Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What I say isn't always what I do: investigating differences in children's reported and actual snack food preferences

The current study sought to explore discrepancies between children’s stated snack food motivations and actual food choices, using the Implicit Associations Test (IAT) as a measure of implicit attitudes towards ‘healthy’ and ‘unhealthy’ foods. Participants were children aged 6-12 years (n=118), from two primary schools on the South Coast of NSW, Australia – a public school in a semi-rural suburb south of a sea-side city and a public school in a largely residential northern suburb of the same city. The children completed a questionnaire about motivations for snack choices, participated in an activity, completed two further questionnaires, selected snack foods from an in-class store, and participated in two rounds of an IAT ‘game’ pairing pictures of snack foods with positive and negative words. As hypothesized, the majority of children reported ‘healthiness’ as their primary motivator for snack food choice, but when faced with an actual purchase decision predominantly chose unhealthy snacks. It appears that children may have internalized the ‘moral’ values attributed to healthy and unhealthy foods and that this process influences both their explicit and implicit attitudes. However, their actual food choices are likely to be influenced by other factors, and thus more complex to understand and influence.
Optimal Antithrombotic Management of Anticoagulated Patients With a History of Myocardial Infarction

A common clinical dilemma exists for optimal antithrombotic management of a patient requiring oral anticoagulation (such as venous thromboembolism) and continued secondary myocardial infarction prophylaxis. Often aspirin will be continued concomitantly with the indicated oral anticoagulation therapy; however, additional benefits and increased risks of this practice have not been established. A systematic literature review was conducted to determine the benefits and risks of antithrombotic treatment strategies. Five clinical trials met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated to answer this clinical question.
QUEIJOS E EMBUTIDOS PRÉ FATIADOS: UM PERIGO AOS CONSUMIDORES?

O alimento e um importante elo na cadeia epidemiologica de doencas transmissiveis. Sua conservacao em condicoes nao adequadas favorece a multiplicacao de microrganismos que podem ocasionar alteracoes e/ou produzir sintomas de toxinfeccoes alimentares nos consumidores. Leite e derivados tem sido apontados como causadores de muitas doencas de origem alimentar e existem poucos dados, na literatura nacional, sobre as condicoes microbiologicas de frios (queijos e embutidos) pre fatiados. Esse alimento tem o agravante de poder ser contaminado por bacterias patogenicas muito tempo antes do consumo, havendo tempo para a multiplicacao desses microrganismos. Alem disso, esses frios podem ser expostos aos consumidores, em bancadas sem refrigeracao. Assim, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo verificar se esses alimentos consumidos em Botucatu atendiam aos padroes da Resolucao n°12 da Agencia Nacional de Vigilância Sanitaria (ANVISA), quanto a presenca de Salmonella, enumeracao de Staphylococcus aureus e determinacao do numero mais provavel de coliformes termotolerantes (APHA, 2001). Considerando-se as 112 amostras de frios analisadas, pode-se observar que 10 amostras (8,9%) das amostras estavam fora dos parâmetros estabelecidos, sendo que 9 pela presenca de Salmonella e uma somente por excesso de coliformes termotolerantes. Pelos resultados obtidos, podese concluir que os frios pre fatiados representam perigo a saude dos consumidores, sendo necessarias medidas para um maior controle e fiscalizacao por parte das autoridades de vigilância sanitaria, a fim de que se reduzam os indices de Salmonella nesses alimentos. Os consumidores devem exigir que esse tipo de alimento seja fatiado no momento da compra.
Improving neural tagging with lexical information

Neural part-of-speech tagging has achieved competitive results with the incorporation of character-based and pre-trained word embeddings. In this paper, we show that a state-of-the-art bi-LSTM tagger can benefit from using information from morphosyntactic lexicons as additional input. The tagger, trained on several dozen languages, shows a consistent, average improvement when using lexical information, even when also using character-based embeddings, thus showing the complementarity of the different sources of lexical information. The improvements are particularly important for the smaller datasets.
Identification of intrinsic and reflexive muscle parameters of the human arm in 3D joint space

