Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supplementary material to "Nighttime and Daytime Dark Oxidation Chemistry in Wildfire Plumes: An Observation and Model Analysis of FIREX-AQ Aircraft Data"

Abstract. Wildfires are increasing in size across the western U.S., leading to increases in human smoke exposure and associated negative health impacts. The impact of biomass burning (BB) smoke, including wildfires, on regional air quality depends on emissions, transport, and chemistry, including oxidation of emitted BB volatile organic compounds (BBVOCs) by the hydroxyl radical (OH), nitrate radical (NO3), and ozone (O3). During the daytime, when light penetrates the plumes, BBVOCs are oxidized mainly by O3 and OH. In contrast, at night, or in optically dense plumes, BBVOCs are oxidized mainly by O3 and NO3. This work focuses on the transition between daytime and nighttime oxidation, which has significant implications for the formation of secondary pollutants and loss of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2), and has been understudied. We present wildfire plume observations made during FIREX-AQ (Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality), a field campaign involving multiple aircraft, ground, satellite, and mobile platforms that took place in the United States in the summer of 2019 to study both wildfire and agricultural burning emissions and atmospheric chemistry. We use observations from two research aircraft, the NASA DC-8 and the NOAA Twin Otter, with a detailed chemical box model, including updated phenolic mechanisms, to analyze smoke sampled during mid-day, sunset, and nighttime. Aircraft observations suggest a range of NO3 production rates (0.1–1.5 ppbv h−1) in plumes transported both mid-day and after dark. Modeled initial instantaneous reactivity toward BBVOCs for NO3, OH, and O3 is 80.1 %, 87.7 %, 99.6 %, respectively. Initial NO3 reactivity is 10–104 times greater than typical values in forested or urban environments and reactions with BBVOCs account for ≥ 98 % of NO3 loss in sunlit plumes (jNO2 up to 4 x 10–3 s–1), while conventional photochemical NO3 loss through reaction with NO and photolysis are minor pathways. Alkenes and furans are mostly oxidized by OH and O3 (11–43 %, 54–88 % for alkenes; 18–55 %, 39–76 %, for furans, respectively), but phenolic oxidation is split between NO3, O3, and OH (26–52 %, 22–43 %, 16–33 %, respectively). Nitrate radical oxidation accounts for 26–52 % of phenolic chemical loss in sunset plumes and in an optically thick plume. Nitrocatechol yields varied between 33 % and 45 %, and NO3 chemistry in BB plumes emitted late in the day is responsible for 72–92 % (84 % in an optically thick mid-day plume) of nitrocatechol formation and controls nitrophenolic formation overall. As a result, overnight nitrophenolic formation pathways account for 56 ± 2 % of NOx loss by sunrise the following day. In all but one overnight plume we model, there is remaining NOx (13 %–57 %) and BBVOCs (8 %–72 %) at sunrise.
Stochastic admissibility analysis of singular Markovian jump systems via improved techniques

This paper studies the problem of the stochastic admissibility for singular Markovian jump systems with time-varying delay. By introducing two exponential parameters, a new version of reciprocally convex inequality named exponential type reciprocally convex inequality is proposed, which covers some existing results as its special cases. Based on the second-order B-L inequality, a novel delay-product-type functional is proposed to fully capture the information among system states and time-varying delay. Based on the two improved techniques, a less conservative admissibility condition is obtained in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Two examples are introduced to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed result.
High‐directive monopulse microstrip antenna array for DSRC‐band application

In this paper, the authors presented a new technique to generate difference (Δ)‐pattern in microstrip patch antenna array for monopulse applications. In array, the truncated corner single elements are left‐handed and right‐handed circularly polarized. The Δ‐pattern is generated by placing the left‐ and right‐polarized single elements in same direction along y‐axis. The circuit model analysis of a single element and array is presented to analyze the antenna's performance. In order to achieve a lower sidelobe level and stable radiation pattern, a uniform power divider has been designed. Finally, the proposed left‐ and right‐polarized element and array are fabricated and measured. The proposed circularly polarized (CP) elements and array resonates at 5.90 GHz. The array provides null depth of more than −42 dB at θ=0∘ direction in different ϕ cuts. The proposed array has a linear gain of 8.71 dBi and radiation efficiency of 77.25%. Furthermore, the simulated and measured results are well matched, which shows the effectiveness of the proposed way to generate the difference pattern for monopulse application.
Multilevel Feature Fusion Networks With Adaptive Channel Dimensionality Reduction for Remote Sensing Scene Classification

