Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morphological variations of the three otoliths of some species of the family Loricariidae (Ostariophysi: Siluriformes)

Los otolitos son tres pares de estructuras calcareas que se encuentran en el oido interno de los peces oseos. En muchos casos ellos muestran una morfologia especifica para cada especie. El presente estudio describe las variaciones morfologicas de los otolitos, lapillus, asteriscus y sagitta, de once especies pertenecientes a cuatro subfamilias de loricaridos. Se presentan estructuras que caracterizan los otolitos de Loricariidae y a algunas de sus subfamilias. El sagitta exhibe una morfologia especifica que no se encuentra en otras familias siluriformes: es claviforme con una region posterior conica y una anterior ensanchada. En esta ultima, se observan elevaciones centrales; las alas dorsales que se continuan con expansiones laterales denominadas alas basales. Hypoptopomatinae y Loricariinae, asi como las subfamilias Hypostominae y Ancistrinae se pueden agrupar por dos patrones morfologicos de la lapillus: Un patron de forma ovoide, en el que los lapillae son alargados en su eje superior-inferior y el mond dificilmente sobrepasa el borde anterior de los otolitos. El otro es un patron oval, donde los lapillae son alargados en su eje antero-posterior y el mond siempre sobrepasa el borde anterior de una manera notoria. Los patrones propuestos aqui podrian ser diagnosticos de ciertas subfamilias.
Identification of volatile compounds, antimicrobial properties and antioxidant activity from leaves, cones and stems of Cupressus sempervirens from Algeria

Cupressus sempervirens L. (Cupressaceae) leaves, cones and young branches have been used in traditional medicine and aromatherapy. The composition of the isolates obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts (plant material collected at Bainam forest, in Northwest of Alger, Algiers), were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The leaves isolate (yield 0.22% w/w), was mainly composed of monoterpene hydrocarbons (60.8%), α-pinene (38.4%), δ-3-Carene (13.9%), α-Cedrol (10.6%), α-Terpinyl acetate (3.5%) and E-Totarol (3.0%). The cones isolate (yield 0.34% w/w) was predominantly composed of monoterpene hydrocarbons (33.I8%), with α-pinene (20.3%), δ-3-Carene (6.0%), Tepinene-4-ol (9.0%), α-Terpineol (9.0%), α-Terpinyl acetate (5.9%), α-Cedrol (9.1%), and E-Totarol (4.4%). The major components of stems isolates (yield 0.03% w/w) are rich in diterpenoids (51.9%), namely: α-pinene (5.9%), α-Cedrol (14.4%), Manool (5.6%), E-Totarol (34.7%), Ferrugenol (6.0%). Isolates were also tested against four bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli), and two yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans), using the Kirby Bauer disk-diffusion method. All bacteria were susceptible to the C. sempervirens volatiles isolates. Antioxidant activity of the isolate was evaluated by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method together with two antioxidant standards, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHA) and tert-butyl-4-hydroxy toluene (BHT). The results show antioxidant effect of all isolates less significant as BHA and BHT. Key words: Cupressus sempervirens, GC/SM, chemical composition, Antimicrobial activity, Antioxidant activity, using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH).
A molecular phylogeny and classification of the Cynodonteae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) with four new genera: Orthacanthus, Triplasiella, Tripogonella, and Zaqiqah; three new subtribes: Dactylocteniinae, Orininae, and Zaqiqahinae; and a subgeneric classification of Distichlis.

In the most recent classification of the grasses, the sub­ family Chloridoideae Kunth ex Beilschm. includes five tribes: Centropodieae P.M. Peterson & al., Triraphideae P.M. Peterson, Eragrostideae Stapf, Zoysieae Benth. , and the Cynodonteae Dumort. (Soreng & al., 2015, 2016; Peterson & al., in press). The Cynodonteae currently includes 839 species in 96 genera and 18 subtribes (Peterson & al., 2014a, 2015a, b, in press; Soreng & al., 2015), and it has received high support as a A molecular phylogeny and classification of the Cynodonteae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae) with four new genera: Orthacanthus, Triplasiella, Tripogonella, and Zaqiqah; three new subtribes: Dactylocteniinae, Orininae, and Zaqiqahinae; and a subgeneric classification of Distichlis
Channel Interference Analysis of Wideband WLAN Based IEEE802.11n for 3 rd Generation Digital Signage

