Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing the Purchase of Agro-Chemicals: from the Perspective of Sri Lankan Farmers

This study investigates the buying behavior of farmers towards agrochemical products which is considered as highly important for a healthy food concept. The key objective of the study is to investigate the key factors that influence and determine the buying behavior of farmers towards agro-chemicals. Questionnaire survey was conducted from 292 farmers selected by a convenient sampling in the district of Ampara, Sri Lanka. The multiple linear regression was used to achieve the objective of the study. The present study found that attitude, perceived availability, perceived price and product knowledge, word-of-mouth communication were significantly affecting the buying behavior of farmers towards agro-chemicals. Hence, the agrochemical marketers and dealers should formulate strategies to influence the buying behaviour of the farmers through effective marketing communications and made availabilities of agrochemical products in the market. This scenario would lead the agro-chemical consumers to avoid any irresponsible buying behaviors. This research is an opportunity and an eye-opener for marketers to increase their contribution towards agrochemical business and fulfill the demand for agrochemicals without any harm to the society and the environment.
Effects of Royal Jelly Supplementation on Growth Plate Zones and Longitudinal Growth in Young Rats

Kralice arilarin ana besin ogesini olusturan Ari sutu, isci arilarin mandibular bezlerinden salgilanmaktadir. Son yillarda, ailelerin cocuklarinin buyumesine yardimci olmak icin Arisutu’nu uygulamasinda artis oldugu gozlenmektedir. Bu calismada arisutu verilen genc sicanlarda buyume plagi zonlarina olan etkisi ve hormonal etkilerini (ostrodiol, buyume hormone ve insulin benzeri buyume faktoru-1) arastirdik. 30 adet 7 gunluk sican randomize olarak iki gruba ayrildi. Bir gruba annesutunun yanisira 15 gun suresince gavaj yolu ile gunde 50 mg/kg Ari sutu uygulandi. Calismanin sonunda RJ verilen grubun gore ortalama agirligi kontrol grubuna daha fazla ve ortalama kuyruk uzunluklari daha uzundu (p<0.001; p=0.04). Plazma buyume hormonu ve ostradiol seviyesi RJ g rubunda daha yuksek olarak sonuclandi (p=0.03; p=0.04). Buyume plaginin uzunlugu RJ grubunda control grubuna gore daha uzun oldugu tespit edildi. Ayrica buyume plaginin proliferative zonunda ostrojen reseptor ekspresyonu RJ grubunda control grubuna gore daha fazla oldugu gozlendi (p<0.001). Calisma sonunda buyume plagi zonlari, ostrodiol, buyume hormonu ve insulin benzeri buyume faktoru-1 olculdu. Bu calisma sonucunda Ari sutu’nun buyume plagi zonlarinda ve serumda ostrodiol ile buyume hormonunun artisi oldugu ancak buyume plaginin uzamasinin Arisutunun potansiyel ostrojenik etkisine bagli olacagi belirtildi.
A literature review on environmental concerns in logistics: trends and future challenges

ABSTRACT This study contributes to the discussion in that, the study integrates reverse logistics, closed-loop logistics, green logistics and environmental logistics in a review and presents a generic conceptual model for understanding the implementation process of environmental practices in logistics. However, little effort has been reviewed on environmental concerns in logistics such as reverse logistics, green logistics, closed-loop logistics/supply chain and environmental logistics. The 2009–2018 data was collected from the Scopus and Web of Science. The metadata analysis reveals descriptive information such as influential authors, journals, subject area, top publishing countries, most common words used in the titles etc. The content analysis reveals the development of four broad classifications of the extant literature, namely concept and theory development, drivers and barriers, presentation of optimisation models and assessment and evaluation.
How old can we go? Evaluating the age limit for effective DNA recovery from historical insect specimens

