Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Yedinci Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Bilimsel Okuryazarlık Düzeyi ile Bazı Bilişsel Değişkenler Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

The aim of this study was to model the possible relationships between the seventh-grade students’ scientific literacy and their logical thinking abilities, cognitive styles (field-dependent/field-independent), functional mental capacities and mental rotation abilities. To that end, a theoretical model, which is believed to explain the relationship between the specified variables, was proposed and then tested by using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) techniques. The sample of the study consisted of 823 seventh-grade students who were sampled by using the stratified random sampling method from the central districts of Ankara. The analysis of the data collected in the study supported the proposed theoretical model in the study. Based on the model, the logical thinking ability of the seventh-grade students was the only variable that directly affected the scientific literacy of the students. Field-dependent/field-independent cognitive styles affected the scientific literacy both directly and through all other cognitive variables indirectly. The functional mental capacity affected the scientific literacy both directly and through the mental rotation ability and the logical thinking ability indirectly. Mental rotation abilities affected scientific literacy both directly and through the logical thinking ability indirectly. Finally, the findings obtained from the study were compared with the research studies in the relevant field, and recommendations were presented for the researchers and practitioners of science education.
Evaluation of the electrical properties of a lead (II) iodide based-dosimeter based on mechanical flexibility for surface dose measurements in radiotherapy

In radiotherapy, point doses via surface dose measurement are confirmed using a dosimeter attached to the patient's skin. This results in an error margin of about 11.8% or higher because the attachment site is visually confirmed. Thus, a digital flexible array dosimeter that can analyse body surface area is needed. Here, a lead (II) iodide (PbI2)-based unit cell flexible dosimeter was developed, and its electrical properties were evaluated based on its mechanical flexibility by assessing its reproducibility and linearity for bending. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for measurement by the sensor over 10,000 cycles was 1.74% and 2.21% at 6 MV and 15 MV, respectively, which is higher than RSD's evaluation criterion (<1.5%). Although the linearity of measurement by the sensor over 10,000 cycles met the evaluation criteria of a coefficient of determination R2>0.9990, the sensitivity at 15 MV was lower than that at 6 MV. The results of this study confirm the applicability and usefulness of the PbI2-based flexible dosimeter in radiation measurements.
Mechanistic Analysis of Conformational Dynamics of the Molecular Chaperone Hsp90

Hsp90 belongs to the primary protection system to maintain protein integrity in eukaryotic cells. Two isoforms of Hsp90 occur in yeast as well as in mammalian cells, a constitutively expressed form and a heat inducible one. This work systematically explored the in vitro and in vivo properties of the yeast Hsp90 isoforms and revealed that they differ although they share high sequence identity. To monitor conformational changes in human Hsp90 a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) system was developed, by comparing three different approaches for site-specific labeling.
Centrally Active Multitarget Anti-Alzheimer Agents Derived from the Antioxidant Lead CR-6.

Oxidative stress is a major pathogenic factor in Alzheimer's disease, but it should not be tackled alone but together with other key targets to derive effective treatments. Combination of the scaffold of the polar antioxidant lead CR-6 (7-methoxy-2,2-dimethylchroman-6-ol) with that of the lipophilic cholinesterase inhibitor 6-chlorotacrine results in compounds with favorable brain permeability and multiple activities in vitro (acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, BACE-1, and Aβ42 and tau aggregation inhibition). In in vivo studies in wild-type and APP/PS1 mice, two selected compounds were well tolerated and led to positive trends, albeit statistically non-significant in some cases, on memory performance, amyloid pathology (reduced amyloid burden and potentiated non-amyloidogenic APP processing), and oxidative stress (reduced cortical oxidized proteins and increased antioxidant enzymes SOD2, catalase, GPX1, and Hmox1, and transcription factor Nrf2). These compounds emerge as interesting brain permeable multitarget compounds, with a potential as anti-Alzheimer agents beyond that of the original lead CR-6.
Development of nineteen Taqman real-time PCR assays for screening and detection of select highly pathogenic bacteria

