Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A study of citing motivation of Chinese scientists

The goal of this study was to obtain insights into the citation process focusing on scientists' citing motivation. Dif ferent from most citation studies, the research findings were derived from directly questioning the Chinese physicists. This exploratory study revealed that the number of citations (termed as citation output ) a scientist cited in a publication was not directly associated with the essentiality of these citations (termed as citation essentiality) Instead. citation output was related to an external factor, while citation essen tiality was related to a number of internal motivations. As a result, a citation relationship model was established. The study shows that an author's citing behavior is unique, per sonal and complex. Further investigations are needed to artic ulate the nature and norms of this more-private-than-public process.
Protocol to Isolate Sponge-associated Fungi from Tropical waters and an Examination of their Cardioprotective Potential

Fungi represent an essential component of biodiversity not only because of their high species richness at multiple scales, but also because of their ecological, evolutionary and socio-economic significance. Despite poorly understood natural history and uncertain estimates of diversity, marine fungi have been identified as a major source of new natural products with pharmacological applications. The aims of this study were (1) to characterize fungi associated with marine sponges in protected areas of the Pacific and Caribbean coasts of Panama, and (2) to examine their effects through radioligand binding assays on endothelin ETA (ETA) and neuropeptide Y Y1 (Y1) receptors, which provide an indication of cardioprotective potential. A total of 369 marine sponges were collected in areas of high biodiversity along the Panamanian coasts, including 156 from the western Caribbean and 213 from the eastern Pacific. From these, 2,747 and 2,263 fungal isolates were recovered, respectively, with variable isolation frequencies when sponge fragments were cultivated on five media. After determining the seasonality, geographic stucture, and taxonomic diversity of these fungal assemblages, we identified five strains that inhibited by > 50% the binding of [3H] BQ-123 and one the binding of [3H] neuropeptide Y to the ETA and Y1 receptors, respectively, at 100 μg/ml. Further studies are required to determine whether these interactions are agonistic or antagonistic. Drawing from our methods for isolating and screening these fungi we propose a general protocol for capturing, cataloguing, and assessing the pharmacological potential of previously undiscovered fungi associated with marine sponges.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A HIGHLY EFFICIENT DUAL OUTPUT BUCK CONVERTER WITH ZVS OPERATION FOR LED LIGHTING APPLICATIONS

A very large number of LED (Light Emitting Diode) driver circuits with optimal design and high efficiency are being proposed in the literature in the recent past. However, only a few such designs are commercially successful because of the complexity involved in the design of control c ircuit and also the cost of the driver circuit is a key factor. This paper presents the design and analysis of a buck converter with dual output having less number of switching devices, along with brightness control for LED lamps. Majority of LED drivers need a conversion stage in case of AC input and a transformer for isolation which increase the cost of LED lamps. The proposed circuit is based on coupled inductor which acts as the energy transfer element and also eliminates the need for a transformer, thus providing the required isolation between the power circuit and low voltage LED circuit. Soft switching technique such as ZVS (Zero Voltage Switching) is employed to avoid voltage spikes during turn-off due to the leakage inductance of inductors. The brightness of the LEDs is controlled and regulated using double PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) method. The converter thus has high overall efficiency and better regulation compared to other single stage LED driver circuits. The proposed converter is simulated in PSIM 9.0 platform.The effectiveness of the proposed converter is validated through experimental results.
Activities of x-linked enzymes in spermatocytes of mice rendered sterile by chromosomal alterations.

