Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social Determinants of HIV Health Care: A Tale of Two Cities

Despite unprecedented scale up and advances in the treatment of HIV/AIDS in the last fifteen years, the great majority of individuals around the world who need antiretroviral therapy (ART) are not receiving it. Furthermore, it has now become apparent that even in locations where there is access to treatment, segments of the population do not engage in care because of multiple barriers that prevent them from accessing care, thus losing the potential benefits of ART. A social ecological framework can be applied to understand the multiple layers of factors at the individual, interpersonal and structural levels, that affect HIV clinical outcomes and consequently transmission (Stokols 1996). The institutional barriers include those imposed by the very institutions developed to care for people with HIV. Beyond institutional barriers, factors related to poverty and economics, politics, and the sociocultural and psychological context of the individual all contribute to the challenges faced by people seeking treatment. Acknowledging the difficulties that HIV-infected individuals confront, the World Health Organization (WHO) has put forth the goal of universal access to HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, and care (WHO 2010). In addition to improving the individual’s personal health, access and treatment with subsequent virologic suppression on a population level may help decrease transmission of HIV (Das et al. 2010). Until a cure for HIV is found, individuals infected with HIV face a lifetime of requiring health care access and antiretroviral drug therapy to control the virus, in addition to the comorbidities associated with chronic HIV infection. For those able to enter and remain in care, additional obstacles can prevent them from maintaining high levels of adherence to the available therapies. In this chapter, we will explore how the sociocultural context of a particular region can influence health care outcomes for individuals living with HIV. First, we exemplify two epidemics and two health care systems separated geographically and culturally from one another, Atlanta, Georgia, United States, and Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, in order to illustrate how these factors can impede a successful response to ART. Following this description, we describe efforts that have been undertaken to address some of these barriers to improve engagement in health care within and beyond these settings. We also review creative approaches that can be used to maximize adherence to treatment. Finally, a course for the ultimate way forward is chartered, detailing steps necessary to address these barriers in a variety of settings around the world.
A BIOLOGICALLY-BASED SYSTEM FOR WINTER PRODUCTION OF FRESH-MARKET TOMATOES IN SOUTH FLORIDA

A three year-experiment was conducted at two loca- tions near Homestead, Florida to evaluate the feasibility of us- ing a biologically-based system for winter production of fresh- market tomatoes ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in south Florida fields with light to moderate infestations of the root- knot nematode ( Meloidogyne incognita ((Kofoid and White) Chitwood), and yellow nutsedge ( Cyperus esculentus L.). The system consisted of a cropping rotation in which nematode- resistant cover crops (cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata (l.) Walp. cv. Iron Clay), velvetbean ( Mucuna deeringiana (Bort.), Merr. ) and sunn hemp ( Crotalaria juncea L. cv. Tropic Sun)) were followed by a nematode-resistant tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) crop. There were two cover crop treatments (cowpea and velvetbean) and a standard methyl bromide/chloropicrin (MC- 33) treatment in 2000/01. A third cover crop treatment using sunn hemp was added in 2001/02. In 2003/04, two cover crop treatments (velvetbean and sunn hemp), a fallow (no cover crop), and a MC-33 treatment preceded by a summer sorghum sudangrass cover crop were used. Biomass production by the velvetbean, cowpea, and sunn hemp crops averaged 14.8, 8.5, and 11.6 Mg·ha -1 , respectively. Suppression of root-knot nem- atode ( Meloidogyne incognita ) by the cover crops could not be rigorously determined because of very low or low density nematode populations. Marketable tomato yields in all treat- ments and in all years were above average annual yields in Miami-Dade County. Yields were highest in 2003/04 because the crop was healthy and favorable prices encouraged eight harvests. In contrast, yields were low in 2001/02 due to a heavy infection by foliar pathogens. In 2000/01, there was no signifi- cant difference in extra-large fruit yield among the treatments but the MC-33 treatment had a higher yield of large fruits than the cowpea and velvetbean treatments, thus resulting in a higher total marketable yield than both cover crop treatments. The total marketable yield in the velvetbean treatment was next highest. In 2001/02, the cowpea treatment had a signifi- cantly higher yield of extra-large fruits than the MC-33 and the velvetbean treatments and significantly higher total market- able yield than all other treatments. In 2003/04, equal market- able yields in all fruit-size grades occurred in the sorghum sudangrass/MC-33, velvetbean, and sunn hemp treatments and these were significantly higher than in the fallow treat- ment. Economic analysis showed that all treatments resulted in positive net returns in all years. Returns in 2003/04 were the highest of all study years due to high yields and high market prices. Among the cover crops, sunn hemp produced the high- est tomato yields and net returns of all treatments over the two years it was used.
EIGENVALUE MULTIPLICITES OF THE HODGE LAPLACIAN ON COEXACT 2-FORMS FOR GENERIC METRICS ON 5-MANIFOLDS

