Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
E‐commerce trade in invasive plants

Biological invasions are a major concern in conservation, especially because global transport of species is still increasing rapidly. Conservationists hope to anticipate and thus prevent future invasions by identifying and regulating potentially invasive species through species risk assessments and international trade regulations. Among many introduction pathways of non‐native species, horticulture is a particularly important driver of plant invasions. In recent decades, the horticultural industry expanded globally and changed structurally through the emergence of new distribution channels, including internet trade (e‐commerce). Using an automated search algorithm, we surveyed, on a daily basis, e‐commerce trade on 10 major online auction sites (including eBay) of approximately three‐fifths of the world's spermatophyte flora. Many recognized invasive plant species (>500 species) (i.e., species associated with ecological or socio‐economic problems) were traded daily worldwide on the internet. A markedly higher proportion of invasive than non‐invasive species were available online. Typically, for a particular plant family, 30–80% of recognized invasive species were detected on an auction site, but only a few percentages of all species in the plant family were detected on a site. Families that were more traded had a higher proportion of invasive species than families that were less traded. For woody species, there was a significant positive relationship between the number of regions where a species was sold and the number of regions where it was invasive. Our results indicate that biosecurity is not effectively regulating online plant trade. In the future, automated monitoring of e‐commerce may help prevent the spread of invasive species, provide information on emerging trade connectivity across national borders, and be used in horizon scanning exercises for early detection of new species and their geographic source areas in international trade.
Effects of extradural morphine on end-tidal isoflurane concentration and physiological variables in pigs undergoing abdominal surgery: a clinical study.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of preoperative extradural morphine on the end-tidal isoflurane (Fe'ISO) concentration and on physiological variables in pigs undergoing abdominal surgery. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, randomized, blinded study. ANIMALS Fourteen healthy pigs (20 ± 4 kg) undergoing intestinal cannulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anaesthesia was induced with a combination of medetomidine (50 μg kg-1) and tiletamine-zolazepam (2.5 mg kg-1) injected intramuscularly, and was maintained with isoflurane in air and oxygen (FiO2 = 50% O2). In the first group, morphine (0.1 mg kg-1) was administered extradurally before surgery. The second group received an equivalent volume of extradural saline as control. During the experiment, heart and respiratory rates, mean arterial blood pressure, tidal volume and minute ventilation were recorded every 10 minutes. The concentration of Fe'ISO was adjusted, according to the depth of anaesthesia, by an experienced animal nurse. Within treatment groups, time-related changes in Fe'ISO and physiological variables were analysed using a repeated measurement anova. Differences in data between treatment groups were analysed at specific time points using a Mann-Whitney U-test. Results are presented as mean ± SD; p < 0.05 was considered as significant. RESULTS After the onset of action of the morphine, the Fe'ISO required to maintain anaesthesia was significantly lower in the extradural morphine group compared with control. During the expected maximal effect of the drug, Fe'ISO was significantly lower in the morphine group (0.6 ± 0.2%) than in the control group (0.9 ± 0.2%). The decrease in Fe'ISO indicated that the onset of action of morphine was approximately 30 minutes after injection. No significant differences in other clinical variables were found between the groups. CONCLUSION Pigs that received extradural morphine before abdominal surgery achieved surgical anaesthetic depth at a lower Fe'ISO concentration. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Extradural morphine allows abdominal surgery to be performed at a lower Fe'ISO concentrations.
CD4 T Cell Help Is Limiting and Selective during the Primary B Cell Response to Influenza Virus Infection

ABSTRACT Influenza virus vaccination strategies are focused upon the elicitation of protective antibody responses through administration of viral protein through either inactivated virions or live attenuated virus. Often overlooked in this strategy is the CD4 T cell response: how it develops into memory, and how it may support future primary B cell responses to heterologous infection. Through the utilization of a peptide-priming regimen, this study describes a strategy for developing CD4 T cell memory with the capacity to robustly expand in the lung-draining lymph node after live influenza virus infection. Not only were frequencies of antigen-specific CD4 T cells enhanced, but these cells also supported an accelerated primary B cell response to influenza virus-derived protein, evidenced by high anti-nucleoprotein (NP) serum antibody titers early, while there is still active viral replication ongoing in the lung. NP-specific antibody-secreting cells and heightened frequencies of germinal center B cells and follicular T helper cells were also readily detectable in the draining lymph node. Surprisingly, a boosted memory CD4 T cell response was not sufficient to provide intermolecular help for antibody responses. Our study demonstrates that CD4 T cell help is selective and limiting to the primary antibody response to influenza virus infection and that preemptive priming of CD4 T cell help can promote effective and rapid conversion of naive B cells to mature antibody-secreting cells.
Phenotype–Genotype Correlation in Patients With Schnyder Corneal Dystrophy

