Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scope for growth of the estuarine mysid Neomysis integer (Peracarida : Mysidacea) : effects of the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos

Mysids (Peracarida: Mysidacea) are standard test organisms used routinely in acute tests to evaluate the comparative toxicity of chemicals to aquatic organisms. The criticism of such lethal measurements for ecosystem monitoring has resulted in a clear need for sub-lethal tests that enable a more comprehensive understanding of the potential impacts of toxicants on natural populations. Neomysis integer, the dominant mysid of the upper reaches of European estuaries, has relatively low 96 h LC 50 values for pesticides and trace metals, and is under investigation as a suitable species for monitoring the pollution status of European estuaries. In this paper, the effects of environmentally realistic concentrations of the organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos on some basic physiological processes of N. integer are evaluated as potential end points for indicators of environmental pollution. Oxygen consumption, egestion rate (used as a measure of feeding rate) and scope for growth (an integrated measure of the overall physiological status of an organism) were significantly affected by chlorpyrifos exposure. In contrast, absorption efficiency was unaffected by pesticide exposure. Chlorpyrifos effects were most pronounced following short (i.e. 48 h) compared with longer exposure periods (e.g. 168 h). Increased oxygen consumption was the most sensitive toxicity test end point for detecting chlorpyrifos exposure, however, this response may not apply to all toxicants. Reduced scope for growth and egestion rate are considered more representative of the effects of chlorpyrifos on natural mysid populations, but were only affected significantly at near-lethal exposure concentrations. All 3 responses were affected at concentrations lower than those currently acceptable by European Community legislation for potable waters.
Conservation Laws and Energy Budget in a Static Universe

The universe is characterized by large concentrations of energy contained in small, dense areas such as galaxies, which radiate energy towards the surrounding space. However, no current theory balances the loss of energy of galaxies, a requirement for a conservative universe. This study is an investigation of the physics nature might use to maintain the energy diﬀerential between its dense parts and the vacuum. We propose time contraction as a principle to maintain this energy diﬀerential. Time contraction has the following eﬀects: photons lose energy, while masses gain potential energy and lose kinetic energy. From the virial theorem, which applies to a system of bodies, we ﬁnd that the net energy resulting from the gain in potential energy and the loss in kinetic energy remains unchanged, meaning that the orbitals of stars in galaxies remain unaﬀected by time contraction. However, each object in a galaxy has an internal potential energy leading to a surplus of energy within the object. This internal energy surplus should balance with the energy radiated at the level of a galaxy. We illustrate this principle with a calculation of the energy balance of the Milky Way.
41. MAGNETIC ANISOTROPY AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT DIRECTIONS IN NORTH ATLANTIC EARLY CRETACEOUS BLACK SHALES AND EOCENE MUDSTONES CORED ON DSDP LEG 48

The property of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (ams) provides a rapid and potentially precise method for estimating the degree and direction of preferred alignment of assemblages of magnetic mineral grains. In the case of sedimentary particles of grain size >50 μm this alignment is commonly due to a combination of gravitational forces, which tend to make elongate grains lie with their long axes in the horizontal plane, and hydrodynamic forces, which cause the long axes to be aligned in a direction related to the azimuth of flow. Under favorable circumstances, determination of this direction of alignment from measurements of the AMS can provide a precise measure of the direction of sediment transport, and place constraints on the possible magnitude of bottom currents. Such information is of considerable value to paleoenvironmental studies. As part of a wider program aimed at establishing generalized paleocirculation trends during the early stages of opening of the Atlantic Ocean, this paper describes an AMS study carried out on the sequence of Aptian-Albian carbonaceous mudstones ("black shales") recovered from Holes 400A and 402A (northeast Bay of Biscay), and the Paleocene-Eocene glauconitic tuffaceous mudstones from Site 403 (southwest Rockall Plateau), on IPOD Leg 48.
Internalizing Externality in the Case of Joint and Separate Productions: Property Rights Regulation as the Public Economy Solution

