Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D deficiency in older men.

CONTEXT Vitamin D deficiency is not adequately evaluated in older men. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and identify risk factors for its occurrence. DESIGN AND SETTING We conducted a cross-sectional evaluation of 1606 older men in the general community who were enrolled in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study. PARTICIPANTS A randomly selected subcohort of a large population of men from six U.S. communities participated in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D(2) [25(OH)D(2)] and 25(OH)D(3) were measured using mass spectrometry. RESULTS Deficiency [25(OH)D <20 ng/ml] was present in 26%, and insufficiency (<30 ng/ml) was present in 72%. Deficiency was particularly common among men during the winter and spring (especially in the northern communities) and in the oldest and more obese men. For instance, in Caucasian men in winter or spring who were >80 yr old, did not engage in lawn/garden work, and had a body mass index greater than 25 kg/m(2) and vitamin D intake below 400 IU/d, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 86%. 25(OH)D(2) levels were present in a small fraction of men and accounted for a low proportion of total 25(OH)D levels. The use of vitamin D supplements was reported by 58% of men, but supplement use had a small effect on total 25(OH)D levels and, despite supplement use, low levels remained frequent. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency is common in older men and is especially prevalent in obese, sedentary men living at higher latitudes. Use of vitamin D supplements at levels reported here did not result in adequate vitamin D nutrition.
Etude expérimentale et théorique du début de l'atomisation des films liquides cisaillés horizontaux en présence d'un changement brusque de géométrie : application aux essuie-glaces

La conduite a grande vitesse d’une voiture dans des conditions dangereuses, tel un environnement tres poussiereux, est une des situations auxquelles sont confrontes les conducteurs. Dans ce cas, les essuie-glaces doivent fonctionner correctement et nettoyer efficacement le pare-brise sale pour a la fois assurer la securite des passagers et le bon fonctionnement des differents organes du vehicule. La mise en route des essuie-glaces entraine l’activation des buses d’injection du liquide nettoyant qui s’atomise et qui se depose sur les essuie-glaces et le pare-brise. Une fine couche du liquide se developpe sur les surfaces des balais d’essuie-glace. Lorsque l’injection s’arrete et que les essuie-glaces continuent leur mouvement, la fine couche de liquide interagit avec le champ d’ecoulement d’air exterieur. Il en resulte une generation de gouttelettes qui sont emportees par l’air en s’eloignant des balais d’essuie-glace. Une partie de ces gouttelettes impacte le pare-brise avec pour consequence un nettoyage insuffisant et une mauvaise visibilite pour le conducteur. Dans cet exemple, les essuie-glaces peuvent a la fois enlever la poussiere du pare-brise mais aussi etre a l’origine de la formation des gouttelettes et de leur impact sur le pare-brise. Le phenomene d’interaction air-liquide sur les essuie-glaces produisant une generation de gouttelettes, leur transport et leur impact sur le pare-brise est connu sous le vocable ‘Overspray’ dans le domaine de l’automobile. Il est important de tenir compte du phenomene d’Overspray pour la conception et larealisation des essuie-glaces. Bien que ce phenomene ait ete mis en evidence depuis longtemps, les mecanismes qui le regissent demeurent encore peu connus. C’est pour cette raison que les essuie-glaces ne parviennent pas a satisfaire tous les criteres de qualite liee a leur fonction. Cette these vise a une meilleure comprehension du phenomene de l’Overspray en mettant l’accent sur les interactions air-liquide pour la generation des gouttelettes, et plus particulierement sur les conditions critiques ou le film commence a s’atomiser. Cette etude a ete realisee essentiellement par voie experimentale a partir de laquelle un modele a ete propose.
La transición a la vida activa de los jóvenes

