Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization and pathogenicity of a grouper iridovirus (GIV) isolated from yellow grouper, Epinephelus awoara (Temminck & Schlegel)

Molecular characterization was carried out on an iridovirus isolated from yellow grouper, Epinephelus awoara. The major capsid protein (MCP) gene was located, sequenced and compared with homologous genes from other iridoviruses. The nucleotide sequence is 1392 bases long and contains a single open reading frame beginning at an ATG codon from the 5' end and terminating at a TAA codon at the 3' end. The open reading frame encodes a protein of 463 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 50 272 Da. Pairwise amino acid alignments detected a high degree of sequence identity between grouper iridovirus (GIV) MCP and the homologous genes of other iridoviruses. The MCP gene of GIV was most similar to the MCP gene from frog virus 3 (FV3) with 70% nucleotide and 73% amino acid sequence identity. The predicted molecular weight of the protein of this gene is comparable with the apparent weight obtained by SDS-PAGE. Pathogenicity of the GIV was investigated in yellow grouper by intraperitoneal injection of 10 7 and 10 4 TCID 5 0 virus. Cumulative mortalities reached 100% within 11 and 25 days post-infection, respectively, while no grouper died in the control group. The molecular studies demonstrated that GIV is a member of the genus Ranavirus.
Amplificación múltiple de ADN para la detección de Escherichia coli O157:H7 y Salmonella spp. en canales de bovino Multiplex DNA amplification to detect Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. in bovine carcasses

The objective of this work was to develop a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) multiplex technology to detect Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in bovine carcasses. To obtain the PCR products, slt-I, slt-II, eaeA and uidA for E. coli and invA for Salmonella spp. genes were amplified in the same reaction. Using this method, microbial presence was investigated in carcasses from Mexican slaughterhouses, and traditional microbiological methods were used to corroborate PCR technology. Sixty samples were collected from municipal slaughterhouses and 60 from federal inspected slaughterhouses (TIF for its initials in Spanish) after sacrifice. Two positive samples (1.6%) were obtained of Salmonella spp. using both techniques in the municipal slaughterhouses. In the samples from both origins, there were positives. The PCR technique proved effective for the rapid and simultaneous identification of microorganisms.
Predicting Microdistributions of Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Parr from Depth and Velocity Preference Criteria: Test of an Assumption of the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology

We tested an assumption of the Physical Habitat Simulation of the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM) that fish select microhabitats based on the quality of one or several hydraulic conditions. We developed preference curves for juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Morse Creek, Washington, USA, that accounted for availability of depths and velocities and their utilization by steelhead parr. To allow comparison of intervals among preference curves from different studies, we developed preference indices. We then evaluated the relationship between steelhead parr density and preference or preference indices for depth, velocity, and depth and velocity combined using an independent data set from a different year and an adjacent location in Morse Creek; these indices reflected observed densities of steelhead parr. There was a significant rank correlation between steelhead parr density and preferences or preference indices of steelhead parr for velocity alone and for depth and velocity combined, b.
Carotenoids of the Mushroom Cantharellus cinnabarinus

The edible mushroom Cantharellus cinnabarinus contains a complicated mixture of carotenoid pigments. The major component was isolated in crystalline form and named canthaxanthin. The only minor pigment identified with certainty was beta-carotene; three others have been characterized as to absorption spectra and partition behavior. A fluorescent substance, probably phytofluene, is present in the pigment extracts.
Carbon Accumulation and Fossil Fuel Substitution During Different Rotation Scenarios

