Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Innovated scalable efficient estimation in ultra-large Gaussian graphical models

Large-scale precision matrix estimation is of fundamental importance yet challenging in many contemporary applications for recovering Gaussian graphical models. In this paper, we suggest a new approach of innovated scalable efficient estimation (ISEE) for estimating large precision matrix. Motivated by the innovated transformation, we convert the original problem into that of large covariance matrix estimation. The suggested method combines the strengths of recent advances in high-dimensional sparse modeling and large covariance matrix estimation. Compared to existing approaches, our method is scalable and can deal with much larger precision matrices with simple tuning. Under mild regularity conditions, we establish that this procedure can recover the underlying graphical structure with significant probability and provide efficient estimation of link strengths. Both computational and theoretical advantages of the procedure are evidenced through simulation and real data examples.
CCN activity of size-selected aerosol at a Pacific coastal location

Abstract. As one aspect of the NETwork on Climate and Aerosols: addressing key uncertainties in Remote Canadian Environments (NETCARE), measurements of the cloud condensation nucleation properties of 50 and 100 nm aerosol particles were conducted at Ucluelet on the west coast of Vancouver Island in August 2013. The overall hygroscopicity parameter of the aerosol (κambient) exhibited a wide variation, ranging from 0.14 ± 0.05 to 1.08 ± 0.40 (where the uncertainty represents the systematic error). The highest κ values arose when the organic-to-sulfate ratio of the aerosol was lowest and when winds arrived from the west after transport through the marine boundary layer. The average κambient during this time was 0.57 ± 0.16, where the uncertainty represents the standard deviation. At most other times, the air was predominantly influenced by both marine and continental emissions, which had lower average PM1 κambient values (max value, 0.41 ± 0.08). The two-day average aerosol ionic composition also showed variation, but was consistently acidic and dominated by ammonium (18–56% by mole) and sulfate (19–41% by mole), with only minor levels of sodium or chloride. Average κorg (hygroscopicity parameter for the aerosol's organic component) values were estimated using PM1 aerosol composition data and by assuming that the ratio of aerosol organic to sulfate mass is related directly to the composition of the size-selected particles.
On Approximating DSGE Models by Series Expansions

We show how to use a simple perturbation method to solve non-linear rational expectation models. Drawing from the applied mathematics literature we propose a method consisting of series expansions of the non-linear system around a known solution. The variables are represented in terms of their orders of approximation with respect to a perturbation parameter. The final solution, therefore, is the sum of the different orders. This approach links to formal arguments the idea that each order of approximation is solved recursively taking as given the lower order of approximation. Therefore, this method is not subject to the ambiguity concerning the order of the variables in the resulting state-space representation as, for example, has been discussed by Kim et al. (2008). Provided that the model is locally stable, the approximation technique discussed in this paper delivers stable solutions at any order of approximation. JEL Classification: C63, E0
Robust Automatic Parking without Odometry using an Evolutionary Fuzzy Logic Controller

This paper develops a novel automatic parking algorithm based on a fuzzy logic controller with the vehicle pose for the input and the steering rate for the output. It localizes the vehicle by using only external sensors - a vision sensor and ultrasonic sensors. Then it automatically learns an optimal fuzzy if-then rule set from the training data, using an evolutionary fuzzy system. Furthermore, it also finds the green zone for the ready-to-reverse position in which parking is possible just by reversing. It has been tested on a 4-wheeled Pioneer mobile robot which emulates the real vehicle.
Clinician Response to Remote Active Monitoring in Patients with Heart Failure : Results of the RAPID-RF Trial

Aims: Advances in remote patient monitoring (RPM) technologies enable automatic wireless transmission of radiofrequency (RF)-enabled implantable device and physiologic data that may allow for more frequent and flexible treatment regimens. We evaluated physician therapeutic interventions in response to daily remote device transmissions and weight measures in heart failure patients after cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (CRT-D) implant. Methods and results: The RAPID-RF study enrolled 891 patients from 68 US centers receiving a CRT-D device and RPM equipment consisting of a weight scale, blood pressure cuff, and wireless communicator that queried patient symptoms. The number of interventions for RPM alerts was assessed. Interventions were defined as an in-clinic, hospital, or emergency room visit as well as a telephone interaction. A total of 863 patients (male 71%, New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III 93%, age 70¡11 years, body mass index 28.9¡6.9 kg/m, ejection fraction 24¡7%, median follow-up 9.1 months) had a successful CRT-D implant (97%). A total of 268 device, arrhythmia, and weight alerts resulted in 344 interventions in 126 patients. Conclusion: Daily RPM of implantable device and weight information in CRT-D patients provides physicians data leading to therapeutic interventions on a frequent basis. Whether such interventions lead to improved patient outcomes will have to await the results of further investigation.
Characterization of river delta shorelines

