Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Body Wave Tomography of the Cascadia Subduction Zone and Juan de Fuca Plate System: Identifying Challenges and Solutions for Shore‐Crossing Data

Recent seismic results from the Cascadia Initiative indicate that heterogeneity in the oceanic asthenosphere affects subduction dynamics. Accurate characterization of the oceanic upper mantle is thus necessary to fully understand subduction processes, including the behavioral segmentation of the megathrust. A key challenge is integrating onshore and offshore datasets, which span large variations in near‐surface features that teleseismic body wave tomography is ill‐posed to resolve. Here, we perform a series of P and S forward modeling predictions to better understand the relative contribution of elevation, crustal thickness, offshore sedimentation, and near‐surface velocity structure to teleseismic delay times. Crustal thickness and elevation variations dominate the signal, contributing ∼1 s of delay time difference for P‐waves (roughly double for S). We test several inversion strategies to account for near‐surface features, identifying potential artifacts and causes of imaging errors. Undamped station statics are found to absorb mantle structures and introduce low‐velocity artifacts beneath the forearc. Our preferred inversion strategy utilizes a three‐dimensional starting model (including elevation) of the upper 50 km and heavily damped station statics, which we find leads to better resolution of mantle structure, particularly at asthenospheric depths. These insights guide inversions of observed delay times from the Cascadia subduction zone and Juan de Fuca plate system. We present a new onshore‐offshore S model and an updated P model. Major features are common to both models, including localized subslab low‐velocity anomalies, along‐strike variations in slab structure, and offshore heterogeneity, while regional differences may reflect changes in Vp/Vs.
ELEMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS AND SOIL-TO-MOSS TRANSFER FACTORS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF NORTH KOSOVO AND METOHIJA

This paper deals with investigations of elemental concentrations and soil-to-moss transfer factors of radionuclides in area of municipalities Kosovska Mitrovica and Zubin Potok. Twelve samples of soil and moss Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. were collected during May 2018. Transfer factors of radionuclides: 226Ra, 232Th, 40Kand 137Cs were calculated with regard to elemental concentrations of radionuclides in soil and moss samples. Analysis was done in order to indicate the different ways of adopting radionuclides by mosses. According to calculated transfer factors and analysis, authors concluded that the soil is dominant source of natural radionuclides and their concentration in moss occurred due to resuspension of soil particles, while artificial 137Cs is present in soil and moss samples as a consequence of atmospheric dry and wet deposition.
Image Aesthetics Assessment Based on Multi-stream CNN Architecture and Saliency Features

ABSTRACT In this paper, we explore how higher-level perceptual information based on visual attention can be used for aesthetic assessment of images. We assume that visually dominant subjects in a photograph influence stronger aesthetic interest. In other words, visual attention may be a key to predicting photographic aesthetics. Our proposed aesthetic assessment method, which is based on multi-stream and multi-task convolutional neural networks (CNNs), extracts global features and saliency features from an input image. These provide higher-level visual information such as the quality of the photo subject and the subject–background relationship. Results from our experiments support the effectiveness of our approach.
An Analysis of Fog in the Mainland Portuguese International Airports

An analysis of 17 years of half-hourly aeronautic observations (METAR) and special observations (SPECI) in the three international airports of mainland Portugal indicates strong variations in fog properties. Fog is a rare event at Faro, a winter phenomenon in Lisbon and mainly a summer process at Porto. At both Lisbon and Porto, fog is favoured by specific synoptic circulations, here classified into a set of weather types, compatible with the strict requirements of fog formation. At the same time, however, a detailed analysis of the distribution of fog, and the classification of its onset processes, reveal a crucial dependence on local wind. This suggests that the advection of moist air from nearby sources, from the Tagus estuary at Lisbon and from the ocean at Porto, is the dominant process at both locations, despite the large differences found in the timing of those fog processes. The observational data (METAR) prior to the fog formation is used to classify the fog generation mechanism for 96.9% of the fog events at Porto, and 98.9% at Lisbon. Among the five fog types identified using a classification algorithm, cloud base lowering is the most common one at both locations, gathering half of the classified fog events, followed by advection, precipitation, and radiation. No fog event of the evaporation type was detected at both airports. The analysis of the observed horizontal visibility during the fog events revealed that cloud base lowering and radiation fog are the most intense events. The median of the minimum horizontal visibility of these two types of fog varies between 150 and 250 m, as the average ranges between 217.8 and 312.9 m. The study results have revealed a promising prefog diagnosis tool to be explored in detail in further operational context studies.
Preparing Wildlife for Climate Change: How Far Have We Come?

