Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Method for Automatic 3D Measurement of Unknown Objects Based on the Structured Light System

This paper proposes a novel approach to determine three-dimensional (3-D) model from a minimum number of viewpoint of an object. Calculating the position relation location of two coordinate system in order to splice the multi- view point cloud. The Next Best Views (NBV) is calculated by the visibility classification and Mean-shift algorithm and then the overall morphology of the measured object can be acquired. The view planning method not only reaches a fast measurement speed, but also possesses a high fidelity to the complex regions of the measured object by the experiments. Keywords-coordinate transformation; next best view; 3-D measurement; view planning
Morphology , Diet Composition , Distribution and Nesting Biology of Four Lark Species in Mongolia

We aimed to enhance existing knowledge of four lark species (Mongolian lark, Horned lark, Eurasian skylark, and Lesser short-toed lark), with respect to nesting biology, distribution, and diet, using long-term dataset collected during 2000–2012. Nest and egg measurements substantially varied among species. For pooled data across species, the clutch size averaged 3.72 ± 1.13 eggs and did not differ among larks. Body mass of nestlings increased signifi cantly with age at weighing. Daily increase in body mass of lark nestlings ranged between 3.09 and 3.89 gram per day. Unsurprisingly, the majority of lark locations occurred in steppe ecosystems, followed by human created systems; whereas only 1.8% of the pooled locations across species were observed in forest ecosystem. Diet composition did not vary among species in the proportions of major food categories consumed. The most commonly occurring food items were invertebrates and frequently consumed were being beetles (e.g. Coleoptera: Carabidae, Scarabaeidae, and Curculionidae) and grasshoppers (e.g. Orthoptera: Acrididae), and their occurrences accounted for 63.7% of insect related food items. Among the fi ve morphological traits we measured, there were signifi cant differences in wing span, body mass, bill, and tarsus; however tail lengths did not differ across four species.
On the study of tree pattern matching algorithms and applications

Solving Tree Pattern Query problem is the central part of XML database query. This thesis presents several new algorithms to solve Tree Pattern Query problem and its variations. All of them have better time complexity than any existing algorithms. This thesis also describes the design, implementation, and application of two new algorithms to detect cloned code. The algorithms operate on the abstract syntax trees formed by many compilers as an intermediate representation. They extend prior work by identifying clones even when arbitrary subtrees have been changed. On a 440,000-line code corpus, 2050% of the clones found eluded previous methods.
A novel implementation method for TD-LTE distributed antenna system-MICROLAN active antenna system

The application of MIMO technology increases TD-LTE systems channel capacity remarkably. However, it is very difficult to deploy indoor dual-feeder DAS. To solve this problem, this paper inventively proposes a frequency conversion technique, MICROLAN, which enables the single-feeder DAS to transmit MIMO signal. In this paper, we firstly analyze the theory and working principle of MICROLAN active antenna. Then, the performance of MICROLAN is demonstrated by several field testing. At last, the practicality and reliability for MICROLAN are proved from both construction and economy aspects.
A Scheme for Increasing Visibility of Single Hazy Image under Night Condition

This paper proposes an approach for Increasing visibility of single hazy image under night condition which utilizes a combination of histogram equalization, gamma correction, and dark channel prior with soft matting technique, refined transmission procedure to avoid the generation of block artifacts in the restored image, and effective transmission map estimation by adjusting its intensity via an enhanced transmission procedure based on the adaptive gamma correction technique. Our result shows better contrast noise ratio and peak signal to noise ratio values over existing methods based on dark channel prior.
The Complexity of Structure Sharing in Unification-Based Grammars

We apply complexity theory to grammatical theories. This enables us to compare these grammatical theories by an objective measure. In this paper, we concentrate on restricted versions of Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) and Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG). We show that the ` xed grammar' recognition problems of both restricted versions are intractable. In analogy to the intractability result for LFG in (Barton Jr. et al. 1987), we present an NP -hard lower bound on the complexity of both recognition problems. In addition, we also present an NP upper bound on the complexity. Thus we show that the recognition problems are NP -complete. The presented versions avoid theory speci c constructions, because of the imposed restrictions. Thus, we conjecture that the complexity results hold for other uni cation grammars, e.g., Functional Uni cation Grammar and PATR-II. The intractability proofs show that excessive structure sharing and recursive attributes cause the complexity. We conclude that the grammatical theories should force restrictions on these phenomena.
A Survey on Resource Allocation Strategies in Cloud Computing

