Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parasite‐encoded Hsp40 proteins define novel mobile structures in the cytosol of the P. falciparum‐infected erythrocyte

Plasmodium falciparum is predicted to transport over 300 proteins to the cytosol of its chosen host cell, the mature human erythrocyte, including 19 members of the Hsp40 family. Here, we have generated transfectant lines expressing GFP‐ or HA‐Strep‐tagged versions of these proteins, and used these to investigate both localization and other properties of these Hsp40 co‐chaperones. These fusion proteins labelled punctate structures within the infected erythrocyte, initially suggestive of a Maurer's clefts localization. Further experiments demonstrated that these structures were distinct from the Maurer's clefts in protein composition. Transmission electron microscopy verifies a non‐cleft localization for HA‐Strep‐tagged versions of these proteins. We were not able to label these structures with BODIPY–ceramide, suggesting a lower size and/or different lipid composition compared with the Maurer's clefts. Solubility studies revealed that the Hsp40–GFP fusion proteins appear to be tightly associated with membranes, but could be released from the bilayer under conditions affecting membrane cholesterol content or organization, suggesting interaction with a binding partner localized to cholesterol‐rich domains. These novel structures are highly mobile in the infected erythrocyte, but based on velocity calculations, can be distinguished from the ‘highly mobile vesicles’ previously described. Our study identifies a further extra‐parasitic structure in the P. falciparum‐infected erythrocyte, which we name ‘J‐dots’ (as their defining characteristic so far is the content of J‐proteins). We suggest that these J‐dots are involved in trafficking of parasite‐encoded proteins through the cytosol of the infected erythrocyte.
Limits to the capacity of transplants of olfactory glia to promote axonal regrowth in the CNS

Olfactory bulb ensheathing cell (OBEC) transplants promoted axonal regeneration in the spinal cord dorsal root entry zone and in the corticospinal tract. However, OBECs failed to promote abducens internuclear neuron axon regeneration when transplanted at the site of nerve fibre transection. In experiments performed in both cats and rats, OBECs survived for up to 2 months, lining themselves up along the portion of the regrowing axons proximal to the interneuron cell body. However, OBECs migrated preferentially towards abducens somata, in the direction opposite to the oculomotor nucleus target. OBECs seem to promote nerve fibre regeneration only where preferred direction of glial migration coincides with the direction of axonal growth towards its target.
Family-of-Origin Characteristics in Bipolar Disorder: A Controlled Study

Objective: To assess the family-of-origin characteristics of patients with bipolar disorder relative to those of control subjects. Method: Fifty-six euthymic patients meeting research diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorder and 21 control subjects completed the Family Environment Scale (FES) for the family they grew up with. Results: The 2 groups showed strikingly similar profiles on 10 indices of family functioning or structure. Conclusions: The results do not support the hypothesis that specific family attributes contribute to the development of bipolar disorder.
Modeling the functional development of human visual motion area MT+

Area MT+ is a patch of middle temporal cortex that plays a critical role in our ability to perceive motion in the visual modality. Recent neuroimaging studies of congenitally blind adults suggest that this brain area can “learn” to represent auditory motion, but only when individuals are deprived of visual input from birth. Here I present a parallel distributed processing network that behaves similarly to area MT+. Its internal connection weights are such that it is able to compute the direction of motion by comparing the locations of two sequentially-presented visual inputs. Trained on visual + auditory input, it continues to respond only to visual motion. In the absence of visual inputs, it learns to detect motion in auditory inputs. My network is characterized by innate processing biases, coupled with a capacity for flexibility. I argue that this implementation is a plausible model of the neural network that constitutes area MT+.
Single Neural Progenitor Cells Derived from EGFP Expressing Mice is Useful After Spinal Cord Injury in Mice

