Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Compact Model for Dual-Gate One-Dimensional FET: Application to Carbon-Nanotube FETs

A compact model for dual-gate (DG) carbon-nanotube field-effect transistors (FETs) (CNTFETs) is presented. This compact model includes the most significant mechanisms present in DG CNTFETs such as the Schottky barrier at the metal-nanotube interface, charge and electrostatic modeling, the band-to-band tunneling effect, and quasi-ballistic transport through the Landauer equation. Also, the structure of our DG CNTFET model and its associated equations are versatile and can be used to model different kinds of 1-D ballistic DG FETs, such as graphene-nanoribbon-based devices. Furthermore, this compact model is compared with measurements from two different technologies. Finally, a simple ring oscillator circuit has been simulated using ten identical devices.
Trends in infant bed sharing in the United States, 1993-2000: the National Infant Sleep Position study.

BACKGROUND Bed sharing with parents has been described as both beneficial to infant well-being and as a potentially lethal situation. OBJECTIVE To examine trends in bed sharing between infants and caregivers, and the factors that influence this behavior. DESIGN Annual nationally representative telephone surveys conducted between 1993 and 2000. SETTING The 48 contiguous United States. PARTICIPANTS Nighttime caregivers of infants born within 7 months prior to interview between 1993 and 2000. Approximately 1000 interviews were conducted each year for a total sample of 8453 nighttime caregivers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Where and with whom the infant usually slept at night in the preceding 2 weeks. RESULTS Forty-five percent of infants spent at least some time at night on an adult bed in the last 2 weeks. Between 1993 and 2000, the proportion of infants usually sharing an adult bed at night increased from 5.5% to 12.8%. More than 90% of infants who "usually" slept on an adult bed shared it with their parents. In a multivariate analysis, factors associated with increased probability of routine bed sharing included: maternal age less than 18 years (odds ratio [OR] = 2.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22-4.21), maternal race or ethnicity reported as black (OR = 4.04; 95% CI, 3.04-5.36) or as Asian or "other" (OR = 2.72; 95% CI, 1.74-4.22), household income less than $20,000 (OR = 1.49; 95% CI, 1.15 = 1.92), living in the Southern states compared with living in the Midwest (OR, 1.59; 95% CI = 1.23, 2.06), and infant age less than 8 weeks (OR = 1.60; 95% CI, 1.10-2.33). Living in the Mid-Atlantic compared with the Midwest (OR = 0.63; 95% CI, 0.44-0.90), and being born with low birthweight and preterm (OR = 0.32; 95% CI, 0.14-0.74) were associated with decreased probability of routine bed sharing. CONCLUSIONS Bed sharing as a routine practice is growing in the United States. Given that this practice seems to be widespread and strongly influenced by cultural factors, more studies of the consequences of bed sharing are needed to inform health care providers and parents on the risks and benefits.
Low Concentration of 5-Fluorouracil Increases the Effectiveness of Tumor RNA to Activate Murine Dendritic Cells.

AIM Considering the central role of dendritic cells (DCs) on the development of an antitumor immune response, in this study we used a murine model to evaluate how DC transfection with drug-treated tumor cell RNA changes their phenotype, and whether transfection enhances the in vivo effectiveness of a DC-based antitumor vaccine. MATERIALS AND METHODS MC-38 colorectal tumor cells were pretreated with the minimum effective concentration of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), then their total RNA was extracted and transfected into DCs. These DCs were inoculated into C57Bl/6 mice bearing subcutaneous MC-38 tumor. RESULTS DC transfection with drug-treated tumor RNA increases the percentages of CD40+ (from 37.6% to 61.4%), CD86+ (from 39.8% to 53.4%), and major histocompatibility complex class II+ (from 51.2% to 75.3%) cells, whereas significantly increases the in vivo generation of interferon-γ producer lymphocytes. CONCLUSION These results reinforce our view that treatment of tumor cells with 5-FU induces transcriptional changes that can be transferred to DCs by RNA transfection, enhancing their ability to stimulate an antitumor response.
Acute fasting diminishes the circadian rhythm of biochemical markers of bone resorption.

