Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Brain-wide electrical dynamics encode an appetitive socioemotional state

Many cortical and subcortical regions contribute to complex social behavior; nevertheless, the network level architecture whereby the brain integrates this information to encode appetitive socioemotional behavior remains unknown. Here we measure electrical activity from eight brain regions as mice engage in a social preference assay. We then use machine learning to discover an explainable brain network that encodes the extent to which mice chose to engage another mouse. This socioemotional network is organized by theta oscillations leading from prelimbic cortex and amygdala that converge on ventral tegmental area, and network activity is synchronized with brain-wide cellular firing. The network generalizes, on a mouse-by-mouse basis, to encode socioemotional behaviors in healthy animals, but fails to encode an appetitive socioemotional state in a ‘high confidence’ genetic mouse model of autism. Thus, our findings reveal the architecture whereby the brain integrates spatially distributed activity across timescales to encode an appetitive socioemotional brain state in health and disease.
New Vibrio spp . associated to the clam culture in Ria de Pontevedra ( NW Spain )

Introduction It is well known that Vibrio species constitute an important percentage of the heterothrophic bacteria associated with marine bivalves, especially oysters, mussels and clams. Several Vibrio species can be pathogenic and are associated with disease outbreaks, therefore the accurate identification of these microorganisms is important. Vibrio spledidus has been found to be a dominant Vibrio species in coastal marine sediments, seawater and bivalves in temperate climates (Farto et al., 2003; Le Roux et al., 2006; Sobecky et al., 1998). Several reports have proved that other species are phylogenetically related and they comprise the Splendidus clade (Beaz-Hidalgo et al., 2009). Some of these species have been associated with mortality in a wide range of marine animals, such a as mollusks (Garnier et al., 2007; Gómez-León et al.,2005; Lacoste et al., 2001; Nicolas et al., 1996), fish (Jensen et al., 2003), shrimps (Leano et al., 1998) and octopus (Farto et al., 2003). Currently, twelve species, including Vibrio lentus, V. tasmaniensis, V. kanaloae, V. pomeroyi, V. chagasii, V. cyclitrophicus, V. gigantis, V. crassostreae, V. gallaecicus, V. celticus, V. atlanticus and V. artabrorum. (Beaz-Hidalgo et al., 2009, Beaz-Hidalgo et al., in press). Here we present some strains isolated from carpet-shell clams (Ruditapes decussatus) that may constitute new species within the Splendidus clade.
A Government of Laws and Not of Machines

The technological tool du jour is known as “machine learning,” a powerful form of data mining that uses mathematical algorithms to construct computer models that provide hidden insights by extracting patterns from enormous historical data sets, often for the purpose of making predictions about the future. Machine learning is all around us — it is used for spam filters, facial recognition, the detection of bank fraud and much more — and it is immensely powerful. It can analyze enormous amounts of information and extract relationships in the data that no human would ever discover. Despite its promise, there are reasons to remain skeptical of using machine learning predictions. Existing critiques of machine learning usually focus on one of two types of concerns — one identifies and aims to address the many potential pitfalls that might result in inaccurate models and the other assesses machine learning’s consistency with norms such as transparency, accountability, and due process. This paper takes a step back from the nuts and bolts questions surrounding the implementation of predictive analytics to consider whether and when it is appropriate to use machine learning to make government decisions in the contexts of national security and law enforcement. It argues that certain characteristics of machine-learning generate tensions with rule-of-law principles and that, as a result, machine-learning predictions can be valuable instruments in some decision-making contexts but constitute a threat to fundamental values in others. The paper concludes that government actors should exploit the benefits of machine learning when they enjoy broad decision-making discretion in making decisions, while eschewing it when government discretion is highly constrained.
Image superresolution by midfrequency sparse representation and total variation regularization

Abstract. Machine learning has provided many good tools for superresolution, whereas existing methods still need to be improved in many aspects. On one hand, the memory and time cost should be reduced. On the other hand, the step edges of the results obtained by the existing methods are not clear enough. We do the following work. First, we propose a method to extract the midfrequency features for dictionary learning. This method brings the benefit of a reduction of the memory and time complexity without sacrificing the performance. Second, we propose a detailed wiping-off total variation (DWO-TV) regularization model to reconstruct the sharp step edges. This model adds a novel constraint on the downsampling version of the high-resolution image to wipe off the details and artifacts and sharpen the step edges. Finally, step edges produced by the DWO-TV regularization and the details provided by learning are fused. Experimental results show that the proposed method offers a desirable compromise between low time and memory cost and the reconstruction quality.
Psychiatric Comorbidity in Migraine: A Review

