Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Antibody Response to SIV in Lactating Rhesus Macaques

As a model of breast milk transmission of HIV, we characterized humoral immune responses in the milk and plasma of 14 female rhesus macaques with suckling infants. Total immunoglobulin levels in plasma and milk were similar in all females and could not be correlated with transmission to the infant. These females, however, had elevated milk IgG levels and decreased milk IgA levels as compared with levels in seronegative controls. SIV envelope-specific antibody responses developed similarly in all females over the first 14-28 days after inoculation; however, 2 females had significantly lower titers by 98 days after inoculation. These females, characterized as rapid disease progressors, were the only animals to transmit SIV through breast-feeding during the period of acute viremia (14-21 days after inoculation). The remaining 12 females developed similar levels of high-avidity SIV envelope-specific IgG in plasma and low, but detectable, levels of IgA in milk. Despite similar quantities of antibody in milk, transmission of SIV through breast-feeding occurred in 8 of 12 mother-baby pairs during the chronic phase of disease. These observations are comparable with those for HIV-infected women and indicate that the SIV-macaque model provides a unique resource for deciphering the functional role of antibodies in breast milk transmission of HIV.
Rhabdochona kisutchi sp. nov. (Nematoda: Spiruroidea) from coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), of western Canada.

A new nematode species, Rhabdochona kisutchi sp. nov., is described from the intestine and pyloric caeca of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) smolts from streams of British Columbia, Canada. It differs from all hitherto known members of the genus, except R. sulaki Saidov, 1953, in having eggs provided with polar caps. It can be distinguished from R. sulaki by the shape, origin, and infrequent occurrence of polar filaments; the position of the vulva; and the length of the esophagus and female tail.
A waveform-agile jamming duel demonstrator

A potent software-based demonstrator is described for agile pulse transmission in shaped noise jamming and clutter interference. Four distinct and interacting FIR digital filter coefficient sets accounting for prevailing signaling conditions are of central importance. The entity using its coefficients to shape its emitted noise power spectrum elicits the most-disruptive jamming currently possible. Likewise, the opposing entity undertakes optimal pulse-shaping/detection filtering aimed at countering the most recent jamming transmission. The optimal filter design algorithms underlying the demonstrator are emphasized, along with discussions of nonlinear design effects connected with clutter, static out-take plots of simulation runs and selectable suboptimal compromises.
Antibodies to Mycobacterium tuberculosis‐specific epitopes in lepromatous leprosy

Sera from patients with leprosy or tuberculosis and healthy subjects have been analysed for the presence of antibodies to four species‐specific mycobacterial epitopes, four different viruses and five autoantigens. Antibodies to the Mycobacterium leprae‐specific 35‐kD protein and phenolic glycolipid I epitopes were not present in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. In contrast, antibody levels to species‐specific epitopes of the 38‐kD and 14‐kD antigens M. tuberculosis were significantly elevated in patients with lepromatous leprosy. Neither of the two antigens is cross‐reactive with M. leprae at the B cell level. However, it was considered that cross‐reactive helper T cells could recall the response of M. tuberculosis‐specific memory B cells, which had been primed through prior self‐healing tuberculous infection. As an alternative explanation, the possible role of polyclonal B cell stimulation was considered. This seemed unlikely, however, since: (i) antibody levels to autoantigens, except anti‐smooth muscle, were not elevated, and (ii) antibody levels to four distinct viruses, unlike those to all mycobacterial epitopes, showed no correlation with litres, to M. tuberculosis‐specific epitopes.
Design principles and performance of bioresorbable polymeric vascular scaffolds.

AIMS Bioresorbable polymeric vascular scaffolds may spawn a fourth revolution in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and a novel treatment termed vascular restoration therapy. The principal design considerations for bioresorbable scaffolds are discussed in the context of physiological behaviour using the Bioabsorbable Vascular Solutions (BVS) ABSORB Cohort B scaffold (Abbott Vascular) as an example. METHODS AND RESULTS The lifecycle of a bioresorbable scaffold is divided into three phases: (1) revascularisation; (2) restoration; and (3) resorption. In the revascularisation phase spanning the first three months after intervention, the bioresorbable scaffold should perform comparably to metallic drug-eluting stents (DES) in terms of deliverability, radial strength, recoil, and neointimal thickening. The ensuing restoration phase is characterised by gradual erosion of radial strength and a loss of structural continuity, where the time scale at which each occurs is related to the hydrolytic degradation rate of the polymer. Natural vasomotion in response to external stimuli is theoretically possible at the end of this phase. Finally, in the resorption phase, the passive implant is systematically resorbed and processed by the body. CONCLUSIONS Limited clinical data speak to the potential of bioresorbable scaffolds as a new therapy, and future studies will prove critical to inspiring a fourth revolution in PCI.
Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Promoter Polymorphism and Insulin Resistance in the Development of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obese Children

