Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
123I-labeled metaiodobenzylguanidine for diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors

Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) is an analog of the catecholamine norepinephrine. Through a type I energy-dependent active amine transport mechanism, it is taken up in presynaptic cytoplasmic storage vesicles of adrenergic nerves. Many normal tissues that have rich adrenergic innervation accumulate MIBG, including the heart and salivary glands. Additionally, MIBG is accumulated in benign and malignant tissues derived from the neural crest, such as the adrenal medulla and neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), where it is stored within neurosecretory granules. This provides the molecular basis for highly specific imaging and therapy with radiolabeled MIBG. Both 123 I-MIBG and 131 I-MIBG are available for diagnostic purposes. Considering the physical characteristics of 123 I (159 keV photon energy, 13.2 hours half-life) and clinical experience, 123 I-MIBG is the agent of choice for diagnostic imaging. It shows high sensitivity and specificity in detecting NETs. NETs include a wide range of neoplasms arising from tissues derived from the neural crest, such as neuroblastomas (NBs), pheochromocytomas, paragangliomas, NETs of the gastroenteropancreatic tract (GEP tumors), as well as medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTCs). The purpose of this review is to summarize the diagnostic application of 123 I-MIBG in detecting diverse NETs and in guiding the subsequent
BOTTOM-UP/TOP-DOWN BUDGETING

For any organization, dealing with the budget is a great chalange. This article intend to present some aspect about two main type of budgeting: bottom-up and top-down, as they are used in many types of companies. From the beginning, there are said few words about these methods, that are described after the introduction, one by one. For every method of budgeting, are shown the main advantage and disadvantages that was also detailed. At the end, this paper said some words as a conclusion for these budgeting methods. In an ideal context, the best way of budgeting could be a flexible mixture between the top-down budgeting and bottomup process, for obtaining optimum results for the companies.
Intravascular Fluid Administration and Hemodynamic Performance During Open Abdominal Surgery

We studied whether central hemodynamics measured by a pulmonary artery catheter can serve as a pharmacodynamic expression of fluid therapy in 10 patients undergoing open abdominal surgery. We examined how closely hemodynamic variables follow plasma dilution, which is an index of plasma volume expansion, during and after an IV infusion of 25 mL/kg of lactated Ringer’s solution over 45 min. Pulmonary artery wedge pressure and central venous pressure responded to IV fluid with an increase that correlated with accompanying plasma dilution. Six of 10 patients showed a decrease in cardiac output that was probably secondary to an increase in peripheral vascular resistance (nonresponders), whereas the rest increased cardiac output (responders). Volume kinetic analysis suggested that 54% of the infused fluid resided in the central fluid space at the end of the infusion and 25% at the end of the study in the responders compared with 25% and 3%, respectively, in nonresponders. In conclusion, half of the patients undergoing open abdominal surgery responded to crystalloid fluid with a decrease in cardiac output. Pulmonary artery wedge pressure and central venous pressure responded more consistently to different degrees of plasma dilution, which can be simulated for various fluid regimens using volume kinetics.
Phenytoin elimination in newborns

We measured the apparent half-life (t50%) of phenytoin (PHT) 30 times in 16 infants (aged 2 to 36 days) who had seizurtes. During the first week of life, the t50% s ranged from 6 to 140 hours. After the first week, the concentration dependence of PHT elimination was demonstrated; the t50% was related to the initial concentration (CJ. The t50% also decreased with postnatal age. Controlling for a C1 of 18 mg per liter, the average t50% decreased threefold between the first (57.3 ± 48.2 hours) and fourth weeks (19.7 ± 1.31). In newborns, both age-related changes and the concentration dependence of PHT elimination can cause PHT levels to decrease when constant doses are given.
Exact transmission‐disequilibrium tests with multiallelic markers

