Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contingency Ranking With Respect to Overloads in Very Large Power Systems Taking Into Account Uncertainty, Preventive, and Corrective Actions

This paper deals with day-ahead security management with respect to a postulated set of contingencies, while taking into account uncertainties about the next day generation/load scenario. In order to help the system operator in decision making under uncertainty, we aim at ranking these contingencies into four clusters according to the type of control actions needed to cover the worst uncertainty pattern of each contingency with respect to branch overload. To this end we use a fixed point algorithm that loops over two main modules: a discrete bi-level program (BLV) that computes the worst-case scenario, and a special kind of security constrained optimal power flow (SCOPF) which computes optimal preventive/corrective actions to cover the worst-case. We rely on a DC grid model, as the large number of binary variables, the large size of the problem, and the stringent computational requirements preclude the use of existing mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) solvers. Consequently we solve the SCOPF using a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) solver while the BLV is decomposed into a series of MILPs. We provide numerical results with our approach on a very large European system model with 9241 buses and 5126 contingencies.
Benthic habitat mapping with autonomous underwater vehicles

We provide an outline of an autonomous benthic habitat mapping algorithm. This algorithm enables real-time on-board classification of images gathered by an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), with the ability to classify aquatic vegetation at a resolution approaching the species level. The algorithm is generic with respect to both the classification task and the imaging equipment being used. For example, it may be used to detect objects rather than habitat types using hyperspectral rather than visible light cameras.
Learning Dynamics of a Single Polar Variable Complex-Valued Neuron

This letter investigates the characteristics of the complex-valued neuron model with parameters represented by polar coordinates (called polar variable complex-valued neuron). The parameters of the polar variable complex-valued neuron are unidentifiable. The plateau phenomenon can occur during learning of the polar variable complex-valued neuron. Furthermore, computer simulations suggest that a single polar variable complex-valued neuron has the following characteristics in the case of using the steepest gradient-descent method with square error: (1) unidentifiable parameters (singular points) degrade the learning speed and (2) a plateau can occur during learning. When the weight is attracted to the singular point, the learning tends to become stuck. However, computer simulations also show that the steepest gradient-descent method with amplitude-phase error and the complex-valued natural gradient method could reduce the effects of the singular points. The learning dynamics near singular points depends on the error functions and the training algorithms used.
Transformation of the Urban Health Care Safety Net: The Devolution of a Public Responsibility

Reduced spending in both federal and state programs and the closure of public hospitals have serious consequences for the health of urban dwellers, especially the poor and uninsured. Through a combination of economic factors, many municipalities have formed public-private partnerships and launched community initiatives to preserve some of the elements of the health care safety net. What once was a responsibility of municipal governments, the provision of health care to poor and uninsured populations, is now posing challenges for private-sector providers. This article identifies several factors that have contributed to the incremental demise of the publicly funded urban health care safety net and how local entities and the federal government are responding to the care of the poor and uninsured.
Effects of modified-live bovine viral diarrhea virus vaccines containing either type 1 or types 1 and 2 BVDV on heifers and their offspring after challenge with noncytopathic type 2 BVDV during gestation.

OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of modified-live virus (MLV) vaccines containing either type 1 bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) or types 1 and 2 BVDV in protecting heifers and their offspring against infection associated with heterologous noncytopathic type 2 BVDV challenge during gestation. DESIGN Randomized controlled study. ANIMALS 160 heifers and their offspring. PROCEDURES After inoculation with a placebo vaccine, 1 or 2 doses of an MLV vaccine containing type 1 BVDV, or 1 dose of an MLV vaccine containing both types 1 and 2 BVDV, heifers were bred naturally and challenge exposed with a type 2 BVDV field isolate between 62 and 104 days of gestation. Pregnancies were monitored; after parturition, virus isolation and immunohistochemical analyses of ear-notch specimens were used to determine whether calves were persistently infected. Blood samples were collected at intervals from heifers for serologic evaluation and virus isolation. RESULTS Persistent infection was detected in 18 of 19 calves from heifers in the control group and in 6 of 18 calves and 7 of 19 calves from heifers that received 1 or 2 doses of the type 1 BVDV vaccine, respectively. None of the 18 calves from heifers that received the type 1-type 2 BVDV vaccine were persistently infected. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggest that the incidence of persistent BVDV infection among offspring from dams inoculated with 1 dose of the MLV vaccine containing types 1 and 2 BVDV was decreased, compared with 1 or 2 doses of the MLV vaccine containing only type 1 BVDV.
My Instructor Made Me Do It: Task Characteristics of Procrastination

