Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rethinking capacity per unit cost

Verdú's seminal work offers an elegant characterization of capacity per unit cost, but many results hold only when a cost-free input symbol is available. Furthermore, optimal transmission strategies under such scenarios typically result in infinitesimal spectral efficiency. We argue that the existence of a cost-free symbol is unrealistic and that the resulting low-rate transmission policies are not applicable to narrowband systems. We therefore examine capacity per cost when no cost-free symbol is available. In this case, the corresponding transmission rates are bounded away from zero. Specifically we propose a cost function for wireless channels that balances both energy and temporal costs. Using this cost function, we explore the capacity per cost regions of single- and multiple-user channels.
Mesenchymal‐epithelial transition in the developing metanephric kidney: Gene expression study by differential display

Summary: The developing metanephric kidney is a convenient model to study molecular events associated with epithelial cell differentiation. To determine the genes involved in the defining event of this process, namely, the conversion of metanephric mesenchyme to the epithelium of the nephron, we applied differential display (DD) techniques. Explants of rat metanephric mesenchymes were induced to condense ex vivo with fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) or to form tubules with FGF2 and conditioned medium (CM) from a cell line (RUB1) of ureteric bud, the renal inductive tissue. Three time points (6, 24, and 72 h) were chosen to track the dynamics of gene expression during morphogenesis. Seventy‐two up‐ or down‐regulated mRNAs were identified, including 36 novel sequences and those of cell cycle regulatory proteins (TGF‐β2, Cyclin D1, p57Kip2), transcription factors (β‐catenin, Sox11, DP1), signaling proteins (SH3‐domain binding protein, G‐protein‐coupled receptor, Ser‐Thr protein kinase), cell adhesion molecules (syndecan‐4, integrin‐β1), and also gene33, H19, SM20, IGFBP5, MAMA receptor, lectin, keratin, β‐tubulin, calreticulin, GRP78, ERp72, MnSoD, thioredoxin, and others. Some have previously been associated with kidney development and serve as good controls for expected changes, while most have not been linked with kidney epithelial cell differentiation. Using thin sections of embryonic kidney and labeled antisense RNA probes, we applied RNA hybridization to confirm the results of DD and related the expression of these genes to specific cell lineages of the developing kidney. These results provide a window into the events that mediate this critical differentiation process and suggest that a limited number of interrelated events direct the epithelial conversion of metanephric mesenchyme. genesis 27:22–31, 2000. Published 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamics in the evolution of sexual traits: losses and gains, radiation and convergence in yellow wagtails (Motacilla flava)

We analyse patterns of genetic diversity and song complexity in the Palaearctic yellow wagtail (Motacilla flava), a highly polytypic species complex. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA show that the complex is polyphyletic, despite parallel plumage variation in western and eastern clades. In the western clade there is genetic structure among southern subspecies, haplotype diversity decreases with latitude, and northern subspecies show evidence of bottlenecking and rapid expansions, as expected from isolation in glacial refugia followed by postglacial colonization. However, northern subspecies, which have more divergent male plumages, lack genetic structure and sing simpler songs. Loss of song complexity and evolution of plumage in founder populations are consistent with the Kaneshiro model, which posits that variation among species is a consequence of founder‐induced shifts in female preference leading to loss of ancestral male sexual traits. Our results suggest possible postglacial founder‐effect mechanisms for the morhological diversification of the yellow wagtail complex.
[Direct and indirect recognition in pig-to-man xenotransplantation].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of direct and indirect recognition in pig-to-man xenotransplantation. METHODS Taken the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLC) from three Neijiang pigs and two humans as stimulators and respondors, the one-way mixed lymphatic reactions (MLR) of xenograft were carried out, and allo- and self-PBLC as control. RESULTS Among the three patterns of MLR, syngeneic was MLR the lowest in proliferation, the allogenic MLR was the highest, and the xenogenic MLR was medium. The PBLCs from humans and pigs were matched on HLA-A, B, DR and DQ by means of modified Terasaki assay. The match on pigs was failure because of the pre-existing natural xenogenic antibody in the testing serum. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the degree of MHC matching still affect the rejection in xenotransplantation, but the present serum assay of MHC matching is not fit for pig.
THE EFFECTS OF VARIOUS DRUGS ON CALCIUM EXCHANGE IN THE ISOLATED GUINEA-PIG LEFT AURICLE.

