Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Climate, clothing and adaptation in the built environment

Specification of acceptable indoor temperatures depends, in part, on assumptions about what people will be wearing. These assumptions have implications for optimising both thermal comfort and energy conservation. Recent proposed revisions to ASHRAE Standard 55 include an adaptive comfort standard that allows a wider range of acceptable indoor temperatures, presented as a function of outdoor weather conditions. Clothing behaviour is one of the causal linkages between indoor thermal comfort and outdoor weather. This paper quantifies this relationship using a cross-sectional study of clothing insulation patterns observed in Sydney, Australia. Fifty two percent of the day-to-day variance in mean daily clo values was accounted for by daily outdoor temperature, and no statistical association between clo values and prevailing indoor temperatures. This paper concludes with an equation for a weighted running mean weekly temperature which can be used in an adaptive algorithm for defining variable indoor comfort temperatures in air conditioned buildings.
Cleft palate in the domestic dog, Canis lupus familiaris – etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment

Cleft palate is one of the most common congenital defects in the domestic dog associated with abnormal craniofacial development. Brachycephalic breeds seem to be most predilected. This anatomical and functional disorder is characterized by the presence of the fissure connecting the oral and nasal cavities. There are clefts of primary and/or secondary palate. Despite developing diagnostic and therapeutic me- thods, clinical examination and surgery are still the basis for the diagnosis and possible treatment of the malformation. In most cases euthanasia of the animal is performed. The eliminatin of affected individuals from the breeding is strongly recommended. The defect has probably a heterogeneous etiology, both genetic and environmental factors contributing to its formation. However, its genetic etiology has not yet been clearly explained.
Void growth in high strength aluminium alloy single crystals: a CPFEM based study

High strength aluminium alloys that are produced through forming and joining processes are widely used in aerospace components. The ductile failure in these metals occurs due to the evolution and accumulation of microscopic defects, such as microvoids and shear bands. The present work investigates the underlying physical mechanisms during ductile failure by performing a rigorous, fully-validated, three-dimensional crystal plasticity, finite element study with aluminium alloy single crystals. Representative volume element (RVE) based simulations of single crystalline aluminium alloys (AA-5xxx) with different void geometries and orientations have been performed. Both local and nonlocal crystal plasticity constitutive models have been implemented in a finite element framework and are used to seek new insights into the interrelationships among void growth, initial porosity, initial void size, plastic anisotropy, and local/nonlocal size effects.
How Maasai settlements affect the grazing habits of the Common Hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) in the Maasai Mara National Reserve, Kenya

With a growing human population as well as a changing lifestyle, the conflict of wildlife and humans is intensifying. In Kenya, Maasais and their livestock have for a long time coexisted with wildlife, but an adjustment to privately own land and cultivation might rapidly change the terms for this coexistence. To understand how the Maasais and their livestock affect the wildlife in the Maasai Mara National Reserve and the surrounding area, this study was undertaken. The purpose of this thesis is to examine how hippos are concerned.
Ascending auctions with bidder asymmetries

We present a partial identification approach for ascending auctions with bidder asymmetries, where bidders' asymmetric types may be unobservable to the econometrician. Our approach yields sharp bounds and builds on and generalizes other recent bounds approaches for correlated private values ascending auctions. When bidder identities are observable, our approach yields tighter bounds than previous approaches that ignore asymmetry, demonstrating that bidder asymmetries can function as an aid rather than a hindrance to identification. We present a nonparametric estimation and inference approach relying on our identification argument and apply it to data from U.S. timber auctions, finding that bounds on optimal reserve prices and other objects of interest are noticeably tighter when exploiting bidder asymmetries. Ascending auction partial identification correlated values asymmetries C10 D44 L10
Acoustic Design and Repetitive Speech and Motor Movement in Children with Autism

