Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Dream Lucidity Continuum

Dream lucidity occurs along a continuum of subjectively experienced lucidity. Lucidity can fluctuate in a dream and this can be in response to the intentions of the dreamer. The continuum runs from varying degrees of partial lucidity to full lucidity and to possible advanced states. Lucidity is defined as being suffused with light and luminous. This has been applied to subjective mental experience to imply the quality or state of having a clear mind. One general usage of the term is in the medical mental status examination (MSE). A patient is commonly reported as being "lucid and orientated to person, place and time. " While the definitions and common usage of the term seem absolute there are some considerations that challenge this impression. Lucidity is actually a bracket of variations. People that experience certain "altered states" often feel that they are now lucid and that their previous lucidity was in fact clouded. The MSE type of lucidity makes no reference to this. It refers only to the conventional range. However, it does define a general state along a continuum that leads to a feeling of full lucidity. The lucid dream may resemble waking consciousness but may have its own characteristics. Comparisons should be done cautiously but may identify parallel situations. Lucidity in waking consciousness can usually be identified my markers such as the orientation to person, place and time. In dreams the marker of lucidity is usually the awareness that one is dreaming. The level and content of consciousness are related. Deficiencies in cognitive functioning do not necessarily disqualify one from being lucid but may indicate a level for the particular individual. Differences among individuals are also important. Many investigators have referred to degrees of lucidity and possibility of a continuum (Gillespie, 1984; Hillman, 1984; & Tart, 1985). Worsley (1984) has reported fluctuations in lucidity due to selective attention during task performance. Moffitt, Purcell, Hoffman, Wells, and Pigeau (1985) have described a self-reflectiveness scale.
Landscape Evapotranspiration Estimation Using Remotely Sensed Data for Operational Applications in Agriculture and Hydrology

Evapotranspiration (ET) is an important component of the hydrologic budget because it expresses the exchange of mass and energy between the soil-water-vegetation system and the atmosphere. Prevailing weather conditions influence potential or reference ET through variables such as radiation, temperature, wind, and relativity humidity. In addition to these weather variables, actual ET (ETa) is also affected by land cover type and condition and soil moisture. ETa’s dependence on land cover and soil moisture, and its direct relationship with carbon dioxide assimilation in plants, makes it an important variable to monitor and estimate crop yield and biomass for decision makers interested in food security, grain markets, water allocation and carbon sequestration.
Planar Differential Antenna Design and Integration With Pulse Radar Microchip Sensor

This paper reports the design and integration of a novel planar antenna on FR4 substrate with a system-on-a-chip ultra wideband pulse radar in 90-nm CMOS technology packaged in a 32 pin quad flat no-lead package, allowing the implementation of a short-range pulse radar sensor for biomedical applications. Functional tests have shown that the pulse radar sensor detects three targets with different areas (26 × 26, 13 × 26, and 13 × 13 cm2) for front-back movements up to 2 cm around a distance of 70 cm. Field operational tests show that the radar sensor allows the contactless detection of the respiratory rate of the persons under test, be they adult (both genders) and infant, for sub-centimeter chest movements up to a distance of 45 cm from the radar sensor.
The systemic bioavailability of buprenorphine by various routes of administration

The systemic bioavailability of buprenorphine has been studied in female rats following single doses (200 μg kg−1) administered by one of six different routes. Relative to the 100% bioavailability from the intraarterial route the mean bioavailabilities were intravenous, 98%; intrarectal, 54%; intrahepatoportal, 49%; sublingual, 13%; and intraduodenal, 9·7%. Area under the curve analysis of buprenorphine concentrations in blood showed the relative fractions of drug extracted (first pass) by gut, liver and lung to be 0·80, 0·50 and 0·02 respectively, In situ absorption studies showed that the poor availability of intraduodenally administered buprenorphine is not due to slow or incomplete absorption.
Optimized Microstrip Antenna Arrays for Emerging Millimeter-Wave Wireless Applications

