Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neuronal Activity in the Dorsal Premotor Area and Ventral Premotor Area of Monkeys adapting to a New Dynamic Environment

In a series of experiments, we investigated how neurons in the different motor areas of the frontal lobe reflect the movement dynamics, and how their neuronal activity undergoes plastic changes when monkeys learn a new dynamics. Here we describe the results obtained in the dorsal premotor area (PMd) and ventral premotor area (PMv). Monkeys performed visually instructed, delayed reaching movements before, during and after exposure and adaptation to a perturbing force field. The experimental design allowed dissociating the neuronal activity related to the movement dynamics from that related to the movement kinematics, and to investigate the neuronal plasticity associated with motor learning. During movement planning (i.e., during an instructed delay that followed the cue and preceded the go signal), dynamics-related activity was found in PMd but not in PMv. In contrast, neurons in both PMd and PMv reflected the movement dynamics during movement execution. In both PMd and PMv, neurons displayed plastic changes associated with the acquisition of a new dynamics, similar to that previously observed in the primary motor cortex (M1).
Prostaglandin use in neonatal transport

We read with great interest the paper of Vural et al 1 on the cardiac effects of single course antenatal betamethasone in preterm infants. In line with the observations of Dimitriou et al 2 on the effect of betamethasone on neonatal renal function, there is still need to further document the impact of antenatally administered steroids on various extrapulmonary outcome variables such as cardiovascular stability. We therefore would like to report on the use of dopamine in the first week …
Equatorially Dominated Magnetic Field Change at the Surface of Earth's Core

Slow temporal variations in Earth's magnetic field originate in the liquid outer core. We analyzed the evolution of nonaxisymmetric magnetic flux at the core surface over the past 400 years. We found that the most robust feature is westward motion at 17 kilometers per year, in a belt concentrated around the equator beneath the Atlantic hemisphere. Surprisingly, this motion is dominated by a single wavenumber and persists throughout the observation period. This phenomenon could be produced by an equatorial jet of core fluid, by hydromagnetic wave propagation, or by a combination of both. Discrimination between these mechanisms would provide useful constraints on the dynamics of Earth's core.
Diazaborine resistance in yeast involves the efflux pumps Ycf1p and Flr1p and is enhanced by a gain-of-function allele of gene YAP1.

We have found that YAP1-mediated diazaborine resistance in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires two efflux pumps, i.e. the major-facilitator-superfamily transporter Flr1p, which is located in the cytoplasmic membrane and the ATP-binding-cassette transporter Ycf1p which is present in the vacuolar membrane. Both these transporters are known to be under the control of the transcriptional transactivator Yap1p which explains our earlier finding that overexpression of YAP1 mediates diazaborine resistance. Overexpression of YAP1 in a Deltaflr1Deltaycf1 double disruptant strain does not mediate any diazaborine resistance, showing that these pumps are the only ones involved in detoxification of this drug. We also found a new mechanism of diazaborine resistance which is caused by an allelic form of YAP1, designated YAP1-11. This allele of YAP1 carries a mutation that leads to a C620F exchange in the C-terminal cysteine-rich-domain region and is the first mutant of YAP1 that was isolated by a conventional genetic screen for drug resistance. The protein encoded by the gain-of-function allele may transactivate by a different mechanism from the wild-type protein when overexpressed because it does not enhance YCF1 mRNA and still mediates diazaborine resistance in a Deltaflr1Deltaycf1 background.
Intramyocardial injections and protection against myocardial ischemia. An attempt to examine the cardioprotective actions of adenosine.

BACKGROUND Although adenosine has been proposed to be a cardioprotective agent, direct examination of such protection is confounded by its short half-life and hemodynamic effects. We attempted to avoid these problems by injecting adenosine directly into cardiac muscle. METHODS AND RESULTS We gave four adenosine injections (each 0.15 mL, 5 mg.mL-1 saline) into the left ventricular wall of rat hearts before a 60-minute occlusion. Although infarcts were smaller in adenosine-treated hearts (29 +/- 6%) than in controls (52 +/- 5%; P < .05), injection of saline also reduced infarct size (29 +/- 7%). Infarcts in hearts subjected to needle insertion but no fluid injection differed neither from control nor from fluid-treated hearts (38 +/- 4%). Adenosine reduced ectopic beats and the incidence of ventricular tachycardia during occlusion. In contrast, saline injection prolonged the duration of arrhythmias. To examine the spatial relationship between protection and the injection site, we gave 18 saline injections (each 0.15 mL) into canine myocardium before a 60-minute occlusion. Infarcts were smaller in saline-treated hearts than in controls (P < .01). Because infarcts in four hearts occupied < 3% of the risk region, we concluded that fluid injection did not itself cause appreciable necrosis and speculated that muscle was protected in the vicinity of the injection site. Previous work indicated that muscle can be protected by stretch. We examined this hypothesis by adding gadolinium chloride (a stretch-activated channel blocker) to the saline (0.008 g.mL-1) injection in rat hearts. We again found small infarcts after saline injection (26 +/- 5%); however, gadolinium blocked protection (50 +/- 7%; P < .03). CONCLUSIONS Although we were only partially successful in documenting adenosine-mediated cardioprotection, we found evidence for myocyte protection via a stretch-activated mechanism.
The relationship between perceived evaluation of weight and treatment outcome among individuals with binge eating disorder.

