Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Conversion of borate-based glass scaffold to hydroxyapatite in a dilute phosphate solution

Porous scaffolds of a borate-based glass (composition in mol%: 6Na2O, 8K2O, 8MgO, 22CaO, 36B2O3, 18SiO2, 2P2O5), with interconnected porosity of ∼70% and pores of size 200–500 µm, were prepared by a polymer foam replication technique. The degradation of the scaffolds and conversion to a hydroxyapatite-type material in a 0.02 M K2HPO4 solution (starting pH = 7.0) at 37 °C were studied by measuring the weight loss of the scaffolds, as well as the pH and the boron concentration of the solution. X-ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray analysis showed that a hydroxyapatite-type material was formed on the glass surface within 7 days of immersion in the phosphate solution. Cellular response to the scaffolds was assessed using murine MLO-A5 cells, an osteogenic cell line. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the scaffolds supported cell attachment and proliferation during the 6 day incubation. The results indicate that this borate-based glass could provide a promising degradable scaffold material for bone tissue engineering applications.
Preferences for Receipt of Care Among Community-Dwelling Adults

Abstract Preferences for long-term care alternatives include both place of care and persons to provide care. In this analysis, these elements are separated for mature adults (N-1503, ages 40-70) regarding future care needs. Most adults preferred care in home/community settings by kin or non-kin, with few deeming nursing homes acceptable. Demographics and personal knowledge, experience, and expectations were marginally likely to influence preferences; males were more likely to prefer care in paid/professional settings. Women, who more often expressed preference for kin/home care, face demographic trends reducing available female kin who might be caregivers.
Evaluation of Tielle hydropolymer dressings in the management of chronic exuding wounds in primary care

The concept of moist wound healing is not fully implemented in daily practice in Germany. Thus, the objective of this investigation was to evaluate the use of Tielle hydropolymer dressings in chronic exuding wounds in primary care. A total of 6993 patients with pressure sores (26·6%), venous leg ulcers (59·8%), diabetic foot disease (9·5%) and other wounds (5·1%) were enrolled into three multicentre, open‐label, single‐arm, prospective phase‐IV studies for an observational period of either 4 or 12 weeks. Within the 4 (12)‐week study using Tielle, 43·3% (59·1%) of the wounds healed and 51·6% (36·9%) improved. Wound area was reduced by 78·2% (85·1%). Medium or strong levels of exudates were reduced from 57·4% to 6·7% (4·0%). Cosmetic results were excellent or good in 96·3%. Compared with patients' previous treatment, efficacy and tolerability were assessed as better or much better in 92·5% and 70·4%, respectively. 97·1% of the patients remained free of adverse events. The frequency of dressing changes was reduced from 5 to 3 per week (−43%). Tielle provides an effective and safe dressing in the management of chronic exuding wounds in primary care improving patient's comfort. Due to longer wearing times, Tielle may also be cost saving.
Long-term sickness absence: women's opinions about health and rehabilitation.

AIMS This paper reports a study to identify associations between ideas of health and rehabilitation in groups of women having first-hand experience of long-term sickness absence. BACKGROUND As a central part of their work, nurses have to be able to understand people in distress. When someone is unable to work because of illness, nurses are one of the central professional categories involved in their rehabilitation. METHODS Data were collected by Q-sort grid and biographical interviews from 82 women aged 30-49 years who had either been absent from work because of sickness for 60 days or more, or were receiving a disability pension. The data were first analysed by patterns and structures obtained from a modified factor analysis. The second phase of the analysis dealt with relocating the results from the statistical analyses to their social context. RESULTS Six opinions representing different conceptions of health, illness, and rehabilitation were identified. These ranged from reflecting high levels of trust in the health care system to reliance on 'nature's course' and emphasizing the meaning of 'feeling all right'. CONCLUSIONS For women on long-term sick leave, it is reasonable to expect that their communication with rehabilitation professionals will be founded in a mutual understanding of basic concepts. However, the disparate opinions about health and rehabilitation identified in this study show that future studies need to investigate the prospective value of this categorization to see whether and how these conceptions affect rehabilitation practices.
The PPARα Agonists Fenofibrate and CP-778875 Cause Increased β-Oxidation, Leading to Oxidative Injury in Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle in the Rat

