Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spectral effects of UV on psoriasis

Ultraviolet B (UVB) is a highly effective, relatively safe, affordable and widely used therapeutic option for moderate psoriasis. Several types of UVB lamp are available to treat psoriasis, both broadband and narrowband, allowing a choice of spectral emission. However despite years of clinical use, the mechanism of action of UVB in clearing psoriasis remained incompletely understood. Moreover, there has been little insight into how the relative effectiveness of different UVB wavelengths linked to the mechanism of action, although it is known that the action spectrum for clearance of psoriasis differs from the action spectrum of erythema. This paper examines the existing literature from which our current treatments have evolved, and offers new insight into the use of keratinocyte apoptosis as a biomarker which may help to optimise UV treatment in the future. When combined with a systems biology approach, this potential biomarker may provide insight into which wavelengths of UV are the most effective in clearing psoriasis, allowing a more rational and potentially an individually tailored approach to optimising phototherapy for psoriasis.
SPONTANEOUS AND INDUCED COLOR-VARIATION OF THE HY STRAIN OF SERRATIA MARCESCENS

Since the elucidation of hereditary mechanisms is dependent largely on the observation of differences and similarities between parents and offspring, those species which exhibit conspicuous color-variations are often of great value in the perception and solution of genetic problems. For this reason bacteriologists have long recognized the usefulness of the fast growing, pigmented Serratia, and many observations have been made on spontaneous color changes in this species (reviewed by Bunting, 1946). The same properties make it potentially valuable for the investigation of induced mutations. Furthermore, since the organism grows readily on simple synthetic media and is capable of breaking down a very wide variety of organic compounds, it offers excellent material for genetic studies with biochemical mutants. Although neither sexual recombination nor transformation has yet been demonstrated in Serratia, the organism is a gram negative rod closely resembling the coliform bacteria morphologically and physiologically and may well exhibit comparable genetic behavior. It appears, therefore, to be a particularly useful species for the study of many of the genetic problems which are carried out to advantage with bacteria and which promise to shed light not only on microbial phenomena but also on basic genetic mechanisms. Serratia marcescens is the type species in the genus Serratia (Breed et al., 1948) and is reported to be the species used in most genetic studies made with Serratia. However, different strains in the American Type Culture Collection and in various laboratories throughout the country differ markedly in color, stability, morphology, and physiological reactions. At the present time
When Humans Using the IT Artifact Becomes IT Using the Human Artifact

Following Demetis & Lee (2016) who showed how systems theorizing can be conducted on the basis of a few systems principles, in this conceptual paper, we apply these principles to theorize about the systemic character of technology and investigate the role-reversal in the relationship between humans and technology. By applying systems-theoretical requirements outlined by Demetis & Lee, we examine conditions for the systemic character of technology and, based on our theoretical discussion, we argue that humans can now be considered artifacts shaped and used by the (system of) technology rather than vice versa. We argue that the role-reversal has considerable implications for the field of information systems that has thus far focused only on the use of the IT artifact by humans. We illustrate these ideas with empirical material from a well known case from the financial markets: the collapse ("Flash Crash") of the Dow Jones Industrial Average.
Polynomial Approximation of High-Dimensional Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman Equations and Applications to Feedback Control of Semilinear Parabolic PDEs

A procedure for the numerical approximation of high-dimensional Hamilton--Jacobi--Bellman (HJB) equations associated to optimal feedback control problems for semilinear parabolic equations is proposed. Its main ingredients are a pseudospectral collocation approximation of the PDE dynamics and an iterative method for the nonlinear HJB equation associated to the feedback synthesis. The latter is known as the successive Galerkin approximation. It can also be interpreted as Newton iteration for the HJB equation. At every step, the associated linear generalized HJB equation is approximated via a separable polynomial approximation ansatz. Stabilizing feedback controls are obtained from solutions to the HJB equations for systems of dimension up to fourteen.
Hormone replacement therapy after epithelial ovarian cancer treatment.

PURPOSE Our report deals with the presumed influence of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the recurrence of epithelial ovarian cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our study group consisted of 31 patients who had been treated for invasive epithelial carcinoma of the ovaries. In all the patients the primary treatment was surgery. The mean duration of follow-up was 55 months. All the patients received HRT with non-conjugated estrogens. The data were analyzed using analytical descriptive epidemiological methods. RESULTS The mean duration of HRT was 25 months, starting on average 18 months after completed therapy for ovarian cancer. Progression of the disease was established in 3 patients with advanced disease, 2 patients with moderately- and poorly-differentiated serous adenocarcinoma respectively, and in one patient with well-differentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma. The progression of ovarian cancer occurred 1, 2 and 10 months after the beginning of HRT. Two patients died due to progressive disease, while one patient is still alive with evidence of the disease. Eleven months after the beginning of HRT, one patient without evidence of ovarian cancer progression presented with a new primary cancer--carcinoma of the breast. CONCLUSIONS According to the results of our review study, HRT does not seem to have a noteworthy effect on the progression of epithelial carcinoma of the ovary. However, only further--carefully designed--prospective studies could provide more conclusive results.
COLLEGE ATHLETES’ PERCEPTIONS OF COACHING BEHAVIOURS: DIFFERENCES BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL AND TEAM SPORTS

