Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae

During 1967, 37 patients in an urban general practice were diagnosed as having Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections giving a minimum attack rate of 1.1 per cent. Their varied clinical picture is described, along with the radiographic and haematological findings. Data relating to family infection is presented and the importance of the early school age child in relation to the spread of this infection is stressed. It is suggested that this infection is a ‘general practice illness’ with a low hospital component.
Perspectives on the Use of Adaptive Designs in Clinical Trials. Part I. Statistical Considerations and Issues

With greater and enthusiastic interests in pursuing adaptive design clinical trials, the pharmaceutical industry as a whole is in the midst of gaining better understanding of scientifically sound approaches. In light of the public's greater interests, the Basel Biometric Section (BBS) of the Austo-Swiss Region of the International Biometric Society held a spring conference on “Perspectives on the Use of Adaptive Designs in clinical trials” at Basel University, Basel, Switzerland (March 12, 2010). The conference opened with statistical considerations and issues of adaptive designs in clinical trials, followed by a panel discussion in which international representatives from industry, academia, and regulatory agencies participated. In addition, six presentations were given by individual research groups mainly focusing on adaptive design methodologies, some illustrated with examples. There are two parts in this special article capturing the morning session of the conference. Part I summarizes the highlights given at the statistical considerations and issues session and is presented here. Part II, capturing the panelists' perspectives given at the panel discussion session, can be found immediately following Part I.
Prevention of ectopic bone formation by local application of ethane‐1‐hydroxy‐1,1‐diphosphonate (EHDP): An experimental study in rabbits

This report shows that ectopic bone formation, a serious problem in orthopedic surgery, can be controlled in an animal model by local application of EHDP (disodium‐ethane‐1‐hydroxy‐1,1‐diphosphonate). The results might be particularly pertinent to the clinical problem of preventing the recurrence of ectopic bone after surgical excision. Male New Zealand white rabbits were treated with immobilization and intermittent passive manipulation of the right knee. The treatment caused bone formation in the quadriceps muscle, which was visible on radiographs after 3 weeks. In this model, the effect of methacrylate implants containing EHDP was studied. A concentration of 16 g EHDP/100 g methacrylate inhibited bone formation in experimental cortical defects. Release of radiolabeled EHDP was studied in an in vitro system. The release of the drug was approximately 20 mg/day and implant initially, decreasing to about 0.1 mg/day/implant after 30 days.
Free Delivery: The eect of a delivery fee exemption policy on the utilization of maternal health services in Ghana

User fees are believed to reduce demand for health services but are an important source of revenue and provide incentives to health care providers in developing countries. The elimination of user fees has been advocated as a strategy to increase the utilization of maternity services but the eectiveness of such policies is not well understood. In late 2003, Ghana introduced a delivery fee exemption policy, initially rolling the policy out to 4 of its 10 regions, creating a natural experiment to evaluate the eect of user fees using a dierences-in-die rences study design. My ndings suggest that this policy was eective at increasing the proportion of births supervised by trained medical personnel and the proportion of births delivered in facilities but may have had an adverse eect on the quality of services delivered.
Pathophysiology of Neonatal Lung Injury

Respiratory distress in newborn and young infants often develops as a result of acute lung injury, in which disruption of the normal barrier function of the pulmonary endothelium and epithelium causes protein-rich interstitial and alveolar edema. Several conditions may initiate acute lung injury, including aspiration of meconium or gastric contents, bacterial or viral infection, overzealous resuscitation, and birth associated with incomplete lung development that requires ventilatory support with positivepressure mechanical ventilation and high concentrations of inspired oxygen. The latter condition usually occurs after premature birth, but it also may occur as a consequence of impaired fetal lung growth secondary to diaphragmatic hernia or chest compression from lack of liquid in the amniotic cavity. Acute lung injury sometimes progresses to a chronic form of lung disease, which is characterized by edema, fibrosis, airway distortion, and nonuniform inflation of the lungs.
Role of CCK in Gallbladder Function