A study was made of the effects of acetylcholine, adenosine, ryanodine, norepinephrine and strophanthin-K on total calcium content and calcium exchange (during 5-minute exposures to Ca 45 ) in isolated guinea-pig left auricles. No significant change in total calcium content was associated with the change in contractile strength produced by any of these drugs, with the exception of a small decrease in the case of adenosine, which was probably fortuitous. Both acetylcholine and adenosine, at concentation which depressed contraction strength about 80%, significantly reduced the exchange of calcium associated with contraction. Atropine blocked the effects of acetylcholine on both contractility and exchange. Ryanodine, a cardiac depressant with a slower onset of action than acetylcholine and adenosine, caused no detectable change in calcium exchange even though a sufficient concentration was used to cause a depression of contractility almost as great as that produced by the other two drugs. Norepinephrine and strophanthin-K were both shown to cause significant increases in the exchange of calcium associated with contraction during the course of their positive inotropic effects. Modifications of the usual experimental procedure were employed to demonstrate these increases. During the terminal toxic action of strophanthin-K both contractility and exchange of calcium were markedly decreased. Neither norepinephrine nor strophanthin-K altered calcium exchange in quiescent auricles. The results have been discussed from the standpoint of a contraction-dependent exchange of extracellular calcium with a limited fraction of the cellular calcium, termed the "contraction pool. " The results in general are in agreement with the concept that calcium is intimately associated with contraction. However, the causal relationship between drug action and calcium exchange remains obscure.
Spondyloarthritis in African Blacks

To the Editor: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) appears extremely rarely in African black populations1,2. To the best of our knowledge, no population-based data are currently available on the prevalence and incidence of PsA in the African black population in sub-Saharan Africa, including South Africa. In South Africa, hospital-based prevalence studies, almost all of which are done in dermatology departments, show the prevalence of psoriasis to be about 2.8% to 3.5% in whites3. These figures are similar to those shown in other parts of the world4. In a study undertaken in 5 academic hospitals serving the public sector in Johannesburg, 5355 consecutive … Address correspondence to Dr. A.B. Maharaj, Academic Medical Center, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1100 DD, the Netherlands. E-mail: maharaja30{at}ukzn.ac. za
Towards a typology of geographical information systems

Abstract Attempts at classifying geographical information systems (GIS) have typically focused on the task-orientation of particular systems. With the application domain now becoming increasingly ephemeral, there is a need to take a more systematic view of the differences between systems. It is suggested here that a useful perspective to take is one that emphasizes system architecture. Using concepts well established in the wider field of information systems science, we suggest a framework that characterizes a GIS on the three-fold basis of the problem-processor model, database model and interface model adopted.
Preliminary Experience in the Treatment of Pearly Penile Papules with Holmium : YAG laser

Introduction: Pearly penile papules are common, benign lesions that may be a source of concern and embarrassment for many men. Therapeutic options such as electrodessication, shave excision, cryotherapy, and CO2 laser ablation have demonstrated variable degrees of efficacy, and may result in scarring and hypopigmentation. Holmium: YAG lasers are widely available to most urologists, and have operational characteristics that make them safe for treating cutaneous lesions. Aim: We herein describe three Caucasian males with extensive pearly penile papules, treated using the Holmum: YAG laser. Methods: Following treatment, patients were followed for 8, 13, and 16 months. Results: All patients were treated in the outpatient setting, had an uneventful recovery, did not require complex wound care, and did not develop scarring or hypopigmentation. All three patients were satisfied with their results, which proved to be aesthetically flawless. Conclusions: Holmium: YAG laser ablation appears to be a safe and effective option for treatment of pearly penile papules in Caucasian men. Further experience is warranted, particularly in men with different skin colors and tones.
Microdata Deduplication with Spark

The web is transforming from traditional web to web of data, where information is presented in such a way that it is readable by machines as well as human. As a part of this transformation, every day more and more websites implant structured data, e.g. product, person, organization, place etc., into the HTML pages. To implant the structured data different encoding vocabularies, such as RDFa, microdata, and microformats, are used. Microdata is the most recent addition to these structure data embedding standards, but it has gained more popularity over other formats in less time. Similarly, progress has been made in the extraction of the structured data from web pages, which has resulted in open source tools such as Apache Any23 and non-profit Common Crawl project. Any23 allows extraction of microdata from the web pages with less effort, whereas Common Crawl extracts data from websites and provides it publically for download. In fact, the microdata extraction tools only take care of parsing and data transformation steps of data cleansing. Although with the help of these state-of-the-art extraction tools microdata can be easily extracted, before the extracted data used in potential applications, duplicates should be removed and data unified. Since microdata origins from arbitrary web resources, it has arbitrary quality as well and should be treated correspondingly. The main purpose of this thesis is to develop the effective mechanism for deduplication of microdata on the web scale. Although the deduplication algorithms have reached relative maturity, however, these algorithm needs to be executed on specific datasets for fine-tuning. In particular, the need to identify the most suitable length of sorting key in sorted-based deduplication approach. The present work identifies the optimum length of the sorting key in the context of extracted product microdata deduplication. Due to large volumes of data to be processed continuously, Apache Spark will be used for implementing the necessary procedures.
Fatal chronic cutaneous herpes simplex associated with thymoma and hypogammaglobulinaemia