Coastline shape is among the basic geometric properties of the Earth's surface, yet defining and quantifying coastline shape precisely remains challenging. Here we propose new methods, based on the dilation and erosion operators of mathematical morphology (MM), for the characterization of delta shorelines, a class of open coasts. We demonstrate the suitability of MM‐based methods for noise removal and shoreline identification from digital images of river deltas of varying geometric complexity. We also show that a global, a regional and a local shoreline parameter provide a first step in distinguishing among river, wave, and tidal dominated delta shapes.
Non-Singular Cosmology and Gauge Theories of Gravitation

The resolution of the problem of cosmological singularity in the framework of gauge theories of gravitation is discussed. Generalized cosmological Friedmann equations for homogeneous isotropic models filled by interacting scalar fields and usual gravitating matter are deduced. It is shown that generic feature of cosmological models of flat, open and closed type is their regular bouncing character.
Chapter 4 Ion Beam-Induced Self-Assembled Wrinkles

Instability of a stiff thin film attached to a compliant substrate generally results in the appearance of exquisite wrinkles with length scales that depend on the system geometry and applied stresses. Several methods have been developed for creating surface wrinkles including inducing compressive stresses/strains on a thin metal deposited on a polymer substrate, dewetting polymer, and UVO/ion beamirradiated polymeric surface. In this work, we have reviewed the formation of ion beam-induced selfassembled wrinkle patterns on polymer surfaces. Exposure to ion beam generally results in formation of a stiff skin on surface areas of a polymeric surface. The created stiff skin has strain mismatch with the polymeric surface, leading to generation of ordered surface wrinkles. By controlling the ion beam fluence and area of exposure of the poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), one can create a variety of patterns in the wavelengths in the micron to submicron range, from simple onedimensional wrinkles to peculiar and complex hierarchical nested wrinkles. The induced strains in the stiff skin can be estimated by measuring the surface length in the buckled state. The patterned surfaces have a variety of cross-disciplinary applications that range from optics and electronics to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. One novel usage of these patterns is for fabricating wrinkles with extreme topology. As an example, by using the prefabricated wrinkle pattern by ion beam, we developed wrinkles with high aspect ratio of amplitude over wavelength. Here, first the wrinkles were induced on a PDMS surface using Ar M. -W. Moon (*) • C. Kim Future Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea e-mail: mwmoon@kist.re. kr A. Vaziri Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA X. Chen (ed.), Mechanical Self-Assembly: Science and Applications, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-4562-3_4, # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013 47 ion beam irradiation. The wrinkles had a wavelength in the range of 200–1,400 nm depending on the ion treatment time. Then, an amorphous carbon film was deposited on the pre-patterned PDMS to elevate the amplitude of surface features using a glancing angle deposition.
Model separability indices for efficient dynamic simulation

This paper proposes a means to quantify the aptitude of a dynamic model to be partitioned into weakly coupled submodels. The proposal applies to both linear and nonlinear systems, is largely independent of their scale, and requires information that is easy to provide on the part of the analyst. The presented indices can be exploited in different manners, from easing numerical integration on monolithic solution platforms to tailoring distributed or co-simulation ones based on the particular characteristics of the model at hand. Examples are reported to show the usefulness and the practical viability of the proposal.
A comparison of three simple approaches to identify critical areas for runoff and dissolved reactive phosphorus losses

Diffuse phosphorus (P) losses are the main cause for eutrophication of surface waters in many regions. Implementing mitigation measures on critical source areas (CSAs) is seen to be the most effective way to reduce P losses. Thus, tools are needed that delineate CSAs on the basis of available data. We compared three models based on different approaches and sets of input data: the rainfall-runoff-phosphorus (RRP) model, the dominant runoff processes (DoRP) model, and the Sensitive Catchment Integrated Modeling Analysis Platform (SCIMAP). The RRP model is a parsimonious dynamic model using the topographic index and a binary soil classification to simulate discharge and P losses. The DoRP model distinguishes eight soil classes based on soil and geological maps. It does not account for topography when calculating runoff. SCIMAP assesses runoff risks solely on the basis of topography using the network index. Compared to surface runoff and soil moisture data available from a catchment in Switzerland, the RRP model and SCIMAP made better predictions than the DoRP model, suggesting that in our study area topography was more important for CSA delineation than soil data. Based on the results, we suggest improvements of SCIMAP to enable average risk predictions and the comparison of risk predictions between catchments.
Evasion of Host Innate Immunity by Emerging Viruses: Antagonizing Host RIG-I Pathways

Copyright: © 2017 Skuse GR, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. *Corresponding author: Gary R Skuse, Thomas H Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, 153 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, USA; E-mail: grssbi@rit.edu
Role of T-Typa calcium channels in a cellular model of stroke

