Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anaesthetic Considerations in Castleman's Disease

Castleman's disease is a lymphoreticular disorder, often localized and clinically silent. Systemic manifestations may occur. Castleman's disease may be associated with pathologies such as POEMS syndrome (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes), AIDS, amyloidosis, pemphigus vulgaris, and other types of cancer such as lymphoma and Kaposi's sarcoma. Careful preoperative evaluation is required to determine whether associated mediastinal or spinal canal masses or haematological disorders are present. The significance of these pathologies for anaesthetic management is discussed. We present the case of a 27-year-old female patient with Castleman's disease (hyaline-vascular variant) requiring vaginal reconstruction due to recurrent sores and synechiae.
CA19‐9 as a Screening and Diagnostic Tool in Symptomatic Patients: The Japanese Experience

Although the prognosis for pancreatic cancer is generally poor, the Japanese Pancreatic Cancer Register reported in 1992 that the survival rate for resected pancreatic cancer was much higher than that for more conservative treatment. T1 and T2 pancreatic tumors are much more frequently resectable than are T3 and T4 tumors, and the 5-year survival rate for unresected T2, T3, and T4 cases is 0%. These findings emphasize the importance of early diagnosis of resectable pancreatic cancer. CA19-9 has shown satisfactory sensitivity in detecting advanced pancreatic cancer; we sought to determine the effectiveness of CA19-9 as part of a screening program for early cancer. Using elastase 1, CA19-9, and ultrasonography, we developed and tested a program of mass screening on persons presenting with and without abdominal complaints.
The Performance Stability of Defect Prediction Models with Class Imbalance: An Empirical Study

SUMMARY Class imbalance has drawn much attention of researchers in software defect prediction. In practice, the performance of defect prediction models may be a ﬀ ected by the class imbalance problem. In this paper, we present an approach to evaluating the performance stability of defect prediction models on imbalanced datasets. First, random sampling is applied to convert the original imbalanced dataset into a set of new datasets with di ﬀ erent levels of imbalance ratio. Second, typical prediction models are selected to make predictions on these new constructed datasets, and Coe ﬃ cient of Variation ( C · V ) is used to evaluate the performance stability of di ﬀ erent models. Finally, an empirical study is designed to evaluate the performance stability of six prediction models, which are widely used in software defect prediction. The results show that the performance of C4.5 is unstable on imbalanced datasets, and the performance of Naive Bayes and Random Forest are more stable than other models.
Detection of feline herpesvirus 1 DNA in corneas of cats with eosinophilic keratitis or corneal sequestration.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1) DNA is in the corneas of clinically normal cats and cats with eosinophilic keratitis or corneal sequestration. SAMPLE POPULATION Corneal biopsy specimens obtained from cats referred for treatment of corneal sequestration or eosinophilic keratitis. PROCEDURE Corneal scraping or keratectomy specimens collected from clinically normal cats, cats with eosinophilic keratitis, and cats with corneal sequestration were evaluated for FHV-1 DNA by use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). DNA was extracted from the tissue, and 1 microgram was assayed for FHV-1 by use of a single-round (40 cycles) PCR assay with primers directed at a 322-bp region of the thymidine kinase gene. Polymerase chain reaction positivity for clinically normal and affected cats of various breeds was compared by chi 2 analysis at alpha = 0.05. RESULTS The FHV-1 DNA was detected in 5.9% (1/17) of corneas from clinically normal cats, in 55.1% (86/156) of corneal sequestra, and in 76.3% (45/59) of scraping specimens from cats with eosinophilic keratitis. Prevalence was significantly (P < 0.001) greater for cats with corneal sequestration or eosinophilic keratitis than for clinically normal cats. For cats with corneal sequestration, prevalence of FHV-1 DNA was significantly lower in Persian and Himalayan, compared with domestic shorthair and longhair breeds. CONCLUSION Data strongly imply involvement of FHV-1 in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic keratitis and corneal sequestration. In Persian and Himalayan breeds, however, other nonviral factors also appear to be involved. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Feline herpesvirus 1 must be considered when treating cats with corneal sequestration or eosinophilic keratitis.
Virtual Phase Shifter Array and Its Application on Ku Band Mobile Satellite Reception

