Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
POLITICAL CONSTRAINTS OF PUBLIC MANAGEMENT REFORMS IN CEE COUNTRIES Author :

After forty years of the Soviet Russian empire the 1980’s closed with a number of significant events in Central and Eastern Europe, in particular, the end of totalitarian or authoritarian rule and, perhaps, an even greater accomplishment: the end of the military control of nations based largely on ideological grounds. These events opened new opportunities for the countries of the region: to find new paths to Europe, to move into a shared "European house", or into the European Union and to emulate the other European occupants. Public policy institutions pervade people’s day-to-day lives. These institutions regulate and control their lives in the working place and in the neighbourhood. Indeed, public agencies have a profound impact on our lives from the moment of birth to the instant of death, in our childhood through our old age. The intervention of public policy institutions has had an increasingly positive and directive character in the 20th century. The scope of their intervention has broadened and nowadays encompasses areas of economic activities that have traditionally been considered private. Today, public policy institutions make policies in a great variety of areas including education, health, labour, welfare, transportation, defence, economy, and many others.
Effect of Sumac Powder (Rhus Coriaria L.) And Probiotic on Performance of Broiler Chickens

This experiment was carried out to test the effects of sumac powder and a probiotic (protexin) on performance of broiler chicken. In a completely randomized design with a 4*2 factorial experiment tow hurdreds forty (240) day old chicks (Ross 308 strain) were randomly divided into 24 groups, 10 chicks per group and three replicates per treatment. Experimental diets were included 1) control (no sumac and Protexin), 2) control + 0.05 percent sumac, 3) control +0.1 percent sumac, 4) control +0.15 percent sumac, 5) control + 0.012 percent Protexin, 6) control + 0.05 percent sumac and 0.012 percent Protexin, 7) control + 0.1 percent sumac and 0.012 percent Protexin, 8) control + 0.15 sumac and 0.012 percent Protexin. Results showed that daily gain in growing period was improved due to added combination of sumac and Protexin (p <0.05). Also, sumac powder significantly (p <0.05) improved feed conversion ratio during growing period. Also in this experiment no significant effect on the mean relative weights of liver, spleen, heart, abdominal fat, thigh and breast was observed, but the relative carcass weight and oven ready carcass was increased significantly (p <0.05) due to 0.05% sumac powder added to the control diet. The lowest liver weight was obtained by diet containing 0.012% protexin and it showed significant difference with the other treatments.
EMERGING TRENDS IN ORAL BIOAVAILABILITY ENHANCEMENT

The ultimate goal of drug therapy is to reverse a disease condition by eliciting a pharmacological response. For this to happen, the drug molecule must enter the systemic circulation and reach the desired receptor site. To achieve the intended goal, drugs can be administered via various routes like oral, Parentral, transdermal, topical, rectal and vaginal etc. Out of these, oral drug delivery system is the most preferable and convenient system due to patient compliance. It has received most attention due its flexibility in dosage form design in comparison to other route. Currently, more than 60% of the marketed products are intended for oral use. However, oral route of administration has got its own limitation because of pH variability and structural diversity throughout the gastro intestinal tract that affects the absorption of the drugs consequently resulting in decreased bioavailability. (1-4) It is further hampered by physicochemical properties of drugs itself leading to poor solubility, poor penetrability or poor permeability or both. (5) Oral administration of many drugs is limited by their poor penetration across intestinal barrier. In addition, intestinal permeability of the drug could also be a very important factor because it is the major site of absorption. Intestine performs two major functions that are contradictory in nature. It provides the platform for efficient absorption of nutrients, fluids and electrolyte and drugs, simultaneously, it expulses the potentially antigenic or toxic inflammatory substances that can be a therapeutically active agent. The ability of the intestinal epithelium to provide a barrier to the absorption of these potentially harmful compounds is often referred to as permeability. In this aspect P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated efflux plays a vital role. High first pass metabolism (gastric, intestinal and hepatic first pass metabolism) of drugs is another factor which limits the oral administration of drugs. (6-8) Various factors which influence the bioavailability of drug after oral administration have been summarized in table 1.
Predictive modelling of tree species distributions on the Iberian Peninsula during the Last Glacial Maximum and Mid-Holocene

