Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive time-resolved MRI of peripheral vascular malformations.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of MRI and MR angiography for the assessment of peripheral vascular malformations compared with the usefulness of conventional duplex sonography, venography, and arteriography. SUBJECTS AND METHODS. Nineteen patients (age range, 8-64 years; 11 males and eight females) with clinically diagnosed or suspected angiodyplastic abnormalities of the extremities were examined on a 1.5-T whole-body MR scanner. Using parameters based on a fast localizer sequence, we acquired transverse or coronal T1-, T2-, short tau inversion recovery (STIR), and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images. Dynamic contrast-enhanced three-dimensional (3D) gradient-echo MRIs were acquired to determine the extent and type of the arteriovenous malformation for each patient. MR data sets were evaluated for lesion depiction, determination of the extent of the malformation, involvement of neighboring structures, vascular detail, and treatment planning. Results were compared with findings from duplex sonography, venography, and intraarterial digital subtraction angiography. RESULTS All MRIs were of diagnostic quality and revealed 12 venous vascular malformations, four arteriovenous malformations, and three hemangiomas. The STIR sequence was helpful for determining the extent of the vascular malformation, which was often underestimated using contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiography alone, whereas dynamic contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiography was required for classifying the type of the lesion. MR angiography was inferior to conventional angiography for revealing vascular detail and for planning intervention. CONCLUSION MRI and MR angiography appear to be valuable for the assessment of vascular malformations of the extremities. The protocol for imaging such malformations should combine dynamic contrast-enhanced 3D gradient-echo MRI with STIR sequences. However, digital subtraction angiography and venography are still required for definitive treatment decisions.
Surgical aspects of Clostridium dufficile colitis

Sir The Review by Messrs Bradbury and Barrett (Br J Surg 1997; 84: 150-9) clearly explains surgical aspects of Clostridium difficile colitis. It fails, however, to report two simple and well documented approaches to prevention of C. difficile infection, both of which we have implemented in Exeter, UK. First, patients receiving antibiotics for more than 48 h and patients with diarrhoea awaiting results of a C. difficile toxin test, are commenced prophylactically on Phillip’s Brewer’s Yeast (two tablets, four times per day, Phillip’s Yeast Products, London, UK). Brewer’s Yeast contains the dead form of Saccharomyces cereviseae (synonymous with Saccharomyces boulardii) which probably acts by altering bowel flora, binding C. difficile toxin and increasing local immunoglobulin A production. Several publications recommend its use and the only reported side-effect in immunocompetent patients is that some find it unpalatable’~z. The cost of Brewer’s Yeast is about three pence per patient per day. Second, live yoghurt, which contains Bifidobacteria, is now supplied by the hospital for all patients except those with neutropenia. Bifidobacterium longum is part of the normal human intestinal microflora and, when administered as biotherapy, it is thought to re-equilibrate intestinal flora”s4. These simple and inexpensive measures are safe and easy to implement. We believe that they may encourage the return of normal bowel flora in patients on surgical wards which should protect against overgrowth of gut pathogens such as C. difficile.
Transoral resection of tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma

The tonsillar fossa is the most common subsite of the oropharynx to be afflicted with squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA). Accepted treatments include any combination of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. We review the oncologic and functional outcomes of patients with tonsillar carcinoma who underwent transoral tumor resection and neck dissection with or without postoperative radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy.
Rotation sensing based on the symmetry properties of an open-ended microstrip line loaded with a split ring resonator

This paper proposes the principle for rotation sensing based on an open-ended microstrip line loaded with a split ring resonator (SRR). It is shown that the variations in the depth of the resonance notch in the reflection coefficient of the structure can be used to sense the rotation angle of the SRR. This effect arises from the rotation-induced break of symmetry for the geometry. The proposed sensor benefits from a compact size and a higher dynamic range compared to previously published rotation sensors based on depth of notch. The sensor also benefits from immunity to the environmental changes such as temperature variations.
Pronethalol in Treatment of Ventricular Arrhythmias During Anaesthesia

