Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence based nursing practice and continence care.

The dissemination and implementation of research evidence upon which clinical practice should be based, pose many well-documented problems for nurses. The study reported here set out to identify some of the common barriers to the dissemination and utilisation of research findings and went on to explore what practising nurses believed would facilitate the use of research in one important aspect of clinical care: care of the incontinent patient. A series of small scale interrelated studies were undertaken using samples which comprised nursing staff involved in caring for the elderly, and patients in a community hospital. These studies allowed the identification of specific barriers to the use of research in practice and involved nurses in the development of appropriate strategies for applying research evidence on continence care within a clinical setting. Each of the studies required specific methodologies in order to achieve their objectives. The initial study used a postal questionnaire to identify nurses' perceptions of barriers to and facilitators of research use in clinical practice. A qualitative exploratory study was then undertaken to explore these perceptions in more depth using taped semistructured interviews. The results of these interviews determined suitable strategies, specified by practising nurses for the use of research in practice. These strategies were then implemented and evaluated in two further studies using predominantly quantitative methods. The first evaluation study employed the use of a clinical handbook, this evaluation used a preand post-test design with an experimental and control group. This study showed that the use of the handbook, a decanted user-friendly research based resource on continence care, improved nurses' knowledge of incontinence. The final study adopted case study methodology and evaluated the use of research evidence on one aspect of continence care: bladder re-education in a single setting. This case study used a number of outcome measures, including nurses' knowledge of and attitudes to incontinence and patient severity and satisfaction with treatment. The results of this study showed improvements in each of the outcomes measured. The exploration of nurses' experiences of barriers to the use of research is not new. However, the involvement of clinicians in the development of implementation strategies is newer ground. By using this relatively novel approach, practising nurses were expected to feel enhanced ownership of strategies for implementation and as a result to be more committed to the process of change. As a result of the current health policy drive for evidence-based health care, nurses increasingly recognise the need to base care on the best available evidence. However, without education, direction, support and encouragement at user level, implementation of research evidence will continue to be a slow and uneven process. The present study attempts to identify how such education, support and encouragement can be provided and evaluated.
Willingness to Pay for More Sustainable Tourism Destinations in World Heritage Cities: The Case of Caceres, Spain

Sustainable tourism management is becoming an increasingly important factor in the image of tourist destinations. Therefore, it is appropriate to consider the possibility of charging a premium price on certain tourism products or services in exchange for making them more sustainable. Generally, eco-friendly management of cultural heritage sites, and particularly World Heritage sites, along with protected natural areas, is essential for the image enhancement of tourist destinations. In line with these considerations, this paper aims to quantify the willingness to pay (WTP) an extra amount in order for certain tourism products and services to become more sustainable in a World Heritage city such as Caceres, Spain. By using the contingent valuation method, the average price increase that tourists visiting the city would be willing to pay for a double room in a hotel, a restaurant, entrance to a museum, or a taxi ride, all of which would become more sustainable services, has been estimated. In addition to the aggregate analysis, diverse average-comparison statistical techniques have been used in order to determine the possible influence of sociodemographic factors on the WTP for more sustainable products and services. Specifically, factors including the effect resulting from a tourist’s place of origin, gender, the year when the survey was conducted (through t-tests), and the effect of age and educational levels (through ANOVA tests) on the WTP for sustainability, have been analyzed. When considering all of the sociodemographic factors involved, notable statistical differences have been found. This implies that when a hypothetical increase in tourism prices for the purpose of financing public or private sustainability actions is considered, different segments of the tourism market should be taken into account, since it would not be appropriate to apply the same policy of price increases to all tourists equally.
Therapeutic effects of 15-deoxyspergualin in acute and chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) as models for multiple sclerosis (MS).

: Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an inflammatory and paralytic auto-immune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) resulting from the sensitization of susceptible laboratory animals with whole brain homogenate, lyophilized spinal cord or heterologous myelin basic protein (MBP) in complete Freunds adjuvant (cFA). Acute EAE generally presents as a monophasic disease that produces perivascular inflammation and sometimes small areas of demyelination. The chronic relapsing form of EAE in particular offers important similarities to the human disease multiple sclerosis (MS). Due to its immunosuppressive mode of action, the authors wished to examine the therapeutic effects of 15-deoxyspergualin (15-DOS) in the two models of acute and chronic relapsing EAE in Lewis rats. In the first model, sensitization of adult rats (8-12 weeks of age) with guinea pig spinal cord in cFA results in an acute clinical episode of severe EAE, and by day 17 all animals died. Lewis rats treated with 15-DOS showed a delayed and reduced onset of clinical symptoms and even low amounts of the drug prevented mortality. The protection afforded by 15-DOS was long-lasting and no subsequent relapse has been observed. On rechallenging, such convalescent rats were totally resistant to re-induction of the disease. Passive transfer of EAE to naive Lewis rats was possible with encephalitogenic (antigen-specific primed) spleen cells from diseased control animals but could be prevented by fresh 15-DOS treatment. Passive transfer of acute EAE was suppressed when spleen cells from diseased Lewis rats but 15-DOS-treated animals were used. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Relationship between osteoprotegerin level in the degenerated intervertebral disc and Schneiderman’s classification

