Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Selection of High Phenolics-Containing Clones of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) Using Pseudomonas Sp.

A high phenolics-containing clonal line (T-12) of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) was isolated from a heterogeneous seed population by plant tissue culture techniques. This clonal line was isolated from among 10 clonal lines, with each originating from different genetically heterozygous, single-germinating seedlings. All clonal lines were generated via shoot organogenesis through adventitious bud proliferation from apex explants. Optimum shoot organogenesis was induced on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with benzyladenine (1 mg/L) as the growth hormone. Multiple shoots originating from apex explants of single heterozygous seedlings were further multiplied on the aforementioned benzyladenine-containing MS medium to subsequently generate a larger number of clonally identical plants. Shoots from each individual clonal line were inoculated with a novel Pseudomonas sp. Following growth on hormone-free MS medium for 25 days, total phenolics were determined spectrophotometrically. Using this approach, high phenolics-.
Preliminary Thoughts on Reading American Governance Symbolically : Or Modern U.S. Statecraft as Reform-Craft

Are there fundamental, enduring ethical values within which contemporary American public administrators operate and by which the nation is governed? This commentary suggests a different way of seeing--or conceptualizing--American governance in the twenty-first century by proposing that our secular state is profoundly shaped and sustained by hidden patterns of sacred myth, ritual, and symbols rooted in the sixteenth-century Protestant Reformation. Unlike Louis Hartz, Samuel P. Huntington, Richard Hofstadter, and others who have stressed the continuity of Lockean values throughout American history, this article offers a specific symbolic reading of U.S. constitutional and administrative state documents. By viewing these founding sources as religious symbols, it is argued, we may begin to appreciate historical value connections between yesterday and tomorrow, especially how today's statecraft continues to manifest itself as a unique style of religious reform-craft unlike that found in any other modern nation.
The presence of oxygen in rumen liquor and its effects on methanogenesis

In situ measurement of O2 in the rumen liquor of cows, sheep and goats using a membrane-covered O2 electrode revealed the presence of up to 1630 nmol/l O2; O2 became undetectable immediately after feeding of animals. The effects of O2 on H2 production and methanogenesis in samples of rumen liquor were investigated using a mass spectrometer fitted with a membrane inlet system. Methanogenesis was totally and irreversibly inhibited after short term exposure (about 10 min) to 5 KPa (0·05 atm) O2; H2 production was unaffected. Glucose additions produced rapid transient increases in H2 levels and increased O2 uptake.
Semantic Similarity Frontiers: From Concepts to Documents

Semantic similarity forms a central component in many NLP systems, from lexical semantics, to part of speech tagging, to social media analysis. Recent years have seen a renewed interest in developing new similarity techniques, buoyed in part by work on embeddings and by SemEval tasks in Semantic Textual Similarity and Cross-Level Semantic Similarity. The increased interest has led to hundreds of techniques for measuring semantic similarity, which makes it difficult for practitioners to identify which state-of-the-art techniques are applicable and easily integrated into projects and for researchers to identify which aspects of the problem require future research.This tutorial synthesizes the current state of the art for measuring semantic similarity for all types of conceptual or textual pairs and presents a broad overview of current techniques, what resources they use, and the particular inputs or domains to which the methods are most applicable. We survey methods ranging from corpus-based approaches operating on massive or domains-specific corpora to those leveraging structural information from expert-based or collaboratively-constructed lexical resources. Furthermore, we review work on multiple similarity tasks from sense-based comparisons to word, sentence, and document-sized comparisons and highlight general-purpose methods capable of comparing multiple types of inputs. Where possible, we also identify techniques that have been demonstrated to successfully operate in multilingual or cross-lingual settings.Our tutorial provides a clear overview of currently-available tools and their strengths for practitioners who need out of the box solutions and provides researchers with an understanding of the limitations of current state of the art and what open problems remain in the field. Given the breadth of available approaches, participants will also receive a detailed bibliography of approaches (including those not directly covered in the tutorial), annotated according to the approaches abilities, and pointers to when open-source implementations of the algorithms may be obtained.
One Two T

