Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Advances in Multidetector Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of Urinary Stone Disease — Evolving Concepts and Radiation Dose Concerns

Urolithiasis is a universal problem, affecting patients across geographical, cultural, and racial groups. The incidence of urinary stones has shown a progressive increase in industrialized nations, and a similar trend is now being observed in developing countries due to changing social and economic conditions. The lifetime risk of nephrolithiasis ranges from 10 to 25%, with a high rate of relapse of 50% in five to 10 years and 75% in 20 years. It is estimated that over 5% of the US population are diagnosed with nephrolithiasis in their lifetime. The rising prevalence of urinary stone disease has a great impact on the healthcare system due to direct costs involved and the morbidity associated with its complications, such as infection and chronic renal failure. The incremental cost for treatment of nephrolithiasis was estimated to be around $3,500 per person in 2000, and the annual healthcare burden of treating urolithiasis in the US has risen from an estimated $1.83 billion in 1993 to $5.3 billion in 2000.
Sociodemographic correlates, stressful life events and hopelessness among impulsive suicide attempters- A hospital based study from North Kerala

1 Junior Resident, Department of Psychiatry, Academy of Medical Sciences, Pariyaram, Kerala 2 Professor and HOD, Department of Psychiatry, Academy of Medical Sciences, Pariyaram, Kerala Email: dr.yesudaskf@gmail.com 3 Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Academy of Medical Sciences, Pariyaram, Kerala Email: sumesh.balachandran@gmail.com *Corresponding Author Dr Varada Panikkath Junior Resident, Department of Psychiatry, ACME, Pariyaram, Kannur, Kerala, 670502, India Email: varadapanikkath@gmail.com Abstract Suicide is a global phenomenon which is a silent epidemic. Suicide attempts have far-fetched effects of community and public health. Impulsive or unplanned suicide attempts constitute a major part of the suicide attempts. A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out to assess the sociodemographic profile, level of hopelessness, level of suicide intent and stressful life events in impulsive suicide attempters and to assess the correlation of hopelessness, suicidal intent and stressful life event among them. Those admitted in a tertiary care center with any mode of suicide attempt were included in the study. A total of 150 patients were included after meeting inclusion criteria. Beck’s Hopelessness Scale and Beck’s Suicide Intent Scale were administered to assess hopelessness and suicide intent. Presumptive Stressful Life Events Scale was used to assess life events. Based on the score of 4 items in suicide intent scale, impulsivity score was calculated and those who scored <6 were considered as impulsive attempters. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 24. 61.3% (N=92) of the sample were impulsive attempters. Among them 63% were females (N =58) and 37% males (N =34). Most common psychiatric diagnosis was adjustment disorder (27.2%) followed by personality disorder (22.9%) and alcohol dependence syndrome (17.4%). Suicide intent was positively correlated with hopelessness, stressful life events score and number of stressful life events. A negative correlation was obtained for desirable life event score and suicide intent. The correlation of suicide intent score with undesirable life events was weak. Impulsive suicide attempts need more careful assessment and evaluation to prevent further suicide attempts and completed suicides. Accurate evaluation and management of impulsive trait or state may help in this.
Research ethics, informed consent and the disempowerment of First Nation peoples

Recently, Indigenous commentators have begun to analyse the way in which institutional Research Ethics Boards (REBs) engage with Indigenous researchers and participants, respond to Indigenous peoples’ concerns with academic research activities, and scrutinise the ethics proposals of Indigenous scholars. Of particular concern for Indigenous commentators is that the work of REBs often results in the marginalisation of Indigenous approaches to knowledge construction and dissemination, especially in relation to the vexed issue of informed consent. Based on analysis of the results of research with Indigenous researchers and research participants, this paper argues that institutionalised REBs’ preference for ‘universal’ and ‘individualised’ approaches for determining ethical research conduct marginalises Indigenous approaches to ethical research conduct. The paper concludes by calling for a decolonisation of REB processes through recognition of the validity of communal processes for attaining the informed consent of Indigenous research participants.
Spin Force on Pseudo Spin Current in Graphene

The present study investigated spin force by using pseudo spin-orbit coupling in an artificial atomic structure for graphene. This spin force, which is applied on pseudo spin current, can be controlled by graphene gap and electric field due to charged nanodot. It seems that, by this force can be constructed a logical system from graphene and semiconductors. In addition, this force can be used for understanding the Zitterbewegung of electron wave packet with pseudo spin-orbit coupling in graphene and create of the charge Hall effect in semiconductors and graphene.
Have aerosols affected trends in visibility and precipitation in Europe