Historical museum specimens are valuable for exploring population genetics and evolutionary questions because they can provide snapshots of morphological and genetic characteristics from populations over space and time. Unfortunately, DNA found in older museum specimens is frequently degraded, so obtaining genotypes from many individual samples necessary for rigorous molecular population genetic studies is challenging. Previous studies have varied greatly in their success at obtaining genotypes from older preserved insect material. Many well‐intentioned collection curators have used research results showing poor preservation of DNA preserved in museum specimens to inform curatorial best practices, in some cases choosing not to allow DNA extraction by destructive sampling because, in their estimation, the likelihood of success would be low. Recent methodological advances in DNA extraction, amplification, and genotyping have allowed some researchers to include mid‐19th century samples in molecular genetic analyses. Here we present a robust, high‐throughput, and low‐cost DNA extraction and genotyping protocol for historical insect specimens employing restriction digests of PCR products followed by high sensitivity electrophoresis. Using this technique, we obtained mitochondrial haplotypes for 100% of 48 New World Junonia butterfly specimens (Nymphalidae) ranging in age from pre‐1813 to 1909 and show that the haplotype frequencies obtained are statistically indistinguishable from 20th‐century and contemporary reference populations of Junonia (1632 specimens) matched by geographic region. As most extant insect specimens were collected after 1813, based on our findings we would expect that many or even most pinned specimens preserved in museum collections contain usable DNA for mitochondrial haplotyping.
Relevance and utility in an educational search environment

Technology is increasingly being used in education. Children are also increasingly using search engines when searching for information on certain themes. The question of what is a good search system to use in education has still not been answered definitively. In this article we explain the steps Wizenoze takes to build and evaluate a good search system. We split our analysis in the way Cooper already proposed in 1971 as the two aspects of relevance: logical relevance and utility.
Aussagemöglichkeiten der frühen Belastungsmyokardszintigraphie nach PTCA

Zusammenfassung Bei 69 Patienten mit Koronarstenosen >60% wurde vor und nach primär erfolgreicher PTCA eine szintigraphische Kontrolle durchgeführt. Angiographisch fand sich eine Reduktion des mittleren Stenosegrads von 74 ± 10% auf 31 ± 11% (58% Abnahme). Die tomographische Belastungsmyokardszintigraphie mit 201TI zeigte bei der Frühkontrolle innerhalb von 3 Wochen nach PTCA eine Verkleinerung des Perfusionsdefektes von 17,0 ± 14,6 auf 5,8 ± 7,8 relative Einheiten (66% Abnahme). Nach 6 Monaten wurde angiographisch bei 22/41 Patienten (54%) eine Re-Stenosierung nachgewiesen. Die szintigraphische Frühkontrolle erlaubte hierzu keine prognostische Aussage (positiver und negativer Vorhersagewert bei Eingefäßerkrankungen: 61% bzw. 41%). Eine szintigraphische Kontrolle des Dilatationserfolgs ist dagegen möglich (Sensitivität 83%), wenn auch unmittelbar nach dem Eingriff reversible Speicherdefekte als Hinweis auf Ischämie noch häufig auftreten (alle Patienten: 43/69; Patienten mit Eingefäßerkrankung: 31/55) und nicht gleichbedeutend mit einem Mißerfolg sind. Wegen dieser residualen Perfusionsstörungen unmittelbar nach PTCA ist ein Vergleich mit dem Befund vor Dilatation Voraussetzung für eine sichere Erfolgskontrolle.
Green synthesis of reactive dye for ink‐jet printing

Chloropyrimidine-based reactive dyes are reported as well suited to textile printing; however, nucleophilic aromatic substitution of chloropyrimidines with amino-containing chromophores is slow and often suffers from poor yields. In this study, a novel and simple method was developed for the synthesis of chloropyrimidine-based reactive dye under microwave irradiation. In addition, the dye was also synthesised by conventional heating for comparison, which took both the reaction time and yield into account. The progress of the synthesis reactions concerned were monitored using capillary electrophoresis and the purity of the dye obtained was assessed by thin-layer chromatography. The structure of the synthesised trichloropyrimidine dye was confirmed by Fourier Transform–infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. It was found that the reaction rate of the nucleophilic aromatic substitution carried out under microwave irradiation was 4-fold faster than that carried out under conventional heating, although the enhancement in product yield was modest. These results suggest that microwave irradiation is an effective technique for the synthesis of chloropyrimidine-based reactive dyes. The synthesised chloropyrimidine dye was formulated into an ink and applied onto a wool fabric by ink-jet printing. The printed fabrics were steamed at 102°C for 5-25 minutes at 5-minute intervals. Good K/S and rate of dye fixation were obtained, both of which improved with increasing steaming time. The prints obtained exhibited reasonably good light and wash fastness properties.
Reduced levels of glutathione in liver and tumour tissue of the mouse after administration of eupatoriopicrin

