Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Write-Operation Frequency Reduction for Nonvoratile Logic LSI with a Short Break-Even Time

A technique to save the frequency of write operation on the non-volatile memory is proposed for reducing dynamic power dissipation of non-volatile logic LSI which shortens its break-even time for power gating. The proposed technique is realized by combining a selective write method with a coding technique. The selective write method compares input words and stored words, and rejects redundant write operation. Moreover, the use of the data coding technique shortens the Hamming distance between adjacent words in an input data sequence and reduces the frequency of bit reversal in the non-volatile memory, which results in the further reduction in the power dissipation due to write operation. Through the design and evaluation of a non-volatile 8-bit counter, it is observed that the proposed technique shortens the break-even time for power gating by up to 85.2% with a small hardware overhead.
THE VERY ACUTE STROKE TREATMENT: FIBRINOLYSIS AND AFTER

Thrombolytic therapy with rt-PA given within 3 h after stroke onset to patients with ischemic stroke significantly improves outcome after stroke. There are some evidences that thrombolysis may also work up to 6 h after stroke onset in carefully identified patients, but the three most important trials, which used 0–6 h time-windows, combined with CT-scans to define the ischemic areas, failed individually to produce statistical benefits for the rt-PA-treated patients. In order to enlarge the time-window there is a need for additional information about the functionality of the affected brain area. There is a growing interest in the use of Diffusion Weighted (magnetic resonance) imaging (DWI) and Perfusion Weighted (magnetic resonance) imaging (PWI) in the assessment of patients with acute ischemic stroke. These magnetic resonance techniques are powerful methods for identifying the extent and location of early cerebral ischemia.
Magnetic integration of an LCL filter for the single-phase grid-connected inverter

The LCL filter is widely used in grid-connected inverters due to its outstanding performance of attenuating the switching frequency current harmonics. An LCL filter has two individual inductors. Numbers of magnetic cores are required, and large volume has to be reserved for these two inductors. In order to reduce the core volume, magnetic integration of these two inductors is introduced in this paper. Since the attenuating ability of the LCL filter would be weakened by the coupling between the two inductors, decoupled magnetic integration is chosen consequently. Though the reluctance of the common core can hardly be zero, the decoupled magnetic integration scheme is still attractive. A 6-kW prototype is built in the lab, and the experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed magnetic integration scheme.
PAST : Player-Specific Automated Storytelling

Storytelling is an important facet of human life: from entertainment to everyday communication, we are constantly telling and immersing in stories. Understanding how to make these more aesthetically pleasing is of interest to artificial intelligence (AI) research and can be used to improve video games. Specifically, research in interactive storytelling—responding to player actions while unfolding a narrative according to a model of experience quality—must tackle several challenges. One key challenge is to strike a balance between player agency (i.e., allowing the player to meaningfully influence the story) and authorial control (i.e., guiding the player’s experience through a desired story trajectory). Increasing the player’s agency can allow the player to take ownership of the story but is resource-demanding on the part of the developers. Additionally, it may be difficult to guarantee that the player will have a particular experience when they are given the freedom to change to the story.
Fundamental dimensions of polypeptide chains

The dimensions of the polypeptide chain and of its associated N—H•••O hydrogen bonds can be inferred with confidence. Data from many sources—X-ray diffraction analyses of crystals of organic acids, amides, peptides and related compounds; polarized infra-red studies of crystals—together with fundamental concepts of structural chemistry, now provide a basis for satisfactory knowledge and understanding of the dimensions and configurations of the amide group, C H / C'—N // C C The normal coplanarity of the atoms of this group is the result of resonance which gives rise to partial double-bond character of the N—C′ peptide bond. Rotation about this bond is, in general, severely restricted. The trans configuration of the amide group appears to be preferred. Interatomic distances and bond angles of the amide group which may be derived from the present data are: N—C = 1·47 Å C—N—C′ = 123° N—C′ = 1·32 C—N—H = 114 C′—O = 1·24 H—N—C′= 123 C′—C = 1·53 N—C′—O = 125 N—C′—C = 114 O—C′—C = 121 C′—C—N = 110 The dimensions and directional characteristics of N—H•••O hydrogen bonds have been determined in a great variety of crystals. In these crystals the N•••O distances vary, falling generally within the limits 2·79 ± 0·12 Ä. The H•••O vector rarely makes an angle greater than 20° with the probable direction of the N—H bond.
Calcium‐dependent deceleration of the cell cycle in muscle cells by simulated microgravity