Global biodiversity is in unprecedented decline and on‐the‐ground solutions are imperative for conservation. Although there is a large volume of evidence related to climate change effects on wildlife, research on climate adaptation strategies is lagging. To assess the current state of knowledge in climate adaptation, we conducted a comprehensive literature review and evaluated 1,346 peer‐reviewed publications for management recommendations designed to address the consequences of climate change on wildlife populations. From 509 publications, we identified 2,306 recommendations and employed both qualitative and quantitative methods for data analysis. Although we found an increase in the volume and diversity of recommendations since 2007, a focus on protected areas (26%, 596 of 2,306 recommendations) and the non‐reserve matrix (12%, 276 of 2,306 recommendations) remained prominent in the climate adaptation literature. Common concepts include protected areas, invasive species, ecosystem services, adaptive management, stepping stones, assisted migration, and conservation easements. In contrast, only 1% of recommendations focused on reproduction (n= 26), survival (n= 14), disease (n= 26), or human‐wildlife conflict (n= 24). Few recommendations reflected the potential for local‐scale management interventions. We demonstrate limited advancement in preparing natural resource managers in climate adaptation at local, management‐relevant scales. Additional research is needed to identify and evaluate climate adaptation strategies aimed at reducing the vulnerability of wildlife to contemporary climate change. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.
In silico Anticancer Activity and in vitro Antioxidant of Flavonoids in Plectranthus amboinicus

Exposure to carcinogenic substances will damage Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid (DNA). If the Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid (DNA) repair fails, it will lead to cancer.1 Based on research results from the International Agency for Research on Cancer, the most common cancers in Indonesia are breast, cervical, lung, ovarian, rectum, thyroid, colon, liver and nasopharyngeal cancer.2 The main strategy of choice in the treatment of colon cancer is chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) but it is very toxic to other normal tissues.3-4
Addiction to smartphones leading to distraction in the classrooms: Effect of different cultures

Abstract Just like every other technical device, the smartphone has its boon and bane. Excessive use of smartphones in the classrooms distracts students and hampers learning. In this study, across two experiments (with and without smartphones), we have observed groups of students based on culture to find their attention and anxiety in classrooms. We have drawn out some conclusions by taking into consideration whether students were Asian, European or African as culture has not been considered in previous studies. Focus level is disturbed by smartphones and our study proves that every culture behaves differently. Asian students could focus more in classrooms without their smartphones and European students became anxious without their smartphones. Male students were found to be more addicted to their smartphones as compared to female students.
The Arrival of Information and Price Adjustment Across Extreme Quantiles: Global Evidence

This study investigates the impact of information arrival on prices for 21 major global market indices for the period 1998–2018, employing quantile regression methodology. The results show that there is a contemporaneous and causal effect of volume on returns. This return-volume relation is a manifestation of systematic market-wide information that is released in an autocorrelated manner to market participants. This information is absorbed by the market participants over short horizons, within a day. This leads to uniform expectations and, in turn, lower volatility levels. The effect of volume on return is heterogeneous across the conditional quantiles, reflecting the contrasting patterns in the transmission of positive and negative news. This evidence is more pronounced when the intensity of information arrival is high (the tails of return distribution), which is consistent with the mixture of distribution hypothesis and information asymmetry hypothesis.
Effect of Alkaloids on SARS-CoV-2

The use of herbs in treatment has started with the history of humanity and a significant number of effective drugs are being developed from herbal sources. Primary and secondary metabolites, which are natural products produced by plants, are the most basic products of the industry directly or indirectly. One of these groups is alkaloids. Alkaloids show antiviral effects in viral diseases. COVID-19, which started in China and spread to many countries, has become an epidemic that threatens all humanity worldwide as "Coronavirus Pandemic". No reliable and certified drug has yet been developed for this virus. Recent important research shows that plant-based substances can be potential candidates for developing effective and safe drugs against this virus. Referring to such recent studies, this study primarily shows that the antiviral potentials of some alkaloids especially quinine and artemisinin and its derivatives. In addition, the importance of antiviral plant substances in the development of a broad-spectrum drug for SARS-CoV-2 is emphasized.
PROTOCOL: Improving access to health and social services for individuals experiencing, or at risk of experiencing, homelessness

The title should be in headline style summarising the main findings of the review, for example, “enforcing conditions makes cash transfers more effective in increasing enrolments” and “detention of asylum seekers has adverse effects on mental health”. The title for empty reviews can state that there is no evidence, for example, “there is no rigorous evidence on the effectiveness of refugee resettlement programs”. Titles can also reflect the size of the effects or the quality of the evidence, for example, “Limited evidence and limited effects of advocacy to reduce intimate partner violence”.
Optimal rotor design for brushless doubly fed reluctance machines

