Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An acoustic and perceptual investigation of vowel length in Japanese and Pohnpeian

This dissertation is about long vowels in Tokyo Japanese and Pohnpeian, a Micronesian language. Vowel length is contrastive in these two languages, and it is phonologically represented by mora counts. Long vowels carry two moras and short vowels one. The results from three production and three perception experiments show that the production and perception of vowel length is not identical between Japanese and Pohnpeian. The proportion of the duration of long to short vowels is much greater in Japanese. Furthermore, not only duration but also pitch fall is crucial for Japanese speakers in marking vowel length, and Pohnpeian speakers' use of durational cues differs from that of Japanese speakers. The phonetic implementations of long vowels seem to play an important role in the listeners' categorization of vowel length. The duration of vowels and the amount of pitch fall were measured. The ratio of the mean duration of long vowels to short vowels was not 2: 1 in either language. In Japanese accented vowels, it was 1.65:1 in fast speech and 1.77:1 in slow speech, and in Japanese unaccented vowels, it was 1.93:1 in fast speech and 2.42:1 in slow speech. In Pohnpeian, it was 1.30:1 in fast speech and 1.47:1 in slow speech. The duration of vowels was vulnerable to speech rates in both languages, but pitch fall in Japanese accented vowels was not. The durational distinction between long and short vowels was increased in Japanese unaccented vowels compared to accented vowels, and it was even greater as the speech rate decreased. These results indicate that
Poetry Generation with PoeTryMe

PoeTryMe is a platform for the automatic generation of poetry, with a versatile architecture that provides a high level of customisation. The user can define features that go from the poem configuration and the line templates, to the initial seed words that will define a generation domain, and also the generation strategy. In this chapter, we introduce PoeTryMe’s architecture and describe how we used it to generate poetry in Portuguese, using natural language processing resources for this language as well as patterns that denote semantic relations in human-created poetry. After presenting the resources used with PoeTryMe, the problem of poetry generation is tackled incrementally, as our decisions are explained and illustrated, step-by-step. In the end, the objective features of the poems generated by the implemented strategies are compared, while the best-scoring poems are shown.
The Study on Mosaic-based CCTV System using Localization and Harris Coner Point

Abstract   CCTV         "# ! $%& . ' $% * ()  +, -. 1 /0   2  34 7 56 ! 8 9 : ;   ? & . +, "# SI FT )* ( B @A ?  0B C)/ D+ E F GH' IJK "! > L  M7N  CCTV 0 C)/ Q OP /01 & 9R . S T1 >L ! 8U 1 /0 N VW 567   XU YZ )* ( >: [G ;N \Q K ? N] $ ^ _ K` -a bB & >R . N  >: cd CCTV  N e 7 ffg Sh ij Inline System N lg k m67 n1  2 o $7 pU1 q r ?  st v0 u l wx u y r ? : z-   >R& { .Key words : SI EF, FFT, Harris Coner Point 1.          ! "# %& $ . ) '(  -#%,*+ ./0 21 30 4 5 6 5 78 9:; ? A& - BC# D& . ) E   $% G# F! HI & " A K J, , LM N+ 6O ; PQ J# R U ST VW  XY :Z 7[) \ - ]! " J& .
Ant Based Algorithm and Robustness Metric in Spare Capacity Allocation for Survivable Routing

Network resiliency pertains to the vulnerability of telecommunication networks in the case of failures and malicious attacks. With the increasing capacity catering of network for the booming multi-services in Next Generation Networks (NGNs), reducing recovery time and improving capacity efficiency while providing high quality and resiliency of services has become increasingly important for the future networ k development. Providing network resiliency means to rapidly and accurately reroute the traffic via diversely routed spare capacity in the network when a failure takes down l inks or nodes in the working path. Planning and optimization for NGNs require an effic ient algorithm for spare capacity allocation (SCA) that assures restorability with a minimum of total capacity. This dissertation aims to understand and advance the sta t of knowledge on spare capacity allocation in network resiliency for telecommunicat on core networks. Optimal network resiliency design for resto rability requires considering: network topology, working and protection paths routing and spare capacity allocation. Restorable networks should be highly efficient in terms of tot al capacity required for restorability and be able to support any target level of restorability. The SCA strategy is to decide how much spare capacity should be reserved on links and to p re-plan protection paths to protect traffic from a set of failures. This optimal capacity alloc ation problem for survivable routing is known as NP-complete. To expose the problem structu re, we propose a model of the SCA problem using a matrix-based framework, named Distr ibuted Resilience Matrix (DRM) to identify the dependencies between the working and p rotection capacities associated with each pair of links and also to capture the local ca pa ity usage information in a distributed control environment. In addition, we introduce a no vel ant-based heuristic algorithm, called Friend-or-Foe Resilient (FoF-R) ant-based routing a lgorithm to find the optimal protection cycle (i.e., two node-disjoint paths between a sour ce-destination node pair) and explore the sharing ability among protection paths using a capa ity headroom-dependent attraction and repulsion function. Simulation results based on the OMNeT++ and AMPL/CPLEX tools show that the FoF-R scheme with the DRM structure i s a promising approach to solving the SCA problem for survivable routing and it gives a g ood trade off between solution optimality and computation speed.
Modeling of Software Development Effort