Of all our mechanosensitive tissues, skeletal muscle is the most developmentally responsive to physical activity. Conversely, restricted mobility due to injury or disease results in muscle atrophy. Gravitational force is another form of mechanical input with profound developmental consequences. The mechanical unloading resulting from the reduced gravitational force experienced during spaceflight results in oxidative muscle loss. We examined the early stages of myogenesis under conditions of simulated microgravity (SM). C2C12 mouse myoblasts in SM proliferated more slowly (2.23× less) as a result of their being retained longer within the G2/M phase of the cell cycle (2.10× more) relative to control myoblasts at terrestrial gravity. Blocking calcium entry via TRP channels with SKF‐96365 (10–20 μM) accumulated myoblasts within the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and retarded their proliferation. On the genetic level, SM resulted in the reduced expression of TRPC1 and IGF‐1 isoforms, transcriptional events regulated by calcium downstream of mechanical input. A decrease in TRPC1‐mediated calcium entry thus appears to be a pivotal event in the muscle atrophy brought on by gravitational mechanical unloading. Hence, relieving the constant force of gravity on cells might prove one valid experimental approach to expose the underlying mechanisms modulating mechanically regulated developmental programs. —Benavides Damm, T. , Richard, S. , Tanner, S. , Wyss, F. , Egli, M. , Franco‐Obregón, A. Calcium‐dependent deceleration of the cell cycle in muscle cells by simulated microgravity. FASEB J. 27, 2045–2054 (2013). www.fasebj. org
Loss of atm sensitises p53-deficient cells to topoisomerase poisons and antimetabolites.

BACKGROUND Ataxia-telangiectasia is a pleiotropic autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the ATM gene. In addition to a profound cancer predisposition, another hallmark of ataxia-telangiectasia is radiosensitivity. Recently, p53-null mouse fibroblasts have been reported to be radiosensitised by the concurrent loss of ATM. MATERIALS AND METHODS We compared the sensitivity of atm(+/+)/p53(-/-) and atm(-/-)/p53(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts to different classes of chemotherapeutic agents using the MTT assay, Trypan Blue exclusion and fluorescence-activated cell sorting for cell cycle and apoptosis analyses. RESULTS Loss of ATM function in p53-deficient cells resulted in a 2- to 4-fold increase in sensitivity to the topoisomerase I poisons camptothecin and topotecan, to the topoisomerase II poisons doxorubicin, epirubicin and etoposide, and to the antimetabolites 5-fluorouracil and gemcitabine, but not to the platinum compounds cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin, the taxanes docetaxel and paclitaxel, or to busulfan. Loss of ATM function did not result in increased apoptosis, but resulted in increased Trypan Blue staining in response to epirubicin, suggesting that processes other than apoptosis may mediate cytotoxicity. ATM deficiency did not alter the extent of G(1)/S or G(2)/M cell cycle phase accumulation produced by epirubicin, suggesting that enhanced sensitivity was not due to failure of checkpoint activation. CONCLUSIONS We provide further evidence that ATM is involved in regulating cellular defences against some cytotoxic agents in the absence of p53. Tumour-targeted functional inhibition of ATM may be a valuable strategy for increasing the efficacy of anticancer agents in the treatment of p53-mutant cancers.
Heterogeneous phenotypes of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy in a single kindred

Five patients with mitochondrial disorders in a single family showed marked heterogeneity of clinical signs and symptoms. Two patients had the syndrome of mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes; one had blepharoptosis, seizures, and diabetes insipidus; and two had a nonspecific encephalomyopathic disorder. This family supports the concept of a “mitochondrial cytopathy. ”
Postoperative Morphine Requirements of Free TRAM and DIEP Flaps

