Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Minimum augmentation to tri-connect a bi-connected graph with upper bounds on vertex-degree

The 3-vertex-connectivity augmentation problem of a graph with degree constraints, 3VCA-DC, is defined as follows: “Given an undirected graph G = (V,E), and an upper bound f(v) ∈ Z<sup>+</sup> ∪ {∞| on vertex-degree increase for each v ∈ V, find a smallest set E' of edges such that (V,E ∪ E') is 3-vertex-connected and such that vertex-degree increase of each v ∈ V by the addition of E' to G is at most f(v), where Z<sup>+</sup> is the set of nonnegative integers. ” In this paper we show that checking the existence of a feasible solution and finding an optimum solution to 3VCA-DC for any bi-connected graph G can be done in O(|V| + |E|) time.
Evidence-Based Psychosocial Treatments for Child and Adolescent Bipolar Spectrum Disorders

Pediatric bipolar spectrum disorders (BPSDs) are serious conditions associated with morbidity and mortality. Although most treatment research has examined pharmacotherapy for pediatric BPSDs, growing literature suggests that psychosocial interventions are also important to provide families with an understanding of symptoms, course, and treatment of BPSDs; teach youth and parents methods for coping with symptoms (e.g., problem solving, communication, emotion regulation, cognitive-behavioral skills); and prevent relapse. Thirteen psychosocial intervention trials for pediatric BPSDs were identified via a comprehensive literature search and evaluated according to the Task Force on the Promotion and Dissemination of Psychological Procedures guidelines. All interventions were examined adjunctive to pharmacotherapy and/or treatment as usual (TAU). No well-established or questionably efficacious treatments were identified. Family psychoeducation plus skill building was probably efficacious (i.e., Multi-Family Psychoeducational Psychotherapy, Family-Focused Treatment); cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) was possibly efficacious. Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) and interpersonal and social rhythm therapy (IPSRT) were experimental. Limited research precluded subdivision of treatments by format and age. Only single- and multiple-family psychoeducation plus skill building and CBT were evaluated with children. Only single-family psychoeducation plus skill building and DBT, and individual (commonly with limited familial involvement) CBT and IPSRT were evaluated with adolescents. In conclusion, psychosocial interventions that involve families, psychoeducation, and skill building may offer added benefit to pharmacotherapy and/or other TAU. Limitations of current research include few outcome studies, small samples, and failure to use stringent control conditions or randomization. The review concludes with a discussion of mediators and moderators, recommendations for best practice, and suggestions for future research.
The breakthrough in data retention time of DRAM using Recess-Channel-Array Transistor(RCAT) for 88 nm feature size and beyond

For the first time, 512 Mb DRAMs using a Recess-Channel-Array-Transistor(RCAT) are successfully developed with 88 nm feature size, which is the smallest feature size ever reported in DRAM technology with non-planar array transistor. The RCAT with gate length of 75 nm and recessed channel depth of 150 nm exhibits drastically improved electrical characteristics such as DIBL, BV/sub DS/, junction leakage and cell contact resistance, comparing to a conventional planar array transistor of the same gate length. The most powerful effect using the RCAT in DRAMs is a great improvement of data retention time. In addition, this technology will easily extend to sub-70 nm node by simply increasing recessed channel depth and keeping the same doping concentration of the substrate.
Operational Performance Measurement

Why Measure Performance? What is Measurement? Measuring Production Processes Operational Requirements for Effective Measurement Techniques for Determining What to Measure Implementation and Deployment Analyzing and Interpreting Measures Using Performance Measures Effectively Insuring Your Measures are Showing an Accurate Picture Appendix A-What Some Leading Companies are Measuring Appendix B-Implementing Manufacturing Performance Measures-A Case Study Appendix C-Implementing a Formal Selling Process and Performance Measures in a Sales Organization Appendix D-Global Warming? Appendix E-Measuring an Inventory Transaction Process
Recent advances and future directions in preclinical research of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) receptor blocker conivaptan in the context of stroke

