Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulating High Frequency Trading: A Micro-Level Analysis of Spatial Behavior, Optimal Choices, and Pareto-Efficiency in High Speed Markets

The present paper considers the issue of High Frequency Trading (HFT) regulation. Rather than discussing macro-level effects of HFT that are still under debate (Sornette & Von der Becke, 2011) its analysis focuses on the issue of regulation from the perspective of HFT firms. Assuming that HFT generates benefits to firms by allowing them to trade at lower latencies than their competitors, binary choices of HFT investments yield Pareto-inefficient allocations if physical limits to latency reduction are taken into account. Adjustments in the payoff structure of the assumed model show that regulation can minimize negative externalities if the legislator is able to differentiate between market participants and their HFT strategies. The results of the alternated model indicate that legislators should be concerned about negative externalities of certain types of HFT firm behavior rather than about HFT itself. The transparency proposals of MifID II hence promise to serve as a finer tuned instrument for regulating HFT than a general financial transaction tax.
ABERRANT EXPRESION OF TAL-1 INCREASES RESISTANCE TO APOPTOSIS IN T-CELL ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE MASTER OF SCIENCE BY GAVIN

THESIS: Aberrant Expression of TAL-1 Increases Resistance to Apoptosis in T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. STUDENT: Gavin U. Needler DEGREE: Master of Science COLLEGE: Science and Humanities DATE: May, 2012 PAGES: 82 T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a lymphoid disorder that results from an over proliferation of immature lymphocytes in the blood and bone marrow. It has been determined that 60% of patients stricken with T-ALL aberrantly express TAL-1 and have been shown to respond poorly to chemotherapy. This research sought to determine if TAL-1 influences the expression of the Bcl-2 family members Bcl-2 (antiapoptotic), Bad and Bax (pro-apoptotic). TAL-1 and Bcl-2 levels were elevated while Bad and Bax levels were lower in etoposide-treated Jurkat cells as compared to TRAILtreated and dual-treated Jurkat cells in which TAL-1 and Bcl-2 levels were lower while Bad and Bax levels were elevated. These results suggest TAL-1 up-regulates Bcl-2 and suppress Bad and Bax expression in response to etoposide treatment, thus inducing an anti-apoptotic response in the cell. These results also suggest that TRAIL and the dual treatment of etoposide and TRAIL down-regulates TAL-1 and Bcl-2 expression while up-regulating Bad and Bax, thus inducing a pro-apoptotic response in the cell.
New Ranks for Even-Order Tensors and Their Applications in Low-Rank Tensor Optimization

In this paper, we propose three new notions of (even-order) tensor ranks, to be called the M-rank, the symmetric M-rank, and the strongly symmetric M-rank. We discuss the bounds between these new tensor ranks and the CP(CANDECOMP/PARAFAC)-rank and the symmetric CP-rank of an even-order tensor. In particular, we show: (1) these newly defined ranks actually coincide with each other if the even-order tensor in question is super-symmetric; (2) the CP-rank and symmetric CP-rank for a fourth-order tensor can be both lower and upper bounded (up to a constant factor) by the corresponding M-rank, and the bounds are tight for asymmetric tensors. In addition, we manage to identify a class of tensors whose CP-rank can be easily determined, and the CP-rank of the tensor equals the M-rank but is strictly larger than the Tucker rank. Since the M-rank is much easier to compute than the CP-rank, we propose to replace the CP-rank by the M-rank in the low-CP-rank tensor recovery model. Numerical results suggest that when the CP-rank is not very small our method outperforms the low-n-rank approach which is a currently popular model in low-rank tensor recovery. This shows that the M-rank is indeed an effective and easily computable approximation of the CP-rank.
SISTEMAS CONEXIONISTAS EVOLUTIVOS

