Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Positive 1-in-3-SAT admits a non-trivial kernel

This paper illustrates the power of Gaussian Elimination by adapting it to Exact Satisfiability. For 1-in-3 SAT instances with non-negated literals we are able to obtain considerably smaller equivalent instances of 0/1 Integer Programming restricted to equality only. Thus we obtain an upper bound for the complexity of its counting version of O(2κr2) for number of variables r and clauses-to-variables ratio κ. Combining this method with previous results gives a time and space complexity for the counting problem of O(4/3|V |2 ) and O(4/3|V |2 ). Our method shows that Positive instances of 1-in-3 SAT may be reduced to significantly smaller instances of I.P. in the following sense: any such instance of |V | variables and |C| clauses can be polynomial-time reduced to an instance of 0/1 Integer Programming with equality only, of size at most 2/3|V | variables and at most |C| clauses. We then proceed to define formally the notion of a non-trivial kernel. For this, we define the problems considered as Constraint Satisfaction Problems. Considering recent advances in Computational Complexity relating to sparsification and existence of nontrivial kernels, we conclude by showing that the method presented here, giving a non-trivial kernel for positive 1-in-3 SAT, implies the existence of a non-trivial kernel for 1-in-3 SAT.
A ug 2 01 8 κ-Poincaré invariant orientable field theories at 1-loop : scale-invariant couplings

We consider a family of κ-Poincaré invariant scalar field theories on 4-d κ-Minkowski space with quartic orientable interaction, that is for which φ and its conjugate φ alternate in the quartic interaction, and whose kinetic operator is the square of a Uκ(iso(4))-equivariant Dirac operator. The formal commutative limit yields the standard complex φ theory. We find that the 2-point function receives UV linearly diverging 1-loop corrections while it stays free of IR singularities that would signal occurrence of UV/IR mixing. We find that all the 1-loop planar and non-planar contributions to the 4-point function are UV finite, stemming from the existence of the particular estimate for the propagator partly combined with its decay properties at large momenta, implying formally vanishing of the beta-functions at 1-loop so that the coupling constants stay scale-invariant at 1-loop.
Global sea-level budget 1993–present

Abstract. Global mean sea level is an integral of changes occurring in the climate system in response to unforced climate variability as well as natural and anthropogenic forcing factors. Its temporal evolution allows changes (e.g., acceleration) to be detected in one or more components. Study of the sea-level budget provides constraints on missing or poorly known contributions, such as the unsurveyed deep ocean or the still uncertain land water component. In the context of the World Climate Research Programme Grand Challenge entitled Regional Sea Level and Coastal Impacts, an international effort involving the sea-level community worldwide has been recently initiated with the objective of assessing the various datasets used to estimate components of the sea-level budget during the altimetry era (1993 to present). These datasets are based on the combination of a broad range of space-based and in situ observations, model estimates, and algorithms. Evaluating their quality, quantifying uncertainties and identifying sources of discrepancies between component estimates is extremely useful for various applications in climate research. This effort involves several tens of scientists from about 50 research teams/institutions worldwide (www.wcrp-climate.org/grand-challenges/gc-sea-level, last access: 22 August 2018). The results presented in this paper are a synthesis of the first assessment performed during 2017–2018. We present estimates of the altimetry-based global mean sea level (average rate of 3.1 ± 0.3 mm yr−1 and acceleration of 0.1 mm yr−2 over 1993–present), as well as of the different components of the sea-level budget (http://doi.org/10.17882/54854, last access: 22 August 2018). We further examine closure of the sea-level budget, comparing the observed global mean sea level with the sum of components. Ocean thermal expansion, glaciers, Greenland and Antarctica contribute 42 %, 21 %, 15 % and 8 % to the global mean sea level over the 1993–present period. We also study the sea-level budget over 2005–present, using GRACE-based ocean mass estimates instead of the sum of individual mass components. Our results demonstrate that the global mean sea level can be closed to within 0.3 mm yr−1 (1σ). Substantial uncertainty remains for the land water storage component, as shown when examining individual mass contributions to sea level.
[Peritonitis treated by laparoscopy as an effective treatment].