To accurately model the inter-relationship between the software project effort/cost and the effort/cost drivers various modeling studies have been conducted. These mainly include empirical and soft computing and expert analogy based techniques, primarily aimed at accurate software estimation and efficient management of software projects. This paper presents a Simulated Annealing (SA) based optimization approach using Matlab to minimize the variance in software development (SD) effort modeling of NASA SD projects. A comparison of results based on SA approach with non-linear regression and other available models is also presented proving the estimation utility of the SA approach.
A Historical Perspective on Reading Research and Practice

At the time the International Reading Association was created in 1956, the reading research community was poised at a new juncture in its history (Monaghan & Saul, 1987). The efforts of researchers during this period gave rise to extensive literature on learners and the learning process that remains an enduring legacy for the domain of reading. Yet, this was not the only period of significant change the reading community has experienced in the past 50 years. In fact, reading has periodically responded to internal and external forces resulting in both gradual and dramatic transformations to the domain— transformations that have altered reading study and practice. Our purpose here is to position those transformations within a historical framework. As with others (e.g., VanSledright, 2002), we hold that such a historical perspective allows for reasoned reflection and a certain wisdom that can be easily lost when one is immersed in ongoing study and practice. That is because a historical perspective broadens the vista on reading and adds a critical dimension to the analysis of present-day events and issues. To capture this historical perspective, we survey eras in reading research and practice that have unfolded in the past 50 years and that symbolize alternative perspectives on learners and learning. For each era, we describe certain internal and external conditions that helped to frame that period, as well as the views and principles of learning that are characteristic of that era. Moreover, we explore both the prevailing views of learning within those periods and rival stances that existed as educational undercurrents. To bring this historical vista into focus, we highlight exemplary and prototypic works that encapsulate the issues and concerns of the time. Of course, we recognize that the boundaries and distinctions we draw between these eras are approximations of permeable and overlapping periods of reading research and practice. Nonetheless, these eras remain a useful platform from which the subsequent contributions in this volume can be explored.
Regolazione della longevità in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

In diversi organismi, dal lievito ai mammiferi, e stato osservato che la riduzione dell'introito calorico aumenta la sopravvivenza e protegge dall'insorgenza di numerose patologie associate all'eta. Il meccanismo molecolare tramite cui questo effetto si realizza non e ancora chiaro. Questa ricerca mette in evidenza il ruolo di singoli nutrienti nella sensibilizzazione agli stress e nella promozione dell'invecchiamento, identifica in particolare tre specifici aminoacidi che agiscono da segnalatori pro-aging e descrive le vie cellulari attraverso cui tali molecole agiscono. Poiche i pathway di segnalazione coinvolti nell'invecchiamento e nella risposta ai nutrienti sono significativamente conservati in tutti gli eucarioti, i risultati ottenuti nel sistema modello Saccharomyces cerevisiae suggeriscono un possibile intervento per la modulazione dell'invecchiamento anche nei mammiferi. Il lavoro e un utile strumento per quanti siano interessati alla biologia dell’invecchiamento e della nutrizione.
A Comma In Parsing

IX 1.0 WHEN WORDS FORM SENTENCES: AN INTRODUCTION TO PARSING . 1 1.1 SYNTACTIC PARSING. 1 1.2 THE LEAP OF FAITH: BRIDGING THE LINGUISTICS/PSYCHOLOGY GAP. 5 1.3 MODELS OF PARSING. 9 1.3. 1 The Early Years. 9 1.3. 2 The Garden Path Model. 10 1.3. 3 The Sufficiency of Minimal Attachment and Late Closure. 13 1.4 THE IMMEDIACY ASSUMPTION AND ON-LINE MEASUREMENT. 18 1.5 THREE TYPES OF TEMPORARILY AMBIGUOUS SENTENCE STRUCTURE. 20 1.5. 1 Prepositional Phrase Attachments. 21 1.5. 2 Early / Late Closure Sentences. 22 1.5. 3 Reduced Relatives. 22 2.0 PUNCTUATION . 25 2.1 PUNCTUATION: A NEGLECTED TOPIC. 25 2.2 A LITTLE HISTORY. 26 2.3 ELOCUTIONARY OR SYNTACTIC FUNCTION? 27 2.4 COMMAS. 31 2.5 WHAT PSYCHOLINGUISTICS DOES HAVE TO SAY. 32
Multilingual and crosslingual acoustic modelling for automatic speech recognition