In this study the effect of the cytostatic acting sesquiterpene lactone eupatoriopicrin, isolated from Eupatorium cannabinum L. , on gluthathione (GSH) levels in liver and tumour tissue of the mouse is described. C57Bl mice, bearing a solidly growing Lewis Lung carcinoma or a FIO 26 fibrosarcoma, with a volume between 500–1000 μL, were injected with eupatoriopicrin 20 or 40 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.) or intravenously (i.v.). At different time points, between 0–48 h after administration, the GSH content in liver and tumour tissue was determined. A dose dependent reduction of the GSH content was found. No difference in reduction was seen between i.p. and i.v. administration, but the route of administration appeared to be of great importance regarding acute toxicity: 40 mg/kg i.p. was lethal within 48 h, whereas mice receiving the same dose i.v. survived for over three months.
Spatial variation in the benthic community composition of coral reefs in the Wakatobi Marine National Park, Indonesia: updated baselines and limited benthic community shifts

Abstract Coral reefs have experienced extensive degradation across the world over the last 50 years as a result of a variety of stressors operating at a range of spatial and temporal scales. In order to assess whether declines are continuing, or if reefs are recovering, detailed baseline information is required from across wide spatial scales. Unfortunately, for some regions this information is not readily available, making future reef trajectories difficult to determine. Here we characterized the current benthic community state for coral reefs in the Wakatobi region of Indonesia, one of the most biodiverse marine regions in the world. We surveyed 10 reef sites (5, 10 and 15 m depth) to explore spatial variation in coral reef benthic communities and provide a detailed baseline. Previous data (2002–2011) were available for coral, sponges, algae and soft coral at six of our study sites. Using this information, we determined if any changes had occurred in dominance of these benthic groups. We found that benthic assemblage composition differed significantly over relatively small spatial scales (2–10 km) and hard coral cover was highly variable, ranging from 7–48% (average 19.5% ± 1.5 SE). While coral cover appears to have declined at all sites where data were available since 2002, we found little evidence for widespread increases in other benthic groups or regime shifts. Our study provides a comprehensive baseline dataset for the region that can be used in the future to determine rates of change in benthic communities.
Trends toward amelioration of cisplatin nephrotoxicity

Abstract Cisplatin is an antineoplastic substance extensively administered in chemotherapy of various cancers like ovarian, lung, bladder, breast, head and neck, and testicular malignancies. Conversely, its clinical application was significantly restricted due to unanticipated and very severe nephrotoxicity. Additionally effective cancer chemotherapy with this agent has been further complicated by the lack of information regarding the manner of action and factors responsible for provoking the anticancer activity. Studies regarding the side effects of cisplatin, showed acute and cumulative nephrotoxicity associated with morphological injury, has been detected in both animal and human investigations. Core tip Cisplatin is one of the most potent antineoplastic substance in chemotherapy of various malignancies. Regardless of the high risk for kidney injury, the application of high doses of cisplatin is often desirable due to of the drug's dose-dependent property. The most recent toxicity-modulating modalities to date have been mostly directed against acute cisplatin kidney injury. The renal toxicity is a function of serum peak concentrations, which can be diminished by increasing the hydration, hyperosmolar solutions and appropriate herbal antioxidant. Citation Nasri H. Trends toward amelioration of cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Ann Res Antioxid. 2016;1(2):e18.
Eliminating unwanted signals in sound by using digital signal processing system

Unwanted signals or noise signals in sound files are considered one of the major challenges and issues for a thousand users. It is impossible to reduce or remove these noise signals without identifying their types and ranges. Therefore, to address one of the big problems in the digital or analogue communication, which is noise signals or unwanted signals, an adaptive selection method and noise signal removal algorithm are proposed in this research. The proposed algorithm is done through specifying the types of undesirable signals, frequency, and time range, then utilizing digital signal processing system which includes design several types of digital filters based on the types and numbers of unwanted signals. Four digital filters are used in this research to remove noise signals from the sound file by implementing the proposed algorithm using Matlab Code. Results show that our proposed algorithm was done successfully and the whole noise signals were removed without any negative consequence in the output sound signal. Unwanted signals or noise signals in sound files are considered one of the major challenges and issues for a thousand users. It is impossible to reduce or remove these noise signals without identifying their types and ranges. Therefore, to address one of the big problems in the digital or analogue communication, which is noise signals or unwanted signals, an adaptive selection method and noise signal removal algorithm are proposed in this research. The proposed algorithm is done through specifying the types of undesirable signals, frequency, and time range, then utilizing digital signal processing system which includes design several types of digital filters based on the types and numbers of unwanted signals. Four digital filters are used in this research to remove noise signals from the sound file by implementing the proposed algorithm using Matlab Code. Results show that our proposed algorithm was done successfully and the whole noise signals were removed without any negative consequence in the output sound signal.
La violencia de género y su implicación con el Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana (VIH) y las Enfermedades de Trasmisión Sexual (ETS)

