Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Climate‐driven changes in abundance and distribution of larvae of oceanic fishes in the southern California region

We examined climatic effects on the geographic distribution and abundance of 34 dominant oceanic fishes in the southern California region using larval fish data collected from the 50‐year long California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) surveys. The oceanic species responses to environmental changes in their geographic distributions were not very pronounced, perhaps because they lived in the deep layer where temperature change was relatively small or because the environmental variation of the CalCOFI region is not strong enough (with an average temperature gradient of the upper 100 m around 91 km °C−1). Among the 34 taxa, 16 showed a significant distributional shift (median latitude or boundaries) in relation to environmental variables, and eight species significantly shifted their geographic distribution from the 1951–1976 cold period to the 1977–1998 warm period. Interestingly, the vertically migrating taxa more often showed a significant response to environmental variables than the nonmigrating mesopelagic taxa, reflecting the more significant increase in heat content of the upper ocean (<200 m), compared with the deeper zone (300–500 m) where the mesopelagic fishes typically remain. Climate change has significant effects on the abundances of oceanic fishes. Twenty‐four taxa exhibited a significant change in abundance in relation to environmental variables, and 25 taxa, including both warm and cold‐water taxa, showed a significant increase in abundance from the cold to warm period. Analysis of physical data indicated that the surface‐layer (20–200 m) warmed significantly and the isotherms approached shoreward from the cold to the warm period. We further show that the spatial distribution of coastal–neritic fish retreated shoreward and oceanic fish extended shoreward from the cold to warm period. Our results suggest intensified stratification of the southern California region during the warm period may create a suitable habitat for the oceanic species. Moreover, such an unfavorable condition (e.g. changes in food habitat) for coastal–neritic species might result in competitive release for the oceanic fishes to flourish.
Study of Hadoop Data Migration Based on Oozie

As more companies use Hadoop, they need to migrate data to the platform. Traditional migration needs professional people operating on bash frequently. It requires a lot of manpower and is not easy to maintain the jobs. This paper puts forward a scheme that configures a migration task in webpage based on Flex then submits the mission to Oozie to execute timely. It requires less professional knowledge and easy to maintain because of friendly user interface. The paper also details the specific implementation of the scheme, and introduces the actual usage.
The Phonological Errors by Dutch Exchange Students in Reading Indonesian Texts

In this study, the five non-existing Indonesian sounds in Dutch sound system were observed because these sounds cause a problem. Moreover, the writers analyzed the phonological errors produced by the Dutch exchange students. The theories were from Moeliono and Darwowidjojo (2003) for the Indonesian consonants and from Mennen, Levelt and Gerrits (2006) for the Dutch consonants. The findings show that there were five Indonesian sounds that do not exist in Dutch sound system. Furthermore, the Dutch exchange students produced phonological errors in initial, medial and final positions. In conclusion, the phonological errors in five observed sounds produced by the Dutch exchange students happened because of the L1 transfer and the lack of knowledge of Indonesian consonants.
An Extended Model for Tracking Accumulation Pathways of Materials Using Input–Output Tables: Application to Copper Flows in Japan

Recycling has become increasingly important as a means to mitigate not only waste issues but also problems related to primary resource use, such as a decrease in resource availability. In order to promote and plan future recycling efficiently, detailed information on the material stock in society is important. For a detailed analysis of material stocks, quantitative information on flows of a material, such as its accumulation pathways, final destinations, and its processing forms, are required. This paper develops a model for tracking accumulation pathways of materials using input–output tables (IOTs). The main characteristics of the proposed model are as follows: (1) accumulations in sectors other than the final demand sectors (i.e., endogenous sectors) are explicitly evaluated, (2) accumulations as accompaniments to products, such as containers and packaging, are distinguished from the products, and (3) processing forms of materials are considered. The developed model is applied to analyze copper flows in Japan using the Japanese IOTs for the year 2011. The results show that accumulations of copper in endogenous sectors were not negligibly small (9.24% of the overall flow). Although accumulations of copper as accompaniments were very small, they may be larger for other materials that are largely used as containers or packaging. It was found that the destinations of copper showed different characteristics depending on the processing forms.
Effect of Al-trace dimension on Joule heating and current crowding in flip-chip solder joints under accelerated electromigration

Three-dimensional thermoelectrical simulation was conducted to investigate the influence of Al-trace dimension on Joule heating and current crowding in flip-chip solder joints. It is found that the dimension of the Al-trace effects significantly on the Joule heating, and thus directly determines the mean time to failure (MTTF). Simulated at a stressing current of 0.6A at 70°C, we estimate that the MTTF of the joints with Al traces in 100μm width was 6.1 times longer than that of joints with Al traces in 34μm width. Lower current crowding effect and reduced hot-spot temperature are responsible for the improved MTTF.
Process-based modelling of biogenic monoterpene emissions: sensitivity to temperature and light

