Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Simulation of a 41-level inverter built by cascading two symmetric cascaded multilevel inverter

The main disadvantage for cascaded multilevel inverter is the high number of switching device it needs in an installation. To reduce total harmonics distortion (THD) of the output waveform, the number of output voltage level has to be increased, hence the higher number of switching devices. This consequently increases the installation cost, inverter size and voltage losses at the load terminals. In this paper a new cascaded multilevel inverter concept is proposed with a small number of switching devices and dc sources needed. The 41-level inverter consist of several high voltage and low voltage dc sources. The switching strategy of the inverter is the low voltage dc sources are switched in several times in a half cycle of the output. The 41-level cascaded multilevel inverter operation is then demonstrated by the Matlab simulation.
Two-Dimensional Resource Allocation for OFDMA System

The resource allocation problem in OFDMA system is how to assign two-dimensional blocks covering time and frequency to multi-users. Resource allocation is crucial to system performance but is not defined in IEEE 802.16 standards. We proved that the problem of resource allocation in IEEE 802.16 standard is NP-complete. To approximately solve the problem in real time, we present a fast heuristic algorithm with O(n2) computational complexity based on topology evaluation. Simulation results show that the allocation result is competitive.
2 Related work : popular models for text classification

Deep neural networks are in vogue for text classification. The lack of interpretability and computational cost associated with deep architectures has led to renewed interest in effective baseline models. In this paper, we review several popular baseline models which strike a balance between traditional and neural approaches, and propose improvements by combining their key contributions. In particular, we study gradient-tuned word embeddings, modeling n-grams, and generative sentence representation methods. We evaluate our methods by comparing end performance and training time on sentiment analysis and topic classification tasks. By combining techniques of popular baseline models into a single shallow architecture, we outperformed the individual models on all tasks, were competitive with traditional and deep approaches, and maintained fast training times.
Demonstrative Pronouns in Natural Discourse

We examine demonstrative pronouns in a portion of the Santa Barbara Corpus of American English and propose a coding scheme that classifies pronouns with nominal as well as non-nominal antecedents into direct and indirect, depending on whether their referent is the same as the referent/denotation of the antecedent. In agreement with previous studies, we find that demonstratives more often have non-NP antecedents than NP-antecedents, the opposite pattern from that of the personal pronouns. Since anaphoric relationships involving non=NP antecedents are more frequently indirect, our scheme allows for a principled explanation for the difference in distribution patterns of demonstratives compared with personal pronouns. We propose that the indirect anaphoric cases are more accessible to reference with demonstratives because, demonstratives only require the referent to be activated, not necessarily in focus.
Premium quality power park based on multi-terminal HVDC

Subtransmission and distribution systems in large cities are often served by underground cable systems. Because of the compactness and the reduced cost of dc cable transmission lines, a Multi-Terminal HVDC system based on IGBT Voltage Source Converters (VSCs) can be an attractive alternative to an ac cable system. This paper draws attention to the added value which comes from the capability of Multi-Terminal HVDC (VSC-M-HVDC) system to ensure uninterrupted quality power to sensitive loads. The value of Premium Quality Power Park obtainable from a VSC-M-HVDC system should enhance its attractiveness.
Tomographic reflection modelling of quasi-periodic oscillations in the black hole binary H 1743-322

Accreting stellar mass black holes (BHs) routinely exhibit Type-C quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs). These are often interpreted as Lense–Thirring precession of the inner accretion flow, a relativistic effect whereby the spin of the BH distorts the surrounding space–time, inducing nodal precession. The best evidence for the precession model is the recent discovery, using a long joint XMM–Newton and NuSTAR observation of H 1743−322, that the centroid energy of the iron florescence line changes systematically with QPO phase. This was interpreted as the inner flow illuminating different azimuths of the accretion disc as it precesses, giving rise to a blueshifted/redshifted iron line when the approaching/receding disc material is illuminated. Here, we develop a physical model for this interpretation, including a self-consistent reflection continuum, and fit this to the same H 1743−322 data. We use an analytic function to parametrize the asymmetric illumination pattern on the disc surface that would result from inner flow precession, and find that the data are well described if two bright patches rotate about the disc surface. This model is preferred to alternatives considering an oscillating disc ionization parameter, disc inner radius and radial emissivity profile. We find that the reflection fraction varies with QPO phase (3.5σ), adding to the now formidable body of evidence that Type-C QPOs are a geometric effect. This is the first example of tomographic QPO modelling, initiating a powerful new technique that utilizes QPOs in order to map the dynamics of accreting material close to the BH.
Characterisation of L-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1 (LAT1) Expression in Human Skeletal Muscle by Immunofluorescent Microscopy

