Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Giant Colonic Diverticulum after Side-to-Side Colonic Anastomosis

Giant colonic diverticula (GCD), defined as a diverticulum larger than 4 cm in diameter, have been rarely reported as a complication of diverticular disease.1 They maintain all layers of the bowel wall and should be differentiated from colonic pseudodiverticula, in which only the mucosa and submucosa are present.2 Because they enlarge over time, GCD may cause a variety of symptoms, including fullness, discomfort, and obstruction or bleeding.3 Surgical resection, with open or laparoscopic dissection, is the only option for cure.3 No publication to date has focused on possible prevention for a previously unrecognized cause of GCD, which may be iatrogenic in origin: a colonic anastomosis. A 68-year-old male veterinarian was referred to our center for worsening symptoms of left lower abdominal fullness, occasional discomfort, and intermittent constipation, treated with laxatives and cathartics as needed. The patient’s past medical history was significant only for emergency sigmoid resection with temporary colostomy (Hartmann’s procedure) for perforated sigmoid diverticulitis at a rural hospital 15 years earlier. The colostomy closure was successfully performed at the same facility six months later. The patient was still very active and practicing veterinary medicine on large farm animals in a rural setting. On physical examination, he appeared well nourished and in no distress. However, the abdominal examination revealed a firm mass in the left lower abdomen, which was mildly tender to palpation. Diagnostic imaging with a CT showed a large, stool-filled mass in the distal left colon, with surrounding visible metallic staples from previous colonic anastomosis (Fig. 1). A colonoscopy, after a bowel preparation, revealed a stool-filled, widemouthed colonic diverticulum, starting at about 25 cm from the anal verge. After obtaining a copy of the patient’s medical record, the review of the operative note revealed that the colostomy closure had been performed by the side-to-side technique with a 100mm endoluminal linear stapler, rather than excising the remaining sigmoid colon and performing an end-to-end or a side-to-end coloproctostomy. The patient underwent successful laparoscopy-assisted resection of the GCD with primary end-to-end colorectal anastomosis (Fig. 2). The pathology report on the resected specimen revealed a 14.5-cm wide colonic diverticulum, with mucosal erosions and chronic inflammation. The patient recovered well and remains asymptomatic two years after his operation. GCD is a rare condition, with fewer than 400 cases described in the literature.1 Their location is the sigmoid colon in more than 90 per cent of the cases, but the transverse and the right colon have been described as possible sites as well. Three distinct subtypes of GCD have been described. Type I is a pseudodiverticulum, containing the remnants of mucosa or muscularis propria (about 1/4 of all cases). Type II is an inflammatory pseudodiverticulum, without any residual bowel wall layer, secondary to a perforation
Inpatient Hypoglycemia: The Challenge Remains

Hypoglycemia in inpatients with diabetes remains the most common complication of diabetes therapies. Hypoglycemia is independently associated with increased morbidity and mortality, increased length of stay, increased readmission rate, and increased cost. This review describes the importance of reporting and addressing inpatient hypoglycemia; it further summarizes eight strategies that aid clinicians in the prevention of inpatient hypoglycemia: auditing the electronic medical record, formulary restrictions and dose-limiting strategies, hyperkalemia order sets, electronic glucose management systems, prediction tools, diabetes self-management, remote surveillance, and noninsulin medications.
Modeling the spatial dynamics of the U.S. purse-seine fleet operating in the western Pacific tuna fishery

Two qualitative choice models of the location decisions of U.S. purse-seine vessels operating in a total of sixty-five 5° grids in the western Pacific tuna fishery are developed and compared. A nested logit model in which decisions are first made about where to fish in the east-west plane, followed by a choice of grid in the north-south plane, performs better than a nonnested model in which all grids are considered simultaneously. The nested model can be used for the allocation of purse-seine fishery effort in a spatially disaggregated bioeconomic model of the regional tuna fishery.
Conservation des signatures isotopiques du collagène d'os et de dents du Pléistocène supérieur (Saint-Césaire, France) : Implications pour les reconstitutions des régimes alimentaires des Néandertaliens