ABSTRACT Background: Here, we describe a set of six Taqman real-time PCR assays for screening of highly pathogenic bacteria, i.e. Bacillus, Brucella, Burkholderia, Coxiella, Francisella, and Yersinia species. Twelve specific assays are subsequently performed to identify the species that are classified as highly pathogenic and a general 16S Taqman real-time PCR assay is included to see if the sample contains bacteria. Methods: These assays were designed using all available genomes in the public database of bioterror agents. They were validated with a collection of reference strains, clinical isolates and one environmental sample. Results: These assays were tested against all the ring trials we participate among them the ones which were coordinated by Robert Koch Institute from a repository built up in the framework of the EU funded project ‘Efficient response to highly dangerous and emerging pathogens’ (EMERGE). All bacteria were accurately identified in food, clinical and environmental matrices. Conclusions: These assays are used routinely in our diagnostic laboratory to rapidly screen for and specifically detect select highly pathogenic bacteria of potential bioterrorism use. The platform can be used as an open array format in 96-well plates to screen for a single species or up to 6 agents in one run. Abbreviations: ATCC; American Type Culture Collection, B; Brucella; BLAST: Basic local alignment search tool; BSL; Biosafety level; Cq: Quantification cycle; DNA; Deoxyribonucleic acid, FAM; 6-carboxyfluorescein, FOHM; the Public Health Agency of Sweden, IAC; internal amplification control, LOD: Limit of detection, MGB; Minor groove binder, NCBI; National Center for Biotechnology Information, NFA; National Food Agency, PCR; polymerase chain reaction; PhHV-1; Phocine Herpesvirus 1, SVA; National Veterinary Institute, Tm: Melting Temperature.
An Experimental Investigation on Flame Stability and Lean Extinction Limit in Tubular Flame Burners Operating on Jet Fuel

ABSTRACT To solve problems of the low burn-off rate and the flame instability in a conventional rapidly mixed tubular flame (RMTF) burner and problems of the flashback and the narrow extinction limits in a premixed tubular flame burner, a new fuel/air mixing mode with multi-staged inlets was proposed and applied to a tubular flame burner, called the multi-staged tubular flame (MSTF) burner. To understand the mechanism of the fuel/air mixing mode of MSTF burner and their effects on the combustion, a series of experiments and simulations were carried out in comparison with the RMTF burner, operating on RP-3 jet fuel in this work. High-speed photography was applied to examine the flame characteristics of the two burners based on the flame irradiance intensity and flame morphology analysis combined with statistic methods. The results show that the tubular flames can be established stably without flash-back for both two burners in a wide range of equivalence ratios. The lean extinction limits can be extended to a global equivalence ratio as low as Фg = 0.26 for MSTF burner, while Фg = 0.40 for RMTF burner. Planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) measurements and 3D CFD simulations were also conducted to see the difference in fuel/air distributions for the two mixing modes of MSTF and RMTF burners at cold conditions. One of the findings is that the MSTF burner has better flame stability and wider extinction limits than the RMTF burner. The physics is that there stably forms a fuel-rich zone in the upstream of the inlet section which increase the resident time of rich fuel/air mixtures. The reveal of this mechanism for the multi-staged mixing mode is important as it has swept the main hurdles for the burner to find more applications to the industries.
ICD-11/DSM-5: Entwicklungen und Änderungen bei Alkohol- und Substanzbezogenen Störungen

Zusammenfassung Die derzeitig gültigen ICD-10 Kriterien für alkohol- und substanzbezogene Abhängigkeit und schädlichen Gebrauch sind seit 1994 gültig. Ziel dieses Reviews ist es, die psychometrischen Eigenschaften Reliabilität der ICD-10 Diagnosen sowie einzelner Diagnosekriterien zu zeigen und ihre Konvergenz mit DSM-IV Diagnosen abzugleichen. Darüber hinaus werden die Hintergründe für die Entwicklung von ICD-11 und DSM-5 präsentiert und die Konvergenz zwischen diesen Diagnosesystemen (DSM-IV/5 mit ICD-10/11) berichtet. Die Vor- und Nachteile der Entwicklung von ICD- und DSM-Konzepten und deren Konvergenz werden kritisch diskutiert.
Manajemen Kecepatan dan Jarak Aman Antar Kendaraan Berdasarkan Perbedaan Kecepatan Kendaraan yang Berjalan Beriringan