The branch chain amino acid leucine is a potent stimulator of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle. Leucine rapidly enters the cell via the L-Type Amino Acid Transporter 1 (LAT1); however, little is known regarding the localisation and distribution of this transporter in human skeletal muscle. Therefore, we applied immunofluorescence staining approaches to visualise LAT1 in wild type (WT) and LAT1 muscle-specific knockout (mKO) mice, in addition to basal human skeletal muscle samples. LAT1 positive staining was visually greater in WT muscles compared to mKO muscle. In human skeletal muscle, positive LAT1 staining was noted close to the sarcolemmal membrane (dystrophin positive staining), with a greater staining intensity for LAT1 observed in the sarcoplasmic regions of type II fibres (those not stained positively for myosin heavy-chain 1, Type II—25.07 ± 5.93, Type I—13.71 ± 1.98, p < 0.01), suggesting a greater abundance of this protein in these fibres. Finally, we observed association with LAT1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), suggesting LAT1 association close to the microvasculature. This is the first study to visualise the distribution and localisation of LAT1 in human skeletal muscle. As such, this approach provides a validated experimental platform to study the role and regulation of LAT1 in human skeletal muscle in response to various physiological and pathophysiological models.
Cloning of Trehalose-6-Phosphate Phosphatase and Transformation to Tobacco

The trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (TPP) is one of enzymes related to trehalose biosynthesis. But the researches of TPP were mainly focused in microorganism; few in the plant were reported. In this study, the TPP gene was cloned from Arabidopsis seedling by using RT-PCR (reverse transcription PCR) method. Then it was constructed to pET30a (+) vector and overexpressed in E.coli. Subsequently, the TPP was ligated into the plant expressional vector pBI121 and transformed to tobacco. Three transgenic individuals have obtained and one of them has transcribed successfully through Real-time QPCR detection. The trehalose content has less visible increase in P3 individual, but there was no obvious difference between the transgenic plant and control under salt stress.
Mutual coupling reduction in C-shaped dielectric resonator antenna array for MIMO applications

A technique to reduce the mutual coupling between two closely spaced dielectric resonator antennas (DRA) is proposed for wireless MIMO applications. The design starts with a miniaturized C-shaped DRA. There is an air gap between the dielectric resonator and finite ground plane. In this proposed antenna, microstrip line feeding is used for easy fabrication. The S-parameter of C-shaped DRA is providing desired frequency of interest at 3.5 GHz and 5.8 GHz, which is suitable for WiMAX applications. An array of two elements C-shaped DRA array has been designed. The approach for reducing the mutual coupling (S21 and S12) in C-shaped DRA array has been presented for MIMO applications. The proposed technique simply reduces the mutual coupling by only reducing the dimension of the ground plane with proper arrangement of array elements. After suitable modification of ground plane, the final simulated result yields better than -30 dB of mutual coupling at resonant frequencies. The S-parameter, gain, directivity, radiation pattern results for C-shaped DRA as well as the S-parameter results for mutual coupling of DRA array are presented here.
Molecular Basis of Vascular Birthmarks

Vascular anomalies affect up to 10% of newborns, largely because of the high incidence of hemangioma of infancy. Vascular anomalies also frequently occur in adults; there is high prevalence of capillary malformations (0.3%). These cutaneous stains often cause psychosocial problems related to their visibility. Venous malformations occur in the skin and in internal organs and may cause destruction. Primary lymphedema causes lifelong morbidity, and arteriovenous malformations, in addition to causing distortion, obstruction, and pain, can be life endangering. The pathophysiology of these anomalies has stayed largely unknown, but genetic studies have revealed clues to their etiology. Genetic defects cause hereditary types of venous malformation, cutaneous and mucosal (VMCM); glomuvenous malformation (GVM); primary congenital lymphedema (Milroy disease); lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome; hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia (HLT) syndrome; hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT); cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM); and a newly recognized disorder, capillary malformation–arteriovenous malfor- mation (CM-AVM). These seminal discoveries have not only permitted a more precise clinical classification and diagnosis (a prerequisite for corrective measures for prevention, treatment, and follow-up) but also pointed the way to the identification of factors that play an important role in vasculogenesis or angiogenesis, or both.
Novel electrostatic discharge (ESD) clamp circuit with low leakage current

A novel electrostatic discharge (ESD) clamp circuit for power-rail ESD protection, consisting of the stacked transistors and biased RC network, is proposed in a 90 nm CMOS process. The biased RC network possesses a small footprint and the detection circuit has a pretty low leakage current of up to 12 nA under normal operation. The proposed ESD clamp circuit has a long hold-on time of 800 ns under the ESD event and a quick turn-off mechanism for false triggering. SPICE simulation is carried out to evaluate the ESD clamp, and comparing with the conventional designs, the simulation results suggest that the proposed circuit has a lower power consumption and smaller footprint while achieving better performance.
uantifying circular – linear associations : Hippocampal phase precession

