Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Enterically infecting viruses: pathogenicity, transmission and significance for food and waterborne infection

Enterically infecting viruses are ubiquitous agents, mostly inducing silent infections. Several are however associated with significant diseases in man from diarrhoea and vomiting to hepatitis and meningitis. These viruses arc drawn from a variety of virus families and have different structures and genetic material, yet all are suited to this means of transmission: Normally they are shed in high numbers (assisting environmental transit) and exhibit great particle stability (permitting survival both outside the body and on passage through the stomach). Human activities particularly associated with food and water processing and distribution have the capacity to influence the epidemiology of these viruses. This review provides a description of viruses spreading by these means, their significance as pathogens and considers their behavior in these human-assisted processes.
Low frequency noise in 2D materials: Graphene and MoS2

The noise mechanisms in graphene and MoS<inf>2</inf> are quite different. The noise characteristics of MoS<inf>2</inf> transistors could be described by the McWhorter model. The range of the trap densities responsible for the 1/f noise in MoS<inf>2</inf> extracted from the noise measurements is from ∼10<sup>18</sup> eV<sup>−1</sup>cm<sup>−3</sup> to ∼ 6×10<sup>20</sup> eV<sup>−1</sup>cm<sup>−3</sup>. The smallest noise level and smallest trap density was found for multilayer MoS<inf>2</inf> transistors with the number of layer N>6. The noise level in graphene, in general, is much smaller than in MoS<inf>2</inf> transistors and does not comply with the McWhorter model. The low frequency noise in high quality graphene transistors might be relatively low and comparable to Si MOSFETs. The contacts have an important effect on the noise in graphene, but the dominant sources of noise in not aged devices is the channel. The gate voltage dependencies of noise in graphene indicate that the mobility fluctuations give the dominant contribution to noise. The noise measurements of electron irradiated graphene devices and measurements in magnetic field confirm this hypothesis. Both in MoS<inf>2</inf> and graphene, the noise decreases with the number, N, of the atomic layers. The 1/f noise in relatively thin graphene devices with N<7 is the surface phenomenon. In the thicker graphene devices the volume mechanisms of noise start to dominate. Gas environment changes the shape of the noise spectra in graphene. Therefore, the low frequency noise measurements, in combination with other sensing parameters, can be used for the selective gas sensing.
Reducing test application time and power dissipation for scan-based testing via multiple clock disabling

Two problems that are becoming quite critical for scan-based testing are long test application time and high test power consumption. Previously, many efficient methods have been developed to address these two problems separately. In this paper, we propose a novel method called the multiple clock disabling (MCD) technique to reduce test application time and test power dissipation simultaneously. Our method is made possible by cleverly employing a number of existing techniques to generate a special set of test patterns that is suitable for a scan architecture based on the MCD technique. Experimental results show that on average 81% and 85% reductions in test application time and power dissipation have been respectively obtained when comparing to the conventional scan method.
Meta‐analysis of randomized trials comparing combined compression and anticoagulation with either modality alone for prevention of venous thromboembolism after surgery

Although venous thromboembolism (VTE) is an important cause of postoperative morbidity and mortality, there is still no consensus on the optimal strategy for VTE prevention after major surgery. The objective of this review was to determine the benefits and risks of thromboprophylaxis with both compression and anticoagulation, compared with either modality alone.
The N‐terminal DNA‐binding ‘zinc finger’ of the oestrogen and glucocorticoid receptors determines target gene specificity.