Accumulation of carbon (C) in biomass and soil, and using forest residues for bioenergy are examples of forestry’s contribution to reducing the enhanced concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The aim of this report was to study the effect of rotation length on carbon accumulation in biomass and soil, and on the amount of forest residues that could substitute fossil fuel during 2000–2100. Two models, based on inventory data from the Swedish National Forest Inventory, were used to simulate the effects of a changed rotation length in the region of Dalarna (1.8 × 106 ha), in central Sweden. During the studied period, the accumulation of carbon in biomass was 32 kg C ha−1 yr−1 larger for the prolonged rotation period and 105 kg C ha−1 yr−1 smaller for the shortened rotation period compared with the base scenario. The build-up of carbon in forest soil was 23 kg C ha−1 yr−1 larger for the prolonged rotation than for the base scenario, whereas the shortened rotation was 24 kg C ha−1 yr−1 smaller than the base scenario. The potential to substitute fossil fuel was 37 kg C ha−1 yr−1 larger for the shortened rotation and 17 kg C ha−1 yr−1 smaller for the prolonged rotation compared with the base scenario. The annual accumulation of carbon in biomass decreased in all scenarios, which resulted in a prolonged rotation scenario possibly being a poor long-term solution (> 100 yrs). The amount of forest residues that could substitute fossil fuel increased in all scenarios during the studied period.
An updated checklist of the marine Decapoda of Ascension Island, central Atlantic Ocean

The decapod Crustacea from Ascension Island are reported upon on the basis of major expeditions undertaken during 2008 and 2012, including several minor additional collections made in other years. Two species, Gnathophyllum americanum and Corallianassa longiventris are new records for the island bringing the total known marine decapod fauna to 75 species, of which 11 are currently endemic to Ascension Island.
Leaf anatomy of Bruniaceae: ecological, systematic and phylogenetic aspects

CARLQUIST, S. , 1991. Leaf anatomy of Bruniaceae: ecological, systematic and phylogenetic aspects. Quantitative and qualitative data are given for 60 species of the 12 genera of Bruniaceae; most data are based on liquid-preserved material. Leaves of Bruniaceae are basically linear (broader forms are probably derived) with an apicula that contains phellogen activity. Most bruniaceous leaves have some degree of isolateral construction, with transition to normal bifacial construction in a few species, but more commonly transition to ‘inverse’ bifacial structure (stomata on adaxial face, palisade on abaxial face). The latter type is correlated with the tendency for leaves to be appressed to stems. Tannins and very likely other dark-staining materials are very characteristic of mesophyll cells. Six genera have a large strand of fibres on the midvein and rhomboidal crystals in bundle sheath cells. The other six genera have few or no fibres on veins and have druses in mesophyll cells (but not in bundle sheath cells). These distinctions may relate to intrafamilial taxonomy, but they also support the primitive position usually accorded to Audouinia, Thamnea and Tittmannia. A key to genera based on leaf antomy is offered. Details of epidermal cell shape, cuticular relief and trichome form and structure based on scanning electron microscopy are given. Leaf anatomy, combined with other features, favours a relationship between Bruniaceae and Grubbiaceae in particular and in broader contexts allies Bruniaceae to rosalean and possibly hamamelidalean families.
A Note on the Spoilage of Prepacked Lamb Chops by Microbacterium thermosphactum

Summary. The microflora developing at 5° on lamb chops, prepacked commercially, was found to consist largely of facultatively anaerobic, Gram positive, catalase positive, benzidine negative rods resembling Microbacterium thermosphactum. In contrast, beef steaks under the same conditions had a microflora made up predominantly of Gram negative bacteria.
Comment: Why is conspecific nest parasitism more frequent in waterfowl than in other birds?

Rohwer and Freeman (F. C. Rohwer and S. Freeman. 1989. Can. J. Zool. 67: 239–253) have suggested that conspecific nest parasitism is rare in species with parentally fed young because high costs to hosts result in strong selection for defenses against parasitism. In contrast, conspecific nest parasitism is frequent in waterfowl and other species with self-feeding young because the costs of parasitism to hosts are minimal and produce little selection for host defenses. I offer several criticisms of this hypothesis and suggest that variation in the rate of conspecific nest parasitism among birds is better understood by focusing on the costs and benefits of parasitism for the parasitic female. I suggest that conspecific nest parasitism is more successful and therefore more frequent in waterfowl species because parasitic eggs and young require no more parental care from the host than it is already providing to its own offspring. In contrast, parasitism is less successful and less frequent in species with paren.
Book Review

