Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Occurrence, enterotoxigenic properties and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus on beef carcasses

Bu calisma, sigir karkaslarinda Staphylococcus aureus’un varligi ile izolatlarin enterotoksijenik ozellikleri ve antimikrobiyal direncliligini belirlemek icin yapilmistir. Bu amacla, Ankara’da bulunan 2 farkli mezbahadaki 120 adet sigir karkasindan alinan ornekler materyal olarak kullanilmistir. Ornekler aseptik kosullarda her bir sigir karkasinin but, kavram ve dos bolgelerinin 100 cm2’ lik (10×10 cm) alanindan (toplam 300 cm2) sunger swab teknigi ile alinmistir. Yapilan mikrobiyolojik analizler sonucu, 120 sigir karkas orneginin 15’i (%12,5) S. aureus yonunden pozitif bulunmustur. S. aureus olarak belirlenen 22 izolattan 19’unun (%86,3) ise enterotoksijenik ozellikte oldugu belirlenmistir. Enterotoksijenik izolatlardan 8’inin (% 36,3) seh, 5’inin ( %22,7) sea, 2’sinin (%9) seg+sei, 1’inin (%4,5) sei, 1’inin (%4,5) sed+sej, 1’inin (%4,5) sea+tst ve 1’ininde (%4,5) tst tipi enterotoksin genine sahip oldugu saptanmistir. Yapilan antibiyotik direnclilik testleri sonucunda S. aureus izolatlarindan %72,7’sinin ampisiline, %54,5’inin tetrasikline, %40,9’unun eritromisine ve %22,7’sinin sulfametaksazol-trimetoprime yuksek oranda direncli oldugu, vankomisine ise tumunun duyarli oldugu saptanmistir. Sonuc olarak, sigir karkaslarinda S. aureus, 15 ornekte (%12.5) bulunmus olup, izolatlarin 19’u (%86,3) enterotoksijenik ozelliktedir. Bu nedenle saglikli sigir eti uretimi ve halk sagliginin korunmasi icin mezbahalarda etkin HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) sisteminin uygulanmasi onemlidir
INFLUENCE OF INTRAMUSCULAR FAT LEVEL ON ORGANOLEPTIC, PHYSICAL, AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF IRRADIATED PORK. I. HIGH-TEMPERATURE SHORT-TIME PRE-IRRADIATION HEAT TREATMENT

The influence of intramuscular fat (degree of marbling) on characteristics of precooked and irradiated pork muscle was studied. Loins were selected and categorized into three marbling levels by visual appraisal. A relatively high temperature (325 deg F) and short time (2 hr) heat treatment was used for enzyme inactivation. Samples were packed under vacuum in rigid containers and irradiated to 4.5 Mrad with gamma radiation. Irradiated and frozen control samples were evaluated up to 2l0 days later. Degree of marbling had no apparent influence on organoleptic properties of either irradiated or frozen control longissimus dorsi muscle samples. Frozen control samples were preferred in general appearance, flavor, and over-all acceptability by panelists. Irradiated samples were preferred in texture qualities. Storage time was not a major factor in organoleptic acceptability; however, acceptability of irradiated samples declined between 150 and 210 days of storage. Hunter color attributes were not affected by marbling level. L, a/sub L/ hue, and saturation were increased by radiation treatment. Mechanical tenderness values were decreased due to higher marbling level and radiation treatment. Expressible-moisture values were lowered by radiation treatment and increased with storage time. Iodine numbers were decreased by radiation. Degree of marbling did not affect thiobarbituric acidmore » values but they were significantly lower for irradiated samples. pH values increased with higher levels of intramuscular fat, were significantly higher in irradiated samples than controls, and tended to increase steadily with advancing storage time. (BBB)« less
Étude des interactions entre les cellules progénitrices endothéliales et l'adiponectine

