Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the existence of nonsmooth control-Lyapunov functions in the sense of generalized gradients

L et _x = f(x;u) be a general control system; the existence of a smooth control-Lyapunov function does not imply the existence of a continuous stabilizing feedback. However, we show that it allows us to design a stabilizing feedback in the Krasovskii (or Filippov) sense. Moreover, we recall a denition of a control-Lyapunov function in the case of a nonsmooth function; it is based on Clarke's generalized gradient. Finally, with an inedite proof we prove that the existence of this type of control- Lyapunov function is equivalent to the existence of a classical control-Lyapunov function. This property leads to a generalization of a result on the systems with integrator.
A Dynamic Wireless Spectrum Allocation Algorithm for Sliding Scheduled Demands

Spectrum management in cognitive radio is one of the most challenging issues and has attracted much research attentions in recent years. However most of the existing works consider either online demands or scheduled demands, which may not fully capture the flexible nature of the demands in certain circumstances, such as the communication demands for a synchronized sensing data transmission in wireless sensor networks which may not require the wireless channels be assigned in a pre-specified time point and could instead be provisioned in a flexible time range. Sliding scheduled traffic model, which allows the starting time of the service provisioning for a demand to slide in a pre-specified time window, instead of a time point, fits in well. Based on this observation, we propose in this paper to model the wireless channel demands for communication with sliding scheduled traffic model to improve the utilization ratio. We presents a mixed integer linear program (MILP) formulation as well as an efficient heuristic algorithm for this optimization problem. Numeric results show that adopting sliding scheduled demand model significantly improves the utilization ratio of wireless channels in dynamic wireless spectrum allocation.
Swallowing Frequency: A Detection System Employing FM Telemetry

Telemetry serves to eliminate lead xvires when recording physiologic phenomena, and thereby minimizes interference with "normal" activity. Initial tests with amplitude-modulated biotelemetric equipment for monitoring deglutition Isroved unsatisfactory, owing to poor fidelity of reproduction and inadequate channel separation. These diffculties have been overcome by developing a frequency modulated (FM) system incorporating features to ensure adequate signal to noise ratio. In the present mretlhod, a microphone* embedded in a block of small-pore sponge rubber was held on the cervical skin lateral to the laryngeal prominence, conforming to the procedure originally developed for recording sxxalloxxing (A. C. KERR, C. S. C. LE\R, and S. J. MoovY, J. dent. Res., 39:66869, 1960). The sound of swallowing could be readily distinguished from other sounds arising in this area (such as breathing and snoring). Speech was also clearly detectable. Sound reached the microphone through a channel in the sJ)onge rubber block, and the latter served to damp out most background roomn noise, as well as vibrations from movement of the apparatus against the skin. All metal parts, including the lead wire shielding, Were coated With rubber to eliminate static electricity discharges that otherwise interfered xith transmission. The transmitter-microl)hone connection was made by a shielded cable, and at one end size 40 tine
MR imaging of the posterior cruciate ligament graft: initial experience in 15 patients with clinical correlation.

PURPOSE To describe the magnetic resonance (MR) appearance of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) graft in the 1st postoperative year and to correlate the MR findings with clinical examination findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nineteen MR examinations were performed in 15 patients (with 15 grafts) 1-33 months after PCL reconstruction. Results of clinical follow-up were available in 14 patients. Graft shape and thickness were recorded, and intrasubstance signal intensity at T2-weighted imaging was graded. The MR findings were correlated with the time between surgery and clinical examination. RESULTS At MR imaging, 13 grafts appeared intact, one could not be assessed owing to hardware artifact, and one initially appeared disrupted. Graft thickness was 7-19 mm. There was no significant difference between graft thickness versus time since surgery and signal intensity versus time since surgery (P =.14). In two of three patients who underwent sequential MR examinations, graft thickness and intrasubstance signal intensity decreased as the time between reconstruction and MR imaging increased. Two of 14 patients who underwent physical examination had a posterior drawer, and one also had an anterior cruciate ligament graft tear. Both patients with knee instability demonstrated intact PCL graft fibers at MR imaging. There was no correlation between knee stability and graft thickness, signal intensity, or shape. CONCLUSION After PCL reconstruction, MR imaging in the 1st year depicts a thickened graft with increased signal intensity. There does not appear to be a relationship between clinical stability and findings at MR imaging.
Alfalfa Root Growth Rate Correlates with Progression of Microtubules during Mitosis and Cytokinesis as Revealed by Environmental Light-Sheet Microscopy

