Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Different Dosages of Caffeine on Endurance Performance Time

The effect of different dosages of caffeine (0-5-9-13 mg.kg body weight-1) on endurance performance was examined. Nine well-trained cyclists participated in this study (VO2max 65.1 +/- 2.6 ml.kg-1.min-1). Caffeine capsules were administered in random order and double-blind. One hour after capsule ingestion, subjects cycled until exhaustion at 80% Wmax on an electromagnetically braked cycle ergometer. Blood samples were taken before, during and after the exercise test. Before and after the test a urine sample was obtained. A significant increase in endurance performance was found for all caffeine tests compared to placebo (endurance time 47 +/- 13, 58 +/- 11, 59 +/- 12 and 58 +/- 12 min for 0, 5, 9 and 13 mg.kg-1 body weight, respectively). No differences were found in endurance performance between the three caffeine dosages which indicates that no dose-response relation of caffeine and endurance performance was found. An increased free fatty acid and glycerol concentration was found after caffeine consumption compared with placebo. The mean urinary caffeine concentrations after exercise were 4.8 +/- 1.8, 8.9 +/- 5.2 and 14.9 +/- 6.9 micrograms.ml-1 urine for 5, 9 and 13 mg of caffeine.kg-1 body weight. Only the lowest dose of caffeine resulted in urine caffeine concentrations below the doping limit of the International Olympic Committee of 12 micrograms.ml-1 urine in all individuals. It is concluded that caffeine is an ergogenic aid that stimulates endurance performance. A dose-response relation between caffeine and endurance time was not found for the dose-range investigated. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Progression of HIV infection in misusers of injected drugs who stop injecting or follow a programme of maintenance treatment with methadone.

OBJECTIVE--To see whether misusers of injected drugs who stop injecting or switch to a programme of maintenance treatment with methadone have a reduced risk of progression of HIV infection when compared with a group of persistent misusers. DESIGN--Observational cohort study in HIV seropositive subjects with a current or past history of misusing injected drugs. SETTING--HIV outpatient clinic at the University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland. PATIENTS--297 Current and former parenteral drug misusers (median age 27) with asymptomatic HIV infection. During the observation period 80 subjects adhered to a programme of maintenance treatment with methadone, 124 continued with parenteral drug misuse, and 93 former misusers remained free of illicit drugs. No antiretroviral treatment was given during the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Probability of progression of HIV infection from asymptomatic to symptomatic (Centers for Disease Control stage IV) as calculated by life table analysis and compared in the three groups of patients by means of a log rank test, and predictors of disease progression as analysed with a Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS--The 297 patients were followed up for a median of 16 months. The median duration of injecting drug misuse before enrollment was 7.1 years. There were no significant differences among the three groups with respect to CD4+ counts at the beginning of the study (median 0.44 x 10(9)/l). Life table analysis showed a significantly lower probability of progression of HIV disease in both the methadone treated group and former drug misusers than in persistent injecting drug misusers. Multivariate regression analysis showed a relative risk of progression of the disease of 1.78 (95% confidence interval 1.20 to 2.67; p less than 0.01) in persistent injecting drug misusers, 0.48 (0.29 to 0.77; p less than 0.01) in the methadone treated group, and 0.66 (0.41 to 1.06; p = 0.085) in former drug misusers. CONCLUSIONS--Stopping the misuse of injected drugs slows the progression of HIV disease in infected subjects. Drug treatment programmes are effective in secondary prevention of HIV associated morbidity.
Left ventricle segmentation in cardiac MRI images using fully convolutional neural networks

