Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A mutation operator self-adaptive differential evolution particle swarm optimization algorithm for USV navigation

To keep the global search capability and robustness for unmanned surface vessel (USV) path planning, an improved differential evolution particle swarm optimization algorithm (DePSO) is proposed in this paper. In the optimization process, approach to optimal value in particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) and mutation, hybridization, selection operation in differential evolution algorithm (DE) are combined, and the mutation factor is self-adjusted. First, the particle population is initialized and the optimization objective is determined, the individual and global optimal values are updated. Then differential variation is conducted to produces new variables and cross over with the current individual, the scaling factor is adjusted adaptively with the number of iterations in the mutation process, particle population is updated according to the hybridization results. Finally, the convergence of the algorithm is determined according to the decision standard. Numerical simulation results show that, compared with conventional PSO and DE, the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce the path intersection points, and thus greatly shorten the overall path length.
The Use and Misuse of Prescription Stimulants as “Cognitive Enhancers” by Students at One Academic Health Sciences Center

Purpose Prescription stimulant use as “cognitive enhancers” has been described among undergraduate college students. However, the use of prescription stimulants among future health care professionals is not well characterized. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of prescription stimulant misuse among students at an academic health sciences center. Method Electronic surveys were e-mailed to 621 medical, pharmacy, and respiratory therapy students at East Tennessee State University for four consecutive weeks in fall 2011. Completing the survey was voluntary and anonymous. Surveys asked about reasons for, frequency of, and side effects of nonprescription misuse of prescription stimulants. Given the sensitive material, an opportunity to win one of ten $50 gift cards was used as an incentive. Results Three hundred seventy-two (59.9%) students completed the survey from three disciplines (47.6% medical, 70.5% pharmacy, and 57.6% respiratory therapy). Overall, 11.3% of responders admitted to misusing prescription stimulants. There was more misuse by respiratory therapy students, although this was not statistically significant (10.9% medicine, 9.7% pharmacy, 26.3% respiratory therapy; P = .087). Reasons for prescription stimulant misuse included to enhance alertness/energy (65.9%), to improve academic performance (56.7%), to experiment (18.2%), and to use recreationally/get high (4.5%). Conclusions Prescription stimulant misuse was prevalent among participating students, but further research is needed to describe prevalence among future health care workers more generally. The implications and consequences of such misuse require further study across professions with emphasis on investigating issues of academic dishonesty (e.g., “cognitive enhancement”), educational quality, and patient safety or health care quality.
Priming Effects on Cooperative Behavior in Social Dilemmas: Considering the Prime and the Person

ABSTRACT. We test whether people with a relatively more intrinsic vs. extrinsic value orientation (RIEVO) are particularly likely to enact cooperative behavior in resource dilemmas when they are primed with relatedness goals. In Study 1, high RIEVO participants primed with relatedness exhibited more restrained fishing behavior in a resource dilemma than their unprimed counterparts or participants low in RIEVO. Study 2 replicated this effect and further showed that the prime must signal the possibility of satisfying a valued goal (relatedness satisfaction) in order to elicit the value-consistent behavior. We discuss these results in the context of recent process models of goal priming, and also discuss how these findings contribute to our understanding of cooperative behavior and the predictive power of value constructs more broadly.
What matters when examining the performance of salespersons? Analyzing the boundary conditions of personal dispositional factor

Purpose This study intended to examine the effect of developmental and evaluative purposes of performance appraisal (PA) on job meaningfulness (JM). Furthermore, the study also aimed to assess the moderating effect of personal dispositional factors, that is, internal and external loci of control between developmental and evaluative PA and JM. Design/Methodology/Approach A total of 295 questionnaires were received from salespersons working in national and multinational pharmaceutical companies in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Data were gathered using a time lag study design using a convenience sampling technique. Data collected via questionnaires were analyzed using PLS-SEM to assess measurement and structural models for testing hypotheses. Findings Results revealed that developmental PA significantly influenced JM, while evaluative PA failed to influence JM. Furthermore, there was a moderating effect of the external locus of control (ELOC) on the relationship between developmental PA and JM, while the rest of moderating hypotheses failed to influence the relationship of developmental and evaluative PA with JM. Practical implications The results can be used as a building block in order to bring positive work outcomes in the form of meaningful work. Organizations should use their PA as a development tool, instead of instrumental or evaluative PA, for making the work more meaningful to the employees. Originality/Value The extant literature is limited in terms of assessing the dimensions of PA (developmental and evaluative) in predicting workplace outcomes. Also, examinations of multidimensions of the locus of control are limited in the existing literature between HR practices and work outcomes. The current study has filled these gaps in the contemporary literature.
Home Injuries: Potential for Prevention

