Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigating aneuploidy's role in cancer cell fitness under various conditions of stress

iii Acknowledgements . iv List of figures and tables . vi Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Brief History of Cancer and Cancer Therapy . 1 Overview of the Cell Cycle . 2 Mitosis . 3 Pathways to Aneuploidy . 4 Defects in SAC (Spindle Assembly Checkpoint) . 5 Cohesion Defects . 6 Kinetochore Attachment Defects . 7 Chromosome Segregation Defects and CIN . 8 Consequences of aneuploidy . 10 Chapter 2: Aneuploidy enhances the hallmarks of cancer cells . 18 Abstract . 19 Introduction . 20 Results . 22 Aneuploidy suppresses cell proliferation under normal culture conditions, but favors cell proliferation under selective conditions . 22 Cell division vs. suppression of apoptosis as a mechanism to increase proliferation rates . 23 Aneuploidy can increase anchorage-independent growth of cancer cells cultured under selective conditions . 24 Aneuploidy increases the invasive capacity of colorectal cancer cells . 24 Discussion . 25 Materials and Methods . 28 Cell lines and culture conditions . 28 Growth curves . 28 Mitotic index analysis . 29 TUNEL assay . 29 Fluorescence microscopy . 29 Soft agar assay . 30 Matrigel invasion assay . 31 Acknowledgements . 32 Chapter 3: Conclusions and perspectives . 39 References . 43
Quasi-Normally-Off AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with Strained Comb Gate for Power Electronics Applications

The quasi-normally-off operation of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs was realized using strain engineering. The dual-layer silicon nitride (SiNx) stressors applied compression to the gate region in devices, and the introduced compression translated to piezoelectric polarization charges and hence, increased the threshold voltage of devices. The devices with dual-layer stressors showed quasi-normally-off characteristics and the threshold voltage of 0.17 V. Besides, the comb-gate structure was introduced to suppress the short channel effects. The on-state performance of the comb-gate devices, including on-resistance $(\pmb{R}_{\pmb{on}})$ and saturation current $(\pmb{I}_{\pmb{d},\pmb{sat}})$, was benchmarked against that of p-GaN gate HEMTs from a commercial foundry. The dual-layer stressor and comb-gate structure further improved the feasibility of strain engineering as a practical approach in the pursuit of the normally-off operation of AIGaN/GaN HEMTs in power electronics applications.
Periodic Monitoring of Rivers Using Portable Sensor System

Rivers are the lifeline of human civilization from ancient times and almost all the human settlements had evolved around it. In this present era, human population has grown at a rapid pace and the anthropogenic activities have grown along with it. Pollution levels of rivers are increasing day by day due to increase in anthropogenic activities, as huge amount of waste gets disposed into it. Several kinds of waste including domestic and industrial waste have been a major source of pollution for the rivers. These pollutants have severely affected the aquatic ecosystem. To keep a check with the increasing pollution levels in the rivers, periodic monitoring of river water quality is essential. In this paper, we present a low cost sensor system model which comprises Arduino, designed and developed for the periodic monitoring of river Ganga. Water quality parameters like turbidity, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), pH and temperature are measured on periodic basis. Recorded sensor data can be transferred to the computer system and still processed further.
Semantic Linking Maps for Active Visual Object Search

We aim for mobile robots to function in a variety of common human environments. Such robots need to be able to reason about the locations of previously unseen target objects. Landmark objects can help this reasoning by narrowing down the search space significantly. More specifically, we can exploit background knowledge about common spatial relations between landmark and target objects. For example, seeing a table and knowing that cups can often be found on tables aids the discovery of a cup. Such correlations can be expressed as distributions over possible pairing relationships of objects. In this paper, we propose an active visual object search strategy method through our introduction of the Semantic Linking Maps (SLiM) model. SLiM simultaneously maintains the belief over a target object’s location as well as landmark objects’ locations, while accounting for probabilistic inter-object spatial relations. Based on SLiM, we describe a hybrid search strategy that selects the next best view pose for searching for the target object based on the maintained belief. We demonstrate the efficiency of our SLiM-based search strategy through comparative experiments in simulated environments. We further demonstrate the realworld applicability of SLiM-based search in scenarios with a Fetch mobile manipulation robot.
Requirements for Spoken Conversational Agents in Games

