Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Appearance of meningiomas on diffusion-weighted images: correlating diffusion constants with histopathologic findings.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Malignant and atypical meningiomas are prone to recurrence and aggressive growth, which affects treatment planning and prognostication. Investigators have used diffusion-weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps to compare tumor grade and cellularity with the histopathologic findings of intraaxial primary brain neoplasms. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the signal characteristics of meningiomas on diffusion-weighted images correlate with the average diffusion constant (Dav) from ADC maps and histopathologic findings and whether the Dav can reliably distinguish benign from malignant and atypical meningiomas. METHODS Seventeen patients (13 women and four men; average age, 55 years) with meningiomas were prospectively studied using routine MR imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging with a single-shot gradient-echo echo-planar pulse sequence (6000/100 [TR/TE]) and b values of 0 and 1000. Signal characteristics on routine MR and diffusion-weighted images were compared with the histopathologic findings after resection by using World Health Organization criteria. Dav values were calculated within the tumor mass from ADC maps before resection. RESULTS Four meningiomas were malignant or atypical (World Health Organization grades II and III). Dav values were lower than normal brain values (average, 0.52 +/- 0.12 x 10(-5) cm2/s; range, 0.45-0.69 x 10(-5) cm2/s) and were hyperintense on diffusion-weighted images and hypointense on ADC maps. Thirteen meningiomas were benign. Dav values were higher than normal brain values (average, 1.03 +/- 0.29 x 10(-5) cm2/s; range, 0.62-1.8 x 10(-5) cm2/s). On diffusion-weighted images and ADC maps, most were isointense. Five benign meningiomas had very high Dav values, bright signal on ADC maps, and distinct histopathologic findings, including microcysts, necrotic infarct, and organizing intratumoral hemorrhage. The difference in Dav values between malignant and benign meningiomas was statistically significant (P < .00029). CONCLUSION Albeit a small sample size, meningiomas with low Dav tended to be malignant or highly atypical (P < .00029) whereas meningiomas with the highest Dav had increased water content due to either a specific histologic subtype of meningioma or the presence of associated pathologic abnormality.
Generalized Analysis of Random Common-Mode Rejection Performance of CMOS Current Feedback Instrumentation Amplifiers

The generalized CMRR analysis of the CMOS current feedback instrumentation amplifier (CFIA), in drain and source feedback configurations (termed DCFIA and SCFIA), is developed by focusing on the input stage. The random CMRR for processes (CMRRP) of the CFIAs are derived as a function of the transistor dimensions, small-signal and operating parameters, as well as the process-dependent mismatch factors, to gain insights into the statistical CMRR characteristics, which enables better design optimization. Simplification of the analysis based on practical constraints yields closed-form CMRRP equations that reveal different design considerations for the two CFIA configurations. For example, while the DCFIA relies on the matching of the input transistors, the matching of the drain load transistors is critical for CMRRP enhancement of the SCFIA (this criterion differs from established design practice). The analysis also reveals that unlike the SCFIA, the DCFIA features a direct tradeoff between noise and CMRRP. The integrity of the analysis is validated by comparison with simulations of various published CFIAs designed in a 0.35- μm CMOS process.
When Is the Shape of a Scene Unique Given Its Light-Field: A Fundamental Theorem of 3D Vision?

The complete set of measurements that could ever be used by a passive 3D vision algorithm is the plenoptic function or light-field. We give a concise characterization of when the light-field of a Lambertian scene uniquely determines its shape and, conversely, when the shape is inherently ambiguous. In particular, we show that stereo computed from the light-field is ambiguous if and only if the scene is radiating light of a constant intensity (and color, etc.) over an extended region.
Methodology for expansion of 230kV substations

