Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Education Based on the Health Belief Model on Adherence to Standard Precautions among Operating Room Staff

Background: Operating room staffs are constantly subjected to a wide range of risks and injuries; therefore, any attempt to increase their safety through education is justified and considered a necessity. Objectives: The aim of present study was to determine the effect of education based on the health belief model on adherence to standard precautions in operating room staff. Materials and Methods: This single-arm clinical study was carried out with a single-group, before-after study design. Seventy eligible operating room staff members from a hospital in Islamabad-e-Gharb, a city in Iran, were selected using the census sampling method in 2016 - 2017. The educational program, based on the constructs of the health belief model and related to taking standard precautions, was completed by operating room staff in three separate 30 to 45-minute sessions. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire and six researcher-created questionnaires based on the health belief model constructs and a standard self-efficacy questionnaire. The validity and reliability of all questionnaires were assessed and verified. Data were collected and analyzed before and 4 weeks after the educational program. Both the descriptive and inferential statistics (paired t-test) functions of SPSS version 22 were used to analyze the data. Results: Nearly 85.7% of the operating room staff participants were men, and their mean age was 37.30 ± 6 years. The means and standard deviations of adherence to the standard precautions before and after the education were 35.17 ± 5.65 and 37.71 ± 5.83, respectively. The results of the paired t-test showed that except in case of cues to action, education based on the health belief model brought about significant changes in the constructs of this model, including perceived susceptibility (p = 0.03), perceived severity (P = 0.01), perceived benefits (P = 0.04), perceived barriers (P = 0.01), self-efficacy (P = 0.03), and adherence to standard precautions (P = 0.04). Conclusions: Nursing managers, nurses, and operating room staff can use the findings of this study for education and assessment of adherence to standard precautions.
Text independent voiceprint recognition model based on I-vector

The commonly used text independent Voiceprint recognition models are Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) and GMM and general background model (GMM-UBM). In the equalization vector of the GMM model, both the speaker information and the channel information are included, which results in unstable performance of the recognition system of the GMM and GMM-UBM models. In addition, the recognition ability for cross channel is poor, moreover, both models are limited by the maximum likelihood criterion. So, they employ weak ability to distinguish categories. I-vector is also known as identity authentication vector and has been proposed on the basis of Gaussian super vector in recent years. The method uses one space instead of the two spaces, including the difference between the speakers and the difference between the channels, and it is known as the most cutting-edge speaker modeling technology available today. Therefore, this paper adopted i-vector framework as the speaker recognition model, and studied the main problems that need to be dealt with. The recognition effect of GMM-UBM model and i-vector model were investigated by experiment as well. Through comparison experiments, it is verified that the i-vector recognition model employs a lower error rate of the and is more efficient. In the recognition phase, to quickly recognize the speaker's identity only needs to record two seconds of speech, and the system recognition accuracy reaches 97%.
Evacuation simulation in underground mall by artificial life technology

A new simulation system is developed to consider the evacuation behavior in the underground mall during the disaster. So far, a lot of methods have been proposed to the simulation of evacuation process, whose models are based upon many and complex factors. For more accuracy, it is necessary to introduce new factors such as human psychological factors, visibility, and so on. However, when those models are applied to the real cases, some problems may arise on calculation time and accuracy. A new simulation model is proposed, which can express complex human behavior by a simple model that defines actions probabilistically by introducing artificial life technology
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON COMORBID DEPRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH EPILEPSY

Epilepsy is one of the common neurological disorders that are seen worldwide. It can also affect a personâ€™s social, mental, and physiological well-being and thus restricts and disables the common living of man. Depression as such has been well reported in patients with epilepsy, and also depression itself remains a factor that can lead to the development of epilepsy. Increased rates of suicidal tendencies are also associated with depression both in men and women. Depression is further extended in affecting the quality of life in epileptic patients. Depressive rates are found to have a higher value in epileptic patients when compared with the normal population. This article aims to produce a comprehensive review of the epidemiological considerations, clinical findings and management strategies for depression associated with epilepsy.
Accelerate Convergence of Polarized Random Fourier Feature-Based Kernel Adaptive Filtering With Variable Forgetting Factor and Step Size

