Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Descriptive epidemiology of collegiate women's gymnastics injuries: National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance System, 1988-1989 through 2003-2004.

OBJECTIVE To review 16 years of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) injury surveillance data for women's gymnastics and identify potential areas for injury prevention initiatives. BACKGROUND In the 1988-1989 academic year, 112 schools were sponsoring varsity women's gymnastics teams, with approximately 1550 participants. By 2003-2004, the number of varsity teams had decreased 23% to 86, involving 1380 participants. Significant participation reductions during this time were particularly apparent in Divisions II and III. MAIN RESULTS A significant annual average decrease was noted in competition (-4.0%, P < .01) but not in practice (-1.0%, P = .35) injury rates during the sample period. Over the 16 years, the rate of injury in competition was more than 2 times higher than in practice (15.19 versus 6.07 injuries per 1000 athlete-exposures; rate ratio = 2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.3, 2.8). A total of 53% of all competition and 69% of all practice injuries were to the lower extremity. A participant was almost 6 times more likely to sustain a knee internal derangement injury in competition than in practice (rate ratio = 5.7, 95% CI = 4.5, 7.3) and almost 3 times more likely to sustain an ankle ligament sprain (rate ratio = 2.7, 95% CI = 2.1, 3.4). The majority of competition injuries (approximately 70%) resulted from either landings in floor exercises or dismounts. RECOMMENDATIONS Gymnasts with a previous history of ankle sprain should either wear an ankle brace or use prophylactic tape on their ankles to decrease the risk of recurrent injury. Preventive efforts may incorporate more neuromuscular training and core stability programs in the off-season and preseason conditioning to enhance proper landing and skill mechanics. Equipment manufacturers are encouraged to reevaluate the design of the landing mats to allow for better absorption of forces.
Movement of Water Infiltrated from a Recharge Basin to Wells

Local surface water and stormflow were infiltrated intermittently from a 40‐ha basin between September 2003 and September 2007 to determine the feasibility of recharging alluvial aquifers pumped for public supply, near Stockton, California. Infiltration of water produced a pressure response that propagated through unconsolidated alluvial‐fan deposits to 125 m below land surface (bls) in 5 d and through deeper, more consolidated alluvial deposits to 194 m bls in 25 d, resulting in increased water levels in nearby monitoring wells. The top of the saturated zone near the basin fluctuates seasonally from depths of about 15 to 20 m. Since the start of recharge, water infiltrated from the basin has reached depths as great as 165 m bls. On the basis of sulfur hexafluoride tracer test data, basin water moved downward through the saturated alluvial deposits until reaching more permeable zones about 110 m bls. Once reaching these permeable zones, water moved rapidly to nearby pumping wells at rates as high as 13 m/d. Flow to wells through highly permeable material was confirmed on the basis of flowmeter logging, and simulated numerically using a two‐dimensional radial groundwater flow model. Arsenic concentrations increased slightly as a result of recharge from 2 to 6 µg/L immediately below the basin. Although few water‐quality issues were identified during sample collection, high groundwater velocities and short travel times to nearby wells may have implications for groundwater management at this and at other sites in heterogeneous alluvial aquifers.
Modification of blood pressure and vascular reactivity to angiotensin II in the perfused heart of hypertensive rats treated with hyperbaric oxygenation

Introduction: Systemic hypertension (SHT) leads to high morbidity and mortality. Since the reninangiotensin system (RAS) represents one mechanism of regulating blood pressure, some first-line drugs target it to treat SHT. However, even with drug treatment some functional and structural changes continue to occur, leading to further complications. Hence, new coadjuvant treatments are needed that can result in more favorable outcomes. HBO (administration of 100% oxygen) at a pressure of 2 absolute atmospheres improves smooth vascular muscle relaxation and favors neovascularization. The aim of the present study was to analyze whether HBO can modify the response to angiotensin II at the cardiovascular level in hypertensive rats. Materials and methods: male Wistar rats (340 ± 20 g) maintained under standard lab conditions, SHT was induced with surgery. Beginning on day 8 post-surgery, HBO therapy was given for 20 sessions (one/ day). Rats were then sacrificed and the heart extracted to analyze the vascular and cardiac response to angiotensin II (1 × 10-9 to 1 × 10-5 M) and determine the expression of AT1R and AT2R in the different groups. Results: The systolic BP was 150 ± 10 mmHg in hypertensive rats without HBO as well we have an increase in vascular response in vascular reactivity, while in those with HBO therapy a reduction was found in this parameter as well as in vascular reactivity to angiotensin II in the heart and aorta. Conclusions: HBO therapy reduced vascular reactivity to angiotensin II in both aortic segments and in coronary arteries of hypertensive rats.
Solder joint reliability analysis of wafer level CSP