BACKGROUND: Recent studies show that osteoprotegerin can inhibit the activity of osteoclast and regulate the process of cartilage reshaping. Osteoprotegerin plays a great role in maintaining the integrity of cartilage tissue of intervertebral disc. OBJECTIVE: To determine the expression of osteoprotegerin in the intervertebral disk of the patients with lumbar disc degeneration (LDD), and then to analyze the relationship between the expression levels of osteoprotegerin and the severity of LDD. METHODS: Sixty-four patients with LDD (LDD group) and twenty-five patients with disc burst fractures (control group) were enrolled in this study. The intervertebral disc tissues were collected after surgery. Then the mRNA expression and protein levels of osteoprotegerin in the intervertebral disk were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The protein level of osteoprotegerin was determined by ELISA method. The grade of disc degeneration was classified according to MRI findings by Schneiderman’s classification and the association between the levels of osteoprotegerin and the Schneiderman’s grades was analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The mRNA expression and protein levels of osteoprotegerin in the intervertebral disc in LDD group were significantly higher than that in the control group which were tested by real-time PCR method and ELISA method. Unconditional logistic regression analysis revealed that elevated mRNA expression and protein levels of osteoprotegerin were independent risk factors of the presence of LDD. In addition, the mRNA expression and protein levels of osteoprotegerin were both significantly correlated with Schneiderman’s grades (r =0.367, P 0.001 and r =0.412, P 0.001, respectively). Patients with higher Schneiderman’s grade showed relatively higher levels of osteoprotegerin. The levels of osteoprotegerin were significantly elevated in the intervertebral disc of patients with LDD and were significantly associated with the severity of LDD.
Confronting the challenges of Journalism Education in Rwanda in the context of educational reforms

Policy reforms aimed at improving access to and equity in tertiary education have meant that university classes are not only larger, but more diverse in terms of students’ competencies and experiences. Despite the increase in the size and diversity of student populations in universities, the financial, technological and human resources have not expanded at a similar rate, leaving academic programs struggling to improve the quality of educational experience, whilst teaching more students with less resources. This is particularly difficult in practice-based disciplines such as medicine, nursing and journalism, where coaching models and small-class learning experiences are seen as being the most effective way of nurturing work-ready graduates. Teaching journalism under these conditions is particularly problematic because of the dynamic changes being experienced across the media industries as a result of technological change and the changing media ecosystem. This article uses the University of Rwanda as a case study to examine the impact of tertiary education reforms on journalism education practices. Drawing on the ‘Practical Theory of Journalism Education’ and the ‘Educational Change Model’ perspectives, this paper calls for judicious implementation of educational reforms. It argues that by phasing the introduction of reforms, universities can better manage the change process in order to maintain quality educational experiences. However, this alone cannot ensure quality journalism education outcomes. Universities need to foster innovative teaching practices and approaches to learning in order to sustain quality when teaching large and diverse classes. Through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, the findings illuminate how journalism education in Rwanda has changed its original orientation and pedagogy to include strategic initiatives, teaching innovations and expanded opportunities for students in response to policy reforms aimed at promoting an all-inclusive education sector. How to cite this article: JJUUKO, Margaret; NJUGUNA, Joseph. Confronting the challenges of Journalism Education in Rwanda in the context of educational reforms Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in the South. v. 3, n. 2, p. 49-67, Sept. 2019. Available at: https://sotl-south-journal.net/? journal=sotls&page=article&op=view&path%5B%5D=92&path%5B%5D=46 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
A MATHEMATICAL MODEL TO EVALUATE THE RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN DIABETIC POPULATION

