Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
End-of-life discussions, goal attainment, and distress at the end of life: predictors and outcomes of receipt of care consistent with preferences.

PURPOSE Physicians have an ethical obligation to honor patients' values for care, including at the end of life (EOL). We sought to evaluate factors that help patients to receive care consistent with their preferences. METHODS This was a longitudinal multi-institutional cohort study. We measured baseline preferences for life-extending versus symptom-directed care and actual EOL care received in 325 patients with advanced cancer. We also measured associated sociodemographic, health, and communication characteristics, including EOL discussions between patients and physicians. RESULTS Preferences were assessed a median of 125 days before death. Overall, 68% of patients (220 of 325 patients) received EOL care consistent with baseline preferences. The proportion was slightly higher among patients who recognized they were terminally ill (74%, 90 of 121 patients; P = .05). Patients who recognized their terminal illness were more likely to prefer symptom-directed care (83%, 100 of 121 patients; v 66%, 127 of 191 patients; P = .003). However, some patients who were aware they were terminally ill wished to receive life-extending care (17%, 21 of 121 patients). Patients who reported having discussed their wishes for EOL care with a physician (39%, 125 of 322 patients) were more likely to receive care that was consistent with their preferences, both in the full sample (odds ratio [OR] = 2.26; P < .0001) and among patients who were aware they were terminally ill (OR = 3.94; P = .0005). Among patients who received no life-extending measures, physical distress was lower (mean score, 3.1 v 4.1; P = .03) among patients for whom such care was consistent with preferences. CONCLUSION Patients with cancer are more likely to receive EOL care that is consistent with their preferences when they have had the opportunity to discuss their wishes for EOL care with a physician.
Retrobulbar and chiasmal meningioma in a dog.

— A 7-year old male Miniature Poodle developed proptosis and had no pupillary light reflex in the left eye. Ophthalmoscopic examination revealed the presence of synchisis scintillans and protrusion of the optic disc into the vitreous humour. Exenteration was carried out. Behind the eye was a transitional type meningioma which compressed the posterior sclera and invaded the optic disc. One month later the dog became blind in the remaining eye, and the animal was destroyed 2 months after initial surgery. A meningioma, similar to the retrobulbar tumour, was found in the anterior cranial fossa extending from the optic chiasma to the ethmoid region and dorsally into the thalamus. Resume— Un caniche miniature mâle âge de 7 ans developpa un prolapsus et n'eut pas de reflexc pupillaire a la lumiere dans l'oeil gauche. L'examen ophtalmoscopique revela la presence de synchiasis etincelant et protuberance du disque optique dans l'humeur vitreuse. L'evisceration fut entreprise. Derriere l'oeil il y avait un meningiome de type transitoire qui comprimait la sclerotique posterieure et invActa. it le disque optique. Un mois plus tard, le chien devint aveugle dans l'autre oeil et l'animal fut abattu 2 mois apres l'intervention initiate. Un meningiome similaire a la tumeur retrobulbaire fut trouvee dans la fosse cranienne anterieure s'etendant de la chiasma optique a la region ethmoidale et dorsalement dans le thalamus. Zusammenfassung— Ein 7 Jahre alter Miniatur-Pudel entwickelte Proptose und hatte keinen Pupillen-Lichtreflex im linken Auge. Augenspiegeluntersuchung ergab die Anwesenheit von Synchisis scintillans und Protusion der Papille in das Kammerwasser. Operation wurde ausgefuehrt. Hinter dem Auge war ein Uebergangstyp-Meningiom, das die hintere Sklera komprimierte und in die Papille eingedrungen war. Einen Monat spaeter wurde der Hund auch im anderen Auge blind, und das Tier wurde 2 Monate nach der Operation getoetet. Es fand sich ein Mienngiom, aehnlich wie der retrobulbaere Tumor, in der vorderen Schaedelgrube. Es erstreckte sich vom Chiasma opticum zur ethmoidal Region und rueckwaerts in den Thalamus.
Studies on the biology of the life cycle of Cotylurus flabelliformis (Trematoda: Strigeidae).

