Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Water and heat availability are drivers of the aboveground plant carbon accumulation rate in alpine grasslands on the Tibetan Plateau

Aim Climate change is expected to have important effects on plant phenology and carbon storage, with further shifts predicted in the future. Therefore, we proposed the community carbon accumulation rate (CAR) from the start of the growing season (SOS) to the peak of the growing season (POS) to fill the gap that the dynamic interactions between plant phenology and plant carbon research. Location Tibetan Plateau. Major taxa Alpine grassland plants. Time period 2015. Methods We conducted a transect survey across grasslands to measure community aboveground net primary production and carbon concentration. Additionally, phenology indicator data (SOS and POS) were extracted from the Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) normalized difference vegetation index version 3 database. Next, we used 'changepoint' analysis to detect the patterns of CARs, and performed linear regression and one-way ANOVA to explore the variability of CARs in response to the environmental factors. Ultimately, the total effects of environmental factors on CARs were illustrated by a structural equation model. Results Our results indicated that three CAR patterns were detected, which are low-CAR (0.15 g/m(2)/day), medium-CAR (0.31 g/m(2)/day) and high-CAR (0.84 g/m(2)/day) patterns. We found that the availabilities of water and heat mediated CARs by regulating soil nutrition variability, and that drought climate and insufficient soil resources co-constrained the community CAR at long time-scales. In contrast, high CAR could be explained by more water and heat availability via either direct or indirect effects on soil moisture and soil nutrients. Main conclusions Our findings highlight that water and heat availability are critical driving factors in ecological carbon accumulation processes undergoing climate change. Meanwhile, the vegetative phenology also has important effect on carbon accumulation. Consequently, we propose incorporating the dynamic interactions between plant phenology and plant carbon into the ecological carbon cycle model to improve our understanding of resource utilization and survival strategies of plants under environmental change.
Actividad citotóxica y antiinflamatoria in vitro de las hojas de once morfotipos de Bixa orellana L.

The objective was to determine in vitro cytotoxic and antiinflammatory activity of leaves of eleven morphotypes of Bixa Orellana L. Sheets collected and conditioned, dried in dehumidifier at 35 °C for six days, then micropulverized. ACIT was determined on nauplii of Artemia franciscana at concentrations of 0,001, 0,01, 0,1 and 1 mg/mL; LC50 was obtained through probit analysis. AAI was by protecting plasma membranes in human red blood cells at concentrations of 1, 10, 100, 1000 g/mL by measuring 540 nm absorbance to obtain porcentaje inhibition and IC50 was determined by dose-response curve. It was concluded that all morphotypes have no in vitro cytotoxic activity on nauplii of Artemia franciscana, since they have CL50 > 1000 �g/mL and in the antiinflammatory activity the best activity was morphotype 9 with an IC50 = 0,14 ug/mL; followed by morphotype 11 IC50 = 0,16 mg/mL; morphotype 10 with an IC50 = 0,18 g/mL; morphotype 7 with an IC50 = 0,43 g; type 0,5081 g/mL and morphotype 5 with an IC50 = 0,87 g/mL.
La utilidad de la mascarilla laríngea en comparación con el tubo endotraqueal en anestesia para mastectomía

