Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
STUDYING THE RELATIONS OF ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING WITH EMPLOYEE EMPOWERMENT: A CASE STUDY AT TEHRAN SOCIAL SECURITY ORGANIZATION

This article is dealing with the study of Organizational Learning and Employees' impowerment and assessment of the rate of employees' empowerment feeling and specifying context of Security Organization in view of organizational learning. To do so, two learning and empowerment standard questionnaires have been used. Statistical society of this research includes 500 managers, experts and employees of Social Security Organization of Tehran city. Statistical sample of the research was estimated to be 220 persons. Nevertheless, 240 questionnaires were distributed and 220 questionnaires were analyzed. The results showed that there is a significant relation between learning on empowerment. Based on data analysis and the conclusions extracted, Social Security organization's staff are equipped with required empowerment and the following criteria including feeling of work meaningfulness, feeling of deserving forcefulness, feeling of choice, feelings of effectiveness and feeling of trusting on colleagues, are founded in the employees of social security organization, among which feeling of deserving competence gains the higher grade and feeling of choice and trusting on colleagues, the lowest grade. Context of Social Security Organization was determined in regard to organizational learning and it was found that there is a gap between desirable context of organizational learning and current status of company based on data analysis and extracted results. Among fourfold factors perspective, organizational learning and then organizational culture have obtained the lowest degree needing to further overview.
Facile Synthesis of Mesoporous Graphene Materials from Potassium Humate for Supercapacitor Electrodes

Mesoporous graphene materials (MG-X) were prepared from potassium humate coupled with magnesium acetate. The freeze-drying pretreatment and MgO particles not only prevent the agglomeration of graphene sheets and form mesopores but also help to reduce the oxygen content and enlarge the sp2 carbon domain of MG-X. MG-X possess optimized characteristics including large specific surface area (>1100 m2·g−1), high mesoporosity (~90%), and low oxygen content (~7%). When used as supercapacitor electrodes, MG-X demonstrate optimal electrochemical performances among all materials prepared here, such as high gravimetric capacitance (150 F·g−1 at high current density of 3.3 A·g−1) and enhanced rate capability with the capacitance retention of ~80% from 0.041 to 3.3 A·g−1. Moreover, MG-5 exhibits good cycling stability with a capacitance retention of 98.6% after 1000 cycles at 2.46 A·g−1. This work provides a facile and efficient preparation method for mesoporous graphene materials used as supercapacitor electrodes.
Visitor Perceptions and Valuation of Visibility in the Great Gulf Wilderness, New Hampshire

USDA Forest Service Proceedings RMRS-P-15-VOL-5. 2000 In: Cole, David N. ; McCool, Stephen F. ; Borrie, William T. ; O’Loughlin, Jennifer, comps. 2000. Wilderness science in a time of change conference— Volume 5: Wilderness ecosystems, threats, and management; 1999 May 23– 27; Missoula, MT. Proceedings RMRS-P-15-VOL-5. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. L. Bruce Hill is Senior Scientist, Clean Air Task Force, Jackson, NH 03846. Wendy Harper is a Doctoral Candidate and John M. Halstead is a Professor of Resource Economics and Development, University of NH, Durham NH. Thomas H. Stevens is a Professor of Resource Economics at the University of Massachusetts and Ina Porras is a Masters Degree graduate of the University of Massachusetts. Kenneth D. Kimball is Research Director, Appalachian Mountain Club, Gorham, NH 03581. Abstract—New Hampshire’s White Mountain National Forest is well known for its mountain scenery and its diverse outdoor recreational opportunities. Within The Forest are two federally protected Class I wilderness areas, the Great Gulf Wilderness, and the Presidential Dry-River Wilderness. The expansive scenic vistas from these two wilderness areas are commonly impaired by regional haze, largely a byproduct of fossil fuel electric energy production upwind of the region. Consumer choice of electric suppliers, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s 1999 regional haze regulations, and other regional emissions reductions programs may work to change visibility in the White Mountain National Forest. This paper characterizes existing visibility conditions in the Great Gulf Wilderness, and outlines the design and preliminary results of an ongoing study of visitor perceptions of visibility. The objective of the study is to understand: a) visibility conditions in the Great Gulf Wilderness, b) the sensitivity of visitors to haze, and c) the economic value of potential visibility changes to visitors.
A simple method for estimating the effective detection distance of camera traps

