Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efecto de la testosterona en la espermatogénesis de machos de dorada (Sparus aurata L.)

Androgens can induce complete spermatogenesis in immature or prepubertal teleost fish, however many aspects of the role of androgens in adult teleost spermatogenesis have remained elusive. We have used the an implant (in situ microparticle forming system) of testosterone (T) in a homogenous population of gilthead seabream at testicular involution stage to study in vivo the effects of T on the balance of the steroid hormones and on the physiology of the gilthead seabream gonad. We worked with three groups of specimens: i) injected with 1 mg T/kg body weight, ii) injected with implants without T and iii) non-injected. Blood samples, gonad and liver were taken at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after they were injected for hormone analysis, and morphological, immunocytochemical and gene expression analysis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of T, and its derivatives, on the physiology of the gonad analyzing the progression of spermatogenesis, the rate of cell proliferation and apoptosis, the presence of leukocytes and the expression profile of genes important in the immune response. T implants caused increase in the levels of T, reaching supra-physiological levels. The gene expression profile of some steroidogenenic enzymes in liver and gonad ruled out the transformation of T. Moreover, T seems to inhibit the immune response in the gonad as partially impaired the ability to recognize and response to pathogens through down-regulation of several tlr gene expressions. However, there was an increase in the number of the acidophilic granulocytes and lymphocytes suggesting that androgens would also be involved in leukocytes migratory influx.
Key performance indicators of social financing establishments and manageability: An examination of cases

Sustainable development is that the combination of economic, social and business price creation while not compromising the wants of future generations. The social finance establishments are beyond any doubt taking part in an important role for overcoming social challenges towards sustainable development of any nation. However question arises on however will we tend to perceive that a social finance establishments is conducive for sustainable development? This paper makes a modest decide to determine some key performance indicators (KPIs), each monetary further as non monetary, of social finance establishments. By suggests that of analyzing the cases, this study aims to handle the difficulty of sustainability of these finance establishments mistreatment the suitable KPIs.
Gastroprotective Effect of Borago Extracts against Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats

Gastric ulcer stays one of the perilous sicknesses in the world. In spite of the fact that there are numerous medications utilized for the treatment of gastric ulcer, the vast majority of these deliver a few adverse impacts. The aim of this investigation was to assess the antiulcer effects of Borago (Borago officinalis L) leaves extract (BL), flowers extract (BF) and the mixture of leaves and flowers extracts (Mix) against gastric ulcer induced by indomethacin in rats and compared with ranitidine as a reference drug. Gastric ulceration was stimulated by indomethacin at one dose (30 mg/kg b.w. Intraperitoneal (i.p)). BL and BF were administered orally at two doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w, Mix was given orally at a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w. and ranitidine at a dose of 20 mg/kg b.w. for three weeks before the injection of indomethacin. The results appeared that indomethacin significantly decreased pH value, mucin content, catalase activity (CAT) and nitric oxide (NO), while, increased ulcer index, total acidity, free acidity and malondialdehyde (MDA) comparing with control group.While, pretreatment with Borago extracts provided a significant decrease in ulcer index, total acidity,free acidity, MDA, and associated with a significant rise in pH value, mucin content, CAT and NO compared to indomethacin group. The protection provided by the extracts of Borago is similar to ranitidine. Histological studies of stomach mucosa affirmed these outcomes. Borago has protective against indomethacin which caused gastric ulcer because of it contains antioxidant properties. The results of the present suggest that Borago can be utilized against gastric ulcer impacts as well as to decrease antagonist drugs adverse effects.
Innate cell recognition of Lipopolysaccharide and other bacterial molecules

Une etape critique de la pathogenese du sepsis est la reconnaissance des molecules bacteriennes telles que les lipopolysaccharides (LPS) par les cellules de l'immunite innee. L'interaction du LPS, complexe a la "lipopolysaccharide binding protein" (LBP), avec les recepteurs CD14 et TLR4/MD-2 presents a la surface des cellules myeloides induit l'activation cellulaire. Parallelement, afin d'etre detoxifie, le LPS est internalise de facon dependante du CD14 par une voie de macropinocytose dans les macrophages. Le complexe recepteur TLR4/MD-2 est necessaire pour transmettre le signal induit par le LPS au niveau intracytoplasmique. Durant la differenciation des cellules myeloides en macrophages ou en cellules dendritiques immatures et matures, l'expression de TLR4, MD-2, et CD14 est modulee et ceci semble conditionner la reponse des cellules au LPS. Par consequent, la famille des TLRs et le MD-2 constituent de nouvelles cibles therapeutiques pour le developpement de traitements specifiques pour la maladie du sepsis.
Consolidación del desarrollo profesional docente a través de procesos de abstracción

