Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Measurements and Factors of CarbonEmission Efficiency

A shortage of natural resources is currently handicapping further socio-economic development in China. The Chinese government has therefore implemented several measures to limit energy use and reduce harmful emissions, with a particular focus on the provinces. We calculated and compared the regional carbon emission efficiency of China from 2006 to 2013 using the Charnes-Cooper-Rhodes, Banker-Charnes-Cooper, slackbased measurement models and the epsilon-based measure of efficiency model. In addition, we compared our results with those of other local and overseas scholars. The 30 provinces of China were divided into eight economic regions and we analyzed the differences in carbon emission efficiency of these regions. Finally, we used the DEA-Tobit model to study the relationship between economic scale, industrial structure, environmental regulation, dependence on foreign trade and foreign capital, technological innovation, and carbon emission efficiency. Our main conclusions include: 1) the efficiency value calculated by EBM was more reasonable compared with that of the other models, 2) significant differences were found in the carbon emission efficiency between the regions, and 3) economic scale, industrial structure, dependence on foreign trade and foreign capital, and technological innovation were the positive factors. Furthermore, environmental regulation was found to have no significant effect on carbon emission efficiency, whereas regional characteristics had negative effects.
The Effect of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Treatment Before Testicular Sperm Extraction in Non-Obstructive Azoospermia Non-Obstruktif Azoospermide Testiküler Sperm Ekstraksiyonu Öncesi Human Koryonik Gonadotropin Tedavisinin Etkisi

DOI: 10.4328/JCAM.3332 Received: 19.02. 2015 Accepted: 24.03. 2015 Published Online: 25.03. 2015 Corresponding Author: Umit Gul, Department of Urology, Baskent University Adana Clinic & Research Center, 01250, Yuregir, Adana, Turkey. GSM: +905325531349 F. : +90 3223271274 E-Mail: umitgul@yahoo.com Özet Amaç: İdiyopatik non-obstrüktif azospermili (NOA) hastalarda, ampirik hCG tedavisi ile ilgili sonuçları araştırmak. Gereç ve Yöntem: hCG grubunu normal testis hacimlerine ve normal serum FSH ve LH düzeylerine sahip olan ve ampirik hCG ile tedavi edilen 34 hasta oluşturdu. hCG, testiküler sperm ekstraksiyonundan (TESE) 10-14 hafta önce 2500 IU olarak haftada iki kere deri altına enjeksiyon şeklinde uygulandı. Kontrol grubunu yaş ve eş yaşları hCG grubu ile denk olup aynı dönemde TESE uygulanan 49 hasta oluşturdu. Gruplar arasındaki sperm elde etme oranı (SRR), folikül uyarıcı hormon (FSH), luteinizan hormon (LH), testosteron seviyeleri, testis hacimleri, fertilizasyon oranları (FR), implantasyon oranları (IR), gebelik oranları (PR), canlı doğum oranları (LBR), iptal oranları (CR) ve cerrahi tekniği arasındaki ilişki değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Konvansiyonel teknik ile başarılı sperm elde edilmesi, hCG grubundaki 17 hasta’nın 14’ünde (% 82,3) olurken kontrol grubundaki 28 hasta’nın 18’inde (% 64,3) sağlandı (p = 0,170). SRR açısından gruplar arasında fark yoktu (p = 0,338). Hastaların yaşı, ortalama infertilite süresi, serum FSH, LH, testosteron, östradiol düzeyleri ve testis hacimleri açısından iki grup arasında anlamlı farklılık saptanmadı (p> 0,05). FR, IR, PR, LBR açısından iki grup arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmadı (p> 0,05). Tartışma: idiyopatik NOA hastalarda ampirik hCG tedavisi ile SRR iyileşme sağlanamamıştır. hCG tedavisinin ICSI başarısı üzerinde herhangi bir etkisi bulunamamıştır.
Irradiance, external carbon dioxide concentration and temperature influence photosynthesis in tropical cover crop legumes

