Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kernel position effects of grain morphological characteristics by X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT)

Grain size and shape are important factors for yield and quality. The difference in grain phenotypic characteristics in the same maize hybrid is related to its position in the ear. This study aimed to clarify the distribution characteristics of grain morphological characteristics in the ear and to provide guidance for research of grain phenotype and kernel position effects. Three maize hybrids were used in the experiment, namely, Denghai 618 (DH618), KX3564, and Xianyu 335 (XY335), and the kernel number per row were 40, 40, and 36, respectively. The X-ray μCT was applied to obtain five kernel morphological indicators, including grain length, width, thickness, volume, surface area. Grain sphericity, length-width ratio, specific surface area, and volume coefficient were further calculated. The results showed that there were three types of maize ear morphological indicators trends: grain length, width, volume, and surface area were parabolic; thickness and sphericity were inverted parabolic; length-to-width ratio and specific surface area were irregular. The volume coefficient of grain at different parts of the ear, namely the relation coefficient between grain volume and grain length, width, and thickness, was determined. The average value of the middle grains morphological indicators of the ear was taken to select kernels representing stable characteristics of the variety. Within the range of 5% deviation from the morphological mean value of the middle grains of the ear, the grains in the middle part accounted for 26.39% of the total ear, about 10 grains extending from the 14th grain at the base of the ear to the top. Within the range of 10% deviation, the middle accounted for 47.22%, about 18 grains extending from the 12th grain at the base of the ear to the top. This study found that grain morphological indicators were greatly different at different positions of the maize ear, and showed different change rules as extend from the base to the top of the ear. Therefore, there were different grain volume coefficients at different positions of maize ear. And the representative sampling range on maize ear was determined based on the comprehensive analysis of different morphological indexes variation of grain. Keywords: grain morphology, X-ray μCT, kernel position effects, maize (Zea Mays L.) DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe. 20211402.6039 Citation: Yin X B, Hou J F, Ming B, Zhang Y, Guo X Y, Gao S, et al. Kernel position effects of grain morphological characteristics by X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT). Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2021; 14(2): 159–166.
Assessing the Credibility of Cyber Adversaries

Online communications are ever increasing, and we are constantly faced with the challenge of whether online information is credible or not. Being able to assess the credibility of others was once the work solely of intelligence agencies. In the current times of disinformation and misinformation, understanding what we are reading and to who we are paying attention to is essential for us to make considered, informed, and accurate decisions, and it has become everyone’s business. This paper employs a literature review to examine the empirical evidence across online credibility, trust, deception, and fraud detection in an effort to consolidate this information to understand adversary online credibility – how do we know with whom we are conversing is who they say they are? Based on this review, we propose a model that includes examining information as well as user and interaction characteristics to best inform an assessment of online credibility. Limitations and future opportunities are highlighted.
Advances in research on the effects of tolerance cells on the treatment of autoimmune thyroiditis

Advances in research on the effects of tolerance cells on the treatment of autoimmune thyroiditis Ren Zi-Yu, Tao Yue-Ting, Ran Tao, Zhou Min, Liu Dong-Fang Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China Corresponding author, E-mail: ldf023023@aliyun.com [Abstract] Tolerance is a state in which the human body is less responsive to changes in internal environmental status caused by drugs or other factors. Tolerance is a biological phenomenon, a natural consequence of the action of drugs or chemical factors. Altered organismal tolerance status often leads to the development of multiple autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is a particular type of autoimmune disease, and is exactly the result of an altered immune tolerance of the thyroid gland to a series of "redundant" antigen-antibody binding reactions that produce specific or non-specific inflammation leading to tissue destruction of the thyroid gland. In recent years, a variety of somatic cell therapies have been developed for the purpose of improving the body's tolerance, partially used in the clinical treatment of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis and Crohn's disease, etc. Such somatic cells that can regulate tolerance are called tolerogenic cells. The present paper will focus mainly on the specific autoimmune diseases such as AIT, discuss the promising therapeutic implications of tolerogenic cells for this group of diseases, and provide a summary of relevant studies. Hopefully, it will provide new research directions for the treatment of the disease. [Key words] tolerogenic cells; mesenchymal stem cells; autoimmune thyroiditis; regulatory T cells; tolerogenic dendritic cells 致耐受性细胞对自身免疫性甲状腺炎的治疗作用研究进展
Ovulation and spawning induction in Rutilus frisii kutum: Advances in application of catecholaminergic pharmaceutics at different doses as compared with ovaprim a potent ovulating agent