Two compact planar antennas operating in the unlicensed 60 GHz frequency band are presented based on the physical layer specifications of IEEE 802.15. 3c and ECMA 387 standards for different classes of wireless applications. Each antenna is an array of 2 × 2 microstrip antennas covering at least two channels of the 60 GHz spectrum. The first antenna is optimized to achieve the highest gain, while the second antenna is optimized to give the largest beamwidth. The maximum measured radiation gain of the first antenna is 13.2 dBi. The measured beamwidth and gain of the second antenna are 76° and 10.3 dBi, respectively. The areas of these two antenna are only 0.25 and 0.16 cm2. The variation of radiation gain of each antenna over the frequency range of 57-65 GHz is less than 1 dB.
Developmental Dysplasia of Hip

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is one of the most common causes of disability among children. DDH represents a wide variety of pathologic conditions, ranging from fine acetabular dysplasia to irreducible hip dislocation with proximal femoral displacement. Earlier detection of DDH leads to better prognosis with nonsurgical intervention. However, despite recommendation to examine all for newborns for DDH, it continues to be diagnosed later in life. This leads to delay in the appropriate therapy and results in complications. The old term congenital dysplasia of hip was replaced by developmental dysplasia of hip because many of clinical manifestations of DDH may not be detectable at birth but are recognized at a later age. In this article, we will discuss the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and complications of DDH.
Performance tradeoffs among low‐complexity detection algorithms for MIMO‐LTE receivers

The upcoming Third‐Generation Partnership Project—Long‐Term Evolution (3GPP‐LTE) cellular standard will employ spatial multiplexing to significantly increase the data rates. Detection of the spatially multiplexed signals is an essential issue in the design of an LTE receiver. In this paper, we evaluate the performance–complexity tradeoffs for a set of low‐complexity multiple input multiple output (MIMO) detection algorithms in a realistic LTE downlink system. Specifically, antenna correlation and channel estimation errors have been considered for a practical MIMO‐LTE receiver. An LTE downlink model has been implemented in order to evaluate three types of detectors: linear, unsorted successive interference cancellation (SIC), and ordered SIC. Our simulation results show that the unsorted SIC detectors present a very poor performance–complexity tradeoff. Besides, linear detectors are shown to be the best candidates as the performance improvement for the ordered SIC detectors is not significant in a realistic scenario. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vagal Paraganglioma Presenting as a Neck Mass Associated with Cough on Palpation

A 70-year-old female presented with a neck mass and sporadic dry cough, often leading to fits of coughing severe enough to cause vomiting. The patient reported that touching the mass triggered the cough. On examination, a 2.5 cm right-sided level two neck mass deep to the sternocleidomastoid was present. Palpation of the mass immediately triggered coughing. Cross-sectional imaging proposed vagal paraganglioma as the chief differential, which was confirmed following surgical excision. The patient reported complete resolution of her severe dry cough after surgery. Vagal paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors arising from the neural crest-derived paraganglionic tissue surrounding the vagus nerve, typically presenting as a neck mass associated with hoarseness or pulsatile tinnitus. To the best of our knowledge this is a unique description in the English literature. This case is presented to aid physicians should they encounter a neck mass associated with cough. Vagal paraganglioma, although rare, should be part of the differential in such a presentation.
Organization Studies as Applied Science: The Generation and Use of Academic Knowledge about Organizations Introduction to the Special Issue

The relationship between theory and practice has been discussed in the social sciences for generations. Academics from management and organization studies regularly lament the divide between theory and practice. They regret the insufficient academic knowledge of managerial problems and their solutions, and criticize the scholarly production of theories that are not relevant for organizational practice (Hambrick 1994). Despite the prevalence of this topic in academic discourse, we do not know much about what kind of academic knowledge would be useful to practice, how it would be produced and how the transfer of knowledge between theory and practice actually works. In short, we do not know how we can make academic work more relevant for practice or even whether this would be desirable. In this introduction to the Special Issue, we apply philosophical, theoretical and empirical perspectives to examine the challenges of studying the generation and use of academic knowledge. We then briefly describe the contribution of the seven papers that were selected for this Special Issue. Finally, we discuss issues that still need to be addressed, and make some proposals for future avenues of research.
Innate immune recognition of nucleic acids: Beyond toll‐like receptors

