Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Children, internet cultures and online social networks

Giving voice to the children, this article will look specifically at the use of the internet by children as an instrument of both cultural consumption and cultural production. By focusing on online activities and preferred websites, it aims at understanding not just the cultural practices of children but also how those, in turn, help building peer cultures. Online Social Networks play a particular role in this issue and children and young people are among their most intensive users. They are multidimensional tools that bring together different assets from other pre-existing services: they can be used both for communication, for sociability, for self-expression, as well as for entertainment and leisure or for educational aims. They allow maintaining, re-kindling or forging new social ties. These sites feed and strengthen pre-existing sociability ties from the real world, becoming structural building blocks of a peer culture increasingly shaped by technological innovations. To be or not to be in these networks, where online and offline realms nourish each other, means belonging or being excluded from a shared condition of childhood, where the values of communication, self-disclosure, autonomy and experimentalism have acquired an extraordinary relevance.
Consumer Credit in Italy: A Welfare Analysis

Demand for consumer credit on the part of Italian households has risen sharply in recent years. According to the economic reference models for analysis of the choices made by households in terms of consumption, saving and indebtedness, the possibility of borrowing guarantees greater economic wellbeing as it allows individuals to maintain a uniform consumption trend over time. The recent dynamics of the Italian consumer credit market, however, indicate that the reasons behind recourse to credit and the consequences of it may be different from what has been traditionally believed and that recourse to credit may also be due to an inadequate economic-financial situation of the borrower. Using the Survey of Household Income and Wealth for 2004, the study examines the reasons underlying participation in the consumer credit market and the sums borrowed in order to ascertain whether the growth in the spread of and demand for consumer credit in Italy can be attributed to a change in the determinants and/or economic, financial and socio-demographic characteristics of the households involved, hence the households that most often make use of consumer credit are those that are most vulnerable to adverse economic and financial events. The results highlight that the consumer credit market follows different dynamics with respect to other types of household credit, for example mortgages. Consumer credit is not closely linked to the lifecycle and is more sensitive to factors such as current income, consumer behaviour, relaxation of the liquidity constraints and the financial situation of individuals. The latter is an important determinant both of the probability of participation in the market and of the sum borrowed. The analysis highlights that a relatively large part of consumer credit is concentrated in the hands of financially fragile households and that a difficult financial situation significantly increases the risk of overindebtedness. The result is interesting and deserves further investigation in order to analyze the effects it can have on the household, the possible consequences on the economic margins of the financial institutions and the effectiveness of the measures for prevention and management of overindebtedness adopted by policy makers.
Impact of Word of Mouth on Consumer Buying Decision

An objective of this research is to determine the word of mouth effects on consumers buying decision negative or positive. The collected data is primary and it is collected from different areas of Karachi city of Pakistan from students of colleges, universities and households. Sample size is one hundred. The collected information/and data is evaluated with the help Frequency Distribution and ranking (Statics Technique). In conclusion it is revealed that for purchasing mostly consumer trust on word of mouth. The respondents seem like to have an impact on consumers’ decision and close family, close friend, and other associates. More result shows two things can be the reason to create difficulties for the company such as a bitter experience of any product/service and any comments (word of mouth especially negative) because negative word of mouth or any negative comments about anything influence strongly than positive. Viral Marketing is getting very common in e-business especially for consumers and buyers.
Origin and Evolution of Water in the Moon ’ s Interior

Nearly forty years after the return of the first lunar samples to Earth, improvements in laboratory detection limits made possible the first definitive discovery of magmatic water in lunar volcanic samples. The intervening decade has seen an exponential increase in the amount of data on the abundance of magmatic water, and its hydrogen isotope composition, in various rock types recovered from the Moon. Here we review these data and describe how the abundance of water in the lunar interior places important constraints on models for the high-temperature origin and evolution of the Moon. 89 Click here to view this article's online features: • Download figures as PPT slides • Navigate linked references • Download citations • Explore related articles • Search keywords ANNUAL REVIEWS Further A nn u. R ev . E ar th P la ne t. Sc i. 20 17 . 4 5: 89 -1 11 . D ow nl oa de d fr om w w w . a nn ua lr ev ie w s. or g A cc es s pr ov id ed b y B ro w n U ni ve rs ity o n 01 /2 3/ 18 . F or p er so na l u se o nl y. EA45CH04-Hauri ARI 14 August 2017 12:38
Improve Data Quality for Competitive Advantage

Errors in data can cost a company millions of dollars, alienate customers, and make implementing new strategies difficult or impossible. The author describes a process AT&T uses to recognize poor data and improve their quality. He proposes a three-step method for identifying data-quality problems, treating data as an asset, and applying quality systems to the processes that create data.
Reading other’s intentions: An fMRI study

