Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RNAs of influenza A, B, and C viruses

The nucleic acids of influenza A, B, and C viruses were compared. Susceptibility to nucleases demonstrates that influenza C virus, just as influenza A and B viruses, possesses single-stranded RNA as its genome. The base compositions of the RNAs of influenza A, B, and influenza C virus are almost identical and comparative analysis on polyacrylamide gels shows that the genome of influenza C/GL/1167/54 virus, like that of the RNAs of influenza A and B viruses, is segmented. Eight distinct RNA bands were found for influenza A/PR/8/34 virus and for influenza B/Lee/40 virus. The RNA of influenza C/GL/1167/54 virus separated into at least four segments. The total molecular weights of the RNA of influenza A/PR/8/34 and B/Lee/40 virus were calculated to be 5.29 X 10(6) and 6.43 X 10(6), respectively. A minimum value of 4.67 X 10(6) daltons was obtained for influenza C/GL/1167/54 virus RNA. The data suggest that influenza C viruses are true members of the influenza virus group.
Emotional response to sport concussion compared to ACL injury

Primary objectives: To ascertain and compare the nature of emotional response of athletes to concussion and to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Research design: Pre-injury, post-injury and longitudinal emotional functioning of athletes with concussion (n = 16), athletes with ACL injuries (n = 7) and uninjured athletes (n = 28) were compared in a prospective repeated-measures design. Methods and procedures: Participants completed the short version of the Profile of Mood States (POMS). ANOVAs and trend analysis were used to examine between and within group differences across time on two sub-scales, Total Mood Disturbance and Depression. Main outcomes and results: Athletes with ACL injury reported higher levels of depression for a longer duration than athletes with concussion. Relative to un-injured controls, athletes with concussion reported significant changes in Total Mood Disturbance and Depression post-injury, whereas athletes with ACL injuries reported significant changes in Depression scores only. Different patterns of post-injury emotional disturbance for the injured groups were observed by trend analyses. Conclusions: Concussed athletes do not report as much emotional disturbance as athletes with ACL injuries. Differential patterns of emotional disturbance were detected between injured groups. The authors recommended that clinical protocols and educational programmes address emotional sequelae associated with sport concussion and ACL injury.
Is natural genetic transformation a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer in Yersinia?

We investigated the capacity of different Yersinia strains with emphasis to Yersinia enterocolitica to take up and incorporate DNA by natural genetic transformation. Our studies were initiated by the observation of partial homology between the virulence plasmid of a pathogenic Y. enterocolitica strain (O: 3, biovar 4) and plasmids indiginous to different apathogenic Y. enterocolitica biovar 1A strains revealed by hybridization studies. Furthermore, an observation of natural genetic transformation in a strain of Y. enterocolitica has been published by Callahan and Koroma (1979). To detect an uptake and incorporation of DNA, we incubated potential recipient strains with naked DNA under varying experimental conditions. The parameters tested were — the recipient strain, — the markers used to detect a DNA transfer, — the condition of the transforming DNA, — the nutrient availability, — the temperature, — the growth phase, and — the influence of stress. In our experiments, we could not identify conditions under which Y. enterocolitica could be naturally transformed. We thus conclude that natural transformation is unlikely to be an important mechanism for horizontal gene transfer in Yersinia.
Application of the theory on informational entropy in evaluation of economic benefit of coal enterprises

Economic benefit is a dimension for weighing the efficiency of the enterprise activities in management. This paper attempts to put the informational entropy theory into coal business in the course of evaluation on economic benefit, and offers some steps with which economic benefit in coal enterprises can be evaluated by using this theory. It also explores, with some examples, the index system for evaluation of economic benefit as well as its determination principles in coal enterprises.
Altered proteins of the anterior cingulate cortex white matter proteome in schizophrenia

Alterations in the circuitry between and within different brain regions including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is implicated in the neuropathology of schizophrenia. The involvement of white matter in schizophrenia is becoming increasingly apparent with reports of structural, morphological and genetic alterations occurring in the disease. The 2‐DE was employed to reveal significantly altered proteins within the ACC white matter proteome in a schizophrenia cohort (n = 10) relative to controls (n = 10). From the 423 matched spots between the two groups, the levels of 32 protein spots were altered in the schizophrenia ACC white matter. Of these, 30 spots were identified using MS. The majority of the altered proteins in schizophrenia function in metabolism, the cytoskeleton, and the synapse. These proteomic data suggest that the brain circuitry involving the ACC white matter tracts is altered in schizophrenia, possibly caused by depleted glucose metabolism and altered structural components of this region.
W-band four-way E-plane waveguide power divider

