Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integrating care by implementation of bundled payments: results from a national survey on the experience of Dutch dietitians

Introduction In the Netherlands, bundled payments were introduced as part of a strategy to redesign chronic care delivery. Under this strategy new entities of health care providers in primary care are negotiating with health insurers about the price for a bundle of services for several chronic conditions. This study evaluates the level of involvement of primary health care dietitians in these entities and the experienced advantages and disadvantages. Methods In August 2011, a random sample of 800 Dutch dietitians were invited by email to complete an online questionnaire (net response rate 34%). Results Two-thirds participated in a diabetes disease management programme, mostly for diabetes care, financed by bundled payments (n=130). Positive experiences of working in these programmes were an increase in: multidisciplinary collaboration (68%), efficiency of health care (40%) and transparency of health care quality (25%). Negative aspects were an increase in administrative tasks (61%), absence of payment for patients with comorbidity (38%) and concerns about substitution of care (32%). Discussion/conclusion Attention is needed for payment of patients with co- or multi-morbidity within the bundled fee. Substitution of dietary care by other disciplines needs to be further examined since it may negatively affect the quality of treatment. Task delegation and substitution of care may require other competencies from dietitians. Further development of coaching and negotiation skills may help dietitians prepare for the future.
Noradrenergic innervation of the developing and mature septal area of the rat

ABSTRACT The noradrenergic innervation of the developing and mature septal area of the rat was examined with light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry using an antibody against dopamine‐β‐hydroxylase. At birth, a small number of relatively thick noradrenergic fibers were found to innervate the lateral septum (mainly its intermediate part) and the nuclei of the vertical and horizontal limbs of the diagonal band of Broca. By postnatal day 7, a substantial increase in their density was observed. At this age some labeled fibers left the medial forebrain bundle and invaded the nucleus of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band. These fibers then ran in a ventrodorsal direction and innervated the nucleus of the vertical limb before entering the medial septum. Immunoreactive fibers were finer and more varicose than at birth. In the subsequent 2 weeks, the density of labeled fibers in the septal area was further increased. By postnatal day 21, the distribution pattern and density of the noradrenergic innervation appeared similar to the adult. In the adult, noradrenergic fibers exhibited more varicosities than in younger rats. Electron microscopic analysis revealed a low proportion (peaked at P7) of noradrenergic varicosities engaged in synaptic contacts throughout development. The overwhelming majority of these synapses were symmetrical, predominantly with small or medium‐sized dendrites. The present findings provide the morphological basis for the functional interactions between noradrenergic afferents and neuronal elements in the septal area. The low proportion of synaptic contacts found in this study suggests that noradrenaline may exert its action in the septal area mainly through transmission by diffusion (volume transmission), as has been suggested for other areas of the developing and adult brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 476:80–90, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of Polluted Air-Masses Advection on Atmospheric Particles in a Semi-Rural Site in South Italy by SEM-EDX Analysis

ABSTRACTThe variation of aerosol properties under polluted air masses advection was studied in a semi-rural site in South Italy, by means of SEM-EDX analysis performed on particles collected on 13-stages impactor filters. Radiometric measurements, HYSPLIT back-trajectories and NAAPS maps helped to choose four measurement days of polluted air mass circulation, two of them collected in the warm season (31 July 2008, 16 September 2010) and two in the cold one (16 April 2009, 18 March 2010). Polluted aerosol characteristics were compared to those under background (BG) conditions (8 February 2011), highlighting differences in the particles chemical and morphological properties. One of the signatures of the air mass transport in the coarse fraction was the higher content of particles containing S, i.e., S-reacted, (27.5% on average) in comparison with BG conditions (1%). Two main sources of transported aerosols were identified: industrial processes and biomass burning, with fly ash, metal and S-rich particles in the first case, and K-salts and nitrate-coated Ca-bearing-particles in the second. Single particle analysis on the coarse fraction allowed large agglomerates of soot to be identified, with inclusions of silicate particles rich in Cu and Zn, Ca-S, fly ash and metals particles that are a clear indication of extensive modifications of aerosol size, chemical composition and, likely, radiative properties. In finer stages (EAD ≤ 0.94 µm) concurrent collection of organic and inorganic particles originated an agglomerate state matter mainly characterized by K and S for polluted conditions and by K only for BG.
Supply Chain Contracting for After-sales Service and Product Support

