Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cost analysis of different pharmacological treatment strategies in elderly hypertensives

Objective. To compare costs for management of hypertension in elderly hypertensives randomized to starting treatment with conventional (beta‐blockers/diuretics) therapy or a therapy initiated with a calcium antagonist or an angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. Design. Health economic substudy in the Swedish Trial in Old Patients with Hypertension‐2 (STOP Hypertension‐2). Setting. Outpatient clinics in Sweden. In this health economics substudy, 16/312 participating STOP‐2 trial centers were selected. Subjects. Elderly (70–84 years) patients (n = 303) with a systolic and/or diastolic hypertension (⩾180 and/or 105 mmHg). Methods. Costs for patient management were analyzed and categorized in costs for routine care (protocol‐driven costs, PDC), costs for extra visits or care (non‐protocol‐driven costs, NPDC), and direct drug costs (drug treatment costs, DTC). All calculations are related to costs during the first year of treatment after inclusion in STOP Hypertension‐2. Results. Out of the scheduled visits, a total of 99% were actually performed by the patients. There were no differences in the number of visits between the three treatment groups (diuretics/beta‐blockers, calcium antagonists or ACE inhibitors). PDC did thus not differ between the three treatment groups. NPDC were similar in the conventional and calcium antagonist groups and lower than for the ACE inhibitor group. DTC were lower in the conventional treatment group compared with the other two groups. Conclusion. In elderly hypertensives in STOP Hypertension‐2, total costs for management of hypertension were lower in patients assigned to diuretics, beta‐blockers or calcium antagonists compared with ACE inhibitors during the first year of treatment. These results may be relevant to management of elderly hypertensive patients, especially in those patients without compelling indications or contraindications to starting treatment with either of these three main drug alternatives. Notably, with a specific drug regimen there are sizable NPDC such as extra visits and controls associated with symptoms or side‐effects of a specific therapy, which significantly add to the total costs of treatment. Such costs, beyond the actual costs for the drugs, are important to realize and evaluate in order to provide the true costs for treatment of hypertensive patients.
Study of missing meter data impact on domestic load profiles clustering and characterization

Automated load managements and cost-effective power systems in distribution level are now becoming possible by increasing the number of installed smart meters at end-users side. Monitoring and controlling the massive datasets of demand curves require using data mining and characterizing load profiles. This paper analyses a wide range of data from a comprehensive survey of residential customers. It investigates the effect of missing load measurement in the result of clustering consumers load profiles. Different scenarios have been considered in order to detect and deal with missing or incorrect recordings. Moreover, the result of clustering for different percentage of missed values has been evaluated considering various numbers of clusters.
Fatal necrotising pneumonia due to community‐acquired methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

177 The Doctor Ross Ingram Memorial Essay Prize Are you an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander with something to say about Indigenous health? Tell us your story The Doctor Ross Ingram Memorial Essay competition is open to any Indigenous person who is working, researching or training in a health-related field. Essays should be no more than 2000 words long, and must be submitted by Monday, 10 January 2005.
New observations on AC NBTI induced dynamic variability in scaled high-κ/Metal-gate MOSFETs: Characterization, origin of frequency dependence, and impacts on circuits

In this paper, the frequency dependence of the dynamic variation induced by AC NBTI aging in scaled high-κ/metal-gate devices are experimentally studied for the first time. Challenges in comprehensively characterizing AC NBTI induced variation are addressed by the modified method. The additional variation source in AC NBTI, originating from the variations among each AC clock cycle, is found to be non-negligible and thus should be included in predicting circuit stability. With increasing AC frequency, the mean value (μ) of the Vth shift (ΔVth) is reduced as expected; however, the variation (σ) of ΔVth is almost unchanged, which surprisingly disagrees with the conventional model predicting the reduced variation. The origin of this new observation is found due to the competitive impacts of the activated trap number and the trap occupancy probability during device aging. Taken clock-CCV and frequency dependence into account, the impacts of AC NBTI on the SRAM cell stability can be evaluated in terms of both degradation and variation. The results are helpful for the future variability-aware circuit design.
Characterization of return‐stroke currents in rocket‐triggered lightning

