Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A trap when using common key phrases

It has been reported that the use of key phrases that all staff share a common understanding of is effective for integration inside an organization. At the Rakuwakai Otowa Hospital, however, integration failed due to the long-standing use of the terms “for the patient” and “patient first. ” The staff had assigned different meanings depending on their profession to these terms based on which they had built successful track records for their profession. That experience acted as an inertia preventing changes in attitudes and behaviors and ended up accelerating individually optimal activities for each profession. It is not merely a matter of staff across units simply using the same key phrases; it is important to reduce the ambiguity of the key phrases through behavior.
Between Policy Intent and Practice: Negotiating Access to Land and Other Resources in Tanzania's Wildlife Management Areas

This article analyses how states and nonstate actors' efforts at sustaining natural resource lead to the exclusion of those who are most dependent on access to it. An access lenses review of Burunge Wildlife Management Area unravels the paradox between policy promise and practice. Situating our case in the context of neoliberal conservation that offers opportunities of patronage, rent-seeking, and capital accumulation to various state and private investors, we show that Wildlife Management Areas concentrate licit benefits to a few elites, while excluding the majority of rural peoples in accessing their customary lands and natural resources. This leads people to rely on illicit access mechanisms, and consequently, leading to violent confrontations between game scouts and people and protests and struggles to regain legal access. These conflicts erode rural peoples' trust and willingness to support conservation. The widely overlooked socioeconomic and political contextualization in conservation policy formation, often framed in apolitical and normative terms, acts as a vehicle for different meanings and practices that are mobilized by different actors to promote their own interests. Thus, state and nonstate actors, whose interests override ideals of an apolitical conservation vision, jointly produce an austere conservation regime that strips local people from access to resources.
Automatic Satellite’s Streak detection in astronomical images based on intelligent methods

By developing sciences, it was found that the celestial bodies provide an accurate inertial system for navigation applications. Considering the visibility of the satellite motion trace and the fundamental need to determine and modify satellites’ orbital parameters as well as identify and locate special satellites, determining the positional parameters of the satellite is also one of the modern and important applications of vision-based astronomical systems. In the modern vision-based astronomical systems, data collection is done using a charge-coupled device (CCD) array. In this paper, a new method is presented for satellite streak detection through an optical imaging system. This automatic and efficient method, which has the ability to real-time data analysis, is based on the sidereal image using CCDs. The images captured by this method have a large amount of information about stars, galaxy, and satellites’ streak. In this paper, an automatic method is presented for streak detection. The purpose of this research is to find an optimal method for satellite streak detection and different methods in clustering such as k_means, particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA), and Gaussian mixture model (GMM). Finally, some assessment criteria were compared and concluded that GA is optimal algorithm in satellite streak detection.
ATLETİK ZİHİNSEL ENERJİ ÖLÇEĞİNİN TÜRKÇEYE UYARLANMASI VE PSİKOMETRİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Bu calismanin amaci, yeni bir kavram olarak degerlendirilebilecek atletik zihinsel enerjinin olcumu icin Lu ve arkadaslari (2018) tarafindan gelistirilen Atletik Zihinsel Enerji Olcegi’nin (AZEO) Turkceye uyarlanmasi ve psikometrik ozelliklerinin incelenmesidir. Calismaya farkli branslarda musabik seviyede faal (futbol, basketbol, voleybol, hentbol, cim/buz hokeyi, atletizm, judo, taekwondo, tenis, yuzme, oryantiring, wushu, bisiklet) 174’u erkek (%60,6) (xyas=22,57±3,29), 113’u kadin (%39,4) (xyas=22.25±2.82) olmak uzere toplam 287 sporcu gonullu olarak katilmistir. Olcek 18 madde ve 6 alt boyuttan olusmakta, 6’li Likert tipinde degerlendirilmektedir. Olcegin yapi gecerliligi icin birinci ve ikinci duzey dogrulayici faktor analizi ayri ayri incelenmis, guvenirlik degerlendirmesi icin ise ic tutarlilik katsayilari hesaplanmis, ic tutarliligin belirlenmesi adina madde toplam test korelasyonlari da incelenmistir. Birinci duzey dogrulayici faktor analiz sonuclarinda elde edilen uyum iyiligi indeks degerleri, x2/sd(x2=251,392, sd=120)=2,09, RMSEA=0,062, SRMR=0,053, GFI=0,91, CFI=0,95 olarak belirlenmistir. Ikinci duzey dogrulayici faktor analiz sonuclarinda elde edilen uyum iyiligi indeks degerleri ise, x2/sd(x2=336,325, sd=129)=2,60, RMSEA=0,075, SRMR=0,064, GFI=0,90, CFI=0,92 olarak belirlenmistir. Olcegin Cronbach Alpha degerlerinin, 0,78 ile 0,91 arasinda degistigi tespit edilmistir. Sonuc olarak Atletik Zihinsel Enerji Olcegi’nin Turkce versiyonunun sporcular icin gecerli ve guvenilir bir olcum araci oldugu soylenebilir.
Demography of southern Australian bottlenose dolphins living in a protected inverse estuary

