Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nighttime wind and scalar variability within and above an Amazonian canopy

Abstract. Nocturnal turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and fluxes of energy, CO2 and O3 between the Amazon forest and the atmosphere are evaluated for a 20-day campaign at the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) site. The distinction of these quantities between fully turbulent (weakly stable) and intermittent (very stable) nights is discussed. Spectral analysis indicates that low-frequency, nonturbulent fluctuations are responsible for a large portion of the variability observed on intermittent nights. In these conditions, the low-frequency exchange may dominate over the turbulent transfer. In particular, we show that within the canopy most of the exchange of CO2 and H2O happens on temporal scales longer than 100 s . At 80 m , on the other hand, the turbulent fluxes are almost absent in such very stable conditions, suggesting a boundary layer shallower than 80 m . The relationship between TKE and mean winds shows that the stable boundary layer switches from the very stable to the weakly stable regime during intermittent bursts of turbulence. In general, fluxes estimated with long temporal windows that account for low-frequency effects are more dependent on the stability over a deeper layer above the forest than they are on the stability between the top of the canopy and its interior, suggesting that low-frequency processes are controlled over a deeper layer above the forest.
FAST RADIO BURSTS AND THEIR GAMMA-RAY OR RADIO AFTERGLOWS AS KERR–NEWMAN BLACK HOLE BINARIES

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are radio transients lasting only about a few milliseconds. They seem to occur at cosmological distances. We propose that these events can originate in the collapse of the magnetospheres of Kerr–Newman black holes (KNBHs). We show that the closed orbits of charged particles in the magnetospheres of these objects are unstable. After examining the dependencies on the specific charge of the particle and the spin and charge of the KNBH, we conclude that the resulting timescale and radiation mechanism fit well with extant observations of FRBs. Furthermore, we argue that the merger of a KNBH binary is a plausible central engine for the potential gamma-ray or radio afterglow following certain FRBs and can also account for gravitational wave (GW) events like GW 150914. Our model leads to predictions that can be tested by combined multi-wavelength electromagnetic and GW observations.
Explaining Disparities between Actual and Hypothetical Stated Values: Further Investigation Using Meta-Analysis

Spurred by the need to account for non-market values in various policy applications, a lively and extended debate has surrounded the presence and magnitude of hypothetical bias in stated value studies (e.g., applications of the survey-based contingent valuation method). Using the rapidly accumulating set of comparison studies, List and Gallet (2001) conducted an initial meta-analysis of the experimental protocol that may be influencing the disparity between real and hypothetical values in stated value studies. We expand the original meta-analysis by using a significantly larger (29%) data set, including variables to account for referendum formats, certainty corrections, and cheap talk scripts.
THE EUROPEAN CONTROLLING SYSTEM TO REDUCE OIL DISCHARGES IN THE SEA

Ship-origin operational discharges of oil mainly include the discharge of bilge water from motor rooms, fuel oil sludge and oily ballast water from fuel tanks. Also, various tankers can illegally discharge of tank-washing residues. Accidental discharges can appear when ship collide or come in distress at sea (e.g. engine breakdown, fire, explosion, pipeline breaks). There is necessity of continuous inspection of marine shipping routes, especially in environmentally sensitive areas (e.g. whole Baltic Sea). If protection against oil pollution is considered - the coastal nations of the North Sea are formed in the Bonn Agreement, whereas coastal nations of the Baltic Sea are formed in the HELCOM convention. Both organizations carrying out the international aerial surveillances and manage international oil-combat systems. Unfortunately, air surveillance can operate mainly in good weather, good visibility and in daylight. The surface of the whole world is observed independently on the time of day and weather by antennas of Synthetic Aperture Radars (SAR) of dozen military satellites with resolution of several meters. Some civil satellites equipped with SAR, supply every few days a set of signals which in ground-based centres are transformed to image of a define area of the sea surface. In these images, the shapes of places, which can be interpreted as polluted by an oil film, are shown. The system is introduced after EU directive and managed by European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA). EMSA has developed the CleanSeaNet service - a satellite based monitoring system for marine oil spill detection. Advantages and limitations of the SAR-methods are discussed in this study. Physical, meteorological and hydrological as well as organizational conditions for effective use of this system are considered.
Simulation of Autonomous Navigation Mobile Robot System

The goal of real-time mobile robots is to travel in the shortest path between two points in a navigation environment. Autonomous navigation allows robots to planning this path without the need for human intervention. In this paper, Autonomous navigation mobile robot system has been simulated by MATLAB which a camera is used to snapshotting robot environment represented by maze while image processing techniques are used for extracting maze parameters. These parameters are used to planning the shortest path between start point and target based on Depth-first Search (DFS) and Breadth-first Search (BFS) searching algorithms.
Smart Chair: What Can Simple Pressure Sensors under the Chairs' Legs Tell Us about User Activity?

