Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Consideration of the Restrictive Route Search Using the Location Information in Ad-hoc Network

Ad-hoc network is expected as a network in place of the cellular network, has been researched widely. The development of routing protocol is one of the problems in an ad-hoc network. Since the flooding packets cause decrease of performance of the network, wasteful communications should refrain. FORP(Flow Oriented Routing Protocol) is one of routing protocols in Ad-hoc network, which uses the mobility information(e.g. location, speed and direction), and chooses the longest expiration route for source and destination pairs. In the flooding of the route search, the packets explode, as the number of nodes increases in the service area. However, FORP doesn’t take explosion-control. In this paper, we discuss the effect to the destruction of extra control packets in the route search using the mobility information.
Situation Assessment for Mobile Robots

Mobile robots have become a mature technology. The first cable guided logistics robots were introduced in the industry almost 60 years ago, but in this time the market has only experienced a very modest growth. However, considering the achievements in research the last 15 years within perception and operation in natural environments together with the reductions of costs in modern sensor systems, the growth potential for mobile robot applications are enormous. Many new technological components are available to move the limits of commercial mobile robot applications, but a key hindrance is reliability. Natural environments are complex and dynamic, and thus the risk of robots misinterpreting the environment or failing to detect critical circumstances is unavoidable. To deal with this challenge, the control of robot applications must be able to handle imperfect observations and gracefully recover from unavoidable errors. The controller needs to know what is going on. This thesis addresses exactly this problem from the hypothesis that an assessment of the situation for the robot, will be able to contribute with essential knowledge to the robot control and enable the understanding of the current situation as well as predict the future status. A novel framework for situation modeling are presented, which applies an Extensible Markov Model (EMM) to represent the spatio-temporal nature of situations. On-line data-streams from the robot sensors and algorithms are processed using stream-based clustering to build the spatio-temporal structure or match the situation of the robot to existing states. Situation prediction is proposed using an on-line graph-search of maximum likelihoods in the EMM. The developed software modules are integrated in a new software architecture, which facilitates integration into any robotic control framework and uses on-line visualization of the spatio-temporal graphs to optimize situation classification. The results are evaluated in three real-world scenarios, which successfully evaluates capabilities of the proposed situation assessment framework within detection of known spatio-temporal relations, deviation from known spatio-temporal patterns, and detection of known critical situations.
Building Distributed Database Application in Training Management

: Currently, the majority of the training management systems of the University and the College are built in the centralized database model, database is stored in a server and all operations as module registration, imported scores from the Training Department or course management of teachers, etc. are accessed directly to the same server and they can cause overload processor for the server, and have reduced performance and sometimes affected the safety of system. So in this paper, we research and build the distributed database model as well as proposal of the distributed database model in training management and synchronization solution.
The Visualized Textual Mining Research of R & D in Internatinal Enterprizes Based on Co-word Analysis

Oriented technology RD is the basis of R D in the international enterprises.Science Technology(ST) text mining is used to extract technical intelligence from the open source global anthrax research literature.IBM Co.RD literature infrastructure(prolific authors,key journals/ institutions/countries)is obtained with bibliometrics and literature of the co-
Enhancing medical images with high quality blood flow information

Cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and aneurysms are the leading cause of mortality in developed countries. Their pathogenesis and development are complex and multifactorial, depending on a variety of biochemical and biomechanical factors and are still not completely understood. Local haemodynamics are increasingly recognised as a key component to the disease initiation process and yet there is a lack of efficient tools for imaging such processes in-vivo, leading to a gap in diagnostic capabilities and limited research possibilities. The traditional way of obtaining detailed patient-specific flow information is to use computational fluid dynamics based on geometries and boundary conditions acquired via medical imaging modalities. However, this approach has several major drawbacks: most importantly it requires long runtimes, making it impractical in the clinical environment and it also uses only very little of the available measurement data. The objective of this thesis is to investigate the enhancement of medical images with high-quality blood flow information and to propose a novel, clinically applicable approach. The contributions of this thesis are severalfold. Preliminary work concentrates on several aspects of computational blood flow simulations, with the objective of improving their application to patient-specific blood flow modelling. An efficient surface mesh generation algorithm is proposed, which significantly increases the quality of surface representations as generated from medical imaging volumes. Much attention is focussed on flow simulation tools and novel implementations of a finite volume and a finite element solver are introduced and compared one to another, providing insights into design decisions for patient-specific biomedical flow simulations. A further contribution is a fluid structure interaction simulation which studies the difference in biomechanical forces exerted on a healthy and an aneurysmal abdominal aortic bifurcation. In this
Dynamic thermo-poro-mechanical analysis of catastrophic landslides

In this paper a dynamic analysis is presented of the early stages of an earth slide, considering two mechanically coupled substructures: (a) the rapidly deforming shear band at the base of the slide, and (b) the accelerating (rotating) rigid body. This is done by exploiting the concepts of frictional rate softening and thermo-poro-mechanical softening of the soil, and by modifying the friction-circle method of Taylor (1948). First the equations are summarised that govern the phenomenon of heat-generated pore pressures inside a rapidly deforming shear band, and then the estimates for the various material parameters that enter the governing equations are critically discussed. In particular an attempt is made to adjust these material parameters to existing experimental data and to the properties of the clay soil responsible for the Vaiont slide of October 1963. The numerical analysis of the governing equations for the two mechanically coupled substructures leads to the following conclusions. The accelerated .
SEDIMENT TRANSPORT TO THE LAPTEV SEA - HYDROLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE LENA RIVER

This study focuses on the fluvial sediment input to the Laptev Sea and concentrates on the hydrology of the Lena basin and the geochemistry of the suspended particulate material. The paper presents data on annual water discharge, sediment transport and seasonal variations of sediment transport. The data are based on daily measurements of hydrometeorological stations and additional analyses of the SPM concentrations carried out during expeditions from 1975 to 1981. Samples of the SPM collected during an expedition in 1994 were analysed for major, trace, and rare earth elements by ICP-OES and ICP-MS. Approximately 700 km3 freshwater and 27 times 106 tons of sediment per year are supplied to the Laptev Sea by Siberian rivers, mainly by the Lena River. Due to the climatic situation of the drainage area, almost the entire material is transported between June and September. However, only a minor part of the sediments transported by the Lena River enters the Laptev Sea shelf through the main channels of the delta, while the rest is dispersed within the network of the Lena Delta. Because the Lena River drains a large basin of 2.5 times 106 km2, the chemical composition of the SPM shows a very uniform composition. In contrast, smaller rivers with more restricted catchment areas exhibit significant differences.
Object tracking with hierarchical multiview learning

Abstract. Building a robust appearance model is useful to improve tracking performance. We propose a hierarchical multiview learning framework to construct the appearance model, which has two layers for tracking. On the top layer, two different views of features, grayscale value and histogram of oriented gradients, are adopted for representation under the cotraining framework. On the bottom layer, for each view of each feature, three different random subspaces are generated to represent the appearance from multiple views. For each random view submodel, the least squares support vector machine is employed to improve the discriminability for concrete and efficient realization. These two layers are combined to construct the final appearance model for tracking. The proposed hierarchical model assembles two types of multiview learning strategies, in which the appearance can be described more accurately and robustly. Experimental results in the benchmark dataset demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve better performance than many existing state-of-the-art algorithms.
FIRST RESULTS FROM HIGH ANGULAR RESOLUTION ALMA OBSERVATIO NS TOWARD THE HL TAU REGION

