Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
History-based Approach for Detecting Modularity Defects in Aspect Oriented Software

The evolution of Aspect oriented (AO) software would degrade and modify its structure and its modularity. In this scenario, one of the main problems is to evaluate the modularity of the system, is the evolved AO software still has a good modularity or not? Unfortunately, this research area is not explored yet. This paper presents a history-based approach that detects modularity defects in evolved AO software. It is a two-step automated approach: 1) in the first step, it applies data mining over an AO software repository in order to detect logical couplings among its entities. It analyses fine-grained logical couplings between AO software entities as indicated by common changes. 2) These last are then analysed to detect modularity defects in the AO software system. The approach focuses on the evaluation of an AO system's modularity and points out potential enhancements to get a more stable one. We provide a prototype implementation to evaluate our approach in a case study, where modularity defects are detected in 22 releases of three well-known AspectJ systems: Contract4J, Health-Watcher and Mobile-Media. The results show that the approach is able to detect logical couplings among aspect entities, as well as modularity defects that are not easily (or not) detectable using static source code analysis.
Integrating Exposure Knowledge and Serum Suspect Screening as a New Approach to Biomonitoring: An Application in Firefighters and Office Workers

Background Women firefighters are exposed to recognized and probable carcinogens, yet there are few studies of chemical exposures and associated health concerns, such as breast cancer. Biomonitoring often requires a priori selection of compounds to be measured, and so may not detect important, lesser known, exposures. Objectives The Women Firefighters Biomonitoring Collaborative (WFBC) created a biological sample archive and conducted a general suspect screen (GSS) to address this data gap. Methods Using liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF/MS) we sought to identify candidate chemicals of interest in serum samples from 83 women firefighters (FF) and 79 office workers (OW) in San Francisco. Through the GSS approach we identified chemical peaks by matching accurate mass from serum samples against a custom chemical database of 740 slightly polar phenolic and acidic compounds, including many of relevance to firefighting or breast cancer etiology. We then selected chemicals for confirmation based on a priori criteria: 1) detection frequency or peak area differences between OW and FF; 2) evidence of mammary carcinogenicity, estrogenicity, or genotoxicity; and 3) not currently measured in large biomonitoring studies. Results We detected 620 chemicals that matched 300 molecular formulas in the WFBC database, including phthalate metabolites, phosphate flame retardant metabolites, phenols, pesticides, nitro-and nitroso-compounds, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. The average number of chemicals from the database that were detected in participants was 72 and 70 in FF and OW, respectively. We confirmed 8 of the 20 prioritized suspect chemicals –including two alkylphenols, ethyl paraben, BPF, PFOSAA, benzophenone-3, benzyl p-hydroxybenzoate, and triphenyl phosphate--by running a matrix spike of the reference standards and using m/z, retention time and the confirmation of at least two fragment ions as criteria for matching. Conclusion GSS provides a powerful high-throughput approach to identify and prioritize novel chemicals for biomonitoring and health studies.
Myosin light chain 2 into the mainstream of cardiac development and contractility.

See related article, pages 323–331 Myocardium exhibits a remarkably broad dynamic range of function that is normally well matched to the circulatory load on the heart. Regulation of cardiac contraction is a multifaceted process that is well understood in terms of the activating role of Ca2+ but much less well in terms of modulation by thick filament accessory proteins and by post-translational modification of thick and thin filament proteins.1,2 In this issue of Circulation Research , an elegant study by Fishman and colleagues3 dramatically reinforces the idea that the light chain 2 subunit of myosin (MLC-2) is critically important in myocardium by showing that MLC-2 loss because of mutation abolishes myofibrillar assembly in zebrafish, resulting in embryonic lethality. Earlier work had shown that mutations in MLC-2 account for some cases of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy4 and that phosphorylation of MLC-2 contributes to cardiac pump function,5 but now it is evident that MLC-2 has an obligatory role in development. Cardiac isoforms of myosin II comprise the motor of myocardial contraction and like all members of this family are composed of 6 subunits6: 2 myosin heavy chains of &200 kDa molecular weight, 2 so-called essential light chains (or light chain 1) of &17 kDa, and 2 regulatory light chains (or light chain 2) of >20 kDa. Subfragment 1 of the heavy chain (Figure) comprises the business end of the motor, containing both the nucleotide and actin-binding sites, whereas the light chains wrap around the rod-like extension of subfragment 1 and are believed to function (minimally) as mechanical stabilizers of this part of myosin during force generation and mechanical work performance. This motor is impressive for its efficiency and its …
Health-care Provider Screening and Advice for Smoking Cessation Among Smokers With and Without COPD: 2009-2010 National Adult Tobacco Survey.

BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is the predominant cause of COPD. Quitting can prevent development of and complications from COPD. The gold standard in clinician delivery of smoking cessation treatments is the 5As (ask, advise, assess, assist, arrange). This study assessed prevalence and correlates of self-reported receipt of the 5A strategies among adult smokers with and without COPD. METHODS Data were analyzed from 20,021 adult past-year cigarette smokers in the 2009-2010 National Adult Tobacco Survey, a nationally representative telephone survey of US adults 18 years of age and older. Past-year receipt of the 5As was self-reported by participants who saw a clinician in the past year. Logistic regression was used to estimate the likelihood of receipt of each of the 5As by COPD status, adjusted for sociodemographic and smoking characteristics. RESULTS Among smokers, those with COPD were more likely than those without COPD to report being asked about tobacco use (95.4% vs 85.8%), advised to quit (87.5% vs 59.4%), assessed for readiness to quit (63.8% vs 37.9%), offered any assistance to quit (58.6% vs 34.0%), and offered follow-up (14.9% vs 5.2%). In adjusted logistic regression models, those with COPD were significantly more likely than those without COPD to receive each of the 5As. CONCLUSIONS Health professionals should continue to prioritize tobacco cessation counseling and treatment to smokers with COPD. Increased system-level changes and insurance coverage for cessation treatments could be used to improve the delivery of brief tobacco cessation counseling to all smokers, regardless of COPD status.
Formation of intracellular fat droplets: interrelation of newly synthesized phosphatidylcholine and triglyceride in milk.

The lipogenic system of fresh goat milk was used to investigate the relationship of lipid synthesis to formation of fat droplets. The skim milk phase was incubated with [1-carbon-14] palmitate and incorporation of activity into the glycerolipids was assayed. In two representative experiments, 44 and 56% of the label was incorporated into the lipids. Most of this activity (78 to 84%) was in triglycerides. Of 12 and 10% activity in the phospholipids, about 60% was contained in phosphatidylcholine with substantially smaller amounts in the other phospholipids. The synthesis of triglyceride and phosphatidylcholine was further investigated in relation to distribution of labeled lipids in a cream layer and a sedimenting fluff (membrane) fraction derived by centrifuging the skim milks following incubation. The correlation coefficient for the amounts of activity in phosphatidylcholine and triglyceride in the cream layer was . 97. The data are consistent with synthesis of phosphatidylcholine and triglyceride to meet the requirements of surface and volume expansion, respectively, in formation of fat droplets. Our findings suggest the interesting working hypothesis that phosphatidylcholine synthesis regulates development of fat droplets.
Interference Localization for Satellite Navigation Systems

Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) and, in particular, the global positioning system (GPS) have become ubiquitous in safety critical infrastructure. Vulnerability of GNSS to radio frequency interference (RFI) from either intentional (jamming) or unintentional sources is an ever growing concern. Hence, GNSS itself has become critical infrastructure which must be protected and its vulnerability to interference alleviated. As the RFI source is unknown a priori, passive localization systems are required; this adds an order of difficulty when compared with transmitter location systems with known and cooperative sources. The need for rapidly localizing the RFI leads to sensor network techniques which consist of spatially distributed sensor nodes (SNs). The localization systems typically use the received signal strength (RSS), source angle of arrival (AOA)/ direction of arrival (DOA), time difference of arrival (TDOA) or a combination of AOA(DOA)/TDOA or frequency difference of arrival (FDOA) measurements to estimate the RFI position. This paper provides an overview of existing systems from the literature and a comparison of these different interference geo-localization techniques.
MILI, a PIWI-interacting RNA-binding Protein, Is Required for Germ Line Stem Cell Self-renewal and Appears to Positively Regulate Translation*

