Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wavelength correlation maps in Raman supercontinuum generation

Summary form only given. In the long pulse regime, supercontinuum (SC) generation is very sensitive to the input noise of the pump pulses resulting in poor coherence properties and stability [1]. Recently, the susceptibility of the dynamics to the input noise was shown to induce large shot-to-shot fluctuations when the initial stage of the SC mechanism is driven by modulation instability, leading to the generation of rare pulses with abnormally high intensity [2]. Recently, the noise amplification characteristics of modulation instability and subsequent stages of SC generation were observed in real time using a time-stretching technique which allows to capture single-shot SC spectra [2,3]. In this way, significant insight can be obtained into the SC dynamics that would be otherwise impossible to observe from average quantities, and indeed wavelength correlations in the SC have been shown to exhibit a rich structure that can be connected to the energy exchange dynamics along propagation [3]. Here, we report on the experimental investigation of the spectral correlations in the SC regime of cascaded stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) where a large number of Stokes orders are generated leading to the formation of a broadband SC spectrum. We launch 355 nm nanosecond pulses from a 10 kHz repetition rate Q-switched laser deep into the normal dispersion region of highly nonlinear fiber single-mode at the pump wavelength and above. These pulses lead to the generation of a SC whose dynamics are mainly dominated by cascaded SRS [1]. Using and a direct single-shot detection technique where the output end of the fiber is connected to the entrance aperture of a spectrograph with an ICCD camera mounted on the spectrograph exit aperture, we can capture the spectra produced by individual pulses. Significant variations are observed and the captured single-shot spectra allow us to study in detail the SC spectral correlation map at the fiber output as shown in Fig 1.The correlation map analysis reveal how the pump and all the Stokes orders are generally highly correlated except at the long wavelength edge of the mean spectrum, beyond 400 nm, where the Stokes lines appears to be somewhat anti-correlated with the lower Stokes orders. Such correlations are indicative of the energy exchange dynamics between the different cascaded Raman orders and allow to interpret the noise dependence between the different Stokes components. Specifically, the region of high correlations are indicative of the saturated regime of cascaded SRS with little wavelength jitter from noise effects whilst the unsaturated regime of SRS at the edge of the SC is associated with a region of anti-correlations and correspond to large shot-to-shot fluctuations. Similar correlation/anti-correlation features were recently observed in modulation instability dynamics using [4]. We anticipate the new type of correlation analysis reported here to provide new insights into the study of broadband nonlinear propagation dynamics and noise amplification processes.
A pectin glucuronyltransferase gene is essential for intercellular attachment in the plant meristem

Intercellular attachment is an essential process in the morphogenesis of multicellular organisms. A unique mutant, nolac-H18 (nonorganogenic callus with loosely attached cells), generated by T-DNA transformation using leaf-disk cultures of haploid Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, lost the ability to form tight intercellular attachments and adventitious shoots. The gene tagged with T-DNA, named NpGUT1 (glucuronyltransferase 1), was similar to the gene for the catalytic domains of animal glucuronyltransferases and was expressed predominantly in shoot and root apical meristems. The transformation of NpGUT1 complemented the nolac-H18 mutation, and the expression of antisense NpGUT1 RNA produced crumbled shoots. The mutation caused defects in the glucuronic acid of rhamnogalacturonan II of pectin, which drastically reduced the formation of borate cross-linking of rhamnogalacturonan II. NpGUT1, which encodes a unique glucuronyltransferase, is a glycosyltransferase gene identified in pectin biosynthesis and is essential for intercellular attachment in plant meristems and tissues.
Distortion analysis and equivalent impedance estimation of a class-D full-wave rectifier

