Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF THE WRENTIT BASED ON MITOCHONDRIAL CYTOCHROME b SEQUENCES

Abstract The phylogenetic relationship of the Wrentit (Chamaea fasciata) to other passerine birds is understood poorly. A variety of taxa have been proposed as closely related to the Wrentit, but in general this species is placed in a monotypic taxon to emphasize its morphological distinctiveness and lack of clear relationship to other groups of birds. We used the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene to infer the relationship of this monotypic genus to other avian groups including representatives of Sylvioidea, Muscicapoidea, and Passeroidea. Results of this study corroborate in part earlier proposals based on DNA-DNA hybridization. Maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses support the Wrentit, Sylvia, and babblers (Garrulax, Illadopsis, Leiothrix, Pomatorhinus, Stachyris, and Yuhina) as a clade, with the Wrentit sharing a more recent common ancestor with Sylvia than with babblers. A Sylvia and Wrentit association is further supported by similarities in morphology and ecology. In addition to findings on Wrentit relationships, our study in general agrees with the major groups of oscine passerines identified by earlier DNA hybridization studies. Relaciones Filogenéticas de Chamaea fasciata Basadas en Secuencias del Citocromo b Mitocondrial Resumen. La relación filogenética de Chamaea fasciata con otros paserinos es vagamente entendida. Una variedad de taxa ha sido propuesta como relacionada cercanamente a C. fasciata, pero en general esta especie es situada en un taxón monotípico para enfatizar su morfología distintiva y la falta de claridad en la relación con otros grupos de aves. Utilizamos el gen del citocromo b mitocondrial para inferir la relación de este género monotípico con otros grupos de aves incluyendo representantes de Sylviodea, Muscicapoidea y Passeroidea. Resultados de este estudio corroboran parcialmente propuestas anteriores basadas en hibridación de ADN-ADN. Análisis filogenéticos de máxima parsimonia, de máxima probabilidad y bayesianos respaldan a C. fasciata, Sylvia, Garrulax, Illadopsis, Leiothrix, Pomatorhinus, Stachyris y Yuhina como un clado, con C. fasciata compartiendo un ancestro común más reciente con Sylvia. Una asociación entre Sylvia y C. fasciata es respaldada por similitudes en morfología y ecología. En adición a los descubrimientos en las relaciones de C. fasciata, nuestro estudio coincide en general con los grupos mayores de paserinos oscinos identificados en estudios previos mediante hibridación de ADN.
Testing the Effects of Acoustic/Prosodic Entrainment on User Behavior at the Dialog-Act Level

Entrainment has been documented across several dimensions of human-human dialog. Experimental studies relating dialog success and acoustic/prosodic (a/p) entrainment in spoken dialog systems, point towards a non-neutral effect of a/p entrainment. But results also suggest the presence of positive effects of disen-trainment. A plausible driver behind this last result could be that in these experiments both users and avatars were restricted in their use of dialog acts. In particular, systems only produced answers which entrained to the sole dialog act produced by users: requests for advice. Given that there is signiﬁcant documented correlation between dialog acts and a/p features, it seems reasonable to hypothesize that a/p entrainment may occur at the dialog-act level and that entraining or disentraining across dialog acts may introduce misleading artifacts. This paper presents the design and implementation of an experimental setup which allows to implement entrainment and disentrainment policies at the dialog-act level. It also presents results of a pilot study in Argentine Spanish.
A Mobile App for College Students Work Management based on Android Platform

To help students and teachers manage the teaching-learning process at University, we propose a design of a student work management system based on the Android platform. We examined and analyzed the needs of teachers and students to perform their practical work tasks. The system will organize such things as: student leave approval, group notification, student and school/teacher information queries, and other functions with the aim of greatly improving the efficiency of the teaching-learning process. The system uses the C/S system structure, the main data of which is placed in the school PC server, and the client runs on Android intelligent mobile phones.
Osteotomy in artificial femoral component revision with severe greater trochanter osteolysis