Cell division and expansion are two fundamental biological processes supporting indeterminate root growth and development of plants. Quantitative evaluations of cell divisions related to root growth analyses have been performed in several model crop and non-crop plant species, but not in important legume plant Medicago sativa. Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) is an advanced imaging technique widely used in animal developmental biology, providing efficient fast optical sectioning under physiological conditions with considerably reduced phototoxicity and photobleaching. Long-term 4D imaging of living plants offers advantages for developmental cell biology not available in other microscopy approaches. Recently, LSFM was implemented in plant developmental biology studies, however, it is largely restricted to the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Cellular and subcellular events in crop species and robust plant samples have not been studied by this method yet. Therefore we performed LSFM long-term live imaging of growing root tips of transgenic alfalfa plants expressing the fluorescent molecular marker for the microtubule-binding domain (GFP-MBD), in order to study dynamic patterns of microtubule arrays during mitotic cell division. Quantitative evaluations of cell division progress in the two root tissues (epidermis and cortex) clearly indicate that root growth rate is correlated with duration of cell division in alfalfa roots. Our results favor non-invasive environmental LSFM as one of the most suitable methods for qualitative and quantitative cellular and developmental imaging of living transgenic legume crops.
Really Useful Robots

Flesh and Machines explores the startlingly reciprocal connection between humans and their technological brethren, and explains how this relationship is being redefined as humans develop increasingly complex machines. The impetus to build machines that exhibit lifelike behaviors stretches back centuries, but for the last fifteen years much of this work has been done in Rodney Brooks's laboratory at MIT. His goal is not simply to build machines that are like humans but to alter our perception of the potential capabilities of robots. Our current attitude toward intelligent robots, he asserts, is simply a reflection of our own view of ourselves. Making science more accessible than ever before! The Essential Science series makes the difficult and fascinating world of cutting-edge science accessible to everyone with a stimulating mix of lively illustrations and jargon-free text. Important scientific theories are explained clearly in these authoritative guides that feature cross-references, glossaries, and thorough indexes. Remotely operated robots are becoming increasingly popular because they allow the operators to explore areas that may not normally be easily accessible. The use of video-controlled technology has sparked a growing public interest not just in hobbyists, but also in the areas of research, space, archeology, deep-sea exploration, and even the military. Significant changes in the technology marketplace have made the creation of an all-terrain, video controlled robot accessible to even the amateur robotic hobbyist. Get step-by-step instructions from the Junkbot masters for creating simple and fun self-guiding robots safely and easily using common and not-so-common objects from around the house-or within a quick shopping trip away. Using BEAM technology, ordinary tools, salvaged electronic bits, and the occasional dead toy, you'll be able to construct a solar-powered obstacle-avoiding device, engineer a mini-sumo-wrestling robot, build a motorized walking robot bug, and much more.
Poliomyelitis in pregnancy, fetus, and newborn.