A virtual phase shifter-based phased array is introduced, fabricated, and measured. Compared to the traditional analog phase shifter mechanism, the proposed virtual phase shifter has very precise phase shifting steps (14 bits over 360°) and the constant insertion loss over all phase states. To verify the concepts, a 256 (16 × 16)-element planar rectangular grid phased array is built at Ku band for mobile satellite reception. Eleven decibel carrier to noise ratio (C/N) is obtained when the phased array was in its tracking state. System architecture, phased array element design, calibration procedure, and beam tracking methods are also presented in this paper.
The role of nutrition in AIDS management completes rite of passage.

Presentations at the First International Conference on Nutrition and HIV Infection, held in April in Cannes, France, documented the positive role that objective multifactional nutritional support can have in managing disease complications. Overall, consensus was that the current system for accurate clinical evaluation of nutritional status, to the extent that it can serve as a basis for nutritional intervention that is relevant to patient outcome, lacks significant data and methods that are applicable to the HIV-positive population. However, nutritional intervention can have positive outcomes that are meaningful to the patient in terms of improved quality of life, and can be accomplished economically.
The oxidation of malate by isolated plant mitochondria.

The functional relationship between NAD+-linked oxidations of L-malate and the operation of the exogenous and endogenous NADH dehydrogenases of isolated plant mitochondria have been investigated. 1 Mitochondria isolated from tubers of the Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) oxidised L-malate via an electron transport pathway which was inhibited by rotenone, piericidin A and added oxaloacetate. Phosphorylation linked to this pathway yielded an APD/O ratio of approx. 3. 2 In the presence of rotenone, piericidin A or added oxaloacetate, malate was oxidised by a pathway which was dependent on the presence of added NAD+ and low levels of Ca2+. Phosphorylation linked to this oxidation had an ADP/O ratio of approx. 2. 3 Oxidation of malate via the rotenone-sensitive pathway was inhibited by 2-n-butylmalonate whereas oxidation via the rotenone-insensitive pathway was unaffected by this compound. 4 By following the reduction of ferricyanide by malate in intact mitochondria, it was possible to identify two separate malate: NAD oxidoreductases: one located outside the inner membrane permeability barrier, the other inside this barrier. 5 Oxaloacetate was the primary product when malate was oxidised by the enzyme in the inner compartment which was therefore identified as L-malate: NAD oxidoreductase whereas pyruvate was the primary product of malate oxidation by the enzyme in the outer compartment, which was identified as L-malate : NAD oxidoreductase (decarboxylating) or malic enzyme. 6 The malic enzyme was extracted and partially purified from isolated mitochondria. The isolated enzyme showed a requirement for Mn2+ or Mg2+, required NAD+ as coenzyme, although activity to a lesser extent was obtained with NADP+. and was inhibited by NADH. 7 It was concluded that in intact plant mitochondria there were two pathways by which malate can be oxidised: in the inner compartment via malate dehydrogenase in association with the endogenous NADH dehydrogenase system and in the intermembrane compartment via NAD+-linked malic enzyme associated with the exogenous NADH dehydrogenase system. The implications these findings are discussed. L-Malate is poorly oxidised by malate dehydrogenase in animal mitochondria unless the oxaloacetate formed as a product is removed, by either transamination with glutamate or by condensation with acetyl-CoA [1–3]. In contrast isolated plant mitochondria will rapidly oxidise malate in the absence of added oxaloacetate-removing agents [4–7]. The formation of some pyruvate during the oxidation of malate has been observed in avocado fruit mitochondria [9] and apple peel mitochondria [10] and increased rates of malate oxidation have been reported in the presence of CoA and thiamine pyrophosphate [8–9], suggesting that pyruvate gave rise to acetyl-CoA which could remove the oxaloacetate formed. Recently it was shown that in cauliflower bud mitochondria, pyruvate was a direct product of malate oxidation by a NAD+-requiring malic enzyme, which showed a dependence on added NAD+ and was linked to the electron transport chain [11].
Effect of High vs. Low Arterial Blood Oxygen Content on Cerebral: Energy Metabolite Levels during Hypoxia with Normothermia and Hypothermia in the Rat