Background: T-type calcium (Cav3.2) channel inhibitors prevent neuronal death during ischemia,but the cytotoxic signals have not been resolved. Results: Cav3.2 channels generate cytotoxic calcium elevations in the cytosol and mitochondria of PC12 cells deprived of oxygen and glucose. Conclusion: calcium transfer from Cav3.2 channels to mitochondria contributes to ischemic toxicity Significance: Cav3.2 channels and the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) are potential targets for the treatment of stroke.
A Bayesian linear model for the high-dimensional inverse problem of seismic tomography

We apply a linear Bayesian model to seismic tomography, a high-dimensional inverse problem in geophysics. The objective is to estimate the three-dimensional structure of the earth's interior from data measured at its surface. Since this typically involves estimating thousands of unknowns or more, it has always been treated as a linear(ized) optimization problem. Here we present a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the joint distribution of earth structural and earthquake source parameters. An ellipsoidal spatial prior allows to accommodate the layered nature of the earth's mantle. With our efficient algorithm we can sample the posterior distributions for large-scale linear inverse problems and provide precise uncertainty quantification in terms of parameter distributions and credible intervals given the data. We apply the method to a full-fledged tomography problem, an inversion for upper-mantle structure under western North America that involves more than 11,000 parameters. In studies on simulated and real data, we show that our approach retrieves the major structures of the earth's interior as well as classical least-squares minimization, while additionally providing uncertainty assessments.
Thompson, P. M. (2013) Tracking a northern fulmar from a Scottish nesting site to the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone: evidence of linkage between coastal breeding seabirds and Mid-Atlantic Ridge feeding sites. Deep-Sea

The seas above mid-ocean ridges are biodiversity hotspots in an otherwise largely oligotrophic environment, but the nature and extent of linkage between these offshore regimes and coastal ecosystems remains uncertain. Using a combination of GPS and geolocation tracking data, we show that a male fulmar, breeding on the Scottish coast, foraged over areas of persistent thermal fronts along the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone (CGFZ) of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge during the incubation period. The bird travelled over 6200 km in 14.9 days. First-passage time analysis identified seven areas of restricted search, four on the shelf and three in the vicinity of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Previous studies of incubation foraging trip durations at this site suggest that a trip of this duration is unusual, and further work is required to assess the extent to which different individuals use these offshore resources. Nevertheless, these data highlight the potential importance of high sea areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction when considering the management and conservation of seabirds breeding in NW Europe, and raises the potential for even greater linkage between the CGFZ and seabirds breeding colonies in other regions. & 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license.
Cooperative Control for Coordination Of UAVs Utilizing an Information Metric

This research focuses on evaluating a cooperative control algorithm for multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as presented in [1]. This algorithm optimizes the amount of information acquired by a group of UAVs surveying several dispersed ground targets. The algorithm assumes the aerial vehicles are equipped with Ground Moving Target Indicators which estimate the target’s bearing, range, and radial velocities. Simulated results of the algorithm are shown under different scenarios with varying initial conditions.
Understanding cyanobacteria‐zooplankton interactions in a more eutrophic world

1. We review and update recent observations of cyanobacteria-zooplankton interactions, identify theoretical and methodological limitations and evaluate approaches necessary for understanding the effects of increasing cyanobacterial blooms on plankton dynamics. 2. The emphasis on oversimplified studies using large-bodied Daphnia species, not previously exposed to cyanobacteria, has limited our understanding of how the plankton responds to proliferating blooms. This overlooks the great diversity in zooplankton traits, and the adaptability of planktonic grazers, that enables them to deal with toxic prey. 3. Under increasing temperature and nutrient loading, the zooplankton will be subjected to increasingly intense selection pressure to tolerate cyanobacteria. Short zooplankton generation times suggest that increased blooms may select for the rapid evolution of behavioural and physiological traits that improve tolerance. 4. As eutrophication intensifies, should we expect physiologically tolerant zooplankton that may be able to control blooms, or be concerned with the effects of selective grazers in stabilising blooms? 5. We conclude that the increasing frequency, duration and intensity of blooms will select for better adapted zooplankton that coexist with, rather than control, cyanobacteria. Future evaluations of cyanobacteria-zooplankton interactions should consider that increasing exposure to blooms induces phenotypic and genotypic traits improving zooplankton tolerance. Equally important will be studies of the ecophysiology of zooplankton species that coexist with prolonged blooms, rather than those of a few large-bodied generalist cladocerans. 6. Since cyanobacteria produce more than one toxic or inhibitory metabolite, the unsystematic designation of toxicity based on single well-identified compounds (e.g. microcystin) should be revised. 7. Overall, the coevolutionary interaction between cyanobacterial defences and zooplankton grazer responses emerges as a critical but understudied regulator of bloom dynamics. (Less)
Microstructural Investigation of the Aging Behavior of (3Y‐TZP)–Al2O3 Composites

