Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Wind Turbine Synchronous Reset Pitch Control

Reset controllers are commonly used to smooth the transient response of systems. We use this technique to improve a standard baseline pitch controller for offshore wind turbines (WTs). The introduction of this strategy enhances the overall performance of the WT. In particular, the fore-aft and side-to-side accelerations of the WT tower are significantly reduced, whilst a steadier power output is obtained, in comparison to the standard baseline pitch controller. Furthermore, our designed pitch control’s main advantage, with respect to the baseline, is its ease of implementation and reduced complexity as it does not require a gain-scheduling technique, nor pitch position measurement (thus, it is insensitive to pitch sensor faults). The proposed approach has been simulated on the NREL 5-MW prototype offshore turbine model, mounted on a jacket support. The simulations are carried out using the aero-hydro-servo-elastic simulator FAST, and key observations are thoroughly discussed.
Vector quantizers with direct sum codebooks

The use of direct sum codebooks to minimize the memory requirements of vector quantizers is investigated. Assuming arbitrary fixed partitions, necessary conditions for minimum distortion codebooks are derived, first for scalar codebooks, assuming mean-squared error distortion, and then for vector codebooks and a broader class of distortion measures. An iterative procedure is described for designing locally optimal direct sum codebooks. Both optimal and computationally efficient suboptimal encoding schemes are considered. It is shown that although an optimal encoding can be implemented by a sequential encoder, the complexity of implementing optimal stagewise partitions generally exceeds the complexity of an exhaustive search of the direct sum codebook. It is also shown that sequential nearest-neighbor encoders can be extremely inefficient. The M-search method is explored as one method of improving the effectiveness of suboptimal sequential encoders. Representative results for simulated direct sum quantizers are presented. >
Clinical and patient estimation of fetal weight vs. ultrasound estimation.

OBJECTIVE To compare clinical and patient estimation of fetal weight to ultrasound estimation. STUDY DESIGN Prospective study of clinical, patient and ultrasound estimation of fetal weight at term. RESULTS A total of 200 pregnant women participated. There was no statistically significant difference between clinical and sonographic estimates of fetal weight: of the estimates, 64.0% were within 10% of the actual birth weight vs. 62.5% (P > .2). There was no statistically significant difference between patient and sonographic estimates of fetal weight: of the estimates, 53.5% were within 10% of the actual birth weight vs. 62.5%, respectively (P < .1). Senior resident clinical and sonographic estimates of fetal weight were superior to junior resident estimates: 75.2% of clinical estimates were within 10% of the actual birth weight vs. 59.2% (P < .03), and 73.1% of sonographic estimates were within 10% of the actual birth weight vs. 58.3% (P < .05). Nulliparous and multiparous patients were equally accurate in estimating fetal weight: 48.1% of estimates were within 10% of birth weight vs. 57.4% (P > .2). CONCLUSION Sonographic estimation of fetal weight offers no advantage over clinical or patient estimation of fetal weight at term. Senior resident clinical and sonographic estimates are superior to junior resident estimates. Parity has no effect on patient accuracy in estimating fetal weight.
Differences in Drug Therapy between Dementia Disorders in the Swedish Dementia Registry: A Nationwide Study of over 7,000 Patients

Background/Aims: We aimed to study whether there are differences between dementia disorders and the use of anti-dementia drugs and antipsychotics (neuroleptics) in a large population of dementia patients. Methods: Information about dementia disorders was obtained from the national Swedish Dementia Registry (SveDem) 2007-2010 (n = 7,570). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between dementia disorders and the use of anti-dementia drugs and antipsychotics, after adjustment for age, sex, residential setting, living alone, MMSE score and number of other drugs (a proxy for overall co-morbidity). Results: More than 80% of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 86% of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) patients used anti-dementia drugs. Women were more likely than men to be treated with cholinesterase inhibitors. A higher MMSE score was positively associated with the use of cholinesterase inhibitors, but negatively associated with NMDA receptor antagonists and antipsychotics. Use of antipsychotics was 6% overall; however, it was 16% in DLB patients with an adjusted odds ratio of 4.2 compared to AD patients. Conclusion: Use of anti-dementia drugs in AD was in agreement with Swedish guidelines. However, use of antipsychotics in DLB patients was high, which might be worrying given the susceptibility of DLB patients to antipsychotics.
Environmental (Saprozoic) Pathogens of Engineered Water Systems: Understanding Their Ecology for Risk Assessment and Management

