Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development Prospect and the Current Situation of Ornamental Fish Market in Shanghai

The ornamental fish market in Shanghai developed rapidly since the 1990 s. In order to further understand the development of the ornamental fish market in Shanghai,an overall investigation of the market was conducted in July 2014. The main findings included the following four aspects. The number of ornamental fish market is large and the markets are widely distributed around the city. Most of the ornamental fish markets are small medium-sized. Number of freshwater species is much over the marine species. There are limited species of aquarium plants and the price is moderate. The existing problems in ornamental fish market were also put forward in this paper,such as poor quality,disorder competition,both the seller and buyer lack of knowledge and technology and so on. In order to enrich the amateur life,promote relevant industry development,alleviate the employment pressure,the development trend of ornamental aquarium market in Shanghai was forecasted.
The coordination chemistry at gold nanoparticles

In gold nanoparticles the surface metal atoms play a major role, determining their chemical and physical properties by interacting with donor-acceptor species or ligands in a similar way as the related metal complexes. In addition, coherent oscillations of the metal electrons in resonance with the frequency of the exciting light give rise to localized surface plasmons responsible for an enhancement of the local electric field and SERS effect, allowing a wide range of applications in chemistry, biology and nanotechnology. Multifunctional bridging ligands can be employed for simultaneously binding metal ions and surface atoms. The attractive point of this approach is the possibility of exploiting the charge controlled stabilization by the metal complexes, while imparting new characteristics and properties to the modified nanoparticles. As a matter of fact, a new, exciting field of coordination chemistry can be envisaged, combining metal nanoparticles and metal complexes, in the light of supramolecular and surface plasmon resonance effects.
Linear scleroderma and intractable epilepsy: Neuropathologic evidence for a chronic inflammatory process

the primary outcome measure in pivotal clinical trials, attention should be directed at devising new clinical assessment tools [I]. Investigators at that meeting also agreed that various magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters have now been shown to reflect disease activity in MS and that MRI represents a reasonable outcome measure in preliminary trials of new treatments. The goal of such studies is not to establish definitively if the treatment works but, rather, to determine if the treatment looks promising enough to invest the large effort required to conduct a costly, pivotal multicenter phase 111 trial. Considerable evidence indicates that change in the bloodbrain barrier, as evidenced by enhancement on TI-weighted images after administration of a gadolinium chelate, represents the first event in the development of most if not all new MS lesions that will later be seen on T2-weighted images [2]. Other aspects of lesion development such as demyelination and axonal degeneration may be better evaluated on proton density/T2-weighted images, precontrast TI-weighted images, or other techniques under development. The choice of MRI parameters used to monitor a clinical trial will depend on the patient population targeted and the hypothesized mechanisms of action of the particular treatment to be tested. An international task force on the role of MRI as an outcome measure for early MS treatment trials suggested that phase 1/11 trials could incorporate a variety of MRI techniques to allow maximum data collection and analysis (Miller DH, Albert PS, Barkhof F, et al, unpublished data). We believe that a relationship between MRI changes and clinical changes has been clearly demonstrated. Although most of the enhancing lesions seen in the cerebrum do not translate into clinical findings on a standard neurological examination, a correlation between the occurrence of contrastenhancing lesions and exacerbations reaches a high degree of significance [3] . Thus, the same process that leads to increased lesion activity in the head increases the likelihood of lesions in the spinal cord or brainstem. Also, recent studies have shown a correlation between the frequency of acute enhancing lesions and EDSS [4]. An association between the bulk of disease seen on T2-weighted images has been shown to correlate with future progression to MS in monosymptomatic disease [ 5 ] . As to spinal cord scans as part of a treatment trial in MS, given currently available technology, a recent study concluded that there was little activity visible in the spinal cord compared with that in the cerebrum and that frequent spinal cord scans would not be useful in trials [6].
Purification and Characterization of Two Novel Hypersensitive Response-inducing Specific Elicitors Produced by the Cowpea Rust Fungus*

Two novel elicitor peptides that are produced by the race 1 of the cowpea rust fungus Uromyces vignae and that specifically induce a hypersensitive response (a putative form of programmed cell death) in a resistant cultivar of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) have been purified to homogeneity. Purification steps included gel filtration, anion-exchange chromatography, continuous elution electrophoresis, and reversed-phase C18 high performance liquid chromatography. The relative molecular masses of the peptide elicitors as deduced from Tricine sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were 5600 Da (major) and 5800 Da (minor), respectively. Peptide 1 (major) and the minor copurifying peptide (peptide 2) resolved at the final C18 high performance liquid chromatography step. The NH2 terminus of peptide 1 was deblocked with anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid prior to sequencing. However, the NH2 terminus of peptide 2 was free. The acidic and hydrophobic peptides show some homology between themselves but do not show any significant similarity with known proteins. The two specific elicitors may be products of two avirulence genes corresponding to the two genes for resistance in the resistant cultivar.
Metamodell-basierte Integration von Service-orientierten EA-Referenzarchitekturen

