Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The significant influence of residual feed intake on flavor precursors and biomolecules in slow-growing Korat chicken meat

Objective This study investigated the association between feed efficiency, physicochemical properties, flavor precursors and biomolecules in the thigh meat of Korat (KR) chickens. Methods The feed intake and body weight of individual male KR chickens were recorded from 1 to 10 weeks old to calculate the individual residual feed intake (RFI) of 75 birds. At 10 weeks of age, chickens with the 10 highest (HRFI) and lowest RFI (LRFI) were slaughtered to provide thigh meat samples. The physicochemical properties (ultimate pH, water holding capacity [WHC], drip loss) and flavor precursors (guanosine monophosphate, inosine monophosphate (IMP), adenosine monophosphate and inosine) were analyzed conventionally, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to identify the composition of biomolecules (lipids, ester lipids, amide I, amide II, amide III, and carbohydrates) and the secondary structure of the proteins. A group t-test was used to determine significant differences between mean values and principal component analysis to classify thigh meat samples into LRFI and HRFI KR chickens. Results The physicochemical properties of thigh meat samples from LRFI and HRFI KR chickens were not significantly different but the IMP content, ratios of lipid, lipid ester, protein (amide I, amide II) were significantly different (p<0.05). The correlation loading results showed that the LRFI group was correlated with high ratios of lipids, lipid esters, collagen content (amide III) and beta sheet protein (rg loading >0.5) while the HRFI group was positively correlated with protein (amide I, amide II), alpha helix protein, IMP content, carbohydrate, ultimate pH and WHC (rg loading >0.5). Conclusion The thigh meat from chickens with different RFI differed in physiochemical properties affecting meat texture, and in the contents of flavor precursors and biomolecules affecting the nutritional value of meat. This information can help animal breeders to make genetic improvements by taking more account of traits related to RFI.
Efficacy of reciprocating and rotary retreatment nickel-titanium file systems for removing filling materials with a complementary cleaning method in oval canals

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of the S1 reciprocating system and the D-Race retreatment rotary system for filling material removal and the apical extrusion of debris. Materials and Methods Sixty-four freshly extracted maxillary canines were shaped with size 10 and size 15 K-files, instrumented using ProTaper Gold under irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), obturated according to the principle of thermo-mechanical condensation with gutta-percha and zinc oxide eugenol sealer, and allowed to set for 3 weeks at 37°C. Subsequently, the teeth were divided into a control group (n = 4), the D-Race rotary instrument group (n = 30), and the S1 reciprocating instrument group (n = 30). After classical retreatment, the canals were subjected to a complementary approach with the XP-Endo Shaper. Desocclusol was used as a solvent, and irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl was performed. Each group was divided into subgroups according to the timing of radiographic readings. The images were imported into a software program to measure the remaining filling material, the apical extrusion, and the root canal space. The data were statistically analyzed using the Z-test and JASP graphics software. Results No significant differences were found between the D-Race and S1 groups for primary retreatment; however, using a complementary cleaning method increased the removal of remnant filling (p < 0.05). Conclusions Classical removal of canal filling material may not be sufficient for root canal disinfection, although a complementary finishing approach improved the results. Nevertheless, all systems left some debris and caused apical extrusion.
Evaluation of Posttraumatic Headache Phenotype and Recovery Time After Youth Concussion

Key Points Question Are outcomes for posttraumatic headache (PTH) after youth concussion associated with migraine phenotype? Findings In this cohort study from the Four Corners Youth Consortium including 281 patients with 286 concussions, PTH with migraine phenotype was associated with prolonged recovery and higher risk of persistent PTH following concussion compared with nonmigraine PTH phenotype or no PTH. Meaning These findings suggest that PTH with migraine phenotype may be a marker for more significant injury or deleterious pathophysiology after head injury and could be a target for early intervention to prevent persistent and disabling symptoms following concussion.
Is it really infective endocarditis? Distinguishing systemic vasculitis from its mimics

