Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Apple proliferation phytoplasma

Introduetion Apple proliferation (AP) is one of the most economically important phytoplasmal diseases in Europe. It seriously impairs fruit size, yield, and vigor of the trees. AP was first reported in northern Italy (Rui et al., 1950). In the following decades, the occurrence of AP was reported from most European countries. Due to its transmissibility by grafting, the disease was initially thought to be caused by a virus. Later, wall-less bacteria, then named mycop1asma-1ike organisms, were identified in symptomatic trees (Giannotti et al., 1968), shortly after this new group of plant pathogens was discovered (Doi et al., 1967). Restrietion fragment 1ength polymorphisms (RFLP) and sequence analysis of ribosomal DNA revealed that AP is induced bya distinct phytoplasma that is closely related to the pear dec1ine (PD) and European stone fruit yellows (ESFY) agents, the causes of two other major diseases of temperate fruit trees (Seemüller et al., 1998). Unlike most or all other phytoplasmas, which are transmitted by either leafhoppers (Cicadellidae) or planthoppers (Fulgoroidea), the three fruit tree phytoplasmas are mainly or only spread by psyllids (Psyllidae) (Frisinghelli et al., 2000; Tedeschi et al., 2002). Recently, the AP phytoplasma was delineated taxonomically under the provisional status 'Candidatus' for uncultured bacteria as 'Candidatus Phytoplasma mali' (Seemüller and Schneider, 2004).
Diffusion of Innovation: Embedding Simulation into Nursing Curricula

Numerous articles have documented the benefits of using simulation as a teaching method for undergraduate nursing students. Simulation can enhance learning and provides a stimulating environment for technologically proficient students. Yet, there remain a large number of nursing programs and faculty members that are resistant toward implementing simulation as a learning tool. This article provides details on the efforts to embed simulation in an undergraduate program that started with a few interested faculty at a large, multi-site nursing program. The Diffusion of Innovation theory was used to guide the expansion of simulation to other faculty groups. The techniques used to embed simulation into the undergraduate curriculum were directed by past research. This process led to a successful integration of simulation which could provide some innovative suggestions for other programs facing similar barriers.
Neutron-scattering study of C60n- (n=3,6) librations in alkali-metal fullerides.

We have measured the low-energy inelastic neutron scattering spectra of superconducting k 3 C 60 and insulating Rb 6 C 60 . Well-defined peaks are observed at room temperature at 1.59(4) meV [full width at half maximum (FWHM)=1.11(15) meV] and 5.49(18) meV [FWHM=1.41(44) meV], respectively. They harden with decreasing temperature and the dependence of their intensities on the scattering vector shows that they are due to small-amplitude librational motion
1 Progress and Perspectives on the Biology of Heat Shock Proteins and Molecular Chaperones

In contrast to such “shocks” for which the genome is unprepared, are those a genome must face repeatedly, and for which it is prepared to respond in a programmed manner. Examples are the “heat shock” responses in eukaryotic organisms, and the “SOS” responses in bacteria. Each of these initiates a highly programmed sequence of events within the cell that serves to cushion the effects of the shock. Some sensing mechanism must be present in these instances to alert the cell to imminent danger, and to set in motion the orderly sequence of events that will mitigate this danger. The responses of genomes to unanticipated challenges are not so precisely programmed. Nevertheless, these are sensed, and the genome responds in a discernible but initially unforeseen manner. Barbara McClintock–Nobel lecture , 8 December 1983 These prophetic words by Barbara McClintock eloquently capture the essence of the heat shock response. At the time these words were written, it was known that all organisms shared a common response to physiological stress. Some of the genes encoding heat shock proteins had just been cloned and the basis of heat shock gene regulation was in the early stages of investigation. However, the function of the heat shock response and the role of heat shock proteins were still a mystery. This mystery slowly began to unravel, and by the 1980s, some information on the function of the heat shock proteins as proteases or unfolded polypeptide-binding proteins had already accumulated. These early stages of elucidation of the biochemical.
Contrôle nanoscopique du mouvement par courant tunnel: étude et réalisation. (Nanometric motion control by tunnel current: simulation and realization)

