Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional activity in in vitro produced bovine two‐ and four‐cell embryos

The objectives of this study on in vitro produced bovine two‐ and four‐cell embryos were (1) to investigate the uptake of 3H‐uridine through the plasma membrane, (2) to characterize the pattern of RNA synthesis during the second cell cycle, and (3) to measure the incorporation of 3H‐uridine into de novo synthesized RNA. A total of 200 embryos were incubated with 3H‐uridine for 15, 30, 60 (two‐ and four‐cell embryos), 120 (four‐cell embryos), 180 (two‐cell embryos), and 240 min (two‐ and four‐cell embryos), respectively. 3H‐uridine uptake reached a maximum by 30 min in two‐cell embryos, whereas four‐cell embryos reached a maximum at 120 min. A total of 440 two‐cell embryos were isolated 27–33 hr postinsemination (hpi), and 90 of these were incubated for 10 hr with 3H‐uridine (200 μCi/ml). The remainder were incubated with 3H‐uridine for 3 hr starting at 0–3 (n = 54), 3–6 (n = 75), 6–9 (n = 77), or 9–12 (n = 77) hr after cleavage to the two‐cell stage. Control two‐cell embryos (n = 67) were incubated with 3H‐uridine supplemented with 5 mg/ml of unlabelled uridine for 10 hr (inhibition control), or they were incubated with 3H‐uridine for 10 hr and RNase treated (100 μg/ml post fixation (RNase control). Subsequently, the embryos were processed for autoradiography. The long‐term incubation revealed transcription (autoradiographically labelled nuclei) in a total of 77% of the two‐ and four‐cell embryos. No transcription was observed in any of the 3 hr incubation groups. The RNase control embryos lacked labelling of the nuclei, whereas the inhibition control embryos only showed markedly reduced labelling. Finally, total RNA extraction was performed on a total of 336 two‐cell embryos that were incubated with 3H‐uridine or 3H‐uridine supplemented with unlabelled uridine for 2, 5, or 10 hr. It was possible to detect an increasing amount of labelled RNA after the 2, 5, and 10 hr incubation periods, and it was possible to inhibit this incorporation competitively. Together the data demonstrate a low level of transcription during the second cell cycle without a well‐defined transcriptional peak. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magnetic interactions in the catalyst used by nature to split water: a DFT + U multiscale study on the Mn4CaO5 core in photosystem II

An important approach in the design of new environmentally friendly materials is represented by the study of analogous systems already existing in nature. In the search for new water splitting catalysts, the corresponding natural analogue is represented by the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II, which is a large membrane protein complex present in photosynthetic organisms. The understanding of the catalytic strategy of its active Mn4CaO5 core is important to unravel the mechanisms of water oxidation in photosynthesis and can serve as an inspiring model for the design of biomimetic catalysts based on largely non-toxic, earth abundant elements. The magnetic interactions between Mn ions are studied in the present work by means of DFT + U broken symmetry ab initio molecular dynamics within a quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics framework. The room temperature dynamics of two different structural models (i.e. with total high-spin and total low-spin ground states) was stable during the simulated time. We observed large fluctuations of the magnetic coupling constants calculated on both the structural models of the complex, causing occasionally instantaneous swapping of the ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic coupling between the metal centers.
Clinical practice guidelines for malignant pleural mesothelioma.

The most common type of mesothelioma is malignant pleural mesothelioma, a nearly invariably lethal tumour of the pleura. Very seldom diagnosed prior to the advent of widespread asbestos mining in the early to mid twentieth century, this disease has sharply risen in incidence over the last five decades (1). The worldwide consumption of asbestos has peaked in the 1980s consequent to the call for an asbestos ban in several developed countries. However, in recent years the use of this carcinogenic mineral and its products seem to get an unprecedented popularity in Eastern Europe, Asia and South America (2). The tragic consequences of increased asbestos use in these parts of the world are that many more mesothelioma cases will be diagnosed in the future and that a major carcinogenic legacy is left behind for next generations. Asbestos has also been characterized as a time-bomb due to the long latency between first asbestos exposure and occurrence of disease (Linton et al. ).
Resolution and Covariance in Generalized Least Squares Inversion

