Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adsorption Cycle and Its Hybrid with Multi-Effect Desalination

Adsorption (AD) cycle is recently pioneered for cooling and desalination applications. For water treatment, the cycle can be used to treat highly concentrated feed water, ranging from seawater, ground water, and chemically laden waste water. This chapter presents a review of the recent development of AD cycle and its hybridization with known conventional cycles such as the MED and MSF. We begin by looking at the basic sorption theory for different adsorbent–adsorbate pairs, namely the silica gel– water and the zeolite–water pairs. Under the IUPAC categorization, there are six types of isotherm behavior that capture almost all types of adsorbent–adsorbate behaviors and many isotherm correlations have been developed to described their uptake patterns, namely the Henry, Langmuir, Toth, etc. We have recently developed a correlation that can universally capture all six types of isotherms of IUPAC and it requires only four regression coefficients. We present also the basic AD cycle for seawater desalination as well as its hybridiza‐ tion with known conventional thermally driven cycles. We present the performances of the AD pilot which was powered by renewable solar thermal input. Owing to thermodynamic synergy between the thermally driven cycles, the AD cycle is combined with the robust multi-effect distillation cycle to improve the water production yields. The hybrid cycle is called the “MED+AD” or MEDAD in short. With hybridization, it allows the bottom-brine temperature of the MED to operate below ambient temperature, as low as 5°C, in contrast to the conventional MED which is limited by the ambient, resulting in a quantum increase of distillate production by two to three times. We demonstrate this efficiency improvement in a pilot comprising a three-stage MED and AD plant and the top-brine temperature is maintained at 70°C. Lastly, we present the concept of exergy to apportion the operating cost of fuel input in a cogeneration plant where both electricity and water are being produced, and this concept gives an operating cost of fuel input to be lower than the conventional enthalpic approach. this concept gives an operating cost of fuel input to be lower than the conventional enthalpic approach.
Shh Plays an Inhibitory Role in Cusp Patterning by Regulation of Sostdc1

Crown shapes in mammalian teeth vary considerably from species to species, and morphological characters in crown shape have been used to identify species. Cusp pattern is one of the characters in crown shape. In the processes governing the formation of cusp pattern, the Shh pathway has been implicated as an important player. Suppression of Shh signaling activity in vitro in explant assays appears to induce supernumerary cusp formation in wild-type tooth germs. However, the in vivo role of Shh signaling in cusp pattern formation and the molecular mechanisms by which Shh regulates cusp patterning are not clear. Here, through in vivo phenotypic analyses of mice in which Shh activity was suppressed and compared with wild-type mice, we characterized differences in the location, number, incidence, and shape of supernumerary cusps in molars at embryonic day 15.5. We found that the distances between cusps were reduced in molars of Shh activity–suppressed mice in vivo. These findings confirm and extend the previous idea that Shh acts as an inhibitor in the reaction-diffusion model for cusp pattern formation by negatively regulating the intercuspal distance. We uncovered a significant reduction of expression level of Sostdc1, which encodes a secreted modulator of Wnt signaling, after suppression of Shh activity. The supernumerary cusp formation in Sostdc1−/− mice and compound Sostdc1 and Lrp mutant mice indicates a strong association between Wnt and Shh signaling pathways in cusp patterning. In further support of this idea, there is a high degree of similarity in the supernumerary cusp patterns of mice lacking Sostdc1 or Shh at embryonic day 15.5. These results suggest that Shh plays an inhibitory role in cusp pattern formation by modulating Wnt signaling through the positive regulation of Sostdc1.
Characterization of Stem Cells from Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Medial Collateral Ligament

Fig. 3 Stro-1 and Oct-4 expression by ACL-SCs is weaker than that of MCL-SCs. Pink color indicates stronger expression. A-B. Stro-1 expression by ACL-SCs (A) and MCL-SCs (B). C-D. Oct4 expression by ACL-SCs (C) and MCL-SCs (D). Characterization of Stem Cells from Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Medial Collateral Ligament Zhang, J; Pan, T; Im, H-J; Fu, F. ; Wang, JH-C MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA Department of Biochemistry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612 wanghc@pitt.edu
Currently available first-line drug therapies for treating pancreatic cancer

