Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract of aerial parts of Coleus spicatus Benth

The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Coleus spicatus. Antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of C. spicatus was assessed by three different in-vitro model of measuring antioxidant profile; total antioxidant activity, ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay and estimation of total flavonoid. Significant total antioxidant activity was found in ethanolic extract of C. spicatus. The IC50 values of the ethanolic extract of C. spicatus and ascorbate were found to be 380 µg/ml and 410 µg/ml, respectively. The ethanolic extract of C. spicatus also showed significant result in FRAP assay method. High flavonoid content was found in ethanolic extract of C. spicatus. The high antioxidant capacity observed for ethanolic extract of C. spicatus suggests that this plant could be used as an additive in the food industry providing good protection against oxidative damage.
Potential of Bacillus sp., as a Producer of AHL Lactonase and its Application as a Probiotic for the Prevention of Mas in Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

Motile Aeromonad Septicaemia (MAS) disease in catfish (Clarias gariepinus) is caused by infection with Aeromonas hydrophila. One alternative way to control infection by this bacteria is applying probiotics, which inhibit quorum sensing, also known as Anti-Quorum Sensing (AQS), using Bacillus sp. administered by feeding. Bacillus sp. product AHL (Acyl Homoserine Lactone) Lactonase, which is speculated to be able to inhibit quorum sensing in pathogenic bacteria. In vivo test of probiotics was set up in triplicate and consisted of five treatments. Effect of AQS probiotic bacteria as feed supplement was set up in improving survival rate, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and non specific immune response of catfish (Clarias gariepinus). The result showed that the fish feed with AQS had a high percentage of survival rate. The AQS mix of treatment (TS1Rif, TS2Rif and TA23Rif) had the highest survival rate (93%). The AQS treatments were also had values of FCR and SGR better than that of control. However, the control treatments had survival rate only 31%. The AQS isolates could also improve a non specific immune response. Result indicated that AHLs degrading bacteria could be considered as better alternative to replace application of antibiotics in aquaculture as biocontrol of bacterial fish disease and in reducing the pathogenicity of A. hydrophila in catfish (Clarias gariepinus).
Exploring the neural basis of chemosensory behaviors in Caenorhabditis elegans: How context and experience shape sensory perception

ii Committee Page.iv Dedication.v List of Figures.vii Acknowledgements.ix Vita.xi Chapter 1: Introduction Investigating the neural basis of behavioral plasticity in Caenorhabditis elegans.2 Carbon dioxide: an ethologically complex sensory cue.4 Carbon dioxide-sensing across species.5 Carbon dioxide-sensing in Caenorhabditis elegans.7 Circuit mechanisms of attractive and aversive olfactory responses.8 Chapter 2: O2-sensing neurons control CO2 responses in C. elegans.13 Methods.14 References.20 Future work.22 Chapter 3: A single set of interneurons drives opposite behaviors in C. elegans.28 References.36 Methods.38 Supplemental Information.44 Chapter 4: Conclusions and future work.50 References.72
Hat die Fehlallokation von Produktionsfaktoren zur Produktivitätsschwäche in Deutschland beigetragen?

Abstract Productivity growth in many advanced economies has decelerated in the last decades. There is increasing evidence that the misallocation of production function has contributed to the weakness in productivity. Factors behind this misallocation could include low interest rates or credit booms. In this paper, I evaluate the most recent findings on the impact of misallocation of production factors on productivity and assess their role for the weakness in productivity growth in Germany. Overall, the misallocation of production factors seem to have been less important in Germany than in other advanced economies. Behind the backdrop of the low interest environment has been in place for an extended period of time, the risks that productivity growth is damped due to the misallocation of production factors is increasing.
THE FORMATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN EVOLVED CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVIRONMENTS

The formation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the circumstellar outﬂows of evolved stars is reviewed, with an emphasis on carbon stars on the Asymptotic Giant Branch. Evidence for PAHs present in their winds is provided by meteoritic studies and recent observations of the Unidentiﬁed Infrared bands. We detail the chemical processes leading to the closure of the ﬁrst aromatic ring as well as the growth mechanisms leading to amorphous carbon grains. Existing studies on PAH formation in evolved stellar envelopes are reviewed and new results for the modelling of the inner wind of the archetype carbon star IRC+10216 are presented. Benzene, C 6 H 6 , forms close to the star, as well as water, H 2 O, as a result of non-equilibrium chemistry induced by the periodic passage of shocks. The growth process of aromatic rings may thus resemble that active in sooting ﬂames due to the presence of radicals like hydroxyl, OH. Finally, we discuss possible formation processes for PAHs and aromatic compounds in the hydrogen-rich R CrB star, V854 Cen, and their implication for the carriers of the Red Emission and the Diﬀuse Interstellar Bands.
Pragmatics of Ostensible Invitations in Iraqi Arabic: Function Analysis

