Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Review of Antennas for Indoor Positioning Systems

This paper provides a review of antennas applied for indoor positioning or localization systems. The desired requirements of those antennas when integrated in anchor nodes (reference nodes) are discussed, according to different localization techniques and their performance. The described antennas will be subdivided into the following sections according to the nature of measurements: received signal strength (RSS), time of flight (ToF), and direction of arrival (DoA). This paper intends to provide a useful guide for antenna designers who are interested in developing suitable antennas for indoor localization systems.
Quasi-symplectic methods for Langevin-type equations

Langevin type equations are an important and fairly large class of systems close to Hamiltonian ones. The constructed mean-square and weak quasi-symplectic methods for such systems degenerate to symplectic methods when a system degenerates to a stochastic Hamiltonian one. In addition, quasi-symplectic methods’ law of phase volume contractivity is close to the exact law. The methods derived are based on symplectic schemes for stochastic Hamiltonian systems. Mean-square symplectic methods were obtained in Milsteinet al. (2002, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 39, 2066–2088; 2003, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 40, 1583–1604) while symplectic methods in the weak sense are constructed in this paper. Special attention is paid to Hamiltonian systems with separable Hamiltonians and with additive noise. Some numerical tests of both symplectic and quasisymplectic methods are presented. They demonstrate superiority of the proposed methods in comparison with standard ones.
Reduction of ingestion exposure to trihalomethanes due to volatilization

Ingestion of tap water is one of the principal exposure pathways for disinfection byproducts (DBPs). One major class of DBPs, trihalomethanes (THM), are highly volatile, and volatilization will tend to lower ingestion exposures. This study quantifies volatilization rates of the four THM species that occur while drinking tap water, specifically, losses during the preparation, storage, and serving of water. A mass transfer model based on two-resistance theory and quiescent conditions is presented, and parametrizations of all variables are provided. Volatilization rate constants are estimated in experiments representing common patterns of tap water consumption, i.e., storage of tap water in pitchers, pouring, and serving in glasses and mugs at temperatures from 4 to 100 °C. Predicted and experimental results show comparable loss rates for the four THMs. Observed volatilization rates declined exponentially, as expected, and greatly exceeded model predictions that assumed quiescent conditions in the liquid. Lo.
Nitrogen ligands in copper-catalyzed arylation of phenols : Structure/activity relationships and applications

In spite of the importance of ligand/ copper-catalyzed arylations of nucleophiles in organic chemistry, the structural and electronic features that make a ligand efficient in these reactions have not been determined until now. In this work, several bidentate ligands involving pyridine and/or imine nitrogen binding sites such as our lead ligand 1 have been synthesized, and tested in phenol arylations with a view to highlight relationships between the structure of the chelates and their efficacy. This study allowed us to more precisely define the role of each type of N-binding site during the catalytic process, and to discover new efficient ligands. Among them, the iminopyridine 6a, which is cheap and easy-to-prepare in high yield, is very attractive for industrial applications. Some examples of its field of application are presented here. In the future, the development of this work could allow a more rational design of efficient ligands in arylation reactions, without resorting to classical ligand screening.
An In Silico Cell Signaling-Based Approach for Exploring the Activities Involved in Pre-Metastasis and Metastasis

In order to understand, identify and explore the activities involved in metastasis, as well as possible control points, in this work we model and simulate the sequential steps that a cell must follow from its transformation to metastasis, using the Cellulat bioinformatics tool, an in silico experimentation environment that complements and guides in vitro experimentation concerning intra and intercellular signaling networks.
ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE SPLICING IN CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDTII by

BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE SPLICING IN CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDTII by Praveen Kumar Raj Kumar Pre-mRNA splicing is one of the fundamental post-transcriptional processes in eukaryotic gene expression and regulation. Alternative Splicing (AS) occurs when different splice sites of pre-mRNA are processed to generate mRNA isoforms leading to diverse proteins with functional and/or structural differences from the same gene. The first chapter of my thesis gives a mini review on alternative splicing in plants. The second chapter reports the finding on the bioinformatics analysis of alternative splicing in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Unlike in mammals, intron retention is the major mode of alternative splicing (AS) in plants, suggesting distinctive regulatory mechanisms of AS between plants and animals. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, an alga that shares both animal and plant traits serves a good model to study evolutionary perspective of AS and its underlying mechanisms. In this alga, retained introns are significantly shorter and have weaker splice sites, with fewer G-triplets intronic splicing enhancers and C-triplets than constitutively spliced introns. BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE SPLICING IN CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDTII
A Generalized System Dynamics Model for Managing Transition-Phases in Healthcare Environments

Process change is often difficult to manage, let alone to predict. In this paper, adaptation function theory is used to illustrate how a system dynamics-based model can be used to anticipate the effects that process change policies and strategies will have on change execution. The adaptation function is a form of learning curve that incorporates a performance goal following an exponential growth/decay behavior. Adaptation function focuses on learning by doing, thus making it ideal to assess a transition-phase between two processes; that is, the process to implement a new process. The methodology proposed delineates how system archetypes can be used as the building blocks to model learning by doing transition-phases. In addition, the methodology is validated through the establishment of the theoretical foundations to build a transition phase management model, contextualized in an electronic health records (EHR) system implementation process. The resulting model and framework is validated through extremes testing and potential applications for the methodology and EHR model are discussed.
Neutron diffraction study of δ-AlOOD at high pressure and its implication for symmetrization of the hydrogen bond

Abstract We have conducted a powder neutron diffraction study of the distorted rutile-type hydrous phase δ-AlOO(D0.74H0.26) at pressures up to 9.2 GPa. Rietveld refinement reveals that the observed diffraction data are best fitted by a model with an asymmetric hydrogen bond (space group P21nm). The Al-O2 bonds of the AlO6 octahedron remain longer than the Al-O1 bonds up to 9.2 GPa, reflecting the fact that O2 is the donor and O1 is the acceptor of the hydrogen bond of O2-D···O1. As pressure increases, the Al-O1 bond lengths remain almost constant or increase slightly, whereas the longer Al-O2 bonds are more compressible. The O···O distance of the shared edge of the octahedron is almost constant unlike the other O···O distances that decrease during compression. The bulk modulus of the AlO6 octahedron is determined to be 197.0(4) GPa, where K' is fixed to 4. The AlO6 octahedron rotates about 1° during compression to 9.2 GPa. As pressure increases and the O2···O1 distance decreases, the D···O1 bond is shortened, whereas the O2-D bond becomes elongated, with pressure dependencies of -1.81(9) × 10-2 Å/GPa and 0.57(8) × 10-2 Å/GPa, respectively, implying the symmetrization of the hydrogen bond at high pressure. The decrease in intensity of the 120 reflection as pressure increases suggests that the transition from the structure with space group P21nm to that with Pnnm would take place in δ-AlOOD at high pressure. This transition could be attributed to the disorder of deuterium or symmetrization of the hydrogen bond.
USING THE CRUDE OIL AND HEATING OIL MARKETS FOR DIESEL FUEL PURCHASING DECISIONS

Agricultural producers and input suppliers must regularly make decisions based on forecasts; however, most publicly available forecasts are for outputs. Research has shown the importance of being a low-cost operator. Thus, focusing on inputs may be beneficial. The objective of this research was to estimate models based on futures markets to forecast diesel fuel prices. Results suggest diesel fuel prices forecasted using the crude oil or heating oil futures market are reasonably accurate, and that this approach is superior to using a historical average. Based on out-of-sample price predictions, producers could profitably use crude oil futures-based models to make diesel fuel purchasing decisions. While the gains from following a model-based decision rule were small, they were positive, suggesting producers would not be worse off following this strategy.
Neutrino energy reconstruction problems and neutrino oscillations