La ponencia pretende divulgar una investigacion doctoral en curso, enmarcada en el desarrollo profesional a traves de procesos de abstraccion generados en colectivos docentes, cuando se estudian leyes de formacion que confieren a conjuntos la estructura algebraica de grupo. Este estudio contempla la participacion de tres colectivos de maestros, con caracteristicas heterogeneas e intereses diversos, y se enfoca en analizar un proceso de transformacion del desarrollo profesional de los colectivos, que puede generarse a traves de la manifestacion de abstracciones en diferentes interacciones, tales como: formulacion de tareas, puesta en comun de las mismas, elaboracion de conjeturas, aproximaciones a constructos teoricos, propuesta de hipotesis, trabajo colaborativo, entre otras.
The role of bats as reservoir hosts of emerging neurological viruses

Introduction It is now well-recognized that more than 75% of emerging diseases over the past 2 decades have been zoonoses. Many of these zoonotic viruses have caused neurological disease, especially those emerging during this period in the South-East Asian and Western Pacific regions [1, 2]. Most of the diseases emerging from wildlife have been from bats and rodents. Bats are only second to rodents in terms of mammalian species richness [3] and constitute about 20% of all mammalian species. Thus, with their wide distribution and abundance, it is not surprising that there is growing awareness that bats are the reservoir hosts for a number of these emerging viruses [4, 5, 6, 7] and suspected of being associated with many others on serological grounds. Not only have they been shown to be the reservoir hosts for rabies and related lyssaviruses but also for other human pathogens, or potential pathogens, such as SARS-coronavirus-like viruses [8, 9, 10], Ebola virus [11, 12], Menangle virus [13], and Hendra and Nipah viruses [14, 15, 16]. This brief review looks at the biological features that make bats good reservoir hosts, and the more important neurological viruses associated with bats that are, or have the potential to be, transmitted to humans. Bats as reservoir hosts: Implications for virus transmission The order chiroptera, their diversity, evolution, abundance, and social behavior The mammalian Order Chiroptera is divided into two suborders, the Megachiroptera, or Old World fruit- and nectar-feeding bats, including flying foxes, and the Microchiroptera, or echolocating bats [17].
MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF CYTOTOXICITY INDUCED BY RIBOSOME-INACTIVATING PROTEINS IN MAMMALIAN CELLS

ii DEDICATION . iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . v TABLE OF CONTENTS . vi LIST OF FIGURES . ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . xi CHAPTER ONE LITERATURE REVIEW . 1 I. RICIN . 1 Structure and Availability of Ricin . 2 Transport by Retrograde Translocation . 3 General Toxicity . 4 Treatment . 5 Mechanisms of Cytotoxicity . 5 II. SHIGA-LIKE TOXIN 2 (Stx2) . 9
Genetic Resources of Tuber Crops in Tripura and Tuber Crop Based Ethnic Foods

