Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Polymorphisms in hormone-sensitive lipase and leptin receptor genes and their association with growth traits in Barki lambs

Background and Aim: Marker-assisted selection has many advantages over conventional selection in animal breeding. The candidate gene approach has been applied to identify genetic markers associated with economically important traits in livestock. This study was established to investigate variation in the hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and leptin receptor (LEPR) genes, and their association with growth traits in Barki lambs. Materials and Methods: Records for birth weight (BW), pre-weaning average daily gain (ADG1), weaning weight (WW), post-weaning average daily gain (ADG2), and marketing weight (MW) were obtained from 247 Barki lambs. Polymerase chain reaction–single-stranded conformational polymorphism analyses were used to detect variation in exon 9 of HSL and exon 19 of LEPR. General linear models were used to test for associations between the variation in ovine HSL and LEPR, and growth traits. Results: The SSCP banding patterns for HSL showed three variants (H1, H2, and H3), which contained two nucleotide-sequence differences (c.1865C>T and c.2038T>C). Two SSCP banding patterns (L1 and L2) were observed for LEPR and these contained two nucleotide-sequence differences (c.2800G>A and c.2978C>G). The HSL genotype showed no effect on the studied traits. The LEPR genotype was proven to have significant effects (p<0.05) on ADG2 and MW. The presence of the L1 variant was associated (p<0.01) with decreased ADG2 and MW. Conclusion: The finding of an association between LEPR gene variation and growth rate after weaning in Barki lambs warrants efforts to improve this trait.
Effects of Exit Tube Diameter on the Flow Field in Cyclones

A number of cyclones with different exit tube diameters have been simulated with CFD in this study. Results show that the exit tube diameter influences not only the velocity magnitude, but also the shape of the velocity profiles within cyclones. Depending on the diameter of the exit tube, the axial velocity profiles can exhibit a either maximum or a minimum on the axis. If the exit tube diameter is small, the central flow has a jet-like appearance. On the other hand, axial velocity dip in the profile can be observed near the center in a cyclone with a large gas exit tube. In addition, the well-known double vortexes, which commonly are present in a cyclone of practical design, do not exist in a cyclone with an excessively large exit tube. Quantitative comparison of velocity distribution shows that the tangential velocity increases as the exit tube diameter is reduced, giving rise to higher particle collection efficiency. Usually, the pressure drop decreases with increasing exit tube diameter. However, if the exit tube size is excessively large, the pressure drop may start to increase. Practically, cyclone with an excessively large exit tube should be avoided.
Rare-Earth Metal Bis(dimethylsilyl)amide Complexes Supported by Cyclooctatetraenyl Ligands

Monomeric cyclooctatetraenyl rare-earth metal complexes (COT)LnI(thf)3 were examined by X-ray structure analysis for Ln = La and Sm being isostructural to the Nd and Ce congeners. Reaction of the lanthanum derivative with excess AlMe3 led to partial thf displacement and dimerization to [(COT)La(μ-I)(thf)2]2. I–/[N(SiHMe2)2]– salt metathetic ligand exchange involving (COT)LnI(thf)3 (Ln = La, Nd, Sm) and Li[N(SiHMe2)2] did not give putative {(COT)Ln[N(SiHMe2)2](thf)x}. Instead, depending on the metal size, the mixed iodide/amide ate complexes (COT)Ln(μ-I)2{μ-N(SiHMe2)2}Ln(COT)][Li(thf)4] (Ln = Nd, Sm) and (COT)La(μ-I)[μ-N(SiHMe2)2]2La[μ-(η2:η8-COT)]Li(thf)3 were obtained and identified by X-ray structure analyses. In thf solvent, these heteroleptic complexes undergo ligand redistribution to (COT)Ln[μ-(η2:η8-COT)]Li(thf)3, whose solid-state structures were also analyzed by X-ray diffraction (Ln = Nd, Sm). Utilization of K[N(SiHMe2)2] afforded alkali-metal-free (COT)La[N(SiHMe2)2](thf)2 in good yield, whose monomeric composition was determined by X-ray structure analysis. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
The enhancing antibio�lm activity of curcumin on Streptococcus mutans strains from severe early childhood caries

