Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical experience with insulin detemir, biphasic insulin aspart and insulin aspart in people with type 2 diabetes: Results from the Tamil Nadu cohort of the A1chieve study

Background: The A1chieve, a multicentric (28 countries), 24-week, non-interventional study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of insulin detemir, biphasic insulin aspart and insulin aspart in people with T2DM (n = 66,726) in routine clinical care across four continents. Materials and Methods: Data was collected at baseline, at 12 weeks and at 24 weeks. This short communication presents the results for patients enrolled from Tamil Nadu, India. Results: A total of 2221 patients were enrolled in the study. Four different insulin analogue regimens were used in the study. Patients had started on or were switched to biphasic insulin aspart (n = 1707), insulin detemir (n = 270), insulin aspart (n = 85), basal insulin plus insulin aspart (n = 79) and other insulin combinations (n = 80). At baseline glycaemic control was poor for both insulin naïve (mean HbA1c: 9.2%) and insulin user (mean HbA1c: 9.2%) groups. After 24 weeks of treatment, both the groups showed improvement in HbA1c (insulin naïve: −1.7%, insulin users: −1.7%). SADRs including major hypoglycaemic events did not occur in any of the study patients. Conclusion: Starting or switching to insulin analogues was associated with improvement in glycaemic control with a low rate of hypoglycaemia.
In vivo evaluation of the interaction between titanium dioxide nanoparticle and rat liver DNA

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are massively produced and widely used in daily life, which may pose potential risk to human health via uncharacterized interaction between DNAs. This research aims to examine the interaction between DNA and three types of TiO2 NPs of different sizes and crystallines. The interaction between TiO2 NPs and liver DNA molecules obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats was systematically evaluated in vivo using atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, various spectroscopic techniques and gel electrophoresis. We found that TiO2 NPs (diameter <25 nm and <100 nm) in anatase crystalline can covalently interact with liver DNA by either inserting itself in between DNA base pairs or binding to DNA nucleotide via P–O–Ti–O bond. Such interaction may not be NP size-dependent but may be crystalline phase-dependent, because such interaction did not occur in rutile crystal phase, in which the DNA damage was potentially caused by reactive oxygen species.
Modelling and optimization of on-chip spiral inductor in S-parameter domain

This work presents a methodology for optimizing the layout of on-chip spiral inductors using structural parameters and design frequency in a response surface method. The proposed method uses scattering parameters (S-parameter) to express inductor characteristics, and hence is independent of spiral geometries and equivalent circuit models. The procedure of inductor optimization is described, and a design example is presented.
Management accounting handbook

Introduction, Drury management accounting: evolution in progress, Bhimani and Bromwich a review of activity-based costing practice, Innes and Mitchell the basics of activity-based management, Brimson activity-based cost management, Bellis-Jones strategic management accounting, Bromwich accounting for marketing strategies, Ward the case for brand value budgeting, Guilding and Moorhouse linking performance measures and competitive strategies in service business: three case studies, Brignall, Fitzgerald, Johnston and Silvestro management accounting in retail organizations, Coulthurst management accounting in local government, Pendlebury capital budgeting Neale and Pike successfully evaluating and controlling investments in advanced manufacturing technology, Motteram and Sizer modelling fair transfer prices where no market guidelines exist, Tomkins and McAulay surveys of management accounting practice, Drury and Dugdale.
Identification and Characterization of Heparin Binding Regions of the Fim2 Subunit of Bordetella pertussis