Background. The aim of this research was to examine differences between athletes’ perception of coaching behaviors in individual and team sports. Methods. College athletes (N = 100) participated in the study. Three questionnaires were administered to the athletes: Demographic questionnaire, Leadership Scale for Sports and Negative Coaching Behavior Questionnaire. Results. The results of this study revealed the significant differences among athletes’ perception of coaching behaviors in individual and team sports. Individual athletes in this study gave higher ratings to training and instruction, social support and positive feedback leader behavior from their coaches. Also, athletes from individual sports had smaller scores on two dimensions and total score of negative coaching behavior questionnaire. Conclusion. Those findings suggest that the behavior of the coach directed towards improving the performance of athletes` was higher evaluated from athletes in individual sports. Further studies should provide more information about coaches’ behavior during the competitive.
Correlation of immunoblot type, enterotoxin production, and cytotoxin production with clinical manifestations of Clostridium difficile infection in a cohort of hospitalized patients

To determine whether strain-specific differences in immunoblot type, enterotoxin production, or cytotoxin production correlated with clinical presentation of Clostridium difficile infection, we evaluated isolates obtained from 428 prospectively studied hospitalized patients. Of 99 isolates available for immunoblot typing, 61 were recovered from asymptomatic carriers and 38 were from patients with C. difficile-associated diarrhea. Of 17 immunoblot types, the seven types comprising the majority of isolates (82 of 99; 83%) were variably associated with disease. Neither the presence of cytotoxin in the stool nor the production of cytotoxin or enterotoxin by isolates in vitro was significantly different for symptomatic versus asymptomatic patients. Selected host factors were more predictive of symptomatic disease than was the specific infecting C. difficile strain. These results suggest that variations in the clinical severity of C. difficile infection in different patients are not solely strain-specific phenomena related to immunoblot type or to the production of cytotoxin or enterotoxin.
Analysis of human tumors and human malignant cell lines for BK virus-specific DNA sequences.

Most humans in the United States have been infected with BK virus (BKV), a human papovavirus. Because BKV has oncogenic properties, we have investigated whether it may be a cause of human cancer. Basic principles of tumor virology imply that BKV-induced tumors should contain BKV DNA sequences. Therefore, we assayed (by molecular hybridization) DNA from human tumors and malignant cell lines for BKV DNA, using BKV [(32)P]DNA as probe. The BKV [(32)P]DNA was labeled in vitro (nick translation) to specific activities of 1 to 2 x 10(8) cpm/mug. The BKV DNA used to prepare our probes had the properties expected of authentic BKV genomes, including density of superhelical DNA, sedimentation velocity in alkaline and neutral sucrose gradients, production of one fragment by endonuclease EcoRI cleavage and four fragments by endonuclease Hin II + III cleavage and reassociation properties. From these studies we conclude that our BKV probes hybridized well, and represented bona fide BKV DNA. Using three different BKV [(32)P]DNA probes, i.e., from three distinct plaque isolates, we have analyzed DNA from BKV-transformed cells, normal human tissues, and a large number of human tumors. All human DNAs (cell lines, normal tissues, tumors) hybridized 5% with BKV DNA. Hybridization analysis of BKV-transformed hamster cell DNA indicated 5-6 copies of at least 88% of the BKV genome per cell. No BKV DNA sequences were detected (above the normal 5% hybridization to all human DNAs) in the following normal human tissues: 10 kidney (BKV is usually isolated from urine), 3 spleen, 13 lung, 23 colon, 2 rectum, 1 ileum, and 1 skin. No BKV-specific DNA was found in 166 tumors, including 5 carcinomas (Ca) of stomach, 3 Ca small intestine, 26 Ca colon, 9 Ca rectum, 31 Ca lung, 9 adenocarcinomas and 5 oat cell carcinomas of lung, 17 melanomas, 5 Ca prostate, 4 Ca bladder, 6 Wilms tumors, 4 hypernephromas, 15 Ca kidney, 7 brain tumors, 5 Hodgkin lymphomas, 10 lymphomas (immunosuppressed patients have a high incidence of lymphomas), 2 reticulum cell sarcomas (spleen), and 3 skin tumors. We have also analyzed 7 human malignant cell lines (melanoma, lung, rhabdomyosarcoma, and glioblastomas), including several clones of a lung melanoma line; no BKV DNA sequences were detected. Because our probes could detect one copy of BKV DNA if only 10% of the cells were tumor cells, our results are very strong evidence that the tumors we analyzed did not have a BKV etiology. The tumors we tested represent about 50% of all cancers in the United States; there is no evidence that BKV is involved in the etiology of these types of tumors.
Hypertensive Cerebral Hemorrhage. Demonstration of the Source of Bleeding