We discuss the accuracy of the usual procedure for neutrino energy reconstruction which is based on the quasielastic kinematics. Our results are described in terms of a probability distribution for a real neutrino energy starting from the reconstructed energy. Several factors are responsible for the deviations from the reconstructed value. The main one is the multinucleon component of the neutrino-nucleus interaction which in the case of Cherenkov detectors enters as a quasielastic cross section. Our procedure is discussed in connection to the MiniBooNE and T2K excess electron events from the conversion of muon neutrinos. The result is a reshaping effect which may influence the interpretation in terms of oscillation.
Was the Ediacaran—Cambrian radiation a unique evolutionary event?

Abstract. The extent of morphologic innovation during the Ediacaran—Cambrian diversification of animals was unique in the history of metazoan life. This episode was also associated with extensive changes in the redox state of the oceans, in the structure of benthic and pelagic marine ecosystems, in the nature of marine sediments, and in the complexity of developmental interactions in Eumetazoa. But did the phylogenetic and morphologic breadth of this episode simply reflect the unusual outcome of recurrent evolutionary processes, or was it the unique result of circumstances, whether in the physical environment, in developmental mechanisms, or in ecological interactions? To better characterize the uniqueness of the events, I distinguish among these components on the basis of the extent of sensitivity to initial conditions and unpredictability, which generates a matrix of possibilities from fully contingent to fully deterministic. Discriminating between these differences is important for informing debates over determinism versus the contingency in the history of life, for understanding the nature of evolutionary theory, and for interpreting historically unique events.
UNDERSTANDING AND OVERCOMING BASELINE ISOTOPIC VARIABILITY IN RUNNING WATERS

Natural abundances of stable isotopes in lotic food webs yield valuable information about sources of organic matter for consumers and trophic structure. However, interpretation of isotopic information can be challenging in the face of variability in organisms at the base of food webs. Unionid and dreissenid mussels, commonly used as baseline organisms in lakes, are uncommon in many river settings and can have variable diets, thus making them unsuitable as a universal baseline for many river food web studies and often forcing reliance on more common benthic insects for this purpose. Turnover rates of body carbon and nitrogen in insects are relatively rapid (1 to 50 days half‐life). These rapid turnover rates in primary consumers can result in considerable temporal variability in δ13C that rivals that of algae (>10‰ range within a site). This suggests that using primary consumers as a surrogate baseline for algae may not circumvent the problem of temporal variability and the resultant mismatch of sources with longer‐lived, slow‐growing secondary and tertiary consumers. There are several strategies for reducing the influence of these confounding factors when bivalves with a known diet are not present. These include sampling over large spatial scales and correlating δ13C of consumers with the source of interest (e.g. benthic algae), sampling baseline organisms multiple times in the weeks preceding sampling of larger consumers (particularly in response to large changes in discharge) and using algal‐detrital separation methods and multiple tracers as much as possible. Incorporating some of these recommendations and further exploring variability at the base of the food web will potentially provide greater insights into consumer–resource coupling in running waters and more robust conclusions about food web structure and energy flow in these dynamic systems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Localization of Facial Features Using Viola- Jones and Canny Method

Face detection plays a vital role in the field of image processing. The primary aim of the proposed face detection system is to find out if there is any face in an image and then localize the facial features in a human face. A hybrid approach is used for face detection in this paper which is a combination of neural networks used to detect faces using Multilayer feed forward networks and other using viola-Jones face detection method followed by canny edge detection method. Simulation results are taken in parameters of Hit Rate, Miss Rate, Accuracy, Run time.
Campylobacter in sheep, calves and broiler chickens in the central region of Algeria: Phenotypic and antimicrobial resistance profiles

