Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Estimating performance of high output power density 400/400V isolated DC/DC converter with hybrid pair SJ-MOSFET and SiC-SBD for power supply of data center

In this paper, the performance of high output power density 400/400V isolated dc/dc converter for power supply in data center is investigated. The isolated dc/dc converter uses the hybrid pair of SJ-MOSFET and SiC-SBD power devices. A high accuracy of dc/dc converter analysis is carried out by considering the intrinsic and extrinsic loss parameter of power devices and circuit board. Based on this analysis, the efficiency and power density of isolated DC/DC converter is estimated for various high switching frequencies (100 kHz, 200 kHz and 300 kHz). From the result of the analysis operation of switching frequency by 200 kHz results in the highest output power density among the various high switching frequencies. The analysis estimates that the isolated dc/dc converter with efficiency around 97% and power density 10 W/cm3 has strong possibility to be realized by the proposed design.
Balanced Growth Solutions and Related Problems of Hua's Macroeconomic Model

In this paper, the balanced growth solution and relative stability of solution on Hua's macroeconomic model is studied. Firstly, by deriving the greatest eigenvalue and nonnegative eigenvector, and analyzing the range of the eigenvalue of nonnegative matrix, the existence of the balanced growth solution on a sort of Hua's macroeconomic model is proved, no matter whether direct consumption coefficient matrix is irreducible or reducible. Furthermore, the concept of balanced solution's relative stability is introduced to Hua's macroeconomic model and the necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of these solutions is obtained. Finally, based on the price equation proposed by Prof. Hua, the dynamic price system which is inclusive of the interest rate is proposed and the relationship between price and output on the basis of the relative stability of price system is illuminated. Index Terms—Hua's macroeconomic model, balanced growth solution, relative stability, price system In the 1980s,Prof. Luogeng Hua established the well- known theory which called "mathematical theory of large-scale optimization in planned economy" in several papers. In these papers, he proposed the so-called Hua's macroeconomic model. Under the condition of enough large productivity elasticity, the model depicts the relationship between input and output. Compared with Leontief's macroeconomic model, Hua's model fits better in the current Chinese economy. Hence the model can be used to analyze and forecast effectively in China
Management options for aorto-oesophageal fistula: case histories and review of the literature

Objective: An aorto-oesophageal fistula is a rare clinical entity, leading to life-threatening gastrointestinal bleeding. Thoracic aortic aneurysms are the most common cause of aorto-oesophageal fistulae; further causes involve foreign body ingestion, trauma (in most cases iatrogenic), carcinoma or, very rarely, aortitis tuberculotica. Methods: Due to its rarity, there are no large multicentre studies present to evaluate the efficacy of different therapeutic management options. Since it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, we give a short summary of various treatment approaches performed in our clinical practice in the past three years. The most straightforward therapeutic option may be an endovascular aortic repair and subtotal oesophageal resection followed by gastro-oesophageal reconstruction, but other alternative treatment possibilities are also present, although with probable higher morbidity. Conclusions: Eliminating the source of bleeding as an emergency, resecting the oesophagus urgently to prevent sepsis and reconstructing the gastrointestinal continuity as an elective case after having the inflammatory processes settled seems to justify the endovascular aortic repair and subtotal oesophageal resection, followed by a gastro-oesophageal reconstruction, as an effective surgical approach.
Elevated CO2 reduces disease incidence and severity of a red maple fungal pathogen via changes in host physiology and leaf chemistry

Atmospheric CO2 concentrations are predicted to double within the next century. Despite this trend, the extent and mechanisms through which elevated CO2 affects plant diseases remain uncertain. In this study, we assessed how elevated CO2 affects a foliar fungal pathogen, Phyllosticta minima, of Acer rubrum growing in the understory at the Duke Forest free‐air CO2 enrichment experiment in Durham, North Carolina. Surveys of A. rubrum saplings in the 6th, 7th, and 8th years of the CO2 exposure revealed that elevated CO2 significantly reduced disease incidence, with 22%, 27%, and 8% fewer saplings and 14%, 4%, and 5% fewer leaves infected per plant in the three consecutive years, respectively. Elevated CO2 also significantly reduced disease severity in infected plants in all years (e.g. mean lesion area reduced 35%, 50%, and 10% in 2002, 2003, and 2004, respectively). To assess the mechanisms underlying these changes, we combined leaf structural, physiological and chemical analyses with growth chamber studies of P. minima growth and host infection. In vitro exponential growth rates of P. minima were enhanced by 17% under elevated CO2, discounting the possibility that disease reductions were because of direct negative effects of elevated CO2 on fungal performance. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) verified that conidia germ tubes of P. minima infect A. rubrum leaves by entering through the stomata. While stomatal size and density were unchanged, stomatal conductance was reduced by 21–36% under elevated CO2, providing smaller openings for infecting germ tubes. Reduced disease severity under elevated CO2 was likely due to altered leaf chemistry and reduced nutritive quality; elevated CO2 reduced leaf N by 20% and increased the C : N ratio by 20%, total phenolics by 15%, and tannins by 14% (P<0.05 for each factor). The potential dual mechanism we describe here of reduced stomatal opening and altered leaf chemistry that results in reduced disease incidence and severity under elevated CO2 may be prevalent in many plant pathosystems where the pathogen targets the stomata.
Bacillus species in the intestine of termites and other soil invertebrates

