Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Diagnosis of Migraine in Patients Consulting Their Physician With a Complaint of Headache: Data From the Landmark Study

Context. —Headache experts have suggested that to improve the recognition of migraine, patients with a stable pattern of episodic, disabling headache and a normal physical exam should be considered to have migraine in the absence of contradictory evidence. The premise upon which this approach is based—that is, that episodic, recurrent primary headache in the clinic is usually migraine—has not been evaluated in prospective clinical studies.
Amfepramone does not cause primary pulmonary hypertension

The article by ABRAMOWICZ et al. [1] should show the first case of primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) associated with the use of amfepramone (diethylpropion), an anorectic drug, and BMPR2 mutation. In my opinion, the relationship between amfepramone and the rise of PPH in this case is unproven. BMPR2 mutation is related to PPH without use of anorectics. Autosomal dominant germline mutations in BMPR2 have been identified iny55% of familial cases and in 25% of patients with negative family history [2]. There are three different types of anorectic drugs: fenfluramines (fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine), serotonin releasers; noradrenergic agents (i.e. amfepramone), noradrenaline releasers; and sibutramine, a noradrenaline and serotonin reuptake inhibitor [3]. It is true that BMPR2 mutations combined with exposure to fenfluramine derivatives increase the risk of developing PPH, but the mechanisms of the lesions, with any probability, are associated with the serotoninergic pathway [4–6]. Amfepramone is a noradrenaline releaser and not a serotonin stimulant. However, after ABENHAIM et al. [7] showed a correlation between anorectics and PPH, a second much larger study was performed in the USA [8]. This study showed that: 1) only the use of fenfluramines for o6 months remained associated with the diagnosis of PPH; and 2) when only recent users of fenfluramines (i.e. those using them in the 6 months preceding diagnosis) were counted as exposed, the associated adjusted odds ratios from the logistic regression that reflected the directions of associations were higher. Therefore: 1) Abramowicz9s patient had a mutation, which could, per se, cause PPH; 2) there are no data that amfepramone causes PPH; 3) a direct relationship between noradrenergic pathway and PPH has never been supposed; 4) the exposure to anorectic drug was too short; and 5) the period between amfepramone use and the onset of symptoms is too long. Considering this case, if we use the common algorithms for the assessment of adverse drug reactions [9–11], the result is unlikely. It is very difficult to be able to suppose that the use of amfepramone could have any relationship, even indirectly, in the rise of primary pulmonary hypertension.
Behavioral economics of human drug self‐administration: progressive ratio versus random sequences of response requirements

Progressive‐ratio (PR) schedules have been used widely to examine the relationship between drug consumption and drug price (i.e. demand curves) in the study of the behavioral economics of drug abuse. Sequential effects produced by the increasing response requirements of progressive‐ratio schedules might influence the shape of demand curves for drug reinforcers. This study compared progressive ratio schedule and random sequences of ratio requirements, each incremented across sessions in a within‐subject design, to determine if they produced similar behavioral economic and traditional measures of reinforcer efficacy. Self‐administration of standardized cigarette puffs (70 cc each) was studied with eight smokers. Puffs were available at nine ratio requirements (e.g. 3, 100, 300, 600, 1500, 3000, 6000, 12 000, 24 000 responses/three puffs), presented in ascending (progressive‐ratio schedule) or random sequence across daily sessions. The parameter estimates obtained on measures of reinforcing efficacy (e.g. breakpoint, peak response rates, elasticity of demand) were similar for both methods of incrementing prices. We found no evidence that PR and random sequences of fixed‐ratio (FR) schedules, incremented across daily sessions, resulted in different demand curves.
Aetiological factors in neonatal cholestasis

The aim of the study was to investigate factors of possible importance for the aetiology of neonatal cholestasis. The medical records of 85 cholestatic infants were retrospectively reviewed. The most common diagnoses were extrahepatic biliary atresia (n= 30 patients), α1‐antitrypsin deficiency (n= 11) and progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (n= 11). The mothers of the patients with biliary atresia had a higher mean age and were more commonly treated for gestational diabetes than the mothers of patients with intrahepatic neonatal cholestasis. The morbidity and mortality in the siblings of patients with biliary atresia were also greater than expected. There was a seasonal variation of the birth months in the biliary atresia group, possibly indicating an association to viral infections. Signs of ongoing cytomegalovirus infection were more common in both the extrahepatic and the intrahepatic group.
Significance of midpiece vesicles and functional integrity of the membranes of human spermatozoa after osmotic stress

