Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social Behaviorism , Motivation , and the Conditioning Therapies

A learning theory of human motivation is considered to involve (1) the manner in which stimuli of various kinds come to elicit emotional (attitudinal) responses in the individual through the principles of classical conditioning. This concerns the A function of the stimuli in the individual's motivational system. The second function of the stimuli in the motivational system, given to the stimuli as a result of the attitudinal function, is that the stimuli will serve as reinforcing stimuli for the individual. This concerns the R function of the motivational system. In addition to this, stimuli that have the A and the R functions will also have a third function for the individual. 'ouch stimuli will elicit (or control) behaviors. That is, as soon as a stimulus comes to elicit a positive emotional response through classical conditioning the stimulus will thereby acquire the power of controlling instrumental responses in the individual that approach the stimulus. The converse is true for negative A-R-D stimuli. The implications of this learning theory are elaborated in the context of presenting a theory of human motivation. The theory of human motivation is then employed to better understand a number of areas of importance to personality study, including an understanding of abnormal behavior in terms of the A-R-D (motivational) system and the present and potential roles of behavior therapy and behavior moJification in dealing with personality problems.
Effect of Dehydroepiandrosterone on Insulin Sensitivity and Adipocyte Growth in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima-Fatty Rats

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) (1) is the major adrenal androgen of young adults. However, serum concentration of DHEA in 60 yearold men shows a gradual decrease, when compared with young men aged 25-30 years old. This decrease occurs as the incidence of atherosclerosis (2), obesity (3), and diabetes increases (4), suggesting that administration of DHEA may protect against the development of these disorders. Previously, we reported that in vitro DHEA treatment increased glucose uptake and activation of PI 3-kinase in native rat adipocytes (5). Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of serine/threonine kinases, which play key functions in cellular signal transduction. Three categories of PKC, conventional, novel, and atypical PKCs, have been described depending on their mechanisms of activation. Moreover, it is known that 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1) is the hub of many signaling pathways, which phosphorylate many downstream kinases of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase), such as Akt kinase, S6 kinase and PKC. Previous studies suggested that atypical PKC (aPKC/) isoforms are required for insulin stimulation of glucose uptake (6), and PDK1 is necessary for activation of aPKCs (7). It has been reported that DHEA treatment reduces fat accumulation and protects against insulin resistance via an increase in PI 3-kinase after immunoprecipitation with insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) in male rats (8). We have investigated the in-vitro and in-vivo effects of DHEA on insulin-induced glucose uptake in adipocytes of Otsuka Log-Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) (9) and LETO rats. Moreover, we have shown the DHEA-induced glucose uptake by activation of PI 3-kinase/atypaical PKC siganlling without association with IRS-1 (10). In vivo treatment with DHEA affects on a decrease of adipose tissue via downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor  (PPAR) expression (11). Based on above results, we have searched more precise mechanism of DHEA-induced amelioration of insulin sensitivity and clinical application of DHEA in diabetic animal models and human male adults.
Modelling Cohesive Sediment Dynamics in the Marine Environment

The inflow of fine sediments in the marine environment affects various processes and has significant socioeconomic and environmental impacts, the most straight-forward of which is related to sedimentation in deltaic and coastal areas. However, fine sediments have the ability to affect solar radiation in the water column and to absorb contaminants on their surface [1,2]. Therefore, fine sedimentary plumes also affect primary productivity and the distribution of pollutants in the column and the seabed. The distinction between fine ( 63μm) sediments is rather general and varies with the type of the sedi‐ mentary matter, but it is a fact that the dominance of inter-particle cohesion forces over grav‐ itational forces varies inversely with the floc diameter. Thus, the effect of cohesion is much more pronounced on the behaviour of clays (diameter <2μm) than of silts (2-63μm); in fact, the development of cohesion in silty clays is mainly due to the clay fraction in the sedi‐ ment [1]. Adhesion diversifies the behaviour of cohesive and sandy sediments in the aquat‐ ic domain, adding further complexities to modelling efforts for fine sedimentary plumes. Their movement is the result of the combined action of various physical processes and forces (Figure 1).
Verifying Dynamic Workflow Change based on Executable Path

As a technology that can improve the efficiency of the business process, workflow is drawing more and more attentions of researchers and software product vendors. But there are still many problems waiting to be solved for workflow. One of these problems is the poor adaptability of workflow. This paper intends to enhance the adaptability from the view of supporting dynamic change on process model for workflow instance. In the paper, a workflow model that is fit for dynamic change is defined firstly and the verification rules are set up for this model. Specifically, our method is based on the concept of executable path of workflow. Based on the executable path, the concepts and algorithms of valid process and complete sub-process are introduced to solve the verification problem brought by workflow instance dynamic change.
UÇURTMA GRAFIN LAPLASYAN ÖZDEĞERLERİ ÜZERİNE

p noktalı bir tam grafın, n-p noktalı bir yol grafın bir dereceli noktasına yeni bir kenar yardımıyla bağlanması ile elde edilen yeni grafa uçurtma graf denir ve Kiten,n-p ile gösterilir. Bu çalışmada, uçurtma grafın Laplasyan matrisinin bazı spektral özellikleri sunulmuştur. Öncelikle Kiten,n-p grafın Laplasyan karakteristik polinomu elde edilmiş ve böylece uçurtma grafın en büyük Laplasyan özdeğeri klik sayısına bağlı olarak sınırlandırılmıştır. Ayrıca bazı özel koşullar altında, Kiten,n-p grafla aynı klik sayısına sahip herhangi bir bağlantılı grafın Kiten,n-p grafa izomorf olduğu gösterilmiştir.
Dust and pollution aerosols over the Negev desert, Israel: Properties, transport, and radiative effect

[1] The complex spatial, temporal, and optical characteristics of atmospheric aerosols cause large uncertainties in the estimation of aerosol effects on climate. Analysis of long-term measurements from key regions can provide a better understanding of the role of atmospheric aerosols in the climate system. In the current study, observations of aerosol optical properties and mass concentrations were carried out during 1995–2003 in the Israeli Negev desert. The measurement site is relatively remote from local pollution sources; however, it lies at the crossroad between dust from the Sahara and the Arabian peninsula and pollution from Europe. The instruments employed were a Sun/sky photometer, a stacked filter unit sampler, and an integrating nephelometer. We analyzed the data for seasonal variability, general vertical aerosol structure, and radiative climate effect by dust and anthropogenic aerosol. The intra-annual variability of aerosol optical properties was found to be closely related to seasonally varying synoptic conditions. Two seasonal peaks of aerosol optical thickness were noted: The first maximum related to dust particle activity and the second to anthropogenic aerosol. Similar maximums were noted in aerosol light scattering at the surface; however, their relative importance is reversed and is related to differences in the vertical distribution of dust and anthropogenic aerosols. The calculated aerosol radiative effect shows cooling both at the top of the atmosphere and at the surface during the whole year. The radiative effect of the airborne dust is the dominating forcing component during most of the time in the study area.
Effects of High-Intensity Circuit Training on Calcaneal Bone Status in Collegiate Women

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of high-intensity circuit training (HICT) using body weight as resistance on calcaneal bone status in sedentary collegiate women. Methods: The subjects were 24 healthy sedentary collegiate women and were randomly divided into 2 groups: 12 in the HICT group and 12 in the control group. The HICT group performed 14-min HICT, 2 d•wk-1 for 10 weeks. Quantitative ultrasound measurements of the right calcaneus were performed to measure speed of sound (SOS), broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), and stiffness index (SI). Nutrient intake was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. Results: After the training period, the HICT group showed significantly lower body weight, fat mass and %Fat, whereas there were no significant changes in the control group. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in energy or nutrient intake before or after the training period. After the training period, the HICT group exhibited significant increases of SOS and SI, whereas the controls did not show any significant changes. Conclusion: Performing 14-min of HICT, 2 d•wk-1, for 10 weeks has positive effects on calcaneal bone status.
FORCE AND ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC (EMG) RELATIONSHIPS OF LEG EXTENSORS DURING ERGOMETER CONTRACTIONS