Investigations of migraine comorbidity have confirmed its association with diverse psychiatric conditions. This association appears to be strongest for major depression and anxiety disorders (particularly panic and phobia), but increased comorbidity has also been reported with substance abuse and certain mood disorders. This literature also indicates that greater psychiatric comorbidity exists for migraine sufferers with aura than without. Some support is found for the notion that psychiatric comorbidity is higher in transformed migraine than in simple migraine (particularly in the case of chronic substance abuse). However, research into the possible mechanisms underlying these associations remains limited. Studies examining the order of onset and the cross-transmission of migraine and psychiatric disorders in families have been unable to distinguish fully between causal and common aetiological models of association. The conclusions are discussed in light of both methodological and conceptual issues relevant to understanding migraine comorbidity.
Blue-light versus green-light autofluorescence: lesion size of areas of geographic atrophy.

PURPOSE Blue-light fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging is currently widely used for assessing dry age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). However, at this wavelength, the fovea appears as circular zone of marked hypofluorescence, due to the absorption of macular pigment (MP). This dark spot could be misinterpreted as an atrophic area and could lead to difficulties in identifying small, central changes. The purpose of the study was to analyze differences in image quality, FAF patterns, and lesion size, when using conventional blue-light (Λ(1) = 488 nm) and green-light (Λ(2) = 514 nm) FAF. METHODS Patients older than 50 years with central areas of geographic atrophy (GA) secondary to ARMD were enrolled. Images were recorded with a modified confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (cSLO). Image quality and patterns were analyzed. The quantification of the GA was performed with customized image-analysis software. RESULTS In total, 95 eyes were included. The borders of the central atrophic patches and the boundaries of the preserved foveal island were better identified in 514-nm images. In both excitation wavelengths the signal-to-noise ratio was sufficient for the identification of the FAF pattern. Significant differences were observed in the size of the GA areas detected in the 488- and 514-nm wavelength images (4.29 ± 3.76 mm(2) vs. 3.80 ± 3.68 mm(2); P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The green-light FAF images (514 nm) are superior for the accurate analysis of small, central, pathologic changes, and for the determination of the central GA lesion size. Using only blue-light FAF could lead to an overinterpretation of the size of atrophic patches and the center involvement, because it suggests the presence of atrophy in the fovea.
The Cambridge companion to Wittgenstein

1. Ludwig Wittgenstein: life and work an introduction Hans Sluga 2. Wittgenstein's critique of philosophy Robert J. Fogelin 3. Pictures, logic, and the limits of sense in Wittgenstein's Tractatus Thomas Ricketts 4. Fitting versus tracking: Wittgenstein on representation Donna M. Summerfield 5. Philosophy as grammar Newton Garver 6. A philosophy of mathematics between two camps Steve Gerrard 7. Necessity and normativity Hans-Johann Glock 8. Wittgenstein, mathematics, and ethics: resisting the attractions of realism Cora Diamond 9. Notes and afterthoughts on the opening of Wittgenstein's Investigations Stanley Cavell 10. Mind, meaning, and practice Barry Stroud 11. 'Whose house is that? ' Wittgenstein on the self Hans Sluga 12. The question of linguistic idealism revisited David Bloor 13. Forms of life: mapping the rough ground Naomi Scheman 14. Certainties of a world-picture: the epistemological investigations of On Certainty Michael Kober 15. The availability of Wittgenstein's philosophy David Stern.
Systematic Review of Sexual Dysfunction Among Veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.

INTRODUCTION The clinical observations that many Vietnam veterans complained of sexual problems after returning from active duty have led to the question of a correlation between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and sexual dysfunction (SD). AIM The purpose of this review is to systematically review the current literature regarding SD in male veterans with PTSD. METHODS A systematic literature search, primarily in PubMed, the Cochrane database, and PsycINFO, was conducted. The keywords Sexual Dysfunction, Psychological OR Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological AND Stress Disorders, and Post-Traumatic were used. All manuscripts with relevance to the aim of the review were reviewed and considered. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE A total of 123 results were generated from the search. There were 11 publications regarding SD in veterans with PTSD included in the review. RESULTS The included studies are described in detail in the Results section. All but one study found an increased and significant prevalence of SD among male veterans with PTSD, especially erectile dysfunction and decreased sexual desire. SD increased in patients with PTSD, with a prevalence between 8.4% and 88.6%; the large prevalence range were partly the result of methodological differences. Only two studies have examined the correlation between the severity of PTSD symptoms and SD, with conflicting results. Samples were of relatively moderate size. Only a few confounding factors were accounted for in the included studies. CONCLUSION Increasing evidence suggests a correlation between PTSD and SD, but still, relatively few studies have addressed these questions. Further investigation is needed into the correlation between PTSD and SD, preferably taking severity of PTSD symptoms into account, along with confounders such as use of psychotropic medication, somatic illness, drug and alcohol abuse, and comorbid psychiatric illness. Bentsen IL, Giraldi AGE, Kristensen E, and Andersen HS. Systematic review of sexual dysfunction among veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. Sex Med Rev 2015;3:78-87.
Influence of transforming growth factor β1 and other growth factors on basic fibroblast growth factor level and proliferation of cultured human prostate‐derived fibroblasts

