Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lithological structure of the Gal apagos Plume

[1] We have measured Ni, Ca, and Mn in olivine phenocrysts from volcanoes in the Gal apagos Archipelago to infer the mantle source lithologies. Results show that peridotite is the dominant source lithology for Fernandina, Floreana, Genovesa, Wolf Island, and Darwin Island. These volcanoes largely characterize the PLUME, WD, FLO, and DUM Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic endmembers of Harpp and White (2001). Volcan Wolf, Alcedo, Marchena, and Cerro Azul, also produced from the melting of peridotite sources, have isotopic compositions that can be defined by mixing of the four isotopic endmembers. Our analysis suggests that peridotite was present in the sources of the volcanoes covered in this study and therefore is the dominant source lithology of the Gal apagos plume. Pyroxenite melting is generally focused in two isotopically distinct domains: Roca Redonda, Volcan Ecuador, and Sierra Negra in the enriched western part of the archipelago and Santiago, Santa Cruz, and Santa Fe in the depleted east. One implication of this finding is that the Western and Eastern Pyroxenite Domains represent two separate bodies of recycled crust within the Gal apagos mantle plume. Furthermore, both isotopically enriched and depleted domains of the archipelago were generated from mixtures of peridotite and pyroxenite. This suggests that there is no relationship between the source lithology of the Gal apagos plume and its isotopic characteristics. The identification of peridotitesource melting in volcanoes with isotopic characteristics that have been attributed to recycled crust points to the importance of mixing in OIB genesis, consistent with studies in the Canary Islands.
A distributed Workflow Management System for Collaborative Product Development

Collaborative Product Development (CPD) has been widely accepted as an advanced paradigm to combine geographical distributed project teams to develop more competitive products. However, the process management for CPD is still a challenging research issue due to the distributed and dynamic nature of the problem currently. At the base of our previous study on process-view approach for inter-enterprises workflows, a P2P based and Web services-oriented distributed Workflow Management System (WMS) is built in this paper, which provides a scalable and flexible architecture for CPD process management. At last, the collaborative development of the motor, clutch and frame of an automobile is given as the case study, to validate the built distributed WMS.
Cryptanalysis of a new lightweight RFID mutual authentication protocol with cache in reader for IoT

RFID is widely used in the Internet of things system. The limited RFID storage and computing resources, make RFID certification face many security and privacy problems. To solve the problems, many schemes have been proposed. In 2017, an advanced lightweight RFID mutual authentication protocol with cache in the reader is proposed by Li et al. After analyzing Li et al.'s protocol, we find that the protocol is vulnerable to attacks. To enhance security, we reconstruct some authentication data and propose an improved protocol. We also show the improved protocols can resist security attacks.
Approximate nearest neighbors by deep hashing on large-scale search: Comparison of representations and retrieval performance

The growing volume of data and its increasing complexity require even more efficient and faster information retrieval techniques. Approximate nearest neighbor search algorithms based on hashing were proposed to query high-dimensional datasets due to its high retrieval speed and low storage cost. Recent studies promote the use of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with hashing techniques to improve the search accuracy. However, there are challenges to solve in order to find a practical and efficient solution to index CNN features, such as the need for a heavy training process to achieve accurate query results and the critical dependency on data-parameters. In this work we execute exhaustive experiments in order to compare recent methods that are able to produces a better representation of the data space with a less computational cost for a better accuracy by computing the best data-parameter values for optimal sub-space projection exploring the correlations among CNN feature attributes using fractal theory. We give an overview of these different techniques and present our comparative experiments for data representation and retrieval performance.
Bit-level pipelining for highly parallel turbo-code decoders: A critical assessment