Spoken conversational systems have mainly been designed to collaborate with a user to solve a particular task, such as managing bank trans-actions or book travels. Now the development has reached a point where new areas of application may be possible, such as in digital games and interactive story worlds. The aim of this paper is to present a number of features that are required if we are to place a spoken conversational agent (SCA) in a virtual game world. We will explore the di(cid:27)erences between a typical SCA and an in-game SCA, and see what consequences these di(cid:27)erence have on the requirements.
A proposal for service design based on user’s action history using machine learning

With the development of IoT techniques, it become easier to collect users’ action data. By analyzing and using those data, consumers and producers will mutually exchange their intelligence and better customize product development processes. This study examines a proposed system using sensor shoes with several sensor devices embedded in the insoles, collecting action data of users, extracting their action features, and then issuing some advice to help users train more efficiently. As described herein, a service model uses a backpropagation (BP) network to distinguish users' actions and to extract their action features using using Self-organization Map from the presented sensing data. Finally, we review their performance via experimentation.
CVSimP: An approach for predicting proteins’ structural similarity using one-shot learning

Proteomics is considered an important field from the computational biology. It deals with answering some challenging questions regarding proteins structure. On the other hand, it is nowadays well known that computer vision and machine learning can be used together to build powerful systems for analysing complex image data. This paper introduces a new approach for grouping proteins based on their internal structure similarity. We propose a system based on one-shot learning and siamese convolutional neural networks for dealing with this task. The system analyses graphical representations of proteins obtained from the Protein data bank for clustering them together based on their structural similarities. The experimental results highlight that CVSimP outperforms, in terms of F-measure, similar related work from the literature.
Prey preference and the consumption of sea urchins and juvenile abalone by captive rock lobsters (Jasus lalandii )

Recent studies on the diet of the South African rock lobster (Jasus lalandii) have shown an increase in the consumption of sea urchins in certain areas relative to earlier assessments. Concurrent ecological surveys have demonstrated the dependence of juvenile abalone on urchins for their survival, and a radical increase in the abundance of lobsters in the area that is the main abalone fishing ground. This paper describes laboratory experiments on the consumption of urchins by lobsters, and the preferences for different prey species. Small lobsters (<68 mm carapace length) ate no urchins. Larger lobsters ate urchins of all sizes, although small urchins were preferred. The consumption rate was easily sufficient for the lobsters to have caused the documented disappearance of urchins (and juvenile abalone) in the main abalone fishing area. Lobsters showed a strong preference for mussels over all other prey offered, and for juvenile abalone over urchins, although previous field observations and laboratory experiments have shown that urchins provide shelter for juvenile abalone. However, if black mussels were available in addition to sea urchins and juvenile abalone, consumption of sea urchins and juvenile abalone declined.
n-bit Data Parallel Spin Wave Logic Gate

Due to their very nature, Spin Waves (SWs) created in the same waveguide, but with different frequencies, can coexist while selectively interacting with their own species only. The absence of inter-frequency interferences isolates input data sets encoded in SWs with different frequencies and creates the premises for simultaneous data parallel SW based processing without hardware replication or delay overhead. In this paper we leverage this SW property by introducing a novel computation paradigm, which allows for the parallel processing of n-bit input data vectors on the same basic SW based logic gate. Subsequently, to demonstrate the proposed concept, we present 8-bit parallel 3-input Majority gate implementation and validate it by means of Object Oriented MicroMagnetic Framework (OOMMF) simulations. To evaluate the potential benefit of our proposal we compare the 8-bit data parallel gate with equivalent scalar SW gate based implementation. Our evaluation indicates that 8-bit data 3-input Majority gate implementation requires 4.16x less area than the scalar SW gate based equivalent counterpart while preserving the same delay and energy consumption figures.
Key words: Atomic Force Microscopy, AFM, cell biology, ground research, technology ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY AS TOOL IN CELL BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH FOR GROUND BASED AND IN-FLIGHT STUDIES