The aim of this study is to introduce the concept of evolving connectionist systems (ECOS) and to suggest a framework for adaptive processes modeling. The outlined approaches are online neural models constructed from data streams. Basically, ECOS accommodate the possible new knowledge contained in the data in their structures and parameters using one-pass non-recursive incremental learning algorithms. ECOS applications extend to classification, regression, prediction and control problems in continuously changing environments. Their main characteristics include continuous learning, self-organization and adaptation to unknown environments. To illustrate the effectiveness of the modeling approach, the paper considers two types of ECOS, namely evolving Multi-Layer Perceptron (eMLP) and evolving Self-Organizing Map (eSOM), for solving a real electrical machines fault diagnosis problem. Keywords— Evolving Systems, Neural Networks, Pattern Recognition. Resumo— O objetivo deste estudo é introduzir o conceito de sistemas conexionistas evolutivos (ECOS) e sugerir abordagens para a modelagem de processos que demandam adaptabilidade incremental. ECOS são modelos neurais on-line constrúıdos a partir de fluxos de dados. Basicamente, eles acomodam o possivel novo conhecimento contido nos dados em suas estruturas e parâmetros usando algoritmos de aprendizado incrementais, não-recursivos e de um passo. As aplicações de ECOS se estendem a problemas de classificação, regressão, predição e controle em ambientes sempre em mudança. Suas caracteŕısticas principais incluem aprendizado cont́ınuo, autoorganização e adaptação a ambientes desconhecidos. Para ilustrar a efetividade da abordagem, o artigo considera dois tipos de ECOS, Perceptron Multi-Camadas evolutivo (eMLP) e Mapa Auto-Organizável evolutivo (eSOM), para resolução de um problema real de diagnóstico de falta em máquinas elétricas. Keywords— Sistemas Evolutivos, Redes Neurais, Classificação de Padrões.
Effects of fi sh oil on cell proliferation and liver injury in an experimental model of acute hepatic injury induced by carbon tetrachloride

Objective: We aimed to investigate the effect of fi sh oil on the hepatic injury and cell cycle phases as well as cellular proliferationregeneration in a rat model of acute hepatic injury induced by carbon tetrachloride. Background: Compensatory cell proliferation and tissue regeneration occurs as an endogenous response following chemical damage to the liver and enable animals to over come the injury. Data related to effect of fi sh oil on liver injury induced by chemical hepatotoxicants are controversial. Method: 60 male Wistar-albino rats were fed either with a diet supplemented with 20% fi sh oil or standard rat feed for 2 weeks. After an overnight fast, rats in each group were administered either 1 ml/kg carbon tetrachloride or saline intraperitoneally. Results: Fish oil enriched diet signifi cantly enhanced the carbon tetrachloride associated necroinfl ammatory damage, ballooning degeneration and the elevation of serum transaminases induced by carbon tetrachloride. Furthermore fi sh oil diet prevented cell proliferation, increased the proportion of cells in the G0/G1phase concomitant with a decrease in the proportion of cells in the S phase cells. Conclusion: Fish oil diet exacerbates the hepatic injury and prevents cell proliferation-regeneration in normal and injured liver cells. Suppression of tissue regeneration by fi sh oil may lead to progression of the hepatic injury (Tab. 3, Fig. 4, Ref. 31). Text in PDF www.elis. sk.
Raman spectroscopy of shear and layer breathing modes in multilayer MoS2

We study by Raman scattering the shear and layer breathing modes in multilayer MoS2. These are identified by polarization measurements and symmetry analysis. Their positions change significantly with the number of layers, with different scaling for odd and even layers. A chain model can explain the results, with general applicability to any layered material, allowing a reliable diagnostic of their thickness. © 2013 American Physical Society.
Recurrent Neural Network based Prediction of Software Effort

The enormous efforts of software systems and unexpected efforts in the late phases of software development in software engineering field led to using methods to estimate software effort at early stages of software preparing phases. Therefore, the question remains how can develop an estimation method to be more accurate and gives a prediction for future software efforts. This paper presents a proposed method for software effort prediction, to enhance software effort estimation phase. The proposed method utilizes feed-forward neural network in recurrent fashion to make a prediction and adapt to handle with varying software types in software engineering. The proposed method (RFFNN) used to enhance the results of ordinary software effort estimation methods, RFFNN gives more efficient results by making a prediction for future software efforts.
The Trabecula cranii: development and homology of an enigmatic vertebrate head structure

