Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A cross-taxa assessment of pelagic longline by-catch mitigation measures: conflicts and mutual benefits to elasmobranchs

Elasmobranch mortality in pelagic longline fisheries poses a risk to some populations, alters the distribution of abundance between sympatric competitors, changing ecosystem structure, processes and stability. Individual and synergistic effects on elasmobranch catch and survival from pelagic longline gear factors, including methods prescribed to mitigate bycatch of other vulnerable taxa, were determined. Overall relative risk of higher circle vs. J-shaped hook shark catch rates conditioned on potentially informative moderators, from 30 studies, was estimated using an inverse-precision weighted mixed-effects meta-regression modelling approach. Sharks had a 1.20 times (95% CI: 1.03–1.39) significantly higher pooled relative risk of capture on circle hooks, with two significant moderators. The pooled relative risk estimate of ray circle hook catch from 15 studies was not significant (RR = 1.22, 95% CI: 0.89–1.66) with no significant moderators. From a literature review, wire leaders had higher shark catch and haulback mortality than monofilament. Interacting effects of hook, bait and leader affect shark catch rates: hook shape and width and bait type determine hooking position and ability to sever monofilament leaders. Circle hooks increased elasmobranch catch, but reduced haulback mortality and deep hooking relative to J-shaped hooks of the same or narrower width. Using fish vs. squid for bait increased shark catch and deep hooking. Pelagic stingray (Pteroplatytrygon violacea) catch and mortality were lower on wider hooks. Using circle instead of J-shaped hooks and fish instead of squid for bait, while benefitting sea turtles, odontocetes and possibly seabirds, exacerbates elasmobranch catch and injury, therefore warranting fishery-specific assessments to determine relative risks.
Gypsophila simonii: Identification, Extraction, Isolation of Sapogenin and X-Ray Crystallographic Structure of Sucrose Gypsophila simonii: Teşhis, Ekstraksiyon, Sapogenin İzolasyonu ve Sakkarozun X-Ray Kristalografik Yapisi

A B S T R A C T he plant Coven, Gypsophila simonii is widely distributed throughout Cankiri, where it is a native species, and Turkey. In this study, chemical and physical properties of unripe saponins obtained by extraction from the roots of Gypsophila simonii, an endemic plant, were isolated and investigated. Purified aglycones recovered from acid hydrolysis of the saponins were separated by reversed chromatography on a thin layer of silica gel. The structure was characterized methods of analysis by means of 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, FTIR and EIMS. The findings indicate that the proposed structure of that saponin was as a new Gypsogenin ester (C 31 H 51 O 3 ) (1,2). The obtained sapogenin was crystallized for X-ray diffraction; but X-ray analysis results showed that the compound crystallized was only sucrose (C 12 H 22 O 11 ). Phytochemical tests showed the presence of terpenoids in the crude extracts. The total saponin content in plant materials and extracts varied to %12.30±0.50. Furthermore in this study, type of ose and total ose (7.0±0.20%), were investigated as qualitative and quantitative.
Polyoxometalate-functionalized nanocarbon materials for energy conversion, energy storage and sensor systems

Composites based on polyoxometalates (POMs) and nanostructured carbon such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or graphene have attracted widespread attention as they combine the unique chemical reactivity of POMs with the unparalleled electronic properties of nanocarbons. The exceptional properties of these composites have been employed in catalysis, energy conversion and storage, molecular sensors and electronics. Herein, we summarize the latest progress in POM/CNT and POM/graphene nanocomposites with a focus on energy materials for water splitting and fuel cells, composite electrode materials for batteries and supercapacitors as well as composites for environmental pollutant sensing. Current applications are critically assessed and promising future target systems are discussed.
A Numerical Experiment of Unsteady Glottal Flow Based on Two-dimensional Rigid Model

Voice is one of the most fundamental and important tools for human communications. The purpose of this study is to analyse physical phenomena, in particular turbulent flows as nonlinear dynamics, of speech production precess. As the first step in our study, this paper shows numerical simulations of an unsteady glottal flow that is assumed to be a compressible viscous fluid, based on a two-dimensional rigid body model. The obtained glottal flow had several vortices and was a complicated pattern which was changed with time, i.e., the flow was turbulence. Moreover, pressure in the turbulent glottal flow began to oscillate with time, and a oscillating amplitude of the pressure was larger as increasing the lungs pressure.
MULTI-SCREEN VIDEO COMMUNICATION FOR BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS: LESSONS FOR MBA SCHOOLS OF THE 21

