Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF MODULAR AUTOMATIC SUMMARISATION SYSTEMS USING CAST

The information overload faced by today’s society poses great challenges to researchers who want to find a relevant piece of information. Automatic summarisation is a field of computational linguistics which can help humans to deal with this information overload by automatically extracting the gist of documents. This thesis attempts to gain insights into the automatic summarisation field from several different angles. First, it performs qualitative, quantitative and comparative evaluations of different automatic summarisation methods. These summarisation methods are built around a term-based summariser which is then augmented with additional linguistic information which includes lexical, semantic and discourse information. On the basis of these evaluations, it was noticed that the choice of modules which provide low-level linguistic information (e.g. morphological processors) does not influence the results significantly, but higher level linguistic information, such as anaphora resolution and shallow information about discourse structure, leads to significant improvements of the summaries. In order to have a comprehensive view of how good summaries produced by a given method are, the evaluation performed in this thesis measures both the informativeness of the summaries produced and the quality of their discourse structure. Moreover, a method which determines the upper limit for informativeness is proposed to demonstrate the limits of extraction techniques. Comparison between the informativeness and the quality of discourse reveals no correlation between them. A third direction pursued in this research is to replace conventional iterative extraction methods, which extract one sentence at a time without considering the
Discovery of [(2R,5R)‐5‐{[(5‐Fluoropyridin‐2‐yl)oxy]methyl}‐2‐methylpiperidin‐1‐yl][5‐methyl‐2‐(pyrimidin‐2‐yl)phenyl]methanone (MK‐6096): A Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonist with Potent Sleep‐Promoting Properties

Insomnia is a common disorder that can be comorbid with other physical and psychological illnesses. Traditional management of insomnia relies on general central nervous system (CNS) suppression using GABA modulators. Many of these agents fail to meet patient needs with respect to sleep onset, maintenance, and next‐day residual effects and have issues related to tolerance, memory disturbances, and balance. Orexin neuropeptides are central regulators of wakefulness, and orexin antagonism has been identified as a novel mechanism for treating insomnia with clinical proof of concept. Herein we describe the discovery of a series of α‐methylpiperidine carboxamide dual orexin 1 and orexin 2 receptor (OX1R/OX2R) antagonists (DORAs). The design of these molecules was inspired by earlier work from this laboratory in understanding preferred conformational properties for potent orexin receptor binding. Minimization of 1,3‐allylic strain interactions was used as a design principle to synthesize 2,5‐disubstituted piperidine carboxamides with axially oriented substituents including DORA 28. DORA 28 (MK‐6096) has exceptional in vivo activity in preclinical sleep models, and has advanced into phase II clinical trials for the treatment of insomnia.
Migrated Hopene Synthases from Colysis pothifolia and Identification of a Migration Switch Controlling the Number of 1,2‐Hydride and Methyl Shifts

Ferns are known to produce triterpenes, derived from squalene, that are synthesized by squalene cyclases (SCs). Among these, Colysis species produce onoceroids, the bis‐cyclic skeleton of which can be cyclized from both termini of squalene. To gain insight into the molecular basis of triterpene structural diversity, cDNA cloning of SCs from C. elliptica and C. pothifolia was performed; this leads to the isolation of five SC cDNAs. Functional analysis of these clones revealed their enzymatic products to be hop‐22(29)‐ene, α‐polypodatetraene, and hop‐17(21)‐ene. One of these clones (CPF) is a transcribed pseudogene with a 22‐nucleotide deletion causing a nonsense mutation. To predict the inherent function of CPF, we constructed an insertion mutant of CPF that successfully converted inert CPF to the active SC, the product of which is fern‐9(11)‐ene. Subsequent mutations identified active‐site residues that control the number of 1,2‐hydride and methyl shifts.
Qrypt0 - Encrypted Short Messages Exchanged between Offline Computers

A system is described for exchanging encrypted short messages between computers which remain permanently isolated from any network accessible to the attacker. The main advantage is effective protection of these computers from malware which could circumvent the encryption. For transmission, the ciphertext is passed between isolated and connected computers in the form of a QR code, which is displayed on and scanned from a screen. The security of qrypt0 therefore rests on the cryptography and the computer's physical isolation rather than on the computer security of the encrypting device.
Editorial comment--North, south: changing directions in cardiovascular epidemiology.

