Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of Asarum caulescene

Both essential oils of fresh and air-dried Asarum caulescene (Maxim.) were analyzed by GCMS in three different polarities. The re- sults show that thirty-four components were identified in the oils, and main compounds of both oils were j? -pinene (7. 63~ vs. 20. 72~), 2 carene (8.94o/oo vs. 7.99~), j? -phellandrene (7. 800/oo vs. 14.39~), 1,8-cineole (8. 91~ vs. 13. 29~) and germacrone (46. 640//00 vs. 6.64~), however, the content of monoterpene hydrocarbons (30. 29 ~ vs. 52.30~) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes(47. 690//00 vs. 10.65~) of both oils was different. The antimicrobial activity of the oil was evaluated against 3 fungi and 11 bacteria including 7 clinical isolated strains. Our results showed that both oils presented a broad antimicrobial spectrum, and compared with the essential oil from fresh herb, the extracted oil from dried herb had better antimicrobial activity, its minimum inhibitory concentration(c~,i) values of dried herb were 0. 16-2.5 g/L and lowest minimum bactericidal coneentration(c,,b) value was 0.31 g/L.
Skin Sensitivity to Aeroallergens in Allergic Rhinitis

Background: Allergic rhinitis is a common IgE-mediated inflammatory condition of the nasal mucosa. Skin prick test (SPT) remains the most useful test for detecting specific allergic triggers associated with allergic rhinitis. Objective: Our objective was to study the sensitivity to common aeroallergens in allergic rhinitis patients using SPT. Materials and methods: We conducted SPT to 65 common aeroallergens on 100 patients more than 12 years of age with symptoms suggestive of allergic rhinitis. Results: Sixty-one patients (61%) tested positive for at least one aeroallergen, of which, 54 patients (88.52%) showed polysensitization while seven patients (11.48%) showed monosensitization. The most common aeroallergen group implicated in SPT positivity was insects (48%); housefly (34%) being the most commonly implicated insect. Conclusion: This study highlights a high prevalence of sensitivity to aeroallergens in the Indian scenario. It stresses upon the fact that environmental control measures might still prove to be the mainstay of treatment in our scenario, owing to housefly being the most commonly implicated aeroallergen.
Removal of Heavy Metals in Drinking Water by Iron-based Sorption Materials

Adsorption on a suitable adsorption material is the most frequently used methods in water treatment. In terms of plant operation, filtration (sorption) process represents a simple, effective and economical friendly method of heavy metals removal namely for the possibility of using a large scale of substances with a sorption ability - sorbents. Oxides, oxyhydroxides and hydroxide containing iron are among the most frequently used sorbents of the heavy metal removal. The quality of the treated water (pH, silica, phosphorus, fluorides, sulphates, total mineralization, iron and manganese, organic matter, etc.), redox conditions, the valency of metal and filtration conditions has the impacts on heavy metal removing efficiency. The objective of this work was to verify the sorption properties of granular iron-based sorption materials (CFH12, CFH18, Bayoxide E33, GEH) in removal of arsenic, antimony and nickel from drinking water. Under the given operational conditions (average concentration of arsenic in raw water 52,96 μg/L, average velocity 5.6 m/h, concentration As 10 μg/L at the outlet of media) adsorption capacity of filtration material CFH12 and Bayoxide E33 for arsenic was 1.203 mg/g and 1.463 mg/g, respectively. The limit of 10 μg/L of as was exceeded after 24048 BV and 28623 BV (Bed volume), respectively. According to the model tests (concentration of nickel in raw water of about 50 μg/L, filtration rate 5.8 m/h, concentration Ni 20 μg/L at the outlet of media, pH 7.0) the adsorption capacity of nickel for Bayoxide E33 was set to 198 μg/g, for CFH18 107.5 μg/g, GEH 97.5 μg/g and CFH12 38.1 μg/g. The limit of 20 μg/L of Ni was exceeded after 4808 BV for Bayoxide E33, 1409 BV for CFH12, 3007 BV for CFH18 and 3218 BV for GEH. For the average antimony concentration of 58.35 μg/L in raw water and filtration rate between 4.27-4.51 m/h, the limit concentration of 5 μg/l at the outlet of the sorption column was reached at the bed volume 3470 for GEH, 2225 for CFH 12 and 1274 for Bayoxide E33. The adsorption capacities were as follows: 167.8 μg/g for GEH, 105.7 μg/g for CFH12 and 90.9 μg/g for Bayoxide E33. The experiments proved that iron-based sorption materials GEH, CFH12, CFH18 and Bayoxide E33 can help reduce the concentration of heavy metals in water below the limit of the Slovak Republic Decree No. 247/2017 on Drinking Water.
Solid-state 13C NMR of carbon nanostructures (milled graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes, nanodiamonds, fullerenes) in 2000–2019: a mini-review

