Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Q FEVER IN A CATTLE HERD AND HUMANS IN THE SOUTH-EASTERN POLAND. LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF THE DISEASE USING SEROLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR METHODS

The article presents the outbreak of Q fever in a cattle herd and humans in the South-Eastern Poland at the turn of 20092010. The main aim of the study was to evaluate different diagnostic methods in the diagnosis of the disease. One hundred and twenty blood samples from cattle and six blood samples from humans, who had contact with infected animals were collected twice: after the diagnosis of the infection in the herd; and 21 d later. Blood and serum samples were examined using complement fixation test (CFT), indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), PCR, and real-time PCR. The percentage of positive CFT results amounted to 21.6% in cattle. Coxiella burnetii antibodies were detected in all samples from humans, and the results were confirmed by IFA. Realtime PCR showed the prevalence of DNA specific sequences for Coxiella burnetii in the first examination. The second examination gave negative results. PCR and real-time PCR of DNA extracted from ticks showed that the percentage of infected arthropods amounted to 25% and 33.3%, respectively.
Learning Utilities and Equilibria in Non-Truthful Auctions

In non-truthful auctions, agents' utility for a strategy depends on the strategies of the opponents and also the prior distribution over their private types; the set of Bayes Nash equilibria generally has an intricate dependence on the prior. Using the First Price Auction as our main demonstrating example, we show that $\tilde O(n / \epsilon^2)$ samples from the prior with $n$ agents suffice for an algorithm to learn the interim utilities for all monotone bidding strategies. As a consequence, this number of samples suffice for learning all approximate equilibria. We give almost matching (up to polylog factors) lower bound on the sample complexity for learning utilities. We also consider a setting where agents must pay a search cost to discover their own types. Drawing on a connection between this setting and the first price auction, discovered recently by Kleinberg et al. (2016), we show that $\tilde O(n / \epsilon^2)$ samples suffice for utilities and equilibria to be estimated in a near welfare-optimal descending auction in this setting. En route, we improve the sample complexity bound, recently obtained by Guo et al. (2020), for the Pandora's Box problem, which is a classical model for sequential consumer search.
Shear banding and fracture in large strain deformation: Understanding the mechanics of flow localization from Zener's time to the present

Shear banding is an instability in large strain deformation of solids, where otherwise homogeneous flow becomes localized in narrow bands. Shear bands have broad implications for materials processing and failure under dynamic loading in a wide variety of material systems ranging from metals to rocks. This year marks nearly 75 years since the publication of Zener and Hollomon's pioneering work (C. Zener and J. H. Hollomon, J Appl. Phys., 15:22-32, 1944) which is widely credited with drawing the attention to shear bands and localization phenomena. Since this landmark publication, there has been significant experimental and theoretical investigation into the onset of shear banding. Yet, given the extremely small length and time scales associated with band development, several challenges persist in studying the evolution of single bands, post-initiation. This article summarizes our present understanding of plastic flow dynamics around a shear band and subsequent transition to fracture, with specific focus on the post-instability stage. We begin with a semi-historical look at some of Zener's early ideas and discuss recent advances in full-field experimental methods for mapping the localized flow during band formation, including in situ imaging as well as ex situ/post-mortem analyses. Classical analytical theories are revisited in the light of recently published experimental data. In agreement with Zener's original ideas, we show that shear bands exhibit a wealth of complex flow characteristics that bear striking resemblance to viscous fluid flows and boundary layer phenomena. Finally, new strategies for reproducing shear band formation at low speeds are discussed. It is hoped that these will help further our understanding of shear band dynamics, the subsequent transition to fracture, and lead to practical `control' strategies for suppressing shear band-driven failures.
Research Note: Calcitriol Reduces Egg Breakage