Las investigaciones sobre el tr? nsito de la etapa juvenil a la vida adulta aparecen en Espa? a a finales de los a? os setenta, de la mano de los estudios sociol? gi cos que sobre la juventud realizan diversos organismos (Administraci? n central y auton? micas), a partir de una gran preocupaci? n por las dificultades de inser ci? n que encuentra este grupo social para incorporarse a la vida adulta1. El tr? nsito a la vida adulta, analizado como un pro ceso, ha sido definido por la adquisici? n de tres tipos de autonom? as: la autonom? a familiar o independencia de la familia de origen, la autonom? a personal o esta blecimiento de relaciones de pareja estables, y la auto nom? a econ? mica conseguida a trav? s del empleo (Z? rraga 1085)2. Los problemas de inserci? n laboral de la juventud actual, unidos a la importancia b? sica de la indepen dencia econ? mica para el logro de una total autono m? a, han centrado el debate te? rico en el problema del paro y el empleo; as? , el tr? nsito a la vida adulta ha sido analizado a trav? s de varias etapas que conducen a la adquisici? n de una independencia econ? mica y, con ella, al acceso a otro tipo de autonom? as propias de la condici? n de adulto (Casal, Masjuan y Planas 1989). Este modelo, basado en investigaciones realizadas con j? venes de ? mbitos urbanos, y que constituye el ? nico modelo te? rico para el an? lisis de la inserci? n laboral de los j? venes, es ultilizado, actualmente, para el dise? o de pol? ticas de empleo y formaci? n orienta das a la poblaci? n juvenil. En ? l, el tr? nsito a la vida adulta pasa, necesariamente, por la adquisici? n de la independencia econ? mica, a la que seguir? la indepen dencia espacial; las trayectorias laborales son, pues, la v? a b? sica para el logro de la condici? n de adulto. Estas trayectorias laborales se definen a partir del curricu lum formativo de cada joven; as? , la formaci? n constitu ye el elemento diferenciador de las trayectorias labora les.
Ion permeation properties of the glutamate receptor channel in cultured embryonic Drosophila myotubes.

Ion permeation properties of the glutamate receptor channel in cultured myotubes of Drosophila embryos were studied using the inside‐out configuration of the patch‐clamp technique. Lowering the NaCl concentration in the bath (intracellular solution), while maintaining that of the external solution constant, caused a shift of the reversal potential in the positive direction, thus indicating a higher permeability of the channel to Na+ than to Cl‐ (PCl/PNa < 0.04), and suggesting that the channel is cation selective. With 145 mM Na+ on both sides of the membrane, the single‐channel current‐voltage relation was almost linear in the voltage range between ‐80 and +80 mV, the conductance showing some variability in the range between 140 and 170 pS. All monovalent alkali cations tested, as well as NH4+, permeated the channel effectively. Using the Goldman‐Hodgkin‐Katz equation for the reversal potential, the permeability ratios with respect to Na+ were estimated to be: 1.32 for K+, 1.18 for NH4+, 1.15 for Rb+, 1.09 for Cs+, and 0.57 for Li+. Divalent cations, i.e. Mg2+ and Ca2+, in the external solution depressed not only the inward but also the outward Na+ currents, although reversal potential measurements indicated that both ions have considerably higher permeabilities than Na+ (PMg/PNa = 2.31; PCa/PNa = 9.55). The conductance‐activity relation for Na+ was described by a hyperbolic curve. The maximal conductance was about 195 pS and the half‐saturating activity 45 mM. This result suggests that Na+ ions bind to sites in the channel. All data were fitted by a model based on the Eyring's reaction rate theory, in which the receptor channel is a one‐ion pore with three energy barriers and two internal sites.
Polycyclic Peptide Therapeutics

Owing to their excellent binding properties, high stability, and low off‐target toxicity, polycyclic peptides are an attractive molecule format for the development of therapeutics. Currently, only a handful of polycyclic peptides are used in the clinic; examples include the antibiotic vancomycin, the anticancer drugs actinomycin D and romidepsin, and the analgesic agent ziconotide. All clinically used polycyclic peptide drugs are derived from natural sources, such as soil bacteria in the case of vancomycin, actinomycin D and romidepsin, or the venom of a fish‐hunting coil snail in the case of ziconotide. Unfortunately, nature provides peptide macrocyclic ligands for only a small fraction of therapeutic targets. For the generation of ligands of targets of choice, researchers have inserted artificial binding sites into natural polycyclic peptide scaffolds, such as cystine knot proteins, using rational design or directed evolution approaches. More recently, large combinatorial libraries of genetically encoded bicyclic peptides have been generated de novo and screened by phage display. In this Minireview, the properties of existing polycyclic peptide drugs are discussed and related to their interesting molecular architectures. Furthermore, technologies that allow the development of unnatural polycyclic peptide ligands are discussed. Recent application of these technologies has generated promising results, suggesting that polycyclic peptide therapeutics could potentially be developed for a broad range of diseases.
On the inverse dynamics problem of general parallel robots

