Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF TOMATO (LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM MILL) VARIETY THROUGH FARMERS PARTICIPATORY APPROACH IN VINDHYAN REGION

Vegetables play an important role for the food and nutritional security in Indian Agriculture. During the last 50 years after independence vegetable production has been increased tremendously. In India, during 2007-08, tomato accounted for 8.9 % (10.26 m tons) of the total vegetable production of 125.88 m tons with a productivity of 17.9 t/ha (NHB 2008). India is the second largest vegetable producer next to China in the world. With this production, the availability of vegetables is about 140 g/capita/day which is less than the requirement. Thus there is a need to increase the vegetable production of the country and also to sustain the livelihood of the farmers who are directly involved the production. Tomato, being rich in phytochemicals and other nutrients required for our body, has great importance in our daily diet. The red colour lycopene, which impart the tomato with its characteristics red colour, is considered as the world’s most powerful antioxidant and numerous studies have confirmed that people who consume increased amounts of tomato products experience marked reductions in cancer risk (Giovannucci, 1999). The agro-climatic conditions of Vindhyan region permit the cultivation of tomato crop on a large area, but the present technical knowledge of the farmers regarding cultivation of this important vegetable crop is very scanty. As far as successful vegetable production is concerned, better quality seeds of improved varieties, improved cultural practices, balanced fertilizer application and plant protection measures etc. are necessary. The present study/survey was planned with the objective to find out the existing practices of tomato cultivation and possibility of utilization of new technology (variety) at the farmer’s field for the replacement of the old/ obsolete variety.
Biological Characters and Control of Batocera horsfieldi(Hope)

[Objective]The aim was to understand the life habit of B.horsfieldi. [Method] Research on biological characteristic,complementary nutrition,occurring regularity and control measures of B.horsfieldi in recent years were reviewed. [Result]B.horsfieldi showed as adult,egg,larva and pupa.It had one generation per 2- 3 years,and mainly overwintered by adult and larva in paths.The adult fed leaf and shoot kin to make them die;the larva fed the cortex of branches and trunk and xylem;hatching larvae fed cortex into triangular channel to discharge sawdust and feces,so the kin of tree had longitudinal crack.The control technologies mainly contained chemical measures,biological measures and artificial measures. [Conclusion]The research results provide reference for controlling damage of B.horsfieldi.
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL FACULDADE DE ODONTOLOGIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ODONTOLOGIA

Introduction: The aims of this study were to assess the amount of apically debris during root canal preparation with apical size #25 with the Twisted File Adaptive system (TFA), WaveOne Gold system (WOG) and manual technique (MT), and recorded working time; and to assess WOG with TFA in relation to root canal transportation (RCT) and centering ratio (CR) with apical diameters # 25 and # 35. Methods: Forty-five mesiobuccal root canals of mandibular molars were prepared and assigned into 3 groups (n = 15) to evaluate apical extrusion. Debris extrusion was quantified by subtracting the final from the initial weight of the Eppendorf tubes. RCT and CR were evaluated in Micro-TC with the TFA and WOG systems (n = 15). The normality values obtained for each group were tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. To quantify extruded debris and preparation time, the data were parametric, using the Tukey's 1way and post-hoc ANOVA test. To evaluate RCT and CR, the statistical test was Mann Whitney (α =.05). Results: The WaveOne Gold reciprocating single-file system was associated with less extrusion of debris compared with hand files (P < 0.05) or with the Twisted File Adaptive system (P > 0.05). The preparation time required by hand files was significantly longer than that required by the other techniques (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found between WOG and TFA regarding CR for all levels when used #25 or #35 apical size preparation (p>0.05). For RCT, significant difference was found among TFA and WOG at 1 mm and 7 mm with diameter apical #25 and #35. (p<0.05). Statistically different for the TFA in 4 mm was observed when the apical diameters # 25 and # 35 was evaluated in the same system (P <0,05). Conclusions: All of the instrumentation systems caused apical debris extrusion to some degrees. TFA and WOG can be used in curved root canals with safety with #25 or 35 apical diameters.
The behavior of the bonnethead shark, Sphyrna tiburo