Abstract One hundred and fifty-four White Leghorn layers, 75 wk old, having similar egg production and producing eggs of similar specific gravity and weight, were divided into two groups. The control group was fed a normal basal diet supplemented with cholecalciferol (27.5 μg or 1,100 IU/kg diet) and the treated group was fed the same basal diet but supplemented with calcitriol (5 μg/kg), instead of cholecalciferol. After 3 to 8 wk of treatment, egg breakage during egg washing and grading was 11.2 ± 1.2% (χ ± SD) in the control group versus 6.0 ± 1.1% in the treatment group (P
Pointwise defined version of conditional expectation with respect to a random variable

It is often of interest to condition on a singular event given by a random variable, e.g. $\{Y=y\}$ for a continuous random variable $Y$. Conditional measures with respect to this event are usually derived as a special case of the conditional expectation with respect to the random variables generating sigma algebra. The existence of the latter is usually proven via a non-constructive measure-theoretic argument which yields an only almost-everywhere defined quantity. In particular, the quantity $\mathbb E[f|Y]$ is initially only defined almost everywhere and conditioning on $Y=y$ corresponds to evaluating $\mathbb E[f|Y=y] = \mathbb E[f|Y]{Y=y}$, which is not meaningful because of $\mathbb E[f|Y]$ not being well-defined on such singular sets. This problem is not addressed by the introduction of regular conditional distributions, either. On the other hand it can be shown that the naively computed conditional density $f_{Z|Y=y}(z)$ (which is given by the ratio of joint and marginal densities) is a version of the conditional distribution, i.e. $\mathbb E[\{Z\in B\}|Y=y] = \int_B f_{Z|Y=y}(z) dz$ and this density can indeed be evaluated pointwise in $y$. This mismatch between mathematical theory (which generates an object which cannot produce what we need from it) and practical computation via the conditional density is an unfortunate fact. Furthermore, the classical approach does not allow a pointwise definition of conditional expectations of the form $\mathbb E[f|Y=y]$, only of conditional distributions $\mathbb E[\{Z\in B\}|Y=y]$. We propose a (as far as the author is aware) little known approach to obtaining a pointwise defined version of conditional expectation by use of the Lebesgue-Besicovich lemma without the need of additional topological arguments which are necessary in the usual derivation.
Convexity of the weighted Mabuchi functional and the uniqueness of weighted extremal metrics

We prove the uniqueness, up to a pull-back by an element of a suitable subgroup of complex automorphisms, of the weighted extremal Kahler metrics on a compact Kahler manifold introduced in our previous work. This extends a result by Berman--Berndtsson and Chen--Paun--Zeng in the extremal Kahler case. Furthermore, we show that a weighted extremal Kahler metric is a global minimum of a suitable weighted version of the modified Mabuchi energy. This implies a suitable notion of weighted K-semistability of a Kahler manifold admitting a weighted extremal Kahler metric.
Complexity of Computing the Anti-Ramsey Numbers for Paths

The anti-Ramsey numbers are a fundamental notion in graph theory, introduced in 1978, by Erd\" os, Simonovits and S\' os. For given graphs $G$ and $H$ the \emph{anti-Ramsey number} $\textrm{ar}(G,H)$ is defined to be the maximum number $k$ such that there exists an assignment of $k$ colors to the edges of $G$ in which every copy of $H$ in $G$ has at least two edges with the same color. There are works on the computational complexity of the problem when $H$ is a star. Along this line of research, we study the complexity of computing the anti-Ramsey number $\textrm{ar}(G,P_k)$, where $P_k$ is a path of length $k$. First, we observe that when $k = \Omega(n)$, the problem is hard; hence, the challenging part is the computational complexity of the problem when $k$ is a fixed constant. We provide a characterization of the problem for paths of constant length. Our first main contribution is to prove that computing $\textrm{ar}(G,P_k)$ for every integer $k>2$ is NP-hard. We obtain this by providing several structural properties of such coloring in graphs. We investigate further and show that approximating $\textrm{ar}(G,P_3)$ to a factor of $n^{-1/2 - \epsilon}$ is hard already in $3$-partite graphs, unless P=NP. We also study the exact complexity of the precolored version and show that there is no subexponential algorithm for the problem unless ETH fails for any fixed constant $k$. Given the hardness of approximation and parametrization of the problem, it is natural to study the problem on restricted graph families. We introduce the notion of color connected coloring and employing this structural property. We obtain a linear time algorithm to compute $\textrm{ar}(G,P_k)$, for every integer $k$, when the host graph, $G$, is a tree.
Dust size and spatial distributions in debris discs: predictions for exozodiacal dust dragged in from an exo-Kuiper belt

