Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the performance of interference-aware receiver in the presence of channel estimation error

In the pursuit of ever increasing demand of higher data rates, modern wireless communication systems are resorting to tighter frequency reuse patterns thereby leading to interference-limited systems. Recently proposed interference-aware receiver [1] is a low complexity and efficient receiver design for interference mitigation in cellular systems. However this advanced receiver necessitates the channel knowledge of both the desired and interfering signals which may not be available in a practical system. In this paper, we investigate the performance of interference-aware receiver under imperfect channel state information (CSI). We consider uncorrelated Rayleigh flat fading channels and model the estimation error as independent complex Gaussian random variables. We derive upper bound on the pair wise error probability (PEP) and show that the interference-aware receiver is characterized by full diversity in the presence of channel estimation errors. We compare the performance of interference-aware receiver with that of MMSE receiver and show that the degradation in the performance of MMSE receiver is much more pronounced than that of interference-aware receiver under imperfect CSI.
STUDY OF UNCLASSIFIED ACID-FAST BACILLI AND STRAINS OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS BY INOCULATION OF THE CISTERNA MAGNA OF GUINEA PIGS

The basal cistern is a responsive testing ground for virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis when the organism is injected in saline culture suspension (Brown and Harris, Am. Rev. Tuberc. 76:426, 1957). Strains of acid-fast bacilli not previously studied were investigated to determine the pattern of tissue response, survival time, viability of the acid-fast bacilli in vivo, and relationship of these factors to virulence. Inoculum. Cultures grown for 3 to 4 weeks were harvested and homogenized by shaking with glass beads for 15 min, then were diluted with physiological salt solution to make approximately 1 mg per ml. The leptomeninges of guinea pigs weighing from 180 to 200 g were infected with 0.1 ml of this culture suspension. Animal experiments. The experiments were designed to determine the physiological response of the animals to different strains of acid-fast bacilli isolated at this laboratory and cultures received from other institutions; 36 strains of M. tuberculosis, 78 scotochromogens, and 50 nonphotochromogens, 27 of which definitely belonged to Runyon's group III, were studied. The 36 specimens of M. tuberculosis were tested in 1955-1960 in 51 animals; 25 proved to be virulent when injected by both the intracisternal and intramuscular routes. Six were tested by the former route only. These animals all developed tuberculous meningitis. Five tested by both routes induced equivocal response by the intracisternal route and definite tuberculosis via the intramuscular route. Since the granulomatous lesions did not contain acid-fast bacilli, these five strains were reinjected intracisternally; all animals developed tuberculous leptomeningitis. The 78 scotochromogens were tested in 170 animals. These strains usually are not significantly active on intramuscular inoculation of guinea pigs. Abscesses have been found occasionally in the regional lymph nodes, but more often at the site of injection. The animals live the full 8 weeks of observation, usually gaining weight. The 78 strains were injected intracisternally to determine whether a lesion of the leptomeninges would be induced, which might be confused with the pathological changes induced by low-virulence strains of M. tuberculosis (Brown and Clark, N. Y. State Dept. Health, Ann. Rept. Div. Labs. and Research, 1959, p. 8).
Effects of bacillus calmette‐guerin on cytotoxic activities of peripheral blood lymphocytes against human T24 lined and freshly isolated autologous urinary bladder transitional carcinoma cells in patients with urinary bladder cancer

The effects of bacillus Calmette‐Guerin (BCG) on the cytotoxic activities of peripheral blood lymphocytes against human T24 lined and freshly separated autologous urinary bladder transitional carcinoma cells in patients with urinary bladder cancer were analyzed in a 12‐hour chromium 51 (51Cr) release assay. The results of this study indicate that BCG activates the tumor killing system through stimulation of effector cells and elevation of target cell susceptibility in patients with urinary bladder cancer, suggesting that BCG‐augmented cytotoxicity may be oriented specifically to urinary bladder cancer cells. This could explain the remarkable clinical benefits of intravesical instillation of BCG against urinary bladder cancer.
Reversal of Liver Fibrosis: A Review

