Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Insurance Status on Tumor Characteristics and Treatment Selection in Contemporary Patients With Prostate Cancer.

BACKGROUND Approximately 15% of the US population does not have health insurance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of insurance status on tumor characteristics and treatment selection in patients with prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified 20,393 patients younger than 65 years with prostate cancer in the 2010-2011 SEER database. Multivariable logistic regression analysis tested the relationship between insurance status and 2 end points: (1) presenting with low-risk prostate cancer at diagnosis and (2) receiving local treatment of the prostate. Locally weighted scatterplot smoothing methods were used to graphically explore the interaction among insurance status, use of local treatment, and baseline risk of cancer recurrence. The latter was defined using the Stephenson nomogram and CAPRA score. RESULTS Overall, 18,993 patients (93%) were insured, 849 (4.2%) had Medicaid coverage, and 551 (2.7%) were uninsured. At multivariable analysis, Medicaid coverage (odds ratio [OR], 0.67; 95% CI, 0.57, 0.80; P<.0001) and uninsured status (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.46, 0.71; P<.0001) were independent predictors of a lower probability of presenting with low-risk disease. Likewise, Medicaid coverage (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.60, 0.86; P=.0003) and uninsured status (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.37, 0.55; P<.0001) were independent predictors of a lower probability of receiving local treatment. In uninsured patients, treatment disparities became more pronounced as the baseline cancer recurrence risk increased (10% in low-risk patients vs 20% in high-risk patients). CONCLUSIONS Medicaid beneficiaries and uninsured patients are diagnosed with higher-risk disease and are undertreated. The latter is more accentuated for patients with high-risk prostate cancer. This may seriously compromise the survival of these individuals.
Induction of cellular growth by the axon guidance regulators Netrin A and Semaphorin‐1a

Although neurite outgrowth has been linked to axon guidance regulators, the effects of guidance molecules on cellular growth are not well understood. Use of the Drosophila wing imaginal disc, an epithelial tissue and a well‐characterized system for analysis of cellular growth regulation, permits analysis of the impacts of guidance molecules on cellular growth in a setting in which axon guidance is not a confounding factor. In this investigation, the impacts of Netrin A (NetA) and Semaphorin‐1a (Sema1a) signaling on cellular growth are examined during wing development. Levels of these genes were modulated in somatic clones in the developing wing disc, and clone areas, as well as individual sizes of clonal cells were assessed. NetA and Sema1a signaling were found to induce cellular growth in these assays. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analyses indicated that NetA and Sema1a signaling induce expression of several growth regulators, including myc, cycD, cdk4, PCNA, and MapK in the wing disc. These data illustrate that NetA and Sema1a can specifically promote growth through induction of key cellular growth regulators. The abilities of NetA and Sema1a to regulate cellular growth are likely critical to their functions in both nervous system development and oncogenesis. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 70:473–484, 2010
Estrogen‐dependent selectivity of genomic responses to birdsong

Behavioral responses to sociosexual signals often depend on gonadal steroid hormones, which are thought to modulate behavior by acting on motivational systems in the brain. There is mounting evidence that sex steroids may also modulate perception of sociosexual signals by affecting sensory processing. In seasonally breeding songbirds such as the white‐throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis), the female's behavioral response to hearing male song depends on her plasma levels of estradiol (E2). Here, we examined whether plasma E2 also affects the selectivity of the song‐induced zenk (egr‐1) response in the auditory forebrain, which is known to vary according to the behavioral relevance of song stimuli. Non‐breeding females were held on a winter‐like photoperiod and implanted with silastic capsules containing either no hormone or E2. E2‐treated birds hearing 42 min of conspecific song had more cells immunoreactive for the protein product of zenk in the auditory forebrain than did those hearing frequency‐matched synthetic tones. In birds not treated with E2, however, the zenk response to song did not differ from that to tones. We found similar effects in the avian homolog of the inferior colliculus, indicating that E2 may affect the processing of auditory information upstream of the forebrain. Our data suggest that in females, zenk induction in the auditory system is selective for song only when plasma E2 exceeds non‐breeding levels. E2‐dependent plasticity of auditory pathways and processing centres may promote recognition of and attention to conspecific song during the breeding season.
Invariance, Symmetries and Structural Realism

