Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thermomechanics of phase transitions of the first order in solids

Methods of nonequilibrium thermodynamics and continuum mechanics are used for studying phase transitions of the first order in deformable solids with elastic and viscoelastic rheology. A phase transition of the first order is treated as the transition from one branch of the response functional to another as soon as state parameters reach certain threshold values determined by thermodynamic phase potentials and boundary conditions of the problem. Notions of kinematic and rheological characteristics of a phase transition associated with the change of the symmetry group due to the structural transformation and with the dierence between thermodynamic potentials in undistorted phase configurations are introduced. In a quasi-thermostatic approximation, when inertia forces and temperature gradients are small, a close system of equations on the interface between deformable solid phases is formulated using laws of conservation. The system of the latter includes, in addition to the traditional balance equations of mass, momentum and energy, the divergence equation ensuring the compatibility of finite strains and velocities. As distinct from the classical case of the liquid (gas) phase equilibrium, the phase transition in solids is supposed to be irreversible due to the presence of singular sources of entropy of the delta function type whose carrier concentrates on the interface between the phases. The relations on the interface including the continuity conditions of the displacement vector, temperature, mass flux and the stress vector, as well as a certain restraint imposed on the jump of the normal component of the chemical potential tensor, are discussed. The latter restraint makes the resulting relations basically distinct from the classical conditions of the phase equilibrium. A generalized Clapeyron-Clausius equation governing the dierential dependence of the phase transition temperature on the initial phase deformation is formulated. The paper presents a new relation of the phase transformation theory, namely, the equation describing the dierential dependence of the phase transition temperature on the interface orientation relative to the anisotropy axes and the principal axes of the initial phase strain tensor. Based on the relations derived in this study, the phase transformation temperature of an initially isotropic material is shown to assume extreme values if the normal to the interface coincides with the direction of a principal axis of the initial phase strain tensor. The phase transition of the first order in a linear thermoelastic material with small strain values and small deviations of the temperature from its initial value is discussed in detail. A class of materials is distinguished in which an increase in the initial phase strain necessarily changes the character of the phase transformation (a normal phase transition becomes an anomalous one and vice versa). The equilibrium of a compressed viscoelastic layer admitting melting and the eect of stress relaxation in the solid phase on the fluid boundary motion are examined.
Scientific Goals of the Kunlun Infrared Sky Survey (KISS)

Abstract The high Antarctic plateau provides exceptional conditions for infrared observations on account of the cold, dry and stable atmosphere above the ice surface. This paper describes the scientific goals behind the first program to examine the time-varying universe in the infrared from Antarctica — the Kunlun Infrared Sky Survey (KISS). This will employ a 50cm telescope to monitor the southern skies in the 2. 4μmK dark window from China's Kunlun station at Dome A, on the summit of the Antarctic plateau, through the uninterrupted 4-month period of winter darkness. An earlier paper discussed optimisation of the K dark filter for sensitivity (Li et al. 2016). This paper examines the scientific program for KISS. We calculate the sensitivity of the camera for the extrema of observing conditions that will be encountered. We present the parameters for sample surveys that could then be carried out for a range of cadences and sensitivities. We then discuss several science programs that could be conducted with these capabilities, involving star formation, brown dwarfs and hot Jupiters, exoplanets around M dwarfs, the terminal phases of stellar evolution, fast transients, embedded supernova searches, reverberation mapping of AGN, gamma ray bursts and the detection of the cosmic infrared background.
New Trends in Layered Zeolites

Layered zeolites, with a flexible and changeable interlayer connection, can be modified to give a great number of derivative structures with enlarged pore sizes or enhanced external surface areas, via swelling, delamination, pillaring, or silylation. In recent years, great efforts have been devoted to the synthesis of novel-layered zeolite precursors, by using the specially designed bifunctional amphiphilic surfactants as the structure-directing agents or through the selective degradation of double four ring-containing germanosilicates. In addition, the novel modifications, such as mild delamination, interlayer expansion assisted by deconstruction-recon-struction, and layer-stacking reorganization by dissolution-recrystallization, have also been developed to create more derivatives while achieving better preservation of layer structures. Recent progresses in the field of layered zeolites are summarized in this chapter, and the challenges for future development are also proposed.
Unintended Consequences of Enforcement in a Fisheries Institution: Results from an Artefactual Experiment in Tanzania