The Argonaute/PIWI protein family consists of Argonaute and PIWI subfamilies. Argonautes function in RNA interference and micro-RNA pathways; whereas PIWIs bind to PIWI-interacting RNAs and regulate germ line development, stem cell maintenance, epigenetic regulation, and transposition. However, the role of PIWIs in mammalian stem cells has not been demonstrated, and molecular mechanisms mediated by PIWIs remain elusive. Here we show that MILI, a murine PIWI protein, is expressed in the cytoplasm of testicular germ line stem cells, spermatogonia, and early spermatocytes, where it is enriched in chromatoid bodies. MILI is essential for the self-renewing division and differentiation of germ line stem cells but does not affect initial establishment of the germ line stem cell population at 7 days postpartum. Furthermore, MILI forms a stable RNA-independent complex with eIF3a and associates with the eIF4E- and eIF4G-containing m7G cap-binding complex. In isolated 7 days postpartum seminiferous tubules containing mostly germ line stem cells, the mili mutation has no effect on the cellular mRNA level yet significantly reduces the rate of protein synthesis. These observations indicate that MILI may positively regulate translation and that such regulation is required for germ line stem cell self-renewal.
Acoustic emission from partial discharges in solid dielectrics

Properties of acoustic signals emitted from PD sources in solid dielectrics are less well known in comparison with those in liquids. We have investigated three materials used typically as insulation in high voltage cables and their accessories, namely, polyethylene (PE), silicon rubber (SiR) and ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM). Several simple geometries of defects were considered, such as spherical voids, cylindrical cavities and fissures. COMSOL Multiphysics software was used to conduct computer modelling of acoustic emission caused by PDs in such defects. A relationship between defect dimensions and frequency of the acoustic signal emitted was established. In spherical voids and cylindrical cavities f ~ 1/d, where d is the void size. In fissures, f ~ 1/(t0.37w0.5), where t is the fissure thickness and w is the fissure width.
Discovery of cancer-related new drug target proteins from re-constructed human disease network based on protein-protein interaction netowk

Experimental methods such as high-throughput screening have widely used for discovery of the new drug targets. We employed an idea that disease-related proteins tend to be work as an important factor for architecture of the disease network in this study. To determine new drug target proteins, we proposed a new methodology that analyzes the human disease network by using informational technology. We re-constructed cancer-related human disease network based on the protein-protein interaction network. We derived 105 cancer related new drug-target proteins from the disease network. To evaluate our method, first of all, we extracted the cancer-related target genes that independently obtained from the human gene network introduced by Barabasi et al [1]. The cancer-related target genes and proteins compared with cancer-related target gene dataset obtained from DrugBank. Our results from disease-related network have 81% identity with the cancer-related target genes (164) from the DrugBank. In contrast, the target genes from the human gene network have only 71% identity. These results suggest that our new methodology will contribute for discovering drug target proteins.
Frequency divider design using the Λ-type negative-differential-resistance circuit

The behavior of a frequency divider circuit using a Λ-type negative differential resistance (NDR) circuit, which is composed of Si-based metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistor (MOS) and SiGe-based heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) devices, is studied. This frequency divider is mainly made of a MOS-HBT-NDR circuit, an inductor, and a capacitor. The operation is based on the long-period behavior of the NDR-based chaos circuit. We demonstrate the high-frequency consideration and characteristic of this frequency divider. The results show that the dividing ratio can be selected by modulating the input signal frequency.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL LOCALIZATION OF A CHARACTERISTIC ACID PHOSPHATASE IN GRANULES OF RABBIT BASOPHILS

