Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of fertilization on soil microorganism of deteriiorated grassland in dry--hot valley region of Jinsha river

The fertilization of nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer experiment was carried out on the deteriorated grassland in the dry-hot valley region of the Jinsha River. After the experiment, quantity and biomass of soil microorganism as well as soil property were surveyed. The results showed, in the treatments of 5,15 g/(m~2·a) nitrogenous fertilizers, the variance of soil microorganism in quantity and biomass, compared with control, was not significant. But in the treatment of 25 g/(m~2·a) nitrogenous fertilizers, there were significantly incremented. Quantity and biomass of soil microorganism did not increase significantly under phosphate fertilization. Fertilization of nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer also didn't bring about the significant variance of the proportions of bacteria, fungus, and actinomycetes to the gross of microorganism. This indicated that nitrogenous fertilizer could affect the quantity of soil microorganism, but could not affect the composition of soil microorganism. Fertilization of nitrogenous fertilizer could increase the content of nitrate nitrogen, but had little affection on the content of ammoniacal nitrogen. After the fertilization of nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, the aboveground biomass of plant community appeared the trend of increase, but the content of soil organic matter, soil pH, and the water content had no significant change. Our results indicated that the restoration of the soil microorganism in the deteriorated grassland of the dry-hot valley region was difficult by the short-term fertilization of chemical fertilizer.
Domain structure formation by electron beam irradiation in lithium niobate crystals at elevated temperatures

We have studied experimentally the domain formation by electron beam irradiation in congruent lithium niobate crystals covered by a photoresist layer at the elevated temperatures up to 200 °C. The measured linear dose dependence of the switched domain area created by isolated dot irradiation has been attributed to external screening of the depolarization field by charges produced by incoming electrons. The significant decrease in the threshold field at the elevated temperatures has led to an increase in the domain area. The observed qualitative change of the domain shape with the temperature increase has been attributed to the highly nonequilibrium switching conditions caused by the existence of the artificial dielectric layer and domination of the stochastic nucleation. The optimal values of temperature and dose have allowed obtaining almost flat boundary of the switched area for line irradiation. The periodically poled structures of the through domains with periods from 10 to 40 μm have been created.We have studied experimentally the domain formation by electron beam irradiation in congruent lithium niobate crystals covered by a photoresist layer at the elevated temperatures up to 200 °C. The measured linear dose dependence of the switched domain area created by isolated dot irradiation has been attributed to external screening of the depolarization field by charges produced by incoming electrons. The significant decrease in the threshold field at the elevated temperatures has led to an increase in the domain area. The observed qualitative change of the domain shape with the temperature increase has been attributed to the highly nonequilibrium switching conditions caused by the existence of the artificial dielectric layer and domination of the stochastic nucleation. The optimal values of temperature and dose have allowed obtaining almost flat boundary of the switched area for line irradiation. The periodically poled structures of the through domains with periods from 10 to 40 μm have been created.
Penetration control of GTAW process for aluminum alloy using vision sensing

Unpredictable and inevitable perturbations during welding have adverse effects on the uniformity of weld penetration degree. Hence feedback control of weld penetration is necessary for assuring the welding quality. The backside weld bead width, regarded as a representation of penetration state, is measured usually by a structured-light sensor during the welding process. However, the structured-light method can only measure the width of the solidified weld behind the weld pool, but not the weld pool width, owing to the specular weld pool surface, thermal radiation and the possible arc light. It will introduce a time delay into the penetration control system. A novel low-cost visual technique of acquiring the backside weld pool width is developed in this paper, and the closed-loop control of weld penetration is achieved during gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) for aluminum alloy. The parallel light is projected onto the weld pool backside, and the outline of the weld pool is highlighted because of the different reflection from the plate’s flat surface and the weld pool’s convex surface. Changes in the plate geometry are introduced during the experiments to perturb the welding process. Results show that stable penetration is maintained despite the perturbation.
Young’s Modulus Determination of Polyester and Epoxy by Means of Ultrasonic Pulse Echo Testing

