Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
YOU ARE WRONG ABOUT YOUR MODEL: HERE IS HOW TO FIX THINGS

BEFORE BEGINNING, let me clear some space so the issues can be picked apart more conveniently. First, we already know that all models are incomplete. Like the prototypical ship-in-a-bottle, analytic models are mostly oriented to the obvious features that make some phe-nomenon or something recognizable at a glance. The bottled-ship model is not realistic once we penetrate its surface appearances, and we would probably be wrong if we expected it to float by itself. Any given model is stripped down in this way so we are not distracted by what the model-maker thought or determined to be unimportant; at least that is the idea. And therein lies the issue of interest here. What someone else thought was unimportant may have been so in the context of that individual’s work, but may not be unimportant for you. Models developed in a labora-tory where the environment is always already strictly controlled may not be so useful in the wild without some additions or accommodations for things we cannot or do not want to control. There are two metaphorical locations where we want to inspect things to check and perhaps work to address the matter: outside and inside.
Focusing software requirements through rapid prototyping

The risks associated with making the transition from requirements to design are high. Undiscovered errors in requirements are expensive to fix in the later stages of the software development, but they can be difficult to find prior to design and implementation. One approach to this problem is to use rapid prototyping. This paper will explore some of the issues involved in rapid prototyping, and will discuss the application of a particular rapid prototyping tool to the prototyping of a portion of a system being developed for the Canadian military. <<ETX>>
Decision feedback equalisation using neural network structures and performance comparison with standard architecture

The paper describes a new approach for a decision feedback equaliser using the multilayer perceptron structure for equalisation in digital communications systems. Results indicate that the perceptron based decision feedback equaliser provides better bit error rate performance relative to the least mean square decision feedback equaliser, especially in high noise conditions, also that bit error rate performance degrades less owing to decision errors and is also less sensitive to gain variation.
Requirements for Operations to Take Advantage of the Flexibility of Soa

Efficient, controlled, and managed IT operations are strongly influenced by the architecture of a solution. A service-oriented architecture has a high level of flexibility and can respond to environmental changes and requirements. In this paper, we show, within the change management process, that simple reuse of operation tools, typically developed for client/server-based architectures, do not work with the requirements of SOA. To take advantage of the flexibility of SOA, the traditional change management system-oriented approach has to be changed into a business process-oriented approach, which results in fundamental new requirements for change management tools and services. Furthermore similar conclu- sions can be derived for other typical operation tasks. Consequently, the common understanding of the necessary central elements of SOA has to be extended. Another fundamental element is required for process-oriented operations: a central operations cockpit. We show what such a tool looks like and which requirements services have to fulfil. We use the exam- ple of change management. For service design and development, a SOA-compatible service has not only to fulfil require- ments of the common basic elements, but also has to provide a central operations cockpit.
Prospect for Cell Phones as Instructional Tools in the EFL Classroom: A Case Study of Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh.

The aim of this study was to investigate the potentiality of cell phone use in the EFL classroom of Bangladesh as an instructional tool. The researcher conducted a case study on Jahangirnagar University of Bangladesh. For the study, some SMS based class tests were conducted in the English Department of the university where one hundred undergraduate EFL students participated as subjects. Before the tests, Some EFL teachers sent mobile SMS to students as a means of instruction for teaching appropriate use of preposition for one week. After one week, the teachers took some class tests where the test questions were delivered via SMS and the students also answered the test questions by mobile SMS. The author collected data through students’ questionnaires, and teachers’ interview records and classroom observation reports. The research results demonstrated that cell phone has great potential as an instructional tool despite some challenges that can be resolved by the sincere attempts of the authority, teachers and by changing the ethical point of view that consider cell phones as mere a disturbing factor in the classroom.
AR-based Message Annotation System for Personalized Assistance

We propose an annotation system, which allows users moving on an environment to receive personalized messages that are generated by exploiting contextual information. In the system, the context is defined as an entity including user`s identity, location and time. Identity of user is a key data to enable personal aspect of generated message. For sensing the context, the proposed system uses AR(augmented reality) technology. Markers are attached to real objects for tracking user`s location. AR can provide an effective annotating method to enhance human`s perception and interaction abilities. The received message can be a virtual post-it or three-dimensional virtual model of object overlaid onto the real-world view. Experimental results show that the proposed system works well in real-time with high performance and it can be used as a mobile service for personalized messaging.
Reliable Cluster-Based Routing Algorithms in Wireless Sensor Networks

