Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Response of Groundwater Storage and Recharge in the Qaidam Basin (Tibetan Plateau) to Climate Variations From 2002 to 2016

Groundwater (GW) and recharge as the main drivers of the water budget are challenging to quantify due to the complexity of hydrological processes and limited observations. Understanding these processes in relation to climate is crucial for evaluating future water availability of Tibetan Plateau. By computing storage changes in Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment terrestrial water storage and Global Land Surface Data Assimilation System land surface state variables and water balance approach, we calculated GW storage changes and recharges. In the Qaidam Basin (northern Tibetan Plateau), terrestrial water storage from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment revealed a significant increasing trend of 25.5 mm/year during 2002–2012. However, an obviously turning point was found around 2012 and terrestrial water storage revealed a significant decreasing rate of 37.9 mm/year during 2013–2016. Similarly, GW (recharge) had a significant increasing trend of 21.2 (4.5) mm/year before 2012 and a decreasing rate of 32.1 (10.9) mm/year after 2012. Domain‐averaged difference (P‐ET) between precipitation (P) and evapotranspiration (ET) also exhibited an increasing trend of 4.4 mm/year during 2002–2012 and a decreasing rate of 9.0 mm/year during 2013–2016. Precipitation followed dissimilar pattern with an increasing rate of 5.3 mm/year during 2002–2012 while no significant trend during 2013–2016. However, ET had a consistent increasing trend over the basin during the past 15 years (0.9 mm/year before 2012 and 9.0 mm/year thereafter). This study concluded that GW amount and distribution is mainly controlled by precipitation and ET. Decrease in precipitation at high elevations and increase in ET may impact future groundwater availability in this region.
Towards a subsurface predictive-model environment to simulate aquifer thermal energy storage for demand-side management applications

Considering that coupling electrically-driven heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems with thermal energy storage (TES) in buildings is seen as a promising tool for demand-side management (DSM) in the low-voltage grid, we propose to study high and low temperature aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) for DSM applications and to improve the overall energy efficiency of an open-loop geothermal system connected to a building and a smart-grid. To do so, we present a detailed review of short-term ATES experiments conducted in alluvial aquifers of Belgium with the scope of defining the best prior information to design and construct a predictive-model environment to simulate subsurface ATES scenarios at different DSM frequencies: real time, intraday, interday, and interseasonal. This environment is built upon HydroGeoSphere (HGS): a three-dimensional numerical model describing fully-integrated subsurface and surface flow and solute and heat transport inside porous and fractured media. We focused on shallow and alluvial aquifers by summarizing the key parameters from several study sites of Wallonia (Belgium). The predictive-model environment is built in Matlab and allows to easily adapt the subsurface model to a specific alluvial aquifer as well as to predict any specific responses of the aquifer linked to energy storage and recovery cycles.
Closure of the Colomac Mine tailings containment area

This paper presents the closure of the Colomac Mine tailings containment area (TCA). When the Colomac mine site reverted to Indian and Northern Affairs (INAC) in 1999, the Department faced significant environmental challenges, the most pressing of which were the management of contaminated water and tailings within the TCA. Emergency measures were required to protect local and downstream environments while suitable remediation technologies were developed. Additional controls were implemented to control windblown tailings and prevent direct exposure of tailings water and solids to caribou and moose. The paper will discuss the risks, remedial approaches and performance monitoring implemented over the project life.
Enhanced presalt imaging using iterative least-squares migration: A case study in Santos basin, Brazil

Imaging technologies such as Kirchhoff Migration and Reverse Time Migration (RTM) provide a level of seismic resolution that suit the industry’s expectation of capturing hydrocarbon reservoirs and outlining prospects. Over the last few years, Least-Squares Migration (LSM) has become the new standard in high-end seismic imaging, providing a higher level of granularity necessary for prospect risk mitigation, reservoir characterization and well planning. In this case study, we present the advantages of using an iterative LSM for imaging and interpretation of presalt reservoirs of the Buzios Field in Santos Basin, offshore Brazil.
Introduccion al conocimiento bioclimatico, fitogeografico y fitosociologico del suroeste de norteamerica (estados unidos y mexico)