markdownabstractAbstract Over the past decades, business model innovation in product and its service has been growing rapidly, especially for durable goods. Companies shift their strategies from selling physical products to delivering solutions and performance for customers. Within this context, the outcome-based service contracts, such as Performance-based Logistics and Power-by-the-Hour, have been developed in both public and commercial industry. At the same time, traditional service contracts such as Warranty and Time & Material contracts are still being used in many occasions. Under various business models, managing the after-sales service and product support becomes increasingly challenging. In this thesis, we study several important service contracting problems concerning optimal design of contract terms, spare parts inventory and service capacity management, and service outsourcing management. We provide managerial insights for selecting the best service contract, choosing the right performance measurement, optimally managing the service resources (spare parts and repair capacity), and incentivizing the supplier to improve the profit of the after-sales service and product support supply chains.
Design af økonomistyring: Balanced Scorecard eller Budgetlægning

Denne artikel beskriver, hvorledes økonomistyring skal designes med udgangspunkt i en forståelse for, hvorledes modeller og teknikker har forskellige roller i den samlede økonomistyringsmodel. Det diskuteres, hvordan formålet med modellerne afgør, om de er komplementære eller alternativer og det vises, hvordan forskellige typer økonomistyringsmodeller (styrings-, omkostningsog kalkulationsmodeller) er relateret til hinanden. Budgettet er det centrale omdrejningspunkt for virksomhedens økonomistyring, men der indgår mange andre elementer i økonomistyringen. I særdeleshed anvender mange virksomheder styring efter mål og målsætninger, hvilket ofte sker inden for rammerne af balanced scorecard. Derfor sætter denne artikel fokus på budgettets rolle budgettet i relation til balanced scorecard. Artiklen er motiveret af Kaplan & Norton’s bog The Execution Premium, der præsenterer en integreret model for, hvordan forskellige elementer af virksomhedens økonomistyring indgår i de ledelsesmæssige processer. Derfor vil de centrale elementer i denne bog blive præsenteret og det vil blive diskuteret, hvorledes de traditionelle danske økonomistyringsmodeller indgår i en integreret forståelse for økonomistyringens design.
Modulation of Ethylene Responses Affects Plant Salt-Stress Responses1[OA]

Ethylene signaling plays important roles in multiple aspects of plant growth and development. Its functions in abiotic stress responses remain largely unknown. Here, we report that alteration of ethylene signaling affected plant salt-stress responses. A type II ethylene receptor homolog gene NTHK1 (Nicotiana tabacum histidine kinase 1) from tobacco (N. tabacum) conferred salt sensitivity in NTHK1-transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants as judged from the phenotypic change, the relative electrolyte leakage, and the relative root growth under salt stress. Ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid suppressed the salt-sensitive phenotype. Analysis of Arabidopsis ethylene receptor gain-of-function mutants further suggests that receptor function may lead to salt-sensitive responses. Mutation of EIN2, a central component in ethylene signaling, also results in salt sensitivity, suggesting that EIN2-mediated signaling is beneficial for plant salt tolerance. Overexpression of the NTHK1 gene or the receptor gain-of-function activated expression of salt-responsive genes AtERF4 and Cor6.6. In addition, the transgene NTHK1 mRNA was accumulated under salt stress, suggesting a posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism. These findings imply that ethylene signaling may be required for plant salt tolerance.
FLIES AND DISEASE.

