Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Physical Layer Security through the Use of Suprathreshold Stochastic Resonance and Jamming

In this paper, we investigate the possibility of the use of suprathreshold stochastic resonance system in the physical layer security scheme. The suprathreshold stochastic resonance (SSR) array is used as a preprocessor at the front-end of the legitimate receiver, which reduces the noise in the receiving signal. Analysis in two cases are given, which are (1) the eavesdropper uses the minimum error probability detection and (2) the eavesdropper also uses the SSR-based detection. For (1), as the ambient noise of the channel is non-Gaussian it is shown that even as the legitimate channel is inferior to the eavesdropping channel in a certain range, the mutual information of the legitimate channel is higher than that of the eavesdropper's, which provides the possibility of enlarging the secrecy capacity. For (2), analysis shows that the eavesdropper experiences greater performance deterioration as the legitimate receiver sends the Gaussian interference with timevarying mean. The bit-error-rate simulations testify the above performance analyses.
Inhibition: Mental Control Process or Mental Resource?

The current study tested 2 models of inhibition in 45 children with language impairment and 45 children with normally developing language; children were aged 7 to 12 years. Of interest was whether a model of inhibition as a mental-control process (i.e., executive function) or as a mental resource would more accurately reflect the relations among mental-attentional (M) capacity, inhibition, updating, shifting, and language competence. Children completed measures of M-capacity (in the verbal and nonverbal domains), inhibition, updating, shifting, and language. Path analyses showed the data provided a poor fit to the model of inhibition as a mental-control process but a good fit to the model of inhibition as a mental resource. Results are consistent with the theory of constructive operators and suggest inhibition is a mental resource rather than a mental-control process.
Structured segmented data for improving collaborative edition on MANETs

This paper presents CDMAN1 (collaborative data management in ad hoc network) a data sharing system designed for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). This system targets limited capability devices such as PDAs. In particular it takes into account limited battery capacity and limited memory. CDMAN is based on structured segmented data. This paper analyzes how structured segmented data improve the system efficiency in particular if it involves mobile nodes with limited capability devices.
A 1.2 and 2.4 GHz variable gain concurrent dual band low noise amplifier

This paper presents the design and implementation of a dual band low noise amplifier (DBLNA) operating at 1.2 and 2.4 GHz concurrently. The DBLNA employs a second-order matching network designed using frequency mapping and bandpass transformation technique. The DBLNA has two stages and employs cascode topology for high output impedance and better reverse isolation. Modified output load for dual band operation is designed to get optimum passbands and stop-band rejections. The designed DBLNA achieves a very high voltage gain of 43 dB and 26 dB and noise figure of 4.7 dB and 4.4 dB at 1.2 and 2.4 GHz, respectively. The LNA consumes 40 mW power from a 2V supply. The LNA gain can be varied from 5dB to 44dB by varying Vdd between 1.05V to 2.2V. The P1dB performance is −32 dBm and −18 dBm a 1.2 and 2.4 GHz, respectively.
The management in the C2-C3 disc herniations: a clinical study.

AIM Cervical disc herniation at C2-C3 level is an uncommon condition. In this paper, the management C2-C3 disc herniation and long-term follow-up data of 5 cases is reported. MATERIAL AND METHODS 1100 patients who have been operated in our department for cervical disc herniation between 2000 and 2009 were studied retrospectively. A total of 5 patients were found to have been operated for C2-C3 herniation in that period . The preferred procedure was anterior cervical discectomy with fusion via retropharyngeal approach. RESULTS The incidence of C2-C3 disc herniations was 0.45%. The mean patient age was 63 years (41- 82 years). Upper extremity paresis was the predominant neurological sign. Magnetic resonance images (MRI) revealed central, large and hard disc herniations in 4 cases and accompanying cord signal changes in 4 cases. Successful anterior decompresion was performed in 5 patients. Correct fusion was achieved in 4 patients, and one patient died of an operation unrelated cause early in the follow-up period. CONCLUSION C2-C3 disc herniation is rare but may result with severe myelopathy. This kind of herniations tend to be central and large. The present study demonstrates that diagnosis and adequate anterior decompression in C2-C3 disc herniations may provide an excellent outcome.
Generation Rx.com. What are young people really doing online?

