Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EGALITARIAN CONFLICT MANAGEMENT AMONG THE ÎGEMBE OF KENYA

A BSTRACT In a farming community of the Igembe (a subgroup of the Kimiiru-speaking people) of the Kenyan central highlands, people do not rely primarily on judgements by specialists, professionals or experts for confl ict management; instead, they have recourse to conditional curses using oaths or the power of ichiaro. A conditional curse provides a mechanism that can be an alternative to reasoned judgement. The third party does not convict the disputants but enables them to wait for either party to recognise his or her responsibility and confess at any time in the future. In these respects, confl ict management in the Igembe community is confession-oriented. Confl ict management with ichiaro is egalitarian and democratic to the extent that every person has the power of ichiaro. Theoretically speaking, the power of ichiaro is universally given to all individuals of the Igembe. If one is born as a member of the Athimba clan, he or she is automatically mwichiaro to the Antuambui and Anduune clans. Such a biological determinism is, from the local perspective, a dominant means of identifying and understanding their ichiaro relationships. While everyone is eligible to represent his or her clan as mwichiaro, some individuals may be appreciated as more powerful mwichiaro than others. Nevertheless, as shown in a case study in this paper, ichiaro men are not required to identify themselves as ‘experts’ in their private capacity. This biological determinism thus serves to depersonalise the ichiaro.
Dinâmica Populacional de Cyrtomon luridus Boheman (Coloptera: Curlionidae) em Duboisia sp. (Solanaceae) no Brasil

Cyrtomon luridus (Boheman) has adapted to the medicinal plant Duboisia sp. , introduced from Australia. Its larvae feed on roots, causing up to 100% mortality damages. The population dynamics and biological cycle were studied to determine future control methods in Duboisia sp. , in Arapongas, Parana State, Brazil, from 1993 to 1996. C. luridus presented annual life cycle in Duboisia sp. under natural conditions. The larval development period was 120 to 150 days, from January to May, reaching an average size of 19.0 ± 2.0 mm in soil depth ranging on 24.9 ± 8.6 cm to 45.0 ± 10.0 cm. The beginning of the pupal phase happened in April. The larval-adult viability ranged on 7.5% to 19.6%. The typical symptoms of attack appeared in an infestation level of 60 larvae per plant. The first adults came out in July, six months after larvae hatching. However, adults came out from soil only in September, at the beginning of the rainy season, reaching the peak of emergency in October, outspreading until January. In laboratory (25oC, 70% R.H.), females longevity averaged 113.7 ± 15.2 days. In this period, laying capacity was 42.7 ± 7.9 egg masses, with 9.4 ± 0.61 eggs each, totaling 402 ± 72.9 eggs per female. Adults C. luridus were found parasitized by Microctonus sp. (Loan) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Solanaceae species Solanum mauritianum Scopoli and Cestrum intermedium Sendt. were identified as host plants of C. luridus.
Literature of Digital Media In The Environment of Household Mother In Sub District Gondomanan Yogyakarta

Media literacy becomes a necessity in today's information age. Especially " digital media " or “new media” is rife in use, from children to adults. For example, new media such as face book, instagram, wattshap, line, path, and others. The dangers of the media digital are the content, especially for children who do not yet understand how to read media intelligently. Most of the media content is negative which can anesthetize the audience. The biggest content content of the media is entertainment, programs that do not educate. Media put forward the entertainment programs which have less attention to ethics and community norms. They do not care about the negative impact of the broadcast program that put forward. For example: hoax news, pornography, sexuality, criminality, exploitation of women's bodies, children, bullying, advertisements that offer consumptive lifestyle, unconscientious, abusive behavior and so on. Housewives are a family milestone in charge of educating children in the family, so that this study took the subject of housewives, especially in the Ngupasan sub-district, district Gondomanan Yogyakarta. This study aims to map and socialize the ability of housewives to consume media, especially new media, then these mothers will become agents of change in their environment. The method used is content analysis, literature study, in-depth interview, and FGD (Focus Group Discussion). Theory used is Media Equation Theory and Media Literacy. The results of this study indicate that most housewives in Gondomanan sub-district of Jogjakarta are mostly still low-educated, and only few of them are highly educated. The housewives who were subjected to the study were undergraduate and working. They used to utilize gadgets or smartphones. They are also active in PKK and Dharma Wanita in their neighborhood, so that they can become agents of media literacy’s change. These mothers socialize media literacy in their families and neighborhoods. The result shows that they can manage the environment to be careful in consuming media, especially new media
EXTENSION OF THE MAXIMAL COVERING LOCATION-ALLOCATION MODEL FOR CONGESTED SYSTEM IN THE COMPETITIVE AND USER-CHOICE ENVIRONMENT

