Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ensemble Bayesian Model Averaging in Genetic Programming

This paper considers the general problem of function estimation via Genetic Programming (GP). Data analysts typically select a model from a population of models, and then proceed as if the selected model had generated the data. This approach ignores the uncertainty in model selection, leading to over-confident inferences and lack of generalisation. We adopt a coherent method for accounting for this uncertainty through a weighted averaging of all models competing in a population of GP. It is a principled statistical method for postprocessing a population of programs into an ensemble, which is based on Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA). Under two different formulations of BMA, the predictive probability density function (PDF) of a response variable is a weighted average of PDFs centered around the individual predictions of component models that take the form of either standalone programs or ensembles of programs. The weights are equal to the posterior probabilities of the models generating the predictions, and reflect the models' skill on the training dataset. The method was applied to a number of synthetic symbolic regression problems, and results demonstrate that it generalises better than standard methods for model selection, as well as methods for ensemble construction in GP.
Collateral Assessment by CT Angiography as a Predictor of Outcome in Symptomatic Cervical Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cervical internal carotid artery occlusion can present with varied clinical manifestations such as transient ischemic attack, stroke, and chronic ocular ischemia, or can be asymptomatic. The outcome in these patients is considerably influenced by cerebral hemodynamic compensatory adaptation of the intracranial collateral pathways. Our aim was to study whether collateral circulation as assessed by CT angiography can predict 3-month outcome and initial stroke severity in patients with symptomatic cervical ICA occlusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 65 patients with symptomatic cervical ICA occlusion from January 2011 to December 2013. The collateral vessels (anterior and posterior communicating arteries, ophthalmic artery, and leptomeningeal arteries) were assessed by CTA. The outcome at 3 months was defined as poor if the modified Rankin Scale score was ≥3. RESULTS: The mean age of subjects was 57 ± 11.6 years (range, 32–80 years), and 92% were men. Thirty-three (50.8%) patients had poor outcome. Absence of the ipsilateral ophthalmic artery, poor leptomeningeal collaterals, and <2 collaterals were predictors of stroke severity at onset and poor 3-month outcome in univariate analysis. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, inadequate flow through the secondary collaterals (ipsilateral ophthalmic artery or leptomeningeal collaterals; OR, 4.5; 95% CI, 1.4–14.9; P = .01) and higher NIHSS score at stroke onset (OR, 19.2; 95% CI, 2.2–166.2; P = .007) independently predicted poor outcome at 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: Assessment of collateral circulation with CTA can be a useful predictor of 3-month outcome in patients with symptomatic cervical ICA occlusion.
Synaptic Refinement of an Inhibitory Topographic Map in the Auditory Brainstem Requires Functional CaV1.3 Calcium Channels

Synaptic refinement via the elimination of inappropriate synapses and strengthening of appropriate ones is crucially important for the establishment of specific, topographic neural circuits. The mechanisms driving these processes are poorly understood, particularly concerning inhibitory projections. Here, we address the refinement of an inhibitory topographic projection in the auditory brainstem in functional and anatomical mapping studies involving patch-clamp recordings in combination with minimal and maximal stimulation, caged glutamate photolysis, and single axon tracing. We demonstrate a crucial dependency of the refinement on CaV1.3 calcium channels: CaV1.3−/− mice displayed virtually no elimination of projections up to hearing onset. Furthermore, strengthening was strongly impaired, in line with a reduced number of axonal boutons. The mediolateral topography was less precise and the shift from a mixed GABA/glycinergic to a purely glycinergic transmission before hearing onset did not occur. Together, our findings provide evidence for a CaV1.3-dependent mechanism through which both inhibitory circuit formation and determination of the neurotransmitter phenotype are achieved.
Reactivation of Latent Tuberculosis Infection in TNF-Deficient Mice 1