When a rat crosses the place field of a hippocampal pyramidal cell, this cell typically fires a series of spikes. Spike phases, measured with respect to theta oscillations of the local field potential, on average decrease as a function of the spatial distance traveled. This relation between phase and position of spikes might be a neural basis for encoding and is called phase precession. The degree of association between the circular phase variable and the linear spatial variable is commonly quantified through, however, a linear–linear correlation coefficient where the circular variable is converted to a linear variable by restricting the phase to an arbitrarily chosen range, which may bias the estimated correlation. Here we introduce a new measure to quantify circular–linear associations. This measure leads to a robust estimate of the slope and phase offset of the regression line, and it provides a correlation coefficient for circular–linear data that is a natural analog of Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient for linear–linear data. Using ircular–linear regression surrogate data, we show that the new method outperforms the standard linear–linear approach with respect to estimates of the regression line and the correlation, and that the new method is less dependent on noise and sample size. We confirm these findings in a large data set of experimental recordings from hippocampal place cells and theta oscillations, and we discuss remaining problems that are relevant for the analysis and interpretation of phase precession. In summary, we provide a new method for the quantification of circular–linear associations.
On the application of novice to expert theory in nursing; a systematic review

Background and aim: Experience and proficiency is necessary for nursing practices. Experience would result in intuition, moral reasoning, and personal knowledge. Benner, as a nursing theorist, emphasizes on experience and the knowledge gained through experience. The aim of the present study was to address the application of Benner's novice to expert theory in nursing career. Material and methods: SID, Iranmedex, Magiran, Irandoc, Scopuse, and PubMed were the databases used by the study for finding relevant studies. The keywords were "from novice to expert" and "Benner's theory". Several steps were carried out and finally eleven articles were included in the study. The quality of the paper were assessed using the STROPE Statement. Findings: Out of 988 of initial articles, 31 ones were relevant to the subject of the study. The abstracts of these articles were carefully investigated and 11 ones which were totally relevant to the study were selected for further analyses. The results were presented in four main categories of nursing education, nursing management, nursing practice, and nursing researches. Conclusion: The novice to expert theory can be used as a predetermined clinical guideline for conducting all practices associated with nursing career.
Comparing the effect of bioflocculant with synthetic polymers on enhancing granulation in UASB reactors for low-strength wastewater treatment

This study was aimed at introducing a novel bioflocculant to enhance anaerobic granulation in a UASB reactor for lowstrength synthetic wastewater and comparing the effect with synthetic polymers. A laboratory-scale study was undertaken to achieve this goal. Four identical UASB reactors were operated in parallel in the treatment of low-strength synthetic wastewater over 136d at 35 ± 1 ℃. One unit (labelled R1) was injected weekly with bioflocculant, a 2nd unit (labelled R2) was operated with the addition of acrylamide-chitosan graft copolymer, a 3rd unit (labelled R3) was operated with the addition of cationic polyacrylamide, and a 4th (labelled R4) served as a control without any polymer addition. The results showed that R1 was the most efficient, while R3 performed better than the other two reactors. The rates of granulation in R1, R2 and R3 were enhanced by 50% vs. 87% vs. 75% when compared with R4. Though bioflocculant addition was not the most effective way of developing large-size granules, it was demonstrated to be the least inhibitory in enhancing micro-organism multiplication and improving microbial metabolic activity. The volatile suspended solids to suspended solids ratio and the sludge methanogenic activity of the granular samples from R1 were higher than those of the other three reactors. When compared with the control reactor, polymer-added reactors performed better at the most organic loading rate as polymer addition resulted in a considerably higher degree of retention of biomass and lower solids washout from UASB reactors. Granulation was achieved in all four of the reactors, but the granules from polymer-enhanced reactors appeared earlier and were larger than those from the control reactor were. Water SA Vol. 31 (2) 2005: pp.177-182
The mediating role of self-determination in the relationship between goal orientations and physical self-worth in greek exercisers

This paper examines correlates of physical self-worth (PSW) in exercisers through employing two theoretical constructs popular in motivational psychology. Selfdetermination theory (SDT) and achievement goal orientation theory were adopted, and a cross-sectional survey was employed. Greek exercisers (N = 350, mean age = 30.8 years), participating in 1 of 4 different exercise activities were studied. Theoretical predictions established a model that was tested through path analysis. The selfdetermination continuum was hypothesized to mediate the relation between goal orientations and PSW. Task orientation predicted PSW through intrinsic motivation and identified regulation and, to a lesser extent, through introjected regulation. Ego orientation was related mainly to extrinsic regulation, and it predicted PSW only through the internally regulated variables of intrinsic and identified regulation. The model was found to fit the data well. Results showed that 17.2% of PSW was explained by the 2 motivational constructs.
Biotreatment of Industrial Wastewaters under Transient-State Conditions: Process Stability with Fluctuations of Organic Load, Substrates, Toxicants, and Environmental Parameters