'The purpose of this study was to examine the force/EMG relationship during dynamic muscle contractions. Three ergometers (isokinetic dynamometer, adapted leg-only ergometer, standard rowing ergometer) were modified with strain gauges and potentiometers to measure force and displacement. Surface electrodes were used to record EMG of rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles. Trained rowers (n=ll) performed leg extensions at randomly selected target forces under each condition. There was a strong positive linear correlation between force and EMG amplitude (RF, VL) under constant velocity conditions (r2=.866, .871). Although diminished in strength, this relationship was maintained under leg-only and standard ergometer conditions. The findings support the use of force/EMG analysis during rowing performance.
Cleft Lip and Palate Management from Birth to Adulthood: An Overview

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is the most common congenital deformity of the orofacial. Clefts are thought to be of multifactorial etiology due to genetic and environmental factors. Different dental abnormalities are usually seen in cleft patients, including midface deficiency, collapsed dental arches, malformation of teeth, hypodontia, and supernu merary teeth. Moreover, feeding and speech are major functional dilemmas for those patients. The goal of treatment is to restore esthetics and functional impairments associated with clefts. The nature and the extent of medical and dental problems among CLP patients dictate the need toward multidisciplinary approach where different medical and dental specialists are involved in the treatment. The purpose of this section is to codify and synthesize a literature about management of cleft lip and palate deformity from birth until adulthood so that general concepts, principles, and axioms can be formulated. In this regard, feeding plates, nasoalveolar molding (NAM), lip and palate repair, palatal expansion, alveolar bone grafting, rhinoplasty, orthodontic treatment, and orthognathic surgery will be discussed. Furthermore, the question of proper timing for each therapeu tic procedure is scrutinized in this chapter. Suggested clinical tips and changes of treat- ment modalities are summarized and illustrated as well.
Phytotherapy and the Relevance of Some Endogenous Antioxidant Enzymes in Management of Sickle Cell Diseases

Introduction: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the most devastating diseases ravaging most populations. Methodology, results, and discussion: The numerous plants earlier reported to be used for treating SCD were compiled along with their geographical locations (using relevant online databases when not provided in cited articles for each plant) and relative antisickling strength. The process of hemolysis in sickle cell diseases, a brief overview of the current treatments, and management of sickle cell diseases is considered in the chapter. The activities of endogenous antioxidants and some biochemical enzyme markers coupled to these plants’ ability to maintain the integrity of red blood cell membrane are discussed in line with their antisickling health benefits and are also used to proffer more reliable molecular therapeutic strategies for managing sickle cell diseases. Furthermore, the operational principles of some enzymes, as well as their contributions to advancement of knowledge for management of the disease, were examined. Conclusion: Geographical spread of these identified antisickling plants contributes to low levels of sickle cell patients where the potentials are known. More efforts should therefore be channeled toward increasing awareness about the plants, as well as harnessing their active principles to obtain a more lasting solution to sickle cell disease at the molecular level.
Avoidance of Duplicate Messages in P2p Network Using Cycle Minimization

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks, including flat (e.g.,Gnutella) and two-layer super-peer implementations (e.g., Kazaa), are extremely popular nowadays due to their simplicity, ease of deployment and versatility. The p2p network contains many cyclic paths which introduce numerous duplicate messages in the system. While such messages can be identified and ignored, they still consume a large proportion of the bandwidth and other resources, causing bottlenecks in the entire network. In this paper I describe DCMP,a dynamic ,fully decentralized protocol which reduces significantly the duplicate messages by eliminating unnecessary cycles. As queries are transmitted through the peers ,DCMP identifies the paths to break the cycles, while maintaining the connectivity of the network. With the information collected during this process distributed maintenance is performed efficiently even if peers quit the system without notification. DCMP can be easily implemented in various existing P2P systems.
Association of Polymorphisms in Fecundity Genes of GDF9, BMP15 and BMP15-1B with Litter Size in Iranian Baluchi Sheep

