Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evolution de l'auto-incompatibilité : modélisation des conditions de maintien et de diversification en populations finies

L'auto-incompatibilite est un mecanisme genetique tres repandu chez les Angiospermes. Elle permet aux plantes hermaphrodites d'eviter l'autofecondation et les croisements entre individus apparentes par un mecanisme de reconnaissance et de rejet du pollen par le pistil, lorsque ceux-ci expriment la meme specificite. Ces specificites dependent des alleles au locus d'auto-incompatibilite (le locus S) qui est compose de deux genes strictement lies, l'un s'exprimant dans le pollen, l'autre dans le pistil. Dans le cadre de cette these, je me suis interessee au maintien et a l'evolution de l'auto-incompatibilite, que j'ai etudies par une approche de modelisation. La premiere partie de ma these traite de l'evolution conjointe de l'auto-incompatibilite et de la depression de consanguinite, et s'attache notamment a etudier les conditions permettant le maintien de l'auto-incompatibilite. Cette etude est basee sur des simulations en population finie. Nos resultats montrent que le maintien de l'auto-incompatibilite est associe a une forte depression de consanguinite, et qu'il est facilite par un taux eleve d'auto-pollinisation. La seconde partie traite des conditions permettant l'evolution de nouveaux alleles d'auto-incompatibilite (alleles S), ce que nous avons etudie d'une part analytiquement en population infinie, et d'autre part par des simulations en population finie. Nos resultats montrent que les conditions permettant la diversification au locus S sont beaucoup moins stringentes en population finie, et que le processus de diversification est d'autant plus rapide qu'il y a peu d'alleles S presents dans la population.
Closed-Loop Control of a DC-DC Four-Phase Interleaved Quadrupler for Solar Photovoltaic Applications

Multiphase high step up converter based on interleaving technique is discussed and analyzed in this paper. The proposed converter combines the features of a high gain quadrupler and interleaving architecture. It achieves high voltage gain with reduced ripples in the input side and output side with reduced stress across the switches. The converter also achieves zero voltage switching under closed loop configuration without any additional components. Low stress makes use of low rated components, and high conversion efficiency is achieved due to low switching and conduction losses
Extinction in Our Times: Global Amphibian Decline

PREFACE 1. Declining Amphibian Populations and the Biodiversity Crisis 2. Rallying Around the Issue of Amphibian Declines 3. Challenges, Correlates, and Hypotheses 4. Introduced Species, Commerce, and Land Use Change 5. Contaminants, Global Change, and Emerging Infectious Diseases 6. Unraveling the Mystery 7. Amphibian Chytrid Fungus as a Cause of Declines and Extinctions 8. How Can Science and Conservation Make a Difference? 9. Science Policy and Reacting to a Challenge 10. Leaping between Mysteries LITERATURE CITED
Influência de sexo e energia sobre a taxa de crescimento, eficiência de utilização alimentar, taxa de uréia (U) e de proteína iodada do plasma (PI) em gado de corte

The higher energy ration (no 1) was the only one fullfed throughout the two 17-week periods of experiment (treatment 1). Cattle on the medium energy ration (no 2) were switched to the lower energy ration (no 3) after the first 17-week period (treatment 2). Cattle on treaty ment 3 had these same rations (no 2 and 3) in an opposite order. All treatments were fed to an equal number of bulls, steers and heifers (a total of 36 animals). Bulls showed the highest gaining ability, heifers the lowest, and steers were intermediate. Treatment 1 gave the best results, followed by treatment 3. The results of treatment 2 were possibly favored by a slightly higher protein content or ration 3 (first period), and by a probable induced compensatory growth (second period). Bulls were significantly higher in PUN than steers and heifers, which were equivalent. Treatment 1 and 2 were similar and significantly lower than treatment 3. PUN increased rather consistently from the beginning to the end of the experiment. It seemed to reflect to adequacy of protein and, with more emphasis, of energy intake. PBI, contrary to the initial hypothesis, did not show significant differences either among sexes, or among ration treatments. There was a tendency to decrease as the experimental time increased; however, no correlation was found between PBI and PUN. Conclusions: The studied efficiency of feed utilization was 1) higher for bulls and lower for heifers; 2) proportional to the amount of energy fed (considering only the first period); 3) greater for treatment 3, probably due to a slightly higher protein content of ration 3 and a possible compensatory growth; 4) to some extent, reflected by the levels of Plasma Urea Nitrogen; 5) no correlated with plasma Protein Bound Iodine.
System Level Analysis for ITS-G5 and LTE-V2X Performance Comparison