The mechanical properties of the human arm are determined by intrinsic visco-elasticity and reflexive feedback from muscle spindles and Golgi organs. These properties are important to control stable interaction with the environment. With the aid of a new 2DOF haptic robot, the intrinsic and reflexive properties were estimated simultaneously for the shoulder, elbow and wrist joint during a posture task in the horizontal plane. Amongst other features, it was found that the shoulder had reduced intrinsic visco-elasticity that was compensated for by reflexive control. With this new experimental approach, global mechanical properties can be explained from the underlying neural control of muscles.
MOSYS: a methodology for automatic object identification from system specification

The paper presents a novel approach to the automatic identification of objects/classes from a system specification. The methodology is aimed at the development of distributed real time systems (DRTS), especially those conceived for industrial automation applications. UML is used as the modeling language in conjunction with an extended version of traditional DFD (E-DFD), that conveys information on flow type (data or control) and on process complexity and timing constraints. E-DFDs are mapped into a graph and a tool is used to carry out an automatic graph partition, which allows the identification of a set of objects that constitute, from the design and test points of view, the 'best-fitted' architecture. To validate the proposed methodology, a case study is presented and analyzed, comparing two design strategies.
Kin‐cohort evaluation of relative risks of genetic variants

The kin‐cohort study, an embedded retrospective cohort of first‐degree relatives of probands, has been used frequently in conjunction with case‐control studies to evaluate penetrance of high‐risk genotypes. However, in principle, the kin‐cohort approach can be used in conjunction with a case‐control study in which family history data are carefully recorded to examine and validate the observed association of any candidate genotype with disease. Its utility for this purpose is governed by the relative efficiency of the kin‐cohort analysis to test hypotheses about the relevant genotype‐disease odds ratios, which in turn depends strongly on various factors, notably the magnitude of the disease incidence rate and the prevalence of the aberrant genotype. In this study, we compare the efficiencies of the two analytic approaches, case‐control vs. kin‐cohort, and illustrate the results in the context of cancer epidemiology. The kin‐cohort analysis can provide substantial, important supplementary information for relatively common cancers such as breast, lung, colorectal, and prostate, and is also relatively efficient in general for the evaluation of the stronger and more rare genetic risk factors. Genet Epidemiol 24:220–229, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure in Adults

Background: Lumbar puncture (LP) is a widely-used investigative procedure. It allows relatively non-invasive measurement of intracranial pressure (ICP) which may have a significant impact on diagnosis and/or patient management. Over the years there has been considerable discussion about various aspects of the procedure, including what constitutes a normal opening pressure, what factors might influence this, and how LP is best performed. Evidence Acquisition: A review of the literature was carried out by searching PubMed and Medline, scanning relevant medical journals for recent publications, and carrying out secondary referencing and contacting other clinicians, where appropriate. Results: The normal range of ICP measured by LP in adults in a typical clinical setting should now be regarded as 6 to 25 cmH2O (95% confidence intervals), with a population mean of about 18 cmH2O. There is, however, considerable variability: some normal individuals have pressures of 30 cmH2O (or, occasionally, even higher) meaning that pressure measurements must be interpreted in the clinical context. Conclusions: This article aims to provide the practicing neuro-ophthalmologist with up-to-date information about the ways in which various factors can influence pressure measurements obtained at LP.
The Nonlinear and nonstationary Properties in EEG Signals: Probing the Complex Fluctuations by Hilbert-Huang Transform

