Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of Intrapersonal and Ecodevelopmental Factors in the Lives of Latino Alternative High School Youth

Despite efforts aimed at achieving health equity, Latino youth continue to experience significant health and mental health disparities. The purpose of this investigation was to explore the role of intrapersonal and ecodevelopmental factors, including family, peer, school, and community, in the lives of Latino alternative high school youth residing in the Southwest, United States. Five focus groups were implemented with a total of 19 participants. Study findings are indicative of an ecology characterized by multiple challenges that have a significant impact on the lives of Latino alternative high school youth. Findings from this study reinforce that there remains a great need to fully understand the scope and influence of intrapersonal and ecodevelopmental factors among Latino alternative high school youth to inform the development of culturally responsive social work preventive intervention programs.
Characterization of RNA molecules restricted to the nucleus in mouse L‐cells

RNA molecules which are restricted to the nucleus in mouse L‐cells were characterized by the technique of RNA/DNA hybridization. Competition of cytoplasmic RNA with labeled nuclear RNA of various sizes revealed that the RNA restricted to the cell nucleus is heterogeneous in size. Competition for sites on fractions of mouse DNA of various base compositions indicated that this unstable RNA is also heterogeneous in base composition. Fractionation of nuclei into three subfractions failed to separate the uniquely nuclear RNA from the precursors of cytoplasmic RNA. The significance of the selective transport of RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and its importance in the control of gene activity in eucaryotic cells is discussed.
A review of Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) bandpass filter based on different method and design

Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) is an emerging technology of high-frequency integrated that appeared in recent years which provides an excellent platform in order to design millimeter wave circuits such as filters, resonators and antennae. It offers advantages in terms of compact size and easy to integrate with the other planar circuit. The fabrication can be done by using standard printed circuit (PCB) where the cost of the manufacturing process will be reduced compared to the conventional waveguide filter. This paper presents the review of SIW bandpass filter for X-band applications for the past few years that have operation frequency from 8.2-12.4 GHz. Most researchers focus on designing SIW bandpass filter rather than other filter because Chebychev filter response is easy to make circuit synthesis. Different types of method have been introduced in the SIW bandpass filter design and the performance of the filter design will be compared.
A Combined Therapy Model (Individual and Family) for Children With Sexual Behavior Problems

This article describes one model from a variety of therapy methods used in the Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Sexual Aggression Among Children. The model combines family and individual therapy for children with sexual behavior problems. The frequency is of two successive individual sessions followed by one family session. The family sessions include the child and both parents, and in some cases siblings are also invited. The article specifies the importance of family therapy for this population and describes the context for appropriate interventions. It gives the characteristics of families whose children are having sexual behavior problems and who are suitable for therapy according to this model. The article deals, among other issues, with the importance of marking boundaries, talking about the fear, restructuring the family and changing behavioral patterns, and recreating communication channels.
Natural killer cells and malaria

Summary: Malaria, caused by the infection with parasites of the germs Plasmodium, is one of the three most important infectious diseases worldwide, along with tuberculosis and infection with human immunodeficiency virus. Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes classically involved in the early defense against viral infections and intracytoplasmic bacterial infections and are also implicated during the course of tumor development and allogeneic transplantation. These cells display important cytotoxic activity and produce high levels of proinflammatory cytokines. In both mouse and human models of malaria, NK cells appear to be a major source of interferon‐γ during the early phase of infection. In humans, indirect signaling through monocytes/macrophages required to optimally stimulate NK cell activity. However, the in vivo functions of NK cells during malaria are still enigmatic, and many issues remain to be dissected, such as the molecular basis of the direct recognition of iRBCs by NK cells.
The Correlation of the White Matter Lesions and Lacunar Infarcts in Patients with Vascular Cognitive Impairment

Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul; Department of Neurosurgery*, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea Background: Cerebral white matter lesions (WMLs) and lacunar infarcts (LIs) are mostly caused by small vessel disease (SVD). Whereas the main pathomechanism behind LIs is SVD, a variety of mechanisms could be responsible for WMLs. We tried to investigate the relationship between WMLs and LIs and the impact of subtypes of WMLs on its relationship. Methods: We assessed 128 subjects with vascular cognitive impairment with subcortical vascular lesion (VCI-S). LI number and WML volume were determined on T1-, T2-weighted images and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images using a semiquantitative visual scale. Cognitive function and daily functional impairment were assessed with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Seoul-Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (S-IADL). Results: Of the 128 patients, 106 (82.8%) had Alzheimer’s disease with WML and 22 (17.2%) had subcortical vascular dementia. Seventy patients (54.7%) had at least one lacune. A univariate Poisson model showed that history of hypertension, history of stroke and WML volume (periventricular and deep subcortical) were associated with LIs. A multivariate Poisson model showed that increased WML volume of both types and history of hypertension were associated with LIs. Neither S-IADL score nor MMSE was significantly associated with WML volume of both types. Conclusions: We found that LIs were associated with WMLs regardless of their types in patients with VCI-S. These findings may suggest that periventricular and deep subcortical WMLs share the same vascular pathomechanism of SVD as LIs. Received: January 6, 2012 Revision received: June 21, 2012 Accepted: June 21, 2012
High Ki67 Expression has Prognostic Value in Surgically-Resected T3 Gastric Adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND Antigen KI-67 (Ki67) plays a critical role in regulation of cell proliferation and has prognostic value in several types of cancer; however, the relationship between Ki67 expression and prognosis in resected T3 gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) has not yet been investigated. METHODS Retrospective analysis of 693 patients with T3 GA who underwent surgical resection at a single institution between July 2003 and December 2009 was performed. Ki67 expression in tumor tissues was examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC); the associations between Ki67 and prognosis/survival outcomes were assessed using the Chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, log-rank test, and univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS High Ki67 expression (IHC score > or = 3+) was observed in 335/693 (48.34%) of cases. Ki67 expression was significantly associated with distant metastasis, 5-year median recurrence-free survival time in months (MRFST), and 5-year median overall survival time in months (MOST). Median recurrence and overall survival were 20 and 28 months. High Ki67 expression was associated with shorter MRFST (13 vs. 27 months, p < 0.001) and MOST (21 vs. 35 months, p < 0.001 compared to low K67 expression). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that high K167 expression was an independent prognostic factor for an increased risk of recurrence (p = 0.001) and distant metastasis (p = 0.003) and poorer overall survival (p = 5.33 x 10(-5)). CONCLUSIONS High Ki67 expression was frequently observed in resected T3 GA and was a significant prognostic factor for poor outcome with respect to recurrence, distant metastasis and overall survival. Ki67 may represent a useful prognostic biomarker for resected T3 GA.
HerMES: unveiling obscured star formation – the far-infrared luminosity function of ultraviolet-selected galaxies at z ∼ 1.5

We study the far-infrared and sub-millimetre properties of a sample of ultraviolet (UV) selected galaxies at z ∼ 1.5. Using stacking at 250, 350 and 500 μm from Herschel Space Observatory Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) imaging of the Cosmological Evolution Survey (COSMOS) field obtained within the Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey (HERMES) key programme, we derive the mean infrared (IR) luminosity as a function of both UV luminosity and slope of the UV continuum β. The IR to UV luminosity ratio is roughly constant over most of the UV luminosity range we explore. We also find that the IR to UV luminosity ratio is correlated with β. We observe a correlation that underestimates the correlation derived from low-redshift starburst galaxies, but is in good agreement with the correlation derived from local normal star-forming galaxies. Using these results we reconstruct the IR luminosity function of our UV-selected sample. This luminosity function recovers the IR luminosity functions measured from IR-selected samples at the faintest luminosities (L_(IR) ∼ 10^(11) L_⊙), but might underestimate them at the bright-end (L_(IR) ≳ 5 × 10^(11) L_⊙). For galaxies with 10^(11) < L_(IR)/L_⊙ < 10^(13), the IR luminosity function of an UV selection recovers (given the differences in IR-based estimates) 52–65 to 89–112 per cent of the star formation rate density derived from an IR selection. The cosmic star formation rate density derived from this IR luminosity function is 61–76 to 100–133 per cent of the density derived from IR selections at the same epoch. Assuming the latest Herschel results and conservative stacking measurements, we use a toy model to fully reproduce the far-IR luminosity function from our UV selection at z ∼ 1.5. This suggests that a sample around 4 mag deeper (i.e. reaching u^* ∼ 30 mag) and a large dispersion of the IR to UV luminosity ratio are required.
Effects of metal-bearing nanoparticles (Ag, Au, CdS, ZnO, SiO2) on developing zebrafish embryos

