Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Reliability of the Bilateral Trigeminal Roots-motor Evoked Potentials as an Organic Normalization Factor: Symmetry or Not Symmetry?

Background: In order to achieve a complete clinical evaluation of mastication, an in-depth neurophysiopathological assessment of masticatory muscles control is needed. Electromyography technique (EMG) is widely used for this purpose but failed to give convincing results. The aim of this work was to describe our quantitative objectivation of the motor control of the masticatory muscles and to verify the hypothesis to consider the bilateral Root Motor Evoked Potentials as an electrophysiological normalization factor. Methods: 25 healthy people (15 males, 10 females; mean age 29 years ± 5) with normal occlusion and no history of temporomandibular disorders and orofacial pain underwent a transcranical electrical stimulation that allowed a direct bilateral stimulation of the motor roots of the trigeminal motor system called bilateral Root Motor Evoked Potentials (bRMEPs). The maximal Absolute Neural Evoked Energy, symmetry and synchrony properties of the resulting b R-MEPs were studied using measures like latency, amplitude and integrated area of the collected signal. An Artificial Neural Network computational model was used to estimate the correlation coefficient with the EMG values of each of both sides to predict the values from the right side by inputting values from the left side.
Treatment with anti‐CD86 costimulatory molecule prevents the autoimmune lesions in murine Sjögren's syndrome (SS) through up‐regulated Th2 response

Intraperitoneal administration with anti‐CD86 (B7.2) MoAb into the murine model for primary SS in NFS/sld mutant mice resulted in dramatically inhibitory effects on the development of autoimmune lesions, while no significant effects were observed when the mice were administered with anti‐CD80 (B7.1) MoAb. We found that spleen cells in the murine SS model treated with anti‐CD86 MoAb showed a significant impairment of autoantigen‐specific T cell proliferation. T cell activation markers (CD44high, CD45RBlow, Mel‐14low) were significantly down‐regulated in the spleen cells gated on CD4 in anti‐CD86‐treated mice. We detected a higher level of cytokine production of IL‐4 from splenic T cells in anti‐CD86‐treated mice, but not of IL‐2, and interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), compared with those in the anti‐CD80‐ and PBS‐treated SS model. Moreover, serum autoantibody production against α‐fodrin autoantigen was almost entirely suppressed in anti‐CD86‐treated mice. These data provide strong evidence that in autoimmune exocrinopathy resembling SS in NFS/sld mutant mice, the CD86 costimulatory molecule plays a crucial role in the initiation and subsequent progression of Th1‐mediated autoimmunity in the salivary and lacrimal glands.
Automatic Drawing for Tokyo Metro Map

The Tokyo subway is one of the most complex networks in the world, and it is difficult to obtain its easy-to-read metro map using existing layout methods. In this paper, we present a new method that can generate complex metro maps like the Tokyo metro map. Our method consists of two phases. The first phase generates rough metro maps. It decomposes the metro networks into smaller subgraphs, and generates rough metro maps partially. In the second phase, we use a local search technique to improve the aesthetic quality of the rough metro maps. The experimental results including the Tokyo metro map are shown.
OF THE EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOR FINDING THE PHILOSOPHICAL CORE : A REVIEW OF STEPHEN C . PEPPER ' S WORLD HYPOTHESES : A STUDY IN EVIDENCE '

Behavior analysis has always had significant conflicts with other psychological perspectives. At their most fundamental level, these conflicts are often philosophical, concerning such issues as the nature of the human and the purposes of science. Why are these the conflicts? What, if anything, can we do about them? Can we resolve them? Can we avoid them altogether by simply abandoning philosophy? To answer these questions, we must be clear about the philosophy underlying behavior analysis compared to those of other perspectives. To be clear is difficult, however, because the assumptions and postulates of the position are not deliberately and unambiguously laid down. Fundamental assumptions, specific theories, and historical accidents are too often discussed concurrently and without adequate differentiation in behavior-analytic expositions. Skinner's philosophical writings are especially prone to this difficulty, perhaps because he is so extensively involved with so many nonphilosophical aspects of the field. In 1942 Stephen C. Pepper, a philosopher and aestheticist, published World Hypotheses: A Study in Evidence. His central insight was that philosophical systems cluster around a few core models, or "world hypotheses," drawn from common sense. His strategy was to ignore details and personalities, and instead to present the central tenets of each world view in a general way. He used his own terms to describe most of these tenets, avoiding excess or parochial meanings. He quoted and cited very little. His style permits an understanding of
Phytochemicals from Morinda citrifolia Linn. (Noni) and their bioactivities: A review Weiping Yin and Mian-Ying Wang Some observations on Noni as a Rasayan in the perspective of Ayurveda

One up-coming botanical fruit of Morinda citrifolia, has Xeronine, the key constituent of Noni also acts as body supreme pain killer because it works with endorphins in the body to numb pain and produce feeling of euphoria. Alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Noni at graded doses showed significant analgesic action. The alcoholic extracts of Noni with 1000 mg/kg, however has better analgesic action which persisted for four hours as compared to aqueous extract at the same dose rate. The percent analgesic score of both extracts persisted up to 3 h of administration. Both the aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Noni significantly reduced the yeast induced pyrexia starting from 1 h post administration and it was completely brought back to normal within 4 h post administration . The alcoholic extract @ 1000 mg/kg produced better antipyretic action as compared to aqueous extract at the same dose up to 3 h of administration.
STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT METHODS FOR SELECTING ACCELEROGRAMS ON SEISMIC RESPONSE OF CONCRETE MOMENT RESISTING FRAMES

Choosing accelerograms have always been one of the important challenges which Structural Engineers face for using in non-linear dynamic analysis for studying the performance of structures. Different methods for choosing accelerograms have been proposed till now each having its own advantages and disadvantages. In this research record selection is done by using the criteria as magnitude, site-tosource distance, soil profile, and fundamental period spectral acceleration for structure and epsilon parameter. The structures used in this research are the frames of 4 stories reinforced concrete with 20 and 30 feet bay width which are studied based on Incremental dynamic analysis method. The results show that code methods have non-conservative responses in comparison to other methods and also using scaling factors in code methods are against the safety. It is also observed that frames having space lateral load bearing system have higher resistance compared with perimeter frames against the earthquake.
Antimicrobial Coating of Cotton Twill Tape with Neem Oil, Eucalyptus Oil and Tulsi Oil for Medicinal Application

This paper reports the development of antimicrobial finishing for cotton twill tape with essential oil extracted from eucalyptus leaves, tulsi leaves and neem seed. The inhibition was analysed against four bacterial and one yeast isolate. The washing fastness shows that fabrics treated with neem seed oil show antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, till the end of the third wash, followed by tulsi oil, but lower inhibition against others. But for eucalyptus oil, inhibition was observed well only after the first wash. The results show the antibacterial holding capacity of cotton twill tape after repeated washes.
Ergenlerde Depresyon: Epidemiyoloji, Klinik Görünüm, Komorbidite, Seyir, Komplikasyonlar

Ergenlerde depresyon, en s ı k görülen psikiyatrik bozukluklardan biridir: Bu yaz ı da özellikle ergen depresyonlarnıda epidemiyoloji, klinik özellikler; seyir, komplikasyonla ı ; rekü•rensi belirleyen etkenleri içeren çal ış malar gözden Ergenlerde depresyon, e•i şkinlikte de devam etme eğ ilimi gösteren s ı k ve tekrarlay ı c ı bir bozukluktur ve s ı klı kla diğer psikiyatrik bozukluklara birlikte görülür.
HPLC separation and in vitro antimalarial studies of Artemisia annua plants from two different origins : Cameroon versus Luxembourg

Background. Malaria is a devastating disease, particularly in Africa, due to development of resistance by Plasmodium falciparum against all known antimalarial drugs, including artemisinin. Therefore, the search for new antimalarial drugs is urgently needed, especially drugs that can impede the heme detoxification pathway in the malaria parasite, a crucial requirement for parasite survival in host erythrocytes. Materials and Methods. Water infusions of Artemisia annua plants from two different origins, Cameroon and Luxembourg, were used in this study. A semi-quantitative in vitro method, based on the inhibition of ferriprotoporphyrin IX (FP) biomineralisation developed by Deharo et al. [16], was used to reveal the differences in antimalarial activity of both plants. Reversed phase preparative liquid chromatography coupled to a photo diode array (PDA) detector was also used to test for differences in antimalarial activity. Results. Water extracts from the leaves of the Cameroon plant showed a higher potential antimalarial activity, represented by a higher ability to inhibit β-haematin formation in vitro than A. annua extracts from Luxembourg. Although extracts of the plants of both origins showed comparable efficiencies at high concentrations, the absorbance value at 405 nm of a 10% dilution of the Cameroon plant extract was 0.075, whereas it was 1.515 for the Luxembourg plant extract. The absorbance is inversely proportional to the antimalarial activity. According to the Prep-HPLC chromatogram of the Cameroon crude sample, seven major compounds at 325 nm were found. However, only four much less pronounced compounds appeared in the Luxembourg crude sample under the same chromatographic conditions and concentration. These were preliminarily identified as polyphenolic compounds. Conclusion. A. annua infusions are widely used by people who cannot afford other treatments. Depending on the cultivation locality different chemical profiles exist. This results in differences in hemozoin formation and will therefore also lead to alterations in antimalarial activity.
PARALLEL COMPUTATION OF 3 D WAVE PROPAGATION BY SPECTRAL STOCHASTIC FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

Strong ground motion plays an important role for e fficient seismic design and prevention of earthquake disasters. It is impossible, however, to simulate or predict perfectly accurate earthquake ground motions because many influential factors have uncertainty. It is essential therefore to quantitatively estimate the effect of these factors on the ground motions and take them into consideration. Monte Carlo simulation is a powerful tool for consideration of uncertainty. However, computation of MCS is expensive in terms of computational resources and more e fficient methods are also in demand.
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and child weight outcomes: New evidence from longitudinal data

This study explores the impact of mother’s smoking during pregnancy on child bodyweight outcomes, from birth through age five. Using a nationally representative sample of children surveyed in the NLSY79 Children and Young Adults, we exploit ‘within mother and across pregnancies’ variation in smoking behavior for identification. Consistent with prior literature, our estimates suggest that children of smokers weigh 0.25 pounds less at birth than children of non-smokers. Our examination of the evolutionary impact through pre-school years reveals that by age three there is no significant difference, in any of the several body weight measures we consider, between children of smokers and non-smokers. This lack of difference between the weight outcomes of two groups of children continues through the of age five. The latter findings, regarding the effects during pre-school years, are contrary to the hypothesis that children with fetal exposure to nicotine are associated with a higher risk of being overweight or obese.
Isolation and characterization of calmodulin genes from Xenopus laevis

Two cDNAs derived from Xenopus laevis calmodulin mRNA have been cloned. Both cDNAs contain the complete protein-coding region and various lengths of untranslated segments. The two cDNAs encode an identical protein but differ from each other by 5% nucleotide substitutions. The 5' and 3' untranslated regions, to the extent available, are highly homologous between the two cDNAs. The predicted sequence of X. laevis calmodulin is identical to that of vertebrate calmodulins from mammals and chickens and shows one substitution compared with electric eel calmodulin. Genomic DNA sequences homologous to each of the two cDNA clones have been isolated and were shown to account for the major calmodulin-coding DNA sequences in X. laevis. These data suggest that X. laevis carries two active, nonallelic calmodulin genes. Although no complete analysis has been carried out, it appears that the X. laevis calmodulin genes are interrupted by at least four introns. The relative concentrations of calmodulin mRNA have been estimated in different embryonic stages and adult tissues and found to vary by up to a factor of 10. The highest levels of calmodulin mRNA were found in ovaries, testes, and brains. In these three tissues, the two calmodulin genes appear to be expressed at approximately equal levels.
P o S ( I C R C 2 0 1 5 ) 2 7 2 Energy and Flux Measurements of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays Observed During the First

H. Schoorlemmer∗, K. Belov, A. Romero-Wolf, D. García-Fernández, V. Bugaev, S. A. Wissel, P. Allison, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, S. W. Barwick, J. J. Beatty, D. Z. Besson, W. R. Binns, W. R. Carvalho Jr., C. Chen, P. Chen, J. M. Clem, A. Connolly, P. F. Dowkontt, M. A. DuVernois, R. C. Field, D. Goldstein, P. W. Gorham, C. Hast, C. L. Heber, T. Huege, S. Hoover, M. H. Israel, A. Javaid, J. Kowalski, J. Lam, J. G. Learned, K. M. Liewer, J. T. Link, E. Lusczek, S. Matsuno, B. C. Mercurio, C. Miki, P. Miočinović, K. Mulrey, J. Nam, C. J. Naudet, J. Ng, R. J. Nichol, K. Palladino, B. F. Rauch, J. Roberts, K. Reil, B. Rotter, M. Rosen, L. Ruckman, D. Saltzberg, D. Seckel, D. Urdaneta, G. S. Varner, A. G. Vieregg, D. Walz, F. Wu, E. Zas Full affiliation list can be found at http://arxiv.org/abs/1506.05396 E-mail: harmscho@mpi-hd.mpg. de
Design of Quadcopter in Reconnaissance Conference

The military use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has grown because of their ability to operate in dangerous locations while keeping their human operators at a safe distance. The UAVs provide a reliable long duration, cost effective, platform for reconnaissance. They have grown to become an indispensable tool for the military. The question we posed in this paper was whether small UAVs also had utility in military and commercial as well as industrial applications. We postulated that smaller UAVs serve more tactical operations such as searching a village or a building for enemy positions. They should be able to handle military tactical operations as well as the emerging commercial and industrial. To validate this proposal, we considered many different UAV designs before we settled on creating a quadcopter. The payload of our quadcopter includes a camera and telemetry that will facilitate to watch video from quadcopter on a screen located few meters away.
STRESS DROPS FOR OCEANIC CRUST AND MANTLE INTRAPLATE EARTHQUAKES IN NORTHEASTERN JAPAN

Understanding stress drop related to intraplate earthquakes in the subducting plate is very important for seismic hazard mitigation. In previous studies, Kita and Katsumata (2015) analyzed stress drops for intraplate earthquakes under Hokkaido, northern Japan, using S-coda wave spectral ratio analysis methods and found that the stress drops for events that occurred in the area more than 10 km beneath the upper surface of the subducting plate (oceanic mantle) were larger than the stress drops for events that occurred within 10 km of the upper surface of the subducting plate (oceanic crust). In this study, we focus on intraplate earthquakes that occurred under Tohoku, northeastern Japan, to determine whether similar stress drop differences may exist between earthquakes in the oceanic crust and those in the oceanic mantle based on spectral inversion analysis. We selected 64 earthquakes with focal depths between 49–78 km and Mw 3.5–5.0 that occurred in the source area of the 2003 Miyagiken-oki earthquake (Mw 7.0) (region 1), and 82 earthquakes with focal depths between 49–67 km and Mw 3.5–5.5 that occurred in the source area of the 2011 Miyagiken-oki earthquake (Mw 7.1) (region 2). Records from target earthquakes at 24 stations in region 1 and 21 stations in region 2 were used in the analysis. A 5-s time window following S-wave onset was used for each station record. Borehole records from a KiK-net station (MYGH04) were used as reference data for both regions 1 and 2. We applied the spectral inversion method separately to regions 1 and 2. Our results show that the stress drops generally increased with focal depth and that the average stress drop for events that occurred in the oceanic mantle was larger than that for events that occurred in the oceanic crust. These results are consistent with previous studies. 1 Research fellow, Seismological Research Institute, Inc., Tokyo 113-0022, Japan (email: shj@seismo-r.com) 2 Civil & Architectural Engineering Dept., Tohoku-Electric Power Co., Inc., Sendai, Japan H. Si, K. Ishikawa, T. Arai and R. Ibrahim. Stress Drops for Oceanic Crust and Mantle Intraplate Earthquakes in Northeastern Japan. Proceedings of the 11th National Conference in Earthquake Engineering, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA. 2018. Stress Drops for Oceanic Crust and Mantle Intraplate Earthquakes in Northeastern Japan H. Si1, K. Ishikawa2, T. Arai2 and R. Ibrahim1
Ion Channels Synopsis

Ion channels have two main signalling functions: either they can generate second messengers or they can function as effectors by responding to such messengers. Their role in signal generation is mainly centred on the Ca2 + signalling pathway, which has a large number of Ca2+ entry channels and internal Ca2+ release channels, both of which contribute to the generation of Ca2 + signals. Ion channels are also important effectors in that they mediate the action of different intracellular signalling pathways. There are a large number of K+ channels and many of these function in different aspects of cell signalling. The voltage-dependent K+ (KV) channels regulate membrane potential and excitability. The inward rectifier K+ (Kir) channel family has a number of important groups of channels such as the G protein-gated inward rectifier K+ (GIRK) channels and the ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels. The two-pore domain K+ (K2P) channels are responsible for the large background K+ current. Some of the actions of Ca2 + are carried out by Ca2+-sensitive K+ channels and Ca2+-sensitive Cl− channels. The latter are members of a large group of chloride channels and transporters with multiple functions. There is a large family of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters some of which have a signalling role in that they extrude signalling components from the cell. One of the ABC transporters is the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) that conducts anions (Cl− and HCO3 − ) and contributes to the osmotic gradient for the parallel flow of water in various transporting epithelia. Many of these epithelia also express aquaporins, which are water channels that increase the flux of water during fluid secretion or absorption. The cation channel of sperm (CatSper) is sensitive to intracellular pH and has a vital role to play in maintaining sperm hyperactivity prior to fertilization. Finally, there are hyperpolarizing-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels that play an important role in various pacemaker mechanisms both in the heart and nervous system. Hemichannels provide membrane channels responsible for releasing ions and messengers from cells. On the other hand, gap junctions provide an intercellular pathway to transfer ions and messengers between cells. Mechanosensitive channels that open in response to membrane deformation have multiple functions especially in sensory systems such as touch and hair cell mechanoelectrical transduction. A large number of genetic diseases have been traced to mutations in various channels. For example, mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel is the cause of cystic fibrosis. Many of the other channelopathies have been linked to changes in the channels that gate either the entry or the release of Ca2 + .
A critical review of internet information about depression.

OBJECTIVE The source and quality of information about depression available on the Internet were examined. METHODS Online searches using the phrase "depression and treatment" were conducted on ten major Internet search engines. The first 20 sites generated by each engine were examined. The Web sites and the individual Web pages they contained were categorized by source, target audience, and affiliation with either a for-profit or a not-for-profit organization. Each site was rated by whether it mentioned the nine symptoms and five major criteria of a major depressive episode and whether it made any of three basic treatment recommendations. Ratings were compared to determine whether treatment differences between the sites could be attributed to the site's source. RESULTS The search generated a total of 178 active sites. Overall, the quality of information was poor. Only half of the sites mentioned any DSM-IV diagnostic symptom or criteria in their descriptions of depression, and only a quarter listed 11 to 14 symptoms or criteria. Almost half of the sites made no mention of medications, psychotherapy, or professional consultation as suggested treatments for depression. Almost two-thirds of the pages were found on for-profit sites. Documents from these sites scored lower on diagnostic accuracy and treatment recommendations than those from not-for-profit sites. CONCLUSIONS The quality of information on the Internet produced by the search was quite low. For-profit Web sites appeared much more frequently than not-for-profit sites among the first 20 sites generated by each search engine, and they contained poorer information.