As a sequel to her earlier book When Telephones Reach the Village (1984), Professor Heather Hudson once more focuses on the rural village in her ICT (Information and Communication Technology) and development discourse. As she states in the preface, the objective of the book is to review research on ICTs and development in the past two decades while at the same time adding her own findings from fieldwork in ICT planning and evaluation.
PREVALENCE OF SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS IN DAIRY COWS IN SELECTED AREAS OF BANGLADESH

This research was carried out to determine the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in lactating Dairy Cow of Bangladesh Agricultural University dairy farm (BAUDF) and rural areas of Tangail sadar upazila of Bangladesh during the period of July 2009 to April 2010. A total of 200 milk samples (40 from BAUDF and 160 from Tangail sadar upazila) were collected for this study which were subjected to physical examination and subsequently screened for subclinical mastitis using three indirect tests viz. White Side Test (WST), California Mastitis Test (CMT), and Surf Field Mastitis Test (SFMT). Overall prevalence of subclinical mastitis (SCM) in lactating dairy cows found in this study was 29%. Cows were infected with SCM 29.5%, 27.5% and 25.5% detection by CMT, WST and SFMT respectively. Higher prevalence of SCM was detected in milch crossbred cows (36.36%) in comparison to local bred cows (24.61%) maintained under extensive management system in Rural area of Tangail sadar upazila. The prevalence of SCM was recorded in 31.58%, 30.76% and 68.75% in cows of local area of Tangail sadar upazila, and 25.0%, 40.0% and 71.42% in cows of BAU,DF during the early, mid and late stages of lactation respectively. The highest prevalence of SCM was recorded during the early lactation stage in both the local breed cows (30.0%) and cows of BAUDF (45.83%) in comparison to their respective mid and late stages of lactation. The prevalence of SCM was highest in lactating cows having third lactation and high yielding (cows produced >10 liter milk per day) both in local breed and crossbred cows.
The Role of Women as Leaders in Improving Educational Quality: Evidence from Indonesia

Women have potential in leadership in various organisations, and a small proportion of women are involved in management positions. In particular, there are few female leaders in educational institutions or schools. This study aims to identify the strength of women leaders in schools in improving the quality of education. This study uses qualitative research methods. This study involved four schools consisting of one elementary school, one junior high school, one high school, and one vocational high school. The key informants in this study are the principals of the four schools. Data collection uses indepth interview techniques. The results of the study revealed that there are seven aspects of the strength of women leaders, namely: (1) aspects of school leadership qualifications lies in physical maturity, formal competence, and legality; (2) performance aspects are the ability to carry out tasks in supporting school performance; (3) aspects of character that are not ambitious, honest, patient, exemplary and able to behave decisively; (4) leadership style that tends to be democratic, maternal and collegial; (5) managerial aspects in achieving the vision and mission of the school; (6) mental and spiritual aspects; and (7) aspects family support as an external force in carrying out its activities as a leader.
The Structural Integrity of RORα Isoforms Is Mutated instaggererMice: Cerebellar Coexpression of RORα1 and RORα4

The recessive mouse mutation staggerer (sg) disturbs the normal development of cerebellar Purkinje cells and affects certain functions of the immune system. To identify the causative gene, we constructed high-resolution genetic and physical maps of the staggerer locus on mouse chromosome 9. The transcription unit of the orphan nuclear receptor RORα was identified in the critical interval. Our mutational analysis confirms a recent report that the sg phenotype may be caused by a genomic deletion in the common coding region of the RORα isoforms. Of the four different isoforms of the RORα gene that are generated by a combination of alternative promoter usage and exon splicing that differ in their DNA-binding properties, isoforms RORα1 and RORα4 are specifically coexpressed in the murine cerebellum and human cerebellum. Thus, at least two isoforms of the murine RORα gene are affected by the genomic deletion associated with the staggerer phenotype. Our finding of cerebellum-specific coregulation suggests that distinct sets of target genes regulated by the RORα1 and RORα4 isoforms are required for Purkinje cell development.
Experiences with Autonomous Sampling of Pit Lakes in North America using Drone Aircraft and Drone Boats

