Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mantle cell lymphoma involving the thyroid: a case report

We present herein a case of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) involving the thyroid gland. To our knowledge, this is the first description of the cytological features of MCL in the thyroid as well as its confirmation via molecular ancillary testing. Only one other case of MCL involving the thyroid with a fine needle aspiration (FNA) has been described, diagnosed as a primary thyroid MCL in a surgical specimen. The cytological diagnosis of lymphomas involving the thyroid gland is aided by clinical, morphological and immunophenotypical features. With the current report, we want to highlight the importance of the previous history of lymphoma as an important clinical criterion, and the role of rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) in triaging the cases that need immunophenotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies when handling a lymphocyte-rich thyroid aspirate, in order to distinguish the rare thyroid lymphomas from the common lymphocytic thyroiditis.
Finding the right information at the Management Meets the Semantic Web

Finding the right information at the Management Meets the Semantic Web Dr. Mark Linderman Ms. Mary K. Pulvermacher AFRL Information DirectorateIlFSE The MITRE Corporation 525 Brooks Road 1 155 Academy Park Loop Rome, NY 13441 -4505 Colorado Springs, CO 8091 0 marklnderman @ rl.af. mil pulver@ mitre.org right time and in the right format becomes increasingly difficult as more information from myriad producers is made available to increasingly diverse communities of information consumers. The development of approaches to effectively manage this information and facilitate automated processing will help to address the challenges of a burgeoning information environment. Approaches to help overcome these challenges continue to emerge. This paper considers the convergence of enabling technologies from two information sharing approaches the Joint Battlespace Infosphere (JBI) and the Semantic Web. The JBI facilitates and manages information sharing between producers and consumers, while the Semantic Web defines the semantics of the universe of web-based information. This paper examines the interplay of the JBI, as an example of an information management infrastructure, and the Semantic Web. We examine several facets of information management that will benefit from the Semantic Web as well as identify issues addressed by information management that will need to be addressed for mission-critical application of the Semantic Web. Finally, this paper discusses fundamental differences between the JBI and the Semantic Web that emanate from their current application contexts. We conclude with an overall perspective on their relationship and highlight areas of future research.
National trends in US hospital admissions for hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia among Medicare beneficiaries, 1999 to 2011.

IMPORTANCE The increasing intensity of diabetes mellitus management over the past decade may have resulted in lower rates of hyperglycemic emergencies but higher rates of hospital admissions for hypoglycemia among older adults. Trends in these hospitalizations and subsequent outcomes are not known. OBJECTIVE To characterize changes in hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia hospitalization rates and subsequent mortality and readmission rates among older adults in the United States over a 12-year period, and to compare these results according to age, sex, and race. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS Retrospective observational study using data from 33,952,331 Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries 65 years or older from 1999 to 2011. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Hospitalization rates for hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, 30-day and 1-year mortality rates, and 30-day readmission rates. RESULTS A total of 279,937 patients experienced 302,095 hospitalizations for hyperglycemia, and 404,467 patients experienced 429,850 hospitalizations for hypoglycemia between 1999 and 2011. During this time, rates of admissions for hyperglycemia declined by 38.6% (from 114 to 70 admissions per 100,000 person-years), while admissions for hypoglycemia increased by 11.7% (from 94 to 105 admissions per 100,000 person-years). In analyses designed to account for changing diabetes mellitus prevalence, admissions for hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia declined by 55.2% and 9.5%, respectively. Trends were similar across age, sex, and racial subgroups, but hypoglycemia rates were 2-fold higher for older patients (≥75 years) when compared with younger patients (65-74 years), and admission rates for both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia were 4-fold higher for black patients compared with white patients. The 30-day and 1-year mortality and 30-day readmission rates improved during the study period and were similar after an index hospitalization for either hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia (5.4%, 17.1%, and 15.3%, respectively, after hyperglycemia hospitalizations in 2010; 4.4%, 19.9%, and 16.3% after hypoglycemia hospitalizations). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Hospital admission rates for hypoglycemia now exceed those for hyperglycemia among older adults. Although admissions for hypoglycemia have declined modestly since 2007, rates among black Medicare beneficiaries and those older than 75 years remain high. Hospital admissions for severe hypoglycemia seem to pose a greater health threat than those for hyperglycemia, suggesting new opportunities for improvement in care of persons with diabetes mellitus.
CONVERGÊNCIA REGIONAL BRASILEIRA REVISITADA

