Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Insights Into Sprint Biomechanics and Determinants of Elite 100m Performance

The laws of mechanics dictate that accelerating body mass in the forward direction requires sprinters to produce force, but also to apply it to the ground in order to generate as much horizontally-oriented ground reaction force (GRF) as possible. Although theoretically obvious, this principle has hitherto not been confirmed by experimental measurements, especially in top-level athletes. The authors used a motorised instrumented treadmill and other techniques to study the relationships between 100m performance and running mechanics, with a specific focus on GRF (resultant, vertical and horizontal components) production and application, in sport science students, national-class sprinters and a world-class performer. They found that the amount of horizontal GRF produced during maximal treadmill sprints is highly correlated to 100m performance, and that how the resultant GRF is applied also correlates to 100m performance. Specifically, they show the importance of horizontally-oriented force versus vertically-oriented force or total force production in the acceleration phase, raising the question of increased use of horizontal force production exercises to improve overall sprinting performance. This project received the top prize in the coaching category of the 2012 European Athletics Innovation Awards. AUTHORS Jean-Benoit Morin, PhD, is an assistant professor at the Department of Sport Sciences of the University of Saint-Etienne, and researcher at the Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, University of Lyon. He is a member of the French soccer federation research group, and collaborates with elite French sprinters, and high-level soccer and rugby teams. Pascal Edouard, MD, PhD, is a physician in the department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology at University-Hospital of SaintEtienne, and researcher in the Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, University of Lyon. Pierre Samozino, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Sport Science Department at the University of Savoy in Le Bourget du Lac, France. by Jean-Benoit Morin, Pascal Edouard and Pierre Samozino P 28:3/4; 87-103, 2013
Effects of Soil and Water Conservation Measures on Soil Quality Indicators: The Case of Geshy Subcatchment, Gojeb River Catchment, Ethiopia

Land degradation is a global negative environmental process that causes the decline in the productivity of land resources’ capacity to perform their functions. Though soil and water conservation (SWC) technologies have been adopted in Geshy subcatchment, their effects on soil quality were limitedly studied. The study was conducted to evaluate the effects SWC measures on soil quality indicators in Geshy subcatchment, Gojeb River Catchment, Ethiopia. A total of 54 soil samples (two treatments–farmlands with and without SWC measures three slope classes three terrace positions three replications) were collected at a depth of 20 cm. Statistical differences in soil quality indicators were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) following the general linear model procedure of SPSS Version 20.0 for Windows. Means that exhibited significant differences were compared using Tukey’s honest significance difference at 5% probability level. The studied soils are characterized by low bulk density, slightly acidic with clay and clay loam texture. The results revealed that farmlands with SWC measures had significantly improved soil physical (silt and clay fractions, and volumetric soil water content (VSWC)) and chemical (pH, SOC, TN, C : N ratio, and Av. phosphorus) quality indicators as compared with farmlands without SWC measures. The significantly higher VSWC, clay, SOC, TN, C : N ratio, and Av. P at the bottom slope classes and terrace positions could be attributed to the erosion reduction and deposition effects of SWC measures. Generally, the status of the studied soils is low in SOC contents, TN, C : N ratio, and Av. P (deficient). Thus, integral use of both physical and biological SWC options and agronomic interventions would have paramount importance in improving soil quality for better agricultural production and productivity.
Theta burst stimulation of human cortex.

It has proved possible in experimental animals to manipulate synaptic efficiency using direct electrical stimulation of central nervous pathways. The introduction of transcranial methods of non-invasively stimulating the human brain raised hopes that similar effects could be produced in humans, with the potential for eventual therapeutic application in disease states. However, largely due to safety limitations, human subjects often require lengthy conditioning with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), and even then effects are often weak, variable and not beneficial in the therapeutic setting. In view of the difficulties, I have explored novel methods of conditioning the brain in conscious humans using rTMS which can swiftly produce powerful and controllable long-term changes in the excitability of cortical circuits.
Changes in the Fluorescence Tracking of NaV1.6 Protein Expression in a BTBR T+Itpr3tf/J Autistic Mouse Model

