Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Les formes tardivesde la maladie d’Alzheimer : de la génétique à la biologie

A ce jour, quatre determinants genetiques de la maladie d’Alzheimer ont ete identifies. Cependant, dans les formes tardives de cette maladie, survenant au-dela de 65 ans, le gene de l’apoli-poproteine E constitue le seul facteur de susceptibilite genetique reconnu. Plusieurs hypotheses expliqueraient le risque confere a l’allele e4 de ce gene en favorisant la formation des depots amyloides (une des caracteristiques neuropathologiques de la maladie), a travers ses liens avec le metabolisme des lipides ou bien par le developpement d’une reponse inflammatoire. Afin d’identifier d’autres genes de susceptibilite de cette maladie, des criblages genomiques ont ete entrepris. Certaines regions chromosomiques ont ete selectionnees, notamment sur les chromosomes 12 et 10. Ces donnees recentes soulignent l’heterogeneite genetique de la maladie d’Alzheimer et la difficulte d’identifier les autres genes de susceptibilite de cette maladie multi-factorielle.
Hydrothermal processing of barley (cv. Blenheim): optimisation of phytate degradation and increase of free myo-inositol

Optimal conditions were developed for hydrothermal processing of whole barley kernels (cv. Blenheim) to degrade phytate (myo-inositol hexaphosphate) and to increase the content of freemyo-inositol. The hydrothermal treatment comprised of two wet steeps, where lactic acid solution of different concentrations was used, and two dry steeps followed by successive drying. Experiments were performed as a central composite design and evaluated by multiple linear regression. The variables in the experiments were temperature in the first wet and dry steep (T1), temperature in the second wet and dry steep (T2) and lactic acid solution concentration in both wet steeps (C) and mathematical models were developed in these variables. Optimal conditions for maximal phytate degradation and for maximal increase of freemyo-inositol wereT1=48 °C,T2=48–50 °C andC=0·8%, at these conditions the amount of phytate was reduced by 95–96% and the freemyo-inositol concentration was increased from 0·56 to 2·45 μmol/g d.m. We conclude that this hydrothermal process can be used to produce a barley product (cv. Blenheim) with a low phytate content and a high level of freemyo-inositol.
Distribución y abundancia de la gamba Haliporoides diomedeae (Crustacea: Decapoda: Penaeidae) frente a la costa central de Chile

A survey over the continental slope off the central coast of Chile (32o10'S a 34o42'S), with a bottom trawl net, was conducted to gather fishing-biological antecedents and assess the red royal shrimp resource (Haliporoides diomedeae), between August 8th and September 16th, 2002. The sampling design was set in two steps, with transects perpendicular to the coast, separated by 10 nm. Assessment hauls between them were performed to improve the estimates precision. The total catch of the species reached 11 ton. Samples were taken on each haul. Measurements were taken on 50.713 specimens, recording carapace lengths (L c ) between 12 and 72 mm, with a mean of 30 mm and mode at 28 mm. Length at physical maturity (L c ), was established in 32,5 mm for males and 37,5 mm for females. During the study a total of 265 fishing hauls were taken between 295 and 682 m, obtaining 179 positive trawls with red royal shrimps. The highest yields were obtained over 500 m depth. The resource was found to be distributed in two abundance aggregates of 620,5 and 539,2 km 2 each, separated by the San Antonio Canyon. The vulnerable biomass determined in the study area was between 702 and 745 tons, of which 237,7 tons correspond to specimens with length over first physical maturity According to these results, the red royal shrimp is positioned as a complementary resource among other crustaceans traditionally exploited in shallower waters.
Ecological factors influencing sexual segregation and group size in fallow deer (Dama dama)

