Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hypoperfusion without Ischemia Surrounding Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage

A zone of hypoperfusion surrounding acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has been interpreted as regional ischemia. To determine if ischemia is present in the periclot area, the authors measured cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2), and oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) with positron emission tomography (PET) in 19 patients 5 to 22 hours after hemorrhage onset. Periclot CBF, CMRO2, and OEF were determined in a 1-cm-wide area around the clot. In the 16 patients without midline shift, periclot data were compared with mirror contralateral regions. All PET images were masked to exclude noncerebral structures, and all PET measurements were corrected for partial volume effect due to clot and ventricles. Both periclot CBF and CMRO2 were significantly reduced compared with contralateral values (CBF: 20.9 ± 7.6 vs. 37.0 ± 13.9 mL 100 g−1 min−1, P = 0.0004; CMRO2: 1.4 ± 0.5 vs. 2.9 ± 0.9 mL 100 g−1 min−1, P = 0.00001). Periclot OEF was less than both hemispheric OEF (0.42 ± 0.15 vs. 0.47 ± 0.13, P = 0.05; n = 19) and contralateral regional OEF (0.44 ± 0.16 vs. 0.51 ± 0.13, P = 0.05; n = 16). In conclusion, CMRO2 was reduced to a greater degree than CBF in the periclot region in acute ICH, resulting in reduced OEF rather than the increased OEF that occurs in ischemia. Thus, the authors found no evidence for ischemia in the periclot zone of hypoperfusion in acute ICH patients studied 5 to 22 hours after hemorrhage onset.
Neurological and neuroradiological findings in long‐term survivors of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

The aim of this study was to assess neurological, neuropsychological, and neuroradiological findings in long‐term survivors of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) who were recruited from a hematological outpatient clinic. In addition, risk factors for the development of late neurological complications were identified. In contrast to previous studies on autopsied patients, our study design provoked a bias away from increased neurological sequelae, because patients with early complications after BMT were excluded. Fifty‐nine allogeneic patients and 7 autologous BMT patients underwent clinical examination, short neuropsychological testing, and cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 34 ± 26 months after BMT. The pathological results of the neurological examination (abnormal 64%) and the MRI examination (white matter lesions, 54%; atrophy, 11%) were associated with the occurrence of chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD) evolving from acute GvHD, with corticosteroid therapy and with cyclosporine medication. Neuropsychological impairment (cognitive deficits, 37%) was associated with long‐term cyclosporine medication and age. No influence of pre‐BMT disease, BMT donor status, or the conditioning regimen was found. These results suggest that the frequent neurological abnormalities in long‐term survivors of allogeneic BMT are associated with chronic GvHD and with the resulting immunosuppression as major risk factors.
Large-Area MEMS Tunable Fabry–Perot Filters for Multi/Hyperspectral Infrared Imaging

This paper reports on a MEMS tunable Fabry–Perot filter technology capable of achieving nanometer-scale optical flatness across a large mirror area of up to square centimeters without any extraneous stress management techniques. The device employs a single-layer tensile silicon or germanium membrane for the suspended top mirror. Optical characterization of the fabricated single-membrane-based tunable filters for the SWIR, MWIR, and LWIR is presented. The fabricated 1000-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>m dimension Si-membrane-based SWIR and MWIR filters are demonstrated with a wavelength tuning range of 1.77–2.42 and 4.1–4.9 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>m, respectively, while the fabricated 200-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>m-dimension Ge-membrane-based LWIR filter is demonstrated with a wavelength tuning range of 8.5–11.46 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$</tex-math></inline-formula>m. All these filters are shown to achieve transmission characteristics that exceed the optical requirements for multispectral imaging applications. A large-area 1-cm dimension Si membrane-based SWIR tunable Fabry–Perot filter for multispectral imaging is demonstrated as a proof-of-concept, showing an excellent surface flatness in the order of 25 nm and an excellent optical uniformity with transmission peak wavelength variability less than 3% across the entire 1-cm dimension optical imaging area. In addition, the optical transmission behavior of the Fabry–Perot filters based on three-layer Si or Ge-based air-spaced DBRs for SWIR, MWIR, and LWIR is modeled, demonstrating that these filters can achieve a fine spectral resolution of several tens of nanometers suitable for hyperspectral imaging applications.
Upper bounds on the error probability of coded space - time block coded systems with diversity reception

New union bounds are derived for space-time block coded systems over Rayleigh fading channels. Both maximal ratio combining and generalised selection combining are considered as combining schemes at the receiver. The union bounds are easy to be evaluated using the transfer function of the code. Furthermore, the bounds are general to any coding scheme with a known weight distribution. Results show that the proposed union bounds are tight to simulation results for wide ranges of diversity orders and signal-to-noise ratio values.
Psychometric Properties of the Death Anxiety Scale-Extended among Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease

This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Persian version of Death Anxiety Scale-Extended (DAS-E). A total of 507 patients with end-stage renal disease completed the DAS-E. The factor structure of the scale was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis with an oblique rotation and confirmatory factor analysis. The content and construct validity of the DAS-E were assessed. Average variance extracted, maximum shared squared variance, and average shared squared variance were estimated to assess discriminant and convergent validity. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (α = .839 and .831), composite reliability (CR = .845 and .832), Theta (θ = .893 and .867), and McDonald Omega (Ω = .796 and .743). The analysis indicated a two-factor solution. Reliability and discriminant validity of the factors was established. Findings revealed that the present scale was a valid and reliable instrument that can be used in assessment of death anxiety in Iranian patients with end-stage renal disease.
Differential effects of mu-, delta- and kappa-opioid receptor agonists on the discriminative stimulus properties of cocaine in rats.

The effects of selective mu-, delta- and kappa-opioid receptor agonists on the discriminative stimulus properties of cocaine were examined in rats trained to discriminate between cocaine (10 mg/kg) and saline. Cocaine produced a dose-related increase in cocaine-appropriate responses in all of the rats. In generalization tests, neither morphine (mu-opioid receptor agonist) nor N-methyl-N-7-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-oxaspiro[4,5]dec-8-11-4-benzofu ranacetamide (U50,488H: kappa-opioid receptor agonist) generalized to the discriminative stimulus properties of cocaine. On the other hand, the newly synthesized non-peptide selective delta-opioid receptor agonist 2-methyl-4a alpha-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4,4a,5,12,12a alpha-octahydro-quinolino(2,3,3,-g)isoquinoline (TAN-67) partially generalized (56.7% cocaine-appropriate responses) to the discriminative stimulus properties of cocaine. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of [D-Ala2]deltorphin II (peptide delta 2-opioid receptor agonist) completely generalized, while neither [D-Ala2,MePhe4,Gly-ol5]enkephalin (DAMGO: mu-opioid receptor agonist) nor [D-Pen2,D-Pen5]enkephalin (DPDPE; delta 1-opioid receptor agonist) generalized to the discriminative stimulus properties of cocaine. These results suggest that the discriminative stimulus properties of cocaine may be partially mediated by delta-opioid (especially delta 2-opioid) receptors. In combination tests, pretreatment with morphine (3.0 mg/kg) and TAN-67 (3.0 and 10 mg/kg) significantly potentiated the discriminative stimulus properties cocaine. In contrast, pretreatment with U50,488H (2.0 and 4.0 mg/kg) scarcely shifted the discriminative stimulus properties of cocaine. Furthermore, the potentiating effect of 3.0 mg/kg morphine on the discriminative stimulus properties of cocaine was attenuated by 2.0 mg/kg U50,488H. In contrast, the potentiating effect of 10 mg/kg TAN-67 on the discriminative stimulus properties of cocaine was not reversed by either 2.0 or 4.0 mg/kg U50,488H. These results suggest that mu-, delta- and kappa-opioid receptor agonists modulate the discriminative stimulus properties of cocaine through different mechanisms, perhaps through different effects on the dopaminergic system.
Zinc Fortification of Cereal Flours: Current Recommendations and Research Needs