The axon initial segment (AIS), the site of action potential initiation in neurons, is a critical determinant of neuronal excitability. Growing evidence indicates that appropriate recruitment of the AIS macrocomplex is essential for synchronized firing. However, disruption of the AIS structure is linked to the etiology of multiple disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a condition characterized by deficits in social communication, stereotyped behaviors, and very limited interests. To date, a complete understanding of the molecular components that underlie the AIS in ASD has remained elusive. In this research, we examined the AIS structure in a BTBR T+Itpr3tf/J mouse model (BTBR), a valid model that exhibits behavioral, electrical, and molecular features of autism, and compared this to the C57BL/6J wild-type control mouse. Using Western blot studies and high-resolution confocal microscopy in the prefrontal frontal cortex (PFC), our data indicate disrupted expression of different isoforms of the voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV) at the AIS, whereas other components of AIS such as ankyrin-G and fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14) and contactin-associated protein 1 (Caspr) in BTBR were comparable to those in wild-type control mice. A Western blot assay showed that BTBR mice exhibited a marked increase in different sodium channel isoforms in the PFC compared to wild-type mice. Our results provide potential evidence for previously undescribed mechanisms that may play a role in the pathogenesis of autistic-like phenotypes in BTBR mice.
Effects of low temperature aging on the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of duplex and lean duplex stainless steels UNS S 32205 and UNS S 32304

Duplex stainless steels (DSS) with austenite-ferrite microstructure are high strength and corrosion resistant steels frequently used as pipes and accessories in chemical/ petrochemical on/and off-shore industries. Low temperature heat treatments (400475oC) may increase the hardness and wear resistance of duplex steels, due to a spinodal decomposition reaction of the ferrite, whose small particles a’ precipitate in the matrix. In this work, several heat treatments at 400oC and 475oC with short duration (<24h) were performed on UNS S32304 and UNS S32205 grades. The kinetics of a’ precipitation was studied by hardness measurements. Tensile tests were also carried out for some heat treatment conditions to evaluate the effect of the aging on the ductility of both grades. The hardening of duplex UNS S32205 was more intense than that of UNS S32304, although both steels have shown an interesting increase in tensile strength. Specimens of duplex steel heat treated at 475oC for 4 h and 8 did not show any detectable decrease of corrosion resistance in anodic polarization and critical pitting temperature tests were carried out in NaCl media.
Gender Differences in General Achievement in Mathematics: An International Study.

Women’s underrepresentation in mathematics-related careers continues to concern policymakers, economists, and educators. This study addressed the issue by examining data from two international databases, namely IEA’s Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study 2015, and the World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Report 2017. Using country as the unit for our observations and meta-analysis techniques, the question of gender mathematics differences was investigated using standardized mean difference comparisons and variance ratios. Fourthand eighth-grade girls and boys were also compared in terms of the number of students who reached the advanced international benchmark. The findings mostly supported previous findings in the related literature; no statistically significant large differences were observed comparing the performance of girls and boys in mathematics achievement and the number of high achievers. Moreover, boys were found to have more variability in mathematics achievement than girls. This finding further isolates the potential cause of women’s underrepresentation in mathematics-related careers as policies driven by implicit and explicit cultural biases.
DESIGN AND VERIFICATION OF PARITY CHECKING CIRCUIT USING HOL4 THEOREM PROVING

Digital data transmission is the most widely used way of modern communication. The data transmission from source to destination should be without loss of information. This is possible by using the method of parity generator and parity checker. A parity check is the process that ensures accurate data transmission between nodes during communication. In this paper, we present the design and formal verification of a parity checking circuit using Higher-Order Logic theorem proving. We use the HOL4 theorem prover to mathematically describe the parity checking specification as well as mathematical model of the circuit implementation. The formal verification of reliability shows that the circuit implementation satisfies the parity checking specification for all inputs and outputs.
A photo-regulated aptamer sensor for spatiotemporally controlled monitoring of ATP in the mitochondria of living cells†

Fluorescent aptamer sensors have shown enormous potential for intracellular imaging of small molecule metabolites. Since metabolites distribute differently at different subcellular locations and their concentrations and locations fluctuate with time, methods are needed for spatiotemporally controlled monitoring of these metabolites. Built upon previous success in temporal control of aptamer-based sensors, we herein report an aptamer sensor containing a photocleavable linker and using DQAsomes to target mitochondria for spatiotemporally controlled monitoring of ATP in the mitochondria of living cells. The photocleavable modification on the DNA ATP aptamer sensor can prevent sensor activation before reaching mitochondria and the sensor can then be activated upon light irradiation. The sensor has a detection limit of 3.7 μM and high selectivity against other nucleotides, allowing detection of ATP concentration fluctuations in mitochondria induced by Ca2+ or oligomycin. This work represents the first successful delivery of a DNA aptamer sensor to mitochondria, providing a new platform for targeted delivery to subcellular organelles for monitoring energy producing processes, as well as mitochondrial dysfunction-related diseases in different cells.
The Relationship Between Delinquent Behavior, Adolescent-Parent Relationships, and Intergenerational Cycles of Crime

The present study examines the risky and delinquent behavior of juvenile detainees, the quality of their relationships with their parents, and their history of parental incarceration. Participants (N = 32) were recruited from the Merrimac Juvenile Detention Center and completed a surveybased interview including the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment, the Risky Behavior Protocol, and questions about history of parental incarceration. Results indicate that there are no significant relations between delinquency and history of parental incarceration, however, there were significant correlations indicating that less delinquency was associated with higher fatherchild relationship quality. Intergenerational cycles of delinquent behavior 3
OTT_A_231846 11325..11338

