Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Germinación y crecimiento de plántulas de pimentón y lechuga inoculadas con rizobios e identificación molecular de las cepas

espanolLas semillas de algunas hortalizas de alto consumo en la poblacion venezolana presentan bajo porcentaje y retraso en la germinacion. En esta investigacion se evaluo el efecto de diez aislados rizobianos autoctonos sobre la germinacion y el crecimiento del pimenton (Capsicum annuum L.) y la lechuga (Lactuca sativa L.) en fase de semillero para producir plantulas mas vigorosas. Se sembraron 100 semillas/tratamiento por triplicado e inocularon con los cultivos bacterianos (1x108 cel∙mL-1) mas un control no inoculado, y se registro la germinacion durante 8 dias. Se trasplantaron 15 plantulas/tratamiento a bandejas de horticultura provistas de un sustrato esteril inerte, se reinocularon y mantuvieron en umbraculo durante 30-45 dias, para evaluar el efecto sobre el crecimiento. Los resultados se analizaron mediante Anova y compararon con el control. Los aislados RmBorbollon y ME01 resultaron los mas eficientes para promover la germinacion (P≤0,05) en el pimenton. No se detecto efecto sobre la germinacion de la lechuga. Los aislados ME01 y Med incrementaron significativamente (P≤0,05) la mayoria de las variables de crecimiento del pimenton y algunas de la lechuga, lo que sugiere una especificidad de accion entre los microorganismos y las especies vegetales. Se identifico a las cepas dentro de los generos Ochrobactrum, Bradyrhizobium y Pseudomonas. Se concluye que estos aislados al ejercer su efecto promotor podrian constituir cepas promisorias para la formulacion de biofertilizantes. EnglishThe seeds of some vegetables of high consumption by the Venezuelan population have a low percentage and delay in germination. In this research we evaluated the effect of ten indigenous rhizobial isolates on the germination and growth of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) during seedling stage to produce more vigorous plants. One hundred seeds were planted/treatment in triplicate and inoculated with the bacterial cultures (1x108 cel∙mL-1) plus a non- inoculated control, recording the germination during 8 days. Fifteen seedlings were transplanted/treatment to propagation trays with an inert sterile substrate, reinoculated and maintained for 30-45 days, to evaluate the effect on growth. The results were analyzed by Anova and compared with the control. The isolates RmBorbollon and ME01 were the most efficient to promote germination (P≤0,05) in bell pepper. No effect was found for lettuce germination. The isolates ME01 and Med increased significantly (P≤0,05) most growth variables in bell pepper and just a few in lettuce, which suggests some specificity of action between microorganisms and plant species. The strains were identified as belonging to the genera Ochrobactrum, Bradyrhizobium and Pseudomonas. It is concluded that these isolates, at exerting their promoter effect, may constitute promising strains for the formulation of biofertilizers.
Einfluss von Ausdauertraining auf die Mitochondrienfunktion von Ratten mit hoher und niedriger intrinsischer körperlicher Leistungsfähigkeit

Ratten mit hoher intrinsischer Leistungsfahigkeit (HCR) konnen langere Distanzen zurucklegen und erreichen hohere Laufgeschwindigkeiten als Ratten mit niedriger intrinsischer Leistungsfahigkeit (LCR). Auserdem haben sie ein anderes kardiovaskulares Gesundheitsprofil, mit niedrigerem Blutdruck, Blutzucker- und Korpergewicht als die LCR. Es sollte die Hypothese untersucht werden, wonach der Effekt von Ausdauertraining auf die Mitochondrienfunktion der Ratte von der genetischen Pradisposition abhangt. Weibliche HCR und LCR wurden in vier Gruppen unterteilt (HCR-C, HCR-Ex, LCR-C, LCR-Ex). Lauf-Tiere trainierten vier Wochen ein individuelles, aerobes Intervalltraining. Subsarkolemmale und interfibrillare Mitochondrien wurden getrennt aus Herz- und Skelettmuskel und der Leber isoliert. Dann wurden die Citratsynthaseaktivitat sowie der Proteingehalt bestimmt und die respiratorische Kapazitat der Mitochondrien untersucht. Die LCR-C waren signifikant schwerer und hatten in Relation zum Korpergewicht ein geringeres Herzgewicht. In Relation zum Korpergewicht nahm als Zeichen fur kardiale Hypertrophie das Gewicht des Herzens durch das Laufbandtraining bei HCR und LCR zu. Nach dem Training hatten IFM und SSM der HCR des Herzens und IFM des Skelettmuskels eine erhohte respiratorische Kapazitat. Auch die Citratsynthaseaktivitat erhohte sich im Herzmuskel der HCR durch Training. Hingegen zeigten die Mitochondrien der LCR keine wesentlichen Veranderungen. Ausdauertraining hatte einen starkeren Einfluss auf die Mitochondrienfunktion im Herzen und im Skelettmuskel der HCR. Die Korper- und Organgewichte von HCR und LCR durch Training wurden unterschiedlich beeinflusst, was auf vom Phanotyp abhangige Anpassungen der Gesamtorganismen, sowie der einzelnen Organe durch Ausdauertraining hinweist. Dies zeigt, dass die genetische Pradisposition fur korperliche Leistungsfahigkeit den Effekt von Ausdauertraining auf die Mitochondrienfunktion beeinflusst.
Understanding the mechanism of cure in testicular cancer

