Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plevral efüzyonla prezente olan romatoid artrit (Olgu sunumu)

Ozet Romatoid artrit (RA) nufusun yaklasik %0,3-1,5’inde gorulen etiyolojisi bilinmeyen, eklemlerden ic organlara kadar vucudun farkli bolgelerinde tutulumla karakterli kronik otoimmun bir hastaliktir. Ploropulmoner tutulum en sik ikinci gorusen tutulum olup en basta gelen mortalite nedenidir. Ploropulmoner tutulum RA tanisi almadan once ortaya cikarsa, ayirici tanida dusunulmeyip gozden kacabilir. Baslangic semptomu olarak plevral efuzyon, solunum sikintisi ve son alti aydir devam eden gogus agrisi sikâyetleri ile gelen ve takibinde RA tanisi alan olguyu literatur bilgileri isiginda sunmayi amacladik. Anahtar sozcukler: Romatoid artrit, plevral efuzyon, plorit Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease with unknown aetiology which effects a variety from joints to internal organs and other sites of organism. It's seen in 0.3-1.5% of population. Pleuropulmonary involvement which is the second frequent involvement is the major cause of mortality. If the pleuropulmonary involvement exists before the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, it may be overlook ed . We aimed to present a case with pleural effusion, respiratory distress and chest pain lasting for 6 months as initial symptoms and diagnosed as rheumatoid arthritis in follow up on the light of literature data. Keywords: Rheumatoid arthrit is , is pleural effusion, pleurit
Cooperative Regulation of Chondrocyte Differentiation by CCN2 and CCN3 Shown by a Comprehensive Analysis of the CCN Family Proteins in Cartilage

CCN2 is best known as a promoter of chondrocyte differentiation among the CCN family members, and its null mice display skeletal dysmorphisms. However, little is known concerning roles of the other CCN members in chondrocytes. Using both in vivo and in vitro approaches, we conducted a comparative analysis of CCN2‐null and wildtype mice to study the roles of CCN2 and the other CCN proteins in cartilage development. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the localization of CCN proteins and other chondrocyte‐associated molecules in the two types of mice. Moreover, gene expression levels and the effects of exogenous CCN proteins on chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation, and the expression of chondrocyte‐associated genes in their primary chondrocytes were evaluated. Ccn3 was dramatically upregulated in CCN2‐null cartilage and chondrocytes. This upregulation was associated with diminished cell proliferation and delayed differentiation. Consistent with the in vivo findings, CCN2 deletion entirely retarded chondrocyte terminal differentiation and decreased the expression of several chondrocyte‐associated genes in vitro, whereas Ccn3 expression drastically increased. In contrast, the addition of exogenous CCN2 promoted differentiation strongly and induced the expression of the associated genes, whereas decreasing the Ccn3 expression. These findings collectively indicate that CCN2 induces chondrocyte differentiation by regulating the expression of chondrocyte‐associated genes but that these effects are counteracted by CCN3. The lack of CCN2 caused upregulation of CCN3 in CCN2‐null mice, which resulted in the observed phenotypes, such as the resultant delay of terminal differentiation. The involvement of the PTHrP‐Ihh loop in the regulation of CCN3 expression is also suggested.
Strength and Power Training of Australian Olympic Swimmers

Summary We do not live in an ideal world,and the strength and conditioningspecialist working with the swim-ming athlete must contend with awide range of competing and con-flicting factors. It is vital that allswimmers resistance train to in-crease strength and power for im-proved swimming performanceand to provide adequate strengthfor them to cope with the rigors ofhigh volumes of in-water training.The program must address anymuscle imbalances or prior in-juries to assist the athlete to re-main pain and injury free. ▲ ■ References 1. Adams, G.R. , B. M. Hather,K.M. Baldwin, and G.A. Dud-ley. Skeletal muscle myosinheavy chain composition andresistance training. J. Appl.Physiol. 74(2): 911–915. 1993.2. Bobbert, M.F. , and A.J. VanSoest. Effects of musclestrengthening on vertical jumpheight: A simulation study. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 26(8):1012–1020. 1994.3. Hather, B.M. , P.A. Tesch, P.Buchanan, and G.A. Dudley. Inﬂuence of eccentric actionson skeletal muscle adapta-tions to resistance training.
Effects of Motor Imagery Combined with Repetitive Task Practice on Sitting Balance of Hemiplegic Patients