The random Fourier feature as an efficient kernel approximation method can effectively suppress the network growth of the traditional kernel-based adaptive filtering algorithm. Polarized random Fourier feature kernel least-mean-square(PRFFKLMS) remarkably improved the accuracy performance of random Fourier feature-based kernel least-mean-square algorithm and become the most representative random Fourier feature-based least-mean-square algorithm. In this paper, we studied the method that can improve the convergence speed of random Fourier feature-based least-mean-square algorithm. Based on the variable forgetting factor and variable step size strategy, three algorithm are proposed. The computational complexity of proposed algorithms are also given. The simulation results show that compared with PRFFKLMS algorithm, the convergence speed of the proposed algorithm is significantly improved.
Introductory Chapter: Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) remains a crucial unsolved problem in the field of neurosciences, being also a serious cause of suffering for millions of patients worldwide affecting the quality of life, the personal and social economy, and the psychosomatic homeostasis substantially in the majority of the patients. The etiopathological background of the disease, which is a progressive inflammation of the CNS [1, 2], inducing demyelination in the white matter and degenerative alterations in the gray matter in various areas of the brain hemispheres, the cerebellum, the brain stem, and the spinal cord, may provoke a multitude of polymorphic clinical phenomena inducing a variable type of physical, mental, and social disability in the suffering people [3, 4]. The incidence of MS varies considerably across geographic regions, with high rates in high latitude and low in the tropical zone, affecting three times more women than men at any age, though the climax is between 20 and 40 years. Approximately 2.5 million people in the world suffer from multiple sclerosis nowadays, and 700,000 among them are registered in Europe [5–7]. Many genetic factors, MHC and non-MHC, may play an important role in the innate immune mechanisms and in the modulation of the immune system under the influence of the many exterior environmental risk factors and viral infections [8, 9]. Among the viruses, the infection with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), which is a common human herpes virus, seems to have a considerable association with the incidence of MS, particularly among pediatric patients [10–12]. A large number of patients have from onset the experience of relapses and remissions of the various neurological phenomena, lasting for many years, whereas a substantial number of untreated patients face the tragedy of the continuous deterioration of their physical and mental condition, resulting in a serious irreversible disability eventually, though primary progressive forms starting from the onset of the disease may also occur in approximately 10–15% of patients [13, 14]. Energy failure is obviously the substantial cause of the functional impairment in the majority of patients who suffer from multiple sclerosis. That cause is reasonably associated with demyelination, neuronal degeneration, and axonal loss, based on a wide spectrum of innate autoimmune mechanisms, inflammatory reactions, mitochondrial dysfunction, cytokine interactions, intracellular and interstitial edema, and perivascular cell reactions [15, 16].
Underwater Localization and Mapping with Imaging Sonar

Acoustic imaging sonars have been used for a variety of tasks intended to increase the autonomous capabilities of underwater vehicles. Among the most critical tasks of any autonomous vehicle are localization and mapping, which are the focus of this work. The difficulties presented by the imaging sonar sensor have led many previous attempts at localization and mapping with the imaging sonar to makerestrictive assumptions, such as a planar seafloor environment or planar sensor motion. Lifting such restrictions is an important step toward achieving general-purpose autonomous localization and mapping in real-world environments. In this dissertation, I take inspiration from related problems in the field of computer vision and demonstrate that imaging sonar localization and mapping may be modeled and solved using similar methods. To achieve accurate large-scale localization, I present degeneracy-aware acoustic bundle adjustment, a feature-based algorithm inspired by optical bundle adjustment. To achieve 3-D mapping of underwater surfaces, I propose several distinct algorithms. First, I present a method akin toshape-from-shading that uses a generative sensor model to infer a dense pointcloud from each image and fuses multiple such observations into a global model. Second, I describe a volumetric albedo framework for general-purpose sonar reconstruction, which derives from the related problem of non-line-of-sight reconstruction. This method performs inference over the elevation aperture and generates best results with a rich variety of viewpoints. Lastly, I present the theory of Fermat paths for sonar reconstruction, which utilizes the 2-D Fermat flow equation to reconstruct aparticular set of object surface points with short baseline motion.
Pautas de egreso posterior a un episodio de Insuficiencia Cardíaca aguda