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the corneal morphology features and define mutations in the UbiA prenyltransferase domain–containing 1 (UBIAD1) gene in patients with Schnyder corneal dystrophy from a Polish population. Methods: Five affected and 15 unaffected members originating from 3 families with Schnyder corneal dystrophy were included in the study. Phenotype analysis consisted of visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopy with photography, time domain optical coherence tomography, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and confocal microscopy. Three patients underwent a penetrating keratoplasty. Corneal buttons obtained from the penetrating keratoplasty were processed for light microscopy. Results: A novel mutation I245N of the UBIAD1 gene was revealed in 1 proband and associated with the phenotype without central corneal opacities. The analysis of the other patients showed the N102S mutation. In vivo corneal morphology analysis using optical coherence tomography and confocal microscopy confirmed the presence of multiple crystalline corneal deposits in all affected corneas. The histological examination revealed multiple empty widenings of the corneal lamellae that could represent lipids removed from the specimen. Conclusions: N102S may also be a mutation hotspot in the Polish population, as in other previously reported populations. Corneal crystals formed a characteristic pattern on optical coherence tomography scans.
Analyzing infant and child (under-five) mortality in Zaria: A regression analysis approach

This study was carried out using secondary data from Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, on infant and child (under-five) mortality and delivery rates. Descriptive statistics, Regression and Correlation analysis are the statistical techniques used for the study. From the regression analysis result obtained, it showed that both infant and child mortality rates has a direct relationship with delivery rates. The correlation analysis result showed that there is a very strong and positive relationship between mortality and delivery rates. The study revealed that infant and child mortality rates will continue to decrease if there can be improvement in the factors under study. Keywords: Infant and Child Mortality, Death and Birth Rates, Regression and Correlation, Anova, Trend, Demography
Public Opinion Leader Community Mining based on the Heterogeneous Network

In order to discover the public opinion leader community in a web forum,a heterogeneous network is constructed to represent the relationship between the topics and their replies.By quantifying the influences of forum users,a forum opinion leader community mining algorithm(FOLCM) is put forward.The algorithm is evaluated with real large-scale web data from the TianYa forum.The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the forum opinion leader community mining algorithm.
Study of action integral affecting the direct effects of lightning strike on CFRP

Numerical simulation method is a simple but effective method in the study of the damage behavior of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) caused by lightning strike. A method to evaluate the internal damage area of CFRP is developed in this paper by superposing the temperature field of each layer, and damage effects of two kinds of CFRPs caused by different types of lightning currents are investigated based on finite element method. The results show that action integral has a great affection on damage results, and the types of the lightning currents may slightly influence the propagation of the temperature along the thickness direction. Internal damage area will keep equal when the action integral of the lightning currents is the same.
Trefoil factor 3 is overexpressed in human prostate cancer

The trefoil factors are secreted peptides produced by normal intestinal mucosa. Members of the trefoil family are overexpressed in a variety of cancers and are associated with tumor invasion, resistance to apoptosis, and metastasis. Recent cDNA array analyses suggest that human intestinal trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) may be overexpressed in human prostate cancer. Immunohistochemistry was performed on a prostate cancer tissue microarray containing tumor tissue samples from 246 primary radical retropubic prostatectomy cases with antibodies specific for TFF3. Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and morphologically normal prostatic epithelium were represented on this array. Additionally, 18 metastatic lesions were also stained. Two independent pathologists scored the tissue arrays, with positive cases defined as those containing TFF3 staining in a majority of target cells within any spots representing the appropriate designated histology. Forty‐two percent of 236 cases containing prostate cancer stained positive for TFF3, while only 10% of 145 cases containing normal tissue and 18% of 91 cases containing BPH, stained positive. Seven of 18 (39%) metastatic lesions analyzed stained positive. Although TFF3 expression correlates significantly with prostate cancer, TFF3 expression did not correlate with Gleason grade, tumor stage, or rate of recurrence. These studies validate that TFF3 is overexpressed in a subset of primary and metastic prostate cancers. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enterprise Architecture for Semantic Web Mining in Education

Web mining is the use of data mining technologies to automatically interact and discover information from web documents, which can be in structured, unstructured or semi- structured form. The web has become a major vehicle in performing research and education related activities for researches and students. There is tremendous amount of information and knowledge existing on the web and waiting to be discovered, shared and utilized. We present an enterprise web framework regarding semantic web and mining in training institute, which can be used to not only improve the quality of web mining results but also enhances the functions and services and the interoperability of educational information systems and standards in the educational field. Mining the educational information on the web we are using new Semantic Web Mining technologies, such as Resource description Framework (RDF) and Web Ontology Language (OWL). For on line educational institute web site two important ontology’s would need to be built one ontology describing all the educational services provided, with the relation between each other and the other ontology describing the web site. Thus semantic web ontology help build better web mining analysis in educational institute and web mining in-turns helps contract basis more powerful ontology in education.
Habituation-like decrease in the responses of neurons in inferior temporal cortex of the macaque

