Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
3 D Anisotropic Hybrid Network : Transferring Convolutional Features from 2 D Images to 3 D Anisotropic Volumes

While deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) have been successfully applied for 2D image analysis, it is still challenging to apply them to 3D anisotropic volumes, especially when the within-slice resolution is much higher than the between-slice resolution and when the amount of 3D volumes is relatively small. On one hand, direct learning of CNN with 3D convolution kernels suffers from the lack of data and likely ends up with poor generalization; insufficient GPU memory limits the model size or representational power. On the other hand, applying 2D CNN with generalizable features to 2D slices ignores between-slice information. Coupling 2D network with LSTM to further handle the between-slice information is not optimal due to the difficulty in LSTM learning. To overcome the above challenges, we propose a 3D Anisotropic Hybrid Network (AHNet) that transfers convolutional features learned from 2D images to 3D anisotropic volumes. Such a transfer inherits the desired strong generalization capability for withinslice information while naturally exploiting between-slice information for more effective modelling. The focal loss is further utilized for more effective end-to-end learning. We experiment with the proposed 3D AH-Net on two different medical image analysis tasks, namely lesion detection from a Digital Breast Tomosynthesis volume, and liver and liver tumor segmentation from a Computed Tomography volume and obtain the state-of-the-art results.
BOTA ICAL, PHYTOCHEMICAL A D BIOLOGICAL I VESTIGATIO OF BUTEA MO OAPERMA (LAM.) KU TZE

In the last few decades there has been an exponential growth in the field of herbal medicine. It is getting popularized in developing and developed countries owing to its natural origin and lesser side effects. One such medicinal plant is Butea monosperma (Lam.) Kuntze (Fabaceae), which is commonly used as palas. It is a medium sized deciduous tree which is mainly found in ascending of Himalayas up to 900 m height and in peninsular India up to 1200 m height. All parts of plant are important viz. Bark, leaves, flowers, seed etc. This plant is used ethanobotanically in Ayurveda, Unani, Homeopathic and Allopathic system of medicines as astringent, aphrodisiac, antifertility, analgesic, burning sensation, diuretics, diarrhea, dysentery, depurative, filariasis, gout, helminthiasis, leprosy, night blindness, piles, skin diseases, sore throat, snake bite, tumours, ulcer etc. The plant is reported to possess anthelmintic, anti convulsion, anti diarrheal, anti fungal, anti diabetic, hypoglycemic, anti hyperlipidaemic, anti inflammatory, anti oxidant, wound healing, anti fertility and hepatoprotective Activity. All these uses are due to the present of certain phytoconstituent in the plant. The major phytoconstituent reported in this plant are Isobutrin, butrin, butin, butein, chalcones, aurones, isobutyine, palasitrin, 3',4',7trihydroxyflavone, palsitrin, Coreopsin, isocoreopsin, sulphurein, monospermoside, isomonospermoside, quercetin, prunetin, Lupenone, lupeol. The aim of present article is to explore the medicinal importance of the plant Butea monosperma
Solid Earth Relative stability and contrasting elastic properties of serpentine polymorphs from first-principles calculations

We conduct first-principles calculations to determine the relative stability field and elasticity contrast of serpentine polymorphs at pressure and temperature conditions relevant to the oceanic lithosphere and subduction zone. At high pressures (> 4 GPa), the corrugated form of serpentine polymorph (antigorite, Atg) plus brucite (Brc) assemblage is thermodynamically more favorable compared to its planar counterpart (lizardite, Liz). The phase boundary between Liz and Atg + Brc exhibits a negative slope in the whole P-T range, indicating that this transition can be driven by increasing either pressure or temperature. Near 0 GPa, the slope is about −33 K/GPa. As pressure exceeds 1 GPa, the transition temperature starts to decrease more rapidly. Because of the corrugated nature of its constituent layers, Atg is more susceptible to intralayer deformations (7 to 36% smaller C11, C22, C12, and C66 at ambient conditions) while more resistant to interlayer shear deformation (25% larger C44, 36% larger C55) than Liz. In contrast, their responses to the interlayer compressive deformation (C33) are similar. For isotropic polycrystalline aggregates at pressures between 0 and 4 GPa, Atg exhibits a smaller bulk modulus (12 to 15%) and a larger shear modulus (6 to 11%) than Liz, while their density contrast is within 1%. Accordingly, a Liz/Atg transition is accompanied by a decrease in Vp (2 to 3%), an increase in Vs (3 to 5%), and a more pronounced drop in Vp∕Vs (6 to 8%). These results may help to identify and characterize serpentine polymorphs produced under various geological settings.
USING REDUCED TILLAGE TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICE DELIVERY ON ORGANIC FARMS

Organic farming practices aim to maximise the delivery of ecosystem services in the agricultural landscape. However, in order to maintain optimal crop productivity the mouldboard plough is often used to control weeds and this can have negative effects on a range of soil parameters, thereby jeopardizing delivery of these services. Reduced tillage (RT) can be beneficial to soils and could improve both the efficiency of production and the delivery of ecosystem services on organic farms. However, abandoning the plough on organic farms is challenging due to impaired weed control. Here we report on a two year trial where an RT system with the Ecodyn, with duck feet shares operating at a depth of 7.6 cm in combination with seed drilling, was compared with mouldboard ploughing. Spring oat and spring barley establishment was improved under RT. Weed cover and biomass was greater under RT, but there was no difference in cereal grain yields in either year. The RT system used 71% less fuel and tillage operations took 72% less time that the plough system.
Anästhesie & Intensivmedizin

Delirium is themost common form of cerebral dysfunction in intensive care patients and is a medical emergency that must be avoided or promptly diagnosed and treated. According to current knowledge the development of delirium seems to be caused by an interplay between increased vulnerability (predisposition) and simultaneous exposure to delirogenic factors. Since delirium is often overlooked in the clinical routine, a continuous screening for delirium should be performed. Due to the close connection between delirium, agitation and pain, sedation and analgesia must be evaluated at least every 8h analogous to delirium screening. According to current knowledge, a multifactorial and multiprofessional approach is favored in the prevention and treatment of delirium. Non-pharmaceutical interventions through early mobilization, reorientation, sleep improvement, adequate pain therapy and avoidance of polypharmacy are of great importance. Depending on the clinical picture, different substances are used in symptom-oriented drug treatment of delirium. In order to achieve these diagnostic and therapeutic goals, an interdisciplinary treatment team consisting of intensive care, intensive care physicians, ward pharmacists, physiotherapists, nutrition specialists and psychiatrists is necessary in order to meet the requirements of the patient and their relatives.
“ Spotlight on ReSearch : A New Beginning ”

Teaching and research are often thought to be different enterprises, conducted by different agents. In contrast, when arguments are made for teaching and research to be more aligned, usually it is for the purpose of encouraging teachers to make use of what researchers have to offer teachers by way of insights into language or its learning. This article argues, however, that researchers would benefit from viewing learning the way that teachers do. Indeed, newer research methodologies are now being adopted that feature teachers’ retrodictions rather than researchers’ predictions as standard practice. In a true relationship, there is reciprocity. Therefore, the article concludes with a call for teachers to cultivate researchers’ “attitudes of inquiry. ”
An intercomparison of model-simulated historical and future changes in extreme events

Projections of changes in climate extremes are critical to assessing the potential impacts of climate change on human and natural systems. Modeling advances now provide the opportunity of utilizing global general circulation models (GCMs) for projections of extreme temperature and precipitation indicators. We analyze historical and future simulations of ten such indicators as derived from an ensemble of 9GCMs contributing to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC-AR4), under a range of emissions scenarios. Our focus is on the consensus from the GCM ensemble, in terms of direction and signiﬁcance of the changes, at the global average and geographical scale. The climate extremes described by the ten indices range from heat-wave frequency to frost-day occurrence, from dry-spell length to heavy rainfall amounts. Historical trends generally agree with previous observational studies, providing a basic sense of reliability for the GCM simulations. Individual model projections for the 21st century across the three scenarios examined are in agreement in showing greater temperature extremes consistent with a warmerclimate. Foranyspeciﬁctemperatureindex,minordifferencesappearinthespatialdistributionofthechangesacrossmodelsandacrossscenarios,whilesubstantialdifferencesappearintherelative magnitude of the trends under different emissions rates. Depictions of a wetter world and greater precipitationintensityemergeunequivocallyintheglobalaveragesofmostoftheprecipitationindices.However,consensusandsigniﬁcancearelessstrongwhenregionalpatternsareconsidered. ThisanalysisprovidesaﬁrstoverviewofprojectedchangesinclimateextremesfromtheIPCC-AR4modelensemble,andhassigniﬁcantimplicationswithregardtoclimateprojectionsforimpactassessments.
Going “ beyond food ” : Confronting structures of injustice in food systems research and praxis