Grouping patterns in fallow deer Dama dama were studied between 1986-9 by direct observation from transects of eight populations in the New Forest and adjacent agricultural land in southern England. Study populations were chosen on the bais of pronounced differences in population density, sex ratio, and dispersion, and differences between the sites in habitat availability and patterns of habitat use. Within both forest and agricultural study sites, a large majority of female deer was observed in single sex female groups throughout the year. The lowest levels of female segregation occurred during the autumn reproductive period. Males generally exhibited lower levels of sexual segregation than females, particularly during winter and spring. In the forest sites, winter and spring mixed-sex groups in agricultural sites contained mature males throughout the year and were not exclusively based on habitats used for feeding. There was a negative correlation between the extent of winter and spring male segregation and population sex ratio, suggesting that males join female groups when male densities are relatively low. Female group size varied seasonally in all sites, attaining maximum values in winter or spring and minimum values in summer or autumn. This was not a reflection of changing patterns of habitat use; group size varied seasonally in both open and closed habitats. Female groups were larger in open habitats than in closed habitats throughout the year. The size of female groups varied between the study sites but there were no clear differences in overall female group size between the forest and agricultural sites. There was a tendency for open habitat group size to be largest in the forest sites and closed habitat group size to be largest in the agricultural sites. Female group size overall was unrelated to the proportion of each site occupied by closed habitat. However, an increase in the amount of closed habitat was reflected by a decrease in closed habitat group size. Female group size overall was negatively related to the use of closed habitat; not surprisingly, an increase in use of open habitats resulted in increased overall group size. Female group size overall was not related to density; large groups occurred in both high and low density sites. However, in high density populations, open habitat group size was larger and closed habitat group size smaller than in low density populations.
Juvenile hormone identification, titer, and degradation during the last larval stadium of Spodoptera littoralis

Juvnile hormone (JH) was identified and titers determined during the last larval stadium of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis using combined gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring-mass spectrometry. JH was almost exclusively limited to JH II, occurring at two major peaks: the first at the beginning of the stadium and the second at days 4 and 5 just after wandering. Degradation of JH and α-naphthyl acetate (α-NA) in hemolymph and fat body was determined during the same developmental periods. JH degradation in hemolymph occurred initially as a broad bimodal peak during the second half of feeding, with peaks at days 2 and 3. The second peak occurred at the end of the stadium, subsequent to the second JH II titer peak. Three α-NA esterase peaks in hemolymph were detected when JH degradation was at a very low level. Fat body JH degradation was resolved as four activity peaks throughout the stadium, with the first three peaks occurring just previous to the JH degradation peaks in the hemolymph. The highest levels of JH and α-NA degradation activities in fat body were related to the wandering stage.
Diversity, endemism and evolution in the Coral Triangle

In a recent paper by D. R. Bellwood and C. P. Meyer (‘Searching for heat in a marine biodiversity hotspot’, Journal of Biogeography, 2009, 36, 569–576), the authors had two evident objectives: (1) to disprove the theory that the geographical origins of reef organisms could be determined by locating concentrations of endemic species, and (2) to emphasize that the high diversity of the Coral Triangle was due to an accumulation of species from outside that area. With regard to the first point, no such theory had previously been proposed to my knowledge. Second, the accumulation theory was promoted without consideration of the facts supporting the centre of origin hypothesis, except to dismiss it by saying that it had its origin in pre‐continental drift ideas. This short response outlines the properties and evidence for the operation of centres of origin in this region.
Sexological approach to ejaculatory dysfunction1

Summary Ejaculatory disorders include premature, deficient (delayed ejaculation and anejaculation) and retrograde ejaculation. A rare symptom connected to ejaculatory disorders is male anorgasmia. In the past, ejaculatory disorders were considered as typical relational and psychological symptoms. For this reason, a number of behavioural and psycho-relational approaches have flourished from the first ideas of curing sexual problems with empirical therapy, focusing on the symptoms of sexual pathology. Such treatment includes assessment, behavioural and educational components, psychotherapy in the context of the relationship and sexual timetables. Recent advances in understanding the importance and frequency of ejaculatory disorders, insights into their organic and non-organic pathophysiology and the efficacy of a growing arsenal of pharmacological therapies lead to a new challenge which can be confronted only with the development of new, integrated therapeutic alternatives from a modern somato-psychic and holistic viewpoint.
Influence of Varying Level of Sodium Bicarbonate on Milk Yield and Its Composition in Early Lactating Nili Ravi Buffaloes