The involvement of adrenergic and dopaminergic receptor subunits are recognized in regulating fish reproduction. The potential for neuroendocrine novel pharmaceutics to induce final maturation and ovulation has not been well studied. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of new catecholamine pharmaceutics at different doses, including clozapine and olanzapine (the third generation of D4 and D2 dopamine receptor antagonists, respectively), which could be more effective than the first and second generations, salbutamol (β2-adrenergic receptor agonist) and metoprolol (β1adrenergic receptor antagonist) as compared with ovaprim (D-Ala 6 ,Pro 9 -Net)-sGnRH+Domperidone, on final oocyte maturation (FOM), ovulation and spawning in Rutilus frisii kutum. In the present investigation, 126 gravid females were injected once with ovaprim, 0.5mlkg -1 BW, salbutamol sulphate (SLB) 2, 4 or 8 mg kg -1 BW; metoprolol tartrate (MTP) 5, 10 or 20 mg kg -1 BW; olanzapine (OLZ) 2, 5 or 10 mg kg -1 BW; clozapine (CZ) 2, 8 or 12 mg kg -1 BW (N=9), been divided into 14 groups. Intact and ovaprim were negative and positive Control groups respectively. The results showed that all fish dosed with 0.5 ml kg -1 of ovaprim ovulated within 13 hours after injection,while no fish ovulated in negative control group (Intact). The parameters include ovulation index, fertilization success, relative fecundity and the number of eggs which were the highest mean values belonged to ovaprim treatment. Ovulation success (100%) was obtained in OLZ 5 mg kg -1 , CZ 12 mg kg -1 , MTP 5 mg kg -1 and SLB 4 mg kg -1 treatments. Therefore, it could be concluded that SLB 4 mg appears to employ β2-adrenoceptor mechanisms in mediating the considered effects. In contrast, MTP at high doses (10 mg and 20 mg) significantly inhibited the stimulatory effect of adrenergic system on FOM and ovulation. The stimulation by the blocker (MTP) was higher in the low dose, 5 mg kg -1 . The successful spawning using CZ 12 mg and OLZ 5 mg are important steps in the expansion of the culture of Caspian kutum.
Reproductive health of the early married Muslim women in India: A study at Contai, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal

Please cite this article as: Bithika Adak and Dipak K. Midya, Reproductive health of the early married Muslim women in India: A study at Contai, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal. Antrocom J. of Anthropology 16-2 (2020) pp. 173-182. 1Research Scholar, Department of Anthropology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721 102, WB, India; 2Professor, Department of Anthropology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721 102, WB, India & Corresponding author’s email: dkmidya@gmail.com
Gender, sex hormones and diabetic retinopathy: A review

In recent years, more attention has been paid towards the research in the field of gender specific medicine. The purpose of this review article is to find out the gender alteration in the incidence and prevalence of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy and role of sex steroid hormones in the etiopathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Several studies have suggested that the prevalence of type-I diabetes is more common among males than females in post pubertal age group. Sex hormone receptors have been identified in the eye, but the role of sex hormones are involved in the development of diabetic retinopathy, is not well understood. Through this article, we would like to highlight about the sex hormone receptors in various ophthalmic tissues, gender based differences in diabetic retinopathy and the role of gonadal hormones in the development of diabetic retinopathy. © This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
The Impact of Audit Characteristics on Corporate Tax Avoidance: The Moderating Role of Gender Diversity

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relation between audit characteristics and corporate tax avoidance and how board gender diversity (BGDs) moderates this relationship. Using a sample of 270 UK firms over the 2005-2017 period, we find that audit characteristics influence the corporate tax avoidance. Two of them (specialization and audit fees) had a negative effect; the other one (audit opinion, audit rotation) Have a positive effect on tax avoidance. We also find that BGDs moderates the effect of audit characteristics on corporate tax avoidance, except for audit opinion. The impact of the BGDs’ level increases as the presence of woman in the board escalated from 40 to 60 %, but then weakened at 10 % level. This study contributes to the existing literature and auditing practices by extending the auditing and tax literature on the examination of the moderating effect of board gender diversity on the relation between audit characteristics and corporate tax avoidance using the sensitivity analysis.
The effect of lower limb resistance and endurance training on the clinical picture and quality of life of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A narrative review

