Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Household Support: An Ignorantly Key Factor for Tour Guide’s Profession Loyalty. A Case Study in China

Tour guides play an essential role in tourism industry. However, in practice, a large majority of experienced tour guides commonly make attempts to switch to other sectors instead of other enterprises of tourism industry after they have three to five year of work experience. In order to disclose the reasons of the phenomenon data from 113 valid samples was obtained through paper-based questionnaires. Meanwhile, partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) is employed assessing the research model in which we hypothesize household support, economic rewards, social rewards and career prospects have positively influence profession loyalty. The results show effect of household support (p<0.01) and economic rewards (p<0.1) are statistically significant respectively. Household support is a very key factor on tour guide’s profession loyalty contrasted with others. Finally, the limitations of the study are discussed. 1.Introduction Employee loyalty is a very popular topic in human resource research. The higher level of employee loyalty can give enterprises many benefits, such as decreasing cost and increasing work efficiency. In contrast, profession loyalty means employees continue to work in a sector many years also have many advantages. It provides abundantly experienced workers and axes dozens of training costs for a sector. This further prompts the sector booming. However, previous studies lay more stress on employee loyalty and less on profession loyalty. In terms of employee loyalty, Antecedents mainly focus on factors affecting profession loyalty. The main factors include employee satisfaction, work environment, work revenues, employee empowerment as well as employee personality [1-4]. On the contrary, the discussion on factors affecting profession loyalty remains in its infancy. In practice, profession loyalty is equally important with employee loyalty. Thus, we further develop it. Tour guides play an interface role between the tourism destinations with its visitors through their knowledge and interpretation [5]. An abundance of veteran tour guides are essential elements in tourism development. However, in practice, we find the tour guide sector constantly has a dilemma. On the one hand it has a considerable labor demand along with booming tourism, on the other hand a ton of veteran tour guides often choose to switch sectors instead of enterprises when they have served for several years. Jiang & Tribe (2009) 3rd International Conference on Education, Culture and Social Development (ICECSD 2019) Copyright © 2019, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 344
Introduction to in vivo 31 P magnetic resonance spectroscopy of (human) skeletal muscle

31 P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) offers a unique non-invasive window on energy metabolism in skeletal muscle, with possibilities for longitudinal studies and of obtaining important bioenergetic data continuously and with sufficient time resolution during muscle exercise. The present paper provides an introductory overview of the current status of in vivo 31 P MRS of skeletal muscle, focusing on human applications, but with some illustrative examples from studies on transgenic mice. Topics which are described in the present paper are the information content of the 31 P magnetic resonance spectrum of skeletal muscle, some practical issues in the performance of this MRS methodology, related muscle biochemistry and the validity of interpreting results in terms of biochemical processes, the possibility of investigating reaction kinetics in vivo and some indications for fibre-type heterogeneity as seen in spectra obtained during exercise.
A BRIEF ON BIG DATA : LESSONS FROM 10 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE

In this review study, one of the most important technological trend, i.e. big data, is explained together with some of the main terminology relative to the field emerging from it. Some of the challenges and opportunities that it brings along are described and a list of new research sub-fields is also suggested as well as recommendations for the universities to embrace the new technologies and incorporate them in their curriculum in an effort to properly train the experts of the new big data era.
Towards an Artificial Carbohydrates Supply on Earth

How to feed a growing global population in a secure and sustainable way? The conventional, biogenic agriculture has yet failed to provide a reliable concept which circumvents its severe environmental externalities—such as the massive use of land area, water for irrigation, fertilizer, pesticides, herbicides, and fossil fuel. In contrast, the artificial synthesis of carbohydrates from atmospheric carbon dioxide, water, and renewable energy would allow not only for a highly reliable production without those externalities, but would also allow to increase the agricultural capacities of our planet by several orders of magnitude. All required technology is either commercially available or at least developed on a lab-scale (at least for sugar). No directed research has, however, yet been conducted towards an industry-scale carbohydrate synthesis because the biogenic carbohydrate production was economically more competitive. Taking the environmental and socio-economic externalities of the conventional sugar production into account, this economical narrative has to be questioned. We estimate the production costs of artificial sugar at ~1 €/kg. While the today's spot market price for conventional sugar is about 0.3 €/kg, we estimate its total costs (including external costs) at ≥0.9 €/kg in humid regions and ≥2 €/kg in semi-arid regions. Accordingly, artificial sugar appears already today to be the less expensive way of production. The artificial sugar production allows in principle also for a subsequent synthesis of other carbohydrates such as starch. These synthetic products could directly supply a large fraction of the human calorie requirements and could be in addition used as a feedstock to microorganisms, fungi, insects, or livestock in order to enhance the sustainability of the remaining biogenic production of, e.g., fats and proteins. This manuscript aims at rising research interest and awareness for a transition to a non-agricultural and more resource-conserving way to supply carbohydrates for food and feed.
Promoter Specific Alterations of BDNF mRNA in Schizophrenia

