Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phylogeography of the Robsonius Ground-Warblers (Passeriformes: Locustellidae) Reveals an Undescribed Species from Northeastern Luzon, Philippines

Abstract. The Robsonius ground-warblers are forest birds endemic to the Luzon Island complex in the Philippine archipelago. Their systematic relationships have long remained ambiguous; until recently they were included in the timaliid genus Napothera. Two Robsonius species are currently recognized on the basis of plumage differences: R. rabori from northern Luzon in the Cordillera Central and the northern Sierra Madre, and R. sorsogonensis from southern Luzon and Catanduanes Island. Recent specimen collections, including the first adult specimen from the Cordillera Central, establish plumage differences between populations of R. rabori in the Cordillera Central and Sierra Madre and reveal a third diagnosable population within Luzon. These differences have gone unnoticed because R. rabori (sensu stricto) had been known only from the juvenile holotype. Molecular phylogenetic data further support the hypothesis that three highly divergent taxa occur across the Luzon Island complex: Robsonius rabori is known only from the northern Cordillera Central in Ilocos Norte; an undescribed taxon (formerly included in R. rabori) occurs in the northern Sierra Madre in Cagayan, Isabela, Aurora, and Nueva Vizcaya provinces; and R. sorsogonensis occurs in southern Luzon (Bulacan and Laguna provinces), the Bicol Peninsula, and on Catanduanes Island. The existence of three putatively allopatric species within the Luzon island complex highlights the role of in situ diversification in island systems, and brings attention to the need for forest conservation to protect geographically restricted populations throughout the Luzon Island complex.
Pancreatic Cancer Fostered Immunosuppression Privileges Tumor Growth and Progression

The high progression rate of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) depends on intrinsic genetic and epigenetic cancer cell aberrations and a profound imbalance in immune system cells infiltrating the PDAC stroma. Direct or exosome mediated shedding in the tumor microenviroment of different molecules (e.g. cytokines, chemokines, lectins) causes tumor, pancreatic stellate and inflammatory cells to recruit numerous immunosuppressive cells in the PDAC microenvironment and inhibit immune effector cells. CD8+ T and dendritic immune effector cells (DCs) are reduced, while immunosuppressive T regulatory cells (Treg), Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) and M2 Tumor Associated Macrophages (TAMs) accumulate in the PDAC stroma, mainly at the invasive front area. The imbalance in CD4+ T cell subsets, with Th2 and Th17 prevailing over the Th1 effector arm, is associated with a worse PDAC prognosis that depends on the failure of immune system cells to destroy cancer cells, and the accumulation of immune cells in the PDAC stroma can have pro-neoplastic and prometastatic effects. CD4+ T cells are indispensable for PDAC development; Treg and M2 polarized TAMs favor neoangiogenesis and the epithelial to mesenchymal transition of PDAC cells, a pre-requisite for metastases; MDSCs favor metastases by releasing pro-metastatic inflammatory mediators such as S100A8/A9 proteins, and by creating pre-metastatic niches (in metastatic sites). Of the several treatment strategies aiming to abolish the immune cell imbalance in PDAC, and targeting the immune system, DCs manipulation, vaccination with tumor derived antigens and Treg depletion appear to be of benefit, but still require validation before being recommended in the clinical setting.
Degradation of the Capacitance-Voltage Behaviors of the Low-Temperature Polysilicon TFTs under DC Stress

In this paper, the degradation of n-type low-temperature polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) thin-film transistors (TFTs) under dc stress is investigated with measurement of the capacitance between the source and the gate (C GS ), as well as the capacitance between the drain and the gate (C GD ). It is discovered that the degradation in C GD curves of the device after hot carrier stress shows apparent frequency dependence, while that in the C GS curves remains almost the same. A circuit model based on the channel resistance extracted from the current-voltage behavior is proposed to describe the frequency dependence of the capacitance behavior. From this model, it is revealed that the anomalous frequency-dependent capacitance-voltage characteristics may simply reflect the transient behaviors of the channel resistances. Besides, it was found that the C GS curves after self-heating effect exhibit a significant shift in the positive direction and an additional increase for the smaller gate voltage, while the C GD curves show only positive shifts. By employing simulation, it was proved that the self-heating effect creates interface states near the source region and increases the deep states in the poly-Si film near drain. The proposed circuit model further explains the behavior of the C GS and C GD curves for the stressed device at different measuring frequencies.
The Emergence of Behavioural Policy-Making: A European Perspective