In a review of the charts of 158 patients who had undergone breast reconstruction with free transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) or deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps and who were treated for postoperative pain with morphine administered by a patient‐controlled analgesia pump, the total dose of morphine administered during hospitalization for the flap transfer was measured. Patients whose treatment was supplemented by other intravenous narcotics were excluded from the study. The mean amount of morphine per kilogram required by patients who had reconstruction with DIEP flaps (0.74 mg/kg, n = 26) was found to be significantly less than the amount required by patients who had reconstruction with TRAM flaps (1.65 mg/kg; n = 132; p < 0.001). DIEP flap patients also remained in the hospital less time (mean, 4.73 days) than did free TRAM flap patients (mean, 5.21 days; p = 0.026), but the difference was less than one full hospital day. It was concluded that the use of the DIEP flap does reduce the patient requirement for postoperative pain medication and therefore presumably reduces postoperative pain. It may also slightly shorten hospital stay. (Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 107: 338, 2001.)
5-Methyl-1-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylic acid

The title compound, C10H9N3O2, was synthesized from azidobenzene and ethyl acetylacetate. A pair of hydrogen bonds [2.617 (2) Å] interconnects a pair of the carboxyl groups, forming an R 2 2(8) inversion dimer, a frequent motif in carboxylic acids. In the title structure, the bonding H atom in the aforementioned O—H⋯O hydrogen bond is significantly shifted towards the acceptor O atom [the donor and acceptor O—H distances are 1.25 (4) and 1.38 (4) Å, respectively]. A plot of the O⋯O versus O—H distances in compounds with paired carboxyl groups shows that the title structure belongs to the group of structures with abnormally long O—H distances with regard to the O⋯O contacts. The displacement of the bonding H atom towards the centre of the hydrogen bond is concomitant with more equal C—O bonding distances in the carboxyl group.
Keystroke Authentication on Enhanced Needleman Alignment Algorithm

An important point for computer systems is the identification of users for authentication. One of these identification methods is keystroke dynamics. The keystroke dynamics is a biometric measurement in terms of keystroke press duration and keystroke latency. However, several problems are arisen like the similarity between users and identification accuracy. In this paper, we propose innovative model that can help to solve the problem of similar user by classifying user’s data based on a membership function. Next, we employ sequence alignment as a way of pattern discovery from the user’s typing behaviour. Experiments were conducted to evaluate accuracy of the proposed model. The results show high performance compared to standard classifiers in terms of accuracy and precision.
The incidence of diethylstilbestrol-induced cancer in reciprocal F hybrids obtained from crosses between rats of inbred lines that are susceptible and resistant to the induction of mammary cancer by this agent.

1. Diethylstilbestrol-induced mammary adenocarcinoma occurred in an average of 632 days in eighteen (24 per cent) of 76 hybrid progeny obtained from crosses between resistant strain male and susceptible strain female rats. 2. Among 56 similarly treated hybrids from reciprocal crosses, twelve (21 per cent) developed mammary adenocarcinomas in an average of 551 days. 3. Induced adrenal tumors were observed in twelve of the hybrids from resistant strain females and in six of the hybrids from the reciprocal crosses. Adrenal tumors were more frequent in the males than in the females of both groups of hybrids and the susceptible parental strain. 4. Diethylstilbestrol-induced bladder calculi and cancer occurred in both parental strains and in both groups of hybrids but were most frequent in the male progeny of Copenhagen line 2331 females. 5. Spontaneous neoplasms, probably unrelated to the treatment, occurred with equal frequency in both hybrid groups. 6. The F1 hybrid progeny from reciprocal crosses between diethylstilbestrol-resistant and diethylstilbestrol-susceptible rats showed an equal susceptibility to tumors induced by this agent.
In Trans T Cell Tolerance Diminishes Autoantibody Responses and Exacerbates Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis1

