Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Digit Ratio and Circadian Typology Among Medical Students

Objectives: Morningness-eveningness preference stands for interindividual chronobiological differences. This study was designed to investigate if prenatal testosterone exposure is a candidate for having a causal role in sexual dimorphism observed in circadian typology. Materials and Methods: A total of 183 students (111 females, 72 males; mean age 20.7 years) were involved in the study. Circadian typology was assessed using the Horne-Ostberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire. Digit lenghts were measured with digital calipers and digit ratio (2D/4D) was calculated by dividing the length of the second digit by that of the fourth digit. Results: Circadian typology assessment revealed 54 morning-(29.5%), 100 intermediate-(54.6%) and 29 evening-(15.8%) type students. Digit ratio of both hands in males were significantly lower than females (pl0.001). Digit ratio for both hands in morningness trait were significantly higher than intermediate (pl0.001) and eveningness (pl0.05 for the left and pl0.01 for the right hand) traits. Morning type was more common among females (35.1% vs 20.8%; pl0.05). Higher digit ratio was significantly associated with the morning type for both of the hands in both genders. Conclusion: Prenatal testosterone exposure, represented by digit ratio (2D/4D) as a proxy marker, seems to have a causal role in sexual dimorphism observed in the circadian typology preferences. Amac: Sabahcil-aksamcil tercihi bireyler arasinda gozlenen belirgin kronobiyolojik farkliliklarin temel dayanagidir. Bu calisma fetal testosteron maruziyetinin sirkadyen tiopolojiye ozgu seksuel dimorfizmdeki olasi nedensel rolunu arastirmak uzere tasarlandi. Gerecler ve Yontemler: Calismaya toplam 183 ogrenci (111 kadin, 72 erkek; ort. yas 20.7) dahil edildi. Sirkadyen tip dagilimlari Horne-Ostberg Sabahcil-Aksamcil Anketi'nin Turkce versiyonu kullanilarak belirlendi. El parmak orani (2D/4D) ise 0.01 mm hassasiyeti olan dijital kaliper kullanilarak elde edilen 2. ve 4. parmak uzunluklari oranlanarak hesaplandi. Bulgular: Sirkadyen tipoloji degerlendirildiginde, ara tipin %54.6 (n=100), sabahcil tipin %29.5 (n=54) ve aksamcil tipin %15.8 (n=29) oraninda temsil edildigi belirlendi. 2D/4D orani her iki elde de, erkek ogrencilerde kadin ogrencilere gore belirgin sekilde daha dusuk bulundu (pl0.001). Benzer sekilde her iki el icin saptanan 2D/4D oranlari, sabahcil ogrencilerde; ara-tipte olan (pl0.001) ve aksamcil (sol elde pl0.05 ve sag elde pl0.01) ogrencilere gore anlamli sekilde daha yuksek bulundu. Sabahcil tip kadinlar arasinda daha yaygindi (%35.1 ile %20.8; pl0.05). Her iki cinste de daha yuksek 2D/4D orani sabahcil tipoloji ile uyumlu bulundu. Sonuc: Fizyolojik olarak el parmak orani (2D/4D) ile temsil edilen fetal hayatta maruz kalinan testosteron duzeyinin, sirkadyen tipolojiye ozgu seksuel dimorfizmde belirleyici rolu olabilecegi dusunuldu.
Standing the test of time: External factors influencing family firm longevity in Germany and Spain during the twentieth century

While most research on family business longevity focuses on how internal corporate governance issue impact resilience, the aim of this article is to foreground the relevance of external environmental factors, and to do so in an internationally comparative perspective. By historically comparing the largest family businesses in Germany and Spain in the twentieth century, we find that they differ significantly in age and ask how external factors help us better understand these variances. After analysing the institutional framework of the two countries during the second part of the 20th century, we explore the strategic responses developed in reaction to that framework by four of the largest family businesses in the two countries. With this, we strive to capture the interdependent nature of internal decision-making processes and external environmental changes, ultimately arguing for a more holistic understanding of family business resilience over time.
The marine record of the onset of farming around the Arabian Sea at the dawn of the Bronze Age

