Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF EVOLVING DATA STREAM USING WEIGHTED CLUSTERING

A BSTRACT . One of the data mining important tasks is clustering, and data stream clustering is a complicated process due to the inﬁnite data arrival. Besides, the rapid growth of ICT, such as the deployment of the Internet of Things (IoT) in various real-world applications, has contributed to the overwhelming data stream. As data stream evolves over time, grouping the data into relevant clusters requires much of an attention. This paper discusses the various clustering algorithms used for the data stream and highlights their strength and weakness. To follow, proposed a new weighted function to cluster the evolving data stream. The main aim is to come up with a new cluster weight function that can enhance the evolving data stream clustering. The new function includes all the essential factors that affect data stream weight; some of these factors been missed by other studies.
Voronoi diagrams in quasi-2D hard sphere systems

Variants of the Voronoi construction, commonly applied to divide space, are analysed for quasi-two-dimensional hard sphere systems. Configurations are constructed from a polydisperse lognormal distribution of sphere radii, mimicking recent experimental investigations. In addition, experimental conditions are replicated where spheres lie on a surface such that their respective centres do not occupy a single plane. Significantly, we demonstrate that using an unweighted (no dependence on sphere size) two-dimensional Voronoi construction (in which the sphere centres are simply projected onto a single plane) is topologically equivalent to taking the lowest horizontal section through a three-dimensional construction in which the division of space is weighted in terms of sphere size. The problem is then generalised by considering the tessellations formed from horizontal sections through the three-dimensional construction at arbitrary cut height above the basal plane. This further suggests a definition of the commonly-applied packing fraction which avoids the counter-intuitive possibility of it becoming greater than unity. Key network and Voronoi cell properties (the fraction of six-membered rings, assortativity and cell height) and are analysed as a function of separation from the basal plane and the limits discussed. Finally, practical conclusions are drawn of direct relevance to on-going experimental investigations.
Technical efficiency and inefficiency: Reassurance of standard SFA models and a misspecification problem

This paper formally proves that if inefficiency ($u$) is modelled through the variance of $u$ which is a function of $z$ then marginal effects of $z$ on technical inefficiency ($TI$) and technical efficiency ($TE$) have opposite signs. This is true in the typical setup with normally distributed random error $v$ and exponentially or half-normally distributed $u$ for both conditional and unconditional $TI$ and $TE$. We also provide an example to show that signs of the marginal effects of $z$ on $TI$ and $TE$ may coincide for some ranges of $z$. If the real data comes from a bimodal distribution of $u$, and we estimate model with an exponential or half-normal distribution for $u$, the estimated efficiency and the marginal effect of $z$ on $TE$ would be wrong. Moreover, the rank correlations between the true and the estimated values of $TE$ could be small and even negative for some subsamples of data. This result is a warning that the interpretation of the results of applying standard models to real data should take into account this possible problem. The results are demonstrated by simulations.
Automatic Tomato and Peduncle Location System Based on Computer Vision for Use in Robotized Harvesting

Protected agriculture is a field in which the use of automatic systems is a key factor. In fact, the automatic harvesting of delicate fruit has not yet been perfected. This issue has received a great deal of attention over the last forty years, although no commercial harvesting robots are available at present, mainly due to the complexity and variability of the working environments. In this work we developed a computer vision system (CVS) to automate the detection and localization of fruit in a tomato crop in a typical Mediterranean greenhouse. The tasks to be performed by the system are: (1) the detection of the ripe tomatoes, (2) the location of the ripe tomatoes in the XY coordinates of the image, and (3) the location of the ripe tomatoes’ peduncles in the XY coordinates of the image. Tasks 1 and 2 were performed using a large set of digital image processing tools (enhancement, edge detection, segmentation, and the feature’s description of the tomatoes). Task 3 was carried out using basic trigonometry and numerical and geometrical descriptors. The results are very promising for beef and cluster tomatoes, with the system being able to classify 80.8% and 87.5%, respectively, of fruit with visible peduncles as “collectible”. The average processing time per image for visible ripe and harvested tomatoes was less than 30 ms.
Acid–base core–shell microspheres are incorporated into proton exchange membranes to effectively alleviate the rapid decline in proton conductivity at low humidity

