Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emotion Regulation Modulates Dietary Decision-Making via Activity in the Prefrontal–Striatal Valuation System

Abstract The consumption of indulgent, carbohydrate- and fat-rich foods is often used as a strategy to cope with negative affect because they provide immediate self-reward. Such dietary choices, however, can severely affect people’s health. One countermeasure could be to improve one’s emotion regulation ability. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the neural activity underlying the downregulation of incidental emotions and its effect on subsequent food choices. We investigated whether emotion regulation leads to healthier food choices and how emotion regulation interacts with the brain’s valuation and decision-making circuitry. We found that 1) the downregulation of incidental negative emotions was associated with a subsequent selective increase in decisions for tasty but also for healthy foods, 2) food preferences were predicted by palatability but also by the current emotional state, and 3) emotion regulation modulated decision-related activation in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum. These results indicate that emotional states are indeed important for food choice and that the process of emotion regulation might boost the subsequent processing of health attributes, possibly via neural reward circuits. In consequence, our findings suggest that increasing emotion regulation ability could effectively modulate food choices by stimulating an incidental upvaluation of health attributes.
The face validity of an initial sub-typology of people with autism spectrum disorders detained in psychiatric hospitals

Autistic adults who have a history of committing crimes present a major problem for providers of services in terms of legal disposal options and possible interventions, and greater understanding of this group and their associated needs is required. For this reason, we aimed to investigate the face validity of a proposed sub-typology of autistic adults detained in secure psychiatric hospitals in the United Kingdom. Initially, a focus group was completed with psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, healthcare workers, family members and autistic adults who had been detained in hospital, leading to revisions of the sub-typology. Following this, a consensus rating exercise of 10 clinical vignettes based on this sub-typology with three rounds was completed with 15 psychiatrists and clinical psychologists; revisions to the vignettes to improve clarity were made following each round. The findings indicated that these subtypes possess face validity and raters were able to classify all 10 clinical case vignettes into the sub-typology, and percentage of agreement ranged from 96% to 100% for overall subtype classification. This study suggests that the further validity of the sub-typology should be investigated within a larger study, as these subtypes have the potential to directly inform the hospital care pathway such that length of stay can be minimised. Lay abstract Autistic adults who have a history of committing crimes pose challenges for the criminal justice system in terms of disposal and treatment. For this reason, we investigated the validity of a proposed sub-typology of autistic adults detained in secure psychiatric hospitals. Initially, we ran a focus group with psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, healthcare workers, family members and autistic adults who had been detained in hospital to consider a sub-typology of autistic adults who may come into contact with secure psychiatric hospitals. We asked 15 psychiatrists and clinical psychologists to rate 10 clinical vignettes based on our sub-typology with three rounds; revisions to the vignettes to improve clarity were made following each round. The findings indicated that these subtypes possess face validity and raters were able to classify all 10 clinical case vignettes into the sub-typology and percentage of agreement ranged from 96% to 100% for overall subtype classification. The findings suggested that the further validity of the sub-typology should be investigated within a larger study using a clinical sample. These subtypes may help inform treatment and care pathways within hospital.
Dunaliella salina: A model System for Studying the Response of Plant Cells to Stress

This review focuses on the biochemical and physiological response of the halotolerant green alga, Dunaliella salina, to conditions of stress. It is now well established that in response to stress, cells of Dunaliella salina var. bardawil show increased glycerol production, massive ^-carotene accumulation and enhanced abscisic acid metabolism. In this respect, cellular responses are regulatory and seem to depend on a diversity of mechanisms which may be linked to a modification of the abscisic acid balance. Dunaliella lacks a rigid cell wall and the cellular contents are enclosed by an elastic plasma membrane that permits rapid cell volume changes in response to extracellular changes in osmolarity. Based on the 'stretch activated ion channels model' reviewed recently by Kirst (1990) we propose the following cascade of responses: volume change/distortion of plasmalemma -> change in pH-> redistribution of abscisic acid->inhibition of H+-ATPase->[increased abscisic acid levels]-> opening of Ca2+ channels->influx of Ca2 + ->rise in cytosolic Ca2 + ^[increased abscisic acid levels]-»effect on metabolism (activity of enzymes).
APOPTOTIC ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF MORINGA OLEIFERA ROOT BARK ON HUMAN MYELOID LEUKEMIA CELLS VIA ACTIVATION OF CASPASE CASCADE

