Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
School-based intervention to promote healthy nutrition and physical activity in Palestinian girls - Process evaluation

Aim: School-based interventions have the potential to intervene with the students and teachers, and to reach their families. A controlled program trial was designed to promote healthy eating and physical activity among Palestinian females, while the process evaluation aimed to monitor the program’s implementation and identify factors that led to its success. Methods: A randomized controlled program trial was conducted in 14-Palestinian schools under 4-different jurisdictions, divided into 7-control and 7-intervention schools chosen randomly after applying a sample size calculation. A monitoring system, elucidated factors which contributed to improved outcomes, was applied in the intervention schools only, while the control schools continued with their regular curriculum. The process evaluation tracked the timing and implementation of interventions including changes in the school strategy, policy and structure, teachers’ capacity building, mothers’ education and involvement, the school’s supportive health environment, and integration food consumption records and physical activity into the daily class routine. Results: The intervention included 3,805 schoolchildren and their mothers’ as-well-as 147 teachers. At the completion of the 18-month intervention the schools had successfully participated in the various intervention activities. Only the private school did not sustain some of the interventions, which put it at 55% completion of the school supportive environment activities compared to the other schools which all reached the 100% completion of planned activities. Conclusion: This process evaluation approach enabled a more comprehensive understanding of the intervention implementation and outcomes and identified factors that contribute to the sustainability of the intervention. Each school required a different amount of time for understanding, applying and implementing the program depending on its needs. Acknowledgments: The authors thank the participating schools, the Palestinian Ministry of Education, the UNRWA Office of Education and Jerusalem Municipality for facilitating fieldwork. I would like to acknowledge my gratitude to my doctoral thesis supervisors, Prof. Elliot Berry and Prof. Ziad Abdeen. Source of funding: This study is a part of Ph.D. degree. The researcher received scholarship from Joint Distribution Committee (JDC). The author thanks Nutrition and Health Research Institute Al-Quds University for funding part of the research. The Linda Joy Pollin Cardiovascular Wellness Center for Women at the Division of Cardiology of Hadassah University Medical Center, directed by Dr. Donna Zfat funded the mothers’ activities and lectures towards the end of the intervention, as well as the implementation of the program at the control schools one year after the study ended, as they were promised when they got selected
The effect of adult feeding on lipid and protein reserves in African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta, moths before and during reproduction

ABSTRACT. Newly‐emerged Spodoptera exempta (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) moths contain high levels of lipid held largely in the abdominal fat body, the quantity depending on the larval feeding conditions. There is a positive relationship between weight‐related lipid content and moth weight, which is consistent for female but not for male moths, suggesting that larval feeding conditions producing large individuals allow the accumulation of quantitatively disproportionate lipid reserves. Male and female moths have comparable levels of abdominal protein.
Opposite effect of corticosteroids and long‐acting β2‐agonists on serum‐ and TGF‐β1‐induced extracellular matrix deposition by primary human lung fibroblasts

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are characterized by chronic airway inflammation and major structural lung tissue changes including increased extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Inhaled corticosteroids and long‐acting β2‐agonists (LABA) are the basic treatment for both diseases, but their effect on airway remodeling remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of corticosteroids and LABA, alone or in combination, on total ECM and collagen deposition, gene expression, cell proliferation, and IL‐6, IL‐8, and TGF‐β1 levels by primary human lung fibroblasts. In our model, fibroblasts in 0.3% albumin represented a non‐inflammatory condition and stimulation with 5% FCS and/or TGF‐β1 mimicked an inflammatory environment with activation of tissue repair. FCS (5%) increased total ECM, collagen deposition, cell proliferation, and IL‐6, IL‐8, and TGF‐β1 levels. In 0.3% albumin, corticosteroids reduced total ECM and collagen deposition, involving the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and downregulation of collagen, heat shock protein 47 (Hsp47), and Fli1 mRNA expression. In 5% FCS, corticosteroids increased ECM deposition, involving upregulation of COL4A1 and CTGF mRNA expression. LABA reduced total ECM and collagen deposition under all conditions partly via the β2‐adrenergic receptor. In combination, the drugs had an additive effect in the presence or absence of TGF‐β1 further decreasing ECM deposition in 0.3% albumin whereas counteracting each other in 5% FCS. These data suggest that the effect of corticosteroids, but not of LABA, on ECM deposition by fibroblasts is altered by serum. These findings imply that as soon as airway inflammation is resolved, long‐term treatment with combined drugs may beneficially reduce pathological tissue remodeling. J. Cell. Physiol. 210: 167–176, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comprehensive Study on Coded Modulation Schemes for Future Communication

