Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Empirical Study on the Correlation between User Awareness and Information Security

There are many existing high quality technical security solutions, but ongoing cyberwar is still not suppressed, which implies that there is a need for new concepts in information security. It is possible that the problem persists because the existing technical solutions have not included human factors. Those solutions are mostly focused on the attacker but should also be focused on the user as the integral part of the safeguarded system. It is possible that the user presents the weakest element in the security chain as the internal treats are among the most frequent information security issues. In this paper the authors analyse empirical data collected by simulation of e mail user behaviour caused by their level of security awareness. Results of this study confirm hypotheses that users can significantly influence the overall information system security level as well as private and business data used in e mail communication. The aim of this paper is to stress the problem of human influence on the information system security among technicians involved in developing technical security solutions, such as software engineers developing new algorithms for spam filters. Empirical Study on the Correlation between User Awareness and Information Security
Expert2Bólè: From Expert Finding to Bólè Search

Expert ﬁnding, aiming to answer the question: “Who are experts on topic X? ”, is becoming one of the biggest challenges for information management. Much work has been conducted for expert ﬁnding. Methods based on language model, topic model, and random walk have been proposed. However, little work has studied why people want to ﬁnd experts. Inthis work, we describe Expert2B´ol`e, a search tool that oﬀers expert ﬁnding for various purposes. Speciﬁcally, we ﬁrst employ the learning-to-rank techniques to learn a function for ranking experts. We further investigate a speciﬁc case of why people search experts, i.e. B´ol`e search, which tries to identify best supervisors in a given ﬁeld. How to learn a good ranking function for B´ol`e search is a very challenging issue, since there would be very limited or even no supervised information which can be used to learn the ranking function. We propose a uniﬁed knowledge transfer approach which takes advantage of the expert ﬁnding knowledge to learn the ranking function for B´ol`e search. A prototype sys-tem has been developed for expert ﬁnding and B´ol`e search based on the proposed approach. Experiment results show the eﬀectiveness of the proposed approach.
Effects of Arachidonic Acid on Systemic Arterial Pressure, Myocardial Contractility and Platelets in the Dog

Summary The bisenoic prostaglandin precursor, arachidonic acid (AA), in a single dose intravenously, produced a marked vasodepres-sor response in dogs, and a weak and variable effect on myocardial contractility. This response differed from the vasodepressor effect of PGE2 in that the onset of effect was delayed (15 sec for AA, 4.5 sec for PGE2) and PGE2 always caused a pronounced increase in myocardial contractility. Arachidonic acid caused thrombocytopenia and increased aggregability of platelets. All AA effects were inhibited by aspirin. The monoenoic prostaglandin precursor, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, in doses equivalent to that of AA, had no effects. The data suggest that AA exerts its effects through conversion to an intermediate in the biosynthesis of PGE2 and not PGE2 itself. This work was supported, in part, by the Educational Foundation of America.
Protection from Fluorescein Isothiocyanate-Induced Fibrosis in IL-13-Deficient, but Not IL-4-Deficient, Mice Results from Impaired Collagen Synthesis by Fibroblasts1

Intratracheal injection of FITC results in acute lung injury and progresses to fibrosis by day 21 postchallenge. In response to FITC, BALB/c mice produce IL-4 and IL-13 in the lung. To investigate whether IL-4 and/or IL-13 were important profibrotic mediators in this model, we examined the fibrotic response to FITC in mice that were genetically deficient in IL-4 (IL-4−/−), IL-13 (IL-13−/−), or IL-4 and IL-13 combined (IL-4/13−/−). Baseline levels of collagen were similar in all mice. In response to FITC, both BALB/c and IL-4−/− mice developed fibrosis, whereas the IL-13−/− and IL-4/13−/− mice were significantly protected, as measured by total lung collagen levels and histology. Total leukocyte recruitment to the lung was similar in all four strains of mice when measured on days 7, 14, and 21 post-FITC. BALB/c mice showed prominent eosinophilia on day 7 that was absent in IL-4−/−, IL-13−/−, and IL-4/13−/− mice, suggesting that eosinophilia is not necessary for development of a fibrotic response. There were no significant differences in the percentages of any other leukocytes analyzed between the genotypes. Similarly, protection in IL-13−/− mice was not associated with alterations in cytokine or eicosanoid profiles. Interestingly, TGF-β1 production was not reduced in IL-13−/− mice. Analyses of fibroblasts isolated from the four genotypes demonstrated that although there were similar numbers of fibroblasts present in cultures of lung minces, fibroblasts from IL-13-deficient strains have reduced basal and stimulated levels of collagen production. IL-13Rα1 expression increases on fibroblasts during fibrotic responses in vivo, and IL-13 increases collagen synthesis in fibroblasts. Thus, IL-13 mediates its profibrotic actions through direct effects on fibroblast production of extracellular matrix.
Light distribution and thermal effects in the rat brain under optogenetic stimulation

