Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fusion expression and the related property analysis of MPB70,MPB83,CFP-10 and ESAT-6 antigens from Mycobacterium bovis

By means of the PCR technique,4 target gene fragments of the mpb-70,mpb-83,cfp-10 and esat-6 genes were obtained from the genomes of Mycobacterium bovis clinical isolates,and the fusion genes cfp-10-esat-6 and mpb-83-cfp-10 were obtained by splicing technique with overlapping extension(SOE). The mpb70 and mpb83-cfp10-esat6 genes were then inserted into the plasmid pUC19-linker,and the mpb70-mpb83-cfp10-esat6 gene were inserted into the expression plasmid pET32a(+). This resultant recombinant was designated as pET70-83-C10-E6.The fusion protein was expressed as a soluble form by recombinant plasmid pET70-83-C10-E6 transformed to E.coli BL21(DE3) after induction with IPTG.Ni2+ affinity chromatography was used to purify the recombinant proteins.It was demonstrated that the fusion protein could be recognized by polyclonal antisera against M.bovia and MPB70,MPB83 and CE(cfp10-esat6) antigens as demonstrated by ELISA assay.As revealed by Western blot analysis,this fusion protein could bind specifically with antiserum against M.bovis,but not with antisera against other microbial agents of bovine diseases,such as infection with M.paratuberculosis,brucella,babesia and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus.Also,this fusion protein was proved to be heat-stable at 60 C for 1 hr as demonstrated by heat treatment test.It is evident that the fusion protein contains 4 kinds of specific M.bovis antigens with immunogenicity and stability i.e.MPB70,MPB83,CFP-10 and ESATt-6,and it may be the suitable antigen used for the serodiagnosis of M.bovis infections.
Forecasting Wildlife Response to Rapid Warming in the Alaskan Arctic

Arctic wildlife species face a dynamic and increasingly novel environment because of climate warming and the associated increase in human activity. Both marine and terrestrial environments are undergoing rapid environmental shifts, including loss of sea ice, permafrost degradation, and altered biogeochemical fluxes. Forecasting wildlife responses to climate change can facilitate proactive decisions that balance stewardship with resource development. In this article, we discuss the primary and secondary responses to physical climate-related drivers in the Arctic, associated wildlife responses, and additional sources of complexity in forecasting wildlife population outcomes. Although the effects of warming on wildlife populations are becoming increasingly well documented in the scientific literature, clear mechanistic links are often difficult to establish. An integrated science approach and robust modeling tools are necessary to make predictions and determine resiliency to change. We provide a conceptual framework and introduce examples relevant for developing wildlife forecasts useful to management decisions.Keywords: Alaska, Arctic, climate change, modeling, wildlife
Decision Support Opportunities in the Green Supply Chain Coordination

Abstract In the 21st century, major changes have taken place in supply chain management. First of all, some new type of supply chains has appeared beside the traditional supply chains. The growing level of pollution, the decreasing level of non-renewable sources indicate changes in the business life. Companies find some alternate solutions to protect the environment – use renewable sources, integrate recycling processes, use the inverse logistics etc. So companies are getting to be eco-conscious, we are called them as ‘green companies’. If these green companies are in one supply chain, we are called as ‘green supply chain’. The coordination of supply chains – whether if traditional or green– is one of the most important research topics in this century. The number of chain members is growing; the cooperation is getting to be more difficult. That is why contracts could be a good solution for this problem, because they define a framework for the parties to manage their relationships. Contracts work well, if the right type is chosen according to the nature of the relationship. But in the case of a green supply chain, there are other influencing factors. Green companies are able to accept higher prices to get higher quality products. In the paper, we analyse how these factors influence the decision-makers to choose between the contracts; we use the AHP decision-making method.
X‐linked immunodeficiency affects the outcome of Schistosoma mansoni infection in the murine model

