Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Verifikation von Spezifikationsmodellen mit Intervall-Petri-Netzen

Zusammenfassung: Der Entwurf von komplexen eingebetteten Systemen ist durch die Grose und die Vielzahl der unter Echtzeit arbeitenden Komponenten haufig eine grose Herausforderung. Dabei spielt die Einhaltung zeitlicher Eigenschaften eine wichtige Rolle. Im Folgenden wird die formale Verifikation von eingebetteten Systemen mit Zeitintervall-PetriNetzen diskutiert. Message Sequence Charts des zu verifizierenden eingebetteten Systems werden mit Hilfe des Entwurfswerkzeugs „VisualObjectNet++“ in Intervall-Petri-Netze umgewandelt und anschliesend analysiert.
Tunable quality factor through 1:1 modal coupling in a disk resonator

We have investigated the impact on the dynamics of MEMS resonators arising from coupling between independent modes. If the coupled mode has a higher Q or a lower Q than the driven mode, we find that the effective Q of the driven mode can be tuned over a wide range, which has important implications for inertial sensors and oscillators. In this paper, we report on two cases - one where the coupled mode has a high Q and one where the coupled mode has a low Q, and we demonstrate the ability to tune the effective Q of the drive mode. We use frequency sweep and ring-down methods to characterize these systems, and identify important distinguishing capabilities of these approaches.
Adaptive control of the ODE systems with uncertain diffusion-dominated actuator dynamics

This article is concerned with the adaptive stabilising control design for the ordinary differential equation systems with uncertain diffusion-dominated actuator dynamics. This problem is highly difficult to solve and worthy of investigation, mainly due to the unknown diffusion coefficient which does not belong to any known finite interval and essentially different from the existing literature. By introducing an infinite-dimensional backstepping transformation, the pivotal target system is thus obtained, which makes the control design and stability analysis become more convenient. Then, based on the idea of certainty equivalence principle and recently developed adaptive technique, an adaptive stabilising controller is successfully constructed, which guarantees that all the closed-loop system states are bounded while the original system states converge to zero. A simulation example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Measuring arterial function in diabetes.

The prevalence of diabetes is increasing and the vascular complications of metabolic diseases, particularly diabetes, are arguably the greatest worldwide threat to longevity and disability-free living in the medium-term future. Diabetic vascular disease has unique characteristics, including a propensity to affect large and small calibre arteries. Both have major clinical sequelae. The former predisposes to atherosclerosis and major cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction and stroke. The microvascular effects are equally serious and include blindness due to diabetic retinopathy and renal failure. Thus, if any disease deserves a detailed analysis of effects at every level of the arterial tree, it is diabetes.
Image and Processing Models for Satellite Detection in Images Acquired by Space-based Surveillance-of-Space Sensors

Abstract : In the context of the surveillance of space, known resident space objects (RSO), i.e. active satellites and space debris, need to be acquired periodically to ensure that the knowledge of their orbital parameters is up-to-date. The most sensitive observation method consists of acquiring an image sequence while the target is actively tracked by the optical system such the RSO appears stationary in the image sequence. This generates an incredible amount of data which requires efficient detection algorithms and automated processing software. In this context, this document presents models for image formation, acquisition, and processing. From the observation request to the production of the images, the stream of events is briefly modeled. This ensures that a-priori knowledge and strategy will be applied to efficiently process the acquired data. These models produce a series of algorithms used to separate the image components and detect the RSO. This document presents algorithm diagrams that can be used to develop the processing software.
Cryptoanalysis and improvement of smart prepayment meter protocol in standard Q/GDW 365

IC card prepayment meter has gradually replaced the traditional electricity meter which is operated and controlled by human resources, due to its convenience, efficiency and security. The electricity of user is automatically controlled by the interactions between the meter and user card. In 2009, State Grid Corporation of China worked out the series of standards for smart electricity meters. Q/GDW 365 is one of these standards which explain the security techniques of information interchanges authentication specification for smart electricity meters. The standard describes the processes of user establishing an account, recharging and using the electricity, user closing an account. We analyse the security of this standard and find that the standard suffers from theft of electricity as the user card may be analysed by side-channel attacks. We give out an improved protocol to this problem, and extensive analysis shows that our protocol can resist the side-channel attacks.
Information-processing under incremental levels of physical loads: comparing racquet to combat sports.