Neural stem cells (NSCs) were widely used for studying the cell's replacement after transplantation in nervous system because of its specific characteristics. However, Stracing the cells after transplantation was still a problem. In the present study, we isolated and cultured the neural stem cells from the C57BL/6J EGFP transgenic mouse (EGFP mice), and identified the capacity for self-renewal and differentiation into the three CNS lineages (neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes). Then we transplanted the single neural stem cell into the lesion spinal cord. Expression of GFP and differentiation was evaluated at two weeks post-transplantation. The data showed that these neural stem cells derived from the EGFP mice could maintain transgene expression and could differentiate into the MAP2 positive cells after transplantation into the injured spinal cord. The results suggested that NSC expressing EGFP was a useful marker for tracing the cells after transplantation in vivo and functional in the treatment to spinal cord injury.
Growth hormone (GH) suppression of catecholamine turnover in the chicken hypothalamus: implications for GH autoregulation.

GH administered centrally or peripherally inhibits basal or secretagogue-induced GH secretion in domestic fowl. Since the release of pituitary GH is neurally regulated by the hypothalamus, GH autoregulation may be mediated by changes in the content or metabolism of hypothalamic monoamines. When chicken GH (500 micrograms/kg body weight) was injected i.v. into laying hens, tissue catecholamine (adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine) concentrations in the preoptic area (POA) and medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) were depleted for 2-24 h, as were concentrations of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, a dopamine metabolite. The serotonin (5-HT) content of the POA and MBH was unaffected by i.v. GH administration, although a reduction in MBH 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid suggested a tissue-specific inhibition of 5-HT turnover. Qualitatively similar results were observed in laying hens 24 h after the intracerebroventricular injection of chicken GH (10 micrograms/bird). These results therefore demonstrate aminergic actions of GH within the chicken hypothalamus which may mediate GH autoregulation. However, as amine metabolism is not only suppressed when endogenous GH secretion is reduced, but also at times when normal GH secretion is restored, these aminergic effects may also reflect other actions of GH on central function.
The Human Origin Recognition Complex Protein 1 Dissociates from Chromatin during S Phase in HeLa Cells*

We investigated the association of human origin recognition complex (ORC) proteins hOrc1p and hOrc2p with chromatin in HeLa cells. Independent procedures including limited nuclease digestion and differential salt extraction of isolated nuclei showed that a complex containing hOrc1p and hOrc2p occurs in a nuclease-resistant compartment of chromatin and can be eluted with moderate high salt concentrations. A second fraction of hOrc2p that dissociates in vitro at low salt conditions was found to occur in a chromatin compartment characterized by its high accessibility to micrococcal nuclease. Functional differences between these two sites become apparent in HeLa cells that synchronously enter the S phase after a release from a double-thymidine block. The hOrc1p/hOrc2p-containing complexes dissociate from their chromatin sites during S phase and reassociate at the end of mitosis. In contrast, the fraction of hOrc2p in nuclease-accessible, more open chromatin remains bound during all phases of the cell cycle. We propose that the hOrc1p/hOrc2p-containing complexes are components of the human origin recognition complex. Thus, the observed cell cycle-dependent release of the hOrc1p/hOrc2p-containing complexes is in line with previous studies with Xenopus andDrosophila systems, which indicated that a change in ORC stability occurs after prereplication complex formation. This could be a powerful mechanism that prevents the rereplication of already replicated chromatin in the metazoan cell cycle.
Going live with tumor exosomes and microvesicles

ABSTRACT Tumor extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, emerged as key drivers of the pro-tumorigenic dialog between the tumor mass and its microenvironment by mediating long and short distance communication. In vitro studies defined the capacity of tumor EVs to modify the phenotypes of stromal and tumor cells. These studies are now supported by a growing number of functional in vivo experiments. Remarkably, they allowed the identification of a new role for tumor EVs in priming the pre-metastatic niches (PMN). Several molecules transported in tumor EVs (RNAs and proteins) have recently been found to be essential for tumor progression and metastasis in vivo. In parallel, novel EV labeling and tracking strategies have very recently allowed the first descriptions of tumor EVs in vivo and pave the way for a better understanding of their function in realistic pathophysiological contexts. Here, we review the functional approaches and the recent progress in in vivo imaging of EVs, which have refined our understanding of the role played by tumor EVs. Finally, we emphasize the remaining challenges and open questions related to the biology of tumor EVs.
Transmission of HIV-1 minority-resistant variants and response to first-line antiretroviral therapy