Spermatocytes in the late prophase of first meiotic division isolated from sterile males retain higher activities for three X-linked enzyme5, phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK)-1, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) than those of fertile males. The sterilty of the male is presumed to be owing to the rearrangement of X-chromosome material and the possibility of abnormal meiotic X-chromosome inactivation is discussed.
Chemical composition of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil and its effect on mycotoxigenic Aspergillus species

This study evaluated the antifungal activity of essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (Poaceae) against five mycotoxigenic species of the genus Aspergillus (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus) isolated from maize samples. The oil of C. citratus was obtained by hydro-distillation and analysed by Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The oil was dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons which accounted for 94.25% of the total oil and characterised by a high percentage of geranial (39.53%), neral (33.31%), and myrecene (11.41%). The antifungal activity tests showed that the oil was active against all the five Aspergillus species. The extent of inhibition of fungal growth was dependent on the concentration of the oil. The activity of the oil against the mycotoxigenic fungi had Minimun Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values ranging from 15 to 118 mg/ml. These results show that the essential oil of C. citratus has antifungal activities against fungi that are the producers of poisonous mycotoxins found in foods. This oil can be used in food preservation systems to inhibit the growth of moulds and retard subsequent mycotoxin production. Key words: A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. ochraceus, A. parasiticus, antifungal.
Diet of feral cats on subantarctic Auckland Island

Feral cats were trapped and cat scats collected at Port Ross, Auckland Island, during two weeks in winter 2007. Eleven cats were caught and 40 scats collected, including from upland tussock areas. Cats' diet predominantly consisted of birds (77.5% occurrence in scats) and mice (52.5% occurrence). The cats were relatively heavy and in good condition compared with other feral cats in New Zealand populations.
Anthocyanin-Tannin Interactions Explaining Differences in Polymeric Phenols Between White and Red Wines

Three white table wines were treated with additions of purified anthocyanins at 0, 250, and 500 mg/L and 0, 500, and 1000 mg GAE/L of grape-seed tannin in all possible combinations. The results of analyses for polymeric phenols were very consistent with the different wines and show that anthocyanins quickly complex with polymeric phenolic tannins to retain them in solution. The lack of such complexing explains why wines made from white grapes by red vinification methods are deficient in tannins and astringency. These anthocyanin-tannin complexes that form quickly in red wine differ from those produced by aging in remaining relatively adsorbable by Sephadex LH-20. These results have important implications for red wine astringency and other quality and processing characteristics.
Chapter VI: Experimental Contributions to Mental Hygiene

FROM the earliest days of educational psychology, experiments performed under controlled conditions in the laboratory have contributed to the understanding of behavior. Experiments with lower animals have been the source of many principles that are directly applicable to the education of human beings. During the past twenty years, an increasing number of experimental studies have been made of abnormal behavior in animals that throw light on human problems of conflict, frustration, aggression, maladjustment, and mental hygiene. An advantage of all infrahuman experiments is that a greater degree of control can be exercised over the total life of the animal than would be wise to exert upon a human being. This control clarifies the pertinent variables of many experiments. Studies of artificially induced abnormal behavior especially demand the use of lower animals since harmful effects may result. The applicability of concepts originating from animal experiments can be confirmed by comparing them to the findings obtained in the clinical study of persons who show deviations of behavior. This is the first summary of experimental studies of abnormal behavior in the REVIEW OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH, altho Sears (21) referred to a few such researches in his article on personality and motivation, along with other material drawn from theoretical, clinical, and anthropological sources. During the three-year period covered by this review fewer studies have been reported than in a like time immediately preceding, probably because many workers in this area have been occupied with war services. The small number of new references is offset by the publication of a number of summaries (5, 6, 10, 17, 20, 22, 23) , and especially by the full reports of two programs of long-term research, those of Gantt (7) and Masserman (13, 15) .
The initial stages of positive and negative corona DC breakdown of transformer oil

