Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GOOD NEWS FOR WOMEN

There has been a great deal of confusion about breast cancer screening that has resulted from several published reports that suggested that very large numbers of women need to be screened using mammography to save one life. In a study presented to the San Antonio Breast Cancer conference, experts from the U.S. and U.K. reviewed the various studies that had reported very large numbers. They found that the reasons for these large estimates was based on the methods used by the reviewers and not the true numbers of women who would need to, actually, be screened to save a life. For example, the US Preventive Services Task Force miscalculated the number, in part, because they used studies that invited women to participate in screening. Many of the women refused to be screened, but the data the USPSTF called "Number needed to screen", was actually the larger number needed to invite to be screened. When the present reviewers looked at the actual numbers of women who participated in screening the "number needed to screen" was far lower than what was published by the USPSTF. The authors only looked at women ages 50-79 because these are the ages being screened in Europe, but other studies have shown that the "number needed to be screened" for women in their forties is also much lower than estimated by the USPSTF and others (1,2).
The Impact of Laptop Use in the College Classroom

We present quasi-experimental evidence of the impact of laptop use in college classrooms on academic performance. This study takes advantage of a college policy that requires all students to own a laptop computer, but allows individual teachers to require, allow, or ban laptops in their classrooms. Using student surveys, we find that students who are required to bring laptops to any of their classes on a certain day are significantly more likely to use laptops in laptop-optional classes than students who are not required to bring laptops to classes. Conversely, we find that students who are prohibited from bringing a laptop to at least one of their classes are significantly less likely to use laptops in their laptop-optional classes. We compare the grades of students who were and were not influenced to bring laptops to class by their course schedule and find consistent evidence of a negative impact of laptop use on student grades. Back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest that laptop use decreases course grades by between 0.14 and 0.37 grade points or 0.17 and 0.46 standard deviations. Department of Social Sciences, United States Military Academy, richard.patterson@usma.edu. All opinions expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not represent the opinions of the United States Military Academy, Department of Defense, or the United States Army. All errors are our own. Department of Finance, Gore School of Business, Westminster College. rpatterson@westminstercollege.edu
Rethinking Cultural Evolutionary Psychology

This essay discusses Cecilia Heyes’ groundbreaking new book Cognitive Gadgets: The Cultural Evolution of Thinking. Heyes’ point of departure is the claim that current theories of cultural evolution fail adequately to make a place for the mind. Heyes articulates a cognitive psychology of cultural evolution by explaining how eponymous “cognitive gadgets,” such as imitation, mindreading and language, mental technologies, are “tuned” and “assembled” through social interaction and cultural learning. After recapitulating her explanations for the cultural and psychological origins of these gadgets, we turn to criticisms. Among those, we find Heyes’ use of evolutionary theory confusing on several points of importance; alternative theories of cultural evolution, especially those of the Tomasello group and of Boyd, Richerson and Henrich, are misrepresented; the book neglects joint attention and other forms of intersubjectivity in its explanation of the origins of cognitive gadgets; and, whereas Heyes accuses other theories of being “mindblind,” we find her theory ironically other-blind and autistic in character.
Celebrity endorsement: Conceptual clarifications, critical review, and future research perspectives

Although the literature on celebrity endorsement is abundant and complex, few studies have provided a review of this issue. Our article thus seeks to complement this dearth of studies by presenting a critical, prospective, and innovative review on the celebrity endorsement literature. Paying special attention to current management practices, we will first build on the concepts of endorsement and celebrity. Second, we will focus on the mechanisms of the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement and highlight their limitations. We will also propose a theoretical framework which suggests that considering consumers’ relationships with both the brand and the celebrity may provide complementary information on the effects of celebrity endorsement. Finally, we will broaden the traditional view of the usual effects of endorsement by analyzing its consequences for both the celebrity and the consumer. Through this article, we hope to help build upon existing scholarship and reinvigorate the academic vision of celebrity endorsement.
A Literature Review of Pressure Ulcer Prevention: Weight Shift Activity, Cost of Pressure Care and Role of the Occupational Therapist

