Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temporal Variations in the Air Quality Index and the Impact of the COVID-19 Event on Air Quality in Western China

ABSTRACT This study investigated the AQI (air quality index) and atmospheric pollutants including PM2.5, PM10, CO, SO2, NO2 and O3 in Chongqing, Luzhou and Chengdu from 2017 to 2019. In addition, the impacts of the COVID-19 event on the air quality in the three cities in 2020 were compared and discussed. For the combined AQIs for the three cities, in spring, the daily AQIs ranged between 25 and 182 and averaged 72.1. In summer, the daily AQIs ranged between 24 and 206 and averaged 77.5. In autumn, the daily AQIs ranged between 22 and 170 and averaged 61.1, and in winter, the daily AQIs ranged between 28 and 375 and averaged 99.6. The distributions of the six AQI classes in spring were 3%, 94%, 3%, 0%, 0%, and 0%; in summer, they were 11%, 74%, 15%, 0%, 0% and 0%; in autumn, they were 29%, 70%, 1%, 0%, 0%, and 0%, and in winter, they were 1%, 52%, 44%, 3%, 0%, and 0%, respectively. The average AQIs, in order, were Chengdu (85.4) > Chongqing (73.8) > Luzhou (73.2). Both the highest AQIs and PM2.5 (as the major indicatory air pollutant) occurred mainly in the low temperature season (January, December, and February), while O3 was the main air pollutant in June and August when the weather was hot. In February 2020, during the epidemic prevention and control actions taken in response to COVID-19 for the three cities, the combined AQIs for the top five days with the highest AQIs in February 2020 was 79.4, which was 23.6% lower than that from 2017–2019 (AQI = 100.7), and the average concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, CO, and NO2 were 89.4 µg m–3, 106 µg m–3, 2.31 ppb, 0.72 ppm, and 12.3 ppb, respectively, and were 17.9%, 30.8%, 83.8%, 19.8%, and 62.1%, lower than those in February 2017–2019. However, the average O3 concentration (31.8 ppb) in February 2020 rather than decreasing, increased by 6.2%. This is because a lower NO2 concentration hindered the NO + O3 reaction and led to increase O3 concentration in the ambient air.
The association of methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) A1298C gene polymorphism, homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folate with coronary artery disease (CAD) in the north of Iran

Abstract Background We pursued to find out the possible association of Methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) A1298C gene polymorphism, blood homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folate with Coronary artery disease (CAD) in the study population in Guilan, north of Iran. Material and Methods Ninety patients with CAD and 76 healthy controls were evaluated. MTHFR A1298C polymorphism and its genotype frequency, the plasma level of homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folate were evaluated by using ARMS-PCR, ELISA, and Chemiluminescence methods, respectively. Results The frequency of genotypes, A, AC and CC in CAD were 40, 35.6, 24.4%, respectively which was significantly different (p=0.016) from the control group that were 26.3, 57.9 and 15.8%, respectively. The serum level of vitamin B12 and folate in genotype A1298C were not statistically significant between two groups (p>0.05), however, the plasma homocysteine in patients with CAD was remarkably higher than the control group (p<0.001). Additionally, in CAD patients the plasma level of homocysteine in the AC genotype was significantly higher than the control subjects (p=0.005). Conclusion It is thus concluded that MTHFR A1298C gene polymorphism is associated with CAD. It seems that the AC genotype of MTHFR A1298C polymorphism might have a protective effect on CAD.
Sedimentology of the continental end‐Permian extinction event in the Sydney Basin, eastern Australia