The analysis of biological fluctuations provides an excellent route to probe the underlying mechanisms in maintaining internal homeostasis of the body, especially under the challenges of the ever-changing environment or disease processes. However, the features of nonlinearity and nonstationarity in physiological time series limit the reliability of the conventional analysis. Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT), based on nonlinear theory, is an innovative approach to extract the dynamic information at different time scales, in particular, from nonstationary signals. In this paper, HHT is introduced to analyze the alpha waves of human's electroencephalography (EEG), which seemly oscillate regularly between 8 and 12 Hz in healthy subject but getting irregular or disappeared in different demented status. Furthermore, conventional time–frequency analyses are adopted to collate the results from those methods and HHT. Finally, the potential usages of HHT are demonstrated in characterizing the biological signals qualitatively and quantitatively, including stationarity analysis, instantaneous frequency and amplitude modulation or correlation analysis. Such applications on EEG have successively disclosed the differences of alpha rhythms between normal and demented brains and the nonlinear characteristics of the underlying mechanisms. Hopefully, in addition to empower the studies of EEG varied in diseased, aging, and physiological processes, these methods might find other applications in EEG analysis.
Sistema Musicale Aureo Phi^(n/7) e connessioni matematiche tra Numeri Primi e “Paesaggio” della Teoria delle Stringhe.

Scopo del presente lavoro e quello di evidenziare le diverse e nuove connessioni matematiche che si sono ottenute tra il Sistema Musicale Aureo Phi^(n/7), i numeri primi, i numeri di Fibonacci e di Lucas ed il “Paesaggio” della Teoria delle Stringhe. In tale lavoro, inoltre, viene descritta una parte puramente musicale che e intimamente connessa con il numero aureo.
Inequalities in health expectancies at older ages in the European Union: findings from the Survey of Health and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)

Background Life expectancy gaps between Eastern and Western Europe are well reported with even larger variations in healthy life years (HLY). Aims To compare European countries with respect to a wide range of health expectancies based on more specific measures that cover the disablement process in order to better understand previous inequalities. Methods Health expectancies at age 50 by gender and country using Sullivan's method were calculated from the Survey of Health and Retirement in Europe Wave 2, conducted in 2006 in 13 countries, including two from Eastern Europe (Poland, the Czech Republic). Health measures included co-morbidity, physical functional limitations (PFL), activity restriction, difficulty with instrumental and basic activities of daily living (ADL), and self-perceived health. Cluster analysis was performed to compare countries with respect to life expectancy at age 50 (LE50) and health expectancies at age 50 for men and women. Results In 2006 the gaps in LE50 between countries were 6.1 years for men and 4.1 years for women. Poland consistently had the lowest health expectancies, however measured, and Switzerland the greatest. Polish women aged 50 could expect 7.4 years fewer free of PFL, 6.2 years fewer HLY, 5.5 years less without ADL restriction and 9.5 years less in good self-perceived health than the main group of countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden). Conclusions Substantial inequalities between countries were evident on all health expectancies. However, these differed across the disablement process which could indicate environmental, technological, healthcare or other factors that may delay progression from disease to disability.
A linear coding for transmitting a set of correlated signals

A coding scheme is described for the transmission of n continuous correlated signals over m channels, m being equal to or less than n . Each of the m signals is a linear combination of the n original signals. The coefficients of this linear transformation, which constitute an m \times n matrix, are constants of the coding scheme. For the purpose of decoding, the m signals are once more combined linearly into n output signals which approximate the input signals. The coefficients of the coding matrix which minimize the sum of the mean square differences between the original signals and the reconstructed ones are shown to be the components of the eigenvectors of the matrix of the correlation coefficients of the original signals. The decoding matrix is the transpose of the coding matrix. As an example, the coding scheme is applied to a channel vocoder in which speech is transmitted by means of a set of signals proportional to the speech energy in the various frequency bands. These signals are strongly correlated, and the coding results in a substantial reduction in the number of signals necessary to transmit highly articulate speech. The coding theory can be extended to include the minimization of the expectation of any positive definite quadratic function of the differences between the original and reconstructed signals. In addition, if the signals are Gaussian, the sum of the channel capacities necessary to transmit the transformed signals is shown to be equal to or less than that necessary to transmit the original signals.
Increased Alveolar Concentration of Nitric Oxide Is Related to Serum-induced Lung Fibroblast Proliferation in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis

Objective. Lung inflammation is present in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and interstitial lung disease (ILD), but the mechanisms linking inflammatory and fibrotic processes in ILD are unknown. Our aim was to investigate whether alveolar inflammation, reflected by increased alveolar concentration of exhaled nitric oxide (CANO), is related to the ability of serum from patients with SSc to induce pulmonary fibroblast proliferation (PFP) and myofibroblast conversion. Methods. CANO was measured in all subjects (37 patients with SSc and 10 healthy controls) whose sera were used to stimulate PFP (assessed by BrdU labeling index) and myofibroblast conversion (detected by α-smooth muscle actin expression). The PFP index in patients with SSc was compared to control values, and between patients with SSc who had elevated (> 4.3 ppb) and normal (≤ 4.3 ppb) CANO values. Results. Both CANO and the PFP index were significantly greater in patients with SSc compared to controls. In patients with SSc, the PFP index was directly related to CANO levels (r = 0.48; p = 0.002). The median PFP index was significantly higher in patients with SSc who had elevated CANO (> 4.3 ppb; n = 25, median 1.1, range 0.98–1.23) than in patients with SSc who had normal CANO (≤ 4.3 ppb; n = 12, median 0.93, range 0.82–1.08; p = 0.01). Similarly, myofibroblast conversion induced by SSc serum was significantly greater in patients with CANO > 4.3 ppb than in patients whose CANO was ≤ 4.3 ppb (p < 0.001) and controls (p < 0.001). Conclusion. Alveolar inflammation reflected by increased nitric oxide production was related to serum-induced PFP and myofibroblast conversion, linking the active alveolitis process to cell proliferation and lung fibrosis in patients with SSc.
The expression difference of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor in breast cancers with or without diabetes.

CONTEXT The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and insulin receptors' (IR) axes play important roles in both breast cancer and diabetes mellitus. AIM We tend to explore the expression characteristics of proteins in IGF/IR axis in breast cancer with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). SETTINGS AND DESIGN We conducted a case-control investigation of T2DM and non-diabetes (n = 40, 1:1) in breast cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Some important molecules of IGF/IR axis were detected in breast cancer tissues by immunohistochemical staining. The multivariable analyses of the relationship of clinicopathological characters with the significant molecules were also detected. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED The results were statistically evaluated by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 17.0) software. Chi-square test and logistic regression are used. RESULTS Higher expression of IGF 1 receptor (IGF1R) was found in breast cancers of patients with T2DM, compared those without diabetes (P = 0.044). Negative expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2) was found to be associated with higher expression of IGF1R in the breast cancers of patients with T2DM. There were no differences found in the expression of proteins of IGF-1, IGF-2, IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), IR, insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, IRS-2 and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) between T2DM group and non-diabetes group. CONCLUSION Our study found that breast cancer with T2DM had a higher expression of IGF1R, and the higher IGF1R was associated with negative Her2 expression.
Prevalence of Diabetes , Hypertension and Obesity among Doctors and Nurses in a Medical College Hospital in Tamil Nadu , India

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of death globally. Health of the doctors and nurses is critical because they must be healthy to perform their jobs optimally under challenging work environments. They are known to have a lifestyle that can make them highly vulnerable to Cardio-vascular diseases. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and obesity among doctors and nurses in a tertiary care medical college hospital in Tamil Nadu, India. Methods: Study DesignCross sectional study. Study Period -June and August 2013. Study Population & Area -Doctors and nurses between 18 and 65 years of age working at a tertiary care Medical College Hospital in Tamil Nadu. Visiting consultants and doctors and nurses who joined within one year of the start of data collection were excluded from the study. Sample Size and Sampling Technique250 doctors and nurses selected using a stratified random sampling technique. MethodologyEach study participant answered a specifically designed questionnaire. Blood Pressure, weight, height, waist circumference and hip circumference were measured using standard guidelines. Analysis-Simple measures of central tendency, dispersion and proportions were used to analyze the data. Results: Prevalence of Diabetes mellitus was found to be 25.4% among doctors and 5.6% among nurses. Prevalence of Hypertension was found to be 29.4% among doctors and 13.7% among nurses. Prevalence of overweight was found to be 36.5% among doctors and 12.9% among nurses. Prevalence of obesity was found to be 15.1% among doctors and 3.2% among nurses.
Fréquences des symptômes évoquant l'endométriose dans la population générale et les implications sur la pratique clinique des médecins généralistes