Weak peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor (PPAR) α agonists (fibrates) are used to treat dyslipidemia. This study compared the effects of the potent and selective PPARα agonist CP-778875 on peroxisomal β-oxidation and cardiac and/or skeletal muscle injury with those of the weak PPARα agonist fenofibrate. We hypothesized that these muscle effects are mediated through the PPARα receptor, leading to increased β-oxidation and consequent oxidative stress. CP-778875 (5 or 500 mg/kg) and fenofibrate (600 or 2,000→1,200 mg/kg, dose lowered because of intolerance) were administered to rats for six weeks. Standard end points, serum troponin I, heart and skeletal muscle β-oxidation of palmitoyl-CoA, and acyl co-oxidase (AOX) mRNA were assessed. Both compounds dose-dependently increased the incidence and/or severity of cardiomyocyte degeneration and necrosis, heart weight, troponin I, and skeletal muscle degeneration. Mean heart β-oxidation (3.4- to 5.1-fold control) and AOX mRNA (2.4- to 3.2-fold control) were increased with CP-778875 500 mg/kg and both doses of fenofibrate. β-Oxidation of skeletal muscle was not affected by either compound; however, a significant increase in AOX mRNA (1.6- to 2.1-fold control) was observed with CP-778875 500 mg/kg and both doses of fenofibrate. Taken together, these findings were consistent with PPARα agonism and support the link between increased cardiac and skeletal muscle β-oxidation and resultant muscle injury in the rat.
The Least Prime in Certain Arithmetic Progressions

1 . S. Hedman, A First Course in Logic, Oxford University Press, New York, 2004. 2. D. Hobby and D. M. Silberger, Quotients of Primes, this Monthly 100 (1993) 50-52. 3. S. Marivani, On some particular dense sets, talk at the spring 2008 Southeastern Regional AMS meeting, Baton Rouge, LA. 4. I. Niven, H. S. Zuckerman, and H. L. Montgomery, An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers, 5th ed., Wiley, New York, 1991. 5. J. E. Shockley, Introduction to Number Theory, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York, 1967.
Dynamic footprint analysis by time-of-flight camera

Dynamic pedobarograph measurement is commonly used to evaluate the roll-over process of the foot. Plantar pressure plates, insole sensors or single transducer systems are the most popular devices to analyze dynamic footprint [1]. Notably with the last works of Pataky [2-4], plantar pressure analyses were improved. Nevertheless, the systems available to analyze dynamic footprint are limited to these ‘pressure’ measurement systems with resolution limited to 1 to 4 sensors/cm2, to the authors’ knowledge. The goal of the current study is to propose a new approach, i.e. foot squashing, using a system (dynamic footprint system) with a high resolution.
Risk perception and HIV-1 prevalence in 15,000 adults in rural south-west Uganda.

OBJECTIVE Few studies have described levels and determinants of perceived risk of HIV-1 among African adults for whom the sero-status is known. This study describes HIV risk perception obtained from a large rural population in south-west Uganda which also underwent serological testing for HIV. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. METHODS Information on risk perception and sexual behaviour was collected by interview. Sera were obtained from all consenting adults (13 years and above) in order to assess HIV-1 prevalence. RESULTS Of 14,818 adults with a definitive sero-status, 9.7% were HIV-1 positive and 51% considered themselves to be at risk of infection. Risk perception showed similar patterns as age- and sex-specific sero-prevalence and there was correspondence between risk factors for perceived risk and known HIV risk factors. Partner's sexual behaviour was the commonest reason for risk perception in women whereas men cited their own sexual behaviour. Abstinence from sex was much more commonly mentioned as a protective practice than condom use in men and women. CONCLUSION Half of the adults we have studied already see infection with HIV as a real possibility in their lives and are aware of HIV risk behaviours. More efforts should be made to implement sustainable control measures rather than simply raising awareness. In addition to recommending abstinence, these include mutual faithfulness, condom use and better treatment for STDs.
A broadband high-gain planar array antenna for V-band wireless communication

