Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Articular Cartilage and Osteoarthritis

27? 1954 ANAESTHESIA IN OUT-PATIENT DEPARTMENTS MIBRITLJSH with anaesthetic affairs. Many undergraduates are not at present getting the training in anaesthetics they should, in spite of the requirements of the G.M. C. The time allowed to this subject compared with others is often too short in relation to its importance to the community. That the training of undergraduates in anaesthesia falls short of what it should be is also made clear in an admirable report by Harbord3 based on questionaries sent to every medical school in the country. Teachers of anaesthesia find they are not getting the opportunities to carry out the necessary training in simple and safe methods. Some indeed in their frustration feel that anaesthesia is better kept out of the hands of the non-specialist altogether and its study limited to postgraduates. But until the number of trained anaesthetists is much greater the undergraduate must still be taught the subject and taught it well, so that when he qualifies he has one or two simple methods at his command. The problem of anaesthetics in out-patient departments is therefore bound up with the larger one of the training of undergraduates and the supply of future specialists. It deserves the closest study.
Osmoregulation in Bacillus subtilis: synthesis of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine from exogenously provided choline

Exogenously provided glycine betaine functions as an efficient osmoprotectant for Bacillus subtilis in high-osmolarity environments. This gram-positive soil organism is not able to increase the intracellular level of glycine betaine through de novo synthesis in defined medium (A. M. Whatmore, J. A. Chudek, and R. H. Reed, J. Gen. Microbiol. 136:2527-2535, 1990). We found, however, that B. subtilis can synthesize glycine betaine when its biosynthetic precursor, choline, is present in the growth medium. Uptake studies with radiolabelled [methyl-14C]choline demonstrated that choline transport is osmotically controlled and is mediated by a high-affinity uptake system. Choline transport of cells grown in low- and high-osmolarity media showed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with Km values of 3 and 5 microM and maximum rates of transport (Vmax) of 10 and 36 nmol min-1 mg of protein-1, respectively. The choline transporter exhibited considerable substrate specificity, and the results of competition experiments suggest that the fully methylated quaternary ammonium group is a key feature for substrate recognition. Thin-layer chromatography revealed that the radioactivity from exogenously provided [methyl-14C]choline accumulated intracellularly as [methyl-14C]glycine betaine, demonstrating that B. subtilis possesses enzymes for the oxidative conversion of choline into glycine betaine. Exogenously provided choline significantly increased the growth rate of B. subtilis in high-osmolarity media and permitted its proliferation under conditions that are otherwise strongly inhibitory for its growth. Choline and glycine betaine were not used as sole sources of carbon or nitrogen, consistent with their functional role in the process of adaptation of B. subtilis to high-osmolarity stress.
A Dynamic Load Balancing Model for Concurrently Connected Users in U-Healthcare Monitoring Systems

U-healthcare systems are based on a ubiquitous and wireless computing and communication environment. They are comprised of the U-healthcare management center, electronic medical records (EMR) system, and the associated services for users and patients. The U-healthcare management center performs continuous monitoring and provides support services in multiple areas, requiring careful allocation of the limited service resources to provide customized healthcare services for users of the mobile distributed system. When the number of locally connected users increases rapidly, a mobile allocation and distribution server can be imbalanced by the load on service resources, resulting in delayed services. This study proposes a dynamic load balancing model for reducing the load of users on service resources and supporting efficient response services in a mobile distributed system. The proposed dynamic load balancing model clusters the system resources of servers dynamically, according to each users' movement and time. The dynamic clustering of system resources uses wFCM (weighted Fuzzy C-Means), which changes the cluster center by transforming existing FCM (Fuzzy C-Means) from a fixed weight to a dynamic one. Using wFCM, the load balance can be maintained, based on the usage rate of service resources, such as CPU, memory, and network. In addition, the balance between QoS (Quality of Service) requests and network response times can be maintained by adding an abstraction layer between application services and network infrastructure. Therefore, when the proposed model is applied to a U-healthcare monitoring system, the system can perform near real-time monitoring of service users in the mobile distributed environment, and effectively address emergent situations. This study evaluates the response time of the implemented model in relation to the number of concurrently connected users, and confirms that the proposed model is faster in response and service processing than existing WLC (Weighted Least-Connection Scheduling) and FCM (Fuzzy C-Means).
Homozygous p53 gene mutation in a radiation-induced glioblastoma 10 years after treatment for an intracranial germ cell tumor: case report.