The main objective of facilities location and service system design is covering of potential customers’ demand. Many location models are extended with the covering objective and considered constraints, details of problem and its different aspects. In this paper the maximal covering location-allocation model for congested system is extended in the competitive environment. In the proposed model, several important characteristics such as spatial interaction model, congestion, the competitive user-choice environment and probabilistic demand are considered. The objective of the model is maximization of the demand captured by each facility in the competitive environment. The optimization software of lingo 8 and the genetic algorithm are used for solving the small-size problems. Due to the complexity of problem and its nonlinear nature, the software of lingo 8 cant solved the large-size problems and the genetic algorithm is applied to solve the larger size problems. Numerical results verify the effectiveness of proposed algorithm for solving the model and show that the use of queuing theory in service system design can improve different service strategies, promote organization’s business process and increase customer’s satisfaction.
An Exploratory Study of Professional Conflicts and Disputeswithin the Construction Industry

The construction sector is a vital part of any economy because of its size and the potential role it can play in the developmental efforts of the economy. Construction is often used as an indicator of socio-economic development of a nation and therefore it is indispensable in the process of development. The nature of the construction industry in Ghana is such that there is an inherent conflict between the major stakeholders. This study is aimed at determining the nature and causes of professional conflicts in the construction industry, their possible effects on the industry and developing ways of reducing or eradicating them. The study begins with a look into previous works on the topic by various authors. Questionnaires were also given out to various stakeholders in the construction industry basically consultants and contractors with the aim of identifying construction disputes and conflicts and ways of preventing them in Ghana. Data gathered were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. The survey came out that conflicts exist at project sites and that among the causes included failure of clients to honour payments, unclear and incomplete description of items in the Bills of quantities and delays in time for project completion among others. In order to reduce conflicts at project sites, the study makes some recommendations which include the employment of qualified personnel and adequate funding for projects. The study concludes that conflicts do really exist and their resolution is associated with high financial costs. Special attention should therefore be paid to every detail of the construction process.
Does safety climate mediate the relationship between institutio nal environment and employee safety behavior?

The purpose of this paper is to explain the impact of institutional environment on employee safety behaviors, which helps to organize research on the safety climate. A set of assumptions was put forward to prove that the healthier the institutional environment is, the better the employees’ safety behavior. At the same time, we assume that the dimensions of the institutional environment will affect the safety climate. In particular, other assumptions pertain to safety climate mediated the relation between institutional environment dimensions and employee safety behavior. Through a questionnaire survey of 161 employees in manufacturing enterprises, we obtained a set of factors that measure the enterprise’s institutional environment and employees’ safety behavior in a specific safety climate. The empirical results show that: 1) The good institutional environment has a positive impact on employees’ safety behavior; 2) The healthy institutional environment significantly enhances the safety climate; 3) The relationship between institutional environment dimensions and employee safety behavior can be partially adjusted with a safety climate. The research results also encourage organizations to invest in institutional environments that support improved employee safety behavior.
An Approach to Single Documnent Text Summarization & Simplification

The amount of information available on the internet is increasing day by day which is leading to information overload. For more information than can realistically be digested is available on the World-Wide Web and in other electronic forms. News information, biographical information, minutes of meetings missed, it isn't possible to read everything one would want to read and so some form of information condensation is needed. Summarization is the process of reducing a text document with a computer program in order to create a summary that retains the most important points of the original document. Somplification os done to append meanings of the nouns so as to facilitate the easy reading and understanding of the text by the user. In this summarization. the input text document is divided into two parts informative & non informative and summarizing and simplifying them individually. It uses the NLTK tagger to tag the words and get their parts of speech. The nouns in the informative sentences were simplified using WorldNet. In order to summarize and simplify non-informative sentences keyword selection approach was used. Finally, the two files obtained after summarizing and simplifying were merged together to obtain the output file. Keywords: keyword selection,, Weighted approach, NLTK Tagger, Text Features, keyword selection, informative & non informative sentence.
The effect of public pensions on women's labor market participation over a full life cycle

Spousal and survivor pensions are two important provisions of the US Social Security pension system. In this paper, we assess the impact of these benefits on the female employment rate in the context of a full life‐cycle model in which households decide on female labor supply and savings. One important aspect of our model is that we allow for returns to labor market experience so that participation decisions affect not only current earnings and Social Security pension eligibility but also future earnings. We quantify the effect on female labor supply and on household inequality of (i) removing spousal benefit, (ii) removing both spousal and survivor pension benefits, and (iii) extending from 35 to 40 the number of periods of the working career that are considered when calculating the retired worker's pension. We find that reforms (i) and (ii) significantly increase female employment throughout the life cycle, whereas reform (iii) has a very mild effect. The effect of (ii) on income inequality in older household is large, whereas the effect on consumption inequality is small. All three reforms have substantial effects on Social Security expenditure and fiscal revenues. Social Security Spousal and Survivor Benefits Women's Labor Market Participation D15 H55 J22 J24
Southern Ocean Circulation and Eddy Compensation in CMIP5 Models

