Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sustainable, Smart and Muslim-Friendly Tourist Destinations

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools are perfect for developing tourism. Several countries are making an effort to become smart and sustainable tourist destinations, making it easier for tourists to interact with their environment while at the same time improving the quality of life for local people. There are many studies of this process and the benefits it brings, although most of them approach the subject from a western traveler’s point of view. This article aims to study the benefits of being a smart and Muslim-friendly tourist destination. An exploratory study was therefore carried out, including a bibliographical review of over one hundred secondary sources. We analyze the Muslim-friendly online services provided by nine destinations, and one of our principal conclusions is that these online services are of the greatest importance for a destination to be truly Muslim-friendly. We also conclude that such services allow companies to design tailored proposals and promote them through digital channels aimed at Muslim people.
On the dynamics of air bubbles in Rayleigh–Bénard convection

The dynamics of air bubbles in turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard (RB) convection is described for the first time using laboratory experiments and complementary numerical simulations. We performed experiments at $Ra=5.5\times 10^{9}$ and $1.1\times 10^{10}$, where streams of 1 mm bubbles were released at various locations from the bottom of the tank along the path of the roll structure. Using three-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry, we simultaneously tracked a large number of bubbles to inspect the pair dispersion, $R^{2}(t)$, for a range of initial separations, $r$, spanning one order of magnitude, namely $25\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}\leqslant r\leqslant 225\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}$; here $\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}$ is the local Kolmogorov length scale. Pair dispersion, $R^{2}(t)$, of the bubbles within a quiescent medium was also determined to assess the effect of inhomogeneity and anisotropy induced by the RB convection. Results show that $R^{2}(t)$ underwent a transition phase similar to the ballistic-to-diffusive ($t^{2}$-to-$t^{1}$) regime in the vicinity of the cell centre; it approached a bulk behavior $t^{3/2}$ in the diffusive regime as the distance away from the cell centre increased. At small $r$, $R^{2}(t)\propto t^{1}$ is shown in the diffusive regime with a lower magnitude compared to the quiescent case, indicating that the convective turbulence reduced the amplitude of the bubble’s fluctuations. This phenomenon associated to the bubble path instability was further explored by the autocorrelation of the bubble’s horizontal velocity. At large initial separations, $R^{2}(t)\propto t^{2}$ was observed, showing the effect of the roll structure.
The Structure of Fitness Landscapes in Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria : : Molecular Origins and Evolutionary Consequences

Antibiotic use is so ingrained in modern healthcare and agriculture that it can be difficult to imagine life in the pre-antibiotic era of the twentieth century. Many privileges we currently take for granted as rights, e.g., modern surgery, would not be possible without these drugs. But the rapid rise of antibiotic resistance may soon thrust the world back into this era. In order to predict (and ultimately prevent) the emergence of antibiotic resistance, it is crucial to establish quantitative, predictive links between the fitness of drug resistant organisms and the molecular mechanisms conferring resistance. Although the resistance mechanisms are often well characterized in vitro, their contributions to microbial fitness may depend critically on the environment and on the internal state of bacteria, which are often unknown in quantitative terms. To bridge this gap I investigate E. coli strains constitutively expressing resistance to translation-inhibiting antibiotics. The results show that in the presence of drugs, genes providing drug resistance are subject to an innate, positive feedback due to the global effect of drug- inhibited growth on gene expression. This feedback results in complex behaviors for isogenic populations of cells, including an abrupt drop in the growth rate of cultures at a threshold drug concentration. At drug concentrations below this threshold, cells exhibit growth bistability-- the coexistence of large populations of non-growing cells among otherwise identical, but growing, cells. This work demonstrates for the first time that many bacteria remain susceptible to an antibiotic even as they carry resistance to it. These behaviors do not appear in strains that lack drug resistance, and a quantitative characterization of drug-drug resistance interactions reveals a whole that is surprisingly richer than its parts. A mathematical model of bacterial growth based on the innate feedback predicts the onset of bistability and the growth rates of growing sub-populations, without invoking any ad hoc fitting parameters. Furthermore, the model describes a fitness landscape for bacterial drug resistance in different environments, allowing me to characterize the factors that determine the evolvability of resistance. The approach I use can be generalized to study resistance against other classes of antibiotics, besides the translation inhibitors studied here
Financial Reporting for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMES) In Nigeria: A Review of Literature