AIM Skillful performance in combat and racquet sports consists of proficient technique accompanied with efficient information-processing while engaged in moderate to high physical effort. This study examined information processing and decision-making using simple reaction time (SRT) and choice reaction time (CRT) paradigms in athletes of combat sports and racquet ball games while undergoing incrementally increasing physical effort ranging from low to high intensities. METHODS Forty national level experienced athletics in the sports of tennis, table tennis, fencing, and boxing were selected for this study. Each subject performed both simple (SRT) and four-choice reaction time (4-CRT) tasks at rest, and while pedaling on a cycle ergometer at 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% of their own maximal aerobic power (Pmax). RESULTS RM MANCOVA revealed significant sport-type by physical load interaction effect mainly on CRT. Least significant difference (LSD) posthoc contrasts indicated that fencers and tennis players process information faster with incrementally increasing workload, while different patterns were obtained for boxers and table-tennis players. The error rate remained stable for each sport type over all conditions. Between-sport differences in SRT and CRT among the athletes were also noted. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide evidence that the 4-CRT is a task that more closely corresponds to the original task athletes are familiar with and utilize in their practices and competitions. However, additional tests that mimic the real world experiences of each sport must be developed and used to capture the nature of information processing and response-selection in specific sports.
Neural Sentiment Analysis for a Real-World Application

English. In this paper, we describe our neural network models for a commercial application on sentiment analysis. Different from academic work, which is oriented towards complex networks for achieving a marginal improvement, real scenarios require flexible and efficient neural models. The possibility to use the same models on different domains and languages plays an important role in the selection of the most appropriate architecture. We found that a small modification of the state-of-theart network according to academic benchmarks led to a flexible neural model that also preserves high accuracy. Italiano. In questo lavoro, descriviamo i nostri modelli di reti neurali per un’applicazione commerciale basata sul sentiment analysis. A differenza del mondo accademico, dove la ricerca è orientata verso reti anche complesse per il raggiungimento di un miglioramento marginale, gli scenari di utilizzo reali richiedono modelli neurali flessibili, efficienti e semplici. La possibilitá di utilizzare gli stessi modelli per domini e linguaggi variegati svolge un ruolo importante nella scelta dell’architettura. Abbiamo scoperto che una piccola modifica della rete allo stato dell’arte rispetto ai benchmarks accademici produce un modello neurale flessibile che preserva anche un’elevata precisione.
The effect of fertilization on sap flux and canopy conductance in a Eucalyptus saligna experimental forest

Land devoted to plantation forestry (50 million ha) has been increasing worldwide and the genus Eucalyptus is a popular plantation species (14 million ha) for its rapid growth and ability to grow well on a wide range of sites. Fertilization is a common silvicultural tool to improve tree growth with potential effects on stand water use, but the relationship between wood growth and water use in response to fertilization remains poorly quantified. Our objectives in this study were to determine the extent, timing and longevity of fertilization effects on water use and wood growth in a non‐water limited Eucalyptus saligna experimental forest near Hilo, HI. We evaluated the short‐ and long‐term effects of fertilization on water use by measuring sap flux per unit sapwood area, canopy conductance, transpiration per unit leaf area and water‐use efficiency in control and fertilized stands. Short‐term effects were assessed by comparing sap flux before and after fertilizer application. Long‐term effects were assessed by comparing control plots and plots that had received nutrient additions for 5 years.
DIVISION OF THE HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY PASADENA, CALIFORNIA 91125 NON-EXISTENCE OF EQUILIBRIUM IN VICKREY, SECOND-PRICE, AND ENGLISH AUCTIONS

A simple example shows that equilibria can fail to exist in second price (Vickrey) and English auctions when there are both common and private components to bidders' valuations and private information is held on both dimensions. The example shows that equilibrium only exists in the extremes of pure private and pure common values, and that existence in standard models is not robust to a slight perturbation. JEL classi cation numbers: D44, C72, D41, G14
Intraspecific competition influences the symmetry and intensity of aggression in the Argentine ant

Cooperative social groups rely on the ability to distinguish members from nonmembers. Accordingly, social insects have evolved a variety of systems that allow discrimination of nest mates from non--nest mates. In this study, we show that experience can modify patterns of intraspecific aggression in Argentine ants (Linepithema humile). In laboratory experiments, we found that aggression between colonies was often asymmetrical, but in all five cases, this asymmetry shifted to symmetrical aggression after contact with a hostile colony. Moreover, in the field, aggression between workers collected from colony borders was symmetrical, whereas polarized aggression occurred between workers collected 500 m away from colony borders. Coinciding with this shift in aggression symmetry, we also observed an increase in both the overall level of aggression and the frequency of aggression in both the field and laboratory bioassays. We found little evidence for colony-level competitive asymmetries stemming from polarities in aggression at the worker level, either in the laboratory or in the field. These results illustrate that recognition systems in Argentine ants are surprisingly dynamic and provide experimental evidence for how recognition can be adjusted in response to specific circumstances--in this case the presence of intraspecific competitors. Copyright 2005.
Ultrastructure of the human intervertebral disc: II. Cells of the nucleus pulposus

