Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sex Differences in Workplace Satisfaction and Engagement of Academic Pathologists: Opportunities to Enhance Faculty Diversity.

CONTEXT There is attrition of women across professorial ranks in academic pathology. Women are underrepresented as leaders; 15.4% of academic pathology departments are chaired by women, according to the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC). OBJECTIVE To identify areas for targeted interventions that can advance academic and leadership development of women faculty by examining (1) sex differences in career satisfaction in US medical school pathology departments participating in the AAMC's Faculty Forward Engagement Survey, and (2) findings from a survey of the Association of Pathology Chairs (APC). DESIGN The AAMC Faculty Forward Engagement Survey data are from 14 US medical schools participating in the 2011-2012 survey. Pathologists' response rate was 66% (461 of 697). To investigate sex differences, t tests and χ(2) analyses were used. The APC survey, administered to academic department chairs, had a 55% response rate (104 of 189). RESULTS According to the Faculty Forward Engagement Survey, women report more time in patient care and less time in research. Women consider formal mentorship, feedback, and career advancement more important than men do and are less satisfied with communication and governance. The APC survey shows that 20% to 40% of nonchair department leaders are women. More than half of chairs report satisfaction with the sex diversity of their departmental leaders. CONCLUSION Opportunities exist for department chairs and professional organizations to create targeted interventions to support career satisfaction, recruitment, retention, and career and leadership development for women in academic pathology. Although chairs report satisfaction with diversity within department leadership, responses of women faculty indicate there is work to be done to grow more women leaders.
Mapping of retinal function in diabetic retinopathy using the multifocal electroretinogram.

PURPOSE To investigate focal abnormalities in the electroretinogram (ERG) signal in diabetic patients, with and without retinopathy, using a multifocal ERG. METHODS Sixteen patients with diabetes mellitus, 8 of whom had diabetic retinopathy (mean duration of diabetes: 18.5 years) and 19 approximately age-matched healthy volunteers underwent multifocal ERG testing. One hundred three retinal locations within the central 50 degrees were stimulated concurrently, according to a pseudorandom m-sequence. Response components were extracted for each stimulated retinal location. RESULTS In diabetic patients with retinopathy, the overall amplitudes were reduced (P < 0.01), and peak implicit times were increased (P < 0.01) in the first-order component (mean flash response) and in the first slice of the second-order component (local two flash interaction). In addition, local reductions of amplitude could be seen in the first- and second-order components. In patients without retinopathy, only amplitudes of the second-order component were reduced (P < 0.01). Another salient difference was observed in a special feature of the second-order component that was reduced in diabetic patients, with and without retinopathy (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Second-order components depend on nonlinear dynamics. Thus our findings indicate changes in the nonlinear dynamics of a fast-gain control in diabetic patients, presumably located in the inner retina. This suggests that early functional changes of the inner retina are evident in diabetic patients before impairment of the outer retina is observed. Multifocal nonlinear analysis permits the detection of subclinical diabetic retinopathy and offers the advantage of topographic mapping of retinal dysfunction.
Coordinated voltage control strategy for voltage regulators and voltage source converters integrated distribution system

Modern day distribution systems (DS) is now hosting increasing number of both small and large scale distributed energy resources (DERs). Even though these DERs have capability to support reactive power along with the active power they provide, practitioners are still hesitant in utilizing the reactive power potential from these DERs. One of the major concerns for the distribution system operator is the coordination between the existing voltage regulators and the inverter based reactive power sources in the DS. This paper presents a situational aware and agnostic coordinated control strategy for voltage regulation in the DS considering power electronic based inverters as reactive power sources that work in conjunction with the existing legacy controllers for an overall value based voltage regulation of the entire feeder. It has also been shown that this can be achieved without major changes in the communication framework currently utilized by the utility (another concern for DS operator). The proposed control technique has been tested in the field verified model of a real feeder. Results show that the proposed coordination approach has a major economic as well and power quality benefits in the operation of DS.
Association of intraoperative hypotension and pulmonary hypertension with adverse outcomes after orthotopic liver transplantation.

