Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic variation and identification of single nucleotide polymorphism of insulin-like growth factor- 1 gene in Tilapia guineensis

Abstract. Ukenye E, Megbowon I, Oguntade O, Oketoki T, Amusa O, Usman A, Sokenu B, Adeleke R, Joseph B, Omatah C. 2020. Genetic variation and identification of single nucleotide polymorphism of insulin-like growth factor- 1 gene in Tilapia guineensis Biodiversitas 21: 5317-5321. Tilapia guineensis is an important cichlid species of West African coastal waters with good nutritional, economic, and aquaculture relevance. The knowledge of the genetic basis of variation in growth traits in Tilapia fish is of great importance to support genetic improvement in the context of aquaculture. In this study, regions of the Tilapia guineensis IGF-1 gene were sequenced, aligned and compared across populations to identify single nucleotide polymorphism and genetic diversity among four populations of T. guineensis in South-west Nigerian coastal waters. A total of thirty-four SNPs were identified across the studied populations and were detected in the forward reaction with twenty-two transversions and twelve transitions. Badagry population showed the highest genetic diversity with the highest molecular diversity indices; number of polymorphic sites, pairwise differences, number of segregating sites and nucleotide diversity while the least diverse population was Pepe. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that genetic variation was mostly within populations. This finding provides more information regarding variation in insulin growth factor I of T. guineensis and will encourage association study for production traits that will inform useful selection marker for breeding program.
Molecular dynamics simulation of bulk atactic polystyrene in the vicinity of Tg

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of bulk atactic polystyrene have been performed for chains up to 320 monomer units in a temperature range from 100 to 600 K and in a broad pressure range from 0.1 to 1000 MPa. The MD-determined specific volume vs temperature curves are in a good agreement with experimental PVT data at different values of applied pressure, but the measured glass-transition temperature, Tg, is displaced to somewhat higher temperature than the longer time experimental value. Local translational mobility has been investigated by measuring the mean-square translational displacements of monomers as a function of time. The long-time asymptotic slope of these dependencies is close to 0.6 at T > Tg, showing diffusive behavior. The cage effect, when local translational motions are essentially frozen in the glassy state, has been studied. The characteristic time of cage release does not depend on molecular weight, but the duration of the crossover to the diffusive regime increases almost linearly .
A High Voltage Gain Multiport Zeta-Zeta Converter for Renewable Energy Systems

In this paper, a zeta-zeta coupled non-isolated multiport converter is proposed and implemented. The new dc-dc multiport converter discussed here facilitates the access of two renewable energy sources in the input side and a single output. Zeta converter topology facilitates high voltage gain with a reduced output voltage ripple. Multiport converters have become very prominent in recent past due to the prevalent establishments of distributed energy resources. Therefore in research arena there is no literature evidence for Zeta –Zeta converters used in multiport converters. This research work emphasize on suggesting a Zeta-Zeta multiport converter with reduced number of switches. The proposed converter is simulated in MATLAB/ Simulink environment and is also realized as a hardware prototype. The voltage gain and efficiency of the proposed circuit is compared with its counterpart multiport topologies. The simulation and hardware results show that the proposed topology is having a clear edge on its counter parts in voltage gain and efficiency. The proposed converter indisputably assures the utmost use of renewable energy resources.
Estimating nitrate leaching and denitrification by simultaneous use of Br and 15N tracers

