Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Right portal vein ligation combined with in situ splitting induces rapid left lateral liver lobe hypertrophy enabling 2-staged extended right hepatic resection in small-for-size settings.

W e read with great interest the original article by Schnitzbauer et al,1 introducing a novel surgical procedure in oncological liver resection. This surgical approach has been devised for patients with initially unresectable liver malignancies because of too small future liver remnant. Using this procedure, the future liver remnant volume considerably increased only in a mean of 9 days (the median increased future liver remnant volume of 74%) and all patients (n = 25) succeeded in completion of the extended major hepatectomy. Thus, this procedure may be able to overcome the shortcomings of “conventional” two-stage hepatectomy.2–4 It has been known that the major reason for failure of two-stage hepatectomy is tumor progression during a waiting period of future liver remnant hypertrophy after portal vein occlusion. 5, 6 Therefore, this may be a groundbreaking surgical procedure resulting in an increased number of patients who could benefit from surgical treatment despite initially unresectable hepatic malignancies due to too small future liver remnant volume. Owing to the complexity of this procedure, however, it should be used with caution in clinical practice. The incidence of severe morbidity after this procedure is considerably high (27 events occurred in 9 of 25 patients; 36%), and a particularly high incidence rate of postoperative biliary fistula requiring percutaneous drainage is worthy of special mention (5 of 25 patients; 20%). Furthermore, 20% of patients who underwent hepaticojejunostomy required relaparotomy because of biliary leakage. Such a high rate of biliary complications may result from the complexity of procedures, suggesting that this procedure may not be applicable to patients requiring biliary reconstruction. In patients with hep-
Antibiotic Consumption, Bacterial Resistance and their Correlation in a Swiss University Hospital and its Adult Intensive Care Units

Ecological surveys of high-antibiotic use areas in the hospital should be used to evaluate patterns and trends in order to optimise antibiotic consumption and minimise resistance. We conducted a retrospective cohort study with the aim to examine trends in antimicrobial consumption and bacterial susceptibility at the Geneva University Hospital and its adult ICUs between 1996 and 2000. The average annual consumption of antimicrobials was 400 d-defined doses (DDD)/1000 patient-d in the entire hospital, 462 in the surgical ICU and 683 in the medical ICU. In the medical ICU, we observed a steady decrease of intravenous antimicrobial use, whereas a 25% increase in the total antimicrobial consumption was noted in 1999 and 2000 for the entire hospital. The proportion of different bacterial species, resistance rates and antibiotic consumption rates differed between the entire hospital and the ICUs, with moderate variation between y. Possible relationships between antibiotic consumption and resistance rates, expressed as DDD and as number of resistant isolates per 1000 patient-d respectively, were calculated for of the most frequently isolated bacteria (total 71 correlations). Statistically significant positive correlations between antibiotic consumption and resistance were found in Escherichia coli for piperacillin, in Pseudomonas aeruginosa for piperacillin, cephalosporins and aminoglycosides, in Klebsiella spp. for cephalosporin, in coagulase-negative staphylococci for gentamicin and in Streptococcus pneumoniae for penicillin.
Carbohydrate metabolism in the mosquito pathogen Bacillus sphaericus 2362

Bacillus sphaericus 2362 is pathogenic for mosquito larvae and is being considered for large-scale production as a larvicide. The inability of the bacteria to metabolize carbohydrates requires that they be grown on proteinaceous media. This bacterium was found to be unable to transport glucose or sucrose into the cell, and it lacked glucokinase and hexokinase activity. In addition, it lacked phosphoglucose isomerase, phosphofructokinase, and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, which are early enzymes of the Embden-Myerhof-Parnas and hexose monophosphate pathways. The presence of other enzymes in these pathways was indicated by assay, by the metabolism of glycerol to acetate, and by growth on acetate and gluconate as sole carbon sources. Critical enzymes of the Entner-Doudoroff pathway were also shown to be absent.
Structure of the high voltage phase of layered P2-Na2/3−z[Mn1/2Fe1/2]O2 and the positive effect of Ni substitution on its stability

