Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Forensic Eye and the Public Mind: The Bertillon System of Crime Scene Photography

In fin de siècle France, Alphonse Bertillon—best known for his widely adopted system of criminal identification—pursued “other applications” for judicial photography, suggesting that photography might be used to procure “an exact, complete, and impartial” view of “locales, things, and beings. ” Photography, Bertillon was suggesting, could preserve a crime scene. In many ways, crime scene photography seems like the logical fulfillment of what Allan Sekula termed the “evidentiary promise” of photography. Understanding crime scene photography as a form of evidence places it in the realm of empirical science, with the photograph preserving proof of misdeeds and aiding the detective's forensic pursuit of truth. But, perhaps surprisingly, this was not the use that Bertillon foresaw for crime scene photography. Instead he suggested that crime scene photography was destined for the courtroom, and for the eyes of the jury. There it would not be a vehicle of objective proof, but rather an emotional catalyst for conviction. This paper examines the Bertillon system of crime scene photography as a rhetorical strategy calibrated for emotional impact, showing how it attempted to move viewers from the space of investigation and uncertainty to the space of conviction.
The search for mechanisms of behavior change in evidence-based behavioral treatments for alcohol use disorders: overview.

BACKGROUND Over the past three decades, the main question of interest to alcohol treatment researchers has concerned the main effects of a particular behavioral intervention or what works. Increasingly, alcohol treatment researchers are turning their attention to the underlying psychological, social, and even neurophysiologic processes or "active ingredients" that are driving therapeutic change. METHOD The articles contained in this supplement to Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research grew out of invited presentations given at a one-day satellite session immediately preceding the 28th Annual Meeting of the Research Society on Alcoholism (RSA). The conference was a collaborative effort of the Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addiction at the University of New Mexico, the Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University, Brown University, and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health. RESULTS The conference featured a mix of full-length presentations on conceptual and methodological issues, reports of original research findings, and lively discussion among speakers and conference participants. Understanding mechanisms of behavior change will benefit the field by identifying the key aspects of therapy that must be present for maximum effect, irrespective of the specific technique being applied; provide a new way to approach patient-treatment interactions; and lay the groundwork for understanding how change is affected by social and other extratreatment factors. CONCLUSIONS Although not a new topic to the field, understanding mechanisms of behavior change has begun to capture the interest of an increasing number of alcohol treatment researchers. Understanding behavior change is an exceedingly complex enterprise and innovative thinking and creative research designs will be required to advance the field.
A PC-based medical image analysis system for brain CT hemorrhage area extraction

A PC-based medical image analysis system for extracting the brain CT hemorrhage area is developed. Two kinds of segmentation method are investigated: a fuzzy Hopfield neural net (FHNN) and a possibilistic Hopfield neural net (PHNN), for classifying the histogram of hemorrhage images, and the near-optimal threshold values can then be found. In addition, a function for professional doctors to extract the hematoma area is also included. The manual extraction areas are compared to those of the automatic extraction system and the average accuracy can be estimated. The FHNN is a neural net-based classification method for the fuzzy c-means algorithm. It has been proposed for automatic CT and MRI image segmentation in order to extract regions of interest. In addition, we have developed the PHNN as a new algorithm for classification. It has been developed by embedding the objective function of possibilistic c-means into the energy function of a modified Hopfield neural net. Thus, a near-optimal solution can be found by minimizing the energy function.
Electrical Stimulation for Intraoperative Evaluation of Thoracic Pedicle Screw Placement

Study Design. Thoracic pedicle screws were stimulated electrically while recording electromyography (EMG) activity in associated muscle groups intraoperatively. Screw position was then evaluated after surgery using computed tomography (CT). The CT results were compared with evoked EMG threshold values. Objective. To report our experience with pedicle screw stimulation in thoracic vertebrae in 22 patients who underwent thoracic level spinal instrumentation from May 1999 to March 2001. Summary of Background Data. Pedicle screw stimulation for intraoperative assessment of screw placement has been reported in lumbosacral spinal procedures. Evoked EMG thresholds >10 or 11 mA are associated with increased probability of vertebral cortex violation and postoperative complications. Thresholds >15 mA provide a 98% confidence of accurate screw positioning on postoperative CT scans. Methods. Evoked EMG activity was recorded from ulnar carpal flexors, intercostals, or abdominal muscle groups, depending on the level of screw placement. Postoperative CT scans were read by a staff orthopedic spine surgeon, a senior resident in orthopedics, and a musculoskeletal radiologist. Results. Results of 87 screws are reported. Five screws (5.7%) showed penetration on postoperative CT scans. Six screws (6.9%) had stimulation thresholds ≤11 mA, of which three showed cortical breakthrough. Of the 81 screws with thresholds >11 mA, 79 (97.5%) were within the vertebra. No postoperative neurologic complications were noted in any of the 22 patients. Conclusion. These results are consistent with previous studies of lumbosacral pedicle screws. In this series, stimulation thresholds >11 mA have a 97.5% negative predictive value, suggesting that cortical violation is highly unlikely. Although judgment of screw placement should not depend solely on stimulation thresholds, pedicle screw stimulation may provide rapid and useful intraoperative information on screw placement during procedures involving the use of thoracic pedicle screws.
Corporate Mandatory and Voluntary Disclosure Practices in Bangladesh: Evidence from listed companies of Dhaka Stock Exchange

