Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recent evolution of European grid code requirements and its impact on turbogenerator design

Some new requirements were recently introduced in European grid codes, mainly due to the increasing share of renewable energy sources connecting to the European network. These requirements are sometimes differing from grid code to grid code and also from the international standards requirements (mainly IEC 60034-3 and IEEE C50.13 for turbogenerators). This paper gives an overview on some requirements from various European grid codes and presents the harmonisation efforts undertaken by the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E) via the proposal of a pilot code. Furthermore a typical generator response to the low-voltage ride-through requirement proposed by the ENTSO-E is discussed and some of the power generation equipment manufacturers comments to the proposed draft pilot code are summarized. Finally, it is reminded that the generator is not the only component influencing the electrical grid transient stability.
A GIS-Based Gradient Analysis on Landscape Pattern of Tongzhou District, Beijing, China

The gradient variance and spatial stability associated with landscape pattern were investigated for fast urbanization area of Tongzhou District of Beijing by combining spatial network sampling technique, landscape metrics and gradient analysis. A newly integrated indicator, Landscape Stability Index (LSI) is established by combing related landscape metrics to reflect the potential landscape dynamics. The results shows that landscape change in Tongzhou exhibits distinctive spatial differences along transects from urban center to rural areas, characterized by higher fragmentations at urban fringes and newly urbanizing areas. In addition, the landscape stability index of Tongzhou is from 0.204 to 1, with mean value of 0.4436, indicating relatively low landscape stability level with intensive transformation and conversion of landscape and obvious spatial difference. The rapid landscape converting area (with low LSI value) consists of the arc-shaped area surrounding central Tongzhou city and its vertical zone along Beiyun River to southeastern direction.
Variations in sphenoid sinus anatomy with special emphasis on pneumatization and endoscopic anatomic distances.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to present the morphometry and pneumatization of the sphenoid sinus in detail for the neurosurgeon for transnasal approach to the hypophyseal tumors and especially for functional endoscopic sinus surgery. METHODS One hundred and eighty midsagittal magnetic resonance images, 48 bones and 29 hemi-sectioned cadaveric heads obtained from Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Departments of Anatomy and Radiology were used in 2003. The sphenoid sinuses were classified into sellar, pre-sellar, conchal and post-sellar types according to the extent of their posterior limits. Different measurements based on the surgical approach and sinus size were performed. RESULTS Conchal type sinus was observed in 1.9%, pre-sellar type 9%, sellar type 52.9% and post-sellar type 36.2% of the specimens. Conchal type sphenoid sinus was not observed in males, but in 1.7% of females. Pre-sellar type was observed in 5.6% of males and 2.8% of females. Sellar type was found in 24.4% of males and 23.9% females, and post-sellar type in 19.5% of males and 22.2% of females. The sphenoid sinus length at the upper and lower parts was 13.51+/-3.25mm and 24.57+/-6.65mm. The sphenoid sinus height at the anterior and posterior parts was 21.27+/-4.25mm and 14.5+/-4.07mm. Distance from the ostium to limen was 56.6+/-5.6mm and from ostium to sill was 64.6+/-6.11mm in cadaveric specimens. In MR images, distance from the ostium to the sill was 68.7+/-5.9mm and from sella to sill 82.8+/-6.2mm. CONCLUSION Sphenoid sinus variations observed in pneumatization, size, localization and shape are important in providing a better surgical approach and avoiding surgical complications.
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Via della Vasca Navale , 79 00146 Roma , Italy Set Input to State Stability for Multi-Agent Systems

In this paper, we investigate set Input to State Stability (set-ISS) in the context of multi-agent systems, specifically when agent interaction is spatial in nature. We review the definition of Input-to-State (ISS) Lyapunov functions with respect to sets, from which we provide a structural formulation of set-ISS that accommodates the local and per-agent nature of interacting systems. We argue that such a non-global characterization of set-ISS results in intuitive studies of multi-agent systems subject to external disturbances, resulting in superior understanding of collective and asymptotic behaviors. For the validation of our propositions, we consider a decentralized control law to reach swarm aggregation towards a bounded region of space. We demonstrate that our set-ISS structure, coupled with the requirement of physical occupancy in spatial interaction, connects with the classical notions of set-ISS, and yields both a fundamentally simplified analysis and superior insight into agent behavior compared to previous work.
Nitrogen balance and plasma amino acid levels in uremic patients fed an essential amino acid diet.