Some human spermatozoa respond to osmotic pressure changes in their surroundings by volume change of vesicles on the plasmalemma in the midpiece domain. We aim to determine how cyclic change in osmotic stress affects motility and permeability of the plasmalemma and whether the response is affected by the presence of a midpiece vesicle. Spermatozoa from normozoospermic men were examined in medium, whose osmolality was adjusted to 276 and 450 mmol kg−1 with raffinose. Plasmalemma permeability was measured by propidium iodide (PI) uptake and motility assessed by computer‐aided semen analysis. Spermatozoa were imaged with fluorescence light and X‐ray microscopy. PI staining was significantly increased, and motility decreased only when spermatozoa were cycled from hyper‐ to hypo‐osmotic conditions. A single change in osmotic pressure did not significantly affect PI uptake. As expected, midpiece vesicles swelled and became spherical in hypo‐osmotic conditions. However, a significant association existed between osmotically induced plasmalemma damage and absence of a midpiece vesicle. We conclude that the midpiece vesicle is not a consequence of membrane leakage but a normal part of spermatozoon anatomy, conferring resistance to osmotic stress mediated damage. As osmotic stress affects both motility and plasmalemma permeability, the presence of a midpiece vesicle is significant in spermatozoal function and could have implications to understanding specific cases of undetermined male factor infertility.
The Effect of Insurance Benefit Changes on Use of Child and Adolescent Outpatient Mental Health Services

Use of outpatient mental health services by dependent children younger than 18 years of age enrolled in the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Federal Employees Plan (FEP) is examined in 1978 and 1983 focusing on a cut in benefits and a shift from high- to low-option plan enrollment between those years. While use rates increased from 2.13% to 2.76% by 1983, the average number of visits decreased from 18.9 to 12.8. High-option plan use exceeded low-option plan use in both years—2.26% versus 0.81% in 1978 and 3.58% versus 1.93% in 1983. In addition to benefit plan, ethnicity, parent's education, type of provider, and type of treatment setting also significantly predicted amount of use. Despite the strong evidence of the effects of benefit coverage, it is likely that need exceeded use even in this insured population of children and adolescents. Implications of the findings are discussed in the context of recent dramatic changes in mental service delivery including privatization, managed care initiatives to cut costs, and growing pressures for national health insurance.
ACCOUNTING FROM A RELIGIOUS PERSPECTIVE: A CASE OF THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTING IN ISLAMIC REPU

Purpose¬ - The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze the role of religion (Islam) in the development of accounting at the central government in Islamic Republic of Pakistan.Design/methodology/approach – It is an empirical paper that is situated within a social constructionist world view philosophical paradigm and that takes advantage of the descriptive and analytical characteristics of the qualitative case study. Islamic concepts, which are suggestive of Islamic accounting, constitute a theoretical framework for this study. Findings - The findings of the study indicate that the role of religion in the development of accounting in Pakistan is minimal or virtually non-existent. The current accounting system is deemed to be a result of the overall process of hybridization where many institutional and cultural factors may have played the major role in shaping accounting practices rather than the religion of Islam. Practical implications – There are cultural (excluding religion), as well as institutional factors, that are beyond the scope of this paper and that may have played a greater role in the (re)formation of the accounting practices as compared to religion. However, the dual nature of the concept of Islamic accounting - that is, (1) the accountability of government to fellow people (public) and (2) to Allah (God) - may play a wider role in the development of need-based accounting practices in central government accounting in Islam Republic of Pakistan. Originality/Value – This research is first in its nature to comprehend the role of religion (Islam) in the shaping the Government accounting practices in Pakistan. Hopefully, it has contributed to a better understanding of the concepts of Islamic accounting within a rather alien-empirical context, that is, Islamic Republic of Pakistan where constitutionally Islam is declared as a state religion.
Valores locales de referencia para la excreción urinaria de creatinina: Una actualización