In this paper, we investigate how much information about user activity can be extracted from simple pressure sensors mounted under the legs of a chair. We show that it is possible to detect not only different postures (0.826 accuracy for 5 subjects and 7 classes), but also subtle hand and head related actions like typing and nodding (0.880 accuracy for 5 subjects and 5 classes). Combining features related to postures and such simple actions, we can detect high-level activities such as working on a PC, watching a movie or eating in a continuous, real-life data stream. In a dataset of 105.6 hours recorded from 4 subjects, we achieved 0.783 accuracy for 7 classes. Keywords—ubiquitous computing; smart chair; resistive pres- sure sensor; activity recognition
Preliminary geoelectrical identification of a low-temperature hydrothermal system in the Anzer glacial valley, İkizdere, Rize, Turkey

The Anzer glacial valley, at an elevation of over 2300 m in the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey, exhibits evidence for a low-temperature hydrothermal system (40-100 °C). Low-temperature hydrothermal systems usually do not receive attention since they are not useful for energy production. However, in areas where natural beauty is prominent, as in the Anzer valley, such resources can easily trigger investment for all-season resorts that significantly contribute to the economy. In this study, we examine the site evidence and carry out self-potential and dc-resistivity sounding surveys using a Schlumberger electrode configuration. The resistivity cross-section obtained from the inversion of a number of 1-D Schlumberger soundings, integrated with the slopes obtained from the inversion of the self-potential anomalies, suggests a conductive zone corresponding to the mineral alteration zone surrounding the crack conduits in this hydrothermal system. This study also emphasizes the significance of low-temperature hydrothermal fields for the region.
Evaluation of diagnostic performance of routine automated urinalysis and association between urinary tract infection and leukocytosis

Objective: For diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI), urine culture has been accepted as the gold standard test. High numbers of unnecessary cultures have always been the obvious issue in clinical laboratory. Moreover, urine culture is labor- and time- intensive. In the present study we investigated the diagnostic performances of infection-related parameters of urine preliminary analysis (leukocyte esterase, nitrite, bacteria and leukocyte) in comparison to urine culture method and whether the presence of UTI causes leukocytosis. Materials and Methods: 239.029 urinalyses were retrospectively examined. A total of 3427 patients that complete blood count (CBC), urinalysis and urine culture were requested on the same day were included in the study. Leukocyte count of CBC and leukocyte and bacteria in microscopy parameters of urine analysis were compared with urine culture. Diagnostic performance of the parameters for detection of UTI was estimated. Results: 413 patients had positive urine culture results (12.0%). Among culture positive patients, leukocyte esterase and nitrite positivity were 85% (n=352) and 40% (n=166) respectively. Bacteria and leukocyte positivity on microscope were 31% (n=127) and 75% (n=310), respectively. Although negative predictive values were 80%, 62%, 75%, 58%, positive predictive values of leukocyte esterase (LE), nitrite, pyuria and bacteriuria tests were 69%, 97%, 74%, and 91% respectively. The highest specificity rate was estimated for nitrite (99%). Leukocytosis rate in patients with a positive urine culture were 23% (n=96). A strong association was detected between microscopic WBC and LE count (r = 0.827; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Considering that most samples from the patients in our study have insignificant or no growth, urine microscopy and dipstick urine analysis can rule out UTI in these patients. We suggest that the investigation and application of a new algorithm in clinical practice could reduce unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions and in the clinical laboratory setting might reduce workload and cost.
Investigating Factors Affecting Science Teachers' Performance and Satisfaction toward Their Teaching Process at Najran University for Girls' Science Colleges.

