Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influencia de diferentes estrategias reproductivas y nutricionales sobre la fisiología ovárica en conejas primíparas

La produccion intensiva de la coneja necesita elevados requerimientos energeticos ya que este animal simultanea lactacion y gestacion. En las conejas primiparas este hecho es todavia mas acusado al presentar un balance energetico negativo durante su primera lactacion, ocasionando importantes perdidas en la explotacion. Estos problemas pueden resolverse utilizando practicas que se adapten a las necesidades energeticas del animal y a su estado fisiologico en este periodo. Para ello, la presente Tesis Doctoral tiene como objetivo general la profundizacion en el conocimiento de la fisiologia reproductiva en las conejas primiparas, para explicar los fundamentos que permitan la aplicacion de diferentes estrategias de manejo reproductivo y nutricional con el fin de minimizar los problemas que afectan a estos animales en los sistemas de produccion actuales. Los estudios realizados a lo largo de los tres capitulos experimentales de que consta esta Memoria estan enfocados principalmente en como estas estrategias afectan al estatus ovarico y, en particular, a la calidad de los foliculos y a la competencia de los oocitos. En lagomorfos, estos mecanismos no se conocen adecuadamente, y muchas de las afirmaciones fisiologicas sobre las que se apoyan los actuales sistemas de produccion se basan en estudios realizados en otras especies. Por otra parte, otros autores han utilizado puntualmente algunas de estas estrategias en conejas primiparas, pero han tenido como objetivo solo el estudio de parametros productivos; todo ello indica la necesidad de profundizar en el conocimiento de los mecanismos fisiologicos, endocrinos, metabolicos y ovaricos que expliquen lo que acontece en las condiciones reproductivas senaladas.
The utility of MDM2 and CDK4 immunohistochemistry in needle biopsy interpretation of lipomatous tumours: a study of 21 Tru‐Cut biopsy cases

proposed classification of two tumour categories, namely (i) Toker cell derived (benign and malignant) and (ii) tumours derived from underlying carcinomas. First, it should be emphasized that the proposed precursor cells are rarely identified on haematoxylin and eosin sections. Toker described these cells in only 10% of nipples investigated, and Willman et al. demonstrated vulvar Toker cells only by means of immunohistochemistry (there is only one publication on vulvar Toker cells in the literature). One should bear in mind that although Toker cells seem appealing to some investigators, one can hardly find uniform, clear and reproducible morphological criteria in order to identify such cells. Furthermore, the immunoprofile of Toker cells has never been fully elucidated in a significant number of cases. For example, we do not know much about the expression of highand lowmolecular-weight CKs such as CK34BE12, CK5 ⁄ 6 (both high-molecular-weight CKs) and CK8 ⁄ 18 (lowmolecular-weight CK) in Toker cells. The immunoexpression of oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and AR is also largely unknown in this cell type. As admitted by Dr Fernandez-Flores, many cases of MPD and EMPD clearly show a different immunoprofile from that of normal Toker cells, including differences in the mucin phenotype of Toker cells and cases of vulvar Paget’s disease. The fact is that the immunohistochemical phenotype of Toker cells is reproduced by just a minority of cases with MPD and EMPD. For that reason, we believe that it is misleading to claim that so-called Toker cell pathology can currently serve as a reliable unifying concept for the cellular origin of either mammary or extramammary Paget’s disease. However, we would welcome larger, well-designed studies investigating Toker cells and their possible role in the pathogenesis of MPD and EMPD.
Climate Change: Implication for Food-Borne Diseases (Salmonella and Food Poisoning Among Humans in R. Macedonia)

© 2012 Kendrovski and Gjorgjev, licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Climate Change: Implication for Food-Borne Diseases (Salmonella and Food Poisoning Among Humans in R. Macedonia)
Comparative receptor study in gamete chemotaxis of the seaweeds Ectocarpus siliculosus and Cutleria multifida. An approach to interspecific communication of algal gametes.

