Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Water stress induces different levels of photosynthesis and electron transport rate regulation in grapevines

Diurnal time courses of chlorophyll fluorescence and gasexchange rates were measured in young potted grapevines (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Tempranillo) subjected to different conditions of water supply under Mediterranean summer conditions. The irrigated plants exhibited typical diurnal patterns for all measured parameters, showing a correspondence between electron transport rate, net CO 2 assimilation and stomatal conductance. Mild decreases in soil-water availability led to different degrees of down-regulation of photosynthesis and increased nonphotochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence. A good correspondence between electron transport rate and CO2 assimilation was still maintained, suggesting a coregulation of both photosynthetic processes. In contrast, a severe water deficit induced a drastic down-regulation of photosynthesis and breakage of the above-mentioned link. Both midday net CO2 assimilation and electron transport rate significantly correlated with pre-dawn water potential (ΨPD) (r 2 = 0·65 and r 2 = 0·92, P < 0·001, respectively). However, when field data were analysed, the relationship between electron transport rate and ΨPD was not maintained, although net CO2 assimilation was similarly correlated with ΨPD. Interestingly, the steady-state chlorophyll fluorescence yield was a good indicator of plant water stress.
Win, lose or draw: a comparison of fight structure based on fight conclusion in the fallow deer

Fights between male fallow deer (Dama dama) may conclude with the contest decisively resolved in favour of one animal (the winner), or, there may be an inconclusive resolution, in which case there is no winner. We sought to compare the structure of fights between male fallow deer in order to determine what factors might be important in influencing how fights are concluded (i.e., decisively or inconclusively resolved). We compared differences in the number of backward pushes, jump clashes and retreats over fight duration; we also compared the duration of bouts of fighting. Fights that were decisively resolved had a significantly higher number of backward pushes and jump clashes than fights that were inconclusive. Decisively resolved fights also had a higher number of retreats in the final quarter of contests suggesting that, overall, fights that resulted in a winner were more costly than fights that were inconclusively resolved. There was a significantly larger asymmetry between opponents in decisively resolved fights in the proportion of backward pushes and jump clashes recorded suggesting that opponents in fights that ended inconclusively were more evenly matched. There was no difference in overall contest duration or the duration spent fighting between decisively and inconclusively resolved fights. These results indicate that the manner by which a contest concludes, is determined by the difference in action performance between contestants and also, a difference in the rate of behavioural actions as a function of time spent fighting.
Formação de cardumes por Astyanax altiparanae (Teleostei: Characidae) no Rio Congonhas, Paraná, Brasil

Foi observado o comportamento de formacao de cardumes de Astyanax altiparanae Garutti & Britski, 2000 no subafluente do medio rio Paranapanema, durante o periodo de janeiro de 1997 a fevereiro de 1998. Foi constatado que essa especie forma basicamente dois tipos de cardumes: os maiores (aproximadamente 50 individuos) formados pelos menores especimes e localizando-se a margem, entre a vegetacao aquatica; enquanto os menores cardumes (cerca de 15 individuos), formados por especimes maiores, localizam-se, preferencialmente, em areas mais profundas. Foram evidenciadas algumas variacoes comportamentais (organizacao e localizacao) entre esses dois grupos dependendo do tipo de atividade realizada como, frequencia de deslocamento e forrageamento. O comportamento observado desses cardumes ante ao sinal de ameaca reforca a ideia de que a formacao de cardumes e, tambem, uma tatica anti-predatoria.
Prediction of Reversible Lithium Plating with a Pseudo-3D Lithium-Ion Battery Model

Fast charging of lithium-ion batteries remains one of the most delicate challenges for the automotive industry, being seriously affected by the formation of lithium metal in the negative electrode. Here we present a physicochemical pseudo-3D model that explicitly includes the plating reaction as side reaction running in parallel to the main intercalation reaction. The thermodynamics of the plating reaction are modeled depending on temperature and ion concentration, which differs from the often-used assumption of a constant plating condition of 0 V anode potential. The reaction kinetics are described with an Arrhenius-type rate law parameterized from an extensive literature research. At low temperatures not only the main processes (intercalation and solid-state diffusion) become slow, but also the plating reaction itself becomes slower. Using this model, we are able to predict typical macroscopic experimental observables that are indicative of plating, that is, a voltage plateau during discharge and a voltage drop upon temperature increase. A spatiotemporal analysis of the internal cell states allows a quantitative insight into the competition between intercalation and plating. Finally, we calculate operation maps over a wide range of C-rates and temperatures that allow to assess plating propensity as function of operating condition.
Impact of Mandatory Infectious Diseases Consultation and Real-time Antimicrobial Stewardship Pharmacist Intervention on Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Bundle Adherence