Introduction: Pressure ulcers are a major concern for those who spend a prolonged period of time sitting. Weight shifts are one prevention strategy used to reduce the risk of tissue damage. Currently, the prevalence of pressure ulcers is high, suggesting that concordance with preventative methods is poor. Occupational therapy focuses on the use of functional activity to promote health and wellbeing. The aim of this literature review was to evaluate the role of functional activity in reducing seated interface pressure. Method: A comprehensive search of nine electronic databases (AMED, CINAHL, Ovid MEDLINE, SportDiscus, EMBASE, British Nursing Index, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and OTDBASE) was conducted between January 2000 and October 2011. Findings: From the 24 articles included in the review, there is limited evidence evaluating the role of functional activity and weight shifts in reducing seated interface pressure. Limited evidence suggests poor concordance with weight shifts, with wheelchair users repositioning on average once every 1–2 hours. The cost of pressure ulcer care is considerable, with an average annual cost of £1.7 billion in the United Kingdom. Occupational therapists have a key preventative role. Conclusion: Further research is needed to explore the role of functional activity and to determine the effectiveness of weight shift activity in reducing seated interface pressure.
Social Identity of Students with Hearing Impairment in a Technical University

The article is devoted to topical issues of social identity formation of students with hearing impairment in a technical university. The current level of technology gives the possibility to compensate for hearing impairment and creates preconditions for the integration of hard-of-hearing people into society. It is shown that the specific social identity of students with a deaf community, the perception of deafness as a "special cultural status" can hinder motivation to integrate, to use modern technical means, for the development of social and professional competencies. The article highlights the mature and diffuse social identity of students, describes their behavioral manifestations in communication, in the educational process and in professional activities. It is concluded that special measures are needed to form the social identity of students with hearing impairment. Keywords—social identity; professional identity; integration; inclusive environment; deaf and hard of hearing students; technical university
“Why the h**l is There a White House Correspondents’ Dinner?” Boundary Work in Political Journalism

ABSTRACT Political journalism is a pertinent part of newsrooms across the world. This study aimed to analyze the shifting role conceptions of U.S. political journalists, primarily in reference to the White House Correspondents’ Dinner. Researchers conducted 32 long-form phone interviews with political journalists from news outlets ranging from the Los Angeles Times to VICE. The study found most journalists uncomfortable with the White House Correspondents’ Dinner, especially after the response to Michelle Wolf's speech at the 2018 event. This particular event helped journalists identify how the event works in opposition to their role conception. Through the lens of boundary work, this study argues the comedy format of the dinner, which ceased following 2018, pushed outside the boundaries of what is considered appropriate journalistic practice within the field.
The Early 1990s and Its Afterlives: Transgender Nation Sociality in Digital Activism

This article considers the continuities afforded by digital platforms for reactivating the 1990s Transgender Nation politics, by providing a means to bond like-minded people into imagined nations cohered into an affective public. The media archeology approach facilitates the investigation into stylistic and conceptual continuities between the 1992 and 1994 Transgender Nation’s “direct action” and militant politics into cases of digital activism from 1995 until 2016. The article further tracks early queer and trans connection and discord into later digital incarnations. The author considers digital culture as a significant site for personal and group transformation, but finds in the touchstone activities of Transgender Day of Remembrance an imagined community styled by necropolitical attunements. Direct actions online are still fueled by contesting hostility to trans life, but the critique of transgender marginalization must also account for sexual and racial dynamics.
Who Are the Political Leaders We Are Looking for? Candidate Positioning in Terms of Leadership Style. A Cross-Cultural Study in Goleman’s Typology

In the “age of manufactured images” recognition and response to voters’ needs might be crucial. Candidate positioning requires from political marketers constant monitoring of electorate’s perception and preferences. The aim of the study was to find the profile of ideal president in terms of his leadership style. The study was conducted in two countries of different democracy maturity (Poland and Georgia). The results show voters’ perception regarding real political figures and preferences of ideal president’s style on two dimensional perceptual map, built by agency and communion. Discussed issues broaden research on the role of leadership features in candidate image creation.
‘Time-twisted space’: an exploration of the synaesthetic continuum through the work of Vladimir Nabokov

ABSTRACT The synaesthetic author Vladimir Nabokov undertakes extensive consideration of the relationship between time and space, and its manifestation in human perception, throughout his fictional and autobiographical writing. The following dissertation considers this in the light time–space synaesthesia, a neurological phenomenon where time is visualized in a spatial form often external to the subject’s body. Using the idea that synaesthesia exists on a continuum alongside common constructs integral to cognitive perception such as cross-modality and metaphor, these three will be explored in detail in Nabokov’s work through a multidisciplinary lens incorporating literature, cognitive science, philosophy and anthropology.
“Are we getting there? Human Services Community College Students’ Experiences with Evidence Based Practice (EBP) in Field Placement”.