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of deaths in both developed and developing countries. This is due to significant increase in the intake of high-energy foods, reduced physical activity, and an increase in stress levels, which in turn lead to dysglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. The incidence of CVD in diabetics is very high which is aggravated by co-morbidities such as hyperlipidemia and hypertension [1-3]. The aim of this study is to mathematically model the dynamics of CVD in diabetic population with hyperlipidemia and hypertension. Here, the dynamics of the disease is modelled by a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The steady states of the model are computed and their stability is studied. Numerical simulations are performed on the model, and conditions for controlling CVD in diabetics are derived [4,5]. The results of this analysis suggest that the extent of control of hyperlipidemia and hypertension directly correlates with decrease in CVD development in the diabetic population. Early diagnosis of the modifiable risk factors such as hyperlipidemia and hypertension, followed by effective clinical management to regulate blood lipid levels and blood pressure in diabetics would greatly reduce the burden of cardiovascular complications in diabetic populations.
Quality enhancement or cost reduction? The influence of high-performance work systems and power distance orientation on employee human resource attributions

Abstract HR attributions relate to employees’ beliefs about why HR practices are implemented in their organization. Although research shows that HR attributions influence employees’ attitudes, behaviors and performance, there is little understanding of the antecedents of HR attributions. To examine the relationships between perceptions of high-performance work systems (HPWS) and power distance orientation (PDO) on the one hand and two types of HR attributions (quality-enhancement and cost-reduction) on the other, we conducted two studies. The results of Study 1 (an experimental study, N = 171 students) and Study 2 (a field study, N = 255 employees from China) showed that PDO weakened the relationships between HPWS perceptions and both types of HR attributions. Our studies fill an important theoretical gap regarding how employees’ cultural orientation changes the effect of HPWS perceptions on HR attributions.
Non-standard Schedules, Work–Family Conflict, and the Moderating Role of National Labour Context: Evidence from 32 European Countries

A wide body of research over the past 30 years links non-standard work schedules to increased work–family conflict (WFC), but often only within single country contexts. A relatively under-explored question is the extent to which the effects of non-standard schedules on family life might vary by country or be buffered by institutional context. Building on past research, this study uses multilevel modelling techniques on 2004 and 2010 European Social Survey data to explore whether the effects of non-standard schedules on WFC vary across 32 countries in Europe, and if so, whether this contextual variation can be explained by labour regulations and industrial relations characteristics measured at the country level. Findings show that while non-standard work hours and days are associated with increased WFC across the majority of sampled countries, the strength of this association varies significantly between countries. The strongest factor shaping the social consequences of non-standard schedules is the degree to which workers are covered under collective bargaining agreements in a country, which explains as much as 17% of the observed between-country variation in the effects of non-standard schedules on WFC. These findings highlight collective agreements as one of the central mechanisms through which family-friendly regulations on working times and conditions are generated for non-standard schedule workers across Europe. More broadly, findings suggest that when studying the social consequences of non-standard schedules, these arrangements must be contextualized in the broader institutional frameworks within which they are organized and regulated.
Combining Probability Forecasts: 60% and 60% Is 60%, but Likely and Likely is Very Likely

How do we combine others’ probability forecasts? Prior research has shown that when advisors provide numeric probability forecasts, people typically average them (i.e., they move closer to the average advisor’s forecast). However, what if the advisors say that an event is “likely” or “probable? ” In eight studies (n = 7,334), we find that people are more likely to act as if they “count” verbal probabilities (i.e., they move closer to certainty than any individual advisor’s forecast) than they are to “count” numeric probabilities. For example, when the advisors both say an event is “likely,” participants will say that it is “very likely. ” This effect occurs for both probabilities above and below 50%, for hypothetical scenarios and real events, and when presenting the others’ forecasts simultaneously or sequentially. We also show that this combination strategy carries over to subsequent consumer decisions that rely on advisors’ likelihood judgments. We discuss and rule out several candidate mechanisms for our effect. This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, decision analysis.
How do capital and labor split economic gains in an age of globalization?

Abstract Recent debates about the 1% vs. 99%, CEO compensation, minimum wage, and income inequality suggest an increasingly unfavorable division of economic gains for labor. Indeed, how capital and labor divide the gains from production is central to the study of political economy, particularly the impact of globalization and unionization. Yet, the prominent measures featured in the research to date, most notably labor compensation over GDP, are inadequate for studying the split of gains between labor and capital. We argue that the division of gains between labor and capital is more accurately and precisely conceptualized and measured by the ratio of labor compensation over operating corporate profits in the private sector. Using newly collected private-sector data from 17 industrial democracies over 30 years from 1981 to 2012, our analysis uncovers important patterns. First, labor compensation and corporate profits both rose in absolute terms over the last three decades, but the compensation-profit ratio experienced a sharp decline, meaning that the improvement was smaller for labor than capital. Second, rising economic openness and declining union density contributed to the fall of the compensation-profit ratio. Finally, there was a clear cross-national convergence toward declining compensation-profit ratio, rising openness, and shrinking labor unions. We conjecture that these results point to the movement of advanced industrial democracies toward a new capitalism equilibrium.
Economic containment as a strategy of Great Power competition

