Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Secreted inhibitors of metalloproteinases (IMPs) that are distinct from TIMP.

The tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP, M(r) 30,000) is secreted by many cell and tissue types and has been shown to inhibit most secreted mammalian metalloproteinases. In matrix and tissue invasion assays, the inactivation or removal of TIMP enhances invasiveness. However, many of the cells that secrete TIMP also secrete other metalloproteinase inhibitors. By analysis of medium conditioned by various endothelial, mesenchymal, and neural cells on SDS-. substrate-polyacrylamide-inhibitor gels (reverse zymograms), we have detected at least three other distinct inhibitors of metalloproteinases (IMPs). Some or all of these IMPs have been detected in secretions of mouse, rabbit, sheep, and human cells and are all smaller in apparent molecular size than TIMP (IMP-1, M(r) 26,000; IMP-2, M(r) 21,000; IMP-3, M(r) 18,000). These IMPs are not proteolytic degradation products of TIMP nor do they represent nonglycosylated TIMP. The IMPs do not cross-react in the native or denatured state with any of several anti-TIMP antibodies. The IMPs appear to be regulated independently of each other and of TIMP. In vitro, the complex consisting of one of the IMPs, or TIMP, and a metalloproteinase can be dissociated into functional inhibitor and metalloproteinase. Whether this characteristic is significant in vivo is not known. IMP-2 has been purified from several sources and shares sequence homology with TIMP, suggesting that the IMPs and TIMP may constitute a gene family. The most significant characteristic of IMP-2 is that it appears to preferentially inhibit, on a mole:mole basis, the M(r) 68,000 gelatinase rather than collagenase or stromelysin. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Generation and Transmission of OAM-Carrying Vortex Beams Using Circular Antenna Array

Electromagnetic orbital angular momentum (OAM) has attracted a lot of interest recently in the field of communication systems. OAM-carrying radio beams can be generated and detected by several devices. In this paper, we use a circular phased antenna array to generate OAM-carrying beams that possess ring-shaped intensities and helical phase fronts. We also propose and validate a communication system that uses OAM-based multiplexing. A circular antenna array is used to generate the superimposed OAMmode by using appropriate excitation settings. The transmission characteristics of OAM modes with respect to different transmission distances are investigated. We find that the OAM-based multiplexing technology is only feasible within a certain distance range. The obtained experimental results are consistent with simulation and numerical calculation results.
JAN RADIMSKÝ: VERBO-NOMINÁLNÍ PREDIKÁT S KATEGORIÁLNÍM SLOVESEM

JAN RADIMSKÝ: VERBO-NOMINALNI PREDIKAT S KATEGORIALNIM SLOVESEM. Editio Universitatis Bohemiae Meridionalis, Ceske Budějovice 2010, 216 s. , ISBN 978-80-7394-227-4
Control de líneas de espera a tiempo discreto con costo descontado total esperado

Un problema de lineas de espera controladas a tiempo discreto, con espacio finito de estados y con espacio finito de acciones se aproxima por medio de aproximaciones sucesivas. El metodo de programacion dinamica nos proporciona la solucion a los problemas de cadenas de decision de Markov a tiempo discreto y con espacio finito de estados. En particular, sea el criterio de costo descontado total esperado para resolver el problema de interes por medio de programacion dinamica utilizando iteracion de valores y haciendo uso de la herramienta de excel para realizar los calculos.
A review on the incidence, interaction, and future perspective on Zika virus

