Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE MENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE MANY

Many years ago, I blush to recall, I published some arguments against the existence of all sorts of commonly supposed entities against rocks and desks, plants and planets, stars and salt shakers, human brains and bodies, and, perish the thought, against us human thinking experiencers, including even the one who's me.1 By contrast, now I'm trying to develop, in a book I've been long writing, a humanly realistic philosophy, wherein my existence, and yours, has the status of a quite undeniable philosophic datum.2 As it seems to me now, certain trying ideas then deployed in such nihilistic reasoning may bear importantly on the question of what sort of a humanly realistic view we should adopt. These are ideas to the effect that, where I'm apt first to think that there's just this one human body, “my body,” seated in just this one chair, “my desk chair,” there are, more accurately, many billions of human bodies, each seated in many billions of chairs. And, where I'm first given to believe that there's just one healthy active brain, “my brain,” promoting someone's mentality, there may be many billions of brains, each of them largely overlapping so many of the others, and each serving, quite equally, to promote a thinking, experiencing and choosing human being, or human self. Maybe each brain promotes the very same mind, or self, as do each of the others, in which case there's just one self promoted (rather redundantly? ) by them all; or maybe each promotes a numerically distinct conscious individual, in which case many billions of experiencers may be, in my situation, simultaneously promoted. Right now, these remarks should seem no better than cryptic comments; but, in the course of this essay, their import should become clearer. These trying ideas might provide, I'll be suggesting, much force against the Scientiphical View that each of us is a highly complex wholly physical thing, with each of our powers just some sort of (physically derivative) physical power or, on a less popular versions of Scientiphicalism, each of us is epiphenomenal on, or supervenient on, a highly complex wholly physical thing.3 And, they might also provide much force
Diversity of culturable endophytic diazotrophic bacteria in flue-cured tobacco in Panzhihua

[Objective] To study the diversity of endophytic diazotrophic bacteria in flue-cured tobacco, explore the resource of endophytic diazotrophic bacteria, and enrich the gene pool of endophytic diazotrophic bacteria. [Methods] Pure culture, transcription factor amplification (BOX-PCR), 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and phylogeny analysis were applied to study the diversity and phylogeny of endophytic diazotrophic bacteria strains isolated from flue-cured tobacco leaf. The nitrogenase activities, phosphorus and potassium solubilizing activities and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production of the isolates were also evaluated. [Results] Totally, 62 endophytic diazotrophic strains were isolated by using Ashby culture media. Based on the BOX-PCR patterns, 16 typical strains were selected for further 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Phylogeny analysis results based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolates were affiliated to 3 genera, including Bacillus, Pantoea, and Curtobacterium. Bacillus was the dominant species among all the isolates. 32.3% (20/62) of the isolates exhibited nitrogenase activities, 12.9% (8/62) showed abilities in producing IAA, 6.5% (4/62) had phosphate solubilizing activities and 4.8% (3/62) possessed potassium releasing activities. [Conclusion] Abundant culturable endophytic diazotrophic bacteria existed in flue-cured tobacco and showed a potential application prospect.
ObservationalRequirements forGlobal-ScaleOcean ClimateAnalysis : Lessons fromOceanStateEstimation

P. Heimbach , G. Forget , R.M. Ponte , C. Wunsch , M. Balmaseda , and (in alphabetical order): T. Awaji, J. Baehr, D. Behringer, J. Carton, N. Ferry, A. Fischer, I. Fukumori, B. Giese, K. Haines, E. Harrison, F. Hernandez, M. Kamachi, C. Keppenne, A. Köhl, T. Lee, D. Menemenlis, P. Oke, E. Remy, M. Rienecker, A. Rosati, D. Smith, K. Speer, D. Stammer, A. Weaver aMIT, Cambridge, MA, USA bAER, Lexington, MA, USA cECMWF, Reading, UK
N-acetyl cysteine erases cellular damage and oxidative stress by PMMA on oral epithelial cells