This paper examines the impact of the rotor design on the torque and power factor of the brushless doubly fed reluctance machine (BDFRM) with an axially laminated rotor and radially laminated rotor. The performance of this type of machine depends on the ability of the rotor to couple the field of the primary winding to the secondary and vice versa. Models to date have been based on a first order approach ignoring higher order harmonics. This paper aims to evaluate the theoretical model of this machine by examining higher order harmonics in the gap field distribution, with an aim to determine an optimal rotor design for torque generation and machine power factor.
Variational Inference over Nonstationary Data Streams for Exponential Family Models

In many modern data analysis problems, the available data is not static but, instead, comes in a streaming fashion. Performing Bayesian inference on a data stream is challenging for several reasons. First, it requires continuous model updating and the ability to handle a posterior distribution conditioned on an unbounded data set. Secondly, the underlying data distribution may drift from one time step to another, and the classic i.i. d. (independent and identically distributed), or data exchangeability assumption does not hold anymore. In this paper, we present an approximate Bayesian inference approach using variational methods that addresses these issues for conjugate exponential family models with latent variables. Our proposal makes use of a novel scheme based on hierarchical priors to explicitly model temporal changes of the model parameters. We show how this approach induces an exponential forgetting mechanism with adaptive forgetting rates. The method is able to capture the smoothness of the concept drift, ranging from no drift to abrupt drift. The proposed variational inference scheme maintains the computational efficiency of variational methods over conjugate models, which is critical in streaming settings. The approach is validated on four different domains (energy, finance, geolocation, and text) using four real-world data sets.
Caractérisation des décharges électriques se propageant aux interfaces gaz/solide – Relation entre propriétés des matériaux et dimension fractale

Ce travail porte sur l'etude de la morphologie et de la longueur finale Lf des decharges se propageant sur divers types de dielectriques solides (PTFE avec differentes charges, resine Epoxy et verre) en presence des gaz SF6, N2 et CO2 ainsi que des melanges SF6 - N2 et SF6 - CO2, sous tension de foudre (1,2/50 µs), en geometrie pointe - plan. Les materiaux consideres ont ete choisis pour leur grande utilisation dans les applications haute et moyenne tensions (disjoncteurs en particulier). Les caracteristiques de la decharge sont analysees en fonction de l'amplitude et de la polarite de la tension, de la nature et de l'epaisseur de l'isolant solide, du type et de la pression du gaz (ou melange) ainsi que de la concentration des gaz constituant le melange. Il ressort des resultats obtenus que l'aspect morphologique des decharges varie selon les constituants de l'interface gaz/solide, l'amplitude et la polarite de la tension ainsi que la pression du gaz. En presence d'un gaz ou melange donne, Lf augmente quasi-lineairement avec la tension et decroit lorsque la pression, l'epaisseur du solide dielectrique et/ou le taux de SF6 dans le melange augmentent. Aussi, pour une tension et une pression donnees, Lf est plus eleve en polarite positive alors que la tension d'apparition des decharges est plus elevee en polarite negative. Les resultats obtenus avec l'azote et le melange SF6 - N2 sont tres aleatoires. Le calcul du champ par elements finis (Flux 2D/3D) montre que le renforcement du champ au voisinage de la pointe est d'autant plus important que la difference entre la constante dielectrique du materiau solide et celle du gaz est grande. Les enregistrements de courants associes aux decharges ont revele l'existence d'une decharge secondaire de signe oppose a la tension appliquee. Ce phenomene est du a l'accumulation de charges sur la surface de l'isolant solide ; certains materiaux accumulent moins de charges surfaciques et la longueur finale des decharges qui s'y developpent est plus courte. Une relation entre le type de gaz (melange) et sa pression, la nature du dielectrique solide et son epaisseur, et la dimension fractale D des decharges a ete etablie. D diminue lorsque l'epaisseur e du solide et/ou la pression du gaz augmente et/ou la permittivite dielectrique du solide diminue.
Ground support loading monitored with Rock Bolt Sensor (RBS™) and relationship to nearby production and seismicity

The National Research Council of Canada has developed a novel ultrasound based Rock Bolt Sensor (RBS™) to monitor load, deformation, and integrity of rock bolts. Several RBSs were deployed to monitor bolts in the roof of an intersection of two drifts and with another region of monitoring tens of metres away in the roof of the drift. The intersection spanned two rock types with different stiffness characteristics. The region was also covered by an extensive seismic system with a mixture of triaxial geophones and both triaxial and uniaxial accelerometers. Using three weeks of recorded data, the loading on 12 bolts was monitored during the production of several nearby stopes and analysed alongside the recorded seismicity. A significant increase in loading on the bolts in the roof was recorded when production occurred within 40 m of the instrumented intersection despite several other stopes producing more significant seismicity following blasting. The load was also taken up asymmetrically, with more substantial changes in load occurring in the bolts in the greywacke. During the study period, several large seismic events occurred within 500 m of the study area. Seismic moment tensor analysis was conducted on several of the seismic events to estimate the mechanism of failure and, using seismic stress inversion, the orientation of the observed fractures was estimated and the directions of principal stress. There was a strong increase in the load on the bolts located in the intersection, across the two different formations, several hours after a large seismic event occurred on that contact several hundred metres away. This work showed a connection between loading on the bolt and large changes in the local stress field due to nearby production and significant seismicity along structures in the region. In addition to monitoring the loading of the rock bolts, the Rock Bolt Sensor can be utilised to better understand the coseismic and postseismic deformation within the mine and improve models of the local stress field.
Uma Avaliação de Estratégias de Detecção de Conteúdo de Baixa Qualidade: Quais Atributos Ainda São Relevantes?

