Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Metal assessment and phytochemical screening of orange fruit (Citrus sinensis) seeds and peels

Background and Objective: Agricultural products and herbs are the source of food and medicine for many people all over the world. One major aspect of agricultural products is the problem of waste after the desired part has been utilized. These parts though considered as waste can serve useful purposes or as resources if effectively tapped. This study was therefore undertaken to determine some chemical components (metals and phytochemicals) in the waste components (seeds and peels) of the orange fruit. Materials and Methods: Seeds and peels of the orange fruit were dried to constant weight and then subjected to chemical treatment for metal analysis and phytochemical screening. Metals were analyzed using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The metals analyzed were manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb). The qualitative detection of the phytochemicals were done using proper chemical tools of analysis for each component. The phytochemicals examined were flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, tannins, reducing sugars, alkaloids and saponins. Results: The data obtained showed that both seeds and peels of the orange fruit contained vital chemical components at permissible levels. In both seeds and peels, Fe was found to be the highest in concentration, which was followed by the value of Mg and then Mn. The lowest observable metal in the fruit seeds and peels was Pb. The phytochemical components observed in both seeds and peels using ethylacetate as solvent and water were similar. Generally, the chemical components observed were; flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, tannins, reducing sugars, alkaloids and saponins. However, saponins were not detected in the ethylacetate phase. Conclusion: This research work has shown the importance of agricultural waste such as the seeds and peels of orange fruit to man. These wastes if completely or industrially harnessed can be very useful as source of drug for pharmaceutical purposes.
An Experimental Investigation and GA Optimization on Tool wear During Inconel 825 Turning with MQL

In machining of heat resistant super alloy tool wear and tool life is an important concern for economic cutting performance. This work investigate the machining performance during finish turning Inconel 825 super alloy using poly crystalline diamond (PCD) tool under two different machining environments (i.e., dry and minimum quantity lubricant (MQL)). Multiple regression equation has been developed and parameters were optimized using genetic algorithm (GA) for obtaining optimum combination parameters that gives minimum tool wear. MQL environment shows a significant reduction in tool wear compared with dry cutting condition. GA optimization provides optimum parameters for minimum tool wear and shows better convergent capability with minimum number of iterations. MQL under pulsed jet mode provides better operator’s health and environmental friendliness.
KPCA and AE Based Local-Global Feature Extraction Method for Vibration Signals of Rotating Machinery

Feature extraction plays a key role in fault diagnosis of rotating machinery. Many methods reported in the literature are based on masses of labeled data and need much prior knowledge to select the most discriminating features or establish a complex deep-learning model. To solve the dilemma, a novel feature extraction method based on kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) and an autoencoder (AE), namely, SFS-KPCA-AE, is presented in this paper to automatically extract the most discriminative features from the frequency spectrum of vibration signals. First, fast Fourier transform is calculated on the entire vibration signal to get the frequency spectrum. Next, the spectrum is divided into several segments. Then, local-global feature extraction is performed by applying KPCA to these segments. Finally, an AE is employed to obtain the low-dimensional representations of the high-dimensional global feature. The proposed feature extraction method combined with a classifier achieves fault diagnosis for rotating machinery. A rotor dataset and a bearing dataset are utilized to validate the performance of the proposed method. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieved satisfactory performance in feature extraction when training samples or motor load changed. By comparing with other methods, the superiority of the proposed SFS-KPCA-AE is verified.
Looking Deeper into Tabular LIME

Interpretability of machine learning algorithms is an urgent need. Numerous methods appeared in recent years, but do their explanations make sense? In this paper, we present a thorough theoretical analysis of one of these methods, LIME, in the case of tabular data. We prove that in the large sample limit, the interpretable coefficients provided by Tabular LIME can be computed in an explicit way as a function of the algorithm parameters and some expectation computations related to the black-box model. When the function to explain has some nice algebraic structure (linear, multiplicative, or sparsely depending on a subset of the coordinates), our analysis provides interesting insights into the explanations provided by LIME. These can be applied to a range of machine learning models including Gaussian kernels or CART random forests. As an example, for linear functions we show that LIME has the desirable property to provide explanations that are proportional to the coefficients of the function to explain and to ignore coordinates that are not used by the function to explain. For partition-based regressors, on the other side, we show that LIME produces undesired artifacts that may provide misleading explanations.
Formalising the descriptions of learning designs