Eine EA-Referenzarchitektur soll die klare „Blaupause“ der effizienten, leistungsstarken und agilen Gestaltung sowie Nutzung von EAM fur jedes Unternehmen sein. Heute ist dies nicht der Fall, weil EA-Referenzarchitekturen meist fehlen und die methodische Praxis von EAM meist nur Tool-zentriert ist. Es wird ein origineller Ansatz zur Metamodel-basierten Integration von EAFrameworks fur eine ganzheitliche Service-orientierte EA-Referenzarchitektur neu in die Diskussion eingebracht. Das Problem ist heute, dass es trotz einiger Standards auf dem Gebiet der IT-Unternehmensarchitekturen und vielfaltiger EAFrameworks keine Service-orientierte Referenzarchitektur fur Enterprise Architecture Management gibt, die neuere Moglichkeiten des Services & Cloud Computing hinreichend berucksichtigt. Nach mehr als zehnjahriger Entwicklung der Konzepte fur EAM – Enterprise Architecture Management und erster praktischer Reife, aber auch einiger Schwierigkeiten im Umgang mit EAM in der Praxis ist die Zeit heute reif, dass kunftig klarere Konzepte, Modelle und Werkzeugparametrierungen eine leistungsstarke Basis fur die praktische Arbeit von EAM-Architekturen ermoglichen. Unser Ansatz formuliert in der Art eines Durchstichs am Beispiel eines Ausschnitts der Business Architekturen von ArchiMate und TOGAF eine relevante methodische Basis fur die Integration auch groserer Losungskonzepte und ordnet diese zu einer konsistenten und ausbaubaren Grundlage fur leistungsstarke EA-Referenzarchitekturen. Unsere innovative Idee der Zusammenfuhrung teils heterogener Architekturkonzepte auf der Basis von EA-Capability-Maps, Metamodellen, Standards, Frameworks und Serviceorientierten Ontologien basiert auf eigens entwickelten und bereits erprobten Ansatzen mit Korrelationsmatrizen, weiterentwickelten EA-Metamodellen und auf unserem bisherigen integralen ESARC-Enterprise Services Architecture Reference Cube mit zugehorigen Ontologien, Reifegradmodellen und Patterns fur EAMDiagnostik und systematische Verbesserungen der Architektur.
A review on vision-based control of robot manipulators

Recent vision-based control algorithms for robot manipulators are reviewed. Vision is essential for robots working in an unstructured environment. There are numerous research results in vision-based control. Thus, the scope of this review is limited to providing a brief description on visual servo schemes for manipulators. First, a control architecture for vision-based control is reviewed and some basic ideas for visual servo control are presented. On the basis of these ideas recent research results, especially robust and globally stable controllers, are discussed in detail.
TFET based Ternary Logic Gates & Arithmetic Circuits

Scaling of conventional CMOS devices has reduced the device dimensions from 10 mm in 1970s to 0.1 μm in a present day. According to ITRS (i.e. International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors ) we are going to face the brick wall in 2015 if we continue in the same development speed. This will not be possible for us to maintain the pace forecasted by Moore. (Moore‟s law) This is because of the fundamental limitations of device parameter dimensions due to which performance is degrading in several ways. To overcome this and go ahead in technology , one must look into new devices those can be scaled down to come up with other solutions. Either it should be possible to go ahead by again reducing the device dimensions in some way or we have to reduce the circuit overhead with less complexity. Solution to this might be : MVL i.e. Multivalued Logic & TFET i.e. Tunnel Field Effect Transistor. [1]This report presents a novel design of Ternary Logic Gates & arithmetic circuits using TFET
Agglomeration Economies in the Us and Location Choices of Research Laboratories: New Evidence from Manufacturing Industries in Japan

The purpose of this paper is to examine an influence on the location choice of Japanese research laboratories in the US by clusters. In some details, in order to examine the presence of agglomeration economies, we show that whether Japanese research laboratories in the US are located in industry agglomeration or the area where local knowledge stock is large. There are two findings in our empirical work as follows; firstly, the extents of both local knowledge stock of each state in the US and Japanese firm-based local knowledge stock of each state have influenced on the location choice of Japanese research laboratories in the US. This finding represents that Japanese firms choose the location of research laboratories for two reasons: to expect agglomeration effects and to locate near Japanese rival firms to avoid a risk that Japanese firms are unable to procure agglomeration benefits even though they locate in the area where local knowledge stock is large. Secondly, the extents of both industry agglomeration in the US and Japanese firm-based industry agglomeration have not been related to the location choice of Japanese research laboratories in the US. In short, Japanese firms are willing to locate in the area where innovative activities are clustering, not where industrial activities are clustering. This result indicates that the impact of agglomeration economies on the firm's R&D activity is greater in the area where local knowledge stock is large than in industry agglomeration.
The fate of stormwater‐associated bacteria in constructed wetland and water pollution control pond systems