During infection or tissue damage, the innate immune system detects and responds to nucleic acids released from pathogens or damaged host cells. Accumulating evidence has showed that specific sequences, modifications or structures of nucleic acids influence their immunomodulatory activities. Resulting innate immune modulations are regulated by Toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐dependent or ‐independent signaling pathways. The first step in host defense against foreign or unwelcome self nucleic acids may play important roles in immune responses against infectious organisms, as well as in clearance of unnecessary tissues, which may be linked to autoimmune diseases and possibly to other immunological disorders. Elucidating mechanisms of innate immune activation by nucleic acids will help future development of more efficient or safer nucleic acid‐based immunotherapies and gene therapies. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tomographie passive des ondes acoustiques : Prédiction et identification à partir du bruit ambiant

Les travaux realises se situent dans le cadre de CSI en mode passif. Une methode d’identification de defauts se basant sur les fonctions d’inter-correlations a ete proposee et a donne naissance a deux criteres d’identifications. Le premier est un critere visuel, ce critere est base sur la superposition des enveloppes des fonctions d’inter-correlation obtenues par transformee de Hilbert pour deux configurations dont l’une est sans defaut et l’autre est avec defaut. Le deuxieme critere est numerique, il s’agit de la moyenne des ecarts entre deux enveloppes que l’on appelle CEI. Les performances de ces criteres ont ete testees premierement sur une plaque en aluminium en conditions libres, en utilisant une source localisee en espace ayant une intensite non controlee. Les resultats de la premiere experience ont montre certes la sensibilite de ces criteres a l’apparition des defauts, mais egalement une forte sensibilite aux changements de la position de la source, c’est pour cette raison qu’une deuxieme experience utilisant une source localisee non localisee en espace a ete effectuee. Les criteres proposes ont d’abords ete teste en utilisant un signal sinus mono frequence comme source, et en utilisant un bruit blanc filtre comme source par la suite. Grâce aux criteres proposes, le defaut est certes identifie, neanmoins, il reste a trouver un moyen pour le localiser et pour le caracteriser.
Subsenescent Telomere Lengths in Fibroblasts Immortalized by Limiting Amounts of Telomerase*

Human fibroblasts expressing the catalytic component of human telomerase (hTERT) have been followed for 250–400 population doublings. As expected, telomerase activity declined in long term culture of stable transfectants. Surprisingly, however, clones with average telomere lengths several kilobases shorter than those of senescent parental cells continued to proliferate. Although the longest telomeres shortened, the size of the shortest telomeres was maintained. Cells with subsenescent telomere lengths proliferated for an additional 20 doublings after inhibiting telomerase activity with a dominant-negative hTERT mutant. These results indicate that, under conditions of limiting telomerase activity, cis-acting signals may recruit telomerase to act on the shortest telomeres, argue against the hypothesis that the mortality stage 1 mechanism of cellular senescence is regulated by telomere positional effects (in which subtelomeric loci silenced by long telomeres are expressed when telomeres become short), and suggest that catalytically active telomerase is not required to provide a protein-capping role at the end of very short telomeres.
Saddle Invariant Objects and Their Global Manifolds in a Neighborhood of a Homoclinic Flip Bifurcation of Case B

When a real saddle equilibrium in a three-dimensional vector field undergoes a homoclinic bifurcation, the associated two-dimensional invariant manifold of the equilibrium closes on itself in an orientable or nonorientable way, provided the corresponding genericity conditions hold. We are interested in the interaction between global invariant manifolds of saddle equilibria and saddle periodic orbits for a vector field close to a codimension-two homoclinic flip bifurcation, that is, the point of transition between having an orientable or nonorientable two-dimensional surface. Here, we focus on homoclinic flip bifurcations of case $B$, which is characterized by the fact that the codimension-two point gives rise to an additional homoclinic bifurcation, namely, a two-homoclinic orbit. To explain how the global manifolds organize phase space, we consider Sandstede's three-dimensional vector field model, which features inclination and orbit flip bifurcations. We compute global invariant manifolds and their inte.
Mécanismes d'authentification pour des réseaux de capteurs sans fil multi-sauts