L'analyse isotopique du carbone et de l'azote du collagene des tissus mineralises est une methode d'investigation eprouvee des comportements alimentaires des populations humaines du passe. Le site pleistocene de Saint-Cesaire (40 000-30 000 ans BP, Charente-Maritime, France) offre un cadre propice a l'etude isotopique d'un squelette de Neandertalien. Les echantillons osseux et dentaires de la faune associee aux restes humains de ce site presentent une preservation differentielle de la matiere organique selon la position stratigraphique des fossiles. Les processus de diagenese n'ont pas significativement modifie les signatures isotopiques des collagenes extraits des echantillons les mieux conserves. L'application de l'analyse isotopique aux ossements neandertaliens de Saint-Cesaire devra etre precedee d'une evaluation de leur etat de conservation, et necessitera peut-etre des modifications du protocole d'extraction du collagene de facon a prelever une quantite minimale de materiel.
The ultrastructure of ascosporogenesis in freeze-substituted Thelebolus crustaceus: enveloping membrane system and ascospore initial development

High-pressure and propane-jet freezing were essential for determining the origin and development of the enveloping membrane system during ascosporogenesis in Thelebolus crustaceus. Prior to the completion of mitotic divisions within the ascus, invaginations of the plasma membrane initiated formation of the enveloping membrane system. Fusion of individual units of the closely spaced double membranes resulted in the formation of a cylinder around most of the ascus protoplasm. This double-membraned cylinder enveloped individual nuclei with accompanying cytoplasm and organelles to form ascospore initials. Envelopment of asci nuclei to form ascospore initials appeared to be facilitated by a nuclear-associated organelle and closely associated microtubule organizing center. Initially, wall materials and (or) precursors were deposited between the closely spaced double membranes from within the ascospore initials. Secondary wall formation appeared to be deposited, in part, from the epiplasm. Microtubules located a.
Monitoring bark beetle populations: effects of temperature 1

Annual catches of the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus in pheromone‐baited traps were largely unaffected by the current season temperature. Extremely warm or cold summers may have had a slight impact on the catches. Monitoring data from traps should therefore provide valuable information about population levels. Analyses of temperature parameters from the previous year indicate a significant correlation between May‐June temperatures and trap catches. Models incorporating mean maximum May‐June temperatures from the previous year showed good correlations with actual catches, but the correlation was improved when May‐August temperatures from the year of trapping are included. The data are from 64–80 traps deployed on 20 sites in Akershus in south‐east Norway during the period 1981 to 1990.
Cyst‐based ecotoxicological tests using Anostracans: Comparison of two species of Streptocephalus

Cyst-based ecotoxicological tests are simple and low-cost methods for assessing acute toxicity. Nevertheless, only a few comparative studies on their sensitivity are known. In the present study, the suitability of the use of two freshwater Anostracan species, Streptocephalus rubricaudatus and S. texanus, was assessed. The impact of 16 priority pollutants (4 heavy metals, 11 organic, and 1 organometallic compounds) on these two species, as well as on Artemia salina (Artoxkit M), Daphnia magna (International Organization for Standardization 6341), and S. proboscideus (Streptoxkit F) was assessed. For indicative comparison, bioassays using Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotoxkit F) and Photobacterium phosphoreum (Microtox) were also performed. For heavy metals (K2Cr2O7, Cd2+, Zn2+, Cu2+), the sensitivity of the two studied Streptocephalus species was slightly higher than that of D. magna. It was significantly more elevated than for the marine A. salina. For organic and organometallic micropollutants [phenol, 3,5-dichlorophenol, pentachlorophenol (PCP), hydroquinone, linear alkylbenzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, tributylphosphate, dimethylphthalate, atrazine, lindane, malathion, tributyltin chloride (TBT-CI)], the sensitivity of the 4 anostracan species was of the same order of magnitude as that of D. magna. Artemia salina was slightly less sensitive to some organic compounds (PCP, hydroquinone, TBT-CI). The sensitivity of S. rubricaudatus to organic solvents was low. On the other hand, this anostracan was quite sensitive to NaCI. Thus, its use is restricted to freshwater samples. The evaluation of global practicability of these two tests confirms that cyst-based freshwater anostracans may be used to perform low-cost tests at a sensitivity comparable to that of D. magna (24 h immobilization test). © 1994 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Re-Irradiation and Its Contribution to Good Prognosis in Recurrent Glioblastoma Patients