Emerging research in Evidence-Based Design for interiors such as classrooms has begun considering the unique sensory needs of users with autism spectrum disorders. The current study observes the impact of the acoustic environment on repetitive speech and motor movement in children with autism. An observational study was conducted in four school classrooms to observe changes in behavior associated with changes in the decibel levels in the room. Forty-two children diagnosed with high-functioning autism between the ages of six and nine years old were observed in classroom settings. Variant decibel levels in the classrooms and variance in the frequency of repetitive behaviors were measured to determine the strength and direction of the correlations between the two. Results were analyzed using Noldus Observer XT software, and confirmed the hypothesized relationship. The finding that repetitive behavior is correlated with the acoustical condition of the environment should be considered in the design of classrooms for children with autism, for the benefit of user comfort and educational performance.
Detection of Outliers and Reduction of their Undesirable Effects for Improving the Accuracy of K-means Clustering Algorithm

Clustering is an unsupervised categorization technique and also a highly used operation in data mining, in which, the data sets are divided into certain clusters according to similarity or dissimilarity criterions so that the assigned objects to each cluster would be more similar to each other comparing to the objects of other clusters. The k-means algorithm is one of the most well-known algorithms in clustering that is used in various models of data mining. The k-means categorizes a set of objects into certain number of clusters. One of the most important problems of this algorithm occurs when encountering to outliers. The outliers in the data set lead to getting away from the real cluster centers and consequently a reduction in the clustering algorithm accuracy. In this paper, we separate outliers from normal objects using a mechanism based on dissimilarity of objects. Then, the normal objects are clustered using kmeans algorithm process and finally, the outliers are assigned to the closest cluster. The experimental results show the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
ENERGY EFFICIENT TWO STAGE CHAIN ROUTING PROTOCOL (TSCP) FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

Wireless sensor nodes are mostly used in extreme en vironments, especially at remote and hostile areas including battlefield, volcanoes and underwater. Th us, it is difficult to replenish the energy source of the sensor node once it is installed. In order to prolo ng the lifetime of the nodes, we propose a new rout ing algorithm that can achieve significant energy conse rvation in WSNs, known as Two Stage Chain Routing Protocol (TSCP). The main objectives of TSCP is to minimize the total energy consumption, achieve more load balancing and increase the network lifetime wi th more stability compared with other routing algorithms, for examples Chain-Cluster based Mixed routing (CCM) and Chain-Chain Based Routing Protocol (CCBRP). TSCP algorithm divides the sensor network into multiple chains and work within two stages. The first stage is dividing the nodes to ho rizontal chains that include all sensor nodes withi n the same row and the second stage is forming a vertical chain that includes all chain heads. The mechanism for selecting the heads in each row is sequentially cho sen with all the heads belong to the same column. I n the second stage, the node with maximum residual energy amongst the chain heads will be the main head that functions as a gateway to the base station. Simulat ion results show that TSCP outperforms CCM and CCBRP in overall energy conservation, network lifetime and stability.
FCC-hh turn-around cycle

The turn-around cycle time of a collider is defined as the time spent between the end of stable beams and the start of the next stable beams period, and its calculation is of fundamental importance. On one side it is a crucial ingredient for the computation of the optimal time spent in luminosity production, which defines the integrated luminosity per fill or store. On the other side, combined with the availability and reliability of the machine, it allows to perform a detailed breakdown of the operational performance of the collider over an operational season, i.e. percentage of time in stable beams and beam in the machine with respect to down time. This paper presents a preliminary operational cycle definition for the hadron-hadron Future Circular Collider, as a base line for estimating the corresponding turn-around time. The cycle definition is based on the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) operational cycle. Two turn-around times are presented, the theoretical one and a more realistic one based on the LHC experience.
Wheat germ oil attenuates deltamethrin-induced injury in rat cerebellar cortex: Histological and immunohistochemical study

