Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
50 years of the Hungarian Congenital Abnormality Registry

The mandatory notification of patients (“cases”) with different congenital abnormalities (CAs) diagnosed from birth until the end of the first postnatal year by medical doctors was ordered by the Ministry of Health in Hungary in 1962 and this CA‐registry was continued as the Hungarian Congenital Abnormality Registry (HCAR) based on the international recommendation from 1970. The primary objective of the HCAR has been to determine the baseline birth prevalence rate of different CAs as reliably as possible, with three secondary objectives: (i) to detect temporal and/or spatial clusters of CAs; (ii) to evaluate increasing or decreasing time trends of CAs; and (iii) to assist in the planning of medical and social services for children and families affected by CA so that appropriate resources are allocated efficiently and effectively. This paper summarizes the activities and the evolution of the HCAR over the past 50 years (1962–2011) including the Hungarian Case‐Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities for postmarketing surveillance of drug teratogenicity and prevention of CAs; the special evaluation of unidentified multiple CAs; the Hungarian Surveillance of Germinal Mutations and several international collaborations. In conclusion, Hungary enjoyed optimal conditions for the HCAR due to a centralized state health system; all deliveries took place in inpatient clinics; the quality of pediatric care was high and pediatricians notified most CAs. Autopsy was mandatory in infant death, the staff of the HCAR did not consider this CA‐registry only as a statistical system but the Hungarian Center for Congenital Anomaly Control and the Hungarian Case‐Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities based on the HCAR worked with close collaboration with the parents in order to promote the possible good quality of life of their affected children and to prevent their risk of recurrence.
Multi-round auctions for institutional real estate assets : theory and practice

The theory of auctions has grown dramatically over the last four decades; it offers guidance and insights into the conduct of efficient and optimal auctions in real estate, and other industries. In this thesis an auction process used to sell institutional real estate assets in the US is identified. This auction came into being during the 1990s, and is now in common use. The auction is recorded though surveys with industry representatives and is characterized. Problems with the auction are identified, and solutions are proposed, referencing this auction to the body of auction theory. The auction consists of two rounds of sealed bid submissions, with attrition in the number of competitive bidders. After competitive bidding is complete a preferred bidder is selected, and engages in due diligence, a practice that often uncovers new information and induces renegotiation. Bids are not binding during the bidding process, because the auction is informationally incomplete. Sellers analyze bids based on the perceived quality of the bidder as a contractual partner, as well as the bid's value, complicating the objective selection of the best bidder. The auction is bilaterally incomplete and unstable, potentially influencing efficiency and optimality. Recommendations to improve the process are made. Descriptive statistics are formed and presented of multi-round auctions for institutional real estate assets. Thesis Supervisor: William C. Wheaton Title: Professor of Economics
Discoid and subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus: detection of differences in peripheral lymphocyte numbers.

Sir, Reduced leukocyte and lymphocyte counts are a well-known phenomenon in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and are included in the classi® cation of the American College of Rheumatology (1). However, in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus absolute counts of peripheral lymphocytes have only been sporadically investigated. Gilliam & Hurd (2) in 1976 analyzed circulating lymphocytes in patients with discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE). They found normal T-cell numbers in these patients. In 1986 Kind et al. (3) reported on Tand B-cell abnormalities in cutaneous lupus erythematosus. They showed that patients with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) had signi® cantly diminished mean numbers of CD3+ CD8+ cells compared to healthy controls. A similar difference could not be found between patients with DLE and healthy controls. Both studies were done on fairly small patient groups: 24 and 18 patients with LE, respectively. Therefore, in this study we analyzed circulating lymphocytes in a larger group of patients with LE.
ROS Regulation of Antioxidant Genes 101 Chapter 6 ROS Regulation of Antioxidant Genes

Over the last decade our understanding of the role of ROS has progressed from the classical view of adverse toxic metabolic byproducts inadvertently associated with aerobic life to include the newly emerging role of signaling molecules regulating growth, development and coordinating responses to abiotic and biotic stress. A recent series of discoveries have given scientists new insights into ROS-dependent gene activation and the molecular mechanisms involved. The majority of information of the regulatory role of ROS on gene expression derived from experiments using: i) transgenic plants overexpressing or suppressing antioxidant genes in order to reduce or increase the intracellular ROS levels, respectively; ii) mutants impaired in ROS generation or scavenging; iii) direct application of ROS; iv) application of ROS generating compounds. Results of these experiments provided signifi cant information on ROS-dependent signaling pathways and ROS-responsive genes. A number of genes involved in defense, signal transduction, transcription, metabolism as well as cell structure have been identifi ed revealing a highly dynamic and redundant network of ROS-producing and ROS-scavenging genes. Antioxidant genes are central players in this network and their function has profound effect in controlling ROS levels and cellular redox balance. ROS, on the other 1Agricultural Research Center of Northern Greece, NAGREF, 57001 Thermi, Greece, Fax: (+30)2310471209, E-mail: phmylona@nagref.gr 2 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece, Fax: (+30) 2310998654, E-mail: palexios@agro.auth. gr *Corresponding author 102 Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidants in Higher Plants hand can remarkably regulate the level of antioxidant gene expression providing a feedback regulation mechanism of ROS levels, which is a critical component in modulation of signaling networks. This chapter focuses on recent developments on the role of ROS in activation of gene expression with an emphasis on ROS-scavenging enzyme systems.
The Defense of Economic Interests in the European Union: The Case of Hedge Fund Regulation

