Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
RNA Recognition by the Caenorhabditis elegans Embryonic Determinants MEX-5 and MEX-3: A Dissertation

Post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression is a mechanism that governs developmental and cellular events in metazoans. In early embryogenesis, transcriptionally quiescent cells depend upon maternally supplied factors such as RNA binding proteins and RNA that control key decisions. Morphogen gradients form and in turn pattern the early embryo generating different cell types and spatial order. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans , the early embryo relies upon several RNA binding proteins that control mRNA stability, translation efficiency, and/or mRNA localization of cell fate determinants essential for proper development. MEX-5 and MEX-3 are two conserved RNA-binding proteins required to pattern the anterior/posterior axis and early embryo. Mutation of either gene results in a maternal effect lethal phenotype with proliferating posterior muscle into the anterior blastomeres (Muscle EXcess). Several cell-fate determinants are aberrantly expressed in mex-5 and mex-3 embryos. Both proteins are thought to interact with cis -regulatory elements present in 3’-UTRs of target RNAs controlling their metabolism. However, previous studies failed to demonstrate that these proteins regulate maternal transcripts directly. This dissertation presents a thorough assessment of the RNA binding properties of MEX-5 and MEX-3. Quantitative biochemical approaches were used to determine the RNA binding specificity of both proteins. MEX-5 has a relaxed specificity, binding with high affinity to linear RNA containing a tract of six or more uridines within an eight-nucleotide window. This is very different from its mammalian homologs Tristetraprolin (TTP) and ERF-2. I was able to identify two amino acids present within the MEX-5 RNA binding domain that are required for the differential RNA recognition observed between MEX-5 and TTP. MEX-3 on the other hand is a specific RNA binding protein, recognizing a bipartite element with flexible spacing between two four-nucleotide half-sites. I demonstrate that this element is required for MEX-3 dependent regulation in vivo . Previous studies only identify a small number of candidate regulatory targets of MEX-5 and MEX-3. The defined sequence specificity of both proteins is used to predict new putative targets that may be regulated by either protein. Collectively, this study examines the RNA binding properties of MEX-5 and MEX-3 to clarify their role as post-transcriptional regulators in nematode development.
Preparation of zirconium oxides modified with borate ions tested in catalytic dehydration of ethanol

Zirconium hydroxide was synthesized by the sol-gel method using as precursors zirconium n-butoxide and 1-butanol of a pH = 8. Subsequently, the Zr(OH) 4 was impregnated with 10 (ZB10), 15 (ZB15) and 20 (ZB20) wt% borate ions. The three materials were calcined at 600◦C. The supports were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and potentiometric titration using n-butylamine. For catalytic dehydration was tested with ethanol. Infrared spectra showed that the [BO 3]3−ions remained firmly attached to the ZrO2 surface. XRD patterns of the zirconium modified with borate ions showed the tetragonal phase. The results of potentiometric titration showed that the zirconium oxides modified with [BO 3]3−ions increased the acidity in comparison with the pure ZrO 2. The supports promoted with boric acid were more active than the ZrO 2. In the sample ZB20 was achieved 57% conversion of ethanol and its selectivity towards ethylene was 60% at 300 ◦C.
Cerebellar Model Controller with new Model of Granule Cell-golgi Cell Building Blocks and Two-phase Learning Acquires Multitude of Generalization Capabilities in Controlling Robot Joint without Exponential Growth in Complexity

Processing in the cerebellum is roughly described as feed forward processing of incoming information over three layers of the cerebellar cortex that send intermediate output to deep cerebellar nuclei, the only output from the cerebellum. Beside this main picture there are several feedback routes, mainly not included in models. In this paper we use new model for neuronal circuit of the cerebellar granule cell layer, as collection of idealized granule cell–golgi cell building blocks with capability of generating multi-dimensional receptive fields modulated by separate input coming to lower dendrite tree of Golgi cell. Resulting cerebellar model controller with two-phase learning will acquire multitude of generalization capabilities when used as robot joint controller. This will usually require more than one Purkinje cell per output. Functionality of granule cell-Golgi cell building block was evaluated with simulations using Simulink single compartment spiking neuronal model. Trained averaging cerebellar model controller attains very good tracking results for wide range of unlearned slower and faster trajectories, with additional improvements by relearning at faster trajectories. Inclusion of new dynamical effects to the controller results with linear growth in complexity for inputs targeting lower dendrite tree of Golgi cell, important for control applications in robotics, but not only.
Introduction: Ruling the World

The universality of certain commercial legal institutions is not the product of chance or of cultural imperialism. Commercial legal institutions that are being used uniformly throughout the trading world earn their universality by incorporating best commercial practices. These are the practices that have proven their cost-effectiveness and fairness regardless of the marketplace in which they were first used. Those best commercial legal practices that become universal legal institutions have proven themselves as indispensable legal tools for significant and lasting economic development. By “institutions,” I mean not only the concepts, rules, and principles of interpretation that inspire the “written” or “positive” commercial law of a given country or jurisdiction, but also the attitudes that shape the “unwritten” or “living” law, or the law as it is actually observed or practiced. This living law is, often as not, the one that determines why a legal institution that succeeds in one country or region fails or is less successful in another. This Article examines why the law of secured lending based on personal property collateral, a key contemporary commercial legal institution and tool for the economic development of countries such as Canada and the United States, among other nations, is likely to succeed in Guatemala and Honduras. It will also show why it will not succeed in Mexico and Peru, unless it is redrafted and the underlying attitudes and practices of these two countries are changed.
The ectoparasitism of Boonea and Fargoa (Gastropoda : Pyramidellidae)

1. Three Boonea species (occurring in sympatric species pairs) occupy different habitats and have different molluscan host preferences. In the field, B. seminuda is preferentially with Crepidula fornicata or Argopecten irradians, B. bisuturalis with Littorina littorea (introduced), Hyanassa obsoleta or Crassostrea virginica, and B. impressa with C. virginica. Weights of the first two species are about 0.03 to 0.17% those of their hosts. In the laboratory, B. seminuda was attracted much more to Crepidula fornicata than to Littorina littorea. With B. bisuturalis it was vice versa.2. In the laboratory, B. seminuda fed on 22 out of the 36 gastropod and bivalve "hosts" offered; B. bisuturalis fed on 37 out of 45, and B. impressa fed on 36 out of 37. Some of these mollusks probably serve as secondary hosts in nature. Boonea definitely is not host-specific. Polychaetes, Chaetopleura and Molgula were not fed on.3. Fargoa dianthophila and F. bartschi, two much rarer species, compete with each other for space and f.
Smart Security of IoT Against to DDoS Attacks

Since the internet which is in every area of our lives, is so inevitable that the number of intelligent systems and devices which are connected to internet have increased day by day. These devices have led to the emergence of the ‘Internet of Things’ concept to the extend that intelligent systems became widespread. In addition to facilitating the life of these devices, we also need to take some safety precautions to prevent difficulties. In order to take the necessary precautions, we need to know our device and our enemy well. We have conducted a survey on taking all kinds of security precautions against DDoS attacks that are going to contribute to increase the security of these intelligent devices .
Stability analysis for seed yield in green gram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek).

Thirty-six green gram genotypes were raised in four different environment (different sowing dates) to study the environment and G x E interaction components. The study revealed significant differences for all the characters, indicating wide differences between environments and differential behaviour of genotypes in different environments. The linear and non-linear G x E components were significant for all the characters, indicating the importance of both predictable and unpredictable components in determining interaction of the genotypes with environments. The genotypes viz., GM-4, KM-5-122, KM-5-122 x KM-5-124, KM-5-122 x GM-3, KM-5-124 x GM-4, KM-5-124 x GM-3, KM-5-167 x KM-5-191, KM-5-167 x GM-3, KM-5-183 x GM-3, GM-4 x GM-3 and GM-4 x K-851 were stable for seed yield per plant in average environmental condition, whereas KM-5-124 considered to be stable for poor environmental condition. Hence these genotypes could be used in further breeding programme.
Evolution and biogeography of Lyallia and Hectorella (Portulacaceae), geographically isolated sisters from the Southern Hemisphere

Abstract The Southern Hemisphere contains many monotypic taxa, for which phylogenetic relationships are important to illuminate biogeographical history. The monotypic genus Lyallia is endemic to the sub-Antarctic Iles Kerguelen. A close relationship with another monotypic taxon, the New Zealand endemic Hectorella, was proposed. They share a dense cushion growth habit with small coriaceous leaves that lack stipules. The solitary flowers are bicarpellate with two sepals, 4–5 petals, 3–5 stamens and a bifid style. The fruit is an indehiscent capsule with 1–5 seeds. The flowers of Lyallia kerguelensis are hermaphroditic with four petals and three stamens whereas the flowers of Hectorella caespitosa are female, male or hermaphroditic, with five petals and five stamens. Lyallia kerguelensis is rare on Kerguelen, whereas Hectorella caespitosa is confined to the South Island of New Zealand. Our phylogenetic analysis of trnK/matK intergenic spacer and rbcL sequences provides evidence supporting a close relationship between Lyallia and Hectorella. The two species form a well-supported clade that is nested within the Portulacaceae. Divergence estimates suggest they shared a common ancestor during the late Tertiary long after the fragmentation of Gondwana. Such relationships underscore the importance of transoceanic dispersal and extinctions for plant evolution in the Southern Hemisphere.
A preliminary investigation of the order Bangiales (Bangiophycidae, Rhodophyta) based on sequences of nuclear small‐subunit ribosomal RNA genes

We investigated phylogenetic relationships among red algae of the order Bangiales by analysis of sequences of the nuclear gene encoding cytosolic small‐subunit ribosomal RNA in Bangia atropurpurea (Roth) C. Ag. and eight samples representing seven species of Porphyra. The ssu‐rDNA range from 1818 to 1845 nucleotides in length, with guanosine plus cytosine ratios between 47.0% and 48.6%. A group IC1 intron occurs in the B atropurpurea ssu‐rDNAs at the same position as in P. spiralis var. amplifolia Oliveira Filho et Coll and several other eukaryote ssu‐rDNAs. The nine sequences form a stable monophyletic group upon phylogenetic analysis. The ssu‐rDNA from B. atropurpurea nests stably within the Porphyra group and is closely related to P. amplissima (Kjellm.) Setchell et Hus in Hus, making the genus Porphyra paraphyletic. No correlation is seen between phylogenetic position and number of cell layers in the Porphyra thallus. We discuss possible taxonomic and evolutionary implications of these observations.
Functioning in schizophrenia and paliperidone: a review of studies with personal and social performance scale -

Even though the relief of symptoms can be achieved with the treatments used in schizophrenia, the re-gain of the functioning cannot be established to that extent. Patients can have difficulties in the social adaptation, impairment in interpersonal relations, problems in family communication, difficulties in occupational functioning, and inadequacy in self-care. Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP) is a comprehensive and sensitive to change instrument developed for the assessment of social functioning in schizophrenia. Paliperidone provides significant remission in social functioning assessed with PSP. The pooled data of the three clinical trials with paliperidone are re-analyzed. In the analyses, paliperidone 3 mg provided an improvement of 8.3±17.1 in the PSP score, for 6 mg it is 9.0±14.8, for 9 mg 7.8±14.3, for 12 mg 9.5±15.0, and for 15 mg it is 12.2±15.7. With placebo, the reduction in the PSP score is 0.5±15.0. When the improvement of at least one category (i.e. one ten-point interval) is taken into consideration, 50.4% of the patients in the treatment of 3 mg of paliperidone, 56.1% in the 6 mg group, 49.6% in the 9 mg group, 54.1% in the 12 mg group and 63.6% in the 15 mg group achieved improvement. Patients in the paliperidone group improved significantly in social functioning when compared with patients in the placebo group. In acute schizophrenia with six-week treatment, paliperidone appears to be effective in the improvement of impairment in social functions.
Some biological aspects and life history strategies of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.) in Lake Victoria, Kenya

The life history characteristics of introduced Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) in Lake Victoria, including, sex ratio, fecundity, reproduction, weight-length relationship and body condition were studied and compared with those of other populations. Samples were collected by trawling and seining in the Kenyan sector of Lake Victoria between June 1998 and December 2000. Males predominated over females (sex ratio 1.42 : 1 : 00). O. niloticus spawned throughout the year but with a peak between December and June. Length at first maturity was (mean ± SD) 30.81 ± 0.09 for females and 34.5 ± 6 0.48 for males. There was little seasonal variation in relative condition, which ranged from 0.92 to 1.05 in males and 0.94 to 1.07 in females. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) was low during the postspawning period (July to October) and high during the protracted breeding period (December and June). Fecundity ranged from 905 to 7619 oocytes for fish of 28 to 51 cm total length (TL) respectively. The relationships between fecundity (F) and total length (L), weight (W) and ovary weight (OW) were: F ¼ 8.159L 1.53 , F ¼ 96.269W 0.4504 , F ¼ 1806 + 39.4OW. The slope b of the weight-length relationship was 3.08‐3.32 for males and 3.07‐3.22 for females. Growth was allometric in both cases and was significantly different from the expected value of 3. The life history strategy of O. niloticus is discussed in context of environmental changes occurring in the lake.
Genetic and phenotypic profiles of West African dwarf and Yankasa sheep breeds in Nigeria

One thousand two hundred and seventeen (1217) traditionally managed sheep comprising 491 West African dwarf (WAD) (154 males and 337 females) and 97 Yankasa (29 males and 68 females) sampled over the Southwest Nigeria were used to assess allelic frequencies of qualitative trait loci based on defined genetic determinations in sheep. Traits investigated include wattles, ear size and attitude, eumelanin, coat spot, supernumerary nipples, head profile and horns. Results showed that WAD and Yankasa sheep were similar respectively with regards to erect ear attitude (0, 0%), small ear size (0, 0%), horn (78.5, 84.7%), coat pigment (93.67, 93.45%) and supernumerary nipples (0.00, 0.00%), absence of coat spot (0.00, 0.00%). Head profile was monomorphic (100%) but different in both breeds: straight in WAD and convex in Yankasa. WAD was standard for wattle, Wa*+, ear attitude EC*+, ear size EL*R and head profile, Te*cx (frequency=99.02). WAD exhibited higher degree of polymorphism than Yankasa especially for eumelanin type, and pigmentary pattern. However, the locus controlling head profile and ear attitude were monotypic; the frequency for a single class was higher than 75%. Key words: Polymorphism, allelic frequency, genetic determination, WAD and Yankasa sheep.
Diversity of epiphytic lichens in the savannah biome of Namibia

Zedda, L. , Schultz, M. & Rambold, G. 2009. Diversity of epiphytic lichens in the savannah biome of Namibia. - Herzogia 22: 153-164. Epiphytic lichens were investigated at different sites in the savannah biome of Namibia (Southern Africa). Altogether, 37 taxa were recorded, 24 of which are new to Namibia. Six of these are even new to Southern Africa and two to Africa. The lichen mycota is dominated by cosmopolitan species, mainly belonging to the Physciaceae. Large foliose lichens are rare and fruticose ones absent. Zusammenfassung: Zedda, L. , Schultz, M. & Rambold, G. 2009. Diversitat von epiphytischen Flechten in den Savannen von Namibia. - Herzogia 22: 153-164. Epiphytische Flechten wurden in verschiedenen Gebieten des Savannen-Bioms von Namibia im sudlichen Afrika untersucht. Insgesamt wurden 37 Taxa nachgewiesen, von welchen 24 Neunachweise fur Namibia, sechs fur das sud- liche Afrika und zwei fur Afrika darstellen. Die Flechtenflora wird von kosmopolitischen Arten uberwiegend aus den Physciaceae dominiert. Grose Blattflechten kommen nur selten vor und Strauchflechten fehlen vollig.
Towards a Robust Human Resource Information System’s Success Measurement Model

Human Resource Information System (HRIS) is a technological innovation that is transforming the Human Resource (HR) department from a record-keeping and clerical unit into a strategic function. The purpose of the study is to review the IS and HRIS success models, and identify key gaps that researchers can focus on in order to formulate a robust HRIS’ success model. The study found out that there is lack of consensus in the constructs used in the IS and HRIS-success measurement whereby different IS and HRIS models have different success measures. It concluded that there isn’t yet a model explaining comprehensively how the success of HRIS can be adequately measured. The study recommends that HR researchers should formulate a robust and widely accepted HRIS-success model. The study has proposed a HRIS-success measurement model that HR researchers and practitioners will find useful in assessing the HRIS success in an organization.
A Novel Function of eIF2α Kinases as Inducers of the Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Signaling Pathway

Phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) plays an important role in signal transduction in response to a wide range of cellular stimuli involved in cellular processes that promote cell proliferation and survival. Phosphorylation of the α subunit of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF2 at Ser51 takes place in response to various types of environmental stress and is essential for regulation of translation initiation. Herein, we show that a conditionally active form of the eIF2α kinase PKR acts upstream of PI3K and turns on the Akt/PKB-FRAP/mTOR pathway leading to S6 and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation. Also, induction of PI3K signaling antagonizes the apoptotic and protein synthesis inhibitory effects of the conditionally active PKR. Furthermore, induction of the PI3K pathway is impaired in PKR−/− or PERK−/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) in response to various stimuli that activate each eIF2α kinase. Mechanistically, PI3K signaling activation is indirect and requires the inhibition of protein synthesis by eIF2α phosphorylation as demonstrated by the inactivation of endogenous eIF2α by small interfering RNA or utilization of MEFs bearing the eIF2α Ser51Ala mutation. Our data reveal a novel property of eIF2α kinases as activators of PI3K signaling and cell survival.
Western Diamond-Backed Rattlesnakes, Crotalus atrox (Serpentes: Viperidae), Gain Water by Harvesting and Drinking Rain, Sleet, and Snow

Abstract We report on 14 western diamond-backed rattlesnakes (Crotalus atrox) that were located at or near communal-type dens in late winter and observed to harvest and consume water from rain, sleet, and snow. Observations occurred on 11 and 19 March 2006, and were conducted at two sites in the Sonoran Desert of southern Arizona. On both days, weather conditions were inclement, with near-freezing (≤5°C) ambient air temperatures, rain mixed with sleet or snow, gusty winds, and 100% cloud cover. Individuals involved in harvesting water from their bodies assumed stereotypic postures that were similar to those reported in other species of rattlesnakes. We suggest that protracted extreme drought (e.g., 175 days without precipitation from mid-September to early March) coincident with record-high temperatures during this period contributed to dehydration in the populations of C. atrox studied. Consequently, despite harsh weather, benefits of harvesting water from rain, sleet, or snow possibly overrode risks of predation and other factors.
Polymorphism of GnRHR gene and its relationship with litter size trait of Saanen Dairy Goat.

Detected polymorphism of GnRHR Gene in Saanen Dairy Goat,and ascertained the relationship between polymorphism of GnRHR Gene and the litter size trait.The gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor gene(GnRHR) was studied as a candidate gene for the prolificacy of Saanen Dairy Goat.Seven pairs of primers were designed to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms of exon 1 and exon 2 of the GnRHR gene.Only the products amplified by primers P3 and P7 displayed polymorphisms.For primer P3,two genotypes(AA and AB) were detected in Saanen Dairy Goat and Boer Goats,revealed two mutations(+714-point loss of the base A and +731 base G insertion) of exon 1 in genotype AB compared with genotype AA.For primer P7,two genotypes(CC and CD) were detected in Boer Goats,only one genotype CC was detected from Saanen Dairy Goat,revealed one mutations(+1305C→G) of exon 2 in genotype CD compared with genotype CC.The Saanen Dairy Goat with homozygous genotype AA have 0.31(P0.05) kids less than those heterozygotes type AB.
Chromatin Higher Order Folding--Wrapping up Transcription

Eukaryotic genomes are organized into condensed, heterogeneous chromatin fibers throughout much of the cell cycle. Here we describe recent studies indicating that even transcriptionally active loci may be encompassed within 80- to 100-nanometer-thick chromonema fibers. These studies suggest that chromatin higher order folding may be a key feature of eukaryotic transcriptional control. We also discuss evidence suggesting that adenosine-5′-triphosphate–dependent chromatin-remodeling enzymes and histone-modifying enzymes may regulate transcription by controlling the extent and dynamics of chromatin higher order folding.
Quality of Fish Protein Hydrolysates from Herring (Clupea harengus)

Fish protein hydrolysates were prepared, using minced fillets and Al-calase and papain, from raw herring and from herring defatted by ethanol extraction, cooking and pressing. Physicochemical, sensory and storage properties as well as the molecular weight sizes in spraydried hydrolysates were evaluated. Fat extraction before hydrolysis reduced degree of hydrolysis. Alcalase hydrolyzed samples to a higher degree than papain. Ethanol extraction reduced fishy odor to barely detectable levels. Papain hydrolysates were more bitter than those made with Alcalase. Color and nonenzymic browning measurements indicated darkening during 3 mo storage at room temperature (∼20°C).