Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Polymorphism and division of labour in a socially complex ant: neuromodulation of aggression in the Australian weaver ant, Oecophylla smaragdina

Complex social structure in eusocial insects can involve worker morphological and behavioural differentiation. Neuroanatomical variation may underscore worker division of labour, but the regulatory mechanisms of size-based task specialization in polymorphic species are unknown. The Australian weaver ant, Oecophylla smaragdina, exhibits worker polyphenism: larger major workers aggressively defend arboreal territories, whereas smaller minors nurse brood. Here, we demonstrate that octopamine (OA) modulates worker size-related aggression in O. smaragdina. We found that the brains of majors had significantly higher titres of OA than those of minors and that OA was positively and specifically correlated with the frequency of aggressive responses to non-nestmates, a key component of territorial defence. Pharmacological manipulations that effectively switched OA action in major and minor worker brains reversed levels of aggression characteristic of each worker size class. Results suggest that altering OA action is sufficient to produce differences in aggression characteristic of size-related social roles. Neuromodulators therefore may generate variation in responsiveness to task-related stimuli associated with worker size differentiation and collateral behavioural specializations, a significant component of division of labour in complex social systems.
Clementine Observations of the Aristarchus Region of the Moon

Multispectral and topographic data acquired by the Clementine spacecraft provide information on the composition and geologic history of the Aristarchus region of the moon. Altimetry profiles show the Aristarchus plateau dipping about 1� to the north-northwest and rising about 2 kilometers above the surrounding lavas of Oceanus Procellarum to the south. Dark, reddish pyroclastic glass covers the plateau to average depths of 10 to 30 meters, as determined from the estimated excavation depths of 100- to 1000-meter-diameter craters that have exposed materials below the pyroclastics. These craters and the walls of sinuous rilles also show that mare basalts underlie the pyroclastics across much of the plateau. Near-infrared images of Aristarchus crater reveal olivine-rich materials and two kilometer-sized outcrops of anorthosite in the central peaks. The anorthosite could be either a derivative of local magnesium-suite magmatism or a remnant of the ferroan anorthosite crust that formed over the primordial magma ocean.
Genetic Differentiation of the Cabo Verde Archipelago Population Analysed by STR Polymorphisms

Allele frequencies for 17 STR loci were analyzed in a sample of unrelated males from the Cabo Verde Archipelago. The samples were gathered in such a way that the origin of the subjects was perfectly identified, and they could be included in one of the leeward or windward groups of islands. This study reveals that there are significant differences between both groups of islands, and between Cabo Verdeans and other populations from sub‐Sahara Africa including the Guineans, the most probable source population for Cabo Verdeans. This study confirms mtDNA data and, together with HLA and Y chromosome data already published, shows that the Cabo Verde population is sub‐structured and atypical, diverging substantially from mainland sub‐Saharan populations. Overall these differences are most probably due to admixture between sub‐Saharan slaves brought into the islands and other settlers of European origin. In the absence of a clear indication of a different ethnic composition of the first sub‐Saharan settlers of Cabo Verde, the differentiation exhibited in both groups of islands can be most probably be attributed to genetic drift.
Specific transbilayer translocation of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides by an endoplasmic reticulum flippase

The oligosaccharide donor for protein N-glycosylation, Glc3Man9GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol, is synthesized via a multistep pathway that starts on the cytoplasmic face of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and ends in the lumen where the glycosylation reaction occurs. This necessitates transbilayer translocation or flipping of the lipid intermediate Man5GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol (M5-DLO) across the ER membrane. The mechanism by which M5-DLO—or any other lipid—is flipped across the ER is unknown, except that specific transport proteins or flippases are required. We recently demonstrated M5-DLO flipping activity in proteoliposomes reconstituted from detergent-solubilized ER membrane proteins and showed that it was ATP-independent and required a trypsin-sensitive protein that sedimented at approximately 4S. By using an activity-enriched fraction devoid of glycerophospholipid flippase activity, we now report that M5-DLO is rapidly flipped in the reconstituted system with a time constant τ <2 min, whereas its triantennary structural isomer is flipped slowly with τ >200 min. DLOs larger than M5-DLO are also poorly translocated, with τ ranging from approximately 10 min to >200 min. We conclude that (i) the number and arrangement of mannoses in the DLO glycan has a profound effect on the ability of the DLO to be translocated by the flippase, (ii) glycan size per se does not dictate whether a DLO will be flipped, and (iii) the flippase is highly specific for M5-DLO. Our results suggest a simple structural model for the interaction between the DLO head group and the flippase.
Frontiers in sperm function testing: DNA fragmentation analysis shows promise