Due to the increasing commercialization of consumer and industrial products containing nanoparticles (NPs), an increase in the introduction of these materials into the environment is expected. NP toxicity to aquatic organisms depends on multiple biotic and abiotic factors, resulting in an unlimited number of combinations impossible to test in practice. The zebrafish embryo model offers a useful screening tool to test and rank the toxicity of nanomaterials according to those diverse factors. This work aims to study the acute and sublethal toxicity of a set of metal-bearing NPs displaying different properties, in comparison to that of the ionic and bulk forms of the metals, in order to establish a toxicity ranking. Soluble NPs (Ag, CdS and ZnO) showed the highest acute and sublethal toxicity, with LC50 values as low as 0.529 mg Ag l−1 for Ag NPs of 20 nm, and a significant increase in the malformation prevalence in embryos exposed to 0.1 mg Cd l−1 of CdS NPs of ∼4 nm. For insoluble NPs, like SiO2 NPs, acute effects were not observed during early embryo development due to the protective effect of the chorion. But effects on larvae could be expected, since deposition of fluorescent SiO2 NPs over the gill lamella and excretion through the intestine were observed after hatching. In other cases, such as for gold NPs, the toxicity could be attributed to the presence of additives (sodium citrate) in the NP suspension, as they displayed a similar toxicity when tested separately. Overall, the results indicated that toxicity to zebrafish embryos depends primarily on the chemical composition and, thus, the solubility of the NPs. Other characteristics, such as size, played a secondary role. This was supported by the observation that ionic forms of the metals were always more toxic than the nano forms, and bulk forms were the least toxic to the developing zebrafish embryos.
A Data Scalable Augmented Lagrangian KKT Preconditioner for Large-Scale Inverse Problems

Current state of the art preconditioners for the reduced Hessian and the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) operator for large scale inverse problems are typically based on approximating the reduced Hessian with the regularization operator. However, the quality of this approximation degrades with increasingly informative observations or data. Thus the best case scenario from a scientific standpoint (fully informative data) is the worse case scenario from a computational perspective. In this paper we present an augmented Lagrangian-type preconditioner based on a block diagonal approximation of the augmented upper left block of the KKT operator. The preconditioner requires solvers for two linear subproblems that arise in the augmented KKT operator, which we expect to be much easier to precondition than the reduced Hessian. Analysis of the spectrum of the preconditioned KKT operator indicates that the preconditioner is effective when the regularization is chosen appropriately. In particular, it is effective when the regularization does not over-penalize highly informed parameter modes and does not under-penalize uninformed modes. Finally, we present a numerical study for a large data/low noise Poisson source inversion problem, demonstrating the effectiveness of the preconditioner. In this example, three MINRES iterations on the KKT system with our preconditioner results in a reconstruction with better accuracy than 50 iterations of CG on the reduced Hessian system with regularization preconditioning.
Time-optimal current trajectory for predictive speed control of PMSM drive

A new method of time-optimal control of the currents in permanent magnet synchronous machine is proposed. The voltage is constrained to lie a in circle of known diameter. Implicit equation for the time-to-go function is provided and its numerical solution is proposed. To avoid chattering, the current control is deterministically switched with predictive current controller. We show how to apply the proposed solution in cascade control of the PMSM drive.
Immunohistochemical localization of phosphorylated protein kinase R and phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor‐2α in the central nervous system of SJL mice with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis

Inflammatory cells enter the CNS and target myelin in multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of MS, and inflammation is thought to induce stress responses in the CNS. Protein kinase R (PKR) and eukaryotic initiation factor‐2α (eIF2α) undergo phosphorylation in response to stress, and the phosphorylated forms of these proteins play a key role in regulating protein synthesis. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression profile of phospho‐PKR and phospho‐eIF2α during the course of EAE in order to advance the understanding of the stress response in this disease. In control animals (no encephalitogen with no emulsion; no encephalitogen with emulsion) and in preclinical EAE animals, phospho‐PKR immunoreactivity was present in oligodendrocytes and some neurons, whereas, in EAE animals with active disease there was widespread labeling of inflammatory cells, and these cells were present during the recovery period of EAE, albeit to a lesser extent. Double‐labeling studies revealed that T cells and a few macrophages were phospho‐PKR+. Phospho‐eIF2α immunoreactivity was detected in some oligodendrocytes in hindbrain sections of control animals. In EAE animals with active disease, the number of labeled oligodendrocytes increased, and inflammatory T cells also were labeled. Insofar as phospho‐PKR activates nuclear factor‐κB, it may facilitate cytokines expression by T cells. Alternatively, phospho‐PKR and phospho‐eIF2α may promote apoptosis as a way to regulate T‐cell number in the CNS. The expression of phospho‐eIF2α in oligodendrocytes during EAE likely is involved with inhibition of protein translation, which is a protective mechanism used to promote cell survival in response to inflammation. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Drug Interactions in Epilepsy

