Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF SOME LESS UTILIZED EDIBLE FRUITS

Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC) of five less utilized fruits such as Aegle marmelos, Spondias pinnata , Limonia acidissima, Averhoa carambola, Crescentia cujete and was compared with Phyllanthus emblica, (Amla) well known for its antioxidant activities. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of samples were correlated with antioxidant activities like 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picryl-Hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, Ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assay and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Methods: The total phenolic of each fruit extract were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method with some modifications and the total flavonoids were estimated by Aluminum trichloride colourimetric method. The DPPH antioxidant assay, The FRAP assay and TAC were determined spectrophotometrically. Results: The total phenolics were expressed as mg/100g Gallic acid equivalent (mg GAE/100 gm) and the total flavonoids were expressed as mg/100g Quercetin equivalent (mg QE/100 gm). TPC was found to be maximum in Spondias pinnata with 142.16 mg GAE/100 gm where as TFC was maximum in Phyllanthus emblica with 91.1 mgQE/100 gm. DPPH radical scavenging activity was expressed n percentage(%), FRAP values expressed as mg/100g Ascorbic equivalent (AAE) and the total antioxidant activity was expressed as mg/100g Ascorbic equivalent. Maximum DPPH radical scavenging activity was shown by Spondias pinnata (93.75%), FRAP values were maximum in Phyllanthus emblica with 72.6 mg AAE/100 gm and total antioxidant capacity was found to be highest in Spondias pinnata (50.1 mg AAE/100 gm). Conclusion: Spondias pinnata , an underutilized fruit, was found to be promising with antioxidant activities comparable to Phyllanthus emblica .
STUDY OF MINT EXTRACTS ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY BY ELECTROCHEMICAL METHODS

The total amount of antioxidants and their activity with respect to oxygen and its radicals are mea- sured in water extract of mint peppery (Mentha piperita L.) by two electrochemical methods: ammetric and voltammetric. Mechanisms of interaction of antioxidants with oxygen and its radicals have been investigated.
Measuring real exchange rate instability in developing countries : empirical evidence and implications

Exchange rate policy has received renewed attention because of its prominent role in adjustment programs. Several analysts have examined the impact of real exchange rate uncertainty on the performance of such economic variables as GDP growth, exports, and investment. The author uses data on the real exchange rate for 56 developing countries with managed exchange rates to make three points. First, the distribution of annual changes in real exchange rates is highly non-normal - both skewness and excess kurtosis. Secondly, this asymmetric non-normality implies that the common practice of using the standard deviation (or coefficient of variation) to compare real exchange rate uncertainty across countries is not justified. Finally, empirically, the higher order moments (skewness and kurtosis) are at least as important as the standard deviation in explaining cross-country performance.
PLOUGH PAN IMPACTS MAIZE GRAIN YIELD, CARBON ASSIMILATION, AND NITROGEN UPTAKE IN THE CORN BELT OF NORTHEAST CHINA

This study aims to investigate the responses of carbon assimilation, grain yield, leaf stay-green rate, nitrogen uptake and distribution to soil compaction in the hard plow pan caused by repeated use of tractor-driven cultivator in Northeast China. The typical hybrid maize variety “Zhengdan 958” was exposed to two treatments of simulated plow pan (SP) and simulated subsoiling (SS, control) in pot experiments from 2012 to 2014. Compared with SS, SP significantly reduced net photosynthetic rate (Pn) during growth stage, leading to a decrease in dry matter accumulation (DMA) and grain yield (GY) in three consecutive experimental years. Leaf stay-green degrees (LSD), which showed a fast descending trend from 20 days after silking (DAS), significantly decreased in the later filling stage under SP treatment. The translocation eﬃciency of the stored N (TEN) in stalk and leaf to the grain during pre-silking was enhanced, whereas leaf and grain N concentration (LNC/GNC), together with N accumulation amounts at maturity were significantly reduced under SP treatment. Also, plough pan reduced the N distribution to the organs of stalk, leaf and grain. In conclusion, subsoiling is a possible way to delay leaf senescence and achieve higher DMA and GY, and increased grain N in the corn belt of Northeast China.
Advection and dispersion of bed load tracers

Abstract. We use the erosion–deposition model introduced by Charru et al. ( 2004 ) to numerically simulate the evolution of a plume of bed load tracers entrained by a steady flow. In this model, the propagation of the plume results from the stochastic exchange of particles between the bed and the bed load layer. We find a transition between two asymptotic regimes. The tracers, initially at rest, are gradually set into motion by the flow. During this entrainment regime, the plume is strongly skewed in the direction of propagation and continuously accelerates while spreading nonlinearly. With time, the skewness of the plume eventually reaches a maximum value before decreasing. This marks the transition to an advection–diffusion regime in which the plume becomes increasingly symmetrical, spreads linearly, and advances at constant velocity. We analytically derive the expressions of the position, the variance, and the skewness of the plume and investigate their asymptotic regimes. Our model assumes steady state. In the field, however, bed load transport is intermittent. We show that the asymptotic regimes become insensitive to this intermittency when expressed in terms of the distance traveled by the plume. If this finding applies to the field, it might provide an estimate for the average bed load transport rate.
A Bayesian Classifier for X-Ray Pulsars Recognition