The nutritional value of a diet providing the eight essential L-amino acids was assessed in three chronically uremic men living in a metabolic unit. Subjects were fed initially, for comparison, a diet providing 22 g of primarily high quality protein and then received a diet containing 21 g of the eight free essential L-amino acids. Nitrogen balance was similar for each subject with both diets and was negative in two patients and neutral in one. Because nitrogen intake was less with the amino acid diet, it is inferred that dietary nitrogen was utilized more efficiently with the latter diet. Levels of both essential and nonessential amino acids in plasma were well maintained with the amino acid diet. Exceptions were cystine and histidine which decreased, and valine and possibly threonine, which increased with the latter diet. Plasma cystinewas initially elevated and the metabolic significance of its fall is obscure. The decrease in plasma histidine supports the contention that histidine is an essential amino acid in uremia. These observations suggest that a diet providing 21 g of the eight essential L-amino acids may not be adequate for the maintenance of good nutritional status in renal failure. Addition of histidine and possibly a source of nonspecific nitrogen may enhance the nutritional value of this diet. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 27: 806-8 12, 1974.
Location Determination using In-Band Signaling for Mobility Management in Future Networks

This paper covers positioning techniques for future cellular networks using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing communications signals. These methods are based on symbol- timing synchronization algorithms to find the starting point for the underlying in-band pilots in the preamble. Commonly used approaches as like the Schmidl-Cox algorithm and the Minn algorithm are discussed and investigated w.r. t. their positioning capabilities. Furthermore, they are extended to improve the performance in multipath environments and to achieve a sufficient accuracy with weak signals from neighboring out-of-cell base stations. Additionally, system-side applications that can make use of the estimated location information are analyzed.
Cotton Osteotomy in Flatfoot Reconstruction: A Review of Consecutive Cases

&NA; The Cotton osteotomy or opening wedge medial cuneiform osteotomy is a useful adjunctive flatfoot reconstructive procedure that is commonly performed; however, the outcomes are rarely reported owing to the adjunctive nature of the procedure. The Cotton procedure is relatively quick to perform and effectively corrects forefoot varus deformity after rearfoot fusion or osteotomy to achieve a rectus forefoot to rearfoot relationship. Proper patient selection is critical because the preoperative findings of medial column joint instability, concomitant hallux valgus deformity, or degenerative joint disease of the medial column might be better treated by arthrodesis of the naviculocuneiform or first tarsometatarsal joints. Procedure indications also include elevatus of the first ray, which can be a primary deformity in hallux limitus or an iatrogenic deformity after base wedge osteotomy for hallux valgus. We undertook an institutional review board‐approved retrospective review of 32 consecutive patients (37 feet) who had undergone Cotton osteotomy as a part of flatfoot reconstruction. All but 1 case (2.7%) had radiographic evidence of graft incorporation at 10 weeks. No patient experienced graft shifting. Three complications (8.1%) were identified, including 2 cases with neuritis (5.4%) and 1 case of delayed union (2.7%) that healed with a bone stimulator at 6 months postoperatively. Meary's angle improved an average of 17.75°, from −17.24°± 8.00° to 0.51°± 3.81°, and this change was statistically significant (p < .01). The present retrospective series highlights our experience with the use of the Cotton osteotomy as an adjunctive procedure in flatfoot reconstructive surgery. &NA; Level of Clinical Evidence: 4
Promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors: the Heart Smart Discussion Activity.