This paper reviews literature of financial reporting by small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) with particular reference to Nigeria. The study justifies the use of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) by Nigerian enterprises. Thereafter, the paper recognises the economic importance of SMEs both globally and in Nigeria. Justification for differential reporting between listed entities and unlisted SMEs was articulated. The paper notes the advantages and challenges related to adopting IFRS for SMEs globally and in Nigeria. It is recommended that further research be undertaken to access empirically the impact and consequences of adopting IFRS for SMEs by unlisted enterprises in Nigeria
The hippos : natural history and conservation

1. Introduction 1 2. Anatony and Physiology 8 3. The Origins of Hippos 39 4. The Social Life of Hippos 47 5. Reproduction in Hippos 58 6. Diet and Feeding Habits of Hippos 74 7. The Ecology of Hippos 86 8. Diseases, Parasites and Commensals of Hippos 110 9. Hippos and Man 120 10. The Distribution and Numbers of Hippopotamus amphibius in East Africa 162 12. The Distribution and Numbers of Hippopotamus amphibius in Southern Africa 162 References 173 Index 179 The plate section can be found betwen pages 88 and 89.
COORDINATED CAROTENOID AND LIPID SYNTHESES INDUCED IN PARIETOCHLORIS INCISA (CHLOROPHYTA, TREBOUXIOPHYCEAE) MUTANT DEFICIENT IN Δ5 DESATURASE BY NITROGEN STARVATION AND HIGH LIGHT 1

The responses to PAR intensity and nitrogen deficiency have been investigated in the Δ5‐desaturase‐deficient mutant (P127) of the microalga Parietochloris incisa (Reisigl) Shin Watan. (Chlorophyta, Trebouxiophyceae). The mutant accumulates dihomo‐γ‐linolenic acid (DGLA, C20:3 ω6) instead of arachidonic acid (C20:4 ω6) characteristic of the wildtype. The growth, fatty acid and pigment composition, and light absorption by P127 cell suspensions were studied for the first time during cultivation on complete and N‐free BG‐11 medium at 35, 130, and 270 μE · m−2 · s−1. On complete medium under high irradiance, an increase in biomass was observed, and total fatty acid (TFA) and DGLA contents were higher than in N‐starving cultures. A distinct irradiance‐dependent rise in carotenoid‐to‐chl ratio was recorded in P127 due to an increase in carotenoids (on complete medium) or by a decline in chl (on N‐free medium). Cultivation under high and medium irradiances caused a decline in light‐harvesting xanthophylls and an increase in β‐carotene, localized predominantly in cytoplasmic oil bodies (OB). The P127 mutant, similar to wildtype, responded to the stresses by coordinated induction of fatty acid and carotenoid syntheses, but displayed the same magnitude of the response as was observed in wildtype under 30% lower irradiance. The changes in optical properties of the P127 cultures tightly correlated with their pigment composition, and hence with fatty acid content, making it possible to develop a nondestructive technique for the assay of TFA and DGLA. The peculiarities of the stress responses in the wildtype and the mutant are discussed.
Mental Health–Related Behaviors and Discussions Among Young Adults: Analysis and Classification

