Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differentiable, multi‐dimensional, knowledge‐based energy terms for torsion angle probabilities and propensities

Rotatable torsion angles are the major degrees of freedom in proteins. Adjacent angles are highly correlated and energy terms that rely on these correlations are intensively used in molecular modeling. However, the utility of torsion based terms is not yet fully exploited. Many of these terms do not capture the full scale of the correlations. Other terms, which rely on lookup tables, cannot be used in the context of force‐driven algorithms because they are not fully differentiable. This study aims to extend the usability of torsion terms by presenting a set of high‐dimensional and fully‐differentiable energy terms that are derived from high‐resolution structures. The set includes terms that describe backbone conformational probabilities and propensities, side‐chain rotamer probabilities, and an elaborate term that couples all the torsion angles within the same residue. The terms are constructed by cubic spline interpolation with periodic boundary conditions that enable full differentiability and high computational efficiency. We show that the spline implementation does not compromise the accuracy of the original database statistics. We further show that the side‐chain relevant terms are compatible with established rotamer probabilities. Despite their very local characteristics, the new terms are often able to identify native and native‐like structures within decoy sets. Finally, force‐based minimization of NMR structures with the new terms improves their torsion angle statistics with minor structural distortion (0.5 Å RMSD on average). The new terms are freely available in the MESHI molecular modeling package. The spline coefficients are also available as a documented MATLAB file. Proteins 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidences of Hepatitis C Virus Replication in Hepatocytes and Peripheral Blood Monocuclear Cells from Patients Negative for Viral RNA in Serum

In this study, we examined the expression of hepatitis C virus (HCV) components in hepatocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients positive for anti-HCV antibodies and negative for serum HCV-RNA. The samples obtained from 25 randomly selected patients (13 of 25 patients showed no histological evidences of chronic hepatitis and had normal serum ALAT and GGTP levels) were studied by in situ Hybridization and Immunofluorescence assays. The findings show that HCV-RNA of both positive and negative polarity was carried in the hepatocytes of more than 80% of cases. The proportion of cells expressing the negative strand (mean ± SD, 10.25% ± 5.56%) was lower than those expressing positive strand (mean ± SD, 19.88% ± 9.19%) (p=0.0076; Student’s t test). In addition, reaction products suggestive of HCV core, E1 and E2 antigens within hepatocytes were also observed. Both hybridization and immunofluorescence signals were localized in the cytoplasm suggesting that this is the place of active HCV replication. On the other hand, the HCV-RNA of positive polarity was detected in PBMC from 16 out of 17 samples analyzed (94%) while the HCV-RNA of negative polarity was detected in 82% of samples investigated. Positive hybridization signals were localized in the cytoplasm of PBMC. Interestingly, 12 out of 13 patients with clinical and histological resolution of hepatitis, contain HCV-RNA in either liver or PBMC. These results provide further evidences that the intermediate replicative form of the HCV genome can persist in hepatocytes and PBMC after apparently complete resolution of chronic hepatitis C.
Transformable multirotor with two-dimensional multilinks: modeling, control, and motion planning for aerial transformation

In this study, we investigated a novel type of the multirotor aerial vehicle with two-dimensional multilinks to demonstrate stable aerial transformation for high mobility in three-dimensional environments. Our goal was to tackle the challenge of traversing narrow spaces or gaps, which is one of the difficulties for existing structure of multirotors, especially in the cluttered indoor environment of disaster sites. The research involved three steps. First, we developed the modeling of the link modules that compose a multirotor with two-dimensional multilinks and conducted a quadrotor prototype. Second, we derived a stable flight control method for aerial transformation on the basis of linear-quadratic-integral optimal control. Third, we investigated the motion planning for the aerial transformation using a state validation method and path optimization in the joint space to maintain the stability during transformation. Successful aerial transformation and the ability of the prototype to negotiate narrow gaps were demonstrated, confirming the feasibility and utility of our proposed transformable multirotor for aerial maneuvering in complex three-dimensional environments. Graphical Abstract
Treatment matching in the posthospital care of depressed patients.