Procrastination can have a negative effect on learning. Many previous studies have examined personality factors that contribute to procrastination. This study examines selected assignment characteristics controllable by the instructor that might influence student procrastination. Results found less procrastination on assignments that were perceived as interesting, that required students to use a variety of skills, for which students perceived social norms and rewards for starting promptly, and for which the instructor provided clear instructions. Procrastination was not affected by fear, deadline pressure from other assignments, or the degree to which the task was perceived as difficult or time consuming.
Capacitance-Voltage Characterization of Atomic-Layer-Deposited Al2O3/InGaAs and Al2O3/GaAs Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Structures

ALD Al2O3/GaAs and Al2O3/In0.2Ga0. 8As MOS and source-drain implanted MOSFET structure were fabricated and characterized by capacitance-voltage (CV) and current-voltage (I-V) measurements. It is shown that, after high-temperature anneal, the MOS leakage current density of the thinner (16nm) film is much higher than that of the thicker (30nm) film. The highquality Al2O3 (30nm)/In0.2Ga0. 8As interface after high temperature anneal is verified by C-V curves showing sharp transition from depletion to accumulation with “zero” hysteresis, 1% frequency dispersion per decade at accumulation capacitance and strong inversion under split C-V measurement. However, Al2O3(16nm)/GaAs shows larger hysteresis and frequency dispersion with no inversion layer formed under split C-V measurement. Photo-assisted C-V measurement shows the inversion layer easily formed on In0.2Ga0. 8As interface but not on GaAs interface, indicating higher surface recombination rate at GaAs interface. The estimated interface trap density (Dit) by split C-V method shows 2.9×10/cmeV for Al2O3/In0.2Ga0. 8As. Minority-carrier response of Al2O3/In0.2Ga0. 8As and Al2O3/GaAs is systematically studied by high-temperature C-V measurements which reveal the activation energy (EA) of the minority-carrier recombination to be about 0.62 ± 0.03 eV for InGaAs and 0.71 ± 0.01 eV for GaAs, respectively.
Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Pulmonary Function and Nitric Oxide in Asthmatic and Non-Asthmatic Obese Patients

Background. Asthma is an important co-morbidity of obesity. This study evaluated the impact of bariatric surgery on respiratory function in obese patients and compared the outcomes in asthmatic and non-asthmatic subjects. Methods. The study was observational and prospective and included subjects on waiting list for bariatric surgery. Pulmonary function, symptoms, and exhaled nitric oxide were assessed before surgery and 1 year after. Results. Twenty-nine severe obese subjects (age range: 25–66 years) with a mean body mass index of 44.8 ± 4.7 kg/m2 were included. Fourteen of them had also intermittent to moderate asthma. In the whole population, the body mass index decreased from 44.8 ± 4.7 to 41.1 ± 3.9 kg/m2 (p = .0001) and the forced vital capacity increased from 3.05 ± 0.83 to 3.50 ± 0.81 L (p = .043). No change was seen in forced expiratory volume and oxygen saturation. These results remained valid also analyzing asthmatics and non-asthmatics separately. Concerning nitric oxide, the decrease at 1 year was significantly different between the two populations, since in asthma patients exhaled nitric oxide decreased by 4.86 ppb after bariatric surgery and increased by 0.27 ppb in non-asthmatics (p = .04). Conclusions. Bariatric surgery significantly reduces the intake of inhaled corticosteroids and the levels of exhaled nitric oxide, thus bronchial inflammation, in asthmatics.
Multiscale Tensor Approximation for Volume Data

