Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Robust Bio-IA With Digitally Controlled DC-Servo Loop and Improved Pseudo-Resistor

Bio-signal instrumentation amplifier (Bio-IA) is one of the most important circuit in the vital sign monitoring system. However, the performance of the Bio-IA using traditional pseudo-resistor (PR) is always very sensitive to process, power voltage and temperature (PVT). This brief proposed a digitally controlled dc-servo loop (DCDSL) and an improved PR to improve the robustness of Bio-IA. The proposed DCDSL replaces the integrator-based DSL and eliminates the PR in the traditional DSL, which can improve the response speed as well as the noise performance. The presented Bio-IA was implemented in a standard 0.18 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CMOS process, occupying an active area of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.474\times 0.424$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm<sup>2</sup>. The measured results shows that the Bio-IA can operate in the temperature range of −20°C~80°C. When the bias current is 500 fA, the equivalent resistance of the improved PR can be up to 330 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{G}{\boldsymbol{\Omega }}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The proposed Bio-IA can calibrate the dc offset as large as ±300 mV with a response time less than 200 ms. When the dc offset increases from 0 to 300 mV, its input-referred noise varies from 0.67 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>Vrms to 1.49 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>Vrms. With 1.2 V supply voltage, the midband gain of the Bio-IA is 40 dB.
The Basics of Experimental Design

From a statistician’s perspective, an experiment is performed to decide (1) whether the observed differences among the treatments (or sets of experimental conditions) included in the experiment are due only to change, and (2) whether the size of these differences is of practical importance. Statistical inference reaches these decisions by comparing the variation in response among those experimental units exposed to the same treatment (experimental error) with that variation among experimental units exposed to different treatments (treatment effect). Thus, the three principles of experimental design are:
Holographic study of heterogeneous dynamics by Amplitude Time Resolved Correlation (ATRC)

ATRC is a new ligth scattering technique that measures by holography the field amplitude scattered by a sample, and analyze its spatial correlations. ATRC outperforms other light scattering techniques like DLS, DWS and TRC. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) [1], diffusing wave spectroscopy (DWS) [2] and time resolved correlation (TRC) [3] are well-established techniques for investigating the dynamics of a wide variety of systems in physics, chemistry, biology , and medicine. DLS and DWS consider the intensity time fluctuations of the scattered light, and study samples, whose dynamics are homogeneous in time. TRC considers the spatial fluctuations, and is able to study slow or temporally heterogeneous dynamics. We propose, in this work, to replace the TRC multi pixel detector by an holographic one, and to consider the spatial fluctuations of the field complex amplitude E as a new quantity of interest. We introduce thus a new tool called ATRC for Amplitude Time Resolved Correlation, which outperforms TRC and open new perspectives. Fig. 1. (a) TRCA typical setup. (b) Reconstructed image of a nanocomposite sample. Fig.1 (a) shows a simplified diagram of the TRCA setup. The sample S is illuminated by the laser beam L1. The light scattered by the sample is split by the beam splitter BS into two imaging paths, corresponding to cameras C1 and C2. Lens L made the image of the sample S on C1, which records the light intensity image I of S. On the other hand, the camera C2 records the interference pattern (i.e. the hologram) of the scattered light with the reference laser light L2, and the complex amplitude image E of S is calculated by holographic reconstruction. The optimize the detection sensitivity [4], holography is heterodyne [5] and off-axis. Fig.1 (b) shows the intensity reconstructed image (I = |E| 2) of a 30 × 10 mm 2 Styrene-Butadiene/Silica nanocom-posite sample, which is observed in reflection. Because 2 phase detection is used, both the +1 and-1 image of the sample are seen (right and left hand side images of Fig.1 (b)). To analyze the dynamic of the sample, TRC considers
A Sidelobe Level Reduction Method for mm-Wave Substrate Integrated Waveguide Slot Array Antenna

A new method of sidelobe level (SLL) reduction for a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) slot array antenna is presented. In this method, amplitude distribution is assigned to the slots by tapering the SIW width. The SIW with tapered width can be efficiently manufactured by varying the position of the side-wall vias. In this letter, the new method is verified on a 12-element SIW slot array antenna operating at 94 GHz to achieve SLL around –30 dB. The antenna design procedure as well as simulation and measurement results are presented.
INVERSOR BIDIRECIONAL PARA CONTROLE DE FLUXO DEPOTENCIA EM MINIRREDES COM GERACAO DISTRIBUIDA