Purpose: Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) polymorphism has been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in obese adults, and known to be a mediator of insulin resistance. In this study, we evaluated the role of TNF-α promoter polymorphisms and insulin resistance in the development of NAFLD in obese children. Methods: A total of 111 obese children (M:F=74:37; mean age, 11.1±2.0 yrs) were included. The children were divided into 3 groups: controls (group I, n=61), children with simple steatosis (group II, n=17), and children with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (group III, n=33). Serum TNF-α levels, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and TNF-α -308 and -238 polymorphisms were evaluated. Results: There were no differences in TNF-α polymorphism at the -308 or the -238 loci between group I and group II + III (p=0.134 and p=0.133). The medians of HOMA-IR were significantly different between group I and group II + III (p=0.001), with significant difference between group II and group III (p=0.007). No difference was observed in the HOMA-IR among the genotypes at the -308 locus (p=0.061) or the -238 locus (p=0.207) in obese children. Conclusion: TNF-α promoter polymorphisms at the -308 and -238 loci were not significantly associated with the development of NAFLD in children; nevertheless, insulin resistance remains a likely essential factor in the pathogenesis of NAFLD in obese children, especially in the progression to NASH. (Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2012; 15: 44-51)
The relationship of specific items on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory to caregiver burden in dementia: a systematic review

Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) are common in dementia, and they have been identified as important care‐recipient variables in terms of their impact on caregiver burden. The aim of this review was to describe how individual NPSs in dementia, assessed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory, are associated with caregiver burden.
AlGaN/GaN MOS-HEMT Device Fabricated Using a High Quality PECVD Passivation Process

In this letter, an AlGaN/GaN MOS-HEMT was demonstrated using a 5-nm-thick SiO<sub>x</sub> dielectric layer deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) as a gate insulator. The fabricated device exhibits a maximum <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{{\text {DS}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> current of 570 mA/mm at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{{\text {GS}}} =+ {3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> V, an ON-state resistance (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${R}_{\mathrm {biosc{on}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$7.3~\Omega \cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm, a maximum transconductance peak of 180 mS/mm, and a gate leakage current below 1 nA/mm at a gate voltage of +/−3 V. Moreover, a very low pinchoff voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{p})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> shift was observed during the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{{\text {DS}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {GS}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> hysteresis measurements giving an estimated interface state density (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${D}_{\text {it}})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> as low as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.9\times 10^{ {11}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{-2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> eV<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{-1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. These results demonstrate the high quality of the SiO<sub><italic>x</italic></sub>/AlGaN interface and the efficiency of the passivation process. To the best of our knowledge, this is the lowest reported <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${D}_{\text {it}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> on an AlGaN/GaN MOS-HEMT device using a PECVD deposition technique.
Readability, content, and quality of online patient education materials on preeclampsia

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the readability, content, and quality of patient education materials addressing preeclampsia. Methods: Websites of U.S. obstetrics and gynecology residency programs were searched for patient education materials. Readability, content, and quality were assessed. A one-sample t-test was used to evaluate mean readability level compared with the recommended 6th grade reading level. Results: Mean readability levels were higher using all indices (p < 0.001). Content was variable with good website understandability, but poor actionability. Conclusions: The mean readability was above the recommended 6th grade reading level. The content, readability, and actionability of preeclampsia patient education materials should be improved.
THE ROLE OF SCOTOCHROMOGENIC MYCOBACTERIA IN HUMAN DISEASE *

Among the mycobacteria which are found in soil and water are strains which grow slowly to produce soft, smooth, yellow to orange colonies whose pigment is not light-dependent. Generally referred to as the “scotochromogenic group”, such strains are devoid of pathogenicity for laboratory animals, and relatively resistant to isoniazid, streptomycin and p-aminosalicylic acid. They often are isolated as commensals in cultures from diagnostic material, especially gastric washings; in such situations the cultures usually grow only one or two colonies of the bacilli. I n a study from the Ohio Tuberculosis Hospital, small numbers of these mycobacteria were found in gastric washings from healthy people as often as from patients in the hospital. ’ Scotochromogenic mycobacteria similar to those found in nature are frequently grown in pure culture from the diseased nodes in subacute lymphadenitis of children, and rarely from the sputum and resected lung tissue of adults with chronic pulmonary disease.
EIPH: postrace endoscopic evaluation of Standardbreds and Thoroughbreds.

