Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Overview of the rectangular wire windings AC electrical machine

The rectangular wire winding AC electrical machine has drawn extensive attention due to their high slot fill factor, good heat dissipation, strong rigidity and short end-windings, which can be potential candidates for some traction application so as to enhance torque density, improve efficiency, decrease vibration and weaken noise, etc. In this paper, based on the complex process craft and the electromagnetic performance, a comprehensive and systematical overview on the rectangular wire windings AC electrical machine is introduced. According to the process craft, the different type of the rectangular wire windings, the different inserting direction of the rectangular wire windings and the insulation structure have been compared and analyzed. Furthermore, the detailed rectangular wire windings connection is researched and the general design guideline has been concluded. Especially, the performance of rectangular wire windings AC machine has been presented, with emphasis on the measure of improving the bigger AC copper losses at the high speed condition due to the distinguished proximity and skin effects. Finally, the future trend of the rectangular wire windings AC electrical machine is prospected.
Transmission Properties of the Periodic Structures Based on Graphene Nonlinear Optical Conductivity in a Terahertz Field

By developing the terahertz (THz) technology, in addition to generators and detectors of THz waves, the existence of some tools such as modulators and filters are needed. THz filters are important tools for various applications in the field of chemical and biological sensors. Linear and nonlinear optical properties of the graphene have attracted lots of attention. In fact graphene exhibits various nonlinear phenomena. Hence in this paper, by entering the graphene to the field of THz and using the graphene nonlinear properties with utilizing the transfer matrix method and transmission properties of a periodic structure containing graphene are investigated. A fairly straightforward computational method allows us to examine the effect of different structural parameters on the transmittance spectrum. Simulation results show that if the graphene nonlinear response in a periodic structure in the presence of a high-intensity THz field is considered, the proposed structure displays two bands of passes and stopping which can improve the design of the filters and controllers of THz waves.
Grammatical evolution + multi-cores = automatic parallel programming!

Multi-core processors are shared memory multiprocessors integrated on a single chip which offer significantly higher processing power than traditional, single core processors. However, as the number of cores available on a single processor increases, efficiently programming them becomes increasingly more complex, often to the point where the limiting factor in speeding up tasks is the software. This thesis presents Grammatical Automatic Parallel Programming (GAPP) which uses Grammatical Evolution to automatically generate natively parallel code on multi-core processors by directly embedding GAPP OpenMP parallelization directives in problem-specific Context Free Grammars. As a result, it obviates the need for programmers to think in a parallel manner while still letting them produce parallel code. We first perform a thorough analysis on the computational complexity of Grammatical Evolution using standard benchmark problems. This analysis results in an interesting experiment which produces a system capable of predicting on-the-fly the likelihood of a particular GE run being successful. A number of difficult proof of concept problems are examined in evaluating GAPP. The performance of the system on these informs the further optimization of both the design of grammars and fitness function to extract further parallelism. We demonstrate a surprising side effect of uncontrolled parallelism, which leads to the under-utilisation of the cores. This is addressed through the automatic generation of programs with controlled degree of parallelism. In this case, the automatically generated programs adapt to the number of cores on which they are scheduled to execute.
Effect of the Mn Additive on Cu-Zn-Al Shape Memory Alloy

This thesis has reviewed the development and the current status in the research field of copper-based shape memory alloys including the Cu-Al-Ni, Cu-Zn-Al, Cu-Al-Mn, Cu-Al-Be, and other copper-based shape memory alloy. From the standpoint of mechanisms (phase transformation, thermodynamics) and properties (shape memory effect, mechanical properties), this thesis summarizes the previous research and contributions to improve the properties of copper-based shape memory alloys. A polycrystalline Cu-Zn-Al shape memory alloy was developed and studied. The grain refinement, eutectic structure, and the precipitates were investigated. The microstructure of the alloy has been observed and analyzed; grains are significantly refined by the addition of manganese. The lamellar structure of the alloy has also been discussed. The shape memory effects were evaluated with bending tests, and the results indicate that for the sample without any addition of Mn, the shape recovery is 7 , and for the alloy with 1 % Mn, 5 . The shape memory effect of the newly developed alloy was not significantly decreased although the grains were dramatically refined. The phase transformation procedure and the solidification process were explored; the heat treatment was discussed, and the oxidation and diffusion of the alloy were scrutinized.
An EFL Readability Index

