Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of integrating variety, seed treatment, and foliar fungicide spray timing on managing common bean Anthracnose at Bako, western Ethiopia

Bean anthracnose [ Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. And Magn.) Lams. -Scrib] is one of the major diseases of common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and causes huge yield losses in western Ethiopia. The research was conducted at Bako during 2014 main cropping season with the objectives to: 1) assess the efficacy of seed treatment and foliar fungicide spray timing; 2) determine the effect of integrated use of common bean varieties, seed treatment and foliar fungicide spray timing on anthracnose severity, yield and yield components; and 3) assess the economic feasibility of the treatments. The treatments consisted of three bean varieties (Awash Melka, Awash-1 and Mexican 142), two levels of seed treatment (thiram-treated at the rate of 5 g kg -1 seed and non-treated) and four foliar spray timing with tebuconazole at the rate of 350 ml ha -1 (at the fifth trifoliate, flowering, pod setting stages and unsprayed control). The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in a factorial arrangement and replicated three times per treatment. Disease parameters were assessed from 18 pre-tagged plants per plot; yield components were assessed from ten randomly pre-tagged plants; seed yields were recorded from plants in the three central rows in each plot. Variety, seed treatment, and foliar spray timing interacted significantly (p ≤ 0.05) to influence foliage and pod disease severity index, area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), infected pod per plant and seed yield. Awash-1, without seed treatment and without foliar spray, showed the highest (86.0%) foliage severity and the highest (71.32%) pod severity with calculated AUDPC values of 2771.19 and 1150.25%-days for leaf and pod, respectively. Mexican 142 from treated-seed and sprayed with tebuconazole at the fifth trifoliate stage produced the highest (2354.074 kg ha -1 ) seed yield, followed by Awash-1 (2239.76 kg ha -1 ) from non-treated seed and sprayed starting at the flowering stage. The highest marginal rates of return of 3071 and 2568% were calculated for Awash-1 without seed treatments but sprayed at flowering and pod setting, respectively, followed by Awash Melka (1962%) that was sown without seed treatment but sprayed at the flowering stage. Therefore, Awash-1 and Awash Melka without seed treatment and spraying with tebuconazole at the flowering stage resulted in the optimum yields of the crop, indicating that these treatments could be practiced as the most effective management measures against common bean anthracnose for sustainable production of the crop in the study area and elsewhere with similar agroecologies. Keywords: Area under the disease-progress curve (AUDPC); [ Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. and Magnus) Lams. -Scrib]; Phaseolus vulgaris L. ; foliar spray timing seed treatment
Linking vestibular function and sub-cortical grey matter volume changes in a longitudinal study of aging adults

Emerging evidence suggests a relationship between impairments of the vestibular (inner ear balance) system and decline in visuospatial cognitive performance in older adults. However, it is unclear whether age-related vestibular loss is associated with volume loss in brain regions known to receive vestibular input. To address this gap, we investigated the association between vestibular function and the volumes of four structures that process vestibular information (the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, thalamus, and basal ganglia) in a longitudinal study of 97 healthy, older participants from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Vestibular testing included cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP) to measure saccular function, ocular VEMP (oVEMP) to measure utricular function, and video head-impulse tests to measure the horizontal semi-circular canal vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). Participants in the sample had vestibular and brain MRI data for a total of 1 (18.6%), 2 (49.5%) and 3 (32.0%) visits. Linear mixed-effects regression was used to model regional volume over time as a function of vestibular physiological function, correcting for age, sex, intracranial volume, and inter-subject random variation in the baseline levels of and rates of change of volume over time. We found that poorer saccular function, characterized by lower cVEMP amplitude, is associated with reduced bilateral volumes of the thalamus and basal ganglia at each time point, demonstrated by a 0.0714 cm3 {+/-} 0.0344 (p=0.038; 95% CI: 0.00397-0.139) lower bilateral-mean volume of the basal ganglia and a 0.0440 cm3 {+/-} 0.0221 (p=0.046; 95% CI: 0.000727-0.0873) lower bilateral-mean volume of the thalamus for each 1 unit lower cVEMP amplitude. There were no significant associations between volume and oVEMP or mean VOR gain. These findings provide insight into the potential neural substrates for the observed link between age-related vestibular loss and spatial cognition.
Polymorphisme et transitions de phases des triglycerides. Applications aux proprietes thermiques et structurales de la matiere grasse laitiere anhydre et de ses fractions