OBJECTIVE This study assessed the efficacy of 1) matching patients to treatments and 2) adding additional family therapy or cognitive therapy in a group of recently discharged patients with major depression. METHOD Patients with major depression were recruited during a psychiatric hospitalization. After discharge, they were randomly assigned to one of four treatment conditions that were either "matched" or "mismatched" to their pattern of cognitive distortion and family impairment. The four treatment conditions were 1) pharmacotherapy alone; 2) combined pharmacotherapy and cognitive therapy; 3) combined pharmacotherapy and family therapy; and 4) combined pharmacotherapy, cognitive therapy, and family therapy. Randomly assigned treatment continued for 24 weeks on an outpatient basis. RESULTS Among patients with at least moderate depressive symptoms at hospital discharge, low rates of remission (16%) and improvement (29%) were obtained. Matched treatment led to a significantly greater proportion of patients who improved and greater reductions over time in interviewer-rated depressive symptoms than mismatched treatment. However, matched treatment did not produce greater change in self-reported depression or interviewer-rated suicidal ideation. Treatment that included a family therapy component also led to a greater proportion of patients who improved and to significant reductions in interviewer-rated depression and suicidal ideation than treatment without family therapy. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that 1) current treatments are not very efficacious in the aftercare of hospitalized depressed patients, 2) treatment matching moderately improves outcome for patients who are symptomatic at hospital discharge, and 3) inclusion of family therapy improves the outcome of posthospital care for depressed patients.
Effects of long-term aluminum exposure on certain serum constituents in broiler chickens.

The aim of this work was to study the effects of 35 days exposure to aluminium on certain serum biochemical quantities in chickens. Broiler chicks (TETRA-726 hybrid, male) were kept in a climate-controlled stall with feed and water ad libitum, from day 1 of age, for 7 weeks. From the beginning of the third week aluminium was added to the diet as aluminium chloride. Treatments included supplemental aluminium content of 0, 200, 1000 and 3000 mg/kg ration. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were taken from the v. ulnaris. The treated groups showed significantly elevated alkaline phosphatase activities, as well as increased cholesterol concentrations and decreased triacylglycerol concentrations, and these changes were dose-dependent. The concentration of uric acid was significantly higher in the group receiving 1000 mg/kg ration, but significantly lower in the group receiving 3000 mg/kg ration, compared with the controls. In the treated groups, the concentration of glucose, as well as the activities of cholinesterase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and creatine kinase were similar in the controls and treated animals. High levels of alkaline phosphatase are due to increased osteoblastic activity, provoked by the disturbance of bone formation, caused in turn by aluminium. Alterations in serum uric acid may be connected with metabolic disturbances (e.g. renal function, cation--anion balance etc.). Neither hepatic nor muscle damage was found.
Subacute inhalation experiment for methyl bromide in rats.

Male rats were exposed to four different concentrations of methyl bromide for 4 hrs/day ; 150 ppm for 11 weeks, 55 times, and to 200, 300, and 400 ppm for 6 weeks, 30 times. Changes in body weight, general condition and hema-tology, changes in organ weight, residual bromide ion concentration, and histopa-thology of several organs were studied. Suppression of body weight increment, abnormal clinical signs and severe weakness were found in the highly exposed group. Bromide ion accumulation was seen especially in the kidney and spleen, without significant dose-related change.Remarkable changes appeared histopathologically in the brain and heart. Necrosis was exhibited zonally from the first to fourth layers of the dorso-external cortex bilaterally, showing a spongy, edematous and hyperemic appearance, accompanied by proliferation of blood vessels. This bilateral lesion had spread selectively to basal nuclei and brain stem. Multiple, small focal necroses were found in wide regions of the heart. Necrosis of the brain and heart, both of which have high sensitivity to oxygen defficiency, was thought to be caused by the longterm hypoxic condition as manifested in the histopathological findings.
Modelling multi-type transmission of pneumococcal carriage in Bangladeshi families