The vertebrate cranium consists of three parts: neuro-, viscero- and dermatocranium, which differ in both developmental and phylogenetic origin. Traditionally, developmental origin has been used as a criterion for homology, but this becomes problematic when skull elements such as the parietal bone are now shown, by modern fate-mapping studies, to have different developmental origins in different groups of tetrapods. This indicates a flexibility of developmental programmes and regulatory pathways which has probably been very important in cranial evolution. The trabecula cranii is an intriguing cranial element in the anterior cranial base in vertebrates. It forms a viscerocranial part of the neurocranium and is believed to be neural crest-derived in gnathostomes, but a similarly named structure in lampreys has been shown to have a mesodermal origin. Topographically, this trabecula seems to be homologous to the gnathostome trabecula cranii, and might also have the same function: to form a border between adjacent morphogenetic domains, to constrain and redirect growth of both brain and stomodeum and thus to refine developmental schedules of both. We suggest that such a border zone can recruit cells from either the mesoderm (as in the lamprey) or from the neural crest (as in the gnathostomes investigated), and still retain its homology. In our view, the trabecula is an interface element that integrates the respective divergent morphogenetics programs of the preotic head into a balanced unit; we suggest that such a definition can be used to define "the sameness" of this element throughout vertebrates.
Immunoresolving Lipid Mediators and Resolution of Inflammation in Aging

Unresolved inflammation is associated with several widely recurrent aging-associated diseases such as arthritis, periodontitis, metabolic disorders, atherosclerosis, and neurodegeneration. Endogenous mechanisms that curtail excessive inflammation and prompt its timely resolution are of considerable interest. In recent years, previously unrecognized chemical mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids were identified as endogenous specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPM) that control both the magnitude and duration of acute inflammation and activate resolution. Lipoxins (LX), resolvins (Rv), protectins (PD), and maresins (Mar) are possess distinct chemical structures, bind to specific G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) in a stereospecific manner, and regulate biological pathways to promote resolution in several pre-clinical experimental settings of age-related inflammatory diseases. This review highlights the biosynthesis of SPM and cellular mechanisms that underscore their beneficial bioactions in the regulation of acute inflammation in age-related diseases. The elucidation of these mechanisms operating in vivo to keep acute inflammation under physiologic boundaries and stimulate resolution opened many new opportunities in resolution pharmacology to target aging-associated chronic inflammatory pathologies.
Multiple scattering of high-frequency seismic waves in the deep Earth: PKP precursor analysis and inversion for mantle granularity

mantle scattering models reproduce with reasonable accuracy the time dependence of precursors, in agreement with previous findings. Exponential correlations predict a spatial rate of decay of the precursor amplitude which is much faster than observed. Thus we are led to propose a new model of mantle heterogeneity, richer in small-scale than exponential media, that fits uniformly the data. An analytic form of the correlation function and power spectrum of our new model is given explicitly. It is shown that the precise length scale of heterogeneities is fundamentally unresolvable because of the limited range of observations. The perturbations in P wave velocities required to fit the data are only of order 0.1–0.2%, which is more than 1 order of magnitude less than found in previous studies. INDEX TERMS: 7203 Seismology: Body wave propagation; 7207 Seismology: Core and mantle; 7260 Seismology: Theory and modeling; KEYWORDS: multiple scattering, radiative transfer, heterogeneity, power spectrum, lower mantle, D 00 layer
Chemical ecology of predator – prey interactions in aquatic ecosystems : a review and prospectus 1