This chapter is the introduction to the book Nudge and the Law: A European Perspective. It sets the scene for an exploration of the legal implications of the emergent phenomenon of behaviourally informed intervention. More precisely, we focuses on the challenges and opportunities it may offer to the policymaking of the European Union. This dual focus on law and on Europe characterises our endeavour. We take as our starting point the current debate around "Nudging", which mainly comprises two strands of enquiry: when is it legitimate for States to use psychology to inform policy? (the legitimacy debate) and, to the extent that it is legitimate, how can behavioural insights in practice be incorporated into the decision making processes? (the practicability debate). We explain why a European perspective differs somewhat from a US American perspective and introduce the structure of the volume. The book contains contributions which analyse what behavioural insights might bring to EU law, both at a horizontal level and at a sectoral level. It endeavours to present existing research in a manner that is accessible both to EU law specialists who are not yet familiar with behavioural sciences and to behavioural lawyers who are not specialists in EU law.
Reduced Deformable Body Simulation with Richer Dynamics

Deformable body simulation can provide visually interesting results that have wide applications in both entertainment industries and scientific fields. However, it is computationally demanding when simulating detailed models with high degrees of freedom (DoFs). Subspace simulation is known for its ability to significantly accelerate the simulation by constraining the deformation of the model to lie within a prescribed low-dimensional space so that the high-DoFs dynamic system is reduced to a much lower one. State-of-the-art subspace simulation technique only allows around 100 simulation bases to be used for real-time applications. This limitation causes many interesting deformations results to be lost or even leads to deformation artifacts. In this dissertation, we focus on developing new techniques that empower subspace simulation to capture richer deformation dynamics. First, we propose a unified approach for simulating reduced multi-domain objects, where each domain of the object is simulated in its own subspace. The key challenge in implementing this method is how to handle the coupling among multiple deformable domains, so that the overall effect is free of gap or locking issues. We present a new domain decomposition framework that connects two disjoint domains through coupling elements. Under this framework, we present a unified simulation system that solves subspace deformations and rigid motions of all of the domains by a single linear solve. Since the coupling elements are part of the deformable body, their elastic properties are the same as the rest of the body and our system does not need stiffness parameter tuning. To quickly evaluate
Technological progress, obsolescence, and depreciation

We construct a two-sector vintage capital model with neutral and investment-specific technical progress and variable utilization of each vintage. The lifetime of capital goods is endogenous and it relies on the associated maintenance costs. First, we show that the lifetime of capital is an increasing (resp. decreasing) function of the rate of neutral (resp. investment-specific) technical progress. Second, we show that both the use-related depreciation rate and the scrapping rate increase when investment-specific technical progress accelerates. However, the latter drops when neutral technical progress accelerates, while the former remains unaffected. It is also shown that (i) the economic depreciation rate depends on the decline rate of the quality-unadjusted relative price of investment and (ii) the age-related depreciation rate depends on the obsolescence rate.
Argument Invention with the Carneades Argumentation System

Argument invention (inventio) has traditionally been regarded as one of the five main components of rhetoric, but has remained an ambiguous, vague and highly contested concept, made even more confusing by its dependence on the Aristotelian topics, supposedly the places in which the rhetorical persuader can find arguments useful to support or attack a claim. The advent of two recently developed computational tools for argument invention, the Carneades Argumentation System and IBM’s Watson Debater tool, calls for a rethinking of the notion of argument invention in line with the state of the art of formal and computational argumentation systems in artificial intelligence. The role of argumentation schemes is an important part of this investigation into argument invention.
PROTEAS: A Finite State Automata based data mining algorithm for rule extraction in protein classification

mitkas@eng.auth. gr ABSTRACT An important challenge in modern functional proteomics is the prediction of the functional behavior of proteins. Motifs in protein chains can make such a prediction possible. The correlation between protein properties and their motifs is not always obvious, since more than one motifs may exist within a protein chain. Thus, the behavior of a protein is a function of many motifs, where some overpower others. In this paper a data mining approach for a motif-based classification of proteins is presented. A new classification algorithm that induces rules and exploits finite state automata is introduced. First, data are modeled by terms of prefix tree acceptors, which are later merged into finite state automata. Finally, a new algorithm is proposed, for the induction of protein classification rules from finite state automata. The data mining model is trained and tested using various protein and protein class subsets, as well as the whole dataset of known proteins and protein classes. Results indicate the efficiency of our technique compared to other known data mining algorithms.
KIMA: Hybrid Checkpointing for Recovery from a Wide Range of Errors and Detection Latencies

Full system reliability is a problem that spans multiple levels of the software/hardware stack. The normal execution of a program in a system can be disrupted by multiple factors, ranging from transient errors in a processor and software bugs, to permanent hardware failures and human mistakes. A common method for recovering from such errors is the creation of checkpoints during the execution of the program, allowing the system to restore the program to a previous error-free state and resume execution. Different causes of errors, though, have different occurrence frequencies and detection latencies, requiring the creation of multiple checkpoints at different frequencies in order to maximize the availability of the system. In this paper we present KIMA, a novel checkpointing creation and management technique that combines efficiently the existing undo-log and redo-log checkpointing approaches, reducing the overall bandwidth requirements to both the memory and the hard disk. KIMA establishes DRAM-based undo-log checkpoints every 10ms, then leverages the undo-log metadata and checkpointed data to establish redo-log checkpoints every 1 second in non-volatile memory (such as PCM). Our results show that KIMA incurs average overheads of less than 1% while enabling efficient recovery from both transient and hard errors that have a variety of detection latencies.
Anxiety and Self-care Behavior in Patients Undergoing Head and Neck Radiotherapy: Effect of Print and Multimedia Health Materials

