Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Radical scavenging activity and phenolic compounds in persimmon (Diospyros kaki L. cv. Mopan).

The Mopan persimmon (Diospyros kaki L. cv. Mopan) is the major cultivar of astringent persimmon in northern China. This study investigates the radical scavenging activity against ABTS and DPPH radical, and the content of total and individual phenolics (catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and gallic acid) with apple, grape, and tomato as controls. The radical scavenging activities against ABTS and DPPH radicals of the Mopan persimmon are 23.575 and 22.597 microm trolox eq/g f.w. , respectively. These findings suggest that the Mopan persimmon's antioxidant activity is significantly (P < 0.05) stronger than that of reference materials. The Mopan persimmon showed the highest content of total phenolics among the 4 materials tested. Significant correlations (R(2)= 0.993, P < 0.05, ABTS radical; R(2)= 0.980, P < 0.05, DPPH radical) are found between the total phenolics and the radical scavenging activities. The total content of these 6 kinds of phenolics (catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and gallic acid) is significantly correlated (R(2)= 0.831, P < 0.05, ABTS radical; R(2)= 0.745, P < 0.05, DPPH radical) with the individual radical scavenging activity of the 4 materials, although the total content of the 6 phenolics accounts for no more than 20% of the total phenolics in the Mopan persimmon. Gallic acid exhibits the strongest antioxidant activity in all 6 kinds of phenolics and its content is the largest in the Mopan persimmon, presumably being responsible for its much higher antioxidant activity as compared to apple, grape, and tomato.
A Fully Endoscopic Supraorbital Suprafrontal Approach to Frontal and Frontoparietal Convexity/Parasagittal Meningiomas

Traditional approaches, via open transcranial techniques to access meningiomas of the frontoparietal convexity often require relatively large craniotomies and excessive extra and intracranial surgical dissection. Thus, creating potential disfigurement and morbidity attributed to the approach itself, which is ultimately translated into longer operative times, more blood loss, increased postoperative discomfort, and long-term convalescence. We report our experience with a minimally invasive supraorbital suprafrontal endsoscopic approach through the eyebrow that we used in resection of 2 (convexity and middle parasagittal) meningiomas. Two men, aged 40 and 52 years, with frontoparietal convexity meningioma and parasagittal meningioma (middle third), respectively, were operated upon via a fully endsoscopic supraorbital suprafrontal approach using a 2×2 cm keyhole craniotomy. Complete tumor removal was accomplished in both cases with no postoperative complications and minimal postoperative discomfort. The cosmetic outcome was excellent and both patients were discharged home within 48 hours of their operation. This preliminary experience demonstrates the feasibility of resecting frontoparietal convexity/parasagittal meningiomas using endoscopic techniques. The endoscope with its superior visibility and the approach being a more targeted one, has allowed both the approach and resection to be performed with minimal disturbance to the surrounding brain tissue. Therefore, we believe that our experience with the reported technique does not only advocate the expanding use of the supraorbital approach as a minimally invasive alternative for open craniotomies, but also as a more anatomic alternative leading to superior results and surgical outcomes.
Nocturnal hypoglycemic episodes detected with the CGMS in adolescent patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Całodobowy pomiar glikemii stosowany od niedawna u dzieci chorych na cukrzycę. typu 1 pozwala na poprawę monitorowania leczenia. Materiał i metody: U 62 nastolatków (13-18 lat) ze źle kontrolowaną cukrzycą typu 1 (HbA1c – śr. 10,7%, fruktozamina – śr. 471 mmol/1) prowadzono całodobowy pomiar glikemii za pomocą CGMS fi rmy Minimed. Wyniki: Analiza całodobowych pomiarów wykazała znaczną dobową rozpiętość pomiarów glikemii. U połowy badanych stwierdzono znacznie podwyższoną glikemię (>250 mg%) w godzinach przedpołudniowych, zwłaszcza ok. 9.00-10.00 rano. Częstsze epizody niedocukrzeń (<40 mg%) zarejestrowano w godzinach nocnych (22.00-4.00), u 33% badanych występowały one ok. 3.00-4.00 godz. w nocy. Wnioski: U nastolatków ze źle wyrównaną cukrzycą największe zapotrzebowanie na insulinę dotyczy godzin przedpołudniowych. Częste występowanie niedocukrzeń w godzinach późnonocnych wymaga okresowego prowadzenia nocnych profi lów glikemii. CGMS spełnia korzystną rolę w monitorowaniu leczenia cukrzycy typu 1. Endokrynol. Ped. , 6/2007;1(18):41-44
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular co-morbidities

