Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Safety profile of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide ferumoxtran‐10: Phase II clinical trial data

The safety data from the phase II clinical trial of ferumoxtran‐10, an ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide contrast agent, are presented. One hundred and four patients with focal liver or spleen pathologies underwent ferumoxtran‐10‐enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at doses of 0.8, 1.1, and 1.7 mg Fe/kg. Overall, 15% patients reported a total of 33 adverse events, regardless of causality. The adverse events most frequently seen were dyspnea (3.8%), chest pain (2.9%), and rash (2.9%). No serious adverse events were reported during the 48 hour observation period. There were no clinically significant effects on vital signs, physical examination, and laboratory results. Ferumoxtran‐10 is a safe and well tolerated MR contrast agent.J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 1999;9:291–294. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Scalable, Secure, and Energy-Efficient Image Representation for Wireless Systems

The recent growth in wireless communications presents a new challenge to multimedia communications. Digital image transmission is a very common form of multimedia communication. Due to limited bandwidth and broadcast nature of the wireless medium, it is necessary to compress and encrypt images before they are sent. On the other hand, it is important to efficiently utilize the limited energy in wireless devices. In a wireless device, two major sources of energy consumption are energy used for computation and energy used for transmission. Computation energy can be reduced by minimizing the time spent on compression and encryption. Transmission energy can be reduced by sending a smaller image file that is obtained by compressing the original highest quality image. Image quality is often sacrificed in the compression process. Therefore, users should have the flexibility to control the image quality to determine whether such a tradeoff is acceptable. It is also desirable for users to have control over image quality in different areas of the image so that less important areas can be compressed more, while retaining the details in important areas. To reduce computations for encryption, a partial encryption scheme can be employed to encrypt only the critical parts of an image file, without sacrificing security. This thesis proposes a scalable and secure image representation scheme that allows users to select different image quality and security levels. The binary space partitioning (BSP) tree presentation is selected because this representation allows convenient compression and scalable encryption. The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is chosen as the encryption algorithm because it is fast and secure. Our experimental result shows that our new tree construction method and our pruning formula reduces execution time, hence computation energy, by about 90%. Our image quality prediction model accurately predicts image quality to within 23dB of the actual image PSNR.
Academic Instant Messaging System Deploying Instant Messaging Over an Existing Session Initiation Protocol and LDAP Service Infrastructure Using the Message Session Relay Protocol

In the last years, proliferation of the Instant Messaging (IM) systems occurred. This growth is propelled by the widespread usage of Internet and people’s innate needs to communicate virtually anywhere and at anytime. Instituto Superior Técnico (IST) is a leading Engineer faculty in Portugal, with a total population of 10,000 users. Network access at IST is available almost anywhere, both in wireless and wired modes. In this and similar academic environments, IM is a powerful collaborating tool, providing remote and instantaneous communication between users. This work consists on planning, developing and deploying an IM system solution for IST’s community, adapted to its current service infrastructure. IM addresses and accounts are associated with the central Identity Provider (IdP) service. This association enables the fast deployment of the optional IM service and its widespread use. The IM system is supported by the current Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) infrastructures using the SIP Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE) standards. This IM service is based on the development of a Java generic purpose open source Message Session Relay Protocol (MSRP) peer library, and its integration with a popular Java multiprotocol IM open source client, Sip-Communicator. This work results in a contribution to the open source and IM worlds by means of software development, and deployment of an IM beta-stage system. The carried implementations as well as evaluations and results are presented. Tests were devised and executed to draw conclusions about the correct provisioning of resources for future versions of the IM system.
Mechanical design of a quadruped robot for horizontal ground to vertical wall movement

