Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intimation of intent in elderly fatal self-harm: do the elderly who leave suicide notes differ from those who do not?

BACKGROUND: Suicide notes may provide valuable information about suicide victims' final thoughts, and thus may be considered as markers of the severity of the suicide attempt. However, very few studies have described the characteristics of elderly suicide note-writers and their final thoughts. INTRODUCTION: To explore whether there is a difference between those who do and do not leave a note among the elderly victims of Fatal Self Harm (FSH). Also to examine the content of suicide notes and their clinical significance. METHODS: We carried out a retrospective review of suicide notes obtained from coroners' records of FSH in all over 60 years of age in Cheshire over a period of 13 years (1989-2001). The term 'Fatal Self Harm' was applied to all those who were subjects of coroner's inquests and attracted verdicts of suicide, misadventure and open verdicts. RESULTS: In 71 cases (33%) (43 males, 28 females) (61% M, 39% F) suicide notes were reported in the coroner's records. The variables that appeared to differ significantly between the note-leavers and non-note-leavers were: a suicide verdict, not known to psychiatric services, and method of FSH ( P < 0.05). Gender, marital status, history of DSH, social isolation, mental or physical morbidity did not appear to differ between the two groups. More of those who took an overdose, used plastic bags, electrocuted themselves or used car exhaust fumes left suicide notes. Those who died by hanging, jumping from a height, immolation or wounding appeared equally likely to leave or not to leave a suicide note. Significantly fewer cases who died by drowning left suicide notes ( P < 0.01). No statistically significant difference in the content of suicide notes was observed in relation to gender or age. CONCLUSION: The failure to identify consistent parameters that could differentiate between note-leavers and non-note-leavers only leads to the conclusion that a minority of suicide victims leave suicide notes. Suicide note-writers may not be typical of the average suicide case and information elicited from the study of suicide notes may only apply to note-writers and not to suicide in general. However, the absence of a suicide note must not be considered an indicator of a less serious attempt. (Int J Psych Clin in Pract 2002; 6: 155-161)
The inhibitory NK cell receptor CD94/NKG2A and the activating receptor CD94/NKG2C bind the top of HLA‐E through mostly shared but partly distinct sets of HLA‐E residues

The human non‐classical MHC class I molecule HLA‐E is a ligand for both an inhibitory NK cell receptor (CD94/NKG2A) and an activating receptor (CD94/NKG2C). To identify HLA‐E surface recognized by both receptors, especially to determine if both receptors recognize the same epitope, we made a series of individually Ala‐substituted HLA‐E proteins and analyzed their binding to CD94/NKG2A orCD94/NKG2C. Eight HLA‐E mutations that significantly impaired HLA‐E binding to CD94/NKG2A are all found in the top of α1/α2 domain of HLA‐E. These results suggest that CD94/NKG2A binds a HLA‐E surface equivalent to a NKG2D binding site on MICA. Of the eight mutations that impaired HLA‐E binding to CD94/NKG2A, six significantly impaired HLA‐E binding to CD94/NKG2C suggesting that CD94/NKG2C also binds a similar surface of HLA‐E. Unexpectedly, the two HLA‐E mutations (D69A and H155A) selectively abrogated HLA‐E binding to CD94/NKG2A, not largely affected CD94/NKG2C. These results indicate that a mostly shared, but partly distinct set of HLA‐E residues is discriminated by the two receptors.
Oral Artesunate Dose-Response Relationship in Acute Falciparum Malaria

