Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developmental Pathways Linking Childhood Temperament With Antisocial Behavior and Substance Use in Adolescence: Explanatory Mechanisms in the Peer Environment

This study investigated 3 developmental pathways involving the peer environment that may explain how certain temperamental dispositions in childhood may become manifested in later antisocial behavior and substance use. A total of 411 (52% boys) Canadian children were followed annually from ages 6 to 15 years. The study tested whether the temperamental traits approach, negative reactivity and attention (assessed at ages 6–7 years), were associated with overt antisocial behavior, covert antisocial behavior and illicit substance use (assessed at ages 14–15 years), via poor social preference among peers, inflated social self-perception and antisocial behavior of peer-group affiliates (assessed throughout ages 8–13 years). Results indicated that negative reactivity was indirectly associated with overt antisocial behavior and substance use via poor social preference. Specifically, negative reactivity in earlier childhood predicted poor social preference in later childhood and early adolescence. This poor social standing among peers, in turn, predicted more engagement in overt antisocial behavior but less substance use in later adolescence. Over and above the influence of social preference, negative reactivity predicted engagement in all 3 outcomes via children’s antisocial behavior in childhood and early adolescence. Inflated social self-perception and antisocial behavior of peer-group affiliates did not mediate the link between temperament and the outcomes under scrutiny. No sex differences in developmental pathways from temperament to the outcomes were found. To further our understanding of the developmental link between childhood temperament and later antisocial behavior and substance use, we need to recognize the role of peer environmental factors, specifically poor preference among peers.
Identifying Movement Onset Times for a Bed-Based Pressure Sensor Array

Movement in bed-placed pressure arrays often interferes with measurements. A method for automatically determining movement onset times from a bed-based pressure sensor array is proposed. By using control levels based on a moving average and the moving variance, the method can adapt to changing positions and postures of the bed occupant. A simulation was performed on a generated 24-hour pressure signal. The proposed algorithm accurately identified 97.4% of the simulated onset times. Experimental data from two subjects sleeping on the pad at night show similar results to the simulation. Using movement times, we may identify sleep restlessness as well as posture and position changes
Pain Generators of the Lumbar Spine

Abstract Different anatomical structures and pathophysiological functions can be responsible for lumbar pain, each producing a distinctive clinical profile. Pain can arise from the intervertebral disc, either acutely as a primary disc related disorder, or as result of the degradation associated with chronic internal disc disruption. In either case, greatest pain provocation will be associated with movements and functions in the sagittal plane. Lumbar pain can also arise from afflictions within the zygapophyseal joint mechanism, as result of synovitis or chondropathy. Either of these conditions will produce the greatest pain provocation during three‐dimensional movements, due to maximal stress to either the synovium or joint cartilage. Finally, patients can experience different symptoms associated with irritation to the dural sleeve, dorsal root ganglion, or chemically irritated lumbar nerve root. Differential diagnosis of these conditions requires a thorough examination and provides information that can assist the clinician in selecting appropriate management strategies.
Immunolocalization of cathepsin B in human glioma: implications for tumor invasion and angiogenesis.

The poor prognosis of patients with malignant gliomas is at least partially due to the invasive nature of these tumors. In this study, the authors investigated the possibility that the cysteine protease cathepsin B (CB) is a participant in the process of glial tumor cell invasion. To accomplish this, an immunohistochemical analysis was made of the localization of antibodies to CB in biopsies of five specimens of normal brain, 16 astrocytomas, 33 anaplastic astrocytomas, and 33 glioblastomas multiforme. Staining was scored according to the percentage of positive cells and the intensity of the stain, graded from 0 to 3+. Staining for CB was not seen in any of five samples of normal brain except for occasional neuronal cell bodies and microglia. Only five (31%) of 16 astrocytomas showed a small percentage of positive cells (0.01%-3%) that were stained in a light, diffuse cytoplasmic pattern (1+). Twenty-nine (87.8%) of 33 anaplastic astrocytomas showed positive light, granular staining in 2% to 40% of cells. In anaplastic astrocytoma, the staining within a tumor was heterogeneous with intensities of 1+ (17%), 1+ to 2+ (29%), or 2+ (55%). In contrast, all 33 (100%) glioblastomas were positive in 10% to 90% of cells. The staining was present in a coarse, granular pattern with an intensity of 2+ (12%) or 3+ (88%). Tumor cells infiltrating into brain adjacent to malignant gliomas stained positively in 26 cases that could be evaluated for glioblastoma multiforme; these invading cells frequently followed penetrating blood vessels as typical "secondary structures of Scherer. " Moderate to intense CB staining associated with endothelial proliferation in high-grade tumors was also observed, especially in regions of tumor infiltration into adjacent normal brain. These results provide evidence consistent with the hypothesis that CB is functionally significant in the process of tumor invasion and angiogenesis in the clinical progression of the malignant phenotype in astrocytes.
Through Silicon Vias With Invar Metal Conductor for High-Temperature Applications