Estimates of animal abundance are essential for understanding animal ecology. Camera traps can be used to estimate the abundance of terrestrial mammals, including elusive species, provided that the sensitivity of the sensor, estimated as the effective detection distance (EDD), is quantified. Here, we show how the EDD can be inferred directly from camera trap images by placing markers at known distances along the midline of the camera field of view, and then fitting distance‐sampling functions to the frequency of animal passage between markers. EDD estimates derived from simulated passages using binned detection distances approximated those obtained from continuous detection distance measurements if at least five intervals were used over the maximum detection distance. A field test of the method in two forest types with contrasting vegetation density, with five markers at 2.5 m intervals, produced credible EDD estimates for 13 forest‐dwelling mammals. EDD estimates were positively correlated with species body mass, and were shorter for the denser vegetation, as expected. Our findings suggest that this simple method can produce reliable estimates of EDD. These estimates can be used to correct photographic capture rates for difference in sampling effort resulting from differences in sensor sensitivity between species and habitats. Simplifying the estimation of EDD will result in less biased indices of relative abundance, and will also facilitate the use of camera trap data for estimating animal density.
Insecticidal activity of a protein extracted from bulbs of Phycella australis Ravenna against the aphids Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris and Myzus persicae Sulzer

Aphids cause significant losses in many agricultural crops and in many cases cause repeated insecticide sprays, which increase the risk of resistance. Therefore, other alternatives are needed to control them. The toxic, anti-reproductive, and feeding deterrent effects of a mannose-binding lectin isolated from bulbs of Phycella australis Ravenna (Amaryllidaceae), named Phycella australis-agglutinin (PAA) was assayed on nymphs of the aphids Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris and Myzus persicae Sulzer fed with an artificial diet. After 72 h of PAA exposure, lethal concentration (LC50) values were 109 and 313 mu g mL(-1) for A. pisum and M. persicae, respectively, while LC90 values were 248 and 634 mu g mL(-1). Sub-lethal concentrations of PAA significantly reduced the aphid fecundity at a concentration of 80 mu g mL(-1). Only a total of 5.7 descendants per female were recorded for A. pisum (32% control progeny) and 12.4 for M. persicae (39% control progeny). Acyrthosiphon pisum was strongly deterred by PAA under choice conditions, as after 72 h exposed to 80 mu g PAA mL(-1) of diet, the feeding deterrent index was 0.91 for A. pisum and only 0.38 for M. persicae. In conclusion, the mannosebinding lectin isolated from bulbs of P. australis showed acute and chronical insecticidal activity against the pea and green peach aphids.
Basal topographic controls on rapid retreat of Humboldt Glacier, northern Greenland

Abstract Discharge from marine-terminating outlet glaciers accounts for up to half the recent mass loss from the Greenland ice sheet, yet the causal factors are not fully understood. Here we assess the factors controlling the behaviour of Humboldt Glacier (HG), allowing us to evaluate the influence of basal topography on outlet glacier response to external forcing since part of HG’s terminus occupies a large overdeepening. HG’s retreat accelerated dramatically after 1999, coinciding with summer atmospheric warming of up to 0.19°C a–1 and sea-ice decline. Retreat was an order of magnitude greater in the northern section of the terminus, underlain by a major basal trough, than in the southern section, where the bedrock is comparatively shallow. Velocity change following retreat was spatially non-uniform, potentially due to a pinning point near HG’s northern lateral margin. Consistent with observations, numerical modelling demonstrates an order-of-magnitude greater sensitivity to sea-ice buttressing and crevasse depth (used as a proxy for atmospheric warming) in the northern section. The trough extends up to 72 km inland, so it is likely to facilitate sustained retreat and ice loss from HG during the 21st century.
Collaborative learning: Interactive debates using padlet in a higher education institution

