Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adjustment of Lactation Number and Stage on Informal Linear Type Traits of Holstein Dairy Cattle

A total of 4,323,781 records for informal 16 primary linear descriptive traits of dairy cows in Holstein breed from 1988 to 2007 in USA were analyzed to estimate adjustment factors for lactation number and stage. While all factors in the model were highly significant (P < 0.01), major influences on linear type traits were due to lactation number and stage. The frequencies of lactation number 1 through 6 were 58.6, 22.0, 11.8, 4.8, 2.1, and 0.8%, respectively. Further, the frequencies of lactation stage were 0.7, 76.9, 15.3, 4.9, and 2.1%, respectively, for springing, early, medium, late, and dry. To adjust 16 linear traits (stature, dairy form, strength, body depth, rump width, rump angle, legs rear view, leg set, foot angle, fore udder, rear udder height, rear udder width, udder support, udder depth, and front teat placement), additive and multiplicative adjustment factors of lactation number (lactations 2 to 4) and stage (springing, medium, late and dry) were estimated with the solutions in the generalized linear model, assigning lactation 1 and stage early as base class. Additive adjustment factors of lactation number ranged from 1.23 to 2.908, while multiplicative factors ranged from 0.853 to 2.207. Further, additive and multiplicative adjustment factors for lactation stage ranged from 0.668 to 0.785, and from 0.891 to 1.154. Application of adjustment factors to 20 randomly sampled sub-data sets produced the results that additive adjustment factors for both lactation number and stage reduced more mean square of lactation number and stage over 16 linear traits than any combination of adjustments, and leaded additive adjustment factors for both lactation number and stage as a choice of methods for adjustment of informal 16 primary linear type traits collected by classifiers of AI studs.
Estresse hídrico e reguladores de crescimento na germinação de sementes de canafístula

Scarified selected seeds of the wood tree species 'canafistula' were submitted to water stress at 27oC, with and without addition of putrescine and spermidine at concentrations of 5 and 10mM and gibberellin 0.1mM. The values of rate and germination percentage of all the experiments indicated that the seeds are resistant to water stress. When putrescine and spermidine were added to the germination media the performance under stress increased significantly. Gibberellin extended the maximal tolerance limit to water stress.
Characteristics of Transglucosylation of Honeybee α-Glucosidase I

Transglucosylation of an α-glucosidase (I) from honeybee was investigated. The honeybee α- glucosidase catalyzed the predominant formation of α-1,4-glucosidic linkage from sucrose, phenyl α-glucoside, or maltose. The major product from sucrose was 4G-a-glucosyl-sucrose (erlose), which differs from the report by Huber and Thompson that 3F-a-glucosyl-sucrose (melezitose) is mainly synthesized from sucrose by the transglucosylation of the same α-glucosidase: Biochemistry, 12, m 4011 (1973). Melezitose was not detected as the transglucosylation product of this enzyme.
Heme Positively Regulates the Expression of β-Globin at the Locus Control Region via the Transcriptional Factor Bach1 in Erythroid Cells*

The transcription factor Bach1 heterodimerizes with small Maf proteins to repress Maf recognition element (MARE)-dependent gene expression. The repressor activity of Bach1 is inhibited by the direct binding of heme. To investigate the involvement of Bach1 in the heme-dependent regulation of the expression of the β-globin gene, mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells were cultured with succinylacetone (SA), a specific inhibitor of heme biosynthesis, and the level of β-globin mRNA was examined. A marked decrease of β-globin mRNA in SA-treated cells was observed, and this decrease was reversed by the addition of hemin. An iron chelator, desferrioxamine, also lowered the level of β-globin mRNA. The heme-dependent expression of β-globin is a transcriptional event since the expression of the human β-globin gene promoter-reporter gene containing the microlocus control region (μLCR) was inhibited when human erythroleukemia K562 cells and MEL cells were cultured with SA. Hemin treatment restored the decrease in promoter activity caused by SA. The control of the μLCR-β-globin promoter reporter gene by heme was dependent on DNase I-hypersensitive site 2 (HS2), which contains MARE. The MARE binding activity of Bach1 in K562 and MEL cells increased upon SA treatment, and the increase was diminished by the treatment with hemin. Transient expression of Bach1 suppressed the μLCR activity, and this repressor activity was cancelled by treatment with hemin. The expression of a mutated Bach1 lacking heme-binding sites led to a loss in the heme responsiveness of the μLCR. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that Bach1 bound to the MARE of HS2 increased by the treatment of MEL cells with SA, and this was cancelled by hemin. We propose that heme positively regulates the β-globin gene expression by blocking the interaction of Bach1 with the MARE in the LCR.
Assessing post-anthesis nitrogen uptake, distribution and utilisation in grain protein synthesis in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) using 15N fertiliser and 15N proteinogenic and non-proteinogenic amino acids