Behavioral activities of a colony of 10 bonnethead sharks, Sphyrna t. tiburo, held under semi-natural conditions, were examined over a period of six months. All sharks had attained, or were approaching, sexual maturity. Objectives of the study were to describe species-typical motor patterns and postures, to analyze the diurnality of patrolling activity and to characterize pattern(s) of organization underlying social interactions noted within the colony. Eighteen postures and patterns of movement were described, almost half of them having apparent social relevance. In specific instances, functional significance of a pattern was cautiously given. Patrolling activity appeared to have a diurnal rhythm, with a peak occurring in the late afternoon; smaller individuals were more erratic in their patrolling. Finally, a clear but subtle social organization, based on a straight-line, size-dependent, dominance hierarchy was found. Though position within the hierarchy was not determined by sex, data indicated that all individuals tended to shy away from larger males. Sexual differences in the performance of certain patterns of movement were also established.
Characterisation of Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) Genotypes for Growth, Pod and Seed Characters and Seed Oil using Morphological and Molecular markers

Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.), popu-larly known as drumstick, is known for its wide variety of nutraceutical values. Moringa oil has high oleic acid and is edible, and used as a lubri-cant in watch industry and cosmetic industry. The objective of this study was to record the genetic diversity of thirty four genotypes of Moringaoleifera found in different regions of Tamil Nadu state in India using morphological and molecular markers. Out of 20 SSRs used in this study, 14 provided good amplification, and were used to assess genetic diversity in 34 genotypes of moringa. On an average, number of alleles for 14 SSR markers ranged from 2 to 6. A total of 41 alleles were detected in all samples with a mean number of 5.47 alleles/locus. The SSR MO 10 rec-orded the highest PIC value (0.84), followed by SSR MO 58 (0.75). The lowest PIC value (0.39) was recorded for SSR MO 18. The mean PIC value was 0.52. Among the 14 primers used for SSR analysis, SSR MO 58 registered the highest number of al-leles (6). The characterization resulted in the identi-fication of MO 56 as the superior parent followed by MO 6 and MO 1 for involving in hybridization programme to improve the oil yield.
Home Range as a Measure of Probable Interactions Among Populations of Small Mammals

A technique for estimating the probability of interaction in space using the home range as a basis of measurement is presented. The overlap area between adjacent home ranges and the relative use of home range area are used to obtain the estimate. The methods were demonstrated with data for Perognathus longimembris (Coues) for the USAEC Nevada Test Site. Probable interaction between females ranged from . 6301 for individuals with recapture centers only 11.43 m apart to . 0000 for animals 88.53 m apart. In this case the recapture radius was 44.45 m. Probable interaction between males and females ranged from . 6289 to . 0000 with distances from recapture centers of 11.43 m to 85.53 m, respectively. Assumptions required by this technique and limitations of interpretation are discussed.
Effects of sugary and shrunken mutant genes on carbohydrates in rice endosperm during ripenning period.

This study was carried out to determine content of sugars, water soluble polysaccharides (WSP) and starch during the first 4 weeks after pollination of sugary. (su) and shrunken (shr-1s, shr-1a and shr-2) mutants of rice. The content of reducing sugars and sucrose in shr-1s, shr-1a and shr-2 mutants was high through early stages of endosperm development. Sugary mutant possessed higher WSP than the other mutants. Starch content in su, shr-1a and shr-2 reduced to about one-half of the parent cultivar. The starch reduction in shr-1s genotype was in-between the other mutant lines and the parent cultivar. These results indicated that the three loci affect carbohydrate production in the endosperm of rice.
A novel non-viral gene vector for hepatocyte-targeting and in situ monitoring of DNA delivery in single cells

