Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FDI in Norway’s manufacturing sector

This report investigates the location advantages of the Norwegian manufacturing industry while focusing on economic as well as institutional factors. The economy relies highly on the exploitation of natural resources and only minor parts of its exports are technology based. Norway as a market for consumer goods is not only small in size but is also located at the periphery of Europe. Since the beginning of industrialisation, policies towards FDI have had two targets. The first has been to keep as much of the resource rent as possible within the country and the second, to develop a domestic manufacturing industry. A variety of political tools has been used to achieve these objectives. Although different international agreements aim to reduce preferences for domestic production, several sectors in the Norwegian manufacturing industry remain protected by governmental policy. Norwegian MNEs have internalised former and present L-advantages into firm-specific assets. Domestic interest groups or the state partly control several of these enterprises. Compared to other small European countries, Norway has a relatively low share of FDI in the manufacturing industry. Nonetheless, over the last decades the country has experienced a substantial increase in FDI. This is partly due to investments of foreign affiliates of Norwegian multinational companies, reinvesting in Norway. In 1996, on an average, 18% of the employment in firms with at least 50 employees was located to foreign controlled firms while the corresponding figures in 1980 and 1991 were 8% and 13%. FDI mainly takes the form of mergers and acquisitions and is particularly significant in sectors with an above average R&D intensity and in other market segments with a relatively high producer concentration. The main industrial clusters as well as the production of consumer goods have experienced the major growth of FDI employment in the period 1991-1996. Often, these are also sectors with a high degree of governmental protection. 1 This report has been financed by the Norwegian Research Council (NFR), partly by grant number 124567/510 and partly by grant number 115671/510. We are grateful to Leo Grunfeld for comments and to Sudha Menon for her assistance in editing the report.
The evolution of the Greenbergian word order correlations

Recurring traits across languages have been argued to relate directly to constraints imposed by the brain. A particular case is Greenberg's word order universals (Greenberg 1966), which have been argued to reflect the demands of language acquisition (Baker 2001, Chomsky 2010) or of processing sentences (Hawkins 1983, Kirby and Hurford 1997). This paper argues that typological universals are indeed relevant to the study of the biological basis of language, but for a different reason, that they are created by the process of grammaticalisation. Recent historical evidence for the grammaticalisation explanation will be presented, concluding that explanations invoking processing or acquisition are misguided. Grammaticalisation involves the use of metaphor and the 'chunking' of constructions similar to the chunking of motor sequences (Bybee 2002), and hence the origin of language universals is argued to be in these properties of the mind rather than those proposed by innatist or functionalist linguists.
Relationship between protein-energy malnutrition, vitamin A, and parasitoses in children living in Brasília

It is still controversial whether intestinal parasitic infections can influence the nutritional status of children. The relationship between protein-energy malnutrition, vitamin A and parasitic infections was evaluated in 124 children. The food intake estimated by recall method was generally low and poor. Seventy five percent of the children were infected with intestinal parasites. The mean±SD weight-for-age and height-for-age Z-score were skewed one standard deviation to the left, when compared to normal standards. An association was found between protein-energy malnutrition and Giardia lamblia, but not with Ascaris lumbricoides or Hymenolepis nana infection. Only Giardia-infected children had a decreased weight-for-age and weight-for-height Z-score. Hypovitaminosis A was a major nutritional problem, but no relationship between this deficiency and parasitic infection was found. Our data indicate that low and poor food intake were the major cause of protein-energy malnutrition among the children, and except for Giardia, this was not influenced by parasitic infections.
Age Progression using Image Morphing

Age progression is the process of modifying a photograph of a person to represent the effect of aging on their appearance. I proposed to create an application that displays the entire age progression of people face throughout their life time. Given a portrait picture of an adult, the application shows how the person change from a baby face into an elder face. An interactive application with a shape blending and color blending parameters demonstrates the various results of the method.
Association of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing genotype with tuberculosis relapse in Singapore

The relationship of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing genotype with tuberculosis relapse was examined. Beijing strains were detected from 32 out of 45 (71%) relapsed cases and 148 out of 290 (51%) non-relapsed cases. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that Beijing genotype was significantly associated with tuberculosis relapse (OR 2·64, 95% CI 1·30–5·34, P=0·005).
Immunomodulatory activities of isolated compounds from the root-bark of Cussonia arborea