Zika virus (ZIKV) belongs to the family Flaviviridae and genus Flavivirus. It is a single-stranded positive-sense ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus, has its origin traced to Zika forest in Uganda. Its infection leads to ZIKV fever, characterized by arthralgia, myalgia, rash, conjunctivitis, and asthenia. Clinical presentation of the infection is nonspecific and may often be confused with symptoms of other flaviviral diseases (dengue, West Nile [WN], and chikungunya). Recently, ZIKV has been associated with congenital malformations and neurological complications such as microcephaly and Guillain-Barre′ syndrome. The viral tropism revealed an infection of the skin fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and immature dendritic cells through enhanced expression of dendritic cell-specific intracellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing nonintegrin or anexelecto (Greekword: ′uncontrolled′) and tyrosine protein kinase receptor 3 systems. Silencing of T-cell immunoglobulin (Ig) and mucin domain 1 (TIM-1) and AXL RNAs has shown blockage of viral entry through their anti-TIM-1 and anti-AXL antibodies, hence serving as a potential target for ZIKV drug development. Biotechnological approaches targeted toward ZIKV vector control include the development of transgenic mosquitoes to disrupt the genome pool of wild strains and use of an endosymbiotic bacterium to prevent replication of arboviruses within its vector. Other approaches include the use of gene drive and exploration of the genetic redundancy to disrupt the receptors used by the virus to gain entry into its host. It is also imperative to explore the modality through which neutralizing antibodies block this viral infection as this may prove as a potential target to arrest the viral life cycle.
A simple device to increase rates of compliance in maintaining 30-degree head-of-bed elevation in ventilated patients

Objective:To determine whether a highly visible device that clearly indicates whether the head-of-bed is adequately elevated would increase rates of compliance with head-of-bed elevation guidelines. Design:A prospective, single-center, multi-unit, two-phase study. Setting:Surgical, thoracic, trauma, and medical intensive care units. Patients:Cohort of intubated patients. Interventions:A 4-wk trial was performed. At the onset of the trial, nurses were reminded to maintain head-of-bed elevation >30 degrees. Over the subsequent 2 wks, head-of-bed elevations of intubated patient beds were measured. An Angle Indicator, designed to clearly display whether the head-of-bed was adequately elevated, was then placed on side rails of beds of ventilated patients, and head-of-bed elevation measurements were taken for an additional 2 wks. A survey was then handed out to nursing staff to assess satisfaction with the device. Measurements and Main Results:A total of 268 bed measurements were made. The average head-of-bed elevation was 21.8 degrees on beds without the device (n = 166) and 30.9 degrees on beds with the device (n = 102; p < .005). When compliance is defined as a bed angle of ≥28 degrees, 23% of beds without the device were compliant while 71.5% of the beds with the device were compliant. The relative risk and odds ratio of having the device on a compliant bed were 2.2 and 9.25, respectively (p < .005). Seventy-two percent of nurses surveyed (n = 32) found it to be an improvement over existing methods, 88% found it helpful, and 84% would like it routinely used. Conclusions:The Angle Indicator improved rates of adherence to bed-elevation guidelines, and hospital staff found it helpful.
Predictive Lane Detection by Interaction with Digital Road Map

This paper presents a robust hybrid approach to Predictive Lane Detection - PLD, which utilizes information from digital map to improve efficiency and accuracy to vision-based lane detector. Traditional approaches are mostly designed for well maintained and simple road conditions like motorway or interstate road with clear lane markers, to solve out the estimation problems of coming road shape as well as vehicle's position and ego-state, which however becomes ambiguous or unavailable in the complicated road environment and under difficult weather or illumination conditions. In this paper, the proposed approach refers to vehicle localization on digital map for road geometry estimation, which gives strong cues for vision-based detector to limit the search region of road candidates and suppress noise. In addition, other information from digital map like lane marker painting color and categories is utilized in the high level of data fusion on road geometry estimation. Real and synthesized road experiment results verified the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach.
A unique role for enhancers is revealed during early mouse development