In 1914, Cambridge Press published two books dealing with flies and their relationship to disease. One of these, by E. Hindle, dealt exclusively with bloodsucking flies, while the other book, by G. S. GrahamSmith, was concerned mainly with non-bloodsucking flies. The importance of bloodsucking flies in transmission of diseases is recognized, but little' importance is given to the non-bloodsucking flies and the role they playas vectors.
The Training Needs of School Library Staff for Service Delivery to Disabled Students

Staff development programs dealing with library service to students with disabilities are scarce. A four-year study that evaluated school library services offered to disabled students in two Australian states considered staff development needs. The study assessed the availability of staff development activities for school library staff that would assist them in teaching, communicating, and providing for the information needs of disabled students. Results showed that there were limited opportunities for school librarians to participate in such programs beyond those offered in individual schools to the teaching staff as a whole. There is a need for library-specific staff development programs that cover policy formulation, collection development, and adaptive technology aspects of library services for disabled students. Professional education courses should also cover this area as an integrated element of the core curriculum. A model for staff development programs is suggested.
A Spelling Correction Program Based on a Noisy Channel Model

This paper describes a new program, correct, which takes words rejected by the Unix® spell program, proposes a list of candidate corrections, and sorts them by probability. The probability scores are the novel contribution of this work. Probabilities are based on a noisy channel model. It is assumed that the typist knows what words he or she wants to type but some noise is added on the way to the keyboard (in the form of typos and spelling errors). Using a classic Bayesian argument of the kind that is popular in the speech recognition literature (Jelinek, 1985), one can often recover the intended correction, c, from a typo, t, by finding the correction c that maximizes Pr(c) Pr(t/c). The first factor, Pr(c), is a prior model of word probabilities; the second factor, Pr(t/c), is a model of the noisy channel that accounts for spelling transformations on letter sequences (e.g., insertions, delections, substitutions and reversals). Both sets of probabilities were trained on data collected from the Associated Press (AP) newswire. This text is ideally suited for this purpose since it contains a large number of typos (about two thousand per month).
Operative Treatment of Peripheral Lymphedema: A Systematic Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy and Safety of Lymphovenous Microsurgery and Tissue Transplantation

Background: The purpose of this study was to quantify the efficacy and safety of microsurgery for lymphedema through a systematic meta-analysis, which has not been described before. Methods: A literature search was conducted to identify all articles involving microsurgical treatment of lymphedema. Studies meeting criteria for inclusion were rated on methodologic quality based on the American Society of Plastic Surgeons levels of evidence. Demographic information, cause of lymphedema, and surgical technique were recorded. Quantitative change in lymphedema and perioperative complications were noted. Results: Twenty-seven studies were included, with 24 offering level IV evidence and three offering level III evidence. Lymphovenous shunt procedures were performed in 22 studies and lymph node transplantation was performed in five. Excess circumference was reduced by 48.8 ± 6.0 percent, and absolute circumference was reduced by 3.31 ± 0.73 cm. Studies reporting change in volume demonstrated reduction in excess volume by 56.6 ± 9.1 percent, and absolute volume was reduced by 23.6 ± 2.1 percent. The incidence of no improvement in lymphedema postoperatively was 11.8 percent, and 91.2 percent of patients reported subjective improvement. Approximately 64.8 percent of patients discontinued compression garments at follow-up. Complications included operative-site infection (4.7 percent), lymphorrhea (7.7 percent), reexploration for flap congestion (2.7 percent), and additional procedures (22.6 percent). Conclusions: Operative interventions for peripheral lymphedema appear to provide consistent quantitative improvements postoperatively, with a relatively wide safety margin. Lymph node transplantation may provide better outcomes compared with lymphovenous shunt, but well-designed head-to-head comparisons are needed to evaluate this further. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, III.
A Role for XRCC 4 in Age at Diagnosis and Breast Cancer Risk