The paper discusses the invariance view of reality: a view inspired by the relativity and quantum theory. It is an attempt to show that both versions of Structural Realism (epistemological and ontological) are already embedded in the invariance view but in each case the invariance view introduces important modifications. From the invariance view we naturally arrive at a consideration of symmetries and structures. It is often claimed that there is a strong connection between invariance and reality, established by symmetries. The invariance view seems to render frame-invariant properties real, while frame-specific properties are illusory. But on a perspectival, yet observer-free view of frame-specific realities they too must be regarded as real although supervenient on frame-invariant realities. Invariance and perspectivalism are thus two faces of symmetries. Symmetries also elucidate structures. Because of this recognition, the invariance view is more comprehensive than Structural Realism. Referring to broken symmetries and coherence considerations, the paper concludes that at least some symmetries are ontological, not just epistemological constraints.
Automatic Plagiarism Detection Using Word-Sentence Based S-gram

Plagiarism is an academic problem that is caught more and more each year. Common tricks that the cheaters normally use is inserting and removing a few extra terms, sentences, or paragraph to the original copy to trick the reader that the plagiarist copy and the original copy are unalike. This paper provides a new way to detect the plagiarism by checking the similarity between sentences, and paragraphs using s-grams which is an n-gram unit that allows some terms to be skipped to be used in term, sentence, and paragraph representation in finding the similarity between two documents. We discovered that our technique considerably outperforms the existing techniques.
Introduction to programming based on playful activities in the university

This work describes a preparation strategy for first year Computer Science students at the Universidad Nacional de Nordeste. This work consisted of the development of a set of activities aimed at stimulating computational thinking through the use of playful tools with the goal of motivating students and also providing them with problem-solving skills that will facilitate the understanding of the basic concepts of programming.
Development and validation of a pediatric severity index for sickle cell patients

There is no instrument to measure severity of sickle cell disease (SCD) in pediatric patients that is generally accepted. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a severity index for SCD in children. We developed an index consisting of 12 items and tested its validity of the index using data from 92 children. We tested whether different scores were obtained for patients classified by severity both subjectively and objectively by a partially validated existing index. Furthermore, we tested whether the index could differentiate patients classified according to genotype or the number of α‐gene deletions and evaluated whether the score on the index was correlated with the average number and days of hospitalizations/year, age and a risk of death score. We explored the effect of three different weighting systems (Score A, B, and C) to summarize these items. All weightings demonstrated a significant difference between the scores of mild, moderate, and severely affected patients, as classified by a subjective rating or with an existing index (P < 0.01). The index clearly differentiated patients by genotype (P < 0.01) or α‐gene deletions (P < 0.01). The correlation with hospitalization was moderate. Age and the risk of death score were weakly associated with the pediatric severity index for SCD. This is the first pediatric SCD severity index that was developed and validated using modern clinimetric methodology. The validity and reliability of this index should be further evaluated in a prospective study including a larger cohort, preferably diagnosed at birth. Am. J. Hematol. , 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Atrial Tachyarrhythmias Induced By Acetylcholine In Tilapia (Oreochromis SP.) Isolated Atria

1. Effects of the parasympathetic neuromediator acetylcholine (ACh) on atrial tissues vary greatly depending on the species, the type of atrial cells and experimental conditions. The aim of the present study was to investigate, with microelectrode techniques, the arrhythmogenic effects of ACh in tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) isolated atria at room (22–25°C) and high temperature (37°C).
Waveform candidates for 5G mobile communications

Choosing a suitable waveform candidate for 5G air interface is the biggest challenge. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is commonly adopted Multi-Carrier modulation waveform, has several limitations that is not suitable for future wireless scenarios. In this paper various problems based on the variants of OFDM are identified. Finally some new waveforms such as FBMC, UFMC and GFDM which are the promising waveform candidates for 5G are compared quantitatively.
The sense of smell: molecular basis of odorant recognition

