Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Peripheral challenge with a viral mimic elicits seizure hypersusceptibility

Peripheral challenge with a viral mimic elicits seizure hypersusceptibility Lindsay Tanis Michalovicz Seizure syndromes are common neuropathologies associated with epilepsy, metabolic disturbances, stroke, traumatic brain injury, heat stroke, fatigue, drug overdose and several other conditions. Peripheral inflammatory conditions have emerged as important comorbid factors in seizures. We found that peripherally restricted acute phase response (APR) elicited by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of a viral mimic, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (PIC), renders the brain hyperexcitable as seen from profoundly exacerbated kainic acid (KA)-induced seizures. This hypersusceptibility was protracted for up to 72 h. Neither blood plasma transfer from PIC challenged mice nor injection of two highly expressed blood cytokines, IL-6 and IFN, were able to recapitulate the effects of PIC. We also found the hypersusceptible phenotype to be cyclooxygenase (COX)-independent. These results indicate that peripheral APR-induced seizure hypersusceptibility is reliant on the diffusion of a number of blood-borne inflammatory factors in a concentration-dependent manner. To understand how peripheral challenge with PIC can alter neural excitability and lead to hyperexcitability, we profiled hippocampal gene expression. qRT-PCR revealed rapid upregulation of 23 genes encoding cytokines, chemokine and chemokine receptors and 12 genes encoding proteins related to glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission generally within 6 h after PIC challenge. Moreover, the expression of ten microRNAs (miRs) was rapidly affected by PIC challenge, but their levels generally exhibited oscillating profiles over the time course of seizure hypersusceptibility. Further exploration into this robust polygenic response by microarray analysis identified 625 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across 6, 24, and 48 h post-PIC challenge. The complement pathway was found to be the most robustly activated. qRT-PCR quantification verified temporal upregulation of the mRNA encoding eight complement components, i.e., C1qa, C1qb, C1qc, CfB, C2, C3, C4, and C6. Collectively, these results indicate that peripheral PIC challenge triggers an extensive genetic reprograming in the hippocampus that may play a causative role in the remodeling of neural circuits resulting in the hyperexcitable phenotype.
Strongly gapped spin-wave excitation in the insulating phase of NaOsO3

NaOsO3 hosts a rare manifestation of a metal-insulator transition driven by magnetic correlations, placing the magnetic exchange interactions in a central role. We use resonant inelastic x-ray scattering to directly probe these magnetic exchange interactions. A dispersive and strongly gapped (58 meV) excitation is observed indicating appreciable spin-orbit coupling in this 5d3 system. The excitation is well described within a minimal model Hamiltonian with strong anisotropy and Heisenberg exchange (J1=J2=13.9 meV). The observed behavior places NaOsO3 on the boundary between localized and itinerant magnetism.
Timber Harvesting, Mass Erosion, and Steepland Forest Geomorphology in the Pacific Northwest

Forest operations in mountainous regions of the Pacific Northwest have a major impact on soil-erosion processes. The mountains of the region are youthful, the area has undergone recent tectonic activity, and west of the crest of the Cascades annual precipitation may exceed 375 cm. Consequently, natural erosion rates are high. Heavy forest vegetation and the high infiltration capacity of many of the forest soils protect slopes from surface erosion. The combination of these factors results in mass erosion processes generally being the dominant mechanisms of sediment transport from hillslopes to stream channels. The principal mass erosion processes are slow, downslope movement involving subtle deformation of the soil mantle (creep) and discrete failures, including slow-moving, deep-seated slump—earthflows; rapid, shallow soil and organic debris movement from hillslopes (debris avalanches); and rapid debris movement along downstream channels (debris torrents) (Fig. 1A, B). In many areas, forest vegetation plays an important role in stabilizing slopes and reducing the movement rate and occurrence of these mass erosion processes. When timber is removed from marginally stable slopes, whether by natural processes such as wildfire and wind or by the activities of man, a temporary acceleration of erosion activity is likely. Accelerated erosion due to forest land management activities may result in reduced productivity of forest soils over sizable portions of affected watersheds, damage to roads, bridges, and other structures, and adverse impacts on the stream environment downstream.
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ACTIVITIES OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS IN BULGARIA

This article presents the results of a survey of corporate social responsibility activities, under-taken by a group of business entities in Bulgaria in the context of great political, economical and cultural changes that the country has been passing through from 1990 up to date, and that affected the organizational behaviour of locally operating companies, as well as the beliefs, values and underlying assumptions of the individuals, working there. Environmental factors, influencing the initiated corpo-rate social responsibility activities, and potential reasons of undertaking corporate social responsibility initiatives by local managers are identified and analyzed. The concrete survey seeks the reasons for initiation of company philanthropic programs, the preferred spending destinations for the companies in their philanthropic undertakings, the constituencies and considerations of greatest im-portance for business entities in this sphere, and an appraisal of the effectiveness of the philanthropic programs, started by the companies.
RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE EU HIGH LEVEL EXPERT GROUP ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON ITS DRAFT AI ETHICS GUIDELINES FOR TRUSTWORTHY AI

RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE EU HIGH LEVEL EXPERT GROUP ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON ITS DRAFT AI ETHICS GUIDELINES FOR TRUSTWORTHY AI The Center for Data Innovation is pleased to submit feedback to the High-Level Expert Group (HLEG) on AI on its draft AI Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI. The Center is a nonprofit research institute focused on the intersection of data, technology, and public policy. With staff in Washington, DC and Brussels, the Center formulates and promotes pragmatic public policies designed to maximize the benefits of data-driven innovation in the public and private sectors. It educates policymakers and the public about the opportunities and challenges associated with data, as well as technology trends such as artificial intelligence, open data, and the Internet of Things. The Center is affiliated with the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation (ITIF), the top-ranked science and technology policy think tank in the world.
FROM NAGAOKA'S FERROMAGNETISM TO FLAT-BAND FERROMAGNETISM AND BEYOND : AN INTRODUCTION TO FERROMAGNETISM IN THE HUBBARD MODEL

This is a self-contained review about ferromagnetism in the Hubbard model, which should be accessible to readers with various backgrounds who are new to the field. We describe Nagaoka's ferromagnetism and flat-band ferromagnetism in detail, giving all necessary backgrounds as well as complete (but elementary) mathematical proofs. By studying an intermediate model called long-range hopping model, we also demonstrate that there is indeed a deep relation between these two seemingly different approaches to ferromagnetism. We further discuss some attempts to go beyond these approaches. We briefly discuss recent rigorous example of ferromagnetism in the Hubbard model which has neither infinitely large parameters nor completely flat bands. We give preliminary discussions about possible experimental realizations of the (nearly-)flat-band ferromagnetism. Finally we focus on some theoretical attempts to understand metallic ferromagnetism. We discuss three artificial one-dimensional models in which the existence of metallic ferromagnetism can be easily proved.
Hatch date and growth rate drives reproductive success in nest-guarding males of a temperate reef fish

Identifying sources of variation in individual reproductive success is crucial to our understanding of population dynamics and evolutionary ecology. We evaluated sources of variation in reproductive success of the common triplefin Forsterygion lapillum, a species with male parental care. We characterised breeding success of adult males during the breeding season (using presence of eggs and/or breeding territories as proxies for success), measured their phenotypic traits (body size and condition) and used their otoliths to reconstruct life history characteristics (hatch dates and average growth rates). Our reconstructions of life history traits suggested at least 2 alternative pathways to success for adult males. More successful males hatched earlier and therefore had a developmental head-start over less successful males (age of males with eggs > age of male territory holders without eggs > age of males without territories, i.e. ‘floaters’). Alternatively, our reconstructions suggested that reproductive success of males was predicted by growth rates: for males born in the same month, those with eggs grew faster than those with territories and no eggs, and both groups grew faster than floaters. These results suggest that accelerated growth rate may compensate for the effects of a later hatch date, and that both hatch dates and growth rates influence the success of adult males, likely through proximate effects on individual phenotypes.
Title Phenotypic expression of ADAMTS 13 in glomerular endothelialcells

Background: ADAMTS13 is the physiological von Willebrand factor (VWF)-cleaving protease. The aim of this study was to examine ADAMTS13 expression in kidneys from ADAMTS13 wild-type (Adamts13) and deficient (Adamts13) mice and to investigate the expression pattern and bioactivity in human glomerular endothelial cells. Methodology/Principal Findings: Immunohistochemistry was performed on kidney sections from ADAMTS13 wild-type and ADAMTS13-deficient mice. Phenotypic differences were examined by ultramorphology. ADAMTS13 expression in human glomerular endothelial cells and dermal microvascular endothelial cells was investigated by real-time PCR, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and immunoblotting. VWF cleavage was demonstrated by multimer structure analysis and immunoblotting. ADAMTS13 was demonstrated in glomerular endothelial cells in Adamts13 mice but no staining was visible in tissue from Adamts13 mice. Thickening of glomerular capillaries with platelet deposition on the vessel wall was detected in Adamts13 mice. ADAMTS13 mRNA and protein were detected in both human endothelial cells and the protease was secreted. ADAMTS13 activity was demonstrated in glomerular endothelial cells as cleavage of VWF. Conclusions/Significance: Glomerular endothelial cells express and secrete ADAMTS13. The proteolytic activity could have a protective effect preventing deposition of platelets along capillary lumina under the conditions of high shear stress present in glomerular capillaries. Citation: Tati R, Kristoffersson A-C, Ståhl A-l, Mörgelin M, Motto D, et al. (2011) Phenotypic Expression of ADAMTS13 in Glomerular Endothelial Cells. PLoS ONE 6(6): e21587. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0021587 Editor: Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil Received December 29, 2010; Accepted June 5, 2011; Published June 24, 2011 Copyright: 2011 Tati et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This study was supported by grants from The Swedish Research Council (K2010-65X-14008 to DK and 2008-7480 to MM), Torsten and Ragnar Söderberg Foundation, The Fund for Renal Research, Crown Princess Lovisa’s Society for Child Care, The Konung Gustaf V:s 80-årsfond, and Fanny Ekdahl’s Foundation (all to DK). Support was also provided by The Greta and Johan Kock Foundation and the Crafoord Foundation (to MM). DK is the recipient of a clinicalexperimental research fellowship from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: Diana.Karpman@med.lu. se
Understanding the influence of a cognitively demanding task on motor response times and subjective mental fatigue/boredom