OBJECTIVE Radiation-induced glioma is a rare but serious complication of radiotherapy. Underlying radiation-induced mutations in oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes have not previously been described. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 16-year-old female patient developed a glioblastoma in the right frontal lobe 10 years after treatment of a suprasellar germ cell tumor with 50 Gy ionizing radiation. The glioblastoma was undetectable on a high-resolution magnetic resonance image obtained 3 months before diagnosis. METHODS AND RESULTS A p53 functional assay was used to examine the transcriptional competence of the p53 tumor suppressor gene. This assay scores the content of mutant p53 alleles in tumor and blood samples quantitatively as a percentage of red yeast colonies. The glioblastoma contained 95% mutant p53 alleles, whereas blood from the patient and her parents contained only normal background levels of red colonies. Sequencing revealed that the mutation in the tumor was a 3-base pair deletion affecting codons 238 and 239. Intragenic deletion within the p53 deoxyribonucleic acid binding domain is uncommon in sporadic tumors but would be entirely consistent with misrepair of a radiation-induced double-strand deoxyribonucleic acid break in this case. CONCLUSION This is the first case in which a causative underlying genetic event has been identified in a radiation-induced glioblastoma. We infer that mutation of one p53 allele occurred at the time of radiotherapy, and the sudden appearance of the tumor 10 years later occurred after loss of the remaining wild-type allele and/or other genetic alterations, such as chromosome 10 loss and epidermal growth factor receptor gene amplification.
20 Perspective Taking : Misstepping Into Others ’ Shoes

The ability to intuit another person’s thoughts, feelings, and inner mental states is surely among the most impressive of human mental faculties. Adopting another’s perspective requires the ability to represent the self as distinct from others, the development of a theory of mind to realize that others have mental states in the first place (see also Saxe, Chapter 17, this volume) and the explicit recognition that others’ mental states and perceptions could differ from one’s own. Humans appear to be born with absolutely none of these capacities but instead develop them during the first few years of life (Callaghan et al., 2005; Flavell, 1999; Gopnik & Meltzoff, 1994). Developing these perspective-taking abilities appears critical for many of the good things in social life, from empathy, to cooperation, to possible acts of altruism. Not all humans develop these skills to equivalent degrees, and those who do not develop these skills to any degree are among the most puzzling (and occasionally horrifying) members of society as they look perfectly human but act completely unhuman. Of course, humans are not alone in their capacity for self-awareness, their considerations of others’ mental states, or perhaps even their awareness of differing perspectives and resulting mental states, but comparing the abilities of even the closest nonhuman relative is a bit like comparing sandcastles to skyscrapers (Hare, 2007). But, as anyone who has recently purchased a cell phone, computer, or almost any other technological gadget knows all too well, owning impressive technology and using it correctly are two entirely different things. One of us, for instance, owns a cellular telephone that is also able to take pictures, play music, and do something called “texting,” but so far is only able to use it to call other telephones. The same gap also holds for mental technologies, for which the possibility of performing some impressive mental operation need not equate with one’s actual ability to perform this operation. From memory, to altruism, to self-control, the gap between what is possible with one’s psychological abilities and what is probable can appear somewhat “canyonesque. ” The same, we argue, is also true of perspective taking. Humans possess the mental capability necessary to adopt contents
The BOOP trojan horse in Wegener's granulomatosis: a reminder to pathologists and clinicians

