Fatores comportamentais de risco à saúde cardiovascular em adolescentes de Curitiba, Paraná

This study aimed to analyze the prevalence and correlates of behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular health (BRFCH) among adolescents from public schools in Curitiba, Brazil. This study consisted of three articles, two systematic review studies and one original study. (i) Article 1: This review aimed to examine the prevalence of physical inactivity, sedentary behaviors and unhealthy food habits among Brazilian adolescents. Searches were conducted in five electronic databases (LILACS, SciELO, MEDLINE, Web of Science and Google Scholar) and the references of retrieved articles. The search yielded 5,872 potentially relevant titles, and 69 were included. Physical inactivity was analyzed in several studies (48/69, 69.6%). Twentyeight studies estimated physical inactivity rates above 50%. Frequently, the prevalence of sedentary behaviors also was above 50%. Several variables were used for definition of unhealthy food habits, and some criteria indicated estimates close to 100%. This review highlighted three BRFCH with high prevalence rates among Brazilian adolescents. (ii) Article 2: This study reviewed the literature related to alcohol and tobacco use among Brazilian adolescents. We found 3,495 potentially relevant titles; 57 were included. The mean prevalence rates for current alcohol and tobacco use were 34.9% and 9.3%, respectively. Alarming estimates for frequent and heavy use of these substances also were found, especially for the alcohol use. Environmental (substance use among friends and parents) and psychosocial (conflicts with parents and negative feelings) factors were often associated with alcohol and tobacco use. These results contribute to combating the use of these substances among Brazilian youth. (iii) Article 3: This study examined the prevalence and correlates of BRFCH among adolescents in Curitiba, Southern Brazil. Participants were 1,628 adolescents (11-17.9 years old; 52.5% boys). Six BRFCH were analyzed: physical inactivity, excessive TV time use, current alcohol and tobacco use, daily soft drink consumption and low fruit and vegetable consumption. Sociodemographic and behavioral variables were studied as possible correlates of the isolated and simultaneous presence of BRFCH. The most prevalent BRFCH were the daily soft drink consumption (47.6%, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 45.150.0) and the physical inactivity (43.1%, 95% CI: 40.6-45.5). Risk subgroups were referred to physical inactivity (girls, middle economic class, and who using computer/videogame daily), daily soft drink consumption (boys and who using computer/videogame daily), excessive TV time use (high economic class, who does not work, and who using computer/videogame daily), current alcohol use (older, high economic class, and who works), current tobacco use (older, who works, and who spend low uptime in a physical education class) and inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption (who does not participate in a organized physical activity). About 30% of adolescents reported three or more BRFCH. Older adolescents, who is of a low economic class, who do not participate in an organized physical activity, and who using computer/videogame daily were risk subgroups for simultaneous BRFCH. These high-risk subgroups should be focused in heath promotion programs among adolescents in Curitiba.