Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nuclear compartmentalization of odorant receptor genes

Significance The mechanisms underlying odorant receptor (OR) monoallelic and monogenic expression are unclear. We show for the first time that the nuclei of olfactory neurons have a characteristic organization of facultative heterochromatin: it is highly concentrated around a large constitutive heterochromatin block located centrally in the nucleus. In addition, we show that the homologous alleles of a given OR gene are located in different chromatin compartments in the olfactory nucleus: while one of the alleles is associated with deeply repressed constitutive heterochromatin, the other one is located in or close to the more plastic facultative heterochromatin. This spatial organization is likely to be important for both the monoallelic and monogenic expression of these genes. Odorants are detected by odorant receptors, which are located on olfactory sensory neurons of the nose. Each olfactory sensory neuron expresses one single odorant receptor gene allele from a large family of odorant receptor genes. To gain insight into the mechanisms underlying this monogenic and monoallelic expression, we examined the 3D nuclear organization of olfactory sensory neurons and determined the positions of homologous odorant receptor gene alleles in relation to different nuclear compartments. Our results show that olfactory neurons exhibit a singular nuclear architecture that is characterized by a large centrally localized constitutive heterochromatin block and by the presence of prominent facultative heterochromatin domains that are localized around this constitutive heterochromatin block. We also found that the two homologous alleles of a given odorant receptor gene are frequently segregated to separate compartments in the nucleus, with one of the alleles localized to the constitutive heterochromatin block and the other one localized to the more plastic facultative heterochromatin, or next to it. Our findings suggest that this nuclear compartmentalization may play a critical role in the expression of odorant receptor genes.
Methotrexate Inhibits Proteolysis of Dihydrofolate Reductase by the N-end Rule Pathway (*)

The N-end rule relates the in vivo half-life of a protein to the identity of its N-terminal residue. In eukaryotes, the N-end rule pathway is a ubiquitin-dependent, proteasome-based system that targets and processively degrades proteins bearing certain N-terminal residues. Arg-DHFR, a modified dihydrofolate reductase bearing an N-terminal arginine (destabilizing residue in the N-end rule), is short lived in ATP-supplemented reticulocyte extract. It is shown here that methotrexate, which is a folic acid analog and high affinity ligand of DHFR, inhibits the degradation but not ubiquitination of Arg-DHFR by the N-end rule pathway. The degradation of other N-end rule substrates is not affected by methotrexate. We discuss implications of these results for the mechanism of proteasome-mediated protein degradation.
Structure-Activity Relationships in Microbial Transformation of Phenols

The second-order rate constants for the microbial transformation of a series of phenols were correlated with the physicochemical properties of the phenols. The compounds studied were phenol, p-methylphenol, p-chlorophenol, p-bromophenol, p-cyanophenol, p-nitrophenol, p-acetylphenol, and p-methoxyphenol. Phenol-grown cells of Pseudomonas putida U transformed these compounds. Microbial transformation rate constants ranged from (1.5 ± 0.99) × 10−14 liter · organism−1 · h−1 for p-cyanophenol to (7.0 ± 1.3) × 10−12 liter · organism−1 · h−1 for phenol. Linear regression analyses of rate constants and electronic, steric, and hydrophobic parameters showed that van der Waal's radii gave the best coefficient of determination (r2 = 0.956). Products identified by thin-layer chromatography and liquid chromatography indicated that the phenols were microbially oxidized to the corresponding catechols.
Electrical properties of GaSb/InAsSb core/shell nanowires