The Generalized Least Squares (GLS) method uses both data and prior information to solve for a best-fitting set of model parameters. We review the method and present simplified derivations of its essential formulas. Concepts of resolution and covariance – essential in all of inverse theory – are applicable to GLS, but their meaning, and especially that of resolution, must be carefully interpreted. We introduce derivations that show that the quantity being resolved is the deviation of the solution from the prior model, and that the covariance of the model depends on both the uncertainty in the data and the uncertainty in the prior information. On face value, the GLS formulas for resolution and covariance seem to require matrix inverses that may be difficult to calculate for the very large (but often sparse) linear systems encountered in practical inverse problems. We demonstrate how to organize the computations in an efficient manner and present MATLAB code that implements them. Finally, we formulate the well-understood problem of interpolating data with minimum curvature splines as an inverse problem, and use it to illustrate the GLS method.
Is 75 percent of dental caries really found in 25 percent of the population?

OBJECTIVES Dental caries prevalence is used to quantify inequalities and to target high-risk populations for interventions. Prevalence can be described via measures of centrality; however, some have used cumulative frequency distribution curves (Lorenz curves). This investigation provides dental caries Lorenz curves for the primary and permanent dentitions at selected ages. Results provide accurate age-specific and dentition-specific X values for the general statement, "75 percent of dental caries is found in X percent of the population. " METHODS Data were derived from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross-sectional study conducted between 1988 and 1994. Cumulative frequency distributions for total dfs or DMFS were plotted against cumulative frequency distributions for the total population. RESULTS X values varied substantially between dentitions and across ages. Total dental caries experience in the permanent dentition was more dispersed than it was in the primary dentition, and the total dental caries experience in older persons was more dispersed than it was in younger persons. For those aged 2-5 years, 75 percent of dental caries (primary dention) was found in 8.1 percent of the population. For those aged 6 years or older, 75 percent of dental caries (permanent dentition) was found in 33.0 percent of the population. CONCLUSIONS For accuracy and relevancy, the statement, "75 percent of dental caries is found in X percent of the population" must be applied to a particular dentition or age group, and must account for appropriate severity and prevalence reference points.
The Pathogenesis of Neonatal Post‐hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus

Hydrocephalus after intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) has emerged as a major complication of preterm birth and is especially problematic to treat. The hydrocephalus is usually ascribed to fibrosing arachnoiditis, meningeal fibrosis and subependymal gliosis, which impair flow and resorption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Recent experimental studies have suggested that acute parenchymal compression and ischemic damage, and increased parenchymal and perivascular deposition of extracellular matrix proteins—probably due at least partly to upregulation of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β)—are further important contributors to the development of the hydrocephalus. IVH is associated with damage to periventricular white matter and the damage is exacerbated by the development of hydrocephalus; combinations of pressure, distortion, ischaemia, inflammation, and free radical‐mediated injury are probably responsible. The damage to white matter accounts for the high frequency of cerebral palsy in this group of infants. The identification of mechanisms and mediators of hydrocephalus and white matter damage is leading to the development of new treatments to prevent permanent hydrocephalus and its neurological complications, and to avoid shunt dependence.
[Effect of liangxue shengji recipe on incidence of post-percutaneous coronary intervention restenosis and adverse cardiovascular events].

OBJECTIVE To observe the intervention effect of Liangxue Shengji Recipe (LSR) on incidence of post-percutaneous coronary intervention (post-PCI) restenosis and adverse cardiovascular events. METHODS With a randomized, single-blinded methods adopted, 100 patients with coronary artery disease (CHD) and underwent stent implantation were randomized into two groups, the control group and the treated group, conventional Western treatment was administered to them all, but with LSR to patients in the treated group additionally. They were followed up for at least six months. The incidences of post-PCI restenosis and adverse events, including cardiogenic death, acute myocardial infarction, recurrent angina pectoris, severe heart failure, further intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting, were observed to estimate the effect of LSR. RESULTS No statistically significant difference between the two groups was shown in terms of incidences of intra-stent restenosis, recurrent angina pectoris, estimator of restenosis and its cumulative risk, as well as in reducing the incidence of single adverse event, but did show statistically significant difference between groups in reducing the incidence of united cardiovascular event (P=0.032) and its cumulative risk (P=0.036). CONCLUSION Administration of LSR in post-PCI stage could significantly reduce the probability and cumulative risk of united cardiovascular events, and the beneficial effect presents at about six months post-PCI.
Resistência de clones de cajueiro-comum à antracnose

