Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Second-Look Arthroscopic Evaluation of Repaired Medial Meniscus in Anterior Cruciate Ligament—Reconstructed Knees

Background Tears of the medial meniscus posterior horn (MMPH) are frequently found in knees with deficient anterior cruciate ligaments (ACLs). There are few studies that have evaluated healing of the menisci and the factors associated with healing. Hypothesis The repaired menisci would show good healing in the knees with reconstructed ACLs, and the healing capacity of the menisci would differ according to the size, type, and location of the tear as well as the age and gender. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods From August 1997 to February 2007, 311 knees underwent MMPH repair using either a modified all-inside or inside-out technique with concomitant ACL reconstruction. Among these patients, a second-look arthroscopy was performed at a mean of 37.7 months postoperatively (range, 12-128 months) in 140 patients. Clinical parameters and outcomes were evaluated. The repaired menisci were divided into complete, incomplete, and failure-to-heal groups. The factors associated with meniscal healing were statistically assessed. Results Among 140 patients, 118 (84.3%) showed complete healing, 17 (12.1%) had incomplete healing, and 5 (3.6%) failed to heal. The clinical success rate was 96.4% (135/140) because patients in the incomplete group showed no clinical symptoms associated with meniscal tears. Healing was associated with the tear location (P < .001) and type of tear (P = .0237) on the univariate analysis and the location (P = .0401) only on the multivariate analysis. Conclusion Repaired MMPH tears in knees with reconstructed ACLs healed without complications and had satisfactory clinical results. The tear location and type were factors associated with healing on the univariate analysis and location only on the multivariate analysis.
Appropriate Technology for Humans and Organizations

This paper introduces the idea of ‘Appropriate Technology’ and applies it to some of the choices organizations make when designing, implementing and managing information technology (IT). It questions whether companies make appropriate choices about the extent of technology, the allocation of system functions between humans and machines, the design of jobs and roles for humans, the design of supporting organizational structures, and the methods used during design and implementation. If inappropriate choices are made in these areas, problems of morale, motivation and system performance can occur. The objectives of the paper are to examine whether these ideas can help to identify and explain problems in the implementation of new technology, and to argue that social scientists have so far achieved relatively little in helping organizations to make more appropriate choices in these areas. The paper makes a number of propositions about new technology from a social science perspective, introduces what is meant by Appropriate Technology, uses manufacturing as an example of an environment within which new technologies are being implemented, and describes five key decision areas for managers. As a result, a new set of propositions is made, this time from the perspective of general management and engineering. The author draws on research and development experiences with a number of companies, and on work undertaken within the ESPRIT and Alvey programmes.
Feeding infants in four societies : causes and consequences of mothers' choices

Introduction by Virginia H. Laukara, James E. Post, Penny Van Esterik and Beverly Winikoff Infant Feeding in Bangkok, Thailand by Beverly Winikoff, Somchai Durongdej and Barry J. Cerf Infant Feeding in Bogota, Colombia by Mary Ann Castle, Giorgio Solimano, Beverly Winikoff, Belen Samper de Paredes, Maria Eugenia Romero, and Adela Morales de Look Infant Feeding in Nairobi, Kenya by Michael C. Latham, K. Okoth Agunda and Terry Elliot Infant Feeding in Semarang, Indonesia by Mary Ann Castle, Beverly Winikoff, Moeljono S. Trastotenojo and Fatimah Muis The Influence of Maternal Employment on Infant Feeding by Beverly Winikoff and Mary Ann Castle The Influence of Health Services on Infant Feeding by Beverly Winikoff and Mary Ann Castle The Influence of Marketing on Infant Feeding by James E. Post and Robert A. Smith The Cultural Context of Infant Feeding by Penny Van Esterik Breastfeeding Practices and Postpartum Amenorrhea by Lily W. Lee The Influence of Infant Feeding Practices on Morbidity Child Growth by Beverly Winikoff and Viginia H. Laukaran Summary by Beverly Winikoff Bibliography Index
Categorização de imagens e pesquisa de base de dados através de exemplos

With the constant growing of the surrounding information, the need of creating searching tools rises. Content-based image retrieval is an important and challenging research area. In this dissertation it is proposed two approaches for content-based image retrieval. In both approaches, the first phase consist in feature measurement and in the creation of a representative feature vector of the query image. The measures are made to texture, colour and shape. For the measures of texture and colour first it’s computed textons as elements with local information in a neighbourhood of size 2× 2 . The shape measure is obtained by computing histograms of phase and module of the points in the image contour. In the first approach the similarity measure is measured with all the images in the database, retrieving the most similar. The similarity measure can have two phases, the first using the global features of images, and the second using local features, with the objective of improve the search. The second approach consists in classifying the query image so that a class related to it. Next the measure of similarity is made only with the images of the same class as query. The quality of the retrieval was evaluated, it obtained in a total of 100 tests a maximum precision of 62% and an average classification error of 5.99%.
Cryptic Species of Parasitoids Attacking the Soybean Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Asia: Binodoxys communis and Binodoxys koreanus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae)

