Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Icelandic pseudocraters as analogs to some volcanic cones on Mars

Pseudocraters are rootless vents formed by the interaction of lava flows with surface or near-surface water. This interaction can produce mild explosions and the accumulation of scoria and spatter into small constructs. Pseudocraters in several localities in Iceland were examined in the field and compared to similar appearing features observed on Mars. The Icelandic pseudocrater cones in this study range in size from 6 to 70 m in diameter, have summit craters which range from 2 to 28 m in diameter (many cones lack craters entirely), and have flanks that are either concave-up or convex-up. The size and spacing of Icelandic pseudocraters might be a function of the availability of water, in which larger, closely spaced features result from efficient lava-water interaction, as suggested by the environments in which the features formed. Possible Martian pseudocrater cones in Amazonis Planitia range in diameter from 30 to 180 m and have craters 12 to 80 m in diameter. A numerical model for volcanic explosions was adapted to study the formation of pseudocraters under terrestrial and Martian conditions. The results suggest that explosions forming Martian cones require significantly less water (calculated masses are less by a factor of 4 to 16) than those forming Icelandic pseudocraters, despite their larger sizes. This is attributed to the low gravity and atmospheric pressure in the Mars environment and is consistent with the likely lower abundance of water, which might be present as interstitial ice at shallow depths in the regolith. Locations of potential pseudocraters on Mars at latitudes as low as −8°N, imply the presence of crustal ice stores at the time of their formation.
Rail Integrated Communities in Tokyo

Tokyo’s railway station areas are models of transit-oriented design. To differentiate them from transit-oriented developments (TOD), the term rail integrated community (RIC) has been created to describe these high density, safe, mixed-use, pedestrian-friendly developments around railway stations that act as community hubs, served by frequent, all-day, rail rapid transit and are accessed primarily on foot, by bicycle, or by public transit. Japanese private railways have been instrumental in creating these RICs. Though they receive little financial support from the government, private railways in Japan achieve profitability by diversifying into real estate, retail, and numerous other businesses. Tokyu Corporation is used as the case study to exemplify how government policy and socioeconomic context contributed to the successful private railway model. Ten indicators, such as ridership, population density and mode share are used to analyze two stations created by Tokyu to demonstrate how this model is manifested in Tokyu’s rail integrated communities.
Household food security, nutrition and crop diversification among smallholder farmers in the highlands of Guatemala

The study examined economic, food security and nutrition outcomes associated with crop diversification among small farm households in the Western Highlands of Guatemala. The analysis pulled together data from a farm production and household expenditure survey, and a food intake and anthropometry survey, conducted in the same group of highland farmers but with an interval of eight months. The sample of farmers and their households were classified ex post according to different crop mixes. Compared to traditional maize farmers, small farmers and their households who diversified to potatoes were more likely to suffer adverse income, food security and nutritional status effects; wheat and vegetable growers and potato farmers with larger farms were likely to encounter increased household incomes. However, no significant improvements in household and individual food security were associated with income increases among diversified farmers and members of their households.
Intra-flow Contention Scheme for Improving QoS in WLAN

With the increasing popularity of wireless local area network(WLAN),the demand for multimedia services encompassing VoIP, multimedia streaming and interactive gaming is increasing rapidly. The real-time services require stringent Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees for effective communication. While a lot of research has dealt with providing QoS support for real-time services in traditional wired networks, the shared and broadcast nature of the wireless medium necessitates the design of new solutions for wireless networks. In wireless networks, unlike wired networks, the communication from one node will consume the bandwidth of the neighboring nodes and hence the shared bandwidth can be easily over-utilized. Therefore, to provide an acceptable level of QoS for the real-time services, it is necessary to control the utilization of the shared bandwidth. In this paper , we propose an efficient admission control scheme named Intra-flow contention scheme with CAC-OLSR routing protocol for WLAN networks which aims at preserving the QoS for all the admitted flows by employing a low overhead threshold mechanism. We describe several alternatives for the design of IAC and compare the performance of these alternatives using simulation results.
POPULATION GENETIC ANALYSIS OF ARGEMONE PLEIACANTHA SUBSP. PINNATISECTA (SACRAMENTO PRICKLY POPPY, PAPAVERACEAE) AND RE-EVALUATION OF ITS TAXONOMIC STATUS