OF DISSERTATION EIGENVALUE MULTIPLICITES OF THE HODGE LAPLACIAN ON COEXACT 2-FORMS FOR GENERIC METRICS ON 5-MANIFOLDS In 1976, Uhlenbeck used transversality theory to show that for certain families of elliptic operators, the property of having only simple eigenvalues is generic. As one application, she proved that on a closed Riemannian manifold, the eigenvalues of the Laplace-Beltrami operator ∆g are all simple for a residual set of C r metrics. In 2012, Enciso and Peralta-Salas established an analogue of Uhlenbeck’s theorem for differential forms, showing that on a closed 3-manifold, there exists a residual set of C metrics such that the nonzero eigenvalues of the Hodge Laplacian ∆ (k) g on k-forms are all simple for 0 ≤ k ≤ 3. In this dissertation, we continue to address the question of whether Uhlenbeck’s theorem can be extended to differential forms. In particular, we prove that for a residual set of C metrics, the nonzero eigenvalues of the Hodge Laplacian ∆ (2) g acting on coexact 2-forms on a closed 5-manifold have multiplicity 2. To prove our main result, we structure our argument around a study of the Beltrami operator ∗gd, which is related to the Hodge Laplacian by ∆ g = −(∗gd) when the operators are restricted to coexact 2-forms on a 5-manifold. We use techniques from perturbation theory to show that the Beltrami operator has only simple eigenvalues for a residual set of metrics. We further establish even eigenvalue multiplicities for the Hodge Laplacian acting on coexact k-forms in the more general setting n = 4`+1 and k = 2` for ` ∈ N.
Multidisciplinary Design Optimization in Aerodynamics and Aeroacoustics Master Thesis : Analysis of the A-Pillar

A roof above your head, when in a car, is made possible due to the component called the A-pillar in the automotive industry. This component is not only responsible for holding up the roof but also in providing a point for the windscreen to be attached. Hence, it is definitely a part that can not be done away with and any problems arising from it must be solved. The flow over the A-pillar causes formation of vortices which causes an increase in the drag generated by the vehicle. These vortices also cause a high level of noise to be generated, which can cause discomfort inside the vehicle, when it is in motion. Hence, there is a need in the automotive industry to modify the A-pillar so as to reduce the generated drag and noise caused by it. In this thesis, the flow around the A-pillar is analyzed and modifications are made accordingly to reduce the impact of the vortices formed due to it. The final resulting design of the A-pillar which has been modified from the aerodynamics and aeroacoustics point of view has been presented. This thesis project also includes the optimization of the method used to implement this. The method involved in obtaining an optimized design of the A-pillar started with the geometry cleaning phase in ANSA, followed by the meshing and simulation phase in FLUENT and finally concluding with the optimization phase in HEEDS. The process of doing this methodology has now been optimized resulting in lesser times between the models being cleaned and optimized. The baseline model obtained from these simulations has been validated by comparing the flow around the vehicle to other works and literature studies. This was done to be certain that the optimization method works to provide correct and accurate results. The optimized design, which called for an increased height was then compared against the baseline model, to understand the flow behavior that lead to the reduction of the output variables.
Culture, Interpersonal Stress, and Psychological Distress

The present study examined cultural differences in interpersonal stress experiences in Japan and the United States. Japanese and U.S. students completed a questionnaire that included measures of interpersonal stressors, the behavior inhibition system (BIS), and psychological distress. As hypothesized, frequency of interpersonal friction was higher in Japan than in the United States, whereas frequency of interpersonal conflict did not differ across cultures. BIS partially mediated relationships between culture and frequency of interpersonal friction.
Scattering-angle based filtering of the waveform inversion gradients