Department of Rheumatology, IRCCS Polyclinic San Matteo Foundation General Hospital, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy PhD School of Experimental Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Polyclinic San Matteo Foundation General Hospital, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy Department of Traslational Oncology, Scientific Institute of Pavia Maugeri ICS, Pavia, Italy
Coping with COVID-19: social representations underlying blaming processes and fear

Abstract Objective. This study examines how people socially represent the COVID-19 pandemic in the early stage of the health crisis in Europe. Specifically, this research analyses the days before and immediately after the declaration of the state of emergency in Spain, which resulted in the entire population being placed in lockdown. Design. For this purpose, we used the Grid Elaboration Method for free association elicited by the word “coronavirus”. This exercise was completed by 1037 people from Spain. Main Outcome Measures. Responses were analysed using Iramuteq software for lexical analysis. Results. Before the state of emergency and lockdown, there was a repeat of many of the emotional and cognitive patterns seen in previous pandemics such us upward and downward blaming or feelings of anger and emotional fatigue. However, outward blaming patterns towards peers also emerged. Moreover, in the period following lockdown, we noted the emergence of new representations and emotions such as paralyzing distrust or resilience. Similarity analysis revealed that the “fear of pandemic” hides a wide variety of emotions. Conclusion. Understanding the blaming and fear processes that are linked to the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain offers us practical implications for coping with the challenge of this new crisis.
Peptidyl and Non-Peptidyl Oral Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are efficacious glucose-lowering medications with salient benefits for body weight and cardiovascular events. This class of medications is now recommended as the top priority for patients with established cardiovascular disease or indicators of high risk. Until the advent of oral semaglutide, however, GLP-1 receptor agonists were available only in the form of subcutaneous injections. Aversion to needles, discomfort with self-injection, or skin problems at the injection site are commonly voiced problems in people with diabetes, and thus, attempts for non-invasive delivery strategies have continued. Herein, we review the evolution of GLP-1 therapy from its discovery and the development of currently approved drugs to the unprecedented endeavor to administer GLP-1 receptor agonists via the oral route. We focus on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the recently approved oral GLP-1 receptor agonist, oral semaglutide. Small molecule oral GLP-1 receptor agonists are currently in development, and we introduce how these chemicals have addressed the challenge posed by interactions with the large extracellular ligand binding domain of the GLP-1 receptor. We specifically discuss the structure and pharmacological properties of TT-OAD2, LY3502970, and PF-06882961, and envision an era where more patients could benefit from oral GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy.
Preparation of Peroxodisulfuric Acid Using Boron‐Doped Diamond Thin Film Electrodes

The anodic oxidn. of H2SO4 to H2S2O8 was investigated on B-doped synthetic diamond electrodes obtained by hot filament chem. vapor deposition. High current efficiency for H2S2O8 formation can be achieved in concd. H2SO4 (7.5 mol dm-3) and using high current densities (200 mA cm-2). The main side reaction is oxygen evolution. [on SciFinder (R)]
Effects of government cash subsidies on health risk behaviors of the rural elderly: Evidence from social pension expansions in China

INTRODUCTION There is relatively little research on the impact of government cash subsidies on health risk behaviors of the elderly in China. We thus analyzed the effect of pension subsidies on the smoking and drinking behaviors of rural elderly using a pension scheme introduced in rural China in 2009. METHODS Based on panel data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) in 2008 and 2011, a Difference-in-Differences (DID) method was applied to comprehensively analyze the impact of the new agricultural insurance on the health risk behaviors of the rural elderly. In order to solve possible sample selection biases, the Propensity Score Matching with Difference-in-Differences (PSM-DID) approach was used. RESULTS We found that the implementation of the government cash subsidies clearly promoted smoking rather than drinking behavior among rural older adults. Specifically, the government cash subsidies facilitated smokers to smoke an additional 2.9 cigarettes/day, and the impact of government cash subsidies on the average cigarettes/day among smokers was more pronounced among the male elderly, lower age elderly, higher income elderly, and elderly with intact instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). CONCLUSIONS In order to reduce the negative externalities of old-age subsidies, the government should place some restrictions on the use of cash subsidies for tobacco purchase by the elderly.
VS38 staining contributes to a novel gating strategy in flow cytometry for small B cell lymphoma, especially in lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström macroglobulinemia

