Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Equivalent Calculation Method for Pole-to-Ground Fault Transient Characteristics of Symmetrical Monopolar MMC Based DC Grid

The pole-to-ground fault is one of the most typical faults in modular multilevel converters (MMCs) based DC grid. Analyzing the transient characteristics of fault voltages and currents is of great significance for fault identification, configuration of protection, and optimization of system parameters. This paper proposes an equivalent transient characteristics calculation method for pole-to-ground faults for symmetrical monopolar MMC based DC grid. Firstly, according to the mechanism of the pole-to-ground faults, the fault network and the steady-state network are formed. Then, the star-delta transformation is performed on modelling the MMCs in the fault network, which overcomes the problem that the number of the inserted sub-modules (SMs) in each arm is time-variant. Based on the discrete adjoint model, the pre-fault and faulted matrices describing the voltages and currents are established, and a general method for solving the transient voltages and currents is proposed. Finally, the proposed method is validated in a four-terminal symmetrical monopolar MMC based DC grid. The results show that the proposed method is of high accuracy, and is much more time efficient than time-domain simulation.
A Metasurface-Based Low-Profile Array Decoupling Technology to Enhance Isolation in MIMO Antenna Systems

In this paper, a metasurface-based coupling reduction method is presented with the advantage of low profile for the MIMO antenna array. Unlike other metasurface-based decoupling technologies, this proposed metasurface for decoupling is loaded in the same layer as the coupled two-element patch antennas. Hence, the profile of the proposed decoupled array is greatly reduced compared to that of other published metasurface-based decoupled arrays. In this design, the two patch antennas with a short edge-to-edge distance of approximately <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.06~\lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula> are surrounded by the period split ring resonator (SRR) elements. Next, two prototypes are fabricated; the test results show that the isolation performance for the decoupled array is better than that of a coupled array without SRRs, and the value of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\vert \text{S}21\vert $ </tex-math></inline-formula> improves from −8 dB to −25 dB in a wide band of 5.0-6.0 GHz with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\vert \text{S}21\vert < -25$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dB. The impedance matching bandwidths for two arrays without and with SRRs are approximately 700 MHz (12.7%) and 1500 MHz (27%), respectively, with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\vert \text{S}11\vert < -10$ </tex-math></inline-formula> dB. In other words, a high-isolation MIMO array with the advantages of a low profile and a compact size is realized. It is exciting that the peak gains for the proposed decoupled array are improved by approximately 2 dB in the entire working band range. In addition, the efficiencies of the decoupled array increase by 15% compared to those of the coupled array, and the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) also greatly improves. Therefore, the signs suggest that this proposed metasurface-based decoupling method is an efficient measure for MIMO array applications in the future.
APAn, a Class of ABA Receptor Agonism/antagonism Switching Probes.

In plants, biosynthesized ABA undergoes two important physiological processes of signal transduction and metabolism simultaneously. In this study, we described a class of ABA receptor agonist/antagonist switching probes APAn, which can regulate the agonistic activity or antagonistic activity according to the length of 6'-alkoxyl chain. From APA1 to APA6, with the extension of alkoxyl chain, it showed gradually increased receptor-binding potential and decreased HAB1 inhibition activity. Theoretic analysis based on molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation revealed that some factors outside the ligand-binding pocket in receptors could also affect the binding of the ligand to the receptor, for example, van der Waals interaction between alkyl chain in APAn and 3'-tunnel of ABA receptors made it bind more tightly than iso-PhABA. This enhanced binding made it an antagonist rather than a weakened agonist.
Design and Fabrication of Wall and Roof Climbing Robot

The march towards next generation energy and transportation services brings us to the innovative key idea and the concept of wall climbing robot. Hitherto many walls climbing applications like building wall inspections, surveillance, defect detection, etc. are limited by human capabilities and safety. To eliminate human factor involved and to coalesce engineering and convenience to apply the technology to optimize human resource utilization. With greener technologies improving efficiency, it has created a need for better maintenance services and enhanced energy saving solutions. To optimize maintenance and space utilization, motion along the vertical surfaces is a viable solution. The system will be a product capable of climbing vertical and near vertical surfaces, a capability that can be utilized in surface inspection, surveillance, maintenance and other complex maneuvers. This paper discusses the concept, design, analysis, manufacturing and embedded system design of the wall climbing robot. Keywords-Wall Climbing Robot, Vacuum Technology, Finite Element Analysis, Arduino, Additive Manufacturing, Robotics.
A Non-contact Framework based on Thermal and Visual Imaging for Classification of Affective States during HCI