A combination of operando X-ray diffraction, pair distribution function (PDF) analysis coupled with electrochemical measurements and Mossbauer spectroscopy elucidates the nature of the phase transitions induced by insertion and extraction of sodium ions in P2-Na0.67[NiyMn0.5+yFe0.5−2y]O2 (y = 0, 0.10, 0.15). When phase transitions are avoided, the optimal cathode material – P2-Na0.67Fe0. 2Mn0.65Ni0.15O2 – delivers 25% more energy than the unsubstituted material, sustaining high specific energy (350 Wh kg−1) at moderate rates and maintains 80% of the original energy density after 150 cycles – a significant improvement in performance vs. the unsubstituted analogue. The crystal structure of the high voltage phase is solved for the first time by X-ray PDF analysis of P2-Na0.67−zFe0.5Mn0.5O2 (where z ∼ 0.5), revealing that migration of the transition metals – particularly Fe3+ – into tetrahedral sites in the interlayer space occurs at high potential. This results in new short range order between two adjacent layers. Although the transition metal migration is reversible as proven by electrochemical performance, it induces a large disfavourable cell polarization. The deleterious high voltage transition is mitigated by substitution of Fe3+ by Mn4+/Ni2+, giving rise to better cycling performance. Moreover, as demonstrated by 57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy, the much lower ratio of Fe4+O6 to Fe3+O6 observed systematically across the range of Ni content – compared to the values expected from a purely ionic model – suggests redox activity involves the O-2p orbitals owing to their overlap with the transition metal-3d orbitals.
Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists in the treatment of breast cancer

This article reviews the use of luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists in pre- or perimenopausal women with hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer. Estimates of efficacy from systematic reviews, based on several randomized trials, are provided. These show that LHRH agonists can reduce the risk of recurrence and death, and can be an alternative to chemotherapy, particularly for women who would like to avoid early menopause. The benefits can be seen 10 or 15 years later. The main side effects – hot flashes and reduction in bone density – often recede once treatment stops. Ongoing research will provide information about LHRH agonists when used with modern chemotherapy regimens and aromatase inhibitors.
On the microassembly of integral membrane proteins.

CONTENTS PERSPECTIVES AND OVERVIEW . 370 PROCEDURES . 371 Hydvophobicity Anctlysis . 371 Choice ofProteins . 373 RF~SULTS . 374 ldent~J~ying Putative Transmembrane Se,qments and Estimatin.q Their Hydrophobicity 374 Number and IIydrophobicity of Putative Transmembrane ~-Helices as a Function of Protein Localization a d Function . 382 Number and Hydrophobicity of Transmembrane Segments in Organelle InnerMembrane Proteins Dependiny on Site of Synlt~esis . 383 o~scuss~o~ . 387 The Microassembly of Integral Membrane Proteins in Or, qanelles . 387 Other Membranes . 395 Displacing the Synthexix of Integral Membrane Proteins from Organelles to the Cytoplasm . 397 CONCLUSXON . 399
Reference values of arterial oxygen tension in the middle-aged and elderly.

The lack of available reference values of arterial PO2, particularly for elderly persons, led us to study a sample of 194 normal nonsmoking subjects, equally distributed over all age ranges from 40 to 90 yr. The radial artery was punctured and blood samples were taken and analyzed on an automated, computerized gas-analyzer. The trend of the mean values of PaO2 in the 5-yr class intervals of age showed a clear decline up to the 70- to 74-yr class, and then an inversion. The two regression lines intersecting at this point provided a better fit to the data than did a single regression line (R22 - R12 = 0.918 - 0.678 = 0.24; F = 20.49, p = 0.0027). The relationship of PaO2 with age was thus subsequently considered for the two subgroups (40 to 74 yr; > or = 75 yr) identified on the basis of this cutoff. Because of the significant influence on Pao2 of age, body-mass index (BMI), and PaCO2 in the group 40 to 74 yr of age, the following reference equation was constructed: Pao2 (mm Hg) = 143.6 - (0.39 . age) - (0.56 . BMI) - (0.57 . PaCO2); R2 = 0.28; SEE = 7.48; p < 0.0001. For subjects > or = 75 yr old, for whom there was no correlation with age, BMI, or PaCO2, only the mean +/- SD and 5th percentile of PaO2 were reported (83.4 +/- 9.15 mm Hg and 68.4 mm Hg, respectively). PaCO2 values were not correlated with either age or BMI; the mean +/- SD was 35.79 +/- 3.87 mm Hg. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
High Quality of Diabetes Care Based Upon Individualised Treatment Goals - A Cross Sectional Study in 4784 Patients in Germany.

