Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Decision Problems for Propositional Linear

Linear logic, introduced by Girard, is a re nement of classical logic with a natural, intrinsic accounting of resources. This accounting is made possible by removing the \structural" rules of contraction and weakening; adding a modal operator; and adding ner versions of the propositional connectives. Linear logic has fundamental logical interest and applications to computer science, particularly to Petri nets, concurrency, storage allocation, garbage collection, and the control structure of logic programs. In addition, there is a direct correspondence between polynomial-time computation and proof normalization in a bounded form of linear logic. In this paper we show that unlike most other propositional (quanti er-free) logics, full propositional linear logic is undecidable. Further, we prove that without the modal storage operator, which indicates unboundedness of resources, the decision problem becomes pspace-complete. We also establish membership in np for the multiplicative fragment, np-completeness for the multiplicative fragment extended with unrestricted weakening, and undecidability for fragments of noncommutative propositional linear logic.
1 SPARC and its work with the National Slum Dwellers Federation and Mahila Milan , India

In recent years, SPARC (the Society for the Promotion of Area Resource Centres) has become one of the best known NGOs working on housing issues. But one of the most important aspects of its work is not only what it does but also how it works with community organisations, professionals and government agencies. This paper outlines some of SPARC's main work areas its support for the emergency and housing credit programmes of women pavement dwellers, its work on housing finance and its work on sanitation and on research and education. It describes SPARC's emphasis in its work on "process" rather than projects. SPARC measures its own effectiveness through the extent to which it can mobilise other people and groups rather than through its own growth as an organisation. This paper describes the alliances it has forged with other groups, especially the National Slum Dwellers Federation of India, Mahila Milan (a federation of women's collectives) and the Asian Coalition for Housing Rights. SPARC's strategy is both to expand the number of poor communities involved in the process, creating opportunities to educate and train them, and to improve their access to the resources and services available in cities.
FDI and Income Inequality

This paper examines the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and income inequality for a sample of ten European countries over the period 1980 to 2000. Using panel co-integration and causality techniques that are robust to omitted variables, slope heterogeneity, and endogenous regressors, we find that: (1) FDI has a positive short-run effect on income inequality in Europe, (2) the long-run effect of FDI on inequality, however, is negative on average, (3) long-run causality runs in both directions, suggesting that an increase in FDI reduces income inequality and, in turn, higher inequality leads to lower FDI inflows, and (4) there are large differences in the long-run effect of FDI on income inequality, with two countries (Ireland and Spain) exhibiting a positive relationship between FDI and income inequality.
ROLE OF EXOTIC BREEDS IN DAIRY AND BEEF IMPROVEMENT IN ASIA

An evaluation of the role of exotic or introduced breeds, including both B. taurus and B. indicus, in dairy and beef breeding improvement in tropical Asia, mainly South Asia and Southeast Asia, is the major aim of this paper. For dairy production the Holstein-Friesian (HF) is one of exotic breeds which appeared to make very significant impact through crossbreeding. It is anticipated that crossbreds with high percentages of HF or even purebred HF will soon become useful and profitable for smallholder dairy farmers in Asia. Some new dairy breeds introduced by some countries in Asia were not very different in milk yield from locally produced crossbreds of similar genotypes. As for beef breeding the Brahman (BR) cattle appeared to make the most significant impact at small farm level through crossbreeding with local indigenous cattle as well as through purebreeding. During the recent years B. taurus genotypes such as Charolais, Hereford, and Shorthorn had been introduced to improve the growth rate and carcass qualities of the crossbreds. The future use of some new beef breeds such as Santa Gertrudis, Droughtmaster, or Charbray was very much uncertain due to their unclear genetic advantages.
Describing attributes of competent school headmasters : A case study of ten school headmasters in Metropolitan Bulawayo Region-Zimbabwe

The purpose of this qualitative research study was to identify and describe specific leadership attributes related to outstanding SI leadership in Zimbabwean schools. The question that guided this study was; how do teachers name and describe the attributes of exceptional school leaders in Zimbabwe? Ten (10) school headmasters, 52-teachers, 81-parents and 82-students participated in this study. Literature reveals that most reported effective school leadership qualities were studied in contexts of developed countries but no study has specifically discussed results related to outstanding leadership in Zimbabwe. For this study we used questionnaires and interviews to collect data related to known cases from participants in Zimbabwean school contexts. Key findings revealed that the participants for this study reported that efficient school heads exhibit the following specific leadership attributes that enhance school improvement that they lead—(a) show clear knowledge, and understanding of cultures of people they lead, (b) exhibit outstanding communication skills and use of current forms of technology; (c) create healthy school climates; (d) create teacher-leadership teams; and (e) they encourage collective ethical decisions making strategies among others. We concluded that school leaders who influence improved learning outcomes and improvement of the schools foster communication skills that enhance workplace relationships that in turn help to uplift educational standards in their schools.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SILVER – COBALT AND SILVER – MANGANESE COMPOSITE OXIDE CATALYSTS : PREPARATION , CHARACTERIZATION AND TESTING FOR THE OXIDATION OF CO