This paper deals with the pragmatic functions of ostensible invitations as used by Iraqi Arabic speakers. Iraqi society is known of the traditions in which pragmatic language is highly considered that Iraqi Arabic speakers use speech acts in order to pay compliments among each other. The issuance of various ostensible speech acts is to convey other purposes than those conveyed by the genuine ones. It is believed that it is vital to dig deep in the functions of the speech act of invitation as this speech act is mostly used by the Iraqi Arabic speakers in an ostensible manner. So, depending on a test formulated and administered to Iraqi Arabic speakers represented by college students, data have been collected and analyzed to show the strategies and functions used peculiarly by Iraqi Arabic speakers in addition to those stipulated by Clark and Isaac whose model is adapted in the analysis. In terms of the strategies used in addition to the seven ones mentioned in the model, new ones emerged and are believed to be peculiar to the Iraqi Arabic speakers, for they are strongly related to the social norms of the Iraqi society. On the level of pragmatic functions, Iraqi Arabic speakers tend to use ostensible speech act of invitation for various purposes; chief among them are compliment, polite strategy, mitigation devices and others.
Fish and Ships in the Baltic Sea - Prices, Demand and Management

The essay discusses different aspects of the market for fish from the Baltic Sea. The first chapter introduces the subject and discusses why the market for fish is interesting and in particular why analyses of first-hand market prices can give insights into the effects of new regulations or natural variations changing the conditions for fisheries. Prices of different attributes of Baltic cod is the topic of the second chapter. The results show that larger and better quality cod have higher kilo prices than smaller and average quality cod and that price differences have increased over time. It is also shown that the quantity landed of cod with different attributes affect the the price premiums of attributes. The results could be used when evaluating changes in the composition of landed cod. The third chapter is about the effects on bargaining power of fishers when quartely quotas were replaced by yearly quotas in the Swedish Baltic cod fishery in 2011. The results show that prices have increased after the reform, which is explained with an increased bargaining power of fishers compared to buyers. Finally, the fourth chapter discusses the small-scale herring fishery in the western Baltic sea that is exempted from a system of Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQ). The main conclusion is that it is important to build other institutions dealing with the fundmental problem of access to quota when a fishery is left out of a ITQ-system. (Less)
Using MODIS estimates of fractional snow cover extent to improve streamflow forecasts in Interior Alaska

1International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99775 U.S.A. 5 2Water and Environmental Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99775 U.S.A. 3Current affiliation, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Los Alamos National Lab, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, U.S.A 4Alaska Pacific River Forecast Center, Anchorage, Alaska, 99502 U.S.A. 5AMEC Environment and Infrastructure, Boulder, Colorado, 80302 U.S.A. 10
Implications of Alternative Banking Systems

A signicant number of individuals are unwilling to deposit their savings into the banking sector since it does not operate according to their religious beliefs. In this paper we provide a model that aims to answer the following questions: First, under what conditions an alternative banking system would arise? Second, what are the growth, and welfare implications of these banking systems? Our model shows that an alternative banking system would arise if individuals have religious concerns. Moreover, we show that in an economy populated with a certain number of religiously concerned individuals, the existence of an alternative baking system can generate relatively higher growth and improve welfare.
Cusum of squares test for discretely observed sample

Abstract In this paper, we consider the change point problem in di usion processes basedon discretely observed sample. Particularly, we consider the change point test for thedispersion parameter when the drift has unknown parameters. In performing a test, weemploy the cusum of squares test based on the residuals. It is shown that the test hasa limiting distribution of the sup of a Brownian bridge. A simulation result as to theOrnstein-Uhlenbeck process is provided for illustration. It demonstrates the validity ofour test.Keywords: Di usion process, discretely observed sample, residual based cusum test. 1. Introduction The di usion process has long been popular in analyzing random phenomena occurring invarious elds such as nance, engineering, physical and medical sciences. As a representativetext, we can refer to Karatzas and Shreve (1991) and Shiryayev (1999). Since the applicationof di usion processes to real world is various, much attraction has been drawn to statisticalinference for di usion processes and many sophisticated methods have been established byresearchers and practitioners. For a general review, we refer to Prakasa Rao (1999) andKutoyants (2004). According to past experience, time series models are not well tted to nancial time series in many occasions due to structural changes governed by the change of nancial policies and critical events. This phenomenon is observed in most nancial timeseries data with high volatility. See, for instance, Lee et al. (2004), who empirically veri edby using the cusum test that most stock prices of Nikei 225 su er from serious parameter
Ulysses observations of solar energetic particles from the 14 July 2000 event at high heliographic latitudes

