Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Retention-Aware DRAM Auto-Refresh Scheme for Energy and Performance Efficiency

Dynamic random access memory (DRAM) circuits require periodic refresh operations to prevent data loss. As DRAM density increases, DRAM refresh overhead is even worse due to the increase of the refresh cycle time. However, because of few the cells in memory that have lower retention time, DRAM has to raise the refresh frequency to keep the data integrity, and hence produce unnecessary refreshes for the other normal cells, which results in a large refresh energy and performance delay of memory access. In this paper, we propose an integration scheme for DRAM refresh based on the retention-aware auto-refresh (RAAR) method and 2x granularity auto-refresh simultaneously. We also explain the corresponding modification need on memory controllers to support the proposed integration refresh scheme. With the given profile of weak cells distribution in memory banks, our integration scheme can choose the most appropriate refresh technique in each refresh time. Experimental results on different refresh cycle times show that the retention-aware refresh scheme can properly improve the system performance and have a great reduction in refresh energy. Especially when the number of weak cells increased due to the thermal effect of 3D-stacked architecture, our methodology still keeps the same performance and energy efficiency.
Effects of Shared Decision Making on Opioid Prescribing After Hysterectomy.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of shared decision making using a simple decision aid for opioid prescribing after hysterectomy. METHODS We conducted a prospective quality initiative study including all patients undergoing hysterectomy for benign, nonobstetric indications between March 1, 2018, and July 31, 2018, at our academic institution. Using a visual decision aid, patients received uniform education regarding postoperative pain management. They were then educated on the department's guidelines regarding the maximum number of tablets recommended per prescription and the mean number of opioid tablets used by a similar cohort of patients in a previously published study at our institution. Patients were then asked to choose their desired number of tablets to receive on discharge. Structured telephone interviews were conducted 14 days after surgery. The primary outcome was total opioids prescribed before compared with after implementation of the decision aid. Secondary outcomes included opioid consumption, patient satisfaction, and refill requests after intervention implementation. RESULTS Of 170 eligible patients, 159 (93.5%) used the decision aid (one patient who used the decision aid was subsequently excluded from the analysis owing to significant perioperative complications), including 110 (69.6%) laparoscopic, 40 (25.3%) vaginal, and eight (5.3%) abdominal hysterectomies. Telephone surveys were completed for 89.2% (n=141) of participants. Student's t-test showed that patients who participated in the decision aid (post-decision aid cohort) were discharged with significantly fewer oral morphine equivalents than patients who underwent hysterectomy before implementation of the decision aid (pre-decision aid cohort) (92±35 vs 160±81, P<.01), with no significant change in the number of requested refills (9.5% [n=15] vs 5.7% [n=14], P=.15). In the post-decision aid cohort, 76.6% of patients (n=121) chose fewer tablets than the guideline-allotted maximum. Approximately 76% of patients (n=102) reported having leftover tablets. CONCLUSION This quality improvement initiative illustrates that a simple decision aid can result in a significant decrease in opioid prescribing without compromising patient satisfaction or postoperative pain management.
Coupled sensory interneurons mediate escape neural circuit processing in an aquatic annelid worm, Lumbriculus variegatus

The interneurons associated with rapid escape circuits are adapted for fast pathway activation and rapid conduction. An essential aspect of fast activation is the processing of sensory information with limited delays. Although aquatic annelid worms have some of the fastest escape responses in nature, the sensory networks that mediate their escape behavior are not well defined. Here, we demonstrate that the escape circuit of the mud worm, Lumbriculus variegatus, is a segmentally arranged network of sensory interneurons electrically coupled to the central medial giant fiber (MGF), the command‐like interneuron for head withdrawal. Electrical stimulation of the body wall evoked fast, short‐duration spikelets in the MGF, which we suggest are the product of intermediate giant fiber activation coupled to MGF collateral dendrites. Since these contact sites have immunoreactivity with a glutamate receptor antibody, and the glutamate receptor antagonist 6‐cyano‐7‐nitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dion abolishes evoked MGF responses, we conclude that the afferent pathway for MGF‐mediated escape is glutamatergic. This electrically coupled sensory network may facilitate rapid escape activation by enhancing the amplitude of giant axon depolarization.
Retrograde aortic access during ventricular tachycardia ablation: Indications, techniques, and challenges