A macrocyclic polyamine lipid bearing both fluorescent naphthalimide and targeting cholic acid moieties, 1, was designed and synthesized as a novel non-viral gene vector. Plasmid DNA was completely condensed at 10 μM of 1 (N/P = 3.6) in 5 minutes at 37 °C. The process of DNA uptake process by 1 in a single cell was clearly investigated through time-dependent fluorescence microscopy assay. Flow cytometry experiments of liposome 1 clearly proved its targeting activity toward HepG2 cells. Luciferase gene expression transfected by the DNA complex of 1/DOPE gave a higher transfection efficiency in HepG2, A549, HeLa, U2OS and CCC-HPF-1 cells than by lipofectamine 2000. The present work demonstrated that the designed multifunctional organic molecule is able to fluorescently track the gene delivery process at a single-cell level for the first time. This will greatly aid mechanistic studies of gene transfection and further development of new gene vectors for biomedical applications.
Effect of probiotics on intestinal mucosal humoral immunity and cellular immunity of chickens

Sixty chickens were randomly divided into two groups to determine the effect of oral administration of probiotics on the intestinal mucosal immune response.The first group(control) was fed with a basic diet without antibiotic or probiotics.The second group was fed with the same diet as the control,except receiving drinking water with probiotics.Intestinal fluid,Peyer's patch and cecal tonsils were taken at day 1,4,7,10 and 18 after administration of probiotics.The number of antibody-forming cells and tlymphocytes of intestine,and the content of immunglobulin of intestinal fluid were observed.Besides,the ultrastructure of cecal tonsils was observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM) micrographs and transmission electron microscope(TEM) micrographs at day 4 after orally fed with probiotics.The results showed that compared with the control,probiotics enhanced the content of following items:IgA in the intestinal fluid at day 7(P0.01),the IgG-forming cells at day 10(P0.05),IgM-forming cells in the Peyer's patch at day 7(P0.05),IgA-forming cells at day 7-10(P0.05),IgG-forming cells at day 7(P0.05) and IgM-forming cells in cecal tonsils diffuse area at day 4-7(P0.05). T lymphocytes in cecal tonsils were enhanced at day 7(P0.01) after orally fed with probiotics.The density of microvilli and length of cecal tonsils increased after probiotics were administrated at day 4.With chicken aging,the efficiency of probiotics would decrease.These results suggested that probiotcs could enhance intestinal mucosal immunity of chicken at the early age.
Chromosomal characterization and comparative cytogenetic analysis of two species of Proechimys (Echimyidae, Rodentia) from the Caatinga domain of the State of Bahia, Brazil

SUMMARYG-, C-, and R-banding and silver staining techniques were used to analyze the chromosomes of twelve specimens of Proechimys sp. n. (2n = 54; FN = 104) that will be described as a new species by one of us (P.L.B. Rocha) and four of Proechimys albispinus (2n = 60; FN = 116), collected in two localities of the State of Bahia, Brazil. The meiotic studies after silver staining in pachytene cells allowed the visualization of the sex vesicle and the synaptonemal complexes of all autosomal bivalents. Other meiotic phases are studied after conventional staining. A comparative analysis of G-banding patterns among Proechimys sp. n. , Proechimys albispinus and Proechimys iheringi iheringi, previously described (YONENAGA-YASSUDA et al. 1985) is presented. These three species are included in the subgenus Trinomys.
Hepatitis C Guidance 2019 Update: American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases–Infectious Diseases Society of America Recommendations for Testing, Managing, and Treating Hepatitis C Virus Infection

The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) initiated the hepatitis C guidance project (hereafter HCV guidance) in 2013. The AASLD-IDSA HCV guidance website (www.HCVGuidelines.org) disseminates up-to-date, peer-reviewed, unbiased, evidence-based recommendations to aid clinicians making decisions regarding the testing, management, and treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Utilizing a web-based system enables timely and nimble distribution of the HCV guidance, which is periodically updated in near real time as necessitated by emerging research data, recommendations from public health agencies, the availability of new therapeutic agents, or other significant developments affecting the rapidly evolving hepatitis C arena.
Growth and Enzymatic Activity of Four Warm-season Turfgrass Species Exposed to Waterlogging

