Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Taxonomic relationships of selected Bulgarian species from Rumex subg. Rumex (Polygonaceae) based on ISSR markers

Th e high level of morphological similarities among the Bulgarian species of Rumex subg. Rumex makes their distinguishing difficult. ISSRs methods have proven that they ensure detection of intraspecific variation without any need of prior information about the existing sequences. Therefore, they were used in the present study. Twelve accessions of R. patientia, R. cristatus, R. confertus, and R. alpinus were sampled in this study, with R. pulcher (five accessions) as a referent species. ISSR-PCR reactions of 10 primers were used for the distinction of the four studied species and the assessment of their genetic diversity. The ISSR markers exhibited significant polymorphism in the studied taxa. The genetic similarity among them served for the construction of a dendrogram. The combination of the results from the used primers classifies the studied species into two major groups: Group 1 with R. patinetia, R. cristatus and R. confertus is genetically similar and of similar ploidy level; Group 2 includes the diploid R. alpinus and the referent species R. pulcher. The achieved high percentage of accuracy has shown how promising the application of this approach is for other Rumex species.
On the Optimal Design of Risk Retention in Securitisation

This paper examines the optimal design of retention in securitisation, in order to maximize welfare of screening per unit of retention, assuming that screening is costly and that the bank intends to securitise its loans. In contrast to the focus of previous literature on tranche retention, we abstract from the constitutional mechanisms of tranche retention to present a pareto-optimal method of tranche retention. Unlike the current ad-hoc regulations, we derive the optimal design of retention from a utility maximisation problem. We show that the level of retention per tranche should be dependent on the rate of credit default, i.e. the higher the rate of default, the higher the optimal rate of retention required to provide an incentive to screen carefully. From this approach, it follows that the rate of retention per tranche should be higher, the higher the position within the ranking order of subordination. Accordingly, the efficiency of tranche retention can be enhanced, reducing the level of retention required to maintain a given level of screening-effort. This retention design entails a recovery of the bank’s equity capital, thereby increasing the bank’s credit availability.
FROZEN-THAWED SPERMATOZOAINTO X-CHROMOSOME BEARING AND Y-CHROMOSOME BEARNG POPULATIONS

32,350 A 5/1861 Bhattacharya 34,782 A 3, 1862 Dandliker et al. 3,005,756 A 10, 1961 VanDemarket al. 3,299,354 A 1/1967 Hogg 3,499.435 A 3, 1970 Rockwell et al. 3,547,526 A 12/1970 Devereux 3,644,128 A 2, 1972 Lipner 3,661.460 A 5/1972 Elking et al. 3,687,806 A 8, 1972 Van den Bovenkamp 3,710,933 A 1/1973 Fulwyler et al. 3,738,759 A 6, 1973 Dittrich et al. 3,756.459 A 9, 1973 Bannister 3,761,187 A 9, 1973 Dittrich et al. 3,761,941 A 9, 1973 Robertson 3,788,744 A 1/1974 Friedman et al. 3,791,384 A 2f1974 Richter et al. 3,791,517 A 2f1974 Friedman 3,810,010 A 5, 1974 Thorn 3,816,249 A 6/1974 Bhattacharya 3,826,364. A 7, 1974 Bonner et al. 3,829,216 A 8/1974 Persidsky 3,833,796 A 9, 1974 Fetner et al. 3,877,430 A 4, 1975 Wieder 3,893,766 A 7/1975 Hogg 3,894,529 A 7/1975 Shrimpton 3,906,929 A 9/1975 Augspurger 3,909,744 A 9, 1975 Wisner et al. 3,944.917 A 3/1976 Hogg et al. 3,947,093 A 3, 1976 Goshima et al. 3,960,449 A 6, 1976 Carleton et al. 3,963,606 A 6/1976 Hogg 3,973,003 A 8, 1976 Colas 3,973,196 A 8/1976 Hogg RE29,141 E 2/1977 Hogg 4,006,360 A 2, 1977 Mueller 4,007,087 A 2f1977 Ericsson 4,009,260 A 2f1977 Ericsson 4,014,611 A 3/1977 Simpson et al. 4,056,324 A 11, 1977 Gohde 4,058,732 A 11, 1977 Wieder 4,067,965 A 1/1978 Bhattacharya 4,070,617 A 1/1978 Kachel et al. 4,083,957 A 4/1978 Lang A 4,085,205 4, 1978 Hancock
Ultrawideband Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna for Road Surface Scanner Based on Inverse Scattering