In the future communication technology standards, wireless communication in high mobility scenes is extremely important, but the fast fading of the channel and the Doppler frequency shift caused by high-speed mobile will seriously affect the overall performance of the system. The communication performance indicators such as bit error rate (BER), computational complexity and transmission capacity will degrade. This paper introduces several coded modulation schemes of joint coding modulation diversity (JCMD), orthogonal time-frequency space (OTFS) modulation and space-frequency block code (SFBC), and uses bit interleaved coded modulation (BICM) as a reference for comparison. The simulation results show that the JCMD scheme has the best block error rate (BLER) performance under different moving speed and code rate conditions. And JCMD has strong robustness, can achieve large performance gains even under the conditions of high speed and high code rate.
Negative regulation of peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx 6) transcription by nuclear oncoprotein DEK during leukemia cell differentiation

The oncogene protein DEK is an abundant and ubiquitous nuclear protein with implications in acute myelogenous leukemia, as translocation which results in the formation of a DEK-CAN fusion protein. In a previous study, we have identified that DEK negatively regulated peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx 6) transcription synergistically with the p65 subunit of NF-κB. In this study, we further investigated DEK-mediated transcriptional regulation of Prdx 6 during leukemia cell differentiation. Using Chromatin Immunoprecipitation analysis and Prdx 6 reporter assays, we found that DEK operated as a negative regulator of Prdx 6 transcription during leukemia cell differentiation. DEK was highly expressed and recruited to Prdx 6 promoter along with p65 and repressed transcription after leukemia cell differentiation.
The mechanics and physics of high-speed dislocations: a critical review

High speed dislocations have long been identified as the dominant feature governing the plastic response of crystalline materials subjected to high strain rates, controlling deformation and failure in industrial processes such as machining, laser shock peening, punching, drilling, crashworthiness, foreign object damage, etc. Despite decades of study, the role high speed dislocations have on the materials response remains elusive. This article reviews both experimental and theoretical efforts made to address this issue in a systematic way. The lack of experimental evidence and direct observation of high speed dislocations means that most work on the matter is rooted on theory and simulations. This article offers a critical review of the competing theoretical accounts of high speed mechanisms, their underlying hypothesis, insights, and shortcomings, with particular focus on elastic continuum and atomistic levels. The article closes with an overview of the current state of the art and suggestions for key developments in future research.
Silicon-mediated improvement in the salt resistance of wheat (Triticum aestivum) results from increased sodium exclusion and resistance to oxidative stress.

Silicon (Si) is reported to reduce the effect of salinity on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and other crops. In the present study, Si decreased plant Na+ uptake and shoot : root Na+ distribution of a salt-resistant as well as a salt-sensitive wheat genotype. Reduced shoot Na+ concentration and increased shoot K+ : Na+ ratio led to improved plant growth. Silicon increased cell-wall Na+ binding from 49% in SARC-1 and 37% in 7-Cerros under salinity to 87% in SARC-1 and 79% in 7-Cerros under salinity + silicon. It may also have resulted in decreased potentially toxic leaf sap Na+ concentration. The concentration of glutathione, an important antioxidant in plants, was increased due to the addition of Si under saline conditions. The salt-resistant wheat genotype SARC-1 was less Si-responsive in terms of shoot fresh weight, having a 39% increase compared with a 49% increase in 7-Cerros, as well as root fresh weight, having a 12% increase compared with a 22% in 7-Cerros. It is concluded that Si may have improved shoot growth of the salt-resistant as well as the salt-sensitive wheat genotype by decreasing plant Na+ uptake and shoot : root Na+ distribution as well as by increasing glutathione concentration. Silicon may have also improved in-plant Na+ detoxification by increasing cell-wall Na+ binding.
Models and Proposals for Malaria: A Review