Soil invertebrates harbour a complex microbial community in their intestinal system. The total number of microbes in the hindgut of soil invertebrates can reach a titre of 1011 ml−1. The gut microbes play an indispensable role in the digestion of food and are of ecological importance in the global carbon cycle. The gut microbiota can include a variety of micro‐organisms from the three domains Bacteria, Archaea and Eucarya. The bacterial groups from the intestinal systems are mainly affiliated to the proteobacteria, the gram‐positive groups Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, the Bacteroides/Flavobacterium branch and the spirochetes. The Archaea are represented by methanogens. The eukaryotic groups consist of protozoa, yeasts and fungi. Intestinal bacteria are involved in the degradation of cellulose, hemicellulose and aromatic compounds as well as nitrogen fixation. They also contribute to the redox status of the gut. Bacilli form a significant portion of the intestinal microbial community of soil invertebrates, especially among cellulose degraders. The diversity and function of bacilli in soil invertebrates will be discussed in this paper.
Trial design for cancer (cell)-specific anticancer therapies

The last decade has brought a totally new class of systemic anticancer treatment options, the so-called cancer (cell)-specific (CCS) anticancer agents. Until recently, this treatment modality has been referred to as ‘targeted therapy’ but as all existing systemic anticancer therapies have a clearly defined target, this seems to be a misnomer. Despite impressive results of several CCS drugs, the present set up of drug development is ill suited for CCSs due to the nature of the majority of these compounds. The authors focus on specific aspects of how to design early clinical trials with this new class of anticancer agents with focus on pharmacodynamic behaviour in relation to response, optimal dose and treatment duration.
Arterial Baroreflexes and Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Variabilities in Humans

The factors responsible for 24-hour blood pressure and heart rate variabilities have never been clarified; however, studies performed in unanesthetized animals have shown an increase in blood pressure variability after sinoaortic denervation, and a negative relationship has been reported occasionally between blood pressure variability and baroreflex control of heart rate in humans. We have systematically investigated this issue in 82 ambulant hypertensive subjects using 24-hour intraarterial blood pressure recording (Oxford method) in which blood pressure and heart rate variabilities were measured by calculating the standard deviations of the values obtained throughout the 24 hours or during separate daytime and nighttime periods. Baroreflex sensitivity was assessed by the bradycardic or tachycardic responses to intravenous injections of phenylephrine or nitroglycerin and by the blood pressure response to changes in carotid transmural pressure obtained with a neck chamber. The sensitivity of the baroreceptor-heart rate reflex as Bssessed by the vasoactive drug technique showed a negative relationship with 24-hour blood pressure variability as well as with daytime and nighttime blood pressure variabilities measured separately (r = −0.28 to −0.50, p < 0.05). These Variabilities also correlated negatively with the sensitivity of the baroreceptor-blood pressure reflex as assessed by the neck chamber technique. By contrast, baroreflex sensitivity showed a positive correlation with heart rate variabilities (r = 0.32 to 0.47, p < 0.05). The relationship between baroreflex sensitivity and blood pressure and heart rate variabilities was confirmed when the data were analyzed by multiple regression to adjust for blood pressure and age differences among the 82 subjects. These results suggest that 1) arterial baroreflexes exert a buffering influence on the magnitude of daytime and nighttime blood pressure variabilities in humans; 2) these reflexes favor heart rate variability, which may represent one of the means by which baroreflex stabilization of blood pressure is accomplished; and 3) because of the low correlation indices between baroreflex sensitivity and blood pressure and heart rate variabilities, other factors (probably central in nature) are important in determining the size of these variations.
Authentication, Privacy, and the Federal E-Government

As federal agencies move toward more sophisticated e-govern- ment offerings, they must consider both policy and operational requirements for electronic authentication (e-authentication). One important consideration in designing and deploying e-authentica- tion solutions is the balance between access, security, authentication, and privacy. Public law and government-wide policy encourage e-government and e-authentication simultaneously with privacy protection, creating policy and operational tensions for e-government efforts. A review of the relevant laws and policies and analyses of the privacy implications of authentication technologies indicates that federal agencies have at least two analytic frameworks for balancing privacy concerns with e-authentication. A framework offered in the 2003 National Research Council report Who Goes There? and the privacy impact analysis requirements of the E-Government Act of 2002 provide e-government projects with the tools for navigating the path between privacy and openness, required by both e-government law and policy.
All-fiber tunable ytterbium-doped double-clad fiber ring laser.

