Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Current perspective on the role of insulin and glucagon in the pathogenesis and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract According to the World Health Organization, 422 million adults worldwide live with diabetes mellitus (DM), a significant portion of whom have type 2 diabetes. The discovery of insulin as a key regulator of glucose metabolism has revolutionized our understanding of DM and provided several therapeutic avenues. Most studies have so far predominantly focused on the role of insulin in type 2 diabetes. However, the balance between insulin and glucagon is essential in ensuring glucose homeostasis. In this review, we begin by evaluating the principal differences between insulin and glucagon with regard to their mechanism and control of their secretion. Next, we discuss their mode of action and effects on metabolism. We further explore how the two hormones impact the natural history of type 2 diabetes. Finally, we outline how current and emerging pharmacological agents attempt to exploit the properties of insulin and glucagon to benefit patients with type 2 diabetes.
The Elucidation of Terraced Housing in Iranian Vernacular Architecture through Fractal Models: In Case of Masouleh and Abyaneh Settlements

iii ÖZ . v ACKNOWLEDGMENT . viii LIST OF TABLES . xii LIST OF FIGURES . xiii 1 INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Problem Statement . 1 1.2 Aim and Objective . 2 1.3 Research Limitation . 3 1.4 Research Methodology . 4 1.5 Background of the Study . 6 2 GENERAL OVERVIEW ON VERNACULAR SETTLEMENTS . 8 2.1 The General Characteristics of Vernacular Architecture . 8 2.2 Global Approaches that Shaping the Pattern of Vernacular Architecture of the World (Organic Architecture) . 14 2.3 Identification of Iranian Vernacular Architecture in Terms of Geographical Values . 21 2.3. 1 Geographical Value of Iranian Vernacular Architecture . 21 2.3. 2 Location and Topographical Factors in Iranian Vernacular Architecture . 22 2.3. 3 Climatic Factors in Iranian Vernacular Architecture . 25 2.4 Terraced Housing Formation in Vernacular Iranian Settlements: Masouleh and Abyaneh Villages . 28 2.4. 1 Topography of Masouleh and Abyaneh Villages . 29
TEACHING READING COMPREHENSION THROUGH CONCEPT ORIENTED READING INSTRUCTION (CORI) STRATEGYTO THE EIGHTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMP NEGERI 13 LUBUKLINGGAU

The problem of this research was to find out whether or not it is significantly effective to improve reading comprehension through Concept Oriented Reading Instruction (CORI) Strategy to the Eighth Grade Students of SMP Negeri 13 Lubuklinggau in the academic year 2016/2017. The strategy applied was pre experimental method with one group pretest-posttest design. The sample was taken through cluster random sampling. The result was VIII.2 class with the total number of 28 students. The data were collected through test consisted of 25 items of multiple choices. The data were analyzed through four techniques: 1) Students’ Individual Score, 2) Minimum Mastery Criteria, 3) Normality and 4) Paired t-test calculation. The result of this study: (1) The mean students’ score in the pre-test was 64.00, (2) The mean score of post-test was 76.00 and (3) the result of paired t-test was 11.43, which was higher than 1.703 value of the t-table of 27 (28-1) with 95% significant level for one tailed-test. In this research the researcher formulated two hypotheses. They were null hypothesis (Ho) and alternative hypothesis (Ha). Based on the result of the paired t-test calculation showed that the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted. It meant that it was significantly effective to Teach Reading Comprehension through Concept Oriented Reading Instruction (CORI) Strategy to the Eighth Grade Students of SMP Negeri 13 Lubuklinggau in the academic year of 2016/2017
Expression, localization, and activity of glycogen synthase kinase 3β during mouse skin tumorigenesis