Se realiza un estudio bioclimatico, fitogeografico y fitosociologico del suroeste de norteamerica. Se reconocen ocho pisos bioclimaticos, seis de caracter mediterraneo y dos de caracter tropical en la zona californiana, principalmente de baja california. Se realiza ademas una caracterizacion fitogeografica del territorio dentro del cual se reconocen dos reinos, tres regiones, diez provincias y dieciseis sectores y una caracterizacion fitogeografica basada en las comunidades vegetales y en el area de distribucion de sus 561 taxones endemicos. Se aporta un catalogo floristico compuesto por 2.250 taxones, para los cuales se ofrecen datos bioclimaticos, fitogeograficos y fitosociologicos. El trabajo fitosociologico contiene 153 sintaxones repartidos en 9 clases (7 nuevas para la ciencia) 18 ordenes (16 nuevos para la ciencia) 39 alianzas y 87 asociaciones (86 nuevas para la ciencia).
Las comunidades suprabentónicas submareales de la ria de la coruña y plataforma continental adyacente (nw península ibérica)

Se ha realizado un estudio anual de las comunidad suprabentonicas submareales que habitan en la Ria de La Coruna y en la plataforma continental adyacente (NO de la Peninsula Iberica). Durante el dia se muestreo la fauna suprabentonica mediante un equipo que permitio el muestreo cuantitativo de la citada fauna en dos capas de agua de 0 a 50 cm, y de 50 a 75 cm sobre el fondo marino. Paralelamente se realizo un estudio minucioso y exhaustivo de las diferentes caracteristicas del sedimento de cada una de las estaciones muestreadas. Al finalizar el trabajo se ha podido determinar la estructura de las comunidades suprabentonicas submareales de las zonas estudiadas, mediante los indices ecologicos de riqueza especifica, densidad, diversidad y equitatividad. Mediante analisis multivariantes se ha determinado la variabilidad espacial y el efecto de las variables ambientales sobre las citadas comunidades. Una de las conclusiones mas importantes es que en la ria de La Coruna la composicion especifica y la distribucion espacial permiten distingir una unica comunidad suprabentonica asociada a los fondos de arenas finas, y la posible existencia de otra comunidad diferente en la zona fangosa del puerto. Por otro lado, en la plataforma adyacente a la ria de La Coruna se diferencian una comunidad situada en la plataforma propiamente dicha, y otra en el inicio del talud. En el caso de la ria, la distribucion de la fauna suprabentonica estaria relacionada con la naturaleza del sedimento, mientras que el factor que mas influye en la distribucion de la fauna en la plataforma seria la batimetria. El caracter oceanico que presenta la ria ha permitido la aparicion, en su parte mas interna, de especies tipicamente oceanicas, como los misidaceos: Schistomysis kervillei, Schistomysis spiritus, Acanthomysis longicornis y Siriella armata, los antipodos: Megalucorpus agilis y Atylus swammerdami y el cumaceo Pseudocumma longicornis. La evolucion temporal de las comunidades suprabentonicas estudiada en la ria de La Coruna durante un ano, se caracteriza por la existencia de dos maximos, uno en primavera y otono debido a la presencia de misidaceos, y otro en verano debido a los antipodos. El valor de la densidad en enero fue extraordinariamente elevado debido a la gran abundancia del misidaceo Mesopodopsis slabberi. Los resultados de este estudio proporcionan nueva informacion sobre la composicion faunistica de las comunidades suprabentonicas de las rias y plataforma gallegas.
Spatial Distribution and Temporal Change of Extreme Precipitation Events on the Koshi Basin of Nepal