Objetivo: Comparamos la utilidad de la mascarilla laríngea (ML) vs tubo endotraqueal (TE) para el manejo de la vía aérea en pacientes sometidas a mastectomía. Material y métodos: Se estudiaron un total de 207 pacientes sometidas a mastectomía radical modificada, con estado físico del ASA I a III, divididas en dos grupos: el grupo I: ML 104 pacientes y el grupo II: TE 103 pacientes. Ambos grupos fueron manejados con anestesia general balanceada con sevoflurano, fentanyl y vecuronio. La ventilación fue mantenida con circuito semicerrado con ventilación mecánica controlada. Resultados de las 104 pacientes del grupo I (ML): en 7 fue difícil la colocación y en una imposible, por fuga durante la ventilación, por lo que fue necesario la intubación traqueal; el dolor en la faringe se presentó en el 10% de las pacientes. En el grupo II (TE) 103 pacientes, se encontró dificultad para la intubación en 17 pacientes, entre las cuales en 2 fue necesario utilizar fibrolaringoscopía; el dolor en la faringe se presentó en el 55% de las pacientes (p < 0.05). En la colocación de TE se encontró aumento de la frecuencia cardíaca con diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p < 0.05). El consumo de medicamentos fue menor en el grupo de ML con significancia estadística para el vecuronio (p < 0.05). Conclusión: El uso de la ML en pacientes sometidas a mastectomía es útil y seguro, presenta ventajas sobre el TE, notamos una gran utilidad en el uso de la ML en este tipo de cirugías, en donde la probabilidad de complicación es mínima y las pacientes se van a su domicilio con menos molestias por el manejo de vía aérea.
Oral disorders in patients with chronic renal failure. Narrative review.

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is one of the best known renal diseases. It is characterized by a deterioration in the overall renal function and is associated with other conditions such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, uropathy, chronic glomerulonephritis and autoimmune diseases. Patients with CRF show alterations of the masticatory system that are specific to the disease and other type of disorders as a result of treatment. Oral health in dialysis and transplant patients tends to be poor, which makes them more likely to develop pathological conditions in the oral cavity, potentially increasing morbidity, mortality and affecting the quality of life of patients. Among the lesions we can find dysgeusia, periodontitis, candidiasis, gingival bleeding, petechiae, and joint alterations. Gingivitis and xerostomia associated to long-term use medications can cause oral lesions. Children with CRF show two oral conditions of interest: high incidence of dental anomalies and low caries activity. In patients receiving a kidney transplant, previous dental treatment is critical because the immune status of the patient will be affected not only by the toxemia, but by the immunosuppressive drugs used to prevent organ rejection. Therefore, the dentist plays an important role in training parents and/or guardians, doctors and paramedics on the treatment of oral lesions in these patients.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REACTIONS INDUCED BY ALPHA-LOBELIN I. INTRAVENOUS INJECTIONS DURING ANESTHESIA AND CERTAIN OTHER FORMS OF DEPRESSION

1. Alpha-lobelin is one of four alkaloids of Lobelia-inflata which have been isolated and whose chemical composition seems well established. 2. The work here reported deals with the action of intravenous injections of alpha-lobelin in the dog, cat, monkey, rabbit and man, in conditions of depression due to amytal, morphine, veronal, ether, carbon monoxide (illuminating gas), carbon dioxide and increased intracranial pressure. 3. The action of alpha-lobelin on the respiration and on arterial pressure as reported by previous investigators is in the main confirmed. 4. The respiration can be markedly, even tremendously, increased in the intact animal or in man, in light and in moderate anesthesia. Marked individual differences in the degree of response are seen. The respiratory effects are of brief duration. 5. Arterial pressure can also be raised in a striking manner and maintained at a level above the original one for as long as six minutes or more in animals depressed to certain degrees. 6. In deeply depressed animals, arterial pressure can be lowered by doses of alpha-lobelin which in lesser degrees of depression stimulate respiration and raise the pressure. In these animals the respiratory stimulation is likely to be slight or to fail altogether. 7. The extent and duration of the pressure fall vary with the size of the dose of lobelin and depth of anesthesia. A fall of pressure that is fatal can easily be obtained. 8. The reactions responsible for this effect are discussed and the danger of intravenous injections of alpha-lobelin is emphasized. 9. There is a striking similarity between the action of alpha-lobelin and adrenine as regards (a) the respiration, (b) the blood pressure effects of the two substances, and (c) their hyperglucemic effects, which have not been hitherto described in relation to lobelin. The relation of these various actions of adrenine and lobein are discussed. 10. The side actions and toxicity of alpha-lobelin are briefly considered.
Re-engineering E. coli for in vivo production of fluorometabolites