BACKGROUND: Several methods are used to induce mental fatigue; predominantly the modified Stroop task, which arguably has little relation to daily lifestyle tasks. AIM: To investigate the influence of the modified Stroop task on mental fatigue, boredom and motor response times. METHOD: 15 subjects (24.3±2.3 years) completed a 30-min modified Stroop task (control condition: 30-min reading) and completed PRE, POST and POST 5-min subjective ratings of mental fatigue, mental effort and boredom. Participants' ability to use congruent and inhibit incongruent precues in a choice reaction time task (CRTT) was measured pre- and post- Stroop and control. RESULTS: Significantly higher subjective ratings of pre-post condition mental fatigue (pre:2.43±1.31 AU, post: 6.42±2.08 AU,p 0.05) and boredom (PRE: 1.94±1.52 AU, POST: 3.32 ± 1.66 AU,p>0.05). No significant differences were found between conditions for the extent to which participants’ response times were affected by congruent (p=0.481) or incongruent (p=0.225) precues. CONCLUSION: Future research must adopt cognitive activities with higher contextual interference for greater ecological validity, and elucidate the impact of rest on recovery from mental fatigue.
REVIEW ON THE GENETIC POTENTIAL OF NIGERIAN LOCAL CHICKENS

This review paper aims at the genetic potential of Nigerian local chickens (NLC) and highlighted the breed types, characteristics, and distribution which includes Fulani ecotypes and Forest savannah (Yoruba) ecotypes. The paper also explained the management and production systems of NLC which comprise extensive and semi-intensive systems. Furthermore, the genetic diversity and potentials were not left out and it shows that there is a presence of genetic diversity within and among breeds of local chicken that are responsible for their differences in phenotypic appearance. Approaches towards the improvement of genetic potentials were elaborated such as the development of improved indigenous lines, crossbreeding, within-breeds selection, and introgression and cockerel exchange. These approaches showed a significant result on genetic improvement. Additionally, the importance of indigenous breeds of chicken was emphasized as a source of animal protein, income revenue, religious activities, and job creation. However, the challenges towards the genetic improvement of NLC were also incorporated, for example, low productivity, late sexual maturity, disease occurrence, and lack of research. Moreover, the local chickens are of great importance because their contribution to the national economy is enormous with huge future prospects.
Pharmacology of vitamin D Anything new ?

A main source of food for ancient humans (“hunter-gatherers”) was fresh meat. It contains much more 25(OH) vitamin D3 (25[OH]D3) than vitamin D3. It seems likely that in northern Europe, where vitamin D is in short supply during the extended winter season, evolutionary forces may have led to optimization of intestinal absorption of 25(OH)D3: excellent oral bioavailability (60 – 80 %) and little inter-individual variation. 25(OH)D3 could be considered the ideal oral “sunshine equivalent” for rapid and reliable restoration of an adequate vitamin D status e. g. in clinical situations. Unless biliary and pancreatic secretion or epithelial function in the small intestine is compromised, vitamin D3 in „pharmacological doses” is absorbed by 60 – 100 % as a „blind passenger” together with longchain fatty acids and cholesterol. The question is raised whether very low amounts of the vitamin (as in the diet) are absorbed by a more active (“second order”) mechanism. Experimental evidence obtained from cell culture systems indeed suggests that vitamin D3 can be taken up in part from enterocytes via the same complex, tightly regulated and saturable transport system as is e. g. cholesterol. The ezetimibe drug receptor NPC1L1 may play a role in this process. The Apolipoprotein Epsilon 4 genotype occurs in a north-south gradi-
Isolation and Biological Properties of Drosophila X Virus