Overfishing and the destruction of fishing commons in developing countries is a growing problem. Policymakers and local community leaders are looking for solutions to keep their fishing commons sustainable. Fines and enforcement mechanisms are commonly suggested to help preserve the commons. This paper discusses a novel artefactual experiment conducted throughout several fishing communities in Tanzania to determine the effect of enforcing a ban on illegal fishing gear on fishing behavior. Results indicate that the fishers in the enforcement treatment group depleted the fish stock significantly faster than the unenforced control group. One possible explanation for this result is that the players in the enforcement group responded to cheating players by increasing their fishing efforts as a grim trigger response. Alternatively, the ban and subsequent enforcement mechanism crowded out fishers’ intrinsic attitudes to sustain the resource for future rounds in the game. The fishers may have been more focused on not using illegal fishing gear than they were with sustaining the resource.
Linear optimization and mathematical finance

A goal of this short note is to explain how linear optimization, also called linear programming (LP), may be used to solve two basic problems in mathematical finance concerning arbitrage and dominant trading strategies, respectively. The note is an extension of a previous version [1] where we want to make the presentation self-contained, with complete proofs of the duality theorem of linear optimization. We focus on the discrete one-step model in mathematical finance. What we obtain are new proofs based on LP duality, and an efficient computational approach for these problems. The idea here is to start with some “natural” LP problems describing the investors problem. This note supplements the presentation in [3]. (The proofs in [3], see (1.9) and (1.16), are related, but different. ) However, as many students of mathematical finance are not familiar with LP, a brief introduction to this topic is in order. In particular, a proof of the important linear programming duality theorem will be given. Our proof is based on convex analysis, in particular the separating hyperplane theorem and Farkas’ lemma. For an introduction to linear optimization, including efficient algorithms, we recommend [4] (here a constructive proof of the duality theorem based on the simplex algorithm is given). We treat vectors as column vectors and O denotes the zero vector (or matrix).
A revisit of semiparametric regression models with missing data

The theoretical results in Robins, Rotnitzky and Zhao (1994) and Robins and Rotnitzky (1992) are revisited for semiparametric regression models with miss- ing data. The main results provide a more relevant format for the calculations of ecien t score functions. The intuition behind those abstract results and major steps of their proofs are discussed. The surrogate outcome regression problem is studied as a new application. Beyond the derivation of its ecien t score function, an estimating method based on the ecien t score function is proposed. A set of regularity conditions is given that provides desirable large sample properties for the proposed method.
A New Efficient Checkpointing Algorithm for Distributed Mobile Computing

Mobile networks have been quickly adopted by many companies and individuals. However, multiple factors such as mobility and limited resources often constrain availability and thus cause instability of the wireless environment. Such instability poses serious challenge for fault tolerant distributed mobile applications. Therefore, the classical checkpointing techniques, which make the applications more failure-resistant, are not always compatible with the mobile context. In fact, it is necessary now to think about other techniques or at least adapt those to devise effective and well suited techniques for the mobile environment. Considering this issue, the contribution in this paper is a proposal of a new checkpointing algorithm suitable for mobile computing systems. This algorithm is characterized by its efficiency and optimization in terms of incurred time-space overhead during checkpointing process and normal application running period.
A review on medication of diabetes mellitus and antidiabetic medicinal plants

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to defect in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. The aim of the diabetes treatment is primarily to save life and alleviate symptoms and secondary to prevent long term diabetic complications and, by eliminating various risk factors. The conventional drugs developed along the principles of western medicine are often limited in efficacy, carry the risk of adverse effects and are often costly, especially for the developing world. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus continues to rise worldwide. With the increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus in rural populations throughout the world, the inability of current therapies to control all the metabolic defects of the disease and their pathological consequences, and the expense of modern therapy, there is a clear need for the development of alternative strategies for diabetes therapy. The mechanism of action of herbal antidiabetic could be; stimulation of insulin secretion from beta cells, reduction in insulin resistance, stimulation of glycogenesis and hepatic glycolysis, activation of PPAR γ, inhibition of β-galactocidase and α–glucocidase and inhibition of glucose absorption from small intestine. Therefore, this review summarizes the current different antidiabetic drugs and also provides an overview of several medicinal plants used traditionally in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
A Review of the Effect of Processing Variables on the Fabrication of Electrospun Nanofibers for Drug Delivery Applications

Electrospinning is a fast emerging technique for producing ultrafine fibers by utilizing electrostatic repulsive forces. The technique has gathered much attention due to the emergence of nanotechnology that sparked worldwide research interest in nanomaterials for their preparation and application in biomedicine and drug delivery. Electrospinning is a simple, adaptable, cost-effective, and versatile technique for producing nanofibers. For effective and efficient use of the technique, several processing parameters need to be optimized for fabricating polymeric nanofibers. The nanofiber morphology, size, porosity, surface area, and topography can be refined by varying these parameters. Such flexibility and diversity in nanofiber fabrication by electrospinning has broadened the horizons for widespread application of nanofibers in the areas of drug and gene delivery, wound dressing, and tissue engineering. Drug-loaded electrospun nanofibers have been used in implants, transdermal systems, wound dressings, and as devices for aiding the prevention of postsurgical abdominal adhesions and infection. They show great promise for use in drug delivery provided that one can confidently control the processing variables during fabrication. This paper provides a concise incursion into the application of electrospun nanofibers in drug delivery and cites pertinent processing parameters that may influence the performance of the nanofibers when applied to drug delivery.
Tissue Characterization of Coronary Plaque by Using Fractal Analysis-based Features of IVUS RF-signal