Vehicular communications, known under the name of V2X (Vehicle to Everything) are expected to grow fast in the next years, bringing for example safer driving conditions, optimized traffic management, energy reduction, etc. Currently two short range-based technologies (ITS-G5, standardized in Europe by ETSI and derived from WiFi communications IEEE standards and LTE based Vehicle to Everything or LTE-V2X developed by 3GPP and derived from LTE) consider the use of 5.9 GHz ITS band for their deployment. While different countries are more or less advanced in terms of regulation definition for Intelligent Transport System (ITS), it seems clear that the same solution will not be necessarily worldwide deployed. This study compares performances of both technologies by means of system level simulation, in particular considering the European ITS-G5 protocol stack specification. In order to analyze system level performance, physical layer simulation is used to provide Packet Delivery Rate (PDR) versus Signal to Noise plus Interference Ratio (SINR). Then PDR curves are exploited to feed system level simulation aimed at providing statistics about Cooperative Awareness Message (CAM) transmission reliability, in typical urban scenario. The paper provides a brief description of the systems together with the definition of the assumptions and the key results related to the physical layer analysis; it follows with the description of the NS-3 simulator models used for system level simulation (with particular emphasis on PC5 Mode 4) and the discussion about the results which provide insight about the expected and the simulated behavior of both technologies, in particular comparative statistics with regards to CAM success ratio versus maximum communication distance are provided in order to compare the performance.
Investigation of Selected Industrially Important Enzymatic Activities of Turkish Agricultural Mycoflora-I: Amylase, Lipase, Protease

In this context, fungi being a rich source in from metabolites point of view, their utilization possibilities in various area are investigated. Primary metabolites of the fungi representing Turkish agricultural mycoflora which belongs to our culture collections are determined and their importance with respect to industry will be evaluated. It is assumed that enzymes such as, protease, amylase, lipase, cellulase, xylanase, b-glucanase, pectinase of these moulds represent a potential source for food industry. In this context, qualitative screening three of these enzymes producing abilities of relevant moulds are carried out. Methods used for enzyme determination cover, "Opacity Capacities in Deep Culture Technique" for lipase and protease, "Clear Zone in Diffusion Technique" for amylase enzymes. Totally 1558 molds were analyzed for amylase, protease, and lipase activity. According to results; 69% (totaly 1078), 41% (totaly 645), 40% (totaly 618) of our moulds were determined in positive character for protease, amylase, and lipase producing potentials respectively. Others are being still going on and will be publishing in another manuscript. Results as determined systematically will be given in a special catolog.
Formation et croissance par voie plasma d'analogues en laboratoire de poussières d'étoiles : exploration du rôle du rapport C/O et des métaux

