Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic traits of fluorescent pseudomonads causing bacterial blotch of Agaricus bisporus mushrooms and other mushroom-derived fluorescent pseudomonads

Fluorescent pseudomonads isolated from diseased Agaricus bisporus mushrooms (bacterial blotch), internal mushroom stipe tissue, and reference cultures were subjected to an array of determinative tests including a recently described white-line reaction. All isolates recovered from fresh, healthy mushroom tissue proved to be in the range of Pseudomonas putida or P. fluorescens types, producing oxidase and arginine dehydrolase with growth at 4 °C, while failing to cause soft rot of potato tissue or to blotch mushroom tissue, produce pigment on King's medium A, or to grow at 41 °C. Significantly, 68 cultures identified as P. fluorescens belonged to biotype G, 35 having a similar nutritional profile, which suggests a unique identity. Six of eight P. tolaasii reference cultures were pathogens but their placement into a defined biotype is speculative. Dissociative tendencies were commonplace with all isolates. The white-line test was employed with P. tolaasii reference cultures. Those which caused blotch had an .
Poster Abstract: Iterative Trajectory Optimization for Dual-UAV Secure Communications

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been widely applied in the field of wireless communication. However, due to the inherent broadcasting characteristics of wireless media, the realization of ground to UAV communication still faces many challenges when there are eavesdroppers on the ground. We consider a new scenario where a jammer UAV tends to interfere with the eavesdroppers to guarantee secrecy performance. Then, the flight trajectory of UAV is optimized to obtain the maximized average secrecy rate. The optimization problem we proposed is non-convex and it's very complicated. To solve this problem, we optimize the increment of UAV trajectory iteration and the non-convex optimization problem is decomposed into the convex problem of each iteration. The feasibility of this method is verified by numerical simulation.
Self-Organized Thermoregulation of Honeybee Clusters

Abstract A simple model is used to examine the role of movement and metabolism in the thermoregulation of a cluster of honeybees (A. mellifera mellifera). The thermoregulation is thought to be a result of individual bees attempting to regulate their own body temperatures between allowable limits. The bees respond to decreases in their immediate, or local, temperature by a combination of increased metabolic activity, and movements towards their neighbours. This is modelled by coupling a thermotaxis-diffusion equation for the cluster density to a heat equation with a temperature and density dependent source. It is assumed that the heat transfer within the cluster is dominated by conduction. The temperature profiles predicted by the model agree qualitatively with those observed. The model also predicts the density profiles within the cluster. These agree with qualitative observations in the literature.
Dietary type 2 resistant starch improves systemic inflammation and intestinal permeability by modulating microbiota and metabolites in aged mice on high-fat diet

Type 2 resistant starch (RS2) is a fermentable dietary fiber conferring health benefits. We investigated the effects of RS2 on host, gut microbiota, and metabolites in aged mice on high-fat diet. In eighteen-month old mice randomly assigned to control, high-fat (HF), or high-fat+20% RS2 (HFRS) diet for 16 weeks, RS2 reversed the weight gain and hepatic steatosis induced by high-fat diet. Serum and fecal LPS, colonic IL-2 and hepatic IL-4 mRNA expressions decreased while colonic mucin 2 mRNA and protein expressions increased in the HFRS compared to the HF and the control group. 16s rRNA sequencing of fecal microbial DNA demonstrated that RS2 decreased the abundance of pathogen taxa associated with obesity, inflammation, and aging including Desulfovibrio (Proteobacteria phylum), Ruminiclostridium 9, Lachnoclostridium, Helicobacteria, Oscillibacter, Alistipes, Peptococcus, and Rikenella. Additionally, RS2 increased the colonic butyric acid by 2.6-fold while decreasing the isobutyric and isovaleric acid levels by half compared to the HF group. Functional analyses based on Clusters of Orthologous Groups showed that RS2 increased carbohydrate while decreasing amino acid metabolism. These findings demonstrate that RS2 can reverse weight gain, hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and increased intestinal permeability in aged mice on high-fat diet mediated by changes in gut microbiome and metabolites.
DIFFERENTIAL IMPACTS OF PHOTOACCLIMATION AND THERMAL STRESS ON THE PHOTOBIOLOGY OF FOUR DIFFERENT PHYLOTYPES OF SYMBIODINIUM (PYRRHOPHYTA) 1

