Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gender and history of suicidality: are these factors related to U.S. college students' current suicidal thoughts, feelings, and actions?

Gender and history of suicidality (HS vs. NoHS) were related to current symptoms of depression, reasons for living, and reports of self-destructive and life-threatening behavior in a college student sample. Overall, college men reported engaging in more life-threatening and potentially suicidal behavior than college women on the Life Attitudes Schedule (LAS). No gender effects were obtained on the symptoms of depression and reasons for living measures. Results suggest that the LAS may be a particularly effective way to identify college students at risk for self-destructive and suicidal behavior. As expected, HS individuals were more depressed, had fewer reasons for living, and reported engaging in more current suicidal and life-threatening behavior than NoHS participants. However, gender and history of suicidality were found to interact. NoHS women reported avoiding a variety of injury-producing and health-diminishing behaviors that were common for all other groups of college students. Meanwhile, HS women endorsed fewer current reasons for living than did NoHS women, NoHS men, and NoHS men. These findings were interpreted both with regard to cultural and gender-specific expectations for the expression of self-destructive, suicidal, and life-threatening behavior. Implications for the prevention of college women's and men's suicidal behavior were also noted.
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Emergence in the Human Embryo and Fetus

Abstract: Two waves of hematopoietic stem cell generation take place in the first month of human gestation. The first one has long been known to occur in the yolk sac; only recently was another one identified that results in the development, from the 27th day, of clusters of hematopoietic cells on the ventral endothelium of the aorta and vitelline artery. This latter, intra‐embryonic phase of blood cell progenitor production is undoubtedly local since its presumptive territory of occurrence, the para‐aortic splanchnopleura, is endowed with blood‐forming potential in vitro from, at least, day 19 of development. The first multipotent, lympho‐myeloid stem cells emerge within that intra‐embryonic territory, whereas the yolk sac only produces myeloid precursor cells devoid of lymphoid potential. The forerunners of the hematopoietic stem cells born to intra‐embryonic arteries appear to migrate from the splanchnopleura as KDR+ angio‐hematopoietic cells that colonize the ventral wall of the aorta to give rise to hematogenous endothelium. All these results indicate that stem cells for human definitive hematopoiesis emerge within the embryo, in the walls of truncal arteries, from splanchnopleural ancestors and through a vascular endothelial intermediate stage. Less expectedly, blood‐forming endothelial cells were also encoutered in the embryonic and fetal liver and in the fetal and, even, adult bone marrow, suggesting that a filiation between vascular and hematopoietic cells may persist during the whole life.
Comparison of pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic indices of efficacy for 5 fluoroquinolones toward pathogens of dogs and cats.

BACKGROUND Fluoroquinolones are often used interchangeably in dogs and cats. HYPOTHESIS Predicted therapeutic efficacy differs among fluoroquinolones. ANIMALS Bacterial pathogens isolated from dogs and cats. METHODS Using microtube-dilution procedures, percent resistance and 2 pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic indices (maximum concentration/minimum inhibitory concentration [Cmax/MIC] [target 0.10] and area under curve/minimum inhibitory concentration [AUC/MIC] [target 0.125]) were compared prospectively at low and high doses (mg/kg) for ciprofloxacin (5 and 20), difloxacin (5 and 10), enrofloxacin (including enrofloxacin+ciprofloxacin) (5 and 20), marbofloxacin (2.5 and 5), and orbifloxacin (2.5 and 7.5). Indices were calculated for organisms represented by < or = 15 isolates. RESULTS Percent resistance for all Gram-negative (n = 180; 20+/-3%; 39+/-5% for Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive isolates (n = 66; 18+/-3%) did not differ among drugs or organisms. The pattern of Cmax/MIC was generally enrofloxacin+ciprofloxacin > or = enrofloxacin or ciprofloxacin > or = marbofloxacin > or = orbifloxacin > or = difloxacin; and for AUIC/ MIC, enrofloxacin+ciprofloxacin > or = marbofloxacin > or = ciprofloxacin > or = enrofloxacin > difloxacin > orbifloxacin. Among susceptible Gram-negative isolates studied (n = 117), targeted Cmax/MIC or AUC/MIC were achieved in 88% of E. coli, 53% of Proteus mirabilis, and 35% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa; and for susceptible Gram-positive isolates studied (n = 49), 53% of Streptotoccus spp. and Staphylococcus intermedius and 27% of Staphylococcus spp. At the high dose, the proportion of isolates for which a target was reached was: ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin+ciprofloaxin, and marbofloxacin (77%), enrofloxacin (73%), orbifloxacin (51%), and difloxacin (40%); and at the low dose, enrofloxacin+ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin (43%), ciprofloxacin (40%), marbofloxacin (39%), orbifloxacin (29%), and difloxacin (28%). CONCLUSIONS E. coli resistance to fluoroquinolones approximated 40%. For susceptible isolates, enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin more consistently reached indices associated with predicted efficacy, but only at the high dose.
A study on EMI shielding effectiveness of graphene based structures