A BSTRACT . Waterlogging (WL) negatively affects plant growth and development, but the physiological responses of turfgrass species to WL are not well understood. The objective of this study was to examine growth and physiological mechanisms of WL tolerance in warm-season turfgrass species. Knotgrass ( Paspalum paspaloides ), spiny mudgrass ( Pseudoraphis spinescens ), seashore paspalum ( Paspalum vaginatum ), and centipedegrass ( Eremochloa ophiuroides ) were subjected to 30 days of WL. At the end of the treatment, knotgrass and spiny mudgrass maintained the shoot and root biomass while seashore paspalum and centipedegrass showed reductions in biomass under WL. Root oxidase activity (ROA) was unaffected until after 12 or 18 days of WL but decreased by 14.3%, 17.8%, 32.0%, and 68.7% at 30 days of WL for knotgrass, spiny mudgrass, seashore paspalum, and centipedegrass, respectively. Waterlogging increased root activities of lactate dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase, but generally to a lesser extent in knotgrass and spiny mudgrass. The leaf and root activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) were induced after 6 or 12 days of WL, but to a greater extent for knotgrass and spiny mudgrass. At 30 days of WL, the increased leaf and root activities of SOD and POD were higher in knotgrass and spiny mudgrass than that of seashore paspalum and centipedegrass; while centipedegrass showed 37.8% reduction in root SOD activity. The total soluble protein (TSP) concentration remained unchanged in both leaves and roots during the entire WL treatment for knotgrass, while a decreased leaf TSP was found in the other three species after 12 or 24 days of WL as well as in the roots of seashore paspalum and centipedegrass. More reductions in leaf or root TSP were observed in seashore paspalum and centipedegrass than in knotgrass and spiny mudgrass at 30 days of WL. The results indicated that higher ROA, activities of antioxidant enzymes and TSP contributed to WL tolerance of warm-season turfgrass species.
BACKGROUND AND CATASTROPHIC TREE MORTALITY IN TROPICAL MOIST, WET, AND RAIN FORESTS

The process of tree mortality has dimensions of intensity, spatial, and temporal scales that reflect the characteristics of endogenic processes (i.e., senescence) and exogenic disturbances (i.e., severity, frequency, duration, spatial scale, and points of interaction with the ecosystem). Tree mortality events expressed as percent of stems or biomass per unit area, range in intensity from background ( 5% yr 1), in spatial scale from local to massive, and in temporal scale from gradual to sudden (hours to weeks). Absolute annual rates of background tree mortality (biomass or stem ha-' yr'1) can vary several fold depending on stand conditions and tend to increase with stem density. The ecological effects of a catastrophic, massive, and sudden tree mortality event contrast with those of background, local, and gradual tree mortality in terms of the direction of succession after the event, community dynamics, nutrient cycling, and possibly selection on trees. When standardized for the return frequency of disturbance events, area, and topography, the ranking of tree mortality events (trees ha-' century 1) in the Luquillo Experimental Forest is: background > hurricanes > individual tree fall gaps > landslides. Estimates of vegetation turnover rates require long-term and spatial analysis to yield accurate results.
Survival of mule deer in Northwest Colorado

Survival of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) in Piceance Basin, Colorado, was measured with radio telemetry for 3 years on 1 study area and 4 years on another. Survival rates for deer >6 months old were estimated for yearly intervals beginning 1 December. Male and female fawns had similar (P = 0.254) survival, as did adult and yearling females (P = 0.567). There were significant differences (P 6 months old, yearling female, and adult female mule deer; (2) identify the timing and causes of mortality for ach age class; and (3) use a Cox model analysis to test for relationships between fawn size and overwinter survival. Financial support was provided by the U.S. Dep. Energy Contract W-7405-ENG-36 to Los Alamos Natl. Lab. and DE-FG02-85ER60297 to Colorado State Univ. Supplemental funding was provided by Colo. Fed. Aid Wildl. Restor. Proj. FW 26P and Cathedral Bluffs Shale Oil Co. We thank D. A. Garrott, M. A. Sovada, and D. L. Weybright for field assistance and the Bur. Land Manage. and local ranchers for their coop ration. B. L. Dupire, J. E. Morris and many other Colo. Div. Wildl. personnel aided in innumerable ways. Special thanks to T. E. Hakonson during the formulation of this study and K. V. Bostick for administration and logistic expertise. We appreciate the cooperation of T. H. Pysto of Cathedral Bluffs Shale Oil Co. in facilitating access to the shale oil lease tract and in helping trap deer. Numerous individuals participated in the annual trapping sessions. D. J. Freddy, T. M. Pojar, and W. D. Snyder reviewed the manuscript.
Allozyme Variation in Mojave Populations of the Desert Tortoise, Gopherus agassizi