High quality inverse scattering based scanner for pavement nondestructive testing needs a high performance antenna with certain characteristics. This paper considers an UWB antipodal Vivaldi antenna for this application. Simulation results for the targeted frequency range obtained through the use of Sonnet modeling software show that this antenna is characterized by a good match over the broad frequency range as well as a frequency dependent gain. The antenna performance has also been analyzed in the near field by considering tangential electric fields in the close proximity of the radiating structure. The antenna described in this paper is a part of a larger research project with a goal to develop a scanning device based on inverse scattering methods and used for accurate, non-destructive, and inexpensive characterization of road pavements. The system will use a state-of-the-art, fast and accurate numerical solver for 3D inverse scattering problems in stratified media. The solver will utilize as input the measurement data provided by the antenna scanner to reconstruct several properties of the paved structure under test. The pavement under test will be illuminated by a number of transmitting antennas, and the scattered field collected by receiving antennas in the measurement plane. The scanning system will measure the amplitude and phase of the scattered electric and magnetic field vectors at the receiving antennas, at a set of discrete frequencies in the microwave range. Both monostatic and bistatic measurement configurations will be considered (1).
Peach Improvement on Profinet-DCP for Industrial Control System Vulnerability Detection

With the development of ICS, PLC and SCADA systems are interconnected with Ethernet and directly connected to internet, which greatly improve the efficiency of data sharing and introduced in security threats at the same time. Once crack fault occurrence of critical infrastructure will result in casualties and great economic loss. Peach Fuzzer is an advanced and extensible fuzzing platform and is restricted to those with TCP/UDP-based protocols on Windows Platform, the PN-DCP would not be supported without publisher to send PDU correctly. So it is urgent to develop an additional publisher for PN-DCP. In this paper, we propose a novel Peach improvement on Profinet-DCP for industrial control system vulnerability detection. We analyze the importance of vulnerability detecting for PN-DCP with Peach Fuzzer. Then, introducing the Peach Framework, the hierarchy of Profinet-DCP and the PitFile of Profinet-DCP. We also evaluate our approach through experiments, the results can fully satisfy the requirement of vulnerability detecting of PN-DCP on Peach platform.
IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON FIRST GENERATION BIOFUELS PRODUCTION IN THE 21 ST CENTURY

This study assessed the potential (near, medium, and long term) impacts of climate change on first generation corn bioethanol and soybean biodiesel production in Gainesville, Florida, USA. The Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer-Cropping System Model (DSSAT-CSM) was used to simulate biomass and grain yield under climate change scenarios in the 21 century with direct effect of CO2. Weather projection was made for each scenario using the 10 year weather data for the baseline period (1981–1990). Precipitation is projected to increase by +20, +10, -10, and -20% every month throughout the growing season. Daily minimum and maximum air temperatures are projected to increase by +1.5, +3, and +5C. Atmospheric CO2 is projected to increase by +70 and +350ppm. Simulated yields (grains/seeds and by-products) were then used as inputs into the LCA models. Results show that while bioethanol from corn and biodiesel from soybean offers some potential for GHG emissions savings per cultivated ha of set-aside land, this is tempered by rising air temperature. However, increased atmospheric levels of CO2 relative to current condition would reduce the severe impact of warming. Only soybean biodiesel will be positively affected by climate changes.
Solid State and Solution Study on the Formation of Inorganic Anion Complexes with a Series of Tetrazine-Based Ligands

