Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using ChemBank to Probe Chemical Biology

ChemBank (http://chembank.broad.harvard.edu/) is a public, Web‐based informatics environment. ChemBank stores and makes freely available data derived from small molecules and small‐molecule screens and has resources for relating and studying these data. Currently, ChemBank stores information on hundreds of thousands of small molecules and hundreds of biomedically relevant assays performed at the Broad Institute screening center. Web‐based analysis tools are available within ChemBank to study the relationships between small molecules, cell measurements, and cell states. This unit demonstrates the use of ChemBank data to ask and answer questions relating to chemical biology and screening experiments contained within ChemBank. Curr. Protoc. Bioinform. 22:14.5. 1–14.5. 26. © 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The gut‐kidney axis in chronic renal failure: A new potential target for therapy

Evidence is accumulating to consider the gut microbiome as a central player in the gut‐kidney axis. Microbiome products, such as advanced glycation end products, phenols, and indoles, are absorbed into the circulation but are cleared by normal‐functioning kidneys. These products then become toxic and contribute to the uremic load and to the progression of chronic kidney failure. In this review, we discuss the gut‐kidney interaction under the state of chronic kidney failure as well as the potential mechanisms by which a change in the gut flora (termed gut dysbiosis) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) exacerbates uremia and leads to further progression of CKD and inflammation. Finally, the potential therapeutic interventions to target the gut microbiome in CKD are discussed.
Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide is related to systolic but not diastolic myocardial function

The relationship between plasma ANP and systolic and diastolic left ventricular myocardial function, as determined by echocardiography, was investigated Thirty-one patients were examined 24 h after onset of acute myocardial infarction. The systolic parameters measured were: wall motion index (WMI), ejection fraction, systolic volume index and diastolic volume index. Diastolic function was evaluated by mitral flow analysis and isovolumic relaxation time. The following parameters were measured in the mitral flow: peak velocity of early flow, peak velocity of atrial flow, the earlylatrial ratio, deceleration rate of the early flow and atrial filling fraction. A blood sample was drawn from each patient for ANP analysis at the same time as the echocardiographic examination. A correlation between plasma-ANP and systolic function was found (ejection fraction: r= −060, P 010 for all the variables). We conclude that there is a significant correlation between plasma ANP and systolic function, as evaluated by echocardiography 24 h after AMI, whereas there was no corresponding relationship between plasma ANP and diastolic function.
Elastografía cuantitativa por ultrasonido endoscópico en tumor de páncreas, "biopsia virtual": presentación de un caso

Endoscopic ultrasound elastography improves the characterization of the lesion assessed and potentially avoid performing EUS-FNA unnecessary and/or reduce the number of punctures. It is a noninvasive technique for real-time assessment of tissue elasticity; there are two types qualitative and quantitative. It uses a color map (red-green-blue), hard tissue are of dark blue. Recently developed quantitative endoscopic ultrasound elastography which improves the analysis of tissue stiffness by determining the strain ratio. We report a representative case showing the usefulness and application of quantitative elastography in pancreatic tumor.
Prevalencia de lesión escamosa intraepitelial (LEI) y malignidad para las atipias escamosas de significado indeterminado (ASC-US), en población perteneciente a una aseguradora pública en Colombia, 2004 - 2005

Objectives: determining the prevalence of intraepithelial squamous lesions and the diagnostic validity of endocervical curettage in patients having cytology reporting atypical glandular cells.Methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out from January 2000 to June 2006 at La Samaritana teaching hospital, this institution being classified as a third-level hospital in Bogota, Colombia. Selection criteria consisted of complete information being available regarding the patients'cytology concerning having atypical glandular cells, colposcopy and endocervical curettage. SPSS statistical software (version 15) was used for processing the data.Results: the records of 105 women having had a positive cytology for atypical glandular cells were analysed. Cervical intraepithelial lesion prevalence was 53% in women having atypical glandular cells, 7% of them having high grade intraepithelial squamous lesions and 46.5% low grade lesions. Endocervical curettage revealed that 86.7% were negative for lesions and 13.3% had low grade intraepithelial lesions. 22 samples provided insufficient data. Histopathological exocervical epithelium results proved negative in 46.5% of cases; a similar 46.5% had low grade intraepithelial lesions and 7% high grade lesions. Agreement between exocervical biopsy and endocervical curettage resulted in a 0.07 Kappa score.Conclusion: there was a high prevalence of intraepithelial cervical lesion, being found in 53% of women having atypical cells. None of these women had positive result for squamocellular carcinoma or adenocarcenoma.
Un Nobel esperado: descubrimiento de los agentes causales del SIDA y cáncer cervical

On October 6, 2008 the Karolinska Intstitute was publicizing the grant of the Nobel Prize 2008 on Physiology or Medicine to Harald zur Hausen (German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg) "for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer" and to Francoise Barre-Sinoussi (Virology Department, Pasteur Institute, Paris) and to Luc Montagnier (World Foundation for AIDS and Prevention, Paris) "for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus".
Biomarkers in asthmatic inflammation : a study of pharmacological immunomodulation, in vitro and in vivo

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Glucocorticoid administration in antiemetic therapy

Although glucocorticoids are often used in cancer therapy, in particular to enhance the effectiveness of antiemetic therapy, they have been associated with impaired tumor apoptosis and an increased frequency of metastases in some reports. The current study aimed to determine whether glucocorticoid treatment had an adverse effect on outcomes in patients with ovarian carcinoma.
Significance of first arterial carbon dioxide pressure in patients hospitalized with community acquired pneumonia

Introduction : Despite high incidence of community acquired pneumonia (CAP), there is little data about significance of the arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO 2 ) in prediction of CAP prognosis. This study prospectively evaluated the outcome of hospital admitted CAP based on the first PaCO2. Method : From April 2013 to January 2014, CAP patients that admitted in a tertiary university hospital entered in the study. The relation between the first PaCO2 group ( 45) and CURB-65 obtained in emergency ward with duration of hospitalization ( 2weeKs), ICU admission and mortality within 28 days in these patients were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. Results : Seventy five patients (mean Age: 59.8±17.9; Male: 42/75) were included. The frequencies of ICU admission and mortality were 21% and 8% respectively. Mean values for PaCO2, and duration of hospitalization were 41.01±12.8 mmHg, and 13.1±11.8 days respectively. Although PaCO2 had week correlation with duration of hospitalization (r: 0.361; P: 0.004), the relation between PaCO2 with duration of hospitalization, ICU admission, and mortality was not significant (P: 0.708, 0.437, and 0.412 respectively). CURB-65 had significant correlation to duration of hospitalization, ICU admission and mortality (P: 0.01, 0.005 and 0.002 respectively). Conclusion : First PaCO2 level during hospitalization could not be used as a predictor in hospitalized CAP patients. In contrast, CURB-65 is a reliable predictor of outcome in these patients.
Patches of different types for carotid patch angioplasty.

BACKGROUND Carotid patches for carotid endarterectomy may be made from an autologous vein or synthetic material. OBJECTIVES To assess the safety and efficacy of different materials for carotid patch angioplasty. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Stroke Group trials register (last searched 3 August 2009), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library Issue 3, 2009), MEDLINE (1966 to November 2008), EMBASE (1980 to November 2008) and Index to Scientific and Technical Proceedings (1980 to 2008). We handsearched relevant journals and conference proceedings, checked reference lists, and contacted experts in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised and quasi-randomised trials comparing one type of carotid patch with another for carotid endarterectomy. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed eligibility, trial quality, and extracted data. MAIN RESULTS We included 13 trials involving a total of 2083 operations; seven trials compared vein closure with PTFE closure, and six compared Dacron grafts with other synthetic materials. In most trials a patient could be randomised twice and have each carotid artery randomised to different treatment groups. There were no significant differences in the outcomes between vein patches and synthetic materials apart from pseudoaneurysms where there were fewer associated with synthetic patches than vein patches (odds ratio (OR) 0.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.02 to 0.49). However, the numbers involved were small and the clinical significance of this finding is uncertain. Compared to other synthetic patches, Dacron was associated with a higher risk of: perioperative combined stroke and transient ischaemic attack (P = 0.03); restenosis at 30 days (P = 0.004); perioperative stroke (P = 0.07) and perioperative carotid thrombosis (P = 0.1). During follow-up for more than one year, there were also significantly more strokes (P = 0.03), stroke/death (P = 0.02) and arterial restenoses (P < 0.0001) with Dacron but the numbers of outcomes were small and the significance of this finding is uncertain. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The number of outcome events is too small to allow reliable conclusions to be drawn and more trial data are required to establish whether any differences do exist. Nevertheless, there is some evidence that other synthetic (e.g. PTFE) patches may be superior to collagen impregnated Dacron grafts in terms of perioperative stroke rates and restenosis. Pseudoaneurysm formation may be more common after use of a vein patch compared with a synthetic patch.
A comparative study on gender disparity in nutritional status in children under five years in rural and urban communities of Assam, India