Wafer level packaging technology, maintaining the same size as the die, is a true chip scale packaging technology offering smallest possible footprint and increased electrical performance. Keeping balance between cost and quality becomes an important point in WLCSP industrial practice. In our work, six kinds of WLCSP samples were designed in order to find out the real reliability contribution of UBM and re-passivation layer. A comparison result and analysis under mechanical reliability tests will be presented in this paper. The emphasis will be given to discuss the possible failure mode of each structure and the necessity of underfill dispensing.
Rôles et limites de la chirurgie dans la prise en charge des nodules et micro-nodules pulmonaires chez les enfants porteurs de tumeur solide : revue d’expérience du CHU de Grenoble

Introduction : Les indications de prise en charge chirurgicale des nodules pulmonaires chez les enfants porteurs de cancers sont tres variables selon le type histologique de la tumeur primitive. L’objectif principal de l’etude etait, a travers notre experience, d’evaluer les benefices de l’exerese chirurgicale de ces nodules dans les indications diagnostiques et curatives. Methodes : Nous avons realise une etude descriptive retrospective monocentrique de 22 patients operes entre janvier 1998 et 2018. La chirurgie etait jugee efficace si elle permettait d’obtenir un diagnostic de certitude et d’orienter la pris en charge oncologique, ou de realiser une exerese complete des metastases. Resultats : 27 prises en charges chirurgicales ont ete realisees, 11 a visee diagnostique, 16 a visee curative. Un benefice etait apporte par 81,8 % des chirurgies diagnostiques et 62,5 % des chirurgies curatives. La qualite de l’exerese chirurgicale semble etre un facteur pronostique majeur, en dehors des patients ne presentant que des micro-nodules au diagnostic. L’echec de reperage de micro-nodules profond a concerne 33,3% des interventions dans notre serie. Discussion : Les indications d’exerese chirurgicale de ces nodules sont variees et des recommandations protocolaires propres a chaque tumeur les encadrent. Notre etude souligne l’importance de la qualite de l’exerese sur la survie globale et sans recidive. La principale limite semble resider dans le reperage des nodules profonds. Les techniques de reperage radio-guidees pourraient permettre d’ameliorer son efficacite et favoriser l’utilisation de la thoracoscopie, actuellement recommandee uniquement pour les chirurgies diagnostiques.
Orofacial clefting: update on the role of genetics.