Four molecules (L1–L4) constituted by an s-tetrazine ring appended with two identical aliphatic chains of increasing length bearing terminal morpholine groups were studied as anion receptors in water. The basicity properties of these molecules were also investigated. Speciation of the anion complexes formed in solution and determination of their stability constants were performed by means of potentiometric (pH-metric) titrations, while further information was obtained by NMR and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) measurements. The crystal structures of two neutral ligands (L3, L4) and of their H2L3(ClO4)2∙2H2O, H2L4(ClO4)2∙2H2O, H2L3(PF6)2, and H2L3(PF6)2∙2H2O anion complexes were determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The formation of anion–π interactions is the leitmotiv of these complexes, both in solution and in the solid state, although hydrogen bonding and/or formation of salt-bridges can contribute to their stability. Evidence of the ability of these ligands to form anion–π interactions is given by the observation that even the neutral (not-protonated) molecules bind anions in water to form complexes of significant stability, including elusive OH− anions.
Expert vs. public perception of population health risks in Canada

In the field of risk analysis, there is ongoing tension between expert risk assessment and public risk perception. This paper presents the results of a health risk perception survey administered to Canadian health experts as a follow-up to a previous survey. A total of 125 experts (75 physicians and 50 toxicologists) recruited through professional organizations completed a self-administered questionnaire in 2004. Experts were asked to provide ratings of perceived risk of 30 health hazards as well as detailed ratings of five health hazards (motor vehicles, climate change, recreational physical activity, cellular phones, and terrorism) and five health outcomes (cancer, long-term disabilities, asthma, heart disease, and depression) in terms of perceived health risk, personal control, knowledge, uncertainty, worry, and acceptability. Sources of information on health risks, confidence in those information sources, as well as health risk beliefs were also examined. Experts perceived behavioral health hazards, such as cigarette smoking, obesity, and physical inactivity, posed the greatest health risk, and medical technologies, including vaccines, medical X-rays, and laser eye surgery, posed the least risk. Experts reported receiving ‘a lot’ of information from university scientists/scientific journals and medical doctors and reported having ‘a lot’ of confidence in those sources. High levels of environmental and social concern were observed, as well as a high degree of personal agency over health risks. Health risk perceptions varied by professional affiliation but not gender. Results are compared to a recent public risk perception survey in Canada. Differences between public and expert risk perceptions may hold instructive pointers for risk management and risk communication strategies designed to improve population health.
Agent-based simulation of power exchange with heterogeneous production companies

Since early nineties, worldwide production and distribution of electricity has been characterized by a progressive liberalization. The state-owned monopolistic production of electricity has been substituted by organized power exchanges (PEs). PEs are markets which aggregate the effective supply and demand of electricity. Usually spot-price market are Day Ahead Market (DAM) and are requested in order to provide an indication for the hourly unit commitment. This first session of the complex daily energy market collects and orders all the offers, determining the market price by matching the cumulative demand and supply curves for every hour of the day after according to a merit order rule. Subsequent market sessions (also online) operate in order to guarantee the feasibility and the security of this plan. The electric market is usually characterized by a reduced number of competitors, thus oligopolistic scenario may arise. Understanding how electricity prices depend on oligopolistic behavior of suppliers and on production costs has become a very important issue. Several restructuring designs for the electric power industry have been proposed. Main goal is to increase the overall market efficiency, trying to study, to develop and to apply different market mechanisms. Auction design is the standard domain for commodity markets. However, properties of different auction mechanism must be studied and determined correctly before their appliance. Generally speaking, different approaches have been proposed in the literature. Game theory analysis has provided an extremely useful methodology to study and derive properties of economic "games", such as auctions. Within this context, an interesting computational approach, for studying market inefficiencies, is the theory of learning in games. This methodology is useful in the context of infinitely repeated games. This paper investigates the nature of the clearing mechanism comparing two different methods, i.e., discriminatory and uniform auctions. The theoretical framework used to perform the analysis is the theory of learning in games. We consider an inelastic demand faced by sellers which use learning algorithms to understand proper strategies for increasing their profits. We model the auction mechanism in two different duopolistic scenario, i.e., a low demand situation, where one seller can clear all the demand, and a high demand condition, where both sellers are requested. Moreover, heterogeneity in the linear cost function is considered. Consistent results are achieved with two different learning algorithms
Microwave-induced elastic deformation of a metallic thin film