S U M M A R Y Full waveform inversion (FWI) requires a hierarchical approach to maneuver the complex non-linearity associated with the problem of velocity update. In anisotropic media, the nonlinearity becomes far more complex with the potential trade-off between the multiparameter description of the model. A gradient filter helps us in accessing the parts of the gradient that are suitable to combat the potential non-linearity and parameter trade-off. The filter is based on representing the gradient in the time-lag normalized domain, in which the low scattering angle of the gradient update is initially muted out in the FWI implementation, in what we may refer to as a scattering angle continuation process. The result is a low wavelength update dominated by the transmission part of the update gradient. In this case, even 10 Hz data can produce vertically near-zero wavenumber updates suitable for a background correction of the model. Relaxing the filtering at a later stage in the FWI implementation allows for smaller scattering angles to contribute higher-resolution information to the model. The benefits of the extended domain based filtering of the gradient is not only it’s ability in providing low wavenumber gradients guided by the scattering angle, but also in its potential to provide gradients free of unphysical energy that may correspond to unrealistic scattering angles.
Supervised Autonomous Locomotion and Manipulation for Disaster Response with a Centaur-Like Robot

Mobile manipulation tasks are one of the key challenges in the field of search and rescue (SAR) robotics requiring robots with flexible locomotion and manipulation abilities. Since the tasks are mostly unknown in advance, the robot has to adapt to a wide variety of terrains and workspaces during a mission. The centaur-like robot Centauro has a hybrid legged-wheeled base and an anthropomorphic upper body to carry out complex tasks in environments too dangerous for humans. Due to its high number of degrees of freedom, controlling the robot with direct teleoperation approaches is challenging and exhausting. Supervised autonomy approaches are promising to increase quality and speed of control while keeping the flexibility to solve unknown tasks. We developed a set of operator assistance functionalities with different levels of autonomy to control the robot for challenging locomotion and manipulation tasks. The integrated system was evaluated in disaster response scenarios and showed promising performance.
Information Perspective to Probabilistic Modeling: Boltzmann Machines versus Born Machines

We compare and contrast the statistical physics and quantum physics inspired approaches for unsupervised generative modeling of classical data. The two approaches represent probabilities of observed data using energy-based models and quantum states, respectively. Classical and quantum information patterns of the target datasets therefore provide principled guidelines for structural design and learning in these two approaches. Taking the Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBM) as an example, we analyze the information theoretical bounds of the two approaches. We also estimate the classical mutual information of the standard MNIST datasets and the quantum Rényi entropy of corresponding Matrix Product States (MPS) representations. Both information measures are much smaller compared to their theoretical upper bound and exhibit similar patterns, which imply a common inductive bias of low information complexity. By comparing the performance of RBM with various architectures on the standard MNIST datasets, we found that the RBM with local sparse connection exhibit high learning efficiency, which supports the application of tensor network states in machine learning problems.
PD-DM: An efficient locality-preserving block device mapper with plausible deniability

Abstract Encryption protects sensitive data from unauthorized access, yet is not sufficient when users are forced to surrender keys under duress. In contrast, plausible deniability enables users to not only encrypt data but also deny its existence when challenged. Most existing plausible deniability work (e.g. the successful and unfortunately now-defunct TrueCrypt) tackles “single snapshot” adversaries, and cannot handle the more realistic scenario of adversaries gaining access to a device at multiple time points. Such “multi-snapshot” adversaries can simply observe modifications between snapshots and detect the existence of hidden data. Existing ideas handling “multi-snapshot” scenarios feature prohibitive overheads when deployed on practically-sized disks. This is mostly due to a lack of data locality inherent in certain standard access-randomization mechanisms, one of the building blocks used to ensure plausible deniability. In this work, we show that such randomization is not necessary for strong plausible deniability. Instead, it can be replaced by a canonical form that permits most of writes to be done sequentially. This has two key advantages: 1) it reduces the impact of seek due to random accesses; 2) it reduces the overall number of physical blocks that need to be written for each logical write. As a result, PD-DM increases I/O throughput by orders of magnitude (10–100× in typical setups) over existing work while maintaining strong plausible deniability against multi-snapshot adversaries. Notably, PD-DM is the first plausible-deniable system getting within reach of the performance of standard encrypted volumes (dm-crypt) for random I/O.
Switching effective oxygen reduction and evolution performance by controlled graphitization of a cobalt–nitrogen–carbon framework system