Abstract A brief overview is given of the papers published over the last two decades on the subject of solid-state 13C NMR spectra of such carbon nanostructures as milled graphite and its oxide, graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, nanodiamonds, fullerenes and their derivatives. The main focus is put on the characteristic values of experimental isotropic 13C NMR chemical shifts and their interpretation in terms of local chemical environments of carbon nuclei.
Exposure of children with autism spectrum disorders to mercury and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Purpose: Autism is described as a developmental disorder with numerous impairments in the functioning of the central nervous system. Contact with poisonous chemicals present in the environment and food is a major factor which interferes with attempts to minimize the symptoms of this disorder. Thus, the effectiveness of the use of natural mechanisms for the elimination of toxins from organisms in the case of people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) may not be sufficient. As part of the evaluation of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and mercury compounds, the determination of the presence of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) in urine samples and total mercury in the hair and urine of children with ASD and a control group originating from the Upper Silesian region was carried out. Methods: Thermal decomposition of mercury compounds, amalgamation and determination of its total concentration by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was carried out. 1-OHP was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a fluorescence detector after prior sample preparation by solid phase extraction (SPE). Results: The median mercury concentration was 0.142 μg/g for hair samples and 0.165 μg/g creatinine for urine samples in the group of children with ASD, while for the control group 0.102 μg/g of hair and 0.140 μg/g creatinine were obtained respectively. The median concentration of 1-OHP in urine for the ASD group was 173.769 ng/g creatinine, while for the control group it was 124.157 ng/g creatinine. Conclusions: No significant difference in the concentrations of both total mercury and 1-OHP between the test and control groups were observed. There was no increased exposure of children with ASD to environmental factors compared to healthy children.
ADAM12: The Usual Suspect in Preeclampsia

Burgeoning evidence is now pointing towards a potential role of the ADAM12 gene in preeclampsia. A closer scrutiny of this evidence, however, shows that many important questions remain unanswered. As a result, the genetic jigsaw of preeclampsia is a poser far from solved. Continued efforts are required to investigate this gene, especially in the context of its involvement in the transforming growth factor signaling pathway.
An Introduction to Computational Finance Without Agonizing Pain

2 The Black-Scholes Equation 4 2.1 Background . 4 2.2 Definitions . 5 2.3 A Simple Example: The Two State Tree . 5 2.4 A hedging strategy . 6 2.5 Brownian Motion . 6 2.6 Geometric Brownian motion with drift . 12 2.6. 1 Ito’s Lemma . 14 2.6. 2 Some uses of Ito’s Lemma . 15 2.6. 3 Some more uses of Ito’s Lemma . 15 2.6. 4 Integration by Parts . 17 2.7 The Black-Scholes Analysis . 17 2.8 Hedging in Continuous Time . 18 2.9 The option price . 19 2.10 American early exercise . 19
Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors on Different Phases of Diabetic Nephropathy in Comparison to Type 1 Diabetes Recipients who had Undergone Simultaneous Pancreas Kidney Transplant