1 Dutch Experiment Support Center (DESC), Dept. Oral Biology, ACTA-Vrije Universiteit, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Tel: +31 20 444 8663, Fax: +31 20 444 8683, E-mail: J.van_Loon. ocb.acta@med.vu. nl. 2 University of Twente, Applied Optics Group, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands. Tel: +31 53 4893172, Fax: +31 53 4891105, E-mail: N.F. vanHulst@tn.utwente. nl.
Improved Image Retrieval And Classification Using Color, Texture And Shape Features

: This paper sheds the light on a new approach of Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR). It combines the classification by SVM with the similarity measure using the GLCM, Gabor and Surf descriptors. This work focuses on these descriptors level of improvement. This improvement paves the way to a new approach of image research. The proposed approach is applied to synthetic and real data. Thus, the results are compared to those obtained by other method. The compared results of those algorithms of images search has revealed the good performance of the proposed approach. It also highlights the capacities of SVM as a classification tool of images.
Ecological impacts on aquatic macroinvertebrates following upland stream invasion by a ponded pasture grass (Glyceria maxima) in southern Australia

Glyceria maxima (Reed sweet-grass), an emergent aquatic grass native to Eurasia, has naturalised in North America, New Zealand and southern Australia. Introduced as a ponded pasture species, it threatens native biodiversity and ecosystem processes in freshwater wetlands and waterways. We compared paired sections, either invaded or not invaded by G. maxima, of three upland streams in Gippsland, Victoria, Australia to infer its impacts on macroinvertebrate abundance, morphospecies density, and morphospecies and functional feeding group (FFG) composition. Its potential effects in altering sedimentation were explored by comparing stream channel morphology in paired stream sections at one site. Invasion by G. maxima appears to drive changes in macroinvertebrate morphospecies composition and FFG composition, reducing a diverse array of macroinvertebrates to a more uniform fauna. The estimated volume of plant/sediment matrix in a 50 m invaded stream section was around 1100 m3, nearly 15-fold greater than in an adjacent uninvaded stream section. Glyceria maxima is an autogenic ecosystem engineer, with the ability to convert sections of fast-flowing aerobic streams into partially anaerobic swamps. By generating a root-mat swamp with a high capacity to process nutrients, G. maxima may facilitate its own growth and spread, as well as that of secondary invaders.
Performance of Random Access Games over an IEEE 802.11ac Testbed

It is well known that the wireless networks following the IEEE 802.11 standard do not achieve high throughput and short-term fairness when the network size is large. Many game-theoretic random access MAC protocols have been proposed to address this limitation. Performance of game-theory based protocols can be precisely analyzed, predicted and tuned unlike protocols based on purely ad-hoc arguments. In this paper, we implement game-theoretic CSMA MAC protocols in an indoor IEEE 802.11ac wireless network testbed. We perform extensive experiments for various network configurations. Measurements indicate that the game-based models achieve higher average throughput, lower access delay and lower access delay deviation compared to the standard DCF algorithm.
Converting Image Annotation into Text Classification: A Trial of Changing Modalities of Data with Neural Networks

: Thanks to test collections for shared tasks arranged by international workshops, it has been easier to grasp performances of research tasks than ever. If we can replace a research task where systems have showed poor performances into another task where systems have showed high performances, we expect the performance gain from the difference of the solution levels among them. Taking two tasks: Image Annotation and Text Classification as a trial, we propose a method of modality converting from images to texts using a neural network. We report the experimental results that we got so far and discuss the research plan.
Leaf structural organization of Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus (Gomes) L.R. Landrum, Myrtaceae

Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus (Gomes) L.R. Landrum is a native species from Brazil and occurs mainly in cerrado, caatinga and Atlantic rainforest vegetation. It is commonly known as "craveiro-do-mato", "louro-cravo" or "cha-de-bugre". It is a tree species whose leaves are used for cooking; they smell and taste like cloves (Syzygium aromaticum). This study describes the leaf anatomy of the species. The leaves were sliced with a microtome, stained with 1% toluidine blue and prepared on slides. The histological sections were from the medium section, between the edge and the midrib of the leaves The lower leaf epidermis has anomocytic stomata complexes and non-glandular coats. The epidermis is unicellular; its cells are covered by a thick cuticle. The mesophyll is dorsiventral. The bicollateral vascular bundles are sheathed. Idioblasts with druses, monocrystals and lisigenous secretory canals were found along the entire leaf blade. We conclude that leaf anatomy provides new information on the species, with structures common in leaves of Myrtaceae.
Ectopic expression of DNAJB6 ameliorates Huntington’s disease phenotype in R6/2 mouse model

Protein aggregation hallmarks many neurodegenerative diseases, including polyglutamine diseases (polyQ) like Huntington’s disease (HD). Molecular chaperones are the first line of defense in maintaining protein homeostasis and are important in combating neurodegeneration. Here we show that DNAJB6, a member of DNAJ family of molecular chaperone, very efficiently inhibits aggregate formation by early acting on the initiation step. Brain specific expression of the chaperone in the R6/2 model for Huntington disease, which does not affects the general heat shock response in neurons, delays nuclear inclusion formation in the striatum and delays the onset of behavioral/motor-coordination deficits. Muscle aggregate formation and muscle wasting are unaffected, confirming that the disease is largely initiated by neuronal degeneration. The latter also implies that the effects of DNAJB6 are cell autonomous and not inducing cell non-autonomous effects in distant tissues. DNAJB6 overexpression prolongs lifespan of the R6/2 mice by 23%, meaning that DNAjB6 is the so far most potent chaperone suppressing polyQ disease and thus a target for therapy in this disease
Salt glands in a Tithonian metriorhynchid crocodyliform and their physiological significance

Our knowledge of Mesozoic tetrapods is based mainly on osteological evidence. The discussion of the evolution of any homeostatic system is highly speculative because direct non-osteological evidence is uncommon. Here we report an extraordinarily well-preserved cast of a pair of lobulated protuberances in the skull of the marine metriorhynchid crocodiliform Geosaurus from the Tithonian (Jurassic) of Patagonia (Argentina). These protuberances are interpreted as representing salt glands. Based on their topology, these glands are identified as the nasals. Optimization of this character on a phylogenetic tree permits us to infer the ancestral condition for archosaurs. The relationship between salt gland and diet is also analysed. The presence of hypertrophied salt glands in the skull of Geosaurus suggests that as early as 140 million years ago, some Mesozoic marine reptiles had evolved an extra-renal osmoregulatory system. This achievement was an important clue in the successful colonization of marine environments. Salt glands preclude the risk of lethal dehydration and allow marine reptiles to include an important amount of invertebrates in their diet.
Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR) General Evolution Equation for the Specific Interfacial Area of Dendrites During Alloy Solidification

The specific area of the solid-liquid interface of an assembly of dendrites is an important integral measure of the morphology of the microstructure forming during alloy solidification. It represents the inverse of a characteristic length scale and is needed for the prediction of solidification defects and material properties. In the present study, the evolution of the interfacial area of dendrites is analysed using 3D phase-field simulations. A general evolution equation is developed for the specific interfacial area as a function of time and solid volume fraction that accounts for the effects of growth, curvature-driven coarsening and interface coalescence. The relation is validated using data from previously performed synchrotron X-ray tomography and isothermal coarsening experiments. It is found to be valid for arbitrary and even varying cooling rates and for a wide range of binary alloys. The rate constant in the evolution equation is successfully related to alloy properties.
Relation of Terrestrial‐Breeding Amphibian Abundance to Tree‐Stand Age

