Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
T cell-mediated immunity to oncornavirus-induced tumors. II. Ability of different T cell sets to prevent tumor growth in vivo.

These studies demonstrate that two different types of protective immunologic reactions are generated in mice after inoculation with M.MSV. Type I protection, mediated by Ly1 cells, prevents MSV-induced sarcomas but has no effect on the growth of MLV+ lymphomas. This anti-MSV protection reflects induction of antivirion antibody and delayed type hypersensitivity reaction. Type II protection is mediated by Ly23 cells and prevents the growth of an MLV+ lymphoma, but has little or no protective effects against MSV-induced sarcomas. This "type II" reaction is directly related to CTL activity. The implications of these two protective reaction are discussed.
Job Matching with Prior Information and Managerial Appointment Contract *

When a candidate for the top management position is pre-associated with the firm, prior information exists that partially reveals his suitability for the position. In a dynamic framework of job matching, we show that in the presence of such pre-appointment information, the firm’s decision on managerial appointment differs in significant ways between inside and outside candidates. The differences involve the timing of appointment (as when an inside or outside manager is appointed) and the terms of employment contract (pay amount, pay-performance sensitivity, and termination). The model provides a unified job-matching explanation of a variety of phenomena in managerial departure and succession. JEL classification: G30; J33 ; J63
Kiss-and-run, fuse-pinch-and-linger, fuse-and-collapse: The life and times of a neurosecretory granule

The fate of secretory membrane after fusion with the cell surface has been a subject of interest and considerable debate for almost 30 years. At nerve terminals, the limited number of synaptic vesicles and often high rates of action potential firing require that efficient machinery be in place to recover and replenish the vesicle pool to sustain the flow of information across the synapse over time. Since the first description of vesicle recycling at synapses (1, 2), a debate about the nature of the machinery responsible for this task has persisted.
Towards Euclidean Reconstruction From Video Sequences

This paper presents two algorithms needed to perform a dense 3D-reconstruction from video streams recorded with uncalibrated cameras. Our algorithm for camera self-calibration makes extensive use of the constant focal length. Furthermore, a fast dense reconstruction can be performed by fusion of tessellations obtained from different sub-sequences (LIFT). Moreover, we will present our system for performing the reconstruction in a projective coordinate system. Since critical motions are common in the majority of practical situations, care has been taken to recognize and deal with them.
cis- and trans-cleavage activities of poliovirus 2A protease expressed in Escherichia coli

The poliovirus protease, 2Apro, was produced in Escherichia coli from plasmids that encode a fusion protein consisting of the N-terminal portion of the bacterial TrpE protein linked to poliovirus 2Apro. This fusion protein underwent efficient autocatalytic cleavage at the N terminus of 2Apro, generating the mature protease. Extracts of bacteria expressing 2Apro induced the specific cleavage of the p220 subunit of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F, similar to the 2Apro-mediated reaction that occurs in poliovirus-infected HeLa cells. A portion of the poliovirus polyprotein containing the 2Apro cleavage site at the P1/P2 junction was produced by translation of cDNA transcripts in rabbit reticulocyte lysates and then tested as a substrate for 2Apro-mediated cleavage. The protein was partially cleaved by 2Apro in trans. Finally, a 16-amino-acid synthetic peptide, representing the P1/P2 junction sequence, was analyzed as a substrate for 2Apro. The peptide was labeled with fluorescein at a lysine residue to facilitate its detection. Recombinant 2Apro cleaved the synthetic peptide into two half-peptide molecules which were resolved by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Direct sequence analysis of the isolated peptide products demonstrated that cleavage occurred at the expected tyrosine-glycine pair. A rapid cleavage assay for 2Apro activity on the synthetic peptide was developed, using separation of the fluorescein-labeled 8-amino-acid product from the 16-residue substrate by electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels.
Sensitivity of polar stratospheric cloud formation to changes in water vapour and temperature