TNF-deficient mice are highly susceptible to Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv infection. Here we asked whether TNF is required for postinfectious immunity in aerosol-infected mice. Chemotherapy for 4 wk commencing 2 wk postinfection reduced CFU to undetectable levels. While wild-type mice had a slight rise in CFU, but controlled infection upon cessation of chemotherapy, TNF-deficient mice developed reactivation of infection with high bacterial loads in lungs, spleen, and liver, which was fatal within 13–18 wk. The increased susceptibility of TNF-deficient mice was accompanied by diminished recruitment and activation of T cells and macrophages into the lung, with defective granuloma formation and reduced inducible NO synthase expression. Reduced chemokine production in the lung might explain suboptimal recruitment and activation of T cells and uncontrolled infection. Therefore, despite a massive reduction of the mycobacterial load by chemotherapy, TNF-deficient mice were unable to compensate and mount a protective immune response. In conclusion, endogenous TNF is critical to maintain latent tuberculosis infection, and in its absence no specific immunity is generated.
Research of hysteresis loss in large dry submersible motor with the fault of static eccentricity

In this paper, a model of dry submersible motor with the static eccentricity was established to calculate the magnetic field and hysteresis loss. It is obvious that static eccentricity (SE) can affect the electromagnetic parameter. Therefore, the magnetic flux density of stator was researched based on Maxwell theory, including stator yoke and teeth. The faults of eccentricity can make the magnetic field intensity distorted according to the calculated results. Based on the iron loss separation model, the hysteresis loss was investigated both under normal and static eccentricity conditions. The comparison between the two conditions shows that hysteresis loss increased with the fault of static eccentricity. What's more, the conclusion can provide a method to detect the fault of air gap static eccentricity.
The learning conference

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to call attention to the fact that conferences for professionals rely on massive one‐way communication and hence produce little learning for delegates – and to introduce an alternative, the “learning conference”, that involves delegates in fun and productive learning processes.Design/methodology/approach – A typical full‐day conference is analyzed. It has six hours of podium talk and twenty‐five minutes for delegates to become involved. What model of learning can possibly lie behind this? The transfer model, which assumes learners to be empty vessels. An alternative view is that conference delegates are active professionals in search of inspiration, and they also want to share knowledge with their peers at the conference. A theory of the conference as a forum for mutual inspiration and human co‐flourishing is proposed, as are four design principles for a learning conference: presentations must provide concise input; the conference host must introduce processes that h.
Games of Social Control: A Sociological Study of Addiction to Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games

INTRODUCTION Gaming as a mainstream activity is becoming increasingly popular. Most recent multiplayer games, such as Destiny 2, Final Fantasy XIV and Overwatch, are or have online spaces that exist independently of gamers. Here, gamers socialize, cooperate, and compete. According to the ESA, “53% of the most frequent gamers play multiplayer games” and they do so for “at least once a week, spending an average of 6 hours playing with others online and 5 hours playing with others in person” (2017, 4, 8). With regard to massively multiplayer online role-playing games the average is even 23 hours per week with sometimes continuous gaming sessions of at least 10 hours (Griffiths, Davies, and Chappell, 2004; Hussain and Griffiths, 2009; Yee, 2006). Statistics like these, however, have led to “media panics” (Drotner, 1999) in the public debate and academia with regard to excessive and compulsive gaming (Cover, 2006; Fergunson, 2017; Nielsen, 2015).
Faster response on amisulpride 50 mg versus sertraline 50-100 mg in patients with dysthymia or double depression: a randomized, double-blind, parallel group study

Amisulpride (50 mg o.d.) was compared with sertraline (50-100 mg o.d.) for 12 weeks in a double-blind, parallel-group study in 313 outpatients with dysthymia (DSM-IV ± episode of major depression). Full response rate [≥ 50% decrease in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) total score] was higher with amisulpride after 4 weeks (63% versus 50%, P < 0.02) and 8 weeks (82% versus 69%, P < 0.009). Time to initial improvement (≥ 25% decrease in HAMD total score) and to ≥ 50% HAMD decrease were significantly shorter with amisulpride (P < 0.0033 and P < 0.0080, respectively). A faster response was also present in the subgroup of patients with pure dysthymia. The improvement in HAMD, Montgomery and Asberg Depression Rating Scale and Social and Occupational Assessment Scale total scores, as well as Clinical Global Impression improvement, was significantly greater with amisulpride after 4 weeks. Both drugs were equally effective at week 12. The tolerability of both drugs was satisfactory. Amisulpride is significantly more effective than sertraline during the first weeks of treatment in dysthymia.
Intervención educativa de enfermería y conocimientos sobre donación de órganos y tejidos. Adultos de 20 a 40 años. Hospital Nacional Lima 2015

