Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reciprocal skeletal phenotypes of PRC2-related overgrowth and Rubinstein–Taybi syndromes: potential role of H3K27 modifications

Within histone H3, lysine 27 (H3K27) is one of the residues that functions as a molecular switch, by virtue of being subject to mutually exclusive post-translational modifications that have reciprocal effects on gene expression. Whereas acetylation of H3K27 is associated with transcriptional activation, methylation at this residue causes transcriptional silencing; these two modifications are mutually exclusive. Establishment of these epigenetic marks is important in defining cellular identity and for maintaining normal cell function, as evidenced by rare genetic disorders of epigenetic writers involved in H3K27 post-translational modification. Polycomb repressive complex (PRC2)-related overgrowth and Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome (RSTS) are respectively associated with impaired H3K27 methylation and acetylation. Whereas these syndromes share commonalities like intellectual disability and susceptibility to cancers, they are generally divergent in their skeletal growth phenotypes, potentially through dysregulation of their opposing H3K27 writer functions. In this review, we discuss the requirement of H3K27 modifications for successful embryogenesis, highlighting data from relevant mouse knockout studies. Although such gene ablation studies are integral for defining fundamental biological roles of methyl- and acetyltransferase function in vivo, studies of partial loss-of-function models are likely to yield more meaningful translational insight into progression of PRC2-related overgrowth or RSTS. Thus, modeling of rare human PRC2-related overgrowth and RSTS variants in mice is needed to fully understand the causative role of aberrant H3K27 modification in the pathophysiology of these syndromes.
Photosynthesis and related physiological characteristics affected by exogenous glucose in wheat seedlings under water stress.

Drought, one of the main adverse environmental factors, obviously affects plant growth and development. Previous studies have shown one of the plant mechanisms conferred stress tolerance is the rapid accumulation of soluble sugar (glucose, fructose and sucrose) during water stress. A large number of stress responsive genes have been reported to be induced by glucose, indicating the role of sugars in environmental responses. Although it has already been shown that sugars act as signaling molecules in plants to modulate growth, development, and stress responses, little is known about the mechanisms by which plants respond to them under water stress. To investigate the regulational relation between glucose and drought resistance in wheat, the effects of exogenous glucose on growth and photosynthesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings under water stress were studied. Wheat seedlings were treated with Hoagland solution (T0), 15% PEG-6000 (T1), 15% PEG-6000+100 μmol L-1 Glc (T2), and 15% PEG-6000+300 μmol L-1Glc (T3), respectively. Effects of exogenous glucose on the leaf water potential and relative water content, photosynthesis, photosynthetic pigment content, soluble sugar and proline content in leaves, as well as growth of seedlings and roots were analyzed. The leaf water potential and leaf photosynthesis decreased significantly, and the growth of seedlings was inhibited when the plants were subjected to water stress. However, the leaf water potential, photosynthetic pigments content increased in T2 and T3 treatments. Simultaneously, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), and water use efficiency (WUE) in leaf increased. However, the but transpiration rate (Tr) decreased when the seedlings were treated with exogenous glucose under water stress and rewatered after water stress. Moreover, the levels of proline and soluble sugar in leaves increased by glucose treatment under water stress. Exogenous glucose treatment increased the number of lateral roots, and the length of adventitious roots, and the plant dry matter increased by 14.32–40.39% compared to the drought treatment alone. These results indicate that exogenous glucose may improve drought resistance by increasing roots growth and photosynthesis in leaves under water stress.
Early Health Technology Assessment during Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Drug Development: A Two-Round, Cross-Country, Multicriteria Decision Analysis

Background. The assessment of value along the clinical development of new biopharmaceutical compounds is a challenging task. Complex and uncertain evidence has to be analyzed, considering a multitude of value preferences from different stakeholders. Objective. To investigate the use of multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) to support decision making during drug development while considering payer and health technology assessment (HTA) value concerns, by applying the Advance Value Framework in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and testing for the consistency of the results. Design. A multiattribute value theory methodology was applied and 2 rounds of decision conferences (DCs) were organized in 3 countries (England, France, and Germany), with the participation of national key experts and stakeholders using the MACBETH questioning protocol and algorithm. A total of 51 health care professionals, patient advocates, and methodologists, including (ex-) committee members or assessors from national HTA bodies, participated in 6 DCs in the study countries. Target Population. NASH patients in fibrosis stages F2 to 3 were considered. Interventions. The value of a hypothetical product profile was assessed against 3 compounds under development using their phase 2 results. Outcome Measures. DC participants’ value preferences were elicited involving criteria selection, options scoring, and criteria weighting. Results. Highly consistent valuation rankings were observed in all DCs, always favoring the same compound. Highly consistent rankings of criteria clusters were observed, favoring therapeutic benefit criteria, followed by safety profile and innovation level criteria. Limitations. There was a lack of comparative treatment effects, early evidence on surrogate endpoints was used, and stakeholder representativeness was limited in some DCs. Conclusions. The use of MCDA is promising in supporting early HTA, illustrating high consistency in results across countries and between study rounds.
A Comparative Floristic Study on the Seed Plants of the East Side and the West Side of the Northern Gaoligong Mts.in Northwestern Yunnan,China

