Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gender Segregation in Vocational Education: Introduction

This introductory chapter develops the overall research focus and the aim of the present special issue ‘Gender segregation in vocational education’. Against the backdrop of strong horizontal gender segregation in vocational education and training (VET), we ask how institutional arrangements affect gendered (self-)selection into VET, and to what extent the patterns of the latter vary by context and over time. In order to expand our knowledge about the impact of educational offers and policies on gendered educational pathways and gender segregation in the labour market, we have gathered comparative quantitative studies that analyse the relationship between national variations in the organization of VET and cross-national differences in educational and occupational gender segregation from an institutional perspective. Following a review of the core literature within the field of gender segregation in VET, this introduction presents a discussion of education system classifications and institutional level mechanisms based on the contributions made in this volume. We then discuss gendered educational choices at the individual level, with particular emphasis on variation across the life course. Finally, we conclude our introductory chapter by commenting on the main contributions of the volume as a whole, as well as addressing suggestions for further research.
An Empirical Analysis of Website Data Deletion and Opt-Out Choices

Paste the appropriate copyright statement here. ACM now supports three different copyright statements: • ACM copyright: ACM holds the copyright on the work. This is the historical approach. • License: The author(s) retain copyright, but ACM receives an exclusive publication license. • Open Access: The author(s) wish to pay for the work to be open access. The additional fee must be paid to ACM. This text field is large enough to hold the appropriate release statement assuming it is single spaced in a sans-serif 7 point font. Every submission will be assigned their own unique DOI string to be included here. Abstract With the implementation of the GDPR, users are expected to have more choices regarding their online privacy. However, it is important to understand the current paradigm of how these online privacy choices are offered by websites, and evaluate whether people can use them effectively. In this workshop paper we present our progress on an empirical study of websites’ data deletion and opt-out choices. We find that although privacy choices are being offered, there is variation across websites in terms of where those choices are located and how they are described. Results from our analysis could help pinpoint these inconsistencies and improve the overall user experience for expressing these types of privacy controls.
Preparation of CuGaO 2 Thin Film by a Sol-Gel Method Using Two Kinds of Metal Source Combination

We prepare CuGaO2 thin films on SiO2 substrates by using the sol-gel spin-coating method with two combinations of Cu and a Ga source, Cu and Ga nitrate, or acetylacetonate. X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the thin films prepared using nitrate sol that are annealed at a temperature of 850°C - 950°C show both c-axis-orientated peaks, (006) and a non-c-axis-oriented peak (012) with similar intensity; little dependence of signal intensity on annealing temperature is also shown. The films are opaque in appearance at these annealing temperatures. Scanning electron microscope observation reveals that the opaque appearance is due to the texture or cracks on the surface of the films. In contrast, the films prepared using acetylacetonate show a (006) peak with higher signal intensity than the (012) peaks. The films show more transparent appearance than that of the films by nitrate. The highest conductivity of the film is 5.7 × 10-4Ω-1·cm-1, obtained in the films by nitrate annealed at 850°C.
Alignment-Based Topic Extraction Using Word Embedding

Being able to extract targeted topics from text can be a useful tool for understanding the large amount of textual data that exists in various domains. Many methods have surfaced for building frameworks that can successfully extract this topic data. However, it is often the case that a large number of training samples must be labeled properly, which requires both time and domain knowledge. This paper introduces new alignment-based methods for predicting topics within textual data that minimizes the dependence upon a large, properly-labeled training set. Leveraging Word2Vec word embeddings trained using unlabeled data in a semi-supervised approach, we are able to reduce the amount of labeled data necessary during the text annotation process. This allows for higher prediction levels to be attained in a more time-efficient manner with a smaller sample size. Our method is evaluated on both a publicly available Twitter sentiment classification dataset and on a real estate text classification dataset with 30 topics.
Laterality in Animals

The International Journal of Comparative Psychology, Vol. 3, No. LATERALITY IN Fall 1989 ANIMALS Lesley University of We now know that laterality in various forms is Rogers England J. New a characteristic and that it apparently developed very early in evolution. Yet, some hundred years had to elapse after the discov- ery that there was lateralization, or asymmetry, for control of speech in the human brain, before any earnest attempts were made to dis- of a wide range of species, cover or recognise the presence of laterality in nonhuman species (see Robinson, Becker & Camp, 1983). The reason for this delay appears to have been the belief that lateralization of brain function was a char- to the human species, placing our species above all other species. This belief had been preceded by a well-developed mythology sur- rounding the sinistral-dextral dichotomy of handedness in humans acteristic unique (Corballis, 1983, pp. 1-9), and the belief that dextrality was also a uniquely human characteristic. It has been argued that shared tool use by humans caused laterality of limb use and, in turn, specializa- tion of the left hemisphere for language (Frost, 1980; Bradshaw & Nettleton, 1982). Thus, the population bias in handedness in humans was seen to be intimately related to our superior ability to use tools, and the pop- ulation bias in lateralization of function in the cerebral hemispheres was seen to be the basis of our superior ability for language. Not surprisingly, these unique attributes afforded to the human species were reluctantly relinquished by many psychologists, some (e.g. Levy, 1974, 1979) clinging to them well after lateralization of function in the nervous system had been clearly demonstrated in more than one nonhuman species, in particular for control of singing in song-birds (Nottebohm, 1971; see later). Address correspondence to Lesley J. Rogers, Physiology Department, University of England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia. New Human Sciences Press
Orientifold dual for stuck NS5 branes

