Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Significance of Different Software Metrics in Defect Prediction

This paper presents an empirical analysis of significance of different process and product metrics in defect prediction models. 48 releases of 15 open-source and 38 releases of 7 proprietary projects were investigated. Pearson correlation coefficients with the number of defects were calculated for each of the metrics respectively. Subsequently defect prediction models were built using linear stepwise regression and a discriminant analysis was conducted. Since the stepwise regression was used, the obtained models always consisted of a subset of the investigated metrics. Therefore, it was possible to check whether the selection of metrics corresponds with the correlations with number of defects and the discriminant power of the metrics. Moreover, according to the obtained results some of the metrics were recommended with regard to defect prediction.
VEGF mRNA levels in placentae from pregnancies complicated by pre‐eclampsia

imaging (MRI). Our three-year follow up study did not demonstrate any ill effects consequent upon in utero EPI magnetic resonance exposure4 and we are continuing to demonstrate the safety of our technique with a ten year follow up study in progress. The advantage of echo-planar MRI (EPI) is that images are acquired in milliseconds, overcoming previous problems encountered due to fetal motion5. We have reported on the acceptance of the technique in normal pregnancy6 but we concede the procedure would be costly if used routinely. We expect this imaging modality to be used more commonly in the future as echo-planar additions are being made to a large number of MRI scanners. EPI has a definite and complementary application to ultrasound in the assessment of different aspects of fetal growth in both the second and third trimesters and it would be interesting to compare directly the two techniques in the future. In addition EPI allows us to obtain other measurements reflecting the physiological state of the organ, and we are currently looking at relaxation parameters in the fetal lung in relation to lung maturation.
Volatility Modelling and Parametric Value-At-Risk Forecast Accuracy: Evidence from Metal Products

In this paper, we investigate the one-day-ahead VaR and ES accuracy of four metal daily return series including Aluminium, Copper, Nickel and Zinc. Since, all sample presents volatility clustering, volatility asymmetry, and volatility persistence, we have assessed five GARCH-type models including three fractionary integrated models assuming three alternative distributions (normal, Student-t and skewed Student-t distributions). Estimates results reveal the performance of AR (1) - FIAPARCH model under a skewed Student-t distribution. We have computed one-day ahead VaR and (ES) for both short and long trading positions. Backtesting results show very clearly that the skewed Student-t FIAPARCH model provides the best results for both short and long VaR estimations. These results present several potential implications for metal markets risk quantifications and hedging strategies.
A Gentle Introduction to Resampling Techniques

2 Overview of resampling 2 Permutation Methods 3 Bootstrapping 3 Monte Carlo 4 Failure of t-test: Girl Scout cookie sales 4 Demonstration of permutations 5 Demonstration of Howell’s resampling programs 5 Howell’s example: Hurry up, Fella! 5 parametric t 6 nonparametric Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon 6 Permutation tests (also called Randomization tests) 6 t as a measure of an effect 7 Howell’s Resampling program 7 Howell’s Randomization (permutation) procedure with t as an effect measure 8 Howell’s difference between medians as an effect measure 9 Impact of outliers 9 parametric t-test 10 permutation test using t-value 11 permutation test using difference between medians 12 Cookie data: Comparison of parametric and nonparametric analyses 13 Entering our own data into Howell’s program 14 create your . DAT text file data set 14 randomization (permutation) test difference between medians 15 Suggested format for presenting permutation results, APA style 16 Randomization (permutation) test using t as a measure of group difference 17 Bootstrapping demonstration 17 bootstrapping difference between medians – Parking Lot data 18 Suggested format for presenting bootstrapped results, AP style 20 Resampling with correlations 21 randomization (permutation) tests for correlation 22 bootstrapping correlations 23 Bootstrapping regression weights with an SPSS macro 24 References for resampling
Early and Aggressive Initiation of Insulin Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes: What Is the Evidence?