Scene classification in very high-resolution (VHR) remote sensing (RS) images is a challenging task due to the complex and diverse content of the images. Recently, convolution neural networks (CNNs) have been utilized to tackle this task. However, CNNs cannot fully meet the needs of scene classification due to clutters and small objects in VHR images. To handle these challenges, this letter presents a novel multilevel feature fusion (MLFF) network with adaptive channel dimensionality reduction for RS scene classification. Specifically, an adaptive method is designed for channel dimensionality reduction of high-dimensional features. Then, an MLFF module is introduced to fuse the features in an efficient way. Experiments on three widely used data sets show that our model outperforms several state-of-the-art methods in terms of both accuracy and stability.
Absorption, fluorescence and resonance Rayleigh scattering spectral characteristics of interaction of gold nanoparticle with safranine T

The interaction between gold nanoparticle and safranine T (ST) has been studied with resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) spectra, absorption and fluorescence spectra. In the pH 5 solution, citrate [(H2L)2−] self-assembles on the surface of positively-charged gold nanoparticle, which results in the [(Au) n (H2L) m ] x− complex. In other words, one of carboxylate oxygens in (H2L)2− moves inward and combines with gold nanoparticle. The other carboxylate oxygens moves outward to form a supermolecular complex anion with x negative charges. Then by virtue of electrostatic attraction, hydrophobic force and charge transfer action, the complex anion binds with ST cation to form a new ion-association complex. Here (H2L)2- acts as a bridge. The formation of the complex results in the significant enhancement of RRS intensity, the appearance of new RRS spectrum, the red shift of plasma absorption band of gold nanoparticle as well as the decrease in the absorbance and fluorescence quenching for safranine T. In this work, the interaction between gold nanoparticle and ST on the RRS, absorption and fluorescence spectra has been investigated. The reason why RRS intensity increases greatly and the reaction mechanism have been inquired. The results show that RRS spectra can not only be used to study nanoparticle and reaction product, but also are a sensitive means to characterize and detect nanoparticles.
Acute Myocradial Infarction, Primary Percutanious Coronary Intervention (PCI) in an Anticoagulated Patient for Mitalic Mitral Valve Replacement (MVR)

Valvular heart diseases and atrial fibrillation are ones of the most common indications for oral anticoagulation, in the same time they are known risk factors for coronary artery disease and presentation of acute coronary syndrome, which may need urgent management by primary percutaneous intervention. Acute myocardial infarction is commonly seen in these patients with suboptimal anticoagulation, but it is almost seldomly seen when anticoagulation is in therapeutic range. This is the first case reporting an acute myocardial infarction (MI) in a patient post mitral valve replacement (MVR) and high International Normalization Ratio (INR), which has not been reported before.
Unified Theoretical Framework for Realizing Diverse Regimes of Strong Coupling between Plasmons and Electronic Transitions

Strong coupling between light and quantum mechanical transitions historically observed in atomic optics is now being realized in the solid state using plasmon resonances. Recent experiments on hybrid plasmonic/excitonic systems have reported varied observations such as excitonic splitting, asymmetric line shapes, and dips in scattering spectra. Here, we unite these seemingly disparate empirical observations under a single theoretical framework, illustrating that the same generalized hybrid system allows access to diverse forms of coupling between plasmons and molecular transitions. Simply by modifying the damping rate of the plasmon resonance, it is possible to transition from one regime of coupling to another (e.g., from Rabi splitting to Fano interference). Common experimental handles such as size, shape, and nature of the metal can be varied to tune the regime of coupling, as shown by electrodynamic simulations. We also show that strong coupling can be achieved using simple nanostructure configurations.
Studies on the growth rate and nutrient absorption of onion