Upper Permian to Lower Triassic coastal plain successions of the Sydney Basin in eastern Australia have been investigated in outcrop and continuous drillcores. The purpose of the investigation is to provide an assessment of palaeoenvironmental change at high southern palaeolatitudes in a continental margin context for the late Permian (Lopingian), across the end‐Permian Extinction interval, and into the Early Triassic. These basins were affected by explosive volcanic eruptions during the late Permian and, to a much lesser extent, during the Early Triassic, allowing high‐resolution age determination on the numerous tuff horizons. Palaeobotanical and radiogenic isotope data indicate that the end‐Permian Extinction occurs at the top of the uppermost coal bed, and the Permo‐Triassic boundary either within an immediately overlying mudrock succession or within a succeeding channel sandstone body, depending on locality due to lateral variation. Late Permian depositional environments were initially (during the Wuchiapingian) shallow marine and deltaic, but coastal plain fluvial environments with extensive coal‐forming mires became progressively established during the early late Permian, reflected in numerous preserved coal seams. The fluvial style of coastal plain channel deposits varies geographically. However, apart from the loss of peat‐forming mires, no significant long‐term change in depositional style (grain size, sediment‐body architecture, or sediment dispersal direction) was noted across the end‐Permian Extinction (pinpointed by turnover of the palaeoflora). There is no evidence for immediate aridification across the boundary despite a loss of coal from these successions. Rather, the end‐Permian Extinction marks the base of a long‐term, progressive trend towards better‐drained alluvial conditions into the Early Triassic. Indeed, the floral turnover was immediately followed by a flooding event in basinal depocentres, following which fluvial systems similar to those active prior to the end‐Permian Extinction were re‐established. The age of the floral extinction is constrained to 252.54 ± 0.08 to 252.10 ± 0.06 Ma by a suite of new Chemical Abrasion Isotope Dilution Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry U‐Pb ages on zircon grains. Another new age indicates that the return to fluvial sedimentation similar to that before the end‐Permian Extinction occurred in the basal Triassic (prior to 251.51 ± 0.14 Ma). The character of the surface separating coal‐bearing pre‐end‐Permian Extinction from coal‐barren post‐end‐Permian Extinction strata varies across the basins. In basin‐central locations, the contact varies from disconformable, where a fluvial channel body has cut down to the level of the top coal, to conformable where the top coal is overlain by mudrocks and interbedded sandstone–siltstone facies. In basin‐marginal locations, however, the contact is a pronounced erosional disconformity with coarse‐grained alluvial facies overlying older Permian rocks. There is no evidence that the contact is everywhere a disconformity or unconformity.
Platform Business Models in the Logic of Value Co-Creation

Business models have been used to model trading and economic behavior since the 19 century (Teece, 2010, p. 185) and have been discussed from various academic standpoints for more than 50 years (Wirtz, Göttel, & Daiser, 2016, p. 44; 50). Put simply, the term ‘business model’ is an approach to explain how firms do business (Zott & Amit, 2010, p. 221) and to describe firms’ value creation processes (Amit & Zott, 2001, p. 493). There is a vast literature stream on business models which is steadily growing. This paper only shows an extract of the business model literature.
Automatic Product Region Extraction based on analysis of Images Uploaded to C2C Online Market

ABSTRACT Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) online market places have become popular. Several C2C online market places adopt product recognition from uploaded images representing the current state of the products to aid in the entering of product information for creating listing pages. To improve recognition accuracy, it is important for extracting product regions from product images as a pre-processing for recognition. Given these circumstances, this study proposes a method of extracting product regions from images used in C2C online market places. We analyzed product images for effective product extraction and developed the proposed method using the region-growing algorithm and GrabCut segmentation algorithm based on these analysis results. To generate initial seeds for GrabCut, the proposed method specifies image-border areas as background areas based on the analysis results and applies the region-growing algorithm to the specified background areas. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, we compared its extraction accuracy and computational time with those of a conventional method using 412 product images, including 341 actual images. The proposed method was effective in both extraction accuracy (20.3% improvement rate) and computational time (76.7% reduction) compared with the conventional method. Compared with the conventional method, the proposed method increased the extraction accuracy for all the product categories from sellers. Therefore, the effectiveness of the proposed method can be observed for several product images. Furthermore, we confirmed that each process of the proposed method is necessary for improving the extraction accuracy.
Minimal Laparotomy Management of a Giant Asymptomatic Ovarian Teratoma in a Woman of Reproductive Age: A Case Report

