Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Screening for Hepatitis B Infection in Pregnant Women: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.

Importance The incidence of syphilis and congenital syphilis in the United States has increased after reaching historic lows in the early 2000s. Objective To systematically review literature on the effectiveness and harms of screening for syphilis in pregnancy and the harms of penicillin treatment in pregnancy to inform the US Preventive Services Task Force. Data Sources MEDLINE, PubMed, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for relevant English-language literature, published from January 1, 2008, to June 2, 2017. Ongoing surveillance was conducted through November 22, 2017. Study Selection Studies conducted in countries categorized as “high” or “very high” on the Human Development Index that explicitly addressed 1 of 3 a priori–defined key questions. Data Extraction and Synthesis Independent critical appraisal and data abstraction by 2 reviewers. Data from included studies were narratively synthesized without pooling data. Main Outcomes and Measures Incidence of congenital syphilis; any harms of screening or penicillin treatment in pregnancy. Results Seven studies in 8 publications were included. One observational study evaluated the implementation of syphilis screening in pregnancy in 2 441 237 women in China. From 2002 to 2012, screening for syphilis in all pregnant women increased from 89.8% to 97.2%, and the incidence of congenital syphilis decreased from 109.3 to 9.4 cases per 100 000 live births. Five studies (n = 21 795) evaluated the false-positive findings of treponemal tests and 1 study (n = 318) evaluated the false-negative findings of nontreponemal tests. These studies found that false-positives with treponemal-specific enzyme or chemiluminescent immunoassays were common (46.5%-88.2%), therefore warranting reflexive (automatic confirmatory) testing for all positive test findings. One study (n = 318) found no false-negatives with treponemal tests, and 1 study (n = 139) demonstrated the prozone phenomenon (false-negative response from high antibody titer) with rapid plasma reagin screening using undiluted samples (2.9%). No studies were identified for harms of penicillin in pregnancy. Conclusions and Relevance Screening for syphilis infection in pregnant women is associated with reduced incidence of congenital syphilis, and available evidence supports the need for reflexive testing for positive test results.
Improving self-esteem through integrative group therapy for personality dysfunction: Investigating the role of the therapeutic alliance and quality of object relations.

OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate change in self-esteem through intensive group treatment for personality dysfunction, by exploring: (a) the relationship between patients' experience of therapeutic alliance and improvement in self-esteem during treatment, including patients' quality of object-relations (QOR) as a possible moderator; and (b) the association between improvement in self-esteem during treatment, and depressive symptoms 9 months later. METHOD Eighty patients with personality dysfunction, consecutively enrolled in a group-oriented treatment program, were assessed at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 9 months follow-up. RESULTS Especially for patients with lower QOR, alliance predicted self-esteem change during treatment. In addition, change in self-esteem during treatment predicted follow-up depression severity, even when controlling for within-treatment symptom change. CONCLUSIONS Patients with impoverished inner relational representations may benefit more from a secure alliance in terms of improving their self-esteem. Change in self-esteem may also be important in preventing relapse of depressive symptoms in people with personality dysfunction.
Application of A Disk Migration Module in Virtual Machine live Migration

In the paper, we first analyse the live migration of Kernel based Virtual Machine (KVM), and then implement a Linux virtual disk driver called DM (Disk Migration). During the live migration, KVM will make use of the DM module to migrate the hard disk, so KVM live migration is feasible when there is no shared disk between the source and the destination. The DM module uses "bitmap" algorithm to record disk changes, and uses "request-reply" algorithm to safely migrate the dirty disk blocks, and deploys "pre-copy" algorithm to reduce the downtime of KVM live migration. The experiments show that the downtime of live migration is less than 100ms, which means these algorithms the DM uses can effectively limit the interrupt time of service. Keywords-live migration; virtual disk driver; KVM; DM Most research focuses on migrating only memory and CPU states of the virtual machine assuming that the source and the destination machine can share disk storages. So this kind of live migration can not be used under the circumstance where disk storage sharing is impractical. In order to make the live migration feasible under these circumstances, we propose and implement a Linux virtual disk driver called DM, which is realized as a kernel module. The DM will migrate the whole disk data from the source machine to the destination machine by using the "bitmap" algorithm to track dirty disk blocks during the live migration and using the "pre-copy" algorithm to shorten the interrupt service time, which is also called the downtime, and using the "request-reply" algorithm to migrate dirty disk blocks and deal with the problem of data loss when transmitting on the network. Therefore, when there are no shared disks, the virtual machine monitor can lively migrate the guest OS which means the virtual machine to the peer virtual machine monitor by using this DM module.
Relationship Between Ascending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms Hemodynamics and Biomechanical Properties