This paper reports the development and nutrient absorption of plants of the onion cultivar Southport White Globe, growing in the field. Growth curves for leaf number, plant height, plant fresh and dry weight, and per cent dry matter are presented. The onion plants produced more than 64 per cent of their fresh weight and more than 72 per cent of their dry weight during the period of bulbing to harvest. Approximately 28 per cent of the fresh weight and 36 per cent of the dry weight of the plants were produced after tips of the leaves dried and tops had begun to collapse. Chemical analyses of the plants showed that total N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Na tended to decrease during plant growth. At harvest, total N and P were higher in the bulb than in the whole plant; K, Ca, Mg, and Na were lower. Nutrient uptake curves of two crops are presented. Maximum rate of growth during bulbing was accompanied by maximum rate of nutrient uptake. At harvest the crops had removed, in pounds per acre, averages of: N, 143; P, 23; K, 113; Ca, 87; Mg, 13; and Na, 10.
LABORATORY DETERMINATION OF WATER AND PESTICIDE PARTITIONING1

Laboratory studies provide the best opportunity for studying water and pesticide partitioning for a range of soil conditions while maintaining reproducible conditions. We developed and evaluated a laboratory technique for determining pesticide partitioning among infiltration, runoff, and sediment. Simulated rainfall (44 mm h -1 ) was applied to a sandy clay loam 14 days after pesticide (atrazine, chlorpyrifos, and 2,4-D) application. The laboratory technique provided controlled test conditions and reproducible results on the partitioning of rainfall, runoff, and pesticides at the soil surface and on sediment and pesticide transport. Average atrazine and chlorpyrifos half-life (t 1/2 ) values determined from corresponding concentrations in the 0- to 1-cm soil layer were approximately 30 and 10 d. Atrazine, chlorpyrifos, and 2,4-D concentrations remaining in the 0- to 1-cm surface layer decreased logarithmically with rainfall duration. Atrazine and 2,4-D concentrations in the 0- to 1-cm layer were correlated positively with those associated with splash (S), runoff (R), and sediment yield (E) (R 2 = 0.69 to 0.99). Relationships for all pesticide concentrations in the 0- to 1-cm layer and infiltration (INF) were correlated negatively. Relatively poor correlations (R 2 = 0.10-0.63) were found between chlorpyrifos losses and corresponding concentrations in the surface layer even though positive correlations were found between R and E (R 2 = 0.91) and E and S, (R 2 = 0.77). Measured effective partitioning coefficients (K deff ) increased gradually for each event, and were at least 31 times greater than reported K d values for atrazine, chlorpyrifos, and 2,4-D. The methodologies and experimental design described provide a means of evaluating how changes in pesticide concentrations in the surface layer are influenced by soil, rainfall, and pesticide characteristics, which will enhance the development of process-based models to predict pesticide fate and transport for event-based storms.
Sub-arcsecond imaging with the International LOFAR Telescope. I. Foundational calibration strategy and pipeline

[abridged] The International LOFAR Telescope is an interferometer with stations spread across Europe. With baselines of up to ~2,000 km, LOFAR has the unique capability of achieving sub-arcsecond resolution at frequencies below 200 MHz, although this is technically and logistically challenging. Here we present a calibration strategy that builds on previous high-resolution work with LOFAR. We give an overview of the calibration strategy and discuss the special challenges inherent to enacting high-resolution imaging with LOFAR, and describe the pipeline, which is publicly available, in detail. We demonstrate the calibration strategy by using the pipeline on P205+55, a typical LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) pointing. We perform in-field delay calibration, solution referencing to other calibrators, self-calibration, and imaging of example directions of interest in the field. For this specific field and these ionospheric conditions, dispersive delay solutions can be transferred between calibrators up to ~1.5 degrees away, while phase solution transferral works well over 1 degree. We demonstrate a check of the astrometry and flux density scale. Imaging in 17 directions, the restoring beam is typically 0.3"x 0.2"although this varies slightly over the entire 5 square degree field of view. We achieve ~80 to 300 $\mu$Jy/bm image rms noise, which is dependent on the distance from the phase centre; typical values are ~90 $\mu$Jy/bm for the 8 hour observation with 48 MHz of bandwidth. Seventy percent of processed sources are detected, and from this we estimate that we should be able to image ~900 sources per LoTSS pointing. This equates to ~3 million sources in the northern sky, which LoTSS will entirely cover in the next several years. Future optimisation of the calibration strategy for efficient post-processing of LoTSS at high resolution (LoTSS-HR) makes this estimate a lower limit.
Improving understanding of addition and subtraction concept in first grader through utilization of flipped classroom