Background Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is one of the main cariogenic bacteria for caries. It was found that the clinical strains of S. mutans isolated from caries active population have stronger cariogenic ability than the isolates from caries-free (CF) people. Previous studies have found that curcumin can inhibit bio�lm formation of S. mutans UA159. The objective of this study is to explore the antibio�lm effect of curcumin on the clinical isolates of S. mutans from severe early childhood caries(SECC). Results The isolates from SECC group had more biomass than CF group (t = 4.296, P < 0.001). The acidogenicity and aciduricity of the strains from two groups showed no signi�cant difference. After treatment with curcumin, the viability of bio�lm was reduced to 61.865%±7.108% in SECC and to 84.059%±10.227% in CF group at 24 h (P < 0.05). The net reduction of live bacteria and total bacteria in the SECC group was signi�cantly higher than that of the CF group (live bacteria t = 3.305, P = 0.016; total bacteria t = 2.378, P = 0.045) at 5min. For 24h, the net reduction of live bacteria and total bacteria in the SECC group was signi�cantly higher than that of the CF group (live bacteria t = 3.305, P = 0.016; total bacteria t = 2.378, P = 0.045). The reduction of bio�lm thickness reduced signi�cantly in 5min (t = 4.110, P = 0.015) and in 24h (t = 3.453, P = 0.014). Long-term (24h) curcumin treatment inhibited the amount of EPS in SECC group from (25.980±1.156) μm 3 /μm 2 to (20.136±1.042) μm 3 /μm 2 , the difference was statistically signi�cant (t = 7.510, P < 0.001). The gene of gtfC, gtfD, ftf, gbpB, fruA and srtA in the CF group and the gtfB, gtfC, gtfD, ftf, gbpB, srtA in SECC group were respectively reduced after 5min curcumin treatment. After 24h treatment, the gtfB, gtfC, gtfD, ftf, gbpB, fruA and srtA in both two groups were downregulation, all the differences were statistically signi�cant.
Deep Learning Architectures and Techniques for Multi-organ Segmentation

Deep learning architectures used for automatic multi-organ segmentation in the medical field have gained increased attention in the last years as the results and achievements outweighed the older techniques. Due to improvements in the computer hardware and the development of specialized network designs, deep learning segmentation presents exciting developments and opportunities also for future research. Therefore, we have compiled a review of the most interesting deep learning architectures applicable to medical multi-organ segmentation. We have summarized over 50 contributions, most of which are more recent than 3 years. The papers were grouped into three categories based on the architecture: “Convolutional Neural Networks” (CNNs), “Fully Convolutional Neural Networks” (FCNs) and hybrid architectures that combine more designs - including “Generative Adversarial Networks” (GANs) or “Recurrent Neural Networks” (RNNs). Afterwards we present the most used multi-organ datasets, and we finalize by making a general discussion of current shortcomings and future potential research paths.
Observations on the Fe‐Cr‐O System

An isothermal phase diagram for the Fe-Cr-O system is presented for 1300°C which, with a minor modification, holds for 1000°C. It is observed that Fe-Cr alloys containing over 13% Cr are in equilibrium with Cr2O3 containing a little dissolved Fe2O3. Alloys of lower chromium content are in equilibrium with iron chromite of variable composition of the type FeCr2O4. Evidence is presented indicating that when the spinel forms next to the metal a pronounced internal oxidation occurs. However, higher chromium alloys with Cr2O3 next to the metal show no tendency for internal oxidation. An oxygen pressure-composition diagram for the entire system is also presented. Finally, marker experiments made during the oxidation of 20% Cr and 30% Cr alloys suggest that Cr2O3 is formed almost entirely by cation (Cr+3) diffusion.
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE STRESS RELAXATION CURVES OF SOLID FOODS