The degree to which Turbo-Code decoder architectures can be parallelized is constrained by requirements for flexibility with respect to code block sizes and code rates. At the same time throughput requirements are expected to increase by a factor of up to 20x for 5G networks, which are currently undergoing standardization. The limiting factors for the throughput of a Turbo-Code decoder are maximum clock frequency and maximum degree of parallelization on architecture level. The maximum clock frequency is determined by the critical path, which, for the Map decoder, lies in the add-compare-select operations. In this paper, we investigate the use of bit-level pipelined add-compare-select units in a highly parallel Turbo-Code decoder. We extend the concept, which has up to now only been used for Viterbi decoders, to support a minimum selection and investigate in detail different number representations. Moreover, we present a fully LTE-A Pro compatible decoder architecture based on bit-level pipelining and show, that bit-level pipelining allows a 14% increase of throughput at the cost of a 40% area increase.
Pulse-$IV$ Characterization of Charge-Transient Behavior of SONOS-Type Devices With or Without a Thin Tunnel Oxide

The transient behavior of SONOS-type devices was investigated for the first time using pulse- IV technique. Three kinds of SONOS devices are studied: SONS (without top oxide), SONoS (with a thin top oxide), and SoNOS (with a thin bottom oxide). Devices with or without a thin tunnel oxide were able to provide very fast charge injection/detrapping, but their charge-transient behavior cannot be accurately monitored by conventional DC-IV method. By using specific pulse-IV setup for memory, we can measure the drain current response immediately after programming and erasing, as well as the fast charge relaxation under various reliability tests. The program and erase transient behavior shows that all devices are easily programmed and erased within 1 mus at low gate voltages (<6 V). Moreover, SONS shows the fastest program and erase speeds because of the absence of tunnel oxide, and silicon nitride has very low barrier height that offers fast injection. We have also examined the charge relaxation under various field and temperature conditions and found that the charge loss mainly came from external charge injection during retention, not from detrapping through thermionic emission.
The World's Youth: The Kaleidoscope of Adolescence: Experiences of the World's Youth at the Beginning of the 21st Century

A century ago people were intrigued by a new invention, the forerunner of the modern kinescope. By inserting a strip of paper containing a series of pictures into a drum, then spinning the drum while peering through a set of slits around the drum's perimeter, one could watch the pictures on the paper slowly coalesce into a repetitive set of coordinated movements. From the drum's disparate pictures, a single, moving picture appeared before one's eyes. In many respects, our understanding of adolescence at the outset of the 21st century mimics this instrument of entertainment from Victorian parlors. We spin together the related but distinctive features of life for youth around the world and discern a common image of their movement from childhood into adulthood. At a superficial level the pictures coalesce to give the impression that young people worldwide share the same challenges, interests, and concerns. We speak of the emergence of a “global youth culture” (Schlegel 2000), in which young people – at least in the middle class – wear the same clothing and hair styles, listen to some of the same music, and adopt similar slang expressions. We remark on how the world is “shrinking” by virtue of new technologies (e.g., the Internet) that bring people from far-flung corners of the globe into close contact with each other. We emphasize the commonality of experience among youth as opposing ideologies falter and economic systems begin to meld.
Classification of email using BeaKS: Behavior and keyword stemming

Spam mails are one of the greatest challenges faced by internet service providers, organizations and internet users in unison. Spam mails may be targeted, with a malicious intent or just as a commercial marketing activity - on the whole unwanted by everyone except the dispatcher. Spam filters continuously evolve as spammers go techno-savvy and creative. Machine learning algorithms have been popularly used for classifying and predicting mails as spam or ham (the good emails). This work presents a spam filter, BeaKS, with a focused preprocessing phase that weaves both the content of the email and two behavioral characteristics extracted from the email, to predict the category a mail belongs to: spam or ham. The accuracy of the proposed prediction model using Random Forests as the classifier is shown to be superior over other recent techniques. This approach is simple, easy to implement and reliable.
H i 21 cm opacity fluctuations power spectra towards Cassiopeia A