The microwave induced elastic deformation of a metallic thin film in a cavity structure is computed using a Maxwell stress tensor method and we found that the microwave can induce a significantly enhanced deformation at the anti-symmetric resonance mode, and the deformation magnitude is a few orders larger than that of the non-resonance case. The previous transmission line approach for the electromagnetic stress (Wang et al 2011 Phys. Rev. B 84 075114) is applied to develop an analytical model of deformation based on elastic theory. We show that the analytical model can reproduce the numerical results almost quantitatively and at the same time reveal the underlying physics.
Optimization of Nano Hydroxyapatite/chitosan Electrophoretic Deposition on 316L Stainless Steel Using Taguchi Design of Experiments

The aim of this work is to determine the optimum parameters for deposition of chitosan and mixture of chitosan and hydroxyapatite (HA) layers using electrophoretic deposition. The layers were on 316L stainless steel substrate. Taguchi approach was utilized to select the optimum parameters for both layers. The parameters used for deposition chitosan are voltage, time and temperature while the parameters used for HA and chitosan are voltage, time, concentration and temperature. Zeta potential tests were employed to measure the solutions stability. Coating layers were characterized for thickness, porosity and nanoroughness using optical microscopy (OM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results from Taguchi design of experiments demonstrated that the best conditions for deposition of chitosan and HA layers are 50 V, 5 min, 3 g HA/L and 30°C. The corresponding thickness, % porosity, nanoroughness and microroughness for optimum conditions were 22 µm, 3.53, 4.48 nm and 3.85 µm respectively.
Comparison of pharmacokinetics of tilmicosin in healthy pigs and pigs experimentally infected with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

ABSTRACT Aim: To compare the pharmacokinetic profiles of tilmicosin, administered orally at a single dose of 20 mg/kg bodyweight, in healthy pigs and in pigs experimentally infected with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Methods: Twelve healthy crossbred pigs, aged approximately 8 weeks, were randomly assigned to uninfected and infected groups, with six pigs per group. Pigs in the infected group were inoculated intranasally with a bacterial suspension of A. pleuropneumoniae containing approximately 108 cfu. Each pig received a single oral dose of 20 mg/kg bodyweight of tilmicosin, given 3–4 hours after inoculation in infected pigs. Blood samples were collected before drug administration and up to 48 hours after tilmicosin administration. Concentrations of tilmicosin in plasma samples were determined by HPLC. Throughout the experimental period pigs were observed for signs of inappetence and clinical abnormalities. After sampling was complete pigs were subject to euthanasia and samples collected for gross and histopathology as well as microbiology. Results: Infected pigs showed signs of bradykinesia, nasal discharge dyspnoea, and coughing 1 hours after inoculation and A. pleuropneumoniae was cultured from the lungs of all infected pigs postmortem. Comparing pharmacokinetic parameters in uninfected and infected pigs, the maximum plasma concentration of tilmicosin was higher in uninfected pigs (1.17 (SD 0.17) vs. 0.96 (SD 0.17) µg/mL), the time to reach maximum concentration was shorter (1.53 (SD 0.23) vs. 2.40 (SD 0.37) hours), and the half-life of the absorption phase and half-life of the elimination phase were both shorter (0.66 (SD 0.08) vs. 1.00 (SD 0.27) hours) and (12.93 (SD 0.96) vs. 16.53 (SD 0.55) hours), respectively. The apparent volume of distribution was smaller in uninfected than infected pigs (1.91 (SD 0.22) vs. 2.16 (SD 0.21) L/kg). The relative bioavailability of tilmicosin in infected relative to uninfected pigs was 108.6 (SD 9.71)%. Conclusions and clinical relevance: The results of this study indicate that A. pleuropneumoniae infection significantly changed certain pharmacokinetic parameters of tilmicosin in pigs. In infected pigs tilmicosin exhibited a longer drug persistence and a better extent of absorption. These results indicate that it is necessary to monitor and adjust the dose of tilmicosin administration during the presence of pleuropneumonia. It is expected that this can optimise clinical efficacy and help avoid the development of resistance.
The effect of refreezing on the isotopic composition of melting snowpack