Objective: This retrospective study was aimed to evaluate the radiographic and clinical results of polyaxial locking compression osteosynthesis system and bone grafting for the Extended Trochanteric Osteotomy (ETO) in artificial femoral component revision with severe osteolysis of greater trochanter. Methods: 38 consecutive patients were operated on for the ETO in artificial femoral component revision, with a mean follow-up of 48 months (range, 24-84 months). The trochanteric fixation was achieved with polyaxial locking compression osteosynthesis system on the lateral surface of the severe ostelyic greater trochanter. The bone graft was subsequently performed at the osteolytic site. Results: Trochanteric union was achieved in all patients (100%). All the osteotomies were not displaced. The preoperative Harris hip score was 40.18 ± 6.23, at final follow-up, the Harris hip score was 81.45 ± 10.68, showing significant difference when compared with preoperative score (P=0.001). The muscle strength of the gluteus medius and gait were respectively evaluated in accordance with the standards of five classes and Trendelenburg sign, showing significant difference before and after operation (P<0.05). No cases needed painful hardware removal. Bony regeneration was an early and significant finding in most cases. We identified no evidence of breakage, bone obsorption or other complications directly attributable to the locking compression plate. Conclusion: The severe ostelyic greater trochanter can be successfully fixed with polyaxial locking plates for the extended trochanteric osteotomy during total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) revision. We did not observe any complications directly related to the polyaxial locking compression osteosynthesis system.
Holocene carbon cycle dynamics

We are investigating the late Holocene rise in CO2 by performing four experiments with the climate‐carbon‐cycle model CLIMBER2‐LPJ. Apart from the deep sea sediments, important carbon cycle processes considered are carbon uptake or release by the vegetation, carbon uptake by peatlands, and CO2 release due to shallow water sedimentation of CaCO3. Ice core data of atmospheric CO2 between 8 ka BP and preindustrial climate can only be reproduced if CO2 outgassing due to shallow water sedimentation of CaCO3 is considered. In this case the model displays an increase of nearly 20 ppmv CO2 between 8 ka BP and present day. Model configurations that do not contain this forcing show a slight decrease in atmospheric CO2. We can therefore explain the late Holocene rise in CO2 by invoking natural forcing factors only, and anthropogenic forcing is not required to understand preindustrial CO2 dynamics.
Cue-based annotation and analysis of prosodic boundary events

Prosodic categories, like other grammatical categories, are realized with wide variability, yet listeners interpret linguistic meaning with apparent ease. ToBI aims to capture the linguistically meaningful prosodic elements of utterances, but does not capture the variability in acoustic cues that the labeller (and listener) must interpret in order to assign distinctive categories. Despite a long history of empirical work demonstrating the importance of individual cues in signalling prosodic events, little previous work has explored how these cues might systematically combine, trade off and vary in magnitude across ToBI categories. Following recent proposals of cue-based annotation of segments, and disfluent and stuttered speech prosody, the current paper assesses the role of six timing, pitch, and voice quality cues in signalling boundary events in a corpus of independently ToBI-labelled fluent American English speech. Results demonstrate that each cue accounts for unique variance in break index level, and that break index levels increase with the number of cues present per token. The data further suggest that labeller uncertainty is more frequent for tokens that exhibit only a subset of the cues. Future work will investigate annotation of cues to prominence, as well as additional cues to boundaries and grouping.
Regional Income and Employment Effects of the 1972 Munich Olympic Summer Games

Olympic Games may have impacts on income and employment in the host city, but no ex post study has been carried out for European Olympic host cities to date. The present study closes this gap using the 1972 Munich Olympic Games. The data period examined in this study allows for analysis of long-term effects. In addition, the methodology avoids overestimating the significance of the effects. Finally, we report results for all possible combinations of preand post-Olympic periods. The results: income in Olympic regions grew significantly faster than in other German regions. In contrast, no employment effects were identified. JEL Classification Codes: L83, O18, R11, R53, R58
INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY CLASSIFICATION AND ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