Process-based modelling of biogenic monoterpene emissions: sensitivity to temperature and light G. Schurgers, A. Arneth, R. Holzinger, and A. Goldstein Lund University, Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystems Analysis, Sölvegatan 12, 223 62 Lund, Sweden Utrecht University, Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands University of California at Berkeley, Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, Berkeley, CA, USA Received: 25 September 2008 – Accepted: 29 October 2008 – Published: 6 January 2009 Correspondence to: G. Schurgers (guy.schurgers@nateko.lu.se) Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.
A HYBRID APPROACH FOR REDUCING DOWNTIME, MIGRATION TIME AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF LIVE VM MIGRATION.

In this paper we discuss a hybrid approach of live VM migration that evaluates the hosts across the LAN. Here the best of both Pre and post copy methods are to be evaluated using the hybrid approach. Later the pre copy approach used, spawn the VM on destination host after that CPU state and memory is transferred and after transferring processor state the opposite work has to be done. In our approach we used checkpoint mechanism for recovery of page faults occurs over the network while transferring the data over the VM. We propose a method that uses hybrid approach of live VM migration with addition a new data recovery mechanism. This recovery mechanism utilizes checkpoint and also in this the load balancing on individual machine has been done. In results 20% to 30% improvement has been seen and also it is better implementation over pre and post copy mechanism.
Exploring the Role of Visual Representation Signals for Interactional Action in Conversation

The main approach to conversation analysis is multimodal analysis, which can be explained by the distinction between the non-verbal and verbal expression in the communicative functions (Haddington & Kaanta, 2011; Streeck et al., 2011). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there was a significant difference between non-verbal or verbal signals in conveying information in conversation. The participants of this study were 37 male Iranian B.S. Paramedic students at medical university for the Islamic Republic of Iran's Army. Two video talk show interviews were shown in order to determine the descriptive features for exchanging information. ELAN video annotation instrument was utilized for analyzing the interviews of this study. To find out which of verbal or non-verbal resources was effective in conveying information, a questionnaire was also developed by the researchers consisting of 19 items on the verbal and non-verbal signals. The results of ELAN analysis for both interviews showed that the descriptive visual cues such as hand movement, gaze, eyebrow motions, and torso were more frequent than the other non-verbal resources. Additionally, the analysis of the questionnaire data showed that there was a significant difference between the visual and verbal elements in the transmission of information from the students' viewpoints. Moreover, there was a significant difference between the non-verbal descriptive resources in conveying information. The findings of this study revealed that non-verbal cues were more effective in the transmission of information than the verbal cues. In addition, hand movements and laughing were found to be more effective than the other visual signals in conveying
DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECTS OF MONETARY POLICY

We assess the distributional consequences of monetary policy in the current economic environment in the United States. Through its effect on inflation, monetary policy affects the real value of nominal assets and liabilities, and therefore redistributes wealth between borrowers and lenders in the economy. In addition, unconventional policies such as 'quantitative easing' affect real interest rates and the availability of credit, once again leading to redistributional effects. We first document the potential exposure to redistribution effects on the U.S. economy using recent data from the Flow of Funds accounts and the Survey of Consumer Finance. We then quantify the redistribution effects of monetary policy using a rich life-cycle model with idiosyncratic risk, financial constraints, a housing sector, and nominal borrowing and lending. We also discuss the extent to which the recent financial crisis, which has lowered net worth of many households and tightened financial constraints, has changed the nature of distributional consequences of monetary policy.
New insights on fractures deformation from tiltmeter data measured inside the Fontaine de Vaucluse karst system

