Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterising response and resistance mechanisms toFaslodex in breast cancer

In ER+ breast cancer initial responses to antihormones are variable, complete responses are rare and resistance is eventually acquired by many patients. It is important to model these events to discover predictive markers of antihormone outcome and so targeted strategies can be developed to maximise antihormone effectiveness. To date, most studies have employed the MCF-7 cell line which fails to represent the variability of ER+ disease. Focusing on Faslodex, the thesis objective was to use 4 cell lines in vitro encompassing ER+/HER2- (MCF-7/T47D) and ER+/HER2+ (BT474/MDA-MB-361) disease to (i) characterise the magnitude of initial antihormone response, (ii) monitor the onset of resistance by prolonged treatment and (iii) detail gene expression changes during Faslodex treatment. All models were initially growth-inhibited by Faslodex, with superior responses in HER2- lines. Microarray analysis revealed gene cohorts affected by Faslodex treatment differed between HER2+ and HER2- models. While MCF-7, BT474 and MDA-MB-361 cells acquired Faslodex resistance, this failed to develop in the T47D line, providing a model of complete-response. A filtering process identified genes involved in the varying Faslodex responses and clinical relevance was determined using the NEWEST Faslodex clinical trial dataset. Of interest was the Faslodex-induction of CXCR4, as a potential mediator of acquired resistance, while suppression of the RET signalling pathway related to improved initial response in the ER+/HER2- setting. Importantly up-regulation of DCN by Faslodex was associated with improved Faslodex response in T47D cells and also with proliferation (Ki67) fall in the NEWEST clinical trial. shRNA knockdown of DCN reduced the sensitivity of T47D cells to Faslodex and enabled development of resistance. This thesis has successfully identified novel elements of Faslodex response and resistance and further work is now required to clarify the importance of these mediators and to determine if DCN could prove a useful clinical biomarker of Faslodex response.
Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Fenugreek , Marjoram and Their Combination on Performance and Carcass Traits of NZW Growing Rabbits Tag

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of two dietary herbal plants (fenugreek seeds (F), marjoram leaves (M) and their combination (F+M)) supplementation on productive performance and carcass traits of New Zealand White rabbits (NZW). The herbal plants were dietary added for 8 weeks at the following levels: T1 (0% F+0% M), T2 (0.25%F), T3 (0. 25%M), T4 (0.50%F), T5 (0.50%M), T6 (0.25% F+0.25% M), T7 (0.50% F+0.25% M), T8 (0.25% F+0.50% M) and T9 (0.50% F+0.50% M). Ninety unsexed rabbits at 6 week of age (750-775g initial body weight) were divided into 9 treatment groups. Each treatment had 10 rabbits. At the end of the feeding traits, no significant differences were observed in LBW of rabbits comparing with the control group. However, group 4 which fed fenugreek (0.50%) achieved the highest final LBW at 14 weeks of age. During the whole period, means of feed consumption of rabbits were not significantly different among experimental groups. Concerning feed conversion ratio (FCR) for the whole experimental period, there were no significant differences among all groups. Herbal plants supplementation had no significant effect on relative weights of carcass yield, liver or heart. Generally, the present study concluded that the consumption of fenugreek and marjoram had positive effects on rabbit's performance and carcass traits of growing NZW rabbits.
Real-Time Low-Distortion Digital PWM Modulator for Switching Converters

A compensation scheme to reduce the inherent baseband distortion in uniform PWM modulators (UPWM) is presented in this paper. The method is based on real-time mapping of the switching times of UPWM to those of natural PWM that, as it is well-known, exhibits far less inband distortion. Two alternatives are presented: one based on an exact, analytic algorithm recently reported in the literature, and another one that uses an artificial neural network (ANN). Both methods are designed for arbitrary, band-limited modulating signals and they are not restricted to single-frequency sinusoids, as other techniques presented in the literature. Simulation results and experimental measurements of a FPGA implementation demonstrate a significant reduction of the distortion in real-time applications. The performance of both alternatives is compared for several modulating signals, and the results of industry-standard distortion tests are also reported. Finally, some guidelines for choosing the best alternative for ASIC or FPGA implementations are provided. Copyright © 2012 Praise Worthy Prize S.r. l. All rights reserved.
Comparison Blindness