Through silicon vias (TSVs) are key enablers of 3-D integration technologies which, by vertically stacking and interconnecting multiple chips, achieve higher performances, lower power, and a smaller footprint. Copper is the most commonly used conductor to fill TSVs; however, copper has a high thermal expansion mismatch in relation to the silicon substrate. This mismatch results in a large accumulation of thermomechanical stress when TSVs are exposed to high temperatures and/or temperature cycles, potentially resulting in device failure. In this paper, we demonstrate $300~\mu \text{m}$ long, 7:1 aspect ratio TSVs with Invar as a conductive material. The entire TSV structure can withstand at least 100 thermal cycles from −50 °C to 190 °C and at least 1 h at 365 °C, limited by the experimental setup. This is possible thanks to matching coefficients of thermal expansion of the Invar via conductor and of silicon substrate. This results in thermomechanical stresses that are one order of magnitude smaller compared to copper TSV structures with identical geometries, according to finite element modeling. Our TSV structures are thus a promising approach enabling 2.5-D and 3-D integration platforms for high-temperature and harsh-environment applications. [2016-0202]
Disturbed Intracardiac Flow Organization After Atrioventricular Septal Defect Correction as Assessed With 4D Flow Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Quantitative Particle Tracing

ObjectivesFour-dimensional (3 spatial directions and time) velocity-encoded flow magnetic resonance imaging with quantitative particle tracing analysis allows assessment of left ventricular (LV) blood flow organization. Corrected atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) patients have an abnormal left atrioventricular valve shape. We aimed to analyze flow organization in corrected AVSD patients and healthy controls. MethodsA total of 32 patients (age, 25 ± 14 years), 21 after partial AVSD correction and 11 after complete/intermediate AVSD correction, and 30 healthy volunteers (26 ± 12 years) underwent whole-heart four-dimensional velocity-encoded flow magnetic resonance imaging. Particle tracing in the 16-segment LV cavity model was used to quantitatively evaluate blood flow organization discriminating multiple components. ResultsPatients showed a smaller percentage of direct flow compared with controls (30% ± 9% vs 44% ± 11%; P < 0.001). In patients, more inflow was observed in the basal inferior segment (22% ± 11% vs controls, 17% ± 5%; P = 0.005), with less direct but more retained inflow (ie, part of inflow that is not ejected from LV in subsequent systole). In patients, more inflow reached the midventricular level (68% ± 13% vs controls, 58% ± 9%; P < 0.001), most notably as retained inflow in the lateral segments. Subsequently, in patients, more (mostly retained) inflow reached the apex (23% ± 13% vs 14% ± 7%; P < 0.001), which correlated with early peak filling velocity (r = 0.637, P < 0.001). Patients with a corrected complete or intermediate AVSD presented with less direct flow (24% ± 8% vs 33% ± 8%; P = 0.003) and more apical inflow (30% ± 14% vs 18% ± 12%; P = 0.014) compared with a corrected partial AVSD. ConclusionMulticomponent particle tracing combined with 16-segment analysis quantitatively demonstrated altered LV flow organization after AVSD correction, with less direct and more retained inflow in apical and lateral LV cavity segments, which may contribute to decreased cardiac pumping efficiency.
Biomarkers of Essential Fatty Acid Consumption and Risk of Prostatic ar 1

Animal studies have suggested that omega-6 fatty acids found in vegetable oils may promote prostate cancer. Our goal was to use erythrocyte membrane and adipose tissue fatty acid composition as biomarkers to investigate whether essential fatty acids modulated prostate cancer risk. An outpatient clinic-based study of 89 cases and 38 controls was conducted in North Carolina between July 1989 and December 1991. Cases were recruited from a university-based urology outpatient clinic. Eligible cases were more than 45 years of age and had histological confirmation of a prostate cancer diagnosis within 1 year of entry into the study. Controls were histologically confirmed free of prostate cancer. Erythrocyte membranes from venous blood and adipose tissue fatty acids from s.c. fat samples were analyzed in batches using capillary gas chromatography. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios for the association of each fatty acid with prostate cancer while controlling for potential confounders. Linoleic acid consumption was positively associated with prostate cancer risk. The odds ratios comparing the first and fourth quartiles of linoleic acid consumption were 3.54 (95% confidence interval, 1.0-12.53) with P trend <0.04 for erythrocyte membranes, and 247 (95% confidence interval, 0.66-9.26) with P trend <0.08 for adipose tissue. These data suggest that linoleic acid consumption may increase prostate cancer risk, which is consistent with results from animal experiments. Linoleic acid is found in vegetable oils used in cooking and in cereals, snack foods, and baked goods. Our data failed to demonstrate consistently a protective effect of marine omega-3 fatty acids on prostate cancer.
Resistance-related mutations in the HIV-1 protease gene of patients treated for 1 year with the protease inhibitor ritonavir (ABT-538)