: This paper describes an activity being undertaken by researchers involved in the AUTC funded Project: Information and Communication Technologies and Their Role in Flexible Learning. The project is seeking to investigate and develop generic and reusable frameworks for the provision of technology-enhanced high quality learning experiences in higher education. To achieve this, the researchers have been exploring ways to formalise generic descriptions of some learning designs that foster knowledge construction and problem solving. This paper provides a summary of the work that has been undertaken and describes the generic descriptions that have been developed in this process.
ELASTIC MODEL FOR SPIN CROSSOVER NANOPARTICLES IN MATRICES

In this paper we investigate the thermal behaviour of spin crossover nanoparticles in matrices formed by polymer or surfactant molecules using an elastic model. The individual molecules are represented as balls with different sizes depending on the spin state and the intermolecular interactions are taken into account by the way of springs with given elastic constant. The surrounding matrices are represented as lattices of given size molecules, linked by springs. The system is treated in the framework of Monte Carlo Method with Arrhenius probabilities. The main objective is represented by the understanding of the differences in behaviour between nanoparticles compared to bulk of the same material. In addition, we study the effects of the size of matrix molecules and we discuss the mechanism of propagation of spin change from a particle to another through the matrix.
Design of Combined Mixer IF Filter for Low Voltage and Low Power Automotive Radar Application

A low voltage, low power combined mixer-filter receiver components for automotive application is presented in this paper. Due to limited battery lifetime, the demand of compactness in devices keeps pushing the CMOS integrated circuits to support various applications. The proposed circuit includes an optimized combination of CMOS double balanced mixer and Intermediate Frequency (IF) filter operating at 76-79 GHz frequency range and designed in 45 nm CMOS technology. The proposed circuits are designed for 1V power supply and dissipated 4.9mW power. The optimized RC-extracted layout size of the mixer and IF filter circuits are 218x240μm, 240x265μm respectively.
Predators of Cyclic Prey: Is the Canada Lynx Victim or Profiteer of the Snowshoe Hare Cycle?

Most populations of predators of cyclic prey fluctuate as their reproductive output and survival is a function of prey availability. The predator's response to a given prey density, however, may alter from the increase to the decrease phase. In cycles, the development of the prey population is predictable, and more sophisticated strategies can evolve. We develop an hypothesis on the life history strategy of the Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis). We propose that resident lynx form a core population and occupy large and stable home ranges throughout the cycle. Their reproductive output is maximized with increasing prey availability, but reduced in the decline phase before the investment threatens the long-term survival of the residents
Phylogenetic and ecological correlates of pollen morphological diversity in a Neotropical rainforest

Morphology varies enormously across clades, and the morphology of a trait may reflect ecological function or the retention of ancestral features. We examine the tension between ecological and phylogenetic correlates of morphological diversity through a case study of pollen grains produced by angiosperms in Barro Colorado Island, Panama (BCI). Using a molecular phylogeny of 730 taxa, we demonstrate a statistically significant association between morphological and genetic distance for these plants. However, the relationship is non‐linear, and while close relatives share more morphological features than distant relatives, above a genetic distance of ~ 0.7 increasingly distant relatives are not more divergent in phenotype. The pollen grains of biotically pollinated and abiotically pollinated plants overlap in morphological space, but certain pollen morphotypes and individual morphological traits are unique to these pollination ecologies. Our data show that the pollen grains of biotically pollinated plants are significantly more morphologically diverse than those of abiotically pollinated plants.
Constrained inference through posterior projections