La donacion de organos y tejidos humanos representa un problema latente en el mundo, donde los conocimientos adoptados en los individuos y familias, se convierten en facilitadores o barreras, mientras la calidad de vida de las personas en espera de un donante se ve afectada; esto motivo la realizacion del presente estudio, Objetivo: determinar el efecto de una intervencion educativa de Enfermeria sobre la donacion de organos y tejidos en el conocimiento de los adultos de 20 a 40 anos, Hospital Nacional, Lima, 2015; se tuvo como base el concepto de promocion de la salud de la teorista Nola Pender (1982). Material y metodos: la poblacion conveniente estuvo conformada de 30 adultos, quienes participaron de las entrevistas en pre y post test, mediante un instrumento en Escala de Likert de alternativas cerradas y validadas por jueces expertos; de enfoque cuantitativo; tipo explicativo; diseno pre experimental; analizado por el programa SPSS version 21. Resultados: en pre test 6,7%, 70% y 23,3% de quienes poseen nivel de conocimiento bajo, medio y alto respectivamente; luego, en pos test se obtuvo 6,7% y un 93,3%, de quienes poseen niveles de conocimiento medio y alto respectivo. Conclusiones: las intervenciones educativas pueden mejorar el conocimiento sanitario, demostrado en cada dimension; entre las recomendaciones, incentivar el tema de la donacion de organos y tejidos, en las instituciones educativas, sociales, economicas, empresariales, ocupacionales y de otras indoles; para generar conocimientos en las personas las cuales podran empoderarse sobre la toma de decisiones para ser futuros donantes.
FREE FINITE GROUP ACTIONS ON S

In this paper we describe the first stages of a theory of 3-manifolds with finite fundamental group. The strong conjecture that any free finite group action on S is conjugate to a linear action is known for some cyclic groups, see [3], [4], and is supported by recent work of one of us on fundamental groups [2]. Here we concern ourselves with the weaker conjecture that any compact 3-manifold with finite fundamental group is homotopy equivalent to a Clifford-Klein form. (Note that both conjectures are phrased to avoid problems with homotopy 3-spheres.) It is known, see for example [6], that the homotopy type of such a manifold is determined by the fundamental group and the first /c-invariant. By exploiting the link between /c-invariant and finiteness obstruction we are able to decide which homotopy types correspond to finite Poincaré complexes, and thus restrict the possible homotopy types for manifolds. There are nonstandard types for some groups, and a corollary of our argument is the existence in dimensions An — 1, n ^ 2, of free actions homotopically distinct from orthogonal ones. When n = 1, we can only produce such an action on a homology sphere, and it would be most interesting to know the fundamental group.
Information stored in Faraday waves: the origin of a path memory

On a vertically vibrating fluid interface, a droplet can remain bouncing indefinitely. When approaching the Faraday instability onset, the droplet couples to the wave it generates and starts propagating horizontally. The resulting wave–particle association, called a walker, was shown previously to have remarkable dynamical properties, reminiscent of quantum behaviours. In the present article, the nature of a walker's wave field is investigated experimentally, numerically and theoretically. It is shown to result from the superposition of waves emitted by the droplet collisions with the interface. A single impact is studied experimentally and in a fluid mechanics theoretical approach. It is shown that each shock emits a radial travelling wave, leaving behind a localized mode of slowly decaying Faraday standing waves. As it moves, the walker keeps generating waves and the global structure of the wave field results from the linear superposition of the waves generated along the recent trajectory. For rectilinear trajectories, this results in a Fresnel interference pattern of the global wave field. Since the droplet moves due to its interaction with the distorted interface, this means that it is guided by a pilot wave that contains a path memory. Through this wave-mediated memory, the past as well as the environment determines the walker's present motion.
Translocation of Loops Regulates Transport Activity of Mitochondrial ADP/ATP Carrier Deduced from Formation of a Specific Intermolecular Disulfide Bridge Catalyzed by Copper-o-Phenanthroline (*)