The Young’s modulus or elasticity modulus is material ability to resist elastic deformation when loaded. Thermosetting polymers have a wide range of modulus elasticity values. To determine the elasticity modulus value, materials need to be destructive tested, such as tensile test or bending test. But in industrial field, they avoided destructive test. Theoretically, the modulus of elasticity can also be determined by ultrasonic testing pulse echo method. This method has already applied successfully for metals material. The goal of this research was to evaluate probe used in longitudinal velocity measurement of polyester and epoxy and to determine Young’s Modulus of polyester and epoxy by means ultrasonic pulse echo testing. This method was performed using three longitudinal probes that have different diameters, frequencies, and additional delay line. The specimens were varied with different thicknesses. The ultrasonic pulse echo method uses probe 3 with a diameter of 12.7mm, a frequency of 1.5MHz, and additional delay line is most suitable to measure the longitudinal velocity of polyester and epoxy with thickness of 2.82-36.72 mm. Probe 3 has a smaller diameter and additional delay lines thus eliminating the effect of dead zones. The elastic modulus error of thermoset polymer material through ultrasonic testing of pulse echo method compared to the mechanical modulus of elasticity is still very large, i.e. 102% for epoxy, and 159% for polyester. A large error is caused by attenuation and the use of the elasticity modulus equation from ultrasonic testing that still requires modification.
New insights into the thermally activated defects in n-type float-zone silicon

Float-zone silicon has been long assumed to be bulk defect free and stable. Nevertheless, recently it was found that upon annealing between 450 °C to 700 °C detrimental defects can be activated in this material. Previous studies via deep level transient spectroscopy have identified several defect levels. However, it is still not clear which of these levels have a substantial impact on the minority carrier lifetime. In this study, we determine the recombination parameters of the dominant defect level using a combination of deep level transient spectroscopy and temperature and injection dependent lifetime spectroscopy. Additionally, we investigated the effect of hydrogenation on the thermally activated defects in ntype float-zone silicon. © 2019 American Institute of Physics Inc. All rights reserved.
Microstructural and phase characterisation of pyrolytic graphite coating by CVD using propane and methane as precursor

ABSTRACT Pyrolytic graphite (PyG) coatings on high-density graphite (HDG) substrates were deposited by chemical vapour deposition using propane and methane as precursor gas at aprocess temperature of 1800°C. Upon cooling to room temperature, cracking and delamination were observed in the PyG layer at certain edges of flat substrates deposited in propane cycle, attributed to large thermal expansion mismatch stresses. The PyG coatings deposited using different precursor hydrocarbon sources were characterised using polarised light microscopy, scanning electron microscope, X-Ray diffraction analysis, Laser Raman Spectroscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. Microstructure analysis revealed coarse structure cones grown with larger cone angles. The large deposition rate, associated growth and thermal stress in the case of propane cycle have led to the cohesive delamination of the PyG coating. Nickel melting studies to simulate the uranium melting was carried out in PyG coated HDG crucibles whichshowed reactive dissolution of PyG at the Ni/crucible interface.
Capacity Contribution Induced by Pseudo-Capacitance Adsorption Mechanism of Anode Carbonaceous Materials Applied in Potassium-ion Battery

The intrinsic bottleneck of graphite intercalation compound mechanism in potassium-ion batteries necessitates the exploitation of novel potassium storage strategies. Hence, utmost efforts have been made to efficiently utilize the extrinsic pseudo-capacitance, which offers facile routes by employing low-cost carbonaceous anodes to improve the performance of electrochemical kinetics, notably facilitating the rate and power characteristics for batteries. This mini-review investigates the methods to maximize the pseudo-capacitance contribution based on the size control and surface activation in recent papers. These methods employ the use of cyclic voltammetry for kinetics analysis, which allows the quantitative determination on the proportion of diffusion-dominated vs. pseudo-capacitance by verifying a representative pseudo-capacitive material of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Synergistically, additional schemes such as establishing matched binder–electrolyte systems are in favor of the ultimate purpose of high-performance industrialized potassium-ion batteries.
Tobacco or Health?: Physiological and Social Damages Caused by Tobacco Smoking