Gamete fusion in phaeophytes is initiated by olefinic hydrocarbons as messenger substances. They are secreted by the female gametes and act on male gametes or gametangia. The sensitivity thresholds of the androgametes of Ectocarpus siliculosus and Cutleria multifida, two brown algae of different evolutionary stages, for ectocarpene, which is produced by either species, were found to be 0.89 nmol/l and 8.9 nmol/l sea water, respectively. The molecular recognition mechanism is shown to be identical for these two species and probably also for most other phaeophytes. The pheromones involved are structurally related and sometimes resemble each other in their overall pi-electron distribution (e.g. ectocarpene and multifidene). Knowing the specific messenger, the typical response behaviour of each receptor involved, the pheromone productivity of the considered species as well as other biological parameters (phytogeographic distribution, the natural benthic habitat and times of fertilization), a method is presented to uncover possible interspecific cross-reactions of such algal communication systems as a 'chemical warfare' device in their fight for living space.
Control of Mastitis through dry cow therapy : A review

Introduction Mastitis is one of the most economically important diseases of milch animals and also causes the changes in glandular tissues affecting quality and quantity of milk [1]. Mastitis continues to be the most costly disease of dairy animals. Field surveys of major livestock diseases in Pakistan have ranked mastitis as number one disease of dairy animals [2,3]. In Nili-Ravi buffaloes, mastitis shortens lactation period of each animal by 57 days on an average and reduces 438 kg of milk per lactation [2]. Statistics of current losses in Pakistan due to mastitis are not yet available, but in Punjab alone, the total losses caused by clinical mastitis amount to Rs. 240M per year [3,4]. These occur through discarded milk, reduction in milk yield, premature culling of animals and replacements. Dipping of teat and dry period therapy are not so far being carried out in Pakistan [5]. Mastitis occurs in two farms i.e. clinical and subclinical. Clinical mastitis is defined as udder inflammation characterized by visible abnormalities in the milk or udder or both. Severity of clinical cases can be described as mild, moderate, or severe. The incidence of clinical mastitis in buffalo ranges from 8 to 40% [6]. Subclinical mastitis show no macroscopic evidence of inflammation, but examination of the milk reveals udder infection, increased cell count and also alteration in the chemical properties of the milk. The quarter wise prevalence of intramammary infection in buffalo was 66%. Since the mammary gland is highly susceptible to infection during the periparturent period, the incidence was highest during the 30 days after calving [7]. Mastitis can be prevented when an effective control program is adopted. Dry period therapy is an essential part of this control program. To be fully effective dry period therapy should be used in conjunction with recommended practices for environmental control, equipment management and milking management [8, 9].
Appropriate Use of Special Stains for Identifying Helicobacter pylori: Recommendations From the Rodger C. Haggitt Gastrointestinal Pathology Society

Helicobacter pylori is a major cause of gastroduodenal injury, gastric cancer, and lymphoma, and, thus, there is great interest in its detection and eradication. Several detection methods are available, including histochemical and immunohistochemical stains. Application of these stains in clinical practice is heterogenous, to say the least. Although they were developed to enhance H. pylori detection, changing practice models, financial considerations, and a perceived need for rapid case turnaround have led to their widespread use in routine staining studies ordered reflexively on all gastric biopsies. Emerging data suggest that most of these stains are not needed to establish a diagnosis of H. pylori infection, and their added value when biopsies show minimal, or no, inflammation is not clear. In this manuscript, the Rodger C. Haggitt Gastrointestinal Pathology Society puts forth recommendations regarding ancillary stain usage for H. pylori detection based upon critical literature review and collective experience. Pathologists rarely, if ever, detect H. pylori in “normal” biopsies, but readily observe them in optimally stained hematoxylin and eosin sections from infected patients. Therefore, we suggest that use of ancillary stains is appropriate when biopsies show chronic, or chronic active, gastritis without detectable H. pylori in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections, but performing them “up front” on all gastric biopsies is generally unnecessary. Application of these stains to nongastric biopsies and polyps is appropriate in an extremely limited set of circumstances. It is our hope that recommendations provided herein will provide helpful information to gastroenterologists, pathologists, and others involved in the evaluation of patients for possible H. pylori infection.
Seasonal variation in growth of Berkshire pigs in alternative production systems