In this paper, we have analyzed the effects of co-channel, adjacent-channel, and the human shield(Body Blockage) for wideband WLAN based on the IEEE802.11n 40MHz channel bandwidth required for high speed digital signage service. Simulation results show that wideband WLAN can be operated with 78 interferers over 63m distance in cochannel, 80 interferer over 61m distance in adjacent channel. By applying the mitigation method for reducing the interference, we have confirmed that protection distance is improved to 51m using beamforming, and 40m using cognitive radio in co-channel interference. Also body blockage interference is reduced using adaptive channel bandwidth, C/I ratio, beamforming, power control mitigation methodology 서울과학기술대학교 NID융합기술대학원 방송통신융합프로그램, 고호정 hojeong.ko@samsung.com 접수일자 : 2016년 02월 15일, 수정완료일자 : 2016년 03월 22일, 최종게재확정일자 : 2016년 03월 25일 I. 서 론 디지털 사이니지는 기능에 따라 1세대에서 3세대로 분류 되며, 단순 노출형 1세대 디지털 사이니지(One Way Digital Signage), 참여형 2세대 디지털 사이니지(Interactive Digital Signage)를 거쳐 현재 능동형 양방향 서비스를 제공하는 상 황인지형 3세대 디지털 사이니지 (Context-aware Digital Signage)로 진화 되고 있다[1]. 능동적 양방향 정보 서비스 로 발전 되고 있는 상황에서 인터랙션 기능이 요구되는 정보 를 유연하게 교환 할 수 있는 통신 기술이 필요하며, 지금 까 지 무선랜, 블루투스, 지그비등의 무선통신 기술이 검토 및 적용되고 있지만, 통신 과정에서 각 무선통신 모듈 간 또는 인접 동일 대역 시스템으로 부터의 간섭으로 인해 정보 오류 가 발생할 수 있다. 이를 위해 2.4 GHz ISM 대역의 전파 간 섭 연구가 진행되어 오기는 했으나, 채널 본딩(Channel Bonding)을 통해서 40MHz 채널 대역폭을 사용하여 대용량 고속 서비스를 제공하는 IEEE802.11n 표준 기반 광대역 무 선랜에 대한 전파 채널 간섭분석은 현재 없는 상황이다. IEEE 802.11n 기반의 광대역 무선랜은 사용자들의 속도 개 선을 위해서 기존 IEEE802.11n 표준에 40MHz 채널 대역폭 을 가진 물리 계층, MIMO, MAC 계층의 프레임 집적 기술 을 추가하여 데이터 전송률을 기존 54Mbps에서 600Mbps로 크게 향상 시켰다. 특히 채널 본딩을 통한 40MHz 채널 대역폭은 그림 1과 한국위성정보통신학회논문지 제11권 제1호 (K11-1-2) 3세대 디지털 사이니지를 위한 IEEE802.11n 광대역 무선랜에 대한 채널 간섭 분석 7 같이 기존 802.11 물리계층의 데이터 전송을 하는데 사용하 던 20MHz 채널 대역폭을 두배로 넓혀서, 하나의 20MHz 채 널 대역폭을 사용하는 것에 비해 물리 계층에서의 데이터 전 송률을 두배로 높일 수 있다. 이를 통해 무선랜의 전송 속도 가 급격히 증가 하여 고속의 콘텐츠 서비스를 제공 할 수 있 다[2][3]. 그림 1. 2.4GHz 대역 IEEE802.11n 무선랜 채널 본딩 하지만, 고속의 데이터 전송 과정에서 인접 채널로 부터 간섭을 받을 수 있으며, 이와 관련해서 본 논문에서는 새로 운 기술 응용 트렌드로 대두 되고 있는 인터랙티브한 디지털 사이니지 대용량 고속 서비스 제공을 위한 IEEE802.11n 표 준 기반 40MHz 채널 대역폭을 사용하는 광대역 무선랜에 대해서 동일채널, 인접채널, 인적차폐(Body Blockage)에 의 한 채널 간섭 영향을 분석 하고자 한다. 논문의 구성은 2장 전파 간섭 시나리오 모델에서는 채널 간섭 분석을 위한 거리 및 밀도 시나리오 모델을 설명하고, 3장 IEEE 802.11n 광대 역 무선랜 전파 간섭 분석에서는 모의실험을 통해 동일채널, 인접채널, 인적차폐에 대한 간섭 영향을 알아보고, 이를 완화 하기 위한 기법을 적용하여 간섭이 완화됨을 확인한다. 4장 에서는 본 논문의 결론을 내고 마친다.
Original Article Regulation of intracellular calcium in cortical neurons transgenic for human Aβ40 and Aβ42 following nutritive challenge