The rise and fall of human cultures are strongly modulated by the strong environmental changes taking place during the Holocene. Here, we use the sedimentological and geochemical records of a core taken in the Arabian Sea, west of Kerala, to identify potential factors that may reflect on-land history of local civilizations, in particular the Harappan culture which appeared and collapsed in the Indus Valley during the early and middle Bronze Age. The 14C record highlights a fourfold increase in sedimentation rate at ~5380 cal. yr BP. The short duration of this event (~220 years) suggests a steep regional increase in erosion at the beginning of the Bronze Age. Factor analysis of downcore changes in geochemistry identified two distinct detrital components dominated by silt and clay, respectively, and a component characteristic of chemical erosion. This interpretation is consistent with sediment mineralogy. Comparison with the known climatic record indicates that increased erosion rate at 5380 cal. yr BP around the Arabian Sea is because of the advent of farming. The development of tillage associated with both wheat and barley crops and animal husbandry was favored by trade between Mesopotamia and India. Human activities, therefore, were the trigger of major changes in the sedimentological and geochemical records at sea at the onset of the Bronze Age.
A road map to generative safety culture: An integrated conceptual model

Evidence has shown that maturity models are a popular means of assessing safety culture in organizations. Maturity models involve defining maturity stages or levels from less to more advanced safety cultures. A maturity model is a descriptive model in the sense that it describes essential, or key, attributes that would be expected to characterize an organization at a particular level. Existing culture maturity models still lacks a concise roadmap of strategies that can guide an organization to progress through the maturity stages from less to advanced. This work proposes a concept to integrate the present general and workplace models and techniques that provides a roadmap to generative safety culture. In doing so, a summary of the current general and workplace literature will be provided, method to integrate them to develop an integrated conceptual model for a generative safety culture, as well as the final integrated model is discussed. This conceptual model can be the basis for further research in order to provide a comprehensive picture of the safety culture improvement and maturity process. Lastly, implications for specific interventions to develop targeted safety culture improvement practices and work towards achieving generative safety culture will be discussed.
L’évaluation de l’activité physique chez le patient en phase subaiguë de l’accident vasculaire cérébral

L’objectif de ce travail etait 1) determiner si la prise en charge therapeutique journaliere proposee aux patients en phase subaigue de l’AVC etait suffisamment sollicitante pour atteindre les recommandations a l’activite en hospitalisation 2) determiner quelles methodes etaient utilisables pour evaluer l’activite physique et leur utilite dans la prise en charge therapeutique post-AVC.La population etudiee etait constituee de patients en phase subaigue de l’AVC, hospitalises dans le service de Medecine Physique et de Readaptation. Les resultats ont permis de montrer qu’un tiers des patients n’atteignait pas les recommandations a l’activite physique quand ils quittaient le service et que la majorite de la depense energetique (≥ 3 METs) journaliere etait realisee en dehors du temps de prise en charge therapeutique. Concernant les methodes d’evaluation de l’activite physique, les resultats ont mis en avant que la perception de l’effort ne semblait pas utilisable pour evaluer l’intensite de l’activite physique sur une seance de reeducation et que les actimetres, a l’exception du Armband SenseWear, n’etaient pas precis pour estimer la depense energetique journaliere des patients en phase subaigue de l’AVC.Sachant que pour une part de la population les recommandations a l’activite physique ne sont pas atteintes, il y a un interet d’evaluer l’activite physique en phase subaigue de l’AVC, pour notamment controler la realisation de ces dernieres. Cependant, que les methodes d’evaluation soient subjectives ou objectives, il est difficile d’obtenir une mesure precise de l’activite physique au cours de la phase subaigue de l’AVC.
Energy Management Considering Energy Storage and Demand Response for Smart Energy Hub in Internet of Things

This paper proposes an energy optimization management method of interaction between the smart energy hub (SEH) and users in the energy system. Internet of Things (IoT) and energy storage are also considered in the system. First, the models of the SEH and users are constructed. Then the proﬁt models under the inﬂuence of energy storage are discussed. Next the Stackelberg game model is applied in this paper, where the SEH acts as the leader and the users are the followers. A double-layer algorithm is proposed to solve the problem. Finally, a case is studied to verify the correctness of the method. The results show that the method can be used for effective energy management in integrated energy system and IoT plays an important role in information exchange.
Aspects of health and population studies in northern Europe between the tenth and twelfth centuries

