Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influences of Selenium-Enriched Yeast on Growth Performance, Immune Function, and Antioxidant Capacity in Weaned Pigs Exposure to Oxidative Stress

This study elucidated the function role of dietary selenium-enriched yeast (SeY) supplementation on growth performance, immune function, and antioxidant capacity in weaned pigs exposure to oxidative stress. Thirty-two similarity weight pigs were randomly divided into four treatments: (1) nonchallenged control, (2) control+SeY, (3) control+diquat, and (4) control+SeY+diquat. The period of experiment was 21 days; on day 16, pigs were injected with diquat or sterile saline. Results revealed that oxidative stress was notably detrimental to the growth performance of piglets, but SeY supplementation ameliorated this phenomenon, which might be regarding the increasing of body antioxidant capacity and immune functions. In details, SeY supplementation improved the digestibility of crude protein (CP), ash, and gross energy (GE). Moreover, the serum concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(GPT), and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) were reduced via SeY supplemented, and serum concentrations of immunoglobulins A (IgA), IgG, and activities of antioxidant enzymes such as the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) ,and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were improved in the diquat-challenged pigs (P < 0.05). In addition, SeY supplementation acutely enhanced the activities of these antioxidant enzymes in the liver and thymus upon diquat challenge, which involved with the upregulation of the critical genes related antioxidant signaling such as the nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) (P < 0.05). Importantly, we also found that SeY supplementation apparently reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in the liver, thymus, and serum (P < 0.05). Specifically, the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the liver and thymus were downregulated by SeY upon diquat challenge. These results suggested that SeY can attenuate oxidative stress-induced growth retardation, which was associated with elevating body antioxidant capacity, immune functions, and suppressed inflammatory response.
Prevalence of Strabismus and Its Associated Factors Among School-Age Children Living in Bahir Dar City: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction Strabismus is a manifest deviation of the eye that exceeds the control of the fusional mechanism so that the eyes are misaligned under binocular conditions. Its prevalence reaches from 0.7% to 5% globally and 1.5% to 17.9% in Ethiopia. Objective This study aimed to assess the prevalence of strabismus and its associated factors among school-age children living in Bahir Dar city. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 15 to May 25, 2019, in Bahir Dar city and a total of 632 participants were recruited using a multistage sampling technique. The data were collected with a face-to-face interview, Snellen acuity, prisms, pen torch, portable slit lamp, and ophthalmoscope. The collected data were entered into Epi Info version 7 and transposed to statistical package for social science version 20 for formal statistical analysis. Frequency (percentage), mean (standard deviation), tables and graphs were used to present the summary statistics. All variables with a p-value of less than 0.2 in bi-variable logistic regression were entered into multiple logistic regression and variables with a p-value of less than 0.05 were taken as significantly associated with strabismus. The strength of association between variables was shown with an odds ratio and a 95% confidence interval. Results A total of 611 children participated with a response rate of 96.7% and a mean age of 12.3 (±3.25). The prevalence of strabismus was 31 (5.0%), 95% CI: (3.45, 6.97). Family history of strabismus (AOR= 3.9 (95% CI: 1.71, 11.22)), hyperopia ≥ +3.00 diopters sphere (AOR=5.3 (95% CI: 2.01, 10.77)), and not with exclusive breastfeeding (AOR= 2.9 (95% CI: 1.14, 4.71)) were the only risk factors found for strabismus. Conclusion The prevalence of strabismus was 5% among children living in Bahr Dar city. A family history of strabismus, not with exclusive breastfeeding, and hyperopia ≥ +3.00 diopters sphere were associated with strabismus.
Detection of Tetracycline and Sulfonamide Group of Antibiotics Residue in Honey using UPLC-MS/MS

Honey besides its marvelous view has an important place in the history of humanbeing due to possessing vitamins, enzymes, minerals, amino acids, it is a valuable food with a rich nutrition source and nutritive ingredient. Most important distinctive feature of honey from other sugary product is that it has natural sugars. Due to unspoiled structure of honey bearing nitrous value of hundreds of plants and flowers it very valuable food and natural cure source for hundreds of years of humanity [1]. Sulfonamides and tetracyclines are antibiotics used for bee illnesses. They are detected in 1997 and after this time it was very issue of contamination risk for honey and it became a commercial product requiring complicated analysis. Hence nowadays drug use in apiculture is very critical subject of consumers and food control authority [3]. All honey samples are analyzed with this developed method for the detection of Tetracycline group antibiotics residue (Chlorotetracycline, Oxytetracycline, Tetracycline, Doxycycline andepicompounds) and Sulfonamide group antibioticsresidue (Sulfacetamide, Sulfachloropyridazine, Sulfadiazine, Sulfabenzamide, Sulfadimethoxine, Sulfadoxine, Sulfameter, Sulfamethazine (Sulfadimidin ), Sulfamethoxazole, Sulfanilamide, Sulfathiazole, Sulfisoxazole ) WatersAcquity Ultra Performance LC andXevo TQ-S MS/MS System were used in the analysis.Waters C18 Acquity UPLC 1.7 µm 2.1 x 100 mm coloumn and mobile phase 1% acetic acids in water and methanol were used [2]. Firstly, honey was treated with oxalic acid for hydrolysis of glycoside bond for 3 hours. And then hydrolysis was terminated and filtered from 0. 2µm filter and injected to instrument.
Cultures of Practice: Specialty-Specific Differences in End-of-Life Conversations

