Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Liver abscesses in cattle: A review of incidence in Holsteins and of bacteriology and vaccine approaches to control in feedlot cattle.

Liver abscesses are the primary liver abnormality of feedlot cattle at slaughter. The incidence of liver abscesses is highly variable, but generally ranges from 10% to 20%. The incidence of total and the proportion of severely abscessed livers (A+) are greater in Holsteins fed for beef production and culled dairy cows than in beef breeds. The reason for the greater incidence of liver abscesses in Holstein steers is not known, but one of the reasons is likely because of increased days on feed. The high prevalence in cull cows is likely because no specific intervention, such as use of tylosin in the feed, is approved for use in dairy cows. Liver abscesses are generally a sequela to ruminal acidosis and rumenitis in cattle fed diets high in readily-fermentable carbohydrates and low in roughages; thus, the term "acidosis-rumenitis-liver abscess complex. " Liver abscesses are almost always polymicrobial infections with Gram negative anaerobes constituting the predominant flora. Almost all studies have concluded that , a ruminal bacterium, is the primary causative agent and (formerly ) is the secondary pathogen. A limited number of studies have been done on the bacterial flora of liver abscesses of culled dairy cows and Holstein feedlot steers. A recent study has reported on isolation of from liver abscesses of Holstein cattle. The control of liver abscesses in feedlot cattle has depended on the use of antibiotics, particularly tylosin, in the feed combined with sound nutritional management to minimize occurrence of acidosis and subsequent rumenitis. Although there is no evidence of resistance development in , the future of tylosin use as a feed additive in feedlot cattle is uncertain. Regardless, beginning January 2017, the use of tylosin in feedlot cattle for the prevention of liver abscesses will be under veterinary oversight. Although tylosin is widely used in the feedlot industry, there is considerable interest in evaluating antibiotic alternatives, such as essential oils and vaccines, to control liver abscesses. Because liver abscess is a bacterial infection and the pathogenicity and virulence factors of have been studied widely, there have been considerable interest and efforts to develop an efficacious vaccine. The 2 antigens that have been targeted for vaccine production are leukotoxin and outer membrane proteins of .
A model in mice for experimental leishmaniasis with a West African strain of Leishmania tropica.

Abstract Outbred albino mice infected on the nose and in one foot pad were used as a model for the study of a newly isolated strain of Leishmania tropica from West Africa. The development of local lesions following the inoculation of 107, 105, and 103 amastigotes, respectively, was recorded at weekly intervals through four subsequent animal passages. In addition, the course of infection was followed in four different inbred strains of mice. The specificity and possible spread of infection were checked microscopically by smear preparations and by inoculation of tissue material into NNN medium. Samples for histopathological examination were obtained at different time intervals after the day of infection. The incubation period varied from 2–7 weeks depending upon the size of inoculum. Generally, the mice developed local swelling and, frequently, ulceration at the sites of inoculation. After a few weeks of progress, the lesions assumed a more chronic state, lasting for months without obvious impact on the general health of the mouse. However, the individual response to the infection varied considerably within each group. Histopathologically, parasitized macrophages and polymorphonuclear leucocytes dominated during the first weeks, whereas at later stages of the lesions lymphocytes and plasma cells prevailed. The BALB/c mice differed from the other mouse strains under study by developing a progressive, ultimately fatal infection. Splenomegaly was prominent in the BALB/c mice, whereas clinical signs of generalized infection were missing in the other mouse strains. However, the latter strains also harbored leishmanial parasites in internal organs, as demonstrable by NNN-culture. The study underlines the value of mice for experimental investigations on L. tropica.
PA21: a novel phosphate binder for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in chronic kidney disease.

AIM Limitations of conventional phosphate binders have led to the development of novel non-calcium, non-aluminium agents for use in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The iron-based agent PA21 (stabilized polynuclear iron(III)-oxyhydroxide) has high phosphate binding capacity in vitro. This study was undertaken to investigate the uptake of iron after oral administration of PA21 in order to identify any potential risk of iron overload in the clinical setting, and to obtain a preliminary assessment of the effect of PA21 on serum phosphate levels prior to larger trials over a longer treatment period. MATERIALS AND METHODS An open-label, Phase I study was undertaken in which PA21 10 g/day was administered for 7 days to 8 nondialysis-dependent CKD patients (Stages 3 - 4), 8 maintenance hemodialysis patients and 8 healthy subjects. In addition, a single dose of radiolabeled PA21 was administered to determine iron uptake. RESULTS Median iron uptake (range) was 0.06% (0.008 - 0.44%), 0.02% (0 - 0.04%) and 0.43% (0.16% - 1.25%) in the nondialysis-dependent CKD patients, hemodialysis patients and healthy subjects, respectively. Serum phosphate level decreased over the 7-day treatment period in the nondialysis patients (1.44 + or - 0.29 mmol/l to 1.10 + or - 0.27 mmol/l, p < 0.01) and the hemodialysis patients (2.85 + or - 0.78 mmol/l to 2.25 + or - 0.85 mmol/, p < 0.01). The most common adverse event was diarrhea (n = 9); all cases were mild to moderate. CONCLUSION Findings from this short-term study indicate that PA21 may be an efficacious and well-tolerated phosphate binder with low iron uptake that may offer a promising alternative to existing hyperphosphatemia therapies. These results will need to be confirmed with longer-term, controlled studies.
Pseudo Wire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3) Architecture