BACKGROUND Various preoperative, surgical, and postoperative markers of impaired outcome after orthotopic liver transplantation have been reported, but the influence of intraoperative hemodynamic aberrations has not been thoroughly investigated. SETTING University Hospital.Study design Retrospective cohort analysis. METHODS The authors retrospectively reviewed computerized anesthesia records to determine associations between occurrences of abnormally low or high mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP), cardiac output, heart rate, systolic arterial pressure, diastolic arterial pressure, and mean arterial pressure (MAP) with negative surgical outcome. Negative surgical outcome was defined as poor early graft function, primary graft nonfunction, or death attributable to hemodynamic causes. RESULTS Of 789 patients, 142 (18.0%) had negative surgical outcome. Controlling for the influence of United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) status > 1, long operation time, cold donor organ ischemia time, and donor age, the only hemodynamic parameters that were independently associated with negative surgical outcome were MAP < 40 mmHg at least once during the procedure (odds ratio [OR] 2.39, p = 0.0016) and MPAP > 40 mmHg at least 3 times during the procedure (OR 2.2, p = 0.035). The occurrence of MAP < 40 mmHg was temporally associated with donor graft reperfusion. Hepatic artery thromboses were not associated with hemodynamic aberrations. CONCLUSIONS Hemodynamic events are independently associated with adverse outcomes after orthotopic liver transplantation.
Nonrecurring transient cortical blindness after coronary angiography: A role for hypoventilation and hypercarbia?

A 73‐year‐old morbidly obese patient suffered cortical blindness following coronary angiography. Symptoms rapidly resolved and did not recur following a repeated procedure. Hypoventilation due to narcotics with subsequent hypercarbia and blood‐brain barrier breaching may be implicated in the pathogenesis of this complication. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Liquid secretion properties of airway submucosal glands

The tracheobronchial submucosal glands secrete liquid that is important for hydrating airway surfaces, supporting mucociliary transport, and serving as a fluid matrix for numerous secreted macromolecules including the gel‐forming mucins. This review details the essential structural elements of airway glands and summarizes what is currently known regarding the ion transport processes responsible for producing the liquid component of gland secretion. Liquid secretion most likely arises from serous cells and is principally under neural control with muscarinic agonists, substance P, and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) functioning as effective secretogogues. Liquid secretion is driven by the active transepithelial secretion of both Cl− and HCO3− and at least a portion of this process is mediated by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which is highly expressed in glands. The potential role of submucosal glands in cystic fibrosis lung disease is discussed.
Chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neurotoxicity: A critical analysis

With a 3‐fold increase in the number of cancer survivors noted since the 1970s, there are now over 28 million cancer survivors worldwide. Accordingly, there is a heightened awareness of long‐term toxicities and the impact on quality of life following treatment in cancer survivors. This review will address the increasing importance and challenge of chemotherapy‐induced neurotoxicity, with a focus on neuropathy associated with the treatment of breast cancer, colorectal cancer, testicular cancer, and hematological cancers. An overview of the diagnosis, symptomatology, and pathophysiology of chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy will be provided, with a critical analysis of assessment strategies, neuroprotective approaches, and potential treatments. The review will concentrate on neuropathy associated with taxanes, platinum compounds, vinca alkaloids, thalidomide, and bortezomib, providing clinical information specific to these chemotherapies. CA Cancer J Clin 2013;63:419‐437. ©2013 American Cancer Society, Inc.
SepA, the major extracellular protein of Shigella flexneri: autonomous secretion and involvement in tissue invasion