Steroid hormone receptors activate specific gene transcription by binding as hormone‐receptor complexes to short DNA enhancer‐like elements termed hormone response elements (HREs). We have shown previously that a highly conserved 66 amino acid region of the oestrogen (ER) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptors, which corresponds to part of the receptor DNA binding domain (region C) is responsible for determining the specificity of target gene activation. This region contains two sub‐regions (CI and CII) analogous to the ‘zinc‐fingers’ of the transcription factor TFIIIA. We show here that CI and CII appear to be separate domains both involved in DNA binding. Furthermore, using chimaeric ERs in which either the first (N‐terminal) (CI) or second (CII) ‘zinc finger’ region has been exchanged with that of the GR, indicates that it is the first ‘zinc finger’ which largely determines target gene specificity. We suggest that receptor recognition of the HRE is analogous to that of the helix‐turn‐helix DNA binding motif in that the receptor binds to DNA as a dimer with the first ‘zinc finger’ lying in the major groove recognizing one half of the palindromic HRE, and that protein‐DNA interaction is stabilized through non‐specific DNA binding and dimer interactions contributed by the second ‘zinc finger’.
Electrochemical and Electrostatic Energy Storage and Management Systems for Electric Drive Vehicles: State-of-the-Art Review and Future Trends

Recently, increased emissions regulations and a push for less dependence on fossil fuels are factors that have enticed a growth in the market share of alternative energy vehicles. Readily available energy storage systems (ESSs) pose a challenge for the mass market penetration of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), plug-in HEVs, and EVs. This is mainly due to the high cost of ESS available today. However, tremendous research efforts are going into reducing the cost of these storage devices, increasing their lifespan, and improving their energy density. This paper aims to give an overview of the current state of readily available battery and ultracapacitor (UC) technologies as well as a look ahead toward promising advanced battery chemistries and next generation ESS. Energy management systems and various battery balancing configurations are discussed in addition to battery state/parameter estimation and protection mechanisms. Finally, hybrid ESSs (HESS) are reviewed as a mitigation strategy to the shortcomings of traditional battery and UC technologies. Consideration is given to the combination of advanced battery chemistries with UCs to portray HESS performance, which can meet and exceed the performance of current ESS technologies.
Microelectromechanical accelerometer under mechanical impact conditions

The paper presents the effect of mechanical impact on the multiple-axis microelectromechanical system (MEMS) accelerometer. The parameters of accelerometer and its impact load allow considering the impact to be long and displacements induced by this impact to be quasi-static. The impact load results in a contact interaction between the movable and stationary elements of the structure. To prevent the contact interaction, the limit stops are installed in accelerometer. Investigations are carried out using the ANSYS finite element program and MATLAB/Simulink support package. Investigation results are achieved for the displacement and stress values of accelerometer.
No Effect of a Selective Serotonergic/Noradrenergic Reuptake Inhibitor on Endurance Performance

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of a selective serotonin/noradrenaline (5-HT/NA) reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) on exercise performance. Seven well-trained male cyclists completed 2 time trials in a doubleblind randomized crossover design ingesting either placebo (PLAC) or 2 × 37.5 mg of Venlafaxine (VEN). Blood samples were collected for adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH), prolactin (PRL), cortisol, growth hormone (GH), beta-endorphins, and catecholamines and were taken at rest, at 30-min time intervals, at the end of exercise, and during recovery. Performance was not influenced by the SNRI (VEN: 92 min ± 3 min, PLAC: 92 min ± 1 min). Lactate concentrations, heart rate, and fatigue scores were not different between trials. All hormones increased during exercise in both trials. In the VEN trial, ACTH, beta endorphins, and NA concentrations were higher. The results from the present study demonstrate that a SNRI is not able to affect endurance performance in well-trained cyclists. However, it seems as though the hormonal response to the combination of the pharmacological manipulation and exercise is regulated more by the noradrenergic drive.
On the Quantum Nature of the Shared Proton in Hydrogen Bonds

The relative influence of thermal and quantum fluctuations on the proton transfer properties of the charged water complexes H5O2+ and H3O2− was investigated with the use of ab initio techniques. These small systems can be considered as prototypical representatives of strong and intermediate-strength hydrogen bonds. The shared proton in the strongly hydrogen bonded H5O2+ behaved in an essentially classical manner, whereas in the H3O2− low-barrier hydrogen bond, quantum zero-point motion played a crucial role even at room temperature. This behavior can be traced back to a small difference in the oxygen-oxygen separation and hence to the strength of the hydrogen bond.
The spectrum of syndromes and manifestations in individuals screened for suspected Marfan syndrome

