Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Complex-BP-Neural-Network-based Hybrid Precoding for Millimeter Wave Multiuser Massive MIMO Systems

The high energy consumption of massive multi-input multi-out (MIMO) system has become a prominent problem in the millimeter wave(mm-Wave) communication scenario. The hybrid precoding technology greatly reduces the number of radio frequency (RE) chains by handing over part of the coding work to the phase shifting network, which can effectively improve energy efficiency. However, conventional hybrid precoding algorithms based on mathematical means often suffer from performance loss and high computational complexity. In this paper, a novel BPneural-network-enabled hybrid precoding algorithm is proposed, in which the full-digital zero-forcing(ZF) precoding is set as the training target. Considering that signals at the base station are complex, we choose the complex neural network that has a richer representational capacity. Besides, we present the activation function of the complex neural network and the gradient derivation of the back propagation process. Simulation results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed hybrid precoding algorithm can optimally approximate the ZF precoding.
DEDUCE: Diverse scEne Detection methods in Unseen Challenging Environments

In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in the number of service robots deployed for aiding people in their daily activities. Unfortunately, most of these robots require human input for training in order to do tasks in indoor environments. Successful domestic navigation often requires access to semantic information about the environment, which can be learned without human guidance. In this paper, we propose a set of DEDUCE1 -Diverse scEne Detection methods in Unseen Challenging Environments algorithms which incorporate deep fusion models derived from scene recognition systems and object detectors. The five methods described here have been evaluated on several popular recent image datasets, as well as real-world videos acquired through multiple mobile platforms. The final results show an improvement over the existing state-of-the-art visual place recognition systems.1Supplementary material including code and the videos of the different experiments are available at https://sites.google. com/eng.ucsd. edu/deduce.
Gate Leakage Suppression and Breakdown Voltage Enhancement in p-GaN HEMTs Using Metal/Graphene Gates

In this article, single-layer intrinsic and fluorinated graphene were investigated as gate insertion layers in normally- OFF p-gallium nitride (GaN) gate high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs), which wraps around the bottom of the gate forming Ti/graphene/p-GaN at the bottom and Ti/graphene/SiNx on the two sides. Compared to the Au/Ti/p-GaN HEMTs without graphene, the insertion of graphene can increase the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}} / { \mathrm{I}}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle OFF}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ratios by a factor of 50, increase the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${V}_{\text {TH}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> by 0.30 V and reduce the OFF-state gate leakage by 50 times. Additionally, this novel gate structure has better thermal stability. After thermal annealing at 350 °C, gate breakdown voltage (BV) holds at 12.1 V. This is considered to be a result of the 0.24 eV increase in Schottky barrier height and the better quality of the Ti/graphene/p-GaN and Ti/graphene/SiNx interfaces. This approach is very effective in improving the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle ON}} / {I}_{ \mathrm{\scriptscriptstyle OFF}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ratio and gate BV of normally- OFF GaN HEMTs.
Online Primal-Dual Mirror Descent under Stochastic Constraints

We consider online convex optimization with stochastic constraints where the objective functions are arbitrarily time-varying and the constraint functions are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) over time. Both the objective and constraint functions are revealed after the decision is made at each time slot. The best known expected regret for solving such a problem is $\mathcalO (\sqrtT )$, with a coefficient that is polynomial in the dimension of the decision variable and relies on theSlater condition (i.e. the existence of interior point assumption), which is restrictive and in particular precludes treating equality constraints. In this paper, we show that such Slater condition is in fact not needed. We propose a newprimal-dual mirror descent algorithm and show that one can attain $\mathcalO (\sqrtT )$ regret and constraint violation under a much weaker Lagrange multiplier assumption, allowing general equality constraints and significantly relaxing the previous Slater conditions. Along the way, for the case where decisions are contained in a probability simplex, we reduce the coefficient to have only a logarithmic dependence on the decision variable dimension. Such a dependence has long been known in the literature on mirror descent but seems new in this new constrained online learning scenario. Simulation experiments on a data center server provision problem with real electricity price traces further demonstrate the performance of our proposed algorithm.
Struktur Sel Epidermis dan Stomata Daun Beberapa Tumbuhan Suku Orchidaceae

