Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maternal control of child-feeding during breast and formula feeding in the first 6 months post-partum.

BACKGROUND Mothers who breastfeed use lower levels of control over later child diet. The baby-led nature of breastfeeding may encourage this low control to develop. Alternatively maternal desire for control may drive breastfeeding duration. The present study explored whether differences in maternal control are present during milk feeding and whether these stem from or drive breastfeeding duration. METHODS Five hundred and two mothers with an infant aged 6-12 months completed a modified retrospective version of the child-feeding questionnaire adapted to reflect milk feeding during the first 6 months post-partum. Participants were recruited from mother and baby groups and online parenting forums. Mothers recalled their use of encouraging intake and scheduling feeds in relation to their infant's intake of milk. Attitudes towards breastfeeding were also measured, including views that breastfeeding is inconvenient, difficult and that formula-fed infants were more content. RESULTS Compared to mothers who formula-fed or ceased breastfeeding within 1 week, mothers who breastfed for at least 6 months recalled a lower use of scheduling and encouraging milk feeds. Mothers who initiated breastfeeding but ceased within 1 week reported lower control compared to exclusive formula feeders. A high level of scheduling feeds was associated with considering that breastfeeding was inconvenient and a greater perceived infant size, whereas encouraging feeds was associated with considering that breastfeeding was difficult, low maternal confidence and a smaller perceived infant size. CONCLUSIONS Maternal desire for control may drive breastfeeding duration. A controlling maternal feeding style may therefore be dispositional and present much earlier than current studies suggest.
Mactinin treatment promotes wound‐healing‐associated inflammation in urokinase knockout mice

Mactinin, a 31 kDa fragment from the amino‐terminal end of α‐actinin, is chemotactic for monocytes and can promote monocyte/macrophage maturation. Macrophages are essential for wound healing, in which they play key roles in debridement, angiogenesis, fibroblast proliferation, and collagen metabolism. We have previously determined that urokinase is necessary to form mactinin from extracellular α‐actinin, which may be present at sites of inflammation as a result of cell movement. Thus, urokinase knockout mice are unable to form mactinin and therefore are an ideal model to study mactinin's effects on wound healing. Saline‐ and mactinin‐treated wounds were analyzed in a subcutaneous sponge wound model in both wild‐type and urokinase knockout mice. The wounded urokinase knockout mice had markedly decreased leukocyte infiltration compared with wounded wild‐type mice. In addition, production of the proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin‐12, and of collagen was also decreased in knockouts. Treatment of knockout mice with mactinin resulted in leukocyte infiltration numbers, interleukin‐12 levels, and hydroxyproline measurements similar to those in wild‐type mice. The results suggest that impaired wound healing in urokinase‐deficient mice can be restored by administration of mactinin.
Real-world treatment patterns for patients receiving second-line and third-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review of recently published studies

Most patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have a poor prognosis and receive limited benefit from conventional treatments, especially in later lines of therapy. In recent years, several novel therapies have been approved for second- and third-line treatment of advanced NSCLC. In light of these approvals, it is valuable to understand the uptake of these new treatments in routine clinical practice and their impact on patient care. A systematic literature search was conducted in multiple scientific databases to identify observational cohort studies published between January 2010 and March 2017 that described second- or third-line treatment patterns and clinical outcomes in patients with advanced NSCLC. A qualitative data synthesis was performed because a meta-analysis was not possible due to the heterogeneity of the study populations. A total of 12 different study cohorts in 15 articles were identified. In these cohorts, single-agent chemotherapy was the most commonly administered treatment in both the second- and third-line settings. In the 5 studies that described survival from the time of second-line treatment initiation, median overall survival ranged from 4.6 months (95% CI, 3.8–5.7) to 12.8 months (95% CI, 10.7–14.5). There was limited information on the use of biomarker-directed therapy in these patient populations. This systematic literature review offers insights into the adoption of novel therapies into routine clinical practice for second- and third-line treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC. This information provides a valuable real-world context for the impact of recently approved treatments for advanced NSCLC.
Transfert de genes a potentiel therapeutique dans des modeles de la maladie de huntington developpes chez le rat

