Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shear Stress–dependent Effects of Lysophosphatidic Acid on Agonist-induced Vasomotor Responses in Rat Mesenteric Artery

We have previously shown that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a bioactive plasma lysophospholipid, markedly accelerates shear stress-induced Ca2+ responses in cultured vascular endothelial cells (ECs). This study aimed to demonstrate the impact of LPA and luminal shear stress on vasomotor regulation in the isolated rat mesenteric artery (MA) using a videomicroscopic technique. Although the addition of LPA to the perfusate in a concentration range of 0.03-0.3 μM had no significant effect on the basal MA tone, LPA in a similar concentration range led to increased phenylephrine-induced MA contraction and reduced acetylcholine-induced MA relaxation under physiological shear conditions. These vasomodulatory actions of LPA, which vanished upon removal of ECs, were positively dependent on luminal shear stress levels and were markedly inhibited by the LPA receptor antagonist Ki16425, the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin, and the thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist SQ29548. These data thus suggest that LPA can modify the agonist-induced vasomotor responses in MAs in a shear stress-dependent manner. This effect of LPA was mediated through ECs, the LPA receptor, and cyclooxygenase/thromboxane A2 signaling.
Correlation of Vegetation and Air Temperature Seasonal Profiles - Spatial Arrangement and Temporal Variability

The existence of a strict link between land cover annual cycles and seasonality in the meteorological variability is well known. Joint observations have been exploited for thousand of years as an efficient basis for the empirical land management in agriculture. In Europe, the first attempt to catalogue detailed records of seasonal weather and vegetation phenological events was made by the Marsham family in early 1700s but only during the 19th century this activity become more systematic in the attempt to collect records for wide scientific utility (e.g., Sparks & Carey, 1995).
Central administration of neuropeptide FF and related peptides attenuate systemic morphine analgesia in mice.

Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) belongs to an opioid-modulating peptide family. NPFF has been reported to play important roles in the control of pain and analgesia through interactions with the opioid system. However, very few studies examined the effect of supraspinal NPFF system on analgesia induced by opiates administered at the peripheral level. In the present study, intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of NPFF (1, 3 and 10 nmol) dose-dependently inhibited systemic morphine (0.12 mg, i.p.) analgesia in the mouse tail flick test. Similarly, i.c. v. administration of dNPA and NPVF, two agonists highly selective for NPFF(2) and NPFF(1) receptors, respectively, decreased analgesia induced by i.p. morphine in mice. Furthermore, these anti-opioid activities of NPFF and related peptides were blocked by pretreatment with the NPFF receptors selective antagonist RF9 (10 nmol, i.c.v.). These results demonstrate that activation of central NPFF(1) and NPFF(2) receptors has the similar anti-opioid actions on the antinociceptive effect of systemic morphine.
The Achilles' heel of the hemodialysis patient.

As an infant, Achilles was dipped by his mother Thetis into the River Styx to make him proof against all men's weapons. Unfortunately, the heel by which his mother held him did not get covered. Achilles was killed when Paris shot him in the heel with a poisoned arrow, directed by Apollo, the patron of physicians! The similarity of the Achilles' heel to the blood access sites of a hemodialysis patient is striking. The weakest spot in a dialysis patient is usually the wrist, not the heel. Infections and mechanical difficulties in the arteriovenous fistula are great problems. Since Scribner's first description of long-term hemodialysis in 1960, 1 the increase in the number of patients on hemodialysis programs has been exponential. The last report from the European Dialysis and Transplant Registry includes over 60,000 patients on long-term hemodialysis programs in the world. 2 The cumulated six-year survival is now more
ASPECTS OF THE ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE SKIN OF THE HIPPOPOTAMUS (H. AMPHIBIUS).

