Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EL ESTRÉS AGUDO INTERFIERE CON LA EVOCACIÓN Y PROMUEVE LA EXTINCIÓN DE LA MEMORIA ESPACIAL EN EL LABERINTO DE BARNES

Para evaluar los efectos del estres agudo sobre la recuperacion y la extincion de la memoria espacial, se utilizaron ratas entrenadas en el laberinto circular de Barnes. El entrenamiento consistio de 8 ensayos de adquisicion (intervalo entre ensayos, IEE, de 5 min) en donde los animales debian aprender a encontrar una caja meta ubicada en uno de los 18 agujeros del laberinto. Todos los animales adquirieron el aprendizaje espacial, ya que invirtieron menos tiempo en encontrar la caja meta y cometieron menos errores a medida que se sucedian los ensayos de entrenamiento. Veinticuatro horas despues del entrenamiento se evaluo la retencion y extincion del aprendizaje espacial mediante una prueba con caja meta (PCC) seguida de siete pruebas sin caja (PSC), con un IEE de 5 min. Una hora y media antes de la sesion de evaluacion de la memoria un grupo de animales fue sometido a estres por restriccion de movimientos durante una hora, permitiendoles un periodo de recuperacion de 30 min y otro grupo permanecio en su caja hogar sin manipulacion (control). Los resultados indican que el estres deteriora el proceso de evocacion de la memoria espacial, ya que los animales estresados cometieron un mayor numero de errores y demoraron mas tiempo en encontrar la caja meta durante la PCC, respecto de los controles. Ademas, el estres facilita el proceso de extincion, ya que, durante las PSCs los animales estresados no mostraron una persistencia en la exploracion del agujero que, en el entrenamiento, conducia a la caja meta.
Comparison of different optimization techniques in the design of electromagnetic devices

In recent years there has been an increasing attention to some novel evolutionary techniques, such as for example Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Biogeography Based Optimization (BBO), Differential Evolution (DE), Population-Based Incremental Learning (PBIL) and Stud Genetic Algorithm (SGA). The design of a microwave filter, a planar array and an elliptical reflectarray are here addressed in order to compare their performances on benchmark EM optimization problems. Results show that some techniques (DE, BBO, SGA) are particularly effective in dealing with antenna optimization.
Short communication Molecular detection of Babesia rossi and Hepatozoon sp. in African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in South Africa

Blood specimens from wild dogs (n = 301) were obtained from De Wildt Cheetah and Wildlife Centre (Pretoria) and five game reserves (4 in the North-West Province and 1 in Limpopo Province), South Africa. Specimens were screened for Babesia,Theileria, Hepatozoon and Ehrlichia/Anaplasma species using PCR and Reverse Line Blot (RLB) assays. Positive results were obtained in 18 (6%) wild dogs. Sixteen specimenswere foundpositive forBabesia rossiand two dogswereHepatozoonsp. positive. It appears that these tick-borne pathogens are not widely distributed in wild dog populations. # 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Thermal Characterisation and Liquid Cooling System Integration for Stacked Modules

The demand for equipment miniaturization had resulted in high heat fluxes that need to be removed efficiently, particularly in stacked modules. Liquid cooling in microchannels is one means to meet the cooling demands, provided the high pumping power requirement can be overcome. However, when designing an integrated cooling solution for a stacked module, it may be beneficial to seek a balance between the different thermal resistances along the heat flow path than focus entirely on maximizing the heat transfer in the microchannel. A cooling solution has been developed for a two-stack electronic module with each stack dissipating 100 W. Heat flows from the chip through interconnects to the carrier and then to the liquid flowing through microchannels etched into the back of the carrier. Investigations show that determining the resistance across the chip-interconnects require careful modeling and optimization. Flip-chip and wirebond interconnects were both considered. The resistance across the interconnects can be improved by using an underfill with high conductivity compared to air. A third option involves the use of a copper slug. It can further reduce the average thermal resistance but increases the temperature non-uniformity across the package. Numerical modeling of a single-pass microchannel heatsink with channel size of 100mum by 400 mum demonstrated that a resistance of 0.179degC/W is achievable with a flowrate of 100mL/min per carrier. But it is accompanied by a high streamwise temperature rise and pressure drop. Other heatsink configurations are being considered. The current approach decouples the chip-interconnects modeling with the heatsink modeling, in order to allow similar length scales to be modeled more efficiently. However a final systems level simulation will have to be conducted to ensure the results still apply.
A Rare Case of Exophytic Duodenal Stromal Tumor: Case Report

