Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Perceived risk, anxiety and protective health behaviours during the early phase of coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in Nigeria

Background: Pandemics such as the current COVID-19 pandemic are often associated with heightened fears and significant adjustments in health behaviours. Aim: This study was aimed to assess perceived risk, anxiety and protective health behaviours of the general public during the early phase of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in NigeriaMethods: A cross-sectional study among 1197 respondents aged 18 years and above between April 27th to May 16th, 2020. Result: More than half (61.9%) of the respondents have high risk perception towards COVID-19. Using the seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale, high anxiety level was found in 37.2% of the study respondents. Male gender (OR=1.38,CI=1.09-1.74), being employed (OR=1.53,CI = 1.21- 1.95) and high risk perception (OR=1.33, CI = 1.05-1.69) were positively associated with observance of more than one protective measure against COVID-19. Having not more than 12 years of education (OR=0.51, CI=0.32-0.81) was negatively associated with observance of more than one protective behaviour. High risk perception (OR=1.82; CI=1.42-2.34), having not more than 12 years of education (OR=1.73; CI= 1.13-2.64), and being employed (OR =1.29; CI=1.01-1.64) were positively associated with anxiety. Being aged 25-34 years (OR=0.34; CI =0.12-0.94) and being aged 35-54 years (OR=0.30; CI=0.10-0.85) were found to be protective against developing COVID-19- related anxiety.Conclusions: This study showed that risk perception has influence on both anxiety and observance of protective behaviours. Being a novel experience, this research has implications to support current and future response to a pandemic experience.
How can Head & Neck disorders be a liability to Indian population: Hindrance & Nuisance or Hesitance & Negligence???

Introduction: Head & Neck disorders still remains a “global burden” in the world map till date. With the increasing trend of cancer in the present day scenario and raising parameters of aetiology with varied clinical occurrence, there has been a major plunge at the way things are perceived by a common man in day to day life. Aims & Objectives: To find out the various causes for Head & Neck disorder at our set up. Also to put together and touch upon aspects like risk factors, symptomatology associated with nature of the disease process in this belt of Malnad region. Methodology: 352 patients with Head & Neck disorders were considered for the study over a period of 1 year who were evaluated clinically and radiologically. After initial evaluation, most of them were referred to higher centre for further management. Results: Nearly 75% of patients presented with malignancy with 5 times predominance in males and around 97% patients belonging to the region from oral cavity up to larynx as they have a common epithelial origin. Conclusion: Head & Neck disorders are never to be neglected as it the “runway” to the crux of the body system. Any sort of limitation or hesitation can cost life and well-being.
Mapping dominant genus/species types in natural and seminatural landscapes across Wales through application of Sentinel-2 time-series data

The unprecedented loss of habitats and biodiversity in the UK has been particularly evident during the past few decades and strongly emphasises the need for monitoring habitat states and dynamics on a more regular and consistent basis. Timely availability of free, high resolution Sentinel optical and radar data offers an opportunity to develop capacity for monitoring and informing natural resource management and interventions. This study demonstrates a workflow to utilise the full potential of Sentinel-2 datasets through a systematic, scalable approach for routinely mapping dominant vegetation genus/species in the natural and semi-natural habitats across the landscape. The present study is part of the Living Wales project which is developing a landcover monitoring framework for Wales with operational capabilities. The project utilizes the Food and Agriculture Organisation Land Cover Classification System (LCCS) as the base taxonomy. The LCCS provides capability to integrate Essential Environmental Descriptors (EEDs) of the environment retrieved from Earth observation (EO) data to generate the land cover maps. A precursor classification step first involved identification and separation of natural/semi-natural vegetated and cultivated areas across Wales into woody (trees and shrubs) and herbaceous lifeforms. Within the natural/semi-natural lifeform category, spectrally distinct genus or species were separated first, followed by further segregation of groups with similar spectral response. A machine learning algorithm was optimized by identifying appropriate spectral variables and time windows for the stepwise separations. This study generates most recent dominant species/genus map for Wales with validation and pixelwise probability statistics. The map represents a composite period of four years (2015-19), with capacity for routinely update (e.g., for 2016-20), thereby ensuring temporal consistency. The method demonstrates a systematic EO-based approach for genus/species mapping by efficiently utilising dense time-series information from ~10 m resolution Sentinel-2 data.
A Targeted Attack on Black-Box Neural Machine Translation with Parallel Data Poisoning