The aims of this study were to evaluate the relationship between different phases of diabetic nephropathy and the beneficial effect of successful simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant (SPKT) on the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF). We analyzed 210 type 1 diabetic patients (age>18 years and diabetes duration ≥ 10 years). Patients were divided into five groups: normo, micro, macroalbuminuric, end stage renal disease (ESRD), and SPKT. The following CVRF, besides diabetes, were analyzed: blood pressure, waist circumference, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides. The prevalence of ≥ 2 CVRF increased from normoalbuminuric to end stage renal disease group: 20.7%, 43.4%, 53.6%, 71.4% (p<0.001), respectively. In the SPKT group, this prevalence was 18.5%. Two or more CVRF were positively associated with female gender (OR=2.5; p=0.008) and with diabetes duration over 15 years (OR=2.6; p=0.023). The SPKT was a protective factor (OR=0.3; p=0.047), and ESRD was a risk factor (OR=5.2, p=0.014) for the presence of CVRF. In conclusion, the severity of diabetic nephropathy was associated with a higher prevalence of two or more CVRF in type 1 diabetes mellitus. After SPKT, that prevalence was similar to normoalbuminuric patients.
Metathesis reactions with a low-cost spinning disk system

ABSTRACT Experimental procedures have been developed to provide at the laboratory scale an efficient and relatively inexpensive continuous flow processing system to undertake metathesis chemistry. Glass discs, coated with porous silica particles impregnated with Grubbs (I) generation or Hoveyda–Grubbs (II) generation catalysts through non-covalent interactions, have been successfully used as annular zones for in situ metathesis reactions. The supported catalysts were active for ring closing metathesis and self-metathesis reactions with a variety of substrates with nearly quantitative conversion depending on the substrate structure. Advantages of these procedures include the ability to conduct reactions efficiently at small (low mmole) scale under ambient laboratory conditions, thereby avoiding the need for high energy/thermal procedures. Multiple experiments can be undertaken during the same day if catalyst screening is required. Moreover, separation of starting materials from products can be achieved using the same unit operations, avoiding the need for additional purification steps, thereby reducing the total solvent consumption. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Design, synthesis and evaluation of Coumarin-Phenylthiazole conjugates as cholinesterase inhibitors

In this paper we report the design, synthesis, in-silico and in-vitro evaluations of a series of coumarin-phenylthiazole conjugates to inhibit cholinesterase enzymes. The coumarin and phenylthiazole derivatives were synthesized separately and further combined through covalent amine bond linkage. The compounds showed more inhibition towards BuChE than AChE. The compound, 4-(3-bromophenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine exhibited the strongest inhibition against BuChE with an IC 50 value of 3.54 μM. For the conjugates, better inhibition activities towards BuChE are shown by 3-nitro, 3-bromo and 2-fluoro derivatives. It was also observed that the substitution at 3-position, on phenylthiazole produced better results against BuChE than 4-substituted counterparts.
Protective Effects of Acridocarpus smeathmannii (DC.) Guill. & Perr. Root Extract against Phenylhydrazine-Induced Haematotoxicity, Biochemical Changes, and Oxidative Stress in Rats

Several strategies for discovering drugs from unexplored natural products continue to strengthen research and development with current commercial evidence supporting their applications. We assessed the effects of the hydroethanolic extract of Acridocarpus smeathmannii root (HEASR) against phenylhydrazine (PHZ)-induced haematotoxicity, biochemical changes, and oxidative stress in male Wistar rats. Groups 1 and 2 controls received normal saline (10 mL/kg/day) and PHZ (60 mg/kg, day 4 and 5), respectively, via oral gavage. Groups 3, 4, and 5 were administered dexamethasone (DXM, 0.014 mg/kg/day, p.o.), HEASR1 (50 mg/kg/day, p.o.) and HEASR2 (200 mg/kg/day, p.o.), respectively. Groups 6, 7, and 8 received HEASR2 (200 mg/kg/day), DXM (0.014 mg/kg/day), or their combination, respectively, and further received PHZ (60 mg/kg/day) intervention on day 4 and 5 only. Treatments lasted for 7 days. Phenylhydrazine toxicity manifested as lowered haemoglobin, white blood cells, lymphocytes, red blood cells, and platelet levels by 45.86%, 53.47%, 75.69%, 46.89%, and 30.29%, respectively, in rats. This was accompanied by an increase in serum alanine (ALT; 108.25%) and aspartate (AST; 78.79%) aminotransferases, urea (84.36%), total cholesterol (81.55%), and triglycerides (123.42%) levels. Similarly, malondialdehyde levels and serum cyclooxygenase-2 activity were elevated (P < 0.05) in the rats liver and spleen, respectively. Just HEASR alone, or in combination with DXM, preserved haematological and biochemical parameters, cyclooxygenase-2 activity, and corticosterone levels during PHZ intoxication and restored renal histopathological alterations in rats. The HEASR was found to contain high flavonoid and phenolic phytochemicals and demonstrated better in vitro antioxidants inhibitory action.
Dry fruit as source of fungal contaminants or functional compounds?

