Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Future of Industrial Policy in a Globalizing World: What are the Options?

Industrial policy is about how a nation or a region develops economically, and about how government structures incentives and relationships across different economic sectors, in order the foster economic growth and increase standards of living. Broadly, this can mean pretty much anything that government does that has an impact on economic performance, including policies, regulations, tax structure and subsidies.1 The extent of government intervention and participation in the economy has changed over the course of the 20th century and across nations and regions. The prevailing orthodoxy is that governments cannot create wealth directly, but can only create the conditions for wealth creation in the private sector. This leads to a framework that stresses policy changes to reduce taxes, to privatize state enterprises and public services, to deregulate environmental protections, labour laws, consumer protection, and to stress export-oriented economic development. While not generally thought of as industrial policy, these measures are a “passive” form of industrial policy, at one end of a spectrum of choices around the degree of intervention by the state. Historically, industrial policy has had a more interventionist flavour that is consistent with the idea of an activist state. Such “active” industrial policy has been based on protecting infant industries, developing infrastructure, placing restrictions and conditions on foreign investment, plus other forms of government intervention to subsidize and support wealth creation. A wide range of public sector activities, including state monopolies, state trading enterprises and public services, also fall within this conception of industrial policy. The key point is that there is something deliberate or strategic in terms of intervention, whether or not successful in terms of actual outcomes. Industrial policy is important because markets alone are insufficient to achieve high levels of economic and social development. While there is debate around the degree to which markets work effectively—the extent of market failure in economies—it is fair to say that there are specific markets that work relatively well, some that produce less than ideal results, and others that fail altogether. The market mechanism can be effective to the extent that it coordinates decentralized deci-
Agave tequilana Bagasse as Source of Cellulose Nanocrystals via Organosolv Treatment

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were isolated from Agave tequilana residues derived from ethanol production. Hemicelluloses and lignin extraction from agave bagasse was carried out via organosolv (ethanol/acetic) digestion followed by conventional sulfuric acid hydrolysis. The ethanol/acetic acid treatment resulted in cellulose yields of approximately 67% after lignin and ash removal. Compared to soda and sodium chlorite treatments with organosolv, the time and chemical load needed for delignification were remarkably reduced. The morphology of the cellulose fiber obtained in the three treatments was between 0.55 and 0.62 mm, with which CNC was obtained in the order of 83 to 195 nm in length. It is noteworthy that the longest cellulose fibers and nanocrystals were obtained from organosolv cellulose. The organosolv treatment led to a high purity cellulose, derived CNCs with a minimum energy consumption and mild chemical usage, and also considered the use of material streams associated with distillation processes. Thus, a viable alternative is suggested for the production of high quality CNC from widely available residual biomass that otherwise poses environmental and health-related risks.
End-to-end transmission time-based opportunistic routing protocols for bus networks

Single path routing protocols for Internet access in bus networks (composed of traveling city public buses) may not achieve satisfactory performance because of frequent bus mobility. This paper studies the opportunistic routing protocols in bus networks to improve the system throughput and reduce the access delay. In this paper, we first propose an end-to-end transmission time (EET)-based opportunistic routing (OR) framework. We then derive 3 EET-based OR protocols, EETOR (EET-based OR), EETMcOR (EET-based OR with MAC contention consideration), and EETCcOR (EET-based OR with congestion control consideration), which consider 3 different EET metrics. EETOR considers the network layer transmission behavior to approximately estimate the EET without the knowledge of the MAC layer; EETMcOR calculates the EET by considering the MAC contention and builds a 3-dimensional Markov chain model to quantize the MAC behavior; and EETCcOR takes the congestion effect into account to evaluate the EET and hence decreases congestion by controlling the MAC layer transmission time. Simulations under a real city environment scenario with a bus mobility model are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of our OR protocols.
A Multi-Agent System Architecture for Coordination of the Real-Time Control Functions in Complex Industrial Systems

Multi-agent system architecture for coordination of the real-time control functions in complex industrial systems is presented. The problem which must be solved out is how efficiently to organize the interactions between tasks in order to satisfy the functionality and the time restriction of the system. In order to solve this problem, the treatment of the task interactions is separated from the tasks and is implemented by the proposed multi-agent system. A general three level multi-agent system is introduced to manage the interactions and schedule of tasks. A framework of building of the schedule of the tasks is also presented. Finally, the benefits of the proposed architecture are discussed.
Determining the Sex of Reed Parrotbills Paradoxornis heudei from Biometrics and Variations in the Estimated Sex Ratio, Chongming Dongtan Nature Reserve, China

