Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of framing and financial stress on saving intentions

The purpose of this dissertation was to investigate the role framing information and financial stress (both distress and eustress) play in shaping saving intentions. This study explored the combined effects of framing and financial stress on changes in saving intentions by applying elements of prospect theory and the theory of stress. Based on the previous literature, three general hypotheses and eight specific hypotheses were developed to guide this study. The hypotheses were tested using survey data collected from 206 undergraduate students enrolled at the University of Georgia during the Fall 2017 semester. Each participant was randomly assigned to one of six experimental conditions. Each participant received an incentive, as approved by the University IRB Office, for participating in the study. A key finding was that framing and financial stress separately influenced the saving intentions of participants. Financial stress was negatively associated with differences in saving intentions when actual money received (i.e., incentive for participation in the study) and a hypothetical $50 amount were examined. Stressors were designed to elicit distress and eustress, using a control group that had no stress treatment. A noteworthy insight from the study was that regardless of the intended stressor (i.e., prompting eustress or distress), no differences in intentions were noted among study participants. That is, it was generalized stress, not eustress or distress, that was associated with saving intentions. More widespread findings were noted in relation to framing. Framing the advantages or disadvantages associated with saving had an influence on participants’ saving intentions based on hypothetical $80, $100, $300, and $500 amounts. Specifically, positive framing increased saving intentions post-treatment, while negative framing decreased saving intentions after treatments. No interaction between framing and financial stress was observed in this study. However, an important relationship between framing and financial stress was noted: framing appears to override the influence of financial stress. INDEX WORDS: Framing, Financial stress, Eustress, Distress, Saving intentions, Money amounts THE EFFECTS OF FRAMING AND FINANCIAL STRESS ON SAVING INTENTIONS
Obesity and the occurrence of bronchitis in adolescents

Previous studies have shown that an elevated BMI was associated with higher risks of bronchitis among children. The magnitude of how increase in BMI influencing the risk of incident bronchitis remained unexplored. The objective of this study is to assess the association between BMI and the incidence of bronchitis in the Taiwan Children Health Study.
Advances in hematology. Etiology and diagnosis of acquired von Willebrand syndrome.

1Servizio di Immunoematologia e Medicina Trasfusionale, Dipartimento di Patologia e Medicina di Laboratorio, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy; 2Unità Operativa di Diagnostica Ematochimica, Dipartimento di Patologia e Medicina di Laboratorio, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy; 3Department of Haematology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia
Effect of inhomogeneities on the luminosity distance-redshift relation: Is dark energy necessary in a perturbed universe?

The luminosity distance-redshift relation is one of the fundamental tools of modern cosmology. We compute the luminosity distance-redshift relation in a perturbed flat matter-dominated Universe, taking into account the presence of cosmological inhomogeneities up to second order in perturbation theory. Cosmological observations implementing the luminosity distance-redshift relation tell us that the Universe is presently undergoing a phase of accelerated expansion. This seems to call for a mysterious Dark Energy component with negative pressure. Our findings suggest that the need of a Dark Energy fluid may be challenged once a realistic inhomogeneous Universe is considered and that an accelerated expansion may be consistent with a matter-dominated Universe.
More cross‐talk between purinergic receptors

How does a simple molecule found in every cell exert a variety of specific actions throughout the body? The answer of course is that its actions are mediated via different receptors on different cells. A striking example is provided by ATP, which provides the energy source for all cells but also acts as an extracellular signalling molecule. It is a neurotransmitter in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and a regulator of afferent signalling, blood flow, inflammatory responses, cell proliferation and cell death (Surprenant & North, 2009). It acts upon a large number of different receptors, which can be classified into the metabotropic P2Y and ionotropic P2X receptors. The P2X receptors are multimeric proteins which can coassemble to make homotrimeric and heterotrimeric complexes with different functions. Given that the different P2X subtypes are frequently coexpressed in the same cell, the potential for mixing and matching of subunits is a physiologically important mechanism for increasing the diversity of responses mediated via this class of receptors.
Hypoglycemia preceding fatal car collisions.

Hypoglycemia significantly impairs driving performance (1, 2), and driving collisions involving diabetic individuals are frequently attributed to hypoglycemia (3). Further, driving mishaps are often preceded by frequent mild symptomatic hypoglycemia while driving (4). It is reasonable to expect that before a hypoglycemia-related driving mishap, drivers with type 1 diabetes may experience frequent episodes of hypoglycemia. We recently conducted a study in which 100 adults and 100 children with type 1 diabetes were given memory meters and strips (OneTouch Ultra; LifeScan, Milpitas, CA) and asked to record all blood glucose readings for 6 consecutive months. Tragically, during this study, two subjects died in vehicular collisions. Subject A was a 47-year-old male with …
An Analysis of Business Challenges Faced by Foreign Multinationals Operating the Chinese Market

China’s rapid economic growth has presented numerous opportunities and challenges for foreign firms there. Many large corporations have established a China centre to coordinate and control their operations in the country. As firms have increased their presence in China, their concerns are increasingly focused on implementing successful management practices and strategies. This article describes the challenges and difficulties that multinational companies faced in Chinese market. It analyses roles played by the human resource function in these China, culture differences, social environment and other factors.
Putting the vasoactive effects of COX-2-derived prostanoids into clinical perspective.

