Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Experiment 2 : Yohimbine treatment during extinction reduces spontaneous recovery

Deepened extinction following compound stimulus presentation: Noradrenergic modulation Patricia H. Janak and Laura H. Corbit Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, University of California at San Francisco, Emeryville, California 94608, USA Department of Neurology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA; School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006 Australia
Novel Scheme for Joint Estimation of SNR, Doppler, and Carrier Frequency Offset in Double-Selective Wireless Channels

As receiver performance will be degraded by carrier frequency offset (CFO), Doppler shift, and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), a novel estimator that jointly considers CFO, Doppler shift, and SNR is proposed in this paper. The proposed algorithm uses the Fourier transform (FT) to calculate the power spectral density of time-varying channels through channel estimates. Then, a new periodogram technique is utilized to estimate CFO, Doppler shift, and SNR together. Unlike conventional methods in sinusoid estimation, which rely on the peak-value search of a periodogram, this paper exploits the hypothesis test to address the random frequency modulation of time-varying channels. Furthermore, to optimize estimation performance, a theoretical analysis is also provided on the influences of some key parameters, e.g., the length of the signal processed with fast FT , the amplitude threshold value, the SNR dynamic range, and the velocity dynamic range. Correspondingly, the appropriate key parameters are chosen according to this analysis and are validated by simulations. The results are consistent with our analysis and present high accuracy over a wide range of velocities and SNRs.
Finding Minimum Optimal Path Securely Using Homomorphic Encryption Schemes in Computer Networks

In this paper we find a secure routing protocol for computer networks, which finds minimum optimum path using homomorphic encryption schemes. We briefly look into the existing homomorphic encryption algorithms. We make use of ElGamal encryption, Elliptic Curve encryption and a privacy homomorphism, which exhibits the property of homomorphism in our new routing protocol. Elliptic curve exhibits the property of additive homomorphism and is computationally faster than ElGamal and RSA. However, the privacy homomorphism using mod operation is computationally much faster than both ElGamal and Elliptic Curve. Using the homomorphic property of these encryption algorithms, we propose three new protocols, which are ElGamal, Elliptic Curve and Privacy Homomorphism to find the minimum optimal path securely. These protocols provide confidentiality.
A pattern reconfigurable dielectric resonator antenna array for adaptive MIMO systems

This paper presents our latest study on the design of reconfigurable antennas and the performance achievable by employing such antennas in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. The proposed antenna system consists of two identical dielectric resonator antennas (DRA) placed on a horizontal ground plane and separated by a distance of 0.2}i at design frequency of 2.45 GHz. Each element has three different radiation modes: TEx mode, TEy mode and a monopole mode. By switching between these modes, the induced current distribution on DRA can be changed, resulting in different radiation patterns, which can achieve pattern reconfiguration to increase channel capacity in varying channel conditions. The performance with such reconfigurable antennas in a 2×2 MIMO system is evaluated using ray-tracing simulations in an indoor environment.
Background change detection using wavelet transform

Detecting stationary objects in a scene has become a significant factor in image processing for the past few years due to its many applications in the field of safety and security. In most image surveillance systems, subtraction of images is the key to perform detection of objects in a scene. In this paper, the subtraction process will be utilizing the capabilities of Haar wavelet family. The wavelet transform will be employed in separating the foreground from the background as well as other operations and processes in order to come up with only the stationary objects in the scene. The study has three main processes namely: background modeling, subtraction and detection. The median function was used to model the background, Haar wavelet family for the subtraction process, and AND operation and Canny method for the edge detection process. The methods used resulted to satisfactory outputs giving the system a success rate of 95.11% with a confidence level of 100% in detecting 70% of the stationary objects added to or removed from the scene.
Principles of pain management.