Bayesian approaches are appealing for constrained inference problems in allowing a probabilistic characterization of uncertainty, while providing a computational machinery for incorporating complex constraints in hierarchical models. However, the usual Bayesian strategy of placing a prior on the constrained space and conducting posterior computation with Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms is often intractable. An alternative is to conduct inference for a less constrained posterior and project samples to the constrained space through a minimal distance mapping. We formalize and provide a unifying framework for such posterior projections. For theoretical tractability, we initially focus on constrained parameter spaces corresponding to closed and convex subsets of the original space. We then consider non-convex Stiefel manifolds. We provide a general formulation of the projected posterior and show that it can be viewed as an update of a data-dependent prior with the likelihood for particular classes of priors and likelihood functions. We also show that asymptotic properties of the unconstrained posterior are transferred to the projected posterior. Posterior projections are illustrated through multiple examples, both in simulation studies and real data applications.
Commitment on Volunteer Crowdsourcing Platforms: Implications for Growth and Engagement

Volunteer crowdsourcing platforms, such as food recovery organizations, match volunteers with tasks which are often recurring. To ensure completion of such tasks, platforms frequently use a commitment lever known as "adoption. " Despite being effective in reducing match uncertainty, high levels of adoption reduce match availability for volunteers which in turn can suppress future engagement. We study how platforms should balance these two opposing factors. Our research is motivated by a collaboration with Food Rescue U.S. (FRUS), a volunteer-based food recovery organization active in over 33 locations across the U.S. For platforms such as FRUS, success crucially depends on efficient volunteer utilization and engagement. Consequently, effectively utilizing non-monetary levers, such as adoption, is critical. Based on our analysis of fine-grained FRUS data, we develop a model for a repeated two-sided matching market consisting of tasks (prearranged donations) and volunteers. Our model incorporates the uncertainty in match compatibility as well as the negative impact of failing to match on future engagement. We study the platform's optimal policy for setting the adoption level to maximize the total discounted number of matches. Our analysis reveals that the optimal myopic policy is either full or no adoption. For sufficiently thick markets, we show that such a myopic policy is also optimal in the long run. In thinner markets, even though a static policy of full or no adoption can be suboptimal, we show it achieves a constant-factor approximation where the factor improves with market thickness. Using our analytical and empirical results, we revisit the current design of the FRUS platform and make location-specific policy recommendations. More broadly, our work sheds light on how other two-sided platforms can control the double-edged impacts that commitment levers have on growth and engagement.
Letter re: Early start of DOAC after ischemic stroke: Risk of intracranial hemorrhage and recurrent events

Seiffge et al.1 evaluated the effect of direct, non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (DOACs) or vitamin K antagonists on intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and recurrent ischemic events in patients with acute ischemic stroke or TIA and nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). I have a concern about the study.
The Oleate-Stimulated Phospholipase D, PLD (cid:2) , and Phosphatidic Acid Decrease H 2 O 2 -Induced Cell Death in Arabidopsis

Hydrolysis of common membrane phospholipids occurs in response to various environmental stresses, but the control and cellular function of this hydrolysis are not fully understood. Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is a pivotal signaling molecule involved in various stress responses. Here, we show that the plasma membrane–bound phospholipase D, PLD (cid:2) , is activated in response to H 2 O 2 and that the resulting phosphatidic acid (PA) functions to decrease H 2 O 2 -promoted programmed cell death. The Arabidopsis genome has 12 PLD genes, and knockout of PLD (cid:2) abolishes specifically the oleate-stimulated PLD activity. H 2 O 2 treatment of Arabidopsis cells activates PLD enzyme activity, and ablation of PLD (cid:2) abolishes that activation. PLD (cid:2) -null cells display increased sensitivity to H 2 O 2 -induced cell death. The addition of PA to PLD (cid:2) -null cells mitigates the H 2 O 2 effect, whereas suppression of the H 2 O 2 -induced PA formation in wild-type cells increases the effect. PLD (cid:2) -ablated plants exhibit increased susceptibility to stress. These results demonstrate that activation of oleate-stimulated PLD (cid:2) con-stitutes an important step in the plant response to H 2 O 2 and increasing plant stress tolerance.
Effects of feed allocation on female broiler breeders.

