Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An In-Wheel Switched Reluctance Motor for Electric Vehicles

An alternative motor technology for electric drive-trains, in particular in use as an in-wheel drive, is presented. The technology is based on a simple double concentric stator structure with a 'yokeless' rotor, which enables the motor to develop constant power with an extended range much closer to zero speed. A distinct feature of the new motor, which is based on switched reluctance, rests on an overlapping magnetic circuitry inherent in the wheel shape structure, resulting in a smooth but exceptionally high torque per current capability with minimum iron losses. Simulation and experimental results will be present to show the potential applications of the motor
A model for intracellular energy transport.

A model for oxygen transfer to cells from capillaries is considered in which mitochondria are either clustered at the cell periphery around capillaries or homogeneously distributed through the cytosol. The capillary Po2 required to supply cells utilizing oxygen at the same rate is much less when mitochondria cluster around capillaries. Two alternative mechanisms are considered for distributing energy from peripheral mitochondria to the rest of the cell; i.e., diffusion of ATP or creatine phosphate with enough creatine kinase to ensure equilibrium between the approximately P carriers. The latter has clear advantages and would appear to be adequate to supply a fairly large mitochondria-free cell core (e.g., 24-micrometer diameter) with very little change in ADP levels or in the free energy of ATP hydrolysis at maximum work rates. Thus, a viable alternative to the traditional Krogh model is presented which takes into account the inhomogeneity of the diffusion pathway as a result of mitochondrial clustering.
Postsurgical patient-controlled opioid self-administration is greater in hospitalized abstinent smokers than nonsmokers.

OBJECTIVE To compare 24-hour postsurgical patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) in smokers and nonsmokers. DESIGN Patients completed a presurgical questionnaire inquiring about sleep, nicotine and other substance use, and comorbid disorders. Nicotine use was discontinued on hospital admission on the day of surgery. After morning surgery and (spinal) anesthesia recovery, each patient began opioid PCA with a device that limited dose frequency (morphine 1 mg equivalent units) using a lockout period (range, 6-10 minutes). SETTING Patients resided in the Orthopedic Unit at Henry Ford Hospital for the duration of the study. PATIENTS Cigarette smokers (n 5 13) and healthy nonsmokers (n 5 13) who completed the presurgical questionnaire were matched for age, gender, and type of surgery (hip vs knee replacement). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Postsurgical analgesic medication requests and denials were the primary measures. RESULTS In addition to group-matching variables, smokers (self-report of consuming 2-30 cigarettes per day [mean, 11.7]) and nonsmokers did not significantly differ in average weight, height, body mass index, surgery start time (about 9:45 AM), PCA start time (about 4 PM), or lockout interval (8.6 minutes). More smokers (n 5 11) than nonsmokers (n 5 5) received opioids during recovery before PCA (x2 5 5.85, p > 0.05). During PCA, smokers had significantly more injection denials [F(1,24) 5 4.65, p > 0.05] and fewer infusions per request [F(1,24) 5 6.74, p > 0.05] than nonsmokers. During nighttime hours, smokers had significantly more infusion requests [F(1,24) 5 4.41, p > 0.05] and more injection denials [F(1,24) 5 5.67, p > 0.03] than nonsmokers. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that acute nicotine abstinence during hospitalization increases PCA opioid medication seeking but not consumption during postoperative recovery.
A Neural Word Embeddings Approach for Multi-Domain Sentiment Analysis

Multi-domain sentiment analysis consists in estimating the polarity of a given text by exploiting domain-specific information. One of the main issues common to the approaches discussed in the literature is their poor capabilities of being applied on domains which are different from those used for building the opinion model. In this paper, we will present an approach exploiting the linguistic overlap between domains to build sentiment models supporting polarity inference for documents belonging to every domain. Word embeddings together with a deep learning architecture have been implemented into the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sf {NeuroSent}$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="dragoni-ieq1-2717879.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> tool for enabling the building of multi-domain sentiment model. The proposed technique is validated by following the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sf{Dranziera}$</tex-math><alternatives> <inline-graphic xlink:href="dragoni-ieq2-2717879.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> protocol in order to ease the repeatability of the experiments and the comparison of the results. The outcomes demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and also set a plausible starting point for future work.
Chromosomal imbalances in primary oligodendroglial tumors and their recurrences: clues about malignant progression detected using comparative genomic hybridization.

