Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A low minimum detectable power, high dynamic range, V-Band CMOS millimeter-wave logarithmic power detector

This paper presents a V-Band logarithmic power detector fabricated in 90-nm CMOS technology. The topology of successive detection logarithmic amplifier (SDLA) is adopted for high dynamic range. Instead of using traditional differential limiting amplifiers, millimeter-wave (MMW) amplifiers are applied for the gain cells to achieve the desired performance. A three-stage SDLA test key was implemented. The measured results at 52 GHz show that the dynamic range is 50 dB and the logarithmic errors are within ±1.5 dB. From 50 to 62 GHz, the dynamic range is better than 35 dB, and the logarithmic errors are within ±2 dB. The total power consumption and chip size are 20 mW and 0.66 mm2, respectively. Compared to the previously reported millimeter-wave (MMW) power detectors, the proposed work features a wider dynamic range and reasonably linear logarithmic curve response to RF input power.
Human skeletal remains from the Cave of Hearths, Makapansgat, Northern Transvaal.

A detailed study has been made of the oldest South African Upper Pleistocene hominid remains found in Acheulian context in a well-stratified sealed cave deposit, the Cave of Hearths, Makapansgat, Northern Transvaal. Possibly 55,000 years of age, the remains comprise a juvenile right mandibular body with teeth, and part of a right radius. The mandible is highly robust, markedly prognathous, has a slight to moderate bony chin, an appreciable planum alveolare, a low supraspinous foramen, large alveolar part with big tooth roots, parallel upper and lower borders, a superior transverse torus and poorly developed genial apophysis. The teeth are fairly large, narrow and elongate; M2 is smaller than M1; both molars have a +5 cusp pattern, and the first molar shows moderate taurodontism. There is good evidence that the jaw shows congenital lack of M3: after the Chinese Lantian jaw, this is the second oldest hominid mandible and the first African fossil man with this feature. The radius has a relatively large head atop a disproportionately narrow neck; marked angulation of neck on shaft; and a strongly developed bicipital tubercle. The remains show a cluster of features which ally them with African Neandertaloids and earlier hominids of N.W. Africa. These geographically widespread African remains may represent a transitional population between H. erectus and H. sapiens neanderthalensis. This population has been called by Campbell, this author and others H. sapiens rhodesiensis (after the first-discovered specimen from Broken Hill): to this taxon the Cave of Hearths bones are tentatively assigned.
Cranial modularity and sequence heterochrony in mammals

SUMMARY Heterochrony, the temporal shifting of developmental events relative to each other, requires a degree of autonomy among those processes or structures. Modularity, the division of larger structures or processes into autonomous sets of internally integrated units, is often discussed in relation to the concept of heterochrony. However, the relationship between the developmental modules derived from studies of heterochrony and evolutionary modules, which should be of adaptive importance and relate to the genotype–phenotype map, has not been explicitly studied. I analyzed a series of sectioned and whole cleared‐and‐stained embryological and neonatal specimens, supplemented with published ontogenetic data, to test the hypothesis that bones within the same phenotypic modules, as determined by morphometric analysis, are developmentally integrated and will display coordinated heterochronic shifts across taxa. Modularity was analyzed in cranial bone ossification sequences of 12 therian mammals. A dataset of 12–18 developmental events was used to assess if modularity in developmental sequences corresponds to six phenotypic modules, derived from a recent morphometric analysis of cranial modularity in mammals. Kendall's τ was used to measure rank correlations, with randomization tests for significance. If modularity in developmental sequences corresponds to observed phenotypic modules, bones within a single phenotypic module should show integration of developmental timing, maintaining the same timing of ossification relative to each other, despite differences in overall ossification sequences across taxa. Analyses did not find any significant conservation of developmental timing within the six phenotypic modules, meaning that bones that are highly integrated in adult morphology are not significantly integrated in developmental timing.
An unusual bone dysplasia: parastremmatic dwarfism.

The term parastremmatic dwarfism is suggested for a bone dysplasia characterized by severe dwarfism, kyphoscoliosis, distortion and bowing of the extremities and contractures of the large joints.Roentgenographically the disease is characterized by a combination of decreased bone density, bowing of the long bones, platyspondyly and striking irregularities of endochondral ossification with areas of calcific stippling and streaking in radiolucent epiphyses, metaphyses and apophyses.The disease is inherited as a dominant trait and must be differentiated from other bone dysplasias with similar structural bone changes or kyphoscoliosis, such as the Jansen type of metaphyseal dysostosis, Morquio’s disease, diastrophic dwarfism and metatropic dwarfism.
Roscovitine‐activated HIP2 kinase induces phosphorylation of wt p53 at Ser‐46 in human MCF‐7 breast cancer cells

