Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Differential Transmission Gate Design Flow for Minimum Energy Sub-10-pJ/Cycle ARM Cortex-M0 MCUs

Ultra-low voltage operation is key to achieving energy-efficient operation for microcontroller (MCU) systems. Variation resiliency, high speed operation, and short design time are the most important challenges for these systems. This paper overcomes these challenges in a new design strategy that enables standard cell design with differential transmission gate logic. The commercial toolchain is extended with in-house developed add-ons and makes use of two custom libraries with different device lengths to allow high speed vs. low leakage trade-offs. The design flow is used to prototype two highly efficient 32-bit ARM Cortex-M0 MCU systems in 40-nm CMOS. The core of the first prototype scales down to 190 mV and 0.8-MHz and reaches 16.07 pJ/cycle at 31.2-MHz and 440 mV. The second prototype benefits from the dual libraries and reduces core energy consumption by 50% at the same speed performance. Minimum energy operation is thus achieved at an even lower voltage (370 mV) with the M0 core consuming only 8.80 pJ/cycle at 13.7-MHz, breaking the sub-10-pJ/cycle barrier for a 6–35-MHz range.
A rare case of paradoxical embolism

Cryptogenic stroke represents one third of ischemic strokes, initial work up includes Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), laboratory investigations, Electrocardiogram (ECG) and Echocardiography either transthoracic (TTE) or Transesophageal (TEE). Patent foramen ovale (PFO) which is seen in between 15% and 25% of adults has been identified as a source for cryptogenic ischemic stroke.
Randomized study on the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia secondary to breast cancer, part II: Immunologic effects.

PURPOSE Cross-sectional studies suggest that clinical insomnia is associated with immune downregulation. However, there is a definite need for experimental studies on this question. The goal of this randomized controlled study was to assess the effect of an 8-week cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for chronic insomnia on immune functioning of breast cancer survivors. Previous analyses of this study showed that CBT was associated with improved sleep and quality of life, and reduced psychological distress. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty-seven women with chronic insomnia secondary to breast cancer were randomly assigned to CBT (n = 27) or to a waiting-list control condition (WLC; n = 30). Peripheral-blood samples were taken at baseline and post-treatment (and postwaiting for WLC patients), as well as at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up for immune measures, including enumeration of blood cell counts (ie, WBCs, monocytes, lymphocytes, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD16+/CD56+) and cytokine production (ie, interleukin-1-beta [IL-1beta] and interferon gamma [IFN-gamma]). RESULTS Patients treated with CBT had higher secretion of IFN-gamma and lower increase of lymphocytes at post-treatment compared with control patients. Pooled data from both treated groups indicated significantly increased levels of IFN-gamma and IL-1beta from pre- to post-treatment. In addition, significant changes in WBCs, lymphocytes, and IFN-gamma were found at follow-up compared with post-treatment. CONCLUSION This study provides some support to the hypothesis of a causal relationship between clinical insomnia and immune functioning. Future studies are needed to investigate the clinical impact of such immune alterations.
Marketing Youth Services

A marketing orientation to service planning offers youth services professionals marketing techniques that are especially useful for designing effective programs, collections, and services. Market segmentation research is a valuable method for determining customer needs. The marketing mix-the four P's of product, place, price, and promotion-provides a useful framework for analyzing the effectiveness of the services of the library. Youth services can have a strong positive effect on the library's position in the community, helping to build a loyal customer base and future library users.
Redirective labels and early vocabulary development*

ABSTRACT Parents' object labels can be distinguished by whether the child is already attending to the object (follow-in) or not (lead-in). Lead-in labels have been found to be associated with low vocabulary. The current study examines whether the relation between lead-in labels and child vocabulary is influenced by whether the child's attention is redirected. Eighteen mother–infant dyads were videotaped at 1 ; 2, 1 ; 6 and 1 ; 10. Results indicate that parents' use of successful lead-in labels is positively correlated with children's vocabulary, whereas use of unsuccessful labels is negatively correlated. Finally, use of gesture is associated with the redirective success of lead-in labels.
The effects of different varieties of rapeseed oil on weight gain, and of golden rapeseed oil on reproduction, of the rat.

Rapeseed oil of the Polish, Golden, or Swedish varieties, corn oil, or mixtures of corn oil and ethyl erucate were fed to weanling rats of the Wistar strain for 9 weeks. Weight gains were inversely related to the content of erucic acid in the diet, confirming previous indications that the growth retarding effect of rapeseed oil is due to its erucic acid. In general, the differences in weight gains could be explained by the effect of rapeseed oil on food consumption.Golden rapeseed oil and corn oil were compared in a reproduction study involving three litters of one generation. Although the young of rats fed rapeseed oil were of lesser weanling weight, there was no difference in the number of animals successfully weaned.
Analysis of the B7 costimulatory pathway in allograft rejection.