INTRODUCTION Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) is one of the most common birth defects in the world. Prevalence varies between populations, with an average of 1/700. CL/P has a major clinical impact, requiring surgical, dental, orthodontic, speech, hearing and psychological management throughout childhood. The aetiology of CL/P is mostly unknown, and it is thought that both genetic and environmental factors play a role. Several causative genes for inherited syndromic forms of CL/P have been identified, and some recent studies have shown that these genes also contribute to the occurrence of isolated forms. Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) is one of the best models for non-syndromic CLP. It is an autosomal dominant disorder characterised by the presence of pits on the lower lip in addition to CL/P. Pits are the only feature distinguishing VWS from isolated clefts. Interestingly, in numerous VWS patients, the lip pits are very small and not readily diagnosed, thus mimicking isolated CL/P. Mutations in the IRF6 gene were shown to be the major genetic cause of VWS. ' RESULTS We performed direct sequence analysis of IRF6 on samples from a large European cohort and identified mutations in 27 (80%) families. This shows that IRF6 is the major causative gene of VWS in Europe also. Moreover, it is the gene to study when a seemingly isolated CL/P patient has minor signs, such as lip pits, since the identification of a mutation in IRF6 is associated with an increase in the risk of having a child with CL/P from 4-6%, the risk of transmission of an isolated cleft, to 50%, the risk of transmission of a dominant Mendelian disorder like VWS. Moreover, we studied the association of isolated CL/P with the IRF6 locus using two variants in a set of 195 patients from Belgium. As in an American study, a clear association was observed. This suggests that IRF6 also contributes to the occurrence of sporadic, isolated CL/P, even if no mutation in the gene can be identified in such patients. CONCLUSION In conclusion, genes that are mutated in familial syndromic forms of CL/P may be predisposing genetic factors to sporadic isolated CL/P. Due to technological advances and the availability of the human genome sequence, we have now the opportunity to try and unravel the genetic factors behind the various forms of CL/P.
Superpixel-based change detection in high resolution sar images using region covariance features

Feature representation is very important for high resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image interpretation, especially for unsupervised change detection. In this paper we propose a superpixel-based change detection approach that utilize region covariance as feature representation. After segmenting SAR images into superpixels, the second order statistic of SAR feature vectors, i.e., the region covariance feature is extracted for each superpixel. In the difference map generation stage, the dissimilarities of corresponding superpixel pairs in multitemporal SAR images are measured by calculating the Bartlett distances between region covariance features. After that, an adaptive thresholding method is applied to obtain the final detection results. Two multi-temporal TerraSAR-X high resolution SAR image sets are tested for the proposed approach and promising results are achieved.
An ultra low-voltage Gm-C filter for video applications

A new, ultra low-voltage, linear CMOS OTA is described. A 4/sub th/ order, 18 MHz low pass Butterworth Gm-C filter has been designed with this new OTA stage for video applications. In this filter, a new, fully digital approach has been used for frequency tuning. The THD of the filter, for an input signal of 0.5 V/sub PP/, is better than -60 dB. All of the circuits are designed based on a 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS process technology with a single 1 V power supply.
Effects of Mood State and Favorability of Feedback on Reactions to Performance Feedback

An experimental simulation involving 55 women assessed the main and interactive effects of experimentally induced mood state (positive vs negative) and favorability of performance feedback (positive vs negative) on the perceived accuracy of feedback. The study was conducted in two sessions. During Session I the subjects role-played the position of an advertising agent and worked on an advertising task. In Session II they were administered either a positive or negative mood induction, given positive or negative feedback on the advertising task, and completed a measure of the perceived accuracy of feedback. Regression analyses indicated support for hypothesized main and interactive effects, suggesting that mood state and favorability of feedback interactively affect the perceived accuracy of received feedback.
The Cell Cycle Inhibitory Protein p21cip Is Not Essential for Maintaining β-Cell Cycle Arrest or β-Cell Function In Vivo

p21cip1, a regulatory molecule upstream of the G1/0 checkpoint, is increased in β-cells in response to mitogenic stimulation. Whereas p21cip1 can variably stimulate or inhibit cell cycle progression, in vitro studies suggest that p21cip1 acts as an inhibitor in the pancreatic β-cell. To determine the functional role of p21cip1 in vivo, we studied p21-null mice. Surprisingly, islet mass, β-cell replication rates, and function were normal in p21-null mice. We next attempted to drive β-cell replication in p21-null mice by crossing them with rat insulin II promoter–murine PL-1 (islet-targeted placental lactogen transgenic) mice. Even with this added replicative stimulus of PL, p21-null islets showed no additional stimulation. A G1/S proteome scan demonstrated that p21cip1 loss was not associated with compensatory increases in other cell cycle inhibitors (pRb, p107, p130, p16, p19, and p27), although mild increases in p57 were apparent. Surprisingly, p18, which had been anticipated to increase, was markedly decreased. In summary, isolated p21cip1 loss, as for pRb, p53, p18, and p27 and other inhibitors, results in normal β-cell development and function, either because it is not essential or because its function is subserved or complimented by another protein. These studies underscore marked inhibitory pressure and the complexity and plasticity of inhibitory pathways that restrain β-cell replication.
Platelet Function of Newborns as Tested by Cone and Plate(let) Analyzer Correlates with Gestational Age