Introduction: Deltamethrin, a widely used insecticide, has neurotoxic effects causing apoptosis. Wheat germ oil is a highly valuable part of wheat that proved to have neuro-protective and anti-apoptotic effects.Aim of the work: To evaluate the possible protective role of wheat germ oil in deltamethrin-induced injury in rat cerebellar cortex.Materials and Methods: Four equal groups of adult male albino rats "10 rats, each" were used; control group, wheat germ oil (WGO) group (100 mg/kg), deltamethrin group (0.6 mg/kg), and deltamethrin & wheat germ oil combination group. Daily oral doses were given for consecutive thirty days. Specimens of the cerebellum were processed for histological and immunohistochemical study. Morphometric studies and statistical analysis were performed.Results: In comparison with the control group, the specimens of the deltamethrin group showed disturbed monolayer arrangement of Purkinje cells with loss of the normal shape. Shrunken deeply stained Purkinje cells as well as some lost cells were noticed. Immunohistochemically, a significant decrease in Bcl2 immunoreaction revealed together with a significant increase in Bax immunoreactivity in Purkinje cells. Moreover, significant increase in the GFAP immune-expression was seen in all cortical layers. In contrast, minimal changes appeared in the group treated concomitantly with deltamethrin and wheat germ oil.Conclusion: Wheat germ oil attenuates deltamethrin-induced structural changes in rat cerebellar cortex.
Environmental Sustainability and Regional Competitiveness: Innovative Steps by a Local Public Authority towards Energy Saving

Public local authorities are among the key players not only for assisting a nation to achieve its strategic energy goals but also for raising awareness towards relevant topics among its citizens. Yet, there has been little research on their role in this policy agenda. This paper aims to fill this gap by highlighting the significance of a local authority’s outcomes, in the environmental sustainability sphere, by its participation in various projects and EU programs. The reference years are 2014 to 2019 and the focus area is energy savings in public buildings and raising awareness on energy issues and sustainable development. This article’s aim is to outline the derived add value towards regional competitiveness and environmental sustainability from each action. Hersonisos Municipality’s holistic approach aims to reduce its overall energy balance and to point out that local authorities can become both a beckon of sustainability and a regional development pillar.
Improved Monodispersity of Plasmonic Nanoantennas via Centrifugal Processing

Noble metal nanoparticle clusters underlie a variety of plasmonic devices and measurements including surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Because of the strong dependence of plasmonic properties on nanoparticle cluster aggregation state, the elimination of non-SERS-active structures and the refinement of the nanoparticle cluster population are critical to realizing uniform and reproducible structures for plasmonic nanoantenna applications such as SERS-based sensors. In this Letter, we report a centrifugal sorting technique for gold core/silica shell nanoparticles that host SERS reporter molecules at the gold/silica interface. The relatively massive nanoparticle clusters are sorted by sedimentation coefficient via centrifugation in a high-viscosity density gradient medium, iodixanol, which yields solutions that contain a preponderance of one aggregation state and a diminished monomer population, as determined by transmission electron microscopy, extinction spectroscopy, and SERS. A quantitative anal.
Preference Learning - ReadingSample

Supervised learning is characterized by a broad spectrum of learning problems, often involving structured types of prediction, including classification, ranking-based predictions (label and instance ranking), and (ordinal) regression in its various forms. All these different learning problems are typically addressed by specific algorithmic solutions. In this chapter, we propose a general preference learning model (GPLM), which gives an easy way to translate any supervised learning problem and the associated cost functions into sets of preferences to learn from. A large margin principled approach to solve this problem is also proposed. Examples of how the proposed framework has been effectively used by us to address non-standard real-world applications are reported showing the flexibility and effectiveness of the approach.
Sensory evaluation of the color of mutton by computer vision system

Evaluation of meat color by a computer vision system (CVS) is a promising implement to dominate the difficulties when the meat is directly evaluated. In this study, 60 Longissimus dorsi from different carcasses of sheep were provided and cut into samples in 5 mm thickness. Immediately under standard shooting conditions, photographing was carried out by CVS. At the same time, the color of meat was measured with Hunterlab colorimeter. The first photo was taken on samples on a freshly cut surface just arrived at the laboratory and the others on 3rd, 5th,7th, 9th, 11th, and 13th days after slaughtering. Then, seven trained sensory panels were asked to evaluate the color of the photos that were taken during 13 days and graded them in order of preference. In general sensory panel preferred samples with high lightness, a relatively high redness, and yellowness until 7 days after slaughtering.
THE MODULUS AND EPIDEMIC PROCESSES ON GRAPHS by MAX GOERING