SUMMARY The burden of pneumococcal carriage is largest in developing countries from which, however, detailed studies on pneumococcal transmission are missing. In this study we followed nasopharyngeal carriage in Bangladeshi infants (n=99) from birth, with 2-week sampling intervals until age 4 months, and monthly thereafter until age 1 year, and also their family members at the same intervals. We assessed the dependence of pneumococcal acquisition rates on age, serotype, serotype-specific exposure (i.e. transmission) and current state of carriage (yes/no). A statistical model of pneumococcal transmission, taking into account incompletely observed data, was applied to estimate rates of acquisition and clearance for a large number of serotypes at the same time. Serotypes that were common in the study population were more often acquired from the community than rarer serotypes. However, when conditioning on serotype-specific exposure within the family, transmission rates were similar between different serotypes. Exposure within families signified more than tenfold increase in the rate of acquisition.
Lactate and acid-base exchange during brief intense contractions of skeletal muscle in situ.

Our goal was to design a stimulation-contraction paradigm using an isolated in situ dog gastrocnemius muscle preparation that would provide an experimental model for brief intense intermittent (IC) exercise in humans. Second, acid-base and ion exchanges across the muscle were investigated using four 30-s bouts of isotonic tetanic contractions (2 s-1, 100-ms train, 50 impulses/s) with 4 min of rest between bouts. During the bouts, peak power output (W) was 18.2 mW/g in the first bout; it declined by 4.4% by the fourth bout and by 12-16% in each bout. Compared with repetitive continuous contractions (CC) at maximal O2 uptake (VO2), W was greater and VO2 (approximately 3.5 mumol.g-1.min-1) and CO2 production (approximately 4.5 mumol.g-1.min-1) were less with IC. Venous-arterial (v-a) differences and lactate output peaked immediately after each bout and were not different from the values reported for CC at maximal VO2. Thus, with IC, VO2/W was lower and the CO2 production/VO2 and lactate output/VO2 ratios were greater than those seen with CC. These differences suggest that this stimulation-contraction paradigm may be an appropriate model for brief intense exercise. The v-a [H+] difference was a direct result of the v-a PCO2 difference. The venous strong ion difference was always greater than or equal to the arterial strong ion difference because the v-a [Cl-] difference was opposite and greater than the v-a lactate concentration difference, whereas the v-a [Na+] and [K+] differences were small. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
唤醒新主张——智慧Sleep Tracker

一般我们都有过这样的经历，早晨起床后，直坐到早餐桌边，依然哈欠连天，头脑模糊，神色迷离。 原因嘛，当然是我们还没有醒透，可恶的闹钟就卖力地吵吵开了，于是，我们不得不起床，整个人自然就是这副状态。 事实上大多数时候，我们要么对闹铃充耳不闻，连续按消音键（往往还迷糊着），要么干脆抓起闹钟，狠狠扔到墙角。 在睡意矇眬、刚刚睁眼时，我们的情绪是无法和颜悦色的。
Acceptability of a Computerized Brief Intervention for Alcohol among Abstinent but At-Risk Pregnant Women

Background Limitations in time and training have hindered widespread implementation of alcohol-based interventions in prenatal clinics. Also, despite the possibility of underreporting or relapse, many at-risk women report that they quit drinking after pregnancy confirmation so that interventions focusing on current drinking may seem unnecessary. The Computerized Brief Intervention for Alcohol Use in Pregnancy (C-BIAP) was designed to (a) be implemented via a handheld device in prenatal clinics, and (b) use a modified brief intervention strategy with women who screen at-risk but report no current drinking. Methods The authors administered the C-BIAP to 18 T-ACE (Tolerance, Annoyance, Cut Down, and Eye Opener)-positive pregnant African American women who provided quantitative and qualitative feedback. Results The C-BIAP received high ratings of acceptability; qualitative feedback was also positive overall and suggested good acceptance of abstinence themes. Conclusions Technology may be a feasible and acceptable method for brief intervention delivery with pregnant women who do not report current drinking.
Organizational and financial characteristics of health plans: are they related to primary care performance?