La maladie de huntington est une affection hereditaire qui se caracterise par une degenerescence progressive des neurones gabaergiques du striatum. Cela entraine des troubles moteurs et cognitifs qui aboutissent a la mort apres une evolution d'une quinzaine d'annees. On ne connait aucun traitement susceptible d'arreter ou de ralentir le processus neurodegeneratif. Nous avons etudie des strategies de traitement par transfert de gene dans des modeles de la maladie de huntington developpes chez le rat. Nous nous sommes interesses a des strategies de type soit restauratrice, par transfert du gene de la glutamate decarboxylase, l'enzyme de biosynthese du gaba, soit neuroprotectrice, par transfert de genes neuroprotecteurs. Cette deuxieme approche a donner les resultats les plus prometteurs. Nous avons montre que le transfert par adenovirus recombinant du gene de la superoxyde dismutase a des neurones de striatum en culture primaire permet de les proteger totalement de la neurotoxicite du glutamate. In vivo, nous avons montre chez le rat que l'injection intracerebrale d'un adenovirus recombinant codant le bdnf entraine une surexpression de cette neurotrophine. De plus cette surexpression permet de proteger les neurones gabaergiques du striatum de la degenerescence induite par l'injection intrastriatale d'acide quinolinique, un modele de la maladie de huntington. Outre le bdnf, nous nous sommes interesse au transfert du gene d'un autre facteur trophique, le gdnf. Ce dernier a demontre des capacites de neuroprotection moindre que le bdnf dans le modele de lesion par l'acide quinolinique. Ce travail demontre que, dans un modele de la maladie de huntington, il est possible d'obtenir une neuroprotection sensible a la suite du transfert de gene intracerebral direct d'une neurotrophine. Cela pourrait avoir des implications therapeutiques pour la maladie de huntington, mais egalement pour d'autres pathologies neurodegeneratives.
Repeated neonatal separation stress alters the composition of neurochemically characterized interneuron subpopulations in the rodent dentate gyrus and basolateral amygdala

Emotional experience during early life has been shown to interfere with the development of excitatory synaptic networks in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and the amygdala of rodents and primates. The aim of the present study was to investigate a developmental “homoeostatic synaptic plasticity” hypothesis and to test whether stress‐induced changes of excitatory synaptic composition are counterbalanced by parallel changes of inhibitory synaptic networks. The impact of repeated early separation stress on the development of two GABAergic neuronal subpopulations was quantitatively analyzed in the brain of the semiprecocial rodent Octodon degus. Assuming that PARV‐ and CaBP‐D28k‐expression are negatively correlated to the level of inhibitory activity, the previously described reduced density of excitatory spine synapses in the dentate gyrus of stressed animals appears to be “amplified” by elevated GABAergic inhibition, reflected by reduced PARV‐ (down to 85%) and CaBP‐D28k‐immunoreactivity (down to 74%). In opposite direction, the previously observed elevated excitatory spine density in the CA1 region of stressed animals appears to be amplified by reduced inhibition, reflected by elevated CaPB‐D28k‐immunoreactivity (up to 149%). In the (baso)lateral amygdala, the previously described reduction of excitatory spine synapses appears to be “compensated” by reduced inhibitory activity, reflected by dramatically elevated PARV‐ (up to 395%) and CaPB‐D28k‐immunoreactivity (up to 327%). No significant differences were found in the central nucleus of the amygdala, the piriform, and somatosensory cortices and in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. Thus during stress‐evoked neuronal and synaptic reorganization, a homeostatic balance between excitation and inhibition is not maintained in all regions of the juvenile brain. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2008
A Voxel-Based Rendering Pipeline for Large 3D Line Sets

We present a voxel-based rendering pipeline for large 3D line sets that employs GPU ray-casting to achieve scalable rendering including transparency and global illumination effects. Even for opaque lines we demonstrate superior rendering performance compared to GPU rasterization of lines, and when transparency is used we can interactively render amounts of lines that are infeasible to be rendered via rasterization. We propose a direction-preserving encoding of lines into a regular voxel grid, along with the quantization of directions using face-to-face connectivity in this grid. On the regular grid structure, parallel GPU ray-casting is used to determine visible fragments in correct visibility order. To enable interactive rendering of global illumination effects like low-frequency shadows and ambient occlusions, illumination simulation is performed during ray-casting on a level-of-detail (LoD) line representation that considers the number of lines and their lengths per voxel. In this way we can render effects which are very difficult to render via GPU rasterization. A detailed performance and quality evaluation compares our approach to rasterization-based rendering of lines.
The phonological memory profile of preschool children who make atypical speech sound errors

Abstract Previous research indicates that children with speech sound disorders (SSD) have underlying phonological memory deficits. The SSD population, however, is diverse. While children who make consistent atypical speech errors (phonological disorder/PhDis) are known to have executive function deficits in rule abstraction and cognitive flexibility, little is known about their memory profile. Sixteen monolingual preschool children with atypical speech errors (PhDis) were matched individually to age-and-gender peers with typically developing speech (TDS). The two groups were compared on forward recall of familiar words (pointing response), reverse recall of familiar words (pointing response), and reverse recall of digits (spoken response) and a receptive vocabulary task. There were no differences between children with TDS and children with PhDis on forward recall or vocabulary tasks. However, children with TDS significantly outperformed children with PhDis on the two reverse recall tasks. Findings suggest that atypical speech errors are associated with impaired phonological working memory, implicating executive function impairment in specific subtypes of SSD.
Cohort Mortality Study of Capacitor Manufacturing Workers, 1944–2000