There is a lack of research on the effects of logging on Canadian amphibians. We compared the abundance of terrestrial salamanders in old-growth forests with that in young and mature post-harvest stands. We also measured habitat features of amphibians and contrasted these with old-growth and harvested stands to assess the effects of forest harvest. Quadrat searches demonstrated that clearcut harvesting reduces terrestrial amphibian populations by up to 70% in coastal old-growth forests. We suggest that this reduction results from a decrease in availability of moist microhabitats. Salamander densities within 10 meters of streams in managed stands were similar to those near and away from streams in old growth. We recommend that forest managers recognize the needs of terrestrial amphibians and help maintain amphibian populations by preserving cool, moist habitats. This can be accomplished within cutblocks by (1) maintaining an even distribution of logs and snags as stable, moist microhabitats; (2) retaining some understory as sources of shade, and (3) preserving streamside buffers. Managers must also ensure some level of landscape connectivity to enable climate-sensitive amphibians to disperse and recolonize marginal habitats. Existe una falta de investigacion sobre los efectos de la tala sobre los anfibios canadienses. En este estudio comparamos la abundancia de las salamandras terrestres en bosques primarios con aquellas de bosques talados jovenes y maduros. Tambien, medimos las caracteristicas del habitat de los anfibios y las contrastamos con bosques primarios y rodales bajo explotacion, para evaluar los efectos de la tala. Muestreos basados en la busqueda de salamandras en una serie de cuadrantes dispuestos al azar dentro de un area limitada, demostraron que la tola redujo las poblaciones de anfibios hasta en un 70% en bosques costeros primarios. Sugerimos que esta reduccion es el resultado de un decrecimiento en la disponibilidad de microhabitats bumedos. Las densidades de salamandras dentro de los 10 m que bordean a los arroyos en rodales bajo manejo, fueron similares a aquellas en areas cercanas y lejanas a los arroyos en bosques primarios. Recomendamos que los encargados de administrar bosques, reconozcan la necesidad de un los anfibios terrestres y ayuden a mantener las poblaciones de anfibios preservando habitats frescos y humedos. Esto puede lograrse dentro de los bloques talados mediante 1. et mantenimiento de una distribucion pareja de troncos cortados y tocones como micro-habitats humedos estables; 2. dejando parte del sotobosque como fuente de sombra y 3. preservando areas a los costados de los arroyos que sin an para amortiguar los efectos de la tala. Tambien se debe asegurar un cierto nivel de conectividad dentro del paisaje, que permita a los anfibios sensibles a los cambios climaticos, dispersarse y recolonizar habitats marginales.
Midseason Soil Water Recharge for Corn in the Northwestern Corn Belt

Incomplete soil water recharge between fall harvest and spring planting, and insufficient growing-season precipitation limit plant growth in southwestern Minnesota. Our objectives in this study were to test the hypotheses that (i) corn (L.) production on a fine-textured soil of high water-holding capacity may be increased with irrigation, and (ii) that a single application of water at midseason to partially recharge the soil water reservoir would be as beneficial to the crop as more frequent, smaller additions. Treatments consisting of irrigation timing and amounts were established in field studies conducted from 1979 to 1983 on Nicollet clay loam (Aquic Hapludoll). Soil water depletion to 0.9 m was evident during only 2 yr (1980 and 1981). A shallow water table was present in 1979 and 1980 but was not detected within 2.0 m of the soil surface from 1981 to 1983. Despite wet soil conditions and above-normal precipitation, positive and significant grain yield responses to the addition of supplemental water were observed each year except 1982. Grain yields with a single application of 76 mm at midseason exceeded those with natural precipitation by 1.57, 2.73, and 0.72 Mg ha in 1979, 1980, and 1983, respectively. No difference in grain production was noted between single midseason applications of 76 mm of water and (application of 38 mm at 50% depletion of plant-available water to a soil depth of 0.9 m). The economic feasibility of irrigation on Nicollet clay loam appears to be questionable based on yield responses to supplemental water from 1979 to 1983.