Background There have been recurring reports of web-based harassment and abuse among adolescents and young adults through anonymous social networks. Objective This study aimed to explore discussions on the popular anonymous social network Yik Yak related to social and mental health messaging behaviors among college students, including cyberbullying, to provide insights into mental health behaviors on college campuses. Methods From April 6, 2016, to May 7, 2016, we collected anonymous conversations posted on Yik Yak at 19 universities in 4 different states and performed statistical analyses and text classification experiments on a subset of these messages. Results We found that prosocial messages were 5.23 times more prevalent than bullying messages. The frequency of cyberbullying messages was positively associated with messages seeking emotional help. We found significant geographic variation in the frequency of messages offering supportive vs bullying messages. Across campuses, bullying and political discussions were positively associated. We also achieved a balanced accuracy of over 0.75 for most messaging behaviors and topics with a support vector machine classifier. Conclusions Our results show that messages containing data about students’ mental health–related attitudes and behaviors are prevalent on anonymous social networks, suggesting that these data can be mined for real-time analysis. This information can be used in education and health care services to better engage with students, provide insight into conversations that lead to cyberbullying, and reach out to students who need support.
Transformation of the Organic Food Market in Poland Using Concentration and Dispersion

Purpose: This paper aims to isolate transformations that have been taking place on the Polish organic food market through the lens of cluster development with the intention to indicate the dynamics of organic food clusters – their concentration and dispersion. Design/Methodology/Approach: The employed methodology is centred around location quotient as a measure of concentration which allows to pinpoint clusters. The narrative in the paper follows the development of structures as the Polish organic food market undergoes various transitions. Findings: Organic farmland and organic operators in Poland are not evenly distributed regionally. The conducted study allowed the identification of development patterns of their regional concentration at NUTS-2 level. Throughout the analysed period certain regions have become specialised in organic farming and organic food processing. Practical Implications: As organic producers and organic food processors undergo a process of geographic concentration and are located in proximity with each other the clusters that are formed should translate into an increase of the competitive advantage of the supply-side of the Polish organic food market. Given the necessity to compete not only among each other but with conventional farmers and food processors as well as distributors, organic producers and organic food processors should make use of the proximity advantage and cooperate with the aim of strengthening their position on the market. Originality/Value: The authors undertook a study that goes beyond static analysis of the organic food market in Poland.
Remineralization of enamel caries by an amelogenin-derived peptide and fluoride in vitro

Abstract Dental caries is one of the most common oral diseases in the world. This study was tantamount to investigate the combinatory effects of an amelogenin-derived peptide (called QP5) and fluoride on the remineralization of artificial enamel caries. The peptide QP5 was synthesized and characterized, and the binding capability of the peptide on hydroxyapatite (HA) and demineralized tooth enamel surface was analysed. Then, the mineralization function of the peptide and fluoride was studied through the spontaneous mineralization testing and remineralization on enamel caries in vitro. First, the novel peptide QP5 could bind on the hydroxyapatite and demineralized tooth enamel surfaces. Second, QP5 can transitorily stabilize the formation of amorphous calcium phosphate and direct the transformation into hydroxyapatite crystals alone and in combination with fluoride. In addition, compared to blocks treated by peptide QP5 alone or fluoride, the sample blocks showed significantly higher surface microhardness, lower mineral loss and shallower lesion depth after treatment with a combination of QP5 and fluoride at high or low concentrations. The peptide QP5 could control the crystallization of hydroxyapatite, and combinatory application of peptide QP5 and fluoride had a potential synergistic effect on the remineralization of enamel caries.
Power System Nonlinear Modal Analysis Using Computationally Reduced Normal Form Method

Increasing nonlinearity in today’s grid challenges the conventional small-signal (modal) analysis (SSA) tools. For instance, the interactions among modes, which are not captured by SSA, may play significant roles in a stressed power system. Consequently, alternative nonlinear modal analysis tools, notably Normal Form (NF) and Modal Series (MS) methods are being explored. However, they are computation-intensive due to numerous polynomial coefficients required. This paper proposes a fast NF technique for power system modal interaction investigation, which uses characteristics of system modes to carefully select relevant terms to be considered in the analysis. The Coefficients related to these terms are selectively computed and the resulting approximate model is computationally reduced compared to the one in which all the coefficients are computed. This leads to a very rapid nonlinear modal analysis of the power systems. The reduced model is used to study interactions of modes in a two-area power system where the tested scenarios give same results as the full model, with about 70% reduction in computation time.
The Evolution of Complexity by Means of Natural Selection