The cells of the intervertebral disc exist in a unique environment; not only are discs subject to large mechanical loads, they are the largest avascular structures in the body. To describe the ultrastructure and age changes in cells from human nucleus pulposus, we studied these cells in individuals ranging in age from the 26th week of fetal life to 91 years. Viable chondrocyte‐like cells existed in specimens from all ages. The presence of Golgi cisternae and well‐developed endoplasmic reticulum in these cells suggests that they are capable of producing and maintaining the extracellular matrix. Necrotic cells were also present in all samples, and many cells which appeared viable when examined by light microscopy proved to be necrotic when examined by electron microscopy. The percentage of necrotic cells increased with age from 2% or less in fetal specimens to over 50% in adults. In addition, with age, a distinct pericellular matrix or “nest,” consisting of collagen fibrils, fine filaments, dense particles, and banded structures, formed around most cells with no apparent preference for viable or necrotic cells. Nest formation and increasing density of the cell nests may reflect accumulation of cell products.
In vivo 2D mapping of impaired murine cardiac energetics in NO‐induced heart failure

31P MRS studies in humans have shown that an impairment of cardiac energetics is characteristic of heart failure. Although numerous transgenic mouse models with a heart‐failure phenotype have been generated, current methods to analyze murine high‐energy phosphates (HEPs) in vivo are hampered by limited spatial resolution. Using acquisition‐weighted 2D 31P chemical shift imaging (CSI) at 9.4 Tesla, we were able to acquire 31P MR spectra over the entire thorax of the mouse with high spatial resolution in defined regions of the heart (the anterior, lateral, posterior, and septal walls) within a reasonable acquisition time of about 75 min. Analysis of a transgenic cardiomyopathy model (double mutant: cardiospecific inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) overexpression and lack of myoglobin (tg‐iNOS+/myo−/−) revealed that cardiac dysfunction in the mutant was associated with an impaired energy state (phosphocreatine (PCr)/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) 1.54 ± 0.18) over the entire left ventricle (LV; wild‐type (WT): PCr/ATP 2.06 ± 0.22, N = 5, P < 0.05), indicating that in the absence of efficient cytosolic NO scavenging, iNOS‐derived NO critically interferes with the respiratory chain. In vivo data were validated against 31P MR spectra of perchloric acid extracts (PCr/ATP: 1.87 ± 0.21 (WT), 1.39 ± 0.17 (tg‐iNOS+/myo−/−, N = 5, P < 0.05). Future applications will substantially benefit studies on the cause‐and‐effect relationship between cardiac energetics and function in other genetically well‐defined models of heart failure. Magn Reson Med 57:50–58, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Carbon nanotubes-integrated inertial switch for reliable detection of threshold acceleration

The vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT)-bundle is utilized as a mechanical buffer for inertial micro-switch to extend the contact time and therefore to obtain reliable and stable output signals. The CNT bundles are directly synthesized on two facing surfaces of both movable- and stationary electrodes by patterning the catalyst on released microstructures and the following thermal chemical vapor deposition process. When the movable electrode collides with the stationary electrode, CNT bundles are elastically deformed, significantly prolonging the contact time. The measured contact time of CNT integrated inertial micro-switch was 108 µs, while the inertial micro-switch without CNT was 4.5 µs.
Health beliefs and attitudes toward the prevention of osteoporosis in older women

ObjectiveA pilot study to determine health belief factors associated with osteoporosis prevention behaviors in peri-and postmenopausal women. DesignWe administered a survey to a convenience sample of 60 women aged 40–95 years old in an urban family practice center and an associated retirement community. The self-reported questionnaire addressed demographics, osteoporosis risk factors, current preventive behaviors for osteoporosis, and health beliefs. ResultsThe majority of women (89%) believed that osteoporosis is a serious condition, but only 29% perceived a personal susceptibility. Women were less concerned about osteoporosis when compared with cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurologic disorders. Only 40% of women were taking active measures to prevent osteoporosis. There was no significant relationship between active osteoporosis prevention behaviors and five health belief factors (motivation, barrier, active participant in health care, frustration, and benefit) (p ≥ 0.43). However, active behaviors to prevent osteoporosis were found to correlate with the single item “I am worried about developing osteoporosis” (p = 0.03). Most women surveyed would be willing to exercise and take calcium and a multivitamin to prevent osteoporosis. ConclusionFew women are taking active measures to prevent osteoporosis despite their belief that it is a serious condition. Our data suggest that most women do not perceive a personal susceptibility to the disease. Only women who reported actively worrying about developing osteoporosis were more likely to be engaged in significant osteoporosis preventive behaviors.
Evaluation of urinary rapid test for Helicobacter pylori in general practice

