Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE COMPARISON OF VEHICLE SPEED ACCURACY USING VIDEO BASED MIXTURE OF GAUSSIAN 2 METHOD AND K-NEAREST NEIGHBOR METHOD

Background subtraction has various of methods including mixture of gaussian 2 and k-nearest neighbor. Some vehicle speed detection system in previous research have different accuracy in detecting speed of vehicle. The different of accuracy arose the idea to compare the accuracy in detecting the speed of vehicles using the mixture of gaussian 2 with k-nearest neighbor supplied by OpenCV 3.0 library. During this research, four video has been recorded with scenario ofvehicle speed 20 km/h, 40 km h, 50 km/h and 60 km/h. Each video has different vehicle’s speed. The program was designed and built using mixture of 2 gaussian and k-nearest neighbor. Vehicle speed parameter retrieval conducted by 10 tests of four videos,which are 20km.avi, 40km.avi, 50km.avi and 60km.avi. The speed detected at each videois compared with the actual speed to obtain such further information as percentage of error accuracy of the two methods. From the test results, it is obtained that percentage error of mixture of gaussian 2 method is 0,36%-23,73%of the actual speed. The percentage error of k-nearest neighbor method is 64.2%-58,85% of the actual speed.
Implementation of Just in Time Teaching methodology in mathematics and natural sciences study in high school institutions of Colombia northeast

The notably undergraduate student desertion in higher education is considered one of the main difficulties in worldwide education systems. The main factors associated with this phenomenon in Colombia are related to low academic entrance skills, economic problems of students and aspects related to socio-occupational orientation and adaptation to the university environment. At Universidad Industrial de Santander an initiative has emerged since the beginning of 2017 that seeks to strengthen the entrance skills to higher education of high school students in Colombia northeast, through “Spachovsky project” that intervenes in the teaching and learning processes of three subjects: mathematics, physics and chemistry of tenth and eleventh grade, through an active learning strategy implementation: Just-in-Time Teaching whose essence is the students’ previous class preparation, through questionnaires and didactic material in a web platform, which has a positive effect on what happens during the time subsequent to it with an appropriate teacher’s mediation. The contents are managed through virtual tools such as: links to digital books and teaching videos through Moodle platform, which together with session preparation questionnaires, and appropriate mediation by the teacher will favor study habits and the autonomous learning of students.
Torrent-Based Dissemination in Infrastructure-Less Wireless Networks

Content dissemination in peer-to-peer mobile ad-hoc networks is subject to disruptions due to erratic link performance and intermittent connectivity. Distributed protocols such as BitTorrent are now ubiquitously used for content dissemination in wired Internet-scale networks, but are not infrastructure-less, which makes them unsuitable for MANETs. Our approach (called SISTO) is a fully distributed and torrent-based solution, with four key features: (i) freedom from any reliance on infrastructure; (ii) network and topology aware selection of information sources; (iii) robust multiple-path routing of content via a proactive peer selection technique; (iv) an integrated distributed content discovery capability, not found in other torrent systems. We have implemented SISTO in software, and evaluated its performance using emulation and realistic mobile network models derived from field measurements. We have measured significant improvements in download latency, resiliency and packet delivery compared to traditional data delivery models and conventional BitTorrent. We have implemented SISTO on both Linux and Android platforms, and integrated it with several android applications for content sharing. ∗This work has been funded by the Office of Naval Research (Contract No. N00014-12-C-0377) Journal of Cyber Security, Vol. 4, 1–22. doi: 10.13052/jcsm2245-1439.411 c © 2015 River Publishers. All rights reserved. 2 K. Manousakis et al.
Functional origins of the vertebrate cerebellum from a sensory processing antecedent

