Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bandwidth Constrained Least Delay Least Cost Routing Algorithm

Rapid growth in number and diversity of real time Internet applications has made it imperative to consider more than one Quality of Service (QOS) constraint and more than one Traffic Engineering (TE) objective to route requests in an optimal way. Recently, some bandwidth-delay constrained routing algorithms appear to satisfy meeting QOS requirements of bandwidth and delay. However, most of them do not take into account TE objectives for the usage efficiency of their network infrastructure. In this paper, we present a new Bandwidth constrained least Delay least Cost Routing Algorithm (BDCRA). In our approach, we have relied on bandwidth constraint to satisfy bandwidth guarantees and we have based on bandwidth and cost criteria to distribute network load, avoid network bottlenecks, and reduce routing cost. Moreover, our proposed algorithm satisfies as possible the delay requirement by taking into account delay constraint. Finally, simulations where carried to compare the performance of our algorithm against some existing ones.
Cuantificación y monitorización del hígado graso no alcohólico mediante resonancia magnética

Introduccion:La prevalencia de la enfermedad por higado graso no alcoholico (NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) esta aumentando en los paises desarrollados en asociacion con obesidad y sindrome metabolico. Nuevas tecnicas diagnosticas incruentas son necesarias para determinar de forma precisa el contenido hepatico de lipidos. Hipotesis de trabajo:En este proyecto de investigacion quisimos esclarecer la capacidad diagnostica de la resonancia magnetica (RM) multieco para cuantificar la grasa hepatica respecto al metodo bioquimico de Folch en una biopsia hepatica y monitorizar la evolucion de la esteatosis en pacientes pertenecientes a un grupo de riesgo de NAFLD (obesidad). Material y metodos:Disenamos un estudio transversal descriptivo de prueba diagnostica para la cuantificacion de la grasa intrahepatica comparando la fraccion grasa calculada por RM multieco, el grado histologico de esteatosis y la medicion bioquimica de la concentracion hepatica de trigliceridos (gold standard) en pacientes con criterios de obesidad morbida y pacientes control no obesos, validando posteriormente los resultados obtenidos en una nueva cohorte con caracteristicas clinicas similares. Ademas, se realizo un estudio prospectivo para la monitorizacion de la esteatosis hepatica mediante una nueva RM multieco realizada un ano despues de cirugia bariatrica/hepatica en el grupo de pacientes obesos. Resultados:Nuestros datos indican que la fraccion grasa calculada por RM multieco se correlaciona muy positivamente con la medicion bioquimica de la grasa hepatica, resultando una ecuacion que nos permite calcular el valor Folch (bioquimico) estimado conociendo unicamente la fraccion grasa por RM. Hemos comprobado que los pacientes obesos sometidos a cirugia bariatrica presentan, al ano de la intervencion, una mejoria de la esteatosis hepatica medida por RM multieco y por el valor Folch estimado. Conclusiones:Todos estos datos indican que la RM multieco puede ser un metodo diagnostico incruento que permita cuantificar y monitorizar de forma precisa la grasa intrahepatica.133 p. +
Novel Suppressive Function of Transitional 2 B Cells in Experimental Arthritis1

The immune system contains natural regulatory cells important in the maintenance of tolerance. Although this suppressive function is usually attributed to CD4 regulatory T cells, recent reports have revealed an immunoregulatory role for IL-10-producing B cells in the context of several autoimmune diseases including collagen-induced arthritis. In the present study, we attribute this suppressive function to a B cell subset expressing high levels of CD21, CD23, and IgM, previously identified as transitional 2-marginal zone precursor (T2-MZP) B cells. T2-MZP B cells are present in the spleens of naive mice and increase during the remission phase of arthritis. Following adoptive transfer to immunized DBA/1 mice, T2-MZP B cells significantly prevented new disease and ameliorated established disease. The suppressive effect on arthritis was paralleled by an inhibition of Ag-specific T cell activation and a reduction in cells exhibiting Th1-type functional responses. We also provide evidence that this regulatory subset mediates its suppression through the secretion of suppressive cytokines and not by cell-to-cell contact. The ability to regulate an established immune response by T2-MZP B cells endows this subset of B cells with a striking and previously unrecognized immunoregulatory potential.
Optimizing Settling Conditions For Treatment Of Liquid Hog Manure

