Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
XBRL Mandate: Thousands of Filing Errors and So What?

ABSTRACT: Since the mandate by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to begin interactive data reporting in June 2009, according to XBRL Cloud, an XBRL product and service provider, more than 4,000 filing errors have been identified. We examine the overall changing pattern of the errors to understand whether the large number of errors may hamper the transition to interactive data reporting. Using a sample of 4,532 filings that contain 4,260 errors, we document a significant learning curve exhibited by the XBRL filers. Specifically, we find that the number of errors per filing is significantly decreasing when a company files more times, suggesting that the company filers or the filing agents many companies use learn from their experiences and therefore the future filings are improved. Our findings provide evidence to encourage the regulatory body, the filers, and the XBRL technology supporting community to embrace the new disclosure requirement in financial reporting. The significantly decreas.
Characterization of spliceogenic variants located in regions linked to high levels of alternative splicing: BRCA2 c.7976+5G > T as a case study

Many BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) genetic variants have been studied at mRNA level and linked to hereditary breast and ovarian cancer due to splicing alteration. In silico tools are reliable when assessing variants located in consensus splice sites, but we may identify variants in complex genomic contexts for which bioinformatics is not precise enough. In this study, we characterize BRCA2 c.7976 + 5G > T variant located in intron 17 which has an atypical donor site (GC). This variant was identified in three unrelated Spanish families and we have detected exon 17 skipping as the predominant transcript occurring in carriers. We have also detected several isoforms (Δ16‐18, Δ17,18, Δ18, and ▼17q224) at different expression levels among carriers and controls. This study remarks the challenge of interpreting genetic variants when multiple alternative isoforms are present, and that caution must be taken when using in silico tools to identify potential spliceogenic variants located in GC‐AG introns.
[The treatment of cancer patients near their residence in the territorial structure "Casa della salute": preliminary results in the province of Piacenza (Italy).]

INTRODUCTION In the field of oncology, we are all stimulated by the desire to improve the lives of patients with cancer; however little data are available about the amount of time and travel discomfort that patients and families typically spend for clinical examinations and for antitumoral/supportive treatments. The purpose of this study was to determine the advantages for cancer patients to receive clinical, test examinations, and anticancer treatment near their residence in a territorial clinical structure called "Casa della Salute" (CdS). METHODS Since July 2016 to all the cancer patients treated at the Oncology Unit of the General Hospital in Piacenza, was offered the possibility to be treated near their residence at the CdS located in the mid valley (Val Nure), or to continue the treatment at the Oncology Unit of the General Hospital in Piacenza. The treatments were delivered by an oncology nurse under the supervision of a medical oncologist. RESULTS From 18 July 2016 to 20 July 2017, 54 patients with cancer were managed in the CdS in Bettola, province of Piacenza in North Italy. All these patients received the planned antitumoral and supportive treatments. The average distance from the patient's residence to the Oncology Unit in Piacenza was 81,65 km (range 31,6-131 km), while it was 21,06 km (range 3-54,2 km) to the CdS (p<0,001). The average time for the round trip to the Oncology Unit in Piacenza was 93,35 minutes (range 40-162) while it took 16,35 minutes (range 10-78) to reach the CdS (p<0,001). 98,5% of patients were very satisfied to receive oncological treatment at the CdS, and 65% of patients who needed a caregiver to reach the Oncology Unit in Piacenza, could travel alone to the CdS. DISCUSSION The increase in the incidence of cancer, especially in elderly patients with comorbidity, has been accompanied by an increase in the overall survival rate of these patients thus requiring organizational innovations. The results of this study hightlight the possibility of treating cancer patients in territorial structures near their residence, with advantages for the patients, their caregivers and for the entire community.
Cadherins: cellular adhesive molecules serving as signalling mediators

The single pass, transmembrane proteins of the cadherin family have been appreciated as important proteins that regulate intercellular adhesion. In addition to this critical function, cadherins contribute to important signalling events that control cellular homeostasis. Many examples exist of classical, desmosomal and atypical cadherins participating in the regulation of signalling events that control homeostatic functions in cells. Much of the work on cadherin mediated signalling focuses on classical cadherins or on specific disease states such as pemphigus vulgaris. Cadherin mediated signalling has been shown to play critical roles during development, in proliferation, apoptosis, disease pathobiology and beyond. It is becoming increasingly clear that cadherins operate through a range of molecular mechanisms. The diversity of pathways and cellular functions regulated by cadherins suggests that we have only scratched the surface in terms of the roles that these versatile proteins play in signalling and cellular function.
Development of the Social Participation Restrictions Questionnaire (SPaRQ) through consultation with adults with hearing loss, researchers, and clinicians: a content evaluation study