Demand of electricity continues to grow as new residential and industrial loads come on-line. This continuously growing demand of electricity is met by increasing electricity generation, adding infrastructure and by upgrading and/or modifying existing infrastructure. HV/EHV substations are examples of infrastructure which often go through an upgrade and/or modification. This paper discusses the methodology adopted by Salt River Project (SRP) using various industry-proven concepts for modification of 230kV substations. It discusses two case studies for recent expansion projects at SRP where the described methodology was used. It highlights various options that can be considered for an expansion, along with detailed benefits and limiting factors for the options.
"The speaking celt": augmented reality avatars guide through a museum -- case study

"The Speaking Celt" app is an Augmented Reality companion app for museum visitors to the Keltenmuseum Hallein (Museum of Celtic Heritage) in Hallein, Pflegerplatz 5, Salzburg, Austria. Three Avatars guide the visitors through the museum. The app has been developed using Wikitude's Augmented Reality SDK (Image Recognition and 2D Tracking technology). In this case-study, I would like to talk about the user acceptance of this form of story-telling.
The RhoGAP Protein DLC1 Functions as a Metastasis Suppressor in Breast Cancer Cells

The identification of molecular signatures characteristic of tumor cells that are capable of metastatic spread is required for the development of therapeutic interventions to abrogate this lethal process. To facilitate this, we have previously characterized an experimental system in which the role of candidate metastasis-related genes can be screened and tested. Monoclonal cell lines M4A4 and NM2C5 are spontaneously occurring sublines of the MDA-MB-435 cell breast tumor cell line that exhibit phenotypic differences in growth, invasion, and metastatic efficiency in athymic mice. In this study, transcriptional profiles of these cell lines were created using oligonucleotide microarrays representing over 12,000 genes. Intensity modeling and hierarchical clustering analysis identified a 171-gene expression signature that correlated with metastatic phenotype and highlighted several GTPase signaling components. Restoration of one of these GTPases, deleted in liver cancer-1 (DLC-1), in metastatic M4A4 cells to levels observed in the nonmetastatic NM2C5 cell line resulted in the inhibition of migration and invasion in vitro and a significant reduction in the ability of these cells to form pulmonary metastases in athymic mice. These studies show the utility of expression profiling, in an appropriate experimental system, to identify genetic determinants of metastatic sufficiency. The finding that DLC-1 can act as a metastasis-suppressor gene supports an influential role for GTPase signaling in tumor progression. (Cancer Res 2005; 65(14): 6042-53)
An empirical study on the impact of TCIQ model on manufacturing performance in ERP companies

According to advanced management theories in west, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) enhances the project management in time control. China ERP(CERP )was put forward with a two-factor control from time-cost under China's situation. This paper points out that the driving factors of innovation and quality play an important role in companies during the process of ERP implementation. It brings forward the ERP system with four-factor control — time-cost-innovation-quality (TCIQ-driven). On this basis, this paper studies the impact of TCIQ model on the manufacturing performance in ERP companies. Based on the International Manufacturing Strategy Survey (IMSS),the paper compares the difference of ERP implementation among the sub-sample through single factor analysis of variance, and analyzes the relationship between the driving factors and manufacturing performance through multiple regression analysis. This paper points out that companies have been driven by four-factor control from time-cost-innovation-quality in the ERP project of discrete manufacturing companies in developed countries. At the same time, it can improve the manufacturing performance significantly through the TCIQ model. Keywords-TCIQ,ERP,IMSS,Manufacturing performance
A Transformation Technique for Scheduling Broadcast Programs of Multiple-Item Queries

In wireless environments, many mobile users may raise queries for accessing multiple data items, e.g., stock information or traffic condition, simultaneously. Most queries are identical. That is, many users may have an interest in some popular data items. Because data broadcast can offer unlimited users shareable information at the same time, a broadcast server is usually employed to disseminate all the data items periodically. Intuitively, popular data items should be scheduled and transmitted to users more efficiently than ordinary ones, so these users can thus save access time. To improve customer satisfaction, the author considers a broadcast program scheduling problem in such an environment and aims to minimize mobile users' worst access time as well as their battery power consumption by generating near-optimal broadcast programs. The author provides theoretical analysis as a foundation of mapping the problem to another domain i.e., from unit item to unit fragment and this transformation makes the problem easy to solve. Moreover, an ON logN algorithm is proposed for this NP-hard problem. Finally, experimental results show that access time can be reduced by carefully scheduling broadcast programs. It suggests that other similar optimization problems can be solved similarly.
A low-profile broadband phased array antenna