Sedimentation is a widely used separation method for treating agricultural waste. There are several chemical and biological characteristics, which can affect the settling behavior and liquid waste. The optimization of cation balances and potential for nitrification are among these processes. In addition to sedimentation, it can also affect the dewaterability of the samples. Liquid hog manure was used during the laboratory based experiments to investigate the effects of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions and nitrification inhibition on the overall settling and dewatering characteristics. The results indicated that settling and dewatering characteristics improved during the course of the experiments. However, the improvement in settling and dewatering characteristics was inconsistent and not statistically significant. Cation addition in aerated reactor increased the highest settling velocity (94%). The improvement in dewaterability, as quantified by capillary suction time, was also not consistent. The greatest filterability observed in the supernatant was a capillary suction time of 40 s for a M:D ratio of 2:1. Initial NH4 + concentration was more important than the nitrification inhibitor, as the presence of nitrification inhibitor increased the nitrification rate by over 300 % because of the high initial NH4 + concentration and low volatile suspended solid. The results from these experiments provide the basis for further field evaluation of cation optimization.
Agarra el momento/seize the moment: Developing communication activities for a drug prevention intervention with and for Latino families in the US Southwest

This article presents the development of parent–child communication activities by applying Community-Based Participatory Research and focus group methodology. Three parent–child communication activities were developed to enhance an already efficacious parenting intervention: (1) agarra el momento or seize the moment uses everyday situations to initiate conversations about substance use, (2) hay que adelantarnos or better sooner than later stresses being proactive about addressing critical issues with youth, and (3) setting rules and expectations engages parents in establishing rules and expectations for healthy and effective conversations with youth. Focus group data are presented to illustrate how thematic content from the focus groups was used to inform the development of the activities and, furthermore, how such methods supported the development of a culturally grounded intervention.
Seventh-day Adventists and Original Sin: a Study of the Early Development of the Seventh-day Adventist Understanding of the Effect of Adam's Sin on His Posterity

Problem. In Seventh-day Adventist theology, the doctrine of original sin has received ambivalent treatment. Periodically voices within the church and outside of it have asserted that the doctrine has no part in SDA theology, yet other Christians have insisted that it is a Scriptural doctrine. It was the purpose of the present study to examine the theological roots of Adventism to determine the reasons for and the content of its treatment of the doctrine. Method. Since Biblical and historical perspectives are indispensable to the critical process of theology, a brief developmental survey was done to reveal trends and models relevant to Adventism. In addition, the SDA expression from 1850 to 1900 was examined through church-issued publications. Norman Powell Williams' instrument for analyzing a doctrine of original sin was then applied to the SDA theological presentations. Results. There is a discernible line of development from the English Enlightenment to the Adventist Movement. Through conditionalist views Adventism acquired a hamartiology similar to that of the nineteenth century New Haven theologians. According to this view man's inherited condition is not his responsibility and is not to be properly called sin. Early Adventist concerns were anthropological, but these were superseded by a greater soteriological emphasis in the 1890s. Conclusions. The SDA treatment of original sin was developed along Arminian and conditionalist lines and emphasized actual sin more than ontological sin (as Augustine and certain Reformers had). While SDAs were located geographically, historically, and theologically, in an anti-Catholic, anti-Calvinistic tradition, they initially used the term "original sin," though in their own way. However, by the end of thenineteenth century they had virtually dispensed with all employment of the term as useful to convey their understanding of man's fallenness. This undoubtedly contributes to Adventist hesitancy toward usage of the term which persists to the present. Nevertheless, SDAs expressed a doctrine that is definable as a doctrine of original sin by theological and historical models.
Relation of Minimum Viable Population Size to Biology, Time Frame, and Objective

