Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of external cephalic version: A review

Objective: To assess the efficacy of external cephalic version, including safety, cost-benefit analysis, and impact on the cesarean delivery rate. Data sources: A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify all articles published in English between 1980-1991 on external cephalic version. References were also cross-checked for all reports. Methods of study selection: We reviewed only those articles providing sufficiently detailed data to determine actual numbers of subjects. In cases of duplicate results, only the latest publication was used. Rates of successful version, cesarean delivery, and fetal and maternal complications were presented. Data extraction and synthesis: Among the United States trials, the success rate was approximately 65% (range 48-77%), and once version succeeded, almost all the fetuses stayed in the vertex position until birth. Among those in whom external version was performed, the mean cesarean delivery rate was 37%, compared with 83% in controls (P < .001). External version would also save 12.3% of the costs of delivering breech patients overall. Conclusion: External cephalic version is safe and cost-effective. It substantially reduces the cesarean delivery rate among breech presentations, decreases the risk related to breech delivery, and avoids cesarean delivery in subsequent pregnancies. However, external version will not have a major impact on the high overall cesarean birth rate.
Update on Biosynthesis of Proanthocyanidins The Mysteries of Proanthocyanidin Transport and Polymerization 1

Flavonoids, including proanthocyanidins (PAs; also called condensed tannins), play a multitude of roles in plants (Winkel-Shirley, 2001). The presence of certain types of flavonoids in crops is associated with desirable and important agronomic traits; therefore, metabolic engineering of flavonoid biosynthesis has attracted considerable interest (Dixon, 2005). PAs are oligomers or polymers of flavan-3-ol units and are prominent flavonoid compounds in seed coats (where they become oxidized and confer a brownish color to the testa), leaves, fruits, flowers, and bark (Dixon et al., 2005). Characterization of a series of transparent testa (tt) and tannin-deficient seed (tds) mutants from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) has led to an in-depth understanding of flavonoid biosynthesis at the molecular level (Shirley et al., 1995; Winkel-Shirley, 2001; Abrahams et al., 2002; Lepiniec et al., 2006; Fig. 1). These studies clearly suggest that, in addition to structural enzymes and regulatory factors, transport proteins are also essential for flavonoid biosynthesis. Ablation of single transporter genes can result in defects in flavonoid and PA production associated with dysfunction of the central vacuole (Baxter et al., 2005; Marinova et al., 2007a, 2007b). With increasing evidence of such links between biochemistry and cell biology, transport and trafficking of plant secondary metabolites is emerging as an important, but technically challenging, research frontier (Grotewold, 2004). In this Update, we briefly review the status of our knowledge concerning PA biosynthesis and assembly, with particular emphasis on the still controversial mechanisms for transport and polymerization of the PA monomers.
Topical Psoriasis Therapy in the Age of Biologics: Evidence-Based Treatment Recommendations

Background: Although the range of therapeutic options has expanded dramatically in recent years, topical agents remain ubiquitous and indispensable tools for treating psoriasis at all levels of severity. The 2009 Canadian psoriasis guidelines considered evidence supporting various monotherapies and combination regimens. Objective: Here we review all approved topical agents, including corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, vitamin D analogues, and retinoids, used in psoriasis and develop additional treatment recommendations, using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) system to evaluate strength of evidence, as in the original guidelines. Conclusion: We propose that topical treatments have a place in the long-term management of patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis, including those receiving concomitant photo- or systemic therapy. Topical agents are effective and appropriate treatments for psoriasis as long as the physician is attentive to signs of local adverse events and seeks opportunities to reduce the dose or treatment frequency during chronic use.
Change in expression of GBP28/adiponectin in carbon tetrachloride-administrated mouse liver.

GBP28 (gelatin-binding protein of 28 kDa)/adiponectin is an adipocyte-producing plasma protein proposed to interact with the extracellular matrix. To examine the production of GBP28 in non-adipose tissues, we herein analyzed its expression and localization in mouse livers before and after CCl(4) treatment. In immunohistochemical analyses, the boundary of hepatocytes provided positive signals for GBP28 after 3-6 h and their cytoplasm was intensely stained after 18 h of CCl(4) treatment. Quantitative RT-PCR and in situ hybridization revealed that GBP28 mRNA expression was markedly elevated in CCl(4)-treated mouse livers. These results suggest that the circulating GBP28 binds the extracellular matrices of hepatocytes during the initial stage of CCl(4)-induced hepatic injury and the damaged hepatocytes themselves started to produce GBP28 thereafter. The induced expression of GBP28 was also observed in human hepatoma HepG2 cells after treatment with IL-6. Thus, GBP28 is also produced by the liver, where it undergoes tissue damage-induced transcriptional regulation.
New Technologies to Integrate Haptics on Web: Expanding the Museu3I