This document describes an architecture for Pseudo Wire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3). It discusses the emulation of services such as Frame Relay, ATM, Ethernet, TDM, and SONET/SDH over packet switched networks (PSNs) using IP or MPLS. It presents the architectural framework for pseudo wires (PWs), defines terminology, and specifies the various protocol elements and their functions. This memo provides information for the Internet community.
Ag alloy wire characteristic and benefits

Gold wire has been high volume production in IC packaging industry. With soaring price of gold in recent years and IC packaging search for cost reduction, copper wire offers 2nd alternative for wire bonding type assembly. But copper wire has drawbacks in control issues such as pad crack, aluminum splash, cratering and low throughput, Cu wire need a more complex multi-processing program to solve above problems, even if copper raw material cost is low, that cause the process costs are increased These limitations of copper wire are related to pad thickness and structure. Silver alloy wire can emerge as 3rd alternative as the cost can compete with copper and the properties of silver are nearly identical to gold while in the die to die package which benefits will be more apparent Many Study had performed for Silver alloy wire (88% & 95%), included the general workability, wire pull, ball shear, Al splash, pad-to-pad bonding. To get good workability result, Silver alloy wire properties have been studied and done the DOE to determine the best material properties windows. The key properties included the element composition and elongation, hardness, etc. IMC is another key point for the reliability performance, with the DOE of best wire bonding parameters, the IMC structure was analyzed with different condition of lead-frame based, substrate based. Combined with process flow and compound material types, IMC behavior has been observed. Electron Migration study had been performed as well to check if any side effect for Silver alloy wire bonding. Experiment results showed Silver Alloy wire bonding has better performance than copper. Silver alloy wire can be the mainstream to replace gold and copper wire, especially in pad-to-pad wire bonding type.
Re-Architecting DRAM Memory Systems with 3 D Integration and Photonic Interfaces

In recent years, due to well-known “memory-wall” limitations, DRAM latency and energy/bit characteristics have not improved as rapidly as DRAM capacity and bandwidth with technology scaling. Despite plenty of research efforts during the last decade to overcome the hurdles in DRAM scaling, high performance computing systems of the future will still require improvements in DRAM latency and bandwidth within stringent power constraints. In this paper, firstly we establish the need for reinventing DRAM architectures by identifying the limiting features of several state-of-the-art DRAM architectures. Then we discuss some useful features of 3D integration and photonic interfaces that have the potential to greatly improve the performance and energy of future DRAMs. Finally, we present a novel optically-interfaced 3D-DRAM architecture with 3D data organization, which achieves 4.4× improvement in performance and 83.8% reduction in per-bit energy on average over 3D-DRAM architectures from prior work.
Active learning for Turkish sentiment analysis

Sentiment analysis/classification is a widely studied problem of natural language processing and data mining. With the availability of social media, there are a lot of data but it's hard to find a labeled training set because of its high cost. The goal of active learning is to get a better or same performance with fewer training data. In this work, the feasibility of active learning scheme for Turkish sentiment analysis is investigated. As a result, the same performance with full training set could be obtained with only half of the training set selected by active learning. Moreover, the affects of different clustering algorithms used at the initial set selection are investigated.
Relative and total volume of histological components in benign prostatic hyperplasia: Relationships between histological components and clinical findings

To investigate the correlation between histological differences and clinical findings in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), quantitative morphometrical analysis on prostate was performed on 26 specimens obtained by TURP. The relative and total volume of each histological component were obtained. In this series, the proportion of fibrous tissue element showed a weak positive correlation with prostatic volume (r = 0.499, P = 0.0087). The relative volume of the smooth muscle component showed an inverse correlation with prostatic volume (r = −0.488, P = 0.0105). Patient age and symptom score showed no relationship with the relative volume of histological components. The total volume of all histological components increased with prostatic volume. However, an increase in the fibrous tissue element appeared to be predominant in prostatic enlargement (r = 0.970, P < 0.0001). Although the total volume of all histological components increased with prostatic size, fibrous tissue appeared to play a major role in prostatic enlargement in BPH. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How Travelers Use Online and Social Media Channels to Make Hotel Choice Decisions. A Comparative Study of Russian Federation and American Tourists’ Online Consumer Behavior