Advanced 3D microstructural analysis in natural sciences and engineering depends ever more on modern data acquisition and imaging technologies such as micro-computed or synchrotron tomography and interactive visualization. The acquired high-resolution volume data sets have sizes in the order of tens to hundreds of GBs, and typically exhibit spatially complex internal structures. Such large structural volume data sets represent a grand challenge to be explored, analyzed and interpreted by means of interactive visualization, since the amount of data to be rendered is typically far beyond the current performance limits of interactive graphics systems. As a new approach to tackle this bottleneck problem, we employ higher-order tensor approximations (TAs). We demonstrate the power of TA to represent, and focus on, structural features in volume data. We show that TA yields a high data reduction at competitive rate distortion and that, at the same time, it provides a natural means for multiscale volume feature representation.
Cellular origin of human B-cell lymphomas.

The origin of human lymphomas has been studied by various approaches, including histology and immunophenotyping. In some types of lymphoma these studies suggested the cellular origin, but in many instances the origin could not be identified. When somatic mutations of the genes for the variable region of the B-lymphocyte antigen receptor proved to be a hallmark of germinal-center B cells and their descendants, sequence analysis of the variable-region genes of B-cell lymphomas offered a molecular approach to studying the origin of the tumors. Before discussing the results of these studies, we outline the human peripheral B-cell repertoire and its generation.
E1A, E1B Double-Restricted Adenovirus with RGD-Fiber Modification Exhibits Enhanced Oncolysis for CAR–Deficient Biliary Cancers

Purpose: Cancers of biliary system represent highly malignant diseases of dismal prognosis. We have previously introduced AxdAdB3, an E1A, E1B double-restricted oncolytic adenovirus, which showed excellent oncolytic efficacy for approximately half of the biliary cancer lines with an enhanced safety to normal cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether RGD-fiber modification (AxdAdB3-F/RGD), which enables integrin-dependent infection, can improve the infectivity and efficacy of AxdAdB3 for biliary cancers. Experimental Design: Expressions of adenoviral receptors, coxsackievirus adenovirus receptor (CAR) and integrins (αvβ3 and αvβ5), were compared with the level of infectivity of LacZ-expressing replication-defective adenoviruses with wild-type fibers or RGD-modified fibers in a panel of biliary cancer cell lines in vitro. Viral replication and cytotoxicity in vitro of AxdAdB3-F/RGD, a novel E1A, E1B double-restricted replication-selective adenovirus with RGD-modified fibers, were compared with those of its parent virus, AxdAdB3, in various biliary cancer cells and in normal cells. In vivo antitumor effects of these oncolytic viruses were compared in a xenograft tumor model. Results: Expression of CAR significantly correlated with the adenovirus infectivity, whereas integrin αvβ5 was abundantly expressed in almost all biliary cancer cells. Whereas AxdAdB3 effectively replicated and lysed only the biliary cancer cells with a preserved expression of CAR, AxdAdB3-F/RGD exhibited efficient replication and potent oncolysis in both CAR-positive and CAR-negative biliary cancer cells. AxdAdB3-F/RGD showed attenuated replication and little cytopathy in human normal cells (i.e., hepatocytes, WI-38 cells) as well as AxdAdB3. Furthermore, in nude mice with s.c. xenografts of CAR-deficient human biliary cancer, i.t. AxdAdB3-F/RGD therapy caused a marked inhibition of tumor growth. Conclusions: The RGD-fiber modification strategy enhanced the infectivity, replication, and oncolytic effects of the E1A, E1B double-restricted oncolytic adenovirus for CAR-deficient biliary cancers. In addition, it preserved the merit of excellent safety of the double-restricted virus for normal cells. These results suggest a potential use of this agent for the treatment of biliary cancers.
Drive System ˆˆ ˆ ( ) t A x x Response System ( ) t A B x x u TS Fuzzy Terminal Sliding Function Controller