Introduction: Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) resin has a concern about induction of irritant contact inflammation or allergic reaction on oral mucosa in association with oxidative stress. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), an antioxidant amino acid derivative, alleviates cytotoxicity of resin materials. The purpose of this study was to investigate if incorporation of NAC into self-curing PMMA resin eliminates cellular damage and oxidative stress of the extracts on cultured oral mucosal epithelial cells. Material and methods: A rat or human oral mucosal epithelial confluent monolayer culture on polystyrene was incubated with Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium–Nutrient Mixture F-12 or oral keratinocyte medium with or without extracts from commercial self-curing PMMA-based dental resin with or without pre-incorporation of NAC. Cell structure damage and invasion of foreign matter into cells were evaluated on day 1 in rat cell cultures by quantification of attached cell number, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, amount of E-cadherin, intracellular formaldehyde and lysosomal levels. Status of oxidative stress and inflammation were evaluated on day 1 in human cell culture by quantification of levels of intracellular total and oxidized glutathione and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and multiplex immunoassay for proinflammatory cytokine release. Formaldehyde content and 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capability in the extracts were measured to evaluate their degree of substance elution and antioxidant ability. Results: Rat epithelial monolayers cultured in media with PMMA extracts showed marked increases in LDH release, intracellular formaldehyde and lysosomal levels, and reductions in attached cell number and amount of E-cadherin compared with those in culture without the extracts, which were alleviated or prevented by pre-incorporation of NAC into the PMMA co-polymer. Human oral mucosal epithelial monolayer culture with PMMA extracts was higher in intracellular ROS levels and lower in total and oxidized glutathione content than the culture without the extracts. In contrast,
PRIMAT: A Toolbox for Fast Privacy-preserving Matching

Privacy-preserving record linkage (PPRL) is increasingly demanded in real-world applications, e.g., in the health-care domain, to combine person-related data for data analysis while preserving the privacy of individuals. However, the adoption of PPRL is hampered by the absence of easy-to-use and powerful PPRL tools covering the entire PPRL process. We therefore demonstrate Primat , a ﬂexible and scalable tool that enables the deﬁnition and application of tailored PPRL workﬂows as well as the comparative evaluation of diﬀerent PPRL methods. We introduce the main requirements for PPRL tools and discuss previous tool eﬀorts that do not fully meet the requirements and have not been applied in practice. By contrast, Primat covers the whole PPRL life-cycle and improves applicability by providing various components for data owners and the central linkage to be executed by a trusted linkage unit.
NMT 3 a expression pattern and its prognostic value in lung denocarcinoma

Objectives: DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) are an important part of the methylation pathway that is highly correlated with the pathophysiology of cancers. Several studies have reported overexpression of DNMTs in human lung cancer, but none have compared the expression pattern to pathological features. In this study, we clarified the association of DNMT3a expression pattern with pathological features and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma. Materials and methods: 135 cases of surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma specimens were used for DNMT3a immunohistochemistry (IHC). IHC score was determined by counting the number of positive nuclei. The ROC curve was drawn to determine the best cut-off point of the score; this was set at 57.5. Western blot also implemented and confirmed the specificity of the antibody. Correlations between expression pattern and clinicopathological features and prognosis were analyzed using chi-squared method and Cox proportional hazards model respectively. Result: Seventy-nine of the 135 cases (58.5%) showed strong positive reactivity to anti-DNMT3a. In terms of histological subtypes, among invasive lung adenocarcinomas 41 out of 53 lepidic adenocarcinomas (77%) were strongly positive, while among the other histological subtypes only 23 out of 66 cases (34.8%) showed a positive reaction. Among non-invasive lung adenocarcinomas 15 out of 16 cases (93.8%) were strongly positive. The level of DNMT3a expression was associated with patient outcome, and patients with weak expression of DNMT3a had a poorer outcome than those with strong expression. Multivariate analysis also indicated that DNMT3a is an independent prognostic marker in lung adenocarcinoma. Conclusion: Our results indicate that DNMT3a expression in lung adenocarcinoma is associated with the histologically non-invasive type and lepidic subtype, and a favorable prognosis. We also showed that DNMT3a expression is an independent prognostic marker in lung adenocarcinoma. Since lack of DNMT3a is thought to facilitate tumor progression, DNMT3a might be clinically applicable as an indicator of favorable prognosis.
Bose-Einstein Condensation of Magnetic Excitons in Semiconductor Quantum

