Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studies of the galvanic skin response as a deception indicator.

Numerous studies and investigations have been made of the use of certain psychophysiological reactions for the diagnosis of deception. Reviews of this work are plentiful. (5, 6, 7) Such psychophysiological reactions as breathing changes, systolic blood pressure changes, finger and hand tremors, galvanic skin responses, cardiac and pulse changes, and word associations have been investigated. But of the various psychophysiological reactions which have been studied for this use, the galvanic skin response seems to have been regarded as the least reliable indicator. Yet, when lie detection is demonstrated in the classroom with the use of instruments, the galvanometer and the Wheatstone Bridge are brought into play. Even the laboratory manuals suggest the valid use of the galvanic skin response as a deception indicator, but a search of the literature presents no evidence either discounting or validating the use of the skin galvanic response for lie detection. The efficacy of the technique has been supported only in the non-scientific journals such as the Literary Digest and the Forum. PURPOSE The present investigation presents no evidence of the validity of the G.S. R. as a deception indicator in actual criminal cases; rather the investigation was designed to discover the validity of the G.S. R. as a deception indicator in controlled laboratory situations. The work presented here is a part of a larger program seeking to determine the limits of the application of the G.S. R. as an indicator of deception. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of the study of the fatigue-adapted G.S. R. as compared with the nascent response when used as a deception indicator.
Ecological correlates of mate replacement in the American kestrel

During 1983 and 1984 one adult member of 20 pairs of breeding kestrels was removed from the wild during the third week of incubation. We measured several variables, e.g., relative prey abundance, female body condition, territory size, amount of adjacent habitat, and time of removal at each experimental territory. There was no relationship between the date of a removal and the probability of a lost mate being replaced, however, only pairs in which a replacement mate was found early in the season subsequently laid a clutch. Replacement occurred within small territories with high relative prey abundance, and large amounts of suitable, but undefended, habitat nearby. Replacements did not preferentially replace lost mates of females in good body condition. Significant negative correlations occurred between territory size and prey abundance, and between territory size and the amount of suitable, adjacent habitat. This suggests that surplus birds reside on the fringes of territories with high prey densities where competition with breeding birds for food is minimized. We suggest hat surplus kestrels may not monitor territories to ensure replacement with the best potential for successful breeding, but that replacement occurs more frequently when mates are lost from territories where surplus birds forage nearby.
Harvesting Robot for Strawberry Grown on Table Top Culture (Part 2) Harvesting Robot with a Suspended Manipulator under Cultivation Bed

In part 1 of this series, a harvesting robot consisting of a 5 DOF polar-coordinate manipulator, a harvesting end-effector using sucking force, a visual sensor and a traveling device was manufactured and tested with strawberry grown on table top culture. From the results, it was observed that the table top culture was a suitable cultivation method for robotic operations because there were few obstacles around the target fruits, and that harvesting using a sucking force inflicted no damage on the fruits. However, it took the robot 14 to 20 seconds to harvest a single fruit because of the complicated construction and control method of the manipulator. In this study, a cartesian coordinate manipulator suspended under the planting bed of strawberry was employed in order to simplify construction and control method of the manipulator intended for practical use. The robot was capable of moving along the planting bed without a traveling device because one prismatic joint of the manipulator played the role of a travelling device. Furthermore, depth measurement by a visual sensor was simplified because distance between the robot and the fruits was kept approximately constant by suspending the robot under the planting bed. Harvesting experiments were conducted in a greenhouse by using the manipulator equipped with an improved end-effector and a visual sensor. From the results, time required to harvest a fruit was reduced to around 10 seconds because of the simplified construction and control method of the manipulator.
Exploitation of Patchily Distributed Soil Resources by the Clonal Herb Glechoma Hederacea