There have been many studies of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage and the associated microvascular abnormalities. The actual primary site of bleeding has probably never been identified. In the present study, a 2- × l-cm hypertensive thalamic hemorrhage was studied in its entirety using continuous 8-μm-thick serial sections and stained with Mallory's phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin stain. The site of bleeding was focal rupture of a thin-walled elongated aneurysmal dilatation of a small artery normally 180 μm in diameter. The dilatation was 5-mm long and 600 μm in diameter. At the proximal end of the dilatation, the feeding artery showed a typical hypertensive lipohyalinotic lesion. There was only 1 site of bleeding. It was concluded that the aneurysmal dilatation was a preformed intracerebral saccular aneurysm of unusual shape and size. Rupture occurred during the period of hypertension induced by the infusion of pitressin. The presence of the lipohyalinotic lesion is considered a coincidence. This is probably the first demonstration of the primary site of arterial rupture in a hypertensive hemorrhage. The source of bleeding in hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage has been studied over the years by many pathologists beginning with Charcot and Bouchard in 1868 (1). The most thorough investigations were by Matuoka in 1939 and 1952 (2, 3). It is probably correct to say, however, that despite the many studies of hypertensive brain hemorrhage, the actual primary site of bleeding has never been demonstrated. One of the main obstacles is the blood clot itself, which when fixed in formalin preparatory to making microscopic studies, becomes hardened to a degree that precludes a methodical microscopic study of the artery or arteries suspected of harboring the bleeding site. Another complicating factor is the development of secondary hemorrhages, “bleeding globes,” as a result of the mass effect of the main hemorrhage stretching and disrupting the surrounding …
PNPLA3-Associated Steatohepatitis: Toward a Gene-Based Classification of Fatty Liver Disease

Abstract Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is one of the most common hepatic disorders worldwide. Given the high-calorie nutrition of children and adults, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is expected to become a major cause of cirrhosis and eventually liver transplantation. Familial clustering and ethnic differences indicate that genetic factors contribute to NAFLD. Recently, the common variant p.I148M of the enzyme adiponutrin (PNPLA3) has emerged as a major genetic determinant of hepatic steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis as well as its pathobiological sequelae fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular cancer. PNPLA3 encodes a lipid droplet-associated, carbohydrate-regulated lipogenic and/or lipolytic enzyme. Homozygous carriers of the PNPLA3 variant are prone to develop cirrhosis in the absence of other risk factors such as alcohol or viral hepatitis. Here we review the plethora of studies that unraveled the association between PNPLA3 and NAFLD in children and adults, discuss its distinct effects on liver and metabolic traits, and introduce the term PNPLA3-associated steatohepatitis (PASH) as a novel gene-based liver disease. Given the prevalence of the risk allele in 40 to 50% of Europeans, the authors conclude that PNPLA3 should be considered in the diagnostic workup of fatty liver disease and that homozygous risk allele carriers might benefit from careful cancer surveillance.
OSU-03012 in the Treatment of Glioblastoma

In an article presented in this issue of Molecular Pharmacology, Yacoub et al. (p. 589) examine the actions of 2-amino-N{4-5-(2-phenanthrenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]phenyl}-acetamide (OSU-03012) on both primary and glioblastoma cell lines. The authors found that OSU-03012 could induce tumor cell death by itself but also acted as a strong sensitizing agent to radiotherapy-induced cell death. Glioblastoma cells were also more sensitive to this compound than nontransformed astrocytes. Radiation-induced cell death was refractory to small interfering RNA-directed inhibition of PDK1 but not OSU-03012. These results indicate that OSU-03012, which has been thought to primarily mediate antitumor effects via the inhibition of PDK1, has actions independent of PDK1. Furthermore, the authors demonstrated that the effects of OSU-03012 were independent of ERB-B1-vIII and PTEN expression. These are important findings because they start to identify a new mechanism to sensitize glioblastoma cells and also suggest that OSU-03012 could be combined with existing inhibitors to further sensitize tumor cells. In glioblastoma cells, OSU-03012 seemed to induce apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced PERK-dependent signaling. OSU-03012-induced death of the glioblastoma was only weakly suppressed by the pan-caspase inhibitor, N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp, suggesting that OSU-03012-induced cell death was largely caspase-independent. Overall, these are exciting results and suggest that new more effective treatment options may be obtainable for people suffering from these deadly tumors.
Quadrupolar stimulation for cochlear prostheses: modeling and experimental data