The aim of the present review is to study the effect of deferent types of training on the clinical picture and quality of life of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. A bibliographic review was performed in international databases (PubMed and PEDro) from 2002 up to date. Eight clinical studies were included in this review. The evaluation of the internal validity of the studies was based on the PEDro scale. Results: The results showed that the application of a combined exercise program in patients with COPD that includes both types of exercise for 12 weeks and frequency 2-3 times per week, can have positive effects on their clinical picture and quality of life. However, few of the included studies performed follow-ups after the end of the intervention, so it is not known whether these benefits persisted for a long time. Conclusions: Both lower limb progressive resistance training as well as aerobic training significantly improve the clinical picture and quality of life of COPD patients, whether applied alone or in combination. However, more studies are needed in the future to study the long-term effects of exercise on patients with COPD.
Disease Control Priorities for Child Health in the Tropics

child health is an important indicator in measuring national development. this is particularly true in developing countries with meager resources where children constitute a large percentage of the population. One cannot overemphasize its significance in tropical, developing countries like those in Asia and Africa where childhood morbidity and mortality are highest especially in the under-five age bracket. It is also in these countries where infectious diseases consistently rank as major causes of deaths. realizing the short-term and long-term devastating effects on the health of individual children of developing nations and the resulting implications on national development, the formulation of strategies to address these problems in the context of economic evaluation has increasingly become a priority for developing countries. Economic evaluation deals with costs and consequences. It is basically determining which of the available interventions will utilize the least amount of resources without sacrificing the effectiveness of such strategies and the benefits that are gained from their implementation. this paper discusses economic evaluation of strategies to control specific diseases in children in the tropics as published in Disease control Priorities Project (second edition): diarrhea, respiratory diseases, tuberculosis (tb), malaria, HIV/AIDs and malnutrition. It uses costeffectiveness analysis (cEA) utilizing disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) as the consequence or effect. One DALY represents the loss of one year of equivalent full health. For diarrhea, the most cost-effective strategy is breastfeeding promotion. Improved case management, using the Integrated Management of childhood Illness (IMcI) approach has resulted in significant reduction in mortality in children with Acute respiratory Infections below five years old. Direct Observed therapy short-course(DOts) is currently considered the most cost-effective intervention even in the most severe and infectious forms of tb. the use of combination drug treatment is the most costeffective strategy in the treatment of malaria. Interventions directed towards both the host and the vector of malaria are also considered cost-effective. Data on cost-effective strategies in preventing AIDs are lacking and treatment strategies are expensive because of the prohibitive cost of drugs used for treatment. community-based health programs have been found to be most cost-effective in the battle against malnutrition. Economic evaluation of interventions and strategies to reduce childhood illness, disability and death has become imperative and is very important in developing countries with limited resources such as those in the tropics.
Evaluation of BMI in Hypothyroid Iraqi patients and its response to Thyroxin Therapy

A total of 105 blood samples for low thyroid hormone including 17 males and 88 females have been collected during the period November2018 up to May 2019from the patient who are visiting the specialized center for Endocrinology and Diabetes. There ages ranged between 10 to 70 years old. Evaluation of serum concentration of T3, TSH was done by ELISA technique application and T4 was estimated by ELFA method. In the first visit and after 4 to 7 weeks , this study showed that there was highly significant prevalence of low thyroid hormone among age 31 to 50 years in comparison with other age groups P<0.01. Moreover, the majority of patients 84% were females in comparison with 16% were males with highly significant differences between their frequencies P<0.01. The number of patients who had increased in BMI (Obese) is a highly significant difference with the others. It is important to discover hypothyroid patients as early as possible.
Development and uptake of an online systematic review platform: the early years of the CAMARADES Systematic Review Facility (SyRF)

Preclinical research is a vital step in the drug discovery pipeline and more generally in helping to better understand human disease aetiology and its management. Systematic reviews (SRs) can be powerful in summarising and appraising this evidence concerning a specific research question, to highlight areas of improvements, areas for further research and areas where evidence may be sufficient to take forward to other research domains, for instance clinical trial. Guidance and tools for preclinical research synthesis remain limited despite their clear utility. We aimed to create an online end-to-end platform primarily for conducting SRs of preclinical studies, that was flexible enough to support a wide variety of experimental designs, was adaptable to different research questions, would allow users to adopt emerging automated tools and support them during their review process using best practice. In this article, we introduce the Systematic Review Facility (https://syrf.org.uk), which was launched in 2016 and designed to support primarily preclinical SRs from small independent projects to large, crowdsourced projects. We discuss the architecture of the app and its features, including the opportunity to collaborate easily, to efficiently manage projects, to screen and annotate studies for important features (metadata), to extract outcome data into a secure database, and tailor these steps to each project. We introduce how we are working to leverage the use of automation tools and allow the integration of these services to accelerate and automate steps in the systematic review workflow.
Structural elucidation of soluble organic 1 matter : application to Titan ’ s haze 2 3