1 To allow assessment of the ability of plants to exploit heterogeneous habitats, the growth of the stoloniferous herb Glechoma hederacea was compared in three artificial soil environments. In the control treatment named 'uniform', potting compost was evenly mixed with sand; the treatment named 'patchy' contained the same quantity of potting compost, but half was concentrated in a central resource-rich circle in each box. In the treatment named 'low', compost was distributed homogeneously as in the first treatment, but the total quantity of potting compost was halved. 2 The biomass of G. hederacea produced in the patchy treatment was over two and a half times that produced in the uniform treatment, and over ten times that produced in the low treatment. In addition, more leaves were produced in the patchy treatment than in the other two treatments. Almost twice as many stolons reached the perimeters of the boxes. in the patchy treatment as in the uniform treatment. However, the biomass of the portions of the clones that had no basipetal connections via stolons into the central circle did not differ between treatments. 3 There was little evidence that above-ground biomass or ramets were concentrated inside the central circle of the patchy treatment relative to the other two treatments. 4 In contrast, 80% of the root biomass of plants in the patchy treatment was concentrated within the resource-rich central circle. Contrary to the situation in plants grown in homogeneous conditions, root:shoot ratio was highest where soil-derived resources were locally most abundant. Inside the central circle, ramets developed roots earlier in the patchy treatment than in the uniform treatment; outside the central circle, ramets developed roots later in the patchy treatment than in the uniform treatment. 5 In a supplementary experiment the length of young root systems increased exponentially from whatever time their growth was initiated. Thus, local delay or advancement of the initiation of root growth, in response to variations in soil characteristics, could have generated the observed concentration of root biomass inside the central circle of the patchy treatment. 6 G. hederacea can exploit environmental heterogeneity through local functional specialization of plant parts. In many habitats, species that have this ability may outcompete those adapted solely to resource-poor conditions.
Effects of foliage age on body weight and survival in larvae of the tribe Lithophanini (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae))

Weights and survival of early and slightly later lots of lithophanine larvae were compared on the same host plants. Corresponding lots were usually composed of siblings. Fifteen species (eight genera) of larvae and fourteen species (nine genera) of plants were utilized. A total of 26 tests were conducted. Early lots had significantly greater weights than late lots in 12 of 15 analyses and significantly higher survival in 20 of 24 analyses. These results support the idea that spring foliage must be viewed as an ephemeral resource.
Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Public Policy and Bioethical Issues Associated with Patents for Drug Development

The genetic component of variations in human responses to pharmacological agents is called pharmacogenetics while the molecular basis for these variations are most often identified as pharmacogenomics. Pharmacogenomics as a field of scientific endeavor is so new that in the scientific literature the two terms are often used interchangeably. In fact, the search for new drugs at the molecular level start with the identification of variations in DNA sequences whose products produce alterations in the amino acid structure of the active portion of a protein which are then identified with the clinical disorder in question. This process is just the reverse of standard pharmaceutical approaches which begin with exploration of the physiological and potentially the biochemical basis of the specific disorder under study. The completion of the first draft of the human genome in the first months of the new millenium has increased expectations that molecular genetic approaches to drug disovery and development will significantly shorten the time-frame of new drug testing, significantly reduce the level of adverse events and anable the design of drugs to treat those with unique disorders. Based on such rosy expectations and the potential economic opportunities afforded by those who obtain such patents, there has been a rush of patent applications both in the United States and in Europe by private industry and university laboratories conducting genomic research to secure the rights to specific DNA sequences and federal agencies attempting to place the control of such information in the public domaine. This paper will document and discuss from a historic prospective the public policy and bioethical issues associated with the availability of patents for drug development.
High risk pregnancy in the mare - practical implications for the practitioner