Shoemaker et al.’s (2013) estimate of the minimum viable population size (MVPS) of the bog turtle (Glyptemys muhlenbergii) is 3 orders of magnitude below population sizes typically viewed as minimally viable (Reed et al. 2003; Trail et al. 2007). Even Flather et al. (2011), who question the utility of MVPS for conservation planning, concede that long-term persistent populations will require thousands of individuals. Rather than conclude their result is incorrect, Shoemaker at al. suggest that MVPS has been overestimated for long-lived species. Although we agree in principle that small populations, especially of long-lived species, have conservation value, we do not agree that Shoemaker et al.’s result provides evidence that small populations are viable. This position is inconsistent with existing empirical evidence of persistence of small populations (Simberloff & Gibbons 2004; Fagan et al. 2005; Fagan & Holmes 2006). We suggest that Shoemaker et al.’s estimate is a gross underestimate, emanating from their definition of viability, which is too narrow, not biologically meaningful, and ignores factors such as demographic and environmental stochasticity, loss of genetic variability, and catastrophes. Their conclusion that populations of long-lived species can be orders of magnitude smaller than currently believed does a disservice to species conservation and raises the longterm discussion in conservation biology about whether we should be focusing on the minimum for management. Shoemaker et al. used too short a time frame, 100 years. Frankham and Brook (2004) and O’Grady et al. (2008) identify the importance of setting the proper time frame for conservation questions and point out that generation length is often the appropriate scale. It can be shown easily that even a strongly declining population can be viable over the short time frame of 10 generations ( 100 years for long-lived species) and that the
Fate of the human liver after hemihepatic portal vein embolization: Cell kinetic and morphometric study

The favorable therapeutic effect of preoperative portal vein embolization (PVE) was analyzed by assessing various volumetric, cell kinetic and morphometric parameters and examining histologically the embolized and nonembolized lobes of 15 patients who underwent extended right lobectomy 2 to 3 weeks after PVE. Each lobar volume was calculated from computed tomography (CT) images, hepatocyte proliferation was evaluated by assessing proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression and mitosis, hepatocyte apoptosis was evaluated by the terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, and the hepatocyte numerical density as well as the sinusoidal volumetric ratio (Vvs) and the mean hepatocyte volume (Cv) were calculated using morphometric methods. PVE induced hepatocyte apoptosis and atrophy of the embolized lobe (from 798 ± 213 to 708 ± 222 cm3; P < .05). The increased sinusoidal volume in this lobe (17.7% ± 4.5% and 21.7% ± 5.7%, periportal and pericentral area, respectively) may have been attributable to hepatocyte deletion. Cells in the nonembolized lobe entered a highly active phase of proliferation within 2 weeks after PVE. Further evidence of cellular proliferation was provided by the increased nonembolized lobar volume (from 379 ± 132 to 545 ± 130 cm3; P < .01) and numerical density of hepatocyte nuclei (Nv) (5.38 ± 1.26 vs. 3.11 ± 0.85 × 105/mm3; P < .01, nonembolized vs. embolized lobe, respectively). In conclusion, these results indicate that the favorable effect of PVE is attributable to a net gain of functional hepatocyte mass and/or early induction of hepatocyte proliferation following hepatectomy.
Secrecy diversity analysis with Multi-user scheduling for overlay cognitive radio systems

In this paper, we consider a cognitive radio (CR) network which is made up of multiple secondary users (SUs), a secondary destination (SD) and an eavesdropper (E) which may overhear the legitimate communication between SUs and SD. In order to ensure the secure communication from SUs to SD, we investigate round-robin scheduling and optimal user scheduling to prohibit eavesdropper attacking. In optimal user scheduling, the channel state information (CSI) of all links including SUs-D, SUs-E, primary user (PU)-D and PU-E are available. Because of intercept probability is an important metric of security for wireless communications, we discuss the intercept probability of both scheduling. To further present the impact of number of users on secrecy performance, we also analyze the secrecy diversity of round robin scheduling and optimal user scheduling. Final results indicate that round robin scheduling obtains only one diversity order, however optimal user scheduling achieves full diversity order. Additionally, optimal user scheduling performs better than round robin scheduling in terms of intercept probability and the secrecy performance will significantly improve as the number of users increases.
Pharmacotherapy of patients with schizophrenia and substance abuse