The effects of different levels of arterial blood oxygen content (CaO2) on brain tissue adenosine triphosphate (ATP), phosphocreatine (PCr), lactate, and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) were studied during cerebral hypoxia in normothermic and hypothermic male Wistar rats with unilateral carotid ligation. Animals were exposed to hypoxia (PaO2 19–26 torr) for 25 min, and brain tissue metabolite values measured microfluorometrically were compared with those of normothermic normoxic controls. CaO2 was 4.0 ± 0.2 ml/dl (mean ± SEM) at PaO2 26 torr in normothermic animals. CaO2 was increased to 8.2 ± 0.3 ml/dl at PaO2 26 torr by means of bicarbonate infusion producing a leftward shift of the oxyhemoglobin-dissociation curve in one normothermic hypoxic group. In all normothermic hypoxic groups ATP and PCr decreased and lactate and NADH increased significantly compared with control values. There was no significant difference in brain tissue metabolite values among these groups despite an increase in CaO2 by twofold in one group. Hypothermia (32 C) resulted in CaO2 8.4 ± 0.2 ml/dl at PaO2 26 torr. This was decreased to 4.0 ± 0.2 ml/dl by decreasing PaO2 to 19 torr in another group at the same temperature. ATP and PCr were well preserved in both groups despite the difference in CaO2s. Although the lactate and NADH levels were increased in the hypothermic group with CaO2 4.0 ± 0.2 ml/dl, they were significantly lower than those values in normothermic hypoxic groups. These results indicate that the increase in CaO2 produced by hypothermia is not a major determinant in hypothermic protection during cerebral hypoxia.
Effects of Fish Oil Supplements in NIDDM Subjects: Controlled Study

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a fish oil preparation (MaxEPA) on hemostatic function and fasting lipid and glucose levels in non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) subjects. Eighty NIDDM outpatients aged 55.9 yr (mean SD 11.5 yr) participated in a prospective double-blind placebo-controlled study of MaxEPA capsules (10 g/day) or olive oil (control) treatment over 6 wk. Patients received either MaxEPA or olive oil in addition to preexisting therapy. Metabolic and hemostatic variables were measured before treatment and after 3 and 6 wk. Platelet membrane eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) content increased in the treatment group (P < 0.001). MaxEPA supplementation was associated with a significant fall in total triglycerides (P < 0.001) but did not affect total cholesterol (P = 0.7) compared with control treatment. Fasting plasma glucose increased after 3 wk (P = 0.01) but not after 6 wk (P = 0.17) treatment with MaxEPA. Spontaneous platelet aggregation in whole blood fell in the MaxEPA group (P < 0.02) after 6 wk, but there were no changes in agonist-induced platelet aggregation, thromboxane generation in platelet-rich plasma, or plasma P-thromboglobulin and platelet factor IV levels. An increase in clotting factor VII (P = 0.02), without changes in fibrinogen or factor X levels, occurred in the MaxEPA group. Similar reductions in blood pressure were observed in both groups. Dietary supplementation with MaxEPA capsules (10 g/day) in NIDDM subjects is associated with improvement in hypertriglyceridemia but with deleterious effects in factor VII and blood glucose levels. Most indices of platelet function are unaffected by this therapy.
Adrenocortical response to stress and ACTH in Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead trout (Salmo gairdnerii) at successive stages in the sexual cycle.

