Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RADIATIVE TRANSFER MODEL OF DUST ATTENUATION CURVES IN CLUMPY, GALACTIC ENVIRONMENTS

The attenuation of starlight by dust in galactic environments is investigated through models of radiative transfer in a spherical, clumpy interstellar medium (ISM). We show that the attenuation curves are primarily determined by the wavelength dependence of absorption rather than by the underlying extinction (absorption+scattering) curve; the observationally derived attenuation curves cannot constrain a unique extinction curve unless the absorption or scattering efficiency is specified. Attenuation curves consistent with the “Calzetti curve” are found by assuming the silicate-carbonaceous dust model for the Milky Way (MW), but with the 2175 Å bump suppressed or absent. The discrepancy between our results and previous work that claimed the Small Magellanic Cloud dust to be the origin of the Calzetti curve is ascribed to the difference in adopted albedos; we use the theoretically calculated albedos, whereas the previous works adopted albedos derived empirically from observations of reflection nebulae. It is found that the attenuation curves calculated with the MW dust model are well represented by a modified Calzetti curve with a varying slope and UV bump strength. The strong correlation between the slope and UV bump strength, as found in star-forming galaxies at , is well reproduced when the abundance of the UV bump carriers is assumed to be 30%–40% of that of the MW dust; radiative transfer effects lead to shallower attenuation curves with weaker UV bumps as the ISM is more clumpy and dustier. We also argue that some local starburst galaxies have a UV bump in their attenuation curves, albeit very weak.
Relationship of Spiritual Health and Perceived Stress with Breastfeeding Self-efficacy: A Survey on Mothers with Hospitalized Neonates

Introduction: Positive outcomes of breastfeeding on both mothers and neonates health are inevitable. Mother self-efficacy has a constructive role on initiating and continuing breastfeeding, in turn, it is influenced by several factors. The present study aimed to determine some risk factors associated with breastfeeding self-efficacy of mothers with hospitalized newborns.Materials and Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was carried out on 150 eligible mothers who were selected from Motahhari Hospital of Urmia in 2016, using consecutive sampling. Data was collected using questionnaires such as Demographics, Paloutzian and Ellison the Spiritual Health Scale (PESHS), Cohenâ��s Perceived Stress (PSS), and Dennis Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (BSEF). Descriptive (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (ANOVA, Independent t-test, Pearsonâ��s correlation coefficient and multiple regressions) were used to analyze the data in SPSS software under windows with version 16. Results: The results showed that the mean and standard deviation of breastfeeding self-efficacy score were 128. 95Â±17.84, respectively. The final multivariate regression model showed that the variables of spiritual health (P=0.01, I²(r) =. 208, t=2.54), perceived stress (P=0.03, I²(r) = -. 173, t=-2.18), and monthly income (P=0.01, I²(r)=. 214, t=2.55), had statistically significant relationships with breastfeeding self-efficacy. No significant relationships were observed between self-efficacy and other demographic variables (p>0.05). Conclusion: The study suggests that breastfeeding self-efficacy of mothers was influenced by spiritual health, perceived stress, and economic status. Hence, it is recommended and emphasized that health care providers consider these factors in designing their health interventions regarding breastfeeding.
Multi-Objective Optimization for Information Retrieval 1

The primary goal of information retrieval (IR) systems is to satisfy the information need of a user. To achieve this most search engines are optimized to rank documents based on their topical relevance to the query. However other relevance criteria, such as credibility, reputability and readability can play a role depending on the information need of the user [7]. The importance of these criteria may differ, and it might not be known a priori how these criteria need to be balanced. E.g. a child might need more easily readable documents in comparison to other users. We propose to mitigate this by viewing multiple relevance criteria as objectives and learning a set of rankers that provide different tradeoffs w.r. t. these objectives. We combine the multi-objective technique Optimistic Linear Support (OLS) [5] with multiple utility-based metrics in a learning-to-rank setting.
Content-based Search for Image Retrieval

In this paper, a content-based image retrieval approach is presented for effective searching. The proposed approach uses two or more types of query for accessing images, textual annotation associated with images and visual appearance, such as colour, texture and positional features of objects in sample images. One can first place a keyword-based query, and then the desired images are retrieved by visual content-based query. The proposed retrieval approach shows clear improvements over competing approaches in terms of retrieval accuracy and visual inspection using Corel gallery and WWW images.
Stock Market Reactions to Environmental News in the Food Industry

Few studies to date have addressed the relationship between the food industry's environmental and financial performances although the industry is one of the biggest contributors of greenhouse gas emissions. We analyze the impact of environmental news about selected food companies on their stock prices. Results show that positive (negative) events that are the result of direct internal company actions lead to higher (lower) predicted returns, whereas events related to third-party opinions lead to smaller changes in predicted returns in short event windows. This study highlights the importance of conducting the analysis on a disaggregated basis by incorporating firm-level variables.
THE BEHAVIOR OF THE MARGIN OF STABILITY DURING ABLE-BODIED TRUNK-FLEXED GAIT