Background: Comorbid substance-use disorder in schizophrenia patients is associated with poor clinical and functional outcome. Objective: To provide evidence-based pharmacological treatment recommendations to improve the disease course of this patient group. Methods: A comprehensive systematic review of the pharmacological studies in this subgroup of patients was performed and the available studies were discussed from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine. Results/conclusion: Slight advantages were found for second-generation antipsychotic agents over conventional antipsychotics with regard to improvement of distinct psychopathological symptoms, reduced craving, and greater reduction of substance use; these findings are mainly derived from open studies or case series. Additional treatment with antidepressants, depending on the patient's psychopathology, as well as with anti-craving agents should be considered.
Long-term prognosis and the response of schizophrenic children to drug therapy: a controlled study of trifluoperazine.

Previous studies have demonstrated that severity of language impairment is a critical determinant of long-term outcome for schizophrenic children in the age group of two to six years. Language impairment was therefore used as the major measure of severity in this study, designed to test whether subgroups of schizophrenic children, divided according to prognostic criteria, would respond differently to drugs as well as to placebo. Responses to both nonpharmacologic aspects of treatment and to the drug itself were found to be related to the initial severity of language impairment. Thus the major developmental defect determining long-term outcome for schizophrenic children in this age group also predicted the immediate responsiveness to treatment.
RATINGS OF PERCEIVED EXERTION AND MUSCLE ACTIVITY DURING THE BENCH PRESS EXERCISE IN RECREATIONAL AND NOVICE LIFTERS

This study examined ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and electro-myography (EMG) during resistance exercise in recreational and novice lifters. Fourteen novice (age = 21.5 ± 1.5 years) and 14 recreationally trained (age = 21.9 ± 2.2 years) women volunteered to perform the bench press exercise at 60 and 80% of their 1 repetition maximum (1RM). RPE and EMG were measured during both intensities. Statistical analyses revealed that active muscle RPE increased as resistance exercise intensity increased from 60% 1RM to 80% 1RM (12.32 ± 1.81 vs. 15.14 ± 1.74). Integrated EMG also increased as resistance exercise intensity increased from 60% 1RM to 80% 1RM (in the pectoralis major; 98.62 ± 17.54 vs. 127.98 ± 29.02). No significant differences in RPE or EMG were found between novice and recreational lifters. These results indicate that RPE is related to the relative exercise intensity lifted as well as muscle activity during resistance exercise for both recreational and novice lifters. These results support the use of RPE as a method of resistance exercise intensity estimation for both types of lifters.
Mind-Body Interactions in Anxiety and Somatic Symptoms

AbstractAnxiety and somatic symptoms have a high prevalence in the general population. A mechanistic understanding of how different factors contribute to the development and maintenance of these symptoms, which are highly associated with anxiety disorders, is crucial to optimize treatments. In this article, we review recent literature on this topic and present a redefined model of mind-body interaction in anxiety and somatic symptoms, with an emphasis on both bottom-up and top-down processes. Consideration is given to the role played in this interaction by predisposing physiological and psychological traits (e.g., interoception, anxiety sensitivity, and trait anxiety) and to the levels at which mindfulness approaches may exert a therapeutic benefit. The proposed model of mind-body interaction in anxiety and somatic symptoms is appraised in the context of joint hypermobility syndrome, a constitutional variant associated with autonomic abnormalities and vulnerability to anxiety disorders.
Health and Roma People in Turkey.