Despite impressive declines in cardiovascular disease (CVD) over the last half-century, stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD) still constitute the greatest disease burden in the developed world. Moreover, there is accumulating evidence that developing countries will be faced with stroke and CHD epidemics in the relatively near future.1 Much of our understanding of the etiology of CVD has been gained from prospective cohort studies such as the British Regional Heart Study (BRHS), and in this issue of Stroke , Morris and colleagues2 supplement a previous report from this study of geographical patterns of CHD incidence3 by extending the length of follow-up and examining geographical variations in stroke. The BRHS is an ideal study for investigating the geographical inequalities in CVD. Indeed, the study was established with this aim in mind, specifically to test the hypothesis that water quality was a determinant of CVD risk, which proved not to be the case.4 However, despite the fact that the study generated >250 articles, mostly on the causes and consequences of CVD, it was not until 2001 (>20 years after the initiation of the study) that the “definitive paper about the causes of regional variation in coronary heart disease appeared. ”5 This most recent contribution is therefore welcome. The authors found that among men the risks of both CHD and stroke were greater in the rest of Britain compared with the south of England and that this …
Smoothing control of wind generator output fluctuations using multiple small capacity generators

Renewable energy has to perform pivotal role in the development of present world as the globe has limited amount of fossil fuel. Wind energy is one of the prospective clean energy to provide reliable power but the intermittent nature of wind generation makes its operation and planning a major challenge to use wind as a source of power. In order to develop power system stability, it is essential for wind farm to control the frequency. In a power system different types of governor control system are used and their characteristics are also different. So, this study investigated the combined effect of different types of governor control system on the power system stability. It is examined that wind generator capacity can be increased up to 15% of the total capacity by maintaining frequency fluctuation to the acceptable limit using several number of wind generators connecting in parallel instead of similar capacity single wind generator.
Exploring the population-level impact of antiretroviral treatment: the influence of baseline intervention context

Objective:To compare the potential population-level impact of expanding antiretroviral treatment (ART) in HIV epidemics concentrated among female sex workers (FSWs) and clients, with and without existing condom-based FSW interventions. Design:Mathematical model of heterosexual HIV transmission in south India. Methods:We simulated HIV epidemics in three districts to assess the 10-year impact of existing ART programs (ART eligibility at CD4+ cell count ⩽350) beyond that achieved with high condom use, and the incremental benefit of expanding ART by either increasing ART eligibility, improving access to care, or prioritizing ART expansion to FSWs/clients. Impact was estimated in the total population (including FSWs and clients). Results:In the presence of existing condom-based interventions, existing ART programs (medium-to-good coverage) were predicted to avert 11–28% of remaining HIV infections between 2014 and 2024. Increasing eligibility to all risk groups prevented an incremental 1–15% over existing ART programs, compared with 29–53% when maximizing access to all risk groups. If there was no condom-based intervention, and only poor ART coverage, then expanding ART prevented a larger absolute number but a smaller relative fraction of HIV infections for every additional person-year of ART. Across districts and baseline interventions, for every additional person-year of treatment, prioritizing access to FSWs was most efficient (and resource saving), followed by prioritizing access to FSWs and clients. Conclusion:The relative and absolute benefit of ART expansion depends on baseline condom use, ART coverage, and epidemic size. In south India, maximizing FSWs’ access to care, followed by maximizing clients’ access are the most efficient ways to expand ART for HIV prevention, across baseline intervention context.
Regulation of FAS Ligand Expression by Chemokine Ligand 2 in Human Endometrial Cells

Abstract Human endometrium is a dynamic tissue under the influence of numerous hormones, growth factors, and cytokines interacting to maintain a balance of cellular growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. We have previously demonstrated that several factors including interleukin-8, extracellular matrix, and steroid hormones modulate FASLG, one of the apoptotic molecules, in human endometrium. Chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), a monocyte chemoattractant and activating factor, is a cytokine involved in endometrial function. CCL2 is elevated in the peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis. We hypothesize that increased levels of CCL2 in the endometriotic environment may upregulate FASLG expression in human endometrial stromal cells and induce a local immunotolerance in endometriosis. To test our hypothesis, we studied the in vitro regulation of FASLG expression and apoptosis by CCL2 in endometrial stromal cells. Western blot analysis revealed that CCL2 upregulated FASLG protein expression in cultured endometrial stromal cells. Based on semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis, CCL2 did not alter either FAS or FASLG mRNA expression in endometrial stromal cells. Immunocytochemistry results from the same cells treated with CCL2 demonstrated upregulation of FASLG protein expression. CCL2 did not change rate of apoptosis in endometrial stromal cells as evaluated by TUNEL assay. However, an increased apoptotic rate was detected in Jurkat (T lymphocytes) cells cocultured with endometrial stromal cells previously treated with CCL2. We speculate that increased FASLG expression by CCL2 may induce apoptosis of T lymphocytes and thus produce an immunotolerant environment for the development of ectopic implants.
Keeping the Soma Free of Transposons: Programmed DNA Elimination in Ciliates*

Many transposon-related sequences are removed from the somatic macronucleus of ciliates during sexual reproduction. In the ciliate Tetrahymena, an RNAi-related mechanism produces small noncoding RNAs that induce heterochromatin formation, which is followed by DNA elimination. Because RNAi-related mechanisms repress transposon activities in a variety of eukaryotes, the DNA elimination mechanism of ciliates might have evolved from these types of transposon-silencing mechanisms. Nuclear dimorphism allows ciliates to identify any DNA that has invaded the germ-line micronucleus using small RNAs and a whole genome comparison of the micronucleus and the somatic macronucleus.
Sulfated Glycans Stimulate Endocytosis of the Cellular Isoform of the Prion Protein, PrPC, in Cultured Cells (*)

There is currently no effective therapy for human prion diseases. However, several polyanionic glycans, including pentosan sulfate and dextran sulfate, prolong the incubation time of scrapie in rodents, and inhibit the production of the scrapie isoform of the prion protein (PrPSc), the major component of infectious prions, in cultured neuroblastoma cells. We report here that pentosan sulfate and related compounds rapidly and dramatically reduce the amount of PrPC, the non-infectious precursor of PrPSc, present on the cell surface. This effect results primarily from the ability of these agents to stimulate endocytosis of PrPC, thereby causing a redistribution of the protein from the plasma membrane to the cell interior. Pentosan sulfate also causes a change in the ultrastructural localization of PrPC, such that a portion of the protein molecules are shifted into late endosomes and/or lysosomes. In addition, we demonstrate, using PrP-containing bacterial fusion proteins, that cultured cells express saturable and specific surface binding sites for PrP, many of which are glycosaminoglycan molecules. Our results raise the possibility that sulfated glycans inhibit prion production by altering the cellular localization of PrPC precursor, and they indicate that endogenous proteoglycans are likely to play an important role in the cellular metabolism of both PrPC and PrPSc.
The geometry of the curve graph of a right-angled Artin group

We develop an analogy between right-angled Artin groups and mapping class groups through the geometry of their actions on the extension graph and the curve graph respectively. The central result in this paper is the fact that each right-angled Artin group acts acylindrically on its extension graph. From this result we are able to develop a Nielsen--Thurston classification for elements in the right-angled Artin group. Our analogy spans both the algebra regarding subgroups of right-angled Artin groups and mapping class groups, as well as the geometry of the extension graph and the curve graph. On the geometric side, we establish an analogue of Masur and Minsky's Bounded Geodesic Image Theorem and their distance formula.
Complete Genome Sequence of Phodopus sungorus Papillomavirus Type 1 (PsPV1), a Novel Member of the Pipapillomavirus Genus, Isolated from a Siberian Hamster

ABSTRACT We report the complete genomic sequence of Phodopus sungorus papillomavirus type 1 (PsPV1), isolated from an anogenital lesion of a Siberian hamster. PsPV1 is taxonomically classified in the genus Pipapillomavirus and is most closely related to Mesocricetus auratus papillomavirus 1 (MaPV1).
Assessment of the morbidity and complications of total thyroidectomy.

OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence and predictive factors for complications after total thyroidectomy. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of a national database on total thyroidectomy cases. METHODS The National Hospital Data Survey database was examined and all cases of total thyroidectomy performed during 1995 to 1999 were extracted. In addition to demographic information, postoperative complications including hypocalcemia, recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis, wound complications, and medical morbidities were identified. Statistical analysis was conducted to determine potential predictive factors for postoperative complications. RESULTS A total of 517 patients were identified (mean age, 48.3 years). The most common indications for total thyroidectomy were thyroid malignancy and goiter (73.9% of cases). Eighty-one patients (15.7%) underwent an associated nodal dissection along with total thyroidectomy, and 16 patients (3.1%) underwent parathyroid reimplantation. The mean length of stay was 2.5 days (95% confidence interval, 2.3-2.8 days). The incidence of postoperative wound hematoma was 1.0%, wound infection was 0.2%, and mortality rate was 0.2%. The incidence of postoperative hypocalcemia was 6.2%. Younger age was statistically associated with an increased incidence of hypocalcemia (P =.002, t test), whereas sex (P =.48), indication for surgery (P =.32), parathyroid reimplantation (P>.99), and associated neck dissection (P =.21) were not. The mean length of stay was 2.5 days and was unaffected by occurrence of postoperative hypocalcemia. The incidences of unilateral and bilateral vocal cord paralyses were 0.77% and 0.39%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Postoperative hypocalcemia is the most common immediate surgical complication of total thyroidectomy. Other complications, including recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis, can be expected at rates approximating 1%.
Field computation in inhomogeneous media using successive projections

We formulate a successive projections approach to computing field scattering by inhomogeneous electromagnetic media. Solutions for the projections are derived in the space and space-harmonic domains. The key projections are shown to be expressible in terms of homogeneous-media Green's functions with complex wavenumbers, indicating possibilities for evaluation using existing representations and parallel techniques. An efficient implementation using three-dimensional FFTs is described and results illustrate convergence and accuracy.
Antiferroelectric-like properties and enhanced polarization of Cu-doped K0.5Na0.5NbO3 piezoelectric ceramics

Abnormal evolution of ferroelectric hysteresis (P-E) loops was observed in Cu-doped K0.5Na0. 5NbO3 (KNN) ceramics. The 1 mol. % Cu-doped fresh sample exhibited double-loop-like characteristics, while the 1.5 and 2 mol. % Cu-doped KNN ceramics showed normal single loops. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra verified the formation of non-switchable (CuNb‴−VO••) ′ (DC1) and non-polar (VO••−CuNb‴−VO••)• (DC2) defect complexes in these ceramics. According to the experimental results, it is suggested that DC1 would provide the driving force for domain back-switching, leading to the double P-E loops, while DC2 would contribute to the space charges. Dielectric aging behaviors of the samples also supported this mechanism. It is the competition between the DC1 and DC2 defect complexes that induced the observed compositional evolution of P-E loops in the Cu-doped KNN ceramics.
PTSD in the elderly: the interaction between trauma and aging

ABSTRACT Background: Because an increasingly large cohort of individuals is approaching their elderly years, there is concern about how the healthcare system will cope with the greater demands placed upon it. One area of concern is the impact of trauma and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the aged. Although several reviews have highlighted the lack of knowledge and research on the topic, there still remain gaps in the literature. Nevertheless, some recent behavioral, endocrinological and neuroimaging studies may provide new insights into the discussion. The central aims of this paper are to summarize the etiological, epidemiological and clinical aspects of PTSD, trauma, and the elderly, and to integrate this knowledge with (i) what is known about PTSD in adults, and (ii) the behavioral, hormonal and cerebral changes associated with healthy aging. Methods: A comprehensive search was performed with ISI Web of Science and PubMed for articles pertinent to the psychology and biology of PTSD, trauma, and the elderly. Results: There exist both significant similarities and differences between adults and elderly with PTSD concerning cognitive and biological profile. Evidence suggests that PTSD in the elderly does not follow a simple clinical trajectory. Conclusions: PTSD in the elderly must be considered within the context of normal aging. Strong claims about an interaction between PTSD and aging are difficult to make due to sample heterogeneity, but it is clear that PTSD in this age group presents unique aspects not seen in younger cohorts. Further research must integrate their studies with the biological, psychological, and social changes already associated with the aging process.
A 980μW 5.2dB-NF current-reused direct-conversion bluetooth-low-energy receiver in 40nm CMOS

This work presents a 980μW direct-conversion BLE receiver at a 1V supply, employing current-reuse and subthreshold techniques. The receiver has a measured noise figure of 5.2dB, integrated from 10kHz to 1MHz, that corresponds to a sensitivity of −95.8dBm. At a receiver gain of 47dB, an HP3 of −19.7dBm has been measured. The LO integrated phase noise at 2.4GHz is 0.83° with LO spot phase noise of −119.9dBc/Hz at 3MHz frequency offset. The PLL is compacted inside the VCO inductor and has LC-VCO with a tuning range of 4.55GHz to 5.15GHz. Multiple μW-level feedback control loops are used in the design to make it robust over PVT variation. The prototype is implemented in a 40nm LP CMOS process occupying a silicon area of 0.7mm2. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed receiver achieves the highest reported figure of merit among the BLE receivers published in the literature.
The Protein Translocation Apparatus Contributes to Determining the Topology of an Integral Membrane Protein in Escherichia coli *

The assembly of integral membrane proteins is determined by features of these proteins and the protein translocation apparatus. We used alkaline phosphatase fusions to the membrane protein MalF to investigate the role of the protein translocation machinery in the arrangement of proteins in the cytoplasmic membrane ofEscherichia coli. In particular, we studied the effects ofprlA mutations on membrane protein topology. These mutations lie in the secY gene, which encodes a core component of the protein translocation apparatus. We find that the topology of some of the fusion proteins is changed and, in one case, is completely inverted in prlA mutants. We discuss the mechanism of prlA-mediated export and the role of the protein translocation apparatus in contributing to membrane protein topology.
Human De Novo Papillary Renal‐Cell Carcinomas in a Kidney Graft: Evidence of Recipient Origin With Adenoma‐Carcinoma Sequence

Papillary renal‐cell carcinoma (pRCC) is unusual for its occurrence in kidneys with chronic dysfunction, for its frequent multifocality and for its common association with papillary adenoma, a benign renal lesion morphologically indistinguishable from pRCC. Concomitant development of papillary adenoma and pRCC in five transplanted kidneys, where donor and recipient characteristics are well established, provided a unique opportunity for molecular studies of de novo pRCC carcinogenesis. We aimed to study this tumor type to determine whether or not the different papillary tumors have the same origin, and whether or not papillary adenomas are precursor lesions of pRCC. We performed XY‐FISH in sex‐mismatched kidney transplants, and polymorphic microsatellite DNA and high‐resolution melting of mitochondrial DNA analyzes in all five patients on laser‐microdissected tumor cells, then compared these molecular profiles to donor and recipient profiles. This study (i) identified the recipient origin of de novo papillary adenomas and pRCCs in a kidney transplant, (ii) demonstrated an identical origin for precursor cells of papillary adenomas and pRCCs and (iii) showed additional genetic alterations in pRCCs compared to papillary adenomas. This molecular approach of papillary tumors developed in transplanted kidney identified successive steps in carcinogenesis of human de novo papillary renal‐cell carcinoma.