Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plasticization of Cellulose Diacetate by Ionic Liquid

Three ionic liquids, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium terafluoroborate (BMIMBF4), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (BMIMOTF) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIMPF6) were applied as the plasticizers of CDA. Among three ILs, BMIMBF4 was considered to be the most effective plasticizer, which was confirmed by TGA and DMA. The interaction between ILs and CDA was also investigated.
Proposta de um instrumento de análise de riscos para auxiliar na tomada de decisão de migração de ambiente tradicional para Nuvem privada : um estudo de caso da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz

Cloud computing proposes a new technology-as-a-service approach by countering the costly and expensive data centers maintained by organizations. In this perspective, Fiocruz has built a cloud data center to provide infrastructure as a service (IaaS) for its regional units, with a proposal to reduce spending on local ICT infrastructure. However, after all the investment, however, few units migrated their services to Fiocruz cloud. In view of this, this study proposed a tool aligned to the process of risk assessment from the perspective of the ISO 31000: 2009 standard to help decision makers of the Fiocruz regional units to migrate their technological solutions, which run in local environments of the units themselves , for the cloud computing platform designed by Fiocruz. To do so, the tool design was based on the main studies through bibliographic and documentary research in the literature on risk management aligned in the process of migration in the cloud. From these studies it was possible to define the main methods and techniques in line with the risk management process of NBR ISO 31000: 2009 standard applied to the migration to the cloud. The flow of the tool initially passes through the weighting of the decision criteria and strategic objectives, based on multicriteria analysis. The next step creates risk maps for the local and cloud environments to find the Residual Risk Level (NRR) grouped by defined risk criteria. This step uses probability and impact matrix to calculate the NRR. Finally, the final step creates a decision matrix that presents the best decision from the calculation of the NRR with the weighted decision criteria. The validation of the application of the tool was carried out in the context of the Regional Management of Brasilia-GEREB of Fiocruz, in which it proved feasible the use of the tool to assist in the decision-making process.
Natural formation of chlorinated phenols, dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in soil of a douglas fir forest

The natural formation of 4-MCP, 24/25- and 26-DCP, and 245-TrCP was detected in four selected areas of a rural Douglas fir forest where the humic layer was spiked in situ with a solution of Na37Cl and covered by an enclosure, after 1 year of incubation. Chlorinated phenols (CP) can be formed naturally from organic matter and inorganic chloride by either de novo synthesis or chloroperoxidase (CPO)-catalyzed chlorination. The natural CP congeners were found to be present in high concentrations in soil compared to the other congeners, except for 245-TrCP which was present in a relatively low concentration. This study did not reveal which source, natural or anthropogenic, caused the observed concentrations. Some 20 chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (CDD/F) were found to be formed naturally in soil of the Douglas fir forest; the formation of three 2,3,7,8-substituted congeners, 2378-TeCDD, 12378-PeCDD, and 123789-HxCDD, deserves special attention. A formation mechanism has been proposed which sta.
Reversed-Phase HPLC following Thiolysis for Quantitative Estimation and Characterization of the Four Main Classes of Phenolic Compounds in Different Tissue Zones of a French Cider Apple Variety (Malus domestica Var. Kermerrien)

Phenolic compounds, which are present in the epidermis zone, parenchyma zone, core zone, and seeds of fruit (Malus domestica var. Kermerrien), were extracted from freeze-dried material by three successive solvent extractions. The dry methanol extract and the dry aqueous acetone extracts were analyzed using reversed-phase HPLC coupled with diode array detection following thiolysis to quantify phenolic compounds according to their classes (hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, flavan-3-ols, flavonols, and dihydrochalcones). The method is suitable for the determination of the relative proportions of the different classes of polyphenols and provided information on the constitutive units and the average degree of polymerization of oligomeric and polymeric procyanidin structures. Results showed that procyanidins are the predominant phenolic constituents in cider apple fruits, much of them corresponding to highly polymerized structures.
Mental Mapping Method in Anthropological Studies on Cultural Landscape