Boţan, V. 2006. Bose-Einstein Condensation of Magnetic Excitons in Semiconductor Quantum Wells. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 211. 67 pp. Uppsala. ISBN 91-554-6636-2 In this thesis regimes of quantum degeneracy of electrons and holes in semiconductor quantum wells in a strong magnetic field are studied theoretically. The coherent pairing of electrons and holes results in the formation of Bose-Einstein condensate of magnetic excitons in a singleparticle state with wave vector K. We show that correlation effects due to coherent excitations drastically change the properties of excitonic gas, making possible the formation of a novel metastable state of dielectric liquid phase with positive compressibility consisting of condensed magnetoexcitons with finite momentum. On the other hand, virtual transitions to excited Landau levels cause a repulsive interaction between excitons with zero momentum, and the ground state of the system in this case is a Bose condensed gas of weakly repulsive excitons. We introduce explicitly the damping rate of the exciton level and show that three different phases can be realized in a single quantum well depending on the exciton density: excitonic dielectric liquid surrounded by weakly interacting gas of condensed excitons versus metallic electron-hole liquid. In the double quantum well system the phase transition from the excitonic dielectric liquid phase to the crystalline state of electrons and holes is predicted with the increase of the interwell separation and damping rate. We used a framework of Green’s function to investigate the collective elementary excitations of the system in the presence of Bose-Einstein condensate, introducing "anomalous" twoparticle Green’s functions and symmetry breaking terms into the Hamiltonian. The analytical solution of secular equation was obtained in the Hartree-Fock approximation and energy spectra were calculated. The Coulomb interactions in the system results in a multiple-branch structure of the collective excitations energy spectrum. Systematic classification of the branches is proposed, and the condition of the stability of the condensed excitonic phase is discussed.
EXTENDED PARTICLE DIFFERENCE METHOD FOR SOLVING THE STEFAN PROBLEM

An Extended Particle Difference Method (EPDM) for solving the Stefan problem is presented in this study. The EPDM is a strongly formulated particle method to inherit the merits of the Finite Difference Method and the Particle Method. It is equipped with the extended particle derivative approximation that is derived by using Taylor series expanded by the Moving Least Squares method [1]. It employs neither grid structure for the construction of approximation function nor cell structure for the integration of weak form. Any cause, which might lessen the merits of particle method like nodal computation or degenerate computational efficiency, is removed in advance. The partial differential equations for Stefan problem are directly discretized to generate difference equations by using an implicit scheme; time integration of the energy conservation equation is carried out by Backward Euler scheme. However, the update of topology change of moving boundary is done by an explicit scheme. Furthermore, it involves no additional interface evolving scheme like Level Set Method [2] that makes the total system more complicated because the kinetics relation of fusion boundary is already immersed in the extended particle derivative approximation. Actually, this aspect adds some more computational efficiency to the method. As a result, assembling the difference equations yields a linear algebraic system. The EPDM successfully traces the topology change of fusion boundary due to phase transformation without burdensome grid or mesh operation and effectively circumvents the difficulties from which the conventional particle methods suffered. Also, compared to the conventional Finite Element Method, the aforementioned aspect can be thought as an outperforming aspect in solving Stefan problem. The accuracy and efficiency of the EPDM in simulating complex topology change in 2-D Stefan problem are clearly shown from various numerical experiments.
Time series clustering

Due to its specificity, time series clustering remains an open problem. Questions like measuring the difference between two time series and computing means are indeed crucial if one wants to be insensitive to time warping. In this paper, we present a survey of main clustering techniques and discuss about the possibilities to adapt them to time series. Then we will run experiments on each of these techniques and try to compare their performances.
Text extraction technique applied to plagiarism detection : The semantic analysis of statements for analyzing the writing style