We propose a precise tissue characterization method of coronary plaque by using fractal analysis-based features which are obtained from radiofrequency (RF) signal employing intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) method. The IVUS method is used for the diagnosis of the acute coronary syndromes (ACS). In the proposed method, the fact that the RF signal reflects the complexity of the structure of tissue is used. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified through a series of experiments by using IVUS RF signals obtained from a rabbit and a human patient.
Development of Electronic Document Archive Management System (EDAMS): A Case Study of a University Registrar in the Philippines

The traditional method of data storage has shown its impact in managing documents from security, retrieval, and monitoring. Many kinds of literature suggest that this approach would result in low job satisfaction rating from its clients. Leyte Normal University’s Office of the Registrar is no escape in this dilemma. In November 2013, the university experienced the strongest typhoon ever recorded known as Haiyan locally known as Yolanda . The archive/storage area of the Registrar was heavily affected were most of the documents scattered and deteriorated. With this experience, it is empirical to study to provide a practical solution. The researcher utilized embedded single case study using thematic analysis in identifying the issues and coping strategies of the seven participants through in-depth interviews, focus group discussion, and observation. Moreover, the utilization of Systems Development Life Cycle’s Sashimi model in developing the software was carried out. The result revealed various issues and coping strategies mentioned by the participants, from a limited storage area to difficulty in document retrieval and monitoring, and from the utilization of logbook to misclassification of records. Finally, the results became the basis for developing the electronic document archive and management system (EDAMS).
The δ18O of dissolved O2 as a tracer of mixing and respiration in the mesopelagic ocean

The isotopic composition of dissolved oxygen in the mesopelagic ocean is a unique tracer of respiration and transport. New δ18O of O2 data from the tropical South Atlantic oxygen minimum zone are presented and compared to global δ18O data. The δ18O variability in oxygen poor waters is attributed to differences in physical and biogeochemical processes. Simple respiration‐transport models show that both isopycnal diffusion and advection must be properly considered when interpreting oxygen isotope signatures along an isopycnal surface. We estimate rates of respiration and oxygen isotope fractionation for the study region using a two‐dimensional (2‐D) isopycnal and 1‐D diapycnal model. Estimated respiration rates are consistent with previous studies. However, to account for observed δ18O values at low [O2], model solutions need to invoke either very low [O2] that have not been observed in the South Atlantic or an isotope effect that is lower than values measured in the laboratory or euphotic zone.
Evaluating Normalization Procedures on Reducing the Effect of Gender in Persian Vowel Space

This study is to evaluate vowel normalization procedures in Persian continuous speech, from IRIB broadcasters, on the basis of their effectiveness in neutralizing differences in vowel formant data due to inter-speaker physiological and anatomical-genderdifferences. The selection among various normalization technique depends on their significance in the previous literature and the kind of measurement involved in the provided database. The assessment is mainly performed following Watt & Fabricious method [31] in evaluation a technique for improving the mapping of multiple speakers vowel spaces in F1~F2plane. That is done on the basis of increasing in mapping between speaker‘s vowel triangles along two continuous parameters: (a) the ratio of the area of the female speakers‘ s vowel triangle to that of male speakers triangle and (b) the degree of overlap between the two triangle, expressed in terms of that percentage of the male speakers‘ s triangle which overlaps with the female speaker‘s triangle and vice versa. We creatively add the third parameter called intersection/union area in which (∆M∩∆F) is the combination of the two triangles and is named union area while (∆MU∆F) is the common area between the two vowel spaces, referred to as intersection area.
IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT AREAS AND EXTRACTION OF URBAN LAND USE INFORMATION BASED ON OPEN SOURCE DATA

