Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Magnesium/silicon atomic weight percent ratio standards for the tissue identification of talc by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis

ABSTRACT Talc may lodge in human tissues through various routes, and has been associated with the development of ovarian carcinoma in case control epidemiologic studies. Talc is detected in tissues with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM/EDS), with expected magnesium (Mg) and silicon (Si) peaks. The theoretical atomic weight % Mg/Si ratio for talc is 0.649, and for diagnostic purposes, a range of ± 5% (~0.617 to 0.681) is often used as a standard. Our goal was to establish empirically the quantitative range for talc identification by SEM/EDS using two source materials: a Johnson’s Baby PowderTM (cosmetic-grade) consumer sample, and talc from Sigma-Aldrich (particle-grade material intended for scientific use). We examined 401 Mg-Si particles with SEM/EDS across the two samples, using two different SEM microscopes. Overall, we found a mean Mg/Si atomic weight % ratio of 0.645, with minimal differences between study subsets. The standard deviation was 0.025; (± 1σ = 0.620–0.670). The currently used ± 5% diagnostic range (Mg/Si 0.617–0.681) is thus reasonably close to this study’s ± 1σ range, and well within a ± 2 σ confidence interval span (Mg/Si 0.595–0.695). The ± 5% range is thus an appropriately conservative standard whose continued use seems justified.
Renal hemodynamics by return cannular position of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in swine.

Background Whether arterial return cannula position affects the kidney during Veno-Arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is unclear. Therefore, we compared hemodynamic parameters and acute kidney injury (AKI) biomarkers between ascending aorta return (aECMO) and femoral artery return ECMO (fECMO) in swine to evaluate the effect of cannula position on the kidney. Methods A total of twelve swines were allocated randomly into two groups. ECMO was maintained for 6h. Hemodynamic parameters including mean arterial pressure (MAP), renal arterial flow rate (AF), energy equivalent pressure (EEP), and surplus hemodynamic energy (SHE) were measured at the left renal artery. For evaluation of kidney injury, samples were obtained for blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, cystatin C, and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (before ECMO, and 1, 3, and 6 h after initiating ECMO). Results Before the start of ECMO, hemodynamic parameters were not different between the two groups. With regard to the rate of change before and after ECMO, the fECMO group showed a significantly higher increase in MAP, AF, and EEP and a greater decrease in SHE than the aECMO group (P<0.001). In inter-group analysis, no significant difference in time-dependent trends were observed for biochemical laboratory levels. Conclusions fECMO support was associated with a higher energy profile at the renal artery than that with aECMO, whereas pulsatility was decreased.
AN EFFECTIVE INTRUSION DETECTION FRAMEWORK BASED ON SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE USING NSL-KDD DATASET

Intrusion Detection System (IDS) has become necessary for the security and privacy of a system and it takes a major role in network security because of its detection capacity to various types of attacks in the network domain. Recently, Support Vector Machines (SVM) has been applied to provide useful solutions for intrusion detection systems. With its many variants for classification, SVM is a state-of-theart machine learning algorithm and its performance depends on selection of the appropriate parameters. In this paper, we propose a model based on linear and nonlinear kernel SVMs using NSL-KDD dataset. The parameters for SVM are described in the tabular manner. Then by using the NSL-KDD dataset, our model gives the best result i.e., 100% for accuracy (Both Quadratic and Cubic SVMs).
Positive Fluid Balance is Associated with Poor Clinical Outcomes in Paediatric Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock.