Temperature dependent electronic properties of GaSb/InAsSb core/shell and GaSb nanowires have been studied. Results from two-probe and four-probe measurements are compared to distinguish between extrinsic (contact-related) and intrinsic (nanowire) properties. It is found that a thin (2–3 nm) InAsSb shell allows low barrier charge carrier injection to the GaSb core, and that the presence of the shell also improves intrinsic nanowire mobility and conductance in comparison to bare GaSb nanowires. Maximum intrinsic field effect mobilities of 200 and 42 cm2 Vs−1 were extracted for the GaSb/InAsSb core/shell and bare-GaSb NWs at room temperature, respectively. The temperature-dependence of the mobility suggests that ionized impurity scattering is the dominant scattering mechanism in bare GaSb while phonon scattering dominates in core/shell nanowires. Top-gated field effect transistors were fabricated based on radial GaSb/InAsSb heterostructure nanowires with shell thicknesses in the range 5–7 nm. The fabricated devices exhibited ambipolar conduction, where the output current was studied as a function of AC gate voltage and frequency. Frequency doubling was experimentally demonstrated up to 20 kHz. The maximum operating frequency was limited by parasitic capacitance associated with the measurement chip geometry.
Annotation: PANDAS: a model for human autoimmune disease.

BACKGROUND Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcus infections (PANDAS) is a recently recognized syndrome in which pre-adolescent children have abrupt onsets of tics and/or obsessive-compulsive symptoms, a recurring and remitting course of illness temporally related to streptococcal infections, and associated neurologic findings including adventitious movements, hyperactivity and emotional lability. METHODS Inspired by observations of similar symptoms in children with Sydenham's chorea, a search was undertaken for clinical and laboratory evidence in support of the new syndrome. RESULTS Consistent and predictable clinical findings have been described in a large case series. Magnetic resonance imaging has supported the postulated pathobiology of the syndrome with evidence of inflammatory changes in basal ganglia. Antibasal ganglia antibodies have been found in some acute cases, mimicking streptococcal antigen epitopes. CONCLUSIONS While PANDAS remains a controversial diagnostic concept, it has stimulated new research endeavors into the possible links between bacterial pathogens, autoimmune reactions, and neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Factors influencing attendance at stadiums and arenas

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a model to evaluate the factors that influence soccer attendance at stadiums and arenas. Design/methodology/approach The quantitative method based on a structural equation modeling using partial least squares. Findings The results validated the proposed model. The results also showed that the greater the identification of the sports consumer with his team, the greater the impact on his satisfaction, increasing his loyalty to the team and his intention to buy tickets for a soccer match. It was also detected that the higher the risk perception, the lower the purchase intention of tickets. In addition, the study showed that the greater the involvement of sports consumers with soccer, the greater their intention to buy tickets. Originality/value One of the academic implications was to prove that team identification can be a predictor of satisfaction, and that the interrelationship between identification with the team, satisfaction at attending soccer matches at the stadium and loyalty to the team constructs has a high impact on the purchase decision of the sports consumer. In addition, the study tests a model that aggregates several constructs with empirical data for other researchers to better understand the phenomenon of attendance in stadiums and arenas.
Etude de l'incidence des comportements dissipatifs dans les instabilités vibratoires des systèmes de freinages

Les instabilites vibratoires, telles que le crissement de frein, sont souvent etudiees par des analyses aux valeurs propres complexes sur des modeles elements finis (EF). L'objectif de cette these est d'enrichir ces modeles en prenant en compte la viscoelasticite dont les effets sont l'amortissement et la rigidification des materiaux en fonction de la frequence. Pour cela un viscoanalyseur a ete developpe. Il permet de caracteriser en cisaillement les materiaux entre 100 et 3500Hz, sans utiliser les equivalences temps-temperature. Ce viscoanalyseur permet d'alimenter en parametres le modele rheologique de Maxwell generalise par le biais d'une nouvelle methode d'identification particulierement robuste. Le modele de Maxwell generalise est ensuite introduit dans les modeles EF grâce a un modele d'etat projete sur un sous-espace adequat. Ces modeles ameliores predisent moins d'instabilites du fait de l'amortissement, mais ils montrent egalement que la viscoelasticite peut avoir des effets de destabilisation du fait de la rigidification.
On being and saying : essays for Richard Cartwright

Richard Cartwright's impact on other philosophers has been as much a product of his own personal contact with students and colleagues as the result of his written work. The essays in this book demonstrate the deep influence he has had, not only by his thinking but equally by his style and manner and, above all, by his clarity and purity of intention. All of the essays are concerned with the questions of logic, language, and metaphysics that have been at the core of Cartwright's own work.The chapters and their authors are: The Consistency of Frege's "Foundations of Arithmetic," George Boolos. Russell's "No-Classes" Theory of Classes, Leonard Linsky. Quine's Indeterminacy, Charles S. Chihara. Justifying Symbolizations, Harold Levin. Substitutivity, Scott Soames. Moore-Paradox, Sincerity Conditions, and Epistemic Qualification, Charles E. Caton. Matching Illocutionary Act Types, William P. Alston. Scattered Objects, Roderick M. Chisholm. Parts and Places, Helen Morris Cartwright. Ruminations on an Account of Personal Identity, Judith Jarvis Thomson. Godel's Ontological Proof, Jordan Howard Sobel. "The Concept of the Subject Contains the Concept of the Predicate," David Wiggins.Judith Jarvis Thomson is Professor of Philosophy at MIT. "Philosophical Essays," the first collection of Richard Cartwright's work, is being published simultaneously by The MIT Press.
The role of symmetry in the mass independent isotope effect in ozone

Understanding the internal distribution of “anomalous” isotope enrichments has important implications for validating theoretical postulates on the origin of these enrichments in molecules such as ozone and for understanding the transfer of these enrichments to other compounds in the atmosphere via mass transfer. Here, we present an approach, using the reaction NO2− + O3, for assessing the internal distribution of the Δ17O anomaly and the δ18O enrichment in ozone produced by electric discharge. The Δ17O results strongly support the symmetry mechanism for generating mass independent fractionations, and the δ18O results are consistent with published data. Positional Δ17O and δ18O enrichments in ozone can now be more effectively used in photochemical models that use mass balance oxygen atom transfer mechanisms to infer atmospheric oxidation chemistry.
Freemium Pricing in Digital Games with Virtual Currency

Providers of free-to-play games often gain revenue by monetizing players’ playtime, for example, through in-game advertising and by selling premium modules of the game. One emerging strategy to sell the premium module, known as the virtual selling strategy, is to set the module price based on an amount of virtual currency that players can either spend on playtime to earn or use real currency to buy. In this paper, we examine how the virtual selling strategy leads to different market outcomes than the traditional real selling strategy where players can purchase the premium module using real currency only. We focus on the differences caused by one specific feature—players can pay for the module indirectly using their playtime in the virtual selling strategy. We show that when the provider’s efficiency of monetizing players’ playtime, that is, the time revenue rate, is above a threshold, the virtual selling strategy will benefit the provider and hurt the overall consumer surplus compared with the real selling strategy, even though players in the virtual selling strategy have one additional way, that is, using their playtime, to pay for the module. We identify an undocumented overcompensation effect that causes the profit augmentation and the surplus reduction. The overcompensation effect also results in a U-shaped relationship between the equilibrium module price and the time revenue rate in the virtual selling strategy when the module only provides a small number of new gaming stages. It contradicts the traditional result from the real selling strategy that the provider shall reduce the module price when she becomes more efficient in monetizing players’ playtime.
Three Essays on the Housing Market and Financial Intermediaries

THREE ESSAYS ON THE HOUSING MARKET AND FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES by Majid Haghani Rizi The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2018 Under the Supervision of Professor Kundan Kishor My dissertation utilizes the valuable information present in forward looking financial intermediaries and effects of the housing market on macroeconomy. In the second chapter, I study the dynamic relationship in the shadow banking system. Particularly, I investigate the short-run and the long-run relationship among the financial assets of the money market funds, the commercial paper, and the repurchase agreement markets by undertaking a cointegration analysis of quarterly data over the 1985-2013 period. The evidence suggests that there exists a common long-term cointegrating trend among these three components of the shadow banking system. Any disequilibrium in this long-run relationship among these variables is corrected by movement in the financial assets of the money market funds. The Beveridge-Nelson decomposition from the estimated cointegrating relationship shows that the cyclical component in the money market funds is large and captures the huge swings in these markets during the financial crisis. My results are also robust to the exclusion of the financial crisis, and it reveals the changing role of the commercial paper and the repurchase agreement market in the shadow banking system. The third chapter of my dissertation examines the impact of housing price shocks on tradable and non-tradable employment in the U.S. states over 2001-2014 period. For this purpose, I use a multivariate structural VAR model with agnostic identification as proposed ii by Uhlig (2005). This method imposes sign restrictions on some variables in the VAR system but does not restrict the response of employment. I find significant response of employment to house price shocks, with non-tradable employment being more responsive than tradable employment on average. My findings also suggest that the employment response to house price shock is very persistent across states. There is also significant heterogeneity in the persistence as well as the magnitude of response across different states with states with most volatile housing market responding more to the house price shocks. In the fourth chapter, I apply the present value model to explain the movements in house price-income ratio in OECD countries over the period 1975-2015. Using statespace model, we decompose the movements in price-income ratio into expected housing return and expected income growth since price-income ratio is a forward looking variable. The evidence suggests that both expected income growth and expected housing price growth are significant in explaining movements in the price-income ratio, while there is a heterogeneity among all countries. I find a positive correlation between expected income growth and expected housing returns. The variance decomposition of the present value of price-income ratios shows that the most variation in the present-value component is explained in the housing return.
Zero-inflacted Poisson regression, with an application to defects in manufacturing

Zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) regression is a model for count data with excess zeros. It assumes that with probability p the only possible observation is 0, and with probability 1 – p, a Poisson(λ) random variable is observed. For example, when manufacturing equipment is properly aligned, defects may be nearly impossible. But when it is misaligned, defects may occur according to a Poisson(λ) distribution. Both the probability p of the perfect, zero defect state and the mean number of defects λ in the imperfect state may depend on covariates. Sometimes p and λ are unrelated; other times p is a simple function of λ such as p = l/(1 + λ T ) for an unknown constant T . In either case, ZIP regression models are easy to fit. The maximum likelihood estimates (MLE's) are approximately normal in large samples, and confidence intervals can be constructed by inverting likelihood ratio tests or using the approximate normality of the MLE's. Simulations suggest that the confidence intervals based on likelihood ratio test.
The effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on gastric and colonic mucosal perfusion: a tonometric assessment

In a study to assess the potential effect of nonpulsatile hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), intramucosal pH (pHi) of the gastric and colonic mucosae was determined by tonometry (n = 8). During the hypothermic phase of CPB, gastric and colonic pHi did not change significantly. Forty minutes after the start of rewarming, despite increases in the cardiac index and mean arterial blood pressure, gastric pHi fell from 7.53 ± 0.02 to 7.31 ± 0.03 (p = 0.017) and colonic pHi fell from 7.50 ± 0.02 to 7.32 ± 0.03 (p = 0.028). Forty minutes after the end of CPB both the colonic (p = 0.017) and gastric (p = 0.046) pHi remained depressed below pre-CPB values. The difference in the arterial (pHa) and the gastric mucosal pH changed from -0.097 before CPB to 0.016, 40 minutes after the end of CPB (p = 0.027). This alteration in the pHa-pHi underlines the importance of measuring intramucosal pH by tonometry, since the pHa and pHi may move in opposite directions during episodes of haemodynamic stress. Both the gastric and colonic pHi were found to have a linear correlation with the pHa, although changes in the gastric pHi (r = 0.41, p = 0.018) were more strongly correlated with the pHa than the colonic pHi (r = 0.23, p = 0.19) in the rewarming phase of CPB and the immediate post-CPB period when there was a tendency towards intramucosal acidosis. The development of intramucosal acidosis in the rewarming and immediate post-CPB phases following hypothermic nonpulsatile CPB may impair the gut barrier and predispose patients to the absorption of luminal toxins.
The Dirty Harry Problem

Policing constantly places its practitioners in situations in which good ends can be achieved by dirty means. When the ends to be achieved are urgent and unquestionably good and only a dirty means will work to achieve them, the policeman faces a genuine moral dilemma. A genuine moral dilemma is a situation from which one cannot emerge inno cent no matter what one does—employ a dirty means, em ploy an insufficiently dirty means, or walk away. In such situations in policing, Dirty Harry problems, the danger lies not in becoming guilty of wrong—that is inevitable—but in thinking that one has found a way to escape a dilemma which is inescapable. Dire consequences result from this misunder standing. Policemen lose their sense of moral proportion, fail to care, turn cynical, or allow their passionate caring to lead them to employ dirty means too crudely or too readily. The only means of assuring that dirty means will not be used too readily or too crudely is to punish those who use them and the agency which endorses their use.
Emotional Dispositions and Substance Use: Mediating Effect of Alexithymia

Substance consumption behaviors can range from use to abuse, the latter including addictive behaviors. Relationships between emotionality, alexithymia and substance-consumption behaviors among young adults were investigated through an explanatory model wherein alexithymia fulfills a mediating function by acting as an emotion-adjustment process. 256 students (62.1% women) with a mean age of 20.7 yr. (SD = 1.6), enrolled at two universities in southern France took part in the study. They filled out a substance-use questionnaire, the Émotionnalité positive et négative à 31 (EPN–31) emotionality scale, and the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia scale (TAS–20). Mediation analyses validated the hypothesis that emotional dimensions of alexithymia act as mediators between emotionality (negative emotionality and emotional arousal) and substance use. As a mediating factor, alexithymia may be regarded as a type of operational process that regulates emotions. These results could have important implications for clinical and therapeutic applications focusing on emotion-regulation strategies and substance use.
DETERMINAN PERILAKU KESEHATAN IBU PADA MASA KEHAMILAN: KASUS KOTA MEDAN

Maternal and child mortality is still considered a health issue in Indonesia. Health behavior during pregnancy is an essential factor that determines the health of mother and baby. This study aims to examine the behavior of maternal health during pregnancy in Medan City and to analyze its important social determinants. Quantitative data collection using a survey of 400 households in 20 urban villages in Medan City, North Sumatera Province. This study found that 49% of respondents had good behaviors during pregnancy, while those with moderate and poor behaviors during pregnancy were 22% and 29%, respectively. Ordinal logistic regression model indicates husband education, insurance ownership, service quality, and household financial autonomy as social determinants of maternal health behavior during pregnancy. Many factors influenced maternal health behavior during pregnancy both from supply and demand side of health services. Thus, to improve maternal health behavior during pregnancy, it is essential to develop the mother’s knowledge of the importance of antenatal care. Besides that, health service providers also need to ensure the quality of their health services
Understanding bacterial bioluminescence: a theoretical study of the entire process, from reduced flavin to light emission.

Bacterial bioluminescence (BL) has been successfully applied in water-quality monitoring and in vivo imaging. The attention of researchers has been attracted for several decades, but the mechanism of bacterial BL is still largely unknown due to the complexity of the multistep reaction process. Debates mainly focus on three key questions: How is the bioluminophore produced? What is the exact chemical form of the bioluminophore? How does the protein environment affect the light emission? Using quantum mechanics (QM), combined QM and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) and molecular dynamic (MD) calculations in gas-phase, solvent and protein environments, the entire process of bacterial BL was investigated, from flavin reduction to light emission. This investigation revealed that: 1) the chemiluminescent decomposition of flavin peroxyhemiacetal does not occur through the intramolecular chemical initiated electron exchange luminescence (CIEEL) or the "dioxirane" mechanism, as suggested in the literature. Instead, the decomposition occurs according to the charge-transfer initiated luminescence (CTIL) mechanism for the thermolysis of dioxetanone. 2) The first excited state of 4a-hydroxy-4a,5-dihydroFMN (HFOH) was affirmed to be the bioluminophore of bacterial BL. This study provides details regarding the mechanism by which bacterial BL is produced and is helpful in understanding bacterial BL in general.