The development of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) that can avoid rapid decay of proton conductivity under low humidity is of great significance for the practical application of PEMFC. In this study, acid–base core–shell microspheres (PCSMs-MA@TAC) with a carboxylic acid core and a triazine shell were synthesized by distillation-precipitation polymerization using cross-linked carboxylic acid microspheres (PMAA) as seeds. These PCSMs were then incorporated into a sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) matrix to make hybrid membranes. Incorporation of PCSMs microspheres can not only strengthen the vehicle mechanism by increasing the water uptake of the membrane, but also the acid–base pairs formed at the SPEEK/PCSMs interface provide a new low-energy barrier pathway for proton hopping, thereby enhancing the proton conduction of the Grotthuss mechanism. The results show that when the content is 10 wt%, the proton conductivity of the SPEEK/PCSMs-MA@TAC composite membrane can reach 0.161 S cm−1 at 80°C and 100% RH, which is 19.3% higher than the SPEEK control membrane (0.135 S cm−1). In particular, even at 60% RH, the proton conductivity of the SPEEK/PCSMs-MA@TAC-10 composite membrane is still 67 mS cm−1, which is 3.16 times higher than that of the SPEEK membrane. Therefore, the SPEEK/PCSMs-MA@TAC composite membrane can maintain superior performance even under high temperature and low humidity conditions.
Geographical variation and local environment effects in the reproductive output and fecundity of the shrimp Exhippolysmata oplophoroides (Decapoda: Caridea) in southeastern Brazil

Abstract We studied the shrimp Exhippolysmata oplophoroides in southeastern Brazil (Macaé, 22º37″S; Ubatuba, 23º55″S; and Cananéia, 25º53″S) to test the hypotheses that (1) females should have the same reproductive output and fecundity at the regional scale, and (2) these reproductive parameters can vary among regions. Maximum carapace length (Macaé = 13.1 mm, Ubatuba = 12.8, Cananéia = 16), fecundity, and reproductive output differed among regions (Ancova, p < 0.05). Females in Cananéia exhibited the highest reproductive output/fecundity (18.6%/5230 embryos), followed by those in Macaé (16.0%/4365 embryos) and Ubatuba (12.6%/1206 embryos). We found that fecundity/reproductive output varies inversely with the length of the reproductive season, i.e. a considerable amount of energy is allocated during seasonal spawning periods in subtropical regions such as Cananéia. Previous studies have proved that E. oplophoroides is able to reproduce continuously in Ubatuba, with probably minor but continuous energy investment in reproduction occurring in this tropical region. In contrast, although Macaé is located at tropical latitude, it is under the influence of Cabo Frio upwelling that alters the water’s physical properties via cold water intrusion. This process may be a determining factor in the spawning seasonality of Macaé’s shrimp population, justifying the higher reproductive output recorded here than in Ubatuba.
Treatment of COVID-19: Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine

From the Document: To date, the U S Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved any therapeutics--drugs or biologics--for the treatment of COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019] However, FDA has authorized the emergency use of three drugs, including two drugs that have been approved by FDA for other uses: hydroxychloroquine sulfate ('hydroxychloroquine') and chloroquine phosphate ('chloroquine') The agency authorized the emergency use of both drugs on March 28, 2020 [ ] Some stakeholders--including several former FDA officials--have expressed concern regarding FDA's EUA [emergency use authorization], stating that current data regarding the safety and effectiveness of these drugs for treatment of COVID-19 are largely anecdotal and that expanding access may jeopardize research into the drug On April 24, 2020, FDA issued a drug safety communication warning against the use of these drugs for treatment of COVID-19 outside of the hospital setting or a clinical trial due to risk of heart rhythm problems Further, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) treatment guidelines on use of antivirals for COVID-19 state that '[t]here are insufficient clinical data to recommend either for or against using chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19' and recommend against using high-dose chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19 COVID-19 (Disease);Therapeutics
Are nucleoli participating in programmed cell death? (MINI-REVIEW AND RECENT OBSERVATIONS)