A patient is described who suffered from cutaneous herpes simplex for 9 years. A raediastinal tumour had been demonstrated radiologically 10 years prior to the onset of the skin disease and at autopsy the tumour was identified as a spindle cell thymoma. The patient also had hypogammaglobulinaemia.
The Flypaper Effect Phenomenon: Evidence from Indonesia

Abstract One of the implementations of autonomy policy is fiscal decentralization. The State gives chance to every local government for improving its fiscal ability. Original Local Government Revenue (PAD) is fiscal potency owned local government to improve local government independence to promote welfare to society. To accelerate fiscal independence of local government equally, the central government sends transfer funds in the form of General Allocation Funds (DAU) which aims to comply local government expenditure that has not fulfilled. However, problems faced is local government expenditure management still much more affected by DAU rather than PAD. It indicates that local government still depends on central government to comply expenditure called flypaper effect. This research aims to analyze the effect of PAD and DAU on local government expenditure by identifying whether occurs flypaper on provincial government in Indonesia. The method used in this research is analysis regression of panel data with Generalized Least Square (GLS). Data used is panel data from 34 provinces in Indonesia between 2008 and 2017. Based on results estimation, PAD and DAU positively and significantly affect local government expenditure. However, the DAU more affects local government expenditure compared with PAD. This exhibits that flypaper effect phenomenon occurred on provincial government in Indonesia which local government expenditure response more affected by DAU than PAD. It is happening due to the provincial government still relies on central government to comply its expenditure illustrated with high DAU transfers. This research concludes that decentralization policy in Indonesia is not effective yet. Thus, the government needs to adjust decentralization policy in order to improve regional fiscal independence.
COMPETITIVIDADE E EVOLUÇÃO DA BOVINOCULTURA DE CORTE NO ESTADO DA BAHIA: UM ESTUDO BASEADO EM RECURSOS ESTRATÉGICOS

This paper presents a study of beef cattle farms competitiveness and performance in the State of Bahia, based on the Resources Based View - RBV. It examines sector general conditions and innovation opportunities in technological, organizational and marketing contexts, identifies productive resources and classifies them in the framework of strategic relevance requirements of RBV. Then, presents a multi-case study in ten rural properties, which are classified into groups of high, moderate and low performance. For each group, we evaluate the presence and influence of resources on generating competitive advantages and the performance of rural properties.
Patterning Effects in All-Optical Clock Recovery: Novel Analysis Using a Clock Remodulation Technique

In this paper, we present a complete study of the pattern sequence length influence in the optical clock recovery (OCR) process using passive filtering. For this analysis, we use a commercial Fabry-Perot filter (FPF) in front of a semiconductor optical amplifier. A 40-GHz optical clock is then recovered from an optical data stream at 40 Gbit/s. The recovered clock (RCK) quality relies on an original technique based on the remodulation by the optical clock with electrical data. Then we perform two studies in order to explore the dependency of the RCK on patterning effects: first, we carry out a numerical simulation of the tandem filter and amplifier, in order to study its performance as an OCR process. The impact of each component of the clock recovery process is clearly observable via the quality of the remodulated clock. Second, we experimentally study the sensitivity of the OCR to the incoming pattern length using phase noise and bit-error-rate measurements in an optical communication system environment. This study allows an in-depth study of this simple and frequently used OCR configuration, and outlines some limitations of the technique, linked to the compatibility between the finesse of the FPF, the pattern length, and the general optical communication system properties.
Fabrication Study of Solid Microneedles Array Using HNA

This paper presents an approach for the process development of the out of plane silicon microneedles array fabrication. This study utilizes the wet etching technology using HNA to build a structure of sharp-tipped microneedles; biconvex-conical shaped. The height of the fabricated microneedle is 41.8 mum and the tip radii is 1.4 mum. Investigation on the effect of varying the mask opening window had been carried out. The design approach and the fabrication process are well explained here.
Relationships of fasting and postload glucose levels to sex and alcohol consumption. Are American Diabetes Association criteria biased against detection of diabetes in women?

OBJECTIVE To compare, in men and women, the prevalence of undiagnosed type 2 diabetes assessed using criteria from the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the World Health Organization (WHO) and to investigate risk factors associated with fasting and 2-h postload plasma glucose. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data from two companion surveys of Europeans, South Asians, and Afro-Caribbeans in west London were used. A total of 4,367 men and women aged 40-64 years who were not known to have diabetes underwent an oral glucose tolerance test after an overnight fast. The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was estimated using the ADA (fasting plasma glucose > or = 7.0 mmol/l) and WHO (2-h postload glucose > or = 11.1 mmol/l) criteria for epidemiologic studies. The association of body fat and usual alcohol intake with plasma glucose and diabetes prevalence was assessed. RESULTS Compared with the WHO criterion, the ADA criterion gave a higher prevalence of diabetes in men (6.4 vs. 4.7%) but a lower prevalence in women (3.3 vs. 4.2%). In Afro-Caribbeans, the sex difference in diabetes prevalence was reversed. Women had significantly lower fasting glucose than men despite higher 2-h glucose levels. Alcohol intake was positively associated with fasting glucose in men and women but not with 2-h glucose levels. CONCLUSIONS The new ADA criterion, based on fasting glucose alone, does not take account of sex differences in metabolic response to fasting or possible artifactual effects on fasting glucose. With the ADA criterion, alcohol intake was a significant risk factor for diabetes in our study population; this was not the case with the WHO criterion.
The Multi-Channel E-Service Quality for Thai Electronic Tourism