In addition to lpa proteins and lcsA, which are involved in entry into epithelial cells and intercellular spread, respectively, Shigella secretes a 110 kDa protein, designated SepA. We report the identification, cloning, and nucleotide sequence determination of the sepA gene, analysis of SepA secretion, and construction and characterization of a sepA mutant. The sepA gene is carried by the virulence plasmid and codes for a 150 kDa precursor. Upon secretion, which does not involve accessory proteins encoded by the virulence plasmid, the precursor is converted to a mature protein of 110 kDa by two cleavages removing an N‐terminal signal sequence and a C‐terminal fragment. Extensive similarities were detected between the sequence of the first 500 residues of mature SepA and the N‐terminal region of lgA1 proteases from Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Haemophilus influenzae, the Tsh haemagglutinin of an avian pathogenic Escherichia coli, and the Hap protein involved in adhesion and penetration of H. influenzae. The C‐terminal domain of the SepA precursor, which is not present in the secreted protein, exhibits sequence similarity with pertactin of Bordetella pertussis and the ring‐forming protein of Helicobacter mustelae. Construction and phenotypic characterization of a sepA mutant indicated that SepA is required neither for entry into cultured epithelial cells nor for intercellular dissemination. However, in the rabbit ligated ileal loop model, the sepA mutant exhibited an attenuated virulence, which suggests that SepA might play a role in tissue invasion.
Deliberate self-harm by under-15-year-olds: characteristics, trends and outcome.

BACKGROUND Relatively little information is available about the characteristics and long-term outcome of children and adolescents aged under 15 years who present to general hospitals because of deliberate self-harm (DSH). METHOD Information was collected on 710 consecutive under-15-year-olds presenting to a general hospital in central England with DSH over a 26-year period (1978-2003). Outcome in terms of death was investigated from national statistics in 464 cases presenting during the first 20 years of the study. RESULTS Most individuals were aged 12-14 years. In this age group the female:male ratio was 6.5:1. Nearly all (680/710, 95.8%) had taken overdoses, over half of these episodes involving paracetamol (acetaminophen). Few had a history of prior (7.7%) or current psychiatric treatment (7.7%), although a quarter (150/559, 26.8%) had a history of previous DSH. Suicidal intent was usually low. The most frequent problems were difficulties in relationships with family members (77.3%) and with friends (38.9%), and school/study problems (37.9%). The long-term risk of suicide was low, 1.1% (N = 5) having died by probable suicide after a mean follow-up period of 11 years 2 months. CONCLUSIONS DSH in children and young adolescents is usually related to life problems, is generally of low suicidal intent, and is associated with a relatively low long-term risk of suicide.
Immunity to the ehrlichiae: new tools and recent developments

Purpose of review Discusses recent developments in the study of immunity and host defense against the monocytic ehrlichiae in 2003 and 2004. The review does not address anaplasmoses, as the anaplasmae were recently re-classified into the genus Anaplasma, and are distinct in cell tropism from the ehrlichiae. Recent findings The features of the immune responses against these emerging Gram-negative obligate intracellular pathogens are only beginning to be understood. Important advances in our ability to study host defense include the development of new experimental mouse models. Recent studies have defined possible mechanisms of innate immune subversion in human monocytes, as well as roles for lymphocyte subsets and type I cytokines during mouse infection. Other studies in the mouse suggest that cytokine production by CD8 T cells may contribute to immunopathology. New data also support a role for humoral immunity during host defense against these intracellular pathogens. Summary The use of new animal models will facilitate research of the mechanisms of innate, adaptive, and pathological immune responses, and will enhance our understanding of human immunity to the ehrlichiae as well as to other pathogenic intracellular bacteria.
INFLUENCE OF FEED RESTRICTION REGIMES ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BROILERS WITH DIFFERENT INITIAL WEIGHT CATEGORIES