Following the rapid development of technology, various electrical and electronic devices have been a great part of life day by day due to make human life easier and comfortable. However, they emit electromagnetic radiations causing the electromagnetic pollution. Depending on this role, electromagnetic pollution becomes a crucial problem for humanity, environment, and negatively effected the performance of electronic devices because of the electromagnetic interference. In order to prevent the unwanted signals, we have produced a graphene based polymer composites (light weight, strong, flexible), graphene/wood-plastic (G/WP), as a shielding material and investigated its electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE). Four combination of G/WP is observed with different (% 0, % 3, % 6, % 9 wt) graphene rates in 8-9 GHz frequency range. As a result, the shielding success has been attributed to the graphene increase in composite. The results claim that G/WP composites can efficiently take place in electronics technology and electronic protection.
A seismic assessment algorithm for smart grid safety monitoring

Among natural disasters, earthquakes are a major factor that damages transmission lines and power towers, but the impacts of earthquakes on transmission towers are less discussed. For many countries, earthquakes often cause power outages. Traditionally, the safety of extra-high voltage (EHV) transmission systems is inspected by the staff of power companies. Due to high labor costs and time consuming patrols, system anomalies are difficult to be identified immediately. Therefore, this study develops a seismic assessment algorithm for electrical grid safety monitoring with the wireless sensing technology to assess seismic hazard for the EHV transmission system. In the monitoring system, the environment sensing data can be transmitted in real-time by a wireless network. And the intensity data can be analyzed by the algorithm immediately after an earthquake occurs. Specifically, peak ground acceleration (PGA) is adopted as the seismic intensity parameter, and effective peak acceleration (EPA) is a reference parameter used to evaluate towers seismic hazard. Based on the simulation and verification results, the accuracy of the proposed seismic intensity algorithm is high, and the calculation speed is fast. Thus, the purpose of early warning can be achieved by using the proposed algorithm.
Glyco‐Scan: Varying Glycosylation in the Sequence of the Peptide Hormone PYY3‐36 and Its Effect on Receptor Selectivity

The increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide calls for safe and highly efficacious satiety drugs. PYY3‐36 has been implicated in food intake regulation, and novel peptide analogues with high Y2 receptor‐subtype selectivity and potency have potential as drugs for the treatment of obesity. It has been hypothesized that PYY3‐36 associates with the plasma membrane prior to receptor activation such that the amphipathic α‐helix of PYY3‐36 possibly guides the C‐terminal pentapeptide into the correct conformation for receptor activation. Ala‐scans are used routinely to study the effect of individual amino acids in a given peptide sequence. Here we report the glyco‐scan of the peptide hormone PYY3‐36, in which hydroxyl side‐chain functionalities were glycosylated; in addition new glycosylation sites were introduced. An array of novel PYY3‐36 analogues with a glycan positioned in the water–membrane interface or in the N terminal were screened for Y‐receptor affinity and selectivity as well as metabolic stability. Interestingly, in contrast to the Y1 and Y4 receptors, the Y2 receptor readily accommodated glycosylations. Especially glycosylations in the α‐helical region of PYY3‐36 were favorable both in terms of Y‐receptor selectivity and endopeptidase resistance. We thus report several PYY3‐36 analogues with enhanced Y‐receptor selectivity. Our results can be used in the design of novel PYY analogues for the treatment of obesity. The glyco‐scan concept, as systematically demonstrated here, has the potential for a wider applicability.
Prognostic Value of Nondipping and Morning Surge in Elderly Treated Hypertensive Patients With Controlled Ambulatory Blood Pressure

