Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A review of psychological and social aspects of in vitro fertilisation

Involuntary infertility is regarded as a cause of much distress and marital un-happiness. Couples arrive at the IVF Clinic after many years of investigations and operations and often a long waiting list. The IVF procedure itself is highly stressful and involves medicalisation of the most intimate aspects of the couple's relationship. Inability to achieve pregnancy after so much emotional, physical and financial expense may lead to feelings of failure in one or both members of the couple. Furthermore, since IVF is regarded as the last chance for treatment, when pregnancy does not occur the couple are often forced for the first time to confront their sterility as a pair. This may trigger a crisis, which if successfully resolved can lead to adaptation. Thus the clinician involved with IVF needs to be aware of psychological and social aspects of the aetiology, maintenance, sequelae and adaptation to infertility. Psychiatrists, psychologists and social workers have to be integral members of the IVF team. By ut.
Sleep disordered breathing awoken

Acknowledgement of the contribution of peer reviewers to the success of Thorax Thorax had a very successful year in 2003 with an increase in submissions and an impact factor which now stands at 4.08. 1 The invaluable resource of our dedicated peer reviewers has allowed Thorax to maintain its high standards.2–4 Peer review has been used in journals for over 300 years5 and is an important part of the editorial process, as constructive criticism during the peer review process leads to improvements in the final published paper.6 In this issue of Thorax we publish the names of all the peer reviewers who have reviewed papers for the …
Supporting sucking skills in breastfeeding infants

Supporting Sucking Skills in Breastfeeding Infants, Second Edition is the essential resource for healthcare professionals working with new mothers and infants. Using a skills approach, it focuses on normal sucking function in addition to anatomical variations, developmental respiratory issues, prematurity, and mild neurological deficits. Completely updated and revised with new photos and images, this edition contains a new chapter, "Hands in Support of Breastfeeding: Manual Therapy. " Written by an internationally renowned IBCLC and deliberately multidisciplinary, it provides the entire team with both the research background and clinical strategies necessary to help infants with successful sucking and feeding.
Computational Electrodynamics the Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method

Part 1 Reinventing electromagnetics: background history of space-grid time-domain techniques for Maxwell's equations scaling to very large problem sizes defense applications dual-use electromagnetics technology. Part 2 The one-dimensional scalar wave equation: propagating wave solutions finite-difference approximation of the scalar wave equation dispersion relations for the one-dimensional wave equation numerical group velocity numerical stability. Part 3 Introduction to Maxwell's equations and the Yee algorithm: Maxwell's equations in three dimensions reduction to two dimensions equivalence to the wave equation in one dimension. Part 4 Numerical stability: TM mode time eigenvalue problem space eigenvalue problem extension to the full three-dimensional Yee algorithm. Part 5 Numerical dispersion: comparison with the ideal dispersion case reduction to the ideal dispersion case for special grid conditions dispersion-optimized basic Yee algorithm dispersion-optimized Yee algorithm with fourth-order accurate spatial differences. Part 6 Incident wave source conditions for free space and waveguides: requirements for the plane wave source condition the hard source total-field/scattered field formulation pure scattered field formulation choice of incident plane wave formulation. Part 7 Absorbing boundary conditions for free space and waveguides: Bayliss-Turkel scattered-wave annihilating operators Engquist-Majda one-way wave equations Higdon operator Liao extrapolation Mei-Fang superabsorption Berenger perfectly-matched layer (PML) absorbing boundary conditions for waveguides. Part 8 Near-to-far field transformation: obtaining phasor quantities via discrete fourier transformation surface equivalence theorem extension to three dimensions phasor domain. Part 9 Dispersive, nonlinear, and gain materials: linear isotropic case recursive convolution method linear gyrontropic case linear isotropic case auxiliary differential equation method, Lorentz gain media. Part 10 Local subcell models of the fine geometrical features: basis of contour-path FD-TD modelling the simplest contour-path subcell models the thin wire conformal modelling of curved surfaces the thin material sheet relativistic motion of PEC boundaries. Part 11 Explicit time-domain solution of Maxwell's equations using non-orthogonal and unstructured grids, Stephen Gedney and Faiza Lansing: nonuniform, orthogonal grids globally orthogonal global curvilinear co-ordinates irregular non-orthogonal unstructured grids analysis of printed circuit devices using the planar generalized Yee algorithm. Part 12 The body of revolution FD-TD algorithm, Thomas Jurgens and Gregory Saewert: field expansion difference equations for on-axis cells numerical stability PML absorbing boundary condition. Part 13 Modelling of electromagnetic fields in high-speed electronic circuits, Piket-May and Taflove. (part contents).
A survey of the medical practitioners' offices in Korea 2011

