Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SUPRATENTORIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS

Received, November 15, 2002. Accepted, July 23, 2003. OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the efficacy of emergency craniotomy for patients with massive hematoma secondary to endovascular embolization of supratentorial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and to investigate relevant factors affecting outcome. METHODS: Within the past 15 years, 605 patients with intracranial AVMs have undergone 1066 endovascular embolizations at our institution. Of these, 24 patients experienced intracranial hemorrhage during or after the procedure. Fourteen patients were demonstrated to have massive intraparenchymal hematomas and deteriorated to a comatose state (Glasgow Come Scale score 6). Twelve patients underwent craniotomy within 170 minutes of being diagnosed with intraparenchymal hemorrhage. The surgical procedures performed were hematoma evacuation with total (6 patients) or partial (2 patients) resection of the AVM or hematoma evacuation only (4 patients). The clinical records of these 12 patients were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Nine patients recovered to a favorable condition (good recovery, four patients; moderately disabled, five patients), one patient remained in a persistent vegetative state, and two patients died. The interval between hemorrhage and emergency craniotomy was significantly shorter in patients with favorable outcomes than in those with poor clinical outcomes. Advanced age and a larger volume of intraoperative blood loss were the factors relevant to poor outcome. Temporal lobe location of the AVM and incomplete embolization tended to correlate to poor clinical outcome, but this correlation was not statistically significant. The sizes of the AVM and the hematoma did not correlate to patient outcome. There was no difference in outcomes with regard to the surgical procedure performed. CONCLUSION: In patients with massive postembolization hematomas, emergency craniotomy should be performed as soon as possible to achieve a favorable outcome. Cooperation among interventional neuroradiologists, intensive care physicians, and neurosurgeons is essential to manage AVM patients with critical postembolization hemorrhage. There is no need to persist in performing simultaneous total resection of the AVM at the emergency craniotomy.
Adaptation of the “in‐gel release method” to N‐glycome analysis of low‐milligram amounts of material

Protein N‐glycosylation is a post‐translational modification which plays numerous crucial physiological roles. The N‐glycan pattern varies depending on the species organs, tissues and even cell types and their respective physiological states. Obtaining enough starting material from a particular cell type or tissue for N‐glycan purification by conventional methods can, in certain cases, be very difficult. Previously, a sensitive technique, the “in‐gel release method” that allows the determination of N‐glycans attached to a protein isolated by SDS‐PAGE, has been developed in this and other laboratories. Here, we describe the adaptation of this method to obtain information on the N‐glycome from minute amounts of tissue. The starting material, ranging from less than a milligram to a few milligrams of fresh tissue, is directly ground in Laemmli sample buffer and subject briefly to discontinuous Tris–glycine–SDS‐PAGE. The Coomassie‐stained band containing the majority of the proteins is subject to the “in‐gel release method”. The developed technique was used to analyze N‐glycan patterns of different samples from Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, Spodoptera frugiperda, Trichoplusia ni, Nicotiana benthamiana, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Mus musculus. Furthermore, the technique was used to determine the effects of transient small‐scale RNAi‐mediated knock‐down of a glycosylation‐related gene in Drosophila Schneider 2 cell line.
Observational study of two oxygen saturation targets for discharge in bronchiolitis

Objectives To assess the potential effect of two guideline discharge oxygen saturation (SpO2) recommendations (≥90% and ≥94%) in recovering bronchiolitis. Methods and patients Infants aged up to 18 months requiring therapeutic oxygen for SpO2 (≤93%) had SpO2 assessed in air every 2 h. Time from admission to re-establish feeding (>75% normal) and for SpO2 to become stable for at least 4 h at ≥90% and ≥94% were noted. Results 68 infants, median age 14 weeks, were included. Feeding problems resolved at a median of 11 h (inter-quartile range, IQR 0–47). SpO2 became stable for at least 4 h at 17 h (IQR 0–49) for ≥90% and 63 h (IQR 34–105) for ≥94%. Time for infants to achieve a stable SpO2≥90% and resolve feeding difficulties was a median of 22 h (IQR 7–39 h) sooner than the equivalent for stable SpO2≥94%. Conclusions Accepting lower SpO2 at discharge could significantly reduce length of stay, but require the clinical and safety effects to be studied.
Evaluation of a New DNA Test for Detection of Carcinogenic Human Papillomavirus