Umbilical cords from normal foals are usually between 36 and 83 cm (95% confidence interval) (Whitwell 1975). In a survey of 1,211 abortions from a population of predominantly light breed mares the average length of the umbilical cord was 52.4 + 14.5 cm in term foals with normal placentas, while umbilical cords that were excessively long (71.97 + 21.7 cm) were associated with an increased incidence of umbilical cord torsion, entrapment around the trunk or extremities of the fetus, and long cord/cervical pole ischemia disorder, all of which cause in utero fetal death (Hong et al. 1993). Some twisting of the umbilical cord is common; torsion of the cord is said to have occurred when there is concurrent dilation, edema, thrombosis and hemorrhage of the vessels, and urachal dilation. The incidence of abortion due to umbilical cord torsion in central Kentucky (USA) was reported to be only 4.5% (Hong et al. 1993). In the United Kingdom, the incidence of torsion due to long cords (37.5%) appears to be increasing (Smith et al. 2003); perhaps selection for athletic performance has simultaneously selected for genes controlling cord length in certain populations. Excessively short umbilical cords, although less common, have been associated with premature rupture of the cord during delivery with concomitant fetal asphyxiation (Williams 2009). Urachal occlusion has been observed to cause bladder distension and an enlarged abdomen, leading to dystocia. Urachal compression in utero is also thought to be a risk factor for the development of patent urachus in the neonate (Whitwell 1975).
Current status and strategies of Electronic waste management in Bangladesh

The production of electric and electronic equipment (EEE) is one of the fastest growing areas. This development has resulted in an increase of waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE). Recycling of WEEE is an important subject not only from the point of waste treatment but also from the recovery of valuable materials The current practices of e-waste management in Bangladesh suffer from a number of drawbacks like the difficulty in inventorisation, unhealthy conditions of informal recycling, inadequate legislation, poor awareness and reluctance on part of the corporate to address the critical issues. The consequences are that (i) toxic materials enter the waste stream with no special precautions to avoid the known adverse effects on the environment and human health and (ii) resources are wasted when economically valuable materials are dumped or unhealthy conditions are developed during the informal recycling. This paper gives readers an overview on the e-waste topic—how e-waste is defined, what it is composed of. The paper highlights current status and strategies to address this emerging problem, in the light of initiatives in Bangladesh. The paper presents a waste management system with shared responsibility for the collection and recycling of electronic wastes amongst the manufacturers/assemblers, importers, recyclers, regulatory bodies and the consumers.
A preliminary survey of the cichlid fishes of rocky habitats in Lake Malawi

Most aquarium fishes exported from Lake Malawi are cichlids of 10 rock-frequenting genera collectively referred to by their Chitonga name, Mbuna. These fishes provide a classical example of intralacustrine allopatric speciation. The distribution of 196 species is given with notes on habitat preferenda, depth distribution and behaviour. Considerable emphasis is placed on coloration and markings for identification and it is argued that they are important for mate recognition. Brief notes are given on some of the other rocky shore fishes particularly in the genus Cyrtocara. The value of the aquarium fish resource resides principally in its species richness. Most Mbuna species are geographically restricted and stenotopic. The majority occur in the upper 20 m. Mbuna are trophic specialists, but have the ability to feed opportunistically on a variety of food resources. Resource partitioning is effected by different trophic groups. Evidence suggests that species within a particular trophic group which feed upon .
Flux modulated rotating pole piece magnetic gear

In this paper, the CMG is re-condition so that the pole piece act as the outer rotor instead of surface mount PM. This magnetic coupling of the CMG is similar to the conventional CMG which uses harmonic to transfer the torque and speed from the inner rotor to the outer rotor. The working principle of the proposed CMG is derived analytically and simulated using finite element software. For this recondition, the PM at the outer section become stationary hence, retaining sleeve can be removing. The proposed MG produced 18% higher average torque than the conventional MG with drawback in torque ripple. The proposed CMG also produce higher gear ratio than the same pole pair of conventional CMG.
Köpeklerde Brucella canis’in Teşhisi Amacıyla Yeni Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu Metodunun Geliştirilmesi

