Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Keys, phylogenies and biogeography of Polypedilum subgenus Uresipedilum Oyewo et Saeher (Diptera, Chironomidae)

Keys to the males of the 48 known species of the subgenus Uresipedilum Oyewo et Saether of Polypedilum Kieffer, and of the known pupae and larvae are presented. P. (U.) chubetudeeum Sasa et Suzuki is regarded as a synonym of P. (U.) aviceps Townes. Parsimony analyses show that the subgenus can be divided into four tentative main groups: the cultellatum group, the pedatum group, the albicorpum group, and the convictum group. Brooks parsimony analyses (BPA) and Bremer estimate was used to assess the geographic co-evolution and make comparisons with other subgenera. Dispersal via a Beringian connection between East Asia and the Nearctic Region is clear with further dispersal south to Guatemala and Peru more tenuous. There also are indications of connections between the Afrotropical region, South and East Asia, Australia and New Zealand. This may be direct dispersal by mean of floating detritus rather than Gondwanian vicariance as Polypedilum is common on several oceanic islands. The same distribution patterns are apparent in other subgenera as well as in other basal Chironomini. However, while there are no clear indication of vicariance between the Neotropical and Afrotropical regions in Uresipedilum such vicariance is evident in the subgenera Tripodura Townes and Cerobregma Oyewo et Saether as well as in Nilothauma Kieffer.
LKH mejorado para gestión de claves en grupos multicast

The most important efficiency parameters in Multicast Security are storage, delivery and update of cryptographic keys. Traditionally these actions are performed by a centralized trusted third party called the Key Server (KS). Different works have been presented that address the issue of minimizing storage for KS and required bandwidth for updating keys. We present a method for multicast rekeying using a broadcast encryption technique and pseudo-random functions in order to reduce number of sent messages for rekeying and minimize the number of keys to store by the KS.
Interplay between HDAC6 and its interacting partners: essential roles in the aggresome-autophagy pathway and neurodegenerative diseases.

Cytoplasmic localization and possession of two deacetylase domains and a ubiquitin-binding domain make histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) a unique histone deacetylase. HDAC6 interacts with a number of proteins in the cytoplasm. Some of these proteins can be deacetylated by HDAC6 deacetylase activity. Others can affect HDAC6 functions by modulating its catalytic activity or ubiquitin-binding capability. Over the last decade, HDAC6 has been shown to play important roles in the aggresome-autophagy pathway, which selectively targets on protein aggregates or damaged organelles for their accumulation and clearance in cells. HDAC6-interacting partners are integral components in this pathway with regard to their regulatory roles through interaction with HDAC6. The aggresome-autophagy pathway appears to be an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases as accumulation of protein aggregates are hallmarks in these diseases. In the current review, I discuss the molecular details of how HD.
APPLICATION OF THE FINITE-VOLUME METHOD TO FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTION ANALYSIS

This paper describes the development of an integrated finite-volume (FV) technique for the numerical simulation of unsteady, turbulent, fluid-structure interaction (FSI) in internal flow systems. Specifically, the case of turbulent flow through a compliant walled aneurysm has been used as a test case to illustrate the method and the resulting predictions are shown to be in good agreement with published numerical data. The accurate and efficient simulation of such flows can provide useful information for an important category of physiological flows and can potentially be used to develop future treatments. The FSI simulations have been preceded by computations of steady and unsteady turbulent flow through rigid walled aneurysms of varying geometry, in order to ensure that the turbulence model used is suitable for this type of flow. This FSI solver has been developed by coupling an existing CFD code to a FV based stress analysis code, especially developed for this purpose. The FV approach is preferred because it is the approachwidely adopted for the simulation of turbulent flows and the integrated, all-in-one approach is chosen because of its superior efficiency in time-dependent simulations. The stress analysis code solves a discretized form of the unsteady elasticity equations, written in terms of displacement, using the FV method
An Investigation of Social Engineering Techniques towards Graphical Password Authentication

Recently, social engineering has been considered as one of the main processes to break through the information security. Social engineering technique is the way to get unauthorized information and penetrating accounts through the use of non-technical methods rely on the skills of the hacker in the ability to deceive others and persuade them to get as much information. Nowadays, social engineering techniques are considered the most ways that are used to attack and steal the information all over the world, for that it is becoming necessary to study this kind of attacks and find methods that protect the information from the attacks such as graphical password. The main aim of this paper is to thoroughly explain social engineering methods. In addition, the paper will also present a study conducted to compare the graphical password types (click-based and choice-based graphical password) towards passwords guessing, a branch of social engineering methods. To achieve this goal a survey was conducted by distributing a questionnaire to 50 participants. The data were analyzed via SPSS. Results show that choicebased graphical passwords can resist the attacks more than a click-based graphical passwords. Keywords—graphical passwords, social engineering authentication, knowledge-based.
MicroRNA target identification: lessons from hypoxamiRs.