Genetic variants in DNA repair genes influence the ability to repair damaged DNA. Unrepaired or improperly repaired DNA may lead to genetic instability and carcinogenesis. We evaluated the role of four tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tSNP) in the DNA repair gene, XRCC4 , and its association with breast cancer risk and age at diagnosis of breast cancer in 464 cases and 576 controls selected to be BRCA1/2 mutation negative from high-risk Utah pedigrees. We observed a significant association for two 4-locus tSNP haplotypes and age at diagnosis. Carriage of one haplotype was associated with later diagnosis (haplotype frequency, 0.039; mean age at diagnosis, 67.17 years; P = 0.001), and carriage of the other was associated with earlier diagnosis (haplotype frequency, 0.214; mean age at diagnosis, 54.04 years; P = 0.0085). For breast cancer risk, two 2-locus tSNP haplotypes explained the observed association as well as extended four-locus haplotypes. The two 2-locus haplotypes were nominally associated with breast cancer risk, one for reduced risk (odds ratio, 0.57; 95% confidence interval, 0.36-0.90; P = 0.014) and one for increased risk (odds ratio, 1.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.67; P = 0.033). Moreover, one of the tSNPs is in strong linkage disequilibrium (D ¶ = 1.00) with an XRCC4 SNP found to be significantly associated with breast cancer risk in Taiwan, hence, confirming their findings. Our results suggest that XRCC4 may play a role in the age at diagnosis and risk of breast cancer in non-BRCA1/2, heritable breast cancer cases. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(7):1306–10)
Governance Issues in Mixed-Fisheries Management: An Analysis of Stakeholder Views

planning, long-term advice and mixed-fisheries advice, ecosystem advice developed within the STECF. Commission Scientist: Well, I'd have to admit that's the way things have been going in the past couple of years, but it’s not a good break. And we'd much prefer ICES to take up the challenges of dealing with this business properly from top to bottom. Interviewer: Why? Why is that? Commission Scientist: Well, it doesn't make a lot of sense to have our advisory activities split across three different areas. ICES for one part, STECF for another and the third layer will be this EC/Norway expert group. We'd start getting contradictory advice and you can find that you start to need one group to give advice on what other remedies has done, which also wastes time and slows the process down, especially when essentially the same people have to attend the meeting in different places. and not replace key management measures. Generally, such measures should be applied in areas where concentrations of juveniles are congregated (by-catch hotspots), where spawning aggregations can be found, or when fish are in post-spawning recovery (BSRAC 2008). you look at catch composition you may decide it is bycatch when it is not. We should not try to make distinctions between bycatch and targeted fisheries ( ACFM, October 2003, Observer’s notes). operate with those ‘days at sea', you have to say that the rules cannot be the same for a trawler and a net boat. Of course they cannot be the same. But once you've been put into boxes, it is just so difficult to come and say "I would actually like to try and do something different from what I used to do". You cannot do that. It's over. If you have not been in Kattegat fishing, then you will never come into Kattegat fishing. I have 18 fleets and 62 métiers. Not only between institutes but within institutes there are different ways of compiling data. The people that do it for WGs are not the same as those who do it for STECF. (Observer’s Notes, Meeting of the Study Group on Mixed Fisheries Management, SGMIXMAN).
The growth of the pelvis in the rat; a mensural and morphological study.

In contrast with the long bones and the skull, the pelvis has rarely been the subject of growth studies. This is surprising in view of the obstetric importance of this part of the skeleton and the theoretical interest which should attach to a structure whose parts, growing essentially like long bones, jointly have to surround an expanding cavity like the skull bones. In this paper four aspects of pelvic growth have been studied, viz. (1) the sites, rates, and amounts of growth in the os innominatum and sacrum; (2) the maturation of the acetabulum; (3) the structure of the sacro-iliac joint; and (4) the development of the sacral intervertebral discs. The literature relating to these aspects of pelvic growth is scanty and is covered essentially by the work of Strong (1925), Payton (1935), and Bateman (1954), whose observations will be discussed later.
Firm Level Patterns in Merchandise Trade