While semen analysis (SA) remains a cornerstone test in the evaluation of the infertile male, it is at best only a crude indication of fertility potential. Semen analyses classify infertile men based on the kind and degree of spermatogenic failure but do little to predict how well a sperm will function in vitro or in vivo . More importantly, men with normal semen analysis parameters can be infertile and vice a versa. Accordingly, sperm function tests were developed to address these clinical shortcomings of SA.
Measuring jitter of high speed data channels using undersampling techniques

Jitter is a critical parameter in high speed data communication channels. A new jitter measurement technique utilizing a high bandwidth undersampling voltage measurement instrument is presented. This type of undersampling instrument is common in mixed-signal ATE. The advantages of this new technique over other traditional jitter measurement techniques are: bandwidth, ease of use, and throughput.
A Prospective Randomized Study of Paravertebral Blockade in Patients Undergoing Robotic Mitral Valve Repair.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the addition of paravertebral blockade to general anesthesia in patients undergoing robotic mitral valve repair. DESIGN A randomized, prospective trial. SETTING A single tertiary referral academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS 60 patients undergoing robotic mitral valve surgery. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive 4-level paravertebral blockade with 0.5% bupivicaine before induction of general anesthesia. All patients were given a fentanyl patient-controlled analgesia upon arrival to the intensive care unit, and visual analog scale pain scores were queried for 24 hours. On postoperative day 2, patients were given an anesthesia satisfaction survey. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS After obtaining institutional review board approval, surgical and anesthetic data were recorded perioperatively and compared between groups. Compared to general anesthesia alone, patients receiving paravertebral blockade and general anesthesia reported significantly less postoperative pain and required fewer narcotics intraoperatively and postoperatively. Patients receiving paravertebral blockade also reported significantly higher satisfaction with anesthesia. Successful extubation in the operating room at the conclusion of surgery was 90% and similar in both groups. Hospital length of stay also was similar. No adverse reactions were reported. CONCLUSIONS The addition of paravertebral blockade to general anesthesia appears safe and can reduce postoperative pain and narcotic usage in patients undergoing minimally invasive cardiac surgery. These findings were similar to previous studies of patients undergoing thoracic procedures. Paravertebral blockade alone likely does not reduce hospital length of stay. This may be more closely related to early extubation, which is possible with or without paravertebral blockade.
Biotoxins Mediated DNA Damage and Role of Phytochemicals in DNA Protection

The DNA is reported to be consistently damaged by both endogenous processes and external insults thereby posing a serious threat to the cell survival. Exposure of DNA from living systems to different biotoxins is believed to lead DNA damage and a variety of genetic disorders. However, only meager information is available in this context. Keeping in view the knowledge gap, we have endeavored to present an updated account on this subject with special reference to the amelioration by herbal products.
Investors satisfaction with securities analysts' information service

From the perspective of securities analyst, an important information intermediary in stock market, this paper uses a questionnaire survey and the structure equation model and discussed public investor satisfaction to securities analysts' information service. The result of empirical research shows that: first, factor having the greatest positive effect on investor satisfaction is the analysts' service quality, followed by analyst image and investor expectation which have indirect positive effects on investor satisfaction by analysts' service quality; second, factor having the greatest positive effect on investor loyalty is investor satisfaction. These findings indicted that improvement of investors to improve the quality of service, could directly enhance investor satisfaction, thereby further reducing the complaint and promoting loyalty.
Dexamethasone Concentration Gradients Along Scala Tympani After Application to the Round Window Membrane

Hypothesis: Local application of dexamethasone-21-dihydrogen-phosphate (Dex-P) to the round window (RW) membrane of guinea pigs produces a substantial basal-apical concentration gradient in scala tympani (ST) perilymph. Background: In recent years, intratympanically applied glucocorticoids are increasingly being used for the treatment of inner ear disease. Although measurements of intracochlear concentrations after RW application exist, there is limited information on the distribution of these drugs in the inner ear fluids. It has been predicted from computer simulations that substantial concentration gradients will occur after RW application, with lower concentrations expected in apical turns. Concentration gradients of other substances along the cochlea have recently been confirmed using a sequential apical sampling method to obtain perilymph. Methods: Dexamethasone-21-dihydrogen-phosphate (10 mg/ml) was administered to the RW membrane of guinea pigs (n = 9) in vivo for 2 to 3 hours. Perilymph was then collected using a protocol in which 10 samples, each of approximately 1 &mgr;l, were taken sequentially from the cochlear apex into capillary tubes. Dexamethasone-21-dihydrogen-phosphate concentration of the samples was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Interpretation of sample data using a finite element model allowed the longitudinal gradients of Dex-P in ST to be quantified. Results: The Dex-P content of the first sample in each experiment (dominated by perilymph from apical regions) was substantially lower than that of the third and fourth sample (dominated by basal turn perilymph). These findings qualitatively demonstrated the existence of a concentration gradient along ST. After detailed analysis of the measured sample concentrations using an established finite element computer model, the mean basal-apical concentration gradient was estimated to be 17,000. Both absolute concentrations of Dex-P in ST and the basal-apical gradients were found to vary substantially. Conclusion: The existence of substantial basal-apical concentration gradients of Dex-P in ST perilymph were demonstrated experimentally. If the variability in peak concentration and gradient is also present under clinical conditions, this may contribute to the heterogeneity of outcome that is observed after intratympanic application of glucocorticoids for various inner ear diseases.
The Derailment of Dialogue Stimulus Overload, Action Cycles, and the Completion Gradient