The SEDs of some nearby stars show mid-infrared excesses from warm habitable zone dust, known as exozodiacal dust. This dust may originate in collisions in a planetesimal belt before being dragged inwards. This paper presents an analytical model for the size distribution of particles at different radial locations in such a scenario, considering evolution due to destructive collisions and Poynting-Robertson (P-R) drag. Results from more accurate but computationally expensive numerical simulations of this process are used to validate the model and fit its free parameters. The model predicts 11 $\mu$m excesses ($R_{11}$) for discs with a range of dust masses and planetesimal belt radii using realistic grain properties. We show that P-R drag should produce exozodiacal dust levels detectable with the Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer (LBTI) ($R_{11} > 0.1\%$) in systems with known outer belts; non-detection may indicate dust depletion, e.g. by an intervening planet. We also find that LBTI could detect exozodiacal dust dragged in from a belt too faint to detect at far-infrared wavelengths, with fractional luminosity $f\sim 10^{-7}$ and radius $\sim 10-80$ au. Application to systems observed with LBTI shows that P-R drag can likely explain most (5/9) of the exozodiacal dust detections in systems with known outer belts; two systems ($\beta$ Uma and $\eta$ Corvi) with bright exozodi may be due to exocomets. We suggest that the three systems with exozodiacal dust detections but no known belt may have cold planetesimal belts too faint to be detectable in the far-infrared. Even systems without outer belt detections could have exozodiacal dust levels $R_{11} > 0.04\%$ which are problematic for exo-Earth imaging.
Is There Any Association Between ERβ Gene Polymorphism and Infertility in Iranian Men

Introduction: A significant proportion of infertile men with azoospermia and severe oligoazoospermia have a genetic etiology for their reproductive failure. Genetic analysis has major effects on finding the causes of infertility in last decade, but still in some cases, we still do not have clear answer for our patients. During last years it has become evident that endogenous estrogens and estrogen receptors (ER) play role in the regulation of testicular function. Present study was performed to evaluate the significance of RsaI and AluI single nucleotide polymorphism in the ERβ gene in infertile patients in comparison with normal fertile male control. Methods: From 120 infertile men referred to our center after ruling out all the known causes of the infertility such as chromosomal abnormalities, Y-chromosome microdeletion, and other pathologic disorders, 5 ml peripheral blood were obtained for DNA extraction. PCR amplification of the polymorphic region was carried out and after running the PCR products on 1.5% agarose gel, the frequency of the polymorphism were calculated. Results: A 3 times higher frequency of the heterozygous RsaI genotype was found in men with low sperm concentration compared to control (P=0.003). In contrast, the proportion of homozygous AluI genotype was only 1/3 in severely oligoazoospermic men in comparison with control (P=0.03). Conclusion: Our results could suggest that ERβ and RsaI and AluI single nucleotide polymorphisms on this gene are important for spermatogenesis in humans, and could play an important role in the spermatogenesis process in males. Also it is possible to conclude that different conditions of infertility may not have genetic predisposition in common.
Reverse superposition estimates in Sobolev spaces

We study when and how the norm of a function $u$ in the Sobolev spaces $W^{s, p} (\mathbb{R}^n, \mathbb{R}^m)$, with $p \ge 1$ and either $s = 1$ or $s > 1/p$, is controlled by the norm of composite function $f \circ u$ in the same space.
The view of TK-SVM on the phase hierarchy in the classical kagome Heisenberg antiferromagnet