Transcription and replication of genes in mammalian cells always requires a promoter or replication origin, respectively, but the ability of enhancers to stimulate these regulatory elements and the interactions that mediate this stimulation are developmentally acquired. The primary function of enhancers is to prevent repression, which appears to result from particular components of chromatin structure. Factors responsible for this repression are present in the maternal nucleus of oocytes and its descendant, the maternal pronucleus of mouse 1‐cell embryos and in mouse 2‐cell embryos, but are absent in the paternal pronucleus. Thus, enhancers are not needed to achieve efficient transcription and replication in paternal pronuclei. However, enhancers, even in the presence of their specific activation protein, are inactive prior to formation of a 2‐cell embryo, suggesting that a coactivator essential for enhancer function is not available until zygotic gene expression begins. Furthermore, enhancer stimulation of transcription appears to be mediated through a promoter transcription factor, but this interaction can change as cells undergo differentiation, switching from a TATA‐box independent to a TATA‐box dependent mode.
Does Conservative Treatment Change the Brain in Patients with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain? A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND Chronic musculoskeletal pain is characterized by maladaptive central neuroplastic changes. Many observational studies have demonstrated that chronic pain states are associated with brain alterations regarding structure and/or function. Rehabilitation of patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain may include cognitive, exercise, or multimodal therapies. OBJECTIVE The current review aims to provide a constructive overview of the existing literature reporting neural correlates, based on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, following conservative treatment in chronic musculoskeletal pain patients. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review of the literature. SETTING University medical centers in Belgium. METHODS The current review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Literature was searched from 3 databases and screened for eligibility. Methodological quality across studies was assessed with Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias and quality of evidence was determined applying the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. RESULTS A total of 9 eligible studies were identified with a predominant high risk of bias. Cognitive behavioral therapy induced several structural and functional changes predominantly in prefrontal cortical regions and a shift from affective to sensory-discriminative brain activity after behavioral extinction training. Multidisciplinary treatment in pediatric complex regional pain syndrome facilitated normalization of functional connectivity of resting-state networks and the amygdala, and increased gray matter in prefrontal and specific subcortical areas. Exercise therapy led to specific for resting-state functional connectivity and a trend towards pressure-induced brain activity changes. LIMITATIONS A very small number of studies was available, which furthermore exhibited small study samples. Moreover, only 2 of the included studies were randomized controlled trials. CONCLUSIONS It is likely that conservative treatments may induce mainly functional and structural brain changes in prefrontal regions in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Due to the relatively high risk of bias across the included studies, future studies with randomized designs are needed to confirm the current findings. In addition, more research evaluating the treatment-induced effects on white matter and whole-brain network dynamics are warranted.Key words: Chronic pain, musculoskeletal pain, MRI, functional MRI, therapy, rehabilitation, cognitive behavioral therapy, exercise therapy.
Cuticular lipid differences between the malaria vector and non‐vector forms of the Anopheles maculatus complex

Abstract. Two chromosomal forms (E and F) of the Anopheles maculatus Theobald complex were distinguished by gas–liquid chromatographic (GC) analysis of cuticular lipids in association with a multivariate principal component analysis. The GC chromatogram obtained from n‐hexane extracts of individual specimens showed no consistent qualitative differences in normalized peak areas between forms. Of the seventeen consistent peaks, five were found to be quantitatively different between forms at a high (99.5–99.95%) level of statistical confidence. Relative ratios of these five quantitatively different GC peaks were used as criteria to distinguish single specimens as either form E or form F.
Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria: Occurrence, mechanisms and their role in crop production

Plants acquire phosphorus from soil solution as phosphate anion. It is the least mobile element in plant and soil contrary to other macronutrients. It precipitates in soil as orthophosphate or is absorbed by Fe and Al oxides through legend exchange. Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria play role in phosphorus nutrition by enhancing its availability to plants through release from inorganic and organic soil P pools by solubilization and mineralization. Principal mechanism in soil for mineral phosphate solubilization is lowering of soil pH by microbial production of organic acids and mineralization of organic P by acid phosphatase. Use of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria as inoculants increases P uptake. These bacteria also increase prospects of using phosphatic rocks in crop production. Greater efficiency of P solubilizing bacteria has been shown through co-inoculation with other beneficial bacteria and mycorrhiza. This article incorporates the recent developments on microbial P solubilization into classical knowledge on the subject.
The Photorespiratory Metabolite 2-Phosphoglycolate Regulates Photosynthesis and Starch Accumulation in Arabidopsis