Tilt fluctuations can potentially reflect the response of hydrosystems to important rainfall. In this context, long baseline tiltmeters have been installed in an underground tunnel penetrating the Fontaine de Vaucluse karst to study the medium deformation related to solicitations exerted by water infiltrating the hydrosystem. The instruments monitor the tilt as well as its spatial variation. Northward tilts reaching a 1 μrad amplitude are observed consecutively to rainfalls. The tilt amplitude is highly correlated with the Fontaine de Vaucluse outlet flow fluctuations. The measured tilt signal is also relatively homogeneous over a 150 m length. Different types of structure likely to produce such observations are tested in order to identify their location with respect to the tiltmeters, their dimension as well as the amount of water level variation in the structure. Following rainfalls, the infiltration of water modifies the pore pressure, inducing a medium deformation. The hypothesis of an homogeneous surface loading on the Vaucluse plateau is first refuted since the related tilt is much lower than the one measured. The water supplied by rainfalls has to accumulate in discontinuities in order to generate a higher tilt. So, the deformation related to a pressure exerted on a fracture filled by water is assessed. A first study reveals the interest of the tilt homogeneity information that constrains strongly the fracture properties. Thus, the fracture must be located at a distance more than a few hundreds metres from the tiltmeters in order to produce a tilt homogeneous in space. If the fracture is initially dry, it must also be filled on a height higher than 150 m consecutive to a rainfall in order to generate a tilt amplitude in the same magnitude as the one measured. Then, we explore the influence of water level variations on the tilt produced by a fracture located at the interface between the saturated and unsaturated zones, which are thereby permanently flooded. Since several parameters of that model satisfactorily explain the field observations, we discuss how simultaneous geodetical observations could provide complementary information that would further constrain the geometry of the structure at the origin of the medium deformation.
Degree of conversion of bulk fill composites at different depths

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of monomer conversion of bulk fill composites at different depths. Materials and methods: The bulk fill products tested were SDRTM, SonicFillTM System, Venus® Bulk Fill, and Tetric EvoCeram® Bulk Fill. In addition, this study tested conventional composites that have been indicated for use in association with bulk fill composites (Venus® and Tetric EvoCeram®), as well as the Ceram XTM conventional composite. To analyze the degree of conversion (DC), specimens (n = 10) consisting of four individual portions through the depths of cure (1, 2, 3, and 4 mm) were created. These samples were ground, pressed with potassium bromine, and analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post hoc methods were applied to the results (p < 0.05). Results: Venus® Bulk Fill exhibited the best results at all of the depths tested. None of the bulk fill composites considered herein exhibited any significant differences between the depths. Conventional composites were found to have significantly lower DCs at greater depths. Conclusion: The results show that when depth of cure is being considered, bulk fill composites may be used at thicknesses of up to 4 mm. Clinical significance: Bulk fill composites are indicated to be inserted in increments of up to 4 mm. In this sense, it is fundamental to determine DC in these depths to ensure obtaining adequate mechanical properties.
The dynamic load balancing protocol in RAMCloud

The emergence of RAMCloud has improved user experience of online data intensive applications. But due to its random storage policy without the load balancing strategy, in the practical application of large web sites, when faced with highly concurrent access, it may crash server, even make the system paralysis. Therefore, We proposed a load balancing strategy for master server in RAMCloud, which called the dynamic load balancing protocol, it classify the servers into M_client, M_server and M_balance. M_client communicate with M_server through the message of the protocol, and perform load migration. The experiments show that the load balancing strategy can help RAMCloud to deal with random load in a balancing way with sacrificing low latency.
FREELY DECAYING TURBULENCE IN FORCE-FREE ELECTRODYNAMICS

Freely decaying, relativistic force-free turbulence is studied for the first time. We initiate the magnetic field at a short wavelength and simulate its relaxation toward equilibrium on two- and three-dimensional periodic domains in both helical and nonhelical settings. Force-free turbulent relaxation is found to exhibit an inverse cascade in all settings and in three dimensions to have a magnetic energy spectrum consistent with the Kolmogorov 5/3 power law. Three-dimensional relaxations also obey the Taylor hypothesis; they settle promptly into the lowest-energy configuration allowed by conservation of the total magnetic helicity. However, in two dimensions, the relaxed state is a force-free equilibrium whose energy greatly exceeds the Taylor minimum and that contains persistent force-free current layers and isolated flux tubes. We explain this behavior in terms of additional topological invariants that exist only in two dimensions, namely the helicity enclosed within each level surface of the magnetic potential function. The speed and completeness of turbulent magnetic free-energy discharge could help account for rapidly variable gamma-ray emission from the Crab Nebula, gamma-ray bursts, blazars, and radio galaxies.
An Activity Overlapping Algorithm For Construction

Concurrent engineering has been used to reduce project completion time. Although several studies have been directed toward the issue of concurrent engineering in construction engineering and management, they have primarily focused on the process in the design phase and examined the information dependencies between overlapping of design activities. Concurrent engineering principles are also applicable to construction activities, but these activities are more subject to physical constraints rather than the aforementioned information constraints. Physical constraints can be classified into strong logical dependencies (inflexible constraints) and weak logical dependencies (flexible constraints). Overlapping of activities with strong logical dependencies requires additional resources or unnatural re-sequencing of the activities. Whenever a natural sequencing constraint is circumvented there is an increased risk of rework, delay, or additional cost. These uncertain consequences and costs of overlapping or re-sequencing must be considered when applying concurrent engineering to the construction process. This paper presents an algorithm for overlapping construction activities based upon concurrent engineering overlapping techniques for design. A pilot case study demonstrates the applicability of the proposed algorithm into the construction industry.
Bio-techniques for improvement of qualitative and quantitative traits in walnut (Juglans regia)