Background Zinc fortification is recommended as an appropriate strategy to enhance population zinc status, but guidelines are needed on the appropriate types and levels of zinc fortification of cereal flours for mass fortification programs. Objective To review available information on the scientific rationale, efficacy, and effectiveness of zinc fortification programs, and to develop guidelines on appropriate levels of fortification of cereal flours, based on simulations of the amount of zinc absorbed under different dietary conditions and information on possible adverse effects. Methods Systematic review of scientific literature and application of an existing prediction equation to estimate zinc absorption. Results Previously completed research demonstrates that zinc intake and absorption are increased when zinc-fortified foods are consumed, but little information is, as yet, available on the biologic impact of large-scale fortification programs. Studies suggest that there are no disadvantages of the recommended ranges of zinc fortification with regard to the sensory properties of zinc-fortified foods, and most research indicates that there are no adverse effects of zinc fortification on the utilization of other minerals. Conclusions Zinc fortification of cereal flour is a safe and appropriate strategy for enhancing the zinc status of population subgroups who consume adequate amounts of fortified cereal flour, although additional information is needed to confirm the efficacy and effectiveness of large-scale zinc fortification programs to control zinc deficiency. The appropriate level of fortification depends on the population subgroup, their usual amount of flour intake, the degree of milling and fermentation that is practiced, and the usual intakes of zinc and phytate from other food sources. Fortification recommendations are presented for different dietary scenarios.
On the usefulness of levothyroxine suppressive therapy in the medical treatment of benign solitary, solid or predominantly solid, thyroid nodules.

The efficacy of levothyroxine suppressive therapy in the treatment of benign solitary thyroid nodules is controversial. In order to investigate this issue further we studied 122 patients with a solitary, solid or predominantly solid, thyroid nodule. The benign (colloid) nature of all nodules was proved by fine-needle aspiration biopsy. At the pertechnetate-99m thyroid scanning 91% of the nodules were "cold" and 9% "warm". All the patients received suppressive oral doses of levothyroxine (0.1 to 0.2 mg/day). Fifty-three patients were treated with levothyroxine for 6 months, 31 for 9 months and 38 for 12 months. The size of each nodule before and after treatment was evaluated by high-resolution ultrasonography. The actual suppression of TSH secretion was monitored at 3-month intervals using an ultrasensitive immunometric assay. At the end of levothyroxine treatment, patients were classified as responders (decrease in nodule volume greater than or equal to 50%, 68/122 = 55.7%; mean percent change in nodule volume = -77.1 +/- 15.7%), partially responders (decrease in nodule volume less than 50%, 24/122 = 19.7%; mean percent change in nodule volume = -27.5 +/- 10.1%), and nonresponders, when either no change in nodule volume (16/122 = 13.1%) or an increase in nodule volume (14/122 = 11.5%) was observed. In each group serum free T4 rose significantly in response to levothyroxine therapy, whereas serum free T3 remained unchanged. TSH levels were undetectable in all patients. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Design for Improvement of Drop Impact Performance of IC Packages

Solder joint reliability of IC packages under drop impact becomes a great concern for portable telecommunication devices such as mobile phones and PDAs. It is known that drop impact reliability of lead-free BGA solder joints is a critical challenge. With the development of advanced packaging applications such as system-in-package (SiP), package on package (PoP), embedded die, stacked die BGA, etc, package design is more dependent on modeling as the package structure and failure mechanism are too complicated to be studied. Actual drop test and sample preparation are very expensive and time-consuming, requiring much manpower in measurement and failure analysis, and therefore, there are limited drop test results reported to advise on the package design enhancement, especially for lead-free packages. To avoid long cycle time for package development and expensive reliability testing, design for reliability is necessary in package early design stage. In this paper, various design parameters are studied to understand the effects of solder material, molding compound, substrate, solder mask opening, ball layout, enhancement ball, etc based on a good drop impact model developed in our previous work. A thorough understanding of design variables on impact life of IC packages is obtained. Some factors have significant effects on drop impact life. It is very useful for designer to design a reliable package with such design considerations and guidelines. One point to be noted is that the relative performance of package may be different under board level drop test and thermal cycling test. Therefore, different design guidelines should be considered, depending on application and area of concern.
High performance mining of social media data