In this paper we examine patterns of merchandise exporting at both the firm level (1996-2005) and the product level (1988-2005). The presentation is descriptive, and is intended to frame future analysis of the determinants and impact of observed trading behaviour. There are two main points of focus: the degree of concentration in export products, partners, and firms; and the dynamics of trade relationship entry and exit, where trade relationships can be defined according to the product, country or firm concerned, or a combination of the three. The main contribution is the development of a decomposition of export value growth into that coming from new entries, exits and continuing exporters and export relationships. Future work will examine the causal relationships underlying observed patterns of export market entry and exit, and the impact that these dynamics have on firm performance.
Face recognition based on facial landmark detection

This paper presents a novel technique for face recognition based on facial landmarks extracted automatically. Our landmarks are those associated with eyes mouth and nose. With the extracted landmarks, the area triplets and the associated geometric invariance are formed. We opt to use area and triangle confined within the triangle as the invariance. To bypass the perspective constraints, we take the face image with high focal length and at the farther distance. Orthogonal projection and Euclidean transformation are then assumed. As area is relative invariance under Euclidean transformation, the absolute area ratios between consecutive area triples are applied. Our purposed algorithm is tested successfully to identify person and could be a promising technique for facial recognition.
Pwned by the Internet: Explorative research into the causes and consequences of compulsive internet use

textabstractThe first internet service provider (ISP) in the Netherlands (XS4ALL) started to provide internet access to private persons in 1993. A few years later, in 1996, less than 5% of the Dutch households had internet access. Now, 10 years later, this figure has risen to nearly 80%, which implies that about 11,000,000 Dutch inhabitants now have access to the internet (CBS, 2005). Worldwide, the internet penetration is about 16%, which corresponds with about 1,000,000,000 internet users. The Netherlands, therefore, is one of the countries with the highest internet penetrations, together with countries like the USA, Canada, Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Singapore, and the Scandinavian countries (http://www.internetworldstats.com). Also, with regard to the dissemination of broadband access, the Netherlands is among the top 5 countries in the world with about 70% of the households having internet access using an ADSL or cable modem (CBS, 2005).
New Intelligent Semiconductor Transformer With Bidirectional Power-Flow Capability

This letter proposes a new intelligent semiconductor transformer (IST) which consists of a bidirectional ac/dc resonant converter, dc/dc converter, and dc/ac converter. This structure provides good voltage-balancing performance on the high-voltage side and a simple control method for bidirectional power flow. The proposed IST was verified though building and testing a single-phase 2 kVA (1.9 kV rms/127 V rms) prototype. A three-phase transformer can be implemented with three units of the proposed IST.
Antifungal activity of itraconazole and voriconazole against clinical isolates obtained from animals with mycoses.

Animal mycosis, particularly deep mycosis, is one of the most challenging conditions encountered by veterinarians. Pathogens causing mycotic infections in animals include fungi such as Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida spp. , and Aspergillus spp. The antifungal drugs used for the treatment of deep mycoses in animals as well as humans are polyenes and azoles. However, the sensitivity of clinical isolates obtained from animals toward these drugs has rarely been assayed. In this study, the antifungal activities of itraconazole and voriconazole against clinical isolates of C. neoformans, Candida spp. , and A. fumigatus isolated from animals with mycoses were examined using the broth microdilution method performed according to the guidelines provided by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of itraconazole toward the C. neoformans, Candida spp. , and A. fumigatus isolates were 0.125 - 1, 0.125 - 2, and 0.25 - 2 microg/ml, respectively, and those of voriconazole were 0.0625 - 0.5, < or =0.0313 - 0.0625, and 0.0625 - 1 microg/ml, respectively. The results of the MIC analyses implied that the fungal isolates obtained from infected animals exhibit an equivalent degree of susceptibility to itraconazole and voriconazole, as is observed in the case of isolates obtained from humans. The appropriate antifungal therapeutic strategy for the treatment of mycoses in animals must be selected taking into consideration the host immune status and organ function as well as the in vitro sensitivity of the pathogens to antifungal drugs.