Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GCDFP-15 STAINING IN BREAST CARCINOMA

Background: Gross cystic disease fluid protein (GCDFP-15) is considered a specific and somewhat sensitive marker of breast carcinomas in general, with rates of immunoreactivity reported to range from 52 to 77%. Aims: To evaluate the rate of positivity of GCDFP-15 in breast carcinoma. Methods: Whole tissue sections of 22 breast carcinomas were stained with GCDFP-15 antibody. Samples included 17 primary ductal carcinomas, two lobular breast carcinomas, and three metastatic breast carcinomas. Results: Positive cytoplasmic staining was seen in 40% (9/22) breast carcinomas, 36% (7/19) of primary breast carcinomas, and 66% (2/3) metastatic breast carcinomas. In the majority of cases staining intensity was weak to moderate, and the proportion of carcinoma cells staining ranged from 5–90%. Discussion: In our study, the positive rate of GCDFP-15 in breast carcinoma was only 40%. Our data do not support high sensitivity of GCDFP-15 in breast carcinoma, thus limiting the practical utility of this marker. However, results confirm previous reports of more frequent expression in metastatic breast cancers compared with primary cancers. GCDFP-15 expression may be associated with metastasis in general, or breast carcinoma subtypes prone to metastasis.
Heart failure and limit to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy: Lessons from autopsies

Objective: An overworked ventricle faces a limit to hypertrophy; it cannot be forced to a size appropriate for a horse, and this effect needs an explanation. Methods: The data file analyzed here was generated by merging two series of cases, (1) dynamic left ventricle (LV) dimensions abstracted from published echocardiographic reports (Clin) and (2) myocyte transverse size measured in postmortem hearts (Path) (excluding ischemic, valvular, and assorted uncommon conditions). Results: With increasing volume overload from growth and obesity stroke work and LV chamber diameter increased up to impossible limits where three effects were noted: (1) Progressively declining systolic sarcomere excursion approached the limit of zero contraction when systolic sarcomere length drew equal to diastolic length. (2) Midwall stress rose to exceed the known capability for isolated myofibrils to generate maximal isometric stress. (3) Endocardial fractional shortening declined to reach an impossible minimum. Conclusions: When systolic heart failure is provoked by volume overload it should be feasible to test these hypotheses: (1) The limits to hypertrophy may be imposed by left ventricle geometry constrained by a fixed number of myocytes. (2) After reaching these limits, only then might contractile weakening supervene. stenosis 4, stenosis 1,
Assessing the Accuracy of Paleodischarge Estimates for Rivers on Mars

Estimates of river paleodischarges have been used to constrain the former climate of Mars. Paleodischarge has been calculated using mechanistic approximations of the channel bed‐shear stress at the threshold of particle motion or correlative width‐discharge relations derived from empirical terrestrial hydraulic geometry data. We apply both these methods to a study set of gaged terrestrial rivers with field‐measured bankfull properties to assess the reliability of discharge estimates given similar uncertainties as ancient martian rivers. We find that the threshold method yields conservative values, provided a reasonable grain size is used. However, we find that digital elevation models of a similar resolution to those constructed from Context Camera (CTX) data may not be of sufficient resolution to be useful for estimating paleohydrologic conditions. Results from our analysis demonstrate the inherent uncertainties when approximating paleodischarges on Mars and stress the need to consider realistic boundary conditions when determining such values.
Daily Total Wind Energy Estimation by Using Weather Condition 

Estimation of the generated wind power is one of the tasks for wind power plant (WPP) companies and these estimations are sent to electricity management system to schedule the electric power plants. There is a transaction trend from traditional carbon-based generation to renewable electricity generation due to their environmental impact. While the generation of energy by traditional methods can be easily controlled, it is not possible to control the generation from renewable sources, because it depends on nature. This uncertainty of the power which will be generated is a disturbing factor for the generation/consumption balance of electricity. In this study, the daily total wind energy estimation is presented for two wind power plants which are in Turkey. While humidity, air pressure, temperature, wind speed, wind direction, season and historical energy generations are selected the system inputs, daily generated wind energy is the output. Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is considered as forecast method. The normalised mean absolute error (NMAE) values of WPP1 and WPP2 are found as 13.75% and 10.23%, respectively.
Protein Nutrition and Mineral Absorption

A solution to get the problem off, have you found it? Really? What kind of solution do you resolve the problem? From what sources? Well, there are so many questions that we utter every day. No matter how you will get the solution, it will mean better. You can take the reference from some books. And the protein nutrition and mineral absorption is one book that we really recommend you to read, to get more solutions in solving this problem.
A Joint Analysis of GPS Displacement and GRACE Geopotential Data for Simultaneous Estimation of Geocenter Motion and Gravitational Field