IN BRIEF Type 2 diabetes is a progressive disease in which b[beta symbol]-cell function continually declines and eventually fails, ultimately requiring nearly all patients to be placed on insulin therapy. An increasing body of evidence suggests that early intensive glycemic control reduces long-term vascular outcomes and potentially may prolong b[beta symbol]-cell lifespan and function. Herein, evidence in favor of early insulin therapy on disease progression and long-term outcomes will be reviewed and placed into clinical context.
Estimating physical splenic filtration of Plasmodium falciparum‐infected red blood cells in malaria patients

Splenic filtration of Plasmodium falciparum‐infected red blood cells has been hypothesized to influence malaria pathogenesis. We have developed a minimum cylindrical diameter (MCD) filtration model which estimates physical splenic filtration during malaria infection. The key parameter in the model is the MCD, the smallest tube or cylinder that a red blood cell (RBC) can traverse without lysing. The MCD is defined by a relationship between the RBC surface area and volume. In the MCD filtration model, the MCD filtration function represents the probability of a cell becoming physically removed from circulation. This modelling approach was implemented at a field site in Blantyre, Malawi. We analysed peripheral blood samples from 120 study participants in four clinically defined groups (30 subjects each): cerebral malaria, uncomplicated malaria, aparasitaemic coma and healthy controls. We found statistically significant differences in the surface area and volumes of uninfected RBCs when healthy controls were compared with malaria patients. The estimated filtration rates generated by the MCD model corresponded to previous observations in ex vivo spleen experiments and models of red blood cell loss during acute malaria anaemia.There were no differences in the estimated splenic filtration rates between cerebral malaria and uncomplicated malaria patients. The MCD filtration model estimates that at time of admission, one ring‐stage infected RBC is physically filtered by the spleen for each parasite that remains in peripheral circulation. This field study is the first to use microfluidic devices to identify rheological diversity in RBC populations associated with malaria infection and illness in well‐characterized groups of children living in a malaria endemic area.
Premiers apports archéoentomologiques de l'étude des Puces : aspects historiques et anthropologiques (Siphonaptera)

Les auteurs presentent un bilan des recentes decouvertes de Siphonapteres fossiles (Puces) en France dans des contextes archeologiques. Ces nouveaux faits sont confrontes aux donnees anciennes et recentes, surtout britanniques, et leur apport en matiere de biogeographie et de biologie des Siphonapteres est evoque. Enfin, le role de Pulex irritans comme probable vecteur de la peste est a nouveau souligne.
Identification of hepatitis C virus by immunoelectron microscopy

Summary. Sequencing of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) has provided a better understanding of the natural history, immunology, and epidemiology of this virus. However, the morphology of HCV has not been definitively characterized. In this study, through a sequence of concentration processes, virus‐like particles were isolated from human serum and liver tissue, visualized by transmission electron microscopy and identified as hepatitis C virion by immunoelectron microscopy. Spherical flavi‐like virus particles, approximately 70 nm in diameter, were observed in the fraction with 1.04–1.12 g ml‐1 sucrose density and bound to immunogold particles with monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against hepatitis C. The nucleocapsid of the particles, which were 50 nm in diameter, appeared to be icosahedral in structure and surrounded by an envelope covered with surface projections. A ‘tadpole’ form of particles was also observed. The findings indicate that the low buoyant density in sucrose and the morphological features of the hepatitis C virion are consistent with the characteristics of flaviviruses and pestiviruses.
The Ebola emergency--immediate action, ongoing strategy.

The 25th known outbreak of Ebola virus infection is unlike any of the previous epidemics. It has already killed over 2800 people — more than all previous epidemics combined; it's affecting virtually the entire territory of three countries, involving rural areas, major urban centers, and capital cities; it has been going on for almost a year; and it is occurring in West Africa, where no Ebola outbreak had previously occurred. Above all, the epidemic seems out of control and has evolved into a major humanitarian crisis that has finally mobilized the world, with responses ranging from an emergency health mission .
Individual and societal consequences of hypoglycemia: A cross-sectional survey