Esta dissertacao apresenta o estudo, modelagem e montagem de um conversor bidirecional CC-CA trifasico de multiplos estagios, projetado para operar como interface entre um sistema de armazenamento e uma minirrede isolada. O conversor consiste de dois estagios de conversao: um estagio de conversao CC-CC, implementado com um conversor buck-boost de meia ponte, que opera em modo buck ou boost (durante o carga ou descarga do sistema de armazenamento, respectivamente), e um estagio de conversao CC-CA composto por um conversor CC-CA trifasico. Os dois estagios sao conectados por um elo CC, que funciona como um elemento de desacoplamento de potencia. Isolacao galvânica e obtida atraves de um transformador de baixa frequencia. Uma estrategia de controle e utilizada na qual o estagio CC-CC controla a tensao do elo CC enquanto o estagio CC-CA controla a tensao e a frequencia da minirrede, atuando, portanto, como um conversor formador de rede (CFR). Um prototipo foi montado e testado em diferentes situacoes. Resultados de simulacao e de testes de bancada sao mostrados.
Critical Exploration of Liquid Metal Plasma-Facing Components in a Fusion Nuclear Science Facility

Abstract Liquid metal (LM) plasma-facing components (PFCs) may provide a resolution to the challenging fusion environment, particularly the first wall and divertor surfaces. Transforming these concepts into viable technologies will require considerable research and development. With the fusion nuclear regime in mind, the Fusion Energy System Studies group examined LM PFCs in order to identify needed research thrusts that could accelerate their development and assess their viability. Liquid metal behavior, solid substrate aspects, and fusion facility integration aspects are examined, with concepts as the research focusing element. The concepts applied to a fusion nuclear device are the primary definer of the LM parameters, environmental conditions, and operational aspects. This forms the research strategy recommended for these complex systems.
Polar Codes Applications for 5G Systems

Kablosuz kanallar uzerinden veri aktariminin iyilestirilmesi yillar boyunca bircok arastirmaci icin problem olmustur. Bu problemlerden biri kanal kapasitesidir. Shannon teoremi kesfedildiginden beri Shannon kapasitesine erismek icin cok calisma yapilmis ancak bu teorik sinira ulasmamistir. Kutupsal kodlar Shannon kapasite sinirina ulasabilen ilk uygulanabilir kodlardir. 5G sistemlerinde kanal kapasitesindeki artis kutupsal kodlarin diger kodlara gore kullanimini daha one cikarmistir. Bu nedenle 5G sistemlerinde kutupsal kod kullanimi cogu arastirmacinin ilgisini cekmektedir. Bu calismada Toplamsal Beyaz Gauss Gurultusu (AWGN), Ikili Simetrik Kanal (BSC) ve Ikili Silen Kanal (BEC) kanallari uzerinden kutupsal kodlarin iletimi incelenmistir. Kutupsal kodlarin kod cozme islemi cok farkli yontemle yapilabilmektedir. Bu calismada en yaygin 4 yontem incelenmistir. Bu yontemlerin Blok Hata Orani BLER’a ve sistemin karmasikligina gore karislastirmasi yapilmistir.
Connecting Direct Effects of CO2 Radiative Forcing to Ocean Heat Uptake and Circulation

The ocean's response to direct atmospheric effects of increased carbon dioxide's (CO2) radiative forcing is examined. These direct effects are defined as the climate changes that result from forcing on a fast time scale of about a year, independent of the slower surface warming that the forcing also provokes. To evaluate how these direct effects impact ocean heat uptake and circulation, output of atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) simulations are used to force an ocean GCM with comprehensive boundary conditions. Perturbation simulations with the prescribed response to a quadrupling of atmospheric CO2 include altered surface winds, freshwater fluxes, downwelling shortwave radiation, and downwelling longwave cloud radiative effect. The perturbation simulations show that the intensification and poleward shift of surface winds, particularly in the Southern Ocean, strengthen the shallow overturning circulation in the tropical Pacific and deep overturning in the Atlantic. This, in turn, has a cooling effect on the global ocean at shallow depths. A two‐layer energy balance model, designed to capture transient global mean climate change, is adapted to account for the altered ocean heat uptake from direct effects. The direct change in global mean ocean heat uptake is a decrease of about 0.3 W/m2 for quadrupling of CO2, offsetting about 5% of the surface longwave forcing.
Properties of filaments in solar cycle 20-23 from McIntosh Archive