Resumen A pesar de numerosos ensayos clinicos y guias con los que se cuenta para el manejo de enfermedades cardiovasculares, en ocasiones, este material no es contentivo de directrices explicitas que orienten a los sistemas de salud y al medico especialista o general como mejorar la etapa de seguimiento en la consulta externa de la patologia. Esto muy probablemente es debido a la falta de respaldo de medicina basada en evidencia para emitir recomendaciones que estandaricen y protocolicen el manejo del paciente ambulatorio como es la regla en muchas condiciones medicas. Se han resumido las recomendaciones para el manejo ambulatorio del paciente luego de un episodio de insuficiencia cardiaca aguda (ICA) basadas en la evidencia cientifica existente. El objetivo es optimizar las directrices para el control y manejo del pacien- te que egresa del hospital luego de un episodio de ICA, dando respuestas a preguntas frecuentes. Estas recomendaciones deben redundar en un mejor manejo de estos pacientes con la consecuen- te reduccion de re-hospitalizaciones por igual causa y posposicion de la muerte, transformando al paciente ya compensado y egresado en otro con insuficiencia cardiaca cronica “estable”. Abstract Despite numerous published clinical trials, guidelines and statements available for the management of cardiovascular diseases, some do not contain explicit content that may orient health systems, the attending specialist or primary care physician on how to improve the control of such conditions on the follow-up in the outpatient clinic. This could probably be due to the lack of support from evidence based medicine to issue recommendations to standardize ambulatory patient management as is the rule with other medical conditions. Recommendations for the ambulatory management of post acute heart failure (AHF) episode patients are summarized based on existing scientific evidence. The goal is to optimize guidelines for the management and control of discharged patients following an episode of AHF providing answers to frequently raised questions. These recommendations should result in better patient management, consequently reducing re-hospitalization, postponing death and transforming an already compensated and discharged patient into another with “stable” chronic heart failure. We are aware that heart failure management is overly critical due to the fact that, since this entity resides at the final stage of the cardiovascular continuum, it may not spike further interest as compared to other cardiovascular syndromes.
The Lost Archive: Traces of a Caliphate in a Cairo Synagogue

A compelling look at the Fatimid caliphate's robust culture of documentation The lost archive of the Fatimid caliphate (909-1171) survived in an unexpected place: the storage room, or geniza, of a synagogue in Cairo, recycled as scrap paper and deposited there by medieval Jews. Marina Rustow tells the story of this extraordinary find, inviting us to reconsider the longstanding but mistaken consensus that before 1500 the dynasties of the Islamic Middle East produced few documents, and preserved even fewer. Beginning with government documents before the Fatimids and paper's westward spread across Asia, Rustow reveals a millennial tradition of state record keeping whose very continuities suggest the strength of Middle Eastern institutions, not their weakness. Tracing the complex routes by which Arabic documents made their way from Fatimid palace officials to Jewish scribes, the book provides a rare window onto a robust culture of documentation and archiving not only comparable to that of medieval Europe, but, in many cases, surpassing it. Above all, Rustow argues that the problem of archives in the medieval Middle East lies not with the region's administrative culture, but with our failure to understand preindustrial documentary ecology. Illustrated with stunning examples from the Cairo Geniza, this compelling book advances our understanding of documents as physical artifacts, showing how the records of the Fatimid caliphate, once recovered, deciphered, and studied, can help change our thinking about the medieval Islamicate world and about premodern polities more broadly.
Nasal high-flow therapy in infants and children

This review highlights and summarizes the current evidence and knowledge of nasal high flow therapy management in infants and children. This review outlines the distinct differences in the use of NHF therapy between children and adults. A comprehensive literature review has been performed reviewing the relevant physiological studies and current evidence of support measures in these children. Despite the quick uptake of nasal high flow therapy in the clinical area there has been limited high-grade evidence, with new studies showing beneficial results with the use of nasal high flow therapy in acute respiratory disease and children.
Characterization of Nano-Scale Hydroxyapatite Coating Synthesized from Eggshells Through Hydrothermal Reaction on Commercially Pure Titanium

Commercially pure titanium (c.p. Ti) is often used in biomedical implants, but its surface cannot usually combine with the living bone. A coating of hydroxyapatite (HA) on the surface of titanium implants provides excellent mechanical properties and has good biological activity and biocompatibility. For optimal osteocompatibility, the structure, size, and composition of HA crystals should be closer to those of biological apatite. Our results show that the surface of c.p. Ti was entirely covered by rod-like HA nanoparticles after alkali treatment and subsequent hydrothermal treatment at 150 °C for 48 h. Nano-sized apatite aggregates began to nucleate on HA-coated c.p. Ti surfaces after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 6 h, while no obvious precipitation was found on the uncoated sample. Higher apatite-forming ability (bioactivity) could be acquired by the samples after HA coating. The HA coating featured bone-like nanostructure, high crystallinity, and carbonate substitution. It can be expected that HA coatings synthesized from eggshells on c.p. Ti through a hydrothermal reaction could be used in dental implant applications in the future.
‘Polynesians’ in the Brazilian hinterland? Sociohistorical perspectives on skulls, genomics, identity, and nationhood