This paper presents an adaptive Takgi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy terminal sliding-function controller (AFTSFC) approach to synchronize two chaotic systems with parameter mismatch. First, an appropriate terminal sliding function (TSF) is designed and then represented by the T-S fuzzy model. The T-S fuzzy terminal sliding-function (FTSF) is applied to the control law. Different from classical terminal sliding mode control, which uses a discontinuous switching control law, the FTSF control uses a continuous control law and thus avoids the chattering problem. The linear matrix inequality (LMI) problem is solved to obtain the initial feedback control gain, and the adaptive law of the control gain is adapted online to estimate parametric mismatch. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, the AFTSFC guarantees that the error of synchronization is uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB); i.e., the drive and response chaotic systems can be synchronized with only a small bounded error. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method is able to provide a satisfactory synchronization performance.
HIV‐1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 down‐regulates CD4 expression in primary human macrophages through induction of endogenous tumour necrosis factor‐α

Among immunological abnormalities present in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1)‐infected individuals are dysregulation of cytokine production and CD4 down‐regulation in both T‐helper cells and monocytes/macrophages. The HIV‐1 envelope glycoprotein 120 (gp120) has the ability to induce different cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in monocytes/macrophages in vitro which in some instances have been reported to down‐regulate macrophage CD4 expression. This study provides evidence that HIV‐1 recombinant gp120 (rgp120) down‐regulates both surface and total CD4 expression in primary tissue culture‐differentiated macrophages (TCDM) at the level of transcription. The CD4 down‐regulation observed in TCDM occurred between 6 and 12 hr after rgp120 treatment preceded by a peak of endogenous tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) observed at 3–6 hr post‐treatment. We demonstrate that the TCDM CD4 down‐regulation observed after rgp120 treatment was inhibited by the use of an anti‐huTNF‐α monoclonal antibody (mAb), but not by mAb directed against other cytokines induced by rgp120, such as interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and interferon‐α (IFN‐α). The present findings roughly parallel those observed both in the sera of patients and in the monocytes/macrophages isolated from HIV‐positive individuals, suggesting that gp120 by stimulating endogenous TNF‐α production could be a good candidate for the CD4 down‐regulation observed in the monocytes/macrophages of HIV‐1‐infected individuals. In contrast to CD4 down‐regulation in HIV‐infected lymphocytes, which results from a direct effect of viral genes on CD4 expression, soluble factors such as cytokines induced during HIV infection might explain the monocyte/macrophage CD4 dysregulation observed in acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
Protective Effects of Intermittent Hypoxic Adaptation on Myocardium and Its Mechanisms

Intermittent hypoxic adaptation offers as many beneficial effects in protecting against myocardial injuries as chronic continuous hypoxic adaptation. However, chronic continuous hypoxic adaptation readily causes some adverse effects on the organism, which may be prevented by intermittent hypoxic adaptation. As an approach to potentiate the protective effects, intermittent hypoxic adaptation is also much easier to apply to subjects who are not living at high altitude. The mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective effects of intermittent hypoxic adaptation are less understood, although great similarities exist between chronic continuous and intermittent hypoxic adaptation. The participation of several factors, such as myocardial vascularity, coronary blood flow, and cardiomyoglobin, which comprise the oxygen uptake system is not apparent, while the more efficient energetic metabolism after intermittent hypoxic adaptation may be a mechanism for cardioprotection. The possible roles of several signaling transduction pathways, including adrenoceptors, prostaglandins, and the adenosinergic system, in the beneficial effects of intermittent hypoxia are compared to those of chronic continuous hypoxic adaptation. Antioxidant enzymes and stress proteins may also be part of the mechanisms contributing to the cardioprotection of the intermittent hypoxic adaptation. As the cardioprotective effects of intermittent hypoxic adaptation employ multifold mechanisms, their clear elucidation needs more efforts.
Performance optimization of LC bi-directional inductive power transfer system