Externalities as a market failure hinder markets to allocate resources effectively by causing a loss of economic efficiency. Internalizing externalities through free market system without government interventions is limited. Public solutions are particularly important in the use of public resources by the manufacturers affecting each other mutually and choosing to act together or separately. Regulation of property rights as a public solution both increases the success of market solution and enables the compensation of the external effects, since it sets the initial conditions of markets.
Effect of Age and Surgical Procedure on Clinical and Radiological Outcomes in Children with Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip: A Comparative Study

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a general term for a spectrum that includes anatomical defects of the hip, varying from mild dysplastic changes to dislocations accompanying abnormal pathological findings, which can develop because of various prenatal, natal, or postnatal causes (1-4). DDH is one of the most important childhood orthopedic pathologies and a health problem that may lead to a disability if it remains untreated or is diagnosed late (5, 6). The main problem with respect to all stages of DDH treatment is the reduction of the hip and correction of instability in the joint. There are various treatment options for different age groups. Nowadays, treatment algorithms have been developed to select the most appropriate option (7-9).
Characteristics of nanocrystalline CeO2 thin films deposited on different substrates at room temperature

Nanocrystalline cerium oxide (CeO 2 ) thin films have been deposited over Si (100), Ni-W (200) and Al 2 O 3 (0006) substrates at room temperature by RF magnetron sputtering. The effect of RF sputtering power and deposition pressure on the optical and wettable properties of CeO 2 thin ﬁlms has been investigated. X-ray diffraction patterns show the dominant single orientation (111) of CeO 2 thin films deposited on different substrates at 150 W applied RF power and 5mTorr deposition pressure.But the value of full width at half maxima is found to be different on different substrates and varies in the range from 0.47°-0.65°. The corresponding crystallite size is also found to be varying from 16.94-12.46 nm. For these deposition parameters ellipsometer results reveal that the refractive index and band gap values are close to that of standard values. Thus, our results demonstrate that following sputtering process it is possible to deposit highly crystalline single oriented (111) CeO 2 thin films over different substrates even at room temperature simply by optimizing process parameters. Further, contact angle measurements indicate that all the deposited CeO 2 films show hydrophobic in nature.
Control with Formal Security Guarantees

Access-control systems are essential for protecting sensitive resources, be it digital or physical assets. Modern access-control systems are, however, complex software artifacts. They consist of multiple interconnected components that are subject to communication and component failures. These often influence access decisions in surprising and unintended ways. Furthermore, these components collectively enforce nontrivial decentralized policies, i.e. policies issued and managed by multiple principals, which are difficult to get right. Constructing correct access-control systems, i.e. systems that grant and deny access in conformance to all access-control requirements, is therefore a challenging task. In this thesis, we tackle the problem of constructing correct accesscontrol systems. We present a novel access-control framework that can be used to (i) specify decentralized access-control policies, which are policies that require both authority delegation and policy composition, (ii) verify access-control systems against security requirements in the presence of an active attacker who can selectively cause communication and component failures, and (iii) synthesize access-control policies for distributed enforcement points. We also develop an efficient interpreter that supports our policy specification language and can be used to construct access-control systems that directly enforce (verified) policies. Our first contribution is a novel logic-programming language, called BELLOG, which extends stratified Datalog over the four truth values from Belnap’s logic. We show that BELLOG can formalize access-control policies with authority delegation and policy composition, such as those based on the recent XACML v3.0 standard. Furthermore, we show that the verification of BELLOG policies against access-control requirements is readily reduced to BELLOG’s core decision problems. Our second contribution is a comprehensive and systematic investigation of the role of failure handling in access-control systems. We show that communication and component failures often affect access decisions in nontrivial and unintended ways, resulting in insecure systems. The verification of fail-security requirements, which define how access-control systems must handle failures, is therefore imperative in practice. We define a realistic attacker model tailored to failure scenarios and we demonstrate how the BELLOG access-control framework is used to verify access-control systems against fail-security requirements in the presence of our attacker.
Experiment Study on Solid Culture Medium by Microwave Sterilization

