Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differential Actions of Antiparkinson Agents at Multiple Classes of Monoaminergic Receptor. II. Agonist and Antagonist Properties at Subtypes of Dopamine D 2 -Like Receptor and (cid:1) 1 / (cid:1) 2 -Adrenoceptor

The accompanying multivariate analysis of the binding profiles of antiparkinson agents revealed contrasting patterns of affinities at diverse classes of monoaminergic receptor. Herein, we charac- terized efficacies at human (h)D 2SHORT(S) , hD 2LONG(L) , hD 3 , and hD 4.4 receptors and at h (cid:1) 2A -, h (cid:1) 2B -, h (cid:1) 2C -, and h (cid:1) 1A -adrenocep- tors (ARs). As determined by guanosine 5 (cid:1) - O -(3-[ 35 S]thio)triphos-phate ([ 35 S]GTP (cid:2) S) binding, no ligand displayed “full” efficacy relative to dopamine (100%) at all “D 2 -like” sites. However, at hD 2S receptors quinpirole, pramipexole, ropinirole, quinerolane, pergolide, and cabergoline were as efficacious as dopamine ( E max (cid:3) 100%); TL99, talipexole, and apomorphine were highly ef- ficacious (79–92%); piribedil, lisuride, bromocriptine, and
Geoscience visualization with GPU programming

In recent years, off-the-shelf graphics cards have provided the ability to program the graphics processing unit (GPU) as an alternative to using fixed function pipelines. We believe that this capability can enable a new paradigm in geoscience data visualization. In the past, the geoscience data preparation, interpretation, and simulation were all done by the central processing unit (CPU), and then the generated graphics primitives were fed into a GPU for visualization. This approach was dictated by the constraints imposed by the general-purpose graphics application programming interfaces (APIs). With GPU programming, this front-end processing can be done in the GPU and visualized immediately. After passing the geometry data into the GPU, parameters can be used to control these processes inside the GPU. The different algorithms associated with these processes can be applied at run time by loading a new shading program. To prove this concept, we designed and implemented Java-based shader classes, which operate on top of Cg, a high-level language for graphics programming. These shader classes load Cg shaders to provide a new method for visualizing and interacting with geoscience data. The results from this approach show better visual quality for seismic data display and dramatically improved performance for large 3D seismic data sets. For editing geological surfaces, tests demonstrate performance levels 10 times faster than the typical approach. This paper describes the use of these shaders and presents the results of shader application to geoscience data visualization.
A Technology Enabled Framework for Dynamic Allocation of the Radio Frequency Spectrum

This paper outlines a dynamic spectrum allocation framework that will mitigate the shortage of spectrum by enabling more efficient sharing of this critical resource. This approach involves coordinated activities on three fronts: technology, policy, and strategy. First, the approach capitalizes on emerging radio technologies to increase the utilization of each spectrum allocation. Applicable technologies include per-packet adaptable radios, software-defined radios (SDR), layered radio architectures, and spatial diversity through advanced antennas. Second, spectrum management policy will play an important role in motivating radio developers to create and field the requisite technologies. Such “technologyenabling” policy may significantly differ from the management policies in place today. Third, the authors believe that the long-term solution to the spectrum shortage can only be solved with a well planned, coordinated, strategic vision. Such a vision might best be captured in the form of a National Strategic Spectrum Roadmap. It is the authors’ belief that together, technology, policy, and strategy can address the pressing spectrum shortage and “unblock” the spectrum.
Industry Competencies and the Optimal Hospitality Management Curriculum: An Empirical Study

ABSTRACT The purposes of this study were to investigate hospitality managers’ perceptions of the skills and knowledge of hospitality students and compare them to U.S. hospitality management undergraduate curricula. The responses of 206 surveyed managers who rated the importance of 19 skill/knowledge items were used for the analysis. To identify program skill/knowledge sets, we selected curricula from 20 leading U.S. hospitality programs and compared them to the survey results. The curriculum inquiry indicated that all programs primarily focused on teaching professional skills for various hospitality concentrations. The results suggest that the emphasis on essential competencies of communication skills and higher learning skills such as critical thinking and problem solving should remain. The current study developed a model summarizing the type of skills/knowledge that are needed from hospitality students to meet the needs of entry-level management. The content analysis results fill the gap between the hospitality education and industry on curriculum and industry requirements.
Web Services using Asynchronous Communication