The incidence of the X‐linked immunodeficiency (Xid) on the outcome of Schistosoma mansoni infection has been evaluated through a comparative analysis of parasitological and immune parameters in two different mouse strains: control BALB/c and BALB. Xid mice which carry the Xid mutation and lack B1 (CD5+ B) cells. This study clearly demonstrates that infected B1 cell‐deficient animals display a higher susceptibility to S. mansoni infection as revealed by an increase in the tissue egg loads and a significantly elevated mortality, as well as an increase in the granuloma densities. The analysis of the humoral and the cellular responses, conducted in the same experimental conditions, indicates differences in terms of cytokine production after specific antigenic stimulation of splenocytes. Larger amounts of IFN‐γ and IL‐4 are observed in BALB. Xid mice while IL‐10 production is reduced. In parallel, the study of the specific antibody isotype profiles shows higher amounts of specific IgE and IgG1 antibodies and lower amounts of IgM and IgA in BALB. Xid mice. Taken together, these observations support the idea that B cells are playing a role in the ability of mice to tolerate infection with Schistosoma mansoni.
Biological Aspects and Life Table Parameters of Phytoseiulus macropilis and Neoseiulus Californicus (Acari: Phytoseiidae), Feeding on Eggs And Immature Stages of Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) at Different Temperatures

The purpose of this study was to evaluate prey consumption, functional response and life table parameters of the two predatory mites on immature stages and eggs of T. urticae at two constant temperatures 25° and 30°C, in the laboratory of cotton and crops mite research department, Plant Protection Research Institute Sharkeia branch. Developmental periods (Life cycle) of both females and males individuals were longer for N. californicus when fed on immature stages of T. urticae at 25°C (7.14 , 5.79 days) for females and males, respectively. Predatory mite fecundity was affected significantly by types of food and high for P. macropilis when feeding on T. urticae eggs (63.67 eggs/ female) at 25°C; while the less fertility was 33.95 eggs/female for N. californicus when fed on T. urticae eggs at 30°C. The ability of N. californicus preying on immature stages of T. urticae was significantly greater than P. macropilis (146.24 , 92.29 prey) for female and male, respeclively. On the other hand, P. macropilis consumed more eggs than N. californicus (193.89, 132.06 prey) for female and male, respectively at 25°C. Life table parameters showed that generation time (tG) was lower (8.81 days) for P. macropilis when fed on immature stages of T. urticae at 30°C, net reproductive rate (Ro) was higher (28.65) for P. macropils when fed on eggs at 25°C, and both intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) (0.34) and finite rate of increase (λ) (1.41) were higher when fed on immature stages of T. urticae at 30°C for P. macropilis.
Modulation of Base Excision Repair Alters Cellular Sensitivity to UVA1 but not to UVB ¶

Oxidative DNA damage has been implicated in some of the biological properties of UVA but so far not in the acute photosensitivity or cellular sensitivity. In contrast to pyrimidine dimers, oxidative DNA damage is predominantly processed by base excision repair (BER). In order to further clarify the role of oxidative DNA damage and its repair in the acute cellular response to UV light, we studied UVA1 and UVB sensitivities in three different cell model systems with modified BER. 8‐Oxoguanine‐DNA‐glycosylase 1–/– (OGG1–/–) mouse embryonal fibroblasts and human fibroblasts in which BER was inhibited by incubation with methoxyamine were hypersensitive to UVA1, in particular to low doses. This hypersensitivity could be partially corrected by reexpression of OGG1 in OGG1–/– cells. The Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with upregulated AP‐endonuclease 1 exhibited reduced UVA1 sensitivity. UVB sensitivity was not altered in any of the cell models. These results indicate that DNA damage, in particular oxidative DNA damage, contributes to cellular UVA1 sensitivity and underline a pivotal role of its repair in the cellular responses to UVA1.
CP43′, the isiA Gene Product, Functions as an Excitation Energy Dissipator in the Cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942 ¶

Under conditions of iron deficiency certain cyanobacteria induce a chlorophyll (Chl)‐binding protein, CP43′, which is encoded by the isiA gene. We have previously suggested that CP43′ functions as a nonradiative dissipator of light energy. To further substantiate its functional role an isiA overexpression construct was introduced into the genome of a cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942 (giving isiAoe cells). The presence of functional CP43′ in isiAoe cells was confirmed by Western blot as well as by the presence of a characteristic blueshift of the red Chl a absorption peak and a notable increase in the 77 K fluorescence peak at 685 nm. Compared to wild‐type cells isiAoe cells, with induced CP43′, had both smaller functional antenna size and decreased yields of room temperature Chl fluorescence at various light irradiances. These observations strongly suggest that isiAoe cells, with induced CP43′, have an increased capacity for dissipating light energy as heat. In agreement with this hypothesis isiAoe cells were also more resistant to photoinhibition of photosynthesis than wild‐type cells. Based on these results we have further strengthened the hypothesis that CP43′ functions as a nonradiative dissipator of light energy, thus protecting photosystem II from excessive excitation under iron‐deficient conditions.
Induction of Tumor Necrosis Factor–α by UVB: A Role for Reactive Oxygen Intermediates and Eicosanoids ¶

