Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of thermal treatment of low-temperature GaN buffer layers on the quality of subsequent GaN layers

The surface morphology and crystalline quality of GaN layers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on sapphire (0001) substrates were investigated for various thermal treatment conditions of low-temperature (LT)-grown GaN buffer layers. The surface morphology and crystalline quality of subsequently grown high-temperature (HT) GaN layers strongly depended on thermal effects during the temperature ramping process after LT growth of the buffer layers. We have found that the defect density and structure are affected by this temperature ramping process, and that the generation of growth pits is closely related to defects in the HT-GaN layers. High-quality HT-GaN layers with specular surface morphology were obtained with optimum growth and ramping conditions for the LT-GaN buffer layers. Furthermore, the role of thermal treatment during the temperature ramping process was identified, and mechanisms of nucleus formation, HT-growth initiation on the LT-GaN buffer layers, and defect formation are propose.
Treatment outcomes and influencing factors on patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis: a retrospective study

Introduction: Tuberculosis infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the most common infectious diseases, especially in countries such as Iran. The course of treatment and the number of drugs used vary depending on the severity of the disease and the parts of the body involved. The resistant tuberculosis to treatment has increased in recent years. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the frequency distribution of response to treatment of patients with tuberculosis in Sirjan, Iran. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study investigated all patients with tuberculosis in Sirjan city who had referred to health centers during the years 2011-2019. The data collection tool was a pre-prepared checklist that included information on age, sex, sputum smear results, sputum culture results, diabetes, patients' nationality, drug side effects, and response to treatment. Finally, data was entered into SPSS version 22, and analyzed. Results: In this study, the overall response rate was 83% and the mortality rate was 10%. Between the frequency distribution of response to treatment in terms of gender, age, sputum smear results, sputum culture results, patients' nationality and diabetes was not statistically significant difference. Also, no statistically significant difference was found between the frequency distribution of pulmonary TB treatment response in terms of drug allergy, drug hepatitis and other drug side effects. Conclusion: According to results, can be concluded that none of the variables: age, sex, smear and culture result, and history of diabetes have no an effect on response to treatment and mortality of tuberculosis.
SENSORS'S DEGRADATION, METROLOGY AND CERTIFICATION ДЕГРАДАЦІЯ, МЕТРОЛОГІЯ І СЕРТИФІКАЦІЯ СЕНСОРІВ

Paper is devoted to studying dynamics of the nonlinear neuro-physiological systems identifying the presence of chaotic elements. The mutual information approach, correlation integral analysis, false nearest neighbour algorithm, Lyapunov exponent's analysis, and surrogate data method are used for comprehensive characterization on the basis of Geomath microsystem technology. The correlation dimension method provided a low fractal-dimensional attractor thus suggesting a possibility of the existence of chaotic behavior. Statistical significance of the results was confirmed by testing for a surrogate data. We also present the concrete numerical results regarding the ensembles fluctuations of spontaneous Parkinsonian tremor and fluctuations of the local potential.
Active-oxidation of Si as the source of vapor-phase reactants in the growth of SiOx nanowires on Si

Gold-coated silicon wafers were annealed at temperatures in the range from 800–1100 °C in a N2 ambient containing a low (3–10 ppm) residual O2 concentration. A dense network of amorphous silica nanowires was only observed on samples annealed at temperatures above 1000 °C and was correlated with the development of faceted etch-pits in the Si surface. Comparison with known thermodynamic data for the oxidation of Si and vapor-pressures of reactants shows that nanowire growth is mediated by a vapor-liquid-solid mechanism in which the dominant vapor-phase source of reactants is SiO produced by the active oxidation of Si.
Selective catalytic oxidation of alkylaromatic molecules by nanosize water droplets containing Co2+ species in supercritical carbon dioxide fluid