We illustrate how the tensorial kernel support vector machine (TK-SVM) can probe the hidden multipolar orders and emergent local constraint in the classical kagome Heisenberg antiferromagnet. We show that TK-SVM learns the finite-temperature phase diagram in an unsupervised way. Moreover, in virtue of its strong interpretability, it identifies the tensorial quadrupolar and octupolar orders, which define a biaxial D 3h spin nematic, and the local constraint that underlies the selection of coplanar states. We then discuss the disorder hierarchy of the phases, which can be inferred from both the analytical order parameters and an SVM bias parameter. For completeness we mention that the machine also picks up the leading 3×3 correlations in the dipolar channel at very low temperature, which are however weak compared to the quadrupolar and octupolar orders. Our work shows how TK-SVM can facilitate and speed up the analysis of classical frustrated magnets.
Hypermassive black holes have faint broad and narrow emission lines

The EUV provides most of the ionization that creates the high equivalent width (EW) broad and narrow emission lines (BELs, NELs) of quasars. Spectra of Hypermassive Schwarzschild black holes (HMBHs, $M_{BH} \geq 10^{10} M_{\odot}$) with $\alpha$-discs, decline rapidly in the EUV suggesting much lower EWs. Model spectra for black holes of mass $10^{6}-10^{12} M_{\odot}$ and accretion rates $0.03 \leq L_{bol}/L_{edd} \leq 1.0$ were input to the CLOUDY photoionization code. BELs become $\sim$100 times weaker in EW from $M_{BH} \sim 10^8 M_{\odot}$ to $M_{BH} \sim 10^{10} M_{\odot}$. The high ionization BELs (O VI 1034 $\overset{\circ}{\mathrm {A}}$, C IV 1549 $\overset{\circ}{\mathrm {A}}$, He II 1640 $\overset{\circ}{\mathrm {A}}$) decline in EW from ($M_{BH} \geq 10^6 M_{\odot}$, reproducing the Baldwin effect, but regain EW for $M_{BH} \geq 10^{10} M_{\odot}$). The low ionization lines (MgII 2798 $\overset{\circ}{\mathrm {A}}$, H$\beta$ 4861 $\overset{\circ}{\mathrm {A}}$ and H$\alpha$ 6563 $\overset{\circ}{\mathrm {A}}$) remain weak. Lines for maximally spinning HMBHs behave similarly. Line ratio diagrams for the BELs show that high OVI/H$\beta$ and low CIV/H$\alpha$ may pick out HMBH, although OVI is often hard to observe. In NEL BPT diagrams HMBHs lie among star-forming regions, except for highly spinning, high accretion rate HMBHs. In summary, the BELs expected from HMBHs would be hard to detect using the current optical facilities. From 100 to $10^{12} M_{\odot}$, the emission lines used to detect AGN only have high EW in the $10^6 - 10^9 M_{\odot}$ window, where most AGN are found. This selection effect may be distorting reported distributions of $M_{BH}$.
Top predator removals have consistent effects on large species despite high environmental variability

Top predator losses aff ect a wide array of ecological processes, and there is growing evidence that top predators are disproportionately vulnerable to environmental changes. Despite increasing recognition of the fundamental role that top predators play in structuring communities and ecosystems, it remains challenging to predict the consequences of predator extinctions in highly variable environments. Both biotic and abiotic drivers determine community structure, and manipulative experiments are necessary to disentangle the eff ects of predator loss from other co-occurring environmental changes. To explore the consistency of top predator eff ects in ecological communities that experience high local environmental variability, we experimentally removed top predators from arid-land stream pool mesocosms in southeastern Arizona, USA, and measured natural background environmental conditions. We inoculated mesocosms with aquatic invertebrates from local streams, removed the top predator Abedus herberti (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae) from half of the mesocosms as a treatment, and measured community divergence at the end of the summer dry season. We repeated the experiment in two consecutive years, which represented two very diff erent biotic and abiotic environments. We found that some of the eff ects of top predator removal were consistent despite signifi cant diff erences in environmental conditions, community composition, and colonist sources between years. As in other studies, top predator removal did not aff ect overall species richness or abundance in either year, and we observed inconsistent eff ects on community and trophic structure. However, top predator removal consistently aff ected large-bodied species (those in the top 1% of the community body size distribution) in both years, increasing the abundance of mesopredators and decreasing the abundance of detritivores, even though the identity of these species varied between years. Our fi ndings highlight the vulnerability of large taxa to top predator extirpations and suggest that the consistency of observed ecological patterns may be as important as their magnitude.
A BERT-based Ensemble Model for Chinese News Topic Prediction