Optical brain stimulation gained a lot of attention in neuroscience due to its superior cell‐type specificity. In the design of illumination strategies, predicting the light propagation in a specific tissue is essential and requires knowledge of the optical properties of that tissue. We present the estimated absorption and reduced scattering in rodent brain tissue using non‐destructive contact spatially resolved spectroscopy (cSRS). The obtained absorption and scattering in the cortex, hippocampus and striatum are similar, but lower than in the thalamus, leading to a less deep but broader light penetration profile in the thalamus. Next, the light distribution was investigated for different stimulation protocols relevant for fiber‐optic based optogenetic experiments, using Monte Carlo simulation. A protocol specific analysis is proposed to evaluate the potential of thermally induced side effects.
A steroid inhibitory effect on adrenal mitochondria.

Corticosterone has been reported to inhibit the in vitro incorporation of 14Cleucine into rat adrenal protein. In the present study this inhibition of 14C-leucine incorporation by corticosterone in adrenal homogenates was reversed by the addition of . 5 mM ATP and an ATP generating system. Corticosterone 100 μg/ml inhibited respiration in “coupled” adrenal mitochondria in the presence of 5 mM ketoglutarate but not with 5 mM succinate, suggesting a block at the DPNH oxidase site. Rotenone, a specific inhibitor at this site, also inhibited adrenal protein synthesis and blocked the ACTH stimulation of corticosterone production in rat adrenal quarters. The conversion of corticosterone to aldosterone was inhibited by testosterone 100 μg/ml in the presence of both succinate and TPNH as substrates. Further studies suggested that testosterone was a competitive inhibitor for the conversion of corticosterone to aldosterone. These data suggest that steroids inhibit adrenal protein synthesis and block the ACTH stimula.
La diversité des bordures de champ dans les exploitations agricoles de pays de bocage

Les effets environnementaux des pratiques des agriculteurs ne sont pas limites aux pratiques productives, sur des espaces tels que la parcelle d'usage (ou « champ)), dans cet article) : l'entretien d'une bordure de champ (espace inculte en limite externe d'un champ) a des repercussions sur la faune et la flore, via les structures de vegetation induites. L'objectif de notre etude est 1) d'evaluer la diversite physionomique des bordures de champ dans une zone bocagere, 2) d'en explorer les relations avec un certain nombre de facteurs, associes i) a ces structures, ii) aux agriculteurs gestionnaires. Plus de 1000 bordures de champ ont ete decrites, qui jouxtent les parcelles de la exploitations. Des analyses multivariees ont permis de definir sept types de bordures de champ. Leur diversite est en relation avec la structure des haies, l'usage des parcelles et la diversite des exploitations (structure du revenu, strategie de gestion des haies). Notre demarche peut s'integrer a des methodes d'evaluation environnementale des exploitations ; elle ne permet pas de connaitre les itineraires techniques de gestion conduisant a tel ou tel etat physionomique des bordures de champ, mais d'envisager la gestion de la diversite constatee au niveau des exploitations et du paysage. En reposant sur la constitution d'objets communs d'etude, cette demarche nous a aussi fourni un cadre efficace de dialogue entre ecologues et agronomes. Elle permet de repondre a un certain nombre de questions nouvelles des agriculteurs et des organismes professionnels.
Intraoperative Hyperthermia: A Harbinger of Hypothalamic Injury?