This class action research was conducted to see the effectiveness of the flipped classroom method on improving the concept of addition and subtraction. Flipped classroom method was chosen because it is in accordance with the current development of digital learning media that utilizes technology in learning. Flipped classroom performed by providing learning videos that can be viewed online by students at home then followed by problem solving activities through discussion activities in class with mentoring provided by the teacher. Based on this study an increase of 28.6% was obtained so that 83.3% of 42 students scored more than the minimum competencies criteria. The implications of this research can be utilized in other mathematical learning concepts.
New technology in Museums: AR and VR video games are coming

Museums have gone through a modernization process which has seen the adoption of new technologies in what they offer visitors. Within the framework of the new critical museology, these organizations have been transformed into places of encounter and experience, the key tools in this change being socialization and play. Gamification are now intrinsic to collections and are a way of inviting visitors to share new museum experiences through the latest technology such as AR (Augmented Reality) and VR (Virtual Reality). In this way, the museum becomes a playground and a space for creativity (Borja-Villel et al., 2014). In this research, we focus on what we consider to be an important link between the three central aspects of museum change: sociability, gamificaction and virtualization; and the growing interest in museums for videogames. Our aim is to reach a better understanding of the AR and VR video games developed for museums and how these technologies can not only motivate visitors’ interest but also improve their learning skills. Our analysis focuses of literature published between 2015 to 2018 and follows the analytic structure established by Connolly et al. (2012) with additional features related to learning experience, platforms, and the use of technologies (VR and AR). The general aim is to map the interest of the research community in the field of museum-developed video games, more specifically those that use augmented and virtual
Using shrinkage for data-driven automated valuation model specification – a case study from Berlin

ABSTRACT We study whether data-driven AVM specification that combines a flexible-yet-simple regression model with shrinkage estimators considerably improves upon the prediction accuracy of a conventional hedonic model. A rolling window prediction comparison based on all condominium sales in Berlin, Germany, between 1996 and 2013 delivered the following results. The highly parameterised model can result in extreme errors if the flexible model, which employs roughly 3,800 variables, is estimated by OLS and even if shrinkage is applied via Ridge regression. Once the most extreme errors are disregarded, Ridge regression appears as the clear winner of the prediction comparison. It is the only procedure that delivers a considerable reduction in the root mean squared prediction error relative to a parsimonious benchmark model (estimated via OLS). Of the two procedures with variable selection capability, Elastic Net delivers a slightly better prediction performance. Lasso, on the other hand, acts considerably more as a selector and typically sets the bulk of the several thousand coefficients to zero. Both procedures largely agree in terms of which characteristics they frequently select: core characteristics of hedonic pricing such as floor space, building age and location dummies.
Interference Due to Heterophilic Antibody, Biotin and Thyroid Hormone Autoantibody

jiajia ni Shandong Provincial Hospital long yu Shandong Provincial Hospital jingyi li Shandong Provincial Hospital li zhang Shandong Provincial Hospital qingqing yang First A liated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College chunjia kou Shandong Provincial Hospital shuqi li Shandong Provincial Hospital guoyu tian Shandong Provincial Hospital yuyao wang Shandong Provincial Hospital xueying liu Shandong Provincial Hospital huizhi zhou Shandong Provincial Hospital haiqing zhang (  zhanghq@sdu.edu.cn ) Shandong Provincial Hospital https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4396-4793
Cracking the box or stretching its walls? Exploiting institutional plasticity in Iranian creative advertising