[Purpose] We examined the effects of motor imagery on the sitting balance of 16 hemiplegic patients. [Subjects] The subjects were 6 persons in an intervention group and 10 persons in a non-intervention group. [Methods] All patients received preand post-training assessments on the 1st and 5th day. The intervention patients received motor imagery combined with repetitive task practice for 3 consecutive days, while the non-intervention group received no training other than the assessments. With the aid of visual and auditory information the intervention group were instructed to sit and perform imaging as if they flexed their trunk forward and bent their trunk laterally. After motor imagery, they were asked to perform the same repetitive task practice as motor imagery. Elevation and roll angles of the spinal process of L1 and sitting pressure were measured. These parameters were compared between preand post-training, and between the intervention and non-intervention groups using ANOVA. [Results] Sitting pressure on the affected side at rest was significantly increased after training, but during forward-flexion, the patients inclined more to the unaffected side, especially left hemiplegic patients. The angles of movement were significantly increased while bending laterally to the affected side. However, sitting pressure showed no significant increase on the affected side. [Conclusion] Short-term motor imagery with repetitive task practice had limited effect on the sitting balance of hemiplegic patients.
Dignity and significance in urgent care: older people’s experiences

In this paper we report the role that a sense of significance plays in the experiences of older patients in urgent care settings, and explore the factors that influence these experiences. The paper draws on findings from a UK study in which 69 patients and 27 relatives from 31 English NHS Trusts were interviewed about their urgent care experiences using semi-structured qualitative interviews. Key among the findings was that older patients experienced a diminished sense of their individual significance. Some questioned the legitimacy of their presence in the urgent care setting and believed that they mattered little in relation to other patients and the other tasks which health professionals were undertaking. The three key features of this diminished sense of significance were: the primacy of technical, medical care; an imbalance of power; and the subordination of patients’ non-medical needs. These features suggest that interventions to enhance care delivery that promotes a sense of significance will need to target practitioners and the wider organisational culture.
Analysis of Cerebral Infarct Signal Intensity on Diffusion-Weighted MR Images Using Frequency Domain Techniques

Early and accurate diagnosis of cerebral infarction plays a vital role in the implementation of successful treatment and thereby improving the quality of life. Diffusion Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DW-MRI) is a highly sensitive tool for the detection of early changes in the water diffusion that characterizes various brain pathologies, largely, cerebral infarctions. Studies were performed on a set of Diffusion Weighted (DW) images of the human brain (in the axial plane) to find the relationship between the light intensity High Frequency Power (HFP) values and the time course of cerebral infarction, and to present evidence in defining the stages of cerebral infarction. Analysis of the results show that the difference in the light intensity HFP values on the DW images for the subjects with cerebral infarction compared to their contralateral normal hemisphere, were highly significant (p < 0.01) in the areas of the brain, where there was a high incidence of infarction. The relative increase in the light intensity HFP values (RHFP) for the subjects with cerebral infarc- tion were in the range of (153.06 - 1780.43) times compared to their corresponding HFP values on the contralateral normal hemisphere. The observed RHFP values increased progressively with time and were at the peak for the examinations be- tween 1 to 4 days and thereafter reduced to reach the minimum after 15 days. There was a negative correlation (r = - 0.74) observed between the RHFP values and the time stage of cerebral infarction. The evolution of the RHFP values observed subsequent to infarction is suggestive that they can be supportive in understanding the developmental stages of infarction and can be helpful in predicting the stage of infarction. The quantitative changes in the light intensity HFP values can be assessed to derive information about the early changes taking place in the brain tissue. Further their adoption in clinical diagnosis and treatment of cerebral infarction could be helpful and informative. In conclusion, the proposed method could positively assist the neuro-surgeons for speedy diagnosis and execution of treatment to protect the subjects from additional damage to their brain tissue.
Sclerostin Mediates Bone Response to Mechanical Unloading Through Antagonizing Wnt/β‐Catenin Signaling