A transcription factor is essential for maintenance of T cell identity. T cells develop in the thymus, where they proceed through several developmental stages, losing alternative lineage potential as they progress. The molecular regulation of this developmental process, however, is not fully understood (see the Perspective by Di Santo). P. Li et al., L. Li et al., and Ikawa et al. now identify expression of the zinc finger transcription factor Bcl11b as the earliest checkpoint in T cell development in mice. Genetic deletion of Bcl11b in developing T cells inhibited commitment to the T cell lineage. Under conditions that should have stimulated T lineage differentiation, Bcl11b-deficient T cell progenitors failed to up-regulate genes associated with lineage-committed T cells and maintained stem cell and progenitor cell–associated gene expression. In both developing and committed T cells, loss of Bcl11b resulted in the generation of cells that resembled natural killer (NK) cells in both phenotype and function. These NK-like cells could be expanded easily in vitro and possessed antitumor cytotoxicity, but they did not exhibit cytotoxicity against normal cells and were not tumorigenic. Because T cells are much easier to obtain from human patients than NK cells, deletion of Bcl11b in T cells may thus provide a source of easy-to-grow NK cells for cell-based antitumor therapies. P. Li, S. Burke, J. Wang, X. Chen, M. Ortiz, S. -C. Lee, D. Lu, L. Campos, D. Goulding, B. L. Ng, G. Dougan, B. Huntly, B. Gottgens, N. A. Jenkins, N. G. Copeland, F. Colucci, P. Liu, Reprogramming of T cells to natural killer–like cells upon Bcl11b deletion. Science 329, 85–89 (2010). [Abstract] [Full Text] L. Li, M. Leid, E. V. Rothenberg, An early T cell lineage commitment checkpoint dependent on the transcription factor Bcl11b. Science 329, 89–93 (2010). [Abstract] [Full Text] T. Ikawa, S. Hirose, K. Masuda, K. Kakugawa, R. Satoh, A. Shibano-Satoh, R. Kominami, Y. Katsura, H. Kawamoto, An essential developmental checkpoint for production of the T cell lineage. Science 329, 93–96 (2010). [Abstract] [Full Text] J. P. Di Santo, A guardian of T cell fate. Science 329, 44–45 (2010). [Summary] [Full Text]
Report of NEWS 2015 Machine Transliteration Shared Task

This report presents the results from the Machine Transliteration Shared Task conducted as part of The Fifth Named Entities Workshop (NEWS 2015) held at ACL 2015 in Beijing, China. Similar to previous editions of NEWS Workshop, the Shared Task featured machine transliteration of proper names over 14 different language pairs, including 12 different languages and two different Japanese scripts. A total of 6 teams participated in the evaluation, submitting 194 standard and 12 non-standard runs, involving a diverse variety of transliteration methodologies. Four performance metrics were used to report the evaluation results. Once again, the NEWS shared task on machine transliteration has successfully achieved its objectives by providing a common ground for the research community to conduct comparative evaluations of state-of-the-art technologies that will benefit the future research and development in this area.
Bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) of an urban park in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil

Some bat species are able to adapt to urban areas, where they find food and roosts. Despite the high number of parks in Brazilian cities, they did not yet raise the interest of most zoologists, except for some surveys of birds and butterflies. The objectives of the present study were: (i) to inventory the bat species of Quinta da Boa Vista (QBV), a large (25 ha) urban park centrally located in densely populated Rio de Janeiro, which is Brazil's second largest metropolis; (ii) to compare the species richness observed in roosts with the richness recorded through mist netting in flight routes and near fruiting fig trees; and (iii) to analyze recaptures of bats marked in this park and recaptured in other sites and vice-versa. Sampling totaled 104 sampling nights resulting in 3,256 captures (including 133 recaptures) between April 1989 and December 2004. We also sampled roosts and received some specimens from park visitors and city workers. We documented 21 bat species, predominantly large frugivores. The number of expected species for this park was 24.0 ± 4.6, and the total sampled represented 87.5% of the expected. The recapture of bats marked in surrounding forest fragments and in QBV shows the importance of urban parks for the maintenance of bat diversity. Inspection of roosts produced two species that had not been captured with other methods. Sampling near fruiting fig trees did not differ in terms of richness from sampling carried out far from these trees or during their non-fruiting periods.
Sex identification in avian species using DNA typing methods

Many avian species are considered sexually monomorphic. In monomorphic bird species, especially in young birds, sex is difficult to identify based on an analysis of their external morphology. For nestlings, sex identification is usually impossible by morphological examination. Sex identification in avian species is one of the key points of avian breeding and evolutionary studies. Through the knowledge of sex identification genes, poultry breeding programmes can be applied more successfully. Vent sexing, laparoscopy, steroid sexing and karyotyping are methods for sex identification used in monomorphic birds. However these methods are unreliable, time-consuming, and expensive while some of them could be painful and even lifethreatening for birds. The sex of an individual is established from the genes located on sex chromosomes. Female birds carry one copy of both Z and W, and male birds carry two copies of Z avian sex chromosomes. However, there are many DNA techniques, the most reliable one is amplifying sex specific CHD1 gene by P2 - P8 primer pairs.
Thematic segmentation of texts: two methods for two kinds of texts