The study was conducted in four slaughterhouses in Bouira Province, central region of Algeria. Campylobacter in the main food animals (sheep, calves and broilers) were studied to evaluate the prevalence, phenotypic characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility of isolated strains. Out of 200 sheep, 200 calves and 100 broilers swab samples collected. 150 strains were isolated and identified. A study of sensitivity to 14 antibiotics by the disc diffusion method was performed. This finding shows that, Campylobacter species are very common in avian samples isolates of (96%) but less frequent in sheep and calves (13 and 14% respectively). On the entire isolated strains, Campylobacter jejuni was the most common with an isolation rate of 58% followed by C. coli and C. lari. The majority of isolated Campylobacter strains showed as multidrug resistant. High rates of resistance to different antibiotics tested were observed in broilers, mainly to Nalidixic acid (96.8%), Ciprofloxacin (91.6%) and Erythromycin (88.54%); the lowest level of resistance was found to the Tetracycline (44.7%). The high frequency of digestive portage noted in food animals and the high rate of antibiotic resistance constitutes a real threat to public health in study area. In conclusion, significant Campylobacter isolation rate and multiple drug resistance should be at acceptable level so as to increase productivity livestock rearing off the study sites. Key words: Campylobacter, sheep, calves, broiler, frequency, antibiotic resistance, Algeria.
Students' Perceptions toward Using Classroom Debate to Develop Critical Thinking and Oral Communication Ability

The purpose of this study was to make inquiries about students’ perceptions on employing classroom debate toimprove critical thinking and oral communication ability. Sixteen undergraduate students were randomlyassigned to a group, and took part in debates for nine sessions throughout one whole semester. Part of the datawas collected through a survey questionnaire including twenty one statements using 5-point Likert scale.Students were also provided with a number of open-ended questions to write down their perceptions about theclassroom debate. In addition, semi-structured interviews were conducted with a number of volunteeredparticipants. Overall, the students believed that the classroom debate was a constructive learning activity. Therespondents believed that the debates helped improve their critical thinking skills and oral communication ability.In addition, as the students claimed, other benefits of the debates included mastering the course content, boostingconfidence, overcoming the stage fright, and improving team work skills.
Forecasting the Adoption of GM Oilseed Rape: Evidence from a Discrete Choice Experiment

This paper explores farmers’ willingness to adopt genetically modified oilseed rape prior to its commercial release and estimates the ‘demand’ for the new technology. The analysis is based upon choice experiments with 202 German arable farmers. A multinomial probit estimation revealed that GM attributes such as gross margin, expected liability from cross pollination, or flexibility in returning to conventional oilseed rape significantly affect the likelihood of adoption. Neighbouring farmers’ attitudes towards GM cropping and a number of farmer and farm characteristics were also found to be significant determinants of prospective adoption. Demand simulations suggest that adoption rates are very sensitive to the profit difference between GM and non-GM rape varieties. A monopolistic seed price would substantially reduce demand for the new technology. A monopolistic seed supplier would reap between 45 and 80 per cent of the GM rent, and the deadweight loss of the monopoly would range between 15 and 30 per cent of that rent. The remaining rent for farmers may be too small to outweigh possible producer price discounts resulting from the costs of segregating GM and non-GM oilseed rape along the supply chain.
Retrieving aerosol backscattering coefficient for short range lidar using parameter selection at reference point

A new method is proposed based on the analysis of lidar equation which selects aerosol backscatter ratio at a reference point for short range lidar in data processing. Simulation computation and experimental comparison results show that this method is reasonable and feasible. The method is applied to short range lidars, such as atmospheric monitoring lidar-2 (AML-2) and micro-pulse lidar (MPL).
Geometrical criteria for left-handed twists within protein beta-strands