Identification of cytotoxic compounds that induce apoptosis has been the mainstay of anti-cancer therapeutics. The plant Moringa oleifera Lam. (family: Moringaceae) is widely used in Indian traditional medicine as a broad spectrum medicine. The ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera root bark (EMORB) and its fraction F1 & F2 showed significant anti-leukemic activity in human leukemic cell lines with EMORB- IC50 of 30. 22µg/ ml, and 28. 29µg/ml, F1-9. 73µg/ ml, and 10. 23µg/ml and F2-8. 56µg/ ml, and 9. 12µg/ml in U937 & K562 cell lines respectively. EMORB treated leukemic cells showed chromatin condensation, apoptotic body formation and increased Caspase 9 and 3 production indicating apoptosis. Confocal microscopy images showed externalization of phosphatidylserine from inner leaflet to outer leaflet of the cell membrane in EMORB treated both the human myeloid leukemic cell lines. Flow Cytometric analysis showed appreciable number of cells in early apoptotic stage and the cells cycle study revealed that leukemic cells accumulated in the G0/G1 phase as well as in G2/M phase; the cell cycle was halted in this phase and the DNA content decreased in other phases. The results obtained indicate that root bark extract of Moringa oleifera plant and its fractions possess potent anti-leukemic activity against U937 & K562 cell lines.
Papillary Breast Lesions: Association with Malignancy and Upgrade Rates on Surgical Excision

Intraductal papilloma falls under the category of benign breast mass. However, recent studies show that it can harbor occult carcinoma. The management of benign intraductal papilloma remains controversial because of its nonspecific radiologic and histological findings, as well as its association with surrounding malignant pathology. The purpose of this study is to investigate upgrade rates of a benign intraductal papilloma on surgical excision and the need for surgical excision of papillary lesions diagnosed at core needle biopsy. A retrospective review of a single institution's pathology database between 2011 and 2015 identified 43 core biopsies with benign papilloma. We followed the upgrade rates of these lesions on surgical excision. There were 90 biopsies with the diagnosis of benign intraductal papilloma. The average age was 55.2 (range from 24–87 years old). Forty-three had benign intraductal papilloma; 28 of the 43 core biopsies had surgical excision. Two (7.1%) had an upgrade from benign intraductal papilloma to intraductal papilloma with atypia. One (3.6%) had an upgrade to ductal carcinoma in situ. None had invasive cancer. Surgical findings were in agreement with core biopsies in 25 (89.3%) of 28 cases (κ = 0.80, P < 0.0001). Core biopsies have a statistically significant correlation with pathologies on surgical excision in detecting atypia in breast lesion as demonstrated by κ = 0.80. However, the study shows benign intraductal papillomas on core biopsy have an upgrade rate of 10.7 per cent after undergoing surgical excision. As such, we recommend a more aggressive approach including surgical excision of all benign intraductal papillary lesions.
Effects of combined treatment of minocycline and methylprednisolone on the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukine-6 in experimental spinal cord injury: a light and electron microscopic study

ABSTRACT Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an important health problem, and there is no universal treatment protocol for it today. Following SCI pro-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) increase at the lesion site and play important roles in secondary tissue damage. Methylprednisolone (MP) is a glucocorticoid, and minocycline is a tetracycline-derived antibiotic both with neuroprotective effects on central nervous system trauma. However, there are limited studies on their effects on SCI. In this study, we aimed to evaluate effects of MP+minocycline combined treatment on cellular distribution and localization of TNF-α And IL-6 after SCI. Eighty Wistar rats were divided into three main groups as the intact control group, sham operation group, and experimental control group that received spinal cord compression injury. Following the injury, the experimental control group was subdivided into four groups as control, methylprednisolone treatment, minocycline treatment and, MP+minocycline combined treatment groups. Tissue samples were obtained from all groups at 24 hours and 72 hours after the injury. We found a significant decrease in TNF-α And IL-6 expressions in combined treatment group at 24 hours after injury. Also, there was a significant decrease in MDA and increase in SOD levels in this group. Furthermore, decreased lipid peroxidation and neuronal and glial cell death were also observed in combined treatment group. These results suggest that MP+minocycline combined treatment promotes functional recovery and, it should be considered as an effective treatment protocol following SCI.
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES FROM RAW FRUIT PEEL CRUDE EXTRACTS OF ANNONA SQUAMOSA LINN.