due to extubation failure and subsequent mandibular surgery, a percutaneous dilatative tracheostomy was made. Early postpyloric enteral nutrition was introduced. Blood pressure was controlled with clonidine and urapidil, to avoid both hypotension and hypertensive peaks. Clinical and radiologic evidence of pneumonia required antibiotic therapy. Bronchoalveolar lavage and blood cultures grew Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. One month postadmission the patient was alert, breathing spontaneously on room air and could be discharged from pediatric intensive care unit. The eventual clinical and neurological recovery was complete and tracheostomy was removed. Late brain CT demonstrated a minimal hemorrhagic postischemic lesion in the deep frontoparietal area, clinically negligible. This report highlights the usefulness of combined noninvasive techniques of cerebral blood flow evaluation, mostly in critically ill patients under deep sedation. Continuous bedside monitoring can help clinicians to schedule further cerebral imaging as well as timely detection of complications.1,2 A correct cerebral perfusion pressure can also be addressed, based on side-by-side assessment. Noninvasive bedside cerebral monitoring may become a standard in critically ill neurointensive patients also in pediatric patients.3
Cyc17, a meiosis-specific cyclin, is essential for anaphase initiation and chromosome segregation in Tetrahymena thermophila

ABSTRACT Although the role of cyclins in controlling nuclear division is well established, their function in ciliate meiosis remains unknown. In ciliates, the cyclin family has undergone massive expansion which suggests that diverse cell cycle systems exist, and this warrants further investigation. A screen for cyclins in the model ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila showed that there are 34 cyclins in this organism. Only 1 cyclin, Cyc17, contains the complete cyclin core and is specifically expressed during meiosis. Deletion of CYC17 led to meiotic arrest at the diakinesis-like metaphase I stage. Expression of genes involved in DNA metabolism and chromosome organization (chromatin remodeling and basic chromosomal structure) was repressed in cyc17 knockout matings. Further investigation suggested that Cyc17 is involved in regulating spindle pole attachment, and is thus essential for chromosome segregation at meiosis. These findings suggest a simple model in which chromosome segregation is influenced by Cyc17.
Proteinuria in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Renal Impairment: The Changing Face of Diabetic Nephropathy

Type 2 diabetic nephropathy (type 2 DN) patients traditionally develop significant proteinuria prior to the development of renal impairment. However, this clinical paradigm, based on observations prior to the widespread usage of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), has recently been questioned. 2,303 patients enrolled in the Sulodexide Overt Nephropathy Study (OVERT) were analyzed. Prior therapy with ACEi and/or ARB at the time of screening was recorded in 951 patients. 22% of patients had significant renal impairment with a PCR at screening of <500 mg/g. Therapy with ACEi and/or ARB at the time of screening was recorded in 94%, where prior medication data was available. In patients with type 2 DN and advanced renal impairment, levels of proteinuria below that which traditionally defines overt diabetic nephropathy, are found in more than one fifth of patients. We suggest that the high prevalence of ACEi and ARB usage in patients with type 2 DN may be effecting the traditional clinical paradigm of type 2 DN.
Postprocessing In Vitro Digestion Challenge To Evaluate Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Fermented Dry Sausages

ABSTRACT Fermented dry sausages, inoculated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 during batter preparation, were submitted to an in vitro digestion challenge to evaluate the extent to which passage through the human gastrointestinal tract could inactivate the pathogenic cells, previously stressed by the manufacturing process. The numbers of surviving E. coli O157:H7 cells remained constant after a 1-min exposure of the finely chopped sausage to synthetic saliva or during the following 120-min exposure to synthetic gastric juice at an initial pH of 2.0. However, significant (P ≤ 0.05) growth of the pathogen (1.03 to 2.16 log10 CFU/g) was observed in a subsequent 250-min exposure to a synthetic pancreatic juice at pH 8.0. In a different set of experiments, fractions from the gastric suspension were transferred into the synthetic pancreatic juice at 30-min intervals to mimic the dynamics of gastric emptying. Concurrently, the pH of the remaining gastric fluid was reduced to 3.0, 2.5, and 2.0 to simulate the gradual reacidification of the stomach contents after the initial buffering effect resulting from meal ingestion. Under these new conditions, pathogen growth during pancreatic challenge was observed for the first few fractions released from the stomach (90 min of exposure [pH 2.5]), but growth was no longer possible in the fractions submitted to the most severe gastric challenge (120 min of exposure [pH < 2.2]).
Resection and Repair for Medial Tennis Elbow