Biotreatment of industrial wastewater is often challenged by operation under transient states with respect to organic loads, pollutants, and physical characteristics. Furthermore, the potential presence of inhibitory compounds requires careful monitoring and adequate process design. This review describes difficulties encountered in biological treatment of wastewater with highly variable influent characteristics. Typical design aspects of biological processes are presented and discussed with respect to their success in treating highly fluctuating wastewaters. In general, biomass retention is a key factor for dealing with highly fluctuating and/or inhibitory wastewater, but the how it operates also affects the stability of performance, as it was shown that dynamic operation instead of operation at a constant flow enhances biodegradation onset and more evenly distributed activity. Although ultimately stable effluent quality must be achieved, the microbial population stability is not necessarily high, as it was shown that microbial diversity and flexibility may play a critical role in functional stability.
Extended state observer based adaptive control scheme for PMSM system

In this paper, the speed regulation problem for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) systems under vector control framework is studied. A modified composite control strategy combining model reference adaptive control (MRAC) method and extended state observer (ESO) technology, called MRAC+ESO method, is proposed. Controller is designed for the speed loop of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) to improve the performance of the system. The stability analysis, simulation and experimental results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Dual-polarimetric feature extraction and evaluation for oil spill detection: A near real time perspective

Oil spill detection using SAR imagery is well established and currently used operationally over European waters. However, adaptation of oil spill detection methodologies exploiting polarimetric features is still in research phase and until recently those properties have not been used for operational services. Proposed methodology introduces for the first time a combination of traditional and polarimetric features for object-based oil spill detection and look-alike discrimination in a Near Real Time environment. A total number of 35 feature parameters were extracted from 225 oil spill and 26 look-alikes and divided into training and validation dataset. Extracted features have been assessed and ranked according to their ability to discriminate between oil spill and `look-alike'. Extracted features are used for training and validation of a Support Vector Machine based classifier. Performance estimation was carried out for the proposed methodology on a large dataset with overall classification accuracy of 90% oil spill and 91% for look-alike. Polarimetric features such as Geometric Intensity, Co-Polarization Power Ratio, Span proven to be more discriminative than other polarimetric and traditional features.
The Realisation of Stress in Welsh English

Primary lexical stress is realised differently in English and Welsh. English lexical stress involves greater vowel duration in the associated syllable, whereas Welsh involves the shortening of the vowel associated with the stressed syllable and the lengthening of the immediately following consonant. Some accounts have suggested that Welsh English also features this long post-stress consonant. This study examined the realisation of primary lexical stress in Welsh English by comparing it to Welsh and Standard Southern British English (SSBE). The results show that the long post-stress consonant duration in Welsh English is similar to Welsh.
Angle of arrival detection by ESPRIT method

The direction of arrival estimation of a signal impinging on a array of antennas is an important aspect in signal processing. In order to estimate the angle, we have to relay on a mathematical function known as “pseudospectrum”. This pseudospectrum estimation methods yields best results, when it is employed along with a superior working algorithm to calculate the pseudospectrum. The two widely used subspace based algorithms namely ‘MUSIC’ and ‘ESPRIT’ are broadly discussed. The ESPRIT (Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Technique) uses the rotational invariance of the data that is received by the sensor array. This paper provides results stating that the performance of ESPRIT algorithm improved with an increase in the array elements. It even specifies the results of ESPRIT algorithm when the incoming signals that are to estimated are coherent in nature.
Nanophotonics and integrated optics Photonic Crystal Cavities

This whitepaper gives a general overview on different concepts of photonic crystal cavities. Important figures such as the transmission, the mode volume and the quality factor are discussed. The presented information will help the reader to decide which type of photonic crystal cavities will be most suited for the application in view. A design example for a WDM channel filter is given in order to illustrate the design process for a photonic crystal cavity. Furthermore two experimental examples from recent research are shown to demonstrate the wide range of applications in which photonic crystal cavities could be used.
A sparse linear model for the analysis of fMRI data with non stationary noise

In this work we present a bayesian approach for the estimation of the regression parameters in the analysis of fMRI data when the noise is non - stationary. The proposed approach is based on the Variational Bayesian (VB) Methodology and the Generalized Linear Model (GLM). The VB methodology permits the use of prior distributions over the parameters of the noise. This results to a very elegant approach to estimate the time varying variance of the noise and to overcome the problem of over - parameterization which is present in the estimation procedure. The proposed approach is compared to the Weighted Least Square (WLS) and is evaluated using simulated and real fMRI time series. The proposed approach shows better performance than WLS.