The differences in rainfall and temperature between the east and west sides of the northern Gaoligong Mts.leads to distinct differences in the plant diversity and floristic characteristics between the two sides.Recorded taxa on the east side include 1 475 native species and 192 varieties(or subspecies) belonging to 580 genera in 152 families and for the west side include 1 804 native species and 186 varieties(or subspecies) belonging to 659 genera in 162 families.Based on the statistics and analysis of families,genera,and species,a comparative floristic study on the seed plants for the east side and the west side of the northern Gaoligong Mts.was carried out.The results are as follows:1) The present flora on the east and west sides of the northern Gaoligong Mts.have the same floristic origins,but the relative contribution from these different sources has changed through time.The result is that the floristic similarity of families,genera,and species between the east side and the west side has decreased through time;2) The floristic characteristic of seed plants for the west side has become more greatly influenced by tropical floristic elements than has that of the east side,and the influence by the temperate floristic elements has become less influenced on the west side but greater on the east side;3) The flora of the west side is more closely linked with that of the eastern Himalayans than is the flora of the east side,and the flora of the east side is more closely linked with the other floras farther to the east.Owing to the obstruct of the Gaoligong Mts.ridge itself,it is seemingly difficult for the species interchange between the two sides of the northern Gaoligong Mts. ;4) The ecological-geographical environment has made it more conducive to species conservation and the speciation on the west side than on the east side,so the west side is not only a refuge for some ancient floristic elements but also as a cradle of some new species.
Natural history of motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease and the long-duration response to levodopa

Abstract See Poewe and Espay (doi:10.1093/brain/awaa226) for a scientific commentary on this article. Cilia et al. describe the natural course of motor symptoms in drug-naïve patients with Parkinson’s disease and the effects of long-term levodopa on motor disability progression in the overnight OFF-state. Compared to natural progression, levodopa reduces the annual decline in OFF-state UPDRS-III scores by almost one third.
Both maternal and embryonic exposure to mild hypoxia influence embryonic development of the intertidal gastropod Littorina littorea

ABSTRACT There is growing evidence that maternal exposure to environmental stressors can alter offspring phenotype and increase fitness. Here, we investigate the relative and combined effects of maternal and developmental exposure to mild hypoxia (65 and 74% air saturation, respectively) on the growth and development of embryos of the marine gastropod Littorina littorea. Differences in embryo morphological traits were driven by the developmental environment, whereas the maternal environment and interactive effects of maternal and developmental environment were the main driver of differences in the timing of developmental events. While developmental exposure to mild hypoxia significantly increased the area of an important respiratory organ, the velum, it significantly delayed hatching of veliger larvae and reduced their size at hatching and overall survival. Maternal exposure had a significant effect on these traits, and interacted with developmental exposure to influence the time of appearance of morphological characters, suggesting that both are important in affecting developmental trajectories. A comparison between embryos that successfully hatched and those that died in mild hypoxia revealed that survivors exhibited hypertrophy in the velum and associated pre-oral cilia, suggesting that these traits are linked with survival in low-oxygen environments. We conclude that both maternal and developmental environments shape offspring phenotype in a species with a complex developmental life history, and that plasticity in embryo morphology arising from exposure to even small reductions in oxygen tensions affects the hatching success of these embryos. Summary: Maternal and embryonic exposure to mild hypoxia influence timings of developmental events, whereas aspects of embryo morphology and overall development time were influenced only by embryonic exposure to mild hypoxia.
Bile duct preserving pancreatic head resection (BDPPHR): Can we conclusively define the extent of head resection in surgery for chronic pancreatitis?

