Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF THE FIRST GAIA DATA RELEASE ON ORBIT DETERMINATION AND IMPACT MONITORING OF NEAR-EARTH ASTEROIDS

The ESA Gaia mission has recently published the Data Release 1 (GDR1)[1] containing different data-sets of stellar astrometry. Based on a first calibration to be improved by future releases, GDR1 already represents an enormous upgrade in our knowledge of the sky. Roughly quantified as a factor ∼10 in accuracy, this achievement opens immediate perspectives of scientific exploitation in many branches of astrophysics [2]. Gaia is also directly measuring asteroid positions with unprecedent accuracy (few mas at V=20), that will appear in forthcoming data releases. GDR1 is completely changing our approach to asteroid observations, because now the limiting factor is so far given by the signal to noise ratio (SNR) and not by stellar catalogs. The consequences on orbit determination and impact monitoring are enormous, not to consider on the determination of non-gravitational perturbations as the Yarkovsky effect. When Gaia observations will be available, and a new debiasing and weighting scheme [2] will be done starting from future Gaia data releases, the combination of ground-based and Gaia data will be easier. For now, we analyze special objects using only observations reduced with GDR1, or objects which have required a specific and detailed study to combine ground-based and observations reduced with GDR1. We have already investigated the case of 2016 EK85, a Near-Earth Asteroid (NEA) which has been on the risk list for few weeks. We are also analyzing the list of NEAs with quasi-measurable Yarkovsky effect [4], i.e. for which the SNR of the Yarkovksy drift is close to 3, to see if there are possible cases to be studied using GDR1. References [1] Gaia Collaboration, Brown, A. G. A. , Vallenari, A. , Prusti, T. , de Bruijne, J. H. J., Mignard, F. , Drimmel, R. , Babusiaux, C. , Bailer-Jones, C. A. L. , Bastian, U. , and et al. (2016). Gaia Data Release 1. Summary of the astrometric, photometric, and survey properties. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 595:A2. [2] Spoto, F. , Tanga, P., Bouquillon, S. , Desmars, J., Hestroffer, D. , Mignard, F. , Herald, D. , Altmann, M. , Barache, C. , Carlucci, T. , Lister, T. , Marchant, J., and Taris, F. (2017). Ground-based asteroid astrometry calibrated by Gaia DR1: new perspective in orbit determination. In preparation. [3] Farnocchia, D. , Chesley, S. R. , Chamberlin, A. B. and Tholen, D.J. (2015). Star catalog position and proper motion corrections in asteroid astrometry, Icarus, Vol. 245. [4] Faggioli, L. , Del Vigna , A. , Milani, A. , Spoto, F. and Valsecchi, G.B. , Detection of Yarkovsky effect and solar radiation pressure on Near-Earth Asteroids (2016). AAS/Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting Abstracts. **************************************
1 2 . 8 Å resolution cryo-EM structure of human parechovirus 3 in 1 complex with Fab from a neutralizing antibody 2

# Correspondence to Aušra Domanska ausra.domanska@helsinki.fi, and Sarah J. Butcher 13 sarah.butcher@helsinki.fi 14 15 Abstract includes 133 words 16 Importance includes 104 words 17 Text (without title page, abstract, importance, references, table, and figure legends) includes 4361 18 words 19 JVI Accepted Manuscript Posted Online 21 November 2018 J. Virol. doi:10.1128/JVI.01597-18 Copyright © 2018 American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
EVALUATION OF CIRRUS PROPERTIES SIMULATED BY A SINGLE-COLUMN MODEL USING CLOUD RADAR OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS FROM A CLOUD-RESOLVING MODEL SIMULATION