Abstract Objective: This research aimed to evaluate the content of the Social Participation Restrictions Questionnaire (SPaRQ) in terms of its relevance, clarity, comprehensiveness, acceptability to adults with hearing loss, and responsiveness. Design: Cognitive interviews and a subject matter expert survey were conducted. The interview data were analysed using thematic analysis and a taxonomy of questionnaire clarity problems. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the survey data. Study sample: Fourteen adults with hearing loss participated in the cognitive interviews. Twenty clinicians and academics completed the subject matter expert survey. Results: The majority of the SPaRQ content was found to be relevant, clear, comprehensive, and acceptable. However, an important clarity problem was identified: many adults with hearing loss struggled to switch from answering positively worded items (e.g. “I can attend social gatherings”) to answering negatively-worded items (e.g. “I feel isolated”). Several subject matter experts found responsiveness difficult to assess. The SPaRQ was amended where necessary. Conclusion: Few hearing-specific questionnaires have undergone content evaluation. This study highlights the value of content evaluation as a means of identifying important flaws and improving the quality of a measure. The next stage of this research is a psychometric evaluation of the measure.
DETERMINANTES DA EVASÃO E REPETÊNCIA ESCOLAR

Considering the overall benefits from education, th e dropouts and school failures bring about severe consequences for economic progress and welfa re of the population. The purpose of this study was to identify the determinants for the occu rrence of such problems at high school level, supported by a rare database at longitudinal level in Brazil, which involve the public schools in the state of Ceara (SPAECE/2008, extende d to 2009-2011). For doing this, a multilevel logistic model on a hierarchical basis i s performed in two dimensions: school and students. It is found evidence that factors associa ted with both the students themselves and their families’ status affects significantly the ch ances for dropouts and school failures. While the cash transfer (Bolsa Família) to student’s hous ehold is an important mechanism to reduce the probability of dropout and school failure, the lack of students' dedications in school activities and persistency of failures are the main deficiencies for increasing the chances of dropouts from school. In view of the results, and s ince the sampled public schools have similar infrastructure, the intervention of educato rs should be driven to student motivation in scholar activities, through educational measures th at call for their attention and warn them effectively on the social and economic benefits ari ing from the accumulation of education in the medium and long term, as it occurs in developed countries.
Reactive Oxygen Species as Intracellular Signaling Molecules in the  Cardiovascular System

Background: Redox signaling plays an important role in the lives of cells. This signaling not only becomes apparent in pathologies but is also thought to be involved in maintaining physiolog-ical homeostasis. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) can activate protein kinases: CaMKII, PKG, PKA, ERK, PI3K, Akt, PKC, PDK, JNK, p38. It is unclear whether it is a direct interaction of ROS with these kinases or whether their activation is a consequence of inhibition of phosphatases. ROS have a biphasic effect on the transport of Ca2+ in the cell: on one hand, they activate the sarcoplasmic reticu-lum Ca2+-ATPase, which can reduce the level of Ca2+ in the cell, and on the other hand, they can inac-tivate Ca2+-ATPase of the plasma membrane and open the cation channels TRPM2, which promote Ca2+-loading and subsequent apoptosis. ROS inhibit the enzyme PHD2, which leads to the stabiliza-tion of HIF-α and the formation of the active transcription factor HIF. Conclusion: Activation of STAT3 and STAT5, induced by cytokines or growth factors, may include activation of NADPH oxidase and enhancement of ROS production. Normal physiological produc-tion of ROS under the action of cytokines activates the JAK/STAT while excessive ROS production leads to their inhibition. ROS cause the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB. Physiological levels of ROS control cell proliferation and angiogenesis. ROS signaling is also involved in beneficial adaptations to survive ischemia and hypoxia, while further increases in ROS can trigger programmed cell death by the mechanism of apoptosis or autophagy. ROS formation in the myocardium can be re-duced by moderate exercise
Plant height and hydraulic vulnerability to drought and cold