Ever since the recognition that the selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, rofecoxib, increases the risk for adverse cardiovascular events, enormous attention has been given to the mechanisms underlying these adverse vascular effects of the coxibs.1,2 Many recent studies that have investigated the biological consequences of COX-2 inhibition in the vasculature have focussed either on the prothrombotic side effects of decreased endothelial prostacyclin production during selective COX-2 blockade3,4 or on detrimental effects of such an intervention on atherosclerosis.5,6 Although such studies have greatly broadened our understanding of the pathophysiological roles of COX-2-mediated prostanoid production in vascular biology, the important vasodilatory functions of COX-2-derived prostanoids have been somewhat eclipsed by them. Foudi et al. presents data that address the topic of detrimental vascular effects of COX-2 inhibition from this different, yet important, point of view.7 They show in isolated human internal mammary arteries (IMA) that under conditions of acute septic inflammation, which is induced by simultaneous administration of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), COX-2 is upregulated and produces prostacyclin and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) rather than thromboxane A2 (TxA2). COX-2 expression is shown to be enhanced not only in the intima, but also in the smooth muscle cell-containing media of the vasculature. When vasoconstriction is induced by norepinephrine in the IMA preparations, COX-2 inhibition leads … Corresponding author. Tel: +49 89 5160 2111; fax: +49 89 5160 2410. E-mail address : florian.kroetz{at}med.uni-muenchen.de
Optical Fault Attacks on AES: A Threat in Violet

Microprocessors are the heart of the devices we rely on every day. However, their non-volatile memory, which often contains sensitive information, can be manipulated by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. This paper gives practical results demonstrating that the non-volatile memory can be erased with UV light by investigating the effects of UV-Clight with a wavelength of 254nm on four different depackaged microcontrollers. We demonstrate that an adversary can use this effect to attack an AES software implementation by manipulating the 256-bit S-box table. We show that if only a single byte of the table is changed, 2 500 pairs of correct and faulty encrypted inputs are sufficient to recover the key with a probability of 90%, in case the key schedule is not modified by the attack. Furthermore, we emphasize this by presenting a practical attack on an AES implementation running on an 8-bit microcontroller. Our attack involves only a standard decapsulation procedure and the use of alow-cost UV lamp.
Loss of Gas6 and Axl signaling results in extensive axonal damage, motor deficits, prolonged neuroinflammation, and less remyelination following cuprizone exposure

The TAM (Tyro3, Axl, and MerTK) family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and their ligands, Gas6 and ProS1, are important for innate immune responses and central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis. While only Gas6 directly activates Axl, ProS1 activation of Tyro3/MerTK can indirectly activate Axl through receptor heterodimerization. Therefore, we generated Gas6–/–Axl–/– double knockout (DKO) mice to specifically examine the contribution of this signaling axis while retaining ProS1 signaling through Tyro3 and MerTK. We found that naïve young adult DKO and WT mice have comparable myelination and equal numbers of axons and oligodendrocytes in the corpus callosum. Using the cuprizone model of demyelination/remyelination, transmission electron microscopy revealed extensive axonal swellings containing autophagolysosomes and multivesicular bodies, and fewer myelinated axons in brains of DKO mice at 3‐weeks recovery from a 6‐week cuprizone diet. Analysis of immunofluorescent staining demonstrated more SMI32+ and APP+ axons and less myelin in the DKO mice. There were no significant differences in the number of GFAP+ astrocytes or Iba1+ microglia/macrophages between the groups of mice. However, at 6‐weeks cuprizone and recovery, DKO mice had increased proinflammatory cytokine and altered suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) mRNA expression supporting a role for Gas6‐Axl signaling in proinflammatory cytokine suppression. Significant motor deficits in DKO mice relative to WT mice on cuprizone were also observed. These data suggest that Gas6‐Axl signaling plays an important role in maintaining axonal integrity and regulating and reducing CNS inflammation that cannot be compensated for by ProS1/Tyro3/MerTK signaling.
Inconvenient findings for the "optimal" theory of motor learning