Whole blood samples were obtained from a total of 146 desert tortoises from western (Kramer Hills region) and eastern (Chemehuevi Valley) parts of the Mojave Desert in San Bernardino County, California. These samples were examined electrophoretically for allozyme expression at 23 loci, eight of which were polymorphic. Heterozygosity levels and other measures of genetic variability were comparable for the eastern and western Mojave samples. Intrapopulation chi-square tests did not falsify our null hypothesis of random mating at each location. Genetic distance measures and interpopulation FsT values suggested that genetic differentiation of eastern and western Mojave Desert tortoises was minimal. However, a contingency chi-square test and multivariate analyses demonstrated significant differences between these geographic samples, falsifying the hypothesis that these Mojave samples are part of a single randomly breeding population. From the perspective of allozyme characteristics, we have no reservations regarding relocation of tortoises between the Kramer and Chemehuevi sites. Allozyme characters of transplanted tortoises should be documented for historical record.
Evaluation of resistance in Psathyrostachys huashaica to wheat take-all fungus

Resistance in Psathyrostachys huashaica and 20 wheat-P.huashaica alien chromosome lines to wheat take-all fungus (Gaeumannomyces graminis var.tritic) was evaluated by artificial inoculation.The results showed that P.huashaica was of high resistance to wheat take-all fungus and was a new resistant germplasm.Among the tested alien chromosome lines,7 addition lines,3 substitution lines and 2 translocation lines were of middle resistance to the take-all fungus.H1 was with reaction near high resistance.The other 8 lines were middle to highly susceptible to take-all fungus.
Climate of Eastern India and Naturally Infected with Aflatoxins

The changes in serum biochemical parameters viz total protein (TP) albumin, (A) globulin (G), A: G ratio, alkaline phosphatase (AP), Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and glucose (Glu) were assessed in 280 days old Japanese quail of both the sexes. The quails and reared in hot and humid climate of eastern India and naturally infected with aflatoxins. It was observed that there was an increase in TP and G were estimated with a fall in A value. A: G ratio too decreased there was a difference in sexes for different serum biochemical parameters. There were elevation in AP, SGPT and SGOT levels too, indicating a hepatic damage. Glu levels dropped in both the sexes and drop was more in females than in males. The liver of the affected quails were pale in color and hemorrhages too were seen in all the lobes, the heart was enlarged in some of the birds.
Effect of Water Balance on Thermoregulation in Waterproof Frogs (Chiromantis and Phyllomedusa)

Arboreal frogs of the genera Chiromantis and Phyllomedusa generally have low evaporative water loss (EWL) but can regulate water loss to maintain body temperature (Tb) at about 40 C at high ambient temperatures (Ta). Thermoregulatory responses of these animals were tested in a thermal gradient and in a wind tunnel to determine whether these responses were affected by the water balance of the animal Hydrated frogs maintained higher Tb in the thermal gradient and frequently employed physiological thermoregulation (enhanced EWL) rather than move away from the heat source. When deprived of water they maintained lower Tb and rarely employed evaporative cooling. When subjected to high Ta in a wind tunnel, regulated Tb was significantly lower (and EWL correspondingly higher) in animals having water reserves in their bladders. Infusion of water into frogs initially lacking bladder reserves decreased Tb and increased EWL in both species. Infusion of hyperosmotic NaCl into hydrated animals increased Tb and reduced EWL markedly in Chiromantis but resulted in only a slight rise in Tb in Phyllomedusa. These frogs resemble other thermoregulating vertebrates in that both behavioral and physiological responses to heat are influenced by hydration state with the result that water is conserved when in short supply.