The substantial increasing of switching devices utilization such as switching power converters, inverters, electronic ballast, UPS, and computer equipment, introduce harmonic distortion in supply systems because of their non-linear characteristics. The waveform distortion produces harmonics that not only increases power losses but also introduces a distortion power, which sums to time-average real and reactive power usually considered in linear circuits. Therefore, effects on harmonics must be considered in the circuit design. In this paper, the current distortion introduced by a Class-D full wave resonant rectifier used in a series-series compensation circuit for wireless power transfer is considered and a general approach to derive a rectifier equivalent impedance that consider the effect of distortion on the output power is presented.
Incidences linguistiques du contact entre dialectes ‘franciques’ et français dans le département de la Moselle

Lorsque l’on arrive en Moselle, on s’aperçoit vite que les habitants de ce département de l’Est de la France ont recours – tout en parlant français – à maints lexèmes et expressions diffi ciles à comprendre si l’on ne connaît pas l’un des dialectes appelés ‘Platt’, ‘patois’ ou ‘francique’ ou encore l’allemand. Ainsi, même à Metz, ville qui n’a jamais été dialectophone,1 on entend le verbe couatcher, du dialecte quatsche(n), signifi ant “bavarder”, ou on mange un ou une schneck, un “pain aux raisins en forme d’escargot”. Le contact entre les dialectes dits franciques et le français à l’intérieur même de la Moselle2, dont la complexité ne pourrait être traitée ici, entraîne en effet des infl uences très fortes du français sur les dialectes, et également, dans une moindre mesure, des dialectes germaniques sur le français parlé en Moselle-Lorraine. Ce sont les incidences du ‘francique’ sur le français dans le champ lexical et syntaxique qui feront l’objet du présent article.3
The early use of fibrinogen, prothrombin complex concentrate, and recombinant‐activated factor VIIa in massive bleeding

Coagulopathy related to massive bleeding has a multifactorial aetiology. Coagulopathy is related to shock and blood loss including consumption of clotting factors and platelets and hemodilution. Additionally hyperfibrinolysis, hypothermia, acidosis, and metabolic changes affect the coagulation system. The aim of any hemostatic therapy is to control bleeding and minimize blood loss and transfusion requirements. Transfusion of allogeneic blood products as well as the presence of coagulopathy cause increased morbidity and mortality.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR GENETICS OF ALCOHOL ADDICTION

Worldwide, in societies where moderate alcohol consumption is accepted as a pleasurable pastime and even an enhancer of health and well-being, it has historically been observed that a sizable minority is unable to keep within safe limits of consumption. Such individuals may abuse alcohol or become dependent. Alcoholism is today among the most pervasive psychiatric disorders. In the United States, the lifetime prevalence of alcohol dependence, the severe form of alcoholism, is 8% to 14% (1). The ratio of alcohol dependence to abuse is 1.5:1. Individuals often maintain a pattern of alcohol abuse without dependence for many years (2). Serious drinking frequently begins in adolescence, and approximately 40% of alcoholics develop their first symptoms of addiction between the ages of 15 and 19 years (3). As discussed in this chapter, heritability studies suggest that an individual’s genotype confers a particular level of vulnerability, or risk. Comparative studies across populations suggest that sociocultural factors determine differences in thresholds above which an individual is likely to go beyond social drinking and slip into abuse or addiction. Is the development of alcoholism due to a unique set of biochemical and neurobiological determinants or are the causes of addiction common to many substances? Are there preexisting behavioral traits that predispose to alcoholism? These are some of the questions addressed by this chapter.
Commentary on Nelson et al. (2015): Challenges of adopting and implementing effective alcohol policies.

before implementing it. A study of US Federal legislation on alcohol taxes [18] noted that some increases were initiated in the dead of night, not because public health advocates had made a convincing harm reduction case to the legislators but because the legislators needed to ﬁ nd more revenue. Nevertheless, alcohol tax increases save lives, whether the decisive rational is a public health agenda or an expedient strategy. This paper points to the ongoing challenge — also noted in the World Health Organization's (WHO) Global Alcohol Strategy [19] — of ﬁ nding and fostering leaders who make the bold choices. These leaders may turn out to be temporarily ahead of public opinion, but very much in touch with the pressing needs of their constituents and the most effective ways to reduce alcohol-related harm in the populations that they serve. Declaration of interests None.
14. Appropriateness of Colonoscopy: Screening for Colorectal Cancer in Asymptomatic Individuals 1