<italic>Objective:</italic> Ascending thoracic aortic aneu-rysm (aTAA) is a major cause of human deaths. Despite important recent progress to better understand its pathogenesis and development, the role played by deranged hemodynamics on aTAA risk of rupture is still partially unknown. Our aim was to develop and apply a novel methodology to assess the correlation between aTAA rupture risk and hemodynamic biomarkers combining for the first time <italic>in vivo</italic>, <italic>in vitro</italic>, and <italic>in silico</italic> analyses. <italic>Methods:</italic> Computational fluid dynamic analyses were performed and validated on ten patients using patient-specific data derived from CT scan and four-dimensional MRI. Systolic wall shear stress, time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS), flow eccentricity (Flow<sub>eccentricity</sub>), and helicity intensity (h<sub>2</sub>) were assessed. A bulge inflation test was carried out <italic>in vitro</italic> on the ten aTAA samples resected during surgical repair. The biomechanical and rupture properties of these samples were derived: the burst pressure, the physiological tangent elastic modulus <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$({{{\bf{E}}_{{\bf{physio}}}}})$</tex-math></inline-formula>, the Cauchy stress at rupture <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$({{{\bf{\sigma }}_{{\bf{rupt}}}}})$</tex-math></inline-formula>, the rupture stretch <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$({{{\bf{\lambda }}_{{\bf{rupt}}}}})$</tex-math></inline-formula>, and the rupture stretch criterion <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$({\Upsilon_{\boldsymbol{stretch}}})$</tex-math></inline-formula>. Statistical analysis was performed to determine correlation between all variables. <italic>Results:</italic> Statistically highly significant (p < 0.01) positive correlation between <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${{\bf{\lambda }}_{{\bf{rupt}}}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and the TAWSS (r = 0.867 and p = 0.001) was found. <italic>Conclusion:</italic> This study shows that relatively low TAWSS significantly correlates with reduced rupture properties in aTAAs. <italic>Significance:</italic> Understanding the pathogenesis of aTAA remains crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality. Our aim is to establish possible correlations between aTAA rupture risk and hemodynamic biomarkers by combining for the first time <italic>in vivo</italic>, <italic>in vitro</italic>, and <italic>in silico</italic> analyses.
The Molecular Hallmarks of the Serrated Pathway in Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. It includes different subtypes that differ in their clinical and prognostic features. In the past decade, in addition to the conventional adenoma-carcinoma model, an alternative multistep mechanism of carcinogenesis, namely the “serrated pathway”, has been described. Approximately, 15 to 30% of all CRCs arise from neoplastic serrated polyps, a heterogeneous group of lesions that are histologically classified into three morphologic categories: hyperplastic polyps, sessile serrated adenomas/polyps, and the traditional serrated adenomas/polyps. Serrated polyps are characterized by genetic (BRAF or KRAS mutations) and epigenetic (CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP)) alterations that cooperate to initiate and drive malignant transformation from normal colon mucosa to polyps, and then to CRC. The high heterogeneity of the serrated lesions renders their diagnostic and pathological interpretation difficult. Hence, novel genetic and epigenetic biomarkers are required for better classification and management of CRCs. To date, several molecular alterations have been associated with the serrated polyp-CRC sequence. In addition, the gut microbiota is emerging as a contributor to/modulator of the serrated pathway. This review summarizes the state of the art of the genetic, epigenetic and microbiota signatures associated with serrated CRCs, together with their clinical implications.
Influence of bidirectional perspective on learning routes and spatial layout

ABSTRACT The capacity to remain spatially oriented is an essential function in our day to day lives and it seems that the form in which we acquire the spatial information affects the way in which the spatial knowledge is represented in our memory. The goal of this research was to investigate whether the acquisition of spatial information through the learning of three routes within an immersive environment was improved or impaired when participants have access to the backward perspective in addition to the forward perspective. Results, both in reproduction and drawing tasks, showed a poorer performance of the bidirectional group maybe due to the extra-effort involved in updating the spatial information trial by trial. However it seems that the experience enhanced the performance of the bidirectional group in one respect, as they were able to reduce significantly the number of error directions in the last path.
Recovering Wind-Induced Plant Motion in Dense Field Environments via Deep Learning and Multiple Object Tracking1[CC-BY]

