Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Control of Verticillium wilt of cotton by means of soil solarization and tolerant cultivars in southern Spain

Eight field experiments (I-VIII) were conducted in clay soils naturally infested with a cottondefoliating pathotype of Verticillium dahliae in the lower Guadalquivir Valley of Andalucia, southern Spain, during the period 1986-90. Experiments I-VI aimed to determine the eflBcacy of soil solarization in reducing populations of the pathogen in soil and eventually contributing to the control of Verticittium wilt of cotton. The population of V. dahliae in the 0- to 40-cm soil layer was reduced to undetectable or very low levels after solarization for 6 to 10 weeks. The final incidence of Verticillium wilt in the cotton crop following solarization was reduced to 13% or less in solarized plots, compared to 55-90-5% in unsolarized controls. The onset of disease incidence in the solarized plots was delayed by 2-7 weeks, increased at a lower rate, and had a smaller area under the disease progress ctirve, compared to that in unsolarized plots. Seed cotton yields in solarized plots increased by 11-3-130-9% depending upon experiments, cultivars and years. Experiments VII and VIII aimed to determine the use of the highly wilt-tolerant cotton cv. Acala GC 510 for control of the disease that had been cropped to susceptible cotton cultivars the year before in solarized soils. Solarized or unsolarized plots were first sown to susceptible cotton cvs Acala SJ2 and Coker 310, and the following year were sown to cv. Acala GC 510. The inoculum density of V. dahliae at the time of sowing cv. Acala GC 510 in previotisly solarized plots had increased to moderate levels, but remained considerably lower than that in unsolarized plots. The final disease incidence in cv. Acala GC 510 grown in unsolarized plots was lower than that in susceptible cultivars grown in the same plots the year before. Furthermore, the disease incidence in cv. Acala GC 510 grown in solarized plots was as high as that in susceptible cultivars grown the year before with much less initial inoculum.
The quasar PG 0844+349 in an X-ray weak state

In 2009 March the well-studied quasar, PG 0844+349, was discovered with Swift to be in an X-ray weak state. A follow-up XMM–Newton observation several weeks later generated a good-quality spectrum of the source, showing substantial curvature and spectral hardening. In combination with archival data at two previous epochs when the source was in a bright state, we examine the long-term spectral and timing properties of PG 0844+349 spanning nearly 10 yr and a factor of 10 in brightness. Partial covering and blurred reflection models are compared to the data at each flux state while attempting to maintain consistency between the various epochs. In terms of the blurred reflection model, PG 0844+349 is in a reflectiondominated state during the 2009 X-ray weak observations, which can be understood in terms of light bending. Moreover, the light bending scenario can also account for the short-term (i.e. ∼1000 s) spectral variability in the source. Other models cannot be decisively ruled out, but we note distinguishing features of the models that can be explored for in higher signal-to-noise ratio data from current and future observatories.
Analysis of Road Traffic Accidents in Kurnool City

Background: In road traffic, risk is a function of four elements. The main risk factors for road traffic injuries are- Factors influencing exposure to risk, Risk factors influencing crash involvement, Risk factors influencing crash severity, Risk factors influencing severity of post-crash injuries and Lack of appropriate care in the hospital emergency room. Materials & Methods: Information regarding the Road traffic accident and the accident victims is collected from casualty department of GGH, Kurnool. Data of accidents for a period of one year is collected to study the patterns of accidents. Results: During the study period of one year 808 accidents occurred. Men are more involved in comparison to women with men to women ratio of 4.78. People in the age group 20–39 yrs are the most affected. 34.4% accidents occurred when the victim was travelling on a motorcycle. 66.7% of accidents occurred in between 8 am and 8 pm. Conclusions: Majority of accidents occurred in the day while fatal accidents are more during the nights. Young people are the most affected with men to women ratio of around five. People travelling by motorized two wheelers are majority of the victims of road traffic accidents.
Mitigation potential and costs for global agricultural greenhouse gas emissions

Agricultural activities are a substantial contributor to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, accounting for about 58% of the world's anthropogenic non-carbon dioxide GHG emissions and 14% of all anthropogenic GHG emissions, and agriculture is often viewed as a potential source of relatively low-cost emissions reductions. We estimate the costs of GHG mitigation for 36 world agricultural regions for the 2000-2020 period, taking into account net GHG reductions, yield effects, livestock productivity effects, commodity prices, labor requirements, and capital costs where appropriate. For croplands and rice cultivation, we use biophysical, process-based models (DAYCENT and DNDC) to capture the net GHG and yield effects of baseline and mitigation scenarios for different world regions. For the livestock sector, we use information from the literature on key mitigation options and apply the mitigation options to emission baselines compiled by EPA. Copyright 2008 International Association of Agricultural Economists.
An Improved Method for Simplification of the Large Scale Linear Time Invariant Control System