The structure of the cerebellar cortex is remarkably similar across vertebrate phylogeny. It is well developed in basal jawed fishes, such as sharks and rays with many of the same cell types and organizational features found in other vertebrate groups, including mammals. In particular, the lattice-like organization of cerebellar cortex (with a molecular layer of parallel fi- bres, interneurons, spiny Purkinje cell dendrites, and climbing fires) is a common defining characteristic. In addition to the cere- bellar cortex, fishes and aquatic amphibians have a variety of cerebellum-like structures in the dorso-lateral wall of the hindbrain. These structures are adjacent to, and in part, contiguous with, the cerebellum. They derive their cerebellum-like name from the presence of a molecular layer of parallel fibers and inhibitory interneurons, which has striking organizational similarities to the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex. However, these structures also have characteristics which differ from the cerebellum. For example, cerebellum-like structures do not have climbing fibres, and they are clearly sensory. They receive direct afferent input from peripheral sensory receptors and relay their outputs to midbrain sensory areas. As a consequence of this close sensory asso- ciation, and the ability to characterise their signal processing in a behaviourally relevant context, good progress has been made in determining the fundamental processing algorithm in cerebellar-like structures. In particularwe have come to understand the contribution to signal processing made by the molecular layer, which provides an adaptive filter to cancel self-generated noise in electrosensory and lateral line systems. Given the fundamental similarities of the molecular layer across these structures, coupled with evidence that cerebellum-like structures may have been the evolutionary antecedent of the cerebellum, we address the ques- tion: do both share the same functional algorithm? (Current Zoology 56 (3): 277-284, 2010).
The Analysis of Closed-form Solution for Energy Detector Dynamic Threshold Adaptation in Cognitive Radio

Spectrum sensing is the most important process in cognitive radio in order to ensure interference avoidance to primary users. For optimal performance of cognitive radio, it is substantial to monitor and promptly react to dynamic changes in its operating environment. In this paper, energy detector based spectrum sensing is considered. Under the assumption that detected signal can be modelled according to an autoregressive model, noise variance is estimated from that noisy signal, as well as primary user signal power. A closed-form solution for optimal decision threshold in dynamic electromagnetic environment is proposed and analyzed.
Proposed action plan for the conservation of the Madagascar Spider Tortoise, Pyxis arachnoides

Turtles on the Brink in Madagascar: Proceedings of Two Workshops on the Status, Conservation, and Biology of Malagasy Tortoises and Freshwater Turtles Christina M. Castellano, Anders G.J. Rhodin, Michael Ogle, Russell A. Mittermeier, Herilala Randriamahazo, Rick Hudson, and Richard E. Lewis, Eds. Chelonian Research Monographs (ISSN 1088-7105) No. 6, doi: 10.3854/crm.6. a25p153 • © 2013 by Chelonian Research Foundation, Lunenburg, MA, USA • Published 30 October 2013
Land Development in Emerging Markets

One of the most important issues in emerging markets is the timing and intensity of land development decisions and how these decisions affect property values. In these markets, newly developed office space and residential units often account for a substantial proportion of the aggregate supply of similar types of developed properties. In this article I use a real option model to study the land development problem faced by a central planner. The optimal capital intensity, the value of land and the post-development rents and property values in these markets are strikingly lower than the corresponding values in the markets where the demand is perfectly elastic. Furthermore, the optimal capital intensity and the value of land are most sensitive to the market demand conditions in the emerging markets experiencing the fastest growth or greatest uncertainty, or at times when interest rates or construction costs are lowest.
Social Behavior of Larvae of the Neotropical Processionary Weevil Phelypera distigma (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Hyperinae)

Socially gregarious behavior among free-living leaf-eating insect larvae occurs mostly among Lepidoptera, Symphyta, and a few Chyrsomelidae (Coleoptera). However, the Neotropical hyperine curculionid Phelypera distigma has also evolved this lifestyle, exhibiting a suite of social behaviors unique among beetles. The larvae are nomadic processionary foragers that punctuate foraging bouts with rosetteshaped resting formations (cycloalexy). Larvae also vibrate or bob their heads rapidly when moving, especially when in contact with conspecifics, and this suggests acoustic or vibrational communication. In this study we used observational and experimental approaches to investigate the basis of processionary, cycloalexic, and head-vibration behavior of this species. Larvae used both trail pheromones and thigmotactic signals to organize themselves into head-to-tail processionary columns. The trail pheromone, produced from the center of the abdomen, remains active for up to 4 h. Processions are not consistently led by particular individuals, but dynamically change over time and often temporarily break into two or more subprocessions. Subprocessions reunite through use of the trail pheromone. We found no evidence that head-bobbing generates attraction through substrate-borne or acoustic signals, but this behavior functions in direct contact to excite group activity. Time-lapse videography used to analyze cycloalexic group formation showed that larvae transition from feeding in a line along the leaf margin to cycloalexic formations on the upper leaf surface via a coordinated back-up movement that brings the posterior tip of their abdomens into contact. We identify three phases of cycloalexic formation: line-up, back-up, and an adjustment phase. Complete assembly can be achieved in as little as 5 s, but often the two phases establishing the basic rosette lasts 5–10 min, while the adjustment phase slowly
Interactive Whiteboards in the Elementary Classroom: Efficacy and Funding

