Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Inhibitor URB597 (Cyclohexylcarbamic Acid 3′-Carbamoylbiphenyl-3-yl Ester) Reduces Neuropathic Pain after Oral Administration in Mice

Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is an intracellular serine hydrolase that catalyzes the cleavage of bioactive fatty acid ethanolamides, such as the endogenous cannabinoid agonist anandamide. Genetic deletion of the faah gene in mice elevates brain anandamide levels and amplifies the antinociceptive effects of this compound. Likewise, pharmacological blockade of FAAH activity reduces nocifensive behavior in animal models of acute and inflammatory pain. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the selective FAAH inhibitor URB597 (KDS-4103, cyclohexylcarbamic acid 3′-carbamoylbiphenyl-3-yl ester) in the mouse chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain. Oral administration of URB597 (1–50 mg/kg, once daily) for 4 days produced a dose-dependent reduction in nocifensive responses to thermal and mechanical stimuli, which was prevented by a single i.p. administration of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant (1 mg/kg). The antihyperalgesic effects of URB597 were accompanied by a reduction in plasma extravasation induced by CCI, which was prevented by rimonabant (1 mg/kg i.p.) and attenuated by the CB2 antagonist SR144528 (1 mg/kg i.p.). Oral dosing with URB597 achieved significant, albeit transient, drug levels in plasma, inhibited brain FAAH activity, and elevated spinal cord anandamide content. The results provide new evidence for a role of the endocannabinoid system in pain modulation and reinforce the proposed role of FAAH as a target for analgesic drug development.
An automated testing strategy targeted for efficient use in the consulting domain

Test automation can decrease release cycle time for software systems compared to manual test execution. Manual test execution is also considered inefficient and error-prone. However, few companies have gotten far within the field of test automation. This thesis investigates how testing and test automation is conducted in a test consulting setting. It has been recognized that low test process maturity is common in customer projects and this has led to equally low system testability and stability. The study started with a literature survey which summarized the current state within the field of automated testing. This was followed by a consulting case study. In the case study it was investigated how the identified test process maturity problems affect the test consulting services. The consulting automated testing strategy (CATS) been developed to meet the current identified challenges in the domain. Customer guidelines which aim to increase the test process maturity in the customer organization have also been developed as a support to the strategy. Furthermore, the study has included both industrial and academic validation which has been conducted through interviews with consultant practitioners and researchers.
Bio‐Intact Parathyroid Hormone and Intact Parathyroid Hormone in Hemodialysis Patients With Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Receiving Intravenous Calcitriol Therapy

Abstract: Intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) assay has been the most widely used for the diagnosis of secondary hyperparathyroidism and evaluation of vitamin D therapy. However, 1–84 PTH assay might be a better diagnostic tool since iPTH detects not only 1–84 PTH but also large C‐terminal fragments, which would antagonize PTH action. Therefore, we conducted a multicenter study to evaluate the clinical usefulness of a newly developed immunochemiluminometric assay for 1–84 PTH, Bio‐Intact PTH (BiPTH). Thirty‐five uremic patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism participated in the study. Intravenous calcitriol therapy was continued for 12 months. iPTH and bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) were monitored at each dialysis center to control the dose of calcitriol. Serum and plasma samples were collected from each center and both iPTH and BiPTH were measured using Allegro‐Lite assay reagents from Nichols Institute Diagnostics (San Clemente, CA, USA). Intravenous calcitriol suppressed iPTH after 1 month as well as BiPTH. Bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase decreased after 3 months. A high degree of correlation between Nichols iPTH and BiPTH (y = 0.3913 × + 19.517, r = 0.9561) was demonstrated with a BiPTH/iPTH ratio of approximately 0.44. Significant correlation between BAP and iPTH, or between BAP and BiPTH was not observed. Our limited data failed to demonstrate the superiority of BiPTH to iPTH. Therefore, further investigations would be necessary to examine the relationship between BiPTH and bone histomorphometry.
Anal endosonographic findings in the follow‐up of primarily sutured sphincteric ruptures

Twenty‐four women with primary suture of an obstetric tear of the anal sphincter were examined with anal endosonography a median of 12 (range 3–18) months after delivery. Endosonography was normal in ten patients, of whom one was incontinent. The examination showed a defect in the external anal sphincter in 13 patients; six of these were incontinent, two of whom had normal findings on palpation. An isolated internal sphincter defect was found in a continent patient. Since anal endosonography causes no more discomfort than digital examination, it may be useful to identify patients who would benefit from surgical reconstruction of the anal sphincter.
Comparative Effectiveness of Glucose and Sucrose in Enhancement of Hypersalimentation and Salt Hypertension.∗

