Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Die periartikuläre Demineralisation bei Patienten mit Rheumatoider Arthritis – Klinischer Stellenwert der Digitalen Radiogrammetrie als neues Diagnoseverfahren

Zusammenfassung Die periartikuläre Demineralisation im Bereich der Hand- und Fingergelenke stellt eines der frühesten bildmorphologischen Stigmata der Rheumatoiden Arthritis dar. Ein ursächlicher Zusammenhang besteht zur inflammatorischen Aktivierung des RANKL/OPG-Systems und der Inhibierung des Wnt-Signalweges mit konsekutiv gesteigertem Knochenmasseverlust. Durch die klinische Etablierung und Weiterentwicklung der Digitalen Radiogrammetrie als computer-assistierte Diagnosetechnik ist die Quantifizierung der periartikulären Demineralisation nunmehr mit einer hohen Präzision und Reproduzierbarkeit zu gewährleisten. Die Digitale Radiogrammetrie ermöglicht die cross-sektionale als auch longitudinale Evaluierung der periartikulären Demineralisation als Surrogatparameter für eine radiologische und klinische Progression der Rheumatoiden Arthritis. Des Weiteren dient die periartikuläre Demineralisation, detektiert und quantifiziert mittels Digitaler Radiogrammetrie, als hoch sensitiver und spezifischer Marker für Therapieeffekte einer Basis- bzw. Biologika-Medikation und ermöglicht eine Aussage über die Effektivität einer individuell festgelegten Therapie.
Complete and accurate modular numerical computation scheme for multi‐coupled electric drive systems

The accurate computation of multi-coupled electric drive systems is a complex process. In order to consider a variety of physical effects, their interactions as well as the interactions of different components, multiple fields of science have to be addressed. Numerical simulations help to compute these complex systems and to design machines in the best possible way for its specific application. The numerical computation scheme proposed in this study consists of six main sectors: the rough machine design, the preparation of the finite element method including the characterisation and modelling of materials, the electromagnetic simulation, the mechanical simulation, the control and power electronics and the thermal design and simulation. In each of the main sectors, different effects affecting the machine and the system behaviour can be considered and calculated. Depending on the application, they can be added or removed modularly in order to adapt the simulation effort and the simulation accuracy to the application. A detailed insight into the computation methods and approaches in each of these main sectors and their coupling is given in this study.
Mean dynamics and transition to turbulence in oscillatory channel flow

The mean dynamics in oscillatory channel flow is examined to investigate the dynamical mechanisms underlying the transition to turbulence in oscillatory wall-bounded flow. The analyses employ direct numerical simulation data acquired at three Stokes Reynolds numbers: $Re_{s}=648$ , 801 and 1009, where the lower $Re_{s}$ flow is transitional over the entire cycle and the two higher $Re_{s}$ flows exhibit flow characteristics similar to steady turbulent wall-bounded flow during part of the cycle. The flow evolution over a half-period of oscillation for all three $Re_{s}$ is as follows: near-wall streamwise velocity streaks develop during the early accelerating portion of the cycle; then at some later point in the cycle that depends on $Re_{s}$ , the near-wall streaks breakdown (demarking the onset of the nonlinear development stage), and the near-wall Reynolds stress grows explosively; the Reynolds stress remains elevated for part of the cycle before diminishing (yet remaining finite) during the late decelerating portion of the cycle. This process is then repeated indefinitely. The present findings demonstrate that transition to turbulence occurs when the nonlinear development stage begins during the accelerating portion of the cycle. This crucially leads to the diminishing importance of the centreline momentum source, the emergence of a locally accelerating/decelerating internal layer centred about the edge of the Stokes layer and the wall-normal rearrangement of the mean forces prior to the start of the decelerating portion of the cycle. The rearrangement of mean forces culminates in a four layer structure in the mean balance of forces. This is significant on a number of accounts since empirical and theoretical evidence suggests that the formation of a four layer structure is an important characteristic of a self-similar hierarchal structure that underlies logarithmic dependence of the mean velocity profile in steady turbulent wall-bounded flows (Klewicki et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 638, 2009, pp. 73–93). When the nonlinear development stage begins during the decelerating portion of the cycle (i.e. at $Re_{s}=648$ ), a four layer structure is not observed in the mean balance of forces and the flow remains weakly transitional over the entire cycle.
Views of the workplace as a health promotion arena among managers of small companies

Introduction: Several studies have shown that workplace health promotion leads to better health, increased productivity, as well as reduced absenteeism and presenteeism among employees. The objective of this study was to describe how managers in small companies (10–19 employees) perceive their company as an arena for promoting employees’ health. Method: A sample of 10 managers (four women) was strategically selected. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with each person. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using qualitative content analysis. The analysis focused on both manifest and latent content. Results: Three main categories emerged from the analysis: the potential to promote employees’ health, responsibility as an employer and the need for external support. An arena for workplace health promotion is created when managers prioritise health at the workplace. Conclusion: Small companies often lack the knowledge and resources to manage health and safety problems and also have less access to occupational health services. This paper highlights the importance of the views of small company managers as resources for the development of health promotion.
Specific, Robust, Reproducible: The Hunt for the Ideal Biomarker

