Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Per-File Secure Deletion for Flash-Based Solid State Drives

File update operations generate many invalid flash pages in Solid State Drives (SSDs) because of the-of-place update feature. If these invalid flash pages are not securely deleted, they will be left in the “missing” state, resulting in leakage of sensitive information. However, deleting these invalid pages in real time greatly reduces the performance of SSD. In this paper, we propose a Per-File Secure Deletion (PSD) scheme for SSD to achieve non-real-time secure deletion. PSD assigns a globally unique identifier (GUID) to each file to quickly locate the invalid data blocks and uses Security-TRIM command to securely delete these invalid data blocks. Moreover, we propose a PSD-MLC scheme for Multi-Level Cell (MLC) flash memory. PSD-MLC distributes the data blocks of a file in pairs of pages to avoid the influence of programming crosstalk between paired pages. We evaluate our schemes on different hardware platforms of flash media, and the results prove that PSD and PSD-MLC only have little impact on the performance of SSD. When the cache is disabled and enabled, compared with the system without the secure deletion, PSD decreases SSD throughput by 1.3% and 1.8%, respectively. PSD-MLC decreases SSD throughput by 9.5% and 10.0%, respectively.
Gamification of Mobile-based Japanese Language Shadowing

Learning second language using shadowing technique is effective, but also tends to be boring, less motivating, and has no feedback from teacher on whether the pronounciation is already correct or not. On the other hand, there are various gamification elements that can be applied such as progression, rewards, leaderboard, etc., which can provide a learning environment that continues to motivate student to achieve better result. One of the essential element is direct-feedback to determine whether the answers given by the students are already correct or not, by calculating similarity between student's speech and reference speech using Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) feature and Dynamic Time Warping (DTW). In this study, a gamified Japanese language learning application based on mobile platform named “Shadowingu” is developed. The evaluation results showed that gamification is preferred and have significant Effect Size on student's motivation, when compared to the conventional shadowing method, as well as have positive effects on overall learning experience.
Crack Damage Detection of Bridge Based on Convolutional Neural Networks

Bridge crack is a kind of common bridge diseases. The existing crack detection methods usually only judge whether there is a crack or not, have not enough accurate Classification results, and cannot measure the crack parameter value. This paper proposes a new method of crack image detection and parameter measurement, which integrates the digital image processing into convolutional neural networks. By adjusting the structure of convolutional neural network, it improves the accuracy of image classification; by adding the digital image processing into the convolution neural network as a special layer, constructing a new image by linear regression model with the extracted feature graph, the crack length can be calculated by counting the number of pixels in the image. The experimental results show that the proposed method has a 95% accuracy to crack classification, and can effectively measure the crack length with an error less than 4%.
Weighted Group Consensus Analysis of Multi-agent Networks with Different Time Delays

For first-order multi-agent systems with connected bipartite topology, this paper investigates the weighted group consensus problem of the systems with different time delays. By applying the frequency domain control theory, we analyze and obtain the sufficient condition such that the systems can reach weighted group consensus. The obtained conclusions show that the achievement of the systems’ group consensus relates to the weights between the agents and the input time delays of the agents, while communication time delays between the agents are irrelevant to it. However, communication time delays will affect the dynamic performance of the systems. When the communication time delays of the systems satisfy the assumption proposed in this paper, the weighted group consensus of the system can be reached. Finally, several simulations show the correctness of the obtained results.
An Ensemble Hybrid Model with Outlier Detection for Prediction of Lithium-ion Battery Remaining Useful Life

Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in many electronic devices, in order to ensure the safe and stable operation of these devices, it is necessary to know when the battery will reach the end of life (EOL). This paper introduces an ensemble hybrid model with outlier identification to predict the remaining useful life(RUL) of lithium-ion battery. A model based on unscented Kalman filter(UKF) preliminarily predicts the battery capacity which is used as a health indicator to track the degradation process of lithium-ion batteries, at the same time, multiple back propagation neural network sub-models predict the error evolution in parallel, and the two are added to complete the error correction. After marking and eliminating anomaly points by the isolated forest algorithm, all the predicted outputs are merged through a simple averaging strategy to obtaine the final lithium-ion battery RUL . Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method is verified by experiments.
Adaptive Fault-tolerant Control of Six-rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