Cholecystokinin may play a role in regulation of interdigestive motility, but this still remains to be investigated. CCK constitutes the major hormonal stimulus for postprandial gallbladder emptying. CCK exerts its contractile effects mainly through interaction directly with receptors on the gallbladder smooth muscle cells in the muscle layer, but also through interaction with cholinergic nerves extrinsic and/or intrinsic in nature. Furthermore, CCK can enhance ongoing nicotinic ganglionic transmission occurring in the serosal layer by release of acetylcholine. CCK interaction with the gallbladder smooth muscle CCKA receptor was studied in further detail. CCK contracts strips of gallbladder muscle in a concentration-dependent way with a potency in the nanomolar range in all tested species. The potency is 1,000-fold better than that of gastrin; thus, the receptor is of type CCKA. CCK binding to this receptor is specific and of high affinity, 1,000-fold better than that of gastrin with no differences between the tested species including bovine, porcine, and human. Also, CCK binding affinity was independent of age, gender, or weight of the person and pathology of the human gallbladder. The biochemistry of the CCKA receptor varies between the tested species (bovine and human). Both CCKA receptors are heavily glycosylated, but of different size and carbohydrate content. The bovine CCKA receptor is of apparent size M(r) = 70-85 kD with N-linked complex carbohydrates and sialic acids. The human CCKA receptor is of M(r) = 85-95 kD, with N-linked complex carbohydrates, but no sialic acids. They both have a protein core of apparent size M(r) = 43 kD, with almost identically sized fragments after enzymatic cleavage. Probably the protein cores contain the receptor binding region, which seems well preserved between species. CCK and the CCKA gallbladder muscularis receptor are main regulators of postprandial gallbladder emptying. The biochemistry of the CCKA gallbladder smooth muscle receptor is in accord with newly generated data of purification and cloning of the rat pancreatic CCKA receptor.
Magnetic response of continuous split ring structures at visible frequencies

Split ring resonators (SRRs) have been widely studied as fundamental elements of metamaterials showing magnetic response. In order to search for metamaterials with negative refractive index, we studied the electromagnetic properties of structures with modified SRRs. We proposed a structure composed of continuous SRRs showing both negative µ and negative ε. Experimental results are supported by numerical results to show negative refractive index at visible frequencies.
Electrolyzers Enhancing Flexibility in Electric Grids

This paper presents a real-time simulation with a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL)-based approach for verifying the performance of electrolyzer systems in providing grid support. Hydrogen refueling stations may use electrolyzer systems to generate hydrogen and are proposed to have the potential of becoming smarter loads that can proactively provide grid services. On the basis of experimental findings, electrolyzer systems with balance of plant are observed to have a high level of controllability and hence can add flexibility to the grid from the demand side. A generic front end controller (FEC) is proposed, which enables an optimal operation of the load on the basis of market and grid conditions. This controller has been simulated and tested in a real-time environment with electrolyzer hardware for a performance assessment. It can optimize the operation of electrolyzer systems on the basis of the information collected by a communication module. Real-time simulation tests are performed to verify the performance of the FEC-driven electrolyzers to provide grid support that enables flexibility, greater economic revenue, and grid support for hydrogen producers under dynamic conditions. The FEC proposed in this paper is tested with electrolyzers, however, it is proposed as a generic control topology that is applicable to any load.
Migration and Remittances

Using newly available census data, the stock of international migrants is estimated at 247 million in 2013, significantly larger than the previous estimate of 232 million, and is expected to surpass 250 million in 2015. Migrants’ remittances to developing countries are estimated to have reached $436 billion in 2014, a 4.4 percent increase over the 2013 level. All developing regions recorded positive growth except Europe and Central Asia (ECA), where remittance flows contracted due to the deterioration of the Russian economy and the depreciation of the ruble. In 2015, however, the growth of remittance flows to developing countries is expected to moderate sharply to 0.9 percent to $440 billion, led by a 12.7 percent decline in ECA and slowdown in East Asia and the Pacific, Middle-East and North Africa, and Sub-Saharan Africa. The positive impact on flows of a robust recovery in the US will be partially offset by continued weakness in Europe, the impact of lower oil prices on the Russian economy, the strengthening of the US dollar, and tighter immigration controls in many source countries for remittances. Remittance flows are expected to recover in 2016 to reach $479 billion by 2017, in line with the more positive global economic outlook.
Orthomolecular Oncology Review: Ascorbic Acid and Cancer 25 Years Later

The effect of ascorbic acid on cancer has been a subject of great controversy. This is a follow-up review of the 1979 article by Cameron, Pauling, and Leibovitz published in Cancer Research. In this updated version, the authors address general aspects of ascorbic acid and cancer that have been presented before, while reviewing, analyzing, and updating new existing literature on the subject. In addition, they present and discuss their own mechanistic hypothesis on the effect of ascorbic acid on the cancer cell. The objective of this review is to provide an updated scientific basis for the use of ascorbic acid, especially intravenously as adjuvant treatment in pharmacological nutritional oncology.
Decline of heterozygosity in a large but isolated population: a 45-year examination of moose genetic diversity on Isle Royale