Thirteen state-of-the-art climate models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) are used to evaluate the response of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) transport and Southern Ocean meridional overturning circulation to surface wind stress and buoyancy changes. Understanding how these flows—fundamental players in the global distribution of heat, gases, and nutrients— respond to climate change is currently a widely debated issue among oceanographers. Here, the authors analyze the circulation responses of these coarse-resolution coupled models to surface fluxes. Under a future CMIP5 climate pathway where the equivalent atmospheric CO2 reaches 1370ppm by 2100, the models robustly project reduced Southern Ocean density in the upper 2000m accompanied by strengthened stratification. Despite an overall increase in overlying wind stress (;20%), the projected ACC transports lie within 615% of their historical state, and no significant relationship with changes in the magnitude or position of the wind stress is identified. The models indicate that a weakening of ACC transport at the end of the twenty-first century is correlated with a strong increase in the surface heat and freshwater fluxes in the ACC region. In contrast, the surface heat gain across the ACC region and the wind-driven surface transports are significantly correlated with an increased upper and decreased lower Eulerian-mean meridional overturning circulation. The change in the eddy-induced overturning in both the depth and density spaces is quantified, and it is found that the CMIP5 models project partial eddy compensation of the upper and lower overturning cells.
FIBEROPTICS-BASED INSTRUMENTATION FOR STORAGE RING LONGITUDINAL DIAGNOSTICS*

Many beam diagnostic devices in today's synchrotron rings make use of the radiation emitted by the circulating particles. Such instruments are placed in close proximity of the accelerator, where in many instances they cannot be easily accessed for safety consideration, or at the end of a beamline, which, because of its cost, can only move the light port a few meters away from the ring. We present a study of the coupling of synchrotron light into an optical fiber for all those applications where the longitudinal properties of the beam are measured (i.e. bunch length, phase, intensity, etc.). By choosing an appropriate fiber it is possible to keep attenuation and dispersion at negligible values over a large bandwidth, so that this method would allow to have the diagnostic instruments directly in the control room, or wherever convenient, up to several hundreds of meters away from the tunnel. This would make maintaining and replacing instruments, or switching between them, possible without any access to restricted areas. Additionally, the few components required to be near the ring (lenses and couplers) in order to couple the light into the fiber are intrinsically radiation hard.
A Study and Analysis of Congestion Control Wireless Sensor Networks

WSNs are becoming popular in real world uses. Due to resource-constrained and battery-aware features of the sensor; WSNs energy use in a major research topic was found to be interesting. WSNs contain battery powered nodes that for certain action or tasks are connected with the base station. The lifetime of battery-powered sensor nodes, after the consumption of the battery will be dead in WSNs. To prolong the lifetime of WSNs the energy has to be well organized. The cluster head selection and assignment, and construction of clusters require additional overhead. Cluster nodes distributed algorithms designed incorrectly can lead to isolation from cluster heads. Such isolated nodes waste large amount of energy to communicate with the sink. In this paper, energy conservation techniques related to WSNs are discussed. Also, the existing energy conservation algorithms are reviewed and the comparative analysis is also performed.
Assessing alertness from EEG power spectral bands

The assessment of low level of alertness and drowsiness conditions of humans, while performing critical tasks, requires the development of automatic detection systems to work in real time, to be as pervasive as possible for long lasting periods of use and robust enough to cope with a wide intraand inter-individual variability. A new alertness detection procedure based on the spectral analysis of the EEG signal is proposed, mostly concerned with the provision of robust classification criteria under the working conditions depicted above. The wide interindividual variability has been reduced down to operational levels by means of a personal dependant normalization algorithm, which consists of describing the EEG spectral morphology as a function of the alpha behaviour of each subject. With this approach, drowsiness classification can be achieved by simple thresholding of the EEG spectral variable selected: the power ratio between a high frequency and an alpha bands defined for each individual. Variable that has been selected to optimize the discriminant power and its interindividual stability. The experimental results include the selection of the preferred recording sites and the demonstration of the reliability of the classification criteria along the time for each individual. The paper also analyses the time resolution of the algorithms to assure their real time operation. Technological requirements of the method proposed allow concluding that the design of a wearable one single EEG lead nonintrusive device it is feasible to reliably discriminate continuously drowsiness situations.
General closed-form basket option pricing bounds