In the present paper we introduce a general solution of the inverse dynamics problem of any parallel robot including mechanisms with reduced mobility as well as redundant structures. Starting from the Denavit-Hartenberg and physical parameters we derive the robot's dynamics equation using the subsystems method and the Lagrangian formalism. After choosing the minimal coordinates the obtained equations are reduced to the minimal form based on the coordinate partitioning method. A main advantage is that the equations of motion are derived exclusively in an analytical form which allows the implementation into symbolic computation software, e.g. Maple. As a result, we automatically obtain the inverse dynamics solution which can directly be translated to optimized C-code and therefore be used in real-time applications. Several examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Low power-low cost horizontal axis wind turbine for 350 W applications

This paper describes a design and implementation of a low power wind turbine. The designed turbine is a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine (HAWT), meaning that axis of rotation is parallel to the ground. Rotor, blades, supporting hub, and drive train are designed using computational software. Implemented wind turbine was tested and experimental results were obtained for 3.5 m/s to 9 m/s wind speed.
Uric Acid Causes Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation by Entering Cells via a Functional Urate Transporter

Background: Soluble uric acid stimulates vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation by activating mitogen-activated protein kinases, and stimulating COX-2 and PDGF synthesis. The mechanism by which uric acid enters the VSMC is not known. We hypothesized that uric acid enters via transporters similar to that observed in the kidney. Methods: We studied the uptake of uric acid into rat VSMC under polarized and depolarized conditions and in the presence of organic anion transport (OAT) inhibitors (probenecid and benzbromarone) or p-aminohippurate (PAH). We also examined the ability of probenecid to inhibit uric acid-induced VSMC proliferation and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) synthesis. Results:14C-Urate uptake was shown in VSMC and was enhanced under depolarized conditions. 14C-Uric acid uptake was inhibited by probenecid and benzbromarone, as well as by unlabelled urate and PAH. Probenecid blocked VSMC proliferation and MCP-1 expression in response to uric acid. VSMC did not express rOAT1-3, rOAT-5 or URAT-1 mRNA by PCR, but did express the voltage-sensitive transporter (UAT) by both PCR and RNase protection assay. Conclusions: Urate enters VSMC by both voltage-sensitive and OAT pathways, and the uptake, cell proliferation and MCP-1 expression can be blocked by OAT inhibitors. The specific transporter(s) responsible for the urate uptake remains to be determined.
Implementation issues of multivoxel STEAM‐localized 1H spectroscopy

Single‐voxel STEAM‐localized spectroscopy studies of neuropsychiatric patients yield high‐quality data at short echo times, but are often limited to only a few regions of interest due to the linear increase of acquisition time with the number of regions examined. A multivoxel STEAM approach increases the number of regions of interest examined with a less than linear increase in acquisition time. Several implementation issues were considered, especially the signal contribution of outer voxel stimulated echoes (OVSE), which can lead to systematic errors in the quantification of relative metabolite concentrations. The relative signal contribution of OVSEs was found to be as great as 30% in phantoms. Gradient polarity switching completely canceled the contribution of OVSEs. A two‐voxel STEAM approach produces phantom and in vivo data quality comparable to single‐voxel STEAM in practically half the time. Quantification precision and accuracy are preserved in phantoms and in vivo. Magn Reson Med 53:713–718, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Flourish – A robotic approach for automation in crop management