CAMPBELL, R. A. 1973. Studies on the biology of the life cycle of Cotylurus flabelliformis (Trematoda: Strigeidae). Trans. Amer. Micros. Soc. , 92: 629-640. Study of seasonal population dynamics of developmental stages in intermediate and definitive hosts indicates that Cotylurus flabelliformis is adapted to the migratory habits of its anseriform hosts. All stages exhibit a bimodal seasonal fluctuation. A total of 299 birds of 33 species, known or suspected to harbor natural infections of C. flabelliformis, was examined from May to October 1969 and April to October 1970. Included were 190 wild ducks and geese. Blue-winged teal, lesser scaup, and mallards harbored infections of this species. Blue-winged teal were the most commonly infected. Highest percentages of infection were during spring and early fall (September) corresponding to the migration of blue-winged teal. Other helminth infections increased as the summer progressed and began to decline steadily with approach of fall and the time for southerly migration. Weekly examinations of naturally infected Lymnaea stagnalis and Stagnicola reflexa revealed bimodal seasonal fluctuations of cercarial and metacercarial infections corresponding to the spring and fall migrations of the anseriform hosts. Factors influencing development, activity, and distribution of cercariae and metacercariae were studied by experimentation. The bimodal pattern is influenced by the migration of ducks, water temperature, and longevity of the molluscan hosts.
Evidence of Motivational Influences in Early Visual Perception

The New Look approach to perception (Bruner, 1957) posits that perception is a constructive process based on several topdown factors, such as individuals’ expectations, needs, and desires. Many classical experiments from the New Look era have provided striking illustrations of the effect of motivation on perception. For example, they have revealed that poor children have a bias to overrate coin size (Bruner & Goodman, 1947) and that hungry people have a bias to overrate the brightness of pictures of food (Gilchrist & Nesberg, 1952). This line of research has not gone without criticisms (e.g., Erdelyi, 1974; McCurdy, 1956), but recent experiments have largely confirmed its validity (Aarts, Dijksterhuis, & De Vries, 2001; Balcetis & Dunning, 2006, 2010). Despite the evidence of an effect of motivation on perception, it is still unknown at which point in the perceptual process motivational influences occur. Visual perception is generally regarded as a serial process that starts with a purely perceptual stage (i.e., early vision), in which features are extracted in visual processing areas of the brain. Early vision is followed by a postperceptual, decision stage, in which the perceptual output is categorized. Top-down influences were traditionally thought to bias only the decision stage, and early vision was described as cognitively impenetrable (e.g., Pylyshyn, 1999; Riesenhuber & Poggio, 2000). However, consistent with the idea that higher-level representations can shape the perceptual stage by a tuning process that influences which features are selected for processing (Schyns, Goldstone, & Thibaut, 1998), recent studies have revealed the existence of top-down influences on perceptual processing (e.g., influences of attention—Carrasco, Ling, & Read, 2004—and conceptual category—Lupyan, Thompson-Schill, & Swingley, 2010). Here, we report a study in which we aimed to test whether motivation can also penetrate and guide early visual processing. All previous research on the effect of motivation on perception has employed clearly visible stimuli: In most of these studies, researchers simply observed how ambiguous stimuli were interpreted. In contrast, in this experiment, we monitored conscious access to masked visual stimuli. This enabled us to focus on the early perceptual encoding stage that occurs unconsciously. Inspired by the method used by Gaillard et al. (2006), we presented words close to the threshold of conscious perception. We expected that participants who had fasted (and were therefore motivated by food) would be more likely than satiated participants to perceive masked food-related words.
Social learning in a society of decentralized agents

The paper describes research into social learning leading to the coordinated behavior of decentralized agents. We term such an agent, having both a selfish interest and social competence, a decentralized agent. We obtain equilibrium solutions under both individually rational and socially rational behavior of decentralized agents. We formulate the model of social learning as a mutual adjustment process of decision making in a society of decentralized agents. We discuss how the coordinated and socially optimal behavior can emerge from mutual interactions based on the selfish interest seeking of decentralized agents.
Taking It at “Face Value”: The Use of Face Processing Strategies in Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia

Abstract Objectives: Use of appropriate face processing strategies is important for facial emotion recognition, which is known to be impaired in schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). There is preliminary evidence of abnormalities in the use of face processing strategies in the former, but there has been no explicit attempt to assess face processing in patients with BD. Methods: Twenty-eight BD I, 28 SZ, and 28 healthy control participants completed tasks assessing featural and configural face processing. The facial inversion effect was used as a proxy of second order configural face processing and compared to featural face processing performance (which is known to be relatively less affected by facial inversion). Results: Controls demonstrated the usual second-order inversion pattern. In the BD group, the absence of a second-order configural inversion effect in the presence of a disproportionate bias toward a featural inversion effect was evident. Despite reduced accuracy performance in the SZ group compared to controls, this group unexpectedly showed a normal second-order configural accuracy inversion pattern. This was in the context of a reverse inversion effect for response latency, suggesting a speed-versus-accuracy trade-off. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study to explicitly examine and contrast face processing in BD and SZ. Our findings indicate a generalized impairment on face processing tasks in SZ, and the presence of a second-order configural face processing impairment in BD. It is possible that these face processing impairments represent a catalyst for the facial emotion recognition deficits that are commonly reported in the literature. (JINS, 2016, 22, 652–661)
Prolonged muscle vibration reducing motor output in maximal voluntary contractions in man.

1. We observed in a previous study on the human foot dorsiflexor muscles that the fatigue‐induced decline in motor output during sustained maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) was temporarily counteracted during the initial phase of superimposed high‐frequency (150 Hz) muscle vibration, whereas prolonged muscle vibration seemed to accentuate the fatigue‐induced decline in gross EMG activity and motor unit firing rates. A more extensive investigation of this late effect of muscle vibration on MVCs was performed in the present study. 2. Prolonged periods of superimposed muscle vibration caused a reduction of EMG activity, motor unit firing rates and contraction force in both intermittent and sustained MVCs. This vibration‐induced effect had the following main characteristics: (i) it developed slowly during the course of about 1 min of sustained vibration and subsided within 10‐20 s after the end of vibration; (ii) it was much more pronounced in some subjects than in others (not age‐dependent) and it was accentuated by preceding muscle exercise; (iii) it affected primarily the subject's ability to generate and/or maintain high firing rates in high‐threshold motor units. 3. Since the effect developed while vibration at the same time exerted a tonic excitatory influence on the alpha‐motoneurone pool (as evidenced by the presence of a tonic vibration reflex) it is argued that the vibration‐induced suppression of motor output in MVCs probably does not depend on alpha‐motoneurone inhibition, but on a reduced accessibility of these neurones to the voluntary commands. It is suggested that contributing mechanisms might be vibration‐induced presynaptic inhibition and/or ‘transmitter depletion’ in the group Ia excitatory pathways which constitute the afferent link of the gamma‐loop.
Research in the Large: Challenges for Large-Scale Mobile Application Research- A Case Study about NFC Adoption using Gamification via an App Store

The adoption of NFC technology has taken longer than expected after its inception in 2004. Several projects on ticketing and payment are gaining momentum. However, the actual state of adoption of NFC is still unclear. As an alternative to consultantsâ€™ prediction (which mostly prove wrong), this paper describes a gamification-based approach to motivate users themselves to report on NFC tags they spotted in their environment. As part of a trading card context, users get rewarded with gadgets and points for documenting the existence of NFC technology in their environment. This paper describes the development of this game and the experiences of two release cycles. The paper concludes with lessons learned and provides an outlook on next steps.
Coronary artery calcification, atherogenic lipid changes, and increased erythrocyte volume in black injection drug users infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1 treated with protease inhibitors.