The transmission‐disequilibrium (TD) test is a powerful method for detecting linkage between marker and disease loci in the presence of linkage disequilibrium. For multiallelic markers, we propose the use of exact tests, which are implemented using both an exact algorithm and Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. Simulation studies show that exact tests improve both the small sample validity and the power of the TD method. We also compared the usual single‐affected‐offspring sampling scheme to one in which pairs of affected siblings are sampled. Affected‐sib‐pair sampling greatly increases the power of the TD method and will be most useful when a sample of affected sib pairs is available from prior linkage studies. Genet. Epidemiol. 14:337–347,1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of biological and chemical insecticide mixture against Aedes aegypti larvae and adults by thermal fogging in Singapore

Abstract. To improve the operational efficiency of dengue vector control in Singapore, larvicide and adulticide were applied together by thermal fog generator (Agrofog® AF40). The mixture consisted of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Vectobac® 12 AS) as biological larvicide at 1.5 L/ha and pirimiphos‐methyl (Actellic® 50 EC) as adulticide at 100 g ai/ha, diluted 10‐fold with water. Aerosol of this mixture was evaluated against the mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) in bioassays using cages of 10 adult females exposed at heights of 0.3–2.4 m and distances of 3–12 m from the hand‐held generator. Cups containing 200 mL water were treated at ground level by exposure to the aerosol application at the same distances from the generator. Subsequent larval bioassays on days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 post‐spray involved exposing 20 larvae/cup for 48 h. Droplets had VMD 57 µm and female mosquitoes were killed by 2 s exposure to the aerosol at 3 m. We obtained 92–100% mortality of the adult mosquitoes and 100% control of larvae at 3 m distance, but only 10–13% mortality at 12 m from the fogger. In treated cups, larvae showed high mortality (92%) when exposed for 48 h even 1 month post‐treatment. Results demonstrate the practical advantage of using this mixture of Vectobac® 12AS and Actellic® 50 EC for simultaneous control of Aedes adults and larvae, with prolonged larvicidal efficacy in treated containers.
Zum Anwendungspotential von Gamification in Unternehmen

Gamification, der Einsatz von Spielmechaniken in spielfremdem Kontext, ist ein Trend, der bei Unternehmen Beachtung findet und Interesse weckt Aspekte davon unternehmensintern einzusetzen. Demgegenüber besteht jedoch auch Skepsis, da ein spielerischer Ansatz im Bezug auf Geschäftsszenarien bisher unüblich ist und dessen langfristiger Erfolg bislang nicht belegt werden konnte. Ziel des Beitrags ist es, diesen Trend auf seine Möglichkeiten und besonderen Herausforderungen hin zu untersuchen. Dazu werden die einsetzbaren Spielmechaniken und ihre Wirkungen in Bezug zu relevanten Konzepten aus der Motivationsund Sozialpsychologie gesetzt. Daraus werden Empfehlungen für den Einsatz von Gamification im Kontext von unternehmensinternen Plattformen abgeleitet.
A 0.95 mW/1.0 Gbps spiral-inductor based wireless chip-interconnect with asynchronous communication scheme

This paper presents a reduction method of power consumption and an asynchronous communication scheme for spiral-inductor based wireless chip-interconnect. The power reduction is achieved by utilizing positively resonance phenomena between two spiral inductors. Further, employing dynamic circuits and self pre-charging technique realizes an asynchronous communication without any clocking. The methodology was verified and evaluated by measuring a test chip in 0.18/spl mu/m 6 metal CMOS technology. The performance of 0.95 mW/1.0 Gbps/ch was achieved without any clocking.
Flip-flop low profile wideband reflectarray antenna for ka-band

A novel broadband flip-flop low profile Reflectarray (RA) is designed for Ka-Band based on the principle of dual side printed substrate. First, the reflected wave phase curve is obtained by varying the patch size on top layer while energy is coupled through a bottom slot of equal size to the patch. Such a cell provides 360° degress reflected phase with almost linear behavior. Second, the element is flipped and analysis for reflected phase when square slot is varied on top layer while the complementary patch, is varied in the bottom layer. Both methods provide full 360 degrees phase range. In both methods, a small air gap is introduced below substrate to add GND plane on bottom. The proposed methods provide broadband using the thinnest available substrate. Both designs achieve good performance in term of Half Power Beam width (HPBW), Side Love Level (SLL), cross polarization and gain bandwidth (at 30 GHz). The first 15*15 RA design provides, HPBW of 6.6 degrees, SLL -20 dB, cross polarization -25 dB down than copolar component, 1dB gain bandwidth of 14.5 % and 3-dB bandwidth of 23.2 % centered. Similarly, the second flipped 15*15 RA design provides, SLL of -17 dB, cross polarization of -25 dB down than copolar component, 1-dB gain bandwidth of 11.5 % and 3-dB bandwidth of 21 %.
A voice-controlled multi-functional Smart Home Automation System

