Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis and modelling of resources shared in the BitTorrent network

BitTorrent is nowadays the most common protocol to distribute contents through peer‐to‐peer networks. Because of its relevance, it is important to study and understand its behaviour and impact from several points of view, including those related to communication efficiency and security risks. In this paper, we analyse BitTorrent network focusing on the behaviour of shared resources. For that, we develop a monitoring methodology that allows to extract the time evolution of a sample of 1/256 of all the resources shared in the network. As a main difference with previous approaches, our methodology allows to monitor distributed hash table‐based BitTorrent networks, that is, without considering trackers. We discuss the data obtained from a monitoring process carried out during 3 months, and as a result, we analyse the information of more than 70 000 resources. This analysis is based on four features: geographic dispersion, popularity, sharing duration and availability. Finally, we show the potential of our methodology by outlining an example application that consists of a detection system intended to identify anomalous behaviours in the sharing of BitTorrent resources. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formation of Peroxy Radicals from OH-Toluene Adducts and O2

The gas-phase reaction of OH radicals with toluene and toluene-d8 and reactions of the resulting OH adducts with O2 were studied in N2/O2 mixtures at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. OH production was performed by pulsed 248 nm photolysis of H2O2. Cw UV-laser long-path absorption at 308 nm was used for time-resolved detection of OH and OH−toluene adducts. The reaction OH + toluene was studied in N2 and O2 and similar rate constants of (5.70 ± 0.19) × 10-12 cm3 s-1 (N2) and (5.60 ± 0.14) × 10-12 cm3 s-1 (O2) were obtained at 100 kPa. For toluene-d8 the corresponding rate constants are (5.34 ± 0.34) × 10-12 cm3 s-1 (N2) and (5.47 ± 0.14) × 10-12 cm3 s-1 (O2). Absorption cross-sections of (1.1 ± 0.2) × 10-17 cm2 were determined for both the OH−toluene and OH−toluene-d8 adduct at 308 nm. Rate constants of (4.7 ± 1.4) × 10-11 cm3 s-1 and (1.8 ± 0.5) × 10-10 cm3 s-1 were determined for the OH−toluene adduct self-reaction and the OH−toluene adduct + HO2 reaction, respectively. Upper limits ≤8 × 10-15 c.
Cost Efficiency Optimization for Multi-Cell Systems Powered by Micro-Grids

This paper investigates a multi-cell system powered by a micro-grid (MG), where the conventional generators (CGs), energy storage devices (ESDs) and renewable energy generators (REGs) are scheduled to supply electricity to base stations (BSs) at different prices respectively. Under this energy schedule model, we study the efficiency aspect of the MG-powered multi-cell systems from the economical perspective, and propose a new concept of efficiency, which is referred to as cost efficiency (CE). Specifically, we consider the ratio of the sum rate for all BSs to the total energy cost that the system spends in providing electricity for BSs. Assuming that the zero-forcing (ZF) beamforming scheme is employed by the BSs, our goal is to maximize the CE by jointly scheduling energy in the MG and allocating the transmit power at the BSs. We apply the Lagrange duality decomposition technique and Dinkelbach method to address the established CE optimization problem. Simulations are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Loss of Viral Fitness Associated with Multiple Gag and Gag-Pol Processing Defects in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Variants Selected for Resistance to Protease Inhibitors In Vivo

ABSTRACT We examined the viral replicative capacity and protease-mediated processing of Gag and Gag-Pol precursors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) variants selected for resistance to protease inhibitors. We compared recombinant viruses carrying plasma HIV RNA protease sequences obtained from five patients before protease inhibitor therapy and after virus escape from the treatment. Paired pretherapy-postresistance reconstructed viruses were evaluated for HIV infectivity in a quantitative single-cycle titration assay and in a lymphoid cell propagation assay. We found that all reconstructed resistant viruses had a reproducible decrease in their replicative capacity relative to their parental pretherapy counterparts. The extent of this loss of infectivity was pronounced for some viruses and more limited for others, irrespective of the inhibitor used and of the level of resistance. In resistant viruses, the efficiency of Gag and Gag-Pol precursor cleavage by the protease was impaired to different extents, as shown by the accumulation of several cleavage intermediates in purified particle preparations. We conclude that protease inhibitor-resistant HIV variants selected during therapy have an impaired replicative capacity related to multiple defects in the processing of Gag and Gag-Pol polyprotein precursors by the protease.
Endothelial proliferation, migration, and differentiation are blunted by conditionally expressed protein kinase C pseudosubstrate peptides.

