Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Induction of various blood‐brain barrier properties in non‐neural endothelial cells by close apposition to co‐cultured astrocytes

Vascular endothelial cells (EC) exhibit organ‐to‐organ heterogeneity in their functions and morphologies. In particular, brain capillary EC have unique characteristics exemplified by the blood‐brain barrier (BBB). The formation and the maintenance of BBB have been ascribed to EC responses to inductive signal(s) or factor(s) from astrocytes that encircle microvessels in the central nervous system. These EC responses were demonstrated in numerous in vivo studies, exemplified by those of Janzer and Raff (Nature 325:253, 1987) and Tout et al. (Neuroscience 55:291, 1993) showing that transplanted astrocytes induced BBB properties in non‐neural vascular EC. In this study, we constructed a heterologous co‐culture system, in which rat fetal brain astrocytes were cultivated on one surface of a porous membrane and human umbilical vein EC on the opposite surface. Electron microscopic examination revealed that astrocytes passed their endfeet through the pores, making contact with EC. In this system, γ‐glutamyltranspeptidase (γ‐GTP) activity in EC was found to be significantly increased by contacting astrocytes in a density‐and time‐dependent manner, but not when the astrocyte feeder layer was apart from EC or replaced by COS cells; astrocyte‐derived extracellular matrix partially activated γ‐GTP. mRNAs for some of the representative BBB markers, including transferrin receptor, P‐glycoprotein, brain‐type glucose transporter(GLUT‐1), and γ‐GTP were also demonstrated by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction to be upregulated in EC co‐cultured with astrocytes. Astrocyte inductions of close membrane apposition resembling a zonula occludens and of an increase in the content of mitochondria in EC were also noted in electron micrographs. Furthermore, an increased barrier activity against inulin was conferred on EC when they were lined with astrocytes. The results obtained with this heterologous co‐culture system thus indicate that through contact with their feet, astrocytes are capable of transdifferentiating non‐neural EC into the brain type, endowing them with the BBB properties. Glia 19:13–26, 1997 © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Linking Starobinsky-type inflation in no-scale supergravity to MSSM

A novel realization of the Starobinsky inflationary model within a moderate extension of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) is presented. The proposed superpotential is uniquely determined by applying a continuous R and a ℤ2 discrete symmetry, whereas the Kähler potential is associated with a no-scale-type SU(54,1)/SU(54) × U(1)R × ℤ2 Kähler manifold. The inflaton is identified with a Higgs-like modulus whose the vacuum expectation value controls the gravitational strength. Thanks to a strong enough coupling (with a parameter cT involved) between the inflaton and the Ricci scalar curvature, inflation can be attained even for subplanckian values of the inflaton with cT ⩾ 76 and the corresponding effective theory being valid up to the Planck scale. The inflationary observables turn out to be in agreement with the current data and the inflaton mass is predicted to be 3·1013GeV. At the cost of a relatively small superpotential coupling constant, the model offers also a resolution of the μ problem of MSSM for cT ⩽ 4500 and gravitino heavier than about 104GeV. Supplementing MSSM by three right-handed neutrinos we show that spontaneously arising couplings between the inflaton and the particle content of MSSM not only ensure a sufficiently low reheating temperature but also support a scenario of non-thermal leptogenesis consistently with the neutrino oscillation parameters.
Teacher Concerns and Attitudes During the Adoption Phase of One-to-One Computing in Early College High Schools