In plantation crops, perennial tropical legumes are grown as understory plants, where they receive limited irradiance and can be subjected to elevated levels of CO 2 . Independent shortterm effects of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), external carbon dioxide concentration [CO 2 ] and temperature on net photosynthesis (Pn), internal CO 2 (Ci), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration (E) were assessed in 5 tropical perennial legume cover crops (calopo, jack bean, mucuna, white lead tree and perennial peanut). These legumes responded differently to changing PPFD, external [CO 2 ] and temperature. In all legume species studied, reducing PPFD from 1000 to 50 µmol/m 2 /s reduced Pn to less than 10% of that at the higher light level. Increasing the external [CO 2 ] from 250 to 700 cm 3 /m 3 doubled Pn. Increasing temperature from 30 o C to 35°C reduced Pn in calopo, jack bean and mucuna and increased Pn in white lead tree and perennial peanut, but magnitude of the differences was small. Gs increased with PPFD in all species except perennial peanut, but decreased substantially as external [CO2] increased only in white lead tree. Early in the establishment of plantations, soils receive nearly full sunlight. However, with increasing age, the amount of light reaching ground level is decreased drastically, to as low as 80–200 µmol/m 2 /s. Cover crops that can grow in low light might survive longer and better protect the soil from erosion. Responses of these perennial legumes under the conditions imposed have shown that white lead tree and calopo would perform better than the other species as cover crops in tree plantations, where they would be subjected to high levels of shading. However, management of the tree canopy would be important to allow sufficient light through to achieve accept able growth rates in the cover crops.
K-Shell Line Distribution of Heavy Elements along the Galactic Plane Observed with Suzaku

We report the global distribution of the intensities of the K-shell lines from the He-like and H-like ions of S, Ar, Ca and Fe along the Galactic plane. From the profiles, we clearly separate the Galactic center X-ray emission (GCXE) and the Galactic ridge X-ray emission (GRXE). The intensity profiles of the He-like K$\alpha$ lines of S, Ar, Ca and Fe along the Galactic plane are approximately similar with each other, while not for the H-like Ly$\alpha$ lines. In particular, the profiles of H-like Ly$\alpha$ of S and Fe show remarkable contrast; a large excess of Fe and almost no excess of S lines in the GCXE compared to the GRXE. Although the prominent K-shell lines are represented by $\sim$1 keV and $\sim$7 keV temperature plasmas, these two temperatures are not equal between the GCXE and GRXE. In fact, the spectral analysis of the GCXE and GRXE revealed that the $\sim$1 keV plasma in the GCXE has lower temperature than that in the GRXE, and vice versa for the $\sim$7 keV plasma.
Etude de deux gènes impliqués dans la biosynthèse du parfum chez le genre Rosa L. (Rosaceae)

Peu d’enzymes de synthese de composes odorants sont connues chez le genre Rosa. Ce travail de these a permis l’identification de quelques-unes de ces proteines grâce a la technologie des puces a ADN, a l’analyse de l’expression des genes par RT-PCR quantitative en temps reel (qPCR) et a l’analyse des parfums par chromatographie en phase gazeuse (CPG). Une puce confrontant les ADNc d’une rose parfumee a ceux d’une rose non parfumee a permis de correler l’expression d’un gene, codant pour une Nudix hydrolase, tres fortement exprime dans la rose parfumee, avec la presence des monoterpenes dans le parfum de nombreux cultivars de rosiers. La caracterisation d’un rosier dont l’expression de ce gene est fortement reduite par ARN interferants, a permis de confirmer le role de celui-ci dans la synthese des monoterpenes. La phenylacetaldehyde synthase (PAAS) est une autre enzyme participant a la synthese du parfum. Trois alleles de cette proteine ont precedemment ete mis en evidence. Les resultats de qPCR et de CPG dans une population hybride ont permis de montrer que l’allele a1 est le seul a pouvoir induire la synthese et l’emission de 2-phenylethanol. Les activites respectives des differentes isoformes ont ete testees in vitro chez la levure et in planta dans des feuilles de tabac et des cals de rosier : ces experiences montrent que les trois isoformes ont des activites comparables. L’absence de synthese de 2-phenymethanol chez les plantes presentant les isoformes a2 et a3 reside donc dans la tres faible expression de leurs alleles, induisant probablement une faible concentration de l’isoforme dans les cellules
Cacao boom and bust: sustainability of agroforests and opportunities for biodiversity conservation

