Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantification of the relative contribution of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and non-MHC genes to human immune responses to foreign antigens

Understanding the extent to which genetic factors influence the immune response is important in the development of subunit vaccines. Associations with HLA gene polymorphisms appear insufficient to explain the range of variation in immune responses to vaccines and to infections by major pathogens. In this study of Gambian twins we report that regulation of the immune response to a variety of antigens from Plasmodium falciparum and Mycobacterium tuberculosis is controlled by factors which are encoded by genes that lie both within and outside the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). We define the relative contribution of these genes, which varies for different antigens. The cumulative genetic contribution of non-MHC genes to the total phenotypic variance exceeds that of the MHC-encoded genes.
Microaggregate blood filtration in patients with compromised pulmonary function

To determine the effect of microaggregate blood filtration on patients with compromised pulmonary function, we divided 50 patients having elective coronary bypass surgery into two groups. One group received all blood transfusions via a 170‐micron standard filter (SF). The other group received blood through a 20‐micron microaggregate blood filter (MF). Patients were monitored pre‐ and postoperatively for changes in arterial blood gases and cardiopulmonary function. Mean transfusion volume was seven units (SF) and six units (MF). Preoperatively, patients in both groups showed abnormal lung function with elevated intrapulmonary shunting (Qs/Qt) and alveolar‐arterial gradients (A‐ aO2). Postoperatively, no significant differences (p greater than 0.05) were found between the groups for any of the tests of cardiopulmonary function evaluated. Posttransfusion, none of the patients in either group showed clinical signs of respiratory distress. We conclude that even for patients with some degree of pretransfusion pulmonary dysfunction, use of a microaggregate blood filter for six‐ to seven‐ unit transfusions does not provide significant clinical benefit.
Kapan Profesi Auditor Internal diminati? Pengujian Eksperimen terhadap Label Pekerjaan, Peran Auditor Internal dan Prospek Karir

It is a big challenge for companies to recruit the best talent for the position of internal auditor. This challenge is increasing with the presence of various kinds of negative perceptions (stereotypes) regarding this profession. Using an experimental approach, this study examines the effect of job label, the primary role of internal auditors and career prospect toward the willingness of job applicants to apply the internal auditor position. Two experiments were conducted to answer the research questions with the design of each 1x2 and 2x2 between-subjects. The results of the study indicated that the willingness of job applicants was higher if the job was labeled with an accountant than labeled as internal auditor. These findings indicated that not only candidates with work experience were reluctant to apply for the position of internal auditors, but also from fresh graduates applicants. The applicant's willingness is higher if the primary role of internal audit department is more directed as a provider of consulting services than its conventional role as an assurance function. The applicant's willingness is higher when the accomplished staff will be promoted to a higher position outside the internal audit department than to be one of the leaders within the internal audit department. These findings suggest that organizations should design internal audit departments more precisely to support effective organization governance.
An Attempt to Model the Human Body as a Communication Channel

Using the human body as a transmission medium for electrical signals offers novel data communication in biomedical monitoring systems. In this paper, galvanic coupling is presented as a promising approach for wireless intra-body communication between on-body sensors. The human body is characterized as a transmission medium for electrical current by means of numerical simulations and measurements. Properties of dedicated tissue layers and geometrical body variations are investigated, and different electrodes are compared. The new intra-body communication technology has shown its feasibility in clinical trials. Excellent transmission was achieved between locations on the thorax with a typical signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 20 dB while the attenuation increased along the extremities.
On compositions of natural numbers.

In this expository note, we introduce the reader to compositions of a natural number, e.g., $2+1+2+1+7+1$ is a composition of 14, and $1+2$ and $2+1$ are two different compositions of 3. We discuss some simple restricted forms of compositions, e.g., $23+17+33$ is a composition of 73 into three odd parts. We derive formulas that count the number of so restricted forms of compositions of a natural number $n$, and we conclude with a brief general discussion of the topic.
Simple- and complex-cell response dependences on stimulation parameters.

