Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Single-atom manipulation mechanisms during a quantum corral construction

(Received 21 January 2003; published 27 May 2003) We describe a complete picture of how single Ag atoms move on the various potential energy landscapes of an Ag(111) surface during a quantum corral construction by using ascanning tunneling microscope (STM) tip at 6 K. The threshold tunneling resistance and tip-height to move the Ag atom across the surface are experimentally measured as 210′19 kΩ and 1.3′0.2 A. The experimental atom manipulation signals reveal remarkably detailed atom movement behaviors dependent on the surface crystallographic orientation and offer atomic-level tribology information.
Regulation of androgen receptor (AR) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) expression in the androgen‐responsive human prostate LNCaP cells by ethanolic extracts of the Chinese herbal preparation, PC‐SPES

As part of the study on the potential use of natural product‐based combination therapy for treating prostate cancer, we have investigated the effects of a “HPLC standardized” herbal preparation, PC‐SPES, on the prostate LNCaP cell line. Proliferation of the LNCaP cells was inhibited by a 4‐6 day incubation with ethanolic extracts of PC‐SPES. Decrease of cell growth was accompanied by a 60‐70 % down‐regulation of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and level of secreted PSA. A smaller and more variable decrease (20‐40%) in the level of intracellular PSA was also observed. The PC‐SPES‐modulated PSA changes occurred concurrently with the decrease of AR expression, based on Western blot analysis and binding to the radioactive ligand [3H]R1881. A 60% decrease in R1881 binding occurred after a 24 h incubation with PC‐SPES. These results suggest that PC‐SPES negatively affects cell growth in part through its ability to modulate changes in PCNA, and may decrease PSA levels indirectly by suppressing AR expression.
General recommendations on immunization --- recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP).

This report is a revision of the General Recommendations on Immunization and updates the 2006 statement by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) (CDC. General recommendations on immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices [ACIP]. MMWR 2006;55[No. RR-15]). The report also includes revised content from previous ACIP recommendations on the following topics: adult vaccination (CDC. Update on adult immunization recommendations of the immunization practices Advisory Committee [ACIP]. MMWR 1991;40[No. RR-12]); the assessment and feedback strategy to increase vaccination rates (CDC. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices: programmatic strategies to increase vaccination rates-assessment and feedback of provider-based vaccination coverage information. MMWR 1996;45:219-20); linkage of vaccination services and those of the Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC program) (CDC. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices: programmatic strategies to increase vaccination coverage by age 2 years-linkage of vaccination and WIC services. MMWR 1996;45:217-8); adolescent immunization (CDC. Immunization of adolescents: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Academy of Family Physicians, and the American Medical Association. MMWR 1996;45[No. RR-13]); and combination vaccines (CDC. Combination vaccines for childhood immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices [ACIP], the American Academy of Pediatrics [AAP], and the American Academy of Family Physicians [AAFP]. MMWR 1999;48[No. RR-5]). Notable revisions to the 2006 recommendations include 1) revisions to the tables of contraindications and precautions to vaccination, as well as a separate table of conditions that are commonly misperceived as contraindications and precautions; 2) reordering of the report content, with vaccine risk-benefit screening, managing adverse reactions, reporting of adverse events, and the vaccine injury compensation program presented immediately after the discussion of contraindications and precautions; 3) stricter criteria for selecting an appropriate storage unit for vaccines; 4) additional guidance for maintaining the cold chain in the event of unavoidable temperature deviations; and 5) updated revisions for vaccination of patients who have received a hematopoietic cell transplant. The most recent ACIP recommendations for each specific vaccine should be consulted for comprehensive details. This report, ACIP recommendations for each vaccine, and additional information about vaccinations are available from CDC at http://www.cdc. gov/vaccines.
Evidence for neutrophil activation in occupational asthma

In order to evaluate the role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of occupational asthma (OA), 15 toluene diisocyanate (TDI)‐asthma and six grain dust‐asthma patients were recruited. Controls were the same number of subjects showing negative bronchoprovocation test (BPT) and six house dust mite‐sensitive asthma. Bronchoscopic biopsy specimens were stained with monoclonal antibodies to mast cell (AA1), eosinophil (EG2), pan T cell (CD3) and neutrophil (NE). Serum neutrophil chemotactic activity (NCA) was measured before and 10–420 min after BPT. Sputum interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were also measured. There was a significant increase of NE+ cells as well as AA1+ and EG2+ cells in grain dust‐ and TDI‐asthma compared with house dust‐sensitive asthma (P < 0.05). Neutrophil+ cells and AA1+ cells showed a significant correlation in TDI‐asthma (r = 0.73, P = 0.02). Serum NCA was significantly increased at 10 min after BPT and decreased at 60 min in subjects with TDI‐asthma. In grain dust‐asthma, serum NCA increased at 30 min and decreased at 240 min after BPT (P < 0.05). Sputum IL‐8 and MPO were significantly increased after BPT in both TDI‐ and grain dust‐asthma (P < 0.05). These findings suggested that neutrophils in the lungs might contribute to bronchoconstriction induced by either TDI or grain dust. The possible involvement of IL‐8 in activation of neutrophils was also suggested.
Nutritional psychiatry: the present state of the evidence

