Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prediction of hypertension by the insulinogenic index in young Ethiopian immigrants

Objective Hyperinsulinaemia may be associated with hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and glucose intolerance. In the present study we compared the consequence of immigration from Ethiopia to Israel in order to elucidate environmental effects on these variables. Design A cross-sectional analysis of 337 young, male Ethiopian immigrants who were placed in boarding schools were divided into two groups: group I was in Israel for <3 months (n = 180) and group II was in Israel for >2 years (n = 157). Both groups were attending the same schools and were fed from the same kitchens. Methods Sitting blood pressure, body mass index, triceps skinfold width, fasting lipids insulin and glucose levels were measured and a standard (75-g) oral glucose-tolerance test was performed. Results Both groups had similar body mass index. Group I was younger than group II. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher in group II than in group I. Hypertension was more prevalent in group II. Impaired glucose tolerance (from the oral glucose-tolerance test) prevalence did not differ between the groups, neither did the glycosylated haemoglobin nor fructosamine level. The insulinogenic index (ratio of the areas under the curve of the insulin to that of the glucose level during the oral glucose-tolerance test) was significantly higher in group II. Total and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels were significantly higher in group II. In stepped multiple regression analysis, belonging to group II and having higher insulinogenic index predicted hypertension. Conclusions This cross-sectional comparison of young, very lean Ethiopian immigrants found those with longer residence in Israel and higher insulinogenic index to have a threefold increase in the prevalence of hypertension in addition to acquiring higher cholesterol levels, indicating that in this ethnically distinct population environmental factors significantly affected the cardiovascular risk.
User Recognition of Standard A/V Control Pictograms

Introduction All audiovisual products use the following set of six symbols , User interface designers believe that every user knows the meanings of these symbols. Unfortunately the symbols are pictograms rather than icons. Unlike icons, they represent no obvious concept. Furthermore, not all manufacturers use them in a similar way. Some applications, such as multimedia interactive software, employ these symbols in drastically different ways.
Logical consequence in modal logic. II. Some semantic systems for S4

1 This paper is a continuation of the investigations reported in Corcoran and Weaver [1] where two logics j£Π and -CDD, having natural deduction systems based on Lewis's S5, are shown to have the usually desired properties (strong soundness, strong completeness, compactness). As in [1], we desire to treat modal logic as a "clean" natural deduction system with a conceptually meaningful semantics. Here, our investigations are carried out for several S4 based logics. These logics, when regarded as logistic systems (cf. Corcoran [2], p. 154), are seen to be equivalent; but, when regarded as consequence systems (ibid., p. 157), one diverges from the others in a fashion which suggests that two standard measures of semantic complexity may not be linked. Some of the results of [l] are presupposed here and the more obvious definitions will not be repeated in detail. We consider the logics -Cl, -C2, and -£3. These logics share the same language (^DD) and deductive system (Δ'DD) but each has its own semantics system (Σl, Σ2, Σ3). Σl is an extension of the Kripke [3] semantics for S5 as modified in [l], Σ2 is largely due to Makinson [5], and Σ3 is due to Kripke [4]. -C DD is the usual modal sentential language with D, ~ and 3 as logical constants (see 2 below). Δ'DD (see 3 below), a modification of the natural deduction system given in [l], permits proofs from arbitrary sets of premises. For S a set of sentences and A & sentence, Sv-A means that A is provable from S, i.e., there is a proof (in Δ'DD) of A whose premises are among the members of S. ([-A means S\-A where S is empty.) If S\-A, we sometimes say that the argument (S, A) is demonstrable and when, in addition, S is empty we say that A is provable.
Induction of Apoptosis Signaling by Glycoprotein of Capsosiphon fulvescens in Human Gastric Cancer (AGS) Cells

Capsosiphon fulvescens is a well-known green sea algae that has been touted in recent years as a potential anticancer drug. In this study, C. fulvescens glycoprotein (Cf-GP) showed proapoptotic signaling in AGS cells. An MTS assay indicated that Cf-GP inhibited the proliferation of AGS cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Cells were treated with Cf-GP and the expression of proteins associated with apoptosis was examined by Western blotting. Based on the Western blot, expression of Cf-GP-activated caspase-cascade and PARP, which is a substrate of caspase-3 and -8, and proteins of the Bcl-2 family was observed. Cf-GP treatment stimulated the release of cytochrome C and apoptotic protease activating factor-1 from mitochondria to the cytosol. Cf-GP inhibited the growth of AGS cells through induction of sub-G1 phase arrest. We confirmed that sub-G1-phase arrest was associated with a decrease in the expression of cyclin D, cyclin E, Cdk2, Cdk4, and Cdk6, and an increase in the protein levels of p21 and p27. As a result, the increased sub-G1 ratio appears to be inhibited by cell proliferation. Therefore, we can confirm apoptosis in the AGS cells. Our results suggest that Cf-GP could be a potential source of biofunctional material that shows anticancer effects in human gastrointestinal cancer.
Medical progress. Congenital malformations: etiologic factors and their role in prevention (first of two parts).