The elephant, black and white rhinoceros and the hippopotamus inhabit similar country, feed off land vegetation and have superficially the same type of almost hairless skin. The hippopotamus, however, is unique in spending most of the daytime in water or mud and feeding almost entirely at night or in the early morning. A study has been made of the structure of the epidermis of these animals and the differences found can, broadly speaking, be explained as modifications that are in accord with the animal's mode of life and surroundings. A more detailed study of the hippopotamus's skin shows that its structure, while probably primarily one of many possible modifications for an aquatic environment, permits a rate of transepidermal water loss that is greater than that in other animals for which figures can be obtained. No certain biological function can be proposed for this rapid loss of water; it is suggested that it is brought about by evaporation from the exposed layers of PAS-positive material which in this skin are continuous from the Malpighian layer to the surface of an unusually thin stratum corneum.
Detection of Human Papillomavirus-16 in Fine-Needle Aspirates to Determine Tumor Origin in Patients with Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck

Purpose: Patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) often clinically present with metastases to regional lymph nodes. Fine-needle aspiration of neck masses is routinely used to establish the presence of metastatic carcinoma and in turn to initiate a subsequent workup to determine the site of tumor origin. Human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 is an important etiologic agent for HNSCCs that arise from the oropharynx but less so for tumors from non-oropharyngeal sites. HPV16 detection thus provides a strategy for localizing an important subset of HNSCCs, but this approach has not been applied to fine-needle aspiration specimens. Experimental Design: We did in situ hybridization for HPV16 on 77 consecutive aspirated neck masses diagnosed as metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. P16 immunohistochemistry was also done because p16 overexpression may serve as a surrogate marker of HPV-associated HNSCC. Results: HPV16 was detected in 13 of the 77 (17%) aspirates. By site of origin, HPV16 was detected in 10 of 19 metastases from the oropharynx but in none of 46 metastases from other sites (53% versus 0%; P < 0.0001). HPV16 was not detected in 2 branchial cleft cysts misdiagnosed as metastatic squamous cell carcinoma, but it was detected in 3 of 10 metastases from occult primary tumors. P16 expression was associated with the presence of HPV16: 12 of 13 HPV16-positive metastases exhibited p16 expression, whereas only 4 of 62 HPV16-negative metastases were p16 positive (92% versus 6%; P < 0.0001). P16 expression also correlated with site of tumor origin: 13 of 19 oropharyngeal metastases were p16 positive, whereas only 1 of 46 non-oropharyngeal metastases was p16 positive (68% versus 2%; P < 0.0001). Conclusions: HPV16 status can be determined in tumor cells aspirated from the necks of patients with metastatic HNSCC. Its presence is a reliable indicator of origin from the oropharynx.
Improving grid frequency dynamics of synchronous generators considering wind energy penetration grid dynamics and operation

This paper presents a technique to improve the frequency response of a grid system having synchronous generators (steam and hydro types) and a fixed speed induction generator wind turbine. An embedded Low Pass Filter (LPF) in the DC chopper unit of an Energy Capacitor System (ECS) control toplogy was used to provide active and reactive power control to the grid network that is supplying heavy and light loads. A control strategy of an external circuit of a Series Dynamic Braking Resistor (SDBR) in the stator of the wind generator was also employed in the wind generator. The grid frequency control was investigated using both the ECS and series dynamic resistor. The results obtained were compared to a case where no frequency control was employed in the grid network. Simulations were carried out in Power System Computer Aided Design and Electromagnetic Transient Including DC (PSCAD/EMTDC) platform. The results show that a high time constant of the LPF in the earlier control strategy effectively damps the oscillations of the grid variables and restores quickly the system during network disturbance compared to the latter.
Detection of increased amounts of the extracellular domain of the c‐erbB‐2 oncoprotein in serum during pulmonary carcinogenesis in humans

