Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Uptake of the anticancer drug cisplatin mediated by the copper transporter Ctr1 in yeast and mammals

Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic drug used to treat a variety of cancers. Both intrinsic and acquired resistance to cisplatin, as well as toxicity, limit its effectiveness. Molecular mechanisms that underlie cisplatin resistance are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that deletion of the yeast CTR1 gene, which encodes a high-affinity copper transporter, results in increased cisplatin resistance and reduced intracellular accumulation of cisplatin. Copper, which causes degradation and internalization of Ctr1 protein (Ctr1p), enhances survival of wild-type yeast cells exposed to cisplatin and reduces cellular accumulation of the drug. Cisplatin also causes degradation and delocalization of Ctr1p and interferes with copper uptake in wild-type yeast cells. Mouse cell lines lacking one or both mouse Ctr1 (mCtr1) alleles exhibit increased cisplatin resistance and decreased cisplatin accumulation in parallel with mCtr1 gene dosage. We propose that cisplatin uptake is mediated by the copper transporter Ctr1p in yeast and mammals. The link between Ctr1p and cisplatin transport may explain some cases of cisplatin resistance in humans and suggests ways of modulating sensitivity and toxicity to this important anticancer drug.
Development of visualization toolbox for monitoring electromechanical oscillations

Low frequency power oscillations are well-known problem in the contest of power system stability issues. Some of these oscillations get triggered due to events, but can be damped out. On the other hand, undamped oscillations result into system collapse. In this regard, Wide Area Monitoring Systems (WAMS) using Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) signals can assist in monitoring of power oscillations. This paper presents a scheme for visual monitoring of low frequency power oscillations. The scheme uses empirical mode decomposition (EMD) technique to decompose the segmented moving window frame of PMUs signal and provide relevant information of mode and damping. In the developed visualization toolbox, it is possible to know several low frequency modes present in the segmented frame and how frequently these are observed in the entire length of PMUs data.
Syntaxtree aligner: A web-based parallel tree alignment toolkit

This paper presents the SyntaxTree Aligner, a web-based language-independent syntactic trees construction and alignment platform for monolingual and bilingual sentences. This platform has served as an assisting tool for language annotator to the construction of high-quality parallel treebank, in a visual way. It combines the strengths of some existing treebank construction tools, i.e. well-defined Tiger-XML representation for syntactic structures, Stockholm-XML format of tree alignments, and monolingual (bilingual) tree annotation and revision interface, while addressing some of their common shortcomings, i.e. tools have to be installed in the local computer. The platform supports various annotation schemes, such as the annotation scheme used in Penn Treebank, and the universal tag set. We report the ongoing construction work of two parallel treebanks, Chinese-English and Chinese-Portuguese, using SyntaxTree Aligner. The SyntaxTree Aligner is freely available at http://nlp2ct.cis. umac.mo.
Proteolytic digestion of reovirus in the intestinal lumens of neonatal mice

Two approaches were used to demonstrate proteolysis of reovirus in the intestine of the neonatal mouse. The first approach utilized peroral inoculation of radiolabeled virus into neonatal mice; the intestinal washings were harvested at 0 to 30 min postinoculation. The virus recovered from the intestinal washings was electrophoresed in polyacrylamide to determine whether proteolytic digestion of viral proteins had occurred. Complete loss of sigma 3 and generation of the mu 1c cleavage product delta demonstrated that digestion occurred within 10 to 30 min after the inoculation, resulting in the rapid generation of intermediate subviral particles (ISVPs). The products formed resembled those seen when the virus is digested in vitro with chymotrypsin. The second approach took advantage of the fact that ISVPs grow in cells treated with NH4Cl, whereas intact virus does not grow under these conditions (L. J. Sturzenbecker, M. Nibert, D. Furlong, and B. N. Fields, J. Virol. 61:2351-2361, 1987). Thus, assaying virus for its ability to grow in NH4Cl-treated cells represents a means of ascertaining whether the samples contain ISVPs. Using this approach, we demonstrated that up to 8 h postinoculation ISVPs predominate in the intestinal tissue and in the intestinal lumen. Between 8 and 15 h postinoculation, there is a loss in the proportion of ISVPs in the tissue so that by 15 h postinoculation ISVPs are no longer detectable in intestinal tissue washed of lumen contents and virus. In contrast, the lumen of the intestine contains some ISVPs at all times postinoculation. Thus, after peroral inoculation, the mammalian reoviruses are converted to proteolytically cleaved virus, suggesting that proteolysis plays an important role in initiation of infection in the gastrointestinal tract.
Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders in New Zealand Prisons: A National Study