Background: The majority of giant teratomas are symptomatic. The preoperative evaluation for possible malignancy is challengeable, as is the surgical approach. A consensus has not yet been drawn regarding the optimal treatment approach in cases of exceptionally large teratomas. Case presentation: We report a rare case of minimal laparotomy management of a giant ovarian cystic teratoma in a 32-year-old asymptomatic multiparous woman. The patient was diagnosed while performing a fitness-to-work checkup where the physician noted a suspicious abdominal swelling. Subsequently, she was referred to us for further evaluation. Her CA125 level was raised, and an abdominal contrast computed tomography revealed a huge teratoma. After appropriate counselling, laparotomy and adenectomy were performed. Histopathological examination diagnosed a mature cystic teratoma with no malignant transformation. The patient had an uneventful recovery and was discharged on the third post-operative day. Conclusions: We conclude that dermoid cysts can reach enormous sizes in the absence of serious symptoms or evidence of malignancy, although the size is a well-known risk factor for malignant transformation.
The influence of Customer Advocacy to Purchase Intentions in Green Packaging

The innovation in green packaging is growing rapidly amid the rise of going green behavior. Garbage is one of the most concrete problems in the world. We aim this research in calculating a potential in green packaging business as a supplier. We use 109 samples calculated by slovin’s method. We use SPSS simple regression and the conclusion is customer advocacy is strongly influencing purchase intention and the growth of other sectors that need packaging to distribute. It means is a potential business to bring environmentally friendly behaviors especially supporting food&beverages and logistics activities. The result is customer advocacy is strongly influencing purchase intention and the curve show X and Y are distributed normally. So the conclusion is Green Packaging is a potential business judging from the development and growth of the logistics business.
Vertebrate Homologues of Drosophila Fused Kinase and Their Roles in Sonic Hedgehog Signalling Pathway. Selgroogsete fu kinaasi homoloogide roll Sonic Hedgehogi signaali ülekanderajas

The segment polarity gene Fused (Fu) encodes a putative serine–threonine kinase Fu, which has been shown to play a key role in the Hedgehog signaling pathway of Drosophila. Human FU (hFU) has been shown to enhance the activity of Gli transcription factors, targets of the signaling pathway. However, Fu mice do not show aberrant embryonic development indicating that mouse Fu (mFu) is dispensable for Hedgehog signaling until birth. In order to investigate if there are important differences between hFU and mFu, we cloned the cDNA, analyzed expression and tested the ability of mFu to regulate Gli proteins. Of the tested tissues only brain and testis showed significant expression. However, in transient overexpression analyses mFu was able to enhance Gli induced transcription in a manner similar to hFU. Thus, we turned to RNAi in order to test if mFu would be important for Hedgehog signaling after all. In one cell line with reduced mFu expression the Hedgehog signaling was severely hampered, indicating that mFu may have a role in Hedgehog signaling and Gli regulation in some cellular
The Ethics of the Ethics of AI

This chapter discusses several challenges for doing the ethics of artificial intelligence (AI). The challenges fall into five major categories: conceptual ambiguities within philosophy and AI scholarship; the estimation of AI risks; implementing machine ethics; epistemic issues of scientific explanation and prediction in what can be called computational data science (CDS), which includes “big data” science; and oppositional versus systemic ethics approaches. The chapter then argues that these ethical problems are not likely to yield to the “common approaches” of applied ethics. Primarily due to the transformational nature of artificial intelligence within science, engineering, and human culture, novel approaches will be needed to address the ethics of AI in the future. Moreover, serious barriers to the formalization of ethics will be needed to overcome to implement ethics in AI.
Numerical Fire Spread Simulation Based on Material Pyrolysis—An Application to the CHRISTIFIRE Phase 1 Horizontal Cable Tray Tests