The Kaiser Family Foundation examined the ways Generation Xers use the Web to find health information and found some surprising results. Not only do young adults access online health information, but they seek it more often than they check sports scores, purchase merchandise, or participate in a chat room. They're also likely to be influenced by what they find online, and many report that they've changed their behavior based on what they've learned.
LINE‐1 retrotransposons: Modulators of quantity and quality of mammalian gene expression?

LINE‐1 (L1) retrotransposons are replicating repetitive elements that, by mass, are the most‐abundant sequences in the human genome. Over one‐third of mammalian genomes are the result, directly or indirectly, of L1 retrotransposition. L1 encodes two proteins: ORF1, an RNA‐binding protein, and ORF2, an endonuclease/reverse transcriptase. Both proteins are required for L1 mobilization. Apart from the obvious function of self‐replication, it is not clear what other roles, if any, L1 plays within its host. The sheer magnitude of L1 sequences in our genome has fueled speculation that over evolutionary time L1 insertions may structurally modify endogenous genes and regulate gene expression. Here we provide a review of L1 replication and its potential functional consequences. BioEssays 27:775–784, 2005. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collagen XVIII: a Novel Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Associated with Vascular Amyloid Depositions and Senile Plaques in Alzheimer's Disease Brains

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) may play a role in the formation and persistence of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease brains. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the human extracellular matrix‐associated molecule collagen XVIII is the first collagen carrying heparan sulfate side‐chains. Two variants of collagen XVIII with both different signal peptides and N‐terminal domains have been described and are referred to as the short and long form. To investigate the distribution of these variants we performed an immunohistochemical analysis by using specific well‐characterized polyclonal antibodies. Anti‐long huXVIII, a polyclonal antibody directed against the long variant of collagen XVIII, weakly stained large cortical and leptomeningeal vessels, whereas small cortical vessels remained unstained. Interestingly, all amyloid‐laden vessels and classic senile plaques were strongly stained. Anti‐all huXVIII, a polyclonal antibody directed against an epitope common to both collagen XVIII variants, intensely stained all types of cerebral blood vessels, cerebral amyloid angiopathy‐affected vessels and classic senile plaques. Collagen XVIII expression was absent in neurofibrillary tangles. We conclude that collagen XVIII is a novel heparan sulfate proteoglycan associated with vascular Aβ and classic senile plaques and that at least the long form of collagen XVIII accumulates in amyloid‐laden vessels and classic senile plaques.
Design and implementation of a solar PV panel integrated inverter with multi-mode operation capability

Solar PV panel integrated systems which are in general referred to as micro-inverters provide a unique solution with high reliability and high average efficiency overcoming partial shading effect while delivering maximum available PV power. Micro-inverters are grid connected systems, which shut down in the event of grid failure. For residential as well as small commercial applications, this can be discouraging as no power is available during grid failure. By providing added features such as sustaining the operation under islanded conditions, acting as short-term back-up power supply (UPS) and reactive power support system can enhance the utility and popularity of such systems. The micro-inverter system proposed in this paper features multimode operation such as grid connected mode, standalone mode, UPS mode and VAR compensation mode. The circuit topology includes integrated isolated SEPIC converters feeding H-bridge inverter followed by EMI filter with grid interface circuit. The paper describes the design and implementation of the new multi-functional micro-inverter system.
The feasibility of effective psychopharmacological treatments for alcoholism.