Identification of robust and specific biochemical/ molecular markers of the cardiovascular disease is one of the biggest challenges in the modern cardiology. Ideally, cardiac markers should be reliable, easy to detect, stable and cost-effective. The results of cardiac marker measurements together with standard diagnostic approaches should provide precise information about the cardiovascular pathology and, ideally, should help to assess the severity of the disease.
Intimate partner violence among couples in 10 DHS countries: Predictors and health outcomes

The goals of this study are threefold: 1) To report the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) among currently married or cohabiting women in 10 developing countries; 2) To identify key characteristics in each country including couple characteristics associated with experiencing physical or sexual IPV; and 3) To describe the association between womens experience of IPV and selected reproductive nutritional and child health outcomes. This report analyzes data from 10 recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS): Bangladesh (2004) Bolivia (2003/2004) the Dominican Republic (2002) Haiti (2005) Kenya (2003) Malawi (2004) Moldova (2005) Rwanda (2005) Zambia (2001/2002) and Zimbabwe (2005/2006). The first part of this report provides prevalence estimates of violence experienced by women within couples who were in marital or cohabiting partnerships at the time of the DHS survey. Next this report uses characteristics of both women and their husbands/cohabiting partners and characteristics of their relationship household and community to evaluate which currently partnered women are most at risk. The final part of the report looks at health outcomes potentially related to womens experience of IPV. The report focuses on currently married or cohabiting women age 20-44. In addition the correlates of violence analysis is restricted to couples in which both partners were interviewed; this restriction does not however apply to the section on the analysis of health outcomes.
Time-Varying Stock-Bond Correlation: Empirical Evidence from Nigeria.

The pattern of correlation between stocks and bonds has important implications for optimal cross-market asset allocation decisions, and risk management strategies by investors. Earlier empirical studies assumed a constant stock-bond correlation. An increasing number of recent studies however, are of the view that the relation exhibits substantial time-variation. This study explores the information in daily correlations, to ascertain the extent and pattern of timevariation with the aim of deriving evidence on time-variation over short periods. The empirical methodology involved statistical inference in conjunction with quantile analysis, using the rolling window sample correlation method. This methodology provides evidence on the statistical importance of the correlation changes, and also facilitates information on timevariation over short periods from the distribution of conditional daily correlations. The study found substantial changes in sizes and signs in the daily correlations. We conclude that there is substantial time-variation in the value of daily correlations. Specifically, the daily correlation changes and takes on high positive and negative values relative to a low historical value. The important implication of frequent change in the correlation is that the hedging benefits from asset portfolios allocated over stock and bonds is subject to frequent changes, as a result portfolio managers approach to evaluating and managing portfolio risk should be dynamic.
Photoelectric-motivated memristor to realize single nerve synapse

Nowadays, memristors are one of the most important ways to realize the nerve synapse. Memristors agree quite well with biological synapses, because they has an electrical resistance that changes from external application conditions. In this paper, we present a theory of the memristive principle of photoelectric-motivated memristors. And the photoelectric-motivated memristor is simulated to have the function of a biological synapse, including synaptic weights, spike-timing-dependent plasticity function, long-term and short-term plasticity, paired-pulse facilitation, and peak-dependent synaptic plasticity. Based on the actual test circuit, the weight of the synapse is adjustable. The photoelectric-motivated memristor provides a direction for the large-scale integration and application of light-controlled electronic synapses in CMOS technology.
Effective thermal conductivity of nanostructures: a review

We present a synthesis of recent results on thermal heat conductivity in nano-composites and nano-structures. The model is a mixt of the Effective Medium Approximation (EMA) and Extended Irreversible Thermodynamics (EXIT). The latter is particularly well adapted to the description of small scaled systems and will be used to derive the expression of the thermal conductivity of nanoparticles. The model is applied to spherical, cylindrical (nanowires) and porous nanoparticles, respectively, being embedded in host media, like polymeric matrices and semi-conductors. Good agreement is observed with other models, experimental data and Monte-Carlo simulations.
Perspectives on Breathing in Sports and Health