The emergence of low cost haptic devices and the evolution of technologies for developing virtual reality environments for web have motivated the development of tools that allow the use of haptic systems together with applications and web browsers. The availability of web haptic systems results on the possibility of multisensory experiences for internet users. This paper analyzes technologies for integrating haptic and web systems, exposing the features of each tool in order to find the best strategy to incorporate virtual touch in Museu3l by using the haptic technology, so that it becomes one of the first virtual museums that makes haptic interaction with a work of art in a web visit possible.
The structure and dynamics of networks

Networks have become a general concept to model the structure of arbitrary relationships among entities. The framework of a network introduces a fundamentally new approach apart from ‘classical’ structures found in physics to model the topology of a system. In the context of networks fundamentally new topological effects can emerge and lead to a class of topologies which are termed ‘complex networks’. The concept of a network successfully models the static topology of an empirical system, an arbitrary model, and a physical system. Generally networks serve as a host for some dynamics running on it in order to fulfill a function. The question of the reciprocal relationship among a dynamical process on a network and its topology is the context of this Thesis. This context is studied in both directions. The network topology constrains or enhances the dynamics running on it, while the reciprocal interaction is of the same importance. Networks are commonly the result of an evolutionary process, e.g. protein interaction networks from biology. Within such an evolution the dynamics shapes the underlying network topology with respect to an optimal achievement of the function to perform. Answering the question what the influence on a dynamics of a particular topological property has requires the accurate control over the topological properties in question. In this Thesis the degree distribution, twopoint correlations, and clustering are the studied topological properties. These are motivated by the ubiquitous presence and importance within almost all empirical networks. An analytical framework to measure and to control such quantities of networks along with numerical algorithms to generate them is developed in a first step. Networks with the examined topological properties are then used to reveal their impact on two rather general dynamics on networks. Finally, an evolution of networks is studied to shed light on the influence the dynamics has on the network topology.
Metabolite concentration ratios in thalami of patients with migraine and trigeminal neuralgia measured with 1H-MRS

Abstract Objective: To investigate the metabolite concentration ratios including N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline-containing compounds (Cho) and creatine plus phosphocreatine (Cr) in thalami of patients with migraine without aura, patients with trigeminal neuralgia and healthy comparison subjects using multi-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Methods: 1H-MRS was performed with a 3.0 T MR system on the thalamus bilaterally in 20 patients with migraine without aura, 16 patients with trigeminal neuralgia and 14 healthy control subjects. Results: In the patients with trigeminal neuralgia, metabolite concentration ratios except for Cho/Cr in thalami were different from those of healthy subjects (p>0.05). In migraine group, only NAA/Cho is low in the left thalamus (p>0.05). Comparing the metabolite concentration ratios of affected and contralateral sides in migraine and trigeminal neuralgia groups, only NAA/Cr showed a significant difference (p>0.05). Conclusion: It was proved that migraine and trigeminal neuralgia seemed to be associated with an abnormal balance of the neural activity in the thalamus using 1H-MRS. There was some significant difference between metabolite concentration ratios in two diseases. 1H-MRS may serve as a useful non-invasive tool for evaluating thalamic neural activity and therapy effect in clinical performance of patients with migraine without aura.
Utility of EQ-5D to Assess Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery

Purpose To assess the construct validity and responsiveness of the EuroQoL-5D (EQ-5D) instrument in Asian patients undergoing cataract surgery in Singapore. Methods In this prospective study, English- or Chinese-speaking patients (n = 216) completed the EQ-5D and the VF-14 questionnaires before and 3 months after they underwent cataract surgery. The impact of cataracts on patients was assessed using two standard gamble (SG) questions before surgery. Construct validity of the EQ-5D index and the visual analog scale (VAS) was assessed by examining their correlation with the VF-14 and SG scores. Responsiveness of the EQ-5D was compared with that of the VF-14 in terms of the magnitude of score change associated with cataract surgery. Results We found that the EQ-5D index correlated with VF-14, SG (death), and SG (blindness) (Pearson r = 0.30, 0.23 and 0.24, respectively; p < 0.01). In contrast, we found no correlation between the EQ-VAS, VF-14, and SG scores. The mean EQ-5D index (difference, 0.06; effect size, 0.35) and VF-14 score (difference, 1.75; effect size, 0.97) of patients improved after cataract surgery (p < 0.0001). Conclusions Our study demonstrated that the EQ-5D utility index is a valid and responsive outcome measure for evaluating the impact of cataract surgery in our Asian population. However, the implications of using the generic EQ-5D instrument to assess the cost-effectiveness of surgical interventions for visual impairment require further investigation.
An argumentation framework with backing and undercutting

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Primary-side controller IC design for quasi-resonant flyback LED driver