To segment texts in thematic units, we present here how a basic principle relying on word distribution can be applied on different kind of texts. We start from an existing method well adapted for scientific texts, and we propose its adaptation to other kinds of texts by using semantic links between words. These relations are found in a lexical network, automatically built from a large corpus. We will compare their results and give criteria to choose the more suitable method according to text characteristics.
Deposition rates and characteristics of aeolian dust in the semi-arid and sub-humid regions of the Argentinean Pampa

Abstract Atmospheric dust inputs were monitored at four sites in the south-western Argentinean Pampa over a 3-year period. Dust traps (open bucket type) were installed at the soil surface and at 2 and 4 m above the surface. Total deposition rate, mineralogy, chemical properties, total element content and particle-size distribution of dust and soil samples of adjacent soil profiles were determined and analysed. Rainwater was also collected and analysed for salt content. Dust input varied between 400 and 800 kg ha −1 year −1 averaged over 3 years, and did not follow a clear seasonal pattern. An unexpectedly high fine sand content in the dust samples and higher salt content of dust and rainwater at the coastal site indicate the participation of an important local component in this area. Feldspars and quartz were the principal constituents of the bulk mineralogy. Additional components were volcanic glass, micas, magnetite and calcite. The nutrient status of the dust was greater than that of the surrounding soil, and therefore may serve as a renewal factor. Nutrient input is a function of dust quantity and distance from the sea.
Discourse Cues for Broadcast News Segmentation

This paper describes the design and application of time-enhanced, finite state models of discourse cues to the automated segmentation of broadcast news. We describe our analysis of a broadcast news corpus, the design of a discourse cue based story segmentor that builds upon information extraction techniques, and finally its computational implementation and evaluation in the Broadcast News Navigator (BNN) to support video news browsing, retrieval, and summarization.
The RWTH Aachen Machine Translation System for WMT 2011

This paper describes the statistical machine translation (SMT) systems developed by RWTH Aachen University for the translation task of the EMNLP 2011 Sixth Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation. Both phrase-based and hierarchical SMT systems were trained for the constrained German-English and French-English tasks in all directions. Experiments were conducted to compare different training data sets, training methods and optimization criteria, as well as additional models on dependency structure and phrase re-ordering. Further, we applied a system combination technique to create a consensus hypothesis from several different systems.
Chromosome I alterations in breast cancer: Allelic loss on Ip and Iq Is related to lymphogenic metastases and poor prognosis

The development of human breast cancer is characterized by a variety of genetic alterations, and cytogenetic analyses have documented the consistent involvement of both arms of chromosome I. In the present study, molecular markers detecting restriction fragment length polymorphisms were used in pairwise screening of normal and tumor DNA to determine the frequency of allelic imbalance in breast tumors. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in the polymorphic epithelial mucin (PEM or MUCI) gene at 1q21 was found in 16% of 89 informative (constitutionally heterozygous) cases, whereas gain in intensity of one allelic band was more frequent (37%), a total of 47% of cases manifesting either allelic loss or gain. Three additional tumors manifested a structural alteration. Allelic loss or gain in the PEM gene was not associated with other prognostic factors, e.g., tumor size, lymph node status, steroid receptors, DNA ploidy, S phase fraction, protooncogene amplification, histological type, or patient age. However, LOH in the PEM gene was significantly correlated with early disease recurrence (P = 0.006). LOH on 1p was found in 27% of 117 informative cases, using probes for either DIS57 or DIZ2 located at 1p33‐p35 and 1p36, respectively. Somatic allelic imbalance on 1p and 1q seemed to be independent events and not the effect of loss of a whole chromosome 1. LOH on 1 p was significantly correlated to the presence of lymph node metastasis, to larger tumor size, and to DNA nondiploidy, but no correlation was found to disease outcome at this limited duration of follow‐up (median 29 months). ©1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Do Taxes and Bonds Finance Government Spending?

Debates over the impacts of various ways of financing government deficits and about the relative impact of monetary and fiscal policy have, unfortunately, been carried out without recognition of the institutional process by which modem government spending, borrowing, and taxation are accomplished. 1 In the United States, close cooperation between the Treasury, the Federal Reserve System, and depository institutions makes the traditional distinctions between monetary and fiscal policy hard to use in describing actual processes and renders irrelevant many of the theories about the most appropriate mix of borrowing and taxation. Indeed, the entire treatment of taxation and of government borrowing assumes a monetary system quite unlike that of the modem U.S. system. My purpose in this paper is to describe, in some detail, the way in which the Treasury and the Federal Reserve coordinate policies that are neither purely fiscal nor purely monetary and to argue that theories of monetary/fiscal policy should incorporate more discussion of the issues of reserve management.
Book Reviews: Robots that Talk and Listen edited by Judith A. Markowitz