Human MCF‐7 breast cancer cells are relatively resistant to conventional chemotherapy due to the lack of caspase‐3 activity. We reported recently that roscovitine (ROSC), a potent cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 inhibitor, arrests human MCF‐7 breast cancer cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle and concomitantly induces apoptosis. Exposure of MCF‐7 cells to ROSC also strongly activates the wt p53 tumor suppressor protein in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner. The p53 level increased despite upregulation of Hdm‐2 protein and was attributable to the site‐specific phosphorylation at Ser‐46. The p53 protein phosphorylated at serine 46 causes the up‐regulation of the p53AIP1 protein, a component of mitochondria. In the present study we identified the pathway mediating ROSC‐induced p53 activation. Exposure of MCF‐7 cells to ROSC activated homeodomain‐intereacting protein kinase‐2 (HIPK2). The overexpression of wild‐type but not kinase inactive HIPK2 increased the basal and ROSC‐induced level of p53 phosphorylation at Ser‐46 and strongly enhanced the rate of apoptosis in cells exposed to ROSC. We show that HIPK2 is activated by ROSC and mediates ROSC‐induced P‐Ser‐46‐p53, thereby stabilizing wt p53 and increasing the efficacy of drug‐induced apoptosis in MCF‐7 cells. These results identify HIPK2 as a component of the ROSC‐induced signaling pathway leading to the stabilization and activation of wt p53 protein. J. Cell. Biochem. 100: 865–874, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Resolution enhanced latch comparator

A new low offset and high speed latch comparator is presented. The proposed offset compensation technique enables the preamplifier design relaxation for high-speed and high-resolution analog-to-digital converters. In order to enhance the loop gain of offset cancellation feedback the latch negative resistance is used. The Monte-Carlo simulation results for the designed comparator in 0. 18μm CMOS process show that equivalent input referred offset voltage is 0.2mV at 1 sigma while it was 26mV at 1 sigma before offset cancellation. The comparator operates in 500MHz clock frequency while dissipates 600μW from a 1.8V supply
Reduced replication of 3TC‐resistant HIV‐1 variants in primary cells due to a processivity defect of the reverse transcriptase enzyme.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) variants with resistance mutations in the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene appear during drug therapy with the nucleoside analogue 2′,3′‐dideoxy‐3′‐thiacytidine (3TC). These resistance mutations alter the methionine (Met) residue of the conserved YMDD motif, which is part of the catalytic core of the RT enzyme. Isoleucine (Ile) variants are initially observed, followed by the appearance and eventual outgrowth of viruses encoding valine (Val). Similar replication kinetics were measured for wild‐type and 3TC‐resistant HIV‐1 viruses in tissue culture infections of a T cell line, but we measured reduced polymerase activity for the two mutant RT enzymes compared with the wild‐type enzyme (Ile = 43% and Val = 67%). Gel analysis of the reverse transcription products revealed that both 3TC‐resistant RT mutants produce significantly shorter cDNA molecules than the wild‐type enzyme [Met (wt)>Val>Ile], indicating that 3TC‐resistant RT polymerases are less processive enzymes. Interestingly, these enzyme defects were more pronounced under limiting dNTP concentrations and we therefore assayed virus replication in primary cells that contain relatively low dNTP levels. Under these conditions, we measured significantly reduced replication kinetics for the 3TC‐resistant HIV‐1 variants [Met (wt)>Val>Ile]. If the level of virus replication can be similarly reduced in 3TC‐treated patients that develop drug‐resistant HIV‐1 variants, this may be of considerable clinical benefit.
[Biomarkers in high-grade gliomas: A systematic review].

BACKGROUND Biomarkers are a subcategory of clinical signs that can be measured and reproduced with precision and influence to predict outcome. Tissue, cells, and fluid conform the biological process. Biomarker usefulness is to determine and specify illness predisposition counting with variability and validity. Process systematization can reduce operative costs. To date, four major biomarkers have been described for high-grade gliomas: 1p/19q deletion, O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter mutation, IDH1/IDH2 mutation, and microRNA. In this manuscript we present a systematic review according to the MOOSE protocol to establish the bases to describe the utility of biomarkers in high-grade tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a systematic review of the literature according to the PRISMA and MOOSE guides of all the published data from January 2004 to November 2014 with the key words: "biological markers" and "glioblastoma" that included OR and 95% CI. One researcher performed data extraction and analysis. RESULTS A total of 169 articles were found in three major medical search engines: PubMed (42), Embase (30) and Ovid (96). CONCLUSION Biomarkers are tools designed for early detection of specific illnesses such as high-grade glioma. Lack of methodological standardization slows down the speed of progress.
Neonatal Pain And Preventive Strategies: An Experience In A Tertiary Care Unit.