A primary-side quasi-resonant (QR) controller IC for single-stage flyback LED driver with high power factor (PF) and low total current harmonic distortion (THDi) is proposed in this paper. Conventionally, the flyback PFC converter with critical conduction mode QR control will suffer from higher switching loss and occur higher THDi at high line condition. To solve this problem, a frequency limit QR control is proposed and analyzed. By using the proposed control, the main switch of flyback converter is turned on with valley voltage switching and the maximum frequency is limited. So that the system efficiency is increased and the input current will follow the input voltage waveform better than that with the conventional control. Finally, this controller is fabricated with TSMC 0.25 μm CMOS high voltage mixed signal general purpose process and applied to an input voltage of 90~264 Vrms, output voltage of nominal 40 V, and constant output current of 600 mA/24W hardware prototype to verified the feasibility of the proposed control. The experimental result shows that the measured THDi is reduced from 10.5% to 3.3% at low line and 24% to 6.2% at high line compare to the critical conduction mode (CRM) QR flyback power factor correction (PFC) converter. The highest overall power efficiency is 91.4 %.
P2P logging and timestamping for XWiki

Collaborative applications are getting an increasing interest as a result of the rapid progress in distributed technologies such as grid computing. P2P applications, and mobile computing. Constructing these applications on top of P2P networks has many advantages which stem from P2P properties: decentralization, self-organization, scalability and fault-tolerance In this paper, we address data replication and reconciliation in XWiki peer-to-peer (P2P) collaborative application. We propose a new mechanism of optimistic replication, which consists of an algorithm for data reconciliation based on operational transformation approach (OT) and an extension of KTS service that performs distributed timestamp generation running over a distributed hash table (DHT). While updating at collaborating XWiki peers, updates are timestamped and stored in a highly available P2P log. During reconciliation, these updates are retrieved in total order to enforce eventual consistencies. The work presented here is partially supported by the National Agency of Research within RNTL XWiki Concerto project (2007--2009).
Differential regulation by the homologous response regulators NarL and NarP of Escherichia coli K‐12 depends on DNA binding site arrangement

The NarL and NarP proteins are homologous response regulators of Escherichia coli that control the expression of several operons in response to nitrate and nitrite. A consensus heptameric NarL DNA‐binding sequence has been identified, and previous observations suggest that the NarP protein has a similar sequence specificity. However, some operons are regulated by NarL alone, whereas others are controlled by both NarL and NarP. In this study, DNase I footprinting experiments with the fdnG, nirB and nrfA control regions revealed that NarP only binds to heptamer sequences organized as an inverted repeat with a 2 bp spacing (7–2–7 sites). The NarL protein also binds to these 7–2–7 sites but, unlike NarP, also recognizes heptamers in other arrangements. These results provide an explanation for the regulation of some operons by NarL alone and for the different effects of NarL and NarP at common target operons, such as fdnG and nrfA. To investigate this differential DNA binding further, derivatives of the nrfA control region were constructed in which the spacing of the 7–2–7 heptamers was increased (7–n–7 constructs). Increasing the spacing to four or more basepairs abolished NarP binding and significantly reduced NarL binding. The NarL protein also had a reduced binding affinity for heptamers adjacent to the 7–n–7 heptamer pair, suggesting a decrease in cooperative interactions. In conclusion, we propose that 7–2–7 sites are preferred by both NarL and NarP. NarL can also recognize other binding site arrangements, an ability that appears to be lacking in NarP.
The role of urinary cytology when diagnostic workup is suspicious for upper tract urothelial carcinoma but tumour biopsy is nonconfirmatory.

INTRODUCTION We sought to determine the value of obtaining preoperative urinary cytology when diagnostic workup of an upper tract mass is suspicious for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), but biopsy fails to confirm the diagnosis. METHODS Using billing code data, 239 patients were identified as having undergone radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) by 16 urologists from September 29, 1998 to July 31, 2015. Of this group, 19 adult patients had a presumed preoperative diagnosis of UTUC in a native kidney, at least three months of followup, no history of concurrent radical cystectomy with RNU, and negative/non-diagnostic tissue biopsy. These patients were divided into three groups: Group A had no urinary cytology taken (n=6); Group B had upper and/or lower tract cytology performed with neither positive nor atypical (n=7); Group C had upper and/or lower tract cytology performed with at least one positive or atypical (n=6). RESULTS Demographic information and diagnostic workup was similar between the groups, although Group A had more patients with a history of prior radical cystectomy for bladder cancer (p=0.02). One patient in Group B had benign tissue on final pathology. All patients in Groups A and C had malignancy on final pathology and overall, the three groups had similar rates of malignancy. CONCLUSIONS When a composite of clinical findings suggest UTUC, performing urinary cytology may not be necessary. A negative result in this setting should not be used to rule out UTUC, as this is often discordant with final pathology. A positive cytology result may help solidify the diagnosis when other findings are less clear.
Anatomic and Ultrasonographic Evaluation of the Knee Sensory Innervation: A Cadaveric Study to Determine Anatomic Targets in the Treatment of Chronic Knee Pain