OBJECTIVE Recent guidelines recommend an individualized approach towards patients with diabetes mellitus. Data of a programme dealing with quality of diabetes care, "Diabetes TÜV" of the Deutsche BKK was reappraised in the light of recent evidence applying these recommendations. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data originates from a population-based study in primary diabetes care in Germany. Patients with diabetes mellitus insured by the Deutsche BKK were invited to participate. From 2000 to 2004 data of 4 784 patients participated. Double or multiple visits were not included. HbA1c was analysed in 0.5% categories and in age groups below and above 70 years. HbA1c was DCCT adjusted. RESULTS A total of 368 patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) (42% women, HbA1c 54 mmol/mol (7.1%), BP 136/79 mmHg) and 4 416 patients with diabetes type 2 (DM2) (44% women, HbA1c 48.6 mmol/mol (6.6%), BP 142/81 mmHg) were included. ). An HbA1c of 53 mmol/mol (7%) or less was found in 70%, less than 64 mmol/mol (8%) in 87% of all patients, and higher than 86 mmol/mol (10%) in 2.8%. The detailed analysis shows that an HbA1c of <=47.6 mmol/mol (6.5%) is achieved of 38% of people with DM1 and 56% with DM2, an HbA1c <=66 mmol/mol (8.0%) of 79% and 88%, respectively.The mean systolic blood pressure (BP) was 142 mmHg, the diastolic BP was 81 mmHg. Systolic BP increased with age (systolic BP: < 50 years 131 mmHg; 50-70 years 142 mmHg; > 70 years 144 mmHg/diastolic BP: < 50 years 81 mmHg; 50-70 years 82 mmHg; > 70 years 80 mmHg). Using WHO grading, BP is mainly mildly elevated (grade 1: 41% (n=1942); grade 2, 17% (n=820) grade 3 6% (n=281). In 10 patients (0.2%) HbA1c above 86 mmol/mol (10.0%) coincides with a BP WHO grade 3. CONCLUSIONS In recent years new evidence is available regarding treatment targets. The reappraisal of a cross sectional study of a quality assurance programme of a German health insurance in a differentiated way demonstrates that more than 2/3 of the people with diabetes mellitus meet their specific goals. Only very few patients are at imminent risk due to bad glycaemic control and high blood pressure. Old patients may be at risk of overtreatment. Strategies aiming at adapting pharmacological interventions in older patients must be conceived.
Inhibition of Respiratory Virus Infections of Mice with Aerosols of Synthetic Double-Stranded Ribonucleic Acid

Aerosols of double-stranded complexes of polyinosinic and polycytidylic acids (poly I:C) were useful in protecting mice infected with aerosols of influenza (A2/Taiwan/64) and parainfluenza type 1 (Sendai) viruses. Administration of poly I:C as an aerosol offers an advantage, particularly in therapy, by eliminating the risk of pulmonary dissemination of viral infections due to intranasally instilled fluids. Treatment of mice with aerosols of poly I:C reduced the infection rate with influenza virus but did not inhibit virus multiplication in the lungs of most of those animals where infection became established. Sendai virus infection rates were undiminished in mice treated with poly I:C, but lung-virus titers were significantly suppressed as compared with those of untreated animals. The maximum poly I:C doses (40 μg) administered by aerosol produced no evidence of toxicity in the mice.
Grooming, social bonding, and agonistic aiding in rhesus monkeys

An analysis of simultaneous grooming bouts in a captive group of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) failed to provide evidence of competition to groom high ranking partners. Not only were grooming supplantations rare, but the highest ranking individuals performing grooming did not groom the highest ranking animals receiving grooming. Lower ranking partners, however, did more grooming in nonkin dyads. Grooming partners aided one another in agonistic episodes, but the individual receiving the aid did not groom the individual providing the aid more than vice versa. Kin dyads did aid and groom one another at greater than expected rates, but the aider did not receive the greater proportion of grooming in the dyad. Males participated in more grooming than expected, but their grooming was not related to aiding either with regard to one another or female partners. Animals that were targeted in joint aggression, or aided against, received significantly less grooming from their opponents. A general social relationship expressed in partner preferences, social grooming, and agonistic aiding better explained the observed pattern than any model based on the exchange of services for favors in different currencies. Am. J. Primatol. 51:177–186, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Burkholderia monticola sp. nov., isolated from mountain soil.