Using cloud radar observations of cirrus cloud properties obtained at the ARM (Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program) SGP (Southern Great Plains) site and results from a CRM (cloud-resolving model) simulation, we are evaluating the cirrus properties simulated by a SCM (single-column model). The SCM is based on the NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction) MRF (Medium Range Forecast) model, which includes cloud water/ice as a prognostic variable. We used SCM and CRM simulations based on intensive observations made at the ARM SGP site for 29 days from 19 June to 17 July 1997. During this period, cirrus clouds, many generated by deep convection, were observed about 30 percent of the time by the cloud radar. To produce cirrus statistics from the SCM results that are comparable to the cloud radar observations, we used a method described by Klein and Jakob (1999) that uses the SCM cloud fraction profile and the SCM’s overlap assumption (random or maximum/random) to create a synthetic cloud field. The SCM’s cloud water/ice is assumed to be uniformly distributed in the clouds at each level. We then sampled the synthetic cloud fields like a cloud radar would to determine the statistical properties of "cirrus" and "thin cirrus", as defined by Mace et al. (2001). We compared the SCM’s cirrus cloud properties to those obtained by Mace et al. using the ARM cloud radar and the corresponding CRM simulation.
On Locally Minimum and Strongest Assumption Generation Method for Component-Based Software Verification

Since software becomes more complex during its life cycle, the verification cost becomes higher, especially for such methods which are using model checking in general and assume-guarantee reasoning in specific. To address the problem of reducing the assume-guarantee verification cost, this paper presents a method to generate locally minimum and strongest assumptions for verification of component-based software. For this purpose, we integrate a variant of membership queries answering technique to an algorithm which considers candidate assumptions that are smaller and stronger first, larger and weaker later. Because the algorithm stops as soon as it reaches a conclusive result, the generated assumptions are the locally minimum and strongest ones. The correctness proof of the proposed algorithm is also included in the paper. An implemented tool, test data, and experimental results are presented and discussed. key words: assume-guarantee reasoning, model checking, software verification, locally minimum assumption, locally strongest assumption
Uncertainties in risk assessment of CO 2 pipelines

The main goal of this study is to identify knowledge gaps and uncertainties in Quantitative Risk Assessments (QRA) for CO2 pipelines and to assess to what extent those gaps and uncertainties affect the final outcome of the QRA. The impact of methodological choices and uncertain values for input parameters on the results of QRA’s have been assessed through an extensive literature review and by using commercially available release, dispersion and effect models. It is made apparent that over the full life cycle of a QRA knowledge gaps and uncertainties are present that may have large scale impact on the accuracy of assessing risks of CO2 pipelines. These encompass the invalidated release and dispersion models, the currently used failure rates, choosing the type of release to be modeled and the dose-effect relationships assumed. Also recommendations are presented for the improvement of QRA’s for CO2 pipelines. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
A Note on School Quality , Educational Atainment and the Wage Gap Srikanth Ramamurthy

This paper explores the linkage between school quality, educational attainment and the wage gap. In a model of statistical discrimination based on both the quality and quantity of schooling, we show that lower quality education can, on average, lead to lower human capital accumulation and amplify the wage gap between different groups of individuals. Because blacks have lower access to good quality schools compared to whites, this link provides a novel explanation for the differences in black-white educational attainment and the resulting wage gap. This insight is also particularly relevant for the ongoing debate on public vs charter school programs. (JEL classification: J24, J71)
Bidding Rings in Privatization

This paper studies privatization problems, in which a social planner sells an indivisible object to one of the agents with private valuations (types), and explains the coexistence of auctions and consortia in practice with cooperative incentive in collusive bidding behaviors. By using the theory of optimal mechanism design with dominant strategy equilibria, we show the universal existence of bidding rings (entities that exercise collusive bidding in practice) without any restriction of independent types as in the literature of collusive bidding. Our finding of bidding rings is for generalized Vickrey auctions, which are similar to the Vickrey auction except that the payment of the winner depends not only on the second highest bid but also on other non-winners’ bids. We lay out our main result for a Vickrey auction without a reserve price from the ‘mechanism design approach,’ while postponing the result for a Vickrey auction with a reserve price from the ‘auction design approach. ’ In brief, we find that the optimal mechanism is a generalized Vickrey auction without a reserve price, that it is vulnerable to the bidding ring of a Groves scheme, and that the bidding ring can be established as a consortium to avoid collusive bidding.
Lecture 11 : Persistence induced by a function Topics in Computational Topology : An Algorithmic View Scribed by :