This research project is an international study of certain aspects of health and population studies in 10-12th century populations of northern Europe by using skeletal remains from nearby European regions. They include England, France and Sweden. A total of 2,718 adult skeletons were analysed (and an additional 41 individuals were used for isotope analysis). Through the analysis of the skeletal remains and/or archival reports, information pertaining to health and diseases through contact and exposure was collected by the process of calculating sex ratios and the age at death structure of each population. Prevalence rates of non-specific infections (periostitis, enamel hypoplasia and cribra orbitalia) and specific infections including tuberculosis, leprosy and chronic chest disease provided direct evidence of health. The disease and lesion prevalence rates showed that there were no distinctive health differences between the regions, only a range of variation in the experience of health. The differences that were apparent were more to do with the nature of the settlements and their historical and socio-economic context, rather than their geographical location in Europe. Although current methodologies used to diagnose diseases have not proved to be applicable to their assessment of prevalence rates at the population level, this project has demonstrated that the northern European region could be perceived as a single geographical unit when assessing health in the past. It has provided a unique outlook on the range of past human life experience and identified evidence of the diversity that is potentially present in early medieval European populations. To assess potential exposure to pathogens through contact, population movement was investigated using isotope analysis in two skeletal assemblages. Although no immigrant component was detected, the use of this new tool to identify population profiles and local variability was established.
Mechanisms for Spatially Inhomogeneous Changes in East Asian Summer Monsoon Precipitation during the Mid-Holocene

The East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) intensified during the early to mid-Holocene relative to the present primarily due to orbital forcing. However, on the regional scale, changes in the monsoonal precipitation exhibit considerable spatial disparity, and the underlying mechanisms remain unresolved. In this study, the dynamic processes responsible for the difference of the EASM precipitation between the mid-Holocene and preindustrial period are systematically examined using the CMIP5 multimodel simulations. The moisture budget diagnostic identifies vertical motion as the key factor determining the cross-like precipitation pattern in East Asia. Relative to the preindustrial period, the mid-Holocene anomalous ascending motion corresponds well with the excessive precipitation over northern and southern China, and vice versa for west-central China, the Korean peninsula, Japan, and its marginal seas. In the framework of the moist static energy budget, the increased insolation and the attendant intensification of land–sea thermal contrast give rise to anomalous ascending motions, while descending motions are fundamentally forced by the decreased latitudinal insolation gradient. In particular, thermodynamic changes, namely, the reduced pole–equator temperature and humidity gradients, account for the downward motions over the northwestern Pacific. Dynamic changes, namely, the weakened westerlies, play a leading role in suppressing updrafts in west-central China. This study highlights that the orbital-scale monsoonal precipitation changes are not solely determined by local radiative forcing as repeatedly emphasized before. The latitudinal uneven distribution of insolation is crucial to explain the spatial inhomogeneity in the EASM precipitation changes during the Holocene.
Detecting and Counting People Faces in Images Using Deep Learning Approach

هناك اهتمام متزايد على رؤية الحاسوب خلال السنوات الاخيرة، وقد حقق الباحثون تقدما ملحوظا فى مجال رؤية الحاسوب التى تتضمن تطبيقات الكشف وتميز الأشياء (object) في الصور مثل القطة، والكلب، والسيارة، والأشخاص. تبقى مهمة عد الناس بالاعتماد على كشف الوجه تحدى كبير، ومازالت مشكلة قائمة في مجال رؤية الحاسوب. هذه الأطروحة تقدم طريقيتن لعد الناس بالاعتماد على كشف وجوههم، وتعتمد هذه الطريقتين على (Faster-RCNN) و (SSD) التى تستخدم في كشف الأشياء، ونحن استخدمنا هذه الطريقتين فى كشف وجوه الناس وعدها، وتعتمد هذه النماذج على الشبكات العصبية العميقة التى يتم تدربيها على مهمة كشف الأشياء. نقوم في هذا العمل بتدريب هذه النماذج على مجموعة بيانات من الصور (Wider Face)، وتتكون هذه المجموعة على صور من الوجوه فى مجموعات متنوعة من الحالات المتعلقة بالانسداد (occlusion) والاضاءة والتعبير والتشكيل والحجم، وتم تقيم النتيجة على جزئية الاختبار من مجموعة بيانات الصور (Wider face) بدقة 0.5 لهذا (Faster-RCNN) و (SSD)، كما ان (MRE) لهذا Faster-RCNN هو 0.3 و لهذا SSD هو 0.4، وايضا (MAE) لهذا Faster-RCNN هو 7.5 و لهذا SSD هو 8.6 .
Farmacocinética comparativa de una dosis única de ampicilina en llamas luego de la administración intravenosa, intramuscular y subcutánea # Comparative pharmacokinetics of a single dose of ampicillin following intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous administration to llamas