OBJECTIVE Biochemical markers of bone turnover exhibit circadian rhythms with the peak during the night/early morning and the nadir in the late afternoon. The nocturnal increase in bone resorption could theoretically be caused by the absence of food consumption which brings about a decrease in net calcium absorption and an increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH), followed by increased bone resorption in response to the body's demand for calcium. The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of a 33-h fast on the circadian variation in biochemical markers of bone turnover. DESIGN Eleven healthy premenopausal women (age: 24+/-5 years) participated in a randomised, cross-over study consisting of two periods: either 33h of fasting (fasting) followed 1 week later by a 33-h period with regular meals eaten at 0800-0830h, 1130-1230h and 1800-1900h (control) or vice versa. METHODS Urinary CrossLaps (U-CL/Cr) corrected with creatinine, as a marker of bone resorption; serum osteocalcin (sOC) as a marker of bone formation; serum intact PTH (iPTH); serum phosphate; and serum calcium corrected with albumin. RESULTS Both the fasting and the control periods showed a significant circadian rhythm in U-CL/Cr (P<0.001), but the decrease was significantly less pronounced in the morning hours during the fasting period. Fasting resulted in a significant decrease in serum iPTH (throughout the study period) as compared with the control period (P<0.05-0.001). No change was observed in sOC by fasting. CONCLUSION Food consumption has a small influence on the circadian variation in bone resorption, independent of PTH. The fall in iPTH during fasting may be secondary to an increased bone resorption produced by fasting.
Some Financial and Statistical Considerations of the Old Age Pension Scheme

There are many references in the pages of the Journal to Old Age Pensions, and in view of the Act of last year the subject—from a financial and statistical aspect—may be discussed without transgressing on questions of State policy. I therefore venture to submit the following notes of some of the financial and statistical questions involved, stimulated in so doing by Mr. G. F. Hardy's statement in his Presidential Address, that he believed our most important work lies in the proper application of actuarial principles to the many practical questions which arise from time to time. Old age pensions ranging from 1 s . to 5 s . a week according to the yearly means of the pensioners are granted to British subjects resident in the United Kingdom who have attained the age of seventy years, provided their yearly means do not exceed ￡31 10s. , and provided they are not disqualified on the ground of Poor Law Relief, imprisonment, or the other reasons set forth in Section 3 of the Act.
A Mutant Prion Protein Displays an Aberrant Membrane Association When Expressed in Cultured Cells (*)

Inherited forms of prion disease have been linked to mutations in the gene encoding PrP, a neuronal and glial protein that is attached to the plasma membrane by a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. One familial form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is associated with a mutant PrP containing six additional octapeptide repeats. We report here our analysis of cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing a murine homologue of this mutant PrP. We find that, like wild-type PrP, the mutant protein is glycosylated, GPI-anchored, and expressed on the cell surface. Surprisingly, however, cleavage of the GPI anchor using phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C fails to release the mutant PrP from the surface of intact cells, suggesting that it has an additional mode of membrane attachment. The phospholipase-treated protein is hydrophobic, since it partitions into the detergent phase of Triton X-114 lysates; and it is tightly membrane-associated, since it is not extractable in carbonate buffer at pH 11.5. Whether membrane attachment of the mutant PrP involves integration of the polypeptide into the lipid bilayer, self-association, or binding to other membrane proteins remains to be determined. Our results suggest that alterations in the membrane association of PrP may be an important feature of prion diseases.
Macroeconomic Stability in a Flexible Labor Market

This paper examines the relationship between labor market flexibility and macroeconomic stability from a post&#8208;Keynesian perspective. Considering two aspects of labor market flexibility, employment flexibility and real wage flexibility, I adopt the flex&#8211;output model to discuss employment flexibility and extend it by incorporating real wage dynamics induced from a wage&#8211;price Phillips curve to discuss real wage flexibility. Simulation of the model suggests that employment flexibility possibly increases instability of an economy whereas real wage flexibility reduces it.
New Trends in Sample Preparation Techniques for Environmental Analysis