The diagnosis of Marfan syndrome (MFS) is based on evaluating a large number of clinical criteria. We have observed that many persons presenting in specialized centers for “Marfan‐like” features do not have MFS, but exhibit a large spectrum of other syndromes. The spectrum of these syndromes and the distribution of “Marfan‐like” features remain to be characterized. Thus, we prospectively evaluated 279 consecutive patients with suspected MFS (144 men and 135 women at a mean age of 34 ± 13 years) for presence of 27 clinical criteria considered characteristic of MFS. The most frequent reasons to refer individuals for suspected MFS were skeletal features (31%), a family history of MFS, or aortic complications (29%), aortic dissection or aneurysm (19%), and eye manifestations (9%). Using established criteria, we confirmed MFS in 138 individuals (group 1) and diagnosed other connective tissue diseases, both with vascular involvement in 30 (group 2) and without vascular involvement in 39 (group 3), and excluded any distinct disease in 72 individuals (group 4). Clinical manifestations of MFS were present in all four patient groups and there was no single clinical criterion that exhibited positive and negative likelihood ratios that were per se sufficient to confirm or rule out MFS. We conclude that “Marfan‐like” features are not exclusively indicative of MFS but also of numerous, alternative inherited diseases with many of them carrying a hitherto poorly defined cardiovascular risk. These alternative diseases require future study to characterize their responses to therapy and long‐term prognosis. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
To perform or not to perform liver biopsy—that is the question

Should liver biopsy be performed to determine the cause of abnormal liver biochemical tests in the absence of diagnostic serology? One of the most difficult management decisions in clinical hepatology, especially for the general gastroenterologist, is whether to perform a liver biopsy in a patient with abnormal liver function tests, particularly in the absence of diagnostic serology, or a history of drug or alcohol use. At first sight the benefits of performing an invasive procedure in such asymptomatic patients are not obvious when balanced against the potential hazards of bile leak or haemorrhage.1 Histological causes of abnormal liver biochemistry have been studied previously in patients with excess alcohol ingestion or advanced liver disease.2,3 However, to date, there have been few published histological data on asymptomatic patients with persistently abnormal liver enzyme abnormalities on which to base management decisions such as liver biopsy. In a recent Scandinavian study, 150 asymptomatic patients with elevated serum transaminases underwent liver biopsy.4 While fibrosis was observed in half of the biopsies, only 2% were cirrhotic, and in the majority a mild …
Outcomes of routine ilioinguinal lymph node dissection for palpable inguinal melanoma nodal metastasis

Patients who present with palpable inguinal melanoma nodal metastasis have two surgical options: inguinal or ilioinguinal lymph node dissection. Indications for either operation remain controversial. This study examined survival and recurrence outcomes following ilioinguinal dissection for patients with palpable inguinal nodal metastasis, and assessed the incidence and preoperative predictors of pelvic nodal metastasis.
Childhood Sexual Abuse Differentially Predicts Outcome of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Deliberate Self-Harm

This study examined the association of childhood abuse with deliberate self-harm and related psychopathology and the impact of childhood abuse on treatment outcome as assessed in a randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for 90 young people who recently engaged in Deliberate Self-Harm (DSH). Participants with a history of childhood sexual abuse manifested more Axis I disorders and reported higher levels of DSH, depression, suicidal cognitions, anxiety, and dissociation. After statistically controlling for baseline differences in DSH and related psychopathology, participants with a reported history of childhood sexual abuse showed a significantly lower risk of repeated DSH in the Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy condition compared with those receiving treatment-as-usual (TAU). Our results suggest that a structured treatment format and focus on adequate emotion regulation skills may be essential elements in the treatment of persons with DSH and a history of childhood sexual abuse.
Body size as an indicator of parasitoid quality in male and female Anagyrus kamali (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae)