Summary: The abolition of seizures using a single antiepileptic agent can be expected in more than 80% of patients, although not necessarily with the first drug tried. The remainder often receive polypharmacy, and current evidence suggests that perhaps only around 10% of these benefit significantly in terms of improved seizure control. Many more experience complicated drug interactions. Carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, and primidone (metabolized in part to phenobarbital) all induce the synthesis of hepatic monooxygenase and conjugating enzymes. This will result in an acceleration in the metabolism of other lipid‐soluble drugs with likely attenuation of their pharmacological effects. Valproate, on the other hand, is a minor enzyme inhibitor. Pharmacokinetic interactions are almost invariable when more than one antiepileptic drug is coprescribed. The extent and direction of interactions with combinations of these drugs are varied and unpredictable. Discontinuation of an enzyme inducer or inhibitor will influence the concentrations of the remaining drug(s). Pharmacodynamic interactions also cause problems in epileptic patients. A number of commonly prescribed psychoactive drugs, such as tricyclic antidepressants and neuroleptics, can worsen seizure control by reducing the convulsion threshold. In addition, there seems little doubt that ethanol abuse and withdrawal can precipitate seizures in susceptible patients. Antiepileptic polypharmacy is more likely to impair cognitive function than the same drugs used singly. In addition, the more antiepileptic drugs received by a patient in the first trimester of pregnancy, the higher the risk of teratogenesis in the exposed infant. Drug interactions prolong and complicate the process of new drug assessment, particularly when introduced in treated patients with refractory epilepsy. The candidate antiepileptic drug may alter the concentration of concomitant therapy, or its own breakdown may be influenced by coprescribed enzyme inducers or inhibitors. Even if the new drug is excreted unchanged by the kidney, unexpected interactions can be uncovered. Pharmacodynamic interactions need not always be detrimental. Currently, there is no rational approach to the treatment of intractable epilepsy. As more new drugs with single mechanisms of action become available, the potential exists for combining these synergistically. This approach may revolutionize the pharmacological management of the epileptic patient in the 21st century.
Channel and Propagation Measurements at 300 GHz

Ultrabroadband Terahertz communication systems are expected to help satisfy the ever-growing need for unoccupied bandwidth. Here, we present ultra broadband channel measurements at 300 GHz for two distinct indoor scenarios, a point-to-point link of devices on a desktop and the connection of a laptop to an access point in the middle of an office room. In the first setup, measurements are taken with regard to distance, different antenna types and device displacements. Additionally, an interference constellation according to the two-ray model is examined. In the second setup, the focus is on the detection and characterization of the LOS- and the NLOS-paths in an indoor environment, including a maximum of two reflections. Temporal channel characteristics are examined with regard to maximum achievable symbol rates. Furthermore, ray obstruction due to objects in the transmission path is investigated.
An evaluation of void‐filling interpolation methods for SRTM data

The Digital Elevation Model that has been derived from the February 2000 Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) has been one of the most important publicly available new spatial data sets in recent years. However, the ‘finished’ grade version of the data (also referred to as Version 2) still contains data voids (some 836,000 km2)—and other anomalies—that prevent immediate use in many applications. These voids can be filled using a range of interpolation algorithms in conjunction with other sources of elevation data, but there is little guidance on the most appropriate void‐filling method. This paper describes: (i) a method to fill voids using a variety of interpolators, (ii) a method to determine the most appropriate void‐filling algorithms using a classification of the voids based on their size and a typology of their surrounding terrain; and (iii) the classification of the most appropriate algorithm for each of the 3,339,913 voids in the SRTM data. Based on a sample of 1304 artificial but realistic voids across six terrain types and eight void size classes, we found that the choice of void‐filling algorithm is dependent on both the size and terrain type of the void. Contrary to some previous findings, the best methods can be generalised as: kriging or inverse distance weighting interpolation for small and medium size voids in relatively flat low‐lying areas; spline interpolation for small and medium‐sized voids in high‐altitude and dissected terrain; triangular irregular network or inverse distance weighting interpolation for large voids in very flat areas, and an advanced spline method (ANUDEM) for large voids in other terrains.