Climate change, particularly at South Asia region is having a huge impact on precipitation patterns, its intensity and extremeness. Mountainous area is much sensitive to these extreme events, hence having adverse effect on environment as well as people in term of fluctuation in water supply as well as frequent extreme weather events such as flood, landslide etc. So, prediction of extreme precipitation is imperative for proper management. The objective of this study was to assess the spatial distribution and temporal change of extreme precipitation events on Koshi basin of Nepal during 1980-2010. Five indicators (R1day, R5 day, R > 25.4 mm, SDII and CDD) were chosen for 41 meteorological stations to test the extreme events. Inverse distance weighting and kriging interpolation technique was used to interpolate the spatial patterns. Result showed that most extreme precipitation events increased up to mountain regions from low river valley; and then it decreased subsequently up to Himalayan regions (south to north direction). However, there is high value of indices for lowland Terai valley also. Most of the indices have hotspot with higher value at north western and southern part of the study area. For temporal change, most of the extreme precipitation indices showed increasing trend within 30 years’ period. The spatial distribution of temporal change in indices suggests that there is increasing trend in lowland area and decreasing trend in mountainous and Himalayan area. So, adaptive measure should be adopted through proper land use planning, especially at those hotspot areas and their tributaries; to reduce adverse effect of extreme precipitation events.
Understanding the physical and human contexts of fluvial floods in rural Ghana

ABSTRACT Major past floods that have resulted in huge losses to households along the Black and White Volta Basins have raised the question of whether they were consequences of climate change or direct anthropogenic activities. This paper therefore examines the physical and human contexts of fluvial floods in rural Central Gonja District of Ghana using the mixed-methods technique. Mann Kendall test was employed to show rainfall trends from 1980 to 2016 supplemented with household surveys and in-depth interviews. The primary data were analysed using IBM SPSS (Version 21) as well as thematic analytical framework. There was no evidence to show that past floods in the district was climate change induced. Results however indicated that floods in Central Gonja District have been the results of a mix of factors including the perennial opening of the Bagre Dam in Neighbouring Burkina Faso, floodplain intrusion and the generally flat topography. The paper thus recommends as a short-term measure an effective collaboration between relevant institutions in Ghana and their counterparts in Burkina Faso for ensuring effective management and use of the shared water resources of the Black and White Volta. An effective flood risk communication, supported by early warning signals is critical in reducing flood disaster losses. In the long-term, however, a relocation of these communities away from the river banks with the support of the District Assembly and other stakeholders will be a welcome alternative.
Instrumento para la lectura crtica y la evaluacin de estudios epidemiolgicos transversales

The aim was to develop a tool for the critical appraisal of epidemiological cross-sectional studies. Several recommendations or guidelines for assessing the strength of scientific evidence provided by observational studies were reviewed, like those from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Group, the Osteba (Basque Office for Health Technology Assessment), and the STROBE Initiative. The tool has 27 items to assess: study question or objective, participants, comparability between groups, definition and measure of main variables; analysis and confusion, results, conclusions, external validity and applicability, and conflict of interest. This tool can be used to critically appraise research papers or to rate evidence during the elaboration of systematic reviews.
Clinoform growth and sediment flux into late Cenozoic Qiongdongnan shelf margin, South China Sea

The South China Sea continental margin in the Qiongdongnan Basin (QDNB) area has incrementally prograded since 10.5 Ma generating a margin sediment prism more than 4km‐thick and 150–200 km wide above the well‐dated T40 stratigraphic surface. Core and well log data, as well as clinoform morphology and growth patterns along 28 2D seismic reflection lines, illustrate the evolving architecture and margin morphology; through five main seismic‐stratigraphic surfaces (T40, T30, T27, T20 and T0) frame 15 clinothems in the southwest that reduce over some 200 km to 8 clinoforms in the northeast. The overall margin geometry shows a remarkable change from sigmoidal, strongly progradational and aggradational in the west to weakly progradational in the east. Vertical sediment accumulation rate increased significantly across the entire margin after 2.4 Ma, with a marked increase in mud content in the succession. Furthermore, an estimate of sediment flux across successive clinoforms on each of the three selected seismic cross sections indicate an overall decrease in sediment discharge west to east, away from the Red River depocenter, as well as a decrease in the percentage of total discharge crossing the shelf break in this same direction. The QDNB Late Cenozoic continental margin growth, with its overall increased sediment flux, responded to the climate‐induced, gradual cooling and falling global sea level during this icehouse period.
Experimental playback study investigating effects of oil infrastructure noise on migratory grassland songbirds

