Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Photoactivation and Photoinhibition Are Competing in a Mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Lacking the 23-kDa Extrinsic Subunit of Photosystem II*

The process of photoactivation has been studied in dark grown cells of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. A mutant, FUD 39, lacking the Cl−-concentrating 23-kDa psbP protein of photosystem II was found to have a decreased capability to perform photoactivation. The yield of the process never reached wild type level, and contrary to the wild type, it was highly dependent on the intensity of the activating light, with a very narrow optimum around 1 μE m−2 s−1. The different behavior in the mutant can be explained by a requirement for a longer dark period, between the two photoacts, during the photoactivation. This is proposed to reflect the decreased Cl− affinity in the mutant. Photoactivation in the mutant was also found to be very sensitive to competing photoinhibitory processes. The inhibition was located to the donor side of photosystem II and affected the photoactivation capability before electron transfer from Tyrz was inhibited. We propose an extended model for photoactivation in which an intermediate that is sensitive to photoinhibition is formed if Cl− is not functionally bound to the manganese cluster.
Uplink comp and the applications in LTE heterogeneous networks: Principles and the field trial

Uplink Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) reception is one of the key technologies of LTE Advanced system. It has the potential to improve uplink capacity by joint processing the received signals from more antennas of the neighbor nodes. Uplink CoMP is implemented at the eNodeB side with no requirement on terminals or protocols and thus is easy to be introduced in the current networks. In future heterogeneous network deployment, low power remote radio units (RRU:s) are identified as one of the key components to increase the capacity of cellular networks in dense areas with high traffic demands. By coordinating low power RRU:s with macro RRU:s, uplink CoMP can get significant uplink gain from not only macro reception diversity but also uplink/downlink decoupling. This paper analyzes the principles of uplink CoMP and its applications in heterogeneous networks, and then a recent full scale field trial in Ericsson Beijing LTE trial network is introduced. The results demonstrate that best uplink reception (in a micro RRU) can be decoupled from best downlink transmission (from a macro RRU), enabling improved uplink throughput with maintained downlink throughput. Thus the problem of uplink and downlink imbalance in heterogeneous networks can be solved and moreover significant uplink reception macro diversity gain can be achieved, hence cell edge user experience can be greatly improved.
Prevention of Postmenopausal Bone Loss by a Low‐Magnitude, High‐Frequency Mechanical Stimuli: A Clinical Trial Assessing Compliance, Efficacy, and Safety

A 1‐year prospective, randomized, double‐blind, and placebo‐controlled trial of 70 postmenopausal women demonstrated that brief periods (<20 minutes) of a low‐level (0.2g, 30 Hz) vibration applied during quiet standing can effectively inhibit bone loss in the spine and femur, with efficacy increasing significantly with greater compliance, particularly in those subjects with lower body mass.
Rumors with Personality : A Differential and Agent-Based Model of Information Spread through Networks

We constructed the “ISTK” model to approximate the spread of viral information—a rumor— through a given (social) network. Initially, we used a set of ordinary differential equations to assess the spread of a rumor in face-to-face interactions in a homogenous population. Our second model translated this system into an equivalent stochastic agent-based model. We then incorporated a network based off of a representative Facebook dataset. Our results showed that incorporating the structure of a network alters the behavior of the rumor as it spreads across the population, while preserving steady states. Our third model considered features: demographic information that characterized individuals in our representative population. We also generated a feature vector for the rumor in order to simulate its “personality. ” An increase in the average similarity of the rumor to the population resulted in increased propagation through the network. However, the addition of feature vectors prevents the rumor from saturating the network. Our agent-based, feature-equipped ISTK model provides a more realistic mechanism to account for social behaviors, thus allowing for a more precise model of the dynamics of rumor spread through networks.
The Role of Intracellular Calcium and RhoA in Neuronal Migration

