Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tratamiento de agua residual municipal con bio-reactores UASB de membrana: efectividad y taponamiento

En una instalacion a escala laboratorio se evaluo el efecto del tiempo de retencion celular (TRC) sobre la remocion de contaminantes en dos bioreactores UASB acoplados a membranas mediante. Se determinaron parametros fisicoquimicos, hidraulicos y biologicos. Se encontro que el efluente, cumple con la normatividad mexicana para la reutilizacion de agua. El fenomeno de taponamiento fue estudiado en ambos modulos de ultrafiltracion encontrandose que el mecanismo de dos etapas tipico en experimentos de filtracion se repetia de manera periodica, es decir, eventos sucesivos en los que el flux presentaba inicialmente un decremento exponencial seguido de una etapa en la cual se mantenia relativamente constante durante la operacion a largo plazo del sistema en estudio. De acuerdo a la teoria, cada etapa estacionaria es referida al desarrollo de una biopelicula por lo que la discusion se encuentra dirigida a la sobreposicion de biopeliculas. Se realizo asimismo una autopsia de las membranas taponadas que incluye determinaciones de la ultraestructura del biomaterial mediante microscopia electronica, microanalisis de las superficies por espectroscopia por dispersion de energia (EDS) ademas de calculos de poblaciones microbianas a traves del aislamiento de ADN asociado a las biopeliculas. Los datos obtenidos sugieren que el biomaterial esta compuesto por capas superpuestas de biopeliculas semipermeables en las que se encuentran mezclados compuestos organicos e inorganicos dentro de la matriz que las constituyen. La organizacion tridimensional, la presencia de elementos inorganicos cuya solubilidad es pobre (Ca, Mg), la existencia de microorganismos en el interior de la biopelicula y por lo tanto la presencia de sus metabolitos que funcionan como sillares estructurales ademas de las condiciones microambientales predominantes dentro de la membrana tubular permitieron fundamentar la propuesta de que el mecanismo de formacion de cada biopelicula podria estar relacionado con la teoria de mineralizacion biologicamente inducida enfocandose la discusion final de este trabajo en las caracteristicas mecanicas y de cohesion del biomaterial generado en cada membrana.
The bacteriophage kh receptor of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris KH is the rhamnose of the extracellular wall polysaccharide

A receptor for bacteriophages of lactic acid bacteria, including Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris KH, was found on the cell wall and not on the cell membrane, as determined by a phage-binding assay of sodium dodecyl sulfate- and mutanolysin-treated cell walls. The cell wall carbohydrates of L. lactis subsp. cremoris KH were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry and found to contain rhamnose, galactose, glucose and N-acetylglucosamine. Similar analysis of mutants that were reduced in the ability to bind phages kh, 643, c2, ml3, and 1 indicated that galactose was essential for binding all phages. In addition, rhamnose was required for binding phages kh and ml3. Inhibition studies of phage binding by using two different lectins with a specificity for galactose indicated that phage kh may not bind directly to galactose. Rather, galactose may be an essential structural component located in the vicinity of the receptor. Incubation of any of the five phages with rhamnose or of phage kh with purified cell walls inactivated the phages. Inactivation required divalent cations and was irreversible. Inactivation of phages was stereospecific for rhamnose, as neither L-(+)- nor D-(-)-fucose (the stereoisomers of rhamnose) inhibited the phage. Furthermore, phage infection of a culture was completely inhibited by the addition of rhamnose to the medium. Therefore, the receptor for phage kh appears to be a rhamnose component of the extracellular wall polysaccharide.
Cosmic-ray Induced Destruction of CO in Star-forming Galaxies