Teaching the advantages and disadvantages of ICT can be boring and unchallenging to students. Hence, a lesson was designed for interactivity and collaboration using Padlet. Padlet is an online tool and has been used for maintaining interactions and communication for collaborative learning. In this study, Padlet was used in a synchronous online debate among 40 students learning about computers in an institute of higher education. A survey of the usability of this tool for constructing new knowledge and for collaborative learning was done. In addition, students were interviewed to gather their opinion on the use of the tool. The findings indicated that students could learn and generate new ideas when using this tool. Hence, Padlet can be used for collaborative learning in the format of a debate to get new ideas. Further studies can be carried out to determine other models for using Padlet as an instructional tool for subjects in higher education institutions.
Student Enthusiasm and Preferential Treatment in Centralized Admissions

Why is preferential treatment (PT) popular under centralized admissions? Basic intuition suggests that schools value student enthusiasm, but indeed how PT can serve this end remains an open question. We show that it can be bene…cial for a single school to adopt PT so as to drive out the unenthusiastic students that would
Micromachined Nanocrystalline Silver Doped Tin Oxide Hydrogen Sulfide Sensor

We report here an ultra high sensitive hydrogen sulfide micromachined gas sensor based on SnO2-Ag gas sensing material was fabricated on ceramic wafer and quartz wafer. A polymeric sol-gel process has been successfully developed in fabricating thin film SnO2-Ag nanocomposite, which shows excellent sensing characteristics upon exposure to as low as 1 ppm concentrations of H2S at low working temperature of 70C. This sensor shows ultra high sensitivity to H2S even at extreme (both dry and wet) humidity conditions compared to published results and testing commercial H2S sensors. SEM was used to investigate surface morphology and crystalline of the film. Selectivity of this gas sensor was studied with comparison with several commercial H2S sensors; the result shows that this sensor is less sensitive to common interference gases like Cl2, HCl, SO2, C6H14, CH4, CO, C3H8 etc. which may cause false alarm in real applications.
Property Damage Crash Equivalency Factors for Solving the Crash Frequency-Severity Dilemma: Case Study on South Korean Rural Roads

Safety interventions (e.g. median barriers, photo enforcement) and road features (e.g. median type and width) can influence crash severities, crash frequencies, or both. Both dimensions—crash frequency and crash severity—are needed to obtain a full accounting of road safety. Extensive literature and common sense both dictate that all crashes are not ‘created’ equal—with fatalities costing society more than 1000 times the cost of property damage only crashes. Despite this glowing disparity, the profession has not unanimously embraced or successfully defended a non-arbitrary severity weighting approach for analyzing safety data and conducting safety analyses. This paper argues that both the crash frequency and severity dimensions are made available by intelligently and reliably weighting crash frequencies and converting all crashes to property damage only crash equivalents (PDOEs) using comprehensive societal unit crash injury costs. This approach is analogous to calculating axle load equivalents when predicting pavement damage—for instance a 40,000 lb truck causes 4025 times more stress than does a 4000 lb car and so simply counting axles is not sufficient. Calculating PDOEs using unit crash costs is the most defensible and non-arbitrary weighting scheme, allows for the simple incorporation of severity and frequency, and leads to crash models that are sensitive to factors that affect crash severity. Moreover, we show that using PDOEs diminishes the errors introduced by under-reporting of less severe crashes—an added benefit of the PDO equivalent analysis approach. The method is illustrated using rural road segment data from South Korea (which in practice should apply Korean crash cost data). Finally, the results and remaining issues with PDOEs and their adoption in safety analysis are discussed.
Imagística: A Case of Youth Entrepreneurship in a Small Film Production Firm

The article presents the trajectory of two young entrepreneurs of the Brazilian audiovisual sector, seeking to present the main motivations to starting the business, difficulties faced during the process and profile of entrepreneurs. In order to achieve the proposed goal, we conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with the young entrepreneurs over a period of six months. As main results it was verified that the main motivation to start the venture was the desire to develop projects independently and the opportunity to access government incentive policies that promote Brazilian film production. Among the main difficulties faced by the young entrepreneurs were the financial ones. They believe that a good entrepreneur is one who knows his goals, persists in reaching them, and overcomes adversities. The cases illustrates how a cultural entrepreneurship process is composed of a search for competences in both the artistic tools needed producing films as well as business startup and management.
Modulation of Hypothalamic-pituitary-Adrenal Axis Parameters by Teneurin C-terminal Associated Peptide (TCAP)-1