INTRODUCTION Growing evidence suggests there is potential harm associated with excess fluid in critically ill children. This study aimed to evaluate the association between percentage fluid overload (%FO) and paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) mortality in children with severe sepsis and septic shock. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with severe sepsis and septic shock admitted to the PICU were identified through discharge codes. Data on clinical characteristics, fluid input and output were collected. %FO was calculated as: (total daily input - total daily output [L]/admission body weight [kg]) × 100. The primary outcome was PICU mortality. Secondary outcomes were 28-day ventilator-free days (VFD), intensive care unit-free days (IFD) and inotrope-free days (InoFD). Multivariate analysis adjusting for presence of comorbidities, Pediatric Index of Mortality (PIM) 2 score and multiorgan dysfunction were used to determine the association between cumulative %FO over 5 days and outcomes. RESULTS A total of 116 patients were identified, with a mortality rate of 28.4% (33/116). Overall median age was 105.9 (23.1-157.2) months. Cumulative %FO over 5 days was higher in non-survivors compared to survivors (median [interquartile range], 15.1 [6.3-27.1] vs 3.6 [0.7-11.1]%; P <0.001). Cumulative %FO was associated with increased mortality (adjusted odds ratio 1.08, 95% confidence interval 1.03-1.13; P = 0.001) and decreased VFD, IFD and InoFD (adjusted mean difference -0.37 [-0.53 - -0.21] days, -0.34 [-0.49 - -0.20] days, and -0.31 [-0.48 - -0.14] days, respectively). CONCLUSION Cumulative %FO within the first 5 days of PICU stay was consistently and independently associated with poor clinical outcomes in children with severe sepsis and septic shock. Future studies are needed to test the impact of restrictive fluid strategies in these children.
Prevalence of Energy Malnutrition in Children under Five Years and Service Delivery Responses in Nepal

Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) is a very common problem in children under five years of age in Nepal. The purpose of this review is to summarise the situation of PEM in children under five in Nepal and the service delivery mechanisms carried out by Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP) through a review of published literature. A search of the Google Scholar and PubMed databases was conducted using the following keywords; Child health services; protein energy malnutrition; stunting; wasting; underweight; child, preschool; nutrition; nutrition policy; Nepal. Prevalence of PEM among children under five was identified and classified based on the indicators defined by United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF). Forty nine percent of children under five years of age were stunted, 39% were underweight, and 13% were wasted. Stunting appeared to be more common in mountain and hilly areas while wasting and underweight were more common in the Terai areas. A comparative study of PEM among children under five years in the South-East Asia Region showed that Nepal had the second highest stunting rate. To control PEM, the MOHP has introduced various nutritional strategies, programmes, with PEM specific objectives. This review of the literature reports a modest decline in the level of stunting, a marked decline in the level of children underweight, but a slight increase in the level of wasting. Well designed programmes were not properly executed.
Multifaceted roles of microRNAs: From motor neuron generation in embryos to degeneration in spinal muscular atrophy

Two crucial questions in neuroscience are how neurons establish individual identity in the developing nervous system and why only specific neuron subtypes are vulnerable to neurodegenerative diseases. In the central nervous system, spinal motor neurons serve as one of the best-characterized cell types for addressing these two questions. In this review, we dissect these questions by evaluating the emerging role of regulatory microRNAs in motor neuron generation in developing embryos and their potential contributions to neurodegenerative diseases such as spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Given recent promising results from novel microRNA-based medicines, we discuss the potential applications of microRNAs for clinical assessments of SMA disease progression and treatment.
Global transcriptome analysis of porcine oocytes in correlation with follicle size

Although our knowledge regarding oocyte quality and development has improved significantly, the molecular mechanisms that regulate and determine oocyte developmental competence are still unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify and analyze the transcriptome profiles of porcine oocytes derived from large or small follicles using RNA high‐throughput sequencing technology. RNA libraries were constructed from oocytes of large (LO; 3–6 mm) or small (SO; 1.5–1.9 mm) ovarian follicles and then sequenced in an Illumina HiSeq4000. Transcriptome analysis showed a total of 14,557 genes were commonly detected in both oocyte groups. Genes related to the cell cycle, oocyte meiosis, and quality were among the top highly expressed genes in both groups. Differential expression analysis revealed 60 up‐ and 262 downregulated genes in the LO compared with the SO group. BRCA2, GPLD1, ZP3, ND3, and ND4L were among the highly abundant and highly significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The ontological classification of DEGs indicated that protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum was the top enriched pathway. In addition, biological processes related to cell growth and signaling, gene expression regulations, cytoskeleton, and extracellular matrix organization were among the highly enriched processes. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the global transcriptome changes and the abundance of specific transcripts in porcine oocytes in correlation with follicle size.
DIABETIC AMELIORATION BY POLY HERBAL SUPPLEMENT AND EXERCISE: STUDIES ON TYPE - I DIABETIC RAT MODEL