A fundamentally different approach to broadband array design is introduced and validated with measured data. This design approach relies on mutual coupling to increase array bandwidth as opposed to the conventional approach of attempting to minimize coupling between array elements designed in isolation. The design leverages from multi-layer FSS design, resulting in a broadband, low profile, highly efficient, conformal array.
Regulation of Melanoblast Migration and Differentiation

Summary 1 The discovery of the relationship between the neural crest and pigment cells is briey reviewed. 2 In all animals studied thus far, neural crest cells are known to migrate along specied pathways and to dierentiate into a variety of cell types. These phenomena are directed by a variety of determining factors. 3 W ith regard to understanding pigment cell migration and dierentiation, �sh have recently contributed in a signicant way primarily because of the large number of mutants that have been isolated in zebrash and other species. Moreover, the clear embryos are amenable to experimental manipulation and visualization. 4 Amphibians have provided extensive opportunities to examine the movement and dierentiation of a variety of pigment cell types, and in this case a number of mutants have been studied in some detail. However, this system has not been exploited to its full potential. 5 Although many reports of pigment variants exist in reptiles, little work has been done on developmental aspects of reptil- ian chromatophores. 6 Our understanding of the cellular and biochemical controls of pigment cell development has been greatly enhanced by work done in avian systems. Recently the development of methods to up- and downregulate gene expression in the avian embryo has contributed importantly to the understanding of melanogenesis in this system. 7 The many coat color mutants of mice provide extensive opportunities for better understanding the motive forces in pigment cell development. 8 A comparative evolutionary approach to studye pigment cell development will continue to be essential for understand- ing how such discrete cells (pigment cells) from a well-dened progenitor cell population (the neural crest) have dierenti- ated and evolved.
Detecting the “invisible fraction” bias in resurrection experiments

The resurrection approach is a powerful tool for estimating phenotypic evolution in response to global change. Ancestral generations, revived from dormant propagules, are grown side by side with descendent generations in the same environment. Phenotypic differences between the generations can be attributed to genetic change over time. Project Baseline was established to capitalize on this potential in flowering plants. Project participants collected, froze, and stored seed from 10 or more natural populations of 61 North American plant species. These will be made available in the future for resurrection experiments. One problem with this approach can arise if nonrandom mortality during storage biases the estimate of ancestral mean phenotype, which in turn would bias the estimate of evolutionary change. This bias—known as the “invisible fraction” problem—can arise if seed traits that affect survival during storage and revival are genetically correlated to postemergence traits of interest. The bias is trivial if seed survival is high. Here, I show that with low seed survival, bias can be either trivial or catastrophic. Serious bias arises when (i) most seeds deaths are selective with regard to the seed traits, and (ii) the genetic correlations between the seed and postemergence traits are strong. An invisible fraction bias can be diagnosed in seed collections that are family structured. A correlation between the family mean survival rate and the family mean of a focal postemergence trait indicates that seed mortality was not random with respect to genes affecting the focal trait, biasing the sample mean. Fortunately, family structure was incorporated into the sampling scheme for the Project Baseline collection, which will allow bias detection. New and developing statistical procedures that can incorporate genealogical information into the analysis of resurrection experiments may enable bias correction.
Influência da estrutura da paisagem nas comunidades de passeriformes no centro de Portugal