Este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar a dinâmica de convergencia regional para as regioes brasileiras a partir de uma adaptacao do modelo Hall e Jones (1999), que incorpora mobilidade de trabalho e capital. Por meio de simulacoes computacionais, os resultados indicam uma tendencia a concentracao espacial e formacao de dois steady states para as rendas per capita das regioes brasileiras: rico e pobre. As regioes Sul e Centro-Oeste tendem a alcancar a renda per capita da regiao mais rica, o Sudeste. Por outro lado, as regioes mais pobres, o Nordeste e Norte, nao tendem a apresentar mudancas significativas na dinâmica de suas rendas per capita, permanecendo em um nivel em torno de 3,0 e 2,8 vezes menor, respectivamente, as demais regioes. O fator-chave para a nao-convergencia regional encontra-se na diferenca brutal de produtividade entre as regioes, o que mantem os produtos marginais do capital fisico e da mao-de-obra maiores nas regioes ricas, apesar de estas terem estoques de capital maiores. 1 INTRODUCAO A economia regional difere da teoria economica geral basicamente em relacao ao seu enfoque. Seu interesse e voltado para as relacoes economicas de regioes geograficas em um mesmo pais sob certa mobilidade dos fatores de producao. Barro (1995) descreve algumas peculiaridades da analise da economia regional em relacao a da internacional, como o menor diferencial tecnologico, de preferencias e institucionais. As regioes analisadas dividem um Governo Central comum e, portanto, tem estruturas institucionais e sistemas legais similares. Assim, barreiras legais, culturais, linguisticas e institucionais para a mobilidade dos fatores tendem a ser menores sobre as regioes de um pais do que sobre os paises.
(99m)Tc-NC100668, a new tracer for imaging venous thromboemboli: pre-clinical biodistribution and incorporation into plasma clots in vivo and in vitro.

PURPOSE (99m)Tc-NC100668 is a new radiotracer being developed to aid the diagnosis of thromboembolism. The structure of NC100668 is similar to a region of human alpha(2)-antiplasmin, which is a substrate for factor XIIIa (FXIIIa). The purpose of this study was to confirm the uptake of (99m)Tc-NC100668 into forming plasma clot and to establish the biodistribution of (99m)Tc-NC100668 in Wistar rats. METHODS The in vitro plasma clot uptake of (99m)Tc-NC100668 and other compounds with known affinities to FXIIIa was measured using a plasma clot assay. The biodistribution and blood clot uptake of radioactivity of (99m)Tc-NC100668 in normal Wistar rats and those bearing experimentally induced deep vein thrombi were investigated. RESULTS The in vitro uptake of (99m)Tc-NC100668 was greater than that for [(14)C]dansyl cadaverine, a known substrate of FXIIIa in the plasma clot assay. The biodistribution of (99m)Tc-NC100668 in male and female Wistar rats up to 24 h p.i. showed that radioactivity was rapidly excreted, predominantly into the urine, with very little background tissue retention. In vivo the uptake and retention of (99m)Tc-NC100668 into the blood clot was greater than could be accounted for by non-specific accumulation of the radiotracer within the blood clot. CONCLUSION (99m)Tc-NC100668 was retained by plasma clots in vitro and blood clots in vivo. No significant tissue retention which could interfere with the ability to image thrombi in vivo was observed. This evidence suggests that (99m)Tc-NC100668 might be useful in the detection of thromboembolism.
The analysis of power-related characteristics of FSM benchmarks

Benchmarking is a common way to evaluate the effectiveness of finite state machine (FSM) low-power methodologies. The serious problem in the existing standard benchmarks is that power-related characteristics are not provided, and therefore these benchmarks are not complete for reliable evaluation and comparison of low-power methods and tools. To address this problem, this paper introduces the coefficient of variation, which is very useful for quantitative analysis of power-related features of an FSM, and for indicating the power optimization opportunity of the corresponding circuit. Based on the coefficient of variation, input-sensitivity analysis of the whole standard benchmark set is conducted. It reveals that the benchmark set is input-data dependant, and the set is insufficient for low-power FSM researches due to the limited coverage of power-related characteristics.
Pervasive RF energy harvesting system (GSM 900 and GSM 1800)

RF energy harvesting holds a promising future for generating a small amount of energy to potentially power on low power devices like wireless sensor network. Due to path loss and restriction on transmit power; the RF power available to the input of the RF energy harvesting system is relative low. In this work, we show how wireless power transfer can occur more efficiently by the design of a high Q coil antenna. The receiving antenna and RF-DC converter are being analyzed and discussed. Finally, a prototype is fabricated and it shows capability to harvest a voltage in the range of 2V stored in the super capacitor from the air without a prominent source nearby. So, is RF energy harvesting ever going to become a practical reality? The answer is a cautious yes.
Non-standard models for formal logics