In this paper, we introduce a new clustering algorithm based on Lehmer measure for simplifying the order of large scale dynamical system. This algorithm is applied with the combined advantages of retaining the dominant poles and the Pade approximation. The dominant pole algorithm adapted to select poles to obtain the cluster centre. The selection of poles for the cluster is based on from the viewpoint of important poles contribution to the system is preserved by dominant pole algorithm. Having obtained the denominator polynomial of the reduced model, the numerator terms are obtained using the Pade approximation method. The reduction algorithm is fully computer oriented. The reduced model is stable if the original model is stable. Moreover, this method gives a better approximation in both the transient and the steady-state responses of the original system.
Groundwater dynamics under water-saving irrigation and implications for sustainable water management in an oasis: Tarim River basin of western China

Water is essential for life. Specifically in the oases of inland arid basins, water is a critically limited resource, essential for the development of the socio-economy and the sustainability of eco-environmental systems. Due to the unique hydrological regime present in arid oases, a moderate groundwater table is the goal of sustainable water management. A shallow water table induces serious secondary salinization and collapse of agriculture, while a deep water table causes deterioration of natural vegetation. From the hydrological perspective, the exchange flux between the unsaturated vadose zone and groundwater reservoir is a critical link to understanding regional water table dynamics. This flux is substantially influenced by anthropogenic activities. In the Tarim River basin of western China, where agriculture consumes over 90% of available water resources, the exchange flux between the unsaturated vadose zone and groundwater reservoir is influenced strongly by irrigation. Recently, mulched drip irrigation, a sophisticated water-saving irrigation method, was widely applied in the Tarim River basin, which greatly impacted the exchange flux and thus the regional groundwater dynamics. Capitalizing on recent progress in evaporation measurement techniques, we can now close the water balance and directly quantify the exchange flux at the field scale, thus gaining a better understanding of regional groundwater dynamics. In this study, comprehensive observations of water balance components in an irrigated cropland were implemented in 2012 and 2013 in a typical oasis within the Tarim River basin. The water balance analysis showed that the exchange flux and groundwater dynamics were significantly altered by the application of water-saving irrigation. The exchange flux at the groundwater table is mostly downward (310.5 mm year −1 ), especially during drip irrigation period and spring flush period, while the upward flux is trivial (16.1 mm year −1 ) due to the moderate groundwater table depth (annual average depth 2.9 m). Traditional secondary salinization caused by intense phreatic evaporation (fed by upward exchange flux) is alleviated. However, a new form of secondary salinization may be introduced unwittingly if there is lack of water for periodic flushing, especially when brackish water is used in the irrigation. Furthermore, the water saved via drip irrigation has been used in further growth of irrigated lands instead of supporting the ecological system. This could lead to an increased risk of eco-environmental degradation and calls for improved governance schemes. The insights gained from this study can be potentially applied to other arid inland areas (e.g., central Asia) which face similar water shortages and human development problems.
CBR period dependent adaptive routing algorithm for MANET

Ad-hoc network is an autonomous self-organizing system without infrastructure that mobile node communication based routing protocol. Although several routing protocols were proposed, how to select immediate nodes for routing with less delay to the destination becomes one of the most important issues. Hop by hop routing protocol create routing table for communication. For create routing table must know neighbor node information (e.g. IP Address) through control message. It brings performance degradation due to control message overhead. In this paper, we proposed the algorithm that decreases control message and the technique which reduces overhead.
Performance Analysis and Channel Resource Management in Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks

Building a wireless sensor network (\i\TSN) based on cognitive radio can be promising in the near future in order to provide data t ransmissions with quality of service requirements , while avoiding the interference in the license-free spectrum and high cost in accessing dedicated spectrum. In this thesis, we design a cognitive radio sensor network (CRSN) that integrates wireless sensor networking and cognitive radio technology, and analyze its performance. The network opportunistically accesses vacant channels in the licensed spect rum. \i\Then the current channel becomes unavailable, the devices switch to another available channel. The network supports both real-time and non-real-time t raffic. Delay performance for the realtime t raffic and throughput for the non-realtime traffic are studied. Two types of the real-time t raffic are considered: bursty traffic where a burst of packets are generated periodically and each burst includes a random number of packets , and Poisson traffic where packet arrivals follow a Poisson process. Analytical models are developed for the average packet t ransmission delay 'when supporting each type of the realtime t raffic, and simulation resul ts of both the average transmission delay and packet drop rate performance are demonstrated . Our results indicate that real-time traffic can be effectively supported in the CRSN. Given the total number of candidate channels that can possibly be used by a CRSN, vve consider
The Effect of Product Demand on Inequality: Evidence from the US and the UK