institutions with an opportunity to seize power and expand their activities, even when there was no direct need for supranational intervention. The regulation of hedge funds through the so-called Alternative Investment Fund Managers (AIFM) directive adopted in November 2010 seems to be emblematic of this development. Highly politicized, the member state negotiations, that lasted for 18 months, pitted most notably France against the United Kingdom. Since even the Commission’s original proposal acknowledged that
Direct foreign investment : a Japanese model of multinational business operations

1. Issues of Direct Foreign Investment 2. International Division of Labour: Basic Theories for Trade and Investment 3. The Theories of Foreign Investment: An Overview 4. Direct Foreign Investment: Japanese Model versus American Model 5. A Macro-economic Theory of Direct Foreign Investment 6. International Trade and Foreign Investment: Substitutes or Complements? 7. Transfer of Technology to Developing Countries: Japanese Type versus American Type 8. Direct Foreign Investment to Developing Countries: The Issue of Over-Presence 9. Direct Foreign Investment between Advanced Industrialised Countries 10. Japan's Resource Security and Foreign Investment in the Pacific 11. Giant Multinational Corporations: Merits and Defects
DETERMINANTS OF CUSTOMER LOYALTY. A THEORETICAL APPROACH

The purpose of the research is to investigate the determinants of customer loyalty. The research objectives are: (1) to identify the factors that affect customer loyalty; (2) to identify the relations between the determinants of loyalty and loyalty construct. We used an exploratory research based on a documentary study. The main determinants of customer loyalty that are identified and studied in past researchers are: satisfaction, trust, commitment, involvement, perceived risk, switching costs and habit. All these factors are positive correlated with loyalty.
Recognize sustained competitive advantage: A comparison in the automotive industry out of an investors’ perspective

How could the ability to sustain competitive advantage of a market leader in the automotive industry over its direct competitors be measured by using publicly accessible information? As is found in the research, it seems that a good individual factor performance is not a necessary and not a sufficient condition to maintain superior financial performance. Hence it is very hard to measure the ability to maintain superior performance by assessing a single factor. Instead, the combination of factors market share (growth), corporate reputation, R&D intensity and financial resources (health) seems to be a necessary but not sufficient condition to maintain superior performance. Therefore, the combination of factors provides stronger evidence for a firm’s ability to maintain superior financial performance. For that reason, it might be a better way to use the combination of factors to predict the ability of a market leader to maintain its consistent superior financial performance. It should be noted that a good performance in the combination of factors is not a panacea towards consistent superior financial performance as in the case of VAG. Additionally, major issues are still under consideration regarding this relationship. First, the assumption is made that the companies could be compared, while this might not be the case. Second, other competitive advantage factors not investigated in the study could have caused or contributed to the consistent superior financial performance of Toyota and many exogenous factors could have significantly affected that performance. Third, based on the evidence found in this research, it could very well be that the relationship of the combination of factors and performance is mutually dependent. Fourth, it is assumed that a company has one competitive strategy, while a firm might actually have different strategies that each target different rivals. Fifth, due to the illusiveness of the concept sustained competitive advantage it is assumed that consistent superior financial performance could be used instead, while they are actually two different constructs. That being said, predicting the ability of a market leader to sustain its consistent superior financial performance seems to be complex and is still not thoroughly understood. However, note that none of the below-average financial performers had a strong performance in the combination of factors. Based on that knowledge, the suggestion could be made that a strong performance in the four factors at least gives the long-term investor some indication of the ability to maintain that financial performance at most. In other words, a good performance in the four factors might increase the chances that the market leader is capable to maintain its consistent superior financial performance over time and therefore contribute to the assessment of the long-term investor.
The effect of prolactin deficiency during sexual maturation in the male rat.