[1] At the time of the solar flare on the Bastille Day of 2000, the Ulysses spacecraft was at 3.17 AU from the Sun, 62° south in heliographic latitude, and 116° in longitude east of the Earth. Solar wind and magnetic field measurements by Ulysses indicate that the coronal mass ejection (CME) of this event had a limited size in both latitude and longitude, although it was a halo CME as seen in the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory coronagraph images. The event produced large fluxes of energetic particles up to energies >100 MeV at both Ulysses and the Earth. Enhancements of energetic particles were immediately observed at the Earth, with their onset times consistent with the velocity dispersion due to the streaming of particles along magnetic field lines from the location of particle acceleration in the corona to the Earth. To the contrary, at Ulysses, the energetic particles from the solar event were not detected until 4–11 hours later, and the increases of particle intensity were much more gradual. The onset times of particles in different energy channels were not organized by particle speed; rather they depended on both particle rigidity and speed, indicating that the transport of particles to Ulysses at high latitudes had a diffusive nature. The first-order anisotropy in the 40–90 MeV proton flux was significantly larger than what is expected from the Compton-Getting effect for many hours after the onset. The direction of the first-order anisotropy was not along the projection of local magnetic fields onto the scan plane of the detector and it was not affected by the polarity of the field either, indicating that the particles did not arrive at Ulysses through propagation along magnetic field lines and rather much of the anisotropy was produced by cross-field diffusion in the presence of a cross-field density gradient pointing toward the low latitude direction. All these observations are consistent with easy particles transport across the mean heliospheric magnetic fields. The apparent difficulty for the theory is that the observations require a cross-field diffusion that is too fast to be explained by random walk of field lines due only to supergranulation.
Single Minute Exchange of Die. A Case Study Implementation

The Single Minute Exchange of Die (SMED), a process-based innovation originally published in the mid 1980s, involves the separation and conversion of internal setup operations into external ones. Although very important in increasing productivity SMED experiences are not very widespread in Ibero-America. Accordingly, this article has as its main objective to contribute to the literature addressing this less studied topic: SMED. A case study was put forward emphasizing a process-based view. The main finding is that by implementing SMED techniques the firm managed to eliminate wastefulness and non-added value activities worth around 360 000€, which is about 2% of the firm’s sales volume.
Extended imaging conditions for passive seismic data

Seismic monitoring at injection sites (e.g., CO2 sequestration, hydraulic fracturing) has become an increasingly common tool amongst oil and gas producers. The information obtained from these data is often limited to seismic event properties (e.g., location, initiation time, moment tensor), the accuracy of which greatly depends on the assumed or estimated elastic velocity models. However, estimating accurate 3D velocity models from passive array data remains a challenging problem. Extended imaging conditions (eICs) for passive wave-equation imaging algorithms represent a key step towards generating - and verifying - elastic velocity models. By extending imaging conditions away from zero-lag in time and space we can better evaluate the focusing of a given event based on the principle that waves focus at zero lag only when the velocity models are “correct”. We demonstrate that given an elastic medium and multi-component recordings, we can propagate and correlate microseismic P- and S-wavefield modes to compute eICs for P- and S- velocity perturbations. We observe that the maximum correlation deviates from the zero-lag in time and space for a P/S cross-correlation imaging condition when using an incorrect P- and/or S-wave velocity, and thus there is sensitivity to velocity error not observable when using individual wavefield components.
Influence of stunning methods on the welfare of glycerine-fed lambs

The effects of electrical and non-penetrating bolt pistol stunning methods were evaluated. Forty uncastrated, mixed-breed (½ Santa Ines x ½ Dorper) males were used. The welfare of lambs was not affected (P> 0.05) by the inclusion of glycerin in the diet. The color of the meat (24 hours after slaughter) of lambs stunned with a non-penetrating bolt pistol was lighter (P> 0.05). The shear force, water-holding capacity, lipid oxidation and sarcomere length were not influenced by diet and stunning methods and exhibited average values of 1.59 kgf/cm 2 , 59.65%, 0.62 mg/kg and 2.26 μ, respectively. The animals stunned by electrical stimulation had a higher concentration of total leukocytes (7.22 x 10 3 /
Patterns in sexual reproduction of the dominant scleractinian corals at Rapa Nui (Easter Island): Pocillopora verrucosa and Porites lobata