SOORMA, JYOTI. Teacher Concerns and Attitudes During the Adoption Phase of One-toOne Computing in Early College High Schools. (Under the direction of Dr. Ellen S. Vasu, Dr. Kevin M. Oliver, Dr. Tuere A. Bowles.) Ubiquitous computing has opened new opportunities for teaching and learning, and is transforming school learning environments. The popularity of one-to-one computing has been increasing rapidly, with more and more schools adopting this initiative. However, studies on past one-to-one initiatives have raised concerns over the proper adoption of technology into classrooms. To ensure successful implementation of a change generating initiative like one-to-one computing, schools should ensure buy-in and readiness of the stakeholders, especially the teachers. Understanding the teacher’s beliefs and attitudes towards technology, and addressing the teacher concerns is a critical step in ensuring the successful implementation of technology integration. The purpose of this basic qualitative study is to understand the beliefs, attitudes, and concerns of Early College High School teachers towards one-to-one computing, and the support the teachers need during the early adoption phase of the one-to-one computing initiative. The study was guided by the following research questions: What prior experiences do the teachers bring to one-to-one computing? What are the teachers’ beliefs, attitudes, and concerns towards one-to one computing? What support do the teachers need during the adoption phase of the computing initiative? Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and a focus group, and data were analyzed using the constant comparative method. The data analysis revealed that while teachers had a positive attitude towards the one-to-one computing initiative and its impact on students, the pedagogical beliefs differed among them. Also, a number of teacher concerns surfaced related to hardware and software support, professional development, classroom management, communication, and personal anxieties. Some of the major implications for practice identified are: need for developing a communication plan; restructuring of professional development to meet core curriculum technology standards and teacher-specific concerns; and on-going evaluative research to provide formative feedback during all phases of the implementation with respect to the goals of the one-to-to-one computing initiative for the schools. Teacher Concerns and Attitudes During the Adoption Phase of One-to-One Computing in Early College High Schools
Equivalent Circuit of Intrabody Communication Channels Inducing Conduction Currents Inside the Human Body

The physical channels establishing intrabody communications were first treated as capacitive circuits by Zimmerman. In Zimmerman's model, the human body is approximated as a perfect conductor. The equivalent-circuit parameters of the perfect conductor models can be strictly obtained based on electrostatic analyses; however, the perfect conductor models cannot be applied if conduction currents inside the human body are not negligible. In the present paper, a theory of the equivalent circuit for lossy conductors is described, and the physical mechanism of the communication channels inducing conduction currents inside the human body is addressed.
Does Inflation Cause Gold Prices? Evidence from G7 Countries

This paper utilises the newly proposed nonparametric causality-in-quantiles test to examine the predictability of returns and the volatility of gold based on inflation for G7 countries. The causality-in-quantiles approach permits us to test for not only causality in mean but also causality in variance. We start our investigation by utilising tests for nonlinearity. These tests identify nonlinearity, as the linear Granger causality tests are subject to misspecification error. Unlike tests of misspecified linear models, our nonparametric causality-in-quantiles tests find causality in mean and variance from inflation to gold returns via quantiles 0.20 to 0.70, implying that very low- and high-return movements in gold markets are not related to inflation. These changes in low- and high-level gold returns should be related to other sources, such as financial shocks and exchange market shocks. We find support that gold serves as a hedge against inflation, but only in the mid-quantile ranges, i.e., quantiles 0.20 to 0.70. Our results show that gold does not serve as a hedge against inflation during periods when gold returns are very low or very high, which are respectively quiet and highly volatile periods.
The State as Financial Intermediary

Start with two stylized facts about the modern state in advanced industrialized countries. One, the state's credit tends to be the best credit, better than that of business, ,households, or any (other) financial intermediary; better in the sense that the state borrows at the lowest rate. Two, the state's money tends to be the best money, better than bank deposits, credit cards (household), or trade credit (business); better in the sense that the state's money is a more universally acceptable means of payment. What is the reason behind these two facts? One view is that these two facts are actually one fact, in that both follow from the state's power to label certain instruments (the state's own issue) as legal tender money, which power makes the state's money trivially the best money. Further, since state debt is just a promise to pay the legal tender money issued by the state itself, there is no possibility of default, and hence state is also the best credit. There is something to this argument, but I am not convinced that things work like that except in extraordinary circumstances such as during wartime. A second view, the argument for which is sketched below, is that, at least in normal times, what makes one credit better than another, and one money better than another, involves a commercial, rather than a political, calculation. From this point of view, the two facts are different facts---f'elated facts to be sure-but different. Let's look at money first. Monetary systems are always structured hierarchically. Consider the gold standard system. There is a clear hierarchy from gold (the ultimate means of payment) to national currency, to bank deposits or notes, to other securities. The various layers of this hierarchy are knit together by a particular class of financial intermediary that we may call market-makers. Market-makers seek profits by taking a long position in
High precision RF transmit power calibration based on recursive least squares estimation