This paper presents the method of mental mapping, adapted for the purposes of anthropological research on perception and assessment of urbanised spaces. Its application is also discussed in the evaluation of cultural landscape, taking into account the aspect of human experience. The method allows for examination of the inhabited environment’s perceptions and their externalisation in the form of mental maps constructed on the basis of residents’ relations of examined locations. The analysis of mental maps allows both for identification and description of elementsthat create the structure of the space and the evaluation of their role in the life of the community and in the formation of a harmonious landscape. The source basis of the article, apart from works referred to in the bibliography, are ethnographic field studies conducted between 2014 and 2017 in ten villages in the Kielce Voivodeship and in Kielce.
Ferroelectric Properties of Microwave Processed PZT-NiZn Ferrite Composites

Being materials with a large number of interesting properties, ferroelectric-ferrite based composites have recently been developed. People are showing a great interest in these materials due to some unique properties like magnetoelectric effect in addition to the ferroelectric, dielectric and magnetic properties. After a review of literature it is found that the variation in different properties of PZT ceramics is found to depend on the amount of ferrite content. In this paper, we are reporting the variation in ferroelectric properties of PbZr0.65Ti0. 35O3 (PZT) by varying Ni-Zn ferrite (NZF) content. The studied system having compositional formula (1-x) PZT–x NZF (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.025, in steps of 0.005), was prepared by solid state route using microwave sintering. Remanant polarization was found to be monotonically decreasing with increasing ferrite content as observed from the recorded P-E hysteresis loops for all the samples at 20 Hz. Microwave sintering results in significant improvements in properties as compared to conventionally sintered samples.
RHENIUM DIHYDROGEN COMPLEXES WITH ISONITRILE COLIGANDS : NOVEL DISPLACEMENT OF CHLORIDE BY HYDROGEN

The syntheses, properties, and characterization of several new complexes, Re(CNtBu)3(PCy3)2H (1a), Re(CNtBu)3(PR3)2Cl [R = Cy, Ph (2a, 2b)], the 17-electron [Re(CNtBu)3(PCy3)2Cl]+ (3a), the dihydro.
High Quality Area-Selective Atomic Layer Deposition Co Using Ammonia Gas as a Reactant

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) Co was developed using bis(N,N'-diisopropylacetamidinato)cobalt(II) as a precursor and NH 3 as a reactant, producing pure Co thin films with excellent conformality and nanoscale thickness controllability. In addition to NH 3 , the Co films were also deposited by using H 2 gas as a reactant. Compared to ALD Co using H 2 , the Co thin films deposited by NH 3 showed a higher film quality, a lower resistivity, and a higher density. The Co thermal ALD process was applied to area-selective ALD using an octadecyltrichlorosilane self-assembled monolayer as a blocking layer, which produced 3 μm wide Co line patterns without an etching process.
Dynamics of the SCR‐DeNOx reaction by the transient‐response method

The unsteady-state kinetics of NH3 adsorption–desorption and of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH3 were studied over model V2O5/TiO2 and V2O5–WO3/TiO2 catalysts by transient response techniques. Over both catalysts the dynamic experiments could be successfully described by a kinetic model assuming (1) negligible NO adsorption on the catalyst surface; (2) nonactivated NH3 adsorption; (3) a Temkin-type NH3 coverage dependence of the desorption energy; (4) a nonlinear dependence of the SCR reaction rate on the NH3 surface coverage. Thus, the results are supportive of an Eley-Rideal mechanism for the SCR reaction and of a significant heterogeneity for adsorption–desorption process and surface reaction of the catalyst surface. The binary and ternary catalysts exhibit similar acid properties, but different activity in the SCR reaction, possibly related to the superior redox properties of the WO3-containing sample. Over both samples the estimates of the activity energies for NH3 desorption at zero coverage and for the surface reaction of NO with NH3 are similar and in the 23–26 and 14–16 kcal/mol ranges, respectively.
Molecular quasi-species.