Silver-cobalt and silver-manganese composite oxides were prepared by coprecipitation method at different metal/metal oxide molar ratio and by different rates of preparation. The catalysts were characterised by X-Ray diffraction, BET and TGA. The CO oxidation studies were carried out in a micro reactor and reaction was formed under dry and wet atmospheres for a binary CO + air and CO + CO2 H2O + air gas mixtures. 1:1 Ag/Co prepared by the slow precipitation and 1:1 Ag/Mn prepared by the opposite slow precipitation gave the best performance for the dry conditions. Activity of these catalysts significantly decreased when the water vapor and CO2 was added to the feed. Silver-cobalt composite oxide catalyst shows a higher performance than the silver-manganese composite oxide catalyst for the wet atmospheres.
Modeling Long-Distance Cue Integration in Spoken Word Recognition

Cues to linguistic categories are distributed across the speech signal. Optimal categorization thus requires that listeners maintain gradient representations of incoming input in order to integrate that information with later cues. There is now evidence that listeners can and do integrate cues that occur far apart in time. Computational models of this integration have however been lacking. We take a first step at addressing this gap by mathematically formalizing four models of how listeners may maintain and use cue information during spoken language understanding and test them on two perception experiments. In one experiment, we find support for rational integration of cues at long distances. In a second, more memory and attention-taxing experiment, we find evidence in favor of a switching model that avoids maintaining detailed representations of cues in memory. These results are a first step in understanding what kinds of mechanisms listeners use for cue integration under different memory and attentional constraints.
FLORISTIC AND STRUCTURAL DIVERSITY OF MIXED DIPTEROCARP FOREST IN LAMBIR HILLS NATIONAL PARK

FLORISTIC AND STRUCTURAL DIVERSITY OF MIXED DIPTEROCARP FOREST IN LAMBIR HILLS NATIONAL PARK, SARAWAK, MALAYSIA H. S. Lee, Forest Department, 93660 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia S. J. Davies*, Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge MA02138, USA. E-mail: sdavies@oeb. harvard, edu J. V. LaFrankie, Center for Tropical Forest Science, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Bukit Timah Road, Singapore S. Tan, Forest Department, 93660 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia T. Yamakura, A. Itoh, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558, Japan T. Ohkubo Utsunomiya National University, Utsunomiya 321-8505, Japan
Clinical features and ethical issues in pediatric epilepsy

Worldwide, fifty million people have epilepsy and around 85 % of them live in developing countries. In particular, 25% of the global population with epilepsy is younger than 15 years of age. Prognosis in children with epilepsy varies from benign epilepsies in which remission occurs after a few years and treatment can often be avoided, to patients with drug-resistant seizures, which may require polytherapy and even surgical treatment. Due to the wide range of causes of epileptic syndromes, the possible negative psychosocial and cognitive consequences of seizures and the impact on quality of life, the management of children with epilepsy raises some relevant ethical issues: communication of diagnosis, the decision of starting a treatment after the first seizure, the use of new drugs in children and diagnostic challenges. Although surgery represents a viable therapeutic option for children with refractory focal epilepsy, the widespread use of surgical intervention must be regulated by evidence-based outcomes, pragmatism, and ethical principles. The cooperative work of neurologists, psychologists, caregivers and teachers can help face the challenges related to epilepsy, including the persisting stigma.
Prima Facie Consequentialism : Reconciling Consequentialism and Deontology into a Normative Ethical Theory

Deontological ethics is defined as a normative ethical theory that is based primarily around rights, duties, and/or obligations that always take precedence in moral judgements even if following said duties would not lead to the best consequences. For example, many deontological philosophers view abstaining from murder as a deontological duty; to such thinkers, it is always wrong to commit murder, no matter the consequences. The rationality of deontological ethics has been hotly debated and has a propensity for dividing opinions. In the first section of this essay, I will argue that deontological ethical theories are irrational because they are products of innate, automatic cognitive heuristics loosely tied to human emotion as opposed to genuine moral reasoning; in the second section, I will try to reconcile deontological judgements into a working normative ethical theory by suggesting that they have value as prima facie duties—or duties to be observed under all circumstances except where carrying out said duty would have foreseeable negative consequences for the collective whole, or another prima facie duty that is contradictory to another is in that instant more important; in the third section, I will aim to distinguish prima facie consequentialism from traditional utilitarianism, using examples to show how the two doctrines differ in addition to how prima facie consequentialism is capable of avoiding the criticisms typically associate with traditional utilitarianism.
Large field-induced gap of Kitaev-Heisenberg paramagnons in α-RuCl 3