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . iii TABLE OF CONTENTS . iv LIST OF TABLES . vi LIST OF FIGURES . vii LIST OF APPENDICES . x CONTRIBUTIONS OF AUTHORS . xi PERMISSIONS FOR COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL.xi RESEARCH PERMITS . xi CHAPTER
Contribucion al conocimiento de la fauna de plathelmintos parasitos de crocidurinae (insectivora soricidae) en el marco europeo continental e insular del mediterraneo occidental

HA SIDO LLEVADO A CABO UN ESTUDIO PARASITOLOGICO SOBRE LA FAUNA DE PLATHELMINTOS PARASITOS DE CROCIDURINAE EN EL MARCO EUROPEO DEL MEDITERRANEO OCCIDENTAL. TRES HAN SIDO LAS ESPECIES HOSPEDADORAS ESTUDIADAS DESDE EL PUNTO DE VISTA HELMINTOLOGICO CROCIDURA RESSOLA CROCIDURA SUAVEDENS Y SUNCUS ETRUSCUS EN LA PENINSULA IBERICA SUR DE FRANCIA IBIZA (PITIUSAS) MENORCA (BALEARES) MEDA GROSSA (MEDAS) PORQUEROLLES (HYERES) Y CORCEGA. LOS 11 DIGENIDOS Y 19 CESLODOS ENCONTRADOS SON EXAMINADOS DESDE LOS PUNTOS DE VISTA MORFOLOGICO Y SISTEMATICO. SON DESCRITAS 2 ESPECIES DE DIGENIDOS Y 6 DE CESTODOS NUEVAS PARA LA CIENCIA. LAS COMPOSICIONES CUALITATIVA Y CUANTITATIVA DE LA COMPOSICION DE LA FAUNA DE PLATHELMINTOS DE CADA UNA DE LAS 3 ESPECIES DE MUSARANAS ESTUDIADAS SON ANALIZADAS TANTO COROLOGICA COMO BIOECOLOGICAMENTE Y COMPARADOS CON LOS CONOCIMIENTOS ACTUALES SOBRE LA HELMINTOFAUNA DE LOS CROCIDURINAE EN TODA SU DISTRIBUCION GEOGRAFICA. LOS RESULTADOS DEL PRESENTE TRABAJO VIENEN A MOSTRAR LO MUCHO QUE QUEDA POR HACER EN EL MUNDO HELMINTOLOGICO DE ESTE PECULIAR E INTERESANTE GRUPO DE MAMIFEROS INSECTIVOROS.
Awareness, knowledge, understanding and readiness to adopt bioactive food ingredients as part of functional food consumption by health-conscious consumers of the City of Cape Town

Functional foods (and dietary supplements) containing bioactive food ingredients are more likely to be adopted by consumers who are aware of, have knowledge and an understanding of these ingredients. The first aim of this survey was to determine the consumer awareness, knowledge and understanding of ten bioactive food ingredients. As a second aim, associations between the consumer awareness, knowledge and understanding of each bioactive food ingredient and the consumer interest in, and knowledge of, food and nutrition, and health and wellness were determined. Consumer interest and knowledge are fundamental factors supporting consumer adoption of new products. Representing the health-conscious consumer 139 gymnasium/fitness centre subscribers and/or dietary supplement users from two middle-to-upper socio-economic sub-councils of the City of Cape Town Metropolitan Municipality voluntarily participated. The top five bioactive food ingredients recognised by the respondents were omega-3 fatty acids (97,1%), antioxidants (87,1%), probiotics (84,9%), soy protein (83,5%) and beta-carotene (68,3%). Omega-3 also produced the highest percentage of respondents with understanding of it as ingredient. Significant differences (p 0,05) associated with any of these factors.
Reporting misconduct : A descriptive study of whistleblowing in nursing