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of infectious diseases consultation (IDC) and a real-time antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) review on the management of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB). Methods This retrospective study included adult inpatients with SAB from January 2016 to December 2018 at 7 hospitals. Outcomes were compared between 3 time periods: before mandatory IDC and AMS review (period 1), after mandatory IDC and before AMS review (period 2), and after mandatory IDC and AMS review (period 3). The primary outcome was bundle adherence, defined as appropriate intravenous antimicrobial therapy, appropriate duration of therapy, appropriate surveillance cultures, echocardiography, and removal of indwelling intravenous catheters, if applicable. Secondary end points included individual bundle components, source control, length of stay (LOS), 30-day bacteremia-related readmission, and in-hospital all-cause mortality. Results A total of 579 patients met inclusion criteria for analysis. Complete bundle adherence was 65% in period 1 (n = 241/371), 54% in period 2 (n = 47/87), and 76% in period 3 (n = 92/121). Relative to period 3, bundle adherence was significantly lower in period 1 (odds ratio [OR], 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.37–0.93; P = .02) and period 2 (OR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.20–0.67; P = .0009). No difference in bundle adherence was noted between periods 1 and 2. Significant differences were seen in obtaining echocardiography (91% vs 83% vs 100%; P < .001), source control (34% vs 45% vs 45%; P = .04), and hospital LOS (10.5 vs 8.9 vs 12.0 days; P = .01). No differences were noted for readmission or mortality. Conclusions The addition of AMS pharmacist review to mandatory IDC was associated with significantly improved quality care bundle adherence.
Enhancing Methods for Under-Canopy Unmanned Aircraft System Based Photogrammetry in Complex Forests for Tree Diameter Measurement

The application of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) beneath the forest canopy provides a potentially valuable alternative to ground-based measurement techniques in areas of dense canopy cover and undergrowth. This research presents results from a study of a consumer-grade UAS flown under the forest canopy in challenging forest and terrain conditions. This UAS was deployed to assess under-canopy UAS photogrammetry as an alternative to field measurements for obtaining stem diameters as well as ultra-high-resolution (~400,000 points/m2) 3D models of forest study sites. There were 378 tape-based diameter measurements collected from 99 stems in a native, unmanaged eucalyptus pulchella forest with mixed understory conditions and steep terrain. These measurements were used as a baseline to evaluate the accuracy of diameter measurements from under-canopy UAS-based photogrammetric point clouds. The diameter measurement accuracy was evaluated without the influence of a digital terrain model using an innovative tape-based method. A practical and detailed methodology is presented for the creation of these point clouds. Lastly, a metric called the Circumferential Completeness Index (CCI) was defined to address the absence of a clearly defined measure of point coverage when measuring stem diameters from forest point clouds. The measurement of the mean CCI is suggested for use in future studies to enable a consistent comparison of the coverage of forest point clouds using different sensors, point densities, trajectories, and methodologies. It was found that root-mean-squared-errors of diameter measurements were 0.011 m in Site 1 and 0.021 m in the more challenging Site 2. The point clouds in this study had a mean validated CCI of 0.78 for Site 1 and 0.7 for Site 2, with a mean unvalidated CCI of 0.86 for Site 1 and 0.89 for Site 2. The results in this study demonstrate that under-canopy UAS photogrammetry shows promise in becoming a practical alternative to traditional field measurements, however, these results are currently reliant upon the operator’s knowledge of photogrammetry and his/her ability to fly manually in object-rich environments. Future work should pursue solutions to autonomous operation, more complete point clouds, and a method for providing scale to point clouds when global navigation satellite systems are unavailable.
Predicting metabolic health status using milk fatty acid concentrations in cows – a review

The extent of a metabolic disorder (e.g. ketosis) is not necessarily reflected by the concentration of s-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) in the blood, which is currently held as the gold standard in diagnosis. Also, for both economic and work-efficiency reasons, analysing blood is currently not applicable as a routine monitoring method for cows in the critical phase. Aim of this review was to examine the possibility of using milk fatty acids (FAs) and fatty acid (FA) ratios to predict negative energy balance (NEB), ketosis or metabolic disorders. After searching in two pertinent databases, eleven studies matched the relevant criteria. FA profiles were examined for correlations with the concentration of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in blood in three studies, concentration of BHB in blood in five studies and different indicators of energy balance in four studies. One study developed linear regression models using FAs and FA ratios. Most studies found that short and medium-chained FAs (C4 – C14 and C5 – C15) are decreased during NEB, increased BHB or NEFA concentrations, whereas long-chained FAs (> C16) increase, especially cis-9 C18:1. A few single FAs and FA ratios such as cis-9 C16:1, cis-9 C16:1 to C15:0, C17:0 to C15:0 and C18:1 to C15:0 are correlated with a more severe NEB, elevated blood BHB or NEFA concentrations. Some might be useful in routine herd health monitoring despite having only moderate correlation coefficients. More promising than using single FAs or FA ratios to detect cows suffering from excessive NEB or metabolic disorders might be the implementation of refined prediction models in order to use all available information to predict the health status of both individual cows as well as the whole herd as exactly as possible.
Computer-assisted identification and clustering for regulated phytopathogenic bacteria: construction of a reference database and development of a computer system*