The retrograde aortic (RA) route is a widely used access route for mapping and ablation of ventricular tachycardias (VT) arising from the left ventricular endocardium. With the expanding role of VT ablation in patients with significant comorbidity, the choice between the RA and transseptal access routes is an increasingly important consideration. An individualized decision based on the location of the arrhythmogenic substrate, vascular anatomy, aortic valve morphology, and operator experience is necessary when deciding on the optimal access route. Among patients with challenging vascular anatomy, growing experience from structural interventions such as transcatheter aortic valve replacements and peripheral vascular interventions has provided valuable insights into techniques for safe retrograde access. The present review focuses on patient selection for RA access, potential complications associated with the technique, and optimal approaches for access in patients with challenging vascular or aortic valve anatomy.
Alter circulating cell‐free DNA variables in plasma of ovarian cancer patients

Liquid biopsy shows great potential in the fields of early diagnosis and prognosis in cancer. Ovarian cancer (OC) is the seventh most common cancer and the eighth most common cause of death from cancer in women. The early diagnosis of OC is vital for subsequent treatment and outcome. Here we investigated two markers: cell‐free DNA concentration (cfDNA conc) and cell‐free DNA integrity (cfDI) between OC patients and healthy controls.
Routing and UAV Autonomy Algorithms

Routing is very fundamental to the implementation of any networking or communications infrastructure. This paper, therefore, examines the conflicts and relevant considerations for implementing autonomous or self-organising unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for communications area coverage, with particular emphasis on the impact of aerial vehicle autonomy algorithms on routing techniques for such networks. UAV networks can be deployed either as ad-hoc or infrastructure-based solutions. The mobility of UAVs introduces periodic topology changes, impacting link availability and routing paths. This work examines the implications of autonomous coordination of multiple UAVs on routing techniques and network architecture stability. The paper proposes a solution where routing techniques and UAV autonomy algorithms are integrated for improved global network efficiency for both ad-hoc and infrastructure-based scenarios. Integrating UAV autonomy algorithms with routing schemes may be an efficient method to mitigate link/topology stability issues and improve inter-UAV communication and network throughput, a key requirement for UAV networks. The implementation of inter-UAV links using optical, microwave or mmWave transmission is examined in the context of this work. The proposed integration may be crucial for communications coverage, where UAVs provide communications area coverage of a community of mobile or fixed users in either ad-hoc or infrastructure-based modes.
Seven-day ischaemic preconditioning improves muscle efficiency during cycling

ABSTRACT Ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) has emerged as a potential non-invasive ergogenic aid to enhance exercise performance. Repeated application of IPC has demonstrated clinical efficacy, therefore our aims were to investigate its effect on endurance cycling performance and muscle efficiency. Twenty participants undertook 7-d repeated bilateral lower limb occlusion (4 x 5-min) of IPC (220 mmHg) or sham (20 mmHg). Prior to and 72-h following the intervention, participants performed submaximal cycling at 70, 80 and 90% of ventilatory threshold (VT) followed by an incremental exercise test. IPC had no effect on O2max (P = 0.110); however, time to exhaustion increased by ~ 9% and Wmax by ~ 5 % (IPC pre 307 ± 45 to post 323 ± 51 W) relative to sham (P = 0.002). There were no changes in gross efficiency (GE) (P > 0.05); however, delta efficiency (DE) increased by 3.1% following IPC (P = 0.011). Deoxyhaemoglobin (HHb) was reduced following IPC ~ 30% (P = 0.017) with no change in total haemoglobin (tHb). Repeated IPC over 7-d enhanced muscle efficiency and extended cycling performance. The physiological effects of repeated IPC on skeletal muscle efficiency explains the notable improvements in endurance performance.
Web-Based Decision Support System for Solving Multiple-Objective Decision-Making Problems

A web-based Decision Support System WebOptim for solving multiple objective optimization problems is presented. The system WebOptim is designed in a modular principle, extensively using XML as communication standard and web services. Its basic characteristics are: user-independent, multisolver-admissibility, method-independent, heterogeneity, web-accessibility. Core system module is an original generalized interactive scalarizing method. It incorporates a number of thirteen interactive methods. Most of the known scalarizing approaches (reference point approach, reference direction approach, classification approach etc.) are realized in this method. The Decision Maker (DM) can choose the most suitable for him/her form for setting his/her preferences: objective weights, aspiration levels, aspiration directions, aspiration intervals. This information could be changed interactively by the DM during the solution process. Depending on the DM's preferences form the suitable scalarizing method is chosen automatically. The chapter begins with an overview of Decision Support Systems (DSS). Examples of DSSs and their applications are discussed.
In vitro metabolism of olaparib in liver microsomes by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization high resolution mass spectrometry.