Change blindness has been linked to comparisons over time when visual input is disturbed by a transient. This is most directly seen in “flicker” paradigms where change is invisible when introduced during a blank period between successive presentations of stimuli, and is implicit in paradigms where a stimulus is changed during a saccade. Difficulties in comparing two simultaneously present stimuli have been considered to be due to transaccadic memory limitations in tasks requiring saccades. We present here experiments that demonstrate the phenomenology of change blindness, but in tasks where two stimuli are present in the central visual field within a single fixation and where there are no transients present. These experiments are based on contrast discriminations of patterns composed of a few simple elements. We have found comparisons over space within a single fixation to be as difficult as comparisons over time. As in the more usual paradigms for change blindness, cueing makes changes easy to detect. These results suggest that a memory bottleneck is not essential to produce change blindness.
On the Factor Structure in Observation-driven Closed-form Copula Models ∗

This paper develops multi-factor copula models to capture the time-varying dependence across a large panel of financial assets. The factor structures are based on group characteristics of financial assets, which allows for different patterns of within and between group dependencies. We build score-driven dynamics for the factor loadings, possibly driven by exogenous variables. The factor copula model retains computational tractable as the copula density is available in closed form, which proves beneficial for parameter estimation. We apply our new approach to daily equity returns, realized variances and realized equi-correlations of 100 stocks of the S&P 500 index over the period 2001 to 2014. One-step ahead copula-density forecasts of the whole support and in the joint lower tail based on multi-factor copula models significantly improve upon one-factor models and recently developed benchmarks. Finally, including realized measures into the factor copula specification statistically improves the density forecasts, although the influence vanishes when the factor structure enriches.
Expression and optimization of flavonoid 3 ’ , 5 ’ hydroxylase of tea plant [ Camellia sinensis ( L . ) O . Kuntze ] in Escherichia coli

Catechins are the most prominent characteristic and functional compounds of tea, of which, the type of B ring 3', 4’ 5'-hydroxy catechins account for 65% of the total content. Flavonoid 3’,5’ hydroxylase (F3’5’H) is a key enzyme for flavonoid synthesis in tea plant(Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze). The cDNA sequence of F3’5’H gene was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends(RACE), and its full length was 1 944 bp with ORF (open reading frame) beginning from 55 nt to 1 587 nt , encoding 510 amino acids. Bioinformatics analysis results showed that the deduced protein molecular weight and theoretical isoelectric point were 57.1 kDa and 9.06, separately. The gene was cloned into the expression vector pET32a (+) for expression in prokaryotic cells. The SDS-PAGE results showed that the flavonoid 3’, 5’ hydroxylase protein was expressed in Escherichia coli rosetta. The temperature for protein expression was optimized, and the induced protein was purified by Cobalt ion purification column. This research will lay a foundation for the enzymatic kinetics and histochemical localization of flavonoid 3’, 5’ hydroxylase.
FÍSICA DE REDE COMPLEXAS

não é mais do que um conjunto de nodos (vértices) e ligações (arestas) entre eles (Fig. 1) [1-5]. Os exemplos mais comuns de redes (grafo é uma designação mais usada na literatura matemática) incluem a World Wide Web (WWW), Internet, redes sociais, redes biológicas e muitas outras (Fig. 2). O estudo das redes teve o seu início por volta de 1735 quando Leonard Euler apresentou a solução para o problema das pontes de Königsberg. Esta prova é por muitos hoje considerada o ponto de partida de um ramo da matemática (teoria dos grafos), para o qual pessoas como Erdos Rényi deram contribuições importantíssimas, nas últimas décadas do século XX. Também, durante o século passado, muitos estudos, mais empíricos, foram realizados na área das ciências sociais. Um dos trabalhos percursores nesta área foi o de Milgram [6]. Mais recentemente, com o aparecimento de redes reais com um grande número de nodos e com o aumento da capacidade computacional tornaramse viáveis estudos das mesmas.
Częstoskurcze typu torsade de pointes wywołane moksyfloksacyną