The dynamic margin of stability (MoS), defined as the difference between the anterior boundary of the base of support and the extrapolated whole-body center of mass (WBCM) at foot touchdown, reflects the control of gait dynamic stability. This study explores the behavior of MoS during level walking in able-bodied walkers (n = 10) under altered sagittal trunk orientations, including ~30°, ~50° and maximal trunk flexion from the vertical compared with upright posture. Exploiting compensatory kinematic adjustments (e.g., crouched lower-limbs) possibly allowed participates to control their postural stability, as increasing trunk flexion did not lead to a significant diminish in the MoS relative to regular upright walking. Our findings might be of clinical interest to clinician interested in the nature and impact of alteration in trunk geometry on the control of gait dynamic stability.
Is the nitrifi cation a redundant process in arid regions?: activity, abundance and diversity of nitrifi er microorganisms Es la nitrifi cación un proceso redundante en regiones áridas?: actividad, abundancia y diversidad de microorganismos nitrifi cadores

We tested if the microbial functional redundancy concept (theory relating changes in ecosystem functioning by species loss) apply for changes in the ammonium-oxidizing community (nitrifi er bacteria) due to: a) grazing disturbance, b) seasonal variations (dry season vs. wet season), c) habitat type (soil vs. organic residues), and d) ecological conditions (two eco-regions), in an arid region of central-western of Argentina. We determined: a) abundance of culturable nitrifi er bacteria, b) nitrifi cation activity and effi ciency, and c) nitrifi er community genetic structure by PCR-DGGE (richness and similarity index). Grazing did not change the nitrifi er abundance, activity and richness, while seasonally and ecoregion effects were scarce. Contrarily, the habitat type affected nitrifi er activity, which was higher in organic residues than in soil. All similarity indexes were low (average 0.50, range 0.76-0.18) which suggest high species diversity in these arid eco-regions. Our results indicate that the nitrifi cation process in arid region of Argentina is redundant but it applies only for each habitat. To our knowledge, this is the fi rst functional redundancy study on microbial ecological process in disturbed arid zones, in which we report an important species replacement but without modifi cations in microorganism abundance and activity.
On The Same Page? Support for Gender Quotas among Indonesian Lawmakers

As a strategy to improve women’s share in Indonesian parliament, gender quotas were introduced in 2002 and first implemented in the 2004 elections. Despite vast research on the influence of gender quotas in nominating women into parliament, little is known about male and female politicians’ acceptance and perception of gender quotas. This paper seeks to explore how distinct are male and female MPs in perceiving gender quotas and in explaining the roots of women’s political under-representation. Using a questionnaire involving 104 representatives (54 male and 50 female), the study suggests a significant gender gap occurs not only in perceptions related to quotas’ positive-discrimination legitimacy and efficiency but also in explanations that hinder women’s electoral success and which strategies might work best in overcoming the disparity. These distinctions matter because they offer insights as to the dynamics explaining why gender quotas are not resulting in a notable increase in women’ parliamentary representation.
Musically Understanding the Emotional Content of Speech

The purpose of this project is to explore the relationship between affect in speech and music in the context of a live, interactive system. I posit that through the creation of a relationship between the emotional content of speech and music, intrinsic information can be gathered with respect to both the emotion in the speech and the created music, i.e., more can be understood about the speech itself and there is a depth added to the musical composition. Broadly, this is a study in cognitive science; it is an application that searches for a method that can represent emotions in speech both parametrically (through measuring and quantifying input) and musically (through synthesis and composition). Within cognitive science, this project falls under three distinct fields: psychology and neuroscience, computer science, and music. Within the fields of psychology and neuroscience, this project requires the understanding of the implications of inflection and affect in speech. Within the field of computer science, this project creates an input for speech into the program, processes and translates the speech, and outputs the music. Finally, the field of music defines terms by which the parameters given by the program can be translated into an approachable and understandable auditory composition.
Classification Under Label Noise Based on Outdated Maps

Abstract. Supervised classification of remotely sensed images is a classical method for change detection. The task requires training data in the form of image data with known class labels, whose manually generation is time-consuming. If the labels are acquired from the outdated map, the classifier must cope with errors in the training data. These errors, referred to as label noise, typically occur in clusters in object space, because they are caused by land cover changes over time. In this paper we adapt a label noise tolerant training technique for classification, so that the fact that changes affect larger clusters of pixels is considered. We also integrate the existing map into an iterative classification procedure to act as a prior in regions which are likely to contain changes. Our experiments are based on three test areas, using real images with simulated existing databases. Our results show that this method helps to distinguish between real changes over time and false detections caused by misclassification and thus improves the accuracy of the classification results.
Techniques for the identification of bivalve larvae