Community college students’ experiences with Evidence Based Practice (EBP) in the field placement are not well understood, despite the importance of EBP for students’ future social work academic training and job performance. This longitudinal, qualitative, exploratory study examines journal entries of second year community college students at two time points, in the beginning and at the end of the field placement, where students reveal the types of EBP skills and experiences that they engage, as well as their perceptions of their experiences along the way. This study helps to shed light on the experiences with specific interventions and practices that students encounter in their field placements, and how those experiences may shape students’ knowledge, attitudes, and intentions to apply EBP. Recommendations for curriculum enhancement, field placement supervisor capacity building, policy development, and future research are discussed.
Either Perfect or Meaningful: Identity Development, Perfectionism, and Emerging Adults’ Search for Meaning in Selective Higher Education Institutions

Emerging adulthood is a time for young people to both develop their identity and decide what constitutes a meaningful life. Selective undergraduate institutions are ideally positioned to facilitate this development, providing space and resources for exploration and reflection. At the same time, the levels of psychological distress experienced by modern college students, particularly in selective institutions, has attracted growing attention and concern. Specifically, growing levels of perfectionism have been identified in both data and students’ narratives of life on campus. Selective colleges and universities have developed a variety wellness programs and centers, many of which are grounded in the research and application of positive psychology. Yet perfectionism, particularly as it relates to extrinsic motivation and social isolation, may undermine the search for and presence of meaning in life. This paper examines the potential incompatibility between high perfectionism and the development of meaning in life, suggesting that research look at the developmental trajectory of perfectionism and meaning development for college students in selective institutions. Implications for college and university well-being programs are also discussed.
The Alchemy of Acceptance: How Accepting Emotions Enhances the Ability to Flexibly Work with Them

Positive psychology’s study of human well-being has not fully examined the adaptive ways we encounter and interact with negative emotions. Research shows that acceptance, an emotion regulation technique involving non-judgmentally and non-reactively encountering negative emotion, benefits well-being. Acceptance provides a useful counterpoint to research demonstrating that some of the means we use to make ourselves feel better, including pursuit of or highly valuing happiness and avoidance or suppression of negative emotion, often backfire and harm well-being. As the field of emotion regulation matures and explores complex and blended strategies that individuals use to regulate their emotions, it should focus on the role that acceptance may play as an adaptive initial response to emotion that promotes emotion regulation flexibility. In taking up this inquiry, I seek to expand positive psychology’s horizons toward a more complex view of human well-being – one that incorporates and even leverages the parts that are challenging and uncomfortable and offers a variety of tools for working with those experiences. Initially accepting emotions for what they are – complex, dynamic, and potentially useful sources of information about our perceptions of the world around us – might help us to learn from and respond to the world as it actually is.
IN­SITU GELLING OPHTHALMIC DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: AN OVERVIEW

Eye is the most vital organ of body. The usual ophthalmic dosage forms are account for 90% of currently accessible ophthalmic formulations. The major trouble encountered is quick precornel drug loss. To improve ophthalmic drug bioavailability, there are considerable efforts directed towards newer drug delivery systems for ophthalmic administration. Newer research in ophthalmic drug delivery systems is directed towards a amalgamation of several drug delivery technologies, that includes to build up systems which is not only extend the contact time of the vehicle at the ocular surface, but which at the same time slow down the removal of the drug. There are various new dosage forms like in­situ gel, collagen shield, minidisc, ocular film, ocusert, nanosuspension, nanoparticulate system, liposomes, niosomes, dendrimers, ocular iontophoresis etc. Conventional delivery systems often result in poor bioavailability and therapeutic response because high tear fluids turn over and dynamics c ause rapid elimination of the drug from the eyes. So, to overcome bioavailability problems, ophthalmic in situ gels were developed.
An Exploration of Problems Confronted by Elderly in Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Elderly includes in one of the neglected portion of modern societies (Germov, 2002; Kendall, 2007). The current study is an exploration of various problems to which elderly are confronted with. The study has been conducted in Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtunkhwah, Pakistan. The study is based on quantitative research design and is cross-sectional. Sampling for this study has been carried out in two phases; firstly, elderly population in the study area was identified through household survey; Secondly, a total of 200 elderly i.e. persons aging above 60 were interviewed through structured interview schedule. The collected information has been analyzed in shape tables including percentages and the application of chi-square test. Further, the tables are discussed in light of literary information for validation and precision. The study concludes that elderly in the area are confronted with various problems including familial, economic and health related problems.
Heat exposure assessment among warship technicians in machinery room

Some warship compartments are undoubtedly considered severe hot environment due to high-temperature values produced by rotating machinery. Besides, it also depended on the external conditions such as weather and design of the warship, which contributes to high-temperature in specific compartments. Such inconvenient situations which related to space, noise, vibration and poor air quality inside the warship compartment further increase high prevalence risk to the associated technicians. Thus, this study was to examine the awareness state among technicians regarding the heat exposure they faced in machinery room during the daily routine and to propose an action plan to increase awareness state among technicians regarding heat exposure in the workplace. The variables that have been chosen in the study were knowledge awareness, personal influences, environmental influences, interpersonal influences and management influences. The statistical analysis technique was applied in the study by using The Pearson-correlation coefficient. Result shows that the environmental impacts and management authorities have a significant positive relationship with awareness state among technicians.
Fiction as mediated contact : mechanisms of fiction associated with lower prejudice towards sexual and gender minorities

Fiction is an open door into experiences that are beyond the here and now. It allows us to live different lives, visit different worlds, and meet people we might not find in our everyday paths. Engaging with fictional stories can thus help people expand their understanding of their social world. Social Psychology researchers have acknowledged the power of fiction by adopting stories as contact strategies to reduce prejudice from one group to another. The present work builds on research showing that engaging with fiction improves audiences’ attitudes towards others. This thesis investigates psychological mechanisms involved in the relationship between fiction and prejudice reduction, by testing audiences’ responses to fictional characters that portray individuals from sexual and gender minorities. These mechanisms are examined through five studies in terms of engagement with the story, and of individual characteristics which modulate this engagement. One study investigated prejudice towards gay men and lesbians, while three others focussed on prejudice towards transgender people. One more study shifted the focus from prejudice to identity processes linked to fiction engagement in transgender individuals—a group traditionally misrepresented by the media. In these studies, participants read or viewed stories, and answered a questionnaire about these stories and the people represented by the characters. The main results showed that emotional engagement with a story was associated with lower prejudice, while individual characteristics had no effect in this engagement. This thesis integrates fiction into a contact theory framework in two ways: First, it outlines the common ground between contact and fiction on the basis of emotions; second, it characterises the unique contact experience that fiction affords to audiences by using characters to blur the line between “us” and “them”. Overall, this thesis examines fiction mechanisms that help recognise sexual and gender minorities as ordinary inhabitants of the social world.
Advances in H1-antihistamines

There are four major types of histamine receptor,H1,H2,H3 and H4 in human body. Histamine plays its biologic role primarily through its receptors. At present,H1-antihistamines are mainly used to treat urticaria and other allergic diseases as well as central nervous system and vestibular disorders. There has never been standardized studies on the application of first-generation H1-antihistamines in the treatment of allergic diseases, and most clinical trials of these drugs do not meet the standards for randomized, double-blind,placebo-controlled trial (RCT). In contrast, the second-generation drugs are supported by large number of normative trials. Clinically, most H1-antihistamines are safe and effective, but the side effects on central nervous system and the heart should not be ignored.
Involuntary Admissions, and Treatments (TSO) for Individuals Suffering from Schizophrenia: A Reflection on Patient Safety, and Quality of Care

Introduction: Since the Italian Mental Health Act of 1978, public attention on the outcomes of Involuntary Hospital Treatment (TSO) for people struggling with Schizophrenia (SCZ) has increased. The practice is controversial because it goes against the Human Rights standards. Against this background, the author investigates factors linked to coercive measures, and personal experiences of acute care. He hypothesizes that limitation of freedom negatively affects the quality of the therapeutic relationship (TR). Materials, and Methods: Semi structured qualitative interviews (QIs) of individuals (n = 20) who were eligible for inclusion if the following criteria applied: [1] DSM-V diagnosis of Schizophrenia; [2] Having received at least one TSO; [3] Being outpatients; and [4] having emotional, and cognitional stability. The interview text was transcribed verbatim and analyzed by means of a phenomenological method. Results. The cohort described TSO as an unwelcome, and intrusive practice. Even if clinicians often justified the admissions, only a few patients gave an account of being told why their agency was eroded. Moreover, TSO damages Self-confidence, and trust in public services. Inasmuch, to prevent distress and avoid an outflow of so-called psychiatric refugees, the Italian government needs to improve joint crisis plans between patients, families, and medical equips. Discussion. The Republic of Italy does not have asylums but community-centers, and psychiatric wards within general hospitals. The Law No. 833 of 23 December 1978 established the possibility of a TSO for a period of 1-7 days in the simultaneous presence of [1] Psychiatric conditions that require urgent therapy; [2] Patient’s refusal of assistance; and [3] Circumstances that do not consent other less-invasive strategies. To author’s knowledge, this is one of the few qualitative reflections done on the pros and cons of adult Psychiatry, in Italy. The survey adds valuable information regarding degree, and predictors of loss of autonomy, dignity, and the possibility of interpersonal contact. Keywords: Schizophrenia, TSO, Human Rights, Therapeutic Relationship, Law No. 833.