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the 9th most common cancer in the United States and the 4th most common cause of cancer-related death given its poor prognosis. Areas covered: The authors have performed a literature search for pertinent published clinical trials, ongoing Phase 3 clinical trials, and current treatment guidelines using PubMed, Clinicaltrials.gov, and NCCN, ASCO, ESMO, and JPS websites. The review itself discusses landmark studies and ongoing research into the chemotherapy regimens recommended by each oncologic society. The authors also examine drugs that were promising but failed in Phase 3 trials and those currently being investigated. Finally, the authors provide their expert opinion on the subject and provide their future perspectives. Expert opinion: While advances in chemotherapy for pancreatic cancer have been limited in comparison to other cancers, there have been improvements in survival. Combination therapy and a goal of R0 resection are key elements to extend life. Novel agents directed at the unique properties of pancreatic cancer are promising.
Main and interactive effects of diabetes distress and stress from life events on overall psychological distress

This study sought to extend previous research by examining rates of three different types of diabetes distress and whether stress from life events amplified the association between diabetes distress and overall psychological distress in a community-based sample of 119 middle-aged and older adults with type 2 diabetes. Consistent with past research, individuals experienced a moderate level of diabetes distress. However, only some types of diabetes distress were associated with depressive symptoms, independent of stressful life events, whereas all types of diabetes distress were only related to anxious symptoms when stress from life events was also high.
Recovery of Saturated γ Signal Waveforms by Artificial Neural Networks

Particle may sometimes have energy outside the range of radiation detection hardware so that the signal is saturated and useful information is lost. We have therefore investigated the possibility of using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to restore the saturated waveforms of γ signals. Several ANNs were tested, namely the Back Propagation (BP), Simple Recurrent (Elman), Radical Basis Function (RBF) and Generalized Radial Basis Function (GRBF) neural networks (NNs) and compared with the fitting method based on the Marrone model. The GBRFNN was found to perform best.
Ecology of Species Living on Dead Wood - Lessons for Dead Wood Management

Dead wood has been identified as a crucial component for forest biodiversity. Recent research has improved our understanding of habitat relations for many species associated with dead wood. However, the consequences for forest management are yet to be explored. In this review we build upon the growing volume of studies on dead wood dependent species, the dynamics of dead wood and ecological theory in order to identify the challenges for forest management at the landscape level. The review has a Fennoscandian focus, but the problems and challenges are similar in many forest ecosystems. We argue that it is necessary to 1) counteract the current shortage in availability of dead wood, 2) concentrate planning at the landscape level in order to minimize isolation and reduce edge effects, 3) create a variety of dead wood types, and 4) utilise available quantitative analytical tools. This calls for new approaches to management that to a large extent includes available knowledge, and to find platforms for planning forested landscapes with diverse holdings.
A Large Twisted Mesenteric Gist-Presenting as an Acute Abdomen-A Rare Case Report