Summary The quantity of 1% saline consumed and the development of salt hypertension in rats were comparably enhanced by addition of either glucose or sucrose in 5% concentration to the drinking solution. Cardiac hypertrophy and lesions were equivalently increased. A curious, and as yet unexplained finding, is that whereas kidney enlargement accompanied consumption of either saline or sucrose-saline solution, such was not the case with glucose-saline. Here the kidney weight did not exceed that of controls, and reno-vascular lesions although present were less pronounced than when other saline solutions were drunk.
Molecular identification of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in southeastern Australia

Abstract DNA barcoding is a modern species identification technique that can be used to distinguish morphologically similar species, and is particularly useful when using small amounts of starting material from partial specimens or from immature stages. In order to use DNA barcoding in a surveillance program, a database containing mosquito barcode sequences is required. This study obtained Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) sequences for 113 morphologically identified specimens, representing 29 species, six tribes and 12 genera; 17 of these species have not been previously barcoded. Three of the 29 species ─ Culex palpalis, Macleaya macmillani, and an unknown species originally identified as Tripteroides atripes ─ were initially misidentified as they are difficult to separate morphologically, highlighting the utility of DNA barcoding. While most species grouped separately (reciprocally monophyletic), the Cx. pipiens subgroup could not be genetically separated using COI. The average conspecific and congeneric p‐distance was 0.8% and 7.6%, respectively. In our study, we also demonstrate the utility of DNA barcoding in distinguishing exotics from endemic mosquitoes by identifying a single intercepted Stegomyia aegypti egg at an international airport. The use of DNA barcoding dramatically reduced the identification time required compared with rearing specimens through to adults, thereby demonstrating the value of this technique in biosecurity surveillance. The DNA barcodes produced by this study have been uploaded to the ‘Mosquitoes of Australia–Victoria’ project on the Barcode of Life Database (BOLD), which will serve as a resource for the Victorian Arbovirus Disease Control Program and other national and international mosquito surveillance programs.
A Fully Integrated Multimode Wireless Power Charger IC With Adaptive Supply Control and Built-In Resistance Compensation

We present a fully integrated multimode lithium-ion battery charger integrated circuit (IC) for wireless power charging applications. The proposed charger IC integrates an analog block for battery charging, a digital control block, an analog-to-digital converter, and memory on a single chip. To improve the charging efficiency, the supply voltage of the charger IC is controlled by an adaptive low-dropout (LDO) regulator. A series-voltage feedback path is formed along the LDO regulator and multimode level shifter, which regulates the supply voltage to closely follow the battery voltage. For a smooth transition during multimode charging, we propose a new approach for built-in resistance compensation. The digital control block of the charger IC is designed in accordance with the Qi standard. The battery charger IC is fabricated in a one-poly six-metal 0.18-μm CMOS process. Integrated with the digital control block and memory, the core area of the multimode charger IC is 0.9 × 1.4 mm2. The input voltage ranges from 4.8 to 5 V. The output voltage is 4.2 V in constant-voltage mode. The charging current in constant-current mode is 450 mA. The maximum and average charging efficiencies are 83% and 79%, respectively.
Quantum gravity as a low energy effective field theory

An Effective Field Theory is one which uses only the active degrees of freedom available at some energy. A full quantum field theory treatment is applied. When done properly, the results encode the quantum corrections appropriate to that energy. The perturbative treatment of quantum General Relativity behaves as an effective field theory, and well defined quantum corrections can be calculated. This review discusses effective field theory and its application to general relativity.
Gains from Mergers and Acquisitions Around the World: New Evidence

Using a global M&A data set, this paper provides evidence that the empirical observations relating public acquisitions to, at best, zero abnormal returns, and their stock-financed subset to negative abnormal returns for acquiring firms around the deal announcement are not unanimous across countries. Acquirers beyond the most competitive takeover markets (the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada) pay lower premia and realize gains, while share-for-share offers are at least non-value-destroying for their shareholders. In contrast, target shareholders within these markets gain significantly less, implying that the benefits generated are more evenly split between the involved parties.
Salt preference in patients with untreated and treated essential hypertension