The initial stages of spontaneous electrical DC breakdowns in transformer oil in 1-10 mm positive and negative corona gaps were studied using simultaneous recording by an oscilloscope, photomultipliers, and image converter/intensifier cameras of nanosecond time resolution. The phenomena were untriggered, and were observed by their own light. Special care was taken to ensure observation of eventual semicontinuous current and light emission occurring between the more easily observed pulse phenomena. A 60-ns image delay mirror system was used when necessary to observe the very beginning of spontaneous streamers or breakdowns. The mobilities of the dominant positive and negative ions involved were estimated from DC current-voltage characteristics. The current-voltage characteristics indicate that negative DC coronas conduct current unipolarly up to breakdown, while positive coronas are dominated by bipolar streamers. The estimated dominant positive and negative ion mobilities are around 10/sup -7/m/sup 2//Vs.
Can bottom trawling disturbance increase food production for a commercial fish species

Fishery closures and marine protected areas are increasingly being used as tools to achieve sustainable fisheries. The ''plaice box'', a gear restriction area in the North Sea that was established to reduce the bycatch of undersized plaice (Pleuronectes platessa), is considered ineffective because there has been a shift in the distribution of juvenile plaice to the waters that remained open to bottom trawlers. Here we examine the hypothesis that bottom trawling benefits the small benthic invertebrates that form the food source for plaice and that the plaice box had a negative impact on food production for plaice. A size-based model of benthic communities indicates that the production of prey was low without trawling and maximal in areas that are trawled once to twice a year. Therefore, bottom disturbance may improve the feeding conditions for species that feed on small invertebrates. As plaice aggregate at the locations with the highest benthic biomass, this may explain the observed redistribution to areas outside the plaice box. We conclude that the plaice box may not have been the most appropriate measure to protect plaice from discarding and that the species' ecology should be considered when choosing the most appropriate management measure to achieve an objective. Resume´ : Les fermetures de la peche et les zones de protection marine servent de plus en plus d'outils pour obtenir des peches durables. Le « cantonnement a plies », une zone de restriction des engins de peche dans la mer du Nord etablie pour reduire la capture accessoire de plies (Pleuronectes platessa) de taille inferieure ala limite, est consideree inefficace car il y a eu un deplacement dans la repartition des plies vers les eaux qui restent disponibles aux navires de chalutage de fond. Nous examinons ici l'hypothese selon laquelle le chalutage de fond favorise les petits invertebres benthiques qui constituent la source de nourriture des plies et que le cantonnement a plies a un impact negatif sur la production de nourri- ture des plies. Un modele des communautes benthiques basesur la taille indique que la production de proies est basse en l'absence de chalutage et qu'elle est maximale dans les zones ouil y a du chalutage une ou deux fois par an. C'est pour- quoi, la perturbation du fond peut ameliorer les conditions alimentaires pour les especes qui se nourrissent de petits inver- tebres. Comme les plies se rassemblent dans les sites de biomasse benthique maximale, cela peut expliquer le redeploiement des plies vers les zones exterieures au cantonnement a plies. Nous concluons que le cantonnement a plies ne s'est peut-etre pas avereetre la methode la plus appropriee pour proteger les plies du rejet ala mer; il faut donc tenir compte de l'ecologie de l'espece lors du choix de la mesure de gestion la plus appropriee pour realiser un objectif. (Traduit par la Redaction)
Stand structure, succession, and use of southern Alberta's Rocky Mountain forest.

Structural analysis of the subalpine forest in southern Alberta shows that the old—growth Picea—Abies forest has succeeded even—aged stands of Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. that became established after fire 150—200 or more years ago. Because P. Contorta regeneration fails beneath its own canopy, an irregular— to uneven—aged understory of Picea engelmannii Parry x P. glaca (Moench) Voss. and Abies lasiocarpa (Hook) Nutt. becomes established. As the even—aged P. contorta overstory ages, sporadic death of overmature trees permits an irregular— to all—aged Picea—Abies forest to emerge and dominate, unless fire reinitiates the succession to even—aged P. contorta. Extensive and frequent fires in the past, mainly initiated by "dry" electrical storms, have prevented long—term successional development and have maintained most of the forest in the early P. contorta—dominated phase of the succession. Introduction of effective fire protection is now permitting progress toward the late successional phases. Widespread development of the Picea—Abies phase and the decadent Abies—Picea phase that follows are forecast. The ecological effects of such fire—protection policies are questioned. A silvicultural program of fire prescription is suggested for the maintenance of the fauna and wilderness value of the mountain national parks. Silvicultural alternatives in harmony with the ecology of the forest are suggested for the implementation of multiple—use policies in the Rocky Mountain Reserve.
IJSRD-International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 3, Issue 03, 2015 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613

A solar collector is the central energy source of any solar thermal system. It traps the sun’s radiation to produce heat and transfer this heat to a flowing fluid (air, water, thermal oil etc.) which is then used to energize a certain heating or cooling device. The designing & sizing of a solar collector for a solar heating/cooling system is a complex having number of interrelated parameters, which include, the type of solar collector, the changing heating/cooling demand, the weather conditions, the operating temperature range, the storage tank size, the capacity of heat exchangers, the weather conditions, and a many of economic parameters. Evacuated glass tube based solar collector is reviewed in this paper for various fluid heating applications.The review in this paper comprises of applications of evacuated glass tube based solar collectors for air heating and water heating applications.
HYDRAULIC FLOCCULATION WITH UP-FLOW ROUGHING FILTERS FOR PRE-TREATMENT OF SURFACE WATER PRIOR TO CONVENTIONAL RAPID SAND FILTRATION

Hydraulic flocculation has been used in many different ways in drinking water treatment for many years. In this paper, the results of experimental work using an up-flow roughing filter for hydraulic flocculation prior to treatment with conventional rapid sand filtration are presented. The objective was to evaluate optimum flocculation conditions with up-flow roughing filtration and the quality of formed suspensions with respect to their filterability. River water was used for the experiments. Turbidity removal, head losses development and velocity gradients in the roughing filter were the parameters used to evaluate the effectiveness of pilot plant processes. Overall turbidity removal in the pilot plant was between 84 % and 97 %. Removal efficiencies in the up-flow filter were between 18 % and 73 % and at the rapid sand filter between 77 % and 92 %. Both units operated under positive pressure. Irrespective of operational conditions established, G-values between 45–190 s were attained in the up-flow filter. Best performances were attained when the up-flow filter was operated at the lowest filtrations velocities and alum doses. Overall, the up-flow filter performed both as particle aggregation and separation unit and the quality of formed suspensions was suitable for removal by rapid sand filtration. The method can therefore provide a rather versatile technique for pre-treatment of turbid water prior to conventional rapid sand filtration.
High and super high strength duplex stainless steels for wire applications

www.stainless-steel-world.net S T A I N L E S S S T E E L W O R L D D E C E M B E R 2 0 0 7 19 Introduction Duplex stainless steels are today to be regarded as workhorses in many applications [1, 2]. This is mainly due to the fact that these steels have an attractive combination of high strength, high toughness and excellent corrosion resistance. Duplex stainless steels in the annealed condition possess approximately double the strength of corresponding austenitic stainless steels. SAF 2205 is a traditional medium-alloyed duplex stainless steel with high corrosion resistance, high mechanical properties and good weldability. The difference between SAF 2205 and other 2205 types of duplex grades is that SAF 2205 has a narrower composition range. A typical composition is shown in Table 1. This has resulted in improved corrosion resistance. Figure 1 shows the critical pitting temperature, CPT, and SCC resistance of SAF 2205 and that of the standard austenitic grades. SAF 2205 shows both higher pitting resistance and stress corrosion cracking resistance in chloride-bearing solutions owing to its higher pitting resistance equivalent value and duplex structure [3]. High and super high SAF 2205 High strength SAF 2205 has been developed mainly for tube applications, but has also been used for wire products for many years. Recently, high and super high strength wire products with unique properties have been developed using breakthrough techniques. This has provided opportunities for new applications despite the apparent maturity of the product. Figure 2a shows the yield and tensile strength of high/super high strength SAF 2205 wire products (or Springflex / Springflex SH) where tensile strength values as high as 3000 MPa can be achieved. Despite this super high tensile strength, the ductility of the wire material remains very good (Figure 2b). Figure 2 (a) Tensile strength of high/super high strength Springflex wires in as delivered and tempered conditions. (b) Torsion properties of Springflex and AISI 302.
B lymphocytes contain three species of μ chains