Dry fruits are consumed frequently due their nutritional value, practicality, durability, and high levels of functional compounds, especially pectin and phenolic acids (Fabani et al., 2017). The basic structure of phenolic compounds consists of an aromatic ring that has one or more hydroxyl groups, including other functional groups, that are responsible for their distinct physical, chemical, biological, and multifunctional properties. They are classified into flavonoids (anthocyanins, flavonols, and their derivatives) and not flavonoids (phenolic acids, their derivatives and stilbenes) (Lee et al., 2005). The phenolic acids present in vegetables have been shown to have a functional role due to their high antioxidant activity, that prevents oxidative damages and, in some cases, acting as an antifungal (Bolzan et al., 2015; Boyjoo et al., 2017; Pagnussatt et al., 2016).
Effect of spray drying on the fatty acids content and nutritional indices of buffalo powdered milk

saaf.science@gmail.com Abstract The buffalo’s reproductive seasonality determines the decrease in milk and cheese production generating economic losses on the production system. Among various food process, we find the spray-dryer as an essential tool which helps food conservation. We achieved the milk powder in three replicates and each repetition processed 10 L of buffalo milk. After obtaining the final product, three samples (200 g) were packaged for each evaluated storage time (0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 days at room temperature). On this context, we assessed the effects of drying buffalo’s milk by atomization (spray dryer) and storage time effects on the milk fat. We observed that the spray drying did not alter the fatty acid content and nutritional indices evaluated, except the ratio DHA / EPA. Also, the storage time did not change the lipid content (fatty acid) and nutritional indices assessed. The processing of buffalo milk by a spray dryer and the milk powder hermetically stored can be used as a strategy for mitigating the economic losses caused by reproductive
Correlation of Catalytic Activity to Material Structure and Surface Composition for Sustainable Catalysis

This thesis investigates the relation between the catalytic activity and catalyst material to develop a predictive framework for the rational design of catalytic systems. More specifically, catalyst morphology, surface structure, and surface composition are probed to understand their impact on catalyst activity and selectivity for sustainable catalysis applications. We begin with an introduction of sustainable catalysis, with an emphasis on the use of copper catalysts and alloy materials (Chapter 1). The details of the methods used in this thesis are then presented (Chapter 2). Next, the role of defects and step edge sites in elementary reaction steps is studied for methanol oxidation on titania (Chapter 3) and ethanol dehydrogenation on copper (Chapter 4). The study of ethanol dehydrogenation reaction is further expanded to understand the effect of alloying nickel with copper materials on the catalyst activity and selectivity (Chapter 5). A thorough investigation is undertaken to understand surface compositional (Chapter 6) and structural (Chapter 7) changes induced by different gas exposures of a nanoporous nickel-copper catalyst. The changes in surface composition and structure using in situ techniques are correlated to changes in catalytic activity and stability (Chapters 6 – 7). The use of reactive gases to alter
Effects of vineyard ‘potential’ and grape maturation on the aroma-volatile profile of Grenache wines