More than a decade ago it was suggested that a cooling of stratospheric temperatures by 1 K or an increase of 1 ppmv of stratospheric water vapour could promote denitrification, the permanent removal of nitrogen species from the stratosphere by solid polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) particles. In fact, during the two Arctic winters 2009/10 and 2010/11 the strongest denitrification in the recent decade was observed. Sensitivity studies along air parcel trajectories are performed to test how a future stratospheric water vapour (H2O) increase of 1 ppmv or a temperature decrease of 1K would affect PSC formation. We perform our study based on measurements made during the Arctic winter 2010/11. Air parcel trajectories were calculated 6 days backward in time based on PSCs detected by CALIPSO (Cloud Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder satellite observations). The sensitivity study was performed on single trajectories as well as on a trajectory ensemble. The sensitivity study shows a clear prolongation of the potential for PSC formation and PSC existence when the temperature in the stratosphere is decreased by 1K and water vapour is increased by 1 ppmv. Based on 15 years of satellite measurements (20002014) from UARS/HALOE, Envisat/MIPAS, Odin/SMR, Aura/MLS, Envisat/SCIAMACHY and SCISAT/ACE-FTS it is further investigated if there is a decrease in temperature and/or increase of water vapour (H2O) observed in the polar regions similar to that observed at midlatitudes and in the tropics. Performing linear regression analyses we derive from the Envisat/MIPAS (2002-2012) and Aura/MLS (2004-2014) observations predominantly positive changes in the potential temperature range 350 to 1000 K. The linear changes in water vapour derived from Envisat/MIPAS observations are largely insignificant, while those from Aura/MLS are mostly significant. For the temperature neither of the two instruments indicate any significant changes. Given the strong inter-annual variation observed in water vapour and particular temperature the severe denitrification observed in 2010/11 cannot be directly related to any changes in water vapour and temperature since the millennium. However, the observations indicate a clear correlation between cold winters and enhanced water vapour mixing ratios. This indicates a connection between dynamical and radiative processes that govern water vapour and temperature in the Arctic lower stratosphere.
Analytical solution and verification of diffusion effect in SSFP

Assuming that the SSFP magnetization response maintains a steady state which is penodic in the presence of diffusion, we can solve for the diffusion effect in such sequences. Formulating a Fourier series decomposition solution to the Bloch‐Torrey equation and imposing the steady‐state condition, analytical expressions describing the signal decay due to diffusion are developed. Magnetization responses for any system and sequence parameters can then be obtained. Also, sensitivity to b factor changes is quite different than standard diffusion measurement techniques. Assumptions made in the solution are verified via finite difference solutions and simulations of the Bloch‐Torrey equation.
Global Distant Supervision for Relation Extraction

Machine learning approaches to relation extraction are typically supervised and require expensive labeled data. To break the bottleneck of labeled data, a promising approach is to exploit easily obtained indirect supervision knowledge – which we usually refer to as distant supervision (DS). However, traditional DS methods mostly only exploit one specific kind of indirect supervision knowledge – the relations/facts in a given knowledge base, thus often suffer from the problem of lack of supervision. In this paper, we propose a global distant supervision model for relation extraction, which can: 1) compensate the lack of supervision with a wide variety of indirect supervision knowledge; and 2) reduce the uncertainty in DS by performing joint inference across relation instances. Experimental results show that, by exploiting the consistency between relation labels, the consistency between relations and arguments, and the consistency between neighbor instances using Markov logic, our method significantly outperforms traditional DS approaches.
An efficient approach for NAT traversal problem on security of voice over internet protocol