Abstract: This surdy explores readability and its relationship to the cloze passage performance of EFL students. Fifty reading passages were randomly selected from an American public library and made into 30-item cloze passages by deleting every 12th word. Thc subjects were 2298 EFL students from 18 university level institutions in Japan. Each student was randomly selected to take one of the 30-item cloze passages. Any differences between the cloze passages were therefore assumed to be due to other than sampling difierences. The result was a set of 50 cloze passages the means of which sewed as the dependent variable: EFL Difficulty. Each passage was then analyzed for two sets of independent variables chosen to investigate how well they predict the EFL Difficulty: the first set was made up of various first language readability indices (including the Flesch, Flesch-Kincaid, Fry, Gunning, Fog, and modified Gunning-Fog indices); the second set was made up of quantifiable linguistic characteristics of the passages (e.g., the percent of function words number of syllabuses per sentence, number of words per paragraph, frequencies of words in the passages, and nany others). Correlational, factor and multiple-regression analyses indicated that the first language readability indices were only weakly related to EFL Difficulty (23 to 30 percent). However, the analysis of linguistic characteristics indicated clear groupings among the variables. In addition, four of the linguistic characteristics (number of syllables per sentence, the average frequency of lexical items elsewhere in the passage, percent of words with seven or more letters, and percent of function words) when combined were more highly related to EFL Difficulty (55 percent). These results are discussed in terms of their implications for the development of an EFL readability index.
Thermal, dielectric and catalytic behavior of palladium doped PVC films

Obstract The present paper discusses the aspects of synthesizing palladium (Pd) doped (Pd +2 and Pd 0 ) poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) using simple solution cast technique. The Pd loading to PVC was altered from 2.5% to 10.0% and the material properties were studied using UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM). Thermal behavior of all the samples were studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Broido’s method was employed to analyse the kinetic parameters involved in different degradation steps. All the composite films were sandwitched between disk shape gold electrodes; electrical contacts were established to study the dielectric properties. The influence of Pd loading on the dielectric properties of PVC were examined. Finally, the catalytic properties of Pd 0 composites were studied using standard model reduction reaction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) in the presence of aqueous sodium borohydride and reported.
C6H18N4 BEHAVIOUR ON REINFORCING-STEEL CORROSION IN CONCRETE IMMERSED IN 0.5 M H2SO4

This paper studies C6H18N4 (Triethylenetetramine; TETA) corrosion-resistance behavior on reinforcing-steel in concreteimmersed in 0.5 M H2SO4. Analyses showed that the corrosion inhibition efficiency increases as theconcentration of C6H18N4 admixture increases, whereby the inhibition efficiency also portrayed excellent correlation model (at r = 98.82%, Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) = 97.65%, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) pvalue = 0.0350) with function of the C6H18N4 concentration admixed in the concrete. The optimal resistance to reinforcing-steel corrosion, in the study, was exhibited in the concrete sample having 0.1824 M C6H18N4 admixture, from which inhibition efficiency η = 94.78% was attained. The results support the suitability of C6H18N4 for inhibiting reinforcing-steel corrosion in concrete for the industrial/microbial medium, simulated by the 0.5 M H2SO4.
Phase Transformation of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles via Thermal Annealing: Implications for Hyperthermia Applications

Magnetic hyperthermia has the potential to play an important role in cancer therapy and its efficacy relies on the nanomaterials selected. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are excellent candidates due to the ability of producing enough heat to kill tumor cells by thermal ablation. However, their heating properties depend strongly on crystalline structure and size, which may not be controlled and tuned during the synthetic process; therefore, a postprocessing is needed. We show how thermal annealing can be simultaneously coupled with ligand exchange to stabilize the SPIONs in polar solvents and to modify their crystal structure, which improves hyperthermia behavior. Using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Mossbauer spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, and lock-in thermography, we systematically investigate the impact of size and ligand exchange procedure on crystallinity, their magnetism, and heating ability. We describe a valid and simple appro.
A Review on Electrothermal Modeling of Supercapacitors for Energy Storage Applications

Supercapacitors (SCs) are drawing more and more attention in energy storage applications. This paper aims to discuss the state of the art of application-oriented electrothermal modeling methods for SCs and identify the limitations and future research opportunities. Electrothermal modeling is essential to model-based design, thermal management, and reliability analysis of SCs for energy storage applications. The review provides new perspectives with respect to the existing surveys, which focus mainly on materials, cell voltage balancing, electrical equivalent circuit models, and energy management systems. It covers the main aspects of electrothermal modeling of electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) and hybrid SCs, from heat generation mechanisms to different modeling and parameterization approaches. The outcome of the review is an archive of important research work in the topic area and an outlook on future efforts to be made.
Impact of substrates on the electrical properties of thin chromium films [Online First]