Assessments of demographic parameters are essential to understand the dynamics of wild populations, and for their efficient conservation and management. Here, sex-specific abundance, apparent survival and temporary emigration of southern Australian bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops cf. australis) in Coffin Bay (CB), South Australia, is investigated. Results are based on capture–recapture modelling of photo-identification data and molecular analyses of biopsy samples collected during boat-based surveys between September 2013 and October 2015 in the inner and outer areas of CB. The total super-population of dolphins (including calves) using the entire study area (263 km2) was estimated with POPAN models at 306 (95% CI: 291–323), which included 71 (68–73) marked females and 57 (55–60) marked males. Seasonal estimates of abundance for the inner area of CB (123 km2) obtained with Pollock's Closed Robust Design models remained relatively constant over the two years (marked females: 52–60, marked males: 46–52, and total: 193–209). The high density of dolphins inhabiting the inner area (seasonal range: 1.57–1.70 individuals km−2), high apparent survival rates estimated for both sexes (females: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.96–1.0; males: 0.95; 0.82–0.99), and low temporary emigration rates (0.02; 95% CI: 0.01–0.11) indicate that the inner area of CB offers highly favourable habitat for these dolphins. 6-High biological productivity and low predation risk may promote these demographic patterns in the inner area of CB. 7-This study provides a robust baseline of sex-specific population demographics of southern Australian bottlenose dolphins with important implications for future research and their management and conservation in South Australia.
ASSESSMENT OF MIX PROPORTIONS FOR DEVELOPING LIGHTWEIGHT CEMENTITIOUS COMPOSITES WITH WOOD WASTES

1 Received on 20.01. 2016 accepted for publication on 11.11. 2016. 2 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento Interdisciplinar, Tramandaí, RS Brasil. E-mail: <monica.garcez@ufrgs.br>. 3 Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Centro de Engenharias, Pelotas, RS Brasil. E-mail: <estelagarcez@gmail.com>. 4 Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Graduanda em Engenharia Civil, Pelotas, RS Brasil. E-mail: <ali.oli. edi@bol.com. br>. 5 Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Engenharia Industrial Madeireira, Pelotas, RS Brasil. E-mail: <darcigatto@yahoo.com>. *Corresponding author.
Digital gene expression analysis during floral transition in pak choi (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis)

Digital gene expression profiling technology was used to examine the changes in gene expression during floral transition in pak choi. A total of 1486 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during floral transition were identified, of which 505 were upregulated and 981 were downregulated. Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that the proteins encoded by DEGs were mainly located in eight cell regions including the apoplast, plant-type cell wall, chloroplast, etc. They had eight kinds of molecular functions such as transcription factor and oxidoreductase, and involved in 72 biological processes containing jasmonic acid and salicylic acid metabolism, glucose metabolism, the MAPK cascade, etc. Further pathway enrichment analysis showed that four metabolic pathways were significantly enriched by DEGs. DEGs that exhibited at least a 10-fold difference were analyzed in detail. Results showed that flavonoid metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis (or pathways) were significantly enriched and the corresponding gene number was the highest. Moreover, 15 genes among the highly expressed genes were involved in reproductive development, of which five homologues in Arabidopsis thaliana were directly related to floral transition, which were predicted to have a similar function in pak choi.
Winter habitat associations of eastern spotted skunks in Virginia