Most animal species rely on odorant compounds to locate food, predators, or toxins. The sense of smell is also involved in animal communication, and revealing the underlying mechanisms will therefore facilitate a deeper understanding of animal behaviour. Since the 1940s different theories have speculated on the fundamental basis of olfaction. It was assumed that odorant molecules were recognized by selective protein receptors in the nose, triggering a nervous signal processed by the brain. The discovery of these receptors in the early 1990s allowed great progress in understanding the physiological and biochemical principles of olfaction. An overview of the different mechanisms involved in the coding of odour character as well as odour intensity is presented here, focusing on the biochemical basis of odorant recognition. Despite the enormous progress achieved in recent years, details of odorant‐receptor interaction at the molecular level and the mechanisms of olfactory receptor activation are poorly understood. The likely role of metal ions in odorant recognition is discussed, and also the perireceptor events involved in odorant transport and biotransformation, with a view to providing a comprehensive overview of mammalian olfaction to guide future computational structural models and the design of functional experiments. Recent studies have analysed the olfactory genome of several species, providing information about the evolution of olfaction. The role of the olfactory system in animal communication is also described.
Altered chromosome 6 in immortal human fibroblasts

Human diploid fibroblasts have a limited life span in vitro, and spontaneous immortalization is an extremely rare event. We have used transformation of human diploid fibroblasts by an origin-defective simian virus 40 genome to develop series of genetically matched immortal cell lines to analyze immortalization. Comparison of a preimmortal transformant (SVtsA/HF-A) with its uncloned and cloned immortalized derivatives (AR5 and HAL) has failed to reveal any major alteration involving the simian virus 40 genome. Karyotypic analysis, however, demonstrated that all of the immortal cell lines in this series have alterations of chromosome 6 involving loss of the portion distal to 6q21. The karyotypic analysis was corroborated by DNA analyses. Southern analysis demonstrated that only one copy of three proto-oncogene loci (ros1, c-myb, and mas1) on 6q was retained in immortal cells. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of the microsatellite polymorphism at 6q22 (D6S87) showed loss of heterozygosity. In addition, elevated expression of c-myb (6q22-23) was observed. We hypothesize that the region at and/or distal to 6q21 plays a role in immortalization, consistent with the presence of a growth suppressor gene.
Comprehension of Synthetic Speech Produced by Rule: Word Monitoring and Sentence-by-Sentence Listening Times

Previous comprehension studies using postperceptual memory tests have often reported negligible differences in performance between natural speech and several kinds of synthetic speech produced by rule, despite large differences in segmental intelligibility. The present experiments investigated the comprehension of natural and synthetic speech using two different on-line tasks: word monitoring and sentence-by-sentence listening. On-line task performance was slower and less accurate for passages of synthetic speech than for passages of natural speech. Recognition memory performance in both experiments was less accurate following passages of synthetic speech than of natural speech. Monitoring performance, sentence listening times, and recognition memory accuracy all showed moderate correlations with intelligibility scores obtained using the Modified Rhyme Test. The results suggest that poorer comprehension of passages of synthetic speech is attributable in part to the greater encoding demands of synthetic speech. In contrast to earlier studies, the present results demonstrate that on-line tasks can be used to measure differences in comprehension performance between natural and synthetic speech.
Theories of ageing

Ageing is a universal, intrinsic, progressive and deleterious process. Understanding it is of major interest to scientist, physicians as well as to the general population. Critical to this understanding is to formulate comprehensive theories of aging with high predictive and explanatory power. More than 300 theories have been postulated and are reviewed here. The free radical theory of ageing is one of the most prominent and well studied. It was further developed by one of us (JM) in what has become known as the mitochondrial theory of ageing. These theories provide new experimental approaches to further develop our understanding of the phenomenon of ageing. IUBMB Life, 59: 249‐254, 2007
Dose‐ranging study of tolterodine in patients with detrusor hyperreflexia