Peritonitis is one of the main complications of abdominal emergencies. Laparoscopy serves both for the diagnostic and therapeutic management of the acute abdomen; in expert hands the morbimortality of this method is minimal. OBJECTIVE The objective is to verify the efficacy of laparoscopy in patients with secondary peritonitis performing a single surgery without the need for reinterventions, ensuring the least damage of the abdominal wall, avoiding laparotomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Retrospective study included patients with final diagnosis of peritonitis and managed with laparoscopic technique, covering a period from May 2011 to July 2016, admitted to Clínica Nuestra Señora de Fátima, Pasto, Colombia. RESULTS The sample was 67 patients. The results indicate an average age of 45 years, maximum age 94 and minimum 17 years, ± 20.6; female sex predominates in 55.2% (n = 37); being 73.1% (n = 49) of the urban area. The mean evolution time of the disease was 4 days. There were no cases of mortality in the study population. CONCLUSION The laparoscopic technique, thorough cleaning of the abdominal cavity, insertion of the mixed drainage and adequate antibiotic treatment, constitutes a safe technique in the patient since it prevents surgical reinterventions, risk of infections, absence of paralytic ileus and bleeding, thus avoiding laparostomy and the giant defect of the abdominal wall.
Health care utilization by people with HIV on release from provincial prison in Ontario, Canada in 2010: a retrospective cohort study

ABSTRACT Limited evidence suggests that at the time of release from prison, people with HIV face barriers to health care, which may contribute to worsening HIV clinical outcomes. We aimed to describe health care utilization for people with HIV released from provincial prison in Ontario in 2010, and to compare rates of use with prisoner and general population controls. We used Ontario’s administrative health records and data from the Ontario Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Services on all persons released from provincial prison in 2010. We matched each person with HIV released from provincial prison by age and sex with three controls in each of three groups: people with no HIV released from provincial prison, people with HIV in the general population, and people with no HIV in the general population. We compared rates of use of primary care, non-primary ambulatory care, emergency departments, and hospitalization in the year after the first release from provincial prison in 2010 and in the corresponding period for matched controls. We identified 330 persons with HIV released from provincial prison in 2010. Their median time to first HIV-ambulatory care visit after prison release was 177 days (SD 136–239). Compared to all control groups, people with HIV released from provincial prison had higher rates of primary care use, unscheduled emergency department visits and hospital admissions at 30, 90 and 365 days after release. People with HIV released from provincial prison have a long time to first contact with HIV ambulatory care, and higher rates of health care utilization across health care settings. Interventions are required to facilitate post-release linkage to care for this population.
The evolution of sexual dimorphism in relation to mating patterns, cavity nesting, insularity and sympatry in the Anseriformes

Summary 1. In addition to genetic drift, both natural and sexual selection may be responsible for interspecific differences in male and female size and coloration. Comparative methods were used to analyse the patterns of dimorphism in the Anseriformes (wildfowl) in relation to mating patterns, nest placement, insularity and number of closely related, sympatric species. 2. The following predictions were tested about the evolution of dimorphism: (a) that evolutionary changes are more common in male than in female coloration; (b) that the intensity of sexual selection is correlated with the evolution of bright coloration and sexual dimorphism; (c) that the nature of nest sites influences the evolution of bright coloration in females via its effect on predation risk, and the extent of size dimorph ism via the limits to the size of females using cavities; (d) that insular species show more size dimorphism and less colour dimorphism than mainland species; and (e) that sexual dichromatism is more common in species living in sympatry with a larger number of similar species. 3. Evolutionary changes in plumage brightness were found to be more frequent in males than in females. Changes in mating patterns were significantly correlated with changes in plumage brightness in both males and females and in plumage dichromatism, but not with changes in size dimorphism. Evolutionary transitions from open to hole nesting did not affect plumage dichromatism or size dimorphism. A significant associ ation was detected between insularity and the probability of changes in male brightness, but there was no relationship between insularity and size dimorphism. Sexual dichromatism and bright male (but not female) plumage tend to occur in wildfowl sympatric with a high number of species from the same tribe. 4. In conclusion, mating patterns, insularity and sympatry appear to have evolved in correlation with changes in sexual dichromatism and plumage brightness in the Anseriformes, but not with changes in sexual size dimorphism.
Beta Lactamase in Bacteria isolated from urine of pregnant women