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK‐3) is a protein kinase that plays essential roles in the control of several developmental, metabolic, and apoptotic processes. Owing to its negative actions on several oncogenic insults, it has been considered a putative functional tumor suppressor. We studied the expression, activity, and localization of GSK‐3β during the process of chemically induced two‐stage mouse skin carcinogenesis and also in the tumors generated upon subcutaneous injection of Akt‐transformed keratinocytes. We found that GSK‐3 activity was downregulated at the later stages of promotion by tyrosine 216 dephosphorylation and serine 9 phosphorylation. The data obtained with Akt‐transformed keratinocytes clearly suggested the involvement of Akt in serine 9 phosphorylation of GSK‐3β. Finally, besides functional inactivation, significant basal activity of GSK‐3β was detected in all cases, indicating that this enzyme provides essential functions to malignant keratinocytes. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functionalization of Ceramic Coatings for Enhancing Integration in Osteoporotic Bone: A Systematic Review

Background: The success of reconstructive orthopaedic surgery strongly depends on the mechanical and biological integration between the prosthesis and the host bone tissue. Progressive population ageing with increased frequency of altered bone metabolism conditions requires new strategies for ensuring an early implant fixation and long-term stability. Ceramic materials and ceramic-based coatings, owing to the release of calcium phosphate and to the precipitation of a biological apatite at the bone-implant interface, are able to promote a strong bonding between the host bone and the implant. Methods: The aim of the present systematic review is the analysis of the existing literature on the functionalization strategies for improving the implant osteointegration in osteoporotic bone and their relative translation into the clinical practice. The review process, conducted on two electronic databases, identified 47 eligible preclinical studies and 5 clinical trials. Results: Preclinical data analysis showed that functionalization with both organic and inorganic molecules usually improves osseointegration in the osteoporotic condition, assessed mainly in rodent models. Clinical studies, mainly retrospective, have tested no functionalization strategies. Registered trademarks materials have been investigated and there is lack of information about the micro- or nano- topography of ceramics. Conclusions: Ceramic materials/coatings functionalization obtained promising results in improving implant osseointegration even in osteoporotic conditions but preclinical evidence has not been fully translated to clinical applications.
ML Time-of-Arrival estimation based on low complexity UWB energy detection

Many different techniques for time-of-arrival (ToA) estimation have been described for UWB signals however they are typically highly complex. Energy detection based architectures have recently been seen as an interesting, low complexity solution for non-coherent ToA estimation. This paper presents a maximum likelihood (ML) ToA estimation strategy based on an energy detection approach utilizing a relatively long integration window. The technique offers improved estimation accuracy whilst overcoming the practical hardware limitation associated with the need for very short integration times in the receiver
[Intravenous folinic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation and homocysteine concentration in hemodialysis patients].

INTRODUCTION Hyperhomocysteinemia is one of the causes of the increased incidence of cardiovascular disease in uremia. Since homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism depends on the availability of folate and vitamin B12, we have measured the effects of chronic i.v. supplementation of folinic acid and vitamin B12 in a group of patients on maintenance hemodialysis. METHODS We compared the blood concentration of total Hcy (tHcy), vitamin B12 and folate and the intraerythrocyte concentration of folate in a group of 27 hemodialysis patients (Treated group), given an i.v supplementation with folinic acid (0.9 mg) and Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamine 1.5 mg and hydroxycobalamine 1.5 mg) three times per week at the end of each dialysis session with those measured in a similar group of 28 hemodialysis patients without supplementation (No Treatment group). The patients were also characterized for the thermolabile variant (mutation C667-->T) of the enzyme methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase (tMTHFR). RESULTS High plasma levels (< 11.7 micromol/L) of tHcy were observed in 54/55 patients. T patients had Hcy values significantly lower than NT ones (31.7+/-3.6 vs. 1.1+/-8.3micromol/L, p < 0.05). Serum vitamin B12 (1200 73.6 vs. 762+/-72.2 pmol/L, p < 0.001) and intraerythrocyte folate levels were also significantly higher in the T group (2176+/-127 vs. 1511+/-156, p < 0.005), while no significant difference was observed for serum folate. The distribution of tMTHFR genotypes was similar in the two groups. Homozygous patients showed higher levels of Hcy in comparison with wild type patients both in the whole population (62.32+/-15.9 vs.30.43+/-3.2, p < 0.05) and in the NT group (87.8+/-25.3 vs.36.8+/-13.1., p < 0.05), while no significant difference was observed among genotypes in the T group. CONCLUSIONS Uremic patients on hemodialysis, when supplemented with even low i.v. dose of folinic acid and vitamin B12, show significantly lower plasma levels of tHcy than non-supplemented patients.
A Post-Mortem Study of Stacked 16 Ah Graphite//LiFePO4 Pouch Cells Cycled at 5 °C