Adiponectin, an adipokine whose plasma levels are inversely correlated to metabolic syndrome components, protects against atherosclerosis and reduces myocardium infarction-associated risks. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are involved in vascular repair and their number is reduced in patients with cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that positive effects of adiponectin against atherosclerosis are explained in part by its interaction with EPCs. EPCs were obtained from healthy volunteers’ venous blood by mononuclear cell isolation and plating on collagen-coated dishes. Three subpopulations of EPCs were characterized by flow cytometry immunophenotyping. Expression of adiponectin receptors, AdipoR1, AdipoR2 and H-cadherin was evaluated by qPCR in EPCs and endothelial cells. Effects of recombinant adiponectin on apoptosis of EPCs and HUVECs were assessed. Expression of neutrophil elastase by EPCs and enzymatic activity on adiponectin processing were assessed. Quantitative PCR of EPCs and HUVECs mRNA showed a higher expression of AdipoR1 compared to AdipoR2 and no expression of H-cadherin in EPCs. Expression of AdipoR1 in EPCs was confirmed by Western Blot. We demonstrated that early EPCs express neutrophil elastase. Adiponectin significantly increased survival of two subpopulations of EPCs in condition of serum deprivation but had no effects on HUVECs. Neutrophil elastase activity was confirmed in EPCs conditioned media. Adiponectin protects some EPCs subpopulations against apoptosis and therefore could modulate their involvement in vascular repair. Neutrophil elastase activity of EPCs could locally modify adiponectin activity by its ability to generate the globular form of adiponectin.
Analysis of growth and development of xanthium

Part 1 Morphological patterns of development: taxonomy growing "Xanthium" from seeds the plastochron index organization of the shoot apex leaf initiation origin and development of the lamina cell lineage in marginal and plate meristems thickness of the lamina differentiation of the laminar tissues leaf length leaf area cell division cell enlargement and differentiation correlation of developmental processes petiole structure and development fine structure of epithelial canal cells the stem. Part 2 Physiological aspects of development: incorporation of 3H-thymidine into nuclear DNA kinetics of 3H-thymidine incorporation synthesis of nuclear DNA metabolism of 3H-thymidine during cellular differentiation chloroplast growth chlorophyll synthesis respiration correlation of DNA synthesis, cell division, cell differentiation and enzymatic activity plant hormones in "Xanthium" development auxin effects phyllotaxis in "Xanthium" phyllotaxis in "Xanthium" plants treated with gibberellic acid senescence concluding statements on leaf development the use of "Xanthium" in flowering research. Appendix: monographs and selected books.
Analysis of Cooperation and Motivation Nurse in Implentation Nursing of Family

Cooperation of nurses needed in helping to resolve the client's problem. Cooperation was an important element in developing quality of human resources and improving performance. The general objective of this study was to identify cooperation-relation nurse with motivation in implementing the family nursing care at Surabaya city. The research method was analytical observational with cross sectional approach. The population of this study was 175 nurses at local government clinic at Surabaya city. The sample size of this study was 122 gained by probability sampling. The research variables include the cooperation of nurses and motivation in implementing family nursing care. Instrument used questionnaire. Bivariate analysis of the data was done by Spearman correlation test. Limit the test of significance is 0.05. The test resulted that there was a relationship of cooperation with the motivation of nurses in implementing family nursing care (p = 0.03). Nurses should develop cooperative relationships in order to increase their motivation to carry out the nursing care of the family.
LACTATION TREND OF MILK SOLID-NOT-FAT IN TWO-BREED CROSSES OF CATTLE AT AN ORGANIZED FARM

The milk solid-not-fat (SNF) averaged to 8.54±0.01, 8.50±0.01 and 8.65±0.02 per cent respectively in Holstein Friesian x Hariana (FH), Brown Swiss x Hariana (BH) and Jersey x Hariana (JH) crosses of cattle and showed significant (P<0.01) effect of month of lactation and season of calving. The observed trend revealed that milk SNF decreased successively after calving to its lowest levels during fifth month and increased thereafter at subsequent months of lactation in two-breed crosses of cattle. The gamma type function in FH and JH groups and quadratic function in BH group were adjudged as best representative nonlinear models explaining lactation trend of milk SNF in two-breed crosses of cattle. The fitted models to least squares means at ten monthly points of lactation described the decreasing trend of milk SNF after calving to lowest levels of 8.40, 8.34 and 8.52 percent at 4.36, 5.78 and 4.89 months of lactation in FH, BH and JH groups respectively and increasing trend thereafter during the lactation in close agreement to its observed trend in two-breed crosses of cattle.
A perceived local extinction of Red-billed Oxpeckers in the Yabelo region, southern Ethiopia