Influence of varying level of sodium bicarbonate (SB) supplementation on milk yield and its composition was examined in a randomized complete block design in early lactating Nili Ravi buffaloes during summer. Four iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diets were formulated. The diet 0B contained 0 while LB, MB and HB diets contained 0.50, 1.0 and 1.50% SB levels, respectively. The diets were randomly allotted to twenty buffaloes, five in each group. A linear increase in nutrient and water intake was recorded with increasing SB level. Buffaloes fed MB and HB diets showed higher nitrogen balance than those fed 0B and LB diets. A significant increase in blood pH and serum bicarbonate was noticed with increasing SB level. Urine pH increased significantly with increased SB level. A linear increase in milk yield was also noticed with increasing SB level. Milk fat% increased significantly in buffaloes fed MB and HB diets compared with those fed 0B and LB diets. Buffaloes fed HB diet had higher conception rate and less services per conception than those fed 0B diet. This study indicated that a high SB diet not only increased dry matter and water intake, milk yield, milk fat% but also increased conception rate in early lactating buffaloes during summer.
Distribution of P, K, Ca, Mg, B, Cu, Mn, and Zn in Peanut Lines Near Maturity1

The nutrient contents of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown under nutrient-sufficient conditions were determined in relation to yields of lines derived from 15 cultivars. Four plant portions of the lines, each a single seed selection, representing four market types were analyzed for contents of eight nutrients. In general, the fruit was highest in P and Zn contents and lowest of the four portions in K, Ca, Mg, B, Mn, and Cu contents. The upper central stem leaves were highest in Ca, Mg, Mn, and B contents and intermediate in P, K, Zn, and Cu contents. The first lateral branch leaves were highest in K content, intermediate in P, Ca, Mg, B, and Cu contents and lower in Zn content than the above portions. Copper content was highest and P content lowest in the hypocotyl whereas the other nutrient contents in this portion were generally higher than in the fruit portion only. Lines of the large-seeded Virginia type were generally highest in K, Ca, and B contents, intermediate in Mg content, and lowest in P content of the four types. The small-seeded Virginia type lines were highest in Mg content, equivalent in Cu and Mn content to the large-seeded lines, and intermediate in P and K contents. The Spanish and Valencia lines were highest in P content, lowest in Cu content, but equivalent to the small-seeded Virginia lines in K, Ca, B and Mn contents.
Natural products for postharvest decay control in horticultural produce: a review.

Purpose of review: This review offers a perusal of reports on the use of natural products for postharvest decay control in fresh horticultural produce. In light of research findings, it considers the use of natural products for postharvest decay control in horticultural produce. Main findings: Important wastage of produce occurs in the postharvest chain, of which decay, caused by various postharvest pathogens, dictates a considerable part. The use of synthetic fungicides has faced limitations and restrictions owing to their teratogenicity, acute residual toxicity, long degradation period, and other effects on human health and the environment. Biodegradable and ecofriendly natural compounds such as flavour compounds, acetic acid, jasmonates, glucosinolates, chitosan, essential oils and active principles of some plants have gained importance and attention for their use as decay-control agents and safer alternatives to synthetic chemicals. Encouraging results on the use of natural products to control postharvest decay indicate the possibility of developing natural fungicides that would be as effective as synthetic fungicides, and yet are safe for man and environment. Directions for future research: Coordinated and continuous search for natural products may yield safer alternatives for postharvest decay control. Research efforts need to be directed towards establishing the mode of action of the products so as to provide important guidance for their application. Natural products that are found efficacious during in vitro and in vivo studies should be considered for commercial application. Emphasis should be placed on developing these products which can be used easily by the end users.
Beyond the Gene: Cytoplasmic Inheritance and the Struggle for Authority in Genetics . By Jan Sapp. Oxford University Press. 1988. 266 pages. £32.00. ISBN 0 19 504206 9.