Major waterborne (enteric) pathogens are relatively well understood and treatment controls are effective when well managed. However, water-based, saprozoic pathogens that grow within engineered water systems (primarily within biofilms/sediments) cannot be controlled by water treatment alone prior to entry into water distribution and other engineered water systems. Growth within biofilms or as in the case of Legionella pneumophila, primarily within free-living protozoa feeding on biofilms, results from competitive advantage. Meaning, to understand how to manage water-based pathogen diseases (a sub-set of saprozoses) we need to understand the microbial ecology of biofilms; with key factors including biofilm bacterial diversity that influence amoebae hosts and members antagonistic to water-based pathogens, along with impacts from biofilm substratum, water temperature, flow conditions and disinfectant residual—all control variables. Major saprozoic pathogens covering viruses, bacteria, fungi and free-living protozoa are listed, yet today most of the recognized health burden from drinking waters is driven by legionellae, non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and, to a lesser extent, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In developing best management practices for engineered water systems based on hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) or water safety plan (WSP) approaches, multi-factor control strategies, based on quantitative microbial risk assessments need to be developed, to reduce disease from largely opportunistic, water-based pathogens.
CYTOGENETICS OF DOWN'S SYNDROME (MONGOLISM). I. DATA ON A CONSECUTIVE SERIES OF PATIENTS REFERRED FOR GENETIC COUNSELLING AND DIAGNOSIS.

The chromosome findings in a series of 173 Down’s syndrome or presumptive Down’s syndrome index patients, and a further 3 5 pairs of parents of Down’s syndrome index cases, are given. One hundred and forty-four index cases had primary G21 trisomy; six were interchange trisomics, six were mosaics, and one was a chromatin positive male with XXY sex chromosomes and primary G21 trisomy. Sixteen index patients whose diagnosis could not be clinically confirmed, were found to have normal chromosomes. The 35 pairs of parents all had normal chromosomes. In seven families (three index patients with primary G21 trisomy, two with normal chromosomes and two index patients not studied) minor morphological chromosome anomalies were observed. The relevance of this data to the causal association of Down’s syndrome and G21 trisomy, the frequency of mosaicism, double trisomy and association with other chromosome anomalies, is discussed.
Study on energy losses in industrial sector caused by low actual efficiency of induction motors

This paper presents a study on energy losses in the industrial sector caused by low actual efficiency of induction motors (IMs). The main reasons are discussed and an efficiency analysis of a 3-phase induction motor, commonly used in industry, presented to compare such motors' nominal and actual efficiencies. Based on the difference between nominal and actual efficiency, energy loss is calculated for a particular motor. Conclusions about how energy savings depend on operating efficiency of induction motors are made and possible ways of increasing actual efficiency of induction motors provided.
Asymmetric Aldol Reactions of α,β-Unsaturated Ketoester Substrates Catalyzed by Chiral Diamines

Highly efficient asymmetric aldol reactions between α,β-unsaturated keto esters and acyclic ketones catalyzed by chiral diamines are reported. The corresponding products were obtained in excellent yields with excellent enantioselectivities. The absolute configuration for the product was determined by X-ray analysis. A variety of substrates were tolerable in the present catalytic system.
Killing of Caenorhabditis elegans by Burkholderia cepacia is controlled by the cep quorum‐sensing system