Abstract Context: Cussonia arborea Hochst. ex A. Rich (Araliaceae) is a folk medicine used to treat various diseases. However, there is no report of the root phytochemistry. Objective: This study isolates and identifies the immunomodulatory compounds from root-bark of C. arborea. Materials and methods: The methanol extract (18 g) was subjected to repeated column chromatography resulting in isolation of five compounds (1–5). Structure determination was achieved by analysis of their 1 D and 2 D NMR, and mass spectroscopy. The compounds (100–1.0 μg/mL) were examined immunomodulatory for effect on production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from whole blood phagocytes and on proliferation of T-cells. The compounds cytotoxicity (100–1.0 μg/mL) was evaluated on NIH-3T3 normal fibroblast cells. Results: Three pentacyclic triterpenoids [3, 23-dihydroxy-12-oleanen-28-oic acid (1), 3β-hydroxylolean-12-en-28-oic (2) and 23-hydoxy-oxo-urs-12-en-28-oic acid (5)], two phytosterols: [stigmasterol (3)] and [3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl stigmasterol (4)] were all isolated from the methanol soluble extract. All the tested compounds (1–4) were found to be nontoxic on NIH-3T3 cells. Compound 1 and 2 moderately inhibited the production of ROS (IC50 = 24.4 ± 4.3 and 37.5 ± 0.1 μg/mL, respectively) whereas compound 2 exhibited the highest inhibitory effect (IC50 = 12.6 ± 0.4 μg/mL) on proliferation of phytoheamagglutinin (PHA) activated T-cells. Conclusions: The isolated compounds (1–5) are reported for the first time from this species. In addition, compound 2 with suppressive potential on production of intracellular ROS and proliferation of T-cells could be of immense value in control of autoimmune diseases as well as in immune compromised patients.
Stock Market Behavior in Publicly Traded Real Estate Companies - How does the choice of allocation strategy affect publicly traded real estate companies v olatility, risk, risk-adjusted return and correlation?

Within the real estate asset class, most companies own and operate properties. How the companies construct their property portfolio, in respect of property type and geographical focus, differ. Some companies have chosen to be focused while the holdings of some companies are well diversified. Depending on which strategy is chosen, the underlying assets of the companies will be different and affected by different factors. This paper investigates if, in Sweden, the composition of the publicly traded real estate companies’ property portfolios affects how their stocks behave on the stock market. Four hypotheses about the behavior is stated, each hypothesis is linked to certain key financial figures that is calculated and analyzed over time. The financial figures that are investigated are the correlation between the companies as well as the correlation with the stock market portfolio, the risk and the riskadjusted return of the companies. All figures are tested over either a 36 month or a 12 month rolling time period. The results show that the diversified companies display a higher correlation with each other as well as the market since the beginning of the 21 century. Companies that are diversified across property types but focused geographically also display higher correlation. Hence, if a company is focused or diversified geographically doesn’t seem to affect the level of correlation between the companies. Another result is that the smaller, often more focused, companies have a low correlation with each other as well as with the market. However, there are exceptions among the diversified as well as the focused companies. The risk is measured with the help of two variables, the beta coefficient and standard deviation. The results of the rolling beta coefficients show that the companies that are diversified over property type have a higher market risk compared to those that are focused. Whether a company is diversified or focused geographically doesn’t seem to matter. The results of the standard deviation measurements do not show this result as all companies moved in similar fashion. Risk-adjusted return is measured with the help of the Sharpe ratio. The results show that the riskadjusted return is independent of the composition of the companies’ portfolios. However, in the crisis, the risk-adjusted return of all companies are compressed regardless of how well they performed prior to the crisis.
Chromosomal Imbalances in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Detected by Comparative Genomic Hybridization

