Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quality by design (Qbd) assisted development of phytosomal gel of aloe vera extract for topical delivery

Abstract The aim of the current study was to develop the phytosomal gel of aloe vera extract for improved topical delivery. Aloe vera extract loaded phytosomal system was developed by fixing the amount of aloe vera extract and ethanol and by varying the concentration of lecithin (0.15–0.25% w/v) and speed of rotation (80–120 rpm). Different formulation batches were prepared as per the Design expert software. A 22 Factorial design was applied to optimize the formulation on the basis of vesicular size and entrapment efficiency. Developed formulations were evaluated for vesicular size, entrapment efficiency, PDI, zeta potential and in-vitro release. Further stability studies were also performed. For the optimized formulation (F09), vesicular size, entrapment efficiency and PDI were found as 123.1 ± 1.44 nm, 95.67 ± 0.27% and 0.98 ± 0.06. Zeta potential of −11.9 mV and drug release of 56.91 ± 4.1% obtained in 24 h. Drug release kinetics from the phytosomes follows Higuchi model. TEM micrograph confirms the uniform structure of phytosomes. Phytosomal gel of optimized phytosomal formulation (F09) was developed with 1% Carbopol 934 and physically characterized on the basis of pH, viscosity, homogeneity and drug content. Ex-vivo permeation study showed the better permeation and flux profile of phytosomal gel with the conventional aloe vera extract gel. Also, studies on phytosomal formulation and gel showed stability up-to 3 months. Thus overall, it can be concluded that the phytosomal gel is a good carrier for topical delivery of herbal extract such as aloe vera.
Evaluation of Scheduling Architectures for OSEK/VDX Compliant Hard Real-Time Operating Systems

Developing technology is reflected to the vehicles as well. But it brings the challenge of adding new functionalities to vehicles without compromising safety. The chips, which are used to provide the functionalities, are determined in the first step of ECU design. This decision will effect the remaining part of the development. Designing hardware and software together with testing phase is a long process in automotive industry. Changing the design of the hardware is quite costly after an ECU begins to be used in field. For these reasons, the selection of chips is directly related to cost and the functionality which should be provided to customer. Tasks, which fulfill desired functionality, provide a balance between performance and safety. These were evaluated for an OSEK/VDX certified OS and results are presented from the scheduling algorithms point of view.
Lachlan McWilliams & Ashley Coveney

Mikulincer and Shaver's (2007) model of attachment-system functioning and dynamics in adulthood provided the impetus for developing three self-report measures assessing adult attachment characteristics. These scales are collectively referred to as the Tripartite Attachment Battery (TAB). The Secure Attachment Scale assesses attachment insecurity-security along a single dimension. This is the first self-report measure designed to directly assess attachment security in adults in this manner. The Organized Insecurity Scale includes subscales assessing two specific forms of insecurity: attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance. Unlike other popular measures of adult attachment assessing these constructs, it also includes items that capture secondary attachment strategies related to anxiety (i.e., hyperactivation) and avoidance (i.e., deactivation). The Disorganized Attachment Scale is based on an earlier self-report measure. It captures a more severe form of attachment insecurity characterised by fear, confusion about relationships, and distrust. The process of developing items for these measures is briefly described and an initial psychometric evaluation of each measure is presented. These evaluations were aimed at: (a) assessing the internal consistency of each scale or subscale, and (b) identifying poor items that may need to be removed or modified. A small convenience sample (N = 53) was used. Each measure had a high level of internal consistency, with coefficient alphas ranging from . 81 to . 93. Recommendations regarding further revising and evaluating the measures included in the TAB are presented.
User Selection for Millimeter Wave Non-Uniform Full Dimensional MIMO

The millimeter wave (mmWave) based full-dimensional (FD) MIMO communication is one of the promising technology to fulfill the demand of high data rate for the sixth generation (6G) services including 6D hologram, haptic and multi-sensory communications. In order to satisfy the requirements of 6G applications, we investigate a non-uniform rectangular array (NURA) structure with FD-MIMO antenna systems for the multiuser mmWave communications. For the dense scenarios where the number of users to be served is high, we propose user selection algorithms for both digital and hybrid transceiver designs in FD-MIMO with NURA for the multiuser mmWave communications. For the digital transceivers, the users are selected based on their channel correlation considering FD-MIMO with NURA structures. For the hybrid transceivers, sequential user and beam selection is performed using the correlation between the beamspace channels in FD-MIMO with NURA case. The superiority of the NURA compared to uniform antenna structure is shown through the performance evaluations in the multiuser mmWave communications. Besides, the sum data rate results and complexity analysis denote the feasibility of the proposed algorithms compared to the joint user and beam selection schemes.
UEP Online Fountain Codes with Sequential Window Strategy

