Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Heat Stress on Conception Rate and Estrus Behavior of Baladi and Crossbred Cows in the Hot Season in Upper Egypt

The current work was planned to study the effect of heat stress during the hot season on conception rate and estrus behavior of Baladi and crossbred cows. The cows were observed after month during the post-partum period. The cows divided into two groups, the first group treatment with spraying by water from one day at mating extended to seven days post-mating and the second group as control. The rectal temperature was recorded daily by digital thermometer onset day of mating till seven days post-mating. The present results demonstrated that mean rectal temperature at service and during the next seven days after service were of Baladi and crossbred cows that sprayed by water was lower (38.75±0.15 and 38.77± 0.15 C) than control group (39.18± 0.26 and 39.54± 0.24 o C) (P <0.05) respectively. The overall conception rate of Baladi cows was higher 42.5% compared to crossbred cows 35% during the hot months. Conception rate in Baladi and crossbred cows was higher in cows that sprayed by water (60 and 50%) than control group (25 and 20%) respectively. The occurrence rate (%) of heat signs (vaginal mucus discharge and mounting behavior) was more frequent in Baladi cows (45 and 50%) than crossbred cows (40 and 35%) respectively, but the difference was not significant (P <0.05). Concentrations of progesterone at estrus was higher (0.323±0.091 and 0.301±0.053 ng/ml) in pregnant than non-pregnant cows (0.247±0.042 and 0.211±0.031 ng/ml) in two breeds Baladi and crossbred cows (P <0.05) respectively. The present results clarified that treatment of the cows by spraying by water from the first day at mating till seven days post-mating lead to improve conception rate during the hot season. Therefore, this study recommends spraying water on cows before and after the mating period directly (body cooling) to improve fertility during the hot season under climatic conditions of Aswan Governorate.
Searching for the Seed Plant Ethylene Pathway in a Basal Plant Lineage: A Genomic Approach

PAGE The phytohormone ethylene regulates a wide range of developmental processes and stress responses within plants. For this reason, ethylene, ethylene precursors, and compounds that interact with ethylene pathways are commonly employed in industrial agriculture and food processing. Ethylene biosynthesis in seed plants depends on the activities of two enzymes. ACC synthase generates ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylicacid), the production of which is generally regarded as a rate-limiting step in synthesizing ethylene. ACC oxidase (ACO), a member of the 2-oxoacid-dependent dioxygenase (2-ODD) superfamily, converts ACC into ethylene. Previous studies observed an increase in ethylene production when seed plants were fed exogenous ACC, but observed no change in the ethylene production of non-seed plants under the same conditions, suggesting that non-seed plants do not employ ACO in ethylene production. The recently sequenced genome of the lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii, a non-seed plant, has revealed sequences with significant homology to seed plant ACOs. We identified and annotated 138 putative 2-ODDs in S. moellendorffii and, in combination with a variety of 2-ODDs from representative flowering plant species, subjected the sequences to phylogenetic analysis. The resulting tree demonstrates that S. moellendorffii does not possess ACO homologues. This supports the results of some previous ACC feeding studies, but does not exclude the possibility of a non-homologous gene of ACO function in S. moellendorffii. Arabidopisis thaliana, a representative seed plant, has five ACO genes. Using loss-of-function mutants of three of these genes, we have begun the process of developing a cross-species complementation assay to determine if selected basal plant proteins possess ACO function. We have performed ACC root growth inhibition tests on homozygous loss-of-function mutants. The tests indicated a measurable phenotype, and raise questions as to whether ACC may itself be regulating cell expansion. As related work is completed in other non-seed plant lineages, it should be possible to identify the evolutionary point(s) of origin of ACO enzymes and ethylene biosynthesis pathway(s) in plants. Hundreds of millions of years of divergence between seed and non-seed plant lineages has likely resulted in enzymatic differences that could be exploited for agricultural advancement.
Information-based taste maps in insular cortex are shaped by stimulus concentration

Taste processing is an essential ability in all animals signaling potential harm or benefit of ingestive behavior. Although the peripheral taste coding is well understood, current evidence for central taste processing remains contradictory. To address this issue, human participants judged pleasantness and intensity of low and high-concentration tastes (salty, sweet, sour, bitter) in two fMRI-experiments. High-resolution fMRI and multivariate pattern analysis were used to characterize taste-related informational content in human gustatory cortex (GC). Clusters within GC were narrowly tuned to specific tastants consistently across tasks. Importantly, taste concentrations completely altered the spatial layout of putative taste-specific maps with distinct, non-overlapping patterns for each taste category at different concentration levels. Together, our results point at population-level representations in human GC as a complex function of taste category and concentration.
Effect of Using Two Different Types of Engineered Nanomaterials on The Growth and Antioxidant Enzymes of French Bean Plants