Radio frequency (RF) transmit power calibration plays an important role in the design of wireless transceivers. In order to accurately control the level of the transmit power, this paper proposes a mathematical model for the the RF front-end module with closed-loop power control. By transforming transmit power calibration into a signal estimation problem, we are able to apply the recursive least squares (RLS) filtering algorithm to adaptively adjust the parameters of RF power amplifier so that the output power level can converge to the target rapidly. Compared with the traditional calibration method, the proposed calibration algorithm delivers better RF transmit power accuracy with lower computational complexity. The empirical results show that the proposed method is able to reduce the transmit power error from ±1.5 to ±0.25 dB.
Low frequency of p16(INK4a) alterations in insulinomas.

BACKGROUND/AIMS The molecular mechanisms contributing to the tumorigenesis of insulinomas are poorly understood. Disruption of the cell cycle due to inactivation of the p16(INK4a) tumor-suppressor gene was identified in a variety of human tumors, including gastrinomas and nonfunctioning endocrine pancreatic carcinomas. In this study the role of p16(INK4a) in the tumorigenesis of insulinomas was evaluated. METHODS Seventeen insulinomas (14 benign, 3 malignant) were analyzed for genetic alterations in the p16(INK4a) tumor-suppressor gene by SSCP, PCR-based deletion and methylation-specific assays. p16 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS One malignant insulinoma showed a homozygous deletion of p16(INK4a) and another two benign insulinomas revealed aberrant methylation of the p16(INK4a) promoter region. All three tumors lacked p16 expression according to immunohistochemistry. None of the insulinomas carried intragenic p16(INK4a) mutations. In total, 17% of insulinomas had p16(INK4a) alterations. CONCLUSIONS The p16(INK4a) tumor-suppressor gene contributes to tumorigenesis in only a small subset of insulinomas.
Early blood glucose control and mortality in critically ill patients in Australia*

Objective:To measure temporal trends in blood glucose (BG) control and describe their association with hospital mortality in a cohort of critically ill patients from Australia. Design:Interrogation of prospectively collected data from the Australia New Zealand Intensive Care Society Adult Patient Database. Setting:Twenty-four intensive care units (ICU) across Australia. Patients and Participants:A cohort of 66,184 adult ICU admissions for ≥24 hours from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2005. Interventions:None. Measurements and Main Results:Highest and lowest BG values within 24 hours of ICU admission, standard demographic, clinical, and physiologic data, and hospital mortality. Medical, mechanically ventilated surgical, cardiac surgical, and septic subgroups were evaluated. Average BG was evaluated as a continuous variable and by quartiles (low [<5.6 mmol/L], near normal [5.6–8.69 mmol/L], high [8.69–11.79 mmol/L], and highest [>11.79 mmol/L]). There were 132,368 BG values, with a mean (95% confidence intervals) value 8.69 mmol/L (8.66–8.73). There was no trend in BG for the entire cohort (p = 0.66) over the study period; yet, BG increased after 2002 (0.17 mmol/L, p < 0.0001). The mechanically ventilated surgical and cardiac surgical subgroups had decreasing trends in BG (p < 0.001), whereas the septic subgroup had an increasing BG trend (p < 0.001). BG in the low, high, and highest quartiles, compared with the near-normal quartile, were consistently associated with higher hospital mortality in crude (odds ratio 1.31, 1.58, and 2.00) and multivariable analysis (odds ratio 1.29, 1.07, and 1.10), respectively. This association was similarly shown for the mechanically ventilated surgical and cardiac surgical subgroups. Conclusions:In a large cohort of ICU patients from Australia, there was no significant change in early glycemic control from 2000 to 2005. There were differences in selected subgroups. Average BG decreased in surgical subgroups, whereas it increased in septic patients. Both high and early low BG values were independently associated with hospital mortality.
Marginal microleakage of alternative restorative treatment and conventional glass ionomer restorations in extracted primary molars.