In previous studies the internal iliac artery has been classified into five types; however based on a review of these studies it does not appear a classification associated with the coexistence of the sciatic artery. In this study, based on 171 dissected cadavers (92 male, 79 female), in 65 specimens the type of internal iliac artery could not be classified due to the presence of a sciatic artery or absence of the inferior gluteal artery. A modified classification system is therefore proposed as it is essential for radiologists, orthopedics, surgeons, obstetricians, gynecologists and urologists to be able to recognize the organization of the major branches of the internal iliac branches to avoid iatrogenic trauma and postsurgical complications, as well as to improve patient management. Keyword: Internal iliac artery, pelvic artery, sciatic artery, pelvic angiography.
Dark Matter and Holographic Dark Energy Models in Different Scenarios of the Universe

In this paper we examine homogeneous and anisotropic Bianchi type-V universe filled with interacting Dark matter and Holographic dark energy. Here we express a scale factor in emergent, logamediate, and intermediate scenarios, under which the universe expands differently. It is shown that for suitable choice of interaction between dark matter and holographic dark energy there is no coincidence problem (unlike ΛCDM). Also, in all the resulting models the anisotropy of expansion dies out very quickly and attains isotropy after some finite time. The physical and geometrical aspects of the models are also discussed.
A target-based model of efficient allocation of federal resources to the states for emergency preparedness

In In the wake of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, Congress provided a fund to help states offset costs for protecting against terrorist attacks and for emergency preparedness. More than one-third of this money is shared equally by all states, with the rest distributed based on the states’ population share, regardless of the potential targets in each state. This paper develops a rational public finance framework for distributing money to states for protecting against terrorist attacks. We propose two allocation criteria: (1) an efficiency criterion that equalizes the marginal expected loss (human and monetary) across all targets and (2) an equity criterion that adjusts payments to states based on their ability to pay for their own protection. These criteria imply a much more concentrated distribution of protection spending in a few highly populated, target-rich states than is now the case. We then explore the additional information required to protect against all types of terrorists. Limiting the set of protected targets to a few that are highly valued by well-funded terrorist groups produces an even more geographically concentrated funding portfolio. Terrorist insurance is preferable for low-likelihood, difficult-to-protect targets, or targets attractive to individual terrorists.
A THREE-STAGE KLASON METHOD FOR MORE ACCURATE DETERMINATIONS OF HARDWOOD LIGNIN CONTENT

A three-stage Klason, or 72 wt% sulfuric acid, method is described for hardwoods. As compared to the traditional twostage method, the primary hydrolysis (PH) stage was modified to improve mixing of the wood meal into the 72% H2SO4. The PH stage was followed by two 1 h secondary hydrolysis (SH) stages. The 72% H2SO4 slurry was first diluted to 40 wt% H2SO4 and heated at 80 °C then diluted to 3 wt% H2SO4 and refluxed. When equivalent PH stages were used, convincing evidence was obtained showing that the hydrolytic intensity in the cleavage of lignincarbohydrate complexes (LCC) was much higher for the modified SH stages, as compared to the traditional refluxing of a 3% H2SO4 slurry for 4 h. The accuracy in lignin content determination should be equal or superior for the threestage method, which takes approximately 2 h less time. Results are presented for 4 hardwoods from 3 different genera.
The Carbon Dioxide Removal Model Intercomparison Project (CDRMIP): rationale and experimental protocol for CMIP6

