Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulation of the Genes Encoding Interleukin‐6, Its Receptor, and gp130 in the Rat Brain in Response to the Immune Activator Lipopolysaccharide and the Proinflammatory Cytokine Interleukin‐1β

Abstract: Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is a pleiotropic cytokine believed to play key roles in the neuroimmune interactions. This molecule may act on the nervous system by interacting with its specific receptor subunit (IL‐6R) and the signal transducer gp130. The purposes of the present study were to describe the central distribution of IL‐6, IL‐6R, and gp130 mRNAs under basal conditions and to verify the influence of the immune activator lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) on the expression of IL‐6 and its related genes throughout the rat brain. Rats were killed at multiple times after intraperitoneal injection of the bacterial endotoxin and intravenous administration of the recombinant rat IL‐1β (rrIL‐1β), and their brains were cut into 30‐µm coronal sections from the olfactory bulb to the end of the medulla. Each transcript was localized by in situ hybridization histochemistry using 35S‐labeled rat riboprobes. The results show that IL‐6 mRNA was undetectable in the brain under basal conditions and following the injection of rrIL‐1β. Injection of LPS rapidly stimulated transcription of this gene in the choroid plexus and the sensorial circumventricular organs (CVOs), including the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (OVLT), subfornical organ, median eminence, and area postrema. Conversely, IL‐6R and gp130 mRNAs were heterogeneously distributed throughout the brain under basal conditions. The injection of LPS stimulated the biosynthesis of IL‐6R in the CVOs, medial preoptic area, bed nucleus stria terminalis, central nucleus of the amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, cerebral cortex, and blood vessels. Increased levels of IL‐6R mRNA were also observed in the microvasculature following rrIL‐1β injection. Finally, gp130 mRNA expression was increased in the OVLT and throughout the endothelium of brain capillaries of LPS‐treated rats but remained unchanged after administration of rrIL‐1β. These results demonstrate that expression of the genes encoding IL‐6, IL‐6R, and gp130 can be up‐regulated in selective regions of the brain in response to the bacterial endotoxin LPS and the proinflammatory cytokine IL‐1β (only for IL‐6R expression). This fine genetic regulation might be of great importance in the neuroimmune interplay and provides the evidence that sensorial CVOs and microvasculature are in a privileged position to mediate the action of IL‐6 of central and/or systemic origin in the brain of immune‐challenged animals.
Detection of sylvatic dark morphs of Triatoma infestans in the Bolivian Chaco.

Institut Francais de Recherche Scientifique pour leDeveloppement en Cooperation (ORSTOM), CP 9214,La Paz, Bolivia *Instituto Boliviano de Biologia deAltura, CP 641, La Paz, Bolivia **Museo de HistoriaNatural Noel Kempff M. , CP 2489, Santa Cruz,Bolivia ***UMR CNRS-ORSTOM 9926, BP 5045,34032 Montpellier Cedex, FranceKey words: Reduviidae - Triatoma infestans - sylvaticfocus - Bolivia
Mental Traits as Fitness Indicators: Expanding Evolutionary Psychology's Adaptationism

Abstract: According to most evolutionary psychologists, human psychological adaptations can be recognized by criteria such as high efficiency, high complexity, high modularity, low phenotypic variance, low genotypic variance, low heritability, universality across cultures, and universality across individuals. These criteria are appropriate for adaptations that have been shaped through stabilizing selection for survival utility. However, they are often inappropriate for adaptations that have been shaped by sexual selection through mate choice as reliable signals of heritable fitness. If some psychological adaptations evolved as sexually selected fitness indicators of this type, we should expect them to violate many standard criteria used by evolutionary psychology to distinguish adaptations from non‐adaptations. This paper addresses the problems raised by new developments in sexual selection theory and animal signaling theory for evolutionary psychology's adaptationism. It suggests that our adaptationist criteria must recognize two typical kinds of psychological adaptations: naturally selected survival mechanisms and sexually selected fitness indicators.
Cómo evaluar el conocimiento que tienen los lectores acerca de sus procesos de lectura