Richard Hentrich, ∗ Anja U.B. Wolter, Xenophon Zotos, 2 Wolfram Brenig, Domenic Nowak, Anna Isaeva, Thomas Doert, Arnab Banerjee, Paula Lampen-Kelley, 7 David G. Mandrus, 7 Stephen E. Nagler, Jennifer Sears, Young-June Kim, Bernd Büchner, 9, 10 and Christian Hess 10, † Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, 01069 Dresden, Germany ITCP and CCQCN, Department of Physics, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece Institute for Theoretical Physics, TU Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany Quantum Condensed Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA Department of Physics and Center for Quantum Materials, University of Toronto, 60 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A7 Institute of Solid State Physics, TU Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany Center for Transport and Devices, TU Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany (Dated: October 12, 2017)
onmyeloablative Unrelated Donor Hematopoietic Cell ransplantation to Treat Patients with Poor-Risk , elapsed , or Refractory Multiple Myeloma

The purpose of this study was to determine long-term outcome of unrelated donor nonmyeloablative hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in patients with poor-risk multiple myeloma. A total of 24 patients were enrolled; 17 patients (71%) had chemotherapy-refractory disease, and 14 (58%) experienced disease relapse or progression after previous autologous transplantation. Thirteen patients underwent planned autologous transplantation followed 43–135 days later with unrelated transplantation, whereas 11 proceeded directly to unrelated transplantation. All 24 patients were treated with fludarabine (90 mg/m) and 2 Gy of total body irradiation before HLA-matched unrelated peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Postgrafting immunosuppression consisted of cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil. The median follow-up was 3 years after allografting. One patient experienced nonfatal graft rejection. The incidences of acute grades II and III and chronic graft-versus-host disease were 54%, 13%, and 75%, respectively. The 3-year nonrelapse mortality (NRM) was 21%. Complete responses were observed in 10 patients (42%); partial responses, in 4 (17%). At 3 years, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 61% and 33%, respectively. Patients receiving tandem autologous-unrelated transplantation had superior OS and PFS (77% and 51%) compared with patients proceeding directly to unrelated donor transplantation (44% and 11%) (PFS P value .03). In summary, for patients with poor-risk, relapsed, or refractory multiple myeloma, cytoreductive autologous HCT followed by nonmyeloablative conditioning and unrelated HCT is an effective treatment approach, with low NRM, high complete remission rates, and prolonged disease-free survival. © 2007 American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation
Application of a Functional-Structural Plant Model ( FSPM ) to Optimize a Management

Functional Structural Plant Models (FSPM) facilitate decision making processes by rendering visualizations that permit decision makers to more easily evaluate multiple options or outcomes. This study simulates different stand management scenarios based on varying initial stand densities to demonstrate one potential application of FSPM as a decision making tool. We investigate the effects of several structural parameters on tree growth of Stone Pine (Pinus pinea L), and adjust them to model tree growth data collected in the field. Our simulation results show that individual trees develop more foliage when there is less competition, while greater competition (higher density) results in more foliage on a per hectare basis. The same relationship is observed for total biomass. Individual tree diameter growth is greater when there is less competition. Received November 19, 2012; Accepted January 22, 2013 ∗ Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Japan 174 Surový, P. & Yoshimoto, A.
Effects of SAQ training on selected physiological variables among basketball players

The present study explores the impact of 12 weeks SAQ training on the various physiological variables among basketball players. Twenty basketball players were randomly selected from The New Public School, Sec-18,and Sri Guru Harkrishan Model School, Sec-38 of Union Territory Chandigarh. The age of the students ranged from 16-19 years. The players were randomly divided into two groups, SAQ training group (N=10) and control group (N=10). Random group design has been used in the study. The training programme was scheduled for one and a half hour, i.e., 4:00-5:30pm per day for twice a week (Monday and Thursday) for SAQ training group. The control group was prohibited to participate in any of the training programmes except for their daily routine practice. The selected physiological variables for the study were resting pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, resting respiratory rate and peak expiratory flow rate. To compare the mean difference between pre-test and post-test,‘t’ test was computed with the help of SPSS software and level of significance chosen was 0.05. Significant differences were found with pre-test and post-test results with respect to pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, resting respiratory rate, etc. it can be therefore inferred that SAQ training indeed affects the physiological variables and rather improves them. No significant was found between pre-test and post-test of control group on physiological variables. Therefore, this training should be an integral part of the overall training programmes for athletes.
John Searle’s Literary Theory Thoughts of “Fictional” and “Pretended” Speech Acts