Over the last decades, the global hospitality and tourism (or H&T) industry has undergone dramatic changes. Among the factors stimulating the growth of the H&T industry, the spread of information and communication technologies (ICTs) and social media should be emphasized. The same trends characterize the Russian H&T industry as well. However, despite the significant role of social media in the Russian H&T industry, there is still a lack of understanding of Russian H&T customers’ behavior. The current study aims to fill this gap and demonstrates how Russian travelers use social media to make hotel choice decisions and share their experiences on social media after their travel is completed. In order to deliver a more thorough revealing of Russian travel consumers’ peculiarities and to discover if there is Russian uniqueness, the online behavior of American and Russian travelers is compared in this paper.
Dose-Response and Time Course of Effect of Rocuronium in Male and Female Anesthetized Patients

To determine differences from dose-response and time-course of rocuronium between male and female patients, 60 adult patients (30 male and 30 female), ASA grade I, aged 17-52 yr, undergoing elective plastic surgery were studied. Anesthesia was maintained with 60% nitrous oxide in oxygen, thiopental, and incremental doses of fentanyl as required. Neuromuscular function was assessed mechanomyographically with train-of-four (TOF) stimulation at the wrist every 12 s, and the percentage depression of the T1 response was used as the study variable. The dose-response relationship of rocuronium was determined by a cumulative dose-response technique. The results showed that the dose-response curve of rocuronium in the men was shifted to the right, indicating a decrease in the sensitivity to rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block versus the women. The 50%, 90%, and 95% effective doses of rocuronium were 178.4 +/- 53.7, 358.7 +/- 101.3, and 386.2 +/- 113.4 micro g/kg, respectively, in male patients, and 128.8 +/- 42.5, 252.8 +/- 51.7, and 274.4 +/- 59.4 micro g/kg in female patients. After an intravenous administration of total dose of 400 micro g/kg rocuronium, neuromuscular block was significantly longer in the men than in the women. The duration of peak effect, clinical duration, and total duration were 6.5 +/- 3.0,12.5 +/- 4.9, and 33.6 +/- 8.7 min, respectively, in male patients, and 11.8 +/- 2.7, 18.5 +/- 5.3, and 46.8 +/- 9.6 min in female patients. We conclude that women were approximately 30% more sensitive to rocuronium compared with men. Implications: The authors found that women were 30% more sensitive to rocuronium than men. This suggests that the routine dose of rocuronium should be reduced in women compared with men. (Anesth Analg 1997;85:667-71)
Research on the Low Power Dissipation of Pipeline ADC

A design of 50 MHz, 10 bits, 5 V pipeline ADC is introduced in this thesis. The comparator and OTA are the main improvements aiming at realizing low power dissipation. The dynamic comparator and telescopic OTA are adopted to achieve the specification. The design is implemented under 0.5 mum CMOS technology which achieves a power dissipation of 190 mW at 50 MHz sampling rate.
Autoradiographic investigations of glial proliferation in the brain of adult mice. II. Cycle time and mode of proliferation of neuroglia and endothelial cells

The cycle time of the proliferating glial cells outside the subependymal layer of the lateral ventricle as well as that of endothelial cells was studied autoradiographically in the brains of adult and untreated mice. To determine the mean cycle time two independent methods were used. A mean cycle time of about 20 hours was obtained for glial and endothelial cells from the decrease of the mean grain number/nucleus as a function of time after tritiated thymidine (3H‐TdR) injection.
X-Ray Inspection-Induced Latent Damage in DRAM

For quality verification, an X-ray inspection process is commonly being used for evaluating obscured and defective solder joints in surface mount technologies such as BGA's and flip chips. Integrated circuits subjected to any form of radiation, ionizing or non-ionizing, may incur some amount of damage depending on the absorbed dose. Though most X-ray inspections for high-quality imaging require ionizing dose amounts that are considered inconsequential for device failure or non-functionality, the degree of latent damage must be carefully considered. This paper discusses X-ray induced vulnerabilities of high-density DRAM exposed to low ionizing radiation levels typical in X-ray inspection systems. We look at critical parameters and their sensitivity in relation to varying dose amounts of X-ray irradiation. In consideration of different methodologies of reducing radiation dose amounts and limiting device exposure, we propose a procedure for attenuating potentially harmful X-ray radiation levels while preserving quality images
Importance des exercices physiques et de la relaxation dans le cadre d'un programme d'autogestion des symptômes de l'arthrite

Cet article fait part d'un programme d'autogestion de la douleur dans les cas d'arthrite chez les personnes âgees au Quebec, intitule Mon arthrite, je m'en charge! Les AA. analysent la satisfaction des personnes âgees ainsi que les motivations qui les poussent a pratiquer plus d'exercices physiques de relaxation
Exploring Trading Strategies and Their Effects in the Foreign Exchange Market

