Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparing the efficacy of NSAIDs and paracetamol in children

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) and the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used in children for antipyresis and analgesia. The anti-inflammatory properties of the NSAIDs have, in addition, been used in such diverse disorders as juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Kawasaki disease and cystic fibrosis (1–4). The NSAIDs indomethacin and ibuprofen are also used to treat delayed closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in premature infants (5). Paracetamol and NSAIDs are often given together for the management of pain or fever. Despite the widespread use of these medications there are few data comparing efficacy of these drugs. The combined effectiveness of paracetamol and a NSAID is insufficiently documented in children and it is unknown if there is synergy or additivity of effect when the two drugs are used together. Litalien and Jacqz-Aigrain (6) have recently reviewed the risks and benefits of NSAIDs and paracetamol in children. Knowledge of individual drug pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) is essential to compare effectiveness. Pharmacokinetic age-related changes and covariate effects are poorly documented for many of the NSAIDs. Pharmacodynamic data are often a simple comparison of one drug to another without quantifying effect. There is a paucity of analgesia concentration–effect relationship data in children, although fever control (7–10) and PDA closure (11) relationships are emerging. In order to use these drugs properly, effectiveness data must be balanced against the drugs safety profiles. Currently this is not carried out and often the safety profile of one NSAID is extrapolated to another. This current review examines the methods used to compare NSAIDs with paracetamol, the difficulties associated with such comparisons and the impact of drug side effects on dosing regimens in children.
A 12-Bit Ratio-Independent Algorithmic A/D Converter for a Capacitive Sensor Interface

This paper describes a ratio-independent algorithmic analog-digital (A/D) converter architecture that is insensitive to capacitance ratio, amplifier offset voltage, amplifier input parasitics, and flicker noise. It requires only one differential amplifier, a dynamic latch, six capacitors, 36 switches, and some digital logic. The prototype 12-bit, 40-kS/s A/D converter (ADC) with an active die area of 0.041 mm2 is implemented in a 0.13-mum CMOS. The power dissipation is minimized using a dynamically biased operational amplifier. With a 68.4-muW power dissipation, the ADC achieves 80.2-dB spurious-free dynamic range and 63.3-dB signal-to-noise and distortion ratio.
The Use of an Intact Molecule Parathyroid Hormone Assay in Disorders of Calcium Metabolism

We present the results obtained using a 1–84 human parathyroid hormone (PTH) assay in patients with abnormal calcium metabolism. A normal range was established in a series of healthy volunteers. Patients with surgically proven hyperparathyroidism (HPT) showed increased PTH levels which were separate from the normal range. Patients with probable hyperparathyroidism and milder hypercalcaemia showed a raised median PTH level but the range overlapped with normal. Patients with hypercalcaemia of malignancy showed reduced PTH levels and these patients were readily differentiated from those with probable and proven HPT by the use of the assay. In patients with chronic renal failure PTH values ranged from normal to high, the PTH concentration was found to be correlated with plasma alkaline phosphatase, but not with plasma creatinine.
Bearingless segment motor with Halbach magnet

Today magnetically levitated rotors are mainly used in applications where wearless operation and high life cycle are of importance (e.g. in the pharmaceutical, biomedical, chemical and semiconductor industry). The bearingless slice motor features a very compact design because three degrees of freedom (one translational and two rotatory) are passively stabilized by reluctance forces. Therefore, only two translational degrees of freedom remain to be actively controlled. This paper introduces a new bearingless segment motor (a subtype of the bearingless slice motor) featuring a Halbach magnet ring mounted on the rotor. Thus, no back iron is needed on the rotor and therefore the overall weight of the permanent magnet excited disc-shaped rotor is reduced to a minimum. The bearing forces which can be created by one optimized stator segment are calculated analytically. These results allow conclusions for the total force locus. A prototype is built and measurements verify the results of the analytic considerations.
Vacuolar Membranes: Isolation from Yeast Cells