UVB irradiation induces nuclear factor–κB (NF‐κB) activation, tumor necrosis factor–α (TNF‐α) expression and reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) in keratinocytes. We investigated whether ROI play a role in UVB‐induced TNF‐α mRNA expression. The antioxidants N‐acetyl cysteine, NAC, epigallocathin gallate, EGCG, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and vitamin C could reduce UVB‐induced TNF‐α mRNA levels to various degrees; vitamin E (α‐tocopherol) had no effect. BHA was the most potent inhibitor. The oxidant tertiary butylated hydroperoxide could effectively induce TNF‐α mRNA expression. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) and MK‐886, inhibitors of lipoxygenase (LOX), and indometacin and quinacrine, inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (COX) and phospholipase A2, respectively, could also reduce UVB‐induced TNF‐α mRNA expression. Inhibition by NDGA was in concordance with the results for BHA. NDGA, indometacin, quinacrine and BHA could also effectively inhibit the inhibitor of NF‐κB degradation, thereby maintaining NF‐κB inactivity. In conclusion, we show that ROI are implicated in the induction of TNF‐α mRNA by UVB and that not all antioxidants are equally effective inhibitors. COX products and more importantly LOX products, which themselves are products of an oxidative metabolism, are the main ROI implicated in this induction of TNF‐α expression by UVB probably via activation of NF‐κB.
Determination of Extractable and Bound Organochlorine in Sediment by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis

Extractable organochlorine (EOC) and bound organochlorine (BOC) compositions in sediments from Lake Bosomtwi have been determined with instrumental neutron activation technique. Within the limit of experimental errors, the precision and accuracy of the method for the determination were within 3% and 4% respectively. The mean levels of EOC and BOC were in the range of 1.71 mg/kg to 5.18 mg/kg and 0.31 mg/kg to 0.68 mg/kg respectively. Analysis of organochlorine data showed the EOC content on the average was about seven times more than those of BOC. Washing of chloride from sediment fortified with an insoluble chloride, thus PbCl2, with various concentrations of sodium nitrate (NaNO3) solutions was investigated and washing with 0.1 M solution of NaNO3 gave the optimum yield of chloride. Organic carbon (OC) and BOC compositions in the sediments were subjected to correlation analysis and results showed that the two correlated very well with corrected coefficient of 0.65. OC in sediments could therefore, be one of the carrier phases of BOC in sediments. Original Research Article Afful et al.; CSIJ, 29(6): 9-18, 2020; Article no.CSIJ. 59136 10
CHILD SUICIDE BOMBER IN THE NORTH EAST NIGERIA: A VICTIM OR PERPETRATOR?

This study examined the perception of people on the influence or effect of Child bomber role on children in the Northeast of Nigeria. The studyadopted descriptive survey design and was guided by two research questions. It used primary data collected through structured questionnaire. The population of the study consists of 4,171,104 out of which400 respondents were sampled. The data collected was processed with the aid of StatisticalPackage for Social Science (SPSS, 23), and analyzed using descriptive statistics, while Z-test was employed for test of hypotheses. The findings revealed that child bomber assignments has a significant effect on the educational level of children in the Northeast The researchers also found that child bomber role has a significant effect on the socio-psychological behaviour of children in Northeast zone of Nigeria. It was recommended among others that government should further efforts to expose and bring to justice all Boko Haram militants, sponsors and those who are benefiting from the insurgency.
Regulation of Calcium on Photosynthesis and PS II Activity of Tomato Leaves Under Daytime Sub-High Temperature Stress

