Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Prevalence of asthma, rhinitis and eczema in school children in the city of Cuernavaca, Mexico].

OBJECTIVE The measurement of asthma, rhinitis and eczema have been subject of controversy due to lack of a standardized methodology. To test the applicability of a standardized methodology for comparisons of time and space we determined the prevalence of asthma and other allergic diseases in a random sample of schoolchildren (n = 6,238) from 6 to 8 and 11 to 14 years of age living in Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS The methodology proposed by the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) to determine prevalence and severity of asthma, rhinitis and eczema was applied. Current and accumulated information on prevalence was obtained by means of a standardized questionnaire answered by the children's parents. RESULTS The accumulated prevalence of asthma by medical diagnosis and wheezing was 5.8% (5.2-6.4) and 21.8% (20.7-22.9) respectively; prevalence of wheezing in the last 12 months was 8.9% in the group of 6 to 8 years against 6.6% in the 11 to 14 year old group p < 0.001. Prevalence of the medical diagnosis of rhinitis was 4.9% (4.3-5.5). Regarding the typical symptoms of rhinitis, in the last 12 months prevalence was 9.6% (6-8 years) and 10.1% (11-14 years). Prevalence of eczema by medical diagnosis was 4.1% (3.6-4.6). Prevalence of eczema symptoms in the last 12 months was 10.1% (6-8 years) and 10.6% (11-14 years). Prevalence of severe asthma symptoms was significantly higher in the 6 to 8 year olds and in the autumn. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of asthma by medical diagnosis and by symptoms is relatively low with respect to other studies performed with the same methodology. The benefits of using a standardized methodology were analyzed.
Percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteolytic metastases and myeloma: effects of the percentage of lesion filling and the leakage of methyl methacrylate at clinical follow-up.

PURPOSE To determine whether the percentage of vertebral lesion filling and the leakage of methyl methacrylate have any clinical significance at follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty percutaneous vertebroplasties were performed for metastases (30 cases) and myeloma (10 cases) in 37 patients. A computed tomographic scan was obtained 1-8 hours after methyl methacrylate injection and was used to assess the percentage of lesion filling by methyl methacrylate and the leakage of methyl methacrylate into the epidural tissues, neural foramina, intervertebral disks, venous plexus, and paravertebral tissue. The results were correlated with those obtained at clinical follow-up. RESULTS Partial or complete pain relief was sustained in 36 of 37 patients. Pain relief was not proportional to the percentage of lesion filling. Clinical improvement was maintained in most patients. The 15 epidural leaks, eight intradiskal leaks, and two venous leaks of methyl methacrylate had no clinical importance. Two of eight foraminal leaks produced nerve root compression that required decompressive surgery. One of 21 paravertebral leaks produced transitory femoral neuropathy. CONCLUSION Pain relief can occur despite insufficient lesion filling. In most patients, intradiskal and paravertebral leaks of cement had no clinical importance.
Interspecific variation in seedling responses to seed limitation and habitat conditions for 14 Neotropical woody species

1 We assessed the relative importance of dispersal and niche processes in structuring plant populations at the seedling stage for 14 woody plant species (12 trees and 2 lianas) in an old‐growth tropical forest of French Guiana. 2 We combined long‐term data from a network of 160 stations, each comprising a seed trap and two to three neighbouring seedling plots, with fine‐scale quantification of environmental variables. 3 For each species, we quantified seed limitation as the proportion of seed traps that were not reached by seeds, and establishment limitation as the proportion of stations where seeds arrived but where seedlings did not occur. All species showed strong seed limitation, whereas only one species showed significant establishment limitation. 4 We determined the proportion of variance in local seedling density explained by either seed density or environmental factors, and we assessed the effect of environment on seedling survival. 5 Although seeds showed considerable spatial clumping in all species, seed density explained a significant fraction of the variance in seedling density for only five species. Habitat preferences explained a significant fraction of the variance in seedling density for six species. Of the remaining species, four showed no significant relationship with either seed arrival or habitat conditions. 6 Environmental effects on local seedling abundance were weakly related to those on seedling survival. When seedling density was significantly correlated with a given environmental factor, survival was usually not correlated with that factor. Habitat association patterns might change over time, as environmental filtering operates. 7 Synthesis. Our results show that both seed arrival and habitat preferences contribute to explaining the abundance of tropical woody species at the seedling stage, but their relative importance showed important interspecific differences. Although our study was limited to a subset of woody species, they accounted for 27% of the individuals composing the seedling layer. Thus, our findings are likely to have important consequences in the structuring of the seedling community.
On the Quantification of Penetration between General Objects