The expression of cancer testis antigens (CTAgs) is normally restricted to spermatogenic cells of the testis but is also present in many cancers including testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs). CTAg-specific T cell responses have been identified in patients with other solid tumours, and here we identified CTAg-specific T cells in TGCT patients. MAGEA-family specific T cell responses were detected in 21/49 patients with a magnitude of up to 0.149% of total peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Responses to multiple MAGEA antigens were frequently detected in seminoma patients irrespective of tumour stage. Conversely, NSGCTT patients only developed responses towards MAGEA3, which were strongly associated with disease progression. Longitudinal analysis revealed that the magnitude of MAGE-specific immune responses diminished over time by up to 95%, which correlated with the removal of tumour antigens. MAGE-specific CD8 T cells demonstrated cytotoxic potential against endogenously presented antigen. Tumour infiltrating T cells were antigen experienced, recently activated, oligoclonal populations; many of which expressed the inhibitory molecules, TIM-3 and PD-1. Proliferation and cytokine secretion was suppressed in vivo but was rescued with in vitro stimulation, indicative of an exhausted T cell phenotype. Our findings have significant implications in the development of novel CTAg-specific immunotherapy in patients with cancer.
Elevation in S‐adenosylhomocysteine and DNA hypomethylation in parents and children with autism

Many complex developmental and neuropsychiatric disorders are influenced by gene‐environment interactions that may be mediated, in part, by aberrant DNA methylation. S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM) serves as the methyl donor for DNA methyltransferase reactions whereas the reaction product, S‐adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), is a potent product inhibitor when elevated. Recently, many autistic children were found to have impaired methylation capacity as evidenced by low SAM/SAH ratio. To further pursue these observations, we measured plasma SAM, SAH, and absolute levels of 5‐methylcystosine (5‐mC) in parents and children with autism using HPLC with electrochemical detection. Autistic children (15%) with elevated SAH and low SAM exhibited a significant decrease in absolute levels of DNA 5‐mC compared to autistic children with low SAH and normal SAM. Among the parents with elevated SAH (60%), mean SAM and homocysteine levels were not significantly different from parents with normal SAH. The 5‐mC content in DNA from parents with elevated SAH was significantly decreased relative to parents with normal SAH levels. The lack of association between elevated SAH and homocysteine levels suggests a deficiency in SAH hydrolase activity. Because DNA hypomethylation is often associated with promoter hypermethylation and abnormal gene expression, these results support a role for epigenetics in the pathophysiology of autism.
Population structure of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in crop and wild hosts in the UK

