Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Teratogenesis: A Review of the Basic Principles with a Discussion of Selected Agents: Part I

Objectives After reading this artic le, the learner will be able to: 1. name the drug-metabolizing enzymes found in the placenta , and agents that will induce these enzymes; 2. describe that portion of pregnancy associated with the greatest teratogenic susceptib ility; 3. discuss why implantation occurs on day 7, but teratogenic susceptibility does not begin until day 11 or 12; 4. discuss why, if a woman is given a teratogenic agent, her child may be normal; 5. name the six drugs, or classes of drugs, that a pregnant woman most frequently uses; 6. name the four major groups of defects found in the fetal alcohol syndrome; 7. describe the major defects of tetracycline use in pregnancy ; 8. describe the findings in warfar in embryopathy ; 9. discuss an alternat ive to the use of warfarin in pregnancy and the rationale behind its use; 10. discuss the effects on the fetus from in utero exposure to anticonvulsants ; 11. discuss the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics on the use of anticonvulsants in pregnancy ; 12. discuss problems with glucose tolerance in pregnancy, various control measures, and problems associated with these methods of control ; 13. discuss teratogenic and perinata l problems associated with maternal lithium therapy; 14. discuss the use of various thyroid supplements and antithyroid drugs in pregnancy ; 15. discuss the use of steroids in pregnancy, including corticosteroids, androgens, estrogens, stilbestrol , and progesterone : 16. discuss the use of various antihypertens ive agents in pregnancy to include diazoxide, methyldopa, thiazides. reserpine, and propranolol ; 17. discuss the issue of the pregnant woman who smokes; 18. discuss problems associated with pregnancy in nurse anesthetists.
ANTI DIABETIC ACTIVITY OF AAVARAIVITHAADHI CHOORANAM IN ANIMAL MODELS

In this modern era many chronic diseases are due to this lifestyle modification. One among the disease is the Diabetes mellitus which is a great threat worldwide. Siddha medicine plays an effective role in treating Diabetes mellitus. Aavaraivithaadhi Chooranam a siddha drug taken from the classical siddha literature used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The aim of the present study was to screen the drug for its acute toxicity in animal model and anti-diabetic activity in Streptozotozin induced diabetes in animal model Wistar albino rats. The animals were selected randomly and divided into four groups with six animals in each group. Group 1 taken as normal control, group 2 taken as diabetic control, group 3 taken as standard and group 4 taken as test drug Aavaraivithaadhi Chooranam (200mg/kg). The results were tabulated and it reveals the potency of the drug. The blood glucose level was reduced significantly which was almost equal to that of the standard and the body weight was also maintained. Acute toxicity study showed no toxic effect so it revealed the safety of the drug. Thus I conclude that the Siddha herbal formulation Aavaraivithaadhi chooranam is safe, potent and effective drug against diabetes mellitus and its complications.
Aerogel: a potential three-dimensional nanoporous filler for resins

Considering its special microstructure and unique properties, silica aerogel was chosen as three-dimensional (3D) nanoporous filler for epoxy resin in this paper. Pure epoxy resin (0 wt%), 0.1 wt%, 1 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt%, and 100 wt% (pure silica aerogel) aerogel/epoxy composites were fabricated and then characterized by dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) and field emission scanning electron microscope. The results showed that small amount of filler efficiently increased the stiffness of the composites, but the stiffness decreased with the increase of the mass fraction of the aerogel in the composites (composites ratio); the glass transition temperature of the composites substantially increased, compared to pure epoxy resin. Also, the compressive modulus of the composites at glassy state, rubbery state, and hardening state were studied, respectively. At last, the effects which presumably affect the properties of aerogel/epoxy composites were discussed. Anchoring effect and interfacial effect were suggested to explain the thermal—mechanical behaviors of the composites with different composite ratio.
Protein Energy Malnutrition & Outcome of Paediatric DOTS Treatment.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) in a child represents recent and ongoing transmission of TB bacteria. Young children are most likely to become exposed and infected with TB by close contacts, such as family members. Children can develop TB disease at any age, but the severe forms of TB are most common among children between 1 and 4 years of age. Children can get sick with TB disease very soon after being infected with TB bacteria, or they can get sick at any time later in life. They can even infect their own children, decades later, if not treated. However there is limited information the basic demographic, clinical characteristics and programme defined outcomes of these children with TB. Present study is carried out at city tuberculosis center, Solapur with purpose to find out protein energy malnutrition and treatment outcome in children with tuberculosis treated under short course chemotherapy. Aim & Objectives: To assess the outcome of paediatric Directly Observed Treatment Short course (DOTS) treatment. To assess association between protein energy malnutrition and outcome of paediatric DOTS. Study Design: A descriptive longitudinal study conducted in all paediatric (1-15 years) patients registered for tuberculosis treatment in city tuberculosis center solapur during 1st November 2010 to 31st December 2012. A pre-designed, pre-tested structural questionnaire was used for data collection. Physical examination was undertaken after the interview was over. Mean, standard deviation and c2 test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Total 93 paediatric patients registered for DOTS treatment. 36.56% patients were between 1-5 years of age. Male & female patients were distributed in almost equal proportion. 84.95% patients were completed the DOTS treatment, while 3.22% were defaulter and outcome in 1.05% was treatment failure. PEM is associated with TB while it is not associated with outcome of DOTS treatment.
Efecto de la rehabilitación temprana versus tardía, en pacientes con tenorraf ia del tendón de Aquiles

