Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identification of a pathogenicity island required for Salmonella enteropathogenicity

Salmonella spp. interact with ileal mucosa and disrupt normal intestinal function, which results in an acute inflammatory cell influx, fluid secretion and enteritis. We have recently characterized SopB, a novel secreted effector protein of Salmonella dublin, and presented evidence that SopB is translocated into eukaryotic cells via a sip‐dependent pathway to promote fluid secretion and inflammatory responses. Here, we show that sopB is located on a large DNA fragment unique to the Salmonella chromosome. This locus is conserved in Salmonella and maps at approximately 20 centisome of the S. typhimurium chromosome. Sequence analysis revealed that this Salmonella‐specific DNA fragment is flanked by DNA sequences with significant sequence similarity to the Escherichia coli K‐12 genes, tRNA1Ser (serT ) on one side and copS/copR on the other. Thus, this Salmonella‐specific DNA fragment has features characteristic of ‘pathogenicity islands’ and, therefore, it was denoted SPI‐5 (Salmonella pathogenicity island‐5). SPI‐5 was sequenced and was found to contain five novel genes, pipA, pipB, pipC, pipD (pathogenicity island‐encoded proteins) and orfX, in addition to sopB. The effect of mutations in pipA, pipB and pipD on the induction of fluid secretion and an acute inflammatory cell influx was assessed in bovine ligated ileal loops. The effect of mutations in SPI‐5‐encoded genes on systemic salmonellosis was assessed in mice. The results of these experiments suggest that SPI‐5‐encoded genes contribute to enteric but not to systemic salmonellosis.
Aetiology of root canal treatment failure: why well-treated teeth can fail.

LITERATURE REVIEW Root canal treatment usually fails when the treatment is carried out inadequately. However, there are some cases in which the treatment has followed the highest standards yet still results in failure. In most of the cases, the endodontic failure results from persistent or secondary intraradicular infection. Extraradicular infections may also be implicated in the failure of some cases. In addition, it has been claimed that a few cases can fail because of intrinsic or extrinsic nonmicrobial factors. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the aetiology of the failure of root canal treatment, particularly in cases of well-treated root canals. Indications for the treatment of endodontic failures are also discussed.
Increased serum prolactin after administration of synthetic thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) in man.

ABSTRACT Tea normal volunteers received 100 to 800 ug of TRH intravenously. Serum prolactin was measured by a specific radioimmunoassay before and at intervals after TRH administration. Serum prolactin began to rise within 5 minutes and was maximal after 15 to 20 minutes. The mean peak response at 15 minutes was 11 times the fasting level. Serum prolactin had returned to the baseline by 180 minutes. It is concluded that TRH may be closely related to prolactin releasing factors in crude hypothalamic extracts.
A comparison of SNAP II© and bispectral index monitoring in patients undergoing sedation

Clinical signs and patients’ verbal responses have traditionally been used to assess patients’ comfort and the depth of sedation. Recently, level‐of‐consciousness monitors have been used to guide sedation. The SNAP II© is a single‐lead electroencephalogram device that displays a SNAP© Index – a derived value based on both high and low frequency electroencephalogram signals. Much of the current clinical research on monitoring during sedation involves the bispectral index monitor. We compared simultaneous readings recorded by the SNAP II and bispectral index during sedation in 51 consecutive patients undergoing surgery. The anaesthesia team was blinded to the SNAP II and bispectal index values. Concurrent SNAP II and bispectral index readings displayed similarly‐shaped trajectories during sedation, but further studies are needed to establish the routine clinical utility of both these monitors.
Known Content Network (CN) Request-Routing Mechanisms

This document presents a summary of Request-Routing techniques that are used to direct client requests to surrogates based on various policies and a possible set of metrics. The document covers techniques that were commonly used in the industry on or before December 2000. In this memo, the term Request-Routing represents techniques that is commonly called content routing or content redirection. In principle, Request-Routing techniques can be classified under: DNS Request-Routing, Transport-layer Request-Routing, and Application-layer Request-Routing.
La inclusió de l'alumnat amb Trastorn d'Espectre Autista associat a la Síndrome d'Asperger

Título: La inclusió de l'alumnat amb Trastorn d'Espectre Autista associat a la Síndrome d'Asperger. Resumen La diversitat forma part de la realitat de la societat i, l’alumne amb Trastorn d’Espectre Autista derivat de Síndrome d’Asperger presenta una necessitat que nosaltres com a docents, familiars o ciutadans tenim l’obligació de satisfer. Així doncs, hauríem d’actuar seguint el model d’educació inclusiva i sempre pensant que la prioritat és aconseguir un desenvolupament integral de l’alumnat. L’objectiu principal del treball és establir un primer contacte amb alguns experts i centres educatius i esbrinar així, si l’enfocament educatiu que se li dóna al Trastorn d’Espectre Autista és propi de centres inclusius. Palabras clave: Síndrome d’Asperger, educació primària, inclusió, atenció i intervenció.
Screening for Obesity in Children and Adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement

DESCRIPTION: Update of the 2005 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) statement about screening for overweight in children and adolescents. METHODS: The USPSTF examined the evidence for the effectiveness of interventions that are primary care feasible or referable. It also examined the evidence for the magnitude of potential harms of treatment in children and adolescents. RECOMMENDATION. The USPSTF recommends that clinicians screen children aged 6 years and older for obesity and offer them or refer them to intensive counseling and behavioral interventions to promote improvements in weight status (grade B recommendation).
A Distributed Trust Model Based on Reputation Management of Peers for P2P VoD Services

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks are becoming more and more popular in video content delivery services, such as Video on Demand (VoD). Scalability feature of P2P allows a higher number of simultaneous users at a given server load and bandwidth to use stream service. However, the quality of service (QoS) in these networks is difficult to be guaranteed because of the free-riding problem that nodes download the recourses while never uploading recourses, which degrades the performance of P2P VoD networks. In this paper, a distributed trust model is designed to reduce node’s free-riding phenomenon in P2P VoD networks. In this model, the P2P network is abstracted to be a super node hierarchical structure to monitor the reputation of nodes. In order to calculate the reputation of nodes, the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is introduced in this paper. Besides, a distinction algorithm is proposed to distinguish the free-riders and malicious nodes. The free-riders are the nodes which have a low frequency to free-ride. And the malicious nodes have a high frequency to free-ride. The distinction algorithm takes different measures to response to the request of these two kinds of free-riders. The simulation results demonstrate that this proposed trust model can improve QoS effectively in P2P VoD networks.
SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS EFFECT ON ATTITUDES AMONG MILLENNIALS IN SOUTH AFRICA

Online interpersonal interaction and communication has become an important aspect of social activities, especially among Millennials (young adults). However, the African continent has the lowest Internet access across the globe, but the development and rapid adoption of mobile technology has led to a major increase in the usage of Internet and new online Information and Communications Technology (ICT) channels, which are collectively referred to as social media. Social media platforms have become an integral part of everyday life and marketing communications via these digital channels has become one of the latest trends in South Africa (SA). The most commonly used social medium in the world is Facebook, whereas Mxit is the largest locally established online ICT conduit. However, not much is known about Millennials’ attitudes towards social media as an advertising medium. Therefore, several surveys were used to investigate the effect of social media (Facebook and Mxit) marketing communications have on each of the hierarchy response model attitude stages among Millennials in SA. The results confirm that social media marketing communications have a significant influence on all of the hierarchy response model attitude stages, but on a declining degree as South African Millennials progress to the higher stages. Furthermore, the findings also reveal that several online usage and demographic characteristics have a significant influence on attitudes towards these new interactive ICT conduits.
Towards learning movement in dense crowds for a socially-aware mobile robot

Robots moving in a crowd occasionally reach situations where they need to decide whether to give way to a human or not, a situation we call a micro-conflict and model with a two player game. We collect data from a robot controlled by a human operator and use three different supervised learning algorithms (random forest, SVM and neuroevolution) to create a decision maker module which imitates the human operator’s behavior in micro-conflicts. Results show that the neuro-evolution based decision-maker gives the best performance under scenarios with various crowd density and urgency. In addition, we found that the neuroevolution method generalizes better to environments very different from those in the training set.
Quadrupole formula for Kaluza–Klein modes in the braneworld

The quadrupole formula in four-dimensional Einstein gravity is a useful tool to describe gravitational wave radiation. We derive the quadrupole formula for the Kaluza–Klein (KK) modes in the Randall–Sundrum braneworld model. The quadrupole formula provides a transparent representation of the exterior weak gravitational field induced by localized sources. We find that a general isolated dynamical source gives rise to the 1/r2 correction to the leading 1/r gravitational field. We apply the formula to an evaluation of the effective energy carried by the KK modes from the viewpoint of an observer on the brane. Contrary to the ordinary gravitational waves (zero mode), the flux of the induced KK modes by the non-spherical part of the quadrupole moment vanishes at infinity and only the spherical part contributes to the flux. Since the effect of the KK modes appears in the linear order of the metric perturbations, the effective energy flux observed on the brane is not always positive, but can become negative depending on the motion of the localized sources.
Borrelia burgdorferi Infection and Cutaneous Lyme Disease, Mexico

Four patients who had received tick bites while visiting forests in Mexico had skin lesions that met the case definition of erythema migrans, or borrelial lymphocytoma. Clinical diagnosis was supported with histologic, serologic, and molecular tests. This study suggests the Borrelia burgdorferi infection is in Mexico.
H∞ filter design of networked nonlinear systems with communication constraints via T-S fuzzy dynamic models

