Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Commutative Information Algebras: Representation and Duality Theory

Information algebras arise from the idea that information comes in pieces which can be aggregated or combined into new pieces, that information refers to questions and that from any piece of information, the part relevant to a given question can be extracted. This leads to a certain type of algebraic structures, basically semilattices endowed with with additional unary operations. These operations essentially are (dual) existential quantifiers on the underlying semilattice. The archetypical instances of such algebras are semilattices of subsets of some universe, together with the saturation operators associated with a family of equivalence relations on this universe. Such algebras will be called {\em set algebras} in our context. Our first result is a basic representation theorem: Every abstract information algebra is isomorphic to a set algebra. When it comes to combine pieces of information, the idea to model the logical connectives {\em and}, {\em or} or {\em not} is quite natural. Accordingly, we are especially interested in information algebras where the underlying semilattice is a lattice, typically distributive or even Boolean. A major part of this paper is therefore devoted to developing explicitly a full-fledged natural duality theory extending Stone resp. Priestley duality in a suitable way in order to take into account the additional operations.
Misplaced Subsequences Repairing with Application to Multivariate Industrial Time Series Data

Both the volume and the collection velocity of time series generated by monitoring sensors are increasing in the Internet of Things (IoT). Data management and analysis requires high quality and applicability of the IoT data. However, errors are prevalent in original time series data. Inconsistency in time series is a serious data quality problem existing widely in IoT. Such problem could be hardly solved by existing techniques. Motivated by this, we define an inconsistent subsequences problem in multivariate time series, and propose an integrity data repair approach to solve inconsistent problems. Our proposed repairing method consists of two parts: (1) we design effective anomaly detection method to discover latent inconsistent subsequences in the IoT time series; and (2) we develop repair algorithms to precisely locate the start and finish time of inconsistent intervals, and provide reliable repairing strategies. A thorough experiment on two real-life datasets verifies the superiority of our method compared to other practical approaches. Experimental results also show that our method captures and repairs inconsistency problems effectively in industrial time series in complex IIoT scenarios.
Quantum digital signatures with smaller public keys

We introduce a variant of quantum signatures in which nonbinary symbols are signed instead of bits. The public keys are fingerprinting states, just as in the scheme of Gottesman and Chuang, but we allow for multiple ways to reveal the private key partially. The effect of this modification is a reduction of the number of qubits expended per message bit. We give a security proof and we present numerical results that show how the improvement in public key size depends on the message length.
Comparison of Sequential Indicator Simulation and Transition Probability Indicator Simulation Used to Model Clay Content in Microscale Surface Soil

Quantitative study of the spatial distribution of soil clay content is crucial to soil microecological research, soil physical and chemical properties, and agricultural and environmental management. In this article, the distribution of clay content within a 1-m3 soil body was selected as the study object. The soil clay content was measured with a laser grain-size analyzer and classified into indicator data. The spatial variability of the data was then analyzed by indicator variogram and transiogram. The results of the indicator variogram showed that the spatial distribution of clay content in a horizontal direction is highly random. However, the results of the transiogram of clay content exhibited obvious spatial juxtapositional tendencies both vertically and horizontally. Subsequently, sequential indicator simulation (SIS) and transition probability indicator simulation (TPROGS) were applied to create conditional realizations of the 1-m3 soil body. Finally, the realizations were validated by reproduction of a histogram, connectivity, as well as mean absolute error of prediction. The results indicated that the major textural classes were overestimated, whereas the minor classes were underestimated in the SIS-generated histogram, whereas all classes were well reproduced in the TPROGS. In addition, compared with the measured data, the connectivity of SIS realizations was significantly reduced, whereas the connectivity of TPROGS was coherent with measured data, which indicated that the crucial spatial characteristics, which were neglected by SIS, can be captured by TPROGS, even if the accuracy of prediction is similar. Therefore, the TPROGS method is a suitable method for characterizing the distribution of clay content in soil. The results may provide useful information for soil research.
Extensions of hyperbolic groups have locally uniform exponential growth

We introduce a quantitative characterization of subgroup alternatives modeled on the Tits alternative in terms of group laws and investigate when this property is preserved under extensions. We develop a framework that lets us expand the classes of groups known to have locally uniform exponential growth to include extensions of either word hyperbolic or right-angled Artin groups by groups with locally uniform exponential growth. From this, we deduce that the automorphism group of a torsion-free one-ended hyperbolic group has locally uniform exponential growth. Our methods also demonstrate that automorphism groups of torsion-free one-ended toral relatively hyperbolic groups and certain right-angled Artin groups satisfy our quantitative subgroup alternative.
L INEAR -T IME W ORD P IECE T OKENIZATION A P REPRINT