*These authors contributed equally to this work Background: Chemoresistance has become a major obstacle for cancer therapy in clinic. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play critical roles in the development of chemoresistance in various tumors, including gastric cancer (GC). However, the role of HOXA transcript at the distal tip (HOTTIP) within extracellular vesicles (exosomes) in cisplatin-resistant GC cells remains largely unknown. Materials and methods: Cell proliferation, migration and invasion were detected using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and transwell assays, respectively. Western blot assay was employed to analyze the protein levels of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, CD63, CD83, GRP78, HMGA1, and high-mobility group A1 (HMGA1). The expression levels of HOTTIP, microRNA-218 (miR218) and HMGA1were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The interaction between miR-218 and HOTTIP or HMGA1 was predicted by bioinformatics software and confirmedby the dual-luciferase reporter andRNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. Results: Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were promoted in cisplatin-resistant GC cells. HOTTIP level was upregulated in cisplatin-resistant GC cells and its downregulation enhanced cisplatin sensitivity. Moreover, extracellular HOTTIP could be incorporated into exosomes and transmitted to sensitive cells, thus disseminating cisplatin resistance. Additionally, exosomal HOTTIP promoted cisplatin resistance via activating HMGA1 in GC cells. Interestingly, HMGA1 was a target of miR218 and miR-218 could directly bind to HOTTIP. Clinically, high expression of exosomal HOTTIP in serum was associated with poor response to cisplatin treatment in GC patients. Conclusion: Exosomal HOTTIP contributed to cisplatin resistance in GC cells by regulating miR-218/HMGA1 axis, providing a novel avenue for the treatment of GC.
Information-theoretic Modeling of Perceived Musical Complexity

What makes a piece of music appear complex to a listener? This research extends previous work by Eerola (2016), examining information content generated by a computational model of auditory expectation (IDyOM) based on statistical learning and probabilistic prediction as an empirical definition of perceived musical complexity. We systematically manipulated the melody, rhythm, and harmony of short polyphonic musical excerpts using the model to ensure that these manipulations systematically varied information content in the intended direction. Complexity ratings collected from 28 participants were found to positively correlate most strongly with melodic and harmonic information content, which corresponded to descriptive musical features such as the proportion of out-of-key notes and tonal ambiguity. When individual differences were considered, these explained more variance than the manipulated predictors. Musical background was not a significant predictor of complexity ratings. The results support information content, as implemented by IDyOM, as an information-theoretic measure of complexity as well as extending IDyOM9s range of applications to perceived complexity.
Nursing care of the pregnant mare with laminitis

Laminitis is the most serious disease of the equine hoof and causes pathological changes in anatomy that lead to a devastating loss of function (Pollitt 2004). Broodmares may su er from the development or aggravation of laminitis during pregnancy (Johnson et al. 2009). In these cases, the mare is frequently brought into the hospital to be monitored, as this condition is di icult to manage and can be life threatening to both the mare and foetus.
Development of High-Power Large-Sized Peltier Module

tion reverse to the current, while for the n-type in the forward direction, thereby the heat is absorbed at the upper electrode where the current flows from the n-type to the p-type, making the metal electrode a heat absorber. This process is a kind of heat pump, and can constitute a very effective cooling system in case the heat-dissipating side (i.e. high-temperature side) can sufficiently dissipate the heat. Note, however, the heat dissipation rate at the high-temperature side normally includes the absorption heat and the Joule heat generated in the semiconductors due to the conduction current, both added together. The heat absorption rate Q can be expressed as shown below, taking I as the conduction current, Th as the temperature of the heat-dissipating surface, Tc as the temperature of the heat-absorbing surface, and N as the number of semiconductor element pairs. The first, second and third terms of the Equation represent the ones due to Peltier effect, heat conduction and Joule heat, respectively.
Effect of Electromagnetic Interference on Smart Grid

Smart grid was introduced in an attempt to create an upgraded and increasingly dependable electric power network. Smart grid is a dynamic and independent framework, which will in general be dependable and adaptable, therefore improving the electric framework. It has some innovative difficulties, one of which is the electromagnetic compatibility issue. This paper sketches out the impact of electromagnetic interference on smart grid by showing the origins of interference and the defenseless system in the grid network. Simulations were performed to show the activity of a basic PLC transmission interface, and flexible ac transmission system.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders defines PPD as having five or more of the following symptoms for at least two weeks: insomnia/hypersomnia, psychomotor agitation