Les cristallisations de la matiere grasse laitiere anhydre (mgla) et de ses fractions en fonction des traitements thermiques ont ete etudiees principalement par un couplage d'analyse calorimetrique differentielle et de diffraction des rayons x (drx) en fonction de la temperature. Les differentes compositions en triglycerides (tg) induites par le fractionnement de la mgla ont ete reliees aux profils de fusion et de cristallisation et aux cliches de drx qui leurs correspondent. Cette etude a permis d'etablir que les tres nombreux tg constitutifs de la mgla s'organisent en trois grandes familles de points de fusion differents, qui ont ete decrites en termes de composition et proprietes thermiques et structurales. En parallele, le polymorphisme de certains tg representatifs de ces trois familles (sss, pop et ppo, bupp, et bupo) a ete decrit par les memes techniques. Ces etudes sur les corps purs et sur la mgla mettent en evidence d'une part une solubilite importante des tg monoinsatures dans les tg trisatures a longues chaines, et d'autre part l'immiscibilite de ces trois familles de tg. Dans une seconde partie, l'impact des parametres technologiques d'un ensemble d'echangeurs thermiques a surface raclee pilotes (vitesses de refroidissement, texturation, conservation) sur la cristallisation de la mgla ou de melanges de fractions a ete evalue. Il apparait notamment que les proprietes rheologiques des produits cristallises dependent principalement de l'organisation macroscopique des phases cristallines et liquides suivie par microscopie en lumiere polarisee
Variation in compositional and structural components of community assemblage and its determinants

Co-ordinating Editor: Stephen Roxburgh Abstract Questions: What are the ecological processes that determine the spatial distribution of species and species diversity? Partitioning beta diversity can provide fundamental insights into the processes that determine the spatial variation of species assemblages. However, studying beta diversity is conventionally based only on species composition data, ignoring the structural component of communities. Study site: Temperate mixed broadleaf–conifer forest in Jiaohe, Jilin Province, northeastern China. Methods: We characterized the variation of community assemblages in terms of species composition, size structure, or considering both components. We then employed environmental and spatial variables as explanatory factors to partition the variation in both compositional and structural components of community assemblage and assess the relative contributions of the niche and neutral processes to community assembly. Results: The values of overall beta diversity (BD statistics) and the relative contribution of individual sampling units to beta diversity (LCBD indices) depended on whether the species composition, size structure, or both together had been taken into account. The value of compositional–structural beta diversity was the largest, followed by traditional compositional beta diversity; the smallest was the structural beta diversity. The sites with high contributions to beta diversity (LCBD values) varied among structural and compositional components. The explanatory power of the environmental variables and the spatial variables also varied widely with different components of a community. The combination of environmental and spatial variables explained the highest proportion of variation (43.8%) in the compositional component and explained the lowest proportion of variation (25.4%) in the structural component of community assemblage. Conclusion: Both deterministic and stochastic processes are acting to determine community assemblages in terms of species composition and structure in our temperate forest site. Our study highlights the importance of considering the structural component of forest communities, in addition to compositional data, when studying beta diversity.
Compression of Polysomnographic Signals Using the Discrete Cosine Transform and Dead-zone Optimal Quantization

—Data compression techniques for electrocardiographic and electroencephalographic exams have been widely reported in the literature over the last decades; but, there are no papers offering a unique solution for all biological signals typically present in polysomnographic records. Aiming to ﬁll this gap, the present work proposes a method of lossy compression for polysomnographic signals based on optimal quantization of the coefﬁcients obtained from the discrete cosine transform. The potentially grave distortions generated by the information loss are controlled by a compression parameter that may be conﬁg-ured to reach the desired Normalized Percent Root-mean-square Difference generating the optimum quantization vector with a minimization of the Lagrange parameter. The quantized signal is sent to a prediction by partial matching compressor, which works as the entropy coder of this compression strategy. The method was tested using the signals in the Polysomnographic database created by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Boston’s Beth Israel Hospital, achieving compression ratios between 2.16:1 and 67.48:1 with distortion values between 1.0% and 4.0%.
An overview of Current and novel approaches for microbial neutral protease improvement