Fluorinated products are widely used in pharmaceutical and agrochemical applications where a large portion of the commercial compounds being developed contain at least one atom of uorine. Most of the conventional uorination reactions require volatile chemicals and are highly exothermic requiring controlled procedures which are rather costly, produce low yields and exhibit low selectivity of the moiety accepting uorine. As a result, much attention has been drawn on enzymatic uorination in a quest to ameliorate these issues. The only characterized enzyme that mediates direct uorination is the 5'uoro5'-deoxyadenosine (5'-FDA) synthase (a.k.a. uorinase), which uptakes an S adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) molecule and a uorine atom as substrates and yields 5'-FDA and methionine. Variants of this enzyme have been extensively studied structurally and functionally with in vitro assays and they exhibit very high homology, and a similarly slow activity. In this work, a bacterial in vivo bioreactor is presented, based on a variant of the enzyme, which is found in Streptomyces sp. MA37 (FlA1). The base host that has been chosen for the implementation of modi cations is Escherichia coli BL21(DE3), which is a host of choice for the over-expression of recombinant proteins and in some occasions utilized for the construction of novelty bioreactors. In the case of enzymatic uorination, a few challenges had to be addressed.
Inheritance of Gene Conferring Resistance to Rust (Melampsora lini) Disease of Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) in North West Himalayas

Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) belongs to the genus Linum is one of the earliest crop cultivated for its seeds and fibre. Almost every part of the linseed plant is utilized commercially either directly or after processing. Being an important oilseed crop, its average productivity in India is very low, because of various factors viz., narrow genetic base, non-availability of high yielding varieties and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, etc.
Otolith-based growth reconstructions in young-of-year Atlantic silversides Menidia menidia and their implications for sex-selective survival

We examined the utility of otolith microstructure analysis in young-of-year (YoY) Atlantic silversides Menidia menidia, an important annual forage fish species along the North American Atlantic coast. We first compared the known hatch window of a local population (Long Island Sound, USA) to otolith-derived hatch distributions, finding that YoY collected in October were reliably aged, whereas survivors from November and December were progressively underaged, likely due to the onset of winter ring formation. In all collections, males outnumbered fe males, and both sexes had bimodal size distributions. However, while small and large females were almost evenly represented (~60 and ~40%, respectively), over 94% of all males belonged to the small size group. We then examined increment widths as proxies for somatic growth, which suggested that bimodal size distributions resulted from 2 distinct slowand fast-growing YoY phenotypes. Length back-calculations of October YoY confirmed this, because fastand slow-growing phenotypes arose within common bi-weekly hatch intervals. We concluded that the partial sexual size dimorphism in this population resulted largely from sex-specific growth differences and not primarily from earlier female than male hatch dates, as predicted by the well-studied phenomenon of temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) in this species. Furthermore, observed sex ratios were considerably less male-biased than reconstructed thermal histories and published laboratory TSD values predicted. Assuming that selective mortality is generally biased against slower growing individuals, this process would predominantly remove male silversides from the population and explain the more balanced sex ratios at the end of the growing season.
Effect of date fruit supplemented diet on serum lipidemic and oxidative stress biomarkers in rodent experimental modelling