The photorespiratory metabolite 2-phosphoglycolate is central in a control loop that regulates photosynthetic CO2 fixation and starch accumulation in response to changes in the environment. The Calvin-Benson cycle and its photorespiratory repair shunt are in charge of nearly all biological CO2 fixation on Earth. They interact functionally and via shared carbon flow on several levels including common metabolites, transcriptional regulation, and response to environmental changes. 2-Phosphoglycolate (2PG) is one of the shared metabolites and produced in large amounts by oxidative damage of the CO2 acceptor molecule ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate. It was anticipated early on, although never proven, that 2PG could also be a regulatory metabolite that modulates central carbon metabolism by inhibition of triose-phosphate isomerase. Here, we examined this hypothesis using transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana lines with varying activities of the 2PG-degrading enzyme, 2PG phosphatase, and analyzing the impact of this intervention on operation of the Calvin-Benson cycle and other central pathways, leaf carbohydrate metabolism, photosynthetic gas exchange, and growth. Our results demonstrate that 2PG feeds back on the Calvin-Benson cycle. It also alters the allocation of photosynthates between ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate regeneration and starch synthesis. 2PG mechanistically achieves this by inhibiting the Calvin-Benson cycle enzymes triose-phosphate isomerase and sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate phosphatase. We suggest this may represent one of the control loops that sense the ratio of photorespiratory to photosynthetic carbon flux and in turn adjusts stomatal conductance, photosynthetic CO2 and photorespiratory O2 fixation, and starch synthesis in response to changes in the environment.
Ki-1/57 Interacts with RACK1 and Is a Substrate for the Phosphorylation by Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate-activated Protein Kinase C*

Ki-1/57, the 57-kDa human protein antigen recognized by the CD30 antibody Ki-1, is a cytoplasmic and nuclear protein that is phosphorylated on serine and threonine residues. When isolated from the Hodgkin's lymphoma analogous cell line L540 Ki-1/57 co-immunoprecipitated with a Thr/Ser protein kinase activity. It has been also found to interact with hyaluronic acid and has therefore been termed intracellular IHABP4 (hyaluronan-binding protein 4). Recent studies demonstrated, however, that Ki-1/57 engages in specific interaction with the chromo-helicase-DNA-binding domain protein 3, a nuclear protein involved in chromatin remodeling and transcription regulation. We used the yeast two-hybrid system to find proteins interacting with Ki-1/57 and identified the adaptor protein RACK1 (receptor of activated kinase 1). Next, we confirmed this interaction in vitro and in vivo, performed detailed mapping studies of the interaction sites of Ki-1/57 and RACK-1, and demonstrated that Ki-1/57 also co-precipitates with protein kinase C (PKC) when isolated from phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-activated L540 tumor cells and is a substrate for PKC phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, the interaction of Ki-1/57 with RACK1 is abolished upon activation of L540 cells with PMA, which results in the phosphorylation of Ki-1/57 and its exit from the nucleus. Taken together, our data suggest that Ki-1/57 forms a stable complex with RACK-1 in unstimulated cells and upon PMA stimulation gets phosphorylated on threonine residues located at its extreme C terminus. These events associate Ki-1/57 with the RACK1/PKC pathway and may be important for the regulation of its cellular functions.
Absence of toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in the donor organ reduces ischemia and reperfusion injury in a murine liver transplantation model