Fifty cases in 48 patients of intractable medial tennis elbow tendinosis (medial humeral epicondylitis) were treated surgically from 1985 to 1990 with identification and excision of the injured tendon, while retaining and closing the resection defect. All patients had symptoms that were aggravated by repetitive upper extremity ac tivities and had failed to improve with nonoperative therapy. At surgery, the flexor carpi radialis-pronator teres interval was involved in 28 cases. Histologic ex amination revealed angiofibroblastic tendinosis and fibrillary degeneration of collagen. Postoperative fol lowup averaged 37 months. An analog scale was used to analyze pain intensity, and pain occurrence was evaluated by a pain phase scale. All patients reported partial or complete pain relief postoperatively (improve ment in their pain phase and pain intensity scales). Pre operatively, 14 patients had pain at rest; all 14 had relief of this pain postoperatively. Ten patients did not return to their sporting or occupational activities. Objective dy namometer strength testing revealed a significant im provement postoperatively in all patients; no major com plications were seen in this series. A large percentage of patients who fail conservative treatment for medial humeral epicondylitis (tendinosis) can obtain pain relief and return to activities with the described operative technique.
Effect of Zidovudine Treatment in Late Pregnancy on HIV‐1 In Utero Transmission

EDITORIAL COMMENT: This paper was accepted for publication to update readers on the effectiveness of treatment with zidovudine to prevent vertical transmission (mother to child by any route before or after delivery) of HIV infection antenatally. In the ACTG 076 trial referred to in this paper the treatment regimen was antepartum zidovudine (ZDV) (100 mg orally 5 times a day) initiated between 14 and 34 weeks' gestation and continued throughout the remainder of pregnancy, followed by intrapartum intravenous ZDV (loading dose 2 mg/kg, starting in labour followed by continuous infusion 1 mg/kg/hour until delivery), followed by oral administration of ZDV (syrup 2 mg/kg every 6 hours for 6 weeks beginning 8 to 12 hours after birth) to the infant. HIV infection of the infant was defined by 1 positive viral culture obtained from peripheral blood specimens taken at birth, 12, 24 and 78 weeks postpartum. Preliminary results showed HIV infection (at least 1 positive culture) in 7.2% (13 of 180) in the treatment group and 21.7% (40 of 184) in the untreated control group. The present study suggests that a less complex ZDV regimen is effective against vertical transmission since no evidence of HIV infection was found in any of the 50 infants within 48 hours of birth. The authors properly comment that these infants require follow‐up to assess intrapartum and postpartum transmission of HIV, and long‐term side‐effects of the ZDV treatment.
Impact of a priori zenith hydrostatic delay errors on GPS estimates of station heights and zenith total delays

Corrections to zenith atmospheric delays (including hydrostatic components) are estimated in geodetic analyses using partial derivatives that relate wet delays to the phase observations. At low‐elevation angles, partial derivatives of the hydrostatic and wet delays are sufficiently different as to cause errors in the estimates of station heights and zenith total delays unless accurate surface pressure values are used to model the hydrostatic delay. The associated errors are latitude dependent because sites at high latitudes have a higher percentage of low‐elevation observations. A priori zenith hydrostatic delay errors project into GPS height estimates with typical sensitivities of up to −0.2 mm/hPa, depending on the elevation angle cutoff and elevation angle dependent data weighting used in the analysis. This generates height errors of up to 10 mm and seasonal variations of up to 2 mm amplitude. The errors in zenith delay estimates are about half the magnitude of the height errors.
Effect of some natural antioxidants on aflatoxin B1-induced hepatic toxicity