The health habits of high school students affect not only their current health but also their future risk for obesity and cardiovascular disease.1,2 National surveys revealed that the majority of US high school students do not consume the recommended daily amounts of fruits and vegetables or meet recommended aerobic physical activity requirements.3,4 Almost one third of high school students engage in 3 or more hours per day of sedentary activity (ie, using computers for nonacademic purposes or watching television). 4 The probability of students engaging in unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and failing to follow healthy behavior guidelines is increased when they are stressed, a common occurrence during high school.5 Because unhealthy lifestyle behaviors contribute to cardiovascular disease risk, prevention efforts for high school students are vital.1,6 Many cardiovascular risk factors, such as obesity, poor eating habits, and inactivity, are modifiable through behavior change. Two important aspects of encouraging behavior change are (1) creating awareness of the connection between lifestyle habits and health outcomes and (2) increasing self-efficacy for behavior change by setting achievable goals.7,8 Health education can improve students’ well-being and reduce their cardiovascular risk.9 This may be accomplished by engaging them in activities that promote healthy habits and helping them attain personal goals that are consistent with recommended healthy lifestyle guidelines.10 The Heart Smart Discussion Activity was developed to provide information about heart health, good nutrition, physical activity, and stress management. It encourages students to discuss health-related information and set achievable behavioral goals to improve heart health.
Treatment of acute leukemia during pregnancy

Cytarabine and thioguanine therapy for acute myelocytic leukemia, initiated during the 26th week of pregnancy, led to complete remission of the leukemia in a 22‐year‐old woman, and allowed for delivery of a normal infant at term. No chromosomal abnormalities were detected in the infant. Cytarabine and thioguanine in combination are effective agents in the treatment of acute leukemia in adults. Their use appears warranted in pregnant patients after the first trimester.
Entry of Pseudorabies Virus: an Immunogold-Labeling Study

ABSTRACT Herpesviruses infect cells by fusion of the viral envelope with cellular membranes, primarily the plasma membrane. During this process structural components of the mature virion are lost from the invading nucleocapsid, which then travels along microtubules to the nuclear pore. We examined the penetration process by immunoelectron microscopy and analyzed which of the major tegument proteins remained associated with the incoming capsid. We show that the UL36, UL37, and US3 proteins were present at intracytoplasmic capsids after penetration, whereas the UL11, UL47, UL48, and UL49 tegument proteins were lost. Thus, the three capsid-associated tegument proteins are prime candidates for viral proteins that interact with cellular motor proteins for transport of nucleocapsids to the nucleus.
Molecular Basis for Variable Expression of Merozoite Surface Antigen gp45 among American Isolates ofBabesia bigemina

ABSTRACT Immunization with the merozoite surface glycoprotein gp45 induces protection against challenge using the homologousBabesia bigemina strain. However, gp45 B-cell epitopes are highly polymorphic among B. bigemina strains isolated from different geographical locations within North and South America. The molecular basis for this polymorphism was investigated using the JG-29 biological clone of a Mexico strain of B. bigeminaand comparison with the Puerto Rico, St. Croix, and Texcoco strains. The molecular size and antibody reactivity of gp45 expressed by the JG-29 clone were identical to those of the parental Mexico strain. gp45 cDNA and the genomic locus encompassinggp45 were cloned and sequenced from JG-29. The locus sequence and Southern blot data were consistent with a singlegp45 copy in the JG-29 genome. The JG-29 cDNA expressed the full-length protein recognized by the gp45-specific monoclonal antibody 14/1.3. 2. The genomes of the Puerto Rico and St. Croix strains of B. bigemina were shown to lack a closely related gp45-like gene by PCR using multiple primer sets and by Southern blots using both full-length and region-specific gp45 probes. This genomic difference was confirmed using unpassaged isolates from a 1999 disease outbreak in Puerto Rico. In contrast, the Texcoco strain retains a gp45gene, encoding an open reading frame identical to that of JG-29. However, the Texcoco gp45 gene is not transcribed. These two mechanisms, lack of a closely related gp45-like gene and failure to transcribe gp45, result in generation of antigenic polymorphism among B. bigeminastrains, and the latter mechanism is unique compared to prior mechanisms of antigenic polymorphism identified in babesial parasites.
A categorical data analysis on relationships between culture, creativity and business stage: the case of Vietnam