Cloud computing has become a new age technology that has got huge potentials in enterprises and markets. Clouds can make it possible to access applications and associated data from anywhere. Companies are able to rent resources from cloud for storage and other computational purposes so that their infrastructure cost can be reduced significantly. Further they can make use of company-wide access to applications, based on pay-as-you-go model. Hence there is no need for getting licenses for individual products. However one of the major pitfalls in cloud computing is related to optimizing the resources being allocated. Because of the uniqueness of the model, resource allocation is performed with the objective of minimizing the costs associated with it. The other challenges of resource allocation are meeting customer demands and application requirements. In this paper, various resource allocation strategies and their challenges are discussed in detail. It is believed that this paper would benefit both cloud users and researchers in overcoming the challenges faced.
Lime effects on the control of annual ryegrass and wild radish in low pH soils

 Lime did not influence initial density of weeds in 2010 to 2012 seasons but reduced density of weeds in 2013 barley crops at all sites and increased grain yield by 6–7% at two out of four sites.  Herbicides (Sakura, Boxer Gold, simazine, or Velocity) effectively controlled weeds in all seasons and increased grain yield of crops by 6–138% in 2013 season across all sites.  A clear interaction effect of lime and herbicide on weed control or crop yield was not evident in this comparatively short-term lime study.
O C ] 2 1 Ju n 20 19 Minimum Variance Solution of Underdetermined Systems of Linear Equations

A system of linear equations is said underdetermined when there are more unknowns than equations. Such systems may have infinitely many solutions. In this case, it is important to single out solutions possessing special features. A well known example is the Minimum Norm (MN) solution, which is the solution having the least Euclidean norm. In this note, we consider another useful solution, related with the MN one, which we call the Minimum Variance (MV) solution. We discuss some of its properties and derive a simple, closed form expression.
Investigation of Quality Traits In 30 Sudanese Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.]R. Br.) Genotypes

30 Sudanese pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum [L.] R. Br.) genotypes were investigated to determine their chemical compositions, mineral contents and physical properities. Randomized complete design with three replications was used for laying out the laboratory experiments. The results showed that there were significant differences (P ≥ 0.5) between the 30 pearl millet genotypes for all the quality studied traits. The means of the chemical compositions showed that, the highest values of protein (16.21%,), carbohydrates (68.63%), fiber (15.37%), moisture (7.05%), Fats (5.21%) and ash ( 1.70%) were obtained by the genotypes Dembi millet, HSD55555, Sudan II, Dembi Shangal Toby, HSD10294 and HSD10294, respectively. The means of the minerals in (mg/kg) showed that, the highest values of Ca (125.7), P (972.33), Fe (100.82), K (5742.3), Mg (1588.3), Na (45.00), Zn (50.68) were obtained by the genotypes Dembi Sea, SADC (Long), Dembi Shangal Toby, Dembi Millet, HSD10293, HSD10292 and HSD10354, respectively. The highest granule size (11.9) and weight of 100 seeds (1.36 gm) were obtained by the genotypes Dembi kabkabia and HSD10294, repectively. Most of the 30 millet genotypes were characterized with yellow and/or different ranges of yellow color mixed with other colors. 27 millet genotypes included 7 local, released and improved varieties exhibited desirable and normal tastes. The considerable variability and the millet genotypes scored high values of quality traits could be of a great value in any millet breeding program and/ or for Sudanese millet consumers.
Somatic molecular analysis augments cytologic evaluation of pancreatic cyst fluids as a diagnostic tool

Objective: Better tools are needed for early diagnosis and classification of pancreatic cystic lesions (PCL) to trigger intervention before neoplastic precursor lesions progress to adenocarcinoma. We evaluated the capacity of molecular analysis to improve the accuracy of cytologic diagnosis for PCL with an emphasis on non-diagnostic/negative specimens. Design: In a span of 7 years, at a tertiary care hospital, 318 PCL endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspirations (EUS-FNA) were evaluated by cytologic examination and molecular analysis. Mucinous PCL were identified based on a clinical algorithm and 46 surgical resections were used to verify this approach. The mutation allele frequency (MAF) of commonly altered genes (BRAF, CDKN2A, CTNNB1, GNAS, RAS, PIK3CA, PTEN, SMAD4, TP53 and VHL) was evaluated for their ability to identify and grade mucinous PCL. Results: Cytology showed a diagnostic sensitivity of 43.5% for mucinous PCL due in part to the impact of non-diagnostic (28.8%) and negative (50.5%) specimens. Incorporating an algorithmic approach or molecular analysis markedly increased the accuracy of cytologic evaluation. Detection of mucinous PCL by molecular analysis was 93.3% based on the detection of KRAS and/or GNAS gene mutations (p = 0.0001). Additional genes provided a marginal improvement in sensitivity but were associated with cyst type (e.g. VHL) and grade (e.g. SMAD4). In the surgical cohort, molecular analysis and the proposed algorithm showed comparable sensitivity (88.9% vs. 100%). Conclusions: Incorporating somatic molecular analysis in the cytologic evaluation of EUS-FNA increases diagnostic accuracy for detection, classification and grading of PCL. This approach has the potential to improve patient management.
Quantifying the Influence of Larval Density on Disease Transmission Indices in Culex quinquefasciatus, the Major African Vector of Filariasis