We studied the response time course and amplitude dependence on stimulation parameters in cat cortical visual neurons to determine their receptive-field spatial-summation characteristics. Response poststimulus time (PST) histograms of cortical simple cells to contrast-reversal grating stimulation generally have a single peak for each stimulus temporal cycle, though the responses appear rectified. In response to contrast-reversal grating stimulation the general PST histogram time course for complex cells is two peaks, though often these peaks are of different amplitudes. The time course of complex-cell responses, and the ratio of these two response peaks often varies with stimulation parameters. The appearance of a single response peak in simple cells is reflected in the dominance of the odd harmonic Fourier portion, whereas the half-wave rectification leads to a considerable even harmonic portion. Still, this even portion is never significantly greater than the odd portion. When complex cell PST histograms have two nearly equal peaks, Fourier transformation reveals almost only even harmonic components. When the histogram contains two peaks of unequal amplitude Fourier analysis reveals large odd and even components. An even:odd Fourier harmonic portion ratio larger than 1 may be seen as a defining characteristic of complex cells, differentiating them from simple cells. Histograms with two unequal peaks appear "mixed," containing something of the "pure" single-peaked response and something of the pure double-peaked response. The degree to which the response is mixed may be measured by the ratio of the even:odd portion amplitudes. There is a great degree of variability with stimulation parameters (both spatial phase and spatial frequency) of the time course of mixed responses as opposed to the case of responses that have two equal peaks independent of stimulation grating phase and frequency. In both simple and complex cells there is a close coincidence of the spatial frequency ranges over which the even and odd portions are substantial, though many complex cells show a periodic variation of the even:odd portions ratio. This spatial-frequency dependence differs from that of LGN Y-cells where the odd portion dominates at low spatial frequencies and the even portion at high spatial frequencies. The ratio of even-to-odd portion cut-off is close to 3:1 in all Y-cells, a characteristic we did not find in cortical simple or complex cells. We suggest, therefore, that the nonlinearity of these complex cells does not derive from that of Y-cells. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Implicit hybrid video emotion tagging by integrating video content and users' multiple physiological responses

The intrinsic interactions among a video's emotion tag, its content, and a user's spontaneous response while consuming the video can be leveraged to improve video emotion tagging, but this capability has not been thoroughly exploited yet. In this paper, we propose an implicit hybrid video emotion tagging approach by integrating video content and users' multiple physiological responses, which are only required during training. Specifically, multiple physiological signals during training construct a better emotion tagging model from video content. We add similarity constraints on the classifier mapping functions during training to capture the relationships among different kinds of features. We modify the traditional support vector machine with these constraints to improve video emotion tagging. Efficient learning algorithms of the proposed model are also developed. Experiments on three benchmark databases demonstrate the effectiveness and superior performance of our proposed method for implicitly integrating multiple physiological responses to improve video emotion tagging.
How can we improve the environmental sustainability of poultry production?

The review presents results of recent life cycle assessment studies aiming to quantify and improve the environmental performance of UK poultry production systems, including broiler meat, egg and turkey meat production. Although poultry production has been found to be relatively environmentally friendly compared with the production of other livestock commodities, it still contributes to environmental impacts, such as global warming, eutrophication and acidification. Amongst different sub-processes, feed production and transport contributes about 70 % to the global warming potential of poultry systems, whereas manure management contributes about 40–60 % to their eutrophication potential and acidification potential, respectively. All these impacts can be reduced by improving the feed efficiency, either by changing the birds through genetic selection or by making the feed more digestible (e.g. by using additives such as enzymes). However, although genetic selection has the potential to reduce the resources needed for broiler production (including feed consumption), the changing need of certain feed ingredients, most notably protein sources as a result of changes in bird requirements may limit the benefits of this strategy. The use of alternative feed ingredients, such as locally grown protein crops and agricultural by-products, as a replacement of South American grown soya, can potentially also lead to improvements in several environmental impact categories, as long as such feeding strategies have no negative effect on bird performance. Other management options, such as improving poultry housing and new strategies for manure management have also the potential to further improve the environmental sustainability of the poultry industries in Europe.
Méthode d’ingénierie d’un système d’apprentissage (MISA)

Le design pedagogique est un processus complexe au niveau des communications humaines; il implique l'apport de divers specialistes non seulement du contenu vise, mais aussi du domaine de la pedagogie, des media et de la gestion. Mais c’est d’abord et avant tout un processus complexe de resolution de problemes tel que defini en science cognitive [Newell et Simon, 1972] , et parfois etudie comme tel en sciences de l’education [Romiszowski 1981, Reigeluth 1987, Tennyson 1988, Merrill et al 1992].
Improving photoconductance of fluorinated donors with fluorinated acceptors

This work investigates the influence of fluorination of both donor and acceptor materials on the generation of free charge carriers in small molecule donor/fullerene acceptor BHJ OPV active layers. A fluorinated and non-fluorinated small molecule analogue were synthesized and their optoelectronic properties characterized. The intrinsic photoconductance of blends of these small molecule donors was investigated using time-resolved microwave conductivity. Blends of the two donor molecules with a traditional non-fluorinated fullerene (PC70BM) as well as a fluorinated fullerene (C60(CF3)2-1) were investigated using 5% and 50% fullerene loading. We demonstrate for the first time that photoconductance in a 50:50 donor:acceptor BHJ blend using a fluorinated fullerene can actually be improved relative to a traditional non-fluorinated fullerene by fluorinating the donor molecule as well.
COMPOSITIONS AND ORIGINS OF OUTER PLANET SYSTEMS: INSIGHTS FROM THE ROCHE CRITICAL DENSITY