The isotopic composition of solid and liquid portions of natural melting snowpack is investigated in detail by the separating of liquid water from snow grains at different depths of the snowpack. The slope of the δD–δ18O line for the liquid phase is found to be lower than for the solid phase. This is proved to be due to the isotopic fractionation occurring in the melt–freeze mass exchange within the snowpack. Melting of the snowpack has no clear impact on the δD–δ18O line for the solid phase, but the slope of the δD–δ18O line for the liquid shows an overall slight decrease in the melting period. When the snowpack is refrozen, the refreezing process would inevitably cause the slope of the solid phase to decrease because of the discrepancy between the slopes of the two phases. Thus the slope of the solid would become lower and lower as the diurnal melt–freeze episodes cycle throughout the melting season. This effect is then demonstrated by looking into the isotopic composition changes of glacier firn. The extent of the effect depends on the snowpack properties and environmental conditions. The slope changes also result in a decreasing trend in deuterium excess. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sex ratio and age structure of nomadic Tengmalm's owls: a molecular approach

Sex ratio and age structure of Tengmalm's owls Aegolius funereus crossing the Gulf of Bothnia between Sweden and Finland were investigated by catching owls on the island of Stora Fjaderagg during autumn 1999. Using a molecular sexing technique, we investigated the assertions of previous studies that only adult female and juvenile Tengmalm's owls undertake nomadic movements. Juveniles were generally more frequent than adults, and the sex ratio of juvenile owls was significantly female-biased. However, contrary to expectation, adult males as well as females were caught. Additionally, among juveniles, males migrated earlier than females. Thus we infer that adult males as well as females are nomadic to some extent, and that the difference between the sexes in migratory habits is not as clear as previously thought.
Against the central-marginal model: Three cases in chromosomally polymorphic grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

The central-marginal model is widely accepted in chromosomally polymorphic species of Drosophila. In fact, geographically and ecologically central populations of Drosophila show higher levels of polymorphism for paracentric inversions, whereas marginal populations tend to be monomorphic. This fact has been variously explained. Chromosomal polymorphisms in grasshoppers have also been attributed to show such geographical structuring, as in the case of the South-American grasshopper Dichroplus pratensis Bruner (Orthoptera: Acrididae). However, in three other cases involving Acrididae - Leptysma argentina Bruner, Trimerotropis pallidipennis (Burmeister) and Cornops aquaticum (Bruner), it is clear that chromosomal polymorphisms (sometimes with a wide extension over the Argentine area) do not conform to this pattern, and show instead clear correlations with environmental variables, especially minimum temperature, showing low or null frequencies of the rearrangements at one extreme of the environmental gradient and with high or fixed frequencies at the other. Furthermore, this correlation with temperature might also be true in the case of D. pratensis. These aforementioned examples emphasise the dangers of over-generalization when discussing chromosomal polymorphisms, and suggests that such polymorphisms should be considered very much in a case-specific manner in terms of the particular genetic system under study.
The Co-evolution of Institutional Environments and Organizational Strategies: The Rise of Family Business Groups in the ASEAN Region

In this paper we consider Southeast Asian Family Business Groups (FBGs) as a form of business enterprise as well as existing theoretical accounts of their behaviour. To do so, we develop and describe a co-evolutionary framework that incorporates notions of interdependence, path dependence, and `system openness. ' This co-evolutionary framework is used to anchor a case study describing the developmental paths of FBGs and their institutional environments. Because such neoevolutionary perspectives bring back into account adaptive behavior motivated by human agency and interests, they offer a promising means of capturing the dynamics (Fligstein and Freeland 1995) and complexity (Baum and Singh 1994) of the interaction between institutions and organizations.
Targeting tubulin-colchicine site for cancer therapy: inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates and degraders.

Microtubules are essential for the mitotic division of cells and have been an attractive target for antitumour drugs due to the increased incidence of cancer and significant mitosis rate of tumour cells. In the past few years, tubulin-colchicine binding site, as one of the three binding pockets including taxol-, vinblastine- and colchicine-binding sites, has been focused on to design tubulin-destabilizing agents including inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates and degradation agents. The present review is the first to cover a systemic and recent synopsis of tubulin-colchicine binding site agents. We believe that it would provide an increase in our understanding of receptor-ligand interaction pattern and consciousness of a series of challenges about tubulin target druggability.