Relaxation curves of Agar gel, apple, bologna sausage, bread, cheddar cheese, pear and potato specimens, at various deformation levels, were normalized and fitted to the equation: [F0 - F(t)J /F, = abt/(1 + bt) where F, is the initial force, f(t) the force after time t and a and b constants. Unlike other equations (e.g. a series of exponential terms derived from a Maxwellian model), this equation contains only two constants and these are directly related to the curve shape features. This enables simple comparison between the shape characteristics of curves of different materials. Similarly, the equation facilitates quantitative evaluation of the effects of the straining history on the shape of the stress relaxation curves of solid foods.
Recent advances in understanding migration systems of new world landbirds

Ourunderstanding ofmigratory birds’ year-round ecology and evolution remains patchy despite recent fundamental advances. Periodic reviews focus future research and inform conservation and management; here, we take advantage of our combined experiences working on Western Hemisphere avian migration systems to highlight recent lessons and critical gaps in knowledge. Among topics discussed are: (1) The pipeline from pure to applied researchers leaves room for improvement. (2) Population limitation and regulation includes both seasonal and between-season interactions. (3) The study of movements of small-bodied species remains a major research frontier. (4) We must increase our understanding of population connectivity. (5) With few exceptions, population regulation has barely been investigated. (6) We have increasingly integrated landscape configuration of habitats, large-scale habitat disturbances, and habitat quality impacts into models of seasonal and overall demographic success. (7) The post-breeding season (late summer for latitudinal migrants) is increasingly appreciated for its impacts on demography. (8) We recognize the diverse ways that avian brood parasites, nest predators, and food availability affect demography. (9) Source–sink and meta-population models help us understand migratory avian distributions among fragmented habitats. (10) Manuscript received 6 March 2009; accepted 20 April 2009. Corresponding Editor: J. M. Marzluff. 18 E-mail: faaborgj@missouri.edu 19 Present address: Natural Resources Branch, EV2 Environmental Planning, NAVFAC Pacific, 258 Makalapa Drive, Suite 1000, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii 96860-3134 USA. 20 Present address: Wildlife Health Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616 USA. Advances in modeling have improved estimates of annual survival and fecundity, but for few species. (11) Populations can be limited by ecological conditions in winter, but habitat needs are poorly known for most species at this time. (12) Migration tends to occupy broad spatial fronts that may change seasonally or when migrants cross major barriers. (13) En route conditions can limit migrant populations; linking migration habitat quality indicators to fitness or population consequences presents a major challenge. (14) A variety of intra-tropical Neotropical migration patterns are recognizable, but almost nothing is known about these systems beyond descriptions of a few typical species’ movements. (15) Global climate change scenarios predict range and phenology shifts of Neotropical migrant bird populations that must be considered in conservation plans. Future studies will depend on new technologies and the integration of modelingwith sophisticated, large spatial scalemeasurement andparameter estimation; whether the pace of research and management involving migratory birds can match the growth of environmental threats remains to be seen.
Barriers to AV Bus Acceptance: A National Survey and Research Agenda

ABSTRACT Automated Vehicle (AV) buses hold great potential, yet it is not clear if Americans will choose to ride them. Trust and attitudes, often influenced by individual differences, are vital predictors of technology acceptance and AVs are no exception. To deepen our understanding of individual differences as they pertain to AV buses, this paper presents the results of a national survey of 401 participants located in the United States of America. Findings from this survey indicate that individual differences influenced trust, attitude, and intention to ride AV buses. Specifically, trust in AV buses differed by individual’s age and bus riding frequencies while attitude toward AV buses differed by individual’s age, ethnicity, and bus riding frequency. Finally, intention to ride an AV bus differed by age, gender, ethnicity, and bus riding frequency. Based on these results, we propose a research agenda that seeks to inform future research on acceptance of AV buses.
The Journal of Toxicological Sciences