Peptides based on the pseudosubstrate (PS) sequence of conventional protein kinase C isoenzymes (alpha, beta, gamma) specifically inhibit PKC activity in permeabilized cells, but whether PS can be used to study the role of PKC in the proliferation or migration of intact endothelial cells (EC) and angiogenesis is unknown. Peptides based on the PKCeta pseudosubstrate (etaPS) sequence were 3.5- to 8-fold more potent in inhibiting the PKCalpha, delta, epsilon, or eta kinase activity than was the peptide based on the PKCalpha pseudosubstrate (alphaPS) sequence. Thus, etaPS was conditionally overexpressed in intact EC and compared to alphaPS. Serum-induced growth of EC expressing etaPS was significantly slower than that of control EC. etaPS EC demonstrated slower rate of serum stimulated migration than that of either control or alphaPS EC. Expression of either etaPS or alphaPS produced slower rates of PMA induced EC migration, as compared to control EC. In an in vitro three-dimensional assay in which EC organize into capillary tubules, the EC that expressed etaPS formed fewer such tubules. This study shows that pseudosubstrate inhibitors derived from PKCeta are more potent both in vitro and in vivo than one based on the conventional isoenzyme PKCalpha. These data further support a role for PKC in proliferation and migration of intact EC, and angiogenesis.
Curriculum Development for Teaching Business Information Systems to Business Administration Students - An Example from a University of Applied Sciences

The first universities of applied sciences (German: Fachhochschulen) were established between 1969 and 1971 in western Germany to offer students a university education, but – compared to scientific universities – with a clearer focus on the application of the major course concepts in the real world, be it enterprises, public institutions, non-governmental organizations or whatever.1 Though a lot has changed since then, including the oftentimes early adoption of bachelor and master degrees in recent years, universities of applied sciences still strife to offer their students a state-of-the-art professional education. In the case of business administration programs, a number of universities of applied sciences, including Albstadt-Sigmaringen University, the university referred to in this paper, have strengthened their curriculum by introducing and even extending business informatics courses offered. In this paper I present a possible concept for the development of business informatics and here especially business software skills for a business administration program at a university of applied sciences in Germany. I will first describe the situation at Albstadt-Sigmaringen University in general and then proceed to explain the concept of teaching information systems to business administration students in detail. I will then mention some practical considerations before concluding with a very brief summary.
Utilization of Oriented Peptide Libraries to Identify Substrate Motifs Selected by ATM*

The ataxia telangiectasiamutated (ATM) gene encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a critical role in genomic surveillance and development. Here, we use a peptide library approach to define thein vitro substrate specificity of ATM kinase activity. The peptide library analysis identified an optimal sequence with a central core motif of LSQE that is preferentially phosphorylated by ATM. The contributions of the amino acids surrounding serine in the LSQE motif were assessed by utilizing specific peptide libraries or individual peptide substrates. All amino acids comprising the LSQE sequence were critical for maximum peptide substrate suitability for ATM. The DNA-dependent proteinkinase (DNA-PK), a Ser/Thr kinase related to ATM and important in DNA repair, was compared with ATM in terms of peptide substrate selectivity. DNA-PK was found to be unique in its preference of neighboring amino acids to the phosphorylated serine. Peptide library analyses defined a preferred amino acid motif for ATM that permits clear distinctions between ATM and DNA-PK kinase activity. Data base searches using the library-derived ATM sequence identified previously characterized substrates of ATM, as well as novel candidate substrate targets that may function downstream in ATM-directed signaling pathways.
DETERMINATION OF TESTOSTERONE IN HUMAN PERIPHERAL AND ADRENAL VENOUS PLASMA.