SIGNIFICANCE MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that have emerged as key regulators of many physiological and pathological processes, including those relevant to hypoxia such as cancer, neurological dysfunctions, myocardial infarction, and lung diseases. RECENT ADVANCES During the last 5 years, miRNAs have been shown to play a role in the regulation of the cellular response to hypoxia. The identification of several bona fide targets of these hypoxamiRs has underlined their pleiotropic functions and the complexity of the molecular rules directing miRNA::target transcript pairing. CRITICAL ISSUES This review outlines the main in silico and experimental approaches used to identify the targetome of hypoxamiRs and presents new recent relevant methodologies for future studies. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Since hypoxia plays key roles in many pathophysiological conditions, the precise characterization of regulatory hypoxamiRs networks will be instrumental both at a fundamental level and for their future potential therapeutic applications.
Jsonya/dm: A Univocal JSON Interpretation

in English—Despite its popularity as a data interchange format, JSON still lacks a commonly accepted data model and is defined only syntactically. Because of its simplicity, it may appear that the textual representation already conveys all the needed meaning; however, in the context of global Internet-centric applications, where many different technologies interact, the lack of defined semantics can lead to serious interoperability issues. In this paper we explicitly attack this problem: we look at the most common JSON interpretations and examine the potential ambiguities of JSON, and then we introduce Jsonya/dm – a strictly defined, language-neutral data model for JSON, which allows consistent interpretation of JSON regardless of the specific environment. To evaluate it, we examine 63 existing JSON libraries for 10 programming languages; the analysis confirms that Jsonya/dm both reflects the established conventions and addresses the potential incompatibilities between these libraries. Keywords—JSON, information model, data model, interoperability Abstract in Russian—Несмотря на свою популярность, формат обмена данных JSON до сих пор не имеет общепринятой модели данных и дефинируется только синтаксически. Из-за его простоты может показаться, что текстовое представление уже передает все необходимые значения. Однако, в контексте глобальных интернет-ориентированных приложений, где множество разных технологий взаимодействуют между собой, отсутствие определенной семантики может привести к серьезным проблемам совместимости. in Russian—Несмотря на свою популярность, формат обмена данных JSON до сих пор не имеет общепринятой модели данных и дефинируется только синтаксически. Из-за его простоты может показаться, что текстовое представление уже передает все необходимые значения. Однако, в контексте глобальных интернет-ориентированных приложений, где множество разных технологий взаимодействуют между собой, отсутствие определенной семантики может привести к серьезным проблемам совместимости. В этой статье мы прямо атакуем эту проблему: мы рассматриваем самые популярные интерпретации JSON, исследуем его потенциальные двусмысленности, а затем вводим Jsonya/dm строго дефинированную, языковонейтральную модель данных для JSON, предлагающую одинаковую интерпретацию независимо от конкретной среды. Для оценки модели мы рассматриваем 63 существующих JSON библиотек для 10 языков программирования. Анализ подтверждает, что Jsonya/dm одновременно отражает установленные конвенции и исправляет потенциальные несовместимости между этими библиотеками. Keywords—JSON, информационная модель, модель данных, совместимость
A novel magnetic-geared outer-rotor permanent-magnet brushless motor

This paper presents the design and simulation of a novel magnetic-geared outer-rotor permanent magnet (PM) brushless motor for direct drive with low speed. The proposed motor artfully integrates the magnetic gear and PM brushless machine. It can reduce the normal electric synchronous speed to a low operation speed and the motor can be controlled conveniently. A 136 rpm 5 Nm prototype is successfully designed and analyzed. Its performance is verified with finite element method (FEM).
Networking Interest and Networked Structure

This study examines the relationship between individuals’ networking interests and a group’s networked structure. The data set includes 25,651 members and 12,638 mentions from Twitter-mediated communities in South Korea. Using social network and web impact analyses, we investigated the micro- and macro linkage between individuals’ interests and groups’ structure, the meso-level analysis of individual-to-individual relationships, and the hyperlinked content shared in each community. Findings suggest that different interests of individuals in joining online communities were associated with variations in those communities’ network structures: Communities with sociopolitical goals had a denser network structure and communities for interpersonal interests had a more reciprocated network. Communities for information access exhibited greater dependence on a single member, contrary to the communities for information sharing. Types of content shared in the communities also varied by interests. These findings led us to compose a network topology with visual representation, based on sociopolitical, informational, and interpersonal interests.
Species Tailoured Contribution of Volumetric Growth and Tissue Convergence to Posterior Body Elongation in Vertebrates