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GIST) have become a well established entity and its taxonomy is no more ambiguous but GIST of duodenum is rarely seen . In this paper , a patient presented with only recurrent pain abdomen and USG/CECT of abdomen revealed gallstone with 8x7x4.7 cm size mass lesion in the right hypochondrium, most likely arising from the second part of duodenum. The patient underwent cholecystectomy and wedge resection of tumor. The histopathology of the mass confirmed the diagnosis of duodenal stromal tumor.
An Security-Enhanced Authentication System Based on OTP System in E-Commerce

This paper analyzed the shortages of S/KEY OTP system in mobile commerce identity authentication and suggested an improved one-time password system based on bidirectional virtual authorization in mobile application systems. On one hand, this suggestion can reduce the calculation stress of both client and server, accordingly increases the efficiency of authorization and withstands the DoS attack. On the other hand, the suggestion can implement the bidirectional authorization and reduce the possibility of fishing attack.
DITERPENE ALKALOIDS. ISOLATION AND STUDY OF TWO NEW ALKALOIDS

Two new alkaloids tentatively named as “denudatine” and “denudatidine” have been isolated in pure form from an indigenous crude drug “Judwar” which has been provisionally identified as the roots of Delphinium denudatum Wall. (Fam. Ranunculaceae). The purity of these alkaloids has been checked by paper chromatographic analysis and they have been characterised. Denudatine is the major alkaloid and has been isolated in pure form in a yield of 0.05 per cent. On the basis of microanalysis for the elements of the base, m.p. 248–249° and its derivatives; the determination of the active hydrogen, =N–Me, ≡C–Me and infra‐red and ultra‐violet absorption spectra, denudatine has been tentatively classified as a diterpene alkaloid of atisine group. Pharmacological actions of denudatine have been investigated. The normal rhythmic contractions of isolated rabbit duodenal strip are inhibited. The isolated guinea‐pig uterine strip is stimulated by the base solution. It decreases the tone and inhibits the peristaltic movements of the intestine but does not show any effect on the blood pressure and respiration of the anaesthetised dog. It is non‐toxic and lacks curariform activity. Denudatidine, m.p. 273° (yield, 0.003 per cent) has not been studied further.
Combinatorial Biosynthesis of Carotenoids in a Heterologous Host: A Powerful Approach for the Biosynthesis of Novel Structures

Carotenoids are commercially important pigments with high antioxidative potential. A variety of structures can be biosynthesized in the heterologous host Escherichia coli after transformation with combinations of genes from prokaryotes, lower and higher plants. Among the produced carotenoids are novel structures with superior antioxidative activity. In this article, the concept of the combinatorial biosynthesis approach, E. coli as a carotenoid production system, and metabolic engineering of precursor supply are covered.
Thymidylate synthase expression in colorectal cancer: a prognostic and predictive marker of benefit from adjuvant fluorouracil-based chemotherapy.

