Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EATING HEALTHFULLY ON A LIMITED INCOME: A MULTISYSTEMIC APPROACH TO THE BARRIERS LOW-INCOME POPULATIONS FACE IN OBTAINING ADEQUATE NUTRITION IN THE U.S. by MARYANN POSTIGLIONE

Because of the ever-changing nature of the economy and the food environment, research as recent as 2010 may not be relevant to today’s discussion on food insecurity, food deserts, obesity rates, and nutritional quality in the U.S. population’s diet. Today, people of low socioeconomic status in the U.S. are at risk for overweight, obesity, and chronic illnesses such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and certain cancers. In this report, I investigate published research about low-income populations in the U.S. relative to the food environment and describe implications for healthcare professionals implementing interventions with these populations, discussed in the following categories: Dietary Intake Quality and Socioeconomic Status; Food Insecurity; Barriers to Quality Food Access in the U.S. Food Environment; Communities Alleviating Food Insecurity; Food-Related Perceptions, Attitudes, and Behaviors; Homelessness and Food-Related Behaviors; Why Do People Buy What They Buy? ; Nutrition Assistance Programs and Policies; Current U.S. Food Costs; and Comparing the Nutritional Value Versus Price of Foods. Although the literature on the subject of low-income diet quality is thorough, much of it needs to be updated with current data on food prices, food environments, and U.S. diet quality. For this purpose, I compiled the most recent data from the National Bureau of Labor & Statistics on food prices to discuss the elevated food prices of healthful foods as opposed to less healthful foods. I also created a one-month menu based on the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Thrifty Food Plan budget allowance in order to follow a healthful diet in this harsh economic climate utilizing the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010 and the Affordable
Shock-Tube and Modeling Study of Dimethyl Ether Pyrolysis and Oxidation

Pyrolysis and oxidation in fuel-rich and fuel-lean mixtures of dimethyl ether (DME) highly diluted with argon were studied behind reflected shock waves in the temperature range 950 - 1900 K at total pressures between 0.8 and 2.9 atm. The study was carried out using the following methods: l) time-resolved IR-laser absorption at 3.39 Jlm for DME decay and CH-compound formation rates, 2) time-resolved UV absorption at 216 nm for the CH3 radical formation rate, 3) time­ resolved UV absorption at 306.7 nm for the OH radical formation rate, 4) time-resolved IR emission at 4.24J1m for the C02 formation rate, and 5) a single-pulse technique for product yields. The pyrolysis and oxidation of DME, which were for very wide mixture compositions ranging from highly DME-rich to highly DME-lean, were modeled using a reaction mechanism with 178 reaction steps and 53 species including the most recent sub-mechanisms for formaldehyde, ketene, methane, acetylene, and ethylene oxidation. This and previously reported data were reproduced using this mechanism. The rate constant k5 = 4.5 x 10 14 exp (- 6.1 kcal/RT) cm 3 mor 1 s- 1 of reaction DME + OH -> CH30CH2 + H20 was evaluated.
ORGANIC AND INORGANIC NITROGEN IN SEDIMENTS FROM LEG 80 , DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT 1

Concentrations of organic and inorganic nitrogen have been measured on Leg 80 sediments. The inorganic nitrogen content is relatively constant, 0.02-0.03 wt. %. Because most of the inorganic nitrogen occurs as NH3 or (NH4) + fixed on clays, clay-poor sediments have lower inorganic nitrogen contents. Organic nitrogen content depends upon both the type and the quantity of organic matter present. In Leg 80 sediments, woody kerogens contain much less organic nitrogen than do kerogens of algal origin. Furthermore, pelagic samples of low organic carbon content have less organic nitrogen than predicted, because of loss during diagenesis. DSDP shipboard analytical procedures do not distinguish between organic and inorganic nitrogen. Great caution must therefore be exercised in interpreting C/N ratios.
Alien crayfish species in Latvian inland waters