Neutral proteases are of considerable interest in v iew of their activity and stability at pH of 6.0-7.5. This review describes t he current and novel approaches for microbial neutral protease improvement and their po tential application in diverse industries. Various hosts for expression are discus sed which confer the screening and modification of the genes with high efficiency. We give a special focus on strain improvement using recombinant DNA technology and mu tagenesis which can be applied to augment the efficiency of the producer strain to a commercial status. Further, medium formulation and fermentation technologies consideri ng the nutritional and environmental parameters affecting the production are delineated.
Identifying Requirements for Centralized Service for Movement and Biodiversity Data Analysis

—Positioning technology is lately widely used in many scientific fields to collect movement and biodiversity data for further analysis. That generates enormous amount of positions and tracking data and impose the need for developing new algorithms for analysis and prediction, which are managed in ever growing partial and incomplete software solutions. In this paper, we made a roadmap for development of centralized service-oriented software in which one could manage data about moving objects or plants, as well as spatial layers, contextual information and perform complex algorithms. We identified a set of interfaces for communication with users allowing data and algorithm manipulation. Furthermore, we proposed meta-model for storing data and algorithms in order to achieve adaptiveness and wide applicability. The proposed model establishes a baseline for a concrete implementation.
Essentials of Glycobiology [Internet]

Defined in the broadest sense, Glycobiology is the study of the structure, biosynthesis, biology, and evolution of saccharides (sugar chains or glycans) that are widely distributed in nature in all living life forms. Glycobiology is now one of the more rapidly growing fields in the natural sciences, with broad relevance to many areas of basic research, biomedicine, and biotechnology. The field includes the chemistry of carbohydrates, the enzymology of glycan formation and degradation, the recognition of glycans by specific proteins, roles of glycans in complex biological systems, and their analysis or manipulation by various techniques. The third edition of this primary textbook in the field continues in the prior tradition, seeking to provide basic overview of Glycobiology, directed towards the advanced undergraduate or the beginning graduate-level student of molecular and cellular biology and biomedicine. While efforts have been made to avoid a major increase in overall length of the text, substantial changes and improvements include the following: broader focus on all lineages of life forms in nature; wider range of topics, ranging from biology and medicine to chemistry and materials science; expanded international editorial board representing a wider range of expertise; wider range of contributing authors with expertise in specific areas; greatly expanded monosaccharide symbol nomenclature for the representation of glycans; and greater attention to informatics, and relevance to exploration of the glycome.
Synthèse par méthodes conventionnelles ou non d'oxydes mixtes par voie hydrotalcite : Application pour l'oxydation des COV et du CO

