Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Electrophysiological and Neuropsychological Measures in Patients with Schizophrenia and their Unaffected Biological Siblings: A Family study

BACKGROUND: Various neuropsychological domains and P300 auditory event related potentials exhibit abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia and their first-degree relatives. The aim of the study is to compare the cognitive and P300 measurements in patients with schizophrenia, their unaffected biological siblings and normal controls. Also, to find the correlation between the clinical variables in patients with schizophrenia and P300 event related potentials and neuropsychological test. METHODS: 30 patients with paranoid schizophrenia according to ICD-10, 30 unaffected biological siblings of patients with schizophrenia and 30 normal controls were able to complete all neuropsychological test and P300 event related potential assessments. All participants were administered SCAN and the patients were also evaluated regarding the symptom severity. RESULTS: Both patients with schizophrenia and the unaffected biological siblings of patients with schizophrenia showed lower P300 amplitude and longer P300 latency when compared with the normal controls. When compared between them, patient and sibling groups showed a statistical difference in P300 event related potentials. The three groups showed statistically significant differences in Digit vigilance test, Visual 2-back test, Controlled oral word association test, Animal names test and Stroop test. PANSS total score and psychopathology scores were having a statistically significant correlation with the P300 event related potential and neuropsychological tests. CONCLUSION: The patients with schizophrenia and the unaffected biological siblings of patients with schizophrenia showed abnormalities in P300 event related potentials and neuropsychological test. These tests were also correlated well with the illness characteristics of patients with schizophrenia.
Body composition and intake of nutrients associated with bone metabolism in young adolescents in a peri-urban setting

Objective: The aim was to describe the anthropometry, bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), dietary calcium intake and 25(OH)D3 levels in 11- and 12-year-old children in a peri-urban area. Design: A cross-sectional, descriptive study in the quantitative domain was undertaken. Setting: Bronkhorstspruit, Gauteng, South Africa. Subjects: Children, conveniently selected, were assessed in two groups. The first group comprised 70 children. From the 70 children, 20 children were conveniently selected to form a sub-sample (n = 20). Outcome measures: Anthropometric data (weight, height) and dietary data (three quantified multi-pass 24-hour recalls). Children in the sub-sample additionally underwent body composition assessment (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; DXA scan) and a finger prick for 25(OH)D3. Results: BMI and body composition data (body fat mass and lean fat mass) showed that the girls exceeded the boys in all measurements. The girls had a non-significantly higher BMD and BMC than the boys. The mean and median values for 25(OH)D3 were lower than the reference range values. Dietary intake results showed that the children had a sufficient macronutrient intake, but a deficient intake of calcium, phosphate and vitamin D. The sub-sample had a mean vitamin D intake of 3.2 mcg. Conclusion: The girls exceeded the boys in all the anthropometric and body composition measurements. The calcium and vitamin D intake of the children were of concern. There were no significant differences or relationships in the bone measurements and vitamin D status between the boys and girls.
Le sommeil, ses troubles et la santé cardio-métabolique d'adolescents obèses : effets d'une prise en charge associant exercice physique et modification des habitudes alimentaires