ABSTRACT Bordetella pertussis fimbriae bind to sulfated sugars such as heparin through the major subunit Fim2. The Fim2 subunit contains two regions, designated H1 and H2, which show sequence similarity with heparin binding regions of fibronectin, and the role of these regions in heparin binding was investigated with maltose binding protein (MBP)-Fim2 fusion proteins. Deletion derivatives of MBP-Fim2 showed that both regions are important for binding to heparin. The role of H2 in heparin binding was confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis in which basic amino acids were replaced by alanine. These studies revealed that Lys-186 and Lys-187 are important for heparin binding of MBP-Fim2, whereas Arg-179 is not required. Peptides derived from H1 and H2 (pepH1 and pepH2) also showed heparin binding activity. Using a series of peptides, in each of which a different basic amino acid was substituted for alanine, we demonstrated that the structural requirements for heparin binding differ significantly among pepH1 and pepH2 peptides. A Pepscan analysis of Fim2 revealed regions outside H1 and H2 which bind heparin and showed that not only basic amino acids but also tyrosines may be important for binding to sulfated sugars. A comparison of the heparin binding regions of Fim2 with homologous regions of Fim3 and FimX, two closely related but antigenically distinct fimbrial subunits, showed that basic amino acids and tyrosines are generally conserved. The major heparin binding regions identified in Fim2 are part of epitopes recognized by human antibodies, suggesting that the heparin binding regions are exposed at the fimbrial surface and are immunodominant. Since B. pertussis fimbriae show weak serological cross-reactivity, the differences in primary structure in the heparin binding regions of Fim2, Fim3, and FimX may affect antibody binding but not heparin binding, allowing the bacteria to evade antibody-mediated immunity by switching the fimbrial gene expressed.
Public-Private Mixed Enterprises: The Canadian Example

Canadian public-private mixed enterprises are examined in relation to two objectives the government may pursue: the provision of risk capital and the coordination of the technological development of an industry. There may be a role for a government in co-ordinating plans of an industry by participating in the decisions of mixed enterprises although problems could arise regarding the unanimity of public and private interests. Canadian mixed enterprises have earned a rate of return to shareholders' equity that may not be sufficient to satisfy private interests.
Changing the Energy System towards Renewable Energy Self-Sufficiency—Towards a multi-perspective and Interdisciplinary Framework

The transformation of the present energy system into a sustainable one is discussed worldwide. This is also mirrored in a vivid debate in the scientific literature [1–3]. Self-sufficiency attained with the help of electricity, heat, and fuel from renewable energy (RE) in combination with energy saving is seen as one way to establish a sustainable energy system, e.g., [4,5]. Many communities and regions in different countries are facing the challenge of such a transformation of their energy system, and have taken up the objective of achieving energy self-sufficiency through the use of renewables [4,6–8]. [. ]
Scalable analysis and visualization of high-dimensional astronomical data sets

High-dimensional data visualization is receiving increasing interest because of the growing abundance of high-dimensional datasets. To understand such datasets, visualization of the structures present in the data, such as clusters, can be an invaluable tool. Structures may be present in the full high-dimensional space, as well as in its subspaces. Two widely used methods to visualize high-dimensional data are the scatter plot matrix (SPM) and the parallel coordinate plot (PCP). SPM allows a quick overview of the structures present in pair-wise combinations of dimensions. On the other hand, PCP has the potential to visualize not only bi-dimensional structures but also higher dimensional ones. A problem with SPM is that it suffers from crowding and clutter which makes interpretation hard. Approaches to reduce clutter are available in the literature, based on changing the order of the dimensions. However, usually this reordering has a high computational complexity. For effective visualization of high-dimensional structures, also PCP requires a proper ordering of the dimensions. In this chapter, we propose methods for reordering dimensions in PCP in such a way that high-dimensional structures (if present) become easier to perceive. We also present a method for dimension reordering in SPM which yields results that are comparable to those of existing approaches, but at a much lower computational cost. Our approach is based on finding relevant subspaces for clustering using a quality criterion and cluster information. The quality computation and cluster detection are done in image space, using connected morphological operators. We demonstrate the potential of our approach for synthetic and astronomical datasets, and show that our method compares favorably with a number of existing approaches.
Pengaruh Manajemen Laba Terhadap retun Saham pada Perusahaan yang Diaudit KAP Big 5 dan KAP Non Big 5