The plasma concentration of unconjugated testosterone has been determined by a double isotope-derivative assay (14C-testosterone, 3H-acetic anhydride) by a modification with thin-layer chromatography of the method of Hudson, Coghlan, Dulmanis, Wintour and Ekkel (1963). Values for peripheral venous plasma were: normal males (19–33 yr): mean 0.70 μg/100 ml (range 0.32–1.07); normal females (19–40 yr): mean 0.18 μg/100 ml (range 0.06–0.31); 5 adrenalectomized ovariectomized females: mean 0.08 μg/100 ml (range 0.01–0.17); an untreated patient with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: 0.59 μg/100 ml. In addition, samples obtained by catheterization of veins draining the left adrenal in women with idiopathic hirsutism were analyzed; in some the concentration of testosterone was significantly higher than that in simultaneously collected peripheral plasma. Preliminary observations have been made on the level of conjugated testosterone in plasma. These data show that testosterone is secreted by the adrenal cortex and s.
Linguistic Divergence in Austronesian on the Island of Timor

The island of Timor, located in South East Asia, experienced a wave of migration from the neighboring islands several thousand years ago, resulting in its domination by the Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian languages. The spread of these languages and their relationships to each other remain poorly understood. Using statistical tools and computation, a data set comprised of words from 53 languages will be analyzed in order to explore a new method for estimating linguistic divergence that has only previously been applied to the Turkic languages. Regular sound correspondences will be inferred and cognates will be identified to estimate the amount of time that has passed since the languages split. These new methods, incorporating linguistic knowledge, will hopefully compare favorably with current computational strategies and will contribute to a deeper understanding of the movement of the Austronesian people in Timor.
Clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal cancer less than 10 mm in diameter and invading submucosa and below

Background and Aims: Identifying the invasive depth of cancers less than 10 mm in diameter remains a challenge. This study examines the clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal cancers less than 10 mm in diameter and invading submucosal layer (SM)3 and below, which require surgery and must never be treated by endoscopic mucosal resection.
Robust control in industrial roll-to-roll systems: New approaches using finite element modeling of the web

Roll-to-roll systems handling web material such as papers, polymers, textiles or metals are very common in the industry. Web handling systems are recently used to produce new technologies such as printed semi-conductors, thin solar panels, printed electronics, etc. In web handling systems, one of the main objectives is to reach a good accuracy of web tension and web speed. For the tuning of machineries, one-dimensional models are commonly used and they do not take into account several three-dimensional mechanical phenomena initiated by lateral components of the elastic web dynamics. It is necessary to develop new models in order to optimize roll-to-roll systems. This paper presents for the first time robust control applied to web dynamics modeled in 3D. Moreover, for the first time, 1D and 3D modeled roll-to-roll systems (including controllers) are compared.
Optimizing the affinity and specificity of ligand binding with the inclusion of solvation effect

Solvation effect is an important factor for protein–ligand binding in aqueous water. Previous scoring function of protein–ligand interactions rarely incorporates the solvation model into the quantification of protein–ligand interactions, mainly due to the immense computational cost, especially in the structure‐based virtual screening, and nontransferable application of independently optimized atomic solvation parameters. In order to overcome these barriers, we effectively combine knowledge‐based atom–pair potentials and the atomic solvation energy of charge‐independent implicit solvent model in the optimization of binding affinity and specificity. The resulting scoring functions with optimized atomic solvation parameters is named as specificity and affinity with solvation effect (SPA‐SE). The performance of SPA‐SE is evaluated and compared to 20 other scoring functions, as well as SPA. The comparative results show that SPA‐SE outperforms all other scoring functions in binding affinity prediction and “native” pose identification. Our optimization validates that solvation effect is an important regulator to the stability and specificity of protein–ligand binding. The development strategy of SPA‐SE sets an example for other scoring function to account for the solvation effect in biomolecular recognitions. Proteins 2015; 83:1632–1642. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Advances and challenges in treatment and prevention of ischemic stroke