Reduced mechanical stress leads to bone loss, as evidenced by disuse osteoporosis in bedridden patients and astronauts. Osteocytes have been identified as major cells responsible for mechanotransduction; however, the mechanism underlying the response of bone to mechanical unloading remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that mechanical unloading of wildtype mice caused decrease of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling activity accompanied by upregulation of Sost. To further analyze the causal relationship among these events, Sost gene targeting mice were generated. We showed that sclerostin selectively inhibited Wnt/β‐catenin in vivo, and sclerostin suppressed the activity of osteoblast and viability of osteoblasts and osteocytes. Interestingly, Sost−/− mice were resistant to mechanical unloading‐induced bone loss. Reduction in bone formation in response to unloading was also abrogated in the mutant mice. Moreover, in contrast to wildtype mice, Wnt/β‐catenin signaling was not altered by unloading in Sost−/− mice. Those data implied that sclerostin played an essential role in mediating bone response to mechanical unloading, likely through Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. Our findings also indicated sclerostin is a promising target for preventing disuse osteoporosis.
What is MTT(Moral Turing Text)?

The purpose of this paper is to present a criterion for verifying the morality of the act of artificial intelligence agent and to design its theoretical foundation. To do this, we use the turing test as an archetype, developed from A. Turing's "Computing machinery and intelligence," Based on the main idea of behaviorism, I will present the ethical criteria of the morality of artificial intelligence agent. Furthermore, I will classify the stage of the artificial intelligence agent, and try to theoretically justify it.
ALK2 R206H mutation linked to fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva confers constitutive activity to the BMP type I receptor and sensitizes mesenchymal cells to BMP‐induced osteoblast differentiation and bone formation

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare disabling disease characterized by heterotopic ossification for which there is currently no treatment available. FOP has been linked recently to a heterozygous R206H mutation in the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptor activin receptor–like kinase 2 (ALK2). Expression of the mutant ALK2‐R206H receptor (FOP‐ALK2) results in increased phosphorylation of the downstream Smad1 effector proteins and elevated basal BMP‐dependent transcriptional reporter activity, indicating that FOP‐ALK2 is constitutively active. FOP‐ALK2‐induced transcriptional activity could be blocked by overexpressing either of the inhibitory Smads, Smad6 or ‐7, or by treatment with the pharmacological BMP type I receptor inhibitor dorsomorphin. However, in contrast to wild‐type ALK2, FOP‐ALK2 is not inhibited by the negative regulator FKBP12. Mesenchymal cells expressing the FOP‐ALK2 receptor are more sensitive to undergoing BMP‐induced osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. In vivo bone formation was assessed by loading human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) expressing the ALK2‐R206H receptor onto calcium phosphate scaffolds and implantation in nude mice. Compared with control cells FOP‐ALK2‐expressing cells induced increased bone formation. Taken together, the R206H mutation in ALK2 confers constitutive activity to the mutant receptor, sensitizes mesenchymal cells to BMP‐induced osteoblast differentiation, and stimulates new bone formation. We have generated an animal model that can be used as a stepping stone for preclinical studies aimed at inhibiting the heterotopic ossification characteristic of FOP. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 is a negative endocrine regulator of the renin-angiotensin system