This paper evaluates an efficient approach for network address translation (NAT) problem on voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) network system. Based on our experiment, we examined the latency, buffer size and voice packet loss under various network conditions. We found that it is possible to establish a call from outside the NAT to inside maintaining the quality issues of VoIP call. With this approach it is possible to use the current network architecture with having few changes in the registrar server. Based on this result, we propose a model for VoIP system that eliminates NAT traversal problem of VoIP call setup. Hence we evaluate our model showing the QoS conditions that achieves both high efficiency and secure voice transmission.
Drug-induced Ca'' Release from Isolated Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Calcium ions that have been preloaded into isolated SR subfractions in the presence of ATP and pyrophos- phate may be released upon addition of a large number of diverse pharmacologic substances in a manner that is effectively blocked by ruthenium red and other or- ganic polyamines. Effective blocking substances in- clude certain antibiotics (neomycin, gentamicin, strep- tomycin, clindamycin, kanamycin, and tobramycin), naturally occurring polyamines (spermine and sper- midine), and a number of basic polypeptides and pro- teins (polylysine, polyarginine, certain histones, and protamine). These agents have only one feature in common: the presence of several amino groups. Ruthe- nium red, neomycin, spermine, and protamine all ap- pear to act by blocking SR Ca” channels since unidi- rectional 4sCa2+ efflux from the vesicles
Early diagnosis and stage-adapted treatment of Wegener’s granulomatosis

A case of Wegener’s granulomatosis (WG) presenting with hearing loss and right facial nerve palsy is reported. The definitive diagnosis was based upon clinical data and serum cANCA and AECA detection. Early assessment of WG prevented surgical facial nerve decompression to treat a chronic otitis media complication. Immunosuppressive therapy with steroids, cyclophosphamide and methotrexate was required for relief of clinical symptoms and cANCA negativity as an expression of disease remission. The effectiveness of co-trimoxazole for preventing relapses of WG is discussed.
Simultaneous measurement of magnetization and magnetostriction in 50 T pulsed high magnetic fields.

To simultaneously perform magnetization and magnetostriction measurements in high magnetic fields, a miniaturized device was developed that combines an inductive magnetometer with a capacitive dilatometer and, therefore, it is called "dilamagmeter. " This combination of magnetic and magnetoelastic investigations is a new step to a complex understanding of solid state properties. The whole system can be mounted in a 12 mm clear bore of any cryostat usually used in nondestructive pulsed high field magnets. The sensitivity of both methods is about 10(-5) A m(2) for magnetization and 10(-5) relative changes in length for striction measurements. Measurements on a GdSi single crystal, which are corrected by the background signal of the experimental setup, agree well with the results of steady field experiments. All test measurements, which are up until now performed in the temperature range of 4-100 K, confirm the perfect usability and high stability in pulsed fields up to 50 T with a pulse duration of 10 ms.
The Leaning Tower Illusion: A New Illusion of Perspective

We would like to describe a new illusion of perspective that to our knowledge has not been reported before. Figure 1 shows two images of the Leaning Tower of Pisa placed next to one another. One obtains a strong impression that the tower on the right leans more, as if photographed from a different angle. Yet the two images are identical, as close inspection will reveal. The explanation for this illusion would seem to be straightforward. Consider the photograph in figure 2a of the Petronas twin towers in Kuala Lumpur. Both towers are physically vertical, but in the two-dimensional projection their corresponding outlines are not parallel but converge as the towers recede into the distance. Our knowledge of perspective however compensates for this and leads us to perceive the inclinations of the two towers veridically. It follows that if the corresponding outlines of a pair of physically identical, receding objects are parallel in the two-dimensional projection, the objects cannot be physically parallel but, instead, must be diverging as they recede from view. This is clearly what we perceive in figure 2b, where the right-hand tower has been replaced with a copy of the one on the left. Now the corresponding outlines are parallel, and the two towers appear to diverge, as in figure 1. The illusion is not restricted to towers photographed from below, but works well with other scenes, such as the tram lines in figure 3. What the illusion reveals is not a failure of perspective per se, but the tendency of the visual system to treat two side-by-side images as if part of the same scene. However hard we try, we seem unable to see the two photographs of the Leaning Tower in figure 1 as separate, albeit identical, images of the same object. Instead, our visual system regards the images as thèTwin Towers of Pisa', whose two-dimensional projection leads to thècorrect' interpretation that one tower is leaning more than the other. Last but not least 475 (a) (b) Figure 2. (a) Photograph of the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur by Thomas Haltner. (b) Two copies of the left-hand tower. Reproduced with permission from TH. 476 Last but not least Acknowledgment.
Advanced ioff measureable MOSFET array with eliminating leakage current of peripheral circuits