Le sommeil, de par ses fonctions recuperatrices, est essentiel a la vie. Pour autant, la modification du mode de vie et des comportements, tant sedentaires que nutritionnels, sont a l’origine d’une alteration du sommeil, conduisant ensemble a des situations d’obesite. Cet exces ponderal s’accompagne frequemment d’un syndrome d’apnees obstructives du sommeil (SAOS). Lorsque ces deux pathologies sont presentes, les troubles metaboliques s’aggravent et sont a l’origine d’une inflammation de bas grade. A notre connaissance, aucune etude ne s’est interessee aux benefices d’un reconditionnement a l’exercice physique combine a une modification des habitudes alimentaires, en dehors de ceux induits par la perte de poids, sur ces differents parametres. L’objectif de ce travail de these a donc ete, a partir d’une etude ancillaire, d’evaluer le sommeil d’adolescents obeses par polysomnographie (PSG) par comparaison a celui de sujets normo-ponderes. Dans l’etude principale, les effets d’un programme de 9 mois (reconditionnement a l’exercice, activites physiques adaptees, reequilibre alimentaire) ont ete evalues sur l’architecture et la duree du sommeil, le SAOS, les differents facteurs biologiques (inflammatoires, hormonaux, profils glucidique et lipidique) et sur les adaptations physiologiques a l’exercice musculaire, afin de mieux comprendre l’implication de l’endurance aerobie et des troubles du sommeil sur la sante cardio-metabolique. Trente-deux adolescents obeses (âge : 14,6 ans, z-score d’IMC= 4 ,7) ont ete recrutes. Toutes les variables ont ete analysees en pre et post-intervention. Les resultats montrent une duree de sommeil reduite chez les jeunes obeses avec un SAOS, diagnostique chez 58% d’entre eux, malgre une architecture du sommeil satisfaisante. En post-intervention, une perte de poids de 11 kg et une amelioration des parametres d’adaptation a l’exercice maximal (PMA, VE, VO2pic…) ont ete rapportees chez tous les sujets, que le SAOS soit encore, ou non, present. En effet, ce syndrome s’est normalise chez 46% d’entre eux. Par ailleurs, grâce a l’intervention, le sommeil s’est ameliore (qualite et quantite). Enfin, la proteine C-reactive basale du groupe SAOS, dont les valeurs atteignaient 11mg/l a l’admission, a considerablement diminue, accompagnee d’une baisse de la leptinemie et d’une hausse de l’adiponectinemie, pouvant expliquer le moindre risque cardio-metabolique. Nos resultats demontrent qu’a l’admission, l’inflammation est liee a l’obesite, alors qu’en post-intervention, sa baisse s’explique par l’augmentation de l’endurance aerobie, et ceci independamment du sexe, du poids, de la duree de sommeil et du SAOS. Bien que ce dernier n’ait pas ete normalise chez tous les sujets, sa prevention par l’exercice physique ainsi que celle des troubles metaboliques observes dans ces deux pathologies devrait faire partie integrante de la prise en charge des jeunes obeses en vue d’attenuer le risque de morbi-mortalite cardiovasculaire a l’âge adulte
Contribution of Endothelin-1 to Myocardial Injury in a Murine Model of Myocarditis

Background—Endothelin (ET) is one of the most important contributing factors in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known about its role in myocarditis. Methods and Results—Four-week-old DBA/2 mice were inoculated with the encephalomyocarditis virus. Expression levels of ET-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1) and prepro-ET-1 mRNA were significantly increased at 7 and 14 days after virus inoculation. Plasma and myocardial ET-1 levels were significantly higher in infected than noninfected mice between 5 and 14 days after virus inoculation. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that not only endothelial cells and myocytes but also infiltrating mononuclear cells produced ET-1 protein at 7 days. Oral bosentan, a mixed ET-1 receptor antagonist, was administered after virus inoculation in doses of 0 (control group), 10, or 100 mg · kg−1 · d−1, and the animals were killed on day 14. Mean heart weight/body weight ratios were 8.3±1.8 versus 11.2±2.4 versus 10.8±2.4 in the bosentan 100 mg · kg.
Suplementos nutricionales en el tratamiento y la prevención del dolor muscular tardío: una revisión sistemática (Nutritional supplements in the treatment and prevention of delayed muscle soreness onset: a systematic review)

El dolor muscular tardío (DMT) es uno de los indicadores del daño muscular y regularmente está asociado con la realización de una actividad física desacostumbrada. A través de los años se han buscado diversas formas de contrarrestarlo, entre ellas se encuentra el uso los suplementos nutricionales. Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad de los suplementos nutricionales en la prevención y tratamiento del DMT. Método: Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática en las bases de datos PubMeb, Scopus, SportDiscus y Web of Science, las palabras utilizadas para la búsqueda fueron delayed onset muscle soreness y exercise induced muscle damage combinadas con prevention y/o treatment. Resultados: Se identificaron 1257 estudios de los cuales 43 cumplieron con los criterios establecidos para ser incluidos en la revisión. Los principales suplementos usados son la leche, los ácidos grasos Omega 3 y la curcumina. Del total de estudios analizados, en el 46 % hubo una disminución del DMT con el uso del suplemento. Conclusión: lo suplementos nutricionales analizados no tienen efectividad en la prevención y tratamiento de DMT.Abstract. Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) is one of the indicators of muscle damage regularly associated with performance in individuals not used to physical activity. Several strategies to counteract DOMS appeared over the years, including the use of nutritional supplements. Objective: to determine the effectiveness of nutritional supplements in the prevention and treatment of DOMS. Method: a systematic review was carried out in the PubMed, Scopus, Sport Discuss, and Web of Science databases. Words used for the search were “delayed onset muscle soreness” and “exercise induced muscle damage” combined with “prevention” and / or “treatment”. Results: we identified 1,257 studies, 43 of which met the criteria established to be included in the review. The main supplements used are milk, omega-3 fatty acids, and curcumin. In 46% of the studies analyzed, a decrease in DOMS was shown after using a supplement. Conclusion: the nutritional supplements analyzed have no effectiveness in the prevention and treatment of DOMS.
Identification and Characterization of Staphylococcus Aureus Methicillin and Vancomycin Resistance From Patients in Sari and Ghaemshahr Injuries and Burn Hospitals in 2015