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine if feed allotment during rearing had an impact on the reproductive performance of cage-housed broiler breeders. Broiler breeder pullets were reared on one of three feed allocation programs to result in divergent body weight curves from 1 to 24 wk of age. All three feed allocation regimens were within the range of commercial practice. The treatments included 1) a conventional, relatively linear growth curve (Standard), 2) and “Early Slow” program characterized by slow growth rates during the early rearing period followed by a more generous feed allocation after 19 wk, and 3) an “Early Fast” program with body weights above normal early in rearing, followed by more conservative body weight gains late in rearing. The Early Slow feed allocation program resulted in fewer settable eggs and hatched chicks than the Standard and Early Fast programs. There was a tendency for birds reared on the Early Slow program to commence lay with reduced carcass protein levels.
Erratum

(p.34) These alloreactive anergic CD4þ T cells are incapable of inducing GVHD and suppress responses of naı̈ve T cells, after in vivo transfer into histo-incompatible recipients (93–95). (p.39) Furthermore, administration of vitamin D3 to glucocorticoid-resistant patients enhanced T-cell responsiveness to dexamethasone with an increase in IL-10 production (168). (p.40) Examples of pathogens encoding suppressive IL-10 homologues themselves include human cytomegalovirus and EpsteinBarr virus (EBV) (7, 10, 185). (p.41) For example, stimulation of DCs with peptidoglycan (which binds to NOD1) or b-glucan (which binds to dectin-1) increases IL-10 production (189, 190). (p.43) Furthermore, CD4þ T cells obtained from allogenic MLR in the presence of IL-10 reduce skin graft GVHD in skin explant assays (229).
Mule Deer Body Composition: A Comparison of Methods

Body composition was determined for four mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) by two different procedures. Body composition was estimated in vivo by dilution of tritiated water (HTO) into the total body water pool. Immediately after this in vivo trial, animals were euthanized and the carcasses chemically analyzed. Regression analysis revealed that chemical and HTO-based estimates of all components (water, fat, protein, and ash) were highly correlated. Results indicated that the HTO technique reliably estimated body composition in mule deer. J. WILDL. MANAGE. 49(1):86-91 Body composition has been extensively studied in domestic ruminants (Reid et al. 1955, Pitts 1963, Gardner et al. 1964, Reid et al. 1968, Garret et al. 1971) because body composition data are necessary for predicting energy and protein requirements for gestation and growth. Body composition of wild ruminants has received little attention to date. Detailed knowledge of the dynamics of body components of wild ungulates is essential to evaluate accurately their nutritional requirements and resource utilization efficiencies. Historically, weight change has been used as the indicator of energy or protein status of wild ungulates. Studies that have investigated energy and protein maintenance requirements of white-tailed deer (0. virginianus) (French et al. 1956; Moen 1968; Silver 1968; Silver et al. 1969; Ullrey et al. 1969, 1970; Robbins and Moen 1975; Smith et al. 1975; Holter and Hayes 1977) and those that have attempted to evaluate range condition directly from deer condition (size of fat stores) (Park and Day 1942; Severinghaus 1955, 1979) have used weight change as the key indicator of body condition. Detailed postmortem analysis of carcass composition of white-tailed deer was conducted by Robbins et al. (1974). Recently, Verme and Ozoga (1980) investigated lipogenesis in whitetailed deer fawns. Fawns deposited a substantial amount of fat even on a low plane of nutrition. Data on mule deer are less extensive. Stewart et al. (1963) monitored plasma fat levels in six black-tailed deer (0. h. columbianus) and claimed synchrony between seasonally fluctuating body weight and plasma lipids. Anderson et al. (1972) noted that adult mule deer collec ed from a wild population had a higher percent fat in the skinned, eviscerated carcass in early autumn than in late winter, spring, and
Reply: Why R‐CHOP for first line treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia?

