Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The natriuretic hormone: recent developments.

Knock 8z de Wardener [2] confirmed the results of the Sonnenberg et al. [31 experiment in which a donor rat is isovolaemically cross circulated with a recipient assay rat. When the blood volume of the donor rat was increased with homologous blood the urinary sodium excretion of the recipient assay rat, the blood volume of which did not change, rose briskly for 1 h and then returned slowly towards the control value during the next 1-2 h. This occurred only if the urine of the donor rat was reinfused from the time the blood volume was expanded. Knock 141 modified a previous experiment by Pearce et al. [51 and showed that a small amount of plasma from a volume expanded animal when injected into another animal causes a prolonged natriuresis. It was first shown that blood volume expansion with equilibrated blood in the rat causes a brisk rise in urinary sodium excretion, which is maximal at about 1 h. Blood (2 ml) was removed from the volume expanded rat at the height of the natriuresis, it was centrifuged and the resultant 1 ml of plasma injected within a few minutes into another rat. This caused a small but significant natriuresis, which began after 1 h and was still increasing 2 h later. The natriuresis was more pronounced if the animal donating the blood had had its urine reinfused. Plasma (1 ml) from a control rat, the blood volume of which was not expanded, did not cause a rise in urinary sodium excretion when injected into another rat. Correspondence: Professor H. de Wardener, Charing Cross Hospital Medical School, Fulham Palace Road, London W6 8RF. Bengele & Solomon [61 and Krgcik et al. [71 have demonstrated that the limited capacity of the young prepubertal rat to excrete a sodium load is probably related to the absence of a circulating natriuretic substance. Young rats were given a transfusion of blood obtained either from rats of the same age, or from adult rats. Both transfusions were followed by a brisk natriuresis but the rise in urinary sodium excretion was considerably greater when the transfusion was performed with blood obtained from adult rats.
Work intensification and employee involvement in lean production: new light on a classic dilemma

Abstract This paper contributes to the literature on lean production by exploring whether and how the involvement of employees in continuous improvement and their work outcomes are jeopardized by the intensification in the work pace that stems from the elimination of non-value added activities. The research setting is the application of a lean production system, World Class Manufacturing, to 24 Italian plants of a global carmaker. The research has found that work intensification limits employee involvement in continuous improvement, and plays a crucial role in enabling employees to experience higher personal efficacy, better work performance and higher employee satisfaction. However, worker intensification does not have a direct negative impact on employees’ satisfaction about their working condition. A supportive team environment and a mature implementation of lean production at a plant level mitigate the tension between employee involvement and intensification of the work pace. Two main implications of these findings have emerged. Ambivalence in lean production is a temporary response of the workforce that can gradually diminish when the plant reaches a systemic level of application of lean organization principles. In order to diminish the coercive function of lean production, managers should apply tools and practices that require more employee involvement and a supportive team environment.
Preimplantation mouse blastocysts fail to express CYP genes required for estrogen biosynthesis

Implantation is initiated on day 4 in the mouse and on day 13 in the pig. The preimplantation pig blastocyst synthesizes steroid hormones, but whether preimplantation rodent embryos also have this ability has remained unresolved for the last two decades. In this study, the mRNAs encoding NADPH‐cytochrome P450 reductase (P450‐reductase), adrenodoxin, lanosterol 14‐demethylase P450 (CYP51), 17α‐hydroxylase P450 (CYP17), cholesterol side‐chain cleavage P450 (CYP11A1), sterol 27‐hydroxylase P450 (CYP27), and aromatase P450 (CYP19) were examined in day 4 mouse blastocysts (day 1 = vaginal plug) and in day 13 and 16 pig blastocysts using reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). In mouse blastocysts, mRNAs of P450‐reductase, adrenodoxin, and CYP51, but not CYP17, CYP11A1, CYP27, and CYP19, were detected. In agreement with this finding, no aromatase protein could be detected by immunohistochemistry. By contrast, all these mRNAs were detected in the pig blastocyst. Furthermore, both the ovarian and placental types of aromatase (CYP19) mRNAs were detected in the pig blastocyst on days 13 and 16 of pregnancy, although the ovarian form was more abundant. Both forms of aromatase were much higher in day 13 than in day 16 pig blastocysts. The results provide definitive evidence that the preimplantation mouse blastocyst, as opposed to the pig blastocyst, has no ability to synthesize estrogen and no steroidogenic capacity. Maternal estrogen synthesis is essential for implantation of the mouse blastocyst. © 1996 Wiley Liss, Inc.
Overcoming the Semantic and Other Barriers to GIS Interoperability