espanolEl objetivo principal de este estudio es presentar un instrumento de evaluacion del conocimiento metacomprensivo, elaborado a partir de categorias emergentes durante la aplicacion de dos entrevistas en profundidad a 50 sujetos de Valparaiso, Chile, que cursan primer ano de estudios universitarios. Entre las categorias de analisis referidas a partir de lo expresado por los lectores, es posible distinguir tres tipos de saberes distintos: de objetivos de lectura (por que leo), de estrategias de comprension (que hago para comprender) y de experiencias o sensaciones metacognitivas que acompanan y afectan la lectura (que siento). La intencion ha sido disenar, por medio de metodos cualitativos y cuantitativos, un sistema de evaluacion que permita destacar la calidad de un conocimiento en torno a una categoria, mas que la cantidad de ideas relacionadas con ella. Finalmente, el estudio presenta resultados generales obtenidos a partir de la aplicacion de este instrumento a 52 alumnos que cursan 4o ano de Ensenanza Media pertenecientes a establecimientos educacionales de Valparaiso, Chile EnglishThe main objective of this study is to present a method of evaluation of metacomprehensive knowledge, obtained from a case study of 50 college freshmen students in Valparaiso, Chile, who took part in two interviews. Three types of “knowledge” can be inferred from the results: One related to “reading objectives” (Why do I read? ), another, to comprehension strategies.How do I comprrehend? ), and finally, one related to metacognitive sensations accompanying and affecting reading (What do I feel when I read? ) Through qualitative and quantitative methods, a system of evaluation was designed that would allow priorizing the quality of knowledge around one category, rather than the amount of ideas related to it. Finally, general results obtained from the application of this instrument to 52 Senior High School students in Valparaiso, Chile, are also shown
PathFinder : An autonomous mobile robot guided by Computer Vision

Localization is a key research topic in mobile robotics, responsible to assist robotic systems equipped with sensors, to navigate with certain autonomy. Unfortunately, the sensors shows frequently reading errors that disturb its location. In this paper, we describe the development of a computer vision system for autonomous navigation of a robot in a simulated environment. The system uses a unattached camera to detect the robot, concentrating the localization problem in the feature extraction of the images. Also, it uses Artificial Intelligence algorithms to determine the path in order to find the best solution. Our results show that the robot was able to follow the path and reach the goal, validating the proposed method.
Endothelial Cell Damage in Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty With the Underfold Technique: 6- and 12-Month Results

Purpose: To evaluate the endothelial cell loss at 6 and 12 months after Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) using a modified 40/60 underfolding technique and to compare this to the literature on other commonly used implantation techniques, such as the conventional 60/40-fold, gliding, and hitch suture techniques. Methods: Endothelial cell density was measured prospectively, and cell loss was calculated at 6 and 12 months after endothelial keratoplasty using a recently described underfolding implantation technique. Results: In this study, 305 eyes undergoing DSAEK were evaluated. Average endothelial cell loss was 26% at 6 months and 27% at 12 months, all statistically significant reductions from preoperative values (P < 0.01). The decrease in cell count from 6 months to 12 months was not statistically significant. Conclusions: This study demonstrates reduction in endothelial cell loss after DSAEK using the underfold technique when compared with previous reports on conventional folding techniques and similarity to previous reports on glide techniques at 6 and 12 months postoperatively (26% vs. 34% vs. 23% at 6 months). This offers an easy modification to a commonly used existing technique and improves endothelial cell survival after DSAEK.
Efficacy of stiripentol in hyperthermia‐induced seizures in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome

Purpose: We previously reported a mutant mouse carrying a severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy (SMEI) mutation in Scn1a. In this study, we examined the susceptibility to hyperthermia‐induced seizures of heterozygous Scn1a mutant mice (Scn1aRX/+) and wild‐type (Scn1a+/+) mice. Then we assessed the efficacy of stiripentol (STP) monotherapy versus STP and clobazam (CLB) combination therapy to prevent hyperthermia‐induced seizures in Scn1aRX/+ mice.
Anaerobic digestion of stillage to produce bioenergy in the sugarcane-to-ethanol industry