Background Radiation therapy, one of the strongest anti-cancer treatments, is already performed to treat primary glioblastoma; however, the effect of repeated radiation therapy for recurrent tumors has not been fully explored. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of re-irradiation in treating recurrent glioblastoma. Methods The study included 36 patients with recurrent glioblastoma treated with repeated radiation therapy between 2002 and 2016. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and hypo-fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (HSRT) were performed in these patients. Results Fourteen patients received SRS with a median dose of 25 Gy (range, 20–32 Gy) in 1–5 fractions. Twenty-two patients received HSRT with a median dose of 40 Gy (range, 31.5–52 Gy) in 6–20 fractions. There were six treatment-related grade 3 adverse events. Survival analysis showed that re-irradiation significantly prolonged overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The median OS and one-year OS rate after re-irradiation were 17.2 months and 60.4%, respectively. The median PFS and 6-month PFS rate after re-irradiation were 4.4 months and 41.9%, respectively. Of the 36 patients, three survived without any progression in their condition. Conclusion Re-irradiation for recurrent glioblastoma showed favorable outcomes. Radiation dose and fractionation should be carefully considered to minimize radiation necrosis.
Synthesis and trypanocidal action of new adamantane substituted imidazolines

Introduction of the hydrophobic substituents cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and phenyl into adamantane imidazolines was accomplished with the synthesis of compounds 4. Members of this series were found to display a range of activities against bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei.
Chemical composition and metabolizable energy values of corn germ meal obtained by wet milling for layers

An experiment was carried out to determine the chemical composition, metabolizable energy values, and coefficients of nutrient digestibility of corn germ meal for layers. The chemical composition of corn germ meal was determined, and then a metabolism assay was performed to determine its apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (AMEn) values and its dry matter and gross energy apparent metabolizability coefficients (CAMDM and CAMGE, respectively). In the 8-day assay (four days of adaptation and four days of total excreta collection), 60 29-week-old white Lohman LSL layers were used. A completely randomized experimental design, with three treatments with five replicates of four birds each, was applied. Treatments consisted of a reference diet and two test diets, containing 20 or 30% corn germ meal. Results were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared by the Tukey tests at 5% probability level. The chemical composition of corn germ meal was: 96.39% dry matter, 49.48% ether extract, 1.87% ashes, 7243 kcal gross energy/kg, 11.48% protein, 0.19% methionine, 0.21% cystine, 0.48% lysine, 0.40% threonine, 0.72% arginine, 0.35% isoleucine, 0.83% leucine, 0.57% valine, and 0.37% histidine, on as-fed basis. There were no statistical differences in AME, AMEn, CAMDM, and CAMGE values with the inclusion of 20 and 30% corn germ meal in the diets. On dry matter basis, AME, AMEn, CAMDM, and CAMGE values of corn germ meal were: 4,578 and 4,548 kcal/kg, 4,723 and 4,372 kcal/kg, 64.95 and 61.86%, respectively.
Biogeographic Consequences of Eurytopy and Stenotopy Among Marine Bivalves and Their Evolutionary Significance