The climatic and topographical conditions of Tripura are very much suitable for the existence of wide range of variability in tuber crops. Elephant foot yam var. Tripura Batema and Gajendra performed well in terms of tuber diameter, tuber length and yield with respective values of 30.4 cm and 30.1 cm, 13.7 cm and 13.5 cm and 6.7 kg/plant and 6.4 kg/plant. Tubers of some wild species of elephant foot yams such as Amorphophallus bulbifer (Roxb.) Blume are extremely acrid. Tuber length of greater yam var. Tripura Tha is 54.0 cm with 14.6 cm diameter. Dioscorea bulifera L. , D. hamiltonii Hook. F and D. pentaphylla L. are other wild types of yams. Variability in both eddoe and bunda type taro has also been recorded, where, corm weight and yield in the eddoe type selections ranged from 24.0- 54.2g and 4.3-11.6 t/ha, respectively. Plant height, rhizome length and rhizome weight in different local types of swamp taro were in the range of 70.2-153.2 cm, 20.6-62.0 cm and 300 g - 5.9 kg/ plant, respectively. Stolons of both common taro and swamp taro are very much popular as ethnic food. Giant taro ( Steudnera colocasioides Hook. f.) is locally known as Bish Kochu and big rooted taro or elephant ear ( Alocasia macrorrhizos (L.) G. Don, Schott. ), locally known as Man Kochu or Fen Kochu . Respective plant height is 195.5 and 231 cm and rhizome length is 85.6 and 110.6 cm with girth 41.3 and 55.5 cm. Tannia ( Xanthosoma sagittifolium L.(Schott), X. violaceum (L.) Schott) and Bengal Arum ( Typhonium trilobatum (L.) Schott) are the other commonly found minor tuber crops. Various ethnic food preparations in combination with meat, fish or dry fish are very much popular among the tribal communities.
Les populations invasives de rongeurs en milieu agricole : une étude menée dans des cultures de grande échelle, les plantations de palmiers à huile en Indonésie : Approche paysagère, génétique et écotoxicologique

Les perturbations environnementales d’origine anthropique favorisent l’etablissement de populations invasives. La gestion de ces populations est primordiale pour la sante publique (zoonose, famine), l’environnent (perte de biodiversite), et l’economie (degâts). L’objectif de cette these pluridisciplinaire, menee en conditions naturelles, est d’ameliorer les connaissances sur les populations invasives de rongeurs dans des paysages agricoles a grande echelle et d’apprehender les mecanismes d’adaptation qui favorisent une reponse positive aux pressions anthropiques. Les resultats montrent que (1) le rat endemique Rattus tiomanicus, dont la presence est associee a la typologie de l’habitat naturel, et le rat introduit Rattus tanezumi-R3, dont la presence est associee aux activites humaines, constituent les populations invasives des plantations de palmier a huile en Indonesie; (2) leur distribution geographique clinale est probablement contemporaine a l’anthropisation des milieux, et suppose une competition inter-specifique; (3) ces grandes populations sont spatialement continues avec un flux genique limite par la distance geographique (caracterisees par un patron d’isolement par la distance) et potentiellement influence par les transports routiers; (4) R. tanezumi-R3 possede une forte resistance physiologique aux raticides AVK, dont l’origine n’est pas associee a une mutation genetique de la molecule cible mais probablement liee aux enzymes du metabolisme. Ces travaux soulignent des strategies d’adaptations comportementales et physiologiques des populations invasives de rongeurs en milieux agricoles et procurent des bases pour l’elaboration de strategies de lutte adaptee
4 A Comprehensive Overview of Mycolic Acid Structure and Biosynthesis

This chapter focuses on the major metabolic steps and essential enzymatic players in the mycolic acid biosynthetic pathway, providing a historical perspective and highlighting the key advances of the last few years in this dynamic area. Information relative to the mycolic acid structure has been brought through the application of early and modern chemical techniques, in particular thin-layer chromatography (TLC), gas chromatography (GC), high-pressure liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The structures of mycolic acids of genera other than mycobacteria were found to be relatively simple in terms of chemical functions, being composed only of homologous series with various numbers of double bonds, up to 7 for some Gordona species. The pathway for synthesis of mycolic acids could be virtually divided into three major steps: (1) the synthesis and elongation of fatty acids to give precursors of both the α-branch and the very long meromycolic chain; (2) the elongation and introduction of functional modifications on the meromycolic chain; and (3) the condensation of two long-chain fatty acids, followed by a reduction to yield the mycolic acid specific motif. More recently, the involvement of the AccD4 carboxyltransferase in mycolic acid synthesis and its essentiality for mycobacterial survival have been demonstrated. Fatty acid synthase (FAS)-II has been shown to elongate medium-chain-length C12 to C16 fatty acids to yield C18-C30 acyl-ACPs in vitro, which are most likely the precursors of the very long-chain meromycolic acids.
Acute Phase Proteins as Cancer Biomarkers