Abstrak Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk menentukan struktur sel epidermis dan stomata pada beberapa tumbuhan anggota suku Orchidaceae yang merupakan anggota marga Arachnis, Phalaenopsis dan Vanilla. Metode deskriptif digunakan untuk menggambarkan struktur sel epidermis dan stomata daun anggrek kalajengking, anggrek bulan dan vanili berdasarkan pengamatan irisan memanjang sel-sel epidermis pada permukaan bawah daun dengan mikroskop cahaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya variasi struktur sel epidermis dan stomata anomositik seperti pada tumbuhan dikotil. Kata kunci: anggrek bulan, anggrek kalajengking, sel epidermis, stomata, vanili Abstract A research was conducted to determine the structure of epidermis and stomata cells on several Orchidaceae plants, such as genus Arachnis, Phalaenopsis and Vanilla. The descriptive method was used to describe the structure of epidermis and leaf stomata cells of scorpion orchids, moon orchids and vanilla by observing the epidermis of longitudinal section of lower leaf using light microscope. The research result showed that these plants had various structure of epidermis cells and had anomocytic type of stomata cells that was similar to dicotyledon plants. Keywords: epidermis cell, moon orchids, scorpion orchids, stomata, vanilla
Water-related defects in quartz

Themode of incorporation of water and trace elements into silica matrices was studied in natural quartz of various origins: hydrothermal, magmatic, pegmatitic, and generations of vein quartz related to ore mineralization. Several methods were used toward identifying different manifesta- tions of water-trace element defects. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), as a unique direct tool for the imaging and identification of lattice defects, played an important role. IRS, TG, chemical analysis (AAS), X-ray microprobe, X-ray powder diffraction, and EPR were used for obtaining additional in- formation on the nature of the complex defects. As a result, we propose a model for the combined silica-water-trace element defect (2SiO3 -O H 2 - M n+ 2M m+ O'4) (where is a vacancy, O' is O and other volatiles such as S, Cl, etc.), called an aqua-complex. Aqua-complexes are units of the min- eral-forming medium. Quartz (SiO2), which corresponds to the left part of aqua-complex, is crystallized as a result of disintegration of the whole species. Non-disintegrated aqua-complexes become trapped during the formation of quartz. Single aqua-complexes are crystallographically accommodated into the SiO4 framework, whereas their unordered segregations, which are actually micro-portions of the mineral-forming medium, are incorporated into the silica bulk as glass-like inclusions ("gel-defects"). Aqua-complexes are metastable species in quartz. During post-crystallization cooling of the mineral they may disintegrate into water-containing bubbles saturated with basic radicals, and acidic and volatile elements. As the thermodynamic parameters in the mineral system change, the aqua-complex constituents H (H2O) and foreign cations M n+ and M m+ migrate through the SiO4-lattice, which also be- comes rearranged in this process. Such properties of the aqua-complex explain the elusive character of water-related defects in quartz.
Eutectic System Based on Urea and Potassium Sodium Tartrate

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are considered as better alternative solvents in chemical and physical processes. The binary mixture of urea and potassium sodium tartrate is explored in this study. A eutectic system is determined at composition made up of 33% potassium sodium tartrate and 67% urea (1:2 molar ratio). This eutectic system has a freezing point of 19.83 ± 0.76 °C, density of 1.1971 ± 0.0003 g mL-1, and viscosity of 34.4226 ± 0.0665 cP. The most stable conformation for the adduct of urea and potassium sodium tartrate with water molecules was determined through density functional calculations. The gas phase total energy for the adduct was determined as -5576863 kJ mol-1. Electrostatic interactions between the cations and the carboxylate sites are present, H-bonding between protons of urea and the hydroxyl oxygen of the tartrate, and intramolecular H-bonding between the hydroxyl and carboxylate sites of tartrate are accounted in the structure. The total energy associated with nonbonding interactions is computed as -826 kJ mol-1, which suggests that these interactions stabilize the formation of the DES system of potassium sodium tartrate and urea.
Phytochemical investigation and evaluation of antimicrobial activities of stem bark of Morella salicifolia