1. The Sequence Space 2. The Kinetic Equations 3. How Realistic is the Kinetic Ansatz? 4. Solutions of the Rate Equations 5. Potential Functions, Optimization, and Guided Evolution 6 . Population Structures Error Threshold For Quasi-species Localization 1. Error Threshold and Selective Advantage 2. Localization Threshold for Statistically Distributed Replication Rates 3. Extreme-Value Theory for Effective Superiority 4. Relaxed Error Threshold and Gene Duplication 5. Analogies to Phase Transitions Examples of Fitness Landscapes and Stationary Populations 1. Error Threshold 2. Degenerate Quasi-species and Neutral Mutants 3. Conformation-dependent Value Functions and Fitness Landscapes 4. Asymmetry of Fitness Landscapes: Apparent Guidance of Evolution
Characterization of the planetary boundary layer during SAMUM-2 by means of lidar measurements

Measurements with two Raman-depolarization lidars of the Meteorological Institute of the Ludwig-Maximilians- Universit¨at, M¨unchen, Germany, performed during SAMUM-2, were used to characterize the planetary boundary layer (PBL) over Praia, Cape Verde. A novel approach was used to determine the volume fraction of dust υd in the PBL. This approach primarily relies on accurate measurements of the linear depolarization ratio. Comparisons with independent in situ measurements showed the reliability of this approach. Based on our retrievals, two different phases could be distinguished within the measurement period of almost one month. The first (22–31 January 2008) was characterized by high aerosol optical depth (AOD) in the PBL and large υd > 95%. During the second phase, the AOD in the PBL was considerably lower and υd less than ∼40%. These findings were in very good agreement with ground based in situ measurements, when ambient volume fractions are considered that were calculated from the actual measurements of the dry volume fraction. Only in cases when dust was not the dominating aerosol component (second phase), effects due to hygroscopic growth became important.
Isothermal and Dynamic Microcalorimetry for Quantifying the Crystallization of an Amorphous Drug during Interactive Powder Mixing

ABSTRACT This study reports the crystallization of amorphous nifedipine during an interactive mixing process quantified by using isothermal and dynamic microcalorimetry. Interactive mixtures of amorphous nifedipine and uniform glass beads were prepared by mixing in a Turbula® mixer. The difference in the extent of crystallization of amorphous nifedipine during mixing was characterized by the time it took for the crystallization of a known amount of amorphous nifedipine in isothermal calorimetry and the change in the height of the crystallization peak at 65°C in dynamic calorimetry. It was found that both isothermal and dynamic microcalorimetry are useful techniques for quantifying the physical transition of amorphous nifedipine during interactive mixing. The rate and extent of crystallization of amorphous nifedipine depended on both mixing time and speed, but mixing time played a more dominant role because the transformation of amorphous to crystalline nifedipine was greater after 3180 revolutions (9.7%) than after 405 revolutions (0.9%) at 27 rpm. The same trend was observed at 109 rpm, but the percentage of crystalline nifedipine after 3180 revolutions was only 5.2%. This meant that an increase in mixing time rather than speed increased the rate of amorphous to crystalline transformation. The greatest cause for crystal transformation during interactive mixing was the presence of crystal seeds of the thermodynamically stable nifedipine Modification I because the amount of amorphous to crystalline transformation increased from 2.6% for a completely amorphous mixture to 6.6% for a 92:8 mixture of amorphous and crystalline nifedipine when mixed for 30 minutes at 106 rpm.
Size-selective silver nanoparticles: future of biomedical devices with enhanced bactericidal properties

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are attracting attention due to their bactericidal activity and consequent possible biomedical applications. The key to their broad-acting and potent biocidal property seems to be based on the size-related mechanism by which AgNPs act on different bacteria strains. Here, we report the synthesis and successful size-selective fractionation of AgNPs obtained through chemical reduction of silver nitrate in ethylene glycol using polyvinylpyrrolidone as a protective agent. A combination of characterization techniques (UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering) is employed to differentiate the two size-fractionated samples. From the analyses, it is evidenced that AgNPs are mainly spherical and have their radius centered at ∼8.5 and ∼11.0 nm. The nanoparticles bactericidal efficacy is investigated using the disk diffusion test against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Micrococcus lysodeikticus. Although both fractionated samples present bactericidal activity against all four tested bacteria (one Gram negative and three Gram positives), those presenting smaller size own enhanced antibacterial properties.
Atomic-Scale Structural Investigations on the Nucleation of Cubic Boron Nitride from Amorphous Boron Nitride under High Pressures and Temperatures