In 1876, Brazilian physical anthropologists De Lacerda and Peixoto published findings of detailed anatomical and osteometric investigation of the new human skull collection of Rio de Janeiro’s Museu Nacional. They argued not only that the Indigenous ‘Botocudo’ in Brazil might be autochthonous to the New World, but also that they shared analogic proximity to other geographically very distant human groups – the New Caledonians and Australians – equally attributed limited cranial capacity and resultant inferior intellect. Described by Blumenbach and Morton, ‘Botocudo’ skulls were highly valued scientific specimens in 19th-century physical anthropology. A recent genomic study has again related ‘the Botocudo’ to Indigenous populations from the other side of the world by identifying ‘Polynesian ancestry’ in two of 14 Botocudo skulls held at the Museu Nacional. This article places the production of scientific knowledge in multidisciplinary, multiregional historical perspectives. We contextualize modern narratives in the biological sciences relating ‘Botocudo’ skulls and other cranial material from lowland South America to Polynesia, Melanesia, and Australia. With disturbing irony, such studies often unthinkingly reinscribe essentialized historic racial categories such as ‘the Botocudos’, ‘the Polynesians’, and ‘the Australo-Melanesians’. We conclude that the fertile alliance of intersecting sciences that is revolutionizing understandings of deep human pasts must be informed by sensitivity to the deep histories of terms, classification schemes, and the disciplines themselves.
Not putting away childish things:: The importance of childhood in the audience reception of professional Wrestling Stars

This article is based on the findings of an audience research project investigating the relationship between audiences, stars and the industry of professional wrestling. The article focuses on the links questionnaire respondents and focus group participants made between their favourite wrestling stars and their own childhood. The article traces the continuing role this connection has played into their adult lives/fandom and the central role perceptions of ‘authenticity’ play in this relationship.
Development of an intellectual module for selection of places to travel in the virtual assistant system for planning trips

Often it is difficult for the tourists to determine their preferences and choose destinations for the trip. To simplify the planning of the upcoming vacation, you can use recommendation systems that, based on a survey of users, determine the most preferred places to visit. Also, the key to a successful trip is a well-planned route. The developed travel planning system combines both of these aspects: the intelligent module will recommend the user sights and interesting places to visit based on a small survey, after which the optimal route planning module build the schedule of their visit. In this article, the authors considered in detail the approach to the construction of individual user recommendations highlighted the main characteristics inherent in each region of the Russian Federation and built a decision tree.
Resurgent Yoga: ‘Yoke’ that Unites Nations

Yoga has moved from recreation to therapy now [1]. There are now graduate and postgraduate level courses in India about the same. There are teacher training academies in the world now. In the USA, yoga courses are being done for diseases and medicinal purposes as well. Cultures that have traditionally promoted their own physical activities like China too have opened colleges of Yoga. There are universities based courses/classes offered in major universities of many developed nations like USA, UK, Australia, Newlands, Canada, Japan and Korea etc.
A novel rGO-decorated ZnO/BiVO4 heterojunction for the enhancement of NO2 sensing properties

A ZnO/BiVO4 heterojunction has been first prepared by the co-precipitation and hydrothermal methods; then, rGO nanosheets are decorated onto the heterojunction by simple hydrazine hydrate reduction to construct a novel ZnO/BiVO4/rGO composite-based NO2 sensor. The structure, morphology and gas sensing performance of the composite were characterized and measured using various spectroscopies and gas sensing tests. Compared to the same kinds of gas sensors reported previously, this sensor exhibits competitive sensing performance with a maximum response of 126.64 to 1 ppm NO2 at an operating temperature of 95 °C, which is 5.7 times and 2.4 times higher than those of the ZnO and ZnO/BiVO4 junctions, respectively. Also, the sensor shows a rapid response and long-term stability to NO2 compared with pure ZnO. The good sensing properties are ascribed to the formation of the n–n heterojunction between ZnO and BiVO4 and the decoration with rGO.
Assessment of Small Sensory Fibers in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Using Quantitative Sensory Testing

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy in humans. The gold standard for diagnosing CTS is considered to be nerve conduction studies (NCS). However, there are patients who complain of a lot of symptoms with minimal findings in NCS. One of the reasons for this discrepancy is that the NCS just assess the large myelinated fibers. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the small sensory fibers in different stages of CTS. 58 CTS subjects and 44 healthy control subjects were recruited. The thermal and heat pain thresholds were assessed in the CTS and control groups, by the quantitative sensory testing (QST) using the CASE IV machine. Cold and warm threshold was increased in all three stages of CTS. Heat pain threshold was increase in severe CTS patients. We concluded that small sensory fibers are affected in early stages of CTS.
Indicator of quality for environmental articles on Wikipedia at the higher education level

Wikipedia is important in higher education because students and scholars often use it. Nevertheless, the issue of Wikipedia’s quality is an obstacle for its use at the higher education level. In order to contribute to this discussion, we have proposed ‘Verifiability by respected sources’ as an indicator for assessing the quality of Wikipedia articles at the higher education level and conducted an analysis of the most frequently visited articles in the category of Environment on Wikipedia. Results show that these articles contain many unreferenced statements, so their usage at the higher education level is problematic. Therefore, we also propose specific steps for relevant actors that could help to improve the quality of Wikipedia.