This thesis studies the definition, implementation and validation of multilingual and crosslingual acoustic models for automatic speech recognition (ASR), The acoustic model constitutes one of the basic building blocks of an automatic speech recognition system. In today's state-of-the-art ASR systems it is common practise to extract the parameters of the acoustic model from a acoustic template database. It has been shown that this methodology results in high performance ASR systems. However, a principal drawback of this procedure consist in its dependency on suitable speech databases to train the models, and the inevitable dependency of the final target system on the language used for training the models. That is, in case of acoustic model training, a acoustic model can hardly be build if no or only a limited amount of speech material of a target language is available, and, during recognition, the ASR system is fixed to the language which was used to train it. Multilingual and crosslingual acoustic modelling is seen as a potential way to overcome these drawbacks at least partly. The basic idea consists in sharing acoustic knowledge between languages, or to reuse already available acoustic knowledge from one or more source languages for a target language. The thesis on hand thus focuses on two major aspects of multilingual and crosslingual acoustic modelling: acoustic model definition and acoustic model adaptation. In case of acoustic model definition the stress lies on the definition of suitable linguistic features. Linguistic features constitute the input domain of the phonetic-acoustic decision tree which is used to define context dependent acoustic models. Usually such features are derived knowledge-based by a linguistic expert which is familiar with both, the source and the target language. However, linguistic experts which are familiar with all concerned languages might be hard to find. Thus, in a multilingual but also in the crosslingual enviro
Field Test Evaluation of Educational Software: A Description of One Approach.

Educational evaluators in general have traditionally recognized the need to incorporate data from potential users in designing evaluation studies. In the field of courseware evaluation, however, there has been a great deal of emphasis placed on expert judgment as a source of data for evaluating computer-based educational materials. Although courseware reviews are extremely useful, they are not substitutes for field tests;each provides a different type of information that evaluators may use in order to determine the quality of an instructional product. This paper reports on the evaluation of a courseware designed to assist the writing of the lower-case alphabet. The main objective of the article is to demonstrate an evaluation design which provided adequate answers to our evaluation questions, allowed us to perform multiple comparisons to support our conclusions, and was also practical enough to be used in a normal classroom situation without disturbing everyday activities. Three criteria for selecting a design are presented followed by a description of the courseware evaluation.
Implementing a Student Learning Organiser on the Pocket PC Platform

The invention relates to agricultural implements for planting. Increased efficiency of planting in general and incorporating fertilizer in particular in no-till situations is achieved by frame, disk and knife assemblies (14, 15, 16) mounting a disk (44) immediately ahead of a knife (68) and depth-controlled by a spring (63).
De-identification for privacy protection in multimedia content

De-identification in multimedia content can be defined as the process of concealing the identities of individuals captured in a given set of data (images, video, audio, text), for the purpose of protecting their privacy. This will provide an effective means for supporting the EU’s Data Protection Directive (95/46/EC), which is concerned with the introduction of appropriate measures for the protection of personal data. The fact that a person can be identified by such features as face, voice, silhouette and gait, indicates the de-identification process as an interdisciplinary challenge, involving such scientific areas as image processing, speech analysis, video tracking and biometrics. This Action aims to facilitate coordinated interdisciplinary efforts (related to scientific, legal, ethical and societal aspects) in the introduction of person de-identification and reversible de-identification in multimedia content by networking relevant European experts and organisations.
Fast Cutting Operations on Three Dimensional Volume Datasets

This paper is concerned with high quality volume visualisation with additional emphasis on real time cutting operations for displaying surface interiors. In many applications , it is necessary for a user to interac tively perform cutting operations on a volume dataset in order to see different parts of the data. A method for implementing such operations, together with a direct surface rendering algorithm, has heen developed and results have demonstrated its efficiency in comparison with existing methods.
MPageRank: The Stability of Web Graph

Received November 04, 2008Abstract. Problems which have a huge database always issue challenges to scientists.Evaluating importance of Webs is an interesting example. This problem should be verydiﬃcult about not only computation, but also storage since the Web environment con-tains around 10 billions Web pages. Basing on the “random surfer” idea of PageRankalgorithm, MPageRank greatly improves results of Web search by applying a proba-bilistic model on the link structure of Webs to evaluate “authority” of Webs. UnlikePageRank, in MPageRank, a Web now has diﬀerent ranking scores which depend onthe given multi topics. By assigning a value characterizing a relationship between con-tent of pages and a popular topic, we would like to introduce some new notions suchas the inﬂuence of page and the stability of rank score vector to evaluate the stabilityof Web environment. However, the main idea of establishing the MPageRank modelis to partition our Web graph into smaller-size Web subgraphs. As a consequence ofevaluation and rejection about pages inﬂuence weakly to other pages, the rank scoreof pages of the original Web graph can be approximated from the rank score of pagesin the new partition Web graph.2000 Mathematics Subject Classiﬁcation: ————————–. Key words: —————————————-.
Exploitation of Task Level Parallelism