SUMMARY Six healthy, adult llamas (Lama glama) received a single intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of ampicillin at a dosage of 20.0 mg/kg body weight. Venous blood samples were collected, and ampicillin plasma concentrations were determined by microbiological assay. Kinetic calculations were done using noncompartmental analysis. The period of time that plasma concentrations spent above the minimum inhibitory concentration (T > MIC) was graphically determined. Following the i.v. administration, mean pharmacokinetic parameters (± SD) were as follows: terminal elimination half-life (t ½λ ) 0.52 ± 0.1 h, total body clearance (Cl t ) 10.3 ± 1.3 ml/kg·min, volume of distribution at steady state (V ss ) 0.35 ± 0.07 l/kg. Following the i.m. and the s.c. administration, significant differences were determined for peak concentrations (34.1± 6.2 and 18.6 ± 6.3 µg/ml, respectively), time to peak concentrations (0.26 ± 0.08 and 0.6 ± 0.2 h, respectively); t ½λ (0.83 ± 0.17 and 1.66 ± 0.6 h, respectively); mean residence time (1.3 ± 0.3 and 2.7 ± 1.0 h, respectively), and mean absorption time (0.72 ± 0.2 and 2.1 ± 0.9 h, respectively). T > MIC values suggest that different ampicillin s.c. and i.m. dosing should be used in llamas, as s.c. injection provides therapeutically effective plasma concentrations for a longer duration.
After Nf1 loss in Schwann cells, inflammation drives neurofibroma formation

Abstract Plexiform neurofibromas (PNF) are peripheral nerve tumors caused by bi-allelic loss of NF1 in the Schwann cell (SC) lineage. PNF are common in individuals with Neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) and can cause significant patient morbidity, spurring research into potential therapies. Immune cells are rare in peripheral nerve, whereas in PNF 30% of the cells are monocytes/macrophages. Mast cells, T cells, and dendritic cells (DCs) are also present. NF1 mutant neurofibroma SCs with elevated Ras-GTP signaling resemble injury-induced repair SCs, in producing growth factors and cytokines not normally present in SCs. This provides a cytokine-rich environment facilitating PNF immune cell recruitment and fibrosis. We propose a model based on genetic and pharmacologic evidence in which, after loss of Nf1 in the SC lineage, a lag occurs. Then, mast cells and macrophages are recruited to nerve. Later, T cell/DC recruitment through CXCL10/CXCR3 drives neurofibroma initiation and sustains PNF macrophages and tumor growth. Stat3 signaling is an additional critical mediator of neurofibroma initiation, cytokine production, and PNF growth. At each stage of PNF development therapeutic benefit should be achievable through pharmacologic modulation of leukocyte recruitment and function.
A note on linkage between gross value added and final use at the industry level

ABSTRACT Gross value added (GVA) is a common indicator of an industry/sector’s economic performance. While an economy’s total GVA is always equal to its total final use, an individual industry/sector’s GVA is usually not equal to its final use. Yet an accounting identity between an industry/sector’s GVA and the final use of multiple industries/sectors can be established by a gross value added-final use (GVA-FU) matrix. This paper derives the GVA-FU matrix in the Leontief demand-driven model and its equivalence in the Ghosh supply-driven model and interprets the matrix from different perspectives. The GVA-FU matrix can help policymakers and practitioners better understand an industry/sector’s percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) – the underlying measure behind the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Indicator 14.7. 1 – from the demand-side perspective and facilitate its proper use for policy and planning. The GVA-FU matrix can become a standard component of the input–output apparatus for multiple applications.
Influence of shading to the output power of photovoltaic in Indonesia

Indonesia, being a tropical country, has a high photovoltaic (PV) energy generation potential that can help meet demand due to the impending shortage of power supplies in the coming years. The shading effect is a negative effect that causes the Photovoltaic power output to drop from its normal state. The performance of Photovoltaic Panels (PV) is a shared module surface exposed to sunlight. Shading effects usually occur from the influence of clouds, but the influence of these clouds often causes a lack of uniform illumination of sunlight received by the photovoltaic. This is also often called Partial Shaded. Partially shaded PV systems cannot operate at maximum efficiency because of shadows cast by surrounding structures, foliage and cloud cover. This is done to see the effect of partial shading pattern effect on solar cell PV. Characteristics of I-V can be influenced by pattern shading effect. The voltage and current of PV solar cells will drop from partial shading effect experiment which consists of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% shading area.
Differenzierung subchondraler Insuffizienzfrakturen von Osteonekrosen