This paper investigates the extent and level of mandatory and voluntary disclosure practice of companies in Bangladesh. The paper has been conducted on the sample of 54 listed companies in Bangladesh for a data period of 2010 to 2013. This paper also reports the results of the association between company specific characteristics and mandatory as well as voluntary disclosure of the sample companies. Findings indicate on an average 71% of the companies analyzed disclose above-average number of additional information. The explanatory analyses has shown that firm size in terms of total asset and status of the company significantly and positively affect the level and extent of voluntary disclosure in the annual report of Bangladeshi companies. In case of mandatory disclosure level results point out that companies in general have not reacted adequately to the mandatory disclosure requirements of the regulatory bodies. The study reveals that disclosure compliance is poor among listed companies. They disclosed an average of 50.62% of the items selected during the study period of 2010 to 2013. The minimum score found in the study is 20.89% and the maximum is 77.08%. Using panel data regression analysis this study has found that company age and the status of the company (industry type) have appeared to be significant factors for mandatory disclosure. On the other hand company size in terms of total asset and sales, and company profitability was also found to have no effect on mandatory disclosure. Keywords: Mandatory disclosure, Voluntary disclosure, Disclosure index, Bangladeshi companies, Corporate Governance.
Neurocognitive Function Following Remission in Major Depressive Disorder: Potential Objective Marker of Response?

Objective: Neurocognitive deficits have been widely reported in patients with mood disorders. However, relatively little is known of the short-term trajectory of neurocognitive improvement once treatment has been initiated. Method: A neurocognitive test battery was administered to unipolar depressed (major depressive disorder, MDD) patients (aged 18–65 years) who had been medication-free for at least 6 weeks, and to healthy controls. Patients were then treated according to clinical need, predominantly with standard pharmacotherapy, and all participants were followed up within 6 months. Results: Of the 25 MDD patients who returned at follow up, 11 were defined as remitted and 14 as not remitted. Significantly less baseline psychomotor dysfunction was observed in patients who remitted compared to those who did not (effect size, d =0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI) =0.07–1.44). Analysis of the change scores between assessments revealed a significantly greater improvement in verbal memory in patients who remitted compared to those who did not (d =0.73, 95%CI =0.03–1.39). Conclusions: This preliminary report suggests that there may be distinct temporal trajectories of neurocognitive improvement following remission in MDD. Aspects of neurocognitive functioning should be examined further as a means of providing a useful objective marker of treatment response.
Effect of vertical angle spread of multi-cluster on MIMO-OTA spatial channel emulation

The MIMO OTA (over the air) measurement systems, emulate the propagation environment in premises, are actively discussed. The propagation environment emulated by the MIMO OTA system is usually easy to re-produce and can precisely compare the performance of different antenna configurations or terminals under exactly the same propagation environment. This paper investigated the effect of vertical angle spread of multi-cluster on MIMO-OTA ( multi-input multi-output-over the air ) spatial channel emulation. Two models which have two clusters are compared with the single cluster model, in terms of correlation coefficients as well as average channel capacity.
Co‐expression of ghrelin and its receptor in pancreatic endocrine tumours

Objective Expression of ghrelin has been reported in pancreatic endocrine tumours, but data on ghrelin receptor protein expression are lacking. The aim of this study was to examine the ghrelin receptor, as well as ghrelin, in a selected series of these tumours, including multiple endocrine neoplasia 1 (MEN1) associated tumours, and to correlate data with clinical features including body mass index.
Pagetoid dyskeratosis of the nipple epidermis: an incidental finding mimicking Paget's disease of the nipple