The role of surgical management for chronic pancreatitis in providing pain relief and improving quality of life is significant. Surgical techniques involving pancreatic head resection scored more over the drainage procedures. Among the resection procedures, Frey’s procedure received widespread acceptance. However, the exact extent of pancreatic head resection to be performed and the limits of the resection are still debatable. The present report of bile duct preserving pancreatic head resection (BDPPHR) describes an innovative approach to the pancreatic head and conclusively defines the extent of head resection. The simplicity, feasibility and easy reproducibility of the BDPPHR is also reiterated.
Spatial and temporal variation of solar radiation in recent 48 years in North China

Solar radiation,being the primary energy source for all the biological processes on the earth,is an important factor concerned in many applications due to its essential role as a driving input to agronomic,ecological,hydrological and soil vegetation atmosphere transfer models.Climate change is generally accepted to be one of the most critical problems faced by mankind and it is intricately linked to solar radiation which,as the primary energy source for all of earth′s living organisms,is a major determinant of the productivity of biological systems.North China,as a very important food producing region,is seriously affected by climate change,especially by the changes in solar radiation.Given the above background,the overwhelming emphasis of this study aims to establish the spatial and temporal variation of solar radiation in North China.Based on data of the Chinese Meteorological Administration(CMA) from 1961 to 2008,the geographical coordinates of 120 meteorological stations and the global digital elevation map(GTOPO30,DEM),we estimated the solar radiation duration between 1961 and 2008 and analysed the spatial pattern and the change in average annual solar radiation in North China.The results showed that the annual solar radiation varied between years,and that there was a linear decreasing trend over the last 48 years: solar radiation was relatively high in 1960s after which it fell by an average of 7.72 MJ·m-2·a-1.During the period analysed,maximum annual solar radiation occurred in 1965 which is about 5173.72 MJ·m-2·a-1,while the minimum occurred in 2003 which is around 4382.51 MJ·m-2·a-1.The result of Mann-Kendall analysis indicated a mutation point in 1981,after which annual solar radiation decreased significantly in North China by an average of 203.92 MJ·m-2·a-1,with a trend that continued until 2008.Solar radiation decreased in most parts of North China with the greatest reductions of more than 300 MJ·m-2·a-1 in central and southern region of North China.There were large spatial differences in the reduction of solar radiation: where as the average decline was 7.72 MJ·m-2·a-1,where as in Beijing,Tianjin,Northern Shandong and Northern Hebei,the average annual reduction was 15 MJ·m-2.The spatial and temporal variation of solar radiation is complex and affected by many factors,including the process of industrialization and urbanization in this region.At same time,the analysis of spatial and temporal variation of solar radiation in the past 48 years in North China can play an important role in the study of potential agricultural productivity,rational prediction of changes in climate,and corresponding decision-making.Considering all these aspects,an attempt should be made to reveal the solar radiation characteristics of main crops in different growth stages in the further work,with the purpose of improving the utilization of agricultural climate resource.
Expression and clinical significance of long non-coding RNA-PVT1 in human gastric cancer

Objective To screen and identify new biomarkers for human gastric cancer from lncRNAs. Methods Expression of lncRNAs in human gastric cancer tissues was detected by lncRNAs microassays. Expression of PVT1 which was screened to have higher expression in gastric cancer tissue by lncRNAs microassays was measured by q PCR in more biopsies of human gastric cancer. Results PVT1 had higher expression in human gastric cancer tissues. Expression of PVT1 was correlated with lymph node immigration of gastric cancer. Conclusions PVT1 is a new biomarker for human gastric cancer. PVT1 has potential to become the new therapy target for treatment of gastric cancer.
Effect of Weak Light on the Peroxidation of Membrane_Lipid of Cherry Leaves

The effect of weak light on the peroxidation of membrane_lipid of one_year_old cherries ( Prunus pseudocerasus L. "Laiyang") was studied by whole_tree shading. The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate of cherry leaves under weak light was remarkably lower; the activity peroxidase (POD) increased when light intensity decreased; the activity of catalase (CAT) showed an opposite trend, and it was positively correlated with light intensity; the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased under 366 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 and 533.8 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 light intensity, but decreased under 228.8 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 and 83.9 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 light intensity. A remarkable increase of malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of membrane_lipid peroxidation, was also observed in cherry leaves when treated with weak light, indicating more serious peroxidation in the membrane.
Ecological distribution of actinomycetes in the southwest part of Shandong province