The histologic sine qua non sought for a diagnosis of Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) are vasculitis, (geographic) necrosis and granulomas in the appropriate clinico serologic context. That these pathognomons may be altogether absent, leading to misdiagnosis and mistreatment, should be remembered, as illustrated by this case.1 The patient was a 30-year-old woman beleaguered with intermittent cough and dyspnoea on exertion, and insignificant physical findings, at presentation, and nodulolinear, pulmonary infiltrates …
A comparison of pulmonary exacerbations with single and multiple organisms in patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic Burkholderia cepacia infection.

STUDY OBJECTIVES To compare pulmonary exacerbations with single and multiple organisms in patients with chronic Burkholderia cepacia infection. DESIGN Data was collected over a 23-month period and for each of the patients two episodes of pulmonary exacerbation were identified, one with B. cepacia isolated as the sole respiratory pathogen and the other with one or more coinfecting organisms grown from the sputum culture. SETTING Regional tertiary referral center for Respiratory Medicine and Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center for Northern Ireland, Belfast City Hospital. PATIENTS Adult (over 16 years) CF patients with chronic (more than 4 years) B. cepacia complex infection who attended the Belfast City Hospital between January 1997 and November 1998. MEASUREMENTS Forced expiratory volume in 1s, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory flow rate 25-75, C-reactive protein, leucocyte count and body mass index were measured before and after two weeks of treatment and analysed for any differences in change between the two episodes. RESULTS All variables in both groups improved following treatment except for body mass index, which remained unchanged. No significant differences between the measurements were identified on comparison of single (monomicrobial) and multiple (polymicrobial) isolate episodes. CONCLUSION Patients with chronic B. cepacia infection who develop a pulmonary exacerbation improve, as reflected by clinical and biochemical markers, following IV antibiotic treatment. Pulmonary exacerbations with multiple organisms are no more severe than those where only B. cepacia is isolated.
COPPER-FRUCTOSE INTERACTIONS AND NAFLD 1 Dietary Copper-Fructose Interactions Alter Gut Microbial Activity in Male Rats 1

47 Dietary copper-fructose interactions contribute to the development of nonalcoholic fatty 48 liver disease (NAFLD). Gut microbiota play critical roles in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. 49 The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different dietary doses of copper and 50 their interactions with high fructose on gut microbiome. Male weanling Sprague-Dawley 51 rats were fed diets with adequate copper (6 ppm, CuA), marginal copper (1.5 ppm, CuM) 52 (low-copper) or supplemented copper (20 ppm, CuS) (high-copper) for 4 weeks. 53 Deionized water or deionized water containing 30% fructose (w/v) was given ad lib. 54 Copper status, liver enzymes, gut barrier function and gut microbiome were evaluated. 55 Both lowand high-copper diets led to liver injury in high fructose fed rats, and this was 56 associated with gut barrier dysfunction, as shown by the markedly decreased tight 57 junction proteins and increased gut permeability. 16S rDNA sequencing analysis revealed 58 distinct alterations of the gut microbiome associated with dietary lowand high59 copper/high-fructose feeding. The common features of the alterations of the gut 60 microbiome were the increased abundance of Firmicutes and the depletion of 61 Akkermansia. However, they differed mainly within the phylum, Firmicutes. Our data 62 demonstrated that a complex interplay between host, microbes and dietary copper63 fructose interaction regulates gut microbial metabolic activity, which may contribute to 64 the development of liver injury and hepatic steatosis. The distinct alterations of gut 65 microbial activity, which were associated with the different dietary doses of copper and 66 fructose, imply that separate mechanism(s) may be involved. 67
Acetylation of α-Tubulin on Lys40 Is a Widespread Post-Translational Modification in Angiosperms

Acetylation of α-tubulin on Lys40 is thought to be a modification that regulates the dynamic instability of microtubules, but little is known about the occurrence of α-tubulin acetylation in plants. Here we report on a growth stage-dependent change in levels of α-tubulin acetylation and the organ distribution of acetylated α-tubulin in Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Widespread occurrence of α-tubulin acetylation in the leaves of 15 species (20 cultivars) of angiosperms was also confirmed. Our data indicate that acetylated α-tubulin is widespread in many angiosperms, but levels can differ, sometimes considerably, among different organs and developmental stages.
Which course of dexamethasone?