Proposer des mecanismes d'authentification securises pour associer de nouveaux nœuds dans les reseaux de capteurs sans fil (RCSF) n'est pas une tâche facile. Nous proposons plusieurs protocoles d'authentification multi-sauts pour les RCSF. Pour chacune de nos propositions nous prouvons formellement la securite de nos protocoles en utilisant l'outil automatique Scyther. Nous effectuons aussi une analyse du temps d'execution sur des cartes TelosB. Nous comparons suivant ce critere les differents protocoles d'authentification mis en place.
Discrete Boltzmann Modeling of Compressible Flows

Mathematically, the typical difference of Discrete Boltzmann Model (DBM) from the traditional hydrodynamic one is that the Navier-Stokes (NS) equations are replaced by a discrete Boltzmann equation. But physically, this replacement has a significant gain: a DBM is roughly equivalent to a hydrodynamic model supplemented by a coarse-grained model of the Thermodynamic Non-Equilibrium (TNE) effects, where the hydrodynamic model can be and can also beyond the NS. Via the DBM, it is convenient to perform simulations on systems with flexible Knudsen number. The observations on TNE are being obtaining more applications with time.
Qualification et amélioration de la précision de systèmes de balayage laser mobiles par extraction d'arêtes. (Edge-based accuracy assessment and improvement of mobile laser scanning systems)

Au cours de ces dernieres decennies, le developpement de Systemes Mobiles de Cartographie, soutenu par un progres technologique important, est devenu plus apparent. Il a ete stimule par le besoin grandissant de collecte d'informations geographiques precises sur l'environnement. Nous considerons, au sein de cette these, des solutions pour l'acquisition des nuages de points mobiles de qualite topographique (precision centimetrique). Il s'agit, dans cette tâche, de mettre au point des methodes de qualification des donnees, et d'en ameliorer sur les erreurs systematiques par des techniques d'etalonnage et de recalage adequates.Nous decrivons une demarche innovante d'evaluation de l'exactitude et/ou de la precision des releves laser mobiles. Celle-ci repose sur l'extraction et la comparaison des entites lineaires de la scene urbaine. La distance moyenne calculee entre les segments apparies, etant la distance modifiee de Hausdorff, sert a noter les nuages par rapport a des references existantes. Pour l'extraction des aretes, nous proposons une methode de detection d'intersections entre segments plans retrouves via un algorithme de RANSAC enrichi d'une analyse de composantes connexes. Nous envisageons egalement une demarche de correction de releves laser mobiles a travers un recalage rigide fonde, lui aussi, sur les elements lineaires. Enfin, nous etudions la pertinence des segments pour en deduire les parametres de l'etalonnage extrinseque du systeme mobile. Nous testons nos methodes sur des donnees simulees et des donnees reelles acquises dans le cadre du projet TerraMobilita.
An Evaluation of a Bidder Training Program

Abstract In an effort to accommodate a change in the Federal Highway Administration’s goals towards race-neutral methods concerning the involvement of Disadvantaged Business Enterprises in contracting, the Texas Department of Transportation created a bidder training program. Using ten years of data, we examine the effects this program had on bidder behavior, project costs for the government, and the ability of these firms to compete. Unlike other policies that target these firms, we find the program generated substantial savings for the state which come at a very low cost.
Energy efficiency improvement of a squirrel-cage induction motor through the control strategy