Objective The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of farrowing month (FM), parity and sex on the growth performance of Berkshire swine raised in alternative production systems. Methods A total of 40 farrowing records from 27 sows and 1,258 body weight (BW) records from 274 piglets collected over a two-year period were used for the analysis. The BWs were recorded at birth, weaning (28 d), 56, 84, 112, and 140 days. Any BW not recorded on schedule was recalculated to conform the days of age among corresponding BW records, using growth curves drawn with polynomial functions whose power was determined by the number of existing observations for each individual. Results The mean parity (±standard deviation) of the sows was 3.42±2.14. The sows that farrowed in June had the lowest number of total born with an average of 6.25±2.22 piglets per sow. However, the lowest average number of piglets weaned at day 28 was found in sows that farrowed in May, as well as the highest number recorded for the stillborn piglets with an average of 2.67 piglets per sow. Moreover, the smallest increase in weight from birth to weaning occurred in piglets that were farrowed in May, which also corresponds with the average daily gain (ADG) of 0.29 kg and the last recorded weight measurement on day 140 of 41.69±1.45 kg. Contrastingly, the highest growth rate was found among pigs farrowed in June, with the largest increase in weight of 7.55 kg from birth to weaning, the highest ADG of 0.51 kg from birth to 140 day of age and the highest BW of 74.70±1.86 kg recorded on day 140. Conclusion Pigs farrowed in June also had the least number of piglets that died between birth and weaning. The zone of thermal comfort found in sows reared in indoor confinement systems did not improve the reproductive performance of the sows reared in an outdoor, alternative production system, while the growth performance of the piglets was improved when the ambient temperature was consistently hot or consistently cold.
Pareto Boundary for Massive-MIMO-Relay-Assisted Interference Networks : Half-duplex vs . Full-duplex Processing

Due to the absence or insufficient strength of the direct links between communication pairs, relay-assisted communication is inevitable in communication networks. One important class of such networks is the interference relay channel, whose Pareto boundary of the achievable rate region is investigated in this paper. The relay is equipped with multiple antennas for transmission and reception while the source and destination nodes have a single antenna each. Due to relatively high strength of the relay links compared to the direct links, the destinations decode the relay signals while the other receiving signals from the sources through direct links are treated as noise (TIN). We consider both zero-forcing (ZF) and maximum ratio transmission/combining (MRT/MRC) at the relay input and output, while the relay can either operate in half-duplex or full-duplex mode. The power is optimized in order to characterize the Pareto boundary considering these two types of beamforming strategies. We formulate the weighed max-min optimization problem which delivers the Pareto boundary. This problem turns out to be a geometric program (GP) which can be converted to a convex optimization problem and solved efficiently. We observe that, by increasing the number of transmit and receive antennas at the relay significantly, full-duplex outperforms half-duplex even at strong self-interference channels.
Fractional Lion Algorithm-An Optimization Algorithm for Data Clustering

Clustering divides the data available as bulk into meaningful, useful groups (Clusters) without any prior knowledge about the data. Cluster analysis provides an abstraction from individual data objects to the clusters in which those objects reside. It is a key technique in the data mining and has become an important issue in many fields. This paper presents a novel Fractional Lion Algorithm (FLA) as an optimization methodology for the clustering problems. The proposed algorithm utilizes the lion's unique characteristics such as pride, laggardness exploitation, territorial defence and territorial take over. The Lion algorithm is modified with the fractional theory to search the cluster centroids. The proposed fractional lion algorithm estimates the centroids with the systematic initialization itself. Proposed methodology is a robust one, since the parameters utilized are insensitive and not problem dependent. The performance of the proposed rapid centroid estimation is evaluated using the cluster accuracy, jaccard coefficient and rand coefficient. The quality of this approach is evaluated on the benchmarked iris and wine data sets. On comparing with the particle swarm clustering algorithm, experimental results shows that the clustering accuracy of about 75% is achieved by the proposed algorithm.
Basement Membrane Proteins Produced by Schwann Cells and in Neurofibromatosis a