ABSTRACT Collections of parasitoids attacking the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hemiptera: Aphididae), in South Korea yielded specimens that were originally identified as Binodoxys communis (Gahan) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). We report here on laboratory studies indicating that this population is actually a previously unknown species of Binodoxys. Four classes of comparisons were made between the Korean population and a Chinese population that also had been identified as B. communis. The comparisons included 1) mating trials coupled with behavioral observations and spermathecal examinations, 2) assessment of nucleotide divergence at two mitochondrial and two nuclear gene loci, 3) patterns of host use, and 4) reassessment of morphological characters. These studies revealed premating reproductive isolation of the two populations and minor nucleotide differences in mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I sequences and nuclear internal transcriber spacer 1 sequences, providing strong indications that they are different species. Subtle morphological differences also were discovered that confirmed that the Chinese population corresponds to B. communis, whereas the Korean population does not. We propose the name Binodoxys koreanus StarÝ, sp. n. for the Korean population. The two species exhibited similar host ranges in the laboratory, the most notable exception being that B. koreanus, sp. n. is better able to develop in a population of Aphis craccivora Koch that harbors the bacterial endosymbiont Hamiltonella defensa Moran, which seems to strongly interfere with the development of B. communis. We discuss the implications of our results for biological control introductions against the soybean aphid in North America.
Cell salvage for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion.

BACKGROUND Concerns regarding the safety of transfused blood, have prompted reconsideration of the use of allogeneic (blood from an unrelated donor) red blood cell (RBC) transfusion, and a range of techniques to minimise transfusion requirements. OBJECTIVES To examine the evidence for the efficacy of cell salvage in reducing allogeneic blood transfusion and the evidence for any effect on clinical outcomes. SEARCH STRATEGY Articles were identified by: computer searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Current Contents (to July 2002), the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (Issue 2, 2002) and websites of international health technology assessment agencies. References in the identified trials and review articles were searched and authors contacted to identify additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA Controlled parallel group trials in which adult patients, scheduled for non-urgent surgery, were randomised to cell salvage, or to a control group, who did not receive the intervention. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Trial quality was assessed using criteria proposed by Schulz et al. (Schulz 1995) and Jadad et al. (Jadad 1996). Main outcomes measured were: the number of patients exposed to allogeneic red cell transfusion, and the amount of blood transfused. Other outcomes measured were: re-operation for bleeding, blood loss, post-operative complications (thrombosis, infection, non-fatal myocardial infarction, renal failure), mortality, and length of hospital stay (LOS). MAIN RESULTS Overall, the use of cell salvage reduced the rate of exposure to allogeneic RBC transfusion by a relative 40% (relative risk [RR] = 0.60: 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.51 to 0.70). The absolute reduction in risk (ARR) of receiving an allogeneic RBC transfusion was 23% (95%CI = 16% to 30%). In orthopaedic procedures the relative risk (RR) of exposure to RBC transfusion was 0.42 (95%CI = 0.32 to 0.54) compared to 0.78 (95%CI = 0.68 to 0.88) for cardiac procedures. The use of cell salvage resulted in an average saving of 0.64 units of allogeneic RBC per patient (weighted mean difference [WMD] = -0.64: 95%CI = -0.86 to -0.46). Cell salvage did not appear to impact adversely on clinical outcomes. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS The results suggest cell salvage is efficacious in reducing the need for allogeneic red cell transfusion in adult elective surgery. However, the methodological quality of trials was poor. As the trials were unblinded and lacked adequate concealment of treatment allocation, transfusion practices may have been influenced by knowledge of the patient's treatment status biasing the results in favour of cell salvage.
bayeclass : an R package for learning Bayesian network classifiers . Applications to neuroscience