Losses of nitrogen (N) by leaching were estimated in three experiments using bromide (Br) as a tracer. An estimate of denitrification was also made, by difference, by combining the estimate of leaching with a measure of total loss of applied N using N-15. This was compared with a direct measure of denitrification made using acetylene inhibition. Bromide proved to be a poor tracer for nitrate (NO3) leaching at two of the three sites, Brimstone and Hoosfield. Performance was rather better at the Broad Mead site. Problems in using Br were associated with (a) difficulties in measuring small concentrations of Br close to background in soil, and (b) reactions involving N such as immobilisation and mineralisation that rapidly change NO3 pools but do not affect Br. Use of Br in held experiments is unlikely to provide reliable estimates of NO3 leaching over timescales of several weeks as used here unless much more frequent sampling is done. Simultaneous measurements of total losses of N using a N-15 tracer were combined with estimates of NO3 leaching using Br to calculate denitrification; these estimates were compared with measurements of denitrification using acetylene inhibition. Agreement was poor because of (i) the lack of reliability of the acetylene inhibition technique, and (ii) the very large errors associated with calculating denitrification as the difference between an estimate of NO3 leaching and total N losses.
Mixing at the extratropical tropopause as characterized by
collocated airborne H2O and O3 lidar observations

The composition of the extratropical transition layer (ExTL), which is the transition zone between the stratosphere and the troposphere in the midlatitudes, largely depends on dynamical processes fostering the exchange of air masses. The Wave-driven ISentropic Exchange (WISE) field campaign in 2017 aimed for a better characterization of the ExTL in relation to the dynamic situation. This study investigates the potential of the first-ever collocated airborne lidar observations of ozone (O3) and water vapor (H2O) across the tropopause to depict the complex trace gas distributions and mixing in the ExTL. A case study of a perpendicular jet stream crossing with a coinciding strongly sloping tropopause is presented that was observed during a research flight over the North Atlantic on 1 October 2017. The collocated and range-resolved lidar data that are applied to established tracer–tracer (T–T) space diagnostics prove to be suitable to identify the ExTL and to reveal distinct mixing regimes that enabled a subdivision of mixed and tropospheric air. A back projection of this information to geometrical space shows remarkably coherent structures of these air mass classes along the cross section. This represents the first almost complete observation-based twodimensional (2D) illustration of the shape and composition of the ExTL and a confirmation of established conceptual models. The trace gas distributions that represent typical H2O and O3 values for the season reveal tropospheric transport pathways from the tropics and extratropics that have influenced the ExTL. Although the combined view of T–T and geometrical space does not inform about the process, location and time of the mixing event, it gives insight into the formation and interpretation of mixing lines. A mixing factor diagnostic and a consideration of data subsets show that recent quasi-instantaneous isentropic mixing processes impacted the ExTL above and below the jet stream which is a confirmation of the well-established concept of turbulenceinduced mixing in strong wind shear regions. At the level of maximum winds reduced mixing is reflected in jumps in T–T space that occurred over small horizontal distances along the cross section. For a better understanding of the dynamical and chemical discontinuities at the tropopause, the lidar data are illustrated in isentropic coordinates. The strongest gradients of H2O and O3 are found to be better represented by a potential vorticity-gradient-based tropopause compared to traditional dynamical tropopause definitions using constant potential vorticity values. The presented 2D lidar data are considered to be of relevance for the investigation of further meteorological situations leading to mixing across the tropopause and for future validation of chemistry and numerical weather prediction models.
An open‐circuit fault diagnosis method for a submodule in a high‐frequency‐link modular multilevel DC transformer

A high-frequency-link modular multilevel DC/DC transformer (H-M2DCT) is used to interconnect DC bus bars of different voltage levels, and its safe and stable operation helps ensure the reliability of the entire DC grid. However, there is little research on the open-circuit failures of H-M2DCT submodules. Based on an electrical characteristics analysis of the open-circuit fault of the H-M2DCT submodule, this paper proposes a submodule open-circuit fault detection method based on wavelet analysis. By performing wavelet analysis on each arm current, the coefﬁcient is used as a criterion to detect whether a submodule open-circuit fault has occurred on the arm; in terms of fault location, an over-voltage protection method based on the submodule capacitor voltage is adopted. The proposed method requires neither the establishment of a complicated mathematical model nor the installation of additional sensors; thus, rapid detection and localisation of the fault submodule are achieved while reducing computational demand. In addition, the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method can be veriﬁed on the MATLAB/Simulink simulation platform.
Influencing Factors to the Family Welfare in Mulyasejati Village Torwards Citarum Harum