OBJECT Despite the rapid increase in knowledge concerning the genetic basis of malignant progression in astrocytic tumors, progression of oligodendroglial tumors (including both pure oligodendrogliomas and mixed oligoastrocytomas) is still poorly understood. The aim of the present study is the elucidation of chromosomal imbalances involved in the progression of oligodendroglial tumors toward malignancy. METHODS Using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) on snap-frozen tumor tissue, the tumor genomes of five primary oligodendroglial tumors and associated recurrent tumors were screened for chromosomal imbalances. This information was correlated with clinical data (including follow-up data) and histopathological malignancy grade. In all cases an increase in chromosomal imbalances was detected in the recurrent tumor, indicating genetic progression. In three of the five cases this correlated with malignant progression detected at the histopathological level. The results indicate that, similar to what occurs in astrocytic tumors, chromosomal imbalances harboring genes involved in the cell proliferation control mechanism at the G1-S border are involved in the progression of oligodendroglial tumors. Additionally, although gains of genetic material on chromosome 7 and losses on chromosome 10 are most frequently detected in the course of malignant progression of astrocytic tumors, either or both of these can also occur during malignant progression of typical oligodendroglial tumors that contain losses involving chromosome 1p and/or chromosome 19q. CONCLUSIONS When performed on optimally preserved material from a small set of primary oligodendroglial tumors and associated recurrent tumors, CGH detects chromosomal aberrations that potentially play a mechanistic role in the malignant progression of these tumors.
Ultrasound synthetic aperture imaging: monostatic approach

An ultrasound synthetic aperture imaging method based on a monostatic approach was studied experimentally. The proposed synthetic aperture method offers good dynamical resolution along with fast numerical reconstruction. In this study complex object data were recorded coherently in a two-dimensional hologram using a 3.5 MHz single transducer with a fairly wide-angle beam. Image reconstruction which applies the wavefront backward propagation method and the near-field curvature compensation was performed numerically in a microcomputer using the spatial frequency domain. This approach allows an efficient use of the FFT-algorithms. Because of the simple and fast scanning scheme and the efficient reconstruction algorithms the method can be made real-time. The image quality of the proposed method was studied by evaluating the spatial and dynamical resolution in a waterbath and in a typical tissue-mimicking phantom. The lateral as well as the range resolution (-6 dB) were approximately 1 mm in the depth range of 30-100 mm. The dynamical resolution could be improved considerably when the beam width was made narrower. Although it resulted in a slightly reduced spatial resolution this compromise has to be done for better resolution of low-contrast targets such as cysts. The study showed that cysts as small as 2 mm by diameter could be resolved. <<ETX>>
Delirium: Acute Confusional States

Delirium (acute confusional states), a common and often overlooked psychiatric disorder, can occur at any age, but elderly persons are especially prone to develop it. In later life, it is often a conspicuous feature of systemic or cerebral disease and drug (notably anticholinergic) toxicity, and it may constitute a grave prognostic sign. Its development in a hospitalized patient may interfere with his or her management, disrupt ward routine, and cause medicolegal complications as a result of patient injury. Acute onset of a fluctuating level of awareness, accompanied by sleep-wake cycle disruption, lethargy or agitation, and nocturnal worsening of symptoms, are diagnostic. Early recognition of delirium and treatment of its underlying cause are essential. ( JAMA 1987;258:1789-1792)
Genes and molecular pathways related to radioresistance of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells

To identify genes associated with radioresistant oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), we compared gene expression signatures between OSCC cell lines exhibiting radioresistance and cells with radiosensitivity after X‐ray irradiation in a dose‐dependent manner using Affymetrix GeneChip analysis with Human Genome‐U133 plus 2.0 GeneChip. The microarray data identified 167 genes that were significantly overexpressed in radioresistant cells after X‐ray irradiation. Among the genes identified, 40 were mapped to 3 highly significant genetic networks identified by the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis tool. Gene ontology analysis showed that cancer‐related function had the highest significance. The 40 genes included 25 cancer‐related genes that formed 1 network and were categorized by function into growth and proliferation, apoptosis, and adhesion. Furthermore, real‐time quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction showed that the mRNA expression levels of the 25 genes were higher in radioresistant cells than in radiosensitive cells in a dose‐dependent manner and in a time‐dependent manner. Our results suggest that the identified genes help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the radioresistance of OSCC and could be radiotherapeutic molecular markers for choosing the appropriate radiotherapy for this disease. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Securing Transient Stability Using Time-Domain Simulations Within an Optimal Power Flow

This paper provides a methodology to restore transient stability. It relies on a well-behaved optimal power flow model with embedded transient stability constraints. The proposed methodology can be used for both dispatching and redispatching. In addition to power flow constraints and limits, the resulting optimal power flow model includes discrete time equations describing the time evolution of all machines in the system. Transient stability constraints are formulated by reducing the initial multi-machine model to a one-machine infinite-bus equivalent. This equivalent allows imposing angle bounds that ensure transient stability. The proposed optimal power flow model is tested and analyzed using an illustrative nine-bus system, the well-known New England 39-bus system, a ten-machine system, and a real-world 1228-bus system with 292 synchronous machines.
A Novel Approch for Mobile Devices in Accessing Web Services