The capacity for photoacclimation to light at 100 or 600 μmol photons·m−2·s−1 and the subsequent response to thermal stress was examined in four genetically distinct cultures of symbiotic dinoflagellates in the genus Symbiodinium with the ITS2 designations A1, A1.1, B1, and F2. While all algal types showed typical signs of photoacclimation to high light via a reduction in chl a, there was a differential response in cellular growth, photosystem II (PSII) activity, and the chl a‐specific absorption coefficient between cultures. When maintained at 32°C for up to 10 days, significant variation in the susceptibility to thermal stress was observed in the rate of loss in PSII activity and electron transport, PSII reaction center degradation, and cellular growth. The order of thermal tolerance did not change between the two light levels. However, as expected, loss in photosynthetic function was exacerbated in the thermally sensitive phylotypes (B1 and A1.1) when acclimated to the higher light intensity. There was no consistent relationship between thermal tolerance and changes in light energy dissipation via non‐photochemical pathways. Phylotypes F2 and A1 showed a high degree of thermal tolerance, yet the cellular responses to light and temperature were markedly different between these algae. The F2 isolate showed the greatest capacity for photoacclimation and growth at high light and temperature, while the A1 isolate appeared to adjust to thermal stress by a slight decline in PSII activity and a significant decline in growth, possibly at the expense of increased photosystem and cellular repair rates.
An Effective Deep Learning Architecture Combination for Tissue Microarray Spots Classification of H&E Stained Colorectal Images

Tissue microarray (TMA) assessment of histomorphological biomarkers contributes to more accurate prediction of outcome of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), a common disease. Unfortunately, a typical problem with the use of TMAs is that the material contained in each TMA spot changes as the TMA block is cut repeatedly. A reclassification of the content within each spot would be necessary for accurate biomarker evaluation. The major challenges to this end however lie in the high heterogeneity of TMA quality and of tissue characterization in structure, size, appearance and tissue type. In this work, we propose an end-to-end framework using deep learning for TMA spot classification into three classes: tumor, normal epithelium and other tissue types. It includes a detection of TMA spots in an image, an extraction of overlapping tiles from each TMA spot image and a classification integrated into two effective deep learning architectures: convolutional neural network (CNN) and Capsule Network with the prior information of intended tissue type. A set of digitized H&E stained images from 410 CRC patients with clinicopathological information is used for the validation of the proposed method. We show experimentally that our approach brings state-of-the-art performances for several relevant CRC H&E tissue classification and that these results are promising for use in clinical practice.
Messenger RNAs with large numbers of upstream open reading frames are translated via leaky scanning and reinitiation in the asexual stages of Plasmodium falciparum

Abstract The genome of Plasmodium falciparum has one of the most skewed base-pair compositions of any eukaryote, with an AT content of 80–90%. As start and stop codons are AT-rich, the probability of finding upstream open reading frames (uORFs) in messenger RNAs (mRNAs) is high and parasite mRNAs have an average of 11 uORFs in their leader sequences. Similar to other eukaryotes, uORFs repress the translation of the downstream open reading frame (dORF) in P. falciparum, yet the parasite translation machinery is able to bypass these uORFs and reach the dORF to initiate translation. This can happen by leaky scanning and/or reinitiation. In this report, we assessed leaky scanning and reinitiation by studying the effect of uORFs on the translation of a dORF, in this case, the luciferase reporter gene, and showed that both mechanisms are employed in the asexual blood stages of P. falciparum. Furthermore, in addition to the codon usage of the uORF, translation of the dORF is governed by the Kozak sequence and length of the uORF, and inter-cistronic distance between the uORF and dORF. Based on these features whole-genome data was analysed to uncover classes of genes that might be regulated by uORFs. This study indicates that leaky scanning and reinitiation appear to be widespread in asexual stages of P. falciparum, which may require modifications of existing factors that are involved in translation initiation in addition to novel, parasite-specific proteins.
Optimizing Particle Detection by Colocalization Analysis in Multi-Channel Fluorescence Microscopy Images