The application of nanomaterials in agriculture is one of the most greatly studied areas in nanotechnology as it includes the using of nanofertilizers to transport nutrient elements to the plant at the needed time and required amount, thereby improving the use efficiency. This work was designed to investigate the effects of soil incorporation of two different types of engineered nanofertilizer namely: carbon nanotubes and chitosan nanoparticles alone or loaded with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) on the different growth criteria of French bean plants. The results indicate that after about 30 days from the date of planting, nanomaterials either alone or in combination with NPK significantly decrease plant growth and increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes implying that French bean plants were exposed to an oxidative stress.
Polymorphism of genes controlling low level of linolenic acid in lines from VIR flax genetic collection

Background. Linseed solin varieties were created for nutrition, but the effect of oil fatty acid (FA) composition on other characters is not clear. Materials and methods. Using 6 inbreeding generations from 26 heterogeneous flax accessions were generated 19 high (HL), 7 medium (ML) and 14 low linolenic (LL) lines. For each lines contents of 5 basic FA: palmitic, stearic, oleic (OLE), linoleic (LIO) and linolenic (LIN); the ratio LIO/LIN, oil iodine number, vegetative period (VP) phases and plants size were evaluated. Development of CAPS marker for LuFAD3A gene was performed using idtdna.com. Sequencing of LIN genes sites was done in the Centre MCT SPBGU and Eurogen. Results. ANOVA showed significant differences HL, ML and LL groups for PAL, OLE, LIO, LIN, LIO/LIN, IOD. Considerable decrease of LIN, causes asymmetric changes in FA ratio and correlations between them and other traits. Factor analysis revealed the influence of two factors. The first one divided lines according to their LIN level and characters associated with it, the second one according to the VP and OLE. LIN synthesis is controlled by two complementary genes LuFAD3A and LuFAD3B. Sequencing of LuFAD3A gene 1 exon of 6 lines revealed a mutation (G255 A255), resulting in formation of stop codon. Developed developed CAPS-marker confirmed the homozygosity of hybrids between LL (gc-391) and HL lines (gc-65, 109, 121). Descendants of hybrid between gc-109 and gc-391 ripened 8-10 days earlier than gc-391. CAPS markers of LuFAD3B gene revealed differences between HL, ML, LL lines. Sequencing of this gene first exon and the beginning of the second one in 3 lines (1HL, 2LL) showed that this method reveals a mutation in the second restriction site, located in the 2 exon (C6 T6), and causing the replacement Hys Tyr. Conclusion. Lines from GC have wide variability of FA and other agronomic characters, combination of which will expand the cultivation of solin.
Fluoride and hardness in groundwater of tropical regions - review of recent evidence indicating tissue calcification and calcium phosphate nanoparticle formation in kidney tubules

In many tropical environments, groundwater has high fluoride concentrations in addition to other ions such as Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and PO43-. These ions interact with one another and this geochemistry has a direct bearing on the health of the population living in such terrains. In the majority of cases, it is the groundwater that is used for drinking and the input of the above mentioned ions into the body often results in diseases such as dental and skeletal fluorosis, chronic kidney disease, soft and hard tissue calcification. Even though the actual input of the above mentioned ions into the body from drinking water as against diet, maybe low, as reported in some studies, it may be high in people living in tropical terrains where agricultural productivity and nutrition is low and where the consumption of such water is high.
nkx3.2 mutant zebrafish accommodate the jaw joint loss through a phenocopy of the head shapes of Paleozoic agnathans

The vertebrate jaw is a versatile feeding apparatus that facilitated explosive diversification. Its functions require a joint between the upper and lower jaws, so jaw joint defects — such as osteoarthritis or even ankylosis — are often highly disruptive and difficult to study. To describe consequences of jaw joint dysfunction, we engineered two independent null alleles of a single jaw-joint marker gene, nkx3.2, in zebrafish. The mutations caused the fish to become functionally jawless via a fusion between the upper and lower jaw cartilages (ankylosis). Surviving to adulthood despite lacking jaw joints, nkx3.2 mutants accommodate this defect by: a) remodeling their skulls drastically from juvenile to adult stages; and b) altering their feeding behaviors from suction to ram feeding. As a result of the remodeling, nkx3.2 mutants developed superficial similarities to the skull shapes observed in two lineages of ancient jawless vertebrates (anaspids and furcacaudiform thelodonts), including: a fixed open gape, reduced snout, and enlarged branchial region. However, no homology exists in individual skull elements between these taxa, and most of the modified elements in the mutant zebrafish occur outside known expression domains of nkx3.2. Therefore, we interpret the adult nkx3.2 phenotype not as a reversal to an ancestral state, but as convergence due to similar functional requirement of feeding without mobile jaws. This remarkable convergence underscores jaw joint functions as a powerful constraint during the development of jawed vertebrate skulls, which implies that functionally viable morphological patterns are finite, with or without functional jaws. Because nkx3.2 null zebrafish display prominent joint ankylosis, drastically modified skull shape, and altered feeding behaviors, these mutants provide a unique model with which to investigate mechanisms of skeletal remodeling and joint diseases.
Proteome-wide inference of protein kinase regulatory circuits