Summary Despite numerous publications on nucleoli, their participation in terminal maturation and programmed cell death have not been studied extensively. On the other hand, some observations clearly indicate that terminal maturation and programmed cell death are accompanied by marked nucleolar changes which reflect the cessation of nucleolar biosynthetic activities. In addition, nucleolar changes in the course of terminal maturation may precede programmed cell death. Keywords: nucleolus – erythrocytic and granulocytic precursors – terminal maturation – programmed cell death INTRODUCTION Despite numerous reports on nucleoli in the literature (see Busch and Smetana 1970, Wachtler and Stahl 1983, Pederson 1998), its role in terminal maturation, programmed cell death and apoptosis has been less well studied and understood (Martelli et al. 2001). The maturation compartments and terminal maturation stages of erythroid and granulocytic lineages are very convenient cells for such studies because they are well defined in both blood forming organs and peripheral blood (Bessis 1974).
Identification of Genetic Loci that Contribute to the Immunopathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus using Congenic Mouse Strains

ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS. v LIST OF TABLES. viii LIST OF FIGURES . ix LIST OF PUBLICATIONS . xi ABBREVIATIONS . xiii CHAPTER
Characterization of CRISPR RNA biogenesis pathways in Streptococcus thermophilus

CRISPR-Cas systems are small RNA-based immune systems that protect prokaryotes from invaders such as viruses and plasmids. There are multiple CRISPR-Cas systems comprised of distinct sets of Cas proteins and CRISPR (cr)RNA species. We have investigated the biogenesis of crRNAs in Streptococcus thermophilus (Sth), which possesses 4 CRISPR-Cas system modules. crRNAs are processed from CRISPR locus transcripts, which contain multiple invader-targeting (or guide) sequences separated by a repeat sequence. Our results indicate that the crRNAs from each CRISPR locus are specifically processed by Cas proteins associated with the respective locus into divergent crRNA species. We find that the crRNAs from the Csm Type III-A system in Sth are initially processed by the Cas6 protein and ultimately trimmed to RNAs with an 8-nucleotide 5’ CRISPR repeat sequence tag and ~35-nucleotide invader-targeting sequence. The Cse Type I-E system crRNAs are processed by Cse3 (Cas6e) and possess a 21nucleotide 3’ repeat tag as well as an 8-nucleotide 5’ tag flanking the guide sequence. The crRNAs from the two Csn Type II-A systems present in Sth are similar overall, consisting of a 5’-truncated targeting sequence and a 3’ tag, but interestingly, are distinct in the sizes of these 2 component elements. Moreover, we find that the Csn-1 (Cas9) protein associated with one Csn locus functions specifically in the production of crRNAs from that locus. Our findings indicate that multiple CRISPR-Cas systems can function independently in crRNA biogenesis in a given organism. This knowledge is important to understand and engineer co-existing CRISPR-Cas pathways.
SPACEBORNE GNSS-R RETRIEVING ON GLOBAL SOIL MOISTURE APPROACHED BY SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE LEARNING

Abstract. GNSS Reflectometry system is an excellent to sense soil moisture content. In recent, GNSS-R technique could be aided to detect soil moisture contents but still have many difficulities issues, most especially vegetation impact. Soil moisture observing is a major concept for enhancing the sustainability of the earth’s system and process. On retrieving soil moisture from spaceborne GNSS-R technology has been challenging to the system, retrieving model and geophysical parameters. In this research, we use the Support Vector Machine (SVM) method to retrieve global soil moisture, the TDS-1 Delay Doppler Map (DDM) and the AVHRR Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) imagery as inputs and the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) soil moisture data as a reference to retrieve global SM daily basis. The results have shown that the squared correlation coefficient (R) values are much higher in TDS-1 fused with NDVI than using DDM alone, which indicates that vegetation impact has effectively weakened. The feasibility of this approach could provide the performance for spaceborne GNSS-R retrieving to soil moisture analysis.
Biological effect for oils of harmala seeds peganum harmala L. and fenugreek Trigonella foenum - graecum L. in southern cowpea beetle Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).

Abstract: Studying the effects of serial concentration of harmala and fenugreek seeds oil against the southern cowpea beetle Callosobruchus maculatus F. in cowpea seeds ( reddish , white , reddish- brown and black) revealed that there was significant toxic effect of all concentrations on immature stages and adult emergence. harmala seeds oil was more effective than fenugreek oil in all treatments. The rates of productivity in southern cowpea beetle for cowpea seeds for tamarind seeds oil at 0.5/20g reached 38.83, 29.04 and 30.03, 21.45 %, and first generation (F1) reduction 93.67, 94.54, 94.33 and 96.59% respectively and for fenugreek seed oil was 68.00 , 69.69, 63.68 and 56.59 % and 38.46, 30.30, 18.87 and 18.17% respectively at the same concentration. The developmental period was positively decreased in relation with increase of concentration of oils . The two concentrations 0.4 and 0.5% were decreased the germinability percentages of reddish- brown and black cowpea seeds ranged 50.00- 50.66% while fenugreek all of fenugreek seed oils that treated cowpea seeds four didn’t affect on germinability percentages ranged 76.66- 96.66%. Also significant difference found clearly in the attraction and repellency responses. The harmala seeds oil in different concentrations showed a superior repellency effect on insect reached maximum at 0.5% , the highest average of individuals repellency reached 3.66 and 5.00 rates 36.60 and 50.00% with attractant rates 3.30 and 3.30 % as it balance rates reached -33.30 and -46.70% after 15 and 30 minutes of treating , while fenugreek seeds oil showed significant attractant effect, the concentration 0.5% recorded highest rates of attractant, the average of individuals attractant reached 4.33 and 6.00% rates 43.30 and 60.00% and repellent rates 6.60 and 3.30% as it balance rates reached + 36.00 and + 56.70 % after 15 and 30 minutes of treating . Key words: Cowpea, Vigna , Oils , Callosobruchus. Harmala , fenugreek
Population growth of Rhopalosiphum padi under different thermal regimes: an agent‐based model approach

Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus, 1758) is abundant and has a broad geographic distribution. It is one of the most important cereal pests. In Brazil, the economic losses associated with this aphid result mainly from the transmission of the barley yellow dwarf viruses. Decision‐making for the adoption of management measures must consider the initial population size, the potential for population increase, and the time when this population will reach levels at which the resulting damage is equal to the costs of control measures. Consequently, the establishment of management programmes and decision support systems should be based on models that estimate the potential population growth of this pest species. Temperature is one of the main factors that determine the growth rate of insect populations. Generally, controlled experiments are designed to examine the relationship of temperature at fixed intervals in relation to the development phases of insects. In nature, thermal regimes are not constant, and population growth is the result of a series of combined events. In this work, the effects of different thermal regimes on the population growth of R. padi were compared. An agent‐based model was used to estimate population growth, and the parameters defined in controlled regimes were compared with fluctuating temperatures under natural conditions. The temperature‐driven model presented here can serve as a tool to predict population growth and decision‐making for aphid management. The model structure and the proposed experimental design allow the addition of modules and layers of factors that can progressively affect the populations of aphids to gradually improve the model.
Introducing TC intensity into the DSAEF_LTP model and simulating precipitation of super‐typhoon Lekima (2019)

