Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium caused by low levels of microsatellite genotyping errors

Microsatellite genotyping from samples with varying quality can result in an uneven distribution of errors. Previous studies reporting error rates have focused on estimating the effects of both randomly distributed and locus‐specific errors. Sample‐specific errors, however, can also significantly affect results in population studies despite a large sample size. From two studies including six microsatellite markers genotyped from 272 sperm whale DNA samples, and 33 microsatellites genotyped from 213 bowhead whales, we investigated the effects of sample‐ and locus‐specific errors on calculations of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. The results of a jackknife analysis in these two studies identified seven individuals that were highly influential on estimates of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium for six different markers. In each case, the influential individual was homozygous for a rare allele. Our results demonstrate that Hardy–Weinberg P values are very sensitive to homozygosity in rare alleles for single individuals, and that > 50% of these cases involved genotype errors likely due to low sample quality. This raises the possibility that even small, normal levels of laboratory errors can result in an overestimate of the degree to which markers are out of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and hence overestimate population structure. To avoid such bias, we recommend routine identification of influential individuals and multiple replications of those samples.
Smoking reduces insulin absorption from subcutaneous tissue.

The degree of glycaemic control in insulin-dependent diabetic patients is highly influenced by the rate of insulin absorption from subcutaneous tissue to blood. We have recently shown a correlation between subcutaneous blood flow and insulin absorption. ' Smoking increases the concentration of catecholamines in the blood.2 In normal subjects inhaling cigarettes produces a transient rise in blood pressure and pulse rate and a fall in skin temperature. The peripheral vasoconstriction lasts from several minutes to more than one hour, and habitual smokers do not show tolerance to smoking by a decrease in these effects.3 The duration of peripheral vasoconstriction caused by smoking might, therefore, have an effect on insulin absorption. We tested this hypothesis.
Fuzzy-Ontology-Enrichment-based Framework for Semantic Search

The dominance of information retrieval on the Web makes integrating and designing ontologies for the online Information Retrieval Systems (IRS) an attractive research area. In addition to domain ontology, some attempts have been recently made to integrate fuzzy set theory with ontology, to provide a solution to vague and uncertain information. This paper presents a framework for semantic search based on ontology enrichment and fuzziness (FuzzOntoEnrichIR). FuzzOntoEnrichIR main components are: (1) a fuzzy information retrieval component, (2) an incremental ontology enrichment component and (3) an ontology repository component. The framework aims on the one hand to capitalize and formulate extraction-ontology rules based on a meta-ontology. On the other hand, it aims to integrate the domain ontology enrichment and the fuzzy ontology building in the IR process. The framework has been implemented and experimented to demonstrate the effectiveness and validity of the proposal.
Effect of a new international reference preparation for proteins in human serum (certified reference material 470) on results of the College of American Pathologists Surveys for plasma proteins.

OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of a new international reference preparation for serum proteins on the among-manufacturer variance in the College of American Pathologists Surveys. DATA SOURCE The results of the Surveys for the years 1993-1998, supplied by the College of American Pathologists. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Mean values for manufacturers' assays were compared for each protein in the quality control samples. Results were separated by the reported reference material from which values for calibrators had been transferred. Standard statistical parameters (means, standard deviations, and coefficients of variation) were calculated from the reported means. CONCLUSIONS Among-manufacturer coefficients of variation have dropped significantly for most serum proteins since the introduction of the new reference material. Possible reasons for continued differences are discussed.
Distributed Wikis and Social Networks: A Good Fit

Social networks can play an important role in the process of decentralizing authority in distributed systems. We will focus on distributed wiki systems, and we show how, in the special case of a peer-to-peer wiki, there is a rational incentive for users to self-organize and form a meaningful social network. We discuss to that effect the basic metrics that can be derived from the topology of the social network to help assess the subjective quality of wiki entries. Demos and experimental results will illustrate and support our discussion. We finally speculate as to how these results may also translate to discussion forums or recommender systems.
Influencia pronóstica de la determinación precoz del aclaramiento del verde de indocianina en la evolución después del trasplante hepático

