Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Coordination of immunoglobulin DJH transcription and D-to-JH rearrangement by promoter-enhancer approximation

The genes that encode the variable regions of immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chains are encoded by three DNA segments: VH, D, and JH. During B-cell development these segments are brought together by a pair of site-specific DNA rearrangements. The first of these joins a D segment to a JH segment; the second brings a VH segment in apposition to a DJH unit. B-cell precursors that have undergone D-to-JH joining express transcripts that initiate at the 5' flanks of rearranged D segments (DJH transcription). In this study we have examined the coordination of D-to-JH rearrangement and DJH transcription. The B-lymphoid progenitor cell line HAFTL-1 cell clone, joining of distal D segments (DSP2 and DFL16) to JH is accompanied by an increase in the steady-state level of transcripts initiating 5' of the D coding region. Steady-state transcription of a DSP2 gene segment was undetectable prior to rearrangement and was observed to increase at least 20-fold upon joining to JH. In contrast, transcription from the 5' flank of DQ52, which lies within 700 bp of the JH cluster, was detected prior to rearrangement and did not increase significantly after rearrangement. The 5' flank of a DSP2 segment was found to support expression of a heterologous gene upon transfection into B progenitor cell lines. Expression from this DSP2 promoter was at least 30-fold higher in the presence of the Ig heavy-chain enhancer, in either orientation, than in its absence. A DNA fragment spanning the interval from -165 to +19 bp relative to the major DSP2 transcriptional start site retained enhancer-dependent promoter activity. These observations imply that activation of DSP12JH and DFL16JH transcription is coordinated with D-to-JH rearrangement by approximation of enhancer-dependent D promoter elements to the Ig heavy-chain enhancer. This interpretation is consistent with our observation that the DQ52 segment, which is closely linked to the JH cluster, is transcribed both before and after rearrangement.
When joggers meet robots: A preliminary study on foot strike patterns

Current research interests for humanoid robots include cost, static stability, and human-likeness. With the help of well-developed locomotion controllers, human-like gait has been realized on humanoid robots with higher energy efficiency and increased motion speed. However, such results are based on the walking function of bipedal robots, running function has been less touched or investigated. Different from walking, running could cause more injuries when human cope with the impact from the ground. In this paper, we define a new foot strike pattern that describes the instinctive human running manner and the performance of a group of adults is collected and analysed for comparison of different foot strike patterns. This helps with lower limbs' injury prevention by proving that most of the impact transient is reduced in the new foot strike pattern for both the shod and the barefoot conditions. Therefore, the newly defined foot strike pattern can be considered as an alternative option to reduce the injury of running activities. Furthermore, it would be possible to apply the foot strike pattern mechanism in humanoid robots, not only to extend the service life from the collision and vibration damage of the components, but also to make robots more human-like.
Chromatin Compaction by a Polycomb Group Protein Complex

Polycomb group proteins preserve body patterning through development by maintaining transcriptional silencing of homeotic genes. A long-standing hypothesis is that silencing involves creating chromatin structure that is repressive to gene transcription. We demonstrate by electron microscopy that core components of Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 induce compaction of defined nucleosomal arrays. Compaction by Polycomb proteins requires nucleosomes but not histone tails. Each Polycomb complex can compact about three nucleosomes. A region of Posterior Sex Combs that is important for gene silencing in vivo is also important for chromatin compaction, linking the two activities. This mechanism of chromatin compaction might be central to stable gene silencing by the Polycomb group.
Osteoclast adhesion and activity on synthetic hydroxyapatite, carbonated hydroxyapatite, and natural calcium carbonate: relationship to surface energies.