Family welfare is largely influenced by internal, external and family management factors. Internal family factors that affect welfare include: income, education, employment, number of family members, age, asset ownership and savings; while external factors that affect prosperity are easy financial access to financial institutions, access to government assistance, easy access to goods / equipment credit and location of residence. Meanwhile, elements. This study aims to get the demography profile of social, economy the villagers in Mulyasejati. examine the factors that influence family welfare in the village of Mulyasejati. This research uses a quantitative approach with cross-sectional design by questionnaire taken from 90 family heads. Data analysis uses multiple regression. The results showed the relationship of internal factors on family welfare obtained R =. 487 with a significance level =. 000 <0.05 then there is a relationship of internal factors on family welfare, the relationship of external factors on family welfare obtained a value of R =. 528 with a significance level =. 027 <0.05, then there is a relationship between external factors on family well-being, management factors on family well-being obtained R =. 559 with a significance level =. 043 <0.05, then there is a relationship between management factors on family welfare. Factors affecting family welfare are internal factors 23.7%, external factors 4.2%, and family management 3.4%.
Photoconductivity of Ultrathin Zinc Oxide Films

Electrical and photoelectrical properties of nondoped and doped zinc oxide films coated on glass plates by the dip-coating method are investigated at room temperature in various ambient atmospheres. The dark conductivity of the nondoped films exponentially decreased with decreasing film thickness while the conductivity under illumination of 350 nm light was almost constant at 100 S·cm-1 irrespective of the film thickness. Consequently thinner films showed larger photoresponse than thicker films. This thickness dependence is explained by the variation of ZnO particle size with the film thickness (fine particle model) and the additional effect of the Schottky barrier generated between the film and gold electrodes.
Mass Spectrometry, Review of the Basics: Ionization

Abstract: Mass spectrometry (MS) has become an integral tool in life sciences. The first step in MS analysis is ion formation (ionization). Many ionization methods currently exist; electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) are the most commonly used. ESI relies on the formation of charged droplets releasing ions from the surface (ion evaporation model) or via complete solvent evaporation (charge residual model). MALDI ionization, however, is facilitated via laser energy and the use of a matrix. Despite wide use, ESI cannot efficiently ionize nonpolar compounds. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and atmospheric pressure photo ionization (APPI) are better suited for such tasks. APPI requires photon energy and a dopant, whereas APCI is similar to chemical ionization. In 2004, ambient MS was introduced in which ionization occurs at the sample in its native form. Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) and direct analysis in real time (DART) are the most widely used methods. In this mini-review, we provide an overview of the main ionization methods and the mechanisms of ion formation. This article is educational and intended for students/researchers who are not very familiar with MS and would like to learn the basics; it is not for MS experts.
Plumage manipulation alters associations between behaviour, physiology, the internal microbiome and fitness