The cross-linking reagent copper-o-phenanthroline complex (Cu(OP)2) specifically caused a decrease in the amount of the 30-kDa ADP/ATP carrier in bovine submitochondrial particles associated predominantly with formation of a 60-kDa protein consisting of a cross-linked dimer of the carrier. However, Cu(OP)2 had no effect on mitochondria. The transport of ADP via the carrier through submitochondrial particle membranes was found to be inhibited in parallel with the progress of intermolecular cross-linking. Analysis of the cross-linked site showed that a disulfide bridge was formed only between two Cys residues in a pair of the first loops facing the matrix space. The transport inhibitor bongkrekic acid, which locks the m-state conformation of the carrier, had no effect on disulfide bridge formation catalyzed by Cu(OP)2, but carboxyatractyloside, which locks the c-state conformation by acting from the cytosolic side, completely inhibited the cross-linking. These results show that the ADP/ATP carrier functions as a dimer form, and a pair of the first loops protrudes into the matrix space in the m-state, but possibly intrudes into the membrane in the c-state. Thus, it is suggested that a pair of the first loops acts as a gate and that its opening and closing are regulated by their translocation.
Heart Rate, Blood Lactate, and Catecholamines During Ergometer and on Water Rowing

The heart rate, blood lactate, and catecholamine responses to rowing on a Gjessing ergometer and in a single scull on the water were compared. Seventeen rowers performed a multistage step test on the ergometer as well as low and high intensity endurance rowing on the water. Seven oarsmen (six with determinations of free plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline) rowed on the ergometer with the same heart rate and duration as on the water. During ergometer endurance rowing, heart rate, lactate, and adrenaline were not significantly different from boat rowing, while plasma noradrenaline was higher. However, at similar lactate levels, heart rate during rowing on the water was approximately 10 beats.min-1 higher than during the ergometer multistage step test, due to the different duration of exercise. Heart rate values based on determination of lactate threshold can be taken as recommendations for low and high intensity endurance training on water. However, because of individual variations in the heart rate-lactate relationship between rowing on the ergometer and in the boat, field evaluation is recommended.
D3 receptor ligands modulate extracellular dopamine clearance in the nucleus accumbens

An involvement of the D3 dopamine receptor in the regulation of extracellular dopamine has been suggested. However, the mechanisms mediating this effect are unclear. We have used the technique of no net flux microdialysis under transient conditions to examine the influence of the D3‐preferring agonist (+)‐PD128907 upon extracellular dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens of the mouse. (+)‐PD 128907 (0.1 mg/kg intraperitoneally) significantly decreased extracellular dopamine. This decrease was associated with a marked increase in the extraction fraction, which suggests an increase in dopamine clearance. The ability of D3‐preferring compounds to modulate dopamine uptake was investigated in vitro using rotating disk electrode voltammetry. (+)‐PD 128907 (10 nm) significantly increased the initial clearance rate of 3 μm dopamine in rat nucleus accumbens tissue suspensions. Kinetic analysis revealed no change in the apparent Km of uptake but it showed a 33% increase in Vmax. In contrast, the D3 antagonist GR 103691 (10 nm) significantly decreased dopamine uptake. Consistent with the low levels of D3 receptors in the dorsal striatum, neither compound affected uptake in tissue suspensions from this brain region. These data indicate that D3 receptor activation increases dopamine uptake in the nucleus accumbens and suggest that this receptor subtype can regulate extracellular dopamine by modulating the DA transporter activity.
Relative Disease Susceptibility and Clostridial Toxin Antibody Responses in Three Commercial Broiler Lines Coinfected with Clostridium perfringens and Eimeria maxima Using an Experimental Model of Necrotic Enteritis