BACKGROUND Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is the fourth largest cause of death worldwide. However, most patients with COPD die from cardiovascular causes (CVD). COPD is an independent risk factor for CVD and a predictor of long-term mortality. There is a high prevalence of traditional risk factors in this patient group, including smoking, sedentary behaviour and low socio-economic class. COPD is now recognized to having both local lung and systemic effects. The mechanism of such systemic effects is not completely known, but it is supposed to be related to enhanced systemic inflammation and to oxidative stress, both implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic process. CONCLUSIONS COPD is frequently associated with congestive heart failure (CHF). It is also a confounding factor for the diagnosis of CHF. In fact, some studies demonstrate that about 20% of patients diagnosed with COPD had also or only CHF. Patients with CHF and associated COPD have less frequently β-blockers prescription than CHF patients without COPD. COPD is a heavy negative prognostic factor for CHF hospitalization and mortality. Pulmonary Embolism (PE) in patients with COPD is generally underdiagnosed, and this last disease is a risk factor for a complicated course of PE, with increased mortality.
Identification of potential pharmacogenomic markers of clinical efficacy of 5‐fluorouracil in colorectal cancer

Although adjuvant chemotherapy has significantly increased overall survival in resected Stage III colorectal cancer, disease recurrence is still high (30–40%). 20–25% of Stage II patients also develop recurrent disease. Thus, high‐risk patients may benefit from chemotherapy. As patient response to standard chemotherapy varies, the study of molecular differences in the expression of pharmacologically relevant genes may help clinicians to understand variability and tailor therapy. The expression of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) pathway genes in tumors from 53 Stages II‐III colorectal cancer patients who underwent 5‐FU adjuvant chemotherapy was investigated by reverse transcription quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Patients were dichotomized into high‐ and low‐mRNA expression level groups using median values of gene mRNA levels. Then, a threshold analysis to identify a cut‐off distinguishing recurrent‐ or nonrecurrent‐disease was used. A high degree of interpatient variation in relative tumor expression of study genes was observed. Multiple gene correlations were found, which suggest possible coregulation mechanisms. No statistically significant relationship between experimental data and baseline clinical/pathological characteristics or clinical outcome was observed using gene expression median values. Threshold analysis indicated significant inverse relationships between deoxyuridine triphosphatase (DUT), ferrodoxin reductase (FDXR) or tumor protein p53 (TP53) and disease‐free survival (DFS) in the entire case series and between DUT or NM23‐H1 and DFS in Stage III patients: higher gene expression was associated with shorter DFS. This study provides data on relationships between expression of 5‐FU pathway genes and clinical outcome of colorectal cancer patients undergoing 5‐FU adjuvant chemotherapy and underscores the predictive role of specific genes. Validation in an independent case series is warranted.
Uterine Tumor Resembling Ovarian Sex Cord Tumor (UTROSCT) Commonly Exhibits Positivity With Sex Cord Markers FOXL2 and SF-1 but Lacks FOXL2 and DICER1 Mutations

Uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex cord tumor (UTROSCT) is a rare neoplasm which morphologically and immunohistochemically exhibits overlap with an ovarian sex cord tumor. Although many of these neoplasms are positive with markers of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors, staining is often limited and the pathogenesis of UTROSCT is unknown. To further explore the sex cord lineage of UTROSCT, we studied 19 of these neoplasms and examined the expression of 2 recently described markers of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors, FOXL2, and steroidogenic factor-1. We also undertook FOXL2 and DICER1 mutation analysis in these cases; a somatic missense mutation in codon C134W (402C→G) of FOXL2 gene has been demonstrated in the vast majority (>95%) of ovarian adult granulosa cell tumors and somatic DICER1 mutations are found in approximately 60% of ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors. Ten of 19 cases (53%) exhibited nuclear immunoreactivity with FOXL2 and 11 of 19 (58%) exhibited nuclear staining with steroidogenic factor-1. Neither FOXL2 nor DICER1 mutations were identified in any case where there was sufficient tumor tissue for analysis (18 and 9 cases, respectively). Despite exhibiting an immunophenotype characteristic of a sex cord-stromal tumor, mutations in FOXL2 and DICER1, the 2 most common mutations hitherto reported in ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors, are not a feature of UTROSCT.
Occupational Cancer Risk Perception in Iranian Workers

ABSTRACT This cross-sectional study examined the occupational cancer risk perception among 269 Iranian industrial workers according to their knowledge, job titles hazard, and demographical properties. The structured questionnaire was used to measure participants’ knowledge and perception toward occupational cancers (reliability of the perception questions = .72). There was significant difference in both knowledge and perception about occupational cancers in different age and educational groups. It was significant relation between knowledge and perception (p = .001). True answer to some questions was less than 20%. An optimistic bias was found in participants’ perception. These findings prove that cancer risk perception in industrial workforces is affected by several factors. Further efforts should be placed in the training of workers to enhance their knowledge and subsequently their perception toward occupational cancers.
FGFR2 intronic SNPs and breast cancer risk: Associations with tumor characteristics and interactions with exogenous exposures and other known breast cancer risk factors

Recent genome‐wide association studies have revealed several new candidate genes for breast cancer, including fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) gene. The associations were also replicated in several other independent studies. The next important step is to study whether these common variants interact with known breast cancer risk factors, exogenous exposures and tumor characteristics. In a population‐based case–control study of 1,170 breast cancer cases and 2,115 controls, we examined genetic associations of four intronic FGFR2 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and breast tumor characteristics and assessed the potential interactions with smoking, alcohol consumption, adiposity and known breast cancer risk factors. FGFR2 variants were significantly associated with breast cancer risk regardless of estrogen and progesterone receptor status, metastasis, lymph node involvement and histologic and nuclear grade. The FGFR2–breast cancer association was modified by smoking status, with increased risk for former and current smokers compared to never smokers; former/current smokers carrying two copies of the rs1219648 minor allele were at highest risk with a crude OR (95% confidence interval) of 2.11 (1.52–2.92) compared to never smokers with no rs1219648 variant alleles. Our study found no evidence for either modification of FGFR2 and breast cancer by alcohol intake or adiposity, even when analyses were stratified by menopausal status. Although these results require further replication, they may provide new insight into the possible new exposures that may interact with FGFR2 susceptibility alleles.
The history and future of KAATSU Training

KAATSU training involves the restriction of blood flow to exercising muscle and is the culmination of nearly 40 years of experimentation with the singular purpose of increasing muscle mass. KAATSU Training consists of performing low-intensity resistance training while a relatively light and flexible cuff is placed on the proximal part of one's lower or upper limbs, which provides appropriate superficial pressure. KAATSU Training should not be confused with training under ischemic conditions which has previously been reported (Sundberg, 1994). KAATSU Training does not induce ischemia within skeletal muscle, but rather promotes a state of blood pooling in the capillaries within the limb musculature. Applied basic and clinical research conducted over the past 10 years has demonstrated that KAATSU Training not only improves muscle mass and strength in healthy volunteers, but also benefits patients with cardiovascular and orthopedic conditions.
State of the Art Reviews: Measurement of Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents

To date, a wide range of methods has been used to measure physical activity in children and adolescents. These include self-report methods such as questionnaires, activity logs, and diaries as well as objective measures of physical activity such as direct observation, doubly labeled water, heart rate monitoring, accelerometers, and pedometers. The purpose of this review is to overview the methods currently being used to measure physical activity in children and adolescents. For each measurement approach, new developments and/or innovations are identified and discussed. Particular attention is given to the use of accelerometers and the calibration of accelerometer output to units of energy expenditure to developing children.
PACE: Has It Changed the Chronic Care Paradigm?

