Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aromababy: Australia's first organic baby skincare range

Aromababy was the first organic baby skincare range launched in Australia. While the overall skincare market is a mature one, organic and natural products represent a rapidly growing niche. According to Euromonitor (2012), certified organic is witnessing rising interest across many sectors, but the largest consumer following, after food and drink, is in cosmetics and personal care. Consumer consciousness of the environmental and health effects of personal care products has grown steadily over several decades. The Body Shop helped create the market for natural products and today it is a mainstream sector, with leading retailers and department stores taking advantage of the demand for natural and organic products. Green marketing represents a huge commercial opportunity but those that succeed need to gain the trust of consumers and avoid greenwashing claims. Aromababy is one organisation that has captured the trust of consumer and it has successfully penetrated a global niche.
Dysphonia and dysphagia after anterior cervical decompression.

OBJECT In this paper, the authors investigate the effects of anterior cervical decompression (ACD) on swallowing and vocal function. METHODS The study comprised 114 patients who underwent ACD. The early group (50 patients) was examined immediately pre- and postoperatively, and the late group (64 patients) was examined at only 3 to 9 months postoperatively. Fifty age- and sex-matched patients from the Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery who had not been intubated in the previous 5 years were used as a control group. All patients in the early and control groups were examined by a laryngologist; patients in the late group were examined by a laryngologist and a neurosurgeon. Videolaryngostroboscopy was performed in all members of the patient and control groups, and the function of the ninth through 12th cranial nerves were clinically evaluated. Data were collected concerning swallowing, voice quality, surgery results, and health-related quality of life. Patients with persistent dysphonia were referred for phoniatric evaluation and laryngeal electromyography (EMG). Those with persistent dysphagia underwent transoral endoscopic evaluation of swallowing function and videofluorography. RESULTS Sixty percent of patients in the early group reported dysphonia and 69% reported dysphagia at the immediate postoperative visit. Unilateral vocal fold paresis occurred in 12%. The prevalence of both dysphonia and dysphagia decreased in both groups 3 to 9 months postoperatively. All six patients with vocal fold paresis in the early group recovered, and in the late group there were two cases of vocal fold paresis. The results of laryngeal EMG were abnormal in 14 of 16 patients with persistent dysphonia. Neither intraoperative factors nor age or sex had any effect on the occurrence of dysphonia, dysphagia, or vocal fold paresis. Most patients were satisfied with the surgical outcome. CONCLUSIONS Dysphonia, dysphagia, and vocal fold paresis are common but usually transient complications of ACD. Recurrent laryngeal nerve damage detected by EMG is not rare. Pre-and postoperative laryngeal examination of ACD patients should be considered.
An update on the aetiology of orofacial clefts.

OBJECTIVE To review recent data on the aetiology of cleft lip and palate. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE literature search (1986-2003). STUDY SELECTION Literature and data on aetiology of cleft lip and palate using the following key words: 'cleft lip', 'cleft palate', 'aetiology', and 'genetics'. DATA EXTRACTION Relevant information and data were reviewed by the authors. DATA SYNTHESIS Cleft lip and palate is one of the most common types of congenital malformation. The aetiology seems complex, but genetics plays a major role. Recently several genes causing syndromic cleft lip and palate have been discovered. Three of them--namely T-box transcription factor-22 (TBX22), poliovirus receptor like-1 (PVRL1), and interferon regulatory factor-6 (IRF6)--are responsible for causing X-linked cleft palate, cleft lip/palate-ectodermal dysplasia syndrome, and Van der Woude's and popliteal pterygium syndromes, respectively; they are also implied in non-syndromic cleft lip and palate. The nature and function of these genes vary widely, illustrating high vulnerability within the craniofacial developmental pathways. The aetiological complexity of non-syndromic cleft lip and palate is also exemplified by the large number of candidate genes and loci. CONCLUSIONS The aetiology of non-syndromic cleft lip and palate is still largely unknown, but mutations in candidate genes have already been identified in a small proportion of cases of non-syndromic cleft lip and palate. Determining the relative risk of cleft lip and palate, on the basis of genetic background and environmental influence, including smoking, alcohol use, and dietary factors, will aid in genetic counselling and the development of future preventive measures.
An inhalation air flow pattern in human respiratory tract: Partial secretion block case