BACKGROUND Little is known about neonatal pain in Pakistan. So, to know about neonatal pain, its scoring and the effectiveness of oral dextrose in neonatal pain management we carried this study in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of military hospital (MH) Rawalpindi. METHODS This randomized control trial was carried out in NICU of MH, Rawalpindi from Jan to Dec 2013. Total of 252 babies were enrolled in the study. We assessed neonatal pain by using Modified Behavioural Pain Scale (MBPS). Babies were given 10% dextrose and sterile water two minutes before a painful procedure and pain assessment was done after the procedure. The different painful procedures included, heel prick, nasogastric (NG) tube insertion, cannulation, catheterization and venepuncture for blood sampling. RESULTS A total of 252 babies were enrolled in the study. Of these 139 (55%) were male and 113 (45%) were female babies. Painful procedures included heel lancing 120 (48%), I/V cannulations 60 (24%), venepuncture 40 (16%), NG insertion 26 (10%) and Foley catheterization 6 (2%). Mean MBPS score with 10% dextrose and sterile water were 4.31 and 6.26 respectively and the difference between two was significant statically. CONCLUSIONS Oral dextrose is a cheap and easily available solution and can be used in neonatal pain management during various painful procedures.
Multi agent-based DCS with fault diagnosis

The multi agent-based DCS (MADCS) with fault diagnosis function is proposed for the purpose of enhancing both system's flexibility and reliability. Through cooperation among agents, MADCS can diagnose its own state and attempt to recover itself. Commonly, these agents are driven by time or by event, and do not have the same structure. At the same time, the general structure of agent implementation was shown in this paper. To achieve better performance of the fault diagnosis, two models (serial model and parallel model) of data fusion based on multi-sensor are discussed and used in the MADCS.
The curli nucleator protein, CsgB, contains an amyloidogenic domain that directs CsgA polymerization

Curli are functional amyloid fibers assembled by enteric bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. In E. coli, the polymerization of the major curli fiber subunit protein CsgA into an amyloid fiber depends on the minor curli subunit protein, CsgB. The outer membrane-localized CsgB protein shares ≈30% sequence identity with the amyloid-forming protein CsgA, suggesting that CsgB might also have amyloidogenic properties. Here, we characterized the biochemical properties of CsgB and the molecular basis for CsgB-mediated nucleation of CsgA. Deletion analysis revealed that a CsgB molecule missing 19 amino acids from its C terminus (CsgBtrunc) was not outer membrane-associated, but secreted away from the cell. CsgBtrunc was overexpressed and purified from the extracellular milieu of cells as an SDS-soluble, nonaggregated protein. Soluble CsgBtrunc assembled into fibers that bound to the amyloid-specific dyes Congo red and thioflavin-T. CsgBtrunc fibers were able to seed soluble CsgA polymerization in vitro. CsgBtrunc displayed modest nucleator activity in vivo, as demonstrated by its ability to convert extracellular CsgA into an amyloid fiber. Unlike WT CsgB, CsgBtrunc was only able to act as a nucleator when cells were genetically manipulated to secrete higher concentrations of CsgA. This work represents a unique demonstration of functional amyloid nucleation and it suggests an elegant model for how E. coli guides efficient amyloid fiber formation on the cell surface.
View-based underwater SLAM using a stereo camera

This paper proposes an underwater visual simultaneous localization and mapping system using a stereo camera. In front-end, the image data is used to execute feature detection and matching. And the vehicle motion is estimated by the feature matching result. In back-end, a global optimization method represented by a graph, is used to eliminate the errors. The mapping result is in the from 3-D point cloud, which is established by the information from color image and depth image.
X-Linked Thrombocytopenia and Thrombocytopathia: Attenuated Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome

Summary Detailed studies on the rare disorder X-linked thrombocytopenia showed that it resembles the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) in inheritance, clinical bleeding tendency, platelet morphology, marked thrombocytopenia and microplatelets. The calculated platelet mass was 5% of normal. Functional and biochemical studies indicated qualitatively normal aggregation and release mechanisms, whereas a moderate storage pool defect was present. The classical platelet membrane glycoproteins and lymphocyte sialophorin (CD 43) were normal. The reason for the bleeding tendency was concluded to be deficient hemostatic plug formation resulting from the low platelet mass and a moderate storage pool defect. The only clear distinction from WAS was the normal immunofunctional tests, the moderate tendency to infections and the absence of eczema. We therefore consider the trait as an attenuated form of WAS. That women are affected may indicate a particular variant.
[Musculoskeletal pain as the most prominent feature in myotonic dystrophy type 2].