Stillage is the main wastewater from ethanol production, containing a high chemical oxygen demand in addition to acidic and corrosive characteristics. Though stillage may be used as a soil fertilizer, its land application may be considered problematic due its high polluting potential. Anaerobic digestion represents an effective alternative treatment to reduce the pollution load of stillage. In addition, the methane gas produced within the process may be converted to energy, which can be directly applied to the treatment plant. The objective of this paper was to investigate the energetic potential of anaerobic digestion applied to stillage in the sugarcane ethanol industry. An overall analysis of the results indicates energy recovery capacity (ERC) values for methane ranging from 3.5% to 10%, respectively, for sugarcane juice and molasses. The processes employed to obtain the fermentable broth, as well as the distillation step, represent the main limiting factors to the energetic potential feasibility. Considering financial aspects the annual savings could reach up to US$ 30 million due to anaerobic digestion of stillage in relatively large-scale distilleries (365,000 m3 of ethanol per year). The best scenarios were verified for the association between anaerobic digestion of stillage and combustion of bagasse. In this case, the fossil fuels consumption in distilleries could be fully ceased, such the ERC of methane could reach values ranging from 140% to 890%.
Special Issue on Uncertainty Quantification

Following the substantial interest in the uncertainty quantification (UQ) sessions at the Second SIAM Computational Science and Engineering Conference in San Diego on February 10--13, 2003, a proposal to organize a special issue of SISC was approved by the SIAM advisory board. Papers were solicited through various channels on computational aspects of UQ, and an editorial committee was charged with managing the review process. The authors, the editorial team, and the reviewers contributed to the quality of this excellent collection of papers. Significant research has been expanded over the past several decades to develop model-based predictions into sharp estimators of the actual behavior of natural and physical phenomena. The vision of computational experiments paralleling and predicting the outcomes of physical tests is already a driving force and an accepted model for the future of scientific computing. A key component in realizing this vision is the accurate and meaningful quantification of errors in m.
Management of strictures of the lacrimal canaliculi with polyethylene tubes.

EPIPHORA, as the result of an obstruction in the drainage channels for the tears, is a persistent annoyance to many adults. The alleviation of this difficulty has been a problem that has frequently confronted both the ophthalmologist and the physician in general practice. In former years this problem has been managed chiefly through the insertion of metal probes into the channel extending from the lacrimal puncta to the opening of the nasolacrimal duct into the nose. Except in infants the various technics of probing have failed, as a rule, to effect permanent relief of the stricture or obstruction in the drainage channels, and the epiphora has returned after a temporary period of relief. The perfection of the surgical technics of dacryocystorhinostomy has helped tremendously in the solution of the problem of epiphora among adults. Since the majority of obstructions to the normal flow of tears occur in the nasolacrimal duct,
Optimal Control Method of Magnetic Switch Used in High-Voltage Power Supply

In high-voltage systems such as in pulse power, commonly used semiconductor devices cannot be applied to the generation part of high-voltage pulse. However, unlike semiconductor, the magnetic switch cannot control its own ON and OFF operation. Moreover, with the magnetic switch the system efficiency goes down with load variation, and arcs caused by saturation of the energy in reactor have a negative effect on the whole system. This letter presents the way to effectively control the magnetic switch applied to high-voltage pulse power supplies such as plasma generators. The efficiency of the system is optimized by automatically controlling the magnetic switch based on the load variation. Then, the energy the load requires is supplied to the system, which leads to the stability of the system. The proposed method is confirmed by experiments on a designed system.
Identifying systematic reviews: key resources

