Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adverse risk: a 'dynamic interaction model of patient moving and handling'.

AIM The aim of the present study was to examine patient adverse events associated with sub-optimal patient moving and handling. BACKGROUND Few studies have examined the patient's perspective on adverse risk during manual handling episodes. EVALUATION A narrative review was undertaken to develop the 'Dynamic Interaction Model of Patient Moving and Handling' in an orthopaedic rehabilitation setting, using peer-reviewed publications published in English between 1992 and 2010. KEY ISSUES Five predominant themes emerged from the narrative review: 'patient's need to know about analgesics prior to movement/ambulation'; 'comfort care'; 'mastery of and acceptance of mobility aids/equipment'; 'psychological adjustment to fear of falling'; and 'the need for movement to prevent tissue pressure damage'. CONCLUSION Prevalence of discomfort, pain, falls, pressure sores together with a specific Direct Instrument Nursing Observation (DINO) tool enable back care advisers to measure quality of patient manual handling. Evaluation of patients' use of mobility aids together with fear of falling may be important in determining patients' recovery trajectory. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Clinical governance places a responsibility on nurse managers to consider quality of care for their service users. 'Dynamic Interaction Model of Nurse-Patient Moving and Handling' provides back care advisers, clinical risk managers and occupational health managers with an alternative perspective to clinical risk and occupational risk.
Bronchoalveoläre Lavage bei Kindern mit malignen Erkrankungen, Immunsuppression, Fieber und Lungeninfiltraten

Bei geschwachter Abwehrlage wird die Morbiditat und Mortalitat wesentlich von pulmonalen Komplikationen mitbestimmt. Ein Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Zusammensetzung und Funktion des pulmonalen Surfactants unter diesen Bedingungen zu untersuchen. Dazu wur-den die bronchoalveolaren Lavageflussigkeiten von Kindern mit malignen Erkrankungen, Immunsuppression, pulmonalen Infiltraten und therapieresistentem Fieber mit denen von pulmonal gesunden Kindern verglichen. Die SP-A-Konzentration war in der Patientengruppe deutlich erhoht, seine Funktion schien jedoch kaum verandert. Wahrend auch die Werte fur das SP-C und die kleinen Surfactant-Aggregate bei den Patienten deutlich erhoht waren, gab es kaum Unterschiede bei SP-B, SP-D, den grosen Surfactant-Aggregaten und der Oberflachenaktivitat. Diese Daten lassen eine adaptiv gesteigerte lokale Abwehr und ein System zur Erhaltung der Oberflachenaktivitat unter den beschriebenen klinischen Bedingungen vermuten. Das zweite Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Entwicklung einer Methode zur Visualisierung von humanem SP-C mittels Immundetektion nach Dunnschichtchromatographie und Gelelektro-phorese. Eine quantitative Darstellung des SP-C in Lavageflussigkeiten war mit keinem der beiden Verfahren moglich, eine empfindliche semiquantitative Detektion von rekombinan-tem SP-C mittels Dunnschichtchromatographie konnte jedoch erreicht werden. Ein weiteres Ziel war es, die Lavageproteine von pulmonal gesunden Kindern und Patienten gemas ihrem Molekulargewicht und ihrem isoelektrischen Punkt zweidimensional darzustel-len, zu vergleichen und die besonders bei Kindern sehr begrenzten Mengen an Lavageflus-sigkeit besser nutzbar zu machen. Folgende signifikante Anderungen wurden beobachtet: Bei den Patienten war das a1-Antitrypsin vermehrt, der Anteil an Ig-bindendem Faktor, Transthyretin und Cystatin S schien jedoch vermindert zu sein. Im Bereich der kleinen sauren Proteine behinderte der relativ hohe Anteil an Immunglobulinketten die Separation und Identifikation einzelner Proteine. Diese Daten zeigen, dass es bei Kindern mit malig-nen Erkrankungen, Immunsuppression, pulmonalen Infiltraten und therapieresistentem Fieber deutliche Veranderungen in der Zusammensetzung der bronchoalveolaren Lavage-flussigkeit gibt. Eine Vorfraktionierung der Proben konnte fur die Identifikation der einzelnen Proteine ebenso hilfreich sein wie die Verwendung eines eng begrenzten pH-Bereiches bei der isoelektrischen Fokussierung. Diese Arbeit charakterisiert funktionelle und biochemische Aspekte des pulmonalen Sur-factantsystems bei Kindern mit malignen Erkrankungen, Immunsuppression, pulmonalen Infiltraten und therapieresistentem Fieber.
A comparative analysis of leadership skills development in Marine Corps training and education programs