By controlling the microstructure of the starting materials, i.e., by ball-milling a commercial hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) to an amorphous boron nitride (a-BN), the subsequent high-pressure and high-temperature (HP−HT) induced phase transformation has been significantly facilitated. Namely, cubic boron nitride (c-BN) forms at 900 °C and achieves accomplishment at 1350 °C under 7.7 GPa, which are significantly less-extreme conditions than that of crystalline h-BN under similar HP−HT treatments. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) clarified the nucleation mechanism at an atomic scale. It demonstrated that the c-BN phase nucleates directly from the sp3-hybridized amorphous matrix, which is originally induced by ball-milling and is therefore responsible for the reduced HP−HT conditions. This c-BN nucleation mechanism is completely different from the so-called diffusionless “puckering” mechanism involved in the HP−HT experiments starting fro.
Study on the optical property of P-C doped a-Si:H thin films

Hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin films doped with Phosphorus (P) and Carbon (C) were deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The influence of carbon on the optical property and the content of hydrogen and carbon in the P-doped a-Si:H films were investigated by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. The results show that the C-Si bonds in the P-C doped a-Si:H thin films can be observed clearly, and the content of hydrogen and carbon as well as the optical band gap increases with increasing CH4 gas flow rate, but the refractive index decreases with increasing CH4 gas flow rate in the CVD chamber.
Parameters Influencing the On- and Off-Times in the Fluorescence Intensity Traces of Single Cyanine Dye Molecules

On−off kinetics observed in fluorescence intensity traces of single organic dye molecules have been assigned to molecules being either continuously emitting photons (on state) or occupying the triplet state (off state). To date this was mainly substantiated by the oxygen dependence of this behavior. By means of various experimental approaches, we show that indeed the occupation of the triplet state principally causes the off periods in some cyanine dyes structurally related to frequently used DiI or Cy3. Comparing recorded traces for various cyanine dyes bearing different atoms at the 1- and 1‘-positions, we demonstrate for the first time the consequences of the internal heavy atom effect on the on−off dynamics of single organic dye molecules. An additional pathway to populate the triplet state is proposed in order to explain the enhanced intersystem crossing quantum yield for the transition S1 to T1 for these molecules, which demand less free volume for rotation.
How We Can Have Safe, Clean, Convenient, Affordable, Pleasant Transportation Without Making People Drive Less or Give Up Suburban Living

In this report, the authors propose a dual-transportation network and community that would accommodate the preferences for auto-mobility and single-family homes,yet also offer much safer and cleaner, more pleasant and more socially integrated environment than what is commonly proposed in transportation and land use plans. A city with two universally accessible but completely separate and independent transportation networks is proposed. One network is for low-speed lightweight modes (LLMs) and the other is for fast-moving heavy vehicles (FHSVs). The authors review the economics and advantages of such a design, as well as the impacts on transportation problems. They conclude with a discussion regarding the social,political, and consumer factors determining the success of the proposed design.
A highly transparent self-cleaning superhydrophobic surface by organosilane-coated alumina particles deposited via electrospraying

A highly transparent self-cleaning superhydrophobic surface was prepared by electrospraying an organosilane-coated alumina precursor. By simply controlling the spraying time, a coating with excellent superhydrophobicity as well as transparency in the visible range was achieved. Increased spraying time increased the water contact-angle, while reducing the transparency of the coatings. Organosilane-coated alumina particles prepared with a spraying time of 300 s showed ∼90% transmittance at a wavelength of 550 nm. A water drop acquired a perfect spherical shape with a contact angle of 162° and eventually rolled off a coated surface at an extremely low sliding angle <3°. This robust superhydrophobicity retained its intrinsic wettability even after 30 min of continuous water jet impact. Dust particles accumulated on the coating surface were washed off completely by rolling a few water drops, leaving behind a perfectly clean surface. Such self-cleaning and transparent superhydrophobic coatings have potential applications in the optical industry.
The analysis of thermoluminescent glow peaks in LiF (TLD-100)