Online fountain code with Unequal Error Protection (UEP) has been proposed to provide better protection for the More Important Symbols (MISs) than that of the Less Important Symbols (LISs). However, the greater priority for MISs is accomplished substantially through choosing MISs with higher probability than that of LISs in encoding. Compared with normal online fountain code, this requires more code symbols to recover all symbols, which leads to high overhead. To reduce the overhead without affecting UEP performance, we propose a novel UEP online fountain codes scheme with sequential window strategy to provide best protection for LISs after decoding MISs in the completion phase. We have theoretically analyzed the upper bound on the overhead of the proposed UEP scheme and evaluated the performance by simulation. Both results show that the proposed scheme has lower overhead than the UEP online fountain codes scheme in [1].
A Modelling Framework for Characterising the Impacts of Uncertainty on Energy Systems

A modelling framework was developed for characterising the impacts of variability and uncertainty of renewable generation and load on a multi-vector and multi-scale energy system. A time series synthesis algorithm was proposed to produce a large number of daily profiles for wind, PV and load, representing possible variation features. Based on the synthetic time series, four models with different uncertainty characteristics were built and applied to generate forecast scenarios for wind and PV. Using the generated scenarios, the operation of a combined gas and electricity system was formulated as a two-stage stochastic mixed-integer linear optimisation problem. A simplified Great Britain’s energy system was investigated under different flexibility options and uncertainty characterisations. Results indicate that electricity storage was the most effective measure to reduce operation cost. The impacts of uncertainty characterisation methods were significant only when system flexibility was insufficient.
Ripple Minimization for Harmonic-geared Series Elastic Actuator under Force Control

This paper develops an accurate force control algorithm an reduce the effect of torque ripple for the Series Elastic Actuators (SEA). The harmonic drive is a geared system which is widely utilized in actuators such as SEA. However, it becomes a big challenge to achieve highly accurate force control performance in SEA because of harmonic drive torque ripple. In this study, the harmonic drive ripple model is analyzed and characterized. The derived model is utilized to minimize the effect of ripple with force observation and controller for SEA. Experimental verifications are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm.
LUT-Based Focal Beamforming System Using 2-D Adaptive Sequential Searching Algorithm for Microwave Power Transfer

This paper presents a look-up table (LUT)-based focal beamforming system that can effectively transmit RF power up to mid-range distances (≤ 3 m) including when the Rx is in the near-field zones. The Tx elements control and radiate signals for the Rx even at the near-field zone ensuring the received signals are in-phase. Since the proposed system uses a LUT for storing the phase sets of the signals for the Tx elements, it requires only very simple hardware and a very simple adaptive control algorithm compared to conventional retroreflective method. In order to track the moving Rx, a 2-D adaptive sequential searching algorithm is proposed. The system can find the optimum phase set by sequentially searching the phase sets for a pre-determined 2-D area. The LUT of the phase sets are generated using geometric analysis over the entire 2-D area where the Rx could be located. To verify the proposed method, a 5.2 GHz mid-range (≤ 3 m) MPT system composed of a $4\times 8$ Tx array and a $2\times 3$ Rx array was designed and implemented. Using the proposed 2-D adaptive sequential searching algorithm, the optimum phase set for focal beamforming can be quickly found for a given position of the Rx. In our experiments, the results showed an RF power level of 177.8 mW was received at the Rx with a distance of 1 m with a total radiated RF power of 16W. Since the measured received power levels for various Rx positions agree well with the simulation results, the proposed system was proved to be an excellent candidate for the practical application.
RNA Secondary Structure Prediction using Machine Learning: A Review

Complete knowledge of base pairing in RNA secondary structure would open novel avenues in disease treatment and regulation of cellular processes. In pursuit of this objective, probabilistic models, especially those employing machine learning have come to dominate RNA secondary structure prediction, proving better than previous tools which were based upon comparative sequence analysis or folding algorithms employing thermodynamic and stochastic parameter schemes. This review studies landmark models using machine learning techniques, which have accelerated the research in RNA secondary structure prediction in the past two decades. Additionally, an elaboration on RNA types, functions, and their functional mechanisms in diseases, is intended to provide the reader with the prerequisite knowledge to understand the vitality of unearthing structural information of RNA. An outline of alternate RNA structure tools and techniques is also incorporated for a better understanding of the theme.
Design and Analysis of a Three-Degree-of-Freedom Parallel Robot