Stabilized nano-sized water droplet carrying water-soluble Co2+ species is employed as a new catalyst system for the oxidation of the alkyl aromatics in the presence of a fluorinated surfactant. This stable system contains no labile C--H structure and can facilitate excellent mixing of catalytic Co(II)/NaBr species, hydrocarbon substrates and oxygen in supercritical carbon dioxide fluid, which is demonstrated to be an excellent alternative solvent system to acetic acid or nitric acid for air oxidation of a number of alkyl aromatic hydrocarbons using Co(II) species at mild conditions. As a result, potential advantages of this ‘greener’ catalytic method including safer operation, easier separation and purification, higher catalytic activity with selectivity and without using corrosive or oxidation unstable solvent are therefore envisaged.
ICMMS-2: First principles investigation of electronic properties of graphene doped with Al and N atoms

The geometry optimizations and electronic structure calculations were performed for graphene sheet doped with aluminium (Al) and nitrogen (N). The effect of doping has been examined by changing the concentrations of dopants from 2 % (one atom of the dopant in 50 host atoms) to 12 % (six dopant atoms in 50 host atoms). All the calculations have been performed by using the Burai Graphical user interface that used the Quantum Espresso code based on density functional theory, plane waves, and pseudo potentials. By Al and N doping, p-type and n-type doping are induced respectively in the graphene sheet. The results showed that the planar structure of the graphene sheet remains unaffected on doping. However, the electronic properties were changed from semimetal to semiconductor with an increasing number of dopants. These interesting results provide the possibility of tuning the bandgap of graphene as required and therefore extend its application in electronic devices.
Thinking and Learning in the Anthropocene: The New Three Rs

The earlier emphasis on the so-called three Rs (reading, writing and arithmetic) reflected an emphasis on knowledge and skills thought important for productivity and earnings. Recently, a number of governments have emphasized what are called the 21 century skills, which include critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and creativity – the four Cs. While the academic foundation for the four Cs seems both innovative and convincing, there is little emphasis of that new framework being adopted on a large, systemic and sustainable scale. Moreover, the justification for the new skills seems to reflect the familiar logic of improving productivity and maintaining a competitive edge in a global market and workplace. Meanwhile, the classical emphasis on education as inherently valuable apart from advancing one’s career or gaining global advantages seems diminished. These remarks are intended as a reminder that education should be valued as a life-long human enterprise which requires early emphasis on a developmental approach to inquiry learning and critical reasoning that is not aimed at a career or discipline; rather, the aim of the new three Rs (re-examining, reasoning, and reflecting) should be understanding who we are becoming and what is likely to become of what we are doing.
MECKA: Methodologies for Constructing Knowledge Bases for NLP Systems

T his paper addresses the question of how to go about constructing knowledge bases for natural language processing systems from the methodological point of view, We report on research in progress in the MECKA project, where we work towards the definition of a linguistically anchored and sound strategy to drive the knowledge acquisition and elicitation process. We present the results obtained so far in the area of knowledge elicitation and discuss the directions we intend to pursue with respect to integration of statistical methods and reuse of existing linguistic resources in order to increase the cost� efficiency and improve the quality of NLP knowledge-base construction.
ICMMS-2: Molecular Modeling Analyses of Polyvinyl Alcohol/ Sodium Alginate/ZnO Composite

Molecular modeling analyses based on density functional theory (DFT) is considered as a promising tool for elucidating different properties of polymeric materials on the molecular scale. So that, the electronic properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/sodium alginate (Na Alg)/ zinc oxide (ZnO) are conducted with B3LYP/6-311g (d,p) level. Some physical parameters like total dipole moment (TDM), HOMO/LUMO band gap energy, molecular electrostatic potential (MESP), quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) and finally some thermal descriptors are calculated. The obtained results of TDM and HOMO/LUMO band gap energies dedicated that a considerable change occurred in the electronic structure of the studied models. Also, molecular electrostatic potential results confirmed the results of TDM and HOMO/LUMO energy gaps. Meanwhile, the calculated QSAR and thermal descriptors ensure the results obtained by DFT calculations whereas their values reflecting higher reactive structures. This verifies the impact of modifying the proposed polymer blend with nano ZnO according to its unique physical and electronic characteristics in nano scale.
Expression of RUNX1 isoformsand its clinical significance in acute leukemia

