Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Geografía de la producción: Incidencia de las externalidades en la localización de las actividades en España

Desde la decada de 1970 el analisis economico ha retomado el interes por la relacion entre localizacion de la actividad economica y especificidad territorial. El estudio de los sistemas productivos locales italianos revelo que el espacio geografico reunia una serie de condiciones que afectaban a su modelo industrial y capacidad de crecimiento (Becattini, 1979). Se puso de manifiesto que la eficiencia de las empresas que configuran los sistemas productivos locales depende de factores externos a las empresas e internos al territorio. Las caracteristicas del modelo de localizacion industrial italiano reproduce los principales rasgos del concepto marshalliano de distrito industrial, en el que las economias externas explican su configuracion y desarrollo. La principal y decisiva aportacion del estudio del modelo italiano ha sido demostrar que la localizacion y estructura de la actividad productiva depende de las externalidades, o economias externas, de cada territorio. Los trabajos aplicados realizados permitieron observar que las externalidades son un factor determinante de la aglomeracion de las actividades productivas y por tanto del crecimiento economico del territorio.
An energy-efficient anomaly detection approach for wireless sensor networks

Detecting anomalies in sensed data in a wireless sensor network (WSN) is essential to identify malfunctioning nodes. A key challenge is to develop an approach to dynamically detect anomalies with an acceptable accuracy while the communication overhead and energy consumption in the network is minimized. In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient approach for detecting anomalies in sensed data in a WSN. The anomaly detection procedure is comprised of two phases: training and detection. In the training phase, every sensor node computes a description of its local sensed data and sends it to its group head. After receiving descriptive data from member nodes, the group head applies approximate global principal component analysis (AGPCA) to establish a global normal profile and sends it to all member nodes. In the detection phase, every member node detects anomalies based on their projection distances from the global first principal component. As environmental conditions change over time, the established global normal profile is updated using weighted coefficients. We demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves high detection rate with low false alarm rate while minimizing the energy consumption in the network.
Combinatorial Control of Cyclin B1 Nuclear Trafficking through Phosphorylation at Multiple Sites*

Entry into mitosis is regulated by the Cdc2 kinase complexed to B-type cyclins. We and others recently reported that cyclin B1/Cdc2 complexes, which appear to be constitutively cytoplasmic during interphase, actually shuttle continually into and out of the nucleus, with the rate of nuclear export exceeding the import rate (1-3). At the time of entry into mitosis, the import rate is increased, whereas the export rate is decreased, leading to rapid nuclear accumulation of Cdc2/cyclin B1. Although it has recently been reported that phosphorylation of 4 serines within cyclin B1 promotes the rapid nuclear translocation of Cdc2/cyclin B1 at G2/M, the role that individual phosphorylation sites play in this process has not been examined (3, 4). We report here that phosphorylation of a single serine residue (Ser113 ofXenopus cyclin B1) abrogates nuclear export of cyclin B1. This serine lies directly within the cyclin B1 nuclear export sequence and, when phosphorylated, prevents binding of the nuclear export factor, CRM1. In contrast, analysis of phosphorylation site mutants suggests that coordinate phosphorylation of all 4 serines (94, 96, 101, and 113) is required for the accelerated nuclear import of cyclin B1/Cdc2 characteristic of G2/M. Additionally, binding of cyclin B1 to importin-β, the factor known to be responsible for the slow interphase nuclear entry of cyclin B1, appears to be unaffected by the phosphorylation state of cyclin B. These data suggest that a distinct import factor must be recruited to enhance nuclear entry of Cdc2/cyclin B1 at the G2/M transition.
Economic predictors of admissions to mental health facilities in a nonmetropolitan community.