Automatic detection of virus particles displayed as small spots in fluorescence microscopy images is an important task to elucidate infection processes. Particles are typically labeled with multiple fluorophores to acquire multi-channel images. We propose a new weakly supervised approach for automatic particle detection in the lower SNR channel of two-channel fluorescence microscopy data. A main advantage is that labeled data is not required. Instead of using labeled data, colocalization in different channels is exploited as a surrogate for ground truth using a novel measure. Our approach has been evaluated using synthetic as well as challenging live cell microscopy images of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 particles. We found, that our approach yields comparable results to a state-of-the-art supervised method, and can cope with defective fluorescent labeling as well as chromatic aberration of the microscope.
Physical Stress and Positive Associations Among Marsh Plants

The contribution of positive interactions such as facilitations and mutualisms to the structure and organization of natural communities has received little recent attention. Here we show that distribution patterns of New England salt-marsh plants are strongly influenced by facilitative associations among neighboring plants. Positive interactions among marsh plants appear to be the simple by-product of neighbors buffering one another from potentially limiting physical stresses and thus only occur in physically harsh habitats. Positive associations such as these are likely common but unappreciated forces in harsh environments that have been largely overlooked by contemporary ecologists because of their preoccupation with competitive phenomena.
Ensuring a Reliable Operation of Two-Level IGBT-Based Power Converters: A Review of Monitoring and Fault-Tolerant Approaches

Despite the emerging multi-phase and multi-level converters, two-level insulated gate bipolar transistor-based power converters are still widely used in industrial applications in nowadays. Thus, its reliability is of significant importance for ensuring industrial safety. In this paper, a review of the possibilities to ensure the reliable operation of these power converters is presented. The possible approaches are categorized into two groups: condition monitoring and fault-tolerant control. The former approach performs the monitoring methods of power converters, which enables the identification of device degradation to be realized. Accordingly, the mechanisms, indicators, and measuring methods of degradation are demonstrated in this paper to assist the design of condition-based maintenance. In contrast, the latter approach is a post-fault one, where power converters remain the operation by activating the fault-tolerant units after faults are identified. For this approach, fault detection, fault isolation, and tolerant strategies are essential. Finally, the performance and cost-effectiveness of the two categories are discussed in this paper.
Nectin‐2α is localized at cholinergic neuron dendrites and regulates synapse formation in the medial habenula

The medial habenula (MHb) receives afferents from the triangular septum and the medial septal complex, projects efferents to the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) in the midbrain to regulate dopamine and serotonin levels, and is implicated in stress, depression, memory, and nicotine withdrawal syndrome. We previously showed that the cell adhesion molecule nectin‐2α is localized at the boundary between adjacent somata of clustered cholinergic neurons and regulates the voltage‐gated A‐type K+ channel Kv4.2 localization at membrane specializations in the MHb. This adhesion apparatus, named nectin‐2α spots, is not associated with the nectin‐binding protein afadin or any classic cadherins and their binding proteins p120‐catenin and β‐catenin. We showed here that nectin‐2α was additionally localized at cholinergic neuron dendrites in synaptic regions of the MHb. The genetic ablation of nectin‐2 reduced the number of synapses in the MHb without affecting their morphology. Nectin‐2α was associated with afadin, cadherin‐8, p120‐catenin, β‐catenin, and αN‐catenin, forming puncta adherentia junctions (PAJs). Nectin‐2α was observed in the IPN, but not in the triangular septum or the medial septal complex. The genetic ablation of nectin‐2 did not affect synapse formation in the IPN. These results indicate that nectin‐2α forms two types of adhesion apparatus in the MHb, namely nectin‐2α spots at neighboring somata and PAJs at neighboring dendrites, and that dendritic PAJs regulate synapse formation in the MHb.
ConvRadiomics: Convolutional Radiomics Feature Extraction Toolkit