Background and aims: Wine is a beverage characterized by its pleasant aromatic features. These sensory notes are determined by the specific concentrations of odorous chemical compounds in each wine. Many of these aroma compounds arise directly or indirectly from the grapes, and their formation is affected by both grape metabolism and the viticultural ecosystem. Two studies were done with the 2015 vintage of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Grenache in Denominación Origen Somontano, a wine region of northern Aragon, Spain. In one study, we analysed wine from vineyards with different potentials: high potential, defined by balanced yield and high exposed leaf area (surface foliaire exposée, SFE, expressed in square metres) relative to production (P, expressed as kilograms of grapes) (i.e. high SFE:P ratio); and low potential, defined by unbalanced yield and low SFE:P ratio. In the other study, we analysed wine produced from grapes harvested at different times and therefore at different stages of ripening. The aim was to determine the effects of these variables on the aromatic compound profile of the wines. Methods and results: Concentrations of major aroma compounds were determined by gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detection, those of minor and trace aroma compounds by GC–mass spectrometry (MS), and those of pyrazines by thermal desorption–GC coupled with GC–MS. In the first study, wines from high-potential vineyards had higher concentrations of some compounds, such as esters of fermentative origin (isoamyl acetate, ethyl lactate and diethyl succinate), esters of varietal origin (ethyl dihydrocinnamate, methyl vanillate and ethyl vanillate), and terpenols (linalool and geraniol). In contrast, wines from low-potential vineyards had higher concentrations of 3-isopropyl-2-methoxypyrazine, γ-nonalactone and volatile phenols. In the second study, concentrations of varietal compounds such as rotundone and linalool increased with extended maturation. Furthermore, as ripening progressed, the ester to acid ratio for linear fatty acid ethyl esters generally increased while that for branched fatty acid ethyl esters tended to decrease. Acetaldehyde concentration was decreased in wines produced from grapes harvested at the latest date, a result that may be related to increased polyphenol content.Conclusions: The results of these studies provide an approximation of how the aromatic compound profile of a Grenache wine may differ between vineyards with different characteristics.Significance and impact of the study: We suggest explanations for these differences, which may guide the choice of harvest date.
Comparison of conventional and sustained-release formulation of metformin in type 2 diabetics

Background: To investigate the effects of metformin sustained-release (MSR) compared with metformin immediate-release (MIR) on glycaemic control, blood pressure, lipid profile and metabolic parameters like weight, waist circumference in type 2 diabetes. Methods: A prospective, randomized, double blind study was conducted at tertiary healthcare and teaching hospital at Pune, Maharashtra. After obtaining institutional ethical committee approval and written informed consent, 40 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patient were randomly assigned to receive metformin immediate release formulation (MIR) 500 mg once 1 week and then twice daily and metformin sustained release formulation (MSR) 500 mg once 1 week and then 1000mg once daily for 18 weeks. Fasting and post prandial blood glucose level (BGL), HbA1c, blood pressure, lipid profile, weight and waist circumference, were recorded at the start and end of study. Results: Both MIR and MSR significantly decreased fasting; post prandial BGL and HbA1c at 18 weeks. But no significant difference was seen between two groups. Study did not show any effect on blood pressure and on lipid profile. Both formulations decreased obesity as evident by significant reduction in weight and waist circumference. All patients tolerated both formulations of metformin. Though overall incidences of adverse effects are less with sustained release formulation, difference was not significant between two groups. Conclusions: To conclude, both metformin immediate release and sustained release formulations achieved comparable glycaemic control and sustained release formulation would be as effective as immediate release formulation with advantage of being reduce daily intake of tablets.
The Importance of Hydration for Soccer Athletes

When playing soccer, the main mechanism for removing heat energy from the body is the evaporation of sweat from the surface of the skin. Although this mechanism is essential in regulating body temperature, this sweating process can often lead to dehydration. Dehydration is the process of losing water in the body and is often explained as a change in body mass during acute exercise. For example, 2% water dehydration is defined as a 2% body mass deficit. Thermoregulation in sweating is the main source of loss of body mass during acute exercise / exercise, but there are other contributing factors, namely loss of water and carbon dioxide through the respiratory tract produced by the substrate oxidation pathway. To get around the state of dehydration soccer players must immediately be rehydrated. Rehydration is an important part of the recovery process, good rehydration must be done both before, and especially after exercising, if the players have a body mass deficit, they must replace it with fluids and electrolytes in preparation for training or the next match.
Noise Pollution in Biochemistry Laboratories of Different Hospitals in Istanbul/Turkey

Introduction Noise pollution is a common health hazard worldwide. The invention of technological devices led to potentially harmful noise levels, especially in hospitals (1). Noise is an annoying environmental stressor generated from external sources like transport, industry and neighbours as well as internal sources (2). The noise in hospitals seems to come from inside, with intensive care units and surgical wards being important sources. Biochemistry labs that are furnished with many types of technological equipment can be another source of hospital noise, which may affect the health of the care provider.