Autonomous drones have created opportunities for pit lake monitoring. is paper reviews two water sampling programs conducted on pit lakes in North America since 2017 using unmanned aircra and boats. e Canadian-based engineering rm Hatch connected an o -the-shelf unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to a commercial sample bottle and collected samples as deep as 80 m from seven pit lakes. Montana Tech used a custom-built drone boat to measure physiochemical pro les and sample the Berkeley Pit. ese examples highlight the potential for drones to collect high-frequency, vertically-distributed data from pit lakes, minimize human health risks, and improve pit lake management.
On some projective triply-even binary codes invariant under the Conway group ${rm Co}_1$

A binary triply-even $[98280, 25, 47104]_2$ code invariant under the sporadic simple group ${rm Co}_1$ is constructed by adjoining the all-ones vector to the faithful and absolutely irreducible 24-dimensional code of length 98280. Using the action of ${rm Co}_1$ on the code we give a description of the nature of the codewords of any non-zero weight relating these to vectors of types 2, 3 and 4, respectively of the Leech lattice. We show that the stabilizer of any non-zero weight codeword in the code is a maximal subgroup of ${rm Co}_1$. Moreover, we give a partial description of the nature of the codewords of minimum weight of the dual code.
On the Occurrence and Significance of Motivation-Structural Rules in Some Bird and Mammal Sounds

The convergent use of harsh, low-frequency sounds by hostile animals and more pure tonelike, high frequency sounds by fearful or appeasing animals is discussed in an evolutionary context. It is proposed that many sounds in species' repertoires are evolved from motivation-structural rules derived from selection pressures favoring the use of communication instead of, or in conjunction with, fighting to attain resources. The use of this concept should further the appreciation of the relationship between sound structure and function.
Probiotics and phytogenics for poultry: myth or reality?

SUMMARY Removal and restriction of subtherapeutic antibiotics from poultry diets in many parts of the world has amplified interest in improving intestinal health and nutrient utilization. Some probiotic (direct-fed microbials) and plant-derived (phytogenic) feed additives are gaining market presence. Defined probiotic cultures have the potential to succeed, in large part because of in vitro screening and selection. However, regulatory approval delays, particularly in Europe, have stymied the commercial application of some microorganisms in poultry diets. Phytogenic feed additives have demonstrated ranges of antimicrobial activities in vitro and are building a track record of improvements in bird performance. Hesitation by nutritionists to incorporate these feed additives are due in part to 1) unfamiliarity, 2) the overselling of plausible effects by industry, 3) product inconsistency, 4) a lack of documented physiological and microbiological effects in vivo, and, in the case of probiotics, 5) a lack of documentation of persistence.
A review of marine macrofouling communities with special reference to animal fouling

From the initial adsorption of macromolecules to the development of complex and diverse plant and animal communities, marine fouling affects most solid surfaces permanently or temporarily immersed in the sea. Invertebrate larvae and macroalgal spores often demonstrate remarkable powers of selectivity before committing themselves to life as sessile individuals. Several environmental and substratum‐related factors, especially surface biochemistry, play vital roles in inducing settlement and metamorphosis. Once established, recruitment of juveniles to the community, relies on their ability to resist predation from motile animals as well as competition from neighbouring forms. Various strategies have evolved to ensure that individuals or colonies develop sufficiently to reach maturity and reproduce. The use of settlement plates as experimental tools in the study of fouling organisms has contributed significantly to our understanding of species “succession”; and community “stability”;. In attempting to investi.
Modelling Si–N-limited growth of diatoms

