Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Best Practice Recommendations for Replicating Experiments in Public Administration

Replication is an important mechanism through which broad lessons for theory and practice can be drawn in the applied interdisciplinary social science field of public administration. We suggest a common replication framework for public administration that is illustrated by experimental work in the field. Drawing on knowledge from other disciplines, together with our experience in replicating several experiments on topics such as decision making, organizational rules, and government–citizen relationships, we provide an overview of the replication process. We then distill this knowledge into seven decision points that offer a clear set of best practices on how to design and implement replications in public administration. We conclude by arguing that replication should be part of the normal scientific process in public administration to help to build valid middle-range theories and provide valuable lessons to practice.
Channels of Employee Voice: Complementary or Competing for Space?

This article identifies the existence of employee voice channels and examines how they interact within the context of an overall organisational voice system. In so doing, we can better appreciate the disparities between the microâ€ level reality and macroâ€ level rhetoric of employee voice for highly skilled employees in the knowledge intensive sector. Drawing on an instrumental, inductive case study involving managers and, most notably, employees, the research finds that the plurality of mechanisms provided for voice appears to cause some confusion that leads to a neglect of certain channels and others competing for attention. This raises the issue, which has not received attention thus far, as to whether the availability of multiple voice channels can have counterâ€ productive effects whereby they start to compete with rather than complement each other.
Electrophysiological Evidence for Hyperfocusing of Spatial Attention in Schizophrenia

A recently proposed hyperfocusing hypothesis of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia proposes that people with schizophrenia (PSZ) tend to concentrate processing resources more narrowly but more intensely than healthy control subjects (HCS). The present study tests a key prediction of this hypothesis, namely, that PSZ will hyperfocus on information presented at the center of gaze. This should lead to greater filtering of peripheral stimuli when the task requires focusing centrally but reduced filtering of central stimuli when the task requires attending broadly in the periphery. These predictions were tested in a double oddball paradigm, in which frequent standard stimuli and rare oddball stimuli were presented at central and peripheral locations while event-related potentials were recorded. Participants were instructed to discriminate between the standard and oddball stimuli at either the central location or at the peripheral locations. PSZ and HCS showed opposite patterns of spatial bias at the level of early sensory processing, as assessed with the P1 component: PSZ exhibited stronger sensory suppression of peripheral stimuli when the task required attending narrowly to the central location, whereas HCS exhibited stronger sensory suppression of central stimuli when the task required attending broadly to the peripheral locations. Moreover, PSZ exhibited a stronger stimulus categorization response than HCS, as assessed with the P3b component, for central stimuli when the task required attending to the peripheral region. These results provide strong evidence of hyperfocusing in PSZ, which may provide a unified mechanistic account of multiple aspects of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Schizophrenia clearly involves impaired attention, but attention is complex, and delineating the precise nature of attentional dysfunction in schizophrenia has been difficult. The present study tests a new hyperfocusing hypothesis, which proposes that people with schizophrenia (PSZ) tend to concentrate processing resources more intensely but more narrowly than healthy control subjects (HCS). Using electrophysiological measures of sensory and cognitive processing, we found that PSZ were actually superior to HCS in focusing attention at the point of gaze and filtering out peripheral distractors when the task required a narrow focusing of attention. This finding of superior filtering in PSZ supports the hyperfocusing hypothesis, which may provide the mechanism underlying a broad range of cognitive impairments in schizophrenia.
Mathematical Models for Simulating Coded Digital Communication: A Comprehensive Tutorial by Big Data Analytics in Cyber-Physical Systems

In this paper, we first present the significance of information theory and several commonly referred concepts associated with it. Then, the communication channel models constructed by information theory are briefly introduced. Meanwhile, the channel capacity, as a key role in modeling a channel, is expatiated. In addition, source coding and channel coding are compared and explained with a number of simulations. By reading this paper, the readers are expected to understand the significance of information theory as well as the indispensable roles of source coding and channel coding in a communication system. Furthermore, most of the techniques and fundamentals introduced and analyzed in this paper are feasible for the big data analytics in cyber-physical systems, which pave the way for coding over these newborn systems.
Targeted Anticancer Immunotoxins and Cytotoxic Agents with Direct Killing Moieties

