Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Teoria Do Prospecto: Evidências Aplicadas Em Finanças Comportamentais (Prospect Theory: Applied Evidence in Behavioral Finance)

Portuguese Abstract: As Financas Comportamentais tem sido uma via alternativa para a compreensao da realidade economica e financeira, por meio de um vies mais abrangente, contrapondo alguns paradigmas e preceitos das Financas Tradicionais e seus respectivos modelos. Em face disso, este artigo analisa elementos fundamentais das financas comportamentais e, para este efeito, utiliza a Teoria do Prospecto, pesquisa empirica desenvolvida por Kahneman e Tversky (1979), para investigar a manifestacao dos efeitos certeza, reflexo e isolamento no processo de decisao, por parte dos agentes, e a influencia do genero nas questoes relacionadas as perdas e exposicao ao risco. Assim, por meio de uma pesquisa de campo, foram aplicados questionarios numa amostra de 150 discentes do curso de Ciencias Economicas da Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto e os dados foram tratados por meio de estatistica descritiva e de um teste nao parame- trico (Qui-Quadrado). Os resultados confirmam empiricamente a existencia dos tres efeitos preconizados na Teoria do Prospecto e as influencias de vieses cognitivos ao longo do processo decisorio por parte dos agentes, alem de evidenciar diferencas importantes quando da separacao por generos, ja que as mulheres, em determinadas ocasioes de ganho, mostraram-se mais avessas ao risco que os homens.English Abstract: The Behavioral Finance has been an alternative way to understanding the economic and financial reality through a wider bias, some contrasting paradigms and precepts of Traditional Finance and their models. On Given this, this article analyzes fundamental elements of behavioral finance and, for this purpose, it uses the Prospect Theory, empirical research developed by Kahneman and Tversky (1979), to investigate the manifestation of certain effects, reflection and isolation in decision-making by the agents and the influence of gender on matters related to losses and risk exposure. Thus, through a field survey, questionnaires were applied in a sample of 150 students from the Economics of the Federal University of Ouro Preto and the data were processed using descriptive statistics and non-parametric (chi-square) tests. The results empirically confirm the existence of the three effects advocated in Prospect Theory and the influence of cognitive biases through the decision process by the agents, and show important differences when split by gender, since women at certain times of gain, were more risk averse than men.
Effect of the cavity configuration factor on the marginal microleakage of esthetic restorative materials.

PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of the cavity configuration factor (CF) on the marginal microleakage of cervical restorations with four aesthetic restorative materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS Conventional cavities, 2.9 mm in diameter and 1.5 mm deep, with CF=2.7 and "saucer"-shaped ones with CF=2 were created in 60 extracted premolars. The following groups were established: G1: Z100/Single Bond, G2: Freedom/Stae, G3: Vitremer/Primer and G4: Durafill/Durafill Bond, following each manufacturer's directions. Thermocycling of the specimens was performed in an aqueous solution of 2% buffered methylene blue, with the temperature varying between 5 to 55 degrees C, for a total of cycles of 60 minutes per day, for 7 days. The specimens were then sectioned and evaluated by two observers using photographs acquired from a stereomicroscope. The values were subjected to Kruskal-Wallis analysis and the Dunn and Wilcoxon test. RESULTS The averages of the microleakage scores observed in the conventional and "saucer"-shaped cavities were respectively: G1: 0.66/0.46; G2: 0.92/0.69; G3: 1.8/1.86; G4: 3.54/2.3.
Update on neuroimaging in infectious central nervous system disease