In this study, the specific polymerase chain reaction has been standardized and evaluated for the direct diagnosis of Brucella canis in vaginal swab samples from dogs. The specific primer sets are directed to the 16S-23S rRNA inter-space region of Brucella spp. and the deletion of 351 bp in BMEI1426-BMEI1427 in B. canis. A total of 21 references and field strains and 35 vaginal swab samples were used for the evaluation of the polymerase chain reaction. It found that polymerase chain reaction is positive for B. canis DNA indicated by only amplification of 214 bp product. It detected at least 2.7 x 101 CFU/g of bacteria diluted in vaginal swab samples indicates that the polymerase chain reaction can be used as a practical alternative for bacterial isolation. The novel polymerase chain reaction provides a simple and rapid for the detection of B. canis in clinical and field samples in one step and in short time about 24 h.
Biodiversity of cyanobacteria in Tunisian freshwater reservoirs: occurrence and potent toxicity – a review

In spite of the great environmental and sanitary importance of cyanobacteria, their biodiversity is little known in Tunisia. In this work, a review was carried out, based on literature data, of potentially toxic cyanobacteria occurrence in Tunisia. Microcystis, one of the most widely distributed toxic bloom-forming cyanobacteria genera, was represented by Microcytis wesenbergii, found only in Lebna water reservoir, and Microcytis aeruginosa recorded in different water bodies. The invasive potentially toxic cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii , reported for the first time in Tunisia in October 2004, was observed in the semi-arid to arid areas. The harmful genus Planktothrix was represented in Tunisian freshwater by the green-pigmented species P. agardhii . The filamentous cyanobacteria dominance is increasingly reported in Tunisia in eutrophic water bodies. This dominance increases especially during the summer–autumn period. Recently, potentially toxic cyanobacteria blooms have been reported in some reservoirs in the north east of the country. These blooms were generated by the potentially toxic Chroococcale Microcystis aeruginosa. Harmful cyanobacteria tend to spatio-temporal expansion in the Tunisian inland waters. The toxicological potential evaluated by several methods showed that none of the Tunisian strains were proved to be cylindrospermopsin nor saxitoxin producers. However, the majority of Microcystis were able to synthesize microcystin.
Growth rates in the nurse shaark, Ginglymostoma cirratum

Growth rates determined from recapture of free-ranging nurse sharks (Ginglymostoma cirratum) averaged 13.1 ? 9.5 cm/yr and 2.3 ? 1.3 kg/yr based upon recapture of 44 tagged animals (28.9% recovery) with an average at-large interval of 247 d (range: 5-876 d), and an average size at tagging of 126.6 cm TL and 9.8 kg body mass. Growth measurements on three captively maintained nurse sharks averaged over a 3 yr period, resulted in growth rates that were slightly faster (19.1 ? 4.9 cm/yr and 4.0 ? 1.7 kg/yr), but not significantly different. The captive study, however, revealed that growth rates decreased as the age of the animals increased (from approx. 3-6 yr of age). Estimation of growth in the captive population, at times when animals were of similar size as those tagged in the wild, resulted in growth rates that were considerably closer (13.8 ? 2.3 cm/yr and 3.7 ? 2.2 kg/yr). Percent changes in total length for free-ranging nurse sharks and captive nurse sharks of similar size were 11.4%/yr and 11.3%/yr, respectively, while percent changes in body mass averaged 32.7%/yr for recaptured animals compared with 31.6%/yr for comparable sized nurse sharks in captivity.
Natural residual magnetism of eruptive rocks

§ 1. The apparatus for the measurement of remanence (Jrn, Jrs, Jrc) of magnetization JK and of susceptibility K of rocks [see sections “ Literature,” Part I and Part II] are of two kinds: (a) Magnetometers, chiefly astatic [I, 1926c and 1927a, b, etc.], some showing a weak field at the position where the sample is placed, with compensation of the deflection, which requires a regular shape of specimen in measuring remanence or susceptibility [I, 1930c]; the sample may be put in a coil with a known magnetic field to measure JK for different values of H [I, 1930a, p. 273].
Growth and Development of Dinitroaniline-Susceptible and -Resistant Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) Biotypes Under Noncompetitive Conditions