IN THE FALL of 1954, a 20-year-old woman developed acute anterior poliomyelitis. She was at term, and the question of the fetus being affected before or at birth was raised. Also, nine days after diagnosis, when labor began, the question arose of whether she should be permitted upon the maternity service, and the neonate, in the nursery, of the local hospital. The mother had passed the seven-day isolation requirement of the state of California; it was felt that admission was reasonably safe. A healthy boy was born. On the second day of life this infant developed poliomyelitis. Eleven other infants, concurrently in the nursery, were given gamma globulin. There were no observed secondary cases. POLIOMYELITIS IN PREGNANCY Susceptibility to and incidence of paralytic poliomyelitis appear increased in pregnancy. In 95 cases collected by Aycock,* Fox and Sennett, 3 and Waaler, 4 wherein accurate comparison with the nongravid female population appeared
Prognostic parameters and risk stratification in intensive care patients with severe liver diseases.

BACKGROUND AND AIM Acute or chronic liver failure is associated with numerous complications and patients may require intensive care treatment, which is complex, time-consuming and often highly resource-intensive. Thus, it is necessary to identify clinical parameters that allow quick risk stratification. METHODS In 117 patients with acute or chronic liver failure requiring ICU admission, the clinical parameters, risk scores and results of microbiological examinations were documented and correlated with the outcome (survivor vs. non-survivor). RESULTS Predictors of outcome were: Child-Pugh-Score (p < 0.01), MELD-Score (p < 0.01), SAPS-II-Score (p < 0.05), bilirubin (p < 0.01), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) (p < 0.02), urine output (p < 0.01), requirement of catecholamine administration (p <0.004), serum creatinine (p < 0.01). The strongest predictors of outcome were in a multivariate model GCS (p = 0.006) and MELD-score (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Risk stratification in our patient collective was feasible. Apart from parameters to assess kidney function and circulation, various scoring systems that had previously not been evaluated for this kind of patient collective seem to be the main predictors of outcome.
Digital era generation: Zhai Nan and Zhai Nv blessing or curse

Studies have revealed that technology has become a part of each developmental stage from home to school, school to play time, play time to homework and homework to sleep. The fingerprints of media are presented everywhere as it has become a part of everyone's life. The purpose of this paper is to develop an understanding of a growing subculture of Zhai Nan and Zhai Nv. In particular paper will shed light on the era in which this generation has born and how the things in the environment have transformed because of the advancement of technology and modernization of society. It is very crucial to understand the dynamics of this era before understanding this emerging subculture. The main focus of the study is to comprehend the changing aspects that has played a vital role in the growth of Zhai culture on the basis of literature and how this group lifestyle and values are impacting them at individual and as well as societal level.
Piezoresistive Polymer-Based Materials for Real-Time Assessment of the Stump/Socket Interface Pressure in Lower Limb Amputees

This paper reports a suitable piezoresistive carbon nanotube (CNT)/PVDF composite capable of measuring the interface pressure within prosthetic stump/sockets. The transducers were prepared by hot pressing with CNTs with sample concentrations up to 10 wt. %. The sensibility (Gauge factor) of the composites was characterized using a mechanical testing equipment and the values reached 6.2. After the optimization of the materials, tests were conducted with a prototype placed in lower limb amputee patients, performing several standing and walking protocols. The prototype was tested in four lower limb amputees using a CNT concentration of 2 wt. % within the PVDF matrix. The transducers were fabricated with dimensions of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10\times25$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and ~1 mm of thickness functionalized with Ti–Ag thin-film electrodes at the surface. To acquire the electrical signal, an electronic circuit was developed with a wireless data acquisition system. The results suggest a strong application potential of the developed sensor prototype, namely as a complementary diagnostic tool, supporting socket design and rectification, being therefore an effective mean to increase patients’ quality of life.
Flocking Behaviors for Multiple Groups with Heterogeneous Agents

Most of researches for conventional simulations were studied focusing on flocks with a single species. While there exist the flocking behaviors with a single species in nature, the flocking behaviors are frequently observed with multi-species. This paper studies on the flocking simulation for heterogeneous agents. In order to simulate the flocks for heterogeneous agents, the conventional method uses the identifier of flock, while the proposed method defines the feature vector of agent and uses the similarity between agents by comparing with those feature vectors. Based on the similarity, the paper proposed the attractive force and repulsive force and then executed the simulation by applying two forces. The results of simulation showed that flock formation with heterogeneous agents is very natural in both cases. In addition, it showed that unlike the existing method, the proposed method can not only control the density of the flocks, but also be possible for two different groups of agents to flock close to each other if they have a high similarity. Keywords—Flocking behavior, heterogeneous agents, similarity, simulation.
Hodgkin's disease in 1987—is history repeating itself?