Theory of Mind (ToM) is a neurocognitive mechanism developed by natural selection to bear social complexity. In literature there is an agreement on the existence of a widely distributed neural network underpinning ToM, including right and left posterior Superior Temporal Sulcus (right pSTS and left pSTS), Precuneus, and Medial Prefrontal Cortex (MPFC). Although the prevalent view is that the MPFC is the key brain area subserving ToM, recently it has been argued that the role of the right posterior STS is more specific than the role of the MPFC for the attribution of mental states. In order to contribute to the scientific debate regarding the key regions of the ToM network, here we introduce a new theoretical distinction among varieties of intentions able to detail the role of these brain regions.
Farms and Ecosystem Services

Over the past decade two themes have emerged as organizing principles in natural resources policy. One, ecosystem management, builds a framework for landscape–level decision making (Christensen et al. 1996). The other, ecosystem services, opens a new dimension for thinking about what we hope to achieve through ecosystem management (Daily 1997; Costanza et al. 1997). The convergence of these two themes has become a driving force behind the concept of agricultural multifunctionality, the idea that farms can have multiple outputs—not just commodities—and thus can contribute to several societal objectives simultaneously (Jordan et al. 2007; OECD 2001). Agriculture has been engaged in ecosystem management since long before the term came into the natural resources policy lexicon. Farms alter and then manage ecological processes and functions on small and large scales. In so doing, farms reconfigure ecological attributes to maximize what are known as provisioning services—the food, fiber, energy, and other commodities supplied by nature (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) 2005). Farms manage these provisioning services to optimize on–site farm production, often at the expense of off–site environmental conditions. Farms are associated, for example, with soil erosion, nutrient and pesticide runoff, and groundwater depletion (Ruhl 2000; Vitousek, Mooney, Lubchenco and Melillo 1997).
Market orientation and customer-based corporate brand equity (CBCBE): a dyadic study of Indian B2B firms

The relationship between market orientation (MO) and one of its most important consequences – firm performance – has received considerable attention in marketing research. Performance has been largely judged through financial or objective measures. This paper connects assimilation of MO in firms with corporate brand performance since academics have not used judgmental or market-based measures in assessing performance. We have introduced customer-based corporate brand equity to obtain a rounded idea of firm performance. This is achieved through a dyadic study, instead of self-assessment, wherein the marketing chiefs of B2B firms and their respective organisational customers are surveyed to gauge the effects of incorporating MO. We have shown that corporate brand performance is enhanced significantly in the presence of organisational innovativeness. From a practitioner’s perspective, the study details the organisational actions to be taken to assimilate MO and how those can be exploited to enhance corporate brand performance.
Regulation of leucoplast morphology in roots

The appearance of leaf mesophyll chloroplasts in angiosperms is characterized by their uniform and static shape, which is molded by symmetric division of the preexisting organelles, involving three prokaryote-derived proteins: the division executor protein, FtsZ, and the division site positioning proteins, MinD and MinE. On the other hand, noncolored plastids in roots, where the involvement of the known chloroplast division factors in plastid morphogenesis is yet unclear, are morphologically heterogeneous and transform dynamically. This is further emphasized by the active formation of long tubular protrusions called stromules from the main body of those plastids. Molecular regulation and physiological significance of such dynamic morphology of root plastids also remain unknown. In this context, we have recently demonstrated that the mitochondrial respiratory inhibitor antimycin A induces rapid and reversible filamentation of root plastids (leucoplasts) in Arabidopsis thaliana. In contrast, the same treatment with antimycin A did not affect the morphology of amyloplasts in the columella cells at the root tip. The alternative oxidase inhibitor salicylhydroxamic acid suppresses the antimycin-induced plastid filamentation, perhaps implying an alternative oxidase-mediated interorganellar signaling between the mitochondria and the leucoplasts in the root cells. Our data may provide some clues as to how the formation of stromules is initiated.
A Paradox About the Multi-Level Marketing

Over the past 50 years, the Multi-level Marketing (MLM) has become an important business strategy. MLM is a marketing method in which independent distributors of a product get profi ts not only from their own sales, but also from recruiting other distributors. According to the promoters and some distributors in that business, the main objective of the distributors is to sell and not to recruit. However, a paradox arises: if the real intention is to sell, why does a distributor recruit other distributors who will become his competitors? Why do people allow others to be their competitors while in any classical business the holder tries to avoid competition? Using a simple model, we explain this paradox by the particular economic structure of the MLM organization. People recruit to get a price leading power which facilitates selling activity.
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF A MEDETOMIDINE–AZAPERONE–ALFAXALONE COMBINATION IN CAPTIVE WHITE-TAILED DEER (ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS)