La formation des poussieres est un sujet fondamental a la fois pour la physique des plasmas froids et pour l'astrophysique. Ce travail de these, realise a l'interface entre ces deux disciplines, vise a mieux comprendre la formation des poussieres d'etoiles. Le sujet est traite de maniere experimentale dans un plasma et discute dans un cadre elargi aux environnements des etoiles. Nous observons la formation de generations successives de poussieres suite a l'injection pulsee d'hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO : Si2O(CH3)3) dans un plasma radiofrequence asymetrique a couplage capacitif et entretenu dans l'argon. Le precurseur moleculaire utilise contient des elements d'interet pour l'etude des poussieres d'etoiles, tels que carbone, oxygene, silicium et hydrogene. Notre demarche permet de suivre la formation des poussieres dans le milieu plasma, de les collecter, de les caracteriser et de correler les proprietes du plasma et les caracteristiques des poussieres. Nous avons ainsi pu determiner des conditions optimisees pour la formation de poussieres organosiliciees de taille typique de 50 nm. L'un des principaux facteurs affectant la formation des poussieres dans les enveloppes d'etoiles est la variation du rapport C/O qui definit deux familles de poussieres, silicatees (C/O 1). Nous avons donc enrichi le melange Ar/HMDSO en oxygene afin de faire varier le rapport C/O dans le plasma. Au-dela d'une certaine quantite d'oxygene, les poussieres ne se forment plus. L'abondance d'oxygene affecte la formation des germes de nucleation dans la phase gaz en les inhibant. A la place, le depot d'une matrice siliciee est favorise. Le role des metaux est etudie a l'aide de la pulverisation d'une cible d'argent durant la formation des poussieres organosiliciees. Nous avons demontre la synthese de poussieres de structure composite. Elles sont constituees de nanoparticules d'argent cristallines qui s'associent aux poussieres organosiliciees amorphes durant leur phase de croissance. De plus, la presence d'argent s'accompagne d'un large eventail de molecules comprenant des especes contenant de l'Ag et/ou du Si et des especes hydrocarbonees. Ces molecules revelent une chimie complexe autour de trois processus entrant en competition a l'echelle moleculaire : la formation des poussieres impliquant des molecules telles que le SiCH3 ou SiOCH3, des grains metalliques avec des agregats Agn et des molecules aromatiques de grandes tailles comme C16H10, C24H12 dont les chemins de formation impliquent une chimie radicalaire et possiblement organometallique comme suggere par la detection d'especes telles que AgC5H6 et AgC13H8. Ces resultats demontrent l'importance d'approcher la formation des poussieres d'etoiles en tenant compte de toute la complexite chimique de ces milieux.
Optimising dairy milk fatty acid composition.

Publisher Summary Milk is a very complex food of great interest, not least since it is intended to be complete food for young animals. Milk is essentially a complex colloidal system comprising globules of milk fat suspended in an aqueous medium containing lactose, a range of proteins, mineral salts, and water-soluble vitamins. Since the lipids in milk and dairy food products contain relatively large amounts of saturated fatty acids compared with other animal-derived lipids and notably more than lipids in chicken meat, milk, and dairy products make a major contribution to saturated fatty acid intake. It seems likely that concerns about the relationship between diet and chronic disease would continue to increase, not least because of increasing cost to national health services for treating such conditions. This would increase the urgency to improve the health-related aspects of staple foods such as milk. Thus, the future role of animal nutrition in creating foods closer to the optimum composition for long-term human health would become increasingly important. This, however, needs to be done with caution as there is increasing evidence that milk contains compounds that might actively promote long-term health.
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Seed Vigour Potential of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) during Ambient Storage

The experiment was conducted at Department of Seed Science and Technology CCS, Haryana Agriculture University, Hisar, Haryana from 2013-15 and comprised of seventeen treatment combinations of manures (viz., FYM and Vermicompost), bio-fertilizers (viz., Rhizobium and PSB) and fertilizers. The freshly harvested fenugreek seeds of all the seventeen treatment plot combinations were stored in plastic containers under ambient conditions up to a period of eighteen months. Seed quality was assessed at a regular interval of six months. A significant decline in seed quality was observed in all the nutrient combinations as the period of ageing increased. It was observed that the treatment combination of Rhizobium and PSB along with 75% Recommended Dose of Nitrogen (RDN) recorded significantly higher germination % (87.33%), seedling length (24.77 cm), dry weight (7.5 mg), vigour index-I (2163) and vigour index-II (657) followed by PSB with 100% RDN and Rhizobium with 100% RDN after eighteen months of ambient storage as compared to control. The electrical conductivity (333 µS cm-1g-1) was also recorded minimum in the treatment Rhizobium and PSB along with 75% RDN followed by PSB with 100% RDN and Rhizobium with 100% RDN after the period of ambient storage while the maximum was recorded in control. The study highlighted that the slightly reduced dose of inorganic nitrogen was best when applied in combination with bio-fertilizer (Rhizobium+PSB) for maximizing the storage potential of fenugreek seed as compared to the rest of treatments.
A catalogue of chromosome numbers of Indian mammals