This paper studies the flight dynamics modeling of six-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles and designs an adaptive fault-tolerant controller via state feedback referring to the model. The method enables six-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles to not only land safely, but also to hover and propel normally when the motors are stuck or blocked. Based on the on-line estimation of eventual faults, the adaptive fault-tolerant controller parameters are updating automatically to compensate the fault effects on the system. By using the framework of linear matrix inequality(LMI) approach, the proposed algorithm enhances the security and robustness of the system.
Target Location and Gait Planning for Humanoid Robot Climbing Stairs

Climbing stairs is an important ability for humanoid robots. This paper proposes a target location and gait planning method for humanoid robot climbing stairs. Target location enables the humanoid robot to accurately locate the stair position, and the gait planning algorithm makes the humanoid robot to climb the stairs. In order to enable the humanoid robot to climb multiple stairs, this paper proposes control strategy of motion for humanoid robot. The effectiveness of our proposed method was confirmed by experiments. The experimental results show that this method improves the accuracy of target location, and enables the humanoid robot Nao to climb a staircase with 2.928 cm steps.
Network Control Technology applied in Remote Mine Ventilation Control System

Mine ventilation control system is an essential link in the mining and mining industry, especially in the working face which requires strict gas concentration. The ventilation state and gas content in the well are very important for the staff. Therefore, the control of mine ventilation has important theoretical significance and practical significance, especially the control of remote mine ventilation system has received special attention in recent years. In this paper, the network control technology is applied to study the control of the remote mine ventilation system, and the network scheduling algorithm is used to reduce the influence of network induced delay. The air flow state is controlled by the speed regulation of the ventilator, the stability of the air volume under the mine is guaranteed, and the safety and reliability of the mine are raised.
Reinforcement Point and Fuzzy Input Design of Fuzzy Q-Learning for Mobile Robot Navigation System

This paper proposes a fuzzy method to minimize state in reinforcement learning for obstacle avoidance mobile robot. The problem using reinforcement learning to solve obstacle avoidance is how to define the number of states. When the various conditions that might not be predicted by the mobile robot occur, the reinforcement learning is difficult to apply because the number of states become unlimited. The greater the number of states will cause the process requires more memory and performance of the processor. One of the popular methods for reinforcement learning is Q-learning. The Q-learning method is simple and feasible for observing surrounding conditions of mobile robot. The fuzzy used to eliminate the number of state problem, generalize the condition and reduce processor performance is needed. In this paper the comparison between reinforcement point using the change of state $(S}_{t-1}\rightarrow {\boldsymbol{S}}_{\boldsymbol{t}})$ and the current state (${S}_{t}$) is conducted also the comparison of angle region sensor between 2, 3, 4 and 5. Simulation result show that reinforcement point using the change of state and 5 angle regions of sensor produce the best performance.
Post-transcriptional regulation of inflammation by RNA binding proteins via cis-elements of mRNAs.

In human genome, there are approximately 1,500 RNA binding proteins. They can regulate mRNA stability or translational efficiency via ribosomes and these processes are known as "post-transcriptional regulation. " Accumulating evidences indicate that post-transcriptional regulation is the determinant of the accurate levels of cytokines mRNAs. While transcriptional regulation of cytokines mRNAs has been well studied and found to be important for the rapid induction of mRNA and regulation of the acute phase of inflammation, post-transcriptional regulation by RNA binding proteins is essential for resolving inflammation in the later phase, and their dysfunction may lead to severe autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus. For post-transcriptional regulation, RNA binding proteins recognize and directly bind to cis-regulatory elements in 3' untranslated region of mRNAs such as AU-rich or constitutive decay elements and play various roles. In this review, we summarize the recent findings regarding the role of RNA binding proteins in the regulation of inflammation.
BRCA2 Deletion Induces Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres in Telomerase Positive Colon Cancer Cells

