Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In silico guided structural and functional analysis of genes with potential involvement in resistance to coffee leaf rust: A functional marker based approach

Physiology-based differentiation of SH genes and Hemileia vastatrix races is the principal method employed for the characterization of coffee leaf rust resistance. Based on the gene-for-gene theory, nine major rust resistance genes (SH1-9) have been proposed. However, these genes have not been characterized at the molecular level. Consequently, the lack of molecular data regarding rust resistance genes or candidates is a major bottleneck in coffee breeding. To address this issue, we screened a BAC library with resistance gene analogs (RGAs), identified RGAs, characterized and explored for any SH related candidate genes. Herein, we report the identification and characterization of a gene (gene 11), which shares conserved sequences with other SH genes and displays a characteristic polymorphic allele conferring different resistance phenotypes. Furthermore, comparative analysis of the two RGAs belonging to CC-NBS-LRR revealed more intense diversifying selection in tomato and grape genomes than in coffee. For the first time, the present study has unveiled novel insights into the molecular nature of the SH genes, thereby opening new avenues for coffee rust resistance molecular breeding. The characterized candidate RGA is of particular importance for further biological function analysis in coffee.
A Person-Centred Approach to Counselling, Psychotherapy and Rehabilitation of People Diagnosed with Dementia in the Early Stages

This article considers a person-orientated approach to counselling, psychotherapy and rehabilitation for people with a diagnosis of dementia. It draws on the concepts developed by Tom Kitwood (1995) for describing the factors –neuropathology, health, personality, biography, social psychology – that affect the manifestation of dementia, but places more emphasis on personality and biography for the person in the early stages. The social context – or psychology – is the home in these early stages, and the family system is critical. It provides a supportive or negative environment in which the person expresses an experience of cognitive decline. The behaviours seen in dementia are regarded as adaptive responses to the experience of cognitive decline, rather than directly the result of brain pathology. Given this view of the syndrome of dementia being a reactive response to cognitive decline, and to stresses such as giving up driving, the types of interventions that might be offered are discussed. These are grief counselling, non-directive counselling, long-term supportive psychodynamic psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioural therapy and rehabilitation. The human brain has developed over a lifetime of experience, in a variety of psychosocial environments, and so exhibits its own unique coping mechanisms in the face of internal devastation. It is this aspect of dementia – its individual uniqueness and its reflection of a person’s past and present psychosocial context – that this article uses as the basis for suggesting effective treatment strategies.
The first juvenile dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from Arctic Alaska

Compared to the osteological record of herbivorous dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous Prince Creek Formation of northern Alaska, there are relatively fewer remains of theropods. The theropod record from this unit is mostly comprised of isolated teeth, and the only non-dental remains known can be attributed to the troodontid cf. Troodon and the tyrannosaurid Nanuqsaurus. Thus far, the presence of members of Dromaeosauridae has been limited to isolated teeth. Here we describe a symphyseal portion of a small dentary with two ziphodont teeth. Based on tooth shape, denticle morphology, and the position of the Meckelian groove, we attribute this partial dentary to a saurornitholestine dromaeosaurid. The fibrous bone surface, small size, and higher number of mesial denticles compared to distal ones point to a juvenile growth stage for this individual. Multivariate comparison of theropod teeth morphospace by means of principal component analysis reveals an overlap between this dentary and Saurornitholestinae dromaeosaurid morphospace, a result supported by phylogenetic analyses. This is the first confirmed non-dental fossil specimen from a member of Dromaeosauridae in the Arctic, expanding on the role of Beringia as a dispersal route for this clade between Asia and North America. Furthermore, the juvenile nature of this individual adds to a growing body of data that suggests Cretaceous Arctic dinosaurs of Alaska did not undergo long-distance migration, but rather they were year-round residents of these paleopolar latitudes.
Triaxial Accelerometer-Based Falls and Activities of Daily Life Detection Using Machine Learning