Larval crowding is one of the abiotic factors affecting biological fitness in mosquitoes. This study aims at elucidating, quantitatively, the influence of more larval crowding on aspects of fitness in Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito. To this end, day-old larvae of the species were reared in 4 density regimens equivalent to 1 larva in 1.25, 2.5, 5, and 10 mL of distilled water. Developmental indices, adult fitness indices, and accumulation and utilisation of teneral reserves for metamorphosis were determined at these density regimens. The results revealed varying significant negative effects of larval density on all fitness indices measured for the species. The study also revealed high utilisation of teneral reserves for metamorphosis at high larval densities. The information generated will be useful in making informed-decisions in allocating scare resources for vector control, although field trials are advocated to establish these laboratory findings.
Sensitivity studies on the effect of surface soil moisture on canopy reflectance using the radiative transfer model GeoSAIL

The effect of the surface soil moisture on canopy reflectance is studied quantitatively using the radiative transfer model GeoSAIL. GeoSAIL is a two-layer version of the SAIL model that considers the hot-spot effect. It further incorporates a sub-model of the soil reflectance considering the influence of surface soil moisture. Simulations of canopy spectra under various input conditions are performed and analyzed assuming sensor specifications of the planned hyperspectral instrument SPECTRA. Besides the modeling methodologies the paper describes the results of the sensitivity analyses and demonstrates the strong impact of soil moisture on the canopy reflectance up to a LAI of 4, and that the soil moisture has a different effect than plant water content. These two moisture variables could thus be separated if hyperspectral data are used.
Microvesicles: ROS scavengers and ROS producers

ABSTRACT This review analyzes the relationship between microvesicles and reactive oxygen species (ROS). This relationship is bidirectional; on the one hand, the number and content of microvesicles produced by the cells are affected by oxidative stress conditions; on the other hand, microvesicles can directly and/or indirectly modify the ROS content in the extra- as well as the intracellular compartments. In this regard, microvesicles contain a pro-oxidant or antioxidant machinery that may produce or scavenge ROS: direct effect. This mechanism is especially suitable for eliminating ROS in the extracellular compartment. Endothelial microvesicles, in particular, contain a specific and well-developed antioxidant machinery. On the other hand, the molecules included in microvesicles can modify (activate or inhibit) ROS metabolism in their target cells: indirect effect. This can be achieved by the incorporation into the cells of ROS metabolic enzymes included in the microvesicles, or by the regulation of signaling pathways involved in ROS metabolism. Proteins, as well as miRNAs, are involved in this last effect.
Two Cases of Guillain-Barré Syndrome Variants Presenting With Dysautonomia

We describe 2 pediatric cases presenting with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome secondary to autonomic dysfunction preceding the onset of motor symptoms in Guillain-Barré syndrome variants. Patient 1 presented acutely with encephalopathy, cerebellar signs, hypertension, lower limb weakness, and respiratory decompensation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain showed occipital lesions consistent with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. Nerve conduction studies were consistent with Miller-Fisher syndrome. After intravenous immunoglobulin and plasmapheresis, he improved clinically with radiological resolution. Patient 2 presented with headache, leg pain, seizures, and significant hypertension. Brain MRI was normal but spine MRI revealed enhancement of the cauda equina ventral nerve roots. She was areflexic with lower limb weakness a few days after intensive care unit admission and made a significant improvement after treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin. In children presenting with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in the absent of other causes of primary hypertension, Guillain-Barré syndrome variants are an important differential etiology, presenting with autonomic dysfunction, even before signs of motor weakness become evident.
Redmap Australia: Challenges and Successes With a Large-Scale Citizen Science-Based Approach to Ecological Monitoring and Community Engagement on Climate Change