We investigated the effects of nitrogen (N) availability during the vegetative phase on (a) post-anthesis N uptake and (b) its translocation into ears in barley plants grown in a greenhouse at two levels of N: low (50 mg N kg -1 sand) and optimal N supply (150 mg N kg -1 sand). Plants in the two N treatments were fertilised with the same amount of labelled 15 N [50 mg 15 N kg -1 sand at 10% 15 N exc (N excess , i.e. N exc , is defined as the abundance of enriched stable isotope minus the natural abundance of the isotope) applied as 15 NH 4 15 NO 3 ] 10 days after anthesis (daa). In a separate experiment, the uptake and transport into ears of proteinogenic and non-proteinogenic amino acids were studied to determine whether a relationship exists between amino acid transport into ears and their proteinogenic nature. Plants were fed with either 15 N-α-alanine, a proteinogenic amino acid, or 15 N-α-aminoisobutyric acid, a non-proteinogenic amino acid. Both these amino acids were labelled at 95.6% 15 N exc . Results showed that N accumulations in stems, leaves and especially in ears were correlated with their dry matter (dm) weights. The application of 150 mg N kg -1 sand significantly increased plant dm weight and total N accumulation in plants. During their filling period, ears absorbed N from both external (growth substrate) and internal (stored N in plants) sources. Nitrogen concentration in ears was higher in optimal N-fed plants than in low N-fed plants until 10 daa, but from 21 to 35 daa, differences were not detected. Conversely, 15 N exc in ears, leaves and stems was higher in low N-fed plants than in optimal N-fed plants. Ears acted as strong sink organ for the post-anthesis N taken up from the soil independently of pre-anthesis N nutrition: on average, 87% of the N taken up from the soil after anthesis was translocated and accumulated in ears. Low N-fed plants continued to take up N from the post-anthesis N fertiliser during the later grain-filling period. The increase of pre-anthesis N supply rate led to a decrease in the contribution of nitrogen derived from post-anthesis 15 N-labelled fertiliser (N dff ) to total N in all aboveground organs, especially in ears where 44% and 22% of total N originated from post-anthesis N uptake in low N-fed and optimal N-fed plants, respectively. The experiment with labelled amino acids showed that there was greater transport of proteinogenic amino acid into the ear (50% of total 15 N) than non-proteinogenic amino acid (39%). However, this transport of the non-proteinogenic amino acids into ear suggested that the transport of N compounds from source (leaves) to sink organs (ear) might not be intrinsically regulated by their ability to be incorporated into storage protein of ears.
The rediscovery of Rhagomys rufescens (Thomas, 1886), with a morphological redescription and comments on its systematic relationships based on morphological and molecular (cytochrome b) characters

Summary Rhagomys rufescens is one of the rarest species of the South American mammalian fauna. This scarcity has determined a lack of studies on the natural history and systematic relationships of this presumptive Atlantic forest endemic. Here we report on two recently collected specimens of Rhagomys rufescens , redescribing its morphology and discussing its phylogenetic relationships on the basis of Cytochrome b sequence data. Morphological comparisons with selected Atlantic forest species reveal that R. rufescens displays a remarkably divergent set of character states, such as a unique molar design with diagonally projected cusps and an extremely reduced first digit of hindfoot with a nail instead of a claw, resembling an additional plantar pad. These and other morphological features are suggestive of an arboreal habitus and, at least with respect to its molar morphology, a rather insectivorous diet. Molecular analysis did not allow unequivocal allocation of Rhagomys either to the oryzomyine or to the thomasomyine suprageneric assemblages, as a result of its high level of evolutionary divergence. Rhagomys seems to represent a rather divergent lineage with no clear relation to any extant sigmodontine tribe.
Niveles séricos de adipsina durante toda la gestación normal y en preeclampsia