Abstract : This thesis analyzes the perceptions of a non-random sample of 210 officers and enlisted Marines in two locations. A researcher -developed survey and semi-structured interviews were administered to ascertain opinions of Marines concerning leadership development. An analysis of the content of leadership training and education courses was also conducted. This information was compared to contemporary leadership theory and relevant models of leadership. In general, leadership development provided is adequate, but is lacking the some areas of skill development, application of skills and values, and relevancy to contemporary leadership issues. Professional Military Education (PME) generally provides relevant leadership training and education to enlisted personnel, but falls short of meeting the expectations of many officers.
Target of Rapamycin Complex 2 Regulates Actin Polarization and Endocytosis via Multiple Pathways*

Background: TORC2/Ypk1 regulates actin polarization and endocytosis via unknown effectors. Results: Pharmacological inhibition of TORC2 reveals that flippase kinases and biophysical properties of the plasma membrane are major effectors of TORC2. Conclusion: TORC2 regulates actin and endocytosis via multiple pathways, each with different signaling kinetics. Significance: Elucidation of TORC2 effector pathways in yeast will inform future studies in higher eukaryotes. Target of rapamycin is a Ser/Thr kinase that operates in two conserved multiprotein complexes, TORC1 and TORC2. Unlike TORC1, TORC2 is insensitive to rapamycin, and its functional characterization is less advanced. Previous genetic studies demonstrated that TORC2 depletion leads to loss of actin polarization and loss of endocytosis. To determine how TORC2 regulates these readouts, we engineered a yeast strain in which TORC2 can be specifically and acutely inhibited by the imidazoquinoline NVP-BHS345. Kinetic analyses following inhibition of TORC2, supported with quantitative phosphoproteomics, revealed that TORC2 regulates these readouts via distinct pathways as follows: rapidly through direct protein phosphorylation cascades and slowly through indirect changes in the tensile properties of the plasma membrane. The rapid signaling events are mediated in large part through the phospholipid flippase kinases Fpk1 and Fpk2, whereas the slow signaling pathway involves increased plasma membrane tension resulting from a gradual depletion of sphingolipids. Additional hits in our phosphoproteomic screens highlight the intricate control TORC2 exerts over diverse aspects of eukaryote cell physiology.
The response of untamed (unbroken) ponies to conditions of road transport

The response to a one-hour road journey was observed in 145 semi-feral ponies unused to handling. Ponies were transported singly or in groups of four or eight at a typical commercial ‘high’ stocking density or at a slightly reduced ‘low’ density (range 139 to 316 kg m−2). Blood samples were obtained for plasma biochemistry post transport. Behaviour during the journey of 40.2 miles was recorded using overhead video cameras. Analysis of these revealed that levels of aggression were lower in groups of four, as were the number of slips, falls, stumbles and collisions (SFSC). Within groups of four or eight, reduced stocking density was associated with lower levels of plasma cortisol and creatine kinase, reduced aggression and fewer SFSC. Levels of aggression pre-transit (observed over one hour the day before travel) were not predictive of aggression on the lorry. Single ponies were constrained to align at right angles to the direction of transport, whereas ponies transported in groups could also align forwards or backwards and were able to re-align themselves during transport especially at reduced stocking density. Of those transported singly, younger ponies showed separation anxiety, with highly-significantly greater levels of pawing and sniffing at the ground and increased packed cell volume. Thus, transporting young, untamed ponies singly is not recommended. A suitable maximum stocking density for ponies transported in groups would be approximately 200 kg m−2. However, minimum stocking density for grouped and single untamed ponies transported by road requires future investigation. Whilst stocking density was correlated with many of the variables measured during transport, stocking rate (animals per unit floor area) was not.
Multidomain Human Peroxidasin 1 Is a Highly Glycosylated and Stable Homotrimeric High Spin Ferric Peroxidase*