With the rapid development of big data mining technology in the Chinese commercial field, the news topic prediction becomes increasingly important. Since the accuracy of Chinese news topic classification can directly affect the personalized recommendation effect of the Chinese news system and then affect business profits, the news category prediction performance needs to be higher as possible. With the great success of the BERT model in the past two years, using the BERT model alone has achieved extremely good performance on Chinese text classification tasks. Therefore, using the advantages of the BERT to study more effective methods for the Chinese news classification will become more meaningful. In this paper, we propose a model that combines the advantages of both BERT and the long short-term memory (LSTM) network, named BERT ensemble LSTM-BERT(BERT-LB). Our method is more effective than using BERT alone. This model uses a three-step method to calculate and integrate Chinese news text features. Besides, we use two datasets to evaluate our method and other baseline methods. We demonstrate that the proposed method has the promising ability to predict Chinese news topics and prove its generalization ability.
Reproducibility and validity of anterior implant esthetic indices: A review

Background: The purpose of this review was to narrate about the reproducibility and validity of different indices evaluating esthetic aspects in anterior single implant-supported restorations. Materials and Methods: An electronic search of Medline, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Central, and Web of Science databases was performed using the keywords “dental implants,” “anterior esthetics,” “esthetic score,” and “esthetic index. ” Besides, a manual search of dental implant journals was carried out. Results: The electronic search revealed 932 titles. After further review, 14 articles fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in this review. Because of the heterogeneity of the study designs, interventions, and parameters used for assessment of esthetics, no meta-analysis could be performed. Conclusion: Many indices have been proposed for the evaluation of the esthetic aspects of single implant-supported reconstructions in the anterior maxilla. All of them have some advantages and drawbacks that this review pointed out. The evidence level of studies used for the validation of these indices is poor. It is necessary to achieve a consensus on the tools for assessment of the esthetic aspect and perform evidence-based studies to validate an appropriate index.
Oral health knowledge among a cohort of pregnant women in south India: A questionnaire survey

Aim: To assess oral health knowledge of pregnant women visiting Government Maternity Hospital, Hyderabad. Materials and Method: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 606 pregnant women aged 18–40 years old. Oral health knowledge of respondents was assessed using the 14-item self-administered questionnaire and responses were recorded on a dichotomous scale (yes/no). The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) package version 20.0. Results: Overall inadequate knowledge regards to oral health was observed among 55.8% pregnant women. Based on knowledge regarding tooth decay, 71.6% of study participants believed that every painful tooth has to be removed and 81% of respondents were unaware of brushing with fluoridated toothpaste prevents tooth decay. Similarly, with respect to gum disease, 77.7% of subjects were not aware of gum disease and around 49.8% unacquainted that bleeding during tooth brushing indicates gum problems. It is enriching to observe, 94.1% of respondents felt oral health is important for general health. On the other hand, a quite alarmingly high percentage (73.9%) of subjects does not know the relationship between oral health and pregnancy. Furthermore, 91.1% and 65.5% of participants were ignorant that pregnancy can increase the tendency of gums to swell or bleed and poor oral health affect their unborn baby, respectively. More than three-fourths of the study participants (84%) had never visited dentist Conclusion: The study highlights limited knowledge allied to oral health among pregnant women and problem-oriented dental visits indicating an urge among this group to scale up their knowledge.