Torsade de pointes (TdP) coraz cześciej rozpoznaje sie jako powiklanie farmakoterapii. Najczestszą przyczyną wydluzenia odstepu QT wywolanego lekami jest inhibicja kanalu szybko aktywującego, opoźnionego potasowego prądu prostowniczego (I Kr ). Moksyfloksacyna, powszechnie stosowany fluorochinolon, to slaby inhibitor I Kr związany z wydluzeniem QT. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono przypadek kliniczny znacznego wydluzenia odstepu QT (618 ms) oraz TdP związanych ze stosowaniem moksyfloksacyny. Mimo ze trudno ocenic, ktorzy pacjenci są narazeni na wystąpienie TdP, staranna estymacja wspolczynnika zyskow i strat jest niezmiernie istotna przy przepisywaniu lekow wywolujących wydluzenie odstepu QT.
FPGA DESIGN TO SUPPORT A CORBA COMPONENT

The Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) standard that supports the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is not generally used because it is difficult to implement and to develop using Hardware Description Language (HDL). In this paper, we propose a way to design an FPGA to support a CORBA. For FPGA to support the CORBA, an embedded microprocessor implemented in FPGA, a peripheral component interconnect (PCI)-based CORBA software, is used. The PCI-based CORBA improves data transfer throughput.
Sagittal Image Segmentation from Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

Early detection in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is essential to reduce the rupture risk of aortic wall that cause bleeding and often lead to death. The position and shape of AAA is important to complete the diagnosis of doctors in planning the clinical treatment. The segmentation of sagittal image to get aorta play important rule to them, but manual segmentation methods is time consuming. The characteristics of sagittal image have a gray level that is almost the same between one organs to another so it is difficult segmented. This research proposes an excellent semi-automatic segmentation method to segmentation the sagittal MRI image base connected component labelling method. 5 sagittal image specific from a patient with small AAA is used to implemented this propose method. All images were success segmented. The aorta as a result of this proposes method is the best than the Chan-Vese segmentation method and manual segmentation method.
CosmoDC2: A Synthetic Sky Catalog for Dark Energy Science with LSST

This paper introduces cosmoDC2, a large synthetic galaxy catalog designed to support precision dark energy science with the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). CosmoDC2 is the starting point for the second data challenge (DC2) carried out by the LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration (LSST DESC). The catalog is based on a trillion-particle, (4.225 Gpc)3 box cosmological N-body simulation, the ‘Outer Rim’ run. It covers 440 deg2 of sky area to a redshift of z = 3 and is complete to a magnitude depth of 28 in the r-band. Each galaxy is characterized by a multitude of properties including stellar mass, morphology, spectral energy distributions, broadband filter magnitudes, host halo information and weak lensing shear. The size and complexity of cosmoDC2 requires an efficient catalog generation methodology; our approach is based on a new hybrid technique that combines data-driven empirical approaches with semi-analytic galaxy modeling. A wide range of observation-based validation tests has been implemented to ensure that cosmoDC2 enables the science goals of the planned LSST DESC DC2 analyses. This paper also represents the official release of the cosmoDC2 data set, including an efficient reader that facilitates interaction with the data.
The Representative Capacity of Parameters Derived from the Radial Signature

A method for the boundary representation of ’simple’ shapes is presented. It is based on the radial signature and exploits its extrema information to arrive at a low-dimensional geometric description (ca. 10 dimensions). This short description can represent shapes well, which is demonstrated on the Corel and MPEG7 collection. Its key advantage is the short computation duration. If this description is extended by further radial-based parameters and combined with Fourier descriptors, it leads to almost the same retrieval performance as the best-performing signature approach, which also uses Fourier descriptors. In a classification task, the radial-based descriptors clearly outperform the Fourier descriptors.
Exploiting Parallel Neural Networks for Automatic Recognition of Characters and Mathematical Symbols