A broadband high-gain planar array antenna is proposed for 60 GHz wireless communication applications. It consists of two layers to achieve a compact topology through a standard PCB fabrication process. The wideband substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) feeding network is placed in the bottom layer while the radiating patches are on the top layer. A novel feeding structure is proposed to widen the bandwidth in terms of impedance matching and gain. Measured results of the fabricated array show about 14.6% of reflection coefficient bandwidth (S11<;-10dB) in the frequency band 57~66 GHz. The gain fluctuates less than 1.5 dB within the same band. Good agreement between the simulated and measured results validates our design.
Gene targeting for gene therapy: prospects.

Ideally, gene therapy involves the correction of genetic defects through the natural means of gene targeting. This therapy possesses a number of conceptual advantages. However, a major obstacle to successful gene therapy is the relative inefficiency of the targeting process in mammalian cells. Gene targeting may be accomplished by two different mechanisms: the homologous recombination and the mismatch correction of DNA heteroduplexes. Based on the model of homologous recombination for the well-studied prokaryotic and the less studied eukaryotic systems, three approaches have been employed to improve the efficiency and accuracy of homologous recombination events. These are: (1) artificial double-strand breaks in both the exogenous and the chromosomal DNA, (2) a contiguous long homology between the exogenous and chromosomal DNA, and (3) a transient overproduction of an active recombinase, the bacterial RecA or mammalian RecA-like proteins, in mammalian cell nuclei. Combining these approaches can result in more effective gene targeting protocols. The second mechanism has been improved based on recent observations of recombinogenic activity of oligonucleotides and, especially, specifically designed chimeric RNA/DNA oligonucleotides. The use of RecA-like proteins to stimulate searching for homology and forming stable DNA heteroduplexes between oligonucleotides and chromosomal DNA remains an attractive idea for additional improvement of gene targeting events.
Effects of growth temperature on yield and maintenance during glucose-limited continuous culture of Escherichia coli

The effects of growth temperature on the aerobic growth yield with respect to oxygen consumption (Y0-grams [dry weight] per gram-atom of O) and the rate of maintenance respiration (m0-milligram-atoms of O/gram [dry weight] per hour) are reported for Escherichia coli B cultivated continuously in the presence of oxygen with limiting glucose. During anaerobic continuous culture, YATP(max) (grams [dry weight] per mole of ATP corrected for maintenance) increases from 10.3 to 12.7 as the growth temperature is lowered from 37 to 25 C. Over this same range, Y0(max) (Y0 corrected for maintenance respiration) rises from 12.5 to 28.8 and remains at the higher value down to 17.5 C. From 37 to 32 C, m0 increases from 0.9 to 4.4 but then falls to 1.5 as the temperature is lowered to 17.5 C. The value of m0 sharply rises some 13-fold as the temperature is raised to 42 C without a significant change in the value of Y0(max). Changes of Y0(max) are consistent with a temperature-sensitive doubling of the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation, but the reasons for the changes of the rate of maintenance respiration are not known.
TYPE DISTRIBUTION AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY OF DIPLOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE A FIVE‐YEAR STUDY IN SYDNEY

During a period of five years, 1965–1969, 1,252 isolates of Diplococcus pneumoniae from hospital patients and carriers were examined. Isolates were tested for sensitivity to seven antibiotics and typed by the specific capsular reaction. Pneumococci of 39 different serotypes were encountered. Types 19, 23, 6, 3, 9, 11 and 15 predominated and together these seven types formed 52·0% of the total. All “epidemic” serotypes (types 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 and 12) were represented and constituted 8·8% of the total.
Studies on platelets. X. Morphologic characteristics of megakaryocytes by phase contrast microscopy in normals and in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