SUMMARY The Program of All-inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) grew out of a small community organization in San Francisco and has been replicated by non-profit organizations in a number of other communities across the country. The authors review the successes of PACE as reported in the literature and discuss reasons for its limited growth as well as its significant influence on state and federal long term care policy. They argue that PACE has significantly changed how we think of long term care through its pioneering work fully integrating medical and long term care. PACE has also provided an influential model for breaking down the funding silos that characterize the medical and long term care services arena. State Medicaid agencies and Medicare have learned from PACE. Health plans and private long term insurers may also still learn from PACE. However, the fact that only a little more than 10,000 elders have enrolled in PACE nationwide prevents the authors from finding that PACE has brought about significant structural change in a long term care industry dominated by for-profit nursing homes.
Management and control strategies for community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Background: Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is now a common cause of skin and soft tissue infections and has been implicated in some cases of severe pneumonia and necrotising fasciitis in both children and adults. Objective: This review summarises the available evidence on the management and therapeutic options for the treatment of CA-MRSA, including antibiotic options for both mild and severe disease and prevention and decolonisation strategies. Methods: An extensive Medline literature search was performed to identify relevant articles and selected conference abstracts were incorporated. Results/conclusion: The optimal therapy for CA-MRSA infections has not been fully elucidated. Incision and drainage of purulent lesions and good follow-up wound care are important; adjuvant antibiotic therapy should be considered on the basis of location and extent of disease, systemic symptoms and host risk factors for complicated disease. Patients with severe disease (such as pneumonia and necrotising fasciitis) may require intensive care unit (ICU) care. CA-MRSA is usually susceptible to a variety of oral non-β-lactam antibiotics, such as trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, clindamycin, tetracyclines and linezolid. Parenteral therapy with vancomycin or daptomycin can also be considered.
Barriers to Healthcare Among Asian Americans

The myth of the well-adjusted Asian American resulted from sample-biased research studies that concluded that Asian Americans are physically healthier and financially better off than Caucasians. The myth has been perpetuated by researchers who have often categorized Asian Americans as a single, undifferentiated group rather than as distinct ethnic groups. Consequently, data analysis techniques do not reveal distinctions that may exist had the researchers controlled for ethnic group variation. The authors discussed four major barriers—language and culture, health literacy, health insurance, and immigrant status—to healthcare that may influence within-group disparities among Asian Americans that may go unreported. The authors argue that healthcare policy makers and researchers should consider Asian Americans as members of discrete ethnic groups with unique healthcare needs. Recommendations for health policies and future research are provided.
Prognostic Value of Detecting HPV in Oral Cancer

excision (including 2 upgraded to invasive carcinoma) were performed for microcalcifications. Therefore, the clinical indication for biopsy does not seem to be a reliable discriminator between cases that are likely to be upgraded versus those that are not. Atypical lobular hyperplasia in the core biopsy was not one of the authors’ exclusionary criteria, and concomitant atypical lobular hyperplasia may be a potential confounder. Lobular neoplasia and flat epithelial atypia are frequently seen in the same patient, and core biopsies demonstrating lobular neoplasia have an approximately 27% upgrade rate to ductal carcinoma in situ or invasive carcinoma. However, studies that have looked at the upgrade rate for lobular neoplasia have not detailed whether flat epithelial atypia was also seen in the core biopsies, so it is impossible to know which—if either—lesion is more clinically significant in this context, on the basis of existing data. The incidence of concomitant atypical lobular hyperplasia is not clearly detailed in the current study, although the authors’ comments seem to suggest that it was not seen in the pure flat epithelial atypia cases that showed ductal carcinoma in situ or invasive carcinoma on follow-up excision. Larger studies are needed to more fully address the issue of how often more serious lesions are associated with flat epithelial atypia. Until such information is available, however, the current data support a recommendation for follow-up excision in patients with flat epithelial atypia diagnosed on core biopsy.
Health properties of resistant starch