Argemone pleiacantha subsp. pinnatisecta (Sacramento Prickly Poppy) is a federally listed endangered member of Papaveraceae, known from a few small populations on the western slope of the Sacramento Mountains in Otero County, New Mexico. With the total number of established A. pleiacantha subsp. pinnatisecta apparently dwindling, and threats to the viability of the taxon coming from a variety of factors, the taxonomic status of this group is of interest to scientists and land managers. The objective of this study was to test whether Argemone pleiacantha subsp. pinnasecta is diagnosable at the level of species through the application of an AFLP-based molecular assessment of population-level variation. Results from principle coordinate and STRUCTURE analyses on 424 AFLP loci, taken from samples of Argemone pleiacantha subsp. pinnatisecta and related geographically proximate members of Argemone, identify that the Sacramento Prickly Poppy is a genetically unique population system. The results of the AFLP analysis, in combination with the geographic isolation and morphological differentiation, are consistent with applicable widely held concepts of plant species. A new combination, Argemone pinnatisecta (G.B. Ownbey) S.D. Cervantes & C.D. Bailey comb. et stat. nov., is presented.
FACTORS INFLUENCING STUDENT ’ S ENROLLMENT DECISIONS IN SELECTION OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS ( HEI ’ S )

The study investigates the factors affecting student’s enrollment decision when they come across with selection of HEI’s. The main objective of this study is to explore those factors that stand out very critical in influencing and determining student’s attendance decision in HEI’s. The study demonstrates three factors which are further categorized into eleven sub factors, internal factors (Aspiration, Aptitude, and Career), External factors (Courses, Cost, Location, Reputation, Promotion, and Facilities) and Social factors (parents/friends/teacher). The study depicts mixed results; all factors are found somehow important in selection of Institutes. The factor Career has been found as the most preferred one for students to pursue in HEI’s. The three factors have found significantly related to student enrollment decision. The factor “facility” is the most influential attribute found in determining student enrollment decisions in HEI’s.
Commentary on "Hybridity, Globalisation, and Literacy Education in the Context of New York City's Chinatown"

By focusing on community and outside literacy practices, the authors attempt to push new literacy studies (NLS) in promising directions by superbly capturing the hybridisation of these Chinese American student-participants in New York’s Chinatown. The conclusions are also solid, convincingly advancing the notion that educators should be aware of the importance of building “portfolios of practices and dispositions that correspond and shape one’s [students’] interaction with emerging literacy practice” (Albright, Purohit, & Walsh, 2006, p. 236). My concerns are with the larger issue of NLS research, which I find increasingly problematic and even inconsequential. By celebrating a range of literacy practices, many grounded in new technologies, our research relentlessly focuses on the “safe” areas of practice and process, and conveniently sidesteps—in a way that often goes unquestioned—the more complex and more political issues of content, quality, and objective: the end results of literacy and learning. I find that our field is so intent on celebrating new and underprivileged forms of literacy that it is missing a more important argument about qualitative differences: what these new literacies get us. Why are we so afraid to make informed, empirical judgements about various literacy practices? Consistent with NLS research, the authors question the privileged status of book learning and the hierarchical status of school literacy, which is fine. However, in a peer review of their article (and they have ably responded to these points) I suggested that they develop a solid rationale for the celebration of any other literacy practices (be it community-based or grounded in new technologies) beyond the notion that these practices may be PEDAGOGIES: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, 1(4), 243–246 Copyright © 2006, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
ON VALUE MAXIMIZATION AND ALTERNATIVE OBJECTIVES OF THE FIRM

THE RECENT LITERATURE on firm behavior has been characterized by two contrasting strands of analysis: on the one hand, there is the literature attempting to extend the conventional maxims of profit maximization of competitive firms from the familiar static models to dynamic contexts and into situations of uncertainty. These analyses argue that firms should maximize their stock market value and explore the implications of this for firm behavior. On the other hand, there is the vast and growing "managerial" literature, in which other objectives, such as "satisficing," "sales maximizing," and "maximization of the manager's utility functions" are postulated. The second group of analyses criticize the first as being unrealistic, while the first argues that it provides the best "first approximation" to firm behavior: if firms did not maximize their stock market value, or deviated far from value maximization, someone would attempt to take them over, change the course of action of the firm, and make a pure capital gain. This paper presents a unified framework for analyzing firm behavior which can be used to reconcile these divergent views. We begin our analysis by taking seriously several aspects of modern corporations which are usually ignored: there exist shareholders' meetings, the right to vote at these shareholders' meetings often has market value (market prices for voting and non-voting shares often differ); disagreements occasionally arise at these meetings; takeover bids are not uncommon; and takeovers are often disputed. The modern corporation is an economic institution in which there is always a potential political (i.e. voting) aspect. Thus, we model the firm as if the action it takes were determined by a majority vote of its shareholders. In deciding what action to vote for, shareholders must have some expectations of the consequences of alternative actions; in particular, we consider a small firm, so that it is not unreasonable for the individual to assume that the actions and values of all other firms will be unaffected. Thus we take the conventional Nash-non-cooperative view of market equilibrium. On the other hand, the action of the firm may have an effect on the market value of the firm in question, and it may lead individuals to decide to reallocate their portfolios. ' We postpone until later a more detailed discussion of what a market equilibrium would look like in this context; but the simplest case to analyze is that where all individuals agree on what action the firm ought to take. In some sense, when that is the case, the shareholders' meeting is redundant. Section 1 of this paper gives an introduction to our result that in many cases
Spam and Zombie Detection System with Machine Learned Spot Algorithm