Available online: 5 May 2014 The aim of this study was to detect extended spectrum βlactamase (ESBL) in bacteria isolated from urine collected from urinary tract of infected pregnant women. A total of 100 midstream urine samples were collected from Omdurman Military Hospital from April to May2013. Specimens were cultured onto cysteinelactoseelectrolyte-deficient (CLED) agar to identify urinary tract infection (UTI) causative bacteria by colonial morphology, Gram reaction and conventional biochemical tests. Out of 100 urine specimen; 56(56%) of samples gave significant bacterial growth (the Gram negative bacilli were 42(75%). The most frequent Gram negative were Klebsiella oxytoca 15 (26.8%) and Escherichia coli 10(17.9%), while the most abundant Gram positive was Staphylococcus saprophyticus. In The susceptibility test, 5 isolates were resistant to 3generation cephalosporins (ceftazidime, ceftriaone and cefotaxime) as follow: 2 K. pneumoniae, 2 E. coli and 1 Proteus vulgaris. ESBL production test done for all bacterial resistance to 3 generation cephalosporin and then confirmed by combination test by using Double disc synergy test 5(11.9% ) isolates gave positive result. The PCR was done for 5 isolates using TEM, SHV, and CTX-M primers.TEM gene was the most predominant one followed by CTX-M and the least one was SHV gene. From the results it could be concluded that these genes are responsible for the resistance of cephalosporins.
Looking Back: The "Representational mechanism" of Joint Attention in an infant chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)

An infant chimpanzee's joint visual attention to objects behind him was investigated. A recent study has shown that a 13-month-old infant chimpanzee can follow human social cues including glancing (Okamoto, Tomonaga, Ishii, Kawai, Tanaka, & Matsuzawa, 2002a). In humans, 12-month-olds do not follow gaze to objects behind them but 18-month-olds do (Butterworth & Jarrett, 1991). In the present study, from 13 months old, the infant chimpanzee had been tested to look at one of two identical objects, which an experimenter indicated by pointing or head turning. The objects were set in front of or behind the subject. In our series of experiments, we used moving or stationary objects as targets. Moreover, the experimenter manipulated a computer at the onset of each block of trials. The results show that by the age of 20 months, the infant reliably followed the experimenter's cues and looked back to the target behind him. Moving targets elicited more responses than stationary targets, and the subject showed more follow responses after having seen the experimenter manipulating the computer.
The relationship between readiness to change and work engagement: A case study in an accounting firm undergoing change

Orientation: Readiness to change is a critical element for the successful implementation of organisational change. Work engagement ensures that employees are committed to the organisations’ goals and is an important driver for organisational success. It is important that organisations sustain work engagement during organisational changes. Research purpose: To investigate the relationship between readiness to change and work engagement within an accounting firm. Motivation for the study: A change process can only be implemented successfully if there is a level of readiness to change. When readiness exists, resistance to change is reduced. Engaged employees remain enthusiastic about their organisation and choose to remain with the organisation. Change agents need to consider work engagement as an integral part of the change process, that is, before, during and after change has taken place. Work engagement and readiness to change are important elements for successful organisational change. Research design, approach and method: A cross-sectional survey design was utilised to collect the data. A convenience sample of employees and top management from the accounting firm ( n = 340) were included. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients, Pearson’s product-moment correlations, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Scheffe tests, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling were used to analyse the data. Main findings: Results indicated a practical and statistically significant relationship between readiness to change and work engagement. High levels of work engagement will generate high levels of readiness to change. Further to this, readiness to change is influenced by employees’ work engagement and an organisation’s change processes. Practical or managerial implications: An employee’s work engagement and an organisation’s processes of change influence an employee’s readiness to change. Therefore, organisations need to sustain work engagement and improve change processes. Contribution: The contribution of this study is that it has provided new insights into the relationships between readiness to change and work engagement in a South African context.
The Grove concise dictionary of music