There are approximately 18 000 injury-related deaths at home each year. Some of the leading causes of home injury deaths are falls, fire/ burns, poisonings, choking/suffocations, and drownings. Many more home injuries are treated at emergency departments, in doctors’ offices, or with self-care at home. Children and older adults are especially at risk for home injuries, and environmental factors can contribute to population disparities in home injuries. The causes and circumstances of home injuries are complex and multifaceted. This article provides an overview of the epidemiology and burden of home injuries and reviews the evidence for prevention by life stage. Reducing the risk of injuries at home is challenging, but fortunately there many ways that practitioners can help promote safer behaviors and help change home environments for patients and their families.
Novel approaches in management of perioperative coagulopathy

Purpose of review The recent advances in hemostatic monitoring, and discussion of the clinical implications of hemostatic therapies based on different blood components and factor concentrates. Recent findings Implementing suitable laboratory tests and transfusion protocols is highly recommended because the laboratory test guided, protocol-driven transfusion approach reduces blood component utilization, and possibly leads to improved outcomes. Timely assessment of coagulation has been difficult using conventional coagulation tests, but thrombocytopenia, fibrin polymerization defects, and fibrinolysis can be quickly assessed on thromboelastometry. The latter testing can be applied to guide the dosing of fibrinogen and prothrombin complex concentrate, which are selectively used to correct fibrinogen deficiency, and improve thrombin generation in acquired coagulopathy. These therapeutic approaches are novel, and potentially effective in reducing the exposure to allogeneic components (e.g., plasma and platelets) and side-effects of transfusion. Although the accessibility of different therapies among different countries, tranexamic acid is widely available, and is an effective blood conservation measure with a good safety profile in various surgical settings. Summary Our understanding of perioperative coagulopathy, diagnostic tools, and therapeutic approaches has evolved in recent years. Additional multidisciplinary efforts are required to understand the optimal combinations, cost-effectiveness, and safety profiles of allogeneic components, and available factor concentrates.
Sipatrigine (BW 619C89) is a Neuroprotective Agent and a Sodium Channel and Calcium Channel Inhibitor

Sipatrigine is a substituted pyrimidine derived from lamotrigine. It attenuates glutamate release in vitro and in vivo, probably as a result of sodium and calcium channel inhibition. It consistently reduces cortical infarct volume in rodent models of global, permanent focal, and transient focal ischemia (typically 50–60% reduction with maximum effective doses >20 mg/kg). Striatal protection was found in some studies but not others. The drug was effective also in a rat optic nerve model of white matter ischemia, providing complete neuroprotection at the highest concentration (100 μM) used. In monkeys, CNS penetration by sipatrigine was rapid and the steady state brain/plasma ratio was >40. In humans, low doses (< 2 mg/kg, then 1 mg/kg/8 h) were well tolerated. At higher doses a significant incidence of hallucinations and vomiting was observed. These adverse effects were speculated to be due to interactions with muscarinic receptors and 5-HT3 (or sigma) receptors, respectively. Cardiovascular side effects appeared not to be a major concern. In electrophysiological studies, sipatrigine inhibited native neuronal sodium and calcium channels (including L, N, and P/Q type) and recombinant type IIA sodium and N and T type calcium channels, all with similar potency (IC50 in the range 5–16 μM). Inhibitory potency was increased by high action potential firing frequencies and a depolarized resting voltage. These properties may account for its actions in vitro and in animal models but do not exclude possible additional actions in later stages of ischemic damage.
Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 levels after trauma

AbstractTo investigate the levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) and their correlation with each other and with severity of organ damage in patients with trauma, 35 patients with trauma and 20 healthy volunteers serving as controls were enrolled in this study. Blood samples were taken on admission (within 6 hours after injury), as well as at 24 h, and 3, 5, 7 and 14 days after trauma. The levels of sICAM-1, IL-6 and TNF-α were higher in patients with trauma than in the control group. Changes of serum IL-6, TNF-α and sICAM levels were significantly correlated with changes of blood serum GPT, CK, LDH, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in patients with trauma. Significant positive correlations between sICAM-1 and TNF-α were found at 24 h, and at 3, 5, 7 and 14 days after the trauma (r = 0.59, 0.75, 0.83, 0.49, 0.68, respectively; all p < 0.001). These data show that sICAM-1, IL-6, and TNF-α increase in patients with tra.
Behavioral Medicine Review: The Dialectic of Tradition and Progress in Osteoarthritis Management

In his state of the art review, Katz provided an evidence-based perspective on nonpharmacologic approaches to osteoarthritis. His overview prompts discussion of the tradition-progress dialectic that has punctuated this area as exemplified, on one hand, by continuing tendencies to privilege biomedical over biopsychosocial conceptualizations and persisting barriers to the widespread implementation of nonpharmacologic, best-evidence treatments in primary care. On the other hand, the field has been sparked by considerable innovation, including the bursting of traditional treatment boundaries, an expanding range of intervention strategies, and the emergence of promising trends that may unleash further advances in patient care.
Group-theoretical structure of the atomic f shell: connection with the non-Euclidean heptakisoctahedral (didodecahedral) group

This paper discusses the use of the non-Euclidean heptakisoctahedral group, 7 O, of order 168, to study the atomic f shell of interest in lanthanide and actinide chemistry. In this group only the representations of the spherical harmonics of dimensions 0, 1, or 6 (mod 7) can be reduced to sums of irreducible representations (irreps). These include the S, F, I, K, and N spherical harmonics with ℓ values of 0, 3, 6, 7, and 10, respectively. The other spherical harmonics must be combined into pairs with total dimension a multiple of 7 in order to have representations reducible into sums of irreps of 7 O. Such pairs of interest in the atomic f shell include the PH and DG pairs of total dimension 14, the GM and HL pairs of total dimension 28, and the LQ and MO pairs of total dimension 42. If the subgroup chain SO(7) ⊃ G 2 ⊃ 7 O is used to study the atomic f shell, terms corresponding to these paired spherical harmonics, such as PH and DG pairs found in the highest spin f n configurations, appear together under a given irrep of SO(7) or G 2.
The influence of boundary conditions used in machine simulations on the structure of polar systems

Studying generalized Onsager models the effect of boundary conditions (finite volume and potential cut-off), used in machine simulations, on the structure of polar systems is examined critically. It is found that deviations from the infinite-system structure stem primarily from the truncation of the potential, which is by no means equivalent to a finite volume, as assumed so far. Intended originally to model computer-generated R-dependent Kirkwood g-factors, continuum theory also predicts correctly the qualitative shape of h Δ- and hD -curves, reported in [10] for various geometries. The present analysis enables, for the first time, a physical understanding of the influence of the cut-off. It turns out that the mean electrostatic energy is only slightly affected and that the asymptotic value of Gk (R) profits from a cancellation of errors. An improved relation is given for the volume dependence of . Within the framework of our models one can also understand rigorously the origin of Barker's reaction .
Adherence to antihypertensive medications in type 2 diabetes: prevalence and determinants.

Aim: To estimate the extent of non-adherence to antihypertensive drugs in type 2 diabetes. Study Design: Observational. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at three Belgian specialised diabetes centres during two months. Methodology: Included were adult type 2 diabetes patients, treated with insulin and either ACE-inhibitors or sartans. Adherence was assessed electronically with the Medication Event Monitoring System. A standardised blood pressure measurement was taken at the study start and end. Results: Mean age of the 130 included patients was 65 and 51% was male. Mean HbA1c was 7.5mg% (59mmol/mol), mean BMI 32kg/m2 knowledge was associated with adherence and higher daily doses of insulin with non-adherence. Adherence correlated positively to diastolic, but not systolic blood pressure. Of patients never missing a dose 78% reached controlled diastolic blood pressure compared to 68% of patients missing doses on ≥3 days. Conclusion: Adherence to antihypertensive medications was high in this cohort followed up at specialised diabetes centres. Still, about 15-20% had suboptimal adherence and should receive adherence enhancing support, especially since high adherence seems necessary to obtain blood pressure control.
Abstract: Parameter Influence In Structural Equation Models

In applications of SEM, investigators obtain and interpret parameter estimates that are computed so as to produce optimal model fit in the sense that the obtained model fit would deteriorate to some degree if any of those estimates were changed. This property raises a question: to what extent would model fit deteriorate if parameter estimates were changed? And which parameters have the greatest influence on model fit? This is the idea of parameter influence. The present paper will cover two approaches to quantifying parameter influence. Both are based on the principle of likelihood displacement (LD), which quantifies influence as the discrepancy between the likelihood under the original model and the likelihood under the model in which a minor perturbation is imposed (Cook, 1986). One existing approach for quantifying parameter influence is a vector approach (Lee & Wang, 1996) that determines a vector in the parameter space such that altering parameter values simultaneously in this direction will cause maximum change in LD. We propose a new approach, called influence mapping for single parameters, that determines the change in model fit under perturbation of a single parameter holding other parameter estimates constant. An influential parameter is defined as one that produces large change in model fit under minor perturbation. Figure 1 illustrates results from this procedure for three different parameters in an empirical application. Flatter curves represent less influential parameters. Practical implications of the results are discussed. The relationship with statistical power in structural equation models is also discussed. FIGURE 1 Influence mapping for single parameters.
Intravasale Persistenz, Gewebsspeicherung und Ausscheidung von Hydroxyäthylstärke (HÄS)