Ayurvedic remedies for diabetes are usually mixed formulations containing blood sugar lowering herbs in combination with immunomodulators, diuretics and detoxicants, with the rationale behind such formulations being provided by modern research. The plants for the present study were selected on the basis of their anti-diabetic property, as these plants are consumed by the local people for treatment of diabetes as also supported by literature survey. Plant s like Annona squamosa(Annonaceae), Cassia fistula, Coccinia indica, Mangifera indica, Ocimum sanctum, Lagerstroemia losflos-reginee, and Murraya koenigii used in the present study have been known to have same blood glucose lowering effect in diabetic animals and, some of them have an anti-lipidemic and cholesterol lowering effects too. To this effect, adult albino rats were made diabetic (DC) by a single i.p injection of alloxan (120 mg / kg body weight). Animals having blood glucose level of 300 mg / dl or higher were considered diabetic. Control and experimental animals were supplemented with the extract (PE) subjected to swimming exercise(s) of 30 minutes duration for 15 days. Animals were sacrificed on the 16 th day and various parameters related to glycaemic status and carbohydrate metabolism were evaluated. The results of the present study showed significant favorable effect of S+PE in non-diabetic as well as diabetic rats. In terms of glycaemic regulation, neither PE nor PE+S showed any significant effect either on fasting or fed glycaemic level in non-diabetic animals while, both were equally effective in minimizing diabetic hyperglycaemia to the same extent. In DC animals, both PE and S+PE improved the insulin status. There was increased hepatic and muscle glycogen contents in both NC and DC animals treated with PE or also subjected to exercise. The increased tissue glycogen load and glucose clearance from blood are paralleled by significant decrement in tissue glycogen phosphorylase activity. There was decrement in cytosolic GLUT 4 level in NC.PE and NC.S+PE animals and significant increment in expression in DC.PE and DC.S+PE animals over that of the low level in DC animals. Overall, the present study provides support and evidence for consideration of a therapeutic approach combining the beneficial effects of a polyherbal preparation in association with adaptive physical activity for effective management of diabetic complications.
Identification of tRNA-derived ncRNAs in TCGA and NCI-60 panel cell lines and development of the public database tRFexplorer

Abstract Next-generation sequencing is increasing our understanding and knowledge of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), elucidating their roles in molecular mechanisms and processes such as cell growth and development. Within such a class, tRNA-derived ncRNAs have been recently associated with gene expression regulation in cancer progression. In this paper, we characterize, for the first time, tRNA-derived ncRNAs in NCI-60. Furthermore, we assess their expression profile in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Our comprehensive analysis allowed us to report 322 distinct tRNA-derived ncRNAs in NCI-60, categorized in tRNA-derived fragments (11 tRF-5s, 55 tRF-3s), tRNA-derived small RNAs (107 tsRNAs) and tRNA 5′ leader RNAs (149 sequences identified). In TCGA, we were able to identify 232 distinct tRNA-derived ncRNAs categorized in 53 tRF-5s, 58 tRF-3s, 63 tsRNAs and 58 5′ leader RNAs. This latter group represents an additional evidence of tRNA-derived ncRNAs originating from the 5′ leader region of precursor tRNA. We developed a public database, tRFexplorer, which provides users with the expression profile of each tRNA-derived ncRNAs in every cell line in NCI-60 as well as for each TCGA tumor type. Moreover, the system allows us to perform differential expression analyses of such fragments in TCGA, as well as correlation analyses of tRNA-derived ncRNAs expression in TCGA and NCI-60 with gene and miRNA expression in TCGA samples, in association with all omics and compound activities data available on CellMiner. Hence, the tool provides an important opportunity to investigate their potential biological roles in absence of any direct experimental evidence. Database URL: https://trfexplorer.cloud/
mInscuteable regulates meiotic spindle organization during mouse oocyte meiotic maturation