A number of Ag-specific approaches have been developed that ameliorate experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for the human autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis. Translation to humans, however, remains a consideration, justifying the search for more insight into the mechanism underlying restoration of self-tolerance. Ig-proteolipid protein (PLP) 1 and Ig-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) are Ig chimeras carrying the encephalitogenic PLP 139–151 and MOG 35–55 amino acid sequence, respectively. Ig-PLP1 ameliorates EAE in SJL/J (H-2s) mice while Ig-MOG modulates the disease in C57BL/6 (H-2b) animals. In this study, we asked whether the chimeras would suppress EAE in F1 mice expressing both parental MHC alleles and representing a polymorphism with more relevance to human circumstances. The results show that Ig-MOG modulates both PLP1 and MOG peptide-induced EAE in the F1 mice, whereas Ig-PLP1 counters PLP1 EAE but exacerbates MOG-induced disease. This in trans aggravation of MOG EAE by Ig-PLP1 operates through induction of PLP1-specific T cells producing IL-5 that sustained inhibition of MOG-specific Abs leading to exacerbation of EAE. Thus, in trans T cell tolerance, which should be operative in polymorphic systems, can aggravate rather than ameliorate autoimmunity. This phenomenon possibly takes place through interference with protective humoral immunity.
Clinical Outcomes in Terminally Ill Patients Admitted to Hospice Care: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Interventions

This study's aim was to determine the impact of medical technologies on patient comfort and survival time, through retrospective review of the clinical course, symptom profile, and illness trajectory in 102 consecutive patients (50 males and 52 females), and of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions delivered to them. The average age of males was 72.3 years and of females 73.1 years. Ninety-four patients were admitted for palliation of symptoms due to malignant disease and eight other patients for non-malignant diseases. The median survival time was 12 days. On admission, higher univariate hazard risks for survival were significantly associated with male gender, metastatic disease, and dyspnea. Higher adjusted Charlson comorbidity scores were associated with significantly decreased survival time, while de novo symptoms and diagnostic interventions were associated with lower univariate risk rates and increased survival times. Palliative therapeutic interventions were not significantly associated with increased patient survival. A multivariate analysis showed that pain, dyspnea, immobility, and adjusted Charlson comorbidity scores were independent risks for shorter patient survival times. Diagnostic interventions were significant for increased patient survival. No requests for euthanasia had been recorded, which may, in part, reflect the significant family support most of these patients had received.
Recurrent spontaneous cervical-artery dissection.

BACKGROUND Spontaneous dissection of the internal carotid and vertebral arteries is increasingly recognized as a cause of ischemic stroke in young people. An underlying arteriopathy is often suspected in the pathogenesis of such dissection, but the frequency of recurrent dissection is unknown. METHODS We describe the long-term follow-up of 200 consecutive patients (104 women and 96 men) with spontaneous cervical-artery dissections evaluated at the Mayo Clinic between 1970 and 1990. All diagnoses were confirmed by angiography. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 44.9 years (range, 16 to 76). Internal carotid arteries were affected in 150 patients, vertebral arteries in 37, and both in 13. Multivessel dissections were present in 28 percent of the patients. The mean follow-up was 7.4 years. Recurrent dissection occurred only in arteries not previously involved by dissection. A recurrent arterial dissection developed in 16 patients (8 percent)--within a month after the initial dissection in 4 patients (2 percent) and between 1.4 and 8.6 years later in 12 patients (a rate of 1 percent per year). The cumulative rate of recurrent dissection among patients followed for 10 years was 11.9 percent. Younger patients had a greater risk of recurrent dissection. CONCLUSIONS Although dissections in multiple cervical vessels are common at presentation, after the first month the risk of recurrent dissection is only about 1 percent per year.
The systemic amyloidoses.

Amyloidosis is not a single disease but a term for diseases that share a common feature: the extracellular deposition of pathologic insoluble fibrillar proteins in organs and tissues. In the mid-19th century, Virchow adopted the botanical term “amyloid,” meaning starch or cellulose, to describe abnormal extracellular material seen in the liver at autopsy.1 Subsequently, amyloid was found to stain with Congo red, appearing red microscopically in normal light but apple green when viewed in polarized light.2,3 Almost a century after Virchow's observations, the fibrillar nature of amyloid was described with the use of electron microscopy and the characteristic beta-pleated–sheet .
S region transcription per se promotes basal IgE class switch recombination but additional factors regulate the efficiency of the process.