IJMM 2018; 12(3): 160-168 Background and Aims: Staphylococcus aureus is the most common and important nosocomial pathogens and due to potential virulence and increasing resistance to anti-microbial medicines, they become one of the most important health problems through worldwide. So the aim of this study was identification and characterization of S. aureus resistant to Methicillin and Vancomycin from patients hospitalized in Razi hospital of Ghaemshahr and Shahid Zare of Sari and characteristics antibiotics susceptibility pattern in 2015.
THE EFFECT OF GAMBIER EXTRACT ON THE LEVELS OF MALONDIALDEHYDE, SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE, AND BLOOD GLUCOSE IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS

Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a disease associated with dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells and oxidative stress. A treatment which can reduce the impact of oxidative stress may be beneficial in the treatment of diabetes. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of gambier extract on the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and blood glucose level (BGL) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: This research was a randomized clinical study consisted of two groups, namely placebo group (n=10) and gambier group (n=6). The blood samples were collected from the vein after fasting overnight and before consuming 100 g white bread to measure the levels of MDA, SOD, and BGL. The same procedure was conducted after fasting and 2-h postprandial on day 1 and day 14. The data obtained were analyzed with Student’s t-test with a statistical significance level of p<0.05. Results: The results showed that there was no change in MDA levels in the placebo group during the observation, but there was a significant decrease in MDA levels in the gambier group on day 14. In contrast, SOD levels increased in all measurements although there was no change on day 1 in the placebo group. The present study also found a significant increase of BGLs after consuming 100 g bread in both groups, but less BGL elevation in the gambier group.Conclusion: It is concluded that gambier extract has special mechanisms in the treatment of T2DM as an antioxidant and BGLs reduction.
Treatment of vascular cognitive impairment

ความบกพรองทางพทธปญญาเนองจากโรคหลอดเลอดสมองเปนการเปลยนแปลงทางพทธปญญาทมสาเหตเกยวกบหลอดเลอด โดยครอบคลมถงอาการตงแตการลดลงของระดบพทธปญญาระยะเรมตนจนถงภาวะสมองเสอม การจดการกบปจจยเสยงทอาจกอความเสยหายกบหลอดเลอดในสมองถอเปนกลยทธทสำคญในการรกษา มหลกฐานจำนวนมากทสนบสนนการรกษาปจจยเสยงดงกลาววาชวยชลอการดำเนนโรคและทำใหผผปวยมอาการดขน การรกษาดวยยานน โดยพนฐานแลวเปนการรกษาเพอปองกนไมใหภาวะสมองเสอมแยลง ดวยการควบคมปจจยเสยง เชน ความดนโลหตสง ไขมนในเลอดสง หรอเบาหวาน ในปจจบนยงไมมยาทไดรบการอนมตใหใชรกษาภาวะสมองเสอมจากโรคหลอดเลอดสมอง และจากหลกฐานในปจจบน พบวาไมมความจำเปนตองใชยากลมยบยงอะเซทลโคลนเอสเทอเรสในผปวยทกราย
Opening Editorial: Selection and Recruitment in Medical Education