Over‐expression of the c‐erbB‐2 oncogene‐encoded p185 protein product has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of human malignancies, including lung cancer. Over‐expression of p185 can be detected immunologically by quantification of the extracellular domain of p185 (c‐erbB‐2 oncopeptide) in extracellular fluid in vitro and in serum in vivo. An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the c‐erbB‐2 oncopeptide was used to examine banked serum samples of 11 pneumoconiosis patients who subsequently developed lung cancer and serum samples from 11 hospital controls matched for age, sex, ethnic group and smoking as well as 55 unmatched general population controls. The mean serum level for the c‐erbB‐2 oncopeptide in human neu units/ml in the lung cancer cases (1,756 ± 549 HNU/ml) was statistically significantly elevated (p < 0.001) in comparison to the mean level in the matched controls (976 ± 488 HNU/ml) or the general population controls (888 ± 655 HNU/ml). Defining a positive elevation of the serum c‐erbB‐2 oncopeptide as any value more than 2 standard deviations above the mean of the matched controls, 64% (7 of 11) of the lung cancer cases were positive compared to 0% (0 of 11) matched controls and 5% (3 of 55) of the unmatched controls. In addition, 4 of the 7 c‐erbB‐2 oncopeptide‐positive cancer cases had positive serum samples prior to the time of disease diagnosis (average = 35 months). These results suggest that serum c‐erbB‐2 oncopeptide may be elevated at an early stage of pulmonary carcinogenesis and that further prospective study of the utility of this biomarker is warranted.
Construction of a minimum-size functional flagellin of Escherichia coli

Various deletions were introduced into the central region of Escherichia coli flagellin (497 residues) without destroying its ability to form flagellar filaments. The smallest flagellin retained only the N-terminal 193 residues and the C-terminal 117 residues, which are suggested to be the domains essential for filament formation.
The ROCK isoforms differentially regulate the morphological characteristics of carcinoma cells

ABSTRACT Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) activity drives cell migration via actomyosin contractility. During invasion, individual cancer cells can transition between 2 modes of migration, mesenchymal and amoeboid. Changes in ROCK activity can cause a switch between these migration phenotypes which are defined by distinct morphologies. However, recent studies have shown that the ROCK isoforms are not functionally redundant as previously thought. Therefore, it is unclear whether the ROCK isoforms play different roles in regulating migration phenotypes. Here, we found that ROCK1 and ROCK2 differentially regulate carcinoma cell morphology resulting in intermediate phenotypes that share some mesenchymal and amoeboid characteristics. These findings suggest that the ROCK isoforms play unique roles in the phenotypic plasticity of mesenchymal carcinoma cells which may have therapeutic implications.
Probabilistic short-term wind power forecasting based on deep neural networks

High-precision wind power forecasting is an essential operation issue of power systems integrated with large numbers of wind farms. In addition to traditional forecasting methods, probabilistic forecasting is recognized as an optimal forecasting solution since it provides a wealth of valuable uncertainty information of wind power. In this paper, a novel approach based on deep neural networks (DNNs) for the deterministic short-term wind power forecasting of wind farms is proposed. DNN models including long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have achieved better results compared with traditional methods. Further, probabilistic forecasting based on conditional error analysis is also implemented. Favorable results of probabilistic forecasting are achieved owing to elaborate division of the conditions set based on cluster analysis. The performance of the proposed method is tested on a dataset of several wind farms in north-east China. Forecasting results are evaluated using different indices, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Cross-Lagged Relations Among Parenting, Children's Emotion Regulation, and Psychosocial Adjustment in Early Adolescence

Numerous studies have reported substantive correlations between indicators of parenting, children's emotion regulation (ER), and children's psychosocial adjustment. However, studies on underlying mechanisms are scarce. Particularly in early adolescence, it is still unclear whether relations between parenting and ER are caused by adolescent behavior, by parent behavior, or by reciprocal processes. Moreover, it is unclear whether ER can be seen as an antecedent or a consequence of psychosocial adjustment. The aim of this study was to examine predictive relations among parenting and adolescents’ ER, and adolescents’ ER and psychosocial adjustment, respectively. We collected longitudinal, multiple informant data at two measurement occasions (Grade 6, Grade 7). All told, 1,100 adolescents (10–14 years) and their parents filled out questionnaires assessing responsiveness and psychological control, adolescents’ anger regulation, and adolescents’ problem and prosocial behavior. Cross-lagged analyses revealed reciprocal effects between parenting, ER, and adjustment for the parent and boys’, but not for the girls’, report. Moreover, relations were different for adolescents with versus without clinically elevated symptoms of psychopathology. Our findings support the assumption that reciprocal relations between parenting, ER, and psychosocial adjustment are likely to persist until early adolescence. Nevertheless, the moderating role of gender and psychopathology should be taken into account. Possible reasons for the different findings, and practical implications, are discussed.
Reading strategy modulates parafoveal-on-foveal effects in sentence reading

Task demands and individual differences have been linked reliably to word skipping during reading. Such differences in fixation probability may imply a selection effect for multivariate analyses of eye-movement corpora if selection effects correlate with word properties of skipped words. For example, with fewer fixations on short and highly frequent words the power to detect parafoveal-on-foveal effects is reduced. We demonstrate that increasing the fixation probability on function words with a manipulation of the expected difficulty and frequency of questions reduces an age difference in skipping probability (i.e., old adults become comparable to young adults) and helps to uncover significant parafoveal-on-foveal effects in this group of old adults. We discuss implications for the comparison of results of eye-movement research based on multivariate analysis of corpus data with those from display-contingent manipulations of target words.
Mechanism of magnetization transfer during on‐resonance water saturation. A new approach to detect mobile proteins, peptides, and lipids

The mechanism of magnetization transfer (MT) between water and components of the proton spectrum was studied ex vivo in a perfused cell system and in vivo in the rat brain (n = 5). Water was selectively labeled and spectral buildup consequential to transfer of longitudinal magnetization was followed as a function of time. At short mixing time (Tm), nitrogen‐bound solvent‐exchangeable protons were observed, predominantly assigned to amide groups of proteins and peptides. At longer Tm, intramolecular nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) was observed in the aliphatic proton region, leading to a mobile‐macromolecule‐weighted spectrum that resembles typical protein spectra described in the literature. This effect on the proton spectrum is distinct from that of classical off‐resonance MT, which has been shown to be due to the immobile solid‐like proton pool. When studying a solution of major brain metabolites under physiological concentrations and conditions (pH), no transfer effects were observed, in line with expectations based on reduced NOE effects in rapidly tumbling molecules and the fast proton exchange rates of amino, amine, SH, and OH groups. The spectral intensities of the amide protons may serve as indicators for pH and cellular levels of mobile proteins and peptides, while the aliphatic components are representative of several types of mobile macromolecules, including proteins, peptides, and lipids. Magn Reson Med 49:440–449, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of co-processed excipients used for direct compression of orally disintegrating tablets (ODT) using novel disintegration apparatus

The compendial method of evaluation of orodispersible tablets (ODT) is the same disintegration test as for conventional tablets. Since it does not reflect the disintegration process in the oral cavity, alternative methods are proposed that are more related to in vivo conditions, e.g. modified dissolution paddle apparatus, texture analyzer, rotating shaft apparatus, CCD camera application, or wetting time and water absorption ratio measurement. In this study, three different co-processed excipients for direct compression of orally disintegrating tablets were compared (Ludiflash, Pharmaburst, F-Melt). The properties of the prepared tablets such as tensile strength, friability, wetting time and water absorption ratio were evaluated. Disintegration time was measured using the pharmacopoeial method and the novel apparatus constructed by the authors. The apparatus was based on the idea of Narazaki et al., however it has been modified. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was applied for the analysis of the disintegration mechanism of prepared tablets. The research has shown the significant effect of excipients, compression force, temperature, volume and kind of medium on the disintegration process. The novel apparatus features better correlation of disintegration time with in vivo results (R2 = 0.9999) than the compendial method (R2 = 0.5788), and presents additional information on the disintegration process, e.g. swelling properties.
Future perspectives, applications and challenges of genomic epidemiology studies for food-borne pathogens: A case study of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) of the O157:H7 serotype