Detecting the plagiarized data is of most concern to research organizations, industries and educational institutions on the computational systems for such a task has become important. Existing methods for detection of plagiarized document compute the similarity of document-to-document basis. We proposed system that will do text mining, exploring the use of keywords and semantic analysis of statements as a feature for analyzing a document. The main goal is to analyze the statements and keywords, looking for segments of the document that is written by other authors. This is considered as a semantic analysis using keyword based statement analysis where paragraphs with unique in style. This approach does work on the use of keywords and semantic analysis of statements, so it is do not require any language specifications. We feel that this feature shows improvement in this area. It will achieve tremendous results compared to existing models. Keywords-Plagiarized, semantic analysis, text extraction
EFFECT OF Bacillus subtilis BASED MICRROBIALS ON PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF SUGAR BEET ( Beta vulgaris L . ) PLANTS INFECTED WITH Alternaria

Phytopathogenic Alternaria fungi are economically important causative agents of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaf diseases which significantly reduce root yield and quality. Promising agents for plant disease biocontrol are Bacillus subtilis based biologicals due to the ability to stimulate plant growth and immunity to many biotic stressors. Starting our experiments, we could not find publications on B. subtilis effects towards physiological parameters of sugar beet plants affected by Alternaria. This paper is the first to report that B. subtilis-based biologicals including novel Bashkirian isolate B. subtilis 10-4 prevent a decrease in leaf photosynthetic activity in sugar beet plants affected by A. alternata, activate hydrolytic enzyme inhibitors, suppress proline production, and increase sugar content in roots. Our objective was to estimate effects of Fitosporin-M, Vitaplan, and endophytic strain B. subtilis 10-4 on leaf photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids), leaf area index, activity of hydrolases (proteases and amylases) and their inhibitors, as well as proline and sugar levels in leaves, root level of sucrose, and productivity in healthy plants as compared to those artificially infected with A. alternata. Our results show that Vitaplan, Fitosporin-M and strain B. subtilis 10-4 when used twice increase the concentrations of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids) 1.2-1.9-fold in healthy plants whereas a decrease in photosynthetic activity in A. alternata-infected plants is 1.2-1.5 times lower, the leaf area is 30 % higher and leaf weight increases 1.8-2.9 times compared to the untreated plants. A. alternata infection increased the activity of hydrolases (proteinase, amylase) and suppressed their inhibitors, which indicates the intensive development of the pathogen and a decrease in plant resistance to enzymes produced by pathogen during plant tissue colonization. On contrary, biologicals suppress hydrolases and increase activity of their inhibitors both in infected and healthy leaves, which points out to the induction of protective reactions against A. alternata in plants. Interestingly, B. subtilis 10-4 and Fitosporin-M ensure the maximum activation of protective proteins. Furthermore, biologicals decrease stress-induced accumulation of proline and sugar, the markers of plant resistance to extremal factors in plants, which is in line with protective effect as well. Also, proline and sugar levels slightly elevated in healthy plants treated with the biologicals, which accentuate the role of these substances in induced resistance to A. alternata. Ultimately, larger roots with higher sucrose content confirm the positive effect of the used biologicals among which Fitosporin-M and strain B. subtilis 10-4 provide the maximum effect.
Robust H∞ Consensus Control for Linear Discrete-Time Swarm Systems with Parameter Uncertainties and Time-Varying Delays

Robust H∞ consensus control problems of linear swarm systems with parameter uncertainties and time-varying delays are investigated. In this literature, a linear consensus protocol for high-order discrete-time swarm systems is proposed. Firstly, the robust H∞ consensus control problem of discrete-time swarm systems is transformed into a robust H∞ control problem of a set of independent uncertain systems. Secondly, sufficient linear matrix inequality conditions for robust H∞ consensus analysis of discrete-time swarm systems are given by the stability theory, and a H∞ performance level γ is determined meanwhile. Thirdly, the convergence result is derived as a final consensus value of swarm systems. Finally, numerical examples are presented to demonstrate theoretical results.
LANDOWNERS ' PERCEPTIONS OF CROP DAMAGE AND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES RELATED TO BLACK BEARS IN EAST-CENTRAL MINNESOTA