The present work was designed to explore the functionality of Pakistani date cultivar (Zahidi) against atherogenic diet induced oxidative stress. The bioefficacy assessment of Zahidi date fruit and extract was carried out via model feeding trial. The rats (Sprague Dawley) were divided into two broad categories; one fed with normal diet, whereas the other was fed with atherogenic diet to induce oxidative stress. The formulated groups were G(1) (normal diet), G(2) (date fruit + normal diet), G(3) (date extract + normal diet), G(4) (atherogenic diet), G(5) (date fruit + atherogenic diet) and G(6) (date extract + atherogenic diet). The results showed that date fruit reduced 3.65% senun cholesterol in normal rats, and 15.14% in atherogenic rats, while, the date extract treatment resulted in 4.49 and 18.55% reduction in normal and atherogenic rats, respectively. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol reduced by 8.66 and 11.55% in date fruit and date extract fed normal rats. respectively, while 21.05 and 25.98% reductions were noted in the atherogenic groups fed with date fruit and date extract, respectively. To assess the extent of cardiac risk in the subjects, several atherogenic ratios were calculated based on the serum lipid parameters. The analysis showed that atherogenic diet groups were at higher risk than the normal ones, and that date fruit and extract containing functional diets effectively ameliorated the elevated risk ratios. The date fruit and extract-based diets intensified serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels throughout the study up to 29.05 and 27.99%, respectively. Date fruit effectively lowered lipid peroxidation by 13.64 and 33.67% in normal and atherogenic rats, respectively. Conclusively, date fruit and extract treatment proved effectual in modulating the serum lipid profile and effectively restored the SOD and CAT levels alongside reducing the lipid peroxidation. (C) All Rights Reserved
Identification of scavenger receptor B1 as the airway microfold cell receptor for Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) can enter the body through multiple routes, including via specialized transcytotic cells called microfold cells (M cell). However, the mechanistic basis for M cell entry remains undefined. Here, we show that M cell transcytosis depends on the Mtb Type VII secretion machine and its major virulence factor EsxA. We identify scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1) as an EsxA receptor on airway M cells. SR-B1 is required for Mtb binding to and translocation across M cells in mouse and human tissue. Together, our data demonstrate a previously undescribed role for Mtb EsxA in mucosal invasion and identify SR-B1 as the airway M cell receptor for Mtb.
DHHC20 palmitoyl-transferase reshapes the membrane to foster catalysis

Cysteine palmitoylation, a form of S-acylation, is a key post-translational modification in cellular signaling. This type of reversible lipidation is catalyzed by a family of integral membrane proteins known as DHHC acyltransferases. The first step in the S-acylation process is the recognition of free acyl-CoA from the lipid bilayer. The DHHC enzyme then becomes auto-acylated, at a site defined by a conserved Asp-His-His-Cys motif. This reaction entails ionization of the catalytic Cys. Intriguingly, in known DHHC structures this catalytic Cys appears to be exposed to the hydrophobic interior of the lipid membrane, which would be highly unfavorable for a negatively charged nucleophile, thus hindering auto-acylation. Here, we use biochemical and computational methods to reconcile these seemingly contradicting facts. First, we experimentally demonstrate that human DHHC20 is active when reconstituted in POPC nanodiscs. Microsecond-long all-atom molecular dynamics simulations are then calculated for hDHHC20 and for different acyl-CoA forms, also in POPC. Strikingly, we observe that hDHHC20 induces a drastic deformation in the membrane, particularly on the cytoplasmic side where auto-acylation occurs. As a result, the catalytic Cys becomes hydrated and optimally positioned to encounter the cleavage site in acyl-CoA. In summary, we hypothesize that DHHC enzymes locally reshape the membrane to foster a morphology that is specifically adapted for acyl-CoA recognition and auto-acylation. Significance Statement Palmitoylation, the most common form of S-acylation and the only reversible type of protein lipidation, is ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells. In humans, for example, it has been estimated that as much as ∼10% of the proteome becomes palmitoylated, i.e. thousands of proteins. Accordingly, protein palmitoylation touches every important aspect of human physiology, both in health and disease. Despite its biological and biomedical importance, little is known about the molecular mechanism of the enzymes that catalyze this post-translational modification, known as DHHC acyltransferases. Here, we leverage the recently-determined atomic-resolution structure of human DHHC20 to gain novel insights into the mechanism of this class of enzymes, using both experimental and computational approaches.
Leadership, communication, and teamwork: differences between high and low performing nursing homes