[基金项目] 广东省科技计划基金资助项目(No. 2014A020212300,2016A020215149);湛江市财政资金科技专项竞争性分配项目(No. 2016A06003)。 Project supported by the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province (No. 2014A020212300, 2016A020215149), and the Zhanjiang City Financial Resources for Competitive Science and Technology Distribution Program(No. 2016A06003) [作者简介] 杨志刚(1966-),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事血液病免疫学机制的研究 [通信作者] 杨志刚(YANG Zhigang,corresponding author),E-mail:yangzg@gdmu.edu. cn RUNX1异构体在急性白血病中的表达及临床意义
Effects of Carbonation on the Properties of Concrete

Concrete is one of the reliable, durable, economical and acceptable construction materials among the building and construction stakeholders worldwide. Performance of concrete could be threatened especially reinforced concrete by some processes such as corrosion, sulfate attack among others. Corrosion of reinforcement in reinforced concrete can be induced by carbonation process. Even though carbonation initiates corrosion, it has been gathered that carbonation could still be of immense benefits to building and construction industries if its mechanism of operation is understudied. This research work has therefore investigated the effect of carbonation on some selected mechanical properties of concrete such as compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption and weight changes. Concrete cubes and beams of M15 grade with 0.5 % water-cement ratio were prepared and subjected to accelerated carbonation. Their compressive strength, flexural strength, water absorption and weight changes were determined in accordance with the relevant standards. The outcomes show that carbonation improves all the mechanical properties investigated. The use of carbonation can be positively explored in reinforced concrete provided there is adequate nominal cover.
pH Sensitivity of Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) Electrodes Functionalized with Methyl−mercaptobiphenyl Monolayers

GaAs electrodes coated with hydrophobic, methyl−mercaptobiphenyl (CH3−MBP) monolayers exhibited an excellent electrochemical stability. We found that the interface resistance of the chemically functionalized GaAs shows linear relationships with electrolyte pH and bias potential in a reproducible manner. The impedance spectra measured in a wide frequency range ( f = 100 kHz to 50 mHz) are analyzed with several equivalent circuit models in a quantitative manner, and the pH sensitivity extrapolated from two linear relationships (35 mV pH-1) can be attributed to the absorption of the OH- ions on the hydrophobic surface.
“They think it’s totally fine to talk to somebody on the internet they don’t know”: Teachers’ perceptions and mitigation strategies of tweens’ online risks

Teachers play a key role in educating children about digital security and privacy. They are often at the forefront, witnessing incidents, dealing with the consequences, and helping children handle the technology-related risks. However, little is reported about teachers’ lived classroom experiences and their challenges in this regard. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 21 Canadian elementary school teachers to understand the risks teachers witness children aged 10–13 facing on digital media, teachers’ mitigation strategies, and how prepared teachers are to help children. Our results show that teachers regularly help children deal with digital risks outside of teaching official curriculum, ranging from minor privacy violations to severe cases of cyberbullying. Most issues reported by teachers were the result of typical behaviours which became risky because they took place over digital media. We use the results to highlight implications for how elementary schools address digital security and privacy.
Synthesis, Spectroscopic characterization and bactericidal valuation of some metal (II) complexes with new Tridentate Heterocyclic Azo Ligand Type (NNO) Donor