The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is not fully understood. Amyloid plaques could be causally linked to neuronal loss in AD. Two proteolytic products of the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP), Amyloid β40 (Aβ40) and Amyloid β42 (Aβ42), are considered to be critical in the neurodegeneration seen in AD. However, in transgenic mice that overexpress human Aβ40 or Aβ42, it was shown that Aβ42 was much more amyloidogenic than Aβ40. In contrast to this observation, we have found that cultured cortical neurons from mice transgenic for human Aβ40 and for Aβ42 are both and statistically equally vulnerable to nutritive challenge induced by trophic factor withdrawal (TFW). Aberrant regulation of InsP3R (Inositol triphosphate receptor)-mediated calcium release has been implicated in neuronal cell death. It is however not clear whether this pathway plays a critical role in cortical neurons transgenic for different species of human Aβ. We now report that Aβ40 and Aβ42 equally exacerbated intracellular calcium response to TFW in cortical neurons following TFW. When bradykinin (BK), a potent stimulant of InsP3R-mediated calcium release from ER, was applied to these cells, wild-type (WT) neurons exhibited a steep rise in (Ca2+)i but this was not observed in either Aβ transgenic type. Similarly, when 1 μM Xestopongin C (XeC), a specific blocker of InsP3R, was applied to these neurons, WT cells showed a significant attenuation of increase in (Ca2+)i following TFW, while elevation in (Ca2+)i induced by TFW remained largely unchanged in Aβ40 and Aβ42 cells. Finally, when we treated these cells with a Ca2+ chelator (BAPTA; 10 μM), all three cell types had a marked attenuation of (Ca2+)i. These findings indicate that the exacerbated calcium dysregulation following TFW in Aβ transgenic neurons are likely to be mediated by calcium channels other than ER InsP3R receptors. Overall, our results also suggest that a highly amyloidogenic Abeta species, such as Aβ42, might not necessarily be significantly more neurotoxic than a less or non-amyloidogenic Abeta species, such as Aβ40.
Distribution of Paraoxonase-1 enzyme Activity in some Camel's Tissues -

Paraoxonase-1 (PON1,aryldialkylphosphatase) is a calcium-dependent esterase enzyme synthesized in the liver and it is mainly associated with a high density lipoprotein (HDL). This study aimed to investigate the PON1 enzyme activities in male camel's serum& tissues and its distribution among camel tissues (liver, heart and kidney) in immature and mature camels. PON1 activity in serum (32 dromedary camels, 17one of them immature A¢â€°Â¤ 5 years; 15 one mature > 5years) were 115.89 A¯Â? Â½ 11.37 U/L and 114.43 A¯Â? Â½ 11.87 U/L, respectively. The results showed that PON1 was highly distributed in the liver then kidney and heart tissues in immature camels (2.74 A¯Â? Â½ 0.42, 1.66 A¯Â? Â½ 0.14, 0.017 A¯Â? Â½ 0.005 U/g) as well in mature camels (2.41 A¯Â? Â½ 0.29, 1.41 A¯Â? Â½ 0.12, 0.019 A¯Â? Â½ 0.005 U/g), respectively. Also, Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) were highly distributed in liver then kidney and heart tissues. Moreover, GPx activity in liver was higher with increased camel's age. PON1 is correlated positively with GPx & SOD and HDL-c but negatively correlated with MDA and total cholesterol. Furthermore, was found positive correlation between total cholesterol and LDL-c in serum and hepatic tissues.
Detection and characterization of low and high genome coverage regions using an efficient running median and a double threshold approach