In this paper, an emphasis is given towards the mechanical structure of a quadruped robot which is able to walk on ground, climb on vertical walls, and perform the ground-wall-movement automatically. An overview of the robot is shown and the configuration, number of DOFs, and actuation system of the leg are analyzed. The biologically inspired gaits of the robot are discussed. The movement of the leg from the ground to the wall is analyzed. The integrated leg movement-trunk regulation sequences are simulated. The trajectories of specific points on the trunk are traced, showing the limits for safe movement inside meandrous chimneys or zigzag tubing.
Features Selection and Weight learning for Punjabi Text Summarization

This paper concentrates on features selection and weight learning for Punjabi Text Summarization. Text Summarization is condensing the source text into a shorter version preserving its information content. It is the process of selecting important sentences from the original document and concatenating them into shorter form. The importance of sentences is decided based on statistical and linguistic features of sentences. For Punjabi language text Summarization, some of statistical features that often increase the candidacy of a sentence for inclusion in summary are: Sentence length feature, Punjabi Keywords selection feature (TF-ISF approach) and number feature. Some of linguistic features that often increase the candidacy of a sentence for inclusion in summary are: Punjabi sentence headline feature, next line feature, Punjabi noun feature, Punjabi proper noun feature, common English-Punjabi noun feature, cue phrase feature and presence of title keywords in a sentence. Mathematical regression is used to estimate the text feature weights based on fuzzy scores of sentences of 50 Punjabi news documents.
DESIGN OF A DAMPING CONTROLLER FOR SVC USING AINET

This paper investigates the ability of Artificial Immune Network Algorithm (AINet) in designing a supplementary controller for Static Var Compensators (SVC) to damp the power system inter-area oscillation. For this the parameters of the supplementary controller are determined by AINet using an eigenvalue-based objective function. The numerical results are presented on a 2-area 4-machine system to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed method. Also, to validate the results obtained by AINet, Real Immune Algorithm (RIA) using clonal selection is applied for comparison. To show the effectiveness of the designed controllers, a three phase fault is applied at a bus. The simulation study shows that the designed controller by AINet performs better than RIA using clonal selection in finding the solution.
Telemetry: enhancing tactical network management

A prototype was developed to process telemetry messages from tactical transmission assemblages in a digital group multiplexer (DGM) network and present status information to the nodal network manager. A data orderwire (DOW) system continuously forwards telemetry data from each DGM assemblage within the network. The DOW system is readily available for use, yet there is no capability at an Army tactical communications node to monitor the telemetry data within the DOW. Telemetry messages contain status information, including subcomponent alarms, for each DGM assemblage in the transmission network. This paper details the design approach for a telemetry processing prototype as well as background information on the DOW system. The telemetry processing prototype runs within a graphical user interface on a 486 personal computer (PC) that interfaces with the nodal communications system control element (CSCE) at each tactical communications node. The nodal CSCE contains the equipment which terminates the DOW. From a central location, the prototype can simultaneously monitor alarms from all DGM assemblages within a node's portion of the overall transmission network. Ongoing enhancements will extend the usefulness of telemetry data throughout the entire network, allowing the Army to project technical expertise in support of signal force projection. <<ETX>>
Experimental characterization of a self-calibrating delay-locked delay-line

The results arising from the experimental characterization of an on-chip all-digital non-linearity calibration technique for digitally controllable delay-locked delay-lines (DLLs) are presented in this work. A 32-tap DLL in which the delay introduced by each delay element can individually be controlled by means of a digital control word has been designed, fabricated using a 0.6 /spl mu/m 3-metal CMOS process and extensively tested. The delay-line is provided with an all-digital calibration circuit that is able to correct the non-linearity of each cell with an iterative algorithm. The non-linearity of each cell is first measured by means of a statistical test and then properly corrected. The experimental results completely match with theory and simulations, showing outstanding maximum non-linearities very close to /spl plusmn/1% after the calibration. "Almost ideal" DLLs are thus obtained.
Conceptualising Smart Spaces for Learning

