self‐aware, and established a common global imperative to respond to critical issues that arise from world‐wide climate change and natural resource conservation. Yet, while most enterprises have already undertaken some form of “green” initiative, very few have established an enterprise‐level “green” strategy that responds to the new global imperative. This paper aims to provide a methodology and tool‐set to help close that gap.Design/methodology/approach – The article provides a methodology and tool set needed to assess an enterprise and formulate green strategy. The scope covers: a definition of “green” strategy and the guiding principles for its formulation; best practices and illustrations of how they are being adopted; a methodology for developing an enterprise‐level green strategy that integrates with all the other areas of strategy formula.