This comparative case study explored how the interplay among leadership, communication, and teamwork differed between a highest and lowest performing nursing home (NH). Secondary data were used from a previous AHRQ intervention study to explore the impact of technology and focused quality improvement teams on medication safety practices in five Midwestern NHs. Study findings suggest nursing leadership played a critical role in influencing communication and teamwork among members of the team. Nursing leadership in the highest performing NH encouraged open communication at the formation of the team which led team members to share their diverse perspectives. An understanding of diverse perspectives, in turn, led to a cohesive, goal directed team environment where effective problem solving occurred. As the team evolved, nursing leadership engaged all members of the team by seeking team member input and feedback to identify and solve problems, and as a result, team members became empowered to influence change. Additionally, the introduction of accurate and timely feedback data further supported team efforts to facilitate improvement. In contrast, nursing leadership in the lowest performing NH discouraged open communication at the formation of the team, and as a result, team members were unable to establish a cohesive relationship which impeded
Mammary epithelial cells have lineage-restricted metabolic identities

Cancer metabolism adapts the metabolic network of its tissue-of-origin. However, breast cancer is not a disease of a singular origin. Multiple epithelial populations serve as the culprit cell-of-origin for specific breast cancer subtypes, yet knowledge surrounding the metabolic network of normal mammary epithelial cells is limited. Here, we show that mammary populations have cell type-specific metabolic programs. Primary human breast cell proteomes of basal, luminal progenitor, and mature luminal populations revealed their unique enrichment of metabolic proteins. Luminal progenitors had higher abundance of electron transport chain subunits and capacity for oxidative phosphorylation, whereas basal cells were more glycolytic. Targeting oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis with inhibitors exposed distinct metabolic vulnerabilities of the mammary lineages. Computational analysis indicated that breast cancer subtypes retain metabolic features of their putative cell-of-origin. Lineage-restricted metabolic identities of normal mammary cells partly explain breast cancer metabolic heterogeneity and rationalize targeting subtype-specific metabolic vulnerabilities to advance breast cancer therapy.
Storage root yield of sweetpotato as influenced by sweetpotato leaf curl virus and its interaction with sweetpotato feathery mottle virus, and sweetpotato chlorotic stunt virus in Kenya

The effect of a Kenyan strain of sweetpotato leaf curl virus (SPLCV) and its interactions with sweetpotato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV), and sweetpotato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV) on root yield was determined. Trials were performed during two seasons using varieties contrasting in their resistance to sweetpotato virus disease, ‘Kakamega’ and ‘Ejumula’, in a randomized complete block design with sixteen treatments replicated three times. The treatments included plants graft inoculated with SPLCV, SPFMV and SPCSV alone and in possible dual or triple combinations. Yield and yield related parameters were evaluated at harvest. Results showed marked differences in the effect of SPLCV infection on the two varieties: ‘Ejumula’, which is susceptible to SPFMV and SPCSV, suffered no significant yield loss from SPLCV infection, whereas ‘Kakamega’, which is more resistant to SPFMV and SPCSV, suffered an average of 47% yield loss, despite only mild symptoms occurring in both varieties. These results highlight the variability in sensitivity to SPLCV between sweetpotato cultivars as well as a lack of correlation of SPLCV related symptoms with susceptibility to the virus. In addition, they underline the lack of correlation between resistance to the RNA viruses SPCSV and SPFMV and DNA virus SPLCV.
Efficacy of Counseling on Self-care Behavior of Diabetic Patients with Fasting Plasma Glucose over 140 mg/dl

The objective of this quasi-experimental study was to determine the effects of counseling on self-care behavior among diabetic patients in Nongpok Community Hospital, Roi Et Province. The subjects included 30 diabetic out-patients with a fasting plasma glucose level > 140 mg/dl who were selected by purposive sampling from those attending the diabetic clinic and agreed to participate in the study. They received counseling on self-care issues in respect of food modification, treatment and drug use, foot care, emotional control, prevention of complications, and proper exercise. Data on self-care behavior, fasting plasma glucose, and body mass index were obtained from the participants before and three months after the program ended. Percentage and mean were used for descriptive analysis; Pearson’s correlation, chi-square test or paired t-test were used to determine the association between data before and after the program. The results showed the mean scores of self-care behavior following the counseling program were significantly higher than those obtained on commencing the program, and the levels of fasting plasma glucose were significantly reduced after the counseling program. The body mass index of the patients, however, remained unchanged. Counseling on self-care behavior may be advocated for use in diabetic patients.