The low-temperature autoclave aging behavior of zirconia-toughened alumina composites processed by a classical powder mixing processing route was analyzed using atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The transformation was evaluated in terms of nucleation and growth, assessed by XRD. The time–temperature equivalency of the transformation was used to measure an apparent activation energy of the nucleation stage of the transformation of 78 kJ/mol. The microstructural features influencing the transformation were identified, and the influence of the alumina matrix on the transformation was investigated. Transformation progression grain by grain was observed by AFM. Transformation does not only occur in zirconia agglomerates but also in isolated zirconia grains. The matrix could partially inhibit the transformation. This behavior could be rationalized considering the constraining effect of the alumina matrix, shape strain accommodation arguments, and microstructural homogeneity effects.
Universal front propagation in the quantum Ising chain with domain-wall initial states

We study the melting of domain walls in the ferromagnetic phase of the transverse Ising chain, created by flipping the order-parameter spins along one-half of the chain. If the initial state is excited by a local operator in terms of Jordan-Wigner fermions, the resulting longitudinal magnetization profiles have a universal character. Namely, after proper rescalings, the profiles in the noncritical Ising chain become identical to those obtained for a critical free-fermion chain starting from a step-like initial state. The relation holds exactly in the entire ferromagnetic phase of the Ising chain and can even be extended to the zero-field XY model by a duality argument. In contrast, for domain-wall excitations that are highly non-local in the fermionic variables, the universality of the magnetization profiles is lost. Nevertheless, for both cases we observe that the entanglement entropy asymptotically saturates at the ground-state value, suggesting a simple form of the steady state.
THE HOMOTOPY GROUPS OF tmf AND OF ITS LOCALIZATIONS

(1) π∗(S) −→ π∗(tmf ) −→ MF∗ The map from π∗(S) captures information about the torsion part of π∗(tmf ), while the second map is almost an isomorphism between the non-torsion part of π∗(tmf ) and MF∗. The first map in (1) is the Hurewicz homomorphism. Since tmf is a ring spectrum, it admits a unit map from the sphere spectrum S. This induces a map in homotopy π∗(S) → π∗(tmf ), which is an isomorphism on π0, π1, . , π6. The only torsion in π∗(tmf ) is 2-torsion and 3-torsion; it is at those primes that tmf resembles the sphere spectrum. The 3-primary part of the Hurewicz image is 72-periodic and is given by
D 5.16: Publications on Bayesian models of multimodal perception of 3D structure and motion

In this text we will formalise a novel solution, the Bayesian Volumetric Map (BVM), as a framework for a metric, short-term, egocentric spatial memory for multimodal perception of 3D structure and motion. This solution will enable the implementation of top-down mechanisms of attention guidance of perception towards areas of high entropy/uncertainty, so as to promote active exploration of the environment by the robotic perceptual system. In the process, we will to try address the inherent challenges of visual, auditory and vestibular sensor fusion through the BVM. In fact, it is our belief that perceptual systems are unable to yield truly useful descriptions of their environment without resorting to a temporal series of sensory fusion processed on a short-term memory such as the BVM.
Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing Emerald Article: Choice of Subcontractor in Markets with Asymmetric Information: Reputation and Price Effects

Purpose – Buyers assessing bids from suppliers of experience services face both an adverse selection and a potential moral hazard problem. The purpose of this study is to examine the relative importance of various signals of supplier reputation conveying information about unobserved supplier quality, which is important for identifying the best tender; and whether price is contingent on supplier reputation and on buyer's quality sensitiveness in a competitive bidding situation.Design/methodology/approach – This study builds on a conjoint experiment where 19 contractors consider alternative scenarios representing tenders from subcontractors of plumbing services. In the scenarios the subcontractors differ on their reputation and price variables, while the contractors differ in their quality sensitiveness. Multiple regressions analyzes the contingent price effects.Findings – Although low price is generally important for subcontractor selection, quality‐sensitive buyers are willing to pay subcontractors a pric.
Security Analysis of Integrated Diffie-Hellman Digital Signature Algorithm Protocols

Diffie-Hellman (DH) key exchange is a well known method for secure exchange of cryptographic keys and has been widely used in popular Internet protocols, such as IPsec, TLS, and SSH. To enable authenticated key establishment, the DH protocol has been integrated with the digital signature algorithm (DSA). In this paper, we analyze three variants of the integrated DH-DSA protocol. We study the protocol variants with respect to known types of attacks and security features. In particular, the focus is on the properties of forward secrecy, known-key security, and replay attack resilience.