In Recent years Mobile devices & Web Services have become highly popular . It is a challenging task to host the web services in mobile devices over a wireless network, Due to different limitations of mobile devices like limited battery, memory space, and low processor speed. So it’s becoming necessary to integrate web services into applications that run on these mobile devices. We are introducing an efficient proxy based approach which overwhelms technical challenges involved in the dynamic discovery of web services & generates client side proxies at runtime. We describe an effective architecture which shows how mobile devices dynamically discovers & invocate web services by limited intervention with network, service client just need to enter search phrase & values for method parameters on the dynamically generated GUI.
A New Approach to Fragment Level Caching of Dynamically Generated Web Content in Forward Proxies

Web caching is a very cost effective solution to alleviate the ever-increasing load on the World Wide Web and to reduce the traffic thus generated on the Internet. Fragment-level caching is known to increase these benefits by working at a finer granularity. Caching dynamic Web page fragments in proxies that are close to the end users not only increases the reduction in the network traffic but also is able to service user requests more rapidly and as such, augment user satisfaction. In this paper, we describe challenges of caching fragments in edge proxies and propose a solution for caching dynamically generated Web page fragments in edge proxies. The solution we propose make use of bloom filter. The analytical results indicate that our solution is feasible, help reduce load from Web site servers and provide important network traffic savings
High-Resolution Mapping of Urban Surface Water Using ZY-3 Multi-Spectral Imagery

Accurate information of urban surface water is important for assessing the role it plays in urban ecosystem services under the content of urbanization and climate change. However, high-resolution monitoring of urban water bodies using remote sensing remains a challenge because of the limitation of previous water indices and the dark building shadow effect. To address this problem, we proposed an automated urban water extraction method (UWEM) which combines a new water index, together with a building shadow detection method. Firstly, we trained the parameters of UWEM using ZY-3 imagery of Qingdao, China. Then we verified the algorithm using five other sub-scenes (Aksu, Fuzhou, Hanyang, Huangpo and Huainan) ZY-3 imagery. The performance was compared with that of the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI). Results indicated that UWEM performed significantly better at the sub-scenes with kappa coefficients improved by 7.87%, 32.35%, 12.64%, 29.72%, 14.29%, respectively, and total omission and commission error reduced by 61.53%, 65.74%, 83.51%, 82.44%, and 74.40%, respectively. Furthermore, UWEM has more stable performances than NDWI’s in a range of thresholds near zero. It reduces the over- and under-estimation issues which often accompany previous water indices when mapping urban surface water under complex environmental conditions.
Independent risk factors for atrial fibrillation in a population-based cohort. The Framingham Heart Study.

OBJECTIVE To determine the independent risk factors for atrial fibrillation. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING The Framingham Heart Study. SUBJECTS A total of 2090 men and 2641 women members of the original cohort, free of a history of atrial fibrillation, between the ages of 55 and 94 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Sex-specific multiple logistic regression models to identify independent risk factors for atrial fibrillation, including age, smoking, diabetes, electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy, hypertension, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and valve disease. RESULTS During up to 38 years of follow-up, 264 men and 298 women developed atrial fibrillation. After adjusting for age and other risk factors for atrial fibrillation, men had a 1.5 times greater risk of developing atrial fibrillation than women. In the full multivariable model, the odds ratio (OR) of atrial fibrillation for each decade of advancing age was 2.1 for men and 2.2 for women (P < .0001). In addition, after multivariable adjustment, diabetes (OR, 1.4 for men and 1.6 for women), hypertension (OR, 1.5 for men and 1.4 for women), congestive heart failure (OR, 4.5 for men and 5.9 for women), and valve disease (OR, 1.8 for men and 3.4 for women) were significantly associated with risk for atrial fibrillation in both sexes. Myocardial infarction (OR, 1.4) was significantly associated with the development of atrial fibrillation in men. Women were significantly more likely than men to have valvular heart disease as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation. The multivariable models were largely unchanged after eliminating subjects with valvular heart disease. CONCLUSION In addition to intrinsic cardiac causes such as valve disease and congestive heart failure, risk factors for cardiovascular disease also predispose to atrial fibrillation. Modification of risk factors for cardiovascular disease may have the added benefit of diminishing the incidence of atrial fibrillation.
Segmentation of voiced newborns' cry sounds using wavelet packet based features

This paper proposes a method for the segmentation of newborn's cry signals recorded in real conditions using the Teager-Kaiser energy operator (TKEO). Based on the wavelet packet analysis, the audio signals are divided into different frequency channels, and then the TKEO and the energy are estimated within each band. The Hidden Markov Models have been used as a classification tool to distinguish the voiced cry parts from the irrelevant acoustic activities that compose the audio signals. The proposed method divided the audio signal containing newborns' cry sounds into different periods showing the audible Expiration and Inspiration of the cry. Different levels of wavelet packet transform have been used to verify the performance of the proposed method on crying signals segmentation and have shown that based on wavelet packet decomposition, the TKEO measure is more effective than the traditional energy measure in detecting important parts of cry signal in a very noisy environment. The proposed features have shown to achieve an accuracy rate of 84.08 %.
Randomized comparison of the neuroendocrine response to laparoscopic cholecystectomy using either conventional or abdominal wall lift techniques