Importance: Goals of care discussions at the end of life give opportunity to affirm the autonomy and humanity of dying patients. Best practices exist for communication around goals of care, but there is no research on differences in approach taken by different specialties engaging these conversations. Objective: To describe the communication practices of internal medicine (IM), emergency medicine (EM), and critical care (CC) physicians in a high-fidelity simulation of a terminally ill patient with stable and defined end-of-life preferences. Design, Setting, and Participants: Mixed-methods secondary analysis of transcripts obtained from a multicenter study simulating high stakes, time-limited end-of-life decision making in a cohort of 88 volunteer physicians (27 IM, 22 EM, and 39 CC) who were called to evaluate a standardized patient in extremis. The patient had clear comfort-oriented goals of care that the physician needed to elicit and use to inform treatment decisions. Discussions were coded at the level of the sentence for semantic content. Exposures: Data were analyzed by physician specialty. Main Outcome Measure: Occurrence of content codes indicative of prudent (right outcome by the right means) goals of care conversations. Data were analyzed both for number of occurrences of the code in a simulated conversation and for presence or absence of the code within a conversation. Results: There was no difference between physician types in intubation rates or intensive care unit admissions. Codes for “comfort as a goal of care,” “noncurative goals of care,” and “oblique references to death” emerged as significantly different between physician types. Conclusions and Relevance: This experiment shows demonstrable differences in practice patterns between physician specialties when addressing end-of-life decision making. Some of the variation likely arose from differences in setting, but these data suggest that training in goals of care conversations may benefit if it is adapted to the distinct needs and culture of each specialty.
Discovery of TMPRSS2 Inhibitors from Virtual Screening as a Potential Treatment of COVID-19

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has prompted researchers to pivot their efforts to finding antiviral compounds and vaccines. In this study, we focused on the human host cell transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), which plays an important role in the viral life cycle by cleaving the spike protein to initiate membrane fusion. TMPRSS2 is an attractive target and has received attention for the development of drugs against SARS and MERS. Starting with comparative structural modeling and binding model analysis, we developed an efficient pharmacophore-based approach and applied a large-scale in silico database screening for small molecule inhibitors against TMPRSS2. The hits were evaluated in the TMPRSS2 biochemical assay and the SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped particle (PP) entry assay. A number of novel inhibitors were identified, providing starting points for further development of drug candidates for the treatment of COVID-19.
The Role of Oxidative Stress in Hyperuricemia and Xanthine Oxidoreductase (XOR) Inhibitors

Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism in humans. Hyperuricemia is a metabolic disease caused by the increased formation or reduced excretion of serum uric acid (SUA). Alterations in SUA homeostasis have been linked to a number of diseases, and hyperuricemia is the major etiologic factor of gout and has been correlated with metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, and renal disease. Oxidative stress is usually defined as an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in our body and is considered to be one of the main causes of cell damage and the development of disease. Studies have demonstrated that hyperuricemia is closely related to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the human body, xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) catalyzes the oxidative hydroxylation of hypoxanthine to xanthine to uric acid, with the accompanying production of ROS. Therefore, XOR is considered a drug target for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of uric acid transport and the development of hyperuricemia, emphasizing the role of oxidative stress in the occurrence and development of hyperuricemia. We also summarize recent advances and new discoveries in XOR inhibitors.
The Potential Safe Antifibrotic Effect of Stem Cell Conditioned Medium and Nilotinib Combined Therapy by Selective Elimination of Rat Activated HSCs

Hepatic fibrosis is a progressive disease with serious clinical complications that arise from abnormal propagation and activation of multiple inflammatory pathways. Nilotinib is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor with antifibrotic activity. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are blank cells and can differentiate into specific cell types. They have the potential to repair and regenerate cells. MSCs have a special paracrine fashion where they produce special exosomes, microvesicles, and cytokines like IL-6, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and HGF as well as hepatic stellate cell suppressors. This paracrine fashion can decrease collagen deposition, enhance antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and angiogenic activity in vitro and in vivo. In our study, the rat's hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in addition to different normal cell lines were treated with Nilotinib alone and in combination with liver mesenchymal stem cells conditioned medium (LMSCs-CM) for 24 h. Mono and combined therapy antifibrotic and cytotoxicity effects were evaluated using different parameters including α-SMA, cytochrome c, P53 expression, collagen deposition, DNA content, oxidative stress parameters, cell viability, and apoptosis by flow cytometry analysis. Our results showed that Nilotinib and LMSCs-CM in combination had a significantly potent antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory effect on activated hepatic stellate cells than Nilotinib alone; otherwise, this combination showed the best safety with minimal cytotoxicity on different normal cell lines.
One-Pot Reducing Agent-Free Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles/Nitrocellulose Composite Surface Coating with Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities

Nitrocellulose with silver nanoparticle (AgNP/NC) composite was prepared in situ using Ag(CH3CO2) and nitrocellulose without any reducing agent. The composite materials synthesized were spray coated onto glass substrates to obtain thin films. The AgNPs/NC composites were characterized by ultraviolet-visible, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The antimicrobial activity of AgNPs/NC composite was investigated by tube method and time-kill kinetic studies against three microbial species, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231). The antibiofilm activities were qualitatively determined against all three organisms. Prepared AgNPs/NC films exhibited good antimicrobial activity and significant inhibition of biofilm development against all three microbial species. The effective dispersion of AgNPs/NC in biofilm was responsible for the significant antibiofilm activity of the prepared material. The reported AgNPs/NC composite can be used as coating additive in bacteriocidal paint which can be applied onto surfaces such as in healthcare environments.
Cheerios Effect Inspired Microbubbles as Suspended and Adhered Oral Delivery Systems

Oral drug administration has an important role in medical treatment. Attempts to develop drug microcarriers with desired features for extended duration and improved absorption is highly sought. Herein, inspired by the physical phenomenon of the Cheerios effect, a novel microfluidic electrospray microbubble carrier is presented that can suspend and actively adhere to the stomach for durable oral delivery. Compared with conventional fabrication methods, the present strategy shows stability and controllability of the product. Benefiting from their uniform hollow structure, the resultant microbubbles present the same behavior of the Cheerios and can float in the gastric juice, adhere and remain to the stomach wall, which thus enhance the duration and absorption of the loaded drugs. Based on these, it is demonstrated as a proof of concept that the dexamethasone‐loaded hollow microbubbles can be applied to oral administration and remain suspended and adhered to the stomach of murine for more than 1 d, showing good therapeutic effect in treating lupus erythematosus. Thus, it is believed that the microbubbles floating system will find important values in long‐term oral administration.
Lessons Learned after Iatrogenic Complete Transection of the Right Common Carotid Artery with Segmental Vessel Loss

Carotid arterial injuries occur in 5-6% of persons with penetrating trauma. Complete transection is rare in civilian practice and is most often due to penetrating injuries. Complete transection as an iatrogenic complication is rare. We present a case where we were required to repair a complete transection of the carotid artery with segmental loss which occurred as an iatrogenic complication during thyroidectomy. We could find no previous reports of this type of iatrogenic complication. The lessons learned during the management of this case were the following: (1) surgeons should call for help early, (2) a multidisciplinary approach ensures that all options are considered, (3) adhere to surgical principles of proximal and distal control, (4) always use atraumatic clamps to control vessels, and (5) flow restoration should be attempted, leaving carotid ligation as the last resort.
Diabetes clinic reinvented: will technology change the future of diabetes care?

Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects nearly 463 million people globally and involves multiple co-morbid conditions that require effective treatment and continuous management. These include lifestyle and behavioral modifications, compliance to diabetes medications and close patient monitoring, all of which can be efficiently conducted via telehealth. Integrating digital technology of telehealth and mobile health into diabetes care may improve diabetes management and increase its efficiency. In this review, we examine recent advances in healthcare technology of diabetes. Moreover, we present an example of a comprehensive virtual diabetes clinic, the “Joslin HOME,” as an innovative digital ecosystem for future application in diabetes care. This model utilizes digital health technology and comprises frequent short visits with easy two-way scheduling, focused documentation and simple billing methods. In this new model, a multidisciplinary team is connected with their patients using telehealth and mobile health to overcome the barriers of distance and location. It may possibly extend quality diabetes care to remote, underserved or rural areas.
Functional Analysis of DNMT1 SNPs (rs2228611 and rs2114724) Associated with Schizophrenia

