Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Signaling role of sucrose metabolism in development.

In most higher plants, sucrose is the primary organic carbon that is translocated through phloem from photosynthetic leaves (source) into non-photosynthetic tissues (sink) such as seed, fruit, and root. After phloem unloading in sinks, sucrose needs to be degraded into hexoses for diverse use by either invertase (Inv) that hydrolyses sucrose into glucose and fructose or sucrose synthase (Sus) that degrades sucrose into UDPglucose and fructose. By generating hexoses and their derivates, Inv- or Sus-mediated sucrose metabolism and related transport process provide (1) energy source to power cellular processes; (2) starting molecules convertible to numerous metabolites and building blocks for synthesizing essential polymers including starch, cellulose, callose, and proteins; and (3) amechanismto reduce sucroseconcentrationat theunloading sites to facilitate its source-to-sink translocation, thereby preventing feedback inhibition on photosynthesis and sustaining carbon flow at the whole-plant level. In parallel to these vital functions in plant physiology and biochemistry as detailed in a recent special issue of Molecular Plant on assimilate partitioning (e.g. Nunes-Nesi et al., 2010; Ruan et al., 2010), an increasing body of evidence has emerged in recent years that Inv and Sus could play important signaling roles in development, which opens up exciting new avenues for fundamental research and potential applications. This essay attempts to highlight some key aspects of this topic and outline future directions.
An inhibitory epitope of human Toll‐like receptor 4 resides on leucine‐rich repeat 13 and is recognized by a monoclonal antibody

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced activation of Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) elicits the innate immune response and can trigger septic shock if excessive. Two antibodies (HT4 and HT52) inhibit LPS‐induced human TLR4 activation via novel LPS binding‐independent mechanisms. The HT52 epitope resides on leucine‐rich repeat 2 (LRR2) and is a feature of many inhibitory antibodies; antigen specificity of HT4 does not reside in LRR2. Here, we identified an HT4 epitope on LRR13 located close to the TLR4 dimerization interface that plays a role in NFκB activation. HT4 and HT52 mutually enhanced TLR4 inhibition. LRR13 is a novel inhibitory epitope and may be useful for developing anti‐TLR4 antibodies. Combination therapy with LRR2 and LRR13 may effectively inhibit TLR4 activation.
Phytochromes and phytohormones: the shrinking degree of separation.

Any two people on Earth may be connected by a chain of ‘a friend of a friend’ in six steps or less, dubbed as the ‘six degrees of separation’. In the world of plant systems, the degree of separation between the signaling ‘pathways’ of photoreceptor phytochromes and growth regulator phytohormones is smaller than previously expected, according to the recent studies. Plants control their growth by simultaneously sensing and responding to both the external environmental signals and the internal developmental signals. Taking the well-studied light inhibition of hypocotyl elongation of young seedlings as an example, this response is controlled by both the red/far-red light receptor phytochromes and phytohormones, including auxin, cytokinins (CK), gibberellins (GA), brassinosteriods (BR), ethylene, and Abscisic acid (ABA). How phytochromes and phytohormones interact to control growth has been a subject of plant physiology studies for decades (Neff et al., 2006), and it appears to be a favored subject for the systems biology studies nowadays. Results of various genetic studies suggest that light affects the cellular levels of at least some phytohormones and the signal transduction of presumably all phytohormones to modulate growth responses. Conversely, the cellular levels
Model framework for integrating multiple exposure pathways to chemicals in household cleaning products