Richard J Mellanby1*, Celia Broadhurst1, Mengistu Wondafrash1,2, Mihiret Ewnetu1,3, Sandy Watt1, Rob Critchlow1, Aman Dadesa1,4, Tom Deas1, Chere Enawgaw1,3, Berihun Gebremedhin1,5, Ellie Graham1, Sarah MacLean1 and Ben Ross1 1 Project Yabelo, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK 2 Ethiopian Wildlife and Natural History Society, PO Box 13303, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 3 Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Wildlife Conservation Department, PO Box 10-22-98, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 4 Yabelo Wildlife Sanctuary, PO Box 34, Yabelo, Ethiopia 5 Institute of Biodiversity and Conservation, PO Box 30726, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia * Corresponding author, e-mail: Richard.Mellanby@ed.ac. uk
Analysis of partner proteins of MeCP2 and their relevance to Rett syndrome

12 Abbreviations . 13 Chapter 1: Introduction . 15 1.1 Modifications of DNA . 15 1.1.1 DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in eukaryotes . 15 1.1.2 Processing of DNA modifications . 18 1.1.3 The roles of DNA methylation . 19 1.2 Methyl-CpG binding proteins . 21 1.2. 1 MBD proteins . 22 1.2. 2 Kaiso and other proteins binding to methylated DNA . 23 1.2. 3 Mouse models depleted of methyl-CpG binding proteins . 25 1.3 MeCP2 . 26 1.3. 1 Gene and protein.26 1.3. 2 Post-translational modifications of MeCP2 . 29 1.3. 3 MeCP2 binding to methylated DNA . 30 1.3. 4 MeCP2 binding to unmethylated DNA.32 1.3. 5 MeCP2 as a transcriptional repressor . 34 1.3. 6 Genes regulated by MeCP2.36 1.3. 7 MeCP2 as a transcriptional activator . 38 1.3. 8 Other functions of MeCP2.39 1.4 Rett syndrome . 42 1.4. 1 Rett syndrome in humans . 42 1.4. 2 Mouse models of Rett syndrome.44
Chemical and Biochemical Factors That Influence the Gelation of Soybean Protein and the Yield of Tofu

Soybeans contain around 40% of high quality protein and 20 % of oil. Soy protein has long been used as ingredients for its emulsification and texturizing properties in a variety of foods, soymilk and tofu being the most popular. Soymilk is essentially a water extract of soybeans and there are many variations on the basic soymilk processing steps. Tofu, or bean curd, is made by coagulating soy milk, and then pressing the resulting curds into blocks. This thesis was mainly devoted to thermal denaturation and coagulation of soy proteins and targeted several selected important factors as they relate to the functional properties. The effects of different chemical coagulants as well as proteases on yield and quality of tofu from soybeans were studied. Eight tested chemical coagulants were able to coagulate the soymilk and the results showed that the concentration of soymilk and type of coagulant had a great influence on the properties of the tofu gel. The results also confirmed that the use of a suitable concentration of the quick-acting coagulants is more critical than that of the slow-acting coagulants in tofu making. In general, the extent of soymilk gelation is not determined by a single characteristic but rather results from a combination of factors. The gelation ability of various most common commercially available proteases to coagulate non-defatted soymilk was surveyed and the thermal stabilities of selected protease systems were compared. The difference in the temperature where the enzyme shows its highest activity seemed to be the most significant indicator when choosing a suitable enzyme for a certain industrial application. The three most effective and versatile
Unexpected insularity effects in invasive plant mating systems: the case of Carpobrotus (Aizoaceae) taxa in the Mediterranean Basin