The performances of a constructed wetland and a water pollution control pond were compared in terms of their abilities to reduce stormwater bacterial loads to recreational waters. Concentrations of thermotolerant coliforms, enterococci and heterotrophic bacteria were determined in inflow and outflow samples collected from each system over a 6‐month period. Bacterial removal was significantly less effective in the water pollution control pond than in the constructed wetland. This was attributed to the inability of the pond system to retain the fine clay particles (< 2 µm) to which the bacteria were predominantly adsorbed. Sediment microcosm survival studies showed that the persistence of thermotolerant coliforms was greater in the pond sediments than in the wetland sediments, and that predation was a major factor influencing bacterial survival. The key to greater bacterial longevity in the pond sediments appeared to be the adsorption of bacteria to fine particles, which protected them from predators. These observations may significantly affect the choice of treatment system for effective stormwater management.
Incoherent control of electromagnetically induced transparency and Aulter-Townes splitting

The absorption and dispersion of probe light is studied in an unified framework of three-level system, with coherent laser driving and incoherent pumping and relaxation. The electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and Autler-Townes splitting (ATS) are studied in details. In the phase diagram of the unified three-level system, there are distinct parameter regimes corresponding to different lineshapes and mechanisms, and the incoherent transition could control the cross-over between EIT and ATS. The incoherent control of the three-level system enables the investigation of various phenomena in quantum optics, and is beneficial for experiments of light-matter interactions.
Integrated Marketing Communications and Their Effects on Customer Switching Intention

ABSTRACT This research investigates the path from integrated marketing communications to switching cost, satisfaction, commitment, and switching intention among mobile telecommunications customers. This research is based on extant literature that brand awareness, image, and personality created by company integrated marketing communications influence consumer expectations. Exploratory research finds that consumers will be satisfied if the provider can fulfil its promises and meet customer expectations. Sales promotion has a direct relationship with switching costs. In turn, switching costs affects the level of commitment, which can be augmented by high consumer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction, commitment, and switching cost are direct antecedents of switching intention.
Network Development and Firm Performance: A Field Study of Internationalizing Japanese Firms

This paper explores the potential competitive advantages from the development of an internal network of subsidiaries and external network of alliances. Given the broad scope and lack of systematic investigation in prior research, clinical field research was conducted in eleven Japanese subsidiaries in China. Our in‐depth interviews revealed that there are benefits and costs associated with the development of both subsidiary networks and alliance networks. While there are exploitation and exploration benefits from subsidiary network development, internationalizing firms (especially smaller firms) are subject to the liability of foreignness. Alliance network development is an effective way to mitigate this liability if internationalizing firms choose the right alliance strategy.
HISTIDINE-TRYPTOPHAN-KETOGLUTARATE SOLUTION HELPS TO PRESERVE ENDOTHELIAL INTEGRITY OF SAPHENOUS VEIN : AN IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

route and it is currently used in everyday clinical practice in Europe. Sublingual administration is particularly attractive for children since it is completely pain-free. To date, no fatalities from SLIT have been reported, but two cases of anaphylaxis to inhalant allergens have been reported. The large majority of the adverse events reported in literature is described as mild. Most of them involve the mouth (burning or itching) or the gastrointestinal tract (stomach ache, nausea) and usually self-resolve in a few days without any intervention. At present, SLIT represents the main option for allergists, however, tablet immunotherapy could become an interesting alternative to sublingual drops. SAFETY OF SUBLINGUAL IMMUNOTHERAPY
Effects of Temperature on Growth Rate and Behavior of Epeorus albertae (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae) Nymphs

ABSTRACT Anthropogenic disturbances affect temperature in river systems. Temperature potentially affects life histories of macroinvertebrates and alters behavior and biological functions. Temperature preferences and tolerance ranges for key taxa are therefore critical for understanding impacts of human-induced changes to water temperatures on river ecosystems. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of water temperature on growth rate and behavior of Epeorus albertae (McDunnough) nymphs. Nymphs were collected from the Umatilla River in eastern Oregon, and exposed to temperatures of 18, 22, and 28°C. Nymphs held at 28°C exhibited increased growth rates compared with individuals held at 18 and 22°C. However, at 28°C the accumulation of nymphal tissues was not consistent with that of nymphs held in lower temperatures; ratios of head capsule width to total body length were significantly lower in individuals at 28°C compared with those held at the lower temperatures. This indicates that the nymphs held at the high temperature had longer total body length relative to the developmental stage, represented by head capsule width, when compared with insects in cooler temperatures. To examine the effect of water temperature on behavior, active drift of mayflies was examined in experimental chambers held at 12, 18, 22, and 28°C. The number of drifting insects observed was significantly higher at 28°C compared with 22, 18, and 12°C. These results indicate that temperature is a factor influencing growth and behavior of E. albertae and is likely to lead to limitations in habitat use of this mayfly.
Neurointerface-interfaces of neuronal networks to electrical circuit