Abstract The parasitoid Anagyrus kamali Moursi was recently introduced into the Caribbean as a biological control agent against the hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus Green. In the laboratory, parasitoid size, as measured by left hind tibia length, was positively correlated several indicators of the parasitoid‘s fitness: longevity, mating preference, fecundity, reproductive longevity, progeny emergence and sex-ratio. When fed ad libidum with honey drops, large male parasitoids lived significantly longer (29.1 ± 6.5 days) than small ones ± 5.7 days). Large females also lived significantly longer (35.4 ± 10 days) than small females (27.9 ± 9.6 days). Females showed no significant mating preference between large and small males. Lifetime fecundity was positively correlated with the size of adult females ranged from 37 ± 21 eggs for small females to 96 ± 43 eggs for large ones. The reproductive longevity, daily oviposition rate, and number of progeny were also higher among large parasitoids. The sex ratio of progeny from small female parasitoids was higher (0.76 ± than that of large individuals (0.47 ± 0.18).
A fixed AMR for an Electric Company, using a new type of wireless mesh network: A Case Study

In this poster we describe and detail a real life application of a wireless sensor network, using a new mesh topology model. This network model leads to a reliability improvement caused by the spatial diversity of the propagation paths - the reception of multiple packetspsila copies over many paths, some of them possibly faded or disrupted. To prove the inherently coordination-free capability, the poster describes the deployment and the operation of the network by personnel who was not trained for the task and the short (less than a day) deployment time. The main discussion is about the architecture of the system and the field test results, as they lead to a high probability that changes in the site are inherently handled by the system without human intervention. The model, evaluations and results reported concern a commercial pilot of 100 nodes, conducted by the Israel Electric Company in a dense urban area and fully operational since its deployment.
Synthesis of bredinin 5'-alkylphosphates involving photochemical manipulation of the imidazole moiety, and their antitumor activities.

Bredinin 5'-oleyl and 5'-cetyl phosphates (2a and 2b), prepared from 1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide via a photochemical ring-opening reaction of the imidazole moiety, showed remarkable antitumor effects against various transplantable mouse tumors, and were clearly superior to bredinin (1).
Analyse statique temporelle des performances en présence de variations de tension d'alimentation et de température

Face a la complexite des nouvelles technologies et a la sensibilite des parametres physiques, il est devenu necessaire d’evaluer l’impact des differentes sources de variations sur un circuit, notre etude est orientee en particulier au niveau temporel et particulierement pour la temperature et la tension d’alimentation. L’accroissement relatif de la variabilite des procedes de fabrication se traduit actuellement par une augmentation importante du conservatisme induit par la methode de validation classique. Pour reduire le gap croissant entre les resultats obtenus sur silicium et la methode de validation standard, nous avons utilise un modele analytique, decrivant explicitement le role des parametres physiques et environnementaux dans le processus de commutation d’une porte. Partant de cela, nous avons defini une technique, et montre, qu’il est possible de reduire le pessimisme des analyses actuelles, en prenant des valeurs reelles de tension et/ou de temperature specifiques pour chaque cellule. Une etude complete de la sensibilite de la temperature sur les structures CMOS faible puissance a ete faite. Cela nous a permis de mettre en evidence la presence du phenomene d’inversion en temperature, les plus mauvaises performances temporelles d’un circuit pouvant aussi bien etre observees a 125°C qu’a n’importe quelle autre valeur de temperature. Ceci pose le probleme de l’identification de la temperature a laquelle les performances pire cas apparaissent. La comprehension de l’impact de ce parametre a tous les niveaux (du transistor au circuit) nous a permis, d’apporter une solution robuste pour prendre en compte ce phenomene dans le flot de conception et de validation d’un circuit
Company characteristics, macroeconomic conditions and dynamic capital structure adjustment in China