Pagetoid dyskeratosis (PD) is considered a selective keratinocytic response in which a small part of the normal population of pale keratinocytes is induced to proliferate. PD has been found incidentally in the squamous epithelium of the skin and mucosas in various locations, but not in the nipple. In cases in which PD cells are conspicuous, there is the danger of overdiagnosis. In a retrospective study, we describe the location and incidence of PD and other pale cells in the nipple epidermis, in 288 mastectomy specimens from women operated on for breast carcinoma, in situ or infiltrating, selected consecutively from our histopathologic files. In addition to the conventional histologic methods an immunohistochemical study was performed in selected cases. PD was found in 184 (63.9%) cases and was a prominent finding in 37 (12.8%) cases. Toker cells (TCs) were identified by standard light microscopy in 24 (8.3%) nipples. Paget carcinoma cells (PCCs) were found in 12 (4.2%) cases, and in 9 (3.1%) they were an incidental finding. The immunohistochemical profile of each type of pale cells was as follows: PD cells, EMA‐,LMWCK‐,CK7‐,HMWCK+, CEA−, HER2/neu protein−, HMB45−, HPV−; TCs, EMA+, LMWCK+, CK7+, HMWCK−, CEA−, HER2/neu protein−, HMB45−, HPV−; PCCs, EMA+, LMWCK+, CK7+, HMWCK−, CEA+, HER2/neu protein+, HMB45−, HPV−. In conclusion, friction may be the stimulus for the appearance of PD cells. PD cells must be distinguished from TCs, PCCs, clear cells of Bowen's disease, pagetoid melanoma cells, cells of clear cell papulosis, koilocytes, artifactual clear cells, and glycogen‐rich squamous cells. A combination of immunohistochemical markers is useful for this distinction; however, routine histologic study is usually adequate for recognizing PD. Pathologists should be familiar with the histologic features of PD in the nipple epidermis to avoid misdiagnosis.
Lexical and prelexical influences on word segmentation: evidence from priming.

The authors examined the interaction of acoustic and lexical information in lexical access and segmentation. The cross-modal lexical priming technique was used to determine which word meanings listeners access at the offsets of oronyms (e.g., tulips or two lips) presented in connected speech. In Experiment 1, participants showed priming by the meaning of tulips when presented with two lips. In Experiment 2, priming by the meaning of the 2nd word was found in such sequences (e.g., lips in two lips). Finally, Experiment 3 demonstrated that listeners do not show priming by lips when it is pronounced as part of tulips. The results of these experiments show that listeners sometimes access words other than those intended by speakers and may simultaneously access words associated with several parses of ambiguous sequences. Furthermore, the results suggest that acoustic marking of word onsets places constraints on the success of lexical access. To account for these results, the authors propose a new model of lexical access and segmentation.
One year after discharge: community adjustment of schizophrenic patients.

From a group of 299 schizophrenic patients discharged after a study of short-term drug action, 254 were living in the community a year following initial discharge from the hospital. These expatients were evaluated to assess their community adjustment and to determine the relationship between aspects of each individual's premorbid history and course of illness with subsequent community adjustment. While most of the expatients were functioning at a social level comparable to their own "best former" level, only 11 percent could be described as functioning as well as the average person in the community. A number of background, psychiatric history, and environmental factors were found to be related to community adjustment; of these, the characteristics of the environment to which the patient was discharged seemed especially significant.
Effects of heart rate on ventricular performance, myocardial contractile state and coronary circulation.

Effects of heart rate on ventricular performance, myocardial contractile state and coronary circulation were studied under constant cardiac output in right heart by-passed anesthetized dogs. Myocardial contractile state (Vmax) was elevated as heart rate increased, and this was considered to play an important role in impeding further increase of systolic time ratio which would have occurred unless this elevation had occurred. Myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) was mainly influenced by heart rate, left ventricular systolic peak pressure and the contractile state of the left ventricle, but neither by stroke volume of the left ventricle nor left ventricular work. After administration of propranolol, the left ventricle was deteriorated at tachycardia more than 210 beats per minute, and Vmax did not rise at such a tachycardia. These results suggest that adrenergic beta-receptor plays an important role in augmenting the contractile state of the left ventricle and in preventing it from being deteriorated at tachycardia.
Functional Consequences of the Human Cardiac Troponin I Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Mutation R145G in Transgenic Mice*