ABSTRACT The combination of an oral artemisinin derivative (usually artesunate) and mefloquine has become standard treatment for multidrug-resistant falciparum malaria in several parts of Southeast Asia. The doses of artesunate used in monotherapy and combination treatment have largely been derived empirically. In order to characterize the in vivo dose-response relationship for artesunate and thus rationalize dosing, 47 adult patients with acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria and parasitemia ≥1% were randomized to receive a single oral dose of artesunate varying between 0 and 250 mg together with a curative dose of oral mefloquine. Acceleration of parasite clearance was used as the pharmacodynamic variable. An inhibitory sigmoidal maximum effect (Emax) pharmacodynamic model typical of a dose-response curve was fitted to the relationship between dose and shortening of parasite clearance time (PCT). The Emax was estimated as 28.6 oral h, and the 50% effective concentration was 1.6 mg/kg of body weight. These results imply that there is no reduction in PCTs with the use of single doses of artesunate higher than 2 mg/kg, and this therefore reflects the average lower limit of the maximally effective dose.
Combining nearest neighbour classifiers based on small subsamples for big data analytics

Contemporary machine learning systems must be able to deal with ever-growing volumes of data. However, most of the canonical classifiers are not well-suited for big data analytics. This is especially vivid in case of distance-based classifiers, where their classification time is prohibitive. Recently, many methods for adapting nearest neighbour classifier for big data were proposed. We investigate simple, yet efficient technique based on random under-sampling of the dataset. As we deal with stationary data, one may assume that a subset of objects will sufficiently capture the properties of given dataset. We propose to build distance-based classifiers on the basis of very small subsamples and then combine them into an ensemble. With this, one does not need to aggregate datasets, only local decisions of classifiers. On the basis of experimental results we show that such an approach can return comparable results to nearest neighbour classifier over the entire dataset, but with a significantly reduced classification time. We investigate the number of sub-samples (ensemble members), that are required for capturing the properties of each dataset. Finally, we propose to apply our sub-sampling based ensemble in a distributed environment, which allows for a further reduction of the computational complexity of nearest neighbour rule for big data.
Modeling Attention Division When Switching Between Tasks of Different Difficulty and Priority

The division of attention and resources when completing tasks of varying difficulties and priorities is an integral role for intelligent systems. There has been little formal effort in trying to create attention division models when given an unknown combination of subtasks. We approach this problem by creating task sets of independent tasks modules with varying difficulty and priority that require separate sources of visual information to accomplish. Observing human multitasking behavior when completing these task sets lets us understand how resource allocation is affected by the distribution of difficulty and priority of multiple assignments. We used a softmax barrier model that uses priority and uncertainty to model task selection that reflected the observed behavior. Aggregating human visual behavior data gathered in a controlled computer game environment shows that the model approximately replicates human multitasking behavior when incorporated with observed fixation length distributions per module. Interpolating the parameters of this representative model creates predictive attention division behavior for unknown environments containing similar, but unseen task module uncertainty and priority assignments.
Lean into it: Exploring leaning-based motion cueing interfaces for virtual reality movement

We describe here a pilot user study comparing five different locomotion interfaces for virtual reality (VR) locomotion. We compared a standard non-motion cueing interface, Joystick, with four leaning-based seated motion-cueing interfaces: NaviChair, MuvMan, Head-Directed and Swivel Chair. The aim of this mixed methods study was to investigate the usability and user experience of each interface, in order to better understand relevant factors and guide the design of future ground-based VR locomotion interfaces. We asked participants to give talk-aloud feedback and simultaneously recorded their responses while they were performing a search task in VR. Afterwards, participants completed an online questionnaire. Although the Joystick was rated as more comfortable and precise than the other interfaces, the leaning-based interfaces showed a trend to provide more enjoyment and a greater sense of self-motion. There were also potential issues of using velocity-control for rotations in leaning-based interfaces when using HMDs instead of stationary displays. Developers need to focus on improving the controllability and perceived safety of these seated motion cueing interfaces.
ADVERSE EFFECTS AND SIDE EFFECTS ON VITAMIN THERAPY: A REVIEW