One of the most important organ system in the body is a pulmonary system. This system is function to move gas in and out from lungs or called ventilation function. At the pulmonary capillary vessel network, oxygen diffuse into an alveolar while carbondioxide diffuse out causing a gas exchange function. In the case of an artificial ventilation, patient needs to be intubated with an endotracheal tube and supported by a ventilator to control his ventilation. In such this case, secretion or fluid mucus is produced increasingly within a patient airway tract due to an airway irritation and/or induced by a pulmonary disease such as COPD, airway inflammation. The accumulation of this fluid secretion is not only increasing an airway resistance but also causing an airway obstruction due to a high viscous mucus or phlegm formation. In this paper, we present an investigation on a pattern of an inhalation air flow in a respiratory tract near Carina portion. The study was performed by using a simulation of an airflow pattern, pressure contour and streamline profile in a clear airway case and a partial obstructed by an accumulated phlegm case. Even though, the simulation was implemented in a simple airway model however, the obtain results imply us a practical information and will be used as a basic implementation for a further investigation, particularly in case of artificial ventilation with a variety of ventilation mode and parameter in the near future.
Reducing Computational Complexities of Exemplar-Based Sparse Representations with Applications to Large Vocabulary Speech Recognition

Recently, exemplar-based sparse representation phone identiﬁcation features ( S pif ) have shown promising results on large vocabulary speech recognition tasks. However, one problem with exemplar-based techniques is that they are computationally expensive. In this paper, we present two methods to speed up the creation of S pif features. First, we explore a technique to quickly select a subset of informative exemplars among millions of training examples. Secondly, we make approximations to the sparse representation computation such that a matrix-matrix multiplication is reduced to a matrix-vector product. We present results on four large vocabulary tasks, including Broadcast News where acoustic models are trained with 50 and 400 hours, and a Voice Search task, where models are trained with 160 and 1000 hours. Results on all tasks indicate improvements in speedup by a factor of four relative to the original S pif features, as well as improvements in word error rate (WER) in combination with a baseline HMM system.
Hazardous waste management and pollution prevention

The management of hazardous wastes is one of the most critical environmental issues that faces many developing countries. It is one of the areas where institutional control and treatment and disposal technology has not kept pace with economic development. This paper reviews the development of hazardous waste management methods over the past decades, and provides the information on the status and trends of hazardous waste management strategy in selected western nations. Several issues pertinent to hazardous waste management will be reviewed, including: (1) definition of hazard; (2) why are we concerned with hazardous wastes; (3) aspects of hazardous waste management system; and (4) prioritization of hazardous waste management options. Due to regulatory and economic pressure on hazardous waste management, pollution prevention has become a very important environmental strategy in many developed countries. In many developed countries, industry is increasingly considering such alternative approaches, and finding many opportunities for their cost effective implementation. This paper provides a review of the status and trends of pollution prevention in selected western nations.
Enhanced universal filtered-DFTs-OFDM for long-delay multi-path environment