We report a purposely designed route for the synthesis of a promising carbon-based electrocatalyst for both ORR (oxygen reduction reaction) and OER (oxygen evolution reaction) from zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs). Firstly, precursor ZIFs are rationally designed with a blend of volatile zinc to induce porosity and stable cobalt to induce graphitic domains. Secondly, the self-modulated cobalt–nitrogen–carbon system (SCNCS) is shown to be an effective ORR catalyst after graphitization at mild temperatures. Finally, the best OER catalyst is developed by enhancing graphitization of the SCNCS. For the first time, solely by switching the graphitization conditions of SCNCS, excellent ORR or OER performance is realized. This approach not only opens up a simple protocol for simultaneous optimization of nitrogen doping and graphitization at controlled cobalt concentrations, but also provide a facile method of developing such active catalysts without the use of extensive synthesis procedures.
Moisture sorption in artificially aged wood-plastic composites

Moisture sorption in wood-plastic composites (WPCs) affects their durability and dimensional stability. In certain outdoor exposures, the moisture properties of WPCs are altered due to e.g. cracks induced by swelling and shrinkage of the components, as well as UV degradation or biological attack. The aim of this work was to study the effect of different artificial ageing routes on the moisture sorption properties of WPCs. Extruded WPCs were prepared with either unmodified or acetylated wood and recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE). The WPC samples were artificially aged involving water soaking, artificial weathering, and white- or brown-rot decay in different combinations. After the ageing, the samples were conditioned in either 65% or 90% relative humidity (RH) until equilibrium moisture content was reached. A dynamic moisture sorption analyzer was used to monitor the sorption rate of samples subjected to a climate change from 65% to 90% RH. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the surface morphology of the aged composites. Results showed that the artificial weathering caused cracking of the HDPE matrix at the composite surface, as well as a wood-matrix debonding, resulting in an increased moisture sorption rate. The WPC samples subjected to white-rot decay showed the highest moisture sorption rate.
Physiology of Rapid Movements in Higher Plants

Among the various behaviors in higher plants, a peculiar one, that a part of the leaf or flower in certain plants shows very rapid movement upon stimulus, has invited the attention of a number of investigators since the beginning of botanical research. However, in spite of this long history of study, numerous fundamental aspects of the phenomena remain to be clari­ fied. Since the definition of the rapid movement is still unclear, discussion in this review will be restricted to three types of the movements: (a) rapid response in the pulvini of the mimosas; (b) shutting movement in the traps of two carnivores, Dionaea and Aldrovanda ( an aquatic plant); and (c) visible movements in the stamen and pistil of some plants upon stimulus. This review is not intended to be a comprehensive resume of all published works on the movements. I intend to restrict my discussion to a consider­ ation of various results in an attempt to discover a general mechanism un­ derlying these movements, and will stress the relation between electrical re­ sponse and the movement. Several reviews and monographs have been published that approach this problem from various points of view (18, 19, 24, 42, 101, 103 ) , including the author's own works (11, 71) . In this review I will return to some of the important older literature which provides a basis for understanding the mechanism.
Integrating invasion and disease in the risk assessment of live bird trade

International trade in plants and animals generates significant economic benefits. It also leads to substantial unintended impacts when introduced species become invasive, causing environmental disturbance or transmitting diseases that affect people, livestock, other wildlife or the environment. Policy responses are usually only implemented after these species become established and damages are already incurred. International agreements to control trade are likewise usually based on selection of species with known impacts. We aim to further develop quantitative invasive species risk assessment for bird imports and extend the tool to explicitly address disease threats.
Mean-field model for the dynamics of conductance-based networks of excitatory and inhibitory spiking neurons with adaptation