RESUMEN. Antecedentes: La ruptura del tendón de Aquiles es una patología prevalente en nuestro medio. En la bibliografía no existe consenso acerca de la modalidad ideal de tratamiento ni del tiempo ideal de inmovilización previo al inicio de fi siatría. Es ampliamente conocido el efecto nocivo de inmovilización prolongada, por lo que se comparan los resultados funcionales de fi sioterapia temprana con la de inicio tardío en pacientes postoperados por ruptura del tendón de Aquiles. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo-prospectivo, longitudinal y comparativo, pacientes mayores de 16 años con ruptura del tendón de Aquiles, manejados quirúrgicamente y referidos a rehabilitación, quienes se sometieron al protocolo de manejo establecido del servicio. Se realizó la revisión retrospectiva de expedientes para pacientes de alta y el seguimiento prospectivo para pacientes de nuevo ingreso a partir de la fecha de inicio del estudio. Se continuó la evaluación mediante entrevista telefónica, registrándose resultados según la escala Achilles Tendon Rupture Score. Resultados: Se incluyeron 115 pacientes, integrándolos en dos grupos según el tiempo transcurrido entre la cirugía y el inicio de la terapia física en: grupo A con 31, entre el día 0 y 21 del postoperatorio y grupo B con 84, posterior al día 21 de postoperatorio. Se registraron dos complicaciones infecciosas y ninguna rerruptura. Los resultados funcionales fueron 6.52 para grupo A y 8.18 para grupo B. Conclusiones: ABSTRACT. Background: Achilles tendon tear is a prevalent condition in our setting. There is no consensus in the literature regarding the ideal treatment modality or the right immobilization period before starting physiatrics. The harmful effect of prolonged immobilization is widely known, so the functional results of early versus late physical therapy are compared in patients subjected to surgery for Achilles tendon tear. Material and methods: Ambispective, longitudinal, comparative study in patients over 16 years of age with Achilles tendon rupture treated surgically and referred to rehabilitation; they followed the management protocol established at the service. Retrospective record review was performed for discharged patients and patients admitted after the study initiation date were followed-up prospectively. The evaluation continued by means of a phone interview; results were recorded according to the Achilles Tendon Rupture Score. Results: A total of 115 patients were included; they were classifi ed into two groups according to the time elapsed between the surgery and the onset of physical therapy, as follows: 31 patients in group A, with onset between postoperative days 0 and 21; and 84 patients in group B, with onset after postoperative day 21. Two infectious complications were reported and no re-ruptures. Functional results were 6.52 for group A and 8.18 for group B. Conclusions: The duration of rehabilitation was similar in all pa-
Simple Strategies for Effective Teaching of English at the Under-Graduate Level in Rural Andhra Pradesh, India

Learning English language is highly needed for knowledge, employment and uplift of social status. Students in rural Andhra Pradesh join the degree college without the basic proficiency in English and leave the college without acquiring the communication skills to use in day to day affairs. The current state of methodology followed in teaching English is to be blamed. To teach required skills of English by making the learning interesting, simple strategies are suggested which include motivating the students by the teachers by adopting motivational strategies. Reading programmes are to be conducted for enhancing the communication skills. Increased use of humour in English class enlivens the students and the group discussions are initiated for the over all improvement of student's English language skills.
AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF THE INFORMATION BEHAVIOUR OF VETERINARY PRACTITIONERS IN

The importance of access to information and deepening understanding of information behaviour in order to improve library and information (LIS) services is widely recognised. An exploratory research project was therefore conducted at the Jotello F. Soga Library of the Faculty of Veterinary Science of the University of Pretoria to gain insight into the information behaviour of veterinary practitioners in South Africa, in order to recommend and develop appropriate information products and services. A survey of a small sample (70) with 24 respondents was undertaken to identify information needs and the methods used to satisfy such needs. The survey also covered the processes involved in information usage as well as the role of Google and other search engines, web services such as the International Veterinary Information Service (IVIS) and Web 2.0 applications such as blogs and wikis. Considering the importance of compulsory continued professional development (CPD) initiated by the South African Veterinary Council to assist veterinary practitioners in keeping up to date with contemporary veterinary developments, the role of the library in assisting veterinary practitioners earning CPD points was also investigated. In conclusion, a brief overview of existing products and services of the library is linked to recommendations for reducing information gaps and satisfying the requirements identified as a means of extending the services of veterinary libraries and furthering theoretical studies.
Histologic and Morphometric Studies