According to the World Health Organization, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for 17.3 million deaths per year, a number that is expected to grow to more than 23.6 million by 2030. Most cardiac pathologies involve the left ventricle; therefore, estimation of several functional parameters from a previous segmentation of this structure can be helpful in diagnosis. Manual delineation is a time consuming and tedious task that is also prone to high intra and inter-observer variability. Thus, there exists a need for automated cardiac segmentation method to help facilitate the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. In this work we propose a deep fully convolutional neural network architecture to address this issue and assess its performance. The model was trained end to end in a supervised learning stage from whole cardiac MRI images input and ground truth to make a per pixel classification. For its design, development and experimentation was used Caffe deep learning framework over an NVidia Quadro K4200 Graphics Processing Unit. The net architecture is: Conv64-ReLU (2x) – MaxPooling – Conv128-ReLU (2x) – MaxPooling – Conv256-ReLU (2x) – MaxPooling – Conv512-ReLu-Dropout (2x) – Conv2-ReLU – Deconv – Crop – Softmax. Training and testing processes were carried out using 5-fold cross validation with short axis cardiac magnetic resonance images from Sunnybrook Database. We obtained a Dice score of 0.92 and 0.90, Hausdorff distance of 4.48 and 5.43, Jaccard index of 0.97 and 0.97, sensitivity of 0.92 and 0.90 and specificity of 0.99 and 0.99, overall mean values with SGD and RMSProp, respectively.
Human–Objects Interaction: A Framework for Designing, Developing and Evaluating Augmented Objects

The processes to design, develop, and evaluate augmented objects are complex and should adhere to a Software Engineering methodology with a user-centered approach. This article presents a framework for creating augmented objects focused on the interaction of the final users with these objects. The article applies the framework in three cases of study: an augmented Post-it note for important e-mail notifications, an augmented pajama for capturing vital signs on infants, and an augmented door that is able to capture and send messages when the user is out of office.
Making contact points between text and images

1. ABSTRACT Multimedia presentations and web pages make ever increasing use of combinations of text and image media. This paper expIores how ‘contact points’ or co-references between an image and text should be designed. A set of eye tracking results are reported which provide evidence for the effects of contact points. The results are used as the basis for a set of guidelines for successftd desi=m of image and teti A web page authoring tool is described which supports these requirements.
Flexible and Lightweight Access Control for Online Healthcare Social Networks in the Context of the Internet of Things

Online healthcare social networks (OHSNs) play an essential role in sharing information among medical experts and patients who are equipped with similar experiences. To access other patients’ data or experts’ diagnosis anywhere and anytime, it is necessary to integrate the OHSN into the Internet as part of the Internet of Things (IoT). Therefore, it is crucial to design an efficient and versatile access control scheme that can grant and revoke a user to access the OHSN. In this paper, we propose novel attribute-based encryption (ABE) features with user revocation and verifiable decryption outsourcing to control the access privilege of the users. The security of the proposed ABE scheme is given in the well-studied random oracle model. With the proposed ABE scheme, the malicious users can be excluded from the system and the user can offload most of the overhead in the decryption to an untrusted cloud server in a verifiable manner. An access control scheme for the OHSN has been given in the context of the IoT based on the proposed ABE scheme. The simulation demonstrates that our access control mechanism is practical.
Psicodrama, arte e inclusión social. La línea tenue de la marginación.

This article is a reflection about marginalization in every day life, materialized in the expulsion of pleasurable places of the metropolis (Mexico City), and in its journey through uncertainty, fear and suffering. For this reason we try to rescue the meaning of the group through strategies of psychodrama. We think of it as a creative refuge that allows survival because it promotes the discovery and empowerment of that “no place”.
Mental Health Programme in the 11th Five Year Plan.

The National Mental Health Programme (NMHP) of India was initiated in 1982 1 and this year it will be completing 25 years. The programme is at a crucial stage of expansion to cover a larger population of the country. The approach paper for the 11 th Five Year Plan 2 outlines the scope of mental health as follows: " The 11 th Five Year Plan will recognize the importance of mental health care and will concentrate on providing counselling, medical services, and establishing helplines for all , especially people affected by calamities, riots and violence " (p.72). It is also significant that the National Farmers Commission also identified the need for mental health interventions to address the growing problem of farmers suicides 3. Similarly some of the welfare programmes, like the Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) are reaching a national coverage 4. This is an opportune time to review the progress of NMHP and place the future activities based on the lessons learnt in the last quarter century of the programme. There are three aspects relevant to the 11 th Five Year Plan that call for attention, (i) what is currently known about mental disorders and mental health interventions (ii) what are the salient aspects of the first 25 years of the NMHP and (iii) what should be the focus of the 11 th Five Year Plan. Mental health/Mental disorders Mental disorders form an important public health priority, both in terms of the numbers of people suffering from mental disorders and due to the burden of these disorders in the community 5,6. These conditions include the severe forms of mental disorders like psychoses, substance abuse and mental retardation. Of the health conditions contributing to the disability adjusted life years (DALYs), of the top 10 conditions, four are mental disorders. Women form a specially vulnerable group for depressive disorders. In addition, populations living under rapid social change, disasters, conflict situations, migrant populations, and poor, have higher rates of prevalence of mental disorders and psychosocial needs. The growing problem of suicides in farmers, associated with the financial problems is an indication of the way mental health gets affected by social situations. There are effective interventions to address the wide range of mental disorders that include medicines, psychological interventions, social interventions and rehabilitation. There are demonstrable projects of such cost-effective interventions from India 7. The currently accepted approach is to provide care in …
Applications of MMPBSA to Membrane Proteins I: Efficient Numerical Solutions of Periodic Poisson-Boltzmann Equation