Interactions between tumor cells and the host microenvironment have been shown to play a significant role in the initiation, progression, and invasiveness of human cancer. The complex changes in the tumor microenvironment have been shown to modulate the activation of the different arms of the host immune system including the acute phase response. Acute phase changes are mediated by several serum proteins [acute phase proteins (APP)] whose concentrations may increase (positive APP) or decrease (negative APP) as a result of varied clinical conditions, including cancer. To date, a body of evidence suggests APP may have a profound impact on cancer growth and appear to court a protective immune response by co-opting the body’s innate immune system. In this review, we discuss the impact of the host tumor response in relation to acute phase proteins and examine literature characterizing APP as helpful cancer biomarkers. Insights gained into the mechanism of action of acute-phase reactants towards malignancy and how they are induced could be exploited for the future development of more specific and targeted cancer biomarker strategies.
Requirement for Riboflavin for Effective Symbiosis on Clover by an Auxotrophic Mutant Strain of Rhizobium Trifolii

A symbiotically ineffective auxotroph, Tl/D-hisr -15, derived from an effective strain (Tl) of R. trifolii, had a specific requirement for riboflavin in culture and produced an effective response on Trifolium pratense (red clover) only when riboflavin was added to the plant growth medium at c. 6 p.g/ml. Addition of flavin mononucleotide to the plant medium produced a similar response but the requirement in symbiosis was only partly satisfied by flavin adenine dinucleotide.
Altering the electron transfer mechanism of cytochrome P450 reductase through a single point mutation

Cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) is an electron transporter enzyme that plays an essential role in xenobiotic transformations, including metabolism of carcinogens, environmental agents, and drugs. CPR, a membrane bound flavoprotein, contains two flavin cofactors--flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN)-each bound to a separate protein domain. Both flavin cofactors utilize three distinct oxidation states: oxidized (OX), semiquinone (SQ) (one electron reduced), and hydroquinone (HQ) (two electron reduced). The multiple oxidation states of the flavin cofactors allow CPR to catalyze the essential transfer of electrons from the obligate twoelectron donor NADPH to the one-electron acceptor heme-iron of cytochrome P450. A comparison of the FMN-binding domains in various related flavoproteins reveals that the FMN binding loops differ in their size, conformations, and primary structure yet each contains a conserved glycine residue. My research project was designed to evaluate the functional significance of this conserved glycine in rat CPR (Gly-141) through its replacement with threonine using site-directed mutagenesis. This replacement was made in both the intact reductase and the isolated FMN-binding domain (FBD). Based on previous research on the flavodoxin, we hypothesized that the larger, beta-branched side chain of threonine would disrupt the hydrogen bond between residue 141’s carbonyl group and the N5H of the reduced flavin, which should destabilize the functionally relevant semiquinone state. Using a standard steady-state turnover activity assay for cytochrome reduction and the physiological reductant NADPH, the G141T mutant was found to exhibit a specific activity that is 30% less than that of the wild type reductase, indicating that the conserved
Assessment of a Dazel-Kit (Fluconazole 150 mg, Azithromycin 1 gm, Secnidazole 1 g Two Tablets) for Syndromic Management of Abnormal Vaginal Discharge in Women of Kazakhstan

Objective: Present study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of Dazel kit (fluconazole 150 mg, azithromycin 1 gm, secnidazole 1 g two tablets) among patients with vaginal infections. Materials and Methods: In this observational study, 705 clinically diagnosed patients with abnormal vaginal discharge were enrolled in four different cities of Kazakhstan. Clinical features, treatment given, improvement in symptoms and adverse events were noted. Improvement in clinical features with Dazel kit was rated on a 4-point scale; 1=no effect; 2=somewhat effective; 3=effective; 4= highly effective. Results: Abnormal vaginal discharge was the most common symptom (91.5%), followed by itching Short Research Article Deka et al.; IJRRGY, 1(1): 1-7, 2018; Article no.IJRRGY. 43629 2 (88.2%) and lower abdominal pain (59.6%). For all patients, Dazel kit was recommended, whereas in 617 patients (87.5%), it was recommended for their partner(s) too. In 90 patients (12.8%) only Dazel kit was recommended alone whereas, in 615 patients (87.23%), vaginal treatment was recommended in addition to Dazel kit. In 99.2% patients with abnormal vaginal discharge and vaginal itching, treatment was effective or highly effective. For the control of dyspareunia, lower abdominal pain and burning sensation with urination, treatment was found to be effective or highly effective in 64.3%, 98.7% and 95.4% patients, respectively. No significant difference was observed in the “highly effective” and “effective” response for any of the symptoms between treatment only to the female patient and treatment to patient and her partner(s) [abnormal vaginal discharge (p= 0.755), vaginal itching (p= 0.512), dyspareunia (p= 0.791), lower abdominal pain (p= 0.964) or burning sensation (Pp= 0.804)]. Conclusion: Dazel kit was found to be effective in the treatment of vaginal symptoms in majority of the patients without significant adverse events.
Nematodos parasitos del arroz (oryza sativa) en el sureste de costa rica