Radiomics is a powerful tool in imaging-based clinical studies and it is gaining importance in oncology due to its ability to extract high-throughput image-based biomarkers in a non-invasive way. However, common methods for extracting radiomics features are mainly designed in the CPU, being an extremely time-consuming process when complicated method verifications or large datasets are involved. In this study, a deep learning-based radiomics sequencer was developed that is capable to extract a total of 93 features, including all histogram and texture based features. Our proposed network exploits the advantage of current CPU-based radiomics feature extraction methods because it has the potential to maintain the interpretability of radiomics features while reducing considerably the computation time of the feature extraction process. To illustrate the effectiveness of the network, we perform the experiments on BRATS17 image dataset obtaining the mean squared error (MSE) of 0.00092 in training, 0.0023 in validation and 0.00197 in test datasets. The feature extraction process was completed in 22.21 seconds, being 7205% faster than conventional CPU-based method. In this way, the potential advantages provided by the proposed network allow radiomics feature extraction process to be faster and more adaptive.
Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Feedlot Cattle Fed Ensiled Soybean Straw Treated with Various Alkalis

ABSTRACT A beef growing-finishing study was conducted to determine the effects of feeding ensiled chopped soybean straw (SBS) (35% dry matter) treated with various alkalis on performance carcass characteristics. Concentrations of alkalis used in the diets were either 0 (control) or 4% (w/w) of the straw dry matter. A fescue hay (FH) diet was used as a positive control. Thirty-five Angus and Hereford steer and heifer calves averaging 202 kg body weight were randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups. Treatments were: (1) water, (2) NaOH, (3) Ca(OH)2, (4) NH4OH, and (5) FH. The diets were fed 141 days including a 21-day adaptation period. Sodium hydroxide and Ca(OH)2 treatments decreased (P 0.05) differenc.
Synthesis of Alloplasmic Brassica campestris as a New Source of Cytoplasmic Male Sterility

Cytoplasmic male, steriles of Brassica campestris ssp. oleifera var. brown sarson were obtained m BO generation progenies Following the repeated back-crossing of the synthetic alloploid B. oxyrrhina (2n = 18, OO) ×B. campestris. (2n = 20, AA). Alloplasmic B. campestris plants resemble B. campestris in morphology and growth pattern and do not exhibit any trait of B. oxyrrhina, However, the leave; arc mildly chlorophyll deficient in the earlier stages and turn green at late stages In the development. The reproductive parts do not show and abnormalities except that the anthers are smaller and slenderer that the normal ones and are non dehiscent, containing only sterile pollen.
Flexible Driving Mechanism Inspired Water Strider Robot Walking on Water Surface

The agile and efficient locomotion of water striders on water surface is attributed to the water repellency ability of their slender legs. The legs are usually treated as rigid beams, neglecting the effect of flexible deformation on its movement. Several studies proved that the stable floating ability of water striders is closely related to the flexible legs. This paper focuses on exploring the flexible driven mechanism between the insect and the surface of water and applied them to design a robot. The spatial deformation and force models of the driving legs are established and analyzed based on the Euler-Bernoulli’s beam theory. The influence of flexural rigidity and depth of a driving leg on the rowing speed is studied. Results indicates that a flexible driving leg can effectively increase its critical rowing speed and ensure that it does not penetrate the water surface at a higher speed, thus achieving a bigger driving force. Then a water strider robot capable of walking on water surface is proposed, which possesses ellipse-like spatial trajectories by using a limit pin-linkage. The driving legs are fabricated by different stiffness materials. Finally, the skating experiments of the robots with different stiffness of the driving legs were carried out. The results verified that the maximum rowing frequency of the flexible driving legs and maximum moving speed of the robot are more than 30% higher than those with rigid legs, respectively. Moreover, a similarity analysis of hydrodynamic characteristic constants reveals that the flexible driving robot is more analogous to the biological water striders.
Wildlife damage and control methods around Lake Mburo National Park, Uganda