This research identifies the multi-channel electronic service quality of Thai e-tourism including various online channels such as websites, social networks, smartphones, and Internet of Things, and their impact on cognitive image. The analysis of the factors of electronic tourism based on the survey from Thai and foreign tourists, the service quality of multichannel E-tourism consists of 8 factors: tangibility, responsiveness, reliability, trust, accessibility, ease of use, real time IoT, and security. The results of the study showed that the tourists considered the service quality via the Internet of Things technology important because of immediate responsiveness through devices and applications which can create cognitive and affective image.
Sequential Digital Predistortion for Two-stage Envelope Tracking Power Amplifier

To improve the efficiency of the main power amplifier, the envelope tracking technique is widely used. However, due to the reduced gain of the main amplifier by the envelope tracking, the driving power of the drive amplifier requires to be larger and the amplifier should be optimized accordingly for an efficiency operation. In this letter, a two stage envelope tracking power amplifier is studied for the purpose. The envelope tracking technique is applied to both the drive and main power amplifiers to improve efficiency of the drive amplifier, which is usually operated at a low efficiency. The experimental results show that the efficiency of the total system is improved by 2.1% while the efficiency of the drive amplifier is increased by 8%. In addition, to overcome a serious non-linearity due to the dual envelope tracking operation, a new sequential digital predistortion architecture is proposed and using this architecture, the linearity specification of the long term evolution signal has been successfully satisfied.
Recent advances in palliative radiotherapy.

The end-of-life care of cancer patients is documented to have started in the Middle Ages, and therapeutic radiation has been used to address symptoms caused by tumors since shortly after the discovery of the X-ray by Roentgen in the late 1800s [1,2]. The most common manifestations of terminal cancer have remained consistent over the past century, and they include painful bone metastases, spinal cord compression, brain metastases, locally advanced and metastatic lung disease, and liver metastases. Though these clinical scenarios still cause extensive suffering worldwide, the emphasis on palliative radiotherapy research and treatment standards has only just begun to increase in the past several years. Recent publications have come to delineate long-overdue palliative radiotherapy treatment guidelines and to provide an assessment of the most prudent means by which to utilize newer treatment technologies to provide palliative relief [3 & ,4]. Many of these reports have been spurred by the efforts of the Third International Consensus Conference Workshop on Palliative Radiotherapy in 2010 [5].
Antigens of Brucella abortus S19 immunodominant for bovine lymphocytes as identified by one- and two-dimensional cellular immunoblotting

Cellular immune responses are influential for protection against intracellular bacteria such as brucellae. Therefore, identification of Brucella abortus antigens that activate primed bovine lymphocytes is fundamental for discerning the breadth of cellular response in bovine brucellosis. Potentially antigenic components of B. abortus S19 were isolated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by nitrocellulose blotting. Specific one-dimensional blot segments induced proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes from all 25 of the vaccinated cattle tested and were defined as immunodominant. Individual proteins that stimulated lymphocyte proliferation were further characterized by two-dimensional cellular immunoblotting by two different approaches. Individual one-dimensional stimulatory blot segments were eluted, concentrated, and then subjected to two-dimensional cellular immunoblotting. Alternatively, entire two-dimensional gels containing all of the B. abortus components were blotted and nitrocellulose sections containing individual proteins were assayed for lymphocyte activation. Thirty-eight Brucella proteins that induced lymphocyte proliferation were resolved by both procedures. Phenotypic analysis of the proliferating cell population demonstrated the presence of CD4+, CD8+, and immunoglobulin M+ lymphocytes. Two immunogenic proteins, 12 and 31 kDa, identified by two-dimensional cellular immunoblotting, were subjected to partial N-terminal amino acid analysis. The 12-kDa protein was within the area of greatest lymphocyte proliferation, while the 31-kDa protein was chosen for comparison with a 31-kDa protein previously reported by others. A search of the National Biomedical Research Foundation protein data bank showed that the sequences were not homologous with other known proteins. Identification of Brucella proteins immunogenic for bovine lymphocytes provides an important step in distinguishing the various proteins involved in pathogenicity and/or disease resistance.