As modern neural machine translation (NMT) systems have been widely deployed, their security vulnerabilities require close scrutiny. Most recently, NMT systems have been found vulnerable to targeted attacks which cause them to produce specific, unsolicited, and even harmful translations. These attacks are usually exploited in a white-box setting, where adversarial inputs causing targeted translations are discovered for a known target system. However, this approach is less viable when the target system is black-box and unknown to the adversary (e.g., secured commercial systems). In this paper, we show that targeted attacks on black-box NMT systems are feasible, based on poisoning a small fraction of their parallel training data. We show that this attack can be realised practically via targeted corruption of web documents crawled to form the system’s training data. We then analyse the effectiveness of the targeted poisoning in two common NMT training scenarios: the from-scratch training and the pre-train & fine-tune paradigm. Our results are alarming: even on the state-of-the-art systems trained with massive parallel data (tens of millions), the attacks are still successful (over 50% success rate) under surprisingly low poisoning budgets (e.g., 0.006%). Lastly, we discuss potential defences to counter such attacks.
A combination of clinical study and Network Pharmacology approach to explore the efficacy and mechanism of Buxue Yimu Pills on gynecological anemia

Background Iron supplement is the first-line treatment for gynecological anemia (GA). However, its performance is limited by common gastrointestinal reactions and some inadequate responses. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history in the treatment of gynecological conditions but has been restricted by limited high-quality research, unknown bioactive ingredients, and mechanisms. Objectives These studies aim to compare the clinical efficacy of Buxue Yimu Pills (BYP),ferrous sulfate, and the addition of BYP to ferrous sulfate on GA through oral administration, and to investigate the mechanisms of BYP using network pharmacology approach. Design: Prospective, open-label, comparative, randomized, multicenter clinical trial. Setting: Gynecology departments in three public hospitals. Patients: 170 patients with hemoglobin of 70–110 g/L were recruited and randomized into three groups: BYP group, oral iron group, and combined BYP & oral iron group. After a four-week treatment, the complete blood count (CBC) along with the markers for iron metabolism were determined for 138 patients. Furthermore, network pharmacology was performed to identify the active ingredients and potential mechanisms of BYP. Results While iron-treated groups showed elevated hemoglobin in accompany with significant changes in iron metabolism biomarkers, the BYP group exhibited hemoglobin improvement without apparent changes in iron metabolism markers. The network pharmacology identified 27 bioactive compounds and 145 targets of BYP on GA. A number of biological processes and pathways were identified, including regulation of inflammation, regulation of steroid hormone, angiogenesis and hemostasis, response to decreased oxygen levels, effects on myeloma cell, and response to metal ions. Conclusions BYP contributes to the practical improvement of gynecological anemia potentially through multi-target mechanisms independent from increasing hemopoietic raw material-iron.
Pengembangan Aplikasi Anola Berbasis Android untuk Pembelajaran Atletik Nomor Lari Jarak Pendek

The product of the digital age advances is the existence of sophisticated devices such as smartphones, which are now an inseparable part of human life. This device makes all human activities become practical and fast. The development of the Athletics application Running Number abbreviated as ANOLA is one of the learning innovations. The purpose of this study is to describe the application development, practicality and effectiveness of android-based so that it can be used as a learning media for athletic material running number Method used is Design and Development (D & D) while the process of developing an ANOLA application uses the Analysys, Design, Development, Implementation, Implementation, Evaluation (ADDIE). The results of the study show that the practicality of ANOLA application shows the number 94.67% (Very Practical), while the effectiveness test is 96% (Very Effective). Feasibility test by media experts obtained 96.67% (Very Eligible). The results of the competency test through pre-test and post-test showed an increase in mastery learning in class 8 D students by 53% in the realm of knowledge (KI.3) and by 23% in the realm of skills (KI. 4).
PEMBERDAYAAN PETANI MISKIN DI PEDESAAN: ANALISIS PENGALAMAN PROGRAM SLT DAN IDT (EMPOWERING POOR FARMER IN VILLAGES: ANALYSIS OF EXPERIENCE OF SLT AND IDT PROGRAMME)

There are two events that almost similar, first, economy crisis in 2005 because increasing oil price almost 100 percent, second, economy crisis in 1997 because monetary situation. In 2005, government carried out SLT programme for solving poverty, and in 1997 government carried out IDT programme. SLT programme was not followed by empowering poor farmer, but IDT programme was followed by empowering poor farmer. IDT programme gave capital for business for instance livestock, and gave livestock extension and guidance. The result of empowering poor farmer were, there were increasing income level and saving ability of poor farmer. Keywords : empowering, poor farmer, economy crisis.
X-ray structure refinements of tremolite at 140 and 295 K: Crystal chemistry and petrologic implications