Burkholderia cepacia H111, which was isolated from a cystic fibrosis patient, effectively kills the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Depending on the medium used for growth of the bacterium two different killing modes were observed. On high‐osmolarity medium the nematodes became paralysed and died within 24 h. Using filter assays we provide evidence that this killing mode involves the production of an extracellular toxin. On nematode growth medium killing occurs over the course of 2–3 days and involves the accumulation of bacteria in the intestinal lumen of C. elegans. We demonstrate that the cep quorum‐sensing system of H111 is required for efficient killing of C. elegans under both killing conditions. Using the C. elegans phm‐2 mutant that has a non‐functional grinder evidence is provided that the cep system is required to enter the intestinal lumen but is dispensable for the colonization of the gut. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the type II secretion machinery is not essential for nematode killing.
Context-Dependent Categorical Perception of Surprise

Evidence regarding the categorical perception of surprise facial expressions has been equivocal. Surprise is inherently ambiguous with respect to valence: it could be positive or negative. If this ambiguity interferes with categorical perception, disambiguating the valence might facilitate categorical perception. Participants identified and discriminated images that were selected from expression continua: happy – fear, surprise – fear, happy – surprise. Half were presented with a context for the surprise expressions indicating positive or negative valence. Both groups had a typical identification curve, but discrimination performance was better predicted by identification in the context condition for happy – fear and surprise – fear continua, suggesting that categorical perception was facilitated by the disambiguating context.
Leukaemia Inhibitory Factor or Related Factors Promote the Differentiation of Neuronal and Astrocytic Precursors within the Developing Murine Spinal Cord

Previously we have shown that leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) potentiates the development of murine spinal cord neurons in vitro, suggesting that it, or related factors, may play an important regulatory role in neuronal development. We have further investigated this role and show here that the generation of neurons in cultures of embryonic day 10 spinal cord cells is inhibited by antibodies to the β subunit of the LIF receptor. Since there are more undifferentiated precursors in antibody‐treated cultures than in control and LIF‐treated cultures, it is concluded that the primary action of LIF, or related molecules, is to promote neuronal differentiation, not precursor survival. In addition, the failure of LIF to support neuronal survival in the period immediately following differentiation suggests that the increased numbers of neurons generated with LIF are not attributable to its neurotrophic action. By selecting neuronal precursors on the basis of their inability to express class I major histocompatibility complex molecules, it was shown that LIF acted directly upon these cells and not via an intermediary cell. LIF also appears to be involved in regulating the differentiation of astrocytes, since it increases the number of glial fibrillary protein (GFAP)‐positive cells present in the cultures and since the spontaneous production of GFAP‐positive cells is blocked by antibodies to the LIF β receptor. These findings suggest that LIF or related factors promote the differentiation of neural precursors in the spinal cord, but that they are not involved in preferentially promoting precursors down a specific differentiation pathway.
Design and Implementation of Service-Oriented Task Model for Autonomous Service Robot

We identify and describe the challenges of robot task description and discuss the shortcomings of current approaches in meeting these challenges. We then identify a set of goals to guide the design of a task description language for the service-oriented autonomous robot. These goals led to the creation of event-based task description language, a XML-based language for describing user tasks as patterns of sub-tasks and events. ETDL is human-readable yet flexible enough to describe most types of service patterns to human especially in home environment. Finally, we experiment how well we met our goals and implications in the test bed equipped various information appliances using prototype robot, WeverR2
Nested clade and phylogeographic analyses of the chub, Leuciscus cephalus (Teleostei, cyprinidae), in Greece: implications for Balkan Peninsula biogeography.