Colorectal cancer is an important component of the burden of disease in developed countries because it is widespread and has a high morbidity and mortality rate [1]. In Europe, the annual age-standardized incidence (world population) of colorectal cancer is between 20 and 45 per 100000 among males and between 15 and 30 per 100000 among females [2]. Incidence rates increase in a regular fashion with age [2 -4 ] . "Screening, in the context of colorectal cancer, identifies individuals who are more likely to have colorectal cancer or adenomatous polyps from among those without signs or symptoms of the disease" [1]. Screening may detect cancers at an early stage. If detected at an early stage, treatment may be curative and improve prognosis. Screening may be acceptable to many patients and general­ ly feasible in practice.
Empirical sea ice thickness retrieval during the freeze-up period from SMOS high incident angle observations

Sea ice thickness information is important for sea ice modelling and ship operations. Here a method to detect the thickness of sea ice up to 50 cm during the freeze-up season based on high incidence angle observations of the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite working at 1.4 GHz is suggested. By comparison of thermodynamic ice growth data with SMOS brightness temperatures, a high correlation to intensity and an anticorrelation to the difference between vertically and horizontally polarised brightness temperatures at incidence angles between 40 and 50° are found and used to develop an empirical retrieval algorithm sensitive to thin sea ice up to 50 cm thickness. The algorithm shows high correlation with ice thickness data from airborne measurements and reasonable ice thickness patterns for the Arctic freeze-up period.
Liver Transplantation for Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia: Report of the European Liver Transplant Registry

Background:Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) or Rendu-Osler-Weber disease is a rare disease characterized by the presence of arteriovenous malformations. Hepatic involvement can lead to life-threatening conditions. Material and Methods:Forty patients, reported to the European Liver Transplant Registry, were analyzed to define the role of liver transplantation in the treatment of the hepatic disease form. Indications for transplantation were classified according to Garcia-Tsao: cardiac failure (14 patients), biliary necrosis causing hepatic failure (12 patients), severe portal hypertension (5 patients), cardiac failure and biliary necrosis (6 patients), cardiac failure and portal hypertension (2 patients), and cardiac failure associated with biliary necrosis and portal hypertension (1 patient). Eighteen (81%) of 22 patients had pulmonary artery hypertension. Twelve (30%) patients had pretransplant hepatic interventions. Follow-up was complete for all patients with a mean of 69 months (range, 0–230 months). Results:One-, 5- and 10-year actuarial patient and graft survival rates are 82.5%. Six of the 7 pretransplant procedures performed on the hepatic artery were severely complicated. Cardiovascular function documented in 24 patients improved in 18 patients and remained stable in 5 patients; 1 patient died perioperatively of acute heart failure. Twenty-four (60%) patients had post-transplant complications, all but one occurring within the first 4 posttransplant months. Seven (17.5%) patients died perioperatively, 6 of them due to bleeding and 1 due to cardiac failure; 1 (2.5%) patient died late due to chronic rejection. There were 2 possible recurrences. Quality of life markedly improved in all 32 surviving patients. Conclusion:The results of the largest reported transplant series in the treatment of hepatic-based HHT are excellent. Elimination of hepatobiliary sepsis and reversal of cardiopulmonary changes dramatically improve quality of life of the recipients. LT should be proposed earlier in the course of symptomatic hepatic HHT presenting with life-threatening conditions. Palliative interventions, especially on the hepatic artery, should be avoided in view of their high (infectious) complication rate.
Ammonia oxidation rates and nitrification in the Arabian Sea