This study examines whether a relation exists between audit quality and earnings management. Accrual based earnings is considered superior to cash flows. Accruals let managers communicate their private and inside information and thereby improve the ability of earnings to reflect underlying economic value. Auditing plays an important role in mitigating these agency costs by constraining opportunistic management of accruals. Earnings management is proxied by discretionary accruals which are estimated using cross-sectional version of Jones (1991) model. The findings of this study indicate that the effect of earnings management on stock returns is greater for firms audited by Big 5 auditors than audited by non-Big 5 auditors.
Childhood overweight and obesity – identifying early risk factors

Background: The incidence of childhood obesity is increasing. Many children become obese during preschool years and stay obese, with lifelong health consequences, such as impaired insulin sensitivity. There is growing evidence that factors during intrauterine life and infancy influence the risk of developing obesity. The aim was to describe early factors in infancy related to childhood obesity. Research questions: Is waist circumference an auxological variable to be used in early childhood and is this variable related to early metabolic markers? Can biomarkers of bone and nutrition during infancy predict the development of childhood obesity and insulin resistance? How is the gut microbiota established during infancy and influenced by nutrition? Is any gut microbiota pattern during infancy associated with subsequent weight gain or the development of childhood obesity?
Exploring How Peer Communities Enable Lead User Innovations to Become Standard Equipment in the Industry: Community Pull Effects

Literature on new product development indicates that on average around 40% of new products fail across different industries (e.g., Crawford, 1977; Crawford and Di Benedetto, 2008). Out of those that survive only few become widely accepted standard equipment in the industry (Utterback, 1996). Literature on entrepreneurship (e.g., Baron and Shane, 2008) and on innovation (e.g., Christensen, 1997) shows that such innovations often originate outside the boundaries of established firms. However, it is difficult to understand and analyze the exact source of such innovations and the entrepreneurial processes by which they are developed. It is therefore the aim of this study to shed light on how innovations become widely accepted by large segments of the market and specifically which demand-side forces are at work. An approach suitable for pursuing this objective is to focus on those individuals who are on the leading edge with respect to an important market trend (lead users) and their respective peer communities. As little knowledge is available, an explorative case study design is applied, working with cases from two different industries, specifically the medical equipment and sporting equipment industry. A longitudinal research design is used, extracting data from multiple respondents and various other sources such as reports, publications, databases, or community web pages. The research framework takes a process perspective by following the entrepreneurial processes from invention to commercialization and diffusion. In this process, micro-level variables at the individual and group level are analyzed as well as the barriers to be overcome by the individual innovator and the community. The findings show that communities play a central and active role in the entrepreneurial process. Community members provide valuable feedback on the overall potential of the lead users' ideas, participate by making concrete development contributions, acting as testers of the new products, and finally helping to diffuse the innovations inside and outside the community. We identify two pull effects on the part of the community: first, community members demand and facilitate the development of prototypes; and second, community members help to cross the chasm between first adopters and the early majority. This paper has various implications for entrepreneurship and innovation research. For entrepreneurship, this article points out peer communities as a specific kind of social network that plays a crucial role in entrepreneurial processes. For innovation research, this article emphasizes the interaction between lead users and their peer communities in the process of developing the next dominant product design.
Efficacy of Sacral Nerve Stimulation for Fecal Incontinence: Results of a Multicenter Double-Blind Crossover Study

