Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Different roles with different goals: Designing to support shared situational awareness between patients and clinicians in the hospital

Abstract Objective Team situational awareness helps to ensure high-quality care and prevent errors in the complex hospital environment. Although extensive work has examined factors that contribute to breakdowns in situational awareness among clinicians, patients’ and caregivers’ roles have been neglected. To address this gap, we studied team-based situational awareness from the perspective of patients and their caregivers. Materials and Methods We utilized a mixed-methods approach, including card sorting and semi-structured interviews with hospitalized patients and their caregivers at a pediatric hospital and an adult hospital. We analyzed the results utilizing the situational awareness (SA) theoretical framework, which identifies 3 distinct stages: (1) perception of a signal, (2) comprehension of what the signal means, and (3) projection of what will happen as a result of the signal. Results A total of 28 patients and 19 caregivers across the 2 sites participated in the study. Our analysis uncovered how team SA helps patients and caregivers ensure that their values are heard, their autonomy is supported, and their clinical outcomes are the best possible. In addition, our participants described both barriers—such as challenges with communication—and enablers to facilitating shared SA in the hospital. Discussion Patients and caregivers possess critical knowledge, expertise, and values required to ensure successful and accurate team SA. Therefore, hospitals need to incorporate tools that facilitate patients and caregivers as key team members for effective SA. Conclusions Elevating patients and caregivers from passive recipients to equal contributors and members of the healthcare team will improve SA and ensure the best possible outcomes.
Developing and Establishing Content Validity of Vignettes for Health Care Education and Research

The use of vignettes in research and education is well documented. Documentation of how vignettes are developed and content validity is established, however, are rare. The purpose of this paper is to describe a method for development and establishing content validity of vignettes that can be used to assess student performance and research participant outcomes. This three-phase method was designed to validate seven vignettes for a future research project. Content validity index survey and expert panel interviews were used to inform improvements in validity. Findings showed that clinical vignettes were improved with respect to content relevance (from 0.93 to 0.96) and importance (from 0.68 to 0.93). Developing validated vignettes is essential when used to measure outcomes in education and in research. This three-phase method of vignette development and validation is feasible and effective in improving content validity of vignettes and can be used in other education and research projects.
Synergistic effect of electromagnetic fields and nanomagnetic particles on osteogenesis through calcium channels and p‐ERK signaling

Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) are widely used in a number of cell therapies and bone disorder treatments, and nanomagnetic particles (NMPs) also promote cell activity. In this study, we investigated the synergistic effects of EMFs and NMPs on the osteogenesis of the human Saos‐2 osteoblast cell line and in a rat calvarial defect model. The Saos‐2 cells and critical‐size calvarial defects of the rats were exposed to EMF (1 mT, 45 Hz, 8 h/day) with or without Fe3O4 NMPs. Biocompatibility was evaluated with MTT (3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) assays. This analysis showed that NMP and EMF did not induce cell toxicity. Quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction indicated that the osteogenesis‐related markers were highly expressed in the NMP‐incorporated Saos‐2 cells after exposure to EMF. Also, the expression of gene‐encoding proteins involved in calcium channels was activated and the calcium concentration of the NMP‐incorporated + EMF‐exposed group was increased compared with the control group. In particular, in the NMP‐incorporated + EMF‐exposed group, all osteogenic proteins were more abundantly expressed than in the control group. This indicated that the NMP incorporation + EMF exposure induced a signaling pathway through activation of p‐ERK and calcium channels. Also, in vivo evaluation revealed that rat calvarial defects treated with EMFs and NMPs had good regeneration results with new bone formation and increased mineral density after 6 weeks. Altogether, these results suggest that NMP treatment or EMF exposure of Saos‐2 cells can increase osteogenic activity and NMP incorporation following EMF exposure which is synergistically efficient for osteogenesis.
Epitranscriptomic regulation of transcriptome plasticity in development and diseases of the brain