The incidence of mutation in three loci of GDF9, BMP15 and BMP15-1B and their effects on litter sizes was evaluated in Baluchi sheep. Wild-type alleles were detected for BMP15 and BMP15-1B loci and all individuals were found to be as non-carriers for FecB and mutations but, a G to A nucleotide substitution was found in GDF9 locus. The frequency of (0.82) wild type allele was higher than the frequency of (0.18) mutant allele and the frequencies of , and genotypes were 0.72, 0.20 and 0.08, respectively in GDF9 locus. The heterozygous () and homozygous () non-carrier ewes had 0.35 and 0.21 more lambs than the homozygous () carrier ewes, respectively (p gene has a major effect on litter size in this breed.
Comparison of Hemostatic Efficacy of ChitoGauze ® and Combat Gauze in a Lethal Femoral Arterial Injury in Swine Model

Abstract : Uncontrolled hemorrhage is the leading cause of death of soldiers in wartime. Quickly accessing and stabilizing the wound with effective hemostatic techniques is the key to saving lives on the battlefield. There exists a need for a hemostat that is efficacious in achieving hemostasis in severe traumatic combat wounds and easy to apply. The ChitoGauze dressing is composed of polyester/rayon blend non-woven medical gauze that is coated with chitosan. The four inch by four yard (4 x 4 yds) dressing is z-folded and packaged in a peelable foil pouch and is terminally sterilized. The hemostatic properties of chitosan enhance the ability of the medical gauze to control bleeding. ChitoGauze also offers antibacterial properties against a wide range of gram positive and gram negative organisms, including methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC33591 (MRSA), Enterococcus faecalis ATCC51299 (VRE) and Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC15308. In this study, we evaluated the hemostatic efficacy of two advanced hemostatic wound dressings: ChitoGauze (trademark) (HemCon Medical Technologies Inc., Portland, OR) and QuikClot (registered trademark) Combat Gauze (trademark) (ZMedica Co., Wallingford, CT), in a swine femoral arterial injury model. Surgical information including body weight, pre-treatment blood loss, vessel size and MAP change were similar between the two treatment groups. Average post treatment blood loss over three hours or survival was less in the ChitoGauze group than the Combat Gauze group (430 mL vs. 1180 mL). In the ChitoGauze group, seven (87.5%) animals achieved hemostasis and survived with minimal blood loss or oozing. Only two (25%) animals achieved immediate hemostasis and five (63%, p = 0.04) survived in the three hours observation time in the Combat Gauze group. In the survived animals, five out of seven animals had complete hemostasis in first attempt using the ChitoGauze; two out of five animals achieved hemostasis in first attempt with the Combat Gauze.
Moral Intelligence: Mind, Brain an the Law