The angular power spectrum of H I 21 cm opacity fluctuations is a useful statistic for quantifying the observed opacity fluctuations as well as for comparing these with theoretical models. We present here the H I 21 cm opacity fluctuation power spectrum towards the supernova remnant Cas A from interferometric data with spacial resolution of 5 arcsec and spectral resolution of 0.4 km s −1 . The power spectrum has been estimated using a simple but robust visibility-based technique. We find that the power spectrum is well fitted by a power law P τ (U) =Uα with a power-law index of α ~ ;−2.86 ± 0.10 (3s error) over the scales of 0.07-2.3 pc for the gas in the Perseus spiral arm and 0.002-0.07 pc (480-15 730 au) for that in the local arm. This estimated power-law index is consistent with earlier observational results based on both H I emission over larger scales and absorption studies over a similar range of scales. We do not detect any statistically significant change in the power-law index with the velocity width of the frequency channels. This constrains the power-law index of the velocity structure function to be β= 0.2 ± 0.6 (3σ error).
DESIGN OF DISCRETE CONTROLLER IN MATLAB

The aim of this paper is a design of discrete controller for control of linear continuous systems using chosen methods. Different design methods of discrete controllers are used for different types of continuous systems. These methods are compared in terms of quality of control. The design of discrete controller is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink (Graphical User Interface GUI), where user can design, compare and verify different controllers applying proposed methods.
Le bilan sociétal, un outil novateur d’évaluation de l’impact global des coopératives agricoles

Cet article presente la demarche d’experimentation du bilan societal actuellement conduite par la Confederation francaise de la cooperation agricole (CFCA). Ce sont aussi bien les finalites que les modalites de mise en oeuvre au sein des cooperatives qui sont developpees ici par le president de la CFCA. Outil pour evaluer l’opportunite des reponses cooperatives aux demandes sociales, le bilan societal doit aussi constituer une aide a la decision strategique et permettre une meilleure implication des adherents.
Efficient coupling of nano-plasmonics to micro-photonic circuitry

An ultrashort (2.5 microns) tapered plasmon waveguide coupler with overall 70% coupling efficiency from a micron size dielectric waveguide to a 50 nm metal-clad plasmon waveguide was proposed, and related plasmonic-oscillatory modes interactions were investigated.
Plasma expansion from a dielectric electron cyclotron resonance source

The boundary conditions in an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) source have been modified to mimic the operating conditions where current-free double-layers (DLs) have been recently measured in rf helicon plasmas. The plasma is heated or generated by the ECR at 875 G inside a dielectric source tube, and expands into a grounded diffusion chamber (terminated by a glass plate) by a rapidly decreasing magnetic field. Preliminary studies of the plasma expansion have been performed. For the present conditions (1 mTorr, 500 G and 500 W), no DL is observed near the source exit and the plasma diffusion is well described by a Bolzmann expansion.
Origins of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the hydrothermal vent worms Ridgea piscesae and Protis hydrothermica

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential nutrients for all marine animals that have previously been studied. Most marine animals obtain long-chain PUFAs from their diets (i.e. as products of photosynthetic processes) and few are known to be able to produce these compounds de novo. Deep-sea vent organisms live in an environment that is relatively isolated from photosynthetic sources of PUFAs, yet some species are known to contain substantial amounts of these compounds. To further understand the origins of PUFAs in deep-sea vent animals, we studied 2 annelid species; a vestimentiferan tubeworm (class Pogonophora) with endosymbiotic bacteria, and a tubicolous serpulid polychaete that feeds heterotrophically. The vestimentiferan tubeworms Ridgeia piscesae from the Juan de Fuca Ridge are rich in the monounsaturated fatty acids 16:1n-7 and 18:1n-7, the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) 20:5n-3 and 20:4n-6, and the non-methylene- interrupted PUFAs 20:2∆ 5, 13. They also contain small but significant amounts of the PUFAs 18:2n-6, 18:3n-3 and 22:6n-3. δ 13 C values of ca -14‰ for 16:1n-7 and 18:1n-7 suggest that these fatty acids are synthesised by chemosynthetic processes at the vent site. A δ 13 C value of -22‰ for 20:5n-3 in R. piscesae makes it impossible to conclusively attribute the origin of this fatty acid to either the photic zone or hydrothermal vents. The lipids of the serpulid polychaete Protis hydrothermica from the East Pacific Rise are also rich in 16:1n-7 and contain the unusual PUFAs 18:3n-7. They also contain signif- icant amounts of 20:1n-13 and the PUFAs 20:3n-9, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3. Other than 22:6n-3, which had a δ 13 C of -22‰, the fatty acids in P. hydrothermica had δ 13 C values ranging from -33‰ to -41‰. This is consistent with the fatty acids of P. hydrothermica, other than 22:6n-3 but including 20:5n-3, originating from a chemoautotrophic carbon source in the hydrothermal vent. It cannot be excluded that the 22:6n-3 in P. hydrothermica originates in the photic zone. Potential origins of the long-chain PUFAs in hydrothermal vent animals, whether produced by photo- or chemotrophic processes or by pro- or eukaryotic organisms, are considered.
Comparative Analysis of Automatic Vehicle Classification Techniques: A Survey