SUMMARY Necrotic enteritis is an enteric disease of poultry resulting from infection by Clostridium perfringens with coinfection by Eimeria spp. constituting a major risk factor for disease pathogenesis. This study compared three commercial broiler chicken lines using an experimental model of necrotic enteritis. Day-old male Cobb, Ross, and Hubbard broilers were orally infected with viable C. perfringens and E. maxima and fed a high-protein diet to promote the development of experimental disease. Body weight loss, intestinal lesions, and serum antibody levels against &agr;-toxin and necrotic enteritis B-like (NetB) toxin were measured as parameters of disease susceptibility and host immune response. Cobb chickens exhibited increased body weight loss compared with Ross and Hubbard breeds and greater gut lesion severity compared with Ross chickens. NetB antibody levels were greater in Cobb chickens compared with the Ross or Hubbard groups. These results suggest that Cobb chickens may be more susceptible to necrotic enteritis in the field compared with the Ross and Hubbard lines. RESUMEN Nota de Investigación—Susceptibilidad relativa a la enfermedad y respuesta de anticuerpos contra toxinas clostridiales en tres líneas de pollo de engorde comerciales coinfectadas por Clostridium perfringens y Eimeria maxima utilizando un modelo experimental de enteritis necrótica. La enteritis necrótica es una enfermedad entérica de las aves comerciales que resulta de la coinfección por Clostridium perfringens y Eimeria spp. que constituye un factor de riesgo importante para la patogénesis de la enfermedad. En este estudio se compararon tres líneas de pollos de engorde comerciales utilizando un modelo experimental de enteritis necrótica. Pollos de engorde de un día de edad, de las líneas Cobb, Ross y Hubbard fueron infectados oralmente con C. perfringens y con E. maxima viables y fueron alimentados con una dieta alta en proteínas para favorecer el desarrollo de la enfermedad experimental. Se midieron la pérdida de peso corporal, las lesiones intestinales, y los niveles séricos de anticuerpos contra la toxina &agr; y contra la toxina de enteritis necrótica similar a la toxina B (NetB) y se analizaron como parámetros de susceptibilidad a la enfermedad, también se midió la respuesta inmune del huésped. Los pollos de la línea Cobb mostraron una mayor pérdida de peso corporal en comparación con los pollos de las líneas Ross y Hubbard y mayor severidad de lesiones intestinales en comparación con los pollos Ross. Los niveles de anticuerpos contra la toxina NetB fueron mayores en pollos Cobb en comparación con los pollos de las líneas Ross y Hubbard. Estos resultados sugieren que los pollos Cobb pueden ser más susceptibles a la enteritis necrótica en el campo en comparación con las líneas Hubbard y Ross.
Hydrolysis of triolein, cholesterol oleate, and 4-methylumbelliferyl stearate by acid and neutral ester hydrolases (lipases) from pigeon adipose tissue: effect of cAMP-dependent protein kinase.

The properties of ester hydrolases (lipases) in a pH 5.2 precipitate fraction from pigeon adipose tissue have been determined in assays which have used a variety of different substrate preparations. Hydrolase activity measured with an ethanolic triolein substrate dispersion was characterized as having a single pH optimum of 7.5. In contrast, assays performed with a glycerol-dispersed triolein preparation resulted in a distinct shoulder of hydrolase activity at acid pH values in addition to a pH optimum of 7.5; addition of lecithin to the glycerol- dispersed triolein substrate preparation decreased hydrolase activity at neutral and alkaline pH values but allowed a distinct acid pH optimum (at pH 5) to be observed. Assays with glycerol-dispersed preparations of cholesterol oleate and the fluorogenic substrate, 4-methylumbelliferyl stearate (MU-stearate) (both containing lecithin) also demonstrated hydrolase activity with both acid (pH 4.5) and neutral (pH 7.5–8) pH optima. Preincubation of the pigeon adipos.