Gravitational potential data from GRACE are being used to study mass redistribution within and between the atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, and solid Earth. The GRACE data are made available in a reference frame with its origin at the center of mass of the Earth system (geocenter) while many other geophysical models and data sets refer to a reference frame attached to the Earth's surface. Changes in the offset between these reference frames (geocenter motion) must be accounted for when GRACE data are used to quantify surface mass changes. In this study, we developed a technique for co‐estimation of geocenter motion and gravitational potential field seamlessly from degree 1 to 90 by simultaneously inverting a set of globally‐distributed GPS displacement time series and the temporally‐varying GRACE gravity data. We found that the effect of geocenter motion was evident particularly in the GPS time series of horizontal displacements. Our estimates of geocenter motion are most consistent with the Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) results within 1 mm in X and Z components and a submillimeter in Y component, when compared to monthly variability averaged over the period of 2003–2016. The overall magnitude of the degree‐1 (l = 1) surface mass load is estimated to be ~3 cm in equivalent water height annually migrating south‐westward from Europe (December–January) to the South Pacific (June–July). Our results also show that dense GPS network data improve water storage recovery in major river basins in the United States and Europe by contributing significantly to the recovery of higher‐degree (l ≥ ~20) geopotential coefficients.
Adoption and Intensification factors of rice Production in Rwanda

This study sought to assess adoption and intensification factors of rice production in Rwanda. Specifically, the study examined adoption factors, intensification factors and productivity factors of rice production in Rwanda. The study used descriptive cross-sectional design and a population including rice farmers and non rice farmers in Kirehe district, in Rwanda. The study used cluster sampling methods and a sample size included 492 respondents. Data were collected using observation, questionnaires. Data collected were compiled and analysed using mainly Statistical Parameters of Social Sciences (SPSS) packages. Data analysis techniques included Factor Analysis using the Principle Component Analysis methodology, Logistic Regression Model to assess the likelihood of the farmers to adopt or intensify rice and Cobb-Douglas Production Model was also applied to find the relationship between production and its factors labor and capital. e findings of the study show that the most significant factors which are likely to contribute to the adoption were the following: grouping into cooperatives, marshlands exploitation and food security among six factors tested. While the most significant factors which are likely to contribute to intensification are extension services, utilities, and seeds availability among nine other factors tested. Finally, findings showed that productivity factors such as labour and capital contribute significantly to rice production. The study recommends to the Government of Rwanda to support smallholder farmers in intensification of rice production by improving skills, inputs and technology related to rice production.
eHealth to support cancer survivors: development, implementation and evaluation of an interactive portal

Many cancer survivors suffer from physical and psychosocial problems due to cancer itself and cancer treatment. Patient empowerment and eHealth offer opportunities to support cancer survivors. This thesis describes the development, implementation and evaluation of MijnAVL, an eHealth application. MijnAVL is an interactive portal that provides personal information and advice and has been developed in the Netherlands Cancer Institute (Antoni van Leeuwenhoek). The stepwise development consisted of literature review, focus groups, interviews and usability tests. Both cancer survivors and health professionals were involved to make sure that MijnAVL would fulfill their needs as much as possible. MijnAVL is available for breast and lung cancer survivors who are being or were treated with curative intent. The portal consists of: 1) tailored patient education; 2) overview of appointments in the hospital; 3) access to parts of the medical record; 4) patient-reported outcomes and feedback; 5) tailored physical activity advice; and 6) telemonitoring and online training (lung cancer survivors with surgery only). To evaluate the use of, experiences with and the preliminary efficacy of MijnAVL, a pilot study including 129 breast and lung cancer survivors was conducted. Participants first completed a questionnaire about their expectations of MijnAVL and about patient empowerment, quality of life and physical activity. Subsequently they could use MijnAVL noncommitally for four months and afterwards they completed a questionnaire about their experiences. Log-data were collected retrospectively. Participants rated MijnAVL with 7.7 on average and the overview of appointments was used most frequently. Access to the medical record did not or hardly lead to feelings of anxiety in most participants; this was contradictory to the expectations of health professionals. Additionally, participants indicated to have more knowledge and to feel more in control regarding their health status. The results demonstrate that MijnAVL is a feasible eHealth application for breast and lung cancer survivors and have contributed to the implementation of MijnAVL for all cancer survivors of the Antoni van Leeuwenhoek.
A Modeling Study of the Severe Afternoon Thunderstorm Event at Taipei on 14 June 2015: The Roles of Sea Breeze, Microphysics, and Terrain