The development of a reliable Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software specifically tailored for scientific texts has been long required from the community of blind and visually impaired people, since only very few scientific texts are accessible. We develop a recognition core of OCR with the artificial neural networks (ANN) for recognizing both normal and scientific text (i.e. Latin characters, Greek characters and mathematical symbols). We present the procedures for training each neural network with the back propagation method, and then develop three voting strategies in order to make these neural networks work in parallel. The overall architecture of our OCR is based on the parallel neural networks (PNN).
Fifty Shades of Race : The Influence of Racial Identity on Racial Categorization

Categorization, including but not limited to social categorization, is a natural and automatic process for human beings. The aim of this study is to investigate whether racial identity plays a role in how racially ambiguous faces are categorized by Black and White individuals. Participants are African Americans and European Americans affiliated with the Pennsylvania State University, as students, staff, or faculty. Participants were given a forced choice task where they had to racially categorize visual stimuli, which were morphed faces of a phonotypical averaged White and a phonotypical averaged Black face, as Black or White and then racial identity was measured by the Race Specific Collective Self-Esteem Scale (CSE) and the Multigroup Ethnicity Identity measure (MEIM). Results found that race, gender, and member self-esteem or private self-esteem was significant predictors for breakpoint scores (or the amount of a Black face morphed into a White face to consider the face Black).
Object-based unawareness: Axioms

This paper provides foundations for a model of unawareness, called object-based unawareness (OBU) structures, that can be used to distinguish between what an agent is unaware of and what she simply does not know. At an informal level, this distinction plays a key role in a number of papers such as Tirole (2009) and Chung & Fortnow (2016). In this paper, we give the model-theoretic description of OBU structures by showing how they assign truth conditions to every sentence of the formal language used. We then prove a model-theoretic sound and completeness theorem, which characterizes OBU structures in terms of a system of axioms. We then verify that agents in OBU structures do not violate any of the introspection axioms that are generally considered to be necessary conditions for a plausible notion of unawareness. Applications are provided in our companion paper.
THE QUELITES OF IXHUAPAN, VERACRUZ: AVAILABILITY, SUPPLY AND CONSUMPTION

La literatura sobre quelites mexicanos ha documentado la riqueza cultural y biológica del país, contribuyendo al estudio de la diversidad de la dieta y el manejo de los recursos naturales en zonas rurales. Sin embargo, hay dos temas poco tratados en la literatura. Primero, el papel de las mujeres en el abastecimiento de quelites, segundo, se requiere identificar mejor los factores sociales y económicos que afectan la disponibilidad de estos alimentos; por ejemplo, el uso de agroquímicos. Este trabajo se propone contribuir a esta literatura mediante el análisis de la disponibilidad, abastecimiento y consumo de quelites en Ixhuapan, comunidad nahua de la Sierra de Santa Marta, Veracruz. Los datos fueron obtenidos de tres fuentes: entrevistas grupales, encuestas, y entrevistas individuales. Se resalta el papel de las mujeres en el abastecimiento de quelites y se discute algunas razones por las cuales los jefes de familia han adoptado el uso de agroquímicos, aunque ocasionan daño a los quelites.
Bridging AI Developers and End Users: an End-User-Centred Explainable AI Taxonomy and Visual Vocabularies

Researchers in the re-emerging field of explainable/interpretable artificial intelligence (XAI) have not paid enough attention to the end users of AI, who may be lay persons or domain experts such as doctors, drivers, and judges. We took an end-user-centric lens and conducted a literature review of 59 technique papers on XAI algorithms and/or visualizations. We grouped the existing explanatory forms in the literature into the end-user-friendly XAI taxonomy. It consists of three forms that explain AI’s decisions: feature attribute, instance, and decision rules/trees. We also analyzed the visual representations for each explanatory form, and summarized them as the XAI visual vocabularies. Our work is a synergy of XAI algorithm, visualization, and user-centred design. It provides a practical toolkit for AI developers to define the explanation problem from a user-centred perspective, and expand the visualization space of explanations to develop more end-user-friendly XAI systems.
Life after the drought : temporal genetic structure of Paracheirodon axelrodi Schultz , 1956 ( Characiformes : Characidae ) in the middle Negro River