Complex networks of regulatory relationships between protein kinases comprise a major component of intracellular signaling. Although many kinase-kinase regulatory relationships have been described in detail, these are biased towards well-studied kinases while the majority of possible relationships remains unexplored. Here, we implement data-driven, unbiased methods to predict human kinase-kinase regulatory relationships and whether they have activating or inhibiting effects. We incorporate high-throughput data, kinase specificity profiles, and structural information to produce our predictions. The results successfully recapitulate previously annotated regulatory relationships and can reconstruct known signaling pathways from the ground up. The full network of predictions is relatively sparse, with the vast majority of relationships assigned low probabilities. However, it nevertheless suggests denser modes of inter-kinase regulation than normally considered in intracellular signaling research.
Corporate social responsibility as the basis of innovative development of modern companies: literature review and empirical study from Ukraine

During several decades corporate social responsibility (CSR) has passed a long way from the theoretical concept of several scientists and entrepreneurs to the integrative part of the activity of the large business. Being a contemporary and innovative strategy CSR has already recommended itself as an effective tool for the positive overall perception of the company by stakeholders and consumers. However, the direct economic impact of CSR e.g. its relationship with corporate financial performance still remains unclear. Thereby this article summarizes the long discussion about the influence of CSR on the corporate financial performance (CFP) and shows the current state of CSR in the largest companies of the Ukrainian market. The main purpose of the research is to estimate the role of corporate social responsibility in the innovative development and international diversification of the companies regarding their corporate financial performance by analyzing most relevant publications and main economic indicators of the largest national and international companies of the Ukrainian market. Consequently, the object of the study is CSR in the world and in Ukraine. The article comprises of two-part – theoretical and empirical. For the theoretical analysis literature review was performed via Google Scholar search tool by key words connected to CSR; empirical analysis of the CSR levels in Ukrainian companies included 100 largest firms according to Top-200 Ukraine 2017. Two indicators were estimated – the presence of the information on theirs official web-pages about CSR/sustainable development programs and the presence of the annual or periodical (several years) reports about CSR/sustainable development programs. After the exclusion of 12 enterprises with state ownership and 5 without relevant information, 83 companies composed 2 study groups: #1 – TNCs and their subsidiaries, – 21 companies, and #2 – other, – 62 companies. Moving to the results literature review showed that up to date a bigger part of the evidence declares the positive CSR and CFP. However, still, some studies failed to confirm this correlation thus issues about this relationship remains partly uncertain. Nevertheless, all authors admitted that today CSR is one of the basic components of developmental strategies. The empirical study of the largest Ukrainian companies showed that levels of CSR significantly differs between TNCs with subsidiaries and national large business (p=000,5) with higher levels in the first group. That means that CSR could be considered as an integral part of innovative management and international diversification of a firm. This article highlights one of the few studies about the current state of CSR in Ukraine, emphasized the important direction of further research in the field of corporate social responsibility in Ukraine. In spite of the scientific role, the results of this research may be useful for specialists in strategic planning, CEO's, financial
The effect of triamcinolone in liposomes on oral wound healing in rats

The purpose of this study was to determine whether oral mucosa wounds in rats can be successfully treated with triamcinolone acetonide (TA), incorporated into liposomes. A round wound was inflicted on the oral mucosa of female Wistar rats divided into four groups of 12 animals. This wound was treated topically from day 1 with liposomes without the inclusion of TA and liposomes containing 0.01% or 0.05% TA. The wounds of the animals in the control group were not treated. Polymethyl metacrylate was used as an ointment for mixing in liposomes. The size of the wound was measured until day 6. The area of inflammatory infiltrate under the wound was evaluated by histopathology, the expression of iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) enzyme under the wound was evaluated by immunohistochemistry until day 6. On the sixth day of experiment, the size of the wound and the area of the inflammatory infiltrate was the smallest in the group receiving empty liposomes (EL). Expression of iNOS was the most reduced in the group receiving EL. We conclude that oral mucosa wounds can be successfully treated with liposomes, although the incorporated drug triamcinolone would not be the appropriate drug for treating wounds of traumatic origin.
Fighting Wheat Stem Rust: Pathogenesis-Related Genes, From Conventional To Modern Approaches