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo identificar a relacao existente entre as comunidades de passeriformes que nidificam na regiao Centro de Portugal e a composicao e estrutura da paisagem desse territorio. Procurou-se, igualmente, verificar a importância da rugosidade do terreno na distribuicao destas comunidades. Identificaram-se um conjunto de indicadores espaciais (metricas da paisagem e variaveis morfometricas) que, no seu conjunto, caracterizam a estrutura da paisagem, bem como as tipologias fisionomicas de habitat passiveis de determinar a distribuicao das comunidades de passeriformes nidificantes. A informacao referente ao uso e ocupacao do solo foi processada no programa QGIS, com recurso ao plug-in LecoS. Os dados produzidos, juntamente com a informacao referente a presenca/ausencia das especies de aves, foram posteriormente submetidos a uma analise estatistica multivariada com o intuito de correlacionar a ocorrencia das especies com a estrutura da paisagem e topografia. O desenvolvimento deste trabalho permitiu verificar que, embora seja possivel obter resultados para as metricas da paisagem por classes de uso, existem no entanto limitacoes na obtencao de valores referentes as metricas para a matriz de uso na sua totalidade.
The Effect of Sevoflurane on Neuronal Degeneration and GABAA Subunit Composition in a Developing Rat Model of Organotypic Hippocampal Slice Cultures

Objective The GABAA receptor subunit composition undergoes a switch from a predominantly α2 to a predominantly α1 around postnatal day (PND) 7 in a rat pup. This developmental switch in the GABAA receptor subunit composition changes the kinetics and pharmacologic properties of the GABAA receptor. Using a developmental organotypic hippocampal slice model, we hypothesized that the developmental changes in the GABAA receptor subunit composition may promote neurodegeneration after exposure to sevoflurane. Design Organotypic hippocampal slices (OHS) were prepared from rat pups on PND 4, 7, and 14 and exposed to 2.0% sevoflurane or air for 5 hours. Hippocampal CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus neuronal survival and GABAA receptor subunit composition were assessed immediately, 24 and 72 hours after exposure and compared with air. Measurements and Results Early cell death immediately after exposure to sevoflurane was statistically significant in the PND14 (P<0.001). At 24 hours, cell death was not significant for any PND age-examined OHS. However, at 72 hours, cell death was significant in the OHS prepared from the PND7 and 4 rat pups (P<0.001). In further analysis, either a decrease in the α1 and/or increase in the α2 subunit composition promoted cell survival in the PND 4 and 7 OHS. On PND14, cell survival was promoted by an increase in the α1 subunit composition. Conclusions This in vitro investigation supports an age-dependent and GABAA receptor subunit composition relationship between 2.0% sevoflurane exposure and cell death.
Stability analysis of SIRMs based type-2 fuzzy logic control systems

This paper tries to provide a stability analysis approach for the single input rule modules (SIRMs) based type-2 fuzzy logic control systems. First, in the neighbor of the equilibrium point, the closed-form input-output mappings of type-2 SIRMs (T2SIRMs) are explored, and the derivatives of T2SIRMs at the equilibrium point are computed. Then, how to compute the Jacobian matrix of the SIRMs based type-2 fuzzy logic control systems, which is a fundamental step for local stability analysis, is presented. At last, two examples on stabilization control of the TORA system and the inverted pendulum system are given. The results in both examples demonstrate that the stability analysis results agree completely with the control results.
Visual pigment coexpression in Guinea pig cones: a microspectrophotometric study.

PURPOSE To determine the visual pigment content of the rods and cones of the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) and to quantify the level of coexpression of pigments within individual cones. METHODS Microspectrophotometry was used to measure the absorbance spectrum of visual pigments in individual rods and cones from three retinal regions: dorsal, ventral, and a subequatorial transition zone. Partial bleaching was used to establish whether two spectrally distinct visual pigments were present within a single cone. RESULTS Rods possessed a pigment with a wavelength of maximum absorbance (lambda(max)) close to 500 nm. A population of middle-wave-sensitive cones (M cones) contained a pigment with lambda(max) at approximately 530 nm, and a short-wave-sensitive cone population (S cones) contained a pigment with lambda(max) close to 400 nm. The majority of cones in all regions were M cones. Approximately 10% of cones in the transition region were found to coexpress the M and S cone pigments in a ratio of approximately 4:1. Coexpression was not detected in S cones. CONCLUSIONS In C. porcellus, coexpression of cone pigments occurs in a small number of cells but is biased in favor of the M pigment. Given the relatively low level of coexpression, detectable in only approximately 10% of the cones in the transition region, it is unlikely to cause any significant detriment to dichromatic color vision.
Operational use of marginal cost curves for hydropower plants as decision support in real-time balancing markets