Environmental substances suspected of causing congenital malformations in human populations are discussed in the review. They include lead, mercury, methylmercury, and chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons. Of these only mercury is known to be a proven human teratogen. Occupational exposure to smelter emissions and to hydrocarbons may also be a risk factor. (JMT)
The Delmarva Avian Influenza Joint Task Force: A Local Operational Response to An International Problem

Experience from a local H7N2 avian influenza (AI) event in poultry, the international emergence of AI, and the projected spread of AI to other countries made AI an important issue for the communities in the Delmarva Peninsula (which encompasses parts of Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia), where agriculture— particularly poultry production—is a major industry. The identification of the H7N2 AI strain in poultry on Maryland’s Eastern Shore in spring 2004 resulted in flock depopulation to keep the strain from spreading. The impact of this strain on Delmarva’s $1.9 billion poultry industry could have been devastating.1 The practice of flock depopulation, which addresses the issue of infectious disease, was developed to minimize exposure and thus reduce the risk of disease for people exposed to AI-infected poultry. The Worcester County Health Department (WorCHD) in Worcester County, Maryland, recognized the need to increase its capacity and preparedness to manage an AI outbreak by developing agreements, procedures, and educational materials and identifying resources relevant to such an event. This need led WorCHD to develop an operational response plan initially based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC’s) and Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s (OSHA’s) guidelines2,3 with additional guidance from a regional task force of interested stakeholders, including representatives of the Delmarva poultry industry and other agencies and health departments. The response plan has been updated based on more recent guidance.4
Mobilizing for Some

Abstract. This study investigated the effects of politicians’ nonparticipatory and participatory Facebook posts on young people’s political efficacy – a key determinant of political participation. We employed an experimental design, using a sample of N = 125 high school students (15–20 years). Participants either saw a Facebook profile with no posts (control condition), nonparticipatory posts, or participatory posts. While nonparticipatory posts did not affect participants’ political efficacy, participatory posts exerted distinct effects. For those high in trait evaluations of the politician presented in the stimulus material or low in political cynicism, we found significant positive effects on external and collective efficacy. By contrast, for those low in trait evaluations or high in cynicism, we found significant negative effects on external and collective efficacy. We did not find any effects on internal efficacy. The importance of content-specific factors and individual predispositions in assessing .
The Lang strain of reovirus serotype 1 and the Dearing strain of reovirus serotype 3 differ in their sensitivities to beta interferon

Replication of the Dearing strain of reovirus serotype 3 in mouse L cells was decreased 17- to 100-fold when a saturating dose of beta interferon (1,000 IU/ml) was used. Replication of the Lang strain of reovirus serotype 1 was inhibited only two- to threefold under similar conditions. It therefore appears that closely related strains of reovirus differ in their sensitivities to beta interferon treatment of mouse L cells.
Semiparametric models: a generalized self‐consistency approach

Summary. In semiparametric models, the dimension d of the maximum likelihood problem is potentially unlimited. Conventional estimation methods generally behave like O(d3). A new O(d) estimation procedure is proposed for a large class of semiparametric models. Potentially unlimited dimension is handled in a numerically efficient way through a Nelson–Aalen‐like estimator. Discussion of the new method is put in the context of recently developed minorization–maximization algorithms based on surrogate objective functions. The procedure for semiparametric models is used to demonstrate three methods to construct a surrogate objective function: using the difference of two concave functions, the EM way and the new quasi‐EM (QEM) approach. The QEM approach is based on a generalization of the EM‐like construction of the surrogate objective function so it does not depend on the missing data representation of the model. Like the EM algorithm, the QEM method has a dual interpretation, a result of merging the idea of surrogate maximization with the idea of imputation and self‐consistency. The new approach is compared with other possible approaches by using simulations and analysis of real data. The proportional odds model is used as an example throughout the paper.
Anabolic actions of parathyroid hormone on bone.

I. Introduction PHYSICIANS have traditionally considered PTH to be an agent that is catabolic to the skeleton. However, as early as 60 yr ago, Albright and his colleagues (1) and later Selye (2) noted that the peptide extract could also be anabolic to the skeleton, producing increases in bone tissue in animals. The potential for an agent that can increase bone mass and hence reverse the skeletal defect in patients with osteoporosis is great, particularly if in doing so it also repairs microarchitectural damage. The agents currently available in the United States for treatment of osteoporosis, estrogens and salmon calcitonin, primarily stabilize bone mass and prevent further loss of bone, although a transient small increment in mass is often reported, particularly in patients with elevated levels of bone remodeling. This increase is not a true anabolic effect but is related to the temporal effects on turnover in which resorption declines initially followed by a reduction in formation that may take several .
Evaluation of an education programme for Chinese women receiving internal radiation for uterine cervical cancer.