Current availability of interactive technologies infrastructure such as internet bandwidth, increased processing power and connectivity through mobile devices at affordable costs have led to new concepts related to human living. Smart cities, smart life and internet of things etc. are few such evolving research domains. A prominent concept among these is `Smart Home', which involves automation and interactive technologies. This paper proposes a multi-functional `Smart Home Automation System' (SHAS), where users can use voice-commands to control their home-appliances and gadgets, for different functionalities and purposes. The proposed system can be adapted to a user's voice and recognise the voice-commands, independent of the speaker's personal characteristics such as accent. The system is aimed to be cost-effective, flexible and robust. The voice command recognition is achieved using a dedicated hardware module and an Arduino micro-controller board for commands processing and control. Performance evaluation is carried out by developing a multi-functional miniature prototype of the SHAS. Results of the experiments conducted are quite promising. The prototype SHAS can be used for converting existing homes into smart homes at relatively low cost and with convenience.
Genetic and epigenetic similarities and differences between childhood and adult AML

The biology of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is complex and includes both genetic and epigenetic aberrations. We addressed the combined consequences of promoter hypermethylation of p15, CDH1, ER, MDR1, and RARB2 and mutation of NPM1, CEBPA, FLT3, and WT1 in a Danish cohort of 70 pediatric and 383 adult AML patients.
Effect of experimental water restriction on brain water.

DECREASE in brain volume has obvious advantages in neurological surgery. Hypertonic urea and mannitol have been established as effective agents for cerebral dehydration. Acute changes in tonicity are produced by these hyper tonic agents, and the effect on brain water, electrolytes, and osmolality has been well studled. 1,9,1s,2~ In comparison, the results of water restriction have not been as well defined. The basic precepts for the t rea tment of dehydra t ion were established during the 1940's when dehydrat ion experiments were carried out in an effort to determine the optimal life-raft ration. 6,s,'3,24 The difference between a water deprivation dehydrat ion and a salt loss dehydrat ion was clarified. 17 Neurological examination remained essentially negative after men were deprived of water for 3 days; '3 however, changes in behavior were noted by another group and described as an exaggeration of the individual 's temperamental make-up2 The amount of weight lost was variable. Water restriction was found to initiate the dehydrat ion reaction 17,I9 and to produce a slow change in volume rather than an acute change in tonicity. 2 Moore has suggested tha t this slower form of dehydra t ion is better tolerated by the central nervous system. 16 Smith, et al., have shown tha t a decrease in cerebrospinal fluid production can be effected by dehydrat ion in dogsY 1 The possible advantages of fluid restriction have been con-
Utilizing various ADL facets for instruction level CPU test

As the use of general and special processors as embedded cores in SoC designs increases, developing high quality test programs for them is becoming more important. Software-based self-test methodologies seem a promising way in this arena. Our test method is based on exercising all operations of processor components using macros that justify test values and propagate the results to the component outputs. We use precomputed deterministic test sets for internal components of processor to generate an efficient test program. Generation of the macros require instruction set and data transfer path information. This and other required information are available in the processor's architecture description language (ADL) specification, which can be provided by the processor core developer as a supplementary deliverable. We have applied our test program generation to a simple 16-bit processor to demonstrate steps involved in our approach for extraction of a test program from an ADL description.
Stream Processing Algorithms that Model Behavior Change