Stimulation of B lymphocytes with a combination of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) induces germline transcription of and subsequent switching to the epsilon heavy chain constant region (C epsilon) gene. Mature germline C epsilon transcripts contain a non‐coding exon (I epsilon exon) spliced to the C epsilon exons. To distinguish between the potential roles of germline transcription and those of germline transcripts in regulating the class switch process, we replaced the LPS‐ and IL‐4‐inducible I epsilon promoter and exon in ES cells with an LPS‐inducible E mu enhancer/VH promoter expression cassette. Wildtype, heterozygous or homozygous mutant ES cells were injected into RAG‐2 deficient blastocysts to generate somatic chimeras in which all B cells derived from ES cells. In contrast to normal B cells, heterozygous and homozygous mutant B cells had substantial transcription through the epsilon switch recombination region (S epsilon) following treatment with LPS alone and, under these conditions, both underwent low level switching (10‐ to 100‐fold less than wildtype cells stimulated with LPS + IL‐4) to IgE production. Heterozygous mutant cells underwent switching to IgE at essentially wildtype levels when stimulated with LPS and IL‐4. However, homozygous mutant cells still showed extremely low levels of switching to IgE upon LPS and IL‐4 stimulation. Analyses of hybridomas from heterozygous mutants indicated that the mutation is cis‐acting and normal switching to other isotypes indicated that it is specific for IgE. Thus transcription per se generates low levels of class switch recombination in the absence of I region sequences. However, we demonstrate for the first time that, for optimal efficiency, the process requires the presence of the intact I region and/or I region promoter in cis, implicating factors beyond transcription through the S region in the regulation of class switching.
Immediate Changes to Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Strains Following Manual Lymph Drainage in Legs with Lymphedema.

OBJECTIVES To study the immediate impact of manual lymph drainage (MLD) on skin and subcutaneous tissue strains in legs with lymphedema using free-hand real-time tissue elastography (RTE). METHODS Skin and subcutaneous tissue strain measurements were taken at the middle of the inner thigh and calf by RTE in 20 legs with lymphedema of 18 patients (stage II: 11, late stage II: 7, stage III: 2) and in 70 legs of 35 normal subjects. In patients with lymphedema, the same measurements were repeated immediately following MLD. RESULTS Significant negative correlations were found between pre-MLD strains and the MLD-induced changes in thigh and calf skin strains (thigh skin: p <0.01, calf skin: p = 0.05), but not in subcutaneous tissue strains. Pre-MLD intercepts of these regression lines were closer to normal values as compared to mean pre-MLD values (normal thigh skin: 0.54% ± 0.30%, calf skin: 0.25% ± 0.18%, Pre-MLD thigh skin: 0.39% ± 0.20%, calf skin: 0.17% ± 0.12%, Pre-MLD intercept of thigh skin: 0.48%, Pre-MLD intercept of calf skin: 0.31%). CONCLUSIONS It appears that MLD did not simply soften the skin, but rather normalized it in terms of strain. However, this was not confirmed in the subcutaneous tissue.
Prevalence and severity of hypertension and associated lifestyle risk factors in a rural community in west Africa

Rates of hypertension may be on the rise in Sub Sah aran Africa, especially in more urban communities with greater access to high salt foods and a more sedentary lifestyle. Less is known about the prevalence and potential modifiable risk factors in rural Africa. Blood pressure (BP) screening was conducted in the rural community of O uesse, Benin. 154 persons presented for screening. Of these, 101 had a known history of hyp ertension and 53 individuals were without known history. All screened were interviewed for other ca rdiovascular (CV) risk and lifestyle factors. The prevalence of hypertension was 28.3%, in those with out known history. Other CV risk factors were low: obesity <10%, smoking 7%, reported diabetes 4% . Life style factors were notable for high level of physical activity, but low intake of daily fruit an d vegetable (27%) and high rate of salting of foods (85%). Only 56.5% were on BP medications despite kn own hypertension and control was poor (only 24.8% <140/90). 67% were not aware of consequences of hypertension. In summary, the prevalence of hypertension is high even in this non sedentary rur al community with low rates of obesity. Salt intake is high and fruit and vegetable intake low. The maj ority of those with known hypertension did not have adequate control and more than half were not t aking any medications. Areas for intervention include counseling on diet, consequences of hyperte nsion, regular screening and the importance of continued regular physical activity.