Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Student International Community of Practice: a critical reflection on the shared experience of being a member, using creative hermeneutics

Background: The Student International Community of Practice is a global network of more than 30 doctoral candidates affiliated with the Centre for Person-centred Practice Research, at Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh. An ongoing challenge the community faces is its changing and growing membership; as members progress and complete their doctoral studies they leave the group, and as the centre grows new community members (doctoral candidates) join. Aim: To explore and describe the experience of being a member of the Student International Community of Practice, using a creative process of reflection and collaborative analysis, and to identify the implications for the future of the community and the integration of new members. Conclusion: The Student International Community of Practice is a valuable social learning experience for those who are members. It will continue to be a flourishing safe space if, despite its changing membership, we pay explicit attention to our agreed purpose, ways of working and values. Implications for practice/academic research: • Belonging to a sustainable and flourishing community of practice enhances learning, and decreases isolation and loneliness on the doctoral journey • A community of practice is sustainable when it is underpinned by a clear purpose, agreed ways of working and values, to which all members consistently pay explicit attention
Utility of Dynamic‐Landscape Metapopulation Models for Sustainable Forest Management

Abstract: We evaluated the utility of combining metapopulation models with landscape‐level forest‐dynamics models to assess the sustainability of forest management practices. We used the Brown Creeper (Certhia americana) in the boreal forests of northern Ontario as a case study. We selected the Brown Creeper as a potential indicator of sustainability because it is relatively common in the region but is dependent on snags and old trees for nesting and foraging; hence, it may be sensitive to timber harvesting. For the modeling we used RAMAS Landscape, a software package that integrates RAMAS GIS, population‐modeling software, and LANDIS, forest‐dynamics modeling software. Predictions about the future floristic composition and structure of the landscape under a variety of management and natural disturbance scenarios were derived using LANDIS. We modeled eight alternative forest management scenarios, ranging in intensity from no timber harvesting and a natural fire regime to intensive timber harvesting with salvage logging after fire. We predicted the response of the Brown Creeper metapopulation over a 160‐year period and used future population size and expected minimum population size to compare the sustainability of the various management scenarios. The modeling methods were easy to apply and model predictions were sensitive to the differences among management scenarios, indicating that these methods may be useful for assessing and ranking the sustainability of forest management options. Primary concerns about the method are the practical difficulties associated with incorporating fire stochasticity in prediction uncertainty and the number of model assumptions that must be made and tested with sensitivity analysis. We wrote new software to help quantify the contribution of landscape stochasticity to model prediction uncertainty.
Research on Text Representation Method Based on Improved TF-IDF

According to the different importance degree between feature and text, this paper proposes a method of improved traditional TF-IDF algorithm according to the position information of the words and the ability to distinguish the texts, and proposes a text representation method based on improved TF-IDF and the corresponding word vector calculation method. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is proved by experiments.
A General Perspective of Microbiota in Human Health and Disease

The study of human microbiome is widely perceived to be a young biomedical discipline. Recent studies indicate an association between human microbiome and chronic disease conditions such as diabetes and obesity. An understanding of human microbiome structure and function is important for design and delivery of microbial based therapies especially against immunological and metabolic chronic diseases. In this review, we demonstrate the role human microbiota in health and disease in various anatomic sites and in development of neonate immunity. In particular, the review focuses on the role of placental microbiota in fetoplacental unit receptivity and the effect of early microbiota exposure on neonate immunity development. Additionaly, microbiota impact on health and disease in the gut, lung and skin is explored.
Report to the International Committee on Nomenclature of Bacteria by the “Subcommittee on Moraxella and Allied Bacteria,” November 1966

SUMMARY An earlier ad hoc committee of the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Nomenclature of Bacteria (ICNB) on “Study of nomenclature and taxonomy of Bacterium anitratum, the Moraxellae the and allied organisms” was replaced by a subcommittee on taxonomy of the ICNB and named “Subcommittee on anitratum, and Allied Bacteria. ” The objectives of the subcommittee are reviewed and the members listed.
Epigenetic regulation of phenylethanolamine N‐methyltransferase: implications for adrenaline biosynthesis