Plants are the valuable medicinal sources that are using in treatment of several diseases. The presence of valuable metabolites shows antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. In the present experimentation Annona squamosa raw fruit peel part extracts are selected for phytochemical, analysis in understanding usage as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents. The results of phytochemical studies showed that methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, aqueous contains alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, and saponins. The present research allow to conclude that the all crude extracts of Annona squamosa raw fruit peel exhibited significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.
Speech rehabilitation in post-stroke aphasia using visual illustration of speech articulators: A case report study

ABSTRACT Recent studies on the remediation of speech disorders suggest that providing visual information of speech articulators may contribute to improve speech production. In this study, we evaluate the effectiveness of an illustration-based rehabilitation method on speech recovery of a patient with non-fluent chronic aphasia. The Ultraspeech-player software allowed visualization by the patient of reference tongue and lip movements recorded using ultrasound and video imaging. This method can improve the patient’s awareness of their own lingual and labial movements, which can increase the ability to coordinate and combine articulatory gestures. The effects of this method were assessed by analyzing performance during speech tasks, the phonological processes identified in the errors made during the phoneme repetition task and the acoustic parameters derived from the speech signal. We also evaluated cognitive performance before and after rehabilitation. The integrity of visuospatial ability, short-term and working memory and some executive functions supports the effectiveness of the rehabilitation method. Our results showed that illustration-based rehabilitation technique had a beneficial effect on the patient’s speech production, especially for stop and fricative consonants which are targeted (high visibility of speech articulator configurations) by the software, but also on reading abilities. Acoustic parameters indicated an improvement in the distinction between consonant categories: voiced and voiceless stops or alveolar, post-alveolar and labiodental fricatives. However, the patient showed little improvement for vowels. These results confirmed the advantage of using illustration-based rehabilitation technique and the necessity of detailed subjective and objective intra-speaker evaluation in speech production to fully evaluate speech abilities.
Introduction

Sara Carter and Julie Weeks are guest editors of this special issue of the International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation. Sara Carter is in the Department of Marketing, University of Strathclyde, Stenhouse Building, 173 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RQ, Scotland, UK. E-mail: s.carter@strath.ac. uk. Julie Weeks is Director of Research at the National Foundation for Women’s Business Ownership, 1411 K Street NW, Suite 1350, Washington, DC 20005-3407, USA. E-mail: jweeks@attglobal.net.
Interferonlike factors from antigen- and mitogen-stimulated human leukocytes with antirickettsial and cytolytic actions on Rickettsia prowazekii. Infected human endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages

Unique features of the primary site of rickettsial replication in typhus fevers, i.e., within the endothelial cells of small blood vessels in tissues, suggest that effector mechanisms, other than those dependent on phagocytosis by activated macrophages with enhanced microbicidal properties, most likely are necessary to explain the cell- mediated immune control of intracellular rickettsial replication in these sites. Theoretically, such mechanisms might involve contact between infected endothelial cells and activated T lymphocyte subpopulations or macrophages or immunologically induced soluble factors or lymphokines. Support for the existence of at least one of these alternative effector mechanisms is presented here for Rickettsia prowazekii. Cultures of human blood leukocytes, upon immunologically specific stimulation with R. prowazekii antigen or nonspecific stimulation with the mitogen phytohemagglutinin, produce soluble factor(s) in the supernatant fluid which, in culture, have (a) an intracellular antirickettsial action on R. prowazekii-infected human endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages, and (b) a specific cytolytic action on R. prowazekii-infected, but not uninfected bystander, human fibroblasts. Neither action is demonstrable in R. prowazekii-infected chicken embryo fibroblasts. The factor(s) has no direct antimicrobial action on extracellular rickettsiae and is inactivated by heating at 56 degree C for 1 h or by acid treatment at pH 2. Expression of the antirickettsial action requires new host cell messenger transcription and protein synthesis, whereas the cytolytic action does not. The circumstances of production and action and the properties of the factor(s) responsible for the intracellular antirickettsial, and perhaps also the cytolytic action are consistent with those of immune interferon (IFN-gamma).
TA3/St, but not TA3/Ha, Mammary Carcinoma Cell Adhesion to Hepatocytes is Mediated by α5β1 Interacting with Surface-Associated Fibronectin

The cell lines TA3/Ha and TA3/St are derived from the same tumor, grow both in suspension and form liver metastases upon intraportal injection. We have studied the interaction of these cell lines with hepatocytes, which is likely to be relevant for liver metastasis formation. Recently we have shown that the integrin α6β4 is involved in adhesion of TA3/Ha cells to hepatocytes. However, we show here that the α6β4-specific antibodies, that inhibit adhesion of TA3/Ha cells, did not affect adhesion of TA3/St cells to hepatocytes. The β4 subunit, present at high levels on TA3/Ha cells, was found to be expressed at a much lower level by TA3/St cells. In contrast, TA3/St cells express much more of the β1-integrin subunit than TA3/Ha cells. We assessed whether these differences in integrin expression are responsible for the different adhesion mechanisms used by these cell lines. We show that α5β1, which is expressed by TA3/St cells, and not by TA3/Ha cells, is involved in TA3/St adhesion to fibronectin that is ass.
Have you ever experienced a headache of any kind?