Matteo di Volo, Alberto Romagnoni, 3 Cristiano Capone, 5 and Alain Destexhe 4 Unité de Neuroscience, Information et Complexité (UNIC), CNRS FRE 3693, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France Centre de recherche sur l’inflammation UMR 1149, Inserm Université Paris Diderot Data Team, Département d’informatique de l’ENS, École normale supérieure, CNRS, PSL Research University, 75005, Paris, France European Institute for Theoretical Neuroscience, 74 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, Paris, 75012 France present address: Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Rome Italy (Dated: July 4, 2018)
Kürekçilerin Kürek Ergometresinde 2000 M Kürek Çekişlerinin 3 Boyutlu Biyomekaniksel Analizi

Arastirmanin amaci, 2000m kurek cekisinin farkli mesafelerinde (500m, 1000m, 1500m ve 2000m) kurek cekis tekniginin temel ozelliklerinin tespit edilmesidir. Arastirmamiza yas ortalamasi 20,90±1,5yil; boy ortalamalari 184,50±5,9cm ve agirlik ortalamalari 79,40±9,05kg olan 10 erkek kurek sporcusu katilmistir. Deneklerin 2000 m kurek cekis performanslari Concept 2D ergometresinde hizi 100 hz olan iki adet Basler marka video kamera ile kaydedilerek, 500, 1000, 1500 ve 2000 metrelik cekis sonundaki bir kurek devri, SIMI Motion Reality Sistem versiyon 8.5. 7 hareket analiz programinda analiz edilmistir. Yakalama ve bitis fazlarinda segmetlerin aci, acisal hiz, acisal ivmeleri, kurek cekis zamani, cekis gucu, cekis hizi ve cekis temposu verileri SPSS 20.0 programi kullanilarak istatistikleri yapilmistir. Performanslar arasinda elde edilen farkliliklar tek yonlu varyans analizi, performans ve kinematik parametreler arasindaki iliskiler Pearson Korelasyon analizi ile degerlendirilmistir. Diz acisinda, yakalama fazinda anlamli farkliliklar bulunurken (p <0.05); cekis hizinin her mesafesinde istatistiksel olarak anlamli bir farklilik bulunmustur ve bu farklilik mesafeye bagli kademeli bir artis gostermistir (p<0.05). Sonuc olarak, cekis anindan tekneyi hizlandiran onemli hareketler, yogun sekilde vucudun ust ekstremitelerinde gerceklesiyormus gibi gozukse de alt ekstremitelerin yarattigi bir zincir hareketinin oldugu unutulmamalidir
Supplementary Material : Incremental Tube Construction for Human Action Detection

Harkirat Singh Behl1 harkirat@robots.ox. ac.uk Michael Sapienza2 m.sapienza@samsung.com Gurkirt Singh3 gurkirt.singh-2015@brookes.ac.uk Suman Saha3 suman.saha-2014@brookes.ac.uk Fabio Cuzzolin3 fabio.cuzzolin@brookes.ac.uk Philip H. S. Torr1 phst@robots.ox. ac.uk 1 Department of Engineering Science University of Oxford Oxford, UK 2 Think Tank Team Samsung Research America Mountain View, CA 3 Dept. of Computing and Communication Technologies Oxford Brookes University Oxford, UK
Analiza hibridnih in električnih vozil z uporabo faktorja Pihef

Povzetek. Čedalje več proizvajalcev avtomobilov v svojo ponudbo umešča tudi električna in hibridna vozila. Že razvrščanje teh vozil glede njihovih pogonskih sklopov ni enoznačno, še več vprašanj pa porajajo podatki o njihovem izkoristku, dosegu in izpustih. Pri vrednotenju teh podatkov si lahko pomagamo tudi s pred kratkim predstavljenim faktorjem Pihef (plug-in hybrid electric factor), ki bi ga lahko poimenovali "faktor električnosti priključnega hibrida". V prispevku je predlagana nekoliko spremenjena uporaba faktorja Pihef, s katero bi laže ovrednotili gospodarnost konkretnega modela vozila. V nadaljevanju je podana analiza izkoristka oziroma porabe goriva različnih tipov vozil glede na njihove pogonske sklope (klasični, hibridni, priključni hibridni, električni) ob upoštevanju normnih podatkov, kot jih zahtevata regulatorna organa Evropske unije in ZDA. Po sklepnih ugotovitvah imajo glede izkoristka in udobja uporabe za zdaj prednost priključna hibridna vozila pred povsem električnimi vozili.