Tolterodine is a potent antimuscarinic agent specifically developed for the treatment of urinary urge incontinence and other symptoms related to the overactive bladder. In order to assess the optimum dosage for use in future clinical studies, a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group, multicenter study was performed in 90 patients with detrusor hyperreflexia and symptoms of urinary urgency, frequency, and/or urge incontinence. Urodynamic variables, micturition diary variables, and subjective urinary symptoms were measured before and after 2 weeks' treatment with either placebo or tolterodine 0.5, 1, 2, or 4 mg twice daily (bd). Serum drug concentrations, electrocardiogram recordings, blood pressure, and incidence of adverse events were also assessed.
Improving program navigation with an active help system

When performing software change tasks, software developers spend a substantial amount of their time navigating dependencies in the code. Despite the availability of numerous tools to aid such navigation, there is evidence to suggest that developers are not using these tools. In this paper, we introduce an active help system, called Spyglass, that suggests tools to aid program navigation as a developer works. We report on the results of a laboratory study that investigated two questions: will developers act upon suggestions from an active help system and will those suggestions improve developer behaviour? We found that with Spyglass we could make developers as aware of navigational tools as they are when requested to read a tutorial about such tools, with less up-front effort. We also found that we could improve developer behaviour as developers in the Spyglass group, after being given recommendations in the context of their work, navigated programming artifacts more efficiently than those in the tutorial group.
Effects of Ixodes scapularis and Borrelia burgdorferi on modulation of the host immune response: induction of a TH2 cytokine response in Lyme disease-susceptible (C3H/HeJ) mice but not in disease-resistant (BALB/c) mice

Previous studies have demonstrated that both Ixodes scapularis saliva and Borrelia burgdorferi antigens modulated lymphokines and monokines in vitro. The studies presented here were designed to delineate the role of I. scapularis and B. burgdorferi in modulation of the host immune response in vivo. Infestation of C3H/HeJ mice with infected I. scapularis resulted in an up regulation of IL-4 as early as 8 days after tick infestation, while the levels of T helper cell type 1 (TH1) cytokines, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), were significantly decreased by days 10 to 12. In contrast, the cytokine profile of BALB/c mice exposed to infected nymphal ticks resulted in only transient alterations in IL-4, IL-2, and IFN-gamma production throughout a 12-day period postinfestation. Although the IL-10 level was elevated in both C3H/HeJ and BALB/c mice infested with infected nymphal ticks, no significant difference in the levels of IL-10 was noted between the mouse strains. Flow-cytometric analysis demonstrated increases in the numbers of splenic B-cell and CD4+ lymphocytes in C3H/HeJ but not BALB/c mice exposed to infected ticks. Cell depletion experiments with C3H/HeJ mice demonstrated that CD4+ cells were the sole producers of IFN-gamma and IL-10 while both CD4+ and CD8+ splenocytes contributed to the production of IL-2 and IL-4. These findings suggest that B and CD4+ splenocytes are activated, increase in number, and produce a polarized TH2 response in C3H/HeJ mice exposed to infected I. scapularis. Given that C3H/HeJ mice are susceptible to Lyme disease and the initial TH2 polarization is not evident in BALB/c mice, effective control of this response may have ramifications for spirochete transmission in vivo.
The effects of clopidogrel, acetyl salicylic acid and tirofiban on acetylcholine-induced dilation in rat thoracic aorta segments Klopidogrel, asetilsalisilik asit ve tirofibanin siçan torasik aort segmentlerinde asetilkolin ile uyarilan gevşeme üzerine etkisi