Multi‐parametric flow cytometry (MFC) is a helpful tool for detecting neoplastic cells in malignant lymphoma; however, lymphoma cells can be difficult to detect when characteristic immunophenotypic abnormalities are not evident. We evaluated the stainability of VS38, which is used for multiple myeloma, in normal and abnormal B cells using MFC to develop a new strategy for detecting lymphoma cells.
Magnetite/graphene nanosheet composites: interfacial interaction and its impact on the durable high-rate performance in lithium-ion batteries

We explore in-depth the interfacial interaction between Fe3O4 nanoparticles and graphene nanosheets as well as its impact on the electrochemical performance of Fe3O4/graphene anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Fe3O4/graphene hybrid materials are prepared by direct pyrolysis of Fe(NO3)3·9H2O on graphene sheets. The interfacial interaction between Fe3O4 and graphene nanosheets is investigated in detail by thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry analysis, Raman spectrum, X-ray photoelectron energy spectrum and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It was found that Fe3O4 nanoparticles disperse homogeneously on graphene sheets, and form strong covalent bond interactions (Fe–O–C bond) with graphene basal plane. The strong covalent links ensure the high specific capacity and long-period cyclic stability of Fe3O4/graphene hybrid electrodes for lithium-ion batteries at high current density. The capacity keeps as high as 796 mAhg−1 after 200 cycles without any fading in comparison with the first reversible capacity at the current density of 500 mAg−1 (ca. 0.6 C). At 1 Ag−1 (ca. 1.3 C), the reversible capacity attains ca. 550 mAhg−1 and 97% of initial capacity is maintained after 300 cycles. This work reveals an important factor affecting the high-rate and cyclic stability of metal oxide anode, and provides an effective way to the design of new anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.
Egg White Protein Carrier-Assisted Development of Solid Dispersion for Improved Aqueous Solubility and Permeability of Poorly Water Soluble Hydrochlorothiazide

Hydrochlorothiazide (HTZ) is a first-line drug used in the treatment of hypertension suffered from low oral bioavailability due to poor aqueous solubility and permeability. Hence, lyophilized egg white protein-based solid dispersion (HTZ-EWP SD) was developed to explore its feasibility as a solid dispersion carrier for enhanced aqueous solubility and permeability of HTZ. The HTZ-EWP SD was prepared using the kneading method. HTZ-EWP SD was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffractometer (PXRD), solubility, in vitro dissolution, and ex vivo permeation studies. The physico-chemical evaluation suggested the formation of the solid dispersion. Optimized HTZ-EWP SD4 drastically enhanced (~32-fold) aqueous solubility (~16.12 ± 0.08 mg/mL) over to pure HTZ (~ 0.51 ± 0.03 mg/mL). The dissolution study in phosphate buffer media (pH 6.8) revealed that HTZ-EWP SD4 significantly enhanced the release rate of HTZ (~ 87 %) over to HTZ (~ 25 %). The permeation rate of HTZ from optimized HTZ-EWP SD4 was enhanced significantly (~ 84 %) compared to pure HTZ (~ 24 %). Optimized HTZ-EWP-SD4 enhanced the rate of HTZ dissolution (~ 86 %) in FeSSIF (fed state simulated intestinal fluid), compared to a low dissolution rate (~ 72 %) in FaSSIF (fasted state simulated intestinal fluid) state after 2-h study. Obtained results conclude that lyophilized egg white protein can be utilized as an alternative solid dispersion carrier for enhancing the solubility and permeability of HTZ.
Northern and Southern Forests of Socorro Island Harbor Different Communities of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