Bi-directional inductive power transfer (BD-IPT) systems are suitable for applications such as wireless integration of Electric Vehicle (EV) with the utility grid. This paper presents a comprehensive study of the most widely used BD-IPT systems in EV applications - a series tuned inductor-capacitor (LC) type BD-IPT system. The system parameters used in the paper have been set according to SAE J2954 guidelines for wireless electrical vehicle charging. Mathematical and simulation models of the system have been developed to investigate the behavior and sensitivity of the system to variations in circuit parameters. The validity of the mathematical models is verified and the efficiency of each system is investigated using simulated results based on a 3.7 kW simulated systems. Both frequency and relative phase modulation between converters are being considered for performance optimization of the systems. Nearly a 4% improvement in efficiency can be observed with these optimum modulations values.
Functional Delineation of Three Groups of the ATP-dependent Family of Chromatin Remodeling Enzymes*

ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzymes antagonize the inhibitory effects of chromatin. We compare six different remodeling complexes: ySWI/SNF, yRSC, hSWI/SNF, xMi-2, dCHRAC, and dNURF. We find that each complex uses similar amounts of ATP to remodel nucleosomal arrays at nearly identical rates. We also perform assays with arrays reconstituted with hyperacetylated or trypsinized histones and isolated histone (H3/H4)2tetramers. The results define three groups of the ATP-dependent family of remodeling enzymes. In addition we investigate the ability of an acidic activator to recruit remodeling complexes to nucleosomal arrays. We propose that ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzymes share a common reaction mechanism and that a key distinction between complexes is in their mode of regulation or recruitment.
Bosentan and Warfarin Interaction

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of decreased international normalized ratio (INR) in a patient receiving warfarin and bosentan. CASE SUMMARY: A 35-year-old African American woman with a history of primary pulmonary hypertension managed with warfarin, diltiazem, and hydrochlorothiazide was initiated on bosentan therapy. The patient's INR had been stable and within therapeutic range (goal 2.0–3.0) for the previous 3 months with warfarin 27.5 mg/wk, but became subtherapeutic after 10 days of bosentan therapy. Addition of over-the-counter medications, herbal products, vitamins, or dietary changes was denied. The INR remained subtherapeutic for 5 weeks despite weekly warfarin dose increases. After these 5 weeks of dosage increases, the INR became supratherapeutic for 3 weeks, resulting in a subsequent dosage decrease. The resultant warfarin dose required to maintain a therapeutic INR was 45 mg/wk, a 63.6% dosage increase after the initiation of bosentan. DISCUSSION: This case shows that a clinically significant interaction between bosentan and warfarin may exist. An objective causality assessment revealed that the interaction was probable. Although the possibility of this interaction has been noted, no previously documented occurrence of this interaction has been identified. CONCLUSIONS: Bosentan may significantly decrease the anticoagulant properties of warfarin. The INR should be monitored more frequently when bosentan is initiated, adjusted, or discontinued in patients taking warfarin.
Relearning knowledge for people in a case of right variant frontotemporal dementia

Abstract Right variant frontotemporal dementia (Rvt-FTD) is a rare variant of FTD that usually presents with a progressive difficulty in recognizing familiar people. We aimed to determine whether rehabilitation of semantic knowledge for people improves recognition by both verbal and visual channels in a patient with Rvt-FTD. Knowledge for 21 famous people was assessed in a patient with Rvt-FTD before and after completing a semantic rehabilitation program. After rehabilitation recognition increased by 95% when presented with the famous people’s names and related semantic facts, but only by 28% when presented with their faces. Recognition of people by verbal and visual channels improves differently after semantic knowledge rehabilitation.