Abstract. The recent IPCC reports state that continued anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are changing the climate, threatening severe, pervasive and irreversible impacts. Slow progress in emissions reduction to mitigate climate change is resulting in increased attention to what is called geoengineering, climate engineering, or climate intervention – deliberate interventions to counter climate change that seek to either modify the Earth's radiation budget or remove greenhouse gases such as CO2 from the atmosphere. When focused on CO2, the latter of these categories is called carbon dioxide removal (CDR). Future emission scenarios that stay well below 2 °C, and all emission scenarios that do not exceed 1.5 °C warming by the year 2100, require some form of CDR. At present, there is little consensus on the climate impacts and atmospheric CO2 reduction efficacy of the different types of proposed CDR. To address this need, the Carbon Dioxide Removal Model Intercomparison Project (or CDRMIP) was initiated. This project brings together models of the Earth system in a common framework to explore the potential, impacts, and challenges of CDR. Here, we describe the first set of CDRMIP experiments, which are formally part of the 6th Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). These experiments are designed to address questions concerning CDR-induced climate reversibility , the response of the Earth system to direct atmospheric CO2 removal (direct air capture and storage), and the CDR potential and impacts of afforestation and reforestation, as well as ocean alkalinization. >
Graph-based hierarchical knowledge representation an application to rule-based modelling and bio-curation

The aim of this project was to develop a framework, both conceptual and software, which would allow coherent aggregation of fragmentary biological facts about individual protein-protein interactions. This framework at the same time tries to solve a bio-curation problem and enables the accommodated knowledge to be directly ‘executed’ with tools for rule-based modelling and simulations. Moreover, our goal was to build an expressive and mathematically robust general-purpose knowledge representation system that can be used for building graph-based models in any domain. As the result of our efforts, the Python library ReGraph was developed and was adopted as the main tool for building a knowledge representation system for the specific use case of modelling in cellular signalling. The second part of the project was dedicated to the development of a software platform KAMI: Knowledge Aggregator and Model Instantiator for semi-automatic aggregation and annotation of knowledge about individual protein-protein interactions from multiple sources. This platform also provides means for automatic instantiation of knowledge into concrete systems’ models and their export to a rule-based modelling language Kappa.
A survey and analysis of traditional medicinal plants as used by the Zulu; Xhosa and Sotho

A coded list of 794 traditional Zulu medicinal plants is presented with a key to the ailments concerned. Xhosa and Sotho usage of these plants is incorporated. Medicinal usage in the ptendophytes, gymnosperms. monocotyledons and dicotyledons is tabulated. Ailments are categorized and discussed with an analysis of the plant families involved in their treatment. Patterns of usage between related plants are observed and some potentially effective or dangerous characteristic family constituents are briefly outlined.
How Does Foreign Aid Affect the Relationship between IFRS Adoption and Foreign Direct Investment?

This paper constructs a theoretical model to explain the relationship between IFRS adoption, FDI and foreign aid. Using the SGMM estimation technique to check the issue of endogene-ity and reverse causality, this relationship was examined on 92 countries for the period 2003-2012. Overall, IFRS adoption attracts more aid when conditioned on foreign aid; however, when disaggregating foreign aid, the effect of foreign aid on the nexus was contradictory, while multilateral aid flow was positive. This result remained consistent despite the battery of checks.
Solubility Enhancement of poorly Water Soluble Drug by Spherical Crystallization Technique

The objective of present study was to enhance the solubility of poorly soluble drug Ibuprofen using spherical crystallization technique. The potential agglomerates were prepared by addition of different concentration of polymer selected on the basis of Phase solubility study. Spherical agglomerates were prepared using diethyl ether as bridging liquid by neutralizing technique, spherical agglomeration technique, Quasi emulsion solvent diffusion technique. Spherical agglomerates were evaluated for morphology, production yield, drug content, particle size and dissolution behaviour compared with pure drug. The result of phase solubility studies revealed that there is enhancement of solubility by PEG 4000. Rod shaped crystals of pure drug converted to spherical was confirmed by optical microscopy. The dissolution of agglomerates of optimum batch exhibited 88.24% release compare to 47.18% of pure drug within 60 minute. This study demonstrated that spherical crystallization technique can be considered as a suitable alteration of granulation. Ibuprofen spherical agglomerates can be prepared with PEG 4000. It exhibited excellent physicochemical, solubility, dissolution rate in comparison with pure drug. Among other spherical crystallization technique, QESD proved to be excellent technique for enhancement of solubility and dissolution.
Optimization of Thermoelectric Coolers for Hotspot Cooling in Three-Dimensional Stacked Chips