Violence is one of the social problems that affect women. It can be expressed in different ways, and is often supported by the social construction of gender. This unequal treatment between the genders has implications that can have an impact on a woman’s sexual decisions. The use of sexual protection, sexual negotiation, the possibility of revealing positive diagnoses are several factors that can be affected by violence in the relationship. This cultural construction of gender can influence the risks a woman takes in terms of her sexual health. For these reasons, relationship violence can limit the ways a woman can protect herself from the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD).
Place attachment and learning outcomes among tourists who volunteer for a U.S. National Park science volunteer program

Abstract Volunteer science programs are designed to increase public understanding and appreciation of science by creating opportunities for the public to engage in science. This research assesses the impact of Map of Life-Denali on its volunteers. This program calls on park visitors to record wildlife observations while they visit Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska. This paper focuses specifically on place attachment and learning outcomes for the volunteers, who are mainly tourists. Results from volunteer surveys show positive volunteer outcomes of the program, with implications for the continuation of this program and the institution of others.
Medizinisch klinische Diagnostik bei Schimmelpilzexposition in Innenräumen

Autoren G. A. Wiesmüller1,2,a,b, B. Heinzow3,a,b, U. Aurbach4,a, K. -C. Bergmann5,a,b, A. Bufe6,b, W. Buzina7,a,b, O. A. Cornely8,a,b, S. Engelhart9,a,b, G. Fischer10,a, T. Gabrio11,a, W. Heinz12,a, C. E. W. Herr13,14,a,b, J. Kleine-Tebbe15,a,b, L. Klimek16,a,b, M. Köberle17,a,b, H. Lichtnecker18,a, T. Lob-Corzilius19,a,b, R. Merget20,a,b, N. Mülleneisen21,a,b, D. Nowak22,a,b, U. Rabe23,a,b, M. Raulf20,a,b, H. P. Seidl24,a,b, J.-O. Steiß25,26,a,b, R. Szewszyk27,a,b, P. Thomas28,a,b, K. Valtanen27,a, J. Hurraß2,a,b Leitlinie 699
Intelligent Sharing for LTE and WiFi Systems in Unlicensed Bands: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach

Operating LTE networks in unlicensed bands together with legacy WiFi systems is deemed as a promising technique to support explosively growing mobile traffic. In conventional LTE/WiFi spectrum sharing schemes, LTE systems need to know WiFi traffic demands for optimizing system parameters to protect WiFi systems, for which the two systems are required to cooperate with each other via signallings exchanges. However, it is difficult to establish a dedicated channel among the two independent systems for exchanging signallings. Hence, in this paper, we propose an intelligent duty-cycle medium access control protocol to realize the effective and fair spectrum sharing between LTE and WiFi systems without requiring signalling exchanges. Specifically, we first design a duty-cycle spectrum sharing framework, which allows an LTE system to share the spectrum with a WiFi system by using time sharing. After that, we develop deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based algorithms to learn WiFi traffic demands by analyzing WiFi channel activity, e.g., the idleness/business of WiFi channels, which can be observed by the LTE system via monitoring WiFi channels. Based on the learnt knowledge, the LTE system can adaptively optimize LTE transmission time to maximize its own throughput and meanwhile to provide sufficient protection to the WiFi system. Simulation results show that, in terms of LTE throughput and WiFi protection, the performance of the proposed intelligent scheme can approach that of the genie-aided exhaustive search algorithm, which needs the perfect knowledge of WiFi traffic demands through massive signalling exchanges and is of high computational complexity.
Ibrutinib Exposure and B-Cell Depletion Induced By Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibodies Rituximab and Obinutuzumab: Is There a Rationale for Combination Studies?