This paper presents algorithms that fuse information in multiple event streams to update models that represent system behavior. System behaviors vary over time; for example, an information network varies from heavily loaded to lightly loaded conditions; patterns of incidence of disease change at the onset of pandemics; file access patterns change from proper usage to improper use that may signify insider threat. The models that represent behavior must be updated frequently to adapt to changes rapidly; in the limit, models must be updated continuously with each new event. Algorithms that adapt to change in behavior must depend on the appropriate length of history: Algorithms that give too much weight to the distant past will not adapt to changes in behavior rapidly; algorithms that don’t consider enough past information may conclude incorrectly, from noisy data, that behavior has changed while the actual behavior remains unchanged. Efficient algorithms are incremental – the computational time required to incorporate each new event should be small and ideally independent of the length of the
Design Considerations for Sub-90-nm Split-Gate Flash-Memory Cells

This paper presents a systematic methodology to design efficient sub-90-nm split-gate Flash-memory cells and optimize the cell performance within the presently known scaling constraints. The device-simulation results show that the high-performance sub-90-nm split-gate cells can be realized by a proper optimization of the channel and asymmetric halo-doping profiles and shallow source/drain junctions. In this paper, the halo-and channel-doping profiles were optimized to achieve the target drain-programming voltage Vsp = 6.5 V for an efficient cell programming, whereas keeping the breakdown voltage BV > Vsp with tolerable leakage currents. It is shown that, using the properly optimized technology parameters, 65-nm split-gate Flash memory can be achieved with cell-read current, Ir1 ap 235 mum, programmed cell-leakage current, Ir0 < 2.2 nA/ mum at the read condition, time-to-program ap 30 mus, and time-to-erase ap 40 mus. This paper clearly demonstrates the feasibility of high-performance 65-nm split-gate Flash-memory cells.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Children with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia—Observations from a Single Institution

Abstract Introduction Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a complex malformation. The majority of children after CDH repair lead normal life, with good exercise tolerance. However, in some patients, long-term sequelae are observed, resulting from the primary defect and implemented treatment. Material and Methods We evaluated (basing on clinical examination and review of medical records) the incidence of the most common long-term complications after surgical repair of CDH and determined their risk factors. The study group comprised 50 children operated in our department for CDH. Results The following long-term complications were seen: recurrent respiratory system infections (34%), pathological gastrointestinal reflux (30%), body mass deficiency (20%), and chest deformations (40%). Parents reported most common symptoms from the gastrointestinal tract (48%) and recurring respiratory system infections (34%). Perfusion of the ipsilateral lung was significantly lower in the group of children in whom negative prognostic factors were present: patch repair, transposition of the liver up CDH, lung hypertension in echocardiography, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) use, prolonged artificial ventilation. In lung scintigraphy, in 70% of patients ipsilateral lung hypoplasia was found. There was a correlation between gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and early detection of CHD in prenatal studies and the presence of polyhydramnios. Patients with GER also required longer artificial ventilation and longer hospitalization. Significant body mass deficiency (below 3rd centile) was found in 20%, correlated with patch repair and HFOV. Chest deformations were more common in children who required synthetic patch repair and artificial ventilation for longer than 10 days. Conclusions The most common long-term complications observed in children after CDH repair are recurrent infections of the respiratory tract, lung hypoplasia, pathological GER, somatic growth abnormalities, and skeletal deformations. Children operated for CDH should be followed up regularly for many years by a multispecialty medical team. Diagnostics and/or follow-up of the above complications require detailed clinical examination, lung perfusion scintigraphy, spirometry, and 24-hour pH-metry.
On the Regularity of the Composition of Diffeomorphisms

For $M$ a closed manifold or the Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^n$, the authors present a detailed proof of regularity properties of the composition of $H^s$-regular diffeomorphisms of $M$ for $s > \frac{1}{2}\dim M 1$.
To Study The Status of LH: FSH Ratio in Obese And Non-Obese Patients of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Aim : To evaluate LH: FSH ratio in obese and non-obese patients of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome(PCOS). Material and method:The study was conducted in Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi. 102 patients were selected from patients visiting department of obstetrics and gynaecology, dermatology and medicine for complaint of menstrual irregularities, acne, hirsuitism, obesity and infertility. Ethical consent was taken. After proper counselling, informed consent of patients were taken. Fasting blood sample was taken on 3 rd day of normal or induced menstrual cycle. Serum Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) was estimated with the help of chemiluminescence ABBOTT 1000 isr. Results: 78.43% had high level of LH. 72.5% had low FSH level. 74.5% had high LH: FSH ratio. 13.44% obese patient had high LH compared to 12.22% of normal weight patient. 5.29% of obese patient had low FSH level compared to 5.86% of normal weight patient. Similarly 2.67% of obese patient had high LH: FSH ratio. Conclusion: In PCOS women gonadotrophin ovarian axis is disturbed which is reflected by high LH and low FSH value. This hormonal imbalance leads to oligomenorrhoea, anovulation leading to infertility. Acne, hirshutism and obesity is seen in such patient of PCOS. Life style modification can help in curbing the disease to a great extent.
Annexin structure and membrane interactions: a molecular perspective.