Ce doctorat propose l’utilisation d’un capteur a courant tunnel pour manipuler un objet a dimensions nanoscopiques. L’utilisation de ce capteur est motivee par ses proprietes uniques, a savoir sa precision, sa bande passante et le fait qu’il puisse etre miniaturise a l’echelle du nanometre. Il peut donc etre embarque. De plus, dans un contexte de nano positionnement, sa mise en oeuvre ne peut se faire sans l’application d’outils de controle. Nous avons demontre que l’utilisation du courant tunnel couple a un actionnement electrostatique repond aux problematiques recentes dans le domaine du nano positionnement (correction de derives, augmentation conjointe de la rapidite de manipulation et de la precision). Pour cela, une plateforme a ete construite au GIPSA-Lab dans le cadre de ce doctorat. Cette plateforme a pour but de permettre le controle de deplacements d’un micro objet par courant tunnel et actionnement electrostatique. En particulier, cette plateforme a permis le controle des deplacements d’une micro poutre avec une precision de l’ordre de la dizaine de picometres et sans contact.
Data Analysis and Neuro-Fuzzy Technique for EOR Screening: Application in Angolan Oilfields

In this work, a neuro-fuzzy (NF) simulation study was conducted in order to screen candidate reservoirs for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) projects in Angolan oilfields. First, a knowledge pattern is extracted by combining both the searching potential of fuzzy-logic (FL) and the learning capability of neural network (NN) to make a priori decisions. The extracted knowledge pattern is validated against rock and fluid data trained from successful EOR projects around the world. Then, data from Block K offshore Angolan oilfields are then mined and analysed using box-plot technique for the investigation of the degree of suitability for EOR projects. The trained and validated model is then tested on the Angolan field data (Block K) where EOR application is yet to be fully established. The results from the NF simulation technique applied in this investigation show that polymer, hydrocarbon gas, and combustion are the suitable EOR techniques.
Fast and Slow Metabolizers of Hoasca

Abstract Harmine, a major alkaloid in ayahuasca (hoasca), is a selective and reversible inhibitor of the enzyme monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A). It is also a selective inhibitor of the human cytochrome P450 isozyme 2D6 (CYP 2D6), which metabolizes harmine to a more hydrophilic derivative for eventual excretion. CYP 2D6 exhibits a wide range of polymorphisms in human populations, and variations in this enzymatic activity could account for differences in effects between individuals who use hoasca. This report broadly describes two subgroups of CYP 2D6 phenotypes—i.e., fast and slow metabolizers of harmine—in 14 experienced male members of the Uniāo do Vegetal (UDV) who received a standardized dosage of hoasca. To compensate for metabolic variations in their normal religious practice, the administered dose of hoasca is always determined by the presiding mestre, who is responsible for deciding the actual amount for each individual. This age-old method compensates for metabolic variations between individuals and variations in both the alkaloid profile and strength of the hoasca.
Electrophoretic study of Clostridium species

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of soluble cellular proteins (without sodium dodecyl sulfate) of 70 Clostridium species indicated that the procedure was readily applicable to the differentiation of species in the genus. The protein patterns correlated well with the available DNA homology data and with most accepted differential tests. Results indicated that several earlier names for species were synonyms of those of accepted species and that two accepted species may be synonymous.
The analysis and selection of the spinning disk system parameters for the measurement of static electrification of insulation oils

The paper presents results the aim of which was determining the most favorable conditions of ECT (electrostatic charge tendency) measurement taking of insulation oils in the spinning disk system. The work proved that a proper selection of the size and roughness of the disk surface makes the measured volume density of charge qw independent of the hydrodynamic conditions in the measuring system on the solid and liquid phase border. Charge qw density meets then the criterion of a material coefficient and can be used for comparing the results obtained from the systems varying in dimensions and hydrodynamic conditions. The changes suggested also ensure a high repeatability and reproducibility of the results obtained
ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC COSTS OF VERTEBRATE SPECIES INVASIONS INTO THE UNITED STATES

The more than 50,000 species of plants, animals, and microbes introduced into the United States (US) cause more extinction of native species than most any other threat and cause more than $120 billion in damages and control costs each year. In particular, invasive mammals and birds cause major environmental and economic losses totaling about $46 billion per year in damage and control costs per year. Feral cats, rats, and hogs are especially serious pests. Pigeons and starlings are a major concern in cities and US agriculture. Prevention and management strategies will be discussed.
Towards an IT production function: Understanding routines as fundamental for IT value creation

Purpose – The goal of this paper is to identify core IT value drivers in firms and to model them as an IT production function to help disclose and measure the IT value creation process and to guide managers in seeking adequate ways of employing the IT resource.Design/methodology/approach – Based on a critical review of the literature on the resource‐based view, an IT value framework based on the constructs IT capability, resource, and routine is developed and then formalized as an IT production function.Findings – Organizational routines are decisive for turning firm resources into an IT capability and in turn into better business process performance. Shows how the IT value creation process in general and routines in particular can be measured and formalized.Practical implications – As the interaction between IT and business units is crucial for IT value generation, organizational routines provide for important knowledge flows that turn firm resources into value generating capabilities. Proposes a concret.
Temporal Patterns of Sea Louse Infestation on Wild Pacific Salmon in Relation to the Fallowing of Atlantic Salmon Farms