1. The morphologic characteristics of the megakaryocytes were studied in fourteen normal or nonthrombocytopenic individuals, in nine patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (I.T.P.), in two individuals with pernicious anemia, and in two normal individuals in whom thrombocytopenia was temporarily induced by the administration of plasma from a patient with a circulating high-titer platelet agglutinin. Phase contrast microscopy was used on unfixed, unstained materials. 2. The characteristics observed in normal megakaryocytes and in those from patients with I.T. P. confirmed data previously obtained with the use of fixed and stained material. In I.T. P. the bone marrow megakaryocytic series presented the following significant findings: (a) an increase in the number of the megakaryocytes, particularly of the younger forms. Young forms were particularly prominent in I.T. P. of the "acute" variety. (b) Production of platelets by promegakaryocytes, the platelets appearing large and bizarre. (c) Lack of platelet formation at the periphery of the cell and lack of granularity in the outer layer of the mature megakaryocyte. (d) Presensce of marked degenerative changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the megakaryocytes. The abnormalities observed suggested the possibility of a double mechanism: one in which the circulating platelets were injured, the other in which the megakaryocyte itself was attacked. 3. In a patient with a high-titer circulating platelet agglutinin the alterations of the megakaryocytes were fundamentally similar, although the granularity of the cytoplasm appeared to be less affected and the degenerative changes more pronounced. Similar abnormalities could be reproduced in the normal individuals receiving the patient9s plasma. These results again suggested that, at least in those cases of I.T. P. in which the thrombocytopenia was due to a circulating antiplatelet factor, this acted by: (a) attacking the platelets being discharged from the megakaryocyte; (b) preventing the normal formation of platelets; (c) preventing the normal development of the megakaryocyte from younger to more mature forms.
Drosophila arc encodes a novel adherens junction-associated PDZ domain protein required for wing and eye development.

Loss of arc function results in a downwardly curved wing and smaller eyes with a reduced number of ommatidia. Consistent with this phenotype, molecular analysis shows that arc mRNA and protein are expressed in the wing imaginal disc and in clusters of cells in the morphogenetic furrow of the eye imaginal disc. The 36-kb arc transcription unit contains 10 exons that are spliced to form a 5. 5-kb mRNA. The encoded Arc protein is 143,000 Da and contains two PDZ (PSD-95, Discs large, ZO-1) domains; there is no close structural similarity to other PDZ proteins. In addition to its expression in imaginal discs, arc is expressed during embryogenesis in epithelia undergoing morphogenesis, including the invaginating posterior midgut, evaginating Malpighian tubule buds, elongating hindgut, invaginating salivary glands, intersegmental grooves, and developing tracheae. Arc protein colocalizes with Armadillo (beta-catenin) to the apical (luminal) surface of these developing epithelia, indicating that it is associated with adherens junctions. Genes that are required for patterning of embryonic epithelia (e.g., tailless, Krüppel, fork head, and brachyenteron) or for progression of the morphogenetic furrow (i. e., hedgehog) are required to establish or maintain the regional expression of arc. Misexpression of arc in the eye imaginal discs results in rough and larger eyes with fused ommatidia. We propose that arc affects eye development by modulating adherens junctions of the developing ommatidium.
Bni1p, a Yeast Formin Linking Cdc42p and the Actin Cytoskeleton During Polarized Morphogenesis

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae BNI1 gene product (Bni1p) is a member of the formin family of proteins, which participate in cell polarization, cytokinesis, and vertebrate limb formation. During mating pheromone response, bni1 mutants showed defects both in polarized morphogenesis and in reorganization of the underlying actin cytoskeleton. In two-hybrid experiments, Bni1p formed complexes with the activated form of the Rho-related guanosine triphosphatase Cdc42p, with actin, and with two actin-associated proteins, profilin and Bud6p (Aip3p). Both Bni1p and Bud6p (like Cdc42p and actin) localized to the tips of mating projections. Bni1p may function as a Cdc42p target that links the pheromone response pathway to the actin cytoskeleton.
Monoclonal antibody that distinguishes between a phosphorylated, beta 2-microglobulin-associated, and a free, nonphosphorylated, chain of MHC class I.