Background: Human peroxidasin 1 (hsPxd01) mediates the formation of sulfilimine cross-links within the collagen IV scaffold of basement membranes. Results: Overexpressed hsPxd01 contains covalently linked heme catalytically active for production of hypobromous acid. Conclusion: hsPxd01 has peroxidase-like active site structure but restricted substrate accessibility. Significance: Architecture of hsPxd01 facilitates product release and its interactions with the physiological substrate collagen IV. Human peroxidasin 1 (hsPxd01) is a multidomain heme peroxidase that uses bromide as a cofactor for the formation of sulfilimine cross-links. The latter confers critical structural reinforcement to collagen IV scaffolds. Here, hsPxd01 and various truncated variants lacking nonenzymatic domains were recombinantly expressed in HEK cell lines. The N-glycosylation site occupancy and disulfide pattern, the oligomeric structure, and unfolding pathway are reported. The homotrimeric iron protein contains a covalently bound ferric high spin heme per subunit with a standard reduction potential of the Fe(III)/Fe(II) couple of −233 ± 5 mV at pH 7.0. Despite sequence homology at the active site and biophysical properties similar to human peroxidases, the catalytic efficiency of bromide oxidation (kcat/KMapp) of full-length hsPxd01 is rather low but increased upon truncation. This is discussed with respect to its structure and proposed biosynthetic function in collagen IV cross-linking.
Convergence of Parkin, PINK1, and α-Synuclein on Stress-induced Mitochondrial Morphological Remodeling*

Background: Parkin is proposed to maintain mitochondrial QC through promoting mitophagy. Results: Under moderate mitochondrial stress conditions, parkin stimulates mitochondrial fusion instead of mitophagy by catalyzing K63-linked ubiquitination and inactivating α-synuclein. Conclusion: Parkin, PINK1, and α-synuclein form a regulatory circuit to regulate mitochondrial stress response. Significance: This study provides a physiological context to functionally connect key PARK genes in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease. Mutations in PARKIN (PARK2), an ubiquitin ligase, cause early onset Parkinson disease. Parkin was shown to bind, ubiquitinate, and target depolarized mitochondria for destruction by autophagy. This process, mitophagy, is considered crucial for maintaining mitochondrial integrity and suppressing Parkinsonism. Here, we report that under moderate mitochondrial stress, parkin does not translocate to mitochondria to induce mitophagy; rather, it stimulates mitochondrial connectivity. Mitochondrial stress-induced fusion requires PINK1 (PARK6), mitofusins, and parkin ubiquitin ligase activity. Upon exposure to mitochondrial toxins, parkin binds α-synuclein (PARK1), and in conjunction with the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Ubc13, stimulates K63-linked ubiquitination. Importantly, α-synuclein inactivation phenocopies parkin overexpression and suppresses stress-induced mitochondria fission, whereas Ubc13 inactivation abrogates parkin-dependent mitochondrial fusion. The convergence of parkin, PINK1, and α-synuclein on mitochondrial dynamics uncovers a common function of these PARK genes in the mitochondrial stress response and provides a potential physiological basis for the prevalence of α-synuclein pathology in Parkinson disease.
Vinorelbine and Docetaxel Combination as the First Line Treatment in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer: Results of a Multi-centric Phase II Trial in Iran

Introduction: We conducted a multi-centric phase II study to evaluate the tumor response and safety of the combination of vinorelbin and docetaxel in treatment of metastatic breast cancer patients. Patients and methods: Forty one metastatic breast cancer patients, who had at least one measurable lesion and had not been treated for metastasis before, were enrolled from March 2006 to June 2009. Treatment contained vinorelbine 25mg/m2 IV and docetaxel 30mg/m2 at day 1 and 8. Cycles were repeated every 21 days for 6 cycles. We evaluated response to chemotherapy every three weeks and toxicity every week. Results: The mean age of patients was 50.4 years (range 30-81). Twenty eight patients (68.2%) had received prior neoadjuvant anthracycline based chemotherapy. No patient had received adjuvant chemotherapy within the last 3 months. Twenty four patients (58.3%) had two or more metastatic sites. Thirty six patients were evaluable for their response. An objective tumor response (either complete response or partial response) was achieved in 32 (88.8%) and complete response was seen in 9 (25%) patients. Thirteen patients (31.6%) developed grade 3-4 neutropenia and neutropenic fever was reported in 11 (26.8%). Grade 3 anemia was observed in 1 patient (2.4%). No grade 4 non-hematological toxicity was noted and the most frequent grade 3 non-hematological toxicities were hair loss (39%), stomatitis (7.3%) and diarrhea (4.8%). Median time to progression was 7 months and median overall survival was 11 months. Conclusion: Vinorelbine-docetaxel combination shows a considerable tumor response and manageable toxicity as the first line treatment for metastatic breast cancer. It seems logical to conduct phase III trials to further evaluate this regimen. Key words: Metastatic breast cancer, chemotherapy, vinorelbine, docetaxel.
Enhancing H2 uptake by "close-packing" alignment of open copper sites in metal-organic frameworks.

