Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of major trauma: quality-of-life outcomes are worse in women than in men, independent of mechanism and injury severity.

BACKGROUND The importance of gender differences in quality of life and psychologic morbidity after major trauma is a newly recognized focus of trauma outcomes research. The Trauma Recovery Project is a large, prospective, epidemiologic study designed to examine multiple outcomes after major trauma, including quality of life (QoL), and psychologic sequelae such as depression and early symptoms of acute stress reaction (SASR). The specific objectives of the present report are to examine gender differences in QoL outcomes and the early incidence of combined depression and SASR after injury, controlling for injury severity, specific body area injured, and mechanism. METHODS Between December 1, 1993, and September 1, 1996, 1,048 eligible trauma patients triaged to four participating trauma center hospitals in the San Diego Regionalized Trauma System were enrolled in the study. The enrollment criteria for the study included age 18 years and older, admission Glasgow Coma Scale score of 12 or greater, and length of stay greater than 24 hours. QoL outcome after trauma was measured after injury using the Quality of Well-being scale, a sensitive index to the well end of the functioning continuum (range, 0 = death to 1.000 = optimum functioning). Depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies scale. SASR was assessed using the Impact of Events scale. Patient outcomes were assessed at discharge and at 6, 12, and 18 months after discharge. RESULTS Women (n = 313) were significantly more likely to have poor QoL outcomes at follow-up than men (n = 735) (women vs. men: 12-month follow-up odds ratio [OR] = 2.2, p < 0.001; 18-month follow-up OR = 2.0, p < 0.001). Quality of Well-being scores at each of the 6-, 12-, and 18-month follow-up time points were markedly and significantly lower in women compared with men, independent of injury severity, serious and moderate injury status, lower extremity injury, intentional or unintentional injury type, and blunt or penetrating injury. Women were also significantly more likely to develop early combined depression and SASR at discharge (OR = 1.7, p < 0.01) and to have continuous depression throughout the 18-month follow-up period (OR = 2.3, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION These analyses provide further important and more detailed evidence that women are at risk of worse QoL outcomes and early psychologic morbidity after major trauma than men, independent of mechanism and injury severity. A better understanding of the impact of major trauma in men and women will be an important component of efforts to improve trauma care and long-term outcome in mature trauma systems.
Physiological function of PARbZip circadian clock‐controlled transcription factors

PARbZip proteins (proline and acidic amino acid‐rich basic leucine zipper) represent a subfamily of circadian transcription factors belonging to the bZip family. They are transcriptionally controlled by the circadian molecular oscillator and are suspected to accomplish output functions of the clock. In turn, PARbZip proteins control expression of genes coding for enzymes involved in metabolism, but also expression of transcription factors which control the expression of these enzymes. For example, these transcription factors control vitamin B6 metabolism, which influences neurotransmitter homeostasis in the brain, and loss of PARbZip function leads to spontaneous and sound‐induced epilepsy that are frequently lethal. In liver, kidney, and small intestine, PAR bZip transcription factors regulate phase I, II, and III detoxifying enzymes in addition to the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), one of the principal sensors of xenobiotics. Indeed, knockout mice for the three PARbZip transcription factors are deficient in xenobiotic detoxification and display high morbidity, high mortality, and accelerated aging. Finally, less than 20% of these animals reach an age of 1 year. Accumulated evidences suggest that PARbZip transcription factors play a role of relay, coupling circadian metabolism of xenobiotic and probably endobiotic substances to the core clock circuitry of local circadian oscillators.
Axonal conduction velocity changes following muscle tenotomy or deafferentation during development in the rat.

1. The conduction velocities of axons supplying the intertransverse caudal muscles of 8‐week‐old rats were measured. The distribution of conduction velocities was found to be similar to the more commonly studied hind‐limb innervation. 2. In animals in which the intertransverse caudal muscles had been tenotomized at birth, however, the conduction velocities attained by both the sensory and the motor nerves by 8 weeks of age were significantly reduced. 3. This effect is limited to growing animals since tenotomy of the intertransverse caudal muscles for the same period in adults had no effect on axonal conduction velocity. 4. Deafferentation of normal intertransverse caudal muscles during development also significantly reduced the conduction velocities attained by the motor innervation, to the same extent as tenotomy had done. 5. These results are discussed in relation to the role of impulse traffic in the development of neuronal dimensions.
Adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins can differentiate betweenhuman bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells and fibroblasts