Rodent in vivo carcinogenicity bioassays are required for human risk assessment and have been utilized in this capacity for decades. Accordingly, there is an abundance of data that could be accessed and analyzed to better understand the translatability of xenobiotic-induced rodent tumors to human risk assessment. In the past decade, various groups have published assessments of the value garnered by these life-time rodent studies. Results and recommendations from the International Council for Harmonization Expert Working Group (ICH-S1 EWG) on the predictability of the current testing paradigm and proposal for an integrated approach to human carcinogenicity risk assessment are pending. Central nervous system (CNS) tumors in rats are rare and translatability to human remains unknown. This review focuses on microglial cell tumors (MCT) of the CNS in rats including its classification, nomenclature, incidence and translatability to human risk assessment. Based on emerging immunohistochemistry (IHC) characterization, glial tumors previously thought of astrocytic origin are more likely MCTs. These may be considered rodent specific and glucose dysregulation may be one component contributing to their formation. Based on review of the literature, MCTs are rarely diagnosed in humans, thus this tumor type may be rat-specific. We propose to include MCTs as a tumor type in revised International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria (INHAND) classification and all glial tumors to be classified as MCTs unless proven otherwise by IHC.
Two-Dimensional Correlation Analysis of Peptide Unfolding: Molecular Dynamics Simulations of β Hairpins

We have studied the mechanism of formation of a 16-residue β hairpin from the protein GB1 using molecular dynamics simulations in an aqueous environment. Essential dynamics (ED) analysis was performed on the combined trajectories of two separate simulations at five different temperatures. Generalized 2D correlation analysis was performed using the displacements from the ED analysis as a dynamic spectrum. The results of the 2D correlation analysis illustrate the correlated structural changes as the temperature is increased. The asynchronous 2D correlation spectrum reveals the existence of sequential events in the unfolding of the peptide. The order of structural changes suggested by such an analysis support the hydrophobic collapse mechanism of folding for the β-hairpin fragment of protein GB1. The 2D correlation method combined with ED analysis can provide a useful scheme for studying the characteristics of dynamical structural changes which are important in understanding the function of protein and the m.
Toolkit: How the Mushroom Bodies

10 The robust navigation of insects arises from the coordinated action of concurrently functioning and 11 interacting guidance systems. Computational models of specific brain regions can account for 12 isolated behaviours such as path integration or route following but the neural mechanisms by 13 which their outputs are coordinated remains unknown. Here we take a functional modelling 14 approach to identify and model the elemental guidance subsystems required by homing insects 15 before producing realistic adaptive behaviours by integrating their outputs in a biologically 16 constrained unified model mapped onto identified neural circuits. Homing paths are quantitatively 17 and qualitatively compared with real ant data in a series of simulation studies replicating key infield 18 experiments. Our analysis reveals that insects require independent visual homing and route 19 following capabilities which we show can be realised by encoding panoramic skylines in the 20 frequency domain, using image processing circuits in the optic lobe and learning pathways through 21 the Mushroom Bodies and Anterior Optic Tubercle respectively before converging in the Central 22 Complex steering circuit. Further we demonstrate that a ring-attractor network inspired by firing 23 patterns recorded in the Central Complex can optimally integrate the outputs of path integration 24 and visual homing systems guiding simulated ants back to their familiar route, and a simple 25 non-linear weighting function driven by the output of the Mushroom Bodies provides a 26 context-dependent switch allowing route following strategies to dominate and the learned route 27 retraced back to the nest when familiar terrain is encountered. The outcome is a biologically 28 realistic neural model capable of reproducing an array of adaptive homing behaviours in realistic 29 environments through the combined action of the Central Complex and the Mushroom Bodies 30 neuropils forwarding the case for a distributed architecture of the insect navigational toolkit. 31
Living on the Edge: Data Transmission, Storage, and Analytics in Continuous Sensing Environments