Motivation Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) provides researchers with powerful tools to investigate both prokaryotic and eukaryotic genetics. An accurate assessment of reads mapped to a specific genome consists of inspecting the genome coverage as number of reads mapped to a specific genome location. Most current methods use the average of the genome coverage (sequencing depth) to summarize the overall coverage. This metric quickly assess the sequencing quality but ignores valuable biological information like the presence of repetitive regions or deleted genes. The detection of such information may be challenging due to a wide spectrum of heterogeneous coverage regions, a mixture of underlying models or the presence of a non-constant trend along the genome. Using robust statistics to systematically identify genomic regions with unusual coverage is needed to characterize these regions more precisely. Results We implemented an efficient running median algorithm to estimate the genome coverage trend. The distribution of the normalized genome coverage is then estimated using a Gaussian mixture model. A z-score statistics is then assigned to each base position and used to separate the central distribution from the regions of interest (ROI) (i.e., under and over-covered regions). Finally, a double threshold mechanism is used to cluster the genomic ROIs. HTML reports provide a summary with interactive visual representations of the genomic ROIs. Availability An implementation of the genome coverage characterization is available within the Sequana project. The standalone application is called sequana_coverage. The source code is available on GitHub (http://github.com/sequana/sequana), and documentation on ReadTheDocs (http://sequana.readtheodcs.org). An example of HTML report is provided on http://sequana.github. io. Contact dimitri.desvillechabrol@pasteur.fr, thomas.cokelaer@pasteur.fr
Vitamin D and Immune System

Vitamin D interaction with immune system is a well-established although it is a non-classical effect of Vitamin D. Several reports have documented the role of 1,25 hydroxycholecalciferol (OH)2D3 in mediating innate and adaptive immune systems. The 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) is the main circulating metabolite of Vitamin D and is the most reliable measurement of an individual’s Vitamin D status. It mediates its effect through autocrine or paracrine synthesis of 1, 25(OH)2D3. Therefore, the ability of Vitamin D to influence human immunity is possibly dependent on the vitamin D status of individuals. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed on various immune cells including B cells, T cells and antigen presenting cells. However, its highest concentration is in immature immune cells of the thymus and mature CD-8 T lymphocytes. These cells can synthesize active Vitamin D metabolite which can act in an autocrine way in a local milieu. As Vitamin D has immune-modulatory effects on both innate and adaptive immune responses, its deficiency or significant insufficiency can be associated with autoimmunity and infection. In autoimmune disease, the immune cells are responsive to ameliorative effects of vitamin D.
EFFECTS OF EGG YOLK ON PIGLET GROWTH PERFORMANCE, CIRCULATING IMMUNOGLOBULINS, BIOMARKERS OF INTESTINAL INTEGRITY, AND MICROBIAL COMMUNITY

