Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Breakdown characteristics of oil-paper insulation under lightning impulse waveforms with oscillations

The non-standard lightning impulse waveforms (N-SLIWs) including oscillating lightning impulses, very fast transient voltages (VFTOs) and steep waveforms in the power system gravely endanger the inner insulation of power transformer. To prevent insulation failure and provide guidance for robust transformer design, in this paper, two typical insulation models of oil-immersed transformer were established and their breakdown characteristics under N-SLIWs were investigated. The research mainly focused on the influence of front time and oscillation frequency of N-SLIWs on the breakdown characteristics. The experimental results showed that the breakdown voltage increased with the decrease of front time. For low frequency-oscillating lightning impulse waveforms (LF-OLIWs), breakdown voltage increased with the increase of oscillation frequency and was up to 30% higher than that under standard lightning impulse waveform (SLIW). For VFTOs, with the increase of frequency, breakdown voltages presented a law of inverted "U" type. Insulation model could withstand the highest value of VFTO when the oscillation frequency was around 2.4 MHz. But when the frequency was as high as 9 MHz, breakdown voltage was close to that under SLIW. A very high frequency oscillation was the main reason for the reduction of breakdown voltage as its steepness dV/dt assisted the effective transmission of the sphere's potential to the head of the streamer channel.
Immunodeficiency among female sexual partners of males with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) - New York.

MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT 697 Immunodeficiency among Female Sexual Partners of Males with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) — New York 698 Formaldehyde Exposures in a Gross Anatomy laboratory — Colorado 700 Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in Prison Inmates—New York. New Jersey 702 Update: Influenza—United States 707 Classification of Measles Cases and Categorization of Measles and Elimination Programs January 7, 1983 / Vol. 31 / No. 52
Risk Factor Effect Sizes in PTSD: What This Means for Intervention

SUMMARY This paper reviews evidence concerning the major risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder. Although there are a number of consistent risk factors, their effects tend to be small and to vary according to the nature of the study. This suggests that they are not well suited to identifying individuals who require early intervention following a traumatic event. In contrast, methods based on symptom reports offer a much more sensitive and practicable approach to screening. A recent instrument, the Trauma Screening Questionnaire, is brief, simple to administer, and highly efficient at identifying survivors in need of intervention.
Permutation Tests for Analysing Cospeciation in Multiple Phylogenies

The purpose of this study is to develop permutation test statistics that can be used to analyse cospeciation in three phylogenies. The null hypothesis, H0, is that the three phylogenies are not related, indicating that the host species evolved independently from their parasite species. The alternative hypothesis, H1, is that there is a close relationship among the three phylogenies which could indicate cospeciation. Three test statistics have been developed. The first one is the Pearson’s partial correlation coefficient,r? , where ? is either xy:z, xz:y or yz:x. A triangular association matrix is used when computing the observed, r obs , and the permuted partial correlation coefficients,r p. To test the significance ofr obs , three partialp values: Px, Py and Pz (for X, Y and Z held constant respectively) are calculated by summing r p r obs and dividing by the total number of permutations, N . To conclude on the overall significance of the results, a geometric p value,Pgm, is calculated. The second test statistic is the eigenvalue, r, computed from the correlation matrix based on a principal component analysis (PCA) method. With this statistic, the eigenvalues r are derived from the correlation coefficients of matrix D, where matrix D takes pairs of triangles of relations from the patristic distances to form its rows and the columns are the three trees X, Y and Z. Only the first r corresponding to PC1 is considered since it has the highest variance, is the largest and explains most of the proportion of variation in the data. Similarly, obs and p are calculated as above. To test the significance of the observed eigenvalues, a p value,P r , is computed by summing the number of p obs and diving byN . The third test statistic is the eigenvalue, c, computed using the covariance matrix. The procedure is exactly the same as the one discussed above and obs and p are calculated. A p value (P c ) is also computed to test the significance of the results. Computation of type I error suggests that using PCA correlation structure produces uniformly distributed p values as well as for the covariance structure but not when partial correlation statistic is used. These results are irrespective of the size of the phylogenies. The power to rejectH0 drops very fast as more association triangles are added or substituted when the partial statistic is used at 0.01 significance level for small phylogenies. When large phylogenies are used, the power to rejectH0 is found to be consistently high in all the three statistics. In conclusion, the permutation method on PCA eigenvalues produces reliable test statistics that can be used to test for cospeciation of multiple phylogenies. The partial test statistics can be used but may give biased results for small phylogenies. BACKGROUND
Low chromosome number in chromophobe renal cell carcinomas

Cytogenetic analysis revealed low chromosome number, telomeric association, and pulverisation of chromosomes in three chromophobe renal cell carcinomas. One fully karyotyped and a previously published case showed the common loss of chromosomes 1, 2, 6, 10, 13, 17, and 21.
[Axis I comorbidity in borderline personality disorder].