With the purpose of acquiring information concerning the functional activity of the adrenocortical tissue of the Pacific salmon (O. tshawytscha) during various stages of its migration from the sea to the spawning grounds, ACTH administration, the stress of holding in a confined space and repeated bleeding were employed to determine the response of the adrenocortical tissue as reflected in the changing concentration of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17- OHCS) in the blood plasma. The stress of holding sea salmon in a tank on board ship, without other disturbance, resulted after 1 hr in a progressive rise in plasma 17-OHCS to as much as a 4-fold increase by the end of 24–48 hr. This change was accompanied by hyperplasia of the adrenocortical tissue. At the beginning of the salmon's river migration, both holding alone plus bleeding and ACTH injection produced a marked increase in plasma 17-OHCS, but not quite as great as that shown by salmon taken in the sea. Thereafter, as the salmon continued their migration a.
Parental attitudes and interactions in delinquency.

DUNCAN, PAMI. Parental Attitudes and Interactions in Delinquency. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1971, 42, 1751-1765. This study investigates attitudes and interactions of parents of 2 types of delinquent and normal adolescent girls by means of a revised form of the Stanford Parent Questionnaire and a structured situational interview. The results indicate that the parents of nondelinquents can be clearly diferentiated from parents of delinquents in terms of displaying a higher activity level, less rejection, higher parental adjustment, lower consistency of controls, but higher consistency of feelings. Within delinquent groups, the parents of social delinquents display higher level of activity and are more restrictive in the area of control than parents of individual d~linqucnts. Differences between mothers and fathers across groups are four d with fathers advocating more use of authority, being more restricticve in the area of control, demanding more conformity, allowing the child freedom to interact with the environment, and demonstrating less affection to his child. Explanations in terms of a modeling efect are offered.
Misperceiving the college drinking norm and related problems: a nationwide study of exposure to prevention information, perceived norms and student alcohol misuse.

OBJECTIVE This study examined (1) the prevalence of misperceptions of college student drinking norms across campuses nationwide, (2) the importance of perceived norms in predicting high-risk drinking, (3) the association of exposure to alcohol education information with students' perceptions of campus drinking norms and (4) the differences in high-risk drinking rates between schools where exposure to alcohol information is associated with more accurately perceived norms and schools where exposure to information is unrelated to perceptions or is associated with greater misperceptions. METHOD Multivariate analyses were used to analyze an aggregate database of the National College Health Assessment survey administered to 76,145 students from 130 colleges and universities nationwide from spring 2000 through spring 2003. RESULTS Regardless of the actual campus drinking norm, a consistently large percentage of students nationwide overestimated the quantity of alcohol consumed by their peers. Students' perception of their campus drinking norm was the strongest predictor of the amount of alcohol personally consumed in comparison with the influence of all demographic variables. Perception of the norm was also a much stronger predictor when compared with the actual campus norm. Reduced levels of high-risk drinking and negative consequences were found among students attending the relatively few schools where exposure to prevention information was associated with less exaggerated perceptions of the drinking norm compared with students attending other schools. CONCLUSIONS Misperceived drinking norms are a pervasive problem. Schools that do not seek to reduce these misperceptions with their prevention information are neglecting a potentially powerful component of prevention.
Stack Overflow Query Outcome Prediction

Stack Overflow’s core mission is to create an online encyclopedia for all programming knowledge. In order to ensure quality content in the face of rapid growth, community moderators frequently close low quality questions, often asked by newcomers. In order to alleviate moderator burden and ease newcomers’ transition, we devise two classifiers to predict 1) whether a question will be closed and if close 2) its reason for closure. We train our models using logistic regression, SVMs, and boosting before selecting the optimal classifier. We found that the adaptive boosting algorithm best classified whether a question would be closed, whereas lasso-regulated logistic regression best classified the reason for closure. Our next steps to improve our classifiers include using word vectors, splicing the data by time period, and extracting more features from code segments.
Regulation of Adolescent Sleep: Implications for Behavior