BRCA1/2 are tumor suppressor genes controlling genomic stability also at telomeric and subtelomeric loci. Their mutation confers a predisposition to different human cancers but also sensitivity to antitumor drugs including poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and G-quadruplex stabilizers. Here we demonstrate that BRCA2 deletion triggers TERRA hyperexpression and alternative lengthening mechanisms (ALT) in colon cancer cells in presence of telomerase activity. This finding opens the question if cancer patients bearing BRCA2 germline or sporadic mutation are suitable for anti-telomerase therapies, or how ALT activation could influence the short or long-term response to anti-PARP inhibitors or anti-G-quadruplex therapies.
Histologic Evaluation of Malignant Polyps and Low-Stage Colorectal Carcinoma.

CONTEXT. — With widespread screening for colorectal cancer, the number of early-stage colorectal cancers is increasing. Local excision of pT1 tumors is associated with considerably less morbidity and mortality, but this must be weighed against risk of lymph node metastases. OBJECTIVE. — To understand histologic prognostic factors associated with adverse outcome in malignant polyps. DATA SOURCES. — Pertinent literature regarding histologic features of prognostic significance in malignant polyps and low-stage colorectal carcinomas is summarized and our institute's cases are used to highlight these histologic features. CONCLUSIONS. — Poor prognostic factors for malignant polyps include high tumor grade, presence of lymphovascular invasion, tumor less than 1 mm from resection margin, submucosal invasion deeper than 1 mm, and high tumor budding. These features should be assessed by the pathologist and communicated to the clinical team in order to allow proper management.
Postnatal Development of Functional Projections from Parasubiculum and Presubiculum to Medial Entorhinal Cortex in the Rat

Neurons in parasubiculum (PaS), presubiculum (PrS), and medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) code for place (grid cells) and head direction. Directional input has been shown to be important for stable grid cell properties in MEC, and PaS and PrS have been postulated to provide this information to MEC. In line with this, head direction cells in those brain areas are present at postnatal day 11 (P11), having directional tuning that stabilizes shortly after eye opening, which is before premature grid cells emerge in MEC at P16. Whether functional connectivity between these structures exists at those early postnatal stages is unclear. Using anatomical tracing, voltage-sensitive dye imaging and single-cell patch recordings in female and male rat brain slices between P2 and P61, we determined when the pathways from PaS and PrS to MEC emerge, become functional, and how they develop. Anatomical connections from PaS and PrS to superficial MEC emerge between P4 and P6. Monosynaptic connectivity from PaS and PrS to superficial MEC was measurable from P9 to P10 onward, whereas connectivity with deep MEC was measurable from P11 to P12. From P14/P15 on, reactivity of MEC neurons to parasubicular and presubicular inputs becomes adult-like and continues to develop until P28-P30. The maturation of the efficacy of both inputs between P9 and P21 is paralleled by maturation of morphological properties, changes in intrinsic properties of MEC principal neurons, and changes in the GABAergic network of MEC. In conclusion, synaptic projections from PaS and PrS to MEC become functional and adult-like before the emergence of grid cells in MEC. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Head direction information, crucial for grid cells in medial entorhinal cortex (MEC), is thought to enter MEC via parasubiculum (PaS) and presubiculum (PrS). Unraveling the development of functional connections between PaS, PrS, and MEC is key to understanding how spatial navigation, an important cognitive function, may evolve. To gain insight into the development, we used anatomical tracing techniques, voltage-sensitive dye imaging, and single-cell recordings. The combined data led us to conclude that synaptic projections from PaS and PrS to MEC become functional and adult-like before eye opening, allowing crucial head direction information to influence place encoding before the emergence of grid cells in rat MEC.
From Platelet-Rich Plasma to Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin: Biological Achievements and Clinical Advances in Modern Surgery