[1] We present a statistical analysis of the salient characteristics of current waveforms for 206 return strokes in 46 rocket-triggered lightning flashes. The flashes were triggered during a variety of experiments related to the interaction of lightning with power lines that were conducted from 1999 through 2004 at the International Center for Lightning Research and Testing at Camp Blanding, Florida. The return-stroke current, after measurement, was injected into either one of two test power lines or into the Earth near a power line via a grounding system of the rocket launcher. Statistical information is presented for return-stroke peak current, charge transfer, half-peak width, and 10%–90% risetime. Our return-stroke peak current statistics are found to be generally consistent with those reported from other triggered-lightning studies and appear to be independent of electrical properties of the strike object, as previously found in another study. We found significant correlation (R2 = 0.76) between lightning return-stroke peak current and the corresponding charge transfer within 1 ms after return-stroke initiation. The dependence is surprisingly similar to that found by Berger and co-workers for the natural first return-stroke peak currents and 1-ms charge transfers. The means of the 10%–90% current risetimes for strikes to the power line (geometric mean 1.2 μs) and for strikes to the Earth (geometric mean 0.4 μs) are significantly different which indicates that the electrical properties of the strike object affect the risetime. This effect is likely related to the impedance seen by lightning at the strike point and/or to reflections at impedance discontinuities within the strike object, larger effective impedances apparently resulting in larger risetimes. A dependence of the return-stroke current half-peak width on the electrical properties of the strike object was not observed in our direct and nearby-strike experiments.
Pipelined Asynchronous Circuits

This thesis presents a design style for implementing communicating sequential processes (CSP) as quasi delay insensitive asynchronous circuits, based on the compilation method of [1]. Although hand compilation can always yield optimal circuits to a good designer, a restricted approach is suggested which can easily implement circuits with some slack between inputs and outputs. These circuits are fast and versatile building blocks for highly pipelined designs. The first chapter presents the implementation approach for individual cells. The second chapter investigates the time behavior of complex pipelined circuits, with the goal of adding slack where necessary and adjusting transistor sizes to optimize the overall throughput.
去甲氧柔红霉素10和8 mg/m2联合阿糖胞苷治疗初发急性髓系白血病的比较性研究

目的 比较去甲氧柔红霉素（IDA）10 mg/m2和8mg/m2（简称10和8 mg组）联合阿糖胞苷（IA）方案诱导治疗成人初发急性髓系白血病（AML）（除外急性早幼粒细胞白血病）患者的疗效、血液学不良反应及预后。 方法 回顾性分析2004年6月至2013年10月335例成人初发AML患者资料，其中IDA 10 mg组198例，8 mg组137例，比较两组患者的第1疗程化疗反应、血液学不良反应及早期死亡率，分析IDA剂量对预后的影响。 结果 除外早期死亡的4例患者，331例可评估患者的第1疗程完全缓解（CR）率为72. 5%，部分缓解（PR）率为10. 0%，总反应（OR）率为82. 5%。 IDA 10 mg组第1疗程CR率及OR率均显著高于IDA 8 mg组（CR率：78.9%对63. 5%，P=0.003；OR率：88.2%对75. 4%，P=0.007）。 多因素分析显示，女性、初诊时HGB≥100 g/L、FLT3-ITD突变阴性、IDA剂量10 mg/m2是有利于第1疗程获得CR的因素。 化疗后所有患者均出现4级血细胞减少，两组患者化疗后中性粒细胞绝对值≥0.5×109/L和PLT≥20×109/L恢复时间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 所有患者中位随访14（1~118）个月，98例（29.3%）复发，92例（27.5%）死亡，3年无病生存（DFS）率和总生存（OS）率分别为53. 2%和58. 9%。 3年DFS和OS率在174例持续化疗患者中分别为34. 2%和37. 4%，在157例异基因造血干细胞移植患者中分别为74. 5%和81. 2%。 多因素分析结果显示，诱导化疗时IDA剂量10 mg/m2是改善患者DFS（P=0.040）及OS（P=0.007）的独立因素。 结论 IA“3+7”方案诱导治疗初发AML患者，IDA 10 mg/m2与8 mg/m2相比，第1疗程CR率显著提高，血液学不良反应相似，并且改善DFS及OS。
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 8 Regulates Mitotic Commitment in Fission Yeast