This paper discusses several issues at the impact of cognitive neuroscience have to do with the current theoretical and methodological edifice of juridical science. Localizing the brain correlates related to moral judgments, using neuroimage techniques (and also studies on brain lesions), seems to be, without doubt, one of the big events in the history of the normative social sciences.The best neuroscientific model of normative judgment available today establishes that the ethical-cerebral law operator counts on, in his neural evaluative-affective systems, a permanent presence of requirements, obligations and strategies, with a “should be” that incorporates internally rational and emotional reasons, that are constitutively integrated in all the activities at the practical, theoretical and normal levels of every process of exercising the law. If we knew what intelligence was, either animal or human, we could perhaps undertake the task of tracking its evolution. Certainly, the previous requisite is not fulfilled. Intelligence, similarly to “mind”, “thought”, “will”, “intention” and most of the words used to speak of the actions resulting from any human being are concepts of common sense: we use them accepting the emptiness of their meanings so that, by introspection, we are all capable of understanding what they refer to. They define then, a condition, a way of being and working as “human”, and that the philosophers have taken centuries using the guise of a starting point to construct the ontological systems that occupy philosophical anthropology. The technical meaning of intelligence – or of any other of the terms mentionedis another. The author that has already studied in great depth and subtlety the human mental phenomenon searching to  Postdoctor in Social Theory, Ethics and Economy/ Pompeu Fabra University; Doctor in Juridical, Moral and Political Philosophy /Barcelona University; Master in Juridical-Civilistic Sciences/Coimbra University; Research Scholar at the Faculty of Law/CAUChristian-Albrechts-Universitat zu Kiel-Germany; Research Scholar in Anthropology and Human Evolution at the Laboratory of Human Systematics at the University of the Baleatic Islands/Spain; Research Scholar del Center for Evolutionary Psychology / University of California, Santa Barbara; Specialist In Public Law/UFPa. ; Professor Philosophy Law/ Amazonia University-Unama/PA; Honorific Collaborating Professor at the Department of Philosophy and Social Work/ University of the Baleatic Islands/Spain; Public Prosecutor –MPU/ Brazil.
Synthesis, characterization and activity of an immobilized photocatalyst: Natural porous diatomite supported TiO 2 nanoparticles

Diatomite, a porous non-metal mineral, was used as support to prepare TiO 2 /diatomite composites by a modified sol-gel method. The as-prepared composites were calcined at temperatures ranging from 450 to 950 o C. The characterization tests included X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements. The XRD analysis indicated that the binary mixtures of anatase and rutile exist in the composites. The morphology analysis confirmed the TiO 2 particles were uniformly immobilized on the surface of diatom with a strong interfacial anchoring strength, which leads to few drain of photocatalytic components during practical applications. In further XPS studies of hybrid catalyst, we found the evidence of the presence of Ti—O—Si bond and increased percentage of surface
WP / 15 / 49 Remittances and Macroeconomic Volatility in African Countries

This paper investigates the channels through which remittances affect macroeconomic volatility in African countries using a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model augmented with financial frictions. Empirical results indicate that remittances—as a share of GDP—have a significant smoothing impact on output volatility but their impact on consumption volatility is somewhat small. Furthermore, remittances are found to absorb a substantial amount of GDP shocks in these countries. An investigation of the theoretical channels shows that the stabilization impact of remittances essentially hinges on two channels: (i) the size of the negative wealth effect on labor supply induced by remittances and, (ii) the strength of financial frictions and the ability of remittances to alleviate these frictions. JEL Classification Numbers: C11, C51, E32
Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Damage in Human Chondrocytes: The Prophylactic Effects of Hypericum Perforatum Linn Extract on Deoxyribonucleic acid Damage, Apoptosis and Matrix Remodeling by a Disintegrin-Like and Metalloproteinase With Thrombospondin Motifs Proteinases

1Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty of Turgut Ozal University, Ankara, Turkey 2Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty of Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey 3Department of Biology Education, Gazi University, Faculty of Education, Ankara, Turkey 4Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty of Dumlupinar University, Kutahya, Turkey 5Department of Chemistry, Ankara Regional Office of Council of Forensic Medicine, Ankara, Turkey 6Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty of Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
The Excavations in Kebara Cave, Mt. Carmel [and Comments and Replies]

Resultats des fouilles recentes (1982-90) sur le site du Paleolithique moyen de Kebara, Israel. Synthese de la stratigraphie complexe du site et datation. Description des structures spatiales de foyers, cendres, concentrations d'os et d'artefacts. Resultats des etudes mineralogiques des sediments afin de determiner si la distribution spatiale des ossements animaux est le resultat d'activites humaines (charognage) ou de processus post-depositionnels. Synthese sur l'outillage lithique mousterien axee sur la technologie de production et les chaines operatoires. Analyse taphonomique des mammiferes, en particulier des ongules. Inventaire des restes humains du Paleolithique moyen et etude de la sepulture intentionnelle d'homme adulte