Summary Establishment of cellular polarity is one of the key events during oocyte maturation. Inscuteable (Insc) has been identified as a key regulator of cell polarity during asymmetric division in Drosophila. However, the function of its evolutionarily conserved mammalian homologue, mInscuteable (mInsc), in mouse meiotic maturation is not clear. In this study, we investigated the roles of mInsc in mouse oocyte maturation. mInsc was detected at all stages of oocyte maturation. The protein level of mInsc was slightly higher at the germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) stage and remained constant during mouse oocyte maturation. The subcellular localization of mInsc overlapped with spindle microtubules. Disruption of microtubules and microfilaments caused changes in the localization of mInsc. Depletion or overexpression of mInsc significantly decreased the maturation rates of mouse oocytes. Depletion of mInsc significantly affected asymmetric division, spindle assembly, alignments of chromosomes and actin cap formation. Taken together, our results demonstrated that mInsc regulates meiotic spindle organization during mouse meiotic maturation.
Dual-Mode Electrochemical assay of Prostate-specific Antigen Based on Antifouling Peptides Functionalized with Electrochemical probes and Internal References.

Sensitive and selective detection of target analytes in complex biological samples is currently a major challenge. Herein, we constructed a dual-mode antifouling electrochemical sensing platform for the detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) based on two kinds of antifouling peptides functionalized with graphene oxide-Fe3O4-thionine (GO-Fe3O4-Thi) probe and internal reference Ferrocene (Fc), respectively. The longer peptide (Pep1) modified with GO-Fe3O4-Thi probe was designed to contain a peptide sequence (HSSKLQK) capable of being recognized and cut by PSA. The GO-Fe3O4/Thi probe displays not only as mimicking peroxidase (GO-Fe3O4), but also as an electrochemical probe due to the presence of Thi. The concentration of PSA can be measured through both the increase of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) signal change of Thi and the decrease of chronoamperometry (CA) signal of the reduction of H2O2 electrocatalyzed by GO-Fe3O4. The shorter peptide (Pep2) was tagged with Fc, whose DPV signal remained constant and was independent of the presence of PSA, and it was used as an internal reference to ensure the reliability and accuracy of the measurement. The dual-mode PSA sensor exhibits a wide linear range from 5 pg/mL to 10 ng/mL, with low detection limits of 0.76 and 0.42 pg/mL through DPV and CA modes, respectively. More importantly, owing to the antifouling capability of the designed peptides, the biosensor performances remained unchanged even in human serum, indicating feasibility of the electrochemical biosensor for practical PSA quantification in complex samples.
The Anterior Caudate Nucleus Supports Impulsive Choices Triggered by Pramipexole

Pramipexole is a dopamine agonist used as a treatment in PD and restless legs syndrome to reduce motor symptoms, but it often induces impulse control disorders. In particular, patients with impulse control disorders tend to make more impulsive choices in the delay discounting task, that is, they choose small immediate rewards over larger delayed ones more often than patients without impulse control disorders and healthy subjects do. Yet the site of action of pramipexole that produces these impulsive choices remains unknown. Based on the heterogeneity of corticostriatal projections and the massive dopamine innervation of the striatum, we hypothesized that impulsive choices triggered by dopamine treatments may be supported by a specific striatal territory.
Prognostic significance of anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangement in patients with completely resected lung adenocarcinoma.