Liver fibrosis is the final pathway for most chronic liver disease and is the main reason for increased mortality in affected patients. The extent of liver fibrosis displays great individual variation, even after controlling for age (at infection), gender & exogenous factors. Thus, host genetic factors are likely to play an important role in the process of liver scarring. (Weber et al., 2008). Inflammation is strongly associated with chronic liver injury, and fibrosis is part of the liver’s wound-healing response. Inflammation represents the driving force for the progressive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, eventually leading to liver cirrhosis and hepatic failure. Although even acute injury will activate mechanisms of fibrogenesis, the sustained signals of inflammation associated with chronic liver disease caused by infection, drugs, metabolic disorders, or immune attacks are required for significant fibrosis to accumulate. Cirrhosis is the result of many liver diseases and consists of fibrosis and regenerating nodules. Clinical presentations vary from asymptomatic to advanced end stage liver diseases with complications. In addition, a significant need exists for developing safe and accurate noninvasive technique for detecting progression or regression of hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease (Fallowfield JA et al., 2006). The past few years have seen remarkable progress in the field of liver fibrosis, including understanding the crosstalk between innate immunity and inflammatory cells & pathways regulating fibrosis regression. This article will review recent advances in this field as well as imaging and diagnostic test of liver fibrosis.
Arthroscopic shoulder surgery with epinephrine saline irrigation.

PURPOSE To determine whether dilute epinephrine saline irrigation (0.33 mg/L) delivered by a pressure-controlled pump would significantly reduce intraoperative bleeding during routine arthroscopic shoulder surgery and, in addition, to investigate potential adverse cardiovascular reactions of adding epinephrine to the irrigation fluid. TYPE OF STUDY Prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. METHODS Fifty-four patients requiring arthroscopic shoulder surgery were randomly assigned to either an epinephrine group that received dilute epinephrine irrigation by a pressure-controlled pump or to a placebo group that received plain saline irrigation by a pressure-controlled pump. Intraoperative, intra-articular bleeding was estimated by multiplying the total volume of the irrigation fluid used with the hemoglobin concentration in the irrigation fluid. Postoperatively, the surgeon rated the clarity of the visual field during the arthroscopy by a visual analogy scale. RESULTS Intraoperative bleeding was significantly reduced (P =.008) and the clarity of the visual field was significantly better (P =.0007) in the group of patients receiving dilute epinephrine irrigation compared with the group of patients without epinephrine added to the irrigation fluid. CONCLUSIONS The addition of epinephrine to irrigation fluid seems to reduce intra-articular bleeding during routine arthroscopic shoulder surgery and may improve visualization. Furthermore, no cardiovascular adverse reactions were observed resulting from the intra-articular epinephrine administration.
72‐HOUR PRESERVATION OF THE CANINE PANCREAS

A new flushout solution for preservation of the pancreas was tested in the dog model of segmental pancreas autotransplantation. The solution osmolality was 320 mOsm/L, K+=120 mM, Na+=30 mM, and it contained the anion, lactobionate, and raffinose as impermeants to the cell. Preservation times studied were 48 and 72 hr. The pancreas was flushed out with about 250 ml of the new solution and stored at 0°C. Dogs were monitored postoperatively for blood glucose and intravenous glucose tolerance (IVGTT). Results were compared with control (no preservation) segmental pancreas autotransplants. Dogs receiving pancreases stored for 48 or 72 hr were normoglycemic on day one and remained normoglycemic for at least 28 days, or until time of sacrifice. Two of four dogs with pancreases stored for 48 hr were sacrificed on day 14 with normal IVGTT for histology. The remaining two dogs had normal pancreatic function for 28 days. Two of eight dogs receiving pancreas grafts after 72-hr cold storage died of causes unrelated to the pancreas graft, which was still functioning at the time of death. Six dogs remained normoglycemic and had a normal IVGTT at least for 28 days. This study demonstrates the feasibility of preserving the pancreas for three days for transplantation.
Silicon detector for a Compton camera in nuclear medical imaging