To analyze the regulation of calcium on photosynthesis and PS Ⅱ activity in tomato leaves under sub-high temperature stress.During the period of sub-high temperature,tomatoes liaoyuanduoli grown in the plastic pot were pretreated with CaCl2,EGTA(Ca2+ chelator),and LaCl3(Ca2+ channel inhibitor). Chlorophyll content,photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were investigated.The results showed that photosynthesis in tomato leaves pretreated with daytime sub-temperature was significantly inhibited tomato,and chlorophyll content,Fv/Fm,ΦPS Ⅱ,ETR and qP decreased,but Fo and NPQ increased.Furthermore there were some influences on Gs,Tr and Ls;Chlorophyll content and net photosynthesis rate(Pn) in tomato leaves pretreated with CaCl2 were significantly increased,and there was no difference in the Fo,Fv/Fm,ΦPS Ⅱ and NPQ between CaCl2 pretreatment and control,while qP,ETR was slightly lower than that of control,these results showed that there was high PS Ⅱ activity in tomato leaves pretreated with CaCl2,however,Ls and Ci were not affected;The PS Ⅱ activity in tomato leaves pretreated with calcium inhibitor suffered more serious injuries.Inhibition of photosynthesis in daytime sub-high temperature stress had no relation with stomatal factors,the reduction of photosynthesis may be deceased PS Ⅱ activity which was caused by the damage of PS Ⅱ. CaCl2 pretreatment effectively alleviated the damage to the function of PS Ⅱ in tomato leaves under sub-high temperature stress,and maintained higher PS Ⅱ activity.Consequently CaCl2 can relieve the inhibition of photosynthesis due to daytime sub-high temperature stress.
Exposure to UVB Induces Accumulation of LFA‐1+ T Cells and Enhanced Expression of the Chemokine Psoriasin in Normal Human Skin ¶

Normal human skin shows preferential (epi)dermal infiltration of CD4+ T cells upon acute UV exposure. To study the mechanism behind this feature we locally exposed healthy volunteers to doses of UV commonly encountered by the population. Expression of integrins on T cells and expression of adhesion molecules on dermal endothelial cells were quantitatively assessed by immunohistochemistry in situ. We also investigated the effects of ultraviolet‐B (UVB) exposure on psoriasin and IL‐16, two specific chemoattractant factors for CD4+ T cells, at messenger RNA (mRNA) level by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and at protein level by immunohistochemistry. We found, at day 2 after exposure to four minimal erythema doses of UVB, predominant accumulation of LFA‐1+/CLA−/VLA‐4− T cells in the dermis. Concomitantly the expression of ICAM‐1, but not that of E‐selectin and VCAM‐1, was upregulated on dermal endothelial cells. The increase in the number of dermal T cells was not due to proliferation because only 2% of the UVB‐induced dermal T cells expressed the marker of proliferation Ki‐67. Whereas exposure to 35 J/cm2 of ultraviolet‐A (UVA), like UVB, induced a loss of intraepidermal T cells at day 2 after exposure, UVA induced neither any influx of T cells into the dermis nor any adhesion molecule upregulation on endothelial cells. In response to UVB exposure, the expression of psoriasin mRNA, but not of IL‐16 mRNA, was upregulated; the expression of psoriasin protein was also found to be upregulated. These results suggest that LFA‐1/ICAM‐1 pathway and psoriasin are both involved in the accumulation of CD4+ T cells into UVB‐irradiated skin, possibly via a recruitment mechanism.
Diabetes in children: organization of care

Children and adolescents face significant burdens on health and quality of life associated with the early appearance of diabetes. The increased risk of complications that accompanies a longer disease duration further impacts the potential for optimal care and long-term good health. Early detection, vigilant management, improved delivery of and access to ongoing care and consistent self-management skills are key strategies for preventing or lessening much of the burden of diabetes. Optimal diabetes care for children and adolescents is complicated by the fact that the daily demands of diabetes management must be superimposed on the already demanding challenges of physical and emotional growth. Diabetes care for children should thus be a customized team effort of specialists who are equipped to deal effectively with not only medical needs, but also the unique educational, nutritional, physical activity and behavioural needs of the child or adolescent. However, the organization of care for diabetes, particularly in general practice where a significant proportion of care takes place, varies extensively, affected by the availability of both financial and personnel resources. Practice, patient and organizational factors all influence the level of care of people with diabetes. Resource allocation to support optimal organization of diabetes care is a function not only of availability of funds, but also of the understanding of policy makers that diabetes care constitutes a significant health care priority. Education in support of diabetes care thus extends beyond the individual with diabetes and the physician to high-level decision makers.
Aspectos biológicos de Zabrotes subfasciatus

