Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Can Measuring of Blood Cells Reduce the Risk of Blood Disorders

Two-photon laser checking microscopy is generally used to quantify blood hemodynamics in mind veins. In any case, the calculations utilized so far to extricate red platelet (RBC) size and speed from line-filter acquisitions have disregarded the degree to which checking speed impacts the estimations. Here, we utilized a hypothetical methodology that considers the speed and course of both filtering mirrors and RBCs during procurement to give a calculation that quantifies the genuine RBC size and speed. We have grown new calculations to ascertain RBC size and speed with a line-examine obtaining strategy, that consider the scanner development.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Error Sources in Electronic Fully Digital Impedance Bridges

Fully digital impedance bridges are emerging as measuring instruments for primary electrical impedance metrology and the realization of impedance units and scales. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of electronic fully digital impedance bridges for both generating (based on digital-to-analog converters) and digitizing (based on analog-to-digital converters) bridges. The sources of measurement error are analyzed in detail and expressed by explicit mathematical formulas ready to be applied to the specific bridge and measurement case of interest. The same can be employed also as a basis to optimize the design and the operating parameters of digital bridges and evaluate the measurement uncertainty. A practical application of the analysis to the digital bridges developed and measurements performed in the framework of an international research project is presented.
Atomic force microscopy investigation of the O2+-induced surface topography of InP

The surface topography development of InP as a function of O2+ ion energy and incident angle was investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Cone formation was found to be the dominant surface feature under various O2+ ion bombarding conditions. However, variations in the density and size of the cones at different O2+ ion bombardment conditions were observed. The variation of surface topography with O2+ ion bombardment conditions is correlated with changes in InP surface composition. The results support an intrinsic model of cone formation, which postulates that the sputtering of InP causes In enrichment at the surface due to the preferential sputtering of phosphorus from InP. Furthermore, radiation-enhanced surface diffusion results in agglomeration of indium atoms into indium clusters. These indium clusters seed the development of sputter cones due to the difference in sputter rates of InP and indium. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the Solvent Isotope Effect in Hydrophobic Hydration

It is a general result that the transfer of noble gases and aliphatic hydrocarbons from H2O to D2O is characterized by negative Gibbs energy changes, but positive heat capacity changes. These experimental evidences are difficult to reconcile with the classical view of hydrophobic hydration, which claims a reinforcement of H-bonds around nonpolar moieties. In contrast, according to a new emerging theory, the poor solubility of nonpolar compounds in water is determined by a balance between the excluded volume effect due to cavity creation for solute insertion and the attractive solute−water van der Waals interactions, whereas the reorganization of H-bonds is a compensating process. The hydration thermodynamics of argon, selected as suitable representative solute, in H2O and D2O, in the temperature range 5−100 °C, is analyzed by means of the new approach, which proves able to satisfactorily explain the experimental data. Since the strength of van der Waals interactions is the same in the two liquids, the sli.
Reproducibility Challenge: Making AI Forget You: Data Deletion in Machine Learning

- This report examines the reproducibility of the paper Making AI Forget You: Data Deletion In Machine Learning [1]. The original paper initiated a framework studying what to do when speciﬁc data is no longer accessible for deploying models. The paper also proposed two efﬁcient deletion algorithms for k-means clustering model called Q-k-means and DC-k-means. We studied the replicability of the two algorithms, examining if they could achieve similar performance as they stated in the report. By re-implementing Q-k-means and DC-k-means, we reproduced the experiments using MNIST, Gaussian and Covtype datasets. We also performed the experiments of the effect of parameter width and labda to the efﬁciency of algorithms. The experiments we conducted yields similar results as shown in the original paper.
How do Adjustments in the Forest Landscape Resulting from Environmental Demands Affect the Costs and Revenues to Forestry

The provision of forest environmental commodities is dependent on the tree species composition and the silvicultural systems used in timber production. Adaptations in silvicultural practice that increase the environmental value of the forest involve a change in the revenues from, and the costs to, forestry. In this study, a cost estimation method is presented using a system for long-term forecasts of timber yields and potential cut. The study focuses on the adaptation costs associated with a change from today's silvicultural systems and tree species composition to a scenario where maximum consideration is given to the environmental values of the forest landscape. The calculations led, approximately, to a 20% reduction in logged timber volumes in the environmental scenario, which corresponds to a 10% loss of profit.
Smooth and Narrow Nanopillars Fabricated by Ion-Beam-Induced Deposition under Charging Conditions

We investigate the formation of the irregular sidewall and halo of pillars grown by ion-beam-induced deposition (IBID) by growing platinum nanopillars on an insulating Si3N4 membrane and on a semiconducting Si wafer with a thin Si3N4 top layer. As compared with the pillars grown in a conductive environment, the pillars grown on an insulating membrane are smoother, higher and thinner but have the same volume. Furthermore, they are accompanied by smaller halos. These differences suggest a distinct charging effect in IBID pillar growth. This charging effect is attributed to the secondary electron emission and possibly the aggregation of precursor gas molecules.
A Closed-Loop Cross-Dipole Antenna Array for Wideband OAM Communication