Phylogenetic relationships among Greek populations of the chub, Leuciscus cephalus, were investigated using 600 bp of the cytochrome b gene. The aim of this study was to test the assumption that the main difference in ichthyological composition between both sides of the Balkan Peninsula is directly linked to differences in the dispersion mechanisms used by fish in order to extend their distribution range. Phylogenetic and nested clade analyses clearly showed that populations in Greece are significantly differentiated. Greek populations were found to descend from three lineages in three geographical provinces: Western, Central, and Eastern Greece. The chub reached Western Greece at the beginning of the Pleistocene and Eastern Greece during the mid-Pleistocene. Chub dispersion occurred mainly by river confluence due to sea level lowering and river capture in Western Greece and sea dispersal with low-salinity conditions within the Aegean Sea in Eastern Greece. However, in Central Greece, the original mtDNA lineage has presumably been lost owing to a genetic introgression following a second invasion from the Danube during the final stage of the last glaciation. This study provides new elements for a better understanding of the composition of the contemporary ichthyofauna in Greece and highlights possible evolutionary mechanisms responsible for the high endemism rate in the Western Greek biogeographic province.
Fingerprint liveness detection based on binarized statistical image feature with sampling from Gaussian distribution

Fingerprint detection has been applied in many security applications due to its satisfying performance. Its popularity also attract the attack from an adversary who uses artificial fingerprint made of Play-Doh or silicon to mislead the decision of the system. Recently, the liveness fingerprint detection using the textural measures based on the descriptor named Binarized Statistical Image Features (BSIF). BSIF is calculated for every pixel in a fingerprint image. However, we believe that the pixels in the middle of the fingerprint contain more information than the ones in the edge. As a result, we propose a revised liveness fingerprint detection based on BSIF with sampling from Gaussian distribution. According to the Gaussian distribution, more pixels in the middle will be sampled in comparison with the ones at the edge. The experimental results show that the proposed method is more accurate than the traditional one. It may suggests that the pixels in the middle are more informative than the ones at the edge for liveness detection.
Mechanical properties of tracheal tubes in the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana)

Insects breathe using an extensive network of flexible air-filled tubes. In some species, the rapid collapse and reinflation of these tubes is used to drive convective airflow, a system that may have bio-inspired engineering applications. The mechanical behavior of these tracheal tubes is critical to understanding how they function in this deformation process. Here, we performed quasi-static tensile tests on ring sections of the main thoracic tracheal trunks from the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) to determine the tracheal mechanical properties in the radial direction. The experimental findings indicate that the stress–strain relationships of these tracheal tubes exhibit some nonlinearities. The elastic modulus of the linear region of the stress–strain curves tubes was found to be 1660 ± 512 MPa. The ultimate tensile strength, ultimate strain and toughness were found to be 23.7 ± 7.33 MPa, 2.0 ± 0.7% and 0.207 ± 0.153 MJ m−3, respectively. This study is the first experimental quantification of insect tracheal tissue, and represents a necessary step toward understanding the mechanical role of tracheal tubes in insect respiration.
Tet repressor mutants with altered effector binding and allostery

To learn about the correlation between allostery and ligand binding of the Tet repressor (TetR) we analyzed the effect of mutations in the DNA reading head–core interface on the effector specific TetRi2 variant. The same mutations in these subdomains can lead to completely different activities, e.g. the V99G exchange in the wild‐type leads to corepression by 4‐ddma‐atc without altering DNA binding. However, in TetRi2 it leads to 4‐ddma‐atc dependent repression in combination with reduced DNA binding in the absence of effector. The thermodynamic analysis of effector binding revealed decreased affinities and positive cooperativity. Thus, mutations in this interface can influence DNA binding as well as effector binding, albeit both ligand binding sites are not in direct contact to these altered residues. This finding represents a novel communication mode of TetR. Thus, allostery may not only operate by the structural change proposed on the basis of the crystal structures.
Renal handling of radiolabelled human cystatin C in the rat.

