Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cloning and sequencing of a highly productive , endotheliotropic virus strain derived from human cytomegalovirus TB 40 / E

Correspondence Christian Sinzger christian.sinzger@ med.uni-tuebingen.de Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Tübingen, Germany Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinikum Ingolstadt, Germany Abteilung für Virologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Germany Institut für Virologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany Max von Pettenkofer-Institut für Virologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany Fachgebiet Virale Infektionen, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin, Germany
Pakistan's Poverty Reduction Strategy: Why Employment Matters

The Pakistan's Poverty Reduction Strategy and the Draft Medium Term Development Framework recognize that the most effective means of reducing poverty is through the creation of productive and remunerative employment. This paper examines how these objectives can be made operational by examining the characteristics of the labour market in Pakistan. The first part analysis in a historical context the growth-employment -poverty nexus to show how employment and labor market developments have played a vital if not a decisive role in influencing poverty levels in Pakistan. The second part of the paper reviews the current efforts being undertaken to reduce unemployment and improve the deteriorating labor market situation so as to favourably impact on the high levels of poverty and identifies areas where policies and resources-could be more sharply focussed and areas where new initiatives could be launched.
The Eastern Boundary of the Subtropical North Atlantic

A quasi-meridional hydrographic section carried out between 60° and 20°N offshore from the European and African continental slopes is analyzed in terms of water masses and zonal transports in and out of the eastern boundary. Outstanding features of the meridional distribution of water masses are focused on, such as the transition between North Atlantic and South Atlantic Central Waters at 20°–25°N, the properties and anticyclonic circulation of the Rockall Channel mode water, and the northern boundary of the large-scale Mediterranean Water plume at about 50°N. An eastward transport of about 11×10 6 m 3 s −1 is found to enter the eastern boundary layer at densities lower than 27.25 and feed southward alongshore currents. The relation of the incoming transport to the water mass distribution and its eventual splitting into several outflowing components are discussed. Apart from the downward entrainment of upper water known to occur in the Gulf of Cadiz, there is no sign of the so-called “eastern boundary ventilation” mechanism in the central water density range. Yet a significant transport is found to escape the winter mixed layer toward the interior of the subtropical gyre, suggesting the horizontal southward currents across the sloping bottom of the mixed layer to be the main cause of ventilation at the eastern boundary.
Identification of a PAI‐1‐binding site within an intrinsically disordered region of vitronectin

The serine protease inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor Type‐1 (PAI‐1) is a metastable protein that undergoes an unusual transition to an inactive conformation with a short half‐life of only 1–2 hr. Circulating PAI‐1 is bound to a cofactor vitronectin, which stabilizes PAI‐1 by slowing this latency conversion. A well‐characterized PAI‐1‐binding site on vitronectin is located within the somatomedin B (SMB) domain, corresponding to the first 44 residues of the protein. Another PAI‐1 recognition site has been identified with an engineered form of vitronectin lacking the SMB domain, yet retaining PAI‐1 binding capacity (Schar, Blouse, Minor, Peterson. J Biol Chem. 2008;283:28487–28496). This additional binding site is hypothesized to lie within an intrinsically disordered domain (IDD) of vitronectin. To localize the putative binding site, we constructed a truncated form of vitronectin containing 71 amino acids from the N‐terminus, including the SMB domain and an additional 24 amino acids from the IDD region. This portion of the IDD is rich in acidic amino acids, which are hypothesized to be complementary to several basic residues identified within an extensive vitronectin‐binding site mapped on PAI‐1 (Schar, Jensen, Christensen, Blouse, Andreasen, Peterson. J Biol Chem. 2008;283:10297–10309). Steady‐state and stopped‐flow fluorescence measurements demonstrate that the truncated form of vitronectin exhibits the same rapid biphasic association as full‐length vitronectin and that the IDD hosts the elusive second PAI‐1 binding site that lies external to the SMB domain of vitronectin.
Insomnia Symptoms among African-American Older Adults in Economically Disadvantaged Areas of South Los Angeles

