Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Global Strategies for Stable Climate: An Assessment Approach

Climate change described by climatologists and environmental economists as a trans-boundary problem is a great challengeconfronting human existence. To this end, achieving a stable climate requires some kind of international environmentalagreement that takes into account each country’s emission (i.e., cooperation). Given such an agreement, is it necessary tosupplement with some kind of policy coordination? The present paper tried to investigate why cooperation could be supportedwith coordination, even though it is possible to achieve the best outcome (i.e., emission target) when countries have aninternational environmental agreement with emission charges focus on each country’s emissions (i.e. cooperation alone). In thiscontext, the paper also outlines possible elements that could facilitate cooperation among countries in order to establish aneffective coalition, considering previous global treaty (e.g. Montreal Protocol; Kyoto Protocol). Keywords: Cooperation, coordination, stable climate, public goods and environmental agreement.
Natural deduction systems for some non-commutative logics

Varieties of natural deduction systems are introduced for Wansing’s paraconsistent non-commutative substructural logic, called a constructive sequential propositional logic (COSPL), and its fragments. Normalization, strong normalization and Church-Rosser theorems are proved for these systems. These results include some new results on full Lambek logic (FL) and its fragments, because FL is a fragment of COSPL.
On Walley's Combination Rule for Statistical Evidence

Dempster’s rule of combination is the classical rule for combining independent belief functions. In 1987, Peter Walley proposed an alternative rule for combining belief function representations of independent statistical evidence that result in partially consonant belief functions. In this paper, we examine in detail Walley’s combination rule and compare it with Dempster’s rule. We illustrate the commonalities and differences between the two rules using a simple coin tossing example. Also, we characterize the class of partially consonant belief functions. Finally we show that if we reduce a belief function to a probability distribution using the plausibility transformation, the two combination rules result in the same probability distribution function.
Auto-Avaliador Colaborativo e Inteligente de Respostas

Resumo. Avaliações são muito utilizadas nos contextos de aprendizagem para verificar quanto conhecimento está sendo retido pelos alunos. Questões discursivas podem avaliar nı́veis diferentes do aprendizado dos alunos, quando comparadas com questões de múltipla escolha. Entretanto, devido a sua facilidade na correção, questões de múltipla escolha são geralmente mais utilizadas. Visando auxiliar nesse problema e apresentar ao professor uma ferramenta que lhe permita aplicar avaliações com questões discursivas sem receio do tempo de correção, surge o Auto-Avaliador Colaborativo e Inteligente de Respostas, uma ferramenta para a avaliação automática deste tipo de questões.
Occupational Therapy in Primary Care: Structures and Processes that Support Integration

Few studies have outlined the processes and structures needed to develop and integrate occupational therapy into a primary care provider’s office setting. This paper focuses on implementation of the clinic model of occupational therapy in primary care and is intended to address the deficiencies in current literature, including detailed program development steps. Barriers identified in the 8-week pilot program and the successful development of a reimbursable occupational therapy service in primary care will be discussed. The results of the implementation of occupational therapy in primary care are positive. The providers have accepted and embraced the distinct value of occupational therapy in this setting. Occupational therapy in the primary care setting is an emerging area of practice and further research is needed to measure the impact of interventions in this setting and the relationship to outcomes.
Using functional traits to investigate the determinants of crustacean zooplankton community structure

Understanding the various processes contributing to community assembly is among the central aims of ecology. As a means of exploring this topic we quantified the relative influences of habitat filtering and competition in establishing patterns of community functional trait diversity across a landscape of lakes. Habitat filtering has been invoked in shaping community structure when co-occurring taxa are more similar in their traits than expected by chance (under-dispersion), and competition has been inferred as a structuring agent when co-occurring taxa are less similar (over-dispersion). We tested these hypotheses in crustacean zooplankton communities using a functional trait-based approach based on five traits defining zooplankton feeding and habitat preferences across 51 lakes spanning several large limnological gradients. In general, zooplankton communities were functionally less diverse than random assemblages created from the same regional species pool. Furthermore, functional diversity was strongly correlated with variables related to lake productivity, suggesting that access to resources was the chief habitat filtering process constraining zooplankton functional diversity. This pattern was driven by the predominantly herbivorous cladocerans as opposed to the more commonly omnivorous, and sometimes carnivorous, copepods.
The effects of egocentric interaction techniques and user-performed task on problem solving in virtual reality