Signals often covary with physiological and behavioural traits to form an axis of integrated phenotypic variation associated with reproductive performance. This pattern of phenotypic integration could result from intrinsic between-individual differences that are causally related to signal production, physiology and behaviour. Alternatively, signal expression itself might generate feedback between physiology, behaviour and the experienced social environment, resulting in an integrated phenotype. We manipu- lated the plumage of female tree swallows, Tachycineta bicolor , to decouple the expression of a social signal from any pre-existing behavioural or physiological differences. We collected a time series of physiological samples, monitored nestbox visiting patterns with a sensor network and tracked reproductive performance. Relative to sham controls, dulled females' nests were visited more by conspeci ﬁ c females and less by males. Dulled females subsequently made fewer trips to other nestboxes and increased nestling provisioning. However, these changes in nestbox visiting patterns depended on both the focal female's pretreatment plumage and on the breeding stage. These differences resulted in an altered internal microbiome and glucose levels and, ultimately, dulled females produced more offspring. Moreover, dulled females produced larger clutches than control females in the year after the manipulation. Thus, signal variation alone e independent from any pre-existing differences e had a sustained causal effect on a suite of integrated traits. This ﬁ nding suggests that dynamic feedback may play a role in coordinating an integrated signalling phenotype.
Chinese SLE Treatment and Research Group (CSTAR) Registry: prevalence and risk factors for chronic scarring alopecia in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Background: Scarring alopecia in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients caused reduced life quality and prolonged disease course. This case control study aims to survey the prevalence of scarring alopecia during the disease course of SLE and evaluate the risk factors for scarring alopecia in Chinese SLE patients. Methods: SLE patients in Chinese SLE treatment and Research group (CSTAR) were recruited. Scarring alopecia was de�ned according to SLICC/ACR-DI which was collected during follow-up visits or via self-reported questionnaires. We collected demographic characteristics, common comorbidities, autoantibody pro�les, disease activity status, major organ involvements and treatment strategies of these patients at registry. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the risk factors for scarring alopecia. Results: We recruited 4792 SLE patients, and 374 (7.80%) patients had scarring alopecia. Mucocutaneous lesions (OR 2.062, p<0.001), high SLICC/ACR-DI (OR 1.409, p<0.001) and positive anti-Sm (OR 1.374, p=0.029) were risk factors for scarring alopecia, while renal (OR 0.714, p=0.028) and cardio-respiratory involvements (OR 0.347, p=0.044), and immunosuppressants treatment (OR 0.675, p<0.001) were signi�cantly negative associated with it. Conclusions: The prevalence of scarring alopecia in SLE patients is 7.80%. Active treatment strategies should be adopted to prevent scarring alopecia occurring.
Synthesis, characterization, and biodegradability of fatty‐acid esters of amylose and starch

A series of starch and amylose esters with different degrees of substitution and side-chain length were prepared and studied. The esters were prepared by acyla- tion of the polysaccharide with the appropriate acid chlorides, such as octanoic, dode- canoic, and octadecanoic. The degrees of substitution were 0.54, 1.8, and 2.7. After preparation, the resulting esters were characterized by elemental analysis, 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), differential scan- ning (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle, and water uptake mea- surements. Their mechanical properties and, in particular, the tensile strength and elongation at break depend on the side-chain length and on the degree of substitution. The extent of their biodegradability, after exposure to activated sludge, was assessed by weight loss measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that these new materials are biodegradable, and the biodegradation rate decreases with increasing degree of esterification. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 1440 -1451, 1999
Surface defects and Fermi‐level pinning in InP

Deep levels for native substitutional defects at the (110) surface of InP are predicted, and the Schottky barrier height data are interpreted as follows: (i) The pinning levels 0.4 to 0.5 eV below the conduction band edge for n‐InP and 0.75 to 0.8 eV above the valence band edge for p‐InP are assigned to an antisite defect. (ii) The pinning level that lies within 0.1 eV of the conduction band edge is assigned to a shallow donor level of a P vacancy.
Artificial-Intelligence-Driven Customized Manufacturing Factory: Key Technologies, Applications, and Challenges