An ivory/yellow, Gram-stain-negative, short-rod-shaped, aerobic bacterial strain, designated JC2948(T), was isolated from a soil sample taken from Gwanak Mountain, Republic of Korea. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain JC2948(T) belongs to the genus Burkholderia. The test strain showed highest sequence similarities to Burkholderia tropica LMG 22274(T) (97.6 %), Burkholderia acidipaludis NBRC 101816(T) (97.5 %), Burkholderia tuberum LMG 21444(T) (97.5 %), Burkholderia sprentiae LMG 27175(T) (97.4 %), Burkholderia terricola LMG 20594(T) (97.3 %) and Burkholderia diazotrophica LMG 26031(T) (97.1 %). Based on average nucleotide identity (ANI) values, the new isolate represents a novel genomic species as it shows less than 90 % ANI values with other closely related species. Also, other phylosiological and biochemical comparisons allowed the phenotypic differentiation of strain JC2948(T) from other members of the genus Burkholderia. Therefore, we suggest that this strain should be classified as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Burkholderia. The name Burkholderia monticola sp. nov. (type strain, JC2948(T) = JCM 19904(T) = KACC 17924(T)) is proposed.
Quantitative analysis of mitotic Olig2 cells in adult human brain and gliomas: Implications for glioma histogenesis and biology

The capacity of adult human glial progenitor cells (AGPs), to proliferate and undergo multipotent differentiation, positions them as ideal candidate cells of origin for human gliomas. To investigate this potential role we identified AGPs as mitotically active Olig2 cells in nonneoplastic adult human brain and gliomas. We conservatively estimated that one in 5,000 human temporal lobe neocortical gray or subcortical white matter cells is mitotic. Extrapolating from a mean Olig2/Mib‐1 labeling index (LI) of 52% and total cell number of 100 billion, we estimated the overall prevalence of mitotic Olig2 AGPs in nonneoplastic human brain parenchyma at 10 million. These data identify a large reservoir of Olig2 AGPs which could be potential targets for human gliomagenesis. The vast majority of mitotic cells in Grade II and Grade III gliomas of all histologic subtypes expressed Olig2 (mean LI 75%) but rarely S100B (LI 0.6%), identifying the Olig2 cell as a distinct contributor to the proliferating cell population of human gliomas of both oligodendroglial and astrocytic lineages. In the most malignant Grade IV glioma, or glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the prevalence of Olig2/Mib‐1 cells was significantly decreased (24.5%). The significantly lower Olig2/Mib‐1 LI in GBMs suggests that a decrease in the prevalence of Olig2 cells to the total mitotic cell pool accompanies increasing malignancy. The novel framework provided by this quantitative and comparative analysis supports future studies to examine the histogenetic role of Olig2 AGPs in adult gliomas, their potential contribution to the tumor stroma and the molecular role of Olig2 in glioma pathogenesis. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Density, Serotype Diversity, and Fitness of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Upper Respiratory Tract Cocolonization With Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae.

BACKGROUND Coinfections by Streptococcus pneumoniae and nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) are frequently implicated in complex otitis media. Whereas upper respiratory tract carriage precedes disease for both pathogens, interactions between species in cocolonized hosts are poorly understood. We compared colonization densities and the diversity and fitness of pneumococcal serotypes in single-species and mixed-species colonization. METHODS We analyzed nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage and nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal NTHi carriage in 13 541 samples collected over 6909 study visits from 769 children 2-30 months old in a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine dosing trial. We measured density associations between the species and compared pneumococcal serotype diversity during and in the absence of NTHi colonization. We used logistic regression to quantify associations between NTHi colonization and previously published pneumococcal serotype factors related to fitness. RESULTS Densities of the 2 species were positively associated when they co-occur in the nasopharynx. NTHi colonization was associated with reduced pneumococcal serotype diversity among children 2-18 months old and was more prevalent among children carrying pneumococcal serotypes with greater capsular thickness, neutrophil resistance, and metabolic efficiency. CONCLUSIONS Pneumococcal-NTHi cocolonization is associated with an elevated density of both species and with reduced diversity and increased fitness of pneumococcal serotypes. NTHi colonization may create a selective environment favoring pneumococci with immune-evasive phenotypes.
Population Ecology of Some Warblers of Northeastern Coniferous Forests