Recognition for X-ray pulsars is important for the problem of spacecraft’s attitude determination by X-ray Pulsar Navigation (XPNAV). By using the nonhomogeneous Poisson model of the received photons and the minimum recognition error criterion, a classifier based on the Bayesian theorem is proposed. For X-ray pulsars recognition with unknown Doppler frequency and initial phase, the features of every X-ray pulsar are extracted and the unknown parameters are estimated using the Maximum Likelihood (ML) method. Besides that, a method to recognize unknown X-ray pulsars or X-ray disturbances is proposed. Simulation results certificate the validity of the proposed Bayesian classifier.
Comparative Assessment of the Factors and Conditions of the Formation of the Neoindustrial Social State in Russia and Germany

Russia and Germany are traditionally considered to be countries with the social orientation of the economy. These countries are also close in terms of the share of real sector of economy in their GDP. And, although it is in Germany that the social market economy originated, which largely determined its leadership in the global economy, in the context of today’s crisis of the welfare state, the search of a new development model is as relevant for it as it is for Russia which has set off on the way to modernization and the neoindustrialization. The article suggests a hypothesis about the formation of a new development model which combines the social orientation of economy, the processes of the neo-industrialization and globalization. At the same time, social orientation is the main goal of socio-economic development, neo-industrialization is the way to achieve it, and globalization is the criterion that provides for more efficient use of resources. It is provided a summary of the theoretical basis for the development of a “social state” in the works of the German and Russian scholars who laid the foundations of economic humanism, which allowed to prove the futility of modernization which is implemented without due consideration of the deep mental bases and the civilization codes of the nation’s development. The methodological approaches to the formation of a new model of neo-industrial social state have been developed, which identifies several levels: global, national, local, individual, and suggested a methodology to assess the factors and conditions of its development. The method is tested on the example of Russia and Germany. The conducted comparative analysis allowed to come to the conclusion about the common nature of the targets, initial conditions, problems and the ways to their solution in these countries, which has to be taken into consideration in the development of the socioeconomic strategy and policy of the countries, as well as in the cooperation between them.
Charles Ehresmann's concepts in differential geometry

We outline some of the tools C. Ehresmann introduced in Differential Geometry (fiber bundles, connections, jets, groupoids, pseudogroups). We emphasize two aspects of C. Ehresmann’s works: use of Cartan notations for the theory of connections and semi-holonomic jets. Introduction. As R. Hermann puts it “Ehresmann’s work was very prophetic and provided a general framework for describing Geometry and the mathematics which have a geometric component”. One of the motivations of C. Ehresmann to build up the foundations of Differential Geometry was to understand Elie Cartan’s work from a global point of view. He was also influenced by S. Lie and E. Vessiot. Besides his written work, C. Ehresmann had a great influence in the development of Geometry. His lectures, his seminars (where well known mathematicians of many countries, as well as young mathematicians like Thom, Reeb, Kuiper, Wu Wen Tsun, . . . explained their results), his private conversations (where generously he gave new ideas) had played a significant part in this development. The written part of Ehresmann’s work in Differential Geometry and Algebraic Topology is published in the first volume (parts 1 and 2) of his “Œuvres completes” [6]. This volume also contains a report of C. Ehresmann on his own work (written in 1955) and comments from W. Van Est (homogeneous spaces and Lie groups), M. Zisman (fiber bundles), G. Reeb (foliations), R. Thom (jets), P. Libermann (connections and Lie pseudogroups), J. Pradines (groupoids), R. Hermann (applications to Physics and control 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 53C05; Secondary 58A20, 58H05.
International Trade, Migration and Investment with Horizontal Product Differentiation and Free Entry and Exit of Firms

Este documento construye un modelo de carretera circular del mundo con diferenciacion horizontal de producto y libre entrada y salida de firmas, para mostrar que un comercio internacional mas libre aumenta el bienestar –con preferencias de variedad ideal– por medio de la explotacion de economias de escala y de una mejor asignacion de recursos, que todos los paises participantes ganan con el comercio y que los paises mas pequenos tienen mas que ganar del libre comercio que los paises grandes. La resistencia politica a la liberacion del comercio, a la migracion internacional y a la inversion extranjera directa tambien se estudian con el modelo. Finalmente, el modelo provee una microfundamentacion para el uso de curvas de demanda con pendientes constantes y negativas.
Plant–soil feedback: experimental approaches, statistical analyses and ecological interpretations

1. Feedback between plants and soil organisms has become widely recognized as a driving force of community composition and ecosystem functioning. However, there is little uniformity in quantification and analysis of plant–soil feedback effects. Meta‐analysis suggested that the various experimental methods tend to result in different feedback values. Yet, a direct comparison of the different experimental approaches and their statistical analyses is lacking.
TIDAL HEATING IN MULTILAYERED TERRESTRIAL EXOPLANETS

The internal pattern and overall magnitude of tidal heating for spin-synchronous terrestrial exoplanets from 1 to 2.5 RE is investigated using a propagator matrix method for a variety of layer structures. Particular attention is paid to ice–silicate hybrid super-Earths, where a significant ice mantle is modeled to rest atop an iron-silicate core, and may or may not contain a liquid water ocean. We find multilayer modeling often increases tidal dissipation relative to a homogeneous model, across multiple orbital periods, due to the ability to include smaller volume low viscosity regions, and the added flexure allowed by liquid layers. Gradations in parameters with depth are explored, such as allowed by the Preliminary Earth Reference Model. For ice–silicate hybrid worlds, dramatically greater dissipation is possible beyond the case of a silicate mantle only, allowing non-negligible tidal activity to extend to greater orbital periods than previously predicted. Surface patterns of tidal heating are found to potentially be useful for distinguishing internal structure. The influence of ice mantle depth and water ocean size and position are shown for a range of forcing frequencies. Rates of orbital circularization are found to be 10–100 times faster than standard predictions for Earth-analog planets when interiors are moderately warmer than the modern Earth, as well as for a diverse range of ice–silicate hybrid super-Earths. Circularization rates are shown to be significantly longer for planets with layers equivalent to an ocean-free modern Earth, as well as for planets with high fractions of either ice or silicate melting.
Functional antagonism between nitrogen-fixing leguminous trees and calcicole-drought-tolerant trees in the Cerrado

The Cerrado is the largest savanna of South America and its physiognomy varies from savanna to woodlands. There are two main types of woodlands in the Cerrado: dystrophic woodlands, dominated by N-fixing leguminous trees (LEG), and mesotrophic woodlands dominated by non-leguminous drought-tolerant trees (DRY), which are calcicoles and sensitive to Al3+. The working hypothesis is that LEG and DRY are functional antagonists in terms of the acidification/alkalization processes involving different forms of inorganic nitrogen and pH, Ca2+ and Al3+ in soil. Tree species basal area and soil properties were used to investigate the antagonism between LEG and DRY using generalized linear models. The results suggest that LEG and DRY are antagonists. The LEG were positively associated with Al3+, NO3- and NH4+ content and negatively related to increasing Ca2+ content, whereas the DRY were negatively associated with Al3+, NO3- and NH4+ and positively associated with increasing Ca2+ content. The upper soil layer in plots dominated by LEG species became more acidic and the upper soil layer in plots dominated by DRY species became more alkaline. The results suggest that LEG and DRY are functional antagonists and their preferences for NH4+ or NO3- might influence the way the Cerrado woodland changes.
Estimation of Redevelopment Probability using Panel Data : Asset Bubble Burst and Office Market in Tokyo

Purpose - When Japan's asset bubble burst, the office vacancy rate soared sharply. This study seeks to target the office market in Tokyo's 23 special wards during Japan's bubble burst period. It aims to define economic conditions for the redevelopment/conversion of offices into housing and estimate the redevelopment/conversion probability under the conditions. Design/methodology/approach - The precondition for land-use conversion is that subsequent profit excluding destruction and reconstruction costs is estimated to increase from the present level for existing buildings. Regarding hedonic functions for offices and housing and computed profit gaps for approximately 40,000 buildings used for offices in 1991, it was projected how the profit gaps would influence the land-use conversion probability. Specifically, panel data for two time points in the 1990s were used to examine the significance of redevelopment/conversion conditions. Findings - It was found that, if random effects are used to control for individual characteristics of buildings, the redevelopment probability rises significantly when profit from land after redevelopment is expected to exceed that from present land uses. This increase is larger in the central part of a city. Research limitations/implications - Limitations stem from the nature of Japanese data limited to the conversion of offices into housing. In the future, a model may be developed to generalize land-use conversion conditions. Originality/value - This is the first study to specify the process of land-use adjustments that emerged during the bubble burst. This is also the first empirical study using panel data to analyze conditions for redevelopment.
Extracting clinically relevant information from pulse oximetry traces

Cardiovascular assessment is necessary, yet unafordable for large population groups worlwide. Here we illustrate how signals obtained from standard oximeters can provide reliable estimates for transit time, a measure associated to vascular stiffness, as well as complexity measures derived from Recursive plot analysis. The salient features of our research were: 1) The possibility to use of photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals as a surrogate for transit time estimation; 2)The use of PPG signals for HRV analysis; 3)The possibility to use 2-min PPG recordings for cardiovascular estimation; 4)The proposal of a new vascular age estimator. An automated algorithm for estimating transit time from the PPG waveform yielded a strong association with age (r=0.80). All indices obtained from Recurrent Plot analysis of tachograms with PPG signals exhibited a high correlation with subject´s age. On the basis of the estimated indices a new estimator for cardiovascular age has been introduced, which exhibited a high correlation with age (r=0.97). Thus we concluded that PPG signals do retain information about cardiovascular age. This is evidenced from changes with age of different indices obtained from 2-min duration PPG traces. These result might be relevant for boosting cardiovascular diagnosis in settings with limited resources. Keywords: Pulse Oximetry, Heart Rate Variability, Transit Time Estimation, Recurrent Plot Analysis, Cardio Vascular Age.
Title IX From Athletics to Academics: How to Use the Law to Increase the Enrollment of Women in College Engineering Programs

1 Catherine Pieronek, J.D. , University of Notre Dame, Women’s Engineering Program, 257 Fitzpatrick Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, (574) 631-4385, cpierone@nd.edu Abstract – Aggressive enforcement of Title IX mandates in school-sponsored athletic programs has resulted in dramatic gains for female student-athletes. This success has caused engineering educators to ask whether the law could help to increase the number of women pursuing engineering degrees. In attempting to answer this question, this paper first explains the operation of Title IX, concentrating on the statutory language, regulations, interpretive materials and judicial decisions that impact the practical enforcement of the law. This paper then explores Title IX enforcement efforts in other contexts in an attempt to understand appropriate strategies for ensuring that engineering programs adhere to basic principles of gender equity, thereby creating a more suitable environment for the success of female students.
Nonuniform Spatial Sampling in a Ground-Based Noise SAR

The paper presents an idea of nonuniform spatial sampling applied to a noise synthetic aperture radar. In certain cases it is desirable to limit the number of spatial (alongtrack) domain samples acquired in a SAR radar because of external constraints on sampling frequency or on the overall number of samples – e.g. in order to economy on time or power consumed. Lowering number of samples taken may, however, lead to spatial aliasing and incorrect reconstruction of the image. Nonuniform sampling allows to reduce the aliasing effect and reconstruct the image better. This technique can be applied with standard reconstruction methods, but it works best together with Compressive Sensing reconstruction algorithms. The idea will be verified with an experimental noise SAR built at ISE PW. Keywords—Nonuniform sampling, noise radar, synthetic aperture radar (SAR), compressive sampling.
PROGRESS ON PRACTICAL METHODS OF ERROR ESTIMATION FOR ENGINEERING CALCULATIONS

In the present paper, the goal-oriented error estimation method is applied to several complex engineering analysis of three-dimensional elastic solids. In the examples considered, the errors are estimated with respect to displacement or stress components at a given point in the solid. The numerical results indicate that the method can be used effectively for complex engineering applications.
Carbon8: Combined carbon capture and waste treatment – A commercial reality

Waste valorisation is essential to ensure future sustainability. However, often technologies are either undeveloped, remain uneconomical, or hindered by legislative barriers. Using technology developed by Carbon8 Systems Ltd, industrial thermal residues can be solidified and stabilised in a hardened pellet form that can be a direct substitute for natural aggregate e.g. for the production of concrete construction blocks. The route to commercialising the technology, which has required demonstrating the transition from hazardous waste feedstock to safe usable product, has been difficult and complex. The aggregates produced were rigorously tested and finally given ‘end-of-waste’ designation by the Environment Agency. In early 2012, a bespoke commercial plant was commissioned at Brandon in Suffolk, UK. In 2014, a second production line was added to the Brandon facility, increasing its capacity to 60,000 tonnes per year. The ACT-produced aggregate is carbon negative as it contains more imbibed carbon than is generated by its production. Consequently, concrete construction blocks produced can also be carbon negative, and are marketed under the name ‘Carbon Buster’. Plans are at an advanced stage for the construction of a second production facility in the UK. This is scheduled to be operational by late 2015.
Community-level Obesity Prevention Initiatives Using the Concept of " Population Dose " in Planning and Evaluating

When planning and evaluating community-level initiatives focused on policy and environment change, it is useful to have estimates of the impact on behavioral outcomes of particular strategies (e.g., building a new walking trail to promote physical activity). We have created a measure of estimated strategy-level impact—‘‘population dose’’—based on our work in evaluating obesity prevention initiatives that uses elements of the RE-AIM method of combining reach and effectiveness to estimate the impact of a strategy on risk behaviors within a target population. We provide a definition and examples of measuring population dose, discuss measurement options in the face of uncertainty about key parameters, review ways of increasing population dose, and illustrate how the concept of population dose has been used in the Kaiser Permanente Community Health Initiative.