\s=b\ Sensory symptoms can develop in the course of primary biliary cirrhosis. They have been attributed to xanthomatous infiltrates of the nerves. We report a case of a young woman suffering from pure sensory neuropathy starting at a time when evidence of liver disease was minimal. Histologic and morphometric studies of sural nerve biopsy specimens obtained from calf and ankle showed a dying-back type of axonal degeneration predominantly affecting large myelinated fibers. No lipid-containing cells were seen, which raises the possibility that other mechanisms related to primary biliary cirrhosis are involved in the pathogenesis of the neuropathy. (Aren Neurol 37:84-87, 1980)
XLI Individual Sound Damage Susceptibility

Individual hearing losses observed following sound damage will vary with a large number of factors, among which are the amount of energy imparted to the cochlear partition, the duration of the stimulus, and the ability of the tissues to withstand or recover from excessive stimulation. Statistically, the importance of some of these variables is known. That is, when applied to a large population, damage-risk criteria, recoverability from temporary sound damage, and-within broad limits-the degree of recovery to be expected from exposures of a more severe nature are known.l" However, within the statistic exist individuals who differ from the mean-sustain a more severe loss than expected, or recover a lesser percentage of their normal hearing. It is to this problem of individual susceptibility that this present study is addressed.l-v"
Pathways and outcomes for parents

This article presents key findings from the first year of our Post-Separation Parenting and Financial Settlements study, conducted at the Melbourne University Law School and funded by the Australian Research Council. We focus on 32 in-depth interviews conducted in 2009 with parents in post-separation shared care arrangements, drawn from a qualitative sample of 60 (see Sample and Method boxes at the end of this article). For this study, we defined “substantial” shared care as a child spending at least 30% of their time with each parent and “equal” shared care as a child spending at least 45% of their time with each parent.
BULLETIN EUROPÉEN SUR LES MALADIES TRANSMISSIBLES / EUROPEAN COMMUNICABLE DISEASE BULLETIN

1 Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Saint-Maurice, France 2 Cellule Interrégionale d’Epidémiologie du Sud-Ouest, Toulouse, France 3 Ddass Aveyron, Cantal et Lot, France 4 Ddsv Cantal, France 5 CNR des Salmonelles et du Typage Moléculaire des Entérobactéries, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France 6 Laboratoire d’ Etudes et de Recherches sur l’Hygiène et la Qualité des Aliments, Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments, Maisons Alfort, France 7 Direction Générale de l’Alimentation, Ministère de l’Agriculture, de l’Alimentation, de la Pêche et des Affaires rurales, Paris, France
The effect of obesity on total antioxidant/oxidant status and oxidative stress index in patients with chronic periodontitis -

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible effects of obesity on the local and systemic total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) in patients with chronic periodontitis. Methods: The study included 88 subjects assigned to four groups of 22 subjects each, as follows: O+CP+ (patients with obesity and periodontitis); O P+ (patients with normal weight and periodontitis); O+P (periodontally healthy patients with obesity); and the control group consisting of periodontally healthy patients with normal weight (O P ). Serum and salivary samples were obtained a week before the recording of clinical periodontal parameters. Local and systemic TOS and TAS levels were determined biochemically. Results: TOS and OSI levels were higher and TAS levels were lower in the serum and saliva of the obese individuals with periodontitis. However, TAS, TOS and OSI levels were found to be comparable in patients with obesity or periodontitis. Conclusion: Our results suggest that obesity might play a destruction provoking role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis by negatively affecting oxidative parameters.
Comparison of intubating conditions and hemodynamic effects of rocuronium and mixture of vecuronium and rocuronium in patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery

Haemodynamic stability is an integral and essential goal of any anaesthetic management plan in patients with cardiac disease. Patients who have limited coronary reserve are susceptible to any factor like pulmonary vascular resistance. This may either induce or worsen preexisting ischemia which may be associated with postoperative myocardial infarction. The present study was conducted on 40 patients American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) grade III and IV undergoing elective cardiac surgery in the department of anaesthesia, SMS Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur. Patients of either sex were included and same anaesthetic management was carried out in each patient. After induction of anaesthesia, patients were divided randomly into two groups according to the muscle relaxant used. Group I received Inj. rocuronium while Group II received Inj. rocuronium and vecuronium. Haemodynamic parameters comprising of heart rate, mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure were measured preoperatively, pre induction, post induction, post relaxant, post intubation (1 min) and after 3, 5 and 10 min after intubation. Rocuronium has maintained excellent cardiovascular stability for the dose used in present study. There was an increase in heart rate following rocuronium administration but the average maximum increase of 5 beats/min was clinically insignificant. Rocuronium is 3-6 times less potent than vecuronium as a neuromuscular blocker but is slightly more potent in blocking the responses to either vagal or preganglionic sympathetic stimulation. Therefore the margin between the neuromuscular blocking effect and the unwanted vagal blocking action is less than that of vecuronium. Thus the slight increase in heart rate may be beneficial along with opioids used for induction of these patients. The present study showed that both vecuronium and rocuronium were associated with clinically unimportant hemodynamic changes.
Memory Retrieval in Ageing Adults through Traditional Music Genres - An Experiment Based on Electroencephalography Signals