A general procedure is described to generate material parameter sets to simulate fire propagation in horizontal cable tray installations. Cone Calorimeter test data are processed in an inverse modelling approach. Here, parameter sets are generated procedurally and serve as input for simulations conducted with the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). The simulation responses are compared with the experimental data and ranked based on their fitness. The best fitness was found for a test condition of 50 kW/m2. Low flux conditions 25 kW/m2 and less exhibited difficulties to be accurately simulated. As a validation step, the best parameter sets are then utilised to simulate fire propagation within a horizontal cable tray installation and are compared with experimental data. It is important to note, the inverse modelling process is focused on the Cone Calorimeter and not aware of the actual validation step. Despite this handicap, the general features in the fire development can be reproduced, however not exact. The fire in the tray simulation extinguishes earlier and the total energy release is slightly higher when compared to the experiment. The responses of the material parameter sets are briefly compared with a selection of state of the art procedures.
Artificial intelligence: a disruptive tool for a smarter medicine.

OBJECTIVE Although highly successful, the medical R&D model is failing at improving people's health due to a series of flaws and defects inherent to the model itself. A new collective intelligence, incorporating human and artificial intelligence (AI) could overcome these obstacles. Because AI will play a key role in this new collective intelligence, it is necessary that those involved in healthcare have a general knowledge of how these technologies work. With this comprehensive review, we intend to provide it. MATERIALS AND METHODS A broad-ranging search has been undertaken on institutional and non-institutional websites in order to identify relevant papers, comments and reports. RESULTS We firstly describe the flaws and defects of the current R&D biomedical model and how the generation of a new collective intelligence will result in a better and wiser medicine through a truly personalized and holistic approach. We, then, discuss the new forms of data collection and data processing and the different types of artificial learning and their specific algorithms. Finally, we review the current uses and applications of AI in the biomedical field and how these can be expanded, as well as the limitations and challenges of applying these new technologies in the medical field. CONCLUSIONS This colossal common effort based on a new collective intelligence will exponentially improve the quality of medical research, resulting in a radical change for the better in the healthcare model. AI, without replacing us, is here to help us achieve the ambitious goal set by the WHO in the Alma Ata declaration of 1978: "Health for All".
Social networks and seafood sustainability governance: Exploring the relationship between social capital and the performance of fishery improvement projects

1. In the early 2000s, the sustainable seafood movement put forward the concept of fishery improvement projects (FIP), a structured multi-stakeholder approach to address environmental challenges in a fishery and aims to use the power of the market to incentivize change. 2. The intent of the FIP model is to allow fisheries that currently do not meet the MSC standard to maintain market access while working on credible improvements. As such, FIPs have become a widely promoted approach to sustainable fisheries and have proliferated around the globe. 3. Based on recent research assessing the impact of FIPs and testing various FIP attributes and their link to FIP performance, it seems that the FIP model may be delivering on its promise overall. However, the impact of FIP are at best based cor-relation rather than causation, with only few FIP attributes having been measured consistently over a significant period of time. 4. In this theoretical contribution, we bring attention to one attribute of FIPs: the structure of their social network and its implication for social capital and successful collective
Ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with the roots of planted Eucalyptus grandis in northeastern Brazil

Eucalyptus, like other members of the family Myrtaceae, form symbiotic associations with various ectomycorrhizal fungi. The purpose of this study was to assess the ectomycorrhizal taxa associated with Eucalyptus plantations in the municipalities of Gloria do Goita and Moreno, Pernambuco, Brazil. Root-tip samples were collected from Eucalyptus grandis trees to identify the ectomycorrhizal and other root-associated fungi present. Twelve taxa of fungi were determined from the root-tips collected in these two plantations. Four taxa were identified to species, and five were identified as putative ectomycorrhizae. Scleroderma albidum was the only species found both fruiting and in the root-tip study. Overall, species of Tomentella were the dominant taxa present in the two study areas.
Model Permainan Perseptual Motorik Melalui Ban Motor Bekas Dalam Pendidikan Jasmani Pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar

The purpose of this research is to produce perceptual motoric games as an effort to anticipate students from perceptual motoric disorders due to the rise of online games, to stimulate creativity and innovation of physical education teachers in developing learning materials for Physical Education. This research method use is research and development. Small-scale trial was conducted at the Integrated Islamic elementary School in Mus'hab Bin Umair. Large-scale trials were carried out in the Palembang Elementary School 222, and the Palembang Elementary School 225. Data collection techniques using a questionnaire that was assessed by experts and practitioners. Data anlisis technique is done that is descriptive quantitative analysis and qualitative descriptive analysis. This study produced five types of Perceptual Motoric games namely, Balap Ban Games, Estafet Ban Games, Panjat Ban Games, Lompat Ban Games and Triple Ban Games. Based on the results of the assessment of experts and practitioners that the perceptual motoric game model is categorized as very good and effective, so this game model can be applied in Physical Education learning for elementary school students.Keywords: games, perceptual motoric, physical education, studentAbstrakTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan permainan perceptual motoric sebagai upaya antisipasi siswa dari gangguan perseptual motorik karena maraknya game online, menstimulus kreatifitas dan inovasi guru pendidikan jasmani dalam mengembangkan materi pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani. Penelitianmenggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan. Uji coba kelompok kecil dilakukan di Sekolah Dasar Islam Terpadu Mus’hab Bin Umair. Uji coba kelompok besar dilakukan di Sekolah Dasar Nitegeri 222 Palembang, dan Sekolah Dasar 225 Palembang. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner yang dinilai oleh para ahli dan praktisi. Teknik analisis data terdiri dari teknik analisis data deskriptif kuantitatif dan teknik analisis data deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini menghasilkan lima macam permainan perceptual motoric yakni Permainan Balap Ban, Permainan Estafet Ban, Permainan Panjat Ban, Permainan Lompat Ban dan, Permainan Triple Ban. Berdasarkan hasil penilaian dari para ahli dan praktisi bahwa model permainan perseptual motorik berkategori sangat baik dan efektif, dengan demikian model permainan ini dapat diterapkan dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani pada siswa sekolah dasar.Kata Kunci: permainan, perseptual motorik, pendidikan jasmani, siswa
Investigating carotenoid loss after drying and storage of orange-fleshed sweet potato

Biofortified orange-fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP) is being promoted to tackle vitamin A deficiency, a serious public health problem affecting children and pregnant/lactating women in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of the study was to quantify and understand the factors influencing carotenoid losses in dried OFSP. Losses were determined in chips after drying and storage. A preliminary study demonstrated that carotenoid levels were not significantly different following either solar or sun drying. Carotenoid loss after drying was generally correlated with high initial moisture content and high carotenoid content in fresh sweetpotato roots. Losses of pro-vitamin A were less than 35% in all cases. Flour made from OFSP could therefore be a significant source of provitamin A. In contrast, storage of chips at room temperature in Uganda and Mozambique for four months resulted in high losses of pro-vitamin A (ca. 70-80% loss from the initial dried product). Low-cost pre-treatments, such as blanching, antioxidants and salting, did not reduce carotenoid losses during storage. Enzymatic catabolism of b-carotene in dried OFSP was considered unlikely because of low peroxidase activities at low water activities and the loss of peroxidase activity during storage. To understand further the factors causing the losses, dried sweet potato chips were stored under controlled conditions of temperature (10; 20; 30; or 40oC), water activity (0.13; 0.30; 0.51; 0.76) or oxygen (0 [under nitrogen]; 2.5; 10 or 21% [air]). Oxygen was the main cause of degradation followed by temperature. An Arrhenius kinetic model was used to show that carotenoid breakdown followed first order kinetics with an activation energy of 68.3kJ. mol-1 that was in accordance with the literature. Experimental observations fitted well with data predicted by the kinetic model. The formation of the volatile compounds,b-ionone; 5,6-epoxy-b-ionone; dihydroactinidiolide; b-cyclocitral that were clearly related to the degradation of b-carotene, helped further understand breakdown patterns of b-carotene.