PURPOSE The objective of this study was to compare the marginal leakage of cervical glass ionomer restorations made using alternative restorative treatment (ART) and conventional restoration techniques. METHODS Twenty primary molars with Class V carious dentin on the buccal surfaces were prepared using ART, and a second set of 20 noncarious molars had Class V preparations made with a high-speed handpiece. The occlusal margin was located in enamel and the gingival margin in dentin/cementum. All teeth were restored with high-density glass ionomer cement (GIC; Fuji IXgp) according to manufacturers' instructions, thermally stressed for 300 cycles, and stained with methylene blue. Samples were sectioned and evaluated for microleakage. RESULTS One-way analysis of variance revealed no statistically significant difference between leakage at margins of ART and conventional restorations. (P=.92) There was no significant difference between leakage at the enamel and dentin margins. CONCLUSIONS Alternative restorative treatment with high-density glass ionomer cement provides enamel and dentin margins that show marginal leakage comparable to conventionally restored primary teeth. These results show the potential of ART in conjunction with high-density GIC in providing treatment for children and adolescents in situations where traditional cavity preparation and restoration is not possible.
Neuroanatomical correlates of psychopathology in antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenia

Background: Previous Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) studies using manual techniques reporting significant relationship between psychopathology and gray matter volume in schizophrenia are limited by various confounding factors. None used automated image analysis to examine gray matter volume correlates of psychopathology in antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenia patients. Aim: This study aimed at examining the relationship between psychopathology and gray matter volume abnormalities in antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenia patients. Patients and Methods: MRI of 30 antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenia (DSM-IV) patients and 27 age-, sex- education- and handedness-matched healthy controls were compared for gray matter volume differences using Optimized Voxel-based Morphometry (VBM)-an automated, rapid and unbiased technique. Psychopathology was measured using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) with good inter-rater reliability. The correlations between PANSS scores and gray matter volume were examined using VBM. Results: Schizophrenia patients had significant gray matter volume deficits in frontal, cingulate, temporal, insula and precuneus cortices; thalamus, caudate and cerebellum. Positive syndrome score had significant negative correlation with left superior temporal gyrus volume. Negative syndrome score had significant inverse correlation with frontal, cingulate and cerebellar gray matter volumes. Conclusions: Cortical and cerebellar gray matter volume deficits and their significant negative correlations with psychopathology scores are supportive of ‘Cognitive Dysmetria’ in schizophrenia.
Coactivator as a target gene specificity determinant for histone H3 lysine 4 methyltransferases

Activating signal cointegrator-2 (ASC-2), a coactivator of multiple transcription factors that include retinoic acid receptor (RAR), associates with histone H3-K4 methyltranferases (H3K4MTs) MLL3 and MLL4 in mixed-lineage leukemia. Here, we show that mice expressing a SET domain mutant of MLL3 share phenotypes with isogenic ASC2+/− mice and that expression and H3-K4 trimethylation of RAR target gene RAR-β2 are impaired in ASC-2-null mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) or in MEFs expressing siRNAs against both MLL3 and MLL4. We also show that MLL3 and MLL4 are found in distinct ASC-2-containing complexes rather than in a common ASC-2 complex, and they are recruited to RAR-β2 by ASC-2. In contrast, RAR-β2 expression is intact in MEFs devoid of menin, a component of MLL1 and MLL2 H3K4MT complexes. These results suggest that ASC-2 confers target gene specificity to MLL3 and MLL4 H3K4MT complexes and that recruitment of H3K4MTs to their target genes generally involves interactions between integral components of H3K4MT complexes and transcription factors.
Green's formulation for chirowaveguides