Introduction: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the digestive tract, and can arise from any part of the GI tract , frequently found in the stomach ~ 50%, followed by small intestine (25%) small intestine[1] , however, very rarely, may also occur in extraintestinal locations such as omentum, mesentery, pelvis or retroperitoneum[2]. GISTs present as a wide spectrum of disease with certain clinicopathological features such as tumor size, mitotic activity and site of origin; determining the aggressiveness of the disease. While surgery is the mainstay of the treatment in localized GISTs, achieving cure rate in 45-60 % cases [3]; Imatinib mesylate, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) is an important drug for targeted therapy in locally advanced and metastatic GISTs and also in specific genotypes of GISTs. Case Presentation: We hereby report a rare case of an elderly 68 year old , Muslim woman with unusual presentation of a twisted mesenteric GIST in an emergency department, who presented with acute abdominal pain, vomiting, abdominal distension and obstipation. Emergency exploration was done in view of signs of peritonitis. A huge mass, origination from jejunal mesentery with areas of necrosis and ischaemia seen. The mass was resected along with adjacent bowel and anastomosis of the bowel with repair of mesenteric defect done and resected specimen sent for histopathological examination. A diagnosis of mesenteric GIST was confirmed on histopathological report. Discussion: While case of GISTs of stomach, small bowel and other GI tract are encountered infrequently in a patient on elective work up with vague abdominal symptoms; A GIST arising from mesentery, presenting as an acute abdomen isa rare clinical scenario. In this case report, we want to emphasize on the potentiality of a large mesenteric GIST which may undergo torsion and may present as an acute abdomen necessitating emergency exploration and hence differential diagnosis may be kept in mind. Conclusion: A large mesenteric GIST may undergo torsion with subsequent ischaemia and necrosis; and may present as an acute abdomen in the Emergency department. Complete excision of the cyst with wide margin must be performed with histopathological examination of the resected specimen and adjuvant therapy with Imatinib considered, if tumor aggressiveness is suggestive; as indicated by the clinicopathological and genetic profiling.
Effect of Periodontal Treatment on HbA1c among Patients with Prediabetes

Evidence is limited regarding whether periodontal treatment improves hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) among people with prediabetes and periodontal disease, and it is unknown whether improvement of metabolic status persists >3 mo. In an exploratory post hoc analysis of the multicenter randomized controlled trial “Antibiotika und Parodontitis” (Antibiotics and Periodontitis)—a prospective, stratified, double-blind study—we assessed whether nonsurgical periodontal treatment with or without an adjunctive systemic antibiotic treatment affects HbA1c and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels among periodontitis patients with normal HbA1c (≤5.7%, n = 218), prediabetes (5.7% < HbA1c < 6.5%, n = 101), or unknown diabetes (HbA1c ≥ 6.5%, n = 8) over a period of 27.5 mo. Nonsurgical periodontal treatment reduced mean pocket probing depth by >1 mm in both groups. In the normal HbA1c group, HbA1c values remained unchanged at 5.0% (95% CI, 4.9% to 6.1%) during the observation period. Among periodontitis patients with prediabetes, HbA1c decreased from 5.9% (95% CI, 5.9% to 6.0%) to 5.4% (95% CI, 5.3% to 5.5%) at 15.5 mo and increased to 5.6% (95% CI, 5.4% to 5.7%) after 27.5 mo. At 27.5 mo, 46% of periodontitis patients with prediabetes had normal HbA1c levels, whereas 47.9% remained unchanged and 6.3% progressed to diabetes. Median hsCRP values were reduced in the normal HbA1c and prediabetes groups from 1.2 and 1.4 mg/L to 0.7 and 0.7 mg/L, respectively. Nonsurgical periodontal treatment may improve blood glucose values among periodontitis patients with prediabetes (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00707369).
PIWI-interacting RNA-54265 is oncogenic and a potential therapeutic target in colorectal adenocarcinoma

Although PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) have recently been linked to human diseases, their roles and functions in malignancies remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the significance of some piRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: We first analyzed the expression profile of piRNAs in CRC using the TCGA and GEO databases. The top 20 highly expressed piRNAs were selected and tested in our CRC tumor and non-tumor tissue samples. We then examined the relevance of the significantly differentially expressed piRNA to the CRC outcomes in 218 patients receiving postoperative chemotherapy and 317 patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A series of biochemical and molecular biological assays were conducted to elucidate the functional mechanism of a piRNA of interest in CRC. Furthermore, experiments with mice xenografts were performed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of an inhibitor specific to the piRNA. Results: We found that among the examined 20 piRNAs, only piRNA-54265 was overexpressed in CRC compared with non-tumor tissues and higher levels in tumor or in serum were significantly associated with poor survival in patients. Functional assays demonstrated that piRNA-54265 binds PIWIL2 protein and this is necessary for the formation of PIWIL2/STAT3/phosphorylated-SRC (p-SRC) complex, which activates STAT3 signaling and promotes proliferation, metastasis and chemoresistance of CRC cells. Treatment with a piRNA-54265 inhibitor significantly suppressed the growth and metastasis of implanted tumors in mice. Conclusion: These results indicate that piRNA-54265 is an oncogenic RNA in CRC and thus might be a therapeutic target.
Legal Issues: Security and Privacy with Mobile Devices