Justificacion : La excrecion urinaria de creatinina es un indicador del tamano de la masa muscular esqueletica del ser humano. Cada gramo de creatinina que aparece en la orina equivale a 17 – 22 kilogramos de musculo esqueletico. Se han derivado intervalos locales de referencia para la excrecion urinaria de creatinina a partir del analisis retrospectivo de las bases de datos de la Seccion de Orina, Servicio de Laboratorio Clinico, Hospital Clinico quirurgico “Hermanos Ameijeiras” (La Habana, Cuba). Estos intervalos se han utilizado en los ejercicios de evaluacion nutricional conducidos en la institucion durante los ultimos 10 anos. Objetivos : Actualizar los intervalos locales de referencia para la excrecion urinaria de creatinina, y comprobar si han ocurrido cambios significativos en los valores predichos para los sujetos cubanos. Diseno del estudio : Analitico, retrospectivo. Material y metodo : Se extrajeron de las bases de datos de la Seccion de Orina los valores de excrecion urinaria de creatinina determinados en sujetos de uno u otro sexo, con edades entre 19 – 58 anos, funcion renal preservada, y peso adecuado para la talla corriente (18.5 <= Indice de Masa Corporal <= 27.4 Kg.m-2). Se verifico, adicionalmente, la exactitud de la coleccion de 24 horas de orina. Los valores locales de referencia para la excrecion urinaria de creatinina, despues de ajustados segun el sexo, se obtuvieron de la recta de regresion Creatininaorina, mg.24 horas-1 = f(Edad, Talla; theta), theta: vector de parametros. Resultados : La excrecion urinaria de creatinina esperada para un hombre cubano de 35 anos, 170 centimetros de talla, y peso adecuado para la talla es de 1,217.2 mg.24 horas-1. Por su parte, la excrecion urinaria de creatinina esperada para una mujer cubana de 35 anos, 160 centimetros de talla y peso adecuado para la talla es de 878.6 mg.24 horas-1. Los valores de referencia actualizados no fueron diferentes de los reportados previamente. Conclusiones : Los ejercicios de evaluacion nutricional y reconstruccion corporal del sujeto atendido en la institucion deben incorporar los valores locales de referencia de la excrecion urinaria de creatinina expuestos en este articulo.
The effect of lensing on the identification of SCUBA galaxies

ABSTRACT Spectroscopic surveys of luminous submillimetre-selected sources have uncoveredoptically-bright galaxies at z <∼ 1 close to the positions of several submillimetre(submm) sources. Naive statistical analyses suggest that these galaxies are associatedwith the submm emission. However, in some cases, it is diﬃcult to understand thisassociation given the relatively modest redshifts and unpreposessing spectral charac-teristics ofthe galaxies.Theseare in starkconstrastto those expected from the massivedust-enshrouded starbursts and AGN thought to power the bulk of the bright submmpopulation. We present new observations of optically-bright counterparts to two lumi-nous submm sources, along with a compilation of previously proposed optically-brightcounterparts with z <∼ 1. We suggest that the majority of these associations betweenbright galaxies and submm sources may be due to the action of the foreground galax-ies as gravitational lenses on the much fainter and more distant submm sources. Wediscuss the implications of this conclusion for our understanding of the SCUBA pop-ulation.Key words: galaxies: starburst – galaxies: formation – infrared: galaxies
Influence of pathological progression on the balance between cellular and humoral immune responses in bovine tuberculosis