We have shown that a mAb, 7.2. 14, recognizes a conserved sequence in exon 7 of a number of murine MHC class I molecules. 7.2. 14 binding is abolished when the molecule is phosphorylated, presumably at a serine residue in exon 7, whereas treatment of material in cell lysates with alkaline phosphatase increases the intensity of the binding. A genomic construct containing Dd was transfected into human fibroblasts and a clonal cell line expressing high levels of surface MHC was selected. Cell lysates were prepared from surface-iodinated cells and analyzed by using a panel of antibodies. An apparent size heterogeneity was detected in the MHC class I gene product precipitated by different anti-class I MHC antibodies, suggesting that more than one conformational species of Dd was present. This was further investigated regarding the molecules precipitated by antibodies 34-2-12, M1/42, and 7.2. 14. After preclearing of surface-iodinated cell lysates by using one antibody, challenge with the others still precipitated a Dd molecule, confirming that there were three independent conformations of the Dd gene product. A similar complexity could be observed in the lysates of surface-labeled spleen cells from C57BL/6 mice. A major polypeptide at approximately 48 to 50 kDa, representing the MHC H chain, was seen, and one or two as yet unidentified but strongly associated polypeptides at 41 kDa and 56 kDa were also visible. Sequential clearing of surface-iodinated material with one antibody followed by precipitation with the other confirmed that the 7.2. 14-reactive material was distinct from that which reacted with M1/42. We propose that the 7.2. 14-reactive 50-kDa band is the nonphosphorylated form of class I MHC, which exists in a conformation different from that of the conventional 48-kDa, phosphorylated, beta 2-microglobulin-associated entity.
Novel topology derivation for low-common mode noise H-bridge converters with additional switches

A systematic combination of the circuit elements to derive a new topology with low common mode noise is suggested in this paper. Conventionally, a majority of the new topology derivation or circuit refinement is fulfilled by changing a small part of the traditional circuits or adding extra circuits to them, which gives less insight to the new topology creation. The proposed combination method totally rearranges the circuit elements and finds new topologies, focusing on the basics of the topology - connections between the elements. The resultant H-bridge converter with the additional switches (HA converter) and its offspring circuits are proved to have low noise than their counterpart circuits by experiments.
Studies on the toxicity of alkyl tin compounds.

In recent years the toxicity of tin has aroused little interest, but in the latter part of the last century and the first decade of this, considerable attention was paid to the possible contamination of food preserved in cans (White, 1881; Ungar and Bodlander, 1886; Lehmann, 1902; Eckhardt, 1909; Schryver, 1909). It was concluded that there was no serious risk; since then there have only been occasional studies on the toxicity of tin compounds (Salant, Rieger, and Trenthardt, 1914; Handovsky, 1925; Schwartzer and Clarke, 1927; Seifter and Rambousek, 1943). A suggestion that the fungicidal properties of certain organic tin compounds might have industrial application (Van der Kerk and Luijten, 1954) coupled with their use as " plasticizers " has rekindled interest in this subject. In most reference books the toxicity of tin tends to be discounted, but preliminary work with its alkyl derivatives showed that on a molar basis tin was five times as toxic as beryllium. Its potentialities have been underestimated because of the difficulty of introducing it into the body in a soluble form. The full toxicity is only seen when the alkyl derivatives are used, some of which are volatile and soluble in water at pH 7. A number of these and related compounds have now been examined. Many of their toxic properties are already well outlined (White, 1881; Ungar and Bodlander, 1886), but little attention has been paid to them recently (Seifter, 1939a; McCombie and Saunders, 1947) and it is now possible to extend these findings. Later knowledge, particularly regarding their action on the central nervous system, has an important bearing on the assessment of the possible hazards to health during the production and use of the alkyl tin compounds.
Surgical treatment of age‐related macular degeneration: will there be a role in the future?

Surgical treatment has been shown to be able to improve vision that is lost as a result of age‐related macular degeneration. Surgery is complex, such that improvement has always to be weighed against risk of complications. The availability of Ranibizumab and Bevacizumab is set to dramatically alter our management options. Surgical treatment will have a limited role to play in the next few years.