In this paper, an enhanced universal filtered (UF)-DFT-spread-OFDM (eUF-DFTs-OFDM) is proposed. The conventional UF-DFTs-OFDM can drastically reduce the out-of-band emission (OOBE), which has been the problem of the conventional cyclic prefix (CP)-DFTs-OFDM. However, the conventional UF-DFTs-OFDM degrades the communication quality in long-delay multipath environment due to the frequency-domain ripples derived from extending the rise and fall time of the LPF corresponding to the guard interval (GI). On the contrary, the proposed eUF-DFTs-OFDM achieves significantly low OOBE and high communication quality even in the long-delay multi-path fading environment by applying the CP and the LPF with short rise and fall time. The advantages of the proposed eUF-DFTs-OFDM are discussed by simulating the characteristics of the OOBE, peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) and block error rate (BLER) with the LTE uplink parameters. As a result, it is confirmed that the proposed eUF-DFTs-OFDM is capable of suppressing the OOBE at the channel edge by 40 dB compared to the conventional CP-DFTs-OFDM. Moreover, the proposed eUF-DFTs-OFDM can improve the ES/N0 to achieve BLER= 10−3 by about 2 dB for QPSK and 16QAM compared to the conventional UF-DFTs-OFDM. Especially for 64QAM, the proposed eUF-DFTs-OFDM can achieve BLER = 10−3 at an ES/N0 of 30 dB, even though BLER characteristics of the conventional UF-DFTs-OFDM results in error floor.
The Relation Between Mantle Dynamics and Plate Tectonics: A Primer

We present an overview of the relation between mantle dynamics and plate tectonics, adopting the perspective that the plates are the surface manifestation, i.e., the top thermal boundary layer, of mantle convection. We review how simple convection pertains to plate formation, regarding the aspect ratio of convection cells; the forces that drive convection; and how internal heating and temperature-dependent viscosity affect convection. We examine how well basic convection explains plate tectonics, arguing that basic plate forces, slab pull and ridge push, are convective forces; that sea-floor structure is characteristic of thermal boundary layers; that slab-like downwellings are common in simple convective flow; and that slab and plume fluxes agree with models of internally heated convection. Temperature-dependent viscosity, or an internal resistive boundary (e.g., a viscosity jump and/or phase transition at 660km depth) can also lead to large, plate sized convection cells. Finally, we survey the aspects of plate tectonics that are poorly explained by simple convection theory, and the progress being made in accounting for them. We examine non-convective plate forces; dynamic topography; the deviations of seafloor structure from that of a thermal boundary layer; and abrupt plate-motion changes. Plate-like strength distributions and plate boundary formation are addressed by considering complex lithospheric rheological mechanisms. We examine the formation of convergent, divergent and strike-slip margins, which are all uniquely enigmatic. Strike-slip shear, which is highly significant in plate motions but extremely weak or entirely absent in simple viscous convection, is given ample discussion. Many of the problems of plate boundary formation remain unanswered, and thus a great deal of work remains in understanding the relation between plate tectonics and mantle convections.
Memantine: a review of possible uses in child and adolescent psychiatry.

OBJECTIVE To provide a review of published literature regarding the pharmacology of memantine and potential benefits for use in child and adolescent psychiatry. METHOD A LITERATURE SEARCH OF SEVERAL DATABASES (MEDLINE, PSYCHINFO, CINAHL, PSYCARTICLES) WAS CONDUCTED WITH THE SEARCH TERMS: 'memantine' with limits: English language, Human trials, all child (aged 0-18 years). The search was later expanded to include 'Adults' and relevant articles were also selected from reference lists. RESULT The search did not find any well-controlled studies in children and adolescents except for open label trials, as monotherapy in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as an augmenting agent in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). No study was found in anxiety disorders (AD), the most common psychiatric disorder in children or in mood disorders, both major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). Studies in adults for those disorders with onset in childhood or adolescence, were also mostly open-label and as an add-on therapy. All the studies reported that memantine is a safe drug with minimal drug interactions and a very acceptable adverse effect profile comparable to placebo. CONCLUSION Memantine has demonstrated beneficial effects in some childhood disorders but the evidence is too limited at present and does not provide enough support of its efficacy to advocate for its regular use in those conditions. Such use remains off-label until further validation of efficacy comes from blinded, randomized, placebo controlled studies.
Posttraumatic stress disorder part II: development of the construct within the North American psychiatric taxonomy.