refractory B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia or follicular lymphoma. Haematologica 90(Suppl. 2), abstract 1151. Wierda W. , O’Brien S. , Wen S. , Faderl S. , Garcia-Manero G. , Thomas D. , Do K.A. , Cortes J., Koller C. , Beran M. , Ferrajoli A. , Giles F. , Lerner S. , Albitar M. , Kantarjian H. & Keating M. (2005) Chemoimmunotherapy with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab for relapsed and refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Journal of Clinical Oncology 23, 4070– 4078.
Supplementary Proteins and Amino Acids and Dietary Production of Fatty Livers in Mice

Summary Fatty livers have been produced in mice by diets which have previously been shown to produce such an effect in rats. High fat diets containing 5% casein, 5% arachin, 20% arachin or 5% arachin supplemented with cystine produced fatty livers in mice. A lipotropic effect occurred when methionine was substituted for cystine in the 5% arachin diet or when a high fat diet containing 20% casein was fed. Fatty livers were obtained when cysteine was added to the 5% arachin diet or when homocystine supplemented the 5% casein or 5% arachin diets. The effects produced when cystine or methionine supplemented the 5% arachin diet resembled those previously reported on rats when these amino acids supplemented a 5% casein diet. The results obtained with the 5% and 20% casein diets were also like those reported for rats.
DISCRETE POPULATIONS DERIVED BY INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION AND SELECTION IN NICOTIANA

One approach toward understanding genetic systems that differentiate populations and their evolutionary potentialities is to produce experimental populations and to study them under conditions of controlled culture, mating, and selection. An advantage of this method over that of analyzing existing natural populations is that the variables which influence gene frequency are controlled and accessible. An obvious disadvantage is that it is hazardous to make direct analogy or to transfer unqualified interpretation to evolution in nature. In spite of this limitation, some of the most significant contributions to the study of evolution are being made by manipulating genetic systems of populations under artificial experimental conditions. In the investigation reported here, a study was made of the effect of selection following interspecific hybridization on morphological divergence and genetic isolation at two levels of ploidy.
Research Article EXTRACTION OF ENZYMES FROM POTATO PEELS SUBSTRATE USING BACILLUS MEGATARIUM

Here the work contains Extraction of Enzymes from Potato Peels Substrate Using Bacillus Megatarium. The work was done to study the growth habit of microbes on standard media, standardize the conditions for growth of microbes using potato peel & and measure the efficacy of filtrate as enzyme source. Experimental details were like Design-CRD, 3 replication & 8 treatments. Bacterial strains were used like B1 = B. megatarium, B2 = No bacteria, Incubation temperature T1 = 37 0 C , T2 = Room Temperature (R.T.) and Incubation Hours H1 = 24 , H2 = 48. Bacterial strain B. megatarium consume maximum amount of starch (96.27 mg/g) as compare to other treatments. Amylase and protease enzymes activity also found in highest in treatment 4 (T4) and All the results were within accepted criteria.
Effect of rice-duck farming ecosystem on zoobenthos biodiversity in paddy field

In order to study the impact of rice-duck farming ecosystem on zoobenthos biodiversity in paddy waters, surface soil samples taken from rice-duck farming ecosystem and conventional paddy fields were analyzed for zoobenthos biodiversity. The results show that the number of zoobenthos species (genus) declines in rice-duck farming ecosystems compared with conventional paddy. The total number of zoobenthos in rice-duck farming ecosystem declines remarkably during the early stage of rice growth, but almost equals that of conventional paddy at late growth stage. Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson diversity index and evenness index all show similar trend of change. The diversity indexes and evenness index of zoobenthos in rice-duck farming ecosystems are higher than those in normal paddy during the early stage of rice growth, but are in the reverse trend during the later stage. The result may have varied implications for water management and implementation of rice-duck farming technology.