Eastern spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius) populations have declined throughout much of their range in the eastern United States over recent decades. Declines have been attributed to habitat loss or change, increased competition with sympatric mesocarnivore species, or disease. To better understand the extant distribution of spotted skunks in the Appalachian Mountains of western Virginia, USA, we used a detection-non-detection sampling approach using baited camera traps to evaluate the influence of landscape-level environmental covariates on spotted skunk detection probability and site occupancy. We conducted camera trap surveys at 91 sites from January to May in 2014 and 2015. Spotted skunk occupancy was associated with young-aged forest stands at lower elevations and more mature forest stands at higher elevations. Both land cover types in this region can be characterized as having complex forest structure, providing cover that varies with stand age, species composition, elevation, and management regime. Our results provide insight into factors that influence spotted skunk spatial distribution and habitat selection, information that can be used to generate conservation assessments and inform management decisions. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Nomenclatural notes on the genus Schizomussaenda H.L.Li (Rubiaceae)

In the present study, three synonyms of Schizomussaenda henryi, namely Emmenopterys rehderi, Mussaenda dehiscens and Schizophragma macrosepalum are lectotypified. Additionally, a revised description of S. henryi is provided based on Thai materials examined. Schizomussaenda henryi from Thailand is illustrated.
Microstructure characterisation of in-situ synthesised TiC/Ti6Al4 V composite coating by laser cladding

ABSTRACT A TiC/Ti6Al4V composite coating was prepared by laser cladding and the microstructure and the microhardness of different areas of the coating were studied. The results showed that an in-situ synthesis between graphene and Ti occurred during the laser cladding process and TiC was formed. At the top of the coating, the amount of TiC formed was less and it was not homogeneously distributed. In the middle of the coating, TiC was homogeneously distributed and the number of TiC particles was significantly higher. Because of the rapid cooling rate at the top, many of the nucleated TiC particles did not grow significantly. The TiC was fully grown in the middle because of lower heat dissipation and a relatively slow cooling rate; furthermore, convection of the molten pool promoted the homogeneous distribution of TiC in the middle of the cladded coating. Compared with the middle part of the coating, the coating bonded well with the Ti6Al4V matrix at the bottom of the coating. Moreover, α’ acicular martensite was formed during the rapid solidification process in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). The TiC and the α-Ti phase displayed an orientation relationship extremely close to [−2 −2 0] TiC // [2 −4 0 2] α-Ti. The hardness of the TiC/Ti6Al4V composite coating was 57% higher than that of the Ti6Al4V matrix, with the hard TiC particles played a strengthening role.
The painful ear

Otalgia, or ear pain, is a common presentation in general practice. It can be broadly divided into primary and secondary otalgia. Primary otalgia is pain that arises from pathology of the external, middle and inner ear. Secondary otalgia, or referred otalgia, is pain that arises from pathology outside the ear. There are many causes of secondary otalgia, due to the complex sensory innervation of the ear. History and physical examination are vital in determining the aetiology. This clinical review discusses the possible causes of ear pain, and provides a systematic approach to assessment and management, including when to refer to specialists.
An investigation into the effects of Plasmodium parasite infection on the human odour profile