History of tobacco. - Epidemiology of tobacco dependence. - Tobacco constituents and additives. - Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of nicotine. - Smoking and lung diseases. - Cardiovascular disease, disturbances of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. - Other organ systems. - Smoking and pregnancy. - Passive smoking. - Non-drug treatments to promote smoking cessation. - Pharmacotherapy of nicotine dependence. - Primary prevention. - Tobacco industry, advertising and advertising bans. - Society, politics and the tobacco industry. - Appendix: Experiences from the Erfurt smoker counselling centre.
Drug Delivery to the Lung

What do you do to start reading drug delivery to the lung? Searching the book that you love to read first or find an interesting book that will make you want to read? Everybody has difference with their reason of reading a book. Actuary, reading habit must be from earlier. Many people may be love to read, but not a book. It's not fault. Someone will be bored to open the thick book with small words to read. In more, this is the real condition. So do happen probably with this drug delivery to the lung.
An investigation of nanoscale materials and their incorporation in patch antenna for high frequency applications

The rapid development in the polymer-based electronic contribute a strong determination for using these materials as substitute to the high-cost materials commonly used as medium substrate in the fabrication of Microstrip Patch Antenna (MPA). Antenna technology can strongly gain from the utilisation of low-cost, flexible, light weight with suitable fabrication techniques. The uniqueness of this work is the use of variety of common but unexplored different polymer materials such as Polyethylene (PE), Polypropylene (PP), Polyvinyl chloride, (PVC) Polystyrene (PS), Polystyrene fibre (PSF) as the substrates for the design and fabrication of different MPAs for communication and sensing applications in millimetre wave (MMW)region. Electrospinning (ES) technique is used to reconstruct PS and produced PSF material of low dielectric constant. A co-solvent vehicle(comprising 50:50 ratio) of Dichloromethane (DCM) and acetone was utilised with processing condition of solution infusion flow-rate of 60μL/min and an applied voltage of 12± kV yielded rigid PSF substrates. The PSF Produced has complex permittivity of 1.36±5% and a loss tangent of 2.4E-04±4.8E-04 which was measured using Spilt-Post Dielectric Resonators (SPDR) technique at National Physics Laboratory, Teddington, London. A diamond-shaped MPAs on RT Duriod material were simulated and fabricated using photo-lithography for different inner lengths to work in the frequencies range from (1-10 GHz). The resonant frequency is approximated as a function of inner length L1 in the form of a polynomial equation. The fabricated diamond-shaped MPA more compact (physical geometry) as compared with a traditional monopole antenna. This MPAs experimentally measured and have a good agreement with the simulated results. The coplanar waveguide (CPW) diamond-shaped MPA working in the MMW region was designed and fabricated with polymer materials as substrates using thermal evaporation technique and the RF measurement was carried out using Vector Network Analyser (VNA). The resonant frequencies of the CPW diamond shaped MPAs for (PE, PP, PVC, PS and PSF) were found to be 67.5 GHz, 72.36 GHz, 62.41 GHz, 63.25 GHz and 80.58 GHz, respectively. The antenna fabricated on PSF were resonating at higher frequency when compared to the other polymers materials. In adding an air-bridge to the CPW diamond-shaped MPA the resonating frequency increased from ≈ 55 GHz to≈ 62 GHz. Three different shaped nano-patch antennas (Diamond shaped, diamond shaped array and T-shaped) have been designed, simulated and fabricated on Silicon substrate with DLC deposition using focused Ion Beam (FIB) technique, these antennas were found to resonate at 1.42 THz with (-19 dB return loss), 2.42 THz with (-14 dB return loss) and 1.3 THz with (-45 dB return loss) respectively.
Head and neck pathology with clinical correlations