Herein, the post-mortem study on 16 Ah graphite//LiFePO4 pouch cells is reported. Aiming to understand their failure mechanism, taking place when cycling at low temperature, the analysis of the cell components taken from different portions of the stacks and from different positions in the electrodes, is performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). Also, the recovered electrodes are used to reassemble half-cells for further cycle tests. The combination of the several techniques detects an inhomogeneous ageing of the electrodes along the stack and from the center to the edge of the electrode, most probably due to differences in the pressure experienced by the electrodes. Interestingly, XPS reveals that more electrolyte decomposition took place at the edge of the electrodes and at the outer part of the cell stack independently of the ageing conditions. Finally, the use of high cycling currents buffers the low temperature detrimental effects, resulting in longer cycle life and less inhomogeneities.
A Novel Low Power Pulsed Latch with Increased Reliability

The maturation in fabrication technologies of semiconductor integrated circuits results in rapidly shrinking technology node and aggressive scaling of voltage causes an increase in the probability of soft errors in advanced CMOS digital logic circuits. Many attempts to mitigate the soft errors ensue in significant cost penalties in terms of area, power and performance. The proposed method intents a pulsed latch with increased immunity, reliability and reduced power consumption for this purpose, a new transition detector is designed in order to detect single event transition. It shows a remarkable melioration in terms of power, area and performance when compared to conventional transition detector post layout simulation using CMOS 45nm. This detector is further engrafted into the latch to be used as register. The reliability and effectual functioning of proposed pulsed latch is compared with conventional register. The proposed system is designed using MICROWIND 3.1 to get efficacious output.
THE ROLE OF OPEN MITRAL VALVE REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT FOR SEVERE MITRAL STENOSIS OR REGURGITATION VERSUS CATHETER BASED THERAPIES

INTRODUCTION The development of various catheter-based therapies for valvular heart disease has provided less invasive, durable treatment options for certain selected groups of patients particularly young patients with uncomplicated rheumatic mitral stenosis (1,2). In these patients, results have been similar to those obtained with closed mitral commissurotomy operation (3,4). However, in many patients the extent and severity of pathological changes in the normal anatomy of the mitral valve still makes correction of these abnormalities under direct vision the best option.
Injury pattern and severity in lateral motor vehicle collisions: a Canadian experience.

OBJECTIVE To determine the pattern and severity of injury and the outcome of front seat motor vehicle occupants after lateral impact crashes. DESIGN Retrospective review undertaken in a Regional Trauma Unit (Sunnybrook Health Science Centre). MATERIALS AND METHODS Review of seriously injured front seat motor vehicle occupants admitted to a Regional Trauma Unit over a 46-month period (September 15, 1989, to July 15, 1993) for whom vehicle crash information and occupant seat belt use were known. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Three hundred forty-eight front seat vehicle occupants were available for study; one hundred forty-one (41%) were involved in a lateral impact motor vehicle crash. Driver side lateral crashes (57%) were more common than passenger side impacts. Victims of lateral impact crashes had a significantly higher mean Injury Severity Score (25 compared with 20 for nonlateral crashes: p < 0.05), and the direction of impact was strongly associated with injury severity (p < 0.05). Lateral impact crashes resulted in substantially more significant chest (p < 0.01) and intra-abdominal (p < 0.0001) injuries. Type of injury was significantly different between the lateral and nonlateral impact groups for facial, chest, abdominal, and musculoskeletal injuries. CONCLUSIONS The direction of impact in motor vehicle crashes is strongly associated with the pattern and severity of organ injuries. Further attention to automobile safety design is necessary to better protect occupants involved in lateral impact crashes.
Host-Pathogen Interactions in Progressive Chronic Periodontitis