There is increasing interest in noninvasive tests for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. One such test, a urine‐based rapid test kit (RAPIRUN H. pylori Antibody, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) for detection of antibody to H. pylori, has been developed and is considered ideal. In addition to its noninvasiveness and safe handling—due to use of urine as a sample—the assay procedure used for the urinary rapid test is very simple. Only 10–20 minutes are required to complete an assay, and no instruments are needed. The aim of this study was to examine the clinical usefulness of this urine‐based rapid test. A total of 189 patients, including 76 patients with gastroduodenal disease, were recruited. A pair of random single‐void urine and serum samples was collected from each of the 189 patients, and antibody to H. pylori in the urine and serum samples was measured using the urine‐based rapid test kit and three commercially available serum‐based ELISA kits. For the patients with gastroduodenal disease, invasive diagnostic methods using endoscopic biopsy specimens such as culture, histology, and rapid urease test were also performed. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the urinary rapid test were evaluated on the basis of the three serum ELISA results or the invasive diagnostic results. In addition, various urinalyses were performed, and the effects of substances existing in urine on the urinary rapid test results were examined. Of the 189 patients, the urinary rapid test was positive for 110 (58.2%), negative for 78 (41.3%), and invalid for only one patient (0.5%). Based on the three serum‐based ELISA results, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the urinary rapid test were 93.7, 88.9, and 92.2%, respectively. On the basis of the biopsy‐based test results, the sensitivity of the urinary rapid test was 100% and its accuracy (95.2%) was equivalent or superior to that of each serum‐based ELISA. In addition, no significant differences were observed between groups positive and negative on urinary rapid testing in any urinalysis parameter examined. The novel urinary rapid test kit evaluated in this study enables simple, rapid, and accurate diagnosis of H. pylori infection, and is an ideal test method for point‐of‐care testing. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 15:154–159, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Camera pose estimation with a two-dimensional marker Grid for haptic navigation

We developed a computer-vision-based position and orientation tracking system for pedestrian navigation with a mobile haptic display. Our developed system tracks the user's hand and provides the user with a haptic directional cue for way-finding. An off-the-shelf web camera is rigidly affixed to the haptic display the user holds and faces the ceiling where fiducial markers are displayed. The three-dimensional position and orientation of the device can be calculated from the known position and orientation of the fiducial markers that appear in the captured image. The performance of the system was verified using simultaneous measurement comparisons with a high-precision commercial motion capture system.
Ultra-compact and broadband silicon polarization rotator

An ultra-compact and broadband polarization rotator is proposed and realized on the Silicon-On-Insulator platform. The polarization rotation (TM0-TE1) is achieved by utilizing a straight multi-mode waveguide. Then, a bent multi-mode waveguide is used to obtain the TE1-TE0 mode conversion process. Finally, a bent coupler is utilized to filter out the residual TM0 mode. The measured extinction ratio at the central wavelength is 32.5 dB. The −20 dB bandwidth is measured to be 90 nm.
Adiabatic charging and discharging method with minimum energy dissipation for a variable-gap capacitor system

This study considers a method for minimising the energy dissipation when charging a variable-gap capacitor. The authors assume a capacitor coupled with repulsive mechanical potential energy. The potential energy is proportional to 1/d n , where d is the plate distance. With this capacitor model, the authors use the method of Lagrange multipliers to investigate a way to minimise the energy dissipation. When n = 3 (Q = pV 2 is satisfied in this case), the authors confirm that the conventional equal-step charging does not minimise the energy dissipation. From the viewpoint of the charge transfer per step, conventional constant-charge-transfer charging does not minimise the energy dissipation, but increasing-charge-transfer charging (small charge transfer at the initial step and large charge transfer at the final step) does minimise the energy dissipation. From analyses of the charging and discharging processes, it becomes clear that the ratio of energy dissipations between the conventional and proposed methods approaches 0.89 when the step number increases. This means the proposed method reduces the energy dissipation by 11% compared with the conventional one. A circuit that enables the minimum energy dissipation as discussed above is also described.
Effects of vaccination and other preventive methods for Salmonella Enteritidis on commercial laying chicken farms

The effect of introducing vaccinated commercial laying chickens on to farms, which previously had laying flocks that were infected with Salmonella Enteritidis, was investigated by sampling faeces and environmental samples, and in some cases spent hens. In 15 of 17 free-range flocks vaccination eliminated any evidence of infection. In 11 barn egg production flocks, vaccination produced similar results in four flocks on one farm but infection persisted in seven flocks on other farms. Vaccination of two consecutive cage layer flocks led to a gradual disappearance of the infection, but in 18 other flocks there was evidence of infection after vaccination. In one continuously occupied cage layer house, treatment by competitive exclusion was followed by a gradual disappearance of S Enteritidis in faeces and a substantial reduction in its levels in the environment. On four barn egg production sites disinfection with a formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde and quaternary ammonium compound disinfectant eliminated Salmonella species even though birds housed subsequently were not vaccinated. In three flocks that had been vaccinated for four years, S Enteritidis was still present. In most cases the poor performance of the vaccine was associated with severe rodent control problems and a poor standard of cleaning and disinfection.