[1] Here we investigate whether the large variations in anthropogenic aerosol concentrations over the last decades have had a notable effect on precipitation in Europe. Our main focus is on the heavily industrialized region formerly known as the Black Triangle (BT), where pollution levels increased until the late 1980s and then decreased substantially. Precipitation changes in this area are compared to changes in a clean coastal region in western Europe with minor pollution trends but with potentially higher aerosol-precipitation susceptibility. We find that pollution reductions caused a substantial increase in horizontal visibility of 15 km from 1983 to 2008 in the BT, contrasting a 2.5 km increase in the clean region. Over the same period total precipitation trends show no sign of aerosol influence, neither in years of emission increases nor emission reductions, and a circulation-based precipitation estimate indicates that the observed trends may be entirely explained by atmospheric circulation changes. The annual frequency of light precipitation events, however, increased significantly in the clean region, and in the BT we find significant changes in both total and light precipitation frequency for wind directions at which sulphate trends were largest. The trends were most pronounced in the summer season. Altogether, we find no verification that changes in pollution have caused measurable changes in total precipitation in Europe, but changes in light precipitation types bear a potential aerosol signal.
Capacity of herbivorous protists to control initiation and development of mass phytoplankton blooms

Microzooplankton, heterotrophic organisms 20 to 200 µm in size and mainly phagotrophic protists, are recognized as the dominant consumers of phytoplankton in all regions of the sea. During his long career, Fereidoun Rassoulzadegan has been a major contributor to the under- standing of the importance of protists in marine pelagic food webs. In the spirit of his research, we consider here one aspect of microzooplankton ecology that, in our opinion, has been misunderstood: the capacity of protist herbivores to control initiation and development of mass phytoplankton blooms, with a focus on diatom blooms. We argue that microzooplankton grazers probably cannot prevent bloom initiation and out-growth during mesotrophic to eutrophic conditions. We base our contention on the propositions that (1) mass diatom blooms do, in fact, routinely occur in the ocean at all latitudes; (2) since prey abundance is a main factor controlling protist growth, the grazing impact of herbivorous protists will be minor in the early stages of a bloom when prey abundances and, therefore, protist growth rates, are low; (3) due to food limitation during pre-bloom conditions, protist biomass will usually be low at the onset of a bloom, which serves to limit initial grazing impact; and (4) biomass of herbivorous protists is ultimately top-down controlled, thus curtailing the potential for microzooplankton to grow to sufficient abundance to graze down a developed bloom. We con- clude that herbivorous protists are not likely to be able to prevent the initiation and development of mass blooms when conditions are favorable for rapid phytoplankton growth.
Steplike spin-orbit coupling induced decays of Majorana or Andreev oscillations

Zhan Cao, 2, 3 Hao Zhang, 5 Hai-Feng Lü, Wan-Xiu He, Dapeng Yu, 2 Hai-Zhou Lu, 2, ∗ and X. C. Xie 9 Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Shenzhen 518055, China School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China Center for Interdisciplinary Studies, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
Domestic Reconciliation Policies and the Usages of Europe

In recent years, European institutions have promoted the development of reconciliation policies in an overall context where most European countries are saying ‘farewell to maternalism’ (Orloff 2006) and are now implementing policies aimed at helping individuals (especially women) to combine paid work and family responsibilities. Is it possible to consider that these changes in national reconciliation policies have been due to EU actions in this policy field and, if so, what are the mechanisms of possible EU influence? In section one, we review the Europeanisation literature in order to situate our own perspective. In the second section, we present our approach in terms of ‘national usages of Europe’. In section three, we come back to the policy content to be analysed, presenting the EU definitions of reconciliation policies, and reviewing the tools we have used to situate each national case of care regimes and reconciliation policies. In the fourth section, we introduce our common hypotheses and the analytical framework that is used in all the articles of this special issue. Finally, in section five, we summarise our main findings.
Prime+Count: Novel Cross-world Covert Channels on ARM TrustZone

The security of ARM TrustZone relies on the idea of splitting system-on-chip hardware and software into two worlds, namely normal world and secure world. In this paper, we report cross-world covert channels, which exploit the world-shared cache in the TrustZone architecture. We design a Prime+Count technique that only cares about how many cache sets or lines have been occupied. The coarser-grained approach significantly reduces the noise introduced by the pseudo-random replacement policy and world switching. Using our Prime+Count technique, we build covert channels in single-core and cross-core scenarios in the TrustZone architecture. Our results demonstrate that Prime+Count is an effective technique for enabling cross-world covert channels on ARM TrustZone.
Environmental influences on fish assemblage distribution of an estuarine coastal lagoon, Ria de Aveiro (Portugal)

Fish assemblage was examined for patterns in spatial and seasonal structure within an estuarine coastal lagoon, Ria de Aveiro. Two years of variation in abiotic conditions were recorded to identify factors responsible for maintaining the structure of fish assemblages. Nine sites were sampled monthly with a traditional “chincha” beach-seine net between November 1998 and October 2000. Fish abundance and biomass changed significantly between sites. Temperature was found to be the most important abiotic factor affecting the abundance (number of fish) distribution of fish assemblage, which is more related to seasonal migrations than to spatial migrations. Salinity was the most important abiotic factor affecting the fish biomass, with temperature also having a major influence. The other abiotic parameters analysed also showed some influence on the distribution of fish, although, isolated from the other controlled and/or uncontrolled factors, they could not fully explain all the differences between assemblages. Feeding analysis indicates that fish assemblage is mostly dependent on small benthic and pelagic crustaceans and/or detritus, although they can feed opportunistically on other prey. The low spatial segregation of fish in relation to feeding preference indicates that, in a food-rich lagoon such as Ria de Aveiro, the environmental-biological interactions appear to have a greater effect on fish distribution than do biological interactions.
Radioecology: nuclear energy and the environment

Radioecology is the field of study in which elements of physical and biological sciences are combined to pursue knowledge of radioactivity in the environment, including movement of radioactive materials and the effects of ionizing radiation on populations and on ecological organization. Volume I contains chapters on ecological principles, radiological principles, environmental radioactivity and radionuclide behavior in ecosystems. Chapter Four on environmental radioactivity characterizes sources, types, and amounts of material and man-made radioactive materials and radiation in the environment. Concepts of radionuclide behavior in ecosystems and behavior (movements and concentrations) of several important element groups in selected ecosystems are surveyed. A chapter on methods used for quantitative predictions of radionuclide transport in the environment gives a reasonably complete treatment to environmental transport processes, radionuclide kinetics in ecosystem compartments, and the use of transport models. Two chapters summarize the known effects of ionizing radiation on species, populations, and higher levels of ecological organization. This information is put into perspective in terms of risk and other consequences. Both volumes are well referenced. Appendices contain listings of major proceedings and books, reviews of specific radionuclides in the environment, and physical data used to characterize radionuclides. The authors succeed in presenting an excellent survey ofmore » a broad field of study, and these volumes should serve as a standard reference work on radioecology for a long while. « less
Satellite galaxy number density profiles in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

We study the spatial distribution of satellite galaxies around isolated primaries using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) spectroscopic and photometric galaxy catalogues. We select isolated primaries from the spectroscopic sample and search for potential satellites in the much deeper photometric sample. For specific luminosity primaries we obtain robust statistical results by stacking as many as ∼50 000 galaxy systems. We find no evidence for any anistropy in the satellite galaxy distribution relative to the major axes of the primaries. We derive accurate projected number density profiles of satellites down to 4 mag fainter than their primaries. We find that the normalized satellite profiles generally have a universal form and can be well fitted by projected NFW profiles. The NFW concentration parameter increases with decreasing satellite luminosity while being independent of the luminosity of the primary except for very bright primaries. The profiles of the faintest satellites show deviations from the NFW form with an excess at small galactocentric projected distances. In addition, we quantify how the radial distribution of satellites depends on the colour of the satellites and on the colour and concentration of their primaries.
Direct measurement of Bacon-Shor code stabilizers

A Bacon-Shor code is a subsystem quantum error-correcting code on an $L \times L$ lattice where the $2(L-1)$ weight-$2L$ stabilizers are usually inferred from the measurements of $(L-1)^2$ weight-2 gauge operators. Here we show that the stabilizers can be measured directly and fault tolerantly with bare ancillary qubits by constructing circuits that follow the pattern of gauge operators. We then examine the implications of this method for small quantum error-correcting codes by comparing distance 3 versions of the rotated surface code and the Bacon-Shor code with the standard depolarizing model and in the context of a trapped ion quantum computer. We find that for a simple circuit of prepare, error correct and measure the Bacon-Shor code outperforms the surface code by requiring fewer qubits, taking less time, and having a lower error rate.
Amplifier and resonator dynamics of a low-Reynolds-number recirculation bubble in a global framework

