Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Representations of generic algebras and finite groups of Lie type

The complex representation theory of a finite Lie group G is related to that of certain "generic algebras". As a consequence, formulae are derived ("the Comparison Theorem"), relating multiplicities in G to multiplicities in the Weyl group W of G. Applications include an explicit description of the dual (see below) of an arbitrary irreducible complex representation of G. Introduction. Let G be the group of F^-rational points of a (connected) reductive F(/-group G, where F^ is the Galois field of q elements. The purpose of this paper is to study the complex representation theory of G using the "generic algebra" techniques hinted at in our earlier paper [9], to which the present work may be considered a sequel. For any unexplained notation, the reader is referred to [9]. Our main theorem (5.9) compares inner products of certain characters of G with corresponding inner products within its Weyl group W. As an application of this "comparison theorem" we determine precisely what the dual (cf. Curtis [3]) of an arbitrary irreducible character of G is. In order to describe our results explicitly, we mention the principal facts concerning the structure of G which we shall require. Firstly, G has a split (/? , N)-oair in characteristic p (where q = pe). Secondly, each standard parabolic subgroup Pj of G (where J is a subset of the simple roots associated with the (/? , N )-structure) has a standard Levi decomposition Pj = MjUj, where Uj is the "unipotent radical" of Pj, and Mj, the standard Levi component of Pj, is again the group of rational points of a reductive F^-group. For more details, the reader is referred to [9, §1]. The passage between the representation theory of G and of its Weyl group W is accomplished by means of certain "generic algebras", which are associative algebras over a complex polynomial ring and which "specialize" to various complex algebras which have significance for the representation theory of G and IF. More precisely, the "Harish-Chandra principle" (see [9, §1] or §3 below) organizes the representations of G into "series" which consist of the irreducible constituents of a fixed induced cuspidal representation Ind(P7 -» G; D) (where PL is a parabolic subgroup of G and D is a cuspidal representation of ML). In [9], the constituents of a single series were studied by elucidating the structure of the endomorphism algebra of IndiP, -» G; D). In §1 of the present work we make explicit the connection between the decomposition of induced representations and the representation theory of the Received by the editors December 20, 1982. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classificution. Primary 20GO5, 20G40; Secondary 16A64, 16A65. ©1983 American Mathematical Society 0002-9947/83 $1.00 + $. 25 per page
Hexavalent chromium reduction in manganese-rich soils by ZVI nanoparticles : the influence of natural organic matter and manganese oxides

Hexavalent chromium reduction by nano Zero-Valent Iron (nZVI) has been proved fast and efficient, mainly due to nanoparticles large specific surface area and high chemical reactivity. In this work the influence of natural organic matter and manganese oxide was investigated, through a set of experimental tests carried out on a real polluted soils naturally rich in manganese. Soil samples were characterized in terms of initial concentration of Cr, Cr(VI), Mn, pH, and TOC and three different nZVI solutions were used (120, 360 and 600 mg nZVI L -1 ) for the treatment. At selected interval times (0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120 min) a slurry sample was filtered and Cr(VI) residual concentration and pH were measured. The same procedure was carried out on an artificial spiked soil, characterized by a similar TOC and poor of Mn. Furthermore the two soils were mixed with different amounts of leonardite, to evaluate the influence of NOM on treatment efficiency.
Recent advances in miniaturized optical gyroscopes

Low-cost chip-scale optoelectronic gyroscopes having a resolution ≤ 10 °/h and a good reliability also in harsh environments could have a strong impact on the medium/high performance gyro market, which is currently dominated by well-established bulk optical angular velocity sensors. The R&D activity aiming at the demonstration of those miniaturized sensors is crucial for aerospace/defense industry, and thus it is attracting an increasing research effort and notably funds. In this paper the recent technological advances on the compact optoelectronic gyroscopes with low weight and high energy saving are reviewed. Attention is paid to both the so-called gyroscope-on-a-chip, which is a novel sensor, at the infantile stage, whose optical components are monolithically integrated on a single indium phosphide chip, and to a new ultra-high Q ring resonator for gyro applications with a configuration including a 1D photonic crystal in the resonant path. The emerging field of the gyros based on passive ring cavities, which have already shown performance comparable with that of optical fiber gyros, is also discussed.
Introduction: innovation in tourism industries