Citizen science includes a suite of research approaches that involves participation by citizens, who are not usually trained scientists, in scientific projects. Citizen science projects have the capacity to record observations of species with high precision and accuracy, offering the potential for collection of biological data to support a diversity of research investigations. Moreover, via the involvement of project participants, these projects have the potential to engage the public on scientific issues and to possibly contribute to changes in community knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. However, there are considerable challenges in ensuring that large-scale collection and verification of species data by the untrained public is a robust and useful long-term endeavor, and that project participants are indeed engaged and acquiring knowledge. Here, we describe approaches taken to overcome challenges in creation and maintenance of a website-based national citizen science initiative where fishers, divers, and other coastal users submit opportunistic photographic observations of ‘out-of-range’ species. The Range Extension Database and Mapping Project (Redmap Australia) has two objectives, (1) ecological monitoring for the early detection of species that may be extending their geographic distribution due to environmental change, and (2) engaging the public on the ecological impacts of climate change, using the public’s own data. Semi-automated ‘managed crowd-sourcing’ of an Australia-wide network of scientists with taxonomic expertise is used to verify every photographic observation. This unique system is supported by efficient workflows that ensures the rigor of data submitted. Moreover, ease of involvement for participants and prompt personal feedback has contributed to generating and maintaining ongoing interest. The design of Redmap Australia allows co-creation of knowledge with the community – without participants requiring formal training – providing an opportunity to engage sectors of the community that may not necessarily be willing to undergo training or otherwise be formally involved or engaged in citizen science. Given that capturing changes in our natural environment requires many observations spread over time and space, identifying factors and processes that support large-scale citizen science monitoring projects is increasingly critical.
STUDENT PERCEPTIONS ON USE OF ICT IN LEARNING : A CASE OF ONE SCHOOL IN MOMBASA

The aim of this paper is to present the findings of a qualitative study carried out on perceptions of high school students on the use of ICT in learning in a secondary school in Mombasa Kenya, involving 18 students in the 11 grade (form three). The students took part in three focused group discussions and six one-on-one interviews over a period of two weeks. Several themes on the learners‟ understanding of and reaction to ICT were identified. It was revealed that learners had a sound understanding of the various types of ICTs and could even define them while explaining the uses of these ICTs. Findings also revealed that the learners were generally motivated while using ICTs and that ICTs encourage student-centered learning leading to better understanding and performance in their studies. All in all, the findings from this study reveal that learners are aware of the importance of ICT in their learning and that at the moment the use of ICT in school is no longer a luxury but a necessity that has taken long to materialize.
Origin of the Diplaziumhachijoense complex (Athyriaceae)

Abstract We analyzed the phylogeny of the Diplaziumhachijoense complex using plastid trnL-F and low-copy nuclear marker AK1 DNA sequences. Based on allele constitution, triploid apogamous species of the D.hachijoense complex appeared to have originated from the hybridization of triploid apogamous species and diploid sexual species by recurrent hybridization events. These results suggested that triploid apogamous ferns can achieve hybridization with diploid sexual species by producing diploid spores with irregular meiosis in sporogenesis. Furthermore, the present study predicted the involvement of several unknown species associated with hybridization. More sampling of Callipteris species from China and adjacent areas is required to determine the relationships among unknown species and the D.hachijoense complex.
Assessment of Satellite-Based Chlorophyll-a Algorithms in Eutrophic Korean Coastal Waters: Jinhae Bay Case Study

Jinhae Bay, one of the most important aquaculture areas in Korean coastal waters, has suffered from serious environmental problems due to intensive anthropogenic activities since the 1970s. Determining the response of coastal ecosystems in Korea to anthropogenic activities requires understanding the characteristics of chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a), and the high spatiotemporal resolution of the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) can aid these efforts. However, producing reliable satellite-based Chl-a estimates is challenging in optically complex coastal waters and the Chl-a estimation algorithms must be assessed regionally. Based on in situ Chl-a measurements collected in Jinhae Bay between 2011 and 2016, we evaluated GOCI-derived Chl-a estimates obtained using six ocean color Chl-a algorithms: two standard open ocean algorithms, one GOCI-standard algorithm, and three Tassan’s algorithms regionally modified for Korean waters. All of the algorithms tended to underestimate high Chl-a values >0.9 mg m–3. The Yellow Sea Large Marine Ecosystem Ocean Color Project (YOC) algorithm, one of the modified Tassan’s algorithms, provided the best fit to the in situ Chl-a measurements in Jinhae Bay (r="0.51" , p<"0.05" ), including appropriate representations of the spatial and temporal variation. Therefore, this algorithm can be considered a baseline approach for satellite-based long-term coastal monitoring systems in Jinhae Bay.
The Role of Network Simulator in the 5G Experimentation

The upcoming cellular 5G standard represents a huge leap forward with respect to the actual fourth generation cellular network (LTE). The number of differences with respect to the old standard are aimed at enabling new market scenarios, and most of them are completely new to traditional cellular networks. In this paper we will summarize the insights gained from a real-word testbed in Italy, and the main aspects where a network simulation tool can be used to improve the 5G deployment.