John Tyler Bonner makes a new attack on an old problem: the question of how progressive increase in the size and complexity of animals and plants has occurred. "How is it," he inquires, "that an egg turns into an elaborate adult? How is it that a bacterium, given many millions of years, could have evolved into an elephant? " The author argues that we can understand this progression in terms of natural selection, but that in order to do so we must consider the role of development--or more precisely the role of life cycles--in evolutionary change. In a lively writing style that will be familiar to readers of his work The Evolution of Culture in Animals (Princeton, 1980), Bonner addresses a general audience interested in biology, as well as specialists in all areas of evolutionary biology. What is novel in the approach used here is the comparison of complexity inside the organism (especially cell differentiation) with the complexity outside (that is, within an ecological community). Matters of size at both these levels are closely related to complexity. The book shows how an understanding of the grand course of evolution can come from combining our knowledge of genetics, development, ecology, and even behavior.
Relationship between egg weight, hatch weight and subsequent body weight in Fulani ecotype chicken

Three hundred (300) Fulani Ecotype (FE) chicken eggs collected from free ranged Fulani Ecotype chicken were used to study the effect of egg weight on hatch weight and subsequent body weight. Eggs were grouped into two according to their weight (small and medium) and incubated. Body weight of the chicks was measured from the day of hatch to 12 weeks of age on weekly basis. Mean of the body weight gain from day old to 12 weeks of age in FE chicks obtained from small and medium egg size in this study were 306.73g and 311.36g, respectively. There was no significant correlations between egg weight, hatch weight and subsequent body weight in FE chicks obtained from small egg size, while a significantly (P<0.01) high and positively correlated relationship existed between hatch weight and egg weight of chicks obtained from medium egg size. Positive and significant inter-correlation (0.51 to 0.98) existed between body weight of FE chicks obtained from small and medium egg size. Linear regression equations showed a significant coefficient of determination for hatch weight, body weight at 2, 4, and 6 weeks using both small and medium egg weight values. The results of this findings indicated that both small and medium Fulani Ecotype eggs are settable. However, medium eggs produce larger chicks than the small eggs.
Femtosecond laser written long period grating in a multimode CYTOP polymer fibre

We report on the inscription of a long period grating (LPG) in a multimode cyclic transparent optical polymer (CYTOP) fibre using the plane-by-plane femtosecond laser inscription method. The LPG was inscribed in the centre of the fibre core and tailored for operation at C-band wavelength range. The CYTOP-LPG sensitivity was characterised in transmission for relative humidity and temperature. The humidity measurements performed are the first for a POF-LPG, whereas the temperature sensitivity is significantly higher than reported in other works. In addition, dynamic mechanical measurements were performed comparing the mechanical characteristics of the laser exposed sections of the polymer fibre, where the LPG was inscribed, with the unexposed regions.
OCORRÊNCIA DE ANTICORPOS ANTI-Neospora caninum EM CÃES NOMUNICÍPIO DE CUIABÁ, MATO GROSSO

The aim of the study was to determine the presence and mixed) and the fact of having or not access to the of antibodies anti-Neospora caninum by the Indirect streets. Antibodies were observed in 27 (45%) dogs with Fluorescent Antibody Test (≥ 50) in serum samples from titers ranging from 50 to 1600. No association was found 60 dogs from the municipality of Cuiaba, Mato Grosso between the occurrence of antibodies anti- N. caninum State and to determine the associations between the and the sex, age and diet (P >0.05). However access to frequency of positive dogs and the sex, age ( 4 years), diet (commercial, home made caninum antibodies (P <0.001). KEY WORDS: Cuiaba, dogs, indirect fluorescent antibody test, Neospora caninum .
Association between fear of missing out in social media and problematic internet use in university students