In this article, we study the characterization, properties, and limitations of a variety of measures of penetration between two general object models. Measures of penetration between convex objects have appeared in the literature. We introduce new measures of penetration for general objects, which are generalizations of those for convex objects. We illustrate by example that these new measures are more accurate estimates of penetration in the case of nonconvex objects. Several proper ties of the new measures are derived. These include continuity of the measures with respect to rotational and translational parameters of the two objects, and invariance with respect to the choice of coordinate system. Since these measures are generalizations of the measures of penetration between convex objects, properties of the new measures are also properties of the traditional measures. An important property of these new penetration measures is established: the new penetration mea sures and the traditional penetration measures are the same in the case of convex objects.
The crystal and molecular structure of human annexin V, an anticoagulant protein that binds to calcium and membranes.

Human annexin V (PP4), a member of the family of calcium, membrane binding proteins, has been crystallized in the presence of calcium and analysed by crystallography by multiple isomorphic replacement at 3 A and preliminarily refined at 2.5 A resolution. The molecule has dimensions of 64 x 40 x 30 A3 and is folded into four domains of similar structure. Each domain consists of five alpha‐helices wound into a right‐handed superhelix yielding a globular structure of approximately 18 A diameter. The domains have hydrophobic cores whose amino acid sequences are conserved between the domains and within the annexin family of proteins. The four domains are folded into an almost planar array by tight (hydrophobic) pair‐wise packing of domains II and III and I and IV to generate modules (II‐III) and (I‐IV), respectively. The assembly is symmetric with three parallel approximate diads relating II to III, I to IV and the module (II‐III) to (I‐IV), respectively. The latter diad marks a channel through the centre of the molecule coated with charged amino acid residues. The protein has structural features of channel forming membrane proteins and a polar surface characteristic of soluble proteins. It is a member of the third class of amphipathic proteins different from soluble and membrane proteins.
Systemic lupus erythematosus: theories of pathogenesis and approach to therapy.

Human systemic lupus is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by multisystem inflammatory disease and the production of a variety of autoantibodies. For many years, in our ignorance, we had the freedom to imagine numerous abnormalities which might give rise to lupus: defects of the immune system, viruses, major histocompatibility driven predispositions, complement or complement receptor defects, biochemical abnormalities, impaired DNA repair, sex hormone imbalances, and many others. Now, the basis for lupus in lpr/lpr mice has been uncovered: a mutation in fas. The normal Fas cell surface molecule is important in programmed cell death, apoptosis. The lpr-associated defect in Fas interferes with normal apoptosis, allowing persistence of self-reactive lymphocytes. This finding is especially exciting to those of us who have stressed lupus-associated defects in tolerance. It also illustrates the apparent antigen-nonspecific nature of an etiologic abnormality leading to lupus. The multigenic NZB disorder is less well dissected. Recent work points to defects in an unusual bone marrow progenitor population. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus may have different and multiple pathogenic factors, including those listed above. We recently have found that some patients with lupus have persistence of T cells with random mutations, consistent with prior abnormal activation and, perhaps, impaired apoptosis. Future therapies of patients must consider both the heterogeneity and the multifactorial pathogenesis of the syndrome we call "lupus. "
Progress toward elimination of perinatal HIV transmission in Kenya: Analysis of early infant diagnosis data

Interrupting vertical transmission of HIV from mothers to infants provides opportunity to transform the HIV/AIDS epidemic by eliminating new infections among children. We estimate mother-to-child transmission rates of infants born to known HIV-positive mothers offered prevention of mother-to-child transmission interventions and provide an indication of Kenya’s progress toward elimination of perinatal transmission. We obtained from the Kenya National Early Infant Diagnosis (EID) database, all 131,451 DNA polymerase chain reaction test results of HIV-exposed infants aged 0–18 months who had dried blood spot samples taken between January 2008 and October 2013. The majority of samples were from infants aged 0–6 months (81.0%). Infants aged 6–12 months comprised 15.5%, while those aged 12–18 months were 3.5%. Overall, 11,439 (8.7%) were HIV-positive. Positivity rates were higher among older age groups: 6.8, 14.6, and 27.5% in age groups 0–6 months, 6–12 months, and 12–18 months old, respectively. In Kenya, scale-up and decentralization to primary health centers of EID services has been remarkable. Both increasing HIV-positivity trends in age groups 12–18 months and differences between provinces require further interrogation. Although significant, declining HIV-positivity trends in age groups 0–6 months and 6–12 months old observed between 2008 and 2013 is insufficient to achieve the elimination agenda.
Damage to nuclear DNA induced by Shiga toxin 1 and ricin in human endothelial cells 1

Ribosome‐inactivating proteins (RIPs) remove a specific adenine from 28S rRNA leading to inactivation of ribosomes and arrest of translation. Great interest as to a possible second physiological substrate for RIPs came from the observation that in vitro RIPs remove adenine from DNA. This paper addresses the problem of nuclear lesions induced by RIPs in human endothelial cells susceptible to the bacterial RIP Shiga toxin 1 and the plant RIP ricin. With both toxins, nuclear DNA damage as evaluated by two independent techniques (alkaline‐halo assay and alkaline filter elution) appears early, concomitant with (ricin) or after (Shiga toxin 1) the inhibition of protein synthesis. At this time, the annexin V binding assay, caspase 3 activity, the formation of typical ≤ 50 Kb DNA fragments, and changes in morphology associated with apoptosis were negative. Furthermore, a block of translation comparable to that induced by RIPs, but obtained with cycloheximide, did not induce nuclear damage. Such damage is consistent with the enzymatic activity (removal of adenine) of RIPs acting in vitro on RNA‐free chromatin and DNA. The results unequivocally indicate that RIPs can damage nuclear DNA in whole cells by means that are not secondary to ribosome inactivation or apoptosis. —Brigotti, M. , Alfieri, R. , Sestili, P., Bonelli, M. , Petronini, P. G. , Guidarelli, A. , Barbieri, L. , Stirpe, F. , Sperti, S. Damage to nuclear DNA induced by Shiga toxin 1 and ricin in human endothelial cells. FASEB J. 16, 365–372 (2002)
Application development environment for event-driven ubiquitous devices

Purpose – In ubiquitous computing environments, not only programmers but also general users come to develop/customize applications. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to propose a new application development environment for ubiquitous computing environments.Design/methodology/approach – The paper clarifies the requirements for application development environments of ubiquitous computing environments. It then designs and implements a prototype of a development environment that fulfills these requirements.Findings – It is found that the requirements for application development in ubiquitous computing environments are: easy programming, detection of current status, programming awareness of network connections between multiple ubiquitous devices, and debugging with cooperation among real/virtual environments.Research limitations/implications – This prototype of application development environment is designed for event‐driven ubiquitous devices.Practical implications – A prototype development environment .
Mixed-Strain Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infections and the Implications for Tuberculosis Treatment and Control

SUMMARY Numerous studies have reported that individuals can simultaneously harbor multiple distinct strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. To date, there has been limited discussion of the consequences for the individual or the epidemiological importance of mixed infections. Here, we review studies that documented mixed infections, highlight challenges associated with the detection of mixed infections, and discuss possible implications of mixed infections for the diagnosis and treatment of patients and for the community impact of tuberculosis control strategies. We conclude by highlighting questions that should be resolved in order to improve our understanding of the importance of mixed-strain M. tuberculosis infections.
Core losses model of switched reluctance motor

The paper deals with a mathematical model of switched reluctance motor, with stator of on induction motor. The parameters of this model were determined experimentally. The motor winding were supplied from different frequencies AC voltage source. Based on the measurements of current and voltage equivalent resistance and inductance of motor windings as a function of frequency were determined using the least squares method. The measurements for different rotation angle of the rotor were carried out. The measured resistance value was significantly higher than the value of the winding resistance because of “iron losses”. The losses are modeled as the losses of a single turn wound on the rotor core, representing the eddy currents circuit. The losses are dependent on the angle of the rotor rotation relative to the stator. Based on the relationship between the equivalent inductance and resistance of the motor measured and specified of the model, the parameters were determined.
Optimized Neural Network Story Generator

The paper inspired us most describes skip-thought vector algorithm to track the sentence semantics. Sentences that share semantic and syntactic properties are thus mapped to similar vector representations. Future Work • We will find a way to improve training efficiency in further and reduce computational complexity in network parameterization. • In future, instead of a simple description of the picture, we want to optimized our module to understand the meaning of a picture. Evaluation Result ht = (1− zt )⊙ ht−1 + zt ⊙ " ht " ht = g(Whxt +Uh(rt ⊙ ht−1)+ bh )
Glucose-containing oligosaccharides in the urine of patients with glycogen storage disease type II and type III.

Patients with glycogen storage disease type II and type III were recently found to excrete increased amounts of a glucose-containing tetrasaccharide DGlcp(alpha1 leads to 6)DGlcp(alpha1 leads to 4)DGlcp(alpha1 leads to 4)DGlc [Lennartson, G. , Lundblad, A. , Sjöblad, S. , Svensson, S. and Ockerman, P.A. (1976) Biomed. Mass Spectrom. 3, 51--54]. In addition to this tetrasaccharide, urine from these patients also contains larger oligosaccharides containing only glucose. From urine of patients with glycogen storage disease type II and type III, three and four oligosaccharides respectively have been isolated. Structural studies including sugar analyses, methylation analyses, partial acid hydrolysis and optical rotation revealed that three compounds were present in the urine of both patients. Their proposed structures or partial structures are as follows: DGlcp(alpha1--6)DGlcp(alpha1--6)DGlcp(alpha1--4)DGlcp(alpha1--4)DGlcp(alpha1--4)DGlc, DGlcp(alpha1--4)DGlcp(alpha1--6)DGlcp(alpha1--6)DGlcp(alpha1--4)DGlcp(alpha1--4)DGlc, and DGlcp(alpha1--6)DGlcp(alpha1--4)DGlcp(alpha1--4)DGlcp(alpha1--4)DGlcp(alpha1--6)DGlcp(alpha1--4)DGlcp(alpha1--4)DGlc. A fourth compound has been partially characterized as a branched heptasaccharide with four (1 leads to 4) linkages and two (1 lead to 6) linkages. Glycogen is possibly the origin of these compounds. However, the number of (1 leads to 6) linkages is higher than expected and may indicate a shorter distance between branches in glycogen than has been generally assumed.
Quaternion based geometric control of Quadrotor UAV

Quadrotor with the ability of hovering and vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) has a great potential for applications in military and civil fields. Algorithm singularity is avoided by introducing the concept of manifold in geometric control which provides unique insights to control theory that cannot be obtained from dynamic models represented using local coordinates. In this paper, the dynamics of the quadrotor are expressed globally based on quaternion algebra. A new stabilizing method with hierarchical control structure is proposed. The proposed method avoids the problem of algorithm singularity in the frame of geometric control and show compactness and briefness by introducing quaternion algebra.
Ultrasound versus Clinical Examination to Estimate Fetal Weight at Term

Abstract Introduction At term, fetal weight estimation is an important factor for decisions about the delivery mode and the timing of labor induction. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of abdominal palpation with that of ultrasound performed by different examiners to estimate fetal weight. The study investigated whether differences in the examinersʼ training affected fetal weight estimates. The accuracy of the weight estimates made for fetuses with extreme birth weights was also evaluated. Finally, the accuracy of Johnsonʼs method and of Insler and Bernsteinʼs formula for estimating fetal weight were compared with the other two methods. Methods This prospective study included singleton pregnancies between 37 weeks of gestation and 12 days post-term planned for vaginal delivery or cesarean section. Ultrasound and abdominal palpation using Leopoldʼs maneuvers were performed by examiners with different levels of professional experience. Fetal weight was additionally estimated using Insler and Bernsteinʼs formula and Johnsonʼs method. Statistical analysis calculated the accuracy of fetal weight estimates for the different examiners and the four methods. Results A total of 204 women were included in the analysis. Trained ultrasound examiners were most accurate when estimating fetal weight compared with all other examiners. The comparison of all four methods showed that fetal weight was assessed most accurately with ultrasound. No learning curve could be established. BMI and advanced gestational age affected the accuracy of the estimated weight. The analysis showed that a greater deviation between estimated weight and actual weight occurred with all four methods for fetuses at either end of the extremes of fetal weight, i.e., with very low or very high birth weights. Conclusion Fetal weight should be estimated using ultrasound. A good ultrasound training is essential.
Use of breast reconstruction after mastectomy following the Women's Health and Cancer Rights Act.

Financial Disclosure: Dr Sach’s department has received funding to collaborate with the Department of Defense and the American Research Institute to develop a new curriculum for team training that will be made freely available to the public. Dr Sachs is developing, with Harvard’s Risk Management Foundation, quality assurance and team training programs that will be provided through a limited liability company, of which Dr Sachs is part owner, chairman, and a member of the board.
Synthesis of Manganese Chloride Activated Carbon Deriving from WheatStraw and its Adsorption Mechanism for Arsenic and Chromium

Manganese impregnated biochar deriving from wheat straw were synthesized to treat heavy metal contamination. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to determine the characteristics of adsorbents. Batch adsorption experiments demonstrated a fit Langmuir model with the maximum adsorption capacity of 0.216 mmol g-1 for As (III) and a suitable Freundlich model for Cr (VI) respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were measured to explore probable adsorption mechanisms involving As and Cr adsorption, which indicated that the Lewis acid-base interactions play a more important role in arsenic adsorption while electrostatic interaction along with the reduction Cr (VI) to Cr (III) contribute primarily to chromium adsorption.
Happy Now, Tired Later? Extraverted and Conscientious Behavior Are Related to Immediate Mood Gains, but to Later Fatigue.

OBJECTIVE Experience sampling studies on Big Five-related behavior show that people display the whole spectrum of each trait in their daily behavior, and that desirable Big Five states-especially state Extraversion-are related to positive mood. However, other research lines suggest that extraverted and conscientious behavior may be mentally depleting. The present research examined this possibility by extending the time frame of the measured personality processes. METHOD A 12-day experience sampling study (N = 48; observations = 2,328) measured Big Five states, mood, stress, and fatigue five times a day. RESULTS Extraverted and conscientious behavior were concurrently related to positive mood and lower fatigue, but to higher fatigue after a 3-hour delay. These relations were not moderated by personality traits. The relation between extraverted behavior and delayed fatigue was mediated by the number of people the person had encountered. Whether the person had a goal mediated the relation between conscientious behavior and delayed fatigue. CONCLUSION Extraverted and conscientious behavior predict mental depletion after a 3-hour delay. The results help reconcile previous findings regarding the consequences of state Extraversion and provide novel information about the consequences of state Conscientiousness.