Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fishery selection and Pacific salmon life histories: patterns and processes

Fishery selection and Pacific salmon life histories: patterns and processes Neala Warren Kendall Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Thomas P. Quinn School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences Life history traits of wild animals can be strongly influenced by anthropogenic activities, including hunting and fishing. Recent research has warned of adverse evolutionary changes resulting from the exploitation of wild populations. My PhD research fills gaps in our understanding of long-term fishery selection patterns and the potential for evolutionary change in harvested populations. I first examined how genetic and environmental effects impact age and size at maturation in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) using data from a common garden study. I found that genetic effects are likely to play a role in influencing these traits, suggesting that fishery selection has the potential to contribute to microevolution. Next I quantified multi-decadal fishery selection patterns in a range of Alaskan Pacific salmon fisheries. I quantified and compared commercial and recreational fishery selection on Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha). I discovered that selection by the recreational fishery, which consistently caught larger fish, but not the commercial fishery, which has caused variable selection but overall caught smaller fish, has been consistent with the size trends towards smaller fish over time. Analyses of nine commercial sockeye salmon fisheries showed that size selection varied over time but in most years larger than average fish were caught. Next, I found that size-selective fishing on sockeye salmon, where males are typically larger than females, can also result in sex selection, specifically more males being removed than females. Sex-selection patterns varied across populations, and skewed sex ratios may change sexual selection, competition, and behavior on the spawning grounds. Finally, I found that length at age at maturation has decreased over the last half-decade in most but not all Bristol Bay sockeye salmon populations while age composition has not changed. I quantified temporal trends in maturation length thresholds to determine whether fishery selection likely contributed to microevolutionary changes and found decreasing values over time for most, but not all, populations. Environmental changes in the ocean combined with adaptive microevolution have likely combined to produce the observed patterns. These findings suggest that fishery managers should consider both selective fishing and environmental factors affecting fish growth when successfully managing exploited fish populations.
Transepithelial transport of cholyltaurine by Caco-2 cell monolayers is sodium dependent.

Bile acids are efficiently recovered from the intestinal lumen by a Na(+)-dependent transport process that is localized in the ileal enterocyte brush-border membrane. To establish a cell culture model for this process, we examined the Na+ dependence of cholyltaurine (C-tau; taurocholate) transport across monolayers of differentiated Caco-2 cells grown on permeable filter inserts. Transport of [3H]C-tau was Na+ dependent (> 20-fold stimulation), saturable, and time linear for at least 60 min. The apparent Michaelis constant of [3H]C-tau transport was approximately 65 microM, and the maximal transport rate was approximately 800 pmol.min-1.mg protein-1. Transport of [3H]C-tau in the apical-to-basolateral direction was 17-fold greater than transport in the reverse direction. Lowered incubation temperature, various metabolic inhibitors, and various unlabeled bile acids inhibited [3H]C-tau transport. Caco-2 cells thus transport bile acids in a manner similar to that described for ileal brush-border membrane vesicles and isolated ileal enterocytes and are therefore an appropriate model for studying the molecular basis of ileal bile acid transport.
Tuning of Cost Drivers by Significance Occurrences and Their Calibration with Novel Software Effort Estimation Method

Estimation is an important part of software engineering projects, and the ability to produce accurate effort estimates has an impact on key economic processes, including budgeting and bid proposals and deciding the execution boundaries of the project. Work in this paper explores the interrelationship among different dimensions of software projects, namely, project size, effort, and effort influencing factors. The study aims at providing better effort estimate on the parameters of modified COCOMO along with the detailed use of binary genetic algorithm as a novel optimization algorithm. Significance of 15 cost drivers can be shown by their impact on MMRE of efforts on original 63 NASA datasets. Proposed method is producing tuned values of the cost drivers, which are effective enough to improve the productivity of the projects. Prediction at different levels of MRE for each project reflects the percentage of projects with desired accuracy. Furthermore, this model is validated on two different datasets which represents better estimation accuracy as compared to the COCOMO 81 based NASA 63 and NASA 93 datasets.
The response of the North American Monsoon to increased greenhouse gas forcing