The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene contains 4 major 5′ promoters which generate alternate transcripts. Previously, we found that pan-BDNF mRNA and protein is reduced in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) from patients with schizophrenia. In this study, we determined which of the 4 most abundant BDNF alternate transcripts (I–IX, II–IX, IV–IX and VI– IX) are altered in schizophrenia. Using a cohort from the NIMH, USA, we found that BDNF II–IX mRNA was significantly reduced in the DLPFC of patients with schizophrenia, and we replicated this finding using a second cohort from Sydney, Australia. Moreover, we show that the mature BDNF protein is reduced in the DLPFC of patients with schizophrenia, confirming and replicating our previous findings. We next determined the regional specificity of these findings by measuring BDNF transcripts in the parietal cortex and hippocampus and found no significant changes in these two brain regions. Since patients with schizophrenia are often prescribed antidepressants which can up-regulate expression of BDNF, we investigated the relationship between antidepressant treatment and BDNF transcript expression. All four BDNF transcripts were significantly up-regulated in schizophrenics patients treated with antidepressants. When we removed cases with recorded use of antidepressants, this revealed significant reductions in BDNF II–IX and IV–IX in the parietal cortex and VI–IX in the hippocampus of patients with schizophrenia. This suggests that down-regulation of at least 1/4 major BDNF transcripts occurs in various brain regions of patients with schizophrenia, particularly in the DLPFC which appears to have the most robust BDNF deficit in schizophrenia.
Analysing Economic Growth and Debt Relationship in a Panel of European Countries

The idea that public debt has a negative impact on economic growth has been very popular in literature, and it has been the guide towards the adoption of policies of debt reduction. Through empirical and theoretical models, many studies have attempted to provide support for this claim and for the existence of general debt thresholds above which debt would negatively affect growth. However, because of heterogeneous conditions, it is unlikely that such thresholds could be generalized to any country and any period. Going beyond the estimation of debt-thresholds, our work aims to deepen the relationship between public debt and economic growth by analysing a slightly unbalanced panel data set with 25 Western and Eastern European countries, with quarterly data from 1999Q1 to 2015Q4. After testing for unit roots, we perform a cointegration analysis both at country and panel level to understand for which countries a cointegration relationship between GDP and debt exists, and thus for which countries of our data set a long-run relationship between these variables can be described. Then, we specify a panel-VAR model to compare our groups of countries, and finally we decompose GDP into its main subcomponents to find out whether or not cointegration arises at the aggregate level only. Our findings show that a) a long-run relationship between public debt and GDP exists for some countries but it cannot be generalized, and b) the short-run linkage between public debt and GDP is negative, but it is determined by the events that follow the financial crisis.
Breeding systems in penduline tits : Sexual selection , sexual conflict and parental cooperation

Why do females prefer some males over others? Females often use multiple cues, and to distinguish between these cues one needs to manipulate putative male traits. We carried out a test of multiple cues hypothesis in a polygamous bird, the Eurasian penduline tit. In this passerine both males and females mate with up to seven mates within a breeding season, and a single parent (male or female) incubates the eggs and raises the chicks. Males build sophisticated nests, and previous studies suggested that females prefer males with large nest to small ones, since large nests provide direct benefit to females via reduced cost of incubation. Males sport wider eye-stripes ('masks') than females, and males with large masks find a mate faster than males with small masks. In a mate choice experiment using factorial design and two levels for each trait, we show that females prefer males with large masks, whereas they do not show preference for large nests. These results suggest that in penduline tits (i) females pay more attention to a trait that signals indirect benefit (mask size) than a trait that is related to direct benefits (nest size), and (ii) nest preference may be context-dependent. Ákos Pogány, Tamás Székely, 2007. Behaviour 144:411-417.
Merged AMSR-2 and GPM Passive Microwave Radiometry for Measuring River Discharge and