Sodium chloride preference was studied in 16 patients with essential hypertension and 26 normotensive volunteers over a two-day period. Each exhibited normal detection and recognition thresholds for the taste of NaCl. Each was placed on a constant dry diet containing 9 mEq Na+ and, as the only source of fluid, given a choice of drinking either distilled water, 0.15 M NaCl, or some combination of the two fluids. Patients with essential hypertension drank a significantly greater proportion of their total fluid as saline (day 1, 34.9 per cent vs 12.6 per cent; day 2, 34.1 per cent vs 13.5 per cent) and drank a greater total volume of fluid (day 1, 1332 vs 699 cc; day 2, 1419 vs 824 cc) than did the normotensive volunteers. The total amount of Na+ consumed by the patients was 4.8 to 7.3 times greater than that of the normotensive volunteers. Effective treatment of hypertension towered mean NaCl preference, Na+ Intake and total fluid intake in the four subjects studied under these conditions. These latter findings suggest that treatment with antihypertensive agents may play some role in altering salt appetite.
ACUTE RESPIRATORY ILLNESS IN THE PREMATURE NURSERY ASSOCIATED WITH RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS INFECTIONS.

Two mid-winter outbreaks of respiratory disease in a premature nursery, one in 1962, and the second a year later in 1963, are described. The majority of the 14 infected prematures were severely ill. They presented with mild upper respiratory symptoms that continued for from 1 to 8 days before the acute onset of dyspnea. Nine had radiologic evidence of pneumonia. Certain clinical manifestations were sufficiently characteristic to suggest a common etiology. The virologic data that support the association of these epidemics with respiratory syncytial virus infection are presented in detail.
A 280-GHz InP DHBT Receiver Detector Containing a Differential Preamplifier

A power detector integrated with a preamplifier is fabricated using a 250-nm InP double-heterojunction bipolar transistor technology for 280-GHz operation. The input RF signal to the detector is modulated at 20 kHz to decouple the output dc voltage from 1/f noise. The integrated receiver detector consists of a two-way balun, a differential preamplifier, a power detector. Breakout circuits of a standalone power detector and a test amplifier have been independently characterized. The test amplifier shows a gain of 18.1 dB and noise figure of 14 dB. The responsivity and noise equivalent power of the detector improve from 4.5 to 350 kV/W and from 10 to 0.13 pW/Hz0.5, respectively, at 280 GHz, with the addition of the preamplifier. The performance enhancements due to the preamplifier are in close agreement with the results predicted by advanced design system simulations.
Street Scenes: towards scene understanding in still images

This thesis describes an effort to construct a scene understanding system that is able to analyze the content of real images. While constructing the system we had to provide solutions to many of the fundamental questions that every student of object recognition deals with daily. These include the choice of data set, the choice of success measurement, the representation of the image content, the selection of inference engine, and the representation of the relations between objects. The main test-bed for our system is the CBCL StreetScenes data base. It is a carefully labeled set of images, much larger than any similar data set available at the time it was collected. Each image in this data set was labeled for 9 common classes such as cars, pedestrians, roads and trees. Our system represents each image using a set of features that are based on a model of the human visual system constructed in our lab. We demonstrate that this biologically motivated image representation, along with its extensions, constitutes an effective representation for object detection, facilitating unprecedented levels of detection accuracy. Similarly to biological vision systems, our system uses hierarchical representations. We therefore explore the possible ways of combining information across the hierarchy into the final perception. Our system is trained using standard machine learning machinery, which was first applied to computer vision in earlier work of Prof. Poggio and others. We demonstrate how the same standard methods can be used to model relations between objects in images as well, capturing context information. The resulting system detects and localizes, using a unified set of tools and image representations, compact objects such as cars, amorphous objects such as trees and roads, and the relations between objects within the scene. The same representation also excels in identifying objects in clutter without scanning the image. Much of the work presented in the thesis was devoted to a rigorous comparison of our system to alternative object recognition systems. The results of these experiments support the effectiveness of simple feed-forward systems for the basic tasks involved in scene understanding. We make our results fully available to the public by publishing our code and data sets in hope that others may improve and extend our results. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
JEFFERSON EN ESTUDIANTES DE MEDICINA MEXICANOS