One of the most critical issues that developers face in developing automatic systems for electronic markets is that of endowing the agents with appropriate trading strategies. In this article, we examine the problem in the foreign exchange (FX) market, and we use an agent‐based market simulation to examine which trading strategies lead to market states in which the stylized facts (statistical properties) of the simulation match those of the FX market transactions data. Our goal is to explore the emergence of the stylized facts, when the simulated market is populated with agents using different strategies: a variation of the zero intelligence with a constraint strategy, the zero‐intelligence directional‐change event strategy, and a genetic programming‐based strategy. A series of experiments were conducted, and the results were compared with those of a high‐frequency FX transaction data set. Our results show that the zero‐intelligence directional‐change event agents best reproduce and explain the properties observed in the FX market transactions data. Our study suggests that the observed stylized facts could be the result of introducing a threshold that triggers the agents to respond to periodic patterns in the price time series. The results can be used to develop decision support systems for the FX market.
Psychological correlates of obesity: moving to the next research generation.

Studies comparing obese and nonobese persons have generally failed to find differences in global aspects of psychological functioning (e.g., depression, anxiety). The resulting conclusion, that obesity does not carry risk for psychological problems, is inimical to clinical impression, reports from overweight individuals, and a consistent literature showing strong cultural bias and negative attitudes toward obese persons. The often-cited notion that obesity has no psychological consequences may be an inevitable byproduct of the manner in which the first generation of studies in the field has been conducted. The authors propose a second generation of studies that begins with a risk factor model to identify the individuals who will suffer from their obesity and the areas of functioning most affected. Recommendations are also made for a third generation of studies that will establish causal pathways linking obesity to specific areas of distress.
PATHOLOGY OF Amphimerus elongatus (DIGENEA: OPISTHORCHIIDAE) IN THE LIVER OF THE DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANT

A Double-crested Cormorant, Phalacrocorax auritus, was found infected with the opisthorchiid trematode, Amphimerus elongatus. The liver was badly riddled with a massive infection of thousands of these parasites. Histologically, trematodes were found in the bile ducts of almost all the lobules of the liver. These were completely occluded and there was hyperplasia or complete desquamation of the epithelium of the duct walls. In areas which contained numerous parasites there was extensive fibrosis. In lobules which were free of the parasites the hepatic cells exhibited cloudy swelling, their nuclei were karyolytic in areas adjacent to fibrosis, and there was a considerable increase in the periportal tissue. A localized inflammatory response was noted with lymphocytes and eosinophils as the main cellular components. This is the first record of A. elongatus from the Double-crested Cormorant.
Apprentissage relationnel de motifs temporels

Résuḿe. Nous présentons deux exp ́ eriences d’apprentissage relationnel de motifs temporels comportant des contraintes num ́ eriques des chroniques ` a partir de séries temporelles. La premi` ere concerne l’apprentissage d’arythmies cardiaques ` a partir d’électrocardiogrammes. La deuxi` eme réalise l’apprentissage de r` egles pr édisant la d ́ egradation de la qualit ́ e de service dans un r ́ eseau de télécommunications ` a partir de donn ́ ees d’exploitation. L’influence de la méthode de discr ́ etisation et de segmentation des donn ́ ees sur la qualit ́ e des résultats est discut ́ ee.
Packing Boundary-Anchored Rectangles

In this paper, we study the boundary-anchored rectangle packing problem in which we are given a set P of points on the boundary of an axis-aligned squareQ. The goal is to find a set of disjoint axis-aligned rectangles in Q such that each rectangle is anchored at some point in P , each point in P is used to anchor at most one rectangle, and the total area of the rectangles is maximized. We show how to solve this problem in linear-time in the number of points of P , provided that the points of P are given in sorted order along the boundary of Q. The solvability of the general version of this problem, in which the points of P can also lie in the interior of Q, in polynomial-time, is still open.
Dimensions and reliability of a questionnaire for the evaluation of subjective experiences of health among patients in mental health services

Even though the concept of health and its importance has been widely discussed in health care during recent decades, mental health services have been criticised for adopting a biomedical perspective, which does not sufficiently consider the concept of health. The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Health Questionnaire, a newly developed questionnaire to measure patients' subjective experience of health in mental health services. A cross sectional study was performed using a sample of 139 outpatients in mental health services. A principal component analysis with varimax rotation was used to test the factor structure of the questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha was employed to test internal consistency and Cohen's Kappa assessed test-retest reliability. The final scale, which contained 22 items, derived from three factors (autonomy, social involvement, and comprehensibility) and showed a good reliability in terms of internal consistency. Test-retest reliability was moderate or better for 17 out of 22 items. The Health Questionnaire may enable further empirical studies on subjectively experienced health in mental health services and serve as a measure of outcome and to monitor quality of care.