Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cortical Synchronization in the Peri-IED Period During Wake and Various Stages of Sleep in Patients With JME

Introduction. The activating role of non–rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep on epileptic cortex and conversely, the seizure remission brought about by antiepileptic medications, has been attributed to their effects on neuronal synchrony. This study aims to understand the role of neural synchrony of NREM sleep in promoting interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) in patients with epilepsy (PWE) by assessing the peri-IED phase synchrony during awake and sleep states. It also studies the role played by antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on EEG desynchronization in the above cohort. Methods. A total of 120 PWE divided into 3 groups (each n = 40; juvenile myoclonic epilepsy [JME], temporal lobe epilepsy [TLE]. and extratemporal lobe epilepsy [Ex-TLE]) were subjected to overnight polysomnography. Each patient group was subdivided into drug-naive and on treatment (Each n = 20). EEG phase synchronization analysis was performed to compare peri-IED phase synchronization indices (SI) during awake and sleep stages and between drug naïve and on treatment groups in 4 frequency bands, namely delta, theta, alpha, and beta. The mean ± SD of peri-IED SI among various subgroups was compared employing a multilevel mixed effects modeling approach. Results. Patients with JME had increased peri-IED cortical synchrony in N3 sleep stage, whereas patients with partial epilepsy had increased IED cortical synchrony in N1 sleep stage. On the other hand, peri-IED synchrony was lower during wake and REM sleep. We also found that peri-IED synchronization in patients with JME was higher in drug-naive patients compared with those on sodium valproate monotherapy in theta, alpha, and beta bands. Conclusion. The findings of this study suggest that sleep stages can alter cortical synchrony in patients with JME and focal epilepsy, with NREM IEDs being more synchronized and wake/REM IEDs being less synchronized. Furthermore, it also suggests that AEDs alleviate seizures in PWE by inhibiting cortical synchrony.
An Iterative Geometrical Noise Cancellation Approach to Closed-form Camera Pose Estimation

This research addresses a new iterative geometrical noise cancellation method for closed-form camera pose estimation based on collinearity theory. We first explain how to estimate camera position and it’s orientation by employing extra nonsingular point of the edge line of the landmark’s corner through a closed-form geometrical pose estimation algorithm. Then, we propose a new iterative noise cancellation algorithm to reduce the estimation error of camera transaction matrix, which has the most portion in camera pose estimation errors. To validate our proposed method, we test it as a computer simulation. The results show that this method is efficient, accurate and robustness. But the drawback is that the camera rotation matrix, which used in noise cancellation algorithm, may not always be inverseable.
Genes csrC and csrB Salmonella Controlling the Expression of the Characterization of Regulatory Elements Identification and Experimental In Silico

Published Ahead of Print 1 November 2013. 2014, 196(2):325. DOI: 10.1128/JB.00806-13. J. Bacteriol. Puente, Julio Collado-Vides and Víctor H. Bustamante Marcos Fernández-Mora, Alejandra Medina-Rivera, José L. Luary C. Martínez, Irma Martínez-Flores, Heladia Salgado, Genes csrC and csrB Salmonella Controlling the Expression of the Characterization of Regulatory Elements Identification and Experimental In Silico
2 Determination of Hepatic Protein and Taurine Levels and Western Blotting to Measure the Relative Abundance of Proteins

The cysteine dioxygenase (Cdo1)-null mouse is unable to synthesize hypotaurine and taurine by the cysteine/cysteine sulfinate pathway and has very low taurine levels in all tissues. The lack of taurine is associated with a lack of taurine conjugation of bile acids, a dramatic increase in the total and unconjugated hepatic bile acid pools, and an increase in betaine and other molecules that serve as organic osmolytes. We used the Cdo1-mouse model to determine the effects of taurine deficiency on expression of proteins involved in sulfur amino acid and bile acid metabolism. We identified cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (Csad), betaine:homocysteine methytransferase (Bhmt), cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (Cyp7a1), and cytochrome P450 3A11 (Cyp3a11) as genes whose hepatic expression is strongly regulated in response to taurine depletion in the Cdo1-null mouse. Dietary taurine supplementation of Cdo1-null mice restored hepatic levels of these four proteins and their respective mRNAs to wild-type levels, whereas dietary taurine supplementation had no effect on abundance of these proteins or mRNAs in wild-type mice.
Quantification of preferential flow in undisturbed soil columns using dye tracers and image analysis