ABSTRACT Asynchronous interactions are becoming more important in the implementation of complex B2B Web applications. This paper addresses correlation and coordination issues involved with asynchronous Web services, by studying different mechanisms and metadata structures for supporting them; in addition, several interaction patterns for building asynchronous computations are discussed, and the trade-offs between the various patterns are shown. In conclusion, we illustrate the use of asynchronous Web services in the context of some concrete B2B applications. This paper discusses how to build a web services architecture that handles requests and responses as separate transactions. Not all web services work synchronously; in some situations, responses to web service requests are not provided immediately, but rather sometime after the initial request transactions complete. Such asynchronous operations aren't explicitly supported by web services specifications and standards. In some situations, responses to web service requests are not provided immediately, but rather sometime after the initial request transactions complete. Such asynchronous operations aren't explicitly supported by web services specifications and standards; however, those standards do include the infrastructure and mechanisms on which asynchronous operations can be based. In this paper, several design patterns for asynchronous web services are discussed.
HAPLESS13, the Arabidopsis µ1 Adaptin, Is Essential for Protein Sorting at the trans-Golgi Network/Early Endosome1[C][W][OPEN]

HAPLESS13 is the Arabidopsis 1µ adaptin protein and affects multiple developmental and cellular processes by sorting membrane proteins, including auxin and brassinosteroid signaling elements, at the trans-Golgi network/early endosome. In plant cells, secretory and endocytic routes intersect at the trans-Golgi network (TGN)/early endosome (EE), where cargos are further sorted correctly and in a timely manner. Cargo sorting is essential for plant survival and therefore necessitates complex molecular machinery. Adaptor proteins (APs) play key roles in this process by recruiting coat proteins and selecting cargos for different vesicle carriers. The µ1 subunit of AP-1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) was recently identified at the TGN/EE and shown to be essential for cytokinesis. However, little was known about other cellular activities affected by mutations in AP-1 or the developmental consequences of such mutations. We report here that HAPLESS13 (HAP13), the Arabidopsis µ1 adaptin, is essential for protein sorting at the TGN/EE. Functional loss of HAP13 displayed pleiotropic developmental defects, some of which were suggestive of disrupted auxin signaling. Consistent with this, the asymmetric localization of PIN-FORMED2 (PIN2), an auxin transporter, was compromised in the mutant. In addition, cell morphogenesis was disrupted. We further demonstrate that HAP13 is critical for brefeldin A-sensitive but wortmannin-insensitive post-Golgi trafficking. Our results show that HAP13 is a key link in the sophisticated trafficking network in plant cells.
Impaired Activation of Glycogen Synthase in People at Increased Risk for Developing NIDDM

To study whether impaired activation of muscle glycogen synthase represents an early defect in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), we quantitated rates of nonoxidative glucose metabolism and measured activities of glycogen synthase and phosphorylase and concentrations of free glucose and glucose-6-phosphate in muscle biopsies, obtained before and after a euglycemic insulin clamp, in 16 NIDDM patients, 18 first-degree relatives of NIDDM patients, and 16 nondiabetic control subjects. Insulin-stimulated glucose storage (20.1 ± 1.5 and 11.6 ± 1.7 vs. 27.9 ± 1.7 βmol·kg−1 lean body mass [LBM]·min−1 P < 0.01–0.001 [3.6 ± 0.3 and 2.1 ± 0.3 vs. 5.0 ± 0.3 mg·kg−1 LBM·min−1] and glycogen synthase activity, measured at 0.1 mM glucose-6-phosphate concentration (11.3 ± 1.3 and 11.6 ± 1.3 vs. 18.3 ± 2.0 nmol·min−1·mg−1 protein, P < 0.01), were impaired in relatives and diabetic subjects compared with control subjects. Glycogen synthase activity correlated with the rate of glucose storage (r = 0.53, P < 0.001). Glycogen phosphorylase fractional activity did not differ among the groups. Apart from increased intramuscular basal glucose concentrations in NIDDM patients, no consistent differences were observed in free glucose and glucose-6-phosphate concentrations between the groups. We conclude that impaired activation of muscle glycogen synthase by insulin is observed in patients with a genetic risk of developing NIDDM and may represent an early defect in the pathogenesis of NIDDM.
The Impact of Job Satisfaction on Employees’ Loyalty and Commitment: A Comparative Study Among Some Selected Sectors in Ghana