The detection of activities of daily living (ADL) and the detection of falls is of utmost importance for addressing the issue of serious injuries and death as a consequence of elderly people falling. Wearable sensors can provide a viable solution for monitoring people in danger of falls with minimal external involvement from health or care home workers. In this work, we recorded accelerometer data from 35 healthy individuals performing various ADLs, as well as falls. Spatial and frequency domain features were extracted and used for the training of machine learning models with the aim of distinguishing between fall and no fall events, as well as between falls and other ADLs. Supervised classification experiments demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed approach, achieving an F1-score of 98.41% for distinguishing between fall and no fall events, and an F1-score of 88.11% for distinguishing between various ADLs, including falls. Furthermore, the created dataset, named “ShimFall&ADL” will be publicly released to facilitate further research on the field.
Exchanging Research — Research and the Real World of Management

What’s the proper role for research in the Organizational Behavior classroom? How much research should we teach, what kind, and how? How &dquo;theoretical&dquo; can we expect our students to be, since most yearn to become managers (RIGHT NOW! ) rather than academics or theoreticians? We face an apparent conflict between research and practice, science and application. The journals are many, the articles legion and much research on OB can be character-
Beyond IDH-Mutation: Emerging Molecular Diagnostic and Prognostic Features in Adult Diffuse Gliomas

Diffuse gliomas are among the most common adult central nervous system tumors with an annual incidence of more than 16,000 cases in the United States. Until very recently, the diagnosis of these tumors was based solely on morphologic features, however, with the publication of the WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System, revised 4th edition in 2016, certain molecular features are now included in the official diagnostic and grading system. One of the most significant of these changes has been the division of adult astrocytomas into IDH-wildtype and IDH-mutant categories in addition to histologic grade as part of the main-line diagnosis, although a great deal of heterogeneity in the clinical outcome still remains to be explained within these categories. Since then, numerous groups have been working to identify additional biomarkers and prognostic factors in diffuse gliomas to help further stratify these tumors in hopes of producing a more complete grading system, as well as understanding the underlying biology that results in differing outcomes. The field of neuro-oncology is currently in the midst of a “molecular revolution” in which increasing emphasis is being placed on genetic and epigenetic features driving current diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive considerations. In this review, we focus on recent advances in adult diffuse glioma biomarkers and prognostic factors and summarize the state of the field.
Exploring the Social Media on the Communication Professionals in Public Health. Spanish Official Medical Colleges Case Study

The purpose of the study is to analyze the role that social media have on the practice of health professionals working in information and communication department of Spanish official medical college. Social media in health fields have experienced growing participation of users and are increasingly considered a credible form of communication. This paper examines the use of social media as communication tool by the Official Medical Colleges (OMC) of Spain. According to the National Institute of Statistics, in 2019 there were 267,995 registered medical professionals in the 52 OMC in Spain. This research is based on a qualitative methodological technique through semi-structured interviews, with the aim of identifying the profiles of the people who lead the information in the professional organizations of the OMC. Of the colleges, 73.07% participated. The findings show that information is essential for the OMC and most of them have at least one experienced communication professional. Social media are essential tool in their work and Twitter (87.5%) and Facebook (81.3%) are considered the most relevant social media according to their interests. These tools are believed to be very useful for informing, establishing relationships and listening to users.
mSphere of Influence: Communication Is Complicated—Just Ask a Bacterial Cell

Paola Mera works in the field of bacterial developmental biology. In this mSphere of Influence article, she reflects on how the paper “MipZ, a spatial regulator coordinating chromosome segregation with cell division in Caulobacter” by Martin Thanbichler and Lucy Shapiro (Cell 126:147–162, 2006, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.05.038) made an impact on her journey discovering the complexities involved in communicative processes that drive molecular mechanisms inside the bacterial cell. ABSTRACT Paola Mera works in the field of bacterial developmental biology. In this mSphere of Influence article, she reflects on how the paper “MipZ, a spatial regulator coordinating chromosome segregation with cell division in Caulobacter” by Martin Thanbichler and Lucy Shapiro (Cell 126:147–162, 2006, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.05.038) made an impact on her journey discovering the complexities involved in communicative processes that drive molecular mechanisms inside the bacterial cell.
Herbal Remedies as Potential in Cartilage Tissue Engineering: An Overview of New Therapeutic Approaches and Strategies