Abstract near-end-member natural tremolite, Na0.01Ca1. 97Mg4.98Fe0. 03Al0.01Si8. 00O22(OH)2, studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 140 and 295 K to seek a possible crystalchemical explanation for the typically low Ca/Σ M ratios, relative to the ideal ratio of 2/5, observed in both natural and synthetic tremolite samples. Difference-Fourier maps revealed the presence of a residual electron density close to the M4 site along the diad axis toward the octahedral strip. Structure refinements indicated that the M4 and M4ʹ sites are occupied by Ca + Na and M(Fe + Mg), respectively. In comparison with the configuration of the M2 coordination polyhedron in diopside, the degree of distortion and the volume of the M4 coordination polyhedron in tremolite are relatively large and the M4 cation is slightly underbonded. These two factors contribute to an energetic drive toward M-enriched tremolite. The average unit-cell volume of 906.6(2) Å3 determined at 295 K for nearly pure tremolite in this study suggests an end-member reference-state volume for tremolite of 907 Å3. This indicates that cell volumes of synthetic tremolite of 904.2(4) Å3 reflect 8-10% cummingtonite solid solution, as previous authors have claimed. Similarly, β angles of 104.53-104.58° for synthetic tremolite suggest similar amounts of cummingtonite, when compared to β = 104.76(2)° for near-end-member tremolite and 104.75(5)° for many natural tremolite samples from calc-silicate parageneses. The compositions of natural and synthetic tremolite samples are consistent with theoretical constraints on the Ca/Σ M ratio of tremolite. Decreasing temperature increases the Ca/Σ M ratio of tremolite in both Mg-saturated (+ talc, anthophyllite, cummingtonite, or enstatite) and Ca-saturated (+ diopside, quartz, H2O) parageneses. Stabilization of cummingtonite- tremolite solid solution caused by M4-site splitting (M on M4ʹ) is small in comparison with the enthalpic consequence of size mismatch. The configurational entropy term (mixing of Ca and Mg) accounts for the coexistence of cummingtonite-bearing tremolite with diopside, quartz, and H2O, and for the problem of achieving 100% synthesis of tremolite of ideal composition.
Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) based high-throughput online assay for key cell wall features that determine sugarcane bagasse digestibility

Background: The improvement of sugarcane cell wall structure is a promising strategy to enhance the bagasse digestibility to improve its prospects as a bioenergy crop. In this context, cellulose crystallinity (CrI) and lignin are the key parameters that influence the saccharification efficiency. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop a high-throughput assay for online characterization of these cell wall features in sugarcane. Results: A total of 838 different sugarcane genotypes were collected at different growth stages during 2018 and 2019. A continuous variation distribution of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was observed among the sugarcane samples. Due to significant diversity of the cell wall features in the sampled population of the crop, seven high quality calibration models were developed through online NIRS calibration. All of the generated equations displayed coefficient of determination (R2) values higher than 0.8 and high ratio performance deviation (RPD) values over 2.0 in calibration, internal cross validation, and external validation. Particularly, the equations for CrI and the total lignin content exhibited the RPD values as high as 2.56 and 2.55, respectively, indicating their excellent prediction capacity. Furthermore, the offline NIRS assay was also performed. A comparable calibration was observed between the offline and online NIRS analyses, suggesting that both of the two strategies would be applicable for estimating cell wall characteristics. Nevertheless, as online NIRS assay offers greater advantages for large-scale screening jobs, it could be implied as a better option for high-throughput cell wall features prediction. Conclusions: This study, as a foremost attempt, explored an online NIRS assay for high-throughput assessment of key sugarcane cell wall attributes in terms of CrI, lignin content, and its proportion in sugarcane. Consistent and precise calibration results were obtained in NIRS modeling; insinuating this strategy as a reliable approach for large-scale screening of promising sugarcane germplasm for cell wall structure improvement and beyond.
Misery on Main Street, Victory on Wall Street: Economic Discomfort and the Cross-Section of Global Stock Returns

This study argues that local economic discomfort influences investors’ risk-aversion, leading to a cross-sectional variation of equity risk premia around the world. To test this assertion, we use the popular Misery Index, which aggregates unemployment and inflation rates, as a gauge of macroeconomic welfare. Using data from 65 stock markets for the years 1960–2019, we demonstrate that economic discomfort reliably predicts future equity returns in the cross-section. A quartile of countries with the highest Misery Index outperform the countries with the lowest Misery Index by 0.65% per month. The phenomenon is not subsumed by a battery of established return predictors and proves robust to many additional checks. The effect is stronger in countries where prices are set primarily by local investors and where uncertainty avoidance is high. Finally, this economic discomfort premium can be successfully harvested with liquid exchange-traded funds.
BLOCKCHAIN USE CASES EXPLORATIVE STUDY FOR INDIAN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