Background and Objectives Osteoarthrosis is a main cause of knee pain in the elderly. Pain associated with this condition is often refractory to conservative treatment. Total knee replacement may be the best option for severe pathologies; however, the occurrence of a chronic pain state after knee replacement has been well documented in the literature. The previous descriptions of the genicular nerves have been considered somewhat inaccurate. This innervation is complex and exhibits significant interindividual variability. A precise description of these nerves will increase our knowledge on different patterns and targets, to guide treatment and improve outcomes. The objective of this study was to determine sensory innervation patterns of the knee joint and correlate them with dynamic visualization via ultrasound imaging. Methods Systematic cadaveric dissections were performed to determine different patterns of sensory innervation of the knee followed by ultrasonographic correlation. A short-axis ultrasound view of the nerves was used to inject India ink at several points along their course to facilitate the anatomic dissection and confirm their location among adjacent structures. Results The visualized structures were the following: infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve, the branches to vastus medialis, intermedius, and lateralis muscles; obturator nerve; and lateral retinacular and recurrent peroneal nerves. Conclusions We conclude that reproducible correlations showing the sensory innervations for the knee are linked to muscular structures. However, high variability among individuals makes it difficult to predict their paths. Our systematic approach, using direct visualization via ultrasound, allows a more accurate placement of the needle for therapeutic purposes.
Tax competition and information sharing in Europe: a signalling game

This paper provides a challenging view to the tax harmonisation issue. The literature often proposes tax harmonisation to avoid free-riding behaviours in free-trade areas and more particularly in monetary unions. Without tax harmonisation, tax autonomy may lead to a "race to the bottom". The model proposed here shows that tax competition may lead to stability. If a country gives the signal that 'friendly' or coordinated taxation behaviour is not its priority, the result can be a 'race to the bottom'. Conversely, if both countries signal their ability to conduct such a war, this war will not occur, and the stability of the system will be ensured.
A prospective randomized study on the benefits of a new small-caliber colonoscope

Background and study aims: We compared the performance efficiency of a newly developed small-caliber colonoscope (PCF-PQ260 L) with passive bending, high force transmission, and an outer diameter of 9.2 mm with that of a standard colonoscope, in female and male patients, particularly with regard to passage through acute angulations or into the proximal colon. Patients and methods: A total of 330 patients were randomly allocated to undergo small-caliber (n = 164) or standard (n = 166) colonoscopy. The patients were assessed for pain using a visual analogue scale (0 = none, 100 = extremely painful), and for cecal intubation, withdrawal time, difficulty of colonoscopy, dosage and level of sedation used, and any complications. Results: Median maximum pain and overall pain during colonoscopy were significantly lower in the small-caliber group than in the standard group in women (25 vs. 45, P < 0.001 and 15 vs. 26, P = 0.001, respectively), whereas no significant differences were seen in men (8 vs. 10, P = 0.103 and 16 vs. 20, P = 0.166, respectively). Furthermore, no significant differences were seen between groups in cecal intubation rate or time to cecum in all patients or by sex. Conclusions: Use of the small-caliber colonoscope reduced pain in female patients, but offered no advantage over standard colonoscopy in male patients. The performance of the small-caliber colonoscope was equivalent to that of the standard colonoscope in terms of cecal intubation rate and time to cecum, regardless of the sex of the patient.
The Study of Retinal Ganglion Cell Apoptosis Induced by Different Intensities of Microwave Irradiation

Purpose: To observe the influence on the retinal ganglion cells induced by 2,450-MHz microwave. The radiant intensities were 10, 30 and 60 mW · cm–2. Methods: Retinal ganglion cells were cultured in vitro and divided into 4 groups, of which 3 were exposed to different intensities of microwaves and 1 was the control group. The morphological variation of cells was observed by invert microscope. The survival rate was assessed by trypan blue. Annexin V-PI 2-color flow cytometry was used to detect the percentage of earlier apoptosis cells after radiation. Results: The changes in the morphology of all cells were observed after radiation. The cell survival rates were reduced and the earlier apoptosis increased with growing microwave intensity. Conclusions: The 2,450-MHz microwave will cause damage to retinal ganglion cells in a dose-dependent manner.
Altered expression and coregulation of dopamine signalling genes in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

L. Zhan, J. R. Kerr, M. ‐J. Lafuente, A. Maclean, M. V. Chibalina, B. Liu, B. Burke, S. Bevan and J. Nasir (2011) Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology37, 206–219 Altered expression and coregulation of dopamine signalling genes in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder