Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Circumstellar ammonia in oxygen-rich evolved stars

The circumstellar ammonia (NH$_3$) chemistry in evolved stars is poorly understood. Previous observations and modelling showed that NH$_3$ abundance in oxygen-rich stars is several orders of magnitude above that predicted by equilibrium chemistry. In this article, we characterise the spatial distribution and excitation of NH$_3$ in the O-rich circumstellar envelopes (CSEs) of four diverse targets: IK Tau, VY CMa, OH 231.8+4.2, and IRC +10420 with multi-wavelength observations. We observed the 1.3-cm inversion line emission with the Very Large Array (VLA) and submillimetre rotational line emission with the Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared (HIFI) aboard Herschel from all four targets. For IK Tau and VY CMa, we observed the rovibrational absorption lines in the $\nu_2$ band near 10.5 $\mu$m with the Texas Echelon Cross Echelle Spectrograph (TEXES) at the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF). We also attempted to search for the rotational transition within the $v_2=1$ state near 2 mm with the IRAM 30m Telescope towards IK Tau. Non-LTE radiative transfer modelling, including radiative pumping to the vibrational state, was carried out to derive the radial distribution of NH$_3$ in these CSEs. Our modelling shows that the NH$_3$ abundance relative to molecular hydrogen is generally of the order of $10^{-7}$, which is a few times lower than previous estimates that were made without considering radiative pumping and is at least 10 times higher than that in the C-rich CSE of IRC +10216. Incidentally, we also derived a new period of IK Tau from its $V$-band light curve. NH$_3$ is again detected in very high abundance in O-rich CSEs. Its emission mainly arises from localised spatial-kinematic structures that are probably denser than the ambient gas. Circumstellar shocks in the accelerated wind may contribute to the production of NH$_3$. (Abridged abstract)
Building Brand Through B2B Route—Del Monte in India

Del Monte, a global food and beverage company, entered into Indian market in 2008. Del Monte established Joint Venture with Field Fresh which at that time dealt in exports of agricultural fresh produce. Yogesh Bellani, CEO of Field Fresh had the responsibility of establishing the Del Monte brand in India. Yogesh faced lots of challenges as there was very little brand awareness of the company and also there were many established players in the market. Del Monte first launched canned pineapples to be followed by canned fruit juices. Yogesh started building Del Monte brand on quality and timely delivery. Yogesh targeted big quick service restaurants (QSRs) like Dominos, Sub Way, MacDonald, Pizza Hut and Burger King for supplying its products. This was a unique way of establishing the brand through B2B route. After having established the brand through B2B route, Yogesh targeted B2C market. Del Monte launched several new products like tomato ketchup, entire Italian category, and eggless mayonnaise through modern trade route. In initial years, Yogesh established the brand and created revenue for the company. Subsequently he focussed on improving the profitability. His current challenge was to manage both which are conflicting in nature. He was also thinking of brand repositioning for future growth.
Networks Matter ? Tracing Network Structure Online

Addressing the effects of the Internet on social, economic and political organization has become a common academic pursuit among social scientists. The “science” of networks and the scholarly popularity of network analysis have gained increasing relevance in the last decade as traditionally disparate academic disciplines have joined analytical forces to explain the complexity of social organization in the context of globalization, information technology, global civil society and the modernization of the policy process. The emergence of the Internet as a laboratory of human activity has provided analysts with a new set of empirical tools by which to test theoretical models of social and political behaviour with data extrapolated from the regularities of online organization and information exchange. This recent academic convergence around the new science of networks has produced an exciting body of evidence from which political science will surely profit. However, the discipline’s ability to navigate the Internet and draw insight from the wealth of human information on the Web remains in the earliest stages of development. This research note takes tentative steps towards understanding Web-based politics and policy making through an examination of virtual policy networks ~VPNs! in Canada. The methodological approach used in the VPN discovery process is of particular interest to scholars studying policy communities. The method applies network analysis to large n data sets, generating precise results
Inventory of Rating Duplicate Applications

Ranking fraud inside the mobile App market refers to dishonest or deceptive activities that have a purpose of bumping up the Apps inside the standard list. Indeed, it becomes further and extra frequent for App developers to use shady suggests that, like inflating their Apps’ sales or posting phony App ratings, to commit ranking fraud. Specifically, specifically leading sessions, of mobile Apps. Such leading sessions will be leveraged for police work the native anomaly rather than international anomaly of App rankings. Moreover, we have a tendency to investigate 3 styles of evidences, i.e., ranking primarily based evidences, rating primarily based evidences and review based evidences, by modeling Apps’ ranking, rating and review behaviors through applied mathematics hypotheses tests. Additionally, we have a tendency to propose associate degree improvement primarily based aggregation methodology to integrate all the evidences for fraud detection. Finally, we have a tendency to measure the projected system with real-world App information collected from the iOS App Store for an extended period. Within the experiments, we have a tendency to validate the effectiveness of the projected system, and show the quantifiability of the detection formula furthermore as some regularity of ranking fraud activities.
Evaluation of the Water Treatment Technology for the Removal of Malathion: Endocrine Disruptor Chemical

Endocrine disruptor chemicals have become major concern to the public, as they impair hormonal functioning and leads to innumerable adverse effects on humans and wildlife. Endocrine distruptor chemicals include plasticizers, metals, food antioxidants and pesticides. Malathion is one of the most potent pesticide which is known to produce adverse effects on human health. Although, malathion has amazing benefits on crops but its regular usage is leading to problems including surface water pollution. Thus, the removal of such EDCs from water has become a necessity. The conventional water treatment processes may be inadequate for reducing certain EDCs as they present great diversity of structural and chemical properties. In the present study, coagulation and flocculation process has been evaluated for the removal of malathion from water. Conventional jar test was employed, by taking different malathion concentration (0 ppm-10 ppm), varying turbidity groups (10-300 NTU), different coagulant dose (25 mg//L-200 mg/L) and flocculant dose (10-30mg/ml) at different contact times of 30 min, 60 min and 90 min. Although, significant reduction of malathion (78%) was observed at 100mg/L of coagulant dose at low turbidity levels at 90 min. But it was found that higher concentrations of malathion could not be removed below the permissible limit at any of the coagulant and flocculant dose. In the case of flocculants 30 mg/ml was the appropriate dose found for the malathion removal. Overall the result of the current study suggests that conventional coagulation/flocculation processes need further improvement and optimisation to remove malathion from water.
Phenotypic pattern over centric fusion clinal variation in the water-hyacinth grasshopper, Cornops aquaticum (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

The water-hyacinth grasshopper, Cornops aquaticum, occurs in freshwater environments in the New World between latitudes 23Â°N and 35Â°S. At the southernmost margin of this distribution the populations are polymorphic for three centric fusions (Robertsonian translocations). The frequencies of these chromosome rearrangements increase southwards and the recombination in structural homozygotes and heterozygotes diminishes both along the middle and lower courses of the ParanĂĄ River. In the present paper we report a similar cline along the southward flowing Uruguay River. In addition, we report the morphological effects of two of these centric fusion polymorphisms, namely the fusions between chromosomes 2 and 5 of the standard complement (fusion 2/5) and chromosomes 3 and 4 (fusion 3/4) and extend this study to the Uruguay River. There is a strong inverse correlation of fusion frequency with temperature, which indicates that these polymorphisms may be related to increased tolerance of colder climates in this originally tropical species, or some other correlated variable. This study is a further example of chromosomal clines correlated with latitude and is one of a few examples of chromosome polymorphisms associated with phenotypic effects. Finally, it indicates ways of using this species for controlling pests.
The Income Elasticity of Meat: A Meta-Analysis

The demand for meat has been estimated by many studies utilizing various data and estimation methods. In this study, we perform a meta-analysis of the income elasticity of meat that involves regressing 3357 estimated income elasticities, collected from 393 studies, on variables that control for study characteristics. Across several meta-regression specifications, we find significant differences in income elasticities tied to the type of meat being studied, as well as a few functional forms, data aggregations, publication characteristics, and locations of demand. However, many study characteristics do not significantly influence reported income elasticities. Less concern should be given to such characteristics when choosing an income elasticity from the literature.
IMPACT OF EGG SIZE AND ORIGIN ON THE COURSE AND PERIOD OF SEA TROUT (SALMO TRUTTA L.) HATCHING

A comparison was made of the incubation period and the dynamics of the hatching of the offspring of three groups of fish (brown trout, sea trout that had smoltified, sea trout that had not smoltified) that were reared under the same conditions and spawned on the same day. The length of the incubation period differed ranging from 304 to 376°D among the offspring of individual fish as well as among the fish groups. The eggs of brown trout developed the most slowly (average 347°D), while those of the smoltified sea trout developed the quickest (average 336°D). No dependence was determined between incubation period and egg size. The longer the incubation period was, the shorter the entire hatching period was, but its peak was more extended lasting from 5 to 34°D. The duration of the hatching peak decreased as the average egg size increased.
Structural and Optical Properties of Spray Coated Carbon Hybrid Materials Applied to Transparent and Flexible Electrodes

Transparent and flexible electrodes were fabricated with cost-effective spray coating technique on polyethylene terephthalate foil substrates. Particularly designed paint compositions contained mixtures of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and graphene platelets to achieve their desired rheology and electrooptical layers parameters. Electrodes were prepared in standard technological conditions without the need of clean rooms or high temperature processing. The sheet resistance and optical transmittance of fabricated layers were tuned with the number of coatings; then the most suitable relation of these parameters was designated through the figure of merit. Optical measurements were performed in the range of wavelengths from 250 to 2500 nm with a spectrophotometer with the integration sphere. Spectral dependence of total and diffusive optical transmission for thin films with graphene platelet covered by multiwalled carbon nanotubes was designated which allowed determining the relative absorbance. Layer parameters such as thickness, refractive index, energy gap, and effective reflectance coefficient show the correlation of electrooptical properties with the technological conditions. Moreover the structural properties of fabricated layers were examined by means of the X-ray diffraction.
Design & Development of Secure and Efficient Data Transmission Protocols for Cluster Based WSNs

Secure data transmission is a critical issue for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Clustering is an effective and practical way to enhance the system performance of WSNs. In this research paper, we study a secure data transmission for cluster-based WSNs (CWSNs), where the clusters are formed dynamically and periodically. We propose two Secure and Efficient data Transmission (SET) protocols for CWSNs, called SET-IBS and SET-IBOOS, by using the Identity-Based digital Signature (IBS) scheme and the Identity-Based Online/Offline digital Signature (IBOOS) scheme, respectively. In SET-IBS, security relies on the hardness of the Difﬁe-Hellman problem in the pairing domain. SET-IBOOS further reduces the computational overhead for protocol security, which is crucial for WSNs, while its security relies on the hardness of the discrete logarithm problem. We show the feasibility of the SET-IBS and SET-IBOOS protocols with respect to the security requirements and security analysis against various attacks. The calculations and simulations are provided to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed protocols. The results show that the proposed protocols have better performance than the existing secure protocols for CWSNs, in terms of security overhead and energy consumption. KEYWORDS: Wireless sensor network (WSN); Identity-Based Online/Offline digital Signature (IBOOS); Secure and Efficient data Transmission (SET); Condition-Based Maintenance (CBM)
Using nutrient utilization patterns to determine the source of Escherichia coli found in surface water

Identifying the sources of fecal contaminants in surface water bodies such as rivers, lakes and beaches is of importance for environmental safety, public health safety, food safety and regulatory purposes. Nutrient utilization patterns (NUPs) were used as a bacterial source tracking technique to identify the possible sources of fecal coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli in Silver Lake, Delaware County, Iowa. A total of three hundred (300) E. coli isolates collected from different sources (water, birds, geese, cattle, hogs and soil contaminated by feces) were analyzed. A database was built from these isolates by using discriminant analysis to identify the nutrient utilization patterns that best classify all 300 isolates by source. The average rate of correct classification by source was 89.5% when applying the nutrient utilization patterns database. After this verification, the NUP for E. coli isolates from Silver Lake water were measured. Based on the NUPs of the Silver Lake isolates, 73.1% were found to originate from cattle and hogs. Smaller percentages were predicted to be coming from birds and geese. None of the isolates were predicted to be originating from the human source. The results indicate that livestock are the primary contributors to fecal pollution in this hypereutrophic Iowa lake. Keywords: Nutrient utilization patterns, Escherichia coli , bacterial source tracking, Silver Lake, Delaware, Iowa
Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements

In this paper, we present the dual boundary element method (dual-BEM) or single-domain BEM to analyze the mixed three-dimensional (3D) stress intensity factors (SIFs) in a finite and transversely isotropic solid containing an internal square crack. The planes of both the transverse isotropy and square crack can be oriented arbitrarily with respect to a fixed global coordinate system. A set of four special nine-node quadrilateral elements are utilized to approximate the crack front as well as the outer boundary, and the mixed 3D SIFs are evaluated using the asymptotic relation between the SIFs and the relative crack opening displacements (COD) via the Barnett–Lothe tensor. Numerical examples are presented for a cracked cuboid which is transversely isotropic with any given orientation and is under a uniform vertical traction on its top and bottom surfaces. The square crack is located in the center of the cuboid but is oriented arbitrarily. Our results show that among the selected material and crack orientations, the mode-I SIF reaches the largest possible value when the material inclined angle c1 1⁄4 451 and dig angle b1 1⁄4 451, and the crack inclined angle c2 1⁄4 01 and dig angle b2 1⁄4 01. It is further observed that when the crack is oriented vertically or nearly vertically, the mode-I SIF becomes negative, indicating that the crack closes due to an overall compressive loading normal to the crack surface. Variation of the SIFs for modes II and III along the crack fronts also shows some interesting features for different combinations of the material and crack orientations. & 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Critical Success Factors of Sustainable Competitive Advantage: A Study in Malaysian Manufacturing Industries

To develop a theory relating to SCA, one needs to define the measurement criteria for SCA. In recent times, although there were many researches that were undertaken focusing in the area of Sustainable Competitive Advantage (SCA), there is still, however, a lack of an operational definition for SCA. There is no one agreed upon method for evaluating sustainable competitive advantage for business organizations and hence the measurement criteria for SCA have not been established despite the extensive focus in the area. In the past, performance indicators such as profitability or market share have always been used to justify the determinants of the SCA. Should both the factors play a leading role in determining the SCA, what about other auxiliary or peripheral factors that could be a contributing point? There should be a quantitative numerical value that depicts the sustainability of a manufacturing organization. The key objectives of this study are to examine the definition and the various viewpoints on Sustainable Competitive Advantage and subsequently to develop a measurement criterion that represents Sustainable Competitive Advantage. Given such kind of scenario, the initial step would be to develop or create an operational definition for SCA. This paper hence is an attempt to explore the various viewpoints on literatures on Sustainable Competitive Advantage and to develop dimensions that represents Sustainable Competitive Advantage. We conceptualized a framework to evaluate the influence of four variables namely; Effective Supply Chain Management (2) Product differentiation and Innovation, (3) Organizational responsiveness; and (4) Cost Leadership. The study is based on empirical data collected from a survey of managers of Malaysian manufacturing industries. The data were collected through an email survey, and had 300 valid responses. The analysis shows that all the four hypotheses were supported. The findings of this study would assist in defining a more precise way of achieving a sustainable competitive advantage in Malaysian manufacturing industries.
Multi-Laminate Rate-Dependent Modelling of Static and Dynamic Concrete Behavior through Damage Formulation

Mathematical simulation of the nonlinear tri-dimensional mechanical behavior of quasi-brittle materials like concrete is one of the biggest challenges in the engineering science. It is vital to have the knowledge of the response of concrete specimens subjected to low and high strain rate deformation for the analysis of concrete structures under the static and dynamic loading cases. The behavior of this material is generally known to be strain rate sensitive. Among phenomena of different orientation, the multi plane models, like multi-laminate models using a constitutive equation in a vectorial form rather than tensorial form by means of capturing interactions, can meet this goal adequately. This paper suggests a robust rate dependent damage based model in the multi-planes framework accomplished with minimum parameters for calibration and appropriate for engineering purposes. This damage formulation has been built on the basis of two types of essential damage, axial damage and shear damage, that basically can happen on each sampling plane and based on this concept two new axial and shear damage functions are proposed. Model verification has been studied under different compressive and tensile loading rates, comparing the results of the proposed model with the experimental data and Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion envelope line.
Physiology of lactation and machine milking in dromedary she-camel

Dromedary camels have the capability and the genetic potential to achieve high levels of milk production. However, systematic breeding programs to increase milk production are not common in this species. Dromedary camels are not well adapted to machine milking. Milk removal obviously requires in most farms a pre-stimulation through calf suckling before the milking machine can completely harvest the stored milk. In camels, most of the milk is stored in the alveolar compartment (>90-95%) of the udder. Therefore, almost no milk can be obtained in the absence of milk ejection. In addition, the morphological, anatomical and physiological properties of the camel udder are complex and not fully understood. Because of all biological and economical limitations related to machine milking dromedary camels are mostly hand-milked. The introduction of machine milking makes only slow progress and is limited to intensive dairy camel farms in a few countries. Machine milking of dromedary camels showed so far acceptable results. However, some studies clearly showed that udder emptying by machine milking with the available equipment is not satisfactory. The amount of residual milk after machine milking is high and was up to 30 % or even more of the stored milk in some studies. This means that the used machine needs to be improved to fit the camel's udder. Nevertheless, some studies clearly showed that a major proportion of dromedary camels have a suitable machine milking ability.
Can Orchards Help Connect Mediterranean Ecosystems? Animal Movement Data Alter Conservation Priorities

Abstract As natural habitats become fragmented by human activities, animals must increasingly move through human-dominated systems, particularly agricultural landscapes. Mapping areas important for animal movement has therefore become a key part of conservation planning. Models of landscape connectivity are often parameterized using expert opinion and seldom distinguish between the risks and barriers presented by different crop types. Recent research, however, suggests different crop types, such as row crops and orchards, differ in the degree to which they facilitate or impede species movements. Like many mammalian carnivores, bobcats (Lynx rufus) are sensitive to fragmentation and loss of connectivity between habitat patches. We investigated how distinguishing between different agricultural land covers might change conclusions about the relative conservation importance of different land uses in a Mediterranean ecosystem. Bobcats moved relatively quickly in row crops but relatively slowly in orchards, at rates similar to those in natural habitats of woodlands and scrub. We found that parameterizing a connectivity model using empirical data on bobcat movements in agricultural lands and other land covers, instead of parameterizing the model using habitat suitability indices based on expert opinion, altered locations of predicted animal movement routes. These results emphasize that differentiating between types of agriculture can alter conservation planning outcomes.