This paper considers the problem of H∞ filter design for networked nonlinear systems under unreliable communication links with packet dropouts, network-induced delays and quantization, which are three typical network constraints of unreliable transmission. The nonlinear plant in this paper is described by a Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model, and the three important network constraints are treated in a unified framework. A piecewise filter is designed so that the resulting error system is asymptotically stable with guaranteed H∞ performance. Finally, a numerical examples is given to illustrate the procedure of the proposed approach and the filtering performance.
Molecular and Phenotypic Characterization of Genotypic Candida albicans Subgroups and Comparison withCandida dubliniensis and Candida stellatoidea

ABSTRACT There have been increased reports of the isolation of unusual genotypic groups of Candida albicans (groups C and D) based on a well-defined genotypic method; this method uses cellular DNA digested with the EcoRI enzyme and the restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) generated by agarose gel electrophoresis. The aim of the present study was to use additional molecular tools to characterize these unusual strains and to compare them with authentic strains of C. dubliniensis, a recently delineated species, and type I C. stellatoidea. The RFLPs of PCR products generated from the intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS) region did not differentiate among C. albicans genotypes A, B, and C and type I C. stellatoidea. However, this method did differentiate the C. albicans genotype D strains, which were identical to C. dubliniensis. The RFLPs generated by HaeIII digestion of the PCR products of the V3 region of the 25S rRNA gene (rDNA) could differentiate the same groups as RFLP analysis of the PCR amplicon of the ITS region.C. albicans genotype B isolates have been shown to have a transposable intron in the 25S rDNA, whereas genotype A isolates do not; C. dubliniensis strains also have an intron that is larger than that in genotype B C. albicansstrains but that is in the same location. PCR designed to span this region resulted in a single product for C. albicansgenotype A (450 bp), B (840 bp), type 1 C. stellatoidea (840 bp), and C. dubliniensis(1,080 bp), whereas the C. albicans genotype C isolates had two major products (450 and 840 bp). All C. albicans genotype D isolates gave a PCR product identical to that given by C. dubliniensis. These results indicate that those strains previously designated C. albicansgenotype D are in fact C. dubliniensis, that no differences were found between type 1 C. stellatoideaand C. albicans genotype B strains, and that theC. albicans genotype C strains appear to have the transposable intron incompletely inserted throughout the ribosomal repeats in their genomes. The results of the antifungal susceptibility testing of 105 of these strains showed that, for fluconazole, strains of C. dubliniensis were significantly more susceptible than strains of each of the C. albicans genotypes (genotypes A, B, and C). The flucytosine susceptibility results indicated that strains of C. albicans genotype A were significantly less susceptible than either C. albicansgenotype B or C. albicans genotype C strains. These results indicate that there is a correlation between theCandida groups and antifungal susceptibility.
Radiation-induced edge effects in deep submicron CMOS transistors

The study of the TID response of transistors and isolation test structures in a 130 nm commercial CMOS technology has demonstrated its increased radiation tolerance with respect to older technology nodes. While the thin gate oxide of the transistors is extremely tolerant to dose, charge trapping at the edge of the transistor still leads to leakage currents and, for the narrow channel transistors, to significant threshold voltage shift-an effect that we call Radiation Induced Narrow Channel Effect (RINCE).
COMPOSANTS PASSIFS DE L'ÉLECTRONIQUE DE PUISSANCE (magnétiques et capacitifs)

Apres une description du contexte d'utilisation des composants magnetiques et des condensateurs en electronique de puissance, ce document fournit les bases de leur dimensionnement. Sont concernes : les inductances, les transformateurs de puissance, d'impulsion et de courant ainsi que les condensateurs de puissance.
Autocrine amplification of PAF‐acether formation in immunologically activated murine macrophages

When murine macrophages activated in vivo with bacille Calmette‐Guérin were triggered with either acetyl‐CoA or propionyl‐CoA to form PAF‐acether (PAF), similar amounts of platelet‐aggregating product were recovered. Liquid chromatographic purification and reversed‐phase analysis showed that the composition of PAF molecular species formed in the presence of acetyl‐ CoA was an equimolar mixture of PAF bearing Cl 6:0 alkyl chain (57% ± 7, mean ± SD, n = 3) and PAF Cl8:1. The PAF‐like material obtained from the propionyl‐CoA‐ supplemented macrophages was a mixture of the propi‐ onyl analogue of PAF (66% ± 11, n = 3) and native PAF. The rate of lyso‐PAF:acetyl‐CoA acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.67) reaction in a macrophage lysate was similar for either substrate in the presence of an equimolar mixture of propionyl‐CoA and acetyl‐CoA. We conclude that the exogenously added propionyl‐CoA is transferred to lyso‐ PAF acceptor to form propionyl‐PAF by the PAF‐forming acetyltransferase. Propionyl‐PAF triggers the formation of native PAF probably from the endogenous acetyl‐CoA pool. Two specific PAF antagonists, BN 52021 (60 μΜ) and WEB 2086 (3 μΜ), did not influence the rate of PAF synthesis in the presence of either acetyl‐CoA or pro‐ pionyl‐CoA and did not prevent native PAF formation when propionyl‐CoA was added alone, suggesting that the classical PAF receptors are not involved. This is the first description of a possible mechanism of autocrine amplification of PAF biosynthesis in macrophages.
Systemic sclerosis could mask the presentation of psoriasis in a patient with symptomatic and bilateral sacroiliitis