With advanced micro-electromechanical technology, the development of small-size, low-cost, and low-power sensors that possess sensing, signal processing and wireless communication capabilities is becoming popular than ever. To achieve the energy efficiency in the wireless sensor networks, LEACH has been proposed as a routing protocol, composing of a few clusters, each of which consists of member nodes that sense the data, and head nodes that deliver the collected data from member nodes to a sink node. When wireless link error occurs, LEACH may miss some messages because of only one cluster head. As our proposed scheme manages two cluster heads for each cluster, there should be higher probabilities for messages to reach the sink node. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm provides more robust than LEACH when wireless link error occurs.
Synthesis and Structure of the Zintl-Phase K4Pb9 Containing Isolated Pb94- Clusters of Two Different Geometries.

Until recently homoatomic deltahedral clusters in the solid state (larger than four atoms) were known only for the heavier analogues of the boron group and the “anomalous” Bi 9 of the pnictogens. 1,2 Our attempts to synthesize heteroatomic clusters involving elements of the carbon group have resulted in the discovery of the first large deltahedral cluster of that group in the solid state, Ge 9, with the shape of a monocapped square antiprism, 3 and the unique heteroatomic Ge 8Zn, a dimer of vertex-fused trigonal bipyramids. 4 Recent measurements by Raman spectroscopy of binary compounds of germanium or tin with different alkali metals have indicated that similar nineatom clusters of tin may exist as well. 5 Nine-atom clusters of the heavier members of the carbon group were known only in solutions6 or in compounds crystallized from such solutions, usually with cryptated alkali metal. 1 The current theory on the formation of these clusters infers that they assemble during the dissolution of the precursor in the solvent, usually ethylenediamine or liquid ammonia, and that they do not exist in the precursor, 1 a binary AxEy compound (A) alkali metal, E) group 14 element) usually referred to as a “melt” or an “alloy”. We have already shown that Ge 9 exists in the precursor Cs 4Ge9, and here we report on similar clusters of lead. In K 4Pb9 we have characterized the first clusters of this element in the solid state. The clusters Pb 9 found in this compound are of two different geometries, a monocapped square antiprism and a tricapped trigonal prism. The latter is the only other example besides Bi 9 of a tricapped trigonal prism with 2 n+ 4 skeletal electrons instead of the usual 2 n + 2. Experimental Section
Common IED exploitation target set ontology

The Common IED Exploitation Target Set (CIEDETS) ontology provides a comprehensive semantic data model for capturing knowledge about sensors, platforms, missions, environments, and other aspects of systems under test. The ontology also includes representative IEDs; modeled as explosives, camouflage, concealment objects, and other background objects, which comprise an overall threat scene. The ontology is represented using the Web Ontology Language and the SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language, which ensures portability of the acquired knowledge base across applications. The resulting knowledge base is a component of the CIEDETS application, which is intended to support the end user sensor test and evaluation community. CIEDETS associates a system under test to a subset of cataloged threats based on the probability that the system will detect the threat. The associations between systems under test, threats, and the detection probabilities are established based on a hybrid reasoning strategy, which applies a combination of heuristics and simplified modeling techniques. Besides supporting the CIEDETS application, which is focused on efficient and consistent system testing, the ontology can be leveraged in a myriad of other applications, including serving as a knowledge source for mission planning tools.
New developments of electro-thermal techniques for material characterization

Recent developments of thermal techniques for determining electric field and polarization profiles are discussed. An experimental arrangement is introduced which allows for investigations of plane, parallel capacitor samples, as well as of unconventional sample shapes, such as cylindrical and spherical capacitors. The basis of electro-thermal techniques is very broad, providing access to the investigation of thermal (specific heat, thermal diffusivity and thermal expansion) and elastic parameters (velocity of sound), as well as of piezo- and pyroelectric properties.
Effective number of looks for a multilook interferometric phase distribution

Interferometric phases have fluctuations that result from decorrelation between the complex images in an interferometric pair. Recently it has been proposed that a PDF derived for multilook polarimetric copolar-phase data can also be applied to interferometric SAR data. This PDF is parameterized by the number of looks and the complex correlation coefficient. Such a PDF allows the authors to determine phase error as a function of decorrelation. Actual SAR data usually have an affective number of looks less than the nominal number of looks. As a result, the assumption that samples are independent does not hold. Rederivation of the PDF to account for the nonindependence of samples represents a challenging, if not intractable, problem. Using /spl chi//sup 2/-squared goodness-of-fit tests, however, the authors show that an effective number of looks can be chosen in place of the nominal number of looks. The authors initially test this model using simulated data that has the same spectral characteristics as ERS-1 data. In addition to the phase fluctuations caused by decorrelation, actual data also have fluctuations caused by the topography and the imaging geometry. As a result, it is difficult to compare the phase statistics predicted by the PDF with actual data. There are a few cases, however, where these additional fluctuations are negligible and statistical comparisons can be made. They find that with an effective number of looks less than the nominal number, this PDF provides a good statistical model for multilook interferometric phases from both simulated and actual ERS-1 data. <<ETX>>
THE FOREIGN‐LANGUAGE PROBLEM FACING SCIENTISTS AND TECHNOLOGISTS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM—REPORT OF A RECENT SURVEY

The foreign‐language barrier facing British scientists is a function of a, the amount and value of foreign scientific literature produced; b, the linguistic ability of the people wishing to read it; and c, the availability and effectiveness of translation services. To obtain quantitative data on these points the NLL has recently conducted a survey amongst scientists and librarians in the United Kingdom and the present paper presents the more important results. The survey has shown that the language problem is of considerable magnitude and is common to the majority of scientists and technologists. The languages creating the most difficulty are Russian, German, and Japanese. It has also indicated that local translation facilities are not particularly effective and that, as far as national facilities are concerned, British scientists are largely unaware of existing services which might help them to overcome their difficulties. The results of the investigation suggest a number of lines of action which the appropriate authorities might follow. The most important would seem to be the publishing of an international index to translations and the creation within the United Kingdom of a centralized Japanese translation service.
A computational view of colour

The computational view of colour is that human perception and use of colour can be explored and explained as computations. The fundamental problem of colour is to explain how we see colours as relatively stable despite the fact that the light reflected into our eyes from an object varies dramatically with the light illuminating the object. Colour and computers have become much more intertwined in recent years as colour displays and colour printers have become more affordable. Since colour is a perceptual, not a physical quality, it is crucial to have a good model of how we perceive colour in complex environments if we are to get predictable results from these devices.
Minimizing embedded software power consumption through reduction of data memory access

Software applications that involve multimedia signal processing typically have to process large amounts of data. They often involve the handling of data arrays in the form of nested loops. Experiments show that for this kind of applications data transfer (memory access) operations consume much more power than data-path operations. Our objective is to reduce memory access related power consumption by reducing the number of data transfers between processor and memory, or between a higher (closer to processor) level of memory and a memory at a lower level using source program transformation. The procedure involves profiling, inlining and globed transformation. The effectiveness of this procedure is illustrated by applying it to the software for a wideband adaptive multi-rate (WB-AMR) speech decoder which can be obtained from the official website of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
Site‐Selective Arylation of Alizarin and Purpurin Based on Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions

A variety of arylated anthraquinones were prepared by site-selective Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of the bis- and tris(triflates) of alizarin and purpurin, respectively. The site-selectivity is controlled by the electronic influence of the carbonyl group and by steric parameters.
T wave shape changes with heart rate: a computer model analysis

The electrocardiogram T wave shape is known to change with the heart rate, but the cause is little understood. In this work, using a computer model of the left ventricle repolarisation, we investigated the T wave shape changes and proposed an explanation for this behaviour We used a computer model of left ventricle repolarisation to simulate the 12-lead ECG T waves. We defined a dispersion/duration ratio (Disp/APRD) as the maximum dispersion of repolarisation divided by the action potential repolarisation phase duration. The Disp/APRD is a measure of the heart rate in the model. We show that for increasing value of the Disp/APRD the T waves change in shape becoming more symmetrical while the T wave start-to-peak time interval shortens. We verified these results experimentally by recording the ECG on an healthy subject for two different heart rates (75 bpm and 130 bpm). We showed that our model predictions are confirmed by these preliminary experimental findings. The results from our model show, we believe for the first time, how the shape of the T wave changes with the heart rate and propose an explanation for this behaviour in terms of the Disp/APRD ratio. This work may have strong implications for improving the diagnosis of heart diseases using common clinical tests such as the exercise electrocardiography.
Impact of Web Survey Invitation Design on Survey Participation, Respondents, and Survey Responses

This article investigates how webpages shown to respondents before they enter a self-administered survey impact whether and how they respond. Using the SurveyMonkey “end page,” a page that is displayed nearly 3 million times daily to survey respondents who have completed a user-created survey, this article examines whether the type of image and text that are displayed on the end page has a large impact on survey participation, whether different images/texts appeal to different types of respondents, and whether they render different substance responses. The topic of the survey is about the U.K. 2015 General Election. The findings show that when a concrete image/text combination is displayed, the click rate is lower than more general and abstract image/text combinations. The completion rates across different webpages are similar. We also find that the sample compositions and selected survey responses differ by different end pages. As a last step, we conducted poststratification in each condition separately to produce estimates that match known population proportions for selected demographic characteristics. After weighting adjustment, the differences in substantive responses disappeared or reduced, suggesting that different people drawn into the survey through different webpages contribute to the different substantive responses.
A Quality Evaluation Model for Distributed Processing Systems of Big Data

According to the evolving of IT technologies, the amount of data we are facing increasing exponentially. Thus, the technique for managing and analyzing these vast data that has emerged is a distributed processing system of big data. A quality evaluation for the existing distributed processing systems has been proceeded by the structured data environment. Thus, if we apply this to the evaluation of distributed processing systems of big data which has to focus on the analysis of the unstructured data, a precise quality assessment cannot be made. Therefore, a study of the quality evaluation model for the distributed processing systems is needed, which considers the environment of the analysis of big data. In this paper, we propose a new quality evaluation model by deriving the quality evaluation elements based on the ISO/IEC9126 which is the international standard on software quality, and defining metrics for validating the elements.
Searching for birth relatives: A selective bibliography

Confidentiality in adoption has been the norm in this country since the 1930s. Traditionally, it has been perceived as beneficial to all sides of the adoption triangle: the adoptive parents, the adoptee, and the birth parents. Adoption agencies have supported the policy of confidentiality, and as a result the practice of concealment is almost universal in the United States. Alaska, Hawaii, and Kansas are the only states that allow adult adoptees access to their birth and adoption information.
Facial expression recognition using constructive neural networks

The computer-based recognition of facial expressions has been an active area of research for quite a long time. The ultimate goal is to realize intelligent and transparent communications between human beings and machines. The neural network (NN) based recognition methods have been found to be particularly promising, since NN is capable of implementing mapping from the feature space of face images to the facial expression space. However, finding a proper network size has always been a frustrating and time consuming experience for NN developers. In this paper, we propose to use the constructive one-hidden-layer feed forward neural networks (OHL-FNNs) to overcome this problem. The constructive OHL-FNN will obtain in a systematic way a proper network size which is required by the complexity of the problem being considered. Furthermore, the computational cost involved in network training can be considerably reduced when compared to standard back- propagation (BP) based FNNs. In our proposed technique, the 2-dimensional discrete cosine transform (2-D DCT) is applied over the entire difference face image for extracting relevant features for recognition purpose. The lower- frequency 2-D DCT coefficients obtained are then used to train a constructive OHL-FNN. An input-side pruning technique previously proposed by the authors is also incorporated into the constructive OHL-FNN. An input-side pruning technique previously proposed by the authors is also incorporated into the constructive learning process to reduce the network size without sacrificing the performance of the resulting network. The proposed technique is applied to a database consisting of images of 60 men, each having the resulting network. The proposed technique is applied to a database consisting of images of 60 men, each having 5 facial expression images (neutral, smile, anger, sadness, and surprise). Images of 40 men are used for network training, and the remaining images are used for generalization and testing. Confusion matrices calculated in both network training and testing for 4 facial expressions (smile, anger, sadness, and surprise) are used to evaluate the performance of the trained network. By extensive simulations it is shown that when compared with the BP-based method, the proposed technique constructs OHL- FNN with significantly smaller number of hidden units and weights, and simultaneously yielding improved recognition performance.
Toward a Cognitive Psychology of Syntax: Information Processing Contributions to Sentence Formulation

it is widely acknowledged that characteristics of the general information processing svstem in which sentence formulation occurs mav provide constraints on syntax in language use. This paper proposes one possibli&urce of such constraints. Evidence is reviewed indicating that the syntax of sentences may . to some degree reflect the transient processing demands of lexical retrieval, suggesting an interaction between syntactic and lexical processing. Specifically, the syntactic structure of utterances appears to be sensitive to the accessibility of lexical information, with phrases containing more accessible information occurring earlier in sentences. The existence of such an interaction argues that the utterance formulation system is not strictly hierarchical, as most current approaches to sentence production imply. A broad framework for models of production is outlined that incorporates these interactions within a limited-capacity processing system. This framework also permits a resolution of contradictions in the literature on pragmatic determinants of constituent order in adult language use.