Despite the progress of the bioinformatics approach to characterize cell-surface antigens and receptors on tumor cells, it remains difficult to generate novel cancer vaccines or neutralizing monoclonal antibody therapeutics. Among targeted cancer therapeutics, biologicals with targetable antibodies or ligands conjugated or fused to toxins or chemicals for direct cell-killing ability have been developed over the last 2 decades. These conjugated or fused chimeric proteins are termed immunotoxins or cytotoxic agents. Two agents, DAB389IL-2 (ONTAKTM) targeting the interleukin-2 receptor and CD33-calicheamicin (Mylotarg®), have been approved by the FDA for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML), respectively. Such targetable agents, including RFB4(dsFv)-PE38 (BL22), IL13-PE38QQR, and Tf-CRM107, are being tested in clinical trials. Several agents using unique technology such as a cleavable adapter or immunoliposomes with antibodies are also in the preclinical stage. This review summarizes the generation, mechanism, and development of these agents. In addition, possible future directions of this therapeutic approach are discussed.
M2M Communications in 3GPP LTE/LTE-A Networks: Architectures, Service Requirements, Challenges, and Applications

Machine-to-machine (M2M) communication is an emerging technology to provide ubiquitous connectivity among devices without human intervention. The cellular networks are considered a ready-to-use infrastructure to implement M2M communications. However, M2M communications over cellular pose significant challenges to cellular networks due to different data transactions, diverse applications, and a large number of connections. To support such a large number of devices, M2M system architecture should be extremely power and spectrum efficient. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey on M2M communications in the context of the Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and Long-Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A). More specifically, this paper presents architectural enhancements for providing M2M services in 3GPP LTE/LTE-A networks and reviews the features and requirements of M2M applications. In addition, the signal overheads and various quality-of-service (QoS) requirements in M2M communications also deserve our attention. We address M2M challenges over 3GPP LTE/LTE-A and also identify the issues on diverse random access overload control to avoid congestion caused by random channel access of M2M devices. Different application scenarios are considered to illustrate futuristic M2M applications. Finally, we present possible enabling technologies and point out the directions for M2M communications research.
Racism, ethnicity, and social policy

*Introduction *Racism and Anti-Racism: Some Conceptual Themes and Debates *'Race', the Underclass and Benefits: Perceptions and Experiences *Racial Inequality and Housing: Meaning and Interventions *Personal Social Services and the Reality of Community Care *Ethnicity and Health: Problems and Policies *Differential Achievement in Education and Training *Conclusion
Nitrogen excretion in rats on a protein-free diet and during starvation

Nitrogen balances (six days) were determined in male Wistar rats during feeding a diet with sufficient protein or a nearly protein-free diet (n = 2×24), and then during three days of starvation (n = 2×12). The objective was to evaluate the effect of protein withdrawal on minimum nitrogen excretion in urine (UN), corresponding to endogenous UN, during feeding and subsequent starvation periods. The rats fed the protein free-diet had almost the same excretion of urinary N during feeding and starvation (165 and 157 mg/kg W0.75), while it was 444 mg/kg W0.75 in rats previously fed with protein, demonstrating a major influence of protein content in a diet on Nexcretion during starvation. Consequently, the impact of former protein supply on Nlosses during starvation ought to be considered when evaluating minimum N requirement necessary to sustain life.
Jakarta congestion mapping and classification from twitter data extraction using tokenization and naïve bayes classifier

The data potential of Twitter is a powerful resource for data mining exploration. This research aims to pull the traffic information in Jakarta from Twitter. The first output is to develop a web application that can display Jakarta's traffic situation in real time. The process include filtering and tokenizing to get the traffic jam's location and direction to be displayed on Google Map. The second output is to develop a predictive analysis system to oversee Jakarta traffic pattern in a certain period of time using Naïve Bayes Classifier.
Addition of dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine for greater palatine nerve block prolongs postoperative analgesia after cleft palate repair

Background and objective The effect of dexmedetomidine on the duration of sensory blockade has not been studied in humans. We evaluated the effect of adding dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine on the duration of postoperative analgesia in children who underwent repair of a cleft palate. Methods Thirty children who were scheduled for repair of a complete cleft palate using a combination of general anaesthesia and greater palatine nerve block were allocated randomly into one of two equal groups (n = 15). In both groups, the greater palatine nerve block was performed bilaterally using 0.5 ml of solution on each side. The B group received bupivacaine 0.25%, whereas the BD group received bupivacaine 0.25% with 1 μg kg−1 dexmedetomidine. Heart rate, systolic blood pressure, pain score, the time to the first request for analgesia, and the degree of sedation were recorded. Results There was no difference in haemodynamic variables between the two groups. The pain score was significantly higher in the B group as compared with the BD group. The time to the first request for analgesia was significantly longer in children in the BD group (mean 22 h, range 20.6–23.7 h) as compared with those who received bupivacaine alone (14.2 h, 13–15 h). Sedation scores in the postoperative period did not differ between the study groups. Conclusion Greater palatine nerve block with a combination of dexmedetomidine and bupivacaine increased the duration of analgesia after repair of a cleft palate by 50% with no clinically relevant side effects.
Depression in adults: psychological treatments and care pathways.

INTRODUCTION Depression may affect up to 10% of the population, with symptoms recurring in half of affected people. In mild to moderate depression, there is no reliable evidence that any one treatment is superior in improving symptoms of depression, but the strength of evidence supporting different treatments varies. METHODS AND OUTCOMES We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of psychological treatments, and of interventions to reduce relapse rates, in mild to moderate or severe depression? What are the effects of psychological interventions to improve delivery of treatments in mild to moderate or severe depression? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library and other important databases up to April 2006 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). RESULTS We found 55 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions. CONCLUSIONS In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: befriending, care pathways, cognitive therapy, combining antidepressant drugs and psychological treatments, interpersonal psychotherapy, non-directive counselling, problem-solving therapy, relapse prevention programme.
GENETIC POLYMORPHISM OF APOLIPOPROTEIN E IN CAUCASIAN ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOTICS

Steatosis is the most common although inconstant hepatic lesion induced by chronic alcohol consumption. Alcoholic cirrhosis is found in only 20 to 30% of chronic alcohol misusers, which points to the influence of both environmental and genetic factors. Apolipoprotein E (apo E) presents an important polymorphism with three common alleles, e4, e3 and e2. Its modulation role on triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and cholesterol-containing lipoproteins is linked with its interaction with cellular specific receptors. This work aims at studying a possible correlation between apo E polymorphism and alcoholic cirrhosis. The three common alleles were identified by enzymatic amplification (PCR) of genomic DNA from blood samples and analysis of restriction profiles. The distribution of alleles and genotypes was performed in 35 Caucasian cirrhotic patients (medium age 57 years) and compared with the usual distribution of apo E phenotypes in European Caucasian populations. The results show lower e4 and e2 allele frequencies and higher e3 allele frequency in Caucasian alcoholic cirrhotics.
Stroke Rehabilitation in the United Kingdom

Abstract A Consensus Conference on Stroke in 1988 concluded that rehabilitation for stroke in the United Kingdom was poorly organised, was not based on evidence, and was associated with poor outcomes compared with similar health care systems. In addition, there were significant variations in the quality of services and outcome across different areas of the country. Efforts to improve care included increased investment into services and research, development of multidisciplinary national guidelines for all aspects of stroke care, and a regular national audit of stroke rehabilitation. The last 20 years have seen dramatic improvements in the development of a coherent policy for the management of stroke patients in the United Kingdom, underpinned by well-organised services within a framework of guidelines and performance review. However, further work is needed to increase the evidence base for the nature, duration, and effectiveness of complex rehabilitation interventions and to improve multidisciplinary interactions and communications with patients and their caregivers. Of the further work required, the leading priority is to increase therapy input to make the best use of time that patients spend in rehabilitation settings.
Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) derived tissue oxygenation in critical illness.

PURPOSE Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an emerging technology that can measure tissue oxygen saturation levels (StO2) and has many potential clinical applications. NIRS devices have been studied in various disease states in the pediatric as well as adult populations. A review of this technology, with its potential applications and a review of current evidence is presented. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS NIRS-derived regional tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) is superior to pulse oximetry as it measures tissue oxygen saturation and reflects imbalance between oxygen supply and local demand. Becoming more widely available, it still does not have a firmly established role due to its technical limitations and to the lack of large multi-centric randomized controlled studies necessary to confirm its utility, cost-benefit effectiveness and role in improving patient outcomes. CONCLUSION Widespread availability, ease of use, non-invasive nature and continuous data display makes it an attractive option for bedside clinical monitoring.
Fiscal multipliers and macroeconomic performance in the case of Slovakia and Hungary

The aim of the paper is to estimate and assess the impact of fiscal policy shocks on gross domestic product (GDP) in Slovakia and Hungary as the EU and V4 members and to compare the results of how fiscal policy affects the economy with euro compared with the economy with its own currency. The paper is based on the vector autoregressive (VAR) model to compare the impacts of fiscal shocks in government expenditure and government revenues on real Slovak and Hungarian economy and identify possible differences. Government expenditure shock has a short-term positive effect on Slovak and Hungarian GDP, too. Also, the response of GDP to a single shock in government revenues has an immediate negative impact in Hungary in contrast to Slovakia with the positive response at the beginning. Moreover, the findings support that government expenditure has more significant impact on GDP than in the case of government revenues.
Xenon Treatment Protects against Remote Lung Injury after Kidney Transplantation in Rats