Aims and Objectives: 1) To provide an education programme for Chinese women receiving internal radiation for uterine cervical cancer; and 2) to examine the effectiveness of the programme in terms of the participants’ knowledge about their disease, treatment, skill with performing vaginal douching, and attitudes towards self-care. Background: Routinely, women are advised to perform vaginal douching at home to reduce the risk of vaginal adhesion and infection. Compliance with vaginal douching may improve through knowledge about the disease and treatment, skills in performing vaginal douching, and attitudes towards self-care. Patient education research has shown that the more information the patients received, the higher their motivation to comply with health professional advice. Design: A combined pretest/posttest, longitudinal design was used. Methods: Thirty Chinese women receiving internal radiation for uterine cervical cancer in a regional teaching hospital during the period of June 2003 to August 2004 participated and completed the whole study. They were asked to complete an author-developed quantitative questionnaire at three points in time: 1) before the education programme; 2) after the programme; and 3) at the first day of admission for internal radiation. Results: Significant differences were found in the knowledge level of the participants over time ( p < 0.001). The attitudes towards self-care were significantly improved after the education programme ( p < 0.001). Significant differences were found between educational level and knowledge level ( F =5.01, df =1, p < 0.05). There was a significant interaction for age on attitudes towards self-care ( F =4.22, df =2, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Overall, participants’ knowledge was significantly enhanced and they were more likely to perform self-care after attending the education programme. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Results of the study will enhance nurses’ sensitivity to patients’ needs, and help nurses to design and implement an effective programme for women with uterine cervical cancer.
Current Status of Whole-Slide Imaging in Education

Conventional light microscopy (CLM) has classically been the basic tool to teach histology and pathology. In recent years, whole-slide imaging (WSI), which consists of generating a high-magnification digital image of an entire histological glass slide, has emerged as a useful alternative to CLM offering a myriad of opportunities for education. Navigation through the digitized slides closely simulates viewing glass slides with a microscope and is also referred to as virtual microscopy. WSI has many advantages for education. Students feel more comfortable with its use, and it can be used in any classroom as it only requires a computer with Internet access and it allows remote access from anywhere and from any device. WSI can be used simultaneously by a large number of people, stimulating cooperation between students and improving the interaction with the teachers. It allows making marks and annotations on specific fields, which enable specific directed questions to the teacher. Finally, WSI supports are cost-effective compared with CLM. Consequently, WSI has begun to replace CLM in many institutions. WSI has shown to be an extremely useful tool for undergraduate education (medical, dental and veterinary schools), for the training of residents of pathology, tele-education and in tumor boards.
Tradable Refugee-Admission Quotas: A Policy Proposal to Reform the EU Asylum Policy

he current EU Asylum policy is widely seen as ineffective and unfair. We propose an EU-wide market for tradable quotas on both refugees and asylum-seekers coupled with a matching mechanism linking countries' and migrants' preferences. We show that the proposed system can go a long way towards addressing the shortcomings of the existing system. We illustrate this claim using the recent problems regarding relocation faced by the European Asylum Support Office (EASO) in Malta.
Binary Code Multi-Author Identiﬁcation in Multi-Toolchain Scenarios

Knowing the authors of a binary program has significant application to forensic analysis of malicious software (malware), software supply chain risk management, and software plagiarism detection. Since modern software is typically the result of team efforts and there are multiple compilers and optimization levels available to use, it is essential to be able to reliably identify multiple authors across multiple toolchains. However, existing multi-author identiﬁcation studies were only evaluated with code compiled by a single toolchain, leaving open the question whether existing techniques can work in multi-toolchain scenarios. In this paper, we explore how toolchains impact programming style at real-world scale and present new techniques for multi-author identiﬁcation in multi-toolchain scenarios. We show that existing techniques do not work well on real world code in multi-toolchain scenarios. Instead of manually designing code features, we apply deep learning to automatically extract features from the code. Our techniques can achieve 71% accuracy, and 82% top-5 accuracy for classifying 700 authors, which can greatly help analysts prioritize their investigation. In addition to the new authorship identiﬁcation results, we provide an in-depth analysis of our learning models and our results. This analysis is essential since authorship identiﬁcation is not a task easily accomplished by a person. For example, our results show a counter-intuitive phenomena: unoptimized code is more difﬁ-cult to attribute than optimized code. Our investigation shows strong evidence that compiler optimizations such as function inlining can help learning authorship style.
Predictive factors influencing the therapeutic response to diuretic treatment of ascites in nonazotemic cirrhotic patients.