Significance As trees worldwide experience mortality or dieback with increasing drought and low tundras grow taller with warming, understanding the link between plant height and climate is increasingly important. We show that taller plants have predictably wider water-conducting conduits, and that wider conduits within species are more vulnerable to conduction-blocking embolisms. These two observations suggest that tall plants in formerly moist areas die because their wide conduits are excessively vulnerable under novel drought conditions. Also, the cold that limits conduit diameter, and therefore height, in tundra plants is relaxed under warming, permitting wider conduits and taller plants. That plant height appears linked to climate via plant hydraulics helps explain why vegetation height differs across biomes and is altering with climate change. Understanding how plants survive drought and cold is increasingly important as plants worldwide experience dieback with drought in moist places and grow taller with warming in cold ones. Crucial in plant climate adaptation are the diameters of water-transporting conduits. Sampling 537 species across climate zones dominated by angiosperms, we find that plant size is unambiguously the main driver of conduit diameter variation. And because taller plants have wider conduits, and wider conduits within species are more vulnerable to conduction-blocking embolisms, taller conspecifics should be more vulnerable than shorter ones, a prediction we confirm with a plantation experiment. As a result, maximum plant size should be short under drought and cold, which cause embolism, or increase if these pressures relax. That conduit diameter and embolism vulnerability are inseparably related to plant size helps explain why factors that interact with conduit diameter, such as drought or warming, are altering plant heights worldwide.
Towards Designing Better Session Search Evaluation Metrics

User satisfaction has been paid much attention to in recent Web search evaluation studies and regarded as the ground truth for designing better evaluation metrics. However, most existing studies are focused on the relationship between satisfaction and evaluation metrics at query-level. However, while search request becomes more and more complex, there are many scenarios in which multiple queries and multi-round search interactions are needed (e.g. exploratory search). In those cases, the relationship between session-level search satisfaction and session search evaluation metrics remain uninvestigated. In this paper, we analyze how users' perceptions of satisfaction accord with a series of session-level evaluation metrics. We conduct a laboratory study in which users are required to finish some complex search tasks and provide usefulness judgments of documents as well as session-level and query level satisfaction feedbacks. We test a number of popular session search evaluation metrics as well as different weighting functions. Experiment results show that query-level satisfaction is mainly decided by the clicked document that they think the most useful (maximum effect). While session-level satisfaction is highly correlated with the most recently issued queries (recency effect). We further propose a number of criteria for designing better session search evaluation metrics.
Improving quality and safety of care in nursing homes by team support for strengths use: A survey study

Growing evidence suggests that workload has an adverse effect on quality of care and patient safety in nursing homes. A novel job resource that may improve quality of care and patient safety and alleviate the negative effect of workload in nursing homes is team support for strengths use. This refers to team members’ beliefs concerning the extent to which the team they work in actively supports them in applying their individual strengths at work. The objective was to investigate the relationships between workload, team support for strengths use, quality of care, and patient safety in nursing homes. We collected (cross-sectional) survey data from 497 caregivers from 74 teams in seven different nursing homes. The survey included measures on perceived workload, team support for strengths use, caregivers’ perception of the quality of care provided by the team and four safety incidents (i.e. fall incidents, medication errors, pressure ulcers, incidents of aggression). After controlling for age, team size, team tenure, organizational tenure, and nursing home, multilevel regression analyses (i.e. individual and team level) showed that perceived workload was not significantly related to perceived team-based quality of care and the frequency of safety incidents. Team support for strengths use was positively related to perceived team-based quality of care, negatively related to medication errors, but not significantly related to fall incidents, pressure ulcers, and aggression incidents. Finally, we found that perceived workload had a negative effect on perceived team-based quality of care when team support for strengths use is low and no significant effect on perceived team-based quality of care when team support for strengths use is high. This study provides promising evidence for a novel avenue for promoting team-based quality of care in nursing homes.
PD-1 blockade potentially enhances adoptive cytotoxic T cell potency in a human acute myeloid leukaemia animal model

ABSTRACT Objectives: Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a malignant haematological disease that remains difficult to cure. Cytotoxic T cell (CTL) adoptive infusion therapy may be conducive to tumour remission by boosting physical immunity. Furthermore, programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) blockade immunotherapy has shown tremendous success in many cancer therapies. Method: We attempted to combine these two immunotherapy strategies to intervene in AML by generating AML cellspecific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo with an AML cell strain expressing specific antigens. Results: First, we observed that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) could be induced to generate large numbers of CD8+ CTL cells through immune stimulation. In addition, these CD8+ cells could effectively recognize a human AML cell line and exert cytotoxicity. In animal tests, PD-1 blockade combined with CTL infusion could induce significantly more AML tumour reduction than either treatment alone. This synergistic effect was thought to be connected to immune modulation enhancement, as regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the peripheral blood (PB) were found to be suppressed. Conclusions: This finding suggested the potential application of PD-1 blockade in AML. The present work demonstrated an excellent synergistic tumour therapeutic effect of PD-1 blockade and CTL therapy compared with either treatment alone.
SearchX: Empowering Collaborative Search Research