Machine learning provides tools for automatized analysis of data. The most commonly used form of machine learning is supervised classification. A supervised classifier learns a mapping from the descriptive features of an object to the set of possible classes, from a set of features-class pairs. Once learned, it is used to predict the class for novel data instances. The Bayesian network-based supervised classifiers are particularly useful. They have a solid theoretical basis in probability theory and provide competitive predictive performance. Many algorithms for learning Bayesian network classifiers exist. However, only two are provided in freely available software. The R software environment is the leading open-source system for statistical computing. We provide an implementation of state-of-the-art Bayesian network classifiers for the R environment, in the form of an add-on package called bayesclass. The best-known Bayesian network classifier is the naive Bayes. It assumes that the features are independent given the class. In many domains, more accurate classification is obtained by relaxing these assumptions. The semi-naive Bayes model removes all assumptions of conditional independence within disjoint subsets of features. Its state-of-the-art learning algorithm, the backward sequential elimination and joining (BSEJ) algorithm, tends to produce semi-naive Bayes models with small subsets of related features. Such a model removes only a few of naive Bayes’ independence assumptions. We extend the BSEJ algorithm with a second step which removes some of its unwarranted independence assumptions. Our classifier outperforms the BSEJ and five other Bayesian network classifiers on a set of benchmark databases, although the difference in performance is not statistically significant. Classification of neurons is an important problem in neuroscience. Previously, 42 experts classified a set of interneurons according to a proposed taxonomy. They disagreed on many of the terms of the taxonomy. The gathered data allows for constructing an objective computational model that could resolve the conflicts by assigning the definitive class labels. A supervised classifier can learn the required mapping from quantitative neuronal descriptors to the experts’ taxonomical choices. A challenge is that there are up to 42 class labels per neuron and the most voted label is not always reliable (i.e. has many votes). We use only the cells with reliable class labels to build the classifiers and obtain high predictive accuracy.
Meaning in life of patients with cancer

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate meaning in life and its predictors in Turkish patients with cancer. Methods: A convenience sample of 182 patients with cancer at a Turkish university hospital completed a structured questionnaire including demographic characteristics, disease/treatment characteristics, symptom level, and the meaning in life scale for patients with cancer in 2007. The researcher visited the oncology clinic five work days in every week and conducted interviews with the patients. In analysis of the data, correlation, t-tests, Kruskal-Wallis variance and regression analysis were used. Results: In this study, the mean score of the total meaning in life showed that the patients tended to be undecided concerning meaning in life. Education level, age, and diagnosis duration of the independent variables were effective predictors of meaning in life. Together the independent variables explained 24.3% of the variance of the purpose subscale, 26.2% of the variance of the coherence subscale, 14% of the variance of the choice/responsibleness subscale, and 44.1% of the total variance of the goal seeking subscale. Overall the independent variables explained 19.8% of the total variance of the total meaning in life. Significance of results: The results in this study should increase the awareness of cancer care professionals about a range of the meaning in life and may help them to target particular patient groups for detail support interventions.
A 16-element power AIPAA with a 4-bit digital LTCC phase shifter operating at the 5.8 GHz-band for wireless communication and power transmission

5.8 GHz band digital phase shifters to control a beam direction for an Active Integrated Phased Array Antenna (AIPAA) are designed. The 4-bit phase shifters with integrated GaAs FET SPDT switches are integrated with an LTCC substrate. We realized a low loss 4-bit LTCC phase shifter with the size of 10 mm × 13 mm × 0.55 mm. From the simulation results, the insertion loss of LTCC phase shifter without the switch is simulated with about 0.5dB/bit. The insertion loss of the LTCC phase shifter integrated with the GaAs FET SPDT switches and phase error are measured to be about 2.3dB/bit and less than 15°, respectively. In addition, beam scanning with angles of ±30 degrees was successfully achieved with 10 Mbps MSK signal from the 16-element active integrated phased array antenna.
The Association of Recreational and Competitive Running With Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis

•STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review and meta‐analysis. •BACKGROUND: Running is a healthy and popular activity worldwide, but data regarding its association with osteoarthritis (OA) are conflicting. •OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association of hip and knee OA with running and to explore the influence of running intensity on this association. •METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were used to identify studies investigating the occurrence of OA of the hip and/or knee among runners. A meta‐analysis of studies comparing this occurrence between runners and controls (sedentary, nonrunning individuals) was conducted. Runners were regarded as “competitive” if they were reported as professional/elite athletes or participated in international competitions. Recreational runners were individuals running in a nonprofessional (amateur) context. The prevalence rate and odds ratio (with 95% confidence interval [CI]) for OA between runners (at competitive and recreational levels) and controls were calculated. Subgroup analyses were conducted for OA location (hip or knee), sex, and years of exposure to running (less or more than 15 years). •RESULTS: Twenty‐five studies (n = 125 810 individuals) were included and 17 (n = 114 829 individuals) were meta‐analyzed. The overall prevalence of hip and knee OA was 13.3% (95% CI: 11.6%, 15.2%) in competitive runners, 3.5% (95% CI: 3.4%, 3.6%) in recreational runners, and 10.2% (95% CI: 9.9%, 10.6%) in controls. The odds ratio for hip and/or knee OA in competitive runners was higher than that in recreational runners (1.34; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.86 and 0.86; 95% CI: 0.69, 1.07, respectively; controls as reference group; for difference, P<.001). Exposure to running of less than 15 years was associated with a lower association with hip and/or knee OA compared with controls (OR = 0.6; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.73). •CONCLUSION: Recreational runners had a lower occurrence of OA compared with competitive runners and controls. These results indicated that a more sedentary lifestyle or long exposure to high‐volume and/or high‐intensity running are both associated with hip and/or knee OA. However, it was not possible to determine whether these associations were causative or confounded by other risk factors, such as previous injury. •LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Etiology/harm, level 2a. •KEY WORDS: hip, knee, osteoarthritis, runners
Modeling and understanding burst transmission algorithms for energy efficient ethernet