BACKGROUND The independent prognostic significance of nondipping and morning surge (MS) of blood pressure (BP) in treated hypertensive patients with controlled ambulatory BP is not yet clear. We investigated the association between the aforesaid ambulatory BP parameters and cardiovascular risk in elderly treated hypertensive patients with normal achieved ambulatory BP. METHODS The occurrence of a composite end-point (stroke, coronary events, heart failure, and peripheral revascularization) was evaluated in 391 elderly treated hypertensive patients (age range 60–90 years) with controlled ambulatory BP (both daytime BP <135/85 mm Hg and nighttime BP <120/70 mm Hg). According to nighttime change and MS of systolic BP, subjects were divided in dippers with normal or high MS (>23 mm Hg) and nondippers. RESULTS During the follow-up (9.3 ± 4.6 years, range 0.5–20 years), 76 events occurred. The event-rate was 2.09 per 100 patient-years. After adjustment for age, gender, left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, asymptomatic LV systolic dysfunction at baseline and left atrial enlargement, dippers with high MS (hazard ratio 2.45, 95% confidence interval 1.27–4.73, P = 0.007) and nondippers (hazard ratio 2.04, 95% confidence interval 1.18–3.53, P = 0.01) were at higher cardiovascular risk than dippers with normal MS. CONCLUSIONS In elderly treated hypertensive patients with normal achieved ambulatory BP, dippers with high MS and nondippers are at increased cardiovascular risk.
Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3 in mouse endometrial stromal cells during early pregnancy: Regulation by interleukin-1α and tenascin-C

During the peri-implantation period, the endometrium undergoes tissue remodeling and cellular rearrangement. To clarify the involvement of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in endometrial remodeling, we isolated total RNAs from the endometrium of non-pregnant and pregnant mice on days 3 to 5 and evaluated mRNA expression of MMP-2, -3, -9, -11 and -13 using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Prompt increases in MMP-3 and -13 mRNA were found on day 4 of pregnancy. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that expression of MMP-3 and -13 increased significantly on day 4, up to 8.4 ± 2.7 times and 3.4 ± 1.5 times, respectively, the level in non-pregnant endometrium (p < 0.05). On day 4, immunohistochemistry demonstrated MMP-3-positive endometrial stromal cells. At the same time, tenascin-C (TN-C) mRNA increased 11.1 ± 4.0 times from the level in non-pregnant endometrium (p < 0.004). To clarify regulation of MMP-3 expression, we examined the effects of interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and TN-C on MMP-3 mRNA in cultured mouse endometrial stromal cells. Both substances resulted in a dose-dependent increase in MMP-3 mRNA (6.1 ± 1.8-fold at 1 ng/ml of IL-1α and 3.9 ± 1.8-fold at 10 μg/ml of TN-C). This study shows that MMP-3 expression is upregulated in endometrial stromal cells of the peri-implantation period and may be controlled by IL-1α and TN-C.
Confidence intervals for the parameters estimated from simulated O2 uptake kinetics: effects of different data treatments

• What is the central question of this study? Is the accuracy and/or precision of the O2 uptake kinetics parameters, estimated by non‐linear regression, affected by different data treatments applied to reduce the noise of breath fluctuations? • What is the main finding and its importance? Simulations showed that, even after the averaging of more repetitions, the width of the asymptotic confidence intervals was narrower than the real ones, in particular when the O2 uptake responses were resampled at time intervals shorter than the average breath duration (e.g. 1 s). The reasons for this discrepancy were investigated, allowing us to identify simple methods to obtain the correct confidence interval of the O2 uptake kinetics parameters.
Exclusion of close linkage of Tourette's syndrome to D1 dopamine receptor.