ABSTRACT Using archived specimens, we evaluated a new automated real-time PCR assay (BD Diagnostics) that detects all carcinogenic human papillomaviruses (HPV) and provides HPV genotyping for seven of them, including HPV16 and HPV18, the two most carcinogenic HPV genotypes. We found comparable results with Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) for detection of carcinogenic HPV (n = 473) and with Linear Array and Line Blot Assay (n = 371) for detection of individual HPV genotypes.
Activity of fluoroquinolone antibiotics against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro

The fluoroquinolone antibiotics are structurally related to nalidixic acid. Their primary antibacterial action appears to be mainly due to inhibition of DNA gyrase (DNA topoisomerase II). We determined the activity of several fluoroquinolones in vitro against two strains of Plasmodium falciparum, FCC1 (chloroquine susceptible) and VNS (chloroquine resistant). [3H]hypoxanthine incorporation by malarial parasites was determined at 48 and 96 h. The molarity at which each agent caused a 50% decrease in the incorporation of [3H]hypoxanthine compared with that of drug-free controls was defined as the 50% inhibitory concentration. The fluoroquinolones evaluated were amifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and pefloxacin. Other DNA gyrase inhibitors tested were nalidixic acid, oxolinic acid, novobiocin, and coumermycin A1. Among the fluoroquinolones, ciprofloxacin had the lowest 50% inhibitory concentrations at 48 h against both chloroquine-susceptible and -resistant strains of P. falciparum, (0.26 +/- 0.08) x 10(-4) and (0.38 +/- 0.15) x 10(-4) M, respectively (mean +/- standard deviation). Enoxacin had the lowest 50% inhibitory concentrations against FCC1 and VNS at 96 h, 0.23 x 10(-5) and (0.06 +/- 0.04) x 10(-5) M, respectively. With the VNS strain, fractional inhibitory concentration indexes for the combination of ciprofloxacin and tetracycline were calculated at 48 and 96 h to be 0.93 and 0.79, respectively, indicating modest additive effects. The combination of novobiocin with ciprofloxacin showed indifference in the same system. The antimalarial effects of some fluoroquinolones occur at achievable serum concentrations. Whether inhibition of DNA gyrase contributes to the antimalarial activity of the fluoroquinolones is unknown at present.
EFFECTS OF DIET ON FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF PLASMA AND RED CELL PHOSPHOGLYCERIDES IN THREE‐MONTH‐OLD INFANTS

Concentrations of the main lipid classes in plasma and the blood phosphoglyceride fatty acid patterns were measured in 3‐month‐old infants, fed breast‐milk or an industrial manufactured formula. The levels of cholesterol and phosphoglycerides were in the normal range for young adults, but the triglyceride concentration was twice as high as in adults. There were no significant differences in the levels of the plasma lipids between the two groups, but the mean of the triglycerides was 25 % higher in the formula‐fed group.
Transplant Glomerulopathy, Late Antibody‐Mediated Rejection and the ABCD Tetrad in Kidney Allograft Biopsies for Cause

To define the relative frequency of phenotypes of transplant glomerulopathy, we retrospectively reviewed the findings in 1036 biopsies for clinical indications from 1320 renal transplant patients followed in our clinics between 1997 and 2005. Transplant glomerulopathy, defined by double contours of glomerular basement membranes (D), was diagnosed in 53 biopsies (5.1%) from 41 patients (3.1%) at a median of 5.5 years post‐transplant (range 3.8–381 months). In cases with D, we studied the frequency of circulating anti‐HLA alloantibody (A), peritubular capillary basement membrane multilayering (B) and peritubular capillary C4d deposition (C). B was present in 48 (91%) of D biopsies. C4d staining by indirect immunofluorescence was detected in 18 of 50 D biopsies studied (36%). By Flow PRA® Screening or ELISA, A was detected in 33 (70%) in 47 D cases with available sera, of which 28/33 or 85% were donor‐specific. Class II (13/33) or class I and II (17/33) were more common than class I (3/33) antibodies. Thus 73% of transplant glomerulopathy has evidence of alloantibody‐mediated injury (A and/or C), with ABCD and ABD being the common phenotypes in biopsies for cause. The remaining 27%, mostly BD, may be a different disease or a stage in which A and C are undetectable.
Experimental studies on the development of the pronephric duct in anuran embryos.