In Saudi educational system, many factors have led to a various need for teaching qualifications in higher educational institutions. One main aim of this study was to determine the perception of college teachers on how to assess the effectiveness of the teaching process and what most students consider when evaluating their teachers. Further, it aimed to investigate the problems that academic teachers face in providing well-planned and effective services. To determine teachers’ perspectives, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 27 teachers selected at random from science departments at Najran University. It focused on several areas of teaching methods, such as curriculum programming, syllabus coverage of classes, teachers, and methods of effective teaching. Evaluation and student feedback was recorded. The collected data were analyzed through a list of key issues, concerns and themes to be discussed by the set of participants. The results revealed that teachers had some difficulties in addressing practical problems with implementing the current curriculum, using sufficient supplementation for teaching methods, and understanding validation of the evaluation process presented by students on the teachers’ achievements. Based on these findings, it is crucial to take teachers’ points of view into consideration in the development of the curriculum process, the exam system, resources, facilities and the evaluation system. Teacher involvement will create ownership and allow them to have an active role in teaching students with more devotion and commitment to evaluation. This will lead to significant improvement in teaching methods of science at all college levels.
Design of Self Compacting Lightweight Concrete Using Acidic Pumice with Different Powder Materials

This paper reports an experimental study on the design of self-compacting lightweight concrete using acidic pumice with different powder materials. For this aim, nine self-compacting lightweight concretes were designed with inclusion of two different fine aggregates and different powder materials. This way, two groups of concrete were designed. First group was composed of single type of aggregate which is acidic pumice from Bitlis Region with barite powder, fly ash powder and pumice powder inclusion, while the second group was generated with river sand as a fine aggregate and acidic pumice from Bitlis Region, as a coarse aggregate with the same powder addition. In the design process, slump-flow, V-funnel and L-box tests were applied to determine the fresh properties of selfcompacting lightweight concrete. After the design, test of compressive strength, which is one of the most important parameters of concrete, was applied to all self-compacting lightweight concretes in early age. Moreover, ultrasound pulse velocity test was also performed on all concrete series at the same ages.
Reforming the Security Sectors in South Eastern Europe: Lessons Learned and their Relevance for a Wider Black Sea Area Policy

After the end of the Cold War, the former Warsaw Pact countries committed themselves to building democratic institutions of civilian control over their militaries as part of the democratization process. In the early 1990s, that issue loomed high on the reform agenda because of the fear that the oversized armies, perceived as pillars of the former Socialist state, would seize power and set up dictatorships. Later on, once the basic framework of democratic control of the armed forces was put in place, new issues were incorporated under the rubric of security sector reform (SSR), a broader concept that not only included all the national security agencies but also focused on good governance and efficiency of democratic mechanisms. On the other hand, Russia withdrew its involvement in Central and South Eastern Europe, allowed the countries in the region to realign and integrate into Western security structures, and allowed more Western assistance to flow into the region. That was not the case of the former Soviet republics, considered by Russia as its “near abroad” area of responsibility. But the year 2004 brought the double enlargement of NATO and the EU, and countries such as Belarus, Moldova, Russia, and Ukraine became the new eastern neighbors of both NATO and the EU. Meantime, the northern-oriented perspective of enlargement and partnership has been changed by the events of September 11. That one day put the issue of tackling the more complex problems of South Eastern Europe and the Black Sea region higher on the international policy agenda. Also, the Russian leadership is increasingly reluctant to countenance any further involvement of the West on the Northern European dimension, considering that the threats are rather coming from the South. Once the enlargement was confirmed and eight former socialist countries became EU members—seven of them also being NATO members—both NATO and the EU must develop a policy towards their new eastern neighbors and decide how to anchor them, either by enlargement or by a partnership. What are the challenges, opportunities, and threats in that area? Should they be handled at the bilateral or regional level?
The effects of plasma levels of vitamin D3 on insulin resistance and biochemical factors of plasma in patients with type 2 diabetes