Through a nine-month ethnography in an advertising agency in Iran, a deeply conservative society, we explore the microprocesses through which actors search for and exploit areas of institutional plasticity toward incremental change. Given the infeasibility of more significant change in a highly institutionalized arrangement, actors in these settings are likely to seek out institutions characterized by the highest degree of plasticity. Yet, extant institutional research has not yet addressed the question of how they may go about doing so, which is what we seek to do in this article. By studying how celebrity endorsement became more normative in the field of advertising despite initial resistance from Iranian government regulators, we make four contributions to institutional literature. First, we demonstrate how institutional plasticity can serve as an antecedent to incremental institutional change in highly institutionalized contexts. Second, we trace the source of institutional plasticity to a misalignment between institutional pillars. Third, we identify the tactics and strategies that challengers use in the process of sensing institutional plasticity and stretching institutional boundaries. Finally, we shed light on the use of material and discursive resources across different stages of negotiations over incremental movements in the boundaries of normativity within a highly institutionalized setting.
Utilization of Gene Expression Programming for Modeling of Mechanical Performance of Titanium/Carbonated Hydroxyapatite Nanobiocomposites: The Combination of Artificial Intelligence and Material Science

Titanium carbonated hydroxyapatite (Ti/CHA) nanobiocomposites have extensive biological applications due to the excellent biocompatibility and similar characteristics to the bone. Ti/CHA nanobiocomposite has good biological properties but it suffer from diverse characteristics especially in the hardness, Young's modulus, apparent porosity and relative density. This investigation is an attempt to propose the predictive models using gene expression programming (GEP) for the estimation of these characteristics. In this regards, GEP is used to model and compare the effect of practical variables including compact pressure, Ti/CHA ratio and sintering temperature on their investigated properties. To achieve this goal, 90 different reliable experiments were considered to create the GEP models. Selected data set were divided randomly into 63 training sets and 27 testing sets. Finally, 5 of the best models reported for each different output. Sensitivity analyses are done to determine and rank the practical parameters on each investigated properties and revealed that wt. % Ti, wt. % CHA, Compaction pressure (MPa) and Temperature (ᵒC), respectively are the most effective parameters on hardness, Young's modulus, shear modulus, apparent porosity and relative density. By comparing the results, a very good agreement was observed between the experimentals and the results obtained from GEP model.
CHAF1A–PCNA interaction promotes cervical cancer progression via the PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 signaling pathway

Background An increasing number of studies demonstrate that histone chaperones play critical roles in tumorigenesis and development. In previous research, we confirmed that CHAF1A was highly expressed in cervical cancer (CC) and was correlated with poor prognosis. However, the biological function and specific mechanism of CHAF1A in the development of CC have not been reported. Methods CHAF1A knockdown in SiHa and HeLa.cells by lentivirus vector is verified by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis.CCK-8, flow cytometry assays, colony formation, cell migration assay and real-time cell analysis assay were performed to determine the cellular function of CHAF1A in CC.Tumor xenograft assay was conducted on nude mice to assess the effect of CHAF1A in vivo. Cell immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation were applied to examine the interaction between CHAF1A and PCNA. Results We found that CHAF1A knockdown in SiHa and HeLa cell lines inhibited proliferation and promotedits apoptosis. Further research indicated that CHAF1A promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis in CC by activating the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathway. Moreover, CHAF1A directly interacts with PCNA and co-promotes CC progression. Conclusions The discovery of the mechanism of action of CHAF1A in CC may provide a new direction for the treatment of CC.
Oxidation of Silicon: How to deal with a Kinetic Monte Carlo Approach

A Kinetic Monte Carlo procedure dealing with the growth of the Si/SiO2 interface is presented. We show how this general procedure, usually dedicated to well defined epitaxial growth processes can be used for an oxide material exhibiting a complex chemistry and producing highly defective layers. In particular, we discuss the balance that has to be found to monitor diffusion mechanisms with regard to slower events such as reaction mechanisms occurring at the surface/interface. Finally we detail the growth and structuring of the first interface layers as a function of the process and chemical parameters.