In this letter, a closed-loop cross-dipole antenna array (CLCDAA) is proposed for wideband orbital angular momentum (OAM) communication. The proposed antenna array is designed based on a closed-loop cross dipoles patch, several pillow-like parasitic patches, and a hybrid wideband feeding network. The design method of the feeding network is introduced using the analysis of the multiport network, and the good performance of this feeding network is verified. A prototype CLCDAA is fabricated and measured to validate the design concept. The OAM beams can cover a wide frequency band from 2.08 to 3.95 GHz (62.02%), and the simulation and measurement results are in good agreement. Benefiting from a compact structure, simple design procedure, and steady performance, the proposed antenna array has a significant meaning in the application of wireless communications.
Synthesis and swelling behavior of a weak polyacid brush

We describe the synthesis and the swelling behavior of a weak polyacid brush attached to a solid surface. Monolayers of poly methacrylic acid are generated by using self-assembled monolayers of an azo initiator and radical chain polymerization of methacrylic acid monomer at the surface of a planar substrate in situ. The thickness of the resulting surface-attached polyelectrolyte brush can be adjusted between 5 and 400 nm in the dry, collapsed state. The swelling behavior in water as a function of pH and salt concentration is investigated by multiple-angle null-ellipsometry. At high salt concentrations the brush thickness decreases due to electrostatic screening. At low concentration, however, an increase of thickness with ion concentration is found.
End-to-end simulation of the SCALES integral field spectrograph

We present end-to-end simulations of SCALES, the third generation thermal-infrared diffraction limited imager and low/med-resolution integral field spectrograph (IFS) being designed for Keck. The 2-5 micron sensitivity of SCALES enables detection and characterization of a wide variety of exoplanets, including exoplanets detected through long-baseline astrometry, radial-velocity planets on wide orbits, accreting protoplanets in nearby star-forming regions, and reflected-light planets around the nearest stars. The simulation goal is to generate high-fidelity mock data to assess the scientific capabilities of the SCALES instrument at current and future design stages. The simulation processes arbitrary-resolution input intensity fields with a proposed observation pattern into an entire mock dataset of raw detector read-out lenslet-based IFS frames with calibrations and metadata, which are then reduced by the IFS data reduction pipeline to be analyzed by the user.
Write Dependency Disentanglement with HORAE

Storage systems rely on write dependency to achieve atomicity and consistency. However, enforcing write dependency comes at the expense of performance; it concatenates multiple hardware queues into a single logical queue, disables the concurrency of flash storage and serializes the access to isolated devices. Such serialization prevents the storage system from taking full advantage of high-performance drives (e.g., NVMe SSD) and storage arrays. In this paper, we propose a new IO stack called Horae to alleviate the write dependency overhead for high-performance drives. Horae separates the dependency control from the data flow, and uses a dedicated interface to maintain the write dependency. Further, Horae introduces the joint flush to enable parallel FLUSH commands on individual devices, and write redirection to handle dependency loops and parallelize in-place updates. We implement Horae in Linux kernel and demonstrate its effectiveness through a wide variety of workloads. Evaluations show Horae brings up to 1.8× and 2.1× performance gain in MySQL and BlueStore, respectively.
Photoinduced biochemical activity of fullerene carboxylic acid

Here we report the preparation of a water-miscible fullerene carboxylic acid (2) and its biological activity-cytotoxicity and G-selective DNA cleaving ability. What is truly remarkable is that the biological activity of C{sub 60} was observed only under irradiation with visible light and not in the dark, suggesting that fullerenes may serve as useful photosensitive biochemical probes. We have found, for the first time, that even low-energy visible light is surfficient to induce biological activity in fullerene derivatives. Among the numerous implications of the present findings, the most exciting prospect includes the use of fullerene derivatives for photodynamic therapy. 18 refs., 2 figs., 1 tab.
Shear-Induced Crystallization in Blends of Model Linear and Long-Chain Branched Hydrogenated Polybutadienes

Quiescent and shear-induced crystallizations were performed on several well-defined linear monodisperse hydrogenated polybutadiene blends with a high-molecular-weight long-chain branched (LCB) comb-shaped additive. The connection between microscopic molecular motion and crystallization kinetics has been quantitatively studied with respect to the formation of either isotropic or oriented shish kebab crystal morphology using time-resolved X-ray scattering techniques. Using a constant preshear rate, the addition of small amounts of LCB combs to the sample blends, at concentrations below and just above the overlap concentration c*, has significantly increased the crystallization rates compared to quiescent conditions. However, only one blend showed the formation of an oriented shish kebab morphology. Also, for these model blends, the transition between isotropic and oriented crystals occurs quite sharply between 5 and 10%, which is around c*. We explain these data by using a shish formation mechanism in which.
The B7 family molecules in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review. Part I: B7-H1 (PD-L1) and B7-DC (PD-L2)