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. In contrast to many other hematological malignancies, no chromosomal abnormalities with a diagnostic or prognostic value have been identified in DLBCL. Numerical chromosomal imbalances were characterized by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) performed on 54 DLBCL tumors from a total of 40 patients. The clonal relatedness was demonstrated in 9 of 11 pairs of matched diagnostic tumors and their relapses as determined by IGH gene rearrangement analysis and/or the CGH profiles. Furthermore, immunohistochemical expression analyses of BCL2 and BCL6/LAZ3 were performed on all cases. Copy number changes were detected in 94% of the diagnostic tumor samples and in all of the relapses. Chromosomal losses in diagnostic tumors were preferentially observed at 8p22-pter (29%), 1p34-pter (26%), 6q23-qter (20%), 17p12-pter (17%) and 22q (17%), 9p23-pter (14%), whereas gains were mainly seen in Xq25–26 (43%), 13q22 (26%), 12cen-q14 (20%), 3q24–25 (11%), 7 (11%), and 18q12–21 (11%). Loss of 22q was significantly more commonly seen in the diagnostic tumor samples with more advanced clinical stage in other words, Stage III–IV compared with Stage I–II, and band 18q21 was significantly more often gained in relapses as compared to diagnostic tumors. None of the recurrent alterations were detected as a single abnormality, suggesting that other genetic lesions below the detection level of CGH may be the initiating event in the tumorigenesis of DLBCL. However, the distribution of CGH alterations support the idea of a progression of genetic events where loss of 8p and 9p and gain of 3q, 13q, and 18q would represent relatively early events because they were distributed in tumors with only two abnormalities.
Future Signals of Health and Welfare Policies and Issues using Social Big Data

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to collect health and welfare-related documents mentioned in and collectable from online channels, analyze important health and welfare keywords through topic and sentimental analyses, detect future signals concerning major policies and issues related to health and welfare services, and propose a prediction model. Methods: 201,849 Health & Welfare related online documents from January 1 to March 31, 2016 from 171 Korean online channels and analyzed such documents using machine learning with random forest and Apriori algorithm association analysis. We used R software (version 3.2.1) for the association analysis data mining and visualization. Results: As for the prediction of future signals of health and welfare policies, policies that were important and supported by the people were welfare payment, health promotion, job, marriage/childbirth, health insurance, and healthcare industry (in this order). Specifically, as support for documents mentioning welfare payment and jobs was high, job creation through building a spontaneous welfare system is thought to be needed. Additionally, similar to the linkage analysis result of policies, as people were against documents that mentioned only {basic pension} policies, but supported documents that included {basic pension, welfare payment, job}, there is a strong demand for the establishment of a welfare system through active self-support and labor of the elderly. Conclusions: Social big data can be utilized in various areas. First, similar to the application in this study, future signals concerning government’s policies and new technologies can be predicted in advance and prepared for. Second, they can be used as a new data collection methods that supplement limitations in survey data collection systems. Finally, a preemptive response system against risk can be established through monitoring and predicting social crisis.
Further Evidence for the JuSt Program as Treatment for Insomnia in Adolescents: Results from a 1-Year Follow-Up Study.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Insomnia in adolescence adversely affects young people's current and future functioning, as well as their mental and physical health. Thus, effective and economic treatment is invaluable. The present study evaluated a 6-session multimodal group therapy, JuSt, for adolescents suffering from insomnia including cognitive-behavioral elements and clinical hypnosis. METHODS Participants (n = 19, 68.4% female) were aged 11-16 years and suffered from insomnia. Sleep onset latency (SOL), time spent awake time after sleep onset (WASO), and sleep efficiency (SE) were measured with sleep logs before and after treatment, and at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up. RESULTS Compared to baseline, SOL and WASO significantly decreased, while there was a significant increase in SE and the feeling of being rested after the JuSt treatment. At 12-month follow-up, all parameters were still significantly different from their baseline level. The long-term effect sizes were at least as large as the short-term effects, indicating a stable improvement. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the JuSt program represents a potent intervention to sustainably reduce insomniac complaints in adolescents. Given the unselected nature of our sample, a broad indication can be assumed. To further evaluate the program's efficacy, randomized controlled trials should be conducted.
The occurrence of chitinase in some bacteria.

SUMMARY: A method for the detection of small quantities of chitinase in culture fluids is described and the results of a survey of representative species of the main groups of bacteria presented. Chitinase is produced by some but not all of the soil and water bacteria. Chitinase appears to be a constitutive enzyme in many species of bacteria; its occurrence may prove of diagnostic value.
Do We Really Need the OECD's BEPS Project?