The tourism sector – already one of the fastest growing industries in the world – is currently undergoing extensive change thanks to strong market growth and a transition to more experience-based products. The capacity for firms to innovate and adapt to market developments is crucial to their success, but research-based knowledge on innovation strategies in tourism remains scarce. This pioneering Handbook offers timely, original research on innovation within the tourism industry from a number of interdisciplinary and global perspectives.
Lessons from the past : an overview of studies by the University of Maryland and the University of California , Berkeley

Males of Anopheles culicifacies, Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Culex tarsalis were sterilized using chromosomal rearrangements, chemosterilants or irradiation, marked with fluorescent dusts and released to determine their ability for disperse and compete with field males for field females and laboratory strain females. Released males were uncompetitive for field females but supercompetitive for lab-reared females with a similar genetic background; i.e. mating was assortative between field and laboratory populations. Apparently field populations were not freely interbreeding and colonization selected for only that part of the field gene pool that was able to survive and mate under cage conditions. Mating barriers could have a significant impact on the dispersal of genetically engineered characters destined to impede pathogen transmission.
EURASIAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND FINANCE

Creation of a monetary union in any region, regardless of the structure and level of development among countries, carries along certain costs and benefits. This paper explains Mundell’s concept of Optimum Currency Area and criteria that are needed to achieve it. Viewed through the prism of these criteria the EMU is currently far from achieving the OCA confirming the current crisis in Greece and other PIIGS countries. The example of Greece and shortcomings that contributed to its current crisis represents the biggest cost and a break-even point for the future of the monetary union. However, it is encouraging that Greece is not alone in its problems, since various funds for help have been established in a relatively short period of time. The reason for this is certainly a huge cost if any country should leave the union and the spillover effect that it would cause. Certainly serious transformations can be expected and the result should be a stronger union with better control from supra-national level.
Directly Elected Mayors vs. Council Appointed Mayors – Which Effects on Local Government Systems?: A Comparison between Italy and Spain

This chapter compares the Italian and the Spanish case discussing the influence of having elected or appointed mayors on local government systems. Five elements of the local government systems are compared: the electoral system and its influences on the political composition of the local government; the local government structure and the distribution of functions and powers between Mayor and council; the role of political parties; scrutiny of executive and accountability; citizen participation. Our comparative analysis highlights that overall directly elected mayors have ensured better efficiency in terms of quicker and faster decision making processes, even if mostly at the expenses of democratic representation. Having direct or appointed mayors also impacted on accountability and legitimacy patterns. However, all these effects depended not only on the way mayor is elected, but mostly on other mechanisms, such as, for example, the strong majority prize provided by the electoral law and the bond of coexistence existing between the mayor and the council.
The real exchange rate-foreign direct investment controversy in South Africa: an application of ARDL approach

This paper examines the relationship between real exchange rate and foreign direct investment. We apply autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing method to estimate short and long-run relationships between the series in South Africa over the period of 1987-2016. The results reveal long-run cointegration relationships among variables are confirmed, implying real exchange rate, domestic market size stimulate the foreign direct investment in the long run. Furthermore, there is significant Granger unidirectional causality foreign direct investment to real exchange rate in short and long run and from market size to trade openness in a short run. This finding further suggests that the exchange rate instability are likely to be substantially harmful to a positive effect of FDI and should be avoided in South Africa.
A Dynamic Autoregressive Expectile for Time-Invariant Portfolio Protection Strategies

"Constant proportion portfolio insurance" (CPPI) is nowadays one of the most popular techniques for portfolio insurance strategies. It simply consists of reallocating the risky part of a portfolio with respect to market conditions, via a leverage parameter - called the multiple - guaranteeing a predetermined floor. We propose to introduce a conditional time-varying multiple as an alternative to the standard unconditional CPPI method, directly linked to actual risk management problematics. This "ex ante" approach for the conditional multiple aims to diversify the risk model associated, for example, with the expected shortfall (ES) or extreme risk measure estimations. First, we recall the portfolio insurance principles, and main properties of the CPPI strategy, including the time-invariant portfolio protection (TIPP) strategy, as introduced by Estep and Kritzman (1988). We emphasize the existence of an upper bound on the multiple, for example to hedge against sudden drops in the market. Then, we provide the main properties of the conditional multiples for well-known financial models including the discrete-time portfolio rebalancing case and Levy processes to describe the risky asset dynamics. For this purpose, we precisely define and evaluate different gap risks, in both conditional and unconditional frameworks. As a by-product, the introduction of discrete or random time portfolio rebalancing allows us to determine and/or estimate the density of durations between rebalancements. Finally, from a more practical and statistical point of view due to trading restrictions, we present the class of Dynamic AutoRegressive Expectile (DARE) models for estimating the conditional multiple. This latter approach provides useful complementary information about the risk and performance associated with probabilistic approaches to the conditional multiple.
PRESENCE AND ABUNDANCE OF PUBLIC INTEREST BACTERIA IN SEDIMENTS from THE UPPER COMPARTMENTS OF BARRA BONITAS RESERVOIRs, SÃO PAULO - brazil (Tietê AND Piracicaba RIVERS)

