Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reliability and validity of the running anaerobic sprint test (RAST) in soccer players

Objectives: To investigate the validity and relative and absolute reliability of the Running Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) in amateur soccer players. Design: Cross-sectional experimental design with an element of repeated measures. Methods: Twenty three males completed the RAST on two occasions and a Wingate test (WAnT) as criterion measure of anaerobic power. Results: Criterion validity for the RAST was strong for peak power (r = 0.70, p < 0.001) and average power (r = 0.60, p = 0.002); however, the RAST significantly underestimated peak power compared to WAnT. The RAST showed very good relative reliability for average power, ICC = 0.88 and good relative reliability for peak power, ICC = 0.72. Assessment of absolute reliability highlighted that although when averaged across a group, test and re-test scores will be similar, when monitoring individuals an individual’s retest score may range between 0.81 and 1.2 times the original value for peak power and between 0.9 and 1.16 for average power. Conclusion: The RAST is a practicable field test to estimate levels of average anaerobic power. However, the results show that the RAST is not sensitive enough to detect strongly individual changes below 20 % and is therefore not recommended to continually monitor an individual’s anaerobic power. Also, if true measures of peak power are required the RAST test is limited. (Journal of Trainology 2016;5:24-29)
Survival of Turtle Doves Streptopelia turtur in relation to western Africa environmental conditions

Survival of Turtle Doves C. Eraud et al. hort comm nicationSurvival of Turtle Doves Streptopelia turtur in relation to western Africa environmental conditions CYRIL ERAUD, 1 * JEAN-MARIE BOUTIN, 1 MARCEL RIVIERE, 3 JACQUES BRUN, 4 CHRISTOPHE BARBRAUD 2 & HERVE LORMEE 1 1 Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France 2 Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chize, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France 3 17 rue du curois, Maisonneuve, 17310 Saint Pierre d’Oleron, France 4 Chemin de la source, 17160 Matha, France
Fast nanoscale heat-flux modulation with phase-change materials

We introduce a concept for electrically controlled heat-flux modulation. A flux contrast larger than 10 dB is expected with switching time on the order of tens of nanoseconds. Heat-flux modulation is based on the interplay between radiative heat transfer at the nanoscale and phase-change materials. Such large contrasts are not obtainable in solids, or in far field. As such, this opens up new horizons for temperature modulation and actuation at the nanoscale.
A formal proof of Hensel's lemma over the p-adic integers

The field of p-adic numbers ℚp and the ring of p-adic integers ℤp are essential constructions of modern number theory. Hensel’s lemma, described by Gouvêa as the “most important algebraic property of the p-adic numbers,” shows the existence of roots of polynomials over ℤp provided an initial seed point. The theorem can be proved for the p-adics with significantly weaker hypotheses than for general rings. We construct ℚp and ℤp in the Lean proof assistant, with various associated algebraic properties, and formally prove a strong form of Hensel’s lemma. The proof lies at the intersection of algebraic and analytic reasoning and demonstrates how the Lean mathematical library handles such a heterogeneous topic.
AN ORIGIN OF THE EQUILIBRIUM LIQUID-LIKE LAYER ON ICE

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. AN ORIGIN OF THE EQUILIBRIUM LIQUID-LIKE LAYER ON ICE N. Fukuta
An attempt at estimating Paris area CO 2 emissions from atmospheric concentration measurements

Abstract. Atmospheric concentration measurements are used to adjust the daily to monthly budget of fossil fuel CO2 emissions of the Paris urban area from the prior estimates established by the Airparif local air quality agency. Five atmospheric monitoring sites are available, including one at the top of the Eiffel Tower. The atmospheric inversion is based on a Bayesian approach, and relies on an atmospheric transport model with a spatial resolution of 2 km with boundary conditions from a global coarse grid transport model. The inversion adjusts prior knowledge about the anthropogenic and biogenic CO2 fluxes from the Airparif inventory and an ecosystem model, respectively, with corrections at a temporal resolution of 6 h, while keeping the spatial distribution from the emission inventory. These corrections are based on assumptions regarding the temporal autocorrelation of prior emissions uncertainties within the daily cycle, and from day to day. The comparison of the measurements against the atmospheric transport simulation driven by the a priori CO2 surface fluxes shows significant differences upwind of the Paris urban area, which suggests a large and uncertain contribution from distant sources and sinks to the CO2 concentration variability. This contribution advocates that the inversion should aim at minimising model–data misfits in upwind–downwind gradients rather than misfits in mole fractions at individual sites. Another conclusion of the direct model–measurement comparison is that the CO2 variability at the top of the Eiffel Tower is large and poorly represented by the model for most wind speeds and directions. The model's inability to reproduce the CO2 variability at the heart of the city makes such measurements ill-suited for the inversion. This and the need to constrain the budgets for the whole city suggests the assimilation of upwind–downwind mole fraction gradients between sites at the edge of the urban area only. The inversion significantly improves the agreement between measured and modelled concentration gradients. Realistic emissions are retrieved for two 30-day periods and suggest a significant overestimate by the AirParif inventory. Similar inversions over longer periods are necessary for a proper evaluation of the optimised CO2 emissions against independent data.
Total tumor RNA pulsed dendritic cells plus adoptive transfer of ex-vivo enriched autologous T-lymphocytes in the treatment of children with primary brain tumors