Adrenaline, a neurohormone and neurotransmitter, plays an extensive role in the physiological response to stress, and the sympathetic regulation of blood pressure. Phenylethanolamine N‐methyltransferase (PNMT), the terminal enzyme in the catecholamine biosynthetic pathway, directly responsible for adrenaline synthesis, is elevated in hypertensive animals; genetic linkage studies have associated the PNMT gene to the development of hypertension. Epigenetic changes are heritable changes in gene expression that are a consequence of the modification of the DNA (methylation at CpG sites) or histones (e.g. by methylation, acetylation) that facilitate packaging the DNA into nucleosomes. Changes in the epigenome have been associated with incidences of cancer, metabolic disorders and cardiovascular pathologies. In this study, alteration in PNMT expression modifiable by epigenetic regulation was examined using the rat adrenal pheochromocytoma derived PC12 cells. In vitromethylation of a PNMT promoter driven luciferase construct, using CpG methylases, consequently lead to a radical decrease in promoter activation, even in presence of dexamethasone (Dex) or Forskolin (Fsk), otherwise potent activators of PNMT expression. Further, the influence of a DNA methylation inhibitor 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (5aza2DC), and histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) was examined. Transcript analysis of endogenous PNMT, and PNMT promoter driven luciferase assays, both revealed that PNMT transcription is elevated in presence of these epigenetic modifiers, and these compounds can interact with the activation by Dex or Fsk to modulate PNMT expression. The extent of CpG methylation at the promoter of PNMT using bisulphite‐sequencing, and transcription factor binding sites that are sensitive to epigenetic modification using site directed mutagenesis, are currently being examined. The data suggests that PNMT regulation is sensitive to epigenetic modification which can have repercussions for adrenaline biosynthesis, and consequently on its role as a neurotransmitter.
Re-Oxidation of ZnO Clusters Grown on HOPG

This article studies the chemical interaction between ZnO and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite for as grown and thermally treated samples. In-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ex-situ Raman spectroscopy confirm that graphite is affected by these processes, becoming oxidized and defective only in the presence of ZnO clusters that become recrystallized upon thermal re-oxidation processes performed at 400 °C. By comparing these results with other identical experiments performed with ZnO clusters grown on graphene and even with CoO clusters grown on graphite, the present results show how the interaction of the ZnO clusters with graphitic substrates depend on two factors—firstly, the mode of growth and corresponding morphology, and secondly, the reactivity of the graphitic substrates, either graphene or graphite. The results presented here will help us understand the fundamental interactions in ZnO/graphitic heterostructures and to define their operating limits.
End-use quality of six hard red spring wheat cultivars at different irrigation levels

Moisture stress is an environmental factor that may influence end-use quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of moisture stress on end-use quality of hard red spring wheat cultivars differing in adaptation to moisture stress. Six hard red spring wheat cultivars were grown in 1992 and 1993 near Aberdeen, ID under a tine-source irrigation system used to apply differential amounts of water during the period from tillering through anthesis. Protein content, flour yield, dough rheological properties, and breadmaking quality of grain were evaluated across differential levels of moisture stress. Cultivar effects accounted for more variation in end-use quality than cultivar x irrigation interactions. Cultivars differed in magnitude of end-use quality response to moisture stress applied through anthesis, which changed cultivar rankings for flour protein, flour yield, mixograph peak height, mixograph tolerance, mixing time, and loaf volume. Differences in the relationship of loaf volume to protein were observed among cultivars. Identification of cultivars with stable end-use quality requires evaluation across a range of protein contents, which are produced by differential soil moisture availability.
Non-performing Assets and Profitability: Case of Indian Banking Sector

At present, the Indian banking sector is facing an arduous time in the form of an increasing trend in non-performing assets (NPAs), which is testing its strength and resilience. The present study aims to explore the NPA–profitability relationship for the Indian banking sector, so as to determine the gravity of the impact that NPAs have on bank profitability. Further, other bank-specific, industry-specific and macroeconomic factors impacting banking profits have been taken under consideration. A balanced panel data set comprising 37 scheduled commercial banks of India over a time frame of 14 years (2005–2018) has been used for the purpose of required analysis. Conclusions have been drawn employing fixed effect and random effect panel regression models. Due to the presence of heteroskedasticity, results for robust standard error have been reported. A highly negative correlation exists between NPA and the two profitability measures return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). The results of this study have established NPA as the major detractor of banking industry’s profits because NPA carries the most negative regression coefficient which is highly significant. It implies that declining credit quality hampers banks’ performance and leads to their collapse.
Reduced Mitochondrial Ribosomal Protein Expression impairs Oxidative Phosphorylation and Apoptosis in ER/PR(+) Breast Cancer Cell lines