The development of the pronephric duct has long been a matter of dispute. Field (1891) believed that in amphibians the nephric rudiment giving rise to the pronephric duct is formed in situ by a contribution from each segment. Brauer (1902), on the other hand, described an independent caudal growth of the nephric rudiment in Gymnophionia. Ofthese two conceptions, the first has been accepted by the majority of authors. Recently, O'Connor (1938, 1939) has studied experimentally the mode of the caudal extension of the pronephric duct in Amblystoma tigrinum and Triton taeniatus. He found that when the caudal limit of the nephric rudiment is stained with Nile blue sulphate the dye can be traced in the pronephric duct cells from the stained area to the cloaca. Furthermore, if the caudal growth of the nephric rudiment is prevented by a piece of tissue grafted in the path of its extension, no pronephric duct is formed caudal to the transplant. He concluded, therefore, that the pronephric duct in these species is formed not in a segmental manner, but by its own independent caudal growth. The present experiments were performed on anuran embryos. The results tend to confirm those obtained in Urodeles by O'Connor. The main part of the experiments, however, concerns the factors responsible for the determination of caudal extension of the nephric rudiment. It seems that there is a close functional and topographical relationship between the pronephric duct and the path along which the rudiment normally grows.
Using a "Naturalistic" Mechanism to Capture Cognition and Dynamic Behaviors in Task Network Models: An Overview

Over the past several years, we have developed and tested a computational implementation of recognition-primed decision making (RPD) within Micro Saint Sharp task network models. The goal of this work was to augment task network models to improve their cognitive fidelity and flexibility. Our RPD mechanism uses multiple trace memory with a simple reinforcement-based learning to pick up on the statistics of a model environment. Here we present a collection of models and validation results that include classic categorization and probabilistic category learning tasks, dynamic adversarial and control tasks, and a larger-scaled militarily-relevant task. The range of tasks we have modeled demonstrates the flexibility of our approach and what can be accomplished with simple mechanisms.
ABA-mediated Epigenetic Processes in Plant Development and Stress Responses

ABA-mediated Epigenetic Processes in Plant Development and Stress Responses Viswanathan Chinnusamy, Zhizhong Gong* and Jian-Kang Zhu Water Technology Centre, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100139, China Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA * For correspondence: gongzz@cau.edu. cn
Decomposability, decidability and axiomatisability for bisimulation equivalence on basic parallel processes

The authors prove the decidability of two subclasses of recursive processes involving a parallel composition operator with respect to bisimulation equivalence, namely, the so-called normed and live processes. To accomplish this, the authors first prove a unique decomposition result for (a generalization of) normed processes, in order to deduce a necessary cancellation law. The decidability proof leads to a complete axiomatization for these process classes. <<ETX>>
The NRAMP proteins of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli are selective manganese transporters involved in the response to reactive oxygen