PURPOSE We studied the prognostic value of thymidylate synthase (TS) expression in primary colorectal cancer (CRC) and the role of TS expression as a predictor of chemotherapeutic benefit in patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS TS expression was immunohistochemically assessed on tumor sections from 862 patients with CRC Dukes' stages B and C enrolled onto randomized trials evaluating fluorouracil (5-FU)-based adjuvant chemotherapy. RESULTS TS expression was an independent prognostic factor for disease-free (P =.05) and overall survival (P =.05). In the subgroup treated with surgery alone, TS was an independent prognostic factor for disease-free (P <.001) and overall survival (P =.001), whereas this was not the case in the subgroup of adjuvantly treated patients. Patients whose tumors expressed high TS levels had a tendency to improved outcome after adjuvant therapy (not significant). The group whose tumors expressed the highest TS grade, grade 3 (34% of the patients), had a significantly longer disease-free survival if they were treated with adjuvant therapy compared with surgery alone (multivariate analyses, P =.02), whereas patients whose tumors expressed low TS levels (28% of the patients) had an impaired outcome after adjuvant therapy (multivariate analyses: disease-free survival, P =.01; overall survival, P =.01). CONCLUSION TS expression predicts for survival independent of Dukes' stage in patients with CRC treated with surgery alone. The study indicates that patients with high TS levels may benefit from adjuvant 5-FU-based chemotherapy. However, patients with low TS levels seem to have a worse outcome when treated with adjuvant chemotherapy.
Massive High-Performance Global File Systems for Grid computing

In this paper we describe the evolution of Global File Systems from the concept of a few years ago, to a first demonstration using hardware Fibre Channel frame encoding into IP packets, to a native GFS, to a full prototype demonstration, and finally to a production implementation. The surprisingly excellent performance of the Global File Systems over standard TCP/IP Wide Area Networks has made them a viable candidate for the support of Grid Supercomputing. The implementation designs and performance results are documented within this paper. We also motivate and describe the authentication extensions we made to the IBM GPFS file system, in collaboration with IBM. In several ways Global File Systems are superior to the original approach of wholesale file movement between grid sites and we speculate as to future modes of operation.
Specificity in diversity: single origin of a widespread ciliate-bacteria symbiosis

Symbioses between eukaryotes and sulfur-oxidizing (thiotrophic) bacteria have convergently evolved multiple times. Although well described in at least eight classes of metazoan animals, almost nothing is known about the evolution of thiotrophic symbioses in microbial eukaryotes (protists). In this study, we characterized the symbioses between mouthless marine ciliates of the genus Kentrophoros, and their thiotrophic bacteria, using comparative sequence analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Ciliate small-subunit rRNA sequences were obtained from 17 morphospecies collected in the Mediterranean and Caribbean, and symbiont sequences from 13 of these morphospecies. We discovered a new Kentrophoros morphotype where the symbiont-bearing surface is folded into pouch-like compartments, illustrating the variability of the basic body plan. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that all investigated Kentrophoros belonged to a single clade, despite the remarkable morphological diversity of these hosts. The symbionts were also monophyletic and belonged to a new clade within the Gammaproteobacteria, with no known cultured representatives. Each host morphospecies had a distinct symbiont phylotype, and statistical analyses revealed significant support for host–symbiont codiversification. Given that these symbioses were collected from two widely separated oceans, our results indicate that symbiotic associations in unicellular hosts can be highly specific and stable over long periods of evolutionary time.
Secret key extraction from a UWB channel: Analysis in a real environment

In this paper, experimental results about secret key extraction from the physical parameters of an ultra-wideband (UWB) channel are presented. In the channel probing phase, the reciprocity of the UWB channel is verified. A quantization scheme is then proposed together with a key alignment technique. The proposed scheme, tested with real measurements in an indoor scenario, is shown to yield raw keys with good randomness properties and tolerable mismatch percentages between Alice and Bob, as well as unfavorable mismatch percentages and random error distribution for Eve.
The Domain Interaction Approach to Metaphor Processing: Relating Individual Differences and Metaphor Characteristics

Tourangeau and Sternberg (1981) proposed a sophisticated model to explain how people comprehend and appreciate metaphors of the form "Robert Redford is the peacock of actors. " Out study conceptually extended this work by incorporating methodological improvements that permit the examination of individual differences. It was discovered that metaphors comparing terms with high dissimilarity between respective categories (between-domain distance) were best understood and appreciated. This relation was especially marked for participants of higher analogic reasoning ability, even when vocabulary differences were partialed out. Metaphors with high dissimilarity between topic and vehicle on factors that distinguish between category members (within-domain distance) were given low comprehension and appreciation ratings. Analogic reasoning exhibited only minimal effects here. The results are generally consistent with the Tourangeau and Sternberg model, although some inconsistent findings were observed. Slight modifi.
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition markers in malignant ovarian germ cell tumors

