Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Integration of web-based forms with ontologies in the semantic web

The notion of forms as a way of organizing and presenting data has been used since the beginning of the World Wide Web. Web-based forms have evolved together with the development of new markup languages, in which it is possible to provide validation scripts as part of the form code to test whether the intended meaning of the form is correct. However, for the form designer, part of this intended meaning frequently involves other features which are not constraints by themselves, but rather attributes emerging from the form, which provide plausible conclusions in the context of incomplete and potentially inconsistent information. As the value of such attributes may change in presence of new knowledge, we call them defeasible attributes. In previous works, we extended traditional web-based forms to incorporate defeasible attributes as part of the knowledge that can be encoded by the form designer. In this article, we recast that approach to make it suitable for the Semantic Web initiative; we then propose the specification of defeasible attributes by means of possibly inconsistent Description Logics ontologies known as δ-ontologies. Thus the value of a defeasible attribute will be associated to the membership of an individual to a certain concept. As the ontologies involved in the definition of defeasible attributes may be inconsistent, a dialectical analysis will be performed to take into account all the reasons in favor and against the value of such defeasible attributes.
AN OVERALL LTCC PACKAGE SOLUTION FOR X- BAND TILE T/R MODULE

An overall Low-Temperature Co-flred Ceramics (LTCC) package solution for X-band T/R module has been presented in this paper. This tile type package contributes to a dramatic reduction in size and weight of the T/R module. Moreover, an obvious merit of ceramic housing is better consistency of Coe-cient of Thermal Expansion (CTE), compared with the traditional combination of ceramic board and metal housing. The schematic diagram and 3-D structure of the T/R module have been presented and a novel vertical interconnection based on Ball Grid Array (BGA) has been proposed to connect vias in the lid and those in the stage of the main LTCC pan. The LTCC T/R module has been fabricated and measured. It is compact in size (20 £ 20 £ 2:6mm 3 ) and has a weight of 3.5g. The measured transmit output power is 33§1dBm in the frequency range from 8.8GHz to 10.4GHz, and the measured receive gain and Noise Figure are 29{30.5dB and 2.6{2.8dB, respectively.
The Jitter-Noise Duality and Anatomy of an Eye Diagram

We compare two approaches where the structure of the eye diagram is considered either as a timing uncertainty or alternatively a vertical uncertainty. We show that only the second view allows accurate BER evaluation when the eye is seriously impaired. It follows from BER definition that its proper evaluation should bedelay lock loop based on considering the two portions of the eye diagram, and by their separate integration. With such understanding of BER, it turns out that the jitter-induced vertical noise can be considered same way as the signal’s ISI, although correlated with the latter. We propose a method of statistical simulation based on this view, where the effect of Tx jitter and ISI is considered together. We use the probability mass functions (PMF) to represent both ISI and jitter contributions, which makes the algorithm simple and physically clear. Some interesting effects can be explained based on the proposed approach, for example jitter increase with growing PRBS order of the input pattern.
Company OPTICAL PROPERTIES AND KINETIC ROUGHENING INFLUENCE ON DISPERSIVE CASIMIR AND

Casimir and van der Waals dispersive forces between real material surfaces can be strongly influenced by surface roughness and the frequency dependent dielectric functions of the interacting materials. The Lifshitz theory allows calculations of these forces between two flat plates if the frequency dependent dielectric function is known. Even in this case in order to compare different measurements of the Casimir force the accuracy must be higher than the force uncertainty arising as a result of the variation in the measured dielectric functions for a given material. Therefore, when we are dealing with dispersive forces between real materials, precise characterization of the particular interacting samples is critical. For this reason the effects of optical properties and surface roughness on dispersive forces will be first discussed in this review paper. Finally, we will compare research results among various research groups, at relatively large surface separations where roughness plays insignificant role, in order to show the level of consensus that has developed in this field in the recent years.
Response of river‐dominated delta channel networks to permanent changes in river discharge

Using numerical experiments, we investigate how river‐dominated delta channel networks are likely to respond to changes in river discharge predicted to occur over the next century as a result of environmental change. Our results show for a change in discharge up to 60% of the initial value, a decrease results in distributary abandonment in the delta, whereas an increase does not significantly affect the network. However, an increase in discharge beyond a threshold of 60% results in channel creation and an increase in the density of the distributary network. This behavior is predicted by an analysis of an individual bifurcation subject to asymmetric water surface slopes in the bifurcate arms. Given that discharge in most river basins will change by less than 50% in the next century, our results suggest that deltas in areas of increased drought will be more likely to experience significant rearrangement of the delta channel network.
Adjoint Sensitivity of the Nino-3 Surface Temperature to Wind Forcing