The therapeutic approach of adoptive lymphocyte transfer (ALT) using lymphocytes primed and expanded ex-vivo by exposure to total tumor RNA (ttRNA) containing dendritic cells (DCs) and administered after lymphodepletive host conditioning in patients with refractory melanoma with brain metastases has shown excellent objective responses indicating that the central nervous system (CNS) is not an immune privileged site and further paved the way for utilization of a similar approach in other cancers. We have shown that the use of ALT + ttRNA DCs following either myeloablative or non-myeloablative host conditioning is feasible and safe and appears to prolong survival in a proportion of children with recurrent medulloblastoma who had failed standard cytotoxic therapy. Further refinements in this promising approach are needed to improve outcomes and extend this treatment to a broad range of CNS malignancies.
FIXED POINT SETS OF DEFORMATIONS OF POLYHEDRA WITH LOCAL CUT POINTS

A locally finite simplicial complex X is said to be 2-dimensionally connected if X-{local cut points of X} is connected. Such spaces exhibit "classical" behavior in that they all admit deformations with one fixed point, and they admit fixed point free deformations if and only if the Euler characteristic is zero. A result of G. -H. Shi implies that, for non 2-dimensionally connected spaces, the fixed point sets of deformations are equivalent to the fixed point sets of certain combinatorial maps which he calls good displacements. U. K. Scholz combined Shi's results with a theorem of P. Eiall to obtain a characterization of all finite simplicial complexes which admit; fixed point free deformations. In this paper we begin by explicitly capturing the combinatorial structure of a non 2-dimensionally connected polyhedron in a bipartite graph. We then apply an extended version of Hall's theorem l;o this graph to get a realization theorem which gives necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a deformation with a prescribed finite fi:ed point set. Scholz's result, and a characterization of all finite simplicial complexes without fixed point free deformations that adnnit deformations with a single fixed point follow immediately from this realization theorem.
The Indian monsoon and its variability

For over 300 years, the monsoon has been viewed as a gigantic land-sea breeze. It is shown in this paper that satellite and conventional observations support an alternative hypothesis, which considers the monsoon as a manifestation of seasonal migration of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). With the focus on the Indian monsoon, the mean seasonal pattern is described, and why it is difficult to simulate it is discussed. Some facets of the intraseasonal variation, such as active-weak cycles; break monsoon; and a special feature of intraseasonal variation over the region, namely, poleward propagations of the ITCZ at intervals of 2-6 weeks, are considered. Vertical moist stability is shown to be a key parameter in the variation of monthly convection over ocean and land as well as poleward propagations. Special features of the Bay of Bengal and the monsoon brought out by observations during a national observational experiment in 1999 are briefly described.
ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF CAMELLIA SINENSIS MEDIATED COPPER NANOPARTICLES AGAINST HT-29, MCF-7 AND MOLT-4 HUMAN CANCER CELL LINES

Objective : With the advancement in nanotechnology, it is imperative to unearth its applications in medicine. Present investigation deals with the copper nanoparticles biosynthesizing capability of the leaves of medicinally important plant, Camellia sinensis . Methods : The phytosynthesized CuNPs were characterized by EDX, NTA, XRD, SEM, TEM and FTIR analysis. In the current study, we have made attempts to exploit the anticancer ability of the copper nanoparticles against HT-29 colon cancer, MCF 7 breast cancer and MOLT-4 leukemia cancer cell lines via SRB assay. We also carried out the synergistic activity with standard drug Adriamycin (ADR). Results : The synthesis of CuNPs was confirmed using EDX analysis where the presence of a strong optical absorption peak was observed at 1 keV, which is typical for the absorption of metallic copper nanoparticles. According to the results obtained, CuNPs showed good antiproliferative results in a dose dependant manner on HT-29 and MCF-7 cell lines, with 80 µg/ml concentration giving the best result. The synergistic effect of CuNPs+ADR was even better than that of CuNPs alone on all the cell lines. The synergism drug combinations showed highly responsive results on the leukemia cell line compared to individual drugs. Conclusion : Among all the treatments and cell lines studied, the most favorable and responsive antiproliferative impact was recorded for CuNPs+ADR combination treatment at 40µg/ml concentration on MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Keywords : CuNPs, Camellia sinensis, Anticancer, Sulforhodamine B assay, HT-29, MCF-7, MOLT-4.
Words and Linear Recurrences

In previous papers, we defined functions fm and cm based on an arithmetical function f0, and determined numbers of restricted words over a finite alphabet counted by these functions. In this paper, we examine the reverse problem: for each of the five specific types of restricted words, we find the initial function f0 such that fm and cm enumerate these words. We derive explicit formulas for fm and cm. Fibonacci, Mersenne, Pell, Jacosthal, Tribonacci, and Padovan numbers all appear as values of fm. We derive their new combinatorial interpretations and the explicit formulas.
Phylogenetic Relationships of Eublepharid Geckos (Reptilia: Squamata): A Molecular Approach

Abstract Phylogenetic analyses were carried out for representatives of all eublepharid genera and a few other gekkonoid taxa using sequence data for 879 base pairs of mitochondrial 12S and 16S ribosomal RNA genes. Neighbor-joining (NJ) distance analysis of the data suggested independent great divergences of Coleonyx and Aeluroscalabotes, and monophyly of the remainder within Eublepharidae (bootstrap proportion [BP]=76%). Of the latter, the two African genera, Hemitheconyx and Holodactylus, were almost certainly monophyletic altogether (BP=99%), whereas their sister-group relationship with Eublepharis received a weaker, but still substantial support (BP=68%). Within Goniurosaurus kuroiwae, G. k. splendens first diverged from the remainder (BP=100%), followed by G. k. kuroiwae from the northern part of Okinawajima (BP=100%): G. k. kuroiwae from the southern part of Okinawajima and G. k. orientalis, differing from each other at only seven bases, diverged finally (BP=99%). Parsimony analysis yielded results consistent with those of NJ analysis with respect to the monophyly of the two African genera and relationships within G. kuroiwae, but retained the other relationships within Eublepharidae unresolved. Our results, while showing no serious discrepancies with the relationships among eublepharid genera hypothesized from morphological data, cast a serious doubt to the currently accepted population systematics within G. kuroiwae. Furthermore, results of both analyses suggested a closer affinity of Diplodactylinae (as represented by Rhacodactylus trachyrhynchus) with Eublepharidae, rather than with Gekkoninae. Our study lends a robust support to the Laurasian origin of the family Eublepharidae.
Aromatase enzyme activity during gonadal sex differentiation in alligator embryos

Sexual differentiation of the gonads in Alligator mississippiensis and many other oviparous reptiles is controlled by egg incubation temperature. Estrogens are thought to play a role in this process, and it has been hypothesized that estrogen production is thermosensitive in species with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD). Using the tritiated water assay, we measured the activity of the critical estrogen-synthesising enzyme, P450 aromatase, in the gonad-adrenal-mesonephric kidney complex (GAM) of alligator embryos incubated at male- and female-producing temperatures. Aromatase activity increased in the GAM of developing embryos incubated at 30° C (100% female-producing) and 34.5° C (predominantly female-producing), while it remained very low throughout development in embryos incubated at the intermediate temperature of 33° C (100% male-producing). However, it is unclear whether enhanced aromatase activity represents the initial signal for ovary differentiation or whether it lies downstream in the female developmental pathway. For embryos incubated at 30° C (female-producing), there was no detectable increase in aromatase activity until developmental stage 24, which is after the temperature-sensitive period for sex determination. This suggests that aromatase may be a downstream component of the ovary-determining cascade. In female alligator hatchlings, most of the aromatase activity was localised in the ovary, activity being low in the adrenal-mesonephros. Aromatase assays carried out at 30° C and at 33° C indicated that, at viable incubation temperatures, aromatase activity is not thermosensitive. This suggests that temperature directly or indirectly influences enzyme synthesis. Radioimmunoassay of estradiol synthesised by the GAM during the aromatase assay confirmed increased enzyme activity during female development but not during male development. Increased aromatase activity and estrogen synthesis during female development were correlated with the timing of ovary differentiation, particularly proliferation of the gonadal cortex. These findings implicate aromatase in temperature-dependent gonadal sex differentiation in alligator embryos, higher enzyme activity being associated with ovary development.
Total Flux Density Variations in Extragalactic Radio Sources. III. Doppler Boosting Factors, Lorentz Factors, and Viewing Angles for Active Galactic Nuclei

