Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thyrotropin chronically regulates the pool of thyroperoxidase and its intracellular distribution: A quantitative confocal microscopic study

The regulation of thyroperoxidase (TPO) expression and of its intracellular distribution was studied in porcine thyroid cells cultured on porous bottom filters. Cells were cultured for 18 days in the absence or in the presence of thyrotropin (TSH) and with or without iodide. Microsomes were purified and analyzed by electrophoresis. TPO was detected by immunoblotting with polyclonal anti‐porcine TPO antibodies and quantified by scanning the bands. The amount of TPO was increased 2‐fold by TSH. High concentrations of iodide (1–50 μM, added daily) decreased the level of TPO. Confocal microscopy served to determine the intracellular localization of TPO and its quantitative distribution. Intracellular and surface‐located TPO was detected by fluorescein‐labeled antibodies on saponin‐treated cells. Quantitative confocal microscopy showed that TSH increased the total amount of TPO 2‐fold as for immunoblotting. The highest amount of TPO was found in the perinuclear area and between the nucleus and the Golgi apparatus. Only 4% of TPO was present on the apical surface and about 1% on the basolateral membrane; the remainder (about 95%) was inside the cells. TSH did not change these relative contents. TSH modified the intracellular distribution of the enzyme, increasing the TPO pool from the perinuclear area to apical membrane. This domain could be a site of storage of TPO. Adding a physiological concentration of iodide (0.5 μM, daily) did not influence the intracellular distribution of TPO. We concluded that chronic TSH stimulation (1) increased 2‐fold the pool of TPO but did not change the relative proportion of TPO inside the cells and on the apical surface, and (2) modified the intracellular distribution of vesicular TPO, the major part of which was accumulated in the perinuclear and cytoplasmic area under the subapical domain of the polarized cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 174:160–169, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of aging on time course of neovascularization-related gene expression following acute hindlimb ischemia in mice.

BACKGROUND Molecular analysis of neovascularization related genes by time course in response to ischemia has not been described in the context of aging. We aimed to provide a progressively deeper understanding of how aging compromises neovascularization. METHODS Young (3-month) and old (18-month) C57Bl mice were subjected to left hindlimb ischemia. Necrosis score was evaluated in calf muscles. Calf muscles, peripheral blood, bone marrow were harvested at different time points. The expressions of matrix metalloproteiniase-9 (MMP9), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), stromal derived growth factor-1 (SDF1), hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF1α), VEGF receptor-1 (Flt1), VEGF receptor-2 (Flk1), angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), CD133, CD26 were detected by RT-PCR or Western blotting. White blood cells were counted in the peripheral blood. Gene expression data were compared by two-way analysis of variance. RESULTS MMP9, HIF-1α and SDF-1 were more upregulated during acute ischemia in old vs. young mice, reflecting increased ischemia in aging mice. However VEGF and eNOS exhibited lower expression in old vs. young mice, despite greater ischemia intensity. Ang1 and Flk1 showed similar expression in old vs. young mice. MMP9 peaked earlier in peripheral blood in young vs. old mice. Concurrent decreasing CD26 and increasing CD133 expression in aging bone marrow suggest aging impairs progenitor cell mobilization, CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that a complex array of defects occur with aging that interfere with optimal neovascularization. These include potential impaired mobilization of progenitor cells to ischemic tissue, decreased levels of eNOS and VEGF and delayed responses to ischemia.
On virtual displacement and virtual work in Lagrangian dynamics

The confusion and ambiguity encountered by students in understanding virtual displacement and virtual work is discussed in this paper. A definition of virtual displacement is presented that allows one to express them explicitly for holonomic (velocity independent), non-holonomic (velocity dependent), scleronomous (time independent) and rheonomous (time dependent) constraints. It is observed that for holonomic, scleronomous constraints, the virtual displacements are the displacements allowed by the constraints. However, this is not so for a general class of constraints. For simple physical systems, it is shown that the work done by the constraint forces on virtual displacements is zero. This motivates Lagrange's extension of d'Alembert's principle to a system of particles in constrained motion. However, a similar zero work principle does not hold for the allowed displacements. It is also demonstrated that d'Alembert's principle of zero virtual work is necessary for the solvability of a constrained mechanical problem. We identify this special class of constraints, physically realized and solvable, as the ideal constraints. The concept of virtual displacement and the principle of zero virtual work by constraint forces are central to both Lagrange's method of undetermined multipliers and Lagrange's equations in generalized coordinates.
Providing Family Help at Home

A web based system is described for the delivery of evidence-based behavioral interventions in the home for a variety of mental health problems in children. The goal of the interventions is to teach parents and/or children new skills to enable them to better manage their problems without having to drive into the clinic for face-to-face therapy sessions. The first web based problem module, Disruptive Behavior, includes video clips, interactive modules, web based communication and communication with a human coach on a regular basis using the telephone. The preliminary findings of the first pilot test with 22 families are also discussed.
Relationship of Basal laminar deposit and membranous debris to the clinical presentation of early age-related macular degeneration.