Objective:To define genotypic and phenotypic resistance patterns following prolonged therapy with the protease inhibitor ritonavir (ABT-538). Design:Seven HIV-1-infected patients, all but one previously treated with dideoxynucleoside analogues (zidovudine, didanosine, zalcitabine), were treated for 1 year with ritonavir. Methods:Direct solid-phase sequencing of the protease gene starting from plasma derived viral RNA followed by comparison to phenotypic drug resistance data. Results:The most frequent amino-acid substitutions occurring upon administration of the protease inhibitor were V82A/F (substrate binding site), I54V (flap region), A71V and L10I. Additional mutations found in more than one patient were I15V, M36I, I84V and I93L. Mutation L63P was found both in pre- and post-ritonavir samples. Phenotypic drug resistance assays confirmed resistance to ritonavir in post-treatment samples (~170-fold) and showed cross-resistance to indinavir (~30-fold) and partially to saquinavir (~fivefold). At 1 year of treatment, one patient without known resistance-associated mutations in the protease gene still showed a substantial rise in CD4 cell count accompanied by a more than 2.4 log decrease in RNA viral load. However, at week 78, mutations R8Q, E34K, R57K, L63P and I84V were detected and the treatment benefit was partially lost. Conclusions:Long-term treatment with ritonavir is associated with the emergence of multiple mutations in the HIV-1 protease gene. The mutations L10I, I54V, L63P, A71V, V82A/F and I84V correspond to known drug-resistance mutations for ritonavir and other protease inhibitors. Phenotypic resistance to ritonavir was detected in a majority of ritonavir-treated patients at 1 year of treatment. In addition, long-term ritonavir treatment selects for cross-resistance to the protease inhibitors indinavir and saquinavir. This argues against sequential therapy with several protease inhibitors. Delayed resistance in one patient was accompanied with a prolonged increase in CD4 cell count and decrease in viral load suggesting a temporary benefit of treatment.
Generalized steady-state VSC MTDC model for sequential AC/DC power flow algorithms

Summary form only given. In this paper, a steady-state multi-terminal voltage source converter high voltage direct current (VSC MTDC) model is introduced. The proposed approach is extended to include multiple AC and DC grids with arbitrary topologies. The DC grids can thereby interconnect arbitrary buses in one or more non-synchronized AC systems. The converter equations are derived in their most general format and correctly define all set-points with respect to the system bus instead of the converter or filter bus, which is often done to simplify calculations. The paper introduces a mathematical model to include the converter limits and discusses how the equations change when a transformerless operation is considered or when the converter filter is omitted. An AC/VSC MTDC power flow is implemented using MATPOWER to show the validity of the generalized power flow model.
Stenosis in hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula: Evaluation and treatment

Vascular access complications are one of the main causes associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality in stage 5 chronic kidney disease patients. The arteriovenous fistula is regarded as the vascular access of choice for hemodialysis (HD) because of its superior patency and lower complication rates. Stenosis is considered the major cause of dysfunction of arteriovenous fistula. Despite the relatively low thrombosis rates of arteriovenous fistula, surveillance programs are necessary for detection of stenosis. We report a case of a HD patient who had never achieved an adequate Kt/V since the start of maintenance HD. During the investigation, abnormal findings were found on physical examination of the fistula, in addition to an alteration in intra‐access pressure (IAP) measurements. A venous stenosis was diagnosed by Doppler ultrasound and then promptly treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. The purpose of the discussion is to highlight the peculiarities of arteriovenous fistulae, methods of surveillance, including physical examination, IAP, recirculation, and measurements of blood flow, and the importance of the correction procedures for the stenosis.
Performance evaluation of adaptive resource sharing strategies for UMTS multiservice mobiles

A multiservice transmission scheme, which combines voice, video, interactive games and signalling, is evaluated for the dedicated channel of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System. The transmission rate for each service is determined according to its QoS requirements by means of an adaptive transport format selection based on buffer occupation, delay requirements and target bit rate keeping power constraints. Video and games services are multiplexed in upper layers (logical channels) sharing a common transmission rate (transport channel). Two strategies to share this rate are evaluated. A system level simulator, implemented in C++, which includes propagation conditions, traffic and mobility models and results from a physical layer simulator, allows the performance of the proposed scheme to be evaluated.
Elastic and piezoelectric fields around a quantum dot : Fully coupled or semicoupled model ?