Although biological invasions are currently recognized as being especially severe on islands, little attention has been given to detecting parameters influencing this pattern. This study tested the common perceptions that uniparental reproductive modes are associated with invasive and/or island plant populations due to a lack of pollinator vectors and/or small initial population sizes, and that pollinator services and biparental seed production modes will subsequently be associated with adjacent mainland sites. Using controlled pollination and germination experiments on invasive Carpobrotus edulis and C. aff. acinaciformis populations in both island and mainland habitats in south-east France, we found no evidence to support these hypotheses. All significant mean differences found between locations for reproductive indices describing uniparental reproductive modes were significantly smaller in island populations. In contrast, seedling sizes issuing from manual outcrossing and manual hybridization experiments, regardless of taxon, as well as C. aff. acinaciformis hybridization indices, were larger in island populations. The presence of significant, though limited, pollinator service was detected for all populations, and stressed the importance of such mutualisms. We suggest that invasive plant reproductive traits could be highly contextual, and that islands may have a potential role in the acceleration of the invasion process through the production of highly variable populations. © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2005, 85 , 65‐79. ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: agamospermy ‐ hybrid vigour ‐ inbreeding depression ‐ island invasion ‐ pollinator limitation ‐ self fertilization.
What can the Aspergillus flavus genome offer to mycotoxin research?

The genomic study of filamentous fungi has made significant advances in recent years, and the genomes of several species in the genus Aspergillus have been sequenced, including Aspergillus flavus. This ubiquitous mold is present as a saprobe in a wide range of agricultural and natural habits, and can function as an opportunistic animal and plant pathogen. A. flavus produces many secondary metabolites including aflatoxins, aflatrem and cyclopiazonic acid. In this chapter, our main focus is on the current status of the genomics of A. flavus as well as on the potential applications of genomics-based approaches to understanding mycotoxin production and fungal pathogenicity. It is hoped that the results of A. flavus genomics and functional genomics studies will empower researchers to find effective controlling strategies to eliminate mycotoxin contamination and to yield a safer and more abundant food and feed supply.
Capital Investment, Internationalization, and Firm Performance: Evidence from Southeast Asian Countries

This study asks whether firms that invest more have higher degrees of internationalization and whether firms with higher degrees of internationalization perform better than those with lower degrees of internationalization. Using a large panel sample that consists of non-financial firms in five countries in the Southeast Asia region during the period 1990–2014, I show that capital investment negatively affects the level of internationalization but has a positive effect on foreign sales growth. The negative effect of capital investment on internationalization levels is weaker for firms with higher degrees of internationalization. The level of internationalization is not associated with firm performance, measured as return on assets; however, there is some evidence for the positive relation between the level of internationalization and firm performance, measured as the stock return.
Estudo funcional de microRNAs na infecção pelo HTLV-1

OTAGUIRI, K.K. miRNAs functional study in HTLV-1 infection. 2013. 103f. Dissertation (Master). Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas de Ribeirao Preto – Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, 2013. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) was the first human retrovirus discovered and it is related with two major diseases: adult T cell lymphoma/leukaemia (ATLL) and HTLV-1 –associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TS). About 0.3 to 5% of infected individuals will develop HTLV-1 related diseases, while the majority will remain life-long asymptomatic carriers of the virus. HAM/TSP is an inflammatory manifestation of central nervous system and the mechanism involved in HAM/TSP development is noy well elucidated. Currently, a promising approach on understanding the mechanisms as well as physiopathogenesis of viral infections has been the evaluation of the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) roles. There are few data involving CD4 T cells miRNA expression in HTLV-1 infection as well as HAM/TSP establishment. To identify miRNAs differentially expressed in CD4 T cells among non-infected individuals (CT), asymptomatic (HAC) and HAM/TSP patients we applied quantitative real time PCR. The analysis of miRNA expression profile in these cells showed 56 and 10 miRNAs upregulated 1.5 times in HAM/TSP and HAC groups, respectively. miR125b-1-1 was upregulated in HAC group and miR-146a in HAM/TSP. In silico analysis of target prediction showed that IFNG was a potentially miR-125b-1-1 target and IRAK1 and TRAF6 were miR-146a targets. IFNG expression was 1.3 higher in HAC than CT group and 1.8 higher in HAM/TSP than CT group. It was observed that TRAF6 expression was 15.7 and 1.5 times higher in HAM/TSP and HAC groups, respectively. There was no difference of IRAK1 expression among the three groups. Overexpression assays of miR-125b-1-1 altered IFNG expression and overexpression of miR-146a altered IRAK1 gene and protein expression. The results revealed that miRNAs modulate genes and proteins during HTLV-1 infection. miR125b-1-1 and IFNG gene correlation suggests that miR-125b-1-1 seems to contribute to HAM/TSP development. Besides, miR-146a and IRAK1 and TRAF6 interaction suggests that miT-146a seems to contribute to HTLV-1 establishment in CD4 T cells.
Evaluating Greater Sage-Grouse Seasonal Space Use Relative to Leks: Implications for Surface Use Designations in Sagebrush Ecosystems