Determining the sex of Reed Parrotbills Paradoxornis heudei from biometrics and variations in the estimated sex ratio, Chongming Dongtan Nature Reserve, China. Zoological Studies 50(5): 560-565. Differences in gender morphology of the near-threatened Reed Parrotbill Paradoxornis heudei were analyzed to obtain equations discriminating individuals according to sex. Results were used to define sex ratios during the breeding period in both harvested and unharvested reedbeds. We caught 281 individuals and sexed them from biological criteria and by subsequent observations of display behavior. A discriminant analysis was performed on biometrics from 100 adults for which the sex was confirmed by a genetic analysis, and then the predictive accuracy was tested with the remaining individuals. The sex ratio of birds captured and its changes during the nesting period were investigated in both harvested and unharvested reedbeds. All tested parameters significantly differed between sexes in adult Reed Parrotbills. Bill measurements displayed the greatest sexual dimorphism. A discriminant function using bill height and culmen length was derived which was found to correctly identify the gender of 100% of tested individuals. This function will be useful for rapidly sexing individuals in the field. The species evidenced a balanced sex ratio in both harvested and unharvested areas. This study provides supplementary evidence that the Reed Parrotbill shares the same social system as the Vinous-throated Parrotbill P. webbianus and shows that harvesting activities do not seem to influence the sex ratio during the nesting period. http://zoolstud.sinica. edu.tw/Journals/50.5/560.pdf
Seminal role of clouds on solar dimming over the Indian monsoon region

In contrast to most of the world where solar dimming has changed over to solar brightening since late eighties, dimming continues unabated over the Indian region. This study investigates new insight into the origin of dimming over India. As the insolation at the surface is controlled by aerosols and clouds, we tried to separate out the two controlling factors by examining clear and cloudy sky days. From 1981–2006, the rate of dimming is found to be twice as large during cloudy conditions (∼12 W/m2/decade) compared to that during clear sky conditions (∼6 W/m2/decade). The clear sky dimming is attributed to increasing aerosols. While the rate of dimming by clouds is similar during summer and winter monsoon seasons, the increased contribution to dimming by clouds during summer seems to come from increasingly deeper clouds covering increasingly larger area. During winter, dimming in cloudy conditions appears to be due to indirect effect of aerosols.
Effect of Cherry Laurel (Laurocerasus officinalis Roem.) Incorporation on Physical, Textural and Functional Properties of Cakes and Cookies

Cherry laurel (Laurocerasus officinalis Roem.) is a highly nutritious fruit and can be consumed in both fresh and processed form. Due to its phenolic compounds, cherry laurel demonstrates antioxidant activity and may therefore be evaluated as an ingredient to obtain a functional food. This study was performed to investigate the possible usage of dried cherry laurel fruit in the production of cakes and cookies, and to develop a novel formulation of these products. Cakes (0, 10, 20, 40%) and cookies (0, 5, 10, 20%) were incorporated with a coarse milled form of dried cherry laurel, and the quality of the baked products was evaluated by determining the color, texture, sensory properties, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. All of the color values (L*, a*, b*) were significantly (p<0.05) affected by the level of fruit. Fruit level also had a significant (p<0.05) effect on the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity, and these values were found to be increased with increasing fruit levels. It was observed that the increase in cherry laurel addition resulted in firmer cakes, but softer cookies. In addition, a decrease was observed in the springiness values of 40% fruit-containing cakes as compared to the control sample. Sensory evaluation of the products showed satisfactory results. Products containing higher levels of fruit were generally the most preferred by the panelists.
Spatio-temporal propagation of cascading overload failures

Different from the direct contact in epidemics spread, overload failures propagate through hidden functional dependencies. Many studies focused on the critical conditions and catastrophic consequences of cascading failures. However, to understand the network vulnerability and mitigate the cascading overload failures, the knowledge of how the failures propagate in time and space is essential but still missing. Here we study the spatio-temporal propagation behavior of cascading overload failures analytically and numerically. The cascading overload failures are found to spread radially from the center of the initial failure with an approximately constant velocity. The propagation velocity decreases with increasing tolerance, and can be well predicted by our theoretical framework with one single correction for all the tolerance values. This propagation velocity is found similar in various model networks and real network structures. Our findings may help to predict and mitigate the dynamics of cascading overload failures in realistic systems.
Entrepreneurship Education in Sub-Saharan Africa: Results of a Case Study in Senegal

The number of entrepreneurship education programs has grown worldwide in the last two decades. This has helped consolidate a fruitful line of research focusing on measuring the impact that these programs have on participating students’ entrepreneurship potential. However, to date, these programs have almost exclusively centered on more developed countries. The present work, on the contrary, analyses the impact of an entrepreneurship promotion program carried out for a period of three years in the socioeconomic and cultural context of a less developed country: Senegal. Specifically, the program was aimed at students on different degree programs at the University of Gaston Berger. Theoretical approaches of effectuation and bricolage were applied and students’ enterprise potential was tested ex ante and ex post. The results show that students had a significant improvement in their entrepreneurial potential, thus reflecting the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education in these contexts.
Embedded System Confidentiality Protection by Cryptographic Engine Implemented with Composite Field Arithmetic