PURPOSE To correlate basal laminar deposit (BLamD) and membranous debris, including basal linear deposit (BLinD), with the evolution of early age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS A clinicopathologic collection of 132 eyes with a continuous layer of BLamD was reviewed. The thickness and type of BLamD and the sites of membranous debris deposition were correlated with the clinical progression of the disease. RESULTS Two types of BLamD, termed early and late, were identified based on light microscopic appearance by using the picro-Mallory stain. The progressive accumulation of late type BLamD correlated well with increasing BLamD thickness, advancing RPE degeneration, poorer vision, increasing age, and clinically evident pigment changes. Membranous debris initially accumulated diffusely as BLinD, most eyes with BLinD and early BLamD remaining funduscopically normal. However, membranous debris also formed focal collections as basal mounds internal to the RPE basement membrane and as soft drusen external to the basement membrane. Eyes in which membranous debris remained confined to basal mounds belonged to older patients with poorer vision, whereas patients with soft drusen were younger and had better vision. CONCLUSIONS The presence of BLinD and early BLamD define threshold AMD, which manifests clinically as a normal fundus. Although late BLamD correlates most closely with clinical pigment abnormalities, it is the quantity and sites of membranous debris accumulation that appear to determine whether the disease develops pigment changes only or follows the alternative pathway of soft drusen formation with its attendant greater risk of choroidal neovascularization (CNV).
Diseases of tortoises: a review of seventy cases.

The clinical and pathological findings in seventy tortoises (mostly Testudo graeca) are described. Diagnostic techniques used included microbiological, histopathological and parasitological examination, and both these and the clinical procedures are described and discussed. A variety of conditions was encountered; gastrointestinal helminthiasis and necrotic stomatitis were most common, but other diagnoses included hypovita-minoses, constipation, abscesses and trauma. On no occasion was a Salmonella sp. isolated.
An Optical Flow Based Electro-Optical See-and-Avoid System for UAVs

This paper presents a study on a fully electro-optical (EO) autonomous target detection system for UAVs. This study was led in the framework of a partnership between the Italian Aerospace Research Center (CIRA) and the University of Naples, within a CIRA project named TECVOL, aimed at developing the technologies needed to support flight autonomy. The selected detection algorithm is based on the Optical Flow technique. In particular, two methods are implemented and tested on real video sequences of flying aircrafts, which are the Horn and Schunck's and the Lucas and Kanade's algorithms. Target detection is based on motion field evaluation, so that pixels with a statistically different velocity from the background are recognized as objects. Numerical results show that the LK technique guarantees better performances, and it is more suitable for real-time implementation. In fact, in the case of fixed background, no miss-detections (MD) and false-detections (FD) can be noticed. Imposing a motion of the optical axis in order to simulate camera wobbling effects, again zero MD are measured, while on average 4,4 FD/frame are observed. However, detection performance gets worse for increasing optical axis oscillation.
Genesis and Control Measures of Blue Algae in Xinlicheng Reservoir

A lot of blue algae occurred in Xinlicheng Reservoir in 2007, and eutrophication took place in water body, which is mainly caused by the contamination of nitrogen and phosphorus. The control measures of blue algae have been presented, including controlling the entering of nutrient substances from the outside sources, gathering of nutrient substances inside the reservoir, destroying the favorable conditions for existence and reproduction of algae, establishing the long-term mechanism for water source protection, and studying the countermeasures from both symptoms and root cause. Hence, the development of blue algae in the reservoir has been controlled effectively.
Theory and Experiment on an Optimal Carrier Frequency of a Modular Multilevel Cascade Converter With Phase-Shifted PWM

This paper provides theoretical and experimental discussions on an optimal carrier frequency for a phase-shifted pulsewidth modulation modular multilevel cascade converter for grid connections. The theoretical discussion concludes that a ratio of the optimal carrier frequency with respect to the supply (ac) frequency is 5/2. A three-phase downscaled front-to-front system is designed, constructed, and tested to confirm validity of the theoretical discussion. It consists of a pair of three-phase modular multilevel cascade converters rated at 400 Vdc and 10 kW, where the carrier frequency is set to 450 Hz and the ac frequency to 180 Hz, that is, their ratio is equal to 5/2. Moreover, simulated waveforms are compared to experimental ones under the same operating conditions. Both experimental and simulated waveforms agree well with each other not only in steady states but also in transient states.
Penetrance of the fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome in a premutation carrier population.