Purpose of reviewNeuroimaging constitutes an important component in the diagnosis of the underlying infectious agents in central nervous system infection. This review summarizes progress in the neuroimaging of infectious central nervous system disease since January 2003. It focuses on imaging of viral encephalitis, including that caused by exotic and emerging viruses, and on imaging in immunodeficient patients. Recent findingsDiffusion-weighted imaging has been shown to be superior to conventional magnetic resonance imaging for the detection of early signal abnormalities in herpes simplex virus encephalitis but also in enterovirus 71 encephalitis and in West Nile encephalitis. Several studies defined the pattern of magnetic resonance imaging signal changes in endemic diseases such as West Nile encephalitis, Murray Valley encephalitis, enterovirus 71 encephalitis and Japanese encephalitis, but also in encephalitides due to ubiquitous viruses such as measles virus and Lyssavirus (rabies). In patients with HIV infection, apparent diffusion coefficient ratios obtained by diffusion-weighted imaging were significantly greater in lesions due to Toxoplasma encephalitis than in primary central nervous system lymphomas. SummaryThe diagnosis of unclear infectious central nervous system diseases remains a challenge. More recent magnetic resonance imaging techniques, such as diffusion-weighted imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy, provide additional helpful information. However, the mainstay of diagnosis remains the detection of viral DNA or serological markers of specific infectious agents within the cerebrospinal fluid.
Towards Comprehensive Understanding of Event Detection and Video Summarization Approaches

Intelligent video surveillance system plays a vital role in ensuring safety and security to the public. In recent years, surveillance systems are widely used in all places starting from border security application to street monitoring systems. As the analysis of surveillance video becomes one of the most emerging trends and research fields of interest, there is a need for a comprehensive survey on various works being carried out in the field. A single surveillance camera records the happenings in a particular field of view both day and night at all time, likewise multi-camera environment generates a huge volume of data. Though motion sensitivity based cameras considerably reduce the storage volume, they still produce large volume of data when employed in busy areas. The large amount of video data cannot be fully observed for analysis as it is time overwhelming process. Hence it is required to summarize the activities in the scene and detect unusual events recorded in videos. Hence, this paper discusses various techniques for summarization and unusual event detection in video and it presents current scenario of research in this area. This paper lists out the main focus of various researchers, datasets being used and features being considered for their approaches. It yields the future directions in this area of research, applications of event detection and summarization.
Investigation of rare-earth aluminates as alternative trapping materials in Flash memories

The integration of La, Gd, and Lu aluminates in a Charge-Trapping Flash (CTF) memory flow as alternative trapping materials is evaluated. It is found that, in order to control the mixing of the aluminates with the tunnel oxide, nitride (for Gd) or nitride + oxide (for La and Lu) buffer layers have to be used. It is also found that during the post-deposition annealing treatments, the nitride buffer layer mixes with the tunnel oxide. This results in very good erase and endurance performance, which is attributed to enhanced hole tunneling from the Si substrate.
Interaction of the CC-Chemokine RANTES with Glycosaminoglycans Activates a p44/p42 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Dependent Signaling Pathway and Enhances Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infectivity

ABSTRACT The interaction of the CC-chemokine RANTES with its cell surface receptors transduces multiple intracellular signals: low concentrations of RANTES (1 to 10 nM) stimulate G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activity, and higher concentrations (1 μM) activate a phosphotyrosine kinase (PTK)-dependent pathway. Here, we show that the higher RANTES concentrations induce rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple proteins. Several src-family kinases (Fyn, Hck, Src) are activated, as is the focal adhesion kinase p125 FAK and, eventually, members of the p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family. This PTK signaling pathway can be activated independently of known seven-transmembrane GPCRs for RANTES because it occurs in cells that lack any such RANTES receptors. Instead, activation of the PTK signaling pathway is dependent on the expression of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) on the cell surface, in that it could not be activated by RANTES in GAG-deficient cells. We have previously demonstrated that RANTES can both enhance and inhibit infection of cells with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Here we show that activation of both PTK and MAPK is involved in the enhancement of HIV-1 infectivity caused by RANTES in cells that lack GPCRs for RANTES but which express GAGs.
Arm motor rehabilitation in chronic stroke: Effects of two training environments