A total of 1440 day-old broiler (Hubbard) chicks with 4 initial body weight categories i.e. small (31-34gm), medium (35- 38gm), A (39-42gm) and A+ (43-46gm) were subjected to 4 feed restriction regimes i.e . ad-libitum, 1, 2, and 3 hour restriction with 3,2, and 1 hour feeding, respectively, after observing one week adjustment period. These 16 treatment groups were replicated 6 times making a total of 96 experimental units having 15 chicks each. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors. Weekly data on feed intake, body weight gain, FCR, mortality and production efficiency factor (PEF) were analyzed using SAS 9.1. Birds with 1-hr feeding-3hrs off showed better performance with significantly (P<0.05) improved FCR having overall lower mortality rate, whereas, chicks from A+ weight category showed significantly better FCR. A better PEF was recorded in birds from medium weight category in 3hr feeding-1hr off feeding regime, while, A+ category with1-hr feeding-3hrs off showed the best economic efficiency. Key word: feed restriction, growth performance, economics, production efficiency factor
Monomeric Rhodopsin Is Sufficient for Normal Rhodopsin Kinase (GRK1) Phosphorylation and Arrestin-1 Binding*

G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) oligomerization has been observed in a wide variety of experimental contexts, but the functional significance of this phenomenon at different stages of the life cycle of class A GPCRs remains to be elucidated. Rhodopsin (Rh), a prototypical class A GPCR of visual transduction, is also capable of forming dimers and higher order oligomers. The recent demonstration that Rh monomer is sufficient to activate its cognate G protein, transducin, prompted us to test whether the same monomeric state is sufficient for rhodopsin phosphorylation and arrestin-1 binding. Here we show that monomeric active rhodopsin is phosphorylated by rhodopsin kinase (GRK1) as efficiently as rhodopsin in the native disc membrane. Monomeric phosphorylated light-activated Rh (P-Rh*) in nanodiscs binds arrestin-1 essentially as well as P-Rh* in native disc membranes. We also measured the affinity of arrestin-1 for P-Rh* in nanodiscs using a fluorescence-based assay and found that arrestin-1 interacts with monomeric P-Rh* with low nanomolar affinity and 1:1 stoichiometry, as previously determined in native disc membranes. Thus, similar to transducin activation, rhodopsin phosphorylation by GRK1 and high affinity arrestin-1 binding only requires a rhodopsin monomer.
Modeling the Risks of Nonindigenous Species Introductions Using a Patch‐Dynamics Approach Incorporating Contaminant Effects as a Disturbance

The establishment and spread of invasive or nonindigenous species has caused concern from stakeholders in affected areas, and has prompted many field and modeling studies. We used stochastic two species, circular three patch dynamic models to investigate the patterns of invasion and impacts upon the affected species. Both persistent and degradable toxicants were incorporated as parts of the model system to act as disturbance regimens. There is a clear series of patterns that result from these simulations. Competition increases population variability, but decreases the number of distinct outcomes possible from the same initial conditions. Isolation of the patch of the introduction was the main determinant of successful establishment through a process we call the beachhead effect. Coexistence of species was often possible in local patches, contrary to the analytical solutions of Lotka‐Volterra equations and numerous modeling studies. Contaminants and their resultant disturbances are important as contributors to the stochastic nature of models. The stochasticity leads to a variety of outcomes from some sets of initial conditions. Different outcomes have different probabilities of occurrence and are dependent upon the specific initial conditions of the simulation. A clear pattern that is apparent is the “beachhead effect,” where the invasive establishes a population within a relatively remote patch before migrating to the remainder of the landscape. We make predictions and provide specific research hypotheses as to the causes and effects of invasive species establishment, spread, and impacts.
Verificabilidad asimétrica en el reconocimiento de ingresos y gastos a la luz de la teoría positiva de la contabilidad

The elimination of the qualitative characteristic of prudence (conservatism) from the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting (2014) has generated significant discussion among the members of the accounting community. In this regard, this study examines the asymmetric verifiability in the IFRS’ recognition of incomes and expenses, from the Watts & Zimmerman’s positive theory of accounting. This research takes a qualitative approach, limited to documents. It concludes that the income and expenses arising from the use of fair value, and the multiplicity of alternative measurement treatments are factors present in IFRS (2014), that undermine conservatism, and probably causing a decrease in the value of each entity due to lower cash flows in the future.
Circulating biomarker tissue kallikrein-related peptidase KLK5 impacts ovarian cancer patients' survival.

