Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Activity and selectivity of pure manganese oxides in the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide with ammonia

Manganese oxides of dfierent crystallm~ty, oxldatlon state and specfic surface area have been used m the t&&we catalytic reduction (SCR) of mtnc ox& wth ammoma between 385 and 575 K MnO, appears to exhibit the highest actlvlty per unit surface area, followed by MnsOs, Mn,O,, Mn,O, and MnO, m that order This SCR actlvlty correlates w&h the onset of reduction m temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) expenmenta, mtllcatmg a relation between the SCR process and active surface oxygen Mn,Oa III preferred m SCR smce lta selectlnty towards mtrogen formation durmg thm process I the h&e& In all cases the selectlvlty decreases anth mcreasmg temperature The oxldatlon state of the manganese, the crystalhmty and the spsclfic surface area are declswe for the performance of the oxides The specfic surface area correlatea well wrth the mtnc oxide reduction actlmty The mtrous ox& ongmatea from a reaction between nltnc oxide and ammoma below 475 K and from 0x1datlon of ammoma at hqher temperaturss, proven by usmg lsNHB Partlapatlon of the bulk oxygen of the manganese ox&e can be excluded, smce TPR reveals that the bulk oxldatlon state remains unchanged durmg SCR, except for MnO, which XI transformed mto MnsO, under the apphed condltlons In the oxldatlon of ammoma the degree of oxtitlon of the nitrogen contaunng producta ( N2, NzO, NO) mcreaaes wdh mxeasmg temperature and wkh mcreasmg oxldatlon state of the manganese A reaction model P proposed to account for the observed phenomena
Coresidence with Parents and a Wife's Decision to Work in Japan

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the factors that would affect the married couple's decision to coreside with their parents and a wife's decision to work in Japan, explicitly considering the simultaneous structure of these two decisions. Unlike preceding studies, we distinguish coresidence with the husband's parents and that with the wife's parents. Our empirical analysis based on the micro-data shows that the positive impact of coresidence with parents on the wife's labor participation tends to be underestimated, unless simultaneous decisions are taken into account. It is also found that the couple's decision to coreside with their parents is influenced by socio-economic and demographic factors such as the couple's educational attainments as well as the family relations.
Developing and Implementing IS strategy in SMEs

Purpose To further understanding of how IS strategy is developed and implemented in SMEs. Methodology/approach Eight case studies, each one covering an 18-24 month time span. Qualitative research based on first hand experience (action-research), interviews, meeting minutes, Board papers, final reports. Earl’s model of IS strategy development is used as a framework for assessing strategy development and implementation. Findings All three approaches identified by Earl are valid, depending on business context. All eight companies have been successful in their IS investment, some showing significant bottomline benefits. Research Limits/Implications Shows value of properly managed IS strategy deployment in SMEs. Should encourage SMEs to adopt mid to long term approach to IS, linked to business plan. Models for IS strategy development and alignment could be progressed in subsequent research, focussing on some of these company projects and others just starting Practical Implications Case studies provide real life examples of IS good practice in SMEs. Cases can also be used as ‘benchmarks’. Supports alignment of IS strategy with overall business strategy. May encourage other companies to explore use of KTP scheme for IS strategy deployment. Originality/value The case examples are original and have not been studied before. Strategic options, key decisions, product selections and benefits gained are of value as examples to senior management and IS professionals in industry. Provides examples of how KTP scheme operates.
Evaluating Function of Persian Search Engines on the Web Using Correspondence Analysis

This study aimed to evaluate Persian Search Engines based on the criteria obtained from Alexa databank using correspondence analysis. Through searching the web, 23 search engines were found, which due to their cease and no coverage by Alexa, this number was reduced to 16. Data analysis revealed that Ghatreh Search Engine occupied a high rank in most of attributes like traffic rank, time spent on site and number of pages viewed per user. Iranmania Search Engine attained the largest number of links among other search engines. Jostejoogar Search Engine attracted the largest number of foreign users whilst Begardim Search Engine had no foreign users. Correspondence analysis classified the 16 search engines into three groupings which were related on the basis of certain attributes.
HERMES: a high-resolution fibre-fed spectrograph for the Mercator telescope

The HERMES high-resolution spectrograph project aims at exploiting the specific potential of small but flexible telescopes in observational astrophysics. The optimised optical design of the spectrograph is based on the well-proven concept of white-pupil beam folding for high-resolution spectroscopy. In this contribution we present the complete project, including the spectrograph design and procurement details, the telescope adaptor and calibration unit, the detector system, as well as the optimised data-reduction pipeline. We present a detailed performance analysis to show that the spectrograph performs as specified both in optical quality and in total efficiency. With a spectral resolution of 85 000 (63 000 for the low-resolution fibre), a spectral coverage from 377 to 900 nm in a single exposure and a peak efficiency of 28%, HERMES proves to be an ideal instrument for building up time series of high-quality data of variable (stellar) phenomena. © 2010 ESO.
Early Insulin Initiation—A Review of the Literature and Case Studies