Vehicle classification has emerged as a significant field of study because of its importance in variety of applications like surveillance, security system, traffic congestion avoidance and accidents prevention etc. So far numerous algorithms have been implemented for classifying vehicle. Each algorithm follows different procedures for detecting vehicles from videos. By evaluating some of the commonly used techniques we highlighted most beneficial methodology for classifying vehicles. In this paper we pointed out the working of several video based vehicle classification algorithms and compare these algorithms on the basis of different performance metrics such as classifiers, classification methodology or principles and vehicle detection ratio etc. After comparing these parameters we concluded that Hybrid Dynamic Bayesian Network (HDBN) Classification algorithm is far better than the other algorithms due to its nature of estimating the simplest features of vehicles from different videos. HDBN detects vehicles by following important stages of feature extraction, selection and classification. It extracts the rear view information of vehicles rather than other information such as distance between the wheels and height of wheel etc.
Challenges in the treatment of anxiety disorders: beyond guidelines

Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent, come in many forms and are often chronic, with many patients requiring long-term maintenance therapy. Anxiety and depression may also be comorbid in up to 50% of patients, leading to problems during diagnosis and treatment. Despite their frequency, the recognition and treatment of anxiety disorders is frequently suboptimal, with as few as 15% of patients obtaining treatment consistent with evidence-based care recommendations. Current treatment guidelines for anxiety disorders include a range of pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches. However, the use of these guidelines alone may not be sufficient to improve patient outcomes. Optimal treatments for anxiety should be based on chronic disease management and balance efficacy with long-term tolerability. Current first-line therapies should include broad-spectrum agents that have proven efficacy in treating both anxiety and depression and are effective across all treatment phases. The allosteric serotonin reuptake inhibitor (ASRI), escitalopram, is a particularly effective treatment, offering high rates of remission combined with relatively low rates of discontinuation due to adverse events. Combination therapy involving medication and psychological approaches, e.g., cognitive behavioral therapy, may also be helpful. Novel approaches to delivering psychotherapy and self-management via the Internet may address accessibility issues for evidence-based psychological treatments.
Evaluation of indication performance using contrast sensitivity chart based on novel photometry

The purpose of this study is to quantitatively assess a performance indicator that measures such factors as readability or visibility. We used novel photometric equipment: a charge-coupled device sensor that can measure the distribution of luminance. On various types of paper, we printed a specific striped pattern with predetermined spatial frequency and brightness contrast, and then measured the luminance distribution. We parameterized the luminance distribution and also conducted a subjective assessment to determine the performance. We assessed the visibility quantitatively using multiple regression analysis on the parameters obtained from the photometric sensor. We determined that performance indicators, such as visibility, for printing paper can be assessed by measuring three parameters: spatial frequency, contrast of a striped pattern, and luminance of the background.
A Novel Nitroreductase of Staphylococcus aureus with S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase Activity