: Blockchain technology that has numerous benefits like immutability, finality and consensus is expanding its footstep in industrial world. Many countries and industries has started its initial usage and now Government of India has also shown interest to utilize its potential barring its usage with crypto transactions and piloted prototypes in registry of land records, health care etc. Sooner or later the technology will impact the Indian auto industry as many global auto players has started various initiatives based on blockchain, however the decision to use technology has to be driven with rationale and business logics rather than herd mentality. Many use cases has been theorized, forecasted, prototyped and implemented by industry and researchers on this technology. Blockchain along with IOT, AI and big data has potential to transform the way industry operates and has application potential across all sectors and functions. The analysis and conclusion reveals that automatic software update is one of the use case of block chain technology where Auto Industry can immediately work upon. Other conclusion that is drawn is use cases related to supply chain, traceability, targeted recalls, smart manufacturing, extended vehicle ledger, connected services, smart, EV segregated aggregate shall be reviewed after three years ,uses cases related to shared fleets/mobility as a service, asset registry, automatic transactions/cross border payments, finance, regulatory compliance, dealer and customer incentives, odometer fraud and warranty handling to be reviewed after span of five years and futuristic use cases of smart grid interoperability , retail and digital retailing and communication in autonomous vehicles to be reviewed after seven years.
On the reservoir of sulphur in dark clouds : chemistry and elemental abundance reconciled

Sulphur-bearing species are often used to probe the physical structure of star forming regions of the interstellar medium, but the chemistry of sulphur in these regions is still poorly understood. In dark clouds, sulphur is supposed to be depleted under a form which is still unknown despite numerous observations and chemical modeling studies that have been performed. In order to improve the modeling of sulphur chemistry, we propose an enhancement of the sulphur chemical network using experimental and theoretical literature. We test the effect of the updated network on the outputs of a three phases gas-grain chemical model for dark cloud conditions using different elemental sulphur abundances. More particularly, we focus our study on the main sulphur reservoirs as well as on the agreement between model predictions and the abundances observed in the dark cloud TMC-1 (CP). Our results show that depending on the age of the observed cloud, the reservoir of sulphur could either be atomic sulphur in the gas-phase or HS and H2S in icy grain bulks. We also report the first chemical model able to reproduce the abundances of observed S-bearing species in TMC-1 (CP) using as elemental abundance of sulphur its cosmic value.
AC Cascading Failure Model for Resilience Analysis in Power Networks

Cascading failures are one of the main mechanisms causing widespread blackouts of power networks. Models simulating the behavior of cascading failures are widely used in the literature to understand fault propagation and investigate effective mitigation strategies. However, there is a lack of validated models that address the specific requirements of resilience analysis in power networks and that are computationally fast and converge reliably for very large contingency sizes that may occur under extreme events. This article presents a novel comprehensive ac cascading failure model particularly designed for resilience analysis in power networks. The model is capable to deal with large contingency sizes, it is computationally efficient in large networks and integrates seamlessly with established resilience metrics. It incorporates dynamic phenomena and protection mechanisms using static representations. The model is verified following the recommendations by the IEEE PES working group on cascading failures using internal validation, sensitivity analysis, and comparison to historical outage data. Furthermore, an analysis of the impact of different contingency sizes and the dependency of cascades on network loading level, are given to illustrate some applications of the model and to highlight its capabilities.
Tratamiento ortobiológico con plasma rico en plaquetas. Revisión sistemática y clasificación de la evidencia

Introduction. The use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), autologous plasma with a number of platelets higher than that of basal plasma, after having been subjected to some extraction and concentration process, has taken a noticeable rise to stimulate tissue regeneration in musculoskeletal and soft tissue disorders. The objective of this study is to systematically review the efficacy of treatment with PRP in some musculoskeletal and soft tissue injuries, in plastic and maxillofacial surgery, as well as in dentistry and dermatology, with their level of evidence and grade of recommendation. Methodology. The search was performed using MeSH terms in PubMed, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Library. A total of 44 articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were analyzed. Results. Analysis of the studies found that the level of evidence was level 1 in 75%, level 2 in 15.9%, level 3 in 6.8%, and level 4 in 2.2%. The grade of recommendations was distributed between good and favorable; 40.9% reflected grade A, 50% grade B, and 9% grade C. However, 50% of the studies reported in their conclusions that there is a deficiency in the methodology, with inconsistency in their results. Conclusion. These findings indicate that the evidence found shows contradictory results, most of them do not show a firm proof that supports their routine use, because their designs and statistical power are of low quality. It is necessary to unify criteria and research designs with highly recommended scientific evidence so that the use of PRP as an orthobiological agent in these pathologies could be widely accepted.