Theevolutionof sea surface temperature (SST) overthe easternequatorialPacific playsa significant rolein the intense tropicalair-sea interaction there and is of central importance to the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. Effects of atmospheric fields (especially wind stress) and ocean state on the eastern equatorial Pacific SST variations are investigated using the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model (MITgcm) and its adjoint model, which can calculate the sensitivities of a cost function (in this case the averaged 0-30-m temperature in the Nino-3 region during an ENSO event peak) to previous atmospheric forcing fields and ocean state going backward in time. The sensitivity of the Nino-3 surface temperature to monthly zonal wind stress in preceding months can be understood by invoking mixed layer heat balance, ocean dynamics, and especially linear equatorial wave dynamics. The maximum positive sen- sitivity of the Nino-3 surface temperature to local wind forcing usually happens ;1-2 months before the peak of the ENSO event and is hypothesized to be associated with the Ekman pumping mechanism. In model experiments,itsmagnitudeiscloselyrelatedtothesubsurfaceverticaltemperaturegradient,exhibitingstrong event-to-eventdifferenceswithstrong(weak)positivesensitivityduringLa Nina(strongElNino) events.The adjoint sensitivity to remote wind forcing in the central and western equatorial Pacific is consistent with the standardhypothesisthattheremotewindforcingaffectstheNino-3surfacetemperature indirectlybyexciting equatorial Kelvin and Rossby waves and modulating thermocline depth in the Nino-3 region. The current adjoint sensitivity study is consistent with a previous regression-based sensitivity study derived from per- turbation experiments. Finally, implication for ENSO monitoring and prediction is also discussed.
Pollination Services Provided by Melipona quadrifasciata Lepeletier (Hymenoptera: Meliponini) in Greenhouses with Solanum lycopersicum L. (Solanaceae)

Stingless bees are considered particularly promising for use as commercial pollinators, but studies testing the effectiveness of these bees in pollinating grape tomatoes in greenhouses have not yet been made. This study aimed to analyse the floral biology of the grape tomato and evaluate whether additional pollination performed by Melipona quadrifasciata Lepeletier, 1836 generates an effective increase in production and improves the quality of this variety of tomato when grown in greenhouses. The research was conducted in two greenhouses located in Araguari, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. In one, we only used a mechanical method of pollination and, in the other, pollination by the mechanical method was associated with pollination performed by the bees. The productivity of the greenhouses was compared by recording the number of flowers and fruits formed on different branches, and the quality of the tomatoes was assessed by analysing their size, weight, number of seeds and total sugar content. Tomatoes originating from flowers visited by M. quadrifasciata workers produced about 47% more seeds and their concentration of sugar was approximately 14% higher. These results suggest that using M. quadrifasciata for tomato pollination shows promise, since positive effects were generated on fruit quality.
Media strategies and their influence in communicating information on Female Genital Mutilation: a case of Meru community in Tharaka District

Purpose: To establish the influence of media strategies in communicating information about female genital mutilation effectively among the Meru community of Tharaka District.Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive Survey approach to research.Findings: The correlation analysis revealed that media ambassadors and local language were positive and statistically significant in influencing effective communication. The correlation analysis also revealed that sheng language and public participation were not statistically significant in influencing effective communication.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The findings of this study will be important to various groups. To start with, the anti FGM campaigners will benefit from this study as they will identify the flaws and advantages of using media strategies to communicate information on FGM. Secondly, the media companies will be in a position to establish which media strategies are in effective communication of FGM. Thirdly, the administrators in Tharaka District will be in position to identify with the Meru community in their region since they will get first hand information from the people. Fourthly, this study will be important to other scholars and researchers and will form a reference point for anyone who will be investigating and would want some knowledge on this topic. This study will bring out scholarly gaps, which will require the attention of other researchers.
Information architecture for the semantic web

L'objectiu es desenvolupar i avaluar una serie de components de l'arquitectura de la informacio per a la web semantica. Aquest components son generics i permeten als usuaris explorar conjunts de dades semantiques sense necessitat de coneixer l'estructura ni tenir coneixements tecnics. S'ha desenvolupat seguint una metodologia de disseny centrat en l'usuari
Problems (and solutions) in the measurement of policy diffusion mechanisms

Abstract A growing literature in public policy, comparative politics and international relations has studied how the policies of one unit (e.g. country, federal state or city) are influenced by the policies of other units – that is, how policies diffuse. This article provides a meta-analysis of 114 studies, demonstrating persisting inconsistencies in the measurement of the mechanisms driving policy diffusion processes. Different indicators are used to measure the same mechanism, and the same indicators are used to measure different mechanisms. To improve this state of affairs, this article puts forward a conceptual structure that serves as a guide for the application of diffusion arguments, a starting point for theoretical refinement and a benchmark to assess measurement validity. In addition to paying more attention to the conceptual consistency of indicators, overcoming the problems currently found in the literature requires the construction of original, innovative research designs instead of the replication of widely used templates.
PRELIMINARY: DO NOT QUOTE International Trade and the Feasibility of Global Climate Change Agreements