Mathematical models to study the dynamics of malaria continue to be developed and upgraded on the parasite component, which is the causative agent for malaria; on the human component that serves as a reservoir of infection for the blood feeding female mosquitoes; on the disease transmitting vector, the component mostly responsible for the movement of the parasite agent from one human to another; or on the life cycle of the malaria parasite as a pathogen both within the human and vector populations. The consideration of so-far neglected features can be beneficial for the control of malaria.
The development of a biologically active additive to reduce the blood cholesterol level

The relationship between the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of flaxseed oil and the cholesterol-metabolizing activity of various strains of bifidobacteria was studied. The optimum dose of linseed oil in a nutrient medium for the cultivation of bifidobacteria was selected to provide high cholesterol destruction compared to the control. Of all the studied strains of bifidobacteria, the most pronounced destructive activity against cholesterol is displayed by the strain Bifidobacterium longum DK-100, which, with the biomass growth in a nutrient medium of linseed oil destroys 74% of the total cholesterol. When studying the fatty acid composition of the biomass of bifidobacteria, the oleic acid was found to predominate among monounsaturated fatty acids, and the α-linolenic acid to prevail among polyunsaturated fatty acids, that amounted to 44-45%. A decrease in the content of linolenic acid during the cultivation of bifidobacteria was noted, which is probably due to their participation of bifidobacteria in the metabolism. As a result of the studies, the optimum conditions for the cultivation of bifidobacteria were selected and the technological parameters of producing dietary supplements were justified.
Statistical Analysis of Yield Trials by AMMI and GGE: Further Considerations

Recent review articles in this journal have compared the relative merits of two prominent statistical models for analyzing yield-trial data: Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and genotype main effects and genotype × environment interaction (GGE). This review addresses more than 20 issues that require clarification after controversial statements and contrasting conclusions have appeared in those recent reviews. The AMMI2 mega-environment display incorporates more of the genotype main effect and captures more of the genotype × environment (GE) interaction than does GGE2, thereby displaying the which-won-where pattern more accurately for complex datasets. When the GE interaction is captured well by one principal component, the AMMI1 display of genotype nominal yields describes winning genotypes and adaptive responses more simply and clearly than the GGE2 biplot. For genotype evaluation within a single mega-environment, a simple scatterplot of mean and stability is more straightforward than the mean vs. stability view of a GGE2 biplot. Diagnosing the most predictively accurate member of a model family is vital for either AMMI or GGE, both for gaining accuracy and delineating mega-environments.
Reviews of the progress of Dairy Science: The bacteriological, chemical, biochemical and physical changes that occur in milk at temperatures of 100–150 °C

The temperature range in question is that which is used for the sterilization of milk. There are, in general, 2 temperature regions which are used for commercial processing, (i) 105-115 °C, used for the in-container sterilization of milk, and (ii) 135—150 °C, used in ultra-high-temperature (UHT) sterilization in continuous flow, with subsequent aseptic filling. A UHT pre sterilization process can also be used before an in-container process, so that the severity of the latter can be reduced. It has long been known that UHT processes cause less chemical change in milk, generally, than in-container processing for the same sterilizing effect. The difference is so marked that the 2 types of milk have been considered by many to be different, and to deserve different names. Such a distinction requires a simple, unambiguous test, and it was proposed by Pien (1972) that the Aschaffenburg turbidity test which depends on serum protein denaturation should be used for this purpose. Unfortunately, with the development of modified processes, and particularly with the trends towards indirect-heating UHT plants with high levels of regeneration, the turbidity test has been shown incapable of distinguishing between the 2 types of milk. An alternative test is therefore desirable. The purpose of the present review is not only to collect
Discrimination of the larger shoal in the poeciliid fish Girardinus falcatus