We present a screening-level exposure-assessment method which integrates exposure from all plausible exposure pathways as a result of indoor residential use of cleaning products. The exposure pathways we considered are (i) exposure to a user during product use via inhalation and dermal, (ii) exposure to chemical residues left on clothing, (iii) exposure to all occupants from the portion released indoors during use via inhalation and dermal, and (iv) exposure to the general population due to down-the-drain disposal via inhalation and ingestion. We use consumer product volatilization models to account for the chemical fractions volatilized to air (fvolatilized ) and disposed down the drain (fdown-the-drain ) during product use. For each exposure pathway, we use a fate and exposure model to estimate intake rates (iR) in mg/kg/d. Overall, the contribution of the four exposure pathways to the total exposure varies by the type of cleaning activities and with chemical properties. By providing a more comprehensive exposure model and by capturing additional exposures from often-overlooked exposure pathways, our method allows us to compare the relative contribution of various exposure routes and could improve high-throughput exposure assessment for chemicals in cleaning products.
Orofacial pain : guidelines for assessment, diagnosis, and management

Introduction to orofacial pain assessment of orofacial pain disorders diagnostic classification of orofacial pain disorders differential diagnosis and management considerations of vascular and nonvascular intracranial disorders differential diagnosis and management considerations of primary headache (neurovascular and tension-type headache) differential diagnosis and management considerations of neuralgias, nerve trunk pain and deafferentation pain differential diagnosis and management considerations of intraoral pain disorders differential diagnosis and management considerations of temporomandibular disorders differential diagosis and management considerations of associated structures that can produce orofacial pain differential diagnosis and management considerations of mental disorders - axis II.
The increased risk for specific psychiatric disorders among persons of low socioeconomic status.

An improved combination electromagnetic suspension, dampening, lateral stability and axial separation system for a surface supported transportation vehicle having a sprung load carrying portion and an unsprung surface contacting portion with a controllable air gap therebetween. The apparatus of the system comprises separate controllable transverse electromagnets having a concave profile cooperating with a convex superposed ferromagnetic member for suspension. Additionally, the ferromagnetic member has separate controllable electromagnets cooperating with the suspension magnets for lateral stability. Additional separately controllable electromagnets and cooperating ferromagnetic members are provided to prevent axial instability between the sprung and unsprung vehicle portions during acceleration and deceleration. The control circuits provide non-linear feedback so as to substantially maintain a preselected gap distance between the various electromagnets and their associated ferromagnetic member.
EFEKTIVITAS KITOSAN DENGAN DERAJAT DEASETILASI DAN KONSENTRASI BERBEDA DALAM MENGHAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI GRAM NEGATIF (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) DAN GRAM POSITIF (Staphylococcus aureus) RONGGA MULUT

Kitosan adalah derivat deasetil dari biopolisakarida kitin yang merupakan bioplimer kedua yang melimpah di alam setelah selulosa, dan dapat ditemukan pada eksoskeleton krustasea dan serangga. Kitosan bersifat biokompabilitas, biodegradabilitas, dan tidak beracun, dan memiliki aktivitas antimikroba yang banyak diaplikasikan diberbagai bidang seperti industri makanan, industri tekstil, kosmetik, kedokteran dan kedokteran gigi. Pseudomonas aeruginosa merupakan bakteri gram negatif penyebab utama infeksi nosokomial dan sering ditemukan di saluran air pada dental unit. P. aeruginosa bersifat patogen dan resisten terhadap beberapa bahan antibakteri yang ada. Staphylococcus aureus merupakan bakteri gram positif, yang dapat menyebabkan infeksi fasial, periapikal atau periodontal abses dan denture sore mouth. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kemampuan kitosan dengan derajat deasetilasi (DD) dan konsentrasi berbeda dalam menghambat pertumbuhan P. aeruginosa dan S. aureus dalam rongga mulut. Pada penelitian ini digunakan metode difusi cakram, kitosan dengan derajat deasetilasi 89% dan 93% dimasukkan ke dalam paper disk dengan konsentrasi 0,25%, 0,5%, 0,75%, 1%, 1,25% selama 24 jam dalam suhu 37o C . Zona hambat yang terbentuk diukur dengan jangka sorong. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan kitosan dengan derajat deasetilasi dan konsentrasi berbeda memberikan zona hambat yang berbeda baik pada P. aeruginosa dan S. aureus. Zona hambat P. aeruginosa dan S. aureus terbesar terbentuk pada konsetrasi 1%, sedangkan kitosan dengan DD 93% memperlihatkan zona hambat lebih besar dibandingkan dengan kitosan DD 89%. Kata Kunci : Kitosan, Derajat Deasetilasi, Psedomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus
Application of the dual sequence method to estimate the baroreflex sensitivity in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy

This study aims to estimate the spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) with two different methods in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The new Dual Sequence Method (DSM) contains the analysis of spontaneous fluctuations of systolic blood pressure (SEP) and the corresponding beat-to-beat intervals (BBI) of heart rate (HR). Bradycardic as well as tachycardic fluctuations were considered for synchronized and a three beats shifted BBI-sequence. Whereas the established Z-coefficient method investigates the statistical dependence between SEP and HR values. The BRS and the number of fluctuations with a slope >5 msec/mmHg calculated by the DSM are significant lower (p<0.05) in DCM patients than in controls. Thus, the DSM leads in contrast to the Z-coefficient method to an improved precision in characterizing DCM patients.
L’adiponectine, une hormone adipocytaire impliquée dans l’homéostasie glucidique et les fonctions cardiovasculaires

La leptine et l’adiponectine sont deux proteines produites par les cellules adipeuses et secretees dans la circulation. S’il est clairement etabli que la leptine module la prise alimentaire en fonction du statut energetique, le role biologique de l’adiponectine n’est pas entierement elucide. Cependant, on sait qu’une adiponectinemie basse est un facteur contribuant a la pathogenie de la resistance a l’insuline, du diabete de type 2 et des maladies cardiovasculaires chez les patients obeses ou en surpoids. De fait, l’adiponectine exerce a la fois des effets anti-atherogeniques en ciblant les cellules endotheliales vasculaires et des effets insulino-sensibilisateurs principalement dans le muscle et le foie. La proteine circule sous forme de multimeres, dont une forme de haut poids moleculaire qui semble etre la plus importante en termes de consequences cliniques. Deux recepteurs putatifs, AdipoR1 et AdipoR2, relaient l’augmentation de l’oxydation des acides gras dans les muscles, la reduction de la production hepatique de glucose et l’amelioration des processus inflammatoires dans les cellules endotheliales par l’adiponectine, principalement via l’activation de l’AMP kinase. Des methodes permettant d’augmenter les effets biologiques de l’adiponectine sont activement recherchees. Pharmacologiquement, le traitement par les thiazolidinediones ou les antagonistes CB1 (rimonabant) augmente les niveaux circulants et l’expression du gene de l’adiponectine dans les cellules adipeuses. Alternativement, des agonistes des AdipoR pourraient s’averer benefiques dans les situations telles que l’obesite ou prevalent des niveaux bas d’adiponectine.
Spread in the magnitude of climate model interdecadal global temperature variability traced to disagreements over high‐latitude oceans

Unforced variability in global mean surface air temperature can obscure or exaggerate global warming on interdecadal time scales; thus, understanding both the magnitude and generating mechanisms of such variability is of critical importance for both attribution studies as well as decadal climate prediction. Coupled atmosphere‐ocean general circulation models (climate models) simulate a wide range of magnitudes of unforced interdecadal variability in global mean surface air temperature (UITglobal), hampering efforts to quantify the influence of UITglobal on contemporary global temperature trends. Recently, a preliminary consensus has emerged that unforced interdecadal variability in local surface temperatures (UITlocal) over the tropical Pacific Ocean is particularly influential on UITglobal. Therefore, a reasonable hypothesis might be that the large spread in the magnitude of UITglobal across climate models can be explained by the spread in the magnitude of simulated tropical Pacific UITlocal. Here we show that this hypothesis is mostly false. Instead, the spread in the magnitude of UITglobal is linked much more strongly to the spread in the magnitude of UITlocal over high‐latitude regions characterized by significant variability in oceanic convection, sea ice concentration, and energy flux at both the surface and the top of the atmosphere. Thus, efforts to constrain the climate model produced range of UITglobal magnitude would be best served by focusing on the simulation of air‐sea interaction at high latitudes.
Glutathione S‐Transferase π in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck

Objectives/Hypothesis Oxidative/reductive (redox) DNA damage from radical species such as nitric oxide (NO·) are increasingly being implicated in the development of cancer. Moreover, redox‐protective cellular mechanisms, such as glutathione S‐transferase, may determine cellular susceptibility to this redox‐mediated damage.
Clinical management of patients with minor head injuries.

BACKGROUND: Injuries are a focus of public health practice because they pose a serious health threat, occur frequently, and are preventable. Globally, thousands of people attend their local Emergency Department daily after suffering a head injury. Early diagnosis and appropriate management improves outcomes but is sometimes more difficult to achieve than might be imagined. Of all types of injury, those to the brain are among the most likely to result in death or permanent disability. Estimates of traumatic brain injury (TBI) incidence, severity, and cost reflect the enormous losses to individuals, their families, and society. The reduction in the number and severity of injuries offers a cost-effective manner in which to improve the health status of populations. METHODS: We prospectively studied 485 consecutive patients of traumatic brain injury out of which 280 with GCS of 13, 14, and 15 were subjected to routine early CT scan of head after 4 hours of reporting to Emergency Department. Patients with penetrating head injury were excluded. RESULTS: 15 % of patients had abnormal CT Scans and only 4% needed surgical intervention. Though a small number of patients harbour potentially lethal intracranial lesions yet, most of these cases are salvageable if diagnosed early and proper treatment. CONCLUSION: This study reveals that the current practice in the some countries of risk stratification of adult MHI based on skull radiography need to be replaced by slightly modified versions of the Canadian CT rule/NICE guidelines. This will result in a large reduction in skull radiography and will be associated with modest increases in CT and admissions rates. The authors also believe that early CT Scanning can detect intracranial lesions and will reduce unnecessary hospital admissions.
Patient-Centered Interviewing: An Evidence-Based Method

Written by an eminent authority on interviewing techniques and resident training, "Patient-Centered Interviewing: An Evidence-Based Method" provides practical, how-to guidance on every aspect of physician-patient communication. Readers will hone their skills in patient-centered interviewing techniques whose effectiveness is documented by published evidence. Chapters present techniques for defining the patient's symptoms, making the doctor-centered part of the interviewing process patient-friendly, and handling specific scenarios. Also included are effective strategies for summarizing data from the interview, presenting these findings to colleagues, and using patient education materials. The book's user-friendly design features icons, boxed case vignettes, and use of color to highlight key points.
Pharmaceutical Compounding and Dispensing

This is a modern, detailed and practical guide to the theory and practice of extemporaneous compounding and dispensing. Fully revised and updated, this new edition will be an indispensable reference for pharmacy students and practicing pharmacists. Pharmacists have been responsible for compounding medicines for centuries. Although most modern medicines are not compounded in a local pharmacy environment, there are still occasions when it is imperative that pharmacists have this knowledge. Pharmaceutical Compounding and Dispensing provides a comprehensive guide to producing extemporaneous formulations safely and effectively.
Effects of dance on upper extremity activities in underserved adults