16 The origin and evolution of organic matter in the solar system intertwines astrobiology and 17 planetary geochemistry issues. To observe the contribution of atmospheric processes in the 18 formation of complex organic matter, one of the most intensively studied objects in the outer 19 solar system is Titan, the largest moon of Saturn. Its reducing atmosphere of methane and 20 nitrogen hosts a thick, permanent, nitrogen-rich, organic haze, whose complex composition 21 remains largely unknown. Due to the measurement of species at large mass-to-charge ratio and 22 infrared information from the Cassini-Huygens mission, polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) 23 based structure for this haze has been suggested. Here, we propose a snapshot of the global 24 chemical structure based on the analysis of laboratory analogue of Titan’s haze with ion 25 mobility spectrometry coupled with mass spectrometry. This robust analysis, validated with 26 other geochemical complex mixtures, such as petroleum, allows for the observation of the size 27 and three-dimensional structure of detected species. By comparison, with standards molecules, 28 we exclude several structures such as pure PolyHCN and pure polycyclic aromatic 29 hydrocarbons to be present in the principal trend of the laboratory tholins. Using theoretical 30 calculations, we propose a plausible structure consistent with our results, which is a branched 31 triazine-pyrazole. We observe that the larger the aerosols molecules are, the more they tend 32 towards a structure containing small aromatics cores linked together by short chains. We 33 suggest that the use of such an analytical approach could help advance our understanding of 34 other complex organic compounds in the Solar System such as soluble organic matter in 35 meteorites. 36
Information and communication technology reading interventions: A scoping review

Background: Information and communication technology (ICT) reading interventions can help children with reading difficulties, especially those in resource-constrained environments who otherwise might not have support. Objectives: (1) Provide an overview of ICT reading interventions used globally with primary school children. (2) Provide further information on the subset of studies conducted in majority world countries, describing the interventions used, their impact on reading and challenges faced. Method: A scoping review was used with a search strategy that yielded a total of 49 studies for inclusion in the main review (Objective 1), and a subset of five studies undertaken in the majority world (Objective 2). Results: Most published studies (93.88%, 46 studies) demonstrated positive outcomes of ICT reading interventions on learners’ reading. Well-researched programmes with demonstrated effectiveness included GraphoGame, ABRACADABRA, Reading RACES and Chassymo. Only five studies (10.2%) were conducted in the majority world, but all reported in this subset described positive literacy gains through ABRACADABRA and GraphoGame. Conclusion: There is a growing evidence base of ICT reading interventions that could be helpful in addressing the reading crisis in South Africa. Programmes such as ABRACADABRA and GraphoGame demonstrate effectiveness in a variety of contexts and may have a role to play in addressing the reading challenges faced by children in South Africa. Contribution: The review highlighted evidence supporting the use of ICT reading interventions. Evidence of such approaches in South Africa (and other majority world countries) remains limited and requires further evaluation of both existing and innovative, locally developed interventions.
Computation of the Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) using the Bank for International Settlement (BIS) Methodology: A Case of Nigeria

The importance of REER and its computation prompted this study to re-estimate the REER for Nigeria, using the Bank for International Settlement (BIS) methodology. The methodology incorporates recent developments in global trade by employing timevarying trade weighting patterns, highlights the effect of third market competitors, and provides a more comprehensive approach to capturing the effects of bilateral exchange rates through the inclusion of double export weights. The method employed the weighing scheme adopted by Turner and Van’t dack (1993) which has its theoretical underpinnings in Armington (1969). The data utilised was monthly series from October 2011 to December 2016 with 2010 as the base year. The results revealed that the computation method adopted mimics that of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), except that the IMF defines exchange rates using direct quotation, while Nigeria uses indirect quotation. The paper identified data constraints both in respect to quality and availability as a challenge for the computation of REER index for Nigeria using the BIS methodology. The former methodology has become obsolete given changes in the global economy and in the composition of Nigeria’s major trading partners.
Magnesite concentration technology and caustic – calcined product from Turkish magnesite middlings by calcination and magnetic separation

ABSTRACT This paper deals with the current magnesite concentration technology and upgrading studies in Turkey, which is the second biggest magnesite and third biggest sinter magnesia producer in the world. Magnesite heat treatment and magnetic separation fundamentals are also covered. This study aims to concentrate magnesite middlings containing the silica/iron impurities from Kütahya, Turkey, by calcination and dry magnetic separation. Final calcined MgCO3 product contains 89.57% MgO, 0.96% SiO2, 0.43% Fe2O3, 2.35% CaO and 6.64% loss of ignition. The optimum particle size was determined at −8 + 0.5 mm at 1000°C. Final product is saleable for industrial applications (i.e., soil decontamination, panels, fertilizers, animal nutrition, abrasives).