Background. Although psychosocial and health factors impact insomnia symptoms, less is known about these effects in economically disadvantaged African-American older adults. Aims. This study investigated social and health determinants of insomnia symptoms among economically disadvantaged African-American older adults. Methods. This survey enrolled 398 African-American older adults (age ≥ 65 years) from economically disadvantaged areas of South Los Angeles. Gender, age, educational attainment, financial difficulty, number of chronic diseases, self-rated health, pain intensity, and depression were covariates. Total insomnia, insomnia symptoms, and insomnia impact were our outcomes. Linear regression was applied for data analysis. Results. Based on linear regression, higher financial difficulty (B = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.35–0.61), smoking status (B = 1.64, 95% CI = 0.13–3.16), higher pain intensity (B = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.11–0.67), higher number of chronic diseases (B = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.05–0.64), and more depressive symptoms (B = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.12–0.57) were associated with a higher frequency of insomnia symptoms. Based on a logistic regression model, lower age (B = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.91–1.00) and high financial difficulty (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.08–1.24), pain (OR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.14–3.80), chronic disease (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.07–1.51) and depression (OR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.22–4.65) were associated with higher odds of possible clinical insomnia. We also found specific predictors for insomnia symptoms and insomnia impact. Conclusions. Among African-American older adults in economically disadvantaged areas of South Los Angeles, insomnia symptoms co-occur with other economic, physical, and mental health challenges such as financial difficulty, smoking, multimorbidity, pain, and depression. There is a need to address sleep as a component of care of economically disadvantaged African-American older adults who have multiple social and health challenges.
Co-Occurrence of Multiple Endocrine Abnormalities Induced by the DIHS/DRESS

Background Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DIHS/DRESS) is a severe adverse reaction caused by specific drugs. However, little information is available about sequelae following DIHS/DRESS resolution from an endocrinologist's perspective. This study aimed to investigate the endocrine sequelae following DIHS/DRESS, from clinical feature to etiology. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the patients diagnosed with DIHS/DRESS in Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) during the period of 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2017, and those who developed endocrine disorders after DIHS/DRESS were further examined. We also reviewed the literature, from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2017, on involvement of endocrine glands in DIHS/DRESS patients. Results Three patients developed both autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and type 1 diabetes (T1DM)/fulminant type 1 diabetes (FT1DM) of the 45 patients. Seven cases involving more than two endocrine glands were reported in the literature. Our results indicated that DIHS/DRESS is a potential etiological factor of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome (APS), especially APS III. Conclusions Patients require careful long-term follow-up after DIHS/DRESS. Involvement of endocrine glands, especially FT1DM, should always be monitored in patients with a history of DIHS/DRESS. This study indicated that DIHS/DRESS could lead to APS, especially APS III, providing novel insights into the etiological factors of APS.
E ﬃ cient Similarity Measures for Texts Matching

Calculation of similarity measures of exact matching texts is a critical task in the area of pattern matching that needs a great attention. There are many existing similarity measures in literature but the best meth-ods do not exist for closeness measurement of two strings. The objective of this paper is to explore the grammatical properties and features of generalized n-gram matching technique of similarity measures to ﬁnd exact text in electronic computer applications. Three new similarity measures have been proposed to improve the performance of generalized n-gram method. The new methods assigned high values of similarity measures and performance to price with low values of running time. The experiment with the new meth-ods demonstrated that they are universal and very useful in words that could be derived from the word list as a group and retrieve relevant medical terms from database . One of the methods achieved best correlation of values for the evaluation of subjective examination.
Comparison between organic and conventional crop farming in regards to greenhouse gas emission, biodiversity, yield and nitrogen leaching

Advantages and disadvantages with organic production have been studied in the scientific community and is greatly debated. Demands for organic products have risen the past years in Sweden and the objective in one of the governments environmental goal is to reach a 20 % organic production. But is organic production increasing sustainability in the agriculture sector? This study aims to compare organic and conventional crop farming with the parameters of greenhouse gas, biodiversity, yield and nitrogen leaching. As well there is an aim to analyze on a national level in Sweden and on a regional level in Scania if a conversion to organic farming of crops would increase sustainability in the agriculture sector. The study is based on both a qualitative literature review and a quantitative statistical element. The literature survey analyzed comparative studies of organic and conventional crop farming and as well what effects crop farming have regionally in Scania and nationally in Sweden. The results showed that conventional crop farming produced a higher yield, had lower greenhouse gas emissions and nitrogen leaching per unit product, whilst organic crop farming had a higher amount of biodiversity. In total conventional crop farming is superior to organic crop farming but with an integrated system more environmental benefits could be sustained.
Cyclical Job Upgrading, Wage Inequality, and Unemployment Dynamics

This paper studies the implications of a monetary policy shock on the skill premium and the unemployment persistence. A VAR demonstrates that a contractionary policy induces a lagged decline in the skill premium and a larger and more persistent increase in the unemployment ratio of the unskilled relative to that of the skilled. A new Keynesian framework characterized by labor search frictions is developed. The labor force is divided into high and low educated. Firms post two types of vacancies: the complex that can be matched with the high educated, and the simple that can be matched with both the high and the low educated. A positive shock to the nominal interest rate induces the high educated unemployed to compete with the low educated, as they increase their search intensity for simple vacancies. As the high educated occupy simple vacancies, they crowd out the low educated into unemployment. This downgrading of jobs, and the subsequent crowding out of the low educated into unemployment, provide a possible explanation to unemployment persistence and the response of the skill premium.
Recent developments in monetary policy