HAS ist als Derivat des Amylopektins dem verzweigten Alpha-1,4-Glukose-Polymer Glykogen ahnlich. Durch Hydroxyathylierung wird die Hydrolyse durch α-Amylase verzogert. Tragen 70 bis 90 % der Glukose-Polymer-Einheiten Hydroxyathylgruppen, so sind die intravasale Verweildauer und die Urinausscheidung von HAS bei einem Molekulargewicht von 435 000 vergleichbar mit denen von Dextran 70. HAS und Dextran 70 werden vorubergehend in den Retikuloendothelial- und Leberzellen gespeichert und verursachen ein Anschwellen und eine Vakuolisierung der Nierentubuli bei nur geringer Beei-trachtigung der Nierenfunktion. Die Elimination von HAS aus Bereichen der Gewebsspeicherung erfolgt wesentlich rascher als die Elimination der nichtmetabolisierbaren Polymere Acacia und PVP. Durch die Verteilungs- und Ausscheidungskinetik ist HAS deshalb als Plasmaersatzmittel gut geeignet.
Cryopreservation of fish sperm: applications and perspectives

Summary Cryopreservation is of interest not only for fish farming but also for the conservation and genetic improvement of resources. This technique has been well established in some freshwater fish species mainly, salmonid, sturgeons and carps, however, only in the last decade research was focused in marine fish species. The benefits of sperm cryopreservation include: (i) synchronization of gamete availability of both sexes, (ii) sperm economy; (iii) simplification of broodstock management, (iv) transport of gametes from different fish farms, and (v) germplasm storage for genetic selection programs or conservation of species. These issues would certainly benefit the aquaculture industry. The tremendous impact that biotechnology is having in aquaculture has been particularly obvious in recent years. Several species are being used as research models not only for aquaculture development applications but also for medical research. Sperm cryopreservation can give an important contribution in the germ storage of all transgenic lines. However, in all applications in fish sperm, cryopreservation needs to overcome a lack in standardization of methodologies and procedures, a correct assay of seminal quality and the development of tools to characterize cryoinjury. Many efforts have recently been made in the study of DNA using different approaches such as the comet assay (single cell gel electrophoresis), TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-nick-end-labelling), SCSA (sperm chromatin structure assay) and the analysis of specific DNA sequences using RT-PCR, since DNA damage may impair fertility or embryo development. Cryopreservation of gametes would certainly benefit from a higher concern on male improvement, basically through nutrition or selection of resistant stocks (e.g. stress resistant individuals or highly adapted to captivity) producing gametes of higher quality. There is a huge window of opportunities for improve the resistance of cells to cryopreservation through diet supplementation of certain compounds such as amino acids (taurine and hypotaurine), vitamins (Vit. E and C) and lipids or through a direct supplementation of the extender media. An equilibrium of those compounds will improve spermatozoa and seminal plasma composition protecting cells against oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, DNA fragmentation, enzyme protection) that is gaining each day more importance in cryodamage research.
Overtraining in Sport

"Overtraining in Sport" is the first comprehensive text on the physiological, biomedical, and psychological aspects of overtraining and overreaching in sport. Thirty-three leading researchers contribute 17 chapters to this multidisciplinary review of recent findings. Since the research is multidisciplinary, information is presented in an easy-to-understand manner and background information is provided for those who may not have a comprehensive understanding of each subject area. "Overtraining in Sport" is divided into seven sections: Section I examines the prevalence, physiological responses, and methods of monitoring and preventing overtraining in endurance athletes. Section II discusses overtraining in strength/power athletes and their responses to changes in factors such as resistance volume and intensity. Section III considers medical consequences of overtraining, including cardiovascular and hematological responses, neuroendocrine responses, and musculoskeletal and orthopedic effects. Section IV covers immune system responses to overtraining and possible interventions to prevent immunosuppression. Section V documents nutritional factors that may play a part in overtraining. Section VI discusses the psychological aspects of overtraining and covers potential treatment and prevention methods. Section VII summarizes the current status of overtraining research and points to future research needs and directions. This valuable reference should be on the bookshelf of anyone with a serious interest in the potential effects of training too often or too intensely.
THE RELATION OF ORTHOPEDICS TO PERSONALITY

Personality consists of an individual's collective attributes or qualities. It is the sum total of his traits and, at the same time, the main spring of his being and activities. It comprises his consciousness, his character and his will, and is manifest in his conduct and behavior. Man's nature has many aspects, and his personality may be considered as the interrelation of certain elements, which are fused into his total being. His anatomy and physiology, his intellectual capacity and his emotional life, help to determine his well being. The inherited potentials of his personality constitute a series of reactive systems which are capable of multiform responses to the stimuli from his environment. His social qualities develop as the result of an interaction of his innate self and the world to which he must adapt himself. A considerable part of his personality is created through living, through reactions to the qualities