We explore the effects of the expected higher cosmic ray (CR) ionization rates on the abundances of carbon monoxide (CO), atomic carbon (C), and ionized carbon (C+) in the H2 clouds of star-forming galaxies. The study of Bisbas et al. is expanded by (a) using realistic inhomogeneous giant molecular cloud (GMC) structures, (b) a detailed chemical analysis behind the CR-induced destruction of CO, and (c) exploring the thermal state of CR-irradiated molecular gas. CRs permeating the interstellar medium with are found to significantly reduce the [CO]/[H2] abundance ratios throughout the mass of a GMC. CO rotational line imaging will then show much clumpier structures than the actual ones. For (Galactic) this bias becomes severe, limiting the usefulness of CO lines for recovering structural and dynamical characteristics of H2-rich galaxies throughout the universe, including many of the so-called main-sequence galaxies where the bulk of cosmic star formation occurs. Both C+ and C abundances increase with rising , with C remaining the most abundant of the two throughout H2 clouds, when (Galactic). C+ starts to dominate for (Galactic). The thermal state of the gas in the inner and denser regions of GMCs is invariant with for (Galactic). For (Galactic) this is no longer the case and are reached. Finally, we identify OH as the key species whose Tgas-sensitive abundance could mitigate the destruction of CO at high temperatures.
Détection de contour par la méthode de filtrage paramétrique

Resume: La detection de contours n’est pas un objectif en soi, elle est la premiere etape dans un systeme de vision, pour cela des varietes de detecteurs de contours ont ete proposees, ils different dans leurs proprietes mathematiques et algorithmiques, et le type de contours qu’ils sont capables d’extraire. On propose une nouvelle methode de detection de contours, qui s »appelle filtrage parametrique, elle ouvre de nouvelles tres prometteuses dans l’analyse de contour et la segmentation, incluant en particulier, le signal d’autocorrelation de premier ordre ) (η
Epidemiological Investigation for the Incidence of Plasmodium falciparum Malaria from Tribal Areas in Koraput District of Odisha State, India

Malaria is a major public health problem in India and its dynamics vary from place to place. In India malaria is complex because of vast tracts of forest with tribal settlement. Koraput, it is mainly tribe-inhabited and one of the highly endemic districts of Odisha State that contributes a considerable number of malaria cases in India. During 2009 in Kunduli CHC %Pf, SPR and API were 100%, 25.7 and 38.6 respectively. The % Pf, SPR and API of Dudhari Sbub Centre in year 2010 were 100%, 14.86 and 35.31 respectively. From 2007 onwards there was steady increase in number of P. falciparum cases and during 2008, the the prevalences of infection caused by the P. falciparum were high. In 2010 and SPR and API rose to 19.7% and 36.7%, respectively. The results of the current study indicated a rising trend in transmission of malaria in Koraput district compared to the situation in previous report and it is opposing approach for the control of the disease by improving treatment measures with adequate knowledge in the tribe area.
Plural Quantification Exposed

English contains two sorts of object quantifiers. In addition to ordinary singular quantifiers, as in the sentence 'There is a Cheerio in the bowl', there are plural quantifiers, as in 'There are some Cheerios in the bowl'. In the 1980s, George Boolos showed how these plural quantifiers can be used to interpret monadic second-order logic (henceforth MSOL). ' This is an indisputable technical result. However, as with most technical results, it is not obvious what its philosophical cash value is. According to Boolos, its cash value is that MSOL really is logic. In particular, the result is said to show that MSOL introduces no new ontological commitments: that no sets or classes or Fregean concepts are needed as values of the second-order variables, but that the entities already in the first-order domain suffice. Despite some isolated voices of dissent,2 this philosophical interpretation of Boolos' technical result has become enormously popular. MSOL is now widely regarded as an important part of the philosopher's logical tool kit, of great value not only in the philosophy of mathematics but also in analytic metaphysics more generally. Most of all, Boolos' interpretation of MSOL has been hailed as a way of making great ontological bargains. According to its supporters, it allows us to pay the ontological price of a mere first-order theory and get the corresponding monadic second-order theory for free.3 In this paper I will challenge this wide-spread view of the philosophical cash value of Boolos' technical result. I will reject Boolos' claim that this result shows MSOL to be pure logic. And I will express serious misgivings about his claim that MSOL in this way is shown to be ontologically innocent. To assess what is achieved by Boolos' result, we need to get clear on the logical status of the theory of plural quantification. Only if this theory deserves the honorific "logic" will Boolos be justified in claiming that his
Some Milestones in Econometric Computing Introduction