Mouse Schwann cells and rat RN22 schwannoma cells cultured in the absence of neurons and fibroblasts produce typical basement membrane proteins. Heparan sulfate proteoglycan (low density form), nidogen, and protein BM-40 were identified by radioimmunoassays, immunoblotting, and by immunoprecipitation after metabolic labeling. The cells also produce a laminin-like protein that differs from authentic laminin by a reduced A chain content and lack of antigenic determinants located in the long arm of laminin. Laminin possessing A and B chains is, however, produced by PYS-2 teratocarcinoma cells grown under the same conditions. Laminin from Schwann cell culture medium promotes neurite outgrowth, and this activity could be immunoprecipitated but not blocked by various antibodies against authentic laminin. In addition, Schwann cell laminin is found complexed noncovalently with nidogen. Sulfate incorporation revealed the synthesis of proteoglycans and entactin. A similar set of proteins and in addition collagen IV could be demonstrated in neurofibroma tissue by immunohistology, and were localized to the laminae densae of the multilayered basement membranes around Schwann cells and capillaries. Laminin purified from 0.5 M NaCl neurofibroma tissue extracts possessed both A and B chains. Nidogen was identified in a partially degraded form.
Yhh1p/Cft1p directly links poly(A) site recognition and RNA polymerase II transcription termination

RNA polymerase II (pol II) transcription termination requires co‐transcriptional recognition of a functional polyadenylation signal, but the molecular mechanisms that transduce this signal to pol II remain unclear. We show that Yhh1p/Cft1p, the yeast homologue of the mammalian AAUAAA interacting protein CPSF 160, is an RNA‐binding protein and provide evidence that it participates in poly(A) site recognition. Interestingly, RNA binding is mediated by a central domain composed of predicted β‐propeller‐forming repeats, which occurs in proteins of diverse cellular functions. We also found that Yhh1p/Cft1p bound specifically to the phosphorylated C‐terminal domain (CTD) of pol II in vitro and in a two‐hybrid test in vivo. Furthermore, transcriptional run‐on analysis demonstrated that yhh1 mutants were defective in transcription termination, suggesting that Yhh1p/Cft1p functions in the coupling of transcription and 3′‐end formation. We propose that direct interactions of Yhh1p/Cft1p with both the RNA transcript and the CTD are required to communicate poly(A) site recognition to elongating pol II to initiate transcription termination.
Evaluation of Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR Assays for Detection of Pandemic Influenza A/H1N1 2009 Virus

We were somewhat puzzled by some of the data presented in the paper by Yang et al. ([5][1]) on the evaluation of 12 published real-time reverse transcriptase PCR primer-probe sets for the detection of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 virus. The study used virus strains and clinical samples with
Utilisation des sous-produits du café

Rapide tour d'horizon sur les utilisations possibles des sous-produits du cafe. Un tres large eventail d'applications nous sont offertes mais ne seront economiquement rentables que si ces sous-produits sont obtenus a peu de frais, ou sans frais, et sont exploites sur le lieu meme de leur production
Metabolism and techniques for assay of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole.

mation products recognized until now are shown in figure 1. The first formula in the upper row describes the unaltered mother substance by the numbering of the different positions and the chemical name. The other formulas of the upper row represent three metabolites that are excreted exclusively without conjugation: metabolite II (formed by hydroxylation of TMP in the methylene bridge), metabolite III (the N'-oxide), and metabolite VI (the a-carbonyl derivative of TMP). The lower row shows (on the left) two transformation products, in which one of the three methoxy groups of the mother compound is demethylated, namely, that of position 3' in metabolite IV and that of position 4' of the benzyl ring in metabolite I. Both derivatives are excreted in
Spectrofluorimetry with attomole sensitivity in photonic crystal fibres

