Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Community Organization in Temperate and Tropical Rocky Intertidal Habitats: Prey Refuges in Relation to Consumer Pressure Gradients

The structure of a tropical rocky intertidal community on Taboguilla Island on the Pacific coast of Panama is characterized by extremely low abundances of noncrustose algae and sessile animals, indistinct vertical zonation patterns (a result of the low abundances), and the occurrence of most invertebrates (except barnacles) and upright algae in holes and crevices (as opposed to open, smooth surfaces). This contrasts strikingly with two temperate rocky intertidal communities, which have high covers of plants and animals, more obvious zones, and invertebrates and upright algae occurring both on relatively homogeneous surfaces and in holes and crevices. Field experiments were done and observations were made in the Panama community to test the effects of different types of consumers (both predators and herbivores) on their prey and on the types of escapes utilized by the prey. Consumer exclusion experiments suggest that (1) predation and herbivory are severe at all times of the year, (2) consumer pressure is a cumulative function of many types and species of predators and herbivores, (3) the primary effect of larger fishes and crabs is to restrict most prey to three—dimensional refuges (holes and crevices), and (4) the primary effect of smaller consumers, mostly invertebrates, is to keep abundances of the prey low. Thus, in the Panama system, three—dimensional space (holes and crevices) appears to be particularly important as a refuge from consumers, while escapes from consumers in body size, time, or two—dimensional space (e.g., in a higher zone) documented so frequently in temperate areas, assume secondary importance for many prey. This restriction of the types of escapes utilized by prey species appears to be a consequence of two main factors: the presence of fast—moving consumers (i.e., herbivorous and predaceous fishes and herbivorous crabs which are absent or rare in the two temperate communities), and the year—round foraging of all consumers.
Risk Analysis in the Management of Two Festivals

This research aims to identify the potential risks in organizing two festivals which share a similar coordinate: the mediatisation of Romanian musical compositions. The Trio Transilvan Festival preserves, recovers and promotes the traditional Transylvanian creations, whereas the Cluj Modern Festival is present in the field of contemporary music as a first stage for promoting the local cultivated creation. The prevention and limitation of risk factors concerning the two events provided the motivation to organize a survey which consisted in a questionnaire applied to the organizers: institutions, managers, financial officers, staff from the arts secretariats, sponsors. Following the statistical processing through the SPPS software, we were able to establish correlations between the risk perception of the two events in relation to several potential risk factors: strategic, operational, financial, commercial, environmental, the dependence on the audience, on human resources. The results revealed that the organizers of the Cluj Modern festival identify higher risks compared to those staging the Trio Transilvan, with the prevalence of such risks determined by the insufficient human resource and the economic factors. One of the elements contributing to the perception of risk situations is the dependence of the festival’s effectiveness on audience participation along with the specific venues, as environments differentiated according to the artistic offer may bring about additional risks. The assessment of the type of risk faced by the organizers of the two events is to lead towards the inclusion of the risk analysis in management practices so as to create interventions to limit their effects.
Insectivorous Birds Increase Growth of White Oak through Consumption of Leaf‐Chewing Insects

We examined the indirect effects of insectivorous birds on plant growth through consumption of leaf-chewing insects in a Missouri Ozark deciduous forest. Over a period of 2 yr, we compared insect numbers, leaf damage, and resultant plant growth for control saplings of white oak (Quercus alba), vs. saplings that we caged to limit access by insectivorous birds but not herbivorous insects. In a third treatment, we sprayed insecticide on young white oak trees to determine the impact of the insect herbivores on plant growth in the presence of birds. The total number of insects encountered on plants inside of cages was twice that on control plants for both years. Insecticide spraying reduced herbivore numbers substantially but did not eliminate them. As a result of the treatments, cage plants suffered 25% leaf area loss, control plants 13%, and spray plants 6% at the end of the first season (34, 24, and 9%, respectively, for the 2nd yr). As a result of the differences in damage, cage plants produced one-third less total aboveground biomass compared to insecticide- treated plants, with control plants producing intermediate values. Differences in biomass production were due mainly to decreased leaf biomass, which in turn was associated with decreased leaf size in subsequent years as a result of high damage during the previous year. This is the first terrestrial ecosystem study to demonstrate a significant impact of insectivorous birds on plant growth. Our results suggest that over the long term observed declines in North American populations of insectivorous birds may reduce forest produc- tivity because of potentially higher numbers of leaf-chewing insects and the concomitant negative effect on plant growth.
Comparison of Manual vs. Automated Protein Microarray Processing Tecan HS Hybridization Station and ISAC protein microarrays for the determination of specific IgE