Abstract In both anesthetized and behaving macaques, we examined the responses of neurons in the inferior temporal cortex (IT) to repeated presentation of a visual stimulus. In anesthetized animals, the responsiveness of IT neurons decreased with repeated stimulus presentation at interstimulus intervals (ISIs) of 2–12 s but not at 20 s. Responsiveness recovered after a 5-min period of no stimulus presentation. The response decrement was similar in anesthetized and awake animals at a 2-s ISI, but at a 6-s ISI, response decrement in the awake animal was much less.
Oral Adjuvant Chemotherapy with S-1 or Uracil-tegafur versus SurgeryAlone in Patients with Biliary Tract Cancer

Abstract Objective: We compared the influence of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with oral anticancer drugs (S-1 or uracil-tegafur [UFT]) and the influence of surgery alone on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with biliary tract cancer. Methods: This retrospective study included 108 patients with gallbladder cancer (n=22) or bile duct cancer (n=86), who underwent curative resection. The patients were divided into surgery alone (n=58), UFT (n=39; 400 mg/m2/day), and S-1 groups (n=11; 80 mg/m2, days 1–28, twice daily), and outcomes and adverse effects were compared. Results: The 2-year DFS rate was significantly higher in the S-1 group than in the surgery alone group for all patients (72.7% vs. 32.8%, p=0.046). For the patients with gallbladder cancer, the 2-year OS and DFS rates were significantly higher in the UFT group than in the surgery alone group (36.4% vs.0%, p=0.033 and 27.4% vs. 0% p=0.032, respectively; log-rank test). For patients with lymph node metastasis, the 2-year OS and DFS rates were significantly higher in the S-1 group than in the surgery alone group (71.4% vs. 18.2%, p=0.039 and 71.4% vs. 18.2%, p=0.026, respectively) Conclusion: Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy might improve both the OS and DFS rates, particularly in patients with gallbladder cancer and those with biliary tract cancer and lymph node metastasis.
Five-year visual acuity outcomes and injection patterns in patients with pro-re-nata treatments for AMD, DME, RVO and myopic CNV

Background Anti vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy is an established treatment for various retinal diseases. Long-term data on injection frequencies and visual acuity (VA), however, are still rare. Methods Five-year analysis of real-life VA developments and injection patterns from 2072 patients (2577 eyes; 33 187 injections) with chronically active disease undergoing pro-re-nata treatment for age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic macular oedema (DME), retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and myopic choroidal neovascularisation (CNV). Results Maximum mean VA gain in year 1 was+5.2 letters in AMD, +6.2 in DME, +10 in RVO and+7.2 in myopic CNV. Over 5 years, however, VA in patients with AMD declined. By year 5, 34% of patients with AMD had experienced VA loss of >15 letters, 56% had remained stable and 10% had gained >15 letters. Long-term VA developments in DME and RVO were more favourable with 81% of DME and 79% of patients with RVO gaining or maintaining vision at 5 years. In AMD, median injection frequency was six in year 1 and between four and five in consecutive years. In DME and RVO, median injection frequency was six in year 1 but lower compared with AMD in consecutive years. Injection frequency in DME was weakly associated with patient age (rs=0.1; p=0.03). Conclusions In AMD, the initial VA gain was not maintained long term despite higher injection numbers compared with DME, RVO and myopic CNV. The presented real-world data provide a peer-group-based estimate of VA developments and injection frequencies for counselling patients undergoing long-term anti-VEGF therapy.
Comparison of Antigens from Human and Chimpanzee Herpes-Type Virus-Infected Hemic Cell Lines

Summary Micro-immunodiffusion and immunofluorescence techniques were used to study cross-reactions between human and animal sera, and antigen preparations from herpes-type virus (HTV)-infected human cell cultures and similar preparations from cultures derived from chimpanzee blood. The latter cultures are infected with a morphologically similar virus. The immunodiffusion techniques used were previously shown to be sensitive and specific for detection of precipitating antibodies in human sera to culture-derived antigens associated with HTV infection. Some human sera, which showed multiple precipitins in homologous testing, appeared to react with a chimpanzee antigen component common to both antigen preparations. Sera from eight of nine chimpanzees reacted in homologous immunodiffusion tests, and some reacted with the human preparation showing reactions of identity with human sera. No other animal sera appeared to react specifically in immunodiffusion with either antigen. It is suggested, on the basis of these and other studies, that the two viruses are antigenically distinct but share common antigens.
Sound localization by human listeners.