Wildlife conservation and management approaches typically focus on demographic measurements to assess population viability over both short and long periods. However, genetic diversity is an important predictor of long term population vitality. We investigated the pattern of change in genetic diversity in a large and likely isolated moose (Alces alces) population on Isle Royale (Lake Superior) from 1960–2005. We characterized samples, partitioned into five different 5-year periods, using nine microsatellite loci and a portion of the mtDNA control region. We also simulated the moose population to generate a theoretical backdrop of genetic diversity change. In the empirical data, we found that the number of alleles was consistently low and that observed heterozygosity notably declined from 1960 to 2005 (p = 0.08, R2 = 0.70). Furthermore, inbreeding coefficients approximately doubled from 0.08 in 1960–65 to 0.16 in 2000–05. Finally, we found that the empirical rate of observed heterozygosity decline was faster than the rate of observed heterozygosity loss in our simulations. Combined, these data suggest that genetic drift and inbreeding occurred in the Isle Royale moose populations over the study period, leading to significant losses in heterozygosity. Although inbreeding can be mitigated by migration, we found no evidence to support the occurrence of recent migrants into the population using analysis of our mtDNA haplotypes nor microsatellite data. Therefore, the Isle Royale moose population illustrates that even large populations are subjected to inbreeding in the absence of migration.
Simulations of Turbulent Flows with Strong Shocks and Density Variations

In this report, we present the research efforts made by our group at UCLA in the SciDAC project AÂAÂ¢AÂAÂAÂAÂSimulations of turbulent flows with strong shocks and density variationsAÂAÂ¢AÂAÂAÂAÂ. We use shock-fitting methodologies as an alternative to shock-capturing schemes for the problems where a well defined shock is present. In past five years, we have focused on development of high-order shock-fitting Navier-Stokes solvers for perfect gas flow and thermochemical non-equilibrium flow and simulation of shock-turbulence interaction physics for very strong shocks. Such simulation has not been possible before because the limitation of conventional shock capturing methods. The limitation of shock Mach number is removed by using our high-order shock-fitting scheme. With the help of DOE and TeraGrid/XSEDE super computing resources, we have obtained new results which show new trends of turbulence statistics behind the shock which were not known before. Moreover, we are also developing tools to consider multi-species non-equilibrium flows. The main results are in three areas: (1) development of high-order shock-fitting scheme for perfect gas flow, (2) Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) of interaction of realistic turbulence with moderate to very strong shocks using super computing resources, and (3) development and implementation of models for computation of mutli-species non-quilibrium flows with shock-fitting codes.
Tensile Promotions in Display Advertising

To attract the attention of potential customers, firms often advertise the maximum discount offered on any one good in the store, rather than the specific discount offered for the advertised product. However, it is unclear how such tensile claims of, for example, ‘up to 70%’ off, perform. On the one hand, promoting the maximum discount may help ads grab consumer attention in a cluttered advertising environment. On the other hand, consumers may be looking for credible and specific signals in price promotions, not non-specific tensile claims. We use data from an online retailer that experimented with a large number of display advertising campaigns which varied whether they advertised the maximum price discount they offered, or the actual discount on a specific item. Surprisingly, we find that tensile price claims that promote the maximum discount available are, on average, ineffective. A tensile price claim not only reduces a consumer’s likelihood of clicking on an ad but also, conditional on clicking, reduces their likelihood of adding a product to the shopping cart once they have arrived on the retailer’s website. We present evidence that tensile price claims perform better than specific price claims only in instances when consumers are likely to have little price knowledge. One explanation of these results is that tensile promotions are not considered as credible signals, especially by experienced consumers who have more price knowledge. We discuss implications for retailers as well as for policymakers concerned with consumer protection.
Geomorphic Evidence for the Distribution of Ground Ice on Mars

High-resolution Viking orbiter images show evidence for quasi-viscous relaxation of topography. The relaxation is believed to be due to creep deformation of ice in near-surface materials. The global distribution of the inferred ground ice shows a pronounced latitudinal dependence. The equatorial regions of Mars appear to be ice-poor, while the heavily cratered terrain poleward of � 30� latitude appears to be ice-rich. The style of creep poleward of � 30� varies with latitude, possibly due to variations in ice rheology with temperature. The distribution suggests that ice at low latitudes, which is not in equilibrium with the present atmosphere, has been lost via sublimation and diffusion through the regolith, thereby causing a net poleward transport of ice over martian history.
Cell division and the mitotic spindle

from the hyaline kinoplasm. r 'Wilson's work is complemented in the botanical realm by Sharp (3). Belai (4) provides a thorough, thought-provoking examination of achromatic spindle components and varying patterns of mitosis in protists. Morgan (5) illustrates andraises penetrating questions regarding the role of cell division in embryonic development and gene expression.
Extraction de données biographiques depuis Wikipedia