In the study of elastic and piezoelectric fields in semiconductors due to buried quantum dots ~QDs! , the semicoupled piezoelectric model is commonly adopted. However, its accuracy and suitability have never been studied. In this article, by developing a fully coupled piezoelectric model and deriving the analytical elastic and piezoelectric fields based on this and the semicoupled models, we are able to verify that when the piezoelectric coupling is weak, like GaAs with the electromechanical coupling factor g50.04, the semicoupled model predicts very accurate results as compared to those based on the fully coupled model. However, if the piezoelectric coupling is relatively strong, like AlN withg50.32, we have shown that the semicoupled model gives very serious errors or even totally wrong results. Applying these two models to a uniformly strained AlN layer grown along the polar axis has also confirmed our observation. Therefore, for semiconductors like AlN, the fully coupled model presented in this article must be employed in order to give a reliable and accurate prediction for the elastic and piezoelectric fields. Also presented in this article is the distribution of the piezoelectric field on the surface of a half-space GaAs due to a buried QD located at 2 nm below the surface with a volume 4 p/3 (nm). It is observed that the horizontal electric field on the traction-free and insulating surface shows some special features and its maximum magnitude can be as high as 3.5 310 V/m when the uniform mismatch eigenstrain is 0.07. Furthermore, the piezoelectric field on the traction-free and conducting surface exhibits different characters as compared to the traction-free and insulating case. © 2002 American Institute of Physics. @DOI: 10.1063/1.1448869 #
The clinical utility of contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiography for cerebrovascular disease

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiography (CEMRA) with an automated bolus-detection algorithm (SmartPrep technique) and the specialized phasedarray coils for the patients suspected cerebrovascular disease. Forty-three patients with brain attack were examined with CE-MRA. A tracker volume of SmartPrep technique was placed along the ascending aorta in the coronal image. After the bolus injection of gadolinium, an increase in signal that corresponded to the arrival of gadolinium was used to trigger centric re-ordered spoiled gradient echo arterial selective MRA with imaging time of 20-40 sec. We were able to achieve a 100% successful triggering rate of SmartPrep technique and selectively arterial-phase carotid and vertebral arteries with almost no venous contamination could be delineated. These techniques enabled high resolution imaging of entire craniocervical arteries from aortic arch to the circle of Willis. This CE-MRA was useful to evaluate both occlusion of arteries and the collateral pathways and to measure stenosis and residual flow of dissection accurately. CE-MRA was a reliable less-invasive alternative to investigate the patients of cerebrovascular disease. [Neurol Res 2001; 23: 767-771]
Identification of eukaryotic peptide deformylases reveals universality of N‐terminal protein processing mechanisms

The N‐terminal protein processing pathway is an essential mechanism found in all organisms. However, it is widely believed that deformylase, a key enzyme involved in this process in bacteria, does not exist in eukaryotes, thus making it a target for antibacterial agents such as actinonin. In an attempt to define this process in higher eukaryotes we have used Arabidopsis thaliana as a model organism. Two deformylase cDNAs, the first identified in any eukaryotic system, and six distinct methionine aminopeptidase cDNAs were cloned. The corresponding proteins were characterized in vivo and in vitro. Methionine aminopeptidases were found in the cytoplasm and in the organelles, while deformylases were localized in the organelles only. Our work shows that higher plants have a much more complex machinery for methionine removal than previously suspected. We were also able to identify deformylase homologues from several animals and clone the corresponding cDNA from human cells. Our data provide the first evidence that lower and higher eukaryotes, as well as bacteria, share a similar N‐terminal protein processing machinery, indicating universality of this system.
Broadband dual-frequency dual-polarization dielectric loaded antenna (DLA) for WiMAX and WLAN application

A compact, low cost dielectric loaded antenna (DLA) is presented for indoor WiMAX and WLAN application. The prototype antenna yields a bandwidth of 21.0% (3.4-4.2 GHz) and 27.6% (5.0-6.0 GHz) on vertical and horizonal linear polarizations. The isolation between two polarizations is better than 20 and 35 dB across the two bands. Furthermore, good broadside radiation patterns with moderate gain (4.7-6.5 dBi) are observed, and the cross-polarization levels are better than 25 dB at both E and H planes. This gives a cost-efficient solution for indoor base station operations.
Deg phenotype of Escherichia coli lon mutants

Deg. one of the Escherichia coli systems for degrading abnormal polypeptides (e.g., nonsense fragments), is also involved in the degradation of some classes of missense proteins. Both missense proteins of beta-galactosidase and temperature-sensitive phage products appear to be degraded by the Deg system. Mutations in the Deg system are indistinguishable from mutations classically called lon or capR; all map near proC, all are mucoid, defective in protein degradation, sensitive to radiomimetic agents, and defective in P1 lysogenization. All are able to propagate temperature-sensitive phage better than lon+ parental strains. Mutations that suppress the radiation sensitivity of these strains (sul) also suppress the P1 lysogenization defect, but do not affect mucoidy or the degradation defect.