This paper examines the relationship between product demand and the pattern of rising skill premia and rising employment of skilled workers in the US and the UK since the 1980s. If more skilled workers demand more skill-intensive goods, then an increase in relative skill supply will also induce a shift in relative skill demand. This channel reduces the need to rely on technology and trade to explain the patterns in the data. This paper shows that in the US more educated and richer workers demand more low skill-intensive services (such as cleaning and personal services) but also more skill-intensive services (such as education and professional services). The parametrization of a simple model suggests that this induced demand shift can explain around 7% of the total relative demand shift in the US between 1984 and 2002. Similar results are provided for the UK.
Application of Game Theory to Cocoa Production Management Systems in Ondo State, Nigeria

Cocoa production is susceptible to a number of risks such as unavailability of enough land, unavailability of agro-chemicals, variation in product prices and a host of others. This study utilized game theory to determine the cocoa production management system which maximizes the income of farmers under risks. Data on cocoa production were collected from a random sample of 200 farmers practicing the three cocoa production management systems viz: Owner management system, Lease management system as well as Sharecropped management system. The games were constructed based on the income per hectare obtained from each of the three management systems. Maximax and Maximin criteria of game theory were used in the analysis. The Maximax criterion showed that the best management system to practice by cocoa farmers was Sharecropped management system (Income per hectare of N214,847) while the result of the Maximin showed that the best management system was Owner management system ( Income per hectare of N92,463). The study therefore recommended for optimistic farmers to practice Sharecropped management system while Owner management system is recommended for pessimistic farmers.
DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF MULTIPLE FLEXIBLE STRIPS ON A MULTILAYERED POROELASTIC HALF-PLANE

We study the dynamic response of multiple flexible strip foundations resting on a multilayered poroelastic half-plane subjected to time-harmonic vertical loading. The contact surface between the strip foundations and the half-plane is assumed to be smooth and either fully permeable or impermeable. The half-plane under consideration consists of a number of layers with different thicknesses and material properties, and is governed by Biot’s poroelastodynamic theory. The vertical deflection of the strip foundation is represented by an admissible function containing a set of generalized coordinates. Solutions for generalized coordinates are obtained by establishing the equations of motion of the foundation through the application of Lagrange’s equations of motion. Selected numerical results are presented to demonstrate the influence of foundation rigidity, hydraulic boundary conditions, layer properties and configuration, and distance of adjacent foundations on dynamic interaction between flexible strip foundations and a multilayered poroelastic half-plane.
A Decade-Bandwidth Distributed Power Amplifier MMIC Using 0.25 μm GaN HEMT Technology

This study presents a 2–20 GHz monolithic distributed power amplifier (DPA) using a 0.25 μm AlGaN/GaN on SiC high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) technology. The gate width of the HEMT was selected after considering the input capacitance of the unit cell that guarantees decade bandwidth. To achieve high output power using small transistors, a 12-stage DPA was designed with a nonuniform drain line impedance to provide optimal output power matching. The maximum operating frequency of the proposed DPA is above 20 GHz, which is higher than those of other DPAs manufactured with the same gate-length process. The measured output power and power-added efficiency of the DPA monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) are 35.3–38.6 dBm and 11.4%–31%, respectively, for 2–20 GHz.
Morphological, physiological and biochemical responses of plants to nickel stress: a review.

Nickel (Ni), is the 22nd abundant element in the earth crust, being an essential mineral nutrient found in natural soils in trace concentrations. The elevated levels of Ni pollution in the environment are due to industrial and agricultural activities. It is vitally important to understand both, the functional characteristics and toxic effects of Ni in plants. The quantity of Ni required for normal growth and development of plants is very low. However, Ni has been identified as a component of various enzymes in plants and has decisive metabolism for certain enzyme activities, like maintaining proper cellular redox state and various other biochemical, physiological and growth responses. The higher concentration of Ni is associated with serpentine soils, manifestation in plant chlorosis and inhibits root and shoot growth. Excess of Ni inhibits a large number of enzymes and interferes with several aspects of plant biochemistry, including photosynthesis, pigment synthesis, and membrane integrity. This article is based on the overview of available data of past two decades that in core, itencompasses the ill morphological, physiological and biochemical effects of Ni stress on plants. Key words: Nickel stress, growth, yield, antioxidative system, gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments.
What the Adoption Literature can teach us about Social Media and Network Effects on Food Choices