Objective: The paper describes the methodologies and results obtained on a large cohort of prison inmates in New Zealand who were screened for psychiatric disorder. Method: All women and remanded male inmates in New Zealand prisons, and a randomly selected cohort of 18% of sentenced male inmates were interviewed. Interviewers used the Composite International Diagnostic Interview –Automated to establish DSM-IV diagnoses, and the Personality Disorders Questionnaire to identify personality disorder. All prisons in New Zealand were visited. Results: The results indicate markedly elevated prevalence rates for major mental disorder in the prison population when compared with community samples. This is especially the case for substance misuse, psychotic disorders, major depression, bipolar disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. Of particular concern is not only the increased prevalence rates for schizophrenia and related disorders but also the high level of comorbidity with substance misuse disorders demonstrated by this group. While 80.8% of inmates diagnosed with bipolar disorder were receiving psychiatric treatment in the prison, only 46.4% of depressed inmates and 37% of those suffering from psychosis were receiving treatment. Maori inmates were grossly overrepresented in the remand, female and male sentenced inmate population compared with the general population. Conclusions: A significant increase in provision of mental health services is required to cope with the high number of mentally ill inmates. The level of need demonstrated by this study requires a level of service provision that is quite beyond the capacity of current forensic psychiatry services, Department of Corrections Psychological Services or the prison nursing and medical officers. The elevated rates of common mental disorders argues for the use of improved psychiatric screening instruments, improved assessment and treatment capacities in the prison and an increased number of forensic psychiatric inpatient facilities to care for those psychotic inmates who are too unwell to be treated in the prison.
Soft-CASA system for single channel speech separation

In this paper we study the masking effect on Computational Auditory Scene Analysis (CASA) based systems for single channel speech separation (SCSS). In this study, we focus on the benchmark masks of the literature that are namely: the ideal binary mask (IBM), the binary mask (BM) and soft mask. Each system is evaluated objectively and subjectively in order to highlight the effect of each mask on the intelligibility and the quality of the separated speech. Based on this study we develop a new system, that we call Soft-CASA for SCSS that outperforms the original one. The proposed system achieves 28.84% improvement in the Short-time Objective Intelligibility (STOI) parameter, 7.1% improvement in SNRloss and 92% improvement in overall perceptual score (OPS), compared to the original system.
Antituberculosis drugs in children

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global threat to children, as it often goes undiagnosed and leads to high morbidity and mortality. Active contact tracing leading to initiation of preventive therapy and early diagnosis with immediate effective treatment, whether it is drug‐susceptible or drug‐resistant TB, could reduce mortality and morbidity. In order to achieve this it is necessary to understand the currently available drugs, their role in treatment, their doses, and adverse effects. However, there is still limited pharmacokinetic data on antituberculosis drugs in children, few child‐friendly formulations, and knowledge gaps regarding their pharmacodynamics. A discussion of the available antituberculosis drugs is presented, with a focus on their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, to provide reasoning for the currently recommended doses for children. More pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics studies, for both existing and novel drugs, are urgently needed to optimize dosing of antituberculosis drugs in children and for development of child‐friendly formulations.
egulation of N 2 fixation and NO 3 − / NH 4 + assimilation in nodulated nd N-fertilized Phaseolus vulgaris L . exposed to high emperature stress