WordPiece tokenization is a subword-based tokenization schema adopted by BERT: it segments the input text via a longest-match-ﬁrst tokenization strategy, known as Maximum Matching or Max-Match. To the best of our knowledge, all published MaxMatch algorithms are quadratic (or higher). In this paper, we propose LinMaxMatch, a novel linear-time algorithm for MaxMatch and Word-Piece tokenization. Inspired by the Aho-Corasick algorithm, we introduce additional linkages on top of the trie built from the vocabulary, allowing smart transitions when the trie matching cannot continue. Experimental results show that our algorithm is 3x faster on average than two production systems by HuggingFace and TensorFlow Text. Regarding long-tail inputs, our algorithm is 4.5x faster at the 95 percentile. This work has immediate practical value (reducing inference latency, saving compute resources, etc.) and is of theoretical interest by providing an optimal complexity solution to the decades-old MaxMatch problem.
OSTeC: One-Shot Texture Completion

The last few years have witnessed the great success of non-linear generative models in synthesizing high-quality photorealistic face images. Many recent 3D facial texture reconstruction and pose manipulation from a single image approaches still rely on large and clean face datasets to train image-to-image Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). Yet the collection of such a large scale high-resolution 3D texture dataset is still very costly and difficult to maintain age/ethnicity balance. Moreover, regression-based approaches suffer from generalization to the in-the-wild conditions and are unable to fine-tune to a target-image. In this work, we propose an unsupervised approach for one-shot 3D facial texture completion that does not re-quire large-scale texture datasets, but rather harnesses the knowledge stored in 2D face generators. The proposed approach rotates an input image in 3D and fill-in the unseen regions by reconstructing the rotated image in a 2D face generator, based on the visible parts. Finally, we stitch the most visible textures at different angles in the UV image-plane. Further, we frontalize the target image by projecting the completed texture into the generator. The qualitative and quantitative experiments demonstrate that the completed UV textures and frontalized images are of high quality, resembles the original identity, can be used to train a texture GAN model for 3DMM fitting and improve pose-invariant face recognition. 1
Differentiable Programming A La Moreau

The notion of a Moreau envelope is central to the analysis of first-order optimization algorithms for machine learning and signal processing. We define a compositional calculus adapted to Moreau envelopes and show how to apply it to deep networks, and, more broadly, to learning systems equipped with automatic differentiation and implemented in the spirit of differentiable programming.
Solving Interactive Fiction Games via Partial Evaluation and Bounded Model Checking

We present a case study on using program verification tools, specifically model-checkers for C programs, to solve simple interactive fiction games from around 1980. Off-the-shelf model-checking tools are unable to handle the games in their original form. In order to work around this, we apply a series of program transformations that do not change the behaviour of the program. An interesting aspect of these games is that they use a simple, interpreted language to script in-game events. This turns out to be the most difficult part of the program for verification tools to handle; we tackle this using partial evaluation. Our case study thus provides some insights that are applicable more generally to verification and analysis of programs that interpret scripting languages. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a commercially released game being solved by application of a program model-checker to the game's code.
The Novel Obscured State of the Stellar-mass Black Hole GRS 1915+105

GRS 1915+105 is a stellar-mass black hole that is well known for exhibiting at least 12 distinct classes of X-ray variability and correlated multi-wavelength behavior. Despite such extraordinary variability, GRS 1915+105 remained one of the brightest sources in the X-ray sky. However, in early 2019, the source became much fainter, apparently entering a new accretion state. Here, we report the results of an extensive, year-long monitoring campaign of GRS 1915+105 with the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory. During this interval, the flux of GRS 1915+105 gradually diminished; the observed count rate eventually dropped by two orders of magnitude. Simple but robust spectral fits to these monitoring observations show that this new state results from the combination of a dramatic and persistent increase in internal obscuration, and a reduced mass accretion rate. The internal obscuration is the dominant effect, with a median value of N H = 7 × 1023 cm−2. In a number of observations, the source appears to be Compton-thick. We suggest that this state should be identified as the “obscured state,” and discuss the implications of this new (or rarely observed) accretion mode for black holes across the mass scale.
a×b=c in 2+1D TQFT

We study the implications of the anyon fusion equation a× b = c on global properties of 2 + 1D topological quantum field theories (TQFTs). Here a and b are anyons that fuse together to give a unique anyon, c. As is well known, when at least one of a and b is abelian, such equations describe aspects of the one-form symmetry of the theory. When a and b are non-abelian, the most obvious way such fusions arise is when a TQFT can be resolved into a product of TQFTs with trivial mutual braiding, and a and b lie in separate factors. More generally, we argue that the appearance of such fusions for non-abelian a and b can also be an indication of zero-form symmetries in a TQFT, of what we term “quasizero-form symmetries" (as in the case of discrete gauge theories based on the largest Mathieu group, M24), or of the existence of non-modular fusion subcategories. We study these ideas in a variety of TQFT settings from (twisted and untwisted) discrete gauge theories to Chern-Simons theories based on continuous gauge groups and related cosets. Along the way, we prove various useful theorems.
High-brightness AlGaInN light-emitting diodes