ABSTRACT Temporal changes in transcription programs are coupled to control of cell growth and division. We here report that Mediator, a conserved coregulator of eukaryotic transcription, is part of a regulatory pathway that controls mitotic entry in fission yeast. The Mediator subunit cyclin-dependent kinase 8 (Cdk8) phosphorylates the forkhead 2 (Fkh2) protein in a periodic manner that coincides with gene activation during mitosis. Phosphorylation prevents degradation of the Fkh2 transcription factor by the proteasome, thus ensuring cell cycle-dependent variations in Fkh2 levels. Interestingly, Cdk8-dependent phosphorylation of Fkh2 controls mitotic entry, and mitotic entry is delayed by inactivation of the Cdk8 kinase activity or mutations replacing the phosphorylated serine residues of Fkh2. In addition, mutations in Fkh2, which mimic protein phosphorylation, lead to premature mitotic entry. Therefore, Fkh2 regulates not only the onset of mitotic transcription but also the correct timing of mitotic entry via effects on the Wee1 kinase. Our findings thus establish a new pathway linking the Mediator complex to control of mitotic transcription and regulation of mitotic entry in fission yeast.
Spousal resemblance for history of major depressive episode in the previous year

Background. There is discrepancy in findings on spousal concordance for major depression. Here we report the risk of depression and its determinants in spouses of persons with or without depression, taking into account several known risk factors for major depression. Methods. A random sample of non-institutionalized Finnish individual aged 15–75 years was interviewed in the 1996 National Health Care Survey. The sample included 1708 male–female spouse pairs. Major depressive episode (MDE) during the last 12 months was assessed using the Short Form of the University of Michigan version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (the UM-CIDI Short Form). Risk factors were assessed in the same interview. Results. Factors associating with MDE were spouse's MDE, own alcohol intoxication at least once a week and own chronic medical conditions. In addition, there was a strong association between female's current smoking and male's MDE, independently of other risk factors and spousal MDE. The association of MDE with spouses's MDE was not affected by taking into account other assessed risk factors (own or spouse's). Conclusions. The results indicate elevated spouse concordance for MDE independent of the risk factors assessed in the present study.
Effects of Short-Term Food Deprivation on Growth of Hand-Reared American Kestrels

Sudden prey reductions were simulated to examine their impact on growth parameters of nestling American Kestrels (Falco sparverius) hand-reared in captivity. The experimental design consisted of three treatments: (1) 15 nestlings fed ad libitum (control individuals), (2) 15 nestlings that were starved for 24 hr when 7 days old, and for 36 hr when 21 days old, and (3) 15 nestlings that were starved for 36 hr when 14 days old and for 48 hr when 28 days old. Fitting biometrical data to the logistic model (body mass and the length of antebrachium, tarsus and beak) or linear models (length of the ninth primary and the central rectrix), no significant differences were found for the growth parameters of each trait between control and starved birds. This revealed no long-term effects caused by temporary starvation. Although starved individuals suffered a significant weight loss following the periods of food deprivation, they recovered mass in 2-4 days by increasing food ingestion when the ad libitum diet was restored. This flexibility of the growth of mass can be seen as an adaptive mechanism to permit compensation in day to day fluctuations of the food supply. Although American Kestrels show reversed sexual size dimorphism prior to fledging, males and females responded similarly to starvation.
Prevalence, severity and clinical features of psoriasis in fingernails and toenails in adult patients: Italian experience