Aflatoxins are potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic agents. This hepatotoxicity is thought to be mediated by their ability to generate reactive oxygen species and cause peroxidative damage. In the present investigation we assessed the ability of some natural antioxidants namely, vitamin E and Se, β-carotene, silymarin and coenzyme Q10 on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced hepatotoxicity in a rat model. Alanine and aspartate aminotransferases and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were found to be significantly increased in the serum of AFB1 administered (250 μg/kg body weight/day for 2 weeks) rats, suggesting hepatic damage. There was a marked increase in the lipid peroxide levels and a concomitant decrease in the hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) and serum protein thiol (PrSHs) along with a nearly twofold increase in hepatic glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity. The significant increase in GST may be attributed to its being a phase ΙΙ enzyme that predominately participates in the detoxification of the ultimate electrophilic metabolite AFB1-8, 9 epoxide. On the other hand, no significant change was detected in the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), cytochrome creductase and levels of DNA and RNA in the hepatic tissue of AFB1 administered rats. Results also revealed that cotreatment with studied antioxidants offered substantial hepatoprotective effects in the AFB1 administered rats. Moreover, results revealed that vitamin E and selenium combination and β-carotene are more efficient than coenzyme Q10 and silymarin in modulating the liver antioxidant enzymatic system.
New developments in selective cholesteryl ester uptake

Purpose of review Selective lipid uptake (SLU) is known to be a major pathway of lipoprotein cholesterol metabolism in experimental animals and humans, but remains poorly understood. This review provides a brief overview of SLU mediated by the HDL receptor scavenger receptor B-type I (SR-BI), and highlights several surprising new findings related to the impact of SLU pathways in cholesterol homeostasis. Recent findings Under certain conditions, SR-BI-mediated SLU contributes to reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) independently of ABCG5/G8-mediated biliary cholesterol secretion, implying a novel trafficking mechanism. Hepatic SR-BI expression and RCT are decreased in diabetic mice. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the microRNAs miR-185, miR-96 and miR-223 are emerging therapeutic targets for increasing SR-BI expression. SR-BI-independent selective cholesteryl ester uptake is a newly characterized pathway in macrophage foam cells. Summary New findings underscore the importance of SR-BI-mediated SLU in hepatic SLU and RCT, while indicating that further investigation is needed to define SLU pathways, including SR-BI-independent macrophage selective cholesteryl ester uptake. The intracellular trafficking of cholesterol in these pathways appears to be critical to their normal function and is a major subject of ongoing studies.
Changing respiratory pathways in potato tuber slices.

It has long been known that freshly cut pieces of tissue from certain tubers and fleshy roots immediately respire considerably more rapidly per unit mass than tissue in the intact organ, and further that sufficiently thin slices of such1 tissue exhibit an ad(litional respiratory rise during one to several days of incubation. These phenomena have been observed in slices of potato (5, 19, 22, 23, 24, 25), carrot (20, 27), beet (3, 21, 26), Jerusalem artichoke (26), and chicory root (11). Laties (9) made an analysis of some of the factors involved in the secondary respiratory rise. The slow oxygen uptake of freshly cut potato slices is inhibited by cyanide and carbon monoxide, but the more rapid respiration which develops during aging is quite resistant to these agents (6, 15). It seems likely that a clhange in electron transport pathways occurs (6). Changes in respiratory carbon pathways also are indicated. The results of early work with chicory root suggest that an increase in tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCAC) activity occurs during aging. The initial respiration is malonate resistant, whereas the respiration induced by aging is malonate sensitive (11). Recent work by Laties (pers communic) has shown that potato slices undergo a similar increase in sensitivity to malonate during aging. The malonate resistance of fresh tissue raises the possibility that the respiration initially is largely mediated by systems other than the TCAC. We have concentrated on this carbon pathway aspect of the problem. The plan was to develop techniques permitting use of C14 labeled sugars as tracers of respiratory pathways in slowly respiring tissues, by extracting and isolating labeled metabolic intermediates arising therefrom; and to employ glucose specifically labeled on the first and sixth carbon atoms, respectively, as a test for respiratory systems, such as the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), which can discriminate between these two atoms. We concentrated primarily upon fresh tissue because of its greater physiological in-
Model Based Stator Fault Detection in Induction Motors

A new strategy for stator fault diagnosis in induction motors is presented in this paper. The proposed strategy is based on the generation of a vector of specific residual using a state observer. The residual allows the detection of the faulted motor phase and the quantification of the number of shortcircuited turns. This strategy is robust to motor load variation and power supply perturbations