Background and Aims:This is the first double-blind multicenter study examining the effectiveness of sacral nerve stimulation in a significant number of fecally incontinent patients. Methods:A total of 34 consecutive patients (31 women), median age 57 years (range, 33–73 years), underwent sacral nerve stimulation for fecal incontinence. After implantation, 27 of 34 patients were randomized in a double-blind crossover design to stimulation ON or OFF for 1-month periods. While still blinded, the patients chose the period of stimulation (ON or OFF) that they had preferred. The mode of stimulation corresponding to the selected period was continued for 3 months (final period). Outcome measures were frequency of fecal incontinence and urgency episodes, delay in postponing defecation, score severity, feeling of improvement, preference for ON or OFF, quality of life, and manometric measurements. Results:In the crossover portion of the study, the self-reported frequency of fecal incontinence episodes was significantly reduced during the ON versus the OFF period (P = 0.03), and this symptomatic improvement was consistent: 1) with the patients feeling of greater improvement during the ON versus OFF period (P = 0.02); 2) with the significant preference of patients (P = 0.02) for the ON versus OFF period. In the final period of the study, the frequency of fecal incontinence episodes decreased significantly (P = 0.005) in patients with the stimulator ON. The ability to postpone defecation (P = 0.01), the score for symptom severity (P = 0.0004), and the quality of life (P < 0.05) as well as anal sphincter function significantly improved. Conclusions:The significant improvement in FI during the ON versus OFF period indicated that the clinical benefit of sacral nerve stimulation was not due to placebo.
Effect of Diane-35 on Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome of Different Subtypes

Objective: To explore the effect of Daine-35 on serum hormone and antral follicle count of different subtypes of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Methods: 138 cases of PCOS were recruited and typed according to Rotterdam diagnostic criteria; 78 cases of tubal infertility without hyperandrogenism and menstrual disorders during the same period were collected as control. Serum reproductive hormones including follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteotropic hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), estradiol (E2), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEAS), total testosterone (TT) and fast insulin (INS) were determined by chemiluminescent immunoassay. Ovarian antral follicle count was determined by ultrasonography. The effects on above indexes were evaluated for different subtypes of PCOS after 3 cycles of treatment with Daine-35. Results: The cases of Type A and Type B were respectively 43 (31.2%) and 73 (52.9%). They were the most common clinical phenotypes of PCOS in the central region ofChina. Total testosterone (TT) and DHEAS levels of Types A, C and D were higher than those of the control group (p 0.05). The serum LH and LH/FSH as well as the antral follicle count of all the PCOS types significantly decreased (p
Review paper on Feature Extraction Methods for EEG Signal Analysis

The main aim of Brain Computer interface is to effectively classify Electroencephalogram (EEG). EEG signals are used to extract correct information from brain and classify with different mental tasks. This paper compares different feature extraction methods such as wavelet transform, Independent component analysis, Principal component analysis, Autoregressive model and Empirical mode decomposition. Feature represents distinguishing property and significant measurement which are obtained from section of a different methodology pattern. It is necessary that extracted features should not lose the important information from the signal. EEG signal analysis is used in many health applications because it has ability to identify brain stimulation effectively which is nowadays widely used in brain computer interfaces. The review on these methods mainly focuses on feature extraction techniques used in EEG signal analysis Keywordsautoregressive model (AR), Electroencephalogram (EEG), independent component analysis (ICA), principal component analysis (PCA), wavelet transform (WT)
Myoplasmic Ca2+-force relationship studied with fura-2 during stimulation of rat aortic smooth muscle.

The intracellular Ca indicator fura-2 was used for simultaneous measurements of intracellular free Ca (Ca2+i) and force in arterial smooth muscle. Rat aortic medial rings were submitted to fluorometry in a geometrical arrangement resembling that of adherent cell layers. A rigid force-transducing system served to immobilize the tissue and record the developed force quasi-isometrically. Stimulation was performed with norepinephrine (NE), KCl depolarization (high K), and a nonfluorescent Ca ionophore (ionomycin) at varying extracellular Ca concentrations. The following facts were observed. NE, high K, and ionomycin increased tension along with fura-2-reported Ca2+i; under any circumstances tension was Ca2+i dependent and could be varied by manipulating Ca2+i. However, NE and high K determined a parallel increase in the effectiveness of Ca2+i in comparison with the simple ionophore, i.e., they increased the force-to-Ca2+i ratio. NE and high K produced half-maximal tension at fura-2 estimated Ca2+i of 0.10 and 0.13 microM, whereas ionomycin required 0.6 microM to achieve the same amount of force. It is inferred that Ca2+i is a determinant of vascular contraction, but some results suggest the existence of factors that sensitize the contractile machinery to Ca.
Lamb wave interactions with delaminations in composite laminates using air-coupled ultrasonic visualisation