Mental illness, including depression, anxiety and bipolar disorder, accounts for a significant proportion of global disability and poses a substantial social, economic and heath burden. Treatment is presently dominated by pharmacotherapy, such as antidepressants, and psychotherapy, such as cognitive behavioural therapy; however, such treatments avert less than half of the disease burden, suggesting that additional strategies are needed to prevent and treat mental disorders. There are now consistent mechanistic, observational and interventional data to suggest diet quality may be a modifiable risk factor for mental illness. This review provides an overview of the nutritional psychiatry field. It includes a discussion of the neurobiological mechanisms likely modulated by diet, the use of dietary and nutraceutical interventions in mental disorders, and recommendations for further research. Potential biological pathways related to mental disorders include inflammation, oxidative stress, the gut microbiome, epigenetic modifications and neuroplasticity. Consistent epidemiological evidence, particularly for depression, suggests an association between measures of diet quality and mental health, across multiple populations and age groups; these do not appear to be explained by other demographic, lifestyle factors or reverse causality. Our recently published intervention trial provides preliminary clinical evidence that dietary interventions in clinically diagnosed populations are feasible and can provide significant clinical benefit. Furthermore, nutraceuticals including n-3 fatty acids, folate, S-adenosylmethionine, N-acetyl cysteine and probiotics, among others, are promising avenues for future research. Continued research is now required to investigate the efficacy of intervention studies in large cohorts and within clinically relevant populations, particularly in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar and anxiety disorders.
Calibration of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network using aircraft profile data

The Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) produces precise measurements of the column av- erage dry-air mole fractions of CO2, CO, CH4, N2O and H2O at a variety of sites worldwide. These observations rely on spectroscopic parameters that are not known with suffi- cient accuracy to compute total columns that can be used in combination with in situ measurements. The TCCON must therefore be calibrated to World Meteorological Orga- nization (WMO) in situ trace gas measurement scales. We present a calibration of TCCON data using WMO-scale in- strumentation aboard aircraft that measured profiles over four TCCON stations during 2008 and 2009. These calibrations are compared with similar observations made in 2004 and 2006. The results indicate that a single, global calibration factor for each gas accurately captures the TCCON total col- umn data within error.
Heritable Micro-environmental Variance Covaries with Fitness in an Outbred Population of Drosophila serrata

The genetic basis of stochastic variation within a defined environment, and the consequences of such micro-environmental variance for fitness are poorly understood. Using a multigenerational breeding design in Drosophila serrata, we demonstrated that the micro-environmental variance in a set of morphological wing traits in a randomly mating population had significant additive genetic variance in most single wing traits. Although heritability was generally low (<1%), coefficients of additive genetic variance were of a magnitude typical of other morphological traits, indicating that the micro-environmental variance is an evolvable trait. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that the micro-environmental variance in wings was genetically correlated among single traits, indicating that common mechanisms of environmental buffering exist for this functionally related set of traits. In addition, through the dominance genetic covariance between the major axes of micro-environmental variance and fitness, we demonstrated that micro-environmental variance shares a genetic basis with fitness, and that the pattern of selection is suggestive of variance-reducing selection acting on micro-environmental variance.
The 'CC.Ar.GG' box. A protein-binding site common to transcription-regulatory regions of the cardiac actin, c-fos and interleukin-2 receptor genes.

We have previously suggested that a repeated sequence motif in the upstream region of the human cardiac actin gene 'CC.Ar. GG', where Ar is an (A + T)-rich six-base-pair-sequence, may be important in the muscle-specific expression of this gene [Minty, A. & Kedes, L. (1986) Mol. Cell Biol. 6, 2125-2136]. Here we show that this sequence binds a nuclear protein, and that binding is abolished by mutating either the CC and GG dinucleotides or the (A + T)-rich centre. Mutation of the CC and GG nucleotides also abolishes the transcription-stimulating activity of this sequence on the cardiac actin promoter. A similar sequence has been implicated in the serum-response of the c-fos gene [Treisman, R. (1986) Cell 46, 567-574]. We show that this c-fos 'CC.Ar. GG' sequence competes with the cardiac actin sequence for factor binding. Our results suggest that the minimum sequence requirements for binding of the serum response factor may correspond to the 'CC.Ar. GG' box sequence. Using this criterion, we predict and confirm the existence of such a binding site in a regulatory region of the interleukin-2 receptor gene. It appears therefore that interactions between 'CC.Ar. GG' boxes and similar proteic factors could be involved in the control of different genes responding to different stimuli, e.g. muscle differentiation (cardiac actin gene) or growth stimulation (c-fos, cytoskeletal actin or interleukin-2 receptor genes).
Increased p27, an essential component of cell cycle control, in Alzheimer's disease

