Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distribution of GABAergic and glycinergic premotor neurons projecting to the facial and hypoglossal nuclei in the rat

The distribution of inhibitory premotor neurons for the facial and hypoglossal nuclei was examined in the lower brainstem of the rat. A retrograde axonal tracing method with the fluorescent tracer, tetramethylrhodamine dextran amine (TMR‐DA), was combined with immunofluorescence histochemistry for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), i.e., the enzyme involved in gamma‐aminobutyric acid synthesis, or glycine. In the rats injected with TMR‐DA unilaterally into the facial or hypoglossal nucleus, the distribution of TMR‐DA‐labeled neurons showing GAD‐like immunoreactivity (GAD/TMR‐DA neurons) was essentially the same as that of TMR‐DA‐labeled neurons displaying glycine‐like immunoreactivity (Gly/TMR‐DA neurons). The distributions of GAD/TMR‐DA and Gly/TMR‐DA neurons in the rats injected with TMR‐DA into the facial nucleus were also similar to those in the rats injected with TMR‐DA into the hypoglossal nucleus. These neurons were seen most frequently in the lateral aspect of the pontine reticular formation, the supratrigeminal region, the dorsal aspect of the lateral reticular formation of the medulla oblongata, and the reticular regions around the raphe magnus nucleus and the gigantocellular reticular nucleus pars alpha, bilaterally with a slight dominance on the side ipsilateral to the injection site. A number of GAD/TMR‐DA and Gly/TMR‐DA neurons were also seen in the oral and interpolar subnuclei of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, bilaterally with a slight ipsilateral dominance. In the rats injected with TMR‐DA into the facial nucleus, GAD/TMR‐DA and Gly/TMR‐DA neurons were also encountered in the paralemniscal zone of the midbrain tegmentum bilaterally with an apparent dominance on the side contralateral to the injection site. A large part of these inhibitory premotor neurons for the facial and hypoglossal nuclei and the excitatory ones may constitute premotor neuron pools common to the orofacial motor nuclei implicated in the control of integrated orofacial movements. J. Comp. Neurol. 378:283–294, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epidermoid cancer of the anus

Anal epidermoid cancer is a rare tumour, being 20 to 30 times less common than colorectal cancer. In the past, most patients have been treated by local excision or abdominoperineal resection of the tumour. However, it is now apparent that anal cancer is sensitive to both irradiation and a variety of chemotherapeutic agents which may modify the role of traditional surgical treatments. The management of anal cancer is controversial. Most data are derived from small, retrospective studies that use a variety of pathological classifications and staging systems. Some also combine their results with those for other types of anal tumour such as melanoma, adenocarcinoma and sarcoma. Most important, however, is failure to differentiate epidermoid cancer arising in the anal canal from that of the anal margin. Tumours a t these two different sites differ in their clinical presentation, pathological features, treatment and prognosis. In this paper we review the pathological and clinical features of epidermoid anal cancer. Tumours in the canal are distinguished from those at the margin. The results of various treatments are analysed and a therapeutic approach based on current data is recommended.
Hemodilution , kidney dysfunction and cardiac surgery

Hemodilution has been used in cardiac surgery to reduce blood viscosity and peripheral vascular resistance, decrease the need for blood transfusions, attenuate the risk of transfusions and diminish systemic inflammatory response syndrome and hospital costs. The lowest hematocrit level during cardiopulmonary bypass has been stated as 20%. However, severe hemodilution in cardiopulmonary bypass for patients undergoing cardiac surgery has been recognized as a risk factor for hospital deaths and reduced long-term survival. The introduction of normothermia restarted the debate about the lowest acceptable hematocrit during cardiopulmonary bypass. The objective of this review is to evaluate hemodilution during cardiac surgery as a risk factor for the development of post-operative acute renal failure.
Heavy metals in plants: phytoremediation: plants used to remediate heavy metal pollution.

In current time the environment is heavily polluted by various toxic metals, which create a danger for all living beings. These metals are retarding farming efficiency and destructing the health of the plants and animals. Now a day "green technology" minimized this problem to some extent. In this technology to clean up the contamination, such plants grow which can tolerant metal. The application of genetic manipulation and the use of naturally occurring metal tolerant plants should accelerate the process of transmitting this technology from experimental place to field. Thus careful investigation of the mechanism of tolerance of heavy metal at physiological and genetic level is essential
MiMAG: mining coherent subgraphs in multi-layer graphs with edge labels