Zusammenfassung Osteonekrosen und subchondrale Insuffizienzfrakturen beruhen auf unterschiedlichen Pathomechanismen. So ist bei der Osteonekrose die Blutversorgung des Knochens gestört, sodass auch ein multifokaler Befall auftreten kann. Bei der subchondralen Insuffizienzfraktur ist die Blutversorgung intakt, der Knochen jedoch in seiner Architektur gestört, sodass dieser normalen Belastungen nicht mehr standhalten kann. Neben der Anamnese des Patienten ist radiologisch die charakteristische Form der Demarkierungsrespektive Frakturlinie zur Gelenkfläche ein entscheidendes Diagnosekriterium. Ein Knochenmarködem liegt in beiden Entitäten vor und gilt bei der Osteonekrose als Risikofaktor eines Gelenkflächeneinbruchs. Die Quantifizierung der Knochenveränderung hilft dem zuweisenden Kollegen in der Entscheidung der Therapiewahl, da diese die Prognose beeinflusst. Eine frühzeitige Diagnostik mittels MRT ist notwendig, da konventionell radiologische Frühzeichen fehlen. Hierdurch kann eine adäquate Therapie zeitgerecht eingeleitet werden, um einen Gelenkflächeneinbruch mit sekundärer Arthrose zu verhindern.
PM2.5 ∕ PM10 ratio prediction based on a long short-term memory neural network in Wuhan, China

Abstract. Air pollution is a serious problem in China that urgently needs to be addressed. Air pollution has a great impact on the lives of citizens and on urban development. The particulate matter (PM) value is usually used to indicate the degree of air pollution. In addition to that of PM2.5 and PM10, the use of the PM2.5 ∕ PM10 ratio as an indicator and assessor of air pollution has also become more widespread. This ratio reflects the air pollution conditions and pollution sources. In this paper, a better composite prediction system aimed at improving the accuracy and spatiotemporal applicability of PM2.5 ∕ PM10 was proposed. First, the aerosol optical depth (AOD) in 2017 in Wuhan was obtained based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images, with a 1 km spatial resolution, by using the dense dark vegetation (DDV) method. Second, the AOD was corrected by calculating the planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) and relative humidity (RH). Third, the coefficient of determination of the optimal subset selection was used to select the factor with the highest correlation with PM2.5 ∕ PM10 from meteorological factors and gaseous pollutants. Then, PM2.5 ∕ PM10 predictions based on time, space, and random patterns were obtained by using nine factors (the corrected AOD, meteorological data, and gaseous pollutant data) with the long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network method, which is a dynamic model that remembers historical information and applies it to the current output. Finally, the LSTM model prediction results were compared and analyzed with the results of other intelligent models. The results showed that the LSTM model had significant advantages in the average, maximum, and minimum accuracy and the stability of PM2.5 ∕ PM10 prediction.
MICROWAVE DIATHERMY FOR DEEP HEATING THERAPY OF KNEE JOINT

This study proposes the idea of a thermotherapy device for the treatment of human knee joint disorders by the thermal effect of microwave radiation. The device is composed of a circular array of dipole antennas operating at 2.45 GHz. A high resolution three dimensional geometric, electric, and thermal model for a human right knee is constructed. Electromagnetic simulations are performed to calculate the specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution within the tissues of the human knee using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. The SAR distributions are calculated for four and eight elements circular arrays. The FDTD is applied to calculate the rise in temperature within different tissues of the human knee due to the exposure to different levels of heating microwave power. The effect of the tissue thermoregulatory response on the temperature rise is investigated for each individual tissue type. Moreover, the dependence of the induced steady state rises in tissue temperatures on the absorbed SAR is studied in the case of the SAR at a point in the muscle tissue (local SAR), and the SAR averaged over 1 g (SAR1 g) and over 10 g (SAR10 g). The rise in temperature distribution due to radiation from the circular array of dipoles is calculated at different cross sections.