We mailed surveys to landowners in east-central Minnesota to evaluate their perceptions of black bears (Ursus americanus), crop damage caused by bears, and management strategies to mitigate damage. The survey area had more bear-related crop damage than any other part of the state. Respondents (n = 281) indicated that crop damage from white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) exceeded that from bears, but they tolerated bear damage less. Fifty-five percent of the respondents growing field corn, oats, and sweet corn, the crops most frequently damaged by bears (in that order), said they previously experienced crop loss from bears and 50% reported having bear-damaged crops in 1991, the year prior to our survey. Respondents estimated an average annual bear-related loss of 11 % of their corn and oats, valued (in total for all respondents) at $63,000. Direct measurements of damaged fields indicated that survey respondents accurately reported the percent of farms with damage, but they overestimated the amount of damage. Respondents who had experienced damage were more likely to perceive an increase in bear numbers and bear-related crop loss. In actions aimed specifically to reduce bear populations and hence crop damage, the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (DNR) abolished a quota on bear hunting licenses in this area in 1987 and established a means for hunters to kill nuisance bears before the bear hunting season. Targeted hunting of depredating bears was viewed by survey respondents as the most effective damage control measure, especially among those who had experienced crop loss. Most respondents who said they had previously reported damage to a management agency were satisfied with the help that they received, even though agency assistance was generally limited to finding a hunter to kill the bears or to a discussion about bear ecology and the inefficacies of dealing with crop damage.
Molecular docking studies on JNK inhibitors at the allosteric JNK – JIP interaction site

This study presents alternatives to a previously described binding model for a novel class of nitrothiazole inhibitors of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK). In these models, the conformational flexibility of the protein structure has been incorporated to accommodate the ligand in the allosteric site while it forms physically strong hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic enclosure interactions with the amino acid residues of the binding site. Moreover, unlike in the previously reported model, these interactions take place without any physically meaningless stereochemical short contacts. The present models could potentially serve as a new basis for the design of potent and selective JNK ligands.
RF MAGNETRON SPUTTERING OF GALLIUM NITRIDE ( GaN ) ON SAPPHIRE SUBSTRATE

The aim of this study is to determine the morphological properties and structure of GaN thin films deposited by RF magnetron sputtering grown on Al2O3 (0001). Moreover, it is crucial to find the most appropriate deposition conditions which lead to defect free GaN films. In pursuit of understanding the role of the epitaxial strain on the microstructural and morphological properties and the influence of the chemical composition of the target on GaN deposited films, different characterization methods are used. Atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy are used for surface characterization and high-resolution X-ray diffraction is used for microstructural analysis of samples.
Affective Ties That Bind: Investigating the Affordances of Social Networking Sites for Commemoration of Traumatic Events

Social networking sites (SNSs) facilitate self-expression and promote social connections. There has been growing scholarly attention to the affect-charged collectivities created online in the aftermath of disasters and mass traumas. This study was designed to examine how individuals affiliate in SNS-based commemoration of a mass trauma, taking advantage of a large Weibo (the Chinese equivalent of Twitter) data set which captures users’ responses over 4 years to the anniversary of the Nanjing massacre, a major traumatic event in Chinese history. Machine learning–based content analysis was combined with dyadic-level network analysis to examine the content Weibo users create and the conversational structures they formed. The results reveal that homophily, geographic proximity, and preferential attachment work in tandem with displays of emotion to influence the formation of online conversational ties. Expressions of negative emotions were found to facilitate or inhibit the homophily effect. Being exposed to the display of anger amplifies the homophily effect among the users, while sadness weakens it. The findings point to the importance of examining specific emotions rather than global (positive–negative) feelings in understanding the dynamics of SNS-based interaction.