Some studies suggest that Plasmodium parasites can change the attractiveness of their vertebrate hosts to Anopheles vectors. This is suggestive of parasite manipulation, where the parasite alters a host phenotype to the parasite’s own fitness benefit. In this instance, Plasmodium parasites may benefit from increased transmission via a greater number of vector-host contacts. Despite evidence that variation in human host attractiveness to biting insects is manifest through differences in the human odour profile (volatile compounds produced by the skin), the association between odour profile and Plasmodium infection has never been studied in humans. The skin odour profile of individuals infected with Plasmodium in both experimental- and natural-infection settings was investigated using gas chromatography (GC). In the experimentally-infected (EI) cohort, adults were infected with Plasmodium falciparum and their odour profile sampled before, during and after infection. In the naturally-infected (NI) cohort, children aged 5-12 years with Plasmodium infections of varied parasite density, stage and species were sampled before and after treatment with antimalarials. Odour samples from both cohorts were further screened for infection-associated compounds using coupled GC-electroantennography (GC-EAG). In both EI and NI cohorts, changes in the production of several compounds in skin odour were found to be associated with the presence of Plasmodium parasites. Of these, production of the aldehydes heptanal, octanal and nonanal (C7-C9) was both increased in association with the presence of parasites in a density-dependent manner, and found to induce antennal response in Anopheles coluzzi. The production of C7-C9 and other infection-associated compounds via malaria-induced oxidative stress is a suggested mechanism. Malaria remains one of the most important diseases worldwide. As the global strategy for malaria control and elimination evolves, to combat both parasite and vector resistance to drugs and insecticides, the need for innovative tools intensifies. If malaria parasites can alter the human odour profile and attractiveness to mosquitoes, the repercussions would be far reaching: this would likely have a profound influence on the way that malaria spreads through populations, and malaria-specific volatile biomarkers could provide a basis for novel diagnostic tools.
Apparent breeding success drives long‐term population dynamics of a migratory swan

The ability of a species to adapt to environmental change is ultimately reflected in its vital rates – i.e. survival and reproductive success of individuals. Together, vital rates determine trends in numbers, commonly monitored using counts of species abundance. Rapid changes in abundance can give rise to concern, leading to calls for research into the biological mechanisms underlying variations in demography. For the northwest European population of Bewick's swan Cygnus columbianus bewickii, there have been major changes in the population trends recorded during nearly five decades of monitoring (1970–2016). The total number of birds increased to a maximum of ca 30 000 in 1995 and subsequently decreased to about 18 000 individuals in 2010. Such large fluctuation in population numbers is rare in long‐lived species and understanding the drivers of this population change is crucial for species management and conservation. Using the integrated population model (IPM) framework, we analysed three demographic datasets in combination: population counts, capture–mark–resightings (CMR) and the proportion of juveniles in winter over a period of ~50 years. We found higher apparent breeding success in the years when the population had a positive growth rate compared to years with a negative growth rate. Moreover, no consistent trend in adult and yearling survival, and an increasing trend in juvenile survival was found. A transient life‐table response experiment showed that apparent breeding success and adult survival contributed most to the variation in population trend. We explored possible explanatory variables for the different demographic rates and found a significant association between juvenile survival both with the water level in lakes during autumn migration, which affects food accessibility for the swans, and with summer temperatures. Such associations are important for understanding the dynamics of species with fluctuating population sizes, and thus for informing management and conservation decisions.
DESIGNED EXPERIMENTS: DO YOU KNOW WHAT POPULATION YOU ARE SAMPLING FROM?

SUMMARY Consider a field experiment laid out in a randomized complete block design in which you study three types of fertilizers for two winter wheat cultivars. One year, one location – the experiment is not repeated. You design it and then spend a lot of time and money to conduct it. You cultivate the soil and take care of the plants; you worry about them; you never know what can happen, so you cannot wait for the crop to be harvested. And that day finally comes. The crop is harvested, and everything is fine. And here you are, all went great, you have the data in hands, and now a simple thing to do – analyse them. Well, yes, the experiment was conducted in one year, and you are aware you cannot be sure the outcome would be the same next year or elsewhere, but whatever – suffice it to consider the conclusions as preliminary and get on with the interpretation. Why should you not? It was a properly designed experiment that took samples from the underlying infinite populations of the two winter wheat cultivars in the three water regimes studied. Statistics is here to help you out, is not it? Well, it is not. Statistics will not help you out whether the experiment was poorly designed. Agricultural science literature seldom explains what populations are studied and what types of samples are taken in designed experiments. To fill this gap, we discuss various aspects of the sampling process in designed experiments. In doing so, we look at the survey sampling methodology, a statistical framework for studying finite populations – we do this because survey sampling has developed into the advanced theory of sampling processes, and this background can help us understand the intrinsic aspects of sampling in designed experiments.
Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover as Predictors of Bone Mineral Density Response to Denosumab