Introduction Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common cancerous lesion in the oral cavity. During recent years, no significant reduction in the survival rate has been observed. Aim To systematically review the literature and to summarise correlations between B7 family proteins and prognosis in OSCC. Material and methods A systematic review of the literature about B7-H1 (PD-L1) and B7-DC (PD-L2) was carried out, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Thirty-six articles published before 22 May 2020 were included in the systematic review. Results The biggest study group consisted of 305 patients and the smallest – 10 patients. PD-L1 proved to be a prognostic factor in patients with OSCC. Immunohistochemistry was the most commonly used diagnostic method. Conclusions Any mutations in the gene encoding PD-L1 and quantitative or functional changes in the status of PD-L1 may be important in the prognosis of OSCC.
Efficiency and Robustness Improvement of Airborne SAR Motion Compensation With High Resolution and Wide Swath

For airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging with high resolution and wide swath, the atmospheric turbulence may produce serious range-dependent (RD) motion error. To estimate the RD motion error, traditional methods usually first divide the range full-aperture data into multiple range blocks, and then use phase gradient autofocus (PGA) to estimate the phase error of all range blocks one by one, which is inefficient. In addition, the robustness of PGA is also affected by the number of strong scattering points. To solve these two problems, a new motion compensation (MoCo) algorithm is proposed to improve the efficiency and robustness of airborne SAR MoCo. The real data-processing results are given to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Saving with a Social Impact: Evidence from Trento Province

In this paper, we investigate the determinants of investing, focusing on its potential social impact. In particular, we consider whether there is room for expanding impact investing through social savings. The increasing trend in the demand for social finance makes the topic of unique interest, particularly when data on preferences for social saving can be collected at the individual level. We investigate the determinants and drivers of saving with a social goal running a survey conducted in Trentino-Alto Adige in which respondents are asked to allocate their portfolio to possible social investments. In line with the evidence collected in the Netherlands by Riedl and Smeets (2014), our results show a strong preference for a lower return, with the condition that the return is invested in a community programme, and little interest in the monetary return of the investment. Respondents are either inclined to put their entire portfolio into saving for the community or not to invest at all. This result suggests that there is a consistent demand, only partially accommodated by the supply, for financial products investing in the community, rather than for a monetary return.
A multisolution method of phase determination by combined maximization of entropy and likelihood. VI: Automatic likelihood analysis via the student t test, with an application to the powder structure of magnesium boron nitride, Mg3BN3

The multisolution method to solve powder structures ab initio from their X-ray diffraction data developed by Bricogne and Gilmore [Bricogne (1991). Acta Cryst. A47, 803-829; Gilmore, Henderson & Bricogne (1991). Acta Cryst. A47, 830-841] has been further tested by redetermination of the structure of the low-pressure phase of magnesium boron nitride, Mg 3 BN 3 , on which a previous attempt using the maximum-entropy (ME) procedure devised by Gull, Livesey & Sivia [Acta Cryst. (1987), A43, 112-117] had failed
Trustworthy Online Marketplace Experimentation with Budget-split Design

Online experimentation, also known as A/B testing, is the gold standard for measuring product impacts and making business decisions in the tech industry. The validity and utility of experiments, however, hinge on unbiasedness and sufficient power. In two-sided online marketplaces, both requirements are called into question. The Bernoulli randomized experiments are biased because treatment units interfere with control units through market competition and violate the "stable unit treatment value assumption"(SUTVA). The experimental power on at least one side of the market is often insufficient because of disparate sample sizes on the two sides. Despite the important of online marketplaces to the online economy and the crucial role experimentation plays in product improvement, there lacks an effective and practical solution to the bias and low power problems in marketplace experimentation. Our paper fills this gap by proposing an experimental design that is unbiased in any marketplace where buyers have a defined budget, which could be finite or infinite. We show that it is more powerful than all other unbiased designs in literature. We then provide generalizable system architecture for deploying this design to online marketplaces. Finally, we confirm our findings with empirical performance from experiments run in two real-world online marketplaces.
Summarizing Unstructured Logs in Online Services