A four-way rectangular waveguide power divider/combiner has been developed in W-band. The waveguide power divider was achieved with improved E-plane T-junction structure. The input power can be divided into four parts in same amplitude, two of the four output ports and other two are out phase. The power divider has been simulated in HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator). The simulation result shows that S11 is below -19dB in the whole W-band, S21, S31, S41 and S51 are all very close to -6dB, the insertion loss is tiny.
Relationship between time of first cleavage and the expression of IGF‐I growth factor, its receptor, and two housekeeping genes in bovine two‐cell embryos and blastocysts produced in vitro

We have previously demonstrated that there is a clear relationship between the time interval between insemination and first cleavage in vitro and the development to the blastocyst stage of bovine embryos. In addition we have shown that this developmental ability can be linked to the stability of the mRNA for several gene transcripts measured in 2‐cell bovine embryos cleaving at different times. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between bovine embryo developmental competence, assessed in terms of time of first cleavage, and the expression of insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) ligand and receptor, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). The expression of β‐actin was used as a reference value. No differences were observed in the mRNA expression of G6PD and HPRT genes between male and female 2‐cell embryos. However, the expression of these two genes was significantly higher in female blastocysts than in male blastocysts. Moreover, when the relative amount of G6PD and HPRT mRNA detected in these groups of male and female embryos was compared, there was a significant relationship between the time of first cleavage and the relative amount of mRNA: 2‐cell embryos and blastocysts derived from oocytes that cleaved at 27 and 30 hr post insemination had higher levels of mRNA for G6PD and HPRT than those that cleaved after 33 hr. IGF‐I ligand and receptor was detected in all blastocysts analyzed, irrespective of stage of development or time of first cleavage. In addition, the receptor was detected in all 2‐cell embryos examined. In contrast, while IGF‐I ligand was found in all 2‐cell embryos that cleaved at 27 and 30 hpi, it was only found in some of those cleaving between 33 and 36 hpi and in none of those cleaving after 36 hr. In conclusion, we have demonstrated differences in gene expression in the early embryo that are reflective of differences in developmental competence between early‐ and late‐cleaving zygotes. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 57:146–152, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Locally Initiating Line-Based Object Association in Large Scale Multiple Cameras Environment

Multiple object association is an important capability in visual surveillance system with multiple cameras. In this paper, we introduce locally initiating line-based object association with the parallel projection camera model, which can be applicable to the situation without the common (ground) plane. The parallel projection camera model supports the camera movement (i.e., panning, tilting and zooming) by using the simple table based compensation for non-ideal camera parameters. We propose the threshold distance based homographic line generation algorithm. This takes account of uncertain parameters such as transformation error, height uncertainty of objects and synchronization issue between cameras. Thus, the proposed algorithm associates multiple objects on demand in the surveillance system where the camera movement dynamically changes. We verify the proposed method with actual image frames. Finally, we discuss the strategy to improve the association performance by using the temporal and spatial redundancy.
The Spectrum of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Variants

Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common type of thyroid malignancy. The diagnostic features of these tumors include characteristic nuclear cytology. However, many variants have been reported with different morphology and molecular profiles. Although the vast majority of papillary thyroid carcinomas have an excellent prognosis, some variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma can have a more aggressive course. With this increased attention to papillary thyroid carcinoma variants has come the need to sort out which variants are clinically important and should be recognized by practicing pathologists. The main objectives of this review article are to (1) summarize the gross and histopathologic features of papillary thyroid carcinoma; (2) provide an overview of the subtypes of papillary thyroid carcinoma and their prognosis; (3) discuss established and emerging data on the immunohistochemical findings that are helpful in differential diagnosis; and (4) summarize molecular findings and pathogenesis of these lesions.
Effect of omalizumab on symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomized controlled trial.

CONTEXT Seasonal allergic rhinitis is a common IgE-mediated disorder that produces troublesome symptoms. A recombinant humanized monoclonal anti-IgE antibody (omalizumab) forms complexes with free IgE, blocking its interaction with mast cells and basophils and lowering free IgE levels in the circulation. OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy and safety of omalizumab for prophylaxis of symptoms in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. DESIGN Randomized, double-blind, dose-ranging, placebo-controlled trial conducted from July 25 through November 21, 1997. SETTING Twenty-five outpatient centers throughout the United States. PATIENTS Five hundred thirty-six patients aged 12 to 75 years with at least a 2-year history of moderate to severe ragweed-induced seasonal allergic rhinitis and a baseline IgE level between 30 and 700 IU/mL. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomly assigned to receive omalizumab, 50 mg (n = 137), 150 mg (n = 134), or 300 mg (n = 129), or placebo (n = 136) subcutaneously just prior to ragweed season and repeated during the pollen season every 3 weeks in patients with baseline IgE levels of 151 to 700 IU/mL (4 total treatments) and every 4 weeks in patients with baseline IgE levels of 30 to 150 IU/mL (3 total treatments). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Self-assessed daily nasal symptom severity scores (range, 0-3), rescue antihistamine use, and rhinitis-specific quality of life during the 12 weeks from the start of treatment. RESULTS Nasal symptom severity scores were significantly lower in patients who received 300 mg of omalizumab than in those who received placebo (least squares means, 0.75 vs 0.98, respectively; P =.002). A significant association was observed between IgE reduction and nasal symptoms and rescue antihistamine use. Rhinitis-specific quality of life scores were consistently better in patients who received 300 mg of omalizumab than in those who received lower dosages or placebo and did not decline during peak season. The frequency of adverse events was not significantly different among the omalizumab and placebo groups. CONCLUSION Omalizumab decreased serum free IgE levels and provided clinical benefit in a dose-dependent fashion in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis.
Precision and recall oncology: combining multiple gene mutations for improved identification of drug-sensitive tumours