Teneurin C-terminal associated peptides (TCAP) are a family of bioactive peptides found on the terminal exon of the four teneurin genes. TCAP-1 is found within brain regions that modulate the activity of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), which is the principal neuropeptide regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. TCAP-1 has suppressive effects on CRFinduced anxiety behaviours in rats. However, previous studies determined that TCAP-1 does not act directly on the CRF receptors (CRFR). Thus, I postulate that TCAP-1 may act centrally to modify elements of the HPA axis. Using an immortalized mouse hippocampal cell line, I tested the hypothesis that TCAP acts either downstream of CRFR activation, or on the regulation of the glucocorticoid receptors (GCR), which modulate CRF actions. These studies indicate that TCAP-1 represents a novel peptide in the regulation of stress related systems, which acts independently of either CRF-, or glucocorticoidmediated signal transduction and transcription.
Microphytobenthic primary production in the Bodden estuaries, southern Baltic Sea, at two study sites differing in trophic status

Eutrophication in coastal areas has stimulated phytoplankton growth, sustaining a high biomass and leading to a shift in the underwater light field. With the significance of the microphyto- benthos for oxygen supply and carbon budget of both benthic and pelagic habitats in mind, the pos- sible effects of reduced light availability were investigated in the estuarine Bodden area (southern Baltic Sea) at 2 sites differing in trophic status—the eutrophic Kirr Bucht (KB) and the mesotrophic Rassower Strom (RS). Using for the first time microsensors in Bodden sediments, it was possible to visualize small-scale heterogeneity in the light regime, photosynthetic activity and oxygen penetration with high spatial and temporal resolution. Hence, differences at the 2 sites related to sediment charac- teristics (KB sandy, RS muddy), and photoautotrophic biomass (benthic chlorophyll a in the upper 1 cm, µg cm -3 = 11 to 48 at KB and 13 to 17 at RS) could be ruled out. Calculations of benthic primary production based solely on microelectrode measurements revealed substantial oxygen fluxes and car- bon fixation rates at in situ light intensities at both study sites (e.g. gross primary production, GPP, mg C m -2 h -1 = 28 to 80 at KB and 3 to 36 at RS). The different combinations of water transparency (pelagic chlorophyll a, µg l -1 = 12 to 33 at KB and 1.3 to 4.5 at RS), light attenuation k (3.17 m -1 at KB, 0.61 m -1 at RS) and water depth (0.6 m at KB, 3.4 m at RA) have led to a similar light availability for benthic algae on the sediment surface at both study sites. Consequently, the benthic algae had comparable productivity at both sites, with maximum primary production, P B max (mg C mg -1 chlorophyll a h -1 ) of 0.29 to 1.46 at KB and 0.17 to 1.63 at RS; and were adapted to rather low light conditions, with light saturation, Ek (µE m -2 s -1 ) of 22 to 152 at KB and 10 to 116 at RS). Varying with season, microphytoben- thic photosynthetic activity accounted for 26 to 59 and 2 to 53% to the total primary production at the KB and RS, respectively, with the highest contribution in spring coincident with the most favourable light conditions at the sediment surface. With an annual average of about 37 and 30% (KB and RS, re- spectively), the contribution of the microphytobenthos to total production was significant and compa- rable at both study sites. Nevertheless, the higher trophic status at KB resulted in a change in the ben- thic microalgal community towards sedimentated phytoplankton species and had a negative impact on microphytobenthic primary production rates. This was estimated by calculating the gross primary production for varying water depths on the basis of the different water transparency at the 2 sites.
Species occupancy and its course in the past: macroecological patterns in extinct communities