Sexual reproduction is fundamental to the maintenance and recovery of coraldominated communities in high-latitude and isolated locations, where replenishment often depends on local reproductive activity rather than recruitment from distant reefs. Rapa Nui (Easter Island) is one of the most remote islands in the Pacific, lying at the southern, subtropical edge of the range of reef-building scleractinians. Here, we describe the sexual reproduction and timing of the 2 dominant corals, Pocillopora verrucosa and Porites lobata. Reproductive activity was inferred from the identification and staging of gametes via histological analyses of monthly samples collected from December 2012 to May 2014 at 12 m depth at Motu Tautara (27° 6.6’ S, 109° 25.5’W) with in situ temperature records. In P. verrucosa, the observed hermaphroditic activity spanned from December to January, resulting in mature oocytes of 117 μm mean diameter. In P. lobata, observed gonochoric activity spanned from December to March, resulting in mature oocytes of 180 μm mean diameter. The observed initiation of gametogenic cycles coincided with the onset of spring warming in both species. Inferred spawning of P. verrucosa followed a relatively calm period of daily variance reduction in local in situ temperature and wind speed prior to the peak in thermal conditions, whereas inferred spawning of P. lobata coincided with peak temperatures in one year but not the other. We suggest temporal restrictions of disruptive coastal activities such as dredging during coral spawning periods and mitigation of land-based sources of pollution and watershed discharge that may reduce water quality.
Are government interventions effective in regulating China fs house prices

This study investigates whether government interventions are effective in regulating China fs house prices. To do so, we also consider other control variables such as real land price, per capita real disposable income, and newly started floor spaces. Using panel data of 30 provinces and cities for the period 2002:Q2 to 2012:Q4, we provide empirical evidence by applying both static and dynamic models to examine the effectiveness of China fs government interventions on house prices. The main empirical results show that after enacting interventional policies, the growth rate of house prices decreased, indicating that government interventions are effective. In addition, a greater supply of land and houses also help to regulate house prices.
Association of GSTP 1 gene polymorphisms with performance traits in Deoni cattle

Heat stress directly and indirectly stimulate excessive intra/inter cellular toxicants such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutathione S-transferase Pi (GSTP1) plays the central role in the detoxification of ROS. In this investigation, we studied the genetic variation in GSTP1 gene using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) technique in 70 Deoni breed cows. All the seven exons of GSTP1 gene were amplified by PCR using a total of six sets of primers. The genetic variants were determined by PCR-SSCP technique. Two unique SSCP patterns were observed in fragment 1, 3, 5 and 6 of GSTP1 gene. Sequence analysis with reference to GenBank Acc. no AC_000186. 1 revealed polymorphisms at position 210, 746, 2438, 2439, 2443, 2507, 2695 and insertions between positions 707 and 708, 2700-2701 and 2775-2776. All the observed variations in coding regions were silent mutations. The cows with SSCP pattern B of fragment-5 had higher age at first calving while the cows with pattern A had higher lactation length and lactation yield as compared to pattern B (P≤0.05). The animals with pattern A of fragment 6 in GSTP1 gene had higher lactation length and lactation yield as compared to animals with pattern B. There was no significant difference in enzyme activity and calving interval in cows with different patterns in different SSCP fragments.
Arrangements, multiderivations, and adjoint quotient map of type ADE

The first part of this paper is a survey on algebro-geometric aspects of sheaves of logarithmic vector fields of hyperplane arrangements. In the second part we prove that the relative de Rham cohomology (of degree two) of ADE-type adjoint quotient map is naturally isomorphic to the module of certain multiderivations. The isomorphism is obtained by the Gauss-Manin derivative of the Kostant-Kirillov form.
Toward the estimation of the refractive index gradient from clear air wind profiler echoes

Wind profilers have been primarily designed to provide measurement of the wind; they also contain information about temperature and humidity vertical distribution (Furumoto et al. 2003). The information is derived from the first three moments of the measured Doppler spectra (Gossard 1982, 1998). Several works showed that wind profiler data in the boundary layer, combined with passive instrument like microwave radiometer, can be used to evaluate humidity profile (Bianco et al. 2005), or humidity gradient profile (Stankov et al. 2003). This paper describes some investigations done on wind profiler data quality in order to know if they can be used to detect and quantify change in the refractive index. Section 2 describes the site and instrumentation used in this study. Section 3 looks at the consistency of the signal between beams. Section 4 compares the signal to noise ratio with the refractive index gradient. Finally, section 5 summarises the results.
The relationship between sex ratios and marriage rates in South Africa

We investigate the relationship between alternative definitions of sex ratios and marriage outcomes among African and white women in South Africa. In contrast to marriages among whites, African marriages in South Africa traditionally have involved the payment of bridewealth (or ilobolo) by a husband to the prospective wife's family. Using matched data from the 2001 Population Census and the South African Labour Force Surveys, we find that among Africans, both the quantity and quality of unmarried men relative to women in local marriage markets are significant predictors of marriage. However, economic-based measures of marriageability have a larger effect on marriage outcomes than simple sex ratios. These findings are consistent with the argument that bridewealth payments act as a financial constraint to marriage among African couples, raising the marriageability criteria of men. In contrast, we find mostly insignificant results for the relationship between sex ratios and marriage outcomes among white women.