This research examined the effects ofwhistleblowing and non-whistleblowing on nurses in Western Australia. A descriptive survey design was used to explore the physical, emotional and professional effects experienced by nurses who blew the whistle and nurses who did not blow the whistle on misconduct. This study also examined the effective and ineffective coping behaviours reported by participants. A questionnaire was developed based on Lazarus and Folkman's Stress/Coping model and mailed to 500 nurses in Western Australia. Of these, 100 returned the completed questionnaire, indicating a response rate of 20%. Ninety-five respondents were included in the study; 70 were self-identified as whistleblowers and 25 were selfidentified as non-whistleblowers. Results indicated that nurses experienced stressinduced physical and emotional problems from being involved in a whistleblowing situation. Data also suggested that severe professional reprisals occurred if the nurse reported misconduct, but there were few professional consequences if the nurse remained silent. A majority of whistle bowers tried problem-focused coping behaviours and reported four of them to be effective. A majority of nonwhistleblowers tried emotion-focused coping behaviours and reported all of them to be ineffective. The conclusions reached from this research are: (1) Whistleblowing situations are stressful and may cause physical and emotional problems whether one blows the whistle or not. (2) Blowing the whistle on misconduct can be professionally damaging, whereas remaining silent will probably not affect one's career. (3) Blowing the whistle on misconduct will probably not change, or stop, the mi~onduct. ( 4) Remaining silent may result in more feelings of unworthiness and guilt than speaking up. (5) Problem-focused behaviours are the most effective coping behaviours in whistleblowing situations.
Accuracy of Four Electronic Apex Locators During Root Canal Length Determination

The apical limit of tooth roots for instrumentation and obturation is a controversial subject due to the high morphological complexity presented by the apical zone of the root. The development of electronic apex locators (EALs) has made working length (WL) determination more predictable, producing more accurate results; however, the interpretation mechanisms of different devices may affect measurements taken under different clinical conditions. One hundred premolars were used to compare the effectiveness of Propex II, Raypex 6, Propex Pixi and Root ZX II in locating the apical foramen (AF). No statistically significant differences were observed when the accuracy of measurement was compared between the different groups of EALs, however Root ZX II and Raypex 6 presented the best overall performance.
Impact of Nutrient and Stoichiometry Gradients on Microbial Assemblages in Erhai Lake and Its Input Streams

Networks of lakes and streams are linked by downslope flows of material and energy within catchments. Understanding how bacterial assemblages are associated with nutrients and stoichiometric gradients in lakes and streams is essential for understanding biogeochemical cycling in freshwater ecosystems. In this study, we conducted field sampling of bacterial communities from lake water and stream biofilms in Erhai Lake watershed. We determined bacterial communities using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing and explored the relationship between bacterial composition and environmental factors using networking analysis, canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), and variation partitioning analysis (VPA). Physicochemical parameters, nutrients, and nutrient ratios gradients between the lake and the streams were strongly associated with the differences in community composition and the dominant taxa. Cyanobacteria dominated in Erhai Lake, while Proteobacteria dominated in streams. The stream bacterial network was more stable with multiple stressors, including physicochemical-factors and nutrient-factors, while the lake bacterial network was more fragile and susceptible to human activities with dominant nutrients (phosphorus). Negative correlations between bacterial communities and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) as well as positive correlations between bacterial communities and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the network indicated these factors had strong effect on bacterial succession. Erhai Lake is in a eutrophic state, and high relative abundances of Synechococcus (40.62%) and Microcystis (16.2%) were noted during the course of our study. CCA indicated that nutrients (phosphorus) were key parameters driving Cyanobacteria-dominated community structure. By classifying the environmental factors into five categories, VPA analyses identified that P-factor (total phosphorus (TP) and SRP) as well as the synergistic effect of C-factor (DOC), N-factor (NO3−), and P-factor (TP and SRP) played a central role in structuring the bacterial communities in Erhai Lake. Heterogeneous physicochemical conditions explained the variations in bacterial assemblages in streams. This study provides a picture of stream–lake linkages from the perspective of bacterial community structure as well as key factors driving bacterial assemblages within lakes and streams at the whole watershed scale. We further argue that better management of phosphorus on the watershed scale is needed for ameliorating eutrophication of Erhai Lake.