How effective are antibiotics for treating patients with sore throat? The first choice of resource for the practitioner to answer a clinical effectiveness question such as this one should be a systematic review. By systematically searching, assessing, and summarising the research evidence by using rigorous methods, the best systematic reviews present a time saving distillation of the current state of knowledge. The number of systematic reviews has been growing and continues to grow rapidly. This growth has fortunately been accompanied by efforts to identify, collect, and present reviews in easy to access collections. This editorial presents a strategy for searching for systematic reviews of effectiveness by using a selection of the best of these collections. The first stage, and often the only necessary stage, in finding an up to date systematic review of the effects of health care interventions is to search the Cochrane Library . 1 The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) in the Cochrane Library contains a unique, cumulative collection of full text systematic reviews that are valuable not only for their rigorous methods but also for their regular updates, which occur as new research evidence is published and in response to valid criticisms. If searchers are unable to find an up to date Cochrane review in the CDSR on their topic of interest, the Cochrane Library has summaries of other quality assessed reviews (including reviews of diagnostic tests) in the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness (DARE) and abstracts of technology assessments in the Health Technology Assessment (HTA) database. An initial search of the Cochrane Library can save much time and effort in searching other resources. Non-subscribers to the full Cochrane Library can search abstracts of Cochrane reviews together with DARE and HTA database records free on the NHS Centre for Reviews …
Worldwide access to evidence‐based mental health literature: How useful is PubMed in Anglo‐Saxon and non‐Anglo‐Saxon countries?

Abstract The aim of this study was to verify the presence of cultural variety among the psychiatric journals available on PubMed, the major online tool for accessing literature. Data for analysis were taken from a survey of the world psychiatric journals indexed in Index Medicus 1999 (IM), the alphabetical list used by PubMed, and from the mean impact factor (IF) values of the journals. Approximately 80% of international psychiatric literature available on PubMed is published in Anglo‐Saxon countries, especially in the USA (59.8% of the total). The widespread use of the English language (94.9% of all the journals) further stresses the dominance of the Anglo‐Saxon cultural model, as do the mean IF values of Anglo‐Saxon journals compared to non‐Anglo‐Saxon publications (3.252 vs. 1.693; P = 0.0079). The under‐representation of non‐Anglo‐Saxon cultural models on PubMed plays a negative role for bringing about a truly multicultural literature in psychiatry.
Development of platform-independent web-based telecardiology application for pilot case study

Telecardiology is one of the branches from telemedicine that transmits cardiac data such as electrocardiogram (ECG) and medical records from the patient site to cardiologist for the purpose of diagnosis by using telecommunication and information technologies. Most of the current commercialized telecardiology applications are cost expensive, vendor-specific, and dependent on computing platform and operating system (OS). There are plenty of research have been done on web-based telecardiology application either in real-time transmission or store-and-forward. In this paper, a platform-independent and OS-independent web-based telecardiology application, named VirtualDave System, is developed. The proposed system allow users to log on and access from any computer or mobile communication devices such as smart phone as long as they have internet access and web browser. The developed application allows users in categories of patient, administrator, medical officer and cardiologist, to communicate and get medical consultation without long distance traveling. With the improvement to the system dependency and functionality enhancement such as instant messaging, this web-based telecardiology could significantly help to improve the health care services especially in rural area.
The Effect of Anonymity on the Usage of Avatar: Comparison of Internet Relay Chat and Instant Messenger

The purpose of this study is to examine the difference between chatting avatars and messenger avatars. Users of IRC are not generally known by their ‘real’ names, while users of IM are usually known by their ‘real’ names: i.e., IRC users are anonymous to each other, whereas those of IM are not. Avatars represent users' identity and desire of self-disclosure. Therefore, we assume that the anonymity of user identity influences on the usage of the avatars in terms of self-identify and self-disclosure. Our hypotheses were verified that users have different sense of self-identify and self-disclosure between these two different types of avatars. The moderation effect of gender was significant for both IRC and IM. Meanwhile, age had the mixed moderation effect on IRC and IM.
Fine Motor Control Underlies the Association Between Response Inhibition and Drawing Skill in Early Development.