Read more and get great! That's what the book enPDFd a catalogue of chromosome numbers of indian mammals record of the zoological survey of india will give for every reader to read this book. This is an on-line book provided in this website. Even this book becomes a choice of someone to read, many in the world also loves it so much. As what we talk, when you read more every page of this a catalogue of chromosome numbers of indian mammals record of the zoological survey of india, what you will obtain is something great.
Longitudinal Studies of Escherichia coli, Campylobacter jejuni, and Salmonella Ssp. in Broiler Chickens Using Automated Ribotyping

Comparisons of bacterial populations over long periods of time allow researchers to identify clonal populations, perhaps those responsible for infection of multiple farms or humans. Salmonella and Campylobacter can cause human illness and our objective was to use a library typing system to track strains that persist in the poultry house and through the processing plant. Two farms, over four consecutive flocks, were studied. Multiple samples were taken of the poultry house environment, feed mill, transport crates, and carcasses in the processing plant. Sample collection on the farm took place on chick placement day, mid-growout, and on processing day. This study found 80.3% of isolates belonged to a single strain of Salmonella Kentucky that persisted in several environmental samples for all flocks, at both farms, from chick placement day to the final product at the plant. Surgical shoe covers produced the majority (n=26) of isolates and processing day yielded the highest recovery (n=68). Additional serotypes were recovered, but the S. Kentucky-positive eggshells and chick mortality appeared to be the source of the organism for both farms given the clonal population.
Influences of Larus gulls and nocturnal environmental condition on Leach's storm-petrel activity patterns at the breeding colony

The risk of predation is perhaps the most serious pressure an animal must contend with during its lifetime. Predation risk has played a strong selective force in many aspects of life history, including the activity patterns of prey species. Leach's Storm-Petrels (Oceanodroma leucothoa) arrive and depart from breeding colonies only at night. Anecdotal reports suggest that storm-petrels return to the colony later on bright nights than on overcast or foggy ones, and that fewer birds are seen at the colony on bright nights. These are considered predator avoidance behaviours as diurnal gulls prey on storm-petrels, especially on bright moonlit nights. -- This study examined the effects of the presence of predators on the activity and parental care patterns at two Leach's Storm-Petrel colonies - one with gulls (Gull Island) and one without (Green Island). Data were collected on storm-petrel flight and vocalization activity, reproductive chronology, chick interfeed interval, and gull activity and predation on Leach's Storm-Petrels. A model gull experiment was conducted on Green Island to determine storm-petrel responsiveness to gulls at this colony. In addition, fledging mass and winglength measurements were collected from five colonies; four in Newfoundland and one in Maine. -- Differences were found in storm-petrel responses to nocturnal environmental condition both between the colonies and between the reproductive phases of incubation and chick rearing. At both colonies, and over the entire reproductive season, storm-petrels arrived and began to vocalize later on bright evenings than on intermediate or dark ones, and under clear versus cloudy or foggy skies. Leach's Storm-Petrels on Gull Island were also quiet on arrival for a longer period than those on Green Island. Once at the colony, the behaviour of the storm-petrels was similar under a variety of nocturnal environmental conditions at Gull and Green Islands, although the storm-petrels at Green Island were apparently less affected by nocturnal environmental condition. Storm-petrels tended to be most affected by nocturnal environmental condition during incubation on Gull Island and during chick rearing on Green Island. The activity of Leach's Storm-Petrels at both colonies was affected by the presence of gulls (model gulls on Green Island). Gulls had a higher level of activity under those conditions that were more conducive to nocturnal hunting (i.e. brighter nights), and more storm-petrel remains were found after bright or moonlit nights. The reproductive season was somewhat attenuated at Gull Island compared to Green Island, and fledging mass and winglength tended to be lower at colonies with gulls, and at larger colonies compared to smaller ones. The results of this study indicate that many factors contribute to the ultimate decision an individual storm-petrel makes to return to and land at the colony: a number of these factors are outlined in a model of offshore, colony, and underlying influences.
Taurine transport: role of extracellular hyperosmolarity, sodium concentration and beta-adrenergic activity in the fetal mouse heart