River discharge and runoff have long been measured on the ground at in situ gauging stations, but today’s global hydrologic models require improvements to the quantity and quality of such observational information. Satellite remote sensing of the Earth’s water cycle has only recently been extended to measurements of discharge. We demonstrate that passive microwave radiometry has a surprising power to monitor river discharge changes at an appropriate temporal sampling interval (daily) and with considerable accuracy, over multiple decades and continuing into the future. This capability was unanticipated as the AMSR-2, AMSRE, and the TMI and GMI sensors were being designed. However, their ~37 GHz data are now being used to provide important river discharge and runoff information commencing in 1998. Such observational data can be used to address important science issues, such as the effects of climate change on arctic river freshwater discharge, and associated dissolved organic matter and heat fluxes into the Arctic Ocean.
Improving the Effectiveness of the Black Hole Algorithm Using a Local Search Technique

The main objective of the proposed algorithm in this paper is to modify the BH algorithm such that the simplicity can be resolved and improvements can be obtained in solving numerical optimization problems. The modified BH algorithm is presented by apply local search in BH algorithm to find neighborhood solution around the best solution. The black hole with local search (BHLS) algorithm is used as a new optimization approach to solve numerical optimization problems, specifically, unimodal, multimodal, hybrid, and composite functions of CEC2014 test suite.
Real2Sim: visco-elastic parameter estimation from dynamic motion

This paper presents a method for optimizing visco-elastic material parameters of a finite element simulation to best approximate the dynamic motion of real-world soft objects. We compute the gradient with respect to the material parameters of a least-squares error objective function using either direct sensitivity analysis or an adjoint state method. We then optimize the material parameters such that the simulated motion matches real-world observations as closely as possible. In this way, we can directly build a useful simulation model that captures the visco-elastic behaviour of the specimen of interest. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on various examples such as numerical coarsening, custom-designed objective functions, and of course real-world flexible elastic objects made of foam or 3D printed lattice structures, including a demo application in soft robotics.
STROKE PREVENTION IN DIABETES

Diabetes and ischemic stroke are common disorders that often arise together. Diabetics are at 1.5 to three times the risk of stroke compared with the general population and the associated mortality and morbidity is greater than in those without this underlying condition. Importantly, the relation between disturbed glucose metabolism and cerebrovascular disease is not restricted to acute ischemic stroke. Diabetes is also associated with more insidious ischaemic damage to the brain, mainly manifesting as small-vessel disease and increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia. This paper shows the epidemiologic relationships of stroke in type 2 diabetes and suggest that rigorous assessment and treatment of associated risk factors can substantially reduce the risk of stroke in patients with diabetes.
3 Apply Phase C : Distillation and Validation C 1

A method for acquisition of general inference rules in the social / emotional domain is presented. This method is characterized as an empirical, psychologically-guided means of developing and evaluating models of this type of reasoning. The focus is the task of predicting the range of emotions and explanations for each emotion felt by agents in a range of given scenarios. Results obtained from implementing this method for a set of simple and complex scenarios are described. The products of this pilot study are acquired knowledge in the form of a simple rulebased model plus a small corpus of training and evaluation data. Extensions to the method are proposed to support incremental knowledge acquisition which form a generate-and-test loop between modelers and crowdsourced laypeople.
High-pressure Raman spectroscopic studies of FeS 2 pyrite

We report micro-Raman spectroscopic studies of FeS2 pyrite in the diamond-anvil cell under hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic conditions to 55 GPa at room temperature. Four out of five Ramanactive modes are resolved with helium as a pressure-transmitting medium to highest pressures. The fifth mode, Tg(2) [377 cm ], is weak and unresolved lying ~2 cm 1 from the intense Ag mode [379 cm ] at 1 bar. We observe an increase in the separation of the Eg [344 cm ] and Tg(1) [350 cm ] modes under compression. All observed frequencies increase continuously with increasing pressure showing no evidence for a structural phase transition in accord with both X-ray diffraction and shock-wave studies. The Ag and Tg(1) modes gain significantly in intensity relative to the Eg mode with increasing pressure probably resulting from Raman resonance effects. The Tg(3) mode [430 cm ] broadens unusually compared to the other pyrite modes with pressure. The Raman data are consistent with a contraction of the S S and Fe S bonds under pressure. The main effect of non-hydrostatic conditions on the Raman modes is a strong pressure-induced broadening; the pressure-dependence of the frequencies and relative intensities are not affected within the error of the measurements.
Finite element analysis of rotating oscillatory magneto convective radiative