NRAMPs (natural resistance‐associated macrophage proteins) have been characterized in mammals as divalent transition metal transporters involved in iron metabolism and host resistance to certain pathogens. The mechanism of pathogen resistance is proposed to involve sequestration of Fe2+ and Mn2+, cofactors of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic catalases and superoxide dismutases, not only to protect the macrophage against its own generation of reactive oxygen species, but to deny the cations to the pathogen for synthesis of its protective enzymes. NRAMP homologues are also present in bacteria. We report the cloning and characterization of the single NRAMP genes in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica ssp. typhimurium, and the cloning of two distinct NRAMP genes from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and an internal fragment of an NRAMP gene in Burkholderia cepacia. The genes are designated mntH because the two enterobacterial NRAMPs encode H+‐stimulated, highly selective manganese(II) transport systems, accounting for all Mn2+ uptake in each species under the conditions tested. For S. typhimurium MntH, the Km for 54Mn2+ (≈ 0.1 µM) was pH independent, but maximal uptake increased as pH decreased. Monovalent cations, osmotic strength, Mg2+ and Ca2+ did not inhibit 54Mn2+ uptake. Ni2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ inhibited uptake with Kis greater than 100 µM, Co2+ with a Ki of 20 µM and Fe2+ with a Ki that decreased from 100 µM at pH 7.6 to 10 µM at pH 5.5. Fe3+ and Pb2+ inhibited weakly, exhibiting Kis of 50 µM, while Cd2+ was a potent inhibitor with a Ki of about 1 µM. E. coli MntH had a similar inhibition profile, except that Kis were three‐ to 10‐fold higher. Both S. typhimurium and E. coli MntH also transport 55Fe2+ however, the Kms are equivalent to the Kis for Fe2+ inhibition of Mn2+ uptake, and are thus too high to be physiologically relevant. In both S. typhimurium and E. coli, mntH::lacZ constructs were strongly induced by hydrogen peroxide, weakly induced by EDTA and unresponsive to paraquat, consistent with the presence of Fur and OxyR binding sites in the promoters. Strains overexpressing mntH were more susceptible to growth inhibition by Mn2+ and Cd2+ than wild type, and strains lacking a functional mntH gene were more susceptible to killing by hydrogen peroxide. In S. typhimurium strain SL1344, mntH mutants showed no defect in invasion of or survival in cultured HeLa or RAW264.7 macrophage cells; however, expression of mntH::lacZ was induced severalfold by 3 h after invasion of the macrophages. S. typhimurium mntH mutants showed only a slight attenuation of virulence in BALB/c mice. Thus, the NRAMP Mn2+ transporter MntH and Mn2+ play a role in bacterial response to reactive oxygen species and possibly have a role in pathogenesis.
Embedded diagnosis and repairing of SoC memory

A method of optimal memory fault repair that differs from analogs by application of algebra-logical technology of fault covering by two-dimensional memory matrix topology is proposed. It enables to obtain minimal and full solutions for subsequent repair in real time, which is based on utilization of spares in the form of memory rows and columns.
Hepatocellular carcinoma treated with percutaneous radio-frequency ablation: evaluation with follow-up multiphase helical CT.

PURPOSE To determine serial changes in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) treated with percutaneous radio-frequency (RF) ablation at long-term follow-up multiphase helical computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS There were 43 nodular HCCs in 40 patients at follow-up CT performed not less than 12 months after RF ablation. All patients underwent follow-up multiphase helical CT immediately, 1 month, and then every 3 months after percutaneous RF ablation. The serial changes in attenuation, enhancement pattern, shape, other findings, and volume of the ablated lesions were analyzed at follow-up CT. RESULTS Thirty-eight (88%) of 43 ablated lesions were of low attenuation, with absence of contrast material enhancement at immediate and 1-month follow-up CT, which is suggestive of successful treatment. The remaining five lesions (12%) showed peripheral nodular enhancement, suggesting residual viable tumor. Compared with volume changes at immediate follow-up CT, the mean percentages of volume change at 1, 4, 10, 16, and 19 months were 79%, 50%, 27%, 11%, and 6%, respectively. Of 43 ablated lesions, 24 (56%) were mostly round at immediate CT and remained unchanged at subsequent follow-up CT. Peripheral rim enhancement was seen in 34 (79%) of 43 lesions at immediate CT but resolved in all 34 lesions at 1-month follow-up CT. Other associated findings included iatrogenic arteriovenous shunt in 10 patients, perihepatic hemorrhage in three, and pneumothorax in one. CONCLUSION Follow-up multiphase helical CT of HCCs treated with percutaneous RF ablation showed variable findings in the treated lesions and surrounding liver parenchyma.
The sequencing batch reactor as an excellent configuration to treat 1 wastewater from the petrochemical industry 2 3 Short title : The SBR as an excellent configuration to treat wastewater from 4 the petrochemical industry 5 6

Reference: Caluwé Michel, Daens Dominique, Blust Ronny, Geuens Luc, Dries Jan.The sequencing batch reactor as an excellent configuration to treat wastewater from the petrochemical industry Water science and technology ISSN 0273-1223 75:4(2017), p. 793-801 Full text (Publisher's DOI): http://dx.doi. org/doi:10.2166/WST.2016. 562 To cite this reference: http://hdl.handle. net/10067/1385860151162165141
Pumpkin Seed Oil and Phytosterol-F Can Block Testosterone/Prazosin-Induced Prostate Growth in Rats