Job satisfaction is one of the vital needs of a most employees in any well-structured organization and vital to all corporate management. It is believed that the prospect business will depend on the level of employees’ satisfactions. The drive of the study is to find whether job satisfaction has impact on the employees’ loyalty and commitment. The study utilized descriptive and exploratory research design. The study population was the entire employees in the selected sectors in Ghana. A total of (150) employee from the mining, financial and manufacturing industries were sampled. Multiple regression analysis was used to predict the unknown value of a variable from the known value of variable also called predictors. According to findings of this study, the model shows a significant and positive relationship, individual factor contribute to the satisfaction but does not have a strong impact on job satisfaction in all sectors. The study again portrayed that, there was at least a positively significant relation between the human resources practices’, job satisfaction and loyalty/commitment in various sectors. The study concluded that job satisfaction showed a significant impact on loyalty and commitment in the manufacturing and mining sector and there was at least significant relationship between the human resource practices, job satisfaction and loyalty/commitment in various sectors which validates the various theories and studies. The study also recommends that, stakeholders of the sectors should pay more attention to employees’ loyalty and commitment as this will enhance the improvement and help survive the current competition within these sectors. Keywords: Ghana, Job satisfaction, Employee’s Loyalty, Commitment.
Securing Economic and Social Rights: Obstacle or Handmaiden to Growth?

Countries that ratify the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights commit to devote the maximum of available resources to progressively realize the economic and social rights (ESRs) enumerated therein. A question arises as to whether countries that do so necessarily grow more slowly and accordingly whether there exists an inter-temporal trade-off between current and future ESR fulfillment. To address this question, we compare countries’ performance on the Index of Social and Economic Rights Fulfillment (the SERF Index) and component right indices with countries’ per capita income growth. Our analysis allows us to look individually at the rights to education, health, housing, food and work as well as overall ESR performance. The results are consistent with two distinct ideas. First, there exist policy contexts in which ESR and economic growth are mutually reinforcing, and second, the most promising path to realizing these synergies entails prioritizing ESR over economic growth.
The CbrA–CbrB two‐component regulatory system controls the utilization of multiple carbon and nitrogen sources in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A novel two‐component system, CbrA–CbrB, was discovered in Pseudomonas aeruginosa;cbrA and cbrB mutants of strain PAO were found to be unable to use several amino acids (such as arginine, histidine and proline), polyamines and agmatine as sole carbon and nitrogen sources. These mutants were also unable to use, or used poorly, many other carbon sources, including mannitol, glucose, pyruvate and citrate. A 7 kb EcoRI fragment carrying the cbrA and cbrB genes was cloned and sequenced. The cbrA and cbrB genes encode a sensor/histidine kinase (Mr 108 379, 983 residues) and a cognate response regulator (Mr 52 254, 478 residues) respectively. The amino‐terminal half (490 residues) of CbrA appears to be a sensor membrane domain, as predicted by 12 possible transmembrane helices, whereas the carboxy‐terminal part shares homology with the histidine kinases of the NtrB family. The CbrB response regulator shows similarity to the NtrC family members. Complementation and primer extension experiments indicated that cbrA and cbrB are transcribed from separate promoters. In cbrA or cbrB mutants, as well as in the allelic argR9901 and argR9902 mutants, the aot–argR operon was not induced by arginine, indicating an essential role for this two‐component system in the expression of the ArgR‐dependent catabolic pathways, including the aruCFGDB operon specifying the major aerobic arginine catabolic pathway. The histidine catabolic enzyme histidase was not expressed in cbrAB mutants, even in the presence of histidine. In contrast, proline dehydrogenase, responsible for proline utilization (Pru), was expressed in a cbrB mutant at a level comparable with that of the wild‐type strain. When succinate or other C4‐dicarboxylates were added to proline medium at 1 mM, the cbrB mutant was restored to a Pru+ phenotype. Such a succinate‐dependent Pru+ property was almost abolished by 20 mM ammonia. In conclusion, the CbrA–CbrB system controls the expression of several catabolic pathways and, perhaps together with the NtrB–NtrC system, appears to ensure the intracellular carbon: nitrogen balance in P. aeruginosa.
MRI criteria for MS in patients with clinically isolated syndromes