Introduction: In osteoporosis, there is an increase in reabsorption and a decrease in bone formation. This bone turnover could be measured through bone turnover markers (BTM) in order to predict the response in bone mineral density. In this trial, we describe BTM after initiation of Denosumab (DMAB) treatment and its relationship with subsequent long-term responses of BMD (Bone Mineral Density). Materials and Methods: We observed 104 patients with osteoporosis in treatment with DMAB 60 mg, with subcutaneous administration every six months, between 2012 and 2016. The 46.5% of patients had received previous treatment with bisphosphonates and the rest of them were naïve patients. We determined the values of markers of bone turnover (PINP and CTX) at baseline, then at 6 months and 12 months after starting treatment with DMAB and BMD was measured at baseline, then at 12 months and 24 months, after the initiation of DMAB. Finally, we verified whether there is a correlation between the decrease in bone markers at 6 months and the increase in BMD at one year. Results and Conclusion: This analysis confirms a relationship between the descent of bone turnover marker and BMD response to therapy with DMAB; in this case between P1NP and CTX at 6 months of initiation of treatment and the increase in BMD in lumbar spine (LS), femoral neck (FN) and total radius (TR) at 1 year, but not statistically significant. We performed a sub analysis excluding the patients who were previously treated with bisphosphonates, finding a correlation between decreased levels of CTX and P1NP at 6 months and the increase in BMD in FN and TF at 1 year, respectively and statistically significant. We also detected a correlation between a decreased of P1NP at 6 months and the increase in BMD in TF at 2 years, statistically significant. We conclude that the use of bisphosphonates plays a role as confusion factor probably explaining why it is not statistically significant the whole analysis of the study. Therefore, future analysis will be needed. There is insufficient evidence to choose bone turnover markers to monitor osteoporosis treatment response in routine clinical practice, although it would be interesting to measure them in order to help us predict the therapeutic response at the level of bone mineral density.
Null Cartan Curve Variations in 3D semi-Riemannian Manifold

The aim of this work is to investigate the variations of the Bishop frame curvatures for null Cartan curves in semi Riemannian manifolds. In particular, we derive the Killing equations in terms of the variations of the Bishop curvatures along the null Cartan curve. Killing equations make allow to interpret the motion of the charged particles in a magnetic field. As an application, we examine the charged particle motion along a null Cartan curve by means of the Killing equations. It is found that the charged particle traces a trajectory in the form of the null cubic during its movement in the Killing magnetic vector field. Furthermore, by using these results we give an example of the null Cartan magnetic trajectories.
Morphology and Niche Partitioning of Fish Assemblage in the Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve - a Case Study of the Prek Toal Core Area

A morphological approach provides vital information on community structure and ecological adjustments among different species that occupy in the same habitat. The coexistence of competing species in a diverse community results in niche partitioning in order to increase stabilization. Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve, one of the world’s most productive inland wetlands is a tropical river ecosystem so dynamic that supports high biodiversity, especially fish population. This study tests the relationship between morphology and niche partitioning to understand the coexistence of diverse fish assemblages in the Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve. By measuring 31 morphological variables and gathering ecological data of the collected 27 fish species, this study applies principal component analysis and cluster analysis to examine the influence of morphology on the ecological niches of the fish assemblage. The results of the study demonstrate that the diversifications in morphological characters directly determine niche partitioning of the fish assemblage in the Prek Toal core area of the Tonle Sap Biosphere Reserve.