Vitamins are essential to our day to day life. Its shortage in our body can cause many disorders, decreased enzyme activities also affects the genetic factors. Vitamins should be supplied through the diet in the required amount. If it is not supplied properly, vitamin tablets will be prescribed. And also vitamin tablets are the co-medication for therapies like anticancer, anti tubercular, anti viral anti HIV treatments. Many news papers reported that vitamin therapies are causing major health problems like nephro/ urolithiasis, it can increases mortality rates in smokers by increasing the risk of lung cancer, it can cause abortion when it is taken during pregnancy. Thus here we reviewed the adverse effects of vitamin therapy from various reported cases, books, instructions provided from various health organizations and also news papers and magazines. It can help health professionals to control and monitor the vitamin therapies and make awareness about the adverse effects and possible side effects of regular vitamin uptake to society.
Emergency Medicine Management of the Geriatric Patient: An Educational Program for Medical Students

This article describes the experience of fourth‐year medical students participating in a geriatric education program integrated into a 4‐week emergency medicine student clerkship. Between July 2002 and April 2003, all students in this required clerkship participated in a geriatric educational program consisting of a small group discussion of medical and psychosocial issues of older adult emergency department (ED) patients. Students used learned skills to evaluate older adult ED patients for medical and psychosocial issues and later followed up with these patients by telephoning them at their homes or visiting them in the hospital. Students tracked their evaluations of the medical problems, functional abilities, and social supports of patients in the ED. Students also noted when their assessments resulted in the acquisition of new skills or knowledge and when their evaluation of geriatric syndromes resulted in a change of the patient care plan. Seventy‐seven students evaluated 217 patients in the ED, of whom 167 (77%) received a follow‐up visit or phone call. Students documented learning new skills while caring for 80 (48%) of the older adult patients. Qualitative survey responses from students indicated that students had increased understanding of the importance of assessing functional status and social supports and providing interdisciplinary care. Integrating geriatric education modules into existing emergency medicine clerkships is an effective method to expand the geriatric curriculum in medical schools and to emphasize the importance of geriatric assessment and syndromes in emergency care.
Re-evaluation of the role of antifibrinolytic therapy with lysine analogs during cardiac surgery in the post aprotinin era

Purpose of review Hemorrhage, transfusions and the need for re-exploration can have a detrimental effect on patient outcome in cardiac surgery. With the suspension of aprotinin from the market, only the antifibrinolytics tranexamic acid and epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) are left as pharmacological options to reduce hemostatic activation and associated bleeding complications. In light of the aprotinin story, the need for large independent safety studies has become evident. The current review will focus on the question of how far the quality of available data allows for judging these agents with regard to safety and efficacy, as well as whether or not new trails are warranted. Recent findings Both, tranexamic acid and EACA are effective in reducing blood loss and transfusion requirements in cardiac surgery. Analysis of data is complicated as the dosing scheme, especially for tranexamic acid, varies extremely and the agents are highly overdosed in most relevant trials. Newer data indicates that in a dose-dependent fashion, tranexamic acid is associated with an increase of adverse events, particularly the observation of seizures. In these studies, however, tranexamic acid has also been highly overdosed. Summary The lysine analogs are unspecific enzyme inhibitors. Therefore, it is conceivable that an overdosing might reveal severe clinical side-effects beyond the inhibition of plasmin. Further studies re-evaluating the drug safety of tranexamic acid and EACA using the recommended and approved doses are necessary.
Estudio de enzimas clave en el metabolismo energético del ciliado parásito del rodaballo Philasterides dicentrarchi: ¿posibles dianas terapéuticas para el desarrollo de fármacos frente a la escuticociliatosis?