Background:The transmission of drug-resistant HIV-1 can impair the virological response to antiretroviral therapy. Minority-resistant variants have been detected in acute seroconverters. We investigated the clinical relevance of the detection of majority and minority-resistant variants in an observational study in antiretroviral therapy naive, recently infected patients. Methods:We included patients infected between 1996 and 2005, with a plasma sample obtained less than 18 months after seroconversion and prior to antiretroviral therapy initiation. Majority-resistant variants were determined by direct population sequencing. Minority-resistant variants were searched by allele-specific PCR for the mutations K103N and M184V in reverse transcriptase and L90M in protease. The association between resistance and viroimmunological response to antiretroviral therapy was estimated by using a piecewise linear mixed model. Results:Majority-resistant variants were detected in 23/172 (13.4%) patients. Patients with majority-resistant variants had a lower mean plasma viral load and higher mean CD4 cell count at baseline compared with those without resistance. The decrease in viral load between 1 and 6 months on antiretroviral therapy was significantly steeper in patients with sensitive viruses compared with those with majority-resistant variants (P = 0.029). Minority-resistant variants were detected in 21/73 (29%) patients with wild-type viruses at sequencing analysis. The presence of minority-resistant variants did not modify baseline viral load and CD4 cell count and did not affect the changes in viral load and CD4 cell count. Conclusion:The transmission of majority-resistant variants, but not minority-resistant variants, influenced the response to antiretroviral therapy in this prospective study. The detection of the transmission of minority-resistant variants warrants further clinical validation.
A SEARCH MODEL OF EARLY EMPLOYMENT CAREERS AND YOUTH CRIME

The school to work transition and the early career path can be di cult for disadvantaged youth. Their labor market is usually studied ignoring the presence of the criminal sector, and yet a large share of them participate in crime. To study these outcomes jointly and explore how they relate, I build and estimate a two-sector search model allowing for a rich set of interactions between the two sectors. I estimate the model using a panel dataset of young o enders, the Pathways to Desistance. Search frictions in the legal labor sector are found to be signi cant, with these individuals being o ered low-quality jobs that are characterized by short durations, low earnings, and large destruction rates. The criminal sector provides an attractive alternative to the legal labor sector, o ering an earnings premium. I nd that there are sizable interactions across sectors, and that policies in one sector can have important implications in the other sector. ∗Email address: mmanci3@uwo.ca. I am greatly indebted to my committee members Audra Bowlus, Lance Lochner, Salvador Navarro, and David Rivers for their support and guidance in developing my research. I thank Joseph Mullins and Diego Salazar for helpful discussions and comments. I would also like to thank seminar participants at the University of Western Ontario, and conference participants at the 2017 UM-MSU-UWO Labor Day Conference and the 2016 Canadian Economic Association Annual Meetings. Data used for this project were supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse through a cooperative agreement that calls for scienti c collaboration between the grantees and the National Institute on Drug Abuse sta . All errors are my own.
On deflecting wrinkles and the Dryopithecus pattern in human mandibular molars.

The utility of the traditional Dryopithecus pattern observations on mandibular molars in hominid dental analysis has been challenged recently from several points of view. Both fossil and contemporary evidence suggest the independence of cusp number and groove pattern on mandibular molars and the quality of dentitions which are normally available for study make it difficult to determine both aspects of pattern (cusp number, groove pattern) equally. Now this paper shows that one of the polymorphisms on the occlusal surface of mandibular molars, the “deflecting wrinkle,” may be responsible for the spurious appearance of a Y molar pattern. It presence serves to insure a “2–3 contact” and hence the identification of the Y molar pattern. While seldom reported in traditional dental data, the wrinkle varies in frequency from 7% in South African white first permanent molars to 78.5% in Bushmen. Elsewhere, Hanihara has proposed that it be considered part of the “Mongoloid dental complex”.
A Validation of the Role of Preschool Phonological and Orthographic Skills in the Prediction of Reading