Two decades of comparative studies have shown that numerical abilities are widespread in the animal kingdom. In particular, the ability to select the larger of two quantities (known as the ability to go for “more”) has been found in apes, dolphins, birds and amphibians. This primary quantity discrimination has not been investigated in fish in a systematic way although several studies suggest that fish have the ability to distinguish among different-sized groups of conspecifics. We investigated the spontaneous choice for the larger of two shoals in female goldbelly topminnows (Girardinus falcatus) and compared two different methods to determine an efficient procedure for studying the numerical competence of fish. Female topminnows that were placed in a novel and potentially dangerous environment were found to choose the larger shoal suggesting that the capacity to go for “more” was similar to that observed in other non-verbal animals. The two methods proved not to be sensitive in revealing differences between the numerical contrasts, however, combining the results of the two experiments, we found that when groups differed in size by one individual, choice of the larger shoal was significantly above that predicted by chance up to a maximum of three fish in the larger shoal (i.e. 2 vs 1 and 3 vs 2 but not 4 vs 3 or larger). When presented with two shoals with a 1:2 numerical ratio, choice was significantly above chance in 4 vs 2 but not in 8 vs 4 comparisons.
The Trafficking of α1-Antitrypsin, a Post-Golgi Secretory Pathway Marker, in INS-1 Pancreatic Beta Cells*

A sulfated α1-antitrypsin (AAT), thought to be a default secretory pathway marker, is not stored in secretory granules when expressed in neuroendocrine PC12 cells. In search of a constitutive secretory pathway marker for pancreatic beta cells, we produced INS-1 cells stably expressing wild-type AAT. Because newly synthesized AAT arrives very rapidly in the Golgi complex, kinetics alone cannot resolve AAT release via distinct secretory pathways, although most AAT is secreted within a few hours and virtually none is stored in mature granules. Nevertheless, from pulse-chase analyses, a major fraction of newly synthesized AAT transiently exhibits secretogogue-stimulated exocytosis and localizes within immature secretory granules (ISGs). This trafficking occurs without detectable AAT polymerization or binding to lipid rafts. Remarkably, in a manner not requiring its glycans, all of the newly synthesized AAT is then removed from granules during their maturation, leading mostly to constitutive-like AAT secretion, whereas a smaller fraction (∼10%) goes on to lysosomes. Secretogogue-stimulated ISG exocytosis reroutes newly synthesized AAT directly into the medium and prevents its arrival in lysosomes. These data are most consistent with the idea that soluble AAT abundantly enters ISGs and then is efficiently relocated to the endosomal system, from which many molecules undergo constitutive-like secretion while a smaller fraction advances to lysosomes.
Leaf appearance rate and associated characters in some Mexican and Australian wheats

Three Mexican cultivars of high yield potential were compared in four field sowings with three Australian varieties of similar flowering time. The cultivars had different numbers of leaves on the main stem, associated mainly with differences in rate of leaf appearance rather than duration of leaf production. The Mexican cultivars produced leaves more quickly throughout growth, and this was repeated under glasshouse conditions. A fast rate of leaf appearance was associated with more spikelets and with faster tillering. Analysis of parental, F1, F2 and backcross populations of one cross showed leaf production rate to be under polygenic control with moderate heritability.
Digestible threonine to lysine ratio in diets for laying hens aged 24-40 weeks