Inappropriate activation of the renin-angiotensin system, which plays a central role in the regulation of blood pressure, electrolyte, and volume homeostasis, may represent a major risk factor for hypertension, heart attack, and stroke. Mounting evidence from clinical studies has demonstrated an inverse relationship between circulating vitamin D levels and the blood pressure and/or plasma renin activity, but the mechanism is not understood. We show here that renin expression and plasma angiotensin II production were increased severalfold in vitamin D receptor-null (VDR-null) mice, leading to hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and increased water intake. However, the salt- and volume-sensing mechanisms that control renin synthesis are still intact in the mutant mice. In wild-type mice, inhibition of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)] synthesis also led to an increase in renin expression, whereas 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) injection led to renin suppression. We found that vitamin D regulation of renin expression was independent of calcium metabolism and that 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) markedly suppressed renin transcription by a VDR-mediated mechanism in cell cultures. Hence, 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) is a novel negative endocrine regulator of the renin-angiotensin system. Its apparent critical role in electrolytes, volume, and blood pressure homeostasis suggests that vitamin D analogues could help prevent or ameliorate hypertension.
Comparison of a Timing-Based Measure of Unintended Pregnancy and the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy.

CONTEXT Unintended pregnancy is a universal benchmark for reproductive health, but whether variations reflect differences in measurement and how well measures predict pregnancy outcomes warrant further examination. U.S. and British measures of unintended and unplanned pregnancy offer a useful comparison. METHODS Some 220 women seeking pregnancy testing at the Columbia University Medical Center in 2005 responded to three pregnancy measures: a binary timing-based measure of unintended pregnancy (TMUP); a multi-item measure of timing-based intentions and planning behaviors, the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy (LMUP); and a measure combining intentions (from the TMUP) and how women would feel about a positive pregnancy test. Six-month pregnancy status was assessed among 159 respondents. Estimates of unintended and unplanned pregnancy were calculated using the TMUP and the LMUP, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to assess congruence. RESULTS According to the TMUP, 76% of pregnancies were unintended; by contrast, LMUP scores categorized 39% as unplanned. The ROC curve indicated that expanding the range of scores for classifying pregnancies as unplanned on the LMUP would achieve greater congruence between these measures. At six months, the proportion of pregnancies that had ended in abortion was 42% of those classified as unintended using the TMUP, 60% of those classified as unplanned using the LMUP and 71% of those that women said they had not intended and were very upset about. CONCLUSIONS U.S. and British measures of unintended pregnancy are not directly comparable, and a measure combining intentions and feelings may better predict pregnancy outcomes.
Correlates of Young Men's Intention to Discuss Birth Control with Female Partners

CONTEXT Heterosexually active men who wish to prevent conception, but are not willing to use condoms consistently, need to discuss birth control with female partners. Improving the understanding of correlates of men's intention to have such discussions is one step toward supporting this health-facilitating behavior. METHODS A sample of 372 heterosexually active men aged 18-25 were recruited and surveyed online between December 2010 and June 2011. Men answered questions on attitudes toward, norms regarding and self-efficacy about discussing birth control, and about endorsement of two sexual scripts. Multiple regression analyses tested these measures' associations with intention to discuss birth control, controlling for age and relationship status. RESULTS Attitudes, norms and self-efficacy were each positively associated with men's intention to discuss birth control, accounting for 34% of variance. The more strongly men endorsed a traditional masculinity sexual script, the less likely they were to intend to discuss birth control (coefficient, -0.2). Endorsement of an alternative, gender-equitable "sex-positive woman" script, which emphasizes sexual pleasure and emotional connection as goals for both partners, had no association with intention. CONCLUSION Strategies that merit further exploration as potential supports for men's intention to discuss birth control include improving men's self-efficacy and positive attitudes and norms pertaining to such discussions, and reducing belief in traditionally masculine sexual scripts or transforming them to include discussing birth control. Future research should work both experimentally and longitudinally to document each element of the process that ends with men's full participation in effective contraceptive use.
A review of the evidence for pathogenic mechanisms that may link periodontitis and diabetes.