We establish T-duality between NS5 branes stuck on an orientifold 8-plane in type I' and an orientifold construction in type IIB with D7 branes intersecting at angles. Two applications are discussed. For one we obtain new brane constructions, realizing field theories with gauge group a product of symplectic factors, giving rise to a large new class of conformal N=1 theories embedded in string theory. Second, by studying a D2 brane probe in the type I' background, we get some information on the still elusive (0,4) linear sigma model describing a perturbative heterotic string on an ADE singularity.
Air Flow Analysis of a Rotating Cylinder through Numerical Simulation

The complete flow field surrounding a rotating cylinder is calculated by solving the Navier-Stokes equations using the finite difference method. The numerical simulation is performed on a transformed rectilinear grid, with axes representing the radial and angular dimensions. Different boundary conditions of the simulations are tested by changing the tangential speed of the rotating cylinder, ranging from subsonic to supersonic speed. The following variables in the modeled flow fields are analyzed: temperature, velocity, pressure, density, and stress. The large gradient of velocity near the cylinder is found to create high stress, which leads to rise in temperature. Pressure and density near the cylinder decreases as the speed of the cylinder increases. The proposed simulation method and analysis of air flow can be extended to the modeling of air flow around a Diabolo.
Nutrition, Genes and Modern Disease: A Current Dilemma or a Legacy of our Past

Contemporary humans are genetically adapted to the environment that their ancestors survived in and that consequently selected their genetic makeup. Since the agricultural revolution some 10,000 years ago, the lifestyles and dietary requirements of modern humans have changed dramatically. It is suggested that these changes have occurred too recently on an evolutionary time scale for the modern human genome to adapt. Therefore, our ancestral genome is ill-suited for our current modern consumption and existence, and thus contributes to diseases associated with contemporary lifestyles, such as cardiovascular disease, obesity and type 2 diabetes. It is therefore suggested that a diet similar to our ancestors could circumvent many of our modern illnesses and serve as a reference for better nutrition, health, and longevity. Although this model should certainly be commended for its simplistic dietary practices that no doubt improve health and well-being; its premise is cemented in the thrifty genome hypothesis and the fact that humans are modern hunters and gatherers whose genome is ill-suited for modern diets. This is a disjointed view of modern humans and our ability to evolve under different eco regions and nutritional pressures through post-genomic and post-transcriptional changes in our genome. Accordingly, a major challenge associated with nutritional research is to understand how these changes in our genome reflect on our nutrition habits and lifestyles to ameliorate many of our modern lifestyle diseases.
Diagnosis of Pentatrichomonas hominis from domestic cats in Southeastern Brazil*

dos Santos C.S. , McIntosh D. , Berto B.P., de Jesus V.L. T. , da Rocha C.N. C. , Fernandes J.I. , Scott F.B. & Lopes C.W. G. Diagnosis of Pentatrichomonas hominis from domestic cats in Southeastern Brazil. [Diagnóstico de Pentatrichomonas hominis em gatos no sudeste do Brasil. ] Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 37(Supl.1):25-31, 2015. Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Anexo 1, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BR-465 Km 7, Campus Seropédica, RJ 23897-970, Brasil. E-mail: carolinespitz@yahoo.com. br The parabasalid flagellate Tritrichomonas foetus is recognized as the causative agent of large bowel diarrhea in domestic cats. A second species of parabasalid flagellate Pentatrichomonas hominis, has also been reported in association with domestic cats, albeit almost exclusively as a commensal organism. However, there is growing evidence to suggest that P. hominis may also be involved in feline gastro-intestinal disorders including diarrhea and that the incidence of infection with P. hominis may have been underestimated due to it being misidentified as T. foetus. The aim of the current study was to establish the basis for routine morphological identification of P. hominis employing light microscopy and to apply the methodology to the examination of cases of diarrhea in a laboratory population of Brazilian domestic cats (n =39). A detailed morphological description of P. hominis isolated from 11 cats with diarrhea was produced and molecular analyses were performed in support of the morphological data and to demonstrate the absence of T. foetus in infected cats. All animals with diarrhea were demonstrated to be infected solely with P. hominis. The findings of the current study provide a straight forward and validated method for the differential diagnosis of P. hominis and contribute to the on-going debate surrounding the pathogenic potential of this parabasalid flagellate.
Limitations and Implication : An Opportunity for an Assessment Model