The optimization of urban land use is a very important aspect of sustainable urban development, including recycling abandoned land and further developing in use areas. However, limited knowledge of these kinds of areas and their property have been restricting end users to explore and reuse them. URBIS (Urban land recycling information services for sustainable cities) is a European project aiming to identify urban areas which have potential to be further developed as well as to extract their land use information based on open spatial data. Urban Atlas, satellite images, and OpenStreetMap are chosen as main input data source. Through a first selection polygons which represent land without current use, green open spaces, gaps between buildings etc. are chosen and stored in a layer named as green layer, and polygons standing for brownfields are stored in another layer called grey layer. These two layers collect urban potential development areas (PDAs) which have high possibility to be considered by decision makers. To provide a comprehensive view about PDAs, physical properties (for example, location, size), vegetation coverage, transportation information etc. are also calculated and attached as attributes to the polygons. Furthermore, our results are presented through online interactive maps. Thus, end users cannot only view all these areas but also select their own areas of interest according to particular attributes. The URBIS strategy has been successfully implemented in three pilot cities, Osnabrueck (Germany), Amiens (France), and the Moravian-Silesian Region (Czech Republic). Our site selection and property calculation methods have been done in databases and all programs are open to the public, which means URBIS provides a methodology to be expanded to other European cities. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017. 127
Measuring the Significance of Multi-use Outdoor Recreation Resources: A Comparative Analysis of Three Sites in New Zealand

Abstract When recreation researchers are asked to identify the significance of a recreational resource they face the difficult task of assembling a wide range of data to guide what is inevitably a partly subjective assessment. Where that assessment influences planning decisions about resource development, the judgement as to whether a resource is, for example, ‘nationally’ or ‘regionally’ significant may be contentious and should be clearly justified. This paper reviews the findings of three visitor surveys in New Zealand, on the Hurunui River, Waitaki River and the Port Hills near Christchurch, and the use of a ‘visitor profiling’ exercise designed to assist in the assessment of resource significance. The ‘visitor profiles’ of each resource are compared using five indicators: loyalty, total loyalty, frequency, localness and alternatives. By helping to create an accessible image of the ‘average’ recreational visitor for a particular activity, the profiles have proved useful in assisting assessments of significance.
Biodiversity of freshwater autotrophs in selected wet places in northern coastal ecosystems of James Ross Island

Freshwater algae and cyanobacteria, their biodiversity in particular, have been studied at the James Ross Island (Antarctica) since 2004. The ma in aim of presented study was to contribute to species list of a particular seepage that has been monitored repeatedly on the northern deglaciated part of the Island. The seepage is located on north - facing slopes of Berry Hill and supplied by melt water fr om annual snow depositions and frozen ground . M icroclimate condition s ha ve been monitored by an automatic weather station since 2012. For the purpose of this study, samples of microbiological mats were col - lected from bottom of three streams passing throug h the seepage dominated by several moss species. Algal and cyanobacterial taxa were determined according to morpho - logical characteristics. Species richness differ ences between sampling sites were found and evaluated. Dominating taxa differed between sampl ing sites as well. The species reported in our study were compared with existing literature sources related to James Ross Island. Altogether, 44 algal and cyanobacterial taxa were found. Biodiversity of the seepage is discussed and related to microclimate characteristics of the site
Silicate apatite phosphors for pc-LED applications

Single-phase ceramic samples of silicate apatites M2Ln8(SiO4)6O2 (M = Mg, Ca, Sr; Ln = Y, La) undoped and doped with Eu, Ce, or Mn ions were obtained by the high-temperature solid-state reaction technique using precursors synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. The phosphors were characterized by XRD analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and steady-state/timeresolved and site-selective photoluminescence spectroscopy under blue-to-VUV excitation. It is shown that the small-radius Mg ions, which can occupy two types of suitable sites in the apatite structure, strongly influence luminescence properties of apatites, in particular the distribution of Eu ions between these sites. A bright broad-band yellow emission (peaked at 560 nm with   1 s) was obtained from the Mg2La8(SiO4)6O2:Eu apatite after annealing it in a H2(15%)/Ar reducing atmosphere. This emission is due to 5d–4f transitions of Eu and is efficiently excited by near UV-to-blue light (300–450 nm). Silicate apatites co-doped with optimal concentrations of Eu/Eu or Eu/Mn can be considered as possible single-phase phosphors for application in warm white pc-LEDs.
A Novel Multiscale Edge Detection Approach Based on Nonsubsampled Contourlet Transform and Edge Tracking

Edge detection is a fundamental task in many computer vision applications. In this paper, we propose a novel multiscale edge detection approach based on the nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT): a fully shift-invariant, multiscale, and multidirection transform. Indeed, unlike traditional wavelets, contourlets have the ability to fully capture directional and other geometrical features for images with edges. Firstly, compute the NSCT of the input image. Secondly, the -means clustering algorithm is applied to each level of the NSCT for distinguishing noises from edges. Thirdly, we select the edge point candidates of the input image by identifying the NSCT modulus maximum at each scale. Finally, the edge tracking algorithm from coarser to finer is proposed to improve robustness against spurious responses and accuracy in the location of the edges. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves better edge detection performance compared with the typical methods. Furthermore, the proposed method also works well for noisy images.