A Novel Ioff measurable MOSFET array has been developed. Body bias of peripheral circuit is controlled in order to eliminate the unwanted leakage current in peripheral circuit. SPICE simulation results indicate 10-14A or less of Ioff can be measured, and it is demonstrated that around 10-12A of Ioff can be measured directly without any additional correction measurement. Since it can be fit into scribe line, Ion and Ioff can be measured with high accuracy for plenty of MOSFETs during mass production. In addition, MOSFET characteristics depending on various types of layout parameters will be able to extract efficiently.
eGovWDF:Validation - A new approach to input validation in Web based eGovernment applications

In this paper we introduce the topic input validation, analyze its great importance to Web applications and suggest a new comprehensive approach to input validation. The approach has been developed as a result of an evaluation of current input validation approaches that showed that no sufficient solution to common input validation requirements is available at present. The paper describes important requirements for input validation frameworks, especially in the Web context, and introduces main concepts of this approach. The approach is based on the declarative, rule based definition of validation logic and the automatic translation of validation rules into server side and client side code. It supports conditional, composite and complex inter-field validation scenarios. It considers topics such as value normalization, inter-field dependencies and validation actions and integrates these aspects into a consistent validator based system. Our evaluation shows the benefits of this new approach and highlights its advantages compared to other popular and promising approaches such as PowerForms or Topes.
Rarity of a Marked “Dawn Phenomenon” in Diabetic Subjects Treated by Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion

We assessed the quality of overnight glycemic control and the frequency of the “dawn phenomenon” (nadir–0800 h glycemic increase) in 41 insulin-dependent diabetic patients treated by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). Mean plasma glucose levels were near-normal during the 24 h and, in particular, constant throughout the night. In a subset of six patients overnight plasma free insulin concentrations were also constant during CSII. The majority of profiles (88%) showed a glucose nadir from 2.0 to 5.9 mmol/L (most frequently at 0600 h) and had an 0800 h value from 2.0 to 6.9 mmol/L (92%). A large proportion (46%) of profiles showed a zero or negative nadir-0800 h glycemic increase. In 22 patients with three or more profiles recorded at the same basal insulin infusion rate, only one of 103 profiles had a fasting glycemic increase greater than an arbitrary value of 5.0 mmol/L (5.3), although many patients exhibited small dawn glycemic increases (e.g., 14 of 22 had a mean increase of from 0 to 2 mmol/L). In 12 subjects a 15% reduction in basal insulin infusion rate increased the mean ± SEM dawn glycemic increase from 0.58 ± 0.25 mmol/L to 2.7 ± 0.76 mmol/L (P < 0.025) as well as significantly increasing the nocturnal nadir and 0800 h plasma glucose concentrations. Thus, a marked dawn phenomenon is rare when a single but adequate basal infusion rate is used for CSII, and this questions the need in the majority of patients for preprogrammable pumps with nocturnal infusion rate changes.
Culicoides mohave (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae): New Occurrence Records and Potential Role in Transmission of Hemorrhagic Disease

Abstract Biting midges of the genus Culicoides are important in the transmission of viral diseases affecting wild and domestic ungulates, including bluetongue (BLU) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD). The primary known vector for these viruses is C. sonorensis Wirth & Jones, however, it has been speculated that other species of Culicoides may also be involved. One potential candidate is C. mohave, a poorly studied species found in inland desert areas of the southwestern United States. In 2000 and 2001, we collected C. mohave and C. sonorensis at six sites in a previously unsurveyed area in the Sonoran Desert of southwestern Arizona and used PCR to detect nucleic acids associated with BLU and EHD viruses. C. mohave was abundant at two low-elevation sites on the study area, but uncommon or absent elsewhere. C. sonorensis commonly occurred along with C. mohave at one site, but was much less abundant. All C. mohave pools were negative for BLU viral RNA, however, 35% yielded positive results for EHD. All C. sonorensis were negative for both BLU and EHD. Our results suggest that C. mohave is a potential vector of EHD virus in this area, however additional studies are needed to determine its ability to transmit EHD.
Cancun , Mexico OMAE 2003-37340 FORCE-FEEDBACK CONTROL IN VIV EXPERIMENTS