Depression is currently ranked second among the 10 leading causes of the global burden of disease and has a global prevalence high as 60% which is worrisome. Postpartum Depression (PPD) can cause long-term consequences in both mother and child like infanticide, dysfunctional maternal-infant relationship, oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. This study is carried out to assess the knowledge of risk factors of PPD among women attending antenatal clinic in Central Hospital, Benin City, Edo State. A non-experimental research design was used and a sample size of 130 was selected from a total population using Taro Yamanes formulae. A self-developed structured questionnaire iss given to experts for face validation, while the reliability was determined through internally consistency and reliable with a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.79. Data was retrieved and analysed using statistical package for social sciences programme (SPSS) and presented in tables, percentages and inferential statistics using the Chi square test at 95% confidence interval. Findings revealed that women attending antenatal Clinic have no knowledge about PPD risk factors and the screening tool. Further findings showed that the myth and beliefs identified by women towards PPD include “all new mothers are depressed and fatigue after childbirth so it is normal” (70.83%), women with PPD looked depressed, you will know when you see her (72.5%) and if you have never been depressed before, you won’t experience PPD (72.5%). Hypothesis tested revealed the P-value of chi-square statistics to be 0.001 which is less than 0.05(level of significance), hence this confirmed that there is a significant relationship between educational level of women and their knowledge on risk factors of PPD. Nurses should therefore be actively involved in educating women about the risk factors of PPD in the antenatal clinic and skills should be provided at all level of the health care system.
NDT_A_229206 55..70

1IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Scientific Direction, Milan, Italy; 2IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Tourette’s Syndrome and Movement Disorders Centre, Milan, Italy; 3Department of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; 4TICEA Center, Scientific Direction, Milan, Italy; 5Neurosurgery Department, ICCS Istituto Clinico Città Studi, Milan, Italy; 6Department of Neuroscience, Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin, Italy; 7University of Milan, Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences Luigi Sacco, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Ospedale Sacco Polo Universitario, Milan, Italy; 8“Aldo Ravelli” Center for Neurotechnology and Brain Therapeutic, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; 9Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
CIA_A_223595 2261..2271

*These authors contributed equally to this work Background: Manipulating the immune inflammatory response after cerebral ischemia has been a novel therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke. This study attempted to investigate the effects of the transplantation of lymphocytes co-cultured with human cord blood-derived multipotent stem cells (HCB-SCs) on the inflammatory response in transient middle cerebral occlusion (tMCAO) rats. Methods: The tMCAO rats were subjected to the transplantation of lymphocytes co-cultured with HCB-SCs through tail vein injection. Infarct size and neurological deficits weremeasured at 48 hrs after stroke. Neurological deficits were assessed using Bederson’s scoring system and tape removal test. Blood T cell flow cytometry was performed to measure the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of inflammationrelated molecules, apoptosis-related molecule, and signaling molecules in ischemic brain. TUNEL staining was performed to analyze cell apoptosis in ischemic cerebral cortex. Results: The transplantation of lymphocytes co-cultured with HCB-SCs significantly improved the neurological defects, reduced ischemic brain damage, and increased the proportion of peripheral CD4CD25Foxp3 Tregs. Meanwhile, the transplantation of co-cultured cells decreased the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and associated factors, such as caspase-1 and IL-1β, and inhibited the activation of NF-κB, ERK and caspase-3 in ischemic brain. The cocultured cells significantly decreased the number of tMCAO-induced cell apoptosis. Conclusion: Lymphocytes co-cultured with HCB-SCs exhibit a neuroprotective effect after ischemic stroke by promoting Tregs differentiation and suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation and neuron apoptosis, and might be a promising therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke.
A Variational Data Assimilation Algorithm to Estimate Salinity in the Berre Lagoon with Telemac3D

Variational assimilation of in-situ data for the description of the salinity field in the Berre lagoon is explored. The Berre lagoon is a receptacle of 1000 Mm3 where salty water from the Mediterranean Sea meets fresh water discharged by the hydroelectric plant at SaintChamas and by natural tributaries. Its dynamics are represented by a 3D hydraulic model that simulates the mean tracer and current fields. This simulation should be further improved to allow for the optimization of the operation of the hydroelectric production while preserving the lagoon ecosystem. A 3D-Var FGAT data assimilation algorithm is used to correct the initial salinity state over a 1-hour time window assimilating observations at three fixed buoys each equipped with 5 XBT sensors in the vertical every 15 minutes. The minimization is performed in a space spanned by vectors of the size of the observation vector in order to reduce both memory usage and computational cost. The background error covariance matrix for salinity is modelled using a diffusion operator. The sequential correction of the salinity state improves the representation of the strongly stratified salinity field over the assimilation window as well as in the short-term forecast. The sensitivity of the assimilation to the background error horizontal and vertical length scale was investigated in single observation experiments as well as in a real case study.