Les emissions de composes organiques volatiles (COV) dans l'atmosphere sont reglementees a caus de leur impact sur la sante. L'oxydation catalytique est une des techniques prometteuses pour limiter ces emissions. L'objectif de ce travail etait de mettre au point des catalyseurs actifs, selectifs en dioxyde de carbone et stables pour la destruction de COV. Afin de trouver une alternative a l'utilisation de catalyseurs a base de metaux nobles, ce travail de recherche a ete oriente sur la synthese de materiaux a base d'oxydes de metaux de transition. Les differents oxydes mixtes ont ete caracterises par differentes techniques physico-chimiques dont la Diffraction des Rayons X (DRX), les Analyses Thermiques (ATD/ATG), la Reduction en Temperature Programmee (H₂-RTP), la Microscopie Electronique a Transmission (MET), la Spectrometrie de Photoelectrons induits par rayons X (SPX),. Dans un premier temps, une etude sur la preparation d'oxydes mixtes issus de precurseurs de type hydrotalcite a ete menee, concernant le remplacement du cation bivalent. Cette etude a montre que l'oxyde mixte contenant du cobalt et de l'aluminium presentait une activite catalytique interessante pour l'oxydation du toluene ainsi que du monoxyde de carbone. Afin d'ameliorer cet oxyde mixte, une etude sur l'influence des methodes non conventionnelles de preparations du precurseur hydrotalcite a ete effectuee. Les micro-ondes ainsi que les ultrasons ont ete utilises lors de cette synthese et les differents oxydes mixtes ont ete testes dans les reactions du toluene et du CO. Lors de cette application, un effet benefique de l'utilisation des micro-ondes lors de la synthese a ete observe. Dans un troisieme temps, une etude de l'incorporation de cerium dans la structure hydrotalcite a ete menee. Un oxyde mixte du type CoAlCe a montre une activite catalytique interessante pour l'oxydation totale du toluene. De plus, une relation entre la reductabilite et l'activite catalytique a pu etre mise en evidence. Une comparaison entre les meilleurs catalyseurs de cette etude et des catalyseurs a base de metaux nobles commerciaux a ete abordee. L'etude cinetique de l'oxydation totale du toluene a montre, que dans le cas des oxydes mixtes CoAlCe et CoAl, un mecanisme du type Mars Van Krevelen decrirait le mieux la reaction. Enfin, les quatre meilleurs oxydes mixtes ont ete testes dans la reaction d'oxydation du toluene en presence de monoxyde de carbone. Un effet benefique de celui-ci sur la reactivite vis-a-vis du toluene a ete observe.
A new saxicolous Circinaria species (Megasporaceae) from northeast China

Abstract. In an investigation of Circinaria species in volcanic mountains of northeast China, one new species, C. laxilobata was identified based on morphological characteristics and DNA sequence data. The new species differs morphologically from other members of the C. contorta group by its greenish olive, thin thallus with dispersed areoles and elongated, diverging, branching marginal areoles distinctly delimited from the inner part, round apothecia with entire thalline margin, moniliform paraphyses, asci with 1–2 ellipsoid spores, and the absence of secondary metabolites. Comparisons of the ITS sequences of the nuclear ribosomal DNA repeat tandem, both in phylogenetic analyses and secondary structure models of ITS2, support the taxonomic distinctness of this species. The new species is described and illustrated in detail. A key to the species of Circinaria from China is also provided.
Benign Overfitting in Binary Classification of Gaussian Mixtures

Deep neural networks generalize well despite being exceedingly overparameterized, but understanding the statistical principles behind this so called benign-overfitting phenomenon is not yet well understood. Recently there has been remarkable progress towards understanding benign-overfitting in simpler models, such as linear regression and, even more recently, linear classification. This paper studies benign-overfitting for data generated from a popular binary Gaussian mixtures model (GMM) and classifiers trained by support-vector machines (SVM). Our approach has two steps. First, we leverage an idea introduced in [2] to relate the SVM solution to the least-squares (LS) solution. Second, we derive novel non-asymptotic bounds on the classification error of LS solution. Combining the two gives sufficient conditions on the overparameterization ratio and the signal-to-noise ratio that lead to benign overfitting. We corroborate our theoretical findings with numerical simulations.
Magnetoelastic effect in impact dynamics of nonNewtonian ferrofluid droplets