Solute transport studies are increasingly being used to characterise flow mechanisms in both the field and laboratory. Realisation that solutes may move preferentially through soil into groundwaters has meant that research in this area has increased in importance. Chloride and Brilliant Blue tracers were applied to large undisturbed soil cores (8000 cm 3 ) inserted with time domain reflectometery probes (TDR). Following the collection of serial digital images, it was possible to examine the nature of the dominant water flow mechanisms in terms of dye-stained pathways and quantify the spatial distribution of dye concentration in two dimensions using image analysis. A high level of variability of flow patterns observed from dye and solute tracers was noted between soil types, between replicates and within replicates. These patterns were further explored using X-ray Computed Tomography to obtain 3-D visualisations of soil macropore architecture.
Tracking the Structure of Protein Interaction Network via Multiple Genetic Perturbations on Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells — Implementation of the Entropy Maximization Principle

Lei Mao1, Rossella De Cegli2, Mario Lauria2, Grit Nebrich1, Jean Maurice Delabar3, Yann Herault4, Gilda Cobellis2 and Joachim Klose1 1Institute for Medical Genetics, Charite – Universitatsmedizin, Berlin, 2Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Napoli, 3Universite Paris, Paris, 4Institut de Genetique Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, IGBMC, Institut clinique de la Souris, ICS, CNRS, INSERM, Universite de Strasbourg, UMR7104, UMR964, Illkirch 1Germany 2Italy 3,4France
Radiocarbon Dating of Individual Fatty Acids as a Tool for Refining Antarctic Margin Sediment Chronologies

We have measured the radiocarbon contents of individual, solvent-extractable, short-chain (C14, C16, and C18) fatty acids isolated from Ross Sea surface sediments. The corresponding 14C ages are equivalent to that of the post-bomb dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) reservoir. Moreover, molecular 14C variations in surficial (upper 15 cm) sediments indicate that these compounds may prove useful for reconstructing chronologies of Antarctic margin sediments containing uncertain (and potentially variable) quantities of relict organic carbon. A preliminary molecular 14C chronology suggests that the accumulation rate of relict organic matter has not changed during the last 500 14C yr. The focus of this study is to determine the validity of compound-specific 14C analysis as a technique for reconstructing chronologies of Antarctic margin sediments.
Weakening the stable semantics

We report our research on semantics for normal/disjunctive programs. One of the most well known semantics for logic programming is the stable semantics (STABLE). However, it is well known that very often STABLE has no models. In this paper we study the stable semantics and present some new results about it. Furthermore, we introduce a new semantics (that we call D3-WFS-DCOMP) and compare it with STABLE. For normal programs, this semantics is based on a suitable integration of WFS and the Clark's Completion. D3-WFS-DCOM has the following appealing properties: First, it agrees with STABLE in the sense that it never defines a non minimal model or a non minimal supported model. Second, for normal programs it extends WFS. Third, every stable model of a disjunctive program P is a D3-WFS-DCOM model of $P$. Fourth, it is constructed using transformations accepted by STABLE. We also introduce a second semantics that we call D2-WFS-DCOMP. We show that D2-WFS-DCOMP is equivalent to D3-WFS-DCOMP for normal programs but this is not the case for disjunctive programs. We also introduce a third new semantics that insists in the use of implicit disjunctions. We briefly sketch how these semantics can be extended to programs including: explicit negation, default negation in the head of a clause, as well as a lub operator ( which is the generalization of setof over arbitrary complete lattices). We sketch how to model this lub operator using standard disjunctive clauses. However, we can not use the STABLE semantics but instead any of our suggested semantics. We emphasizes that the ultimate goal of our research is to understand better the STABLE semantics and to suggest solutions to the drawbacks of the stable semantics (that becomes undefined very often).
Development and growth in larval and juvenile Hyas coarctatus (Decapoda, Majidae) reared in the laboratory