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the United States has increased in the last decade. Clinical guidelines direct patients with newly diagnosed T2D to a stepwise approach to glycemic management that includes diet, exercise, sequential oral antidiabetic drug (OAD) treatment (from monotherapy to combination therapy), and insulin treatment in order to help prevent microvascular and macrovascular complications. Studies have shown that patients with T2D benefit from early initiation of glycemic therapy to reduce glycated hemoglobin (A1C); however, OADs have been associated with limited A1C reductions leading to patients requiring insulin. Therefore, early initiation of insulin may help more patients to achieve and maintain longterm glycemic control. Insulin initiation is, however, frequently hindered by patient anxiety, clinician inertia, and patient and physician misconceptions about the role of insulin in glycemic control. This review examines the literature on insulin therapy in patients with T2D, focusing on the efficacy and advantages of early basal insulin analog therapy and real-life clinical experience that is illustrated in 3 case studies of patients with T2D. Early insulin initiation should be considered for a wide range of patients, from those with slightly elevated A1C to those with frank diabetic ketoacidosis.
THE USE OF INTERGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATION (IMC) BY EAST AFRICAN BREWERIES

Purpose: The purpose of the paper was to evaluate the use of integrated marketing communication (IMC) by East African Breweries LTD.Methodology: The present paper highlights the emergence of integrated marketing communications (IMC) that has significantly influenced thinking and acting among all types of companies and organizations facing the realities of competition in the present open economy. The paper sheds lights on various facets of Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) especially in different companies. The challenges and scopes of IMC with the context of strategies, implementation, and audit have also been discussed. The paper identified documentary evidence in the form of already completed studies that focused on the use of integrated marketing communication (IMCs) by different organizations.Results: The findings indicate that IMC has been proved as an efficient promotional tool to communicate more universally, clear, and effectively. Findings also indicate that companies that use IMCs perform better than those organization still using traditional marketing strategies.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The Company has been running the East Africa’s premier music reality show, tusker project fame show in Kenya and neighboring countries for the last five years, where it sponsors contestants and the overall winner walks with 5 million shillings and a recording contract from Gallo Records, the international recording company. In addition to nurturing raw talent, the Project also left a lasting impact on local economies as many small and medium-size enterprises from the region were contracted to provide assorted goods and services in support of the show. During this shows over 15 million adults watch the show thus get to learn about the brands and the website of the company. EABL also sponsors football club thus anytime the games are being played the players put on jerseys with the company logo and their banners displayed at the wall of the stadium. The company has used different mediums of advertising to reach different age groups. For example to reach the people in rural areas it is uses the radio and to reach the aged people within urban centers it uses the television sets and well lit bill boards and to reach the youths it uses the social media where it has different fan Facebook pages for different brands eg pilsner and tusker.
A correlative criterion for the stability of sigma-delta based IIR filter: application to an FIR-like bit-stream filter

Recently we have proposed a structure for single-bit filtering. This structure contains a ternary finite-impulse-response filter cascaded with a first-order infinite-impulse-response (IIR) filter. The recursive IIR filter contains a sigma-delta modulator embedded within the loop. This structure filters input signals and produces a single-bit output signal. The stability of such a system has yet to be analyzed. In this paper we use a new mean-square-error correlation-based method to determine the stability of sigma-delta based IIR filters. The approach is applied to test the stability of the above single-bit filtering system.
The effect of ration on waste management and odour control in feedlots.