The goal of the Flourish project is to bridge the g ap between the current and desired capabilities of agricultural robots by developing a n adaptable robotic solution for precision farming. Thereby, combining the aerial survey capab ilities of a small autonomous multicopter Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) with a multi-p ur ose agricultural Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV), the system will be able to su rvey a field from the air, perform targeted intervention on the ground, and provide de tailed information for decision support, all with minimal user intervention. The system can be a dapted to a wide range of farm management activities and different crops by choosi ng d fferent sensors, status indicators and ground treatment packages. The gathered information can be used alongside existing precision agriculture machinery, for example, by pr oviding position maps for variable rate fertilizer application. The presentation will introduce the Flourish consor tium and the concept of this project using the results of the first year field campaign. Two k ey parts of the project will be shown in more detail: first, the field mapping by means of a n UAV. Particularly, the field 3D reconstruction approach (Khanna et al. 2015) and th e use of multi-spectral camera data to derive weed pressure or crop property maps (Liebisc h et al. 2014) with examples for subsequent crop management decision support. The se cond part will show the automated image acquisition by the UGV and a subsequent plant cl ssification with a four step pipeline differentiating crop from weed in real time (Lottes t al. 2015). The presentation will close with a short outlook on not shown project packages like automated orientation and movement of the UAV and UGV and the project’s time line.
MK-591 acutely restores glomerular size selectivity and reduces proteinuria in human glomerulonephritis.

BACKGROUND Leukotrienes are 5-lipoxygenated (5-LO) metabolites of arachidonic acid that mediate some of the glomerular hemodynamic and structural changes in experimental and human glomerulonephritis. METHODS We conducted an open-label, pilot study of the short-term effects of leukotriene biosynthesis inhibition using an orally active 5-LO activating protein (FLAP) antagonist (MK-591) on glomerular function in patients with glomerulonephritis. Eleven adult patients (seven women, median age 38 years) with glomerulonephritis (5 lupus nephritis, 2 IgA nephropathy, 1 membranoproliferative, 1 membranous, 1 C1q-deficiency, and 1 idiopathic crescentic) and moderate renal insufficiency [glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 62 +/- 9 ml/min/1.73 m2] were given MK-591 at a dose of 100 mg orally twice a day for four days. RESULTS MK-591 reduced proteinuria (albumin and IgG excretion rates) from 3233 +/- 1074 to 1702 +/- 555 microg/min and from 196 +/- 78 to 148 +/- 55 microg/min for albumin and IgG, respectively (P < 0.05 for both). This was not accompanied by a reduction in systemic arterial pressure, GFR, or renal plasma flow. By analysis of the fractional clearance of polydisperse dextrans, baseline proteinuria resulted from a loss of size selectivity with enhanced passage of large (>52 A) dextrans as compared with healthy controls. Treatment with MK-591 caused a selective improvement in the enhanced passage of large (>58 A) dextrans without affecting the handling of smaller dextrans, indicating an improvement in glomerular size selectivity. MK-591 was well tolerated, and no adverse effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS Short-term therapy with MK-591 reduces proteinuria by restoring glomerular size selectivity and thus reduces transglomerular protein trafficking. These benefits may result from glomerular leukotriene biosynthesis inhibition, but other MK-591-specific actions cannot be excluded.
How to Test in Sixteen Languages? Automation Support for Localization Testing

Developing for a global market requires the internationalization of software products and their localization to different countries, regions, and cultures. Localization testing verifies that the localized software variants work, look and feel as expected. Localization testing is a perfect candidate for automation. It has a high potential to reduce the manual effort in testing of multiple language variants and to speed-up release cycles. However, localization testing is rarely investigated in scientific work. There are only a few reports on automation approaches for localization testing providing very little empirical results or practical advice. In this paper we describe the approach we applied for automated testing of the different localized variants of a large industrial software system, we report on the various bugs found, and we discuss our experiences and lessons learned.
Data Relationship Query in Relational DB, NoSQL DB and Graph DB