Abstract In the past 20 years, the platelet concentrates have evolved from first-generation products, i.e., platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and plasma rich in growth factors to the second-generation products such as leukocyte-platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) and advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF). These autologous products with a higher leukocyte inclusion and flexible fibrin mesh act as a scaffold to increase cellular migration in the angiogenic, osteogenic, and antimicrobial potential of these biomaterials in tissue regeneration. In the second-generation platelet concentrates, the protocols are easier, cheaper, and faster with an entire physiological fibrin matrix, resulting in a tridimensional mesh, not as rigid as one of the first generations. This allows the slow release of molecules over a longer period of time and triggers the healing and regenerative process at the site of injury. The potential of A-PRF to mimic the physiology and immunology of wound healing is also due to the high concentration of growth factors released as follows: vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor-β, and anti-inflammatory cytokines that stimulate tissue cicatrization, vessels formation, and bone cell proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, the number of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages is higher releasing important chemotactic molecules such as chemokine ligand-5 and eotaxin. Thus, L-PRF and A-PRF have been used, especially in implantology, periodontology, and maxillofacial surgery. Future clinical applications include tissue regeneration/grafts, ulcers/skin necrosis in the diabetic patient and others, plastic surgery, and even musculoskeletal lesions.
Comparing inertial measurement units and marker-based biomechanical models during dynamic rotation of the torso

Abstract Inertial measurement units (IMUs) enable human movements to be captured in the field and are being used increasingly in high performance sport. One key metric that can be derived from IMUs are relative angles of body segments which are important for monitoring form in many sports. The purpose of this study was to (a) examine the validity of relative angles derived from IMUs placed on the torso and pelvis; and (b) determine optimal positioning for torso mounted sensors such that the IMU relative angles match closely with gold standard torso–pelvis and thorax–pelvis relative angle data derived from an optoelectronic camera system. Seventeen adult participants undertook a variety of motion tasks. Four IMUs were positioned on the torso and one was positioned on the pelvis between the posterior superior iliac spines. Reflective markers were positioned around each IMU and over torso and pelvis landmarks. Results showed that the IMUs are valid with the root mean square errors expressed as a percentage of the angle range (RMSE%) ranging between 1% and 7%. Comparison between the IMU relative angles and the torso–pelvis and thorax–pelvis relative angles showed there were moderate to large differences with RMSE% values ranging between 4% and 57%. IMUs are highly accurate at measuring orientation data; however, further work is needed to optimise positioning and modelling approaches so IMU relative angles align more closely with relative angles derived using traditional motion capture methods.
Attainment Targets for Protein Intake Using Standardised, Concentrated and Individualised Neonatal Parenteral Nutrition Regimens

Neonatal parenteral nutrition (NPN) regimens that are individualised (iNPN) or standardised concentrated NPN (scNPN) are both currently used in preterm clinical practice. Two recent trials (one iNPN and one scNPN) each compared standard (control) and high (intervention) parenteral protein and energy dosage regimens and provided data about actual protein intake. We hypothesised that scNPN regimens would achieve a higher percentage of the target parenteral protein intake than their corresponding iNPN regimens. We calculated the daily individual target parenteral protein intake and used the daily parenteral protein intake to calculate the target attainment for protein intake in each infant for the two control (iNPN: n = 59, scNPN: n = 76) and two intervention (iNPN: n = 65; scNPN: n = 74) groups. The median (IQR) target attainment of high-dose protein was 75% (66–85) versus 94% (87–97) on days 1–15 for iNPN and scNPN regimens respectively (p < 0.01). The median (IQR) target attainment of standard dose protein was 77% (67–85) versus 94% (91–96) on days 1–15 for iNPN and scNPN regimens, respectively (p < 0.01). This was associated with improved weight gain (p = 0.050; control groups only) and head growth (p < 0.001; intervention groups only). scNPN regimens have better target attainment for parenteral protein intakes than iNPN regimens.
CT-2A neurospheres-derived high-grade glioma in mice: a new model to address tumor stem cells and immunosuppression