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has been identified in the human prostate. The level of bFGF has been reported to be elevated in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), compared with normal prostate, suggesting that the growth factor may play a role in this disease of the prostate. Basic FGF is a mitogen for cultured human prostate‐derived fibroblasts (PF). PF also synthesize bFGF, suggesting that growth regulation of these cells may be under autocrine control. The current study was undertaken to identify factors that affect PF proliferation and bFGF expression. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) inhibited PF proliferation. The inhibition by TGF‐β1 was partially overcome by bFGF but not by epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin‐like growth factor type 1 (IGF‐1), or insulin. Incubation of PF with TGF‐β1 increased bFGF mRNA and immunoreactive bFGF levels in a dose‐ and time‐dependent fashion. None of the other growth factor studies affected bFGF levels. PF were also found to express TGF‐β1 mRNA, the level of which was increased two‐ to fivefold by TGF‐β1. These observations suggest that PF proliferation is controlled by the interaction of two different growth factors. It is possible that bFGF/TGF‐β imbalance in favor of cell proliferation promotes prostatic stromal hyperplasia. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, inc.
M-Ticketing System using QR Codes for Mumbai Local

The Mumbai Suburban Railway serves up to 7.5 million commuters every day. It is a challenging task to provide a convenient and smooth ticketing experience to the commuters. The Mumbai Suburban railway uses the Proof-of-Payment fare collection system. Commuters have to stand in long queues to purchase a ticket. This causes inconvenience to the commuters. Many a times, to avoid such long queues and save time or if passengers are running late, they opt for going ticketless. The ticket checkers also have to manually check the commuters’ ticket which requires them to manually analyze every ticket for validation. To serve so many people there was a need to have an alternate option other than manual purchasing. Therefore, an app called UTSOnMobile was released for online ticket booking. However, the app proved to be inconvenient to the commuters and was criticized due to the tedious payment process, and other limitations like tedious registration process, inability to book tickets at the platform and outside the predetermined range, inability to download e-ticket offline etc.
Association between a name change from palliative to supportive care and the timing of patient referrals at a comprehensive cancer center.

PURPOSE Palliative care consultation services are now available in the majority of cancer centers, yet most referrals to palliative care occur late. We previously found that the term "palliative care" was perceived by oncology professionals as a barrier to early patient referral. We aimed to determine whether a service name change to supportive care was associated with earlier referrals. PATIENTS AND METHODS Records of 4,701 consecutive patients with a first palliative care consultation before (January 2006 to August 2007) and after (January 2008 to August 2009) the name change were analyzed, including demographics and dates of first registration to hospital, advanced cancer diagnosis, palliative care consultation, and death. One-sample proportions tests, median tests, χ(2) tests, and log-rank tests were used to identify group differences. RESULTS The median age was 59 years, 50% were male, and 90% had solid tumors. After the name change, we found: (a) a 41% greater number of palliative care consultations (1,950 versus 2,751 patients; p < .001), mainly as a result of a rise in inpatient referrals (733 versus 1,451 patients; p < .001), and (b) in the outpatient setting, a shorter duration from hospital registration to palliative care consultation (median, 9.2 months versus 13.2 months; hazard ratio [HR], 0.85; p < .001) and from advanced cancer diagnosis to palliative care consultation (5.2 months versus 6.9 months; HR, 0.82; p < .001), and a longer overall survival duration from palliative care consultation (median 6.2 months versus 4.7 months; HR, 1.21; p < .001). CONCLUSION The name change to supportive care was associated with more inpatient referrals and earlier referrals in the outpatient setting. The outpatient setting facilitates earlier access to supportive/palliative care and should be established in more centers.
Review of genetic and epigenetic alterations in hepatocarcinogenesis