technique has permitted elegant EM studies of the synaptonemal complex in carriers of structural chromosome rearrangements in man; these studies and their bearing on classical ideas of chromosome pairing are reviewed. Similar work on female meiosis in mice trisomic due to parental Robertsonian translocation is also reported. Lastly in this section observations on spindle structure and chromosome alignment in freshly ovulated and in post-ovulatory aged mouse oocytes are discussed in relation to the increase of aneuploid offspring associated with maternal age. The section on Nucleolar Organisers is introduced by a comprehensive review of studies on the molecular organization of the human 18S and 28S ribosomal genes. EM studies on the ultrastructure of nucleoli in several different types of cell are then described. The nucleolar organizer region of the chromosome is present within the nucleolus, and there is some disagreement between studies based on immunocytochemical localization of RNA polymerase I and studies employing [H]-uridine incorporation as to where within the structure transcription takes place. A combination of NOR-silver staining and EM has previously shown that the NOR's of several chromosomes are associated at pachytene within the fibrillar centre of nucleolus. This work has been extended by using in situ hybridization to localize the ribosomal genes in human oocytes and the results are discussed with reference to the involvment of human acrocentric chromosomes in numerical and structural anomalies.
Morphology and phylogenetic relationships of a new eschrichtiid genus (Cetacea: Mysticeti) from the Early Pliocene of northern Italy

A new eschrichtiid, Eschrichtioides gastaldii gen. nov., comb. nov., is established based on a specimen previously assigned to Balaenoptera gastaldii Portis, 1885. The holotype is from the Early Pliocene of north-east Italy. It represents a fossil mysticete closely related to the living grey whale, Eschrichtius robustus. Comparative morphology and phylogenetic analysis support the monophyly of Eschrichtiidae and Cetotherium-like mysticetes and a sister group relationship between this clade and Balaenopteridae. Eschrichtiid fossils previously described are all from the Pleistocene and Late Pliocene while Eschrichtioides gastaldii is from the Early Pliocene. The recognition of this new eschrichtiid genus suggests that the Mediterranean trophic web of the Early Pliocene was more complex than at present and that the Neogene mysticete family-level biodiversity of the Mediterranean was higher than that currently observed in this basin. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 153, 161–186.
The extraordinary mating system of Zeus bugs (Heteroptera : Veliidae : Phoreticovelia sp.)

Wingless female Zeus bugs (genus: Phoreticovelia) produce a secretion from dorsal glands that males feed upon when riding on females. This unique form of sex-role-reversed nuptial feeding may have set the stage for an unusual mating system. Here, we provide natural history details of the mating behaviour for two Zeus bug species. While these species have many mating behaviours in common, the wing morphs within species exhibit entirely different mating strategies. Adult wingless females are ridden permanently by adult wingless males. In the wild, adult sex-ratios among the wingless morph are male-biased; few unmounted adult females exist and many males instead ride immature females who also produce glandular secretions. In contrast, sex-ratios among the winged morph is not male-biased, sexual size dimorphism is less pronounced, females have no dorsal glands and are, consequently, not ridden by males. Field and laboratory observations show that mating is strongly assortative by wing morph. This assortment may allow evolutionary divergence between the two morphs. We discuss the implications of this mating system and suggest that it adds to those studies showing that sexually antagonistic coevolution can be a driver of mating system evolution.
Selection for Overcompensatory Plant Responses to Herbivory: A Mechanism for the Evolution of Plant-Herbivore Mutualism

A mathematical model demonstrates that size-selective herbivory can drive the evolution of a mutualistic relationship between plants and herbivores. The fact that some monocarpic plants (e.g., Ipomopsis aggregata) can replace inflorescences lost to herbivory presents the opportunity for "bet hedging" within a single flowering season. When herbivory is sufficiently strong and size selective, the optimal plant strategy is to withhold a large proportion of its reproductive resources against the possibility that an initial investment will be consumed. Under these conditions, plant fitness is enhanced by herbivory, and selection should favor plant traits that increase the probability of being eaten.
Solubilization and Characterization of Rat Brain α2‐Adrenergic Receptor