Continuum solvent models have been widely used in biomolecular modeling applications. Recently much attention has been given to inclusion of implicit membranes into existing continuum Poisson-Boltzmann solvent models to extend their applications to membrane systems. Inclusion of an implicit membrane complicates numerical solutions of the underlining Poisson-Boltzmann equation due to the dielectric inhomogeneity on the boundary surfaces of a computation grid. This can be alleviated by the use of the periodic boundary condition, a common practice in electrostatic computations in particle simulations. The conjugate gradient and successive over-relaxation methods are relatively straightforward to be adapted to periodic calculations, but their convergence rates are quite low, limiting their applications to free energy simulations that require a large number of conformations to be processed. To accelerate convergence, the Incomplete Cholesky preconditioning and the geometric multigrid methods have been extended to incorporate periodicity for biomolecular applications. Impressive convergence behaviors were found as in the previous applications of these numerical methods to tested biomolecules and MMPBSA calculations.
HEMIPARESE SINISTRA, PARESE NERVUS VII, IX, X, XII e.c STROKE NON-HEMORAGIK

Latar Belakang . Stroke atau serangan otak adalah sindrom klinis yang awal timbulnya mendadak, progresif, cepat, berupa defisit neurologis fokal dan atau global, yang berlangsung 24 jam atau lebih atau langsung menimbulkan kematian, dan semata-mata di sebabkan oleh gangguan peredaran darah otak non traumatik. Stroke non hemoragik didefinisikan sebagai gangguan cerebrovaskular yang disebabkan oleh tersumbatnya pembuluh darah akibat penyakit tertentu seperti aterosklerosis, arteritis, trombus dan embolus. Faktor resiko terjadinya stroke nonhemoragik, antara lain hipertensi, diabetes mellitus (DM), penyakit jantung,hiperkolesterolemi, merokok. Kasus . Seorang laki-laki 52 tahun datang dengan keluhan lengan dan tungkai kirinya mendadak lemah sejak 3 hari yang lalu. Keluhan tidak disertai muntah, nyeri kepala, dan penurunan kesadaran (-) disertai pelo. Pemeriksaan fisik didapatkan TD150/100 mmHg, mulut tertarik kearah sebelah kanan, lidah deviasi ke kiri, uvula deviasi ke kanan, kekuatan otot didapatkan nilai 2 pada lengan kiri dan nilai 3 pada tungkai kiri. Refleks patologis babinsky pada ekstremitas inferior sinistra. Kesimpulan . Diagnosa stroke non hemoragik ditegakkan. [Medula Unila.201 4 ; 2 ( 3 ): 52-59 ] Kata kunci: faktor risiko, stroke non hemoragik
Association of high-level MRP1 expression with poor clinical outcome in a large prospective study of primary neuroblastoma.

