Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Stem and progenitor cell compartments within adult mouse taste buds

Adult taste buds are maintained by the lifelong proliferation of epithelial stem and progenitor cells, the identities of which have remained elusive. It has been proposed that these cells reside either within the taste bud (intragemmal) or in the surrounding epithelium (perigemmal). Here, we apply three different in vivo approaches enabling single‐cell resolution of proliferative history to identify putative stem and progenitor cells associated with adult mouse taste buds. Experiments were performed across the circadian peak in oral epithelial proliferation (04:00 h), a time period in which mitotic activity in taste buds has not yet been detailed. Using double label pulse‐chase experiments, we show that defined intragemmal cells (taste and basal) and perigemmal cells undergo rapid, sequential cell divisions and thus represent potential progenitor cells. Strikingly, mitotic activity was observed in taste cells previously thought to be postmitotic (labelled cells occur in 30% of palatal taste buds after 1 h of BrdU exposure). Basal cells showed expression of the transcription factor p63, required for maintaining the self‐renewal potential of various epithelial stem cell types. Candidate taste stem cells were identified almost exclusively as basal cells using the label‐retaining cell approach to localize slow‐cycling cells (0.06 ± 0.01 cells per taste bud; n = 436 taste buds). Together, these results indicate that both stem‐ and progenitor‐like cells reside within the mammalian taste bud.
Minimizing Tolerance and Withdrawal to Prolonged Pediatric Sedation: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Midazolam and fentanyl infusions are commonly used for prolonged sedation and analgesia in the pediatric intensive care setting. Tolerance and withdrawal are major concerns when these infusions are used for days or weeks. Here, we review the current approaches to prolonged pediatric sedation using midazolam and fentanyl and discuss newer strategies to avoid tolerance and withdrawal syndromes. We report the case of a pediatric burn patient who developed tolerance syndrome and a movement disorder in our institution. We also review the relevant literature and methods of minimizing tolerance and withdrawal. Prolonged sedation is often necessary in treating critically ill children, and tolerance and abstinence syndrome can complicate a successful recovery. Scoring systems can be used to minimize oversedation and to titrate effectively. “Drug cycling,” “wake-up protocols,” and weaning regimens, possibly combined with adjuvant drugs, are being implemented successfully. Such novel approaches may decrease the incidence of tolerance and withdrawal associated with prolonged sedative and analgesic use.
Experimental demonstration of the improvement of system sensitivity using multiple state trellis coded optical modulation with QPSK and 16QAM constellations

We evaluated experimentally 2, 8, 32 state 32Gbaud TCM-QPSK and TCM-16QAM. TCM offers finer configuration for flexible transponders increasing SE, on 1.1dB wider ranges. TCM may also be used with HD-FEC in lower power transceivers.
Postoperative radiation therapy after radical prostatectomy for prostate carcinoma

Results. At 10 years, the actuarial local failure rate was 31% for patients treated with prostatectomy alone versus 6% for the group receiving postoperative radiation therapy (P < 0.05). The actuarial survival and metastasis‐free survival were similar for both groups. When patients with involved lymph nodes were excluded from analysis, the addition of radiation therapy resulted in improved recurrence‐free survival (91% versus 46% at 10 years, P = 0.04) and in a trend toward improved metastasis‐free survival (91% versus 55%, P = 0.08). Complications occurred in similar frequencies in both groups.
New Adaptive Sliding-Mode Observer Design For Sensorless Control Of Pmsm In Electric Vehicle Drive System