Research on cyber security related to social engineering has expanded from its purely technological orientation into explaining the role of human behaviour in detecting deception (Workman, 2007). In the broadest definition, social engineering, in the context of information security, is the manipulation of individuals to perform actions that cause harm or increase the probability of causing future harm. Human personality traits significantly contribute to the probability that an individual is susceptible to manipulation related to social engineering deception attacks and exploits (Maurya, 2013). The outcome of the attacks and objective is the alteration of normal and rational decision making as described in behaviour decision theory (Kamis, 2011). This quantitative and non-experimental study determined what makes an individual based on personality traits predisposed to social engineering treats in the context of susceptibility to deception manipulation and exploitation.
ACCESS TO TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE: A CASE STUDY OF SUPPLIERS IN THE MALAYSIAN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

Technology transfer has been an important area in supplier development as suppliers are expected to develop their capabilities with their technical partners.The literature has focused on supplier development programmers implemented by automakers for their suppliers.However, less focus has been on the suppliers who received them, particularly the dependent suppliers: suppliers whose major buyers account for 20% or more of their sales. Thus, the aim of this paper is to examine the experiences of the dependent suppliers with their technical partners, which was part of the supplier development program that was implemented by their major buyers.This study was based on interviews with seven supplier organisations in the Malaysian automotive industry.Findings suggest that both positive and less positive experiences were received by the dependent suppliers, and possible explanations were discussed.
Influence on the Formation of Aragonite or Vaterite by Otolith Macromolecules

Calcium carbonate polymorphism is one of the most challenging problems in biomineralization. Calcium carbonate exists in three crystalline forms: calcite, aragonite and vaterite. Otoliths of teleost fishes are made of vaterite and aragonite, located in different sacs and never mixed together. This paper presents a biochemical characterization of the intracrystalline macromolecules associated to the vateritic and aragonitic phases of otoliths. Experimental evidences from cal
Prognosis Comparison Molecular Subtype Breast Cancerbetween Young and Adult Women at General Hospital Dr. MDjamil Padang

Breast cancer is a heterogenic disease with various biological profile and clinical prognosis [1]. Most patients with breast cancer are old women, but we still lack of specific guideline about evidence based therapy for this age group. Population of Young woman with breast cancer, otherwise, has based the decision about breast cancer therapy on prognostic, predictive factors, and tumor characteristic [2]. The European Society of Breast Cancer Specialist defined young women as women aged less than 40 years [3]. There is favorable correlation between ages with biological characteristic of the tumor. Compared with young age, old aged patient with breast cancer had more diploid, low s-phase fraction, normal p53, negative or low epidermal growth factor receptor and c-erB2 [4]. Breast cancer in women aged under 40 years old tend to has larger size (tumor median is 2 cm in young age and 1.5 cm in old age), more advanced stadium when diagnosed (more likely with positive lymph gland) and more aggressive (less likely to have good differentiation), low expression of estrogen/progesterone receptor (ER/PR), high expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor2 (HER2), and Ki67 marker proliferation [5-10]. Tumor with positive hormone receptor has better outcome, where luminal A tumor has slower progressivity compared with luminal B tumor. While tumor with negative hormone receptor have aggressive natural pathogenesis and poor outcome [2].
Insecticide-Resistance Ratios of Three Populations of Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Triozidae) in Regions of Northern Mexico