In his doctor's thesis [1], Henkin has shown that if a formal logic is consistent, and sufficiently complex (for instance, if it is adequate for number theory), then it must admit a non-standard model. In particular, he showed that there must be a model in which that portion of the model which is supposed to represent the positive integers of the formal logic is not in fact isomorphic to the positive integers; indeed it is not even well ordered by what is supposed to be the relation of ≦. For the purposes of the present paper, we do not need a precise definition of what is meant by a standard model of a formal logic. The non-standard models which we shall discuss will be flagrantly non-standard, as for instance a model of the sort whose existence is proved by Henkin. It will suffice if we and our readers are in agreement that a model of a formal logic is not a standard model if either: (a) The relation in the model which represents the equality relation in the formal logic is not the equality relation for objects of the model. (b) That portion of the model which is supposed to represent the positive integers of the formal logic is not well ordered by the relation ≦. (c) That portion of the model which is supposed to represent the ordinal numbers of the formal logic is not well ordered by the relation ≦.
DIFFERENTIAL METABOLISM OF RNA IN NEURONAL‐ENRICHED AND GLIAL‐ENRICHED FRACTIONS OF RAT CEREBRUM

Cerebral tissue of rat, disrupted by passage through a custom‐designed tissue press, was diluted to a 10% (w/v) cellular suspension in 10% (w/v) Ficoll and was then fractionated in the Spinco Model L ultracentrifuge into: (1) two enriched cellular layers (alpha and beta) in an isopycnic Ficoll gradient in the Spinco 40 angular rotor; or (2) into four layers (A, B, C, and D) in a discontinuous Ficoll gradient in the Spinco SW 39 swinging bucket rotor. The cellular composition of these layers was identified microscopically and enzymically as either glial‐enriched (alpha and B layers) or neuronal‐enriched (beta and C layers) fractions of cerebral cortex. Portions of the neuronal and glial fractions were used for determinations of total nitrogen, and for colorimetric determinations of carbonic anhydrase activity (a glial cell marker). These data established that glial contamination of the neuronal‐enriched layer averaged 6·5 per cent. The data also indicated glial enrichment of Layer B, although no quantitative assessment of the amount of neuronal contamination was possible.
Ship Detection Using Polarization Cross-Entropy

In this letter, polarization cross-entropy is introduced based on the eigendecomposition of the polarimetric coherence matrix. Then, the new parameter is employed for ship detection. From experimental results, it is derived that the distribution of the polarization cross-entropy in ocean regions can be well approximated by a generalized exponential distribution. Then, a constant-false-alarm-rate ship-detection method is proposed based on the distribution of the polarization cross-entropy. Using experimental results, the authors demonstrate the effectiveness of the new method in ship detection.
Detecting complex indels with wide length-spectrum from the third generation sequencing data

Structural variations are a complex collection of mutations, many of which are reported to associated to complex traits. Recent research reports a rare case of structural variants, complex indels, which may contribute to carcinogenesis. A complex indel often presents multiple inserted nucleotides in a deleted region. Due to the limitations on both data and algorithm, existing approaches could only detect complex indels with the length shorter than 80bps; however, the longer ones are considered to imply stronger impact. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm, SVseq3, which handles the PacBio data and identifies the long complex indels. The algorithm captures the BLASR alignment results and locates the suspicious areas of complex indels by clustering. An improved similarity hash-based framework is then constructed. For each suspicious area, a continuing-seed strategy is adopted to split the inserted fragments and obtain the original locations. The mapped segments, which consist of a series of seeds, are used to further squeeze the intermediate breakpoints and identify the forms of the complex indels. SVseq3 is able to detect long complex indels and the complex indels with multiple sources of inserted fragments. We test SVseq3 on multiple datasets with different simulation configurations and compare it to the existing methods. The experiment results demonstrate that SVseq3 outperforms the existing approaches. The sensitivity and positive-predictive rates are able to reach around 70% and 85% in some common simulation settings, respectively.
Twelve tips for using social media as a medical educator

Background: We now live, learn, teach and practice medicine in the digital era. Social networking sites are used by at least half of all adults. Engagement with social media can be personal, professional, or both, for health-related and educational purposes. Use is often public. Lapses in professionalism can have devastating consequences, but when used well social media can enhance the lives of and learning by health professionals and trainees, ultimately for public good. Both risks and opportunities abound for individuals who participate, and health professionals need tips to enhance use and avoid pitfalls in their use of social media and to uphold their professional values. Aims and methods: This article draws upon current evidence, policies, and the authors’ experiences to present best practice tips for health professions educators, trainees, and students to build a framework for navigating the digital world in a way that maintains and promotes professionalism. Results and conclusions: These practical tips help the newcomer to social media get started by identifying goals, establishing comfort, and connecting. Furthermore, users can ultimately successfully contribute, engage, learn, and teach, and model professional behaviors while navigating social media.
Fas receptor expression on B‐lineage cells