A Green integral formulation of the boundary value problem in chirowaveguides with translational symmetry and the application to the rectangular case are presented in this paper. The Green equations for the two eigenmodes in unbounded chiral media, i.e. right and left circularly polarized waves, are formulated in terms of the Hankel functions. By splitting the waveguide contour into a finite number of intervals, the equations are discretized and a homogeneous system of equations can be obtained. The number of unknowns is reduced to the half by applying the relations between the longitudinal components and their normal derivatives at the metallic contours. The method has been used for modeling the rectangular waveguide and the dispersion diagram and the field structure for some propagation modes are presented.
Implementation of the web-based learning in PhD education

One of the continuing challenges of education is enabling those who attempt to improve teaching and learning to take advantage of the rapidly changing new environment created by information and communication technologies. To do so, educators should engage in re-assessing learning and teaching practices and use new technologies to enhance educational process and support collaboration. This paper has tried to clarify the nature and concept of web-based learning and some of the issues and implications of the learning and teaching within a web-based learning environment.
Political environment in the effect of the regional government financial performance on disclosure of financial information on website

This study aims to analyze the effect of financial performance of local governments towards the disclosure compliance of financial information on the website, as well as the political environment as a moderating variable for the effect of the financial performance of local governments towards disclosure compliance of financial infor-mation on the website. The study was conducted at the local government in Sulawesi with the sample consisting of 53 governments. The data were analyzed by partial least square (PLS). The results showed that good financial performance of local governments can encourage disclosure compliance of financial information on the website. This study also found that the political environment cannot moderate the effect of the financial performance towards the disclosure compliance of financial information on the website. This is due to the people who are interested more in paper-based reporting. The implication of this study was to encourage related re-search as well as encouraging local governments to use website as a media for finan-cial information reporting. Gorontalo district government is local government, which has excellent financial performance with complete disclosure of financial information on the website.
ASSET PRICES ARE BROWNIAN MOTION: ONLY IN BUSINESS TIME

AbstractThis paper argues that asset price processes arising from market clearing conditions should be modeled as pure jump processes, with no continuous martingale component. However, we show that continuity and normality can always be obtained after a time change. We study various examples of time changes and show that in all cases they are related to measures of economic activity. For the most general class of processes, the time change is a size-weighted sum of order arrivals. The paper provides a number of new processes for modeling prices. Characteristic functions for these processes are also given in closed form.
Morphometric analysis of craniofacial features in mono- and dizygotic twins discordant for unilateral cleft lip and palate.

OBJECTIVE To compare craniofacial differences between twins discordant for surgically repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate (CLP) during the developmental ages and to test the effect of zygosity on the shape and size of the craniofacial skeleton of the same twins by means of thin plate spline (TPS) analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lateral and posteroanterior (PA) cephalometric films from 19 sets of monozygotic (MZ) twins (15 male and 4 female) and 10 dizygotic (DZ) twins (7 male and 3 female) were analyzed. TPS analysis evaluated statistically significant differences in the craniofacial shape and size between affected and unaffected twins within MZ and DZ twin couples. RESULTS No statistically significant differences in craniofacial shape or size between CLP and non-CLP MZ or DZ twins were observed. The level of morphological similarity in CLP vs non-CLP MZ twins was statistically greater than in DZ twins. CONCLUSIONS Morphometric analysis showed that surgically repaired CLP does not produce significant shape or size differences in the craniofacial features of MZ or DZ twins discordant for unilateral CLP.
Carbon Democracy Political Power In The Age Of Oil

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