Climate change is a classic externality problem that has been analyzed by Shapley and Shubik (1969), Barrett (1994) and others. Their research shows that small players (small countries in our case) have little incentive to participate in cooperative arrangements which either fully or partially internalize externalities. This is because small countries have to undertake costs of their carbon mitigation actions, but being small there result in little improvement in the global climate. Large countries have more incentive to participate as their actions, while costly to them, have a signi cant impact on global temperature change. This work on externalities also suggests that the core of the game with global warming without transferable utility may be empty. Keywords: Global Warming, Carbon Agreements, International Trade JEL Classi cation Numbers: F18, Q54, Q56 Acknowledgment: We are grateful to CIGI for nancial support. We thank Huifang Tian, Yan Dong, Carlo Perroni, Sayantan Ghoshal and to participants at the CESifo conference on "Europe and Global Environmental Negotiations" held in Venice July 14-15, 2008 for helpful comments and suggestions. Correspondence: Raymond Riezman, Department of Economics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242; 319-335-1956 (Fax); raymond-riezman@uiowa.edu (email).
HIGH SPEED FUNCTIONALITY OPTIMIZATION OF FIVE-PHASE PM MACHINE USING 3

Some surrogate-assisted optimization techniques are applied in order to improve the performances of a 5-phase Permanent Magnet (PM) machine in the context of a complex model requiring computation time. An optimal control of four independent currents is proposed in order to minimize the total losses with the respect of functioning constraints. Moreover, some geometrical parameters are added to the optimization process allowing a co-design between control and dimensioning. The effectiveness of the method allows solving the challenge which consists in taking into account inside the control strategy the eddy-current losses in magnets and iron. In fact, magnet losses are a critical point to protect the machine from demagnetization in flux-weakening region. But these losses, which highly depend on magnetic state of the machine, must be calculated by Finite Element Method (FEM) to be accurate. The FEM has the drawback to be time consuming. It is why, a direct optimization using FEM is critical. The response surface method (RSM) and the Efficient Global Optimization (EGO) algorithm consist in approximating the FEM by a surrogate model used directly or indirectly in the optimization process. The optimal results proved the interest of the both methods in this context.
Protective role of onion and garlic on physicochemical alterations and toxicity of heated soybean oil

Fresh and soybean oil heated with or without onion or garlic were analyzed for their physicochemical and toxicological properties. Darkened appearance, off flavors, rancid taste and significant reduction of iodine value was obtained for the heated oil. Acid value, peroxide value, viscosity and concentration of malondialdehyde of the thermooxidized soybean oil were also significantly elevated (P<0.05) with considerable loss of ascorbic acid and tocopherols. Heating with onion and garlic considerably preserved the quality of the oil as indicated in the significant reduction in levels of lipid peroxidation indicators as well as reduction in loss of ascorbic acid and tocopherol. Rats fed with diet containing heated oil for a period of four weeks showed significant elevation (P<0.05) in the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) starting from the second week to the end of the experimental period. This might be as a result of cellular damage caused by peroxides and other lipid oxidation products which allowed the enzymes to leak out from the tissues. The levels of these enzymes were maintained close to the control in rats fed with diets containing heated oil with garlic and onion indicating their protective role in lipid oxidation.
Parse tree-based machine translation for less-used languages

The article describes a method that enhances translation performance of language pairs with a less used source language and a widely used target language. We propose a method that enables the use of parse tree based statistical translation algorithms for language pairs with a less used source language and a widely used target language. Automatic part of speech (POS) tagging algorithms have become accurate to the extent of efficient use in many tasks. Most of these methods are quite easily implementable in most world languages. The method is divided in two parts; the first part constructs alignments between POS tags of source sentences and induced parse trees of target language. The second part searches through trained data and selects the best candidates for target sentences, the translations. The method was not fully implemented due to time constraints; the training part was implemented and incorporated into a functional translation system; the inclusion of a word alignment model into the translation part was not implemented. The empirical evaluation addressing the quality of trained data was carried out on a full implementation of the presented training algorithms and the results confirm the employability of the method.
OF CORPORATE DOWNSIZING PREDICT ACTUAL DOWNSIZING ?