Currently, commercial LEDs based on AlGaInN emit light efficiently from the ultraviolet-blue to the green portion of the visible wavelength spectrum. Data are presented on AlGaInN LEDs grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy (OMVPE). Designs for high-power AlGaInN LEDs are presented along with their performance in terms of output power and efficiency. Finally, present and potential applications for high-power AlGaInN LEDs, including traffic signals and contour lighting, are discussed.
Development and assessment of a mathematical model to predict foliar spray deposition under laboratory track spraying conditions

A mathematical model based on Young's equation of adhesion of liquids to solid surfaces has been developed to predict foliar spray deposition under track-spraying conditions. The model incorporates the physical nature and morphological characteristics of the plant leaf surface and the physical properties of the spray solution. It was tested using experimental spray deposition measurements on four different plant species and an artificial target of glass rods with an array of forty-eight solutions varying systematically in composition and properties. The morphological factors and regression coefficient of the model were calculated by a least-squares multiple-regression analysis of the observed spray deposition. The physical natures, wettabilities, of the target surfaces were estimated from contact angle measurements. The physical properties of the spray solutions, drop sizes and dynamic surface tensions were measured by a Malvern 2600 HSD particle size analyser and the maximum bubble pressure method respectively. Drop sizes were approximately constant through the series of solutions though dynamic surface tensions varied and form an important term in the model. The spray depositions predicted by the model were plotted as response surfaces against solution composition and compared with those from the observed spray depositions. Agreements were high (explained variances, wheat, 96.4%; green foxtail, 98.6%; pea, 98.9%; sugar beet, 98.6%; glass rods, 99.4%), giving confidence that the model had been correctly formulated. An explanation for the varying abilities of different plants to capture different volumes of spray solutions can now be expressed in qualitative and quantitative terms. Further validation of the model is in progress.
MHD FREE CONVECTION FLOW OF A NANOFLUID PAST A VERTICAL PLATE IN THE PRESENCE OF HEAT GENERATION OR ABSORPTION EFFECTS

This work is focused on the numerical solution of steady natural convection boundary-layer flow of a nanofluid consisting of a pure fluid with nanoparticles along a permeable vertical plate in the presence of magnetic field, heat generation or absorption, and suction or injection effects. The model used for the nanofluid incorporates the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. The governing boundary-layer equations of the problem are formulated and transformed into a non-similar form. The obtained equations are then solved numerically by an efficient, iterative, tri-diagonal, implicit finite-difference method. Comparisons with previously published work are performed and are found to be in excellent agreement. Representative results for the longitudinal velocity, temperature, and nanoparticle volume fraction profiles as well as the local heat transfer rates for various values of the physical parameters are displayed in both graphical and tabular forms.
Isotopic Hg in an Allende carbon-rich residue

A carbon-rich residue from Allende subjected to stepwise heating yielded two isotopically resolvable types of Hg: one with an (Hg-196)/(Hg-202) concentration ratio the same as terrestrial (monitor) Hg; the other enriched in Hg-196 relative to Hg-202 by about 60 percent. Hg with the 202 isotope enriched relative to 196, as is found in bulk Allende, was not observed. Whether the result of mass fractionation or nucleosynthesis, the distinct types of Hg entered different carrier phases and were not thermally mobilized since the accretion of the Allende parent body. 9 refs.
Effect of polymers on crystallo-co-agglomeration of ibuprofen-paracetamol: Factorial design

The purpose of this research was to study the effect of concentration of polyethylene glycol and ethyl cellulose on the properties of agglomerates of ibuprofen-paracetamol obtained by crystallo-co-agglomeration technique. The process of crystallo-co-agglomeration involved recrystallization of ibuprofen and its simultaneous agglomeration with paracetamol in presence polymers. The effect of combination of polyethylene glycol and ethylcellulose was studied by 2 2 factorial design. Ibuprofen content of the agglomerate increased with increase in ethyl cellulose while paracetamol content was decreased with increase in polyethylene glycol. Differential scanning calorimetry thermograms of agglomerates showed the unchanged endotherm for ibuprofen melting, whereas paracetamol endotherm was diffused with low enthalpy. The agglomerates were spherical but increase in polyethylene glycol caused its deformation. Agglomerates containing ethylcellulose with polyethylene glycol have higher resistance for fragmentation, modulus of elasticity but impart high tensile strength.
The corrosion of excavated archaeological iron with details on weeping and akaganéite