Micropolar fluids provide an alternative mechanism for simulating micro-scale and molecular fluid mechanics which require less computational effort. In the present paper, a numerical analysis is conducted for the primary and secondary flow characterizing dissipative micropolar convective heat and mass transfer from a rotating vertical plate with oscillatory plate velocity, adjacent to a permeable medium. Owing to high temperature, thermal radiation effects are also studied. The micropolar fluid is also chemically-reacting, both thermal and species (concentration) buoyancy effects and heat source/sink are included. The entire system rotates with uniform angular velocity about an axis normal to the plate. Rosseland’s diffusion approximation is used to describe the radiative heat flux in the energy equation. The partial differential equations governing the flow problem are rendered dimensionless with appropriate transformation variables. A Galerkin finite element method is employed to solve the emerging multi-physical components of fluid dynamics problem are examined for a variety of parameters including rotation parameter, radiationconduction parameter, micropolar coupling parameter, Eckert number (dissipation), reaction parameter, magnetic body force parameter and Schmidt number. A comparison with previously published article is made to check the validity and accuracy of the present finite element solutions under some limiting case and excellent agreement is attained. The current simulations may be applicable to various chemical engineering systems, oscillating rheometry, and rotating MHD energy generator near-wall flows.
Dietary fermented products using koji mold and sweet potato-shochu distillery by-product promotes hepatic and serum cholesterol levels and modulates gut microbiota in mice fed a high-cholesterol diet

It has been reported that fermented products (FPs) prepared from sweet potato-shochu distillery by-product suppressed weight gain and decreased serum cholesterol levels in mice under normal dietary conditions. Furthermore, from the information gained from the above data regarding health benefits of the FPs, the aim of this study was evaluating the effects of dietary FPs on lipid accumulation and gut microbiota in mice with or without cholesterol-load in the diet. C57BL/6N mice were fed normal (CO) diet, CO with 10% FPs (CO + FPs) diet, cholesterol loaded (HC) diet, or HC with 10% FPs (HC + FPs) diet for 8 weeks. The mice were then euthanized, and blood samples, tissue samples, and feces were collected. The adipose tissue weight and liver triglyceride levels in the HC + FPs diet groups were significantly reduced compared to that in the HC diet groups. However, FPs significantly increased the serum non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, the ratio of non-HDL-C to HDL-C and hepatic total cholesterol levels in mice fed cholesterol-loaded diet compared with that of the HC diet group. Since dietary FPs significantly decreased the protein expression levels of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase 1 in the HC + FPs diet groups, the cholesterol accumulation in FPs group may be explained by insufficient catabolism from cholesterol to bile acid. In addition, the dietary FPs tended to increase Clostridium cluster IV and XIVa, which are butyrate-producing bacteria. Related to the result, n-butyrate was significantly increased in the CO + FPs and the HC + FPs diet groups compared to their respective control groups. These findings suggested that dietary FPs modulated the lipid pool and gut microbiota.
Chapter 1

In the last decade, an increasing interest has been focused on the recycling of plastic wastes, especially on the polyethylene terephthalate (PET). PET polymer is already being recycled and numerous applications for recycled polyesters can be explored depending on the properties of the resin. However, the common problem faced during processing of recycled PET is degradation. Thus, many solutions have been proposed in literature to undermine this problem. This chapter presents a background of the current state of knowledge with respect to PET recycling. In the first section, a brief theoretical background is presented about virgin PET synthesis, thermal transitions, processing and applications. The second section deals with the PET recycling process with a focus on contaminations and ways to increase the molecular weight of recycled PET (RPET). It serves as an introduction to Section Three where our process to improve the RPET properties is described. Finally, Section Four covers the effect of blending virgin PET (VPET) with recycled PET on thermal and rheological behaviors.
The Role of Users ’ Preconceptions in Talking to Computers and Robots

Communication with artificial interaction partners differs in many ways from communication among humans, and often so in the very first utterance. That is, in human-computer and human-robot interaction users address their artificial communication partner on the basis of preconceptions. The current paper addresses the nature of speakers’ preconceptions about robots and computers and the role these preconceptions play in human-computer and human-robot interactions. That is, I will show that a) two types of preconceptions as opposing poles of the same dimension of interpersonal relationship can be distinguished, b) these types can be readily identified on the basis of surface cues in the users’ utterances, b) these preconceptions correlate with the users’ linguistic choices on all linguistic levels, and d) these preconceptions also influence the speakers’ interactional behaviour, in particular, with respect to which their linguistic behaviour can be influenced, that is, in how far speakers align with the computer’s and robot’s linguistic output.