Duration of development in the larval and early juvenile stages H. coarctatus was studied in relation to temperature, and compared at extreme (18 and 6 °C) than at intermediate (9 to 15 °C) temperatures. The results were used to estimate the duration of development from hatching to the third crab stage in the field. Settling and metamorphosis was predicted to occur mainly during June. Biomass increased exponentially during larval development. Juvenile growth was also exponential and was maximum at 9 degree C, and minimum at 18 and 6 °C.
Recombinant EXLX1 from Bacillus subtilis for enhancing enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover with low cellulase loadings

BsEXLX1 protein from Bacillus subtilis has been proposed to have a structure that is similar to plant expansin. In this study, the recombinant BsEXLX1 protein was successfully expressed and purified in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). When the purified BsEXLX1 which contained the thioredoxin (Trx) protein was incubated with low-dose cellulases either simultaneously or sequentially, it showed a significant synergistic activity in corn stover hydrolysis. Furthermore, an even greater increase in the synergistic activity was obtained when cellulose was pretreated with BsEXLX1 followed by cellulase hydrolysis, and the synergistic activity was found as high as 1.5-fold greater than that when cellulose was treated simultaneously with the same concentrations of BsEXLX1 and cellulases. These results provided a feasible way for the potential application of BsEXLX1 in the efficient saccharification of cellulose materials for bioethanol production. Key word: Bacillus subtilis , BsEXLX1, cellulase, cellulose hydrolysis, bioethanol
The Long-Term Impact of Business Cycles on Innovation : Evidence from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Pian

I explore a novel channel through which short-term economic fluctuations affect the long-run innovative output of the U.S. economy: college graduates’ initial career choices. I develop a two-period Roy-style model to show that shocks to initial career choices could affect long-term patent production by changing graduates’ long-term occupational affiliation or changing their acquisition of inventive human capital. Using a newly constructed data set on the patenting history of all individuals obtaining a bachelor’s degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) between 1980 and 2005, I find that cohorts graduating during economic booms produce significantly fewer patents over the subsequent two decades. A one percentage point decrease in the unemployment rate in the year of scheduled graduation on average decreases the future annual patent output of a cohort by around 5%, or approximately 2.5 patents per year for an average-size cohort. Economic conditions at the time of graduation do not affect the number of graduates who patent or their characteristics. The decrease in patent output of cohorts graduating during booms is a result of lower inventive output from inventors with relatively low GPAs, and marginal patents receive fewer citations than the average and median patents. I find no evidence that initial economic conditions affect inventors’ long-term occupational affiliation, suggesting that the effect on patent production is primarily due to differences in inventors’ long-term level of inventive human capital. ∗Harvard Business School, Boston, MA 02163. Email: pshu@hbs.edu. I am very grateful to Daron Acemoglu, Scott Stern, Lee Fleming and especially David Autor for their generous guidance and detailed feedback on this project. I also thank Pierre Azoulay, Panle Barwick, JB Doyle, Joseph Hadzima, Jaimie Lee, Roman Lubynsky, Hong Luo, John S. Reed, Attoinette Schoar, David Simon, Heidi Williams, and numerous seminar participants at Brandeis, Case Western, Cornerstone Research, Harvard Business School, MDRC, MIT, the NBER Productivity Lunch, Ohio State University, the 5th Searle Center Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship, UBC Sauder School of Business, UC Berkeley Innovation Seminar, UIUC, and University of Toronto Rotman School of Management for helpful comments and suggestions. I’m grateful to Suzanne Berger, Maggy Bruzelius, Claude Canizares, Daniel Hastings, Deborah Liverman, Joseph Recchio, Ri Romano, Lydia Snover, and especially Gregory Harris for help with data collection. This project was supported by the Kauman Foundation. All errors are my own.
Susceptibility of Vibrio parahaemolyticus to Tris-Dependent DNA Degradation during Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis

This study reports a characteristic of some Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains which are susceptible to electrophoresis-related DNA-degradation (ERDD) by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) in Tris-borate EDTA (TBE) buffer. V. parahaemolyticus is a halophilic bacterium naturally inhabiting coastal
Primates in Gabon – current status and distribution

This paper examines the current status and distribution of primates in Gabon on the basis of data collected in the field between 1985 and 1988. There are at least 19 and possibly 21 species of primates definitely present in Gabon, making it one of the richest countries in the world for primates. Most of the species are still widespread and one, the sun-tailed guenon, is endemic. Hunting and habitat destruction are the main threats to the country's primates. The major problem at the moment is the opening up of previously inaccessible areas by logging companies and the Trans Gabon railway, which leads to an increase in hunting pressure. Several species are threatened; the mandrill/drill, the black colobus, and the sun-tailed guenon need special conservation measures. Suggestions for action are made and several new reserves have recently been proposed.
Quality scores in reverse auctions: Motivations, information sharing and credibility

Non-price attributes such as prior relationship, product quality, and reliability can be more important than bidding prices for the buyers when selecting the winner of a reverse auction. In this regard, in open-ended reverse auctions (also known as buyer-determined auctions), buyers usually evaluate and assign ‘quality score’ (QS) to each supplier. Although QS enables the buyer to incorporate the above-mentioned non-price attributes in its sourcing decisions, it may have repercussions on the outcome of a reverse auction. On one hand, the QS influences the relative positions of the suppliers against each other in terms of the buyer’s sourcing preference. On the other hand, this very characteristics of QS may invalidate its role among the suppliers as the buyer may become tempted to abuse it in order to regulate the competition towards its own benefits. In order to analyze the tug of war between the operational and strategic benefits of QS in a reverse auction setting, in this paper, we develop a bi-level supply chain between a buyer and two competing suppliers. One of the two suppliers is an incumbent with known track record, whereas the other one is untested. Ceteris paribus, the buyer calculates the (relative) QS of untested supplier with respect to the known one, and decides whether or not (and if yes, how) to credibly share this with the two suppliers possibly via advance minimum revenue guarantees. Analyzing pooling, separating, and semi-separating equilibria of resulting signalling game between the buyer and the two suppliers, we develop insights on the impact of QS on the buyer-determined reverse (procurement) auctions. Our results suggest that such advance guarantees should be offered only to the incumbent supplier when the difference between suppliers’ quality scores is relatively low. In addition, the degree of price competition among suppliers increases when the degree of information asymmetry between the upstream and downstream levels of supply chain regarding the quality scores is sufficiently low. Moreover, when the number of qualified entrants in the auction increases, suppliers’ price competition and buyer’s signaling cost increase, which suggests the buyers not to share the quality scores information. We have provided the managerial implications of our findings.
Handling Uncertainty and Diversity in Cloud Bandwidth Demands for Revenue Maximization

With the increasing demand for large bandwidth and diversity of bandwidth requests, to maximize the revenue, cloud providers nowadays try to offer different bandwidth request models that include guaranteed bandwidth reservation requests and on-demand flexible bandwidth requests. While guaranteed bandwidth reservation requests are beneficial for providers from the point of view of cash flow due to the upfront fee, it faces the problem of bandwidth under-utilization. On the other hand, on-demand flexible requests generate higher revenue, but they suffer from future demand uncertainty. Controlling the admission and trade-off between these kinds of requests while maximizing the revenue becomes a challenging problem for providers. In this paper, we present an optimal bandwidth allocation approach which supports the above bandwidth request models and maximizes the revenue for providers. We model the bandwidth allocation problem as a Markov Decision Process (MDP) which takes into account the utilization of guaranteed bandwidth reservation requests and the future demand uncertainty of on-demand flexible requests. We solve the MDP problem by using a dynamic programming algorithm. We demonstrate that the proposed model can be integrated into cloud data centers by leveraging on the new features of software defined networks to control the bandwidth for users. The numerical results show that the proposed model outperforms the baseline schemes and generates high revenue for providers.
Nahid Siddiqui therapeutic options antioxidant imbalance in asthma : scientific evidence , epidemiological data and possible − −