El trasplante hepatico (TH) es la mejor opcion terapeutica para pacientes con enfermedad hepatica terminal. La evolucion precoz tras el trasplante es una cuestion fundamental que depende de las caracteristicas del donante, del receptor, del procedimiento quirurgico y de la asistencia intra y postoperatoria. Sin embargo, en la actualidad no existen herramientas validadas capaces de predecir de forma precoz la mortalidad a corto plazo o la necesidad de retrasplante urgente en los receptores de un TH. La posibilidad de identificar de forma precoz aquellos pacientes en mayor riesgo de muerte y retrasplante tempranos seria ideal para su correcto manejo en el postoperatorio inmediato. El aclaramiento del verde de indocianina, un colorante hidrosoluble y no toxico, se utiliza para medir la funcion y el flujo sanguineo hepatico. Se puede medir la tasa de desaparicion plasmatica del verde de indocianina (PDR) de forma no invasiva y a pie de cama por espectrofotometria transcutanea pulsatil, demostrando una adecuada correlacion con la medida invasiva.
Impact of prevailing thiamin levels on thiamin pyrophosphate uptake in pancreatic acinar cells: do the shuttle!

thiamin is a water-soluble B1 vitamin that regulates critical cellular processes, such as oxidative energy metabolism, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, and mitochondrial function; thus, it is referred to as the energy vitamin ([3][1], [5][2]). Based on these known roles of thiamin,
A Decentralized Power Allocation Scheme for Amplify-And-Forward Multi-Hop Relaying Systems

A decentralized power allocation scheme for amplify-and-forward (AF) multi-hop relaying systems is proposed. The scheme maximizes a harmonic mean-based approximate expression for the instantaneous received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The outage probability in Rayleigh fading of the proposed power-optimized system is evaluated. Numerical results show the superior performance of AF multi-hop relaying systems employing the proposed power allocation scheme over those with uniform power allocation. The asymptotic outage behavior for sufficiently large values of SNR is also studied and it is demonstrated that AF multi-hop relaying systems employing the proposed power allocation scheme achieve diversity order 2.
In Situ Effects of Low pH and Elevated HCO3− on Juvenile Massive Porites spp. in Moorea, French Polynesia

Juvenile colonies of massive Porites spp. were exposed to manipulated pH and bicarbonate ([HCO3−]) in situ to test the hypothesis that ocean acidification (OA) does not affect respiration and calcification. Incubations lasted 28 h and exposed corals to ambient temperature and light with ecologically relevant water motion. Three treatments were applied: (1) ambient conditions of pH 8.04 and 1751 μmol HCO3− kg−1 (Treatment 1), (2) pCO2-induced ocean acidification of pH 7.73 and 2011 μmol HCO3− kg−1 (Treatment 2), and (3) pCO2 and HCO3−-enriched seawater of pH 7.69 and 2730 μmol HCO3− kg−1 (Treatment 3). The third treatment providing elevated [HCO3−] was used to test for stimulatory effects of dissolved inorganic carbon on calcification under low pH and low saturation of aragonite (Ωarag), but it does not reflect conditions expected to occur under CO2-driven OA. Calcification of juvenile massive Porites spp. was affected by treatments, with an 81% elevation in Treatment 3 versus Treatment 1, but no difference between Treatments 1 and 2; respiration and the metabolic expenditure concurrent with calcification remained unaffected. These findings indicate that juvenile massive Porites spp. are resistant to short exposures to OA in situ, and separately, that they can increase calcification at low pH and low Ωarag if [HCO3−] is elevated. Juvenile Porites spp. may therefore be limited by dissolved inorganic carbon under ambient pCO2 conditions.
The Latin squares and the secret sharing schemes