BACKGROUND The research and published literature on Roma health in Turkey is much more limited than in other European countries. Among these, there are hardly any published literature focusing on the health status, health indicators and health behaviors. AIMS The aim of this research is to describe the perceptions of health-related concepts and access and the use of health services and social determinants of the health of Roma people in Turkey. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive qualitative survey. METHODS The participants were chosen by random sampling. The semi-structured interview topic guide was developed from sources such as advice from the Romani community leaders, published evidence and personal experience from previous work with Roma communities. Non-directive open-ended questions allowed the exploration of their health status, how they conceptualize health and disease, their level of awareness on the impact of social determinants of health, on their health status and the access and use of health services. The data analysis was based on grounded theory. Analysis proceeded in four steps: 1. Reading and examining the transcripts separately using open coding, 2. Extracting the key words and codes from the transcripts and sorting them into categories, 3. Re-reading the transcripts by using selective coding, and 4. Examining the categories derived from the open coding systematically and determining the concepts summarizing the material. RESULTS The survey results are compatible with the existing literature on Roma health and reveal that 1) there is a tight link between the lack of social determinants of health and the poor health status of Roma people 2) socioeconomic factors and cultural norms of the ethnic minority are suspicious factors 3) comparative and systematic research is needed to illuminate the actual health gaps and causal factors for them. CONCLUSION The research proves that the need for comparative and systematic research in Turkey to determine the actual health status of Roma people and develop policies to combat the health disparities is profound.
Síndrome da disgalactia pós-parto na porca: uma visão atual do problema

Com o aumento no tamanho da leitegada alcancado nos ultimos anos, tornou-se necessario manter um maior numero de leitoes por femea em lactacao. Com isso, a integridade do complexo mamario e uma adequada producao de leite tem assumido uma importância cada vez maior para uma adequada criacao e desenvolvimento dos leitoes ate o desmame. Por sua vez, as falhas lactacionais, que levam ao comprometimento na producao de leite em diferentes graus, sao muito comuns em suinos. Essas falhas sao importantes em todas as especies, mas na suina, alem de serem mais comuns, assumem grande papel devido a enorme susceptibilidade do leitao a hipoglicemia (POWE, 1986). Tradicionalmente, denomina-se a insuficiente producao de leite, que ocorre apos o parto na porca, de sindrome mastite-metrite-agalactia (MMA). Entretanto, mais recentemente foram descritas denominacoes mais especificas para essa sindrome, tais como: sindrome da hipogalactia puerperal (SHP) (SMITH et al., 1992), sindrome da disgalactia pos-parto (SDP), (KLOPFENSTEIN et al., 1999) e sindrome da insuficiencia lactacional (TOKACH & TUBBS, 1997). Essa grande variedade de nomes empregada da uma ideia do grande espectro das etiologias e das formas de apresentacao do problema entre os diferentes rebanhos (TOKACH & TUBBS, 1997). Na pratica, no entanto, observa-se uma reducao na secrecao de leite (hipogalactia) e, somente em algumas situacoes, ha uma verdadeira agalactia (falha completa na producao de leite). Da mesma forma, a endometrite nem sempre esta envolvida no complexo. Por essas razoes, e tambem por ser dado um enfoque mais detalhado no periodo puerperal ao longo desse texto, essa falha lactacional sera denominada de sindrome da disgalactia pos-parto (SDP).
Les descripteurs d'un son Librairie Matlab SPL et fichiers de descriptions ".sig""

Le traitement du signal audio rapide travaille avec des descriptions compactes des sons plutot qu'avec les sons eux-memes. Dans une premiere partie nous introduisons cette notion de description et nous proposons un etat de l'art des differents types de description utilises. Ces descriptions incorporent le plus souvent des quantites telles que l'energie ou le spectre de puissance a court-terme. Cependant, energie et puissance sont des concepts qui sont souvent confondus ou mal interpretes, et leur definition depend des conventions de calcul qui ont ete choisies pour les signaux numerises. Nous rappelons dans une deuxieme partie les definitions theoriques (physiques) de ces concepts, et nous proposons nos propres conventions de calcul. Nous definisson alors un ensemble de formules pour le calcul exact (i.e. coherent avec leur definition physique) de l'energie, de la puissance ou de la valeur RMS en dB SPL. Ces definitions sont implementees dans une librairie Matlab (SPL) qui sert a calculer les descripteurs d'un fichier son, et les incorpore dans un fichier de description dont nous avons defini le format (.sig). La derniere partie de ce rapport decrit la syntaxe de ces fonctions. Finalement, la troisieme partie de ce rapport decrit la stucture des fichiers . sig.