Deep learning combined with multiple object tracking detects ear tips in images and videos of field-grown wheat and can recover simple movement patterns caused by wind. Understanding the relationships between local environmental conditions and plant structure and function is critical for both fundamental science and for improving the performance of crops in field settings. Wind-induced plant motion is important in most agricultural systems, yet the complexity of the field environment means that it remained understudied. Despite the ready availability of image sequences showing plant motion, the cultivation of crop plants in dense field stands makes it difficult to detect features and characterize their general movement traits. Here, we present a robust method for characterizing motion in field-grown wheat plants (Triticum aestivum) from time-ordered sequences of red, green, and blue images. A series of crops and augmentations was applied to a dataset of 290 collected and annotated images of ear tips to increase variation and resolution when training a convolutional neural network. This approach enables wheat ears to be detected in the field without the need for camera calibration or a fixed imaging position. Videos of wheat plants moving in the wind were also collected and split into their component frames. Ear tips were detected using the trained network, then tracked between frames using a probabilistic tracking algorithm to approximate movement. These data can be used to characterize key movement traits, such as periodicity, and obtain more detailed static plant properties to assess plant structure and function in the field. Automated data extraction may be possible for informing lodging models, breeding programs, and linking movement properties to canopy light distributions and dynamic light fluctuation.
Realization of U-Boot booting through NAND Flash

It is not convenient that U-Boot can’t boot through NAND Flash.In this paper,the codes of U-Boot is modified to support that.This paper analyzes two steps of U-Boot and the method of supporting that the U-Boot boots from NAND Flash.Based on the memory characteristics and the physical structure of NAND Flash,this paper adds the codes of NAND Flash in order to carry the codes to SDRAM that stored in the NAND Flash,thus realizes U-Boot boots from NAND Flash.The modified U-Boot runs through NAND Flash straightly,it is a great convenience to the application of U-Boot.
CCN5 Reduces Ligamentum Flavum Hypertrophy by Modulating the TGF‐β Pathway

Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy (LFH) is the most important component of lumbar spinal canal stenosis. Although the pathophysiology of LFH has been extensively studied, no method has been proposed to prevent or treat it. Since the transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) pathway is known to be critical in LFH pathology, we investigated whether LFH could be prevented by blocking or modulating the TGF‐β mechanism. Human LF cells were used for the experiments. First, we created TGF‐β receptor 1 (TGFBR1) knock out (KO) cells with CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 biotechnology and treated them with TGF‐β1 to determine the effects of blocking the TGF‐β pathway. Subsequently, we studied the effect of CCN5, which has recently been proposed to modulate the TGF‐β pathway. To assess the predisposition toward fibrosis, α‐smooth muscle actin (αSMA), fibronectin, collagen‐1, collagen‐3, and CCN2 were evaluated with quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunocytochemistry. The TGFBR1 KO LF cells were successfully constructed with high KO efficiency. In wild‐type (WT) cells, treatment with TGF‐β1 resulted in the overexpression of the messenger RNA (mRNA) of fibrosis‐related factors. However, in KO cells, the responses to TGF‐β1 stimulation were significantly lower. In addition, CCN5 and TGF‐β1 co‐treatment caused a notable reduction in mRNA expression levels compared with TGF‐β1 stimulation only. The αSMA protein expression increased with TGF‐β1 but decreased with CCN5 treatment. TGF‐β1 induced LF cell transdifferentiation from fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. However, this cell transition dramatically decreased in the presence of CCN5. In conclusion, CCN5 could prevent LFH by modulating the TGF‐β pathway. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 37:2634–2644, 2019
Predictable fibroblast tension generation by measuring compaction of anchored collagen matrices using microscopy and optical coherence tomography

ABSTRACT The anchored fibroblast-populated collagen matrix (aFPCM) is an appropriate model to study fibrocontractive disease mechanisms. Our goal was to determine if aFPCM height reduction (compaction) during development is sufficient to predict tension generation. Compaction was quantified daily by both traditional light microscopy and an optical coherence tomography (OCT) system. Contraction in aFPCM was revealed by releasing them from anchorage. We found that aFPCM contraction increase was correlated to the compaction increase. Cytochalasin D treatment reversibly inhibited compaction. Therefore, we demonstrated that aFPCM height reduction efficiently measures compaction, contraction, and relative maturity of the collagen matrix during development or treatment. In addition, we showed that OCT is suitable for effectively imaging the cross-sectional morphology of the aFPCM in culture. This study will pave the way for more efficient studies on the mechanisms of (and treatments that target) migration and contraction in wound healing and Dupuytren’s contracture in a tissue environment.
A Data Transformation Method for Visualizing the Statistical Information based on the Grid

The purpose of this paper is to propose a data transformation method for visualizing the statistical information based on the grid system which has regular shape and size. Grid is better solution than administrator boundary or census block to check the distribution of the statistical information and be able to use as a spatial unit on the map flexibly. On the other hand, we need the additional process to convert the various statistical information to grid if we use the current method which is areal interpolation. Therefore, this paper proposes the 3 steps to convert the various statistical information to grid. 1)Geocoding the statistical information, 2)Converting the spatial information through the defining the spatial relationship, 3)Attribute transformation considering the data scale measurement. This method applies to the population density of Seoul to convert to the grid. Especially, spatial autocorrelation is performed to check the consistency of grid display if the reference data is different for same statistic information. As a result, both distribution of grid are similar to each other when the population density data which is represented by census block and building is converted to grid. Through the result of implementation, it is demonstrated to be able to perform the consistent data conversion based on the proposed method.
Is there any potential anticancer effect of raloxifene and fluoxetine on DMBA‐induced rat breast cancer?