A mortality study of workers employed between 1944 and 1977 at an electrical capacitor manufacturing plant where polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), chlorinated naphthalenes, and other chemicals were used was undertaken. Age, gender, and calendar year-adjusted standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated for 2885 white workers. Total mortality and all-cancer mortality were similar to expected in both males and females. Females employed 10 or more years had a significantly elevated SMR of 6.2 for liver/biliary cancer. Intestinal cancer was significantly elevated in females employed 5 or more years after PCBs were introduced (SMR = 2.2). In males, stomach cancer (SMR = 2.2) and thyroid cancer (SMR = 15.2) were significantly elevated. Although individual exposure assessment was limited, PCBs alone or in combination with other chemicals could be associated with increased risks for liver/biliary, stomach, intestinal, and thyroid cancer.
Teacher Professional Development Around the World: The Gap between Evidence and Practice

Many teachers in low- and middle-income countries lack the skills to teach effectively, and professional development (PD) programs are the principal tool that governments use to upgrade those skills. At the same time, few PD programs are evaluated, and those that are evaluated show highly varying results. This paper proposes a set of indicators—the In-Service Teacher Training Survey Instrument—to standardize reporting on teacher PD programs. An application of the instrument to 33 rigorously evaluated PD programs shows that programs that link participation to career incentives, have a specific subject focus, incorporate lesson enactment in the training, and include initial face-to-face training tend to show higher student learning gains. In qualitative interviews, program implementers also report follow-up visits as among the most effective characteristics of their professional development programs. This paper then uses the instrument to present novel data on a sample of 139 government-funded, at-scale professional development programs across 14 countries. The attributes of most at-scale teacher professional development programs differ sharply from those of programs that evidence suggests are effective, with fewer incentives to participate in PD, fewer opportunities to practice new skills, and less follow-up once teachers return to their classrooms.
Religious and Philosophical Exemptions from Vaccination Requirements and Lessons Learned from Conscientious Objectors from Conscription

All jurisdictions in the US require proof of vaccination for school entrance. Most states permit non-medical exemptions. Public health officials must balance the rights of individuals to choose whether or not to vaccinate their children with the individual and societal risks associated with choosing not to vaccinate (i.e., claiming an exemption). To assist the public health community in optimally reaching this balance, this analysis examines the constitutional basis of non-medical exemptions and examines policies governing conscientious objection to conscription as a possible model. The jurisprudence that the US Supreme Court has developed in cases in which religious beliefs conflict with public or state interests suggests that mandatory immunization against dangerous diseases does not violate the First Amendment right to free exercise of religion. Accordingly, states do not have a constitutional obligation to enact religious exemptions. Applying the model of conscientious objectors to conscription suggests that if states choose to offer nonmedical exemptions, they may be able to optimally balance individual freedoms with public good by considering the sincerity of beliefs and requiring parents considering exemptions to attend individual educational counseling.
Group-Invariant Percolation on Graphs by Itai Benjamini

Let G be a closed group of automorphisms of a graph X. We relate geometric properties of G and X, such as amenability and unimodularity, to properties of G-invariant percolation processes on X, such as the number of infinite components, the expected degree, and the topology of the components. Our fundamental tool is a new mass-transport technique that has been occasionally used elsewhere and is developed further here. Perhaps surprisingly, these investigations of group-invariant percolation produce results that are new in the Bernoulli setting. Most notably, we prove that critical Bernoulli percolation on any nonamenable Cayley graph has no infinite clusters. More generally, the same is true for any nonamenable graph with a unimodular transitive automorphism group. We show that G is amenable iff for all α < 1, there is a G-invariant site percolation process ω on X with P[x ∈ ω] > α for all vertices x and with no infinite components. When G is not amenable, a threshold α < 1 appears. An inequality for the threshold in terms of the isoperimetric constant is obtained, extending an inequality of Häggström for regular trees. If G acts transitively on X, we show that G is unimodular iff the expected degree is at least 2 in any G-invariant bond percolation on X with all components infinite. The investigation of dependent percolation also yields some results on automorphism groups of graphs that do not involve percolation. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 60K35, 82B43. Secondary 60D05, 60B99, 20F32.
Single phase residential multilevel inverter using supercapacitor

The single phase residential inverter provide backup power during interruption of supply. The present technology of residential inverter cannot able to provide peak load at the time of starting. This paper presents inverter incorporating supercapacitor. The purpose of connecting supercapacitor along with the battery is to reduce the stress and improve the life of battery. And also provide surge power demand when load is connected at the time of starting. We observed that sinusoidal pulse width modulation provides better result output in harmonic reduction compared to single pulse width modulation. In order obtain above mention objective simulation is carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK.
Non-melanoma Skin Cancer in Canada Chapter 3: Management of Actinic Keratoses