This study investigates the adhesion, cytoskeletal changes, and resorptive activity of disaggregated rat osteoclasts cultured on polished slices of three biomaterials: crystalline synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA), carbonated hydroxyapatite (C-HA), and natural calcium carbonate (C). The surface chemistry of each substrate was defined by X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy, surface wettability by the dispersive, and the polar components of the surface energies. Osteoclast adhesion was modulated by the polar component of the surface energy: fewer (p < 0.01) osteoclasts adhered to C-HA (97 +/- 20/slice, surface energy 9 +/- 5 mJ/m2) than to HA (234 +/- 16/slice, surface energy 44 +/- 2 mJ/m2) or to C (268 +/- 37/slice, surface energy 58 +/- 0.5 mJ/m2). Actin rings, which are the cytoskeletal structure essential for resorption, developed on all three materials. The area of the actin ring, which is resorbed by local acidification, and the osteoclast area, which reflects osteoclast spreading, were both greater in osteoclasts cultured on HA and C-HA than in those cultured on C. C was resorbed, but HA and C-HA were not. Thus, the surface energy plays an essential role in osteoclast adhesion, whereas osteoclast spreading may depend on the surface chemistry, especially on protein adsorption and/or on newly formed apatite layers. Resorption may be limited to the solubility of the biomaterial.
Spermatogenic arrest in men with testicular hyperthermia.

Sperm is produced by a highly complex and poorly understood differentiation process known as spermatogenesis. Occupational exposure to high temperatures adversely affect testicular function, causing partial or complete spermatogenic arrest. Dyers, cooks, blast furnace workers, and men with varicocele are known to develop testicular hyperthermia, which leads to oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) and azoospermia. Semen analysis of 122 infertile men (and 25 fertile controls), following the WHO guidelines, 1999, showed azoospermia in 106 men and oligozoospermia in 16 men. Twenty azoospermic and fourteen oligozoospermic men had high testiculoepididymal temperatures, either due to occupational exposure to high temperature or varicocele. All the 14 oligozoospermic men showed a very high percentage of sperm with abnormal morphology, impaired motility and they were subclassified as OAT group. Observations made in this study reiterates that high intratesticular temperature causes partial or complete spermatogenic arrest and may lead to increased production of morphologically abnormal sperm with impaired motility. This inverse relationship of sperm function with elevated temperature has implications in clinical medicine both in understanding pathological states and for therapeutic measures.
Mobile device impairment … similar problems, similar solutions?

Previous studies have defined a new type of impairment in which an able-bodied user's behaviour is impaired by both the characteristics of a device and the environment in which it is used. This behavioural change is defined as a situationally-induced impairment and is often associated with small devices used in a mobile setting or constrained environment. Relatively little is known of its extent or the magnitude of the problems faced by the user. Here, we place the work that has been undertaken into a comparative framework of impairment in the context of data input. Our survey finds that 12 problems exist which define all impaired input and we look to understand the similarities and possible solutions in the new impairment group of small device users. For instance, from the literature, we find that users who are both situationally and motor impaired: press keys more than once, do not use enough force and so a key is not activated, and accidentally type keys in reverse order. A wealth of other errors exist in the motor impaired domain but work does not exist to support their existence in the situational domain. However, if commonalities exist for some – it seems work should be enacted to uncover the commonalities of all. Establishing these possible commonalities is important because solutions from one domain can be leveraged into another thereby saving the need to reinvent interventions which already exist elsewhere.
Alpha-emitting bismuth cyclohexylbenzyl DTPA constructs of recombinant humanized anti-CD33 antibodies: pharmacokinetics, bioactivity, toxicity and chemistry.

UNLABELLED The alpha-particle-emitting radionuclides have several physical characteristics that make them attractive candidates for radioimmunotherapy: (a) high linear energy transfer; (b) short path lengths (50-80 microm); and (c) limited ability of cells to repair damage to DNA. This article describes the pharmacokinetic, bioactivity, toxicity and chemical characteristics of alpha-particle-emitting, 213Bi and 212Bi radiometal conjugated HuM195 (anti-CD33) constructs. Conjugation of HuM195 to SCN-CHX-A-DTPA resulted in the attachment of up to 10 chelating ligand molecules per antibody. RESULTS Radiolabeling efficiency of the CHX-A-DTPA-HuM195 construct with 213Bi was 78%+/-10% (n = 46) after 10 min at specific activities of up to 1110 MBq/mg. The immunoreactivity of the 213Bi-labeled CHX-A-DTPA-HuM195 construct was 84%+/-10% (n = 28) and was independent of the specific activity. The bismuth-labeled CHX-A-DTPA-HuM195 construct was rapidly internalized into the cell in a time-dependent manner ranging from 50% at 1 h to 65% at 24 h. 205Bi/206Bi-labeled constructs were stable for at least 2 d in vitro in the presence of human serum at 37 degrees C. After injection into mice, there was no uptake or loss of bismuth to mouse tissues, which do not express CD33, or to the kidney, which has avidity for free bismuth. Mice injected intraperitoneally with doses of (213Bi)CHX-A-DTPA-HuM1 95 ranging from 18.5 to 740 MBq/kg showed no toxicity, but at 2590 MBq/kg, two of the three mice died within 2 wk and a third mouse showed significant reductions in white blood cell counts. Mice injected intravenously with doses of (213Bi)CHX-A-DTPA-HuM195 up to 370 MBq/kg exhibited little toxicity, but 666 MBq/kg was above the MTD for mice. Leukemia cell killing in vitro with bismuth-labeled HuM1 95 showed dose- and specific activity-dependent killing of CD33+ HL60 cells; approximately 50% killing was observed when two bismuth atoms (50 fM radiolabeled antibody) were initially bound onto the target cell surface. CONCLUSION Alpha-emitting antibodies are among the most potent cytotoxic agents known, yet are specific and appear safe in vivo. The physical and biochemical characteristics of the 213Bi isotope and its generation, as well as the biochemistry of the 213Bi-labeled CHX-A-DTPA-HuM195 construct, make it possible to use the constructs safely and feasibly in humans at therapeutic levels.
Searchable ciphertext‐policy attribute‐based encryption with revocation in cloud storage

To protect the sensitive data outsourced to cloud server, outsourcing data in an encrypted way has become popular nowadays. However, it is not easy to find the corresponding ciphertext efficiently, especially the large ciphertext stored on cloud server. Besides, some data owners do not want those users who attempt to decrypt to know the sensitive access structure of the ciphertext because of some business or private reasons. In addition, the user attributes revocation and key updating are important issues, which affect application of ciphertext‐policy attribute‐based encryption (CP‐ABE) in cloud storage systems. To overcome the previous problems in cloud storage, we present a searchable CP‐ABE with attribute revocation, where access structures are partially hidden so that receivers cannot extract sensitive information from the ciphertext. The security of our scheme can be reduced to the decisional bilinear Diffie–Hellman (DBDH) assumption and decisional linear (DL) assumption. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carcass characteristics, meat quality, and fatty acid composition of wild‐living mallards (Anas platyrhynchos L.)

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the carcass characteristics, meat quality, and fatty acid composition of wild‐living mallards. The experimental materials comprised 30 mallards (1:1 sex ratio) harvested during the hunting season in northeastern Poland. The carcasses were transported to the laboratory where they were weighed individually, plucked, dressed, and dissected. The proximate chemical composition and physicochemical properties of meat and the fatty acid profile of breast muscle lipids were determined, and a histological analysis was performed. Body weight (BW) and carcass weight were higher in males than in females (P ≤ 0.05), whereas the percentage share of carcass tissue components was similar in both sexes. Edible components accounted for approximately 60% (♂) to 60.7% (♀) of the total BW of mallards, including lean meat; 40.9% (♂) to 41.5% (♀), skin with subcutaneous fat; 10.7% (♂) to 10.8% (♀), and giblets; 8.3% (♂) to 8.4% (♀). Breast muscles had high protein content (23.51%♀ to 23.6% ♂) and low fat content (0.82% ♂ to 0.84% ♀). In the fatty acid profile of breast muscle lipids, saturated fatty acids (SFA) accounted for 39.1% (♂) to 39.04% (♀), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA)—for 17.31% (♂) to 17.33% (♀) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)—for 43.61% (♀) to 43.64% (♂). The diameters of type IIA and type IIB muscle fibers were lower in males than in females (P ≤ 0.05), whereas lipid storage sites in muscles were similar in both sexes. The values of cooking loss (CL), water‐holding capacity (WHC), pH24, and color parameters of breast meat were comparable in males and females. The results of this study indicate that wild‐living mallards, both males and females, are characterized by high meat quality, and that seasonal mallard harvests can provide meat with desirable eating attributes, attractive to consumers.
Feed-borne Clostridium chauvoei infection in mink.

Jenkins, E. M. and Watson, B. B. (1969) Serum protein changes: an activity of the extracellular haemolytic-lipolytic protein from Listeria monocytogenes. -Am. J. vet. Res. 30, 669-677 (Sch. Vet. Med., Tuskegee Inst., Alabama 36088). Rabbits were given an i/v injection of a purified preparation of haemolytic-lipolytic protein obtained from filtrates of listeria cultures. Twenty-four hours after the injection, serum albumin and alphalipoprotein levels fell, and alpha-2 and beta-globulin levels rose. A biphasic febrile response and decreased packed cell volume and leucocyte count accompanied these changes. The decrease in alphalipoprotein indicated serious impairment of hepatic function, while the other responses superficially resembled those of bacterial endotoxins. Haemolytic-lipolytic protein is possibly a factor in the pathogenesis of listeriosis. Reprinted from "The Veterinary Bulletin", Vol. 39, No. 10, October 1969. Frerichs, W. M. , Holbrook, A. A. and Johnson, A. J. (1969) Equine piroplasmosis: complement-fixation titers of horses infected with Babesia caballi. -Am. J. vet. Res. 30, 697702 (USDA Parasitol. Lab. , Beltsville, Md.
Direct effects of estradiol benzoate and testosterone on the response of the male rat pituitary to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH).

Castrated male rats with pituitary stalk sections (CSS rats) were used to examine the direct actions of estradiol benzoate (EB) or testosterone (T) upon LHRH induced gonadotrophin release. Using a ventral approach, the pituitary stalk was severed and a barrier placed between the divided ends to prevent vascular regeneration. Data indicative of a separation of the pituitary from direct hypothalamic control were the significant diminitions of LH and FSH in sera of castrated rats. In both unprimed and LHRH-primed CSS rats, gonadotrophmn secreting cells remain responsive to exogenous LHRH. After a 14-day recovery period, CSS rats were pretreated with LFIRH only or LI-IRH plus EB or T for 6 days. Sixteen to 18 h after their last pretreatment injections, CSS rats were challenged with 5 or 20 ng LHRH. The resting levels of LH and FSH values in the sera of CSS rats treated with LHRH only or with LHRU plus EB or T were similar to those of untreated CSS rats. The sera LH responses to the 5 ng dose of LHRH in the EB-treated CSS rats (1 Mg/kgBW 18 h before, or 800 ,ig/kgBW 3 h before LHRH challenge) were similar to those of CSS rats pretreated with LHRH only. In contrast, ER-priming (1 or 10 12g/kgBW) significantly enhanced (P<0.05) the sera LH response to 20 ng LHRH. Pretreatment with T (250 �g or 2.5 mg/kgBW) led to a decrease of the sera LH response to 5ng LHRH. Using 20 ng LHRH, both T (2.5 mg/kgBW) and EB (1 or 10 Mg/kgBW) augmented the magnitudes of the sera LU responses. Compared to the 1 Mg/kgBW EB-treated group, the LU releasing action of LHRH is prolonged in the 10 Mg/kgBW EB-pretreated group. No consistent effect of LHRH upon FSH release alone or in combination with EB or T priming was observed. While intraarterial administration of LHRH did not show any change in FSH release, i.v. administration appeared to stimulate it. Our results indicated that the modifying action of EB or T at the pituitary seemed to be related to the quantity of both the steroid used for priming and the challenging dose of LHRH, since both affected LU release.
Prevalence of transfusion transmitted infections in blood donors: an Indian experience

A retrospective study was done on blood units collected from replacement and voluntary donors from 2001 to 2007. Seropositivity of transfusion transmitted disease in replacement donors was 1.96% in hepatitis B surface antigen, 0.85% in hepatitis C virus, 0.23% in HIV and 0.01% in syphilis. Voluntary donors had an almost negligible infectivity rate.
Usefulness of electrocardiographic and radiographic changes in the diagnosis of acute pulmonary embolism.

### Learning Point for Clinicians The utility of electrocardiography (ECG) and chest radiography in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism is often limited by their low sensitivity and specificity. However, the presence of multiple electrocardiographic signs of right ventricular (RV) overload and the Westermark sign (oligemia) in chest radiography suggests a high probability and severity of pulmonary embolism. A 75-year-old woman with a history of hypertension experienced general malaise and weakness for 1 day. Rapidly progressive shortness of breath was noticed thereafter and an ambulance was called by her family. On the way to the hospital, a sudden loss of consciousness was noted, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed by emergency medical technicians for cardiac arrest. At emergency department arrival, cardiopulmonary resuscitation was continued, and spontaneous circulation was gained 12 min after onset of cardiopulmonary arrest. Physically, neither respiratory wheezes nor cardiac murmurs were heard. The post-resuscitation blood pressure was 122/96 mmHg, heart rate 118/min, body temperature 36°C and Glasgow coma scale E1M1V1. Vasopressor and …
HARTIK: a hard real-time kernel for programming robot tasks with explicit time constraints and guaranteed execution

The characteristics of HARTIK, a hard real-time kernel capable of managing concurrent activities with explicit time constraints under guaranteed execution are described. This kernel is designed to extend the C language with a set of library functions, which allow easy modification of a sequential C program into a set of concurrent processes that can be executed with specified time constraints, such as periods and deadlines. The capability of guaranteeing the execution of time critical tasks, and the possibility of taking alternative actions if a time critical task cannot be completed within its deadline, represent two aspects of the kernel. These are of crucial importance for developing reliable real-time control applications. An effort is made to provide tools for realizing time-bounded programs and real-time tracer, which records all context switches that occur in the system evolution. HARTIK is being used as a platform for programming reliable real-time tasks in robotics applications. <<ETX>>
[Investigation on the patterns and knowledge regarding domestic violence among married women in rural areas of China].

OBJECTIVE To understand the knowledge and prevalence of domestic violence (DV) among married women in rural China. METHODS Proportional to Population Size(PPS) sampling method was conducted to select 3998 women aged 18 years old and above from Jilin, Anhui and Chongqing. All the women were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire during Nov. 2004-Jan. 2005. RESULTS The prevalence of spousal violence against women was 64.8 % in a lifetime and 42.6% in the past 12 months before the survey. Psychological violence was the most common type, followed by physical violence and sexual abuse. The prevalence rates for psychological, physical and sexual violence in a life time were 58.1%, 29.7%, 16.7%, while 37.2%, 14.0%, 7.7% in the past 12 months before the survey. All the total DV, psychological violence and sexual violence were more commonly seen in Jilin province, while physical violence was more prevalent in Chongqing city. The prevalence rate of violence was different among people with different social-demographic characteristics. Sexual abuse became more common with the improvement of education. In total, about 1/3 women suffered two or three categories of violence at the same time. Most sexually abused women suffered one kind of violence, while half of the physically and psychologically abused women suffering two and more kinds of violent behaviors at the same time. Married women had relatively little knowledge on domestic violence and 75.2 % of the women did not even know what domestic violence was referring to and some women suffered from DV themselves but knowing nothing about its implication. In general, physical violence was better understood among interviewed women while the knowledge about psychological violence was relatively poor. Conclusion Domestic violence, psychological violence in particular, was very common in rural China, while the knowledge of DV among married women was poor, effective actions should be taken to stop DV at no time.