The development of anthropogenic structures, especially those related to energy resources, in sagebrush ecosystems is an important concern among developers, conservationists, and land managers in relation to greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; hereafter, sage-grouse) populations. Sage-grouse are dependent on sagebrush ecosystems to meet their seasonal life-phase requirements, and research indicates that anthropogenic structures can adversely affect sage-grouse populations. Land management agencies have attempted to reduce the negative effects of anthropogenic development by assigning surface use (SU) designations, such as no surface occupancy, to areas around leks (breeding grounds). However, rationale for the size of these areas is often challenged. To help inform this issue, we used a spatial analysis of sage-grouse utilization distributions (UDs) to quantify seasonal (spring, summer and fall, winter) sage-grouse space use in relation to leks. We sampled UDs from 193 sage-grouse (11,878 telemetry locations) across 4 subpopulations within the Bi-State Distinct Population Segment (DPS, bordering California and Nevada) during 2003–2009. We quantified the volume of each UD (vUD) within a range of areas that varied in size and were centered on leks, up to a distance of 30 km from leks. We also quantified the percentage of nests within those areas. We then estimated the diminishing gains of vUD as area increased and produced continuous response curves that allow for flexibility in land management decisions. We found nearly 90% of the total vUD (all seasons combined) was contained within 5 km of leks, and we identified variation in vUD for a given distance related to season and migratory status. Five kilometers also represented the 95th percentile of the distribution of nesting distances. Because diminishing gains of vUD was not substantial until distances exceeded 8 km, managers should consider the theoretical optimal distances for SU designation between 5.0 km and 7.5 km, depending on migratory status. Although these results represent space use for sage-grouse within the Bi-State DPS, our results likely have broad relevance to other areas with similar landscape characteristics and patterns of space use. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.
Properties and behaviour of progenitor cells in embryonic chick retina.

During embryonic development, interactions between extracellular signalling molecules and intracellular transduction pathways are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. This thesis investigates the properties and behaviour of cells in the developing neural retina of 4-9 day old chick embryos. In addition, it describes the expression of amino acid transmitter receptors and gap junctional communication amongst progenitor cells and newly differentiated neurons at these early times. The membrane properties of progenitor cells and postmitotic neurons were investigated using whole-cell patchclamping of cells in retinal slices. The results show that E5-E8 progenitor cells, but not postmitotic neurons, respond to GABA and glutamate and are coupled via gap junctions to neighbouring cells. Postmitotic neurons, but not progenitor cells, express time-dependent, voltage- gated currents. Progenitor cells are characterized by extensive gap junctional coupling, which gradually increases from E4-E6, and decreases towards the end of neurogenesis, from E7-E9. Postmitotic cells are excluded from the coupled clusters. The expression of Cx43 and Cx36 is consistent with a role for these connexin proteins in mediating the coupling between proliferating cells, and interference with Cx43 expression resulted in a reduction in gap junction coupling. The interkinetic nuclear migration and division of progenitor cells was followed in real time using confocal microscopy. The movement of these cells is saltatory, and characterized by stationary phases interspersed with rapid movements in both directions, to produce an average rate of movement of around 20um per hour. The maintenance of normal rates of migration is dependent on intact gap junctional communication. Unopposed gap junction hemichannels were found to play a role in migration. The effect of neurotransmitters on interkinetic nuclear migration was also investigated. Agonists and antagonists of GABA-, glutamate-, ACh-, and purine-receptors were found to have minor effects on interkinetic nuclear migration.
Leptochloa (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) in Colombia

A taxonomie summary is presented for the Colombian species of Leptochloa. The classification, nomenclature, generic affinities, and morphological variation of the genus are discussed. Leptochloa is represented in Colombia by six species and one nonty pical subspecies. Keys to recognize Colombian species are given, as well descriptions of the species, illustrations, geographical distributions, and morphological and ecological observations. The basionym Chloris dubia Kunth is lectotypified.