Neurointerfaces which connect the nervous system to electrical circuits are expected to play an important role in exploring the frontier of brain science. A planar electrode array (PEA) which is a useful neurointerface for observing electrical activity of cultured neuronal network is described. The developmental electrical activity changes of neuronal networks and electrical activity propagation in reconstructed visual system are observed successfully using the PEA. The possibility of formation of patterned neuronal network on the PEA are also shown using a novel cell positioning technique. The PEA is expected to play an important role in developing brain science.
Imaging of Endogenous RNA Using Genetically Encoded Probes

Imaging of RNAs in single cells revealed their localized transcription and specific function. Such information cannot be obtained from bulk measurements. This unit contains a protocol of an imaging method capable of visualizing endogenous RNAs bound to genetically encoded fluorescent probes in single living cells. The protocol includes methods of design and construction of the probes, their characterization, and imaging a target RNA in living cells. The methods for RNA imaging are generally applicable to many kinds of RNAs and may allow for elucidating novel functions of localized RNAs and understanding their dynamics in living cells. Curr. Protoc. Chem. Biol. 3:27‐37 © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in the management of patients with complex regional pain syndrome: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled prospective study.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on clinical recovery in the management of patients with complex regional pain syndrome Type I (CRPS Type I). MATERIAL AND METHOD The study included 30 patients with stage 1 and 2 CRPS Type I in the upper extremities. The patients were randomly assigned into 2 groups, group 1 (n= 15) received conventional TENS therapy for 20 minutes, and group 2 (n= 15) received sham TENS therapy. The standard physical therapy program, which included contrast bath for 20 minutes; whirlpool bath for 15 minutes; assisted active and passive range of motion, and static stretching exercises up to the pain threshold, was also conducted in both groups. Therapy was scheduled for 15 sessions. A visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess spontaneous pain. The Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Signs and Symptoms (LANSS) scale and the Douleur Neuropathique en 4 Questions (DN-4) were used to assess neuropathic pain. In addition, range of motion (ROM) was measured using a goniometer and volumetric measurements were taken to assess edema. Functional capacity was assessed using a hand dynamometer and the Duruöz Hand Index (DHI). All measurements were performed at baseline and after therapy. RESULTS Significant improvements were achieved in spontaneous and neuropathic pain scores, edema, ROM, and functional capacity in both groups (p< 0.05). However, improvement was found to be significantly greater in group 1 regarding pain intensity, neuropathic pain assessed using LANNS, edema, and in the 2nd-3rd finger ROM measurements (p< 0.05). No significant difference was detected between groups regarding improvements in 4th-5th finger and wrist ROM measurements, grip strength, and DN4 and DHI scores (p> 0.05). CONCLUSION The addition of TENS to the physical therapy program was seen to make a significant contribution to clinical recovery in CRPS Type 1.
Base Station Cooperation with Non-Ideal Backhaul and Non-Full Buffer Traffic

Base station cooperation has been shown to significantly mitigate the interference perceived in cellular networks and improve the quality of user experience. On the uplink, joint processing (JP) across antennas within a cluster of base stations yields significant gain, but requires significant backhaul to transport complex I & Q signals. The Network Interference Cancellation Engine (NICE) can yield throughput gains similar to that of JP, but with one to two orders of magnitude less backhaul. While NICE demonstrates significant potential for cellular networks, its performance has been evaluated under somewhat idealistic conditions. For instance, full buffer traffic has generally been assumed, thereby leading to a fully loaded system with strong interference. Bursty traffic may result in a partially loaded system with less interference and impact the gains of interference-mitigating techniques such as NICE. In addition, an ideal backhaul with negligible delay has generally been assumed. Delays in information exchanges between base stations may decrease the efficacy of base station cooperation. In this paper, the performance of NICE is evaluated under non full buffer traffic and non-ideal backhaul.
Conduction block of peripheral nerve using high‐frequency alternating currents delivered through an intrafascicular electrode

Many diseases are characterized by undesired or pathological neural activity. The local delivery of high‐frequency currents has been shown to be an effective method for blocking neural conduction in peripheral nerves and may provide a therapy for these conditions. To date, all studies of high‐frequency conduction block have utilized extraneural (cuff) electrodes to achieve conduction block. In this study we show that high‐frequency conduction block is feasible using intrafascicular electrodes. Muscle Nerve, 2010