Introduction: Under nutrition is a serious public health problem among children in the developing countries. Though the importance of girl child has been stressed time and again, yet a wide level of disparity still exists, whether implicit or explicit, in nutrition and child care both in the rural and urban areas. Different underlying factors are responsible for this disparity. Rationale: Girls face discrimination from the moment she is born. The UNICEF intergenerational cycle of malnutrition stresses on the fact that the problem of malnutrition spans generation and is a vicious cycle. Though the importance of girl child has been stressed time and again, yet a wide level of disparity still exists. Therefore this study is conducted to document the gender disparity in nutritional status and compare rural and urban differences. Objective: 1.To compare the gender disparity in nutritional status in children aged 0-5 years in rural and urban areas.2. To assess the different socio-demographic factors influencing the gender disparity. Materials and Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Kamrup Rural and Kamrup Urban using a pre-tested schedule from August 2013-July 2014.A total of 400 children were examined and their mother’s interviewed. Data was entered into MS-Excel spread sheets for analysis. The statistical analyses were done using SPSS version 16 software. Percentages and Chi square tests were used to analyze epidemiological variables. Results: The prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting in rural area was 31%, 29%, 15.5% respectively whereas in urban it was 39.5%, 36% and 24.5% respectively. In rural area, male child were 32% underweight, 28% stunted and 19% wasted compared to female who were 30% underweight, 30% stunted and 12% wasted. In urban area 48% of female child were underweight, 39% stunted and 27% wasted compared to 31%, 33% and 22% in male child respectively. A significant higher proportion of underweight was found in girls belonging to Muslim religion, OBC category, nuclear family, illiterate unemployed mother and low income. Conclusion: The girl child suffers from malnutrition more in the urban areas than rural area
Impact des vieillissements physiologique et pathologique sur la relation sexuelle

: Numerous authors on sexual behaviors have studied the link between the persistence of a sexually active life and progressive aging. The knowledge of sexual health in the elderly has shown that biological sexual aging is extremely diverse and heterogeneous in men as well as in women, and contradicts the stereotype of age that would inevitably alter the sexual biological response in each human. Sexual diseases (lubrication, dyspareunia, erectile dysfunction, inability to achieve orgasm) and diseases of aging that impact sexual function have a growing incidence but don't never touch 100% of individuals. There is a decline in sexual interest correlated with the life-span, but the negative effects of age on desire are related to health problems. Moreover, sexual desire is more correlated with personal attitudes toward sexuality than with biological factors and diseases. Several predictors account for the pursuit of an active sexuality (including the presence of a partner, good health, having good sexual self-esteem, enjoyable past experience, an attitude that values the importance of sex in couple relationship), but the most decisive factor to successfully face the specific markers of aging is the ability to adapt to a more sensory sexuality, less focused on performance and coitus.
Transcutaneous and Percutaneous Neurostimulation for Headache Disorders

Noninvasive and minimally invasive extracranial stimulation has now been widely investigated for the treatment of primary headache disorders, particularly migraine. In this review, we describe methodological challenges in studying occipital and supraorbital stimulation devices. We explore the efficacy and safety of implantable occipital nerve stimulation for primary headache disorders, including the 3 randomized, sham‐controlled clinical trials for chronic migraine treatment. We also review noninvasive supraorbital transcutaneous stimulation as a preventive therapy for episodic migraine.
Tıbbi Hatalar ve Tıbbi Hata Bildirim Sistemleri

Hasta guvenligi son yillarda saglik bakim kalitesinin gelistirilmesi kapsaminda ele alinan guncel ve onemli konulardan biridir. Tibbi hatalarin azaltilmasi hatta tamamen ortadan kaldirilmasi hasta guvenliginin temel hedefidir. Tibbi hata, saglik hizmeti sunan bir profesyonelin uygun ve etik olmayan bir davranista bulunmasi, mesleki uygulamalarda yetersiz ve ihmalkar davranmasi sonucu hastanin zarar gormesidir. Tibbi hatalarin azaltilmasinda ve onlenmesinde hata bildirim sistemlerinden yararlanilmaktadir. Tibbi hatalari bildiriminde zorunlu ve gonullu raporlandirma kullanilmaktadir. Ozellikle ramak kala hatalarin bildirildigi bir saglik sisteminde hata oranlarinin azalacagi sonucu kacinilmazdir. Bu kapsamda calisanlarin egitilmesi ve kaliteli bakim verilmesinin desteklenmesi buyuk onem tasimaktadir. Saglik sistemi icinde yoneticilerin hata bildirimlerini artirici stratejiler gelistirilmesi ancak bildirim yontemlerinin uygun kullanimi ile gerceklestirilebilecektir. Bu kapsamda ele alinan derleme makalede; tibbi hatalarin tanimi, siniflandirilmasi, bildirimi ve bildirim engelleri, bildirim sistemleri, saglik sistemi ve yonetici hemsirelere katkilari ve bildirimi artirma stratejilerinin aktarilmasi amaclanmaktadir.
The Potential of Virtual Reality to Improve Education on Psychosis

Virtual Reality (VR) techniques are increasingly being used in healthcare education. A number of three dimensional demonstration models of the phenomena seen in psychosis are currently being constructed. Symptoms of psychosis include delusions, hallucinations and thought disorder. Using the Realax Virtual Reality software techniques such as morphing and 3D enhancement of objects are used to reflect these types of illusions. This presentation reports on the models and research examining the potential of VR in the classroom to increase understanding of psychosis and improve educational outcomes. Results indicate the use of Virtual Reality in healthcare education has enormous potential significance in psychiatry and other mental health teaching programs.
Knowledge, Practice, and Barriers of Foot Care among Diabetic Patients Attending Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia

Introduction. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic debilitating condition characterized by an increased blood glucose level and is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and increasing health care cost. Diabetic foot ulcers and lower extremity amputations are a common, complex, costly, and disabling complication of diabetes. An estimated 15% of patients with diabetes develop a lower extremity ulcer. Objective. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, practice, and barriers of diabetic foot self-care among diabetic patients attending Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital. Method. Institution based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 313 diabetic patients using convenient sampling technique. Furthermore, descriptive statistics and binary and multivariate logistic regression were employed to assess the predicators of knowledge and practice of diabetic foot care. Result. Majority of respondents were males (64.9%). The mean age was 39.1 ± 16. The mean knowledge score was 7.5 ± 2.02 of which 56.2% and 43.8% had good and poor knowledge of foot care, respectively. The mean practice score was 25.2 ± 6.466 of which 53.0% had good and the remaining 47.0% had poor foot care practice. Of 162 respondents having barriers, 56.8% reported “poor communication between patients and health care providers,” 50.6% cited “I did not know what to do,” and 44.4% responded “inconveniency for work” as barriers of foot care. Conclusion and Recommendation. Knowledge and practice of foot care of diabetic patients are still substandard. Poor communication between patients and nurses/physicians, lack of adequate knowledge, and inconveniency for work were commonly cited barriers of foot care. Policy makers should initiate interventional foot care education program throughout the regional state. The study hospital should consider establishing a specialized diabetic clinic in which foot care education can easily be integrated into follow-up care.
Evaluación del diagnóstico de Ehrlichia canis mediante frotis sanguíneo y técnica molecular en perros de Costa Rica

The objective of this study was to compare the results of the diagnosis of Ehrlichia canis in blood of dogs from the Central Valley of Costa Rica, using blood smears and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). For this purpose, 300 blood samples of dogs suspected of suffering ehrlichiosis were used. Samples were obtained from different veterinary clinics and had been previously analyzed using blood smears, nested PCR, and, in some cases, the serological technique. In addition, the following information was obtained from each blood sample: geographical location of the veterinary clinic and data from the dog such as race, age, sex, and clinical signs.Of the total 300 samples analyzed, 147 (49.0%) were positive for E. canis, using a nested PCR, while 178 (59.3%) were reported with inclusions using blood smears. However, only 103 (57.9%) of the positive cases using blood smear resulted in the molecular diagnosis of E. canis; while of the 122 negative samples (no inclusions) 44 (36.0%) were positive using the PCR technique. Blood smear testing showed a sensitivity of 70.1% and a specificity of 51.0%; positive and negative predictive values were 57.9% of 63.9%, respectively, compared with the PCR technique. The logistic regression analysis showed a positive association (p<0.05) with the presence of inclusions, but not for age or sex, while highly significant differences were detected using the Student’s T-Test in the average hematocrit and hemoglobin variables between PCR positive and PCR negative dogs. Of the 30 samples previously evaluated by serological tests, 25.0% of seropositive cases and 36.4% of seronegative cases were positive in the molecular diagnosis of E. canis. Low levels of hematocrit and hemoglobin, together with clinical signs and inclusions detected in blood samples, represent a strong indication of ehrlichiosis infection.However, a molecular technique is required to confirm the diagnosis.
Public report on basic education in India

The Public Report of Basic Education in India presents a comprehensive evaluation of the educational system in India. Based on an extensive survey of 200 villages in five states of Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, and Rajasthan, the report gives a voice to thousands of parents, teachers, and children.
Functional Foods: Foods of the Future?

Reviews a conference on functional foods organized by International Business Communications, London, UK, 22 February 1993. Reports on the development of the concept of functional foods in Japan and its recent up‐take in the West. Lists potential ingredients which are being, or could be, included in functional foods with the express purpose of providing certain health benefits to the consumer. States the need for regulations (in the UK functional foods are covered by a general food law) to protect consumers against manufacturers′ false claims and to ensure that the market does not out‐run the scientific basis