OBJECTIVE This study examines Axis I comorbidity in patients with borderline personality disorder as compared with patients with other personality disorders and to patients without personality disorders. METHODS A total of 235 clinical histories were evaluated. These were divided into three groups: 92 pertaining to patients with borderline personality disorder, 69 to ones having other personality disorders and 74 to patients without personality disorders. For purposes of statistical analysis, ANOVA and chi-square were employed. RESULTS There were 89 (96.7%) patients with borderline personality disorder who had at least one Axis I diagnosis, and 13 (16.3%) who had three or more diagnoses, significantly higher in comparison to other groups (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The comorbidity of Axis I diagnoses and borderline personality disorder was found to be high. Borderline personality disorder was significantly associated with mood, anxiety and substance use disorders. A prospective investigation is suggested.
Reduced glycine receptor in the spinal cord in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Transmitter receptor binding was estimated in the spinal cord of 6 subjects with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and 4 control subjects in assays using 3H‐quinuclidinyl benzilate for muscarinic cholinergic receptors, 3H‐strychnine for glycinergic receptors, 3H‐spiroperidol for dopaminergic receptors, 3H‐muscimol for GABAergic receptors, and 3H‐dihydroalprenolol for β‐adrenergic receptors. In ALS, glycinergic receptor binding was greatly reduced in the anterior gray matter. This finding may be attributed to loss of large neurons in the anterior gray matter, known to be characteristic of ALS.
Dependence of Channel Width and Length on MOSFET Matching for 0.18 um CMOS Technology

Mismatch characterization has been performed on 0.18 μm CMOS technology for a wide range of dimensions for both N and P MOSFETs. It is the first time that a great number of dimensions has been tested : this allows to show the evolution of mismatch parameter AVt with both length and width. Matching degradation for short devices is related to the increase of effective channel doping level associated to the larger pocket influence. The effect of lateral isolation on the distribution of polysilicon grain size and orientation could explain mismatch decrease for narrow channel devices.
Clinical Zinc Deficiency as Early Presentation of Wilson Disease

ABSTRACT Wilson disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of the copper metabolism caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the ATP-ase Cu(2+) transporting polypeptide (ATP7B) gene. The copper accumulation in different organs leads to the suspicion of Wilson disease. We describe a child with clinical zinc deficiency as presenting symptom of Wilson disease, which was confirmed by 2 mutations within the ATP7B gene and an increased copper excretion.
UMA ANÁLISE DA LUCRATIVA INDÚSTRIA DE APARELHOS AUDITIVOS E A APRESENTAÇÃO DE UMA SOLUÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA DE BAIXO CUSTO AN ANALYSIS OF THE PROFITABLE HEARING AIDS INDUSTRY AND THE INTRODUCING OF ONE LOW-COST TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTION

O presente trabalho contextualiza o panorama brasileiro e mundial das perdas auditivas da populacao, cuja solucao primaria e caracterizada pelo uso de aparelhos auditivos. Focaliza, ainda, a demanda de tais aparelhos e discute as praticas comerciais no mercado brasileiro, dominado por empresas multinacionais, alem do papel do governo brasileiro como orgao regulamentador e, mais recentemente, como principal consumidor. Serao destacados alguns pilares do desenvolvimento tecnologico desta industria, desde os primordios da era acustica, passando pela era do carbono, pelos circuitos valvulados, transistores, circuitos integrados e, por fim, a era dos processadores de sinais. Descreve a situacao financeira privilegiada de tais empresas e finaliza com a apresentacao de uma solucao tecnologica de baixo custo, a qual pode vir a se tornar uma alternativa aos aparelhos auditivos importados, seja para comercializacao no varejo, seja como alternativa a conducao de politicas publicas e, por fim, materializar-se como alternativa ao projeto mundial da Organizacao Mundial de Saude – WHO – Prevention of Blindness and Deafness.
Obesity Management in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Obesity and insulin resistance play an important role in initiating or maintaining ill health in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This implies that treatment that reduces body weight and insulin resistance would alleviate the symptoms of PCOS. Lifestyle modification has been found to be effective in restoring reproductive function in up to 80% of individuals who achieve at least 5% weight loss. However, long-term weight maintenance is a challenge. This article provides a review of reduced glycemic load diets, including low glycemic index, very low carbohydrate, high-protein and high monounsaturated fat diets, on metabolic and reproductive health in PCOS and non-PCOS populations. Dietary trials in non-PCOS women suggest that higher-protein, reduced glycemic load diets were probably more beneficial than the conventional low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet but further studies are required to confirm this in PCOS women. Similarly, the optimal exercise regime for PCOS women remains to be investigated.
Lists as coping strategy for information overload on Twitter