Studies of tuberculosis have suggested a shift in dominance from a T helper type 1 (Th1) towards a Th2 immune response that is associated with suppressed cell‐mediated immune (CMI) responses and increased humoral responses as the disease progresses. In this study a natural host disease model was used to investigate the balance of the evolving immune response towards Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle with respect to pathogenesis. Cytokine analysis of CD4 T‐cell clones derived from M. bovis‐infected animals gave some indication that there was a possible relationship between enhanced pathogenesis and an increased ratio of Th0 [interleukin‐4‐positive/interferon‐γ‐positive (IL‐4+/IFN‐γ+)] clones to Th1 (IFN‐γ+) clones. All animals developed strong antimycobacterial CMI responses, but depressed cellular responses were evident as the disease progressed, with the IFN‐γ test failing to give consistently positive results in the latter stages. Furthermore, a stronger Th0 immune bias, depressed in vitro CMI responses, elevated levels of IL‐10 expression and enhanced humoral responses were also associated with increased pathology. In minimal disease, however, a strong Th1 immune bias was maintained and an anti‐M. bovis humoral response failed to develop. It was also seen that the level of the anti‐M. bovis immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) isotype antibody responses correlated with the pathology scores, whereas CMI responses did not have as strong a relationship with the development of pathology. Therefore, the development and maintenance of a Th1 IFN‐γ response is associated with a greater control of M. bovis infection. Animals progressing from a Th1‐biased to a Th0‐biased immune response developed more extensive pathology and performed less well in CMI‐based diagnostic tests but developed strong IgG1 humoral responses.
Monoclonal antibodies therapies for ovarian cancer

Introduction: Despite aggressive debulking surgery, intraperitoneal therapies and the use of new drugs for chemotherapy, patients with ovarian cancer (OC) still have poor prognosis and, therefore, new strategies for its management are needed. Molecular-targeted agents can be considered a new option in drug research. Several antigens related to OC have been isolated and they could be potential target of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs); therefore, different mAbs have been developed and are emerging as new potential OC treatments. Areas covered: This article aims to review the literature on the use of mAbs in the treatment of OC. The purposes of this manuscript are to offer a brief explanation of the mechanisms of action of mAbs and to help readers in understanding the current role of mAbs in the treatment of OC. Expert opinion: A deeper knowledge of the molecular biology of OC has brought new developments in targeted therapies. Among these therapies, bevacizumab demonstrated the higher clinical efficacy. Further larger trials are needed to better define the role of the other mAbs in OC treatment. There is a strong need to identify and validate robust biomarkers for a more focused patient selection and for tailoring therapies, optimizing dose and assessing response.
HEMOPOIETIC GRAFTS BETWEEN DLA‐IDENTICAL CANINE LITTERMATES FOLLOWING DIMETHYL MYLERAN: EVIDENCE FOR RESISTANCE TO GRAFTS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH DLA AND ABROGATED BY ANTITHYMOCYTE SERUM

Dogs were given a single (supralethal) dose of 10 mg of dimethyl myleran (DMM) per kg i.v. followed by infusions of marrow, 0.4 ± 0.2 × 109 (SD) cells/kg, and blood leukocytes, 1.4 ± 0.5 × 109 (SD)/kg, from DLA-identical littermates of opposite sex. DLA identity was determined by serological histocompability typing and mutual nonreactivity in mixed leukocyte culture. Sixteen dogs were given only DMM before the hemopoietic graft: two never showed evidence of marrow engraftment, six had initial engraftment but subsequently rejected the graft, and eight had sustained engraftment. Four of the eight were alive between days 557 and 739. Ninety-seven, 70, and 65%, respectively, of metaphases analyzed in their marrows, peripheral blood, and lymph nodes showed the donor karyotype. Ten dogs were given antithymocyte serum (ATS) for 6 days before DMM and the hemopoietic graft: one had initial engraftment but subsequently rejected the graft and nine had sustained engraftment. Eight of the nine were alive between 174 and 382 days. Between 82 and 97% of their hemopoietic cells showed the donor karyotype. Three dogs were given a combination of procarbazine and ATS for 6 days before DMM and the hemopoietic graft: all three had sustained engraftment, and 99 to 100% of their hemopoietic cells showed the donor karyotype. In conclusion, a dose of 10 mg of DMM per kg was sufficiently immunosuppressive to permit sustained engraftment of DLA-identical marrow in 50% of the dogs studied. Fifty percent of the dogs rejected the graft, presumably as a result of resistance to “minor” histocompability systems not associated with DLA. The addition of ATS or procarbazine and ATS to DMM successfully abrogated resistance. Its profound antitumor activity with marrow toxicity reversible by marrow transplantation combined with its moderate immunosuppressive properties suggest that DMM is useful in combination with other agents to condition human patients with hematologic malignancy for marrow transplantation.
Ligand-Activation of the Adenosine A2a Receptors Inhibits IL-12 Production by Human Monocytes