Correspondence: Hatice Aygar, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Meselik Campus, Eskisehir Turkey Phone: +90 222 239 29 79/4517 E-mail: haticeaygar1990@gmail.com Received: July 02, 2019; Revised: August 20, 2019; Accepted: October 16, 2019 ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the association between the fear of missing out (FoMO) in social media and problematic Internet use in university students and to evaluate the related sociodemographic characteristics. Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted with university students at Eskisehir Osmangazi University in 2016. In this study, 463 students were reached by multistage sampling. Problematic Internet use was measured by the Problematic Internet Usage Scale (PIUS) and FoMO in social media was measured by the Fear of Missing Out Scale (FoMOs). Mann Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test (Bonferroni correction), Spearman correlation analysis, multiple linear regression, and multiple logistic regression analyses were used. Results: The students’ mean age (SD) was 21.0 (1.7) years, 54.9% (254) were male, and 91.4% of the students had Internet access at their accommodation; 74.5% were using the Internet for social sharing. The mean scores (SD) for PIUS and FoMOs were 65.19 (22.34) and 22.37 (7.41), respectively. Male students and students using the Internet for social sharing and reporting spending more than four hours per day on the Internet and the smartphone took higher mean scores from PIUS and FoMOs. Gender, Internet use for social sharing, and daily duration of smartphone use were found to be variables affecting the FoMOs score. After adjusting for affective factors, a positive relation was found between the FoMO and problematic Internet use. Conclusion: In the study, the use of Internet for social sharing, time per day spent with the smartphone, and problematic Internet use were found to be factors affecting the FoMO. Increasing problematic Internet use and FoMO in university students are significant forms of addiction requiring preventive measures.
Analyzing multi-year rice-fallow dynamics in Odisha using multi-temporal Landsat-8 OLI and Sentinel-1 Data

ABSTRACT Sustainable intensification of existing cropland is one of the most viable options for meeting the escalating food demands of the ever-increasing population in the world. Accurate geospatial data about the potential single-crop (rice-fallows) areas is vital for policymakers to target the agro-technologies for enhancing crop productivity and intensification. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate and understand the dynamics of rice-fallows in the Odisha state of India, using SAR (Sentinel-1) and Optical (Landsat OLI) datasets. This study utilized a decision-tree approach and Principal component analysis (PCA) for the segmentation and separation of different vegetation classes. The estimated overall accuracy of extracted rice-fallow maps was in the range of 84 to 85 percent. The study identified about 2.2, 2.0 and 2.1mha of Rice-Fallows in the years 2015–16, 2016–17, and 2017–18, respectively. The combined analysis (all three years) of rice-fallow maps identified about 1.34mha of permanent rice-fallows, whereas the remaining 0.6–0.8mha area was under the current-fallow category. About 50% of the total permanent rice-fallows were detected in the rainfed areas of Mayurbhanj, Bhadrak, Bolangir, Sundargarh, Keonjhar, Baleswar, Nawarangpur and Bargarh districts. The study also illustrated the time-series profiles of SMAP (soil moisture) datasets for the ten agroclimatic zones of the Odisha, which can be utilized (along with rice-fallow maps) for the selection of crop and cultivars (e.g. short or medium duration pulses or oilseeds) to target the rice fallows. The approach utilized in the current study can be scaled up in similar areas of South and South-east Asia and Africa to identify single-crop areas for targeting improved technologies for enhanced crop productivity and intensification.
Fire-Related Traits in Mediterranean Basin Plants

Fire is a frequent and severe disturbance that affects plants on large scales, especially in Mediterranean-type ecosystems (MTE). Plants have evolved traits that confer resilience to fire and other disturbances, ensuring their persistence in fire-prone systems, but MTE floras differ in fire-related traits and their frequencies. Using available literature, we compare fire-related plant traits and syndromes of the flora of the Mediterranean Basin with those of other MTEs, discuss the differences and their possible causes, and point to knowledge gaps. Plants with lignotubers are relatively rare in the Mediterranean, as is serotiny. Many Mediterranean species have physically dormant seeds that are cued to germinate after fire by heat shock, while the effect of smoke on seed germination in the Mediterranean flora is less common than in other MTEs. The geophytes in the MB that flower massively afterfire flowering are opportunistic and not obligate fire-stimulated flowering species. Based on this literature surv.