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is an important pathogen of many crop plants which also infects wild hosts. The population structure of this fungus was studied for different crop plants and Ranunculus acris (meadow buttercup) in the UK using eight microsatellite markers and sequenced sections of the intergenic spacer (IGS) region of the rRNA gene and the elongation factor 1-alpha (EF) gene. A total of 228 microsatellite haplotypes were identified within 384 isolates from 12 S. sclerotiorum populations sampled in England and Wales. One microsatellite haplotype was generally found at high frequency in each population and was distributed widely across different hosts, locations and years. Fourteen IGS and five EF haplotypes were found in the 12 populations, with six IGS haplotypes and one EF haplotype exclusive to buttercup. Analysis of published sequences for S. sclerotiorum populations from the USA, Canada, New Zealand and Norway showed that three of the IGS haplotypes and one EF haplotype were widely distributed, while eight IGS haplotypes were only found in the UK. Although common microsatellite and IGS/EF haplotypes were found on different hosts in the UK, there was evidence of differentiation, particularly for one isolated population on buttercup. However, overall there was no consistent differentiation of S. sclerotiorum populations from buttercup and crop hosts. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum therefore has a multiclonal population structure in the UK and the wide distribution of one microsatellite haplotype suggests spatial mixing at a national scale. The related species S. subarctica was also identified in one buttercup population.
FIELD EFFICACY OF CHEMICAL INSECTICIDES AGAINST SPOTTED POD BORER, MARUCA VITRATA (FABRICIUS) INFESTING BLACKGRAM*

A field experiment was conducted to determine the efficacy of nine chemical insecticides against spotted pod borer, [Maruca vitrata (Fabricius)] infesting blackgram during kharif season of 2008. The results revealed that spinosad 0.009 %, indoxacarb 0.008 %, profenophos 0.05 % and lambda cyhalothrin 0.005 % were found the most effective in reducing the larval population of M. vitrata and also to reduce the pod damage of blackgram. The maximum per cent increase in seed yield (79.37 per cent) of blackgram over control was recorded in the treatment of spinosad 0.009 %. The next effective treatments were indoxacarb 0.008 %, profenophos 0.05 % and lambda cyhalothrin 0.005 %. The treatments of profenophos 0.05 % and lambda cyhalothrin 0.005 % gave the highest incremental cost benefit ratio of 1:12.53 and 1:12.29, respectively followed by endosulfan 0.07 % (1:7.81), profenophos 40 EC + cypermethrin 4 EC (0.044 %; 1:6.81), indoxacarb 0.008 % (1:5.94) and spinosad 0.009 % (1:5.24). Thus, two sprays of profenophos 0.05 % or lambda cyhalothrin 0.05 % or endosulfan 0.07 % or profenophos 40 EC + cypermethrin 4 EC (0.044 %) or indoxacarb 0.008 % or spinosad 0.009 %, first at the time of 50 % flowering and second at 15 days after first spray can be suggested to the farmers for controlling this pest on blackgram and to get more benefit during the kharif season.
Poking a Hole in the Sanctity of the Triplet Code: Inferences for Framing

A restrictive EF-G mutant acts as an anti-suppressor of the frameshift causing properties of the tRNA position 74 substitutions but not of the sufS or tRNAVal hopping mutants described in this chapter. Furthermore, extensive important work on frameshift mutant suppression in Bjork’s laboratory has also focused attention on frameshifting mediated by WT near-cognate tRNAs in the presence of mutant cognate tRNAs. Farabaugh and Bjork extended the model to include the possibility that instead of a normal near-cognate tRNA an undermodified tRNA or a cognate tRNA altered in some other way may also be prone to frameshifting (due to slippage in the P site). This model also proposed that in the absence of mutant tRNAs, nearcognate tRNAs cause frameshifting. Currently two rather different philosophical views about ribosomal frameshifting are being taken. One is to consider programmed frameshifting as amplified errors whose main interest is the insight they provide into translational errors. The other is to value the richness of nature’s exploitation of opportunities to generate high-efficiency frameshifting at particular sites for gene expression purposes.
Evaluación de las asociaciones de peces dominantes influenciadas por el ciclo nictemeral y la variación temporal en la Reserva de la Biósfera Los Petenes, Campeche, México