Abstract This review of information relevant to the corrosion processes on excavated archaeological iron is based on the current conservation and scientific literature. The first section summarizes the principal factors affecting the corrosion of iron during burial. These changes during burial are then used as a basis for discussion of the corrosion of excavated iron. Finally, two physical symptoms of active corrosion on excavated iron, ‘weeping’ and akaganeite formation, are described and illustrated with colour photographs and scanning electron micrographs.
Application of a low‐pressure radio frequency discharge source to polysilicon gate etching

We have shown that a discharge can be sustained at low pressure (≲10−3 Torr) in a single‐wafer reactor using experimental quarter‐wave helical resonator structures operated at radio frequencies. These discharge sources have been used to etch submicron‐wide polysilicon gates with chlorine and chlorine/oxygen mixtures. Selectivities for undoped polysilicon over oxide and hard baked trilevel photoresist were 70:1 and 2.8:1, respectively, in a 75 W discharge operated at 0.1 mTorr with a Cl2/1% O2 feed gas mixture. Anisotropic profiles of 0.25 μm lines were obtained across 100 mm wafers with negligible linewidth loss. These preliminary experiments show that rf resonator discharges may offer an alternative to low‐pressure microwave discharges such as those based on electron cyclotron resonance.
Electron spin resonance studies of copper(II) hydroxy-carboxylic acid chelates in aqueous and non-aqueous solutions

The theory of the electron spin resonance of dipolar coupled copper(II)–copper(II) pairs has been critically assessed and extended to take into account ΔM= 2 transitions that are observed experimentally. Computational procedures have been evolved to determine the copper(II)–copper(III) separation in dimeric species. The existence of such species has been shown in both aqueous and non-aqueous solutions of the copper(II) chelates of citric, malic, tartronic, mandelic, and 5-sulphosalicyclic acids. The computational procedures have been applied to calculating and comparing the electron spin resonance signal line-shape for the dimeric species with that obtained experimentally, leading to a selection of the values of the parameters involved which includes the copper(II)–copper(II) separation. With this information, structures have been proposed for the various dimeric species.
Studies on meat flavor. 3. A novel method for trapping volatile components from uncured and cured pork

Volatile components from uncured and cured pork were trapped onto a solid adsorbent (Florisil cartridge) and in an organic solvent (pentane) using the novel nitrogen purge-and-trap (NPT) technique. A total of 32 compounds not previously reported in the meat-flavor literature were identified. It was also evident that the meat-flavor concentrates prepared by the NPT method showed the presence of heterocyclic and phenolic constituents not detected in the aroma concentrates previously prepared by us using continuous steam distillation-extraction
Shear thickening in a solution undergoing inverse melting

Rheological measurements on a solution undergoing inverse melting are presented as a function of temperature and concentration. Under shear, this solution exhibits the phenomenon of shear thickening; i.e. an increase in apparent viscosity with increasing shear rate . In particular, a shear-thickening transition happens at a critical shear rate , which increases with increasing concentration. It defines two different regimes: at low shear rates , the fluid shows Newtonian behaviour, while at shear rates , a transition from the Newtonian to the shear-thickening regime is observed. This behaviour is interpreted on the basis of a relaxation process activated by the shear and characterised by a relaxation time . In the thickening region, the viscosity data are well fitted with a power-law model , with n = 1.8. The temperature and concentration behaviour of the zero shear viscosity, the power-law exponent and the critical shear rate are discussed.
Three Dimension Human Body Format and Its Virtual Avatar Animation Application

Paper introduced the concept of human body skeleton model, and discussed two kinds of commonly used 3D human body format. One is BVH file, currently the basis human body format supported by Poser and 3DMax. The other is H-ANIM standard, which is tightly integrated with VRML. Then we introduced VRML avatar explorer mode. Finally gives out a practical avatar animation application example in our developed virtual Yinxu museum.
Effect of Casting Solution on Morphology and Performance of PVDF Microfiltration Membranes

The effects of preparation-influencing parameters such as polymer concentration, thickness of casting solution, and type of solvent on morphology and performance of poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) microfiltration membranes for the treatment of emulsified oily wastewater were investigated. Flat-sheet membranes were prepared from a casting solution of polymer and additive in various solvents by immersing the prepared films in nonsolvent-containing mixtures of water and 2-propanol. The membranes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. Increasing the polymer concentration and membrane thickness significantly affected the pore size, leading to permeate flux decrease. An attempt was made to correlate the effect of the solvent on membrane morphology and performance employing solubility parameters between solvent and nonsolvent).
Hyperbranched Polymers for Photolithographic Applications – Towards Understanding the Relationship between Chemical Structure of Polymer Resin and Lithographic Performances

A chemically amplified resist based on a hyperbranched polymer resin is demonstrated for the first time. The hyperbranched polymer is synthesized using the atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) technique, and resists prepared from this hyperbranched polymer present good pattern profiles and line-edge roughness (3 sigma) values comparable to those of the reference (commercial) resist.