BACKGROUND Blockade of the B7/CD28 costimulation pathway with the fusion protein, CTLA4-Ig, has been shown to prolong allograft survival in numerous rodent models, suggesting that this pathway is functionally important in the allograft rejection response. This pathway is complex and consists of at least the B7-1, B7-1a, B7-1cyt II, and B7-2 molecules on the antigen-presenting cell and CD28 and CTLA4 molecules on the T cell. METHODS The intragraft transcript expression of the B7 molecules and their counterreceptors was defined using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in the vascularized mouse cardiac allograft model. In addition, the functional significance of these molecules was investigated both in vitro in the mixed leukocyte response (MLR) and in vivo in the vascularized mouse cardiac allograft model. RESULTS Intragraft expression of B7-1, B7-1a, B7-1cyt II, B7-2, CD28, and CTLA4 transcripts is up-regulated in allografts when compared with both normal untransplanted hearts and syngeneic transplants at between 5 and 12 days after transplant. Both anti-B7-1 and anti-B7-2 monoclonal antibodies alone inhibited T-cell proliferation in the MLR, however, equivalent maximal inhibition was obtained by a combination of these agents or by CTLA4-Ig. Likewise, in the mouse cardiac allograft model, both anti-B7-1 and anti-B7-2 modestly prolonged graft survival. However, an increased survival was obtained with either a combination of anti-B7-1 and anti-B7-2 or CTLA4-Ig. Blockade of the B7/CD28 pathway in the MLR using T cells from CD28 knockout mice had no effect on the proliferative response. Likewise, blockade of the B7/CD28 pathway did not effect the rate of rejection of cardiac allografts by CD28 knockout recipients. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that both B7-1 and B7-2 have an important role in allograft rejection in the mouse vascularized cardiac allograft model.
MSX1, PAX9, and TGFA Contribute to Tooth Agenesis in Humans

In this study, we sought to determine the association between tooth agenesis and DNA sequence variation in the genes MSX1 and PAX9 in an ethnically diverse human population. Since cleft lip/palate is also associated with both tooth agenesis and the gene TGFA, we included TGFA in the analysis as well. Cheek swab samples were obtained for DNA analysis from 116 case/parent trios. Probands had at least one developmentally missing tooth, excluding third molars. Genotyping was performed by single-strand conformational polymorphism or kinetic polymerase chain-reaction assays. Transmission distortion of the marker alleles and DNA sequence analysis was performed. Results showed that tooth agenesis is associated with markers of the genes MSX1 and TGFA. No mutations were found in MSX1 or PAX9 coding regions. There were statistically significant data suggesting that MSX1 interacts with PAX9. These findings suggest that MSX1, PAX9, and TGFA play a role in isolated dental agenesis.
Functional Analysis of the Roles of Posttranslational Modifications at the p53 C Terminus in Regulating p53 Stability and Activity

ABSTRACT Posttranslational modification of the tumor suppressor p53 plays important roles in regulating its stability and activity. Six lysine residues at the p53 C terminus can be posttranslationally modified by various mechanisms, including acetylation, ubiquitination, neddylation, methylation, and sumoylation. Previous cell line transfection studies show that ubiquitination of these lysine residues is required for ubiquitin-dependent degradation of p53. In addition, biochemical and cell line studies suggested that p53 acetylation at the C terminus might stabilize p53 and activate its transcriptional activities. To investigate the physiological functional outcome of these C-terminal modifications in regulating p53 stability and activity, we introduced missense mutations (lysine to arginine) at the six lysine residues (K6R) into the endogenous p53 gene in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. The K6R mutation prevents all posttranslational modifications at these sites but conserves the structure of p53. In contrast to conclusions of previous studies, analysis of p53 stability in K6R ES cells, mouse embryonic fibroblasts, and thymocytes showed normal p53 stabilization in K6R cells both before and after DNA damage, indicating that ubiquitination of these lysine residues is not required for efficient p53 degradation. However, p53-dependent gene expression was impaired in K6R ES cells and thymocytes in a promoter-specific manner after DNA damage, indicating that the net outcome of the posttranslational modifications at the C terminus is to activate p53 transcriptional activities after DNA damage.
Immune Activation and Suppression by Group B Streptococcus in a Murine Model of Urinary Tract Infection