Purpose: This secondary analysis examined the immediate and maintaining effects of a 12-week line-dancing intervention on upper and lower extremity activities in underserved adults who receive care from a nurse-managed clinic (NMC). Data sources: This one-group, repeated measures, feasibility study consisted of 40 participants recruited from an urban apartment complex that housed a NMC. Of the 40 participants, 21 participants completed the 12-week line-dancing intervention. Physical function of the upper and lower extremities was measured with the Late Life Function and Disability Instrument at baseline, 12, and 18 weeks to determine the maintaining effects. Conclusions: Age ranged from 45 to 87 years (M = 63; SD = 7.8), body mass index (BMI) was 33.4 (SD = 7.8), 92% were female, and 75% were African American. At baseline, participants showed limitations in all aspects of physical function. Significant improvements in upper and lower extremity activities were noted at 12 weeks and maintained at 18 weeks. Implications for practice: Although line-dancing mainly involves the lower body, there were significant improvements in upper extremity activities at 12 weeks, which were maintained at 18 weeks. The maintaining effects support line-dancing as an intervention to improve upper and lower extremity activities needed for independent living. NMCs are important settings for health promotion interventions in underserved adults.
Meeting the needs? Perceived support of a nurse‐led lifestyle programme for young adults with mental illness in a primary health‐care setting

Being a young adult with mental illness challenges all aspects of health, including an increased risk for developing lifestyle-related diseases. There is a lack of lifestyle programmes in primary health care that target physical, mental, and social needs for young adults with mental illness. The aim of the present study was to describe the experiences of young adults with mental illness receiving support from a nurse-led lifestyle programme, and how this support was related to their life context, including challenges and coping strategies. Two focus groups and six individual interviews were performed with 13 young adults (16-25 years), and analysed using a qualitative content analysis. The findings showed that the young adults experienced challenges in their daily lives, including psychiatric symptoms, lack of social understanding, and loneliness. The study indicated that the programme could support lifestyle habits with its components of supportive interpersonal relationships, awareness of coping strategies, understanding of health and illness, and cognitive support (e.g. schedules and reminders). However, the programme could not meet everyone's needs for new social relationships or more comprehensive support. Even so, this nurse-led programme provides health information-management strategies that could easily be integrated in a primary health-care setting.
Improvement in colon cancer screening through use of a multilevel intervention: A QI initiative

Background and purpose:Colon cancer is the second leading cause of cancer‐related deaths in the United States but is highly treatable when diagnosed early. The purpose of this quality improvement (QI) initiative was to develop, implement, and evaluate a multilevel intervention to raise colon cancer screening rates. Methods:A pre‐ and postintervention design was used with patients who were largely Caucasian and English speaking. Patients were mailed information about the importance of screening, and a phone line was created for patients to select a colonoscopy, fecal immunochemical test, or decline screening. Patients not responding via the phone line received an e‐mail or postcard about the importance of screening. Electronic flags were sent to providers on the day of the visit to remind staff to address screening. Uninsured patients received free screening. Conclusions:Across three clinics, colon cancer screening rates increased by 6.3%–6.9% through use of a multilevel intervention. Staff satisfaction was moderately high for ease of use, staff education, and perceived success of the QI initiative. Implications for practice:Patient education, decision support tools, outreach to patients by mail, phone, e‐mail, electronic flags, and free screening for uninsured patients collectively can increase colon cancer screening rates in an at‐risk population.
Nurse assessment of residents' pain in a long-term care facility.

BACKGROUND Chronic pain experienced by residents in long-term care is a common complaint that is often underdiagnosed and inadequately treated. This in part may be due to poor nursing practice in pain assessment. AIM To identify factors predicting nurses' performance of pain assessment among older long-term care residents. Furthermore, it will examine the relationship between ageist attitudes and practices and attitudes about pain assessment of older adults. METHODS A descriptive correlation survey was carried out among 104 nurses working in a long-term care facility. The survey measured nurses' pain assessment practices and attitude about pain assessment, and attitudes to older people. Linear regression was used to examine associations between the variables. FINDINGS Our results show that nurse assessment is directly and positively correlated with their general knowledge about pain obtained in pre-service nursing studies, but not with knowledge obtained during in-service training. Nurses with a positive, non-ageist attitude towards older adults are more likely to have higher levels of awareness of the need to perform pain assessment. KEY CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Concerning implementation, we suggest increasing pain assessment training as part of pre-service nursing education. The necessary training should focus on improving attitudes towards older adults, removing negative myths associated with them and increasing appreciation of the importance of pain assessment.