News and disaster-related applications may benefit from real-time processing of large-volume, up-to-the-minute social media data. Our geo-mining algorithm finds local place references (of street, building, toponym and place abbreviation) in Twitter messages so that those messages can be put on a map. The ability to map is significant because it can present a timely overview of a situation. Our current research demonstrates that our prototype desktop algorithm that geo-locates Twitter messages with an F statistic of . 90 accuracy for location identification will be viable on a large scale and in real time, for actual applications. We present methods of managing external resources, threading the algorithm and balancing the data load, that allow us to scale up the application without significantly re-writing the code.
Integration of Energy Harvester for Self-Powered Wireless Sensor Network Nodes

This paper reports an energy harvester suitable for self-powered wireless sensor network (WSN) nodes consisting of a piezoelectric cantilever, an energy harvesting circuit, and a storage capacitor. Having the same size as a credit card, the proposed WSN nodes can be easily integrated into various applications, such as motor and air conditioning equipment. The WSN node is powered by an integrated bimorph piezoelectric generator that harvests energy from ambient vibration. The paper has developed a method to optimize the harvester parameters to attune it to the dominant vibration frequency. Tests carried out on the proposed harvester show that the proposed design can meet the energy requirements of a WSN node and achieve an efficiency of 79%.
An Innovative Solution for Managing Waterworks Sludge: Developing an Alum Sludge-Based Multistage Constructed Wetland System for Wastewater Treatment

Waterworks sludge continues to be an inescapable by-product of the potable water treatment process. Accordingly, final disposal of the sludge remains one of the most significant pressing problems for the potable water treatment industry. The possibility of reusing the sludge as a main substrate in a novel constructed wetland system was investigated in this study. Results show that significant phosphorus (P) and other pollutants removal were achieved in the system. With a mean influent 5-day biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand levels of 392.7 and 579.8 mg/L, respectively, a removal efficiency of 90.6 % and 71.8 %, respectively, was obtained. P removal was however exceptionally high despite the high influent mean P level of 45.3 mg P/L, which is about two to three times the level of P commonly found in sewage. This is attributable to the P adsorption capacity of the alum sludge and this highlights the benefits of its reuse in the system. The paper presents and discusses the findings from a laboratory scale research, which has potential for further large scale implementation.
Mental Anomaly and the New Mind-Brain Reductionism

Davidson's principle of the anomalousness of the mental was instrumental in discrediting once-popular versions of mind-brain reductionism. In this essay I argue that a novel account of intertheoretic reduction, which does not require the sort of cross-theoretic bridge laws that Davidson's principle rules out, allows a version of mind-brain reductionism which is immune from Davidson's challenge. In the final section, I address a second worry about reductionism, also based on Davidson's principle, that survives this response. I argue that new reductionists should revise some significant details of the program, particularly the conception of theories, to circumvent this more potent Davidson-inspired worry.
Evolução e modelagem molecular do fator neurotrófico derivado do cérebro (BDNF) em mamíferos