AIMS To review the evidence for the molecular and cellular processes that may potentially link periodontal disease and diabetes. The pathogenic roles of cytokines and metabolic molecules (e.g. glucose, lipids) are explored and the role of periodontal bacteria is also addressed. Paradigms for bidirectional relationships between periodontitis and diabetes are discussed and opportunities for elaborating these models are considered. METHODS Database searches were performed using MeSH terms, keywords, and title words. Studies were evaluated and summarized in a narrative review. RESULTS Periodontal microbiota appears unaltered by diabetes and there is little evidence that it may influence glycaemic control. Small-scale clinical studies and experiments in animal models suggest that IL-1b, TNF-a, IL-6, OPG and RANKL may mediate periodontitis in diabetes. The AGE-RAGE axis is likely an important pathway of tissue destruction and impaired repair in diabetes-associated periodontitis. A role for locally activated pro-inflammatory factors in the periodontium, which subsequently impact on diabetes, remains speculative. CONCLUSION There is substantial information on potential mechanistic pathways which support a close association between diabetes and periodontitis, but there is a real need for longitudinal clinical studies using larger patient groups, integrated with studies of animal models and cells/tissues in vitro.
Multi-Mode LSTM Network for Energy-Efficient Speech Recognition

We newly introduce a novel processing scenario of long short-term memory (LSTM) network for the energy-efficient speech recognition. Compared to the conventional single-mode processing based on the fixed computing scheme, the proposed LSTM processing contains multiple operating cells providing attractive tradeoff between the recognition accuracy and the energy consumption. For the case study, the state-of-the-art LSTM network is modified to have two types of processing cells, strong and weak cells, which are dedicated to the accuracy-aware and energy-aware LSTM sequences, respectively. By allocating as many weak cells with low energy as possible, experimental results show that the proposed work saves the energy consumption for speech recognition by 75% compared to the original network.
Risk management and harm reduction among gay men in Sydney

Drawing on extensive behavioural data from Sydney, this paper examines some of the strategies that gay men have devised to manage (as distinct from eliminate) risk of HIV transmission. Apart from negotiated safety and positive-positive sex, which have been practised for some time, the evidence presented here confirms the role of a number of other harm-reduction strategies, some safer than others. The challenge now for educators, both locally and elsewhere, is how to sustain safe sex and where appropriate build harm reduction into gay men's health education in the face of diverse and ever-changing gay communities. Recent rises in HIV infections have increased uncertainty and serve as a timely reminder that there are no easy solutions to what remain complex and difficult-to-grasp phenomena.
The Analysis of CNN Structure for Image Denoising

This paper proposes an optimal structure of a convolutional neural network (CNN) for image denoising by analyzing the conventional CNN denoisers. There are three main factors that can determine the denoising performance of the CNN denoiser: the number of feature dimensions of each convolution layer, the number of convolution layers, and the usage of dilated convolution. We analyze the denoising performance variations of the conventional CNN denoiser depending on the above three factors and propose the optimal structure of the CNN denoiser. Experimental results showed that the above three factors have a high correlation with the denoising performance. Based on the experimental results, we could provide the optimal structure of the CNN denoiser.
Periodontitis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: What Do We Know?

BACKGROUND Currently, in the field of rheumatology, there is much attention given towards the possible causality between periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), specifically regarding the role of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg). This bacterium is unique, having a citrullinating enzyme. Antibodies against citrullinated proteins are rather specific for RA. METHODS Because causality is ultimately tested in longitudinal cohort studies which currently do not exist for periodontitis and RA, this commentary applied Bradford Hill criteria on the existing literature to assess causality as the most likely interpretation of this association. CONCLUSIONS From an epidemiologic point of view, patients with RA have a higher incidence of periodontal disease than individuals without RA. In addition, there is a dose-response pattern in the association between the severity of periodontitis and RA disease activity. There are indications that periodontitis precedes RA, but there is no evidence yet available to show that Pg plays a direct role in this temporal relationship. The role of the unique characteristic of citrullination by Pg remains unexplained. However, in animal models, citrullination by Pg plays a distinct role in the development and aggravation of experimental arthritis. Although the role of Pg in RA remains speculative, a causative role for periodontitis as a chronic inflammatory disease caused by infectious agents in RA seems biologically plausible.