In order to identify the relationship between the microwave and the sterilization effect and apply microwave to sterilize in fungus production process, the microwave sterilization craft on the solid culture medium in fungus growth is studied, the results show that microwave not only can be used to sterilize the micro-organisms which is useless for fungus growth in the solid culture medium, but also has positive effect on fungus growth; and the sterilization process is featured with shorter time and higher efficiency compared with the traditional method.
Self-doped lanthanum manganites as a phase-separated system: Transformation of magnetic, resonance, and transport properties with doping and hydrostatic compression

The magnetic, resonance, and electric properties of LaxMnO3+δ (0.815≤x≤1.0) polycrystalline samples have been studied in the temperature range of 77–370 K and at high pressures of up to 11.5 kbar. It is shown that the increase in the La/Mn ratio gives rise to a change in the low temperature magnetic state from ferromagnetic to cluster spin glass, as well as to a drastic transformation of electric properties. A peculiar double-peaked shape is characteristic of the resistivity versus temperature curves for the intermediate range of x values. Within this range, the application of high pressures drastically changes both the value of resistivity and the character of its temperature dependence. It is shown that the approach, which regards the state of LaxMnO3+δ polycrystals as a mixture of interpenetrating paramagnetic insulating and ferromagnetic metallic phases, is able to successfully describe the peculiarities of the temperature dependence of total resistivity, as well as the features of its transformation .
Current and future developments in the treatment of chronic wounds

Chronic wounds are common and their incidence has been on the increase. They place an enormous burden on health care services and have a major impact on several aspects of patients' wellbeing. It is vital for clinicians to recognize the complexity of the underlying processes leading to the development of a chronic wound. With this knowledge, the key factors that led to their development in each patient can be identified and appropriate steps taken to address modifiable factors. There is currently a wide range of treatments available for treatment of chronic wounds, with a range of exciting new treatments being developed. This paper aims to give an overview of the common etiology and pathophysiology of chronic wounds followed by a discussion of a range of current and future developments in their treatment.
Antibacterial activity of alkaloidal compound isolated from leaves of Catharanthus roseaus (L.) against multi-drug resistant strains

The following alkaloids were isolated from Catharanthus roseus L. leaves from the yellow crystal as white powder at (38°C). The chemical and physical properties were studied by thin layer chromatography (TLC), IR-spectrum (IR), Ultraviolet - visible spectrum (UV) and melting point (mp). Standard strains of bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 6571, Escherichia coli NCTC 5933 and the clinical multidrug resistance (MDR) S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa were tested with the alkaloids. The Catharanthus ruseus (L.) alkaloids inhibited both type of bacteria strains of gram positive strains S. aureus NCTC 6571,*S. aureus and *E. coli as gram negative strains when concentrations increase (125, 250, 500 mg/ml) with C. ruseus L. alkaloids being the most active in (500 mg/ml) concentrations against gram positive S. aureus bacteria than gram negative bacteria E. coli, while the clinical resistance *P. aeruginosa showed resistance against C. ruseus L. alkaloids in all concentrations (500, 125, 250 mg/ml). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (µg/ml) of the alkaloidal compound were also determined. Finally, a test was also carried out to examine the cytotoxicity assay methods towards human red blood cells have no cyto-toxicity in all concentration. The good antimicrobial potency of the alkaloidal compound of C. ruseus L. indicates the treatment of (MDR) as an alternative to the costly antibiotics. Key words: Catharanthus roseus L. leaves, thin layer chromatography (TLC), alkaloid compound, antibacterial activity.
The nexus between the BRICS alliance and economic growth in South Africa