The purpose of this paper is to examine research conducted on head teacher leadership in Zambia and tease out possible inclination towards developing an assessment model that will be capable of identifying leadership behaviours and practices that are most likely lead to school performance and student achievement. The paper proposes the development and establishment of an assessment model in Zambia in line with the learning-centred leadership framework while taking into account local context as a basis. The Kalabo Assessment of Leadership in Education (KALE) model is proposed as an alternative framework for Zambian standards.
Obesity, Diabetes and Gastrointestinal Malignancy: The role of Metformin and other Anti-diabetic Therapy

The association between Diabetes and cancer has been known for decades with obesity and insulin resistance being postulated as the main underlying risk factors for both disorders. With rise of the epidemic of obesity in the USA and around the globe, there has been a rise in diabetes that is currently reaching epidemic proportions. Diabetes is known to be associated with increased risk of several types of malignancy including breast, cervical, pancreatic and colon cancer. In this review, we discuss the epidemic of obesity and its consequential epidemic of diabetes highlighting the pathophysiologic mechanisms of increased cancer in the diabetic population. We will then discuss the role of insulin therapy as well as, other antidiabetic medications, particularly metformin that has been to be associated with lower risk as well as better survival with GI malignancies based on several studies including a study that was recently published by our group.
Analysis of causes that led to baby Huda Sharif's intracranial and retinal bleeding and fractures of the left humerus and the 7 th rib

Huda was 10-weeks-old when her parents took her to the hospital on July 13, 2008. She was diagnosed with subdural hygroma, an acute left mid shaft humerus fracture, healed left 7 th rib fracture, and minor retinal bleeding. Her blood coagulation and genetic osteogenesis imperfecta tests were normal. Her father was accused of causing the bone fractures and arrested. Huda and her 15-month-old sister were placed with a foster family. My investigation reveals that the likely source of Huda’s subdural hygroma is subdural bleeding. Huda was born at 40 weeks gestation by vacuum assisted Caesarian-section and her head circumference increased by 2.1 cm within 5 days. It is likely that the vacuum instrument caused subdural bleeding. Increased intracranial pressure led to retinal bleeding.
Larval Food Supply Constrains Female Reproductive Schedules in Hippodamia convergens (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

ABSTRACT Reproductive schedules are a critical aspect of life history intrinsically linked to a species' ecology. We explored dynamic trajectories of daily fecundity, egg size, and egg fertility in three size classes of Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville produced by varying larval access to food, eggs of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller. Adult pairs were held with ad libitum food and eggs were collected daily, counted, and a subsample measured. Egg fertility declined steeply over 25 clutches in small females, gradually in large females, but remained relatively stable in medium females. In small females, egg size and daily fecundity declined in a linear manner. There was no clear indication of an egg size-number tradeoff. In medium females, both egg size and daily fecundity peaked around the 16th day of oviposition, after which both declined. Large females began oviposition earlier and achieved peak egg size about day 7, and peak fecundity around day 12. Large females thus expressed a larger proportion of their reproductive effort early in adult life, a strategy inferred to be adaptive in the context of aphidophagy; a larger proportion of progeny would develop early in the exponential growth phase of the prey population when food is most abundant. Increases in egg size during this period may improve the survival of later-developing progeny; prey become scarce as aphid outbreaks decline and competition intensifies, favoring offspring with a larger body size at eclosion. Larval diet restriction appeared to constrain these presumably adaptive changes in egg size and daily fecundity, largely through effects on maternal body size.
Seasonal and spatial species richness variation of dung beetle (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae s. str.) in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil

The knowledge on Atlantic Forest scarab beetle fauna is quite limited. This biome is strongly degraded and these insects can be used as bioindicators since they are sensitive to forest destruction and show distinct organizational patterns in forest fragments or in areas that have been deteriorated by human activity. Thus, a study of the Scarabaeidae (sensu stricto) dung beetles fauna that inhabit Serra do Japi, Sao Paulo, Brazil (23o12'-23o22' S and 46o53'-47o03'W) was carried out; the monthly species richness was analyzed in six areas during one year and the vegetation's structural physiognomy was described. The areas included a conserved and a degraded valley, a northward and a southward hillside, a hilltop, and an area of secondary forest growing under eucalyptus trees. The specimens were collected using four pitfall traps baited with human feces, which remained at each spot during 48 hours. Between September, 1997 and August, 1998, 3524 individuals of 39 species were collected; the most abundant were: Canthidium trinodosum, Eurysternus cyanescens, Uroxys kratochvili, Scybalocanthon nigriceps, Uroxys lata, Canthonella sp. , Dichotomius assifer, Deltochilum furcatum, Canthidium sp.2, Canthon latipes, Deltochilum rubripenne, Eurysternus sp. , and Dichotomius sp.1. The number of individuals and species was greater in the hot, rainy season, when there was a correlation between the number of species and the mean annual temperature [r2= 0.69; p<0.01]. The lower winter richness was most pronounced in the conserved valley, while richness remained relatively constant in the degraded valley; abundance was much higher in the degraded valley. The cluster analysis showed that the valleys and hillsides are the most similar in relation to species composition and abundance, yet different from the secondary forest with eucalypts and the hilltop.
A 500-MHz-1.25-GHz fast-locking pulsewidth control loop with presettable duty cycle