α-Mannosidase was found associated with the vacuolar membranes of yeast. The vacuoles were isolated by flotation from osmotically disrupted spheroplasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The enzyme was used as marker for isolating vacuolar membrane fragments directly from whole cells which were mechanically disintegrated. Over 90% of the total α-mannosidase was recovered in the particulate fraction. The enzyme was present in all of the fractions obtained upon differential centrifugation. Density gradient centrifugation in Urografin (5 - 20% w/v) of preparations obtained by differential centrifugation between 20 000 and 50 000 × g did not result in density equilibrium of the membrane. An isolation procedure involving a sedimentation velocity cut in Urografin gradients has, therefore, been worked out.
Understanding the basis of CYP26 mediated regulation of lens regeneration using ex vivo eye cultures and 4-oxo-RA

PURPOSE Xenopus has the remarkable ability to regenerate a lens from the basal cornea epithelial cells in response to signals from the retina. Previous work demonstrated that the Retinoic Acid (RA) metabolizing enzyme CYP26 is expressed in the cornea, and that its activity is required for lens regeneration. Gaps remain in our knowledge as to whether CYP26 is needed only to attenuate RA signaling via RA elimination, or whether it also acts to generate retinoid metabolites, such as 4-oxo-RA, to act as signaling ligands. Other key questions are why CYP26 antagonism, but not exogenous retinoids, can reduce cell division in the cornea, and when during regeneration CYP26 is important. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ex vivo cultures supplemented with RA, 4-oxo-RA, or the CYP26 inhibitor Liarozole were used to assay the effects of these compounds on lens regeneration. Similarly, corneas were explanted, cultured in the presence of these compounds, and assayed for mitotic changes by counting anti-Histone H3 positive nuclei. qPCRs validated responsiveness to these compounds. RESULTS Ex vivo cultures showed that when the media was supplemented with the RA metabolite 4-oxo-RA in addition to Liarozole, lens regeneration was still inhibited. 4-oxo-RA also does not rescue the loss of cell division in the cornea that is observed upon CYP26 antagonism. Liarozole inhibited regeneration when added 12 hours after lentectomy, but not when added 48 hours after. CONCLUSIONS These data show that the necessity of CYP26 is not explained as a generator of 4-oxo-RA for regeneration. Moreover, Liarozole-induced mitotic reduction is not explained by 4-oxo-RA deficiency. These results support a model of RA-independent mitotic regulation by CYP26, though other retinoid metabolites may be active. Finally, CYP26 activity is only needed between 12 and 48 hours post-surgery, showing that its action is required only during the earliest stages of lens regeneration. Financial interests The authors declare no competing financial interests.
Data Sketches for Disaggregated Subset Sum and Frequent Item Estimation

We introduce and study a new data sketch for processing massive datasets. It addresses two common problems: 1) computing a sum given arbitrary filter conditions and 2) identifying the frequent items or heavy hitters in a data set. For the former, the sketch provides unbiased estimates with state of the art accuracy. It handles the challenging scenario when the data is disaggregated so that computing the per unit metric of interest requires an expensive aggregation. For example, the metric of interest may be total clicks per user while the raw data is a click stream with multiple rows per user. Thus the sketch is suitable for use in a wide range of applications including computing historical click through rates for ad prediction, reporting user metrics from event streams, and measuring network traffic for IP flows. We prove and empirically show the sketch has good properties for both the disaggregated subset sum estimation and frequent item problems. On i.i. d. data, it not only picks out the frequent items but gives strongly consistent estimates for the proportion of each frequent item. The resulting sketch asymptotically draws a probability proportional to size sample that is optimal for estimating sums over the data. For non i.i. d. data, we show that it typically does much better than random sampling for the frequent item problem and never does worse. For subset sum estimation, we show that even for pathological sequences, the variance is close to that of an optimal sampling design. Empirically, despite the disadvantage of operating on disaggregated data, our method matches or bests priority sampling, a state of the art method for pre-aggregated data and performs orders of magnitude better on skewed data compared to uniform sampling. We propose extensions to the sketch that allow it to be used in combining multiple data sets, in distributed systems, and for time decayed aggregation.
[Protective function of melatonin to acute lung injury and its mechanisms in rats caused by oleic acid].