Legumes need large amounts of N to grow satisfactorily. Under low NO3− availability in the soil, many legumes meet their N requirements by N2 fixation in association with rhizobia. Both NO3− uptake and N2 fixation decrease as temperature exceeds optimal growth conditions, but the mechanisms of regulation of N2 fixation and NO3−/NH4+ assimilation under high temperature stress are not completely understood. We describe an experiment in which physiological mechanisms regulating N metabolism of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are investigated in plants submitted to daily maximum temperatures of 28, 34 and 39 ◦C. Common bean was grown in symbiosis with each of six rhizobial strains—belonging to four different species and varying in N2 fixation effectiveness—or fertilized with NO3− until flowering. Harvest measurements included the activities of shoot, stem and root NO3− reductase (NR), nodule glutamine synthetase (GS), NADH-dependent glutamate synthase (GOGAT), nitrogenase, phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase (PEPcase), N-export rates by nodules and concentration of N compounds in the xylem sap. Higher temperatures inhibited N2 fixation resulting in lower proportion of ureide-N in nodules and xylem sap of nodulated plants in relation to amide-N and -amino-N. Higher temperatures consistently reduced the activity of NR in leaves of N-fertilized plants. Higher temperatures also decreased N exported from nodules and activities of nitrogenase, GS, GOGAT and PEPcase. The rate of decreases varied in plants with different strains. Furthermore, the activities of GS and GOGAT were more strongly affected by high temperatures than the activity of nitrogenase. There was a remarkable increase in the concentration of NH4-N and ureide-N in the nodules when GS and GOGAT activities decreased. Therefore, the results provide evidence that N2 fixation in common bean submitted to heat stress is limited by NH4 assimilation via GS-GOGAT rather than by decreased activity of nitrogenase. Rhizobial effectiveness determined the degree of down-regulation of GS-GOGAT activity in nodule tissues.
Controlled cortical impact injury influences methylphenidate‐induced changes in striatal dopamine neurotransmission

Traumatic brain injury features deficits are often ameliorated by dopamine (DA) agonists. We have previously shown deficits in striatal DA neurotransmission using fast scan cyclic voltammetry after controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury that are reversed after daily treatment with the DA uptake inhibitor methylphenidate (MPH). The goal of this study was to determine how a single dose of MPH (5 mg/kg) induces changes in basal DA and metabolite levels and with electrically evoked overflow (EO) DA in the striatum of CCI rats. MPH‐induced changes in EO DA after a 2‐week daily pre‐treatment regime with MPH was also assessed. There were no baseline differences in basal DA or metabolite levels. MPH injection significantly increased basal [DA] output in dialysates for control but not injured rats. Also, MPH injection increased striatal peak EO [DA] to a lesser degree in CCI (176% of baseline) versus control rats (233% of baseline). However, daily pre‐treatment with MPH resulted in CCI rats having a comparable increase in EO [DA] after MPH injection when compared with controls. The findings further support the concept that daily MPH therapy restores striatal DA neurotransmission after CCI.
Mx-dependent resistance to influenza viruses is induced by mouse interferons alpha and beta but not gamma.

In cells derived from congenic BALB.A2G-Mx mice carrying the resistance gene Mx, but not in cells from BALB/c mice lacking Mx, mouse interferons alpha and beta induced the synthesis of a unique cellular protein that was associated with an efficient antiviral state with selectivity for influenza viruses. In contrast, native or recombinant mouse interferon gamma failed to efficiently protect Mx-bearing cells against influenza viruses and did not noticeably induce the synthesis of the Mx-associated protein, although interferon gamma was as effective as interferons alpha and beta in protecting BALB.A2G-Mx and BALB/c cells against the rhabdovirus VSV. These results demonstrate that different types of interferons differentially regulate the expression of the Mx gene and thereby induce distinct antiviral states.
Identification of Uteroglobin-Related Protein 1 and Macrophage Scavenger Receptor with Collagenous Structure as a Lung-Specific Ligand-Receptor Pair1