Abstract In this study, a new adaptive sliding-mode observer is proposed to estimate the rotor position and speed for sensorless control of permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) in an electric vehicle drive system. This observer can effectively reduce the estimation errors caused by the inherent chattering phenomenon for a conventional sliding-mode observer and the stator resistance uncertainty due to the variation of motor temperature. This new sliding-mode observer is designed by using a hyperbolic tangent function instead of sign function together with a variable boundary layer, and the new adaptive law is constructed according to the back electromotive force model to reinforce dynamic performance and the robustness of system. Meanwhile, a stator resistance identification algorithm is raised and guaranteed to be stable by using a Lyapunov method. The performance of the developed observer is compared with the conventional sliding-mode controller. Both simulation and experimental results confirm that the chattering phenomenon is effectively eliminated and the estimation accuracy for position and velocity is apparently improved when applying the developed observer in the electric vehicle drive system
Transfection of murine fibroblast cells with human cytidine deaminase cDNA confers resistance to cytosine arabinoside

One of the major limitations in the use of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) in cancer chemotherapy is the hematopoietic toxicity produced by this nucleoside analog. One approach to overcome this problem would be to Insert a gene for drug resistance to Ara-C in normal hematopoietic cells to protect them from drug toxicity. An interesting candidate gene for this aim is cytidine deaminase which catalyzes the deamination of Arac-C, resulting in a significant loss of its antineoplastic activity. We have llgated the human cDNA for cytidine deaminase into the plasmid vector pMFG. Transfection of NIH 3T3− derlved GP + E86 murine fibroblasts cells with this vector resulted In a marked increase (> 50-fold) in the expression of cytidine deaminase. In addition, the transfected cells showed resistance to the cytotoxic action and to the Inhibition of DNA synthesis produced by Ara-C. Northern and Western blot analysis of the transfected cells showed increased expression of mRNA for cytidine deaminase and increased immunologically detectable enzyme. The ability to confer drug resistance to Ara-C through gene transfer of cytidine deaminase may have the potential as a selectable marker and for the protection of the bone marrow from the toxicity produced by this analog so as to increase its effectiveness in cancer chemotherapy.
Who are the Influentials in Virtual Community ? Opinion Leaders among Participants in Bulletin Board Systems

As the Internet users become more demographically heterogeneous, differences among individual Internet users have manifested, especially in terms of their abilities to utilize the Internet, casting threat on the egalitarian and democracy implications of the Internet. One of the differences identified by scholars is the distinguished opinion leadership among the participants in the bulletin board systems (BBS). Results from a sample of 246 BBS participants show that different participants varied in their influential abilities in the virtual community. Sixty-four of them were identified as online opinion leaders. Different from previous study, online opinion leaders were not concentrated in any demographic stratums except for people with master’s degree or above. This empirically supports the notion that Internet does empower the grass root efforts. Moreover, Internet connectedness index, time spent on BBS and BBS participation history, was found to be the main predictors of online opinion leadership. Implications of the findings were discussed.
Integrating wireless ECG monitoring in textiles

This paper reports for the first time on the realization of a garment embedded patient monitoring system, including wireless communication and inductive powering. The developed system is primarily intended for the continuous monitoring of the electrocardiogram (ECG) of children with an increased risk of SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome). The sensors and the antenna are made out of textile materials. All electronics are mounted on a flexible circuit to facilitate integration in the baby's pyjamas. A significant increase in the comfort of patient and nursing staff is achieved by this integration in textiles. A prototype baby suit was fabricated and successfully tested by a 21 weeks old baby.
Loss of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor gene allele exacerbates brain monoamine deficiencies and increases stress abnormalities of serotonin transporter knockout mice