Recent research in a metropolitan community (Kansas City, Missouri) suggests that changes in economic climate uncover existing untreated behavioral disorder rather than provoke symptoms in previously normal persons (Catalano and Dooley, 1979). Using time-analytic techniques, this study replicates the Kansas City analysis in a nonmetropolitan community (Washington County, Maryland). The results show that for each subgroup (males, females, age groups 26-40 and 41-60) economic conditions in Washington County are significantly related to subsequent inpatient admissions (lagged two to four months) and that the relationship is not substantially reduced after controlling for surveyed symptoms. As in Kansas City, support for the uncovering explanation is inferred. Male outpatient facility use in Washington County is also related to economic conditions at a two-month lag. Public inpatient admissions are more responsive to economic conditions than are private inpatient admissions. Metropolitan-nonmetropolitan differences and the needforfurther replication using longer time series are discussed.
The influence of Helicobacter pylori eradication on leptin, soluble CD40 ligand, oxidative stress and body composition in patients with peptic ulcer disease.

OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication on blood levels of soluble CD40 ligand, leptin, oxidative stress and body composition in patients with dyspepsia infected with H. pylori. METHODS The infection of H. pylori was based on the presence of both (14)C urea breath test (UBT) and histology. Patients were given triple eradication therapy for 14 days and at 3 months after the treatment, (14)C UBT was reinstituted. Fasting glucose, leptin, body composition, soluble CD40 ligand, total oxidant status (TOS) were studied before and at 3 months after the treatment. RESULTS In 33 subjects, H. pylori infection was successfully eradicated. sCD40L, and TOS levels were significantly decreased after H. pylori eradication. The percentage of body fat and body fat mass significantly decreased whereas the fat free mass (FFM) increased after eradication. However, eradication of the organism yielded no differences in leptin levels. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that H. pylori eradication reduces the sCD40L and oxidative stress, fat mass with a significant increase in fat free mass. Thus, eradication of H. pylori infection not only improves ulcer healing, but may also reduce the presumed atherosclerosis risk.
VERY HIGH BACKGROUND RADIATION AREAS OF RAMSAR, IRAN: PRELIMINARY BIOLOGICAL STUDIES

People in some areas of Ramsar, a city in northern Iran, receive an annual radiation absorbed dose from background radiation that is up to 260 mSv y−1, substantially higher than the 20 mSv y−1 that is permitted for radiation workers. Inhabitants of Ramsar have lived for many generations in these high background areas. Cytogenetic studies show no significant differences between people in the high background compared to people in normal background areas. An in vitro challenge dose of 1.5 Gy of gamma rays was administered to the lymphocytes, which showed significantly reduced frequency for chromosome aberrations of people living in high background compared to those in normal background areas in and near Ramsar. Specifically, inhabitants of high background radiation areas had about 56% the average number of induced chromosomal abnormalities of normal background radiation area inhabitants following this exposure. This suggests that adaptive response might be induced by chronic exposure to natural background radiation as opposed to acute exposure to higher (tens of mGy) levels of radiation in the laboratory. There were no differences in laboratory tests of the immune systems, and no noted differences in hematological alterations between these two groups of people.
Exact-Repair Minimum Bandwidth Regenerating Codes Based on Evaluation of Linearized Polynomials

In this paper, we propose two new constructions of exact-repair minimum storage regenerating (exact-MBR) codes. Both constructions obtain the encoded symbols by first treating the message vector over GF(q) as a linearized polynomial and then evaluating it over an extension field GF(q^m). The evaluation points are chosen so that the encoded symbols at any node are conjugates of each other, while corresponding symbols of different nodes are linearly dependent with respect to GF(q). These properties ensure that data repair can be carried out over the base field GF(q), instead of matrix inversion over the extension field required by some existing exact-MBR codes. To the best of our knowledge, this approach is novel in the construction of exact-MBR codes. One of our constructions leads to exact-MBR codes with arbitrary parameters. These exact-MBR codes have higher data reconstruction complexities but lower data repair complexities than their counterparts based on the product-matrix approach; hence they may be suitable for applications that need a small number of data reconstructions but a large number of data repairs.
FibronectinEDA Promotes Chronic Cutaneous Fibrosis Through Toll-Like Receptor Signaling