Decisions about food choices in terms of products, preparation, and venue are technology choices in the context of the household production function where consumers consider benefits from taste, health, convenience, and budget given different technologies and information. The literature on adoption in economics and marketing as well as the literature on information sources in food decision-making provides a context to assess the impact of new information and new media on food choices. This literature suggests that consumers use media for identifying information relevant to their decisions, but make final assessments based on total benefits and the probability of fit of a product in meeting their needs. Consumers rely on both formal and informal sources of information in making different choices, and electronic social networks improve the quality of and help more effectively target information from formal sources, but especially information from informal sources. Informational networks expand access of visual information to consumers when making food choices, and allow real-time interaction among consumers that enables them to be more informed about these decisions. Finally, food providers will recognize the role of electronic social networks and new media in food choices, and thus may use them to influence consumers’ food selection.
Psychopathy and Failures of Ordinary Doing

One of the philosophical discussions stimulated by the recent scientific study of psychopathy concerns the mental illness status of this construct. This paper contributes to this debate by recommending a way of approaching the problem at issue. By relying on and integrating the seminal work of the philosopher of psychiatry Bill Fulford, I argue that a mental illness is a harmful unified construct that involves failures of ordinary doing. Central to the present proposal is the idea that the notion of failure of ordinary doing, besides the first personal experience of the patient, has to be spelled out also by referring to a normative account of idealised conditions of agency. This account would have to state in particular the conditions which are required for moral responsibility. I maintain that psychopathy is a unified enough construct that involves some harms. The question whether the condition involves also a failure of ordinary doing, as this notion is understood in this paper, is not investigated here.
Chapter 4 Early-Stage Progression of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer can be defined as a group of diseases with heterogeneous origins, molecular profiles and behaviors characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of cells within the mammary tissue. Around one in eight women in the US will develop breast cancer in their lifetime, making it the second most frequently diagnosed cancer behind skin cancer [1]. In 2015, an estimated 231,840 cases of invasive carcinoma were diagnosed, and over 40,000 deaths were caused by breast cancer which accounts for almost 7% of all cancer mortality each year [1, 2]. In 2015, 60,290 cases of in situ breast cancer were diagnosed, representing over 14% of all new cancer cases among women and men [1]. The steep increase in diagnosis of early‐stage breast cancer over the past 10 years is believed to be a result of more frequent mammography. However, since over half of these in situ lesions will not progress to invasive breast cancer, controversies have arisen about approaches to treatment and prevention of progression of early‐stage in situ breast cancer. Understanding the mechanisms of transition of normal breast to in situ pre‐neoplastic lesions and invasive breast cancer is currently a major focus of breast cancer research with implications for preventive and clinical management of breast cancer. In this review, we give an overview of current knowledge on the molecular and pathological changes that occur during early‐stage progression of breast cancer and describe some of the current models that are used to study this process.
Quality of Life in Chungcheong area University Students according to their Sensory Processing Intervention

This research investigated the sensory processing ability and selected subjects who had sensory processing problems, and divided the subjects into an experimental group and control group. The experimental group was educated with sensory processing intervention on the activities of daily living to determine its influence on the quality of life. The study was based on 230 university students with similar majors in 3 universities of Chungcheong area in the beginning of May, 2013. From here, 32 subjects who had issues with their sensory processing ability were selected. The 230 students were given a survey on the quality of life, individual characteristics, and sensory processing ability. Later, the 32 subjects who had problems with their sensory processing ability were divided into an experimental group and control group. The control group performed sensory processing intervention, whereas the control group did not. After the sensory processing intervention method for 6 weeks, the quality of life was re-evaluated. As a result, the total score of the quality of life after intervention was 98.69 in the experimental group and 84.81 in the control group (p
A Novel Current-Mode SIMO Type Universal Filter Using CFTAs

In this paper a new active element for the realization of current-mode analog blocks Current Follower Transconductance Amplifier (CFTA) is presented. The element is a combination of the Current Follower (CF) and the Balanced Output Transconductance Amplifier (BOTA). In the paper we also document another extended active element CFTA which has more current outputs than can be realized by the UCC-N1B circuit, which was developed at our workplace. The application of this active element is shown on the realization of current-mode second-order universal frequency filters of the type SIMO (single-inputmulti-output). The circuit structure consists of three active and three passive elements. The circuit was analyzed using signal-flow graphs. The properties of the proposed universal filter were subjected to a sensitivity analysis and AC analysis using PSpice software.