ABSTRACT Recently, several promising treatments for high-grade gliomas (HGGs) failed to provide significant benefit when translated from the preclinical setting to patients. Improving the animal models is fundamental to overcoming this translational gap. To address this need, we developed and comprehensively characterized a new in vivo model based on the orthotopic implantation of CT-2A cells cultured in neurospheres (NS/CT-2A). Murine CT-2A methylcholanthrene-induced HGG cells (C57BL/6 background) were cultured in monolayers (ML) or NS and orthotopically inoculated in syngeneic animals. ML/CT-2A and NS/CT-2A tumors' characterization included the analysis of tumor growth, immune microenvironment, glioma stem cells (GSCs), vascularization and metabolites. The immuno-modulating properties of NS/CT-2A and ML/CT-2A cells on splenocytes were tested in vitro. Mice harboring NS/CT-2A tumors had a shorter survival than those harboring ML/CT-2A tumors (P=0.0033). Compared to standard ML/CT-2A tumors, NS/CT-2A tumors showed more abundant GSCs (P=0.0002 and 0.0770 for Nestin and CD133, respectively) and regulatory T cells (Tregs, P=0.0074), and a strong tendency towards an increased vascularization (P=0.0503). There were no significant differences in metabolites' composition between NS/ and ML/CT-2A tumors. In vitro, NS were able to drive splenocytes towards a more immunosuppressive status by reducing CD8+ T cells (P=0.0354) and by promoting Tregs (P=0.0082), macrophages (MF, P=0.0019) and their M2 subset (P=0.0536). Compared to standard ML/CT-2A tumors, NS/CT-2A tumors show a more aggressive phenotype with increased immunosuppression and GSCs proliferation. Because of these specific features, the NS/CT-2A model represents a clinically relevant platform in the search for new HGG treatments aimed at reducing immunosuppression and eliminating GSCs. Summary: The NS/CT-2A tumor model represents a valuable research platform for the study of innovative treatments aimed at eliminating GSCs and reversing the tumor-induced immunosuppression in HGGs.
The PVN Enhances Cardiorespiratory Responses to Acute Hypoxia via Input to the nTS.

Chemoreflex neurocircuitry includes the PVN, but the role of PVN efferent projections to specific cardiorespiratory nuclei is unclear. We hypothesized the PVN contributes to cardiorespiratory responses to hypoxia via projections to the nTS. Rats received bilateral PVN microinjections of AAV expressing inhibitory DREADD (GiDREADD) or GFP control. Efficacy of GiDREADD inhibition by the DREADD agonist Compound 21 (C21) was verified in PVN slices; C21 reduced evoked action potential discharge by reducing excitability to injected current in GiDREADD-expressing PVN neurons. We evaluated hypoxic ventilatory responses (plethysmography) and PVN and nTS neuronal activation (cFos immunoreactivity, IR) to 2 hr hypoxia (10% O2) in conscious GFP and GiDREADD rats after intraperitoneal C21 injection. Generalized PVN inhibition via systemic C21 blunted hypoxic ventilatory responses and reduced PVN and also nTS neuronal activation during hypoxia. To determine if the PVN-nTS pathway contributes to these effects, we evaluated cardiorespiratory responses to hypoxia during selective PVN terminal inhibition in the nTS. Anesthetized GFP and GiDREADD rats exposed to brief hypoxia (10% O2, 45s) exhibited depressor and tachycardic responses, and increased sympathetic and phrenic nerve activity. C21 was then microinjected into the nTS, followed after 60 min by another hypoxic episode. In GiDREADD but not GFP rats, PVN terminal inhibition by nTS C21 strongly attenuated the phrenic amplitude response to hypoxia. Interestingly, C21 augmented tachycardic and sympathetic responses without altering the coupling of sSNA to PhrNA during hypoxia. Data demonstrate that the PVN, including projections to the nTS, is critical in shaping sympathetic and respiratory responses to hypoxia.