The cardinal tetra (Paracheirodon axelrodi) is one of the principal species exploited by the ornamental fishery in the middle Negro River, Amazonas State, Brazil. Paracheirodon axelrodi has a short life cycle, between 12-16 months, reaching reproductive age in approximately 9 months, and thus is an ideal candidate species to test if severe ecological disturbances, such as droughts, leave a molecular signature. We explored this possibility through the analysis of individuals sampled from a single locality in the Negro River basin during the 2007/flood, 2007/dry, 2009/flood, 2009/dry and 2010/dry seasons. The results showed that allelic frequencies shifted significantly starting with the 2007/drought, and allelic richness diminished to the point that a significant bottleneck effect was detected, which consequently affected AMOVA results, heterozygosity and Ne. The dry season of 2007 was influenced by the El Niño phenomenon, which was followed by La Niña. The results suggest that P. axelrodi populations suffer the effects of extreme climate phenomena and that population reductions caused by droughts cause changes in genetic diversity across generations. Therefore, analyses of temporal samples can help to assess population trends and guide management strategies for the species.
Apoptosis: a rapid and silent form of death.

tissue damage and inflammatory response; or b) apoptosis (Greek meaning apo, off; ptosis, falling), where the cell remnants quietly disappear as they are phagocytosed by surrounding cells. The latter, first described, in 1972, by Kerr et al. (1), is the process by which cells are removed under normal conditions when they reach the end of their life span, are damaged or are superfluous. It is estimated that normal apoptotic cell removal take place at a rate of 1x10 cell per day, which is equivalent to the turnover of an adult’s total body weight every 18-24 months. In cells undergoing apoptosis, there is shrinkage, lost of specialized surface features (microvilli), ruffling, membrane blebbing, condensation and margination of nuclear chromatin and nuclear fragmentation (Fig. 1a). Afterwards, there is cellular fragmentation into membrane-enclosed “apoptotic bodies” that are engulfed rapidly by tissue macrophages and neighboring cells. This process is typically complete in only 30 to 60 minutes. As no cytosolic contents are released during apoptosis, inflammation is not triggered. The microscopic appearance of an apoptotic cell consists of intense eosinophilic cytoplasm, condensed chromatin masses and picnotic nucleus (2). Councilman bodies (Fig. 1b), a well known pathological feature of hepatocellular death, represent apoptotic bodies. In the final stage of apoptosis, endonucleases cleavage DNA in the internucleosomal linker regions giving rise to about 200-base-pair fragments. Separation of these fragments by agarose gel electrophoresis reveals the characteristic DNA ladder pattern of apoptosis (Fig. 1c), which is in contrast to the smudge pattern seen with cell necrosis caused by the fully degraded DNA. Apoptosis is an integral part of normal tissue development and homeostasis, eliminating redundant cells during embryogenesis. Furthermore, apoptotic cell death can be induced by multiple stimuli, including oxidative stress, radiation, Apoptosis: a rapid and silent form of death
Quantitative Visual Characterization of Contaminant Metals and their Mobility in Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts

A new approach for characterization of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts is proposed. This approach is based on computational visual analyses of images originating from field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) studies coupled with elemental mapping via electron dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses. The concept of contaminant metal mobility is defined and systematically studied through quantification of interparticle transfer and intraparticle penetration of the most common FCC contaminant metals (nickel, vanadium, iron, and calcium). This novel methodology was employed for practical quantification of intraparticle mobility via the Peripheral Deposition Index (PDI). For analyzing and quantifying interparticle mobility, a new index was developed and coined “Interparticle Mobility Index” or IMI. With the development and practical application of these two indices, this study offers the first standardized methodology for quantification of metals mobility in FCC. This novel systematic approach for analyzing metals mobility allows for improved troubleshooting of refinery-specific case studies and for more effective research and development in contaminant metals passivation in FCC catalysts.