In this study, we addressed the functional consequences of the human cardiac troponin I (hcTnI) hypertrophic cardiomyopathy R145G mutation in transgenic mice. Simultaneous measurements of ATPase activity and force in skinned papillary fibers from hcTnI R145G transgenic mice (Tg-R145G) versus hcTnI wild type transgenic mice (Tg-WT) showed a significant decrease in the maximal Ca2+-activated force without changes in the maximal ATPase activity and an increase in the Ca2+ sensitivity of both ATPase and force development. No difference in the cross-bridge turnover rate was observed at the same level of cross-bridge attachment (activation state), showing that changes in Ca2+ sensitivity were not due to changes in cross-bridge kinetics. Energy cost calculations demonstrated higher energy consumption in Tg-R145G fibers compared with Tg-WT fibers. The addition of 3 mm 2,3-butanedione monoxime at pCa 9.0 showed that there was ∼2-4% of force generating cross-bridges attached in Tg-R145G fibers compared with less than 1.0% in Tg-WT fibers, suggesting that the mutation impairs the ability of the cardiac troponin complex to fully inhibit cross-bridge attachment under relaxing conditions. Prolonged force and intracellular [Ca2+] transients in electrically stimulated intact papillary muscles were observed in Tg-R145G compared with Tg-WT. These results suggest that the phenotype of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is most likely caused by the compensatory mechanisms in the cardiovascular system that are activated by 1) higher energy cost in the heart resulting from a significant decrease in average force per cross-bridge, 2) slowed relaxation (diastolic dysfunction) caused by prolonged [Ca2+] and force transients, and 3) an inability of the cardiac TnI to completely inhibit activation in the absence of Ca2+ in Tg-R145G mice.
The Influence of the Relationship between Consumer and Tie-in Promotion on Loyalty

There has been recognition of the increasing importance of cooperation as an element of marketing strategy. Such cooperation is confined to four levels based on product development, sales promotion, pricing arrangements, and place (or distribution) mechanisms as the usual marketing 4Ps mixed (Varadarajan 1986). At present, however, little is known about the nature of tie-in promotion as a cooperative sales promotion comparing three other levels. The primary goal of this study is to examine the effect of consumer-tie-in promotion relationship on loyalty. The construct of consumer-tie-in promotion relationship is based on the previous research on consumer-brand relationship. In addition, this study divides the concept of loyalty into host brand loyalty and partner brand loyalty to reflect the characteristics of tie-in promotion including program in order to determine the effect of the consumer-tie-in promotion relationship on loyalty. The results showed that the three dimensions of the consumer-tie-in promotion relationship (i.e., commitment, intimacy, and interdependence) had significantly positive effect on program loyalty. The effect of program loyalty is significantly on both host and partner brand loyalty. This study empirically tested the relationships among consumer-tie-in promotion relationship, program loyalty, host brand loyalty, and partner brand loyalty, and then compared with the difference in the suggested model for the target customers and non-target customers. As a result, for target customers, intimacy and interdependence among dimensions of consumer-tie-in promotion relationship had significantly positive influence on program loyalty. In case of non-target customers, however, commitment and interdependence among dimensions of consumer-tie-in promotion relationship had significantly positive influence on program loyalty. Also, program loyalty had significantly positive impact on host brand loyalty and partner brand loyalty in both target and non-target customers. This study has significance in that it addresses the need to identify research and academic implications by analyzing the consumer-tie-in promotion relationship to determine the relationship between tie-in promotion and loyalty, which has not been clearly described by previous studies. Furthermore, this study builds a foundation for firms and managers actively using tie-in promotion to establish tie-in promotion strategies that can maximize loyalty for both host and partner brands from the consumers` point of view.
The structure of intense vorticity in isotropic turbulence

The structure of the intense-vorticity regions is studied in numerically simulated homogeneous, isotropic, equilibrium turbulent flow fields at four different Reynolds numbers, in the range Reλ = 35–170. In accordance with previous investigators this vorticity is found to be organized in coherent, cylindrical or ribbon-like, vortices (‘worms’). A statistical study suggests that they are simply especially intense features of the background, O(ω′), vorticity. Their radii scale with the Kolmogorov microscale and their lengths with the integral scale of the flow. An interesting observation is that the Reynolds number γ/ν, based on the circulation of the intense vortices, increases monotonically with Reλ, raising the question of the stability of the structures in the limit of Reλ → ∞. Conversely, the average rate of stretching of these vortices increases only slowly with their peak vorticity, suggesting that self-stretching is not important in their evolution. One- and two-dimensional statistics of vorticity and strain are presented; they are non-Gaussian and the behaviour of their tails depends strongly on the Reynolds number. There is no evidence of convergence to a limiting distribution in this range of Reλ, even though the energy spectra and the energy dissipation rate show good asymptotic properties in the higher-Reynolds-number cases. Evidence is presented to show that worms are natural features of the flow and that they do not depend on the particular forcing scheme.
Cardiac troponins in patients with renal failure: what are we measuring and when should we measure it?

failure. 2 The elevation of blood cardiac troponin (cTn) concentrations in patients with kidney disease has variously been described as being an analytical false-positive: an example as to why cardiac troponin I (cTnI) was a superior test and to be due to re-expression of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) within the skeletal muscle. 3 Early work showed that both cTnT and cTnI concentrations are elevated in patients with renal failure, even using the relatively insensi