Abstract: Arbuscular-mycorrhizal (AM) fungi affect individual plants and the diversity of plant communities. AM interactions are sensitive to the physical properties and nutrient availability of soil. In contrast to the comprehensive knowledge of AM fungi's diversity in many mainland ecosystems, there is a considerable gap in the understanding of the communities of AM fungi on oceanic islands. We surveyed the community of AM fungi in the wet forests of Socorro Island (above an elevation of 600 m). Because of the influence of northerly winds, the island's windward side is presumably more humid than the leeward side, although, above 600 m elevation, fog is common on both sides of the island. Forty-six percent of AM fungi species occurred on only one side of the island. Also, four species common to both sides showed marked differences in abundance, and the abundances of the AM fungi correlated with the abundance of plant life-forms. Beta diversity was similar in the southern and northern forests. However, the contribution of nestedness to beta diversity was three-fold greater in the southern forests than in the northern forests. Root colonization by AM fungi was higher in the northern forests, where phosphorous content was also high. The prevalence of nestedness in beta diversity and the lower mycorrhizal colonization of roots in the southern forests could reflect known perturbations in the southern forests.
Characteristics of Al / p‐AgGaTe2 polycrystalline thin film Schottky barrier diode

An Al/p‐AgGaTe2 polycrystalline thin film schottky barrier diode have been prepared by flash‐evaporation of p‐AgGaTe2 onto a pre‐deposited film of aluminium. The current‐voltage, capacitance‐voltage and photoresponse of the diode have been investigated. The important physical parameter such as barrier height of the fabricated diode was derived from these measurements. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Erosion and sediment delivery in southern Iowa watersheds: Implications for conservation planning

Soil sediment export from agricultural watersheds is a major environmental concern and is a primary contributor to nonpoint source sediments in streams. The purpose of this study was to quantify total suspended solid (TSS) export and current sediment delivery ratios (SDRs) in four southern Iowa watersheds and evaluate how existing and potential best management practices (BMPs) have affected SDRs. Our study updated estimates of SDRs that were previously developed using mid-20th century data and largely unknown methods. We estimated TSS export using continuous turbidity measurements and total phosphorus (P) data and measured discharge data to calculate TSS loads. By comparing annual TSS export to watershed-scale soil erosion estimated with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model, we calculated annual SDRs for the study watersheds and found that current SDRs were significantly lower than previous estimates. This new analysis provides an exceptional story of conservation progress in our study watersheds over the past four decades. Further, they are likely a worst-case scenario for sheet and rill eroded sediment export since TSS export does not distinguish among other sediment sources, such as stream bank and gully erosion. Based on the extent of BMP implementation in the watersheds and the potential for future BMPs determined using the Agricultural Conservation Planning Framework (ACPF) toolbox, we found that there is only limited potential for further reducing TSS export using additional in-field practices. Hence, we believe that further work toward reducing TSS export in these Iowa watersheds should be shifted to reducing contributions from other TSS sources including from streambed, bank, and gully erosion.
Leading at the edge: A roadmap to advance edge of field practices in agriculture

Anyone who has driven cross-country knows one thing: America’s landscape is as diverse as it is beautiful. From the sandy shores of the Atlantic Ocean, rich soils of the Midwest, and flat expanse of the Mississippi River Delta, to the arid deserts of the Southwest and the forests of the Pacific Northwest—the landforms, climates, and resource concerns are different. In order to meet the diverse resource concerns of these landscapes, we need a diverse set of tools from which farmers, ranchers, and landowners can choose.
Social leverage of sporting mega-events and co-production. The case study of Orlik facilities in Poland after EURO 2012