The short articles in this section are, for the most part, memoir descriptions of econometric computing in its various phases during the early days from about 1953 to the period of sustained expansion during the 1970s. The year 2003 essentially marks the 50th anniversary of the first development of econometric software, including the publication, that year, by Brown, Houthakker, and Prais of a still informative article on electronic computation in economic statistics in the Journal of the American Statistical Association, as well as early computational work towards the development of the first regression package by Lucy Slater, working with M.J. Farrell, all at the Department of Applied Economics at the University of Cambridge, and the use of the computer by Klein, Goldberger, and colleagues at the University of Michigan to calculate moments in preparation for parameter estimation. However, whereas this collective milestone marks the first step, in actuality it took another 10 years before the use of the computer began to become at all general. Throughout the 1950s, and even into the 1960s, the standard computing device remained for economists the electromechanical desk calculator. The 1960s were the period of transition, the point in time that the computer became a common applied research tool, and economists moved beyond applying it to calculations that were in principle possible using hand methods to those that fundamentally either required a computer or else a literal lifetime to perform a single (albeit complex) task. The first milestone article is by Arthur Goldberger, who describes aspects of the pre-computer era and recalls some of the trials and tribulations associated with the desk calculator. These devices could occasionally be seen on desks in economic departments as late as the 1970s, but not much later. Consequently, anyone much younger than 50 is unlikely to have seen such a device in operation, with the possible exception of someone who has visited a museum. However, a point of interest of the Goldberger memoir is not just the glimpse of a bygone era it affords, but also a sense of the continuity of applied economic research. The calculations still performed today, in their operative characteristics, are the same as those performed then. The differences are the speed with which they are performed (not to mention the associated human ease of the modern laptop computer) and certain algorithmic differences that reflect the need to deal with roundoff and other numeric errors in a somewhat different way in each context. Of course, because of the speed with which
Precision of a new bedside method for estimation of the circulating blood volume

The present study is a theoretical and experimental evaluation of a modification of the carbon monoxide method for estimation of the circulating blood volume (CBV) with respect to the precision of the method. The CBV was determined from measurements of the CO‐saturation of hemoglobin before and after ventilation with a gas mixture containing 20–50 ml of CO for a period of 10–15 min. A special Water's to and fro system was designed in order to avoid any leakage when measuring during intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV). Blood samples were taken before and immediately after ventilation with the CO gas mixture. The amount of CO administered during each determination of CBV resulted in an increase in the CO saturation of hemoglobin of 2.1%‐3.9%. A theoretical noise propagation analysis was performed by means of the Monte Carlo method. The analysis showed that a CO dose corresponding to an increase of less than 2% will result in an unacceptable coefficient of variation of repeated estimates. In the experimental study the coefficient of variation of repeated estimates of CBV was determined from duplicate measurements of CBV in nine healthy subjects and in nine intensive care patients. The coefficients of variation were 6.2% and 4.7% in healthy and diseased subjects, respectively. Furthermore, the day‐to‐day variation of the method with respect to the total amount of circulating hemoglobin (nHb) and CBV was determined from duplicate estimates separated by 24–48 h. In conclusion, determination of CBV can be performed with an amount of CO that gives rise to a harmless increase in the carboxyhemoglobin concentration. The precision of the method is sufficient for clinical purposes.
Acute pancreatitis secondary to hypertriglyceridemia: A report of two cases

Acute pancreatitis is a reversible inflammatory process. Hyper triglyceridemia as a cause of acute pancreatitis reaches frequen cies of 1.3-11% according to the literature when triglyceride levels reach values over 1,000 mg/dl; nevertheless hypertriglyceridemia is observed in 12-39% of acute pancreatitis cases as an associated factor. The objective of medical treatment is to increase lipopro tein-lipase activity, and to increase chylomicron breakdown thus diminishing serum triglycerides to levels smaller than 500 or even 200 mg/dl (when possible) using a variety of strategies including insulin administration. In the present article, we report two cases of severe pancreatitis induced by hypertriglyceridemia that were managed with in sulin infusion; both responded adequately, as measured by a sig nificant reduction of triglyceride levels at 48 hours post-treatment.
Adaptive synchronization of complex dynamical networks with non-delayed and delayed coupling

