Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty extraction based multi-fault diagnosis of rotating machinery

Feature extraction has always been a significant research topic for in-situ fault diagnosis applications. In this research, measurement uncertainty of vibration signal is defined and extracted as a pre-processing step for statistical feature calculation. An Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) detrending method combined with hurst exponent criterion is applied to extract uncertainty. Decision tree and Least Square Support Vector Machine (LS-SVM) algorithms are introduced as statistical feature selector and classifier respectively. Misalignment, rub-impact, pedestal looseness as well as eccentricity faults are set on experimental rig in sequence for data collecting and to test the proposed method. As the diagnosis accuracy shows, the extracted uncertain components are more sensitive to rotor faults compared to original vibration signal. HE-EMD (Hurst Exponent-Empirical Mode Decomposition) is proved a rational tool to pre-process vibration signal for an enhanced diagnosis ability. This paper shows effectiveness of a multi-fault diagnosis method with uncertainty components as state indicator and thus provides new approaches for condition monitoring of rotating machinery.
Two-year single-center real-life data of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate treatment for chronic hepatitis B patients in Taiwan

Aim: Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (CHB) is a worldwide disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment efficacy and renal tolerability of Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) in patients with CHB. Method: Data from patients were retrospectively collected from January 2012 to September 2014. The inclusion criteria included CHB, serum HBV DNA > 2000 IU/ml, high serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and persistent use of TDF for at least one year. The exclusion criteria included HCV or HIV coinfection. The therapeutic efficacy was recorded at screening and every 6 months thereafter. Results: Among all 100 enrolled subjects, 28 and 24 patients were HBe-positive and treatment-experienced, respectively. The 2-year biochemical response (ALT less than 40 U/L) was 95% to 100%, virologic response (HBV DNA < 20 IU/ml) was 86% to 98%, and serologic response (HBeAg seroloss) was 33%. No cases with HBsAg clearance were detectable. No significant difference existed between treatment-naive and -experienced patients, but those with positive HBe had a poor virological response compared with the negative HBe group (P=0.043). There was no significant change in renal function. Conclusion: TDF treatment was considered as a efficient, safe and well tolerated therapy to CHB individuals.
Transfer of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes from forages into milk fat

The transfer of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes from forages into milk fat was stud- ied in a group of cows fed successively with forages containing high and low amounts of these sub- stances. In a first 24-d period the cows received 11 kg of a cocksfoot hay containing low quantities of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. In a second 36-d period, 3 kg of the cocksfoot were replaced by 3 kg of yarrow, a plant rich in terpenoids. In a third 24-d period the cows returned to the cocksfoot- based diet they were fed in the first period. The quantities of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes des- orbed from the milk fat were measured by dynamic headspace - gas chromatography - mass spec- trometry. Results showed that the quantities of monoterpenes had increased by the first milking carried out 8 h after ingestion of yarrow, whereas the increase in the quantities of sesquiterpenes was observed only after the third milking, 32 h after the diet change. The maximal quantities of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were measured after 4 d of the yarrow-enriched diet, after which the total quantities decreased, despite the constant supply of yarrow. Four days after discontinuing yarrow the amounts of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes desorbed from the milk fat reverted to those measured during the first period. traceability / type of feeding / terpenoid analysis / purge-and-trap / gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
GENERATION AND COMPARISON OF TLS AND SFM BASED 3D MODELS OF SOLID SHAPES IN HYDROMECHANIC RESEARCH

The aim of a current study at the Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Technical Hydromechanics at TU Dresden is to develop a new injection method for quick and economic sealing of dikes or dike bodies, based on a new synthetic material. To validate the technique, an artificial part of a sand dike was built in an experimental hall. The synthetic material was injected, which afterwards spreads in the inside of the dike. After the material was fully solidified, the surrounding sand was removed with an excavator. In this paper, two methods, which applied terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and structure from motion (SfM) respectively, for the acquisition of a 3D point cloud of the remaining shapes are described and compared. Combining with advanced software packages, a triangulated 3D model was generated and subsequently the volume of vertical sections of the shape were calculated. As the calculation of the volume revealed differences between the TLS and the SfM 3D model, a thorough qualitative comparison of the two models will be presented as well as a detailed accuracy assessment. The main influence of the accuracy is caused by generalisation in case of gaps due to occlusions in the 3D point cloud. Therefore, improvements for the data acquisition with TLS and SfM for such kind of objects are suggested in the paper.
Dairy farms typology and management of animal genetic resources in the peri-urban zone of Bamako (Mali)