In this paper, we offer a new way of exploring relationships between three different dimensions of a business operation, namely the stages of business development, the methods of creativity and the major cultural values. Although separately each of these has gained enormous attention from the management research community, evidenced by a large volume of research studies, few studies have attempted to describe the logic that connect these three important aspects of a business, let alone develop empirical evidence that supports any significant relationships among these variables. This paper also provides a dataset and an empirical investigation on that dataset, using a categorical data analysis, to conclude that examinations of these possible relationships are meaningful, even for seemingly unquantifiable information. The results also show that the most significant category among all creativity methods employed in Vietnamese enterprises is the idea of 'creative disciplines' in the 'entrepreneurial phase'.
Cytotoxic Effects of Leukocytes and Plasma on Primary Cultures of Ovarian Carcinoma

The cytotoxic effects of leukocytes and plasma from 10 normal pregnant women, as well as from 30 patients with toxemia, uterine myoma, ovarian and endometrial carcinoma, were studied on monolayers of 67 primary cultures derived from ovarian carcinoma and ascitic fluid cells. Results are discussed in terms of the current hypothesis on the role of various mediators in cellular immune reactions.
Optionen und ihre Aussagekraft über die Risikoneigung der Anleger 1

In Finanzmarktkommentaren werden Schwankungen der Preise von Vermogenswerten haufig mit Veranderungen der Risikoneigung der Anleger erklart. Tatsachlich gibt es bei Turbulenzen an den Finanzmarkten oft Hinweise auf einen plotzlichen Stimmungsumschwung von Risikotoleranz zu Risikovermeidung. Denkbar ware zwar, dass dieser Stimmungswandel von fundamentalen Veranderungen in der Risikoneigung der einzelnen Anleger bewirkt wird, doch wahrscheinlicher ist, dass sich in ihm die aus dem Verhalten der gegenwartig aktiven Anleger ablesbare effektive Risikoneigung niederschlagt. Insbesondere kann ein ahnliches Verhalten wie es als Folge einer gewandelten fundamentalen Risikorenditepraferenz der Anleger zu beobachten ist, auch auf Veranderungen in der Zusammensetzung der aktiven Marktteilnehmer oder der Handelstaktiken beruhen, die auf die Wechselwirkung zwischen den gegenwartigen Marktbedingungen und institutionellen Merkmalen zuruckzufuhren sind. Ein Instrumentarium, das die Dynamik der Risikobereitschaft der Anleger abbildet, kann tieferen Einblick in das Funktionieren der Finanzmarkte geben. Insbesondere kann es nicht nur einen Beitrag zu einem aus Sicht der einzelnen Institute leistungsfahigeren Risikomanagement, sondern auch zu einer besseren Uberwachung der Marktbedingungen durch die Entscheidungstrager leisten. In diesem Feature wird ein Indikator fur die effektive Risikoaversion der Anleger entwickelt. Der Indikator ergibt sich aus dem Vergleich der statistischen Wahrscheinlichkeit kunftiger Anlageertrage, die anhand historischer Muster der Kassapreise geschatzt wird, mit einer Einschatzung der gleichen Wahrscheinlichkeit, herausgefiltert anhand der aus den Optionspreisen abgeleiteten effektiven Risikopraferenz der Marktteilnehmer. Insbesondere wird postuliert, dass die relative Grosse des unter praferenzgewichteten und statistischen Gesichtspunkten geschatzten Kursverlustrisikos sich in der gleichen Richtung bewegt wie die vorherrschende effektive Risikoneigung der Marktteilnehmer. Aussergewohnlich ist das Ergebnis, dass die an verschiedenen Aktienmarkten erhobenen Indikatoren fur die Risikoneigung eine signifikante
The Beginning of Racial Segregation: The Chinese in West Fresno and Chinatown's Role as Red Light District, 1870s-1920s

MANY CALIFORNIA CITIES, FRESNO has segregated enclaves where large numbers of ethnic minority groups reside. Without a doubt historically, Fresno's west side represents the most segregated and ghettoized area in the city. Moreover, since the city's founding in the 1870s, the west side included the town's red-light district which quickly gained notoriety for its vice operations. Yet, while today West Fresno is predominantly a Black/Chicano ghetto, the origins of West Fresno's segregated community are neither Black nor Chicano but Chinese. The settlement by Blacks and Chicanos of the west side can be traced to the 1920s. By that time, however, the structures associated with the area's racial segregation, ghettoization and its notoriety for vice operations were already firmly established when Chinese pioneers, forced to live in the district, established Chinatown in 1873.
In Vitro metabolism of ciclesonide in human lung and liver precision‐cut tissue slices