The incidence and severity of exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) in the 2 most commonly raced horse breeds, Thoroughbreds (TB) and Standardbreds (STD), were studied, with particular interest in the possible influence of frusemide (F) and/or the breed (or running gait) on EIPH. The appearance of blood within the trachea was semi-quantified using a published 5-point system, with zero assigned when no blood was observed, and numbers 1-4 assigned with increasing amounts of blood. Considering each endoscopic examination as a separate event, approximately 75% of the postrace endoscopic examinations had blood-scores of 1, 2, 3, or 4, regardless of breed or F administration. For horses examined twice, the chances of finding blood-scores of 1 or greater in either of the examinations increased to approximately 95%. All horses examined 3 or more times had endoscopic blood-scores of 1 or greater following one or more races, again, irrespective of the breed or F administration. Mean +/- s.e. 'blood scores' were 1.5 +/- 0.1 and 1.8 +/- 0.2 for TB, and 1.4 +/- 0.2 and 1.2 +/- 0.1 for STD racing with and without prerace F, respectively. Therefore, there was no apparent effect of breed (or possibly racing gait) on EIPH, and no differences in the incidence or severity of EIPH were observed between horses with or without prerace frusemide administration.
Tratamiento de familias con problemas de maltrato y/o abandono infantil

En el mes de Noviembre de 1989 se firmó un Convenio de Colaboración entre el Departamento de Trabajo y Seguridad Social del Gobierno Vasco, el Departamento de Salud y Bienestar Social de la Diputación Foral de Gipuzkoa y el Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamientos Psicológicos de la Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, para la puesta en marcha de un Plan-Piloto de tratamiento y rehabilitación para familias con problemas de maltrato y/o abandono físico infantil en el territorio histórico de Gipuzkoa.
[Association of APOA5 gene single nucleotide polymorphism with levels of lipids and coronary heart disease in Chinese].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the single nucleotide polymorphism 4 (SNP4) of the apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) gene possible association with coronary heart disease(CHD) and its distribution of in Chinese Han population. METHODS APOA5 SNP4 genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction and Hae III restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. RESULTS APOA5 allelic frequencies of T, C were 0.435, 0.565 and 0.374, 0.626 in CHD group and control group, respectively. There is significant difference in allele and genotype frequencies between CHD group and control group (P<0.05). The levels of plasma high density lipoprotein in CHD patients with CC genotype were higher than those in CHD patients with other genotypes (P<0.01). The frequencies of T allele and C allele in Chinese was significantly different from those in Caucasians (0.374 vs 0.663, 0.626 vs 0.337, P<0.01). The C allele was much more common in Chinese population. CONCLUSION The association is found between the Hae III polymorphism and CHD, There is a significant correlation between the CC genotype of the APOA5 and the levels of plasma high density lipoprotein-cholosteal in the CHD group.
An overview of adjuvants utilized in prophylactic vaccine formulation as immunomodulators

ABSTRACT Introduction: Development of efficient and cost effective vaccines have been recognized as the primary concern to improve the overall healthcare in a country. In order to achieve this goal, more improved and powerful adjuvants need to be developed. Lacking in the self-adjuvanting immuno-modulatory constituents, vaccines exhibit lower immunogenicity. Combining potent adjuvants with vaccines is the most appropriate method to enhance the efficacy of the vaccines. Hence, this review is focussed on the most potent adjuvants for the formulation of vaccines. Areas covered: This review focuses on Oil-based emulsions, Mineral compounds, Liposomes, Bacterial products, ISCOMs and most recently used nanomaterials as adjuvants for enhancing the antigenicity of vaccines. Furthermore, this review explains the immunological response elicited by various particles. Moreover, case studies are incorporated providing an in depth analyses of various adjuvant-containing vaccines which are currently used. Expert commentary: Enhanced fundamental knowledge about the adjuvants and their immuno-stimulatory capabilities and delivery mechanisms will facilitate the rational designing of prophylactic vaccines with better efficacy.
Sustainable Internet service provider selection: Affected by internal and external factors (quality and reputation)