CONTEXT Premutation expansions (55-200 CGG repeats) of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene are frequent in the general population, with estimated prevalences of 1 per 259 females and 1 per 813 males. Several articles have recently described the presence of late-onset neurological symptoms in male carriers of premutation (FMR1) alleles. The main clinical features described in this newly identified syndrome are cerebellar ataxia and intention tremor. Additional documented symptoms include short-term memory loss, executive functional deficits, cognitive decline, parkinsonism, peripheral neuropathy, lower-limb proximal muscle weakness, and autonomic dysfunction. OBJECTIVE To study the penetrance of the fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) among premutation carriers. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Family-based study of 192 individuals (premutation carriers and controls) whose families belong to the Northern or Southern California Fragile X Associations. Data were collected (March 2002-April 2003) through a survey and a standardized neurological examination, which was videotaped and subsequently scored in a blinded fashion. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Penetrance of intention tremor and ataxia among adult carriers (aged > or =50 years) of premutation expansions of the FMR1 gene. RESULTS Data from the survey of 192 individuals demonstrated an age-related penetrance of the combination of reported intention tremor and gait ataxia in male carriers (17%, 38%, 47%, and 75% [lower-bound estimates] for participants aged 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, and > or =80 years, respectively). The male carrier group had an age-adjusted 13-fold increased risk (95% confidence interval, 3.9-25.4; P =.003) of combined intention tremor and gait ataxia when compared with male controls. The clinical examination data from 93 individuals demonstrated that male carriers experienced more difficulties on each of 3 standardized neurological rating scales compared with controls (P<.05). Female carrier scores were also higher than those of female controls (P<.05) on 2 of the 3 neurological rating scales, but no participant was identified with probable or definite FXTAS. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrates that older male carriers of premutation alleles of the FMR1 gene are at high risk of developing FXTAS. Since male premutation carriers are relatively common in the general population, older men with ataxia and intention tremor should be screened for the FMR1 mutation, especially if these signs are accompanied by parkinsonism, autonomic dysfunction, or cognitive decline, regardless of family history.
The effects of severe muscular exercise on muscle innervation

The changes in composition of muscle interstitial fluid during severe exercise is discussed, and a study of the effect on muscle receptors of one such change, an increase in potassium ion concentration, is described. Results of experiments on rat muscle are presented which indicate that receptors in muscle are protected from great changes in potassium ion concentration by barrier membranes with structure and properties capable of adaptation in response to intensive muscular activity. The adaptation could delay the onset of receptor fatigue and muscle pain.
NHE3 regulatory complexes

SUMMARY The epithelial brush border Na/H exchanger NHE3 is active under basal conditions and functions as part of neutral NaCl absorption in the intestine and renal proximal tubule, where it accounts for the majority of total Na absorbed. NHE3 is highly regulated. Both stimulation and inhibition occur post-prandially. This digestion related regulation of NHE3 is mimicked by multiple extracellular agonists and intracellular second messengers. The regulation of NHE3 depends on its C-terminal cytoplasmic domain, which acts as a scaffold to bind multiple regulatory proteins and links NHE3 to the cytoskeleton. The cytoskeletal association occurs by both direct binding to ezrin and by indirect binding via ezrin binding to the C-terminus of the multi-PDZ domain containing proteins NHERF1 and NHERF2. This is a review of the domain structure of NHE3 and of the scaffolding function and role in the regulation of NHE3 of the NHE3 C-terminal domain.
Salmonella Enteritidis en huevos de gallina comercializados en Tunja (Colombia)

Introduccion: La deteccion de Salmonella sp se encuentra incluida dentro del programa de vigilancia epidemiologica en Colombia debido a su importancia en salud publica, siendo uno de los microorganismos mas frecuentemente relacionados con enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos (ETA). Su transmision se da principalmente a traves del consumo de productos avicolas como el pollo o el huevo contaminados con la bacteria. Objetivo: El proposito del presente estudio fue determinar la presencia de Salmonella Enteritidis en huevos para consumo humano comercializados en la ciudad de Tunja (Colombia). Materiales y metodos: Se examinaron 230 huevos provenientes de cinco avicolas ubicadas en diferentes expendios de la ciudad de Tunja y de un vendedor independiente. Se aplico el protocolo para la deteccion de Salmonella, establecido segun la Norma Tecnica Colombiana 4574, determinando tambien el serotipo de los aislados de Salmonella empleando antisueros somaticos e individuales y el factor 46 del grupo D2. Resultados: Se logro identificar Salmonella Enteritidis en cuatro huevos, lo que corresponde al 1,74% del total de las muestras. Adicionalmente, se recuperaron once especies bacterianas diferentes a Salmonella, provenientes de la cascara, clara y la yema de los huevos examinados, entre los cuales se encontraron algunas especies bacterianas que pueden representar riesgo para la salud humana. Conclusion: La circulacion de Salmonella Enteritidis en los huevos de gallina comercializados en la ciudad de Tunja, constituye en un riesgo para la salud del consumidor. Por tal motivo, la vigilancia de los productos elaborados a base de huevo es indispensable en la prevencion de enfermedades generadas por este microorganismo. Palabras clave: Infecciones por Salmonella, Enfermedades transmitidas por los alimentos, Salud Publica, Diarrea, Productos Avicolas. (Funte: DeCS)
A study of influence between digital watermarking and steganography