General Principles Cellular and Molecular Biology of the Cancer Cell Epidemiology Ethical Considerations HIB and AIDS Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsies Diseases by Anatomic Site Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses Diseases of the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses Management of Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Canver Pathology of the Nasal Cavity, Paranasal Sinus, and Nasopharynx Salivary Glands Diseases of the Salivary Glands Pathology of the Salivary Glands Larynx, Hypopharynx, Trachea Non-neoplastic Lesions of the Larynx Neoplasms of the Larynx Pathology of the Larynx, Hypopharynx, and Trachea Oral Cavity Non-neoplastic Lesions of the Oral Cavity Neoplasms of the Oral Cavity and Oropharynx Treatment of the Odontogenic Lesions Pathology of the Oral Cavity, Oropharynx, and Odontogenic Lesions Thyroid Diseases of the Thyroid Pathology of the Thyroid Gland Parathyroid Diseases of the Parathyroid Pathology of the Parathryroid Gland Ear and Temporal Lobe Non-neoplastic Lesions of the Ear Neoplasms of the Ear Pathology of the Ear and Temporal Lobe Neck Non-neoplastic Lesions of the Neck Neoplasms of the Neck Pathology of the Neck
Effect of Stefan flow on drag coefficient of reactive spherical particles in gas flow

— Particle laden ﬂows with reactive particles are common in industrial applications. Chemical reactions inside the particle or deposition at the surface can generate additional ﬂow phenomena that affect the heat, mass and momentum transfer between the particle and bulk ﬂow. This work aims at investigating the effect of Stefan ﬂow on the drag coefﬁcient of a spherical particle immersed in a uniform ﬂow. Fully resolved 3D simulations were carried out for particle Reynolds numbers based on the free stream velocity ranging from 0.5 to 3. Simulations are carried out in foam -extend CFD software, using the Immersed Boundary(IB) method for treating ﬂuid-solid interactions. The simulations were validated against data for particles without reactive ﬂow, and against the analytical solution for Stefan ﬂow around a particle in a quiescent ﬂuid. We found that in the considered range of Reynolds number the drag coefﬁcient decreases linearly with in increase in Stefan ﬂow velocity.
Red book : pharmacy's fundamental reference

Red Book 2010 includes the latest pricing and product information for more than 100,000 prescription and over-the-counter items to help pharmacists keep their practice efficient and current, as well as support their growing role in patient counseling. This edition includes more than 20,000 price updates from the previous year and over 7,000 new listings. It also provides helpful information on practice management, manufacturer and wholesalers, poison antidotes, drug interactions, dosing instructions in Spanish, and more.
Speckle-based compressive target recognition and reconstruction through scattering media

Scattering media would scratch light propagation, and images would degenerate into unrecognizable speckle patterns. Conventional target recognition through scattering media is composed of two steps, i.e., reconstruction and recognition. Here, combining the compressive sensing with feature extraction, a method of efficient speckle based compressive target recognition through scattering media is proposed. In the paper, autocorrelation of speckles is proved to have the same singular values as that of their corresponding objects, and then speckle based recognition is introduced. Compressive sensing can be used to retrieve signals with measurements fewer than those required by Nyquist-Shannon theory. With the proposed method, scattered object recognition can be replaced with speckle recognition, bypassing the conventional object reconstruction procedure. Performances are validated through relevant experiments. Besides, benefited from the conclusion, domain adaption based support vector regression method is proposed and utilized for imaging through scattering media then. Domain adaption is introduced to transfer leaning samples and testing samples into a new space where the distance between them is much closer, leading to high reconstruction fidelity in the followed support vector regression based inverse scattering stage. Principle component analysis is also considered to help decrease dimension and thus improving efficiency. Experiments validate that the presented technique owns a higher image reconstruction efficiency and fidelity, compared with our previous researches. Since the target recognition and reconstruction is mainly based on ground truth images, the work is valuable and meaningful for remote sensing applications, especially for object detection or monitoring when scattering is occurred.
Concentric Circular Ring Loaded Triple Band Antenna for Wireless Applications