In this study, the Dynamical‐Statistical‐Analog Ensemble Forecast model for landfall typhoon precipitation (the DSAEF_LTP model), which has been developed by Ren et al., in 2020, is applied to precipitation simulations for super‐typhoon Lekima (2019), a tropical cyclone (TC) that produced heavy rainfall over eastern China. A new variable, TC intensity, is introduced into the generalized initial value (GIV) of the DSAEF_LTP model. Two different groups of simulation experiments, one group including the new TC intensity variable in the GIV and the other group excluding it, have been conducted. Results show that, with TC intensity, the ability of the DSAEF_LTP model to forecast heavy rainfall (i.e. accumulated precipitation exceeding thresholds of 250 and 100 mm) for Lekima is improved. Its threat score (TS) ranks the second compared with that of three numerical weather prediction models (i.e. ECMWF, GRAPES and GFS). Further study shows that three factors prevent the DSAEF_LTP model from achieving more satisfactory results for Lekima: the historically rare occurrence of extreme precipitation in northern China during Lekima, the increase of forecast track error when Lekima moved northwards, and the calculation of similarity between tracks of Lekima and historical TCs within an improper region (i.e. similarity region). To solve the third problem, new similarity region schemes are adopted that produce higher TS, in which case TS of precipitation greater than 100 mm (TS100) ranks first and TS of precipitation greater than 250 mm (TS250) gets closer to the first place.
A comparative study on the antioxidant activity of selected medicinal plant extracts

The ethanol and methanol extracts of, Prunus dulkis (Almond), Ficus racemosa (Audumbar), Kalanchoe pinnata (Panphutti) , Ocimum gratissimum (Tulsi) were screened for their free radical scavenging property using ascorbic acid as standard antioxidant. Free radical sacvanging activity was studied using DPPH method. Highest antioxidant activity observed in Kalanchoe pinnata with 69.841% and 78.56% in ethanol and methanol extract respectively. In case of ethanol extract Ficus racemosa , and Ocimum gratissimum showed higher antioxidant activity as compared to other . In case of methanol extract Kalanchoe pinnata is at top. This present study proves that the plant extracts have considerable antioxidant property and further detailed studies and characterization of these plant extracts can contribute to their medicinal and pharmaceutical applications.
Piezocatalysis and Piezo‐Photocatalysis: Catalysts Classification and Modification Strategy, Reaction Mechanism, and Practical Application

Piezoelectric‐based catalysis that relies on the charge energy or separation efficiency of charge carriers has attracted significant attention. The piezo‐potential induced by strain or stress can induce a giant electric field, which has been demonstrated to be an effective means for charge energy shifting or transferring electrons and holes. In recent years, intense efforts have been made in this subject, and the research has mainly focussed on two aspects: i) Alteration of surface charge energy by piezo‐potential in piezocatalysis; ii) the separation of photo‐generated charge carriers and the catalytic activity enhancement of an integrated piezoelectric semiconductor or coupled system composed of piezoelectrics and semiconductors. Systematically summarizing the advances of the above two aspects is helpful in the context of deepening understanding of the relevant issues and developing new ideas for piezoelectric‐based catalysis. In this review, a comprehensive summary on piezocatalysis and piezo‐photocatalysis is provided. The charge transfer behaviors and catalytic mechanisms over a large variety of piezocatalysts and piezo‐photocatalysts are systematically analyzed. In addition, the types of mechanical energy, strategies for enhancing piezocatalysis, and the advanced applications of piezocatalysis and piezo‐photocatalysis are discussed. Finally, the promising development directions of piezocatalysis and piezo‐photocatalysis, such as materials, assembly forms, and applications in the future are proposed.
A Review on Clothes Matching and Recommendation Systems based on user Attributes

—Dressing appropriately is very important when going out in the real world. Wearing clothes properly that show some level of style and wearing them such that they adhere to the norms of social standards uplifts the confidence of the person and creates a very good impression. The study focuses on helping the user to find optimized matching pair of clothes taking into account intricate details like style, patterns, colors, textures, etc. also keeping in mind users attributes like age, skin tone, favorite color etc. It aims to help the user choose clothes that are fashionable and organize their closet. It tries to help the user to wear clothes that are suitable to occasions and helps user to buy clothes that would suit their style. In this paper, an in depth study is performed of various systems that are developed for the various features that must be kept in mind for making a robust system that finds matching clothes of the user as well as makes recommendations. Systems developed to make recommendations of clothes using various approaches have been studied and their merits and demerits high-lighted. Systems that are used for clothes detection have also been studied to make the system user-friendly while the user provides input.