Researches about steganography and watermark mostly focus on either field separately. However, their correlation is ignored while they apply highly similar techniques to hide information in images. Watermark is commonly added in some websites after an image is uploaded. In this work, we study the influence of steganalysis caused by watermarking. Several watermarking and steganography algorithms, both classical and recent, are implemented and tested using an L-GEM based RBFNN. Experimental results show a degradation of steganalysis when the watermarking and steganography use similar embedding techniques. Moreover, the steganalysis accuracies depend on the use of embedding techniques in training datasets. If training images do not have watermarks while testing images have, the detection rates decrease significantly. This creates a new and easy steganography method to avoid steganalysis.
The Role of Extra-Articular Tenodesis in Combined ACL and Anterolateral Capsular Injury

Background: The “gold standard” treatment of anterolateral capsular injuries in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient knees has not been determined. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of ACL reconstruction and extra-articular reconstruction on joint motion in the ACL-deficient knee and in the combined ACL and anterolateral capsule-deficient knee. Methods: An anterior tibial load of 134 N and internal tibial torque of 7 Nm were applied to 7 fresh-frozen cadaveric knees using a robotic testing system continuously throughout the range of flexion. The resulting joint motion was recorded for 6 knee states: intact, ACL-deficient, ACL-reconstructed, combined ACL and anterolateral capsule-deficient, ACL-reconstructed + anterolateral capsule-deficient, and ACL-reconstructed + extra-articular tenodesis. Results: Anterior tibial translation of the ACL-reconstructed + anterolateral capsule-deficient knee in response to an anterior tibial load was restored to that of the intact knee at all knee-flexion angles (p > 0.05). However, for this knee state, internal tibial rotation in response to internal tibial torque was not restored to that of the intact knee at 60° or 90° of knee flexion (p < 0.05). For the knee state of ACL-reconstructed + extra-articular tenodesis, internal rotation in response to internal tibial torque was restored to the motion of the intact knee at each of the tested knee-flexion angles (p > 0.05). Compared with the intact knee, 2 of 7 specimens showed decreased internal tibial rotation with ACL reconstruction + extra-articular tenodesis. Conclusions: In this study, an extra-articular tenodesis was necessary to restore rotatory knee stability in response to internal tibial torque in a combined ACL and anterolateral capsule-deficient knee. The amount of rotatory knee instability should be carefully assessed to avoid over-constraint of the knee in these combined ligament-reconstruction procedures. Clinical Relevance: On the basis of our findings, the surgical procedure needs to be personalized depending on the amount of rotatory knee instability in the injured knee and the amount of rotation in the contralateral knee.
Social Relations and Voice Behavior : The Mediating Role of Psychological Safety

Over the years much research has been devoted to understanding how employee’s voice behavior may be promoted. Existing studies, however, have not yet fully examined the voice behavior process, because they have not taken the mediating role of cognitive and mental processes into adequate consideration. In order to fill this gap, this study develops and tests a theoretical model which focuses on psychological safety as a mediating mechanism between social relations and voice. Data were collected from 652 employees from the largest express transportation company in Taiwan. Structural equation modeling analysis was used to test the study’s hypotheses. Empirical results showed that psychological safety did mediate the relationship between voice behavior and workers’ perceived relationships with supervisors and co-workers. Practical management and research implications are discussed and future research directions are suggested. Key-words: perceived relationship with supervisor, perceived relationship with co-workers, psychological safety, voice behavior
An Experimental Study in Chickens for the Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Scoliosis

Experimentaliy induced scoliosis was investigated in pinealectomized chickens using pathologic and neurophysiologic means. A total of 90 chickens were tested; 30 served as a normal control 30 received an autografted pineal body in the intramuscular tissue of the trunk, and 30 underwent pinealectomy without autograft. Scoliosis developed in all pineslectomized chickens within 2 weeks, showing gradual progression during the next 5 or 6 weeks. At 3 months, the three-dimensional spinal deformity consisted of lateral curvature and vertebral body rotation, resulting in a praminent lordoscoliosis at the thoracic level. In contrast, scoliosis developed in only 10% of the autagrafted chickens. Histologic examination revealed no pathologic change in the brain in either the pinealectomized scoliosis group or in the autografted nonscoliosis group. Cortical potentials in the scoliosis group were delayed, thus suggesting conduction disturbance rostral to the brain stem. Although the relationship between the cause and effect is uncertain, these findings implicate neurotransmitters or neurohormonal systems in the pineal body as a major contributing factor in this type of axperimental scoliosis.