In keeping with our promise earlier in this review, we summarize here the process by which we believe spatial cues are used for localizing a sound source in a free-field listening situation. We believe it entails two parallel processes: 1. The azimuth of the source is determined using differences in interaural time or interaural intensity, whichever is present. Wightman and colleagues (1989) believe the low-frequency temporal information is dominant if both are present. 2. The elevation of the source is determined from spectral shape cues. The received sound spectrum, as modified by the pinna, is in effect compared with a stored set of directional transfer functions. These are actually the spectra of a nearly flat source heard at various elevations. The elevation that corresponds to the best-matching transfer function is selected as the locus of the sound. Pinnae are similar enough between people that certain general rules (e.g. Blauert's boosted bands or Butler's covert peaks) can describe this process. Head motion is probably not a critical part of the localization process, except in cases where time permits a very detailed assessment of location, in which case one tries to localize the source by turning the head toward the putative location. Sound localization is only moderately more precise when the listener points directly toward the source. The process is not analogous to localizing a visual source on the fovea of the retina. Thus, head motion provides only a moderate increase in localization accuracy. Finally, current evidence does not support the view that auditory motion perception is anything more than detection of changes in static location over time.
Analysis of Workplace Surveillance in a Quest for an Ethical Stance

This article examines the incidence of surveillance in higher learning academic institutions in Pakistan. It gives an overview of surveillance in a workplace and outlines how the latest technology has made the task more convenient for employers. It further delves into the privacy issues that arise as a consequence of surveillance. A review of related ethical theories has been undertaken to fathom the justification of surveillance practices in the modern workplace. In the literature review section, a number of studies that explore impacts of surveillance have been reviewed. The data has been gathered from 60 employees working in 5 different universities (both public and private sector) covering primarily their ethical stance on surveillance practices used. The study would help in figuring out the typical methods used and their extent of usage in order to establish incidence of surveillance in an academic institution setting. Finally, relevant hypothesis are tested with the available data to comprehend employees ethical stance on deployment of surveillance, their perception changes (if any) in case of availability of notices on surveillance etc.
Results of the first randomized French study evaluating self-testing of the International Normalized Ratio.

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY In this single-center French study, the conventional management of patients receiving vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) was compared with an International Normalized Ratio (INR) self-testing program. The aim was to determine the reliability of self-testing devices, and to estimate the variability of the self-measured INR within the therapeutic and target range. METHODS A total of 206 patients who had undergone valve replacement with a mechanical prosthesis, with or without myocardial revascularization, between May 2004 and September 2007 was randomized into two groups. Group 1 patients (n = 103) underwent INR monitoring at a laboratory, while Group 2 patients (n = 103) underwent self-testing INR using either the CoaguChek (Roche) (Group 2A; n = 55) or INRatio (Hemosense) (Group 2B; n = 48) system. Patients in Group 1 underwent at least once-monthly INR measurement, while those in Group 2 carried out once-weekly self-testing, and also underwent once-monthly INR measurement at the laboratory. The large majority of patients (97.9%) were treated with fluindione. RESULTS The mean follow up period was 49.0 +/- 10.3 weeks. Self-testing was reliable, with a correlation coefficient between device- and laboratory-measured INRs of 0.80 [CI: 0.78, 0.82] (p < 0.0001). The proportion of time spent within the INR target range was significantly higher for Group 2 (61.5 +/- 19.3% versus 55.5 +/- 19.9%; p < 0.05), while the absolute mean deviation of INR from the target range was higher in Group 1 (60.1 +/- 70.2% versus 47.4 +/- 51.5%). Adverse events were reported by seven patients in Group 1, but by no patients in Group 2 (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION INR self-testing devices are reliable and beneficial. Moreover, INR self-monitoring allows an enhanced stability within a target range, and also helps to prevent serious postoperative complications.
Regional Efficiency Difference and the Choice of Moderate Scale of Live Pig Production of China

Using DEA method,this paper has calculated the production efficiency of scatter-feed,small scale,middle scale and large scale in China between the periods of 2002 to 2010.The results show that:production efficiency enhance in China from 2002 to 2010 mainly rely on the expansion of the inputs scale,the contribution of technological efficiency take the second place.Production efficiency and the optimal breeding scale of different scales of live pig between different regions and provinces and cities exists difference.In the process of live pig's production development,various regions should adjust measures to local conditions to choose the moderate breeding scale.