New and changing implementations of technology in educational facilities are providing further opportunities and tools for teachers. However, controversy exists over whether or not there are academic benefits to utilizing these tools, as well as the degree of those potential benefits or detriments. Additionally, not all facilities and educators have access to the same equipment, as not all schools receive the same amount of funding. My thesis topic will focus on a specific educational tool, the interactive whiteboard, in the elementary classroom. I will be working with preexisting research and studies to compare and contrast the current literature on this subject. The purpose will be to not only analyze the efficacy of interactive whiteboards as a teaching tool, but also to look at the disparity that could arise in the quality of education between financially disadvantaged schools and more financially prosperous schools if the interactive whiteboard is indeed truly beneficial in the classroom.
Fraudedetectie door tekstanalyse van jaarverslagen

Innovatieve fraudedetectiemethoden zijn nodig om aanwijzingen van fraude op tijd te signaleren en verdere schade te voorkomen. De focus van fraudeonderzoek in jaarverslagen is vaak gericht op de numerieke informatie. Jaarverslagen bevatten tekstuele informatie die ook indicaties van fraude bevat. Dit artikel beschrijft het onderzoek naar een methode voor tekstanalyse die gebruik maakt vanmachine learningom jaarverslagen automatisch te classificeren in de twee categorieën ‘fraude’ en ‘geen fraude’.
Synchronization and Self-Organization in Organizations. The Combinatory System© View.

In any organization people may be observed from two different points of view: first of all as organs (or components of organs), in the sense that organizational relationships assign them a precise spatial and temporal placement, they carry out a specialized function in relation to the entire structure, they have a specific functionality that delimits the admissible interactions with the other elements, and they show a particular functioning; secondly , as members of a social collectivity in which, independently of their organizational role and connections, they appear as similar agents , moved by private objectives, capable of producing micro decisions, behaviours and effects relatively analogous to that of the others. My study considers the second aspect of human behaviour in organizations and aims to present a simple theory - the Theory of Combinatory Systems - which may allow us to describe, explain, and to a certain extent control many relevant and intriguing collective phenomena and their observable effects, which are produced by agents acting as unorganized social systems, even if they are also members of an organizational structure. In plain words I define as a combinatory system any collectivity (composed of individuals or organizations) whose agents, consciously or unconsciously, act (exclusively or prevalently) on the basis of global information which they direcly produce and update as the consequence of their micro behaviours. On the one hand, the global information is - or derives from – a synthetic variable whose values are produced by the combination of the micro states of the agents (hence the name Combinatory System ) but, on the other, these values affect the subsequent states as a result of a micro-macro feedback , acting over a period of time, that produces self-organization in the agents’ micro behaviours. If we accept the traditional definition of self-organization as the macro behaviour of a collectivity of agents in which the micro behaviours appear to be “directed”, or “organized”, by an Invisible Hand , or Supreme Authority , in order to produce the emerging phenomenon represented by the formation of ordered structures, of recognizable patterns, then it is easy to recognize that the macro phenomena produced by the macro behaviour of the system become factors in self-organization, since they are interpreted by the agents as information they can base their decisions on. In other words, the invisible hand is nothing other than the synergetic effect of the micro-macro feedback action (or circular causality ) that generates and updates the global information that produces self-organization and emerging macro behaviours attributable to the collectivity.
High-power and long-life supercapacitive performance of hierarchical , 3-D urchin-like W 18 O 49 nanostructure electrodes

We report the facile, one-pot synthesis of 3-D urchin-like W18O49 nanostructures (U-WO) via a simple solvothermal approach. An excellent supercapacitive performance is achieved by the U-WO because of its large Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area (ca. 123 m2 g-1) and unique morphological and structural features. The U-WO electrodes not only exhibit high rate-capability with a specific capacitance (Csp) of ~235 F g-1 at 20 A g-1, but also superior long-life performance for 1000 cycles, and even up to 7000 cycles, showing ~176 F g-1 at 40 A g-1.
Biological Soil Crusts and Extremophiles Adjacent to Native Plants at Sabkhas and Rawdahs, Qatar: The Possible Roles