John Searle has inherited the traditional theory of literary fiction, Wittgenstein’s concepts of “family resemblance” and language games, and Austin’s literary concept of “parasitic”, regarded literature, in its essence, as a “fictional”, “pretended” and atypical speech act, and developed his unique literary theory of speech act, which has important theoretical significance and value for contemporary literary theory development.
Effection of saxagliptin therapy on elderly patients with type 2 diabetes on pancreatic 毬-cell function and micro-inflammatory state

Effection of saxagliptin therapy on elderly patients with type 2 diabetes on pancreatic 毬-cell function and micro-inflammatory state Jin-Ying Zhao, Bo Chen, Xiao-Dong Peng Department of Endocrinology, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Area Command, Lanzhou 730050, China Department of emergency, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Area Command, Lanzhou 730050, China Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China Journal of Hainan Medical University
Botulinum Toxin ( A ) Versus Topical Anesthesia for Spasticity Control in Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsied Children

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to compare the possible effects of Botulinum toxin (BT-A) and topical anesthesia (TOPA) on muscle tone and motor control of the lower extremities in hemiplegic cerebral palsied children. Methods: Thirty cases of ambulant spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsied children (19 males, 11 females) with (mean age 4 y and 5 months ± 1 y and 4 months, range 3 to 7 years) were studied. Subjects were divided into two groups equal in numbers: (1) BT-A group received two successive doses of BT-A injection to the calf muscles with two successive monthes interval between the two doses. (2) TOPA group received local anesthesia (EMLA cream) for the calf muscles, three times per week for a three successive month’s period. Muscle tone assessment, ankle dorsiflexion range, and gait evaluation were conducted for every child in BT-A and TOPA groups at entry and after the treatment course for each group. Results: A comparison between BT-A and TOPA groups showed (1) Significant improvement in Ashworth scale, Tardieu scale, step width, and passive ankle dorsiflexion range in favor of the BT-A group. (2) Significant improvement in foot angle and active dorsiflexion range in favor of the TOPA group. Conclusion: Children with hemiplegic CP revealed improvements in muscle tone, range of motion, and gait parameters after BT-A or topical anesthesia. BT-A was shown to be of almost similar efficacy to topical anesthesia in respect to improvement in gait parameters. Additionally, tone reduction was more with BT-A injection, while improvement of active dorsiflexion range was more with topical anesthesia.
Triple Disruption of the Superior Shoulder Suspensory Complex – A Case Report

Introduction: Superior shoulder suspensory complex (SSSC) plays a key role in maintaining stable upper extremity– axial skeleton connection. Injury to one component is a common occurrence while double disruption leading to floating shoulder is a rare occurrence. Disruption of more than one component of this complex leads to significant morbidity and interferes with adequate shoulder function and requires surgical intervention. Case Report: This case report describes a rare triple disruption of SSSC in a 40-year female in dominant shoulder involving fracture of lateral end of clavicle, Type 1 coracoid fracture, and an acromion fracture. She underwent operative fixation of all the components and reported excellent functional outcome at the end of 1-year follow-up. Conclusion: The triple disruption of the SSSC is an extremely rare injury comprising breakages of the ring at three distinct locations, which usually follow high-velocity injuries associated with other musculoskeletal and visceral injuries. Proper pre-operative evaluation and appropriate surgical intervention give good results and avoid long-term complications such as chronic pain, weakness, and subacromial impingement of shoulder.
EXPLORING THE SIMULATION OF DYNAMIC PARTIAL RECONFIGURATION FOR NETWORK ON CHIP ( NOC )-BASED FPGA By Amr

X : INTRODUCTION . 1 MOTIVATION . 1 CONTRIBUTION . 2 ORGANIZATION OF THE THESIS . 2 : BACKGROUND . 3 FPGA TECHNOLOGIES . 3 2.1.1. FPGA versus ASIC . 3 2.1.2. FPGA architecture . 4 2.1.3. Heterogeneous Arrays . 5 DYNAMIC PARTIAL RECONFIGURATION. 6 2.2.1. Reconfigurable Models . 6 2.2.1.1. Single Context 6 2.2.1.2. Multi-Context 7 2.2.1.3. Partially Reconfigurable . 8 2.2.2. Benefits of using Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration . 8 NETWORK ON CHIP . 10 2.3. 1. Interconnection challenge. 10 2.3. 2. Bus versus Network . 11 2.3. 3. NoC parameters . 11 2.3. 4. NoC Architecture . 12 2.3. 5. Topology . 12 2.3. 6. Routing . 13 2.3. 7. Switching techniques . 13 2.3. 8. Virtual channel Flow Control . 14 SIMULATION ABSTRACTION . 15 PROGRAMMING ABSTRACTION . 15 2.5. 1. Low-level programming languages: . 16 2.5. 2. Object-oriented languages: . 16 2.5. 3. Simulation frameworks: . 16 NOC SIMULATOR COMPARISON . 16 : CONFIGURATION TECHNIQUES FOR XILINX FPGAS . 19