Este trabajo pretende ampliar el conocimiento sobre el comportamiento de la adipsina, en mujeres gestantes sanas y con preeclampsia, e investigar si existe correlacion entre la adipsina y variables antropometricas y metabolicas durante la gestacion. Estudio de casos y controles anidado en una cohorte longitudinal, incluye mujeres gestantes, con control prenatal en el hospital Engativa. Embarazadas sanas (61), con preeclampsia (20). Algunas sanas se siguieron tres meses posparto (20). Sanas durante su ciclo menstrual (n = 20). La adipsina durante la gestacion normal disminuye en comparacion con las pacientes no gestantes (p0,0001), aumenta significativamente en el posparto. Los valores de adipsina en gestantes sanas disminuyen en el segundo trimestre (p0,0001). La adipsina se eleva en el tercer trimestre en pacientes con preeclampsia Vs sanas, (p=0,0620). Se corrobora una disminucion de la activacion del complemento en gestantes sanas. La adipsina serica no seria util para la prediccion de preeclampsia
On the lipoprotein abnormality in type III hyperlipoproteinemia

Abstract Two lipoprotein species were isolated by starch block electrophoresis from the very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) (Sf 20-400) of patients with type III hyperlipoproteinemia. One of these, α2-VLDL, had a content of lipid and protein and physical characteristics similar to VLDL from normal subjects or patients with other forms of hyperglyceridemia. The other species, β-VLDL, contained more cholesterol and less triglyceride in relation to the protein, than normal VLDL. Only the apoprotein of low density lipoprotein was immunochemically detectable in the β-VLDL; the proteins in the α2-VLDL reacted with antisera specific for low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein. The electrophoretic mobility of β-VLDL was similar to that of low density lipoprotein and significantly less than that of α2-VLDL. Isolated β-VLDL had a lesser mean flotation rate than α2-VLDL, but both α2- and β-VLDL were found throughout the Sf 20-400 flotation range. The relative quantities of α2- and β-VLDL could be varied by changing the diet or by heparin administration. Most of the VLDL from type III patients on a high carbohydrate diet was in the α2-VLDL form. During fasting, α2-VLDL fell and β-VLDL increased becoming the predominant species of VLDL. Heparin-induced acceleration of triglyceride clearance also increased β-VLDL and decreased α2-VLDL. These findings suggest a precursor-product relationship between the α2- and β-forms of VLDL.
Effect of dietary supplementation of probiotic on performance and intestinal microflora of Chinese soft‐shelled turtle (Trionyx sinensis)

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary supplementation of probiotic on performance and intestinal microflora of Chinese soft-shelled turtle. Healthy Chinese soft-shelled turtles (6000 pieces with average weight of 5 g) were selected and randomly divided into two groups: control and treatment with three replicates each. The control was fed on normal basal diet, whereas treatment was fed on basal diet supplemented with 1 × 108 cfu.g−1 Bacillus subtilis preparation. The results showed that the final mean weight of treatment (265.84 ± 3.48 g) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of control (240.45 ± 4.32 g). There was significant difference (P < 0.05) in FCR, and DGs were obtained in probiotics fed group as compared to control. The level of sucrase, maltase, amylase, lipase and ATPase of treatment was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of control. Pyrosequencing showed that the dietary supplementation of probiotic Bacillus strain decreased microbial diversity. Phylum Firmicutes was dominant in both groups. Compared with the control, Firmicutes was increased, while others were decreased in treatment group. The results indicated that dietary supplementation of probiotic can improve growth performance, digestibility and intestinal microflora in Chinese soft-shelled turtle.
Effects of xylooligosaccharide on growth of bifidobacteria

キシロオリゴ糖の腸内フローラに及ぼす影響について検討を行うために健康な成人男子を対象に, 毎日1gもしくは2gずつ3週間にわたって摂取させ, 摂取前, 摂取中, 摂取後に採便し, 腸内フローラ, 水分の測定を行った。 その結果, 摂取前に比べ, 摂取中は腸内菌叢に占めるビフィズス菌の割合が有意に増加し, 摂取を中止すると低下することが示された。 また, 便の水分含量は80%へと収斂し, 軟便, 固い便がちょうどよい固さになる傾向を示した。 キシロオリゴ糖摂取量の増加に伴い, 腸内のビフィズス菌も増加したことから, ビフィズス菌の増加は確かにキシロオリゴ糖摂取によるものと考えられた。
Abstract CT194: Exploratory subgroup analysis of atezolizumab (atezo) clinical characteristics in patients (pts) with low circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in B-F1RST—a Phase II trial evaluating blood-based tumor mutational burden (bTMB) in NSCLC