The purpose of this study was to determine the expression and potential clinical role of epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐related factors in malignant ovarian germ cell tumors (MOGCT). Protein expression of E‐cadherin, N‐cadherin, P‐cadherin, Zeb1, HMGA2, and vimentin by immunohistochemistry was analyzed in 42 MOGCT from patients treated in Norway during the period 1981–2001. Expression was analyzed for association with clinicopathologic parameters. E‐cadherin (p = 0.016) and HMGA2 (p = 0.002) expression was significantly higher in immature teratomas and yolk sac tumors compared with dysgerminomas. Vimentin (p < 0.001) and Zeb1 (p = 0.029) staining was significantly higher in immature teratomas compared with yolk sac tumors and dysgerminomas, whereas no significant differences were observed for N‐cadherin and P‐cadherin. EMT‐associated markers were not significantly related to clinicopathologic parameters including age, tumor diameter, and FIGO stage. In conclusion, based on this limited series, EMT‐associated markers are not associated with clinical parameters in MOGCT, in contrast to ovarian carcinoma. EMT‐related proteins are differentially expressed among various MOGCT subtypes, suggesting differences in biological characteristics associated with invasion and metastasis.
Crowding Optimization Method to Improve Fractal Image Compressions Based Iterated Function

Fractals are geometric patterns generated by Iterated Function System theory. A popular technique known as fractal image compression is based on this theory, which assumes that redundancy in an image can be exploited by block-wise self-similarity and that the original image can be approximated by a finite iteration of fractal codes. This technique offers high compression ratio among other image compression techniques. However, it presents several drawbacks, such as the inverse proportionality between image quality and computational cost. Numerous approaches have been proposed to find a compromise between quality and cost. As an efficient optimization approach, genetic algorithm is used for this purpose. In this paper, a crowding method, an improved genetic algorithm, is used to optimize the search space in the target image by good approximation to the global optimum in a single run. The experimental results for the proposed method show good efficiency by decreasing the encoding time while retaining a high quality image compared with the classical method of fractal image compression.
Vehicle Ad Hoc networks: applications and related technical issues

This article presents a comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art for vehicle ad hoc networks. We start by reviewing the possible applications that can be used in VANETs, namely, safety and user applications, and by identifying their requirements. Then, we classify the solutions proposed in the literature according to their location in the open system interconnection reference model and their relationship to safety or user applications. We analyze their advantages and shortcomings and provide our suggestions for a better approach. We also describe the different methods used to simulate and evaluate the proposed solutions. Finally, we conclude with suggestions for a general architecture that can form the basis for a practical VANET.
Impact of total disc arthroplasty on the surgical management of lumbar degenerative disc disease: Analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2000 to 2008

Background: Spinal fusion is the most rapidly increasing type of lumbar spine surgery for various lumbar degenerative pathologies. The surgical treatment of lumbar spine degenerative disc disease may involve decompression, stabilization, or arthroplasty procedures. Lumbar disc athroplasty is a recent technological advance in the field of lumbar surgery. This study seeks to determine the clinical impact of anterior lumbar disc replacement on the surgical treatment of lumbar spine degenerative pathology. This is a retrospective assessment of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS). Methods: The NIS was searched for ICD-9 codes for lumbar and lumbosacral fusion (81.06), anterior lumbar interbody fusion (81.07), and posterolateral lumbar fusion (81.08), as well as for procedure codes for revision fusion surgery in the lumbar and lumbosacral spine (81.36, 81.37, and 81.38). To assess lumbar arthroplasty, procedure codes for the insertion or replacement of lumbar artificial discs (84.60, 84.65, and 84.68) were queried. Results were assayed from 2000 through 2008, the last year with available data. Analysis was done using the lme4 package in the R programming language for statistical computing. Results: A total of nearly 300,000 lumbar spine fusion procedures were reported in the NIS database from 2000 to 2008; assuming a representative cross-section of the US health care market, this models approximately 1.5 million procedures performed over this time period. In 2005, the first year of its widespread use, there were 911 lumbar arthroplasty procedures performed, representing 3% of posterolateral fusions performed in this year. Since introduction, the number of lumbar spine arthroplasty procedures has consistently declined, to 653 total procedures recorded in the NIS in 2008. From 2005 to 2008, lumbar arthroplasties comprised approximately 2% of lumbar posterolateral fusions. Arthroplasty patients were younger than posterior lumbar fusion patients (42.8 ± 11.5 vs. 55.9 ± 15.1 years, P < 0.0000001). The distribution of arthroplasty procedures was even between academic and private urban facilities (48.5% and 48.9%, respectively). While rates of posterolateral lumbar spine fusion steadily grew during the period (OR 1.06, 95% CI: 1.05-1.06, P < 0.0000001), rates of revision surgery and anterior spinal fusion remained static. Conclusions: The impact of lumbar arthroplasty procedures has been minimal. Measured as a percentage of more common lumbar posterior arthrodesis procedures, lumbar arthroplasty comprises only approximately 2% of lumbar spine surgeries performed in the United States. Over the first 4 years following the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval, the frequency of lumbar disc arthroplasty has decreased while the number of all lumbar spinal fusions has increased.
Persistent parasitemia after acute babesiosis.