Psoriasis is rarely associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc), and sacroiliitis associated to Connective Tissue Diseases is also rather rare. In this report we describe a case of a young woman with SSc who developed symptomatic and bilateral sacroiliitis. The clinical pattern of sacroiliac involvement of this patient resembles that of psoriatic sacroiliitis. HLA typing was compatible with both SSc and psoriasis. Psoriatic sacroiliitis could not be diagnosed, but, on the basis of these observations, the patient described could represent a case of PsA without psoriasis, and psoriatic cutaneous involvement masked by the presence of SSc.
A physical force may expose Hox genes to express in a morphogenetic density gradient

In both invertebrates and vertebrates, a set of homeobox genes is involved in the primary pattern formation along the anterior—posterior axis of the developing organism. In particular, the genes of the Hox/HOM complex are located in a physical order in the 3′ to 5′ direction of the gene clusters. Furthermore, the vertebrate genes of the Hoxa and Hoxd clusters are expressed following the empirical rules of temporal and spatial collinearities: the genes are expressed one after the other according to their positional order and their domains of expression start anteriorly and move gradually towards more posterior locations along the developmental axis. The mechanism that controls this remarkable expression behaviour remains elusive. A proposed morphogen gradient model could justify the serial gene expression in space and time during vertebrate limb development. It is therefore likely that a morphogen concentration ordering might cause the sequential gene expression. I put forward this hypothesis and explore some possibilities that concentration-dependent physical forces might push the Hoxa,d clusters to an environment where the transcriptional activity of the genes is possible. The suggested mechanisms offer satisfactory concentration resolution for differential gene expression. Some experiments are proposed to test the presence of such forces. The verification of this hypothesis would provide a solution to the interpretation problem of the positional information theory in development. Furthermore, it would broaden our knowledge of how gene transcription can be triggered.
An Improved Nearest Neighbor Data Association Method for Underwater Multi-Target Tracking

Nearest Neighbor (NN) data association method is the most popular and widely used algorithm for target tracking in the presence of clutter, due to its acceptable performance and low computational complexity. Despite of the good performance of this algorithm in single target tracking and even Multi-Target Tracking (MTT) with non-crossing paths scenarios, its performance degrades significantly in the cases of MTT with crossing paths. A new version of this algorithm, Inertial NN (INN) is proposed in this paper. INN uses inertial property of the target motion to make a better estimation of the observation in each time interval. The results of applying the new algorithm to practical STT and MTT with noncrossing paths and also simulated MTT with crossing paths scenarios show a significant improvement in the performance and robustnessity in different situations with a slight increase in the complexity. Because of the considerable improvements of INN, it is strongly suggested to be used instead of its former version in both single and multi target tracking with crossing or non-crossing paths. Although the dependence of INN to the inertial property of the target motion made it suitable for underwater target tracking, it is also applicable for other scenarios such as radar, speech processing, and etc.
Pulmonary embolism: diagnosis with spiral CT and ventilation-perfusion scanning--correlation with pulmonary angiographic results or clinical outcome.

PURPOSE To compare the accuracy of spiral computed tomography (CT) with that of ventilation-perfusion (V-P) scintigraphy in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-four patients in whom indeterminate V-P scans or discordant clinical and scintigraphic results were obtained underwent both V-P scanning and contrast material-enhanced spiral CT. The reference standard was pulmonary angiographic results in 26 patients (group I) or clinical outcome in 28 (group II). RESULTS Six (25%) of 24 group I patients had proved PE. The prospective sensitivity and specificity for segmental or subsegmental PE were 67% and 100%, respectively, and the positive and negative predictive values were 100% and 90%, respectively. In two group II patients, V-P scans had high probability for acute embolism, but spiral CT scans showed only chronic PE; in one patients, the V-P scan had low probability and the CT scan was positive for acute PE. An alternative CT diagnosis was established in four (31%) of 13 patients in whom a normal or low-probability V-P scan was obtained. Clinical outcome was consistent with spiral CT results in all cases. CONCLUSION Spiral CT has greater accuracy and specificity than V-P scanning in patients with an unresolved diagnosis and may be useful as the primary screening technique for PE.