O reservatorio de Barra Bonita esta em uma regiao demografica altamente densa e recebe altas cargas de esgoto diariamente in natura que sao transportados principalmente pelos rios Piracicaba e Tiete. Este fato provocou o comprometimento de recursos hidricos disponiveis para consumo humano e irrigacao de plantacao, aumentando assim consideravelmente o risco de doencas transmitidas pela agua. E sabido que altas densidades de microorganismos de origem fecais se acumulam entre os sedimentos nas partes mais profundas dos ecossistemas aquaticos.Com o objetivo de determinar a presenca e abundância de microorganismos de interesse publico em amostras de sedimentos recentes, amostras de analise foram retiradas dos comportamentos de entrada principal dos reservatorios (rios Tiete e Piracicaba) e na regiao de confluencia entre ambos.As amostras foram analisadas pelo kit Chromocult, determinando a presenca e abundância de coliformes, Escherichia coli e Salmonellasp.Os resultados indicam que ha uma alta concentracao de Salmonela em todas as estacoes de coleta mostrando mas condicoes sanitarias e ambientais e considerando as inter-relacoes entre a coluna de agua e sedimentos, ha a possibilidade de comprometer as atividades recreativas e a irrigacao de vegetal.
NEURAL FUZZY NETWORK-SUPPORTED GENERATION OF LINGUISTIC KNOWLEDGE FOR UNDERSTANDING OF SPATIAL DECISION MAKING

This paper discusses the understanding of linguistic knowledge based on two aspects: importance and uncertainty for which people use linguistic knowledge to simulate the process of spatial decision making. The linguistic knowledge described in this paper is represented as an If-Then rule base, which is generated from spatial information (GIS data or remote sensing data) through a proposed adaptive neural fuzzy network learning. Our goal is to use these If-Then rules instead of numerical values in the analytical models when uncertainty is involved in data. Such a method is expected to solve realistic problems in natural resource analysis and management.
Tracking and Identifying of Multiple Targets

There are many statistical methods of tracking single and multiple targets; this manuscript will focus on the state estimation problem. Ideally, a generalization of the recursive Bayes non-linear filter would track and resolve the state(s) of single or multiple targets, but that is currently computationally intractable. The Probability Hypothesis Density (PHD) makes the tracking problem computationally feasible by propagating only the first-order multi-target statistical moments by using a particle filter implementation for the PHD. The problem then becomes one of estimating the targets’ state based on the output of the PHD when using a particle filter implementation. This paper describes one heuristic method for obtaining a state estimator from the PHD. The approach used in this paper, based on the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm, views the PHD distribution as a mixture distribution, and the particles as an i.i. d. sampling from the mixture distribution. Using this, a maximum likelihood estimator for the parameters of the distribution can be generated. The EM seems to work fairly well, particularly when targets are well spaced.
Macroscopic evaluation of wound healing activity of the Persian shallot, Allium hirtifolium in rat

Wound is a break in the outer layer of skin. There are several different methods to provoke wound healing process, consisting topically or orally administration of medicinal drugs or herbal remedies. Persian shallot, Allium hirtifolium which belongs to the same genus of garlic,naturally grows in different parts of Iran. In this study, we have avaluated the wound healing activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of A . hirtifolium Boiss. Four bilateral full-thickness wounds (2 on each side) were made on the dorsal area of four adult albino rats weighing 165±35 gr under general anesthesia. Right side wounds were treated in experimental groups,while left side wounds were considered as control littermates. One day after surgery, a gellike 1:1 mixture of A. hirtifolium extract and methylcellulose were topically applied (100 mg/kg/day) to the experimental wounds while the wounds in control groups were treated with the extract-free gel for 12 days. At days 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12, digital photos of wounds were taken using of Scion image software, for analyzing the percentage of wound contraction, epithelialisation and speed of healing. The results revealed that A. hirtifolium can accelerate wound healing by increasing the rate of epithelialisation. We concluded that A. hirtifolium extract may be clinically useful in management of open wounds treatment procedures.
LHC, Astrophysics and Cosmology