Email world has grown so much that there is a wide increase in the number of email that fells in to the category of Spam and Zombie attack. There is always a need for trained system that predicts spam and Zombie attack, this paper deals with a novel approach of machine learning to build a tool which predicts an email spam or not with the help of SPOT detection with SPERT algorithm, paper also deals with Zombie attacks and DDOS attacks networks in an online manner. We consider ourselves situated in a network and ask the following question: How can we automatically identify the compromised machines in the network as outgoing messages pass the monitoring point sequentially? The approaches developed in the previous work cannot be applied here. The locally generated outgoing messages in a network normally cannot provide the aggregate large-scale spam view required by these approaches. Moreover, these approaches cannot support the online detection requirement in the environment we consider the nature of sequentially observing outgoing messages gives rise to the sequential detection problem. In this paper, we will develop a spam zombie detection system, named SPOT (4), by monitoring outgoing messages. SPOT is designed based on a statistical method called Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT), developed by Wald in his seminal work. SPRT is a powerful statistical method that can be used to test between two hypotheses (in our case, a machine is compromised versus the machine is not compromised), as the events (in our case, outgoing messages) occur sequentially. This means that the SPOT detection system can identify a compromised machine quickly. Moreover, both the false positive and false negative probabilities of SPRT can be bounded by user-defined thresholds. Consequently, users of the SPOT system can select the desired thresholds to control the false positive and false negative rates of the system. In this paper, we develop the SPOT detection system to assist system administrators in automatically identifying the compromised m our evaluation studies spot is effective. 2. Existing Works on the Field Existing approach mainly depend upon two area One is effectively detecting the spam mails from the outgoing mails network/system. Commonly the Botnet attacks are showing some common characteristics. These studies provided important insights into the aggregate global characteristics of spamming botnets by clustering spam messages received at the provider into spam campaigns using embedded URLs and near-duplicate content clustering, respectively (5). The common approaches to the botnet attacks are quite different they are not consider about healing from a single network
Effects of the nature of board involvement , the keys to talent selection and recruitment projects on the student recruitment performance of Taiwanese vocational colleges

This study considers the nature of board involvement, the keys to talent selection and recruitment projects, and how they affect the student recruitment performance of private vocational colleges across Taiwan. The teaching staffs of schools were interviewed according to Simple Random Sampling, and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was firstly established and, then, goodness-of-fit of the overall, structural and measurement models, etc, were tested and verified. Findings are: 1) the nature of board involvement in private Taiwanese vocational colleges has a negative effect on student recruitment performance, although it is insignificant; 2) the keys to talent selection have a significantly positive effect on the student recruitment performance; and 3) recruitment projects have a significantly positive effect on the student recruitment performance. These results imply that board involvement, the keys to talent selection, and recruitment projects are three important factors for a school’s improved performance in student recruitment.
Interferometric redatuming by sparse inversion

Assuming that transmission responses are known between the surface and a particular depth level in the subsurface, seismic sources can be effectively mapped to this level by a process called interferometric redatuming. After redatuming, the obtained wavefields can be used for imaging below this particular depth level. Interferometric redatuming consists of two steps, namely (i) the decomposition of the observed wavefields into downgoing and upgoing constituents and (ii) a multidimensional deconvolution of the upgoing constituents with the downgoing constituents. While this method works in theory, sensitivity to noise and artefacts due to incomplete acquisition require a different formulation. In this letter, we demonstrate the benefits of formulating the two steps that undergird interferometric redatuming in terms of a transform-domain sparsity-promoting program. By exploiting compressibility of seismic wavefields in the curvelet domain, the method not only becomes robust with respect to noise but we are also able to remove certain artefacts while preserving the frequency content. Although we observe improvements when we promote sparsity in the redatumed data space, we expect better results when interferometric redatuming would be combined or integrated with least-squares migration with sparsity promotion in the image space.
Sizing up the ecological role of sharks as predators

The decline of predators in a variety of ecosystems has transformed community struc- ture through mesopredator release and trophic cascades. Elasmobranch fishes, one of the earth's most ubiquitous and diverse clade of predatory species, provide a model group for defining mar- ine predator roles. We consider whether the ecological predatory role of sharks is adequately defined by terrestrial-derived notions of apex- and mesopredation. Indeterminate growth and ontogenetic diet shifts may mean species-level classification of predatory roles is inadequate. We propose that examining the trophic level and body size of species might be the most pragmatic and informative way to define the ecological roles of predators.
Relationships between insect pests and weeds: an evolutionary perspective