Two-hundred sixteen white laying hens were used to assess the ideal ratio of digestible threonine:lysine in diets for laying hens at 24 to 40 weeks of age. Birds were assigned to a randomized block design, with six treatments, six replicates per treatment and six birds per experimental unit. The cage was used as the blocking criterion. Experimental diets contained different digestible threonine:digestible lysine ratios (65, 70, 75, 80, 85 and 90%) with 142 g/kg of crude protein. Experimental diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric with different contents of L-glutamic acid. Feed intake (g/hen/d), egg production (%), egg weight (g), egg mass (g/hen/d), feed conversion ratio (kg/dozen and kg/kg egg), eggshell weight (g), albumen weight (g), yolk weight (g) and body weight gain (g) were assessed. The maximum egg production was observed at 78% digestible threonine:digestible lysine ratio, while the best values of feed conversion ratio (kg/dozen egg) and feed conversion ratio (kg/kg of egg) were observed at 77.6% and 75%, respectively. Feed intake, egg mass and egg contents (yolk, albumen and eggshell) were not affected by treatments. The estimated digestible threonine:digestible lysine ratio of Hy-Line W36 laying hens at 24 to 40 weeks of age is 78%, corresponding to 5.70 g/kg of dietary digestible threonine.
Pengenalan Aksara Bali Menggunakan Metode Pyramid Histogram of Oriented Gradient

Aksara Bali terdiri dari 18 aksara dasar (biasa disebut aksara Wianjana) yang masing-masing terdiri atas 7 aksara vokal (pengangge suara). Penulisan aksara Bali dapat ditulis pada kertas ataupun daun tal yang sudah dikeringkan dan memiliki tekstur yang kasar serta mudah sobek sehingga membuat sulit dibaca. Maka dari itu, dibuat sistem yang dapat mengenali aksara Bali pada daun tal untuk membantu dapat membaca aksara Bali. Sistem ini dibangun menggunakan metode Pyramid Histogram of Oriented Gradient (PHOG) sebagai metode ekstraksi ciri. Dataset yang digunakan adalah dataset dari AMADI Lontar Set yang berupa gambar berjumlah 19.383 gambar dengan 133 kelas. Pada pengujian didapatkan nilai f1-score terbaik pada PHOG level 3 dengan 6 bin orientasi dan klasifikasi menggunakan SVM kernel linear yaitu sebesar 66.49% dan akurasi sebesar 81.35%.
Gallbladder Mixed Neuroendocrine-Non-Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A Case Report

The gallbladder Mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNEN) are extremely rare. The association of at least two components including one neuroendocrine tumor, and a non-neuroendocrine one defines MiNEN. We are reporting a case of 50-year-old woman referred to our department for management of a gallbladder tumor suspected on imaging. She undergone a cholecystectomy enlarged to the vesicular bed according to Gleen and hepatoduodenal lymphadenectomy. The histological examination conclude on MiNEN of the gallbladder; and the patient received adjuvant chemotherapy and she shows no sign of recurrence at 6 months.
Error induced by neglecting subgrid chemical segregation due to inefficient turbulent mixing in regional chemical-transport models in urban environments

Abstract. We employed direct numerical simulations to estimate the error on chemical calculation in simulations with regional chemical-transport models induced by neglecting subgrid chemical segregation due to inefficient turbulent mixing in an urban boundary layer with strong and heterogeneously distributed surface emissions. In simulations of initially segregated reactive species with an entrainment-emission configuration with an A–B–C second-order chemical scheme, urban surface emission fluxes of the homogeneously emitted tracer A result in a very large segregation between the tracers and hence a very large overestimation of the effective chemical reaction rate in a complete-mixing model. This large effect can be indicated by a large Damköhler number (Da) of the limiting reactant. With heterogeneous surface emissions of the two reactants, the resultant normalised boundary-layer-averaged effective chemical reaction rate is found to be in a Gaussian function of Da, and it is increasingly overestimated by the imposed rate with an increased horizontal scale of emission heterogeneity. Coarse-grid models with resolutions commensurable to regional models give reduced yet still significant errors for all simulations with homogeneous emissions. Such model improvement is more sensitive to the increased vertical resolution. However, such improvement cannot be seen for simulations with heterogeneous emissions when the horizontal resolution of the model cannot resolve emission heterogeneity. This work highlights particular conditions in which the ability to resolve chemical segregation is especially important when modelling urban environments.