Nitrification rates, as well as the relationships between rates and ammonia oxidizer abundance (both archaeal and bacterial), were investigated in the Arabian Sea. Ammonia oxidation rates were measured directly using 15N‐NH4+stable isotope additions in gas‐impermeable, trace metal clean trilaminate bags (500 mL) at in situ temperature. Tracer incubations were performed at three stations at depths above, below, and within the oxycline of the open‐ocean oxygen minimum zone (OMZ). Ammonia oxidation rates were similar to previous open‐ocean measurements, ranging from undetectable to 21.6 ± 0.1 nmol L−1 d−1. The highest rates at each station occurred at the primary nitrite maximum (above the OMZ), and rates were very low at depths greater than 900 m. The abundances of both ammonia‐oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB) were estimated using theamoA gene by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Both AOA and AOB amoA were detected above, within, and below the OMZ, although the AOA were always more abundant than the AOB, by a factor of 35–216. Nitrification rates were not directly correlated to AOA or AOB amoA abundance. These rates offer new insight into the role of nitrification in the mesopelagic zone. The abundance of AOA amoA genes at 1000 m suggests that ∼50% of the microbial biomass could be autotrophic. Additionally, the integrated nitrification rate at depth implies that nitrification could consume most of the ammonium produced by the flux of organic carbon in the mesopelagic zone.
Influence of the nuclear medium on inclusive electron and neutrino scattering off nuclei

We present a model for inclusive electron and neutrino scattering off nuclei paying special attention to the influence of in-medium effects on the quasielastic scattering and pion-production mechanisms. Our results for electron scattering off {sup 16}O are compared to experimental data at beam energies ranging from 0.7 to 1.5 GeV. The good description of electron scattering serves as a benchmark for neutrino scattering.
Acute motor axonal neuropathy: A frequent cause of acute flaccid paralysis in China

In northern China, annual epidemics of acute‐onset flaccid paralysis diagnosed clinically as Guillain‐Barré syndrome have been recognized for at least 20 years. On the basis of an historical analysis of more than 3,200 patients, distinctvie features include most cases occurring during the summer months among children and young adults, most of whom reside in rural areas. Of 90 patients with acute flaccid paralysis, 88 had a distinctive pattern that shares clinical and cerebrospinal fluid findings with demyelinating Guillain‐Barré syndrome, but that differs from Guillain‐Barré syndrome physiologically and pathologically. The clinical course is marked by rapidly progressive ascending tetraparesis, often with respiratory failure, but without fever, systemic illness, or sensory involvement. Cerebrospinal fluid is acellular, and elevations of protein content occur in the second or third week of illness. Electrodiagnostic studies show normal motor distal latencies and limb conduction velocities, but reduced compound muscle action potential amplitudes. Sensory nerve action potentials and, when elicitable, F waves are within the range of normal. Recovery is usually good. Autopsy studies have shown Wallerian‐like degeneration of motor fibers. These studies establish that this is a distinctive syndrome, distinguishable from poliomyelitis and demyelinating Guillain‐Barré syndrome.
[Effects of econazole and clotrimazole on TXB2 and PGE2 production in calcimycin-stimulated neutrophils and arachidonic acid-stimulated platelets].

The effects of econazole and clotrimazole which are used as antifungal agents, on TXB2 and PGE2 production in calcimycin (A-23187)-stimulated rat pleural neutrophils and arachidonic acid (AA)-stimulated washing rabbit platelets were examined by radioimmunoassay. Econazole and clotrimazole 0.05-100 mumol.L-1 inhibited TXB2 production both in rat pleural neutrophils and in rabbit platelets with a dose-dependent manner. The most potent inhibition was found in rabbit platelets. At the concentration of 50 mumol.L-1, econazole and clotrimazole were sufficient to inhibit TXB2 production in rabbit platelets by up to 99% and 98% respectively. Econazole and clotrimazole 0.05-5 mumol.L-1 also increased PGE2 biosynthesis in rabbit platelets. But econazole and clotrimazole 50 mumol.L-1 reduced the PGE2 production in rabbit platelets to 11% and 37% of the amounts of 5 mumol.L-1 econazole and clotrimazole respectively. The results suggest that econazole and clotrimazole at lower concentration may have a selective inhibitory effect on thromboxane synthetase, at higher concentration they also inhibit cyclooxygenase.
Atrial selectivity of antiarrhythmic drugs