It is estimated that by 2023, approximately 20% of the population of Western Europe and North America will suffer from a degenerative joint disease commonly known as osteoarthritis (OA). During the development of OA, pro-inflammatory cytokines are one of the major causes that drive the production of inflammatory mediators and thus of matrix-degrading enzymes. OA is a challenging disease for doctors due to the limitation of the joint cartilage’s capacity to repair itself. Though new treatment approaches, in particular with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that integrate the tissue engineering (TE) of cartilage tissue, are promising, they are not only expensive but more often do not lead to the regeneration of joint cartilage. Therefore, there is an increasing need for novel, safe, and more effective alternatives to promote cartilage joint regeneration and TE. Indeed, naturally occurring phytochemical compounds (herbal remedies) have a great anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anabolic potential, and they have received much attention for the development of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, including the prevention of age-related OA and cartilage TE. This paper summarizes recent research on herbal remedies and their chondroinductive and chondroprotective effects on cartilage and progenitor cells, and it also emphasizes the possibilities that exist in this research area, especially with regard to the nutritional support of cartilage regeneration and TE, which may not benefit from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
Progressive CT findings and positive RT-PCR again of recovered and discharged patients with COVID-19

J Thorac Dis 2020;12(6):3439-3441 | http://dx.doi. org/10.21037/jtd-20-1417 As of April 27, 2020, 2,878,196 (85,530 new) COVID-19 patients were confirmed across the world (1), within which 77,555 (82,836 confirmed) recovered in China. Previous studies focused on clinical and radiological features of patients with confirmed infection (2,3), or recovered patients with no symptoms and no changes of follow-up chest computed tomography (CT) findings (4). To our knowledge, both the progressive CT findings and fever again of recovered and discharged patients has not been reported. One representative hospitalized patient with COVID-19 treated at Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China, from January 20, 2020, to February 8, 2020 was discharged and isolated at home, because he met the discharge criteria in China: (I) normal temperature for more than 3 days; (II) resolved respiratory symptoms; (III) substantially improved acute exudative lesions on CT images; and (IV) 2 consecutively negative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results separated by at least 24 hours (5). However, on February 13, 2020, the patient was admitted to the isolation ward and received supplemental oxygen through nasal cannula once again, owing to symptoms of fever and shortness of breath, and progressive CT findings. RT-PCR test was performed via nasopharyngeal swabs, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) nucleic acid was positive on February 14, 2020. The RT-PCR test performed in Tongji Hospital was reasonably reliable, due to the RT-PCR detection reagent used in the clinical laboratory proved by China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) with 100% positive and negative reference coincidence rate. Laboratory studies, clinical data, and radiological features were collected from electronic medical records. The local ethical review board approved this study and waived the requirement to obtain individual informed consent. A 40-year-old patient (male) living in Wuhan, was admitted to a fever clinic on January 20, 2020, with symptoms of fever for 2 days. Chest CT revealed multiple ground-glass opacities (GGOs) distributed in the peripheral and peribronchovascular area of bilateral lungs (Figure 1A). The major axis of maximal opacity was 2.8 cm in right lower lobe. Respiratory tract virus antigen and antibody tests, including cytomegalovirus, influenza virus A and B, human parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus, showed all negative results on January 22, 2020, and SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid was positive one day later. A 4-day follow-up CT showed multiple GGOs enlarged significantly with multifocal consolidation, interlobular septal thickening, vessel thickening and air bronchogram, which involved all pulmonary segments (Figure 1B). The major axis of maximal lesion was 7.5 cm in right lower lobe. On January 27, 2020, the 2nd follow-up CT illustrated multiple GGOs further enlarged (the major axis of maximal lesion was 10.1 cm in right lower lobe), but consolidation Letter to the Editor
Condom use in young women using long-acting reversible contraception (LARC): a qualitative study

Abstract Young women in Australia disproportionately experience unintended pregnancy and sexually transmissible infections (STIs). As the promotion of highly effective pregnancy prevention methods such as long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) increases, concurrent use of condoms with LARC remains optimal for pregnancy and STI prevention. There is little data exploring condom use behaviour in young Australian women using LARC. In this qualitative study we interviewed twenty women using LARC about their experiences of making decisions regarding condom use. We used inductive thematic analysis to identify factors influencing participant decision-making. We found that while LARC had an impact on condom use and sexual practices, decisions regarding condom use were influenced by multiple factors including mood, menstrual changes related to LARC, and relationship dynamics. Participants’ views of ‘safe sex’ extended beyond pregnancy and STI protection, to include desired outcomes such as pleasure, consent and communication. Access to STI testing and treatment was key to how participants managed STI risk. Findings highlight the need for a more comprehensive approach to safer sex health promotion, and the importance of ensuring STI testing and treatment services continue to be available and accessible to all young people.
Do corticosterone levels predict female depressive‐like behavior in rodents?