Remodeling of energy metabolism is described as one of the major hallmarks of cancer and contributes to its heterogeneity and survival in a dynamic environment with reduced nutrient and oxygen levels. Defects in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) can also cause a switch in energy metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, referred to as the Warburg effect. Mitochondrial translation plays a crucial role in the biogenesis of OXPHOS complexes by synthesizing 13 mitochondrially‐encoded subunits of complexes I, III, IV, and V (ATP synthase). Interestingly, the changes in expression of mitochondrial translation components and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of their corresponding genes have been associated with breast cancer. In this study, we studied the expression of OXPHOS components in 34 ER/PR (+) breast tumors. We found that the changes in the expression of mitochondrial ribosomal proteins (MRPs) contribute to the remodeling of oxidative energy metabolism and deregulation of apoptosis in breast cancer. We also investigated the expression of the pro‐apoptotic MRPs DAP3 and MRPS30 and their contribution to energy metabolism and apoptosis in ER/PR (+) breast tumors and cell lines. Our results showed reduced expression of both protein and impaired mitochondrial translation and therefore OXHOS. In the meantime, their ectopic expression resulted in increased apoptosis in ER/PR (+) MCF7 cell lines. We believe that a good understanding the role of MRPs in remodeling of energy metabolism and apoptosis will be essential in characterization of heterogeneity in breast tumors at molecular levels.
Phytoplankton productivity response to nutrient concentrations, light availability and temperature along an Australian estuarine gradient

Phytoplankton productivity and the factors that influence it were studied in the Logan River and southern Moreton Bay, a large embayment on the east coast of Australia. Phytoplankton productivity, dissolved and total nutrient concentrations, and turbidity were determined throughout high and low rainfall periods to characterize light and nutrient influences on productivity. Turbidity and nutrient concentrations were highest at upriver sites, but productivity was highest at the river mouth and within the river plume. Phytoplankton productivity peaked after rainfall events (>150 mg C m−3 h−1), commensurate with a decrease in dissolved nitrogen concentrations. Productivity responses to increased nutrient concentrations and light availability were determined in laboratory incubations. During summer, productivities at the bay sites were stimulated by nitrogen (N) enrichment, while productivities at upriver sites were stimulated by phosphorus (P) addition. Light stimulation of productivities was more pronounced at upriver sites than bay sites. The relative magnitude of nutrient and light stimulation of productivities indicate a predominance of light limitation upriver, significant N limitation within the Logan River plume, and little effect of light, N, or P at sites beyond the Logan River plume. Productivity decreased with seasonal decreases in temperature. Lower water temperatures in winter probably helped determine maximum rates of phytoplankton productivity. The combination of light and N limitation of productivity during summer, and temperature limitation during winter, account for low areal productivities (<0.6 g C m−2 d−1), compared with other rivers and estuaries worldwide.
The allometry of reproductive biomass in response to land use in Tibetan alpine grasslands.

Summary 1Reproductive biomass (RB) is a key component of plant life history. Because RB is allometric, it remains unclear whether the observed variations of RB in response to land use are driven only by a size dependency effect or if the partitioning of plant biomass may also shift independently of plant size. This question has not been addressed for all the main component species of a given plant community. 2Here, we report the results of a 3-year experimental study conducted in Tibetan alpine grasslands. The above-ground vegetative biomass (VB) and the RB of 32 species were measured during 2 years in control, grazed and fertilized plots. We estimated the allometric slope and intercept for 301 VB–RB bivariates, using type II regression analyses in order to disentangle size-dependent and size-independent effects of treatment on RB. 3Our results indicate significant changes in the VB–RB allometric slope for 26 out of 102 cases in grazed plots, and 16 out of 88 cases in fertilized plots. Moreover, in cases where slopes were not affected by treatment, a significant change in the allometric intercept was found in 50% of the models. For these cases, intercepts – which are indicative of the biomass invested in reproductive parts for a given VB – generally increased in grazed plots and decreased in fertilized plots. 4Grazing and fertilization triggered a significant decreases or increases in the plant size for species, especially graminoids. However, we found no relationship between changes in allometric coefficients and magnitude of the biomass response. 5At the interspecific level, the intercept, but not the slope, of the allometric VB–RB relationships was significantly affected by land use. Graminoids and forbs responded similarly to treatment. 6Synthesis. We conclude that (i) size-dependent effects did not explain all the changes observed in RB following grazing and fertilization in alpine grasslands, and that (ii) changes in allometric intercept explained most of the size-independent variations both at the intra- and interspecific level. We discuss why size-independent changes in RB could be important for plant performance in changing environments.
The effects of marine reserve protection on the trophic relationships of reef fishes on the Great Barrier Reef