This thesis contains three chapters split into two parts. In the first chapter, the discrete p-modulus of families of walks is introduced and discussed from various perspectives. Initially, we prove many properties by mimicking the theory from the continuous case and use Arne Beurling’s criterion for extremality to build insight and intuition regarding the modulus. After building an intuitive understanding of the p-modulus, we proceed to switch perspectives to that of convex analysis. From here, uniqueness and existence of extremal densities is shown and a better understanding of Beurling’s criterion is developed before describing an algorithm that approximates the value of the p-modulus arbitrarily well. In the second chapter, an exclusively edge-based approach to the discrete transboundary modulus is described. Then an interesting application is discussed with some preliminary numerical results. The final chapter describes four different takes of the Susceptible-Infected (SI) epidemic model on graphs and shows them to be equivalent. After developing a deep understanding of the SI model, the epidemic hitting time is compared to a variety of different graph centralities to indicate successful alternative methods in identifying important agents in epidemic spreading. Numerical results from simulations on many real-world graphs are presented. They indicate the effective resistance, which coincides with the 2-modulus for connecting families, is the most closely correlated indicator of importance to that of the epidemic hitting time. In large part, this is suspected to be due to the global nature of both the effective resistance and the epidemic hitting time. Thanks to the equivalence between the epidemic hitting time and the expected distance on an randomly exponentially weighted graph, we uncover a deeper connectionthe effective resistance is also a lower bound for the epidemic hitting time, showing an even deeper connection.
An efficient exponentiation method against side channel attacks in Torus-Based-Cryptosystem

ABSTRACT We propose an efficient exponentiation method which is resistan t against some side channel attacks in    , Torus-Based-Cryptosystem. It is more efficient than the general exponentiation method in    and is resistant against SPA by using that the difference of squaring and multiplication cos ts is negligible. Moreover, we can randomize a message in exponentiation step using the characteristic of quotient group which naturally protects against the first DPA.Keywords: Torus-Based-Cryptosystem, Quotient Group, Side Channel Attack , SPA, DPA, Finite Field, Public Key Cryptosystem I. 서 론 엘가말(ElGamal) 암호시스템[1]과 DSA[2]와 같이 유한체 곱셈군에서 이산대수문제를 이용한 많은 시스템들이 암호학적 응용으로 유용하게 제안되었다. 이들은 소수체(prime field)의 부분군을 사용하며, 이 시스템의 안전성은 큰 소수를 위수로 갖는 부분군에서의 이산대수문제는 유한체 전체 곱셈군의 이산대 접수일(2013년 5월 22일), 게재확정일(2013년 5월 29일)* 본 연구는 2010년도 정부(교육과학기술부)의 재원으로 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 기초연구사업입니다. (No. 2010-0011511). †주저자, youngho@sjcu.ac. kr‡교신저자, nschang@sjcu.ac. kr(Corresponding author) 수문제만큼 어렵다는데 근거를 두고 있다[3]. 또한 소수체 대신에 확장체의 부분군을 사용하는 시스템들이 주목을 받고 있으며 LUC[4]와 XTR[9]이 공개키 암호법으로 소개되었다. 특히 2003년 Park외 2명[6]은 이차확창체의 상군에서의 이산대수문제를 고려한 암호시스템을 제안하였으며 이와 독립적으로 Rabin와 Silverberg[7]가 Torus based Cryptography(TBC)을 제안하였고 그 후 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다[8-13]. TBC는 공개키 파라메터의 크기를 줄여 통신량을 절약할 뿐만 아니라 효율적인 연산방법들이 가능하다. LUC와 XTR과 다르게 기존의 유한체의 부분군 이산대수 시스템에서의 스킴들을 사용할 수 있으며 따라서 기존의 ElGamal 암호시스템, DSA, DH 키교환 스
The impact of influenza A hemagglutinin glycosylations on the breadth of the humoral immune response