We will first summarize how the homology group of the subset level will change as it sweep through the critical points. With a little abuse of the notation, we call a small open neighborhood around a point p the star of the point p, which is introduced when we talked about simplical complex, with the topology of the open d-dimensional disk, St(p) ≈ R. The closure of that is called the closed star of p, St(p) ≈ B. The link of p is the difference between the closed star and the star of p, Lk(p) = St(p)−St(p) ≈ S d−1. To describe the local pattern, we need to talk about the portion within this small neighborhood with the function value that is lower than the point p. We call it lower star which is defined as lowSt(p) = {x ∈ St(p) | f(x) ≤ f(p)}. Similarly, we can define lower link of p as lowLk(p) = {x ∈ Lk(p) | f(x) ≤ f(p)}.
INSTITUTE OF ECONOMIC STUDIES WORKING PAPER SERIES W 06 : 11 December 2006 Evaluation of Icelandic trade flows , the gravity model approach

In this paper the objective is to explain the drivi ng export forces of a resource based economy. This is done by applying a gravity model to exports in Iceland . Results indicate that exports can be measured by so me of the conventional gravity measures. For the period 1971-1997, EFTA membershi p of trading partners is estimated to have positive impacts on exports. How ever, for the period 19881997, NAFTA and EU membership of trading partners i s estimated to be have positive effects on exports. Moreover, closer European integration effects on th e distant, resource based country are also analyzed. As to do this effective ly, recent gravity model estimation on the Nordic countries is applied to Ic eland as to determine potential exports from Iceland, if its trading pattern was si milar to the other Nordic countries. The comparison covers 1993 and 1994 and indicates that in most cases Iceland would be exporting considerable more if its trade pattern was identical to the exports of the Nordic countries.
Vibrio cholerae: General Knowledge and Epidemiological Aspects

Cholera is an infectious diarrheal disease, highly contagious transmitted by a gram-negative bacteria, Vibrio cholerae. The infectious strain is divided into two biotypes (El Tor and Classical) based on their phenotypic characteristics and three serotypes (Inaba, Ogawa, Hikojima) according to the antiserum agglutination test. The Hikojima serotypes form is very rarely found during an epidemic. To date, several studies have shown that the CTX phage which is a vibriophage, confers on the bacterium its infectious nature. Through its lysogenic cycle, it converts the bacterial host from a non-pathogenic strain to a pathogenic strain, thereby providing virulence genes to the bacterial host. In 2011, several cases of cholera were reported worldwide, and in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the first cases of cholera were identified in 1994 following the displacement of Rwandan refugees in the town of Goma, bordering Rwanda. Since then, cholera has become endemic in this region. In 2017, several cases of cholera have been reported in several provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo including Kinshasa. Hygienic measures must be taken into account to fight effectively against the disease. Strengthening the capacity of laboratory staff, the establishment of rapid molecular diagnostic tools is necessary for proper care of people living in areas likely to develop the cholera epidemic.
Effects of Brugmansia suaveolens fractions on Zabrotes subfasciatus ( Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae : Bruchinae )

The high costs of developing new insecticide molecules combined with stringent regulatory laws for pesticide registration have encouraged more research with insecticidal compounds of plant origin. Moreover, insecticidal plant compounds may be less harmful to humans and to non-target organisms, and present new modes of action to control insect pests. Thereby, bioguided chromatographic fractionations of the ethanolic extract from flowers of Brugmansia suaveolens (Willd.) (Solanaceae) were performed in order to identify insecticidal chemical compounds able to protect stored beans against Bruchinae beetles. The chromatographic fractionations using silica column chromatography was based on results from toxicological bioassays (residual contact) using Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman) as a model insect. During the bioguided chromatographic fractionations, the bioactive fractions expressed their effects mainly by inhibiting the F1 progeny of Z. subfasciatus. Consequently, damages on bean grains were completely inhibited. Moreover, some fractions also killed adults of Z. subfasciatus, which demonstrated signs of hyperexcitation. The fraction BSHidAcF1-1 (150 mg Kg) killed 56% of adults of Z. subfasciatus, promoted egg deterrence, and drastically reduced egg-
Temporal Action Localization