Embedded systems are subjecting to various kinds of security threats. Some malicious attacks exploit valid code gadgets to launch destructive actions or to reveal critical details. Some previous memory encryption strategies aiming at this issue suffer from unacceptable performance overhead and resource consumption. This paper proposes a hardware based confidentiality protection method to secure the code and data stored and transferred in embedded systems. This method takes advantage of the I/D-cache structure to reduce the frequency of the cryptographic encryption and decryption processing. We implement the AES engine with composite field arithmetic to reduce the cost of hardware implementation. The proposed architecture is implemented on EP2C70 FPGA chip with OpenRisc 1200 based SoC. The experiment results show that the AES engine is required to work only in the case of I/D-cache miss and the hardware implementation overhead can save 53.24% and 13.39% for the AES engine and SoC respectively.
β-Glucan in invertebrates

b-Glucans, as biologically active polysaccharides, have been used for decades but only recently have become a focus of evolutionary studies. As b-glucans are shown to be active in all animal species studied - from earthworms to humans - we can safely conclude that b-glucan immunostimulation is one of the first defensive mechanisms active across the entire evolutionary spectrum. The recognition of b-glucans as major components of yeast, fungal, and bacterial cell walls belongs to the first defense mechanisms that evolved during phylogenetic processes .
Analyzing and improving customer experience at communication agency

Date 13 November 2017 Author(s) Fanny Heimonen Degree programme Degree Programme in International Business Report/thesis title Analyzing and improving customer experience at communication agency Cocomms Number of pages and appendix pages 71 + 21 This thesis aims to analyze and improve customer experience at a Finnish communication agency called Cocomms. The topic is relevant, because experiences have become an essential way to compete. Many companies recognize the importance of customer experience. However, only a few companies have a strategic approach to managing them or take actual action in improving them. Every company produces experiences, either coincidental or managed. Therefore, every company also has the opportunity to produce experiences that meet or exceed the customers’ expectations. To be able to move the customer experience to the next level, companies must first understand the state of their current experience. Therefore, this thesis also studies how Cocomms’ customer experience is perceived today. The theoretical framework consists of three themes. It deals with diverse perspectives to building customer experience; good practices to measuring customer experience as well as some key performance indicators; and, finally, some key management areas of customer experience. The research includes two perspectives: external (customer), and internal (company). The customer perspective studies Cocomms’ strengths and weaknesses in chosen touch points and on relationship level. The customer perspective is studied through an online survey of all Cocomms’ active customers. The company perspective, on the other hand, focuses on how customer experience is planned, measured and managed. It is studied through theory and by benchmarking Cocomms’ Norwegian partner agency X through an interview. This also covers the international aspect of the thesis. Overall Cocomms’ customer experience is seen as quite positive and it was difficult to identify key weaknesses. The main reasons for positive experiences by Cocomms were the team and quality of service. The key interview findings relate to the importance of culture in this type of business, and the role of people, measuring, and customer journeys. Generally, customer journeys are quite un-known. Furthermore, companies do not measure customer experiences. However, to be able to improve the experiences, companies need to know their customers, understand the customer buying process or customer journey, and implement systematic measuring processes. Therefore, these aspects were also suggested as future recommendation areas for Cocomms.
Analyzing Factors Influencing the Job Satisfaction of Building Construction Workers in Bangladesh: A Study on Private Construction Firms

Workers of all organizations need to be satisfied to facilitate their input towards the attainment of organizational goals. Construction workers like all other workers need this sort of satisfaction enables them give off their best. The purpose of this study was to analyze and find out the factors influencing the job satisfaction of construction workers who were working in private construction firms in Bangladesh. Data were collected from building construction workers of different private construction firms in Dhaka city. A total of 144 construction workers were interviewed randomly with a structured questionnaire. To meet the objective of this study individual bi-variate analysis and factor analysis of job satisfaction of building construction workers are considered here. The Cronbach’s “Alpha” reliability estimate for the 30 items was 0.897. This study worked with six main factors with twenty one dimensions related to job satisfaction. Out of which four factors such as motivation, working environment, human relations, and supervision by supervisor are moderately correlated to job satisfaction scoring 0.679, 0.555, 0.650 & 0.615 respectively. The findings indicate that 95% of the respondents are male and confirms the fact that the construction workers of this sector are male dominated. The age distribution of respondents that majority of respondents 71 (49.3%) out of a total 144 are aged between 21-30 years. It is evident from the study that regression model is able to express 63% of total variation. Human relations, motivation, working environment, and supervision by supervisor are the most influencing factors in framing job satisfaction of building construction workers since coefficient beta scores 0.323, 0.284, 0.276, & 0.235 respectively. So the management should focus on the above mentioned issues for making the workers happier with their job.
From the Harvard Medical Practice Study to the Luxembourg Declaration. Changes in the approach to patient safety. Closing remarks