Inspired by close-packing of spheres, to strengthen the framework-H{sub 2} interaction in MOFs (metal-organic frameworks), a strategy is devised to increase the number of nearest neighboring open metal sites ofe ach H{sub 2}-hosting cage, and to align the open metal sites toward the H{sub 2} molecules. Two MOF polymorphs were made, one exhibiting a record high hydrogen uptake of 3.0 wt% at 1 bar and 77 k.
Suplatast Tosilate for Prophylaxis of Pediatric Atopy

The onset of asthma may be related to Th2 cytokine dominance at the time when food allergies occur several months after birth. This study investigated the effectiveness of early intervention with a Th2 cytokine inhibitor (suplatast tosilate) for prevention of asthma in infants with food allergies and atopic dermatitis. Suplatast tosilate dry syrup (6 mg/kg daily) or a histamine H1-blocker (ketotifen fumarate dry syrup: 0.06 mg/kg daily) was administered randomly to 53 infants with atopic dermatitis caused by food allergies. The primary endpoints were the incidence of asthma and the time to the onset of wheezing. The peripheral blood Th1/Th2 ratio, total IgE level, and eosinophil count were measured before and after treatment. After 24 months of treatment, the prevalence of asthma was significantly lower in the suplatast group (20.8%) than in the ketotifen group (65.6%, p < 0.01). Additionally, the time from the start of treatment to the initial episode of wheezing for infants who developed asthma was significantly longer in the suplatast group than the ketotifen group (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the eosinophil count was significantly decreased by suplatast treatment (p < 0.05), and there was a significant difference between the suplatast and ketotifen groups with respect to both the eosinophil count (p < 0.01) and the Th1/Th2 ratio (p < 0.05). The results of the present pilot study suggest that suplatast tosilate is useful for the primary prevention of wheezing and asthma in children.
Suppression of RIP3-dependent Necroptosis by Human Cytomegalovirus

Background: Viral suppressors of RHIM-dependent activation of pro-necrotic RIP3 kinase are crucial for successful infection in mice. Results: Human CMV blocks TNF-induced and murine CMV-induced necroptosis after RIP3 activation. Conclusion: Necrotic membrane leakage is blocked in infected cells despite the activation of MLKL. Significance: Viral inhibition of necroptosis will facilitate understanding of the final steps in this pathway. Necroptosis is an alternate programmed cell death pathway that is unleashed by caspase-8 compromise and mediated by receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3). Murine cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) encode caspase-8 inhibitors that prevent apoptosis together with competitors of RIP homotypic interaction motif (RHIM)-dependent signal transduction to interrupt the necroptosis. Here, we show that pro-necrotic murine CMV M45 mutant virus drives virus-induced necroptosis during nonproductive infection of RIP3-expressing human fibroblasts, whereas WT virus does not. Thus, M45-encoded RHIM competitor, viral inhibitor of RIP activation, sustains viability of human cells like it is known to function in infected mouse cells. Importantly, human CMV is shown to block necroptosis induced by either TNF or M45 mutant murine CMV in RIP3-expressing human cells. Human CMV blocks TNF-induced necroptosis after RIP3 activation and phosphorylation of the mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) pseudokinase. An early, IE1-regulated viral gene product acts on a necroptosis step that follows MLKL phosphorylation prior to membrane leakage. This suppression strategy is distinct from RHIM signaling competition by murine CMV or HSV and interrupts an execution process that has not yet been fully elaborated.
ENCEFALITIS EQUINA VENEZOLANA. REVISION.