Background B-F1RST (ITT, n = 152) was the first prospective trial to evaluate bTMB as a predictive biomarker in 1L NSCLC. In the biomarker evaluable population (BEP, ctDNA with max somatic allele frequency [MSAF] ≥ 1%), bTMB high (≥ 16) predicted a better overall response rate (ORR) to atezo vs bTMB low ( Methods Baseline characteristics were compared across MSAF Results Baseline factors with imbalances between MSAF groups (P Conclusions Consistent with previous findings regarding low levels of ctDNA, pts with MSAF Citation Format: Mark A. Socinski, Sarah M. Paul, Cindy Yun, Sylvia Hu, Vincent Shen, Vamsidar Velcheti, Tony S. Mok, David R. Gandara, Young Kwang Chae, Erica Schleifman, David A. Fabrizio, David S. Shames, See Phan, Edward S. Kim. Exploratory subgroup analysis of atezolizumab (atezo) clinical characteristics in patients (pts) with low circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in B-F1RST—a Phase II trial evaluating blood-based tumor mutational burden (bTMB) in NSCLC [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr CT194.
Degradation of the nematicide oxamyl under field and laboratory conditions

The persistence of nematicides such as oxamyl can vary greatly in field conditions. The objectives of the present studies were: i) to compare oxamyl degradation in soils with different properties; ii) to quantify and examine the influence of various abiotic factors on oxamyl degradation; iii) to establish the validity of using simulated models to predict the degradation in the field; and iv) to examine if a second application of oxamyl to the same soil 13 or 26 weeks after the first application enhances degradation. The first two studies included field measurements of oxamyl concentration and parallel laboratory incubations. For the field measurements, soils were collected from each of ten potato (Solanum tuberosum) fields in Shropshire, UK, immediately after application of oxamyl on the day of planting and then at weekly intervals for the duration of the two experiments. After each collection, oxamyl was extracted and its concentration determined. For the laboratory incubations, soils were collected from the same ten sites immediately prior to field application and received one application of oxamyl in the laboratory at the same day (day 0). The PERSIST model was then used to predict oxamyl degradation in the field (modelled degradation). Modelled degradation was then compared with the measured degradation up to 91 days (study 1) or 56 days (study 2) after application. In study 3, an extra application of oxamyl to that in the field at day 0 was made in the laboratory at 13 or 26 weeks after application. There were wide variations in the persistence of oxamyl between the ten sites, with the field half-life ranging from 10 to 24 days. Degradation in the field was significantly greater at site 4, where it could not be detected 28 days after application. At other sites, the chemical persisted for 42-63 days and was still detectable at two sites 91 days following application. Soil temperatures had a greater impact on oxamyl degradation than rainfall accounting for up to a maximum of 79% of the variation. The short persistence at site 4 was attributed to the combination of warm and moist conditions in a higher pH soil. The PERSIST model predicted the same rate of decline of oxamyl as actually occurred in the field at only four (sites 5, 6, 7 and 8) sites. At the other sites, degradation in the field occurred at more rapid rates than predicted. This could be as a result of the model not allowing for the movement of nematicide by leaching, or because enhanced degradation of nematicides occurred at these latter sites, or due to a combination of these factors. The wide variation in half-lives and the behaviour of soils after subsequent additions of oxamyl in study 3 were suggestive of complex microbial dynamics even under controlled conditions. Further studies would be required to establish the influence of soil microflora together with that of abiotic parameters on oxamyl degradation.
Avaliação de complexo enzimático e betaína natural em rações para frangos de corte criados em aviário comercial