The Morella salicifolia bark is used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of toothache, headache and stomachache in the eastern Ethiopia. The stem bark of the plant was sequentially extracted with: petroleum ether, chloroform and chloroform/methanol (1:1) using Soxhlet apparatus. Phytochemical screenings tests were conducted on of stem bark this plant extracts were performed on petroleum ether, chloroform and chloroform/methanol (1:1) crude extracts. The results showed presence of alkaloid, tannins, saponins, flavonoid, protein, and triterpenoids in the petroleum ether extract; alkaloid, tannin, flavonoid, protein, triterpenoid and absence of saponins chloroform extract; tannin, flavonoid, triterpenoid and absence of alkaloid, tannin, saponins and protein in the chloroform/methanol (1:1) extract. Volatile oil of the stem bark of plant was analyzed by GC-MS and it constitute 14 compounds among which the major compounds were hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (29.40%), (Z)-9‑octadecenoic acids and methyl ester (28.64%). The volatile oil and crude extracts of the stem bark were tested in vitro for their antimicrobial activity by disk diffusion method. The highest activity was exhibited by volatile oil, CHCl 3 /MeOH (1:1) and petroleum ether extract against Shigela flexneri , Escherichia coli and Streptococcus agalactiae with an inhibition diameter of 21.66, 17.66 and 18.00 mm, respectively. KEY WORDS : Antimicrobial activity, Disk diffusion, Morella salicifolia , GC-MS analysis Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2019 , 33(2), 293-306. DOI: https://dx.doi. org/10.4314/bcse.v33i2. 10
A review on the chemistry and biological properties of Rutin, a promising nutraceutical agent

Nature is an attractive source of new therapeutic agents and a variety of phytochemicals have proved to be very valuable in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Many of the important drugs isolated from plants during the past 50 years have revolutionized modern medicinal practice (Dar et al., 2017). The use of herbal medicines and phytonutrients or nutraceuticals continues to expand rapidly across the world with many people now resorting to these products for the treatment of various health challenges in different national healthcare settings (WHO, 2004). It is estimated that up to 80% of the world's population living in the developing countries rely on herbal medicinal products as a primary source of healthcare and traditional medical practice as an integral part of the culture in their communities (Ekor, 2013). The medicinal compounds derived from various plants could be divided into three major biochemical classes: alkaloids (vinblastine, vincristine, pilocarpine, berberine, caffeine, piperine etc.), flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol, chrysin, naringenin, genistein, rutin etc.) and terpenoids (artemisinin, taxol, digitoxin, azadarachtin, camphor, limonene etc.) (Takshak, 2018). These compounds have also gained importance in the area of nutraceuticals, which have positive health effects and may prove to be advantageous in the treatment of diseases like cancer, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes (Crozier et A review on the chemistry and biological properties of Rutin, a promising nutraceutical agent Rajesh Prasad, Surya Bali Prasad*
The role of olfactory transport in the penetration of manganese oxide nanoparticles from blood into the brain

There is no doubt that various nanoparticles (NPs) can enter the brain from the nasal cavity. It is assumed that NPs can penetrate from blood into the central nervous system (CNS) only by breaking the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The accumulation of NPs in CNS can provoke many neurological diseases; therefore, the understanding of its mechanisms is of both academic and practical interest. Although hitting from the surface of the lungs into the bloodstream, NPs can accumulate in various mucous membranes, including the nasal mucosa. Thus, we cannot rule out the ability of NPs to be transported from the bloodstream to the brain through the olfactory uptake. To test this hypothesis, we used paramagnetic NPs of manganese oxide (Mn3O4-NPs), whose accumulation patterns in the mouse brain were recorded using T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. The effect of intranasal application of endocytosis and axonal transport inhibitors on the brain accumulation patterns of intranasally or intravenously injected Mn3O4-NPs was evaluated. A comparative analysis of the results showed that the transport of Mn3O4-NPs from the nasal cavity to the brain is more efficient than their local permeation through BBB into CNS from the bloodstream, for example with the accumulation of Mn3O4NPs in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, and through the capture and transport of NPs from the blood by olfactory epithelium cells. Also, experiments with the administration of chlorpromazine, a specific inhibitor of clathrin-dependent endocytosis, and methyl-β-cyclodextrin, inhibitor of the lipid rafts involved in the capture of substances by endothelium cells, showed differences in the mechanisms of NP uptake from the nasal cavity and from the bloodstream. In this study, we show a significant contribution of axonal transport to NP accumulation patterns in the brain, both from the nasal cavity and from the vascular bed. This explains the accumulation of different sorts of submicron particles (neurotropic viruses, insoluble xenobiotics, etc.), unable to pass BBB, in the brain. The results will add to the understanding of the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases and help studying the side effects of therapeutics administered intravenously.
Parametric Variation and the Verb-Second Constraint in Old English and Early Middle English