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with multiple risk factors and is believed to arise from pre‐neoplastic lesions, usually in the background of cirrhosis. However, the genetic and epigenetic events of hepatocarcinogenesis are relatively poorly understood. HCC display gross genomic alterations, including chromosomal instability (CIN), CpG island methylation, DNA rearrangements associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA integration, DNA hypomethylation and, to a lesser degree, microsatellite instability. Various studies have reported CIN at chromosomal regions, 1p, 4q, 5q, 6q, 8p, 10q, 11p, 16p, 16q, 17p and 22q. Frequent promoter hypermethylation and subsequent loss of protein expression has also been demonstrated in HCC at tumor suppressor gene (TSG), p16, p14, p15, SOCS1, RIZ1, E‐cadherin and 14–3‐3 σ. An interesting observation emerging from these studies is the presence of a methylator phenotype in hepatocarcinogenesis, although it does not seem advantageous to have high levels of microsatellite instability. Methylation also appears to be an early event, suggesting that this may precede cirrhosis. However, these genes have been studied in isolation and global studies of methylator phenotype are required to assess the significance of epigenetic silencing in hepatocarcinogenesis. Based on previous data there are obvious fundamental differences in the mechanisms of hepatic carcinogenesis, with at least two distinct mechanisms of malignant transformation in the liver, related to CIN and CpG island methylation. The reason for these differences and the relative importance of these mechanisms are not clear but likely relate to the etiopathogenesis of HCC. Defining these broad mechanisms is a necessary prelude to determine the timing of events in malignant transformation of the liver and to investigate the role of known risk factors for HCC.
Bayesian Model Averaging for Improving Performance of the Naive Bayes Classifier

Feature selection has proved to be an effective way to reduce the model complexity while giving a relatively desirable accuracy, especially, when data is scarce or the acquisition of some feature is expensive. However, the single selected model may not always generalize well for unseen test data whereas other models may perform better. Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) is a widely used approach to address this problem and there are several methods for implementing BMA. In this project, a formula appropriate for applying BMA on Naive Bayesian classifier is derived and the corresponding algorithm is also developed. We expect this modified classifier can always do better than Naive Bayes classifier and is competitive with other linear classifiers such as SVM and Logistic Regression, so a series of performance comparison on several different classifiers are made. To provide a comprehensive evaluation, we build all of the test classifiers under same framework API, use UCI data sets as data sources to train classifiers and apply cross-validation to assess statistical significance of the results. The results indicate three property of our modified classifier. Firstly, the prediction accuracy of our modified classifier is either better than Naive Bayes or, at least, equal to that of Naive Bayes and, in some cases, even better than SVM and Logistic Regression. Secondly, the running speed is faster than SVM and Logistic Regression. Thirdly, time complexity of the modified classifier is linear with respect to number of data as well as number of features. Keywords— Bayesian Model Averaging, Naive Bayes, Feature Selection.
Bimanual Microincision versus Standard Coaxial Small-Incision Cataract Surgery: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Purpose This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the outcomes of bimanual microincision cataract surgery (B-MICS) through a 1.2- to 1.5-mm incision versus standard coaxial small-incision cataract surgery (C-SICS) through a 2.8- to 3.2-mm incision. Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed according to the Cochrane Collaboration methodology to identify randomized controlled clinical trials comparing B-MICS with standard C-SICS. Main outcome measures were mean surgical time, mean phacoemulsification power, effective phacoemulsification time, best-corrected visual acuity, surgically induced astigmatism (SIA), mean laser flare photometry values, mean endothelial cell loss, mean increased central corneal thickness, and intraoperative and postoperative complications. Results We identified 14 randomized controlled clinical trials that included 1235 eyes diagnosed with cataracts. No statistically significant differences were detected between the 2 surgical procedures in terms of best-corrected visual acuity (p>0.05), SIA at postoperative 1 month (p = 0.09), laser flare photometry values (p = 0.38), mean endothelial cell loss (p = 0.53), increased central corneal thickness at postoperative 1 month (p = 0.64) or 3 months (p = 0.88), intraoperative complications (p = 0.68), and postoperative complications (p = 0.30); however, statistically significant differences were apparent for mean surgical time (p<0.00001), mean phacoemulsification power (p = 0.008), effective phacoemulsification time (p = 0.0009), SIA at postoperative 3 months (p = 0.02), and increased central corneal thickness at postoperative 1 day (p = 0.04). Conclusions The meta-analysis shows that the 2 techniques have similar outcomes in terms of final visual acuity and complications. Bimanual MICS has the advantage of less SIA and phaco time whereas C-SICS has the advantage of quicker surgery and less likelihood of early-onset corneal edema.