Cancer drug therapies are only effective in a small proportion of patients. To make things worse, our ability to identify these responsive patients before administering a treatment is generally very limited. The recent arrival of large-scale pharmacogenomic data sets, which measure the sensitivity of molecularly profiled cancer cell lines to a panel of drugs, has boosted research on the discovery of drug sensitivity markers. However, no systematic comparison of widely-used single-gene markers with multi-gene machine-learning markers exploiting genomic data has been so far conducted. We therefore assessed the performance offered by these two types of models in discriminating between sensitive and resistant cell lines to a given drug. This was carried out for each of 127 considered drugs using genomic data characterising the cell lines. We found that the proportion of cell lines predicted to be sensitive that are actually sensitive (precision) varies strongly with the drug and type of model used. Furthermore, the proportion of sensitive cell lines that are correctly predicted as sensitive (recall) of the best single-gene marker was lower than that of the multi-gene marker in 118 of the 127 tested drugs. We conclude that single-gene markers are only able to identify those drug-sensitive cell lines with the considered actionable mutation, unlike multi-gene markers that can in principle combine multiple gene mutations to identify additional sensitive cell lines. We also found that cell line sensitivities to some drugs (e.g. Temsirolimus, 17-AAG or Methotrexate) are better predicted by these machine-learning models.
Stochastic resource allocation for hybrid spectrum access OFDMA-based cognitive radios

A stochastic radio resource allocation (RRA) algorithm is designed to maximize the total transmission rate of orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) cognitive radios (CRs) with hybrid (i.e., joint underlay and overlay) spectrum access strategy. Our novel solution incorporates the probabilities of channel availability obtained through spectrum sensing for allocating power and subcarrier in a multi-user multi-band environment. In order to protect the licensed users from harmful intervention under imperfect sensing information, stochastic transmit and interference power constraints are imposed on the CRs. The performance of the proposed RRA algorithm and advantages over the conventional hard-decision-based approaches are demonstrated via simulation.
Two 180nm CMOS wireless transceivers for IoT applications

Two fully integrated reconfigurable transceivers (TRX) in 180nm CMOS for 750-930MHz short range wireless communication are presented. The narrowband Sub-GHz TRX consists of a low-IF receiver with 180 kHz signal bandwidth, a mixed-signal polar transmitter with 3.75 kHz signal bandwidth and a fractional-N frequency synthesizer. The RX achieves 4.01dB NF, 48dB IRR and 5~65dB dynamic range. The DPA provides 23.2dBm maximum saturation power with 44.5% PAE. Moreover, TX system verifications demonstrate 3.87% EVM for 891MHz π/4-DQPSK signals at 18.87dBm output power with - 40dBc out-of-band rejection. The Sub-GHz TRX for 802.11ah applications is composed of a Low-IF/Zero-IF reconfigurable receiver, a transmitter with PAPR-tolerant PA and a Σ-Δ fractional-N PLL with Class-C VCO. The RX achieves 4dB NF and consumes 18.9mW from a 1.7V supply. The CMOS PA achieves 13.6dBm output P1dB with 25.5% PAE in high power mode (HPM) and ×2.61 PAE improvement at 7dB back-off power in low power mode (LPM).
Comparative In Vitro Efficacy of Doripenem and Imipenem Against Multi-Drug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

OBJECTIVE To compare the in vitro efficacy of doripenem and imipenem against multi-drug resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa from various clinical specimens. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive cross-sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, from November 2012 to November 2013. METHODOLOGY MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from various clinical samples were included in the study. Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa against doripenem and imipenem was performed by E-test strip and agar dilution methods. The results were interpreted as recommended by Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. RESULTS The maximum number of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from pure pus and pus swabs. In vitro efficacy of doripenem was found to be more effective as compared to imipenem against MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa with both E-test strip and agar dilution methods. Overall, p-values of 0.014 and 0.037 were observed when susceptibility patterns of doripenem and imipenem were evaluated with E-test strip and agar dilution methods. CONCLUSION In vitro efficacy of doripenem was found to be better against MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosaas compared to imipenem when tested by both E-test and agar dilution methods.
Spatial averaging of velocity measurements in wall-bounded turbulence: single hot-wires