La escuticociliatosis del rodaballo en cultivo, producida por el ciliado Philasterides dicentrarchi, es una enfermedad parasitaria emergente que provoca graves mortalidades y perdidas economicas en Galicia y contra la que no se disponen en la actualidad de medidas de control efectivas. La existencia de varias cepas del parasito que expresan diferentes antigenos relacionados con la proteccion limitan enormemente el desarrollo de una vacuna eficaz universal. Para superar estes inconvenientes, en el presnete Proyecto de Tesis Doctora, se propone realizar un estudio de diferentes enzimas implicadas en el metabolismo energetico del parasito que podrian actuar coma dianas terapeuticas, asi como posibles tratamientos a traves de la interaccion de diferentes farmacos con estas enzimas. Para ello, se desenvolveran todas aquellas herramientas necesarias (tecnicas bioquimicas, geneticas, inmunologicas, de susceptilidad a farmacos, etc) que nos permitan caraterizar y estudiar la funcion y la actividad de estas enzimas asi como posibles tratamentos contra la escuticociliatosis a traves del empleo de diferentes compuestos que interactuen con estas.
Update on Liposarcoma: A review for cytopathologists

Liposarcoma (LS) represents the most common type of soft tissue sarcoma. LS is subdivided into four distinct subtypes: well‐differentiated, myxoid/round cell, pleomorphic, and mixed LS. In addition to distinctive morphology, each of the subgroups has a different prognosis and treatment strategy. While subgrouping has traditionally been based on conventional morphology, recent molecular and cytogenetic findings have validated the current classification system. Well‐differentiated LS is characterized by overexpression of MDM2, which blocks the tumor suppressor function of p53. Myxoid/round cell LS is characterized by a specific translocation resulting in a fusion protein which interferes with adipocyte differentiation. Pleomorphic LS, like other high grade sarcomas, is characterized by multiple chromosomal abnormalities. Each of these distinctive molecular signatures can be exploited to aid in the subtyping of LS and in distinguishing true sarcomas of lipogenic derivation from benign mimics. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biophysical models of tumour growth

Tumour growth is a multifactorial process, which has stimulated in recent decades the development of numerous models trying to figure out the mechanisms controlling solid tumours morphogenesis. While the earliest models were focusing on cell proliferation kinetics, modulated by the availability of supplied nutrients, new modelling approaches emphasize the crucial role of several biophysical processes, including local matrix remodelling, active cell migration and traction, and reshaping of host tissue vasculature. After a brief presentation of this experimental background, this review will outline a number of representative models describing, at different scales, the growth of avascular and vascularized tumours. Special attention will be paid to the formulation of tumour–host tissue interactions that selectively drive changes in tumour size and morphology, and which are notably mediated by the mechanical status and elasticity of the tumour microenvironment. Emergence of invasive behaviour through growth instabilities at the tumour–host interface will be presented considering both reaction–diffusion and mechano-cellular models. In the latter part of the review, patient-oriented implications of tumour growth modelling are outlined in the context of brain tumours. Some conceptual views of the adaptive strategies and selective barriers that govern tumour evolution are presented in conclusion as potential guidelines for the development of future models.
Choice Response in Quiet and Loaded Channels with Verbal and Non-verbal Auditory Stimuli

Observations were made on certain verbal and non-verbal signals in quiet, noisy and in simulated RT conditions where it was required to select and to respond to up to twelve sound signals. Verbal signals appeared to be significantly better than non-verbal even where channel noise was higher than signal level. Ambient noise was not detectable as an effect because of the confounding nature of the learning curve.
Anti-ox-LDL antibodies and anti-ox-LDL-B2GPI antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to assess the concentration of anti-oxidized low-density lipoprotein (anti-oxLDL) antibodies and antibodies against oxLDL-beta2GPI (oxLDL-beta 2 glycoprotein I) complexes in the serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Correlations between clinical and laboratory factors and the intima media thickness (IMT) were also investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 16 patients (14 females, 2 males) with an established diagnosis of SLE. The mean disease duration was 6.3 years (range: 2-23 years). Thirteen age-matched healthy volunteers comprised the control group. IMT, the concentration of anti-oxLDL and anti-oxLDL-beta2GPI antibodies and lipid profile were assesed. Data concerning other cardiovascular risk factors were also collected. RESULTS In the SLE group the intima media was significantly thicker than in control group. In the SLE group a statistically significant positive correlation was noted between age and mean IMT. Immunological assays revealed elevated serum concentration of anti-oxLDL antibodies in the SLE group; serum concentration of IgG anti-oxLDL-beta2GPI antibodies and IgM anti-oxLDL-beta2GPI antibodies were also elevated in the SLE group compared to the controls. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between LDL concentration and anti-oxLDL antibody concentration in the SLE group. CONCLUSIONS The study findings support the thesis that cardiovasular risk is significantly higher in SLE patients. Elevated concentrations of anti-oxLDL antibodies, IgG anti-oxLDL-beta2GPI antibodies and IgM anti-oxLDL-beta2GPI antibodies were detected in the SLE group, which may contribute to the elevated cardiovascular risk in SLE patients.
Epistemic Virtues, Metavirtues, and Computational Complexity