This paper examines the impact of the BRICS alliance on South Africa’s economic growth. The study uses time series data from 1980 to 2012 and employs a vector error correction model to achieve its aims. The empirical result reveals that international trade between the BRICS alliance has contributed a lot to economic growth experienced by South Africa. The study also reveals that despite the growth experienced overall in the alliance, South Africa’s economic participation is limited due to unfair trade practices amongst the members of the alliance.
Overview of Ice Nucleating Particles

AbstractIce particle formation in tropospheric clouds significantly changes cloud radiative and microphysical properties. Ice nucleation in the troposphere via homogeneous freezing occurs at temperatures lower than −38°C and relative humidity with respect to ice above 140%. In the absence of these conditions, ice formation can proceed via heterogeneous nucleation aided by aerosol particles known as ice nucleating particles (INPs). In this chapter, new developments in identifying the heterogeneous freezing mechanisms, atmospheric relevance, uncertainties, and unknowns about INPs are described. The change in conventional wisdom regarding the requirements of INPs as new studies discover physical and chemical properties of these particles is explained. INP sources and known reasons for their ice nucleating properties are presented. The need for more studies to systematically identify particle properties that facilitate ice nucleation is highlighted. The atmospheric relevance of long-range transport, aerosol a.
06. Diet, activity patterns, microhabitat use and defensive strategies of Rhinella hoogmoedi Caramaschi & Pombal, 2006 from a humid forest in northeast Brazil

Correspondence: L.M. B. Brito (lucasmb15@yahoo.com) We studied the natural history of the leaf-litter toad, Rhinella hoogmoedi Caramaschi & Pombal, 2006, in a rain forest located in an altitudinal rocky remain within the Brazilian caatinga biome. Rhinella hoogmoedi was more abundant during the first half of the wet season, when recruitment of new cohorts was observed. Leaf litter was the most commonly used substrate and activity was mainly diurnal. There was a positive relation between maximum prey size (length/volume) and predator size; ants and mites were the predominant prey in adults and froglets, respectively. The following defensive strategies were registered: cryptic and polymorphic colour pattern, immobility, thanatosis, generation of distress calls and production of a foamy substance by the paratoid glands. The similarities in natural history aspects among members of the R. margaritifera species group indicate a case of ecological niche conservatism.
HIV-nakkuse ennetamine Eestis

HIV-nakkuse ennetamisega on Eestis tegeletud ule 15 aasta. Probleemi mittetunnistamine ning ennetustoo alarahastamine kestis kuni epideemia puhkemiseni 2000. aastal. Tanu valisrahastusele on viimastel aastatel ennetustegevuse maht mitmekordistunud. Kaivitunud on ennetavate tegevuste ja nende moju regulaarne hindamine. Siiski pole HIV-nakkuse levik Eestis veel peatatud. Muret teeb ka jarjest suurenev vajadus anti-retroviiruslike ravimite jarele. Uha olulisemaks muutub tervishoiutootajate roll nakkuse diagnoosimisel, ravil, aga ka ennetamisel. Eesti Arst 2005; 84 (4): 255-262
The effects of Staphylococcal enterotoxin B on equine T cells

by LIESEL F. BAUER (Under the Direction of R. Jeff Hogan) ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins and their impact on T cells in humans and mice are well described. S. aureus prevalence has not only increased in veterinary clinics, but is a relatively common isolate in horses, more so than in other animal species. Yet the role of superantigens in infection is unknown. With this in mind, the effects of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) on equine T cells were examined. Using an in vitro assay, dose responses and the kinetics of equine T cell proliferation were determined. Equine MHC class II was found to be important for SEB-mediated equine T cell stimulation. Using RT-PCR, the presence of SEB induced cytokine production (i.e. IFN-γ and IL-10) in equine T cells, but additional studies are needed. Taken together, these data suggest that virulence factors such as SEB when expressed may alter the clinical disease associated with S. aureus infection in horses.
Process characterization and development of simplified, high drug loaded formulations for the continuous manufacturing of tablets, based on twin-screw granulation