A filament is a cool, dense structure suspended in the solar corona. The eruption of a filament is often associated with a coronal mass ejection (CME), which has an adverse effect on space weather. Hence, research on filaments has attracted much attention in the recent past. The tilt angle of active region (AR) magnetic bipoles is a crucial parameter in the context of the solar dynamo, which governs the conversion efficiency of the toroidal magnetic field to poloidal magnetic field. Filaments always form over polarity inversion lines (PILs), so the study of tilt angles for these filaments can provide valuable information about generation of a magnetic field in the Sun. We investigate the tilt angles of filaments and other properties using McIntosh Archive data. We fit a straight line to each filament to estimate its tilt angle. We examine the variation of mean tilt angle with time. The latitude distribution of positive tilt angle filaments and negative tilt angle filaments reveals that there is a dominance of positive tilt angle filaments in the southern hemisphere and negative tilt angle filaments dominate in the northern hemisphere. We study the variation of the mean tilt angle for low and high latitudes separately. Investigations of temporal variation with filament number indicate that total filament number and low latitude filament number vary cyclically, in phase with the solar cycle. There are fewer filaments at high latitudes and they also show a cyclic pattern in temporal variation. We also study the north-south asymmetry of filaments with different latitude criteria.
Compact Wideband Folded Dipole Antenna With Multi-Resonant Modes

A compact and wideband folded dipole antenna with multi-resonant modes is presented in this paper. Three resonant modes are obtained by using a modified planar folded dipole and its coupled feeding structure. Incorporating the shorting pins and parasitic patches, multiple resonant modes in the antenna are manipulated, shifted, and then combined to increase the impedance bandwidth. Using this concept, a prototype of a multi-mode folded dipole is designed, fabricated, and measured. The experimental results show that the proposed antenna achieves a bandwidth of 80% from 1.57 to 3.68 GHz, while occupying a compact size of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.3\lambda _{0}\times 0.15\lambda _{0}\times 0.05\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the wavelength in free space at the lowest operating frequency). Furthermore, a simple and effective design to achieve good omnidirectional radiation performance is developed by placing two proposed folded dipoles back to back. The antenna exhibits a flat gain variation of less than 1.27 dB over a broad bandwidth (82%) in the horizontal plane. Such a compact, wideband, planar antenna is a promising candidate for indoor signal coverage, wireless access points, and micro base stations in 2G/3G/4G/5G and WLAN/WiMAX wireless communication systems.
One hyperspectral object detection algorithm for solving spectral variability problems of the same object in different conditions

Abstract. Object detection from hyperspectral images (HSIs) is an important issue but encounters a critical challenge that results in poor detection due to the variation of the detection object spectrum. Especially when the detection object area is large and widely distributed in HSIs, such spectral variability becomes more serious. Spectral variability can make false detection and leak detection in object detection very serious. The constrained energy minimization (CEM) algorithm is a classical object detection algorithm that only needs the object prior spectrum to achieve object detection, but the spectral variability will have a detrimental effect on the detection results of the CEM algorithm. To address the above problems, we propose a multiobject subspace projection sample weighted CEM (MSPSW-CEM) algorithm. The proposed method has the following capabilities: (1) it constructs object subspaces and detectors using multiple prior spectra of the detection object under spectral variability conditions and (2) it utilizes the subspace projection theory to weight the pixel spectra, so that the detector can better suppress the background information and highlight the object information. Extensive experiments were carried out on two sets of real-world HSIs, and it was found that MSPSW-CEM generally showed a better detection performance than other object detection methods.
Overview of the TREC 2006 Question Answering Track 99

The TREC 2006 question answering (QA) track contained two tasks: the main task and the complex, interactive question answering (ciQA) task. As in 2005, the main task consisted of series of factoid, list, and “Other” questions organized around a set of targets; in contrast to previous years, the evaluation of factoid and list responses distinguished between answers that were globally correct (with respect to the document collection), and those that were only locally correct (with respect to the supporting document). The ciQA task provided a framework for participants to investigate interaction in the context of complex information needs, and was a blend of the TREC 2005 QA relationship task and the TREC 2005 HARD track. Multiple assessors were used to judge the importance of information nuggets used to evaluate the responses to ciQA and “Other” questions, resulting in an evaluation that is more stable and discriminative than one that uses only a single assessor to judge nugget importance.
An iteration regularizaion method with general convex penalty for nonlinear inverse problems in Banach spaces

In this paper, we discuss the construction, analysis and implementation of a novel iterative regularization scheme with general convex penalty term for nonlinear inverse problems in Banach spaces based on the homotopy perturbation technique, in an attempt to detect the special features of the sought solutions such as sparsity or piecewise constant. By using tools from convex analysis in Banach spaces, we provide a detailed convergence and stability results for the presented algorithm. Numerical simulations for one-dimensional and two-dimensional parameter identification problems are performed to validate that our approach is competitive in terms of reducing the overall computational time in comparison with the existing Landweber iteration with general convex penalty.
High-Fidelity Single-Qubit Gates Via Strongly Driving of a Double Quantum Dot Hybrid Qubit with $1/f$ Charge Noise