Electronically collimated gamma cameras based on Compton scattering in silicon pad sensors may improve imaging in nuclear medicine and bio-medical research. The work described here concentrates on the silicon pad detector for a prototype Compton camera. The silicon pad sensors are read out using low noise VLSI CMOS chips and novel fast triggering chips. Depending on the application a light weight and dense packaging of sensors and its readout electronics on a hybrid is required. The authors describe the silicon pad sensor and their readout on the newly designed hybrid. They also present a modular and low-cost data acquisition system (CCDAQ) based on a digital signal processor which is interfaced to the EPP port of widely available personal computers. Using the CCDAQ and the hybrids energy spectra of gamma-ray photons from technetium (/sub 43//sup 99m/Tc) an americium (/sub 95//sup 241/Am) were acquired with an energy resolution of 2.45 keV FWHM for the 140.5 keV photo-absorption line of /sub 43//sup 99m/Tc. For all pads the discrimination threshold in the trigger chip was between (15 and 25) keV.
Epidemiology of leptospirosis: an Indian perspective

Leptospirosis is one of the most recognized zoonotic diseases around the world and has been reported from every continent inhabited by man. In recent years the disease has assumed considerable significance being increasingly involved in cases of abortions, repeat breeding and other reproductive problems in livestock resulting in huge economic losses. Leptospirosis is known to be endemic in India since the early 20 th century with most outbreaks reported from the coastal regions of the Indian peninsula and the Andaman Islands. The transmission cycle of leptospirosis involves the maintenance hosts, the carrier hosts, the environment and human beings. The carrier animals in India include rats, pigs, cattle, bandicoots and dogs. With almost every known species of rodent, marsupial and mammal a potential carrier and/or excretor of leptospires, proper understanding of the epidemiological features of these organisms is a critical step in designing interventions for diminishing the risk of the disease transmission. Intervention strategies include vaccination, rodent control, and improved environmental hygiene to eliminate possibility of water, soil and food contamination. Mass awareness or public education is of utmost importance.
Low to moderate quality evidence demonstrates the potential benefits and adverse events of cannabinoids for certain medical indications

Commentary on : Whiting PF, Wolff RF, Deshpande S, et al. Cannabinoids for medical use: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 2015;313:2456–73. [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3] As of September 2015, 23 states and the District of Columbia in the USA legalised the medicinal use of marijuana, underscoring the need for physicians to understand the science underlying medical marijuana as well as the practical issues associated with it. For years policymakers, scientists and physicians alike have debated the potential risks associated with marijuana use.1 Now marijuana's utility as a treatment for certain medical indications has taken focus. Patients are turning to physicians to answer marijuana-related questions and to learn about its potential risks and benefits.2 This review examines the potential benefits along with associated adverse events (AEs) of cannabinoids, in different forms, for various … [1]: {openurl}? query=rft.jtitle%253DJAMA%26rft.volume%253D313%26rft.spage%253D2456%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1001%252Fjama.2015. 6358%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F26103030%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref? access_num=10.1001/jama.2015. 6358&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref? access_num=26103030&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F21%2F1%2F17.atom
Systematic review of the relationship between quick returns in rotating shift work and health-related outcomes

A systematic literature search was carried out to investigate the relationship between quick returns (i.e. 11.0 hours or less between two consecutive shifts) and outcome measures of health, sleep, functional ability and work–life balance. A total of 22 studies published in 21 articles were included. Three types of quick returns were differentiated (from evening to morning/day, night to evening, morning/day to night shifts) where sleep duration and sleepiness appeared to be differently affected depending on which shifts the quick returns occurred between. There were some indications of detrimental effects of quick returns on proximate problems (e.g. sleep, sleepiness and fatigue), although the evidence of associations with more chronic outcome measures (physical and mental health and work–life balance) was inconclusive. Practitioner Summary: Modern societies are dependent on people working shifts. This study systematically reviews literature on the consequences of quick returns (11.0 hours or less between two shifts). Quick returns have detrimental effects on acute health problems. However, the evidence regarding effects on chronic health is inconclusive.
Chapter 8 The Importance of Biofilms in Chronic Rhinosinusitis