Abstract Bactericera cockerelli Šulc (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Triozidae), also known as the potato psyllid, is a pest of pepper and potato crops in northern Mexico. Growers control it by applying insecticides, without knowing the tolerance or resistance levels to these pesticides. The goal of this study was to determine the resistance ratios of several populations of B. cockerelli from regions of northern Mexico. Three populations of B. cockerelli were collected from sample sites at Coahuila—Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, and Aguascalientes and compared with a laboratory susceptible line. Results indicated that populations from Aguascalientes had resistance ratios of 1.69-, 1.26-, and 1.00-fold for the insecticides abamectin, endosulfan, and imidacloprid, respectively. The corresponding ratios were 10.72-, 2.52-, and 3.75-fold for the San Luis Potosí population and 2.57-, 3.75-, and 4.22-fold for the Coahuila—Nuevo León population. We conclude that the B. cockerelli population of only San Luis Potosí was resistant to abamectin, but that the other 2 populations were susceptible to it. All 3 populations were fairly susceptible to endosulfan and imidacloprid.
[Forensic (F)ACT: a study exploring indication, risk assessment and recidivism].

BACKGROUND Cutbacks in clinical beds in regular and forensic psychiatry increase the burden on outpatient forensic care in The Netherlands. AIM: Since 2007, Dutch forensic (flexible) assertive community treatment (For(F)ACT) teams offer outpatient, intensive treatment to forensic clients with complex mental health issues. As the need for this form of intensive treatment increases, so does the need for unambiguous indication criteria to facilitate adequate care and accompanied reduction in criminal behavior. METHOD: The present study investigated the correlation between the clinical indication criteria and risk factors for criminal behavior in 76 For(F)ACT-clients, reviewing which criteria best predicted recidivism. RESULTS: A weak correlation was found between the indication criteria and risk factors. Further receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that a combination of clinical indication criteria best predicted recidivism. CONCLUSION: The influential risk factors for For(F)ACT-clients are different compared to those for other groups of delinquents. Important treatment factors are breaking patterns, increasing safety and offering social and financial support. The clinical indication criteria should not be replaced by the START risk factors.
Fuelwood Consumption by Semi-Nomadic Communities of Sakteng Wildlife Sanctuary in Bhutan

Fuelwood is essential for the survival of rural households in Bhutan as almost 94% of rural household energy consumption is met by fuelwood. This study examined the consumption of fuelwood by a semi-nomadic community residing in Sakteng Wildlife Sanctuary. Data was collected from 173 households using semi structured interviews, Participatory Rural Appraisal techniques, a structured survey questionnaire and fuelwood allotment data from Sakteng Wildlife Sanctuary, park office. The results indicate that on an average one household in Merak and Sakteng consume 335 Cubic feet of fuelwood in a year which is equivalent to 4.7 standing trees. Despite connectivity of road and electricity in these villages, the pressure on fuelwood persists due to its use for heating purposes owing to harsh weather conditions. Change in constructional design of the house which conserves heat energy while still maintaining the traditional outlook and exploring the use of alternative source of energy such as solar energy and biogas wherever feasible can help in reducing the use of fuelwood in Sakteng Wildlife sanctuary.
Observations and implications of the ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays

cosmic rays around 6310 19 eV induced by the interaction of the particles with the 2.7-K primordial photons. However, recent experimental data have established that particles exist with energies greatly exceeding this. It follows that the sources of such particles are probably nearby, on a cosmological scale. However, although the trajectories of such energetic particles through the galactic and intergalactic magnetic fields may be nearly rectilinear, no astronomical sources have as yet been identified. This is the enigma of the highest-energy cosmic rays. The paper reviews the history of research in this energy regime and critically assesses the observational results on the energy spectrum, arrival directions, and composition of the primary cosmic rays based on observations made by six experiments. The detection methods currently available are described. Special techniques have been developed as particles of 10 20 eV or higher occur at a rate of only about 1 per km 2 per century. Errors in measurement are given particular attention. The authors also review the theoretical predictions for a number of candidate sources of cosmic rays beyond the predicted cutoff. Finally, the four major projects planned to address the question of the origin of UHECRs are briefly described.