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of an enzymatic complex composed of protease, xylanase and amylase, associated or not to betaine in diets for broiler chickens on the performance of birds and economical analysis. It was used Cobb 500 male broiler chicks (924) at average initial weight of 45.8 g fed four diets, each one with seven replicates, in a completely randomized design. Each experimental unit had 33 birds. The diets were: control - corn and soybean meal- based rations; enzymes - rations added with enzymes (protease, xylanase and amylase); betaine - rations added with natural betaine; enzymes + betaine - rations added with enzymes and betaine. In the period from 1 to 7 days, the addition of enzymes or betaine into the rations did not influence performance traits. In the period from 1 to 21 days of age, birds fed diets with enzymes + betaine showed lower average feed intake when compared to those diets only with enzymes. However, average weight gain and feed conversion were similar. Diets with enzyme or betaine did not influence performance of the birds compared to control diet. Likewise, in the period from 1 to 35 days, performance of the birds fed diets with enzymes and betaine was similar to the control group. At 41 days of age, broilers fed diets with enzyme or betaine showed performance similar to the control group, so, the additives used had the expected effects. However, combination of the additives did not show the same efficiency. There was no significant influence of diets in the feed cost. Among the evaluated additives, only enzyme and betaine do not affect performance of the birds.
Identification of potentially embryogenic microspores in Brassica napus

Studies were undertaken with Brassica napus L. cv. Topas to identify buds containing microspores predisposed to embryogenesis in vitro and to investigate bud and microspore development in relation to this process. No significant correlation was found between the final embryo number and bud components. There appears to be a developmental window of less than 8 h duration during which microspores are very likely to form embryos: over 70% of the microspores can undergo division and up to 70% of these can form embryos. Embryos were mainly obtained from late uninuucleate to early binucleate microspores: the former contained mainly a G2 or M phase nucleus located at the microspore periphery and the latter a generative nucleus (associated with the intine) and a vegetative nucleus. Observations indicated that only the vegetative nucleus contributed to embryo formation. The first embryogenic division occurred between 8 and 16 h for uninucleate- and between 8 and 48 h for binucleate-derived embryos.
Un modelo integrado de técnicas de aprendizaje de máquinas no supervisadas y ontologías para la detección automática de sentimientos desde una estructura gramatical simple en español

Recientemente el analisis de sentimientos (AS) ha mostrado un alto interes debido a la produccion a gran escala de opiniones por parte de usuarios en la Internet. Las empresas en general, necesitan saber la reputacion que tienen ante sus usuarios en la Web. Hasta ahora, la gran mayoria de trabajos de investigacion involucran sistemas de AS que detectan el sentimiento global de una opinion escrita sobre una frase o un documento completo; estos sistemas resultan a veces incompletos ante la realidad de las organizaciones que quieren saber en detalle el comportamiento de sus productos. Resultados de esa necesidad, existen enfoques de AS dedicados a realizar un analisis mas completo de grano fino, en donde se identifican las caracteristicas o aspectos mas importantes de una opinion para poder determinar el sentimiento de cada uno de los aspectos. Sin embargo, la mayoria de enfoques, no tienen en cuenta el concepto o significado de las palabras en el proceso de identificar los aspectos, por otra parte, se necesita un gran numero de documentos etiquetados manualmente para determinar el sentimiento. Con el fin de dar solucion a estos problemas, este trabajo de tesis doctoral, propone la construccion de un modelo para analizar sentimientos a nivel de aspectos en espanol, que permita extraer automaticamente las caracteristicas de una opinion y determinar el sentimiento (polaridad) asociado. El modelo esta basado en dos tecnicas, la primera se basa en ontologias para deteccion aspectos explicitos e implicitos y la segunda, utiliza el aprendizaje de maquina no supervisado para determinar la polaridad sobre una estructura gramatical simple. Este modelo tiene en cuenta el significado de los aspectos en el momento de extraccion, y es completamente no supervisado, lo que permite implementar un sistema que sea rapidamente escalable a cualquier idioma o dominio. Para la implementacion del modelo, se desarrollo el prototipo AspectSA (elaborado en JAVA), que contiene componentes de software que permiten realizar el analisis de sentimientos a nivel de aspectos en los dominios de restaurante y hoteles. Adicionalmente, este prototipo se valido utilizando un conjunto de experimentos basados en corpus, desarrollados por SemEval 2016 en espanol. Los resultados obtenidos superaron a todos los participantes de SemEval y a los sistemas existentes para el lenguaje espanol.