We consider the Roche critical density (ρRoche), the minimum density of an orbiting object that, at a given distance from its planet, is able to hold itself together by self-gravity. It is directly related to the more familiar “Roche limit,” the distance from a planet at which a strengthless orbiting object of given density is pulled apart by tides. The presence of a substantial ring requires that transient clumps have an internal density less than ρRoche. Conversely, in the presence of abundant material for accretion, an orbiting object with density greater than ρRoche will grow. Comparing the ρRoche values at which the Saturn and Uranus systems transition rapidly from disruption-dominated (rings) to accretion-dominated (moons), we infer that the material composing Uranus' rings is likely more rocky, as well as less porous, than that composing Saturn's rings. From the high values of ρRoche at the innermost ring moons of Jupiter and Neptune, we infer that those moons may be composed of denser material than expected, or more likely that they are interlopers that formed farther from their planets and have since migrated inward, now being held together by internal material strength. Finally, the “Portia group” of eight closely packed Uranian moons has an overall surface density similar to that of Saturn's A ring. Thus, it can be seen as an accretion-dominated ring system, of similar character to the standard ring systems except that its material has a characteristic density greater than the local ρRoche.
On the enhancement of electron mobility in ultra-thin (111)-oriented In0.53Ga0.47As channels

Electron mobility is investigated in sub-20 nm-thick InGaAs channels using self-consistent numerical simulations. Effects of body thickness downscaling [down to 2 nm] and surface orientation [(100) and (111)] are examined by including all electron valleys and all relevant scattering mechanisms. We report that ultra-thin (111) InGaAs channels offer greater electron mobility than (100) devices down to 2 nm. Furthermore, ultra-thin (100) InGaAs devices outperform SOI for body thicknesses above 3.2 nm, while (111) InGaAs channels are superior to SOI irrespective of the body thickness.
Evaluation of external audit services: An empirical approach on health care organizations

The International Auditing Standards mainly concern the quality of audit work and their objective is to help the external auditor provide reasonable assurance for the financial statements with the most effective way. The aim of this paper is to evaluate external audit services based on the International Standards on Auditing. Specifically, there is an empirical approach in the health sector aimed at the investigation of the quality of the audit work, the general principles and responsibilities, the risk assessment, the audit evidence and using the work of others. To facilitate the progress of this research, a questionnaire was created and distributed to the employees of the Economic Departments of the largest health care organizations in Northern Greece. The results depict that “risk assessment”, “audit evidence” and “using the work of others” are factors that affect positively audit quality.
A Comparison of Cytokine Profiles of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Background: Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, also known as Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME), is a debilitating condition that presents with a range of symptoms, including fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, muscular and joint pain, and may be immune-mediated. In particular, patients exhibit abnormal cytokine expression. Similarly, in Multiple Sclerosis (MS), patients display neuroimmunological symptoms, and abnormal cytokine expression, with some overlap in symptomology with CFS/ME. The purpose of this study was to compare Th1, Th2, Th17 cytokines, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, in healthy controls, CFS/ME and MS patients. Methods: Serum samples were collected from healthy controls (n = 16, mean age = 50 ± 11.85 years), CFS/ME patients (n = 16, mean age = 49.88 ± 9.54 years) and MS patients (n = 11, mean age = 52.75 ± 12.81 years). The concentrations of 27 cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12, IL-2, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-5, IL-17, IL-1ra, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, eotaxin, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP1α, MIP1β, PDGF-bb, RANTES, basic FGF, GCSF, GMCSF, VEGF and IL-15) were measured using a Bio-Plex Pro™ kit. Results: IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-5 were significantly higher in the serum of both CFS/ME and MS patients compared to the healthy controls (p ≤ 0.041). However, only the MS patients had significantly elevated levels of IL-12, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-13, IL-6, IL-17, IL-1ra, IL-7, IL-9, eotaxin, IL-10, MIP1α, basic FGF, GCSF and VEGF compared to the CFS/ME patients and controls (p ≤ 0.04). There were no significant differences between groups for IL-8, MCP-1, MIP1β, RANTES, GMCSF, TNF-α, and IL-2. Conclusion: CFS/ME and MS patients both displayed abnormal cytokine levels, with dual expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines. Further research into cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-5, with the use of a specific CFS/ME case definition and sensitive cytokine assays, is required to improve the understanding of the pathophysiology of CFS/ME.
Decision-making under Risk: Evidence from the Hindi Movie Industry