Stem rust is a major threat to wheat worldwide. It causes damage to almost 85% wheat varieties and may reduce the annual yield up to 20%. It is caused by a pathogenic fungus Puccinia graminis. Many efforts are being carried out to eliminate this deadly disease but not successful due to less understood of disease mechanism at molecular level. Number of genes have been studied which are responsible for the disease but their interactions are not well known. In this review article, conventional and modern technologies to combat the stem rust pathogen are compared, and innovative approaches that make wheat resistant against evolving deadly strains of the pathogen are discussed.
Gene flow at the leading range edge: The long‐term consequences of isolation in European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L. Kuhn)

Isolation is expected to lead to negative impacts on populations due to a reduction in effective population size and gene flow, exacerbating the effects of genetic drift, which might be stronger in peripheral and fragmented populations. Fagus sylvatica (European beech) in southern Sweden presents a gradient of isolation towards the leading range edge of the species. We sought to determine the impact of long‐term isolation on genetic diversity and population genetic structure within populations of this species.
Enhanced prediction of A-to-I RNA editing sites using nucleotide compositions

RNA editing process like Adenosine to Intosine (A-to-I) often influences basic functions like splicing stability and most importantly the translation. Thus knowledge about editing sites is of great importance in molecular biology. With the growth of known editing sites, machine learning or data centric approaches are now being applied to solve this problem of prediction of RNA editing sites. In this paper, we propose EPAI-NC, a novel method for prediction of RNA editing sites. We have used l-mer composition and ngapped l-mer composition as features and used Pearson Correlation Coefficient to select features according to Pareto Principle. Locally deep support vector machines were used to train the classification model of EPAI-NC. EPAI-NC significantly enhances the prediction accuracy compared to the previous state-of-the-art methods when tested on standard benchmark and independent dataset. In memory of Shuvo Bose, one of my best friends from school, died in 2016.
Plaintext Wikipedia dump 2018

Wikipedia plain text data obtained from Wikipedia dumps with WikiExtractor in February 2018. The data come from all Wikipedias for which dumps could be downloaded at [https://dumps.wikimedia. org/]. This amounts to 297 Wikipedias, usually corresponding to individual languages and identified by their ISO codes. Several special Wikipedias are included, most notably "simple" (Simple English Wikipedia) and "incubator" (tiny hatching Wikipedias in various languages). For a list of all the Wikipedias, see [https://meta.wikimedia. org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias]. The script which can be used to get new version of the data is included, but note that Wikipedia limits the download speed for downloading a lot of the dumps, so it takes a few days to download all of them (but one or a few can be downloaded fast). Also, the format of the dumps changes time to time, so the script will probably eventually stop working one day. The WikiExtractor tool [http://medialab.di. unipi.it/wiki/Wikipedia_Extractor] used to extract text from the Wikipedia dumps is not mine, I only modified it slightly to produce plaintext outputs [https://github.com/ptakopysk/wikiextractor].
Anti-predator behavior along elevational and latitudinal gradients in dark-eyed juncos

Abstract Flight-initiation distance (FID), the distance between an individual and experimenter when it begins to flee, can be used to quantify risk-assessment. Among other factors, prior studies have shown that latitude explains significant variation in avian FID: at lower latitudes, individuals and species have longer FIDs than those living at higher latitudes. No prior studies have focused on the effect of elevation on FID. Given the similar patterns of seasonality, climate, and potentially predator density, that covary between latitude and elevation, birds at higher elevations might tolerate closer approaches. We asked whether elevation or latitude would explain more variation in the FID of a common passerine bird species, dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis). Juncos live in a variety of habitats along both latitudinal and elevational gradients. We found that statistical models containing elevation as a variable explained more of the variation in FID than did models containing latitude. We also found, unexpectedly, that birds at higher elevation fled at greater distances. While more predators were sighted per hour at higher elevations than at lower elevations, the frequency of predator sightings did not explain a significant amount of variation in FID. This result questions whether predator density is the main driver of risk perception along elevational gradients. Nonetheless, because elevation explains more variation in FID than latitude in at least one species, these findings have direct implications on how human impacts on birds are managed. Specifically, those designing set-back zones to reduce human impact on birds may consider modifying them based on both latitude and elevation.
Complete chloroplast genome sequence of Prunus mahaleb

Abstract Prunus mahaleb (L.) Mill. is a kind of ornamental species which originated from Europe and Western Asia. Here, we use Illumina paired-end sequencing to obtain the complete chloroplast genome of P. mahaleb. The complete cp genome of P. mahaleb with a size of 157,824 bp in length is a circular molecular genome, including a pair of inverted repeat (IR) region of 26,410 bp each, separated by a large single copy (LSC) region of 85,926 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 19,078 bp. The genome consisted of 129 genes, including 84 protein-codon genes (PCGs), 37 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. The GC content of the whole chloroplast genome is 36.7%. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that P. mahaleb was the closest related to P. cerasoides and P. maximowiczii.