In the recent years, the originally DNA focused biochip technology has been adapted for the monitoring of multiple binding events on a protein level. The benefits of this innovative approach are the minute sample volumes, the high sensitivity and the enormous numbers of measurements conceivable in a single drop of sample liquid, e.g. human blood. Due to the heterogeneous nature of the proteins themselves, the monitoring of interactions involving complex mixtures of proteins is by far more challenging and more difficult to standardize than for DNA-based hybridizations. As a consequence, several technological hurdles still have to be overcome to make protein microarrays a reliable tool for basic research and routine laboratory in-vitro diagnostic (IVD) tools. Here, we show that the automated processing of a protein microarray based diagnostic test (ISAC, VBC-GENOMICS, Austria) in combination with a Tecan HS Hybridization Station greatly improves the assays performance parameters, especially the reproducibility and signal-to-noise ratio. By means of the automated procedure, the total assay duration is reduced more than twofold due to an increased ligand binding rate. We suggest that assay automation will be an essential prerequisite for the standardization of protein microarray experiments in the field of basic research and for in vitro diagnostic applications in particular. By improving the assay reproducibility we predict that it will be possible to overcome current technological limitations, e.g. the inability to precisely quantify analytes in a multiplex microarray based measurement.
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND AND SEX AS CORRELATES OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES AMONG UNMARRIED ADOLESCENTS IN EKITI STATE

The study examined the educational background and sex as correlates of reproductive health services among unmarried adolescents in Ekiti State. The problem of the study arose from observed reproductive health issues faced by unmarried adolescents in Ekiti State. Descriptive research of the survey type and correlational design was employed. The population for the study was all the unmarried adolescents in the sixteen local government areas of Ekiti State. The instrument used was a questionnaire designed by the researcher titled “Unmarried Adolescents' Reproductive Health Questionnaire” (UARHQ). The data generated was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. It was found that many unmarried adolescents in Ekiti State are sexually active and that the status of reproductive health services influences them. The factors which affect the status of reproductive health of unmarried adolescents in Ekiti state include their educational background and sex. The findings of this study led to the conclusion that unmarried adolescents in Ekiti State have poor status of reproductive health. It was recommended that donors, governments, humanitarian organizations and development agencies need to urgently address adolescents’ sexual and reproductive health issues.
Studies upon morhological and biological traits of Festuca rubra, subsp.fallax (Poaceae)

Observation and measurements of some traits of Festuca rubra L. , subsp. fallax (Thuill.) Hack. ecotypes were made in 1995-1997 using samples selected from natural habitats and collected in Grassland Experimental Station in Sosnowica. High differentiation of traits under study and their correlations were found. Valorized ecotypes are good material for new varieties breeding.
Recycling of nitrogen from shoots to underground parts in hypernodulation mutant lines of soybean by split-root experiment.

Summary Soybean plants can fix atmospheric dinitrogen (N2) in root nodules by the association with soil bacteria rhizobia. Soybeans also absorb soil N from the roots, mainly in the form of nitrate in the upper fields. However, it has been known that nitrate strongly inhibits nodulation, nodule growth and nitrogen fixation activity of soybean nodules. Many hypotheses are proposed for the cause of nitrate inhibition of nodulation and nitrogen fixation, i.e., carbohydrate deprivation in nodules, decreased 02 diffusion into nodules, which restricts the bacteroid respiration, feedback inhibition by a product of nitrate metabolism such as glutamine or asparagine. In this report, split-root system was employed for investing the recycling of 15N in the opposite side of the half-roots supplied with 15N03 ― (lOmgN/L) in hypernodulation mutants and the parent Williams for 2 days. The percentage distribution of 15N in nodules were higher in NODl-3 (0.20%), NOD2-4 (0.47%). NOD3-7 (0.26%) than that in Williams (0.09%) possibly due to large mass of nodules of hypernodulation mutant lines. On the other hand, the percentage distribution of 15N in roots was relatively lower in NODl-3 (1.36%), NOD2-4 (1.20%), NOD3-7 (1.26%) than that in Williams (1.58%). The sum of the percentage distribution of 15N in the nodules and roots were almost the same between hypernodulation lines and the parent Williams. These results indicate that recycling of N from shoot to underground parts may not be the main cause of nitrate tolerance of hypernodulation mutant lines.
DETECTION OF MINIMAL RESIDUAL DISEASE IN ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA IN CHILDREN

Streszczenie: Wykrywanie choroby resztkowej metod1 cytometrii przep3ywowej jest oparte o okrelenie immunofenotypu komórek bia3aczkowych w okresie diagnostycznym ze szczególnym uwzglêdnieniem zaburzeñ ilociowych i jakociowych ekspresji determinant. Najwiêksze znaczenie ma wykrywanie choroby resztkowej w okresie uzyskania pierwszej remisji. Omówiono o równie¿ szczegó3owo problemy z ocen1 choroby resztkowej i interpretacj1 uzyskanych wyników w ostrej bia3aczce limfoblastycznej z linii limfocytu B i T.
Short communication THE ROLE OF COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS ON THE LIFE STYLE OF DIABETIC PATIENTS

Community pharmacists are one of the closest health care professional who can provide information to the diabetic patients about their disease and treatment. The purpose of this study is to investigate and evaluate the role of community pharmacists on the life style changes of diabetic patients in Turkey. Questionnaires addressing issues which were important for their diseases and lifestyles were given to diabetic patients who visited the pharmacy of the researcher in Safranbolu (district of Kastamonu province). Patients were informed about the quality of lifestyle changes by the pharmacist, and then questionnaire forms were re-given. It was observed that 64% of the patients who participated in the first questionnaire were on a diet. After consultation with the pharmacist and having the necessary information, it was determined that 76 % of patients took up a diet. Results of the study suggest that pharmacists have a positive effect on life style changes of diabetic patients. Therefore community pharmacists should take a more active role in managing the life quality of patients who have chronic diseases such as diabetes.
Alternative Methods to a TaqMan Assay to Detect a Tri-allelic SNP in the HNF1ß Gene

Background: Several studies report difficulties in genotyping HNF1β rs757210 using TaqMan probes. This is possibly due to the tri-allelic nature of this SNP. The aim of the present research was to develop alternative methods for genotyping rs757210. Material & Methods: Pyrosequencing and High Resolution Melting analysis of small amplicons (HRM) were developed and tested in panels of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (n = 258) and healthy blood donors (n = 183). Results were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Results: With pyrosequencing, allele frequencies for the A, G and C allele of 0.42, 0.56, 0.02, and 0.37, 0.62, 0.01 were established in the panel of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and healthy blood donors, respectively. Similar results were found using the more routinely available HRM method. Results for pyrosequencing and HRM were in 99.6% concordance. Conclusion: Pyrosequencing and HRM can be used to genotype the tri-allelic SNP rs757210 in the HNF1β gene and have the advantage over the commercially available TaqMan analysis that they can determine the rare C-allele variant.
Regional Inequalities of Development Policy? An empirical analysis of the Hungarian case

In this paper we introduce some relevant results of our PhD research about the relation between European Union development funds and territorial inequalities. The scientific problem of regional inequalities is a widely examined research question investigated by several disciplines. Accordingly in our PhD research we applied an interdisciplinary approach: we built the theoretical framework on the literature of new economic sociology, regional science and economics, we investigated the problem empirically with the methodological tools of social sciences and analyzed it using the methods of program evaluation. As for the results, they may imply conclusions useful for policymakers of social policy and EU development policy. Below we examine generally the appropriateness and success of the Hungarian regional development policy. Our main goal is to investigate empirically whether there can be explored mechanisms resulting in counter-final effects, i.e. to demonstrate the regional inequalities of regional development policy. A distinctive feature of our approach might be that the problem is examined from an institutionalized point of view (North, 1990), i.e. we study whether the institutional regulations and classifications generated and applied by the regional policy itself reach their aim (Stigler, 1989). According to our assumption they do not, so we expect the institutional regulation of regional development policy to be counterproductive.
The anatomy and development of the sacro‐iliac joint in man

developmerit of the sacro-iliac articulation, it w a s thought desirable l o include a few o h ~ e r ~ a t i o n s 011 i ts ~ r * o s s aaatomy. It i s regrettable tlial an adequate idea cannot IW o1)taitiecl f rom any standard textbooks of arlatoirly i n Ellglish. Tl1c tlescripti on s a r c fmgmcntaq-, (Joiiflic tiiig ai icl mi hwl ing . Little mentioii is made, for esaniplc, of thc consitlrrahlc variability in size, shape, wnd eontoiir of the auricular siirfaces, giving the impression that they all coiifoi.m lo the samc pattern. Yet tlieJ7 vary riot only froiii iiitliriclaai to individual but also from side to side of tlic same body. Thc sliape of thc auricular s u r f t ~ c m is L I S L ~ ~ ~ that of an L with the long arm tlireetccl doi.socautially, a n d lhc shoTt arm doi-hocraiiinlly, geiici*all;v a t i.igiit angles to the long one. Sometimes tlic two arms are of nearly equal leugth, resembling tlie letter Y, mill1 \rarying angles. R o n ever. , the short i3r.m maybe absent, the auriculn I' surface for*ming a rcwhiigle, or a triangle, and intermediate types also occtrr. I found tlic diagonal leiigth of tlie auricular sui-i'wes in clifferetit adults to vaq7 f iwnr j.3 mi. to 8 ciii. , and the iTTiillli f rom 1.8 to 4.1 c m . As usuallyv stated, thc auricular surfaces on the sa(mim incliiilcd thc first two sacral vcrtcbrae and very oftcii a part of the third. Tbwe surfaces probably reriiain flat utitil boiiie time a f t e r l,ubcrtT-, a s is gciierallp bel ievd, f o r those from a 13 yeilr-old fcniulc still were in thi. ; condition
ROLE OF VARIOUS SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS WITH COTTON WASTE SUBSTRATE FOR PRODUCTION OF PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS AN OYSTER MUSHROOM

Pleurotusostreatus exhibit a lot of medicinal properties and mostly grown on different residual waste material in Asia. In past mushroom mostly grown on agricultural waste, but now a day to improve the composition of substrate different supplementary materials are used. Current study based on the impact of various supplementary materials on production of oyster mushroom. Cotton waste supplemented with 5 percent of wheat bran, rice bran, and gram flour was evaluated for spawn running, yield performance and biological efficiency of Pleurotusostreatus. Supplements have significant effect on spawn running, yield performance and biological efficiency. Wheat bran gave best results followed by rice bran and gram flour. Supplements improve the nutritional status of cotton waste substrate which resulted in better mushroom growth. Cotton is an important crop of Asia, so current research is a valuable contribution for utilization of its waste material in an efficient manner with addition of supplements to it. These outcomes will be helpful for further optimizing the best combination of cotton waste substrate with supplements.
Interplay between Tbx20, Tbx2/Tbx3 and Bmp/Smad- signaling controls compartmentalization of the developing heart tube into working chambers and the atrioventricular canal

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Southern Gardens Citrus Nursery, LLC Permit 17-044-101r to Release Genetically Engineered Citrus tristeza virus Preliminary Pest Risk Assessment

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Effect of Ondansetron and Dexamethasone as antiemetics on postoperative pain and nausea

DOI: 10.4328/ACAM.20158 Received: 2020-03-10 Accepted: 2020-04-13 Published Online: 2020-04-20 Printed: 2021-01-01 Ann Clin Anal Med 2021;12(1):60-64 Corresponding Author: Dilsen Hatice Ornek, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, T.C. Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. E-mail: dilsenbaris@gmail.com GSM: +90 505 737 38 28 Corresponding Author ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3300-4839 Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the use of ondansetron and dexamethasone as an antiemetic in laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery on postoperative tramadol consumption. Material and Method: This prospective, randomized, double-blind study included 90 ASA I-II patients, aged 18-60 years who had planned to undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery. The patients’ ECG, blood pressure, cardiac rate, and peripheral oxygen saturation were monitored. Prior to anesthesia induction, an injection was administered from two syringes, which had been prepared with medications by another person. Intravenous injection of 4 mg of ondansetron (2 ml) and saline (2 ml) was administered to Group O (n=25), injection of 8 mg of dexamethasone (2 ml) and saline (2 ml) was administered to Group D (n=25) and injection of 4 mg of ondansetron (2 ml) and 8 mg of dexamethasone (2 ml) was administered to Group OD (n=25). Standard anesthesia induction was performed on all patients and was maintained with 1-2% sevoflurane, 50% nitrogen protoxide, and 50% oxygen. Immediately after the gall bladder was removed, a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device was loaded with 1.5 mg/kg tramadol. The PCA device was set to a bolus dose of 30 mg with a locked period of 10 min. In all of the groups, hemodynamic changes, pain scores (numeric rating scale -NRS), analgesia consumption (mg), potential side-effects of nausea and vomiting and sedation scores were evaluated at postoperative 5, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes in the recovery room and at 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours in the ward. Results: No statistically significant difference was determined with respect to the heart rate, mean arterial pressure and oxygen saturation values in the 24-hour postoperative follow-up period (p>0.05). The consumption of total tramadol was lower compared to that of ondansetron (p=0.002). In patients who received both dexamethasone and ondansetron, the pain scores and total tramadol consumption were statistically significantly lower from the postoperative 45th minute onwards compared to other groups (p<0.001). Discussion: The combination of ondansetron and dexamethasone was more effective in preventing severe problems of nausea, vomiting, and pain following laparoscopic cholecystectomy compared to the use of ondansetron or dexamethasone alone.
Description of Three New a Variants and Four New b Variants: Hb

We present here seven new hemoglobin (Hb) variants identified during routine Hb analysis. All of them are caused by a missense mutation except Hb Saint Chamond, which results from an in-frame deletion of the asparagine residue at b80. All these variants are clinically silent in the heterozygous state but two of them (Hb Cap d’Agde and Hb Dompierre) may be unstable, whereas Hb Nı̂mes could present a very slightly elevated oxygen affinity. These data are to be confirmed by appropriate biochemical tests.
Soft congestion approximation to the one-dimensional constrained Euler equations

This article is concerned with the analysis of the one-dimensional compressible Euler equations with a singular pressure law, the so-called hard sphere equation of state. We provide a detailed description of the effect of the singular pressure on the breakdown of the smooth solutions. Moreover, we rigorously justify the singular limit for smooth solutions towards the free-congested Euler equations, where the compressible (free) dynamics is coupled with the incompressible one in the constrained (i.e. congested) domain.