In the fifteen years leading up to the financial crisis in 2008, there emerged a great deal of agreement on the optimal design of monetary policy. This policy ‘consensus’ was accompanied also by a widely-shared view of how macroeconomies worked as the ‘Keynesian’ versus ‘monetarist’ debates slipped into the past. This paper charts the emergence of this consensus and then looks at the way in which the apparently settled ideas of monetary policy have been disrupted by recent events. In particular, it looks at the way in which the crisis has forced a revision of both the targets and instruments of monetary policy.
Narrative impairment, white matter damage and CSF biomarkers in the Alzheimer’s disease spectrum

Background: Narrative discourse (ND) refers to one’s ability to verbally reproduce a sequence of temporally and logically-linked events. Impairments in ND may occur in subjects with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), but correlates across this function, neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers remain understudied. Objectives: We sought to measure correlates among ND, Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) indexes and AD CSF biomarkers in patients within the AD spectrum. Results: Groups differed in narrative production (NProd) and comprehension. aMCI and AD presented poorer inference abilities than controls. AD subjects were more impaired than controls and aMCI regarding WB (p<0.01). ROIs DTI assessment distinguished the three groups. Mean Diffusivity (MD) in the uncinate, bilateral parahippocampal cingulate and left inferior occipitofrontal fasciculi negatively correlated with NProd. Changes in specific tracts correlated with T-tau/Aβ1-42 ratio in CSF. Conclusions: AD and aMCI patients presented more ND impairments than controls. Those findings were associated with changes in ventral language-associated and in the inferior parahippocampal pathways. The latest were correlated with biomarkers’ levels in the CSF. Methods: AD (N=14), aMCI (N=31) and Control (N=39) groups were compared for whole brain (WB) and regions of interest (ROI) DTI parameters, ND and AD CSF biomarkers.
Seasonal respiration of foliage, fine roots, and woody tissues in relation to growth, tissue N, and photosynthesis

Autotrophic respiration may regulate how ecosystem productivity responds to changes in temperature, atmospheric [CO2] and N deposition. Estimates of autotrophic respiration are difficult for forest ecosystems, because of the large amount of biomass, different metabolic rates among tissues, and seasonal variation in respiration rates. We examined spatial and seasonal patterns in autotrophic respiration in a Pinus strobus ecosystem, and hypothesized that seasonal patterns in respiration rates at a common temperature would vary with [N] for fully expanded foliage and fine roots, with photosynthesis for foliage, and with growth for woody tissues (stems, branches, and coarse roots). We also hypothesized that differences in [N] would largely explain differences in maintenance or dormant‐season respiration among tissues.
Decorated tensor network renormalization for lattice gauge theories and spin foam models

Tensor network techniques have proved to be powerful tools that can be employed to explore the large scale dynamics of lattice systems. Nonetheless, the redundancy of degrees of freedom in lattice gauge theories (and related models) poses a challenge for standard tensor network algorithms. We accommodate for such systems by introducing an additional structure decorating the tensor network. This allows to explicitly preserve the gauge symmetry of the system under coarse graining and straightforwardly interpret the fixed point tensors. We propose and test (for models with finite Abelian groups) a coarse graining algorithm for lattice gauge theories based on decorated tensor networks. We also point out that decorated tensor networks are applicable to other models as well, where they provide the advantage to give immediate access to certain expectation values and correlation functions.
The Effect of Valproic Acid on Olanzapine Serum Concentration: A Study Including 2791 Patients Treated With Olanzapine Tablets or Long-Acting Injections.

BACKGROUND The combination of olanzapine and valproic acid (VPA) is regularly prescribed in the treatment of bipolar or schizoaffective disorders. The VPA has been shown to reduce olanzapine concentration, but the mechanism behind this interaction remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the effect of VPA on olanzapine concentration during oral versus long-acting injectable (LAI) formulation in a real-life setting. METHODS From a therapeutic drug monitoring service, prescribed doses and serum concentrations from 2791 olanzapine-treated patients (9433 measurements) were included. RESULTS The number of patients on olanzapine-LAI treatment was 328, whereas 2463 were using oral olanzapine. The frequency of patients comedicated with VPA was 9.4% for olanzapine tablets and 5.8% for olanzapine-LAI. The VPA had no effect on olanzapine dose-adjusted concentrations in LAI users (1.6 vs 1.7 [ng/mL]/[mg/d]; P = 0.38), whereas in the oral group the dose-adjusted olanzapine concentration was lower in VPA users (2.2 vs 2.7 [ng/mL]/[mg/d]; P < 0.001). For smokers in the oral olanzapine group using VPA, 8.7% of the measurements were in the subtherapeutic range (<10 ng/mL) compared with 6.0% in nonusers (P = 0.003). IMPLICATIONS These findings show that the VPA-olanzapine interaction involves a presystemic mechanism and is therefore restricted to oral olanzapine treatment. For oral treatment of olanzapine, comedication with VPA implies a risk of insufficient effect, which may be of clinical relevance in smokers in particular. Thus, it is important to be aware of the interaction potential with VPA during oral olanzapine use, whereas for LAI-treated patients fewer precautions are required from a pharmacokinetic point of view.
Use of a small-scale primary screening method to predict effects of flumioxazin and carfentrazone-ethyl on native and invasive, submersed plants