The interaction between predator and prey is an evolutionary arms race, for which early detection by either party is often the key to success. In aquatic ecosystems, olfaction is an essential source of information for many prey and predators and a number of cues have been shown to play a key role in trait-mediated indirect interactions in aquatic communities. Here, we review the nature and role of predator kairomones, chemical alarm cues, disturbance cues, and diet cues on the behaviour, morphology, life history, and survival of aquatic prey, focusing primarily on the discoveries from the last decade. Many advances in the field have been accomplished: testing the survival value of those chemicals, providing field validation of laboratory results, understanding the extent to which chemically mediated learning may benefit the prey, understanding the role of these chemicals in mediating morphological and life-history adaptations, and most importantly, the selection pressures leading to the evolution of chemical alarm cues. Although considerable advances have been made, several key questions remain, the most urgent of which is to understand the chemistry behind these interactions. Résumé : L’interaction entre les prédateurs et les proies constitue une course aux armements dans laquelle la détection précoce par l’un ou l’autre des protagonistes est souvent la clé du succès. Dans les systèmes aquatiques, l’olfaction est souvent une source essentielle de renseignements pour les proies et prédateurs et nous savons que de nombreux signaux jouent un rôle essentiel dans les interactions indirectes, par l’intermédiaire des traits biologiques dans les communautés aquatiques. Nous faisons ici une rétrospective de la nature et du rôle des kairomones, des signaux chimiques d’alerte, des signaux de perturbations et des signaux alimentaires sur le comportement, la morphologie, le cycle biologique et la survie des proies aquatiques, avec une attention particulière pour les découvertes de la dernière décennie. Il y a eu beaucoup de progrès dans le domaine : des tests de la valeur de survie de ces substances chimiques, la validation en nature des résultats de laboratoire, la détermination de l’importance du bénéfice pour la proie des connaissances associées aux signaux chimiques, l’évaluation du rôle de ces produits chimiques dans le contrôle des adaptations de la morphologie et du cycle biologique et surtout l’étude des pressions de sélection menant à l’évolution des signaux chimiques d’alerte. Malgré les progrès considérables accomplis, il reste plusieurs questions importantes à élucider, la plus urgente étant la compréhension des bases chimiques de ces interactions. [Traduit par la Rédaction]
Electronic transport in field-effect transistors of sexithiophene

The electronic conduction of thin-film field-effect-transistors (FETs) of sexithiophene was studied. In most cases the transfer curves deviate from standard FET theory; they are not linear, but follow a power law instead. These results are compared to conduction models of “variable-range hopping” and “multi-trap-and-release”. The accompanying IV curves follow a Poole-Frenkel (exponential) dependence on the drain voltage. The results are explained assuming a huge density of traps. Below 200 K, the activation energy for conduction was found to be ca. 0.17 eV. The activation energies of the mobility follow the Meyer-Neldel rule. A sharp transition is seen in the behavior of the devices at around 200 K. The difference in behavior of a micro-FET and a submicron FET is shown.
Oligonucleotide primers used for the amplification of PCR products for IFN expression Primer Sequences 1 SPMFα GGT ACC ATG AGA TTT TTT ACT CCT TCA

Interferon is a protein secreted by eucaryotic cells following stimulation by viruses, bacteria, and many other immunogenes. Recent medical studies indicate that interferons have effective role in the treatment of virus infections, immunodeficiency and certain types of cancer such as hairy cell leukaemia (HCL). The aim of the present study is to apply yeast strain for secreting human IFNα2b following the use of yeast mating α factor signal peptide. On the other hand, cloning of IFNα2b gene without signal peptide and with non homologous signal peptide from Aspergillus was carried out as controls for comparison. First, human IFNα2b gene was amplified using mating α factor signal peptide codons and the first 20 bases of IFNα2b gene as a forward primer. This amplicon (700 bp) was cloned in pYZ4 vector and after using suitable restriction sites, the cleaved fragment was cloned in plasmid pYES2 as expression vector and named pPMSHβ2. Since the original construct of IFNα2b contained one of the Aspergillus signal peptides and flanked with Sal І and Eco RI sites, this gene (900 bp) was isolated and cloned in plasmid pET24d as an intermediate after using suitable sites. This insert was cleaved then cloned in pYES2 vector as pPMSHαB2. Also to construct IFNα2b without signal peptide, primers were designed to exclude the Aspergillus signal peptide from the original IFNα2b gene and the amplicon (500 bp) was cloned in plasmid pET23a then in pUC18 and finally in plasmid pYES2 and named as pPMSH2. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (INVSC1) was transformed with these three mentioned constructs and for interferon gene expression, galactose was used as an inducer. Primary results of western blotting analysis showed that IFNα2b gene with α factor signal peptide was produced inside the pPMSHβ2 transformed yeast cells. The Use of α Factor signal peptide is convenient for expressing the IFNα2b gene in yeast. Studies on growth condition optimization and IFN secretion are under consideration and application.
A Study of Integrate Framework and Research Environment Concerning Mandarin Chinese Full Text Information Retrieval