TOPIC The impairment associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) carries with it staggering costs to the individual, to the family, and to society as a whole. Although there is strong evidence that gender plays a significant role in responses to stress and trauma, gender specificity is still not well incorporated into clinical or research work in the area of PTSD. PURPOSE This is the second of three articles examining the sufficiency of the current PTSD construct to articulate the full spectrum of human responses to trauma. This article chronicles ongoing refinements to the original PTSD criteria and the subsequent controversies. SOURCE OF INFORMATION Existing bodies of theoretical and research literature related to the effects of trauma. CONCLUSION In a third article we will review evidence supporting the existence of a more complex posttraumatic stress reaction associated with interpersonal trauma (physical/sexual abuse/assault).
Privacy Implications of GSM Network Services

Current research on GSM does not deal with privacy requirements, or confuses privacy (legislated) with security (standards based). This paper seeks to examine how the applicable privacy legislation in Canada (PIPEDA) would apply to GSM services. Part I provides an overview of the evolution of network communications and how privacy legislation applies, ending with a discussion of GSM functionality and players. An description of the kind of personal information in GSM service delivery is presented in Part 2, while the privacy analysis is conducted in Part 3. Part 4 is a brief inter-disciplinary literature review demonstrating how GSM research is focused respectively on public policy and functionality, while security work focuses on authentication techniques. Various approaches to privacy are described in Part 5, and a short conclusion of the implications is presented in Part 6. Index Terms – Telecommunications, GSM, privacy, PIPEDA, security.
Optimization of Quantum-Dot Molecular Beam Epitaxy for Broad Spectral Bandwidth Devices

The optimization of the key growth parameters for broad spectral bandwidth devices based on quantum dots is reported. A combination of atomic force microscopy, photoluminescence of test samples, and optoelectronic characterization of superluminescent diodes (SLDs) is used to optimize the growth conditions to obtain high-quality devices with large spectral bandwidth, radiative efficiency (due to a reduced defective-dot density), and thus output power. The defective-dot density is highlighted as being responsible for the degradation of device performance. An SLD device with 160 nm of bandwidth centered at 1230 nm is demonstrated.
Syndromes of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid resistance.

s of the 13th International Symposium of the Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Monaco, May 25– 28199733-L. 60 Marver D. The mineralocorticoid receptor. In Biochemical Actions of Hormones, edn 12, pp 385–431. Ed J Litwacks. New York: Academic Press Inc, 1985. 61 Reul JMHM & de Kloet ER. Two receptor systems for corticosterone in rat brain: microdistribution and differential occupation. Endocrinology 1985 117 2505–2512. 62 Meyer WJI & Nichols N. Mineralocorticoid binding in cultured smooth muscle cells and fibroblast from rat aorta. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 1981 14 1157–1168. 63 Pearce P & Funder JW. High affinity aldosterone binding sites (Type I receptors) in rat heart. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 1987 14 859–866. 64 Lombes M, Oblin M-E, Gasc JM, Baulieu EE, Farman N & Bonvalet J-P. Immunohistochemical and biochemical evidence for a cardiovascular mineralocorticoid receptor. Circulation Research
Determinants of Hearing Loss in Perforations of the Tympanic Membrane

Background: Although tympanic membrane perforations are common, there have been few systematic studies of the structural features determining the magnitude of the resulting conductive hearing loss. Our recent experimental and modeling studies predicted that the conductive hearing loss will increase with increasing perforation size, be independent of perforation location (contrary to popular otologic belief), and increase with decreasing size of the middle-ear and mastoid air space (an idea new to otology). Objective: To test our predictions regarding determinants of conductive hearing loss in tympanic membrane perforations against clinical data gathered from patients. Study Design: Prospective clinical study. Setting: Tertiary referral center. Inclusion Criteria: Patients with tympanic membrane perforations without other middle-ear disease. Main Outcome Measures: Size and location of perforation; air-bone gap at 250, 500, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 Hz; and tympanometric estimate of volume of the middle-ear air spaces. Results: Isolated tympanic membrane perforations in 62 ears from 56 patients met inclusion criteria. Air-bone gaps were largest at the lower frequencies and decreased as frequency increased. Air-bone gaps increased with perforation size at each frequency. Ears with small middle-ear volumes, ≤4.3 ml (n = 23), had significantly larger air-bone gaps than ears with large middle-ear volumes, >4.3 ml (n = 39), except at 2,000 Hz. The mean air-bone gaps in ears with small volumes were 10 to 20 dB larger than in ears with large volumes. Perforations in anterior versus posterior quadrants showed no significant differences in air-bone gaps at any frequency, although anterior perforations had, on average, air-bone gaps that were smaller by 1 to 8 dB at lower frequencies. Conclusion: The conductive hearing loss resulting from a tympanic membrane perforation is frequency-dependent, with the largest losses occurring at the lowest sound frequencies; increases as size of the perforation increases; varies inversely with volume of the middle-ear and mastoid air space (losses are larger in ears with small volumes); and does not vary appreciably with location of the perforation. Effects of location, if any, are small.
The molars of tabby chimaeras in the mouse