In this paper, a new three-degree-of-freedom parallel robot is designed, which adopts a parallelogram structure with each branch, which is driven by a synchronous belt and uses rotating joints instead of ball hinges. This structure not only saves cost but also has better mechanical properties and basically meets the general working requirements. The kinematic analysis of the 3-DOF robot based on this branch structure was then carried out, including position analysis and velocity analysis, and then the solution of the kinetic equations and trajectory planning were carried out, and the trajectory was set up as a gate-shape, using the interpolation method of circular arc plus straight line, and the expressions for the trajectory were solved.
Critical Wind Turbine Components Prognostics: A Comprehensive Review

As wind energy is becoming a significant utility source, minimizing the operation and maintenance (O&M) expenses has raised a crucial issue to make wind energy competitive to fossil fuels. Wind turbines (WTs) are subject to unexpected failures due to operational and environmental conditions, aging, and so on. An accurate estimation of time to failures assures reliable power production and lower maintenance costs. In recent years, a notable amount of research has been undertaken to propose prognosis techniques that can be employed to forecast the remaining useful life (RUL) of wind farm assets. This article provides a recent literature review on modeling developments for the RUL prediction of critical WT components, including physics-based, artificial intelligence (AI)-based, stochastic-based, and hybrid prognostics. In particular, the pros and cons of the prognosis models are investigated to assist researchers in selecting proper models for certain applications of WT RUL forecast. Our comprehensive review has revealed that hybrid methods are now the leading and most accurate tools for WT failure predictions over individual hybrid components. Strong candidates for future research include the consideration of variable operating environments, component interaction, physics-based prognostics, and the Bayesian application in the development of WT prognosis methods.
Control of Three-Phase Grid Integrated Multiple Solar Photovoltaic Arrays-BES Based Microgrid

This work presents a three-phase grid integrated multiple solar photovoltaic (PV) arrays-battery energy storage (BES) with a bidirectional converter based microgrid (MG) system. Two solar PV arrays with an individual incremental conductance (InC) maximum power point (MPP) tracking technique for the maximum power extraction in an economical and efficient single stage configuration are integrated to an independent DC link of main voltage source converter (VSC) and ancillary VSC. These VSCs relate to individual nonlinear loads, at the point of common coupling (PCC) and are connected in parallel, which facilitate the MG expansion to transfer active power to the grid, and to enhance the reliability and performance of MG system in off-grid mode. The main VSC works with the current control, in usual conditions in the grid interactive mode and at the occurrence of some faults or interruption in the grid, main VSC switches over to the voltage control in an off-grid mode. The utilization of power electronics switch ensures the fast and transient free transition operation between these two modes of main VSC. A buck-boost converter is connected with BES at the DC link of main VSC, which manages the charging and discharging process of it in accordance to base and peak load demands, correspondingly and maintains voltage for MPP tracking at its DC link. The voltage control for main VSC, maintains the frequency and voltage at PCC, hence distributes a reliable and continual power to loads and provides voltage for the ancillary VSC, to work with current control. The current control for both VSCs utilizes the PV array power feed-forward constituent to improve system’s dynamic performance and to improve the power quality issues i.e. harmonics current mitigation and correction of power factor. The system’s performance is observed satisfactory for steady state and dynamic scenarios like, solar insolation change, load unbalance and is validated with MATLAB / SIMULINK.
Analysis of Balance Controllers for Cascaded Modular Solid-State Transformer during Steady-state, Transient and Fault Conditions

Cascaded Modular Solid-State Transformer (CMSST) is proposed as an alternative to the conventional transformer for smart grids where controlled bidirectional power flow, provision to integrate distributed generation, grid support with ancillary services and feasibility for islanded operation have become absolute necessity. Even though CMSST is modular in design (both phase-wise and system-wise), voltage balance controllers (VBC) and power balance controllers (PBC) are still required to compensate the mismatches in passive elements of various modules. The design and control philosophy of VBC and PBC are well understood in the literature, however, influence of these balance controllers on steady-state and fault performance is less studied. In this paper, analysis of balance controllers during steady-state, transient and faulty conditions are studied interms of harmonics in grid current, bandwidth of system and choice of fault indicators. The presented analysis is substantiated with experimental results from a 1 kV A CMSST prototype. These findings can serve as a good starting guidelines while choosing appropriate balance controllers for CMSST.
Suppressing Output Fluctuation of Dynamic Wireless Charging System by Dual-Loop Control of Receiver-Side Boost Converter

Dynamic wireless charging (DWC) technology enables the electric vehicle (EV) to be charged while driving. However, output of a DWC system often suffers severe fluctuations which results from the driving effects. This paper researches on output control methods of the receiver-side boost converter. It is found that direct output control brings in obvious charging fluctuations because of its inherent limitation. Hence, dual-loop control is utilized to solve this problem. Simulation results indicate that dual-loop control achieves a magnitude attenuation of 16 dB on the audio susceptibility characteristic. The charging current fluctuations at an emulated driving speed of 108km/h, under dual-loop control and direct control, are 0.3A and 2A with 5A output reference, respectively. Experimental results show a great improvement on output fluctuation with the receiver-side control.
Generation of Runaway Electrons and X-ray at a Microsecond Voltage Rise Time in Different Gases