When following too many users on microblogging services, information overload occurs due to increased and varied communication activity. Users then either leave, or employ coping strategies to continue benefiting from the service. Through a crawl of 31 684 random users from Twitter and a qualitative survey with 115 respondents, it has been determined that by using lists as an information management coping strategy (filtering and compartmentalising varied communication activity), users are capable of following more users and experience fewer symptoms of information overload.
The effect of habitat acoustics on common marmoset vocal signal transmission

Noisy acoustic environments present several challenges for the evolution of acoustic communication systems. Among the most significant is the need to limit degradation of spectro‐temporal signal structure in order to maintain communicative efficacy. This can be achieved by selecting for several potentially complementary processes. Selection can act on behavioral mechanisms permitting signalers to control the timing and occurrence of signal production to avoid acoustic interference. Likewise, the signal itself may be the target of selection, biasing the evolution of its structure to comprise acoustic features that avoid interference from ambient noise or degrade minimally in the habitat. Here, we address the latter topic for common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) long‐distance contact vocalizations, known as phee calls. Our aim was to test whether this vocalization is specifically adapted for transmission in a species‐typical forest habitat, the Atlantic forests of northeastern Brazil. We combined seasonal analyses of ambient habitat acoustics with experiments in which pure tones, clicks, and vocalizations were broadcast and rerecorded at different distances to characterize signal degradation in the habitat. Ambient sound was analyzed from intervals throughout the day and over rainy and dry seasons, showing temporal regularities across varied timescales. Broadcast experiment results indicated that the tone and click stimuli showed the typically inverse relationship between frequency and signaling efficacy. Although marmoset phee calls degraded over distance with marked predictability compared with artificial sounds, they did not otherwise appear to be specially designed for increased transmission efficacy or minimal interference in this habitat. We discuss these data in the context of other similar studies and evidence of potential behavioral mechanisms for avoiding acoustic interference in order to maintain effective vocal communication in common marmosets. Am. J. Primatol. 75:904–916, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparación de los niveles sericos de lipidos entre hombres y mujeres sanos con aquellos que presentan factores asociados a la alteración del metabolismo lipídico en la ciudad de Cartagena

Diversos estudios, han asociado eventos cardiovasculares con niveles sericos de lipidos alterados. Conductas como el tabaquismo, alcoholismo, sedentarismo y otros factores que dependen principalmente de la dieta y la actividad fisica, acompanado de enfermedades como la diabetes, hipertension y las dislipidemias, conforman un cuadro clinico que pueden afectar gravemente la salud de los individuos, mas aun cuando se asocian varios factores al mismo tiempo.
Bringing Ethics Education to the Clinical Years: Ward Ethics Sessions at the University of Washington

Purpose Although most medical schools teach medical ethics during preclinical years, incorporating these ethics into clinical training remains challenging. During clinical rotations, students’ professional behaviors and attitudes are profoundly affected. This project was intended to develop an educational intervention to incorporate medical ethics training as a part of students’ professional development within the context of clinical training. Method “Ward Ethics” is a series of peer discussions guided by clinical faculty mentors trained in fostering issue identification and strategy development. The sessions described here were conducted during medicine and surgery rotations for third-year medical students at the University of Washington School of Medicine from 1998 to 2003. Thirty clinical faculty participated as facilitators. Written evaluations were collected from students and faculty at each session, and faculty interviews were conducted in 2001. Results The data reported are from 24 sessions and 15 faculty interviews from 1999 to 2001. The topics were consistent with prior reports of ethical issues that students encountered. Students reported a variety of learned strategies such as knowing how and when to speak up and transitioning from prioritizing evaluations to focusing on patient care, resulting in their feeling more confident. Faculty reported noticing positive results to their professional development as well. Conclusions Medical students in the clinical years face ethically challenging situations. Some circumstances, if left unexamined, may erode students’ abilities to maintain and develop appropriate professional behaviors. Students participating in this activity agreed that it served as a way to fight isolation, share stories, and exchange ideas for future problem solving.
Review Article : The Gulf War

In many respects, the Gulf War was an unusual war by twentiety-century standards. It was fought by a coalition of extraordinary breadth, in possession of a disproportionate weight of military might and sophistication, against a largely isolated foe, with few if any political and military advantages. The crisis developed in a climate of apparent harmony between former Cold War enemies which, amongst other effects, allowed the United Nations Security Council to function as the arbiter of
Endothelial cell specification in the somite is compromised in Pax3-positive progenitors of Foxc1/2 conditional mutants, with loss of forelimb myogenesis