Pilihan kecepatan yang tidak sesuai sudah terbukti menjadi faktor utama penyebab kecelakaan lalu lintas, terutama pada segmen jalan berisiko seperti simpang tak bersinyal, jalan menurun dan lainnya. Sejumlah penelitian terdahulu telah melaporkan bahwa peluang kecelakaan pengendara sepeda motor di persimpangan prioritas dipengaruhi oleh tidak saja pilihan kecepatan saat memasuki area persimpangan dan kemampuan pengereman pengendara arus mayor namun juga pilihan celah penyeberangan kritis pengedara jalan minor. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menentukan peluang kecelakaan tipe tabrak belakang kendaraan yang berjalan beriringan di jalan mayor akibat pilihan celah penyeberangan kritis pengendara jalan minor. Untuk itu survei kecepatan dan jarak antar kendaraan serta celah penyeberangan kritis dilakukan dengan menggunakan kamera video. Selanjutnya, peluang kecelakaan tipe tabrak belakang disimulasikan berdasarkan perbedaan kemampuan pengereman pengendara sepeda motor yang diperoleh dari hasil penelitian terkait terdahulu. Diketahui bahwa hampir tidak terdapat perbedaan kecepatan antara kendaraan yang berjalan beriringan sehingga dari hasil simulasi terindikasi kuat bahwa peluang tabrak belakang sangat ditentukan oleh perbedaan kemampuan pengereman pengendara. Hal itu berarti bahwa diperlukan upaya terstruktur dan sistematis untuk memperbaiki kemampuan pengereman pengemudi dan perilaku berkeselamatan di jalan. Kata kunci: batas kecepatan, kemampuan pengereman, tabrak belakang
The complete mitochondrial genome of the Golden Birdwing butterfly Troides aeacus: insights into phylogeny and divergence times of the superfamily Papilionoidea

Background The Lepidoptera is one of the largest insect orders. Previous studies on the evolution of Lepidoptera did not confidently place butterflies, and many relationships among superfamilies in the megadiverse clade Ditrysia remain largely uncertain. Here, we generated a molecular dataset with 78 species of lepidopterian insects, including a new complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequences of the Golden Birdwing Butterfly, Troides aeacus, which was listed in appendix II of CITES. Methods Based on the concatenated nucleotide sequences of 13 protein-coding genes, we constructed phylogenetic trees with Bayesian Inference (BI) and Maximum Likelihood (ML) methods, and calculated the divergence times of Lepidoptera. Results Monophyly of the Papilionoidea including skippers (Hesperiidae) is strongly supported by a high bootstrap value. Butterflies were placed sister to the remaining obtectomeran Lepidoptera, and the latter was grouped with high bootstrap supports. Additionally, Papilionidae probably diverged from the group (Hesperiidae + (Nymphalidae + Pieridae)) at 102.65 Mya, the Early Cretaceous. T. aeacus and the Golden kaiserihind Teinopalpus aureus diverged in the Cretaceous of 85.32 Mya. The age of Papilionoidea indicates that the primary break up of Gondwana may have an effect on the current distributions of butterflies.
Use and social value in peer-to-peer prosumption communities

• Users may freely distribute the URL that is used to identify this publication. • Users may download and/or print one copy of the publication from the University of Birmingham research portal for the purpose of private study or non-commercial research. • User may use extracts from the document in line with the concept of ‘fair dealing’ under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (? ) • Users may not further distribute the material nor use it for the purposes of commercial gain.
Targeting CD146 using folic acid-conjugated nanoparticles and suppression of tumor growth in a mouse glioma model.

OBJECTIVE Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are responsible for tumor initiation, therapeutic resistance, and recurrence. CD146 is mainly expressed in dividing GSCs and regulates cell cycle progression. However, the evaluation of the efficacy of targeted therapy against CD146 in vivo remains to be investigated. In this study, the authors aimed to develop gene therapy targeting GSCs using chitosan oligosaccharide lactate (COL) nanoparticles (NPs) conjugated with folic acid-polyethylene glycol (FA-PEG-COL NPs) for in vitro and in vivo delivery of CD146 small-interfering RNA (siCD146) and to determine the effect of CD146 knockdown on tumor growth. METHODS To examine the uptake of NPs by tumor cells, immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry, and in vivo imaging were performed. The knockdown effect of siCD146 was measured by western blot and water-soluble tetrazolium salt-8 assay in mouse glioma cells. The efficacy of siRNA therapy-targeted GSCs was evaluated by monitoring tumor growth through in vivo imaging and histological analysis. RESULTS In vivo accumulation of the FA-PEG-COL NPs in subcutaneous and intracranial gliomas following NP administration via a mouse tail vein was observed. Additionally, in vitro delivery of siCD146 ionically cross-linked NPs, reduced CD146 levels, and suppressed growth in the glioma tumor sphere. Evaluation of the in vivo therapeutic effects of siCD146-cross-linked NPs in a mouse glioma model revealed significant suppression of intracranial tumor growth, with complete removal of the tumor observed in some mice on histological examination. Furthermore, delivery of siCD146 significantly reduced the Ki-67 index in residual tumor tissues relative to that in control mice. CONCLUSIONS CD146 is a potential therapeutic target, and folic acid-conjugated NPs delivering siRNA may facilitate gene therapy in malignant gliomas.
Two Types of ENSO Varying in Tandem Facilitated by Nonlinear Atmospheric Convection