Cacao cultivation holds a sweet promise, not only for chocolate consumers and cacao farmers but also for conservationists who argue that diverse cacao agroforests may be used to sustain both livelihoods of smallholders and ecological benefits such as the conservation of biodiversity within human‐dominated tropical landscapes. However, regional boom‐and‐bust cycles are the rule in global cacao production: after initial forest conversion to cacao agroforests, sustaining production is difficult due to dwindling yields as trees age and pest and disease pressure increases. The failure to revitalize plantations often leads to a shift of cacao production to other regions. Shade removal dynamics within these cycles substantially reduce most of the biodiversity benefits. We investigate the conservation implications of these processes. Using examples from the current cacao crisis in Indonesia, we show that until now commitments to sustainability by the cacao‐chocolate sector have not been successful, which endangers remaining forests. Conservation can be combined with smallholder cacao production, but if this is to be achieved, greater quantitative and qualitative efforts to halt cacao cycles are needed on the part of the industry by making use of existing opportunities to combine sustainability, carbon storage, and biodiversity conservation.
Exploring Group Movement Pattern through Cellular Data: A Case Study of Tourists in Hainan

Identifying group movement patterns of crowds and understanding group behaviors are valuable for urban planners, especially when the groups are special such as tourist groups. In this paper, we present a framework to discover tourist groups and investigate the tourist behaviors using mobile phone call detail records (CDRs). Unlike GPS data, CDRs are relatively poor in spatial resolution with low sampling rates, which makes it a big challenge to identify group members from thousands of tourists. Moreover, since touristic trips are not on a regular basis, no historical data of the specific group can be used to reduce the uncertainty of trajectories. To address such challenges, we propose a method called group movement pattern mining based on similarity (GMPMS) to discover tourist groups. To avoid large amounts of trajectory similarity measurements, snapshots of the trajectories are firstly generated to extract candidate groups containing co-occurring tourists. Then, considering that different groups may follow the same itineraries, additional traveling behavioral features are defined to identify the group members. Finally, with Hainan province as an example, we provide a number of interesting insights of travel behaviors of group tours as well as individual tours, which will be helpful for tourism planning and management.
Providing printing Web services

Mobile devices are becoming more and more powerful and even able to connect to wireless networks. Therefore, if they have network access they can also access services available in the Internet or in its local wireless network. As these devices are becoming popular and useful for domestic and corporate users, sets of services were and can be created to help these users in their daily tasks. We introduce some concepts about Web services and the proposed technologies for their implementation. The ongoing research deals with the creation of Web services to offer printing services on wireless networks. The research is supported by the cooperation project between the Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio Grande do Sul and Hewlett-Packard Company.
When Is A Linear Operator Diagonalizable

INTRODUCTION. As it often happens, everything began with a mistake. I was teaching for the third year in a row a linear algebra course to engineering freshmen. One of the highlights of the course was eigenvector theory, and in particular the diagonalization of linear operators on finite-dimensional vector spaces (i.e., of square real or complex matrices). Toward the end of the course I assigned a standard homework: prove that the matrix
Spatial Transformation in Shanghai: the strategy, institutional arrangement and planning procedures - the case of EXPO 2010