BACKGROUND A low-sodium diet and diuretics, although widely used, are not always the most satisfactory therapy for treatment of ascites in nonazotemic patients with liver cirrhosis. The objective of this investigation was to analyze various predictive factors influencing the therapeutic response to diuretic treatment of ascites in these patients. METHODS Twenty-seven patients with nonazotemic liver cirrhosis and ascites were initially treated with spironolactone, 200 mg/day. If no response was observed, furosemide was added at 40-120 mg/day. Before and during the diuretic therapy 30 clinical and laboratory variables were investigated as possible predictive factors influencing the therapeutic response to diuretics. The renal arterial resistive index (RI) (reflecting renal vascular resistance) was estimated with duplex Doppler ultrasonography. RESULTS Sixteen of the 27 patients (59%) responded to spironolactone alone, whereas 6 patients (22%) responded to combined diuretic therapy with spironolactone and furosemide. Five patients (19%) did not respond to diuretic treatment. Eight of the 30 variables analyzed were statistically significant as possible predictive factors influencing the diuretic response: previous episodes of ascites and gastrointestinal hemorrhage, the presence of peripheral edema, the amount of ascites, plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone concentrations, urinary sodium excretion, and renal interlobar arterial RI. In all patients who had diuretic-resistant ascites, renal interlobar arterial RI was greater than 0.70. Only 9% of patients who responded satisfactorily to diuretic therapy had interlobar arterial RI greater than 0.70. CONCLUSIONS According to our results, consideration for combining the clinical findings with noninvasively measured renal arterial RI using duplex Doppler ultrasonography would be mandatory in identifying a subgroup of cirrhotic patients with ascites who are at high risk for diuretic unresponsiveness.
A 19-Month Record of Marine Aerosol-Cloud-Radiation Properties Derived from DOE ARM Mobile Facility Deployment at the Azores. Part I: Cloud Fraction and Single-Layered MBL Cloud Properties

A 19-month record of total and single-layered low (,3km), middle (3‐6km), and high (.6km) cloud fractions (CFs) and the single-layered marine boundary layer (MBL) cloud macrophysical and microphysical properties was generated from ground-based measurements at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) Azores site between June 2009 and December 2010. This is the most comprehensive dataset of marine cloud fraction and MBL cloud properties. The annual means of total CF and single-layered low, middle, and high CFs derived from ARM radar and lidar observations are 0.702, 0.271, 0.01, and 0.106, respectively. Greater total and single-layered high (.6km) CFs occurred during the winter, whereas singlelayered low (,3km) CFs were more prominent during summer. Diurnal cycles for both total and low CFs were stronger during summer than during winter. The CFs are bimodally distributed in the vertical with a lower peak at ;1km and a higher peak between 8 and 11km during all seasons, except summer when only the low peak occurs. Persistent high pressure and dry conditions produce more single-layered MBL clouds and fewer total clouds during summer, whereas the low pressure and moist air masses during winter generate more total and multilayered clouds, and deep frontal clouds associated with midlatitude cyclones. The seasonal variations of cloud heights and thickness are also associated with the seasonal synoptic patterns. The MBL cloud layer is low, warm, and thin with large liquid water path (LWP) and liquid water content (LWC) during summer, whereas during winter it is higher, colder, and thicker with reduced LWP and LWC. The cloud LWP and LWC values are greater at night than during daytime. The monthly mean daytime cloud droplet effective radius re values are nearly constant, while the daytime droplet number concentration Nd basically follows the LWC variation. There is a strong correlation between cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentration NCCN and Nd during January‐May, probably due to the frequent low pressure systems because upward motion brings more surface CCN to cloud base (well-mixed boundary layer). During summer and autumn, the correlation between Nd and NCCN is not as strong as that during January‐May because downward motion from high pressure systems is predominant. Compared to the compiled aircraft in situ measurements during the Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment (ASTEX), the cloud microphysical retrievals in this study agree well with historical aircraft data. Different air mass sources over the ARM Azores site have significant impacts on the cloud microphysical properties and surface CCN as demonstrated by great variability in NCCN and cloud microphysical properties during some months.
The Old Men in the Census : Inequality and Mobility in 18 th Century Murcia ∗

Economists know very little about inequality and social mobility in the pre-modern era, especially in late industrializing countries. We propose to fill this gap using sources that are common in many countries: demographic (birth and marriage) records and local registries/censuses. We focus on a particular Spanish city (Murcia) because of the quality of the records and the fact that brides did not lose their last names upon marriages, which help us link the family trees. Moreover, we can link sons with not only their parents, but also their paternal and maternal grandparents. We propose an estimator that corrects for the omitted variable bias that most studies suffer because of not using information on maternal characteristics, by using information on both maternal and paternal grandfathers. In particular, we construct an unbiased estimator for: i) the effect of the father on the child; ii) the effect of the mother on the child; and iii) the degree of assortative mating.