OBJECTIVE The authors' goal was to establish if a mutation in D1 dopamine receptor locus (DRD1), or one genetically close to it, could cause Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome. METHOD DRD1 and linked markers (D5S36, D5S61, and D5S62) were studied in a large Mennonite Tourette's syndrome kindred. Only individuals with the full Tourette's syndrome were considered to be affected in one series of analyses; in another series the diagnostic spectrum was broadened to include chronic multiple tics. Liability classes were defined to take into account age at onset and sex differences; dominant inheritance was assumed. The authors' version of the LINKMAP program of the LINKAGE package modified to run under distributed parallel processing (Linda LINKMAP) was used for the multipoint linkage analysis. RESULTS Complete (theta = 0.0) linkage of Tourette's syndrome with DRD1 was ruled out (lod score of -10.1) when the disease was defined narrowly. The area of exclusion of linkage (lod score between -2 and -10.5) extended from map position -0.10 to map position 0.50. The authors conducted an additional (centromeric) multipoint analysis with D5S36 as well as glucocorticoid receptor (GRL) and D5S22, resulting in an overlapping area of exclusion to map position -0.30 when the disease was defined narrowly. CONCLUSIONS This result provides strong evidence against linkage of the DRD1 D1 dopamine receptor locus with Tourette's syndrome. This exclusion extends the authors' earlier work with the dopamine system in Tourette's syndrome to exclude the two best characterized dopamine receptors from linkage with Tourette's syndrome.
Comparative study of strategies for preventing post‐ERCP pancreatitis after early precut sphincterotomy for biliary access

Needle knife precut sphincterotomy (PS) during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has been associated with a high risk of post‐ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). This study aimed to examine the effect of no prophylaxis, somatostatin, rectal diclofenac and pancreatic duct (PD) stenting in reducing rates of PEP in patients who underwent early PS.
Psychiatric Comorbidity in Persons With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Identified From the Georgia Population

Objective: To compare the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in persons with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) identified from the general population and a chronically ill group of people presenting with subsyndromic CFS-like illness (“insufficient symptoms or fatigue” (ISF)). Previous studies in CFS patients from primary and tertiary care clinics have found high rates of psychiatric disturbance, but this may reflect referral bias rather than true patterns of comorbidity with CFS. Methods: We used random digit dialing to identify unwell individuals. A detailed telephone interview identified those with CFS-like illness. These individuals participated in a 1-day clinical evaluation to confirm CFS or ISF status. We identified 113 cases of CFS and 264 persons with ISF. To identify current and lifetime psychiatric disorders, participants completed the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. Results: Sixty-four persons (57%) with CFS had at least one current psychiatric diagnosis, in contrast to 118 persons (45%) with ISF. One hundred one persons (89%) with CFS had at least one lifetime psychiatric diagnosis compared with 208 persons (79%) with ISF. Of note, only 11 persons (9.8%) with CFS and 25 persons (9.5%) with ISF reported having seen a mental healthcare specialist during the past 6 months. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that current and lifetime psychiatric disorders commonly accompany CFS in the general population. Most CFS cases with comorbid psychiatric conditions had not sought appropriate help during the past 6 months. These results demonstrate an urgent need to address psychiatric disorders in the clinical care of CFS cases. CFS = chronic fatigue syndrome; CI = confidence interval; DSM = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders; ISF = insufficient symptoms or fatigue; OR = odds ratio.
Colorectal transport in normal defaecation