Facing growth in demand, dairy production in peri-urban areas of developing countries is changing rapidly. To characterise this development around Bamako (Mali), this study establishes a typology of dairy production systems with a special focus on animal genetic resources. The survey included 52 dairy cattle farms from six peri-urban sites. It was conducted in 2011 through two visits, in the dry and harvest seasons. The median cattle number per farm was 17 (range 5–118) and 42% of farmers owned cropland (8.3 ±7.3 ha, minimum 1 ha, maximum 25 ha). Feeding strategy was a crucial variable in farm characterisation, accounting for about 85% of total expenses. The use of artificial insemination and a regular veterinary follow-up were other important parameters. According to breeders’ answers, thirty genetic profiles were identified, from local purebreds to different levels of crossbreds. Purebred animals raised were Fulani Zebu (45.8%), Maure Zebu (9.2%), Holstein (3.0%), Azawak Zebu (1.3%), Mere Zebu (0.5%) and Kuri taurine (0.1%). Holstein crossbred represented 30.5% of the total number of animals (19.0% Fulani-Holstein, 11.2% Maure-Holstein and 0.3% Kuri-Holstein). Montbeliarde, Normande and Limousin crossbreds were also found (6.6%, 0.7% and 0.3%, respectively). A multivariate analysis helped disaggregate the diversity of management practices. The high diversity of situations shows the need for considerationof typological characteristics for an appropriate intervention. Although strongly anchored on local breeds, the peri-urban dairy systems included a diversity of exotic cattle, showing an uncoordinated quest of breeders for innovation. Without a public intervention, this dynamic will result in an irremediable erosion of indigenous animal genetic resources.
Electron Pre-acceleration at Nonrelativistic High-Mach-number Perpendicular Shocks

We perform particle-in-cell simulations of perpendicular nonrelativistic collisionless shocks to study electron heating and pre-acceleration for parameters that permit the extrapolation to the conditions at young supernova remnants. Our high-resolution large-scale numerical experiments sample a representative portion of the shock surface and demonstrate that the efficiency of electron injection is strongly modulated with the phase of the shock reformation. For plasmas with low and moderate temperature (plasma beta and ), we explore the nonlinear shock structure and electron pre-acceleration for various orientations of the large-scale magnetic field with respect to the simulation plane, while keeping it at 90° to the shock normal. Ion reflection off of the shock leads to the formation of magnetic filaments in the shock ramp, resulting from Weibel-type instabilities, and electrostatic Buneman modes in the shock foot. In all of the cases under study, the latter provides first-stage electron energization through the shock-surfing acceleration mechanism. The subsequent energization strongly depends on the field orientation and proceeds through adiabatic or second-order Fermi acceleration processes for configurations with the out-of-plane and in-plane field components, respectively. For strictly out-of-plane field, the fraction of suprathermal electrons is much higher than for other configurations, because only in this case are the Buneman modes fully captured by the 2D simulation grid. Shocks in plasma with moderate provide more efficient pre-acceleration. The relevance of our results to the physics of fully 3D systems is discussed.
Slow population turnover in the soft coral genera Sinularia and Sarcophyton on mid- and outer-shelf reefs of the Great Barrier Reef

Aspects of the life history of the 2 common soft coral genera Sinularja and Sarcophyton were investigated on 360 individually tagged colonies over 3.5 yr. Measurements included rates of growth, colony fission, mortality, sublethal predation and algae infection, and were carried out at 18 sites on 6 midand outer-shelf reefs of the Australian Great Barrier Reef. In both Sinularia and Sarcophyton, average radial growth was around 0.5 cm yr. ', and relative growth rates were size-dependent. In Sinularia, populations changed very slowly over time. Their per capita mortality was low (0.014 yr.') and size-independent, and indicated longevity of the colonies. Colonies with extensions of up to 10 X 10 m potentially could be several hundreds of years old. Mortality was more than compensated for by asexual reproduction through colony fission (0.035 yr.'). In Sarcophyton, mortality was low in colonies larger than 5 cm disk diameter (0.064 yr-l), and significantly higher in newly recruited small colonies (0.88 yr-'). Photographic monitoring of about 500 additional colonies from 16 soft coral genera showed that rates of mortality and recruitment In the family Alcyoniidae differed fundamentally from those of the commonly more 'fugitive' families Xeniidae and Nephtheidae. Rates of recruitment by larval settlement were very low in a majority of the soft coral taxa. The general assumption that soft corals are fast-growing pioneers does not apply to the Alcyoniidae on the central Great Barrier Reef, where their life history traits indicate great persistence.
Spatial patterns of above-ground structure, biomass and composition in a network of six Andean elevation transects

Background: The Amazon to Andes transition zone provides large expanses of relatively pristine forest wilderness across environmental gradients. Such elevational gradients are an excellent natural laboratory for establishing long-term interactions between forest ecosystems and environmental parameters, which is valuable for understanding ecosystem responses to environmental change. Aims: This study presents data on elevational trends of forest structure (biomass, basal area, height, stem density), species richness, and composition from six elevational transects in the Andes. Methods: We analysed the spatial patterns of forest structure, above-ground biomass and composition from 76 permanent plots, ranging from lowland Amazonian rain forest to high-elevation cloud forests in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. Results: Forest above-ground woody biomass stocks ranged from 247 Mg ha−1 (Peru, 210 m) to 86 Mg ha−1 (Peru, 3450 m), with significantly decreasing trends of tree height and biomass and an increasing trend of stem density with increasing elevation. We observed an increase in forest richness at three taxonomic levels at mid-elevation, followed by a decrease in richness within the cloud immersion zone. Conclusions: The transects show an increase in stem density, a decline in tree height and above-ground coarse wood biomass and a hump-shaped trend in species richness with increasing elevation. These results suggest that environmental change could lead to significant shifts in the properties of these ecosystems over time.
Modelling and interpreting spectral energy distributions of galaxies with BEAGLE

We present a new-generation tool to model and interpret spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of galaxies, which incorporates in a consistent way the production of radiation and its transfer through the interstellar and intergalactic media. This flexible tool, named BEAGLE (for BayEsian Analysis of GaLaxy sEds), allows one to build mock galaxy catalogues as well as to interpret any combination of photometric and spectroscopic galaxy observations in terms of physical parameters. The current version of the tool includes versatile modeling of the emission from stars and photoionized gas, attenuation by dust and accounting for different instrumental effects, such as spectroscopic flux calibration and line spread function. We show a first application of the BEAGLE tool to the interpretation of broadband SEDs of a published sample of ${\sim}10^4$ galaxies at redshifts $0.1 \lesssim z\lesssim8$. We find that the constraints derived on photometric redshifts using this multi-purpose tool are comparable to those obtained using public, dedicated photometric-redshift codes and quantify this result in a rigorous statistical way. We also show how the post-processing of BEAGLE output data with the Python extension PYP-BEAGLE allows the characterization of systematic deviations between models and observations, in particular through posterior predictive checks. The modular design of the BEAGLE tool allows easy extensions to incorporate, for example, the absorption by neutral galactic and circumgalactic gas, and the emission from an active galactic nucleus, dust and shock-ionized gas. Information about public releases of the BEAGLE tool will be maintained on this http URL
Temperature Dependent Magnetization Reversal of [Co/Pt]/Ru Multilayers

Author(s): Davies, Joseph E. ; Hellwig, Olav; Fullerton, Eric E. ; Liu, Kai | Abstract: Antiferromagnetically coupled (Co/Pt)/Ru multilayers with perpendicular anisotropy have been shown to exhibit both vertically and laterally correlated magnetization reversal modes. In this work, the magnetization reversal of a multilayer film whose layer thicknesses have been tuned to be at the phase boundary between the two reversal modes has been investigated as a function of temperature, using the first-order reversal curve (FORC) method. At high temperatures, reversal via vertically correlated stripe domains throughout the film thickness is observed, similar to that in Co/Pt films without the Ru spacers. At low temperatures, antiferromagnetic (AF) interlayer exchange coupling dominates, and laterally correlated reversal is observed with an AF coupled remanent state. Under magnetic field cycling, dipolar fields can transform the sample back into a vertically correlated domain state, thus leading to an exotic behavior with FORC's existing outside the major hysteresis loop. Calculations show that the laterally correlated reversal mode is indeed slightly more stable, and the crossover to vertically correlated reversal can be induced by temperature as well as magnetic field.
Controlling the gain contribution of background emitters in few-quantum-dot microlasers

We provide experimental and theoretical insight into single-emitter lasing effects in a quantum dot (QD)-microlaser under controlled variation of background gain provided by off-resonant discrete gain centers. For that purpose, we apply an advanced two-color excitation concept where the background gain contribution of off-resonant QDs can be continuously tuned by precisely balancing the relative excitation power of two lasers emitting at different wavelengths. In this way, by selectively exciting a single resonant QD and off-resonant QDs, we identify distinct single-QD signatures in the lasing characteristics and distinguish between gain contributions of a single resonant emitter and a countable number of off-resonant background emitters to the optical output of the microlaser. Our work addresses the important question whether single-QD lasing is feasible in experimentally accessible systems and shows that, for the investigated microlaser, the single-QD gain needs to be supported by the background gain contribution of off-resonant QDs to reach the transition to lasing. Interestingly, while a single QD cannot drive the investigated micropillar into lasing, its relative contribution to the emission can be as high as 70% and it dominates the statistics of emitted photons in the intermediate excitation regime below threshold.
Evaluation of the pulse pressure index at the peak of exercise before and after cardiac rehabilitation

Background and Objectives: As a new supplementary therapeutic option, cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is getting more attention each day. Several studies have proved the positive impact on qualitative criteria but few studies have been done on quantitative criteria.The purpose of the survey in this study is to evaluate the impact of CR on non-invasive estimated maximum cardiac output by Pulse Pressure index (PPI) at the peak of exercise. Methods: This is a nonrandomized prospective cohort study conducted in Hamadan, Iran in 2015.100 eligible patients who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery, based on cardiologist permission and an informed consent, participated in our study. The PPI was measured at the peak of exercise before and after standard CR program. Result : In overall, mean of PPI was not significantly different before and after CR. PPI was noticeably increased in patients younger than 60 years old (p = 0.022). In contrast to hypertensive patients, PPI in non-hypertensive patients increased significantly after CR (p=0.002). PPI considerably increased in non-diabetic patients after CR (p=0.046), but not in diabetic individuals. Other variables had not any significant effect on PPI in response to CR. Conclusion: it is clear that PPI is associated with vascular atherosclerosis, as well as cardiac output; Positive effects of CR diminish in older, diabetic and hypertensive patients with more progressive atherosclerosis.
Competitive Self-Assembly Manifests Supramolecular Darwinism in Soft-Oxometalates

Topological transformation manifested in inorganic materials shows manifold possibilities. In our present work, we show a clear topological transformation in a soft-oxometalate (SOM) system which was formed from its polyoxometalate (POM) precursor [PMo12@Mo72Fe30]. This topological transformation was observed due to time dependent competitive self-assembly of two different length scale soft-oxometalate moieties formed from this two-component host–guest reaction. We characterized different morphologies by scanning electron microscopy, electron dispersive scattering spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, horizontal attenuated total reflection–infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The predominant structure is selected by its size in a sort of supramolecular Darwinian competition in this process and is described here.
Interaction of Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis with polystyrene does not correlate with virulence in young chickens

Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis are the most frequently isolated serotypes in human and animal Salmonella infections. The in vitro surface colonization characteristics of S.typhimurium L1388 and S. enteritidis L1225 on hydrophobic surfaces were assessed with a view to understanding their surface preference in relation to in vivo virulence. Although both S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis preferentially colonized polystyrene under normal nutrient-rich growth medium, S. typhimurium formed significantly (P < 0.05: P = 0.000008) smaller amounts of biofilm than S.enteritidis. The biofilm formed on polystyrene was optimum at different times, 200 min and 400 min for S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium, respectively. S. typhimurium also formed significantly (P < 0.05)less biofilm than S. enteritidis when the growth medium was supplemented with 100 mM each ofeither D-(+)-mannose (P = 0.0001), D-(+)-glucose (P = 0.0005), D-(-)-mannitol (P = 0.00002) or xylose (P= 00009). Biofilms formed by S. enteritidis following growth in sugar-supplemented medium were not significantly different from that following growth in non-supplemented medium; but significant (P <0.05) reduction in amounts of biofilm formed by S. typhimurium were produced by only mannitol (P =0.0008) and xylose (P = 0.00004). Growth in sodium chloride-supplemented medium resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) less biofilm formed by both S. typhimurium (P = 0.0084) and S. enteritidis (P =0.0002); even though the quantity formed by S. typhimurium was significantly (P < 0.05: P = 0.0098) more than that by S. enteritidis. Both strains formed significantly less biofilm on polystyrene when cultured in a starvation medium for 24 h. They also do not differ significantly from each other in their extent of adherence to polystyrene and 14-day chick mortality. Overall, the interaction of S.typhimurium and S. enteritidis with polystyrene does not correlate with virulence in young chickens
A comparison of Blackboard CAA and an Innovative self assessment tool for formative assessment

This comparative study analyses the responses of a cohort of students using both the Blackboard Multiple Choice Computer Aided Assessment (CAA) package and another Multiple Choice Question package that utilizes Confidence Measurement (MCQCM) for revision. The Blackboard test was the simple Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) format of a stem followed by four simple text options; the other utilized the traditional MCQ format with multiple possible answers. The MCQCM evolved from a series of studies in the IT discipline where the system was used over sequential semesters to elicit feedback to improve its functionality and usability. A total of 74 students completed a questionnaire as part of the standard subject evaluation for the participating subjects. The questions were designed to evaluate their opinion of the testing procedure identifying their preferences and concerns. The results were analyzed producing some encouraging observations. It was observed that there was a strong overall acceptance of the innovative self assessment tool MCQCM as a valuable contributor to the learning experience. In addition, the MCQCM was rated equally by the participants to the Blackboard CAA in influencing their direction of learning and identifying the areas of concern. The results show that MCQCM has promise and recommends further study.