This paper presents a non-contact system based on twin channels of thermal and visual image sequences to register the affective states of an individual during Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). The negative affective states such as stress, anxiety, and depression in students have raised significant concerns. This necessitates a smart HCI system as an assisting tool for psychologists. In this paper, we propose a two-stage smart system for classifying the affective state by clustering of sequences of emotional states. The first stage obtains the dominant emotional state by an ensemble of cues from visual and thermal facial images using a newly proposed cascaded Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model. We have named this 16-layered network as the EmoScale, as it classifies the dominant emotional state of an individual. The second stage clusters a sequence of the obtained emotional states using a trained Hidden Markov model (HMM) as one of the four dominant affect stress, depression, anxiety, or healthy. We perform five-fold cross-validation of EmoScale on our self prepared data-set as well as the hetero- face database. The performance of the second stage has compared with a standard Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) with 51 subjects, and the results are found to be promising.
Operator Training Evaluation System Based on Deep Learning

It is necessary to evaluate operation level of drivers while training them through a driving simulator. In order to avoid the one-sidedness of evaluation only based on vehicle driving conditions or operating logic, a deep learning method is proposed to train the LSTM network using driving data and manual evaluation results to obtain an intelligent evaluation system. In order to generate sample data for training, an expert system based on production rules is constructed. By training the neural network, the evaluation method is more flexible and adaptable than traditional expert systems, which can intelligently evaluate the driver's operation quality.
A Signal Classification and Recognition Method Based on Over-Complete Dictionary in Compressed Sensing

Aiming at the classification and recognition of several common signals in underwater target detection, a signal classification and recognition method based on compressed sensing is proposed. The sparse representation of the signal is constructed, that is, the sparse basis of the signal is formed by constructing the over-complete dictionary of the signal. The process of signal classification and recognition based on compressed sensing is described in detail. The signal recognition performance of compressed sensing is simulated under different Signal noise ratio (SNR). The result shows that the signal recognition method based on compressed sensing has good performance.
0.9 V Body-Biased LNA with Input Matching for Enhanced Gain & Low Power Applications

In this paper, a 2.4 GHz Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) at 180nm CMOS technology is presented. This LNA design involves two stages, the common source cascade, and the cascode stage. The proposed circuit improves the noise figure (NF) and power gain (S21) of LNA by utilizing the cumulative effect of the input matching network and body bias technique. The work is implemented using the tool “Advanced Design System” (ADS). The simulation results show a power gain (S21) of 26.925 dB and a noise figure of 1.505. The other scattering parameters are also observed with input return loss (S 11) of-11.989 dB, output return loss (S22) of −10.397 dB, and reverse isolation (S12) of −53.030 dB. With the help of the body bias technique, the power supply of the circuit is also reduced to 0.9V which leads to the power consumption of as low as 2.507 mW.
Hardware-In-The-Loop Tests on Complete Systems with Heat Pumps and PV for the Supply of Heat and Electricity

Four “smart control” heat pump (HP) heating systems have been tested and evaluated as a whole by detailed measurements in the laboratory with a hardware in the loop approach. The complete systems were installed on a test rig that emulated a building with photovoltaic (PV) electricity production as well as the heat demand for domestic hot water and space heating and the electricity demand for household appliances. The test bench also emulated the environmental heat (air or ground source) as the source of the heat pump. The measurement focused on the capability of the tested systems to deal with solar power in excess to household needs and with different types of energy storage (thermal or electrochemical). In addition to insights into the behavior and performance of the tested systems, insights into the advantages and disadvantages of various key performance factors for these kind of systems were gained. It is found that self-sufficiency and self-consumption are not suitable optimization parameters. The grid purchase ratio is proposed instead.
Perceptive Locomotion in Rough Terrain – Online Foothold Optimization

Compared to wheeled vehicles, legged systems have a vast potential to traverse challenging terrain. To exploit the full potential, it is crucial to tightly integrate terrain perception for foothold planning. We present a hierarchical locomotion planner together with a foothold optimizer that finds locally optimal footholds within an elevation map. The map is generated in real-time from on-board depth sensors. We further propose a terrain-aware contact schedule to deal with actuator velocity limits. We validate the combined locomotion pipeline on our quadrupedal robot ANYmal with a variety of simulated and real-world experiments. We show that our method can cope with stairs and obstacles of heights up to $ \text{33}\%$ of the robot's leg length.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Nitric Oxide Synthase-Related Arginine Derivativesin Vitroandin Vivo☆