Objective: We studied the impact of substrates on the electrical properties of thin chromium films. Substrates may serve many purposes, such as to define orientation, to conduct electrical current in vertical devices, as a gate in transistors, etc. The thickness range of the chromium films grown on both substrates was (3.5-70) nm. Methods and materials: We used Fuchs-Sondheimer(FS) and Mayadas-Shatzkes(MS) theories to analyze electrical resistivity data for chromium(Cr) films grown on both substrates simultaneously by thermal evaporation in vacuum, under identical deposition conditions. Results and discussion: The infinitely thick film resistivity (ρ0), conduction electron mean free path(l), specularity parameter(p), scattering power of the grain boundary(α') and grain boundary reflection coefficient(R') were found to depend upon the nature of the substrate and the binding force between them and evaporated chromium atoms. The growth and microstructure of the chromium films were examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Conclusions: Our experimental data exactly fits with the MS theory in the entire thickness range grown for the chromium films deposited on both the substrates. Examination of film structure by SEM indicated that the films consist of grains of relatively pure chromium of different sizes, and depends upon deposition conditions and parameters, which are important factors that dictate the structural properties of the films.
A semi-empirical relationship for the small-strain shear modulus of soft clays

The small-strain shear modulus (Gmax) is a soil property that has many practical applications. The authors compiled a database of Gmax measurements for 40 normally consolidated to slightly overconsolidated low to high plasticity clays. Using these data, the authors propose a semi-empirical relationship between Gmax, effective stress (σ'v or σ'c), preconsolidation stress (σ'p) and in-situ void ratio (e0) for four ranges of plasticity index (Ip): Ip < 30%, 30% ≤ Ip < 50%, 50% ≤ Ip < 80% and 80% ≤ Ip < 120%. With results from bender element tests on a Gulf of Mexico clay subjected to multiple load-unload consolidation loops, the authors were able to validate the proposed relationships for 30% ≤ Ip < 50% and 50% ≤ Ip < 80%. The proposed relationship for 30% ≤ Ip < 50% and 50% ≤ Ip < 80% captures changes in laboratory Gmax resulting from variations in effective stress (σ'c), maximum past stress (σ'v,max), and void ratio. The proposed relationships are a simple and efficient tool that can provide independent insight on Gmax if the stress history of a clay is known, or on stress history if Gmax is known.
Tube-based modeling of the dynamics of entangled polymer chains

• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers.
Dry sliding wear behaviour of Ti–6Al–4V pin against SS316L disc in vacuum condition at high temperature

Ti–6Al–4V alloy exhibit a unique combination of mechanical, physical, and chemical properties; that pronounced its desirability for implementation in the fields of aerospace, automobile, and chemical industries. The mechanisms, namely, strain rate response/adiabatic shear band (ASB) – effect of plastic deformation, tribo-chemical reaction and formation of the mechanically mixed layer (MML), can control wear behaviour of the alloy. Hence, the present work investigates the influence of these mechanisms in governing the tribological characteristics of the Ti6Al4V alloy aganist SS316L steel. The experiments were executed on a pin-on-disc tribometer under vacuum (2 × 10−5 Torr), by varying the temperature (25, 100, 200, 300 and 400°C) at constant sliding speed (0.01 ms−1) and load (137.3 N) conditions. Compression test was carried out at distinct strain rate (0.001 and 10 s−1) and temperature (25, 100 and 400°C) values, to investigate the occurrence of ASB. The scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses were used to evaluate the formation of appendage layers (oxides and MML) and the composition of wear debris, respectively. The wear rate of the Ti–6Al–4V alloy decreased with increment in temperature (room condition to 400°C) inside vacuum environ, governed by ASB and the presence of oxide layers.
INFORMATION AND PREDICTION CRITERIA FOR MODEL SELECTION IN STOCHASTIC REGRESSION AND ARMA MODELS

After a brief review of several information-based and prediction-based model selection criteria, we extend Rissanen's accumulated prediction error crite- rion and Wei's Fisher information criterion (FIC) from linear to general stochastic regression models, which include ARMA models and nonlinear ARX models in time series analysis as special cases. Strong consistency of these model selection criteria is established under certain conditions and the FIC is also shown to be an asymp- totic approximation to some Bayes procedure. The special case of ARMA models is then studied in detail, and theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the FIC compares favorably with other procedures in the literature.
A Portable Finite State Machine Module Experiment for In-class Use in a Lecture-based Course