Proper development of the nervous system is critical for its function, and deficits in neural development have been impli-cated in many brain disorders. A precise and predictable developmental schedule requires highly coordinated gene expression programs that orchestrate the dynamics of the developing brain. Especially, recent discoveries have been showing that various mRNA chemical modifications can affect RNA metabolism including decay, transport, splicing, and translation in cell type- and tissue-specific manner, leading to the emergence of the field of epitranscriptomics. Moreover, accumulating evidences showed that certain types of RNA modifications are predominantly found in the developing brain and their dysregulation disrupts not only the developmental processes, but also neuronal activities, suggesting that epitranscriptomic mechanisms play critical post-transcriptional regulatory roles in development of the brain and etiology of brain disorders. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of molecular regulation on transcriptome plasticity by RNA modifications in neurodevelopment and how alterations in these RNA regulatory programs lead to human brain disorders.
PubChem in 2021: new data content and improved web interfaces

Abstract PubChem (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) is a popular chemical information resource that serves the scientific community as well as the general public, with millions of unique users per month. In the past two years, PubChem made substantial improvements. Data from more than 100 new data sources were added to PubChem, including chemical-literature links from Thieme Chemistry, chemical and physical property links from SpringerMaterials, and patent links from the World Intellectual Properties Organization (WIPO). PubChem's homepage and individual record pages were updated to help users find desired information faster. This update involved a data model change for the data objects used by these pages as well as by programmatic users. Several new services were introduced, including the PubChem Periodic Table and Element pages, Pathway pages, and Knowledge panels. Additionally, in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, PubChem created a special data collection that contains PubChem data related to COVID-19 and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
ASSESSMENT OF PHOSPHORUS AVAILABILITY FROM UNREACTIVE TOGO PHOSPHATE ROCK BY LEGUME AND CEREAL CROPS IN TWO GHANAIAN SOILS

Purpose: In recent years, phosphate rock (PR) for direct application has been tested in tropical acid soils as a potential alternative to conventional water-soluble P fertilizers like Single Superphosphate (SSP) and Triple Superphosphate (TSP). However, direct application of PR with low reactivity does not always give satisfactory results. Legume and cereal crops represent a strategy that can be used to solubilize P from some of these unreactive PRs. The objective of this study was to assess the availability of P from unreactive Togo Phosphate Rock (TPR) relative to TSP by six (6) crop species in two Ghanaian soils. Methodology: The study was conducted in the greenhouse of the Crop Science Department, University of Ghana. Three P rates, 0mg, 50mg and 100mg P of TPR and TSP were applied to a kilogram of soil per pot in the two soil series. Randomized Complete Block Design was used to do the analyses. Results/Findings: Application of TSP resulted in higher dry matter and P uptake irrespective of the soil type. Among the legumes, cowpea gave the highest dry matter yield. Fairly, a similar trend was obtained with the application of TPR. Among the cereals, the average P uptake by sorghum from TPR was the highest, followed by maize and millet in the Nzema soil. In the Adenta series, P uptake by maize was the highest, followed by sorghum and millet. Phosphorus (P) uptake by the cereals from TPR was generally better in the Adenta than the Nzema soil. Unique contribution to theories, practice and policy: Results show increasing the rate of TPR to 100mg P/pot resulted in an increase in dry matter yield and P uptake in both soils, but was inferior to 100mg P/pot TSP application. Consequently, the rate of application of TPR should always be high if farmers want the best from their investments. Again, the low relative agronomic effectiveness of TPR for all the crops, proved the low reactivity of the material and its subsequent low performance compared with the water-soluble P. The low reactivity and the high molar mass of PO4 3/CO3 2of the TPR will always make it difficult for P to be made available from the TPR despite the acidity of the soil, the high density of the crops and the ability of the tested crops to exude organic acids, which facilitate phosphorus availability from TPR, therefore making TPR unsuitable for direct application.
The complete chloroplast genome of a variety of Epipremnum aureum 'Neon' (Araceae)