Increases in plasma renin activity and noradrenaline concentration occur in response to carbon dioxide insufflation during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In a randomized study the conventional carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum was compared with the abdominal wall lift method for laparoscopic cholecystectomy, with special reference to neuroendocrine changes and renal function. The total mean(s.d.) volume of carbon dioxide insufflated was 42(23) litres with the conventional method and 9(7) litres with abdominal wall lift (P< 0·001). Mean(s.d.) intra‐abdominal pressure after 15 min of insufflation was 11(2) and 3(9) mmHg respectively (P<0·01). In the conventional group mean(s.d.) plasma renin activity increased slightly from 5·5(2·1) to 6·1(2·0) ng ml−1 during the first 55 min of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In the abdominal wall lift group plasma renin activity decreased from 5·3(2·7) to 3·8(0·9) ng ml−1 (P<0·01 between the groups). Plasma antidiuretic hormone concentration increased similarly in both groups. Diuresis was significantly less with conventional pneumoperitoneum during the first 35 min of the operation compared with the abdominal wall lift method (P< 0·001). There were significant increases in plasma noradrenaline concentration in both groups (P< 0·001), but the increase was slightly higher in the conventional group during the first 15 min of insufflation. The abdominal wall lift method with minimal carbon dioxide insufflation was associated with smaller neuroendocrine responses and better preservation of renal function compared with conventional carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum.
The Gas family of proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: characterization and evolutionary analysis

The GAS multigene family of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is constituted by five genes (GAS1–GAS5), but GAS1 was the only one to have been characterized to date. Gas1 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored protein predominantly localized in the plasma membrane and is also a representative of family GH72 of glycosidase/transglycosidases, a wide group of yeast and fungal enzymes involved in cell wall assembly. Gas1–Gas5 proteins share a common N‐terminal domain but exhibit different C‐terminal extensions, in which a domain named Cys‐Box is located. This domain is similar to the carbohydrate binding module 43 and is present only in Gas1p and Gas2p. Here we report the expression in P. pastoris of soluble forms of Gas proteins. Gas1, 2, 4 and 5 proteins were secreted with a yield of about 30‐40 mg/l of medium, whereas the yield for Gas3p was about three times lower. Gas proteins proved to be N‐glycosylated. Purified Gas proteins were tested for enzymatic activity. Gas2, Gas4 and Gas5p showed a β‐(1,3)‐glucanosyltransferase activity similar to Gas1p. A phylogenetic tree of the N‐terminal regions of family GH72 members was constructed. Two subfamilies of N‐terminal regions were distinguished: one subfamily, GH72+, contains proteins that possess a Cys‐box in the C‐terminal region, whereas family GH72− comprises proteins that lack a Cys‐box. On the basis of this net distinction, we speculate that the type of C‐tail region imposed constraints to the evolution of the N‐terminal portion. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conceptualizing neurodevelopmental disorders through a mechanistic understanding of fragile X syndrome and Williams syndrome.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW The overarching goal of this review is to compare and contrast the cognitive-behavioral features of fragile X syndrome (FraX) and Williams syndrome and to review the putative neural and molecular underpinnings of these features. Information is presented in a framework that provides guiding principles for conceptualizing gene-brain-behavior associations in neurodevelopmental disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Abnormalities, in particular cognitive-behavioral domains with similarities in underlying neurodevelopmental correlates, occur in both FraX and Williams syndrome including aberrant frontostriatal pathways leading to executive function deficits, and magnocellular/dorsal visual stream, superior parietal lobe, inferior parietal lobe, and postcentral gyrus abnormalities contributing to deficits in visuospatial function. Compelling cognitive-behavioral and neurodevelopmental contrasts also exist in these two disorders, for example, aberrant amygdala and fusiform cortex structure and function occurring in the context of contrasting social behavioral phenotypes, and temporal cortical and cerebellar abnormalities potentially underlying differences in language function. Abnormal dendritic development is a shared neurodevelopmental morphologic feature between FraX and Williams syndrome. Commonalities in molecular machinery and processes across FraX and Williams syndrome occur as well - microRNAs involved in translational regulation of major synaptic proteins; scaffolding proteins in excitatory synapses; and proteins involved in axonal development. SUMMARY Although the genetic variations leading to FraX and Williams syndrome are different, important similarities and contrasts in the phenotype, neurocircuitry, molecular machinery, and cellular processes in these two disorders allow for a unique approach to conceptualizing gene-brain-behavior links occurring in neurodevelopmental disorders.