Detecting dense subgraphs such as cliques or quasi-cliques is an important graph mining problem. While this task is established for simple graphs, today’s applications demand the analysis of more complex graphs: In this work, we consider a frequently observed type of graph where edges represent different types of relations. These multiple edge types can also be viewed as different “layers” of a graph, which is denoted as a “multi-layer graph”. Additionally, each edge might be annotated by a label characterizing the given relation in more detail. By simultaneously exploiting all this information, the detection of more interesting subgraphs can be supported. We introduce the multi-layer coherent subgraph model, which defines clusters of vertices that are densely connected by edges with similar labels in a subset of the graph layers. We avoid redundancy in the result by selecting only the most interesting, non-redundant subgraphs for the output. Based on this model, we introduce the best-first search algorithm MiMAG. In thorough experiments, we demonstrate the strengths of MiMAG in comparison with related approaches on synthetic as well as real-world data sets.
Weekly vinblastine in pediatric low‐grade glioma patients with carboplatin allergic reaction

Carboplatin‐based regimens have demonstrated activity in unresectable low‐grade glioma (LGG) in children. Despite an interesting toxicity profile, the use of these regimens has been limited by the development of carboplatin hypersensitivity reaction (HSR) in up to 30% of patients. Desensitization has been the recommended approach for HSR. However, no guidelines have existed to aid physicians when carboplatin desensitization techniques fail.
Acoustic wave biosensor for detecting DNA conformation; A study with QCM-D

This work describes the development of a real-time rapid technique for the quantitative characterization of DNA intrinsic curvature and conformational changes. We present a new approach where a label-free acoustic biosensor (QCM-D) is used for the detection of DNA conformation independently of bound DNA mass. DNA molecules bind to a neutravidin modified device surface by use of a biotin linker. Acoustic results, expressed as the ratio of dissipation over frequency change, DeltaD/Deltaf, provide insight on (intrinsic) viscosity changes [eta] occurring at the sensor/liquid interface as a result of DNA binding. Quantitative results regarding both the size and shape of DNAs were obtained, for the first time, by combining acoustic measurements with a mathematical treatment of solution viscosity theory. More specifically, we show that: DeltaD/Deltaf ~ [eta]. Acoustic measurements can clearly distinguish between ds-DNAs of same shape (rod) but various sizes (lengths of 20 up to 198 bp) and, of same mass and size (90 bp) but in various shapes (ldquostraightrdquo, ldquobentrdquo, ldquotrianglerdquo). Our results agree well with published qualitative observations and suggest that acoustic biosensors can be developed into a powerful tool for studying DNA conformational changes.
Laparoscopic Ovariectomy in Pigs

Laparoscopic ovariohysterctomy is considered as an appropriate substitute for open procedure because of the less morbidity associated with its use (Austin et al., 2003). Smaller incision, less complication and decreased post-operative pain are main advantages of laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy (Davidson et al., 2004). Ovariectomy in pig is a very common surgical procedure in Mizoram. People in this state rear pigs mainly for meat purpose. It is observed that the ovarioectomised pigs grow better, yielding improved quality meat. This paper describes the successful laparoscopic ovariectomy performed in ten gilts.
Circulating biomarkers of angiogenesis as indicators of left ventricular systolic dysfunction amongst patients with coronary artery disease

Background. Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) are often asymptomatic. Angiogenesis is implicated in the physiology of vascular repair and cardiac remodelling, and is one of many pathophysiological processes implicated in heart failure. We hypothesized that plasma indices associated with angiogenesis [angiogenin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and angiopoietin (Ang)‐1 and Ang‐2] would be abnormal in CAD patients with LVSD, being correlated with EF and wall motion abnormalities (wall motion score) independently of underlying CAD (coronary atheroma score). We also evaluated the specificity of angiogenic ‘biomarkers’ in their detection of LVSD [ejection fraction (EF) <40%] amongst CAD patients.
The physiological properties of amine‐containing neurones in the lobster nervous system.

1. Our previous studies have shown that octopamine and serotonin are found associated with a system of neurones in the connective tissue sheath of the second roots of lobster thoracic ganglia. To try to understand the mechanism of activation of these neurones, we undertook an examination of their general physiological properties. 2. All of the neurones receive excitatory synaptic input that has a cholinergic pharmacology, which suggests that it may be from sensory neurones. A very limited number of cells, possibly one, provdes the total synaptic input to all the cells in the roots of the second and third thoracic segments. 3. The cells within one root are electronically coupled to each other. The extent of coupling varies widely between cells; on occasion the coupling is sufficiently tight for action potentials originating in one cell to trigger action potentials in the neighbouring cell. 4. The majority of the cells show no spontaneous activity at temperatures below 14 degrees C, but become spontaneously active above that temperature. Cells cycle reversibly from silent to continuously active to bursting and back as the temperature is increased and decreased. 5. Octopamine and serotonin both inhibit the bursting activity. The octopamine response is blocked by phentolamine but not by propranolol, while the inhibitory action of serotonin is unaffected by either of these drugs. The amine‐inhibition of the firing could be an autoregulatory mechanism for cell activity. 6. The physiological properties described in this paper suggest that the widely dispersed amine‐containing neurones in lobsters behave like a neurosecretory organ in terms of their mechanism of activation.
Addictive links: the motivational value of adaptive link annotation