Syntactic variation and change have attracted increasing interest within the field of historical linguistics during the past few decades. Much recent work on diachronic syntax has followed a Chomskian approach, adopting the Minimalist framework (Chomsky 1995). Taking into account recent contributions to current generative work on syntactic change, this paper will focus on the notion of parameters (e.g., verb movement parameter, verb-second parameter) and the theories which account for parameter variation and change in Old and Middle English (e.g., van Kemenade 1987, 1997; Pintzuk 1999). Therefore, we will discuss the exploitation of functional heads within the Principles and Parameters framework and will focus on V-to-I movement and V/I-to-C movement. Considering the CP domain, we will present how C interacts with V (yielding verb-second word order) and with DP by discussing the role and position of the first constituent in a clause. Keywords: parameters, verb-second, cliticization, head movement
A descrição matemática do processo da detecção eletroquímica do ácido ascórbico sobre o polímero condutor, dopado pelo íon triiodeto

O desempenho do polímero condutor, dopado pelo íon triiodeto, na detecção eletroquímica do ácido ascórbico foi avaliado matematicamente. O modelo matemático, correspondente ao sistema, foi desenvolvido e analisado mediante a teoria de estabilidade linear e de bifurcações. Verificou-se que o polímero condutor pode servir de excelente modificador de elétrodo para a detecção do ácido ascórbico, sendo o triiodeto a substância ativa, e o polímero condutor o mediador. O estado estacionário mantém-se estável facilmente, o que corresponde à vasta zona da linearidade da dependência entre a concentração do fármaco e o parâmetro eletroquímico. A possibilidade das instabilidades oscilatória e monotônica também foi verificada.
COMPARING DIFFERENT WORKLOAD AND STRESS ASSESSMENT METHODS IN AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SIMULATIONS

Measuring the current level of workload is one of the key indicators to assess the benefit of new supporting tools or new procedures for air traffic controllers. In addition, it is well-known that the current stress level depends on the current level of workload and is furthermore directly related to the current traffic capacity of air traffic control. Different workload assessment techniques are already available, but they are either subjective like the Instantaneous Self-Assessment Technique (ISA) or cannot be used in real-time during simulations like the NASA task load index (NASA-TLX). In the frame of the European 7th framework project GAMMA, a new stress measurement prototype was developed which is based on voice recognition. This prototype uses vocal stress signals to determine the current stress level of any speaker within air-ground voice communication in air traffic control. The advantage of such a system is the availability of objective stress measurements in real-time. In order to verify this new stress measurement prototype, several high-workload ATC simulations were conducted at DLR Braunschweig in January 2017. During this simulation campaign, the prototype was used in parallel with ISA and with an assessment by a third person using a modified Cooper-Harper Scale (MCH). Active air traffic controllers attended the simulation campaign, which contained a total number of 20 air traffic control simulations using DLR's radar simulator ATMOS. The trials showed that even common workload measurement methods (ISA and MCH) showed just a clear correlation between each other in less than 50% of the trials, which underlines the need for a reliable and objective stress measurement technique. The mentioned prototype shows the potential to become such a tool in the midterm future. This paper gives basic information about the used assessment / measurement techniques, describes the setup and the conduction of these trials, illustrates obtained results and provides a discussion and an outlook about enhancements in stress measurement techniques.
Predicted Speciation and Mineral Solid Phases of some Heavy Metals in Sludge - amended Soil

Speciation of heavy metals exerts important controls on chemical behavior, solubility, toxicity, adsorption and even physical properties of solutions (Ure and Davidson 2002). In the present study, speciation and mineral–solid phase of Cd, Ni, and Pb in solution of soil prolonged irrigated with sewage effluent were predicted using GEOCHEM model (Sposito and Mattigod (1980) and constructed stability diagrams (Sposito ,1989 and Lindsay ,1979). The present data indicate that total contents of all tested metals have increased dramatically as a result of sludge amending, particularly, for Cd. In virgin soil solution, the results of speciation indicated that, free species M was the prevalent form (60.35%) followed by carbonate species MCO3aq (20.12%), MSO4 (5.93%), MHCO3 (5.56%), MOH(4.21%) and MCL(4.21%), while in sludge – soil solution the sequence was; M-DOC (41.92%), followed by MHPO4 species (26.74%), M( 20.07%) , MHCO3(4.22%), MSO4 aq (3.49%) and MCO3 aq (2.02%). It is clear from the results that amending soil with sludge decreases active portion (M) contribution to total speciation of the tested metals. In virgin soil, the majority of both Cd and Ni was (M) species. It amounted (79.03%) and (83.8%) , respectively . While MCO3aq was the prominent for pb (55.86%). In sludgesoil, Pb was almost exclusively in organically complexed forms (88.54%), while the majority species of Ni was M (38.56%) and for Cd, CdHPO4aq (58.72%). The data also showed that in sludgesoil the activities (Ml ) of both Pb and Ni decreased by 26% and 72%, respectively, compared to their corresponding values in virgin soil. Meanwhile, the activity of Cd increased. These findings suggesting that amending soil with sludge probably inhibit activities of some metals, while promote activity of others. The data showed that the values of activities of Cd in virgin soil was closed to the solubility of CdCO3 (log CO2=-2.52) and CdSO4-2Cd (OH)2 at (log So4=-2) , while in sludge soil ,the value of Cd was under saturated with respect the constructed Cdminerals. This suggested that other possible solid phase of cadmium may be controlling its activity in that soil . Also , the data suggested that activity of Ni in virgin soil is governed by Ni3(PO4)2 in equilibrium by gypsite. While in sludge-soil, value of Ni was controlled by Ni3 (PO4)2 in equilibrium with Caphosphate mineral at (log CO2= -4.52). Also, the results indicated that Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2was the possible solid phase which may be controlled the activity of Pb , in both virgin and sludge soil. Keywords; sewage effluent, heavy metals, speciation, stability diagrams
Role of Alix in endocytosis at presynaptic boutons

Neurotransmission involves the fusion of synaptic vesicles (SVs) to the presynaptic membrane to release neurotransmitters that will bind receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. The number of SVs in central nerve terminals is limited, necessitating a set of reliable mechanisms to regenerate SVs. Among such mechanisms are clathrin-mediated endocytosis, ultrafast endocytosis and activity-dependent bulk endocytosis (ADBE), where the latter two are clathrin-independent. The present study reveals that the depletion of Alix (ALG-2 interacting protein-X) leads to morphological and functional changes of synapses that indicate defective SV recycling. Our recent finding that Alix and its major partner, endophilin-A, is crucial for clathrin-independent endocytosis in fibroblasts, led us to hypothesise that Alix may have such a role at the presynapse. The present study has allowed us to demonstrate that Alix concentrates at presynaptic boutons during intense stimulation. Using mutant forms of Alix, we demonstrate that this recruitment of Alix is depends on the ability of Alix to interact with the calcium binding protein, ALG-2. Endophilin-A is also recruited to presynaptic boutons and this recruitment is dependent on its capacity to interact with Alix. It is then revealed that the lack of Alix in neurons leads to impaired ADBE, suggesting the importance of Alix in ADBE. Such a role of Alix depends on its ability to interact with ALG-2 and endophilin since the impairment of ADBE was reversed upon rescuing the expression of wild-type Alix, but not with Alix mutants unable interact with ALG-2 or endophilin-A.The findings of this study demonstrate that Alix is important for clathrin-independent endocytosis at synapses, a process necessary for the recycling of synaptic vesicles during normal neuronal activity.