nation has vast amount of census data and analysis of these data is the value for nation as source citations, correlating and corroborating sources, relevance or findings contradictions. These census data may relate in any form based on family group records, friendship, co-worker and etc. In this paper, our nation, Myanmar's census data is used as source citations for searching relationship between two distinct persons based on unique National Registration Card (NRC) Number. The Myanmar census data involve person name, date of birth, gender, occupation, parent names, relationship with householder, NRC number and detail parent's family records including jobs and etc. NRC number is the unique identification number for every citizen in Myanmar. The aim of this paper is to observe the efficient data storage form for those related data among three types of database structure; relational DB, NoSQL DB, graph DB. The observation is done by retrieving data relationship from these databases using their query form. In relational database, personnel data is stored as table structure while in NoSQL databases like key-values store, column-family store and document store, personnel data is stored as key-values pair, column oriented and document oriented structure respectively. In graph database, personnel data is stored as graph structure with persons as nodes and relationship between them as edges. Then the query processing time is compared based on retrieving related data from those databases by using their relevant query system and find out which query process can produce the optimal running time. The experimental results show that graph database is more powerful in retrieving relationship over relational and NoSQL databases and it can provide better performance when handling in highly interconnected data compared to relational and NoSQL databases. KeywordsDatabase, NoSQL Databases, Graph Database,
Select and Transform INV / BUF Add Regular and Disguised TIE Cells Embed Obfuscating Cells for Gates Select Dummy Nets for Gates Combinatorial Loops ? Optimize ECO , Legalize , and Re-Route Remove Obfuscating Cells Conduct Design Closure

Layout camouflaging (LC) is a promising technique to protect chip design intellectual property (IP) from reverse engineers. Most prior art, however, cannot leverage the full potential of LC due to excessive overheads and/or their limited scope on an FEOL-centric and accordingly customized manufacturing process. If at all, most existing techniques can be reasonably applied only to selected parts of a chip— we argue that such “small-scale or custom camouflaging” will eventually be circumvented, irrespective of the underlying technique. In this work, we propose a novel LC scheme which is low-cost and generic—full-chip LC can finally be realized without any reservation. Our scheme is based on obfuscating the interconnects (BEOL); it can be readily applied to any design without modifications in the device layer (FEOL). Applied with split manufacturing in conjunction, our approach is the first in the literature to cope with both the FEOL fab and the enduser being untrustworthy. We implement and evaluate our primitives at the (DRC-clean) layout level; our scheme incurs significantly lower cost than most of the previous works. When comparing fully camouflaged to original layouts (i.e., for 100% LC), we observe on average power, performance, and area overheads of 12%, 30%, and 48%, respectively. Here we also show empirically that most existing LC techniques (as well as ours) can only provide proper resilience against powerful SAT attacks once at least 50% of the layout is camouflaged—only large-scale LC is practically secure. As indicated, our approach can deliver even 100% LC at acceptable cost. Finally, we also make our flow publicly available, enabling the community to protect their sensitive designs.
High response rate to cisplatin/etoposide regimen in childhood low-grade glioma.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to avoid radiotherapy and to induce an objective response in children with low-grade glioma (LGG) using a simple chemotherapy regimen based on cisplatin and etoposide. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-four children (median age, 45 months) with unresectable LGG were treated with 10 monthly cycles of cisplatin (30 mg/m(2)/d on days 1 to 3) and etoposide (150 mg/m(2)/d on days 1 to 3). Tumor originated in the visual pathway in 29 patients, in the temporal lobe in two, in the frontal lobe in two, and in the spine in one. Eight children were affected by neurofibromatosis type 1. Objective tumor response and toxicity were evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging and neurologic and functional tests at 3-month intervals. RESULTS An objective response was obtained in 24 (70%) of 34 patients, whereas the others had stable disease. None of the children were electively irradiated. In 31 previously untreated children, overall survival was 100% and progression-free survival was 78% at 3 years, with a median follow-up of 44 months. Acute toxicity was unremarkable; 28% patients evaluated for acoustic neurotoxicity revealed a loss of perception of high frequencies. CONCLUSION Cisplatin and etoposide combined treatment is one of the most active regimens for LGG in children and allows avoidance of radiotherapy in the vast majority of patients.