CONTENTS PERSPECTIVES AND OVERVIEW. 193 ANNEXIN MOLECULAR STRUCTURE . 195 Calcium-Binding Sites . 198 Phospholipid Membrane Binding. 201 Annexin Self-Association and Quaternary Structure. 202 ANNEXIN INTERACTIONS WITH PHOSPHOLIPID MEMBRANES . 203 Annexins: Transmembrane or Peripheral Membrane Proteins? 203 Effects of Annexin Binding on Membrane Parameters . 205 EXAMPLES OF ANNEXIN IN VITRO FUNCTIONS: PROPOSED MOLECULAR MECHANISMS . 206 Membrane Bridging by Annexins . 206 Molecular Models of Annexins as Ion Channel Proteins . 209 CONCLUDING REMARKS . 210
BIOSORPTION OF HEAVY METALS

The discharge of heavy metals into aquatic ecosystems has become a matter of concern in India over the last few decades. These pollutants are introduced into the aquatic systems significantly as a result of various industrial operations. Industrialization in India gained a momentum with initiation of five year developmental plan in the early 50's. The pollutants of concern include lead, chromium, mercury, uranium, selenium, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, gold, silver, copper and nickel. These toxic materials may be derived from mining operations, refining ores, sludge disposal, fly ash from incinerators, the processing of radioactive materials, metal plating, or the manufacture of electrical equipment, paints, alloys, batteries, pesticides or preservatives. Heavy metals such as zinc, lead and chromium have a number of applications in basic engineering works, paper and pulp industries, leather tanning, organochemicals, petrochemicals, fertlisers, etc. Major lead pollution is through automobiles and battery manufacturers. For zinc and chromium the major application is in fertliser and leather tanning respectively (Trivedi, 1989). Over the few decades, several methods have been devised for the treatment and removal of heavy metals.
Trends in Kidney Transplantation in Australia and New Zealand, 1993–2004

Background. We hypothesize that transplant outcome in Australia and New Zealand has improved despite more unfavorable transplant characteristics. Data from the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant registry was used to examine this hypothesis. Methods. All adult kidney-only transplants from January 1993 to December 2004 in Australia or New Zealand were followed-up until death or December 2005. Outcomes were adjusted for covariates in multivariate models, with transplant year modeled as a continuous variable. Results. Altogether 6764 patients were included. There were proportionately more live donor and primary transplants, older donors and recipients, and higher recipient body mass index, waiting time, and human leukocyte antigen mismatch in recent cohorts. Death-censored graft loss decreased (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.92 [0.90–0.95] per year, P<0.001). This trend was seen at both 0–1 and 1–5 years posttransplant, and was mainly for immune-mediated graft losses. Patient survival improved only in New Zealand, and only for the first posttransplant year (adjusted odds ratio: 0.88 [0.82–0.95] per year, P=0.001). Cardiovascular deaths decreased while infection or cancer deaths were unchanged. Adjusted delayed graft function rates were unchanged. The acute rejection incidence at 6 months decreased (adjusted odds ratio: 0.88 [0.85–0.90] per year, P<0.001). One and 3-year graft function significantly improved, even after adjusting for rejection. All outcomes did not vary by expanded donor criteria status. Conclusions. Graft survival and function have improved in recent years, but long-term patient survival remains unchanged. With longer follow-up, the improvement in rejection rates and graft function may lead to further improvements in long-term graft survival and potentially better patient survival.