Stroke is a major cause of mortality and permanent disability. The onset of stroke is followed by life-threatening pathophysiological responses including brain edema, elevation of intracranial pressure, disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB), brain infarct and permanent tissue damage. Brain edema develops due to accumulation of water in intracellular and extracellular compartments of the brain, which causes an increase in brain volume and elevation of intracranial pressure, (Figure 1A). Compression of the brain tissue has an impact on cerebral blood flow which results in secondary brain injury. Often, clinical presentation of stroke is accompanied by hyponatremia caused either by the syndrome of inappropriate release of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) or cerebral salt wasting (CSW) (Saleem et al., 2014). SIADH is the result of uncontrolled secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) also called arginine-vasopressin (AVP). AVP acts on V1a and V2 receptors triggering vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, and water retention followed by hypervolemic or normovolemic hyponatremia and low plasma osmolality (Saleem et al., 2014) (Figure 1A). CSW is manifested by a dramatic loss of sodium through the kidneys resulting in hypovolemic hyponatremia (Saleem et al., 2014). Both SIADH and CSW can quickly exacerbate post-ischemic brain edema if plasma sodium levels and osmolality are not properly managed and corrected in a patient. Because SIADH can often be confused with CSW the treatments have to be strategized carefully. Although pathophysiological mechanisms of SIADH-caused hyponatremia are identified, mechanisms of CSW-induced hyponatremia are unknown. Current therapeutic applications against brain edema (such as decompression craniotomy or hypertonic saline) do not fully address the complications caused by SIADH or CSW. Therefore, new research approaches are required to identify and target precise causes of stroke-induced brain edema.
Constraints on an Optical Afterglow and on Supernova Light Following the Short Burst GRB 050813

We report early follow-up observations of the error box of the short burst GRB 050813 using the telescopes at Calar Alto and Observatorio Sierra Nevada, followed by deep VLT FORS2 I-band observations obtained under very good seeing conditions 5.7 and 11.7 days after the event. Neither a fading afterglow nor a rising SN component was found, so the potential GRB host galaxy has not been identified based on a comparison of the two VLT images taken at different epochs. We discuss whether any of the galaxies present in the original 10″ XRT error circle could be the host. In any case, the optical afterglow of GRB 050813 was of very low luminosity. We conclude that all these properties are consistent with the binary compact merger hypothesis for the progenitor of GRB 050813.
Tone in Connected Discourse

Connected discourse has a number of substantial impacts on tone. First, the ideal form of tone is routinely compromised due to articulatory sluggishness. Second, the underlying tonal target itself is sometimes changed. Third, the surface tonal form is further distorted by other linguistic functions that also change pitch either deliberately or inadvertently. This article discusses how the surface acoustic form of tone can be understood in terms of the interaction between tone and these relatively independent processes. In connected discourse lexical tones in a sentence have to be said in quick succession, frequently with no pauses in between. In addition to tone, a sentence also carries many other communicative functions that either use pitch as their primary or secondary carrier or change pitch inadvertently. As a result, the acoustic manifestation of tone, mainly in the form of fundamental frequency (F0) contours, rarely resembles its underlying form. A clear understanding of tone is therefore impossible without comprehending the effects of these factors on the acoustic form of tone. This article discusses the realization of tone in connected discourse in terms of the interaction between tone and other pitch-modifying factors. The discussion is mainly based on data from Mandarin, for which extensive experimental data have been collected in recent years.
ICT utilization and the information economy: the case of Malaysia

Malaysia is taking steps to transform the economy from being production-based to being knowledge driven (K-economy). In line with this objective, information and communication technologies (ICT) have been identified as the strategic enabling tools that will support the growth of the Malaysian economy as well as enhance the living standard of the population. Hence, in the past decade various initiatives have been taken by the government to promote the use and development of ICT. However, there are many issues and challenges that need to be addressed by the country before a successful transformation to a K-economy can be made. One of the issues is ICT utilization for the development of an information society and economy in the country. The paper assesses the current state of ICT utilization in Malaysia based on secondary data. The result indicates that the level of ICT utilization in the country is still low compared to selected countries and there exist wide disparities among states in Malaysia in terms of accessibility to ICT.
PARALLEL GIVENS SEQUENCES FOR SOLVING THE GENERAL LINEAR MODEL ON A EREW PRAM

Abstract Parallel Givens sequences for solving the General Linear Model (GLM) are developed and analyzed. The block updating GLM estimation problem is also considered. The solution of the GLM employs as a main computational device the Generalized QR Decomposition, where one of the two matrices is initially upper triangular. The proposed Givens sequences efficiently exploit the initial triangular structure of the matrix and special properties of the solution method. The complexity analysis of the sequences is based on a Exclusive Read-Exclusive Write (EREW) Parallel Random Access Machine (PRAM) model with limited parallelism. Furthermore, the number of operations performed by a Givens rotation is determined by the size of the vectors used in the rotation. With these assumptions one conclusion drawn is that a sequence which applies the smallest number of compound disjoint Givens rotations to solve the GLM estimation problem does not necessarily have the lowest computational complexity. The various Givens sequences and their computational complexity analyses will be useful when addressing the solution of other similar factorization problems.
Reformy corporate governance i ich wpływ na systemy narodowe : przyczynek do poznania rynków wchodzących

Niniejszy artyku$ zosta$ po"wi&cony przybli! eniu systemu corporate governance w gospodarkach wschodz'cych, ze szczególnym uwzgl&dnieniem wp$ywu reform na ich kszta$t. Analizie poddano cztery najwi&ksze gospodarki rozwijaj'ce si&, czyli Brazyli&, Rosj&, Indie i Chiny. Przeprowadzona analiza wskazuje, i! wysi$ki na rzecz reform nadzoru korporacyjnego podejmowane s' tak! e w gospodarkach wschodz'cych, których specyfika przyczyni$a si& do wykszta$cenia innych narodowych systemów i innych problemów corporate governance. Ró! ne s' tak! e efekty wdra! ania reform nadzoru korporacyjnego, a zmiany jako"ciowe nast&puj' w analizowanych krajach do"% powoli.
Global Cerebral Blood Flow Decreases during Pain

Positron emission tomography studies have identified a common set of brain regions activated by pain. No studies, however, have quantitatively examined pain-induced CBF changes. To better characterize CBF during pain, 14 subjects received positron emission tomography scans during rest, during capsaicin-evoked pain (250 μg, intradermal injection), and during innocuous vibration. Using the H215O intravenous bolus method with arterial blood sampling, global CBF changes were assessed quantitatively. Painful stimulation produced a 22.8% decrease in global CBF from resting levels (P < 0.0005). This decrease was not accounted for by arterial PCO2 or heart rate changes. Although the exact mechanism remains to be determined, this pain-induced global decrease represents a previously unidentified response of CBF.
Informal Employment in Advanced Economies: Implications for Work and Welfare

1. Introduction Part I: Examining informal employment: methods and theory 2. Methods of researching informal employment 3. Theorising informal employment Part II: Socio-spatial divisions of informal employment 4. Employment Status and Informal employment 5. Gender and informal employment 6. Ethnicity, immigration and informal employment 7. Spatial divisions of informal employment 8. Informal employment in developing nations Part III: What is to be done about informal employment? Evaluating the policy options 9. Regulating informal employment 10. De-regulating formal employment 11. Informal employment and the New economics 12. Conclusions: Re-placing informal employment in the advanced economies
Local Th1-like responses are induced by intravaginal infection of mice with the mouse pneumonitis biovar of Chlamydia trachomatis

A critical role for cell-mediated immunity (CMI) has been demonstrated for effecting the resolution of genital infections of mice infected intravaginally with the mouse pneumonitis biovar of Chlamydia trachomatis (MoPn). However, little is known about expression of CMI in the murine genital tract. The mouse MoPn model was used to examine CMI responses in the genital tract and associated lymph nodes during the course of infection. MoPn-specific lymphocytes were present in the genital mucosa, with the maximum level of proliferation in response to MoPn at 3 weeks postinfection. MoPn-stimulated cells secreting gamma interferon were also detected in the cells from the genital mucosa, but few interleukin-4-secreting cells were seen at any time postinfection, indicating the induction of a Th1-like response in the cells of the genital mucosa. The iliac node draining the genital tract was the major node stimulated as a result of a genital infection and exhibited a predominant Th1-like pattern of cytokine secretion as well. Mesenteric lymph node cells demonstrated poor proliferative responses to MoPn and few antigen-stimulated cytokine-secreting cells after the primary infection. However, 7 days after a second infection administered 50 days following the primary infection, there was a marked increase in both proliferative responses and the frequencies of MoPn-stimulated gamma interferon- and interleukin-4-secreting cells. These studies provided information regarding the local CMI response to MoPn in mice which may prove valuable in the development of vaccination strategies for the prevention of chlamydial genital infections.
Up‐regulation of IL‐18 and predominance of a Th1 immune response is a hallmark of lupus nephritis

There is evidence that nephritis is dominated by a Th1 immune response in systemic lupus erythematosus. Since IL‐18 promotes polarization of the immune response toward Th1, we investigated the role of this cytokine in lupus nephritis (LN). A total of 133 lupus patients and 44 healthy subjects were enrolled. Demographic and clinical characteristics with renal biopsy data were recorded. IL‐18 along with IFN‐γ and IL‐4, two prototypical of Th1 and Th2 cytokines, were measured in serum by ELISA. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were analysed by flow cytometry for IFN‐γ and IL‐4. IL‐18 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in 13 renal biopsy specimens from patients with LN and 2 controls. Serum IL‐18 was higher in lupus patients than in controls. Levels of IL‐18 correlated with urinary microalbumin and were increased in patients with LN when compared to those without LN. IL‐18 expression was also increased within the glomeruli of nephritic patients and was primarily detected within the mesangial matrix and in infiltrating mononuclear cells. Measurement of IFN‐γ and IL‐4 in either sera or peripheral blood lymphocytes showed high IFN‐γ along with low IL‐4 expression in LN patients compared to patients without nephritis. A positive correlation between serum IL‐18 and IFN‐γ levels was found. IL‐18 may play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of LN by promoting a cytokine imbalance towards a Th1 immune response. Measurement of IL‐18 may be helpful for the early identification of lupus patients with LN and may help gauge the response to treatment in patients with active LN undergoing treatment.
Practice- and Community-Based Interventions to Increase Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Coverage: A Systematic Review.

IMPORTANCE Vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV) are recommended for routine use in adolescents aged 11 to 12 years in the United States, but uptake remains suboptimal. Educational interventions focused on parents and patients to increase coverage have not generally demonstrated effectiveness. OBJECTIVE To systematically review the literature on effectiveness of interventions conducted at the practice or community level to increase uptake of HPV vaccines in the United States. EVIDENCE REVIEW Keyword searches of the PubMed, Web of Science, and MEDLINE databases identified studies of adolescents that included the outcome of HPV vaccination published through July 2014. References of identified articles were also reviewed. A total of 366 records were screened, 38 full-text articles were reviewed, and 14 published studies were included. Results were summarized by different intervention approaches. FINDINGS Practice- and community-based intervention approaches included reminder and recall (n = 7), physician-focused interventions (eg, audit and feedback) (n = 6), school-based programs (n = 2), and social marketing (n = 2) (2 interventions tested multiple approaches). Seven studies used a randomized design, and 8 used quasiexperimental approaches (one used both). Thirteen studies included girls, and 2 studies included boys. Studies were conducted in a variety of populations and geographic locations. Twelve studies reported significant increases in at least one HPV vaccination outcome, one reported a nonsignificant increase, and one reported mixed effects. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Most practice- and community-based interventions significantly increased HPV vaccination rates using varied approaches across diverse populations. This finding is in stark contrast to a recent review that did not find effects to warrant widespread implementation for any educational intervention. To address the current suboptimal rates of HPV vaccination in the United States, future efforts should focus on programs that can be implemented within health care settings, such as reminder and recall strategies and physician-focused efforts, as well as the use of alternative community-based locations, such as schools.
Employment and Labor Market Results of the SOPHIE Project