Mesenchymal stem or stromal cells (MSC) contribute in vivo to wound repair and can be utilized for tissue regeneration. In contrast, fibroblasts may contribute to scar formation and may even hamper functional regeneration. Depending on the clinical application, MSC are sometimes attached to a scaffold to maintain the cells in the area of regeneration. We therefore screened for proteins that allow a preferential binding of MSC and avoid strong adherence of fibroblasts. The human MSC were isolated from bone marrow (bmMSC) or term placenta (pMSC). Synovial fibroblasts (SF) and dermal fibroblasts (DF) served as controls. In the first set of experiments, binding of bmMSC and SF to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins was investigated by multiple substrate array (MSA®). From MSA® protein analyses 57 peptides with potential MSC-binding sites were selected and the binding of the cells to these peptides was determined. We report that MSC differ from fibroblasts in their binding to proteins of the extracellular matrix. MSC bind with higher efficiency to laminin-111, collagens-I, -III, and -IV and tenascin-C compared to fibroblasts, while both cell types bind with high efficiency to fibronectin, vitronectin, and laminin-511. We conclude that overall MSC seem less selective with respect to binding extracellular matrix components compared to fibroblasts, and fibroblasts attach to fewer proteins and peptides.
Transmyocardial Revascularization: Defining Its Role

Low-powered lasers were first used in the 1980s to produce transventricular channels as an adjunct to coronary artery bypass surgery. High-powered lasers, which were introduced in the 1990s, are powerful enough to create transmyocardial channels with minimal damage to surrounding tissues. Clinical studies were first carried out in patients with inoperable coronary artery disease and angina pectoris refractory to medical therapy. Based on these studies, the Food and Drug Administration granted approval of transmyocardial revascularization (TMR) as a sole therapy. Recently, TMR has been combined with coronary artery bypass surgery and 2 types of laser systems are currently available which have not been compared. The results of clinical trials provide contrasting findings regarding benefit, and the procedure is associated with potential morbidity and mortality risk. Furthermore, the mechanism of action of TMR remains undefined. Additional studies need to be done with TMR to assess whether it is a useful treatment or an addition to the list of placebo therapies initially thought to have been of benefit in the therapy for angina pectoris.
A planar microstrip metamaterial resonator using split ring dual at Ku-Band

This paper introduces a new planar microstrip metamaterial resonator, the novelty of this paper lays in its unit cell design. The unit cell is formed by connecting metallic traces of two edge coupled split ring resonators to form the infinity symbol on one side of the substrate, and an array of conducting wires on the other. An RLC equivalent model of the structure is also proposed, it can be advantageous to use this model to identify the resonant frequency along with the root of the negative permeability and negative permittivity. The model shows resonance at 17 GHz. The structure was designed and simulated using EM solver Ansys HFSS, the extracted s­-parameter matrix was analyzed to determine the effective permittivity, permeability and index of refraction. The structure shows negative values for effective e, µ at resonant frequency 16.5 GHz. At frequencies where both the recovered real parts of e and µ are simultaneously negative, the real part of the index of refraction is also found to be negative. Key words: Microstrip metamaterial, negative refraction, permittivity, permeability, RLC circuit.
Sensor Fusion Based Fuzzy Rules Learning for Humanitarian Mine Detection

In this paper, a sensor fusion based fuzzy rules for humanitarian demining are presented. A fuzzy learning algorithm for extracting fuzzy fusion rules from experimental data of robot-manipulated ground penetrating radar (GPR) and metal detector (MD) is presented. The inputs to the fuzzy learning algorithm are features extracted from both a GPR and an MD while its output is a set of fuzzy rules. Applying the learnt fuzzy fusion rules and knowing GPR and the MD features of a given scan, it is possible to decide if there is a land mine and its approximate depth underground. The features chosen for this fusion algorithm are the peak amplitude of a processed GPR output signal and the peak value of the cumulative sum of amplitudes of MD output signal for the same scanned area. Experimental test results are presented for verifying the validity of the proposed learnt fuzzy fusion rule base
Attitudes toward Interdependence among Persons and Psychological Health

Although a variety of psychological theorists have posited that a central aspect of psychological health is the ability to join with other persons in cooperative efforts to achieve mutually desired goals, there is little direct evidence linking the social psychological literature on cooperation with the personality literature on psychological health. An exploratory study was conducted to examine the relationship between attitudes toward cooperation, competition, and individualism and psychological health as indicated by the MMPI. Subjects were 70 white, middle-class, high-school seniors in a midwestern suburban community. Attitudes toward cooperation were significantly negatively correlated with 8 of the 10 clinical MMPI scales and with a variety of the research MMPI scales. Attitudes toward competition were significantly negatively correlated with 7 of the 10 clinical MMPI scales and with a variety of the research MMPI scales. Attitudes toward individualism were positively correlated with 9 of the 10 clinical MMPI scales and with a variety of the research MMPI scales.
Oxygen Free Radical Damage to DNA