FibronectinEDA is an endogenous TLR4 ligand in scleroderma. Scleroderma Takes Its Toll Scleroderma is a disease where the immune system attacks the connective tissues of the body, with notable hardening of the skin and fibrosis in multiple organs. However, what causes scleroderma—and the associated persistent fibrosis activation—remains unknown. Bhattacharyya et al. now report that the fibronectin extra domain A (FnEDA)—an endogenous damage-induced TLR4 ligand—may contribute to cutaneous fibrosis. The authors found that FnEDA is elevated in lesions and circulation both of patients with scleroderma and of a mouse model of fibrosis. FnEDA was up-regulated by TGF-β in healthy fibroblasts. In vitro, FnEDA increased mechanical stiffness of human skin equivalents. Indeed, the profibrotic responses induced by FnEDA were dependent on TLR4 signaling and could be blocked by genetic, RNA interference, and pharmacologic TLR4 inhibition. These data suggest that a damage-induced TLR4 signaling may contribute to fibrogenesis in scleroderma. Scleroderma is a progressive autoimmune disease affecting multiple organs. Fibrosis, the hallmark of scleroderma, represents transformation of self-limited wound healing into a deregulated self-sustaining process. The factors responsible for maintaining persistent fibroblast activation in scleroderma and other conditions with chronic fibrosis are not well understood. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and its damage-associated endogenous ligands are implicated in immune and fibrotic responses. We now show that fibronectin extra domain A (FnEDA) is an endogenous TLR4 ligand markedly elevated in the circulation and lesional skin biopsies from patients with scleroderma, as well as in mice with experimentally induced cutaneous fibrosis. Synthesis of FnEDA was preferentially stimulated by transforming growth factor–β in normal fibroblasts and was constitutively up-regulated in scleroderma fibroblasts. Exogenous FnEDA was a potent stimulus for collagen production, myofibroblast differentiation, and wound healing in vitro and increased the mechanical stiffness of human organotypic skin equivalents. Each of these profibrotic FnEDA responses was abrogated by genetic, RNA interference, or pharmacological disruption of TLR4 signaling. Moreover, either genetic loss of FnEDA or TLR4 blockade using a small molecule mitigated experimentally induced cutaneous fibrosis in mice. These observations implicate the FnEDA-TLR4 axis in cutaneous fibrosis and suggest a paradigm in which aberrant FnEDA accumulation in the fibrotic milieu drives sustained fibroblast activation via TLR4. This model explains how a damage-associated endogenous TLR4 ligand might contribute to converting self-limited tissue repair responses into intractable fibrogenesis in chronic conditions such as scleroderma. Disrupting sustained TLR4 signaling therefore represents a potential strategy for the treatment of fibrosis in scleroderma.
Nucleotide sequence and functional analysis of the meta-cleavage pathway involved in biphenyl and polychlorinated biphenyl degradation in Pseudomonas sp. strain KKS102

Pseudomonas sp. strain KKS102 is able to degrade biphenyl and polychlorinated biphenyls via the meta-cleavage pathway. We sequenced the upstream region of the bphA1A2A3BCD (open reading frame 1 [ORF1]) A4 and found four ORFs in this region. As the deduced amino acid sequences of the first, second, and third ORFs are homologous to the meta-cleavage enzymes from Pseudomonas sp. strain CF600 (V. Shingler, J. Powlowski, and U. Marklund, J. Bacteriol. 174:711-724, 1992), these ORFs have been named bphE, bphG, and bphF, respectively. The fourth ORF (ORF4) showed homology with ORF3 from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes KF707 (K. Taira, J. Hirose, S. Hayashida, and K. Furukawa, J. Biol. Chem. 267:4844-4853, 1992), whose function is unknown. The functions of meta-cleavage enzymes (BphE, BphG, and BphF) were analyzed by using crude extracts of Escherichia coli which expressed the encoding genes. The results showed that bphE, bphG, and bphF encode 2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate hydratase, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (acylating), and 4-hydroxy-2-oxovalerate aldolase, respectively. The biphenyl and polychlorinated biphenyl degradation pathway of KKS102 is encoded by 12 genes in the order bphEGF (ORF4)A1A2A3BCD (ORF1)A4. The functions of ORF1 and ORF4 are unknown. The features of this bph gene cluster are discussed.
The Ocular Manifestations of Rheumatoid Disease