Two cohorts of children were followed to determine whether tests of phonological awareness (Syllable Tapping), orthographic processing (Visual Matching), and serial naming speed (RAN Objects), added to a preschool battery, would improve prediction of reading. The major predictors of first-grade reading and spelling were preschool letter naming and sentence memory for both cohorts, but the orthographic and serial naming tasks added a small amount of additional variance. Sentence memory accounted for the most variance in second-grade reading for both cohorts, and Visual Matching made contributions to reading and spelling for each cohort. Sentence memory, Visual Matching, and color naming together yielded an 87% to 90% hit rate in predicting which individual children would be good or poor readers. The orthographic and serial naming speed tasks are useful additions to a preschool predictive battery, but recommendations are that alternative preschool phonological tasks, not based on syllable recognition, should be used to predict reading.
Analysis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by IS1181 profiling

Variation in the genomic location and copy number of the insertion element IS1181 in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was investigated. Sixty-three isolates representing the Jevons type strain (NCTC 10442), phage-propagating strains, and epidemic strains were examined. A PCR amplicon of the insertion element was used to probe genomic restriction endonuclease digests. HindIII genomic digests gave 25 distinct IS1181 patterns, while EcoRI digests gave 20 patterns. EMRSA-01, -02, -04, -06, -07, -09, -10, -11, -13 and -14 contained the element but could not be subtyped by profiling it. EMRSA-16 did not contain IS1181, consistent with a unique evolutionary origin for this major UK epidemic strain. Marked heterogeneity was observed among isolates of EMRSA-03. Each EMRSA-03 strain examined gave a unique pattern, thereby allowing subtyping of an important epidemic phage type for the purposes of hospital cross-infection control.
Online parameter calibration for energy discrimination in trans-PET

The all digital PET system is attracting more and more attentions due to its flexibility, scalability, reusability and upgradability. Based on the Trans-PET formerly developed by us, we are trying to fulfill online parameter calibration of the all digital PET system. The ability of thorough and quick online parameter calibration will make the system well adaptive to application variation, environment disturbance, system upgrading or even the structure reforming. In this paper, we introduced the online calibration mechanism to realize accurate energy discrimination in the detector module, as the initial results of our endeavors. The results showed that nearly 45% data was discarded, most of which were scatter events. Accurate and flexible energy discrimination was achieved, without clogging the system transmission media. In addition, it costs almost nothing other than very little computation and memory resources.
vHNF1 is a homeoprotein that activates transcription and forms heterodimers with HNF1.

vHNF1 and HNF1 are two nuclear proteins that bind to an essential element in the promoter proximal sequences of albumin and of many other liver‐specific genes. HNF1 predominates in hepatocytes but is absent in dedifferentiated hepatoma cells. These cells contain vHNF1 but fail to express most of the liver traits. In the present work we have isolated cDNA clones for vHNF1 and found that it is a homeoprotein homologous to HNF1 in regions important for DNA binding. Unexpectedly, vHNF1 transactivated the albumin promoter in transfection experiments. Like the HNF1 mRNA, the vHNF1 message was found in kidney, liver and intestine although in different proportions. The fact that vHNF1 and HNF1 readily form heterodimers in vitro and the biochemical characterization of vHNF1/HNF1 heterodimers in nuclear extracts of kidney, liver and several cell lines, strongly argue that such heterodimers exist in vivo. Our results raise the possibility that heterodimerization between homeoproteins could be a common phenomenon in higher eukaryotes, which may have implications in the regulatory network sustained between these factors.
Invasive breast cancers detected by screening mammography: A detailed comparison of computer‐aided detection‐assisted single reading and double reading