ABSTRACT This study analyses the process of social leveraging of UEFA EURO 2012 in Poland for sports participation through a case study of Orlik facilities. It identifies new arrangements in the governance of the facilities that are based on the co-production of amateur sports offer in a polycentric nested system. This novel bottom-up approach brought results in terms of increased participation in the facilities. The analysis is based on a case study of Orliks over a period of eight years, from 2011 until 2018. The main method was ethnography consisting of open-ended semi-structured interviews and participant observation. This study connects the notions of legacy and leverage of mega-events with Elinor Ostrom’s concept of co-production. The analysis supports earlier findings on the legacy of mega-events in terms of sport participation which discussed the advantages of bottom-up, local approaches in comparison to centrally planned programmes.
Emotion recognition using time–frequency ridges of EEG signals based on multivariate synchrosqueezing transform

Abstract The feasibility of using time–frequency (TF) ridges estimation is investigated on multi-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) signals for emotional recognition. Without decreasing accuracy rate of the valence/arousal recognition, the informative component extraction with low computational cost will be examined using multivariate ridge estimation. The advanced TF representation technique called multivariate synchrosqueezing transform (MSST) is used to obtain well-localized components of multi-channel EEG signals. Maximum-energy components in the 2D TF distribution are determined using TF-ridges estimation to extract instantaneous frequency and instantaneous amplitude, respectively. The statistical values of the estimated ridges are used as a feature vector to the inputs of machine learning algorithms. Thus, component information in multi-channel EEG signals can be captured and compressed into low dimensional space for emotion recognition. Mean and variance values of the five maximum-energy ridges in the MSST based TF distribution are adopted as feature vector. Properties of five TF-ridges in frequency and energy plane (e.g., mean frequency, frequency deviation, mean energy, and energy deviation over time) are computed to obtain 20-dimensional feature space. The proposed method is performed on the DEAP emotional EEG recordings for benchmarking, and the recognition rates are yielded up to 71.55, and 70.02% for high/low arousal, and high/low valence, respectively.
AN INVESTIGATION OF DYNAMICAL DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY FOR SOLVATION IN SIMPLE MIXTURES

Linear and nonlinear versions of time dependent density functional theory are solved for a single solute particle in a simple binary solvent. All particles interact with Lennard-Jones potentials. The theoretical results are compared with molecular dynamics calculations. It is shown that the nonlinear theory is necessary in order to obtain a good quantitative description of selective solvation dynamics. The linear theory is only of qualitative value. Also, attention is drawn to a previously little appreciated problem which arises when one attempts to compare time dependent density functional theory with computer simulation or experimental results. The difficulty involves matching the theoretical and absolute time scales and is discussed in detail in this paper.
Maize Ethylene Response Factor ZmERF061 Is Required for Resistance to Exserohilum turcicum

Plants have evolved a series of sophisticated defense mechanisms to help them from harm. Ethylene Response Factor (ERF) plays pivotal roles in plant immune reactions, however, its underlying mechanism in maize with a defensive function to Exserohilum turcicum (E. turcicum) remains poorly understood. Here, we isolated and characterized a novel ERF transcription factor, designated ZmERF061, from maize. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that ZmERF061 is a member of B3 group in the ERF family. qRT-PCR assays showed that the expression of ZmERF061 is significantly induced by E. turcicum inoculation and hormone treatments with salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA). ZmERF061 was proved to function as a nucleus-localized transcription activator and specifically bind to the GCC-box element. zmerf061 mutant lines resulted in enhanced susceptibility to E. turcicum via decreasing the expression of ZmPR10.1 and ZmPR10.2 and the activity of antioxidant defense system. zmerf061 mutant lines increased the expression of the SA signaling-related gene ZmPR1a and decreased the expression of the jasmonic acid (JA) signaling-related gene ZmLox1 after infection with E. turcicum. In addition, ZmERF061 could interact with ZmMPK6-1. These results suggested that ZmERF061 plays an important role in response to E. turcicum and may be useful in genetic engineering breeding.