Dysregulation of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is often linked to the neurobiology of depression, though the presence and type of this dysregulation is not a consistent finding. Meanwhile, significant sex differences exist regarding depression and the HPA axis. Animal models of depression simulate certain aspects of the human disease and aim to advance our knowledge regarding its neurobiology and discover new antidepressant treatments. Most animal models of depression induce a depressive‐like phenotype taking advantage of stressful experimental conditions, that also increase corticosterone, the main stress hormone in rodents. In this review we present inconsistent results in male and female rodents regarding the interaction between the depressive‐like behavioral phenotype and corticosterone. In commonly used models, the female depressive‐like phenotype in rodents seems significantly less dependent on the stress hormone corticosterone, whereas the male behavioral response is more evident and associates with variations of corticosterone. Further research and clarification of this sex‐dependent interaction will have significant ramifications on the improvement of the validity of animal models of depression.
Intervenous immunoglobulins as modulators of immune response : effect on T cell polarisation, pathogenicity and trafficking

Dysregulated activation of T cells leads to pathogenic immune response to self-antigens. Despite an increasing use of high dose therapy of intravenous gammaglobulin (IVIg) in the treatment of T-cell and autoantibody-mediated inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, comprehension of the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic benefit has remained a major challenge. Particularly, the effect of IVIg in T cell mediated autoimmune conditions remains unexplored. I have investigated the effect of high dose IVIg on T cell polarization using actively induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a T cell-mediated autoimmune condition. IVIg inhibits the differentiation of naive CD4 T cells into effector subsets (Th1 and Th17 cells) and concomitantly induces an expansion of Foxp3+ regulatory cells. IVIg decreases the tissue damaging potential of pathogenic T cells by down regulating GM-CSF and podoplanin. Additionally, IVIg circumvents the neuronal damage by inhibiting the infiltration of CD4 T lymphocytes to the central nervous system by restraining their egress from the DLN through S1P-S1P1-mTOR pathway. Intriguingly and contrary to the current arguments, the inhibitory FcγRIIB and sialylation of IgG are dispensable for IVIg-mediated reciprocal modulation of effector and regulatory CD4 subsets. Altogether, therapeutic benefit of IVIg in EAE involves shifting the balance from Th17/Th1 towards Treg, down-regulating encephalitogenic mediators and inhibition of T cell trafficking to the target organ.
The effect of thinning on bat activity in Italian high forests: the LIFE+ " ManFor C.BD. " experience

Bats represent a major component of forest biodiversity. In forest, bats find many roosting and foraging opportunities. When foraging in forest, different bat species exploit a range of microhabitats according to their echolocation and flight style. When roosting, bats require sufficient numbers of suitable tree cavities. Overall, forest structure may influence both foraging and roosting behaviour, and in turn the number of bat species present and their population size. The exploitation of forests for commercial purposes may be a threat to biodiversity when logging leads to habitat loss, alteration or fragmentation. While some bat species may benefit from an increase in the amount of edge habitat determined by logging, others, more specialized to exploit forest interiors, may be potentially harmed. In this study we set out to assess the effect on foraging bats of different management approaches, comparing locally applied traditional approaches with innovative multifunctional management options and delayed logging. Within the framework of the LIFE+ ManFor C.BD. Project we surveyed the effects of thinning at four Italian forest sites, each representing a separate case study. We found that in logged plots bat activity either showed no difference from unlogged plots or resulted in an increase in foraging activity, suggesting that thinning, at least in the forest types we dealt with, has no adverse consequences on bat foraging. However, in our case the effects varied greatly across sites and were detected mostly when all bat species were pooled together for analysis. We conclude that forest exploitation may be sustainable and even favour foraging bats, but since our work neither covered direct mortality linked with forestry operations nor roost loss, further studies are needed to analyze these important aspects. We also highlight that total bat activity revealed by acoustic surveys carried out with automatic recorders may be used as an appropriate indicator of forestry effects on bats. Download the complete issue.