RESUME. L'utilisation du contenu des articles de Wikipedia est frequente dans les recherches academiques. Les modalites pratiques d'exploitation sont cependant rarement analysees. Notre recherche porte sur l'extraction de donnees biographiques relatives a des personnalites originaires de Belgique. Notre recherche sera organisee en trois sections. Une premiere section proposera un etat de l'art en matiere d'extraction de donnees dans l'encyclopedie Wikipedia. Une seconde section presentera le cas pratique de l'extraction de donnees biographiques de personnalites belges. Differentes solutions seront discutees et la solution retenue sera mise en œuvre. Dans une troisieme section, la qualite de l'extraction sera discutee. Des recommandations pratiques a destination des chercheurs souhaitant exploiter Wikipedia seront en outre proposees sur la base de notre cas pratique.
Contributions of different prefrontal cortical regions to abstract rule acquisition and reversal in monkeys

The ability to learn and follow abstract rules relies on intact prefrontal regions including the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Here, we investigate the specific roles of these brain regions in learning rules that depend critically on the formation of abstract concepts as opposed to simpler input-output associations. To this aim, we tested monkeys with bilateral removals of either LPFC or OFC on a rapidly learned task requiring the formation of the abstract concept of same vs. different. While monkeys with OFC removals were significantly slower than controls at both acquiring and reversing the concept-based rule, monkeys with LPFC removals were not impaired in acquiring the task, but were significantly slower at rule reversal. Neither group was impaired in the acquisition or reversal of a delayed visual cue-outcome association task without a concept-based rule. These results suggest that OFC is essential for the implementation of a concept-based rule, whereas LPFC seems essential for its modification once established.
SMART survival metadata analysis responsive tool

Survival analysis is the daily routine in cancer research. However, the data cleaning in the Health Information System (HIS) is always an obstacle, the collection, compilation, analysis, and reporting of health data are riddled with several problems. Mostly, the data from HIS are filling endless registers, collating, incomplete, inaccurate, untimely, obsolete, and unrelated to prioritize tasks. In order to reveal the significant improvement of cancer therapy, we design the Survival Metadata Analysis Responsive Tool (SMART), it is an R-Shiny based web application. It provides Metadata ETL tools for researchers and helps them perform demographic analysis, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, Cox proportional hazard ratio analysis of original HIS datasets. It is a public domain software of abstracting clinical research data, refining research models, and performing survival analysis. The web application and a detailed tutorial are accessible from http://140.112. 30.202:3838/
Mucosal tears and colonic perforation in a patient with collagenous colitis

Collagenous colitis, which is clinically characterized by chronic non-bloody diarrhea, is a variant of microscopic colitis. It can be diagnosed on histological grounds, with thickening of the subepithelial collagen layer [1–3]. The colonic mucosa is usually endoscopically normal, although minor abnormalities such as edema or erythema can be seen [2,3]. Serious complications are rare. A 69-year-old woman was referred to us with non-bloody diarrhea. Fecal analysis showed trophozoites of Dientamoeba fragilis, but treatment with metronidazole did not improve the diarrhea. She underwent colonoscopy, which revealed a diffuse erythematous colon with small, white longitudinal linear ulcerations (●" Fig.1a,b). On insufflation spontaneous longitudinal mucosal tears appeared (●" Fig.1c); while the mucosa was being biopsied, large portions of it came away effortlessly. Therefore, no further examination was undertaken at this stage. Histopathological assessment subsequently showed thickening of the subepithelial collagen layer, consistent with collagenous colitis. After the procedure the patient developed acute abdominal pain. Plain radiography revealed free air. She underwent a laparotomy, during which no perforation was identified and an ileostomy was created. After treatment with budesonide, the patient made a full recovery and 4 months later, a reversal of the ileostomy was performed. Collagenous colitis is increasingly recognized as a cause of chronic non-bloody diarrhea. The exact etiology remains unknown, but several factors may play a role. For example, 40% of patients have an autoimmune disease, such as celiac disease or thyroiditis, suggesting an autoimmune component. Other factors reported as being involved include luminal factors, dietary antigens, several medications, bacterial toxins, dysfunction of myofibroblasts, and bile salts [2,3]. The clinical course of collagenous colitis is usually benign and the colonoftenappears endoscopically normal. Serious complications, such as mucosal tearing or perforation, are extremely rare [4–8]; the exact frequency of this complication being unknown, but probably less than 1%. It is important to recognize that mucosal tears during insufflation are a sign of collagenous colitis. Further endoscopic examination should not be performed, in order to prevent more damage and perforations.