Abstract: Selecting appropriate learning services for a learner from the large number of heterogeneous knowledge sources is a complex and challenging task. This paper presents the idea of Smart Spaces for Learning. A Smart Space for Learning is defined as a distributed system (ie "space") that provides management support for the "smart" retrieval and consumption of heterogeneous learning services via Personal Learning Assistants. Personalisation and system interoperability play an important role for the realisation of a Smart Space for Learning. In this paper we illustrate and discuss how Semantic Web technologies such as RDF, TRIPLE, QEL and ontologies can be applied to create a Smart Space for Learning. Invited Commentary: McGreal, R. (2004) Commentary on: Simon, B. , Dolog. , P., Miklos, Z. , Olmedilla, D. and Sintek, M. (2004). Conceptualising Smart Spaces for Learning. [PDF] Editors: Terry Anderson and Denise Whitelock.
A Controlled Experiment Measuring the Effect of Procedure Argument Type Checking on Programmer Productivity

Abstract : Type checking is considered an important mechanism for detecting programming errors, especially interface errors. This report describes an experiment to assess the error-detection capabilities of static intermodule type checking. The experiment uses ANSI C and Kernighan & Ritchie (K&R) C. The relevant difference is that the ANSI C compiler checks module interfaces (i.e., the parameter lists of calls to external functions), whereas K&R C does not. The experiment employs a counterbalanced design in which each subject writes two non-trivial programs that interface with a complex library (Motif). Each subject writes one program in ANSI C and one in K&R C. The input to each compiler run is saved and manually analyzed for errors. Results indicate that delivered ANSI C programs contain significantly fewer interface errors than delivered K&R C programs. Furthermore, after subjects have gained some familiarity with the interface they are using, ANSI C programmers remove errors faster and are more productive (measured in both time to completion and functionality implemented). This report describes the design, setup, and results of the experiment including complete source code and error lists.
A New Actuation Concept for Human-Friendly Robot Design

ecently, there has been increasing interest in the emerging field of humancentered robotics. This field focuses on applications such as medical robotics and service robotics, which require close interaction between robotic manipulation systems and human beings, including direct human-manipulator contact. As a result, human-centered robotic systems must consider the requirements of safety in addition to the traditional metrics of performance. To achieve safety we must employ multiple strategies involving all aspects of manipulator design, including the mechanical, electrical, and software architectures. Immediate improvement can often be realized with the use of electronic hardware and software safety mechanisms that intelligently monitor and control manipulator operations. Additional improvements can be realized in the mechanical design. The elimination of pinch points and sharp edges can eliminate the potential for laceration or abrasion injuries. However, the most serious hazard present when working in close proximity with robotic manipulators is the potential for large impact loads, which can result in serious injury or death. To evaluate the potential for serious injury due to impact we can make use of an empirical formula developed by the automotive industry to correlate head acceleration to injury severity known as the head injury criteria (HIC). A simple two-degree-offreedom mass-spring model can be used to predict head accelerations that would occur during an uncontrolled impact. In combination with the HIC index, predicted accelerations are used to estimate the likelihood of serious injury occurring during an impact between a robotic manipulator and a human. For the PUMA 560, an impact velocity of 1 m/s produces a maximum HIC greater than 500, more than enough to cause injury (see Figure 1). [The HIC index is correlated with the maximum abbreviated injury scale (MAIS) to provide a mapping from the calculated HIC values to the likelihood of an occurrence of a specific injury severity level. In Figure 1, HIC values and the corresponding likelihood of a concussive injury (or greater) are shown. ] As seen in Figure 1, the addition of a compliant covering can reduce impact loading by an order of magnitude or more. However, the amount of compliant material required to reduce impact loads to a safe level can be substantial. (For the PUMA robot, the required thickness of a compliant cover is more than 5 in, assuming an impact velocity of 1 m/s and an allowable maximum HIC index of 100.) Clearly, adding large amounts of compliant covering is impractical and does not address the root cause of high-impact loads; namely, the large A New Actuation Concept for Human-Friendly Robot Design
A Position Estimation of Vehicle using Adaptive Kalman Filter based on Moving Pattern