Cyclopurine deoxynucleosides are common DNA lesions generated by exposure to reactive oxygen species under hypoxic conditions. The S and R diastereoisomers of cyclodeoxyadenosine on DNA were investigated separately for their ability to block 3′ to 5′ exonucleases. The mammalian DNA-editing enzyme DNase III (TREX1) was blocked by both diastereoisomers, whereas only the S diastereoisomer was highly efficient in preventing digestion by the exonuclease function of T4 DNA polymerase. Digestion in both cases was frequently blocked one residue before the modified base. Oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing a cyclodeoxyadenosine residue were further employed as templates for synthesis by human DNA polymerase η (pol η). pol η could catalyze translesion synthesis on the R diastereoisomer of cyclodeoxyadenosine. On the S diastereoisomer, pol η could catalyze the incorporation of one nucleotide opposite the lesion but could not continue elongation. Although pol η preferentially incorporated dAMP opposite the R diastereoisomer, elongation continued only when dTMP was incorporated, suggesting bypass of this lesion by pol η with reasonable fidelity. With theS diastereoisomer, pol η mainly incorporated dAMP or dTMP opposite the lesion but could not elongate even after incorporating a correct nucleotide. These data suggest that the Sdiastereoisomer may be a more cytotoxic DNA lesion than theR diastereoisomer.
On the Impact of Time-Zero Variability, Variable NBTI, and Stochastic TDDB on SRAM Cells

We propose a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation framework for circuits taking into account the time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) statistics along with time-0 variability and variable negative-bias temperature instability (NBTI) under circuit operating conditions in SPICE environment. MC simulation is performed with the proposed framework for ~100k static random access memory (SRAM) cells using experimentally calibrated device-level degradation distribution. Cell performance degradation is compared for both planar and FinFET-based SRAM cells. It is shown that TDDB can significantly impact the SRAM failure probability even under usual circuit operation. It is reported that FinFET-based cells show far more robustness toward cell performance degradation than their planar counterparts.
Viral Infections Activate Types I and III Interferon Genes through a Common Mechanism*

Viral infections trigger innate immune responses, including the production of type I interferons (IFN-α and -β) and other proinflammatory cytokines. Novel antiviral cytokines IFN-λ1, IFN-λ2, and IFN-λ3 are classified as type III IFNs and have evolved independently of type I IFNs. Type III IFN genes are regulated at the level of transcription and induced by viral infection. Although the regulatory mechanism of type I IFNs is well elucidated, the expression mechanism of IFN-λs is not well understood. Here, we analyzed the mechanism by which IFN-λ gene expression is induced by viral infections. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments revealed the involvement of RIG-I (retinoic acid-inducible gene I), IPS-1, TBK1, and interferon regulatory factor-3, key regulators of the virus-induced activation of type I IFN genes. Consistent with this, a search for the cis-regulatory element of the human ifnλ1 revealed a cluster of interferon regulatory factor-binding sites and a NF-κB-binding site. Functional analysis demonstrated that all of these sites are essential for gene activation by the virus. These results strongly suggest that types I and III IFN genes are regulated by a common mechanism.
Effects of formulation and operating variables on Zanamivir dry powder inhalation characteristics and aerosolization performance

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of formulation and operating variables on the physical characteristics and aerosolization performance of zanamivir spary-dried powders for inhalation. Spray-dried samples of zanamivir, zanamivir/mannitol and zanamivir/mannitol/leucine were prepared from their corresponding aqueous solutions under the same conditions to study the influence of the composition, and zanamivir/mannitol/leucine (1/1/3 by weight) formulation was used for investigation of the effect of the preparation process. Dry powders were characterized afterwards for different physical properties, including morphology, particle size, flowability, density and moisture absorption. The in vitro deposition was also evaluated after the aerosolization of powders at 100 L min−1 via the Aerolizer® into a Next Generation Impactor (NGI). The highest FPF of 41.40 ± 1.1% was obtained with a zanamivir/mannitol/leucine ratio of 1/1/3, which had an average Dg of 3.11 ± 0.13 μm and an angle of repose of 36° ± 1. It was found that the influence of the preparation process on zanamivir spary-dried powders characteristics and aerosolization properties was relatively small, but the influence of the composition was relatively large. Optimization of DPI can be achieved by selecting the most appropriate formulation and preparation process.
Adverse Drug Reaction