OBJECTIVE To observe the expression of P-selectin (Ps), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) in lung tissues of acute lung injury (ALI) rat model induced by oleic acid (OA) and to explore the protective effects of melatonin (MT) in lung tissues in rats. METHODS All rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group, OA group, MT + OA group and SB203580 + OA group. Rat model of ALI was established by intravenous injection of oleic acid (OA). Lung coefficient was measured, lung tissues were imbedded by paraffin to observe morphological changes and the expression of Ps, ICAM-1 and NF-kappaB in lung tissues by means of immunohistochemistry staining. RESULTS Compared with control group, the lung coefficient increased significantly in OA group (P < 0.05). Alveolar septum thickened significantly in OA group, there had many infiltrated inflammatory cells and collapsed alveoli of lung; positive expression of Ps, ICAM-1 and NF-kappaB were very obvious (P < 0.05); the administration of MT and SB203580 mitigated above changes significantly (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION MT possesses obviously protective effect on lung tissues during ALI, its protective mechanism might be related to the inhibition of the expression of Ps, ICAM-1 and NF-kappaB.
Lattice dynamics and elastic phonon scattering in silicon.

We have examined the propagation of acoustic phonons in silicon on the basis of two lattice-dynamics models: a bond-charge model and an effective-force-constant model consisting of only short-range forces. Phonon propagation is governed predominantly by phonon focusing due to elastic anisotropy and elastic scattering from isotopic atoms in the medium. Both of these effects depend on phonon dispersion. We find that the dispersive effects on the isotope scattering, i.e., the deviation of the scattering rate from a ${\ensuremath{\nu}}^{4}$ dependence, are discernible only at frequencies higher than 1.5 THz. However, the effects of dispersion on phonon focusing are observable at frequencies as low as \ensuremath{\sim}0.4 THz. In a slotted-crystal geometry, the calculated ratio of the scattered to the total phonon intensities yields very similar values for these two lattice-dynamics models and for elasticity theory, validating our previous results on the measurement of the elastic-scattering rate of phonons in silicon.
Selecting BPR projects based on strategic objectives

An extensive search has shown that no business process reengineering (BPR) method specifically addresses the issue of selecting business processes for reengineering based on the processes’ impact on the firm’s strategic objectives. Focusing on strategic business units (SBUs) within the electronics and electrical components industry, the research reported in this paper develops a generic set of SBU business processes which is used, in conjunction with an existing set of generic strategic objectives, to create a decision model that assesses the performance and improvement potential of each business process with respect to the SBU’s collective strategic objectives. The decision model, which contains both deterministic and stochastic elements, is based upon the concepts of decision tree analysis and influence diagramming. Validation of both the set of business processes and the decision support system has been conducted through field studies at electronics and electrical components companies. The results from these studies have been very promising.
An investigation of the difference in measured intelligence between twins and single births *

Mean V.R. (verbal reasoning) scores recorded in the eleven‐plus examination for Birmingham multiple births in the years 1950‐57 were 95‐7 for 2164 twins and 91‐6 for 33 triplets. The mean for 48,913 single children born in the years 1950‐54 was 100‐1.
Mining Data Streams using Option Trees