The article presents the design of the concentric circular ring antenna is designed for wireless application like WLAN, Bluetooth, ISM and WiMAX applications. The antenna provides the triple band characteristics frequencies ranging from2.2-3.6 GHz with impedance bandwidth of 48% at the first band,4.3-4.6 GHz with impedance bandwidth of 9% at second operating frequency and third band ranging from 5.2-5.7 GHz with impedance bandwidth of 10% is observed. The antenna provides the bidirectional and omni directional radiation patterns. The antenna provides the peak gain of 2.05 at 2.9 GHz,3.9dBi at 4.3 GHz and 3.5 dBi at 5.4 GHz at three resonating frequency. The radiation efficiency at the three resonating bands is 96% at 2.05 GHz,93% at 4.3GHz and 86% at 5.4 GHz. The frequency reconfigurable properties are observed.
How could top-down and bottom-up approaches be used to explain recruitment and recognition of commercial bank staff in Barbados, from 1997 to present?

Top-down and bottom-up approaches for trade union organising have become popular debates in industrial relations and critical considerations for unions hoping for a renewed status. This study investigated recruitment and recognition of white-collar workers in commercial banks in Barbados during the period 1997 to present in terms of centralised/top-down and workplace/bottom-up union approaches. Case study design was used to examine this phenomenon in five commercial banks by conducting 32 faceto-face interviews with shop stewards, union officials and bank managers involved in the recruitment and recognition processes. Five focus groups were held with shop stewards and documents and archival information were also used. This thesis shows that the Barbados Workers’ Union had initially used a top-down approach to gain recognition in the commercial banks but was initially unsuccessful; however, organisational contexts such as restructuring/reorganising, mergers/acquisitions and a lack of grievance resolution resulted in employee grievances. These grievances included job security, pay equity, and a need for grievance resolution procedure and employee voice which were used by the rank-and-file activists in their bottom-up mobilisation. Evidence from the study showed that the top-down approach was supported by the bottom-up approach once the grievances were framed by activists at the workplace. The findings have shown that when management’s actions create conditions conducive to mobilisation and grievances result which are common to most staff, mobilisation is likely once rank-and-file activists are willing to agitate for unionisation. Further, that once this bottom-up approach supports the top-down approach in a multidimensional way that top-down and bottom-up could contribute to successful recruitment and recognition campaigns. Evidence from this research suggests that rank-and-file mobilisation should be considered along with top-down strategies to increase the chance of recognition. The study contributes to research on top-down and bottom-up approaches and particularly to understanding the workplace dimensions for mobilisation.
Low-T anneal as cure for LeTID in Mc-Si PERC cells

Light and elevated temperature induced degradation (LeTID) is known to be affected by the last dark anneal that the silicon wafers or cells experience prior to illumination. Here we study how low-temperature dark anneal performed on fully processed multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) passivated emitter and rear solar cells (PERC) influences LeTID characteristics, both the intensity of the degradation and the degradation kinetics. Our results show that a relatively long anneal at 300°C provides an efficient means to minimize LeTID while too short dark anneal at the same temperature seems to have a negative impact on the subsequent degradation under light soaking. Finally, we compare the experimental results with the model originally developed for metal precipitation and discuss the possibility of metals being involved in LeTID mechanism.Light and elevated temperature induced degradation (LeTID) is known to be affected by the last dark anneal that the silicon wafers or cells experience prior to illumination. Here we study how low-temperature dark anneal performed on fully processed multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) passivated emitter and rear solar cells (PERC) influences LeTID characteristics, both the intensity of the degradation and the degradation kinetics. Our results show that a relatively long anneal at 300°C provides an efficient means to minimize LeTID while too short dark anneal at the same temperature seems to have a negative impact on the subsequent degradation under light soaking. Finally, we compare the experimental results with the model originally developed for metal precipitation and discuss the possibility of metals being involved in LeTID mechanism.