Opioid refers to drugs with morphine like actions, both natural and synthetic. Examples of opioids are: codeine, morphine, hydromorphone, oxycodone, fentanyl and methadone. (1) • Short acting opioid medications are also called immediate release (IR). These can come in oral, suppository, gel or parenteral formulations. (2) • Long acting opioid medications are also called sustained release (SR), controlled release (CR) or extended release (ER). These can come in oral or transdermal formulations. (1) • Total Daily Dose (TDD) is the 24 hour total of a drug that is taken including regular and breakthrough doses. (2) • Steady state is when the rate of drug availability and elimination equal one another. (1) • Breakthrough Dose (BTD) is an additional dose used to control breakthrough pain (a transitory flare of pain that occurs on a background of relatively well controlled baseline pain). It does not replace or delay the next routine dose. BTD is also known as a rescue dose. (2)
Triple-band dipole antenna with wideband balun

A triple-band dipole antenna with a wideband balun is proposed, which consists of two dipoles and a bulan. The dipole with two stubs is designed for covering the WLAN bandwidth, another dipole with a stub is designed for covering the WiMAX bandwidth.The size of it is 30mm×25mm, which is based on the substrate having a dielectric constant of 2.55 and the thickness of 0.8mm. The measured return loss has good agreement with the simulated around 2.45/3.5/5.5GHz bands. This antenna would be applied in wireless systems.
Protein kinase Cε interacts with Stat3 and regulates its activation that is essential for the development of skin cancer

Protein kinase C (PKC) represents a large family of phosphatidylserine (PS)‐dependent serine/threonine protein kinases. At least six PKC isoforms (α, δ, ε, η, µ, and ζ) are expressed in epidermis. PKC is a major intracellular receptor for 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA) and is also activated by a variety of stress factors including ultraviolet radiation (UVR). PKC isozymes (α, δ, ε, and η), exhibit specificities to the development of skin cancer. PKCε, a calcium‐insensitive PKC isoform, is linked to the development of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) elicited either by the 7,12‐Dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)‐TPA protocol or by repeated exposures to UVR. PKCε overexpressing transgenic mice, when treated either with TPA or exposed to UVR, elicit similar responses such as inhibition of apoptosis, promotion of cell survival, and development of SCC. PKCε overexpression increases Stat3 activation after either TPA treatment or UVR exposure. Both PKCε and signal transducers and activators of transcription‐3 (Stat3) are implicated in the development of SCC. However, the link between PKCε and Stat3 remains elusive. We found that PKCε interacts with Stat3. PKCε interaction with Stat3 was dependent upon UVR treatment. In reciprocal immunoprecipitation/blotting experiments, Stat3 coimmunoprecipitated with PKCε. Colocalization of PKCε with Stat3 was confirmed by double immunofluorescence staining. PKCε interaction with Stat3 was PKCε isoform specific and was not observed with other protein kinases. As observed in vitro with immunocomplex kinase assay with immunopurified PKCε and Stat3, PKCε phosphorylated Stat3 at the serine 727 residue. PKCε depletion prevented Stat3Ser727 phosphorylation, Stat3 DNA binding, and transcriptional activity. The results presented indicate that PKCε mediates Stat3 activation. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Parametric Study of Electroosmotically Driven Flow of Power-Law Fluid in a Cylindrical Microcapillary at High Zeta Potential

Due to the increasingly wide application of electroosmotic flow in micromachines, this paper investigates the electroosmotic flow of the power-law fluid under high zeta potential in a cylindrical microcapillary for different dimensionless parameters. The electric potential distribution inside a cylindrical microcapillary is presented by the complete Poisson-Boltzmann equation applicable to an arbitrary zeta potential. By solving the Cauchy momentum equation of power-law fluids, the velocity profile, the volumetric flow rate, the average velocity, the shear stress distribution and dynamic viscosity of electroosmotic flow of power-law fluids in a cylindrical microcapillary are studied for different low/high zeta potential, flow behavior index, dimensionless electrokinetic width. The velocity profile gradually changes from parabolic to plug-like shape as the flow behavior index decreases or as the dimensionless electrokinetic width increases. For shear thinning fluids, the viscosity is greater in the center of the microchannel than that near the channel wall, the reverse is true for the shear thickening fluids. Greater volumetric rate and average velocity can be achieved by enhancing the dimensionless electrokinetic width, flow behavior index and zeta potential. It is noted that zeta potential and flow behavior index are important parameters to adjust electroosmotic flow behavior in a cylindrical microcapillary.
Difference in disease features between childhood-onset and adult-onset systemic lupus erythematosus.