Nematodes parasitic on rice (Oryza sativa) in southeastern Costa Rica. Results of a survey of rice-parasitic nematodes in southeastern Costa Rica revealed that Tylenchorhynchus annulatus had the highest population densities while Helicotylenchus sr. was the species most frecuently found. Other nematodes present in the area were Criconemella onoensis, Tylenchus sp. , Pratylenchus zeae and Meloidogyne salasi. This last species was found in high population densities but only in a few farms.
Butterfly community temporal trends and responses to resource availability along a hydrologic gradient of montane meadows

Butterfly species have proven to be useful indicators of environmental change in many ecosystems. Their tight association with plant communities and their sensitivity to microclimates can provide insight regarding changes in landscape or vegetative composition. Here we report on a study within two regions of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (Gallatin and Teton) where butterflies have been surveyed in montane meadows along a hydrological gradient since 1997. These data show that different butterfly species are specific to particular meadow types based upon levels of moisture availability. We found that meadow type was significant in explaining butterfly community associations in both regions. This hydrological relationship is also stable over time (1997-2007), with particular butterfly species consistently indicative of specific meadow types. Six species of butterflies in the Gallatin region and eight species in the Teton region were identified as significantly associated with a specific meadow type over time. The temporal trends, however, differed between regions. Gallatin meadows, which are much smaller than Teton meadows, shifted away from the species composition of the Teton Region and towards a more unique Gallatin Region community. Teton Region butterflies did not consistently move along any common trajectory. The significance of the Gallatin Region’s butterfly community temporal trends suggests that all of the meadows are responding similarly to variables that are driving the shift. This information is a valuable tool for conservation of montane meadows, and could
Medicinal plants: Future source of new drugs

India has a long history and strong base for Ayurveda, which is the traditional herbal medical system. Herbal plants play an important role in preventing and treating of human diseases. People have been using plants as a traditional medicine for thousand years ago. Plants have been associated with the development of human civilization around the whole world. However, plants are considered as rich sources of phytochemical ingredients which enable to have medicinal value. Medicinal plants are a potential source for the development of new herbal drugs. In the 21 century, the pharmacological effects of medicinal plants have been considered as a promising future drug/medicine for the management of health care. In recent years, there has been a resurgence of interest to rediscover medicinal plants as a source of potential drug candidate. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to understand the knowledge of the medicinal plants as a future source of herbal drugs.
Comparative bioactivity studies on two Mimosa species

Comparative antioxidant, antibacterial activities and general toxicity studies on the n-hexane, dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH) extracts of Mimosa pudica and Mimosa rubicaulis, two Bangladeshi medicinal plants, were carried out, using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay, the resazurin microtitre plate based assay, and the brine shrimp lethality assay, respectively. The DCM and MeOH extracts of both M. pudica and M. rubicaulis showed prominent antioxidant property, with the RC50 values ranging from 4.70 x 10(-1) to 2.10 x 10(-2) mg/mL. While M. rubicaulis did not show any antibacterial activity, the DCM and the MeOH extracts of M. pudica displayed considerable bacteriostatic activity against all six bacterial strains (MIC range = 0.625-2.50 mg/mL) including Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, Escherichia coli, ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. None of these plants exhibited any significant toxicity towards brine shrimps.