The paper investigates the global synchronization of nonlinearly coupled complex dynamical networks with non-delayed and delayed coupling. The delays are assumed to vary and be continuously differentiable. Adaptive controllers have been designed for nodes of the controlled networks based on Lyapunov stability theory. Analytical results show that the states of dynamical networks can globally asymptotically synchronize to a desired orbit under the designed controllers. What is more, the node dynamic need not satisfy the very strong and conservative uniformly Lipschita condition and the coupling matrix is not assumed to be symmetric or irreducible. A numerical example of undirected delayed dynamical networks is given, respectively, using the Lorenz system as the nodes of the networks, which demonstrates the effectiveness of proposed results.
Co-culture induces mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and modulation of the degenerate human nucleus pulposus cell phenotype.

AIMS While mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapies for repair of the degenerate intervertebral disc (IVD) have been proposed, the interaction of MSCs with cells of the degenerate IVD has not been fully investigated. Therefore, it is unclear whether implanted MSCs would differentiate into nucleus pulposus (NP) cells and/or stimulate endogenous NP cells. Here, we investigate the differences in interaction between human MSCs and NP cells from both nondegenerate and degenerate discs during in vitro co-culture with direct cell-cell contact. MATERIALS & METHODS Human bone marrow-derived MSCs (labeled with CFDA) were co-cultured with direct cell-cell contact in monolayer with NP cells obtained from nondegenerate or degenerate human NP tissue from lumbar IVDs at 50:50 ratios for 7 days. Differentiation of MSCs and changes of matrix-associated genes in NP cells were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS MSCs differentiated to an NP-like phenotype following direct co-culture with both nondegenerate and degenerate NP, as shown by a significant upregulation of SOX9, type VI collagen, aggrecan and versican gene expression together with a simultaneous upregulation of CDMP-1, TGF-β1, IGF-1 and CTGF. Direct co-culture of normal NP cells with MSCs had no effect on the phenotype of normal NP cells, while co-culture with degenerate NP cells resulted in enhanced matrix gene expression in degenerate NP cells, accompanied by increases in both TGF-β and CDMP-1 gene expression. CONCLUSION Importantly for MSC-based therapies for repair of the degenerate IVD, these data suggest that cellular interactions between MSCs and degenerate NP cells may both stimulate MSC differentiation to an NP-like phenotype and also stimulate the endogenous NP cell population to regain a nondegenerate phenotype and consequently enhance matrix synthesis for self-repair.
Ultra thinning 300-mm wafer down to 7-µm for 3D wafer Integration on 45-nm node CMOS using strained silicon and Cu/Low-k interconnects

High performance 45-nm Node and its 3D integration employed aggressively thinned down to 7- µm of 300-mm wafer for the Wafer-on-a-Wafer (WOW) application has been succeeded for the first time. The impact of ultra thin wafer on strained transistors and Cu/low-k multilevel interconnects is described. Properties examined include Kelvin and stack chain resistances of Cu interconnects as well as Ion-Ioff, threshold voltage shift, and junction leakage of transistors. It was found that the electrical properties were not affected by bonding, thinning and debonding process indicating good feasibility of 3D stacking integration to the strain and low-k technology.
Security and Energy-efficiency on wireless sensor networks

In this paper we are investigating selforganizing, collaborative, energy-efficient sensor networks. This study is devoted to the security aspects of the project. Our contribution is threefold: firstly, we present a survey, where we discuss the dominant issues of energy-security trade-off in the network protocol and key management design space. Secondly, we propose an assessment framework based on system profile, with which we have managed to carve out manageable design spaces from the seemingly infinite possibilities of ad hoc mobile wireless networks. Finally, we have benchmarked some well-known cryptographic algorithms in search for the best compromise in security and energy-efficiency, on a typical sensor node. Our preliminary investigations also cover an important parameter in the design space: the resource requirements of the symmetric key algorithms RC5 and TEA, AODV, DSR.
K-moyennes contraintes par un classifieur. Application à la personnalisation de scores de campagnes