Abstract: Adolescent development is accompanied by profound changes in the timing and amounts of sleep and wakefulness. Many aspects of these changes result from altered psychosocial and life‐style circumstances that accompany adolescence. The maturation of biological processes regulating sleep/wake systems, however, may be strongly related to the sleep timing and amount during adolescence—either as “compelling” or “permissive” factors. The two‐process model of sleep regulation posits a fundamental sleep‐wake homeostatic process (process S) working in concert with the circadian biological timing system (process C) as the primary intrinsic regulatory factors. How do these systems change during adolescence? We present data from adolescent participants examining EEG markers of sleep homeostasis to evaluate whether process S shows maturational changes permissive of altered sleep patterns across puberty. Our data indicate that certain aspects of the homeostatic system are unchanged from late childhood to young adulthood, while other features change in a manner that is permissive of later bedtimes in older adolescents. We also show alterations of the circadian timing system indicating a possible circadian substrate for later adolescent sleep timing. The circadian parameters we have assessed include phase, period, melatonin secretory pattern, light sensitivity, and phase relationships, all of which show evidence of changes during pubertal development with potential to alter sleep patterns substantially. However the changes are mediated—whether through process S, process C, or by a combination—many adolescents have too little sleep at the wrong circadian phase. This pattern is associated with increased risks for excessive sleepiness, difficulty with mood regulation, impaired academic performance, learning difficulties, school tardiness and absenteeism, and accidents and injuries.
A PCB-based package structure

A new package structure based on printed circuit board (PCB) as carrier substrate was proposed, aiming at providing an implementation of System-in Package (SiP) emphasizing small size and more importantly low cost. This structure is built upon a multilayer PCB, where open cavities are created in the top and bottom layers to house active dies, allowing package size reduction as well as protection against handling and impact. An application prototype was devised to integrate an RF IC and a baseband digital IC, typical of a wireless communication Rx system. Thermo-mechanical simulation models of the prototype are constructed to comparably assess certain aspects of its reliability and manufacturability. The results show comparable thermal performance compared with currently mainstream substrate material. Thermal cycling test of the new structure to experimentally evaluate its reliability is planned with results to be reported in a separate report.
Efficient and Qualitatively Distinct MHC Class I-Restricted Presentation of Antigen Targeted to the Endoplasmic Reticulum1

For most nascent glycoprotein Ags, the MHC class I-restricted processing pathway begins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). From this location, they are translocated to the cytosol for degradation by the proteasome. A reasonable assumption is that processing of exocytic Ags is less efficient than that of cytosolic Ags, due to the requirement for additional handling, but that the processing pathways for the two types of proteins are otherwise similar. To test this, we compared the presentation of three epitopes within influenza nucleoprotein (NP) when this Ag is targeted to the cytosol or the ER. Surprisingly, under conditions of limited Ag expression, presentation of two proteasome-dependent epitopes is comparable when NP is targeted to the ER while presentation of a third is negatively impacted. Furthermore, presentation of the third epitope is unaffected by the addition of proteasome inhibitor when cytosolic NP is expressed but is significantly enhanced when exocytic NP is expressed. These results indicate that delivery of Ag to the ER need not preclude efficient presentation and that processing of cytosolic and ER-targeted Ag is qualitatively distinct.
METHODOLOGICAL ARTICLE: A Brief Taxometrics Primer

Taxometric procedures provide an empirical means of determining which psychiatric disorders are typologically distinct from normal behavioral functioning. Although most disorders reflect extremes along continuously distributed behavioral traits, identifying those that are discrete has important implications for accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, early identification of risk, and improved understanding of etiology. This article provides (a) brief descriptions of the conceptual bases of several taxometric procedures, (b) example analyses using simulated data, and (c) strategies for avoiding common pitfalls that are often observed in taxometrics research. To date, most taxometrics studies have appeared in the adult psychopathology literature. It is hoped that this primer will encourage interested readers to extend taxometrics research to child and adolescent populations.
Rapid Dissolution of Cellulose in Ionic Liquid with Different Methods

Cellulose, the most widespread natural polymers, can be used as a green source for fabricating biodegradable and biocompatible materials with attractive properties by chemical modification or mixing with other components (Potthast et al., 2006). Effective utilization of cellulose not only mitigates the fossil resources crisis but also protects the environment of the Earth. However, cellulose is extraordinarily difficult to be dissolved due to its considerable hydrogen bonds and partially crystalline structure.