Pax3 and Foxc2 have been shown genetically to mutually repress each other in the mouse somite. Perturbation of this balance in multipotent cells of the dermomyotome influences cell fate; upregulation of Foxc2 favours a vascular fate, whereas higher levels of Pax3 lead to myogenesis. Foxc1 has overlapping functions with Foxc2. In Foxc1/2 double-mutant embryos, somitogenesis is severely affected, precluding analysis of somite derivatives. We have adopted a conditional approach whereby mutations in Foxc1 and Foxc2 genes were targeted to Pax3-expressing cells. Inclusion of a conditional reporter allele in the crosses made it possible to follow cells that had expressed Pax3. At the forelimb level, endothelial and myogenic cells migrate from adjacent somites into the limb bud. This population of endothelial cells is compromised in the double mutant, whereas excessive production of myogenic cells is observed in the trunk. However, strikingly, myogenic progenitors fail to enter the limbs, leading to the absence of skeletal muscle. Pax3-positive migratory myogenic progenitors, marked by expression of Lbx1, are specified in the somite at forelimb level, but endothelial progenitors are absent. The myogenic progenitors do not die, but differentiate prematurely adjacent to the somite. We conclude that the small proportion of somite-derived endothelial cells in the limb is required for the migration of myogenic limb progenitors. Summary: The endothelial versus myogenic fate choice in the somite requires Foxc1/2. In conditional Foxc1/2 mutants, endothelial cell loss compromises migration of myogenic cells to the limb.
T-cell Receptor Sequencing Reveals the Clonal Diversity and Overlap of Colonic Effector and FOXP3+ T Cells in Ulcerative Colitis

Background:FOXP3+ regulatory T cell prevent inflammation but are paradoxically increased in ulcerative colitis (UC). Local T-cell activation has been hypothesized to account for increased FOXP3 expression in colon lamina propria (LP) T cells. Methods:To see if human FOXP3+ LP T cells are an activated fraction of otherwise FOXP3− effector T cells and explore their clonal diversity in health and disease, we deep sequenced clonally unique T-cell receptor hypervariable regions of FOXP3+ and FOXP3−CD4+ T-cell subpopulations from inflamed versus noninflamed colon LP or mesenteric lymph nodes of patients with or without UC. Results:The clonal diversity of each LP T-cell population was not different between patients with versus without UC. Repertoire overlap was only seen between a minority of FOXP3+ and FOXP3− cells, including recently activated CD38+ cells and Th17-like CD161+ effector T cells, but this repertoire overlap was not different between patients with versus without UC and was no larger than the overlap between Helios− and Helios+ FOXP3+ cells. Conclusions:Thus, at steady state, only a minority of FOXP3+, and particularly Helios+, T cells share a T-cell receptor sequence with FOXP3− effector populations in the colon LP, even in UC, revealing distinct clonal origins for LP regulatory T cell and effector T cells in humans.
Melodic Contour Identification by Cochlear Implant Listeners

Objective: While the cochlear implant provides many deaf patients with good speech understanding in quiet, music perception and appreciation with the cochlear implant remains a major challenge for most cochlear implant users. The present study investigated whether a closed-set melodic contour identification (MCI) task could be used to quantify cochlear implant users' ability to recognize musical melodies and whether MCI performance could be improved with moderate auditory training. The present study also compared MCI performance with familiar melody identification (FMI) performance, with and without MCI training. Methods: For the MCI task, test stimuli were melodic contours composed of 5 notes of equal duration whose frequencies corresponded to musical intervals. The interval between successive notes in each contour was varied between 1 and 5 semitones; the “root note” of the contours was also varied (A3, A4, and A5). Nine distinct musical patterns were generated for each interval and root note condition, resulting in a total of 135 musical contours. The identification of these melodic contours was measured in 11 cochlear implant users. FMI was also evaluated in the same subjects; recognition of 12 familiar melodies was tested with and without rhythm cues. MCI was also trained in 6 subjects, using custom software and melodic contours presented in a different frequency range from that used for testing. Results: Results showed that MCI recognition performance was highly variable among cochlear implant users, ranging from 14% to 91% correct. For most subjects, MCI performance improved as the number of semitones between successive notes was increased; performance was slightly lower for the A3 root note condition. Mean FMI performance was 58% correct when rhythm cues were preserved and 29% correct when rhythm cues were removed. Statistical analyses revealed no significant correlation between MCI performance and FMI performance (with or without rhythmic cues). However, MCI performance was significantly correlated with vowel recognition performance; FMI performance was not correlated with cochlear implant subjects' phoneme recognition performance. Preliminary results also showed that the MCI training improved all subjects' MCI performance; the improved MCI performance also generalized to improved FMI performance. Conclusions: Preliminary data indicate that the closed-set MCI task is a viable approach toward quantifying an important component of cochlear implant users' music perception. The improvement in MCI performance and generalization to FMI performance with training suggests that MCI training may be useful for improving cochlear implant users' music perception and appreciation; such training may be necessary to properly evaluate patient performance, as acute measures may underestimate the amount of musical information transmitted by the cochlear implant device and received by cochlear implant listeners.