Abstract Background. Hypoglycemia and fear of hypoglycemia threaten individuals’ ability to work and drive. We studied the effect of hypoglycemia on the individual and society, with a focus on possible implications of new European union legislation on patients’ continued ability to drive. Methods. A cross-sectional survey of Danish Diabetes Association members was conducted to investigate individual and societal consequences of hypoglycemia. Results. A total of 3117/9951 individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) (32.2%) or type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (67.8%) completed the survey. The calculated incidence rates of self-reported severe and mild hypoglycemia were 2.9, 0.6 and 0.1 events per patient year (ppy) in patients with T1DM, insulin using T2DM and non-insulin using T2DM, respectively; and incidence rates of self-reported mild hypoglycemia were 99.0, 23.2 and 10.9 events ppy, respectively. Self-care strategies to avoid hypoglycemia include maintaining higher blood glucose levels (45.7%) and reducing physical activity (15.7%). Few people take sick leave as a result of hypoglycemia, but prolonged mental recovery ≥4 h following an episode of mild or severe hypoglycemia was reported by 8.7 and 31.0%, respectively. 26.5% of patients holding a valid driving license reported having ever had at least one episode of severe hypoglycemia. Patients considering underreporting of hypoglycemia to maintain their driving license were more likely to have experienced severe hypoglycemia (odds ratio [OR]: 3.03; 95% CI: 2.42–3.79; p < 0.0001). Conclusion. A high proportion of insulin-treated patients experience hypoglycemia resulting in fear of hypoglycemia and changes in self-care behavior that may compromise glycemic control. Many patients with a history of severe hypoglycemia consider underreporting hypoglycemic events through concern over retaining their driving license.
ON BRAIDZEL SURFACES FOR LINKS

As a generalization of pretzel surfaces, L. Rudolph has introduced a notion of braidzel surfaces in his study of the quasipositivity for pretzel surfaces. In this paper, we show that any oriented link has a braidzel surface. We also introduce a new geometric numerical invariant of links with respect to their braidzel surface and study relationships among them and other “genus” for links.
Ka-Band Radiation Pattern Reconfigurable Antenna Based on Microstrip MEMS Switches

This paper presents the use of micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) switches to realize the radiation pattern reconfiguration of microstrip antenna, which works in Ka-band. The antenna was fabricated on a silicon substrate and designed to reconfigure radiation pattern at the operation frequency of 35GHz. The simulation results show that by controlling the states of MEMS switches between the driven element and two parasitic elements, the antenna can achieve reconfiguring into three maximum radiation directions in the H-plane (θ = 0◦, ψ = 90◦, θ = 14◦, ψ = 90◦, and θ = −14◦, ψ = 90◦, respectively). The measured maximum radiation directions of modes-1, modes-2, modes-3, modes-4 are θ = 17◦, −25.8◦, 3.5◦, 0.7◦ and gains of four modes at the maximum radiation direction are 5.78 dBi, 6.49 dBi, 7.24 dBi, 6.31 dBi, respectively. The measured results are closely consistent with the simulation ones. The proposed antenna can be applied to satellite communication.
Content-Based Music Retrieval Using Beat Information

There are several important representative features in music. Among them beat is highly distinguishable one. Based on the pattern of beats' appearance in the music, we propose a music identification method that can be used for background music retrieval from video. In this paper, a music signal is primarily segmented into a number of small frames in the time domain. The features representing energy contents of each frame is determined by computing beats. Also, the time stamps' difference of two neighboring beats in frames is used as another feature. Extracted features from both the training and query music are classified using similarity matching algorithm. The retrieval accuracy of 95% of our method is a pretty good result. It can provide services like music or video indexing, summarization etc.
Prevalence of hepatitis delta antibody among HBsAg carriers in Saudi Arabia

Background There are a paucity of data available on the exact prevalence of delta hepatitis among HBsAg positive carriers in Saudi Arabia. The aim of this study was to determine the exact prevalence of delta antibody in HBsAg positive carriers in Saudi Arabia. Patients and Methods Between January 1996 and January 1997 the serum of 19 250 patients was tested for HBsAg. HBsAg positive sera were subsequently tested for delta antibody. In addition, 3147 healthy blood donors underwent HBsAg testing. Those who were HBsAg positive had delta antibody testing using the ELISA method. Results Among 19 250 patients, 780 (4.1 %) were HBsAg positive, of which 67 (8.6%) patients were anti-delta positive and 2 (0.25%) were anti-delta borderline. Among 3147 healthy donors, 60 (1.9%) were HBsAg positive with 2 (3.3%) being delta antibody positive. Conclusions The prevalence of delta antibody among hospital- and clinic-based HBsAg positive patients was 8.6% and among healthy blood donors who were HBsAg positive, the prevalence was 3.3%. Furthermore, delta antibody prevalence was 0.06% for “all comers”, i.e., healthy blood donors. With decreasing hepatitis B prevalence as a result of universal vaccination, it is expected that delta hepatitis infection among Saudis will decrease with time.
Analysis of Lipolytic Protein Trafficking and Interactions in Adipocytes*