The effects of training in a 3D virtual environment (VE) as compared to a similar physical environment (PE) were compared in 32 subjects (n=16 per group) with chronic post-stroke hemiparesis. The PE group improved elbow extension as measured by the elbow subscale of the Reaching Performance Scale. The VE group had increased range of shoulder horizontal adduction and decreased range of trunk rotation after training. Results suggest that both environments are useful tools for upper limb motor rehabilitation post-stroke.
Arabidopsis Potential Calcium Sensors Regulate Nitric Oxide Levels and the Transition to Flowering

In plants, flowering is a critical developmental transition orchestrated by four regulatory pathways. Distinct alleles encoding mutant forms of the Arabidopsis potential calcium sensor CML24 cause alterations in flowering time. CML24 can act as a switch in the response to day length perception; loss-of-function cml24 mutants are late flowering under long days, whereas apparent gain of CML24 function results in early flowering. CML24 function is required for proper CONSTANS (CO) expression; components upstream of CO in the photoperiod pathway are largely unaffected in the cml24 mutants. In conjunction with CML23, a related calmodulin-like protein, CML24 also inhibits FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC ) expression and therefore impacts the autonomous regulatory pathway of the transition to flowering. Nitric oxide (NO) levels are elevated in cml23/cml24 double mutants and are largely responsible for FLC transcript accumulation. Therefore, CML23 and CML24 are potential calcium sensors that have partially overlapping function that may act to transduce calcium signals to regulate NO accumulation. In turn, NO levels influence the transition to flowering through both the photoperiod and autonomous regulatory pathways.
À propos du texte « Complexité du vivant, sélection naturelle et évolution »

Il est interessant, pour conclure, de remarquer que cette importance de l’histoire, autrement dit l’impact sur les observations actuelles de la trajectoire particuliere suivie par le systeme parmi l’ensemble des possibles, se rencontre aussi en physique lorsqu’on se place a l’echelle de l’univers dans son ensemble : la repartition de la matiere, la formation des planetes (dont la notre), la valeur meme de ce qu’on appelle en physique les constantes fondamentales (par exemple, la constante de la gravitation universelle ou la constante de Planck) sont elles aussi le resultat d’une evolution adaptative.
BURSTS OF EXTENSIVE AIR SHOWERS : CHAOS VS

Bursts of the count rate of extensive air showers (EAS) lead to the appearance of clusters in time series that represent EAS arrival times. We apply methods of nonlinear time series analysis to 20 EAS cluster events found in the data set obtained with the EAS–1000 prototype array. In particular, we use the Grassberger–Procaccia algorithm to compute the correlation dimension of the time series in the vicinity of the clusters. We find that four cluster events produce signs of chaotic dynamics in the corresponding time series. By applying a number of supplementary methods we assess that the nature of the observed phenomenon may indeed be chaotic and thus deterministic. We suggest a simple qualitative model that might explain an origin of EAS clusters in general and “possibly chaotic” clusters in particular. Finally, we compare our conclusions with the results of similar investigations performed by the EAS-TOP and LAAS groups.
Adaptive Source Bias for Improved Resistive-Open Defect Coverage during SRAM Testing

SRAM testing is becoming more and more challenging due to issues caused by continuous device scaling. Fabricated SRAMs are submitted to random and systematic process variability, which strongly affect the cell's behavior and also the ability of test algorithms to detect faults. Traditionally, bias conditions have been used to improve the behavior of the SRAM under process variations by applying body bias to compensate for the effect of variability. Based on the same principle, bias conditions also affect the cell's behavior when resistive-opens are present, hence affecting test's defect coverage capability. Both body- and source-bias conditions are analyzed in this paper to find the way to improve defect detect ability in the SRAM cell. Source-biasing has been proven to be the more effective of the two, leading to more than 3X improvement of the defect detected value. Also, by adapting the source-bias conditions to process parameter values, over- and under-testing of the SRAM can be avoided.
Solubilization and immunoprecipitation of alphavirus replication complexes