BACKGROUND Protease inhibitors (PIs) may be associated with accelerated atherosclerosis in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We assessed the effects of HIV PIs on subclinical atherosclerosis. METHODS The lipid profiles, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, coronary artery calcification (CAC) scores, and blood cell morphologic changes were quantified in 98 black adult participants, aged 25 to 45 years, with HIV-1 infection in Baltimore, Md. Fifty-five participants (56.1%) were taking PIs; 43 participants (43.9%) were not. The Student t and chi(2) tests were used as a means of detecting the between-group differences. RESULTS Participants in both the PI and non-PI groups were similar in age, sex, body mass index, blood pressure, heart rate, and red and white blood cell counts. Compared with the non-PI group, the PI group had significantly higher serum total cholesterol (4.8 +/- 1.0 vs 3.8 +/- 0.7 mmol/L, P <.001) and LDL cholesterol (2.9 +/- 0.8 vs 2.1 +/- 0.7 mmol/L, P <.001) levels and red blood cell mean corpuscular volume (92.2 +/- 9.3 vs 86.8 +/- 7.2 microm3, P =.048). The CAC scores in the PI group were also higher than those in the non-PI group (11.0 +/- 28.6 [n = 43] vs 1.7 +/- 5.8, P =.043). CAC scores were marginally associated with log-transformed duration of the PI therapy (P =.055). Serum CRP levels remained unchanged (5.5 +/- 13.6 mg/L [n = 45] vs 3.9 +/- 5.5 mg/L, P =.467). Serum total cholesterol level, LDL cholesterol level, red blood cell mean corpuscular volume, and CAC scores were indicated by means of regression analyses to be associated with log-transformed duration of the PI therapy. CONCLUSIONS The use of PIs is associated with coronary artery calcification, atherogenic lipid changes, and increased erythrocyte volume in individuals infected with HIV-1.
Integrative Analysis of High‐throughput Cancer Studies With Contrasted Penalization

In cancer studies with high‐throughput genetic and genomic measurements, integrative analysis provides a way to effectively pool and analyze heterogeneous raw data from multiple independent studies and outperforms “classic” meta‐analysis and single‐dataset analysis. When marker selection is of interest, the genetic basis of multiple datasets can be described using the homogeneity model or the heterogeneity model. In this study, we consider marker selection under the heterogeneity model, which includes the homogeneity model as a special case and can be more flexible. Penalization methods have been developed in the literature for marker selection. This study advances from the published ones by introducing the contrast penalties, which can accommodate the within‐ and across‐dataset structures of covariates/regression coefficients and, by doing so, further improve marker selection performance. Specifically, we develop a penalization method that accommodates the across‐dataset structures by smoothing over regression coefficients. An effective iterative algorithm, which calls an inner coordinate descent iteration, is developed. Simulation shows that the proposed method outperforms the benchmark with more accurate marker identification. The analysis of breast cancer and lung cancer prognosis studies with gene expression measurements shows that the proposed method identifies genes different from those using the benchmark and has better prediction performance.
Ensemble approach for sentiment polarity analysis in user-generated Indonesian text

An ensemble of machine learning approach is presented to detect the sentiment polarity in Indonesian usergenerated text. We use TF-IDF, term presence, and valence score of sentiment lexicon as features in learning process for classifier model generation. The valence score is resulted from a system which considers the negation and booster words as well. Our experiments with ensemble approach for sentiment polarity analysis on Indonesian user generated text slightly better than single classifier approach and outperform the baseline methods, which gives 91.59% accuracy and 91.59% F1-score.
Platonin induces autophagy-associated cell death in human leukemia cells