The history of Hodgkin’s disease (HD) has been long and controversial (Hodgkin, 1832; Kaplan, 1980), but has remained a source of interest and fascination to pathologists and clinicians alike, with each succeeding generation of medical researchers adding their thoughts and investigations to the already voluminous literature on the disease. While I do not intend to comprehensively review the history of research on HD, as this has been well documented by others (e.g. Taylor, 1978), it is important to point out that the controversy over the putative malignant nature of HD has waxed and waned over its 150-year history (Sternberg, 1898; Reed, 1902), and has not been entirely laid to rest today. Although most contemporary authorities on HD have reached a consensus opinion in recent years that the disease is a malignant lymphoma, there still exists little objective evidence for this conclusion based on the standard parameters defining malignancy, including chromosomal abnormalities in the putative malignant cells, and the demonstration that such cell populations are monoclonal or at least oligoclonal. The curious polymorphic histopathologic lesion of HD remains a conundrum to those trying to argue that a malignant lymphoma can often exhibit less than 1 per cent putative tumour cells (i.e. RSC and variants) and still qualify as a member of the family of neoplasms that includes the Non-Hodgkins lymphomas (NHL). The well-known occurrence of RSC in a wide variety of benign conditions such as infectious mononucleosis is not reassuring. Over the years the study of HD has matured, roughly in parallel with the rest ofmedical science, and there has been the tendency to apply new technologies to this disease as they have been developed (Ford et al., 1987). For example, cell culture techniques have been widely
Surgery Versus Conservative Treatment for Symptomatic Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

Study Design. Systematic review. Objective. To compare the effectiveness of surgery versus conservative treatment on pain, disability, and loss of quality of life caused by symptomatic lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). Summary of Background Data. LSS is the most common reason for spine surgery in persons older than 65 years in the United States. Methods. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing any form of conservative and surgical treatment were searched in CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and TripDatabase databases until July 2009, with no language restrictions. Additional data were requested from the authors of the original studies. The methodological quality of each study was assessed independently by two reviewers, following the criteria recommended by the Cochrane Back Review Group. Only data from randomized cohorts were extracted. Results. A total of 739 citations were reviewed. Eleven publications corresponding to five RCTs were included. All five scored as high quality despite concerns deriving from heterogeneity of treatment, lack of blinding, and potential differences in the size of the placebo effect across groups. They included a total of 918 patients in whom conservative treatments had failed for 3 to 6 months, and included orthosis, rehabilitation, physical therapy, exercise, heat and cold, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, ultrasounds, analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and epidural steroids. Surgical treatments included the implantation of a specific type of interspinous device and decompressive surgery (with and without fusion, instrumented or not). In all the studies, surgery showed better results for pain, disability, and quality of life, although not for walking ability. Results of surgery were similar among patients with and without spondylolisthesis, and slightly better among those with neurogenic claudication than among those without it. The advantage of surgery was noticeable at 3 to 6 months and remained for up to 2 to 4 years, although at the end of that period differences tended to be smaller. Conclusion. In patients with symptomatic LSS, the implantation of a specific type of device or decompressive surgery, with or without fusion, is more effective than continued conservative treatment when the latter has failed for 3 to 6 months.
Purification and properties of chlorophyll c from Sargassum flavicans.