Abstract We report on a 3-year study of the infestation rates of the sea louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, on wild juvenile pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha and chum salmon O. keta in the Broughton Archipelago, British Columbia. In 2002, the British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food ordered farm fallowing (i.e., the removal of farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar from net-cages) along the presumed migration route of wild juvenile Pacific salmon in this area. The goal was to protect wild juvenile fish from sea louse infestation. We assessed the effectiveness of this decision by comparing sea louse infestation rates on wild juvenile salmon near three Atlantic salmon farm sites prior to, during, and after fallowing. Overall, L. salmonis levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.0001) at the study sites during fallowing but returned to the original level after fallowing. The decline was age specific. While the abundance of the earliest attached sea louse phase (the copepodid stage) declined b.
An Approach to Improve Quality of Software Using Metrics and Technical Debt

BACKGROUND: As software products play vital roles in embedded systems, software quality has raised much attention in the software engineering field, especially those using modeldriven development. However, software doesn’t have physical features, so it is hard to measure and monitor its quality. OBJECTIVE: To cope with the difficulty of measuring and monitoring software quality, a framework was developed and proposed to Volvo Group Truck Technology (GTT). After studies, analyses and discussions, software metrics and technical debt have been chosen and applied in this framework. METHODS: The framework was developed based on research result from surveys, interviews, workshops and literature reviews. Software metrics were picked and applied in the framework to get basic measurements, the raw data was transferred, analyzed and presented with a modified form of technical debt so to fit this development team’s requirements. Finally, the validity of the study was confirmed by another survey and historical data analysis. The framework is built to fit a model-driven development environment. RESULTS: Team members including developers, testers, architects and product managers gave positive feedback to this framework after it was applied in the development environment. Furthermore, statistical analyses carried out on historical data supported the correctness of the framework. CONCLUSIONS: Software metrics can help to analyze, measure and monitor software quality. Furthermore, potential risks could be reduced by improvements suggested in the report, such as i.e. splitting a method because it has too many lines of code or too high complexity. It can be found in this study that by combining software metrics and technical debt, the framework in the project proved to be an efficient support-tool to improve software quality. Furthermore, the framework has the potential to be adopted in other model-driven development teams and environments.
The Imprint of Nova Nucleosynthesis in Presolar Grains

Infrared and ultraviolet observations of nova light curves have confirmed grain formation in their expanding shells that are ejected into the interstellar medium by a thermonuclear runaway. In this paper we present isotopic ratios of intermediate-mass elements up to silicon for the ejecta of CO and ONe novae, based on 20 hydrodynamic models of nova explosions. These theoretical estimates will help to properly identify nova grains in primitive meteorites. In addition, equilibrium condensation calculations are used to predict the types of grains that can be expected in the nova ejecta, providing some hints on the puzzling formation of C-rich dust in O > C environments. These results show that SiC grains can condense in ONe novae, in concert with an inferred (ONe) nova origin for several presolar SiC grains.
On the measurement of thread-level memory usage

In the embedded system, the memory profiling of an application is very critical and important to solve the problem. The memory usage is usually measured on the basis of process-level granularity. However, the process-level memory usage gives a lack of information to analyze an application, which consists of big processes with many threads. If a specific thread in the process has memory problems like memory leak or large memory consumption, then this may lead to a malfunction of an application due to the waste of an unnecessary memory by the problematic thread. This paper gives an efficient framework to get a memory usage of a process with thread level granularity and we called it Memory Usage Per Thread (MUPT). This framework would provide memory allocation information in terms of page_fault for a given multi-threaded process with thread granularity and results are expressed using new added proc interface. Thus, MUPT provides a mechanism to debug or monitor the thread memory usage and guide an application user to detect memory leak or large amount of incorrect memory allocation.
Acute and Delayed Vasoconstriction after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Local Cerebral Blood Flow, Histopathology, and Morphology in the Rat Basilar Artery