Purpose: The UK’s ‘Yellow Card Scheme’ for reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) has been operating for 50 years, but reporting rates by community pharmacists remain low. The aim of the study was therefore to investigate the views and experiences of ADR reporting by community pharmacists in Wales, with a particular focus on the potential barriers and facilitators to reporting. Methods: Following Ethics approval and piloting, a self-complete questionnaire was mailed to all registered community pharmacies in Wales, UK (n=713). A follow-up mailing was sent to non-responders after two weeks. Results: A response rate of 52% (n=372) was achieved, of whom 57% had never submitted a yellow card. Key barriers to reporting were not seeing ADRs, difficulty identifying the causative drug, not being sure which ADRs to report and lack of time. Key facilitators were being able to report through dispensary software and having clearer guidelines about what to report. Differences between those who had previously reported ADRs and those who had not suggested lack of confidence and uncertainty about what to report were more of a barrier for non-reporters. Conversely, reporters wanted feedback on reports, ability to keep reports on their dispensary records and remuneration to aid them with reporting. Conclusions: While the respondents generally expressed positive attitudes towards ADR reporting, a number of barriers and potential facilitators were nevertheless identified. Clearer support and guidance for reporting, such as through a ‘champions’ scheme similar to that run in Welsh hospitals may help current non-reporters to engage.
Addressing the heart failure epidemic: from mechanical circulatory support to stem cell therapy

v TABLE OF CONTENTS.viii LIST OF FIGURES.x INTRODUCTION . 1 THE HEART FAILURE EPIDEMIC . 6 Definition and Diagnosis.6 Classifications.10 Epidemiology . 13 CURRENT TECHNOLOGY & TREATING HF . 18 Non-Surgical Device Treatments . 20 Mechanical Circulatory Support.24 Ventricular Assist Devices.26
Non-mydriatic panoramic fundus imaging using a non-contact scanning laser-based system.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE A non-contact scanning laser-based retinal imaging system produces a 200 degrees wide-field panoramic image of the fundus through the novel use of a large elliptical mirror. The authors investigated whether accurate diagnoses could be made from these images alone. PATIENTS AND METHODS Images were obtained from both eyes of arbitrarily selected patients and were retrospectively reviewed by retinal specialists. Each physician made a diagnosis, suggested the follow-up interval, and determined whether any intervention was needed based solely on image review. Diabetic retinopathy was categorized as background retinopathy only, preproliferative retinopathy, maculopathy, and proliferative retinopathy. The results of the image review were then compared with the results of clinical examination, and the sensitivity and specificity of the review were calculated. RESULTS The correct overall diagnosis was made by the two specialists in 87% and 77% of cases, respectively; the specificity and sensitivity each averaged 76%. Follow-up interval recommendations from image review matched those made on clinical examination in 86% of cases. Diabetic retinopathy was correctly identified as a general diagnosis with a sensitivity of 94% and the follow-up recommendations corresponded to the clinical recommendations in 82%. Sixty-two percent of the images were judged to be of good quality or better, with only 6.4% deemed unreadable. Iris color did not influence image quality. CONCLUSION The non-contact scanning laser-based retinal imaging system provides images of sufficient resolution and clarity to make accurate general diagnoses in a high percentage of cases. Its use as a screening device for specific diseases is feasible and merits further study.
Spatial Structure of Brain Electric Fields during Intermittent Photic Stimulation

EEG changes in 27 young healthy male right-handed volunteers on intermittent photic stimulation (IPS) were estimated using global field power (GFP), EEG microstate modeling and analysis (EMMA), and low-resolution electromagnetic brain tomography (LORETA). The GFP significantly increased at flashing frequency and high harmonics. Three model maps were extracted with the EMMA procedure, from which high alternation rates of each microstate were observed. Moreover, two of the three model maps contributed very highly, occurring most frequently. LORETA imaging of the three model maps obtained from the EMMA procedure showed that both visual dominant cortical areas were activated, especially in the left hemisphere. These results suggest that IPS does not cause peculiar spatial configurations of the brain electric field, but does cause acceleration and deviation of the microstate alternation. Also, a functional laterality between hemispheres might be enhanced by symmetric IPS.
Cytokines in alcoholic and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

Cytokines are pleiotropic regulatory peptides that can be produced by virtually every nucleated cell in the body, including most types of liver cells.1,2 The cytokine family consists of several subfamilies: the interleukins, the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family, interleukin-6 and related cytokines, interferons, chemokines such as interleukin-8, transforming growth factor β, colony-stimulating factors, and others. In most tissues, including the liver, constitutive production of cytokines is absent or minimal. However, as physiologic and pathologic stimuli activate cells, the production of these autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine effector molecules increases, and they, in turn, orchestrate the tissue's response to the stimulus.
Interrelationships between strains of Salmonella enteritidis

In contrast to S. typhimurium [19], S. enteritidis is a serotype which has its primary food-animal reservoir in poultry. To date, phage typing has been of paramount importance in studying the epidemiology of this serotype and in particular, has demonstrated the involvement of both poultry meat and whole shell eggs in the transmission of S. enteritidis PT4 to humans. The findings discussed above describe various aspects of the serotype, particularly in relation to the involvement of both LPS and plasmids in its virulence and phage type identity (Fig. 2). These findings have led to an increased understanding of the biology of this serotype, which is of major importance in human food-poisoning in England and Wales at the present time.