Survey of data on Latvian freshwater crayfish species distribution and occurrence in different waterbodies (404 lakes, 368 rivers and 47 reservoirs, nine quarry reservoirs) across the territory in the last decades from 1988 to 2018 were performed with the aim to compare field data with previous research, inquiries and grey data. The most frequently occurring species was native noble crayfish Astacus astacus and the introduced narrow-clawed crayfish Astacus leptodactylis, with incidence of 26 and 5% from surveyed waterbodies, respectively. The invasive alien crayfish species Orconectes limosus and Pacifastacus leniusculus occured in 23 (2.8%) and 10 (1.2%) of waterbodies, respectively. The history of invasion of alien crayfish species was analysed. Survey results demonstrated that in the last decades noble crayfish occurrence decreased, or their presence was not detected due to low population density. The occurrence of other species, especially invasive spiny-cheek crayfish, was increasing.
Transient and slim versus recurrent and fat: Random walks and the trees they grow

The no restart random walk (NRRW) is a random network growth model driven by a random walk that builds the graph while moving on it, adding and connecting a new leaf node to the current position of the walker every s steps. We show a fundamental dichotomy in NRRW with respect to the parity of s: for ${s}=1$ we prove that the random walk is transient and non-leaf nodes have degrees bounded above by an exponential distribution; for s even we prove that the random walk is recurrent and non-leaf nodes have degrees bounded below by a power law distribution. These theoretical findings highlight and confirm the diverse and rich behaviour of NRRW observed empirically.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON HEART DISEASE ANALYSIS USING CLASSIFICATION TECHNIQUES

As it is modern era where people use computers more for work and other purposes physical activities are reduced. Due to work pressure they are not worrying about food habits. This results in introduction of junk food. These junk foods in turn results in many health issues. Major issue is heart disease. It is the major cause of casualty all over the world. Prediction of such heart disease is a tough task. But Countless mining approaches overcome this difficulty. Nowadays data mining techniques play’s an important role in many fields such as business application, stock market analysis, e-commerce, medical field and many more. Previously many techniques like Bayesian classification, decision tree and many more are employed for heart disease prediction. In this proposal we are going to do a comparative study on three algorithms.
C3.3 - A 600°C Wireless and Passive Temperature Sensor Based on Langasite SAW-Resonators

A wireless temperature sensor for the measurement of temperatures up to 600°C was developed. The passive sensor is based on SAW resonators on Langasite substrate. To support temperatures up to 600°C, new processes for front-end and back-end were developed and new material parameters for simulation of SAW devices on Langasite had to be determined. The results for the applied metallization system are discussed. Novel and reliable solutions in the field of assembly technology of a high-temperature surface mount package are presented. Wired and wireless measurements will be shown. Harsh environment reliability data, e.g. temperature cycling between 50°C and 650°C, temperature storage at 600°C and temperature measurements up to 700°C will be demonstrated. The development of appropriate resonator designs and investigations made for definition of operating frequency range of sensors are covered. For wireless interrogation, an antenna optimised for high temperature operation at 433 MHz was developed.
Title An analysis of 1256 cases of sporadic ruptured cerebralaneurysm in a single Chinese institution

Background: To review the epidemiology of sporadic ruptured cerebral aneurysm. Methods: This is a retrospective study of consecutive 1256 Chinese patients between January 2006 and January 2013, who were admitted to the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, China, for spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage due to a rupture of cerebral artery aneurysm. In 288 males and 478 females, the size of aneurysms was measured by a neuroradiologist on DSA. In 123 males and 184 females, the size of the ruptured aneurysms was not measured. The remaining patients, with 61 males and 122 females, had multiple aneurysms, and the medical record could not reliably determine the specific aneurysm responsible for the rupture. Results: In total there were 784 females and 472 males with a female/male ratio of 1.66. The female/male ratio was down to 0.50 for patients younger than 35 yrs. For both males and females, aneurysm rupture was most common during the age of 50–59 yrs. Ruptured aneurysms were mostly of 2 mm–5 mm in size (47.1%), followed by 5 mm–10 mm (39.7%). Ruptured single cerebral aneurysm occurred in anterior circulation in 95.0% of the cases, with 5.0% occurred in posterior circulation. Ruptured aneurysm most commonly occurred at posterior communicating artery (34.9%) and anterior communicating artery (29.5%). 183 cases (14.6%) had multiple aneurysms. Conclusions: With younger patients, there is a male predominance in our series. Ninety percent of patients have ruptured aneurysms less than 10 mm in size. Citation: Zhao L, Zhang L, Zhang X, Li Z, Tian L, et al. (2014) An Analysis of 1256 Cases of Sporadic Ruptured Cerebral Aneurysm in a Single Chinese Institution. PLoS ONE 9(1): e85668. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0085668 Editor: Jeroen Hendrikse, University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Netherlands Received May 23, 2013; Accepted November 30, 2013; Published January 15, 2014 Copyright: 2014 Zhao et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Funding: The authors have no support or funding to report. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. * E-mail: lihongzhang.med@gmail.com (LZ); yixiang_wang@cuhk.edu. hk (YXJW)
GENETIC TRANSFORMATION OF EGYPTIAN WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) WITH CHITINASE GENE VIA MICROPROJECTILE BOMBARDMENT