Video Understanding, which involves the approaches in both computer vision area and nature language processing area, has attracted many researchers’ attention in recent years. Many prior efforts focus on tasks like image recognition and object detection, which pave the way for some more challenging video tasks, like action recognition and temporal action localization. Actually, temporal action localization is still unsolved, at least not as successful as object detection. The relationship between temporal action localization and object detection is quite close, many temporal localization methods are directly borrowed from object detection method, such as R-C3D [8], which have the similar two stage structure with Faster-RCNN [3]. However, compared to objects in spatial field, actions in temporal field usually have more redundant information and larger variations in size. Thus, many researchers attempt to adapt some successful object detection models into multi-scale models. Even so, the gain of performance is still unsatisfying. Since this problem is still unsolved, it is worthwhile for us to explore further.
STATUS CHARACTERISTICS THEORY AND SEXUAL ORIENTATION : EXPLAINING GENDER DIFFERENCES IN RESPONSES TO SEXUAL ORIENTATION

In this paper I consider ways in which sexual orientation, either homosexual or heterosexual, affects group structure and individual responses to others. In particular I test whether men, compared with women form lower performance expectations for homosexual targets. I then test two mechanisms that may produce that result — universal salience and weighting. This research results from the status characteristics theoretical tradition explicated in Berger and Zelditch (1993). This study uses data from two vignette studies, Webster and Hysom (1995) and Webster, Hysom, and Fullmer (1998). Results show that men respond more negatively to a homosexual sexual orientation than women. Further, results do not show clear support for either proposed mechanism to explain these differences. [191] --------------[192]
Bridging Audio and Augmented Reality towards a new Generation
 of Serious Audio‑only Games

Abstract: Educational practices are constantly adjusting to technological advances, in order to improve their effectiveness in delivering knowledge and preparing students for the challenges of modern digital society. Electronic games and augmented reality environments are two such media that can shape powerful modes of interactive and immersive experiences. Audio games in particular, i.e. electronic games that utilise data sonification and audio interaction techniques to express all narrative and gameplay content, have been proven to enhance players’ skills, such as concentration, memory, fantasy, emotional response, perception, data management and cooperation. However, despite the promising research findings reported in literature, there has been no systematic approach in integrating systems based on audio interaction into formal education. This article suggests that audio games can be designed and implemented for the delivery of targeted curricula through an engaging learning experience, whereas fusing audio game mechanics into new interactive technologies, such as augmented reality environments, will further enhance the students’ immersiveness in the learning process. Towards establishing the theoretical framework for the design of educational audio games, as well as educational augmented reality audio games, the authors review existing approaches and argue that the inherent features of both audio interaction and augmented reality systems agree with the official educational goals formulated by the Greek Ministry of Education and the International Baccalaureate Institution. Then, they discuss four original projects in terms of sound and mechanics design to demonstrate that audio games can address a wide range of subjects, adopt cross‑curricular strategies, facilitate complex modes of interaction, and realise creative, collaborative and inclusive learning activities.
Prediction of The Result in 400 m Hurdle Races in Two Years Training Cycle