Quantification of planktonic larval distributions has been limited by processing time, given the large numbers of samples generated by extensive field surveys. Until recently, the only technique available for reliable species identification of bivalve larvae was direct microscopic observation, but even this method is restricted to larval stages and species that can be distinguished morphologically. Molecular methods (e.g. antibody and oligonucleotide markers) show considerable promise for identifying bivalve larvae to species, regardless of developmental stage, alleviating ambiguity or subjectivity of some traditional, morphology-based taxonomy. Moreover, attaching species-specific molecular probes to fluorescent reporter tags, for example, has great potential for automated, expedited sample-processing. Optical identification techniques are promising, but probably not at the species level. Current methods of distinguishing bivalve larvae-morphological, molecular (i.e. immunological and DNA-based), or optical-are reviewed here to facilitate the selection of appropriate techniques for a given research problem and to stimulate the development of creative alternative approaches for rapid and accurate species identification.
Characterization of ankylosing spondylitis in Upper Egypt

Objective: To explore the features of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in Upper Egypt which has been under estimated in this area known for its lower socioeconomic status (SES). Methods: Seventy patients with a definite diagnosis of AS were prospectively evaluated. Information about human leukocyte antigen (HLA-B27) status, pattern of axial and peripheral involvement, inflammatory markers, extra axial features and axial radiographic findings together with other demographic variables were recorded. Bath AS disease activity and functional status (BASDAI and BASFI) were also assessed. Results: The mean age at onset was 24.9 ± 7.5 years and at diagnosis was 35.46 ± 12.1 years, with a diagnostic delay of 9.9 years on average. The male to female ratio was 2.9:1. HLA-B27 was positive in 38 of 51 patients (74.5%). Eighteen patients (25.7%) had a family history of AS. Peripheral arthritis was present in 14 patients (20%). Anterior uveitis was present in 5 patients (7.1%). The mean radiographic sacroiliitis grade was 2.42 ± 0.59. Lumbar syndesmophytes were present in 45 patients (64.3%) and bamboo spine was present in 13 (18.6%). Thirty (42.9%) patients had radiographic hip abnormalities, of whom 6 had received hip replacement surgery. Of 65 patients examined by bone densitometry, osteoporosis was diagnosed in 26 patients (40%). The mean BASDIA and BASFI were 4.8 ± 1.18 and 5.4 ± 1.5, respectively. Axial radiographic damage was significantly greater in men (P >0.001). Only 6 patients (8.6%) were aware of the nature of the disease and were maintained on regular treatment. Conclusion: The characteristics of AS in Upper Egypt were revealed. Noticeable radiographic damage with a high BASFI and BASDAI indicated a more severe disease than that reported in other Middle Eastern populations with a higher SES.
The effect of crowding and density on male mating behaviour in the rose bitterling (Rhodeus ocellatus)

Summary Female density and resource availability are two key variables that shape mating systems. Theory predicts that reproductive skew will amplify with increased male density and decreasing availability of resources, though limited empirical evidence suggests that this may not always be the case. Here we tested mean crowding, defined as the number of males per unit of resource, and density per se, defined as the number of individuals present per unit area, to investigate their effect on the mating system of Rhodeus ocellatus, a fish with a promiscuous, resource-based mating system. Males were exposed to combinations of high and low levels of crowding and density, while the operational sex ratio was held constant. High levels of crowding significantly affected the proportion of mussel spawning sites defended by males and the proportion of mussels into which sperm was released. In contrast to theoretical predictions, neither density nor crowding influenced overall male aggressive behaviours. Density, but not crowding, had a significant effect on male courtship rate, which arose as a possible trade-off between intra-sexual competition and inter-sexual behaviour. We discuss the results in the context of mating system evolution.
Good vibrations? Structure and function of the cloacal tip of male Australian Maluridae

When females mate multiply, sperm competition can generate strong selection for traits that provide males with a fertilisation advantage. This study examined the cloacal tip, a unique morphological structure of males that appears to be associated with sperm competition in Australian Maluridae. Species in this group appear to experience a range of sperm competition intensities and exhibit a diversity of associated reproductive adaptations and behaviours. A prominent cloacal tip was present in the striated grasswren Amytornis striatus striatus, and superb Malurus cyaneus cyanochlamys, splendid M. splendens melanotus, red-backed M. melanocephalus and white-winged fairy-wrens M. leucopterus leuconotus, while variegated M. lamberti assimilis and blue-breasted M. pulcherrimus fairy-wrens possessed a rudimentary tip, and the southern emu-wren Stipiturus malachurus malachurus lacked a tip. The tip was a muscular hydrostatic appendage of the cloacal protuberance comprised of longitudinal striated muscle, a two-dimensional matrix of connective tissue and a keratinised epithelium. After controlling for phylogenetic relationships, cloacal tip length was positively related to combined testes mass but not body mass. Therefore, species inferred to experience more intense sperm competition exhibited a longer cloacal tip. We discuss the potential function of the cloacal tip and suggest that it may increase a male's likelihood of paternity success and represents a novel adaptation to sperm competition.
Emotional Regulation and Well-Being in Adulthood