Wahrscheinlichkeit-Rechnung. Proc. Tokyo Mathem. Phys. Soc. , 2nd Ser. , 8: 556-564. Miyasita, K. 1955. Some consideration on the population fluctuation of the rice stem borer. (In Japanese.) Bull. Nat. Inst. Agr. Sci., Japan, C, 5: 99-109. Schwerdtfeger, F. 1935. Uber die Populationsdichte von Bupalus piniarius, Panolis flammea, Dendrolin is pini, Sphinx pinastri und ihren zeitlichen Wechsel. Z. Forst-u. Jagdwesen, 67: 449-482, 513-540. 1954. Grundsitzliches zur Populationsdynamik der Tiere, insbesondere der Insekten. Allgem. Forst-u. Jagdzeitung. 125: 200-209. Smith, H. S. 1935. The role of biotic factors in the determination of population densities. T. Econ. Ent. , 28: 873-898.
On the Design and Analysis of Transport Protocols over Wireless Sensor Networks

Sensor networks are typically data driven where the whole network cooperates in communicating data from source sensors to sinks (typical repository/server). One of the main characteristics of a typical sensor node is the limited power supply it has (Kahn et al., 1999). Usually, it is battery operated which might last for some months to a year (depending on the type of application and other application specifications). Sensing nodes typically exhibit limited capabilities in terms of processing, communication, and especially, power (Pottie et al., 2000). Different application would have different constraints and priorities on how their sensor network must behave. Thus, energy conservation is of prime consideration in sensor network protocols in order to maximize the network's operational lifetime. Rather than sending individual data items from sensors to sinks, it is more energy efficient to send aggregated data. The net effect of this aggregation is, by transmitting less data units, considerable energy savings can be achieved which is the main idea behind in-network (Madden et al., 2002) aggregation and further distributed processing of the data. Since enabling communication between sensors and sinks is the major role of sensor networks, many research works [Gopalsamy et al., 2002] have investigated energy-aware data delivery. However, sensor networks experience wireless errors and congestion more severely than other wireless networks because of the low capability to recover from losses and the high node-density. Therefore, robustness is also important to energy conservation since unreliable data delivery, which increases the probability of data retransmission under high loss rates, results in the consumption of a large amount of energy. Although the problem has been addressed by previous works [Heinzelman et al., 1999 & Ye et al., 2003] in the context of wireless ad-hoc networks, such approaches cannot be directly applied to the sensor environment. Because of the distinctive characteristics of multipoint-to-point communication vs. point-to-multipoint communication, the data delivery problem in sensor networks can be seen as consisting of two problems: downstream and upstream data delivery. Therefore, we address these problems as two separate ones. Firstly, a sink-tosensors energy-aware data delivery scheme is proposed to solve the downstream problem while considering robustness simultaneously. Secondly, a sensors-to-sink energy-aware data delivery scheme is proposed to address the upstream problem. 1
Evaluation of MALDI Biotyper Mycobacteria Library v3.0 for Identification of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

ABSTRACT Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has demonstrated its ability to promptly identify nontuberculous mycobacteria using the Mycobacteria Library v2.0. However, some species are particularly difficult to identify reliably using this database, providing a low log(score). In this study, the identification power of an updated Mycobacteria Library (v3.0) has been evaluated. Overall, 109 NTM isolates were analyzed with both databases. The v3.0 database allowed a high-level confidence in the identification [log(score) value, ≥1.8] of 91.7% of the isolates versus 83.5% with the v2.0 version (P < 0.01).
ORIGINAL RESEARCH—EPIDEMIOLOGYORIGINAL RESEARCH—EPIDEMIOLOGY: On Orgasm, Sexual Techniques, and Erotic Perceptions in 18‐ to 74‐Year‐Old Swedish Women

Objectives To explore, in an age perspective, women's lifetime sexual techniques and the extent to which they had led to orgasm. To relate these techniques and current erotic perceptions to orgasmic function in women sexually active during the last 12 months and to describe the relative impact of orgasmic function/dysfunction on their sexual well‐being.