Periodontitis is an infection characterized by the occurrence of supporting tissue destruction with an episodic nature. Disease progression is often determined by the loss of attachment level or alveolar bone, and sequential probing of periodontal attachment remains the most commonly utilized method to diagnose progressive destruction of the periodontium. The tolerance method has been the most extensive clinical method used in recent years to determine site-specific attachment level changes. There is abundant evidence that major tissue destruction in periodontal lesions results from the recruitment of immune cells. Considerable effort has been made to study the host cell and mediator profiles involved in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis, but the definition of active sites, where current periodontal breakdown occurs, and consecutive characterization of the mediators involved are still among the main concerns. In the present review, we summarize periodontopathic bacteria and host factors, including infiltrating cell populations, cytokines, and host matrix metalloproteinases, associated with under-going episodic attachment loss that could partly explain the mechanisms involved in destruction of the supporting tissues of the tooth.
Evidence for signaling between the phytopathogenic fungus Pythium ultimum and Pseudomonas fluorescens F113: P. ultimum represses the expression of genes in P. fluorescens F113, resulting in altered ecological fitness

There is increasing evidence that communication between members of the same species, as well as members of different species, is important for the survival of microorganisms in diverse ecological niches, such as the rhizosphere. To investigate whether the phytopathogen Pythium ultimum could alter gene expression in the biocontrol strain Pseudomonas fluorescens F113, which protects the roots of sugar beet from the fungus, a screening system was developed to detect differential expression of bacterial genes in the presence of P. ultimum. The transposon Tn5, containing a promoterless lacZ reporter gene, was used to generate a library of transcriptional gene fusions in P. fluorescens F113. By this screening procedure, five P. fluorescens F113 gene clusters were identified and shown to be repressed in the presence of P. ultimum. The ecological fitness of three of the five reporter mutants in the rhizosphere of seed-inoculated sugar beet was lower than that of the wild type. Furthermore, all five mutants were impaired in their ability to subsequently colonize the rhizosphere of uninoculated sugar beet sown repeatedly in the same soil. With the exception of reporter mutant SF10, which was impaired in nitrogen metabolism, the reporter mutants had growth requirements and biocontrol abilities similar to those of the wild type. This is the first reported case of a fungus repressing the expressing of bacterial genes.
Validación de atributos verdes utilizados en la selección de proveedores verdes

La seleccion de proveedores verdes es un topico que ha tomado una gran trascendencia en los ultimos anos, debido a que las consideraciones ambientales dentro de la cadena de suministros cada vez son mas necesarias, y a que pueden formar parte de las estrategias de negocio para generar productos con calidad y verdes. Por lo cual con esta investigacion se busca facilitar a las organizaciones la toma de decisiones al momento de evaluar y seleccionar a un proveedor verdes, por lo cual se proponen 4 diferentes grupos de atributos verdes que pueden ser considerados al momento de llevar a cabo la evaluacion y seleccion de un proveedor verdes. Estos grupos son validados con el Alfa de Cronbach para determinar su validez estadistica y se ha encontrado que son validos, dado que cada variable latente es superior a 0.7, minimo valor aceptable.
Fast and Energy Efficient Multihop D2D Routing Scheme