The El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has two distinct regimes, one in the eastern Pacific (EP) featuring strong El Niño and the other in the central Pacific (CP) characterized by strong La Niña. Establishment of atmospheric convection in the climatologically cold and dry EP region provides a major source of the nonlinearity, but its role in the relationship between CP‐ and EP‐ENSO variability and their long‐term change remain unclear. By constructing a nonlinear two‐box recharge‐oscillator model, here we show that nonlinear atmospheric convection operates to boost strong EP El Niño, strong CP La Niña, and evolution in tandem of variability and skewness of CP‐ and EP‐ENSO. Further, the observed coherent long‐term increase in frequency of strong EP El Niño, strong CP La Niña, and variability of the two‐type ENSO over the past decades is facilitated by a corresponding increase in the nonlinear atmospheric convection.
Generalización de Palabras en Infantes Hispanohablantes: El Sesgo hacia la Forma

En diversas investigaciones se ha observado que los infantes muestran un sesgo hacia la forma al generalizar palabras a nuevos objetos de una categoría. Sin embargo, en estudios con infantes aprendices del idioma español no se ha observado una preferencia en tareas en las que se contrastan objetos similares en la forma, la textura y el color. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue comparar la habilidad de dos grupos de infantes hispanohablantes de 24 meses de edad para formar nuevas categorías a partir de la forma y color como características definitorias. Se empleó el Paradigma intermodal de Atención Preferencial. Los resultados mostraron que los infantes formaron categorías a partir de la forma, pero no del color. Aunque en estudios anteriores no se ha observado un sesgo, si se induce la formación de categorías, los infantes de lengua hispana muestran una preferencia por la forma como característica definitoria cuando se contrasta con el color, se discute en torno a la relación entre esta habilidad y el sesgo hacia la forma observado en otros estudios.
Women’s Representation in Politics: Case Study of Women Legislative Member in Regional of Representatives Nusa Tenggara Timur Period of 2014-2019

This article explores women’s representation in politics in the Province of East Nusa Tenggara (Nusa Tenggara Timur/NTT) between 2014 and 2019. Since 2004, Indonesia has seen the implementation of a strategy to boost the level of female representation in parliament through affirmative action. However, the 30% target quote has not yet been achieved. Women’s representation in politics is an important indicator in the political system reflecting a recognition of the existence and interests of women as citizens. The success of the initiative is highlighted by the fact that the 2014 legislative elections saw female representation in the Regional House of Representatives (DPRD NTT) increase by 100% from the 2009 election representation levels. Using the case study method and analyzing the process, this article argues that NTT women already have the awareness to actively participate in politics and become party representatives and legislative members. The presence of women in parliament is necessary to achieve gender equality and improve women’s welfare through gender-responsive policies. Keywords: representation, politics, women, east nusa tenggara
Determination of Yield and Some Fruit Quality Characteristics of the Festival and Camarosa Strawberry Cultivars Grown in Aydın/Sultanhisar Conditions

The aim of this study was to determine the yield and various quality characteristics of two different strawberry cultivars (Fragaria x ananassa var. Festival and Camarosa), grown in the ecological conditions of Sultanhisar, Aydin, Turkey. The study was conducted over two years, in ten randomly selected open grown plantations for each of the two cultivars. When the fruits reached harvest maturity, they were harvested and their yield values, mean fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit length, fruit firmness, colour, pH, titrable acidity, water-soluble dry matter, vitamin C content, total antioxidant capacity and total phenolics were determined. According to the results obtained, yield values fell in the second year of the study, but mean fruit weight, diameter and length increased. Similarly, the fruit firmness of both varieties was considerably greater in the second year, and these differences between the years were found to be statistically significant. While the highest antioxidant capacity and phenolic content were obtained from the Festival cultivar, the highest vitamin C content was found in the Camarosa cultivar. The changes of total antioxidant capacity and the amount of total phenolics according to years of both varieties were found to be statistically significant.
The cognitive and neural mechanisms of statistical learning and its relationship with language