Introduction: Ibrutinib is an irreversible first-in-class inhibitor of BTK (Bruton tyrosine kinase) approved for the therapy of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Ongoing or planned clinical studies evaluate the combination of ibrutinib the CD20 antibodies rituximab or obinutuzumab (GA101) in CLL (first-line and relapsed). However, some concerns have emerged due to published preclinical data showing that ibrutinib can interfere with efficacy of therapeutic antibodies in vitro and in vivo through two main mechanisms, (i) inhibition of NK-dependent ADCC through specific targeting of BTK/ITK signaling in effector cells (Kohrt et al., Blood, 2014 Mar 20;123(12):1957-60), and (ii) through modulation of CD20 expression at the surface of tumor target cells (Bojarczuk B et al. Leukemia 2014;28:1163-67). Nevertheless, clinical trials show an increased overall response rate comparing rituximab+ibrutinib and ibrutinib alone (Burger J., ASH 2013, Abstract 675). Two intriguing points prompted us to conduct our current study: (i) 0.1-1microM ibrutinib doses were used in these published data, and in phase I studies, mean peak concentration of ibrutinib 420mg/d in CLL patients were 72ng/ml (0.16microM), and (ii) loss of CD20 expression recovered rapidly after wash-out periods. We therefore evaluated B-cell depletion induced by rituximab (RTX) and obinutuzumab (GA101) in vitro, using peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples taken from relapsed CLL patients (pts) under ibrutinib monotherapy (420mg/d). Methods: In 8 pts (median prior lines=4, range=2-8), PBMCs were collected before ibrutinib initiation and after 1 and 2 months of therapy. PBMC were seeded at 10 x 106 cells/mL in culture medium and treated for 7 days with 10µg/mL control IgG1 (trastuzumab), rituximab or GA101. The specific percentage of remaining B cells in monoclonal antibodies–treated samples was calculated as (absolute number in treated samples/absolute number in control samples) x 100. For each condition, the absolute number of remaining B cells was calculated as total viable cell number (trypan blue exclusion determination) x % of viable CD19+/CD5+ lymphocytes (flow cytometry determination). For statistical analyses, Student9s test (paired, two-sided) was used. Results:In patients prior to start of ibrutinib treatment, GA101-induced B cell depletion was significantly higher than that observed with rituximab (mean 51.4% vs 32.4%) as shown in Figure 1 (**p Conclusions: Previous preclinical investigations suggesting antagonistic effects between rituximab and ibrutinib were confirmed by our tests using ibrutinib-exposed PBMCs from CLL patients under ibrutinib treatment. Yet, over time a significant recovery of ADCC over time was observed, and since complement components are left unaffected by ibrutinib, the combination of ibrutinib and rituximab or GA101 are supported. Disclosures Klein:Roche: Employment, Equity Ownership, Patents & Royalties.
Mudanças intraministeriais e gestão da coalizão: Brasil, de 1990 a 2014

Resumo Este artigo analisa as mudanças na estrutura interna dos ministérios no Poder Executivo brasileiro entre os anos de 1990 e 2014. O argumento geral é de que, no presidencialismo de coalizão, o presidente se posiciona em uma complexa rede de delegação em que enfrenta diversos custos de agência e, para lidar com isso, dispõe de uma caixa de ferramentas a serem usadas. A literatura aponta para algumas dessas ferramentas, porém, pouco explora o poder administrativo, relacionado à dimensão estrutural dos ministérios. Nesse sentido, o artigo visa contribuir com esse debate ao endereçar a seguinte questão: quais fatores influenciaram as mudanças estruturais nos ministérios do Executivo brasileiro nos anos de 1990 a 2014? Em outras palavras, o poder administrativo é um recurso empregado pelo presidente para lidar com os custos de agência decorrentes de sua relação com os partidos da coalizão? Caso contrário, quais outros fatores podem influenciar a decisão do presidente para utilizar tal poder? O estudo longitudinal é de caráter explicativo e adota uma abordagem quantitativa de pesquisa. Os resultados mostraram que o presidente utiliza com cautela seu poder administrativo de redesenho ministerial, fortalecendo as estruturas dos ministérios mais salientes para a sua agenda e dos ministérios mais institucionalizados.