OBJECTIVE This study was designed to explore among individuals with binge eating disorder (BED) perceptions of others' evaluation of their weight-related behavior and affect aroused by such. METHOD Prior to treatment for binge eating and weight loss, 47 subjects diagnosed with BED completed a questionnaire designed to assess the perceived evaluation of an understanding and a critical individual in both positive and negative weight-related situations and subjects' affective responses to being evaluated. RESULTS Subjects exhibited characteristic patterns of affective response to perceived evaluation of their weight-related behavior, with negative situations and critical evaluators evoking greater degrees of negative affect. Negative affect in response to perceived evaluation was associated with poor outcome with weight loss but not binge eating. However, this finding was due to the correlation between negative affect in response to perceived evaluation and global severity of psychopathology (SCL-90-R). DISCUSSION The results suggest that psychopathology in this population predicts poor outcome with weight loss, and further that independent of its relationship with depression, psychopathology is strongly associated with a tendency to experience negative affect in response to perceived evaluation by others of weight-related behavior.
Loss and damage from the double blow of flood and drought in Mozambique

Loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate variability and climate change is currently an important topic being discussed under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. This study investigated loss and damage from floods and droughts among rural households living near the Limpopo, Zambezi and Save rivers in Mozambique. We used a questionnaire survey (n = 303) and qualitative research tools. The study showed that farmers in the research areas were caught between two evils. In the uplands, conditions for agriculture are extremely poor and crop yields are low; moreover, farmers face considerable risk of crop failure when drought hits. In the lowlands, close to the river, soil and water conditions are more favourable, but these areas experience frequent floods. Evidence from this study shows that farmers in the research areas are severely affected by both floods and droughts, and their capacity to cope and adapt is limited. With very little livelihood diversification and poor access to markets, crop failures translate almost directly into severe food insecurity among the population.
Bortezomib for multiple myeloma

The ubquitin–proteasome pathway is a key regulator of homeostasis within cells, degrading misfolded or redundant proteins, and also those involved in mediating transcription, cell-cycle progression and apoptosis. Inhibition of the 26S proteasome results in accumulation of such proteins and ultimately leads to cell death. Malignant cells are more susceptible to proteasome inhibition due to their higher proliferation rates, protein production and their dependence on anti-apoptotic molecules for cell survival. Bortezomib has recently gained European Commission approval for the treatment of relapsed multiple myeloma on the basis of clinical trials demonstrating its efficacy, tolerability and superiority to high-dose dexamethasone. Preclinical data demonstrates the ability to synergise with other chemotherapeutic agents and overcome drug resistance, and hence combination studies are underway. This review describes the pharmacology, toxicity, preclinical and clinical activity of bortezomib, predominantly in the setting of multiple myeloma.
Occupational Stress and Increased Risk for Type 2-Diabetes: A Narrative Review

Diabetes is a significant health problem in the United States. There is a large body of research that explains the biological and pathoetiological cause(s) of this increasingly prevalent disease. There is also an increasing body of research that explores the psychosocial causes of diabetes mellitus type 2. The association between stressful work organization and diabetes has been established as a significant precursor and causative agent of diabetes mellitus type 2. The objective of this narrative review is to discuss the impact of work stress as it applies to the rising incidence of diabetes type 2, and to propose the significance of implementing complementary and alternative therapies as a preventative strategy.
Karagöz : A Hierarchical Modeling and Animation System for Turkish Shadow Theater by

In this paper, we describe a hierarchical modeling and animation system for the Turkish Shadow Theater, Karagöz. Using hierarchical modeling, Karagöz is able to animate characters of the Turkish Shadow Theater by using model parameters related to the dierent parts of the body and the jointparameters between these parts. The system consists of two parts: the animation editor that is used as an authoring tool to create keyframe animations, and the model editor, that is used for creating the models used in the animations (e.g. Hacivat and Karagöz). The most important feature of Karagöz is its ability to support characters with an arbitrary structure. This is possible since in Karagöz, hierarchical modeling is implemented in a generic way, and direct manipulation techniques are used in the user interface, which eliminate the need for character-specic control knobs.
Neural encoding and spike generation for Spiking Neural Networks implemented in FPGA

In this article a new digital system for generating spike pulses is presented. In real time, the system can convert digital values into artificial neural spikes for Spiking Neural Networks (SNN). The digital system can perform three basic functions: to generate spikes, to convert digital data values into pulse trains and, additionally, to encode spike trains on three major code classes reported in the scientific literature of neuroscience: rate coding, temporal coding or population coding. This system is therefore a digital interface between the physical world, computer systems, or digital data and SNN that are processed in real time. A functional prototype module was developed in a Ciclone IV FPGA using less then 300 logic blocks.
Studies on self-esteem of penile size in young Korean military men.