Abstract The Latin square is a good candidate in a secret sharing scheme to represent a secret, because of the huge number of the Latin squares for a reasonably large order. This makes outsiders difficult to discover the secret due to tremendous possibilities. We can improve the efficiency by distributing the shares of the critical set, instead of the full Latin square, to the participants. By different critical sets of the same Latin square, different secret sharing schemes can be implemented. However, finding a critical set of a large order Latin square is very difficult. This makes the implementation of Latin square based secret sharing scheme hard. We explore these limitations, then we propose to apply herding hash technique to overcome them.
ON THE STABLE NUMERICAL APPROXIMATION OF TWO-PHASE FLOW WITH INSOLUBLE SURFACTANT

We present a parametric finite element approximation of two-phase flow with insoluble surfactant. This free boundary problem is given by the Navier-Stokes equations for the two-phase flow in the bulk, which are coupled to the transport equation for the insoluble surfactant on the interface that separates the two phases. We combine the evolving surface finite element method with an approach previously introduced by the authors for two-phase Navier-Stokes flow, which maintains good mesh properties. The derived finite element approximation of two-phase flow with insoluble surfactant can be shown to be stable. Several numerical simulations demonstrate the practicality of our numerical method.
Small RNA as global regulator of carbon catabolite repression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

In the metabolically versatile bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the RNA-binding protein Crc is involved in catabolite repression of a range of degradative genes, such as amiE (encoding aliphatic amidase). We found that a CA-rich sequence (termed CA motif) in the amiE translation initiation region was important for Crc binding. The small RNA CrcZ (407 nt) containing 5 CA motifs was able to bind the Crc protein with high affinity and to remove it from amiE mRNA in vitro. Overexpression of crcZ relieved catabolite repression in vivo, whereas a crcZ mutation pleiotropically prevented the utilization of several carbon sources. The sigma factor RpoN and the CbrA/CbrB two-component system, which is known to maintain a healthy carbon–nitrogen balance, were necessary for crcZ expression. During growth on succinate, a preferred carbon source, CrcZ expression was low, resulting in catabolite repression of amiE and other genes under Crc control. By contrast, during growth on mannitol, a poor carbon source, elevated CrcZ levels correlated with relief of catabolite repression. During growth on glucose, an intermediate carbon source, CrcZ levels and amiE expression were intermediate between those observed in succinate and mannitol media. Thus, the CbrA–CbrB–CrcZ–Crc system allows the bacterium to adapt differentially to various carbon sources. This cascade also regulated the expression of the xylS (benR) gene, which encodes a transcriptional regulator involved in benzoate degradation, in an analogous way, confirming this cascade's global role.
60-Hertz Electric-Field Exposures in Transmission Line Towers

This article reports on an investigation of 60-Hz electric-field exposures of line workers in 230- to 765-kV transmission line towers. The exposures were based on computations of the unperturbed electric field along climbing routes and at work positions on the towers and on insulated ladders suspended in towers. Computed exposures were expressed in terms of the unperturbed electric field averaged over the body as stipulated by guidelines. For the realistic on-tower positions, the worker's posture, the uniformity of the field, and the field orientation differed from the guideline exposure scenario of standing erect in a vertical uniform field. These differences suggest the need for care in comparing electric-field exposures in towers with guideline limits. The unperturbed nonuniform fields at discrete points near steel and aluminum lattice structures were computed using Monte Carlo methods that model surface and spatial electric fields on and near standard geometrical elements. To estimate a whole-body average, fields were computed at 10 discrete points positioned on segments of an articulated stick-figure model of the human body. The whole-body average field was computed from fields at all the points weighted by the fraction of body volume that the corresponding segment represented. We estimated the average unperturbed electric field, the space potential at the torso, and the induced short-circuit current for 19 climbing and work positions in six towers. The maximum average electric-field exposure during climbing ranged from 10 kV/m for a 230-kV tower to 31 kV/m for a 765-kV tower. Exposures at on-tower work positions were lower than the estimated maximum exposures during climbing. For 500- and 765-kV towers, computed exposures while climbing and at some on-tower positions exceeded the limit of 20 kV/m given in the recently adopted IEEE Standard C95.6 2002. For lower voltage towers, exposures did not exceed 20 kV/m.
A BISR Architecture for Embedded Memories