ecause of various current problems and issues which are low health insurance medical fee of National Health Insurance Corporation, extreme competition with very large general hospitals, new supply of more than of 3,000 new doctors, many medical practitioner's offices who are suffering management difficulties are increasing. In order to investigate their current overall management situations, we made this study through statistical extraction procedures with the sample population of the medical practitioners which are registered in Korean Medical Asso- ciation and subsequently we made the study with 1,031 selected cases. The average number of patients is 53.6 patients per day. 44.4% of the medical practitioners' offices are working at night and legal holidays and 8.5% are working at Sunday. Average working hours is 50.1 hours per week, which greatly exceeds 40 hours per week that is regulated in the Labor Standards Act. According to the management performance analysis of those medical clinics through profit and loss statements, average total annual sales revenue in 2010 fiscal year was 444,167,867 KRW, the expenses were 314,217,081 KRW and the earnings before taxes was 129,940,786 KRW. The average net profit (earnings before taxes) of the director of the medical practitioners' offices was 122,337,868 KRW per year and 10,194,822 KRW per month. According to the study results, we have found that we need to increase doctor's bill for outpatient, and establishment and its improvement of medical service delivery systems and classification standards of medical services for first and succeeding outpatients. Considering overall results of the study, readjust- ment of outpatients' treatment fees and reestablishment of more efficient medical service deli- very systems which require the first medical service is to be provided properly should be realized in order to improve the management performance of the medical practitioners' offices.
Plan to combat extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis; recommendations of the Federal Tuberculosis Task Force

During 1985--1992, the United States was confronted with an unprecedented TB resurgence. This resurgence was accompanied by a rise in multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB), which is defined as TB that is resistant to the two most effective first-line therapeutic drugs, isoniazid and rifampin. In addition, virtually untreatable strains of M. tuberculosis are emerging globally. Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB is defined as MDR TB that also is resistant to the most effective second-line therapeutic drugs used commonly to treat MDR TB: fluoroquinolones and at least one of three injectable second-line drugs used to treat TB (amikacin, kanamycin, or capreomycin). XDR TB has been identified in all regions of the world, including the United States.
The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy-Reply

In reply Drs Batchelder and Barricks suggest that our data on the long-term incidence and progression of retinopathy contradict rather than support the guidelines 1 of yearly dilated retinal examinations 5 years after diagnosis of insulindependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in people younger than 30 years of age and 1 year after diagnosis of non—insulindependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in people 30 years of age or older. 2 They suggest that the guidelines do not take into account the epidemiologic observations that people with any type of diabetes and no retinopathy or minimal retinopathy consisting of only microaneurysms are unlikely to progress to vision-threatening retinopathy over a 4-year period. 3-5 They suggest that the "screening interval should be tailored to a patient's risk" and that our "data do not suggest any difference in effectiveness for screening intervals of 1, 2, or even 4 years for this group of lowrisk patients. " In 1991,
THE QUALITY OF SYNTHESIZED SPEECH USING LINEAR PREDICTIVE CODING ON FINITE WORDLENGTH INTEGRATED CIRCUITS.

This paper studies the quality of synthetic speech produced by integrated circuit (IC) hardware using fixed-point arithmetic and Linear Predictive Coding (LPC). A theoretical model explaining the combined effects of finite wordlength and parametric model order is developed. This model is used to predict the results obtained in the experimental phase of this study. In the experimental phase, selected model utterances are synthesized under finite word length constraints using LPC parameters. The synthetic speech is evaluated in terms of the log area ratios which define obJective speech quality as a parametric distance. A theoretical model is developed to predict the experimental results. Simulations of this model produce data that predict the experimental results. The same information is extracted from the model as that obtained from actually running the fixed-point synthesizer simulator. Since the predictions of the theoretical model agree quite well with the experimental measurements, it is concluded that fixed-point synthesizer performance can be xiv xv predicted without actually running a complicated and expensive fixed-point synthesizer. Secondly, results obtained from either method clearly indicate that for 15 or 16 bits, ten is the best number of poles to use. Eight useable poles are indicated for 14 bits, while seven are indicated for 13 bits. Based on the results of this study, the use of less than 13 bits £or £ixed-point calculations is not recommended.
The study of hardware redundancy techniques to provide a fault tolerant system