Summary The effects of lithium, anxiolytics, dopaminergic compounds, serotonin uptake inhibitors, opiates, opiate antagonists, and alcohol-sensitizing drugs on the alcohol consumption of human alcoholics and laboratory animals are reviewed. There is increasing evidence that each of these classes of drugs might be beneficial in reducing alcohol abuse, including recent controlled studies on alcoholics with lithium, serotonin uptake Mockers, and disefulram. The usefulness of all of the current drugs, however, appears limited, and the ideal drug for use in treating alcoholism awaits discovery. Nevertheless, the fact that some drugs acting on the central nervous system are able to promote abstinence supports the feasibility of psychopharmacological treatment for alcoholism. Furthermore, since the known drugs that appear beneficial against human alcohol abuse also suppress voluntary alcohol selection by experimental animals, it seems likely that studies with animals could be used for screening other potentially effective drugs.
Cancer incidence and mortality in Asian Indians: a review of literature from the United States, South Asia, and beyond.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this paper is to provide a framework for future research and awareness activities in the United States. METHODS The current literature in the English language on cancer incidence and mortality among Asian Indians was reviewed. RESULTS Asian Indians comprise 89% of the U.S. South Asian population. There are few studies in the United States or Canada on cancer incidence or mortality. In India, oral and cervical cancers have high incidence and mortality rates, but the rates of cancers common in the West are rising. In Great Britain, cancer rates in the South Asian community are similar to those of their non-Asian counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Cancer incidence and mortality rates in India and Great Britain provide a foundation for scientific inquiry among this population in the United States, but more data is needed to assess the cancer burden and implement cancer prevention activities in this country.
Experimental Hyperlipidemia Causes an Increase in the Electrocardiographic Changes Associated With Amiodarone

To assess the influence of hyperlipidemia (HL) on amiodarone (AM) effect in the heart, rats were pretreated with either 1 g/kg poloxamer 407 (to induce HL) or saline intraperitoneally. At approximately 36 hours afterward, rats were given AM HCl (25, 50, and 100 mg·kg−1·d−1) or saline intravenously through implanted venous cannulas for 5 days. Under anesthesia, electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded using subcutaneous electrodes and blood samples were withdrawn at baseline and 12 hours after the first, middle, and last doses. At the end of the study, heart tissues were collected. Specimens were analyzed for AM and desethylamiodarone. HL by itself did not alter the ECG. Compared with baseline, the end of study prolongation of QTc and PR intervals were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in all AM-treated HL rats. AM plasma and heart concentrations in HL rats after the last dose were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in normolipidemic rats. Similar to AM, in HL rats, plasma desethylamiodarone after the last dose was significantly higher than in normolipidemic rats. The cholesterol to triglyceride plasma ratio was linearly related to QT interval and plasma and heart AM concentrations. HL increased the ECG effects of AM by increasing heart concentrations.
Genetic and forma specialis diversity in Blumeria graminis of cereals and its implications for host-pathogen co-evolution.

SUMMARY The grass powdery mildew fungus, Blumeria graminis is classified into eight formae speciales (ff.spp.) based on strict host specialization. However, evidence suggests that host ranges extend to more than one genus and are particularly diverse among samples from the Middle East, the proposed centre of origin and diversification of crop plants. This study investigated whether geographical origin, host species or both determine the genetic variation in B. graminis that is found in cereals, sampled from Europe, Asia and North America, and whether there is any evidence for co-evolution between pathogen and host. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequence variation within the ribosomal DNA Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions and the beta-tubulin (tub2) gene gives rise to two dendrograms with different topologies. In both trees, isolates of B. graminis from cultivated cereals are grouped according to their principal host genus. This grouping was supported by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis and cross-infectivity tests. However, there was no evidence of co-evolution. There was far greater divergence between ff.spp. in tub2 sequences than ITS regions and a faster rate of mutation of tub2, especially in the third base position of exons. It is proposed that variation in the rDNA-ITS regions is constrained either by their functional role in the processing of rDNA precursor molecules or by concerted evolution, hence limiting their use in phylogenetic studies. AFLP data suggests an overall lack of correlation between geographical and genetic distances. This may be related to the long distance dispersal exhibited by B. graminis.
Prevalence, tumorigenic role, and biochemical implications of rare BRAF alterations.