In this paper a BISR architecture for embedded memories is presented. The proposed scheme utilises a multiple bank cache-like memory for repairs. Statistical analysis is used for minimisation of the total resources required to achieve a very high fault coverage. Simulation results show that the proposed BISR scheme is characterised by high efficiency and low area overhead, even for high defect densities. On a 4 Mbit memory and an average number of 1024 memory defects per IC, a repair ratio of 100% and over 90% require less than 2% and 1% memory overhead respectively.
PROCESSO SUCESSÓRIO EM UMA EMPRESA FAMILIAR

O processo sucessorio e algo que deve ser analisado e planejado de perto em uma empresa. Cerca de 80% das empresas privadas brasileiras sao de competencia familiar . Este processo e continuo e fundamental a existencia da organizacao. Ele e finalizado no momento em que o gestor (sucedido) da empresa passa totalmente o comando da organizacao ao sucessor. Portanto, o presente estudo objetivou analisar as competencias e dificuldades da transmissao de poder em uma empresa no âmbito comercial de varejo do Sul de Santa Catarina que nao havia ate o momento passado por este processo. Os procedimentos metodologicos adotados foram pesquisa exploratoria, descritiva e estudo de caso, com abordagem qualitativa. Atraves de uma entrevista direta realizada com o diretor verificou-se que a empresa esta no inicio do planejamento da sucessao para a segunda geracao. Entre as dificuldades encontradas que serao enfrentadas nesse processo destaca-se o acumulo de tarefas e sobrecargas ao gestor da empresa, dificultando a transferencia dos encargos para a proxima geracao, demonstrando a resistencia do sucedido em transferir o poder.
Development of Gastrointestinal Mucosal Barrier. II. The Effect of Natural Versus Artificial Feeding on Intestinal Permeability to Macromolecules

Summary: We have recently reported that the intestinal transport of intact macromolecules into the circulation decreases with age presumably due to maturation of mucosal barrier factors. To extend this observation and determine the effect of natural versus artificial feeding on maturation of intestinal mucosal “barrier function,” we conducted experiments which assessed both macromolecular transport and epithelial cell morphology.To study barrier function, we gavage fed a physiologic quantity (100 mg) of bovine serum albumin (BSA) to weight-matched breast- and bottle-fed infant rabbits at 1 and 2 wk of age and quantitated intestinal macromolecular transport by measuring circulating plasma concentrations of the intact antigen 4 hr later. A significant decrease (P < 0.02) in immunoreactive bovine serum albumin (1-BSA) concentration was noted in breast-fed (6.12 × 0.77 μg I-BSA per ml plasma) compared with bottle-fed (9.19 × 0.93 μg I-BSA per ml plasma) animals at one wk. However, at 2 wk, no difference could be demonstrated between the two groups. Furthermore, small intestinal morphology evaluated by light and electron microscopy was similar in both groups at each age.To determine if the lower plasma I-BSA noted at one wk in naturally fed animals was related to the presence of anti-BSA antibodies in breast milk and/or in plasma of the pups, breast milk and plasma from the breast-fed animals was evaluated by counter-immunoelectrophoresis and hemagglutination. No anti-BSA antibodies were detected. Moreover, plasma from breast- and artificially fed rabbits not gavage fed BSA contained no I-BSA.These data suggest that intestinal transport of antigens in the immediate neonatal period is decreased earlier in breast- as compared to bottle-fed animals. Therefore, we suggest that breast milk may exert a protective function to control the transport of potentially antigenic molecules into the systemic circulation of newborn animals by either facilitating the early maturation of intestinal barrier function or by providing passive barrier factors until the newborn's natural barrier can develop.Speculation: The intestinal transport of macromolecules. including potential antigens, decreases with maturation of the intestinal mucosal barrier. Natural feeding, when compared with artificial feeding, may accelerate growth and maturation of intestinal barrier function, thereby decreasing the intestinal transport of antigens. This decreased transport of antigens with breast feeding may offer protection to the allergy-prone or otherwise disease-prone infant. In addition, reduced antigenic exposure during infancy may decrease the likelihood of sensitization which could be harmful later should gastrointestinal defense mechanisms be compromised by intestinal disease.
The Rate of Missed Test Results in an Emergency Department