Abstract: α2‐Adrenergic receptors labelled by [3H]clonidine (α2‐agonist) can be solubilized from the rat brain in a form sensitive to guanine nucleotides with a zwitterionic detergent, 3‐[3‐(cholamidopropyl)‐dimethylammonio]‐1‐propane sulfonate (CHAPS). About 40% of the original [3H]CLO binding sites in the membranes were solubilized with 6 mM CHAPS. Separation of the soluble [3H]CLO‐bound complex was performed by the vacuum filtration method using polyethylenimine‐treated GF/B filters. Solubilized [3H]CLO binding sites retained the same pharmacological characteristics of membranebound α2‐adrenergic receptors. Scatchard plots of [3H]CLO binding to solubilized α2‐receptors were curvilinear, indicating the existence of the two distinct binding components. Solubilized receptors were eluted as a single peak from Bio‐Gel A‐1.5 m column with a Stokes radius of 6.6 nm. The isoelectric point was 5.6–5.8. Regulations of the receptor binding by guanine nucleotides, monovalent cations, and sulfhydryl‐reactive agents were maintained intact in the soluble state, whereas those by divalent cations were lost. The apparent retention of receptors and guanine nucleotide binding regulatory component(s) in the soluble state may allow a investigation of the regulation mechanisms of the brain α2‐adrenergic receptor system at the molecular level.
The genetic nature of mutations of a gene for yellow pigment linked to Lr19 in 'Agatha' wheat

In previous work, two mutations that resulted in lower levels of yellow pigment in flour had been produced in 'Agatha' wheat which carries a wheat–Agropyron translocation. To determine whether the mutations involved the gene for yellow pigment or a suppressor at another locus, the two mutants were crossed with 'Neepawa' and 'Manitou. ' Segregation for a suppressor did not occur in the F2 and F3 generations. Thus it appeared that the mutations involved the pigment locus.Key words: Triticum, translocation, yellow pigment, Agropyron.
Soybean Maturity Groups, Environments, and Their Interaction Define Mega-environments for Seed Composition in Argentina

Argentina is the largest soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] meal and oil exporter in the world, with crops covering a 23° to 39° S latitude range, allowing the presence of genotypes from different maturity groups (MG). Multi-environment yield trials (MET) for commercial cultivars are conducted each year across the crop area. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the consistency of MG effects and its interaction with environments (E), first to investigate if different mega-environments (ME) for oil, protein, and oil + protein exist in Argentina, and second to identify superior MG regarding these traits. We analyzed a 3-yr series of oil and protein data from MET involving six MG and more than 14 E per year. Statistical analysis was based on ANOVA and graphical displays from E-centered biplots to explore MG-related effects and to identify ME. No ME were identified for oil content because of MG II, III, and IV showed higher content than other groups in every E. Two or three ME (depending on the growing season) were identified for protein and oil + protein contents; in one of them MG VI cultivars had the highest value of these compounds whereas in the other set of E, higher yielding cultivars were from MG II-III. The oil variations among E depended mainly on MG effects suggesting broad adaptations of short MG, whereas MG X E interaction effects for protein and oil + protein were higher than for oil, and enough to create opportunities for handling environment-specific adaptations.
Aldosterone directly induces Na, K‐ATPase α1‐subunit mRNA in the renal cortex of rat

The change of blood pressure and the induction of Na, K‐ATPase α1‐subunit mRNA have been investigated in the renal cortex of aldosterone‐treated hypertensive rat. The increase of blood pressure by aldosterone‐treatment for 25 days was decreased by the treatment of amiloride or spironolactone. The level of Na, K‐ATPase α1‐subunit mRNA of the renal cortex in aldosterone‐treated rat was increased than that in the control, and its increase was repressed by treatment of spironolactone, but not altered by the treatment of amiloride. This result suggests that the increase of Na, K‐ATPase α1‐subunit mRNA in the renal cortex of aldosterone‐treated hypertensive rat may be related with the direct induction of Na, K‐ATPase mRNA without the increase of Na‐traffic through Na‐channel.