The successive steps involved in cell migration include extension of the leading process, followed by translocation of the soma and retraction of the trailing process. These events require the coordinated activity of various intracellular signaling mechanisms. Recent evidence suggests that the intracellular distribution of calcium ions and of the Rho guanosine triphosphatase (RhoGTPase), RhoA, are important components of these mechanisms. During migration, the growth cone of the leading process senses guidance cues present in the extracellular environment. These cues, acting through appropriate receptors on the growth cone, induce changes in the concentration of calcium, both in the growth cone and in the soma. These changes in the distribution of calcium cause a redistribution of intracellular RhoA and the eventual translocation of the soma. The trailing process is retracted as the cell moves forward.
Diversity of Fungal Trunk Pathogens Associated with Grapevine Dieback of Grapevine in Algeria

A significant reduction in vine production has recently been recorded in several vine regions in Algeria due to the death (total or partial) of many vines and to the pulling of many vineyards that had showed too many symptoms of decline. This study was conducted during spring 2010 - 2012 to detect the responsible agents for this disease. Samples of grapevine wood were collected in five grapevine fields in two regions (Medea and Tipaza). A cross section of infected trunks revealed many types of necrosis: sectorial brown colored, central necrosis sectorial gray and light-brown central necrosis. Several fungi were isolated from the margin between healthy and diseased tissues. Eutypa lata and Fomitiporia mediterranae were identified fungi based on the morphological characteristics of the culture and confirmed by partial sequences analysis of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed Spacer (ITS). The sequences submitted in GenBank under accession number revealed 94-100% homology. F.mediterranae was the dominant species, followed by E. lata. Other fungal species (Alternaria, Fusarium, Pestolozzia, Botrytis, Rhizopus, and Penicillium) were also isolated with high frequency. Two kinds of fruiting structures were found where one type showed the presence of perithecia (sexual form) of Eutypa lata.
A fully integrated V-band PLL MMIC using 0.15-/spl mu/m GaAs pHEMT technology

A fully integrated V-band phase-locked loop (PLL) MMIC with good phase noise and low-power consumption is developed using 0.15-/spl mu/m GaAs pHEMTs. For V-band frequency division,a wideband divide-by-3 frequency divider is proposed using cascode FET-based harmonic injection locking. The fourth subharmonic mixer using anti-parallel diode pair is employed as a high-frequency phase detector. In this way, the required frequency of the reference oscillator is lowered to one twelfth of V-band output signal. An RC low-pass filter and DC amplifier are also integrated to effectively suppress the spurious and harmonic signals, and to increase the loop gain. To reduce the circuit interactions and frequency pulling effect, buffer amplifiers are used at the output of VCO and frequency divider. The fabricated V-band PLL MMIC shows the locking range of 840 MHz around 60.1GHz under a very low power dissipation of 370 mW. Good phase noise of -95.5 dBc/Hz is measured at 100 kHz offset. The chip size is as small as 2.35/spl times/1.80 mm/sup 2/. To the best of our knowledge, the PLL MMIC of this work is one of the highest frequency monolithic PLLs that integrates all the required elements on a single chip.
A-S algorithm: An optimal on-line real-time scheduling algorithm for uniform multiprocessors

Scheduling periodic real-time tasks upon uniform multiprocessors is studied in this paper. We propose an optimal scheduling algorithm on uniform multiprocessors, named A-S algorithm, which achieves on-line scheduling as PCG[5] algorithm. PCG assigns task with largest local remaining time to fastest idle processor when rescheduling, which incurs great context switches between consecutive rescheduling. A-S keeps as many processors' assignments unchanged as possible at rescheduling points through a greed algorithm. The resulting A-S schedule can reduce preemptions and migrations dramatically (90.8% and 87.5% at most, respectively) when compared to those of PCG schedules.
Motion planning of a spherical robot using eXtended Classifier Systems

In comparison to wheeled robots, spherical mobile robots offer greater mobility, stability, and cope for operation in hazardous environments. In this paper, we propose a direct approach to motion planning based on the notion of “Learning Agents” wherein the motions of the robot at consecutive time-steps are determined by a set of condition-action rules that embody the agent. While traditional motion planning schemes rely on pre-planned optimal trajectories and/or feedback control techniques, the learning agent approach enjoys a model-free methodology that enables the robot to function in semi- or even non-observable environments. The approach presented in this paper employs the eXtended Classifier System (XCS) as its learning agent. Results from numerous simulated experiments show that the proposed approach is capable of adopting a near-optimal path towards a predefined goal point from any given position/orientation.
The effect of theophylline on sleep-disordered breathing in patients with stable chronic congestive heart failure.