Several studies have investigated the biology of native plants (halophytes and xerophytes), biological soil crusts (BSC), as well as the associated and adjacent microorganisms. These studies concentrated on their eco-physiological aspects as well as the possible roles they might play in various life activities and industries. This article presents the mechanisms adopted by these living organisms to cope with the harsh environment, and the possible roles microorganisms might play to support native plants, some important examples from the flora of Qatar are presented to show these mechanisms. Special attention has been paid to the senescence and death of leaves or whole plants, since this strategy has been considered as an important option for escaping extreme environmental conditions. Discussion about solute accumulation (organic and inorganic) in all native living organisms in general and in microorganisms in particular, could result to further investigation to clarify their roles in such an ecosystem. Some case studies have been reported to discuss the ecological aspects at two main types of habitats in Qatar; Rawdahs and Sabkhas were chosen to show how native living organisms adapt in these habitats. This study discussed the general identification of BSC and microorganisms, as well as their possible roles in the soil biota. The possible methods and mechanisms exhibited by extremophiles to support native plants in coping with saline and arid lands have also been reported in this article. This study also discussed the recent outlook about the origin of metabolic activities in these living organisms to support the growth of native plants under stress conditions.
Improving the hydrology of the Simple Biosphere Model 2 and its evaluation within the framework of a distributed hydrological model

Abstract The hydrological description of the Simple Biosphere Model 2 (SiB2) is improved in three respects. First, the SiB2 three-layer soil model is replaced with a multi-layer soil column coupled to a lumped unconfined aquifer model. Next, lateral water flows are described in the updated soil model. Finally, the soil hydraulic function in SiB2 is replaced with van Genuchten parameterization, and exponential vertical soil heterogeneity is described. In using observed streamflow to evaluate the hydrologically improved SiB2 (HydroSiB2), a new hydrological model (HydroSiB2-DHM) was developed by embedding HydroSiB2 into the spatial framework of a distributed hydrological model. Three-year fine temporal scale meteorological data from a small river basin were used to drive both HydroSiB2-DHM and SiB2-DHM (the same as HydroSiB2-DHM but with the original SiB2). Sub-grid topography was considered in both model runs, and analyses were based on basin-averaged values to maintain consistency with the regional evaluation using streamflow. The results show that HydroSiB2-DHM performs well in both fine and coarse time-scale runoff simulations; while SiB2-DHM captures inter-annual and seasonal runoff changes, but gives poor results in simulations at finer temporal-scales (daily and hourly). Owing to the treatment of lateral flows and using a multi-layer soil model coupled with a lumped unconfined aquifer in HydroSiB2, the soil moisture budget is qualitatively improved. In recession periods, the basin-averaged bare soil evaporation reduced by about 0.1 mm/d, resulting in a decrease in the latent heat flux and an increase in sensible heat flux of about 3.9 and 3.2 W/m2, respectively.
Survey of Current Multipath Routing Protocols for Mobile AD Hoc Networks

A Mobile Ad hoc NETwork (MANET) is a wireless communication network with minimum physical infrastructure with diverse communication applications. Mobility and Multihopping are the main characteristics of MANET. Multipath routing protocols establish multiple routes between nodes. The construction of multiple routes should be done with minimum overhead and bandwidth consumption. The purpose of this article is to analyze the characteristics and functionality of various multipath routing protocols and to do the performance comparison between these multipath routing protocols to choose the best among them to use in large networks.
The System of Enterprise Economic Security: International and Ukrainian Content

The article considers the categories of the system of enterprise economic security. The essence of the concepts of "danger", "risk", "threat", «challenge" is determined in the system of enterprise economic security. There are considered Chinese, Latin, English, American and Ukrainian security vision categories. The system elements of enterprise economic security and their characteristics (probability of harm, irreversibility of loss and time of transition) are defined in the first part. The specific principles of modern system of enterprise economic security are complexity, adaptability, flexibility, stability, efficiency, reliability and self-organization. The review of theoretical approaches to the definition of a system enterprise economic security by different authors is discussed in the second part. The subsystems of system enterprise economic security are preparation to development, definition managed and unmanaged challenges, consideration disgusting threats, adaptation to unavoidable threats, efficient use of resources, resource and risk management, protection renewable losses, recoverable loss prevention. The purposes of system enterprise economic security are considered depending on the phase of the life cycle in the second part too. Save values (personnel, technology, equipment) from potential dangers and losses are not renewable is the goal in the creation stage. The harmonization of economic interests through effective operation and resource using is the purpose in the growth stage. The protective system enterprise economic security is oriented to use priority opportunities and competitive advantages in the prevention and protection from negative impact of threats. The goal of safe development system is sustainable development, economic freedom, independence in terms of destabilizing challenges.