O conteudo e apresentado em oito capitulos: 1 - Resumo; 2 - Abstract; 3 - Inrtoducao; 4 - Material e metodos; 5 - Resultados e discussao; 6 - Conclusoes; 7 - Agradecimentos; 8 - Referencias.
Recurrent loss of the FHIT gene and its impact on lymphatic metastasis in early oral squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract Conclusion: Our findings show that copy number loss of FHIT is associated with lymph node metastasis (LNM) and suggest that the down-regulation of Fhit indicates poor prognosis in early oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify alterations in genetic markers related to LNM in early OSCC. Methods: Genome-wide copy number alterations were analyzed in 14 early OSCCs with (n = 7) or without (n = 7) cervical LNM using 180K array-comparative genomic hybridization. To explore the prognostic implications of the most significantly associated genetic alteration with cervical LNM, immunohistochemical analysis was conducted in 30 OSCCs. Results: A total of 11 recurrently altered regions (RARs) were identified in the 14 OSCC cases. Six RARs on chromosomes 3p26-3p14, 5q22, and 9p21 were found to be significantly more common in early OSCC with LNM (p < 0.05). Among these, loss of 3p14.2 (where the FHIT gene is located) was the most frequent (five of seven patients with LNM, and none of seven without LNM), and most significantly associated with cervical LNM (p = 0.005). Fhit immunohistochemical staining of 30 OSCCs showed that Fhit negativity was associated with cervical LNM (p = 0.032) and poor disease-specific survival (p = 0.045).
Molecular Fingerprinting of Mycobacterium bovis subsp. caprae Isolates from Central Europe

ABSTRACT To study the dissemination of Mycobacterium bovis subsp. caprae, 79 European isolates from cattle, humans, and other hosts were examined by spoligotyping and IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Among a total of 11 different spoligotypes identified, type C1 proved to be predominant (n = 62). Five of the spoligotypes are described for the first time. A total of 43 different RFLP types were identified, thus allowing further differentiation for epidemiological tracking. Isolates from a series of outbreaks in one village proved to be of the same spoligotype and of identical or closely related RFLP types.
Knowledge transfer in multinationals: The role of inpatriates' boundary spanning

Viewing knowledge as rooted in individuals, this study investigates knowledge transfer in multinational corporations (MNCs) from an individual-level perspective. Specifically, the author focuses on inpatriates as a particular group of knowledge actors in MNCs and examines the role of inpatriates' boundary spanning between their home unit and the headquarters for transferring their knowledge to headquarters staff. Based on a sample of 269 inpatriates in 10 German MNCs, the author found that inpatriates' boundary spanning is positively related to inpatriates' individual efforts to transfer knowledge and inpatriates' perceptions of HQ staff efforts to acquire subsidiary-specific knowledge. Both perceived HQ absorptive capacity and mentoring by HQ staff moderate these relationships. This study's findings contribute to our understanding of the theoretical mechanisms through which MNC knowledge flows occur and highlight key requirements for the design of international staffing practices. ©2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A 10 GHz low power CMOS quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator

A 10 GHz low power CMOS quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator (QVCO) realized with LC-tank is presented. The QVCO is fabricated by TSMC 0.18/spl mu/m 1P6M CMOS process. Based on the simulation results, this circuit draws 7.52 mA current from 1.8 V power supply. The total power consumption is 13.54 mW including the buffer. The tuning range is 730 MHz (about 7.3 %) and the phase noise is -103.44 dBc/Hz @ 1 MHz offset at 10 GHz. Compared with the recent proposed works by using the power-frequency-normalized figure of merit (FOM), it shows a better phase noise performance and lower power consumption.
Prognostic impact of RAS mutations in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome

RAS is an oncogene frequently mutated in human cancer. RAS mutations have been reported in 10–15% of cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) but they appear to be less frequent among patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). The impact of RAS mutations in patients with MDS is unclear. We conducted a retrospective study in 1,067 patients with newly diagnosed MDS for whom RAS mutational analysis was available. Overall, 4% of patients carried mutant RAS alleles. Notably, FLT3 mutations, which were found in 2% of patients, were mutually exclusive with RAS mutations. Patients with RAS mutations had a higher white blood cell count as well as bone marrow blasts compared with patients carrying wild‐type RAS. However, no differences were observed between both groups regarding the risk of AML transformation (9% vs. 7%) and overall survival (395 days vs. 500 days, P = 0.057). In summary, RAS mutations are infrequent in patients with MDS and do not appear to negatively impact their outcome. Am. J. Hematol. 88:365–369, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes and the progression of adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma

Almost three decades have passed since adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATLL) was proposed as a new disease entity. During this period, its causative agent, human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1), was found and a crucial role of the viral product Tax in the development of ATLL was disclosed. However, the long latent period after infection with HTLV-1 indicates the need for additional factors for full-blown ATLL, most of which are supposed to be provided by somatic mutations of cellular genes. Recent progress in cell-cycle research has revealed that the uncontrolled and superior proliferative activity of malignant cells is mainly caused by the breakdown of cell-cycle regulation and that most malignancies carry aberrations in p16-pRB and/or p53 pathways. ATLL is not an exception, despite the consistent association of HTLV-1 in primary leukemia cells, and accumulating evidence indicates that the breakdown of these pathways is indeed involved in the leukemogenesis of ATLL, especially in its later steps, which serve as the key events for promotion of indolent ATLL to aggressive ATLL.
Aspirin‐triggered 15‐HETE generation in peripheral blood leukocytes is a specific and sensitive Aspirin‐Sensitive Patients Identification Test (ASPITest) *

Background: We have previously demonstrated that aspirin triggers specific generation of 15‐hydroxyeicosateraenoic acid (15‐HETE) from nasal polyp epithelial cells and peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from aspirin‐sensitive (AS) but not aspirin‐tolerant (AT) patients with asthma/rhinosinusitis. The goal of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of ASA‐induced 15‐HETE generation measurement to identify AS patients.
[Clinical characteristics of 159 cases of acute toxic hepatitis].

BACKGROUNDS/AIMS Toxic hepatitis has recently been discovered to be a major cause of acute hepatitis. We studied the clinical features and prognosis of patients diagnosed with toxic hepatitis at a single institution. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed using medical records of 159 cases of toxic hepatitis that were diagnosed from March 2003 to March 2008. Patients were selected based on a RUCAM score of 4 or above. RESULTS The incidence was higher in women (n=97) than in men (n=62). The age (mean+/-SD) of the patients was 51+/-15 years . The major causes of the disease included the use of Korean traditional therapeutic preparations (34.0%), herbal medicines (41.5%), and drugs prescribed by a physician (23.9%). At the time of admission, jaundice was the most common symptom (41.5%), and the results of a liver serum battery were as follows: aspartate aminotransferase, 729.4+/-877.0 IU/L; alanine aminotransferase, 857.1+/-683.0 IU/L; total bilirubin, 6.4+/-6.5 mg/dL; and alkaline phosphatase, 209.8+/-130.0 IU/L. The hospitalization period was 10.0+/-9.5 days, and the duration of recovery from liver injury was 31.0+/-29.5 days. The factors associated with the hospitalization period included the presence of anorexia and the serum levels of albumin and bilirubin at the time of admission (P<0.05). A high serum bilirubin level and a history of alcohol ingestion were associated with a delayed recovery (Plt;0.05). The sex, age, BMI, and duration of medication were not significantly related to the hospitalization and recovery periods. CONCLUSIONS The main cause of acute toxic hepatitis in the current study was the use of herbal medicines. The severity of liver injury at the time of admission was a major factor significantly associated with the hospitalization and recovery periods.
Gout mimicking psoriatic arthritis flare.