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of egg yolk compared to spray-dried plasma on growth performance, circulating immunoglobulins, and biomarkers of intestinal integrity in nursery pigs. Crossbred pigs (n = 72) were weaned at 24 d (7 ± 0.54 kg) and divided into 3 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design (CRD), resulting in 6 pens per treatment with 4 pigs per pen (2 barrows, 2 gilts). The 3 dietary treatments were standard nursery diets supplemented with spray-dried plasma (2.36%), egg yolk (6%), and a control, which were fed in 2 phases (Phase I: d 0 to 7; Phase II: d 7 to 21). In the third Phase (Phase III: d 21 to 28), all pigs were fed the same diet. Pigs and feeders were weighed and blood samples were collected on d 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Growth performance (ADG, ADFI, G:F) was analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX of SAS. Circulating immunoglobulins (IgA and IgG) and biomarkers of intestinal integrity (CRP, GLP-2, Hp) were analyzed using repeated measures by time. For Phase I and II, growth performance was not affected by dietary treatment. Pigs consuming the egg yolk diet had greater (P < 0.05) ADG vs. the plasma group for Phase III. Circulating immunoglobulins were not affected by dietary treatment. The concentration of IgA increased from d 0 (0.17 ng/mL) to 28 (0.3 ng/mL; time; P < 0.01). The concentration of IgG did not respond (P > 0.10) over the course of the 28-d trial. CRP and Hp concentrations remained constant during the experiment. Treatment did effect GLP-2 concentration (P < 0.01) where egg yolk fed pigs had the greatest concentration (1.19 ng/mL) followed by plasma and control (0.72 and 0.51 ng/mL; respectively). Cost analysis of the diets showed that egg yolk ($2.30/lb) was the least costly diet during Phase II and the most costly during Phase I, while plasma ($2.16/lb)
Environmental Changes on Freshwater Fish Communities in South America in the Last Five Decades: a Case Study in Northeast Argentina.

Environmental changes together with other stressors, such as habitat destruction, may cause widespread extinctions, decrease in biodiversity and disrupt natural communities, resulting in novel species assemblages. South America has a large diversity of freshwater fishes with complex evolutionary histories, mainly due to the presence of a wide variety of aquatic environments. Argentina has experienced an increase in rainfall in the last five decades leading to important climatic and hydrological changes. These changes caused the displacement of the isohyets towards the west. This study reports changes in the composition of freshwater fishes in northeast Argentina during the last five decades, and investigated a causal relationship between the variation in fish assemblages and climate change. The changes in the distribution and composition of fish communities between 1962 and 2010 were analyzed in 22 stations. These stations were agrouped in relation to the ichthyogeographic provinces: Great Rivers province (GRp) and Pampean province (Pp). The correlation between rainfall in relation to the number total species from each of the studied provinces showed a significant positive correlation in Pp and not correlation in GRp. The annual mean river discharge and the number of total species from each ecoregion showed a significant positive correlation in GRp, and not correlation in Pp. The results of this study strongly suggest that the rainfall variations and river discharges observed in northeast Argentina induced changes in the composition of fish assemblages that lead to the redistribution of fish species among ichthyogeographic provinces.
Efficacy of purple non-sulfur bacterium Afifella marina strain ME to control dissolved inorganic nutrients in aquaculture system

Experiment was conducted to determine the possibility of using locally isolated purple non-sulfur bacterium Afifella marina strain ME to improve the dissolved inorganic nutrients (DIN) in Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus culture tank. The experiment was conducted for seven days without changing water. Ammonia (mg/L), nitrite (mg/L), nitrate (mg/L) and phosphate-phosphorus (mg/L) in the Tilapia culture tank were monitored. Sixteen tails of Oreochromis niloticus juveniles with mean weight of 0.7±0.05g were stocked in ten liter aquarium. Juveniles were fed with commercial feed twice daily by ad-libitum feeding method. Purple non-sulfur bacterium Afifella marina strain ME, and established probiotic commercial Bacillus with four inclusion levels, 0.005(g/L), 0.01(g/L), 0.02(g/L), and 0.03(g/L) were added everyday into culture tank. At the end of experiment no significant difference (P > 0.05) were observed among all the inclusion levels with the concentration of ammonia, nitrite, nitrate and phosphate. The lowest concentration of ammonia, nitrite, nitrate and phosphate were observed in both Afifella marina strain ME, and commercial Bacillus with the inclusion level of 0.03g/L. Obtained results were comparable with commercially established probiotics Bacillus sp. Locally isolated purple non-sulfur bacterium Afifella marina strain ME could be one of the potential candidate in controlling dissolved inorganic nutrients in aquaculture system.
Preparation and physiological activities of carboxymethylated derivative purified from corn bran