Summary Drosophila X virus described here appeared as a contaminant in Drosophila melanogaster. It is pathogenic for the inoculated flies, inducing anoxia sensitivity and death in these insects. An assay based on these symptoms in flies has been developed. Immunofluorescence has been used to study the characteristics of infected Drosophila cell cultures. A permanent infection can be established in these cultures. This virus is morphologically similar to several ungrouped vertebrate and invertebrate viruses like IPNV, IBDV and Tellina tenuis virus. Its possible origin is discussed.
Expression of Aetin and Myosin Genes During PC 12 Cell Differentiation *

We have measured the accumulation of transcripts for myosin and actin during NGF induced differentiation of PC12 cells. Beta (13) and gamma (-,/) actin and myosin light chains (MLC) 2 and 3 show different patterns of expression, with transient elevations in gene expression one day after NGF addition. This elevation occurs earlier than that of neurite outgrowth, neurofilament protein (NF68) (16) and Thy-1 glycoprotein gene expression. These results suggest differing mechanisms of control of actin and myosin expression, together with a varying function and relationship between them during NGF induced neurite differentiation.
Effect of dance movements on stereotype and repetitive behaviours of cases with autism spectrum disorder

The objective of the study was to observe the effects of dance movements on stereotypical and repetitive behaviours of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The sample consisted of 5 patients within the age range of 9 to 16 years. Of the pool of 15 patients, 5 were lying in the range of moderate autism spectrum disorder with a higher score on stereotypical and repetitive behaviours. There were three male and two female patients. The cases were regularly coming to the day care centre of a hospital located in the southern part of India. Participants were assessed by Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ) and BASIC-MR Part-B. Dance movement intervention was planned for these five cases. Pre- and post-test scores were taken to observe the effects of dance movements on their behaviours. Fifteen sessions with a duration of 60 minutes per session were given. The results showed improvement in the repetitive behaviour in the sample, in which of these five, three showed greater improvement. Hence, the result shows that dance movement could be used as an effective method to improve stereotypical and repetitive behaviour in children diagnosed with ASD.
Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance of Salmonella Species Isolated from Chicken Eggs by Standard Bacteriological Method

Salmonella have been found to be the major food borne disease in the world with a serious public health problem. The current study was carried out to detect and to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella isolated from fresh raw chicken eggs collected at Haramaya University Poultry Farm in Eastern Ethiopia. Among the total 384 chicken eggs, Salmonella spp. was detected from 2.9% (11/384) of egg samples using culture technique and was confirmed by biochemical test, nine Salmonella spp. (2.4%) were detected from egg shell and two (0.5%) from egg contents; predominantly occurred in floor house system. The prevalence of Salmonella in eggs on the bases of chicken breed sources was 2.9%, 3.8% and 2% for Bovans, Fayoumi and White leg horn, respectively. The prevalence difference did not show statistical significance (P>0.05) between the rate of detecting Salmonella spp. among the egg shell and egg contents, and similarly, non-significant analytical situation was observed in eggs sampled from different chicken breeds. Among the sample sources, egg samples examined from cage and floor house were found Salmonella positive with the prevalence of 2.3% and 3.3%, respectively. However, there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) in the prevalence of Salmonella among the two house systems. All identified isolates were tested for susceptibility to a six commonly used antimicrobials by disk diffusion technique. Out of the 11 isolates tested 8(72.7%) were resistant to one or more of the tested antimicrobials. The most common resistance observed was to tetracycline (72.7%), ampicillin (72.7%) and amoxicillin (63.6%). However, spectinomycin, kanamycin and chloramphenicol were effective against most of the Salmonella isolates.
"My heart was so painful ": A Narrative Inquiry into the Impact of Immigration Status, Violence, Disability and Poverty on Identity

Violence among immigrant women is a growing concern internationally. A number of studies have used surveys, structured questionnaires and secondary analysis in order to investigate various aspects of vulnerability that place immigrant women at risk for being exposed to violence. However, little attention has been paid to the ways in which contextual influences intersect and overlap, deepening the immigrants' sense of vulnerability. In this paper we pres- ent a single case study, conducted in rural South Africa, of a female immigrant with a disability, living in a context dominated by violence and poverty. A narrative inquiry method was employed in order to provide insight into the impact that context, immigration status and disability have on identity construction. Findings were analysed using both thematic and narrative analysis, according to the positioning of the narrator, characters and events within the story; the temporal and spatial domains within which events were constructed; and the development of a narrative plot. Findings revealed that the context of violence and poverty was central the way in which life experiences were interpreted. The complex combination of horror and trauma which the participant experienced served to threaten her sense of self, resulting in a narrative devoid of sequence and consequence, and ultimately an incoherent sense of self. Narrative inquiry was shown to be a potentially valuable tool for exploring intersecting aspects of lived experi- ence and for providing insight into the ways in which these experiences impact on identity construction. Importantly, the findings highlight the value of listening to unconventional narratives in order to understand the reality of lived experience among immigrant women.