Bone marrow basophils incubated in Gomori medium at pH 6.0-6.8 exhibited strong acid phosphatase activity suggestive of a potential role in endocytosis in one-third of the cytoplasmic granules and also in Golgi elements. Buffy coat basophils contained about one-third as many reactive granules. Reaction product was confined to the threadlike component of the larger granules predominant in early basophils and was absent from the denser-type granules predominant in late basophils. In centrioles of basophils acid phosphatase appeared localized between triplet fibers. Reactivity with the Gomori medium was diminished at pH 5.0, absent at pH 8.0 and only slightly decreased with p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate. Basophils incubated in Barka-Anderson medium at pH 5.0-6.8 revealed light acid phosphatase activity in the Golgi lamellae but essentially none in cytoplasmic granules. Tris-maleate buffer of the Barka-Anderson medium replacing the sodium acetate of the Gomori medium inhibited the reactivity in the granules. Incubation in media containing NaF, or lacking substrate, eliminated the heavy precipitates in granules and Golgi elements but yielded light, nonenzymatic lead staining in Golgi and tubulovesicular structures and atypical granules present only in buffy coat basophils.
Nutrient regulation of human intestinal sugar transporter (SGLT1) expression.

BACKGROUND: The activity of most intestinal nutrient transporters is adaptively regulated by the type and amounts of nutrients entering the intestinal lumen. The concentration and activity of the intestinal Na+/glucose cotransporter (SGLT1) are regulated by dietary sugars in most animal species. The activity and abundance of SGLT1 in biopsy specimens removed from human jejunal regions exposed to, and having limited access to, luminal nutrients have been measured and compared. AIMS: To study the effects of luminal nutrients on the expression of SGLT1 in the human intestine. PATIENT AND METHODS: Brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) were prepared from biopsy specimens removed from the intestine of a 50 year old man who had developed a high output jejunal fistula, and adjacent mucosal fistula, a condition present for 12 months after surgery for a strangulated hernia. BBMV prepared from intestine exposed to luminal nutrients, and from dysfunctional intestine with a limited exposure to nutrients, were used to measure Na+ dependent glucose transport and abundance of SGLT1 protein. RESULTS: The levels of SGLT1 activity and abundance in the BBMV prepared from control biopsy specimens were similar to those found in BBMV prepared from the intestine of healthy individuals. BBMV from the dysfunctional intestine, exposed to limited levels of luminal nutrients, had reduced levels of SGLT1 activity. This reduction in SGLT1 activity and abundance was above that associated with any villus atrophy, as assessed by the abundance/activity of lactase and villin concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that the activity and expression of SGLT1 in human intestine is maintained by the presence of luminal nutrients.
El Enfoque metodológico CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) en la Enseñanza Primaria: Estudio Comparativo de su Implementación en un Centro Bilingüe y en un Centro con Sección Bilingüe

El origen de esta tesis esta en la profundizacion en el enfoque metodologico CLIL (Marsh, 1994, 2004; Coyle et al, 2010; Mehisto et al, 2011) en la Etapa de Educacion Primaria, donde se han llevado a cabo pocos estudios hasta la fecha actual y, los que existen, se centran exclusivamente en aspectos linguisticos o metodologicos relacionados con dicho enfoque (Perez Vidal, 2000; Ricci Garotti, 2006, 2007; Ruiz de Zarobe, 2007; San Isidro, 2010, 2011; Vallbona, 2011). En este caso, la tesis aborda cuestiones que tienen que ver con la adquisicion de contenidos no solo de tipo linguistico, sino tambien de los del area de Conocimiento del Medio (Science), puesto que esta asignatura es la que se trabaja de forma mas extendida en todo el territorio nacional. Ademas, este trabajo tambien pretende hacer una valoracion sobre la existencia de posibles interferencias entre la lengua materna de los alumnos y la lengua extranjera que estan adquiriendo en sus centros. Finalmente, tambien se quiso comprobar si los alumnos que estudian asignaturas no linguisticas a traves de una segunda lengua, presentan algun tipo de laguna en lo que a vocabulario y estructuras de su lengua materna se refiere. El trabajo comienza con una primera parte sobre definiciones de lo que se entiende por bilinguismo, para pasar a hablar sobre las diferentes teorias del aprendizaje de lenguas. A continuacion se tratan los distintos modelos de ensenanza bilingue, lo que lleva a tratar con profundidad el enfoque CLIL, para, finalmente, terminar con la investigacion realizada en las distintas aulas. La investigacion se llevo a cabo en dos tipos de centros: uno bilingue (con el 45% del horario y las asignaturas impartidas integramente en lengua inglesa) y otro con seccion bilingue (con dos asignaturas impartidas parcialmente en lengua inglesa). Se eligieron grupos de 4o de Primaria con el fin de poder analizar los aspectos orales y escritos de la lengua, y tambien porque los alumnos de estos cursos deben pasar las pruebas diagnosticas establecidas por la Administracion Educativa asturiana. Los resultados de dichas pruebas tambien servirian para aportar datos y para comprobar las hipotesis de trabajo antes de proceder a elaborar las conclusiones finales. Dado que para la realizacion de la investigacion no se contaba con las pruebas apropiadas con las que se pretendian obtener los datos relevantes para este estudio, la autora diseno los tres tipos de pruebas basadas en el area de Conocimiento del Medio (la de ingles escrito, la de castellano escrito y la de lectura y comprension oral tambien en ambas lenguas) que se pasaron a los cuatro grupos de alumnos y de las que se obtuvieron los datos pertinentes para reflejar las conclusiones finales.
Integrated Segmentation and Recognition Through Exhaustive Scans or Learned Saccadic Jumps