La encefalomielitis equina venezolana (EEV) es una de las infecciones virales del sistema nervioso mas serias, ya que tiene una rapida y amplia distribucion geografica y hasta puede producir secuelas como retardo mental, demencia, amnesia, aborto, epilepsia e hidroanencefalia en humanos y animales infectados. Esta infeccion se localiza principalmente en dos tejidos: linfohematopoyetico y nervioso. El virus de la EEV tiene una especial actividad citopatica sobre las celulas nerviosas (glia y neuronas) mientras que las lesiones que produce en la mielina probablemente son una consecuencia de la respuesta inmune del huesped. Las alteraciones producidas por el virus de la EEV en los diferentes tipos neuronales, pueden dar origen a modificaciones en las concentraciones de diversos neurotransmisores y sus receptores localizados en la membrana plasmatica. Otros cambios bioquimicos reportados parecen ser debidos al efecto citopatico del virus.
The Effect of Conventional Occupational Therapy with the Use of Hip Orthotic on Improving the Balance of Children with Spastic Diplegia

Background: Improving the balance in children with spastic diplegia is the main core of rehabilitation programs after acquiring independent gait. Due to the importance of balance in the establishment of independence in performing activities of daily living, this study investigates the effect of conventional occupational therapy with the use of hip orthotic on improving balance of children suffering from cerebral palsy. Methods : this research includes 24 children with spastic diplegia who divided into two groups ranged from 5 to 12 years, which were chosen by convenience sampling method. The subjects undertook conventional Occupational Therapy 3 times a week for 8 weeks, but the control group beside the conventional occupational therapy received a hip orthotic during sessions. The Balance of children was assessed by Berg balance scale, Muscle tone was measured by Modified Ashworth Scale, and the range of Hip abduction was measured by Goniometer method. The paired t-test, independent t-test, and Analysis covariance was used to analyze the data and check the assumptions. Results : The results showed that after the intervention period, the functional balance showed a significant increase (p 0.0001) did not show a significant increase. Conclusion : The simultaneous use of occupational therapy with hip orthotic could improve the level of balance in children with spastic diplegia.
The effect of gravitational correction on shoulder internal and external rotation strength

Objective: To study the influence of gravitational correction on the internal (IR) and external rotators (ER) shoulder strength. Methods: The IR and ER isokinetic strength, measured in 30 ◦ scapation, was evaluated concentrically at 60 and 240 ◦ /s and eccentrically at 60 ◦ /s in 33 healthy volunteers. Strength scores were expressed either by incorporating gravitational correction (GC) or without it. Results: With GC, IR strength was significantly lower and ER strength significantly higher than without incorporation of this procedure. Conclusion: The GC procedure has a significant influence on IR and ER strength and should be incorporated when strength deficits of the rotator cuff are expected.
Factor B Is the Second Lipopolysaccharide-binding Protease Zymogen in the Horseshoe Crab Coagulation Cascade*

Background: It is not known whether LPS is required for the activation of coagulation factor B. Results: Factor B is an LPS-binding zymogen activated by α-factor C in an LPS-dependent manner. Conclusion: The clip domain of factor B has an important role in localizing factor B to LPS. Significance: Horseshoe crab coagulation is an ideal model for understanding proteolytic cascades. Factor B is a serine-protease zymogen in the horseshoe crab coagulation cascade, and it is the primary substrate for activated factor C, the LPS-responsive initiator of the cascade. Factor C is autocatalytically activated to α-factor C on LPS and is artificially converted to β-factor C, another activated form, by chymotrypsin. It is not known, however, whether LPS is required for the activation of factor B. Here we found that wild-type factor B expressed in HEK293S cells is activated by α-factor C, but not by β-factor C, in an LPS-dependent manner and that β-factor C loses the LPS binding activity of factor C through additional cleavage by chymotrypsin within the N-terminal LPS-binding region. Surface plasmon resonance and quartz crystal microbalance analyses revealed that wild-type factor B binds to LPS with high affinity comparable with that of factor C, demonstrating that factor B is the second LPS-binding zymogen in the cascade. An LPS-binding site of wild-type factor B was found in the N-terminal clip domain, and the activation rate of a clip domain deletion mutant was considerably slower than that of wild-type factor B. Moreover, in the presence of LPS, Triton X-100 inhibited the activation of wild-type factor B by α-factor C. We conclude that the clip domain of factor B has an important role in localizing factor B to the surface of Gram-negative bacteria or LPS released from bacteria to initiate effective proteolytic activation by α-factor C.