A comparative study of the growth and development of several populations of dinitroaniline-susceptible (DS) and -resistant (DR) goosegrass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. # ELEIN] biotypes was conducted under noncompetitive field conditions. Plant height and width, number of tillers, aboveground dry weight, relative growth rate (RGR), number of inflorescences/plant, total inflorescence dry weight, individual inflorescence dry weight, number of spicate branches/inflorescence, and flag leaf length and width were recorded periodically during the growing season. There were no significant differences between biotypes in most characteristics with the exception of total inflorescence dry weight. The DS biotype produced more total inflorescence dry weight than the DR biotype at 8 and 13 weeks after transplanting. Significant variation among DS and DR populations occurred in 37 and 33 of 56 evaluations, respectively. When variation existed within a biotype, populations exhibited broad ranges of response for the various growth parameters. With the exception of total inflorescence dry weight, DS and DR biotypes generally exhibited similar ranges of variability.
Current Research of Basic Substances Related to Desiccation Tolerance in Seeds

The acquisition and maintenance of desiccation tolerance is related to the type of seed. Orthodox seeds are tolerant to desiccation while recalcitrant seeds are highly sensitive to desiccation. The desiccation tolerance changes during development of the orthodox seeds.Embryos becomes more tolerant as seeds mature and less tolerant as seeds germinate. The protective substances, such as sugars, LEA proteins and antioxidant defensive systems, are accumulated in orthodox seeds when the tolerance is acquired. The desiccation tolerance of seeds is of a complex and multifaceted properties, any one mechanism can't adequately explain the desiccation tolerance. Many protective substances cooperate with each other to modulate the desiccation tolerance. This report summed up the research advances on relationship between desiccation tolerance and protective substances in recent years.
The Study on the Expression Level of SYCP3 mRNA in Yak and Cattle-yak Testis

The expression level of SYCP3 in yak and cattle-yak was studied by RT-PCR and real-time quantitative PCR in this paper.The results showed that SYCP3 was specifc expressed in yak testis,and the difference of expression level between yak and cattle-yak was extremely remarkable(P0.01). The tissue sections of testis and epididymis showed that there wasn't secondary spermatocytes or spermatids in cattle-yak testis,and sperm could't be observed in the epididymis.However,there were all levels of spermatogenic cells in yak testis,and sperms grew well in epididymis which was the same represent as man and mice lack or low express with SYCP3.SYCP3 gene was likely to have a relationship with male infertility of cattle-yak.
Sexual Dimorphism in Basal Metabolism and Body Temperature of a Large Bird, the Emu

The relationship between body mass and basal metabolic rate (BMR) for birds has had many revisions since Kleiber (1932) included three birds in his initial examination of this relationship for homeotherms. Lasiewski and Dawson (1967) calculated separate relationships for the passerines and non-passerines. Later, Aschoff and Pohl (1970) showed significant differences between the BMR measurements of birds in their normal quiet phase (p), as opposed to the active phase (a), of the daily activity cycle. Dann et al. (1989) recently presented an equation based on the p-phase BMR measurements of 263 species. They demonstrate that some orders, such as Falconiformes, diverge from the general relationship. This also appears to be so for ratites. Withers (1983) found the BMR of the Ostrich (Struthio camelus) to be about 40% lower than usual for birds. Calder and Dawson (1978) also reported similar low BMRs for three species of kiwi (Apteryx oweni, A. australis, and A. haasti). They also obtained low values for the Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae), but an earlier study by Crawford and Lasiewski (1968) suggested that the BMR of the Emu was not different from other non-
The Archipelago Approach to Conservation: Inspiring but Unproven@@@The Fragmented Forest: Island Biogeography Theory and the Preservation of Biotic Diversity.

In this poineering application of island biogeography theory, Harris presents an alternative to current practices of timber harvesting. "Harris pulls together many threads of biological thinking about islands and their effect on plant and animal survival and evolution. He weaves these threads into a model for managing forest lands in a manner that might serve both our short-term economic and social needs as well as what some people feel is our ancient charge to be steward of all parts of creation. "--American Forests Winner of the 1986 Wildlife Society Publication Award