Alphavirus replication complexes that are located in the mitochondrial fraction of infected cells which pellets at 15,000 x g (P15 fraction) were used for the in vitro synthesis of viral 49S genome RNA, subgenomic 26S mRNA, and replicative intermediates (RIs). Comparison of the polymerase activity in P15 fractions from Sindbis virus (SIN)- and Semliki Forest virus (SFV)-infected cells indicated that both had similar kinetics of viral RNA synthesis in vitro but the SFV fraction was twice as active and produced more labeled RIs than SIN. When assayed in vitro under conditions of high specific activity, which limits incorporation into RIs, at least 70% of the polymerase activity was recovered after detergent treatment. Treatment with Triton X-100 or with Triton X-100 plus deoxycholate (DOC) solubilized some prelabeled SFV RIs but little if any SFV or SIN RNA polymerase activity from large structures that also contained cytoskeletal components. Treatment with concentrations of DOC greater than 0.25% or with 1% Triton X-100-0.5% DOC in the presence of 0.5 M NaCl released the polymerase activity in a soluble form, i.e., it no longer pelleted at 15,000 x g. The DOC-solubilized replication complexes, identified by their polymerase activity in vitro and by the presence of prelabeled RI RNA, had a density of 1.25 g/ml, were 20S to 100S in size, and contained viral nsP1, nsP2, phosphorylated nsP3, nsP4, and possibly nsP34 proteins. Immunoprecipitation of the solubilized structures indicated that the nonstructural proteins were complexed together and that a presumed cellular protein of approximately 120 kDa may be part of the complex. Antibodies specific for nsP3, and to a lesser extent antibodies to nsP1, precipitated native replication complexes that retained prelabeled RIs and were active in vitro in viral RNA synthesis. Thus, antibodies to nsP3 bound but did not disrupt or inhibit the polymerase activity of replication complexes in vitro.
2.2 GHz all-n-p-n second-generation controlled conveyor in pseudoclass AB using 0.8-μm BiCMOS technology

A new second-generation controlled current conveyor (CCCII), implemented using a 0.8-/spl mu/m Si-BiCMOS process, and operating in pseudoclass AB, is presented. It uses only n-p-n transistors to convey the signal, and CMOS transistors to bias the circuit. The expressions for the intrinsic resistance R/sub X/ and class of operation are derived. The performance of the circuit in voltage and current follower modes is described. Its electrical characteristics (voltage and current transfers, parasitic impedances) are compared with some other recent CCCII implementations. At a bias current of 550 /spl mu/A, and supplied under /spl plusmn/2.2 V, the conveyor exhibits R/sub X/ value as low as 2.2 /spl Omega/. Passbands of dc to 2.2 GHz are exhibited for both voltage and current transfers.
External memory protection mechanism based on encryption using revocable hardwired key

New threats to embedded systems have appeared lately and attacks such as physical hacking using high cost analysis tools have become popular. This is the reason why hardware component of devices managing confidential information cannot be considered as trusted anymore. In this paper, we propose a confidential data protection scheme from physical hacking. Our proposal provides encryption of confidential data stored in external memory with additional features such as anti key analysis/cloning and key destruction mechanisms.
Dioecious plants. A key to the early events of sex chromosome evolution.

Around 200 BC, the Nordic tribes devised rune symbols to represent the forces of nature. Among these symbols were X-GEBA, the rune of love and sexuality, and Y-FEOH, the rune of success. It was believed that by picking the right rune, the wearer could harness the power the rune represented. Hazard
A “Weight-of-Evidence” Approach for the Integration of Environmental “Triad” Data to Assess Ecological Risk and Biological Vulnerability