A number of recent findings have demonstrated re‐expression of cell cycle‐related proteins in vulnerable neurones in Alzheimer's disease. We hypothesize that this attempt by neurones to re‐enter mitosis is a response to external growth stimuli that leads to an abortive re‐entry into the cell cycle and, ultimately, neuronal degeneration. In this study, to further delineate the role of mitotic processes in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, we investigated p27, a cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor that plays a negatively regulatory role in cell cycle progression that, once phosphorylated at Thr187, is degraded via an ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway. Here we report that both p27 and phosphorylated p27 (Thr187) show increases in the cytoplasm of vulnerable neuronal populations in Alzheimer's disease vs. age‐matched control subjects. Importantly, phosphorylated p27 (Thr187) shows considerable overlap with tau‐positive neurofibrillary pathology, including neurofibrillary tangles, dystrophic neurites and neuropil threads. The findings presented here suggest that dysregulation of the cell cycle plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease that may provide a novel mechanistic basis for therapeutic intervention.
MECHANISMS BY WHICH INTRARENAL DOPAMINE AND ANP INTERACT TO REGULATE SODIUM METABOLISM

Maintenance of a normal blood pressure requires a precise and fine-tuned regulation of salt metabolism. This is accomplished by a bidirectional regulation of renal tubular sodium transporters by natriuretic and antinatriuretic hormones. Dopamine, produced in the renal proximal tubular cells, plays an important role in this interactive system. Dopamine inhibits the activity of Na+,K+ATPase as well as of many important sodium influx pathways in the nephron. These effects of dopamine are particularly pronounced in situation of sodium loading. There is an abundance of evidence suggesting that the natriuretic effects of ANP are to a large extent mediated via renal dopamine 1 like receptors. The renal tubular dopamine 1 like receptors are, under basal conditions, mainly located intracellularly. ANP and its second messenger, cGMP, cause a rapid translocation of the dopamine 1 like receptors to the plasma membrane. This phenomenon may explain how ANP and dopamine act in concert to regulate sodium metabolism. Regulation of sodium metabolism and blood pressure is critically dependent on a normal function of the renal dopamine system. Hence, abnormalities in the interaction between dopamine and ANP may predispose to hypertension.
Intramedullary Screw Fixation of Proximal Fifth Metatarsal Fractures: A Biomechanical Study

Intramedullary screw fixation is a popular technique for treatment of proximal fifth metatarsal fractures. The purpose of this study was to compare the fixation rigidity of a 5.5 mm partially threaded cannulated titanium screw, with presumed superior endosteal purchase, to a similar 4.5 mm screw. Acute fifth metatarsal fractures were simulated in cadavers, stabilized with intramedullary screws, and loaded to failure in three-point bending. The initial failure loads for the metatarsals fixed with 4.5 mm and 5.5 mm screws were not significantly different (332.4 N vs. 335.2 N, respectively), nor were the ultimate failure loads (849.8 N vs. 702.2 N, respectively). Based upon our results, maximizing screw diameter does not appear to be critical for fixation rigidity and may increase the risk of intraoperative or postoperative fracture.
Financial Analysis of a Pico-Cellular Home Network Deployment

The increasing demand for higher data rates in cellular networks has resulted in a trend to smaller cell sizes (femto cells) and pico-cellular hot spot coverage. In this paper the financial impact of pico-cellular home base station deployment in a macro-cellular network is explored. For increasing data rates, it becomes evident that current macro-cellular network deployment becomes less economically viable. It is shown that in urban areas a combination of publicly accessible home base stations, randomly deployed by the end user, and macro-cells for area coverage, deployed by an operator, can result in significant reductions (up to 70% in the investigated scenario) of the total annual network costs compared to a pure macro-cellular network.
Impact of planning uncertainties in power plant operation planning