Résumé. Lorsqu’on désire contacter un client pour lui proposer un produit on calcule au préalable la probabilité qu’il achètera ce produit. Cette probabilité est calculée à l’aide d’un modèle prédictif pour un ensemble de clients. Le service marketing contacte ensuite ceux ayant la plus forte probabilité d’acheter le produit. En parallèle, et avant le contact commercial, il peut être intéressant de réaliser une typologie des clients qui seront contactés. L’idée étant de proposer des campagnes différenciées par groupe de clients. Cet article montre comment il est possible de contraindre la typologie, réalisée à l’aide des k-moyennes, à respecter la proximité des clients vis-à-vis de leur score d’appétence.
Removing infant rhesus from mother for 13 days compared with removing mother from infant.

SUMMARY In a previous experiment, 6 rhesus monkey mothers were removed from their infants for 13 days, the infants being left in their familiar environment. Here the procedure was reversed–5 infants were removed to an isolation cage in a strange room, the mothers staying in their familiar environment. Contrary to expectation these infant-removed infants were less disturbed than the mother-removed infants. This difference was associated with, and was probably due to, a more positive role by the mothers of the infant-removed group in mother-infant interaction after reunion. It is suggested that the effects of a separation experience may be mediated in part by the disturbance to the mother-infant relationship which results.
Design of low voltage OTA for bio-medical application

This paper deals with the design of a low power signal conditioning circuit for use in biomedical applications. The signal conditioning circuit constitutes an opamp serving as a preamplifier and a low-pass filter for rejecting higher frequency components which are uncharacteristic of bio-medical applications. The Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) design is done using UMC 180nm CMOS technology on the cadence virtuoso platform. The design is presented in terms of schematics and transistor dimensions. All relevant simulations is performed using spectre simulator at 1V power supply. The OT A's performance satisfies the required parameter for its implementation in biomedical portable devices. Corner analysis for gain and phase response have been performed at FF and SS corners for temperatures 100°C and 0°C respectively.
Improved Divide/Sort/Merge Sorting Networks

This paper develops sorting networks using the divide/sort/merge strategy. These networks require \[ (0.25)N( \log _2 N )^2 - (0.386)N( \log _2 N ) + O(N) \] comparison-interchanges to sort a list of length N. This is an improvement of order $N(\log _2 N)$ over the best networks previously reported. (Using different methods, Van Voorhis [8] has improved upon these results.)
On the “keyhole” technique

Recently, the “keyhole” technique was introduced for dynamic magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (1-2). This technique has aroused substantial interest because it appears to be advantageous for certain applications. The exact properties of this technique have not, however, been fully addressed. To understand the technique and its applicability under various circumstances, it is necessary to analyze it thoroughly. We provide such an analysis in this letter. The analysis is based on the fact that in a dynamic imaging study, whether a cine or contrast agent uptake study, the images are obtained to monitor temporal changes in image intensity in the subject. Therefore, this analysis examines how the changes are captured with the keyhole technique. On the basis of the simple properties of the Fourier transform, one is able to describe keyhole imaging exactly and thereby understand the properties of the technique. In a keyhole experiment, the data acquired consist of the full-matrix reference data and the low k-space dynamic data. Let R and S, represent the reference data and the dynamic data at frame n, respectively. The keyhole technique combines the high k-space portion of R with the measured portion of S, to form the combined data SnC and inversely Fourier transforms SnC to obtain an approximation of the nth-frame image I,. This data combination procedure can be viewed from a different perspective. The combined data can be regarded as the summation of the full-matrix reference data and the difference between the low k-space portion of R and S,, where S’, represents the measured dynamic data. Specifically, we have Magnetic Resonance Research