This work examined the colocalization, trafficking, and interactions of key proteins involved in lipolysis during brief cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) activation. Double label immunofluorescence analysis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes indicated that PKA activation increases the translocation of hormonesensitive lipase (HSL) to perilipin A (Plin)-containing droplets and increases the colocalization of adipose tissue triglyceride lipase (Atgl) with its coactivator, Abhd5. Imaging of live 3T3-L1 preadipocytes transfected with Aquorea victoria-based fluorescent reporters demonstrated that HSL rapidly and specifically translocates to lipid droplets (LDs) containing Plin, and that this translocation is partially dependent on Plin phosphorylation. HSL closely, if not directly, interacts with Plin, as indicated by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) experiments. In contrast, tagged Atgl did not support FRET or BiFC with Plin, although it did modestly translocate to LDs upon stimulation. Abhd5 strongly interacted with Plin in the basal state, as indicated by FRET and BiFC. PKA activation rapidly (within minutes) decreased FRET between Abhd5 and Plin, and this decrease depended upon Plin phosphorylation. Together, these results indicate that Plin mediates hormone-stimulated lipolysis via direct and indirect mechanisms. Plin indirectly controls Atgl activity by regulating accessibility to its coactivator, Abhd5. In contrast, Plin directly regulates the access of HSL to substrate via close, if not direct, interactions. The differential interactions of HSL and Atgl with Plin and Abhd5 also explain the findings that following stimulation, HSL and Atgl are differentially enriched at specific LDs.
The Causal Relation and Causative-Inchoative Alternation Verbs in Chinese Wordnet

Despite the fact that the causal relation between senses did not receive as much attention as other lexical semantic relations, such as synonymy, antonymy and troponymy, do, it is nonetheless a crucial part of lexical semantics. A related phenomenon, the causative-inchoative alternation, which is widely found in many languages, is also an issue worth exploring. By scrutinizing the causative entries provided by Chinese Wordnet (CWN), the present study aims to establish part of the causal relation between verb senses listed in the lexical resource, and to find patterns in the semantics of verbs that can undergo the alternation in question. It is observed that factors such as “change”, “embodiment”, and “metaphor” all play a role in determining the causative alternation use of a verb. In addition to the core semantics of a verb, the features of its argument, especially object, also contribute to the acceptability of the verb alternation. Moreover, more marginal semantic elements including “instrument” and “degree” are as well involved in shaping the nuances in the meaning of verbs with both the causative and inchoative uses. This research thus can have implications for not only the application of the causal relation mapping in CWN, but theoretical frameworks that aim to account for the alternation phenomenon.
Children’s Preferences for Infantile Features in Dogs and Cats

A number of authors suggest that children exhibit a natural interest towards animals, and different intervention programs have shown the presence of an animal being able to increase children’s attentiveness and motivation levels. Nonetheless, few research efforts have been devoted to the identification of specific animal characteristics able to attract and engage children. It has been hypothesized that the presence of infantile features in the most common pets (and their appeal for humans) is involved in our motivational drive to pet-keeping and pet-caretaking. This study was aimed at assessing children’s preference for faces of pets with presence (or absence) of infant features and the generalization of this response to an inanimate object, a teddy bear. Children (n = 272) aged 3 to 6 years participated in the study and were tested on a forced-choice task, using paired photographic stimuli. Children’s preferences for different species (dogs and cats) and for animal over non–animal stimuli were also obtained and the effects of sex, age, and pet ownership analyzed. Overall, children showed a preference for more infantile cats, but no differences were found when they were asked to choose between dog faces. Moreover, children showed a preference for animal over non-animal stimuli and for dogs over cats. Factors such as sex, age, and familiarity with animals (i.e. ownership) were able to modulate their responses. Results and their implications for the child-animal bond are discussed.
VARIÁVEIS FISIOLÓGICAS ASSOCIADAS COM O DESEMPENHO EM PROVAS DE LONGA DURAÇÃO: das tradicionais as contemporâneas