Milhoes de usuarios passaram a contar com a ampla gama de servicos fornecidos pelas Redes Sociais. Entretanto, a facilidade em utilizar essas redes para comunicacao tornaram as mesmas vulneraveis a usuarios mal intencionados (spammers), que tem objetivo de proliferar diferentes tipos de dados maliciosos ou difundir conteudos de baixa qualidade (spams). Um dos principais exemplos dessas aplicacoes e o Twitter, para o qual diversas estrategias de deteccao de spams vem sendo propostas. No presente trabalho, realizamos uma pesquisa bibliografica dessas estrategias. Por meio de uma avaliacao experimental identificamos quais delas ainda sao aplicaveis no cenario atual, considerando que o Twitter vem passando por mudancas constantemente.
An Anomalous Isotope Effect of 235U in U(IV)-U(VI) Chemical Exchange

The abundance ratios of 234U, 235U, 236U and 238U were determined by mass spectrometry on uranium samples obtained from a chromatographic uranium enrichment process based on the U(IV) - U(VI) chemical exchange reaction. According to standard theory, the elementary isotope effect in processes based on equilibrium chemical exchange is proportional to the mass difference of the isotopes. In the present work this has been confirmed for 234U, 236U and 238U. However, according to the observed data the fractionation between 234U and 235U is much smaller than the one between 235U and 236U in spite of the same mass difference in either isotopic pair. The anomaly of the fractionation is concluded to be due to the characteristics of 235U, which is the only odd mass number isotope in the present system.
A cost‐effective LoRa‐based customized device for agriculture field monitoring and precision farming on IoT platform

Low‐power wide area networks (LPWAN) applications are emerging as a new paradigm, over Internet of Things (IoT) platform. LoRa (long range) is playing a key role in information exchange between motes. This paper illustrates a mathematical optimization technique of LoRa modulation, i.e., frequency shift chirp modulation. Mathematical optimization for low power and LoRa has been validated with customized hardware designed for agricultural application. The performance analysis with channel modulation is mentioned in the networks. LoRa link budget concerning various obstacles calculated and losses are noted during testing. In context to the agricultural application, customized motes have been deployed in an agricultural field for field monitoring. The mathematical model is validated using a hardware device. Further data collection and data analysis are mentioned. Code optimization techniques are implemented to improve the overall efficiency of the device. Localization of sensor nodes also discussed to cover all the area of coverage. A comparative analysis is a showcased between SNR (signal‐to‐noise ratio) and RSSI (received signal strength indicator).
Comparative study between automated blood culture and conventional blood culture in neonatal septicaemia cases isolated in a tertiary care hospital in Odisha

Background: Neonatal sepsis is the third leading cause of neonatal mortality and a major public health problem, especially in developing countries. In developing countries sepsis being cause of neonatal mortality is responsible for 30-50% of the 5 million of total neonatal deaths each year. The detection of microorganisms in a patient's blood has a great diagnostic and prognostic significance. Blood cultures provide essential information for the evaluation of a variety of diseases like endocarditis, pneumonia, and pyrexia of unknown origin particularly in patients with suspected sepsis. In our study we have done blood cultures from patients on a neonatal intensive care unit by both automated and conventional system simultaneously and have done comparative analysis between the two systems. Methods: The aim of this study was to compare the results of blood culture employing the conventional and BacT/Alert and VITEK-2 methods for detection of neonatal septicaemia cases. A prospective study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology in association with Department of Paediatrics and NICU, of Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar. 250 neonates with clinically suspected septicaemia were included in the study group. Three (3) ml of venous blood was collected aseptically of which 2ml was cultured by automated BacT/Alert and VITEK-2 method for rapid isolation and sensitivity test and rest 1 ml of blood for conventional culture. Results: Isolation of bacterial pathogens by culture using the automated system showed greater positivity (32.8%) as compared to 18% by conventional blood culture system. Conclusions: This study shows that automated blood culture system is superior to conventional blood culture system in terms of rapid and specific isolation of organism.