Ventricular extrasystoles often occur during surgery and may be due to a direct effect of the anaesthetic on the heart or, more commonly, to endogenous adrenaline release in response to the stimulus of carbon-dioxide retention. Such irregularities may also develop if adrenaline is used for infiltration during anaesthesia with such drugs as chloroform and cyclopropane. Other reported causes of ventricular irregularities include exposure and handling of the heart, total body-cooling, surgical interference with the sympathetic nervous system such as the mobilization of a phaeochromocytoma, and certain manipulations such as traction on viscera. Although the risk of disturbances of cardiac rhythm progressing to ventricular fibrillation is difficult to assess, most anaesthetists accept the possibility and would welcome a drug capable of controlling ventricular arrhythmias. In 1962 Black and Stephenson introduced a specific adrenergic 8-receptor antagonist, pronethalol, which blocked the cardiac effects of both catecholamine release and sympathetic stimulation and which had no intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. The present study was undertaken to test the ability of this drug to control cardiac irregularities occurring under anaesthesia.
Ice Initiation by Aerosol Particles: Measured and Predicted Ice Nuclei Concentrations versus Measured Ice Crystal Concentrations in an Orographic Wave Cloud

The initiation of ice in an isolated orographic wave cloud was compared with expectations based on ice nucleating aerosol concentrations and with predictions from new ice nucleation parameterizations applied in a cloud parcel model. Measurements of ice crystal number concentrations were found to be in good agreement both with measured number concentrations of ice nuclei feeding the clouds and with ice nuclei number concentrations determined from the residual nuclei of cloud particles collected by a counterflow virtual impactor. Using lognormal distributions fitted to measured aerosol size distributions and measured aerosol chemical compositions, ice nuclei and ice crystal concentrations in the wave cloud were reasonably well predicted in a 1D parcel model framework. Two different empirical parameterizations were used in the parcel model: a parameterization based on aerosol chemical type and surface area and a parameterization that links ice nuclei number concentrations to the number concentrations of particles with diameters larger than 0.5 μm. This study shows that aerosol size distribution and composition measurements can be used to constrain ice initiation by primary nucleation in models. The data and model results also suggest the likelihood that the dust particle mode of the aerosol size distribution controls the number concentrations of the heterogeneous ice nuclei, at least for the lower temperatures examined in this case.
HIV-1 infection in Zambian children impairs the development and avidity maturation of measles virus-specific immunoglobulin G after vaccination and infection.

BACKGROUND Endemic transmission of measles continues in many countries that have a high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) burden. The effects that HIV infection has on immune responses to measles and to measles vaccine can impact measles elimination efforts. Assays to measure antibody include the enzyme immunoassay (EIA), which measures immunoglobulin G (IgG) to all measles virus (MV) proteins, and the plaque reduction neutralization (PRN) assay, which measures antibody to the hemagglutinin and correlates with protection. Antibody avidity may affect neutralizing capacity. METHODS HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected Zambian children were studied after measles vaccination (n=44) or MV infection (n=57). Laboratory or wild-type MV strains were used to infect Vero or Vero/signaling lymphocyte-activation molecule (SLAM) cells in PRN assays. IgG to MV was measured by EIA, and avidity was determined by ammonium thiocyanate dissociation. RESULTS HIV infection impaired EIA IgG responses after vaccination and measles but not PRN responses measured using laboratory-adapted MV. Avidity was lower among HIV-infected children 3 months after vaccination and 1 and 3 months after measles. Neutralization of wild-type MV infection of Vero/SLAM cells correlated with IgG avidity. CONCLUSION Lower antibody quality and quantity in HIV-infected children after measles vaccination raise challenges for assuring the long-term protection of these children. Antibody quality in children receiving antiretroviral therapy requires assessment.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PREDICTIVE CONTROLLERS ON THE RECTIFIER AND QUASI IMPEDANCE-SOURCE INVERTER IN A WIND ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM BASED ON PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR

Two controllers are proposed in this paper. These controllers have been designed and implemented on the rectifier and quasi impedance-source inverter (QZSI) in the wind energy conversion system based on permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). Model based predictive control strategy (MBPC) has been used at the proposed design for both controllers. Control of parameters such as load current, inductor current and capacitor voltage are the major aim of design of predictive controllers; hence; two cost function (CF) are employed to realize this subject which in those exist objective controls. The MATLAB-simulation and experimental results show that the predictive controllers can be robust and effective in controlling the desired parameters.
An Introduction to Black-Scholes Modeling and Numerical Methods in Derivatives Pricing

The technique of dynamic hedging, combined with the application of Ito calculus and the absence of arbitrage hypothesis, provides a methodology for the valuation of financial derivatives by models of partial differential equations of Black-Scholes type. This document is intended to summarize in a simple way the concepts and techniques used in this methodology up to get the prices of the more traditional products. The document is divided into two main parts: the models and numerical methods. Prior to both, the lognormal stochastic model for the underlying asset is briefly recalled. In the models section, first the dynamic hedging technique is described to deduce the European vanilla options pricing models and the popular Black-Scholes formula. The methodology is extended to the case of American options, Asian options and options on various assets. The modeling part concludes with the statement of bonds pricing models as an example of interest rate derivatives. Finite differences and finite elements numerical methods are first described for European and American options. Then, some indications are given about its application to Asian options and bond models. Finally, some basic ideas on the technique of Monte Carlo simulation for European options are presented. Resumen. La técnica de la cobertura dinámica, combinada con el cálculo de Ito y la hipótesis de ausencia de arbitraje, proporciona una metodoloǵıa para la valoración de derivados financieros mediante modelos de ecuaciones en derivadas parciales de tipo Black-Scholes. En este documento se pretende resumir de modo sencillo los conceptos y técnicas empleadas en esta metodoloǵıa hasta llegar a obtener los precios de los productos derivados más clásicos. El documento se divide en dos partes principales: los modelos y los métodos numéricos. Previamente a ambas, se recuerda brevemente el modelo estocástico lognormal para el subyacente. En el apartado de modelos, primero se describe la técnica de cobertura dinámica para deducir los modelos de opciones vainilla europeas y la popular fórmula de Black-Scholes. La metodoloǵıa se extiende al caso de las opciones americanas, asiáticas y sobre varios activos. Los parte de modelos termina con la valoración de bonos como ejemplo de derivados de tipos de interés. Los métodos numéricos de diferencias y elementos finitos se describen primero para opciones europeas y americanas. A continuación, se dan indicaciones sobre la aplicación a los modelos de opciones asiáticas y bonos. Finalmente, se dan algunas ideas básicas sobre la técnica de simulación de Monte Carlo para opciones europeas.
High Incidence of Myelomatosis in North-East Scotland

One hundred and fifty-three patients with myelomatosis were diagnosed in the decade 1960–69 in the North Eastern Region of Scotland (excluding Kincardine County). This incidence is higher than the incidence in Scotland as a whole. It is also higher than expected from mortality figures for the region, for Scotland and for England. The possible reason for this latter finding is discussed.
Indexing the Internet

Navigation around information resources on the Internet is assisted by browsing software such as the gopher, lynx, Mosaic and Netscape. The variety and complexity of resources has meant there have been calls for metainformation so that there are resident on the network, tools for guidance to the resources using classified or index term approaches. Searching software used in association with the browsing software has functionality that may be compared with that of vendor-operated information retrieval systems. Although this functionality is relatively limited, when used with HTML documents, relevance feedback assists retrieval via associative mechanisms. Documents published electronically using SGML standards are able to contain their own surrogates and therefore be self-indexed and self-classified by the authors, however because the author view does not necessarily represent the user view, it is still necessary to have user-oriented retrieval aids. Menu-linked approaches via gophers or via home pages constructed for WWW browsing software mean that users can superimpose their own classified view of resources. Therefore, rather than attempting an overall classification of what is on the Internet, multiple classification systems may be constructed, reflecting the orientations of the different disciplines of users. A model is suggested for construction of such classified approaches with reference to the way they may use existing retrieval systems, automatic indexing, and thesauri that have been manually or automatically constructed.
Miniaturized Peano fractal loaded monopole antenna