Public pressure to prevent pollution of the environment is increasing. Cattle feedlots probably could partly achieve this by adopting a waste minimisation strategy that either reduces the quantity of waste produced or it’s pollution potential. This may be achieved through dietary manipulation. We conducted a cattle feeding trial and associated odour measurement experiment to determine if dietary manipulation can reduce odour generation without restricting cattle performance. We analysed the chemical and physical properties of faeces produced by cattle fed six different rations: dry-rolled sorghum, dry-rolled sorghum + ActigestB, dry-rolled sorghum + Hoechst@ product, steam-flaked sorghum, dry-rolled barley and steam-flaked barley. Animal performance was also monitored. We found that the chemical, physical and biological characteristics of manure, the main waste product of feedlots, can be modified by changing the ration. Simulated feedlot pads were prepared using the faeces collected from the cattle in the feeding trial. Odours sampled from pads prepared using faeces from cattle fed sorghum-based rations had a significantly higher intensity than those from barley-based rations. Further, the potential for water pollution may be reduced by having less nitrogen, phosphorus, salt and volatile solids in the manure. We collected sixteen feed ration Samples and analysed them to determine their phosphorus content. All of the rations exceeded the recommended phosphorus requirement for Jap-ox cattle and most exceeded the recommended requirement for local-trade cattle. Reducing the amount of phosphorus and other nutrients in manure may be important where the area available for waste utilisation is limited. Thus, intensive livestock’s enterprises that have particular environmental concerns may be able to reduce them through ration modification. Waste minimisation to reduce odour generation or excess nutrients may be possible whenever producers have a choice of ration types, as most Australian lot feeders do. However, waste minimisation can be widely adopted only after nutritionists recognise that animal performance is not the only criterion by which ration suitability should be assessed.
Estimating the Returns to Schooling: Implications from a Dynamic Discrete Choice Model

This paper assesses the applicability of a dynamic discrete choice model in accounting for the observed ordinary least squares (OLS) and instrumental variable (IV) estimates of the Mincer equation parameter on returns to schooling. A dynamic model of schooling and employment choices is estimated and used to simulate educational attainment, employment history, and wages. Estimations of the Mincer wage equation using simulated data appear to validate the model. Ability selection is found to be the major source of bias in the OLS estimates of schooling returns. Although the IV estimates lie within the support of true returns to schooling if a strong and strictly exogenous instrument is used and if dynamic employment selection is controlled, these conditions may be easily violated in practice.
Visualisation of Linked Data – Reprise Journal Item

Linked Data promises to serve as a disruptor of traditional approaches to data management and use, promoting the push from the traditional Web of documents to a Web of data. The ability for data consumers to adopt a follow your nose approach, traversing links defined within a dataset or across independently-curated datasets, is an essential feature of this new Web of Data, enabling richer knowledge retrieval thanks to synthesis across multiple sources of, and views on, inter-related datasets. But for the Web of Data to be successful, we must design novel ways of interacting with the corresponding very large amounts of complex, interlinked, multi-dimensional data throughout its management cycle. The design of user interfaces for Linked Data, and more specifically interfaces that represent the data visually, play a central role in this respect. Contributions to this special issue on Linked Data visualisation investigate different approaches to harnessing visualisation as a tool for exploratory discovery and basic-to-advanced analysis. The papers in this volume illustrate the design and construction of intuitive means for end-users to obtain new insight and gather more knowledge, as they follow links defined across datasets over the Web of Data.
Exercise in a metabolic chamber - Effects of exercise on 24 h fat oxidation

Indirect calorimetry with a room-size respiratory chamber provides an ideal setting to monitor energy metabolism for a prolonged period. During the last 10 years, experiments with this method have raised interesting observations such as: 1) exercise intensity has no effect on 24 h fat oxidation, 2) exercise has little, if any, effect on 24 h fat oxidation, and 3) exercise before breakfast increases 24 h fat oxidation. To some of the scientific community and general public, the first two statements may be unacceptable. But it can be factually explained that the impact of exercise on energy metabolism is not confined to the period of physical activity itself, and that fat oxidation remains elevated during the post-exercise period. The third observation seems to be insignificant, but contradicts the second one. It is premature to conclude that exercise has no effect on 24 h fat oxidation.
Effect of methanolic extract of hawthorn (Crataegus aronia) fruit on Leishmania major in vitro

Background: Pentavalent antimonate compounds are the routine drugs for leishmaniasis. Apart from side effects, relapse and drug resistance are among the main problems of these compounds. Hawthorn has antioxidant and antibacterial effects. The aim of present study was to determine the anti-leishmanial effect of hawthorn fruit extract in vitro. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study different doses of hawthorn fruit extract was added to Leishmania major promastigotes. Cytotoxicity was investigated by both direct counting and MTT assay after 24, 48 and 72 hours. In addition, hawthorn extract was added to amastigote-infected macrophages and then the mean of amastigote per macrophage was counted after 24 and 48 hours. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results: The cytotoxicity of the highest and lowest concentration of the extract (60 µg/ml and 0.5 µg/ml) after 24, 48 and 72 hours was 31.86, 27.93; 20.11, 20.94; and 35.19, 55.14, respectively. After 24 hours the IC50 was 49.13 mg/ml; the mean number of amastigote per macrophage in Control and Plant extract-treated groups (1, 10 and 100 mg/ml) were: 3.91; (1.97, 1.76 and 1.78), respectively. Conclusion: The results showed that hawthorn fruit extract has no significant cytotoxic effect on promastigotes. However, to some extent it can inhibit the proliferation of amastiogtes inside macrophages.
Treatment of uncertainty in conservation under climate change