Device-to-device (D2D) communications are expected to offload cellular networks and enhance public safety. In addition to the capability of direct communication between devices, the capability of delivering data over multihops in an ad hoc manner by autonomous decision of each device is highly desired to expand application areas of D2D communications. To address this issue, we propose a fast and energy efficient D2D multihop routing method using the geographic locations of nodes. To expedite data delivery while saving transmission powers of nodes, we devise the next hop selection method considering the congestion levels of potential next hops. In addition, we devise a detour scheme to move around a routing hole that is encountered when a node cannot find a neighbor that is closer to the destination of a packet than itself. We also propose management procedures so that each node acquires the locations of destinations and its neighboring nodes. Through extensive simulations, we validate the proposed method by comparing the performance of the proposed method with those of maximum progress method (MaxP), cost over progress method (CoP), and congestion-aware forwarder selection method (CAFS). Even though the number of hops obtained by the proposed method is larger than those obtained by MaxP and CAFS, our method is superior to them in terms of the probability of successfully delivering packets to destinations and total amount of energy consumption. We also show that our method can reduce end-to-end delay considerably compared with CoP.
Large‐scale parametric survival analysis

Survival analysis has been a topic of active statistical research in the past few decades with applications spread across several areas. Traditional applications usually consider data with only a small numbers of predictors with a few hundreds or thousands of observations. Recent advances in data acquisition techniques and computation power have led to considerable interest in analyzing very‐high‐dimensional data where the number of predictor variables and the number of observations range between 10 4 and 10 6. In this paper, we present a tool for performing large‐scale regularized parametric survival analysis using a variant of the cyclic coordinate descent method. Through our experiments on two real data sets, we show that application of regularized models to high‐dimensional data avoids overfitting and can provide improved predictive performance and calibration over corresponding low‐dimensional models. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative analysis of crystallinity in an argyrodite sulfide-based solid electrolyte synthesized via solution processing

Liquid-phase synthesis is a useful technique for preparing argyrodite sulfide-based solid electrolytes, and the synthesis conditions such as heat treatment strongly affect the conductivity. Because the understanding of structural changes reveals crucial information about their properties, it is necessary to evaluate this change during heat treatment to determine the factors that affect the conductivity. In this study, X-ray diffraction measurements and transmission electron microscope observations reveal the effects of heat treatment on the crystallinities and ionic conductivities in the synthesis process of argyrodite electrolytes with tetrahydrofuran and ethanol. The amorphous material is in the main phase when heated at low temperatures below 200 °C and exhibits relatively low conductivities of ca. 2 × 10−4 S cm−1 despite precipitation of the argyrodite crystals. As the heat treatment temperature increases, the ratio of argyrodite crystals increases, involving nucleation and grain growth, leading to high conductivities of over 10−3 S cm−1. It is critical to control the ratio of the amorphous and crystal phases to achieve high conductivities in the synthesis of argyrodite electrolytes via liquid-phase processing.
Providing quality of service in packet switched networks

Services of infocommunication networks become more and more accessible for us. Using of these services is natural and permanent need for more and more people. An evident answer to this expectation by the vendors, access and content providers is the concentration and integration which can be observed in the physical networks as well as in the eld of used protocols. Although the expansion of network capacities seems to keep up with the increasing amount of user tra c, perceptible quality degradation can be experienced due to the huge amount of transmitted data. To combat these problems network operators have several potential solutions. Among these the tra c control methods are emphasized in my dissertation. In the rst part of my work I proposed a scheduler primarily applicable in xed size packet switching networks. This method provides optimal service in a given network node for all ows taking into account the individual ows' quality-of-service requirements given by their sources, and the quality of the service received by the ows previously. I veri ed the functionality of the server with simulation. In the second part of my work I proposed an other packet scheduling method which is a variant of the well known round robin. The main di erence is that the ows have multiple service opportunities in a single round. In this system called Advanced Round Robin we allow to set up a new connection only in the case if it is ensured that all active ows (including the new one) can achieve the required quality of service. Based on the architecture of the scheduler I gave the statistical and deterministic (worst case) service guarantees provided to the individual ows. I revealed that ARR scheduler is related to the servers based on the Generalized Processor Sharing, it can be characterized as a Latency Rate server and I calculated the fairness index of the ARR. I compared the Advanced Round Robin scheduler with the most popular similar servers treated in the literature. It can be stated that ARR is one of the best servers regarding latency and fairness parameters. The mechanisms of the ARR scheduler and the provision of quality of service guar-