Responding to a global trend to extend methods of communication and teaching, considerable attentions have been paid in industries of various types as well as in education on the use of multiscreen video communication methods. Yet, in spite of its great potentials, cautions and negativism on extending conventional teaching platform to multi-dimensional levels persists at various levels, ( Green, 2010, Green & Wagner, 2011, Edmundson, 2012). 222 This paper reports experiments in several classroom settings of Business and Economics courses conducted in the summer of 2012. The main conclusion of the study is that the need to use the extended platform is heavily activity dependent. Indeed, MBA schools aiming to embrace multi-screen video communication technology will be unwise to adopt a one-size-fits-all solution. Parallel development also has the advantages of offering easier matching of platform with activities, enabling gradual adoption and possibly a more effective way to manage obsolescence crucial in technology management of an organization.
Embedded Large-Eddy Simulation Using the Partially Averaged Navier–Stokes Model

An embedded large-eddy-simulation modeling approach is explored and verified using the partially averaged Navier-Stokes model as a platform. With the same base model, the turbulence-resolving large-eddy simulation region is embedded by setting the partially averaged Navier-Stokes model coefficient to f(k) < 1 as distinguished from its neighboring Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes region, where f(k) = 1 is specified. The embedded large-eddy simulation approach is verified in computations of a turbulent channel flow and a turbulent flow over a hump. Emphasis is placed on the impact of turbulent conditions at the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes/large-eddy simulation interface using anisotropic velocity fluctuations generated from synthetic turbulence. The effect of the spanwise size of the computational domain is investigated. It is shown that the embedded large-eddy-simulation method based on the partially averaged Navier-Stokes modeling approach is computationally feasible and able to provide reasonable turbulence-resolving predictions in the embedded large-eddy simulation region. The wall-adapting local eddy-viscosity model is also evaluated for the hump flow and it is found that its performance is worse than that of the the low-Reynolds-number partially averaged Navier-Stokes model when the results are compared with experiments.
Environmental conditions influence the frequency of prey responses to predation risk

Predators can strongly influence prey populations and the structure and function of communities by altering the foraging behavior and/or habitat selection of prey. For these nonlethal predator effects to occur, prey must be able to detect and respond to cues indicating predation risk. The ability of prey to detect and respond to predator signals likely varies with environmental condi- tions. To better understand how the environment can modify nonlethal predator effects by influenc- ing the frequency of prey responses to predators, we examined how hydrodynamic conditions influ- ence predator avoidance behavior in the dogwhelk Nucella lapillus, a carnivorous snail found on rocky intertidal shores. When confronted with predation risk, such as that signaled by water-borne chemical cues released by predatory green crabs, N. lapillus often reduce their movement and forag- ing activity. Using laboratory flumes, we explored how flow velocity and turbulence influenced responses by N. lapillus to predator risk cues. The influence of hydrodynamic conditions on predator avoidance behavior were nonlinear. N. lapillus responded to predators most frequently in intermedi- ate flow velocities but less so in high and low velocities, suggesting that the effects of flow on pre- dator avoidance behaviors are complex. Abiotic factors like flow can strongly influence the behav- ioral responses of intermediate consumers, which may propagate to other trophic levels via trait-mediated trophic cascades.
Scenarios Interpretation with Prior Knowledge

Statistical Relational Learning (SRL) deals with relational domains, where the samples are neither independent nor uniformly distributed. Moreover, central to SRL is the integration of logical knowledge in the learning framework. The main tasks in SRL are Collective Classification, Entity Resolution, Link Prediction and Knowledge Graph Completion. In this extended abstract we propose a new supervised learning task called Scenarios Interpretation (SI) where a sample is a Scenario, i.e. a set of (typically few) objects where each object and pair of objects have its own features. The goal is to classify objects and relationships. We propose NIoS (Neural Interpeter of Scenarios), a method for solving SI that is able to inject Prior Knowledge expressed in First Order Logic (FOL) into a neural network model. We implemented a first version and tested it on Visual Relationship Detection task (VRD) showing that NIoS outperformed state of the art systems.
Adaptive Negative Curvature Descent with Applications in Non-convex Optimization