Many organizations today have more than very large databases. The databases also grow without limit at a rate of several million records per day. Data streams are ubiquitous and have become an important research topic in the last two decades. Mining these continuous data streams brings unique opportunities, but also new challenges. For their predictive nonparametric analysis, Hoeffding-based trees are often a method of choice, which offers a possibility of any-time predictions. Although one of their main problems is the delay in learning progress due to the presence of equally discriminative attributes. Options are a natural way to deal with this problem. In this paper, Option trees which build upon regular trees is presented by adding splitting options in the internal nodes to improve accuracy, stability and reduce ambiguity. Adaptive Hoeffding option tree algorithm is reviewed and results based on accuracy and processing speed of algorithm under various memory limits is presented. The accuracy of Hoeffding Option tree is compared with Hoeffding trees and adaptive Hoeffding option tree under circumstantial conditions . Keywords: data stream, hoeffding trees, option trees, adaptive hoeffding option trees, large databases
The experience of analyzing the digital track of fans to assess the holding of mass events the example of the 2018 FIFA World Cup

The authors explore the Russian and international experience of studying the digital footprint in this article. In particular, it analyzed the digital trace of the fans of the World Cup in 2018. The basis of the research was selected messages on the social network Twitter, marked the official hash tags of the event. As a result of the study, it turned out to measure the psycho-emotional state of the fans, to assess the general emotional background, which accompanied the championship, to single out the periods of the most intensive communication. Together with other search dedicated to the 2018 FIFA World Cup, this research will assess the atmosphere in which the FIFA World Cup was held. In the course of the work, the author's methodology for studying the digital trace was created and tested. The method proposed by the authors can be used to assess the social mood of citizens, and it is also applicable to Big data. It was found that the advantage of the presented technique is high speed and large volumes of analyzed data.
Active calibration: alternative strategy and analysis

Almost all camera calibration techniques use a known calibrating pattern and a static camera. Techniques based on an active camera, which does not need any predefined patterns, are introduced. All that is required is a scene with some strong and stable edges. Two algorithms are presented and analyzed. It is shown that one strategy performs much better in the presence of noise, and thus is preferable in practical situations. Experimental results are shown, demonstrating the validity of the algorithms. <<ETX>>
Loss of thiol repair systems in human cataractous lenses.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the thiol repair systems of thioltransferase (TTase) and thioredoxin (Trx) and oxidation-damaged proteins in human cataractous lenses. METHODS Cataractous lenses in humans (57-85 years of age) were classified into cortical, nuclear, mixed, mature, and hypermature cataract types by using a lens opacity classification system, and were obtained by extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) procedure. Cortical and nuclear cataracts were grouped by decreasing order of visual acuity into optical chart reading (R), counting fingers (CF), hand motion (HM), and light perception (LP). ECCE lens homogenate was analyzed for glutathione (GSH) level and enzyme activities of TTase, glutathione reductase (GR), Trx, and thioredoxin reductase (TR). Cortical and nuclear cataractous lenses (8 of each) with visual acuity better than HM were each dissected into cortical and nuclear portions for measurement of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PD) activity. Clear lenses (in humans 49-71 years of age) were used as control. RESULTS Compared with control, all cataractous lenses lost more than 80% GSH and 70% GR; TR and Trx activity; and 40% to 70% TTase activity, corroborated with the loss in visual acuity. Among cataracts with R and CF visual acuity, cortical cataract lost more cortical G3PD activity (18% of control) than that of nuclear cataract (50% of control), whereas GSH depletion and TTase inactivation were similar in both cataracts. CONCLUSIONS Thiol repair systems were damaged in all types of cataracts. Cortical and nuclear cataracts showed differential G3PD inactivation in the cortex, implying those 2 type of cataracts might be formed through different mechanisms.
WIRELESS PROTECTIVE RELAYING SCHEME FOR SMART GRID PROTECTION

Integration of Distributed Energy Sources (DESs) with traditional grid besides having many technical advantages, poses technical challenges to power engineers. Bidirectional power flow, dynamic fault currents are the few challenges. The relay settings need to be made adaptive to dynamic fault current levels of power system with DESs. Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) can effectively be deployed to ensure the adaptive operation of relays. The state of operation of distributed energy sources are essential information to be communicated to IEDs to make relaying adaptive. The information and communication technology (ICT) plays a major role in acquiring and communicating the data pertaining to the operating conditions of DES s.This paper proposes a ZigBee based method to transmit the current or voltage values measured at various sections of power system wirelessly.The processor deployed in the control centrereceives and process the received data. Thesuitable command for tripping of circuit breaker in case of any abnormal conditions may be triggered by the processor.
Factor Analysis of the Brazilian Version of UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale

Objective: To examine the internal consistency and factor structure of the Brazilian adaptation of the UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale. Methods: UPPS is a self-report scale composed by 40 items assessing four factors of impulsivity: (a) urgency, (b) lack of premeditation; (c) lack of perseverance; (d) sensation seeking. In the present study 384 participants (278 women and 106 men), who were recruited from schools, universities, leisure centers and workplaces fulfilled the UPPS scale. An exploratory factor analysis was performed by using Varimax factor rotation and Kaiser Normalization, and we also conducted two confirmatory analyses to test the independency of the UPPS components found in previous analysis. Results: Results showed a decrease in mean UPPS total scores with age and this analysis showed that the youngest participants (below 30 years) scored significantly higher than the other groups over 30 years. No difference in gender was found. Cronbach’s alpha, results indicated satisfactory values for all subscales, with similar high values for the subscales and confirmatory factor analysis indexes also indicated a poor model fit. The results of two exploratory factor analysis were satisfactory. Conclusion: Our results showed that the Portuguese version has the same four-factor structure of the original and previous translations of the UPPS.
Prevalence of Diabetes and Glucose Intolerance in 199 Offspring of Thirty-seven Conjugal Diabetic Parents

We have studied the prevalence of diabetes and glucose intolerance, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, in a cohort of 199 offspring of conjugal diabetic parents. Although the prevalence of already known diabetes was low (11.5 per cent), twenty-eight of 123 tested offspring (23 per cent), ranging in age from ten to sixty (mean 32.6) years had latent diabetes on their initial glucose tolerance test. Eighty of 123 tested offspring had a normal initial glucose tolerance test. Forty-one of those whose first glucose tolerance test was normal were retested after a mean of 9.4 years and showed no significant change in mean glucose tolerance. On the basis of questionnaire data only, we estimate that cumulatively 36.5 per cent of offspring will have diabetes by the age of sixty years. However, if all offspring are routinely surveyed with glucose tolerance tests, 60 per cent will have abnormal glucose tolerance by the age of sixty years. In view of the high prevalence of asymptomatic latent diabetes, genetic studies of diabetes should not be based on questionnaire data. In six families all offspring were diabetic; in twenty-one families there was a mixture of diabetic and nondiabetic offspring; and in ten none of the offspring was diabetic. The finding of families with no diabetic offspring suggests the possibility of genetic heterogeneity of diabetes in the parents. Most of the parents had maturity-onset diabetes with a mean age at diagnosis of 54.5 years of age. Diabetes among their offspring was generally of a mild maturity-onset type. Only 2 per cent of offspring at risk had developed juvenile-onset type diabetes. Thus the prevalence of any metabolic abnormalities in offspring of two maturity-onset type parents cannot be assumed to be relevant to the offspring of parents with juvenile-onset type diabetes.
Membrane topology of the Escherichia coli ExbD protein

The ExbD protein is involved in the energy-coupled transport of ferric siderophores, vitamin B12, and B-group colicins across the outer membrane of Escherichia coli. In order to study ExbD membrane topology, ExbD-beta-lactamase fusion proteins were constructed. Cells expressing beta-lactamase fusions to residues 53, 57, 70, 76, 78, 80, 92, 121, and 134 of ExbD displayed high levels of ampicillin resistance, whereas fusions to residues 9 and 19 conferred no ampicillin resistance. It is concluded that the only hydrophobic segment of ExbD, encompassing residues 23 to 43, forms a transmembrane domain and that residues 1 to 22 are located in the cytoplasm and residues 44 to 141 are located in the periplasm.