Semiconductor double quantum dot hybrid qubits are promising candidates for high-fidelity quantum computing. However, their performance is limited by charge noise, which is ubiquitous in solid-state devices, and phonon-induced dephasing. Here we explore methods for improving the quantum operations of a hybrid qubit, using strong microwave driving to enable gate operations that are much faster than decoherence processes. Using numerical simulations and a theoretical method based on a cumulant expansion, we analyze qubit dynamics in the presence of $1/f$ charge noise, which forms the dominant decoherence mechanism in many solid-state devices. We show that, while strong-driving effects and charge noise both reduce the quantum gate fidelity, simple pulse-shaping techniques effectively suppress the strong-driving effects. Moreover, a broad AC sweet spot emerges when the detuning parameter and the tunneling coupling are driven simultaneously. Taking into account phonon-mediated noise, we find that it should be possible to achieve $X_{\pi}$ gates with fidelities higher than $99.9\%$.
Resonance Tunneling in Concentric Quantum Rings

In the present work, the phenomenon known as resonance tunneling due to the presents of a magnetic field perpendicular to the surface of double concentric rings (DCQR) is presented. It has shown that in the weakly coupled DCQR, that has been placed in transverse magnetic field, the electron spatial transition between the rings can occur due to electron level anti-crossing. Resonance tunneling in nano-structures has been of great interest. The ratio of these currents was determined, and the resonance energy and corresponding magnetic field strength were calculated. It will be shown that there are two types current peak: one is associate with anti-crossing and the other is true current resonance. Such results will be useful in cryptography, optics, and quantum computing.
The grammar of temporal motion: A Cognitive Grammar account of motion metaphors of time

Abstract Recent groundbreaking work in cognitive linguistics has revealed the semantic complexity of motion metaphors of time and of temporal frames of reference. In most approaches the focus has been on the clause-level metaphorical meaning of expressions, such as Moving Ego (We are approaching the end of the year) and Moving Time (both Ego-centered, as in The end of the year is approaching and field-based, as in Boxing Day follows Christmas Day). The detailed grammatical structure of these metaphorical expressions, on the other hand, has received less attention. Such details include both elements that contribute to the metaphorical meaning and those that have a non-metaphorical temporal function, e. g. , tense and (central features of) aspect. I propose a model for the analysis of metaphorical expressions, building on earlier work in Conceptual Metaphor Theory and the framework of Cognitive Grammar (CG). I approach the grammatical structure of metaphorical expressions by analyzing the interplay between veridical and metaphorical systems of expressing temporal relations. I argue that these systems relate to two relevant conceptualizations of time. Veridical time (VT) is the non-metaphorical conceptualization of time, where the processual profile of the clause-level metaphorical expression resides. A metaphorical path (MP) is the metaphorical conceptualization of time as a path occupied by the metaphorical motion. A motion metaphor of time tracks the mover’s changing position on the MP against VT. I show how metaphorical expressions based on a motion verb differ from those based on a prepositional construction in grammatical and semantic terms, and how tense and aspect contribute to the conceptualization of the motion scenario. I argue that tense grounds the metaphorical motion event with respect to the speech event. All the participants in the motion event, as well as the metaphorical path itself, are present in each subsequent configuration tracked against VT by the conceptualizer. Thus tense has a wide scope over the motion scenario with Ego’s ‘now’ as a reference point, while Ego’s ‘now’ cannot serve for grounding of tense. This is why expressions such as *The meeting is difficult ahead of us are not acceptable.
Low Level Verification

Low Level Verification (LLV) is a user-driven software verification system focused on proving properties of C-style computer programs. The system is introduced in multiple parts, starting with a thorough description of the syntax and operational semantics of LLV code. The LLV execution language is presented as a simplified version of C/C++, in which data types and object constructs have been removed. The machine level implementation of LLV is not specified within the scope of this paper. Instead, the conceptual operation of the execution environment is described in a way that is easy for the reader to understand. Using this core language as a base, LLV defines propositional logic and proof rules as tools for verification. The user may write theorems to describe the behavior of any given section of code. In LLV, a theorem specifies a conclusion in the form of propositional logic, and can be verified by a user-created proof. The LLV proof language includes all the rules available for formulating and constructing such proofs. In addition, cases requiring inductive reasoning (such as a recursive function) can be handled by a single unified approach through use of the induction proof rule. The LLV system also provides the user with other important features, such as an automatic arithmetic equation solver to handle trivial inferences. Using this as well as other tactics, LLV is presented as a method for reasoning about low level code in an efficient manner. Type of Report: MS Thesis Department of Computer Science & Engineering Washington University in St. Louis Campus Box 1045 St. Louis, MO 63130 ph: (314) 935-6160 WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LOW LEVEL VERIFICATION by Andrew J. Reynolds Prepared under the direction of Professor Aaron Stump A thesis presented to the School of Engineering at Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE May 2008 Saint Louis, Missouri WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING