Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Speech act attenuation in the history of English: The case of apologies

This paper develops a new theoretical framework to describe the long diachrony of speech acts. Such an undertaking requires a careful reconsideration of some of the basic properties of the nature of speech acts. It requires a clear differentiation between the functional profile, or illocutionary potential, of a speech act, the range of expressions that are typically used to perform it, and the metacommunicative expressions that are used to talk about it. It also requires a clear understanding of the integrity of the speech act in order to make it comparable across different time periods. It is suggested that the diachronic development of speech acts is both a gradual process with limited short-term effects that – over a long period – lead to more substantial differences and a process of attenuation, i.e. a progressive weakening of its illocutionary force. As an example, this paper traces the long diachrony of apologies in the history of the English language, from Old English up to Present-day English. Apologies originate in Old English penitential acts and confessions to God which in the course of time underwent a process of attenuation that first turned them into secularized appeals to a human addressee for forgiveness, subsequently to expressions of regret and eventually to speech acts that are often no more than a token acknowledgement of some minor infraction. The final section gives an outline of how this new theoretical framework of speech act attenuation can be applied to other speech acts, such as promises and greetings.
Visualisation of the prosopography of Polish and German experts on Eastern Europe: Are non-computed data useable for visualisation?

What qualifies an expert? In the area of Eastern European history, how does this expert’s own experience of his (more rarely her) area of expertise affect that qualification? Taking into account the historical context, what is the connection in his or her life between Eastern Europe and violence: was it a place where he or she suffered from violence, or did he or she exert violence there? Is the experience of violence reflected in his or her expertise? If so, how — and, more importantly, when? Taking the individual backgrounds of experts in Poland and Germany who lived through World War II, I set out to compare the impact the war had on their lives and the disruption and continuity in their acquisition and praxis of expertise. For this research, I focused on 3 institutions providing expertise on foreign relations in Poland, West and East Germany, from which I selected the experts working on issues related to Eastern Europe, in the fields of security, history and law.
Passengers’ Satisfaction with their Travel: A Comparative Study between the Srtu and Private Sector Bus Operators in Nagaland

Passenger transport service is extended by many bus operators belonging to both public and private sectors in Nagaland, so co-existence of both the public and private sector in this public utility service leads to competition between the two. In Nagaland passengers do have opportunity to use the bus services of both private and the State Road Transport Undertaking (SRTU) viz. Nagaland State Transport (NST). Therefore an attempt to study the comparison between NST and private buses with respect to passengers’ satisfaction becomes important. Accordingly the socio-economic factors influencing the passengers’ satisfaction of the respondents have also been studied.
Detection of calprotectin in inflammatory bowel disease: Fecal and serum levels and immunohistochemical localization

The aim of the present study was to quantify calprotectin levels using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a point-of-care test (POCT) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Overall, 113 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC; 51 men and 62 women) and 42 patients with Crohn's disease (CD; 29 men and 13 women), who were scheduled to undergo a colonoscopy, were prospectively enrolled and scored endoscopically and clinically. An additional 96 healthy, age-matched subjects served as the normal controls. Feces and blood samples from the patients with UC and CD, and the normal controls were analyzed. These patients had received adequate medical treatment. The tissue distribution of calprotectin was investigated using immunohistochemistry. The fecal calprotectin levels, as measured using an ELISA, were correlated with the endoscopic and clinical disease activities and laboratory parameters, including serum levels of hemoglobin (Hb), albumin and C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, particularly among the patients with UC. The fecal Hb level was close to that of the fecal calprotectin level (r=0.57; P<0.0001). The fecal calprotectin level measured using an ELISA was well-correlated with the fecal calprotectin level measured using the POCT (r=0.81; P<0.0001), but was not correlated with the serum calprotectin level (r=0.1013; P=0.47). An immunohistochemical investigation revealed that patients with both UC and CD had higher neutrophil and monocyte/macrophage calprotectin-positive cell expression levels, compared with those in the normal controls. Fecal calprotectin was considered a reliable marker for disease activity, and the assessment of fecal calprotectin via POCT showed potential as a rapid and simple measurement in clinical settings.
The reverse Warburg Effect: Glycolysis inhibitors prevent the tumor promoting effects of caveolin-1 deficient cancer associated fibroblasts

We and others have previously identified a loss of stromal caveolin-1 (Cav-1) in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) as a powerful single independent predictor of breast cancer patient tumor recurrence, metastasis, tamoxifen-resistance, and poor clinical outcome. However, it remains unknown how loss of stromal Cav-1 mediates these effects clinically. To mechanistically address this issue, we have now generated a novel human tumor xenograft model. In this two-component system, nude mice are co-injected with i) human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231), and ii) stromal fibroblasts (wild-type (WT) versus Cav-1 (-/-) deficient). This allowed us to directly evaluate the effects of a Cav-1 deficiency solely in the tumor stromal compartment. Here, we show that Cav-1-deficient stromal fibroblasts are sufficient to promote both tumor growth and angiogenesis, and to recruit Cav-1 (+) micro-vascular cells. Proteomic analysis of Cav-1-deficient stromal fibroblasts indicates that these cells upregulate the expression of glycolytic enzymes, a hallmark of aerobic glycolysis (the Warburg effect). Thus, Cav-1-deficient stromal fibroblasts may contribute towards tumor growth and angiogenesis, by providing energy-rich metabolites in a paracrine fashion. We have previously termed this new idea the “Reverse Warburg Effect”. In direct support of this notion, treatment of this xenograft model with glycolysis inhibitors functionally blocks the positive effects of Cav-1-deficient stromal fibroblasts on breast cancer tumor growth. Thus, pharmacologically-induced metabolic restriction (via treatment with glycolysis inhibitors) may be a promising new therapeutic strategy for breast cancer patients that lack stromal Cav-1 expression. We also identify the stromal expression of PKM2 and LDH-B as new candidate biomarkers for the “Reverse Warburg Effect” or “Stromal-Epithelial Metabolic Coupling” in human breast cancers.
A comparative analysis of Japanese and English digit recognition

This paper presents initial results of comparisons between fluently spoken Japanese and English on a common task: speaker independent digit recognition with applications in voice dialing. The complexity of this task across these languages is comparable in terms of lexicon size and perplexity of the language model. The English lexicon contained 11 words, and the Japanese lexicon contained 13 words. The durations of the words, as well as phones proved to be longer and have greater variation in English than in Japanese. An analysis of several key recognition parameters, namely the frame duration, LPC order, and feature vector dimensionality are also included. None of the above parameters seems to show language dependency in our test. <<ETX>>
Modeling the development of the regional tourist complex infrastructure: general methods.

in the article the findings of investigating the approaches to modeling of the infrastructural development of the regional tourist complex are represented. The suggested model includes the two circuits. The market circuit is generated by the flow of revenues, costs, profit, private investments; the budgetary one – by the flow of the budget investments, transfers and taxes. The analysis of the processes taking place within the specified circuits allows determining the level, mains trends and directions for development of each separate infrastructure component. The four types of development of the regional tourist complex infrastructure have been specified on the basis of the suggested model.
On three new species of Cypretta Vávra, 1895 (Crustacea: Ostracoda) from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico.

Three new species of the genus Cypretta Vivra, 1985 are described from Southern Mexico, representing the first record of the genus in the country. Cypretta campechensis n. sp. is closely related to Florida and North Carolina species such as C. nigra Furtos, 1936, C. brevisaepta Furtos, 1934 and C. bilicis Furtos, 1936. Cypretta spinosa n. sp. is related to the North and South American species C. intonsa Furtos, 1936 and C. vivacis Würdig & Pinto, 1993, but also to some Australian and South-East Asian Islands ones, such as C. obfuscata Victor & Fernando, 1981 and C. raciborskii (Grochmalicki, 1915). The last species described herein, Cypretta maya n. sp. , is closely related to the South-East Asia islands, Australian and north Indian species, in particular to C. hirsuta Henry, 1923, C. longidactyla Victor & Fernando, 1981, and C. patialensis Battish, 1982.
Evaluation of Total Corneal Thickness and Corneal Layers With Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography.

PURPOSE To evaluate total corneal thickness and corneal layers in healthy young adults using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and to describe its repeatability and reproducibility. METHODS Eighty-six eyes from 86 healthy volunteers were prospectively and consecutively enrolled. Manual measurements of central corneal thickness (CCT) and central thickness of epithelium, Bowman's layer, stroma, and the Descemet-endothelium complex were performed using Spectralis OCT (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany). To assess the reliability of the repeated measurements, intraclass correlation coefficients and coefficients of variation were used. RESULTS Mean CCT, epithelium, Bowman's layer, stroma, and Descemet-endothelium values were 555.50 ± 29.64, 54.60 ± 4.25, 16.70 ± 1.73, 467.51 ± 28.91, and 16.74 ± 1.66 µm, respectively. The intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.746 (Bowman's layer) to 0.999 (CCT and stroma) and from 0.483 (Bowman's layer) to 0.995 (CCT) and 0.998 (stroma) for intraobserver repeatability and interobserver reproducibility, respectively. The measurements showed coefficients of variation lower than 11% in all cases. CONCLUSIONS This study establishes a normal database for corneal thickness and all its layers in healthy young adults with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. This device exhibited a high degree of intraobserver repeatability and interobserver reproducibility for all regions except Bowman's layer.
Tolerance of Ambiguity in Nursing Academia

Many new nursing leaders assuming deanships, assistant, or interim deanships have limited education, experience, or background to prepare them for the job. To assist new deans and those aspiring to be deans, the authors of this department, 2 deans, offer survival tips based on their experiences and insights. They address common issues, challenges, and opportunities that face academic executive teams, such as negotiating an executive contract, obtaining faculty lines, building effective work teams, managing difficult employees, and creating nimble organizational structure to respond to changing consumer, healthcare delivery, and community needs. The authors welcome counterpoint discussions with readers.
Goodnip - Good Practices in Nordic Innovation Policies. Part 2: Innovation Policy Trends and Rationalities

The main objective of Good Practices in Nordic Innovation Policies has been to develop a survey and an analysis of Nordic innovation policy instruments that directly or indirectly are targeting small and medium sized enterprises. The project is to provide Nordic policy makers with information to be used in the development of new or adjusted policy instruments on a national or Nordic level. The project unites researchers from the five Nordic countries: Norway, Iceland, Finland, Denmark, and Sweden. The study is coordinated by Norwegian STEP, a part of SINTEF Industrial Management. The other participants are NUTEK and VINNOVA of Sweden, VTT of Finland, Denmark's Technological University and the Icelandic research council RANNIS. Innovation policy trends and rationalities The main chapter of this report gives a thorough presentation a comparison of contemporary innovation policies and policy instruments in the Nordic countries, historically and contemporary. The chapter ends up with several policy recommendations. A separate chapter discusses how policy development actually takes place in ministries and agencies, and introduces the concept of rationalities – i.e. common mental maps or frameworks of understanding that underpins policy development. This chapter also examine policy learning practices in the Nordic countries and gives some concrete advice on how to improve such learning processes. The report then goes on to a presentation of relevant innovation policy statistics and indicators. This is more than a listing of numbers and tables, however. The chapter uses these figures in order to gain a better understanding of the current status of innovation and R&D in the Nordic countries, and tries to analyse to what extent there is a connection between this status and current innovation policies. The final chapter contains more general theoretical reflections on innovation theory and innovation policy development. It discusses the interaction between innovation research and innovation policy as well as various rationales for innovation policy development. In an appendix the reader will find national rapports on the historical background for innovation policies in the Nordic countries.
Molecular effects of M17055, furosemide and thiazide on cardiac hypertrophy of spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Although diuretics have been clinically shown to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, the effects of diuretics on cardiac hypertrophy are poorly understood. In this study, we examined the molecular effects of diuretics on hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were given p.o. M17055 (a novel "high ceiling" diuretic) 1.25, 2.5 or 5 mg/kg/day, furosemide 50 mg/kg/day or trichlormethiazide 30 mg/kg/day for 5 weeks. After the treatment, cardiac myosin isoforms were analyzed by gel electrophoresis, and cardiac hypertrophy-related gene expressions were examined by Northern blot analysis. These three diuretics significantly reduced cardiac hypertrophy of SHR. M17055 and furosemide, but not trichlormethiazide, significantly increased the proportion of cardiac V3 myosin of SHR by enhancing the gene expression of beta-myosin heavy chain. On the other hand, trichlormethiazide, but not M17055 or furosemide, suppressed the increased cardiac gene expression of skeletal alpha-actin in SHR. Cardiac collagen type III expression of SHR was decreased only by treatment with M17055. Plasma thyroid hormone levels of SHR were slightly decreased by M17055 and by furosemide and were negatively correlated with cardiac V3 myosin contents. Thus the effects on the gene expression of cardiac contractile proteins and collagen are significantly different among these three types of diuretics, which suggests that these diuretics may have different cardiac actions independent of their diuretic and antihypertensive actions. The increased cardiac V3 myosin induced by M17055 and by furosemide may be partially due to the decreased plasma thyroid hormone.
Hyperemesis and Threatened Abortion in Early Pregnancy: Relationship with Anxiety and Depression and Review of the Literature

Objective: This study evaluated the current state of anxiety and depression levels in patients with HG and TA and compared the prevalence of anxiety and depression levels with healthy pregnant controls. The aim of this prospective casecontrol study was to investigate the possible relationship between anxiety, depression and HG and TA and compare the results with healthy pregnant controls. Patients and Methods: A prospective case–control study was performed at our tertiary referral centre. 84 consecutive women with HG and 88 consecutive women with TA constituted our study group and 98 healthy pregnant women constituted our control group. Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were administered to patients during the psychiatric interview for the anxiety and depression evaluation. Results: The mean BAI scores in HG, TA and healthy control groups were 17.34 ± 8.97, 17.23 ± 8.71 and 7.03 ± 5.45, respectively. The mean BDI scores in HG, TA and healthy control groups were 15.54 ± 7.81, 16.27 ± 6.72 and 6.68 ± 5.28, respectively. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated a potential link between HG, TA and anxiety and depression disorders. Therefore, patients with HG and TA during pregnancy should be evaluated in terms of anxiety and depression disorders as much as their medical conditions. Medical professionals should be sensitive to psychological consequences of HG and TA.
HIV Incidence Among Men Who Have Sex With Men After Diagnosis With Sexually Transmitted Infections

Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk for acquiring HIV infection after diagnosis with other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Identifying the STIs associated with the greatest risk of subsequent HIV infection could help target prevention interventions, particularly preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Methods Using matched HIV and STI surveillance data from Washington State from January 1, 2007, to June 30, 2013, we calculated the incidence of new HIV diagnoses after different STI diagnoses among MSM. Men entered observation at the time of their first STI diagnosis during the study period and exited at HIV diagnosis or June 30, 2013. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to conduct a global comparison of rates. Results From January 1, 2007, to June 30, 2013, 6577 HIV-negative MSM were diagnosed as having 10,080 bacterial STIs at 8371 unique time points and followed for 17,419 person-years. Two hundred eighty (4.3%) men were subsequently diagnosed as having HIV infection for an overall incidence of 1.6 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval, 1.4–1.8). The estimated incidence of HIV diagnoses among all MSM in the state was 0.4 per 100 person-years. Men who have sex with men were at the greatest risk for HIV diagnosis after being diagnosed as having rectal gonorrhea (HIV incidence, 4.1 per 100 person-years), followed by early syphilis (2.8), urethral gonorrhea (1.6), rectal chlamydial infection (1.6), pharyngeal gonorrhea (1.1), late syphilis (1.0), and urethral chlamydial infection (0.6; P < 0.0001 overall). Conclusions Men who have sex with men diagnosed as having rectal gonorrhea and early syphilis were at the greatest risk for being diagnosed as having HIV infection after STI diagnosis. These men should be prioritized for more intensive prevention interventions, including PrEP.
Bottleneck Technologies: Applying the Constraints Approach to Technology Management Evidence from Case Studies

Companies are looking for simple and market-oriented approaches to technology management. In our research project, this challenge is tackled by means of a bottleneck-focused concept: We will apply the theory of constraints to technology management. The aim is to show how a bottleneck technology approach can contribute to opportunities how resources should be allocated, provide insights as to where innovation might come from and put forth evidence on how to avoid surprise. The paper starts off with an introduction of the topic, a first definition of bottleneck technologies and research goals. Thereafter, the research design and literature review is presented. Preconditions for applying the theory of constraints in technology management and the gap within the literature are discussed. Anecdotal evidence from case studies is provided to illustrate first propositions. The paper concludes with a first characterization of bottleneck technologies and an outlook on further studies on the topic
Five Best Management Practices in the Hotels Sector of Sri Lanka

Six leading hotels were selected in the study of the hotel sector in an attempt to isolate the best management practices common to the sector. Two of the best practices are related to the customer in terms of creating value, while the other three are located within the people and processes of the hotel, which contribute towards operational efficiencies. Their attempt to provide engaging guest experiences as opposed to merely providing a host of amenities is particularly strategic in terms of the movement away from the limited sun and sand tourism to high-value niche marketing that has been prescribed.
Directory Reference Patterns in Hierarchical File Systems

The authors present a brief description of data on directory reference patterns collected from a 4.2BSD UNIX system. These data are used to examine the importance of the name lookup overhead involved in opening and using files. The analysis shows that paths in the environment are relatively long and that, in the absence of caching, name resolution overhead accounts for over 70% of the disk blocks referenced to open and use files. These results confirm recent conjectures on the high level of directory activity in UNIX file systems. Directory references exhibit strong locality, though, making caches an effective way to decrease directory overhead. Simulations of a least recently used (IRU) whole directory cache show that a cache holding just ten nodes achieves an 85% hit ratio. The implications of these results on the design of both local and distributed file systems are discussed. >
Carbon dioxide sequestration at elevated temperature by pressure swing adsorption

Modeling and simulation of CO2 capture from flue gases of coal fired power plant at high temperature are presented. The work employed a 19% potassium and 1% sodium hydrotalcite adsorbent, for which CO2 capacities in excess 0.84 mol/kg were measured at temperature of 575 K. Elution profiles from a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) unit also enabled analysis of adsorption and desorption process. A cyclic and multibed process for the continuous capture of CO2 was proposed. A mathematical model for the CO2−19% potassium and 1% sodium hydrotalcite adsorbent system, based on measured equilibria and kinetic data, was used for the assessment of the process in terms of CO2 product purity and recovery.