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in patients with stable, optimally treated chronic congestive heart failure and the effect of short-term oral theophylline therapy on periodic breathing in these patients. METHODS Patients with stable, optimally treated chronic congestive heart failure were monitored by polysomnography during nocturnal sleep. The effects of theophylline therapy on periodic breathing associated with stable heart failure were observed before and after treatment. RESULTS Patients were divided into two groups. Group I (n = 21) consisted of individuals with 15 episodes of apnea and hypopnea [as determined by the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI)] per hour or less; Group II (n = 15, 41.7%) individuals had an index of more than 15 episodes per hour. In group II, the AHI varied from 16.8 to 78.8 (42.6 +/- 15.5) in which the obstructive AHI was 11.1 +/- 8.4 and the central AHI was 31.5 +/- 9.6. Group II had significantly more arousals (36.8 +/- 21.3 compared with 19.4 +/- 11.2 in group I) that were directly attributable to episodes of apnea and hypopnea, lower arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (76.7% +/- 4.6% compared with 86.5% +/- 2.8%) and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (24.2% +/- 8.8% compared with 31.5% +/- 10.6%). Thirteen patients with compensated heart failure and periodic breathing received theophylline orally (at an average dose of 4.3 mg/kg) for five to seven days. After treatment, the mean plasma theophylline concentration was (11.3 +/- 2.5) micro g/ml. Theophylline therapy resulted in significant decreases in the number of AHI (20.8 +/- 13.2 vs. 42.6 +/- 15.5; P < 0.001) and the number of episodes of central apnea-hypopnea per hour (10.1 +/- 7.6 vs. 31.5 +/- 9.6; P < 0.001). Furthermore, the percentage of total sleep time during which arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO(2)) was less than 90 percent (8.8% +/- 8.6% vs. 23.4% +/- 24.1%; P < 0.05) and the arousals per hour (18.7 +/- 21.2 vs. 36.8 +/- 21.3; P < 0.05) were also lower. There were no significant differences in the characteristics of sleep or obstructive AHI before and after theophylline treatment. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing (mainly periodic respiration or cheyne-stokes respiration with central sleep apnea) is high in patients with stable chronic congestive heart failure. The sleep-disordered breathing episodes are associated with severe nocturnal arterial blood oxyhemoglobin desaturation and excessive arousals. In these patients, oral theophylline therapy may reduce the number of episodes of central apnea and hypopnea and the duration of arterial oxyhemoglobin desaturation during nocturnal sleep.
A Comparison of Torsional Stress Properties of Three Different Nickel-Titanium Files with Similar Cross-Sectional Design

A COMPARISON OF TORSIONAL STRESS PROPERTIES OF THREE DIFFERENT NICKEL-TITANIUM FILES WITH SIMILAR CROSS-SECTIONAL DESIGN Reid C. Wycoff D.D.S. Marquette University, 2012 The purpose of this study was to compare the in vitro torsional stress characteristics of Twisted Files (SybronEndo, Orange, CA) with two milled files of similar cross section, EndoSequence (Brasseler USA, Savannah, GA) and ProFile Vortex (DENTSPLY Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK). Files of size 25/. 06 and 30/. 06 from the three file types were compared (n=20/group). Torsional stress resistance was evaluated by measuring the torque in gram-centimeters (g-cm) and angle of rotation (degrees) required for instrument separation with use of a torsiometer instrument. The fractured files were examined using SEM to look at deformation and fracture surface characteristics. The data was analyzed with ANOVA to determine statistical differences. The three file types showed a statistically significant difference in both maximum torsional stress and angle of rotation prior to failure. Twisted Files displayed the least amount of torsional stress resistance and the highest angle of rotation. The 30/. 06 size files of all three types withstood more torsional stress than the size 25/06 files of the same type. Within each file design, there was not a statistically significant difference in angular rotation between the 25/. 06 and 30/. 06 groups. The SEM analysis of all three file types revealed dimpling near the center of rotation on the fractured surface indicative of torsional stress. The novel techniques used in manufacturing Twisted Files do not make them more resistant to torsional stress as compared with milled nickel-titanium endodontic files of similar cross-sectional design.
An Artificial Neuron Based on a Threshold Switching Memristor