Environmental samples include a wide variety of complex matrices, with low concentrations of analytes and presence of several interferences. Sample preparation is a critical step and the main source of uncertainties in the analysis of environmental samples, and it is usually laborious, high cost, time consuming, and polluting. In this context, there is increasing interest in developing faster, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly sample preparation techniques. Recently, new methods have been developed and optimized in order to miniaturize extraction steps, to reduce solvent consumption or become solventless, and to automate systems. This review attempts to present an overview of the fundamentals, procedure, and application of the most recently developed sample preparation techniques for the extraction, cleanup, and concentration of organic pollutants from environmental samples. These techniques include: solid phase microextraction, on-line solid phase extraction, microextraction by packed sorbent, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, and QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe).
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D₃ contributes to regulating mammary calcium transport and modulates neonatal skeletal growth and turnover cooperatively with calcium.

To assess the interaction of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) and dietary calcium on mammary calcium transport in lactating dams and skeletal growth and turnover in the neonate, female lactating 1α(OH)ase(+/-) or 1α(OH)ase(-/-) mice were fed either a high-calcium diet containing 1.5% calcium in the drinking water or a "rescue diet. " Dietary effects on the expression of molecules mediating mammary calcium transport were determined in the dams, and the effects of milk calcium content were assessed on skeletal growth and turnover in 2-wk-old 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-deficient pups. Results showed that the reduction of milk calcium levels in the 1α(OH)ase(-/-) dams and the elevation of milk calcium levels in dams fed the rescue diet were associated with the down- or upregulation of calbindin D(9k) and plasma membrane Ca(2+) ATPase isoform 2b expression, respectively, in mammary epithelial cells. The action of ambient calcium in stimulating skeletal growth in the neonates appeared to supercede the direct action of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), and the response of chondrocytes in the neonates to elevated calcium was more sensitive in hypocalcemic animals. Osteopenia was more apparent in pups nursed by dams with lower milk calcium than in 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-deficient pups nursed by dams with higher milk calcium. Bone formation parameters were increased significantly in all pups fed by dams on the rescue diet but were still lower in 1α(OH)ase(-/-) pups than in 1α(OH)ase(+/-) pups. Consequently, there is an important contributory role of calcium in conjunction with 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) to mammary calcium transport in lactating dams and skeletal growth and turnover in the neonate.
Exploring the Temporal Dimension in Cancer Patients' Experiences of Nonbiomedical Therapeutics

To date, research on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use by cancer patients has tended to provide a “snapshot” of experience, with little attention given to the evolution of experience over time. Drawing on data from solicited diaries, this article examines individual cancer patients' temporal experiences of CAM. Our findings suggest that experiences of CAM are variable over time and space, and furthermore, that the everyday act of “doing CAM” is considerably more problematic than is often reported in face-to-face interview or survey studies. This is explored in relation to the tension between the perceived need for restrictive self-discipline alongside a sense of the emancipatory potential of CAM; the role of CAM therapists in reconceptualizing disease; and the complex interplay between CAM-derived notions of self-healing and acceptance of individual mortality. We argue that an emphasis on the temporality of cancer patients' CAM engagement is necessary to access a more nuanced understanding of the lived experiences of cancer patients.
Postpartum Health in Mothers of Term and Preterm Infants

ABSTRACT Mothers have inadequate information about what to expect in the postpartum period in terms of their own health. Understanding common patterns of postpartum health may be particularly important for mothers of preterm low birthweight infants, so that they can plan how to optimize their own health as they care for their vulnerable infants. The purpose of this study was to compare the health of mothers of preterm and term infants prospectively for the first four months following delivery. This longitudinal descriptive study measured health status of 33 mothers of preterm infants and 32 mothers of term infants using health diaries and the Health Review Questionnaire every month for the first four months following delivery. No difference was observed between the two groups of mothers in how ill mothers reported feeling over time. The most common symptoms mothers experienced were headaches and cold symptoms. On average mothers reported between one and four days every month that they were not able to conduct their usual activities. Mothers reported feeling ill more frequently than they sought health care. The average mother at four months postpartum was still reporting she felt ill between 3 and 7 days during the month. This study has implications for families, health care providers, and policy makers.
Exponential Growth of Technology and the Impact on Economic Jobs and Teachings: Change by Assimilation