This study documents the different management and control measures developed and implemented by farmers to mitigate vertebrate pest attacks on crops and livestock around Lake Mburo National Park in Uganda. A semi-structured interview administered to 40 randomly selected park neighbours was supplemented with key informant interviews, a review of secondary data, and direct observations of vertebrate pest problems and their management. All participant farmers had experienced some damage from vertebrate pests. Bushpigs ranked as the most destructive to crops, while leopards were most destructive to livestock. Most damage occurred during severe dry seasons. The most common methods for combating pests were guarding, fencing, and poisoning. Physical guarding was perceived as being the most effective method; however, there were reports of pest resurgence, which varied between pest species, seasons, and methods used. Bushpigs showed the greatest resistance against control measures. Control efforts were found to be tedious and time-consuming, and they created the possibility for the transfer of infectious diseases frompests to humans. We recommend conscious efforts to augment local control methods so as to enhance both biodiversity conservation and farm production.
A Localized Event-Driven Resilient Mechanism for Cooperative Microgrid Against Data Integrity Attacks

This article investigates the impact of data integrity attacks (DIAs) on cooperative economic dispatch of distributed generators (DGs) in an ac microgrid. To establish resiliency against such attacks and ensure optimal operation, a localized event-driven attack-resilient scheme is proposed. Most of the existing works examine neighboring information to infer the presence of DIAs, where the detection is limited to events such as multiple link failures. Two kinds of DIAs are considered in this article—namely, fault and random attacks, which are segregated based on the final values of consensus updates. First, to improve the robustness of the detection theory, a localized resilient control update is designed by modeling each DG with a reference incremental cost. Second, event-driven control signal is generated for the local incremental cost and held upon the detection of attacks, to prevent malicious data from propagating to the neighboring nodes. The proposed strategy acts immediately upon the detection of DIA to ensure maximization in the economic profit. Furthermore, the proposed detection approach is theoretically verified and validated using simulation conditions.
Investigation of Electrical Characteristic Behavior Induced by Channel-Release Process in Stacked Nanosheet Gate-All-Around MOSFETs

In this brief, several issues attributed to the channel-release process in vertically stacked-gate-all-around MOSFETs (GAAFETs) having various nanosheet (NS) widths were rigorously investigated. Because of the finite selectivity of SiGe (sacrificial layer) etchant to Si (channel layer), Si channel is likely to be thinned during the channel-release step which is one of the key processes in stacked-GAA FET fabrication. Consequently, the thickness of channel and the interchannel space becomes variable depending on the NS width, since the etch time must be determined by the widest channel within a wafer. It results in a channel width dependence of gate work function, gate-to-drain capacitance, and channel interfacial property as well as the electrostatic gate controllability. The electrical characteristic behavior of stacked-GAAFETs induced by these effects was thoroughly investigated through process-based 3-D technology computer-aided design (TCAD) device simulation along with a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and an energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses. The results confirm that width-dependent effects should be taken into account when fabricating and compact modeling the stacked-GAAFETs with various NS widths which are required for logic and static random access memory (SRAM) applications.
The N270 in Facial S1-S2 Paradigm as a Biomarker for Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) might suffer from dysfunctions that affect their social interaction, however, this issue has been less investigated and the results were inconclusive, especially for face processing. Applying event-related potential technology, the current study used modified facial S1-S2 paradigm to investigate face recognition in children with ADHD and health control group. Twenty-nine ADHD children and twenty-nine health children were recruited. The results showed that central N270 was delayed under inconsistent condition than consistent condition for ADHD group and no significant difference was revealed between ADHD group and control group on amplitude and latency of N170, N270. N270 might be a sensitive neurophysiological marker for ADHD children.