BACKGROUND Effective cancer biomarkers for early detection, prognosis, or therapy response prediction are urgently needed in ovarian cancer. Kallikrein-related peptidases, including KLK5, have been reported to play an important role in the course of the disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS KLK5 antigen content was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in ovarian cancer patients' [FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) stages I-IV, n = 52] serum as well as ascitic fluid and compared with KLK5 content in serum of patients with benign ovarian tumors (n = 45). RESULTS KLK5 antigen content was significantly elevated in the serum of ovarian cancer patients compared with the serum of patients with benign ovarian tumors. Forty-two of 52 ovarian cancer serum samples, 42 of 43 benign ovarian tumor serum samples, and all 41 ascitic fluid samples were KLK5 positive. Elevated KLK5 antigen in serum and ascitic fluid of ovarian cancer patients was a prognostic factor for progression-free survival. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the finding that ovarian cancer patients release significant amounts of KLK5 into serum and ascitic fluid but KLK5 antigen is low in serum of patients with benign ovarian tumors. Increased serum and ascitic fluid KLK5 levels are associated with poor patient outcome, thus underlining the importance of KLK5 as a biomarker for early detection as well as for disease management in ovarian cancer.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation after cytotoxic or immunosuppressive therapy — pathogenesis and management

In an endemic area for chronic hepatitis B infection, reactivation of this virus is a serious cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing cytotoxic or immunosuppressive therapy. Careful prospective serological testing has shown that hepatitis B virus reactivation is a two‐staged process. The initial stage occurs during intense cytotoxic or immunosuppressive therapy and is characterised by enhanced viral replication, as reflected by increases in the serum levels of hepatitis B virus DNA, hepatitis B e antigen, hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase and infection of naïve hepatocytes with hepatitis B virus. The second stage is related to restoration of immune function following withdrawal of cytotoxic or immunosuppressive therapy, which causes rapid immune‐mediated destruction of infected hepatocytes. Clinically, this can lead to hepatitis, hepatic failure and even death. The occurrence and severity of hepatitis B virus reactivation after various cytotoxic or immunosuppressive therapy is unpredictable and treatment has been disappointing, largely due to the late administration of therapy. Recently, pre‐emptive treatment of chronic hepatitis B patients undergoing cytotoxic or immunosuppressive therapy, with potent nucleoside analogues has shown some promising results. Further controlled studies are needed to define the incidence and risk factors of hepatitis B reactivation so that pre‐emptive treatment with nucleoside analogues could be administered to those patients at high risk of disease. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hemispheric preference in visuospatial processing: A complementary approach with fMRI and lesion studies

Historically, the left cerebral hemisphere has been considered specialized for language, whereas the right cerebral hemisphere is aligned with spatial processes. However, studies have called into question adherence to this model and suggested that both hemispheres participate in language and spatial cognition. Using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and human brain lesion studies, we determined whether these complementary techniques could clarify issues of hemispheric dominance. Using a modified Benton Judgement of Line Orientation (JLO) test, considered a relatively pure spatial processing task, we found robust and significant (p < 0. 0005) bilateral superior parietal lobe activation on fMRI in ten right‐handed male adult volunteers. This was corroborated by lesion data in a cohort of 17 patients who showed significant JLO impairments after either right or left parietal lobe damage, with right parietal damage associated with somewhat more severe deficit. Detailed wavelet analysis of the fMRI time‐series did, however, reveal a more dominant role of the right parietal lobe in “kick‐starting” the task. To our knowledge, this is a novel way of using fMRI to address functional hemispheric differences in a cognitive task that is known to have bilateral representation. Hum. Brain Mapping 10:80–86, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.