Infaunal bivalves able to live in depths of 1 meter or less have significantly wider geographic distributions than infaunal bivalves restricted to deeper waters (not including deep-sea species). Shallower species tolerate a wider range of environmental conditions and probably have longer-lived larvae than species limited to depths greater than 1 meter. As a result of differences in geographic distribution, species able to live as shallow as 1 meter should be less likely to speciate or go extinct than species restricted to deeper waters. Low-diversity species associations (⩽ 1 meter) should therefore also be evolutionarily more stable than high-diversity (>1 meter) associations. These predictions are supported by evidence from the fossil record.
Oligodendrocyte pathology exceeds axonal pathology in white matter in human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease. The majority of cases are sporadic (sALS), while the most common inherited form is due to C9orf72 mutation (C9ALS). A high burden of inclusion pathology is seen in glia (including oligodendrocytes) in ALS, especially in C9ALS. Myelin basic protein (MBP) messenger RNA (mRNA) must be transported to oligodendrocyte processes for myelination, a possible vulnerability for normal function. TDP43 is found in pathological inclusions in ALS and is a component of mRNA transport granules. Thus, TDP43 aggregation could lead to MBP loss. Additionally, the hexanucleotide expansion of mutant C9ALS binds hnRNPA2/B1, a protein essential for mRNA transport, causing potential further impairment of hnRNPA2/B1 function, and thus myelination. Using immunohistochemistry for p62 and TDP43 in human post‐mortem tissue, we found a high burden of glial inclusions in the prefrontal cortex, precentral gyrus, and spinal cord in ALS, which was greater in C9ALS than in sALS cases. Double staining demonstrated that the majority of these inclusions were in oligodendrocytes. Using immunoblotting, we demonstrated reduced MBP protein levels relative to PLP (a myelin component that relies on protein not mRNA transport) and neurofilament protein (an axonal marker) in the spinal cord. This MBP loss was disproportionate to the level of PLP and axonal loss, suggesting that impaired mRNA transport may be partly responsible. Finally, we show that in C9ALS cases, the level of oligodendroglial inclusions correlates inversely with levels of hnRNPA2/B1 and the number of oligodendrocyte precursor cells. We conclude that there is considerable oligodendrocyte pathology in ALS, which at least partially reflects impairment of mRNA transport. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
COVID-19 and Racial/Ethnic Disparities.

The novel SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) has led to a global pandemic manifested as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with its most severe presentation being acute respiratory distress syndrome leading to severe complications and death. Select underlying medical comorbidities, older age, diabetes, obesity, and male sex have been identified as biological vulnerabilities for more severe COVID-19 outcomes.1 Geographic locations that reported data by race/ethnicity indicate that African American individuals and, to a lesser extent, Latino individuals bear a disproportionate burden of COVID-19–related outcomes. The pandemic has shone a spotlight on health disparities and created an opportunity to address the causes underlying these inequities.2 The most pervasive disparities are observed among African American and Latino individuals, and where data exist, American Indian, Alaska Native, and Pacific Islander populations. Preliminary prevalence
Phylogeography of the widespread Caribbean spiny orb weaver Gasteracantha cancriformis

Background Modern molecular analyses are often inconsistent with pre-cladistic taxonomic hypotheses, frequently indicating higher richness than morphological taxonomy estimates. Among Caribbean spiders, widespread species are relatively few compared to the prevalence of single island endemics. The taxonomic hypothesis Gasteracantha cancriformis circumscribes a species with profuse variation in size, color and body form. Distributed throughout the Neotropics, G. cancriformis is the only morphological species of Gasteracantha in the New World in this globally distributed genus. Methods We inferred phylogenetic relationships across Neotropical populations of Gasteracantha using three target genes. Within the Caribbean, we estimated genetic diversity, population structure, and gene flow among island populations. Results Our findings revealed a single widespread species of Gasteracantha throughout the Caribbean, G. cancriformis, while suggesting two recently divergent mainland populations that may represent separate species, diverging linages, or geographically isolated demes. The concatenated and COI (Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1) phylogeny supported a Caribbean clade nested within the New World. Genetic variability was high between island populations for our COI dataset; however, gene flow was also high, especially between large, adjacent islands. We found structured genetic and morphological variation within G. cancriformis island populations; however, this variation does not reflect genealogical relationships. Rather, isolation by distance and local morphological adaptation may explain the observed variation.
Esophageal Baseline Impedance From High-resolution Impedance Manometry Correlates With Mean Nocturnal Baseline Impedance From pH-impedance Monitoring