Emotional regulation refers to a person's ability to understand and accept his or her emotional experience, to engage in healthy strategies to manage uncomfortable emotions when necessary, and to engage in appropriate behavior. Well-being integrates mental health (mind) and physical health (body) resulting in more holistic approaches to disease prevention and health promotion. The purpose of the present study is to assess the difference between Emotional Regulation and Well-Being in adults in the various age category i.e. 18- 35 years (early adulthood) and 45- 60 years (late adulthood). The sample of 120 adults (60 in early adulthood and 60 in late adulthood) was collected from various area of Jaipur city through convenient sampling.Thedatawere collectedusing2tools, the first tool is an Emotional Regulation Questionnaire by GROSS, J.J., & JOHN, O.P. (2003)and second tool is Well-being Index by WHO. The data was statistically analyzed by student's t-test and SPSS 15 version 20 using mean, SD and t test.The result shows that the correlation between emotional regulation and well-being is not strongly correlated inadulthood. There is no significant diference in emotional regulation with respect of age and gender and in well-being with respect to gender. We found out extremely significant difference in well-being with respect to age.
Winter 12-4-2017 Measuring the Quality of Financial Electronic Payment System : Combined with Fuzzy AHP and Fuzzy

The study aims to apply Fuzzy AHP in TOPSIS to discuss the key factors that foster the success of current third-party online payment platforms. This study organized the quality measurements into four categories and eleven sub-categories. The AHP in TOPSIS is applied to calculate the weighted averages of all categories and sub-categories to measure the quality of third-party online payment platforms. This study finds that “safety quality” is the most emphasized category, “system quality” is the second, “communication quality” is the third, and “service quality” is the least emphasized.
Modeling blue and green water availability in Africa

Despite the general awareness that in Africa many people and large areas are suffering from insufficient water supply, spatially and temporally detailed information on freshwater availability and water scarcity is so far rather limited. By applying a semidistributed hydrological model SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool), the freshwater components blue water flow (i.e., water yield plus deep aquifer recharge), green water flow (i.e., actual evapotranspiration), and green water storage (i.e., soil water) were estimated at a subbasin level with monthly resolution for the whole of Africa. Using the program SUFI‐2 (Sequential Uncertainty Fitting Algorithm), the model was calibrated and validated at 207 discharge stations, and prediction uncertainties were quantified. The presented model and its results could be used in various advanced studies on climate change, water and food security, and virtual water trade, among others. The model results are generally good albeit with large prediction uncertainties in some cases. These uncertainties, however, disclose the actual knowledge about the modeled processes. The effect of considering these model‐based uncertainties in advanced studies is shown for the computation of water scarcity indicators.
Interference between voice and data channels sharing the same unshielded twisted pair cable's sheath in structured cabling systems

The goal of this paper is to study the interference between data and voice channels using different pairs inside the same four-pair UTP cable's sheath in structured cabling systems. Interference effects are evaluated theoretically from the channel model developed for this study which has been validated through field measurements in regular used structured cabling systems. The interference of the data channel over the voice channel is evaluated by means of the induced psophometric voltage through field measurements. Likewise the interference of the voice channel is evaluated through the bit error rate (BER) in the data channel when the voice channel is active. More than just analyzing the interference between data and voice channels this paper shows some interesting interference relations between analog and digital signals as well.
Modeling the non-stationary behaviour of time-varying electrical bioimpedance

The electrical bioimpedance (EBI) measurement of varying biological systems Z(? ,t) (e.g. the heart, the lungs,.) by means of electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) remains an open challenge today. Briefly stated, the bioimpedance is widely assumed to be time-invariant when it is measured with the frequency sweep EIS approach. Hence, time-varying changes are thus ignored or treated as a noise source. In this work, we attempt to model the time-variant effects and obtain a simple (periodically) time-varying [(P)TV)] electrical circuit model with (P)TV parameters from experimental in vivo EBI data using the model proposed by Fricke- Morse. The aim is then to illustrate that a limited number of harmonic components of the electrical circuit parameters, which corresponds to an integer number of the bio-system periodicity, can be used to have a realistic evolution of the bioimpedance over time as well as in frequency.