This paper reports a bioclimatic envelope model study of the potential distribution of 19 tree species in the Iberian Peninsula during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 21 000 yr BP) and the Mid-Holocene (6000 yr BP). Current patterns of tree species richness and distributions are believed to have been strongly influenced by the climate during these periods. The modelling employed novel machine learning techniques, and its accuracy was evaluated using a threshold-independent method. Two atmospheric general circulation models, UGAMP and ECHAM3 (generated by the Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project, PMIP), were used to provide climate scenarios under which the distributions of the 19 tree species were modelled. The results obtained for these scenarios were assessed by agreement measure analysis; they differed significantly for the LGM, but were more similar for the Mid-Holocene. The results for the LGM support the inferred importance of pines in the Iberian Peninsula at this time, and the presence of evergreen Quercus in the south. Important differences in the altitude at which the modelled species grew were also predicted. During the LGM, some normally higher mountain species potentially became re-established in the foothills of the Pyrenees. The warm Mid-Holocene climate is clearly reflected in the predicted expansion of broad-leaved forests during this period, including the colonization of the northern part of the Iberian Peninsula by evergreen Quercus species.
Evaluation of anti ulcer activity of ethanolic root extract of Beta vulgaris in rats

Background: Beta vulgaris (chenopodiacea) is a plant reported for its variety of ethnic medicinal uses. Hence we have planned to screen anti ulcer activity of root of the plant with the alcoholic extract. Root powders successively extracted with alcohol and were subjected for phytochemical screening to identify different phytoconstituents. Methods: Anti ulcer activity was evaluated in various animal models like pylorus ligation and ethanol induced ulcer models in rats. Results: Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, saponins, polyphenols. No mortality was observed with root extract up to maximum dose level of 4g/kg. Further alcoholic extract of 200 and 400mg/ kg / p.o significantly (p˂0.01) reduced the ulcer score, ulcer number, ulcer index, free acidity and total acidity in pylorus ligation and ethanol induced ulcer models in rats. Conclusions: The present study revealed that the root extract of Beta vulgaris has antiulcer activity.
Design and Implementation for Report Layout Merging

Merge tools are an increasingly used feature in collaborative environments. Being able to combine versions gives greater access to contributors as they can work independently on the same work. However, merge tools for working with data beyond textual comparisons have less research devoted to them. This thesis focuses on the creation of merging functionality for report layouts in Report Definition Language (RDL) through the design of an intuitive interface and effective merge algorithm. Interviews were conducted to gather requirements from the application users. A prototype was implemented for a two file merge with user interaction. The approach taken was to analyze the layout and find the corresponding matches. The interface was designed to maximize usability and included features using colors and viewing windows for comparison.
Microcredit and poverty. An overview of the principal statistical methods used to measure the program net impacts

The purpose of this paper is to examine diÂ¤erent econometric approaches aiming to evaluate the impact of microcredit on poverty. Starting with a brief description of microcredit and the most common kinds of statistical biases connected to these studies, I describe the principal characteristics of Non-Randomized and Randomized approaches, in order to highlight strengths and weaknesses concerning the application of such methodologies.
Masking in the modulation rate domain

This study examines the amplitude modulation (AM) detection in the presence of a masking modulating signal. The detection thresholds of sinusoidal amplitude modulation were measured for a 4 kHz sinusoidal carrier. The masking modulators were a 16 Hz tone, a bandwidth of a low-noise noise centered at 16 Hz with a bandwidth of 2 or 8 Hz, and the gaussian noise centered at 16 Hz with a 8 Hz bandwidth. A 3AFC procedure was used. The results obtained suggest the existence of a masking effect in the modulation rate domain. This form of masking is the most effective one when the modulation frequency of the masking signal is close to the masker or, in the spectral range of masking, to the modulation signal. These results are consistent with experimental data, which suggest the existence of frequency selectivity and tuning in the amplitude modulation domain. The results obtained are consistent with the idea of a second stage of filtering in the auditory system by means of so-called modulation filters. It seems that the auditory system performs a limited resolution spectral analysis of the signal amplitude envelope. However, it is necessary to stress that the frequency selectivity in the amplitude modulation domain is not so evident as the selectivity in the audio frequency domain.
Effects Of U.S. Interest Rates On The Real Exchange Rate In Mexico

Using monthly data to bond and equity markets in Mexico from U.S. investors, we search for responses in the vector autoregressions (VARs) - on the real exchange rate and reserves in Mexico - to shocks in U.S. interest rates and to the Mexican M2/Reserves ratio over the years 1988-2001. The ratio M2/Reserves measures the degree of financial vulnerability and brings this literature closer to theoretical constructions. Shocks to U.S. interest rates explain not more than 7.4% of the variance of international reserves and only 5.5% of real exchange rate changes under conventional specifications. Blending M2/Reserves with real exchange rates at the end of the VAR, external shocks explain 12.5% of the variance of real exchange rate one year after the shock and 12.8% of the variance of M2/Reserves. Typically, the responses in Mexico of U.S. interest rate shocks are as expected: higher shocks to U.S. interest rates move Mexican M2/Reserves up, depreciating the real exchange rate in Mexico.
TRAUMA SCORE: A VALUABLE TOOL FOR DOCUMENTATION OF AUTOPSY REPORTS OF TRAUMA VICTIMS

Trauma related morbidity and mortality is an age old reality, however, with the passage of time, advances in medical science and technology, man has succeeded to control / minimize the extent of damage caused by trauma. Vehicular accidents continue to be the commonest presentation of trauma related mortality and morbidity, the other causes being mechanical violence, industrial accidents, etc. According to the World Health Organization, accident is an event, independent of human will power, caused by an external force that acts rapidly and results in bodily or mental damage. Objective of the present study was to analyze the suitability of Anatomic Injury Scoring system particularly Injury Severity Score (ISS) on autopsy among the cases of road traffic accidents with the aim of improving the autopsy data in trauma related deaths, thus assisting policy planning for better trauma care systems.
Parameter Optimization in Multi-scale Segmentation of High Resolution Remotely Sensed Image and Its Application in Object-oriented Classification

With the widely use of high resolution remotely sensed image, the methodology of object-oriented classification emerged and became an active research area. Two basic steps of objectoriented classification method is segmentation and classification, and the effect of segmentation will directly affect the accuracy of classification. An optimal parameters method of multi-scale segmentation was described in this paper with the SPOT-5 high spatial resolution image of Pingtan Island in Fujian province, P. R. China. The cross validation technology was employed to compared the optimal value of the 4 parameters as scale, shape, color and compactness. The classification results of the traditional pixel-based supervised classification method and the object-oriented classification method were also checked using error matrix to qualify which method would be better. The result shows that object-oriented classification can make full use of spectral information, geometric structure and texture features of the image, and it has a better prospect in classification of the high spatial resolution remote sensing image. Keywords-segmentation; parameter optimization; objectoriented classification; high resolution remotely sensed image
Measuring Customers' Perceived ServiceQuality in Hotel Industry

This research attempts to study customer's perceived se",ice quality in the hotel industry. This paper aims to discover what customers think of the quality of service as can be found in the hotel industry by looking into factors influential on this perception such as personal service, technological innovations and quality of food served. The method employed to gather the research resources was adopted from SERVQUAL which is a popular method in measuring perceived service quality. The descriptive and inferential methods were also used in testing and analysing the hypotheses. Data were analysed by using the SPSS package. The research findings indicated that generally, customers were dissatisfied with the service quality provided by the hotel management. From the research, it was also discovered that personal services technology innovation and quality of food served were vital in improving customers' outlook on the service quality. Therefore, the hotelier should try to meet or exceed the customers' expectations, in order to ensure the customers are satisfied. It is very important for the hotelier to take an effort in comprehending and understanding customers' expectations in order to deliver good service, in which if the perceived service equal or exceeded the expected service, they perceived that there is a quality in the service.
Berekeningsmethode voor de emissie van fijn stof vanuit de landbouw

De aanwezigheid van fijn stof (deeltjes kleiner dan 10 ~S^~m) in de buitenlucht kan gezondheidsproblemen veroorzaken. Om deze reden zijn in EU-verband normen voor fijn stof gesteld. Voor het bestrijden van de emissie van fijn stof is het van belang om deomvang van de verschillende bronnen te kennen. Over de emissie vanuit de landbouw bestond een aantal onduidelijkheden. De afdeling Monitoring en Informatiemanagement van het Ministerie van VROM heeft een opdracht gegeven aan Alterra om in samenwerking met RIVM de methodiek van emissieschatting te verbeteren. Het project heeft bestaan uit literatuuronderzoek en het bespreken van de problematiek met een aantal deskundigen tijdens een discussiedag. Uit het onderzoek blijkt dat stallen waarschijnlijk de grootste emissiebron vormen van fijn stof vanuit de landbouw. Daarnaast is er een aantal relatief kleine posten, met als belangrijkste de toediening van bestrijdingsmiddelen en kunstmest en de aanvoer van krachtvoer op het agrarisch bedrijf. Winderosie is vermoedelijk ook een grote bron, die variabel is in de tijd. De omvang ervan is echter moeilijk te schatten.
Monte Carlo-based calibration and uncertainty analysis of a coupled plant growth and hydrological model

Computer simulations are widely used to support decision making and planning in the agriculture sector. On the one hand, many plant growth models use simplified hy- drological processes and structures - for example, by the use of a small number of soil layers or by the application of sim- ple water flow approaches. On the other hand, in many hy- drological models plant growth processes are poorly repre- sented. Hence, fully coupled models with a high degree of process representation would allow for a more detailed anal- ysis of the dynamic behaviour of the soil-plant interface. We coupled two of such high-process-oriented indepen- dent models and calibrated both models simultaneously. The catchment modelling framework (CMF) simulated soil hydrology based on the Richards equation and the van Genuchten-Mualem model of the soil hydraulic properties. CMF was coupled with the plant growth modelling frame- work (PMF), which predicts plant growth on the basis of ra- diation use efficiency, degree days, water shortage and dy- namic root biomass allocation. The Monte Carlo-based generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) method was applied to parameterize the coupled model and to investigate the related uncertainty of model predictions. Overall, 19 model parameters (4 for CMF and 15 for PMF) were analysed through 2◊ 10 6 model runs randomly drawn from a uniform distribution. The model was applied to three sites with different man- agement in Muncheberg (Germany) for the simulation of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a cross-validation ex- periment. Field observations for model evaluation included soil water content and the dry matter of roots, storages, stems and leaves. The shape parameter of the retention curve n was highly constrained, whereas other parameters of the retention curve showed a large equifinality. We attribute this slightly poorer model performance to missing leaf senescence, which is currently not implemented in PMF. The most constrained parameters for the plant growth model were the radiation-use efficiency and the base temperature. Cross validation helped to identify deficits in the model structure, pointing out the need for including agricultural management options in the coupled model.
Oppositions and Their Member Nominations in the Conflict Communication Discourse of Artūras Paulauskas (2004)

The object of this article is the linguistic means of political conflict communication that are characteristic of the political discourse of the Acting President of Lithuania Artūras Paulauskas (2004). Conflict communication has become a research object of modern conflictology, which mainly focuses on interpersonal conflict and effective methods of managing conflict solutions. Political conflict communication, which is generally analysed on the basis of parliamentary debates, does not have a precise definition. Conflict communication can be defined as verbalizing conflict situations, which are conditioned by variances with set objectives or their means of implementation and by discrepancies between the interests and wishes of the sides involved in the conflict. In political communication, it is possible to talk about the fact that an initial situation of verbal and non-verbal actions can become a source of conflict, while disapproval of such a situation is verbalized in political communication. Any individual who wants to influence political events becomes the subject of such communication.
The Role of Customer Satisfaction and Trust as Mediation on The Influence of Service Quality and Corporate Image to Customer Loyalty

This study aims to analyze the factors that affect customer loyalty and also factors that affect customer satisfaction and trust. In addition, it also analyzes the factors of customer satisfaction and trust as a factor mediation on the relationship in question. Sample amounted to 270 customer of internet service provider. Primary data were obtained through questionnaire distribution. Data were analyzed using confirmatory factor anaysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM). The result showed that 2 exogenous variables significantly influenced directly to endogenous variables, but also 2 exogenous variables influenced through endogenous variables mediation (customer satisfaction and trust). The results of research besides can add to the treasury of research results about consumer behavior, but also that is very important for ISP management in improving customer loyalty through customer satisfaction and trust. Keywords : Customer loyalty, satisfaction, trust, service quality, corporate image
The linguistic representation of conceptual structure: applications for teaching reading comprehension

This article applies the research results of Meagher (1999; 2004) to the development of strategies for increasing reading comprehension in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) courses. It concentrates on the way semantic schemas are related to discourse processes. The general objective of Meagher (1999); based on Jackendoff (1983; 1990); is the elaboration of methodology for grasping novice/expert concepts of the learning process through an apprehension of underlying schemas; while Meagher (2004); from the perspective of Talmy’s force dynamics (1985; 2000); pretends to examine how distinct semantic notions combine with the force dynamic system giving direction to discourse. Both projects deal with the construction of meaning at discourse level and study the manner in which sublexical grammatical information structures meaning in authentic corpora. Thus; results validate theoretical postulations by Jackendoff and Talmy. An understanding of these underlying conceptual structures is of great use to Spanish speaking students faced with the task of reading scientific texts in English.
Cheetah cub survival revisited: a re‐evaluation of the role of predation, especially by lions, and implications for conservation

Cheetah cub survival on the Serengeti Plains (SP) was found to be exceptionally low, because of high predation rates, thought to be especially by lions. These results have contributed to the perception that cheetah cubs are particularly vulnerable to predation, and that areas with large carnivores may not be suitable for cheetah conservation. Here we show that survival of cheetah cubs in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park was seven times higher than on the SP and, although predation was the most common form of mortality, lions were not found to be involved. Moreover, we suggest that scrutiny of the Serengeti data does not unequivocally prove the dominance of lions as predators of cheetah cubs there. We discuss these findings in the context of cheetah conservation, suggesting that further research on coexistence between cheetahs and other carnivores should receive attention and that the high mortality rates of cubs found on the SP may not be as widespread as is commonly believed. Furthermore, we recommend that maintaining the link between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning should receive more attention in carnivore conservation.