Abstract In this paper we present a sensitive and reproducible method for the extraction and quantification of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS)-related basic amino acids l -hydroxyarginine ( l -NHA), l -arginine ( l -Arg), l -monomethylarginine ( l -NMA), and l -dimethylarginine ( l -NDA) in human serum samples by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. We demonstrate that the serum level of l -NHA can be used as a sensitive and highly specific index of a systemic increase in NOS activity in vivo whose serum concentration, unlike that of the NO degradation products nitrite and/or nitrate, is not influenced by dietary intake. First, we measured l -NHA formation by a recombinant NOS preparation and by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated alveolar macrophages to demonstrate that this amino acid is produced by NOS in vitro. HPLC determination of l -NHA in human serum, however, proved to be difficult due to the presence of amino acids interfering with its detection. Therefore, we developed a clean-up procedure for the extraction of basic amino acids from these serum samples by using a cation-exchange cartridge. The isolated amino acids were subjected to precolumn derivatization with o -pthaldialdehyde and analyzed using a short reversed-phase column which allowed the baseline separation of l -NHA, l -Arg, l -NMA, and l -NDA within 16 min. By using this technique, the average concentrations of l -NHA, l -Arg, l -NMA, and l -NDA in the serum of healthy human subjects were determined to be 9.1, 96.1, 0.1, and 0.4 μ m , respectively.
Oxidative Stress in Caffeine Action on the Proliferation and Death of Human Breast Cancer Cells MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231

Abstract To investigate the effects of caffeine on the proliferation and death of human breast cancer cells MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Cells were exposed to 1, 2.5, 5 and 10 mM of caffeine during 24 h, and oxidative stress (OS), cell proliferation and death, metabolic activity and DNA lesions were evaluated in the collected samples. Caffeine was cytotoxic to the cell lines analyzed, reducing cell proliferation and viability by interfering with the cellular metabolism and with lysosomal function. Although the cells presented different behaviors to treatment, in both cell lines, the drug induced OS and predominantly apoptosis. MCF-7 cells responded to OS induction (lipid peroxidation) increasing their antioxidant defenses. However, the OS generated induced oxidative DNA lesions, a finding not observed in MDA-MB-231 cells. The association of different scavengers with caffeine did not result in the recovery of cell viability, which suggests that it is not possible to attribute the caffeine induction of OS to only one of the specific ROS analyzed (superoxide anion, singlet oxygen and peroxyl radical). These results are promising and suggest that caffeine may be a good target for studies to prove its usefulness as an adjuvant in breast cancer treatment.
A multispecies aphid–ant association: density dependence and species-specific effects

In the central Rocky Mountains of Colorado 4 species of aphids feed on fireweed, and 10 species or ants have been observed tending 3 of these species of aphids. Local populations of aphids and their associated ants were counted nondestructively at weekly intervals for up to 11 weeks. The effects of ants upon the persistence of recently initiated populations and the growth of populations during 1-week intervals were assessed by multidimensional contingency table analysis. Macrosiphum valerianae, which is not tended by ants, was affected negatively by ants. Aphis varians and A. helianthi were affected by tending, but A. salicariae was not affected. The responses of both A. varians and A. helianthi to tending were density dependent; i.e., small populations that were untended were more likely to decrease than tended populations, but large populations that were tended were either more likely to decrease than untended populations or equivalent to them. Possible reasons for this density-dependent effect are disc.
Implementation of a Privacy Preserving and Loss Data Retrieval System for Cloud Environment

The doud supplier doesn't have recommendations concerning the data and the doud information put away and kept up internationally anyplace in the cloud. The security assurance plans are normally founded on encryption innovation. There are numerous security saving techniques on the side to forestall information in the cloud. A three-layer stockpiling structure dependent on mist registering is proposed. The proposed structure can both exploit distributed storage and secure the protection of information. Here Hash-Solomon code calculation is intended to isolate information into various parts. If one information part missing, the information data is tend to loss. Right now is utilizing pail idea based calculations and secures the information data and afterward, it can show the security and proficiency in our plan. Also, in light of computational knowledge, this calculation can figure the conveyance extent put away in a cloud, mist, and neighborhood machine, individually Software as a Service (SaaS) client discharges their application on a facilitating situation which can be gotten to through system from different customers by application clients. The customer doesn't oversee or control the basic cloud foundation with the conceivable exemption of constrained client explicit application arrangement settings. Google Apps and Microsoft Office 365 are the models for S aaS.
A Novel Technology for Efficient Channel Allocation in Cognitive Radio Networks Using Fuzzy Logic Controller

Recently wireless devices are increasing rapidly. It arises the need of additional spectrum for data transmission. It is not possible to allocate new spectrum bands for users. Cognitive Radio (CR) is a promising solution to use the existing spectrum band effectively. The cognitive radio enabled users are Secondary Users (SUs). The privileged users are Primary Users (PUs). SUs can utilize vacant spaces available in the licensed channels based on an opportunistic manner. SU will immediately switch from approved channel to another free channel based on PUs arrival. This paper presents a switching system based on Fuzzy Logic Based Decision Support System (FLBDSS) for CRNs which improves the overall throughput by channel selection. The paper presents a new approach that would allow SUs to transmit along with PU by holding transmission power below a certain threshold. The research is carried out with MATLAB software.
Biological Mechanisms and Clinical Significance of BAP1 Mutations in Human Cancer.