Adenosine (ADO) exerts potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. In this paper we address the possibility that these effects are partly mediated by inhibition of the secretion of IL-12, a proinflammatory cytokine and a major inducer of Th1 responses. We demonstrate that 5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA), a nonspecific ADO analogue, and 2-p-(2-carbonyl-ethyl)phenylethylamino-5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (CGS-21680), a specific A2a receptor agonist, dose-dependently inhibited, in whole blood ex vivo and monocyte cultures, the production of human IL-12 induced by LPS and Stapholococcus aureus Cowan strain 1. However, the A1 receptor agonist 2-Chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine and the A3 receptor agonists N6-Benzyl-NECA and 1-deoxy-1-[6-[[(3-iodophenyl)methyl]amino]-9H-purin-9-yl]-N-methyl-β-d-ribofuranuronamide expressed only weak inhibitory effects. On the other hand, NECA and CGS-21680 dose-dependently potentiated the production of IL-10. The differential effect of these drugs on monocyte IL-12 and IL-10 production implies that these effects are mediated by A2a receptor signaling rather than by intracellular toxicity of ADO analogue’s metabolites. Moreover, CGS-21680 inhibited IL-12 production independently of endogenous IL-10 induction, because anti-IL-10 Abs failed to prevent its effect. The selective A2a antagonist 8-(3-Chlorostyryl) caffeine prevented the inhibitory effect of CGS-21680 on IL-12 production. The phosphodiesterase inhibitor Ro 20-1724 dose-dependently potentiated the inhibitory effect of CGS-21680 and, furthermore, Rp-cAMPS, a protein kinase A inhibitor, reversed the inhibitory effect of CGS-21680, implicating a cAMP/protein kinase A pathway in its action. Thus, ligand activation of A2a receptors simultaneously inhibits IL-12 and stimulates IL-10 production by human monocytes. Through this mechanism, ADO released in excess during inflammatory and ischemic conditions, or tissue injury, may contribute to selective suppression of Th1 responses and cellular immunity.
Fast Band-Sweep Total Isotropic Sensitivity Measurement

To provide consistent measurements of radio performance in typical complex environments, the total isotropic sensitivity (TIS) is used as a key parameter measured in anechoic chambers. Currently, the TIS measurement is based on the integration of the measured effective isotropic sensitivity at every angle over a spherical surface. This measurement is time consuming so it is only performed for three channels in a band in order to reduce overall measurement time. However, the whole band performance in real environments is critical in the research and development stage, and even in potential certification measurement. A novel fast band-sweep measurement for TIS of wireless devices is proposed in this paper. This method measures the radiated sensitivity and the average gain of the receiver antenna separately, and then combines them to obtain the TIS. The measurement of the radiated sensitivity in a band is efficiently performed based on the relationship between the bit error rate and the received power, and the band-sweep average gain of mobile antennas can be achieved through peak gain measurements. Hence, this method reduces band-sweep measurement time significantly and also ensues the measurement accuracy by eliminating the systematic error in the received signal strength indicator reporting.
Scalable Routing for Content Centric Network

In Content Centric Network, name-based routing may not scale because the number of content names will be orders of magnitude higher than IP prefixes. To address the scalability problem, we propose routing schemes that exploits the autonomous system numbers and domain names. For intradomain routing, routers use the splitted routing table by using hashed value of domain names. For inter-domain routing, autonomous system number will be attached to domain name of interest packet. By exploiting this number, packet will be forwarded to destination.
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF URODYNAMIC STRESS INCONTINENCE

The aim of this guideline is to highlight the evidence for different surgical approaches, since the best chance of surgical ‘cure’ for stress incontinence is successful primary surgery. Primary surgery should only be considered after a period of conservative treatment from a specialist therapist has been offered and rejected, or has failed. There is evidence from a Cochrane review that pelvic-floor muscle training is effective in patients with stress or mixed incontinence, and that intensive therapy is better than standard pelvic floor training. The role of conservative therapy following previous continence surgery has not been established.