BACKGROUND Primary care performance has been shown to differ under different models of health care delivery, even among various models of managed care. Pervasive changes in our nation's health care delivery systems, including the emergence of new forms of managed care, compel more current data. OBJECTIVE To compare the primary care received by patients in each of 5 models of managed care (managed indemnity, point of service, network-model health maintenance organization [HMO], group-model HMO, and staff-model HMO) and identify specific characteristics of health plans associated with performance differences. METHODS Cross-sectional observational study of Massachusetts adults who reported having a regular personal physician and for whom plan-type was known (n = 6018). Participants completed a validated questionnaire measuring 7 defining characteristics of primary care. Senior health plan executives provided information about financial and nonfinancial features of the plan's contractual arrangements with physicians. RESULTS The managed indemnity system performed most favorably, with the highest adjusted mean scores for 8 of 10 measures (P<.05). Point of service and network-model HMO performance equaled the indemnity system on many measures. Staff-model HMOs performed least favorably, with adjusted mean scores that were lowest or statistically equivalent to the lowest score on all 10 scales. Among network-model HMOs, several features of the plan's contractual arrangement with physicians (ie, capitated physician payment, extensive use of clinical practice guidelines, financial incentives concerning patient satisfaction) were significantly associated with performance (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS With US employers and purchasers having largely rejected traditional indemnity insurance as unaffordable, the results suggest that the current momentum toward open-model managed care plans is consistent with goals for high-quality primary care, but that the effects of specific financial and nonfinancial incentives used by plans must continue to be examined.
Uptake of Apoptotic Antigen-Coupled Cells by Lymphoid Dendritic Cells and Cross-Priming of CD8+ T Cells Produce Active Immune Unresponsiveness1

The induction of immunologic unresponsiveness by i.v. administration of Ag-coupled lymphoid cells has been studied extensively, but the mechanisms remain unclear. We have further explored this model by examining the role of Fas/Fas ligand (FasL)-mediated apoptosis. Using i.v. injection of trinitrophenyl-coupled splenocytes (TNP-spl) as tolerogen, we found that Fas signaling for apoptosis in the spleen cells delivered by FasL in the recipient is the critical event. The requirement for Fas and FasL was overcome by prior induction of apoptosis in TNP-spl, making the tolerogen 100 times more potent. Prevention of apoptosis by a caspase inhibitor blocks tolerance. Interestingly, while blocking CD40/CD40 ligand interaction does not prevent tolerance induction, an agonist anti-CD40 Ab turns tolerogenic TNP-spl into an immunizing Ag. Studies further showed that tolerance is induced through cross-presentation of Ag in a class I MHC-dependent manner by CD8+CD11c+ lymphoid-derived dendritic cells to regulatory T cells. The results provide a mechanism for a well-established method of inducing immunologic unresponsiveness.
Physical fitness as a predictor of mortality among healthy, middle-aged Norwegian men.

BACKGROUND Despite many studies suggesting that poor physical fitness is an independent risk factor for death from cardiovascular causes, the matter has remained controversial. We studied this question in a 16-year follow-up investigation of Norwegian men that began in 1972. METHODS Our study included 1960 healthy men 40 to 59 years of age (84 percent of those invited to participate). Conventional coronary risk factors and physical fitness were assessed at base line, with physical fitness measured as the total work performed on a bicycle ergometer during a symptom-limited exercise-tolerance test. RESULTS After an average follow-up time of 16 years, 271 men had died, 53 percent of them from cardiovascular disease. The relative risk of death from any cause in fitness quartile 4 (highest) as compared with quartile 1 (lowest) was 0.54 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.32 to 0.89; P = 0.015) after adjustment for age, smoking status, serum lipids, blood pressure, resting heart rate, vital capacity, body-mass index, level of physical activity, and glucose tolerance. Total mortality was similar among the subjects in fitness quartiles 1, 2, and 3 when the data were adjusted for these same variables. The adjusted relative risk of death from cardiovascular causes in fitness quartile 4 as compared with quartile 1 was 0.41 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.20 to 0.84; P = 0.013). The corresponding relative risks for quartiles 3 and 2 (as compared with quartile 1) were 0.45 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.22 to 0.92; P = 0.026) and 0.59 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.28 to 1.22; P = 0.15), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Physical fitness appears to be a graded, independent, long-term predictor of mortality from cardiovascular causes in healthy, middle-aged men. A high level of fitness was also associated with lower mortality from any cause.
Prognosis in Severe Brain Injury