Prevalence of asthma has increased considerably in recent decades throughout the world especially in developed countries. Airway inflammation is thought to be prime cause for repeated episodes of airway obstruction in asthmatics. Several studies have shown that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role in initiation as well as amplification of inflammation in asthmatic airways. Excessive ROS production in asthma leads to alteration in key enzymatic as well as nonenzymatic antioxidants such as glutathione, vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, uric acid, thioredoxin, superoxide dismutases, catalase, and glutathione peroxidases leading to oxidant–antioxidant imbalance in airways. Oxidant–antioxidant imbalance leads to pathophysiological effects associated with asthma such as vascular permeability, mucus hypersecretion, smooth muscle contraction, and epithelial shedding. Epidemiological data also support the scientific evidence of oxidant–antioxidant imbalance in asthmatics. Therefore, the supplementation of antioxidants to boost the endogenous antioxidants or scavenge excessive ROS production could be utilized to dampen/prevent the inflammatory response in asthma by restoring oxidant–antioxidant balance. This review summarizes the scientific and epidemiological evidence linking asthma with oxidant–antioxidant imbalance and possible antioxidant strategies that can be used therapeutically for better management of asthma.
VARIABLE TIME-STEP θ-SCHEME FOR NONLINEAR EVOLUTION EQUATIONS GOVERNED BY A MONOTONE OPERATOR

The single-step θ-scheme on a variable time grid is employed for the approximate solution of the initial-value problem for a nonlinear firstorder evolution equation. The evolution equation is supposed to be governed by a possibly time-dependent hemicontinuous operator that is (up to a shift) monotone and coercive, and fulfills a growth condition. A piecewise constant as well as piecewise linear prolongation of the timediscrete solution is shown to converge towards the exact solution if θ ≥ 1/2 (including the Crank-Nicolson scheme). In the appearance of a strongly continuous perturbation of the monotone main part, the method is still convergent if θ > 1/2 and if the ratio of adjacent step sizes is bounded from above by a power of θ/(1− θ). Besides convergence also well-posedness of the time-discrete problem as well as a priori error estimates are studied.
Role of cognitive enhancement in schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a severe and usually chronic psychiatric disorder characterized by dysfunction in many domains. Hallucinations, delusions, and behavioral disturbances are prominent symptoms of the illness, and are appropriately a focus for treatment, but less atten- tion is given to the cognitive deficits that are also typically found in schizophrenia. Whilst impairments in learning, memory, and executive function have been recognized for many decades, deficits in more subtle aspects of cognition have been recognized more recently. These include biases in the evaluation of information and difficulties with emotional and social cognition. Cognitive deficits make a substantial contribution to real-world function, and improving cognition has the potential to improve social and vocational outcomes. This review provides an overview of potential treatments for cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, including medications, psychologi - cal therapies, and neurostimulation. Despite optimal medication and case management, many people with schizophrenia do not achieve full remission. There is sufficient evidence to encourage widespread adoption of at least some of the current cognitive enhancement strategies. However, individual patients differ in terms of their symptoms, patterns of cognitive dysfunction, medica- tion response, and social and occupational situations. Considerable work is therefore needed to personalize cognitive remediation to maximize the benefits. However, at present, these methods are underutilized, even when applied in a universal manner where all subjects receive the same treatment. The barriers to wider availability of these treatments are discussed.