On 14 June 2015, a severe afternoon thunderstorm event developed within the Taipei basin, which produced intense rainfall (with rainfall rate of 131 mm h-1) and urban-scale flooding. Cloud-resolving simulations using the WRF model were performed to capture reasonably well the onset of see breeze, the development and evolution of this afternoon thunderstorm system. The WRF model had four nested grids (with the finest grid size of 0.5 km) in the horizontal and 55 layers in the vertical to explicitly resolve the deep convection over complex terrain. It is found that convection was initiated by sea breeze at foothill and by upslope wind at mountain peak, respectively. Convective available potential energy (CAPE) was increased from 800 to 3200 J kg-1 with abundant moisture transport by the sea breeze from 08 to 12 LST, fueling large thermodynamic instability for the development of afternoon thunderstorm. Strong convergence between sea breeze and cold-air outflow triggered further development of intense convection, resulting in heavy rainfall over Taipei city. Microphysics sensitivity experiments show that evaporative cooling played a major role in the propagation of cold-air outflow and the production of heavy rainfall within basin plain (terrain height < 100 m), while melting cooling played a minor role. The terrain-removal experiment indicates that the local topography of Mount Datun at coastal region may produce the channel effect through Danshui River Valley, intensify sea-breeze circulation and transport more moisture. This terrain-induced modification of sea breeze circulation made its dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics more favorable for convection development, resulting in stronger afternoon thunderstorm system with heavier rainfall within the Taipei City.
Multiscale Modeling and Simulation of Erosive Wear in Pelton Turbines

Hydropower has been identified as a key technology to mitigate climate change due to its very low lifecycle greenhouse gas emission intensity and its capacity to integrate intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind and solar into the electrical grid. One of the problems that limits a wider adoption of hydropower is the erosive wear that hydraulic turbines are subject to when operated under sediment-laden water; it entails efficiency degradation, outage for expensive repairs and an augmented risk of cavitation. This problem is bound to become increasingly important due to the expected deployment of hydropower on young geological formations such as the Himalayas and the Andes, and the increased sediment yield caused by retreating glaciers around the globe. The technical capacity to predict the erosion process of prototype-scale machines is instrumental to the optimization of the runner designs and the operation strategies of hydroelectric plants. However, this technical capacity is lacking: neither laboratory experiments nor traditional numerical simulations are capable of delivering quantitative predictions. Whereas the reduced-scale experimental results are not transposable to prototype-scale due to an inherent non-similarity regarding the erosion conditions, traditional numerical models rely on uncertain erosion correlations that decidedly compromise their accuracy. The difficulty of simulating the erosion process is explained by its multiscale character: it is a very gradual modification of large surfaces, yet it is the consequence of trillions of ephemeral impacts by microscopic sediments. Traditional numerical models confront this problem by neglecting the simulation of the sediment impacts altogether, instead settling for the use of erosion correlations that define the amount of mass removed by any given impact, but sacrificing accuracy and transferability in the process. This thesis presents a novel multiscale model of erosion that bypasses the need for erosion correlations by explicitly simulating the sediment impacts, without sacrificing the scope to simulate the long-term erosion process of an industrial-scale component. The proposed model is composed of two sequentially coupled submodels: the microscale model describes the particle impacts with all the detail required to accurately capture the high strain rate thermomechanical process involved; the macroscale model describes the turbulent sediment transport and the accumulation of erosion on the domain of interest. A projective integration scheme is used together with the multiscale model to simulate the long-term transformation of the surface and its effects on the hydrodynamics and subsequently on the erosion rate.
The Impact of Homelessness in Social Vulnerability Assessment: A Case Study of Austin, Texas

Among existing research on social vulnerability, virtually no studies have considered homelessness as a variable in their vulnerability assessments. This study identified the relevance of homelessness as a key index in social vulnerability assessment to inform the public, policymakers and the broader body of literature of its impacts on shaping vulnerability patterns in cities. In this study, the 2018 Homeless data for Austin was disaggregated from the council district level to block group level using dasymetric mapping in Geographic Information System (GIS). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to group highly correlated demographic and socioeconomic variables into factors, which were normalized and summed to model social vulnerability with homeless index (SOVI_H) and without homeless index (SOVI) for each Austin Blockgroup. The result revealed significant differences in geographic patterns between SOVI_H and SOVI. SOVI_H showed hotspots of vulnerabilities in Downtown and East-Austin neighborhoods, depicting a slight shift of social vulnerability westwards of the city. This finding differs from past results of social vulnerabilities in Austin where it used to be predominant in the East. This study showed that incorporating homelessness in identifying social vulnerability can help researchers and other associated organizations identify the most vulnerable groups when conducting social vulnerability assessments.
Species Richness and Taxonomic Distinctness of Zooplankton in Ponds and Small Lakes from Albania and North Macedonia: The Role of Bioclimatic Factors