Full text information retrieval (IR) becomes the focus of interest in the area of interdisciplinary study. This paper attempts to clarity some basic questions concerning the full text information retrieval as well as the scope of theory and related research. Concerning Mandarin Chinese IR is facing more basic difficulties than English IR because of research lag and language nature. Lack of an objective test collection for IR experiments is the fundamental issue for Mandarin Chinese IR. In this paper, based on the experience of test collection construction, we develop some criteria as research guidelines for corpus selection, document classification and indexing, query design and relevance judgment. Finally, we propose a design of fundamental research environment including seven modules. There are test collection, full text database management system, automatic indexing, query processing interface, search engine, performance evaluation, and relevance feedback. Keyword : Research Framework : Full Text Information Retrieval : Information seeking behavior : Relevance : Information Needs : Test Collection
Stochastic dissipative quantum spin chains (I) : Quantum fluctuating discrete hydrodynamics

Motivated by the search for a quantum analogue of the macroscopic fluctuation theory, we study quantum spin chains dissipatively coupled to quantum noise. The dynamical processes are encoded in quantum stochastic differential equations. They induce dissipative friction on the spin chain currents. We show that, as the friction becomes stronger, the noise induced dissipative effects localize the spin chain states on a slow mode manifold, and we determine the effective stochastic quantum dynamics of these slow modes. We illustrate this approach by studying the quantum stochastic Heisenberg spin chain.
Learning to Play Soccer with the SimpleSoccer Robot Soccer Simulator

The RoboCup simulated soccer league (RoboCupSoccer) is an important and useful tool for multi-agent and machine learning research which provides a distributed, multi-agent environment in which agents have an incomplete and uncertain world view (Kitano et al., 1995; Kitano et al., 1997). The RoboCupSoccer state-space is extremely large, and the agent perception and action cycles in the RoboCupSoccer environment are asynchronous, sometimes resulting in long and unpredictable delays in the completion of actions in response to some stimuli. The large state-space, the inherent delays, and the uncertain and incomplete world view of the agents can increase the learning cycle of some machine learning techniques onerously. There is a large body of work in the area of the application of machine learning techniques to the challenges of RoboCupSoccer (e.g. Luke, 1998a; Luke, 1998b; Ciesielski & Wilson, 1999; Stone & Veloso, 1999; Uchibe, 1999; Ciesielski & Lai, 2001; Ciesielski et al., 2001; Riedmiller et al., 2001; Stone & Sutton, 2001; Bajurnow & Ciesielski, 2004; Riley & Ciesielski, 2004; Lima et al., 2005; Riedmiller et al., 2005; Riley, 2005), but because the RoboCupSoccer environment is so large, complex and unpredictable, the extent to which such techniques can meet these challenges is not certain. More progress could be made more quickly if the complexity and uncertainty could be reduced: while tactics may differ due to uncertainty in the environment, high-level strategies learned in a less complex and more certain environment should transfer directly to a more complex and less certain environment. SimpleSoccer1 (Riley, 2003) was developed as an environment that reduces complexity and uncertainty sufficiently to increase the viability of machine learning techniques, yet retains sufficient complexity and dynamics to allow learning from SimpleSoccer to be directly transferrable to the RoboCupSoccer environment.
A Hybrid Approach for Thread Recommendation in MOOC Forums

 Abstract — Recommender Systems have been developed to provide contents and services compatible to users based on their behaviors and interests. Due to information overload in online discussion forums and users diverse interests, recommending relative topics and threads is considered to be helpful for improving the ease of forum usage. In order to lead learners to find relevant information in educational forums, recommendations are even more needed. We present a hybrid thread recommender system for MOOC forums by applying social network analysis and association rule mining techniques. Initial results indicate that the proposed recommender system performs comparatively well with regard to limited available data from users' previous posts in the forum.