Voluminous time-series data streams produced in continuous sensing environments (CSEs) impose challenges pertaining to ingestion, storage, and analytics. In this study, we present a holistic approach based on data sketching to address these issues. We propose a hyper-sketching algorithm which combines discretization and frequency-based sketching to produce compact representations of the multi-feature, time-series data streams. We generate an ensemble of data sketches to make effective use of capabilities at the resource-constrained edge devices, the links over which data are transmitted, and the server pool where this data must be stored. The data sketches can be queried to construct datasets that are amenable to processing using popular analytical engines. We include several performance benchmarks using real-world data from different domains to profile the suitability of our design decisions. The proposed methodology can achieve up to ∼ 13× and ∼ 2207× reduction in data transfer and energy consumption at edge devices. We observe up to a ∼ 50% improvement in analytical job completion times in addition to the significant improvements in disk and network I/O.
Quantitative structure–activity relationship modeling of bioconcentration factors of polychlorinated biphenyls

The bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of 57 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners were modeled by quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) based on 486 constitutional, topological, geometrical, electrostatic, quantum chemical, and thermodynamic descriptors derived solely from molecular structure and calculated using CODESSA Pro (comprehensive descriptors for structural and statistical analysis) software. Descriptors utilized for the general model were selected by various statistical validation techniques. Multilinear models were developed using the best multilinear regression algorithm to relate experimental BCF to a set of molecular descriptors. The proposed two-parameter model satisfactorily describes the relationship between observed and calculated values in terms of statistical parameters. Polarity, structural flexibility, and spatial mass distribution of a molecule were demonstrated to be the main factors influencing the ability of PCB to (1) penetrate through lipophilic cell membranes and (2) bind specifically and nonspecifically to biological targets, hence affecting BCF. Comparison to other models indicated advantages of the proposed model over previously reported ones. Derived two-parameter regression equation has improved statistics and is based on theoretical descriptors with a definite physicochemical meaning; it is easier to use and interpret due to the mathematical simplicity of the linear QSAR approach. Internal validation and scrambling procedure confirmed the stability and reliable predictive ability of the general model and indicated the absence of chance correlations. External validation demonstrated that the presented model can be applied to structurally similar sets of compounds, thus extending the domain of applicability of the model.
Note on the Paramagnetic Resonance of Iron in Glass

Fe+ + + and Fe+ + ions in glass have been studied by means of paramagnetic resonance. The correlation of the Fe+ + + concentration with an intense resonance at g=4.27 shows the resonance is due to Fe+ + +. A theory is proposed explaining the observed g value and the implications for the atomic surroundings of Fe+ + + are discussed. It is also proposed that the g=6 resonance observed in glass by Sands is due to Fe+ + +.
I. Specific adsorption

The adsorption/desorption process of borate was studied at Pt(111) in acidic solution by cyclic voltammetry. A so-called butterfly wave in the cyclic voltammogram of Pt(111) in HClO4 shifted to negative direction upon the addition of boric acid with the disappearance of its sharp spikes. The shift in potential was found to be −57 mV with a tenfold increase of boric acid concentration. This illustrates that this anomalous wave is due to borate adsorption/desorption by a one-electron transfer process. The borate adsorption/desorption wave was observed to shift by −63 mV/pH. At pH>3, the anomalous wave splits forming two separate waves, depending on the pH and the scan rate. The appearance of two waves is assigned to the change in the adsorption mode of borate or the participation of OH in the adsorption process.
Visualizations of Multiple Probability Measures for SARS-CoV-2 Genomes

SARS-CoV-2 genomes are collected from various open source genomic banks. A set of SARS-CoV-2 genomes are selected for visualization under both the A3 and C1 modules of the metagenomic analysis system MAS. Multiple probability measures are mapped as relevant 1D histograms, and it is convenient to observe distinct differences among various distributions to organize similar patterns into relevant groups. Sample genomes were processed, and their visual results were illustrated.
A field experiment to study the behavior of tetrachloroethylene in unsaturated porous media

This study examines the effect of source release rate and porous media heterogeneity on the spatial distribution of pure liquid-phase tetrachloroethylene (PCE) in the unsaturated zone of a naturally occurring, sandy aquifer. Two 6-L releases were conducted, one allowing PCE to pond and rapidly infiltrate over a period of minutes, the other allowing PCE to slowly stream into the subsurface over a period of hours. Upon excavation, it was found that the PCE residual was distributed heterogeneously at the scale of millimeters in response to the fine-scale structure of the sands