Three different methods have been used to determine the trap depth E and frequency factor S associated with glow peaks 2 to 5 in single crystals of LiF (TLD-100). The methods used were (i) the total glow peak method, (ii) the variable heating rate method and (iii) the isothermal decay method. Good agreement is found for the values of the trap parameters determined by the three methods. The peaks obey simple first-order kinetics for the thermal untrapping of electrons, following the model of Randall and Wilkins (1945). The average E values determined for peaks 2 to 5 are 1.10, 1.22, 1.60 and 2.06 eV with S values of 2*1013, 4*1013, 3*1016 and 5*1020 s-1 respectively. The results are compared with the widely differing values reported by other authors.
STUDIES ON PHLOEM EXUDATION FROM YUCCA FLACCIDA HAW. VIII. FLUID MECHANICS AND EXUDATION

SUMMARY Calculations on the linear velocity of the flow of exudate in sieve tubes were carried out, using measured average values for the length and cross-section of the sieve tubes, the surface area and the thickness of the sieve plate, and the number and radius of the sieve pores. Assuming sieve pores free of any obstruction a velocity of flow of 128 cm.hr–1. atm–1 through one metre of sieve tube was found to be theoretically possible. With a pressure difference between the intact sieve-tube members and the exuding ones of at least 16 atm – at an assumed distance of one metre, the fluid mechanical capacity of the sieve pores of the Yucca inflorescence would consequently allow an exudate velocity of 20 metres. hr–1. From the rate of bleeding a velocity of the exudate in the sieve tubes of 0.44 m.hr–1 was calculated, thus only a small part of the pores need to be unobstructed during bleeding. In a previous study sieve pores appeared to be often traversed by 10–20 protoplasmic filaments of approximately 250 A diameter. Assuming all the sieve pores obstructed by such filaments, spaced at the observed distance of 1000 A, calculations indicated that a pressure difference of 5½ atm.metre–1 would be sufficient to explain the earlier observed velocity of exudation. It is concluded that the hypothesis of a mass flow of assimilates from the leaves to the top of the inflorescence of a bleeding plant does not encounter serious objections from the side of fluid mechanics.
DIFFUSION AND ABSORPTION OF IONS IN PLANT TISSUE: III. THE ROLE OF THE ROOT CORTEX CELLS IN ION ABSORPTION1

SUMMARY The theoretical aspects of diffusion of Rb+ ions in the free space of young barley roots and their concomitant absorption by the epidermal and cortical cells were studied on the basis of a simplified geometrical model. It is concluded that participation of the cortical cells in the process of Rb+ uptake is irreconcilable with the kinetic features of this process as determined experimentally. Limitation of uptake to the root surface is considered to pertain to other macronutrient ions and other objects as well.
Investigation of InP etching mechanisms in a Cl2/H2 inductively coupled plasma by optical emission spectroscopy

Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) has been used in order to investigate the InP etching mechanisms in a Cl2–H2 inductively coupled plasma. The authors have previously shown that anisotropic etching of InP could be achieved for a H2 percentage in the 35%–45% range where the InP etch rate also presents a local maximum [J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 24, 2381 (2006)], and that anisotropic etching was due to an enhanced passivation of the etched sidewalls by a silicon oxide layer [J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 26, 666 (2008)]. In this work, it is shown that this etching behavior is related to a maximum in the H atom concentration in the plasma. The possible enhancement of the sidewall passivation process in the presence of H is investigated by comparing OES measurements and etching results obtained for Cl2–H2 and Cl2–Ar gas mixtures.
Phase separation and ordering coexisting in InxGa1−xN grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition

We have recently reported the occurrence of phase separation in InxGa1−xN samples with x>0.25. Theoretical studies have suggested that InxGa1−xN can phase-separate asymmetrically into a low InN% phase and an ordered high InN% phase. In this letter, we report on the existence of simultaneous phase separation and ordering of InxGa1−xN samples with x>0.25. In these samples, phase separation was detected by both transmission electron microscopy selected area diffraction (TEM-SAD) and x-ray diffraction. Ordering was detected by both imaging and TEM-SAD.