High in normal (HIN)-1 is a secreted protein highly expressed in normal breast epithelium and down-regulated in breast carcinomas. By searching GenBank expressed sequence tag databases, we identified HIN-2, a protein homologous to HIN-1. HIN-2 is identical with a recently identified protein called uteroglobin-related protein 1 (UGRP1). Northern blot analysis demonstrated that UGRP1 is specifically expressed by lung, but not by the other tissues examined. By in situ hybridization experiments, UGRP1 was shown to be expressed by lung Clara-like cells in the bronchial epithelium and to be up-regulated in cystic fibrosis. In a mammalian expression system, secreted recombinant UGRP1 was copurified with apolipoprotein A-I. Using a retroviral vector-mediated expression cloning approach, we identified macrophage scavenger receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO) as a receptor for UGRP1. Northern blot and in situ hybridization experiments indicated that MARCO is expressed by alveolar macrophages in the lung. UGRP1 also bound to bacteria and yeast. LPS, a previously identified MARCO ligand, competed with UGRP1 for binding to MARCO and bacteria. Our findings suggest that UGRP1-MARCO is a ligand-receptor pair that is probably involved in inflammation and pathogen clearance in the lung.
Veto Players, Intertemporal Interactions and Policy Adaptability: How Do Political Institutions Work?

Veto player theory argues that a higher number of veto players lowers the likelihood of change; in turn, policies that do not change help to sustain commitments but may prevent adaptation to changing circumstances. This paper challenges that claim of veto player theory by arguing that policy stability does not necessarily mean lower policy adaptability. If policymaking takes place over time with actors interacting repeatedly, more cooperative polities might be able to achieve both objectives at once, and a higher number of veto players might even favor intertemporal cooperation. The paper presents a simple formalization of the argument and some supportive cross-national empirical evidence.
Vehicle-to-vehicle communication: End-to-end performance evaluation in dense propagation environments

In this paper, an analytical methodology for the performance evaluation and dimensioning of end-to-end transmissions in Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication systems is presented. The proposed methodology is focused on dense propagation environments such as urban roads and Manhattan grid topologies with dense infrastructure, tunnels and large parking garages where both large and small scale fading effects strongly determine the V2V communication system's performance. In our analysis, we calculate the aggregated bit error probability through multi-hop transmissions, considering the vehicles' spatial distribution under realistic propagation and well accepted channel models. The Nakagami-m channel model is considered for the small scale fading effects and a composite channel model appropriate for the complex environments is also employed. The proposed model may be used for the accurate evaluation of vehicular networks dedicated for safety reasons and many intelligent transportation applications.
Back pain in patients with severe osteoporosis on teriparatide or antiresorptives: a prospective observational study in a multiethnic population.

INTRODUCTION We evaluated reduced back pain in a multiethnic population treated with teriparatide and/or antiresorptives in real-life clinical settings over 12 months. METHODS This prospective observational study comprised 562 men and postmenopausal women (mean age 68.8 years) receiving either teriparatide (n = 230), antiresorptives (raloxifene or bisphosphonates; n = 322), or both (n = 10) for severe osteoporosis. The primary endpoint was the relative risk of new/worsening back pain at six months. RESULTS At baseline, a higher proportion of teriparatide-treated than antiresorptive-treated patients had severe back pain (30.9% vs. 17.7%), extreme pain/discomfort (25.3% vs. 16.8%), extreme anxiety/depression (16.6% vs. 7.8%) and were confined to bed (10.0% vs. 5.3%). Teriparatide-treated patients had higher visual analog scale (VAS) scores for pain (5.8 ± 2.42 vs. 5.1 ± 2.58) and lower mean European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) scores (37.7 ± 29.15 vs. 45.5 ± 31.42) than antiresorptive-treated patients. The incidence of new/worsening back pain at six months for patients on teriparatide and antiresorptives was 9.8% and 10.3% (relative risk 0.99, 95% confidence interval 0.80-1.23), respectively. The incidence of severe back pain at 12 months was 1.3% and 1.6% in the teriparatide and antiresorptive treatment groups, respectively. Teriparatide-treated patients had lower mean VAS (2.71 ± 2.21 vs. 3.30 ± 2.37) and EQ‑5D (46.1 ± 33.18 vs. 55.4 ± 32.65) scores at 12 months. More teriparatide-treated patients felt better (82.7% vs. 71.0%) and were very satisfied with treatment (49.4% vs. 36.8%) compared to antiresorptive-treated patients. CONCLUSION Patients treated with either teriparatide or antiresorptives had similar risk of new/worsening back pain at six months.
Fully Printed Gap Waveguide With Facilitated Design Properties