ABSTRACT Group B streptococcus (GBS) is a common commensal of the gastrointestinal and vaginal mucosa and a leading cause of serious infections in newborns, the elderly, and immunocompromised populations. GBS also causes infections of the urinary tract. However, little is known about host responses to GBS urinary tract infection (UTI) or GBS virulence factors that participate in UTI. Here we describe a novel murine model of GBS UTI that may explain some features of GBS urinary tract association in the human host. We observed high titers and heightened histological signs of inflammation and leukocyte recruitment in the GBS-infected kidney. However, extensive inflammation and leukocyte recruitment were not observed in the bladder, suggesting that GBS may suppress bladder inflammation during cystitis. Acute GBS infection induced the localized expression of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1α (IL-1α), macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), MIP-1β, and IL-9, as well as IL-10, more commonly considered an anti-inflammatory cytokine. Using isogenic GBS strains with different capsule structures, we show that capsular sialic acid residues contribute to GBS urinary tract pathogenesis, while high levels of sialic acid O-acetylation attenuate GBS pathogenesis in the setting of UTI, particularly in direct competition experiments. In vitro studies demonstrated that GBS sialic acids participate in the suppression of murine polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) bactericidal activities, in addition to reducing levels of IL-1α, tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL-1β, MIP-1α, and KC produced by PMNs. These studies define several basic molecular and cellular events characterizing GBS UTI in an animal model, showing that GBS participates simultaneously in the activation and suppression of host immune responses in the urinary tract.
External Iliac Vein Stenosis Owing to Prolonged Cycling

Prolonged cycling has previously been associated with external iliac artery stenosis, termed “cyclists' iliac syndrome. ” However, no association between external iliac vein stenoses and cycling has been previously described. We describe a unique case of a 70-year-old cyclist presenting with an iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis owing to an external iliac vein stenosis. This is the first case of a potential association between cycling and iliac vein stenosis. Further study and follow-up will be required to assess whether angioplasty and stenting is the optimal method of therapy for iliac vein stenoses owing to cycling.
The hypothesis generating machine.

"The notion that mice can be generated spontaneously from bundles of old clothes is so delightfully whimsical that it is easy to see why men were loath to abandon it. One could accept such accidents in a topsy-turvy universe without trying to decide what transformation of buckles into bones and shoe buttons into eyes had taken place. One could take life as a kind of. magic. when it appeared, beady-eyed and bustling, under the laundry in the back room. "1
The Use of Airway Pressure Release Ventilation and Open Lung Management for Improving the Outcome of Lung Procurement for Transplantation

One of the most difficult organs to procure for donation is the lung. A detailed understanding of the physiology of mechanical ventilation and its effect on donor lungs is needed to impact on the outcome of lung transplantation. An organized protocol for mechanical ventilation management of the organ donor using the Open Lung Model may positively affect the number of organs that can be procured, and the function of these organs post transplant. Based on physiologic principles, the use of new modes of ventilation may affect the modulation of cytokines, decrease the transmigration of organisms into the donor lung, and preserve surfactant function in that lung. Therefore, we have developed a protocol guided by physiologic-based parameters and airway pressure release ventilation (APRV), with ongoing feedback from an advanced respiratory care team to manage donor patients closely.
IL-2 Producing Memory CD4+ T Lymphocytes Are Closely Associated with the Generation of IgG-Secreting Plasma Cells1

The role of specific CD4+ T cell subsets in the induction of humoral immune responses in humans is largely unknown. In this study, the generation of hepatitis B surface Ag-specific CD4+ T lymphocytes following vaccination was closely monitored and characterized at the single-cell level. The appearance and absolute numbers of hepatitis B surface Ag-specific IL-2 producing effector memory CD4+ T lymphocytes was solely and tightly related to Ab titers reached. This relation remained present many years after vaccination. Subsequently, a relation was found between Ab titers and number of IL-2 producing memory CD4+ T lymphocytes for various other Ags. These observations matched the findings of an in vitro assay, using different T cell subsets to induce B cell differentiation into IgG-producing plasma cells. By depleting for IL-2 producing memory T cells, we demonstrated that these cells are important for B cell differentiation into IgG-producing plasma cells. Finally, blocking the action of IL-2 with an IL-2R-α Ab inhibited the differentiation of B lymphocytes into IgG-producing plasma cells. Based on these findings, we conclude that the development of Ag-specific IL-2-producing memory T cells appears to be essential for the development of IgG-secreting plasma cells in humans.
Microvascular angioadaptation after endurance training with l‐arginine supplementation in rat heart and hindleg muscles