Abstract New antiarrhythmic drugs for treatment of atrial fibrillation should ideally be atrial selective in order to avoid pro‐arrhythmic effects in the ventricles. Currently recognized atrial selective targets include atrial Nav1.5 channels, Kv1.5 channels and constitutively active Kir3.1/3.4 channels, each of which confers atrial selectivity by different mechanisms. Na+ channel blockers with potential‐ and frequency‐dependent action preferentially suppress atrial fibrillation because of the high excitation rate and less negative atrial resting potential, which promote drug binding in atria. Kv1.5 channels are truly atrial selective because they do not conduct repolarizing current IKur in ventricles. Constitutively active IK,ACh is predominantly observed in remodelled atria from patients in permanent atrial fibrillation (AF). A lot of effort has been invested to detect compounds which will selectively block Kir3.1/Kir3.4 in their remodelled constitutively active form. Novel drugs which have been and are being developed aim at atrial‐selective targets. Vernakalant and ranolazine which mainly block atrial Na+ channels are clinically effective. Newly designed selective IKur blockers and IK,ACh blockers are effective in animal models; however, clinical benefit in converting AF into sinus rhythm (SR) or reducing AF burden remains to be demonstrated. In conclusion, atrial‐selective antiarrhythmic agents have a lot of potential, but a long way to go.
Animal Models in Peritoneal Dialysis: More Questions than Answers?

The development of an adequate animal model for peritoneal research remains an object of concern. In vivo peritoneal dialysis (PD) research is hampered by the large variety of available models that make interpretation of results and comparison of studies very difficult. Species and strain of experimental animals, method of peritoneal access, study duration, measures of solutetransport and ultrafiltration, and sampling for histology differ substantially among the various research groups. A collective effort to discuss the shortcomings and merits of the different experimental models may lead to a consensus on a standardized animal model of PD.
Organization of afferent and efferent pathways in the pudendal nerve of the female cat

Application of horseradish peroxidase to the pudendal nerve in the female cat labelled lumbosacral afferent and efferent neurons and their processes. Afferent axons entered the spinal cord primarily at the S1 and S2 segments and traveled rostrocaudally in Lissauer's tract and the dorsal columns. A distinctive component of the dorsal column projection was located at the lamina I‐dorsal column border as a densely labelled, compact bundle that distributed fibers to the dorsal horn at spinal levels near the segments of entry of the afferent axons. Afferent terminal labelling was located in the marginal zone, the intermediate gray matter, and the dorsal gray commissure in the lumbosacral and coccygeal spinal cord. A well‐defined terminal field restricted to the S1 and rostral S2 segments was present in the medial third of the nucleus proprius and substantia gelatinosa. Labelled motoneurons in Onuf's nucleus (S1 and S2) exhibited longitudinal dendrites that extended rostrocaudally within the nucleus and three groups of transverse dendrites that emanated periodically from the nucleus and passed to the ventrolateral funiculus, the intermediate gray, and the dorsal gray commissure. Components of the pudendal nerve that innervate the anal and urethral sphincters were also labelled by injecting HRP into the respective sphincter muscles. Motoneurons innervating the anal and urethral sphincters were located in the dorsomedial and ventrolateral divisions, respectively, of Onuf's nucleus. Afferent projections from the two sphincters were similar; the most prominent terminations were present in the marginal zone, intermediate gray, and dorsal gray commissure. These results are discussed with respect to the physiological function of the pudendal nerve and its relationship with sacral autonomic pathways.