Today’s computer programs, AI, and Robotics, are vastly superior, faster, more accurate, and some people would argue, easier to deal with than most economists, statisticians, and the currently used economic models. If that is the case, what are we to do, and what are the options? There are many. This paper will provide research information on what is working or not, has changed, and what other options might lurk in the future for this holy grail of science. The literature shows that Artificial Intelligence offers a way to amplify and go beyond the current capacity of capital and labor to drive economic growth. UMO is just one of the examples showing what a hive mentality can achieve and how accurate and predictable the outcome can be. We will discuss how to suspend assumptions and why we ought to stay open to different ideas. Organizations such as Accenture research report on the impact of AI in 12 developed economies, stating it “reveals that AI could double annual economic growth rates in 2035 by changing the nature of work and creating a new relationship between man and machine. ”
Borrelia host adaptation Regulator (BadR) regulates rpoS to modulate host adaptation and virulence factors in Borrelia burgdorferi

The RpoS transcription factor of Borrelia burgdorferi is a ‘gatekeeper’ because it activates genes required for spirochaetes to transition from tick to vertebrate hosts. However, it remains unknown how RpoS becomes repressed to allow the spirochaetes to transition back from the vertebrate host to the tick vector. Here we show that a putative carbohydrate‐responsive regulatory protein, designated BadR (Borrelia host adaptation Regulator), is a transcriptional repressor of rpoS. BadR levels are elevated in B. burgdorferi cultures grown under in vitro conditions mimicking unfed‐ticks and badR‐deficient strains are defective for growth under these same conditions. Microarray and immunoblot analyses of badR‐deficient strains showed upregulation of rpoS and other factors important for virulence in vertebrate hosts, as well as downregulation of putative tick‐specific determinants (e.g. linear plasmid 28‐4 genes). DNA‐binding assays revealed BadR binds to upstream regions of rpoS. Site‐directed mutations in BadR and the presence of phosphorylated sugars affected BadR's binding to the rpoS promoters. badR‐deficient B. burgdorferi were unable to colonize mice. Several putative tick‐specific targets have been identified. Our study identified a novel regulator, BadR, and provides a link between nutritional environmental cues utilized by spirochaetes to adaptation to disparate conditions found in the tick and vertebrate hosts.
In vitro mechanism for downregulation of ER-α expression by epigallocatechin gallate in ER+/PR+ human breast cancer cells.

SCOPE Exposure of the breast to estrogens and other sex hormones is an important cancer risk factor and estrogen receptor downregulators are attracting significant clinical interest. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a polyphenolic compound found in green tea, has gained considerable attention for its antitumor properties. Here we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms through which EGCG regulates ER-α expression in ER+ PR+ breast cancer cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS Western blotting analysis, real-time PCR, and transient transfections of deletion fragments of the ER-α gene promoter show that EGCG downregulates ER-α protein, mRNA, and gene promoter activity with a concomitant reduction of ER-α genomic and nongenomic signal. These events occur through p38(MAPK) /CK2 activation, causing the release from Hsp90 of progesterone receptor B (PR-B) and its consequent nuclear translocation as evidenced by immunofluorescence studies. EMSA, and ChIP assay reveal that, upon EGCG treatment, PR-B is recruited at the half-PRE site on ER-α promoter. This is concomitant with the formation of a corepressor complex containing NCoR and HDAC1 while RNA polymerase II is displaced. The events are crucially mediated by PR-B isoform, since they are abrogated with PR-B siRNA. CONCLUSION Our data provide evidence for a mechanism by which EGCG downregulates ER-α and explains the inhibitory action of EGCG on the proliferation of ER+ PR+ cancer cells tested. We suggest that the EGCG/PR-B signaling should be further exploited for clinical approach.
DNA polymorphisms in linkage disequilibrium at the 3‘ end of the human APO AII gene: relationships with lipids, apolipoproteins and coronary heart disease