This study was designed to examine whether dietary l‐arginine supplementation modulates exercise‐induced angiogenesis and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in female Wistar rats. Exercise training (running) lasted for 6 weeks at 25 m min−1 on a 20% gradient for 10–60 min day−1. Rats in the l‐arginine‐treated groups drank water containing 4%l‐arginine. Histochemical identification of capillary profiles showed that training with l‐arginine significantly increased the capillary/fibre (C/F) ratio in the subendocardium of the left ventricle, whereas training alone did not. Because of a significantly higher fibre cross‐sectional area, a concomitant, but not significant, decrease in capillary density was also observed. In the hindleg muscles, training with l‐arginine significantly increased the C:F ratio, although the degree of change was the same as that observed after training alone. Western blot analysis showed that training with l‐arginine significantly increased VEGF protein expression by 1.7‐fold in the left ventricle, while the increase with training alone was insignificant. In the soleus muscle, although VEGF protein expression was elevated insignificantly after training (2.8‐fold), training with l‐arginine significantly increased the protein levels (3.8‐fold). Tissue endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein levels did not changed after either training or l‐arginine treatment. The present results suggest that l‐arginine supplementation causes additional effects on exercise‐induced angiogenesis in the rat heart by promoting VEGF expression.
Empirically Derived Subtypes of Full and Subthreshold Anorexia Nervosa in Adolescent Females: Understanding General Psychopathology and Treatment Implications

The aim of this study was to derive clinically relevant subtypes of anorexia nervosa (AN) and subthreshold AN using general psychopathology variables and to determine how they differ on eating pathology. Participants were 39 adolescent females aged 13 to 18 years, diagnosed with AN or subthreshold AN. Cluster analysis revealed two subtypes that differed significantly in eating pathology. Cluster 1 patients were typically underweight with no clinical elevations on eating or psychopathology measures. Cluster 2 patients were mostly of healthy weight with greater eating and psychological problems. Findings allow clinicians to classify and understand AN beyond diagnostic criteria, and implement interventions that consider presentation beyond eating pathology.
Self-organized bimetallic Ag–Co nanoparticles with tunable localized surface plasmons showing high environmental stability and sensitivity

We demonstrate a promising synthesis route based on pulsed laser dewetting of bilayer films (Ag and Co) to make bimetallic nanoparticle arrays. By combining experiment and theory we establish a parameter space for the independent control of composition and diameter for the bimetallic nanoparticles. As a result, physical properties, such as the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), that depend on particle size and composition can be readily tuned over a wavelength range one order of magnitude greater than for pure Ag nanoparticles. The LSPR detection sensitivity of the bimetallic nanoparticles with narrow size distribution was found to be high—comparable with pure Ag (∼60 nm/RIU). Moreover, they showed significantly higher long-term environmental stability over pure Ag.
In the era of digital medicine: Using technologies to restore functional movement in neurological patients. #Walking over disabilities

1 *Address for correspondence: Dr. Paolo Milia, Prosperius Institute, Neurorehabilitation and Robotic Area, University of Perugia, Umbertide, Perugia, Italy. E‐mail: paolo.milia@prosperiustiberino.it The recovery of patients affected by central nervous system (CNS) lesion is like a learning process exploiting preserved sensorimotor circuits. The best recovery is related by providing appropriate proprioceptive input to the spinal cord with the goal of maximally engaging preserved neural circuits. The extent of recovery depends on the severity of CNS damage and the individual capacity of a patient to regain a function. [2] Cognition and motivation are important contributors to this learning and must, therefore, be considered during rehabilitation. However, first of all, we need to understand that the goal of rehabilitation is not exclusively to reestablish “normal” movement patterns but to enable well-organized movements to achieve optimal outcome in mobility and independence during activities of daily living (ADL) for the individual patient. [3] “Lo scopo dell’arte medica è la salute, il fine ottenerla”
Citizens4Citizens: mapping participatory practices on the internet

Many important forms of public participation take place in interactions between citizens. Studying these interactions is crucial for understanding e‑governance, defined as steering in the public domain. The new forms of public participations can be labeled Citizens2Citizens interactions (C2C). Citizens use the Internet to facilitate policy participation (meant to support or undermine government policies), political participation (directed at influencing political decision‑making and agenda‑setting) and social participation (to increase social capital). Attention for these forms of digital participation coincides with the rise of a new set of Web applications which are grouped under the label 'Web 2.0'. This paper is an attempt to conceptualize and categorize the wide variety of types and forms of C2C to provide a basis for a further development of this new research field. We do not claim that our exploration will lead to a final and complete description of C2C; we merely aim to present an overview of the diversity of forms of C2C initiatives that are taking place in the digital world. The argument we are putting forward is that new technologies offer new venues for participating and that these new practices will constitute both a replication of and an addition to existing offline practices of public participation. Our explorative research of C2C initiatives results in a map of political, policy and social participation. This map of C2C initiatives can provide insights in the variety of Internet practices and help subsequent researches in their selection of initiatives for in‑depth studies. Additionally, our research results in an exploration of the implications the analyzed initiatives can have for participation in the public sector.