Questions: What is the shape of occupancy trajectories in fossil organisms? And what is the effect of occupancy on species survival? Data studied: Occupancy and its course through time for a species in extinct large mammal communities from Italy. Search method: We tested if occupancy (the proportion of fossil sites representing a given paleocommunity where a species is present) patterns in extinct communities match a bimodal distribution as in living communities. Then we regressed occupancy on species duration to estimate its effect on long-term survival. We built a null model of random occupancy trajectories and compared it to real data. Conclusions: The occupancy–frequency distribution in extinct communities is either bimodal or right skewed. We found a positive relationship between high occupancy and species survival. We found peaked occupancy trajectories to be the norm for hoofed mammals at least.
A family level rDNA based phylogeny of Cucurbitariaceae and Fenestellaceae with descriptions of new Fenestella species and Neocucurbitaria gen. nov

The taxonomy of the family Cucurbitariaceae and its allies, especially Fenestellaceae has received little attention despite its broad relevance. To further clarify phylogenetic relationships between the two families, new collections were made and samples examined morphologically. Morphometric observations reveal two new Fenestella species that are different from other known species and are introduced as Fenestella ostryae sp. nov. and F. mackenziei sp. nov. The asexual morph of F. ostryae is also established from single spore cultures and described. Phylogeny inferred from a combined dataset of ITS, LSU and SSU rDNA sequence also reveals a close association of the new taxa to F. fenestrata, but they are distinct. Sequence analyses also support our previous assumption that Fenestellaceae should be synonymized with Cucurbitariaceae. Pyrenochaeta quercina, Pyrenochaeta unguis-hominis and an additional new cucurbitaria-like isolate constitute a strongly supported monophyletic lineage within Cucurbitariaceae. To better resolve intergeneric level relationships and improve taxonomic issues within Cucurbitariaceae, a new genus, Neocucurbitaria gen. nov. is introduced with Neocucurbitaria acerina as a new
Tilt measurements at Vulcano Island

A network of tiltmeters has been operational on Vulcano Island for numerous years. At present, the network comprises five functioning borehole stations, four of which are installed at 8-10 m and allow recording very stable, high precision signals with very low noise. We report observations over the last 12 years that illustrate impulsive variations linked to seismicity and long-term (several years) trends in the signals. We suggest a relationship between tilt changes correlated to the strongest regional seismic events and site acceleration; long-term tilt variations analyzed in combination with other ground deformation data seem to represent evidence of a contraction of the La Fossa cone. We also analyzed how the tilt device has the capability to detect possible magma migrations; we considered previous studies that have imaged spatially well-defined levels of magma accumulation beneath La Fossa, and Vulcanello; we concluded that the Vulcano tilt network should be capable of detecting the upward migration of small magma volumes. Finally, we show that no evidence of changes are visible on tilt signals during anomalous degassing episodes (linked to a building up input of magmatic fluids) at the La Fossa thereby evidencing that no magma migration occurred during such events.
Financial Outreach and Use in Ethiopia

Access to finance is not the same as use of financial services. This paper looks into the supply side and uses of financial services in Ethiopia. Using the data obtained from National Bank of Ethiopia and individual banks this study evaluated the physical availability of financial services provider in national and regional level, and number of their service users for the Ethiopian fiscal year 2014. Bank branches, insurance companies branches and ATM as a ratio of total area square kilometer and total population used to point out the deposit taking financial institutions and insurance companies geographical and demographic penetration. Number of deposit and loan accounts of banks and microfinance together used as a proxy for number of users of financial services. Despite the various benefit of finance, both supply and usage data showed Ethiopian financial institution concentrated much on urban area. Especially the number of banks and insurance companies’ branches were found in the capital city, which is residential place for only 3.5% of total population of the country, very large. In this city private banks placed 45.56% of their branches, while public owned banks opened only 20.33% of their branches here. It has been the public owned banks that have the lion share in number of depositors and borrowers, and in amount of deposit and disbursed loan. Moreover, large numbers of insurance companies’ branches were operated in this city than the regional states. The microfinance institution which stands for serving the poor section of the society has accommodated only a few portions of the total poor peoples. K eywords : Geographic penetration and Demographic penetration, financial inclusion in terms of deposit and loan