Within this thesis, the development and characterization of simplified formulations, which contain high proportions of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API), is described. Different APIs are applied and processed via twin-screw granulation, subsequent tableting and are investigated regarding various critical quality attributes. Furthermore, the feeding processes and the twin-screw granulation process are analyzed and described in detail.
Reduced-order Model Based on H ∞-Balancing for Infinite-Dimensional Systems

This paper presents a model reduction for unstable infinite dimensional system (A,B,C) usingH∞-balancing. To constructH∞-balanced realization, we find a Lyapunov-balanced realization of a normalized left-coprime factorization (NLCF) of the scaled system (A, βB,C). Next, we apply the new coordinate transformation to obtain yet another realization of NLCF system. This result is then translated to have the new scaled system (At, βBt, Ct) which similar with (A, βB,C). Furthermore, it can be verified that the solutions of a control and filter H∞-Riccati operator equations of the system (At, Bt, Ct) are equal and diagonal. This implies that the system (At, Bt, Ct) is H∞-balanced realization of the system (A,B,C). Based on the small H∞-characteristic values, the state variables of the system (At, Bt, Ct) is truncated, to yield a reduced-order model of the system (A,B,C). To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, numerical simulations are applied to Euler-Bernoulli beam equation. Mathematics Subject Classification: 93A15, 93B07, 93C05, 93C20
DLRAD – A FIRST LOOK ON THE NEW VISION AND MAPPING BENCHMARK DATASET FOR AUTONOMOUS DRIVING

Abstract. DLRAD – a new vision and mapping benchmark dataset for autonomous driving is under development for the validation of intelligent driving algorithms. Stationary, mobile, and airborne sensors monitored simultaneously the environment around a reference vehicle, which was driving on urban, suburb and rural roads in and around the city of Braunschweig/Germany. Airborne images were acquired with the DLR 4k sensor system mounted on a helicopter. The DLR research car FASCarE is equipped with the latest sensor technology like front/rear radar, ultrasound and laser sensors, optical single and stereo cameras, and GNSS/IMU. Additionally, stationary terrestrial sensors like induction loops, optical mono and stereo cameras, radar and laser scanners monitor defined sections of the path from the ground. Simultaneously, the helicopter with the 4k sensor systems follows the reference car by keeping it all the time in the central nadir view. A next crucial step in the construction of the DLRAD benchmark dataset is the annotation of all objects in the reference dataset.The DLRAD benchmark dataset enables a huge variety of validation capabilities and opens a wide field of possibilities for the development, training and validation of machine learning algorithms in the context of autonomous driving. In this paper, we will present details of the sensor configurations and the acquisition campaign, which had taken place between the 18th July and 20th July 2017 in Braunschweig/Germany. Also, we show a first analysis of the data including the completeness and geometrical quality. The dataset will be published as soon as the coregistration and annotations are complete.
Degenerative Neurological and Neuromuscular Disease The relationship between the apolipoprotein E e 4 allele and hippocampal magnetic resonance imaging volume in community-dwelling individuals with mild Alzheimer ’ s disease

Correspondence: Bernard Walsh Department of Geriatric Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, 2 Lookout Road, New Lambton Heights, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia Tel +61 2 492 14830 Email Bernard.Walsh@hnehealth.nsw. gov.au Background: The degree of hippocampal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volume loss in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is commonly accepted as a marker of disease severity, yet remains expensive, unavailable, or not tolerated by many patients. Aim: To examine whether the presence of one or more apolipoprotein E (ApoE) e4 alleles is associated with smaller hippocampal MRI volumes in a population of early AD patients. Methods: A total of 88 consecutive patients attending a community-based memory disorders clinic who had both mild dementia on the Clinical Dementia Rating scale and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria for probable AD were recruited. We examined the relationship between ApoE e4 allele load and hippocampal atrophy on MRI volumes. Results: There was no association between the ApoE e4 load and hippocampal volume in this cohort. Conclusion: This study suggests that the presence of one or more ApoE e4 alleles cannot be used to estimate pathological disease load in early AD.