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. There is over a century of research on selection and recruitment and the field has both developed and expanded significantly over this time. Previous research has tended to focus on reviewing the effectiveness of selection methods (academic records, references, personal statements, aptitude tests, personality assessments, situational judgement tests, and interviews), where good quality evidence is now emerging. Many challenges remain however, reflecting that selection and recruitment into medical education (both undergraduate and postgraduate) is a complex, multi-dimensional, dynamic phenomenon. For example, issues regarding diversity and fairness in selection have been researched over many years but there remains a huge gap between the research evidence and policy enactment in many parts of the globe. In this opening editorial for our special issue on selection and recruitment in medical education we encourage authors to consider six key question areas (amongst others), including: • how will technology (e.g. social media, big data, artificial intelligence, etc) influence selection research and practices in future? • should selection criteria be reviewed to include creativity, innovation, resilience and adaptability (beyond heavy reliance on prior academic attainment as the main criterion)? • is selection for medical education fair? How do we address issues regarding widening participation and diversity in practice? • to what extent do political, cultural and social factors influence selection philosophy and policies internationally? • what are the risks to effective selection (e.g. access to coaching, legal challenge of poor practices) and,• a new Ottawa consensus on selection and recruitment has been published - to what extent does this statement reflect your experiences of designing and implementing selection systems in your locality? In contributing to the debate, this special issue provides a platform for authors to present the latest research, empirical studies, systematic reviews, reflections, case studies and practical tips on current/future issues in selection and recruitment in medical education.
Achieving the Recommendations of International Guidelines in STelevation Myocardial Infarction Patients after Start of an OffSite Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Centre and a Network Focus Group: More Attention Must be Paid to PreHospital Delay

Objective: Delays in the treatment of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are still substantial and achieving the guideline recommendations is challenging. Specifically pre-hospital delays, including general practitioner (GP) and emergency medical transport (EMT) receive little scientific attention. Our objective is to achieve the international guideline recommendations for pre-hospital delay in STEMI patients. Methods: This is a prospective, observational, cohort study evaluating the delays of STEMI patients. To diminish delays within the studied region an off-site percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) centre and an acute coronary syndrome focus group comprising the Cardiology Departments, EMT service and GPs were set up. Delays before and after the start of the off-site PCI centre and focus group were analysed. Results: The median system delay (from any first medical contact to start of PCI) significantly decreased from 80 to 65 minutes. Median electrocardiogram-to-PCI delay decreased from 64 to 48 minutes. The percentage of patients with a system delay <90 minutes improved from 73% to 85% and the percentage with an electrocardiogram-to-PCI delay <90 minutes improved from 92% to 96%. GPs play an important role within the STEMI network with 45% of the patients contacting the GP first, resulting in a slight increase in delays compared to EMT as first medical contact. Conclusion: The guideline recommendations are achieved within the studied region after start of an off-site PCI centre and a focus group including Cardiologists, GPs and EMT service, demonstrating that focussed attention can effectively result in a decrease in pre-hospital delays
Age at diagnosis predicted survival outcome of female patients with breast cancer at a tertiary hospital in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Introduction Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in Indonesia. Patients' survival depends on various factors, namely patient-, tumor-, and treatment-related factors. Survival analysis on Indonesian patients has only been reported in a few studies. This study aimed to identify the factors that are associated with five-year overall survival (OS) among patients with breast cancer at a local tertiary hospital in Indonesia. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Dr Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta. Female patients diagnosed with breast cancer between January and December 2009 were studied. Socio-demographic and clinicopathological data were collected from the medical and pathological records. The five-year OS rate was assessed using Kaplan Meier method and prognostic factors were analyzed using Cox regression. Results A total of 213 eligible patients with breast cancer were recruited. The five-year OS probability of the breast cancer patient was 51.07%. The majority of the patients (151, 70.9%) presented an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. In the bi-variable analysis, cases who were younger, of a lower educational status, at a more advanced stage, with a bigger tumor size, and a central tumor location showed a worse five-year OS compared to their counterparts (p = 0.005, 0.001, 0.004, 0.011 and 0.023, respectively). In the multivariable analysis, age was an independent predictor for the OS (HR = 3.73; 95% CI = 1.0-13.6, p = 0.046). Conclusion The five-year OS of breast cancer patients in the local tertiary hospital was 51.07%. The patients' age at diagnosis was the only significant prognostic factor for the patients' survival.
ORAL AND PERIODONTAL HEALTH IN CHRONIC USERS OF PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES

The number of drug addicts increases rapidly, especially among the young. In Serbia, there are about 80.000 drug addicts. Long-term addicts experience changes in the mouth cavity. The aim of this investigation was to determine the level of oral hygiene among the users of psychoactive substances while them and afterwards. This investigation was performed on 26 patients of the Addiction Treatment Hospital „St. George“ in Niš. After an oral and periodontal clinical examination, the examinees were asked to fill in the questionnaire concerning the level of their oral hygiene. Of the total of 26 patients, 24 (92%) were male, aged 27.9 years on the average. They had the history of use of narcotics for 7.38±3.0 years before the start of therapy. Heroin was used statistically significantly more than all other substances (p<0.001), while snorting was the most common way to consume it (p<0.001). Clinical examinations confirmed that the majority of examinees had gingivitis - 23 (88.46%), which was a significantly more common diagnosis compared to periodontal disease (p<0.05). While using narcotics, 24 examinees (92.31%) used toothbrushes, versus 26 (100%) in the period of abstinence. Five examinees (19.23%) used some other oral hygiene accessories, while in the period of abstinence 16 (61.54%) examinees used these (p<0.01). The daily frequency of tooth brushing increased (p<0.05). There were 22 active smokers (84,62%) among the examinees, but this number fell to 16 (61.54%) after giving up narcotics. The most frequent oral diseases were gingivitis and periodontal disease at the time of drug addiction. Oral health was better in the period of abstinence than in the period of active addiction. It is an important fact that more drug addicts used toothbrushes in the period of abstinence than in the period of addiction. The role of doctors and dentists is very important, especially in the areas of motivation and education of these patients in oral health preservation. Acta Medica Medianae 2017;56(2) :64-69.
Zuckertoxizität: Konsequenzen für Adipositas, Diabetes, Karies und die Intensivmedizin

Zusammenfassung Ohne Zucker ist kein menschliches Leben möglich. Allein das menschliche Gehirn benötigt ca. 140 g Glukose pro Tag. Daher müssen Zucker und Nahrungsstoffe, die zu Zucker metabolisiert werden können, über die Nahrung aufgenommen werden. Zucker ist somit weder schlecht noch toxisch – es sei denn, er wird in sehr hohen Mengen konsumiert. Laut Deutscher Gesellschaft für Ernährung (DGE) und Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) sollten maximal 50 g Zucker pro Tag mit der Nahrung aufgenommen werden. Der restliche Zuckerbedarf wird endogen synthetisiert. Dieser Grenzwert wurde über Jahrtausende eingehalten, zumal für die Mehrheit der Menschen Zucker nur sehr begrenzt verfügbar war. In den letzten Jahren hat der Zuckerkonsum aber drastisch zugenommen. Laut Wissenschaftlichem Dienst des Deutschen Bundestages wurden 2016 in Deutschland pro Tag durchschnittlich ungefähr 100 g verzehrt. Bei Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen sogar 150 – 200 g/d, bei älteren Erwachsenen 50 – 150 g/d. Diese hohe Zuckeraufnahme erfolgt offensichtlich v. a. über Limonaden, Säfte und Süßwaren, aber auch durch „versteckte Zucker“, wie sie z. B. in Fertignahrungsmitteln und Ketchup oder Senf enthalten sind. Oft findet sich auch reichlich Zucker in vermeintlich gesunden Lebensmitteln, wie z. B. Cerealien, Fruchtjoghurt oder Bonbons mit Vitaminzusatz. In diesen Dosen kann Zucker tatsächlich toxische Eigenschaften bekommen und gesundheitsschädigend sein.
Declined vitamin D may be a trigger for hemifacial spasm

Aim: In this study, we aimed to measure the serum vitamin D levels in Hemifacial Spasmic (HFS) patients and show the role of HFS in the pathogenesis and place in etiology. Material and Methods: In this study, prospective 80 HFS patients and 80 healthy volunteers who were followed up at neurology clinic were prospectively included. The serum vitamin D levels of the patient and the control group with similar age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) was measured on the same day. The severity of the disease was measured using Jeongâ€™s Quality of Life Scale and correlated with vitamin D concentration. The results were compared using the independent t test and the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Serum vitamin D levels in patients with HFS were 16.4 [9 - 30.4] ng / ml in the patient group and 21.8 [9 - 42.6] ng / ml in the control group, and this difference was statistically significant (p