To study the neurochemical and behavioral effects of altered brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression on a brain serotonin system with diminished serotonin transport capability, a double‐mutant mouse model was developed by interbreeding serotonin transporter (SERT) knockout mice with BDNF heterozygous knockout mice (BDNF +/–), producing SERT –/– × BDNF +/– (sb) mice. Prior evidence implicates serotonin and SERT in anxiety and stress responses. Some studies have shown that BDNF supports serotonergic neuronal development, leading to our hypothesis that reduced BDNF availability during development might exaggerate the consequences of absent SERT function. In the present study, brain serotonin and 5‐hydroxyindol acetic acid concentrations in male sb mice were significantly reduced in the hippocampus and hypothalamus compared with wild‐type control SB mice, BDNF‐deficient Sb mice, and serotonin transporter knockout sB mice. The sb mice had significantly increased anxiety‐like behaviors compared with SB, Sb, and sB mice as measured on the elevated plus maze test. These sb mice also had significantly greater increases in plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone than mice with other genotypes after a stressful stimulus. Analysis of neuronal morphology showed that hypothalamic and hippocampal neurons exhibited 25–30% reductions in dendrites in sb mice compared with SB control mice. These findings support the hypothesis that genetic changes in BDNF expression interact with serotonin and other circuits that modulate anxiety and stress‐related behaviors. Thus, this double‐mutant mouse model should prove valuable in studying other gene × gene consequences for brain plasticity as well as in evaluating epistatic interactions of BDNF and serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms in neuropsychiatric disorders. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Piperine ameliorates collagenase-induced Achilles tendon injury in the rat

ABSTRACT Tendinopathy is a common clinical pathology found in athletes and workers with mixed treatment results. Piperine, a major alkaloid found in the black and long pepper, has been demonstrated to have variety of pharmacological properties such as analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of piperine on collagenase-induced Achilles tendon injury. Rats were intratendineously injected with collagenase in the right Achilles tendon, followed by intragastrical administration of piperine (100 mg/kg). Morphological structure and biochemical analysis of glycosaminoglycans, hydroxyproline, collagen III, and the activity of matrix metallopeptidases in the tendon tissues were performed. Our results showed that collagenase injection resulted in clear degenerative changes in the tendon. Administration of piperine improved the morphological structure of tendon, increased glycosaminoglycans and hydroxyproline levels, and inhibited the expression and activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Furthermore, piperine inhibited the activation of ERK and p38 signaling pathways in injured tendon. These results indicate a beneficial role of piperine against collagenase-induced tendon injury.
Theoretical study of O adlayers on Ru(0001).

Recent experiments performed at high pressures indicate that ruthenium can support unusually high concentrations of oxygen at the surface. To investigate the structure and stability of high coverage oxygen structures, we performed density functional theory calculations, within the generalized gradient approximation, for O adlayers on Ru(0001) from low coverage up to a full monolayer. We achieve quantitative agreement with previous low energy electron diffraction intensity analyses for the (2x2) and (2x1) phases and predict that an O adlayer with a (1x1) periodicity and coverage of 1 monolayer can form on Ru(0001), where the O adatoms occupy hcp-hollow sites.
A Hydrophobic Patch in the Competence-Stimulating Peptide, a Pneumococcal Competence Pheromone, Is Essential for Specificity and Biological Activity

ABSTRACT Induction of competence for natural genetic transformation in Streptococcus pneumoniae depends on pheromone-mediated cell-cell communication and a signaling pathway consisting of the competence-stimulating peptide (CSP), its membrane-embedded histidine kinase receptor ComD, and the cognate response regulator ComE. Extensive screening of pneumococcal isolates has revealed that two major CSP variants, CSP1 and CSP2, are found in members of this species. Even though the primary structures of CSP1 and CSP2 are about 50% identical, they are highly specific for their respective receptors, ComD1 and ComD2. In the present work, we have investigated the structural basis of this specificity by determining the three-dimensional structure of CSP1 from nuclear magnetic resonance data and comparing the agonist activity of a number of CSP1/CSP2 hybrid peptides toward the ComD1 and ComD2 receptors. Our results show that upon exposure to membrane-mimicking environments, the 17-amino-acid CSP1 pheromone adopts an amphiphilic α-helical configuration stretching from residue 6 to residue 12. Furthermore, the pattern of agonist activity displayed by the various hybrid peptides revealed that hydrophobic amino acids, some of which are situated on the nonpolar side of the α-helix, strongly contribute to CSP specificity. Together, these data indicate that the identified α-helix is an important structural feature of CSP1 which is essential for effective receptor recognition under natural conditions.
Sliding mode-based observer design for field-oriented control of induction machine drive for applications in hybrid electric vehicles

The feedback (direct) field-oriented (vector) control is the most commonly adopted instantaneous speed/torque control method for the hybrid electric vehicle's drive system. The feedback (direct) field-oriented (vector) control of induction machines primarily depends upon precise flux estimation. However, an accurate estimation of flux is hard due to the deviations in the machine's electrical parameters. Both the resistances (stator and rotor), which produces the imprecision in the flux estimation and in the generation of unit vectors, increase linearly with temperature, depending upon the temperature co-efficient of the resistance of the material. The unit vectors are used to guarantee correct alignment of stator direct-axis current with the flux vector and stator quadrature-axis current perpendicular to it. This provides the decoupled control as in separately-excited DC machines. Secondly, unit vectors are used for the purpose of control. Therefore, the imprecision of the estimated flux will degrade the performance of speed control. In this paper, a sliding mode based observer is presented subject to machine's electrical parameters variations. The mathematics and derivations of the proposed sliding mode observer is expressed. The performance and stability of the proposed observer is then worked out through the regulation problem of the 3-φ induction machine used for the implementation of field-oriented control for the application in hybrid electric vehicle. The results of the proposed observer shows the good performance in estimating the actual flux which is necessary for the accurate and exact performance of field-oriented control in hybrid electric vehicles. The proposed observer is also robust against the variations in rotor and stator resistance.
Mutations of p53 and human papillomavirus infection in cervical carcinoma

Background. Oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cervical carcinoma. The HPV oncoproteins E6 and E7 are thought to play a crucial role in this process by their interactions with the p53 protein and the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene product, respectively. The E6 protein binds to and stimulates the degradation of the p53 protein. Mutations involving evolutionary conserved regions of the p53 gene also can alter p53 function. Point mutations of p53 frequently have been identified in a wide variety of human tumors.
Chapter 26 Buffer Insertion Basics

When the VLSI technology scales, gate delay and wire delay cha nge in opposite directions. Smaller devices imply less gate switching delay. In contrast, thinn er wire size leads to increased wire resistance and greater signal propagation delay along wires. As a result, wire delay has become a dominating factor for VLSI circuit performance. Further, it is becoming a limiting factor to the progress of VLSI technology. This is the well-known inte rconnect challenge [1–3]. Among many techniques addressing this challenge [4,5], buffer (o r repeater) insertion is such an effective one that it is an indispensable necessity for timing closure in submicron technology and beyond. Buffers can reduce wire delay by restoring signal strength, i n particular, for long wires. Moreover, buffers can be applied to shield capacitive load from timing -critical paths such that the interconnect delay along critical paths are reduced. As the ratio of wire delay to gate delay increases from one tec hnology to the next, more and more buffers are required to achieve performance goals. The buff r scaling is studied by Intel Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A &M University, College Station, TX 77843. IBM Austin Research Lab, Austin, TX 78758. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A &M University, College Station, TX 77843.
Chronic kidney disease : targeting prostaglandin E 2 receptors

Nasrallah R, Hassouneh R, Hébert RL. Chronic kidney disease: targeting prostaglandin E2 receptors. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 307: F243–F250, 2014. First published June 25, 2014; doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00224. 2014. —Chronic kidney disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. A better understanding of disease mechanisms has been gained in recent years, but the current management strategies are ineffective at preventing disease progression. A widespread focus of research is placed on elucidating the specific processes implicated to find more effective therapeutic options. PGE2, acting on its four EP receptors, regulates many renal disease processes; thus EP receptors could prove to be important targets for kidney disease intervention strategies. This review summarizes the major pathogenic mechanisms contributing to initiation and progression of chronic kidney disease, emphasizing the role of hyperglycemia, hypertension, inflammation, and oxidative stress. We have long recognized the multifaceted role of PGs in both the initiation and progression of chronic kidney disease, yet studies are only now seriously contemplating specific EP receptors as targets for therapy. Given the plethora of renal complications attributed to PG involvement in the kidney, this review highlights these pathogenic events and emphasizes the PGE2 receptor targets as options available to complement current therapeutic strategies.
The Highly Conserved Protein P0 Carboxyl End Is Essential for Ribosome Activity Only in the Absence of Proteins P1 and P2 (*)