As the economic center of China, Shanghai has achieved 8.2% of GDP increasing in 2011, and the GDP per capital reached $ 12 784, which is close to the level of some developed countries. Meanwhile, its urbanization rate has been 89% in 2009, the whole city is going through severe economic and spatial transformation and requalification. This paper aims to take EXPO 2010 as a case to interpret the strategic logic, institutional arrangement and planning procedures in Shanghai in recent years. The EXPO 2010 might be an extreme case not only because it is a public project in a very big scale, but also because it is the first time of a developing country holding EXPO, which gives this project political meaning - a successful EXPO is required for its international reputation. But it is exactly such a project that could reveal its real motivation, its institutional arrangement which the city considered as the most efficient, and the innovation of planning procedures which could be the paradigm of the future practice. The first part of the paper will introduce the identity card and the chronology of EXPO 2010, also the economic situation and spatial planning documents will be presented to help us understand the strategic purpose of EXPO 2010: it is a good opportunity for the city to transfer it economic structure from industrialization to post-industrialization, to revive the inner city, to integrate both sides of the important River crossing the city - Huangpu River, and to redefine Huangpu River as a symbol of post industrialization. In the succeeding parts, the leading strategy of pre-post strategy will be introduced: the planner stretched the planning effective date to 2020 when a world city is expected, and made the design backwards. In this way, the planning structure, the infrastructure and a big percentage of building which are constructed for EXPO 2010 will be directly put into operation after EXPO. In the institutional aspect, the urban government seems to play a role of developer: they turn the degraded industrial and residential land into prepared culture, business and top-class residential land, and release it to private developer again. In the planning procedure aspect, the chief planners, the decision makers and the implemental planner for the first time work closely, to make sure the plan could instruct the projects. Lastly, the theoretical base, breakthrough and criticisms will be discussed based on this case.
Investigations for Ergonomic Presentation of AIS Symbols on ECDIS

Empirical investigations were carried out in a research project for the German Federal Ministry of Transport, Building, and Housing to evaluate the presentation of AIS target information on ECDIS. The investigations were performed at three international simulation centres. The features, colour and fillingjsize of AIS symbols, as well as the influence of the ECDIS display category on the detection of AIS targets were the main issues of the investigations. Results show that blue (5-52 colour token RE5BL) is the most suitable colour of the tested colours for the presentation of AIS targets under all ambient light conditions on the tested IHO S-52 colour tables.
A study of the effect of sediment accumulation on the settlement of coral larvae using conditioned tiles

Studies have shown that marine biofilms play an important role in coral larval settlement. Biofilms are formed when substrata are immersed in seawater over a period of time in a process known as conditioning. This study investigated the settlement of Pocillopora damicornis larvae on concrete tiles which had been conditioned in running seawater for one, two, four, six and eight weeks, with unconditioned tiles used as controls. Results showed that larval settlement appeared to be higher on unconditioned tiles. Two-way ANOVA indicated no significant differences in larval settlement densities in treatments and controls, but significant differences in the choice of settlement surfaces preferred. Larvae preferred to settle on the sides of the tiles, compared to the top and bottom surfaces. Regression analysis conducted on the weight of sediment accumulated and the density of settled larvae indicated a negative and significant correlation between the two variables. Sediment accumulation on biofilm layers growing on underwater substrata likely affects the suitability of these surfaces for larval settlement. This factor must be taken into account when designing artificial surfaces to enhance coral larval settlement for reef rehabilitation.
Sexual size dimorphism in Neurergus kaiseri (Caudata: Salamandridae) in south-western Zagros Mountains, Iran

Using bivariate and multivariate techniques we evaluated sexual size dimorphism in 13 body-related and six head-related metrics from 99 live specimens of the Lorestan newt, Neurergus kaiseri. Analyses of variance of 12 metrics showed that average sizes for all these characters in fe- males are significantly ( P<0.05) greater than in males. However, one character (vent length) is larger in males than females (P<0.001). Evaluation of 13 metrics showed that average size dimorphism is apparent in 10 characters with nine characters showing these differences at P≤0.01 and one char- acter at P<0.05 confidence levels. Principal Components Analysis of external characters provided a good separation of males and females. Although body measurements gave a clear pattern of differ- ences between the sexes in N. kaiseri, head measurements showed no such distinctions.
Chapter 5 Probiotics and Periodontal Diseases

Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Probiotics have been used to directly modify the resident oral microbiome and proposed to modulate immune responses. In dentistry, probiotics have been employed as useful adjuncts for the reduction of caries development, suppressing oral Candida infection and controlling halitosis. Plaque-induced gingivitis is a gingival inflammation caused by the adherent bacterial biofilm around teeth. Gingivitis and periodontitis are considered to be a continuum of the same inflammatory process, although many gingivitis lesions do not progress to periodontitis. Periodontitis is an inflammatory process that affects the attachment structures of teeth. It constitutes a second cause of tooth loss worldwide. Conventional treatment modalities of periodontal disease include non-surgical and/or surgical management, with an emphasis on mechanical debridement. However, mechanical debridement as a sole therapy is not always effective to improve clinical parameters. A growing number of studies support probiotic therapy to prevent or treat gingivitis and periodontitis. Oral administration of probiotics is an effective adjunct in reducing pathogenic bacteria and improving clinical signs of disease. Probiotics may serve as adjunct or replacement therapy substitute antibiotics in managing human periodontal infections in future.
Comparability of some classical integrals in weighted Lebesgue spaces

Abstract Modified versions of the Riemann-Liouvilleand Weyl fractional integral operators are shown to be comparable in Lw(0,∞), 1 < p < ∞, where w belongs Ap-weight classes. In addition, we utilize the boundedness of these operators on Lw(Rn) to derive weight characterizations for which higher order differential inequalities are satisfied in weighted Lebesgue spaces. These results extend the weight Sobolev type gradient inequalities proved in [5] via the Hardy operator.
Carbohydrate, Lipid Inhibitory Activity and Antioxidant Activity of Extracts from Several Economic Resource Plants in Vitro

The objective of this study was determined to evaluate α? amylase, α? glucosidase, pancreatic lipase inhibition in vitro and DPPH radical scavenging activity of the several Korean resources plants. The α? amylase inhibitory activity of Salicornia herbacea, Erythronium japonicum (flower) and Phragmites communis (root) in water extract showed relatively high 62.8%, 66.5% and 69.3%, respectively. The α? amylase inhibitory activity of Citrus junos (pericarp) and Cornus officinalis in methanol extract was found to have an effect with 32.8% in Citrus junos (pericarp) and 60.9% in Cornus officinalis. Corylopsis coreana in both water and methanol extract had the highest α? glucosidase inhibitory activity of 81.7% and 89.5%, while the extract of Portulaca oleracea, Ficus carica and Citrus junos was not measured α? glucosidase inhibitory activity at given experiment concentration. Depending on the extraction solvent and the plant species, it was observed that there was a significant difference in α? glucosidase inhibitory activity. The pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity showed relatively higher in the methanol extract than water extract except pericarp of Citrus junos. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of selected plants was much difference between measured plant species, and showed that the increase was proportional to the concentration. These results suggested that selected plants had the potent biological activity on carbohydrate, lipid Inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity, therefore these plant resources could be a good materials to develop medicinal preparations, nutraceuticals or health functional foods for diabetes or obesity.
Chris Crawford on Interactive Storytelling

As a game designer or new media storyteller, you know that the story is everything. However, figuring out how to tell it interactively-and in a way that keeps your audience coming back for more-can be challenging. Here to help you out (and to open your mind to ever more creative ways of producing those stories) is the man who created the cult publication The Art of Computer Game Design and who has devoted much of his career to that very topic: Chris Crawford. To highlight the path for future gains in the quest for a truly interactive story, Chris provides a solid sampling of what doesn't work, contrasting unsuccessful methodologies with those that hold promise for the future. Throughout you'll find examples of contemporary games that rely on different technologies-and learn the storytelling lessons to be garnered from each of the past methodologies. Within the context of interactive storytelling, Chris explores ways of providing conflict and challenge, the difference between low- and high-interactivity designs, the necessity to move beyond purely visual thinking (so that the player is engaged on multiple levels), and more.