Existing many systems were supporting task level parallelism usually involving the process of task creation and synchronization. The synchronization of task requires the clear definition about existing dependencies in a program or data-flow restraints among functions(tasks), or data usable information of the tasks. This thesis describes a method called Symbol-Table method which will used to exploits and detects the task level parallelism at inner level of sequential C-programs. This method is made up of two levels: a normal symbol table and an extended symbol table. A sequential program of C language is the input to the normal gcc compiler in which the procedures are defines as functions(tasks). Than we generate a normal symbol table with specific command by gcc compiler in Linux as an output. Then we use the information of that symbol table for generating the extended symbol table with additional information about variable's extended scopes and inner level function dependency. This extended symbol table is generated by the use of previously generated normal symbol table on the basis of variable's scope and L-value/R-value attributes. By that table we can identify the functions and variables those who are sharing the common variables and those who are accessing the different functions with extended scopes respectively. Then we can generate the program dependency graph by the using of that extended symbol table's information with a specific java program. A simple program for using this method has been implemented on a 64-bits linux based multiprocessor. Finally we can generate the Function graph for every variable in the program with the help of table's info and dependency graph's states. From that graph we can get the info about extended scoping of variables to identify and exploit the task level parallelism in the program. Then we can apply the parallelism with MPI or other parallel platforms to get optimized and error free parallelism.
Improving Word Recognition among First Grade Students.

A balanced, systematic, instructional reading program was designed to increase word recognition in beginning readers. The targeted population consisted of first graders in an upper middle class community located in the Chicago suburbs. The lack of word recognition was documented through assessments revealing students' phonemic awareness, reading fluency, and print awareness. Analysis of probable cause data revealed that first grade students typically lack the skills and strategies necessary for word recognition and reading. The data also revealed that phonemic awareness, reading readiness, print awareness, and parental involvement are critical factors in beginning reading instruction. A review of solution strategies suggested by knowledgeable others, combined with an analysis of the problem setting, resulted in the selection of four major categories of intervention: assessment and review of phonemic awareness to insure reading readiness; a balanced, beginning reading instructional program; instructional focus on reading skills and strategies; and increased parental involvement. Post intervention data indicated an increase in students' phonemic and print awareness. The data also showed a substantial improvement in word recognition skills and an increase in the understanding and use of various reading strategies. Contains 33 references, 2 tables and 4 figures of data. Appendixes contain an early reading screening instrument and a test of phonological awareness. (Author/SR) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** Improving Word Recognition Among First Grade Students Cindi Blease Kristina Ecklund Michelle Hitzman An Action Research Project Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the School of Education in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Masters of Arts in Teaching and Leadership U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) Cal This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. St. Xavier University & IRI/Skylight Field Based Masters Program Chicago, Illinois May 1999 Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. BEST COPY AVM BLE PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)
Adab sākhir (Satirical literature) and the Use of Egyptian Vernacular

There were few, if any, bookstores in Cairo that did not, in 2013, have a section designated to a category of books labelled adab sākhir. Their titles play on humor and familiar Egyptian references; they are often in the vernacular – ʿāmmiyya – and sometimes repeated in ‘Franco-Arabic’. In 2014, I was told that adab sākhir was a popular genre in the years leading up to the 2011 revolution, and right after it, but that there seemed to be a growing interest for different types of novels.1 The new wave of adab sākhir in Egypt did perhaps reach a ‘peak’ a few years ago, as Jacquemond (2016:356) reports that it meets competition from other “genres of ‘popular’ literature” such as romance and horror. Nonetheless, the (re)emergence of this genre and the tendency for it being written entirely or partly in the vernacular is worth some focus. In this chapter, I will present some ways in which the Egyptian vernacular (ʿāmmiyya) and Standard Arabic ( fuṣḥā) are used in adab sākhir, based on 21 books published between 2011 and 2014, as well as some motivations for using ʿāmmiyya, as presented by writers. First, we will take a look at what lies in the label which these books have been given.
Adaptive control and simulation of a seven-link biped robot for the combined trajectory motion and stability investigations

In this article, simulation (trajectory planning) and control of seven link biped robot on combined trajectory (three phases), have been investigated. Using mathematical interpolation for trajectory planning and designing software for the robot simulation and implementation from adaptive control process, the joint's required torques also the ZMP diagrams to stability judgment will be obtained.