This concise dictionary has been updated. Based on the 20 volume "New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians", it is designed to meet the needs of a wide readership, from the musical novice requiring a quick and clear explanation of terminology to the musical expert in need of more detailed information. There are 10,000 entries, which include 4500 on composers, 2000 on terms, instruments and institutions, 1100 on performers and other key figures, 1000 titles of musical works and 150 worklists for major composers. ;Other features of this dictionary include historical accounts of important topics, outlines of non-Western music systems, discussions of musical acoustics, music examples and illustrations. ;Stanley Sadie was formerly a music critic for "The Times" and editor of "The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians". Among the other books he has written are studies of Mozart and Handel.
Trajectories of racial and gender health disparities during later midlife: Connections to personality.

OBJECTIVE We examined race/gender effects on initial levels and trajectories of self-reported physical and mental health, as well as the moderating role of personality. We hypothesized that health disparities would remain stable or decrease over time, and that at-risk personality traits (e.g., neuroticism) would have a more robust negative impact on health for Black participants. METHOD Analyses utilized 6 waves of data from a community sample of 1,577 Black and White adults (mean age 60 years), assessed every 6 months for 2.5 years. Using multigroup latent growth curve modeling, we examined initial levels and changes in health among White men, White women, Black men, and Black women. RESULTS Black participants reported lower initial physical health than Whites. Women's physical health was stable over time, whereas men's declined. There were no disparities in mental health. Higher agreeableness was associated with higher initial levels of physical health only among Black men and White women. All other personality traits were associated with physical and mental health similarly across race and gender. CONCLUSIONS Race and gender influence health trajectories. Most personality- health associations replicated across race and gender, except for agreeableness with physical health. An intersectional framework considering more than one aspect of social identity is crucial for understanding health disparities. Future studies may benefit from including large, diverse samples of participants and further examining the moderating effects of race and gender on personality associations with a variety of health outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
A summary overview of the new, direct, target-specific oral anticoagulants

In the past 10 years or so, many alternatives to warfarin have been developed the first being the novel oral anticoagulants (NOAC) or better referred to as direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) or target-specific oral anticoagulants (TSOAC). These drugs have some definite advantages and disadvantages that should be clear to physicians before prescribing any of them for patients. Many clinical trials have provided definitive information about the efficacy and safety of DOACs, yet many physicians remain sceptical about prescribing these drugs due to lack of answers to real world questions. The concerns are directed towards appropriate patient selection (the choice should be made according to age, renal function, compliance, cost, clinical condition, intake of other drugs), the mechanism of switching between agents, how these drugs affect routine laboratory tests and when monitoring is needed. Knowledge of other drugs that interact with the DOAC and management of severe bleeding will be reviewed and recommendations will be given to all of these concerns.
Hospitals Strengthened Relationships With Close Partners After Joining Accountable Care Organizations

The strategies that hospitals participating in Medicare Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) use to achieve quality and cost containment goals are poorly understood. One possibility is that participating hospitals could try to influence where their patients receive care. To test this hypothesis, we examined whether a hospital’s participation in a Medicare ACO was associated with changes in its patterns of patient sharing with other hospitals. Between 2010 and 2014, patient sharing across hospitals increased 23.3%. After controlling for hospital and regional factors, patient sharing increased 4.4% more at ACO hospitals than non-ACO hospitals (p = .001 for difference). This increase occurred disproportionately among hospitals with which ACO hospitals already shared a high proportion of their patients prior to participation, and among hospitals in ACOs characterized as physician–hospital collaborations. The increased sharing of patients among closely affiliated hospitals may serve to achieve ACO quality and cost containment goals through increased interorganizational coordination.
Energetics of chemolithoautotrophy in the hydrothermal system of Vulcano Island, southern Italy