The murine B cell line cloned from a single cell, 38C‐13, synthesizes three species of μ chains, that of cell surface membrane IgM (m‐μ), that of secreted IgM (s‐μ) and that of intracellular IgM (i‐μ). They differ in their mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Sequence analysis of the different μ chains suggests that they are identical in the N‐terminal as well as in their C‐terminal positions. The ratio between incorporated radioactive monosaccharides to radioactive amino acids into the three different μ chains was higher in s‐μ than in m‐μ, but nevertheless m‐μ migrated more slowly than s‐μ on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. However, since this ratio may also be influenced by the rate of synthesis, it may not represent a real molar ratio of carbohydrate to protein. Studies with normal spleen cells clearly indicated the presence of the same three types of μ chains.
Environmental parameters and anthropogenic effects predicting the spatial distribution of wild ungulates in the Akagera savannah ecosystem.

Abstract Savannah areas affected by human activities such as live-stockkeepingandagricultureareoftencharacterizedbyshiftsin landscape structuring, with a predominance of few(er)habitat types. This is typically accompanied by pronouncedchanges in the communities of ungulates. The aim of thisstudywastoﬁndoutwhethershiftsinungulatecommunitiesinLakeMburoNationalPark(LMNP)areprimarilypredictedby an alteration in the composition of the preferred habitattypesorifmorecomplexinteractions betweenhabitatchan-ges and the prevalence of ungulates occur. Monthly roadcountswereusedtoestablishthenumberofelevenungulatespeciesinLMNPandadjacentunprotectedAnkoleRanchingScheme.Thecommonduiker(Sylvicapra grimmia campbelliaeGray, 1843) was found in more abundance in disturbedareas, while showing a signiﬁcant change in habitat use.Commonduikertendedtousethevegetation typeotherwiseused by the bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus dama Neumann,1902). Our results support the claim that the occurrence ofungulates is not only directly affected by the availability of‘suitable’habitats,butbehaviouralplasticityandcompetitiveexclusionalsoneedtobe considered.Key words: Lake Mburo National Park, spatial distribution,Uganda, ungulates
Impact of Health and Literacy on Economic Growth in Morocco

The objective of our work is to verify the impact of the improvement of health conditions and literacy on economic growth in Morocco during the period between 1980 and 2018. We based ourselves on the work of (Mankiw et al., 1992), in which they studied the impact of human capital on economic growth by integrating it as a component in the Solow model. The data we have used mainly comes from the High Commission for Planning and the World Bank. The observation that we have made is that the composite health and literacy index that we have developed has no significant impact on the growth of GDP per capita in Morocco during the period studied, which means that the literate and healthy work force does not have the expected effect on economic growth in Morocco. Thus, to be able to take advantage of its qualified and educated workforce, we suggest that the Moroccan authorities should encourage investments in sectors of activity that require this kind of workforce, because the study of the current market situation of employment in Morocco has shown that the agricultural sector and the informal sector have a significant share in the national GDP, but recruit an illiterate or low-skilled workforce.
THE ARCING PHENOMENON IN ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE MACHINING AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE MACHINING PROCESS

In the Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) process, transient electrical discharges are produced across a small gap spacing between an electrode (tool) and a workpiece and each discharge removes a small amount of metal from the workpiece. The surface finish, workpiece resolution and other characteristics of the finished workpiece are determined, in large part by the time-current characteristics of the individual current pulses. The machining rate is determined by the combination of the current waveshape of the individual discharges and the time between discharges or 'off' time.