We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations from the 2014 Long Baseline Campaign in dust continuum and spectral line emission from the HL Tau region. The continuum images at wavelengths of 2.9, 1.3, and 0.87 mm have unprecedented angular resolutions of 0. ′′ 075 (10 AU) to 0. ′′ 025 (3.5 AU), revealing an astonishing level of detail in the cir cumstellar disk surrounding the young solar analogue HL Tau, with a pattern of bright and dark rings observed at all wavelengths. By fitting ellipses to the most distinct rings, we measure precise values for the disk inclination (46.72 ◦ ± 0.05 ◦ ) and position angle (+138.02 ◦ ± 0.07 ◦ ). We obtain a high-fidelity image of the 1.0 mm spectral index (�), which ranges from � � 2.0 in the optically-thick central peak and two brightest ring s, increasing to 2.3-3.0 in the dark rings. The dark rings are not devoid of emission, and we estimate a grain emissivity index of 0.8 for the innermost dark ring and lower for subsequent dark rings, consistent with some degree of grain growth and evolution. Additional clues that the rings arise from planet formation incl ude an increase in their central offsets with radius and the presence of numerous orbital resonances. At a resolution of 35 AU, we resolve the molecular component of the disk in HCO + (1-0) which exhibits a pattern over LSR velocities from 2-12 km s -1 consistent with Keplerian motion around a �1.3M⊙ star, although complicated by absorption at low blue-shifted velocities. We also serendipitously detect and resolve the nearby protost ars XZ Tau (A/B) and LkH�358 at 2.9 mm. Subject headings: stars: individual (HL Tau, XZ Tau, LkH�358) — protoplanetary disks — stars: formation — submillimeter: planetary systems — techniques: interferometric
Redshift-space distortions in f(R) gravity

We use large-volume N-body simulations to predict the clustering of dark matter in redshift space in f(R) modified gravity cosmologies. This is the first time that the non-linear matter and velocity fields have been resolved to such a high level of accuracy over a broad range of scales in this class of models. We find significant deviations from the clustering signal in standard gravity, with an enhanced boost in power on large scales and stronger damping on small scales in the f(R) models compared to general relativity (GR) at redshifts z < 1. We measure the velocity divergence (Pθθ) and matter (Pδδ) power spectra and find a large deviation in the ratios √Pθθ/Pδδ and Pδθ/Pδδ between the f(R) models and GR for 0.03 < k/(h Mpc−1) < 0.5. In linear theory, these ratios equal the growth rate of structure on large scales. Our results show that the simulated ratios agree with the growth rate for each cosmology (which is scale-dependent in the case of modified gravity) only for extremely large scales, k < 0.06 h Mpc−1 at z = 0. The velocity power spectrum is substantially different in the f(R) models compared to GR, suggesting that this observable is a sensitive probe of modified gravity. We demonstrate how to extract the matter and velocity power spectra from the 2D redshift-space power spectrum, P(k, μ), and can recover the non-linear matter power spectrum to within a few per cent for k < 0.1 h Mpc−1. However, the model fails to describe the shape of the 2D power spectrum, demonstrating that an improved model is necessary in order to reconstruct the velocity power spectrum accurately. The same model can match the monopole moment to within 3 per cent for GR and 10 per cent for the f(R) cosmology at k < 0.2 h Mpc−1 at z = 1. Our results suggest that the extraction of the velocity power spectrum from future galaxy surveys is a promising method to constrain deviations from GR.
Olfactory Bulb Muscarinic Acetylcholine Type 1 Receptors Are Required for Acquisition of Olfactory Fear Learning