Background:Ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) of renal grafts may cause remote organ injury including lungs. The authors aimed to evaluate the protective effect of xenon exposure against remote lung injury due to renal graft IRI in a rat renal transplantation model. Methods:For in vitro studies, human lung epithelial cell A549 was challenged with H2O2, tumor necrosis factor-&agr;, or conditioned medium from human kidney proximal tubular cells (HK-2) after hypothermia–hypoxia insults. For in vivo studies, the Lewis renal graft was stored in 4°C Soltran preserving solution for 24 h and transplanted into the Lewis recipient, and the lungs were harvested 24 h after grafting. Cultured lung cells or the recipient after engraftment was exposed to 70% Xe or N2. Phospho (p)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), hypoxia-inducible factor-1&agr; (HIF-1&agr;), Bcl-2, high-mobility group protein-1 (HMGB-1), TLR-4, and nuclear factor &kgr;B (NF-&kgr;B) expression, lung inflammation, and cell injuries were assessed. Results:Recipients receiving ischemic renal grafts developed pulmonary injury. Xenon treatment enhanced HIF-1&agr;, which attenuated HMGB-1 translocation and NF-&kgr;B activation in A549 cells with oxidative and inflammatory stress. Xenon treatment enhanced p-mTOR, HIF-1&agr;, and Bcl-2 expression and, in turn, promoted cell proliferation in the lung. Upon grafting, HMGB-1 translocation from lung epithelial nuclei was reduced; the TLR-4/NF-&kgr;B pathway was suppressed by xenon treatment; and subsequent tissue injury score (nitrogen vs. xenon: 26 ± 1.8 vs. 10.7 ± 2.6; n = 6) was significantly reduced. Conclusion:Xenon treatment confers protection against distant lung injury triggered by renal graft IRI, which is likely through the activation of mTOR-HIF-1&agr; pathway and suppression of the HMGB-1 translocation from nuclei to cytoplasm.
Novel cost-efficient contactless distributed monitoring concept for smart battery cells

The market breakthrough of electric vehicles is mainly delayed by the still too high costs of the battery system. The novel distributed battery cell monitoring and management concept presented in this paper allows a significant reduction of the final battery pack costs. Further, due to economies of scale, it provides reduced development costs and much lower time-to-market. The proposed concept provides a contactless cost-efficient data transmission interface with capacitive coupling, thus making the development of a battery monitoring circuit for each battery module type needless. The costs are mainly reduced thanks to the high volume manufacturing approach of novel smart battery cells integrating all the sensors of the monitoring electronics together with passive cell balancing and cell heating function. This paper describes the possibilities offered by the proposed concept and shows implementation examples of such a contactless distributed battery cell monitoring.
Reporters Opinion on Managements of Telugu Newspapers: A Survey Analysis in Andhra Pradesh

This study examines the working conditions and occupational stress of Journalists in Telugu news dailies in Andhra Pradesh. The quantitative survey method was adopted for the study. The population consists of 800 rural journalists of Telugu dailies in Andhra Pradesh. The sample size was chosen to be 100 journalists. The entire questionnaires that were randomly distributed to the 100 selected journalists were duly filled and retrieved. The research results showed that, demographic profile of journalists, Qualification in Journalism, working position in the present organization. Majority of journalists feel professional stress and they have no appointment orders. They were said their work was temporarily basis. Finally concluded that the working condition of Journalists is very low and occupational stress is very high. The attitude of managements did not interest to pay salaries to Journalists.
Does nitric oxide play a role in the aetiology of pre-eclampsia?

Although progress has been made toward our understanding of the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia, the precise aetiology of this disease still remains an enigma. One of the hallmarks of pre-eclampsia is a failure of the extravillous cytotrophoblast cells to invade and remodel the uterine spiral arterioles during the first trimester of pregnancy. Moreover, studies suggest that the cause of this disorder may be immunological in nature. Evidence is provided here suggesting that impaired trophoblastic invasion of the spiral arterioles may be linked to the altered immunological response associated with pre-eclampsia. Previous studies by Reister et al., 1999 demonstrated a direct relationship between macrophage infiltration of the myometrial segments of spiral arterioles and reduced trophoblastic invasion in pre-eclampsia. Also, it is well established that activated macrophages produce large amounts of nitric oxide (NO). Our present findings reveal that low concentrations of NO-mimetic drugs (glyceryl trinitrate and sodium nitroprusside) inhibit the ability of trophoblast cells to penetrate through reconstituted extracellular matrix (Matrigel). This inhibition is accompanied by a reduced expression of the cell surface urokinase receptor, a molecule important for invasion. These results suggest a possible mechanistic link between the aberrant macrophage infiltration associated with pre-eclampsia, and the maladapted uteroplacental arterioles that characterize the disease.