Walnut, Juglans regia (L.) is an economically significant plant for its immense nutritive and economic value. The breeding character of walnut has lent it a wide diversity in genetic characteristics. The principal vegetative and common traditional agronomic traits together with biochemical characterization i.e., karyotyping and isoenzyme expression have been the early research methods. However, these techniques are time-consuming and susceptible to the environmental variations. Literature is meager in the distribution, applied applications in general and the use of agriculture biotechnology in particular in case of walnut plants. The bio-techniques like molecular markers are adequate in number and there is little or no diversity in the method employed for research on walnuts. Despite basic research method, the organization of information, its retrieval and presentation structures, form elaboration experienced immense advancement via molecular markers such as RFLP, ISSR, RAPD AFLP, SSR and SNP. This appraisal in its first part provides detailed information regarding the present scenario of data on biogeographical distribution, health benefits of walnut worldwide and current applications in the agroforestry management, biochemical evaluations and applied uses of a walnut tree which is relevant for both basic and applied research. The review in its second part sheds light on the application of sophisticated agricultural biotechnology techniques such as use of molecular markers to evaluate, realize the full potential of walnut for increasing its quality, quantity and for its sustainable production which cannot be obtained through usual breeding techniques to meet the demands of a projected world population.
Genetic Variation Analysis of Mold (Magnaporthe oryzae B.Couch) Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA

Magnaporthe oryzae B.Couch is a host-specific fungi, certain strain only infect certain host plant species. Genetic variety among M. oryzae isolates was explained by dendogram which was constructed using similarity data of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Dendogram construction was achieved by computer software, Numerical Taxonomy System (NTSYS). The aim of the research were to study the genetic variation among M. Oryzae using RAPD and to construct a dendogram of genetic similarities among the ten isolates from green foxtail (Setaria viridis L.), finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.). RAPD was performed in 30 cycles using 5 primers (OPA-02, OPA-03, OPA-04, OPA-05, OPA-07). Polymorphism data was used to constructed dendogram using Dice index and Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) in NTSYS software. There were 68 polymorphism fragments from 74 amplified fragments. Three clusters were formed in the dendrogram, based on host pathotype: foxtail millet type, finger millet type and rice type. There were two subclusters in foxtail millet type based on mating type, MAT1-1 dan MAT1-2. Thus, RAPD could be used as a method for genetic variation analysis of Magnaporthe oryzae to show host-specific specificity. Key words: Magnaporthe oryzae, RAPD, mating type
Corrosion Risk of Reinforced Concrete Structure Arising from Internal and External Chloride

The corrosion risk of internal chloride and external chloride from three different exposure conditions was evaluated. The initiation of corrosion was detected by monitoring the galvanic current between cathode metal and embedded steel. The chloride threshold was determined by measuring the corrosion rate of steel by the polarization technique for internal chloride and the chloride profiling test for external chloride. As the result, the initiation of corrosion was accelerated with a cyclic wet/dry condition, compared to the totally wet condition. In addition, it was found that an increase of the drying ratio in the exposure condition resulted in an increase of corrosion rate after initiation. The threshold level of external chloride ranged from 0.2 to 0.3% weight by cement and internal chloride shows higher range, equated to 1.59–3.10%. Based on these data, the chloride penetration with exposure condition was predicted to determine the service life of reinforced concrete structure.
On the electrostatics of DNA in chromatin

We examine the interaction between DNA molecules immersed in an aqueous solution of oppositely charged, trivalent spermidine molecules. The DNA molecules are modeled as planar, likecharged surfaces immersed in an aqueous solution of multivalent, rod-like ions consisting of rigidly bonded point charges. An approximate field theory is used to determine the properties of this system from the weak to the intermediate through to the strong coupling regimes. In the weak coupling limit, the interaction between the charged surfaces is only repulsive, whereas in the intermediate coupling regime, the rod-like ions with spatial charge distribution can induce attractive force between the charged surfaces. In the strong coupling limit, the inter-ionic charge correlations induce attractive interaction at short separations between the surfaces. This theoretical study can give new insights in the problem of interaction between DNA molecules mediated by trivalent spermidine molecules.