The "OPTIMAL" theory of motor learning (Wulf & Lewthwaite, 2016) was recently proposed to account for, from a motivational perspective, a select set of practice conditions that enhance learning. One of which was self-controlled practice wherein exercising choice over a practice feature produces a reliable learning advantage compared to being denied this choice (i.e., yoked practice). Within the "OPTIMAL" theory, Wulf and Lewthwaite argued that self-controlled groups are "autonomy-supportive" because exercising choice satisfies our basic psychological need for autonomy, which in turn enhances information-processing, perceptions of competency, self-efficacy, and sense of agency (pp. 1393-1394). Here, we argue that the "OPTIMAL" theory is a sub-optimal explanation for self-controlled learning advantages because it cannot explain all the data, many predictions are not clearly testable, and numerous predictions are not supported by subsequent data. For instance, there is little to no evidence supporting their claim that self-controlled groups are more "autonomy-supportive" than yoked groups (e.g., Ste-Marie et al., 2013). We therefore question the "OPTIMAL" theory as a viable explanation for self-controlled learning advantages. Instead, we argue that self-controlled learning advantages arise from more effective information-processing activities associated with performance-dependent strategies (e.g., error estimation) that ultimately reduce uncertainties regarding task performance (e.g., Carter et al., 2014; Grand et al., 2015). While we contend this perspective better accounts for existing data and that key predictions are supported, it too fails to fully capture self-controlled learning advantages. We outline current issues with both explanations and propose future avenues for this area of research.Acknowledgments: Supported by NSERC
Combination of azelaic acid 5% and erythromycin 2% in the treatment of acne vulgaris

Abstract Introduction: Acne vulgaris is a common problem, particularly among adolescents, which is usually resistant to monotherapy. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of a combination of azelaic acid (AA) 5% and erythromycin 2% gel (AzE) compared with AA 20% or erythromycin 2% gels in facial acne vulgaris.Methods: We conducted a 12-week, multicenter, randomized double-blind study on 147 patients with mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris. Four treatment group were determined (placebo, erythromycin, AA and AzE) and followed in 4-week intervals for 12 weeks, except the placebo group which was changed to routine treatment after 4 weeks.Results: The combination of AA 5% and erythromycin 2% gel significantly reduced the number of papules, pustules and comedones compared with placebo (p < 0.001), erythromycin 2% (p < 0.01) or AA 20% (p < 0.05). The incidence of adverse effects observed in patients treated with AzE (27%) was less than that with erythromycin 2% (54%) and AA 20% (45%). Conclusions: The combination of AA 5% and erythromycin 2% produced more potent therapeutic effects in comparison with erythromycin 2% or AA 20% alone, and with fewer side effects.
Clinical Challenges With Concentrated Insulins: Setting the Record Straight

The availability of insulins with concentrations greater than the standard 100 units/mL (U-100) concentration (adopted in the United States in 1973) provides additional options for managing diabetes, but these agents may be a source of confusion for many clinicians. Our awareness of such confusion has come about after a number of inquiries from health care providers (HCPs) to Lilly Diabetes, U.S. Medical Affairs, and inaccuracies in recent articles and published guidance. The purpose of this editorial is to bring attention to some of the more common and crucial issues and provide relevant background and clinical evidence to address and clarify misunderstandings and instruct HCPs on the safe and appropriate use of these agents. Four concentrated insulins are available in the United States. Three are analog insulins, which have been approved in the past 2–3 years: insulin glargine 300 units/mL (IGlar300) (1), insulin degludec 200 units/mL (IDeg200) (2), and insulin lispro 200 units/mL (ILis200) (3). The fourth, human regular insulin 500 units/mL (U-500R) (4), has been commercially available since 1997. These agents have diverse pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) profiles and were developed to address different challenges of insulin therapy (5). Designing a basal insulin with stable, prolonged action was the rationale for IGlar300 (6). Insulin degludec was also developed as a longer-acting basal agent; the concentrated formulation (IDeg200) may benefit patients with higher insulin requirements (7). The more stable and protracted time-action profile for IGlar300 and insulin degludec (both 100 and 200 units/mL) supports once-daily dosing and may result in reduced hypoglycemia compared to insulin glargine 100 units/mL (IGlar100) (6–18). Rapid-acting prandial ILis200 is delivered in half the volume of the corresponding U-100 formulation, allowing a twofold increase in device capacity (19) and resulting in a longer-lasting pen. U-500R is a prandial/basal agent intended specifically for patients with severe insulin resistance …
Anaemia in pregnancy in developing countries