ABSTRACT A new Expert Decision Support System (EDSS) that can integrate Triad data for assessing environmental risk and biological vulnerability at contaminated sites has been developed. Starting with ecosystem relevance, the EDSS assigns different weights to the results obtained from Triad disciplines. The following parameters have been employed: 1) chemical soil analyses (revealing the presence of potentially dangerous substances), 2) ecotoxicological bioassays (utilizing classical endpoints such as survival and reproduction rates), 3) biomarkers (showing sublethal pollutant effects), and 4) ecological parameters (assessing changes in community structure and functions). For each Triad discipline, the EDSS compares the data obtained at the studied field sites with reference values and calculates different 0–1 indexes (e.g., Chemical Risk Index, Ecotoxicological Risk Index, and Ecological Risk Index). The EDSS output consists of 3 indexes: 1) Environmental Risk Index (EnvRI), quantifying the level of biological damage at population–community level, 2) Biological Vulnerability Index (BVI), assessing the potential threats to biological equilibriums, and 3) Genotoxicity Index (GTI), screening genotoxicity effects. The EDSS has been applied in the integration of a battery of Triad data obtained during the European Union-funded Life Intervention in the Fraschetta Area (LINFA) project, which has been carried out in order to estimate the potential risk from soils of a highly anthropized area (Alessandria, Italy) mainly impacted by deposition of atmospheric pollutants. Results obtained during 4 seasonal sampling campaigns (2004–2005) show maximum values of EnvRI in sites A and B (characterized by industrial releases) and lower levels in site D (affected by vehicular traffic emissions). All 3 potentially polluted sites have shown high levels of BVI and GTI, suggesting a general change from reference conditions (site C).
Thrombosis in the Uremic Milieu—Emerging Role of “Thrombolome”

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by retention of a number of toxins, which unleash cellular damage. CKD environment with these toxins and a host of metabolic abnormalities (collectively termed as uremic milieu) is highly thrombogenic. CKD represents a strong and independent risk factor for both spontaneous venous and arterial (postvascular injury) thrombosis. Emerging evidence points to a previously unrecognized role of some of the prothrombotic uremic toxins. Here, we provide an overview of thrombosis in CKD and an update on indolic uremic toxins, which robustly increase tissue factor, a potent procoagulant, in several vascular cell types enhancing thrombosis. This panel of uremic toxins, which we term “thrombolome” (thrombosis and metabolome), represents a novel risk factor for thrombosis and can be further explored as biomarker for postvascular interventional thrombosis in patients with CKD.
Iron Availability Influences Silicon Isotope Fractionation in Two Southern Ocean Diatoms (Proboscia inermis and Eucampia antarctica) and a Coastal Diatom (Thalassiosira pseudonana)

The fractionation of silicon (Si) isotopes was measured in two Southern Ocean diatoms (Proboscia inermis and Eucampia Antarctica) and a coastal diatom (Thalassiosira pseudonana) that were grown under varying iron (Fe) concentrations. Varying Fe concentrations had no effect on the Si isotope enrichment factor (e) in T. pseudonana, whilst E. antarctica and P. inermis exhibited significant variations in the value of e between Fe-replete and Fe-limited conditions. Mean e values in P. inermis and E. antarctica decreased from (± 1SD) -1.11 ± 0.15‰ and -1.42 ± 0.41‰ (respectively) under Fe-replete conditions, to -1.38 ± 0.27‰ and -1.57 ± 0.5‰ (respectively) under Fe-limiting conditions. These variations likely arise from adaptations in diatoms arising from the nutrient status of their environment. T. pseudonana is a coastal clone typically accustomed to low Si but high Fe conditions whereas E. antarctica and P. inermis are typically accustomed to High Si, High nitrate low Fe conditions. Growth induced variations in silicic acid (Si(OH)4) uptake arising from Fe-limitation is the likely mechanism leading to Si-isotope variability in E. antarctica and P. inermis. The multiplicative effects of species diversity and resource limitation (e.g. Fe) on Si-isotope fractionation in diatoms can potentially alter the Si-isotope composition of diatom opal in diatamaceous sediments and sea surface Si(OH)4. This work highlights the need for further in-vitro studies into intracellular mechanisms involved in Si(OH)4 uptake, and the associated pathways for Si-isotope fractionation in diatoms.