CABIQ is a specific computer-assisted identification system for the reliable and rapid identification of the main regulated phytopathogenic bacteria. It is based on phenotypic and genomic properties of bacteria. About 500 reference strains have been used to initiate the database, including conventional phenotypic tests and the Biotype 100 (BioMerieux) galleries. The CABIQ system, with its database and reference matrices, is a guide on the tests to be done when identifying new isolates. The modules dealing with phenotypic and Biotype100 characteristics are already finalized. Results on repetitive PCR will soon be added to the system. This opens interesting perspectives for improving the reliability of computer-assisted identification.
Piezoelectric Teeth Aligners to Accelerate Orthodontics Treatment

A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Received: 13 April, 2019 Accepted: 28 August, 2019 Online: 15 May, 2020 In this paper, we are proposing a device that generates vibration to possibly reduce the duration required for the orthodontic treatment by enhancing the tooth movement. This is achieved by harmonically exciting a bio-compatible material, namely polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) to generate vibration and consequently a cyclic force at a low frequency of 30 Hz. (PVDF) is a very common piezoelectric polymer due to the high elasticity it can provide, biocompatibility, and its low cost compared to other piezoelectric materials. Applying a cyclic loading (vibration) in general will reverse bone loss, stimulate bone mass, induce cranial growth, and consequently accelerate tooth movement. This has a major effect on the patient’s treatment experience by reducing the associated pain and discomfort throughout the treatment process and hence improves the patient’s compliance with the treatment with negligible side effects compared to therapeutic treatments. The proposed device is fitted to a positioner or tooth aligner. The proposed device can accommodate a voltage harmonic function generator, a casing to house the battery and the microprocessor. Modern methods require a bulky and extra-oral device that is quite cumbrous to the patient. In this paper, an analytical model based on the distributed parameter approach is employed. Finite Element Analysis (FEM) is also employed to study and analyze the Piezoelectric actuation behavior.
Brood Parasitism in a Population of Common Eider (somateria Mollissima)

The common eider differs from many other ducks in being a colonial 'capital' breeder, producing eggs from stored resources. These traits are expected to influence the occurrence of conspecific brood parasitism (CBP), which is particularly common in waterfowl. We analysed CBP in an eider population in the central Baltic Sea 2001-2002, using non-destructive egg albumen sampling combined with protein fingerprinting. This technique greatly increases the detection of parasitic eggs compared to more traditional methods. Parasitic eggs occurred in 20-22% of 164 nests studied, 6% of 754 eggs being laid by other than the host female. Parasitism increased with nest density, was rather evenly distributed over the laying season, and occurred both early and late in the laying sequence of the host. Protein fingerprinting showed that host females laid up to seven eggs, more than previously reported. Among 33 parasitised nests 22 had one parasitic egg, nine had two and two had three. In all but one case all parasitic eggs within a nest were laid by the same female. Although colonial breeding facilitates CBP, it is less frequent in this eider population than in several other diving ducks. Possible contributing reasons are the relatively small clutch size and start of incubation after egg 2 or 3, limiting the time window for successful parasitism.
Economic Impact of Institutional Quality on Environmental Performance in Post-Soviet Countries

Maintaining the balance between economic growth and environmental performance is a new trend of challenges for developing countries. The economic impact of institutional quality on environmental performance is analyzed from 2001 to 2017 using multinational panel data for 15 Post Soviet-Countries. The indicators of institutional quality are government effectiveness and regulatory quality and this research is first of its kind utilizing a comprehensive Environmental Performance Index as an empirical paper for post-Soviet-Countries. This study has utilized an instrumental variable method in Generalized Method of Moments, in order to introduce dynamics and then check for endogeneity. Other controlling factors include GDP per capita, industrial manufacturing, energy efficiency, urbanization, and secondary education. The results indicate that institutional quality have a significant positive impact on environmental performance. It is suggested that the post-Soviet-Countries must ensure better institutions in order to sustain an environment for future generations.
“On Line Measuring in PM complex Parts by Conoscopic Holography”