Background:­ In this article, we aimed to investigate the effects of antithrombotic agents, including acetyl salicylic acid (ASA), clopidogrel, and tirofiban on the acetylcholine (ACh)induced dilation responses in rat thoracic aorta segments. Methods: Twenty-eight Wistar albino male rats weighing between 250-300 g were included in the study. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: the ASA group (n=7), the clopidogrel group (n=7), the tirofiban group (n=7), and the control group (n=7). Intraperitoneal (IP) injection of ASA (1.5 mg/kg) or clopidogrel (1 mg/kg) was administered 12 hours before the experiment. In the tirofiban group, 150 μgr/kg tirofiban IP was given twice at one and 12 hours before the experiment. The rats in the control group did not receive any medication. After the rats were decapitated, the segments of the thoracic aorta were removed and suspended in an oxygenated Krebs solution in a tissue bath, and the dose dependency in the responses to the ACh-induced dilation in the aortic rings were studied. Results:­ The dilation responses of the aortic rings to ACh in the lowest molar concentration (10-9) were found to be reduced in the ASA (94.3%±3.3) and clopidogrel (94.6%±3.1) groups when compared with the control group (86.7%±8.1) (p<0.05). The responses to higher concentrations of ACh were observed to be similar in all of the groups. Conclusion:­ Acetyl salicylic acid and clopidogrel treatments resulted in a slight delay of endotheliummediated relaxation while tirofiban had no significant effect. These findings suggest that ASA and clopidogrel may have a limited effect on endothelium-mediated vasodilation.
Epidemiology and Morphological Hallmark in Symptomatic Spondylotic Beninese Patients

Spondylolisthesis is a well-known neurosurgical condition, in relation with various factors. The main objective was to report the morphological and radiological hallmark of patients presenting with symptomatic spondylolisthesis. This is a prospective, longitudinal, descriptive and analytical study: 1st April to 30th September 2014. Twenty nine patients were followed up, with female ascendance. The average age is 50 to 69 years. The most frequent level was L4-L5 and in most cases, only one level was involved. Lesions of Grade I were commonest (79.0%). The average values of the SS (sacral slope) and PI (pelvic incidence) was respectively 36.4 ± 6.9° (17.3° to 49.6°) with a median of 37.8° and 64.9 ± 9.2° (42.98° to 87.47°) with a median of 64.6°. LL (lumbar lordosis), had a mean value of 43.8 ± 10.8° (26.2° to 67.0°) with a median of 43.1°. DH (disc height) was 5 to 10 mm in most cases. A report was made with the morphology of the basin of the African woman. Our results are consistent for the most part with the literature data. This present study illustrates a female to male ration of 3. According to BMI (body mass index) assessment, 69% of patients presented with overweight. The main radiologic parameters are compromised with increasing sacral slop and PI and reduction of DH and LL. Findings are characteristic in female population.
Analysis, characterization and optimization of a steerer magnet prototype

This paper presents the analysis, characterization and optimization of a dipole magnet prototype for The High-Energy Storage Ring (HESR) of the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR). Magnet design and construction, according to beneficiary requirements, are presented. A 2D magnetic modeling optimization of the magnetic pole shape is required in order to obtain a good homogeneity of the magnetic field in the center of the magnet. The numeric modeling is validated by magnetic measurements made on the considered prototype, using a measurement system with Hall Probe.
A sparse communication algorithm of vibration signal in quasi-real time monitoring

How to select and construct the sparse base is the key of study on compressed sensing. There exist two constructive methods: the fixed base and adaptive base. The vibration output response of large-scale structure is multi-mode signal, and satisfies the damped vibration differential equation. Departure from the vibration differential equations, build a special sparse for the vibration signal with height sparse projection, and then access to excellent effect of reconstruction. Based on this point, this thesis puts forward the adaptive algorithm with automatic updating sparse base, which make sparse transmission system adapt to the changes of structural features. Applies this algorithm to the quasi-real time monitoring system, and then combines with the fact that the signal which is adjacent tend to be sparse stably in this system, so that the lower machine transmit sparse sampling signal instead of the actual signal, host computer re-bulid the actual signal according to sampling signal. This method can reduce the data of transmission greatly, and ease the pressure on energy consumption and telecommunication. The simulation shows that this adaptive matrix is more effective than the fixed matrix, and the effect of reconstruction keeps stable.