Background Reports of the prognostic significance of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement in early stage lung adenocarcinoma have been contradictory. This study aimed to identify the associations of ALK rearrangement with clinicopathologic features and prognosis in patients with surgically resected stage I-IIIA lung adenocarcinoma. Methods Analysis of ALK status was performed by a fully-automated immunochemistry assay (with rabbit monoclonal Ventana D5F3 antibody) in tissue sections of 2,103 patients with surgically-resected stage I-IIIA lung adenocarcinoma. ALK positive patients were matched with negative patients in a 1:1 ratio using propensity score matching (PSM). Clinical outcomes were assessed by disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) after surgery. Initial recurrence pattern was also investigated according to ALK status. Results Among 2,103 stage I-IIIA lung adenocarcinoma cases, 81 (3.9%) were ALK positive. ALK positivity was significantly associated with younger age (P<0.001), solid predominant adenocarcinoma (P<0.001), variants of invasive adenocarcinoma (P<0.001), higher frequency of pleura invasion (P=0.040), smaller tumor size (P=0.014), mediastinal lymph node involvement (N2; P<0.001) and later pathologic stage (IIIA; P=0.001). In the match cohort, ALK positivity was not associated with DFS [hazard ratio (HR), 0.58; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.33-1.03, P=0.063] or OS (HR, 0.61; 95% CI: 0.22-1.67, P=0.334). Lymph node involvement (HR: 5.36, 95% CI, 3.01-9.65, P<0.001) and solid predominant adenocarcinoma subtype (HR, 2.02; 95% CI: 1.07-3.79; P=0.029) were the independent prognostic factors of inferior DFS, and lymph node involvement was the independent prognostic factors of worse OS (HR, 6.61; 95% CI: 2.43-17.94; P<0.001). ALK positive patients had a higher risk of developing tumor recurrence in liver (P=0.043). Conclusions ALK rearrangement was not an independent prognostic factor in stage I-IIIA lung adenocarcinoma patients but leaded to a higher risk of developing recurrence in liver.
The Horizontal Raphe of the Human Retina and its Watershed Zones

The horizontal raphe (HR) as a demarcation line dividing the retina and choroid into separate vascular hemispheres is well established, but its development has never been discussed in the context of new findings of the last decades. Although factors for axon guidance are established (e.g., slit-robo pathway, ephrin-protein-receptor pathway) they do not explain HR formation. Early morphological organization, too, fails to establish a HR. The development of the HR is most likely induced by the long posterior ciliary arteries which form a horizontal line prior to retinal organization. The maintenance might then be supported by several biochemical factors. The circulation separate superior and inferior vascular hemispheres communicates across the HR only through their anastomosing capillary beds resulting in watershed zones on either side of the HR. Visual field changes along the HR could clearly be demonstrated in vascular occlusive diseases affecting the optic nerve head, the retina or the choroid. The watershed zone of the HR is ideally protective for central visual acuity in vascular occlusive diseases but can lead to distinct pathological features.
Ordered Reference Dependent Choice

This paper studies how violations of structural assumptions like expected utility and exponential discounting can be connected to basic rationality violations, even though these assumptions are typically regarded as independent building blocks in decision theory. A reference-dependent generalization of behavioral postulates captures preference shifts in various choice domains. When reference points are fixed, canonical models hold; otherwise, reference-dependent preference parameters (e.g., CARA coefficients, discount factors) give rise to"non-standard"behavior. The framework allows us to study risk, time, and social preferences collectively, where seemingly independent anomalies are interconnected through the lens of reference-dependent choice.
Meta-analysis of the Clinical Efficacy and Safety of High- and Low-dose Methylprednisolone in the Treatment of Children With Severe Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia is generally a self-limiting disease, but it can develop into severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP). Immunologic mechanisms are thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of SMPP. Therefore, the use of systemic glucocorticoids may have beneficial effects. However, to date, the use of glucocorticoid therapy in SMPP is limited to small case series, and the glucocorticoid dosage for children with SMPP has not been established. Methods: Here, we used a meta-analysis method to collect data from randomized control trials of different doses of methylprednisolone in SMPP to assess the safety and efficacy of treatment with low- versus high-dose methylprednisolone in children with SMPP. Results: We included 13 Chinese randomized control trials that included 1049 children. The high- and low-dose groups were comprised of 524 and 525 children, respectively. The high-dose group was significantly more effective than the low-dose group in clinical efficacy [risk ratio = 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.23, 1.38), P < 0.05]. In addition, compared with low-dose methylprednisolone, high-dose methylprednisolone significantly shortened hospital stays and antipyretic therapy, pulmonary rales disappearance, cough disappearance and pulmonary shadow absorption times. There was no significant difference in adverse events between the high- and low-dose groups: risk ratio= 0.85, 95% CI (0.53, 1.36), P > 0.05. Conclusions: We conclude that high-dose methylprednisolone is effective in the treatment of SMPP without increasing the incidence of adverse reactions.