OBJECTIVE To investigate potential differences between childhood-onset and adult-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS An inception cohort with childhood-onset SLE (n = 67) was compared with an inception cohort with adult-onset SLE (n = 131), each of whom was diagnosed between 1990 and 1998 and followed up until February 1999. Prospective information included data on medications, laboratory markers, and disease activity and damage as measured by the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) and the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI), respectively. RESULTS Eighty-five percent of patients with childhood-onset SLE and 88% of patients with adult-onset SLE were female; the mean duration of followup was 3.2 and 3.5 years, respectively. On average, the children had more-active disease than did the adults at the time of diagnosis and during followup. There was a higher incidence of renal disease in those with childhood-onset SLE (78% versus 52% in adults; P = 0.0005), and the adjusted mean SLEDAI renal score was higher in the children than in the adults (2.37 versus 0.82; P < 0.0001). Treatment with steroids (97% versus 72%; P < 0.0001) and immunosuppressive drugs (66% versus 37%; P = 0.0001) was used significantly more often in children with SLE. Four adult patients with SLE, but none of the children, died during the followup. At the end of the followup, the mean SDI scores in those with childhood-onset SLE were higher than those with adult-onset SLE (1.70 versus 0.76; P = 0.008). CONCLUSION Children with childhood-onset SLE have more active disease at presentation and over time than do adults with SLE, especially active renal disease. Compared with adults with SLE, children receive more intensive drug therapy and accrue more damage, often related to steroid toxicity.
Differential Expressions of Selected Activating and Inhibitory Receptors on K562-Stimulated Natural Killer (NK) Cells in HIV-1 and HIV-2 Infections

Context: The functional activity of NK cells depends on the balance between the engagement of activating and inhibitory receptors on the cell surface with their ligands, which enables them to kill infected cells. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare expressions of selected activating and inhibitory receptors on stimulated NK cells in HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections. Methods: PBMCs were analysed for activating (NKp30, NKp44, NKp46) and inhibitory (CD158a, CD158b, p70) receptor expressions in 30 HIV-1, 30 HIV-2 and 30 HIV uninfected healthy control (HC) subjects by flow cytometry after stimulating with K562 cells. Results: There was an expression of other receptors following an already in vitro engagement of NK cells with K562 cells. Higher expression of the activating receptors, NKp44 (p = 0.029) and NKp46 (p = 0.032) on NK cells from HIV-2 compared to HIV-1 infected individuals but similar NKp30 expression (p = 0.980). The levels of expression of inhibitory receptor CD158a were similar between HIV-1 and HIV-2 infected subjects (p = 0.309) but there was significant up-regulation of inhibitory receptors p70 (p = 0.010) and CD158b (p = 0.05) in HIV-1 compared to HIV-2 subjects. Conclusion: Despite the in vitro engagement of NK cells with stimulating K562 cells, our data showed differential expressions of other selected activating and inhibitory receptors in HIV-1 and HIV-2 infected subjects.
Effects of Various Modalities of Oral Furosemide Administration in Mild or Severe Congestive Heart Failure