Some animals which carry the sex-linked gene for tabby (Ta) in the mouse have a supernumerary molar in front and/or lack the third molar at the back. In Ta♂♂ and Ta/Ta ♀♀, presence or absence of these features must be due to threshold mechanisms. The threshold levels are essentially the same both in Ta/ + ♀♀ and in Ta ↔ + chimaeras (as also in the autosomal mimic of tabby, crinkled, where cr/cr and + /cr are similarly affected). The data on the molars of Ta and Ta/Ta, on Ta/ + and on Ta ↔ + do not discriminate for or against the inactive X-chromosome hypothesis. Possible explanations are suggested for the fact that the phenotype of Ta ↔ + chimaeras shows a shift towards tabby as compared with Ta/ + heterozygotes.
Root Influence on Nitrogen Mineralization and Nitrification in Avena barbata Rhizosphere Soil

Micro– 15 N pool dilution was used to quantify rates of gross N mineralization, consumption, and nitrification in bulk soil and in soil within 2 mm of root sections of Avena barbata (slender wild oats), an annual grass common to California oak woodland-savannas. Rates of gross N mineralization in rhizosphere soil (9.2 mg N kg 21 d 21 ) were about ten times higher than in bulk soil (1.0 mg N kg 21 d 21 ). Total bacterial numbers in soil adjacent to roots were slightly higher than in bulk soil; protozoa biomass was not measurably different. Changes in bacterial numbers or standing stocks of bacterial N could not account for rates of N mineralization. Nitrification potential values were similar in bulk and rhizosphere soil, yet gross rates of nitrification were highly dependent on location along the root. Gross nitrification rates in soil near the root tip were the same as those in bulk soil, while rapid uptake of NH4 by older sections of root (8–16 cm from the tip), appeared to limit nitrification rates. Only small differences in microbial community structure between bulk and rhizosphere soil were detected by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) analysis. While the small increases in bacterial numbers and changes in community composition may in-part explain the increased rates of N mineralization, other microbial-root interactions are likely involved in accelerating the flux of N from organic sources to the plant-available NH4 pool. The high rates of N mineralization observed in soil immediately adjacent to roots should facilitate plant access to N. Most of the stocks and fluxes determined in these studies exhibited distinct spatial patterns along the plant root that may have significantly impacted N-availability to the plant.
Semi-automatic control of overhead crane using potential method

In practical industries, overhead traveling cranes are usually manipulated by a human operator. The transfer object can be freely moved in three-dimensional space by the human operator for various tasks. Although manipulation for the moving direction of a crane is easy, the crane's operation without vibration of a load is difficult for unskilled operators, and therefore swinging of the object occurs and residual vibration is generated after the transfer object reaches a goal point. Therefore, a semi-automatic control system is proposed in terms of obstacle avoidance by manual operation by human operator and feedback control for suppression of swing by automatic controller. Further, in order to heighten safety and prevent human error, the command input to avoid obstacles and go towards a goal is generated by the fusion of human command using joystick and potential information using diffusion equation based on the known environment map. Position and vibration control of a crane are carried out by a fixed-pole controller for the command input (stated previously). The usefulness of the proposed method is demonstrated through simulation and experimental studies.