This article presents lower and upper bounds on the prices of basket options for a general class of continuous-time financial models. The techniques we propose are applicable whenever the joint characteristic function of the vector of log-returns is known. Moreover, the basket value is not required to be positive. We test our new price approximations on different multivariate models, allowing for jumps and stochastic volatility. Numerical examples are discussed and benchmarked against Monte Carlo simulations. All bounds are general and do not require any additional assumption on the characteristic function, so our methods may be employed also to non-affine models. All bounds involve the computation of one-dimensional Fourier transforms; hence, they do not suffer from the curse of dimensionality and can be applied also to high-dimensional problems where most existing methods fail. In particular, we study two kinds of price approximations: an accurate lower bound based on an approximating set and a fast bounded approximation based on the arithmetic-geometric mean inequality. We also show how to improve Monte Carlo accuracy by using one of our bounds as a control variate.
Regional responses of surface ozone in Europe to the location of high-latitude blocks and subtropical ridges

Abstract. This paper analyses for the first time the impact of high-latitude blocks and subtropical ridges on near-surface ozone (O3) in Europe during a 15-year period. For this purpose, a catalogue of blocks and ridges over the Euro–Atlantic region is used together with a gridded dataset of maximum daily 8 h running average ozone (MDA8 O3) covering the period 1998–2012. The response of ozone to the location of blocks and ridges with centres in three longitudinal sectors (Atlantic, ATL, 30–0° W; European, EUR, 0–30° E; Russian, RUS, 30–60° E) is examined. The impact of blocks on ozone is regionally and seasonally dependent. In particular, blocks within the EUR sector yield positive ozone anomalies of ∼ 5–10 ppb over large parts of central Europe in spring and northern Europe in summer. Over 20 and 30 % of the days with blocks in that sector register exceedances of the 90th percentile of the seasonal ozone distribution at many European locations during spring and summer, respectively. The impacts of ridges during those seasons are subtle and more sensitive to their specific location, although they can trigger ozone anomalies above 10 ppb in northern Italy and the surrounding countries in summer, eventually exceeding European air quality (AQ) targets. During winter, surface ozone in the north-west of Europe presents completely opposite responses to blocks and ridges. The anticyclonic circulation associated with winter EUR blocking, and to a lesser extent with ATL blocking, yields negative ozone anomalies between −5 and −10 ppb over the UK, northern France and the Benelux. Conversely, the enhanced zonal flow around 50–60° N during the occurrence of ATL ridges favours the arrival of background air masses from the Atlantic and the ventilation of the boundary layer, producing positive ozone anomalies of ∼ 5 ppb in an area spanning from the British Isles to the northern half of Germany. We also show that multiple linear models on the seasonal frequency of occurrence of these synoptic patterns can explain a considerable fraction of the interannual variability in some winter and summer ozone statistics (mean levels and number of exceedances of the 90th percentile) over some regions of western Europe. Thus, this work provides the first quantitative assessments of the remarkable but distinct impacts that the anticyclonic circulation and the diversion of the zonal flow associated with blocks and ridges exert on surface ozone in Europe. The findings reported here can be exploited in the future to evaluate the modelled responses of ozone to circulation changes within chemical transport models (CTMs) and chemistry–climate models (CCMs).
Modelling and Simulating the Efficiency and Elasticity of Gearboxes

Two elastic gearbox models with friction losses are presented; a 1-Degree Of Freedom (DOF) and a 3- DOF model. The presented models have advantages over the existing lossy gear model [7] of the Modelica Standard Library when gear vibrations are of interest. Care has been taken that also in the case of gear locking, the elasticity effects are treated adequately. In addition to external excitations, it is now also possible to model internal excitations of the gearbox caused by the varying stiffness and/ or damping. This varying stiffness can be specified by the user for each gear wheel. This feature can for instance be used to model tooth interaction or broken gears. Furthermore, the 3-DOF elastic model can simulate the elasticity of the support bearings in the load direction, which is impossible in the standard lossy gear model.
The Co-evolution of Gossip and Friendship at Work: Studying the Dynamics of Multiplex Social Networks

This study investigates the co-evolution of friendship and gossip in organizations. Two contradicting theories are tested. Social capital theory predicts that friendship causes gossip between employees, defined as informal evaluative talking about absent colleagues. Evolutionary theory reverses this causality claiming that gossiping facilitates friendship. The data comprises of three observations of a complete organizational network, allowing longitudinal social network analyses and causal inferences. Gossip and friendship are modeled as both explanatory and outcome networks with Multiple SIENA. Results support evolutionary theory, as gossip increases friendship formation in dyads. However, high gossip activity decreases the number of friends in the group.