An effective technique to compress the height of Peano fractal loaded monopole antenna by enlarging the top-loaded pattern and loading lumped RLC elements is present. Resonant frequency of the antenna can be decreased by enlarging high order fractal pattern. The antenna can be matched to a 50-ohm coaxial line by loading lumped RLC elements without external matching. Simulation indicates that when the lateral dimension of the top increases only 50%, the electrical height of the antenna will decrease 50% than the conventional one.
Area-efficient capacitor-less LDR with enhanced transient response for SoC in 65-nm CMOS

An output capacitor-less low-dropout regulator (LDR) with enhanced transient responses for system-on-a-chip (SoC) power management applications is presented in this paper. The boosted push-pull driving capability is realized by applying a transient-adaptively-biased folded-cascode error amplifier structure with a cross-coupled output stage that achieves higher dc gain and faster slew rate. The proposed LDR is compensated by combining active feedback (AFC) and adaptively-biased damping-factor-control (DFC) effectively. The idea of the LDR is implemented with a standard 65-nm CMOS process. The on-chip compensation capacitance is only 200fF. The output is 1.0V, which delivers a maximum current of 50mA at 200mV drop-out, and the output capacitor can be as large as 100pF. Extensive simulations verify that the proposed LDR can recover from 100ns-edged 10μA-50mA load transient and 1.2V-1.8V line transient in 200ns, with much reduced over-/under-shoot at the output.
A Low Complexity scheduling of Antenna and User in Multiuser MIMO/FDD Uplink System

This paper investigates the problem of scheduling of antenna and user for the uplink MIMO/FDD system. Upper bound for sum capacity is found via considering all combinations of antenna and user. We suggest two different scheduling algorithms such as max-SNR and max-SINR that schedule user and antenna based on the instantaneous SNR and SINR of each antenna stream. The performance of sum capacity with those proposed schedulers approaches upper bound while providing the reduction of scheduling complexity.
Big Data Analysis with Dataset Scaling in Yet another Resource Negotiator (YARN)

data is exceedingly large day by day. In some organizations, there is a need to analyze and process the gigantic data. This is a big data problem often faced by these organizations. It is not possible for single machine to handle that data. So we have used Apache Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) for storage and analysis. This paper shows experimental work done on the MapReduce Application on Health sector dataset. The result shows the behavior of the MapReduce application framework to map and reduce the big volume of the data. The main problem is to check the behavior of the MapReduce applications by increasing the size of dataset. Our analysis lies in understanding the Apache MapReduce application performance. We expect that execution time increases linearly with the dataset size but our analysis shows sometimes the execution time varies non- linearly with the increase in the dataset size. The experimental result shows that with scaling the datasets execution time distinguishes. KeywordsData, Hadoop, MapReduce, YARN, Single Node, Multi
The Olympic textbook of medicine in sport