Plant diseases are caused by a variety of plant pathogens including fungi, and their management requires the use of techniques like transgenic technology and genetics. The chitinase gene, known to have a vital role in fungal disease defense, was introduced into the Egyptian wheat cv. Giza 164 via biolistic bombardment. Immature embryo derived calli were sub-cultured on CIMB medium containing bialaphos. After six weeks, the survived embryogenic calli were placed on MSRB regeneration selection medium. Finally, the green regenerated shoots produced were then transferred onto FMSB rooting selection medium. After the two weeks, healthy rooted plantlets were established under the rooting selection medium, and were then transferred into soil pots, then incubated in control growth chamber for acclimatization and subsequently trans-ferred to greenhouse until seed setting. In-tegration of the transgene with a transfor-mation frequency of 1.8% was confirmed by PCR and dot-blot analyses.
European Thyroid Association Guidelines for Cervical Ultrasound Scan and Ultrasound-Guided Techniques in the Postoperative Management of Patients with Thyroid Cancer

Cervical ultrasound scanning (US) is considered a key examination, by all major thyroid and endocrine specialist societies for the postoperative follow-up of thyroid cancer patients to assess the risk of recurrence. Neck US imaging is readily available, non-invasive, relatively easy to perform, cost-effective, and can guide diagnostic and therapeutic procedures with low complication rates. Its main shortcoming is its operator-dependency. Because of the pivotal role of US in the care of thyroid cancer patients, the European Thyroid Association convened a panel of international experts to review technical aspects, indications, results, and limitations of cervical US in the initial staging and follow-up of thyroid cancer patients. The main aim is to establish guidelines for both a cervical US scanning protocol and US-guided diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in patients with thyroid cancer. Received: April 11, 2013 Accepted after revision: July 18, 2013 Published online: September 5, 2013 Prof. Laurence Leenhardt Department of Nuclear Medicine, Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital 83, Bd de l’Hôpital FR–75651 Paris Cedex 13 (France) E-Mail laurence.leenhardt @ psl.aphp. fr © 2013 European Thyroid Association Published by S. Karger AG, Basel 2235–0640/13/0023–0147$38.00/0
Ab initio study regarding the evaluation of the antioxidant character of cyanidin, delphinidin and malvidin

A theoretical study regarding the evaluation of the antioxidant character of three of the most wide-spread anthocyanidins (cyanidin, delphinidin and malvidin) was carried out at ab initio level. Different parameters (bond dissociation enthalpy, ionization potential, proton affinity, and electron transfer enthalpy) were computed for each OH group of the compounds in order to predict their antioxidant capacity. Several molecular descriptors based on frontier molecular orbital theory (hardness, electrophilicity, frontier charge density) were also calculated, as well as the atomic charges corresponding to the O atoms of the hydroxyl groups.
Soil Fertility, Mineral Nitrogen, and Microbial Biomass in Upland Soils of the Central Amazon under Different Plant Covers