Artificial neurons and synapses are critical units for processing intricate information in neuromorphic systems. Memristors are frequently engineered as artificial synapses due to their simple structures, gradually changing conductance and high-density integration. However, few studies have designed memristors as artificial neurons. In this letter, we demonstrate an integration-and-fire artificial neuron based on a Ag/SiO2/Au threshold switching memristor. This neuron displays four critical features for action-potential-based computing: the all-or-nothing spiking of an action potential, threshold-driven spiking, a refractory period, and a strength-modulated frequency response. As a post-synaptic neuron, the designed neuron was demonstrated to be applicable to digit recognition. These results demonstrate that the developed artificial neuron can realize the basic functions of spiking neurons and has great potential for neuromorphic computing.
Differential Addition in Edwards Coordinates Revisited and a Short Note on Doubling in Twisted Edwards Form

Cryptographic algorithms in smart cards and other constrained environments increasingly rely on Elliptic Curves and thus it is desirable to have fast algorithms for elliptic curve arithmetic. In this paper, we provide (i) faster differential addition formulae for elliptic curve arithmetic on Generalized Edwardsâ Curves improving upon the currently known formulae in the literature, proposed by Justus and Loebenberger at IWSEC 2010, (ii) more efficient affine differential addition formulae for a new model of Binary Edwards Curves proposed by Wu, Tang and Feng at INDOCRYPT 2012 and (iii) an algorithm for point doubling on Twisted Edwards Curves with a smaller footprint when the implementation is desired to work across Homogeneous Projective, Inverted and Extended Homogeneous Projective Coordinates.
Multifunction reversbile logic gate: Logic synthesis and design implementation in QCA

Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is a newly developed paradigm for digital design. It explains how computation can be performed using nano sized quantum dots. One of the trending application of QCA is the design of reversible logic circuits and gates. Reversible logic is a dissipation less digital logic. According to this logic digital circuitry with almost zero power dissipation can be designed. The most important application of reversible logic is quantum computing. Quantum Computation cannot be performed without the use of reversible circuits. A number of reversible gates have been designed and used in quantum computing. The best way to derive the maximum out of reversible computation is to design those gates and circuits using systems which are inherently reversible. This is true for the quantum mechanical systems. For this quantum level designing Quantum-dot Cellular Automata stands as the appropriate choice. It's a nano level based archetype. Performing multiple functions using single circuits has always been the aim of the digital industry researchers. In reversible logic the approach is developing towards designing multifunction gates that can perform a number of functions using a same circuit with some adjustments. This development has however not yet been explored much in QCA. In this paper the majority logic equations for the outputs of a multifunction reversible logic gate are derived and the novel Quantum-dot Cellular Automata design is proposed. Some of the functions of multifunction reversible logic gate are discussed and simulated results using QCA Designer 2.0. 3 are shown in the figure.
The long‐term clinical and radiological outcomes in patients who suffer recurrent injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament after reconstruction