The stability behaviour of a low-Reynolds-number recirculation flow developing in a curved channel is investigated using a global formulation of hydrodynamic stability theory. Both the resonator and amplifier dynamics are investigated. The resonator dynamics, which results from the ability of the flow to self-sustain perturbations, is studied through a modal stability analysis. In agreement with the literature, the flow becomes globally unstable via a three-dimensional stationary mode. The amplifier dynamics, which is characterized by the ability of the flow to exhibit large transient amplifications of initial perturbations, is studied by looking for the two- and three-dimensional initial perturbations that maximize the energy gain over a given time horizon. The optimal initial two-dimensional perturbations have the form of wave packets localized in the upstream part of the recirculation bubble. It is shown that they are first amplified while travelling downstream along the shear layer of the recirculation bubble and then decay when leaving the recirculation bubble. Maximal energy gain is thus achieved for a time horizon approximately corresponding to the propagation of the wave packet along the whole recirculation bubble. The resonator and amplifier dynamics are associated with different types of structures in the flow: three-dimensional steady structures for the resonator dynamics and nearly two-dimensional unsteady structures for the amplifier dynamics. A comparison of the strength of the two dynamics is proposed. The transient energetic growth of the two-dimensional unsteady perturbations is large at moderate time, compared to the very weak exponential growth of the three-dimensional stationary mode. This suggests that, as soon as there is noise in the system, the amplifier dynamics dominates the resonator dynamics, thus explaining the appearance of unsteadiness rather than the emergence of stationary structures in similar experimental flows.
Effects of material composition on the superlens frequency of photonic crystals

We use the plane-wave (PW) method to calculate the superlens frequency of photonic crystals with various material compositions. At this frequency, photonic crystal behaves like a medium with isotropic negative index equal to −1. The relationship between the frequency and material compositions is derived from the calculated data. For the TE and TM modes, the relationship has the same format. From the relationship, a case has been chosen and, under these conditions, the wave-propagating field through the photonic crystal has been calculated by the finite-difference time-domain method. A good agreement is obtained between the results from the PW method and the finite-difference time-domain calculation. This is very useful for fabricating photonic crystal superlens material at an appropriate frequency.
Mechanisms of allergic diseases

INFORMATION FOR CATEGORY 1 CME CREDIT Credit can now be obtained, free for a limited time, by reading the review articles in this issue. Please note the following instructions. Method of Physician Participation in Learning Process: The core material for these activities can be read in this issue of the Journal or online at the JACI Web site: www.jacionline. org. The accompanying tests may only be submitted online at www.jacionline. org. Fax or other copies will not be accepted. Date of Original Release: September 2011. Credit may be obtained for these courses until August 31, 2013. Copyright Statement: Copyright 2011-2013. All rights reserved. Overall Purpose/Goal: To provide excellent reviews on key aspects of allergic disease to those who research, treat, or manage allergic disease. Target Audience: Physicians and researchers within the field of allergic disease. Accreditation/Provider Statements and Credit Designation: The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI) is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education for physicians. The AAAAI designates these educational activities for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit . Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. List of Design Committee Members: Saleh Al-Muhsen, MD, Jill R. Johnson, PhD, and Qutayba Hamid, MD, PhD Activity Objectives
Forecasting Bank Deposits Rate: Application of ARIMA and Artificial Neural Networks

In this study application of ARIMA and Artificial Neural Networks for Forecasting Bank Deposits Rate is investigated. As it's observed nowadays, banking industry is faced with great competition. The number of banks and use of new tools especially electronic banking and development of Islamic banking have maximized this competition and turned intelligent management of banks into a critical issue. Foundation of banks is based on attracting deposits; hence, forecasting the deposits has a great importance for banks. This study seeks to forecast the bank deposits. To do this, we have used the ARIMA methods with emphasis on the Box-Jenkins method as well as the Artificial Neural Network. The monthly data of different branches was used in this study for an eight-year period. This study examined the hypothesis that neural networks are more accurate than ARIMA models in forecasting the bank deposits. Research results indicate that although both models have a high capacity to forecast the variables, generally the neural network models present better results and it is better to use this method for forecasting. The neural network method has a relative advantage as R 2 is 16% in ARIMA Method and 99% in Neural network Method. Also RMSE is 170985 and 176960 for ARIMA Method and Neural network Method respectively.
Advances in dairy cattle breeding

One of the conditions for sustainable dairy cattle breeding is the long term availability of breeding stock which meets sustainable breeding goals. Sustainable breeding goals pay proper attention to all traits relevant from an economic, societal and environmental point of view. In practice this implies broadening of formal breeding goals by including both yield traits and functional traits. It is discussed how long term genetic change can be achieved maintaining genetic variation on an acceptable level. It is shown that in Holstein Friesian, which is the currently predominant dairy cattle population, the effective population size is too low, which deserves attention from a long term perspective. It is argued that embryo cloning for commercial use of crossbreds may enhance sustainable genetic improvement. Also the opportunities offered by incorporating molecular genetic information are discussed.