Due to the implementation of new markets, i.e. intraday markets as well as the markets for reserve, a higher number of planning uncertainties has to be considered within the operation planning of power plants. Besides outages of thermal power plants and prices at day-ahead wholesale markets, the prices at the intraday market and the market for minute reserve as well as the requested amount of reserve energy by the transmission system operator are not known at the point of time when the operation planning is carried out. Thus, prognoses for these values have to be made. For a better integration of the stochastic characteristics of these values into the planning process, different possible realizations of the uncertain input data in form of scenarios should be modeled instead of a single consideration of estimated values. Within this paper, a stochastic optimization method is described, which adequately integrates the stochastic characteristics of the relevant input parameters into the operation planning process, resulting in distribution functions of typical output values like the contribution margin.
FLAME: simulating large populations of agents on parallel hardware architectures

High performance computing is essential for simulating complex problems using agent-based modelling (ABM). Researchers are hindered by complexities of porting models on parallel platforms and time taken to run large simulations on a single machine. This paper presents FLAME framework, the only supercomputing framework which automatically produces parallelisable code to execute on different parallel hardware architectures. FLAME's inherent parallelism allows large number of agents to be simulated in less time than comparable simulation frameworks. The framework also handles the parallelisation of model code allowing modellers to run simulations on number of supported architectures. The framework has been well tested in various disciplines like biology and economics projects yielding successful research results like project EURACE, where the European economy was modelled using agents. More recently FLAME has been ported to consumer NVIDIA Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) allowing parallel performance equal to that of grid architectures with the ability to perform real time visualisation.
MINNESOTA OFFICE OF THE LEGISL ATIVE AUDITOR Nursing Home Rates in the Upper Midwest

As our nation’s population ages, an increasing number of Americans will need some type of long-term care services. While more attention is being focused on the development of alternatives to nursing home care, most public and private spending still pays for institutional care in nursing homes. Minnesota spent over $800 million in Medicaid funds on nursing homes in 1995; the federal government financed 54 percent of this spending. According to federal data, Minnesota’s average Medicaid nursing home reimbursement rate of $92.24 per day in 1994 ranked 13th among the states and was higher than any surrounding state.1 For these reasons, policy makers have shown growing concern about the cost of nursing home services.
Astrocytes enhance lipopolysaccharide‐induced nitric oxide production by microglial cells

Several stimuli result in glial activation and induce nitric oxide (NO) production in microglial and astroglial cells. The bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been widely used to achieve glial activation in vitro, and several studies show that both microglial and, to a lesser extent, astroglial cell cultures produce NO after LPS treatment. However, NO production in endotoxin‐treated astrocyte cultures is controversial. We characterized NO production in microglial, astroglial and mixed glial cell cultures treated with lipopolysaccharide, measured as nitrite accumulation in the culture media. We also identified the NO‐producing cells by immunocytochemistry, using specific markers for the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) isoform, microglial and astroglial cells. Only microglial cells showed iNOS immunoreactivity. Thus, contaminating microglial cells were responsible for NO production in the secondary astrocyte cultures. We then analysed the effect of astrocytes on NO production by microglial cells using microglial–astroglial cocultures, and we observed that this production was clearly enhanced in the presence of astroglial cells. Soluble factors released by astrocytes did not appear to be directly responsible for such an effect, whereas nonsoluble factors present in the cell membrane of LPS‐treated astrocytes could account, at least in part, for this enhancement.
Psychotropic drug prescription in Nigeria

ABSTRACT– – A study of prescribing practice in three psychiatric institutions in Nigeria revealed high frequency of polypharmacy, liberal routine use of antiparkinsonian agents and daily multiple administration of drugs. In the treatment of depression and schizophrenia older and better known oral neuroleptics were preferred to newer ones, but there was apparent tendency for depressives to be under‐treated and long‐acting depot preparations were seldom administered to schizophrenics. Several aspects of drug use were similar to those observed elsewhere, particularly in the Anglo‐American practice – an observation presumed explicable in terms of common psychiatry training background. The need for clinicians to comply with accept‐able pharmacokinetic principles of drug treatment is stressed.
Vowel amplitude modulations in patients with laryngeal diseases.

The amplitudes of sustained vowels were measured at the dominant amplitude peak of each fundamental period of the acoustic signal picked up by a microphone coupled to the pretracheal skin. Serial correlation coefficients were computed and correlograms were made for each sample to investigate the periodicity in the modulation of the amplitude. Three groups of subjects were studied: 15 cases with laryngeal neoplasms, six cases with unilateral laryngeal paralysis, and 20 normal subjects as a control group. In each group of subjects, a high correlation was often found between the consecutive dominant amplitude peaks. The correlograms for patients with laryngeal neoplasms often displayed strong periodicities with periods of three to 12 fundamental periods, while for the paralysis cases no evidence of periodic modulations in the same range was found. The results seem to indicate that amplitude information may be useful for the development of an objective measure to evaluate laryngeal dysfunction and to detect s.