Target capital structure choice and capital structure adjustment speed vary over time due to the different company characteristics and macroeconomic conditions. Based on the unbalanced panel data of Chinese nonfinancial listed companies from 1997 to 2006, this article builds a partial adjustment capital structure model which endogenize some decisive factors of target capital structure, and the empirical results show that the company's capital structure is significantly influenced by firm-specific characteristics as well as macroeconomic factors, and the adjustment speed of company's capital structure is significantly influenced by macroeconomic factors which are defined by GDP growth rate or term spread. Companies adjust to their target leverage faster in good macroeconomic conditions than in bad macroeconomic conditions.
4-Desoxy-4β-(4-methoxycarbonyl-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)podophyllotoxin dichloromethane solvate

In the title compound {systematic name: methyl 1-[12-oxo-10-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4,6,13-trioxatetracyclo[7.7. 0.03,7.011,15]hexadeca-1,3(7),8-trien-16-yl]-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylate dichloromethane solvate}, C26H25N3O9·CH2Cl2, the tetrahydrofuran ring and the six-membered ring fused to it both display envelope conformations.
Programmable group-delay module using binary polarization switching

We demonstrate the first programmable group-delay module based on polarization switching. With a unique binary tuning mechanism, the device can generate any differential group delay value from -45 to +45 ps with a resolution of 1.40 ps, or any true-time-delay value from 0 to 45 ps with a resolution of 0.7 ps. The delay varying speeds for both applications are under 1 ms and can be as fast as 0.1 ms. We evaluate both the dynamic and static performances of the device while paying special attention to its dynamic figures of merit for polarization-mode dispersion emulation and compensation applications. Our experiment shows that the device exhibits a negligible transient-effect induced power penalty (<0.2 dB) in a 10-Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero system.
Rod pathways in the mammalian retina use connexin 36

Many neurons in the mammalian retina are coupled by means of gap junctions. Here, we show that, in rabbit retina, an antibody to connexin 36 heavily labels processes of AII amacrine cells, a critical interneuron in the rod pathway. Image analysis indicates that Cx36 is primarily located at dendritic crossings between overlapping AII amacrine cells. This finding suggests that Cx36 participates in homotypic gap junctions between pairs of AII amacrine cells. Cx36 was also found at AII/cone bipolar contacts, previously shown to be gap junction sites. This finding suggests that Cx36 participates at gap junctions that may be heterotypic. These results place an identified neuronal connexin in the context of a well‐defined retinal circuit. The absence of Cx36 in many other neurons known to be coupled suggests the presence of additional unidentified connexins in mammalian neurons. Conversely, Cx36 labeling in other regions of the retina is not associated with AII amacrine cells, indicating some other cell types use Cx36. J. Comp. Neurol. 436:336–350, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Perspective dragging: quick area selection in photos

Photos often exhibit many perspectively slanted planar parts like buildings, roads, or shop signages. We present an intuitive user interface to quickly select areas in photos using perspective dragging. When loading an image, our system preliminary hierarchically segments regions that are potentially interpreted as perspective quads. During an interactive image editing session, whenever a user selects an area by first clicking a corner and then dragging the diagonally opposite corner, the system proposes a perspective sub-rectangle matching the dragged diagonal defined according to the segmented quad containing this diagonal. We illustrate the perspective click-and-drag selection with common image editing operations.
Nephrologists Should Voluntarily Divulge Survival Data to Potential Dialysis Patients: A Questionnaire Study

Background For many dialysis patients, survival is no different than with certain cancers. Yet, it appears that most nephrologists do not give detailed information about survival prior to obtaining informed consent for chronic dialysis. There are no published data on whether patients wish to be so informed. Objective To assess whether patients would want voluntary disclosure by their physician of their survival should they need dialysis, and if so, why? Method A questionnaire was completed by 100 general nephrology patients during their first visit to a nephrologist. Results The vast majority of patients (97%) would want to be given life-expectancy information, and for the physician to do so without having to be prompted. Furthermore, the majority of patients would want as much information as possible, both good and bad. Conclusions Virtually all patients want, and therefore should receive from their physician, prognostic information about dialysis to facilitate informed decision-making. This is in accordance with current practice guidelines.