This article reports evidence gained by the SOPHIE Project regarding employment and labor market-related policies. In the first step, quality of employment and of precarious and informal employment in Europe were conceptualized and defined. Based on these definitions, we analyzed changes in the prevalence and population distribution of key health-affecting characteristics of employment and work between times of economic prosperity and economic crisis in Europe and investigated their impact on health outcomes. Additionally, we examined the effects of several employment and labor market-related policies on factors affecting health equity, including a specific analysis concerning work-related gender equity policies and case studies in different European countries. Our findings show that there is a need to standardize definitions and indicators of (the quality of) employment conditions and improve information systems. This is challenging given the important differences between and within European countries. In our results, low quality of employment and precarious employment is associated with poor mental health. In order to protect the well-being of workers and reduce work-related health inequalities, policies leading to precarious working and employment conditions need to be suspended. Instead, efforts should be made to improve the security and quality of employment for all workers.
Single and bilayer bismuthene: stability at high temperature and mechanical and electronic properties

E. Aktürk,1,2,3,* O. Üzengi Aktürk,2,3,4 and S. Ciraci3,† 1Department of Physics, Adnan Menderes University, 09100, Aydın, Turkey 2Nanotechnology Application and Research Center, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın 09010, Turkey 3Department of Physics, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey 4Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Adnan Menderes University, 09100, Aydın, Turkey (Received 18 March 2016; revised manuscript received 16 May 2016; published 20 July 2016)
Value propositions in business markets : insights from the service-dominant logic of marketing

In the face of the major exposure given to the service-dominant (S-D) logic in the marketing literature, there is a need for more academic research on the application of S-D logic in business-to-business (B2B) marketing settings. By addressing particular B2B marketing challenges, this paper examines the relative emphasis of value propositions between value-in-exchange and value-in-use. The value focus depends not only on the internal capabilities of the supplier but also the central role which many customer-related factors play in emphasizing different values, such as buying center incongruities and purchasing practices. We argue that this is something that previously has not been sufficiently stressed on in S-D logic. The discussion leads to eight propositions on the value emphasis of value propositions. It is concluded that even if firms have an S-D logic perspective, they most likely need to pursue a dynamic marketing strategy in terms of how they choose to design and formulate their offerings. Thus, the firm has to manage different customer segments through different value propositions. The capability to strategically manage the value focus of the firm-s value propositions is to be seen as a dynamic, masterfully developed operant resource which is at the heart of competitive advantage of the firm.
Parallel Processing of Irregular Workloads on the GPGPU : Adaptive Quadrature

This paper presents a parallel (GPGPU) approach for dealing with the turbid workload of adaptive quadrature, called ‘parallel block-cutting adaptive quadrature’ (PBCAQ). PBCAQ provides speedups as high as 211 times the performance of its sequential competitors. In addition, it has two intertwined and desirable properties: (1) its speedups increase as the size of the workloads being processed increase; and (2) it performs best over definite integrals requiring larger workloads. These two properties together make PBCAQ a valuable example of computing an inequitable, turbid workload on the GPGPU, devices that require workload simplicity.