A mechanistic model for silicon (Si) physiology is developed, interfaced with a model of nitrogen IN) physiology, which is capable of simulating the major documented facets of Si-N physiology in diatoms. The model contains a cell cycle component that is involved in regulating the timing ol the synthesis of valves, girdles and setae. In addition to reproducing the timing of diatom cell division within a light- dark cycle, the model simulates the following features seen in real diatoms. Synthesis of valves only occurs during G 2 interphase and M, while the girdles and (if appropriate) setae are synthesized during G 1 Si stress alone results in a loss of setae, followed by a thinning of the valves in successive generations until a minimum Si cell quota is attained. After this point, the duration of G 2 increases and growth is Si limited. Concurrently, the carbon (C) cell quota increases, offering the capability to simulate the documented increase in sinking rates with Si stress. N stress alone results in an increase in the duration of G 1 and G 2 interphases, and high Si cell quotas, From this complex model which must be run for arrays of subpopulations to simulate non-synchronous growth, a simpler model is developed. This is capable of reproducing similar growth dynamics, although with no reference to component parts of the frustule. When allied to a photoacclimative submodel, a prediction of the model is that diatoms starved of Si will release increased amounts of dissolved organic C because cell growth is halted more rapidly than the photosystems can be degraded.
Histological and Hematological Evaluation of Potassium Permanganate Exposure in Channel Catfish

Abstract A histological and hematological study was performed to evaluate the effect of waterborne exposures of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus to potassium permanganate (KMnO4). Three concentrations of KMnO4 were chosen to represent one, three, and five times the therapeutic concentrations (0.438, 1.315, and 2.190 mg/L, respectively), based on the KMnO4 demand, for 36 h, which is three times the usual treatment duration. The organs examined were the gill, liver, and trunk kidney. Differential leukocyte counts of neutrophils and monocytes in the blood and plasma enzyme analyses (lactate dehydrogenase and alanine transaminase) were also performed. The gill was the only organ to show microscopic lesions. Fish exposed to the therapeutic concentration of KMnO4 for 36 h had mild hypertrophy and spongiosis in the gills sampled during exposure, but no lesions were noticed 2 d postexposure. Gills of fish exposed to three and five times the therapeutic dose had extensive hyperplasia, epithelial hypertrophy and.
Technological Change and Employment Relations in Nigeria The Case of the Nigerian Dockworkers

This paper explores employee participation based on case studies in three Australian healthcare services. We analyse the views of managers and employees on their understanding and experience of employee participation and the facilitators and impediments to participatory practice. Findings indicate the existence of direct and indirect forms of employee participation including regular OH&S committees and irregular employee user groups. Only one organisation had an ongoing management/union consultative arrangement. However, all organizations had informal arrangements for employee participation in teams or project development. A model of eight pre-conditions to employee participation was used to analyse the data. The main finding is that management support is the pre-eminent pre-condition for employee participation to occur, however this is dependent on management identifying a benefit in employee participation. Implications are drawn for managerial practice and further research.
Influences of Hypoxia and Hyperthermia on Fish Species Composition in Headwater Streams

Abstract Indices of hypoxia and hyperthermia tolerance for Missouri fish assemblages were based on laboratory measurements of lethal dissolved oxygen concentrations and temperatures, combined with field measures of the relative abundances of tolerant and sensitive species. Fish assemblages and extreme physicochemical conditions were monitored over 3–4 years at 18 sites on headwater streams in the Prairie, Ozark Border, and Ozark regions of Missouri. Oxygen minima ranged from 0.8 to 6.0 mg/L, and temperature maxima ranged from 19.6 to 30.7°C; oxygen minima at study sites were not correlated with temperature maxima. Hypoxia tolerances of fish assemblages were strongly correlated with minimum stream oxygen concentrations and varied concordantly with regional, longitudinal, and temporal gradients in stream oxygen minima. Hyperthermia tolerances of fish assemblages were not correlated with maximum stream temperatures, nor were regional, longitudinal, or temporal differences in hyperthermia tolerances concordan.