Negative curvature descent (NCD) method has been utilized to design deterministic or stochastic algorithms for non-convex optimization aiming at finding second-order stationary points or local minima. In existing studies, NCD needs to approximate the smallest eigen-value of the Hessian matrix with a sufficient precision (e.g., $\epsilon_2\ll 1$) in order to achieve a sufficiently accurate second-order stationary solution (i.e., $\lambda_{\min}(\nabla^2 f(\x))\geq -\epsilon_2)$. One issue with this approach is that the target precision $\epsilon_2$ is usually set to be very small in order to find a high quality solution, which increases the complexity for computing a negative curvature. To address this issue, we propose an adaptive NCD to allow for an adaptive error dependent on the current gradient's magnitude in approximating the smallest eigen-value of the Hessian, and to encourage competition between a noisy NCD step and gradient descent step. We consider the applications of the proposed adaptive NCD for both deterministic and stochastic non-convex optimization, and demonstrate that it can help reduce the the overall complexity in computing the negative curvatures during the course of optimization without sacrificing the iteration complexity.
Comparison of conventional Lagrangian stochastic footprint models against LES driven footprint estimates

In this study we introduce a comparison method for footprint model results by evaluating the performance of conventional Lagrangian stochastic (LS) footprint models that use parameterised flow field characteristics with results of a Lagrangian trajectory model embedded in a large eddy simulation (LES) framework. The two conventional mod- els follow the particles backward and forward in time while the trajectories in LES only evolve forward in time. We as- sess their performance in two unstably stratified boundary layers at observation levels covering the whole depth of the atmospheric boundary layer. We present a concept for foot- print model comparison that can be applied for 2-D foot- prints and demonstrate that comparison of only cross wind integrated footprints is not sufficient for purposes facilitat- ing two dimensional footprint information. Because the flow field description among the three models is most realistic in LES we use those results as the reference in the comparison. We found that the agreement of the two conventional models against the LES is generally better for intermediate measure- ment heights and for the more unstable case, whereas the two conventional flux footprint models agree best under less un- stable conditions. The model comparison in 2-D was found quite sensitive to the grid resolution. stituents at a certain location. This is necessary in inter- preting the results of measurements especially when those are performed over a landscape of varying source strengths. While the term footprint refers to the field of view of a mea- surement device, the outcome of footprint modelling typ- ically is the footprint function or source weight function, which provides information about the relative weights of in-
Loss of SOX 5 protein expression by RNAi in osteosarcoma cells suppresses cell proliferation and invasion

Sex determining region Y-box protein 5 (SOX5) is involved in the regulation of embryonic development and associated with various types of cancers. However, the expression and biological function of SOX5 in osteosarcoma remains to be investigated. Here, we found that SOX5 mRNA was significantly elevated in osteosarcoma tissues compared with bone cyst tissues. In vitro experiments demonstrated that knockdown of SOX5 by RNA interference in two osteosarcoma cell lines, MG63 and U2OS cells, inhibited cell proliferation, G1/S cell cycle transition, migration and invasion. In addition, knockdown of SOX5 in osteosarcoma cells reduced the expression of proteins associated with G1/S cell cycle transition (CDK2 and CDC25A) and invasion (MMP-2, MMP-9, Twist1 and Snail1). Our results indicate for the first time that SOX5 is a potential diagnostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for osteosarcoma.
Enosis : Bridging the Semantic Gap between File-based and Object-based Data Models

—File and block storage are well-deﬁned concepts in computing and have been used as common components of computer systems for decades. Big data has led to new types of storage. The predominant data model in cloud storage is the object-based storage and it is highly successful. Object stores follow a simpler API with get() and put() operations to interact with the data. A wide variety of data analysis software have been developed around objects using their APIs. However, object storage and traditional ﬁle storage are designed for different purpose and for different applications. Organizations maintain ﬁle-based storage clusters and a high volume of existing data are stored in ﬁles. Moreover, many new applications need to access data from both types of storage. In this paper, we ﬁrst explore the key differences between object-based and the more traditional ﬁle-based storage systems. We have designed and implemented several ﬁle-to-object mapping algorithms to bridge the semantic gap between these data models. Our evaluation shows that by achieving an efﬁcient such mapping, our library can grant 2x-27x higher performance against a naive one-to-one mapping and with minimal overheads. Our study exposes various strengths and weaknesses of each mapping strategy and frames the extended potential of a uniﬁed data access system.
Simulation Study of Swarm Intelligence Based on Life Evolution Behavior

Swarm intelligence (SI) is a new evolutionary computation technology, and its performance efficacy is usually affected by each individual behavior in the swarm. According to the genetic and sociological theory, the life evolution behavior process is influenced by the external and internal factors, so the mechanisms of external and internal environment change must be analyzed and explored. Therefore, in this paper, we used the thought of the famous American genetic biologist Morgan, “life = DNA
Comparative Transcriptome and iTRAQ Proteome Analyses Reveal the Mechanisms of Diapause in Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae)

Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) is a solitary endoparasitoid used in the biological control of various aphids. Diapause plays an important role in the successful production and deployment of A. gifuensis. Diapause can effectively extend the shelf life of biological control agents and solve several practical production problems like long production cycles, short retention periods, and discontinuities between supply and demand. In recent years, studies have been conducted on the environmental regulation and physiological and biochemical mechanisms of diapause in A. gifuensis. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism of diapause in this species remains unclear. In this study, we compared the transcriptomes and proteomes of diapause and non-diapause A. gifuensis to identify the genes and proteins associated with this process. A total of 557 transcripts and 568 proteins were differentially expressed between the two groups. Among them, (1) genes involved in trehalose synthesis such as glycogen synthase, glycogen phosphorylase, and trehalose 6-phosphate synthase were upregulated in diapause at mRNA or protein level while glycolysis and gluconeogenesis-related genes were downregulated, suggesting that A. gifuensis stores trehalose as an energy resource and cryoprotectant; (2) the expression of immune-related genes like C-type lectins, hemocyanin, and phenoloxidase was increased, which helps to maintain immunity during diapause; (3) a chitin synthase and several cuticular protein genes were upregulated to harden the cuticle of diapausing A. gifuensis larval. These findings improve our understanding of A. gifuensis. diapause and provide the foundation for further pertinent studies.
The phase shift induced by a single atom in free space

In this article we theoretically study the phase shift a single atom imprints onto a coherent state light beam in free space. The calculations are performed in a semiclassical framework. The key parameters governing the interaction and thus the measurable phase shift are the solid angle from which the light is focused onto the atom and the overlap of the incident radiation with the atomic dipole radiation pattern. The analysis includes saturation effects and discusses the associated Kerr-type non-linearity of a single atom.
Group foliation of equations in geophysical fluid dynamics

The method of group foliation can be used to construct solutions to a system of partial differential equations that, as opposed to Lie's method of symmetry reduction, are not invariant under any symmetry of the equations. The classical approach is based on foliating the space of solutions into orbits of the given symmetry group action, resulting in rewriting the equations as a pair of systems, the so-called automorphic and resolvent systems, involving the differential invariants of the symmetry group, while a more modern approach utilizes a reduction process for an exterior differential system associated with the equations. In each method solutions to the reduced equations are then used to reconstruct solutions to the original equations. We present an application of the two techniques to the one-dimensional Korteweg-de Vries equation and the two-dimensional Flierl-Petviashvili (FP) equation. An exact analytical solution is found for the radial FP equation, although it does not appear to be of direct geophysical interest.
THERAPEUTIC ALLIANCE; EXPLORATION OF THE CONSTRUCT VALIDITY OF THE CONCEPT

Background: Repeated meta-analyses have established that there exists a robust association between therapeutic alliance and outcome at end of treatment; still, there is a lack of coherent theory regarding the concept and lack of agreement on how to interpret and understand research results. Further support of the construct validity of the concept is needed. Aim: The aim of the present thesis was to explore the construct validity of the concept therapeutic alliance. Paper I aimed at studying the adaptation of an established alliance measure to a group psychotherapy setting. Paper II aimed at exploring the association between alliance and outcome in treatment for young adults. Paper III aimed at testing prediction and moderation of early alliance in psychodynamic psychotherapy (ORP) and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT). Paper IV aimed at predicting growth of alliance from relational personality variables. Methods: Paper I is based on data from a randomized controlled study on patients on sick leave diagnosed with work related depression and/or stress reactions participating in psychodynamic group psychotherapy (n = 18). Paper II and IV are based on data from a prospective, naturalistic outcome study on young adults receiving long-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy (n = 115, n = 79). Paper III is based on data from a randomized controlled study on female, suicidal patients diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (n = 59). Analyses were performed on data for patients for whom patients and/or therapists had filled out relevant questionnaires. Results: Study I: Reliability for the alliance questionnaire was acceptable. Average alliance was associated with outcome, while dismissing attachment, level of interpersonal problems, problems being exploitable, and problems being overly nurturant were associated with growth of alliance. Dismissing attachment was also predictive of early alliance. Paper II: Therapist-rated alliance was negatively associated with symptom change in patients with high levels of initial suffering. Paper III: Patients and therapists in DBT rated early alliance higher than their counterparts in ORP. Somatic anxiety moderated discrepancy in therapist/patientrated alliance between the two treatments. Study IV: Two measures of object and selfrepresentations predicted growth of patient-rated alliance, while interpersonal problems within the friendly-submissive domain predicted fluctuations in therapist-rated alliance. Conclusion: The present thesis found some support for the construct validity of the concept therapeutic alliance. However, the lack of coherent theory of the concept makes it difficult to interpret diverging results other than from a clinical perspective.