A recent study showed the association of minor alleles of rs2228611 (T allele) and rs2114724 (T allele) of DNMT1 with schizophrenia (SZ) and suggested their effects on splicing of the transcripts. We performed a replication study using 310 controls and 304 SZ patients and confirmed the association of the homozygous minor allele genotypes with SZ (P = 0.04 for rs2114724 and P = 0.007 for rs2228611). This significant association persisted after Bonferroni correction when the previously published data of 301 controls and 325 patients were also considered (P ≤ 0.0002). In addition, we found that the proportion of male patients with homozygous minor alleles at rs2114724 was significantly higher than that of females (P = 0.002). When haplotype analysis of both loci was performed, we observed a significant association of T/T–T/T and T/T–C/T (P = 0.04) haplotypes with SZ. To gain insights into the functional effects of the two SNPs on the levels of DNMT1 transcripts, quantitative real-time PCR experiments were performed using peripheral blood monocytes from 10 individuals each with T/T–T/T (homozygous minor allele), C/T–C/T (heterozygous), and C/C–C/C (homozygous major allele) haplotypes. Independently, the levels of DNMT1 protein were also compared in three individuals each by immunofluorescence. These results suggest that neither DNMT1 transcript nor the protein levels were significantly different in the peripheral blood monocytes among the individuals studied for the three groups. Taken together, our results confirm that the two minor alleles in homozygosity are associated with SZ but with no discernible effects on transcript or protein levels of DNMT1 in the peripheral blood monocytes of the small number of samples tested.
Integrative analysis identifies an immune-relevant epigenetic signature for prognostication of non-G-CIMP glioblastomas

ABSTRACT The clinical and molecular implications of DNA methylation alterations remain unclear among the majority of glioblastomas (GBMs) without glioma-CpGs island methylator phenotype (G-CIMP); integrative multi-level molecular profiling may provide useful information. Independent cohorts of non-G-CIMP GBMs or IDH wild type (wt) lower-grade gliomas (LGGs) from local and public databases with DNA methylation and gene expression microarray data were included for discovery and validation of a multimarker signature, combined using a RISK score model. Bioinformatic and in vitro functional analyses were employed for biological validation. Using a strict multistep selection approach, we identified eight CpGs, each of which was significantly correlated with overall survival (OS) of non-G-CIMP GBMs, independent of age, the O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation status, treatments and other identified CpGs. An epigenetic RISK signature of the 8 CpGs was developed and validated to robustly and independently prognosticate prognosis in different cohorts of not only non-G-GIMP GBMs, but also IDHwt LGGs. It also showed good discriminating value in stratified cohorts by current clinical and molecular factors. Bioinformatic analysis revealed consistent correlation of the epigenetic signature to distinct immune-relevant transcriptional profiles of GBM bulks. Functional experiments showed that S100A2 appeared to be epigenetically regulated by one identified CpG and was associated with GBM cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration and immunosuppression. The prognostic 8-CpGs RISK score signature may be of promising value for refining current glioma risk classification, and its potential links to distinct immune phenotypes make it a promising biomarker candidate for predicting response to anti-glioma immunotherapy.
Efficient combination of Human Papillomavirus Genotyping for the triage of women with Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance in Chinese rural population: A population-based study

Objective: In this prospective, population-based study, we evaluated the utility of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) genotyping for triaging women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) in the Chinese rural area. Methods: A total of 40,000 women were recruited from rural areas of Shanxi Province, China, between June 2014 and December 2014. Women with Pap results of ASC-US underwent HPV genotyping, colposcopy and histopathological examination. For those with normal cervixes or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1 on the initial evaluation, a 2-year follow-up study was performed. Results: The reporting rate of ASC-US was 5.76% (2,304/40,000) in the study population. The detection rates of CIN 2 or above (CIN2+) and CIN 3 or above (CIN3+) in women with ASC-US were 7.28% and 1.75%, respectively. HPV 16 (39.53%), HPV 58 (17.83%), and HPV 52 (15.50%) were the three most prevalent HR-HPV genotypes among all women with ASC-US cytology. The five most common HR-HPV genotypes in CIN3+ lesions were HPV16, HPV58, HPV33, HPV31 and HPV18. Compared with the 15 HR-HPV testing, genotyping for a combination of HPV16/18/31/33/58 increased specificity significantly with virtually no loss of sensitivity for detecting CIN2+ and CIN3+ lesions, as well as significantly reduced colposcopy referral rate (23.15% vs 33.70%, p<0.01). In addition, in the 2-year follow-up period, women with infection of HPV16, 18, 31, 33 or 58 genotypes were the most likely population (92%, 23/25) to develop CIN2 lesion. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that genotyping for a combination of HPV16/18/31/33/58 provides a more efficient and cost-effective model to risk-stratify women with ASC-US in the Chinese rural population.