INCE I FIRST published the papers “Hospitalism” (16), “Anaclitic Depression” (17), a great deal of experimental work S has been done on affect deprivation in infancy both in animal and in man. It became possible then to divide the ‘syndrome of affect dcprivation into total and partial deprivation and to study the consequences of each (18). This work has led not only to the better understanding of the consequences of affect deprivation but also to measures which have decisively reduced the frequency with which it occurred in the past and the severity of its consequences. Now that the more spectacular forms of maternal deprivation have lost their urgency, other problems, more obscure, more difficult to investigate and also to deal with, and perhaps even more urgent for humanity in general, claim our attention. One of these, for example, is damage suffered by infants who, while remaining under the uninterrupted care of their mothers, receive what appears to be the “wrong” kind of mothering. Such treatment leads to what I have called “psychotoxic diseases” (18). Recently I was struck by the obvious: in the etiology of all psychotoxic disturbances the wrong kind of emotional supplies
Modified LDL – trigger of atherosclerosis and inflammation in the arterial intima

Abstract. Pentikäinen MO, Öörni K, Ala‐Korpela M, Kovanen PT (Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland). Modified LDL – trigger of atherosclerosis and inflammation in the arterial intima (Minisymposium). J Intern Med 2000; 247: 359–370.
Expert Systems With Applications

Credit scoring models are commonly built on a sample of accepted applicants whose repayment and behaviour information is observable once the loan has been issued. However in practice these models are regularly applied to new applicants, which may cause sample bias. This bias is even more pronounced in online lending, where over 90% of total loan requests are rejected. Reject inference is a technique to infer the outcomes for rejected applicants and incorporate them in the scoring system, with the expectation that predictive accuracy is improved. This paper extends previous studies in two main ways: ﬁrstly, we propose a new method involving machine learning to solve the reject inference problem; secondly, the Semi-supervised Support Vector Machines model is found to improve the performance of scoring models compared to the industrial benchmark of logistic regression, based on 56,626 accepted and 563,215 rejected online consumer loans. © 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Correctly Estimating How Environmental Stochasticity Influences Fitness and Population Growth

Increased temporal variance in life‐history traits is generally predicted to decrease individual fitness and population growth. We show that a widely used result of stochastic sensitivity analysis that bolsters this generality is flawed because it ignores the effects of correlations between vital rates. Considering the effects of these correlations (although ignoring autocorrelations), we show that the apparently simple relationship between vital rate variance and fitness can be considerably more complex than previously thought. In particular, the previously estimated negative sensitivities of fitness or population growth to variance in a vital rate can be either enhanced by positive correlations between rates or reversed by negative correlations, even to the point that variability in a rate can increase fitness or population growth. We apply this new sensitivity calculation to data from the desert tortoise and discuss its interpretation in light of the factors generating vital rate correlations.
Cardiac Catheterization and Coronary Angiography in Patients with Cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathies are a group of heart diseases that influence muscles directly and are not related to congenital, valvular, and pericardial diseases (Salehifar et al., 2008). Cardiomyopathies are usually classified on the basis of structural or functional causes. Thus, dilated cardiomyopathy is characterized by an enlarged ventricular chamber size and reduced cardiac contractility, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is characterized by hypertrophy of the ventricular walls and increased cardiac performance and finally the restrictive form is characterized by stiff ventricular walls which restrict diastolic filling of the ventricle while systolic performance is not impaired (Ammash et al., 2000; Dec & Fuster ,1994). The classification by the American Heart Association Scientific Statement panel divides cardiomyopathy into primary and secondary causes (Maron et al., 2006). In this classification primary cardiomyopathies are subdivided into genetic, mixed and acquired groups.
Structural biology of hepatitis C virus

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes acute and chronic liver disease in humans, including chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Studies of this virus have been hampered by the lack of a productive cell culture system; most information thus has been obtained from analysis of the HCV genome, heterologous expression systems, in vitro and in vivo models, and structural analyses. Structural analyses of HCV components provide an essential framework for understanding of the molecular mechanisms of HCV polyprotein processing, RNA replication, and virion assembly and may contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of hepatitis C. Moreover, these analyses should allow the identification of novel targets for antiviral intervention and development of new strategies to prevent and combat viral hepatitis. This article reviews the current knowledge of HCV structural biology. (HEPATOLOGY 2004;39:5–19.)
Role of Suc1 in the activation of the cyclosome by protein kinase Cdk1/cyclin B.