This paper presents an experimental module for teac hing finite state machine concepts. This module, designed for lecture-based courses, has bee n us d in 11 classes, and assessment has included 471 students. Students design the state m chine circuitry as a pre-lab and then build the design on a protoboard in class. The experimental platforms are low weight and powered by 3AA batteries for portability. The challenge of com pleting experiments during one 50 minute class session is discussed in this paper. Web supp ort includes an instructional video, a fundamental concepts tutorial, a virtual experiment , on-line quiz questions and assistance for instructors.
Improved particle swarm optimization and its application in PID parameters optimization

Particle swarm optimization is a new random global optimization algorithm.Through interaction between particles,the algorithm finds the optimal area in complicate searching space.The algorithm feature is simple、ease to implement and powerful function.Meanwhile it has disadvantage so far as its local minimum is concerned and its slow convergence speed.Under this background,the dissertation proposed a new improved algorithm and the improved Particle Swarm Optimization has been used in PID controller to optimize parameters.Combined with power Matlab simulink function,the simulation results verified the effectiveness of Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm and shown that its performance is better than conventional experience method and GA algorithm.
The Effect of Ion Irradiation Induced Defects on Mechanical Properties of Graphene/Copper Layered Nanocomposites

One of the miraculous functions of graphene is to use its defects to alter the material properties of graphene composites and, thereby, expand the application of graphene in other fields. In this paper, various defects have been created in graphene by using ion irradiation. Defective graphene is sandwiched between two copper layers. A numerical model of Graphene/Copper layered composites after irradiation damage was established by the molecular dynamics method. The effects of ion irradiation and temperature coupling on defective graphene/copper composites were studied. The results show that there are a lot of empty defects in graphene after irradiation injury, which will produce more incomplete bonding. Although the bonds between carbon atoms can be weakened, defective graphene still enhances the mechanical properties of pure copper. At the same time, the location and arrangement of defects have a great influence on the mechanical stability of graphene/copper composites, and the arrangement of empty defects has different effects on deformation behavior and the stress transfer mechanism. It can be concluded that the defects formed by radiation have an effect on the physical properties of two-dimensional materials. Therefore, irradiation technology can be used to artificially control the formation of defects, and then make appropriate adjustments to their properties. This can not only optimize the radiation resistance and mechanical properties of nuclear materials, but also expand the application of graphene in electronic devices and other fields.
Effects of Temperature and Time of Carbonization on the Properties of Bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) Carbon

Lignocellulosic materials such as wood and bamboo have special characteristics when carbonized at high temperature. For example the electrical conductivity of wood and bamboo increases when carbonized at temperature of 800°C or higher. This property can be used for developing smart materials such as fiber reinforced concrete which has function as sensors for load, damage or temperature. In this experiment, betung bamboo ( Dendrocalamus asper ) was carbonized at different temperatures and times of carbonization. The purpose of this experiment was to observe the effect of temperature and time of carbonization on the properties of bamboo carbon. Bamboo in the form of particles were carbonized at temperature of 400°C for 300 min and continued at temperatures of 700, 800, or 900°C for 45, 60, or 90 min. Carbon properties such as yield, fixed carbon, volatile matters, and ash content were determined. Structure properties were studied by X Ray Diffraction (XRD), morphological properties were observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and electrical conductivity was measured using LCR meter. Result shows that increasing temperature and time of carbonization have significant effects on the structure and other properties of bamboo carbon. Carbonization at temperature of 800°C for 60 min was considered as an optimum condition.
Influence of Process Parameters on the Morphologies of Micro-Injection Molded Polyformaldehyde Parts

Abstract The morphologies of micro-injection molded parts are influenced by the process parameters. In this paper, the influence of injection speed, mold temperature and melt temperature on the morphologies of micro-injection molded polyformaldehyde (POM) parts with different thicknesses were investigated by a single factor experimental method; the morphological structure of the parts was characterized by polarized light microscopy. The scale effect on the crystallization behavior and internal morphology of micro-injection POM parts was analyzed. The results indicated that the scale effect had a great influence on the hierarchical morphology in the thickness direction of the parts. The micro-parts with a thickness of 1.0 mm showed a skin-core structure including the skin layer, fine grain layer, oblate spherulite, and spherulite core layer, and the micro-parts with a thickness of 0.2 mm showed a skin-core structure with the skin layer, fine grain layer, and the spherulite core layer, and a larger thickness ratio of the spherulite core layer. As injection speed, mold temperature and melt temperature increase, the fine grain layer gradually disappears and the size of core spherulite tends to become larger, the thicknesses of the skin layer of all the micro-parts decrease and that of the 0.2 mm micro-parts decreases significantly.