Diversas variaveis fisiologicas tem sido associadas com o desempenho em provas de longa duracao. Sendo assim, o objetivo dessa revisao e apresentar evidencias da relacao entre as principais variaveis fisiologicas associadas com o desempenho aerobio para modalidades de longa duracao. Para tanto foi realizada um busca eletronica no banco de dados PubMed , sendo selecionados estudos desde 1923 ate os mais recentes. Com base nos estudos apresentados nesta revisao, pode-se compreender que a utilizacao de somente uma variavel fisiologica pode ser insuficiente para representar a aptidao aerobia para modalidades de longa duracao.
Development and Psychometric Evaluation of 2 Age-stratified Versions of the Pediatric GERD Symptom and Quality of Life Questionnaire

Objectives:The Pediatric Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Symptom and Quality of Life Questionnaire (PGSQ) represents 2 related age-stratified tools developed to assess pediatric gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). These include the PGSQ-Cp (for children ages 2 to 8 years, parent/caregiver report) and the PGSQ-A (for adolescents ages 9–17 years). The objective of the present study was to develop and evaluate PGSQ measurement properties. Materials and Methods:The PGSQ items were generated based on information from focus groups, expert clinician review, and cognitive debriefing interviews. The symptoms of pediatric GERD and the effect of these symptoms were addressed. The tools were evaluated in a 3-week psychometric evaluation with participants from 11 clinical sites in the United States. The study included other measures such as the Pediatric Quality of Life questionnaire (PedsQL) and clinician-rated GERD severity. After item reduction, internal consistency, reproducibility, construct validity, known-group validity, and responsiveness were assessed. Results:The 231 participants included 75 parents of children ages 2 to 8 years and 75 children ages 9 to 17 years with GERD and 41 parents of children and 40 children ages 9 to 17 years without GERD. Exploratory factor analysis demonstrated 4 symptom subscales for the PGSQ-Cp and 3 symptom subscales for the PGSQ-A. Both had subscales for total impact and school impact. High to moderate internal consistency was observed, ranging from 0.76 to 0.96 for the PGSQ-Cp and from 0.67 to 0.94 for the PGSQ-A. The PGSQ significantly differentiated between patients with GERD and controls (P < 0.0001, PGSQ-Cp; P < 0.0022–0.0001, PGSQ-A) and demonstrated responsiveness. Conclusions:These results support the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of both versions of the PGSQ. The instruments should be useful for clinical studies.
Khat Chewing from the Pharmacological Point of View: An Update

Khat chewing is deeply rooted in the every day life of people living in the Horn of Africa and in South Arabia, where Catha edulis is endemic. Considered little more than an exotic habit producing just mild pharmacological effects, systematic investigations on its active principles have instead lead to the isolation and chemical characterization of cathinone, a compound structurally related to amphetamine. Three decades of intense experimental and clinical research on khat have depicted a consistently clear picture of its pharmacological and toxicological effects.
Investigación en Progreso: Método de Evaluación Dinámica de Planes en Sistemas Inteligentes Autónomos

El modelo LOPE es un sistema inteligente autonomo con aprendizaje basado en formacion y ponderacion de teorias. En los ultimos anos, se han elaborado varias modificaciones al modelo que han mejorado el rendimiento de su aprendizaje y de su planificacion. Sin embargo, hay ciertos aspectos que aun no han sido abordados y cuyo diseno e implementacion se cree incrementaria la convergencia de aprendizaje del modelo. Ellos son: (a) el proceso de aprendizaje solo se produce en la fase de observacion, perdiendo la oportunidad de aprender a partir de la evaluacion del resultado de los planes ejecutados, (b) el indice utilizado para medir la calidad de los planes antes de ser ejecutados es un parametro fijo, dejando abierta la posibilidad de que se ejecute una alta cantidad de planes condenados al fracaso. Este proyecto se propone desarrollar modificaciones o extensiones al modelo con el fin de mejorar estos aspectos e incrementar la curva de aprendizaje del sistema.