I volunteered to review this book because I found Dr. Markowitz’s 1995 book, Using Speech Recognition, extremely helpful when I first became involved in medical applications of speech. In fact, I made all my students in that area read it. This book is very different, but in its own way, just as useful. In fact, it is a must-read for anyone contemplating a new speech application or enhancing a current one, as well as for anyone searching for new directions in dialogue research.
CoNLL 2018 Shared Task: Multilingual Parsing from Raw Text to Universal Dependencies

Every year, the Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning (CoNLL) features a shared task, in which participants train and test their learning systems on the same data sets. In 2018, one of two tasks was devoted to learning dependency parsers for a large number of languages, in a real-world setting without any gold-standard annotation on test input. All test sets followed a unified annotation scheme, namely that of Universal Dependencies. This shared task constitutes a 2nd edition—the first one took place in 2017 (Zeman et al., 2017); the main metric from 2017 has been kept, allowing for easy comparison, also in 2018, and two new main metrics have been used. New datasets added to the Universal Dependencies collection between mid-2017 and the spring of 2018 have contributed to increased difficulty of the task this year. In this overview paper, we define the task and the updated evaluation methodology, describe data preparation, report and analyze the main results, and provide a brief categorization of the different approaches of the participating systems.
Effects of indirubin derivatives on the FLT3 activity and growth of acute myeloid leukemia cell lines

Indirubin is an active constituent of traditional Chinese preparations used for the treatment of chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). In the present study, the inhibitory activity of indirubin and its derivatives toward Fms‐like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) was examined. Indirubin‐3′‐oxime (IO) and 6‐bromoindirubin‐3′‐oxime (BIO) had potent inhibitory activity against FLT3 (IC50=79 nM and 254 nM, respectively). We also tested the cytotoxicity of these compounds against acute myeloid leukemia cell lines: MV4;11 cells harboring a constitutively activated form of FLT3, and RS4;11 cells with wild‐type FLT3. IO and BIO potently inhibited the growth of MV4;11 cells with IC50 values of 30 nM and 61 nM, respectively. Conversely, RS4;11 cells were far less sensitive to these compounds. IO arrested the cell cycle of MV4;11 cells at the G1 phase, and increased the dead cell population at the sub‐G1 phase and annexin V‐positive cells. From these results, derivatives of IO may have potential to be developed as anti‐leukemic agents. Drug Dev Res 71: 221–227, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biologically active flavonoids and kava pyrones from the aqueous extract of Alpinia zerumbet

From the aqueous extract of Alpinia zerumbet (Pers) B. L. Burttet Smith. (= Alpinia speciosa K. Schum.) flavonoids and kava pyrones were obtained. The flavonoids identified as rutin (1), kaempferol‐3‐O‐rutinoside (2), kaempferol‐3‐O‐glucuronide (3), (+)‐catechin (4) and (−)‐epicatechin (5) are well known substances that can contribute to the hypotensive, diuretic and antiulcerogenic activity of the aqueous extract of the plant, while the kava pyrones dihydro‐5,6‐dehydrokawain (6) and 5,6‐dehydrokawain (7) have been described as antiulcerogenic and antithrombotic. The compounds were identified from their UV, 1H‐ and/or 13C‐NMR, hydrolytic and co‐TLC data. The well known activity of these compounds, which have not been previously isolated from the leaves of Alpinia zerumbet, may explain the use of the plant in the treatment of hypertension. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temporal and Spatial Variability of Zoobenthic Communities in Archipelago Waters of the Northern Baltic Sea‐Consequences of Eutrophication?

A large-scale spatial (52 sampling stations in two areas; one previously affected by numerous sources of enrichment, and one pristine area used as a standard reference for coastal monitoring) and temporal (1972-1989) analysis of hydrography and benthic macrofauna in the archipelago waters of Aland, northern Baltic Sea, revealed significant changes of the ecosystem. The nutrient levels exceeded the criteria for eutrophicated waters at all stations, and the benthic macrofauna showed significant alterations in all parameters analyzed. In the area previously (1972-73) disturbed, reduced complexity in terms of diversity and evenness (i.e. functional responses) were recorded, whereas the changes in the previously undisturbed area are classified as structural. The main conclusions are that (a) no truly “natural” coastal reference areas can be found in the northern Baltic, and (b) the importance of the local effluents will add to the large-scale effects of eutrophication.
The Occurrence of Prime Numbers Revisited

Based on an arithmetical and autocatalytic approach, the authors propose a solution for the occurrence of prime numbers. Exact arithmetical calculations are provided for: the closest prime to any given positive integer (or any number of bigger or smaller primes from that integer); the quantity of prime (and composite) numbers between 1 and any positive integer; the quantity of prime (and composite) numbers between any two positive integers.