Influenza A is a highly contagious respiratory virus whose surface protein hemagglutinin (HA) constantly obtains mutations at its five antigenic sites. These mutations occasionally lead to acquisition of new N-linked glycosylation sites that may alter the antigenicity and virulence of influenza virus by shielding the major antigenic epitopes. Glycosylation sites 71, 142, 144, 172, 177 and 179 have occurred in the HA globular head of the natural seasonal H1N1 influenza A strains and become fixed over time. The immunomodulatory role of these single and multiple additional N-linked glycosylation sites in the recombinant pandemic A/Netherlands/602/09 H1N1 (rWT) background was assessed. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays were performed with mouse and ferret antisera to evaluate the effect of these additional glycosylations on the breadth of humoral immune response. Poor HI activity was observed with antisera from mice infected with the rWT and the recombinant virus glycosylated at site 144 against 14 natural seasonal H1N1 isolates that occupy variable glycosylations and are antigenically distant from the pandemic strain. It was shown that mouse antisera elicited by viruses containing an additional glycosylation at site 144 or 144172 were capable of cross-reacting with the rWT and a panel of recombinant mutant viruses with single or multiple additional glycosylations. Conversely, antiserum from mice infected with the rWT had a considerable loss in cross-reactivity against the viruses glycosylated at sites 144 or 144-172. However, antisera from ferrets infected with the 144-glycosylated or 144-172-glycosylated viruses showed narrowed cross-reactivity against a panel of glycosylation mutant viruses and were not capable of neutralising the rWT, as measured by microneutralisation assays. Based on the observations with mouse antisera, most of the polyclonal activity seems to be directed against the antigenic site Sa, efficiently masked by glycosylation at site 144. This alters the antigenicity of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus by redirecting the focus of polyclonal response to multiple sites around the site Sa. The broad cross-reactivity was shown to be unique to site 144, since the breadth of polyclonal response elicited by other mutant viruses with single or multiple glycosylation sites was narrowed below homologous titres, having no activity against the viruses containing the site 144. Broadening the humoral immune response by incorporation of additional glycosylation sites provides an approach for universal, broadly reactive influenza vaccines. However, further validation is warranted in both animal models.
A Test for the Number of Factors in an Approximate Factor Model

An important issue in applications of multifactor models of asset returns is the appropriate number of factors. Most extant tests for the number of factors are valid only for strict factor models, in which diversifiable returns are uncorrelated across assets. In this paper, the authors develop a test statistic to determine the number of factors in an approximate factor model of asset returns, which does not require that diversifiable components of returns be uncorrelated across assets. They find evidence for one to six pervasive factors in the cross section of New York Stock Exchange and American Stock Exchange stock returns. Copyright 1993 by American Finance Association.
Resolving the Nuclear Obscuring Disk in the Compton-thick Seyfert Galaxy NGC 5643 with ALMA

We present ALMA Band 6 12CO(2–1) line and rest-frame 232 GHz continuum observations of the nearby Compton-thick Seyfert galaxy NGC 5643 with angular resolutions 0. ″11–0. ″26 (9–21 pc). The CO(2–1) integrated line map reveals emission from the nuclear and circumnuclear region with a two-arm nuclear spiral extending ∼10″ on each side. The circumnuclear CO(2–1) kinematics can be fitted with a rotating disk, although there are regions with large residual velocities and/or velocity dispersions. The CO(2–1) line profiles of these regions show two different velocity components. One is ascribed to the circular component and the other to the interaction of the AGN outflow, as traced by the [O iii]λ5007 Å emission, with molecular gas in the disk a few hundred parsecs from the AGN. On nuclear scales, we detected an inclined CO(2–1) disk (diameter 26 pc, FWHM) oriented almost in a north–south direction. The CO(2–1) nuclear kinematics can be fitted with a rotating disk that appears to be tilted with respect to the large-scale disk. There are strong non-circular motions in the central 0. ″2–0. ″3 with velocities of up to 110 km s−1. In the absence of a nuclear bar, these motions could be explained as radial outflows in the nuclear disk. We estimate a total molecular gas mass for the nuclear disk of M(H2) = 1.1 × 107 M⊙ and an H2 column density toward the location of the AGN of N(H2) ∼ 5 × 1023 cm−2, for a standard CO-to-H2 conversion factor. We interpret this nuclear molecular gas disk as the obscuring torus of NGC 5643 as well as the collimating structure of the ionization cone.