We investigate the determinants of actual downsizing following corporate press announcements of downsizing and find that some announcements are followed by lower growth rates in assets and employees and some are not. Our analysis indicates that the downsizing announcement sometimes implies net downsizing and sometimes implies strategic re-alignment of assets. Firms with increased asset and employee growth rates have higher market to book, a proxy for investment opportunities. In contrast, ex-post decreases in growth occur for firms with lower operating performance. Further we find that during a normal economy, board independence is also associated with lower ex-post growth, but not during a period of economic decline. This suggests a relatively more board involvement in asset restructuring during normal or boom times. The results provide new evidence on the nature of information contained in announcements of asset downsizing and employee layoffs.
Extreme Value Volatility Estimators and Realized Volatility of Istanbul Stock Exchange: Evidence from Emerging Market

This paper evaluates the forecasting performance of alternative models for the one-day ahead forecasts of BIST-30 index (Istanbul Stock Exchange- Borsa Istanbul major index that contains 30 blue-chip stocks) volatility. Realized volatility is used as the relevant benchmark for the evaluation of forecasts. We document evidence, which shows that realized volatility is a less noisy estimator than the daily square benchmark explaining more of the variation in the volatility. In addition; the benefit of using extreme value estimators as volatility proxies are discussed. It is empirically demonstrated that the extreme value estimators are 5 to 8 times more efficient than historical volatility measures. The use of extreme value estimators with simple forecasting models provide better short-term forecasts than the GARCH based volatility forecasts due to higher efficiency of extreme value estimators.
TNM for Lung and Pleural Tumours

Anahtar Kelimeler Akciğer Kanseri; Plevra Kanseri; TNM Abstract In this Study, the historical development of TNM classification and the forming process of final edition of TNM is mentioned. Besides, the use of TNM for small cell lung cancer cases is strongly encouraged in the 7th edition of TNM, and it allows for proposals for new classification to be trialed for a period to assess whether they should be incorporated into future editions.
Whether to Choose Tariffs or Subsidies to Protect a Domestic Industry

The use of tariffs in the absence of subsidies in small countries is an empirical observation which stands in sharp contrast to the theoretical literature of trade policy. We analyze the welfare effects of tariffs and subsidies in a homogeneous good duopoly game with cost asymmetries between the two firms, allowing for distortionary taxation. We find that for reasonable values of the distortion parameter or for a large cost disadvantage of the home firm, a tariff is the optimal policy tool.
Money as Indicator for the Natural Rate of Interest

The natural interest rate is of great relevance to central banks, but it is difficult to measure. We show that in a standard microfounded monetary model, the natural interest rate co-moves with a transformation of the money demand that can be computed from actual data. The co-movement is of a considerable magnitude and independent of monetary policy. An optimizing central bank that does not observe the natural interest rate can take advantage of this co-movement by incorporating the transformed money demand, in addition to the observed output gap and inflation, into a simple but optimal interest rate rule. Combining the transformed money demand and the observed output gap provides the best information about the natural interest rate.
Delineation of geothermally relevant Paleozoic graben structures in the crystalline basement of Switzerland using gravity

Summary Although many are suspected from seismic observations, few and far between Permo-Carboniferous (PC) troughs at the top of the Variscian basement in Switzerland are confirmed by wells. The well-known and geothermally relevant Northern Swiss trough with its top in a depth of about 1.5 km has been first identified in its spatial extension by gravity measurements revealing its smaller density with respect to the crystalline basement. Further south, towards the Alps, paleo-graben structures are expected to occur with a top depth down to about 5 km following the deepening of the top crystalline basement. A sensitivity study using Butterworth filter of different wavelengths applied to realistic 2D and 3D geological models was conducted in order to understand the gravity variation with increasing depth of the top of the troughs. It reveals high potential in the delimitation of the PC troughs at significant depth as well as in tracing their vertical geometry using the different wavelengths. Application on the real data confirms the interpretation of negative anomalies in terms of PC troughs.
The Challenge of Non Fouling Surfaces: Polymers could be the Answer

The immersion of engineered materials in water environment such as sea water, industrial waters (heat exchangers, pipes), body fluids, etc., is always accompanied by an accumulation and colonization of their surfaces with biological matter and water born organism (e.g. bacteria, barnacles, algae, etc.). This process, known as biofouling, affects detrimentally the materials and related devices performance in many applications. For example, biofouling of ship hulls causes reduction in the ship speed and increases the fuel consumption up to ~ 40% more as compared to the non-fouled vehicles [1]. Moreover, the greenhouse gas production increases and the formed biofilms spread the water born organism around the world – a process that could destroy the balance in sensitive ecosystems. Biofouling on measuring instruments used in sea, oceans and on the coast could significantly affect the data quality and the instrument performance [1].