BACKGROUND Myotonic dystrophy type 2/proximal myotonic myopathy (DM 2/PROMM) is an autosomal dominant multisystem disorder characterized by proximal muscle weakness, myotonia and musculoskeletal pain. PATIENTS AND METHODS We describe five patients with DM 2/PROMM in whom musculoskeletal pain was the most prominent feature. We used the McGill Pain Questionnaire for standardized pain assessment. RESULTS The patients reported multiple types of musculoskeletal pain including tenderness, cold-enhanced and exercise-related musculoskeletal pain. Exercise-induced or -enhanced musculoskeletal pain was indicated as the most disabling feature. CONCLUSIONS Myotonic dystrophy type 2 should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses in patients with musculoskeletal pain. Family history and laboratory tests provide critical diagnostic clues.
Overview of ILP Systems

The current paper presents a brief overview of Inductive logic programming (ILP) systems. ILP algorithms are of special interest for machine learning, because most of them offer practical methods for extending the presentations used in algorithms that solve supervised learning tasks. The paper presents major approaches for solving supervised learning task, summarizes their features and classifies systems according different dimensions.
Optimal Asset Allocation under Forward Exponential Performance Criteria

This work presents a novel concept in stochastic optimization, namely, the notion of forward performance. As an application, we analyze a portfolio management problem with exponential criteria. Under minimal model assumptions we explicitly construct the forward performance process and the associated optimal wealth and asset allocations. For various model parameters, we recover a range of investment policies that correspond to distinct financial applications.
Near-infrared emitting fluorescent nanocrystals-labeled natural killer cells as a platform technology for the optical imaging of immunotherapeutic cells-based cancer therapy

This study describes the development of near-infrared optical imaging technology for the monitoring of immunotherapeutic cell-based cancer therapy using natural killer (NK) cells labeled with fluorescent nanocrystals. Although NK cell-based immunotherapeutic strategies have drawn interest as potent preclinical or clinical methods of cancer therapy, there are few reports documenting the molecular imaging of NK cell-based cancer therapy, primarily due to the difficulty of labeling of NK cells with imaging probes. Human natural killer cells (NK92MI) were labeled with anti-human CD56 antibody-coated quantum dots (QD705) for fluorescence imaging. FACS analysis showed that the NK92MI cells labeled with anti-human CD56 antibody-coated QD705 have no effect on the cell viability. The effect of anti-human CD56 antibody-coated QD705 labeling on the NK92MI cell function was investigated by measuring interferon gamma (IFN- γ) production and cytolytic activity. Finally, the NK92MI cells labeled with anti-human CD56 antibody-coated QD705 showed a therapeutic effect similar to that of unlabeled NK92MI cells. Images of intratumorally injected NK92MI cells labeled with anti-human CD56 antibody-coated could be acquired using near-infrared optical imaging both in vivo and in vitro. This result demonstrates that the immunotherapeutic cells labeled with fluorescent nanocrystals can be a versatile platform for the effective tracking of injected therapeutic cells using optical imaging technology, which is very important in cell-based cancer therapies.
Assessing the Effects of Physician-Patient Interactions on the Outcomes of Chronic Disease

Growing interest in the doctor-patient relationship focuses attention on the specific elements of that relationship that affect patients' health outcomes. Data are presented for four clinical trials conducted in varied practice settings among chronically ill patients differing markedly in sociodemographic characteristics. These trials demonstrated that “better health” measured physiologically (blood pressure or blood sugar), behaviorally (functional status), or more subjectively (evaluations of overall health status) was consistently related to specific aspects of physician-patient communication. We conclude that the physician-patient relationship may be an important influence on patients' health outcomes and must be taken into account in light of current changes in the health care delivery system that may place this relationship at risk.
Narrowband and Volterra-Based Behavioral Models of High Frequency Amplifiers

This contribution addresses the problem of finding a simplified but effective high-level representation of non-linear high-frequency systems, specifically amplifiers, which may exhibit considerable underlying complexity at the detailed circuit/device level of implementation. Two approaches are pursued, one being based on conventional narrow¿band representations, but exploring the fact that different such realisations are possible from the same set of measured (or simulated) terminal data, not all of which exhibit comparable accuracy of representation. The second approach is based on a discrete-time Volterra formulation offering considerable generality and improved computational properties.
Detection of SQL Injection Using a Genetic Fuzzy Classifier System

SQL Injection (SQLI) is one of the most popular vulnerabilities of web applications. The consequences of SQL injection attack include the possibility of stealing sensitive information or bypassing authentication procedures. SQL injection attacks have different forms and variations. One difficulty in detecting malicious attacks is that such attacks do not have a specific pattern. A new fuzzy rule-based classification system (FBRCS) can tackle the requirements of the current stage of security measures. This paper proposes a genetic fuzzy system for detection of SQLI where not only the accuracy is a priority, but also the learning and the flexibility of the obtained rules. To create the rules having high generalization capabilities, our algorithm builds on initial rules, data-dependent parameters, and an enhancing function that modifies the rule evaluation measures. The enhancing function helps to assess the candidate rules more effectively based on decision subspace. The proposed system has been evaluated using a number of well-known data sets. Results show a significant enhancement in the detection procedure