This paper studies the relationship between exposure to traditional musical styles and memories retrieved by Spanish ageing adults living close to the region of Murcia. The objective is to discover alterations in brain activity when memories are generated from listening to rhythms that the participants heard during their youth. Brain region activation is observed after the acquisition, processing and analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) signals. For this, an experiment is designed, where first each participant responds to the positive and negative affect scales (PANAS) questionnaire to determine his/her affective state. Then, he/she listens to eight ad-hoc composed music pieces of varied styles (twist, swing, fandango, petenera, bolero, habanera, pasodoble and jota murciana). After listening to each composition, the participant is asked if memories have been recalled during the performance, which enables the interaction person–music style into classes “MEMORY-EVOKED” and “NO-MEMORY-EVOKED”. Lastly, after the eight music pieces, the PANAS questionnaire is given again to determine the new emotional state after being exposed to the musical styles. From this experiment, three different studies are introduced. A first within-subject study looks for significant differences in the activation of brain regions between “MEMORY-EVOKED” and “NO-MEMORY-EVOKED” classes by analyzing the EEG recordings corresponding to each complete musical piece lasting 60 s. The second within-subject study decomposes the EEG records of each musical piece into four 15 s segments, and repeats the approach. Finally, a between-subjects study determines if there are significant differences between all “MEMORY-EVOKED” and “NO-MEMORY-EVOKED” segments. The promising results, although preliminary, show that there are significant differences in terms of “MEMORY-EVOKED”/“NO-MEMORY-EVOKED” classes in the prefrontal cortex for alpha, beta, theta and gamma frequency bands by using the spectral power method.
Severe hypocalcemia after oral ibandronate in a patient with metastatic breast cancer: a case report Metastatik meme kanserli hastada oral ibandronat kullanimina bağli ciddi hipokalsemi: Bir olgu sunumu

Bone metastasis is a common finding in patients with meta static breast cancer. In approximately 25% of breast cancers, bone is commonly the first area of metastasis. Pain, hyper calcemia and bone fractures are the most common complications of bone metastasis. Bisphosphonates effectively reduce and prevent skeletal related complications in breast cancer patients with bone metastases. Although hypocalcemia might occur during bisphosphonate therapy, symptomatic hypocalcemia after oral bisphosphonate therapy is rare and usually occurs several weeks after the initiation of the therapy. In this case report, we present a metastatic breast cancer patient with vitamin D deficiency who developed severe hypocalcemia in the early period following oral ibandronic acid treatment.
Perceptions of Alcohol use among US Firefighters

Epidemiologic studies find that many fire service personnel use alcohol at a high rate and report frequent binge drinking episodes. Using formative research methods, we explored perceptions and beliefs about the role of alcohol within the fire service community. Participants were 423 firefighters and fire service administrators from across the United States (US). There were a number of reasons given for the rates of alcohol use among firefighters including the unique shift schedules of career firefighters, the camaraderie and peer support for alcohol consumption, use as a means of stress management, and the traditions surrounding consumption among firefighters. Results point to key areas for prevention and intervention efforts for the fire service.
Contemporary Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine Ambulatory Arrhythmia Monitoring Choosing the Right Device

Remote cardiac telemetry was developed to allow home ECG monitoring of patients with suspected cardiac arrhythmias. It was first introduced by the American biophysicist Norman J. Holter (1914–1983) in the 1940s. The original Holter monitor was a 75-lb backpack with a reel-to-reel FM tape recorder, analog patient interface electronics, and large batteries.1,2 It could record a single ECG lead for several hours and provided the first opportunity to record and analyze ambulatory ECG data outside a standard hospital or outpatient care setting. The clinical need to monitor outpatients has resulted in advances in technology that now allow us to monitor heart rhythms remotely through a wide variety of devices, including ambulatory external monitors, implantable event recorders, pacemakers, and cardioverter-defibrillators. The rapid expansion of ambulatory monitoring technologies affords the clinician the obvious diagnostic advantage of more comprehensive and real-time data. It also presents the challenge of creating systems to handle and pay for this increased information and the potential liability associated with a continuous data stream. This review focuses on the available technology and factors that guide the choice of monitor.