A 500-MHz-1.25-GHz fast-locking pulsewidth control loop (PWCL) with presettable duty cycle is realized in 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS technology. The proposed voltage-difference-to-digital converter and switched charge pump circuits reduce the lock time of a conventional PWCL. Compared with the conventional PWCL, the proposed circuit can reduce the lock time by a factor of 2.58. A method to preset the duty cycle of the output clock is also described. Circuit measurements verify that the duty cycle of the output clock can be adjusted from 35% to 70% in steps of 5%.
Gait Recognition by Deformable Registration

This paper describes a method of gait recognition robust against intra-subject posture changes. A person sometimes walks with changing his/her posture when looking down at a smartphone or carrying a heavy object, which makes intra-subject variation large and consequently makes gait recognition difficult. We therefore introduce a deformable registration model to mitigate the intra-subject posture changes. More specifically, we represent a deformation field by a set of deformation vectors on lattice-type control points allocated on an image, i.e., by free-form deformation (FFD) framework. Given a pair of a probe and a gallery, we compute the deformation field so as to minimize the difference between a probe morphed by the deformation field and the gallery, as well as to ensure the spatial smoothness of the deformation field. We then learn the intra-subject eigen deformation modes from a training set of the same subjects' pairs (e.g., bending the upper body forward and swinging arms more), which are relatively different from inter-subject deformation modes (e.g., body shape spread and stride change). Moreover, because the deformable registration is responsible for a preprocessing part before matching, it can be combined with any types of matching algorithms for gait recognition. Experiments with 1,334 subjects show that the proposed method improves the gait recognition accuracy in both cases without and with a state-of-the-art deep learning-based matcher, respectively.
Identifying Antimalarial Drug Targets by Cellular Network Analysis

Malaria is one of the most deadly parasitic infectious diseases and identifying novel drug targets is mandatory for the development of new drugs. To find drug targets, metabolic and signaling networks have been constructed. These networks have been investigated by graph theoretical methods. Furthermore, mechanistic models have been set up based on stoichiometric equations. At equilibrium, production and consumption of internal metabolites need to be balanced leading to a large set of flux equations, and this can be used for metabolic flux simulations to identify drug targets. Analysis of flux variability and knockout simulations were applied to detect potential drug targets whose absence reduces the predicted biomass production and hence viability of the parasite in the host cell. Furthermore, not only the parasite was studied, but also the interaction between the host and the parasite, and, based on experimental expression data, stage-specific metabolic models of the parasite were developed, particularly during the red-blood cell stage. In this chapter, these various network-based approaches for drug target prediction will be explained and summarized.
Comparative phytochemical investigation, antioxidant and anticancer properties of leave extracts of four medicinal plants from Chhattisgarh, India

Background: The present study investigates comparative antioxidant, anticancer activity and qualitative, quantitative and spectral characterization of phytochemicals present among aqueous and ethanolic/hydro-ethanolic leave extracts of four medicinal plants viz. Anthocephalus cadamba, Aegle marmelos, Emblica officinalis and Moringa oleifera. Methods and Findings: In vitro antioxidant capacities were evaluated via free radical scavenging assays: DPPH, FRAP, ABTS, phosphomolybdate assay and total reducing capability. In vitro anticancer activity was evaluated against three human cancer cell lines SK-OV-3, A498 and T-24 by SRB assay. Quantitative estimation of phenolic, flavonoids, flavonols and Vitamin C content was done calorimetrically. Spectral characterization of phytochemicals was done via UV-Vis, FTIR and GC-HRMS analysis. Among all the leave extracts, aqueous and hydro-ethanolic leave extracts of E. officinalis has highest reducing power and lowest IC50 value for DPPH free radical with higher phenolic content. Evaluation of anticancer activity of leave extracts showed no significant activity against above cell lines. Spectral characterization of phytochemicals showed the presence of carbohydrates, carboxylic acid, phenols, flavonoid and Vitamins.