Background: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus due to existence of various factors is growing rapidly. The insulin resistance phenomenon is one of the main underlying causes of this disease, due to various reasons such as a decrease in serum levels of vitamin D3. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between plasma level of vitamin D3 and some other main plasma factors. Methods: This clinical trial study carried out on type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects who referred to diabetes clinic of Baqiyatallah Hospital in Tehran city during June to Sep-tember 2016. First demographic data of all patients were collected. Then the blood samples for evaluation of blood glucose, HbA1c, triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL, LDL and vitamin D3 were obtained. Based on plasma level of vitamin D3, diabetic subjects were divided into two separate treatment groups (with and without vitamin D3 deficiency) and then above-mentioned factors were compared between these two groups. Afterward, in group with vitamin D3 deficiency, treatment by vitamin D3 triggered (50000 unit per week for eight weeks orally) until plasma level of vitamin D3 reached above 30 ng/mL. Then, treatment continued by vitamin D3 (50000 Unit per week oral-ly) and calcium (1.5 g/day PO) until 60 days. Finally, the patients were evaluated about fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, HDL, LDL and blood pressure. Results: In total, 187 subjects (99 men and 88 women) were evaluated in this study. Total hypovitaminose incidence was 0.65% which was higher in subjects with higher body mass index (BMI). Serum content of vitamin D3 and calcium, significantly changed the values of fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1c, HDL and TG, but has no sig-nificant effects on other factors. Conclusion: Our results clearly revealed that hypovitaminose vitamin D3 is one of the main factors that can leading to rise in plasma glucose and dyslipidemia occurrence. Also, our data are demonstrated that treatment by vitamin D3 and calcium can modify fasting blood glucose and dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects. Abstract
Low-Rank Optimization Dictionary Training for Image Classification

Bag-of-words model has been extremely popular in image categorization. The method of constructing the dictionary is important. In this paper a category constrained low-rank optimization dictionary training approach is proposed for the dictionary construction. Through the low-rank optimization, the rank of the coefficient matrix constructed by same category images is minimized. Experimental results show that the proposed method can obtain better performance on two standard image databases (Caltech-101 and Caltech-256) than not employing the category constrained low-rank optimization.
EFFECT OF ALLIUM SATIVUM L. EXTRACT ON ACID AND PEPSIN SECRETION IN BASAL CONDITION AND STIMULATED WITH VAG STIMULATE IN RAT

مقدمه: گياه سير با نام علمي sativum Allium از دسته گياهاني است كه به طور وسيعي در دنيا و خصوصا در ايران به عنوان يك گياه معطر در طبخ غذاها و تهيه ترشيجات استفاده ميشود. شمار زيادي از مردم و نيز متخصصين در علوم داروهاي گياهي بر اين باورند كه اين گياه براي ناراحتيهاي گوارشي از جمله اختلالات گوارشي ناشي از عدم هضم مناسب غذا مفيد است. هدف: با توجه به نقش دارويي گياه سير در پيشگيري و درمان انواع بيماريها، استفاده از غذاها و ترشيجاتي كه در تهيه آنها از اين گياه استفاده ميشود رو به افزايش است. در اين تحقيق عصاره اين گياه بر ميزان ترشح اسيد و پپسين معده در موش صحرايي در شرايط پايه و تحريك شده توسط تحريك الكتريكي عصب واگ بررسي شد. روش بررسي: اين بررسي به صورت تجربي بر روي دو گروه 12 تايي موش صحرايي از نژاد ويستار صورت گرفت (گروه كنترل و گروه سير). حيوانات پس از بيهوشي توسط تزريق داخل صفاقي (ip (kg/mg 50 تيوپنتال سديم (نسدونال)، تراكئوستومي، لاپاراتومي و گاسترودئودنوستومي شدند. عصاره گياه سير كه در سرم فيزيولوژي 9/0 درصد حل شده بود با دوز kg/mg 100 از طريق مجراي گاسترودئودنوستوم به درون معده حيوانات گروه سير وارد شد. به منظور ايجاد تحريك عصب واگ، پس از آزاد كردن هر دو عصب واگ راست و چپ از غلاف كاروتيد، اعصاب واگ از منتهي عليه نزديك سر قطع شد. به وسيله دستگاه تحريككننده با ولتاژ 15 ميليولت، فركانس 4 هرتز و پهنا ms 1) ميليثانيه) تحريك الكتريكي عصب واگ صورت گرفت. ترشحات معده به روش شستشوي ترشحات معده به بيرون شامل «پايه اول، پايه دوم، تحريك الكتريكي عصب واگ و برگشت به پايه» به دست آمد. اسيد آن به روش تيتريمتري و پپسين اين ترشحات به روش آنسون بررسي شد. نتايج: عصاره متانولي گياه سير سبب افزايش معنيداري در ميزان ترشح اسيد (000/0 <p (و پپسين (05/0 <p (معده در موشهاي اين گروه نسبت به گروه كنترل گرديد. تحريك الكتريكي عصب واگ در گروه كنترل توانست ميزان ترشح اسيد (05/0 <p (و پپسين (05/0 <p (معده را به طور معنيداري افزايش دهد. تحريك الكتريكي عصب واگ در گروه سير نيز سبب افزايش معنيداري در ميزان ترشح اسيد (000/0 <p (و پپسين (05/0 <p (معده شد. ميزان ترشح اسيد و پپسين معده در دو گروه ارتباط معنيداري با جنس موشهاي صحرايي مورد آزمايش نداشت. نتيجهگيري: مصرف گياه سير در رژيم غذايي اثرات بسيار مفيدي در جهت كمك به هضم غذا دارد. توصيه به مصرف اين گياه در بيماراني كه اختلال گوارشي از نوع سوء هضم دارند بسيار سودمند خواهد بود. از طرفي ديگر، مصرف اين گياه و كليه فراوردههاي غذايي حاصل از آن در بيماراني كه دچار ناراحتيهاي گوارشي ناشي از افزايش اسيد و يا پپسين معده هستند منع مصرف دارد. بنابرين بيماران دچار ورم معده و اثني عشر و يا زخم معده و اثنيعشر به هيج وجهي مجاز به استفاده از اين گياه در رژيم غذايي خود نيستند.
An Evaluation of Student Engagement in the Odl Higher Education Context in Zimbabwe

This study assesses student engagement in the ODL Higher education sector in Zimbabwe. Student engagement has become an important indicator of the probability of a higher level of student retention through satisfaction. The study employed the qualitative research methodology but also used some quantitative research techniques. The case study research design was used with the Zimbabwe Open University (ZOU) being the case in point. Respondents were chosen using the stratified random sampling technique. The study revealed that there was a relatively high level of student engagement among the ZOU student population. Student engagement in ODL is driven by communication between the University and students, interactions and relationships among students and other in class factors which motivate students such as class presentations and group work. The study revealed considerable interest among the student community to have an in-depth relationship with the ODL University and among students themselves for mutual beneficiation. To enhance student engagement at the University and take advantage of the already highly motivated student community, the study recommends that the ODL University facilitate more student-student interactions through University-facilitated study groups per programme. There is also need to improve the frequency of communication between the University and students, the communication should be upgraded from mass media to personal communication through technologies such as emails and other IT- driven technologies.
AN ANALYSIS OF PROTEIN AND CALORIE CONSUMPTION IN CENTRAL JAVA

AbstractThis study analyses calorie and protein consumption in Central Java Province. The calorie and protein elasticity are derived from demand elasticity of the ten food groups encompassing cereals, fish, meats, eggs and milk, vegetables, fruits, oil and fats, prepared foods and drinks, other foods and tobacco products. Most of calorie and protein-price elasticity of the ten food group are negative. Consumption of calorie and protein are most responsive to prices of eggs and milk. Protein -price elasticities are less elastic than calorie-price elasticities. Calorie and protein-income elasticity are positive and become lesselastic in moving from lower to higher income households but protein is less responsive to income change than calorie. Keywords: QUAIDS, demand elasticity, nutrient elasticity, Central Java ProvinceJEL Classification numbers: D12, O12AbstrakStudi ini menganlisis konsumsi kalori dan protein di Jawa Tengah. Elastisitas kalori dan protein dihitung dari elastisitas permintaan dari 10 kelompok komoditi makanan yang terdiri dari padi-padian, ikan, daging, telur dan susu, sayur-sayuran, buah-buahan, minyak dan lemak, makanan dan minumun jadi, makanan lainnya dan tembakau dan hasilnya. Sebagian besar elastisitas harga kalori dan protein adalah negatif. Konsumsi kalori dan protein adalah kelompok makanan yang paling responsif terhadap perubahan harga telur dan susu. Elastisitas pendapatan kalori dan protein adalah positif tetapi menjadi lebih elastis untuk rumah tangga berpenghasilan lebih tinggi tetapi protein kurang responsif terhadap perubahan pendapatan daripada kalori.Keywords: QUAIDS, elastisitas permintaan, elastisitas nutrisi, Jawa TengahJEL Classification numbers: D12, O12