We have designed and realized a cw all-fiber tunable Yb-doped double-clad fiber laser in a unidirectional ring cavity. The side-pumping V-groove technique is used, yielding very good launching efficiency of the high-power pumping laser diode, together with a compact configuration. The fiber laser delivers as much as 800 mW of power and is tunable in the spectral range 1.04-1.10 microm . The laser linewidth is ~0.1 nm .
Criteria for driver impairment

Most traffic accidents can be attributed to driver impairment, e.g. inattention, fatigue, intoxication, etc. It is now technically feasible to monitor and diagnose driver behaviour with respect to impairment with the aid of a limited number of in-vehicle sensors. However, a valid framework for the evaluation of driver impairment is still lacking. To provide an acceptable definition of driver impairment, a method to assess absolute and relative criteria was proposed to fulfil the paradoxical goal of defining impaired driving which is consistent yet adaptable to interindividual differences.
Broadband Circularly Polarized Square-Ring-Loaded Slot Antenna With Flat Gains

A novel broadband circularly polarized (CP) square-ring-loaded slot antenna with flat gains is proposed in this letter. The antenna is fed by an L-shaped microstrip line with tapered section for impedance matching. A square ring is also loaded, and a new resonant frequency with the minimum axial ratio (AR) is produced, broadening the CP bandwidth of the original slot-coupled microstrip-fed antenna. The antenna is successfully designed and fabricated. Measured results show that its 10-dB return-loss bandwidth is 3.94 GHz (4.56–8.5 GHz with the center frequency 6.53 GHz) and that its 3-dB AR bandwidth can reach 3.7 GHz (4.75–8.45 GHz with the center frequency 6.6 GHz). The antenna occupies an overall volume of $0.8\lambda _{0} \times 0.8 \lambda _{0} \times 0.13\lambda _{0}$ with respect to 6 GHz. Its peak gain is 4.4 dBic, and the gain variation within 4.75–8.2 GHz band is less than 1 dBic, which means a good flat gain feature in the broad frequency band. The measured results agree well with the simulated ones.
Sustained Transgene Expression in Intervertebral Disc Cells In Vivo Mediated by Microbubble-Enhanced Ultrasound Gene Therapy

Study Design. In vivo studies using a rat model were performed to determine the feasibility of microbubble-enhanced ultrasound gene transfer technique to the intervertebral disc. Objectives. 1) To establish this microbubble-enhanced ultrasound gene therapy technique for intervertebral disc cells in vivo without using viral vectors and 2) to estimate the duration of transgene expression in vivo. Summary of Background Data. Intervertebral disc degeneration and associated spinal disorders remain a formidable problem. Although gene therapy approaches have been reported as having promising therapeutic potential to regenerate the disc, concerns over safety issues using recombinant viral vectors limits its application. Successful gene transfer using ultrasound has been reported in muscle and cardiovascular systems in vivo. Materials and Methods. Two different reporter plasmid DNA encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) and firefly luciferase were used. Plasmid DNA was mixed with ultrasonography contrast agent (microbubbles) and injected into coccygeal intervertebral discs of Sprague-Dawley rats. The therapeutic ultrasound was irradiated on the surface of injected discs. Rats were killed 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 weeks after gene transduction. Harvested nucleus pulposus tissues were used for evaluation of transgene expression. The intact discs were used as a control. Results. Seven days after gene transfection, considerable numbers of GFP-positive cells were observed in nucleus pulposus from the GFP-transfected group. Luciferase assay revealed that the ultrasound group demonstrated approximately an 11-fold increase in luciferase activity over the plasmid DNA-only group. Furthermore, transgene expression mediated by this method was observed, at least up to 24 weeks. Conclusions. Our study indicated that ultrasound transfection method with microbubbles significantly enhanced transfection efficiency of plasmid DNA into the nucleus pulposus cells in vivo. Furthermore, the sustained transgene expression in vivo was possible up to 24 weeks. The long-term gene expression mediated by simple and safe procedure has important clinical applications, including the treatment of chronic types of disease such as degenerative disc diseases.
Pharmacy student response to patient-simulation mannequins to teach performance-based pharmacotherapeutics.