Background Actinic keratosis (AK) and cheilitis (AC) are lesions that develop on photodamaged skin and may progress to form invasive squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Objective To provide guidance to Canadian health care practitioners regarding management of AKs and ACs. Methods Literature searches and development of graded recommendations were carried out as discussed in the accompanying introduction (chapter 1 of the NMSC guidelines). Results Treatment of AKs allows for secondary prevention of skin cancer in sun-damaged skin. Because it is impossible to predict whether a given AK will regress, persist, or progress, AKs should ideally be treated. This chapter discusses options for the management of AKs and ACs. Conclusions Treatment options include surgical removal, topical treatment, and photodynamic therapy. Combined modalities may be used in case of inadequate response. AKs are particularly common following the longterm immunosuppression in organ transplant patients, who should be monitored frequently to identify emerging lesions that require surgery.
Computation experimental DIC hybrid strategy for robust 3D ductile plastic law identification

La validation du modele de reponse globale des echantillons ou des structures presente des lacunes qui peuvent etre surmontes par l'utilisation de techniques de mesure de plein champ. Les techniques de mesure plein champ offrent la possibilite d'acquerir une quantite importante de donnees experimentales qui pourraient etre utiles dans le cadre de l'identification des parametres de la Loi de comportement. Parmi les techniques de mesure de champ complet, le plus populaire est la correlation d'images mono et stereo. Les strategies existantes pour rendre l'utilisation des donnees de plein champ comme la methode de champ virtuel, la methode ecart d'equilibre, la methode de Gap equation Constitutive et la methode de reciprocite ont ete limitees a des applications 2D. Cependant, pour un echantillon d'epaisseur finie, les effets 3D doivent etre remplis. Plus important encore, dans le cas de la plasticite, triaxialite du stress joue un role important. Son effet doit donc etre inscrits dans la modelisation du comportement de la matiere. Ainsi, dans cette these, nous proposons une methode pour identifier les parametres d'une loi de comportement elasto-plastique dans lequel le modele mecanique peut comporter cinematique 3D. La strategie s'est averee etre le bruit robuste, presque independamment de la conjecture de parametre initial et de raffinement de maillage et permet de differencier les modeles de comportement avec la meme reponse globale sur la base de l'erreur de correlation moyenne. L'identification est averee bon pour une ou plusieurs cameras. La validation de la strategie est faite d'acier inoxydable. La reponse globale du deplacement de charge identifie de la strategie avec la correlation d'image mecanique mono et stereo est tres proche des experiences. Enfin, les parametres du materiau ont ete identifies avec l’estimation initial tres differents mais tous convergent vers les memes valeurs finales qui montrent la solidite de la strategie proposee.
Compact planar inverted-F antenna for mobile RF energy scavenging system

With a promising future for generation of electricity to power electronics, RF energy scavenging has become a matter of significant interest in recent years. In this paper, a small-size printed planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) is designed dedicated for compact mobile RF energy scavenging system to extract power from ambient RF energy. The proposed PIFA has its working frequencies at about 900 MHz and 1800 MHz to form lower and upper band that cover GSM 900 and DCS 1800 respectively, yet it only occupies a small printed area of 20×40 mm2 on the system circuit board. Power around -15 dBm is received by proposed antenna at distance of 500m from base station which reveal reasonable performance for RF energy scavenging at moderate distance.
Psychostimulants in Psychiatry

The use of the psychostimulants in psychiatry is reviewed. A brief historical perspective on dextroamphetamine is presented, and a brief review of the psychopharmacology of dextroamphetamine, methylphenidate and magnesium pemoline is given. The literature on the use of stimulants in the treatment of resistant depression, apathetic geriatric patients and patients medically ill with a secondary depression is summarized and two case histories given to illustrate the clinical usefulness of the stimulants. The literature on the use of stimulants as an adjunct to antidepressant therapy and as a diagnostic test is also discussed. Finally the use of stimulants in obsessional illness and adult attention deficit disorder is summarized. The writer concludes by commenting that the stimulants have a very useful role in the treatment of certain categories of depression as well as other psychiatric syndromes and such patients should not be deprived of symptom relief by these drugs. The approach to therapy should be much the same as the use of analgesics for chronic pain sufferers.
Exploring Temperature-Aware Design of Memory Architectures in VLIW Systems

This paper presents a thermal model to analyze the temperature evolution in the shared register files found on VLIW systems. The use of this model allows the analysis of several factors that have an strong impact on the heat transfer: layout topology, placement and memory accesses. Finally, some relevant conclusions are obtained after analyzing the thermal behavior of several multimedia applications.