Axial elongation is a widespread mechanism propelling the generation of the metazoan body plan. A widely accepted model is that of posterior growth, where new tissue is continually added from the posterior unsegmented tip of the body axis. A key question is whether or not such a posterior growth zone generates sufficient additional tissue volume to generate elongation of the body axis, and the degree to which this is balanced with tissue convergence and/or growth in already segmented regions of the body axis. We applied a multi-scalar morphometric analysis during posterior axis elongation in zebrafish. Importantly, by labelling of specific regions/tissues and tracking their deformation, we observed that the unsegmented region does not generate additional tissue volume at the caudal tip. Instead, it contributes to axis elongation by extensive tissue deformation at constant volume. We show that volumetric growth occurs in the segmented portion of the axis and can be attributed to an increase in the size and length of the spinal cord and notochord. FGF inhibition blocks tissue convergence within the tailbud and unsegmented region rather than affecting volumetric growth, showing that a conserved molecular mechanism can control convergent morphogenesis, even if by different cell behaviours. Finally, a comparative morphometric analysis in lamprey, dogfish, zebrafish and mouse reveal a differential contribution of volumetric growth that is linked to a switch between external and internal modes of development. We propose that posterior growth is not a conserved mechanism to drive axis elongation in vertebrates. It is instead associated with an overall increase in growth characteristic of internally developing embryos that undergo embryonic development concomitantly with an increase in energy supply from the female parent.
Motion coordination for a mobile robot in dynamic environments

Generating coordinated motion for a mobile robot operating in natural, continuously changing environments among moving obstacles such as humans is a complex task which requires the solution of various sub problems. In this thesis, we will cover the topics of perception and navigation in dynamic environments, as well as reasoning about the motion of the obstacles and of the robot itself. Perception is mainly considered for a laser range finder, and an according method for obstacle detection and tracking is proposed. Network optimization algorithms are used for data association in the tracking step, resulting in considerable robustness with respect to clutter by small objects. Navigation in general is accomplished using an adaptation of the velocity obstacle approach to the given vehicle kinematics, and cooperative motion coordination between the robot and a human guide is achieved using an appropriate selection rule for collision-free velocities. Next, the robot is enabled to compare its path to the path of a human guide using one of a collection of presented distance measures, which permits the detection of exceptional conditions. Furthermore, a taxonomy for the assessment of situations concerning the robot is presented, and following a summary of existing approaches to more intelligent and comprehensive perception, we propose a method for obstruction detection. Finally, a new approach to reflective navigation behaviors is described where the robot reasons about intelligent moving obstacles in its environment, which allows to adjust the character of the robot motion from regardful and defensive to more self-confident and aggressive behaviors.
Answering complex questions : supervised approaches

The term “Google” has become a verb for most of us. Search engines, however, have certain limitations. For example ask it for the impact of the current global financial crisis in different parts of the world, and you can expect to sift through thousands of results for the answer. This motivates the research in complex question answering where the purpose is to create summaries of large volumes of information as answers to complex questions, rather than simply offering a listing of sources. Unlike simple questions, complex questions cannot be answered easily as they often require inferencing and synthesizing information from multiple documents. Hence, this task is accomplished by the query-focused multidocument summarization systems. In this thesis we apply different supervised learning techniques to confront the complex question answering problem. To run our experiments, we consider the DUC-2007 main task. A huge amount of labeled data is a prerequisite for supervised training. It is expensive and time consuming when humans perform the labeling task manually. Automatic labeling can be a good remedy to this problem. We employ five different automatic annotation techniques to build extracts from human abstracts using ROUGE, Basic Element (BE) overlap, syntactic similarity measure, semantic similarity measure and Extended String Subsequence Kernel (ESSK). The representative supervised methods we use are Support Vector Machines (SVM), Conditional Random Fields (CRF), Hidden Markov Models (HMM) and Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt). We annotate DUC-2006 data and use them to train our systems, whereas 25 topics of DUC-2007 data set are used as test data. The evaluation results reveal the impact of automatic labeling methods on the performance of the supervised approaches to complex question answering. We also experiment with two ensemble-based approaches that show promising results for this problem domain.
Anchor negatively regulates BMP signaling to control Drosophila wing development