Background: Patients undergoing radiotherapy require training through educational media due to the specific nature of this therapeutic modality. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of multimedia and print educational tools in anxiety and self-care behaviors among patients undergoing radiotherapy. Method: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 60 patients referring to the radiotherapy centers of Mashhad, Iran, in 2016. Based on the treatment centers, the patients were randomly assigned into two groups of Group 1 and 2 provided by a 20-minute multimedia training session and three pamphlets, respectively. The patients’ anxiety was assessed in two stages, namely before the intervention and prior to the initiation of the first radiotherapy session, using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Neil's Self-care Inventory was completed at the end of the first, third, and fifth weeks of treatment for assessing self-care behaviors. Results: The mean ages of the multimedia and pamphlet groups were 52.2±1.4 and 50.6±1.4, respectively. Paired t-test showed a significant decrease in the mean anxiety score of the pamphlet group (37.8±3.0) after the intervention, compared to that in the multimedia group (40.0±2.3) (P=0.009). Furthermore, the multimedia group had significantly higher self-care behavior scores, compared to the pamphlet group, in the first (P=0.003), third (P=0.01) and fifth weeks of treatment (P<0.001). Implications for Practice: Educational multimedia tools can have a more effective contribution in maintaining self-care behaviors. Given the reduction of anxiety in the pamphlet group, it is important to consider the rate and flow of transferring information in radiotherapy training to reduce anxiety among patients.
Contadores de membrana para la recuperación de nitrógeno en corrientes líquidas residuales: efecto de la temperatura y limpieza

El nitrógeno es uno de los contaminantes más comunes y perjudiciales presentes en el agua residual. Asimismo, la demanda mundial de nutrientes crece un 1,8% anualmente [1], ya que el incremento de población requiere un aumento en la producción agrícola. En el marco de la economía circular, existen diferentes técnicas que permiten recuperar nutrientes para volver a introducirlo en la cadena de valor. Entre ellas, la recuperación de nitrógeno amoniacal en forma de sulfato de amonio (fertilizante) empleando contactores de membrana emerge como una técnica efectiva, rápida y con altos rendimientos. El presente estudio evalúa el fouling en los contactores de membrana y optimiza el proceso de transferencia en base a la temperatura durante la recuperación de sulfato de amonio. Los resultados demuestran que, entre las técnicas probadas, una limpieza ácida de las membranas es el método más rápido y efectivo para reducir el ensuciamiento. Asimismo, trabajar con la corriente residual a alta temperatura permite retardar la aparición del ensuciamiento además de favorecer el transporte de amoníaco a través de la membrana.
A Higher‐resolution Version of the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI‐ESM1.2‐HR)

The MPI‐ESM1.2 is the latest version of the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model and is the baseline for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 and current seasonal and decadal climate predictions. This paper evaluates a coupled higher‐resolution version (MPI‐ESM1.2‐HR) in comparison with its lower‐resolved version (MPI‐ESM1.2‐LR). We focus on basic oceanic and atmospheric mean states and selected modes of variability, the El Niño/Southern Oscillation and the North Atlantic Oscillation. The increase in atmospheric resolution in MPI‐ESM1.2‐HR reduces the biases of upper‐level zonal wind and atmospheric jet stream position in the northern extratropics. This results in a decrease of the storm track bias over the northern North Atlantic, for both winter and summer season. The blocking frequency over the European region is improved in summer, and North Atlantic Oscillation and related storm track variations improve in winter. Stable Atlantic meridional overturning circulations are found with magnitudes of ~16 Sv for MPI‐ESM1.2‐HR and ~20 Sv for MPI‐ESM1.2‐LR at 26°N. A strong sea surface temperature bias of ~5°C along with a too zonal North Atlantic current is present in both versions. The sea surface temperature bias in the eastern tropical Atlantic is reduced by ~1°C due to higher‐resolved orography in MPI‐ESM‐HR, and the region of the cold‐tongue bias is reduced in the tropical Pacific. MPI‐ESM1.2‐HR has a well‐balanced radiation budget and its climate sensitivity is explicitly tuned to 3 K. Although the obtained reductions in long‐standing biases are modest, the improvements in atmospheric dynamics make this model well suited for prediction and impact studies.
Joupreneur: An original methodology for raising the entrepreneurial intention among journalism students

This article describes in detail, and empirically validates a methodology for raising entrepreneurial intentions among journalism students. The research is based on pre-post surveys of four groups of students (88 in total), ages 18-25, from the Carlos III University of Madrid , and measures the change in the students’ intentions after a period of three months in a sixcredit, third-year, journalism class. The findings contribute to the theories of education and have wider implications for the practice of entrepreneurship teaching among journalism students.
Egg development and toxicity of insecticides to eggs, neonate larvae and adults of Xylotrechus arvicola , a pest in Iberian grapevines

Xylotrechus arvicola (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a xylophagous species that is becoming an important pest in vineyards in the Iberian Peninsula. The most sensitive stages are adult and egg, but their neonate larvae can also be attacked during the first 24 h after hatching and before entering the wood. Adults were evaluated for seven days against the insecticides spinosad, Beauveria bassiana , imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos and neonate larvae (< 24 h) and eggs of different ages against the described insecticides, as well as flufenoxuron and pyriproxyfen. All insecticides were applied in a Potter tower at a maximum and minimum commercial dose, and showed significant differences both among insecticides as between the applied doses. Most of the hatching occurs eight days after oviposition by X. arvicola females. Chlorpyrifos had a quick and total control of eggs of different ages, neonate larvae and adults in both dosis applied, but its effectiveness could cause serious effects on other non-target species. Pyriproxifen and flufenoxuron had the best ovicidal control when the age of eggs increases and, B. bassiana also had a good ovicidal control, due its capacity to invade the eggs actively through their shell and proliferate inside them. Biological insecticides such as B. bassiana and spinosad, with a total control on adults and good rates of mortality of neonate larvae and eggs can be a great instrument to biological control of this pest.
Evolving a Spiking Neural Network controller for low gravity environments

This thesis addresses the development of a lightweight and quickly trainable controller based on bio-inspired and time-dependent spiking neural networks, tasked to enact an effective gait for a quadruped rover with a reaction wheel that operates in low-gravity environments. Such model would be an interesting addition to the methods presently used in robot controllers, especially in space exploration were the availability of computational power is limited. With the solution proposed in this work, the controller can be optimized in a day on a single computer and outperform conventional perceptron based architectures in simulations. The use of Spiking Neural Networks makes the common back-propagation optimization techniques unavailable, requiring a new approach. Evolutionary methods then come into play. With this architecture the controller has a very powerful tool to memorize frequencies and reproduce complex periodical movements. The use of evolutionary algorithms makes their optimization effective and competitive. Optimizing the spiking controller with Genetic Algorithms and Differential Evolution, the architecture proposed obtains good fitness scores in several known benchmarks in under a day of simulations. Furthermore, it learns effective gaits for the low-gravity environments with results that vastly surpass the ones obtained by similarly evolved perceptron based controllers. All the simulations and optimization done show that the spiking controller has a superior ability to environments with strong statistical confidence (Welch’s t-Test p 0.01). On the Mars and Moon environments it learns a periodical gaits that makes the rover advance and never touch the ground with its main body. On the Ceres environments it learns to optimize the fitness function to a local maximum far superior to the ones obtained by other architectures, although unfortunately not with a beautiful gait.
Natural Language Detectors Emerge in Individual Neurons

Although deep convolutional networks have achieved improved performance in 1 many natural language tasks, they have been treated as black boxes because they are 2 difficult to interpret. Especially, little is known about how they represent language 3 in their intermediate layers. In an attempt to understand the representations of 4 deep convolutional networks trained on language tasks, we show that individual 5 units are selectively responsive to specific morphemes, words, and phrases, rather 6 than responding to arbitrary and uninterpretable patterns. In order to quantitatively 7 analyze such intriguing phenomenon, we propose a concept alignment method 8 based on how units respond to replicated text. We conduct analyses with different 9 architectures on multiple datasets for classification and translation tasks and provide 10 new insights into how deep models understand natural language. 11
Fuzzy logic method use in F/A-18 aircraft model identification

A mathematical model for controlling the structural deflections of an F/A-18 modified aircraft was determined in the Active Aeroelastic Wing technology program. Five sets of signals from flight flutter tests corresponding to the excited inputs (differential ailerons, collective ailerons, collective stabilizers, differential stabilizers, and rudders) were measured at the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center. Two types of signals were used to build this new model: control deflections (the inputs) and structural deflections (the outputs). The fuzzy logic method was used in identifying the nonlinear aircraft models for 16 flight-test cases, based on Mach numbers (between 0.85 and 1.30) and altitudes (between 5000 and 25,000 ft). To find the best model, we tested a variety of systems with different numbers of inputs or fuzzy logic methods. By comparing the results obtained, we conclude that the best results, in terms of our preestablished specifications, were obtained for the 12-input Sugeno system.