Using a statistical analysis on beta-sheet structures from the Protein Data Bank, characteristic angles within beta-strands were correlated to the nature of the side chains. The twists were computed from the atomic coordinates of five consecutive amino acids’ alpha carbons from single beta-strand sequences. Conditions on the angles for twists to be mainly left-handed are given together with the frequency of occurrence for these non-standard geometrical properties within protein beta-strands. Applications in protein structure prediction and CASP challenges in particular are envisioned by making use of the probabilities of occurrence in protein structures of angle value ranges for given amino acids.
dimRed and coRanking - Unifying Dimensionality Reduction in R

This document is based on the manuscript of Kraemer et al. (2018) which was published in the R-Journal and has been modiőed and extended to őt the format of a package vignette and to match the extended functionality of the dimRed package. łDimensionality reductionž (DR) is a widely used approach to őnd low dimensional and interpretable representations of data that are natively embedded in high-dimensional spaces. DR can be realized by a plethora of methods with different properties, objectives, and, hence, (dis)advantages. The resulting low-dimensional data embeddings are often difficult to compare with objective criteria. Here, we introduce the dimRed and coRanking packages for the R language. These open source software packages enable users to easily access multiple classical and advanced DR methods using a common interface. The packages also provide quality indicators for the embeddings and easy visualization of high dimensional data. The coRanking package provides the functionality for assessing DR methods in the co-ranking matrix framework. In tandem, these packages allow for uncovering complex structures high dimensional data. Currently 15 DR methods are available in the package, some of which were not previously available to R users. Here, we outline the dimRed and coRanking packages and make the implemented methods understandable to the interested reader.
Definition and computation of ideal Turaev Viro invariants

Turaev Viro invariants are de ned via state sum polynomials associated to special spines of a 3-manifold. Its evaluation at solutions of certain polynomial equations yields a homeomorphism invariant of the manifold, called a numerical Turaev Viro invariant. The coset of the state sum modulo the ideal generated by the equations also is a homeomorphism invariant of compact 3-manifolds, called an ideal Turaev Viro invariant. Ideal Turaev Viro invariants are at least as strong as numerical ones, without the need to compute any explicit solution of the equations. We computed various ideal Turaev Viro invariants for closed orientable irreducible manifolds of complexity up to 9. This is an outline of [5]. 1. Definition and computation of ideal Turaev Viro invariants Let P be a special 2-polyhedron [9] with a choice of orientation for each 2stratum. Let C(P ) be the set of its 2-strata, E(P ) the set of its true edges and V(P ) the set of its true vertices. Let F be a nite set with an involution − , and let G be another nite set. A F ,G-colouring of P is any pair (φ,ψ) of maps φ : C(P )→ F , ψ : E(P ) → G, assigning colours to 2-strata and true edges. For an oriented 2stratum of colour f ∈ F , the oppositely oriented 2-stratum shall have the colour −f . Let ΦF,G(P ) be the set of all F ,G-colourings of P . The weight of f ∈ F is the symbol w(f). At a true vertex v of P , six 2-strata and four true edges meet (counted with multiplicities). Let (φ,ψ) ∈ ΦF,G(P ) assign to the 2-strata and true edges in the neighbourhood of v the coulours a, . , f ∈ F and A, . ,D ∈ G, respectively, as depicted in Figure 1 (orientations of 2-strata are indicated by arrows). The 6j4k-symbol v of v is the symbol ∣∣ a b c f e d ∣∣A,B C,D . King S.A. , Ideal Turaev Viro invariants. c © 2006 King S.A. Partially supported by INTAS project CALCOMET-GT ref. 03-51-3663. Communicated by A.D.Mednykh February 27, 2006, published March 1, 2006.
Long- and short-time asymptotics of the first-passage time of the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck and other mean-reverting processes

The first-passage problem of the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process to a boundary is a long-standing problem with no known closed-form solution except in specific cases. Taking this as a starting-point, and extending to a general mean-reverting process, we investigate the long- and short-time asymptotics using a combination of Hopf–Cole and Laplace transform techniques. As a result we are able to give a single formula that is correct in both limits, as well as being exact in certain special cases. We demonstrate the results using a variety of other models.