The Petenes Biosphere Reserve (RBLP) is located on the coast of Campeche in the Gulf of Mexico. In this ecosystem nektonic fauna is distinguished for its abundance and diversity as well as the wide seagrasses beds. The purpose of the present work was to analyze the dominant fish associations in a variable environment (dry and rainy season) and a nycthemeral framework. Six sampling campaigns were made in a site located near Jaina Island in the central region of the RBLP between December 2010 and October 2011. In a period of 24 h biological samples were collected every 2 h, and temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and pH were measured. All fishes were identified and the dominant species were determined. Statistical techniques of classification and ordering were applied in order to analyze the interspecific associations and the correlations between species abundance and environmental variability. A total volume of 10 602 fish weighing 163.62 kg were captured, identifying 44 species, grouping them in 33 genera and 23 families, 14 of which resulted dominant. Haemulon plumierii was outstanding for its abundance. The canonic correspondence analysis for dry season emphasized the relationship between salinity and pH with the abundance of Eucinostomus gula, Acanthostracion quadricornis and Haemulon aurolineatum. For the rainy season, the relationship between dissolved oxygen and Lagodon rhomboids is evident. There were no significant statistical differences between the groups by climatic period.
T-Zell Polarisierung bei der humanen Tuberkulose: Charakterisierung der Rolle von Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS)-3 bei der Aktivierung und Differenzierung von CD4+ T-Zellen.

CD4+ T cells are crucial for the immune response against several infectious diseases, especially tuberculosis, which is caused by the intracellular bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Most M. tuberculosis-infected people are latently infected without developing any symptoms. Only about 5 10 % of infected people develop active tuberculosis during lifetime. For an efficient immune response CD4+ T helper type 1 (TH1) cells, producing the effector cytokine IFNg, are essential. SOCS3 regulates cytokine-induced JAK/STAT signaling and affects the regulation of T-cell activation and polarization. In tuberculosis infection a high SOCS3 expression correlates with active tuberculosis disease, while a low SOCS3 expression indicates a protective immune response. Additionally SOCS3 induces T-cell exhaustion in chronic viral infections, that impairs the functional immune response. In this study regulation of human CD4+ T-cell activation and polarization was analyzed in Tcells from healthy donors and latenly M. tuberculosis-infected persons (LTBI) to characterize the influence of SOCS3 expression on the M. tuberculosis-specific immune response. For analysis of SOCS3 expression in primary T cells and T-cell clones, a flow cytometry-based quantitative assay was established. SOCS3 was expressed in T cells ex vivo, and mycobycteria-specific activation of T cells caused an upregulation of SOCS3 expression. Coincubation of M. tuberculosis-specific PBMCs together with mycobacteria-infected autologous macrophages revealed a transient reduction of SOCS3 expression. T-cell polarization towards TH2 and TH17 was associated with increased SOCS3 Expression. This was observed in TH17 precursor cells (CD161+ T cells) as well. SOCS3 protein was overexpressed in primary T cells using a lentiviral transduction approach, thereby revealing an increased IL-17 expression. Additionally the overexpression of SOCS3 caused an inhibition of T-cell proliferation, which indicates exhaustion of the T cells. Recently IL-7 was identified as a inhibitor of SOCS3 expression and modulator of murine T cell exhaustion. In the present study IL-7 had a beneficial effect on viability and proliferation of human T cells. However, this effect was not observed in T cells overexpressing SOCS3. In conclusion these results indicate that regulation of SOCS3 in T cells is important for immune polarization and is therefore assumed to influence the immune response during M. tuberculosis infection. T-cell exhaustion may be involved in tuberculosis as well. These results indicate, that IL-7 might be beneficial for tuberculosis therapy.
The Immunoglobulin FactsBook

The FactsBook series has established itself as the best source of easily accessible and accurate facts about protein groups. Books in the series use an easy-to-follow format and are meticulously researched and compiled by experts in the field. The Immunoglobulin FactsBook is the first published reference for all 203 human functional and ORF immunoglobulin genes. It is complete and standardized and employs nomenclature approved by the HUGO Nomenclature Committee.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI INFUSA DAUN SIRSAK (Annona muricata L.) SECARA in Vitro TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 dan Escherichia coli ATCC 35218 SERTA PROFIL KROMATOGRAFI LAPIS TIPISNYA