Abstract Alfaxalone is a neurosteroid that interacts with gamma-aminobutyric type A receptors to produce central nervous system depression and muscle relaxation. The effects of alfaxalone vary from sedation to general anesthesia. Alfaxalone is synergistic with other tranquilizers and sedatives and therefore has the potential to improve existing alpha-2 adrenergic agonist–based combinations used for wildlife immobilization. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy and cardiopulmonary effects of a medetomidine–azaperone–alfaxalone (MAA) combination in captive white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Eight captive white-tailed deer were restrained in a drop-floor chute; hand injected i.m. with 0.15 mg/kg medetomidine, 0.2 mg/kg azaperone, and 0.5 mg/kg alfaxalone; and released into a small enclosure for observation. The deer were maintained in lateral recumbency for a total time from postinjection (PI) of the drug of 60 min. At 60 min PI, atipamezole was administered i.m. at five times the medetomidine dose. Heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, and direct systolic, mean, and diastolic arterial blood pressures were recorded every 5 min. Arterial blood samples were taken every 15 min for blood gas analysis. Level of sedation and quality of recovery were scored. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance and descriptive statistics with a significance level of P < 0.05. Induction (time to lateral recumbency, 7.1 ± 2.4 min (mean ± SD) and recovery times (time to standing, 9.1 ± 3.1 min) were comparable to currently used medetomidine-based combinations in white-tailed deer. Major cardiopulmonary effects observed (values reported are 15 min PI of immobilizing drugs) were hypoxemia (PaO2, 54 ± 9 mm Hg), hypoventilation (PaCO2, 55 ± 3 mm Hg), and mixed acid-base disturbances (pH, 7.22 ± 0.04). No adverse effects were observed after recovery from anesthesia. MAA produced a satisfactory level of deep sedation for safe handling and minor procedures in captive white-tailed deer.
Urban Regeneration in Dutch, French and German Social Housing Areas

Despite national and local peculiarities, some common European trends in social housing regeneration policies can be identified. This chapter outlines the differences and similarities among current urban-regeneration approaches in three major European countries: France, Germany and the Netherlands. It shows how these approaches affect the social housing stock and sets out trends, future challenges and questions for future research. The chapter identifies three major periods of post-war urban regeneration across most of Europe: area clearance (1945–early 1970s); housing renewal and the shifting role of governments (mid-1970s to mid-1990s); integrated policies (mid-1990s to early 2010s). The historic overview demonstrates that urban regeneration has changed over time from a technical discipline to a complex process that integrates an increasing number of aspects and actors, carrying out activities at different scales, with a variety of often similar strategies and methods.
Vascular risk factors in glaucoma: a review

Glaucoma, one of the major causes of blindness in the world, is a progressive optic neuropathy. Elevated intraocular pressure is a well‐known major risk factor for glaucoma. In addition, there is growing evidence that vascular factors may play a role in glaucoma pathogenesis. Systemic (e.g. hypertension, diabetes) and ocular vascular factors (e.g. ocular blood flow, ocular perfusion pressure) have been assessed for associations with glaucoma. However, direct and convincing evidence for primary mechanisms of glaucoma is still lacking. The aim of this review is to summarize the evidence implicating vascular factors in the pathogenesis of glaucoma, with particular emphasis on the role of ocular blood flow and ocular circulation as risk factors for primary open angle glaucoma.
Insurance and other financial services

An eddy current retarder includes a rotor (3) fitted over a rotating shaft (1) at one end thereof and a support ring (7) around which a plurality of permanent magnets (10) are circumferentially provided in such a manner that the polarities of any adjacent magnets become opposite to each other. The support ring (7) is provided such that it is allowed to move back and forth in the axial direction of the rotating shaft (1) from a first position where the pole surfaces of the permanent magnets (10) fully confront the rotor (3) with a predetermined gap being secured therebetween to a second position where the former fully deviate from the latter. A boss portion (22) of the rotor (3) adapted to confront the permanent magnets (10) circumferentially provided around the support ring (7) and a cylindrical portion of the same are connected to each other by a support member (31), and this support member (31) comprises a fan (30) having axial blades (35) and radial blades (36) formed, respectively, radially inwardly and radially outwardly of the support member (31). Stator blades (37) are circumferentially provided close to the axial blades (35) on a bearing housing tube (4) fitted over the rotating shaft (1), and cooling fins (28) are radially provided on the external circumferential surface of the bearing housing tube (4) in such a manner as to protrude therefrom.
Phosphorylation of Tyrosine Hydroxylase by Cyclic GMP‐Dependent Protein Kinase