Adaptive link annotation is a popular adaptive navigation support technology. Empirical studies of adaptive annotation in the educational context have demonstrated that it can help students to acquire knowledge faster, improve learning outcomes, reduce navigational overhead, and encourage non-sequential navigation. In this paper, we present our exploration of a lesser known effect of adaptive annotation, its ability to significantly increase students’ motivation to work with non-mandatory educational content. We explored this effect and confirmed its significance in the context of two different adaptive hypermedia systems. The paper presents and discusses the results of our work.
Estrogen receptors alpha and beta: prevalence of estrogen receptor beta mRNA in human vascular smooth muscle and transcriptional effects.

BACKGROUND Estrogens have vascular effects through the activation of estrogen receptors (ERs). In addition to ERalpha, the first ER to be cloned, a second subtype called ERbeta has recently been discovered. METHODS AND RESULTS Using a reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay that employs the same primer pair to simultaneously amplify ERalpha and ERbeta transcripts, we found that ERbeta is the ER form that is predominantly expressed in human vascular smooth muscle, particularly in women. The transcriptional effects of the 2 ERs in transfected HeLa cells differed. In response to 17beta-estradiol, ERalpha is a stronger transactivator than ERbeta at low receptor concentrations. However, at higher receptor concentrations, ERalpha activity self-squelches, and ERbeta is a stronger transactivator. Tamoxifen has partial agonist effects with ERalpha but not with ERbeta. CONCLUSIONS The protective effects of estrogens in the cardiovascular system of women may be due to the genomic effects of ERbeta in vascular tissue.
A Decentralized Control Strategy for Economic Operation of Autonomous AC, DC, and Hybrid AC/DC Microgrids

Economic operation is a major concern for microgrids (MGs). System operation cost is optimized when the incremental costs (ICs) of all distributed generators (DGs) reach equality. Conventionally, economic dispatch of DGs is solved by centralized control with optimization algorithms or distributed control with consensus algorithms. To improve the reliability, scalability, and economy of MGs, a fully decentralized economic power sharing strategy is proposed in this paper. As frequency is a global state in ac MG and dc bus voltage serves as a natural indicator in dc MG, a frequency-IC droop scheme is proposed for ac MG, a voltage-IC droop scheme is proposed for dc MG, and a normalization scheme is proposed for hybrid ac/dc MG. By using the proposed technique, ICs of DGs reach equality with the convergence of the system global indicator (frequency or dc bus voltage). Then power sharing of each DG is automatically achieved based on its relevant IC function and the total operating cost can be optimized without any communication or central controllers. The proposed approach is implemented in an ac MG, a dc MG, and a hybrid ac/dc MG in MATLAB/Simulink to verify its effectiveness.
Prophylactic Treatment of Endotoxic Shock with Monophosphoryl Lipid A in Newborn Rats

Mortality due to gram-negative septic shock remains high despite advances in medical care. Induction of endotoxin tolerance might be a new treatment strategy to prevent septic shock in the newborn. The present study was performed to show that an injection in pregnant rats of monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), a nontoxic derivative of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), induces tolerance to Salmonella enteritidis LPS and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in their offspring. MPL at a dose of 2 mg/kg was injected into pregnant rats on the 19th day of gestation. Their 0-day-old offspring later received an intraperitoneal injection of S. enteritidis LPS or TNF-α. Newborn rats of MPL-treated dams exhibited a higher survival rate, absence of lactacidemia and lower plasma TNF-α concentration in response to S. enteritidis LPS when compared to the newborn rats of saline-treated dams. Newborn rats of MPL-treated dams were more tolerant to TNF-α than those of saline-treated dams. MPL injection into pregnant rats did not increase plasma endotoxin concentration in the fetuses, suggesting no placental passage took place, but it did increase plasma TNF-α concentration. We concluded that an injection of MPL into pregnant rats induced tolerance to LPS in their offspring, which might be due to TNF-α-induced TNF-α tolerance.
Cheap control performance of a class of nonright-invertible nonlinear systems

For strict-feedback nonlinear systems, this paper shows that it is impossible to reduce to zero the optimal cost in the regulation of more states than the number of control inputs in the system, even using an unrestricted control effort. By constructing a near-optimal cheap control law, we characterize the infimum value of the optimal regulation cost as the optimal value of a reduced-order regulator problem. We illustrate our results with an example on the optimal control of a magnetic suspension system.
From the Editor

In the paper by Frank et al. (1982), "glycocalyx" is applied rather inconsistently. In some instances, the authors use the term according to the definition given by Langer (1978), i.e., glycocalyx = complex of the lamina externa + the coat of cell surface glycoconjugates. In other instances, the application of the term differs from Langer's definition: in several figures (Figs. 1; 3, a and b; 5a), a structure clearly being only the lamina externa is labeled "glycocalyx. " This may mislead a reader who does not make the effort to go back to the origin of this term, and it erroneously suggests that glycocalyx and external lamina are two names for the same structural entity. Quite apart from the inconsistent application of the term in the paper of Frank et al. (1982), I believe that the definition of "glycocalyx" as suggested and propagated by Langer (1978) and his collaborators is very unfortunate and may create terminological confusion. Langer (1978), in giving his definition, refers to a lecture of Bennett (1963) who originally coined the purely descriptive term "glycocalyx" which, by that time, comprised all sorts of carbohydrate-containing materials seen on the outer aspect of animal cells, including the basal lamina and external lamina. In subsequent years, this covering material was characterized in detail, and it is now clear that the basal (or external) lamina (Kefalides et al., 1979) and the coat of cell surface glycoconjugates (Glick and Flowers, 1978; Olden et al., 1982) are entirely different, structurally, biochemically, and functionally. The term "glycocalyx" gradually became confined to the plasmalemma-integrated coat of glycoconjugates (Bloom and Fawcett, 1975; Pigman, 1977), and all morphologists, biochemists, and cell biologists would use and understand this term in its confined sense. The misleading and nonjustified character of the term "glycocalyx" in its original sense (Bennett 1963) has been explained very clearly by Martinez-Palomo (1970) and by Cook and Stoddart (1973). All the more so, it is not plausible why the term in its old-fashioned sense was brought up again in 1978. Sarcolemma
DcR3/TR6 modulates immune cell interactions

DcR3/TR6, a secreted protein, is a member of TNF receptor family. Its ligands include FasL, LIGHT, and TL1A, all TNF family members. TR6 can interfere with FasL‐ or LTβR‐mediated apoptosis; it can also inhibit T‐cell costimulation by blocking the two‐way signaling between TR2 and LIGHT, and the one‐way signaling from TL1A to DR3. In this study, we discovered that TR6 was secreted by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated by T‐cell mitogens. It inhibited actin polymerization of T cells upon mitogen stimulation, and repress T‐cell pseudopodium formation, which is known to be important for cell–cell interaction. As a consequence, T‐cell aggregation stimulated by alloantigens, anti‐CD3 or PHA was suppressed by either soluble or solid phase TR6‐Fc. This result suggests that TR6 might regulate T‐cell interaction with other cells such as antigen‐presenting cells (APC) or their fellow T cells by preventing them from forming inseparable cell clusters, which are undesirable for the progression of immune responses. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Population migration and team loyalty in professional sports.

OBJECTIVES Within the long line of inquiry on demand for sport, one area that has gone relatively unexamined is that of domestic migration. In this research, the relationship between population migration and team loyalty is explored. METHODS A linear mixed model uses data from the U.S. Census Bureau and Nielsen Company to analyze the effect domestic migration has on demand for National Football League games. RESULTS Ratings were higher in population centers with smaller per-capita population inflow (regardless of the origins of the inflow). The results further showed that increases in population flow from City A to City B were associated with increased demand for broadcasts in City B when Team B visited City A. CONCLUSIONS The first finding suggests that sports viewership is not utilized as a vehicle for domestic transplants to integrate into their new community. The second finding suggests there is a nostalgia effect for an individual's previous hometown, though not necessarily for the team representing it in the league.
A load-balancing approach based on modified K-ELM and NSGA-II in a heterogeneous cloud environment

MapReduce is a popular programming model widely used in distributed systems. With regard to large-scale applications, e.g. home energy management in a city, online social community etc., load-balancing becomes critical affecting the performance of distributed computing. Present proposed load-balancing approaches in MapReduce aim at optimizing task execution time, whereas disk space is not considered. In this paper, a new scheme which consists of modified K-ELM and NSGA-II is proposed. Corresponding experiment results have shown that our method can assign tasks evenly, and effectively improve the performance of a cloud system.
Smallpox and its eradication

worked for the smallpox eradi-cation programme in western Africa in 1962-1963 as a member of the staff of the W H O Regional Office for Africa. In 1964 he was transferred t o W H O Headquarters in Geneva, and in 1966 he joined the Smallpox Eradication unit, of which he was Chief from 1977 until 1984. He is now Director of the Kumamoto National Hospital in Japan and a member of the advisory group on international health of the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan. while at the Communicable Disease Center in the USA, was responsible in 1965-1 966 for the planning of the western and central African smallpox eradication-measles control programme, conducted with the support of the United States Agency for International Development. USSR from 1983 until his death in 1987. T h e authors alone are responsible for t h e views expressed i n t h i s publication. The World Health Organization welcomes such applications. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers' products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters.