Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing organisational efficiency in a smart-logistics ecological chain under e-commerce platform leadership

ABSTRACT In smart-logistics ecological chains led by e-commerce platforms, the organisational efficiency has become an important indicator to measure the ecological chain’s development. However, no scientific theoretical framework exists regarding the factors affecting such organisational efficiency. This paper adopts a multi-case study method to research four e-commerce platforms in China and investigate the current situation and development of smart-logistics ecological chains. Through interviews and analysis, the research proposes a theoretical framework of factors influencing the organisational efficiency about smart-logistics ecological chains led by an e-commerce platform. First, it reveals that under e-commerce platform leadership, the smart-logistics ecological chain’s organisational efficiency directly relates to two factors: the eco-chain’s technological innovation capability and contract fulfilment. Second, national policies, consumer demands, the competition among ecological chains, and Information-sharing will indirectly affect the smart-logistics ecological chain’s organisational efficiency. Third, enhancing the smart-logistics ecological chain’s technological innovation capability positively impacts its contract fulfilment.
Fire history and the global carbon budget: a 1°× 1° fire history reconstruction for the 20th century

A yearly global fire history is a prerequisite for quantifying the contribution of previous fires to the past and present global carbon budget. Vegetation fires can have both direct (combustion) and long‐term indirect effects on the carbon cycle. Every fire influences the ecosystem carbon budget for many years, as a consequence of internal reorganization, decomposition of dead biomass, and regrowth. We used a two‐step process to estimate these effects. First we synthesized the available data available for the 1980s or 1990s to produce a global fire map. For regions with no data, we developed estimates based on vegetation type and history. Second, we then worked backwards to reconstruct the fire history. This reconstruction was based on published data when available. Where it was not, we extrapolated from land use practices, qualitative reports and local studies, such as tree ring analysis. The resulting product is intended as a first approximation for questions about consequences of historical changes in fire for the global carbon budget. We estimate that an average of 608 Mha yr−1 burned (not including agricultural fires) at the end of the 20th century. 86% of this occurred in tropical savannas. Fires in forests with higher carbon stocks consumed 70.7 Mha yr−1 at the beginning of the century, mostly in the boreal and temperate forests of the Northern Hemisphere. This decreased to 15.2 Mha yr−1 in the 1960s as a consequence of fire suppression policies and the development of efficient fire fighting equipment. Since then, fires in temperate and boreal forests have decreased to 11.2 Mha yr−1. At the same time, burned areas increased exponentially in tropical forests, reaching 54 Mha yr−1 in the 1990s, reflecting the use of fire in deforestation for expansion of agriculture. There is some evidence for an increase in area burned in temperate and boreal forests in the closing years of the 20th century.
Postulation of seedling leaf rust resistance genes in selected Ethiopian and German bread wheat cultivars

Leaf rust caused by the fungus Puccinia triticina Eriks. is one of the most important foliar diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Host resistance is the most economical and safest method of controlling the disease. Characterization of the host greatly facilitates the effective utilization of host resistance genes. Gene postulation helps to undertake a quick identifi cation of the proba- ble leaf rust resistance genes (Lr genes) present in a large number of wheat cultivars at a time. The objective of this study was to identify the race-specifi c Lr-genes present in 36 wheat cul- tivars from Ethiopia and Germany. Seventy-six wheat genotypes, including 40 near-isogenic lines (NILs), were tested against 31 isolates of P. triticina isolates collected from both countries. Lr-genes Lr1, 2c, 3, 3ka, 9, 10, 14a, 14b, 13, 16, 18, 21, 23, 27+31, 30, 37, and 44 were postulated to be present in the Ethiopian wheat cultivars. Lr genes Lr9, 20, and 21 were present in the Ger- man wheat cultivars. The Lr-genes present in some wheat cultivars could not be postulated because of non-matching virulence combina- tions with any of the NILs. The results of this study show that most of the wheat cultivars tested do not have adequate resistance for leaf rust, indicating the need for incorporating more effective genes into the target wheat cultivars.
A selection experiment on a white leghorn strain under Ahemeral light‐dark Cycles

1. Selection was carried out for increased ovulation frequency in two flocks; under ahemeral (9 generations of selection) or normal (8 generations) light‐dark cycles. 2. By the use of an ahemeral regime, the barrier to progress imposed by the limit of one ovulation in each light‐dark cycle was evaded. 3. Both flocks achieved a considerable increase in oviposition frequency but so far there has been little evidence of any advantage in this respect due to the ahemeral regime. 4. There was a marked correlated decrease in egg weight in both flocks.
The Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type-1 Tax Protein Regulates the Activity of the IκB Kinase Complex*

Two cytokine-inducible kinases, IKKα and IKKβ, are components of a 700-kDa kinase complex that specifically phosphorylates IκB. Phosphorylation of IκB by IKK leads to its ubiquitination and subsequent degradation, resulting in the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. The oncogenic protein Tax, encoded by human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1), stimulates IKK activity to result in constitutive nuclear levels of NF-κB. In an attempt to gain insights into the mechanism by which Tax mediates constitutive activation of the NF-κB pathway, we analyzed the chromatographic distribution of IKK proteins using cellular extracts prepared from three T lymphocytes either lacking or containing Tax. IKK kinase activity and the distribution of proteins in the IKK complex were characterized. In extracts prepared from cells containing Tax, the activity of both IKKα and IKKβ present in the 700-kDa IKK complex were increased. Surprisingly, cell lines expressing Tax also contained an additional peak of IKKβ, but not IKKα activity, that migrated at 300 kDa rather than at 700 kDa. We noted that extracts containing Tax had extremely low levels of IκBβ, but not IκBα, and contained predominantly a truncated form of the MAP3K MEKK1. These results suggest that Tax may target several components of the NF-κB pathway leading to constitutive activation of this important regulator of cellular gene expression.
N-n-Alkylnicotinium Analogs, a Novel Class of Nicotinic Receptor Antagonists: Interaction with α4β2* and α7* Neuronal Nicotinic Receptors

The current study demonstrates thatN-n-alkylnicotinium analogs with increasing n-alkyl chain lengths from 1 to 12 carbons have varying affinity (K i = 90 nM–20 μM) for S-(−)-[3H]nicotine binding sites in rat striatal membranes. A linear relationship was observed such that increasing n-alkyl chain length provided increased affinity for the α4β2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtype, with the exception ofN-n-octylnicotinium iodide (NONI). The most potent analog wasN-n-decylnicotinium iodide (NDNI;K i = 90 nM). In contrast, none of the analogs in this series exhibited high affinity for the [3H]methyllycaconitine binding site, thus indicating low affinity for the α7* nAChR. The C8 analog, NONI, had low affinity forS-(−)-[3H]nicotine binding sites but was a potent inhibitor of S-(−)-nicotine-evoked [3H]dopamine (DA) overflow from superfused striatal slices (IC50 = 0.62 μM), thereby demonstrating selectivity for the nAChR subtype mediatingS-(−)-nicotine-evoked [3H]DA overflow (α3α6β2* nAChRs). Importantly, theN-n-alkylnicotinium analog with highest affinity for the α4β2* subtype, NDNI, lacked the ability to inhibitS-(−)-nicotine-evoked [3H]DA overflow and, thus, appears to be selective for α4β2* nAChRs. Furthermore, the present study demonstrates that the interaction of these analogs with the α4β2* subtype is via a competitive mechanism. Thus, selectivity for the α4β2* subtype combined with competitive interaction with the S-(−)-nicotine binding site indicates that NDNI is an excellent candidate for studying the structural topography of α4β2* agonist recognition binding sites, for identifying the antagonist pharmacophore on the α4β2* nAChR, and for defining the role of this subtype in physiological function and pathological disease states.
CLASSIFICATION OF THE KOJI MOLD

A taxonomical study of the Aspergillus was made centering on 403 strains of koji mold, with some other molds as reference. Morphological, physiological, and cultural characters were compared, and 20 mycological characters of each strain were submitted to component analysis by a computer, and the following characters were selected as the most significant key for taxonomical differentiation: Seriation of sterigmata, roughness of conidial walls, color of old cultures, diameter of conidia, and pink coloration of conidia in the anisaldehyde medium.In addition, the strains RIB 430 and Thom No. 113 were found to be the original isolate of AHLBURG and COHN; the strain Thom No. 108 was proved to be A. oryzae, and A. sojae SAKAGUCHI et YAMADA was definitely discriminated from A. parasiticus SPEARE.As a result, all the strains were proved to belong to two different clusters by the computer analysis, one being the A. oryzae group and the other, A. flavus group. The koji molds were placed in A. oryzae group including A. sojae SAKAGUCHI et YAMADA, A. tamarii KITA, A. oryzae (Ahlburg) COHN, A. oryzae var. viride, var. nov., and A. oryzae var. brunneus, var. nov., and the strains other than koji mold were placed in A. flavus group including A. flavus LINK, A. parasiticus SPEARE, and A. toxicarius, sp. nov.
Development and evaluation of colon targeted delivery of budesonide polymeric nanoparticles for colitis therapy

Targeted delivery of the drug at site of action in case of In lammatory Bowel Disease like colitis is the big challenge for formulators. The case where conventional drug delivery fails in severe stages of In lammatory Bowel Disease, Nanoparticles is a good dosage form to targeted in lammatory site. The idea of the this researchwas to prepare Nanoparticles with polymer Eudragit S100 and Surfactant Poloxamer containing Budesonide which inally illed in capsules providing immediate release at the ileocecal site, the most affected area in IBD i.e. pH dependent release. Nanoparticles are prepared by nano precipatation technique. Budesonide was used as a drug because of its therapeutic potential for in IBD. This study compares the different ratios of drug to olymer and drug to surfactant with optimized solvent and anti-solvent concentration in preparation of Nanoparticles. Optimized formulation ratio of drug to polymer was 1:2 and drug to surfactant was 1:1. The optimized batch of nanoparticles was illed in capsule and was evaluated for in-vitro studies.
Detection of Orientation of MHC Class II Binding Peptides Using Bioinformatics Tools

In this study, in silica biology is used to elucidate the biochemical and spatial properties of peptides interacting with class-II MHC molecules. An existing prediction method was used to detect the directionality in the HLA-DRB1*0401 binding peptides. The results show a standing the processing of exogenous antigens and the biochemical interactions in general.
Effect of Pregnancy on Thermoregulation, Blood Constituents, Serum Bio-chemicals and Cortisol Level in (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Rabbit Model

Aims: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of pregnancy on the physiological responses in rabbit model in early, mid and late gestation periods. Materials and Methods: The experiment was performed according to the complete randomized design. Fourteen (14) pregnant and non pregnant rabbits, 7 in each group, were used in this study. Pregnancy was ascertained by vaginal swabs taken after copulation by mature fertile male rabbits. Blood and serum constituents' responses were investigated at days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 of gestation. Results: The obtained results revealed significant (P<0.05) increase in respiration rate (RR) in midgestation and in heart rate (HR) at late gestation. The packed cell volume (PVC), erythrocyte count, haemoglobin concentration (Hb) and total leukocyte count (TLC) were significantly (P< 0.05) reduced in mid and late gestation. The serum levels of total protein decreased and cholesterol increased significantly (P<0.05) in early, mid and late gestation. The plasma osmolality decreased Original Research Article Sukar et al.; AJOB, 9(1): 44-61, 2020; Article no.AJOB. 56411 45 significantly (P<0.05) at mid gestation. Cortisol level increased significantly (P<0.05) during mid and late gestation. Conclusions: The study concluded that the pregnancy altered HR, hematological, serum parameters and cortisol level in pregnant rabbit model.
Proton Pump Inhibitor Switching Strategy after Failure of Standard Triple Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Infection

The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research is an Open-Access Journal. All articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ORIGINAL ARTICLE ISSN 1738-3331 eISSN 2671-826X, https://doi.org/10.7704/kjhugr.2019. 0036 The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research, 2020;20(2):146-152
The Effectiveness of the Methods in Use to Promote Fluency among EFL Learners at Foreign Languages Department, Taif University

This study outlines the effectiveness of the methods in use to promote EFL students' fluency in classroom and to what extent these methods strengthen students' ability to speak. Through a questionnaire (quantative data) was given to (54) male and female students, the study discusses their learning perception about speaking, materials and methods in practice in discourse and speech elements and evaluation of the oral skills. Depending on the statistical analysis operated by (T) test at (0.05) level, it can be concluded that teachers need to use practical and applicable strategies to develop their students' language fluency. Oral skills have not been given an exceptional distinction in the process of learning the language. The study proposes valuable suggestions to teachers to attain high levels when they plan to improve their students' oral skills. These students can obtain significant standard of proficiency with minimal means by stimulating frequent strategies of speech.
First report of 16SrII ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia’ infecting chilli and tamarillo in Indonesia

Datura inoxia (family Solanaceae) is an annual invasive weed grown in India, and used as a medicinal plant for therapeutic purposes. A disease characterized by little leaf was observed on D. inoxia plants growing nearby brinjal (aubergine) ﬁelds in Ambedkar Nagar, U.P., India during March 2008. The diseased plants exhibited proliferation of branches with shortened internodes and reduced-size leaves which give rise to the little leaf appearance. To ascertain the association of a phytoplasma, total DNA was extracted from ~100 mg of leaf tissue employing a phytoplasma enrichment procedure (Ahrens & Seemuller, 1992). Direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using P1/P6 universal primers speciﬁc to 16S rRNA gene of phytoplasmas (Deng & Hiruki, 1991), followed by a nested PCR from a 1:10 dilution of the P1/P6 PCR products using R16F2n/R16R2 primers (Gundersen & Lee, 1996), which resulted in expected size bands of ~1·5 kb and ~1·2 kb, respectively, for little leaf affected (2/2) but not symptomless (1/1) samples. Nested PCR amplicons from each sample were sequenced and the consensus nucleotide sequence deposited in GenBank (Accession No. EU573925). BLAST analysis of the 16S rRNA partial sequence of the phytoplasma identiﬁed in little leaf-affected D. inoxa revealed its highest identity (97%) with those of members Chilli pepper ( Capsicum spp.) and tamarillo ( Solanum [ Cyphomandra ] betaceum ) are important cash crops in Indonesia. Smallholder farm ﬁelds around Bunuraya area, North Sumatera, were visited in September 2007. Symptoms of stunting, severe leaf mottling and bunching of small mottled leaves were observed in chilli and tamarillo with up to 100% of plants affected. Leaf samples from randomly collected affected chilli and tamarillo plants were assayed by electron microscopy and ELISA with negative results for a number of viruses likely to infect these hosts, including Pepper mild mottle virus , Tobacco mosaic virus and Tomato mosaic virus , Cucumber mosaic virus , Impatiens necrotic spot virus , Tomato spotted wilt virus , Alfalfa mosaic virus , and generic potyviruses and begomoviruses. As phytoplasmas have been associated with diseases in chilli (Khan & Raj, 2006; Lebsky & Poghosyan, samples were indexed by a nested PCR using phytoplasma 16S rDNA universal primers (R16F2m/R1 fol- lowed by fU5/rU3), RFLP, and sequencing. PCR amplicons and identical RFLP proﬁles ( Hae III, Rsa I and Alu I) were obtained for affected plants tamarillo (3/4) and chilli (4/4), but not for symptomless samples. PCR products of a representative tamarillo and chilli were puriﬁed and sequenced (www.dnaseq.co.uk). The phytoplasma 16S rDNA sequences from chilli (EU273881) and tamarillo
Biophysical Perspectives of Xylem Evolution: is there a Tradeoff of Hydraulic Efficiency for Vulnerability to Dysfunction?

In this review, we discuss the evolution of xylem structure in the context of our current understanding of the biophysics of water transport in plants. Water transport in land plants occurs while water is under negative pressure and is thus in a metastable state. Vessels filled with metastable water are prone to dysfunction by cavitation whenever gas-filled voids appear in the vessel lumen. Cavitated vessels fill with air and are incapable of water transport until air bubbles dissolve. We know much more about how cavitations occur and the conditions under which air bubbles (embolisms) dissolve. This gives us an improved understanding of the relations hip between xylem structure and function.
Inactivation of Haemopoietic Stem Cells by Slow α-particles

Inactivation of murine haemopoietic stem cells, assayed as spleen colony-forming units (CFU-S), has been determined after in vitro irradiation under well defined conditions with small numbers (0·15–3) of α-particles of incident energy 3·3 MeV (LET 121 keV μm−1). Exponential survival curves were obtained with inactivation dose coefficients of 1·83±0·11 and 1·63±0·06 Gy−1 for 8 and 12-day CFU-S, respectively, corresponding to inactivation cross sections of 35·6±2·1 and 31·7±1·2 μm2. The results indicate that these radiosensitive stem cells have a significant probability of surviving the passage of a single α-particle track, estimated at 8 and 18% per particle passage, respectively, if the cells have a diameter of 7 μm. However, this estimation is strongly dependent on the assumed diameter. Conversely, it is demonstrated that the cells cannot have mean geometric diameters of less than 6·7±0·2 and 6·4±0·1 μm, respectively. Associated experiments have shown that some cells from the irradiated population do sur.
Pollination of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) by bumble bees (Bombus terrestris): effects of bee density and patterns of flower visitation.

Flowering male and female vines of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa Chev.) were caged and provisioned with small colonies of Bombus terrestris (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Fruit weight and seed number in the seven cages increased with increasing bee density. The heaviest fruit were associated with a foraging density of one bee per thousand female flowers. Although bumble bees displayed a greater fidelity towards kiwifruit pollen collection than did honey bees (Apis mellifera L.), fidelity to kiwifruit in both species appeared to be influenced by the presence and composition of competing bloom. White clover (Trifolium repens) was a major competing species for honey bees and lupin (Lupinus arboreum) for bumble bees. Bumble bees exhibited a greater degree of crossover between male and female flowers than honey bees, based on an examination of male and female pollen in corbicular loads. Frequent crossover appears to facilitate the carryover of viable pollen from pollen-fertile staminate to pollen-sterile pistillate flowers. Tentatative suggestions are made for stocking rates.
Assessment of Metal Concentrations in Wild-Caught Raccoons (Procyon lotor) in the Southeastern US

Abstract Procyon lotor (Raccoon) is a widespread and abundant omnivore that uses a diversity of habitats. Therefore, this species can be useful for biomonitoring the exposure and availability of metals to wildlife. We measured the concentrations of 5 metals (cadmium [Cd], copper [Cu], nickel [Ni], lead [Pb] and zinc [Zn]) in the liver tissue of 446 wild Raccoons that were collected at 2 sites in 2005 and 2006. We found that concentrations of Zn were positively correlated with those of Cu but negatively correlated with those of Ni. Liver concentrations of Cu and Zn exhibited strong negative relationships with body weight, whereas Cd had a positive relationship. Zn liver concentrations differed by sex, site captured, and year of sampling. Significant differences in Cd and Pb concentrations in liver tissue were observed due to sex and year, but no significant differences were found for the other 2 metals. Our results provide a large sample size of reference values for metal concentrations in livers of Raccoons collected from rural areas in the southeastern United States.
Engagement in Non-Driving Related Tasks as a Non-Intrusive Measure for Mode Awareness: A Simulator Study

Research on the role of non-driving related tasks (NDRT) in the area of automated driving is indispensable. At the same time, the construct mode awareness has received considerable interest in regard to human–machine interface (HMI) evaluation. Based on the expectation that HMI design and practice with different levels of driving automation influence NDRT engagement, a driving simulator study was conducted. In a 2 × 5 (automation level x block) design, N = 49 participants completed several transitions of control. They were told that they could engage in an NDRT if they felt safe and comfortable to do so. The NDRT was the Surrogate Reference Task (SuRT) as a representative of a wide range of visual–manual NDRTs. Engagement (i.e., number of inputs on the NDRT interface) was assessed at the onset of a respective episode of automated driving (i.e., after transition) and during ongoing automation (i.e., before subsequent transition). Results revealed that over time, NDRT engagement increased during both L2 and L3 automation until stable engagement at the third block. This trend was observed for both onset and ongoing NDRT engagement. The overall engagement level and the increase in engagement are significantly stronger for L3 automation compared to L2 automation. These results outline the potential of NDRT engagement as an online non-intrusive measure for mode awareness. Moreover, repeated interaction is necessary until users are familiar with the automated system and its HMI to engage in NDRTs. These results provide researchers and practitioners with indications about users’ minimum degree of familiarity with driving automation and HMIs for mode awareness testing.