In this paper we discuss the impact on cosmology of recent results obtained by the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) experiments in the 2011-2012 runs, respectively at √ s = 7 and 8 TeV. The capital achievement of LHC in this period has been the discovery of a spin-0 particle with mass 126 GeV/c 2 , very similar to the Higgs boson of the Standard Model of Particle Physics. Less exciting, but not less important, negative results of searches for Supersymmetric particles or other exotica in direct production or rare decays are discussed in connection with particles and V.H. E. astronomy searches for Dark Matter.
Reach‐scale sediment transfers: an evaluation of two morphological budgeting approaches

This paper compares two approaches used to derive measures of annual sediment transfers within a 1 km long piedmont reach of the gravel‐bed River Coquet in Northumberland, northern England. The techniques utilize: (i) channel planform and cross‐section surveys based on a theodolite/electronic distance measurement (EDM) survey of 21 monumented channel cross‐sections and channel and gravel bar margins; and (ii) theodolite‐EDM survey generating a series of x,y,z coordinates, from which digital elevation models (DEMs) of the reach were constructed. Calculating the difference between DEM surfaces provided a measure of volumetric change between surveys carried out during the spring of 1999 and 2000. The use of kriging in DEM generation and differencing permits computation of estimate variances and conﬁdence intervals for sediment transfer. Error analysis, validating the DEMs using surveyed cross‐sections, indicated a mean error between surveyed and DEM‐generated cross‐sections of around twice the value of the D50 of the surface sediment in the reach. Comparison of sediment volumes derived from the two approaches suggests that, compared with the DEM method, monumented cross‐sections underestimate the magnitude of volumetric changes that occur within the reach. The cross‐section approach relies on a simplistic integration of the volumes, whereas DEM differencing provides an estimate at a resolution under the control of the analyst. Furthermore, the cross‐section approach does not permit a reliable estimate of the uncertainty of the volumes calculated. In addition, the DEM methodology based on the morphological unit scale provides an explicit identiﬁcation of spatial patterns of erosion and deposition, a feature that cross‐section‐based approaches may fail to include. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of size and defects on the elasticity of silicon nanocantilevers

The size-dependent elastic behavior of silicon nanocantilevers and nanowires, specifically the effective Young's modulus, has been determined by experimental measurements and theoretical investigations. The size dependence becomes more significant as the devices scale down from micro- to nano-dimensions, which has mainly been attributed to surface effects. However, discrepancies between experimental measurements and computational investigations show that there could be other influences besides surface effects. In this paper, we try to determine to what extent the surface effects, such as surface stress, surface elasticity, surface contamination and native oxide layers, influence the effective Young's modulus of silicon nanocantilevers. For this purpose, silicon cantilevers were fabricated in the top device layer of silicon on insulator (SOI) wafers, which were thinned down to 14 nm. The effective Young's modulus was extracted with the electrostatic pull-in instability method, recently developed by the authors (H Sadeghian et al 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 221903). In this work, the drop in the effective Young's modulus was measured to be significant at around 150 nm thick cantilevers. The comparison between theoretical models and experimental measurements demonstrates that, although the surface effects influence the effective Young's modulus of silicon to some extent, they alone are insufficient to explain why the effective Young's modulus decreases prematurely. It was observed that the fabrication-induced defects abruptly increased when the device layer was thinned to below 100 nm. These defects became visible as pinholes during HF-etching. It is speculated that they could be the origin of the reduced effective Young's modulus experimentally observed in ultra-thin silicon cantilevers.
Finding the Minimum Randic Index

We show that finding a graph realization with the minimum Randić index for a given degree sequence is solvable in polynomial time. This is shown by reducing the problem to the minimum weight perfect b-matching problem. Using the b-matching problem, we find the realization with the minimum Randić index, but this graph is not guaranteed to be connected. In this case, we have developed a heuristic to connect the graph using two-switches, which preserves the degree sequence. From our experiments, the Randić index of the realization after our heuristic has a much lower percent difference from the minimum Randić index than that between the original and the minimum Randić index.