To the editor: I read with interest the article by Olofsson et al., reporting an estimate of lifetime headache freedom among a large cohort of healthy blood donors (1). The authors hypothesize that this group may provide insight into novel protective factors. Approximately 4% self-reported a negative response to the question: “Have you ever experienced a headache of any kind? ” Male sex, more regular alcohol consumption, employment status as a student and being in the lowest income quintile were associated with not reporting a headache. Conversely, being in the highest quintile of educational attainment was negatively associated with headache freedom. In addition to the interesting hypotheses discussed in the manuscript, there are additional considerations. In the ICHD-3, headache is defined as “pain (qv) located in the head, above the orbitomeatal line and/or nuchal ridge. ” However, not everyone with a headache will describe their symptoms in term of pain. Anecdotally, I recently encountered a gentleman who insisted that his moderately severe head “pressure” not be labeled as a “headache. ” This was not the first time. This has been termed a word-selection bias and likely accounts in part for some non-reporting of headache, highlighting a key limitation in any diagnosis dependent on patient self-report. The impact of gender on pain detection threshold, appraisal and reporting has been challenging to disentangle (2). However, men and women appear to differ more in their tendencies to label an experimental stimulus as painful or not, than in their detection of changes in stimulus intensities (2). The recently developed Sensation and Pain Rating Scale attempts to better capture a zone of uncertainty, rather than a distinct cut-off point, when an individual decides a non-painful sensation becomes painful (3). Future research might address whether the width of this zone is impacted by gender. Cognitive beliefs may also contribute to a reluctance to label sensations as pain, including stigma, stoicism, cautiousness, fatalism (pain is inevitable), bother (mentioning pain would just be complaining), and denial (4). The Danish Blood Donor Study does include record of identifying information for participant contact, and therefore the contribution of these elements cannot be excluded. In future work, these biases could be addressed by follow-up interview of those positively screening for headache freedom. The screening question used in the study could be validated among a representative cohort with episodic tension-type headache to better understand the test sensitivity (e.g. false negative rate). Finally, validated screening tools exist to identify cognitive beliefs about pain (4).
Book Review: Mathieu Floquet, Pierre Labardin and Yves Levant (editors) L’histoire comme méthode pour comprendre le management. Mélanges en l’honneur du Professeur Marc Nikitin

ever-increasing isolation by the organization. The world that the whistleblower inhabits is truly Kafkaesque – an upside-down world in which their isolation and mistreatment leads them to radical self-doubt and a regressive sense of guilt. Kenny goes so far as to argue that ‘Guilt constructs the very subject position of the whistleblower’ (p. 169). Kenny explains that ‘instead of being about the truth . the reception of a speech act [of a whistleblower] is inevitably tied to the subject position occupied by the teller of the truth’ (p. 132). In some respects, this is a trivial claim that to be effective the whistleblower must have a sympathetic audience. But what is of particular interest in this account is the description of the way that whistleblowers attempt to overcome corporate censorship by enrolling allies – friends and family, lawyers, whistleblower support networks and the mass media – in order to develop an open and receptive audience for the truths that they offer. The whistleblowers and their supporters are ‘striving for recognition’ (p. 211) and may even ‘opt for another country context in which to make his or her disclosures’ (p. 211). Within the confines of the organization the act of whistleblowing is counter-performative to the extent that it effects little more than the isolation and exclusion of the truth teller. Whistleblowing must be understood as a speech act that is in search of an audience, by means of which it can become performative and have some effect on the social world. The book largely succeeds in achieving the aims it sets itself in developing original concepts for understanding whistleblowing and explaining the role of whistleblowing in revealing the widespread corruption in the global financial industry. It develops an original concept of ‘affective recognition’ to explain the wider political dynamics of retaliation against whistleblowers in their struggle to be heard. The book also does a good job of dispelling a number of myths prevalent in the existing literature on whistleblowing, particularly in highlighting its collective dimension, and in the complicity of others in the exclusion of the whistleblower not only from the organization, but also from the industry and other social relations. This is an important new book which greatly enriches our understanding of the field.