Serum cystatin C concentration correlates negatively with glomerular filtration rate as well as or better than that of serum creatinine, suggesting a constant formation, and elimination from extracellular fluid mainly by glomerular filtration. It is not known, however, how well the renal plasma clearance of this 13-kDa basic polypeptide matches the glomerular filtration rate. This was investigated in rats during control conditions and after reduced renal perfusion pressure. 125I-cystatin C and an indicator for glomerular filtration (51Cr-EDTA or 131I-aprotinin) were injected intravenously. The renal accumulation and urinary excretion of the tracers were recorded in periods of 2.5 to 20.0 min. The renal plasma clearance of 125I-cystatin C (Ccy) based on the renal content of 125I correlated well with the glomerular filtration rate (CCr-EDTA) in periods up to 6 min; i.e. Ccy = 0.94 x CCr-EDTA, r = 0.99. Less than 0.5% of the filtered amount appeared in the urine. During more prolonged periods, Ccy increasingly underestimated glomerular filtration rate, reaching about 0.4 x CCr-EDTA in a 20-min period. Free 125I relative to total plasma 125I activity increased from about 2% at 5 min to about 70% at 20 min. In nephrectomized rats, free 125I accumulated in plasma at a slower rate, accounting for about 15% of the total activity 20 min after injection of 125I-cystatin C. We conclude that cystatin C is (a) mainly removed from the extracellular fluid by the kidneys, (b) practically freely filtered in the glomeruli, and (c) completely absorbed and rapidly broken down by the proximal tubular cells.
The absolute motion of the peculiar cluster NGC 6791

We present improved values of the three components of the absolute space velocity of the open cluster NGC 6791. One HST ACS/WFC field with two-epoch observations provides astrometric measurements of objects in a field containing the cluster center. Identification of 60 background galaxies with sharp nuclei allows us to determine an absolute reference point, and measure the absolute proper motion ofthe cluster. We find (μ α cos δ, μ δ ) J2000.0 = (-0.57 ±0.13,-2.45 ± 0.12) mas yr -1 , and adopt V rad = -47.1 + 0.7 km s -1 from the average of the published values. Assuming a Galactic potential, we calculate the Galactic orbit of the cluster for various assumed distances, and briefly discuss the implications on the nature and the origin of this peculiar cluster.
Effect of Electromyographic Biofeedback Training on Pain, Quadriceps Muscle Strength, and Functional Ability in Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback training on pain, quadriceps strength, and functional ability in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). DesignThis is a randomized controlled study; 36 children (11 boys and 25 girls) with polyarticular JRA, with ages ranging from 8 to 13 years, were selected and assigned randomly, using computer-generated random numbers, into 2 groups. The control group (n = 18) received the conventional physical therapy program, whereas the study group (n = 18) received the same program as the control group in addition to EMG biofeedback-guided isometric exercises for 3 days a week for 12 weeks. Pain, peak torque of quadriceps strength, and functional ability were evaluated before, after 6 weeks, and at the end of 12 weeks of the treatment program. ResultsBy 6 weeks, significant differences were observed in the study group (P < 0.05) in all measured variables except pain levels, whereas nonsignificant differences were observed in all measured variables in the control group. By 12 weeks, each group demonstrated significant improvements in pain, quadriceps strength, and functional ability (P < 0.05), with significantly greater improvements seen in the study group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Both groups showed significant improvement at 12 weeks compared to that at 6 weeks. ConclusionsElectromyographic biofeedback may be a useful intervention modality to reduce pain, improve quadriceps strength, and functional performance in JRA.
Improving the coordination efficiency of limited‐communication multi–autonomus underwater vehicle operations using a multiagent architecture

This research addresses the problem of coordinating multiple autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) operations. An intelligent mission executive has been created that uses multiagent technology to control and coordinate multiple AUVs in communication‐deficient environments. By incorporating real‐time vehicle prediction, blackboard‐based hierarchical mission plans, mission optimization, and a distributed multiagent–based paradigm in conjunction with a simple broadcast communication system, this research aims to handle the limitations inherent in underwater operations, namely poor communication, and intelligently control multiple vehicles. In this research, efficiency is evaluated and then compared to the current state of the art in multiple AUV control. The research is then validated in real AUV coordination trials. Results will show that compared to the state of the art, the control system developed and implemented in this research coordinates multiple vehicles more efficiently and is able to function in a range of poor communication environments. These findings are supported by in‐water validation trials with heterogeneous AUVs. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.