Climate change is an important threat to biodiversity globally, but there are major uncertainties associated with its magnitude and ecological consequences. Here, we investigate how three major classes of uncertainty, linguistic uncertainty, epistemic uncertainty (uncertainty about facts), and human decision uncertainty, have been accounted for in scientific literature about climate change. Some sources of uncertainty are poorly characterized and epistemic uncertainty is much more commonly treated than linguistic or human decision uncertainty. Furthermore, we show that linguistic and human decision uncertainties are relatively better treated in the literature on sociopolitics or economics than in natural sciences, which often overlook communication between stakeholders and socioeconomic consequences. As uncertainty can significantly influence implementation of conservation, we discuss uncertainties associated with some commonly proposed conservation adaptation actions to mitigate climate change. There may be major differences between strategies, with implications on how they should be viewed in conservation planning. We conclude that evaluating conservation strategies in terms of different types of uncertainty will facilitate communication between disciplines and stakeholders. While accounting for uncertainties in a quantitative manner is difficult and data demanding, even qualitative appreciation about the uncertainties inherent in conservation strategies can facilitate and improve decision making.
Near and far field experimental investigation on the structure of an isothermal lobed jet

Near and far field experimental research on the structure of an isothermal turbulent lobed jet is presented. Lobed jet mixing performance is compared to an isothermal axisymmetric jet with same equivalent diameter and initial volumetric rate. The entrainment ratio of the lobed jet was found respectively several times greater in the potential core region and 35% greater in the far field than the one of the circular jet. Compared to elliptical or tabbed jets reported by other researchers the lobed jet presents a greater self-induction. The conservation of a greater entrainment rate in the far field turns out to be correlated with a weaker turbulence level. We noticed, as well, that the lobed jet strong dilution by the entrained air does not lead to lower velocity magnitude levels at distant regions. The transformation of the turbulent field by the lobed nozzle geometry enable greater entrainment overall the explored distance range preserving its axial throw. These results suggest that the lobed jet is less dissipative.
Causes and consequences of historical multi-trophic diversity change in an intertidal seagrass bed

To understand and predict patterns of diversity loss in response to global changes, combining historical ecological datasets with modern experimentation can be a valuable approach. In an intertidal seagrass community in northern Florida, USA, we used current and historical quantitative data and a factorial field experiment to investigate diversity changes within and across trophic levels from 1959 to 2013. Over this time period, an 80% reduction in habitat area due to changes in sediment deposition coincided with the disappearance of 2 of 6 large predatory gastropod species and a decline in the relative abundance of specialist relative to generalist gastropods. To investigate the effects of these compositional changes, we experimentally examined trophic interactions among community members in mimicked current and historical food webs. We found that the top predator (horse conch Triplofusus giganteus) had the greatest predatory effect on the 2 species that had disappeared from the community (lace murex Chicoreus florifer and true tulip Fasciolaria tulipa) and that lace murex had the greatest predatory effect on basal resources (bivalves). Therefore, the community not only experienced a reduction in the number of interaction pathways due to species loss, but also loss of the strongest top-down effects among trophic levels. Given that strong interactions are often unstable, this result may reflect loss of the least stable interactions in response to habitat loss. Whether interaction strength can predict extirpation vulnerability in ecosystems merits further empirical and theoretical investigation.
Basic Concepts of using Solid Phase Synthesis to Build Small Organic Molecules using 2-Chlorotrityl Chloride Resin

Solid Phase Synthesis (SPS) is a chemical strategy that was developed and refined by Bruce Merrifield in the early 1960s and later led to a Nobel Prize in 1984. This discovery paved the way for chemists to be able to construct proteins with high yields, less timeconsuming purification and much faster synthetic routes. The strategy utilizes an insoluble solid polystyrene cross-linked support resin, 2-chlorotrityl-chloride (2-CCR), to form an ester linkage with an acid so proteins or small molecules can be built from the N terminal one amino acid at a time. This same chemistry can be employed to construct peptidomimetics and small non-peptide molecules. This chemistry is especially useful for building molecules that require temporary protection of a carboxylic acid during the synthetic route. This article will provide the basic concepts and considerations when practicing SPS for small non-peptide molecule construction. Significant considerations in employing this chemistry include: resin selection, swelling of resin, coupling agents, solvents, mechanism, loading of resin, nucleophilic substitution, and cleavage from resin support, amine protecting groups, general reaction techniques as well as purification of final product.