Abstract Epipremnum aureum is known as devil’s ivy as it stays green even when kept in the dark. It is an important foliage plant in the Araceae family. In this study, we reported and characterized the complete chloroplast genome sequence of E. aureum 'Neon', a variety that has solid yellow-green leaves with no variegation, obtained using next-generation sequencing. The chloroplast genome was determined to be 163,961 bp in length. It contained large single-copy (LSC) and small single copy (SSC) regions of 89,728 and 22,259 bp, respectively, which were separated by a pair of 25,987 bp inverted repeat (IR) regions. The genome is predicted to contain 122 genes, including 77 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. The overall GC content of the genome is 36.1%. A phylogenetic tree reconstructed by 20 chloroplast genomes reveals that E. aureum ‘Neon’ is most closely related to Zantedeschia aethiopica in Araceae.
Single dose oral pharmacokinetics of sparfloxacin in rats

A sensitive and simple reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for quantitative analysis of sparfloxacin in rat plasma. The method validation was done with respect to linearity, precision, accuracy and sensitivity. The analysis of sparfloxacin was done on reversed phase C18column [Luna C18 (2), 5μ, 250 X 4.60 mm] using the mobile phase of 1% aqueous acetic acid: acetonitrile at the ratio of 71: 29% (v/v) with a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min and the oven temperature of 300C and was detected at 280 nm. The method showed the linear response with the correlation coefficient of 0.9992. The mean recovery percentage of 3 different concentration (0.1, 0.5 and 1μg/ml) were found to be more than 87±1.547 %. The precision and accuracy was 2.474 to 8.218 % and 0.0035 to 0.0512. The lower limit of detection and quantification of the method was 0.01 μg/ml and 0.025 μg/ml respectively for sparfloxacin in rat plasma. This method was used analyse the plasma concentration of sparfloxacin, following a single oral administration at the dose rate of 200 mg/kg. The pharmacokinetic analysis of sparfloxacin in rats was fitted well in to two compartment model. The maximum plasma concentration attained by sparfloxacin in rats were 7.351±0.884 μg/ml at 0.755±0.049 h. The half-life, apparent volume of distribution, apparent clearance were 8.379±0.962 h, 13.745±1.576 L/kg, and 3.864±0.195 ml/kg/hr respectively. AUC 0-t and MRT were 45.873±2.082 μg/ml*h and 10.964±1.093 h. sparfloxacin is rapidly absorbed from intestine after oral administration and attained good plasma concentration.
Novel Orbit-based CNN Model for Automatic Fault Identification of Rotating Machines

Various faults in high-fidelity turbomachinery such as steam turbines and centrifugal compressors usually result in unplanned outage thus lowering the reliability and productivity while largely increasing the maintenance costs. Condition monitoring has been increasingly applied to provide early alerting on component faults by using the vibration signals. However, each type of fault in different types of rotating machines usually require an individual model to isolate the damage for accurate condition monitoring, which require costly computation efforts and resources due to the data uncertainties and modeling complexity. This paper presents a generalized deep learning methodology for accurately automatic diagnostics of various faults in general rotating machines by utilizing the shaft orbits generated from vibration signals, considering the high non-linearity and uncertainty of the sensed vibration signals. The sensor anomalies and environmental noise in the vibration signals are first addressed through waveform compensation and Bayesian wavelet noise reduction filtering. Shaft orbit images are generated from the cleansed vibration data collected from different turbomachinery with various fault modes. A multi-layer convolutional neural network model is then developed to classify and identify the shaft orbit images of each fault. Finally, the fault diagnosis of rotating machinery is realized through the automated identification process. The proposed approach retains the fault information in the axis trajectory to the greatest extent, and can adeptly extract and accurately identify features of various faults. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed methodology is demonstrated by using the sensed vibration signals collected from real-world centrifugal compressors and steam turbines with different fault modes.
Strontium Isotope Stratigraphy of Cochin Formation in Kerala Konkan Offshore: Implications on Mesozoic Hydrocarbon Exploration