In this article, a synthesized ligand [(1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one) azo (6-bromo-2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)] has employed for preparing three new complexes of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II). The new azo ligand (PABH) has analyzed by Micro Elemental Analysis (CHNO), UV-visible, Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) approaches, H,C-NMR spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy. The consequence has specified that the ligand was represented as N,N,O-tridentate. The preparing of complexes has accomplished after fixing the finest concentration and pH values. UV-Vis spectra of these complexes solutions have been examined for a range of pH (5-9) and concentration (1×10 5×10) Molar that comply with LambertBeers law. A stoichiometry of the complexes has comprehended in relation to mole ratio which has investigated from a spectroscopic technique. The ratio of metal: ligand was achieved with (1:2) for all complexes. The metal ions complexes were characterized by FTIR, UV-Visible, molar conductance, atomic absorption, magnetic susceptibility and elemental analysis CHNO techniques. From the results of physico-chemical and spectral techniques, octahedral geometry has been proposed for these metal complexes. All these compounds were evaluated against two kinds of human pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (Gram Positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram negative).
Metal-Organic Frameworks, a New Playground for clean energy and environment

As a class of versatile porous materials, MOFs have shown enormous potential for adsorption for environmental remediation and fuel purification. To efficiently remove harmful gases, it is not sufficient to use MOFs of the appropriate size/shape of the pores, and other more specific interactions between harmful adsorbents and the host are desirable. Most of the harmful gases are highly reactive. The adsorption of these gases often degrades the porous structures of MOFs. However, much progress has been made in the last few years to develop very persistent organic frameworks. Certainly more and more fundamental studies will appear in this direction, which should enhance the practical application of this type of new porous material for air purification and related fields in the future. MOFs contain multiple functional groups, conjugate bonds, and metal ions that can help for understanding the interactions between MOFs and pollutants and hense increase the adsorption efficiency. MOFs suffering from relatively poor water stability and reuse potential except for some types of MOFs such as MIL, UiO and ZIF are relatively stable in water. The big challenge is converting unstable MOFs in water to stable MOFs; this will lead to high recovery and extend its application.
An Empirical Analysis of UI-Based Flaky Tests

Flaky tests have gained attention from the research community in recent years and with good reason. These tests lead to wasted time and resources, and they reduce the reliability of the test suites and build systems they affect. However, most of the existing work on flaky tests focus exclusively on traditional unit tests. This work ignores UI tests that have larger input spaces and more diverse running conditions than traditional unit tests. In addition, UI tests tend to be more complex and resource-heavy, making them unsuited for detection techniques involving rerunning test suites multiple times. In this paper, we perform a study on flaky UI tests. We analyze 235 flaky UI test samples found in 62 projects from both web and Android environments. We identify the common underlying root causes of flakiness in the UI tests, the strategies used to manifest the flaky behavior, and the fixing strategies used to remedy flaky UI tests. The findings made in this work can provide a foundation for the development of detection and prevention techniques for flakiness arising in UI tests.
Estimation of Hazardous Phenolic Compounds in Industrial Wastewater

The purpose of this work was to determent phenolic compounds in industrial waste, from Waluj industrial area, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India. A phenolic compound which is listed as a priority to environment was investigated by GC-MS (SPE). Phenol recorded 4.70 ppm and made about 35% of compounds, 4.46 ppm for 2 ,4dinitrophenol consist 34% of these compounds ,3.17 ppm (24%) for 2Metheylphenol finally , 4-chloro-3-methylephenol recorded 0.97 ppm 7%.
Transition to stress focusing for a thin elastic sheet locally curved

A rectangular thin elastic sheet is deformed by forcing a contact between two points at the middle of its length. A transition to buckling with stress focusing is reported for the sheets sufficiently narrow with a critical width proportional to the sheet length with an exponent 2/3 for the limit of small thicknesses. Additionally, a spring network model is solved to explore the thick sheets limit and to validate the scaling behaviour of the transition for the thin sheets limit. The numerical results reveal that buckling does not exist for the thickest sheets and a stability criteria is established for the buckling of a curved sheet.
A Closed Form Solution to Best Rank-1 Tensor Approximation via KL divergence Minimization