Accurate measurement of complex sintered pieces is a slow process, requiring costly installations and equipments, and trained personnel. In on-line production, this leads to quality control and process feedback solutions where only a small set of pieces are fully inspected (with a high delay), and the major part being only tested by go/no go calipers gauges that can only assess the extreme values of some dimensions.
Diversity of Culturable Bacteria, from the Anaerobic Zone of the Meromictic Lake Pavin, Able to Perform Dissimilatory-Iron Reduction in Different in Vitro Conditions

A culture-dependent study was performed with the aim of assessing the carbon, electron and Fe(III) sources used for the dissimilatory Fe(III) reduction pathway and the diversity of culturable Fe(III)-reducers in the anoxic zone of the meromictic Lake Pavin. This metabolic pathway was investigated in enrichment cultures inoculated with water samples collected at 70 m depth in the anoxic zone of Lake Pavin. Combinations of different media, organic acids, and incubation gas phases were performed. The potential for Fe(III) reduction in the different growth conditions was assessed by measuring the accumulation of Fe(II) overtime. Bacterial community structure was determined in each growth conditions by Temporal Temperature gradient Gel Electrophoresis (TTGE) profiles of 16S rDNA genes and bands of interest in positive enrichments were sequenced. Comparisons of bacterial community structure between growth conditions revealed that the electron donor, the basal media as well as the Fe(III) source yielded to the selection of different bacterial populations, suggesting that Fe(III) reducers occupy different ecological niches in the anoxic zone of Lake Pavin. Facultative Fe(III) reducers, such as fermentative (e.g., Pseudomonas, Clostridium) and sulphate-reducing (e.g., Desulfovibrio sp.) bacteria, were retrieved in enrichments but well-known obligatory Fe(III) reducers (e.g., Geobacter) were not detected. A greater Fe(III) reduction was noted under H2:CO2 gas phase, suggesting that H2 is used as an electron donor for Fe(III) reduction. Acetate was not used as a precursor for this terminal electron-accepting process, and a high Fe(III) reduction was observed with fumarate provided as the electron donor and carbon sources suggesting that this metabolite may be energetically more beneficial for Fe(III)-reducers.
On Time

We discuss the question of time representation in models of concurrency. Time is the subject of this lecture. It is an important notion in almost any scientiﬁc area as well as in philosophy, theology, art, and literature. Time has kept the fascination of all thinkers, and the study of time in physics for example is of prime importance. In Engineering too, time is extremely important. Perhaps Mathematics is an exception in that time is not intrinsic to the ﬁeld, since this eternal ediﬁce seems to have an existence out of Time. Of course, as a human endeavor, the development of Mathematics is immersed in Time, but as a subject it seems to be beyond its domain. For Computer Science, being both engineering and mathematics, both a theoretical and an applied science, Time is an issue of prime importance, and therefore the question of its representation is dealt in the following lectures
Reproductive costs in two sex-role reversed pipefish species (Syngnathidae)

(1) In two species of pipefish (Syngnathidae) the reproductive costs of the two sexes were compared to see how they might influence patterns of sex-role reversal. (2) In Syngnathus typhle, males brood their offspring in a brood pouch, providing them with nutrients and oxygen. Sexes are monomorphic. Males faced reproductive costs in terms of a lower food intake compared with females. Also, males grew more slowly than females, which yields a cost to future reproduction, as larger males could brood more offspring. No sexual difference in predation risk was found. The over-winter survival of males was probably lowered because intestinal fat deposition was delayed as a result of their reproductive efforts. (3) In Nerophis ophidion, males brood their offspring attached to their ventral body side, and provide them with nutrients and oxygen. Sexes are dimorphic, females being larger and brighter in colour. Males suffered an increased predation risk when brooding. No indications of energetic costs were found, e.g. through a lowered food intake or a slower growth rate. (4) Reproductive costs differed in the two species, probably reflecting differences in brood care. However, in both species the limiting sex, males, faced higher reproductive costs than females, as would be expected in sex-role reversed animals.
"Know Thyself": A Review of True Self

Throughout the years "Know Thyself", as an old aphorism, has been discussed by laypeople and researchers alike. It continues to hold a vital position in contemporary psychology. According to the traditional psychoanalytic and humanistic theories, being aware of and behaving in accordance with one's true self, improves an individual's psychological health. However, what the "true self" is, and how it affects people's daily lives, continues to be explored. In the present study, we reviewed the history and definition of the true self. Based on the characteristics found in previous research, we tentatively defined the true self as "a set of mental representations of the inherent, private, and stable attributions of oneself; reflective of whom an individual thinks he/she really is. " Following that, we reviewed several ways of measuring or assessing the true self, and compared advantages and disadvantages of them. We also reviewed the effects the true self has on people's meaning in life, decision satisfaction, and moral judgment, as well as psychological health. Finally, we suggested that it is crucial to define the true self more clearly, to develop methods to measure or assess it more accurately, and to investigate the fundamental mechanisms by which it benefits to people.