Editor—Skelton et al 1 state that “most units start [dexamethasone] by the second week of life, weaning over 2–3 weeks rather than 6” and that such a regimen “has been shown to be comparable in effectiveness with a six week course. ” The reference cited is a review paper that provides no evidence for the first statement, and discusses studies that showed a benefit in time to extubation but not in the duration of oxygen treatment.2Time of extubation is irrelevant if the incidence of chronic lung disease has not been reduced, and, to our knowledge, a three week course has not been shown to have this beneficial effect. Indeed, Cummings et al , in the study in which he reported beneficial effects of the 6 …
A Large Scale Network Model to Obtain Interwell Formation Characteristics

Limited data availability and poor data quality make it difficult to characterise many reservoirs. For waterflooded reservoirs, production and injection data provide information from which injector-to-producer connections can be inferred. In this research, well locations and injection and production rate data are used to develop a reservoir-scale network model. A Voronoi mesh divides the reservoir into node volumes, each of which contains a well. Bonds connect the nodes with conductance values that are inferred from the rate data. The inverse problem minimises the mean-squared difference between computed and observed production data by adjusting the conductances between nodes. A derivative free optimisation algorithm is used to minimise the mean-squared difference. This coarse network model approach is fast and efficient because it solves for a small number of unknowns and is less underdetermined than correlation-based methods. The reservoir network model has promise as a reservoir description tool because of its modest data requirements, flexibility, efficiency, interpretability, and dynamism. [Received: July 17, 2015; Accepted: January 14, 2016]
Vascular loop as a cause of incapacitating dizziness.

ear function remaining (no hearing and no response to ice water calorics), whose symptoms could not have been mediated from the endorgan. These two patients had operations on their labyrinths proir to being seen by us which destroyed inner ear function. Justifiably neurotologists have been skeptical of the causal relationship of vascular loop compression and vestibular nerve symptoms. Reasons for this skepticism include vague patient histories, inadequate workup and follow-up data and, particularly, existing anatomic studies demonstrating vascular structures crossing the cerebellopontine cistern in most anatomic specimens13). We describe here a group of patients with intractable and disabling motion intolerance and vertigo who have undergone vascular decompression of the vestibular nerve. Meticulous documentation of symptoms, laboratory studies, and results indicate that a vascular loop syndrome must be considerered in the differential diagnosis of patients with distressing and finally incapacitating vestibular dysfunction. Moreover, we believe that there is within the history of patients here described, a symptom-set which identifies those patients deserving studies to image a possible vestibular nerve vascular loop. Meterials and Methods The records of 34 patients having undergone vascular loop decompression of the vestibular nerve were reviewed. Twenty-nine patients have been followed from six months to five years and are included in this retrospective analysis. Patient records, a questionnnaire, and telephone interviews were used to obtain follow-up data. Dizziness was the presenting complaint in all patients. The average duration of symptoms was 6.4 years (range: 9 months to 19 years). The preponderance of patients was in the 20 to 40 year age Division of Otology-Neurotology Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
Dietary exposure to heterocyclic amines in high-temperature cooked meat and fish in Malaysia