Aims The aim of this study was to investigate the long‐term clinical and radiological outcome of patients who suffer recurrent injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) after reconstruction and require revision surgery. Patients and Methods From a consecutive series of 200 patients who underwent primary reconstruction following rupture of the ACL, we identified 36 who sustained a further rupture, 29 of whom underwent revision surgery. Patients were reviewed prospectively at one, two, seven, 15 and about 20 years after their original surgery. Primary outcome measures were the number of further ruptures, the posterior tibial slope (PTS), and functional and radiological outcomes. These were compared with a gender and age matched cohort of patients who underwent primary ACL reconstruction only. Results At a mean follow‐up of 18.3 years (14.3 to 20.2), 29 patients had undergone revision surgery and within this revision group 11 had sustained more than three ruptures of the ACL (3 to 6). The mean age at the time of revision reconstruction was 26.4 years (14 to 54). The mean PTS was significantly higher in those patients who suffered a further injury to the ACL (11°) compared with the control group (9°) (p < 0.001). The mean PTS in those patients who sustained more than three ruptures was 12°. Conclusion Patients who suffer recurrent injuries to the ACL after reconstruction have poorer functional and radiological outcomes than those who suffer a single injury. The causes of further injury are likely to be multifactorial but an increased PTS appears to have a significant association with recurrent ACL injuries.
An Empirical Study of Developing A Dynamic Performance Evaluation System of Green Supply Chain in The Distribution Service Industry from Perspective of International Logistics

In studies on green supply chain, performance evaluation is an extremely important field. It aims to allow the nodes in supply chain to realize their positions and influence on benefit in overall supply chain in order enhance the supply chain. Thus, implementation of effective performance evaluation is the key to enhance green supply chain development. Distribution service industry is the important service pattern. Logistics of distribution service industry is also the rear service of transportation and storage among manufacturing industry, wholesale industry and retail industry and it is critical for customer satisfaction and reduction of distribution cost. Past researches on green supply chain mostly focus on manufacturing industry and there is no green supply chain study in distribution service industry. Therefore, this study will treat international logistics in distribution service industry as the theme to find how to develop dynamic performance evaluation system of green supply chain in distribution service industry. This study constructs dynamic performance evaluation system of green supply chain into dynamic green Balanced Scorecard, Fuzzy analytical hierarchy process, Fuzzy synthetic decision approach and Grey prediction. Performance evaluation system is constantly modified by PDSA cycle. This evaluation system of green supply chain is simple, cheap, precise, effective and dynamic; moreover, it also helps international logistics firms rapidly make decision regarding resource distribution of supply chain.
Kennedy's Disease

X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy is a degenerative disease affecting motor neurons that is caused by polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion within the androgen receptor (AR). The polyQ-expanded form of AR is cytotoxic to cells, and proteolytic cleavage enhances cell death. The intracellular signaling pathways activated and/or required for cell death induced by the expanded form of AR (AR112) are unknown. We found that AR regulates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) pathways and, therefore, hypothesized that these pathway(s) may be required for AR112-induced cell death. The polyQ expansion in AR activates three MAP kinase pathways, causing increasing levels of phosphorylation of p44/42, p38, and SAPK/JNK MAP kinase. Inhibitors of either the JNK or p38 pathways had no effect on AR112-induced cell death, suggesting they are not required for polyQ-induced cell death. Strikingly, the MEK1/2 inhibitor, U0126, which selectively inhibits the p44/42 MAP kinase pathway, reduces AR112-stimulated cell death. The inhibition of the MEK1/2 pathway correlates directly with a change in phosphorylation state of the androgen receptor. Mutation of the MAP kinase consensus phosphorylation site in AR at serine 514 blocked AR-induced cell death and the generation of caspase-3-derived cleavage products. We propose a mechanism by which phosphorylation at serine 514 of AR enhances the ability of caspase-3 to cleave AR and generate cytotoxic polyQ fragments.
Cosmetics, categories, and the future

Cosmetics is an interesting unregulated category of over‐the‐counter products designed to enhance appearance and skin health. The coloring agents used in cosmetics are regulated along with their preservative constituents. New understandings of skin physiology have allowed cosmetics to advance beyond appearance issues into the functional arena. Cosmeceuticals is an unrecognized term from a regulatory perspective that conveys the new cosmetic formulations ability to improve skin health.