BACKGROUND Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common malignant tumor of the thyroid gland, accounting for 74-80% of all thyroid cancers. The 1799T>A transversion is an activating mutation of the BRAF oncogene that is common in and specific to conventional PTC. We studied the prevalence, tumorigenic role, and biochemical implications of rare BRAF variants in a large cohort of patients. METHODS A total of 2131 fine-needle aspiration biopsy samples were collected and subjected to BRAF mutation analysis. BRAF genetic variants were analyzed by Western blot, immunofluorescence, and in silico analysis. RESULTS BRAF mutations were found in 50% (347/700) of thyroid cancers (644 PTCs, 22 anaplastic thyroid carcinomas, 34 follicular thyroid carcinomas). They were the classic (c.1799T>A, p.V600E) mutation in 96.8% (336/347) and rare genetic variants in 3.2% (11/347). In all, five infrequent BRAF alterations were detected: (i) c. 1795_1797dupACA (p.T599dup); (ii) c.1801A>G (p.K601E); (iii) c. 1799_1801delTGA (p.V600_K601>E); (iv) c. 1799_1814>A (p.V600_S605>D); and (v) c. 1798_1810delinsA (p.V600_W604>R). The last BRAF variant has never been described in the literature. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence both revealed a variegated reactivity pattern, again emphasizing the peculiar role of every specific BRAF genetic alteration. In silico analysis of the samples studied revealed a stabilization of the "active" geometrical conformation of the B-raf enzyme associated with the activated and productive state of the kinase domain. CONCLUSIONS Rare BRAF variants were found in 1.6% of all thyroid malignancies, all clustered around the codon V600, in the binding pocket named A-loop, confirming its crucial role in the enzymatic activation of the B-Raf protein. These mutations were associated mainly with the activation of key effectors in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, but a simultaneous stimulation of the PI3k/Akt cascade was demonstrated in some cases. The rare BRAF variants were not generally associated with an aggressive behavior of the PTC. To our knowledge, this is the largest series of thyroid cancers analyzed to identify and functionally characterize rare BRAF variants.
An overview of protein-folding techniques: issues and perspectives

The importance of protein folding has been recognised for many years. Almost a half century ago, Linus Pauling discovered two quite simple, regular arrangements of amino acids--the alpha-helix and the beta-sheet that are found in almost every protein. In the early 1960s, Christian Anfinsen showed that the proteins actually "tie" themselves: If proteins become unfolded, they fold back into proper shape of their own accord; no shaper or folder is needed. The nature of the unfolded state plays a great role in understanding proteins. Alzheimer's disease, cystic fibrosis, mad cow disease, and many cancers are inherited emphysema. Recent discoveries show that all these apparently unrelated diseases result from protein folding gone wrong. Theoretical and computational studies have recently achieved noticeable success in reproducing various features of the folding mechanism of several small to medium-sized fast-folding proteins. This survey presents the state-of-the-art in protein structure prediction methods from a computer scientist perspective.
Portuguese-based, Spanish-based, and French-based languages

Introduction PORTUGUESE-BASED LANGUAGES 1. Cape Verdean Creole of Santiago 2. Cape Verdean Creole of Brava 3. Cape Verdean Creole of Sao Vicente 4. Guinea-Bissau Kriyol 5. Casamancese Creole 6. Santome 7. Angolar 8. Principense 9. Fa d'Ambo 10. Diu Indo-Portuguese 11. Korlai 12. Sri lanka Portuguese 13. Papia Kristang 14. Batavia Creole SPANISH-BASED LANGUAGES 15. Ternate Chabacano 16. Cavite Chabacano 17. Zamboanga Chabacano 18. Papiamentu 19. Palenquero FRENCH-BASED LANGUAGES 20. Haitian Creole 21. Guadeloupean Creole and Martinican Creole 22. Guyanais 23. Louisiana Creole 24. Reunion Creole 25. Mauritian Creole 26. Seychelles Creole 27. Tayo Language Index
Neurospora crassa Catalases, Singlet Oxygen and Cell Differentiation