In this study, we investigate whether the U.S. and European countries truly require the action plan introduced by the OECD to prevent base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS). We investigate whether there are differences between the tax avoidance behavior of firms from the U.S. and that of firms from 14 European countries. Our results show that the mean GAAP effective tax rate (GAAP ETR) of U.S. firms and that of firms in large European countries, such as the U.K., France and Germany, are similar. However, we find larger differences between the statutory tax rates and GAAP ETRs in the U.S. and those in Europe. U.S. firms also have larger permanent book-tax differences than their European counterparts. Furthermore, we investigate whether there are differences between domestic and multinational European corporate groups. Our findings confirm findings from prior research that multinationals are not more tax aggressive than domestic firms.
Synovial mast cells: role in acute and chronic arthritis

Summary: Mast cells reside in the normal synovium and increase strikingly in number in rheumatoid arthritis and other joint diseases. Given the broad spectrum of activity of this lineage, it has for decades been considered probable that mast cells are involved in the pathophysiology of synovitis. Recent work in murine arthritis has substantiated this suspicion, showing that mast cells can contribute importantly to the initiation of inflammatory arthritis. However, the role of the greatly expanded population of synovial mast cells in established arthritis remains unknown. Here we review the current understanding of mast cell function in acute arthritis and consider the potentially important influence of this cell on key processes within the chronically inflamed synovium, including leukocyte recruitment and activation, fibroblast proliferation, angiogenesis, matrix remodeling, and injury to collagen and bone. We also consider recent evidence supporting an immunomodulatory or anti‐inflammatory role for mast cells as well as pharmacologic approaches to the mast cell as a therapeutic target in inflammatory arthritis.
Quality of life, depression and musculoskeletal pain experience among employed women: A controlled study.

OBJECTIVE The musculoskeletal pain is one of the leading health problems among employed women. The aim of our study was to examine musculoskeletal pain, depression and quality of life (QOL) among employed women and find out the differences with unemployed women. METHODS A hundred and fifty employed women and 151 housewives were included in our study. We used visual analog scale (VAS) for the assessment of pain, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) for the depressive symptoms and Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) for the assessment of QOL. RESULTS The ratio of musculoskeletal pain among employed women and unemployed women were found as 42.5% and 57.5% respectively. A mild level of depression was found among employed women whereas moderate and vigorous level of depression were found among unemployed women. There were significant differences in terms of depression and QOL parameters. When the correlations of pain, depression and QOL were analyzed, significant high positive relationships between spinal, lower extremity, upper extremity pain levels and BDI and NHP were found only in housewives. CONCLUSIONS Lower levels of depression among employed women can give the idea that social ambience at work place, focusing at work and economic independence play a role in decreasing depression.
Study on Influencing Factors for Investment Strategy of Chinese Cultural Industry

This paper analyzes relations of influence of the four factors, including corporate external financing capacity, governance mechanism, systems and talents environment, on longsighted investment strategy for cultural industry using the least square method of regression analysis by data samples. The study finds enhancing corporate external financing capacity, improving its governance mechanism, optimizing its systems and talents environment for a competitive promotion and a strategic investment transformation from shortsighted to longsighted for culture industry.
Labor force dynamics of older men.

"This paper describes and analyzes movements of older men among labor force states [in the United States] using quarterly observations derived from the Retirement History Survey (RHS). " The results indicate "substantial undercounts in the biannual data, indicating that the prevalence of labor force movements at older ages has been underestimated previously. The results show that labor force dynamics at older ages are important, including duration and spell occurrence dependence, and work experience effects. These effects are robust to nonparametric controls for unobserved heterogeneity. The estimates indicate that social security benefits have strong effects on the timing of labor force transitions at older ages, but that changes in social security benefit levels over time have not contributed much to the trend toward earlier labor force exit. "
Changes in clinical and blood lipid metabolism parameters in Holstein dairy cattle during the transition period

The transition period is a critical period in the production cycle of the dairy cow. This study aimed to describe the clinical and biochemical changes, particularly lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB-100), during the transition period in dairy cattle. It was conducted on Holstein dairy cattle (n=80) classified into control cows (n=61) and diseased cows (n=19). They belonged to dairy farms in Ebetsu city, Hokkaido area, Japan. Body condition score (BCS) was significantly reduced in postfresh control cows when they were compared to those of close-up control group. Serum LCAT and apoB-100 were remarkably increased (P<0.05) at close-up period control group when they compared with those in close-up period diseased one. LCAT activities were also remarkably increased (P<0.05) while apoB-100 showed no significant changes at postfresh control cattle when they were compared to their values at post-fresh diseased cattle. Although apoB-100 was within the normal physiological reference values in the control and diseased cattle, it was lower than physiological reference values in 9.83% of the control cattle and in 26.32% of the diseased group. Blood glucose and packed cell volume were still within the physiological reference range in all cows. The study concluded that LCAT activities were a highly sensitive diagnostic marker of the transition period and of higher predictive value and diagnostic significance than the other lipid profile indicators of transition period disorders.