The hydrothermal system at Vulcano, Aeolian Islands (Italy), is home to a wide variety of thermophilic, chemolithoautotrophic archaea and bacteria. As observed in laboratory growth studies, these organisms may use an array of terminal electron acceptors (TEAs), including O2, , Fe(III), , elemental sulphur and CO2; electron donors include H2, , Fe2+, H2S and CH4. Concentrations of inorganic aqueous species and gases were measured in 10 hydrothermal fluids from seeps, wells and vents on Vulcano. These data were combined with standard Gibbs free energies () to calculate overall Gibbs free energies (ΔGr) of 90 redox reactions that involve 16 inorganic N‐, S‐, C‐, Fe‐, H‐ and O‐bearing compounds. It is shown that oxidation reactions with O2 as the TEA release significantly more energy (normalized per electron transferred) than most anaerobic oxidation reactions, but the energy yield is comparable or even higher for several reactions in which , or Fe(III) serves as the TEA. For example, the oxidation of CH4 to CO2 coupled to the reduction of Fe(III) in magnetite to Fe2+ releases between 94 and 123 kJ/mol e−, depending on the site. By comparison, the aerobic oxidation of H2 or reduced inorganic N‐, S‐, C‐ and Fe‐bearing compounds generally yields between 70 and 100 kJ/mol e−. It is further shown that the energy yield from the reduction of elemental sulphur to H2S is relatively low (8–19 kJ/mol e−) despite being a very common metabolism among thermophiles. In addition, for many of the 90 reactions evaluated at each of the 10 sites, values of ΔGr tend to cluster with differences < 20 kJ/mol e−. However, large differences in ΔGr (up to ∼ 60 kJ/mol e−) are observed in Fe redox reactions, due largely to considerable variations in Fe2+, H+ and H2 concentrations. In fact, at the sites investigated, most variations in ΔGr arise from differences in composition and not in temperature.
Analysis of Tumor Vasculature Developed from Cancer Stem Cells

1 Chapter 1. General introduction 5 Chapter 2. DsRed-LLCcm is an improved model from miPS-LLCcm cells. 15 Introduction 17 Materials and methods 18 Results 19 Discussion 22 Chapter 3. miPS-LLCcm and DsRed-LLCcm cells release factors that induce angiogenic response 25 Introduction 27 Materials and methods 27 Results 30 Discussion 37 Chapter 4. miPS-LLCcm cells differentiate into endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo. 4
Influence of tobacco dependence on caries development in young male adults: A cross-sectional study

Background: A definite cause and effect relationship between tobacco use and caries are lacking in literature. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the influence of tobacco dependence on caries development in young male adults. Materials and Methods: Three hundred healthy adult males in the age group of 20–40 years were divided into three groups containing 100 participants each. Group A: participants using smokeless tobacco; Group B: participants who smoke tobacco; and Group C: participants who have never used tobacco. Their dependence on tobacco was assessed using the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence. Their dental caries status was assessed using decayed-missing-filled teeth/decayed-missing-filled surfaces (DMFT/DMFS) index adopted by the WHO (1987). Observations were statistically analyzed using Mann–Whitney test, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Mean DMFT/DMFS was significantly higher for Groups A and B as compared to Group C. Within Group A, mean DMFT/DMFS increased significantly with increased dependence on smokeless tobacco. Within Group B, highest DMFT/DMFS was found in participants with low dependence on smoked tobacco while least mean DMFT/DMFS was found in participants with high dependence. Conclusion: Both forms of tobacco proved to be a significant risk factor for increased caries development. Thus, tobacco use should be an important factor in caries risk assessment of patients.