In this study, artificial neural networks conducting prediction of results in 400m hurdle races were presented. The determined models predict results that should be obtained by the given athlete for suggested training loads in a two-year training cycle. All models were determined based on training data of 21 athletes – Polish Athletics Association National Team members. The athletes featured a high training level (result in 400m hurdles: 51.26 ± 1.24 s). To assess the prediction ability of designed models, the leave-one-out cross-validation method was used. From the conducted analysis it follows, that the method generating the least prediction error is the artificial neural network with 6 neurons in the hidden layer and the hyperbolical tangent activation function. The optimal model generates prediction error at the level of RMSECV=0.75 s. The obtained model can be a tool supporting the coach in planning the training loads over a two-year training cycle. [Przednowek K, Iskra J, Lenik J, Cieszkowski S. Prediction of The Result in 400m Hurdle Races in Two Years Training Cycle. Life Sci J 2014;11(11):794-797]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite. com. 143
Numerical analysis of the structure model for 2-dementional micro-actuator in MEMS-based data storage

This paper focuses on the development of micro-actuators used in data storage fabrication and advocates new numerical analysis methods to acquire their frequency response characteristics. Two new kinds of MEMS-based storage micro-actuation principles are presented, by analyzing the characteristics of the fold flexure manufactured in the micro actuators and a new equivalent numerical model is advocated to simulate the fold flexure and then transform the total storage micro-actuate mechanism into FEM (Finite element model) of masses and spring structures. By this new method of model transformation, the frequency response curves are obtained by simulating the actual work procession and the experiment of natural frequency results are in good accord with the simulation results.
Chapter 12 ANALISYS OF P 53 GENE AALTERATIONS IN CANCER : A CRITICAL VIEW

He threw himself into the water and swam out in search of the swans, who caught sight of him and hurried towards him, their feathers ruffled. “Kill me” cried the poor animal, hanging his head towards the surface of the water, awaiting death. But what did he see in the transparent water? He saw his own image beneath him, no longer that of an ugly, dirty grey duckling, but that of a majestic swan. There’s no harm in being born in a farmyard when you hatch from a swan’s egg.
Social Networks and the Social Interaction in Family Relationships among Zimbabweans : A Survey on the Perceptions of Residents in Harare and Mashonaland West Provinces of Zimbabwe

Electronic communication is clearly becoming a reliable and chosen form of communication in the 21st century. The goal of this study was to determine how Zimbabweans perceive how the use of electronic communication, specifically text-based electronic communication, including e-mail, instant messaging, text messaging, and the social media networks Whatsapp, Twitter and Facebook, impacts on interpersonal relationship. To answer the research question, a descriptive survey design was opted for. Using the convenience sampling technique, a Survey Questions Interview Guide with both open ended and closed ended questions was distributed via the participants’ email. Of the 30 interview questionnaires distributed, only 20 responded. Thus the findings from this study are constructed from the views of 20 (n=20) participants. The results of this study showed that, when used correctly, user perception is that electronic communication positively impacts on interpersonal relationships. Since the sampling size of this study was small the researcher recommends a longer survey that is offered to more participants because it would offer more data about the perceptions of electronic communication and its impact on relationships.
EyeWindows : Using Eye-Controlled Zooming Windows for Focus Selection

Most windowing systems from the past twenty years use independent overlapping windows. However, today’s user is often engaged in numerous simultaneous tasks, with multiple windows vying for screen space. In these cases, overlapping windows can easily obscure each other, forcing the user to make constant manual adjustments in order to switch and monitor tasks. We have developed EyeWindows, an alternative windowing technique that uses eye-controlled zooming windows. In EyeWindows, information is distorted rather than obscured, and switching tasks is a simple matter of looking at the appropriate window.
Multiple-Crop Scheduling for Plant Factory

A plant factory is a crop production facility in which all the environmental elements for plant growth are artificially controlled. The operating cost of plant factories is usually high due to intensive energy consumption. It is crucial to choose appropriate crops for cultivation at proper time for revenue maximization. In this research, we propose a crop scheduling approach for plant factories. The proposed approach considers the factor of crop price fluctuation and contracts between plant factories and retailers. The crop scheduling is formulated as a mixed integer programming problem and is solved using branch-and-bound algorithms. The proposed approach can be incorporated into any plant factory to increase its production and revenue.