Background: A research has been done to test the In vitro antibacterial activities of sirsak leaf (Annona muricata L.) infuse toward Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 35218 to analyze its thin layer chromatography profile. This research done to observe the antibacterial activity from sirsak leaf infuse. Method: A test on the antibacterial activity was done by using liquid dilution method. The concentration infuse in sterile destilate water using to test the antibacterial activity toward S. aureus were 100%, 95%, 90%, 85%, 80%, and 75% w/v, while toward E. coli were 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, and 50% w/v. To detect Chemical contains of the sirsak leaf infuse were identified using Screening method of Phytochemistry and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Result: The result showed that the Minimum Bacterial Concentration (MBC) of sirsak leaf infuse S. aureus were 85% w/v, while E. coli could not be show antibacterial activity until 100% w/v concentration. The Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) could not be identified by the liquid dilution because the mixture were turbid and the colour is dark brown. Screening method of Phytochemistry use tube-test and Thin Layer Chromatography showed that the infuse contain flavonoid, poliphenol, and alkaloid. Conclusion: Infuse of sirsak leaf (Annona muricata L.) has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli ATCC 35218 profil infuse. Thin Layer Chromatography showed that the infuse contain flavonoid, poliphenol, and alkaloid. Keyword: Antibacterial, sirsak leaf, chromatography
Development of Public Services through the Implementation of European Self-Government Standards in Ukraine

As the experiences of the Central and Eastern European countries show, the reforms connected with decentralization were important in agendas of transformation. It must be also stressed that their implementation had not only political impact as formation and empowerment of new territorial authorities was targeted also on the provision of improved public services to citizens according to the European standards such principles of subsidiarity and self-government. The aim of the article is to present the recent attempts for decentralization and local reforms and their impacts in Ukraine in order to indicate achievements and the possibilities of strengthening public services through the implementation of European self-government and public governance standards. The paper explores the process connected with implementation of series of reforms conducted since 2014 in the researched field. It also proves that the acts recently adopted in Ukraine constitute legal basis not only for the distribution of powers between the authorities at various levels of territorial-administrative system, but they are aimed to improve the quality and efficiency of public services.
Analysis of the bacterial community in glassy‐winged sharpshooter heads

The glassy‐winged sharpshooter (GWSS), Homalodisca vitripennis, is an important vector of various strains of Xylella fastidiosa, which cause disease in a variety of economically important plants. These diseases include citrus variegated chlorosis, oleander leaf scorch and Pierce's Disease of grapevines. Symbiotic control (SC) is a new strategy that uses symbiotic endophytes as biological control agents to antagonize or displace the pathogenic strains of X. fastidiosa. Candidate endophytes for use in SC must occupy the xylem of host plants and attach to the pre‐cibarium and cibarium of sharpshooter insects in order to have access to the pathogen. The study of the bacterial community of GWSS heads by isolation and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) revealed the presence of species that may be suitable for use in SC. In addition, the results indicated that two important factors, insect age and choice of host plant, affect the composition of the bacterial community in GWSS heads. The main bacterial genera isolated as colonizers of GWSS heads were identified, using partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing, as Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Pedobacter and Methylobacterium, as well as the species Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens. DGGE patterns revealed a diversity of endophytic species able to colonize the GWSS head. The main genera isolated in culture were also identified using this technique. Principal component analysis (PCA) from polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐DGGE patterns indicated that the bacteria inhabiting the GWSS head are similar to those found as endophytes inside the host plants, and that insect developmental stage and preferential feeding on one host plant species over another are important factors in determining the composition of the bacterial community in the GWSS head. However, a shift in host plants for a small period of time did not cause changes in the compositions of these communities.
A Search for Gene Fusions/Translocations in Breast Cancer

Abstract : We have undertaken a systematic evaluation of breast cancer to map disease-specific, recurrent chromosomal or transcriptional chimeras in breast cancer towards development of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Analysis of in-house and publicly available gene expression and array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) data lead to the discovery that a subset of estrogen receptor positive breast cancers overexpress angiotensin II receptor, type 1 (AGTR1). In experimental model systems- both in vitro as well as in xenografts in mice, AGTR1 overexpressing breast cancers are sensitive to losartan, an AGTR1 antagonist that is used to treat high blood pressure. These studies published recently in PNAS have generated much interest in the community and will be followed up by us and others. Towards systematic gene fusion discovery, we have developed paired end transcriptome sequencing protocols and bioinformatic pipeline to nominate gene fusion candidates, also published recently in PNAS. Promising gene fusion candidates from breast cancer cell lines and tissues will be followed up in recurrence screens and functional characterization. Another major advance this year has been the discovery of the role of micro RNA 101 in regulating the expression of histone methyltransferase EZH2 in aggressive breast and prostate cancer, published in Science.