AIM To investigate the flaccid and stretched penile sizes of young Korean men and their complexes or pride about their penile size. METHODS After an explanation and agreement to the purpose and methods of this study, 123 Korean men in their early 20's visiting the Jinhae Military General Hospital were included in the study. The flaccid penile length, flaccid mid-shaft circumference, stretched length and pre-pubic bone fat pad depth were measured in a warm comfortable environment. The accuracy the subjects assessed their penile size was investigated by asking them to rate their penile size, as 'very small', 'small', 'normal', 'large'or 'very large', All subjects were asked to complete the Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory (MMPI) test. RESULTS The mean flaccid length, flaccid circumference, stretched length and fat pad depth of the 123 subjects were (6.9+/-0.8) cm, (8.5+/-1.1) cm, (9.6 +/-0.8) cm and (1.1 +/-0.4) cm, respectively. The answer distribution on penile size was 1 (0.8 %) 'very small', 29 (23.6 %) 'small', 86 (69.9 %) 'normal', 6 (4.9 %) 'large' and 1 (0.8%) 'very large'. Subjects who underestimated their penile size showed significantly higher scores on the hypochondriasis (Hs), depression (D) and psychasthenia (Pt) subscales of the MMPI than those in the Unbiased Group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION In consultation, with a patient requesting penile augmentation, the urologist should consider the psychologic attitude of the patient to his penile size.
The Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) Has Two Very Similar Semenogelin Genes as the Result of Gene Conversion1

Abstract The semen coagulum proteins have undergone substantial structural changes during evolution. In primates, these seminal vesicle-secreted proteins are known as semenogelin I (SEMG1) and semenogelin II (SEMG2). Previous studies on the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) showed that ejaculated semen from this New World monkey contains semenogelin, but it remained unclear whether it carries both genes or only SEMG1 and no SEMG2, like the closely related cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus). In this study we show that there are two genes, both expressed in the seminal vesicles. Surprisingly, the genes show an almost perfect sequence identity in a region of 1.25 kb, encompassing nearly half of the genes and containing exon 1, intron 1, and the first 0.9 kb of exon 2. The underlying molecular mechanism is most likely gene conversion, and a phylogenetic analysis suggests that SEMG1 is the most probable donor gene. The marmoset SEMG1 in this report differs from a previously reported cDNA by a lack of nucleotides encoding one repeat of 60 amino acids, suggesting that marmoset SEMG1 displays allelic size variation. This is similar to what was recently demonstrated in humans, but in marmosets the polymorphism was generated by a repeat duplication, whereas in humans it was a deletion. Together, these studies shed new light on the evolution of semenogelins and the mechanisms that have generated the structural diversity of semen coagulum proteins.
Spatial power combiner using an active reflectarray of dual-feed aperture coupled microstrip patch antennas

An X-band 37-element microstrip patch reflectarray is explored as a power combining structure for MMIC amplifiers. This power combiner uses a planar array of dual-feed aperture coupled antenna elements and a small dual-corporate feed sub-array as a signal distributing receiving device. The MMIC amplifiers are located within the sections of transmission lines connecting orthogonal ports of the patches. Delay lines at the output ports of these amplifiers compensate for unequal electrical paths so that the amplified signals add in phase at the receiving sub-array to achieve maximum combined power.
New Approach with Hybrid of Artificial Neural Network and Ant Colony Optimization in Software Cost Estimation

Nowadays, software cost estimation (SCE) with machine learning techniques are more performance than other traditional techniques which were based on algorithmic techniques. In this paper, we present a new hybrid model of multi-layer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network (ANN) and ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm for high accuracy in SCE called Multilayer Perceptron Ant Colony Optimization (MLPACO). Current research uses some of features for increasing accuracy of estimation among of the existing parameters has been considered for effort estimation in software projects, and then these selected features will be filtered by ACO algorithm in order to reach highest accuracy in estimation and optimization of MLP ANN method. The results show that this novel approach with high accuracy for more than 80% cases is better than algorithmic constructive cost model (COCOMO) in the majority cases. Also, the results of proposed algorithm show that mean magnitude of relative error (MMRE) in the proposed algorithm is lower than COCOMO model.
Default Router Preferences and More-Specific Routes