Economic containment has garnered repeated attention in the discourse about the United States' response to China. Yet, the attributes of economic containment as a distinct strategy of Great Power competition remain unclear. Moreover, the conditions under which a leading power can employ economic containment against a challenging power remain theoretically unelaborated. This article first suggests that economic containment refers to the use of economic policies to weaken the targeted state's material capacity to start military aggression, rather than to influence the competitor's behaviour over a specific issue. Then, this article suggests that economic containment becomes a viable option when the leading power has the ability to inflict more losses on the challenging power through economic restrictions, and this ability is largely determined by the availability of alternative economic partners. When the leading power cannot effectively inflict more losses on the challenging power due to the presence of alternative economic partners, it is better off avoiding economic containment. The author substantiates these arguments through case-studies of the United States' responses to the Soviet Union during the Cold War. The article concludes by examining the nature of the United States' recent economic restrictions against China.
Gezgin Satıcı Probleminin Genetik Algoritmalar Kullanarak Çözümünde Çaprazlama Operatörlerinin Örnek Olaylar Bazlı İncelenmesi

Gezgin satici problemi, optimizasyon alaninda arastirmaci ve akademisyenler tarafindan uzerinde uzun yillardir yogun olarak calisilan cozumu zor (NP-hard) bir problemdir. Genetik algoritmalar GSP (gezgin satici problemi) gibi cesitli NP-hard problemleri cozmek icin kullanilan en iyi yontemlerden biridir. GSP problemi icin cok sayida caprazlama operatoru onerilmistir ve her calismada yenileri onerilmeye devam etmektedir. Bu calismanin amaci GSP cozumunu arastiran calismalarda kullanilan TSPLIB ornek olaylarinin ve incelenen caprazlama operatorlerinin detayli bir envanterini cikarmak ve bu konuda calismak isteyen arastirmacilara yon gostermektir. Literaturdeki calismalar genis bir kapsamda (anahtar kelime ve yil bazinda) incelenerek ortak kullanilan ornek olaylarin ve bulunan sonuclarin analizi yapilarak tablolastirilmistir.
An economic analysis of incentivized positive reviews

It becomes increasingly popular that some large online retailers such as Amazon open their platforms to allow third-party retail competitors to sell on their own platforms. We develop an analytical model to examine this retailer marketplace model and its business impact. We assume that a leading retailer has both valuation advantage that may come from its reputation and information advantage that may come from its brand awareness. We find that the availability of relatively low-cost advertising through social media or search engine can effectively reduce the leading retailer's information advantage, and thus be an important driving force for its strategic decision to open its platform. Not only does the advertising option directly make small sellers more visible to consumers, but also incentivizes the online retailer to open its platform and dramatically increases small sellers' exposure, indirectly contributing to an even more prominent long tail phenomenon in e-commerce.
INVITED EDITORIAL COMMENT: Winning the Right Game: The Search for Investment Excellence

1. Kees Koedijk 1. is a professor of financial management in TIAS Business School at Tilburg University in Tilburg, the Netherlands, and also a co-founder of the company Finance Ideas in Utrecht, the Netherlands. (k.koedijk{at}tias.edu) 2. Alfred Slager 1. is a professor of pension fund
How should you treat trochanteric bursitis

Conservative measures—followed by corticosteroid injection, if necessary—are best. Conservative therapy includes rest, nonsteroidal anti-infl ammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and stretching exercises focused on the lower back and sacroiliac joints (strength of recommendation [SOR]: C, usual practice). Patients whose symptoms persist despite conservative therapy are likely to benefi t from an injection of 24 mg betamethasone and 1% lidocaine (or equivalent) into the infl amed bursa (SOR: B, limited-quality, patient-oriented evidence). In rare cases of intractable symptoms, surgical procedures such as iliotibial band release, subgluteal bursectomy, and trochanteric reduction osteotomy are options (SOR: C, case studies). How should you treat trochanteric bursitis?
Participatory Mapping, E-Participation, and E-Governance

This chapter focuses on participatory mapping as an e-governance tool to facilitate public participation. Public participation is a key component of democratic governance, and there is a growing reliance on digital government tools such as the internet and social networking sites and geographic information systems (GIS). This chapter focuses on public engagement using information and communication technology, namely participatory mapping, known by a variety of terms such as participatory GIS (PGIS), public participation GIS (PPGIS), and voluntary GIS. While the analysis involves use of participatory mapping related to environmental issues, the chapter brings together seminal work from various fields of citizen engagement and participatory mapping. The idea is to create one common narrative for scholars and practitioners, bringing together various terminologies, practices, and studies in participatory mapping in the environmental arena that offers a beginner's frame of reference.