Biological aspects of Zabrotes subfasciatus (Bohemann, 1833) (Coleoptera, Bruchidae) on Phaseolus vulgaris L. , cv. Carioca (Fabaceae), under laboratory conditions. Zabrotes subfasciatus is a serious pest of common beans, P. vulgaris L. In Brazil there are several studies dealing with resistance of bean genotypes to this insect, while other studies have emphasized the utilization of oils and powders from plants to repel their attack. In this paper, fecundity, fertility, pattern of oviposition, life cycle and longevity were evaluated for a Brazilian stock from the Goias State on P. vulgaris cv. Carioca, at 30 o C and 70% R.H. The mean fecundity was 38 eggs per female and 73% of viability. Egg laying showed an aggregated pattern. Males and females lived an average of 13 and 9 days, respectively. The total life cycle lasted for about 28 days.
Formation of Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimers and 8‐Oxo‐7,8‐dihydro‐2′‐deoxyguanosine in Mouse and Organ‐cultured Human Skin by Irradiation with Broadband or with Narrowband UVB ¶

Narrowband UVB (NB‐UVB) is a newly developed UVB source that, in addition to the previously used broadband UVB (BB‐UVB), has been effectively used in phototherapy of various skin diseases. Besides its therapeutic effectiveness, NB‐UVB also has some adverse effects that should be evaluated. As with all phototherapies, the photocarcinogenic potential of NB‐UVB is the major concern. To assess the carcinogenic potential we measured the DNA damage induced by the two UVB sources because exposure of cells to UVB directly or indirectly induces DNA damage such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) or 8‐oxo‐7,8‐dihydro‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐oxodGuo), respectively. These types of DNA damage cause mutations of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, which can lead to photocarcinogenesis. In the present study we measured the yield of CPD and the oxidative DNA damage marker, 8‐oxodGuo, in organ‐cultured human skin and in mouse skin after exposure to NB‐UVB or BB‐UVB at therapeutically equivalent doses. We show that a 10‐fold higher dose of NB‐UVB yields a similar amount of CPD compared with BB‐UVB in two types of samples examined. In contrast to CPD, the formation of 8‐oxodGuo after irradiation with NB‐UVB at a 10‐fold higher dose is 1.5–3 times higher than that caused by BB‐UVB. These results suggest that although NB‐UVB at equivalent erythema–edema doses is not more potent in inducing CPD formation than is BB‐UVB, NB‐UVB may generate a higher yield of oxidized DNA damage.
UVB Exposure Impairs Immune Responses After Hepatitis B Vaccination in Two Different Mouse Strains ¶

Ultraviolet light exposure can impair immune responses that are not restricted to the exposed skin but is also found at other sites, i.e. systemic immunosuppression. Therefore, we investigated the UV‐induced modulating effects on vaccination against hepatitis B in a mouse model. Two different mouse strains, BALB/c and C57Bl/6, were vaccinated intramuscularly against hepatitis B. Mice were exposed to different doses of ultraviolet B (UVB) for five consecutive days on shaved back skin before the vaccination. Vaccination against hepatitis B induced cellular (delayed‐type hypersensitivity [DTH] and lymphocyte stimulation test) as well as humoral immune responses in both mouse strains. The DTH responses in C57Bl/6 mice were statistically significantly higher compared with BALB/c mice. UVB exposure induced a dose‐dependent suppression of cellular immunity in both strains of mice. C57Bl/6 mice seemed to be more susceptible to this suppression. Anti‐hepatitis B surface antibodies (total‐Ig) were only marginally suppressed after UVB exposure. IgG2a and interferon‐γ levels, both indicators for Th1 immune response, were suppressed in both mouse strains after UVB exposure. In summary, UVB exposure induced a dose‐dependent suppression of both cellular and humoral immune responses after hepatitis B vaccination, although the suppressive effects on humoral immunity were limited to IgG2a production. Susceptibility to UVB‐induced immunomodulation depended on the strain of mice and their predilection for developing different T cell responses.