As we find further applications of Virtual Reality (VR) in the field of education, a need to understand the effects design choices have on a virtual experience becomes vital. Few have studied the impact of interaction techniques on learning objectives. In this paper, we study the effects two egocentric, interaction techniques (virtual hand, raycast pointer) have on solution correctness, recognition, and timing, examples of common learning objectives. Additionally, we observe how these outcomes vary in relationship to the type of userperformed task (selecting, sorting). We describe a study in which participants (N = 107) are presented 30 questions that challenge their ability to alphabetically order English words. Questions are presented as interactive interfaces in a Virtual Environment (VE) and participants answer these questions using the interaction technique they’ve been randomly assigned. Results point to both interaction technique and the type of user-performed task as having statistically significant effects on recognition and timing variables. An understanding of these variables will help us optimize the design of immersive educational learning experiences that attempt to achieve defined learning objectives.
Flow analysis of vortex generators on wing sections by stereoscopic particle image velocimetry measurements

Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry measurements have been executed in a low speed wind tunnel in spanwise planes in the flow past a row of vortex generators, mounted on a bump in a fashion producing counter-rotating vortices. The measurement technique is a powerful tool which provides all three velocity components in the entire measurement plane. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of vortex generators in a turbulent, separating, low Reynolds number (Re = 20 000) boundary layer over a geometry which is generating an adverse pressure gradient similar to the flow past a wind turbine blade. The low Reynolds number is chosen on the basis that this is a fundamental investigation of the structures of the flow induced by vortex generators and the fact that one obtains a thicker boundary layer and larger structures evoked by the actuating devices, which are easier to measure and resolve. The flow behaves as expected, in the sense that the vortices transport high momentum fluid into the boundary layer, making it thinner and more resistant to the adverse pressure gradient with respect to separation. The amount of reversed flow is significantly reduced when vortex generators are applied. The idea behind the experiments is that the results will be offered for validation of modeling of the effect of vortex generators using various numerical codes. Initial large eddy simulation (LES) computations have been performed that show the same qualitative behaviour as in the experiments.
Influence of Best Friends on Children’s Athletic Competence and Physical Activity Engagement: A Longitudinal Analysis

Pediatric obesity is a significant public health concern, associated with systemic physical health repercussions and impairing social and emotional consequences. Physical activity is an important protective factor against development of obesity, and childhood represents a critical time for forming lifelong physical activity habits. Weight status has been shown in the adult and adolescent literature to move through social systems as a “social contagion”, yet the social systems on development of physical activity and athletic competence in childhood has been less studied, especially within a longitudinal frame. This study aimed to examine the influence of perceived and self-reported best friend factors on child physical activity and athletic competence over a school year. Methods included in-school administration of questionnaires related to athletic competence and perceived best friend athletic competence, as well as objective measurement of physical activity. Findings suggested friends were similar on these constructs at Time 1, but not Time 2. The novel measurement of perceived best friend athletic competence was revealed to be a unique and influential construct. This variable was distinct from both child self-reported athletic competence and best friend self-reported athletic competence, and significantly influenced child engagement in physical activity over time. Implications for this study include the importance of measuring the child’s perception of the best friend when examining dyads in the context of physical activity.
Mechanistic ligand-receptor interaction model: operational model of agonism

This tutorial explains the basic principles of mechanistic ligand-receptor interaction model, which is an operational model of agonism. A growing number of agonist drugs, especially immune oncology drugs, is currently being developed. In this tutorial, time-dependent ordinary differential equation for simple Emax operational model of agonism was derived step by step. The differential equation could be applied in a pharmacodynamic modeling software, such as NONMEM, for use in non-steady state experiments, in which experimental data are generated while the interaction between ligand and receptor changes over time. Making the most of the non-steady state experimental data would simplify the experimental processes, and furthermore allow us to identify more detailed kinetics of a potential drug. The operational model of agonism could be useful to predict the optimal dose for agonistic drugs from in vitro and in vivo animal pharmacology experiments at the very early phase of drug development.
Admission Hyperglycemia in Head Injured Patients

Hyperglycemia, in trauma patient, is commonly associated with a hyper metabolic stress response. Our objective is to determine the effects of hyperglycemia on the overall outcome of head trauma patients. In this descriptive study data were collected from head trauma patients' admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Poursina University Hospital in a one-year period (Jan 2004-Jan 2005), retrospectively. All patients had stayed in the ICU for more than 48 hours post-injuries. They were divided into two groups according to their serum glucose levels at the time of admission ( 200mg/dl), age, gender and Injury Severity Score (ISS). Patients with diabetes mellitus were excluded . We determined the outcome according to duration of hospitalization and ICU stay as well as mortality rates. Variables were analyzed with t-test and chi square test. Out of 115 patients, 89.6% were men. About 36 % of patients had serum glucose levels ≥ 200 mg/dl over the study period and this group had significantly greater mortality rate but without necessarily longer ICU or hospital stay. In this study we have shown that admission hyperglycemia has significant effect on patient's mortality but it is still unclear whether it can be a cause for longer ICU/hospital stay. © 2009 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Simulating neutron star mergers as r-process sources in ultrafaint dwarf galaxies

To explain the high observed abundances of r-process elements in local ultra- faint dwarf (UFD) galaxies, we perform cosmological zoom simulations that include r-process production from neutron star mergers (NSMs). We model star-formation stochastically and simulate two different halos with total masses $\approx 10^8 M_{\odot}$ at z = 6. We find that the final distribution of [Eu/H] vs. [Fe/H] is relatively insensitive to the energy by which the r-process material is ejected into the interstellar medium, but strongly sensitive to the environment in which the NSM event occurs. In one halo the NSM event takes place at the center of the stellar distribution, leading to high-levels of r-process enrichment such as seen in a local UFD, Reticulum II (Ret II). In a second halo, the NSM event takes place outside of the densest part of the galaxy, leading to a more extended r-process distribution. The subsequent star formation occurs in an interstellar medium with shallow levels of r-process enrichment which results in stars with low levels of [Eu/H] compared to Ret II stars even when the maximum possible r-process mass is assumed to be ejected. This suggests that the natal kicks of neutron stars may also play an important role in determining the r-process abundances in UFD galaxies, a topic that warrants further theoretical investigation.
Weighted Product and Its Application to Measure Employee Performance

The decision support system of employee performance index appraisal is a decision support system that can assist decision makers for employee performance appraisal at the Pringsewu district revenue department. As for the purpose of this DSS namely 1. To make decisions in the field of human resources to come, 2. To evaluate the performance of each employee in achieving the target work that has been determined , 3. For improve employee performance in the future. The problems to be solved are: 1. How to change the assessment process that used to still use manual way by computerization. 2. How to apply the progress of change in today's sophisticated technology. In this decision system using Weighted Product (WP) weighting method of WP method is the choice of method on decision support system of employee performance appraisal index at revenue department of Pringsewu district. Weighted product method is a method of completion by using multiplication to attribute attribute rating in which rating must be prefixed with bob ot attribute in question. This decision support system can perform the process of calculating employee performance appraisal so that it can realize a fair assessment based on existing criteria calculations on this system using weighted product weighting (WP) that can produce the best employee performance appraisal system calculation from the highest value of 0.250 to the lowest value of 0.133 . The highest score is the best employee while the lowest score is the worst employee performance. This system can present employee performance appraisal reports quickly and clearly so that more effective and efficient.
Title: Validation of the activPAL3 activity monitor in people moderately affected by Multiple Sclerosis

Background: Walking is the primary form of physical activity performed by people with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), therefore it is important to ensure the validity of tools employed to measure walking activity. The aim of this study was to assess the criterion validity of the activPAL3 activity monitor during overground walking in people with MS. Methods: Validity of the activPAL3 accelerometer was compared to video observation in 20 people moderately affected by MS. Participants walked 20-30m twice along a straight quiet corridor at a comfortable speed. Results: Inter-rater reliability of video observations was excellent (all intraclass correlations > 0.99). The mean difference (activPAL3mean of raters) was -4.70 ± 9.09, -4.55 s ± 10.76 and 1.11 s ± 1.11 for steps taken, walking duration and upright duration respectively. These differences represented 8.7, 10.0 and 1.8% of the mean for each measure respectively. The activPAL3 tended to underestimate steps taken and walking duration in those who walked at cadences of ≤ 38 steps/minute by 60% and 47% respectively. Discussion: The activPAL3 is valid for measuring walking activity in people moderately affected by MS. It is accurate for upright duration regardless of cadence. In participants with slow walking cadences, outcomes of steps taken and walking duration should be interpreted with caution.
Family of harmonic aggregation operators under inuitionistic fuzzy environment

In the process of decision making, the necessity of aggregation of input arguments into a single outputbecomes a key step and as a result selection of an appropriate aggregation operator is a vital aspect. Theaim of this contribution is threefold. First, we study algebraic operations of trapezoidal intuitionisticfuzzy numbers (TrIFNs) and then on the basis of these operational laws, we de ne four types of harmonicmean operators with TrIFNs. Second, the required properties of the proposed operators are reviewed.After that, an approach based on the proposed operators is introduced to solve a group decision makingproblem. Finally, a practical example is furnished to demonstrate the applicability of the proposedoperators in the decision making context. The contribution ends by introducing comparative analysis onthe obtained results.
Patients experiences of cardiac rehabilitation effects

Background: Cardiac rehabilitation is used for preventing disease progression, improving quality of life, reducing disability and mortality in cardiovascular disease. Numerous studies mentioned cardiac rehabilitation effects on patients, but the structure of its effects is not absolutely defined. The aim of this study was to identify and describe the patient’s experiences of cardiac rehabilitation effects. Methods: It was a descriptive phenomenological study. Its participants were patients with cardiovascular accidents, participating in cardiac rehabilitation programs in Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center in 2006 selected by purposed sampling. Deep semi structured interview with 8 participants was done and data were analyzed by Collaizi method. Results: Four obtained themes were "now I know", "to be able", "well being" and "healthy family". Conclusion: the structure of rehabilitation effects reflected in knowledge, physical and psychosocial aspects that improve participants and their family's quality of life. Key words: Cardiac rehabilitation, rehabilitation effects, experience
DzGAN: Improved Conditional Generative Adversarial Nets Using Divided Z-Vector

Conditional Generative Adversarial Nets [1](cGAN) was recently proposed as a novel conditional learning method by feeding some extra information into the network. In this paper we propose an improved conditional GANs which use divided z-vector (DzGAN). The computation amount will be reduced because DzGAN can implement conditional learning using not images but one-hot vector by dividing the range of z-vector (e.g. -1~1 to -1~0 and 0~1). In the DzGAN, the discriminator is fed by the images with label using one-hot vector and the generator is fed by divided z-vector (e.g. there are 10 classes In MNIST dataset, the divided z-vector will be z1~z10 accordingly) with corresponding label fed into the discriminator, thus we can implement conditional learning. In this paper we use conditional Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks (cDCGAN) [7] instead of cGAN because cDCGAN can generate clear image better than cGAN. Heuristic experiments of conditional learning which compare the computation amount demonstrate that DzGAN is superior than cDCGAN.
Cross-validation improved by aggregation: Agghoo

Cross-validation is widely used for selecting among a family of learning rules. This paper studies a related method, called aggregated hold-out (Agghoo), which mixes cross-validation with aggregation; Agghoo can also be related to bagging. According to numerical experiments, Agghoo can improve significantly cross-validation's prediction error, at the same computational cost; this makes it very promising as a general-purpose tool for prediction. We provide the first theoretical guarantees on Agghoo, in the supervised classification setting, ensuring that one can use it safely: at worse, Agghoo performs like the hold-out, up to a constant factor. We also prove a non-asymptotic oracle inequality, in binary classification under the margin condition, which is sharp enough to get (fast) minimax rates.
AESTHETIC INTERACTION CONSISTENCY: EXPLORING THE FOUNDATION FOR STATIC AND DYNAMIC AESTHETICS

Aesthetics is a powerful means for creating consistency across a product range. During the design process consistency is subject to risk. The existing tools do not integrate static as well as dynamic approaches. This paper explores how to integrate and combine both. The framework considers that, firstly, the users perceive the product thought all their senses (product presentation). Based on the perceptions, users will interact through gestures or movements (user action). These action will create a product reaction (product reaction). Finally, the frame has been applied in an experiment.
Out-of-plane and in-plane actuation effects on atomic-scale friction

The influence of out-of-plane and in-plane contact vibrations and temperature on the friction force acting on a sharp tip elastically pulled on a crystal surface is studied using a generalized Prandtl- Tomlinson model. The average friction force is significantly lowered in a frequency range determined by the "washboard" frequency of the stick-slip motion and the viscous damping accompanying the tip motion. An approximately linear relation between the actuation amplitude and the effective corrugation of the surface potential is derived in the case of in-plane actuation, extending a similar conclusion for out-of-plane actuation. Temperature causes an additional friction reduction with a scaling relation in formal agreement with the predictions of reaction rate theory in absence of contact vibrations. In this case the actuation effects can be described by the effective energy or, more accurately, by introducing an effective temperature.
Projective varieties of low codimension in characteristic $p>0$

Let A' be an ¿-dimensional closed Cohen-Macaulay subvariety of projective «-space, over an algebraically closed field of characteristic/» > 0. Assume s > {(n + 1). Then (1) every stratified vector bundle on X is trivial; (2) X is simply connected. Assertion (1) generalizes Gieseker's result for projective space, while (2) is a strengthened analogue of results of Barth and Ogus in characteristic zero.