Summary Resistant starch (RS) refers to the portion of starch and starch products that resist digestion as they pass through the gastrointestinal tract. RS is an extremely broad and diverse range of materials and a number of different types exist (RS1–4). At present, these are mostly defined according to physical and chemical characteristics. RS may be categorised as a type of dietary fibre, as defined by the American Association of Cereal Chemists and the Food Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. RS is measured in part by the methodology recommended by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists for measuring dietary fibre. Dietary intakes of RS in westernised countries are likely to be low. However, accurate comparative assessments of dietary intakes between countries, and subsequent epidemiological analysis, are absent due to the lack of consensus over of an agreed, repeatable and simple in vitro method for analysing the RS content of foods. At present, the recognised method is that of McCleary & Monaghan (2002). RS appears to confer considerable benefits to human colonic health, but has a smaller impact on lipid and glucose metabolism. Comparisons between studies are hampered by differences in study design, poor experimental design and differences in the source, type and dose of RS in the ingredients or diets used. It is likely that RS mediates some or all of its effects through the action of short chain fatty acids but interest is increasing regarding its prebiotic potential. There is also increasing interest in using RS to lower the energy value and available carbohydrate content of foods. RS can also be used to enhance the fibre content of foods and is under investigation regarding its potential to accelerate the onset of satiation and to lower the glycaemic response. Due to the difficulties in agreeing on a universal definition and method of analysis for dietary fibre, RS may be included within the term ‘fibre’ on the nutrition labels in some countries but not in others. Pressure to agree a legal definition and universal method of analysis is likely to increase due to the potential of RS to enhance colonic health, and to act as a vehicle to increase the total dietary fibre content of foodstuffs, particularly those which are low in energy and/or in total carbohydrate content.
Rapid-sequence intubation in adults: Indications and concerns

Rapid-sequence induction and intubation (RSI) is a technique that is designed to provide optimal tracheal intubating conditions and reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration. RSI has a higher success rate, fewer complications, and better outcome compared with orotracheal intubation without neuromuscul
Science-Based Prevention through Communities That Care: A Model of Social Work Practice for Public Health

This article describes a public health orientation to drug and alcohol abuse prevention; reviews the state of the science underlying a risk and protective factor approach to alcohol and drug abuse prevention; describes Communities That Care, a community practice model that makes use of this evidence; and considers how this model reflects four important principles of social work practice. The intent of this article is to provide guidance to social workers who support the National Association of Social Work's intention to make prevention practice central to the provision of alcohol and drug abuse services by social workers.
Experimental studies of ischemic brain edema

血流再開可能なラット脳梗塞モデルを開発し, 虚血巣内の神経組織や血管壁の光顕的変化ならびに血流再開による組織像の修飾, 血流の再開前後における脳含水量の変化を検討した. STD Wistar雄ラットの右総頸動脈より糸つき塞栓を挿入し, 右中大脳動脈入口部を閉塞この塞栓を一定時間留置後, 抜去し血流を再開した. 閉塞後, 脳腫脹は経時的に増悪し, 対照群の含水量77. 62%に対し, 12時間閉塞後のそれは79. 48%となった. 閉塞後32時間で全例が死亡した. 死亡時における梗塞巣は側頭・頭頂葉, 基底核および視床下核の一部に再現性よく認められた. また, 血流の再開により含水量は永久閉塞群に比し有意に増加し, その程度は閉塞時間の長さに平行した. 組織学的には, 血流の再開により梗塞巣の海綿状状態は増強し, 毛細血管からの出血, 梗塞巣への白血球浸潤も加わっていた.