The results of studies of the generation of runaway electron beams and X-ray radiation in an inhomogeneous electric field in air, nitrogen, argon and helium under the pressures from 1 to 100 kPa are presented. The high-voltage generator producing a voltage pulse with an amplitude up to 200 kV and a rise time of ~ 1.5 µs was used. A runaway electron beam in helium at a pressure of 100 kPa was recorded with a collector. In air, nitrogen, and argon, a runaway electron beam had relatively small amplitudes and energies, and was recorded by the collector only at low pressures (<20 kPa). X-ray radiation behind an aluminum foil anode for all four gases in the total pressure range was detected with a scintillator and a PMT. For a microsecond voltage rise time, it is necessary to use cathodes providing the highest voltage of the gap breakdown.
High Level Drone Application Enabler: An Open Source Architecture

The interest of open source software in order to empower the capabilities of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is growing rapidly into various business applications. In this paper, a complete, multi-layered, and open source flight architecture is proposed. This architecture includes an integrated flight stack, which comprises two side stacks: the UAV side stack and the Ground Control Station (GCS) side stack. Furthermore, a communication layer is used for managing the communication between the two side stacks. The proposed architecture is evaluated on a simulated UAV, and it envisions to be a software stack that will facilitate the development of more complex UAV concepts such as Flying Ad-hoc Networks (FANETs).
An Artificial Anisotropy Four-Step HIE-FDTD Method With Lower Numerical Dispersion Error

In this article, by introducing artificial anisotropic (AA) parameters in the four-step hybrid implicit-explicit finite-difference time domain (HIE-FDTD) method, an AA four-step HIE-FDTD method is proposed, which can reduce the numerical dispersion error and improve the computational accuracy. Firstly, the Maxwell’s matrix equation is decomposed into four sub-matrix equations by using the split-step scheme, and artificial anisotropy parameters are introduced, then the proposed AA four-step HIE-FDTD is obtained. Furthermore, the stability analysis of the AA four-step HIE-FDTD method shows that the stability condition of the proposed method is closed to the original four-step HIE-FDTD method. Next, the numerical dispersion characteristics of the proposed method are analyzed and compared with other HIE-FDTD methods. The results show that the numerical dispersion error of the proposed method is significantly reduced compared with the four-step HIE-FDTD method. Finally, the performance of the proposed method is further verified by the numerical simulation. Numerical results show that the proposed method has lower numerical dispersion error and higher computational accuracy than that of the four-step HIE-FDTD method.
PAPR Suppressing Discrete Fourier Transform Precoding-based DSSS-GFDM Transceiver for 5G Satellite Communications

In order to address the issue that the orthogonality could hardly be guaranteed over satellite channels, the generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) has been applied and combined with the direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) to combat the carrier frequency offset (CFO). However, due to the superposition of signals over multiple subcarriers, GFDM based systems still suffer from the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). In order to suppress the PAPR while retaining the reliability performances over satellite channels, we propose to utilize the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) precoding to spread the signals in the time domain, thus the probability of superposing signals having the same phase is lowered, thereby leading to the improved PAPR performances. At the receiver, reverse operations are conducted to retrieve the estimates. Furthermore, we analyze the PAPR performances for the proposed design. Then we provide the simulation results to validate that the proposed transceiver could effectively suppress the PAPR performances, while retaining satisfactory BER performances over the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and the international telecommunication union (ITU) satellite channels without or with CFO.
Improvement from Proof Of Concept into the production environment: cater for highperformance capability

We developed the Trust Engine as a component of an adaptive multi-factor authentication system. The Proof-of-concept was tested and found to meet all functional requirements, but it does not meet the scalability requirement. It is crucial to make the Trust Engine scalable because the authentication platform serves applications that have up to millions of users. We discover that the architecture and database design of the Trust Engine component is the root cause. Thus, we redesigned the database and modified the architecture while maintaining correctness of the functions and compatibility with the authentication platform. Here we present the techniques we use and show the success with performance test results.
Analysis of Common Mode Current of Isolated Converters Caused by Imbalance Factor Mismatch

This paper presents a novel methodology for estimating the common mode (CM) current in isolated converters. We applied mode conversion theory as related to imbalance factor mismatch in transmission lines to an LLC resonant converter, and derived a theoretical equation representing the CM current by examining four operation modes of the converter. The CM current described by our proposed equation agreed closely with the results of a circuit simulation, indicating that mode conversion theory specific to transmission lines is also effective for the CM current estimation in switching converter circuits.