What are the effects of no-take marine reserves on trophic relationships of coral reef fish? Previous studies often have lacked detailed dietary information on major predators, and have often been confounded by differences in habitat complexity between reserve and fished sites. This study investigates the effects of marine reserve protection on predator-prey interactions of coral reef fish on the inshore islands of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). The abundance of species of prey fish of Plectropomus leopardus (Serranidae), a piscivore and the major target of the hook and line fisheries on the GBR, were estimated in protected and fished zones. These prey species were identified from previous detailed studies of the diet of P. leopardus. Fish populations and habitat characteristics were surveyed by underwater visual census. Previous studies had determined that the biomass of P. leopardus was 3–4 times higher in protected than fished zones in the Whitsunday and Palm Islands, central GBR, after 14 years of protection. Eight of the nine prey species had a higher density within fished zones than protected zones, six significantly so. The density of all prey fish was twice that in the fished than the protected zone (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in availability of different sized refuge holes, structural complexity or live coral cover between zones. Thus, important attributes of habitat complexity did not confound the comparisons between reserve and fished zones. Finally, a significant negative correlation (r = 0.46) between coral trout biomass and summed prey fish biomass suggested that predation may be an important structuring process in this system. The results have implications for the conservation of fishery targets and their prey. The study highlights the potential ecosystem implications of the use of no-take marine reserves as conservation and fisheries management tools.
Chapter 6: Mechanical Regimes of Hydrothermal Gold Mineralization

Pore fluid pressure and differential stress are among the most important controls on the mechanical behavior of mineralizing systems. Their separate influences can be readily identified on failure mode diagrams, which show failure envelopes for pore fluid factor, or pore fluid pressure at failure, against differential stress. The effect of the intermediate principal stress can be shown on such diagrams by using a failure criterion that includes all three principal stresses, such as the Murrell extension to the Griffith criterion. The effect is apparent from the significant variation of the position of the failure envelope as a function of the ratio between the three principal stresses, which is therefore another important control on failure. Characteristic regimes for different gold deposit types occur as distinctive fields on failure mode diagrams. Carlin, Epithermal and Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide deposit types have low absolute pore fluid pressures. Iron Oxide Copper Gold, Intrusion Related Gold and Porphyry deposits encompass low to intermediate values of pore fluid pressure, while the field of Lode Gold deposits may extend to the highest pore fluid pressures. Lode Gold, IOCG and Epithermal deposit types may have the largest values of differential stress. Carlin and VMS deposits are associated with normal stress regimes: the other deposit types may have structures that that formed in either normal or reverse stress regimes. Exploring the effects of the stress ratio, and refining these currently broadly-defined regimes for the mechanics of mineralization, are important future directions for research.
Face Expression Recognition Based on Deep Learning

Nowadays, the information technology such as artificial intelligence (AI) and the cloud classroom have been increasingly introduced to improve the quality of modern education. It is well known that teachers can adjust the teaching mode through the interactive performance of students in the classroom. For example, if many students show surprise expressions on their faces, it means that students may not understand what the teacher is talking about, and the teacher needs to slow down the rhythm and explain the knowledge point carefully. For another example, if students present positive expressions, it means that the teacher has mobilized the atmosphere of the classroom well and should keep this good teaching style to make students be interested in this subject. All in all, face expression recognition is quite useful in the modern society.
Density-Dependent Juvenile Mortality in Marine Demersal Fish

We examine the hypothesis that population variability is created and regulated in the juvenile stage for demersal marine fish. Juvenile mortality is examined for 17 populations of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), whiting (Merlangius merlangus), plaice (Pleuronectes platessa), yellowtail flounder (Pleuronectes ferrugineus), and sole (Solea vulgaris) in the North Sea, Irish Sea, Barents Sea, Baltic Sea, and Northwest Atlantic. A latent variable covariance analysis of recruitment time series with measurement error is used to test hypotheses. We found strong evidence of density-dependent mortality within cohorts during the juvenile stage for cod, plaice, sole, and whiting; density-dependent mortality appears to be related to the log of juvenile abundance. There is evidence of negative autocorrelation between adjacent cohorts of cod; this pattern is consistent with density-dependent mortality between adjacent cohorts. The autocorrelations are positive for the flatfish examined.
On the leaf litter community of the Amazonian blackwater stream Tarumazinho

ABSTRACT A study of the benthic leaf litter community of the Tarumazinho, a central Amazonian stream (03° S, 60° W) is presented. This small tributary of the Rio Negro is of the blackwater type with a very low nutrient content. The sampling stations were towards the mouth of the tributary where it flowed through annually inundated forest and the work was carried out during the low water season. Previous studies concluded that these acid waters were of very low productivity and held impoverished faunas. However, this study showed that leaf litter banks held a diverse aquatic community of unexpectedly high biomass. This was because the banks supplied food and shelter and were available during the low water period when other habitats had dried out. The macrofauna was dominated by fish and shrimps. From an examination of gut contents a food web was produced. Primary consumers were found to take mainly detritus and fungi and it was concluded that allochthonous inputs were the main source of energy and nutrients. No feeding specialists were found and all the predators took prey from more than one trophic level.