Abstract Weeds are an important plant resource for insects, although feeding by insects on weeds can have both positive and negative effects on crop productivity. Weeds also indirectly affect crops via their influence on beneficial insects, and by harboring plant and insect diseases. Weeds may affect the ability of dispersing insects to locate crop plants. The host relationship between insects and plants is highly variable, ranging from very specialized to generalized feeding behaviors. Despite the myriad interactions of weeds and insects, many aspects of the relationship are predictable. Most insects, including crop pests, are specialists, and preadapted to feed only on some plants, often within a single plant family. Even polyphagous insects often have a distinct preference hierarchy, feeding more widely only when preferred hosts are unavailable. Use of plants by insects is a dynamic interaction, with characteristics of the insect (e.g., mandible structure) and the plant (e.g., allelochemicals) affecting feeding behavior. Thus, weeds that are closely related to crops are particularly important in harboring insects that attack those crops. Crop production practices should seek to sever the taxonomic association between the crop and the weeds found within the crop, and nearby, by eliminating weeds related to the crop. This will make it less likely that insects will move easily from weed to crop plants, that damaging population densities of insects will develop in the field, and that insect vectors that harbor plant diseases will be harbored in the field. Particularly important integrated pest management practices include crop rotation, reduced use of chemical herbicides, and management of weeds in noncultivated areas.
How to prune a horseshoe

Let F : 2→2 be a homeomorphism. An open F-invariant subset U of 2 is a pruning region for F if it is possible to deform F continuously to a homeomorphism FU for which every point of U is wandering, but which has the same dynamics as F outside of U. This concept is motivated by the Pruning Front Conjecture (PFC) introduced by Cvitanovic, which claims that every Henon map can be understood as a pruned horseshoe. This paper contains recent results in pruning theory, concentrating on prunings of the horseshoe. We describe conditions on a disk D which ensure that the orbit of its interior is a pruning region; explain how prunings of the horseshoe can be understood in terms of underlying tree maps; discuss the connection between pruning and Thurston's classification theorem for surface homeomorphisms; motivate a conjecture describing the forcing relation on horseshoe braid types; and use this theory to give a precise statement of the PFC.
Brugada Syndrome; Cause of Syncope during Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Therapy

38 year old male patient with preauricular abcess developed presyncope during high-grade fever and diagnosed as having Brugada syndrome with type 1 ECG pattern. The diagnosis of Brugada syndrome was made in educational and research hospital. His Electroencephalography (EEG) was normal. Coronary angiography showed myocardial bridging of the left anteriyor descending coronary artery after second diagonal branch and no hemodynamically significant coronary artery disease. Technesium (TC99 MIBI) Myocardial Perfusion SPECT and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance imaging results were normal. Ajmaline test confirmed the diagnosis, and ventricular fibrillation (VF) induced during electrophysiological study (EPS). There was no family history of sudden death. The Keywords
VEGFR-3 and Tie pathways in vascular network formation

10 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE. 11 1. DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEMS . 11 The blood vascular system . 14 The lymphatic vascular system . 16 Lymph nodes . 19 2. MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF ANGIOGENESIS AND LYMPHANGIOGENESIS. 21 Vascular endothelial growth factors and their receptors . 21 Neuropilins . 30 Notch signaling . 31 The angiopoietin/Tie system. 33 Endothelial cell – pericyte interactions. 35 The extracellular matrix. 37 3. ANGIOGENESIS AND LYMPHANGIOGENESIS IN HUMAN DISEASE THE THERAPEUTIC HORIZON. 40 Tumor progression . 40 Lymphedema . 45 AIMS OF THE STUDY. 48 MATERIALS AND METHODS . 49 1. MATERIALS. 49 2. METHODS. 53 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION . 54 1. ANGIOPOIETIN-1 INDUCES LYMPHANGIOGENESIS IN ADULT TISSUES (I). 54 2. VEGF-C/VEGF-D THERAPY RESTORES COLLECTING LYMPHATIC VESSELS AND IMPROVES THE OUTCOME OF LYMPH NODE TRANSPLANTATION (II). 56 3. ALTERED TISSUE DISTRIBUTION OF VEGF-C BY FUSION TO HEPARIN-BINDING DOMAINS OF VEGF PRODUCES DISTINCT LYMPHATIC VASCULAR PATTERNS . 60 4. BLOCKING VEGF-3 SUPPRESSES ANGIOGENIC SPROUTING, VASCULAR NETWORK FORMATION AND TUMOR GROWTH (IV) . 63 CONCLUSIONS . 68 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 69 REFERENCES. 70