When participating in the real-time balancing markets, hydropower producers keep making decisions about how much power they are willing to sell or purchase at what prices from the markets. Due to the specific market characteristics, the decisions should be made quickly, placing high demand on the computation time of rescheduling. In this paper, we present a practical method to determine an hourly bidding curve for a plant. It is applicable to both balancing and intraday markets. We heuristically calculate the marginal cost for all the operating points, covering the entire working area for the plant and including all the physical limitations and reserve obligations in other markets. Heuristics are proposed to reduce the computation time without neglecting significant practical features. Numerical results based on a real-world case study demonstrate the advantage of the proposed method in terms of computation time and solution quality.
Even Viruses Can Learn to Cope with Stress

When a virus infects a cell, cellular defense mechanisms are activated, sometimes even causing cell death in an effort to stem the infection. As McFadden explains in his commentary, the virus in turn marshals its own countermeasures, striving to keep the cell alive so the virus can replicate and spread. A report in this week's issue by [ Schisler et al . ][1] shows how one of these countermeasures--synthesis of glutathione synthase, which protects cells against oxidative damage--is used by molluscum contagiosum virus and synthesized by a unique translation control mechanism for selenoproteins. [1]: http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/short/279/5347/102
Paradoxes, Conflicts and Tensions in Establishing Master Data Management Function

Managing master data as an organization-wide function enforces changes in responsibilities and established ways of working. These changes cause tensions in the organization and can result in conflicts. Understanding these tensions and mechanisms helps the organization to manage the change more effectively. The tensions and conflicts are studied through the theory of paradox. The object of this paper is to identify paradoxes in a Master Data Management (MDM) development process and the factors that contribute to the emergence of these conflicts. Altogether thirteen MDM specific paradoxes were identified and factors leading to them were presented. Paradoxes were grouped into categories that represent the organization’s core activities to understand how tensions are embedded within the organization, and how they are experienced. Five paradoxes were observed more closely to illustrate the circumstances they appear. Working through the tensions also sheds light on the question of how these paradoxes should be managed. This example illustrates how problems emerge as dilemmas and evolve into paradoxes.
Mechanisms and chemical induction of aneuploidy in rodent germ cells

The objective of this review is to suggest that the advances being made in our understanding of the molecular events surrounding chromosome segregation in non-mammalian and somatic cell models be considered when designing experiments for studying aneuploidy in mammalian germ cells. Accurate chromosome segregation requires the temporal control and unique interactions among a vast array of proteins and cellular organelles. Abnormal function and temporal disarray among these, and others to be identified, biochemical reactions and cellular organelles have the potential for predisposing cells to aneuploidy. Although numerous studies have demonstrated that certain chemicals (mainly those that alter microtubule function) can induce aneuploidy in mammalian germ cells, it seems relevant to point out that such data can be influenced by gender, meiotic stage, and time of cell-fixation post-treatment. Additionally, a consensus has not been reached regarding which of several germ cell aneuploidy assays most accurately reflects the human condition. More recent studies have shown that certain kinase, phosphatase, proteasome, and topoisomerase inhibitors can also induce aneuploidy in rodent germ cells. We suggest that molecular approaches be prudently incorporated into mammalian germ cell aneuploidy research in order to eventually understand the causes and mechanisms of human aneuploidy. Such an enormous undertaking would benefit from collaboration among scientists representing several disciplines.