The decreased local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) and cerebral ischemia that occur after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) may be caused by acute and/or delayed vasospasm. In 36 Sprague-Dawley (350–450 g) rats SAH was induced by transclival puncture of the basilar artery. Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), LCBF, intracranial pressure (ICP), and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) were measured in all rats for 30 min before and 60 min after SAH was induced. One set of control (n : 7) and experimental animals (n : 7) was sacrificed after the 60 min of initial post-hemorrhage measurements were recorded. Four days after SAH induction, LCBF and MABP were measured again for 60 min in subgroups of surviving experimental rats (n : 7) and control rats (n : 7). Histopathologic and morphologic examinations of the basilar artery were performed in each subgroup. There was a sharp drop in LCBF just after SAH was induced (55.50 ± 11.46 mlLD/min/100 g and 16.1 ± 3.6 mlLD/min/100 g for baseline and post-SAH, respectively; p < 0.001). The flow then gradually increased but had not returned to pre-SAH values by 60 min (p < 0.05). At 4 days after SAH induction, although LCBF was lower than that observed in the control group and pre-SAH values, it was not significantly different from either of these flow rates (p > 0.05). ICP (baseline 7.05 ± 0.4 mmHg) increased acutely to 75.2 ± 7.1 mmHg, but returned to normal levels by 60 min after SAH. CPP (baseline 84.5 ± 6.3 mmHg) dropped accordingly (to 18.6 ± 3.1 mmHg), and then increased, reaching 72.2 ± 4.9 mmHg at 60 min after SAH (p > 0.05). Examinations of the arteries revealed decreased inner luminal diameter and distortion of the elastica layer in the early stage. LCBF in nonsurviver rats (n : 8) was lower than that in the animals that survived (p < 0.01). At 4 days post-hemorrhage, the rats' basilar arteries showed marked vasculopathy. The findings showed that acute SAH alters LCBF, ICP, and CPP, and that decreased LCBF affects mortality rate. Subsequent vasculopathy occurs in delayed fashion, and this was observed at 4 days after the hemorrhage event.
Inattentional Blindness as a Function of Proximity to the Focus of Attention

The effect of the distance between the center of the focus of attention and an unexpected stimulus on detection was examined in two experiments with the use of the inattentional-blindness paradigm [Mack and Rock, 1998 Inattentional Blindness (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press)]. In experiment 1, the closer a stimulus was to the center of attention, the more likely it was to be detected. Experiment 2 replicated this finding and controlled for retinal eccentricity. These results suggest that low-level stimulus characteristics (eg location) may play an important role in the detection of unexpected stimuli. The data are consistent with previous research on the spatial aspects of attention demonstrating that the distance to the focus of attention is a critical variable. This study demonstrates that the effect of distance is similar under conditions of inattention. Theories put forward to explain inattentional blindness should include ‘early’ attentional factors, as well as factors resulting from later stages of processing.
Adaptive Morphological Filtering Method for Structural Fusion Restoration of Hyperspectral Images

Recovering hyperspectral image (HSI) from mixed noise degradation is a challenging and promising theme in remote sensing, particularly when stripes and deadlines exist in several contiguous bands. This paper proposes a HSI's restoration method making use of adaptive morphological filtering (AMF) and fusing structure information of an auxiliary color image. An adaptive structuring element (ASE) indicating morphological features of each pixel is generated through information fusion, to simultaneously remove the mixed noise and preserve fine spatial structures. This key technology contains three main steps. First, edges are extracted from the auxiliary image exploiting its color information; then, an edge-constraint growing algorithm is used to generate the clustering kernel; finally, the ASE is obtained via goal-guided k-means clustering. The ASE has extensive application value, for it can be an enhancing module for most filters-based restoration methods, to mitigate the structural damage due to the fixed mask. Among these methods, Gaussian filter for preprocessing and majority voting for postprocessing are introduced in this paper as representatives. In addition, the auxiliary image can be both visible image of multisensor and false RGB component of the undamaged bands of the HSI, so it is relatively available. Experiments on simulated and real data sets show obvious effects on denoising and destriping both subjectively and objectively. The advantage of ASE on structure details preserving, compared to conventional approaches, is clearly demonstrated. The application value of the proposed restoration frame and ASE is further proved through the decision-level postprocessing experiments.
Hybrid PDE solver for data-driven problems and modern branching†

The numerical solution of large-scale PDEs, such as those occurring in data-driven applications, unavoidably require powerful parallel computers and tailored parallel algorithms to make the best possible use of them. In fact, considerations about the parallelization and scalability of realistic problems are often critical enough to warrant acknowledgement in the modelling phase. The purpose of this paper is to spread awareness of the Probabilistic Domain Decomposition (PDD) method, a fresh approach to the parallelization of PDEs with excellent scalability properties. The idea exploits the stochastic representation of the PDE and its approximation via Monte Carlo in combination with deterministic high-performance PDE solvers. We describe the ingredients of PDD and its applicability in the scope of data science. In particular, we highlight recent advances in stochastic representations for non-linear PDEs using branching diffusions, which have significantly broadened the scope of PDD. We envision this work as a dictionary giving large-scale PDE practitioners references on the very latest algorithms and techniques of a non-standard, yet highly parallelizable, methodology at the interface of deterministic and probabilistic numerical methods. We close this work with an invitation to the fully non-linear case and open research questions.