Despite being the largest producer of movies in the world, Bollywood—the Hindi movie industry—is underresearched. In this article, we first identify the factors that make this industry unique in such a way that research conducted in the context of any other film industry may not be applicable in Bollywood. Using a mix of primary and secondary data, we provide insights into the relationship between various input and output variables. We also identify the major determinants of the satellite right price of a movie and statistically show why the current determinants are far from optimal. We also propose better factors for determining the satellite right price.
Fentanyl–Diazepam Anesthesia with or without N2O Does Not Attenuate Cardiopulmonary Baroreflex‐Mediated Vasoconstrictor Responses to Controlled Hypovolemia in Humans

Cardiopulmonary baroreceptors located primarily on the low-pressure side of the circulation sense slight reductions in cardiac filling pressures and elicit sustained peripheral vasoconstriction. Because most inhalation and many intravenous anesthetics attenuate arterial baroreflex function, the low-pressure baroreflex may serve a major role in maintaining blood pressure during intraoperative hypovolemia. To activate the low-pressure baroreflex, progressive nonhypotensive reductions in central venous pressure were produced with graded applications of lower body negative pressure (LBNP, (−5, (−10, (−15 mm Hg) in 18 ASA class 1 patients before elective surgery. Thisproduced linear reductions in stroke volume as determined by impedance cardiography and cardiac output. Cardiopulmonary baroreflex-mediated increases in total and forearm vascular resistance assisted in maintaining stable blood pressure. After ten patients were anesthetized with fentanyl(12.5 pg/kg) and diazepam (0.25 mg/kg) and an additional eight received these agents plus supplemental N, O (70%), reflex vasoconstrictor responses to LBNP were not attenuated and, therefore, blood pressure continued to be well maintained despite substantial reductions in cardiac filling pressures. Thus, these anesthetic regimens presetved vasoconstrictor responses mediated by cardiopulmonary baroreflexes. This promoted cardiovascular stability that may be particularly beneficial in patients with cerebral, cardiovascular, or renal disease undergoing surgical procedures with potential for rapid blood loss.
A framework for supporting knowledge work processes

Improving knowledge work processes has become increasingly important for modern enterprises to maintain a competitive status in nowadays information society. This paper will propose a way to improve knowledge work processes through supportive services. A framework for supporting knowledge work processes will be presented where the best practices of knowledge work processes, developed by process organizers or derived from some successful applications, are described and stored in a database, and according to the description, software agents dynamically organize supportive services to guide process participants to advance process steps towards the efficient completion of a process. The paper will provide an overview of the method and explore the development of the main components in the framework.
Anaerobic degradation of toluene by a denitrifying bacterium

A denitrifying bacterium, designated strain T1, that grew with toluene as the sole source of carbon under anaerobic conditions was isolated. The type of agar used in solid media and the toxicity of toluene were determinative factors in the successful isolation of strain T1. Greater than 50% of the toluene carbon was oxidized to CO2, and 29% was assimilated into biomass. The oxidation of toluene to CO2 was stoichiometrically coupled to nitrate reduction and denitrification. Strain T1 was tolerant of and grew on 3 mM toluene after a lag phase. The rate of toluene degradation was 1.8 mumol min-1 liter-1 (56 nmol min-1 mg of protein-1) in a cell suspension. Strain T1 was distinct from other bacteria that oxidize toluene anaerobically, but it may utilize a similar biochemical pathway of oxidation. In addition, o-xylene was transformed to a metabolite in the presence of toluene but did not serve as the sole source of carbon for growth of strain T1. This transformation was dependent on the degradation of toluene.
Using enhanced ad features to increase competition in online advertising

In online advertising systems, advertisers compete with each other ad space. There may be multiple advertising is determined by the auction of the available ad position. To encourage competition, to provide enhanced features to some advertising. These features enhance the advertiser to generate an incentive to compete, thereby increasing the efficiency advertisement system, the effectiveness and / or profitability (410). By using at least price information, performance information and advertising information in one or more applications may be determined (420) of the enhanced features.
Prevalence and incidence of shoulder pain in the general population; a systematic review

Objective: To investigate the incidence and prevalence of shoulder complaints in the general population. Method: A systematic review of the literature was conducted. Medline, Embase, and Cinahl were searched for relevant studies. Results: Eighteen studies on prevalence and one study on incidence met the inclusion criteria. Incidence figures of 0.9–2.5% were found for different age groups. Prevalence figures differed from 6.9 to 26% for point prevalence, 18.6–31% for 1‐month prevalence, 4.7–46.7% for 1‐year prevalence and 6.7–66.7% for lifetime prevalence. Prevalence rates decreased when the case definition was restricted, in terms of duration of pain or the presence of limited movements, and increased when the location for pain was enlarged. Conclusion: The reported prevalence figures on shoulder complaints diverged strongly. Health professionals and policymakers who estimate the amount of medical care needed and related costs should be aware of the variations in prevalence rate and the underlying reasons for these differences.