We review recent advances in the treatment and prevention of acute ischemic stroke, including the current state of endovascular therapy, in light of 5 randomized controlled trials published this past year. Although no benefit of endovascular therapy over intravenous (IV) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt‐PA) has been demonstrated, endovascular therapy is an appropriate treatment for acute ischemic stroke patients within the t‐PA window who are ineligible for IV t‐PA but have a large vascular occlusion. These trials reveal promises and current limitations of endovascular therapy, and comparison of reperfusion therapies remains an important area of research. One common theme is the strong association between a faster time to reperfusion, improved outcome, and reduced mortality. Primary and secondary stroke prevention trials emphasize the importance of aggressive management of medical risk factors as part of any preventative strategy. New oral anticoagulants, for example, offer cost‐effective risk reduction in patients with atrial fibrillation, and may represent an opportunity for those with cryptogenic stroke. We highlight areas of unmet need and promising research in stroke, including the need to deliver proven therapies to more patients, and the need to recruit patients into clinical trials that better define the role of endovascular and other stroke therapies. Finally, improvement in strategies to recover speech, cognition, and motor function has the potential to benefit far more stroke patients than any acute stroke therapy, and represents the greatest opportunity for research in the coming century. Ann Neurol 2013;74:363–372
Span Space Data Structures for Multithreaded Isosurfacing

A data structure that can enable efficient isosurface extraction on desktop (single- and dual-CPU) computers is introduced. The data structure enables avoidance of unnecessary processing in the isosurface extraction while consuming little memory. Incorporation of the data structure into multithreading strategies that allow exploitation of slack computational processing resources, especially on hyperthreaded CPUs, is also described.
Predicting Ambivalence: When Same-Sex Sex is Only “Sometimes Wrong”

ABSTRACT Despite Americans’ growing acceptance of LGBTQ people and their sexual behaviors over the past 40 years, approximately 10% of the population consistently expresses conflicted feelings, reporting that same-sex sex is only sometimes wrong. This research employs a theory of socially structured ambivalence to examine how individuals with ambivalence toward the morality of same-sex sex differ from those with strong moral stances. Using multinomial regression analysis of General Social Survey data, we find that socio-structural conflicts—e.g. simultaneous membership in institutions with conflicting normative messages—are predictive of ambivalent attitudes, and the presence of these structured conflicts appears to have a cumulative effect. These findings provide evidence of the predictive power of socially structured conflicts in producing ambivalent attitudes and expand the existing literature on ambivalence and attitudes about same-sex relations. We propose that scholars conceptualize ambivalence as a distinctly socio-structural and relational construct that may help to signal fertile ground for social change.
Number of Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Intratumoral Microvessel Density in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients: Differences in Angiogenic Status between Adenocarcinoma Histologic Subtypes

Introduction: Angiogenesis plays a significant role in tumor progression. This study examined the association between the number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), intratumoral microvessel density (MVD) (both of which may be markers for neovascularization), and lung cancer histological types, particularly adenocarcinoma histological subtypes. Methods: A total of 83 stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients underwent complete tumor resection between November 2009 and July 2010. The number of EPCs from the pulmonary artery of the resected lungs was measured by assaying CD34+/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 positive cells, and the MVD was assessed immunohistochemically in tumor specimens by staining for CD34. Results: A statistically significant correlation between the number of EPCs from pulmonary artery and intratumoral MVD was found (p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences in the number of EPCs and the MVD were observed between the adenocarcinomas and the squamous cell carcinomas. Among the adenocarcinoma histological subtypes, a higher number of EPCs and MVD were found significantly more frequently in solid adenocarcinomas than in nonsolid adenocarcinomas (p < 0.001 and p = 0.011, respectively). In addition, solid adenocarcinomas showed higher levels of vascular endothelial growth factor using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in the tumor tissue samples than in the nonsolid adenocarcinomas (p = 0.005). Conclusion: The higher number of circulating EPCs and the MVD of solid adenocarcinoma may indicate the presence of differences in the tumor angiogenic status between early-stage adenocarcinoma histological subtypes. Among adenocarcinoma patients, patients with solid adenocarcinoma may be the best candidates for antiangiogenic therapies.
The analysis of repeatability and reproducibility of bladder neck mobility measurements obtained during pelvic floor sonography performed introitally with 2D transvaginal probe.

OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was the evaluation of repeatability and reproducibility of chosen urethral neck mobility measurements obtained during introital pelvic floor sonography performed with a 2D transvaginal probe. MATERIAL AND METHODS In order to assess the repeatability and reproducibility, independent measurements on the ultra-sound image were taken by two specialists on 92 female patients at rest and at strain (Valsalva maneuver). 2D ultrasound examination was performed introitally with a transvaginal probe (PFS-TV). The location of the urethral internal orifice was defined with coordinates of two points. Point CI marks the urethral anterior edge visualized on ultrasound as closer to the pubic symphysis. Point CII marks the posterior edge visualized more peripherally from pubic symphysis. RESULTS Repeatability and reproducibility measurements of point CI location and mobility were good and very good (0.6710-0.9961), while of point CII - were medium, good and very good (0.5738-0.9944). Point CI was clearly visible in all cases. It was not possible to accurately mark point CII in 4.3-17.4% of cases. CONCLUSIONS The possibility to visualize point CI in every single case with very good and good repeatability and reproduc-ibility of measurements of this point's location and mobility allows the usage of CI point as a universal reference point for evaluation of bladder neck mobility and position during PFS-TV in the clinical practice and for research purposes.
Treatment of Peroneal Tendon Dislocation by Transposition Under the Calcaneofibular Ligament

Of the many different surgical techniques to treat peroneal tendon dislocations, transposition of the peroneal tendons under the calcaneofibular ligament has been used at the Orthopädisches Spital of Vienna/Austria since 1975. The method was first described by Platzgummer in 1967. After dividing the calcaneofibular ligament and removing the fatty tissue in the space between this ligament, the posterior talofibular ligament, and the lateral capsule of the subtalar joint, the peroneal tendons are placed behind the lateral malleolus and under the calcaneofibular ligament, which is reconstructed by suture to create an efficient retainment. Of 17 feet operated on, 13 were available for follow-up in 12 patients. Dislocation was idiopathic in three and traumatic in 10 feet. Criteria for evaluation were patient's satisfaction, absence of pain and swelling, and stability of tendon retention and of ankle and subtalar joints. Of the 13 operated feet, 11 showed an excellent result and two showed a good result. In the results graded as “good,” occasional pain and swelling occurred in both feet of a patient belonging to the idiopathic group.
User-centered design case study: Ribbon interface development for point of sale software

The article is devoted to user-centered design (UCD) applied to the development process of the point of sale software. The influence of UCD methodology on the whole project's progress and its results is described alongside with exemplary user interface designs. In particular, there is a ribbon menu elaborated with the results of the user experience evaluation.
Probabilistic caching strategy in collaborative small cell networks

This paper will discuss the distributed caching strategies in clustered heterogeneous cellular networks. Basically, there are two obstacles to accomplish the caching policy in the wireless access networks, i.e., the limited storage capacity of small cells and the too small coverage area of each base station to imply content aggregation effect. Traditionally, the existing caching strategies only concern the local requests within one base station coverage, which neglects the clustered characteristics of network infrastructure and user traffic demand. In this paper, we consider a two-tier clustered cellular networks, within which small cells can exchange content to fulfill each user request. Intuitively, this cooperation between base stations increases the service capacity of clustered cellular networks as testified in our numerical simulation.