Background Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting 2.0–6.5% of the European population. Although the most striking clinical features of psoriasis involve the skin, other organs including nails and joints may be affected in a substantial proportion of patients. Literature reports nail involvement in 10–56% of psoriatic patients, with common physical and social impairment. However, the precise prevalence of specific clinical features of nail psoriasis is somewhat under‐reported.
Activation of human lymphocytes in vitro by membrane-damaging toxins from Staphylococcus aureus

Purified staphylococcal alpha-, gamma-, and delta-toxin were shown to cause activation of lymphoid cells from adult human donors and of cord cells in vitro as measured by [14C]thymidine incorporation after 7 days of incubation. T cell-enriched and T cell-depleted lymphocyte suspensions were activated in a similar fashion. Beta-toxin, on the other hand, exerted no valid stimulation of the various lymphocyte preparations. The lymphocyte-activating properties of alpha- and gamma-toxin were shown to be independent of their hemolytic capacity. The results probably reflect unspecific mitogen effects, but a component of specific reactivity cannot be excluded. We suggest that the unspecific triggering of lymphocytes in vitro is caused by surface-active properties of the toxins.
Postexposure relationship of carbon monoxide in blood and expired air.

The postexposure relationship between venous blood carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) saturation and the concentration of carbon monoxide in breath is described by a quadratic equation derived from data obtained from 25 experimental human exposures to CO. Alveolar breath analysis can be used to accurately estimate the postexposure COHb saturation in adult white males.
Pseudo-obstruction secondary to anticholinergic drugs in Parkinson's disease.

independent of the diuretic and naturetic response. This vasodilator action is probably mediated by local prostaglandins, kinin and kallikrein activity.3 Pharmacologically, bumetanide is 40-fold more potent than frusemide on a weight for weight basis. The K+ losses are less with bumetanide. The role of bumetanide is acute pulmonary odema and congestive heart failure is well established. Bailey4 has described the use of bumetanide in 10 patients 2 months after their renal transplants and no serious side effects or biochemical abnormalities occurred. As far as we are aware, this is the only documented report of the use of bumetanide in renal transplant patients. We recommend its use at an early stage in the cadaveric renal transplants to obtain diuresis.
Cardiac remodeling in obesity.

Obesity has generated much interest within the cardiovascular community within the past 2 decades.1 It is now recognized that obesity is an important contributor to cardiac and all-cause mortality,1,2 independent of its association with other cardiovascular risk factors and increases the risk for cardiovascular morbidity, including heart failure (Figure 1). 2–4 The malefic consequences of obesity are due both to the associated structural and functional cardiac alterations as well as the high prevalence of coexisting conditions, such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, sleep–disordered breathing (SDB), and diabetes mellitus.1–7 To better understand the relationship between obesity and heart failure, we will review what is known about cardiac structural remodeling in obesity as well as the evidence for preclinical abnormalities in left-ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic functions. We will place particular emphasis on newer concepts and findings suggested by contemporary imaging methods. Figure 1. The population attributable risk of heart failure because of overweight is 14% in women and 8.8% in men. In obesity, the corresponding population attributable risks in women and men are 13.9 and 10.9%, respectively. From Kenchaiah et al,4 used with permission. By National Institutes of Health criteria, obesity is defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 and severe obesity as a BMI≥40 kg/m2.8 Obesity involves the growth of both lean body mass and adipose tissue and is characterized by a disproportionate growth of adipose tissue in relationship to lean body mass.9 It is now recognized that adipose tissue is not a homogeneous organ, but is differentiated in relation to its metabolic activity. Whereas fat accumulating in the subcutaneous region does not require substantial blood supply,10 fat surrounding organs (abdominal, epicardial) is metabolically active, requires energy, and produces a number of compounds …
Software malpractice — a distasteful experience