Anemia in pregnancy continues to be a major public health problem in the world. Based on 1988 data the WHO estimated that up to 56% of all women living in developing countries are anemic (hemoglobin <11 g/dl) compared with 18% in industrialized countries. Among the many causes of anemia in pregnancy nutritional iron deficiency is considered the main cause in the developing world. Other common causes of anemia in pregnancy include malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum and hookworm infection. In view of this guidelines recommend that all pregnant women in the developing countries should receive routine daily supplementation of iron (60 mg) and folic acid (400 mcg) and should be considered for preventative measures against malaria and hookworm. Universal prophylaxis with iron and folic acid is recommended for pregnant women for at least 6 months. In addition food fortification programs may be important in improving not only the nutritional status of the population but also in particular vulnerable groups such as women of reproductive age and children below the age of 5 years. In conclusion it is recommended that public health policies addressing the issue should introduce and sustain a program in pregnancy of supplementation with iron and folic acid and prophylaxis against parasitic disease; improve obstetric care; and adopt fortification of food.
Impact of Heterogeneous Deployment on Source Initiated Reactive Approach

Selection of an optimal number of high energy level nodes and the most appropriate heterogeneity level is a prerequisite in the heterogeneous deployment of wireless sensor network, and it serves several purposes like enhanced network lifetime, finest energy consumption, and optimal sensing coverage. The paper presents the mathematical modeling of cost, energy and sensing range analysis of 2-level, 3-level, and n-level heterogeneous wireless sensor network. An experimental investigation has been carried out to investigate the effect of heterogeneity on a proposed Energy Efficient Source Initiated Reactive Algorithm. Studies on these aspects have been done to find the limitations of the algorithm for homogeneous networks and to find how it enriches sensing range and network lifetime. Based on the simulated experimental and numerical results, a mathematical model is presented to calculate the optimal number of high-level nodes which can simultaneously enhance network lifetime and achieve optimal sensing coverage. The results are compared with the homogeneous network to prove the effectiveness of the stated approach and proposed a model.
Comparative performance analysis on dynamic mobility anchoring and proxy mobile IPv6

Recently, various efforts from both industry and academia are performed on specifying distributed mobility management. One of the early and promising proposals is dynamic mobility anchoring (DMA). This paper carries out a performance analysis on DMA in terms of mobility costs, comparing it with proxy mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6). We consider signaling, processing, data packet delivery, and tunneling costs. The impacts of several parameters such as sessions arrival mean rate, cell's radius, and network scale on the mobility costs are investigated. The results show that DMA outperforms PMIPv6 significantly.
Cylinders with Square Cross Section: Paths to Turbulence with Various Angles of Incidence

The path to turbulence in the wake of cylinders with square crosssection is investigated by means of direct numerical simulation, employing a two-dimensional spectral element method and Floquet linear stability analysis. The critical Reynolds number for the onset of the three-dimensional instability modes A, B, C and QP are reported for cylinder incidence angles between 0° and 45°. The Strouhal—Reynolds number relationship, and lift and drag coefficients are also investigated for these incidence angles. Reynolds numbers (based on the side length of the square) up to Re=300 are considered, and a significant variation in bifurcation scenarios are observed for the various incidence angles. At Reynolds numbers greater than Re ≈ 225 for an incidence angle of 45°, a previously unreported asymmetry is detected in the von Karman vortex street. The cause of this asymmetry is investigated as it presents a possible alternative path to turbulence to that reported in the wakes of other bluff bodies.
How the roots contribute to the ability of Phaseolus vulgaris L. to cope with chilling-induced water stress.

Intact plants and stem-girdled plants of Phaseolus vulgaris grown hydroponically were exposed to 5 degrees C for up to 4 d; stem girdling was used to inhibit the phloem transport from the leaves to the roots. After initial water stress, stomatal closure and an amelioration of root water transport properties allowed the plants to rehydrate and regain turgor. Chilling augmented the concentration of abscisic acid (ABA) content in leaves, roots and xylem sap. In intact plants stomatal closure and leaf ABA accumulation were preceded by a slight alkalinization of xylem sap, but they occurred earlier than any increase in xylem ABA concentration could be detected. Stem girdling did not affect the influence of chilling on plant water relations and leaf ABA content, but it reduced slightly the alkalinization of xylem sap and, principally, prevented the massive ABA accumulation in root tissues and the associated transport in the xylem that was observed in non-girdled plants. When the plants were defoliated just prior to chilling or after 10 h at 5 degrees C, root and xylem sap ABA concentration remained unchanged throughout the whole stress period. When the plants were chilled under conditions preventing the occurrence of leaf water deficit (i.e. at 100% relative humidity), there were no significant variations in endogenous ABA levels. The increase in root hydraulic conductance in chilled plants was a response neither to root ABA accretion, nor to some leaf-borne chemical signal transported downwards in the phloem, nor to low temperature per se, as indicated by the results of the experiments with defoliated or girdled plants and with plants chilled at 100% relative humidity. It was concluded that the root system contributed substantially to the bean's ability to cope with chilling-induced water stress, but not in an ABA-dependent manner.