Background: This study evaluated the optimal formulation (tablet vs solution) and frequency (once vs twice daily) of maintenance oral furosemide in compensated congestive heart failure (CHF). Methods and Results: Eighteen patients with mild (group 1) and 18 with severe (group 2) CHF were studied. On 2 consecutive days each patient's individual fixed oral furosemide daily dosage was administered in tablet or solution in a crossover design. In an additional study. 14 patients with severe CHF received the daily dosage in tablet or solution form in two divided doses. Pharmacokinetic data were obtained in six randomly allocated patients of each group, during the once daily administration periods of either formulation. Twenty-four-hour urinary sodium and 12-hour volume were significantly greater in group 1 following furosemide solution versus tablets. In group 2, all parameters were comparable in response to single identical doses in tablets or solution. as well as to once versus twice daily administration of either formulation. These results coincided with a higher Cmax and a shorter tmax following solution. Conclusions: A once-daily oral furosemide solution is more effective than the same dosage in tablet form in patients with mild, but not those with severe, CHF. In patients with severe CHF. the natriuretic and diuretic effects are similar whether oral furosemide in tablet or solution is administered in a once or twice daily schedule.
Randomized Phase II Trial of Letrozole plus Anti-MUC1 Antibody AS1402 in Hormone Receptor–Positive Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer

Purpose: AS1402 is a humanized immunoglobulin G1 antibody that targets the aberrantly glycosylated antigen MUC1, which is overexpressed in 90% of breast tumors and contributes to estrogen-mediated growth and survival of breast cancer cells in vitro by modulating estrogen receptor (ER) activity. Aromatase inhibitors have been reported to enhance antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity elicited by antibodies in vitro. We compared the outcomes of patients with breast cancer treated with letrozole with or without AS1402. Experimental Design: The study population included 110 patients with locally advanced or metastatic hormone receptor–positive breast cancer randomized to receive 2.5 mg letrozole only once daily or with a weekly 9 mg/kg AS1402 infusion. The primary endpoint was overall response rate. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival, time to progression, and safety. AS1402 exposure and influence of allotypes of FcγRIIIa, FcγRIIa, and MUC1 were evaluated. Results: The study was stopped early because of a trend toward worse response rates and a higher rate of early disease progression in the AS1402 + letrozole arm. Final analysis revealed no significant difference in efficacy between the study arms. Evaluated gene polymorphisms did not define patient subgroups with improved outcomes. Addition of AS1402 to letrozole was associated with manageable toxicity. Conclusions: Because adding AS1402 to letrozole did not improve outcomes compared with letrozole only, blocking ER may be a better strategy for harnessing MUC1 modulation of the ER to a clinical advantage. FcγRIIIa, FcγRIIa, and MUC1 allotype did not predict outcome for patients treated with letrozole with or without AS1402. Clin Cancer Res; 17(21); 6822–30. ©2011 AACR.
Russulaceae in American Samoa: new species and further support for an Australasian origin for Samoan ectomycorrhizal fungi

Two new species from the Russulaceae, Lactifluus aurantiotinctus and Russula pallidirosea, are described from American Samoa. Based on analyses of nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region barcodes (ITS), L. aurantiotinctus has an affinity to subgenus Lactariopsis and strong phylogeographic ties to Papua New Guinea. The ITS data indicate that Russula pallidirosea has an affinity to subgenus Heterophyllidia and suggest that it also has phylogeographic ties to Australasia. Both species were associated with the ectomycorrhizal tree Intsia bijuga.
Three-Dimensional Evaluation of the Upper Airway Morphological Changes in Growing Patients with Skeletal Class III Malocclusion Treated by Protraction Headgear and Rapid Palatal Expansion: A Comparative Research