We analyze the response of the North American Monsoon (NAM) to increased greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing (emissions scenario RCP 8.5) using new simulations available through the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project version 5 (CMIP5). Changes in total monsoon season rainfall with GHG warming are small and insignificant. The models do, however, show significant declines in early monsoon season precipitation (June‐July) and increases in late monsoon season (September‐October) precipitation, indicating a shift in seasonality toward delayed onset and withdrawal of the monsoon. Early in the monsoon season, tropospheric warming increases vertical stability, reinforced by reductions in available surface moisture, inhibiting precipitation and delaying the onset of the monsoon. By the end of the monsoon season, moisture convergence is sufficient to overcome the warming induced stability increases, and precipitation is enhanced. Even with no change in total NAM rainfall, shifts in the seasonal distribution of precipitation within the NAM region are still likely to have significant societal and ecological consequences, reinforcing the need to not only understand the magnitude, but also the timing, of future precipitation changes.
Health Concept and Knowledge Management: Twenty-five Years of Evolution

Summary Objectives: The fields of health terminology, classification, ontology, and related information models have evolved dramatically over the past 25 years. Our objective was to review notable trends, described emerging or enabling technologies, and highlight major terminology systems during the interval. Methods: We review the progression in health terminology systems informed by our own experiences as part of the community involved in this work, reinforced with literature review and citation. Results: The transformation in size, scope, complexity, and adoption of health terminological systems and information models has been tremendous, on the scale of orders of magnitude. Conclusion: The present “big science” era of inference and discovery in biomedicine would not have been possible or scalable absent the growth and maturation of health terminology systems and information models over the past 25 years.
Lifetime prevalence fluctuations of common and plane viral warts

260 JEADV 2007, 21, 247–289 © 2006 European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology of treatment with mycophenolate mofetil at a dosage of 2000 mg/day. Mycophenolate mofetil is a well-tolerated immunosuppressive agent, which has primarily been used to prevent rejection in organ transplant recipients. However, it has also been used to treat several dermatological conditions, in dosages between 500 and 2000 mg/day. It is usually given as a twice-daily regime, and tolerance is good in most patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of oral erosive lichen planus effectively treated with mycophenolate mofetil. We suggest this treatment could be tried in patients with oral erosive lichen planus when other therapeutic measures fail or when unacceptable adverse effects appear. Studies in a greater number of patients are necessary to confirm the success of this treatment.
The PhoP/PhoQ System and Its Role in Serratia marcescens Pathogenesis

ABSTRACT Serratia marcescens is able to invade, persist, and multiply inside nonphagocytic cells, residing in nonacidic, nondegradative, autophagosome-like vacuoles. In this work, we have examined the physiological role of the PhoP/PhoQ system and its function in the control of critical virulence phenotypes in S. marcescens. We have demonstrated the involvement of the PhoP/PhoQ system in the adaptation of this bacterium to growth on scarce environmental Mg2+, at acidic pH, and in the presence of polymyxin B. We have also shown that these environmental conditions constitute signals that activate the PhoP/PhoQ system. We have found that the two S. marcescens mgtE orthologs present a conserved PhoP-binding motif and demonstrated that mgtE1 expression is PhoP dependent, reinforcing the importance of PhoP control in magnesium homeostasis. Finally, we have demonstrated that phoP expression is activated intracellularly and that a phoP mutant strain is defective in survival inside epithelial cells. We have shown that the Serratia PhoP/PhoQ system is involved in prevention of the delivery to degradative/acidic compartments.
Age Changes in the Periodontal Tissues of the Rat Molar

THE physiologic aging process of the periodontal tissues has been a subject of considerable interest to the dental profession as a whole, and to the periodontist in particular. A knowledge of the physiologic changes of the periodontal tissues with age is essential to an understanding of periodontal diseases. The purpose of this study was to follow in the rat molar the changes that occur from youth to old age in the position of the epithelial attachment, the incidence and degree of gingival inflammation, the position of the alveolar crest, the state of cellular activity at the alveolar crest, the width of the interdental septum, the position of the cellular cementum, and the amount of root resorption. The rat molar, which is a tooth of limited growth, provides a fair comparison with the permanent human tooth, and has been used for that reason in experimental studies. An attempt also was made to establish basic information which would be essential to evaluate the results of experimental studies in the molars of rats of different ages.
Genomic Instability Resulting from Blm Deficiency Compromises Development, Maintenance, and Function of the B Cell Lineage1

The RecQ family helicase BLM is critically involved in the maintenance of genomic stability, and BLM mutation causes the heritable disorder Bloom’s syndrome. Affected individuals suffer from a predisposition to a multitude of cancer types and an ill-defined immunodeficiency involving low serum Ab titers. To investigate its role in B cell biology, we inactivated murine Blm specifically in B lymphocytes in vivo. Numbers of developing B lymphoid cells in the bone marrow and mature B cells in the periphery were drastically reduced upon Blm inactivation. Of the major peripheral B cell subsets, B1a cells were most prominently affected. In the sera of Blm-deficient naive mice, concentrations of all Ig isotypes were low, particularly IgG3. Specific IgG Ab responses upon immunization were poor and mutant B cells exhibited a generally reduced Ab class switch capacity in vitro. We did not find evidence for a crucial role of Blm in the mechanism of class switch recombination. However, a modest shift toward microhomology-mediated switch junction formation was observed in Blm-deficient B cells. Finally, a cohort of p53-deficient, conditional Blm knockout mice revealed an increased propensity for B cell lymphoma development. Impaired cell cycle progression and survival as well as high rates of chromosomal structural abnormalities in mutant B cell blasts were identified as the basis for the observed effects. Collectively, our data highlight the importance of BLM-dependent genome surveillance for B cell immunity by ensuring proper development and function of the various B cell subsets while counteracting lymphomagenesis.
Characterization of five genes in the upper-pathway operon of TOL plasmid pWW0 from Pseudomonas putida and identification of the gene products

The upper operon of the TOL plasmid pWW0 of Pseudomonas putida encodes a set of enzymes which transform toluene and xylenes to benzoate and toluates. The genetic organization of the operon was characterized by cloning of the upper operon genes into an expression vector and identification of their products in Escherichia coli maxicells. This analysis showed that the upper operon contains at least five genes in the order of xylC-xylM-xylA-xylB-xylN. Between the promoter of the operon and xylC, there is a 1.7-kilobase-long space of DNA in which no gene function was identified. In contrast, most of the DNA between xylC and xylN consists of coding sequences. The xylC gene encodes the 57-kilodalton benzaldehyde dehydrogenase. The xylM and xylA genes encode 35- and 40-kilodalton polypeptides, respectively, which were shown by genetic complementation tests to be subunits of xylene oxygenase. The structural gene for benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase, xylB, encodes a 40-kilodalton polypeptide. The last gene of this operon is xylN, which synthesizes a 52-kilodalton polypeptide of unknown function.
Multi-objective evolutionary optimization of aperiodic symmetrical linear arrays

In this paper, a multi-objective approach is applied to the design of aperiodic linear arrays of antennas. The adopted procedure is based on a standard Matlab implementation of the Controlled Elitist Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II. Broadside symmetrical arrays of isotropic radiators are considered with both uniform and non-uniform excitations. The work focuses on whether, and in which design conditions, the aperiodic solutions obtained by the adopted standard multi-objective evolutionary procedure can approximate or outperform the Pareto-optimal front for the uniformspacing case computable by the Dolph-Chebyshev method. Keywords—antenna array, Dolph-Chebyshev array, genetic al-
Cancer Anorexia‐Cachexia Syndrome: Current Issues in Research and Management

Cachexia is among the most debilitating and life‐threatening aspects of cancer. Associated with anorexia, fat and muscle tissue wasting, psychological distress, and a lower quality of life, cachexia arises from a complex interaction between the cancer and the host. This process includes cytokine production, release of lipid‐mobilizing and proteolysis‐inducing factors, and alterations in intermediary metabolism. Cachexia should be suspected in patients with cancer if an involuntary weight loss of greater than five percent of premorbid weight occurs within a six‐month period.
Prevalence and Correlates of Intimate Partner Violence among Male Civil Servants in Ibadan, Nigeria.

BACKGROUND Intimate Partner violence (IPV) is one of the common forms of violence against women and is a global public health problem that transcends social, economic, religious and cultural groups. It is often perceived as a private problem or a normal part of life but it contributes greatly to morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence and correlates of intimate partner violence by male civil servants in Oyo State Secretariat Ibadan, Nigeria. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using a multi-stage sampling technique. A total of 609 respondents completed a pre-tested self-administered questionnaire. Data were analysed using SPSS version 18 and STATA version 12. Chi-square statistic was used to test associations between categorical variables and predictors of perpetration of intimate partner violence were determined using logistic regression model at a level of statistical significance of 5%. RESULT The mean age was 38.8±9.9 years and about 74.5% were married. The prevalence of IPV perpetration in the 12 months preceding the study was 66.0%. The prevalence of controlling behaviour was 52.2%, psychological abuse - 31.2%, sexual violence - 23.0%, and physical violence - 11.7%. The predictors of perpetrating any form of IPV included previous history of physical fight with another woman [OR: 2.4 (95% CI: 1.30-3.40)], having a negative attitude towards wife beating [OR 2.5 [95% CI: 1.85-3.42], childhood exposure to parental IPV [OR: 2.1 (95% CI: 1.30-3.41)] and use of alcohol [OR: 1.6 (95% CI: 1.14-2.15]. CONCLUSION The different types of IPV were prevalent among the male civil servants, despite their educational status. Strategies to stop IPV should include male education to change attitudes that encourage violence in relationships to use of non-violent conflict resolution strategies. Education should also include the dangers of alcohol abuse and involvement in physical fights.
Influence de la langue maternelle sur la perception de la parole. Etude comparative du créole guadeloupéen et du français.

En Guadeloupe, francais et creole coexistent. Le contact entre le francais et le creole, nous emmene a nous interroger sur la maniere dont des bilingues creole/francais produisent et percoivent la consonne /R/ par rapport a des monolingues francais (de la region parisienne).
Field resident AUV systems — Chevron's long-term goal for AUV development

The Chevron AUV development program has been running since 2007 with considerable success with a long term goal of deploying Field Resident AUV's in our subsea operating assets. The paper will describe some of the successes of the program and the approach Chevron is taking to meet its end goal. The main focus will be to elaborate on technology gaps that have been identified and still require closure.
CHANNEL CATFISH VIRUS DISEASE

Abstract : Channel catfish virus (CCV) disease is a severe, short-lived infection of cultured channel catfish. It occurs primarily during summer and mostly in fry and fingerlings less than 4 months old. The virus is similar to the one that causes cold sores in humans. Since its identification in 1968, CCV has been isolated from infected fish in most areas of the United States where channel catfish are cultured.
SPECIAL FOCUS: LEARNING STYLES Research in Reading and Learning Style: Implications for Exceptional Children

Research with the Dunn and Dunn model of leorrung style strongly supports the hypotheses that (a) reading achievement improves significantly when reading programs match individual learning styles; (b) poor readers tend to be tactile-kinesthetic learners with a biased arousal of the right hemisphere of the brain; and (c) the learning styles of many poor readers are not accommodated. The author enumerates the methodological errors in past research investigating the merit of teaching students through their strongest modality and recommends procedures for teaching poor readers through their learning style preferences and strengths. MARIE CARBO is Director, Research and Staff Development, Learning Research Associates; national consultant, Learning Styles Network, St. John's University; adjunct professor of education, St. John's University; and Reading Consultant, the Key School, New York, New York. 486 • Research has demonstrated the profoundly negative effect of reading failure on a youngster's self-concept and school career. Many handicapped students experience severe reading problems that hinder both their ability to learn and their progress toward being mainstreamed. Of the various solutions offered to raise the reading achievement levels of handicapped children, one of the most promising appears to be learning style diagnosis and prescription. A comprehensive, practical model of learning style with direct application to the teaching of reading is that designed by Dunn and Dunn (1975). Their model describes how an individual's learning is affected by five major stimuli: (a) environmental-preferred level of sound, light, temperature, preference for formal or informal design; (b) emotional-kind of motivation, degree of persistence and responsibility, need for structure; (c) sociologicalpreference for learning with peers, adults, in combinations, alone; (d) physical-perceptual preferences and strengths, need for intake and mobility, preferred time of day; and (e) psychological-global/analytic, hemispheric dominance, impulsive/reflective behavior. Extensive research on the Dunn and Dunn model of learning style, reported by the National Center for the Study of Learning and Teaching Styles at St. John's University, indicates that learning style is a better predictor of reading achievement than IQ (Kaley, 1977); reading achievement improves significantly when youngsters are taught through their individual learning styles (Carbo, 1980a; KrimExceptional Children, Volume 49, Number 6. Copyright © 1983 The Council for Exceptional Children.
1 0 Inhibition of peptidases in the control of blood pressure

The natriuretic peptide and renin–angiotensin systems are physiological counterparts with opposite roles in the regulation of electrolyte balance and blood pressure. In both systems, membrane-bound, zinc-dependent peptidases play an important role in the inactivation or activation of the system. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II, and neutral endopeptidase (NEP) degrades the natriuretic peptides. Simultaneous inhibition NEP and ACE by a single molecule (a vasopeptidase inhibitor) is a new therapeutic approach in hypertension. Wider applications for vasopeptidase inhibitors being studied include their role as cardioprotective agents in heart failure, as renoprotective agents in chronic renal failure and diabetic nephropathy, and as vasculoprotective agents in endothelial dysfunction and athersclerosis.
Acetabular Reconstruction Using Fresh Frozen Bone Allograft

The success of total hip arthroplasty has led to a move toward operating on a wider and younger population. All implants have a finite useful life, and bone loss is associated with all major causes of failure. The use bone allograft, either morselized or structural has the aim of reconstituting the bone stock. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and radiological results of 72 acetabular reconstructions both primary and revision, done at our institute between May 1999 and October 2004 with a minimum follow-up of one year. The Harris Hip Score (HHS) was calculated and follow-up radiographs were evaluated for graft incorporation; evidence of loosening and migration. Preoperatively 28 acetabular defects were type III (AAOS), 18 were type II, 16 were type I and 10 were type IV. 60 reconstructions were done using cementless acetabular prostheses, and the remaining twelve had cemented implants. Patients were followed up for an average of 30.69 months (range 12 - 64 months). The mean preoperative HHS was 36.13 points which improved to a mean of 81.6 points (range 61 to 91) at final follow-up. None of the patients required reoperation. Dislocation was the commonest complication (8 hips). Short and medium term results were encouraging with the use of this technique.
A laboratory study of Demand Reduction and Collusion in Uniform- and Discriminatory-Price Auctions

We report results of an experimental study of multi-object uniform and discriminatory-price auctions in an environment of publicly known common values, concentrating on an environment where theory predicts sharply different results of the two auction formats. We find that the bidding behavior in the uniform case exhibits two clear regularities: agents consistently play weakly dominated strategies by overbidding on the first unit and have moderate difficulty coordinating on the high payoff (low auction revenue) equilibrium predicted by theory. However, subjects with experience in the same environment are better at reducing demand to achieve higher payoff. Bidders in discriminatory auctions, as predicted, tend to submit bids close to value for all units and are not generally successful in attempts at collusion.