The shiga-toxin (Stx)-producing human pathogen Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 is a highly pathogenic subgroup of Stx-producing E. coli (STEC) with food-borne etiology and bovine reservoir. Each year in the U. S. , approximately 100,000 patients are infected with enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) of the O157:H7 serotype. This food-borne pathogen is a global public health threat responsible for widespread outbreaks of human disease. Since its initial discovery in 1982, O157:H7 has rapidly become the dominant EHEC serotype in North America. Hospitalization rates among patients as high as 50% have been reported for severe outbreaks of human disease. Symptoms of disease can rapidly deteriorate and progress to life-threatening complications such as Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS), the leading cause of kidney failure in children, or Hemorrhagic Colitis. In depth understanding of the genomic diversity that exists among currently circulating EHEC populations has broad applications for improved molecular-guided biosurveillance, outbreak preparedness, diagnostic risk assessment, and development of alternative toxin-suppressing therapeutics.
Iloperidone (Fanapt): An FDA-Approved Treatment Option for Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a debilitating and chronic mental illness that affects approximately 24 million people of all ages around the world. The usual onset is between 15 and 35 years of age,1 and about 1% of all Americans are affected.2 Approximately 25% of all beds in psychiatric hospitals are occupied by patients with schizophrenia, and 50% of psychiatric hospital admissions are a result of schizophrenia.3,4 This mental illness can be characterized by the presentation of psychosis, cognitive impairment, social withdrawal, and apathy, all of which lead to impaired functioning in school, self-care, recreational activities, work, parenting, and interpersonal relationships. Among the psychiatric disorders, schizophrenia is considered to be the most disabling illness.5 Symptoms can broadly be classified into three groups: positive: unusual perceptions or thoughts such as hallucinations and delusions negative: a decrease or loss in the ability to speak, to find pleasure in everyday life, to express emotions, or to initiate plans. These symptoms are often mistaken for depression or amotivation; hence they are more difficult to recognize. cognitive: difficulty in organizing or planning, with impairments in executive functioning, working memory, and attention. These are considered the most disabling of the symptoms because they affect the patient’s ability to maintain a normal life.6 Two general classes of medications are used to treat schizophrenia: first-generation (conventional) antipsychotic agents and second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic agents. The most commonly used first-generation antipsychotic drugs are chlorpromazine (Thorazine, GlaxoSmithKline), haloperidol (Haldol, Ortho-McNeil), perphenazine (Trilafon, Schering), and fluphenazine (Prolixin, Apothecon). Although efficacious, these medications are associated with a high risk of causing extrapyramidal symptoms, including rigidity, tremors, dystonia, and restlessness. In 1990, the first of the atypical agents, clozapine (Clozaril, Novartis), was approved in the U.S. Although clozapine is considered to have extrapyramidal symptoms as a rare side effect, it carries five black box warnings, the most serious being agranulocytosis. Many other atypical agents are known for their metabolic side effects such as weight gain and an increased risk of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Other atypical antipsychotic medications include risperidone (Risperdal, Janssen), olanzapine (Zyprexa, Eli Lilly), quetiapine (Seroquel, AstraZeneca), ziprasidone (Geodon, Pfizer), aripiprazole (Abilify, Bristol-Myers Squibb/Otsuka), paliperidone (Invega, Janssen), and asenapine (Saphris, Schering-Plough). 6 In May 2009, the FDA approved iloperidone (Fanapt, Vanda) as an atypical antipsychotic agent for the acute treatment of patients with schizophrenia. In clinical trials, it was shown to be efficacious and safe. In this article, we review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of iloperidone in alleviating both the positive and negative symptoms of this disabling disease.