ABSTRACT In this report we show that inactivation of the putative nitroreductase SA0UHSC_00833 (ntrA) increases the sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus to S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and augments its resistance to nitrofurans. S. aureus NtrA is a bifunctional enzyme that exhibits nitroreductase and GSNO reductase activity. A phylogenetic analysis suggests that NtrA is a member of a novel family of nitroreductases that seems to play a dual role in vivo, promoting nitrofuran activation and protecting the cell against transnitrosylation.
An 800mW fully-integrated 130nm CMOS DC-DC step-down multi-phase converter, with on-chip spiral inductors and capacitors

A fully-integrated DC-DC step-down four-phase converter in a 130 nm 1.2 V CMOS technology is realized. Integrated metal-track inductors and integrated MOS and MIM capacitors are used for the output filter. No external components are required. The converter is designed to generate an output voltage of 1.2 V out of a 2.6 V supply voltage. Stacked transistors are used to cope with the high voltage. The maximum power conversion efficiency is 58 %, for a voltage conversion ratio of 0.46. This yields a 21 % Efficiency Enhancement Factor over a linear regulator. The maximum output power of 800 mW is the highest ever reported for a fully-integrated DC-DC converter, by the authors knowledge. A novel control system, based on a Semi-Constant on/off-time keeps the output voltage constant at varying load and line conditions. Moreover it ensures stability over the entire load range from 0 mW to 800 mW.
Mixed and Augmented Reality Innovations in Beijing Institute of Technology

Introductions are given to key technologies of various Mixed and Augmented Reality systems developed and realized at Beijing Institute of Technology. The automatic calibration method for the multi-projector systems is studied and a new constrained color-matching algorithm has been investigated to remove the color variations. The optical see-through head-mounted display (OST-HMD) utilizing an ultra-light wide-angle eyepiece is designed and a fast recalibration method based on an equivalent camera model is presented. The passive haptics is applied in a mixed reality system and the perception consistency of visual and tactile information has been explored. To interact with the augmented reality system more intuitively, a hand detection method and a gesture recognition algorithm has been developed. An experimental teaching system has been developed which integrates the AR technology, gesture interactions with the video mediated collaboration in an effort to enhance the skill learning among spatially distributed users.
Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Progress Through Collaboration.

PURPOSE To review the impact of collaborative studies on advances in the biology and treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children and adolescents. METHODS A review of English literature on childhood ALL focusing on collaborative studies was performed. The resulting article was reviewed and revised by the committee chairs of the major ALL study groups. RESULTS With long-term survival rates for ALL approaching 90% and the advent of high-resolution genome-wide analyses, several international study groups or consortia were established to conduct collaborative research to further improve outcome. As a result, treatment strategies have been improved for several subtypes of ALL, such as infant, MLL-rearranged, Philadelphia chromosome-positive, and Philadelphia chromosome-like ALL. Many recurrent genetic abnormalities that respond to tyrosine kinase inhibitors and multiple genetic determinants of drug resistance and toxicities have been identified to help develop targeted therapy. Several genetic polymorphisms have been recognized that show susceptibility to developing ALL and that help explain the racial/ethnic differences in the incidence of ALL. CONCLUSION The information gained from collaborative studies has helped decipher the heterogeneity of ALL to help improve personalized treatment, which will further advance the current high cure rate and the quality of life for children and adolescents with ALL.
A Broadband Balanced Distributed Frequency Doubler With a Sharing Collector Line

A broadband balanced distributed frequency doubler fabricated by 0.35 mum SiGe BiCMOS technology is developed to operate from 4 to 18 GHz output frequency. This balanced doubler consists of an active balun and a distributed doubler. A sharing collector line is used in the balanced distributed doubler to reduce the chip size. This circuit exhibits a measured conversion loss of less than 8 dB and a fundamental rejection of better than 23 dB for the output frequency between 4 and 18 GHz. The chip size is 1.1times0. 7 mm2.