Since the Harvard Medical Practice Study was published in 1991 the growing mass of international literature has demonstrated that medical adverse events can cause iatrogenic illnesses, prolonged hospitalisations and increased costs. In 1999-2001, reports made by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) in the USA, the Department of Health (DoH) in the UK and the Australian Patient Safety Foundation (APSF) stressed the necessity for creating a safer environment and a reporting culture throughout healthcare systems. They also emphasized the need for researchers to investigate means of turning policies into practice. Since their publication a lot of effort has gone into collecting data on adverse events and near misses. As a result, in 2001, the AHRQ published a Health Technology Assessment report on best practices for patient safety. While in Australia national meetings have been dedicated to address important issues across the whole spectrum of healthcare. In the UK the Audit Commission has published a report that is also focused on medication safety: “A spoonful of sugar”. In 2004 the World Health Organisation promoted a Patient Safety Alliance; while in April 2005the Standing Committee of European Doctors organised a Conference in Luxembourg called “Patient safety - Making it happen! ”. The issue of patient safety is therefore seen as a priority by EU institutional bodies and by many European health stakeholders.
Ecology of sable of North-Western Yakutian native population

In 2003–2012, 687 carcasses of aboriginal sables of Zhigansk population represented by the Yenisey subspecies (Martes zibellina yeniseensis Ognev, 1925) inhabiting North-Western Yakutia were studied. Skull and body size of native sables were larger and fur colour was lighter as compared to the Vitim subspecies (M. z. princeps Birula, 1922) introduced in South-Western Yakutia (Olekma population). Dynamics of the native population is characterized by the prevalence of natural cycles at moderate hunting rates. The portion of juveniles made up 69.3% on average. Among adults 37.0% were 1-year-old animals, 25.1% 2-year-old, and 13.3% 3-year-old sables. Animals aged 4 to 12 years were less numerous (24.6%), especially females (8.5%). Fertility (3.46±0.2) and fecundity (2.77±0.3) rates as well as the number of reproducing females (61.4%), especially at the age of one year (2.9%), were less than in Olekma population. The diet of Zhigansk sables was based on northern red-backed voles (Myodes rutilus) (43.7% of studied stomachs), grey red-backed voles (Craseomys rufocanus) (43.7%) and root voles (Alexandromys oeconomus) (50.2%). Consumption of pikas (Ochotona sp.) was increased (up to 31.2%) in separate years. Birds were rarely consumed (1.6%). Plant food mainly consisted of bog bilberry (Vaccinium uliginosum) (15.5%). Poorly-nourished sables made up 71.9% of the sample. The number of moderately fat and very fat sables increased with age. Among them, males (30.2%) prevailed over females (25.7%). The relative mass of paranephric fat was lowest in sables aged 1 to 8 years. Sex-related differences in fat index were recorded only in juveniles. How to cite this article: Zakharov E.S. , Safronov V.M. 2017. Ecology of sable of North-Western Yakutian native population // Russian J. Theriol. Vol.16. No.1. P.74–85. doi: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.16. 1.07
Management Accounting and Strategic Human Resource Management: A Comparison of the UK Royal Mail and Canada Post

This paper explores the current and future roles of management accounting in relation to strategic human resource management (SHRM). A grounded theory approach is used to examine two case studies in the public sector. The two case studies reveal that (i) the key human resource strategies include Leadership and Training and Development, and (ii) Management Accountants perform an integrating role in the SHRM process in the areas of planning, providing information for strategic decision making, measuring and reporting performance. Three hypotheses for further testing are developed from the cross-case analysis. The interviewees expect that Management Accounting will move away from financial control towards business support and strategic partnering in the area of human resource management.
Insuring catastrophes and the role of governments

Abstract. In this paper we model the cost of providing insurance coverage against natural and man-made hazards. We propose an insurance market model that explains (1) the use of reinsurance to help finance the cost of catastrophic events and (2) the implicit (or explicit) presence of government entities acting as (re)insurers of last resort. Using an economic model, we show how insurance programmes should be designed to cover the losses due to a possible catastrophic natural hazard. Our results show that the optimal structure of a reinsurance programme minimizes the cost of offering insurance protection. We also show how government intervention can reduce the cost of insurance against natural catastrophes and increase policyholders' welfare. Our paper therefore offers public policy implications as to the role and presence of government as an insurer of last resort and the minimum insurance premium necessary to cover the cost of catastrophic events.