Recent advancements in velocity measurements to understand high Reynolds number (Re) wall turbulence have pushed the boundaries of sensor size required to resolve the smallest scales. We present here a framework for studying the effect of finite sensor size on velocity measurements, and scrutinize in detail the behaviour of single-wire hot-wires. Starting with a general linear filter, expressions for the filtered correlation, spectrum and the corresponding variance are derived. Considering the special case of a box-type filter and a simple model for the two-point correlation, theoretical results are developed, which are favourably compared with the numerical simulation of hot-wires based on the turbulent channel flow direct numerical simulation databases. The results clarify the reason why previous studies found the approximate shape of the spectra not resolved by hot-wires as Gaussian. The length scale based on the correlation over the sensor length is found to be the appropriate length scale for characterizing averaging due to finite sensor size. The efficacy of the linear box filter is established by comparing the numerical simulation of hot-wires with experiments conducted at matched sensor lengths and Re in a channel flow, at least for hot-wire lengths of less than 40 in viscous scaling. Finally, a model of the streamwise two-point correlation is presented, which is employed to estimate the filtering effect on the peak of the streamwise velocity variances for a range of Re, and the model results compare favourably with that obtained from measurements. Even though the theoretical results are compared here in the case of wall turbulence, they are suitable for hot-wire measurements in turbulent flows in general.
Knowledge of hepatitis B among healthy population: A community-based survey from two districts of Gujarat, India

Background: Hepatitis B is the world's most common blood-borne viral infection, accounting for 2 billion infections, 350 million carriers, and 6 lakh deaths annually. Country like India still harbors approximately 30–60 million hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers. A modest estimate would put the number of deaths occurring due to HBV infection per year in India to around 100,000. To prevent transmission and progression of the disease, proper community awareness including prevention is necessary. Therefore, this study aims to study the knowledge awareness among the healthy population about hepatitis B including knowledge regarding vaccine. Methodology: A community-based cross-sectional study was undertaken in two districts of Gujarat. Cluster sampling (30 clusters) was used, and pretested questionnaire was administered to 600 (with a prevalence rate of 5% in Gujarat having design effect of 2 within 95% confidence interval and 10% nonrespondent) healthy individuals, who heard about hepatitis B. Data handled and analyzed in EpiData Analysis V2.2. 2.183. Results: Majority of the participants knew about symptoms whereas only 41% knew about prevention methods and few 34% knew about the mode of transmission. Although 40% sample has knowledge about the availability of vaccination, only 20% were self-vaccinated. The common reason for nonvaccination was lack of awareness. Conclusions: Only one-third of the populations in study districts are aware about hepatitis B and its vaccine. Less than one-fifth of the populations are vaccinated for hepatitis B. Important knowledge deficits about the routes of hepatitis B transmission/prevention were identified. Continued efforts should be made to develop and implement hepatitis B educational campaigns/health promotion for these communities.
Ultrasound-Guided Genicular Nerve Pulsed Radiofrequency Treatment For Painful Knee Osteoarthritis: A Preliminary Report.

BACKGROUND Genicular nerve ablation with radiofrequency (RF) has recently emerged as a promising treatment in the management of osteoarthritis related knee pain. To date, genicular nerve injections have been performed under fluoroscopic guidance. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of ultrasound-guided genicular nerve pulsed RF treatment on chronic knee pain and function in patients with knee osteoarthritis. STUDY DESIGN Single-arm prospective study. SETTING University hospital and rehabilitation center in Turkey. METHODS A review was made of 29 patients with medial knee osteoarthritis who had undergone genicular nerve block in the previous 6 months. Patients with at least 50% reduction in the visual analog scale (VAS) score after genicular nerve block and with no on-going pain relief were selected for the study. Ultrasound-guided genicular nerve pulsed RF was applied to 15 knees of 9 patients. Pain and knee function were assessed with 100-mm VAS and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) index throughout 3 months. RESULTS A significant reduction in VAS scores was detected over time after the pulsed RF procedure (f: 69.24, P < 0.01). There was a significant improvement in the WOMAC scores (f: 539.68 , P < 0.01). LIMITATIONS The small number of participants, the lack of a control group, and short follow-up period were limitations of the study. CONCLUSIONS Genicular nerve pulsed RF treatment has been found to be safe and beneficial in osteoarthritis related knee pain. Further studies with a larger population and randomized controlled study design are warranted to confirm the positive findings of this preliminary report.