Although recent studies have provided a framework for determining factors contributing online retailers' success, they have not been successful in recognizing that customer decision-making process is mostly influenced by internal factors of the websites (e.g. navigation, color and graphics). Although website quality is important, it provides only a subset of the evaluation criteria for service provider. Other features of online retailers can play important roles in influencing customer's response. This study considers external (i.e. reputation) and internal factors (i.e. quality of the website) as factors affecting the customer's opinion about the website of companies offering broadband services in Iran. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) has been used for data analysis. The findings show that security and confidentiality of data have a significant and positive impact on reputation. Moreover, web design and customer services have a significant positive effect on positive emotions of the customers. In addition, we found that security and confidentiality of data have a significant positive effect on perceived risk, and positive emotions have a significant positive effect on purchase intention. Finally, perceived risk has a positive impact on negative emotions.
Emergency Department Management of the Pediatric Patient With Supraventricular Tachycardia

Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is the most common tachyarrhythmia that necessitates treatment in children. It is characterized by a rapid and regular heart rate, which generally exceeds 180 beats per minute in children and 220 beats per minute in adolescents. Supraventricular tachycardia results from conduction of electrical impulses along an accessory connection from the atrium to the ventricle (atrioventricular reentry tachycardias: orthodromic or antidromic) or conduction within the atrioventricular node (atrioventricular node reentry tachycardia). Emergency department management of SVT depends on the patient's clinical status. Treatment of a stable patient with SVT includes vagal maneuvers and adenosine, whereas treatment of an unstable patient requires synchronized cardioversion. This article presents an overview of the etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation of SVT and discusses the emergency department management of an infant or child with SVT.
Ultrasound Guidance Improves The Diagnostic Yield And Accuracy Of Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy Of Thyroid Nodules In Detecting Malignancy

Objective To compare the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (USG-FNAB) versus palpation guided thyroid biopsy. 1.2 Study Design Cross sectional study of patients who underwent thyroidectomy at our institution from May 2012 to June 2013 were included. Final Histopathology was compared with their cytology result whether it was obtained thru ultrasound guided or palpation guided FNAB. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, accuracy rate and non-diagnostic yield were computed. 1.3 Subjects A total of 207 patients underwent thyroidectomy from May 2012 to June 2013. Seventy eight patients were excluded because of unavailability of cytology result (n=64) and had prior thyroidectomy (n=14). Only 129 patients were included in the study. Each site of the thyroid nodule that underwent FNAB was considered as one case. 1.4 Outcome Ultrasound Guided FNAB group (n=118) has a sensitivity of 78.57%, specificity 91.67%, positive predictive value 86.84%, negative predictive value 85.94%, accuracy rate of 86.2%. Palpation Guided FNAB group (n=57) has a sensitivity of 30.7%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100%, negative predictive value 81.25%, accuracy rate of 82.69%. Nondiagnostic yield for USG FNAB is 4% and Palpation FNAB is 12%. 1.5 Conclusion Ultrasound guidance improves sensitivity and overall diagnostic accuracy of FNAB in detecting thyroid malignancy. More importantly, it significantly lessens the non-diagnostic yield by 3x. Furthermore, USG FNAB was able to detect 6 out of 11 cases of micropapillary thyroid cancer translating it into 54.5% sensitivity in detecting micropapillary carcinoma. The improved diagnostic yield and accuracy rate of USG FNAB justify the additional cost of the procedure.
Managing Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Infection in Developed-Country Settings

This article reviews current understanding of the management of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 infection in the context of developed-country settings. The advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy has facilitated the virtual elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection in developed countries, reducing transmission rates to approximately 1–2%. This review describes the epidemiology of HIV infection among women of child-bearing age and the risk factors, timing and mechanisms of mother-to-child transmission, followed by a discussion of the identification of pregnant HIV-infected women and their therapeutic and obstetric management.
Spontaneous and ethyl methanesulfonate-induced mutations controlling viability in Drosophila melanogaster. III. Heterozygous effect of polygenic mutations.

Spontaneous and EMS-induced mutations were accumulated for several generations on the second chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster by keeping this chromosome heterozygous under conditions of minimal natural selection. This article reports studies of heterozygous effects of these mutants. --Both lethal and mildly deleterious mutants have a deleterious heterozygous effect. There was no discernible difference between heterozygotes in which all the mutants were on one chromosome and those where the mutants were distributed over both homologs; thus the coupling-repulsion effect of MUKAI and YAMAZAKI (1964, 1968) is not confirmed. The spontaneous polygenic mutants have a dominance of 0.4 to 0.5, and the same value is found at very low EMS doses. However, the value at higher EMS doses is only about half as high. Since the low doses have a large fraction of spontaneous mutants, the dominance of EMS mutants is less, in the range 0.1 to 0.3, but still larger than for lethals.