When evaluating potential use patterns of new aquatic herbicides, it is important to determine effects on target as well as nontarget vegetation. Small-scale primary screens that provide data on the relative sensitivity of a species to a given herbicide or herbicide use rate can be used to enhance the design of more-costly and time-consuming, large-scale, growth-chamber and mesocosm studies. Flumioxazin (2-[7-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-3-oxo-4-(2-propynyl)-2H1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-isoindole1,3(2H)-dione) and carfentrazone-ethyl (ethyl a,2-dichloro5-[4-(difluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-1,2,4triazol-1-yl]-4-fluorobenzenepropanoate) are protoporphyrinogen oxidase (protox)–inhibiting herbicides recently registered by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) for use in aquatic sites. These protox inhibitors disrupt chlorophyll synthesis and result in formation of oxygen radicals that damage cell membranes, causing them to leak cell contents. This leakage of electrolytes was measured and used to determine herbicide injury following exposure to protox inhibitors. Electrolyte leakage was measured at 5 d posttreatment for 15 submersed aquatic plant species exposed to flumioxazin at 0, 200, and 400 l ga i L � 1 (0, 0.0000265, and 0.000053 ppb) and to carfentrazoneethyl at 0 and 200 l ga i L � 1 in small-scale laboratory assays. In these assays, flumioxazin significantly increased electrolyte leakage for coontail (Ceratophyllum demersum L.) and curlyleaf pondweed (Potamogeton crispus L.). Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.), fanwort (Cabomba caroliniana Gray), hydrilla [Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) Royle], longbeak buttercup (Ranunculus longirostris Godr.), springtape (Sagittaria kurziana Gluck), variable watermilfoil (Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michx.), and waterstargrass [Heteranthera dubia (Jacq.) MacM. ]. Species that were not significantly affected by flumioxazin included American pondweed (Potamogeton nodosus Poir.), common elodea (Elodea canadensis Michx.), Illinois pondweed (Potamogeton illinoensis Morong), sago pondweed [Stuckenia pectinatus (L.) Boerner], southern naiad [Najas guadalupensis (Spreng.) Magnus], and American eelgrass (Vallisneria americana Michx.). Of the species tested, carfentrazone-ethyl only increased electrolyte leakage of coontail, Eurasian watermilfoil, and variable watermilfoil.
Age-dependent fecundity of Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) with sublethal doses of gammacyhalothrin

Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) was exposed to gammacyhalothrin to study the stimulatory effect of low concentrations of this pyrethroid. The doses studied were 23.4375, 11.7188, 5.8594, 2.9297, 1.4648, 0.7324 mg.litre-1 and water, as control. The third, fourth, and fifth instars of P. nigrispinus were shorter with all the doses of this insecticide. The survival and longevity of this predator was highest with the lowest doses. The oviposition period of P. nigrispinus decreased as the doses increased. The lowest pre-and postoviposition periods were found with 11.7188 mg.litre-1 of gammacyhalothrin. The dose 0.7324 mg.litre-1 increased the clutch interval. The egg viability was similar between the treatments. The number of eggs per clutch, clutches per female, incubation period, and female body weight were not affected. The hormesis response could be used as a tool for IPM programs, allowing the manipulating parameters of this predator in synergism with this insecticide.
As ONGs de mulheres negras no Brasil Sônia

This article aims to analyze black women’s non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Brasil. First, I identify which are the objects of the collective struggle of black women in Brasil, and how they relate to the process of emancipation of black women from the black and feminist movements, culminating in the subsequent formation of the black feminism (and of the black women movement). The second part discusses the political and organizational aspects, and the political action of this group of NGOs in the Brasilian society. In particular, it look at what I called as gendered racial perspective of black women’s NGOs; this perspective refl ects a singular condition of oppression – i.e., the intersection of race, gender (and class, sexuality) – that this group have experienced. It concludes addressing the African diasporic dimension of these Afro-Brazilian women’s gendered racial perspective. Key-words: Brazilian black women non-governmental organizations; NGOs; black feminism; race, gender. Las ONG de mujeres negras en Brasil