Breathing is taken for granted, seldom a conscious effort until one is “out of breath. ” Breath can be held, tight, rapid and shallow, or deep and slow. There are anecdotal examples of activities that breathing interventions can support sports performance and have functional implications. Some competitors sleep with a weight on their chest to strengthen breathing muscles and increase their capacity to force air in to the lungs. For breathing enhancement, some individuals use straw breathing to restrict airflow to stimulate the impulse to inhale. Research has been done on pulmonary function and physical performance, where it may be presumed that participants have highly functional responses. Remarkably, it was noted in 1986 that a healthy pulmonary system may be a limiting factor; affecting oxygen levels plus CO2 transport and elimination during high level physical exertion in well trained athletes [1]. A number of untested speculations were identified with the admonition that a bit more data would be useful.
Synthesis and Characterization of Structural, and Electrical Properties of Mg(0.25x)Cu(0.25x)Zn(1 – 5x)Fe2O4 Ferrites by Sol-Gel Method

The effects of magnesium, copper, and zinc substitutions on spinel ferrites have been investigated by the sol-gel technique. Ferrite compositions of Mg0,25xCu0,25xZn(1−0,5x)Fe2O4 (where x = 0.6, 0.7, 0.8 & 0.9) were prepared at a sintering temperature of 1100 ∘C with a presintering at 500 ∘C. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high-precision impedance analysis are used to characterize structural and dielectric properties, as well as the surface topography and morphology of the samples. A single phase, cubic spinel structure, with decreased lattice constant was observed. SEM micrographs revealed a homogeneous microstructure with uniform size distributions. Both the dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent decrease, as the incident frequency increases up to a certain saturation point. The direct current (dc) resistivity profile shows that the resistivity increases with the temperature up to the Curie point, then it goes to a constant value. The quality factor (Q-factor) increases with the incident frequency. Hence, the high Q-factor will make ferrites highly useful in applications, especially in multilayer chip inductors.
Performance Analysis of TCP New Reno Over Satellite DVB-RCS2 Random Access Links

In this paper, the performance evaluation of TCP New Reno over satellite DVB-RCS2 links with random access is analyzed. Based on the satellite system consisting of a large number of source-destination TCP New Reno pairs, a Markov chain model for a TCP connection is conducted. According to the principles of TCP New Reno, two one-step transition probabilities for the value of congestion window in different data transmission phases (e.g. the slow start phase and congestion avoidance phase) are proposed. In order to analysis the throughput of a TCP connection, according to the packets lost events, three conditions (no packet lost, packets lost in the congestion avoidance phase, and packets lost in the slow start phase), are theoretically analyzed. We analytically derive the upper and lower throughput bounds, simulations and analysis are integrated together to indicate the effective ness and correctness of theoretical analysis. Moreover, we can clearly determine which factor plays role for the performance of TCP New Reno. The analysis not only includes the main algorithms of TCP protocol, but also is developed for general random access. Therefore, the Markov model and the theoretical analysis can be applied to many erasure channel, and the conclusions are extremely critical for the research of improving TCP performance over links with random access.
Evolução automática de algoritmos de redes bayesianas de classificação

Quando nos deparamos com um novo problema de classificacao, selecionar o classificador mais adequado para a tarefa e geralmente um desafio. Isso porque cada base de dados tem caracteristicas diferentes, que podem tornar um classificador mais apropriado que outro. A area de meta-aprendizado surgiu para resolver este tipo de problema: selecionar um algoritmo para uma determinada base de dados de acordo com um conjunto de meta-dados. Nessa direcao, este trabalho propoe uma nova abordagem para construir um algoritmo adaptado a(s) base(s) de dados da aplicacao de interesse. Mais especificadamente, propoe-se um algoritmo evolucionario (AE) para evoluir automaticamente algoritmos de Redes Bayesianas de Classificacao (RBCs). RBCs sao modelos de classificacao interessantes por serem robustos a falta de dados e incerteza, alem de gerarem modelos de classificacao interpretaveis. O AE proposto recebe como entrada uma lista de componentes principais de algoritmos de RBCs e uma (ou um conjunto de) base(s) de dados de entrada. Com esses dois elementos, o AE testa diferentes combinacoes dos componentes, gerando um algoritmo personalizado para aqueles dados. Para validar o AE, os experimentos foram divididos em tres partes principais: (i) testes do metodo proposto em execucoes direcionadas a bases de dados especificas, (ii) testes em execucoes direcionadas a conjuntos de bases dados semelhantes e (iii) testes com conjuntos bases de treino e teste distintos. Para a primeira parte, 15 bases de dados da UCI foram escolhidas para testes em bases especificas a fim de gerar algoritmos personalizados para as mesmas. Ja para as outras duas partes, concentrouse na aplicacao do metodo proposto em conjuntos de bases de dados. Nesse caso, 20 bases de dados com particularidades distintas foram selecionadas com o intuito de realizar um agrupamento sobre as mesmas, podendo assim criar os diferentes cenarios dos experimentos onde exista conjuntos de bases de treinamento e teste. Testes sobre o AE foram realizados considerando as tres partes dos experimentos e os resultados foram comparados separadamente com uma busca gulosa e, em seguida, com tres algoritmos estado-da-arte de RBCs (Naive Bayes, TAN e K2). Os resultados mostraram que os algoritmos gerados sao competitivos com aqueles dos metodos do estado-da-arte, e que na maioria dos casos o uso de algoritmo evolucionario em inves de uma simples busca gulosa melhora estatisticamente os resultados.
Large eddy simulation of the combustion in an oxygen-paraffin hybrid rocket engine