A sequence of events is described, leading to the severe deterioration of an initially well conceived and cleanly implemented compiler. It is shown how an initial “optimization” implanted a latent bug in the compiler, how the bug was subsequently activated through innocent compiler modification, and how the compiler then deteriorated because of the incompetent correction of the bus manifestation. This exceedingly negative case history is presented in the hope of conveying to the reader a better feeling for the complex problems inherent to industrial software production and maintenance. The difficulty in proposing any constructive (and complete! ) software engineering methodology is known and acknowledged; the study of an episode such as described in this paper might help put the difficulties, with which we are confronted, into better perspective.
Combining SURF and SIFT for Challenging Indoor Localization using a Feature Cloud

Indoor localization for smartphone users enables applications such as indoor navigation or augmented information services. Indoor localization can be achieved by using camera images to resolve the position based on a precomputed training set of images. This technique is widely known as imagebased localization. In particular, we create a feature cloud from a Structure from Motion (SfM) approach as training set. At runtime, a feature-based matching identifies similarities between a test image and the trained set in order to solve the perspective n-point (PNP) problem and compute the camera position. Since indoor environments are challenging regarding wall structure, light conditions and glass elements, we combine SIFT and SURF image features to exploit the advantages of both techniques and, thus, provide a highly robust localization technology. We can even show that our novel approach can be used for a realtime image-based localization of a smartphone using remote processing.
Submucosal injection, for endoscopic mucosal resection, of photocrosslinkable chitosan hydrogel in DMEM/F12 medium.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS We studied the ability of a photocrosslinkable chitosan in DMEM/F12 medium to maintain submucosal thickness and to reduce bleeding after mucosal resection. We also investigated the behavior of chitosan hydrogels with regard to wound healing. METHODS The gastric submucosal layer of heparinized rats was injected with the photocrosslinkable chitosan in medium (which was then irradiated with ultraviolet light to form a hydrogel), or with sodium hyaluronate, or hypertonic saline, and three investigations were done, using three different sets of rats. The first and second were measurement of the thickness of the layer, and of the amount of bleeding induced by mucosal resection, respectively. Thirdly, the effects of the chitosan hydrogel on wound healing were examined histologically. RESULTS Gastric submucosal layers of chitosan hydrogel-treated animals remained significantly thicker than those of other groups for at least 6 h after injection. The total amount of bleeding 20 min after mechanical mucosal resection was 170.0 +/- 20.0 mg, 678.3 +/- 226.3 mg, and 1020.0 +/- 104.1 mg in the chitosan hydrogel, sodium hyaluronate, and hypertonic saline groups, respectively. Histological study revealed that the focus of bleeding was surrounded by chitosan hydrogel and that almost all the hydrogel was biodegraded within 4 weeks. Furthermore, a discernible, but not statistically significant effect of the chitosan hydrogel on wound healing was observed. CONCLUSIONS The chitosan hydrogel produced mucosal elevation after submucosal injection with ultraviolet irradiation, and it significantly reduced bleeding after mucosal resection. Our newly developed chitosan hydrogel in medium might be a promising submucosal agent for endoscopic mucosal resection.
Explicit and Implicit Schema Information on the Linked Open Data Cloud: Joined Forces or Antagonists?

Schema information about resources in the Linked Open Data (LOD) cloud can be provided in a twofold way: it can be explicitly defined by attaching RDF types to the resources. Or it is provided implicitly via the definition of the resources´ properties. In this paper, we analyze the correlation between the two sources of schema information. To this end, we have extracted schema information regarding the types and properties defined in two datasets of different size. One dataset is a LOD crawl from TimBL- FOAF profile (11 Mio. triple) and the second is an extract from the Billion Triples Challenge 2011 dataset (500 Mio. triple). We have conducted an in depth analysis and have computed various entropy measures as well as the mutual information encoded in this two manifestations of schema information. Our analysis provides insights into the information encoded in the different schema characteristics. It shows that a schema based on either types or properties alone will capture only about 75% of the information contained in the data. From these observations, we derive conclusions about the design of future schemas for LOD.