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological changes of upper airway after protraction headgear and rapid maxillary expansion (PE) treatment in growing patients with Class III malocclusion and maxillary skeletal deficiency compared with untreated Class III patients by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods Thirty growing patients who have completed PE therapy were included in PE group. The control group (n = 30) was selected from the growing untreated patients with the same diagnosis. The CBCT scans of the pre-treatment (T1) and post-treatment (T2) of PE group and the control group were collected. Reconstruction and registration of the 3D models of T1 and T2 were completed. By comparing the data obtained from T1, T2 and control group, the morphological changes of the upper airway during the PE treatment were evaluated. Results Comparing with the data from T1 group, the subspinale (A) of maxilla and the upper incisor (UI) of the T2 group were moved in the anterior direction. The gnathion (Gn) of mandible was moved in the posterior-inferior direction. The displacement of the hyoid bone as well as the length and width of dental arch showed significant difference. The volume and mean cross-sectional area of nasopharynx, velopharynx and glossopharynx region showed significant difference. The largest anteroposterior/the largest lateral (AP/LR) ratios of the velopharynx and glossopharynx were increased, but the AP/LR ratio of the hypopharynx was decreased. In addition, the length and width of the maxillary dental arch, the displacement of the hyoid bone, the volume of nasopharynx and velopharynx, and the AP/LR ratio of the hypopharynx and velopharynx showed significant difference between the data from control and T2 group. Conclusion The PE treatment of Class Ⅲ malocclusion with maxillary skeletal hypoplasia leads to a significant increase in the volume of nasopharynx and velopharynx.
Binding energy, conformational change, and the mechanism of transmembrane solute movements

INTRODUCTION . 214 THE GENERAL TRANSPORT PARADIGM. 215 SPECIFIC TRANSPORTERS. 217 Facilitated Diffusion Systems . 217 Transporters Coupled to Electrochemical Ion Gradients . 218 Transporters Coupled to Chemical Transformations . 221 CONCLUSION. 226 ACKNOWLEDGMENT . 226 LITERATURE CITED. 227
High-Transmission-Efficiency 120  $^{\circ}$ Photonic Crystal Waveguide Bend by Using Flexible Structural Defects

We numerically studied a high-output-transmission-efficiency low-reflection-loss 120° photonic crystal (PhC) waveguide bend based on a PhC slab with triangular-lattice air holes. The desired high output transmission efficiency was achieved by introducing flexible structural defects into the bend region of the waveguide. Simulation results obtained using a 3-D finite-difference time-domain method indicated that normalized output transmission as high as 94.3% and negligible normalized reflection loss of 0.1% were obtained at the 1550-nm optical wavelength. Furthermore, the normalized output transmission was more than 90% within the entire optical C-band. In addition, sensitivity of the design parameters of the structural defect was studied to understand the tolerance in the fabrication error, while maintaining high output transmission efficiency.
Health Risk Factors in Different Seasons of Carpet Industry in Kashmir, India

Abstract Carpet workers are exposed to different types of health risk factors in different seasons of the year. As the environmental conditions become harsh, risk for developing various types of diseases increases. These problems are further aggravated when the environmental conditions at the workplace deteriorate. An attempt has been made to study the health risk factors in the carpet industry in different seasons of the year. It has been concluded that in winter weavers are affected by several types of health risk factors as compared to the other seasons.
Characterization of Rotavirus Cell Entry

ABSTRACT While recently we have learned much about the viral and cellular proteins involved in the initial attachment of rotaviruses to MA104 cells, the mechanism by which these viruses reach the interior of the cell is poorly understood. For this study, we observed the effects of drugs and of dominant-negative mutants, known to impair clathrin-mediated endocytosis and endocytosis mediated by caveolae, on rotavirus cell infection. Rotaviruses were able to enter cells in the presence of compounds that inhibit clathrin-mediated endocytosis as well as cells overexpressing a dominant-negative form of Eps15, a protein crucial for the assembly of clathrin coats. We also found that rotaviruses infected cells in which caveolar uptake was blocked; treatment with the cholesterol binding agents nystatin and filipin, as well as transfection of cells with dominant-negative caveolin-1 and caveolin-3 mutants, had no effect on rotavirus infection. Interestingly, cells treated with methyl-β-cyclodextrin, a drug that sequesters cholesterol from membranes, and cells expressing a dominant-negative mutant of the large GTPase dynamin, which is known to function in several membrane scission events, were not infected by rotaviruses, indicating that cholesterol and dynamin play a role in the entry of rotaviruses.