Collaborative search has been an active area of research within the IR community for many years. While for "single-user'' research a variety of up-to-date open-source search systems exist, few "multi-user'' search tools are open-source and even fewer are being maintained. In this paper, we present SearchX, an open-source collaborative search system we are currently developing-and using for our research. We designed and built SearchX using the modern Web stack (and are thus not siloed by an operating system or a particular browser type), enabling efficient research across platforms (Desktop, mobile) and with online users (e.g. crowdworkers). A video, describing the demo can be found at https: //www.youtube. com/watch? v=uf24m6p3vts.
Click-through prediction when searching local businesses

Local search engines allow users to issue queries with a geographical connotation, named local searches, against a business database. Local search differs from traditional search in that, in order to capture adequately the user behaviour, the relevance estimation must integrate geographical signals, such as distance. In this work we investigate the problem of estimating the click-through in local searches using standard search methods along with a set of geographical features and business related. Our approach is validated using the logs of a local search engine. The evaluation shows how the non-linear combination of features of business, geo-local and textual allow a significant improvement over state-of-the-art alternatives based on text relevance, distance and business reputation.
Metabolic potential of microbial communities from ferruginous sediments

Ferruginous (Fe-rich, SO4 -poor) conditions are generally restricted to freshwater sediments on Earth today, but were likely widespread during the Archean and Proterozoic Eons. Lake Towuti, Indonesia, is a large ferruginous lake that likely hosts geochemical processes analogous to those that operated in the ferruginous Archean ocean. The metabolic potential of microbial communities and related biogeochemical cycling under such conditions remain largely unknown. We combined geochemical measurements (pore water chemistry, sulfate reduction rates) with metagenomics to link metabolic potential with geochemical processes in the upper 50 cm of sediment. Microbial diversity and quantities of genes for dissimilatory sulfate reduction (dsrAB) and methanogenesis (mcrA) decrease with increasing depth, as do rates of potential sulfate reduction. The presence of taxa affiliated with known iron- and sulfate-reducers implies potential use of ferric iron and sulfate as electron acceptors. Pore-water concentrations of acetate imply active production through fermentation. Fermentation likely provides substrates for respiration with iron and sulfate as electron donors and for methanogens that were detected throughout the core. The presence of ANME-1 16S and mcrA genes suggests potential for anaerobic methane oxidation. Overall our data suggest that microbial community metabolism in anoxic ferruginous sediments support coupled Fe, S and C biogeochemical cycling.
Prevention Models of Childhood Obesity in Sweden

The impact of childhood obesity on the Swedish Health Care system is described. Childhood Obesity and Diabetes Type 2 is increasing for the last 10 years, but not Diabetes Type 1. Thus, prevention is needed. How to define prevention of obesity? Could treatment of childhood obesity be regarded as prevention of adult obesity? Of course it could, but we are lacking a long term follow-up from childhood to adulthood. However, we know that childhood obesity is a risk factor for adult disease. But we need long-lasting results in children to being able to state that we have prevented adult obesity. What about treatment of children with overweight, i.e. defined as the less severe level of an increased body weight as opposed to obesity? There are few if any studies restricting the treatment only to overweight children. Normally, obese children are treated, and some overweight children are added usually to increase the study sample. Then of course promotion of a healthy lifestyle could be of major interest. Finally, the traditional concept of primary prevention seems to be the only solution that is realistic according to many. However, there is no clear pattern when primary prevention works.
Internal Auditors' Experiences and Opinions Regarding Green IT: Assessing the Gap in Normative and Positive Perspectives

ABSTRACT: Organizations' sustainability and environmental compliance activities are escalating. Information technology (IT) is an essential environmental compliance component under the rubric of green IT, which can include the designing, manufacturing, implementing, and disposing of IT components and the supporting electrical and cooling infrastructure. Green IT has numerous compliance, governance, and control issues, and management needs assurance that green IT metrics reported to management, regulators, and other stakeholders are accurate, complete, and timely. Boards, executives, the Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA), and the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) view internal auditors as control experts. This paper summarizes a survey of internal auditors as to what internal auditors should be doing in this domain and what they are actually doing. The results indicate that even though internal auditors believe that they should be more involved in green IT activitie.