Two water-soluble polysaccharides extracted from corn bran were chemically modified to obtain their carboxymethylated derivatives (C-CBP1, C-CBP2). Theresults of degree of substitution and FT-IR analysis showed the carboxymethylation of polysaccharides were successful. The average molecular weight (Mw) of C-CBP1 and C-CBP2 were 368 and 263kDa, respectively. The degree of substitution (DS) of C-CBP1 and C-CBP2 were determined to be 0.44 and 0.46. The results showed that derivatives were effective in antioxidant and bile acidbinding activityin a dose dependent way. And C-CBP2 had the higher activity for hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion scavenging activities and bile acid capacity, as lower molecular weight plays a critical role in antioxidant activities and bile acid capacity. The results suggest that the carboxymethylated derivatives are potential natural antioxidant and blood fat reduce agent that can be used as drugs or functional food ingredients.
Why are invaders invasive? Development of tools to understand the success and impact of invasive species

Biological invasions are a major facet of anthropogenic global change, with severe negative environmental and socioecological impacts. Effective and efficient management of biological invasions requires a mechanistic understanding of the factors driving invasion success and impact. I investigate three factors likely to have broad relevance in explaining success and impact of alien invaders: resource use, behaviour and propagule pressure. Alien decapod and amphipod crustaceans may have different patterns of trophic resource use to native analogues. Through quantification of functional responses and food ‘choice’, I highlight an exceptionally large predatory impact of alien Eriocheir sinensis on invertebrate prey, relative to both native and alien crayfish. Through similar methods, I suggest the larger size of alien Dikerogammarus villosus relative to native Gammarus pulex could facilitate higher predatory impacts on fish eggs and larvae. I quantify personality traits (boldness, exploration, activity, sociability and voracity) of invasive and native decapod crustaceans in the laboratory. Invasive E. sinensis and Pacifastacus leniusculus were bolder than European Austropotamobius pallipes. Boldness may a common trait of successful, high-impact invaders. I provide the first evidence of personality (consistent within-individual behaviours) in these decapods, but find no evidence that it drives dispersal in signal crayfish. Comparisons of core and invasion-front populations of P. leniusculus suggest its spread is driven by density rather than behaviour. Using experimental invasions of ciliate protists into laboratory microcosms, I provide quantitative data to show how propagule pressure – the number of introduced organisms and introduction events – can increase invasion success (rate and population density) and invader impact. In general, resource use, behaviour and propagule pressure all have potential to predict the identity, impact and dynamics of successful invaders and thus inform management strategies. Having measured metabolism alongside these other factors, I propose that metabolic rate could provide another readily-measurable, general predictor of invasion success and impact.
Patterns and Mechanisms in Parasite Community Structure

iii DEDICATORY v AKNOWLEDGMENTS vi TABLE OF CONTENTS viii 1. Within-Host Parasite Interactions And The Importance Of Parasite Species Traits 1.1. Abstract 1 1.2. Introduction 2 1.3. Coinfection and parasite interactions 3 1.4. Detection of parasite interactions 7 1.5. Parasite traits 10 1.5. 1. Taxa 10 1.5. 2. Developmental stage and transmission mode 11 1.5. 3. Location within host 14 1.6. Discussion 15 1.7. Future Directions 18 1.8. Box 1 20 2. Ontogenetic Changes In Parasite Abundance Distribution, And Accumulation Of Species In Fish Hosts 2.1. Abstract 22 2.2. Introduction 23
Skull variability of mice and voles inhabiting the territory of a great cormorant colony

Abstract We investigated the influence of a colony of great cormorants on the skull morphometry of yellow-necked mice (Apodemus flavicollis) and bank voles (Myodes glareolus) of three age groups trapped in the territory of the colony in 2011- 2014. In general, most of the skull differences in both species were related to character length (skulls tended to become longer). In A. flavicollis, the skull size differences between zones were most expressed in subadult and adult individuals, while in M. glareolus they were most expressed in juveniles, with only a few characters different in adults and none in subadult voles. For both species, the largest skull characters were found mostly in the zone characterized by both the greatest number of cormorant nests and the longest and strongest influence by the colony. Concluding we confirm that the great cormorant colony has an influence on the skull morphometry of A. flavicollis and M. glareolus and we hypothesize that these differences enhance the ability of survival in specific conditions.