En la ultima decada se ha despertado un renovado interes en los cohetes hibridos debido a su bajo precio, manejo seguro y compatibilidad con carburantes verdes. Un grupo de estudiantes esta desarrollando un cohete hibrido de oxigeno y parafina en el Center of Applied Space Technology and Microgravity (ZARM) en la Universidad de Bremen. Por tal de proporcionar datos que ayuden a los disenadores del motor del cohete, hemos simulado el proceso de combustion y el flujo de materia en el motor usando simulaciones de tipo LES. Se ha generado un modelo del motor del cohete axisimetrico usando el programa de codigo abierto y licencia gratuita OpenFOAM. Se ha implementado el solver reactingFoam para fluidos compresibles y combustion con reacciones quimicas. Se ha aplicado la condicion de contorno no reflectante waveTransmissive en la salida de la tobera del cohete. Las simulaciones muestran que el flujo se separa de la pared de la tobera y que existe reflujo. Esto explica el bajo rendimiento del cohete que se ha medido en los experimentos y demuestra que el diseno de la tobera no es optimo.
What's your Superpower?

De Lange talks about the systematic approach to discover a hidden talent. This is not just a personal victory. It also validates the idea that science can help reveal talents people didn't know they had, allowing them to make better career and leisure choices and increasing their confidence in their abilities. One could discover untapped abilities in a range of areas, from sporting prowess and leadership potential to risk assessment and one's own personal strength, the mysterious introception.
The Secondary Star in Cataclysmic Variables and Low Mass X-ray Binaries

We critically re-examine the available data on the spectral types, masses and radii of the secondary stars in cataclysmic variables (CVs) and low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs), using the new catalogue of Ritter & Kolb (1998) as a starting point. We find there are 55 reliable spectral type determinations and only 14 reliable mass determinations of CV secondary stars (10 and 5, respectively, in the case of LMXBs). We derive new spectral type-period, mass-radius, mass-period and radius-period relations, and compare them with theoretical predictions. We find that CV secondary stars with orbital periods shorter than 7-8 hours are, as a group, indistinguishable from main sequence stars in detached binaries. We find it is not valid, however, to estimate the mass from the spectral type of the secondary star in CVs or LMXBs. We find that LMXB secondary stars show some evidence for evolution, with secondary stars which are slightly too large for their mass. We show how the masses and radii of the secondary stars in CVs can be used to test the validity of the disrupted magnetic braking model of CV evolution, but we find that the currently available data are not sufficiently accurate or numerous to allow such an analysis. As well as considering secondary star masses, we also discuss the masses of the white dwarfs in CVs, and find mean values of M_1 = 0.69+/-0.13 M_sun below the period gap, and M_1 = 0.80+/-0.22 M_sun above the period gap.
Cosmology with Higgs inflation

Cosmic inflation is a hypothetical period in the early universe, where the expansion of space accelerated. Inflation explains many properties of the observed universe, but its cause is not known. Higgs inflation is a model where inflation is caused by the Higgs field of the Standard Model of particle physics, coupled non-minimally to gravity. In this thesis, we study various aspects of cosmology with Higgs inflation. Inflation leaves marks on the cosmic microwave background radiation, and these marks can be used to distinguish inflationary models from each other. We study hilltop Higgs inflation, a model where quantum corrections produce a local maximum into the Higgs potential, and show that there the predicted tensor-to-scalar ratio r 1.2×10−3. This is smaller than the prediction of tree-level Higgs inflation by a factor of four or more and can be probed by next-generation microwave telescopes. We also study reheating, the process where the universe transitions from inflation to radiation domination with a thermal bath of relativistic Standard Model particles. We show that in Higgs inflation, reheating is particularly efficient in the Palatini formulation of general relativity, because there Higgs bosons are produced violently by a tachyonic instability. The duration of reheating affects, for example, the predicted spectral index of the primordial perturbations. Finally, we discuss the production of primordial black holes in Higgs inflation. We show that large quantities of such black holes can be produced, but in order to satisfy observational constraints on large scales, they must be so small that they would have evaporated by now by Hawking radiation. However, if the evaporating black holes left behind Planck mass relics, these could constitute part or all of the dark matter, the dominant, unknown matter component of the universe. Together, these studies show that even though the ingredients that go into Higgs inflation are simple, they lead to a rich phenomenology and offer valuable insights into inflation, gravitational degrees of freedom and the origin of dark matter.