An increasing number of applications need to work on data that are scattered over several independent geographical information systems. This has led to extensive research efforts in the field of interoperable information systems. The term interoperability is used in a number of different contexts. In this paper a concise explanation of the meaning of interoperability in the context of GIS is given. Current efforts in this realm are presented. Problems and challenges of the next interoperable GIS generation are identified. A proposal to meet these challenges is presented.
Realized gene flow within mixed stands of Quercus robur L. and Q. petraea (Matt.) L. revealed at the stage of naturally established seedling

The estimates of contemporary gene flow assessed based on naturally established seedlings provide information much needed for understanding the abilities of forest tree populations to persist under global changes through migration and/or adaptation facilitated by gene exchange among populations. Here, we investigated pollen‐ and seed‐mediated gene flow in two mixed‐oak forest stands (consisting of Quercus robur L. and Q. petraea [Matt.] Liebl.). The gene flow parameters were estimated based on microsatellite multilocus genotypes of seedlings and adults and their spatial locations within the sample plots using models that attempt to reconstruct the genealogy of the seedling cohorts. Pollen and seed dispersal were modelled using the standard seedling neighbourhood model and a modification—the 2‐component seedling neighbourhood model, with the later allowing separation of the dispersal process into local and long‐distance components. The 2‐component model fitted the data substantially better than the standard model and provided estimates of mean seed and pollen dispersal distances accounting for long‐distance propagule dispersal. The mean distance of effective pollen dispersal was found to be 298 and 463 m, depending on the stand, while the mean distance of effective seed dispersal was only 8.8 and 15.6 m, which is consistent with wind pollination and primarily seed dispersal by gravity in Quercus. Some differences observed between the two stands could be attributed to the differences in the stand structure of the adult populations and the existing understory vegetation. Such a mixture of relatively limited seed dispersal with occasional long distance gene flow seems to be an efficient strategy for colonizing new habitats with subsequent local adaptation, while maintaining genetic diversity within populations.
Review of Opioid Pharmacogenetics and Considerations for Pain Management

Opioid analgesics are the standards of care for the treatment of moderate to severe nociceptive pain, particularly in the setting of cancer and surgery. Their analgesic properties mainly emanate from stimulation of the μ receptors, which are encoded by the OPRM1 gene. Hepatic metabolism represents the major route of elimination, which, for some opioids, namely codeine and tramadol, is necessary for their bioactivation into more potent analgesics. The highly polymorphic nature of the genes coding for phase I and phase II enzymes (pharmacokinetics genes) that are involved in the metabolism and bioactivation of opioids suggests a potential interindividual variation in their disposition and, most likely, response. In fact, such an association has been substantiated in several pharmacokinetic studies described in this review, in which drug exposure and/or metabolism differed significantly based on the presence of polymorphisms in these pharmacokinetics genes. Furthermore, in some studies, the observed variability in drug exposure translated into differences in the incidence of opioid‐related adverse effects, particularly nausea, vomiting, constipation, and respiratory depression. Although the influence of polymorphisms in pharmacokinetics genes, as well as pharmacodynamics genes (OPRM1 and COMT) on response to opioids has been a subject of intense research, the results have been somehow conflicting, with some evidence insinuating for a potential role for OPRM1. The Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium guidelines provide CYP2D6‐guided therapeutic recommendations to individualize treatment with tramadol and codeine. However, implementation guidelines for other opioids, which are more commonly used in real‐world settings for pain management, are currently lacking. Hence, further studies are warranted to bridge this gap in our knowledge base and ultimately ascertain the role of pharmacogenetic markers as predictors of response to opioid analgesics.
Sensitivity and ex vivo validation of finite element models of the domestic pig cranium

A finite element (FE) validation and sensitivity study was undertaken on a modern domestic pig cranium. Bone strain data were collected ex vivo from strain gauges, and compared with results from specimen‐specific FE models. An isotropic, homogeneous model was created, then input parameters were altered to investigate model sensitivity. Heterogeneous, isotropic models investigated the effects of a constant‐thickness, stiffer outer layer (representing cortical bone) atop a more compliant interior (representing cancellous bone). Loading direction and placement of strain gauges were also varied, and the use of 2D membrane elements at strain gauge locations as a method of projecting 3D model strains into the plane of the gauge was investigated. The models correctly estimate the loading conditions of the experiment, yet at some locations fail to reproduce correct principal strain magnitudes, and hence strain ratios. Principal strain orientations are predicted well. The initial model was too stiff by approximately an order of magnitude. Introducing a compliant interior reported strain magnitudes more similar to the ex vivo results without notably affecting strain orientations, ratios or contour patterns, suggesting that this simple heterogeneity was the equivalent of reducing the overall stiffness of the model. Models were generally insensitive to moderate changes in loading direction or strain gauge placement, except in the squamosal portion of the zygomatic arch. The use of membrane elements made negligible differences to the reported strains. The models therefore seem most sensitive to changes in material properties, and suggest that failure to model local heterogeneity in material properties and structure of the bone may be responsible for discrepancies between the experimental and model results. This is partially attributable to a lack of resolution in the CT scans from which the model was built, and partially due to an absence of detailed material properties data for pig cranial bone. Thus, caution is advised when using FE models to estimate absolute numerical values of breaking stress and bite force unless detailed input parameters are available. However, if the objective is to compare relative differences between models, the fact that the strain environment is replicated well means that such investigations can be robust.
ANÁLISE ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL DA POBREZA NOS ESTADOS BRASILEIROS