Previous research shows that the development of response inhibition and drawing skill are linked. The current research investigated whether this association reflects a more fundamental link between response inhibition and motor control. In Experiment 1, 3- and 4-year-olds (n = 100) were tested on measures of inhibition, fine motor control, and drawing skill. Data revealed an association between inhibition and fine motor control, which was responsible for most of the association observed with drawing skill. Experiment 2 (n = 100) provided evidence that, unlike fine motor control, gross motor control and inhibition were not associated (after controlling for IQ). Alternative explanations for the link between inhibition and fine motor control are outlined, including a consideration of how these cognitive processes may interact during development.
Observational, medical or surgical management of vesicoureteric reflux

The clinical management of vesicoureteric reflux includes observational, medical and surgical procedures. The choice of management is often a joint decision made between the paediatric nephrologist and urologist. The use of prophylactic antibiotics has become increasingly debated. In recent years, the surgical treatment of reflux (including endoscopic intervention or ureteral reimplantation) has mainly been limited to cases of high‐grade reflux. There are several important risk factors that influence the final outcome which need to be identified and treated. The aim of reflux management is no longer to treat imperatively, but rather to avoid renal damage. It is perhaps time to revise the classic saying ‘diagnosed reflux – treated reflux’ with a new objective ‘diagnosed reflux – evaluated reflux’.
Child psychiatric disorder. Measures, causal mechanisms, and interventions.

DURING RECENT decades there has been a spectacular burgeoning of research into child psychiatric disorders. The results have changed clinical practice in child psychiatry 1 and have done much to aid understanding of the childhood roots of some adult psychiatric disorders. 2 The set of 12 articles in this issue of theArchivesillustrate well the accomplishments and the serious challenges that remain. They cover a wide territory, but their key messages may be summarized under the headings of measurement, causal mechanisms, and therapeutic interventions. MEASUREMENT Psychiatric research continues to be troubled by difficulties in measurement. 3 At one time, many investigators thought that the use of standardized interviews and operationalized criteria for diagnosis would solve the problems, but it is evident that they have not. The study by Boyle et al 4 is helpful in focusing on the relative merits and demerits of structured respondent-based interviews and checklists. They conclude that there is
Costs of inpatient treatment for multi‐drug‐resistant tuberculosis in South Africa

In South Africa, patients with multi‐drug‐resistant tuberculosis (MDR‐TB) are hospitalised from MDR‐TB treatment initiation until culture conversion. Although MDR‐TB accounts for <3% of incident TB in South Africa, 55% of the public sector TB budget is spent on MDR‐TB. To inform new strategies for MDR‐TB management, we estimated the per‐patient cost (USD 2011) of inpatient MDR‐TB treatment.
SYNTHESIS OF KALLIKREINS BY RAT KIDNEY SLICES

1 Four radioactive kallikreins were isolated from rat kidney slices incubated with [3 H]‐L‐leucine. 2 The kallikreins were purified by procedures previously used for the isolation of rat urinary kallikreins (Nustad & Pierce, 1974), and by affinity chromatography on a column of insolubilized anti‐rat urinary kallikrein. 3 The kidney kallikreins resembled the urinary kallikreins in their relative amounts, isoelectric points and electrophoretic mobilities on polyacrylamide disc gels. 4 The data indicate that the kidney synthesizes four kallikreins which are released into urine. The kallikreins are not changed by passage through the lower urinary tract.
Spyware Detection based upon Hybrid Approach In Android Smartphones

Smart phones, which were once a luxury product has now become a household product. This transformation has been due to the vast amount of functionalities which a smart phone provides in just a single device. Smartphone OS, such as Android, is an Open Source mobile platform that enables us to install third party applications. Due to large amount of applications that are available on the app store, it becomes very difficult for a user to distinguish between a malware free and malware containing application. In this paper, we are proposing a hybrid approach for detection of spyware genre applications out of all the installed applications.