Introduction A meaningful doctor-patient relationship is a key factor in medical practice and in the art of curing. In the past, several institutions have recommended the addition of humanistic education among medical doctors not only for enhancing the doctor-patient relationship, but also for improving the quality of medical care. In fact, an empathic physician-patient relationship has been associated with better clinic outcomes. In spite of recommendations, medical empathy is still an unexplored research area in medical education for two reasons. One of these is that theoretical research on empathy is not easy because of a lack of clarity in its conceptualization. Another reason for the dearth of empirical research is the absence of a valid and reliable operational tool by which to measure empathy in patient care situations. A team from the Center for Research in Medical Education and Health Care at the Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, developed the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (JSPE). The English version factor structure is consistent with conceptual aspects of a multidimensional scale that measures the perspective taking, compassionate care and "standing in the patient’s shoes" factors. The JSPE has shown satisfactory psychometric properties; construct, discriminant, and criterion validity has been confirmed among medical students with an internal consistency of 0.89. Empathy may vary among individuals depending on social, educational, and personal experiences, and it corresponds to an interpersonal ability and a clinical competence component. Hence, the availability of a valid and reliable instrument for measuring empathy among medical doctors is a critical issue. However, the instrument should be culturally adapted for the population of interest. Therefore, the present study was designed for evaluating the validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the JPES among Mexican medical students. VALIDACIÓN DE LA ESCALA DE EMPATÍA MÉDICA DE JEFFERSON EN ESTUDIANTES DE MEDICINA MEXICANOS
Visual feedback during treadmill walking improves balance for older adults: A preliminary report

The majority of falls occur during walking. This begs the question, “Why are most balance training exercises performed when standing still? ” Visual feedback for balance training is becoming more prevalent in rehabilitation, but is often performed while standing still. Five subjects have completed an eight week intervention study, part of an ongoing randomized controlled clinical trial. All subjects are tested for balance and walking ability at the beginning, middle and end of the eight week period using clinical tests to assess balance ability. Preliminary results suggest that balance improves only for the experimental group.
Refractory Anaemia with Excess of Blasts in Transformation Re-Evaluated with the WHO Criteria: Identification of Subgroups with Different Survival

One of the major changes suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO) classification with respect to the French-American-British (FAB) proposal for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) was to lower the bone marrow (BM) blast count from 30 to 20%, thus eliminating the refractory anaemia with excess of blasts in transformation (RAEB-t) category. However, a general consensus has not been reached, and several authors still retain RAEB-t as an MDS sub-entity. We re-evaluated our series of 74 patients classified as RAEB-t according to the FAB criteria by stratifying them into two subsets: patients with at least 5% peripheral blast (PB) cells but with BM blasts <20% (group I) and patients with BM blastosis between 20 and 30% and PBs <5% (group II). We found differences among the two groups regarding sex, haematological parameters at presentation (white blood cell and neutrophil counts, haemoglobin level) and frequency of infectious episodes during the course of disease. We did not find differences as to the frequency of acute myeloid leukaemia transformation, but a significant difference was evidenced as to survival (9.3 vs. 16 months in group I vs. group II, respectively; p = 0.02). Furthermore, at our institution, we compared the RAEB-t group I patients who, based on >5% PBs, should be included in the RAEB-II category according to the WHO criteria, with a group of 98 patients who were diagnosed as RAEB-II according to the WHO criteria. The findings showed that the aggregation of these two subsets appeared inappropriate, because patients of the two groups showed different clinical features and rates of acute transformation. In conclusion, the RAEB-t entity according to the FAB criteria, although including heterogeneous clinical patient subsets, should more likely be considered as an advanced stage of MDS, rather than a true acute myeloid leukaemia.
Respiratory illness in a population exposed to beryllium.

A survey was carried out of the workers in a beryllium extraction and processing plant that had been in operation for 14 years. High levels of beryllium and its compounds that greatly exceeded recommended peak threshold levels were noted in the air in the plant. Two hundred fourteen of the 245 full-time employees were studied. Thirty-one subjects had chest radiographic abnormalities compatible with interstitial disease, and 11 of these had significant hypoxemia. Lung biopsies were performed in 2 subjects. One showed diffuse granulomas and increased lung tissue beryllium content, and the other had a markedly elevated lung tissue beryllium content with normal histology. It was concluded that in the presence of excessive air levels of beryllium, the combination of hypoxemia and radiographic evidence of a pulmonary interstitial process is suggestive of berylliosis. The evidence of beryllium disease in this population indicates the importance of rigorous implementation of industrial hygiene measures and the ne.