Ciclesonide is a new‐generation inhaled corticosteroid developed to treat the inflammation associated with persistent asthma. In order to identify the properties of ciclesonide responsible for anti‐inflammatory activity, ciclesonide metabolism was investigated in human lung and liver precision‐cut tissue slices. Three human lung and three human liver tissue slices were incubated with 25 µM [14C]‐ciclesonide for 2, 6 and 24 h. Cellular viability was assessed using adenosine 5′‐triphosphate content and protein synthesis in lung slices and adenosine 5′‐triphosphate content and potassium retention in liver slices. Ciclesonide and ciclesonide metabolites were analysed in tissue samples using high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet and radiochemical detection. Metabolite identity was confirmed using mass spectrometry. In lung slices, the inactive parent compound, ciclesonide, was initially converted to the active metabolite, desisobutyryl‐ciclesonide, and subsequently converted to fatty acid conjugates. The reversible formation of fatty acid conjugates was a major pathway of ciclesonide metabolism in human lung slices. The primary conjugate was identified as desisobutyryl‐ciclesonide oleate. Ciclesonide was metabolized to at least five polar metabolites in the liver. Dihydroxylated desisobutyryl‐ciclesonide was the major polar metabolite in liver slices. Activation and fatty acid esterification in the lung followed by rapid inactivation in the liver may explain the improved safety profile and prolonged anti‐inflammatory activity of ciclesonide. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Power Dissipation in Mobile Antenna Tuning Circuits Under Varying Impedance Conditions

It is often forgotten that certain load impedances may increase the power loss in real circuit elements significantly compared to the nominal data-sheet values. The problem is very relevant in the case of tuning circuits for mobile terminal antennas. The intrinsic impedance of the antenna, acting as the load for the tuning circuit, is prone to large variations due to electromagnetic interactions between the antenna and its environment. This letter discusses the identification of challenging impedance environments and the loss sensitivity of individual components in the tuning circuit, tradeoffs between losses and other characteristics, as well as countermeasures against increased power losses in matching and tuning circuits for mobile antennas.
Effects of ageing on smell and taste

Disorders of taste and smell commonly present diagnostic dilemmas to the medical profession. This may be secondary to the lack of knowledge and understanding of these conditions. There seems to be a low level of interest in the disorders, when compared with disruption of the other senses such as sight and hearing. Nevertheless, impairment of these senses are common and may be life threatening, especially when they involve the elderly patient. The aetiology of the conditions is widespread, and extend beyond the content of this article. This article will relate only to how the ageing process may contribute to sensory dysfunction. It will focus on how the ageing process changes the normal anatomy and physiology of the senses, how this effects the person’s quality of life, and the current management of these conditions.
SPECIAL ISSUE ON LUPUS IN ASIA-PACIFIC REGION Relevance of lymphocyte subsets to B cell-targeted therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease with heterogeneous clinical manifestations, and pathologically characterized by activation of autoreactive T cells and overproduction of autoantibodies by B cells. Although corticosteroids and immunosuppressants are widely used for the treatment, safer and more effective therapies are needed. B cells play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of SLE not only by producing pathogenic autoantibodies but also by modulating immune responses via production of cytokines and chemokines. The potential efficacy of B-cell depletion therapy has been reported in SLE. Treatment with rituximab, an anti-CD20 antibody, results in reconstitution of B cells in the periphery, thereby inhibiting T cell activation and differentiation, which in turn leads to long-term remission of SLE. However, we have reported SLE recurrence driven by B cellor T cell-memory activation after long-term remission, demonstrating pathological heterogeneity in SLE. Ideally, differential targeting therapies should be considered according to relevant lymphocyte subsets. Therefore, evaluation of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets could be valuable for predicting the response to B cell-targeted therapy. A better understanding of B cell pathology should contribute to the development of novel specific therapies for SLE.