In this paper, we demonstrate the use of Strontium Isotope Stratigraphy (SIS) technique on the limestone sequence of Cochin Equivalent Formation encountered in between two basaltic horizons as an intertrappean, in the drilled well KKMZ-E-A in Kerala Konkan Offshore Basin, as a robust tool for absolute age dating of marine carbonates. The study establishes the high-resolution chronostratigraphy of studied limestone sequence of Cochin Equivalent Formation and attempts to resolve their age constraints in relation to the basaltic basement encountered in the studied well, as well in other wells of the Kerala Konkan Basin. The study constrains the total depositional age of the Cochin equivalent limestone sequence to be between 59.7 Ma and 61.7 Ma, which is agreeable and correlatable to reported ages of the basaltic basement in Kerala Konkan Basin. This model of depositional ages holds viable for the total timing of deposition for the Cochin Equivalent Formation vis a vis the emplacement history and petrogenetic similarity of upper and lower basalt units in the studied well, and in the other wells of Kerala Konkan Offshore Basin.
Microbiological Causes Of Defects In Fetal Development And Miscarriage

Abstract During pregnancy many agents can be teratogenic i.e. can be dangerous for embryo or fetus and cause differentiated adverse effects. Teratogenic agents include substances (e.g. many pharmaceuticals, mycotoxins – e.g. aflatoxins and ochratoxin A), radiation (e.g. X/RTG, γ) and infectious agents. The latter include bacteria (e.g. Listeria monocytogenes, Treponema pallidum), protozoa (e.g. Toxoplasma gondii) and viruses (e.g. ZIKV, parvovirus B19, herpesviruses: CMV, HSV, VZV). Quite a few pathogens can be vertically transmitted, i.e. through placenta (poorly understood mechanism), but not all are typical teratogenic agents (TORCH group). Infection during gestation can be oligosymptomatic or asymptomatic for the mother, nevertheless can also be fatal for the child, causing among others IUGR, SNHL, malformation (e.g. microcephaly, limb defects), abortion. Some (but not all) of these abnormalities can be non-invasively diagnosed by ultrasonography (USG) and prevented by vaccination (in case of the rubella and varicella). In some countries routine serological diagnostics for selected pathogens are performed during pregnancy. Generally transplacental transmission occur mostly during initial (primary) infection and are most dangerous during the first and second trimester (intensive morphogenesis and organogenesis). Conversely chance of fetus infection usually increases with time and is highest in the third trimester. 1. Introduction. 2. Placenta. 3. Preterm delivery and vaginosis. 4. TORCH group. 5. Teratogenic microorganisms and viruses. 5.1. Bacteria. 5.2. Protozoa. 5.3. Viruses. 6. Mycotoxins. 6.1. Description of selected mycotoxins. 7. Summary
Rasa Vaiškūnaitė

The main aim of this work was the analysis and assessment of benzene removal from air using bio-filter packed with a mixture of wood waste. The results of this work show that the small scale bio-filter with various coniferous and deciduous wood waste charges is capable of efficiently removing benzene from polluted air stream. The analysis of different mixtures of wood waste charge, while pH value was kept at neutral (pH = 7), determined, that the best wood waste mixture is consisted of 70% coniferous wood (45% pine trees, 25% fir trees), 30% deciduous wood (20% maple, 10% hazel) which was consisted of 10–20 mm fraction particles and had porosity value of 46%. This bio-media was best used for benzene removal from contaminated air stream (E = 93.86–74.78%).
Plant Biotechnology 22, 287–294 (2005)