This document describes an optional extension to Router Advertisement messages for communicating default router preferences and more- specific routes from routers to hosts. This improves the ability of hosts to pick an appropriate router, especially when the host is multi-homed and the routers are on different links. The preference values and specific routes advertised to hosts require administrative configuration; they are not automatically derived from routing tables. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
Integration of a 140 GHz Packaged LTCC Grid Array Antenna With an InP Detector

Integration of a 140-GHz packaged low-temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) antenna with a power detector is demonstrated under the concept of antenna-in-package. The detector is designed on an indium phosphide (InP) process. A grid array antenna in LTCC is designed to provide package for the detector. Coplanar ground-signal-ground (GSG) bond wires are used to connect the detector and the antenna. Parallel plate mode is observed in the InP substrate and absorbed by the LTCC substrate. The comparison between the measured responsivity of the power detector with and without the antenna indicates the acceptable insertion loss of the coplanar GSG bond wires transition. It shows a feasible solution for the D-band front-end integration and packaging.
The rank of Mazur’s Eisenstein ideal

We use pseudodeformation theory to study Mazur's Eisenstein ideal. Given prime numbers $N$ and $p>3$, we study the Eisenstein part of the $p$-adic Hecke algebra for $\Gamma_0(N)$. We compute the rank of this Hecke algebra (and, more generally, its Newton polygon) in terms of Massey products in Galois cohomology, answering a question of Mazur and generalizing a result of Calegari-Emerton. We also also give new proofs of Merel's result on this rank and of Mazur's results on the structure of the Hecke algebra.
Tissue components of weight loss in cancer patients. A new method of study and preliminary observations

A new approach using anthropometric, radiographic, biochemical, and ultrasonic methods allowed partition of body weight into fat, fat‐free mass, skeletal muscle, and volume of heart, liver, kidneys, spleen, and tumor. These methods were used to evaluate body composition longitudinally in a pilot group of nine cancer patients, seven of whom lost weight (> 2.5 kg) during the study period. Two control groups also underwent the protocol: (1) healthy subjects (∓ 10% IBW) of similar age, sex, and height; and (2) patients with weight loss due to anorexia nervosa. Weight loss in both the cancer and anorexia nervosa groups could be accounted for primarily by loss in fat and skeletal muscle; although the relative magnitude of these tissue losses were approximately the same in both groups, cancer patients lost relatively less body weight. This was because (1) overt or occult ascites (detected radiographically) was present in cancer patients (3 of 9); (2) tumor bulk increased fat‐free mass by up to 1 to 2 kg; and (3) the proportional loss in visceral organ volume was less in cancer patients than in anorexia nervosa patients. In the latter group, heart, liver, kidneys, and spleen were reduced in proportion to body weight, whereas in the cancer group as a whole, these organs (when uninvolved with tumor) lost little (heart and kidneys) or no volume (liver and spleen). This initial study suggests that the principal endogenous energy and nitrogen sources during evolution of weight loss in cancer are primarily adipose tissue triglycerides and skeletal muscle proteins. In some cancer patients, fluid accumulation, a large tumor burden, and the slow rate of visceral organ atrophy make body weight an unreliable index of available energy‐nitrogen reserves.
Cinacalcet (KRN1493) effectively decreases the serum intact PTH level with favorable control of the serum phosphorus and calcium levels in Japanese dialysis patients.

BACKGROUND Cinacalcet hydrochloride (KRN1493) acts on the parathyroid calcium receptors to suppress parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion, and is already in wide use in the United States and the European countries. In this study, we examined the efficacy and safety of cinacalcet in Japanese patients on maintenance haemodialysis. METHODS One hundred forty-four patients with serum intact PTH (iPTH) levels >or=300 pg/ml were enrolled and randomly allocated to two groups assigned to receive either cinacalcet or placebo for 14 weeks. Cinacalcet was started at the dose of 25 mg/day and titrated up to 100 mg/day to achieve the target iPTH level of <250 pg/ml. RESULTS Cinacalcet significantly decreased the median iPTH level from 606.5 pg/ml to 241.0 pg/ml, despite the mean dialysis vintage being 2.4 times longer (14.3+/-7.1 years) and the proportion of patients receiving vitamin D sterols being higher, than in the phase 3 studies conducted in the US/EU. The target iPTH level was achieved in 51.4% of the patients in the cinacalcet group, in sharp contrast to only 2.8% in the placebo group. Furthermore, the percentage of patients with both the serum calcium and phosphorus levels within the target range in the K/DOQI guidelines increased from 4.2% to 26.4% by cinacalcet. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that lower dose levels of cinacalcet, as compared to those in US/EU studies, may be sufficient effectively suppress the serum iPTH levels and allow favourable management of the serum calcium and phosphorus levels in Japanese patients, having a longer average dialysis vintage.