Understanding ultrasonic Lamb wave propagation and its interaction with defects in composite laminate s is difficult due to their multimode nature and mode co nversion. Propagation of Lamb waves in a composite laminate can be studied numerically or by experimental wave fiel d imaging methods such as Schlieren imaging and Las er interferometry which gives visual representations o f ound fields. In this study we present the feasib ility of the use of air-coupled transducers as an alternative sensing m ethod to visualise the Lamb wave propagation in a c omposite laminate. Experimental visualisations of out-of-pla ne displacements of S 0 and A0 Lamb wave fields in a 4-layered cross-ply [0/90/90/0] glass fibre reinforced plasti c (GFRP) laminate with and without delaminations a re presented. The propagation of Lamb waves in the laminates and thei r interaction with delaminations at various locatio ns across the depth of the laminate are studied using 3D finite e lem nt (FE) analysis. The wavefield visualization i s validated using experiments. The visualisation approach is extended to inspect an 8-layered quasi-isotropic [0/+45/-45 /90]s composite laminate.
Fusion of visual and infrared face biometric scores by projection

This paper presents a projection model to fuse the scores of a visual face verification system and an infrared face verification system. Essentially, the model consists of an arbitrarily number of linear projection vectors with randomly permuted elements. An equal error rate formulation is next adopted to learn the linear coefficients for projection. The learned model is consequently used for prediction of verification states of unseen data. Our empirical evaluation using a moderate size data set shows potential of the proposed method.
Physical implementation of 3D integrated solenoids within silicon substrate for hybrid IC applications

This paper presents an original concept of a 3D solenoid realized in a 300μm depth High Resistivity Silicon (HRS) substrate using the Through Silicon Via (TSV) interconnection technology. Electrical performances deduced from two-ports S-parameters are reported. A comparison is performed considering first conventional O-shaped planar BiCMOS (Al Back-end) inductor, then a CMOS (45nm node, Cu Back-end) O-shaped inductor respect to area occupation together with electrical performances. A predictive electrical model is proposed and compared to measurement results. Correlations between simulation and measurements are found satisfactory.
Nutrients and perinatal depression: a systematic review

Abstract Pregnancy and lactation deplete nutrients essential to the neurotransmission system. This may be one reason for the increased risk of depression during the perinatal period. The objective of the present review was to systematically review the literature and summarise evidence on whether blood nutrient levels influence the risk of perinatal depression. PubMed, EMBASE and CINAHL databases were searched for studies of any design. A total of twenty-four articles of different designs were included, representing 14 262 subjects. We extracted data on study population, depression prevalence, nutrients examined, deficiency prevalence, timing of assessment, reporting, analysis strategy and adjustment factors. In all, fourteen studies found associations of perinatal depression with lower levels of folate, vitamin D, Fe, Se, Zn, and fats and fatty acids, while two studies found associations between perinatal depression and higher nutrient levels, and eight studies found no evidence of an association. Only ten studies had low risk of bias. Given the methodological limitations and heterogeneity of study approaches and results, the evidence for a causal link between nutritional biomarkers and perinatal depression is still inconclusive. High-quality studies in deficient populations are needed.
Versioning of Information Goods and the Commercial Marketing of Geographic Information Services

Although there is much enthusiasm about the commercial potential of geographic information (GI) services as the middleware between the provider and requestor of geographic information and geoprocessing resources within spatial data infrastructures, economically viable marketing practices remain a rare case. This paper outlines the relevance of versioning (also referred to as vertical differentiation) for the marketing of the aforementioned resources. In this context, particular attention is paid to the modelling and marketing of price-quality differentiated GI service versions.