The inflammatory arthropathies that affect the eye most commonly are RA, JRA, and the seronegative spondyloarthropathies. These conditions not only cause devastating systemic findings but can be the source of damaging ocular disease. The inflammatory nature of these entities, with the accompanying liberation of mediators of inflammation, can result in a cycle of tissue destruction that culminates in blindness. The diseases reviewed can present first with systemic or ocular findings; thus, all physicians must be equipped with the appropriate knowledge to make accurate and timely diagnoses so that appropriate management strategies can be employed. The successful recognition and treatment of these conditions can prevent their associated systemic and ocular morbidity.
EFFICIENT ANALYSIS OF MEDICAL IMAGE DE-NOISING FOR MRI AND ULTRASOUND IMAGES

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound images have been widely exploited for more truthful pathological changes as well as diagnosis. However, they suffer from a number of shortcomings and these includes: acquisition noise from the equipment, ambient noise from the environment, the presence of background tissue, other organs and anatomical influences such as body fat, and breathing motion. Therefore, noise reduction is very important, as various types of noise generated limits the effectiveness of medical image diagnosis. In this study, an efficient analysis of MRI and ultrasound modalities is performed. Three experiments have been carried out that include various filters (Median, Gaussian and Wiener filter) and evaluating the outcomes of medical image de-noising after applying these three filters by calculating the peak signal-to- noise ratio (PSNR), which shows that Gaussian filter is better than Median and Wiener filter.
Real World Cognitive Multi-Tasking and Problem Solving: A Large Scale Cognitive Architecture Simulation Through High Performance Computing-Project Casie

Abstract : In its grandest sense, Project CASIE explored the development of a computational system capable of high level perception and problem solving that reflects the cognitive processes of the human brain. Most specifically, it concentrated on better understanding and modeling intuition and insight in a computational fashion. The goal was to address the fundamental problem of modeling and solving communities of tasks from a cognitive point of view through multiple problem solving agents working cooperatively or competitively on different subtasks at multiple levels of granularity.
A review of the ecosystem functions in oil palm plantations, using forests as a reference system

Oil palm plantations have expanded rapidly in recent decades. This large‐scale land‐use change has had great ecological, economic, and social impacts on both the areas converted to oil palm and their surroundings. However, research on the impacts of oil palm cultivation is scattered and patchy, and no clear overview exists. We address this gap through a systematic and comprehensive literature review of all ecosystem functions in oil palm plantations, including several (genetic, medicinal and ornamental resources, information functions) not included in previous systematic reviews. We compare ecosystem functions in oil palm plantations to those in forests, as the conversion of forest to oil palm is prevalent in the tropics. We find that oil palm plantations generally have reduced ecosystem functioning compared to forests: 11 out of 14 ecosystem functions show a net decrease in level of function. Some functions show decreases with potentially irreversible global impacts (e.g. reductions in gas and climate regulation, habitat and nursery functions, genetic resources, medicinal resources, and information functions). The most serious impacts occur when forest is cleared to establish new plantations, and immediately afterwards, especially on peat soils. To variable degrees, specific plantation management measures can prevent or reduce losses of some ecosystem functions (e.g. avoid illegal land clearing via fire, avoid draining of peat, use of integrated pest management, use of cover crops, mulch, and compost) and we highlight synergistic mitigation measures that can improve multiple ecosystem functions simultaneously. The only ecosystem function which increases in oil palm plantations is, unsurprisingly, the production of marketable goods. Our review highlights numerous research gaps. In particular, there are significant gaps with respect to socio‐cultural information functions. Further, there is a need for more empirical data on the importance of spatial and temporal scales, such as differences among plantations in different environments, of different sizes, and of different ages, as our review has identified examples where ecosystem functions vary spatially and temporally. Finally, more research is needed on developing management practices that can offset the losses of ecosystem functions. Our findings should stimulate research to address the identified gaps, and provide a foundation for more systematic research and discussion on ways to minimize the negative impacts and maximize the positive impacts of oil palm cultivation.
Implementation of FocalPoint GS location‐guided imaging system

Recently, the Food and Drug Administration approved the use of the location‐guided imaging system FocalPoint GS (FPGS), on SurePath Papanicolaou (Pap) tests for primary screening. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the impact of FPGS on the following: distribution of diagnostic categories; rate of high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV)–positive ASC‐US cases; and quality control (QC) data before and after FPGS implementation.
Tissue microarray for high-throughput analysis of gene expression profiles in hepatocellular carcinoma.