The effect of prolactin deficiency on sexual development and serum hormone concentrations in male rats was investigated. Prolactin deficiency was induced by a series of sc injections of either normal rabbit serum (NRS) or rabbit antirat prolactin (ARP) beginning on Day 3 of life. The animals were sacrificied either on Day 49 or 61 and body weights and wet weights of the pituitary testis ventral prostate seminal vesicle and adrenal gland were determined. Serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) prolactin (PRL) and testosterone (T) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Prolactin could not be detected in the serum of ARP-treated animals. Serum LH concentrations on Day 49 were significantly (p less than .001) higher in ARP-treated rats than in NRS controls though serum concentrations of FSH and T were similar in both groups. However on Day 61 serum levels of LH FSH and T in ARP-treated animals were comparable to those in NRS controls. On Day 61 but not on Day 49 prostate and seminal vesicle weights were significantly (p less than .05) lower in ARP-treated animals compared with NRS controls. ARP did not affect body weights and weights of the pituitary testis and adrenal gland. The results suggest that prolactin inhibits LH secretion during sexual maturation in the rat and stimulates the development of secondary sex tissues.
Expression of heat shock proteins in osteosarcomas

Aims: Heat shock proteins (HSPs) protect cells against stress‐associated injuries and are overexpressed in several malignant tumours. We investigated the potential roles of HSP27, HSP60, and HSP70 in conventional and low grade central osteosarcoma. Methods: Expressions of HSP27, HSP60, and HSP70 were analysed using immunohistochemistry on tissue sections from 52 cases of conventional osteosarcoma and 21 cases of low grade central osteosarcoma. We evaluated the expression of each protein and examined its relationship with clinicopathological parameters. Results: We found significantly different expressions of HSP27 and HSP70 between conventional and low grade central osteosarcoma [34.6% versus 4.8% (p = 0.008), 88.5% versus 14.3% (p < 0.001)]. However, HSP60 was highly expressed in both kinds of osteosarcoma (92.3% versus 85.7%). In conventional osteosarcoma, a higher expression of HSP27 was significantly related to distant metastasis (p = 0.034) and histological subtype [osteoblastic versus non‐osteoblastic (p = 0.041)]. The expressions of HSP60 and HSP70 were not significantly related to any tested clinicopathological parameter. Conclusions: HSP27 and HSP70 may be used as differential markers to distinguish conventional and low grade central osteosarcoma. HSP27 may be used as a possible prognostic marker in conventional osteosarcoma cases.
Current Strategies to Improve Engraftment in Cord Blood Transplantation

Umbilical Cord Blood (UCB) remains an important alternative source of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSC) for allogeneic transplantation when suitable HLA-matched donors are unavailable. Cord Blood (CB) offers many benefits including rapid availability, absence of risk to the donor, and a low incidence of graft-versus-host disease. However, although the overall survival of patients receiving unrelated CB transplants is comparable to using other HSC sources, UCB transplantation is associated with delayed engraftment and poor immune reconstitution, particularly in adults. While this is partly due to the lower cell dose in UCB grafts, it may also reflect the relative immaturity of cord blood. Therefore, many different strategies to enhance hematopoietic engraftment following UCB transplantation are currently under investigation. This article will review the latest techniques including improved collection, HLAmatching, homing and expansion of CB, and the use of double CB grafts, third-party donors, and accessory cells. As many of these methods are now in clinical trials, it is anticipated that UCB transplantation will continue to improve, further expanding our understanding of CB biology and HSC transplantation.
Cross asset portfolio derivatives

The dependence of extreme financial events among different asset classes is taken under consideration on a portfolio level. For this means, a new product group, called cross asset portfolio derivatives, is introduced and explained under the light of related existing products and pricing methods. A classification is presented and features of these products are described. Finally, two modeling and pricing frameworks using multivariate stochastic processes and (hierarchical) copulas, respectively, are sketched.
Design, Implementation, and Performance Evaluation of Efficient PMIPv6 Based Mobile Multicast Sender Support Schemes

Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) is proposed as a promising network-based mobility management protocol, which does not need any participation of mobile nodes. PMIPv6 does not support the multicast well and most of the current research concentrates on the mobile multicast receiver. However, the mobile multicast sender is also very important and challenging, which has not been addressed well. Therefore, in this paper we propose two efficient PMIPv6 based mobile multicast sender support schemes which are PMIP bidirectional tunneling (PMIP-BT) and PMIP direct routing (PMIP-DR). In the PMIP-BT, the multicast traffic can be delivered through the PMIPv6 bidirectional tunnel, while, in the PMIP-DR, the multicast data can be transmitted via an optimized direct multicast routing. Both of them can support the multicast sender mobility transparently enabled in the PMIPv6 networks. We evaluate the performance of the proposed schemes by theoretical analysis, and the numerical results show that the proposed schemes have a better performance in terms of the signaling cost than the current schemes. Meanwhile, the proposed schemes are also implemented on the test bed, and the experimental results not only verify the validity and feasibility of our proposed schemes, but also conclude the different scenarios to which they are applicable.
A Clinical Investigation of Phobias