A 34-year-old man presented with a 22-year history of psoriasis vulgaris and 6 years of inflammatory low back pain, symmetric polyarthritis involving wrists, second and third metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints, sacroiliitis, patellar tendon enthesitis, and dactylitis. A diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis was made. During the ensuing 6 months, he complained of intermittent left knee pain and swelling, associated with overlying erythema. Physical examination disclosed a swollen left knee joint with local hyperthermia, restricted range of motion, and plaque psoriasis involving 50% of total body surface with a score of 9.7 in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (Fig. A). Laboratory tests revealed C-reactive protein level of 10.8 mg/dL (G1.0 mg/dL) and serum uric acid level of 10.2 mg/dL (range, 3.0Y7.0 mg/dL). Knee ultrasound showed large amounts of synovitis, guided arthrocentesis yielded 70 mL of milky synovial fluid (Figs. B, C). A high-power compensated polarized light microscopy analysis revealed needle-shaped negatively birefringent monosodium urate crystals within leukocytes (Figs. D, E), and a first metatarsophalangeal joint ultrasonography displayed a hyperechoic, irregular band over the superficial margin of the articular cartilage known as a double contour sign (Fig. F). A final diagnosis of gout coexistent with psoriatic arthritis was made. Treatment included nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, colchicine, allopurinol, diseasemodifying antirheumatic drugs, and antiYtumor necrosis factor therapy.
Nonablative laser and light rejuvenation: the newest approach to photodamaged skin.

For centuries, patients and physicians have sought a safe and effective method for treating skin changes associated with photoaging. Currently, a variety of modalities are used to treat facial rhytids, including dermabrasion, chemical peels, and laser skin resurfacing (LSR). Although these modalities are relatively effective for rhytid reduction, epidermal disruption or removal results in an open wound that places the patient at risk for bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. Abnormal or delayed wound healing may result in skin dyspigmentation and scarring. In addition, the wound resolves with significant erythema that often lasts for weeks or months and is cosmetically troubling to patients (Figure 1). The ideal method of skin rejuvenation would achieve optimal cosmetic improvement of photodamage while minimizing wound care and the risk of adverse effects.
Sensitization to Minor Antigens Is a Significant Barrier in Bone Marrow Transplantation and Is Prevented by CD154:CD40 Blockade

Sensitization to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alloantigens is critical in transplantation rejection. The mechanism of sensitization to minor histocompatibility antigens (Mi‐HAg) has not been thoroughly explored. We used a mouse model of allosensitization to Mi‐HAg to study the Mi‐HAg sensitization barrier in bone marrow transplantation (BMT). AKR mice were sensitized with MHC congenic Mi‐HAg disparate B10.BR skin grafts. Adaptive humoral (B‐cells) and cellular (T cells) responses to Mi‐HAg are elicited. In subsequent BMT, only 20% of sensitized mice engrafted, while 100% of unsensitized mice did. In vivo cytotoxicity assays showed that Mi‐HAg sensitized AKR mice eliminated CFSE labeled donor splenocytes significantly more rapidly than naïve AKR mice but less rapidly than MHC‐sensitized recipients. Sera from Mi‐HAg sensitized mice also reacted with cells from other mouse strains, suggesting that Mi‐HAg peptides were broadly shared between mouse strains. The production of anti‐donor‐Mi‐HAg antibodies was totally prevented in mice treated with anti‐CD154 during skin grafting, suggesting a critical role for the CD154:CD40 pathway in B‐cell reactivity to Mi‐HAg. Moreover, anti‐CD154 treatment promoted BM engraftment to 100% in recipients previously sensitized to donor Mi‐HAg. Taken together, Mi‐HAg sensitization poses a significant barrier in BMT and can be overcome with CD154:CD40 costimulatory blockade.