Background/Aims Esophageal baseline impedance (BI) can be extracted from pH-impedance tracings as mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI), and from high-resolution impedance manometry (HRIM), but it is unknown if values are similar between acquisition methods across HRIM manufacturers. We aim to assess correlations between MNBI and BI from HRIM (BI-HRIM) from 2 HRIM manufacturers in the setting of physiologic acid exposure time (AET). Methods HRIM and pH-impedance monitoring demonstrating physiologic AET (< 4%) off proton pump inhibitors were required. BI-HRIM was extracted as the average from 5 cm and 10 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter. Distal BI-HRIM (DBI-HRIM) was also extracted from the most distal channel (Medtronic studies). MNBI was extracted from 6 channels. Concordance between BI-HRIM across manufacturers with MNBI was analyzed. Results Thirty-six patients met the inclusion criteria (59.6 ± 1.7 years; 22% female; body mass index 30.5 ± 0.7; AET 1.6 ± 0.2%). Although MNBI was similar at all channels (P ≥ 0.18), Diversatek BI-HRIM was lower than Medtronic BI-HRIM (P = 0.003). Overall, BI-HRIM correlated with MNBI at corresponding recording sites, 7 cm and 9 cm (P < 0.05), but not at other sites (P ≥ 0.19). Pearson’s correlations > 0.5 were seen at MNBI at 7 cm for both systems, and at 9 cm for Medtronic. DBI-HRIM correlated with MNBI at 3 cm and 5 cm (P < 0.03), but not at other locations (P > 0.1). Conclusions While numeric differences exist between manufacturers, BI-HRIM correlates with MNBI from corresponding channels in patients with physiologic AET. Comparison with AET elevation is needed to determine correlations between pathologic MNBI with BI-HRIM across manufacturers. The optimal HRIM channels from which BI values should be extracted also warrants further study.
Benefits of mixing grasses and legumes for herbage yield and nutritive value in Northern Europe and Canada

Increased biodiversity may improve ecosystem services, including herbage yield. A mixture experiment was carried out at five sites in Northern Europe and one in Canada to investigate whether mixtures of grasses and legumes would give higher herbage yield than monocultures. Resistance of the mixtures to weed invasion and nutritive value of the herbage were also investigated. The experimental layout followed a simplex design, where four species differing in specific functional traits, timothy (Phleum pratense L.), smooth meadow grass (Poa pratensis L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.), were grown in monocultures and eleven different mixtures with systematically varying proportions of the four species. Positive diversity effects (DE) were observed, leading to greater herbage dry-matter (DM) yield in mixtures than expected from species sown in monocultures. For centroid mixtures, the DE generated on average an additional 32, 25 and 21% of the DM yield than would be expected from the monocultures in the first, second and third year respectively. On average, the mixtures were 9, 15 and 7% more productive than the most productive monoculture (transgressive overyielding) in the first, second and third year respectively. These benefits persisted over the three harvest years of the experiment and were consistent among most sites. This positive effect was not accompanied by a reduction in herbage digestibility and crude protein concentration that is usually observed with increased DM yield. Mixtures also reduced the invasion of weeds to <5% of herbage yield compared to monocultures (10–60% of herbage yield).
Mutualism as a constraint on invasion success for legumes and rhizobia

Because hereditary symbiont transmission is normally absent in the mutualism of legume plants and root‐nodule bacteria (rhizobia), dispersing plants may often arrive at new habitats where mutualist partners are too rare to provide full benefits. Factors governing invasion success were explored by analysing a system of two coupled pairwise competition models: a legume invader competing with a resident non‐mutualistic plant, and a rhizobial population competing with a resident population of nonsymbiotic bacteria. The non‐linear dependence of benefits on partner abundance in this mutualism creates the possibility of two alternative population size equilibria, so that a threshold density can exist for invasion. If legumes and rhizobia exceed a critical population size, both species achieve rapid population growth, while if initial densities of both species are below their respective thresholds, they remain rare and are thus vulnerable to extinction in the presence of competitors. Overall, the results indicate that legumes may often fail at colonization attempts within habitats where mutualist partners are scarce. Data on legume prevalence in island floras and rates of geographical spread by legume weeds are consistent with this inference. Predictive insights about invasiveness may emerge from comparative research on key traits identified by the model, especially the shape of the function determining the number of nodules formed at low rhizobial density.