AIM To study the expression profiles of HBsAg, HBcAg, p21WAF1/CIP1 (p21), Rb genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to investigate their roles in the hepatocar-cinogenesis. METHODS HCC tissue microarray containing 120-min tissues of 40 HCC cases was constructed. HBsAg, HBcAg, p21 and Rb proteins were immunohistochemically stained by streptavidin-peroxidase conjugated method (S-P). The expression loss of these genes in cancerous, para-cancerous tissues and adjacent normal liver tissues of 40 HCCs were comparatively examined. RESULTS The positive rate of HBsAg expression in cancerous tissues of 40 HCCs was 7.5%, which was lower than that in para-cancerous and adjacent normal liver tissues (chi2 =12.774, P < 0.01; chi2 = 18.442, P < 0.01). The positive rate of HBcAg expression in cancerous tissues of 40 HCCs was 20.0%, which was also lower than that in para-cancerous and adjacent normal liver tissues (chi2 = 9.482, P < 0.01; chi2 = 14.645, P < 0.01). p21 protein deletion rate in cancerous tissues of 40 HCCs was 27.5%, which was higher than that in para-cancerous and adjacent normal liver tissues (chi2 = 7.439, P < 0.01; chi2 = 11.174, P < 0.01). p21 protein deletion correlated remarkably with the pathological grade of HCC (chi2 = 0.072, P < 0.05). Rb protein deletion rate in cancerous tissues of 40 HCCs was 42.5%, which was also higher than that in para-cancerous and adjacent normal liver tissues (chi2 = 10.551, P < 0.01; chi2 = 18.353, P < 0.01). Rb protein deletion rate did not correlate remarkably with tumor size or pathological grade of HCC (chi2 = 0.014, P > 0.05; chi2 = 0.017, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Expression deletion of HBsAg, HBcAg, p21 and Rb proteins in HCCs may play important roles in the carcinogenesis of HCC. Tissue microarray is an effective high-throughput technique platform for cancer research.
Transmission strategies for joint wireless information and energy transfer in a two-user MIMO interference channel

This paper investigates transmission strategies for joint wireless information and energy transfer in a two-user MIMO interference channel, in which each receiver either decodes the incoming information data (information decoding, ID) or harvests the RF energy (energy harvesting, EH) to operate with a potentially perpetual energy supply. In the two-user interference channel, we have four different scenarios according to the receiver mode - (ID<sub>1</sub>, ID<sub>2</sub>), (EH<sub>1</sub>, EH<sub>2</sub>), (EH<sub>1</sub>, ID<sub>2</sub>), and (ID<sub>1</sub>, EH<sub>2</sub>). For single-operation modes such as (ID<sub>1</sub>, ID<sub>2</sub>) and (EH<sub>1</sub>, EH<sub>2</sub>), the optimal transmission strategies achieving either maximum information bit rate or maximum harvested energy are derived - iterative water filling and rank-one energy beamforming. For (EH<sub>1</sub>, ID<sub>2</sub>), and (ID<sub>1</sub>, EH<sub>2</sub>), the achievable rate-energy (R-E) tradeoff region is investigated when one of the transmitters takes a rank-one energy beamforming and the other transmitter takes “water-filling-like” approach. Here, for the rank-one energy beamforming, the transmitter can take two different strategies - maximum energy beamforming (MEB) and minimum leakage beamforming (MLB). Finally, a new rank-one energy beamforming strategy - signal-to-leakage-and-energy ratio (SLER) maximization beamforming - is proposed.