Protein P0 together with proteins P1 and P2 form the stalk in eukaryotic ribosomes. P0 has a carboxyl-terminal domain about 100 amino acids long that has high sequence similar to the ribosomal proteins P1 and P2. By sequential deletion of this region, a series of Saccharomyces cerevisiae truncated P0 genes have been constructed that encode proteins lacking 21, 87, and 132 amino acids from the carboxyl terminus, respectively. These constructions have been used to transform yeast P0 conditional null mutants to test their capacity to restore cell growth. Removal of only the last 21 amino acids causes a small effect on cell growth in wild-type strains; however, this deletion is lethal in strains having P protein-deficient ribosomes. A P0 lacking 87 amino acids allows cell growth at a low rate, and ribosomes bind P proteins with much less affinity. Lastly, removal of 132 amino acids totally inactivates P0; this deleted protein is unable to bind to the particles, causing a deficiency in active 60 S subunits and making the cell nonviable. These results indicate that at least one out of the five protein P-like carboxyl termini present in the ribosome has to be firmly bound to the particle for protein synthesis and cell viability, and this structure can be provided by protein P0. The part of P0 from around positions 230-290 is important for the interaction of proteins P1/P2 with the ribosome, but it is not essential for protein synthesis. Finally, the region including from residues 185 to 230 is required for the interaction of P0 with the rRNA.
Enhancement of Node Authentication and Security in Mobile ADHOC Network

-The wireless networks play major rule in networking field. Routing and mobility are the major problems in mobile ADHOC networks. These problems can be avoided using clustering based authentication of approaches. In these paper describes The implementations of secured node verification scheme that authenticates the true nodes to access network and detects attacker nodes and Q–LEACH based clustering so that external and internal attacks also avoided. Every node in the network can act like self originating nodes to their neighbors. So every node is builds its own IP address. The wireless networks is used in military application. The mobile adhoc network vulnerable nature not secures. Assign the authentication key for every node to achieve the energy saving of the battery. Therefore it is necessary to adapted Intrusion Detection System mechanism to prevent and detected the Network from attackers. In the other hand Enhanced Adaptive Acknowledgement is proposed as an IDS. In this paper a both IP-trace back with End-to-End Adaptive Acknowledgment getting acknowledgments or information in both ends.
A Clinical Study Evaluating Changes in the Microbial Flora Around Dental Implants During Various Stages of Implant Restoration

Purpose:This study evaluated the microbial colonization of dental implants in healthy patients before placing the implants and during the various stages of implant treatment. Materials and Methods:Saliva (in completely edentulous patients) and gingival crevicular fluid samples (in partially edentulous patients) were collected from patients and analyzed to estimate the growth of microorganisms after culture. Samples were collected during 10 phases of implant placement and prosthesis insertion. Sixty dental implants, 18 of NobelReplace Select (Nobel Biocare) and 42 of GSIII/TSIII (Osstem), were evaluated. The microbial titer was estimated in colony-forming units (CFU) per milliliter. The percentage distribution of the organisms during the various phases was noted and the average was compared. Results:Most prevalent microorganism found was gram-positive Streptococci (3.59 × 105 CFU/mL). The titer of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Pseudomonas being 0.42 × 105 CFU/ml, 0.15 × 105 CFU/mL, 0.09 × 105 CFU/mL, and 0.03 × 105 CFU/mL, respectively. The titer of these organisms noted during the experimental phase was low. A similarity was observed in the maximum colony-forming unit per milliliter between baseline and completion of implant therapy indicating establishment of equilibrium. Conclusion:Regular microbial evaluation along with clinical and radiographic monitoring could help in recognizing the potential for periimplantitis and in prevention of the same.