The issue of platelet function in infants and neonates is of interest, and current data are debatable. A new method for assessing platelet function involves using the cone and plate(let) analyzer (CPA), applicable for small (0.2 ml) whole blood volumes. We used polystyrene surface-coated plates to evaluate cord blood neonatal platelet function under flow. One hundred and sixty full-term and 29 preterm infants born at the Sheba Medical Center between March 2003 and January 2004 were evaluated for platelet adhesion measured as surface coverage (SC; the percentage of total area covered by platelets) and platelet aggregation, defined as the average size (AS) of the aggregates. Platelets from preterm infants displayed less platelet adhesion than did those from full-term infants. Platelet SC correlated with gestational age in all infants (p < 0.05), and both groups exhibited similar aggregation (AS). AS values, however, were significantly lower than the normal adult range in our laboratory. Infants born to mothers with pregnancy-induced hypertension displayed significantly lower SC. No association was found between CPA and postnatal complications. Conclusion: CPA provides a rapid, feasible option for testing platelet function in neonates. Its potential predictive value deserves further attention, and more extensive studies are warranted.
De novo pericentric inversion of chromosome 4, inv(4)(p16q12) in a boy with piebaldism and mental retardation.

An 8-year-old boy who was diagnosed to have piebaldism had moderate growth and mental retardation. Chromosome analysis from peripheral blood showed pericentric inversion 4(p16q12). The inversion was further confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization using whole chromosome painting and centromeric probes. Chromosomal analysis of parents revealed de novo inheritance of this inversion. This is the first report of pericentric inversion associated with piebald trait.
Achieving parity: The role of automatic reinforcement.

The central insight of Horne and Lowe's article is the importance of the role played by the discriminative effects of one's speech upon one's self. Informed by this insight, Horne and Lowe provide a parsimonious and coherent interpretation of the behavior said to show equivalence relations, exploiting only established concepts of behavior analysis. I am enthusiastic about both the goals and accomplishments of the article and therefore will confine myself to suggesting an elaboration or refinement of one or two ideas lightly covered by the authors, particularly the role of automatic reinforcement in the shaping of the speaker's behavior (cf. Skinner, 1957, p. 164, 1979, p. 283; Sundberg, 1980; Vaughan & Michael, 1982). Speech is special in that we stimulate ourselves in just the same way and at the same moment we stimulate others. This is a characteristic not entirely shared by sign language, because the appearance of a sign varies with the location of the viewer; typically the speaker and the listener view signs from opposite sides. Although subtle, this difference should impair the acquisition of naming in sign language relative to that of speech, because listener behavior is under the control of stimuli that the speaker can never quite reproduce. Moreover, we might expect more idiosyncrasies, or accents, among signers than among speakers. The auditory feedback from one's speech can play a special role for a speaker who is already a competent listener. Horne and Lowe allude to the discriminative control that such feedback exerts over orienting behavior and note that this control contributes greatly to our understanding of performance in research on equivalence classes. They also refer to the potential reinforcing function that
Use of Electret Ionization Chambers to Measure Radon in Caves

The caves in Northeastern Iowa are the location for a number of radon studies currently in progress, yet they have proven to be challenging sampling environments due to their wetness, mud, high particulate atmosphere, and the difficulty of transporting equipment to the sampling sites. E-PERM electret ionization chambers were evaluated in this setting for radon measurement. Major concerns included shorting of the electret charge due to physical shock during transport and from particulate or water infiltration. Selection of chamber size and electret sensitivity to permit appropriate precision during the available time window was also a concern. This presentation will detail why E-PERM units were selected for use, how the units performed in the cave environment, and what special transport and deployment techniques were adapted to ensure the quality of the experimental data.
Extending trust to immigrants: Generalized trust, cross-group friendship and anti-immigrant sentiments in 21 European societies