Resolving the contribution to biodiversity patterns of regional-scale environmental drivers is, to date, essential in the implementation of effective conservation strategies. Here, we assessed the species richness S and taxonomic distinctness Δ+ (used a proxy of phylogenetic diversity) of crustacean zooplankton assemblages from 40 ponds and small lakes located in Albania and North Macedonia and tested whether they could be predicted by waterbodies’ landscape characteristics (area, perimeter, and altitude), together with local bioclimatic conditions that were derived from Wordclim and MODIS databases. The results showed that a minimum adequate model, including the positive effects of non-arboreal vegetation cover and temperature seasonality, together with the negative influence of the mean temperature of the wettest quarter, effectively predicted assemblages’ variation in species richness. In contrast, taxonomic distinctness did not predictably respond to landscape or bioclimatic factors. Noticeably, waterbodies’ area showed a generally low prediction power for both S and Δ+. Additionally, an in-depth analysis of assemblages’ species composition indicated the occurrence of two distinct groups of waterbodies characterized by different species and different precipitation and temperature regimes. Our findings indicated that the classical species-area relationship hypothesis is inadequate in explaining the diversity of crustacean zooplankton assemblages characterizing the waterbodies under analysis. In contrast, local bioclimatic factors might affect the species richness and composition, but not their phylogenetic diversity, the latter likely to be influenced by long-term adaptation mechanisms.
Improving fertiliser nitrogen recovery and mitigating nitrous oxide emissions from intensive vegetable cropping systems in South East Queensland

This thesis is a study into the efficacy of cropping methods Australian vegetable growers can adopt to increase nitrogen fertiliser efficiency, reduce nitrogen fertiliser application rates and reduce nitrous oxide emissions. The experiment, conducted in the Lockyer Valley (South East Queensland, Australia) investigated the utilization of the DMPP and Piadin nitrification inhibitors to achieve these research objectives. Outcomes from this research will help growers to reduce nitrogen fertiliser application rates and reduce greenhouse gas emissions without reducing yields.
THE AEROSOLS OPTICAL PROPERTIES INVESTIGATION DURING THE DUST POLLUTION

Abstract. At present, the air environment in China is characterized by complex pollution. In this paper, the pollutant sources, transport paths and aerosol optical properties during the dust pollution was conducted to analyse based on ground-based lidar, space-borne sensor and atmospheric transmission model. Firstly, the NMMB/BSC-Dust model, the VIIRS-Suomi NPP date and HYSPLIT were carried out to analyse the dust transport paths and the dust particle size, and then the concentration of particles was analysed. Finally, the optical properties of aerosol particles in the dust weather were studied. During the formation of this weather, there is high dust in the Gobi and Taklamakan deserts. With the influence of wind direction, the dust moves from north to south, and the dust load significantly increased in southern China. Dust at the low altitude is generally transported from the Taklamakan Desert, while dust at the high altitude is generally transported from the Gobi Desert. The hourly average change of PM10 is from 36 μg/m3 to 818 μg/m3, while the hourly average change of PM2.5 is from 15 μg/m3 to 197 μg/m3. The dust was the main cause of the pollution weather. In this study, the formation process of the dust pollution revealed which can be used to provide guidance for government for the prevention work of dust pollution.
Effective Rheology Across the Fragmentation Transition for Sea Ice and Ice Shelves

Sea ice and ice shelves can be described by a viscoelastic rheology that is approximately linear elastic and brittle at high strain rates and viscously shear thinning at low strain rates. Brittle ice easily fractures under compressive shear and forms shear bands as the material undergoes a transition to a fragmented, granular state. This transition plays a central role in the mechanical behavior at large scales of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean or Antarctic ice shelves. Here we demonstrate that the fragmentation transition is characterized by an essentially discontinuous drop of three to five orders of magnitude in effective viscosity and stress relaxation time. Beyond the fragmentation transition, grinding in shear zones further reduces both effective viscosity and shear stiffness, but with an essentially constant relaxation time of ∼10 s. These results are relevant for ice rheology implementation in large‐scale climate‐related models of sea ice and thin ice shelves.
Experimental evaluation of the cooling and heating dynamics for a vertical ventilation concept in a generic car cabin

A low-momentum ceiling-based ventilation concept is compared to dashboard ventilation in a full-scale generic car cabin (GCC). The dimensions of the cabin correspond to the interior of a typical mid-size car. To provide different boundary conditions, representing winter and summer, the GCC is equipped with a jacket cooling/heating. Thermal manikins simulate the heat release and the obstruction of passengers. With the objective to verify the thermal comfort and the global heat transport characteristics in the GCC, the velocities as well as the air and surface temperatures are recorded. In the present study, the cooling and heating dynamics of the low-momentum ceiling ventilation are examined and compared to a simplified dashboard ventilation with regard to thermal comfort and heating/cooling efficiency. It is found that the cooling and heating dynamics of the low-momentum ventilation differ significantly in comparison with the dashboard ventilation. Overall the low-momentum ceiling offers several benefits regarding the thermal comfort and efficiency.