Amazon is the largest state in Brazil and majority of the state is covered by the largest tropical rainforest of the world. Most soils of the Amazon region soils are acidic and infertile. When the Amazon forest land is cleared for agricultural use by burning the vegetation, the efficient nutrient recycling mechanisms are disrupted. However, nutrient contents in the deforested burn land increased temporarily. The objective of this study was to evaluate the soil fertility, mineral nitrogen (N), and microbial activity of carbon (C), N, and phosphorus (P) resulting from the replacement of the primary forest with pasture (Brachiaria brizantha) and commercial plantations of rubber (Hevea spp.), cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), and citrus trees (Citrus sinensis) cultivated in Xanthic Ferralsol and secondary forest under Acrisols Dystric Nitosols. The results showed that ammonium-N predominates in the 0- to 10-cm soil depth in both primary forest and areas with secondary forest, citrus plantation, and pasture. There was no increase in soil fertility with management of the cultivated areas under the secondary forest, but in the pasture there was a significant increase in the stock of organic C and total N and high C/N ratios, the inverse of what occurred with the C of the microbial biomass. The primary forest had the greatest values of C and P of the microbial biomass and the lowest metabolic quotient. Of the successions studied, the rubber trees were the plant cover with the smallest changes in terms of quality of the organic matter in the soil.
Getting physical with the market: a study of metaphors in the business times

This study investigates the metaphorical linguistic manifestations of the conceptual metaphor, market movements are physical movements, using Charteris-Black and Ennis’s (2001) notion of conceptual metaphors. Following a corpus linguistic approach for data collection purposes, it analysed 50 unique Business Times articles randomly identified from a total of 292 articles. An expert within the business context provided expertise in the interpretation of specific types of data derived from the corpus. The findings show that the metaphorical linguistic expressions generally concretise the abstract concept of the economy and market movements and mainly comprise of verbs and nouns. This paper illustrates some of the examples of the relevant metaphorical expressions and discusses how the domain of physical movements helps to structure the domain of market movements. The findings of this study, however, can only be generalised to the samples involved in this study.
Development of long-term and reliable in vitro plant regeneration systems for elite malting barley varieties: Optimizing media formulation and explant selection

The response to in vitro tissue culture of five important Mexican malting barley cultivars namely ‘Armida’, ‘Esmeralda’, ‘Adabella’, ‘Esperanza’ and ‘Alina’, was evaluated. Callus induction and plant regeneration were evaluated in shoot apices and immature barley embryos harvested eight, 12, 16, 20 and 24 days after pollination. These explants were cultured on 22 media formulations that included Murashige and Skoog (MS) and Chu (N6) media amended with two carbon sources and different concentrations of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (Dicamba), 6-benzyladenine (BA), casein hydrolyzate and L-proline. No regenerable callus lines could be recovered from the experiments using shoot apices as the starting material. Conversely, immature embryos harvested at 12 to 16 days after pollination (1.0 to 1.5 mm long) and cultured on formulations containing the basal MS medium supplemented with 2 mg L -1 of 2,4-D or Dicamba resulted in the production of nodular and friable embryogenic calli with regenerative capacity in all barley cultivars. A medium containing MS, Dicamba and maltose generated the highest percentage of embryogenic calli formation (2.1 in ‘Adabella’ vs. 23.4 in ‘Alina’ cultivar) with the maximal regenerative potential (7.2 in ‘Armida’ vs. 9.1 recovered plants per gram FW callus in ‘Esperanza’ cultivar). Using this medium, ‘Esmeralda’ embryogenic callus lines have been maintained for more than five years without loss of regenerability or the capacity for producing normal plants. Key words: Barley, somatic embryogenesis, plant regeneration, immature embryos.
Antimicrobial Screening of Various Fruit Seed Extracts

Abstract The present study focused to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal activity of various fruit seeds extracts against certain bacterial and fungal stains, using cup plate diffusion method. Around 24 seeds were selected for the study and extracted using suitable solvent system. The ethanolic extracts were subjected to assess the antimicrobial activity. The results suggest that the ethanolic extracts of Banana, pineapple and musambi showed no significant activity against bacterial and fungal strains. Jackfruit and papaya extracts shown similar activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains but papaya shown better antifungal activity. Potential antibacterial activity was observed for tamarind and guava extracts, tamarind also exhibits better antifungal activity. Among all the extracts plum seed extract shown potential broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. The study can be concluded that fruit seed extracts may find better application in cosmeceutical preparation especially in body deodorant sprays.
Origins and Implications of a Primary Crown-of-Thorns Starfish Outbreak in the Southern Great Barrier Reef

The crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS) is a major predator of hard corals. Repeated COTS outbreaks in the Cairns and Central sections of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) have been responsible for greater declines in coral cover than any other type of disturbance, including cyclones, disease, and coral bleaching. Knowledge of the precise timing and location of primary outbreaks could reveal the initial drivers of outbreaks and so could indicate possible management measures. In the central GBR, COTS outbreaks appear to follow major flooding events, but despite many years of observations, no primary outbreak has ever been unequivocally identified in the central and northern GBR. Here we locate a primary outbreak of COTS on the southern GBR which is not correlated with flooding. Instead it appears to have been the result of a combination of life history traits of COTS and prevailing oceanographic conditions. The hydrodynamic setting implies that the outbreak could disperse larvae to other reefs in the region.
Cytotoxic Drug Conjugate − Trastuzumab-DM 1 , an Antibody Targeting HER 2-Positive Breast Cancer with Updated

HER2 is a validated target in breast cancer therapy. Two drugs are currently approved for HER2-positive breast cancer: trastuzumab (Herceptin), introduced in 1998, and lapatinib (Tykerb), in 2007. Despite these advances, some patients progress through therapy and succumb to their disease. A variation on antibody-targeted therapy is utilization of antibodies to deliver cytotoxic agents specifically to antigenexpressing tumors. We determined in vitro and in vivo efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of trastuzumab-maytansinoid (microtubule-depolymerizing agents) conjugates using disulfide and thioether linkers. Antiproliferative effects of trastuzumab-maytansinoid conjugates were evaluated on cultured normal and tumor cells. In vivo activity was determined in mouse breast cancer models, and toxicity was assessed in rats as measured by body weight loss. Surprisingly, trastuzumab linked to DM1 through a nonreducible thioether linkage (SMCC), displayed superior activity compared with unconjugated trastuzumab or trastuzumab linked to other maytansinoids through disulfide linkers. Serum concentrations of trastuzumab-MCC-DM1 remained elevated compared with other conjugates, and toxicity in rats was negligible compared with free DM1 or trastuzumab linked to DM1 through a reducible linker. Potent activity was observed on all HER2overexpressing tumor cells, whereas nontransformed cells and tumor cell lines with normal HER2 expression were unaffected. In addition, trastuzumab-DM1 was active on HER2overexpressing, trastuzumab-refractory tumors. In summary, trastuzumab-DM1 shows greater activity compared with nonconjugated trastuzumab while maintaining selectivity for HER2-overexpressing tumor cells. Because trastuzumab linked to DM1 through a nonreducible linker offers improved efficacy and pharmacokinetics and reduced toxicity over the reducible disulfide linkers evaluated, trastuzumab-MCC-DM1 was selected for clinical development. [Cancer Res 2008;68(22):9280–90]
Regional and Sub-Global Climate Blocs. A Game-Theoretic Perspective on Bottom-Up Climate Regimes

No international regime on climate change is going to be fully effective in controlling GHG emissions without the involvement of countries such as China, India, the United States, Australia, and possibly other developing countries. This highlights an unambiguous weakness of the Kyoto Protocol, where the aforementioned countries either have no binding emission targets or have decided not to comply with their targets. Therefore, when discussing possible post-Kyoto scenarios, it is crucial to prioritise participation incentives for all countries, especially those without explicit or with insufficient abatement targets. This paper offers a bottom-up game-theoretic perspective on participation incentives. Rather than focusing on issue linkage, transfers or burden sharing as tools to enhance the incentives to participate in a climate agreement, this paper aims at exploring whether a different policy approach could lead more countries to adopt effective climate control policies. This policy approach is explicitly bottom-up, namely it gives each country the freedom to sign agreements and deals, bilaterally or multilaterally, with other countries, without being constrained by any global protocol or convention. This study provides a game-theoretic assessment of this policy approach and then evaluates empirically the possible endogenous emergence of single or multiple climate coalitions. Welfare and technological consequences of different multiple bloc climate regimes will be assessed and their overall environmental effectiveness will be discussed.