Two investigations were undertaken to analyze the 3’ region of the apolipoprotein AII (Apo AII) gene in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and controls. Previous studies have suggested that a MspI polymorphism in this gene may be associated with hypertriglyceridaemia, high levels of HDL cholesterol and Apo AII. To verify this hypothesis, the distribution of MspI genotypes and their possible associations with several plasma lipid variables were studied in 882 subjects (411 cases with MI and 471 controls) from the ECTIM study. There were no differences in genotype and allele frequencies between cases and controls, and no differences in lipid variable levels in controls carrying the less frequent MspI allele vs other controls. Using single‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis, we detected a new polymorphism which caused by a C‐to‐T transition located in the third intron near the splice junction site (acceptor). This polymorphism modifies a Bst Nl restriction site. The ECTIM population was screened for this new marker, and no significant associations with MI and plasma lipid levels were found. Our results suggest that these two variants located in the coding region of the Apo AII gene are unlikely to contribute significantly to the level of plasma lipid variables and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in the European population.
Integrated motor drive and non-isolated battery charger based on the torque cancelation in the motor

For a plug-in vehicle, the traction circuit components like electric motor, inverter, and sensors are not used during the battery charging. So there is a possibility to use them in the battery charger circuit that is called an integrated motor drive and battery charger which can be galvanically isolated or non-isolated from the grid utility. A novel integrated motor drive and non-isolated battery charger is presented and described. The drive system is based on a split-phase PM motor that has a double set of stator windings. The motor windings are reconfigured by a relay for the traction and charging operation. One important challenge to use the motor as three inductors in charger circuit is to have it in stand-still during the battery charging. Simulation and experimental results are provided to verify proper operation of the system. The results shows that the system has a good performance and the developed torque is negligible during the battery charging.
Unusual patterns in China’s prefectural GDP growth rates

ABSTRACT This article examines the last (rightmost) digit of China’s prefectural GDP growth rates, and find that they are unevenly distributedamong 0 to 9. There are too many 0s, 1s, 2s, 5s and too few 4s, 7s, 9s. Moreover, the distribution of the last digit is less skewed when the macro economy grows quickly and when the prefecture’s growth rate ranks high within the province. These patterns reveal that local officials artificially influence the data in order to exceed some thresholds. However, they do not necessarily imply that China's GDP data are falsified.
Sweat electrolyte loss during exercise in the heat: effects of gender and maturation.

Humans may lose large amounts of water and electrolytes from sweat during prolonged exercise in a hot climate. Gender and maturational differences for the total sweat electrolyte losses have not been reported. The purpose of this study was to compare sweat electrolyte losses of prepubescent (PP), pubescent (P) and young adult (YA) males and females, under the same environmental conditions and relative exercise intensities. Twenty-five females (8 PP, 9 P, 8 YA) and 26 males (10 PP, 8 P, 8 YA) cycled for two 20-min bouts at 50% of their peak VO2 in a climatic chamber (42 degrees C, 18% relative humidity). Sweat was collected from a plastic bag attached to the lower back. Total body sweat loss was calculated from the differences in nude body weight corrected for fluid intake, urine, and respiratory water loss. Sweat [Na+] and [Cl-] tended to increase with maturation while sweat [K+] was lower in YA compared with that of PP. Children had a lower sweating rate than YA, even when corrected for body surface area. As a result, total Na+ and Cl- losses per kg body weight from sweat (mEq.kg-1.h-1) were higher in YA compared with those of PP and P; however, no maturational difference was found in K+ losses. Within the same maturational group, there were no gender differences in any of the electrolyte losses. These results may be useful in recommending "optimal" fluid-electrolyte drinks for children exercising in the heat.