There is mounting evidence that bacterial and possibly fungal biofilms play an important role in the etiology and persistence of Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS). CRS affects nearly 16–25% of the US population each year, with billions of dollars of annual healthcare expenditures dedicated to its treatment (Gliklich and Metson 1995). Unfortunately, the recalcitrant nature of the disease, which often exhibits a chronic relapsing course, significantly contributes to these healthcare costs. The reasons for the persistent nature of the disease are likely secondary to a number of underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms. Asthma, allergic rhinitis, Gram-positive and Gram-negative infections, aspirin-sensitive asthma, fungus, osteitis, nasal polyposis, superantigens, and other factors have been implicated as etiologies contributing to the development of CRS. The chronic inflammation that develops as a fundamental hallmark of the disease can both cause and be a consequence of dysfunctional mucociliary clearance. Ultimately, stasis of sinonasal secretions will lead to subsequent infection and/or persistent inflammation. In some cases, persistent and recurrent infections occur despite multiple therapeutic interventions for CRS. These chronic infections often involve a particularly resistant form of microbial growth that is manifested by communities of bacteria called biofilm.
Title Characterization of multiple ion channels in cultured humancardiac fibroblasts

Background: Although fibroblast-to-myocyte electrical coupling is experimentally suggested, electrophysiology of cardiac fibroblasts is not as well established as contractile cardiac myocytes. The present study was therefore designed to characterize ion channels in cultured human cardiac fibroblasts. Methods and Findings: A whole-cell patch voltage clamp technique and RT-PCR were employed to determine ion channels expression and their molecular identities. We found that multiple ion channels were heterogeneously expressed in human cardiac fibroblasts. These include a big conductance Ca-activated K current (BKCa) in most (88%) human cardiac fibroblasts, a delayed rectifier K current (IKDR) and a transient outward K + current (Ito) in a small population (15 and 14%, respectively) of cells, an inwardly-rectifying K current (IKir) in 24% of cells, and a chloride current (ICl) in 7% of cells under isotonic conditions. In addition, two types of voltage-gated Na currents (INa) with distinct properties were present in most (61%) human cardiac fibroblasts. One was a slowly inactivated current with a persistent component, sensitive to tetrodotoxin (TTX) inhibition (INa.TTX, IC50 = 7.8 nM), the other was a rapidly inactivated current, relatively resistant to TTX (INa.TTXR, IC50 = 1.8 mM). RT-PCR revealed the molecular identities (mRNAs) of these ion channels in human cardiac fibroblasts, including KCa.1. 1 (responsible for BKCa), Kv1.5, Kv1.6 (responsible for IKDR), Kv4.2, Kv4.3 (responsible for Ito), Kir2.1, Kir2.3 (for IKir), Clnc3 (for ICl), NaV1.2, NaV1.3, NaV1.6, NaV1.7 (for INa.TTX), and NaV1.5 (for INa.TTXR). Conclusions: These results provide the first information that multiple ion channels are present in cultured human cardiac fibroblasts, and suggest the potential contribution of these ion channels to fibroblast-myocytes electrical coupling. Citation: Li G-R, Sun H-Y, Chen J-B, Zhou Y, Tse H-F, et al. (2009) Characterization of Multiple Ion Channels in Cultured Human Cardiac Fibroblasts. PLoS ONE 4(10): e7307. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0007307 Editor: Alicia J. Kowaltowski, Instituto de Quı́mica, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil Received May 18, 2009; Accepted September 14, 2009; Published October 6, 2009 Copyright: 2009 Li et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: This study was supported by a General Research Fund (HKU 7603/06M) from Research Grant Council of Hong Kong. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: grli@hkucc.hku. hk
Local solubility and height bounds for coverings of elliptic curves