We developed a new chimeric promoter to express a selectable marker gene specifically at the selection stage during transformation of rice (Oryza sativa L.). The promoter consists of a 135-bp upstream sequence of the rice RezA gene and 4 or 8 copies of an enhancer fragment of the CaMV35S promoter. The b-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene under the control of this promoter was strongly expressed in transgenic rice calli but not in endosperm, the edible tissue in rice grains. When the hygromycin B phosphotransferase gene was fused with this chimeric promoter and introduced into rice, we were able to select transgenic plants. We demonstrated that the chimeric promoter did not influence expression of the endogenous RezA gene in the transgenic calli. These results indicate that this chimeric promoter could be useful for the selection of transgenic rice free of marker gene products in the edible tissue.
State of the Art Review on Emerging Applications of Mesoporous Silica

The recent advances in the drug delivery system using a variety of technological platforms have resulted in innovation in the attitude towards diagnosis and therapeutics alike in the present times. Mesoporous Silica possesses favourable chemical properties, thermal stability, and biocompatibility. The unique structure of mesoporous silica makes possible the effective loading of drugs and their subsequent release in a controlled manner at the target site. The properties like pore size, high drug loading, and porosity as well as the surface properties of Mesoporous silica make them a suitable platform for many drug delivery applications. This review focuses on the applications and the advances made in the mesoporous silica to broaden the spectrum of its use especially in the field of medicine. The Mesoporous Silica carrier has proved its use in the field of biosensing, controlled and targeted drug release, gene delivery, water treatment, solubility and bioavailability enhancement and wound healing.
SUPERCAPACITANCE OF SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBE-

In this paper, we report a facile electrochemical method to obtain polyaniline/single-wall carbon nanotubes (PANI/SWCNTs) composite electrodes by combining the electroreduction of diazonium salts and electropolymerization of conductive polymers. In a first step, the SWCNTs are covalently functionalized with p-nitroazobenzene functional group through the electrochemical reduction of the corresponding diazonium salt in order to provide anchors for the further polyaniline electrodeposition. The aniline oxidation remains possible on this grafted layer and PANI can easily be deposited afterwards. In situ monitoring of mass change during diazonium salt electroreduction and PANI electrodeposition was peformed using an EQCM module. These measurements served to calculate the mass specific capacitance (F g -1 ) of the electrode material. It is shown that the electrochemically deposited composites exhibit excellent electrochemical charge storage properties making them promising electrode materials for high power supercapacitors.
High risky behavior and HIV/AIDS knowledge amongst street children in Shiraz, Iran

Background: Street children around the world are accompanying a wide range of risky behaviors. The most common ones include risky sexual behavior, substance and alcohol abuse, and violence. This study aimed to assess risk behaviors and HIV knowledge of street children in Shiraz. Methods: A total of 329 street children (7-18 years of age who spend days or nights on streets with or without their family for earning money) were interviewed through 2014-2016 in Shiraz. Data were collected through a structured interview about high-risk behaviors and HIV/AIDS Knowledge based on a form and questionnaire. Street children were asked to identify HIV/AIDS mode of transmission. All correct answers were scored as one (1), and incorrect, "don’t know" responses and no responses scored as zero. The data were analyzed by SPSS software 16 (SPSS, Inc. Chicago, USA) using the Independent t-test and chi-square test, and Pearson's correlation test. P value< 0.05 was considered as statistically significant Results: The mean ± SD age was 13.46±3.09. A total of 86.6% of them were boys. A total of 97.6% of them reported staying with their parents. Street children reported sleeping place as follow: with their parents (n=312, 94.8%), sharing accommodation with other kids (n=13, %4), sleeping in parks (n=2, 7%), and one with relatives. The frequency of smoking, alcohol drinking, and drug abuse were 35 (10.6%), 47 (14. 3%), and 6 (1.8%) respectively. A total of 43 (13.1%) street children reported sexual activity, among them 30 (9.1%) had sexual activity without a condom. Mean ± SD HIV/AIDS knowledge scoring of street children was, 4.1±3.9. Conclusion: Special programs should be implemented in order to reduce high-risk behavior among street children. Intervention should include increasing awareness about alcohol and drug abuse, HIV/AIDS knowledge, sexual and verbal abuse through an organized system with the help of peer education.