Abstract: Tyrosine hydroxylase purified from rat pheochro‐mocytoma was phosphorylated and activated by purified cyclic GMP‐dependent protein kinase as well as by cyclic AMP‐dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit. The extent of activation was correlated with the degree of phosphate incorporated into the enzyme. Comparable stoichio‐metric ratios (0.6 mol phosphate/mol tyrosine hydroxylase subunit) were obtained at maximal concentrations of either cyclic AMP‐dependent or cyclic GMP‐dependent protein kinases. The enzymes appeared to mediate the phosphorylation of the same residue based on the observation that incorporation was not increased when both enzymes were present. The major tryptic phosphopeptide obtained from tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylated by each protein kinase exhibited an identical retention time following HPLC. The purified phosphopeptides also exhibited identical isoelectric points. These data provide support for the notion that the protein kinases are phosphorylating the same residue of tyrosine hydroxylase.
The Governance Slack Model: A Cash Flow Approach for the Budgeting and Accountability of Some Corporate Governance Issues

This paper introduces a cash flow model to budget and monitor distinctive matters usually arising in corporate governance. By enlarging the standard cash flow model widely used in Finance, and avoiding some of its downsides, it sets up a composite of cash flows called governance slack, which amounts to a comprehensive budget for the most usual governance issues. This slack has a dual structure whose dynamics keeps track of uses and sources of its components, preventing likely agency problems and improving not only disclosure but accountability as well.
Double-threshold technique-based tracks association in multisensor-multitarget tracking

A great deal of attention is currently focused on multi-sensor track fusion (TF), for it can not only achieve improved performance and provide more inferences, but also reduce the computational complexity and the bandwidth of transmission. This paper makes use of Joint Probabilistic Data Association (JPDA) algorithm to track the multi-target for each sensor in cluttered environment. And one of the most important aspects of multi-sensor track fusion is track-to-track-association (TTTA). To solve the problem, an approach of double-threshold tracks association is presented. It uses the track weighted fusion approach to fuse each track from sensors. Compared to a single sensor's performance, Simulation results show that the proposed approach achieves considerable performance improvement for multisensor-multitarget tracking in cluttered environment.
Multimodal representation contributes to the complex development of science literacy in a college biology class

Approved: __________________________ Thesis Supervisor __________________________ Title and Department __________________________ Date MULTIMODAL REPRESENTATION CONTRIBUTES TO THE COMPLEX DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE LITERACY IN A COLLEGE BIOLOGY CLASS by William Drew Bennett A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in Science Education in the Graduate College of The University of Iowa
Something Free or Something Off? A Comparative Study of the Purchase Effects of Premiums and Price Cuts

Facing cutthroat price competition, manufacturers and retailers increasingly rely on non-price promotion techniques, such as premium promotions, where consumers receive a free gift with the purchase of a product. Despite the omnipresence of premium promotions, research to date has not fully answered the question whether and under which conditions premiums outperform plain price cuts. We use data from a large online shopping simulation with more than 2,000 consumers to model purchase behavior in response to premiums and price cuts. Our results indicate that the impact of premiums on consumers’ incidence, choice, and quantity decisions is systematically lower than that of equivalent price cuts. However, a premium’s relative underperformance in terms of purchase effects may well be offset by the premium’s cost advantage, especially in hedonic categories and for private label brands. We demonstrate that, as a result, manufacturers and retailers alike may be better off spending their promotion dollars on premiums than on price cuts.
Factors Influencing Wheat Yield and Variability: Evidence from Manitoba, Canada

Production functions to explain regional wheat yields have not been studied extensively in the Canadian prairies. The objective of this study is to employ a Just-Pope production function to examine the relationship between fertilizer inputs, soil quality, biodiversity indicators, cultivars qualifying for Plant Breeders' Rights (PBR), and climatic conditions on the mean and variance of spring wheat yields. Using regional-level wheat data from Manitoba, Canada, model results show nitrogen fertilizer, temporal diversity, and PBR wheat cultivars are associated with increased yield variance. Mean wheat yield is reduced by the proportion of land in wheat, the interaction of growing temperature and precipitation, and spatial diversity. By contrast, higher soil quality and PBR wheat cultivars increase mean yield. The wheat yield increases attributed to PBR range from 37.2 (1.4%) to 54.5 kg/ha (2.0%). Plant Breeders' Rights may have enhanced royalties from increased certified seed sales, but the benefits in terms of higher wheat yield or lower yield variability are limited. Future research is required to understand the interactive effects of fertilization practices, genetic diversity, and environmental conditions on regional wheat yield stability.
Governance in Social Enterprises

Social enterprises—organisations that pursue a social mission using market mechanisms—are promising vehicles to create both social and economic value for society. Navigating and/or aligning multiple goals and interests of stakeholders is critical for them to avoid mission drift, i.e. losing sight of their social mission, while navigating market and political pressures. Governance has been identified as a key mechanism that helps social enterprises to thrive as hybrid organisations, fulfilling multiple goals and attending to demands of multiple stakeholders. In this chapter, we review canonical theoretical approaches on corporate governance and assess their usefulness to understand governance of social enterprises. We highlight productive angles to examine social enterprise governance and provide first empirical insights on how social enterprises are governed in order to inform future research in this domain.