This paper advances two approaches to integrating handwritten character segmentation and recognition within one system, where the underlying function is learned by a backpropagation neural network. Integrated segmentation and recognition is necessary when characters overlap or touch, or when an individual character is broken up. The first approach exhaustively scans a field of characters, effectively creating a possible segmentation at each scan point. A neural net is trained to both identify when its input window is centered over a character, and if it is, to classify the character. This approach is similar to most recently advanced approaches to integrating segmentation and recognition, and has the common flaw of generating too many possible segmentations to be truly efficient. The second approach overcomes this weakness without reducing accuracy by training a neural network to mimic the ballistic and corrective saccades (eye movements) of human vision. A single neural net learns to jump from character to character, making corrective jumps when necessary, and to classify the centered character when properly fixated. The significant aspect of this system is that the neural net learns to both control what is in its input window as well as to recognize what is in the window. High accuracy results are reported for a standard database of handprinted digits for both approaches.
BRAIN DEATH LAWS AND PATTERNS OF CONSENT TO REMOVE ORGANS FOR TRANSPLANTATION FROM CADAVERS IN THE UNITED STATES AND 28 OTHER COUNTRIES

Patterns of practice were analyzed for the United States and 28 other countries with respect to consent to remove cadaveric organs for transplantation and the legal status of brain death as a basis for declaring death. The Uniform Anatomical Gift Act, adopted throughout the United States, allows either the donor or the family to give consent to remove cadaveric organs. In no state is consent presumed. The legal status of brain death as a basis for declaring death is established by statute in 25 states and by court decision in 7 more. Model brain death laws have been proposed recently by the American Medical Association and by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws. Both models are brief. They recognize the equivalence of brain death and death of a person without prescribing the medical criteria and tests used to establish the diagnosis of brain death. Seventeen of the 28 countries surveyed provide for donor cards similar to those used in the United States. In 15 countries consent to remove organs must be obtained from the donor or a family member. In thirteen, consent is presumed by law, but in 6 of the 13, the family is notified before proceeding with organ salvage. Brain death is recognized by statute or administrative law in 13 of 28 countries. In several of them, medical details and procedures for diagnosing brain death are incorporated into the laws and regulations. The number of cadaver organs salvaged fails to meet the needs of potential recipients in any of the countries. Possible modifications of attitudes, laws, and practice with respect to transplantation of cadaver organs are discussed.
Mecanismos genéticos implicados en la diferenciación de las poblaciones neuronales del mesencéfalo y cerebelo

En el presente trabajo intentamos indagar en los procesos de diferenciacion que ocurren en la placa basal del mesencefalo y el cerebelo para asi entender mejor la cascada genetica que interviene en dicho proceso. Mediante el estudio de patrones de expresion y el uso de cepas transgenicas, pretendemos integrar a nuevos genes candidatos en la via de senalizacion de uno de los morfogenes mas importantes que actuan en estas regiones, Shh, y de otros factores de transcripcion que influyen en la diferenciacion de algunas de sus poblaciones como Pou4f1.