We study genus one curves that arise as 2-, 3- and 4-coverings of elliptic curves. We describe efficient algorithms for testing local solubility and modify the classical formulae for the covering maps so that they work in all characteristics. These ingredients are then combined to give explicit bounds relating the height of a rational point on one of the covering curves to the height of its image on the elliptic curve. We use our results to improve the existing methods for searching for rational points on elliptic curves.
Comparison of non-linear magnetic modelling techniques for an open slotted axial flux eddy current brake

This paper presents comparison of non-linear magnetic modelling techniques for an axial flux open slotted eddy current brake. Dynamic modelling of a designed axial flux open slotted eddy current brake having single rotor single stator is described. The magnetic and electrical properties of dynamic modelling which are effected the braking torque are explained. Magnetic modelling of a designed eddy current brake is investigated over one symmetrical flux path. Jakobi, Gauss-Siedel and Newton-Raphson non-linear modelling techniques are also examined. These techniques are explained and non-linear magnetic modelling flow chart is provided. Results obtained from non-linear modelling techniques are compared with 3-D finite element analysis and test results. Results show that Newton-Raphson method gives more reasonable result then Jakobi and Gauss-Siedel methods at high non-linear conditions.
Software Reliability Models

The reliability is one very important parameter of electronic devices, hardware, and applications software. We review in this paper basic reliability terms, software reliability models -predictive models, assessment models. We try to explain basic principles of software reliability models, their practical using in technical activities. We show also key assumptions on which software reliability models are based, specific assumptions related to each specific software reliability model and some examples of concrete software reliability models. In conclusions there are summary of knowledge about software reliability models.
2.5D Silicon optical interposer for 400 Gbps electronic-photonic integrated circuit platform packaging

We demonstrate a 2.5D silicon optical interposer for the integration of multi-channel optical transceiver (TRx) operating at 50 Gbps/ch and more. It completes optical transceiver by flip-chip bonding the photonic ICs (PIC) such as Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) and Germanium-photodetector (Ge-PD), and electronic ICs (EIC) such as modulator driver and trans-impedance amplifier (TIA). In this study daisy chains of PICs and EICs are flip-chip bonded using wafer-level fabricated Cu-pillar μ-bumps. The optimally designed transmission line on the interposer shows insertion loss (S21) less than 1.5dB up to 50 GHz for the length of 8 mm. For the transmitter (Tx) packaged with PICs and EICs whose transmission line length is two times longer than that of packaged Rx shows less than 10dB of insertion loss up to 50 GHz. The packaged Tx successfully demonstrates eye diagram at 50 Gbps. Total data rate can increase to 400 Gbps and 800 Gbps and more by increasing the channel numbers.
Sex differences in nociceptive withdrawal reflex and pain perception

Experimentally induced pain often reveals sex differences, with higher pain sensitivity in females. The degree of differences has been shown to depend on the stimulation and assessment methods. Since sex differences in pain develop anywhere along the physiological and psychological components of the nociceptive system, we intended to compare the nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR) as a more physiological (spinal) aspect of pain procession to the verbal pain report of intensity and unpleasantness as the more psychological (cortical) aspect. Twenty female and twenty male healthy university students were investigated by use of nociceptive flexion reflex threshold (staircase method) after electrical stimulation of the N. suralis. Furthermore, we assessed supra-threshold reflex responses (latency, amplitude and area) by applying 10 stimuli 5 mA above reflex threshold. Following each stimulation, the subjects provided pain ratings of intensity and unpleasantness on a visual analogue scale. Females exhibited marked lower nociceptive flexion reflex thresholds than males, while the supra-threshold reflex response tailored to the individual reflex threshold did not show any significant differences. The verbal pain ratings, corrected for NFR threshold, were not found to differ significantly. The large sex differences in nociception that were present in NFR threshold but not in the pain ratings corroborate the hypothesis that spinal processes contribute substantially to sex differences in pain procession.