Among more than 200 BAP1-mutant families affected by the "BAP1 cancer syndrome," nearly all individuals inheriting a BAP1 mutant allele developed one or more malignancies during their lifetime, mostly uveal and cutaneous melanoma, mesothelioma, and clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. These cancer types are also those that, when they occur sporadically, are more likely to carry somatic biallelic BAP1 mutations. Mechanistic studies revealed that the tumor suppressor function of BAP1 is linked to its dual activity in the nucleus, where it is implicated in a variety of processes including DNA repair and transcription, and in the cytoplasm, where it regulates cell death and mitochondrial metabolism. BAP1 activity in tumor suppression is cell type- and context-dependent. BAP1 has emerged as a critical tumor suppressor across multiple cancer types, predisposing to tumor development when mutated in the germline as well as somatically. Moreover, BAP1 has emerged as a key regulator of gene-environment interaction.
Mineral and carbohydrate nutrition of plant cell and tissue cultures

Abstract Recent advances in our understanding of the mineral (and carbohydrate) nutrition of cultured plant cells and tissues are reviewed. The methods used for empirical selection of nutrient composition of culture media for different plant genera/species and types of culture are critically evaluated. The acquisition of nutrients is discussed in terms of their physical availability in the culture medium and uptake from the medium. The effect on uptake of factors such as pH and water potential and the relationship with growth rates and medium depletion are examined in detail. Finally, some effects of nutrients on morphogenesis of plants are reviewed.
Responses of some grain and pasture legumes to 16 strains of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)

The symptoms and host ranges of 16 strains of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) from both Subgroup I and II were compared on selected pasture and grain legumes. None infected either Arachis hypogea or Glycine max, although 13 other plant species were infected. The observation that success of inoculation varied with the time of year, may limit the usefulness of the biological differentiation of strains. No hosts tested distinguished Subgroup I or II isolates. The distribution of symptoms and virus in Medicago spp. was uneven and the virus was first detected in some cultivars 6-12 weeks after inoculation, indicating that any test for resistance to CMV in these species would have to be prolonged. Most cultivars of lupin tested were severely affected by several strains of CMV, which caused necrosis and death under conditions which excluded other pathogens.
Nanomaterial Additives for Fabrication of Stimuli‐Responsive Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering Constructs

Volumetric muscle loss necessitates novel tissue engineering strategies for skeletal muscle repair, which have traditionally involved cells and extracellular matrix‐mimicking scaffolds and have thus far been unable to successfully restore physiologically relevant function. However, the incorporation of various nanomaterial additives with unique physicochemical properties into scaffolds has recently been explored as a means of fabricating constructs that are responsive to electrical, magnetic, and photothermal stimulation. Herein, several classes of nanomaterials that are used to mediate external stimulation to tissue engineered skeletal muscle are reviewed and the impact of these stimuli‐responsive biomaterials on cell growth and differentiation and in vivo muscle repair is discussed. The degradation kinetics and biocompatibilities of these nanomaterial additives are also briefly examined and their potential for incorporation into clinically translatable skeletal muscle tissue engineering strategies is considered. Overall, these nanomaterial additives have proven efficacious and incorporation in tissue engineering scaffolds has resulted in enhanced functional skeletal muscle regeneration.
Inhibitory Effect of Heracleum persicum and Ziziphus jujuba on Activity of Alpha-Amylase

Postprandial hyperglycemia plays an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes. Inhibition of alpha-amylase was led to a delay in breaks down of starch and glycogen and prevented a rapid rise in blood sugar. Alpha-amylase was isolated by gel filtration chromatography Sephadex G-75 from bovine pancreas. Then, total methanolic extracts of plants were prepared and IC50 values of extracts on alpha-amylase were obtained and compared with acarbose IC50. The polyphenolic content of extracts and antioxidant capacity were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu test and DPPH test, respectively. The specific activity of alpha-amylase was 48.2 U/mg. For inhibition of alpha-amylase, IC50 values of H. persicum, Z. jujuba, and acarbose were 307, 827, and 113 μg/ml, respectively. For inhibition of DPPH radical, IC50 values of extracts were 235 and 701 μg/ml. Total phenolic contents of methanol extracts were and μg tannic acid equivalent/mg extract. Acarbose causes gastrointestinal symptoms and liver toxicity, but H. persicum and Z. jujuba decrease these side effects and prevent gastrointestinal disorders. Due to the high polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity of these plants and significant inhibitory effect of the plants on alpha-amylase, these plants can be proposed for treatment of diabetic patients.