Generally, in railroad and aviation fields which require high stability systems, detecting global position with credibility is an essential factor. In this thesis, a technique to detect global position of vehicles (train service) moving in a set pattern in a limited situation will be introduced. An adaptive position filter will be used for the technique to detect global location which was designed based on Rudolf Emil Kalman’s Kalman filter. Also, to position the position data estimated by the adaptive position filter in actual road and railroads, a map matching technique was used to match road and railroads to estimate the final global position.
Extract Transform and Load Strategy for Unstructured Data into Data Warehouse Using Map Reduce Paradigm and Big Data Analytics

2, 3 ABSTRACT: Analytics over the huge volume of data is now possible with Big data. Data keep on accumulated on every minute from multitude data sources such as social media, mobile devices, and sensors. In order to extract insights from diverse information feeds from multiple, often unrelated sources, data need to be correlated or harmonized to a common level of granularity. Loading Unstructured Data into Data warehouse getting complex. A strategy for fetching the unstructured data into Hadoop Distributed File System is discussed. Data cleansing and profiling of extracted data is important to overcome data quality concerns. Transform phase carried with map reduce frame work. Computation ratio, Network band width and Data locality parameters are monitored with full dump and Incremental load operations. Pig Latin is used to process data from Hadoop Distributed File System and finally load the process data into HDFS file or Data warehouse. Aggregated data from Pig is minimal Subset of Data is Loaded to Data warehouse for Business Analytics and Enterprise Reporting. Based on the Performance related parameters appropriate strategy is suggested for Different type of application.
Performance issues in public ABR service

The available bit rate (ABR) service attracted much attention during the negotiations leading to Traffic Management Specification Version 4.0, finalized by the ATM Forum. In thr ABR service, feedback flow control of the source rate is provided in response to the changing asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)-layer transfer characteristics. The reference behavior of the source end system, the destination end system, and the switch, as detailed in the specification, allows cooperative control among these systems. The performance of the public ABR service is discussed in connection with the evolution of ATM switches. Public networks with first-generation switches provide an ABR service with a limited peak cell rate (PCR), while those with second-generation switches can provide an ABR service with any PCR. In such networks, TCP-over-ABR works well. Point-to-multipoint ABR will be provided in advanced switches. A method is proposed for maintaining the throughput of point-to-multipoint ABR when the number of leaves is increased.
Step-Up DC/DC Converter Based on Partial Power Processing

This paper suggests a maiden topology of step-up dc/dc transformer-less converter on basis of the partial power processing concept which has been integrated with the classic boost converter structure. This converter has a high gain as compared to the conventional boost converter. The input dc power is directly connected to the output capacitors and load without being processed by the converter. Where-through, the voltage stress of semiconductors comes to be lower than output voltage. To verify and clarify the suggested converter, the experimental prototype has been presented along with relevant mathematical principles. To sum up, the MATLAB simulation results and the experimental results have transparently approved high efficiency of proposed converter as well as its feasibility.
Enterprise JavaBeans(EJB) 컴포넌트의 성능 측정 방법