I argue that considerations about computational complexity show that all finite agents need characteristics like those that have been called epistemic virtues. The necessity of these virtues follows in part from the nonexistence of shortcuts, or efficient ways of finding shortcuts, to cognitively expensive routines. It follows that agents must possess the capacities – metavirtues –of developing in advance the cognitive virtues they will need when time and memory are at a premium.
Girişimcilik ve yenilikçilik kavramlarının iktisadi düşüncedeki yeri: Joseph A. Schumpeter

Girisimcilik, kuresellesen gunumuz dunyasinda ekonomik gelismede rol oynayan en onemli faktorlerden biridir. Girisimcilik ekonomik buyume ve kalkinmanin motoru, yenilik ve yaraticiligin kaynagidir. Ekonomik acidan girisimciligin bu artan onemi, ekonomik teoride girisimcinin niteliklerinin ve rolunun ne oldugu ile ilgili bazisorularida beraberinde getirmektedir. Ekonomik gelismede girisimcilerin dinamik rolu uzerinde duran ve girisimciyi yenilikleri gerceklestiren kisi olarak tanimlayan Schumpeter, buluslar yoluyla girisimcilerin uretime getirdikleri yenilikleri, liberal kapitalist gelismenin itici gucu olarak kabul etmektedir. Diger bir ifadeyle Schumpeter teknolojik yenilikleri ve girisimcilik faaliyetlerini statik ekonominin uretken kaynaklarini dinamik yeniliklere aktaran gucler olarak ele alir. Girisimciligin yenilikci faaliyetleri olarak ifade edilen bu gelismeler ilk olarak Schumpeter tarafindan ele alinmakla birlikte girisimcilik ve yenilikcilik kavramlarifarkliiktisat okullaritarafindan farkli sekillerde yorumlanmistir.Bu calisma ilk olarak iktisadi dusunce tarihinde girisimciligin ve yenilikciligin teorik temellerini olusturan yorumlari inceledikten sonra Schumpeter’in yenilikci girisimci analizini irdelemektedir
Estimating bioconcentration factors, lethal concentrations and critical body residues of metals in the mollusks Perna viridis and Mytilus edulis using ion characteristics

Quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSARs) for metal bioconcentration factors (BCF) and median acute lethal water concentrations (LC50) were developed for two species of mollusks, Perna viridis and Mytilus edulis. These endpoints were related to four metal ion characteristics, the covalent index (χ2mr) (r represents the ion radius in Å), the softness index (σp), the hydrolysis constant (Koh) and the ionic index (Z2/r). The BCF and LC50 were significantly correlated to χ2mr. The coefficients of determination r2 for the relationships with other metal descriptors were much lower. Critical body residue (CBR) QSARs were derived by multiplying the χ2mr‐based BCF and LC50 regressions. The CBRs were independent of the covalent index χ2mr, as BCF and LC50 scaled to χ2mr with slope that had opposite signs. Comparison of the estimated CBRs with independent empirical values confirmed the predicted trends, but substantial deviations were noted too.