The term “agoraphobia” was coined by Westphal, who in 1872 published a monograph Die Agoraphobie (12) in which three male patients were described with the following symptoms: … impossibility of walking through certain streets or squares, or possibility of doing so only with resultant dread of anxiety … no loss of consciousness … vertigo was excluded by all patients … no hallucinations or delusions to cause this strange fear … agony was much increased at those hours when the particular streets dreaded were deserted and the shops closed. The patients experienced great comfort from the companionship of men or even an inanimate object, such as a vehicle or a cane. The use of beer or wine also allowed the patient to pass through the feared locality with comparative comfort. One man even sought, without immoral motives, the companionship of a prostitute as far as his own door … Some localities are more difficult of access than others; the patient walking far in order not to traverse them … Strange to say, in one instance, the open country was less feared than sparsely housed streets in town. Case 3 also had a dislike for crossing a certain bridge. He feared he would fall in the water. In this case there was also apprehension of impending insanity.
Appearance-based 3D face tracker: an evaluation study

The ability to detect and track human heads and faces in video sequences is useful in a great number of applications. In this paper, we present our recent 3D face tracker that combines online appearance models with an image registration technique. This monocular tracker runs in real-time and is drift insensitive. We introduce a scheme that takes into account the orientation of local facial regions into the registration technique. Moreover, we introduce a general framework for evaluating the developed appearance-based tracker. Precision and usability of the tracker are assessed using stereo-based range facial data from which ground truth 3D motions are inferred. This evaluation quantifies the monocular tracker accuracy, and identifies its working range in 3D space.
The L2 anti-winup problem: Its definition and solution

The problems of `windup' (linear closed-loop systems not behaving as they should due to input saturation) and synthesizing `anti-windup' compensator modifications have been studied for a long time. Unfortunately, the anti-windup problem has never been adequately formalized mathematically and almost all existing solutions are heuristic in nature. In this work, we formalize the goal of anti-windup synthesis in a natural way and we provide an algorithm that achieves this goal. We demonstrate our algorithm's robustness properties and its relationship to optimal anti-windup. A simple numerical example is provided to illustrate our technique.
Concept Analysis of Cognitive Artifacts

Cognitive artifacts—information displays that inform thought processes and increaseknowledge—fulfill a fundamental role in distributed cognition. Cognitive work—the mental processes ofselecting and evaluating data, reasoning, and making decisions—is guided and informed by cognitive artifacts, especially in clinical areas. The importance of cognitive artifacts to cognitive work suggests the need to study andcomprehensively understand cognitive artifacts prepared and used by the clinical nurses and how these documentsinfluence and guide nursing practice. This article identifies and describes the attributes of effectivelyconstructed cognitive artifacts using the concept analysis process described by Walker and Avant.
Design fictions

This studio provides participants with an opportunity to engage in a hands-on exploration of the use of "design fictions" as a strategy for producing physical artifacts. The idea of design fictions blurs the boundaries between traditional design practices and narrative explorations of potential futures. If the goal of design is to devise courses of action aimed at changing existing situations into preferred ones, then the goal of design fiction is to use speculations, metaphors, and explorations of desired futurities to explicate and inform material design practices. Participants will have a chance to discuss these ideas, as well as to design and build their own "diegetic prototypes" out of materials sourced from local antique shops, thrift stores, and other nearby sources of inspiration. Through this hands-on exploration of the constraints and affordances of fictional scenarios and scavenged materials, we hope to collectively explore a compelling new design space for tangibles.
Finance for Small and Medium‐sized Enterprises

Finance for longer‐term investment continues to be identified as a problem in the small and medium‐sized enterprise market. Recently the finance gap has been attributed to the use of capital gearing as a lending assessment technique. Income gearing, which would take account of the borrower′s expected future income flows may help to close the finance gap. Using a postal questionnaire and in‐depth interviews, information was gathered from companies about their forecasting procedures. The findings show that many companies have the necessary infrastructure to forecast income flows. However practice and culture need to change if lending based on income gearing is to become a reality. Company forecasts lack depth, and the time horizon chosen is too short especially in relation to capital expenditure budgets. In the small and medium sector the relationship between budgets and strategic planning is not yet understood.