We report the use of photonic crystal fibres (PCF) as spectrofluorimetric systems in which sample solutions are excited within the microstructure of the fibre. The use of intra-fibre excitation has several advantages that combine to enable highly sensitive measurements of fluorescence spectra and lifetimes: long path-lengths are achieved by the efficient guidance of the fundamental mode; sample volumes contained within the micron-scale structure are very small, only a few nanolitres per cm of path; collection and guidance of the emitted fluorescence is efficient and the fluorescence lifetime is unperturbed. Fluorophores in bulk solution can be studied in hollow core PCF, whereas the use of PCF with a suspended, solid core enables selective excitation of molecules in close proximity to the silica surface, through interaction with the evanescent field. We demonstrate the measurement of fluorescence spectra and fluorescence lifetimes in each of these excitation regimes and report the detection of attomole quantities of fluorescein.
Impact of Aphids on Cereals and Phloem Based Defense Mechanism

A biological interaction is existed between host plant and phloem feeder. In this interaction, plant based defense responses are activated. These plant defense responses function in a variety of ways for hindering the invaders. In insect-plant interaction, recent researches focus on the interaction of aphids with their host plants and make them a model phloem feeder. Hence this review article is based on the consequences of aphid’s interaction to their host plants as well as phloem based defense mechanism that is activated in response of this interaction.
A Pooled Analysis Evaluating Renal Safety in Placebo- and Active Comparator-Controlled Phase III Trials of Multiple-Dose Injectable HPβCD-Diclofenac in Subjects with Acute Postoperative Pain.

OBJECTIVE : While injectable nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a key component of postoperative multimodal analgesia, renal safety concerns may limit use in some patients. This study examined the renal safety of injectable HPβCD-diclofenac when given for ≤ 5 days following orthopedic or abdominal/pelvic surgery. METHODS : Pooled analysis of data from two randomized, placebo- and active comparator-controlled phase III trials in 608 total patients was conducted. Renal safety was assessed by examining treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) and postoperative blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine shifts. RESULTS : There were three renal AEs each in the HPβCD-diclofenac (n = 318 patients) and placebo (n = 148 patients) groups, and two renal AEs in the ketorolac group (n = 142 patients). No significant difference in renal AE risk was detected for patients receiving HPβCD-diclofenac (RR: 1.40 [0.15,13.3]; P = 0.75) or ketorolac (RR: 2.08 [0.19,22.7]; P = 0.56) versus placebo. All renal AEs were mild or moderate in severity, and a single renal AE (acute renal failure in a patient receiving HPβCD-diclofenac) was treatment-related. One incidence of postoperative shift to high (> upper limit of normal) serum creatinine occurred in the HPβCD-diclofenac group (n = 2 in the ketorolac group). Mean changes in serum creatinine or BUN did not differ significantly between patients receiving HPβCD-diclofenac and placebo. CONCLUSIONS : While this analysis examined relatively brief exposure typical for parenterally administered analgesics in the postoperative setting in patients with largely normal renal function, the results suggest that HPβCD-diclofenac use for acute postoperative pain may not be associated with added renal safety risks over placebo in this patient population.
Dynamiques des salaires et de l'emploi en période de récession:le cas suisse

L'etude de l'evolution de la distribution des salaires sous forme d'analyse de coupes transversales peut manquer de documenter des faits lies a la mobilite salariale de certains groupes de travailleurs. Ce travail, base sur une etude en panel, vise a relativiser la stabilite de la distribution des revenus professionnels pendant la recession des annees 90. En particulier, nous observons que pour les bas salaires les perspectives de mobilite vers le haut se degradent durant la recession. Par ailleurs, la frontiere separant l'emploi a faible salaire, le travail a temps partiel et le chomage serait tres permeable.
Reduction of On-Load Torque Ripples in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines by Improved Skewing

Skewing is one of the most widely used methods to reduce the torque ripples. However, it was reported that the on-load torque ripple was not always reduced by the conventional skewing, in which the skewing angle is one period of torque ripple. This paper proposes the way of improving the skewing to reduce the torque ripple when the conventional skewing fails. It is found that by optimizing the skewing angle and current phase advance angle together, the improved skewing is able to meet the stringent torque ripple requirement over the whole load range.