Taurine is found in high concentrations in the mammalian heart. The mammalian heart s t r i c t ly regulates the level of cardiac taurine. Increased cardiac taurine concentrations have been observed in human and experimental animal heart models. However, the function of cardiac taurine is an enigma. Taurine transport in the fe ta l mouse heart was studied and shown to be chronically regulated by the osmotic environment of the myocardium. A dd itiona lly , a l l taurine transport was found to have an obligatory requirement fo r sodium. At 1 hour transport of [^H]-taurine increased 56 percent in the presence of 80 mosmols additional NaCl. No stimulation occurred with equismolar additions of other osmotic agents: sucrose, L i C l , choline chloride or glucose. At 19 hours a l l of the osmotic agents tested resulted in s ig n if ica n t stimulation of [ H ] t a u r in e transport due to an apparent increse in the V without s ig n if ic an t change in K . Acute m ct X ill hypernatremic and chronic hyperosmotic stimulation was shown to be separate from e-adrenergic regulation of cardiac taurine transport. Studies with ionophores suggest that the Na+-concentration gradient provides the driving force fo r taurine transport. This study demonstrates cardiac taurine to be chronically regulated by the
Prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolates in South African pig population.

Escherichia coli (E. coli) are among the leading bacterial causes of diarrhoea and edema in newborn and weaned pigs. Pathogenic strains of E. coli are classified into enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), enteroaggreagative E. coli (EAEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and diffusely adherent E. coli (DAEC) based on virulence factors. Infection with E. coli is achieved by adherence of fimbrial and/or non-fimbrial adhesins to the intestines and the release of toxins thereafter. The increasing rates of antimicrobial resistance are posing a threat in the treatment of porcine E. coli infections. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of pathogenic Escherichia coli virulence genes and antibiotic sensitivity of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolates from neonatal and post-weaning pigs in Limpopo and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa. For this purpose, 325 rectal swabs were collected from pigs from the Eastern Cape and Limpopo provinces of South Africa to investigate the prevalence of ETEC relative to other E. coli strains. Classical microbiological tests were conducted for confirmation of E. coli and PCR was used for the detection of fimbrial, non-fimbrial adhesins and toxin genes. In addition, antimicrobial susceptibility of ETEC positive isolates was determined by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Of the 325 swabs collected, 303 isolates were identified as E. coli with 67% (205/303) harboring at least one of the tested virulence genes (LT, STa, STb, EAST-1, Stx1, Stx2, Stx2e, VT1, VT2, hlyA, F4, F5, F6, F18, F41, AIDA-1, EAE and PAA) and categorized into 48 pathotypes. A total of 36 (11.9%) isolates was classified as ETEC, having heat-labile (LT) enterotoxin as the most prevalent. Only a single isolate (2.8%) carried fimbriae (F4/F5). Instead, non-fimbrial adhesins PAA, AIDA-1 and EAE were detected. The ETEC positive isolates displayed 47.2%, 38.9% and 36.1% resistance to oxytetracycline, ampicillin and trimetroprim respectively. Most of the ETEC isolates were sensitive to florphenicol (100%), cefotaxime (97.2%) and enrofloxacin (77.8%). Multi-drug resistance was detected in 50% of the isolates. The study demonstrated that there are various E. coli pathotypes in South Africa. The detection of non-fimbrial adhesins reinforces existing knowledge that fimbriae are not the only colonization factors associated with ETEC. Based on the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns observed, florphenicol, cefotaxime and enrofloxacin could be used for the treatment of ETEC infections in South African pigs.
An KI-3 Analysis of Curriculum 2013 on Chemistry Subject at 1st Grade of Senior High School

The content standard has several components, including the level of competence, core competency (KI), basic competency (KD) and the scope of the material. The content standard always changes according to the needs of curriculum to be applied. The purpose of this research is to analyze the formula of KI-3 based on Bloom taxonomic revision. This is one of the basic frameworks in curriculum preparation which starts from the cognitive and knowledge dimensions. The type of this research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques is using library research. The data source used Permendikbud No. 37 of 2018. The formula KI-3 was analyzed based on knowledge activities, types of knowledge and scientific attitudes. The results of KI-3 formulation at 1st grade of senior high school obtained 36 components of KI-3.