Summary Objectives: 1) To measure the incidence and impact of missed radiology and microbiology test results in an emergency department with an electronic test order and results viewing system, and 2) to assess the average times from test order to test availability. Methods: The study was conducted in the emergency department (ED) of a 370-bed metropolitan teaching hospital in Sydney, Australia. A computerised provider order entry (CPOE) system was used to order all diagnostic tests and view all test results. For microbiology and radiology tests electronic results were then printed for ED patients not admitted to the hospital to allow ED physicians to document follow-up. All radiology (n = 197) and microbiology (n = 66) tests ordered and results received for discharged ED patients were collected for a seven-day period. We measured the: 1) proportion of radiology and microbiology test results without follow-up for discharged patients; 2) impact of non follow-up on patient outcomes; 3) average time from radiological examination and microbiology specimen collection to reporting of results; and 4) average time from reporting of results to follow-up. Results: Two radiology (1.0%) and two microbiology reports (3.0%), all of which had negative findings, were never followed-up. Review of these patients’ medical records indicated there was no impact on patient outcomes or management. The average time from radiological examination to reporting of a result was 1.5 days, and from microbiology specimen collection to reporting was 2.5 days. Eighty-nine percent of radiology and 68% of microbiology results were followed-up on the same day that they were available to physicians. Conclusions: Our rates of missed test results are lower than those reported from studies where paper ordering and reporting systems were used. This suggests that the availability of CPOE systems may reduce the risk of these events. Electronic result delivery, with electronic endorsement to allow documentation of follow-up of test results, may provide additional efficiency benefits and further reduce the risk of test results which are not followed up.
The Physiology and Pathology of the Cerebellum

In 1673 DuVerny reported that he had been able to maintain pigeons in which both cerebellum and cerebrum had been extirpated. From such almost parenthetical beginnings this volume by Drs. Dow and Moruzzi traces, with scholarly thoroughness and clarity, the evolution of our present knowledge of the cerebellum. Because of the complexity of cerebellar function, a wide variety of investigative methods have been applied through the years to the study of this structure. The authors have utilized this fact to present an orderly summary of information which is copious and often controversial. The volume consists of two major sections: the first, comprising twothirds of the book, covers the physiology, the second, the pathology and clinical aspects of the cerebellum. The physiological portion of this work is presented in terms of the various experimental eras through which cerebellar investigations have passed. It begins, after a brief historical introduction, with the ablation experiments, then proceeds through the stimulation and electrophysiological experimental stages to the present. In three final chapters in the first portion of the book the relations between the cerebellum and other central structures, developmental physiology, and general functional considerations are discussed. The mass of research data presented is voluminous, and the difficulty of the task compounded by the many contradictory results, by the lack of comparative physiological study in this field, and, finally, by the still nondefinitive status of much of our current knowledge. Despite these obstacles, the authors have presented a finely formulated and coherent picture of their topic. Particularly valuable are the discussions of Luciani's atonia, fastigial function, and the influence of the cerebellum on gamma discharges. The second section of the book is also comprehensive and notable for the correlation of clinical with pathophysiological data. It is probable, however, that the greatest value of this volume will prove to be its exhaustive summary of physiological research. The entire volume is richly supplied with references. In keeping with the highly academic tenor of this study, the authors have included numerous quotes from a variety of investigators-and in a variety of languages. In some instances these occur at vital points of the text. A glossary of translations of these quotes might prove a worthwhile adjunct to future editions. This work presumes a thorough knowledge of cerebellar anatomy and is, in fact, a companion piece to Professor Olof Larsell's as yet unpublished text on this subject. This excellent volume by Drs. Dow and Moruzzi, representing the most inclusive work on cerebellar function to date, will be invaluable to both researchers and clinicians in the neurological field. One may well look forward to its forthcoming anatomical counterpart.