Platonin is a photosensitizer used for photodynamic therapy. In this study, we tested the effect of platonin on human leukemic cells. Treatment with platonin in the dark markedly reduced cell membrane integrity, and induced significant G0/G1 arrest of a panel of human leukemic cell lines, including U937, HL-60, K562, NB4 and THP-1. Development of hypodiploid cells was not evident in these cell lines within 24 h, but was noted in U937, HL-60 and NB4 cells after 24 h. No myeloid differentiation of these cells was noted after 5-day treatment. Intriguingly, exposure of monoblastic U937 cells to platonin caused changes characteristic of autophagy, including appearance of cytoplasmic membranous vacuoles and formation of acidic vesicular organelles (AVO) in more than 95% of cells. The platonin-induced autophagy was accompanied by localization of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 to autophagosomes. Pretreatment with pancaspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk abrogated the platonin-induced hypodiploidity, but had no effect on growth inhibition and formation of AVO, indicating a caspase-independent autophagy-associated cell death. Pretreatment of cells with 3-methyladenine attenuated platonin-mediated growth inhibition and formation of AVO. Platonin augmented the expression of BNIP3 in both U937 and K562 cells, whereas had an opposite effect on phosphorylation of mTOR downstream molecule p70S6K. Platonin, at the condition inducing autophagy, induced the mitochondrial membrane permeation. These results suggest that the platonin is capable of inhibiting growth as well as inducing cell death, mainly autophagy-associated, in leukemic cells via a mitochondria-mediated and caspase-independent pathway. A markedly less viability inhibition was noted to human monocytes, the normal counterpart of these myeloid leukemic cells. Platonin, other than a photodynamic agent, may offer significant promise as a therapeutic agent against leukemia.
Design of frequency selective windows for improved indoor outdoor communication

The use of low emissivity windows degrades radio communication. This Communication presents design, manufacturing, and test measurements for an energy saving window that is transparent to GSM, GPS, and 3G radio wave frequencies. A frequency selective structure (FSS) is used in the metallic coating of the window to provide the desirable transparency in the frequency range from 900 MHz to 2 GHz. The periodic pattern used for the FSS is of the aperture type and the elements are hexagon loops. The FSS simulations are performed using the mode matching technique as well as the finite-difference time domain method. A frequency selective window was manufactured from a commercially available low emissivity glass. Measurements indicate that the frequency selective window has approximately 10 dB better transmission in the 900 MHz-2 GHz band than the original window.
Multi-aircrafts tracking using spatial-temporal constraints-based intra-frame scale-invariant feature transform feature matching

Although multi-objects tracking has been improved significantly, tracking multiple aircrafts with nearly the same appearance remains a difficult task, especially when a significant pose changes and long-time occlusions occur in the complex environment. In this study, the authors propose a new multi-aircrafts tracker based on a structured support vector machine (SVM) and an intra-frame scale-invariant feature transform feature matching. The structured SVM-based model adapts to the appearance change well, but confuses different aircrafts when occlusions between aircrafts occur. To handle occlusions, an intra-frame matching method is applied to separate different aircrafts by matching points into different clusters. Moreover, to remove the mismatching caused by the cluttered background, the spatial–temporal constraint is applied to help improve the performance of the intra-frame feature matching. As there is no dataset to evaluate a multi-aircrafts tracker, they select eighteen challenging videos and manually annotate the ground truth, forming the first multi-aircrafts tracking dataset. The experiments in the dataset demonstrate that the author's tracker outperforms the state-of-the-art trackers in multi-aircrafts tracking.
Effect of naloxone on ethanol- and pentobarbital-induced narcosis.

Single or repeated subcutaneous administrations of naloxone in doses of up to 4 mg X kg-1 did not alter the time for onset or the duration of ethanol- or pentobarbital-induced narcosis in rats. An increase in the naloxone dosage to 50 mg X kg-1 s.c. resulted in a small reduction of ethanol-induced sleep duration. Repeated i.p. or i.v. administrations of much higher doses of naloxone (300-400 mg X kg-1 and 120-180 mg X kg-1, respectively) did produce significant reductions in ethanol-induced narcosis. However, similar naloxone doses, when administered alone, i.v. , had marked convulsant effect. It appears that naloxone, in low doses, is not an effective antidote for narcosis caused by ethanol or pentobarbital at the ethanol and pentobarbital doses tested, whereas the antagonism of ethanol-induced sleep by high doses of naloxone may be due to the analeptic action of this drug.