Recently, the energy consumption of Ethernet has become one of the hottest topics focused by both academic committee and industry, especially with the increase of the link speed from 1Gbps to 10Gbps nowadays or even 40/100/200Gbps in the near future. To save the energy consumed by the Ethernet, the Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE) is developed and standardized by the IEEE 802.3az work group. When there is no incoming traffic, the EEE can saves 90 % of its energy consumption by entering into the Low Power Idle (LPI) mode. To maximize the energy saving of Ethernet, the Burst TRansmission (BTR) algorithm, which defines a new way to utilize the LPI mode, is developed as a policy for EEE. Prior work theoretically shows that the BTR algorithm makes a tradeoff between the energy saving and the queuing delay. However, the traffic pattern, on which the performance of EEE greatly depends, is assumed to be deterministic in their analyses. Besides, their models made estimation for many situations. In this paper, assuming that the arrival time of packets can be modeled by Poisson process, we build Markov model for EEE with the BTR algorithm and provide analytical understanding on the BTR algorithm. We propose two actual models: one focuses on the buffer size limit, the other concentrates on tolerable packet delay additionally. We draw some guidelines of parameter selection and policy design for EEE from combination of theory conclusions and simulation results. The results show that the saved energy can be constrained by link occupancy even though the buffer size is variational. The other policy buffer full triggered wake-up can achieve ideal ratio of energy consumption and arrival rate within the scope of the buffer as well. However, the tolerable delay can not be guaranteed by any policies. The buffer size is even fixed, which affects the flexibility of demanded delay for different business. The policy considering tolerable delay is supposed to be a little better than the other policy, with a little more complicated design. Thus we design an adaptive policy: detect the load utilization, apply the buffer full triggered wake-up policy for higher load utilization link, while applying the buffer full and timeout triggered wakeup policy for the delay sensitive business and tiny arrival rate.
Efficient Refinement of Dynamic Point Data

Particle simulations as well as geometric modeling techniques have demonstrated their ability to process and render points interactively. However, real-time particle-based fluid simulations suffer from poor rendering quality due to low surface particle resolutions. Surfaces appear blobby, surface details are lost, and features like edges are degraded due to smoothing effects. This paper presents a novel point refinement method for irregularly sampled, dynamic points coming from a particle-based fluid simulation. Our interpolation algorithm can handle complex geometries including splashes, and at the same time preserves features like edges. Point collisions are avoided resulting in a nearly uniform sampling facilitating surface reconstruction techniques. No point preprocessing is necessary, and point neighborhoods are dynamically updated reducing computation and memory costs. We show that our algorithm can efficiently detect and refine the surface points of a fluid and we demonstrate the improvement of rendering quality and applicability to real-time simulations.
An ATUs-based admission selection algorithm in heterogeneous wireless networks

In this study, we propose a novel admission selection algorithm for packet services in LTE/WiMAX integrated heterogeneous wireless networks. Alterable transmission units (ATUs) are applied to improve the performance of non-real-time services. Three-dimensional Markov queuing model is used to analyze system performance. It is observed from simulation that the new algorithm can significantly reduce the blocking rate of non-real-time services and increase resource utilization without affecting real-time services performance.
Vaporized formaldehyde treatment of a textile mill contaminated with Bacillus anthracis.

Contamination with Bacillus anthracis spores is a serious environmental hazard in textile mills where imported raw goat hair is used. While a plant in which haircloth had been produced was being converted for synthetic fiber production, formaldehyde vapor was introduced into the sealed buildings at a final concentration of 1.38 to 1.62 ml/cu ft (18 to 21 mg/liter). Pretreatment rates of surface contamination with anthrax spores were 37% in the initial processing area and 12.5% in the spinning area. Contamination dropped to 8% and 1% immediately after formaldehyde treatment, and to 1% and 0 six months later. Test suspensions of B anthracis spores placed in the plant before it was treated showed 99.998% loss of viability and recovery of all bacterial flora had been reduced tenfold to 100-fold after treatment.