Abstract The morphogenetic transitions of the N. crassa asexual life cycle are responses to a hyperoxidant state in which probably singlet oxygen is generated. Induction of catalase activity and catalase oxidation by singlet oxygen are consequences of this recurrent hyperoxidant state. Here the biochemical properties and regulation of two large monofunctional catalases are reviewed, and a new catalaseperoxidase gene and activity is described. Catalase-3 is associated to growing and Catalase-1 to nongrowing cells. Under stressful conditions one of these catalases is synthesized, depending on whether growth can be continued or a resistant cell has to be made. The catalaseperoxidase Catalase-2 was possibly derived from a bacterial enzyme. In contrast to the other catalases, Catalase-2 had catalase and peroxidase activity. Catalase-2 was expressed under conditions in which vacuolization of hyphae is observed. All three enzymes have a chlorin in its active site instead of ferroprotoheme IX and are resistant to molar concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. These and all other catalases tested so far are oxidized by singlet oxygen, probably at the heme moiety. The catalase activity is virtually unaffected by oxidation, but the enzymes are probably degraded more rapidly than the unmodified ones.
Liquid Cooled Cold Plates for Industrial High-Power Electronic Devices—Thermal Design and Manufacturing Considerations

Electronics cooling research has been largely focused on high heat flux removal from computer chips in the recent years. However, the equally important field of high-power electronic devices has been experiencing a major paradigm shift from air cooling to liquid cooling over the last decade. For example, multiple 250-W insulated-gate bipolar transistors used in a power drive for a 7000-HP motor used in pumping or in locomotive traction devices would not be sufficiently cooled with air-cooling techniques. Another example is a “hockey puck” SCR of 63 mm diameter used to drive an electric motor that could dissipate over 1500 W and is difficult to cool with air because of the shape of the device. Other devices include radio-frequency generators, industrial battery chargers, printing press thermal and humidity control equipment, traction devices, mining devices, crude oil extraction equipment, magnetic resonance imaging, and railroad engines. This article classifies the cold plates into four types: formed tube cold plate, deep drilled cold plate, machined channel cold plate, and pocketed folded-fin cold plate. The article further discusses selection of cold plate type and channel configuration, and some of the relevant manufacturing issues. It is recommended that the thermal designer be involved in the early stages during the electrical design and layout of the devices.
Humanized Anti-Interleukin 6 Receptor Antibody Induced Long-term Remission in a Patient with Life-Threatening Refractory Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

Refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is associated with considerable rates of mortality. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) has been reported to play a role in the pathogenesis of AIHA. This report describes a patient with AIHA who was successfully treated with a humanized anti-human IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) monoclonal antibody (MoAb). He had experienced life-threatening AIHA and had received conventional therapy with corticosteroids, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporin A, melphalan, plasma exchange, and irradiation to his spleen. However, the patient’s symptoms and laboratory data did not show a sufficient improvement. Because his serum IL-6 level was elevated, we attempted to block IL-6 signaling by using a humanized anti-IL-6R MoAb, MRA.With 8 mg/kg of MRA administration every 2 weeks, the serum hemoglobin level gradually increased and normalized within 4 months. After 2 years of MRA treatment, the disease activity was well controlled without adverse reactions. Anti-IL-6R MoAb can be a novel and effective therapeutic agent for AIHA.
The photochemistry of acetone in the upper troposphere: A source of odd‐hydrogen radicals

This paper summarizes measured photodissociation quantum yields for acetone in the 290‐320 nm wavelength region for pressures and temperatures characteristic of the upper troposphere. Calculations combine this laboratory data with trace gas concentrations obtained during the NASA and NOAA sponsored Stratospheric Tracers of Atmospheric Transport (STRAT) field campaign, in which measurements of OH, HO2, odd‐nitrogen, and other compounds were collected over Hawaii, and west of California during fall and winter of 1995/1996. OH and HO2 concentrations within 2 to 5 km layers just below the tropopause are ∼50% larger than expected from O3, CH4, and H2O chemistry alone. Although not measured during STRAT, acetone is inferred from CO measurements and acetone‐CO correlations from a previous field study. These inferred acetone levels are a significant source of odd‐hydrogen radicals that can explain a large part of the discrepancy in the upper troposphere. For lower altitudes, the inferred acetone makes a negligible contribution to HOx (HO+HO2), but influences NOy partitioning. A major fraction of HOx production by acetone is through CH2O formation, and the HOx discrepancy can also be explained by CH2O levels in the 20 to 50 pptv range, regardless of the source.