To compare double reading plus arbitration for discordance, (currently best practice, (BP)) with computer‐aided‐detection (CAD)‐assisted single reading (CAD‐R) for detection of invasive cancers detected within BreastScreen Australia. Secondarily, to examine characteristics of cancers detected/rejected using each method. Mammograms of 157 randomly selected double‐read invasive cancers were mixed 1:9 with normal cancers (total 1569), all detected in a BreastScreen service. Cancers were detected by two readers or one reader (C2 and C1 cancers, ratio 70:30%) in the program. The 1569 film‐screen mammograms were read by two radiologists (reader A (RA) and reader B(RB)), with findings recorded before and after CAD. Discordant findings with BP were resolved by arbitration. We compared CAD‐assisted reading (CAD‐RA, CAD‐RB) with BP, and CAD and arbitration contribution to findings. We correlated cancer size, sensitivity and mammographic density with detection methods. BP sensitivity 90.4% compared with CAD‐RA sensitivity 86.6% (P = 0.12) and CAD‐RB 94.3% (P = 0.14). CAD‐RB specificity was less than BP (P = 0.01). CAD sensitivity was 93%, but readers rejected most positive CAD prompts. After CAD, reader's sensitivity increased 1.9% and specificity dropped 0.2% and 0.8%. Arbitration decreased specificity 4.7%. Receiving operator curves analysis demonstrated BP accuracy better than CAD‐RA, borderline significance (P = 0.07), but not CAD‐RB. Secondarily, cancer size was similar for BP and CAD‐R. Cancers recalled after arbitration (P = 0.01) and CAD‐R (P = 0.10) were smaller. No difference in cancer size or sensitivity between reading methods was found with increasing breast density. CAD‐R and BP sensitivity and cancer detection size were not significantly different. CAD‐R specificity was significantly lower for one reader.
Management of Atopic Dermatitis in the Pediatric Population

Atopic dermatitis, one of the most common skin disorders in young children, has a prevalence of 10% to 20% in the first decade of life. It is a chronic illness that requires a multifaceted treatment strategy in the setting of limited therapeutic options. Balancing safety concerns with efficacious treatment is of particular importance in the pediatric population. Parents of patients with atopic dermatitis turn to their primary caregivers for guidance regarding this physically demanding and psychologically stressful condition. In addition to serving as a review of atopic dermatitis, this article delves into the state-of-the-art therapeutic options and includes a detailed review of the differences between topical corticosteroids and topical calcineurin inhibitors. We also discuss new treatment strategies that are being used by atopic dermatitis specialists, such as comprehensive “education-as-intervention” models, wet wraps, bleach baths, and systemic immunomodulatory therapies.
Trichome micromorphology in drupe of Amygdalus L. (Rosaceae) from Iran.

For delimitation of species and systematic resolution, pericarp indumentum in drupe of 17 species and two hybrids of the genus Amygdalus L. representing two subgenera and two sections distributed in Iran were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to assess whether in this genus, pericarp micromorphological characters are of taxonomic value. The pericarp indumentum type is velutinous with different density of trichomes. Glabrous pericarp was observed in A. reticulata Runemark ex Khatamsaz solely. All trichomes are simple. Two basic types of trichomes were distinguished on the surface of peicarp: tubular and flattened. Among those, tubular trichomes are more frequent than other trichome in most species except for A. kotschyi Boiss. & Hohen. , A. eburnea Spach, A. spinosissima Bge. subsp. spinosissima and A. lycioides Spach var. lycioides . Density of trichomes was variable among the studied taxa. In the first subgenus (subgen. Amygdalus ) with two sections, there was enough difference between sections. While density of trichomes in sect. Spartioides Spach was very low, most of species in the another section, sect. Amygdalus showed dense pericarp indumentum. Regarding density, the second subgenus, subgen. Dodecandra (Spach) Browicz showed dense indumentum. Two studied hybrids, A. × keredjensis Browicz and A. × kamiaranensis Khatamsaz & Assadi showed different pericarp indumentum, dense and sparse one, respectively. In conclusion, micromorphological investigation of pericarp indumentum in drupe is a useful tool for separating of taxa in some cases especially of the two sections in the first subgenus in Amygdalus .