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in the world and the incidence is increasing alarmingly. It was aimed to determine the effect of raloxifene (RAL) and fluoxetine (FLX) on selected parameters in 7,12‐dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)‐induced mammary carcinoma. Thirty‐two female Wistar albino rats were assorted into four groups: DMBA (group I), DMBA+RAL (group II), DMBA+FLX (group III), and DMBA+RAL+FLX (group IV). Mammary tissue vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF), matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9), and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (TIMP‐1) levels were determined by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method. The tissue VEGF levels were lower in group IV compared with DMBA group. Decreased M‐CSF levels were observed in all therapeutic groups rather than the DMBA group, but the most effective decrease was found in group IV. Compared with the DMBA group, MMP‐9 levels were statistically significantly decreased in group II and group IV. However, TIMP‐1 levels were higher in the whole therapeutic groups rather than the DMBA group and the most effective increase was observed in group IV. Results of the present study suggest that combined therapy of RAL with FLX might lead to a better outcome targeting breast tumor.
Effects of policy-driven hypothetical air pollutant interventions on childhood asthma incidence in southern California

Significance Asthma is one of the leading chronic diseases among children, and there is increasing evidence that air pollution plays a role in the development of this disease. We found that had NO2 or PM2.5 concentration in 9 southern Californian communities been lower than observed in the 1990s and early 2000s, there would have been a corresponding reduction in childhood asthma incidence, with larger effect estimates for NO2. Our findings may have implications for air quality regulations, as all communities examined in this study had ambient concentrations well below the current US Environmental Protection Agency annual standard of 53 ppb for NO2. Childhood asthma is a major public health concern and has significant adverse impacts on the lives of the children and their families, and on society. There is an emerging link between air pollution, which is ubiquitous in our environment, particularly in urban centers, and incident childhood asthma. Here, using data from 3 successive cohorts recruited from the same 9 communities in southern California over a span of 20 y (1993 to 2014), we estimated asthma incidence using G-computation under hypothetical air pollution exposure scenarios targeting nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) in separate interventions. We reported comparisons of asthma incidence under each hypothetical air pollution intervention with incidence under the observed natural course of exposure; results that may be more tangible for policymakers compared with risk ratios. Model results indicated that childhood asthma incidence rates would have been statistically significantly higher had the observed reduction in ambient NO2 in southern California not occurred in the 1990s and early 2000s, and asthma incidence rates would have been significantly lower had NO2 been lower than what it was observed to be. For example, compliance with a hypothetical standard of 20 ppb NO2 was estimated to result in 20% lower childhood asthma incidence (95% CI, −27% to −11%) compared with the exposure that actually occurred. The findings for hypothetical PM2.5 interventions, although statistically significant, were smaller in magnitude compared with results for the hypothetical NO2 interventions. Our results suggest a large potential public health benefit of air pollutant reduction in reduced incidence of childhood asthma.
Education Research: An experiential outpatient teleneurology curriculum for residents

Objective Telemedicine is rapidly becoming a major vehicle of delivering neurologic care to patients who have limited access to subspecialists and exaggerated travel hardship. However, neurology residents receive little to no training in telemedicine in outpatient clinics. Methods We piloted, to our knowledge, the first formalized, experiential outpatient teleneurology curriculum. Neurology residents in their third and fourth postgraduate years (PGY3 and PGY4) at the University of California San Francisco completed an interactive lecture and 4 weeks of teleneurology clinics at the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Change in residents' telemedicine knowledge and perspectives on the utility, challenges, benefits, and future practice implementation of teleneurology were evaluated in 11 residents using precurriculum and postcurriculum quizzes and surveys after 2 of 4 weeks on the rotation. Results Residents' performance on quizzes improved from 53% to 88% (p = 0.002). Residents' impression of video visits compared to in-person visits changed, with more individuals indicating video visits to be the same if not somewhat superior with regards to obtaining a focused history, formulating a focused assessment and plan, communicating recommendations, and the overall care provided (p ≤ 0.04). All residents felt more competent using telemedicine for patient care in their eventual career. Conclusion Our formal didactic and clinic-based teleneurology curriculum for neurology residents, which shared core themes suggested by the 2017 American Academy of Neurology Telemedicine Work Group's published recommendations, showed a statistically significant improvement in knowledge and perspectives about the promise and limitations of teleneurology practice, as well as increased comfort levels in future implementation.