Cochlear implants are electrically driven in monopolar, bipolar, or common ground mode. Ideally, a quadrupolar mode is created with three colinear electrodes, where the outer poles are half the inverse polarity value of the center electrode. The resulting field is highly focused. Models of point sources show that the quadrupolar paradigm offers a greater choice of parameters to shape the field. Simulation with a lumped-parameter model of the cochlea confirms the focusing action of the quadrupole in the layers of the inner ear. Field measurements in saline solution and in the scala tympani of guinea pigs show that focusing occurs with the quadrupolar mode. It is conceivable that quadrupolar stimulation will affect the pitch place coding, reduce channel interaction and limit facial or tactile stimulation induced by current spread.
Diabetic ketoacidosis

Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital Boston, MA, USA School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK Department of Paediatrics, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK Endocrinology Service Department of Paediatric Medicine, KK Children’s Hospital, Singapore Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA Department of Pediatrics, Uddevalla Hospital, Uddevalla, Sweden
Security vulnerabilities in the Internet and possible solutions

The foundation of today's Internet is the TCP/IP protocol suite. Since the time when these specifications were finished in early 1980's, the Internet has grown from a network connecting a small community of researchers to its present state a huge global network connecting people of all types. The TCP and IP protocols were designed assuming the users trusted each other and lacks many features desirable in an insecure network. The widespread availability and use of Internet has exposed many of the security flaws in these basic building blocks.
In vitro screening of drug metabolism during drug development: can we trust the predictions?

Due to the importance of drug metabolism for drug action, side effects, interactions and interindividual differences, in vitro assays of drug metabolism are widely employed during drug development. Validation of the in vitro systems is still in a rather elementary stage, but some tentative conclusions about their performance for predicting various important in vivo characteristics of drugs can be attempted. So far, prediction of drug–drug interactions on the basis of in vitro screens has been advanced to a relatively reliable level. Prediction of other important characteristics, such as metabolic stability and consequent half-life and dosage schedule, or induction potential, is less reliable. Although metabolite profiles and participating enzymes are predicted quite accurately with advanced analytical techniques, an important problem here is the lack of reliable methods to detect reactive metabolites or products, which may be of significance regarding toxicity.
Feature enhancement for classifier optimization and dimensionality reduction

Voice is important for professionals like speakers, teachers, actors, singers and it is the important tool for communication. Laryngeal pathologies induce perturbations in the speech signal. Speech signal is discriminated as pathological or healthy based on roughness - breathiness - hoarseness (RBH) in the quality of signal. In recent years pattern recognition along with various signal processing techniques has emerged as an effective non invasive tool for diagnosis of pathological condition. Signal processing techniques tend to generate large number of features representing the signal. Automatic feature reduction techniques are vital in identifying the relevant features and eliminating the redundant ones. We extract features from speech signal using the acoustic analysis. Features are enhanced by alleviating gender bias. Periodic variations in the signal are captured using statistical techniques. We investigate intelligent system to generate reduced feature subset with improvement in diagnostic performance.
Thrombin Interactions with Cultured Fibroblasts: Relationship to Mitogenic Stimulation a

The mitogenic action of thrombin was first described by Chen and Buchanan in studies on cultured chick embryo fibroblasts. ' Since then, several investigators have shown that thrombin can stimulate the division of a variety of cultured early passage fibroblast-like cells. **' This response to thrombin is frequently lost as cells are serially subcultured;' in fact, many established cell lines are not responsive to its mitogenic a ~ t i o n . ~ Although it is difficult to design experiments to directly test the physiological functions of thrombin-stimulated cell division, it is usually assumed that it plays a role in tissue repair because thrombin is produced at sites of tissue injury. Studies on the mitogenic mechanism of thrombin have been facilitated by the ability of highly purified thrombin to stimulate cells in serum-free medium, permitting studies under chemically defined conditions. Early studies to probe the requirements for thrombin-stimulated cell division revealed that cellular internalization of thrombin is not necessary? In addition, the proteolytic activity of thrombin is required for cell activation inasmuch as thrombin derivatized at the catalytic site serine with a diisopropylphospho-group (DIP)-thrombin is not mitogenic6 Together, these results lead to the conclusion that cleavage of one or more cell-surface proteins is necessary for thrombin-stimulated cell division. The finding that cell-surface action of thrombin is sufficient for mitogenic stimulation' has prompted detailed studies on the mechanisms by which it interacts with responsive cells. These studies, summarized below, have revealed that the binding of thrombin differs significantly from the binding of other transmembrane signaling polypeptides.