Objective Colorectal luminal transport during defaecation can be assessed by means of scintigraphy. However, normal values remain to be established and inter‐ and intra‐subjective variation is unknown. The aim of the study was to describe colorectal transport during normal defaecation by means of a new method for colorectal scintigraphy and to determine inter‐ and intrasubjective variation.
[Protective Effect of Total Saponins of Panax japonicus Against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress Damage].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effects of total saponins of Panax japonicus (TSPJ) on H2O2-induced oxidative stress damage in SH-SY5Y cells, and to explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS SH-SY5Y cells were incubated with 600 μmol/L H2O2 for 12 h, then treated with various concentrations of TSPJ (0.1, 1, 5 and 20 μg/mL) for 12 h,and then incubated with 600 μmol/ L H2O2 for 12 h. Cell viability was detected by MTT assay. Superoxide dicmutase (SOD) activities and malondialdehyde( MDA) contents were measured by biochemical assay kits. Protein levels of Nrf2,p-ERK, and p-P38 were detected by Western blotting. Levels of NQO1 and GCLC mRNA expression were determined by real-time PCR. RESULTS Compared with control group, H2O2 stimulated the decrease of cell viability and SOD activities as well as the increase of MDA contents, which were reversed by TSPJ treatment. Furthermore, TSPJ treatment up-regulated not only the decreased protein expressions of Nrf2 and p-ERK but also the decreased mRNA expression of NQO1 and GCLC. CONCLUSION TSPJ can protect SH-SY5Y cells from H2O2-induced oxidative stress damage. The mechanism may be related to up-regulating the phosphorylation of ERK thereby promoting the Nrf2 nuclear translocation and increasing the mRNA expression of antioxidant genes such as NQO1 and GCLC.
A Comparative study of retinal effects from continuous wave and femtosecond mode‐locked lasers

In order to provide a direct comparison of the effects of mode‐locked systems to those with continuous‐wave (CW) or nonpulsed output, we have performed an experiment with lasers possessing otherwise identical output characteristics. This in vivo minimum visible lesion study compares retinal effects of mode‐locked and CW lasers complete with histopathology of the treated areas.
An improved local similarity measure estimation for change detection in remote sensing images

Detecting changes in remote sensing images taken at different times is challenging when images' data come from different sensors. The performance of change detection algorithms based on radiometric values alone is not satisfactory and need the fusion of other features. Local similarity measures such as Mutual Information, Kullback-Leibler Divergence, and Cluster Reward Algorithm can be used for enhancing change detection. In the paper, we propose an improved local similarity measure using weighted local histogram. Each pixel contributes to the calculation of the histogram according to its weight only. The weight assigned to each pixel in the histogram estimation window follows an exponential function of its distance from the center of the window and the corresponding pixel value in an initial change map image which is derived from other micro-structure or radiometric information. The proposed improved similarity measure benefits from the good detection ability of small estimation window and the good estimation accuracy of large estimation window; hence it can replace the time-consuming multi-scale selection approaches for statistics based similarity measures in remote sensing. The efficiency of this useful improvement has been validated on change detection in remote sensing image series.
Variability of glutathione S-transferase alpha in human liver and plasma.

BACKGROUND Glutathione S-transferases are a family of enzymes involved in the binding, transport, and detoxification of a wide variety of endogenous and exogenous compounds. Little information is available about the variability of class alpha glutathione S-transferases in human liver, where they are highly expressed, or in serum. METHODS Both total class alpha glutathione S-transferase (GST-alpha, composed of GSTA1-1, GSTA1-2, and GSTA2-2) as well as GSTA1-1 concentrations were measured by specific and sensitive ELISA in liver cytosols of 35 organ donors and in plasma samples of 350 healthy controls. RESULTS The mean total GST-alpha and GSTA1-1 in liver cytosols were 25.1 +/- 9.4 and 10.7 +/- 5.3 microg/mg protein, respectively, and did not correlate with activities of aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase. The mean total GST-alpha in liver was significantly higher in females compared with males (28.8 +/- 10.0 vs 22.0 +/- 7.8 microg/mg protein; P <0.05). In contrast, the median total GST-alpha in plasma was lower in females compared with males (2.0 and 2.8 microg/L, respectively; P <0.0001). The median ratios for GSTA1-1/total GST-alpha in liver and plasma were 0.42 and 0.58, respectively. CONCLUSIONS GSTA1-1 constitutes approximately one-half of the total amount of alpha class GSTs in human plasma and liver. Total GST-alpha values are higher in female liver but lower in plasma compared with the respective values in males.