The aim of this study is twofold. First, we expand on the literature by testing whether generalized trust is negatively related to anti-immigrant sentiments in Europe. Second, we examine to what extent the relation between generalized trust and anti-immigrant sentiments is dependent upon cross-group friendships. We apply multilevel linear regression modeling to representative survey data enriched with levels of ethnic diversity covering 21 European countries. Results show that both generalized trust and cross-group friendship are negatively related to anti-immigrant sentiments. However, there is a negligible positive relation between generalized trust and cross-group friendship (r = .10), and we can clearly observe that they operate independently from one another. Hence, trusting actors are not more likely to form more cross-group friendships, and cross-group friendship do not lead to the development of more generalized trust. Instead, the findings show that generalized trust leads immigrants too to be included in the radius of trusted others and, as a consequence, the benign effects of generalized trust apply to them as well. We conclude that the strength of generalized trust is a form of generalization, beyond the confines of individual variations in intergroup experiences.
Role of prostaglandins in pathogenesis of bovine mastitis induced by Escherichia coli endotoxin.

Four doses (5 to 100 micrograms, 1 dose/quarter) of Escherichia coli endotoxin were introduced into lactating mammary glands of 2 cows. There was no effect on milk prostaglandin (PG) E2 concentration, except that the concentration was increased from 200 pg/ml of milk to 1,060 pg/ml at post-treatment hour (PTH) 8 in cow 1 and from 75 to 420 pg/ml at PTH 4 in cow 2 after the highest dose 100 micrograms. Endotoxin caused a dose-dependent increase in milk PGF2 alpha concentrations in both cows. After the highest dose, PGF2 alpha was maximally increased from 200 to 3,500 pg/ml at PTH 4 in cow 1 and from 250 to 2,000 pg/ml in cow 2 at PTH 8. The instillation of 50 micrograms of endotoxin in all 8 quarters of 2 more lactating cows caused no significant (P greater than 0.05) changes in milk PGE2 and thromboxane B2 concentrations, whereas milk PGF2 alpha was significantly increased from the base-line value of 642 to 2,683, 1,189, and 2,281 pg/ml at PTH 4, 8, and 12, respectively. The 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was also significantly increased from the base-line value of 305 to 871, 631, and 600 pg/ml at the corresponding times, respectively. A marked increase in vascular permeability, as judged by high concentrations of serum albumin in the whey, was observed as early as PTH 4 and peaked at PTH 12 followed by a gradual decline, although it remained significantly increased over the control for 48 hours after treatment. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Attenuation of Counterregulatory Responses to Recurrent Hypoglycemia by Active Thalamic Inhibition

OBJECTIVE—Hypoglycemia, the limiting factor in the glycemic management of diabetes, is the result of the interplay of therapeutic insulin excess and compromised glycemic defenses. The key feature of the latter is an attenuated sympathoadrenal response to hypoglycemia that typically follows an episode of recent antecedent iatrogenic hypoglycemia, a phenomenon termed hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure (HAAF) in diabetes. We investigated the role of cerebral mechanisms in HAAF by measuring regional brain activation during recurrent hypoglycemia with attenuated counterregulatory responses and comparing it with initial hypoglycemia in healthy individuals. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We used [15O]water and positron emission tomography to measure regional cerebral blood flow as a marker of brain synaptic activity during hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamps (55 mg/dl [3.0 mmol/l]) in the naïve condition (day 1) and after ∼24 h of interval interprandial hypoglycemia (day 2) in nine healthy adults. RESULTS—Interval hypoglycemia produced attenuated sympathoadrenal, symptomatic, and other counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia on day 2, a model of HAAF. Synaptic activity in the dorsal midline thalamus during hypoglycemia was significantly greater on day 2 than day 1 (P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS—Greater synaptic activity associated with attenuated counterregulatory responses indicates that the dorsal midline thalamus plays an active inhibitory role in reducing sympathoadrenal and symptomatic responses to hypoglycemia when previous hypoglycemia has occurred, the key feature of HAAF in diabetes.