OBJECTIVE To design and implement a simulated patient-case assessment using a mannequin for critical care pharmacotherapeutic education of doctor of pharmacy students and to evaluate student satisfaction with the simulation. DESIGN During the second year of the doctor of pharmacy program, all students were required to complete Introduction to Critical Care. This course consisted of didactic education, written patient-case sessions, and an interactive patient simulation session. Information on the patient case was distributed to students after completing the didactic portion of the course. Patient information was programmed into a simulation mannequin, which demonstrated characteristics of a critically ill human. Students were surveyed post-simulation to determine the effectiveness of the learning experience. ASSESSMENT The majority of students (88%) were extremely satisfied with the experience. The facilitator was considered to be extremely useful in 75% of responses. CONCLUSION By simulating a patient case, the facilitator was able to control students' learning environment, adapt the simulation to the level of the students' performance, and debrief students immediately. Ultimately, by involving students in actual patient cases early in the pharmacy curriculum, this type of education could produce pharmacists with a high level of expertise and confidence.
Prognostic Value of ADAMTS Proteases and Their Substrates in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Background: ADAMTS are metalloproteases with disintegrin and thrombospondin motifs. They are secreted proteases playing a role in biological processes such as inflammation, angiogenesis, and urogenital development. ADAMTS have specific substrates, such as the proteoglycans (PG) versican, aggrecan, and brevican. Despite data indicating a role of ADAMTS in tumor invasion and metastases, effects played by these molecules in cancer progression are still controversial. In ovarian cancer, the importance of ADAMTS gene mutations was recently described and related to chemotherapy outcome. Objective: To analyze protein levels of ADAMTS-1, -4, and -5, and TIMP-3 in human ovarian cancer classified as benign, borderline, or malignant. We also assessed the expression of the ADAMTS substrates aggrecan, brevican, and versican in these neoplasms. Correlations between overall survival and protein expression were performed. Methods: Tumors were classified according to the WHO Classification of Tumors of Female Reproductive Organs. Protein and PG expression was studied by immunohistochemistry. Differences in labeling were analyzed by percent measurements of stained areas. Results: ADAMTS-1, ADAMTS-5, and its tissue inhibitor TIMP-3 are increased in borderline and malignant tumors compared to benign neoplasms. Aggrecan and versican levels were increased in malignant subtypes compared to benign ovarian cancer. Higher ADAMTS-1, TIMP-3, and versican expression was associated with a shorter overall survival. Conclusions: Comparison of protease, TIMP-3, and substrate expression showed that in malignant tumors all ADAMTS and TIMP-3 expression levels were significantly raised compared to the substrates studied.
Marital Distress

According to recent census data, approximately 50% of first marriages end in divorce, one of life's most stressful events. Even for those marriages that do not end in divorce, many are characterized by unhappiness. For example, it has been estimated that approximately 20% of all married couples experience marital distress, or discontent with their marriage, at any given time. Despite the risk associated with marriage, almost 90% of the population chooses to marry at least once, and nearly 75% of divorced individuals choose to remarry. Therefore, understanding marital distress and its consequences, and developing effective marital therapy treatment programs, have been major foci of individuals in the field of mental health.
Turning a bilingual dictionary into a lexical semantic database

This volume addresses the complex problem of the use and exploitation of bilingual lexical resources available in machine-readable form. The reusability of lexical resources has indeed attracted a lot of attention in the past few years, but NLP researchers have tended to concentrate mainly on monolingual English learners' dictionaries, somewhat neglecting bilingual dictionaries.
HILDA/LIF URINARY EXCRETION DURING ACUTE KIDNEY REJECTION

Recently, a new lymphokine called HILDA (human interleukin for DA cells) has been described and cloned. This cytokine, initially described to be produced by alloreactive T lymphocyte clones grown from a rejected human kidney allograft, is identical to other factors termed D-factor, differentiation-inducing factor, differentiation inhibitory activity, hepatocyte-stimulating factor III, and leukemia inhibitory factor. HILDA/LIF induces various effects on neural, hemopoietic, embryonic cells as well as on bone remodeling and acute phase protein synthesis in hepatocyte. In this study we demonstrate the presence of HILDA/LIF in the urine but not in the serum of kidney graft recipients during acute rejection episodes, whereas this lymphokine was detectable neither in the serum nor in the urine of kidney transplanted patients with stable renal function. These data reinforce the notion of a possible role for this lymphokine in the inflammatory and/or the immune response.
Fiber connections of the pontine detrusor nucleus (Barrington)

Barrington ('21) was the first to notice the importance of the brain stem between the superior colliculus and the pyramidal decussation for micturition. He ('25) also demonstrated that the bilateral destruction of the dorsolateral reticular formation of the rostral pons in cats constantly results in a permanent abolition of the sustained and strong contraction of the bladder necessary for micturition. Yamamoto and Kuru ('64) have distinguished a nucleus composed of mediumsized nerve cells in the pontine area described by Barrington. In as much as electrical stimulation of this nucleus constantly resulted in a marked contraction of the bladder, it was named the pontine detrusor nucleus. In the present paper the fiber connections of this nucleus both to the sacral and bulbar vesico-motor centers (Kuru and Ozaki, '59; Tokunaga and Kuru, '59) and to the mesencephalic micturition facilitatory area (Koyama, Makuya and Kuru, '62) are described.