IBM사의 San Francisco 프로젝트 성공이후 컴포넌트 시장은 성장하고 있다. 컴포넌트 기반 개발 방법의 사용이 보편화되면 응용 프로그램은 필요한 컴포넌트들을 조립하여 개발하게 될 것이다. 컴포넌트는 응용프로그램의 성능에 많은 영향을 미치게 된다. 기존의 방법만으로는 컴포넌트의 특징이 고려되지 않기 때문에 분산 컴포넌트의 성능을 비교하는 데에 적합하지 않다. 기존의 컴포넌트 측정방법에는 컴포넌트의 응답시간, 효율(throughput), 메소드(method) 처리 시간, 풀(pool)의 개수에 따른 에러 발생률들이 있다. 본 논문에서는 분산응용을 위한 컴포넌트의 성능을 축정하는 추가적인 방법을 제안한다. 첫째 각 빈들의 처리 응답시간이다. 둘째 트랜잭션의 응답시간이다. 셋째 풀(pool)안에서 객체 개수에 따른 응답시간이다. 객체 수에 따른 컴포넌트 처리 시간이다. 넷째 컴포넌트 알고리즘 처리시간이다. 다섯째 힙(heap) 사용률이다. 이에 컴포넌트 구매자는 성능에 대한 객관적인 데이터로 보고 선택적으로 컴포넌트를 구입할 수 있다.
Half a Nation Saw Nuclear War and Nobody Blinked

The most unhealthy psychological response of Americans to the threat of nuclear war may well be inattention. Warfare with nuclear weapons constitutes a grave threat to the health of all of humanity. The nuclear arms situation today includes ongoing nuclear weapons production, targeting of population centers with nuclear weapons, the spread of nuclear-weapons-making capacities to nations not yet armed with nuclear weapons, and dependence on nuclear arms for national security. Polled on the topic of nuclear war, most Americans think its eventual occurrence highly likely and ascribe to it extreme, even total, destructiveness. Yet when adult Americans are surveyed on their emotional or behavioral responses to the prospect of nuclear war, they report (and exhibit) an astounding lack of engagement with regard to the issue. In a 1982 national survey of Americans age 18 and over, which registered the usual opinion regarding the significant likelihood and
Characterization of wind fronts in SAR images

Wind fronts in SAR images can be investigated by combining a Bragg model for the backscatter cross section with a kinematic wind front boundary condition. However, it is shown that in order to apply the method, the backscatter should vary as a power of the wind speed. The method is illustrated on wind fronts observed during NORCSEX'91. <<ETX>>
The Research of Active Cartography Model Based on Spatial Statistic Data

This paper gives out the design of active cartography model based on spatial statistic data through studying the two key technologies, namely the classification system of spatial statistic data which is suitable to map theme cartography visualization models and the fitting relationship of map cartography visualization models to classifications of spatial statistic data. The active cartography model can renew the knowledge of cartography and relationship between cartography models and data classification by the support of Bayesian classification tool, which helps to enhance practicability of cartography and establish the foundation for active cartography service in most possible fields, including emergency management for disasters, agriculture information system, etc.
IEEE Standard for Synchrophasors for Power Systems

IEEE Standard 1344, Synchrophasors for Power Systems, was completed in 1995. It sets parameters required to ensure that phasor measurement will be made and communicated in a consistent manner. It specifies requirements for the timing signal used for phasor synchronization and the time code needed for input to a measurement unit. GPS is the recommended time source and IRIG-B is the basic format used for time communication. The standard requires correlating phasors computed from unsynchronized and synchronized sampling to a common basis. Timetagging accurately and consistently is essential for wide area comparison of phase. The standard specifies information exchange and control message formats. These include data output, configuration, and command messages. It includes 7 annexes that discuss the concepts covered in the body of the standard.
MAC layer misbehavior in MANETs

Abstract In mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), the IEEE 802.11 CSMA/CA is deployed as the primary medium-access control (MAC) layer protocol to schedule the access to the wireless medium. The IEEE 802.11 standard was designed with the assumption that nodes would never deviate from the protocol. However, MANET nodes may purposefully show misbehavior at the MAC layer to obtain more bandwidth or degrade the network performance and disrupt the network services. This paper reviews and classifies the most important strategies generating MAC layer misbehavior based on their objectives and operating principles. Then, it examines some of the recent proposed solutions and mechanisms for detecting and preventing MAC layer misbehavior. A comparison of the studied solutions is carried out using a set of critical evaluation metrics. Finally, the paper concludes with a brief summary of key ideas and a general direction that can provide a basis for future work.