List of Contributors, vii Foreword, x Preface, xi 1 General Principles of Training, 1 Michael I. Lambert, Wayne Viljoen, Andrew Bosch, Alan J. Pearce and Mark Sayers 2 Adaptations to Training, 49 Introduction, 49 Inigo Mujika Models of fatigue, 49 Shona Halson and Inigo Mujika Neuromuscular adaptations to training, 67 Nicholas A. Ratamess and Mikel Izquierdo Metabolic adaptations to training, 78 John A. Hawley and Gustavo A. Nader Endocrine adaptations to training, 87 Michael Kjaer, Simon Doessing and Katja Peltola Mjosund Cardiorespiratory adaptations to training, 93 Darren E.R. Warburton, A. William Sheel and Donald C. Mckenzie Adaptations of bone and connective tissue to training, 111 Pekka Kannus, Riku Nikander, Harri Sievanen and Inigo Mujika 3 The Overtraining Syndrome: Diagnosis and Management, 138 Romain Meeusen 4 Clinical Exercise Testing and Assessment of Athletes, 160 Robert U. Newton, Paul B. Laursen and Warren Young 5 Clinical Myology in Sports Medicine, 200 Wayne E. Derman, Martin P. Schwellnus, Dale E. Rae, Yumna Albertus-Kajee and Michael I. Lambert 6 Sports Cardiology, 232 Christos Kasapis and Paul D. Thompson 7 Sports Pulmonology, 268 Joseph Cummiskey, Kai-Hakon Carlsen, Keun-Youl Kim, Conleth Feighery, Andrew Green, Fabio Pigozzi, Walter Canonica, Vito Brusasco, Stefano del Giacco, Sergio Bonini and Matteo Bonini 8 Endocrinology, 302 Jeffrey M. Anderson, Thomas H. Trojian and William J. Kraemer 9 Dermatology, 326 Brian B. Adams 10 Exercise and Infections, 344 Martin P. Schwellnus, Austin Jeans, Sello Motaung and Jeroen Swart 11 Gastrointestinal System and Exercise: A Clinical Approach to Gastrointestinal Problems Encountered in Athletes, 365 Martin P. Schwellnus and John Wright 12 Exercise and the Kidney, 375 Brian Rayner and Martin P. Schwellnus 13 Obstetrics and Gynecology, 390 Raul Artal and Susan Hoffstetter 14 Neurologic Problems in Sport, 412 Paul McCrory 15 Medical Care of the Disabled Athlete, 429 Douglas B. McKeag and Chris Klenck 16 Environmental Sports Medicine, 444 Timothy D. Noakes, Tamara Hew-Butler and Ross Tucker 17 Drugs in Sport, 482 Don H. Catlin, Gary Green and Caroline K. Hatton 18 Emergency Sports Medicine, 504 Lucy-May Holtzhausen and Chris Hanna 19 Genetics and Sports Participation, 548 Kyriacos I. Eleftheriou and Hugh E. Montgomery 20 Sports Nutrition: Practical Guidelines for the Sports Physician, 580 Louise M. Burke Index, 601
Molecular cloning and characterization of the mouse CGT gene encoding UDP-galactose ceramide-galactosyltransferase (cerebroside synthetase).

UDP-galactose ceramide galactosyltransferase, CGT, EC 2.4. 1.45, is the key enzyme in the biosynthesis of cerebrosides and sulfatides, which are the most abundant glycosphingolipids in the myelin of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The cell-specific and highly time-regulated expression of the CGT gene is thought to play an important role in oligodendrocyte and Schwann cell differentiation. Three genomic clones encoding the mouse CGT gene were isolated and characterized. The gene is distributed over >42 kb, and the coding sequence is distributed over five exons ranging from 77 to 822 bp. Putative transcription start sites were determined by primer extension experiments. The CGT gene locus is highly conserved during evolution.
Investigating level of the scientific literacy of primary school teacher candidates

Abstract o Introduction o Methods o Findings o Discussion and Results o References Abstract The purpose of this study is twofold; first, to determine the level of primary school teacher candidates’ scientific literacy acquired with the current science education, and second, to find out whether there is a relationship between gender and levels of scientific literacy. This research was implemented during the fall semester of 2008-2009 academic year as a case study approach. The sample consists of ninety females and forty-two male fourth-year student teachers from the primary school teacher training program at Amasya University. In this research, a multiple choice test developed by researchers and Sperman-Brown, which had 35 items, was used with the aim of assessing scientific literacy of student teachers. The correlation coefficient was calculated 0.80. As a result, the mean of teacher candidates’ whole scores was determined to be 56.71%. The findings could be interpreted that males are not more significantly scientific literate than females except in the life sciences.