Logs are one of the most valuable data sources for managing large-scale online services. After a failure is detected/diagnosed/predicted, operators still have to inspect the raw logs to gain a summarized view before take actions. However, manual or rule-based log summarization has become inefficient and ineffective. In this work, we propose LogSummary, an automatic, unsupervised end-to-end log summarization framework for online services. LogSummary obtains the summarized triples of important logs for a given log sequence. It integrates a novel information extraction method taking both semantic information and domain knowledge into consideration, with a new triple ranking approach using the global knowledge learned from all logs. Given the lack of a publicly-available gold standard for log summarization, we have manually labelled the summaries of four open-source log datasets and made them publicly available. The evaluation on these datasets as well as the case studies on real-world logs demonstrate that LogSummary produces a highly representative (average ROUGE F1 score of 0.741) summaries. We have packaged LogSummary into an open-source toolkit and hope that it can benefit for future NLP-powered summarization works.
Study with isolated cuticles of the behaviour of zinc applied to leaves

Abstract In order to obtain a better understanding of the behaviour, at the cuticular level of Zn deposited on leaves in natural conditions, the cuticular retention and penetration of this element were studied in vitro, using enzymatically isolated cuticles from pear leaves (Pirns communis L. cv. Passe Crassane). The cuticular retention of Zn, supplied as 0,1 mM 65Zn Cl2 was related to plant species, increasing in the following order: Prunus armeriaca < Pirus malus cv. Golden < Pirus communis L. cv. William with a ratio Zn in cuticles (nmol/g)/Zn in the solution (nmol/g) varying from 282 to 613; it depended on the date of sampling of leaves, the results were apparently not connected with their age. Zn retained by the cuticular discs was lost partially by washing with water, and almost entirely with exchange solutions. The exchangeable fraction could not be precisely determined because of the progressive removal of 65Zn from cuticles, with water. This lability was between that observed with 54fin and 64Cu .
Categorical and gradational: alternative survey measures of sex and gender

Demands for recognition of gender diversity and transgender people are growing. We tested non-binary sex and gender measures using nationally representative samples of US adults to assess feasibility for general population surveys. We find more support for a two-step categorical approach, with separate questions about natal sex and gender identity, than for a single question assessing transgender status as the latter was less reliable within our online surveys and over time. We also consider the challenge of determining measurement reliability for fluid characteristics and argue that using categorical and gradational gender measures in combination should become standard practice.
Measurement of solid phase permittivity for volcanic soils by time domain reflectometry

Dielectric properties of soils are widely used to estimate their water content. Andisols are unique soils in terms of aggregate structure and show dielectric properties different from other mineral soils. To understand the relationship between the dielectric properties and soil physical properties, multi‐phase dielectric mixing models are often used. However, solid phase permittivity (ɛs) for Andisols, which is required for calculating the model output, has not been directly measured yet. Therefore, the objectives for this study were to measure ɛs for Andisols in Japan. In addition, the measured ɛs values were compared with those calculated from the traditional method, which applies two‐phase mixing models to estimate ɛs values based on effective permittivities of repacked soil samples. The applicability of the traditional method to estimate such values for Andisols is also discussed. The effects of bound water and aggregate structure on measured ɛs values were evaluated prior to their measurements. We found that the aggregate structural effects were negligible. However, the amount of bound water caused overestimates of ɛs. Four Andisols from the A and B horizons of soils in Memuro Hokkaido (northern part of Japan), from the A horizon of a soil in Tsukuba Ibaraki (central part of Japan), and from the A horizon of a soil in Koshi Kumamoto (southern part of Japan) were used in this study. The ɛs values obtained fall between 5.6 and 6.1, and deviated from the estimated ɛs values derived from the traditional method. Therefore, the traditional method is probably unsuitable to estimate ɛs values for Andisols.
Electron beam evaporation of aluminium with a porous tantalum rod in melt pool

For most metals, evaporation owing to electron beam heating proceeds in an efficient manner at temperatures substantially higher than the melting point. This is particularly true for aluminium, which has a large separation of melting and boiling point (>1000 K). This leads to situations where convective heat transfer plays an increasingly dominant role with increase in incident e-beam power and puts a limit on the surface temperature (and consequently the atomic flux). To mitigate this heat drain, a porous tantalum rod (∼35% porosity) was placed at the point of e-beam impact to act as a convection arrestor and a wick within the aluminium melt pool. The molten aluminium around the porous rod was found to ooze through the capillaries of the porous rod to emerge as a vapour stream. On measuring the atomic flux and surface temperature at e-beam powers (below a value where tantalum softens), it was found that ∼50% higher temperature was reached with the tantalum rod than without it. Also, for generating the same atomic flux, the required e-beam power in the case of the porous rod was about one-sixth of the e-beam power required without the rod. Such an efficient evaporation has been reported earlier but without any qualification on the ion fraction of the vapour stream. In our experiment, the ion content in the vapour stream was measured. It was found that the ionization yield in the case of the porous rod was about five times the yield without the rod. Estimation of ionization yields owing to various processes led to the conclusion that higher ionization in the case of the porous rod can be attributed to a higher emission of secondary electrons from the porous rod causing enhanced electron impact ionization.