This commentary argues for a need to go “beyond food” in research, writing, and activism on the food system. Noting a tendency within both academic and activist discourse around food to focus on “the food itself,” rather than on broader structures of inequality and disinvestment, I argue that more research is needed that focuses explicitly on the ways in which institutional structures and systems (including nonprofits, schools, housing, as well as the food system) can exacerbate broad injustices, including limited food access. I draw on research experience in post–Hurricane Katrina New Orleans, USA, as well as commentary from eminent food systems scholars, to advocate for new research trajectories that utilize food as a lens for contesting broader structures of injustice, rather than advocating for more and better food as an end in itself.
Theoretical Vibration Analysis Regarding Excitation due to Elliptical Shaft Journals in Sleeve Bearings of Electrical Motors

This paper shows a theoretical vibration analysis regarding excitation due to elliptical shaft journals in sleeve bearings of electrical motors, based on a simplified rotordynamic model. It is shown that elliptical shaft journals lead to kinematic constraints regarding the movement of the shaft journals on the oil film of the sleeve bearings and therefore to an excitation of the rotordynamic system. The solution of the linear differential equation system leads to the mathematical description of the movement of the rotor mass, the shaft journals, and the sleeve bearing housings. Additionally the relative movements between the shaft journals and the bearing housings are deduced, as well as the bearing housing vibration velocities. The presented simplified rotordynamic model can also be applied to rotating machines, other than electrical machines. In this case, only the electromagnetic spring value cm has to be put to zero.
Reducing WhidyoutW f 1 f 2 f 3 Locally Bayesian Learning Whid y outW Globally Bayesian Learning A B

Highlighting, a conditioning effect, consists of both primacylike and recency-like effects in human subjects. This combination of effects are notoriously difficult for Bayesian models to produce. An approximation to probabilistic inference, Locally Bayesian learning (LBL), can predict highlighting by partitioning the model into regions during learning and passing messages between these regions. While the approximation matches behavior in this task, it is unclear how LBL compares to other approximations used in Bayesian models, and what behaviors this approximations will predict in other paradigms. Our contribution is to show LBL is closely related to the statistical algorithms of Assumed Density Filtering (ADF), which simplifies calculations by assuming independence, and Belief Propagation, which identifies how to make these calculations through message passing. We propose that people use ADF to learn and show how this model can produce highlighting behavior. In addition, we demonstrate how the degrees of approximation used in LBL and ADF cause the models to make very different predictions in a proposed experimental design.
Channel Camouflage and Manipulation Techniques in Wireless Networks

The security of wireless networks and systems is becoming increasingly important as wireless devices are more and more ubiquitous nowadays. The wireless channel exhibits the spatial uncorrelation property, which is that the characteristics of a wireless channel become uncorrelated every half carrier wavelength over distance. This property has prompted an emerging research area that utilizes wireless channel characteristics to achieve location distinction, to detect location changes or facilitate authentication of wireless users, and to establish shared secret key between legitimate communicators. This dissertation includes two work toward the security improvement of existing wireless networks and systems. With the discovered channel camouflage and manipulation techniques in wireless networks, traditional wireless channel based authentication or secure communication systems are broke or renovated. The first work proposes a new attack against all existing location distinction approaches that are built on this spatial uncorrelation property. With the discovered attack, an attacker can easily bypass authentication or camouflage location changes by creating an artificial wireless channel similar to a legitimate one. This dissertation also presents a detection technique that utilizes an auxiliary receiver or antenna to identify these fake channels. On the other hand, the second work shows that the legitimate users can also benefit from constructing these artificial wireless channels and apply them in a novel wireless key establishment. The proposed technique enables the transmitter to specify any content as the secret key and securely deliver it to the target receiver, and meanwhile removes the reconciliation process which is necessary for conventional wireless key establishment schemes.
Malaria in pregnancy: Is artemisinin-based treatment effective and safe?

Malaria in pregnancy is a major public health concern in endemic areas. The problems associated with malaria in a pregnant woman are an increase in the incidence of anemia-complicating pregnancy and low birthweight. In severe cases, it can lead to fetal loss, infant mortality, and maternal death. It becomes imperative, therefore, to treat malaria adequately with effective medicines during pregnancy.
Decrease in the Ki67 index during neoadjuvant chemotherapy predicts favorable relapse-free survival in patients with locally advanced breast cancer

Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the optimal cutoffs of the three parameters of Ki67 during NAC for predicting patient prognosis and investigate whether the optimal cutoffs of the Ki67 values were associated with relapse-free survival (RFS) or breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS). Methods A total of 92 patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC), who had residual disease after NAC were retrospectively investigated. The optimal cutoff values of the Ki67 parameters were assessed by the online algorithm Cutoff Finder. Kaplan-Meier analysis, the log-rank test and Cox regression analysis were carried out to analyze survival. Results The optimal cutoff values for the postsurgical Ki67 level and the decrease in the Ki67 level during NAC were defined as 25% and 12.5%, respectively. According to the univariate survival analysis, a higher Ki67 level in residual disease was associated with poor RFS (P = 0.004) and BCSS (P = 0.014). In addition, a Ki67 expression decrease > 12.5% during NAC was related to favorable RFS ( P = 0.007), but was not related to BCSS (P = 0.452). Cox regression analysis showed that the Ki67 expression decrease (> 12.5%vs. ≤ 12.5%) and histological grade (grade 3 vs. grade 1-2) were the independent factors associated with RFS (P = 0.020 and P = 0.023, respectively), with HR values of 0.353 (95% CI: 0.147-0.850) and 3.422 (95% CI: 1.188-9.858), respectively. Conclusions The Ki67 decrease was one of the independent factors associated with RFS in LABC patients with residual disease after receiving NAC.
Detecting Saliency by Combining Speech and Object Detection in Indoor Environments

Describing scenes such as rooms, city streets, or routes, is a very common human task that requires the ability to identify and describe the scene sufficiently for a hearer to develop a mental model of the scene. When people talk about such scenes, they mention some objects of the scene at the exclusion of others. We call the mentioned objects salient objects as people consider them noticeable or important in comparison to other non-mentioned objects. In this thesis, we look at saliency of visual scenes and how visual saliency informs what can and should be said about a scene when describing it. Previous work on saliency focuses on the scenes themselves, whereas we are interested in what people actually say about those scenes. For this, we take the scenes and human dialogue into account. To collect the dialogue data, we developed a web application and used a crowd sourcing platform to get access to an on-demand workforce which allowed us to get more realistic and varied responses from users. To automate the process of detecting salient objects given a novel scene, we used a popular image content analysis tool to extract objects present in the scene. We used the dialogue data to rank the detected objects based on their saliency which gives us candidate objects to mention. We also compare how different features of the gathered data can be used to develop saliency detection models. Our initial investigation shows that human dialogue data significantly improves the detection of salient objects.
Weekly Seasonal Player Population Patterns in Online Games: A Time Series Clustering Approach

With the continuous technological advancement in the game industry, millions of players engage in various online games everyday. Player population size of games ebb and flow through time as a complex series. Analyzing these player population numbers in a shorter time window, such as weekly, could help generate insights that enrich the understanding about low-level population fluctuation patterns of online games. However, this area of game data analytics still has space for further enhancement. This study focuses on discovering patterns of weekly player population fluctuations, that could aid in comprehending how the population of various kind of games change within a framing window of a week. We use player population time series of 1963 games available on Steam. Utilizing several trend removal techniques and conducting seasonality detection we identify that 77% of games display a recurring weekly pattern in player population fluctuations. Moreover, our dynamic time warping based cluster analysis shows that there are 9 diverse weekly player population fluctuation patterns. Among these 9, the governing pattern visible in the majority of games displays that the player population is higher towards the weekend. Finally, we scrutinize the tags, age requirements and overall population size of games in each cluster associated with the diverse patterns to generate insights about the characteristics of games associated with each weekly population pattern.
Multi-Hop D2D Assisted Real-Time Video Streaming Transmission System in Infrastructure-Less Networks

With the drastic increase in the number and capabilities of mobile devices, user demands for bandwidth-hungry applications such as video streaming and multimedia file sharing are pushing the limits of current cellular systems. Offloading resources sharing services from the cellular infrastructure to device-to-device (D2D) networks can improve spectrum efficiency and expand system capacity. This paper designs and implements new D2D networks formation mechanism based on commercial off-the-shelf smartphones, and data transmission mechanism among these devices using Wi-Fi Direct(WFD). In this system, we realize the single-hop and multi-hop real-time video streaming transmissions, and compare the performance between the multicast and the unicast transmission mechanisms. To demonstrate and evaluate the system, we implement a prototype system using various brand handsets with Andorid OS and conduct experiments. The results show that the system can transmit real-time videos at the bitrate of 2200kbps and frame rate (fps) of 25 for 4-5 receivers simultaneously within 75 meters in case of single-hop transmission. As for performing multi-hop transmission, the real-time videos can be transmitted to 1 recevier at the bitrate of 5000kbps and fps of 25.