This paper analyse the relationship between poverty, economic growth and inequality in the Brazilian states in view of a structural change in the economy. For that, a methodology was used with data arranged in time and space capable of encompassing the neighborhood factor between the states. Using the Real Plan as structural change, the presence of the spillover phenomenon was verified in relation to the proportion of poor, being this phenomenon more intense in the pre-Real Plan period. Moreover, this study shows that changes in economic growth or inequalities started to have greater effects on poverty after the implementation of the Real Plan and that a public policy to combat poverty applied to the brazilian states will be more efficient when allied to redistributive measures.
Initial Public Offerings in China: Underpricing, Statistics and Developing Literature

We review more than two decades of literature on initial public offerings (IPOs) in China, discussing the research hypotheses that have been studied as well as the main findings. We summarize past and current developments in the literature and highlight the research problems which have not yet been adequately resolved. We provide updated information on the popularity of IPOs and allocation mechanisms over the last 25 years as well as on the underpricing that is associated with the usage of each IPO allocation mechanism. We also suggest new avenues for future research, based on the identified gaps in the extant literature.
Child health and ionizing radiation: Science, Politics and European Law

Between 2000 and 2006 the European Union funded a panEuropean group of epidemiologists, toxicologists and paediatricians, the Policy Information Network on Child Health and Environment (PINCHE) [1]. The purpose of the network was to examine all the literature on environmental contamination agents to provide evidencebased recommendations to the European Commission on how best to regulate exposures that had been shown or suspected to affect childrens’ health. The need for this was apparent from the increasing incidence of a number of illnesses in children and young people like childhood cancer, leukemia, asthma and a range of other increasingly prevalent conditions. Additionally, one purpose was to recommend ways in which the Commission could set up agencies or committees to develop ways in which causal linkages between exposure and illnesses might obtain unbiased information. This workgroup was the SciencePolicy interface, and I was the leader of this group. PINCHE reported in 2006 and its recommendations were published in the literature [2-4] are available on the web.
The 2004 Eleanor Clarke Slagle Lecture--Time, space, and the kaleidoscopes of occupation.

Our daily round of occupations occurs within time and space. Our understanding of occupation has traditionally viewed time and space as part of the external environment. Patterns of the "when? " and "where? " of occupations can be described. But relating time and space to the internal experience of occupation reflects more of the meaning to individuals and more complex patterns arise. Like the varied bits of glass in the object case of an art kaleidoscope, the multiple elements of occupation interact. Reflected in mirrors of our choice, we find always-changing, complex patterns of daily occupation. The elements of occupation most important for maintaining or regaining health and the mirrors and lens through which we view occupation historically have formed shifting patterns in occupational therapy, patterns of how we view ourselves, our practice, and those to whom we provide our services. We must combine the science and the art of occupational therapy as the metaphor of the kaleidoscope combines both, producing awe and wonder at the result.
Multiple attributes of cycling tourism in travelers’ decision-making process

ABSTRACT Despite the rapid growth in cycling tourism, few studies have been conducted on whether its distinctive attributes influence travelers’ decision-making process. Therefore, the current research aimed to identify the effects of the multiple attributes of cycling tourism on travelers’ decision-making process by considering cognitive evaluations, affective evaluations, satisfaction, and flow experience. The study results revealed that most of our hypothesized relationships within the framework are supported. Additionally, satisfaction and flow experience were verified as significant mediators. Finally, our study highlighted the significant role of distinctive attributes of cycling tourism in the formation of travelers’ favorable behavioral intentions for cycling tourism.
Tracing the Rights of Domestic and International Kenyan House Helps: Profiles, Policy, and Consequences