The olfactory bulb (OB) receives significant cholinergic innervation and widely expresses cholinergic receptors. While acetylcholine (ACh) is essential for olfactory learning, the exact mechanisms by which ACh modulates olfactory learning and whether it is specifically required in the OB remains unknown. Using behavioral pharmacology and optogenetics, we investigated the role of OB ACh in a simple olfactory fear learning paradigm. We find that antagonizing muscarinic ACh receptors (mAChRs) in the OB during fear conditioning but not testing significantly reduces freezing to the conditioned odor, without altering olfactory abilities. Additionally, we demonstrate that m1 mAChRs, rather than m2, are required for acquisition of olfactory fear. Finally, using mice expressing channelrhodopsin in cholinergic neurons, we show that stimulating ACh release specifically in the OB during odor-shock pairing can strengthen olfactory fear learning. Together these results define a role for ACh in olfactory associative learning and OB glomerular plasticity.
The Safe Distance to the Popliteal Neurovascular Bundle in Pediatric Knee Arthroscopic Surgery: An Age-Based Magnetic Resonance Imaging Anatomic Study

Background: The close proximity of the popliteal neurovascular bundle to the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus puts it at risk of compromise during lateral meniscal repair. This is particularly important in smaller pediatric patients, who are commonly treated for lateral meniscal abnormalities in isolation (discoid meniscus) or concomitantly with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Purpose: To quantify the distance between the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus and the popliteal neurovascular bundle along the path of meniscal repair and to investigate for associations with age, sex, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and skeletal maturity. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 144 magnetic resonance imaging scans were evaluated in a cohort of patients aged 10 to 18 years without meniscal or ligament abnormalities. Measurements were made along a line from the anterolateral portal between the popliteal neurovascular bundle and the free edge, midpoint, and meniscocapsular junctions of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus. In addition to descriptive statistics of these distances by age and sex, analyses of variance and linear regression analyses were performed to investigate for associations with age, sex, height, weight, BMI, and skeletal maturity. Results: Male participants had a significantly larger mean free edge distance (14.4 ± 2.5 vs 13.1 ± 2.5 mm, respectively; P = .005) and midpoint distance (9.6 ± 2.2 vs 8.9 ± 1.8 mm, respectively; P = .011) than female participants but not a significantly larger meniscocapsular distance (5.2 ± 1.6 vs 4.6 ± 1.4 mm, respectively; P = .096). Linear regression analyses revealed significant associations between these distances and age, height, weight, and BMI (P < .001 for all). There were statistically significant pairwise differences for free edge and midpoint distances to the neurovascular bundle between patients with open and closed physes. Conclusion: The distance between the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus and the popliteal vasculature along a trajectory from the standard anterolateral arthroscopic portal increases linearly throughout development between the ages of 10 and 18 years. There were also significant associations between height, weight, BMI, and skeletal maturity and these anatomic distances. Knowing the safe distance to the popliteal vasculature will increase the safety of arthroscopic lateral meniscal repair in children, especially with all-inside devices that require setting the penetration depth for the advancement of a sharp delivery device beyond the posterior capsule.
Small-Scale Spatial Variability of Soil Chemical and Biochemical Properties in a Rewetted Degraded Peatland

There is indication in the literature that degradation of natural peatlands reduced spatial variability of soil chemical and biochemical properties. However, we lack empirical data on the impact of rewetting peatland on the spatial variability of these properties. To investigate the spatial variability of the soil properties, we collected soil samples from the depths of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm in a rewetted peatland of northern Germany. Overall, we collected 50 samples from 50 grid cells, and the area of each grid cell was 9.0 m2. We measured 34 important soil chemical and biochemical properties and evaluated the data with descriptive and geospatial statistical analyses. The concentrations of most plant available nutrient elements were low with high coefficients of variation (CV) that ranged from 15 to 117%, whereas the CV of most of the total and oxalate extracted elements was 15% CV. The degree of phosphorus (P) saturation (DPS) and P saturation ratio (PSR) were 11% and 0.05, which were low as compared to the threshold levels of 25% DPS and 0.11 PSR for mineral and wetland soils. The microbial biomass C and N ranged from 389 to 2463 mg kg-1 and 32 to 215 mg kg-1 at the depth of 0-10 cm and from 343 to 1570 mg kg-1 and 14 to 160 mg kg-1 at the depth of 10-20 cm, respectively. Similarly, the dehydrogenase and -glucosidase activities were lower by 76 and 61% at the soil depth of 10-20 cm compared to the upper 10 cm. The geospatial statistical analysis revealed that 87% of the soil chemical properties were spatially correlated and 85% of the spatial correlation was strong with less than 0.20 nugget to sill ratio at 5 to 12 m ranges. Similarly, 86 and 71% of the biochemical properties were strongly spatially correlated at the depth of 0-10 and 10-20 cm, respectively, with 0.16 nugget to sill ratio at the short ranges (4 to 6 m). The strong spatial correlation of most of the soil chemical and biochemical properties at short ranges indicate the high variability of the rewetted peatland.
Sphingosine-1-Phosphate and Macrophage Biology—How the Sphinx Tames the Big Eater

The sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is produced by sphingosine kinases to either signal through intracellular targets or to activate a family of specific G-protein-coupled receptors (S1PR). S1P levels are usually low in peripheral tissues compared to the vasculature, forming a gradient that mediates lymphocyte trafficking. However, S1P levels rise during inflammation in peripheral tissues, thereby affecting resident or recruited immune cells, including macrophages. As macrophages orchestrate initiation and resolution of inflammation, the sphingosine kinase/S1P/S1P-receptor axis emerges as an important determinant of macrophage function in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis, and infection. In this review, we therefore summarize the current knowledge how S1P affects macrophage biology.
Self-regulation mechanism for continual autonomous learning in open-ended environments

Continual and autonomous learning are key features for a developmental agent in open-ended environments. This paper presents a mechanism of self-regulated learning to realize them. Considering the fact that learning progresses only when the learner is exposed to appropriate level of uncertainty, we propose that an agent’s learning process be guided by the following two metacognitive strategies throughout its development: (a) Switch of behavioral strategies to regulate the level of expected uncertainty, and (b) Switch of learning strategies in accordance with the current subjective uncertainty. With this mechanism, we demonstrate e ﬃ cient and stable online learning of a maze where only local perception is allowed: the agent autonomously explores an environment of signiﬁcant-scale, and builds a model that describes the hidden structure perfectly.
Effects of Age, Cognition, and Neural Encoding on the Perception of Temporal Speech Cues

Older adults commonly report difficulty understanding speech, particularly in adverse listening environments. These communication difficulties may exist in the absence of peripheral hearing loss. Older adults, both with normal hearing and with hearing loss, demonstrate temporal processing deficits that affect speech perception. The purpose of the present study is to investigate aging, cognition, and neural processing factors that may lead to deficits on perceptual tasks that rely on phoneme identification based on a temporal cue – vowel duration. A better understanding of the neural and cognitive impairments underlying temporal processing deficits could lead to more focused aural rehabilitation for improved speech understanding for older adults. This investigation was conducted in younger (YNH) and older normal-hearing (ONH) participants who completed three measures of cognitive functioning known to decline with age: working memory, processing speed, and inhibitory control. To evaluate perceptual and neural processing of auditory temporal contrasts, identification functions for the contrasting word-pair WHEAT and WEED were obtained on a nine-step continuum of vowel duration, and frequency-following responses (FFRs) and cortical auditory-evoked potentials (CAEPs) were recorded to the two endpoints of the continuum. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to determine the cognitive, peripheral, and/or central mechanisms that may contribute to perceptual performance. YNH participants demonstrated higher cognitive functioning on all three measures compared to ONH participants. The slope of the identification function was steeper in YNH than in ONH participants, suggesting a clearer distinction between the contrasting words in the YNH participants. FFRs revealed better response waveform morphology and more robust phase-locking in YNH compared to ONH participants. ONH participants also exhibited earlier latencies for CAEP components compared to the YNH participants. Linear regression analyses revealed that cortical processing significantly contributed to the variance in perceptual performance in the WHEAT/WEED identification functions. These results suggest that reduced neural precision contributes to age-related speech perception difficulties that arise from temporal processing deficits.