The actinomycetes quality and population of the representative crops,and the relation between actinmycetes quality and several ecological factors in Luxinan district were studied by plate screening,so that we can study the ecological distribution of actinomycetes in this district. The results indicated that: ①The population of actinomycetes in this district was influenced by many factors.It changed as Loamy soilSand soilClay soil; it changed with different types of plants: vegetable soilwheat soilpeanut soilbare soilforestry soil;and it also decreased with the deeper of the soil layer. ②The components of actinomycetes in this district were complicated and strains tested could be classified into five generas.Streptomyces occupied a dominant position,followed by Micromonospora and Nocardia.The complicated degree of actinomycetes changed as the crop changed. ③The components of Streptomyces were also complicated and 13 subgeneras could be recognized.The dominant subgenera was Albosporus,and then the Lavendulae and Flavus. ④The quality of actinomycetes was connected with the organic matter and pH value of the soil.The richer of the organic matter and the higher pH value of the soil,the larger of the population of the actinomycetes was. ⑤The population of the actinomycetes in Luxinan district is large,so this district is a good place for actinomycetes to live and reproduce.
Setting Up an E-Marketplace: The Case of Taiwan Refrigeration & Air-Conditioning Products/Services

For many years the Energy Research Laboratory of the Institute of Industrial Technology Research (ITRI) in Taiwan has provided R&D and technical support to the refrigeration/air-conditioning industry. Although the majority of vendors in this industry are small companies with limited activities on the Internet, they have annual revenue of $3 billion US dollars. This paper studies the competitiveness and market positioning of an ITRI operated e-marketplace specializing in refrigeration/air-conditioning products and services. The authors propose a business strategy to evolve this e-marketplace in three stages with each stage offering mo re advanced services. Keyword: Refrigeration, E-Marketplace, Air-Conditioning
Gestão integrada de riscos para empresas não financeiras: uma proposta de modelo para controladoria

O gerenciamento do risco é um assunto que a cada dia se torna mais importante e conseqüentemente fica em evidência nos livros e artigos de finanças. A importância do estudo sobre risco remonta de muitos tempos tendo ganhado maior importância com o rompimento do acordo de Bretton Woods na década de 70 gerando um aumento do interesse pelas teorias de diversificação de carteiras de Markowitz e utilização do CAPM e dos conceitos de risco sistemático e não sistemático. A preocupação deste artigo é demonstrar a necessidade de se ter um gerenciamento integrado entre os diversos tipos de riscos que afetam as empresas e o papel da controladoria nesse contexto, indo além dos aspectos financeiros cobrindo situações de riscos operacionais e estratégicos. Alguns autores como Duarte (1996) e Jorion (2000) entre outros já evidenciaram a necessidade de se ampliar o conceito de gerenciamento de risco em empresas não financeiras para outras áreas além das finanças, pois é evidente que com a volatividade dos mercados, concorrência acirrada e mudanças tecnológicas cada vez mais rápidas vêm expondo os gestores e as respectivas empresas que eles representam a um nível de risco muito maior do que no passado recente.
Estadísticas Electorales de Costa Rica (1897-1948): Una contribución documental

Pese a que aun en los peores anos de las dictaduras centroamericanas la actividad electoral raravez fue completamente suspendida,[1] el estudio de los comicios y de las leyes e instituciones queregulaban su realizacion no ha sido prioritario para los investigadores locales y extranjeros. Estoultimo se explica, en buena medida, porque el trabajo academico realizado a partir de la decada de1980 se ha concentrado en el analisis de la historia social y agraria del istmo. [2] Sin embargo, taldesinteres esta presente incluso en autores como Jeffrey Paige, Robert G. Williams y DeborahYashar, preocupados por explorar los vinculos entre grupos sociales, Estados y democracia.
Proyección de la Inflación en Chile

Este estudio estima dos modelos para la inflacion chilena con parametros variables para el periodo 1990-1999. El primero esta basado en la curva de Phillips y el segundo, en un modelo para una pequena economia abierta con meta de inflacion. Las proyecciones de inflacion fuera de la muestra que se obtienen con esos dos modelos, se comparan con las proyecciones de inflacion, tambien fuera de la muestra, que se obtienen usando modelos de series de tiempo simples a la Box-Jenkins. Los resultados mas importantes son: las proyecciones hechas con modelos que incluyen la meta preanunciada de inflacion producen mejores proyecciones fuera de la muestra que los modelos que la excluyen; el modelo de inflacion basado en la curva de Phillips produce mejores proyecciones fuera de la muestra que el de pequena economia abierta; a pesar de que los modelos a la Box-Jenkins producen mejores proyecciones de inflacion fuera de la muestra en el muy corto plazo, su relativa superioridad se deteriora rapidamente en proyecciones de mediano plazo. En general, la inclusion de cambios de Markov en los dos modelos no contribuye a explicar una parte significativa de la varianza condicional del error de proyeccion. Sin embargo, es importante senalar que como la politica monetaria ha entrado en estado de regimen recien en el ano 2001, el ordenamiento relativo de los modelos puede cambiar con observaciones futuras