L’optimisation de l’efficacite energetique des machines electriques constitue un domaine de recherche bien developpe et fait partie des objectifs de plusieurs accords internationaux comme le projet Energie-Climat de la Commission Europeenne visant l’amelioration de 20% d’efficacite pour 2020, encore etendu pour 2030 avec des objectifs plus importants. Ainsi, cette these propose un procede d’optimisation du rendement du moteur asynchrone en agissant sur les parametres du controle. Pour atteindre cet objectif, le flux dans l’entrefer est adapte selon un tableau de flux optimal calcule hors ligne pour tous les points de fonctionnement possibles. Ce flux est determine avec le plus haut degre de precision possible en se basant sur un modele dynamique de la machine developpe dans ces travaux. Ce dernier pallie le point faible du modele dynamique classique, en prenant en compte l’effet des pertes fer. Le modele des pertes fer utilise est celui de Bertotti, qui les evalue en fonction de la frequence et de l’amplitude du champ magnetique. Les pertes sont alors representees par une resistance variable, continuellement evaluee selon le point de fonctionnement. Le tableau de flux optimal obtenu est fonction des conditions d’operation reperees dans le plan couple-vitesse. Ainsi l’etude montre que le flux peut etre optimise pour des valeurs de couple sensiblement inferieures a environ la moitie du couple nominal, ce seuil variant en fonction de la vitesse. La methode d’optimisation proposee est simulee puis testee pour le controle scalaire et le controle vectoriel indirect par orientation de flux rotorique, afin de montrer la genericite de l’approche. La validation est conduite sur une maquette experimentale d’une puissance de 5.5 kW et pour 2 machines asynchrones de generations differentes (IE2 et IE3). Les resultats obtenus montrent la reduction des pertes dans la machine et donc une amelioration du rendement global, tout en preservant un comportement dynamique satisfaisant. L’optimisation de l’efficacite energetique est ainsi validee pour les deux structures de controle et pour les deux types de machine. Outre une comparaison avec la simulation, la solution proposee est comparee aux methodes existantes afin d’en apprecier l’efficacite.
Peroperative intravasal electrographic control of catheter tip position in access ports placed by venous cut-down technique.

Accurate tip positioning is even more crucial for longINTRODUCTION term intravenous catheters connected to access ports, Optimal tip positioning of percutaneously inserted as they might remain in situ for years. For these catheters, central venous catheters (CVC), at the junction between peroperative fluoroscopic control of tip position has superior vena cava (SVC) and right atrium (RA), is known been propagated as the golden standard and is to be essential in order to avoid damage to the vein wall currently used in our department. Misplaced catheter (tip too high in the SVC) or to the heart valve (tip too tips can be correctly re-inserted under direct visual deep in the RA) and also to keep the access functional. control, with a maximum chance of success. However, Clinical judgement alone, based on anatomical criteria, anatomical landmarks can be obscured by local conditions provides 40–70% optimal positioning. Chest X-ray such as mediastinal shift, pleural effusion, or abnormal performed after the procedure is currently used as chest geometry and the cumulative radiation dose to control document to track down malpositions and also the medical and paramedical staff constitutes a nonto exclude complications such as pneumoor neglectable disadvantage of this technique. hydrothorax, but does not allow intra-operative Since the intracardiac electrography technique appears repositioning of eventually misplaced catheter tips. both reliable and safe for percutaneous catheters, it Alternative techniques were developed for seems logical to examine the feasibility of this technique peroperative checking. Hellerstein described the for long-term accesses inserted through surgical cutintravasal electrocardiography (IEG) technique in 1949, down of smaller peripheral chest veins, with its specific where the catheter itself, filled with a conductive saline positioning problems. solution, acts as one of the electrodes of the conventional AIM OF THE STUDY external electrocardiogram set-up, tracing changes in the P-wave pattern in relation to the anatomical position of Prospective evaluation of the IEG monitoring technique the catheter tip. This allows a peroperative accurate tip for optimal tip positioning of catheters placed by venous positioning in more than 90% of cases. A refinement was cut-down and connected to a totally implantable access brought for catheters placed by the Seldinger technique, port. where the metallic guide-wire acts as an electrode The questions addressed in the study are (1) is a providing higher quality images than the saline column. peroperative IEG control for catheter tip positioning Doppler sonography has been proposed as well: a 2 MHz feasible for accesses placed by venous cut-down? (2) probe placed at the right sternal border detects which are the electrographic patterns that fit our turbulences associated with the injection of liquid through fluoroscopic landmarks best? (3) is this technique as the catheter. accurate as fluoroscopy? (4) is this technique safe?