Introduction: This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of pumpkin seed oil alone or combined with Phytosterol-F on testosterone/prazosin-induced (T-P) prostate growth in rats. Materials and Methods: Forty adult Wistar rats were divided into five groups, including: one control group, rats treated with vehicle only, one group treated with T-P, and two groups of T-P-treated rats, one receiving orally pumpkin seed oil alone and one group receiving orally pumpkin seed oil combined with Phytosterol-F. Two weeks later, the prostatic weight-to-body weight ratio was determined after sacrifice. The total protein concentration was measured by using a protein assay. Some ventral prostatic tissues were histologically examined after hematoxylin-eosin staining. Results: Histological sections of the ventral prostate showed that the architecture of the prostate glands became hyperplastic in the T-P rats, but not in the control or vehicle-treated animals. As compared with the control or vehicle group, T-P rats had a significantly higher prostatic weight-to-body weight ratio for the ventral prostate (p = 0.05 and p = 0.007, respectively), but not for the dorsolateral prostate (p = 0.53 and p = 0.73, respectively). The T-P rats had significantly higher protein levels within both lobes (ventral lobe, p = 0.02 and p < 0.0001, respectively; dorsolateral lobe, p = 0.06 and p = 0.005, respectively). As compared with the T-P-alone rats, the TP rats treated with pumpkin seed oil alone or pumpkin seed oil combined with Phytosterol-F had a significantly lower weight ratio for the ventral prostate (p = 0.01 and p = 0.004, respectively) and significantly lower protein levels within both lobes (p = 0.03 and p = 0.003, respectively; p = 0.007 and p = 0.002, respectively). In addition, Phytosterol-F had some additive effect on the total protein synthesis within the ventral prostate (p = 0.02). Conclusion: Pumpkin seed oil alone or combined with Phytosterol-F can block the T-P-induced increases in prostatic weight-to-body weight ratio and protein synthesis.
Constructing Routing Tree Centralized Scheduling using Multi-Channel System in 802.16

The IEEE 802.16 standard defines WiMax (worldwide interoperability for microwave access) mesh network, using the base station (BS) as a coordinator for centralized scheduling. This paper proposes a centralized scheduling algorithm by constructing routing tree in WiMax mesh network, which introduces the cross-layer concept between the media access controller (MAC) and the network layers. The interference, hop-count, spatial reuse and quality of services (QoS) guarantee are considered. In our scheme, each node has one transceiver and can be tuned between multiple channels, intending to eliminate the secondary interference. The result of analysis shows this algorithm greatly improves the length of scheduling, channel utilization ratio (CUR) and average transmission scheduling.
The Neuro-Protective Effect of the Methanolic Extract of Perilla frutescens var. japonica and Rosmarinic Acid against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress in C6 Glial Cells

Neurodegenerative diseases are often associated with oxidative damage in neuronal cells. This study was conducted to investigate the neuro-protective effect of methanolic (MeOH) extract of Perilla frutescens var. japonica and its one of the major compounds, rosmarinic acid, under oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in C6 glial cells. Exposure of C6 glial cells to H2O2 enhanced oxidative damage as measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance assays. The MeOH extract and rosmarinic acid prevented oxidative stress by increasing cell viability and inhibiting cellular lipid peroxidation. In addition, the MeOH extract and rosmarinic acid reduced H2O2-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) at the transcriptional level. Moreover, iNOS and COX-2 protein expression was down-regulated in H2O2-indcued C6 glial cells treated with the MeOH extract and rosmarinic acid. These findings suggest that P. frutescens var. japonica and rosmarinic acid could prevent the progression of neurodegenerative diseases through attenuation of neuronal oxidative stress.
Energetics of nanoscale graphitic tubules.

Abstract : Using both empirical potentials and first-principles total energy methods, we have examined the energetics and elastic properties of all possible graphitic tubules with radii less than 0.9 nm. We find that the strain energy per carbon relative to an unstrained graphite sheet goes as the inverse square of the tubule radius, R, and is insensitive to other aspects of the lattice structure, indicating that relationships derivable from continuum elastic theory persist well into the small radius limit. we also predict that this Strain energy is much smaller than that in highly-symmetric fullerene clusters With similar radii, suggesting a possible thermodynamic preference for tubular structures rather than cage structures. The empirical potentials further predict that the elastic constants along the tubule axis generally soften with decreasing tubule radius, although with a distinct dependence on helical conformation.