le ith at n on in ly . ace rs d ABSTRACT A force-feedback control system for VIV experiments is designed and evaluated for the purpose of achieving hig accuracy free vibration tests. Through an organized approac this work details specific methods for minimizing the combined effect of mass and damping using control system fundamenta The dynamics of the closed-loop system are analyzed, a n merical model constructed and a control scheme is chosen a implemented in real-time. The control system performance evaluated by performing frequency response tests in air. Free vibrations of a smooth aluminum cylinder are per formed at Reynolds number 19000. Test series with dampin ratios of one, two and five percent are performed, all with nondimensional mass four. A peak amplitude ratio of 1.15 i observed for the case of lowest damping. Forced vibration tes with the same setup are performed and compared to the fr vibration results, giving consistent results.
SIR 2-Deficient Leishmania infantum Induces a Defined IFN-! / IL-10 Pattern That Correlates with Protection 1

The ability to manipulate the Leishmania genome to create genetically modified parasites by introducing or eliminating genes is considered a powerful alternative for developing a new generation vaccine against leishmaniasis. Previously, we showed that the deletion of one allele of the Leishmania infantum silent information regulatory 2 (LiSIR2) locus was sufficient to dramatically affect amastigote axenic proliferation. Furthermore, LiSIR2 single knockout (LiSIR2) amastigotes were unable to replicate in vitro inside macrophages. Because this L. infantum mutant persisted in BALB/c mice for up to 6 wk but failed to establish an infection, we tested its ability to provide protection toward a virulent L. infantum challenge. Strikingly, vaccination with a single i.p. injection of LiSIR2 single knockout elicits complete protection. Thus, vaccinated BALB/c mice showed a reversal of T cell anergy with specific anti-Leishmania cytotoxic activity and high levels of NO production. Moreover, vaccinated mice simultaneously generated specific anti-Leishmania IgG Ab subclasses suggestive of both type 1 and type 2 responses. A strong correlation was found between the elimination of the parasites and an increased Leishmania-specific IFN-! /IL-10 ratio. Therefore, we propose that the polarization to a high IFN-! /low IL-10 ratio after challenge is a clear indicator of vaccine success. Furthermore these mutants, which presented attenuated virulence, represent a good model to understand the correlatives of protection in visceral leishmaniasis. The Journal of Immunology, 2007, 179: 3161–3170.
Association between discordant immunological response to highly active anti‐retroviral therapy, regulatory T cell percentage, immune cell activation and very low‐level viraemia in HIV‐infected patients

The mechanisms sustaining the absence of complete immune recovery in HIV‐infected patients upon long‐term effective highly active anti‐retroviral therapy (HAART) remain elusive. Immune activation, regulatory T cells (Tregs) or very low‐level viraemia (VLLV) have been alternatively suspected, but rarely investigated simultaneously. We performed a cross‐sectional study in HIV‐infected aviraemic subjects (mean duration of HAART: 12 years) to concomitantly assess parameters associated independently with inadequate immunological response. Patients were classified as complete immunological responders (cIR, n = 48) and inadequate immunological responders (iIR, n = 39), depending on the CD4+ T cell count (> or < 500/mm3). Clinical and virological data (including very low‐level viraemia) were collected. In parallel, immunophenotyping of CD4+ lymphocytes, including Treg subsets, and CD8+ T cells was performed. Percentages of activated CD4+ T cells, Tregs, effector Tregs and terminal effector Tregs were found to be significantly elevated in iIR. Neither the percentage of activated CD8+ T cells nor VLLV were found to be associated with iIR. In the multivariate analysis, nadir of CD4+ T cell count and percentage of Tregs were the only two parameters associated independently with iIR [odds ratio (OR) = 2·339, P = 0·001, and OR = 0·803, P = 0·041]. We present here the largest study investigating simultaneously the immune response to long‐term HAART, activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, Treg percentages and very low‐level viraemia. Causative interactions between Tregs and CD4+ T cells should now be explored prospectively in a large patients cohort.