We have calculated Doppler boosting factors, Dvar, for a sample of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) using total flux density variation monitoring data at 22 and 37 GHz. We argue that this method is more accurate than the other commonly used methods based on the synchrotron self-Compton X-ray flux or equipartition of energy. We compare our Doppler factors with other results and conclude that even if the average Dvar for a class of sources is very similar to all others, the variability Doppler factors for individual objects are more accurate and reliable. An important application of precise Doppler factors is presented, namely, calculating the Lorentz factors, Γ, and the viewing angles, θ, of relativistic outflows inAGNs. We find that high-polarization quasars have the greatest Doppler boosting, while low-polarizationquasars and BL Lac objects are less boosted. The two groups of quasars show different characteristics because of different combinations of the Lorentz factor and viewing angle, rather than either a different Γ or θ alone.
Screening of Renal Function in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Chronic kidney disease affects millions of people worldwide and is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality as a result of kidney failure and cardiovascular disease. Accurate assessment of kidney function is important in the clinical setting as a screening tool and for monitoring disease progression and guiding prognosis. In clinical research, the development of new methods to measure kidney function accurately is important in the search for new therapeutic targets and the discovery of novel biomarkers to aid early identification of kidney injury. This review considers different methods for measuring kidney function and their contribution to the improvement of detection, monitoring and treatment of chronic kidneydisease.
A Fitted-Q Algorithm for Budgeted MDPs

We address the problem of budgeted reinforcement learning, in continuous state-space, using a batch of transitions. To this extend, we introduce a novel algorithm called Budgeted Fitted-Q (BFTQ). Benchmarks show that BFTQ performs as well as a regular Fitted-Q algorithm in a continuous 2-D world but also allows one to choose the right amount of budget that fits to a given task without the need of engineering the rewards. We believe that the general principles used to design BFTQ can be applied to extend others classical reinforcement learning algorithms for budgeted oriented applications.
Shear bond strength of endodontic sealers to dentin with and without smear layer and gutta percha (An in vitro study)

The bond strength of root canal sealers to dentin and gutta-percha seems to be an important property for maintaining the stability of root canal filling, which potentially influences both leakage and root strength. The objective of this, in vitro, study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of three different endodontic sealers (Gutta- Flow, AH Plus, Apexit Plus) to dentin, in the presence and absence of the smear layer and gutta percha. Material and Methods: After slicing off the occlusal 2mm of 60 extracted human maxillary premolar teeth, the exposed dentin served as the tested surfaces; the teeth were fixed with cold cure acrylic, and were divided into two groups according to the smear layer presence, group A without smear layer, when dentin surfaces were irrigated with EDTA 17% followed by distilled water then subdivided into 3 subgroups according to the type of sealer used; group B when dentin surfaces were washed with distilled water only, then subdivided into 3 subgroups. Thirty samples of gutta-percha were prepared and named as group C which was subdivided into 3 subgroups. Five mm long section of polyethylene tubes were placed on the dentin or gutta percha surfaces and filled with freshly mixed sealer. After one week, all the samples were tested for shear bond strength by the Instron Universal Testing Machine at a cross head speed of 0.5 mm/min. The data was calculated in MPa and was statistically analyzed Result: There was a highly significant difference in the shear bond strength (P < 0.05) in comparison among the tested groups, GuttaFlow showed non-significant difference in bond strength to dentin with and without smear layer, while AH Plus and Apexit Plus showed a high significant difference. Conclusions: AHPlus showed the highest shear bond strength in all the tested samples, while GuttaFlow was the least. Additionally, AH Plus and Apexit Plus shear bond strengths were affected by the smear layer removal, while GuttaFlow was not.
Methods for the Aesthetic Evaluation of Breast Cancer Conservation Treatment: A Technological Review

Breast-conserving approaches aim to attain better aesthetic results in addition to local control and achieving survival rates equivalent to mastectomy in patients with breast cancer. While the oncologic outcome of breast conserva- tion procedures is easily estimated objectively by disease-free and overall survival rates, the cosmetic outcome has no standard of evaluation. Although breast conservation techniques have been widely studied, different forms of evaluation and heterogeneous working practices have contributed to different aesthetic results. As this scenario suggests, the evalua- tion of aesthetic results should be mandatory in any institution performing breast cancer treatment, contributing to the im- provement of current strategies by enabling the identification of variables which have a significant impact on the final aes- thetic result. In the process of assessing cosmetic outcomes there are several important issues that should be considered: which factors have a crucial impact on the cosmetic outcome of Breast Cancer Conservation Treatment (BCCT); which parameters or features should be evaluated in the cosmetic assessment of BCCT; how patients are evaluated; which scales are used in this evaluation; which methods and technological solutions are available for the evaluation of cosmetic results of BCCT. In this paper we try to discuss all these questions, with an emphasis on the objective methods and corresponding tech- nologies used in the aesthetic evaluation of BCCT. The most relevant publications related to the mentioned topics are pre- sented, critically analysed and put in chronological perspective. Current and future trends are also discussed.