Tensor decomposition is a fundamentally challenging problem. Even the simplest case of tensor decomposition, the rank-1 approximation in terms of the Least Squares (LS) error, is known to be NP-hard. Here, we show that, if we consider the KL divergence instead of the LS error, we can analytically derive a closed form solution for the rank-1 tensor that minimizes the KL divergence from a given positive tensor. Our key insight is to treat a positive tensor as a probability distribution and formulate the process of rank-1 approximation as a projection onto the set of rank-1 tensors. This enables us to solve rank-1 approximation by convex optimization. We empirically demonstrate that our algorithm is an order of magnitude faster than the existing rank-1 approximation methods and gives better approximation of given tensors, which supports our theoretical ﬁnding.
Weighted-Graph-Based Change Point Detection

We consider the detection and localization of change points in the distribution of an offline sequence of observations. Based on a nonparametric framework that uses a similarity graph among observations, we propose new test statistics when at most one change point occurs and generalize them to multiple change points settings. The proposed statistics leverage edge weight information in the graphs, exhibiting substantial improvements in testing power and localization accuracy in simulations. We derive the null limiting distribution, provide accurate analytic approximations to control type I error, and establish theoretical guarantees on the power consistency under contiguous alternatives for the one change point setting, as well as the minimax localization rate. In the multiple change points setting, the asymptotic correctness of the number and location of change points are also guaranteed. The methods are illustrated on the MIT proximity network data. ∗Department of Statistics, University of Chicago 1 ar X iv :2 10 3. 02 68 0v 1 [ st at . M E ] 3 M ar 2 02 1
Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning for Request Dispatching in Distributed-Controller Software-Defined Networking

Software-defined networking (SDN) allows flexible and centralized control in cloud data centers. An elastic set of distributed SDN controllers is often required to provide sufficient yet cost-effective processing capacity. However, this introduces a new challenge: Request Dispatching among the controllers by SDN switches. It is essential to design a dispatching policy for each switch to guide the request distribution. Existing policies are designed under certain assumptions, including a single centralized agent, global network knowledge, and a fixed number of controllers, which often cannot be satisfied in practice. This article proposes MADRina, Multiagent Deep Reinforcement Learning for request dispatching, to design policies with high dispatching adaptability and performance. First, we design a multiagent system to address the limitation of using a centralized agent with global network knowledge. Second, we propose a Deep Neural Network-based adaptive policy to enable request dispatching over an elastic set of controllers. Third, we develop a new algorithm to train the adaptive policies in a multiagent context. We prototype MADRina and build a simulation tool to evaluate its performance using real-world network data and topology. The results show that MADRina can significantly reduce response time by up to 30% compared to existing approaches.
Symmetric multiqudit states: Stars, entanglement, and rotosensors

A constellation of N = d − 1 Majorana stars represents an arbitrary pure quantum state of dimension d or a permutation-symmetric state of a system consisting of n qubits. We generalize the latter construction to represent in a similar way an arbitrary symmetric pure state of k subsystems with d levels each. For d ≥ 3, such states are equivalent, as far as rotations are concerned, to a collection of various spin states, with definite relative complex weights. FollowingMajorana’s lead, we introduce a multiconstellation, consisting of theMajorana constellations of the above spin states, augmented by an auxiliary, “spectator” constellation, encoding the complex weights. Examples of stellar representations of symmetric states of four qutrits, and two spin-3/2 systems, are presented. We revisit the Hermite and Murnaghan isomorphisms, which relate multipartite states of various spins, number of parties, and even symmetries. We show how the tools introduced can be used to analyze multipartite entanglement and to identify optimal quantum rotosensors, i.e., pure states which are maximally sensitive to rotations around a specified axis, or averaged over all axes.
Nanopatterning organic monolayers on Si(100) by selective chemisorption of norbornadiene

Norbornadiene (bicyclo[2.2.1]Hepta-2,5-diene) is shown to chemisorb selectivity at room temperature onto clean Si(100)-2×1 surfaces. Combining the chemoselectivity of this process with scanning tunneling microscope nanolithography allows the formation of nanometer-sized regions having a norbonadiene adlayer. This concept could serve as the basis for creating spatially resolved templates to initiate chemical reactions with other chemical species in the presence of hydrogen-passivated Si(100)-2×1 areas.