A large complex, called the cyclosome or anaphase-promoting complex, has specific and regulated protein-ubiquitin ligase activity that targets mitotic regulators (such as cyclin B) for degradation at the end of mitosis. In early embryonic cell cycles the cyclosome is inactive in the interphase, but is subsequently converted by protein kinase Cdk1/cyclin B to an active, phosphorylated form, in a process that includes an initial lag period. This time lag may be important to prevent premature self-inactivation of Cdk1/cyclin B before the end of mitosis. We have previously observed that the phosphorylated form of the cyclosome binds to Suc1, a protein that associates with Cdk1 and with phosphate-containing compounds. We now report that low, physiological concentrations of Suc1 stimulate the activation of the interphase form of the cyclosome by the protein kinase. When Suc1 was present from the beginning of the incubation together with protein kinase Cdk1/cyclin B, activation of the cyclosome took place with the normal lag kinetics. However, when interphase cyclosome was first incubated with protein kinase Cdk1/cyclin B without Suc1, the subsequent addition of Suc1 caused a rapid burst of cyclosome activation and the lag was completely abolished. These findings are consistent with the interpretation that following initial slow phosphorylations of the cyclosome by the protein kinase, Suc1 accelerates multiple phosphorylations that culminate in the full activation of the cyclosome. In support of this interpretation, we find that Suc1 stimulates the phosphorylation of several proteins in the preparation of interphase cyclosome and that the effect of Suc1 on phosphorylation was augmented by prior incubation of interphase cyclosome with protein kinase Cdk1/cyclin B.
Rates and Determinants of Repeated Participation in a Web-Based Behavior Change Program for Healthy Body Weight and Healthy Lifestyle

Background In recent years, many tailored lifestyle counseling programs have become available through the Internet. Previous research into such programs has shown selective enrollment of relatively healthy people. However, because of the known dose-response relationship between the intensity and frequency of counseling and the behavior change outcomes, selective retention may also be a concern. Objective The aim of this study was to identify rates and determinants of repeat participation in a Web-based health behavior change program. Methods A Web-based health behavior change program aimed to increase people’s awareness of their own lifestyle, to promote physical activity, and to prevent overweight and obesity was available on the Internet from July 2004 onward at no cost. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify characteristics of people who participated in the program more than once. Age, compliance with physical activity guidelines, body mass index, smoking status, and the consumption of fruit, vegetables, and alcohol were included in the analyses. Results A total of 9774 people participated in the baseline test, of which 940 used the site more than once (9.6%). After exclusion of individuals with incomplete data, 6272 persons were included in the analyses. Of these 6272 people, 5560 completed only the baseline test and 712 also participated in follow-up. Logistic regression predicting repeated use determined that older individuals were more likely to participate in follow-up than people aged 15-20 years. The odds ratios for the age categories 41-50, 51-60, and > 60 years were 1.40 (95% CI = 1.02-1.91), 1.43 (95% CI = 1.02-2.01), and 1.68 (95% CI = 1.03-2.72), respectively. Individuals who never smoked were more likely to participate repeatedly than current smokers and ex-smokers (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.14-1.82 and OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.17-1.89, respectively). People meeting the guidelines for physical activity of moderate intensity (OR = 1.23 95% CI = 1.04-1.46) and for vegetable consumption (OR = 1.26 95% CI = 1.01-1.57) were also more likely to participate repeatedly than people who did not, as were obese people compared to individuals with normal weight (OR = 1.41 95% CI = 1.09-1.82). Conclusions For some variables, this study confirms our concern that behavioral intervention programs may reach those who need them the least. However, contrary to most expectations, we found that obese people were more likely to participate in follow-up than people of normal body weight. The non-stigmatizing way of addressing body weight through the Internet may be part of the explanation for this. Our findings suggest that Web-based health behavior change programs may be more successful in the area of weight management than in many other health-related areas. They also stress the importance of adequate coverage of weight management in Web-based health promotion programs, as a driver to continue participation for overweight and obese people.