RATIONALES Olaparib is a Poly (ADP-ribose) Polimerase (PARP) inhibitor, which has been developed as an anti-cancer agent. The purpose of this study was to characterize the metabolites of olaparib from liver microsomes and to reveal the interspecies difference between animals and humans. METHODS Olaparib (20 μM)) was incubated with different species of liver microsomes at 37 o C for 1 h in the presence of NADPH. The incubation samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-HR-MS) operated in positive ion mode. The metabolites were characterized by accurate masses, MS2 spectra and retention times. RESULTS A total of 12 metabolites were detected and the structures of the metabolites were characterized based on their accurate masses, fragment ions and retention times. Four metabolites, i.e., M1, M10, M11 and M12 were unambiguously identified by using reference standards. The metabolic pathways of olaparib included hydroxylation, bis-hydroxylation, hydrolysis, dealkylation, dehydrogenation, and alcohol oxidation. CONCLUSIONS Compared with animal species, no human-specific metabolite was found in HLM. And dog had closer metabolic profile to humans. This study would be helpful for us to understand the species difference in pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics. KEWORDS: olaparib, metabolite characterization, liver microsomes, interspecies comparison.
Analogue Wireless Beamforming Exploiting the Fiber-Nonlinearity of Radio Over Fiber-Based C-RANs

As a key technique of supporting the fixed backbone network, radio over fiber (RoF) systems transmit the radio frequency signals over optical fiber in order to take advantage of their large available bandwidth. In this context, optical fiber aided phased antenna array (PAA) based beamforming techniques have attracted substantial research interest with the goal of improving the cell-edge coverage of cellular base stations. In this paper, we conceive a novel optical fiber aided beamforming technique based on the fiber's nonlinearity to be applied in cloud radio access network (C-RAN). In our proposed technique, the PAA elements are fed by the phase-shifted signals introduced by our highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) aided phase-shifting solution, which results in an angular beamsteering range of around 90$^{\circ }$. This can be exploited by sectorization in cellular networks to reduce the cochannel interference imposed. Furthermore, we exploit the proposed RoF-aided phase shifting technique in C-RAN, where our proposed system takes advantage of the centralized signal processing capability of the RoF system to conceive an all-optical processing based tunable beamforming system. While our flexible HNLF-aided phase-shifting process is confined to the central office of the C-RAN, the end users in the C-RAN cellular networks are capable of flexibly choosing the serving remote radio heads and employing diverse wireless transmission techniques. Through integrating our HNLF-aided phase-shifting design into the proposed C-RAN, we impose as little as 0.1 dB signal-to-noise ratio degradation compared to its traditional electronic counterpart, which requires extra phase-shifters.
Rituximab biosimilar CT-P10 for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

ABSTRACT Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by long-standing inflammation in multiple joints. Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody, which binds to CD20, is effective in suppressing disease activity and preventing joint damage in RA. CT-P10 was developed as a biosimilar of rituximab and approved for use to treat hematologic malignancies and immune diseases including RA. Area covered: This article describes the need for this biosimilar and summarizes the non-clinical studies verifying the physicochemical and biologic similarities and the clinical studies confirming the clinical similarity of CT-P10 to rituximab in patients with RA. Expert opinion: CT-P10 had been evaluated and proven the efficacy and safety in RA in Phase I and III randomized controlled trial with extension studies including a switching regimen. Therefore, CT-P10 is recommended in the treatment of RA.
Anesthetic Considerations for Pediatric Patients With Fontan Physiology Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery

An increasing number of pediatric patients with Fontan physiology are presenting for noncardiac operative procedures in the United States each year. It is prudent that pediatric anesthesiologists develop a firm understanding of Fontan physiology for optimal perioperative management of this unique population in the noncardiac surgical arena. The Fontan procedure was initially described in 1971 in patients with tricuspid atresia. This procedure provided a series circulation, with the single ventricle serving as the systemic ventricle and pulmonary blood flow driven directly by central venous pressure (CVP) from the vena cava to the pulmonary arteries. In more recent years, the Fontan procedure has become the final step on the staged palliation pathway for a wide variety of congenital heart disease patients with single-ventricle physiology. The survival rate after the Fontan procedure is currently estimated at between 91% and 93% at 10 years and 84% at 20 years. With improvements in surgical technique and medical management, patients with Fontan physiology are living longer, healthier lives, and as a result, patients with Fontan palliation are presenting more frequently for noncardiac surgery. Procedures commonly performed in patients with Fontan physiology include Nissen fundoplication, gastrostomy tube
The Role of PARPs in Inflammation—And Metabolic—Related Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms and Beyond

Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) is an essential post-translational modification catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzymes. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is a well-characterized member of the PARP family. PARP1 plays a crucial role in multiple biological processes and PARP1 activation contributes to the development of various inflammatory and malignant disorders, including lung inflammatory disorders, cardiovascular disease, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, and diabetes. In this review, we will focus on the role and molecular mechanisms of PARPs enzymes in inflammation- and metabolic-related diseases. Specifically, we discuss the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that PARP1 is associated with in the regulation of pathogenesis. Recently, increasing evidence suggests that PARP inhibition is a promising strategy for intervention of some diseases. Thus, our in-depth understanding of the mechanism of how PARPs are activated and how their signaling downstream effecters can provide more potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of the related diseases in the future is crucial.
Recovery Process After Anterior Cervical Decompression in Patients With Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy With Different Natural History

Study Design: An observational prospective cohort study. Objective: To investigate the influence of natural history on the recovery of patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) after anterior cervical decompression. Summary of Background Data: The natural history of CSM has not been clearly elucidated, it remains unclear whether the natural history of CSM is associated with the recovery process after surgical treatment. Materials and Methods: Patients with CSM (n=117) after anterior cervical decompression were stratified variously on the basis of natural history features. Baseline and postoperative neurological functions were rated using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) and patient-based self-evaluation (PBSE) scores. The minimum and maximum recovery times for sensory function, and motor functions of the upper and lower extremities were analyzed separately at time points 1–60 months after surgery. Results: In all patients, the postoperative JOA and PBSE scores were significantly improved relative to baseline, in which sensory function recovered most quickly, followed by upper-extremity and lower-extremity motor functions. However, when compared with patients whose first symptom onset at the lower extremity, patients with the first onset at the upper extremity required less time to recover lower-extremity motor function, but more time to recover upper-extremity motor function. Patients with rapid progression had significantly lower preoperative and final JOA and PBSE scores compared with patients whose progression was steady or stepwise. Patients with preoperative symptoms ≥1 year had longer recovery time and poorer functional outcomes compared with those symptoms <1 year. Conclusions: In patients with CSM, the location of first symptom onset, progressive velocity of symptom, and duration of preoperative symptoms significantly influenced the recovery process after anterior cervical decompression. Level of Evidence: Level 2—observational prospective study.
Metabolic engineering of a robust Escherichia coli strain with a dual protection system

Considerable attention has been given to the development of robust fermentation processes, but microbial contamination and phage infection remain deadly threats that need to be addressed. In this study, a robust Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) strain was successfully constructed by simultaneously introducing a nitrogen and phosphorus (N&P) system in combination with a CRISPR/Cas9 system. The N&P metabolic pathways were able to express formamidase and phosphite dehydrogenase in the host cell, thus enabled cell growth in auxotrophic 3‐(N‐morpholino)propanesulfonic acid medium with formamide and phosphite as nitrogen and phosphorus sources, respectively. N&P metabolic pathways also allowed efficient expression of heterologous proteins, such as green fluorescent protein (GFP) and chitinase, while contaminating bacteria or yeast species could hardly survive in this medium. The host strain was further engineered by exploiting the CRISPR/Cas9 system to enhance the resistance against phage attack. The resultant strain was able to grow in the presence of T7 phage at a concentration of up to 2 × 107 plaque‐forming units/ml and produce GFP with a yield of up to 30 μg/109 colony‐forming units, exhibiting significant advantages over conventional engineered E. coli. This newly engineered, robust E. coli BL21(DE3) strain therefore shows great potential for future applications in industrial fermentation.
Tailoring IGZO Composition for Enhanced Fully Solution-Based Thin Film Transistors

Solution-processed metal oxides have been investigated as an alternative to vacuum-based oxides to implement low-cost, high-performance electronic devices on flexible transparent substrates. However, their electrical properties need to be enhanced to apply at industrial scale. Amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide (a-IGZO) is the most-used transparent semiconductor metal oxide as an active channel layer in thin-film transistors (TFTs), due to its superior electrical properties. The present work evaluates the influence of composition, thickness and ageing on the electrical properties of solution a-IGZO TFTs, using solution combustion synthesis method, with urea as fuel. After optimizing the semiconductor properties, low-voltage TFTs were obtained by implementing a back-surface passivated 3-layer In:Ga:Zn 3:1:1 with a solution-processed high-к dielectric; AlOx. The devices show saturation mobility of 3.2 cm2 V−1 s−1, IOn/IOff of 106, SS of 73 mV dec−1 and VOn of 0.18 V, thus demonstrating promising features for low-cost circuit applications.