L'endometriose est une maladie chronique, progressive et frequente car sa prevalence est d'environ 10%. Son diagnostic est difficile et souvent retarde par rapport au debut des symptomes. Cette maladie est a la fois meconnue du grand public mais aussi des acteurs du systeme de soins. La banalisation des symptomes est souvent la cause d'un delai diagnostique de 8 a 12 ans, ce qui en fait une des pathologies ayant le plus grand retard au diagnostic. Le medecin generaliste, en tant que premier recours du systeme de soins, est le professionnel de sante que les femmes consultent avec la plus grande frequence, meme si le suivi gynecologique est assure par un gynecologue. De plus, il existe actuellement une carence demographique de gynecologues en France. Par consequent, un diagnostic precoce de l'endometriose ne peut se faire qu'avec la participation du medecin generaliste. Puisque tout retard diagnostic aggrave l'evolution et les consequences de l'endometriose, il est primordial de pouvoir distinguer les femmes qui sont le plus a risque d'endometriose et de determiner les raisons possibles du retard de prise en charge. Le but de notre etude est de definir, dans une population de patientes de medecine generale, a la fois la frequence des symptomes pouvant evoquer l'endometriose ainsi que la prevalence des femmes les plus a risque d'endometriose. Nous determinerons ainsi la vision que ces femmes ont de leurs symptomes et les reponses que le medecin generaliste leur a apportees.
Transient stability of the US Western Interconnection with high wind and solar generation

The addition of large amounts of wind and solar generation to bulk power systems that are traditionally subject to operating constraints set by transient limitations is the subject of considerable concern in the industry. The US Western Interconnection (WI) is expected to experience substantial additional growth in both wind and solar generation. These plants will, to some extent, displace large central station thermal generation, both coal and gas-fired, which have traditionally helped maintain stability. This paper reports the results of a study that investigated the transient stability of the WI with high penetrations of wind and solar generation. The main goals of this work were to (1) create a realistic, baseline model of the WI, (2) test selected transient stability events, (3) investigate the impact of large amounts of wind and solar generation, and (4) examine means to improve performance.
Prognostic Value of LISCH7 mRNA in Plasma and Tumor of Colon Cancer Patients

Purpose:LISCH7 is a gene potentially regulated by p53 that is up-regulated in metastasis development. Our hypothesis was that the expression of LISCH7 in primary colorectal tumors determined certain characteristics of the tumors, as well as their behavior, and that its identification in plasma could serve as a prognostic marker. Experimental Design: We tested this hypothesis in a series of 115 tumors and normal tissues and in 83 plasmas from patients with sporadic colorectal carcinomas, as well as in 20 healthy control plasmas in which the expression levels of the gene were measured by real-time PCR. The expression data were contrasted with clinicopathologic variables. Results: Although LISCH7 expression was not detected in any control plasma samples, it was positive in 25 (30.1%) plasmas from patients (P = 0.002). LISCH7 mRNA in plasma was significantly associated with the pathologic stage (P = 0.019), with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.008) and with vascular invasion (P = 0.005). Expression was not detected in any normal tissues but was detected in 80 tumor tissues, with a clear association found with vascular invasion (P = 0.027). Moreover, we show that LISCH7 was specifically expressed by the epithelial tumor cells. The adjusted overall survival study showed independent prognostic values for LISCH7 expression levels in tumor tissues (hazard ratio, 3.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.19-9.98). Conclusions: Our results suggest that LISCH7 is a good tumor marker whose expression levels could be considered as a poor prognosis factor in human colon cancer. Furthermore, plasma is suggested as a feasible source of nucleic acids for subsequent noninvasive prognostic studies.