BACKGROUND Babesiosis, a zoonosis caused by the protozoan Babesia microti, is usually not treated when the symptoms are mild, because the parasitemia appears to be transient. However, the microscopical methods used to diagnose this infection are insensitive, and few infected people have been followed longitudinally. We compared the duration of parasitemia in people who had received specific antibabesial therapy with that in silently infected people who had not been treated. METHODS Forty-six babesia-infected subjects were identified from 1991 through 1996 in a prospective, community-based study designed to detect episodes of illness and of seroconversion among the residents of southeastern Connecticut and Block Island, Rhode Island. Subjects with acute babesial illness were monitored every 3 months for up to 27 months by means of thin blood smears, Bab. microti polymerase-chain-reaction assays, serologic tests, and questionnaires. RESULTS Babesial DNA persisted in the blood for a mean of 82 days in 24 infected subjects without specific symptoms who received no specific therapy. Babesial DNA persisted for 16 days in 22 acutely ill subjects who received clindamycin and quinine therapy (P=0.03), of whom 9 had side effects from the treatment. Among the subjects who did not receive specific therapy, symptoms of babesiosis persisted for a mean of 114 days in five subjects with babesial DNA present for 3 or more months and for only 15 days in seven others in whom the DNA was detectable for less than 3 months (P<0.05); one subject had recrudescent disease after two years. CONCLUSIONS When left untreated, silent babesial infection may persist for months or even years. Although treatment with clindamycin and quinine reduces the duration of parasitemia, infection may still persist and recrudesce and side effects are common. Improved treatments are needed.
A relação entre gênero e expressão verbal: uma abordagem discursiva para a manifestação da futuridade

Neste artigo propomos uma descricao das formas verbais de futuro em articulacao com o funcionamento discursivo do genero em que se manifestam. Nosso enfoque concentra-se nas formas verbais que atualizam a expressao do futuro do presente no genero radiofonico noticia com entrevista. Descrevemos a estruturacao desse genero em termos de recursos estrategicos (DIJK, 1990, 2010) que visam aumentar a percepcao factual das informacoes veiculadas. Mostramos que o fato de as noticias com entrevista serem estrategicamente elaboradas implica nao apenas que a forma de apresentacao das informacoes e esquematicamente concebida para favorecer a interacao, mas tambem que essa estruturacao discursiva motiva a elaboracao linguistica do conteudo da informacao. Nossa investigacao permite constatar que as formas de futuro do presente podem ser discursivamente descritas e distribuidas em decorrencia de tres diferentes eventos prospectivos que integram: eventos programados, eventos da interacao em curso e eventos procedimentais. Alem disso, nosso estudo mostra a viabilidade de se estabelecer uma relacao entre genero discursivo e expressao verbal, visto que algumas formas de futuridade, como o futuro perifrastico progressivo, sao favorecidas por praticas discursivas como as noticias com entrevista.