This study analyzes how toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling in the donor organ affects the ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) sequel following liver transplantation. Isogenic orthotopic liver transplantations (OLTs) with rearterialization were performed in groups of wild‐type (WT) and TLR4 knockout (KO) mice after donor liver preservation in University of Wisconsin solution at 4°C for 24 hours. Unlike WT OLTs, TLR4‐deficient OLTs transplanted to either WT or TLR4 KO recipients suffered significantly less hepatocellular damage, as evidenced by serum alanine aminotransferase levels, and histological Suzuki's grading of liver IRI. Disruption of TLR4 signaling in OLTs decreased local neutrophil sequestration, CD4+ T cell infiltration, interferon (IFN)‐γ‐inducible protein 10 (CXCL10) and an intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM‐1), as well as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐2, and IFN‐γ, yet increased IL‐4 and IL‐10 expression. The well‐functioning OLTs from TLR4 KO donors revealed attenuated activity of capase‐3, and enhanced heme oygenase‐1 (HO‐1) expression, along with decreased levels of apoptotic endothelial cells/hepatocytes, as compared with WT OLTs with intact TLR4 signaling. Thus, the functional sentinel TLR4 complex in the donor organ plays a key role in the mechanism of hepatic IRI after OLT. Disruption of TLR4 pathway downregulated the early proinflammatory responses and ameliorated hepatic IRI. These results provide the rationale to locally modify innate TLR4 signaling in the donor organ to more efficiently control the adaptive posttransplantation IRI‐dependent responses. Liver Transpl 13:1435–1443, 2007. © 2007 AASLD.
Filaggrin and Periostin Expression is Altered in Eosinophilic Esophagitis and Normalized with Treatment.

OBJECTIVES Previous data have suggested that filaggrin (FLG) and periostin (POSTN) genes may be dysregulated in eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). We aimed to further evaluate the expression patterns of FLG and POSTN proteins in esophageal tissue samples of patients with EoE, as compared to those of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and normal controls. METHODS A total of 61 prospectively collected cases, including 40 children with EoE and 21 children with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and a control group of 14 sex and age-matched healthy children were enrolled. Patients with EoE were treated with skin testing-driven elimination diet and/or corticosteroids. The immunohistochemical expression of FLG and POSTN was evaluated in esophageal biopsies obtained from patients and controls, and the results were correlated with EoE-related clinicopathological parameters. RESULTS Positive FLG and negative POSTN staining were observed in all esophageal biopsies from normal controls. In contrast, FLG and POSTN stained negative and positive, respectively, in all pretreatment biopsies obtained from patients with EoE, while FLG and POSTN stained positive in 57.1% and 95.2% of GERD cases, respectively (p < 0.001). A statistically significant decrease of the proportion of cases with negative FLG and positive POSTN staining was observed from the first (pre-treatment) to the second (post-treatment) biopsy in the subgroup of patients with EoE (p < 0.001 in both correlations). CONCLUSIONS FLG and POSTN expression may be downregulated and upregulated, respectively, in the esophageal mucosa of patients with active EoE, and these changes may be restored with treatment in a significant percentage of cases.
An examination of the prevalence of acute pain for hospitalised adult patients: a systematic review.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVE Aims of the review were to establish the prevalence of acute pain for adults in hospital, to identify the amount of severe or unacceptable pain reported and to examine the prevalence of acute pain within medical units. BACKGROUND Acute Pain Services have been established in the United Kingdom (UK) to improve pain management within surgical settings. Acute pain is a common symptom across all hospital settings. However, medical settings have traditionally been considered low risk for acute pain and have therefore not always been included in the provision provided by APS. As a result 82% of APS surveyed in the UK felt that pain management was suboptimal on medical units. DESIGN AND METHOD This review follows the process of a systematic review. RESULTS Hospital-wide pain prevalence obtained ranged from 37·7-84%, severe pain prevalence ranged from 9-36%. The papers reviewed were of variable quality and heterogeneous resulting in the wide range of pain prevalence. Higher prevalence of pain was found for surgical patients compared to medical patients, although up to 55% of medical patients' reported pain. CONCLUSION It is difficult to determine a definite prevalence of pain for adults in hospital due to the variability of the studies examined. However, pain does remain a significant symptom with up to 35% of patients reporting severe pain and approximately 50% of medical patient reported pain. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Awareness of the extent of pain as a problem for patients is the first step to improving practice. This review has demonstrated that there is a need for similar Acute Pain Teams and services for the staff and patients admitted to all areas of the hospital, including medical units to help clinicians assess and treat pain in all areas of a hospital setting.