An improved concept is introduced to facilitate the design of low-loss planar circuits using printed gap waveguide technology. The method is based on using separate layers to realize the EBG cells and the lines. As a result, the operating bandwidth of the waveguide is increased compared to the printed ridge gap waveguide. Also, the design process is simplified regarding the placement of the cells around the resonators and lines. Measured results of a line with two 90° bends and a quadruplet bandpass filter are presented that prove the concept. A transition to microstrip line is used in order to acquire the ability to use test probe fixture.
An integral system for assisted mobility [automated wheelchair]

The modularity of the electronic guidance systems of the SIAMO wheelchair allows for user-specific adaptability based on environment and degree of handicap. The overall system includes an innovative user-machine interface, a complete sensory subsystem (ultrasonic, infrared, vision, etc), and an advanced strategy of control and navigation. This allows different alternatives for guidance and guarantees user safety and comfort.
Technological Capabilities and Local Firms Upgrading within Global Value Chains

From current literature on global value chains (GVCs), the firm is explicitly regarded as the central actor, but it is invariably treated as a black box and most of researchers have neglected what happened inside the firm. In fact, what goes in inside the firm matters a lot. This paper aims to introduce technological capability (TC) approach into the framework of global value chain theory to open the black box of firms and analyze the relationship between technological capabilities and local firms upgrading. Moreover it presents a new classification of technological capabilities from the perspective of knowledge and proposes a new framework for analyzing the mechanism of local firms upgrading within GVCs.
Recognition of Mental Illness and Suicidality Among Individuals With Serious Mental Illness

This preliminary study investigated the association of insight (defined as a patient's recognition of having a mental illness) with depression and suicidality among individuals with schizophrenia (N = 1009), bipolar I disorder (N = 297), and recurrent major depression (N = 162). Participants completed interviews at 2 time periods, 6-months apart. Individuals who were recognized having a mental illness reported significantly greater depression than those who denied having a mental illness. Recognition of mental illness was significantly related, both retrospective and prospectively, with suicidal ideation and attempts. No significant differences were found between the diagnostic groups in these relationships. Although there are many clinical benefits associated with insight, these findings suggest there may possibly be cause for concern in attempting to increase insight among individuals with a serious mental illness. However, current evidence suggests that certain forms of treatment may be beneficial in improving insight, while resulting in a decrease in negative affect, rather than an increase.
Flying capacitor multilevel inverter based shunt active power filter with trifling susceptibility to divisional voltages deregulation

Due to increasing utilization of shunt active power filter (APF) in power systems, necessarily it has to be effective and reliable as much as possible. In this paper to enjoy of multilevel inverter advantages in active filtering task, a shunt APF based on flying capacitor multilevel inverter is presented. The power section of this active filter is viewed as analog to digital converter; as a result a multilevel Sigma-Delta modulation control can be utilized to control power section of APF aimed at reducing sensitivity to flying capacitor voltage deregulation and improving modulator performance. In control section of this APF, perfect harmonic cancellation (PHC) method which is capable of correct action under any condition of use, is exploit. Simulation studies are performed using PSCAD/EMTDC® to validate proposed APF performance.
Filling out the forms: Health literacy among the uninsured

ABSTRACT This study addresses health literacy among patients at a free clinic in Syracuse, NY. Researchers conducted chart reviews of 600 patients and qualitative interviews with 22 patients and 7 providers. Most clinic patients had a high school, or higher, level education and no difficulty with reading comprehension. Nevertheless, a majority had at least some difficulty with comprehending and following through on health information. For many interviewees, the greatest difficulty was completing the required forms for entitlement programs. The findings demonstrate that low health literacy may occur even among well-educated patients and recommend that health literacy be assessed for all patients.