Three-dimensional (3D) chip stacking architecture is expected to reduce form factor, improve performance, and decrease power consumption in future microelectronics. High power density and nonuniform power distribution in stacked dies are expected to bring significant thermal challenges for 3D packages due to localized hot spots. Embedded thermoelectric coolers (TECs) have potential to provide reliable and localized cooling at these hot spots. In this work, peak package temperature or active cooling per power consumption of TECs are optimized, considering applied current and thickness of TECs as parameters, for a 3D electronic package with two stacked dies. Each die has two hot spots and one TEC is paired with each hot spot. Three different optimization methods are considered in order to ensure a robust solution. The optimization suggests that both the peak temperature in package and energy efficiency of the cooling system can be significantly improved through the optimization of TECs. TECs are also compared against a configuration where they are replaced by copper blocks or thermal vias. A total of 4.7 C of additional localized cooling is observed using TECs which is beyond what is achievable with copper vias in place of the TECs. The study also suggests that it is better to use TECs to cool only the hottest portions of the package to avoid introducing additional thermal resistance and Joule heating in the package. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4028254]
Body Image Disturbance and Dissatisfaction, Scorn and Stigma in Severely Obese Individuals, a Case-Control Study

Background: The obesity rate is rising. The aims of this study were to elucidate the connection among body image disturbance and dissatisfaction, scorn and stigma in severely obese individuals using a case-control method. Method: The study group consisted of 112 individuals receiving permanent disability pensions primarily for obesity. The controls were selected by random sampling. The controls were matched with the subjects by place of residence, gender, age, the time since the pension was granted and occupation. Psychiatric interviews and psychological assessments were conducted with all participants. The results were analyzed via chi-squared tests (χ2-tests) and percent distributions. The subject and control groups were compared via paired t-tests. Conditional logistic regression analysis was also conducted. Results: In the Draw a Person test, we found disorganization of the body image to some degree in the subject group. Some significant differences were found between the Machover index and the wholeness index. The Rorschach variables obtained some differences in the responses between the subject and control groups. Obesity was a problem in all age groups. In the study group, half of the participants thought that they were obese. Most of the participants had endured scorn and contempt directed at them due to being overweight. Conclusions: We believe that our study provides a novel and necessary overview of the connection among body image disturbance and dissatisfaction, scorn and stigma.
QoE Aware and Cell Capacity Enhanced Computation Offloading for Multi-Server Mobile Edge Computing Systems with Energy Harvesting Devices

The increasing complexity of intelligent services requires new paradigm to overcome the problems caused by resource-limited mobile devices. Mobile edge computing systemwith energy harvesting devices is such a promising technology. By offloading the computation tasks to the MEC servers, users could experience services with low latency. In addition, energy harvesting technology releases the tension between high energy consumption of intelligent services and capacity-constrained mobile device batteries. However, in multi-user and multi-server scenarios where mobile devices can move arbitrarily, computation offloading strategies are faced with new challenges because of resource competition and server selection. In this paper, we develop an intelligent computation offloadingstrategy. An online algorithm, which is based on Lyapunov Optimization-based Dynamic Computation Offloading algorithm, is proposed. By choosing the execution mode among local execution, offloading execution and task dropping for each mobile device, our algorithm can asymptotically obtain the optimal results for the whole system. The algorithm not only inherits every advantage from the LODCO Algorithm but also adaptsperfectly to themore complex environment.Simulation results illustrate that the algorithmcanimprove the ratio of offloading computation tasks by more than 10% while the QoE is guaranteed.