Summary statement The novel gene anchor is the ortholog of vertebrate GPR155, which contributes to preventing wing disc tissue overgrowth and limiting the phosphorylation of Mad in presumptive veins during the pupal stage. G protein-coupled receptors play a particularly important function in many organisms. The novel Drosophila gene anchor is the ortholog of vertebrate GPR155, and its molecular function and biological process are not yet known, especially in wing development. Knocking down anchor resulted in increased wing size and extra and thickened veins. These abnormal wing phenotypes are similar to those observed in gain-of-function of BMP signaling experiments. We observed that the BMP signaling indicator p-Mad was significantly increased in anchor RNAi-induced wing discs in larvae and that it also abnormally accumulated in intervein regions in pupae. Furthermore, the expression of BMP signaling pathway target genes were examined using a lacZ reporter, and the results indicated that omb and sal were substantially increased in anchor knockdown wing discs. In a study of genetic interactions between Anchor and BMP signaling pathway, the broadened and ectopic vein tissues were rescued by knocking down BMP levels. The results suggested that the function of Anchor is to negatively regulate BMP signaling during wing development and vein formation, and that Anchor targets or works upstream of Dpp.
Functional Morphology of the Human Ovary.

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Population genomic scans reveal novel genes underlie convergent flowering time evolution in the introduced range of Arabidopsis thaliana

A long-standing question in evolutionary biology is whether the evolution of convergent phenotypes results from selection on the same heritable genetic components. Using whole genome sequencing and genome scans, we tested whether the evolution of parallel longitudinal flowering time clines in the native and introduced ranges of Arabidopsis thaliana has a similar genetic basis. We found that common variants of large effect on flowering time in the native range do not appear to have been under recent strong selection in the introduced range. Genes in regions of the genome that are under selection for flowering time are also not enriched for functions related to development or environmental sensing. We instead identified a set of 53 new candidate genes putatively linked to the evolution of flowering time in the species introduced range. A high degree of conditional neutrality of flowering time variants between the native and introduced range may preclude parallel evolution at the level of genes. Overall, neither gene pleiotropy nor available standing genetic variation appears to have restricted the evolution of flowering time in the introduced range to high frequency variants from the native range or to known flowering time pathway genes.
A PROLOG-based connectivity verification tool

A connectivity verification program implemented in PROLOG is presented. The major advantage of this program, called VERCON, over existing approaches is that it always works, irrespective of circuit topology. VERCON's approach to connectivity verification is to extract all the different designer-specified subcircuits from the flat transistor description. Verification is achieved when the top-level object is extracted and there are no transistors which were not used to form the top-level object. Although VERCON is a research prototype, several valuable conclusions have been drawn that will aid the design of a connectivity verification program written in C. <<ETX>>
Redox-relevant aspects of the extracellular matrix and its cellular contacts via integrins.

SIGNIFICANCE The extracellular matrix (ECM) fulfills essential functions in multicellular organisms. It provides the mechanical scaffold and environmental cues to cells. Upon cell attachment, the ECM signals into the cells. In this process, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are physiologically used as signalizing molecules. RECENT ADVANCES ECM attachment influences the ROS-production of cells. In turn, ROS affect the production, assembly and turnover of the ECM during wound healing and matrix remodeling. Pathological changes of ROS levels lead to excess ECM production and increased tissue contraction in fibrotic disorders and desmoplastic tumors. Integrins are cell adhesion molecules which mediate cell adhesion and force transmission between cells and the ECM. They have been identified as a target of redox-regulation by ROS. Cysteine-based redox-modifications, together with structural data, highlighted particular regions within integrin heterodimers that may be subject to redox-dependent conformational changes along with an alteration of integrin binding activity. CRITICAL ISSUES In a molecular model, a long-range disulfide-bridge within the integrin β-subunit and disulfide bridges within the genu and calf-2 domains of the integrin α-subunit may control the transition between the bent/inactive and upright/active conformation of the integrin ectodomain. These thiol-based intramolecular cross-linkages occur in the stalk domain of both integrin subunits, whereas the ligand-binding integrin headpiece is apparently unaffected by redox-regulation. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Redox-regulation of the integrin activation state may explain the effect of ROS in physiological processes. A deeper understanding of the underlying mechanism may open new prospects for the treatment of fibrotic disorders.
Similar Scene Classification Research Based on Dense Matching

Scene classification is one of the important topics of computer vision, and the classification of similar scenes is even more challenging. This paper proposes a new method for image representation suitable for such a task. First, a displacement vector map of an input scene image can be obtained by utilizing SIFT-Flow. Then, the map is segmented into spatial blocks, so that information about the matching result can be used for creating a representation for the image. Finally, scene images can be classified by Supported Vector Machine (SVM). The proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art approaches for classifying similar scenes.