Mice homozygous for the lpr mutation have B and T cell defects and develop autoantibodies, suggesting that lpr plays a role in their genesis. The lpr defect has been identified as a mutation in the apoptosis‐associated Fas receptor (FasR) gene. To begin to define the role of FasR in B cells, we have surveyed FasR expression on B‐lineage cells from early progenitors in the bone marrow through their maturation in the periphery. Contrary to some reports, we found that FasR is expressed on B cells at all stages of their development and is highest on germinal center B cells. FasR is not expressed on lpr/lpr‐derived cells. These data are consistent with the idea that lpr/lpr mice have an intrinsic B cell defect that may be manifested in developing as well as peripheral B cells. An unexpected finding is that B‐1 (CD5) B cells do not constitutively express FasR: FasR becomes detectable on B‐1 B cells only after activation.
TYPES AND FREQUENCY OF CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE

Objective: To determine the types and frequency of cardiac arrhythmias in patients with heart failure based on 48 hours ambulatory ECG recordings. Study Design: Cross sectional descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology/National Institute of Heart Diseases, from April 2013 to August 2013. Patients and Methods: Fifty three heart failure patients with ejection fraction of ≤ 40 % were holter monitored for 48 hours. Patients who had acute myocardial infarction during the last six weeks were excluded. Digital ECG data were manually edited and type and frequency of arrhythmias were analysed using statistical software. Results: The mean age of patients was 57.68 ± 16.41 years and male to female ratio was 3.4:1. The mean ejection fraction was 22.5 ± 6.3 and 59% patients had NYHA class III. Cardiac arrhythmias were present in 46 (87%) patients. In patients with chronic heart failure commonest arrhythmias were of ventricular origin followed by conduction blocks. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus and ischemic heart disease were the main underlying etiological factors in 71% patients. Conclusion: There is a high frequency of cardiac arrhythmias among heart failure patients with ventricular arrhythmias being the most frequent. Arrhythmogenesis in heart failure is dependent upon degree of ventricular dysfunction, presenting NYHA functional class and etiology of heart failure.
Geographical Location Determines the Population Structure in Phyllosphere Microbial Communities of a Salt-Excreting Desert Tree

ABSTRACT The leaf surfaces of Tamarix, a salt-secreting desert tree, harbor a diverse community of microbial epiphytes. This ecosystem presents a unique combination of ecological characteristics and imposes a set of extreme stress conditions. The composition of the microbial community along ecological gradients was studied from analyses of microbial richness and diversity in the phyllosphere of three Tamarix species in the Mediterranean and Dead Sea regions in Israel and in two locations in the United States. Over 200,000 sequences of the 16S V6 and 18S V9 hypervariable regions revealed a diverse community, with 788 bacterial and 64 eukaryotic genera but only one archaeal genus. Both geographic location and tree species were determinants of microbial community structures, with the former being more dominant. Tree leaves of all three species in the Mediterranean region were dominated by Halomonas and Halobacteria, whereas trees from the Dead Sea area were dominated by Actinomycetales and Bacillales. Our findings demonstrate that microbial phyllosphere communities on different Tamarix species are highly similar in the same locale, whereas trees of the same species that grow in different climatic regions host distinct microbial communities.
Signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in the elderly.

PURPOSE This study investigated the prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) in the elderly and its association with palpation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), masticatory and cervical muscles as well as the presence of headache and joint noises. METHODS The sample consisted of 200 elderly of both genders (mean age: 69.2±5.7 years). The clinical evaluation of TMD signs and symptoms was divided into three stages: an anamnestic questionnaire, a TMJ evaluation, and a muscular examination. The results were analyzed through descriptive statistics as well as using χ2 and the tendency tests. RESULTS The presence of TMD was observed in 61% of the sample (mild: 43.5%, moderate: 13%, severe: 4.5%). A significantly greater prevalence of TMD was found for females (72.4%) compared with that for men (41.1%) (p<0.0001). Additionally, a significant association among TMD severity and palpation of the TMJ (p=0.0168), of masticatory muscles (p<0.0001), and of cervical muscles (p<0.0001) was verified. Also, there was a significant association between the frequency of headaches and the presence of TMD (p=0.0001). The association between the presence of joint noises and sensitivity to TMJ palpation was not significant. CONCLUSION The elderly presented high TMD prevalence, mostly in females, with mild severity and related to TMJ and masticatory/cervical muscles palpation. Thus, the accomplishment of a detailed clinical examination to investigate the presence of such disorders is essential and it must not be neglected during the treatment of elderly patients.
Fetal safety of calcium channel blockers.

QUESTION Many of my pregnant or lactating patients are taking calcium channel blockers (CCBs) for hypertension. How safe is maternal use of CCBs for fetuses and nursing infants? ANSWER Generally, CCBs have not been shown to increase teratogenic risk. Information regarding the safety of CCBs during lactation is limited, although they are not likely to pose a risk to the nursing infant.