O fator neurotrofico conhecido como BDNF tem atraido consideravel atencao na literatura cientifica, pelo seu envolvimento em processos cruciais de desenvolvimento e regulacao do sistema nervoso. Entretanto, muitos aspectos desta molecula sao ainda desconhecidos, enquanto outros foram investigados apenas em humanos e organismos-modelo. Neste contexto, ferramentas de bioinformatica podem ser muito uteis para realizar analises comparativas enfocando aspectos evolutivos, estruturais e funcionais. Este projeto objetivou uma caracterizacao de padroes de conservacao e variacao desta molecula atraves da comparacao das sequencias codificantes deste gene em diferentes linhagens de mamiferos, assim como uma investigacao de aspectos estruturais atraves da construcao de um modelo 3D do BDNF consistente com dados experimentais. Os resultados revelam padroes bastante interessantes de conservacao e variacao de sequencia em diferentes linhagens, incluindo fortes evidencias da ocorrencia de selecao natural negativa (indicando restricao a mudanca devido a relevância funcional) tanto no dominio maduro como no dominio pro. Alem disso, observou-se evidencia de selecao positiva (inducao de mudancas possivelmente adaptativas) em diferentes linhagens, em todos os casos afetando diretamente o dominio pro. Estes resultados indicam que o dominio pro apresenta grande relevância funcional, e salientam a importância de focar esforcos de investigacao experimental nesta porcao do BDNF.
Eating disorder symptoms in pregnancy: a prospective study.

OBJECTIVE Previous work suggests that eating disorder symptoms diminish with pregnancy. However, little prospective study has been conducted, and little is known about pregnancy symptoms in eating disorder not otherwise specified. This research prospectively studies both eating behaviors and disordered eating cognitions in pregnant women with various eating disorder diagnoses. METHOD Forty-two participants became pregnant during 4-year follow-up of 385 women with full or subthreshold anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or binge eating disorder. Participants completed the Eating Disorders Examination (EDE) at 6-month intervals. Mixed modeling procedures were used to examine change in eating disorder cognitions, binge eating, and purging. RESULTS EDE restraint, EDE shape concerns, EDE weight concerns, binge eating, and purging diminished from prepartum to intrapartum, but returned to approximately baseline levels postpartum. CONCLUSION In this longitudinal sample of women with diverse eating disorder diagnoses, eating disorder symptoms improved during pregnancy, but worsened postpartum. These results highlight pregnancy as a potential time for eating disorder interventions.
Redes bayesianas aplicadas a la Ingeniería de Software

En ausencia de una medida acordada de la calidad del software, la densidad de defectos ha sido una medida comunmente usada. En consecuencia ha habido numerosos intentos para construir modelos para la prediccion del numero de defectos residuales en el software. Las variables clave en dichos modelos son en general metricas de tamano y complejidad o medidas derivadas del testing de la informacion y la codificacion. Sin embargo estos enfoques presentan dificultades estadisticas y teoricas. El uso de redes de creencias bayesianas puede superar algunos de estos problemas, teniendo en cuenta los diversos factores implicitos en la prevencion de defectos, deteccion y complejidad.
Screening of Coprinus Species for the Production of Extracellular Peroxidase and Evaluation of the Enzyme for the Treatment of Aqueous Phenol

The production of extracellular peroxidase by twenty-five strains of Coprinus species was investigated for the purpose of its application to the removal of phenolic and other aromatic compounds from industrial waste streams. After initial screening experiments, the production of peroxidase by three superior strains of C. cinereus UAMH 4103, UAMH 7907 and IFO 30116 was monitored over a 15-day period. Peroxidase activity was detected after 3 days of growth and had reached its peak another 6 days later. The peroxidase activity appeared to increase with a corresponding depletion of glucose concentration and rapidly declined immediately after the exhaustion of glucose. The effectiveness of the cultivated C. cinereus peroxidase (CIP) for the removal of aqueous phenol was evaluated in the presence and in the absence of additives including polyethylene glycol (PEG) and chitosan, and compared with those of purified horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and Arthromyces ramosus peroxidase (ARP). The addition of PEG and chitosan enhanced the efficiency of phenol transformation catalyzed by CIP by the factor of 1.5 and 1.3, respectively. Although the efficiency of phenol transformation was higher with CIP than those with purified HRP and ARP in the absence of additives, its superiority diminished in the presence of PEG. This suggests that the by-products of fungal culture in the crude CIP solution, presumably polycarbohydrates and proteins, have protective effects on the enzyme against inactivation during catalytic transformation of phenol, and the addition of PEG provides small effects on further protection.