The intake of heterocyclic amines is influenced by the amount and type of meat and fish ingested, frequency of consumption, cooking methods, cooking temperature, and duration of cooking. In this study, the dietary intake of heterocyclic amines in Malaysia and their main sources were investigated. Forty-two samples of meat and fish were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector to determine the concentration of the six predominant heterocyclic amines, namely: 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoline (IQ), 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoline(MeIQ), 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoxaline (MeIQx), 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoxaline (4,8-DiMeIQx), 2-amino-3,7,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f] quinoxaline (7,8-DiMeIQx), and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP). Dietary intake data were obtained using a food-frequency questionnaire when interviewing 600 Malaysian respondents. The level of total heterocyclic amines in food samples studies ranged from not detected to 38.7 ng g−1. The average daily intake level of heterocyclic amine was 553.7 ng per capita day−1. The intake of PhIP was the highest, followed by MeIQx and MeIQ. The results reveal that fried and grilled chicken were the major dietary source of heterocyclic amines in Malaysia. However, the heterocyclic amine intake by the Malaysian population was lower than those reported from other regions.
Age-related changes in the characteristics of the photoplethysmographic pulse shape at various body sites

It is accepted that older subjects have increasing arterial stiffness resulting in changes in the propagation of the pulse to the periphery, and thereby influencing the peripheral pulse timing and shape characteristics. However, this age association with pulse shape is less clear in younger subjects and for different peripheral measurement sites. The aim of this study was to determine the association between age and changes in pulse shape characteristics at the ears, fingers and toes. Photoplethysmography pulse waveforms were recorded non-invasively from the right and left sides at the ears, index fingers and great toes of 116 normal healthy human subjects. Their median age was 41 years (range 13–72) allowing four distinct age groups to be considered (subjects younger than 30 years, 30–39 years, 40–49 years and 50 years of age or older). Normalized ear, finger and toe pulse shapes were calculated, for the whole subject group, and for the subjects within each age group. The differences in shape, relative to the oldest group, were also calculated for two distinct regions of interest; the systolic rising edge and the dicrotic notch of the pulse. Subtle, gradual and significant changes in the pulse shape were found at all sites with overall elongation of the systolic rising edge (p < 0.05) and damping of the dicrotic notch (p < 0.05) with age. The overall age-related changes in multi-site PPG pulse shape characteristics at the ear, finger and toe sites have been demonstrated and quantified. Age-matched normal ranges must be considered when evaluating pulses from patients with possible vascular disease.
Life style assessment: a demonstration focused on family constellation.

The phrase, life style, is currently used in many ways which Adler never intended. As Adler used it, life style refers to the "unity in each individual-in his thinking, feeling, acting; in his so-called conscious and unconscious, in every expression of his personality. This unity we call the style of life of the individual" (3, p. 175). While we agree with this definition of life style, we prefer one somewhat more limited, namely, a person's central convictions which, to oversimplify, describe how he views himself in relation to his view of life. We formally assess a life style by interviewing the person regard­ ing his family constellation and his early recollections, as Adler had emphasized the importance of birth order position and early recollec­ tions (3, p. 328). The family constellation part was described first by Dreikurs (4) and then by Shulman (7); the early recollections part has been described by this author (5). In an actual case we give equal importance to the two parts. In the present demonstration early recollections are merely touched upon during the last few minutes, while the emphasis is on the investigation of the family constellation. Dreikurs outlines the significance of this procedure in the following:
An Enhanced Wu-Huberman Algorithm with Pole Point Selection Strategy

The Wu-Huberman clustering is a typical linear algorithm among many clustering algorithms, which illustrates data points relationship as an artificial “circuit” and then applies the Kirchhoff equations to get the voltage value on the complex circuit. However, the performance of the algorithm is crucially dependent on the selection of pole points. In this paper, we present a novel pole point selection strategy for the Wu-Huberman algorithm (named as PSWH algorithm), which aims at preserving the merit and increasing the robustness of the algorithm. The pole point selection strategy is proposed to filter the pole point by introducing sparse rate. Experiments results demonstrate that the PSWH algorithm is significantly improved in clustering accuracy and efficiency compared with the original Wu-Huberman algorithm.