inhibitors on this incorporation, have been studied and compared with the results of similar investigations carried out earlier. 2. Washed spermatozoa from buffalo and goat have been shown to incorporate radioactive amino acids into their proteins. No such incorporation was observed in cock spermatozoa. 3. The radioactivity of bulland buffalo-spermatozoa proteins was retained on reincubation of prelabelled spermatozoa with a large excess of unlabelled amino acids for 1j hr. 4. There was an average 50% loss of radioactivity from the proteins of bull and buffalo spermatozoa on storage at 00 for 18 hr. ; under these conditions the spermatozoa are known to lose their acrosome and hyaluronidase. 5. The findings support the view that the incorporation of radioactive amino acids into the proteins of mammalian spermatozoa occurs in the acrosomal region.
Combination therapy for treatment of multiple sclerosis

age that occurs in AD and therefore serve as a biological measure to track evolving clinical signs of dementia. In contrast to NFTs, amyloid deposition in brain does not correlate with duration of illness or dementia severity7”; nor do CSF AP measurements correlate with dementia severity, according to the current report. The study of Kanai and colleagues met many of the recommended steps in the Reagan consensus statement for establishing a biomarker. Their study was well powered and was conducted by experts in the field. They specified the type of control subjects as well as those with dementing illnesses other than AD. Furthermore, they presented the sensitivity and specificity of their measures, which, although below the target goal of 8O%, show promise and are essential for evaluating their report. For the AD index to be fully accepted as useful in the early diagnosis of AD, however, its sensitivity and specificity should be improved and the finding confirmed in at least one additional independent study conducted by investigators with expertise in this field.
Asymptomatic myelitis in neuromyelitis optica and autoimmune aquaporin-4 channelopathy.

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an autoimmune inflammatory CNS disease associated with pathogenic aquaporin-4 autoantibodies (AQP4-IgG); optic neuritis (ON) and myelitis are required to fulfill diagnostic criteria.1 NMO spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) are defined as one or more typical NMO syndromes accompanied by AQP4-IgG seropositivity but not yet fulfilling NMO diagnostic criteria (e.g., AQP4-IgG–seropositive recurrent ON). Non-Caucasian ethnicity and coexisting autoimmunity are common in NMO/NMOSD.2 Transverse myelitis episodes in patients with NMO/NMOSD are characteristically longitudinally extensive (extending ≥3 vertebral segments on MRI), and the resulting clinical phenotype is typically severe, with paraplegia and wheelchair dependence at nadir a frequent finding.2 In contrast, multiple sclerosis (MS) myelitis episodes are typically mild and often asymptomatic.3 Herein we report 3 AQP4-IgG–seropositive4 women with asymptomatic myelitis in the setting of NMO/NMOSD.
The Rac Target NADPH Oxidase p67 Interacts Preferentially with Rac2 Rather Than Rac1 (*)

NADPH oxidase is a plasma membrane enzyme of phagocytes generating superoxide anions which serve as bactericidal agents. Activation of this multimolecular enzyme minimally requires assembly at the membrane with flavocytochrome b of cytosolic components p47, p67, and Rac proteins. Rac1 and Rac2 are 92% homologous cytosolic small GTPase proteins. Both Rac1 and Rac2 have been implicated with NADPH oxidase activation in vitro; however, Rac2 is largely predominant in human phagocytes. Here, using the yeast two-hybrid system, we provide data demonstrating in vivo interactions between human p47, p67, and Rac proteins. Rac proteins interact with p67 in a GTP-dependent manner, but do not interact with p47. Moreover, Rac effector site mutants, which are known to be inactive in NADPH oxidase, lose their interaction with p67; Rac2L61 mutant, which has an increased NADPH oxidase affinity, shows an increased affinity for p67. Finally, we observe that p67 interacts 6-fold better with Rac2 than with Rac1. We also show a strong intracellular interaction between p47 and p67. These results indicate that activated Rac can regulate NADPH oxidase by interacting with p67 and that Rac2 is the main p67-interacting GTPase in human cells.