Background:The prediction of neurologic outcome is a fundamental concern in the resuscitation of patients with severe brain injury. Objective:To provide an evidence-based update on neurologic prognosis following traumatic brain injury and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy after cardiac arrest. Data Source:Search of the PubMed database and manual review of bibliographies from selected articles to identify original data relating to prognostic methods and outcome prediction models in patients with neurologic trauma or hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Data Synthesis and Conclusion:Articles were scrutinized regarding study design, population evaluated, interventions, outcomes, and limitations. Outcome prediction in severe brain injury is reliant on features of the neurologic examination, anatomical and physiological changes identified with CT and MRI, abnormalities detected with electroencephalography and evoked potentials, and physiological and biochemical derangements at both the brain and systemic levels. Use of such information in univariable association studies generally lacks specificity in classifying neurologic outcome. Furthermore, the accuracy of established prognostic classifiers may be affected by the introduction of outcome-modifying interventions, such as therapeutic hypothermia following cardiac arrest. Although greater specificity may be achieved with scoring systems derived from multivariable models, they generally fail to predict outcome with sufficient accuracy to be meaningful at the single patient level. Discriminative models which integrate knowledge of genetic determinants and biologic processes governing both injury and repair and account for the effects of resuscitative and rehabilitative care are needed.
Frequency reuse and system deployment in local multipoint distribution service

Following the FCC's auctions for local multipoint distribution service spectrum, the US spectrum holders are expected to go on a rapid move, first toward evaluating the technology in trials, and further toward gradual deployment and commercial availability. The LMDS spectrum will offer new ways to break the local loop bottleneck by delivering a full suite of high-speed service interfaces to business and residential customers. The problem for developers and operators consists in how to efficiently exploit the wide amount of available spectrum for LMDS against challenges such as the propagation characteristics, and the availability and cost of radio technology at millimeter waves. This article presents some of the alternatives and options related to the efficient deployment of LMDS. It starts with a presentation of the duplexing techniques and their specific trade-off and applicability in LMDS. Further on, we consider the subject of frequency planning and reuse. This consists of an overview of the basic mechanisms and algorithms involved, links to related topics in mobile cellular systems, and architectures for reuse optimization in LMDS. Of special interest is the issue of LMDS deployment for gradual capacity upswing, starting with low investment in equipment and a low number of cells and sectors, and going toward more cells with higher capacity per cell. To serve this problem a novel approach to the use of alternative polarization in gradually increasing capacity and sectorization is presented. To justify the target of high capacity and bandwidth utilization, an example of capacity estimation is also given.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SELF-GUIDED INTERPRETIVE TRAILS IN PROTECTED AREAS FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION OF VISITORS

Th e aim of this article is to identify the level of environmental knowledge of visitors to interpretive trails. Specifi cally, this research investigates the factors that infl uence potential diff erences in the environmental knowledge of visitors to interpretive trails and to the surrounding protected areas. Only some visitors to protected areas also visit interpretive trails. Th ey tend to be more environmentally conscious and have higher levels of environmental knowledge than all visitors to protected areas. It should be noted that visitors who have more environmental knowledge are also those who have the greatest interest in the surrounding environment. It, therefore, follows that interpretive trails are visited by those with an interest in them, not by visitors to protected areas as a whole. Secondly, visiting interpretive trails contributes to visitors’ knowledge, but this potential contribution has no eff ect on visitors who lack prior knowledge and are the intended targets of environmental-awareness education on the trails. Based on the number of environmentally conscious visitors, interpretive trails, in their present condition, do not make any signifi cant contributions to environmentally friendly tourism in protected areas.