PURPOSE We have previously shown in a retrospective study that expression of the multidrug transporter gene MRP1 (ABCC1) is associated with outcome in neuroblastoma. We have now undertaken a prospective analysis to examine the independent prognostic significance of MRP1 expression in a large cohort of primary untreated neuroblastomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two hundred nine diagnostic neuroblastoma samples from patients prospectively enrolled onto the Pediatric Oncology Group biology protocol 9047 were analyzed for expression of the MRP1, MDR1, MYCN, and TRKA genes using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Expression levels were correlated with established prognostic indicators and disease outcome. RESULTS MRP1 expression was detected in all tumors analyzed, and levels were significantly higher in tumors with versus without MYCN amplification (P < .0001). High levels of MRP1 were highly predictive of both event-free survival (EFS; P < .001) and overall survival (OS; P < .001). High-level MYCN and low-level TRKA were also predictive of poor outcome. MDR1 expression demonstrated no prognostic significance. After adjustment for the effect of statistically significant prognostic indicators in multivariate models, MRP1 expression retained significant prognostic value for both EFS (hazard ratio = 3.0; P = .0011) and OS (hazard ratio = 2.5; P = .0095), whereas MYCN amplification did not have prognostic significance. CONCLUSION The results of this prospective study confirm our earlier findings and support a clinically relevant role for MRP1 gene expression in neuroblastoma. These findings have implications for the biology, prognosis, and treatment of this disease and provide evidence that MRP1 is a bone fide molecular target for reversing chemotherapy resistance in aggressive drug-refractory neuroblastoma.
Interactions between adenosine and angiotensin II in controlling glomerular filtration.

This study examined interactions between adenosine (Ado) and angiotensin II (ANG II) in controlling renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). In six normal dogs, intrarenal Ado infusion (1.0 mumol/min) transiently decreased RBF, but during sustained Ado infusion RBF increased to 122 +/- 7% of control, although GFR remained at 75 +/- 6% of control. Blockade of ANG II formation with the converting enzyme inhibitor SQ 14225 (n = 6) almost abolished the transient decrease in RBF but did not prevent the sustained fall in GFR caused by Ado. When circulating ANG II was held constant by intravenous infusion of SQ 14225 and 20 ng . kg-1 . min-1 of ANG II (n = 6), Ado transiently decreased RBF but the return of RBF was much slower than in normal dogs and RBF did not increase above control. Maintenance of constant circulating ANG II did not prevent Ado-mediated decreases in GFR. These observations suggest that Ado-mediated reductions in GFR do not depend entirely on ANG II and may be due to dilation of efferent arterioles by Ado. However, the transient renal vasoconstriction caused by Ado depends on ANG II, and data from this study suggest that part of the waning constrictor response to Ado is due to suppression of renin secretion and endogenous ANG II formation. In circumstances where high ANG II levels are maintained (i.e., ischemic renal failure), Ado may be capable of causing sustained renal vasoconstriction.
Positive Peer Kultur in der Berufsorientierung

Die familiare Herkunft und die schulische Laufbahn haben einen bedeutenden Einfluss auf einen gelingenden Ubergang von Schule in Ausbildung oder Studium. Jedoch verbringen Jugendliche mit zunehmendem Alter auch verstarkt Zeit mit Gleichaltrigen. Â… Die Gruppen von Gleichaltrigen haben einen direkten Einfluss auf die Berufswahl, der den Einfluss der Eltern nicht ersetzt, sondern erganzt Â…. Zwar reden nur wenige Jugendliche mit ihren Freunden uber konkrete Berufsbilder, allerdings haben Gleichaltrige eine emotionale Stabilisierungsfunktion fur Jugendliche, insbesondere da sie im gleichen soziohistorischen Kontext aufwachsen. So waren die heute ublichen Flexibilitats- und Mobilitatsanforderungen des Arbeitsmarktes in der Elterngeneration noch viel weniger ein Thema, als dies derzeit der Fall ist. Somit sind Eltern, insbesondere bei diesen Fragen, die weniger kompetenten Ansprechpartner. Besser geeignet sind hier vor allem Jugendliche, die wenige Jahre alter sind und die Phase des Ubergangs in eine Ausbildung oder ein Studium bereits durchlaufen haben Â… . Eben solche etwas alteren Jugendlichen bzw. jungen Erwachsenen arbeiten ehrenamtlich als Â„BerufsorientierungspeersÂ“ im Projekt Â„Junge Impulse in der BerufsorientierungÂ“ der deutschen Kinder- und Jugendstiftung an Thuringer Gymnasien und Regelschulen. Grundgedanke dieses Projektes ist es, Jugendlichen fruhzeitig und langfristig Hilfestellung und Halt in der Phase der Berufsorientierung zu geben. Dies geschieht auf Basis des Konzepts der positiven Peerkultur. Theoretische Grundlagen sowie die Implementierung des Konzepts positiver Peerkultur in der Berufsorientierung werden vorgestellt. Zudem soll ein Blick auf die jungen Menschen und ihre Arbeit geworfen werden, die sich im Projekt Â„Junge Impulse in der BerufsorientierungÂ“ ehrenamtlich engagieren und es wird anhand eines Fallbeispieles die Umsetzung des Projektes in der Praxis geschildert. (DIPF/Orig.) Der Beitrag entstand fur den Sammelband Kock, Michael / Stein, Margit (Hg.): Ubergange von der Schule in Ausbildung, Studium und Beruf. Voraussetzungen und Hilfestellungen, Bad Heilbrunn 2010, ISBN 978-3-7815-1748-6, konnte aus Platzmangel jedoch nicht in die Print-Publikation aufgenommen werden.
Crystal Structure of Geranylgeranyl Pyrophosphate Synthase (CrtE) Involved in Cyanobacterial Terpenoid Biosynthesis

Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes that perform oxygenic photosynthesis. Due to their ability to use the photon energy of sunlight to fix carbon dioxide into biomass, cyanobacteria are promising hosts for the sustainable production of terpenoids, also known as isoprenoids, a diverse class of natural products with potential as advanced biofuels and high-value chemicals. However, the cyanobacterial enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of the terpene precursors needed to make more complicated terpenoids are poorly characterized. Here we show that the predicted type II prenyltransferase CrtE encoded by the model cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 is homodimeric and able to synthesize C20-geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) from C5-isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and C5-dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP). The crystal structure of CrtE solved to a resolution of 2.7 Å revealed a strong structural similarity to the large subunit of the heterodimeric geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase 1 from Arabidopsis thaliana with each subunit containing 14 helices. Using mutagenesis, we confirmed that the fourth and fifth amino acids (Met-87 and Ser-88) before the first conserved aspartate-rich motif (FARM) play important roles in controlling chain elongation. While the WT enzyme specifically produced GGPP, variants M87F and S88Y could only generate C15-farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP), indicating that residues with large side chains obstruct product elongation. In contrast, replacement of M87 with the smaller Ala residue allowed the formation of the longer C25-geranylfarnesyl pyrophosphate (GFPP) product. Overall, our results provide new structural and functional information on the cyanobacterial CrtE enzyme that could lead to the development of improved cyanobacterial platforms for terpenoid production.
Afterdepolarizations and abnormal calcium handling in atrial myocytes with modulated SERCA uptake: a sensitivity analysis of calcium handling channels

Delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs) and spontaneous depolarizations (SDs) are typically triggered by spontaneous diastolic Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) which is caused by an elevated SR Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) uptake and dysfunctional ryanodine receptors. However, recent studies on the T-box transcription factor gene (TBX5) demonstrated that abnormal depolarizations could occur despite a reduced SERCA uptake. Similar findings have also been reported in experimental or clinical studies of diabetes and heart failure. To investigate the sensitivity of SERCA in the genesis of DADs/SDs as well as its dependence on other Ca2+ handling channels, we performed systematic analyses using the Maleckar et al. model. Results showed that the modulation of SERCA alone cannot trigger abnormal depolarizations, but can instead affect the interdependency of other Ca2+ handling channels in triggering DADs/SDs. Furthermore, we discovered the existence of a threshold value for the intracellular concentration of Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) for abnormal depolarizations, which is modulated by the maximum SERCA uptake and the concentration of Ca2+ in the uptake and release compartments in the SR ([Ca2+]up and [Ca2+]rel). For the first time, our modelling study reconciles different mechanisms of abnormal depolarizations in the setting of ‘lone’ AF, reduced TBX5, diabetes and heart failure, and may lead to more targeted treatment for these patients. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Uncertainty quantification in cardiac and cardiovascular modelling and simulation’.
Development of a hybrid gravimeter system onboard an underwater vehicle

We are developing a hybrid gravity survey system using a gravimeter and a gravity gradiometer to survey sub-seafloor density structure. This paper describes the development of a gravimeter with forced gimbals for this purpose. The aimed precision is about 0.1 mgal, one order better than sea surface gravimetry. After a successful feasibility study by using a Scintrex CG-3M gravimeter under a condition of pitching and rolling as well as heaving, we are developing a new underwater gravimeter system with a gravity sensor by Micro-G LaCoste. The design, performance, and future tasks are described.