: Statistical learning (SL), which was first addressed in the seminal study on speech segmentation of infants by Saffran et al. (1996), is a process of detecting the statistical regularities such as transitional probability in continuous flow of stimuli. Previous studies have proven the general existence of SL, and in recent years close attention has been placed on its specificity and its impact on other cognitive activities, especially revealing the cognitive neural mechanisms of SL and its interaction with language by exploring the process and the specificity of SL. According
The Effect of Using Flipped Classroom Model to Improve Iraqi EFL Learners’ Pronunciation in English at University Level

تتطلب دراسة مادة النطق في اللغة الانجليزية جهدا وعمل اضافي للطلبة العراقيين ، اذا ما تم تدريسها بالطريقة التقليدية في التعلم. وبالتالي ، من الضروري استخدام طرق تدريس حديثة مثل نموذج الفصل الدراسي المعكوس (FCM) لتسهيل التعلم وتحسين الأداء. ومن ثم ، فإن هذه الدراسة بحثت أثر استخدام ال( FCM) في تعليم نطق اللغة الإنجليزية للطلبة العراقيين على المستوى الجامعي. نفذت الدراسة طرق بحث مختلطة لجمع البيانات في التحليل التجريبي. لذلك ، تم إجراء اختبارين على المجموعات المعينة في الدراسة لقياس أثر FCM قبل وبعد تطبيق الدراسة. إلى جانب ذلك ، تم استخدام استبانة ومقابلات مع طلاب المجموعة التجريبية لجمع البيانات حول أرائهم عن FCM. استغرقت مدة الدراسة 15 أسبوعا وتألفت من 60 طالبا من قسم اللغة الإنجليزية ، كلية الآداب في جامعة الأنبار. حيث كشفت النتائج عن وجود اختلاف إحصائي كبير بين المجموعتين لصالح المجموعة التجريبية ذات الأداء الأفضل ، مشيرة إلى أن FCM ساعد الطلبة بشكل كبير في تحسين نطقهم في اللغة الإنجليزية. علاوة على ذلك ، أعرب الطلاب عن أرائهم إلايجابية ورضاهم لاستخدام FCM من خلال ردودهم على الاستبانة والمقابلات. وعلى هذا النحو ، توصي الدراسة الحالية بإجراء مزيد من البحث لدراسة تأثير تطبيق FCM في المجالات والتخصصات الغير اللغوية .
Functional and instrumental textural properties of reduced-salt meat emulsions with konjac gel: Combined effects of transglutaminase, isolate soy protein, and alginate

ABSTRACT The functional and instrumental textural properties of reduced-salt meat emulsions (RSMEs) containing konjac gel, with combined transglutaminase (TG), isolated soy protein (ISP), and alginate were investigated to determine optimal quality characteristics. Control groups were produced using 1.2% salt (-) and 1.5% salt (+). RSMEs (1.2% salt) formulations contained T1 (konjac gel), T2 (konjac gel + TG), T3 (konjac gel + ISP), T4 (konjac gel + TG + ISP), T5 (konjac gel + alginate), and T6 (konjac gel + TG + alginate). The moisture content and myofibrillar protein solubility of all RSMEs (from T1 to T6) were significantly higher than that of control (-) (P < .05). T5 and T6 showed the lowest cooking loss and expressible fluid separation (P < .05), which means that T5 and T6 have good emulsion stability. Texture profile analysis of T6 were most similar to those of controls (+) with normal salt (1.5%) levels. in addition, the apparent viscosity of T6 was the maximal. These results indicated that T6 might successfully induce certain technical properties in RSMEs. Consequently, the combination of konjac gel, TG, and alginate are worthy to improve the quality of RSMEs.
Accumulated Carrier Density Dependence of Pentacene TFT Mobility Determined by Split C-V Technique

2. Experiments and Results 2.1 Sample Fabrication The top-contact type capacitors and FETs were fabricated as schematically shown in Fig. 1. Each device was fabricated on 31 nm-thick SiO2 thermally grown on n-silicon substrates. Pentacene film was grown by the vacuum evaporation with deposition rate of 0.05 nm/s and substrate temperature of 25 oC. Au for pentacene and Al for n-Si as electrical contacts were thermally evaporated. The pentacene thickness was 50 nm. Au electrode size was W/L=1000μm/500μm and the channel length was varied from 50 to 300μm. Note that a difference between Fig. 1(a) and (b) is the area of pentacene film. In the case of Fig.1 (a), a rather wide area capacitor is effectively measured as described below.