In this article, we propose, with the aid of detailed experiments and scaling analysis, the existence of magneto-elastic effects in the impact hydrodynamics of non-Newtonian ferrofluid droplets on superhydrophobic (SH) surfaces in presence of a magnetic field. The effects of magnetic Bond number (Bom), Weber number (We), polymer concentration and magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4) concentration in the ferrofluids were investigated. In comparison to Newtonian ferrofluid droplets, addition of polymers caused rebound suppression of the droplets relatively at lower Bom for a fixed magnetic nanoparticle concentration and We. We further observed that for a fixed polymer concentration and We, increasing magnetic nanoparticle concentration also triggers earlier rebound suppression with increasing Bom. In the absence of the magnetic nanoparticles, the non-Newtonian droplets do not show rebound suppression for the range of Bom investigated. Likewise, the Newtonian ferrofluids show rebound suppression at large Bom. This intriguing interplay of elastic effects of polymer chains and the magnetic nanoparticles, dubbed as the magneto-elastic effect is noted to lead to the rebound suppression. We establish a scaling relationship to show that the rebound suppression is observed as manifestation of onset of magneto-elastic instability only when the proposed magnetic Weissenberg number (Wim) exceeds unity. We also put forward a phase map to identify the various regimes of impact ferrohydrodynamics of such droplets, and the occurrence of the magneto-elastic effect.
On the behavior of the black hole candidate
 1E 1740
 .7‐2942's corona based on long‐term
 INTEGRAL
 database

One of the most straightforward ways to explain the hard X-ray spectra observed in X-ray binaries is to assume that comptonization of soft photons from the accretion disk is occurring. The region where this process takes place, called the corona, is characterized by only two parameters: its thermal energy $kT$ and its optical depth $\tau$. Hard X-ray spectra analysis is, thus, an imperative tool in diagnosing the behavior of these parameters. The lack of consistency in obtaining/analysing long-term databases, however, may have been hindering this kind of characterization from being attained. With the aim of better understanding the corona behavior in the black hole candidate 1E 1740.7-2942, we performed a homogeneous analysis for a large hard X-ray data set from the ISGRI telescope on-board the INTEGRAL satellite. Results from modelling the spectra show that, for most of our sample, unsaturated thermal comptonization is the main mechanism responsible for the hard X-ray spectra observed in 1E 1740.7-2942. Moreover, such extensive database allowed us to produce what is probably the longest hard X-ray light curve of 1E 1740.7-2942 and whose units -- due to recent findings regarding dynamical quantities of the system -- could be expressed in % of Eddington's luminosity.
Devil's staircase of topological Peierls insulators and Peierls supersolids

We consider a mixture of ultracold bosonic atoms on a one-dimensional lattice described by the XXZ-Bose-Hubbard model, where the tunneling of one species depends on the spin state of a second deeply trapped species. We show how the inclusion of antiferromagnetic interactions among the spin degrees of freedom generates a Devil's staircase of symmetry-protected topological phases for a wide parameter regime via a bosonic analog of the Peierls mechanism in electron-phonon systems. These topological Peierls insulators are examples of symmetry-breaking topological phases, where long-range order due to spontaneous symmetry breaking coexists with topological properties such as fractionalized edge states. Moreover, we identify a region of supersolid phases that do not require long-range interactions. They appear instead due to a Peierls incommensurability mechanism, where competing orders modify the underlying crystalline structure of Peierls insulators, becoming superfluid. Our work show the possibilities that ultracold atomic systems offer to investigate strongly-correlated topological phenomena beyond those found in natural materials.
Delta/Notch signaling controls neuroepithelial morphogenesis in the zebrafish spinal cord

The morphogenesis of the nervous system requires coordinating the specification and differentiation of neural precursor cells, the establishment of neuroepithelial tissue architecture and the execution of specific cellular movements. How these aspects of neural development are linked is incompletely understood. Here we inactivate a major regulator of embryonic neurogenesis - the Delta/Notch pathway - and analyze the effect on zebrafish central nervous system morphogenesis. While some parts of the nervous system can establish neuroepithelial tissue architecture independently of Notch, Notch signaling is essential for spinal cord morphogenesis. In this tissue, Notch signaling is required to repress neuronal differentiation and promote neuroepithelial apico-basal polarity. Concomitant with a loss of their neuroepithelial properties, Notch signaling deficient cells also alter their morphogenetic behavior. In the wild-type zebrafish neural tube, cells divide at the organ midline to contribute one daughter cell to each organ half. Notch deficient animals fail to display this behavior and therefore form a misproportioned spinal cord. Taken together, our findings show that Notch signaling governs not only the cellular composition but also the morphogenetic shaping of the zebrafish spinal cord.