Increasing the reliability of computer systems operations is feasible by means of fault tolerance. This tolerance in a digital system is achieved through redundancy in hardware, software, or computation. This sort of redundancy can be performed in static, dynamic, or hybrid configuration. Hardware redundancy is obtained by providing two or more physical samples of a hardware component. In this paper, we study different hardware redundancy techniques.Its efficiency and problems.
Load-Based Traffic Steering in heterogeneous LTE Networks

The explosion of mobile broadband compels operators to migrate towards multilayer deployments, denoted as Heterogeneous Network (HetNet), consisting of different cell types and carrier frequencies. In this context, functionalities such as load balancing and mobility management have to be properly engineered so that the HetNet benefits are fully exploited. The dissertation aims at developing automated solutions for distributing the traffic across the deployed network layers. This function is referred to as load-based Traffic Steering (TS) and utilizes mobility procedures for steering devices to the least loaded cell. The alignment of TS decisions in both idle and connected mode is of key importance in order to achieve dynamic load balancing with a reasonable signaling cost. To further analyze the impact of different LTE releases on load balancing, cases with Carrier Aggregation (CA) are considered as well. Release 10 intra-eNB CA allows users to maintain connectivity to multiple macro carriers, while Dual Connectivity (DC) expands the concept to have it working between macrocells and picocells deployed at different frequencies. Among the serving cells, the Primary Cell (PCell) is responsible for all higher layer processes such as mobility support and connection maintenance, while the remaining serving cells are referred to as Secondary Cells (SCell). For each investigated topic, appropriate algorithms are designed and their performance is evaluated by means of extensive system level simulations. These are conducted in 3GPP-defined scenarios, including widely accepted stochastic radio propagation models, explicit representation of mobility procedures in both idle and connected mode, CA functionalities and abstract radio resource management models. For deployments where macrocells and picocells share the same frequency, load balancing is performed by means of Range Extension (RE) that virtually expands the picocell service area. The developed solution adjusts the picocell coverage subject to cell load and mobility performance observations. Compared to a fixed RE configuration, the same user satisfaction is achieved while Radio Link Failures (RLFs) can be reduced up to ∼30-50%. On the contrary, the challenge for dedicated carrier deployments is to discover Inter-Frequency (IF) cells without excessive physical layer measurement rates as they cost both in terminal power and perceived throughput. To ensure their
Quantifying flakiness and Minimizing its effects on Software Testing

Title of dissertation: QUANTIFYING FLAKINESS AND MINIMIZING ITS EFFECTS ON SOFTWARE TESTING Zebao Gao Doctor of Philosophy, 2017 Dissertation directed by: Professor Atif Memon Department of Computer Science In software testing, test inputs are passed into a system under test (SUT); the SUT is executed; and a test oracle checks the outputs against expected values. There are cases when the same test case is executed on the same code of the SUT multiple times, and it passes or fails during different runs. This is the test flakiness problem and such test cases are called flaky tests. The test flakiness problem makes test results and testing techniques unreliable. Flaky tests may be mistakingly labeled as failed, and this will increase not only the number of reported bugs testers need to check, but also the chance to miss real faults. The test flakiness problem is gaining more attention in modern software testing practice where complex interactions are involved in test execution, and this raises several new challenges: What metrics should be used to measure the flakiness of a test case? What are the factors that cause or impact flakiness? And how can the effects of flakiness be reduced or minimized? This research develops a systematic approach to quantitively analyze and minimize the effects of flakiness. This research makes three major contributions. First, a novel entropy-based metric is introduced to quantify the flakiness of different layers of test outputs (such as code coverage, invariants, and GUI state). Second, the impact of a common set of factors on test results in system interactive testing is examined. Last, a new flake filter is introduced to minimize the impact of flakiness by filtering out flaky tests (and test assertions) while retaining bug-revealing ones. Two empirical studies on five open source applications evaluate the new entropy measure, study the causes of flakiness, and evaluate the usefulness of the flake filter. In particular, the first study empirically analyzes the impact of factors including the system platform, Java version, application initial state and tool harness configurations. The results show a large impact on SUTs when these factors were uncontrolled, with as many as 184 lines of code coverage differing between runs of the same test cases, and up to 96% false positives with respect to fault detection. The second study evaluates the effectiveness of the flake filter on the SUTs’ real faults. The results show that 3.83% of flaky assertions can impact 88.59% of test cases, and it is possible to automatically obtain a flake filter that, in some cases, completely eliminates flakiness without comprising fault-detection ability. QUANTIFYING FLAKINESS AND MINIMIZING ITS EFFECTS ON SOFTWARE TESTING
An Efficient Route Management Framework for Load Balance and Overhead Reduction in SDN-Based Data Center Networks

A data center network (DCN) is composed of many servers interconnected by well-organized switches, which involves massive amount of data transmissions to provide cloud services. It is critical to manage packet routes in DCNs to avoid congestion on some links. The software-defined networking (SDN) technique supports auto-configuration of switches by a central controller, and gives an easy way to manage traffic flows. In the paper, we exploit SDN to improve performance of fat-tree DCNs, and propose a low-cost, load-balanced route management (L2RM) framework. L2RM keeps monitoring network traffics and computes a load-deviation parameter to check if some links of switches are burden with heavy loads. Then, an adaptive route modification mechanism is triggered if necessary, which considers the size limitation of flow tables and uses group tables in OpenFlow to distribute flows among different links to balance their loads. Besides, L2RM uses a dynamic information polling mechanism to query switches about their statuses, so as to reduce the message overhead of the controller. Through Mininet simulations, we show that our L2RM framework can better increase link utilization, alleviate table overflow, and reduce message cost, as comparing with other SDN-based approaches for fat-tree DCNs.
Coordination Control of Differential Drive Assist Steering and Vehicle Stability Control for Four-Wheel-Independent-Drive EV

The differential drive assist steering (DDAS) system improves the handiness of steering by torque difference between two-side wheels. However, the DDAS and the vehicle stability control (VSC) will interfere with each other due to the same actuators. This paper proposes a hierarchical coordination control approach for the DDAS and VSC. The system is divided into four layers: the parameter estimation layer, the control region division layer, the coordination decision layer, and the control allocation layer. In the control region division layer, the stable area is firstly determined on the $\beta - \dot{\beta }$ phase portrait, and the coordinated control region is obtained by applying the simulated annealing algorithm inwardly and outwardly to the boundary of the stable area. In the coordination decision layer, the direct control strategy of steering hand wheel torque is used to establish the controller of the DDAS based on the fuzzy adaptive PID algorithm. At the same time, the controller of yaw moment is established based on the sliding mode control theory. In the stable region, the DDAS works separately. The VSC works separately in the unstable region. In the coordination region, the Sigmoid function is used to adjust the weight coefficient of the DDAS dynamically. Besides, the control allocation layer includes torque distribution controller and vehicle slip ratio controller. Finally, the vehicle model is established in CarSim, the control strategy, and the wheel motor model are established in Simulink. The joint simulation results of several typical conditions show that the designed control strategy can improve the handling stability of the vehicle effectively while DDAS working even in severe driving condition.
Average Throughput Analysis and Optimization in Cooperative IoT Networks With Short Packet Communication

Internet of Things (IoT) is a promising paradigm to provide massive wireless connections in the future communications. One main feature of IoT is short packet communication (SPC), which adopts finite block-length codewords for data transmissions. Different from the long packet transmission (i.e., infinite block-length codewords) in conventional wireless networks, SPC suffers from a significant packet error rate even when the transmission rate is smaller than the Shannon capacity. To enhance the transmission efficiency as well as the reception reliability, we introduce cooperative relaying to the IoT network and propose a cooperative IoT protocol. Then, we analyze the average throughput of the cooperative IoT protocol with an approximated closed-form expression. Based on the closed-form expression, we design both optimal and suboptimal transmission rates to maximize the average throughput. Numerical and simulation results have validated the correctness of the theoretical analysis, and show that the maximum average throughput with the optimal/suboptimal design almost overlaps with the simulation results. Besides, we compare the proposed protocol with the automatic repeat request (ARQ) mechanism in terms of both the optimal transmission rate and the maximum average throughput, and observe that the proposed protocol outperforms the ARQ mechanism, especially for a medium/large number of cooperative users.
Evaluating the Efficiencies of Academic Research Groups: A Problem of Shared Outputs

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a methodology for evaluating the relative efficiencies of a set of decision-making units (DMUs), based on their multiple inputs and outputs. The original model is based on the assumption that DMUs operate independently of one another. However, this assumption may not apply in some situations, as in the case we present in this paper, in which DMUs can work together to produce joint outputs. What makes it more interesting is the situation in which this characteristic of sharing outputs among some DMUs differs from one DMU to another; this makes it more challenging to determine independent efficiency scores that cater for this phenomenon. To address this, the current paper presents a methodology for measuring efficiency in situations in which DMUs share outputs with other units. We examine the case of a set of research groups in a Mexican university. For this study, the inputs used are professors belonging to various groups, and outputs are the published journal articles, some of which are produced completely within a group, whereas others arise from collaboration with professors from other research groups. Jointly published articles form a link connecting the groups.