The traditional production paradigm of large batch production does not offer flexibility toward satisfying the requirements of individual customers. A new generation of smart factories is expected to support new multivariety and small-batch customized production modes. For this, artificial intelligence (AI) is enabling higher value-added manufacturing by accelerating the integration of manufacturing and information communication technologies, including computing, communication, and control. The characteristics of a customized smart factory are: self-perception, operations optimization, dynamic reconfiguration, and intelligent decision-making. The AI technologies will allow manufacturing systems to perceive the environment, adapt to the external needs, and extract the process knowledge, including business models, such as intelligent production, networked collaboration, and extended service models. This article focuses on the implementation of AI in customized manufacturing (CM). The architecture of an AI-driven customized smart factory is presented. Details of intelligent manufacturing devices, intelligent information interaction, and construction of a flexible manufacturing line are showcased. The state-of-the-art AI technologies of potential use in CM, that is, machine learning, multiagent systems, Internet of Things, big data, and cloud-edge computing, are surveyed. The AI-enabled technologies in a customized smart factory are validated with a case study of customized packaging. The experimental results have demonstrated that the AI-assisted CM offers the possibility of higher production flexibility and efficiency. Challenges and solutions related to AI in CM are also discussed.
Impacts of California’s climate-relevant land use policy scenarios on terrestrial carbon emissions (CO2 and CH4) and wildfire risk

Land-use and -cover change (LUCC) is globally important to climate change mitigation. However, using land-based strategies to support aggressive subnational greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets is challenging due to competing land use priorities and uncertainty in ecosystem carbon dynamics and climate change effects. We used the California natural and working lands carbon and greenhouse gas model to quantify the direct ecosystem carbon emissions (CO2 and CH4) impacts, trade-offs, and climate change interactions of two policy scenarios identified by the State of California for fulfilling multiple land use goals, including the competing goals of mitigating wildfire severity and landscape carbon emissions, among others. Here we show that emissions from desired forest management to reduce the amount of combustible biomass (fuel reduction) initially outweighed emissions reductions from other strategies (e.g. less intensive forest management, restoration, land conservation); however, avoided emissions and enhanced carbon sequestration from the other strategies gradually outweighed fuel reduction emissions. Thus, in jurisdictions with large-scale wildfire mitigation goals, practices that reduce emissions and/or increase carbon sequestration can simultaneously offset fuel reduction emissions. Our analysis highlights the complexities inherent in LUCC planning, underscoring the need for governments to begin the task now.
The Production, Optimization, and Characterization of Biodiesel from a Novel Source: Sinapis alba L

In this study, biodiesel is prepared from Sinapis alba L. oil commonly known as white mustard through transesterification of the crude oil with methanol in the presence of NaOH as catalyst. Optimum conditions for the reaction were established to achieve maximum biodiesel yield of 92% at 6:1 molar ratio (methanol to oil), by using 0.5 g of NaOH, reaction temperature 65°C, and reaction time 75 minutes. Sinapis alba oil biodiesel (SAOB) was testified by using various fuel properties such as kinematic viscosity at 40°C (5.45 cSt), density at 15°C (0.8721 kg/L), acid number (0.242 mg KOH/gm), flash point (90°C), cloud point (−10°C), pour point (−13°C), and sulfur contents (0.00432%). Based on these findings, it is stated that SAOB can be used as alternative fuel in diesel engines.
Nuevas perspectivas metodológicas en validación de acelerómetros para estimar la Actividad Física de adultos en actividades cuotidianas (New methodological approach in accelerometer validation to estimate Physical Activity of adults in daily activities)

Currently the accelerometer is the most practical and reliable tool for quantifying physical activity. The problem is that the estimation models obtained so far have not taken into account the inclusion of the transition minutes between the activities, the gap between the accelerations and the METs, and the variables of the time domain, the frequency domain and the temporal structure of the signal. The objective of this descriptive cross-sectional study was to test these factors for obtaining an estimation model. To this end, 30 subjects with 55,5 (9,42) years, 73,03 (11,84) kg and 1,70 (0,08) m were recruited. These performed a series of daily activities equipped with an Actigraph GT3X accelerometer and a gas analyser. By analysing these factors, a more reliable multiple linear model than the linear models previously obtained for the Actigraph GT3X accelerometer was obtained. These results showed the need to include the minutes of transition between activities and the variables of temporal domain, frequency domain and those that inform the temporal structure of the signal, in the multiple linear models. Instead, the mismatch between accelerations and METs decreased the accuracy of the models.