This chapter traces a history of domestic workers both within, and to a lesser degree without, Kenya. Reading from international policy platforms—including the United Nations and various international non-governmental organizations—as well as academic research, Kenyan government policy documents, and online sources like blogs and periodicals that reveal this history and frame content addressing domestic workers, the authors develop an image of the situation of domestic work in Kenya. We identified missing protections of rights and made other policy recommendations in light of that situation. Using intersectionality to disclose how the different identities of gender, class, socioeconomic status, and ethnic identification (socially imposed or individually emphasized) of domestic workers in Kenya simultaneously clash and collude, workers nonetheless remain embedded within layers of marginalization that make the very circumstance of their work more challenging for upholding the human rights of these employees. By calling attention to the destiny of migrant domestic workers in comparison to local Kenyan domestics and linking to the present international push to protect migrant domestic workers, then, not only discloses but also hints at how the needs and interests of domestic Kenyan workers may be better met, respected, and protected. It suggests future work as well aimed at prompting an acknowledgment of, and policy changes with respect to, the basic human rights of other subaltern populations. Tracing the Rights of Domestic and International Kenyan House Helps: Profiles, Policy, and Consequences
16q21 is critical for 16q deletion syndrome

A 1‐year‐old girl with an interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 16 is reported. She was characterized by a distinct craniofacial dysmorphism, meningoencephalocele, mild hydrocephalus, short neck, broad great toes and abnormally positioned toes. High resolution GTG and RBG banding analyses revealed a karyotype: 46,XX,del(16) (q13q22) de novo. An analysis of the smallest region of overlap revealed that the critical band region for 16q deletion syndrome is 16q21.
WHAT DOES OPEN INNOVATION MEAN? BUSINESS VERSUS ACADEMIC PERCEPTIONS

Since the first appearance of ‘open innovation’ as a theoretical concept in 2003, the debates on its essence still continue among academics, while its interpretations within the business community also seem to differ from one company to another. Using a survey of 251 companies operating in Europe, in this research, we compare the perceptions of open innovation that exist within both the academic and business worlds, to assist in the conceptual development of the phenomenon. Our research reveals a mismatch in these perceptions, as only a few activities counted as ‘open’ by innovation scholars appear to affect companies’ self-reported state of open innovation implementation. Moreover, our research has shown differences in the interpretation of open innovation among companies of different sizes. Only free revealing, acknowledged by scholars as one of the open innovation practices, has been recognised as such a practice by all the studied firms. This paper contributes to conceptualisation of ‘open innovation’ and shares practical insights on bridging academia and business perceptions of it.
Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 Activation within the Cardiac Myocyte Limits Ischemia–reperfusion Injury in Rodents

Background:Recent evidence suggests that cross talk exists between cellular pathways important for pain signaling and ischemia–reperfusion injury. Here, the authors address whether the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel, important in pain signaling, is present in cardiac myocytes and regulates cardiac ischemia–reperfusion injury. Methods:For biochemical analysis of TRPA1, techniques including quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunofluorescence were used. To determine how TRPA1 mediates cellular injury, the authors used an in vivo model of rat cardiac ischemia–reperfusion injury and adult rat–isolated cardiac myocytes subjected to hypoxia–reoxygenation. Results:The authors’ biochemical analysis indicates that TRPA1 is within the cardiac myocytes. Further, using a rat in vivo model of cardiac injury, the TRPA1 activators ASP 7663 and optovin reduce myocardial injury (45 ± 5%* and 44 ± 8%,* respectively, vs. control, 66 ± 6% infarct size/area at risk; n = 6 per group; mean ± SD; *P < 0.001). TRPA1 inhibition also blocked the infarct size–sparing effects of morphine. In isolated cardiac myocytes, the TRPA1 activators ASP 7663 and optovin reduce cardiac myocyte cell death when given during reoxygenation (20 ± 3%* and 22 ± 4%* vs. 36 ± 3%; percentage of dead cells per field, n = 6 per group; mean ± SD; *P < 0.05). For a rat in vivo model of cardiac injury, the infarct size–sparing effect of TRPA1 activators also occurs during reperfusion. Conclusions:The authors’ data suggest that TRPA1 is present within the cardiac myocytes and is important in regulating myocardial reperfusion injury. The presence of TRPA1 within the cardiac myocytes may potentially explain why certain pain relievers that can block TRPA1 activation, such as cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors or some nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, could be associated with cardiovascular risk.
Local Government Taxation in Sub-Saharan Africa

This paper reviews the state of knowledge on local government revenue systems in Africa, with a particular focus on commonalties and differences between Francophone and Anglophone countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. The analysis addresses the composition of local government â€˜ownâ€™ revenues, administrative practices, and how the current revenue system affects economic efficiency and accountability. Based on findings from the review and knowledge gaps identified, areas for further research on local government revenue mobilisation are suggested. Combining research on the technical and administrative framework for local taxation with the political and economic realities at the local and central levels has the potential to identify constraints and practices that can guide policy work and be used as benchmarks to assess actual policy implementation.