In recent years, criteria for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) have changed, mainly due to the incorporation of new MRI criteria. While the new criteria are a logical step forward, they are complex and—not surprisingly—a good working knowledge of them is not always evident among neurologists and neuroradiologists. In some circumstances, several MRI examinations are needed to achieve an accurate and prompt diagnosis. This provides an incentive for continued efforts to refine the incorporation of MRI-derived information into the diagnostic workup of patients presenting with a clinically isolated syndrome. Within the European multicenter collaborative research network that studies MRI in MS (MAGNIMS), a workshop was held in London in November 2007 to review information that may simplify the existing MS diagnostic criteria, while maintaining a high specificity that is essential to minimize false positive diagnoses. New data that are now published were reviewed and discussed and together with a new proposal are integrated in this position paper.
Analyst Coverage and Earnings Management Using Classification Shifting

This study examines the association between analyst coverage and classification shifting. Prior studies on external monitoring factors and classification shifting provide mixed results: international studies (Haw, Ho, & Li, 2011; Behn, Gotti, Herrmann, & Kang, 2013) find that external monitoring factors mitigate classification shifting, while Abernathy, Beyer, and Rapley (2014) find that external monitoring factors promote classification shifting when accrual-based earnings management and real earnings management are constrained. Using a sample of firms in the United States, this study finds a positive association between classification shifting and an external monitoring factor: analyst coverage. This result suggests that when higher analyst coverage has stronger monitoring role on earnings management, managers are more likely to use classification shifting. The implication of this study should be of interest to financial analysts.
A stringent upper limit to 18 cm radio emission from the extrasolar planet system τ Boötis

Context. It has been speculated for many years that some extrasolar planets may emit strong cyclotron emission at low radio frequen- cies in the range 10-100 MHz. Despite several attempts no such emission has yet been seen. Aims. The hot Jupiter systemBootis is one of the nearest (d=15 pc) exoplanets known to date. The gravitational influence of this massive hot Jupiter (M=8 Mjup) has locked the star-planet system, making the star rotate i n P∼3.3 days, similar to the orbital period of the planet. From the well established correlation between stellar rotation and radio luminosity, it is conceivable t hat theBootis system emits strong radio emission at significantly higher f requencies than currently probed, which we aimed to investigate with this work. Methods. We observedBootis with the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) at a frequency of 1.7 GHz. for 12 hours in spectral line mode, reaching a noise level of 42 µJy/beam at the position of the target. Results. No 18cm radio emission is detected fromBootis, resulting in a 3� upper limit of 0.13 mJy, corresponding to a 18cm radio luminosity of < 3.7× 10 13 erg s −1 Hz −1 . We observeBootis to be two orders of magnitude fainter than expected from the stellar relation between radio luminosity and rotation velocity. Conclusions. This implies that either theBootis system is underluminous in the radio compared to similar fast-rotating stars, or that we happened to observe the target during a low state of radio emission.
Coexpression studies with mutant muscarinic/adrenergic receptors provide evidence for intermolecular "cross-talk" between G-protein-linked receptors.

We have tested the hypothesis that guanine-nucleotide-binding-protein-coupled receptors may be able to interact with each other at a molecular level. To address this question, we have initially created two chimeric receptors, alpha 2/m3 and m3/alpha 2, in which the C-terminal receptor portions (containing transmembrane domains VI and VII) were exchanged between the alpha 2C-adrenergic and the m3 muscarinic receptor. Transfection of COS-7 cells with either of the two chimeric constructs alone did not result in any detectable binding activity for the muscarinic ligand N-[3H]methylscopolamine or the adrenergic ligand [3H]rauwolscine. However, cotransfection with alpha 2/m3 and m3/alpha 2 resulted in the appearance of specific binding sites (30-35 fmol/mg of membrane protein) for both radioligands. These sites displayed ligand binding properties similar to those of the two wild-type receptors. Furthermore, COS-7 cells cotransfected with alpha 2/m3 and m3/alpha 2 were able to mediate a pronounced stimulation of phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis upon stimulation with the muscarinic agonist carbachol (Emax approximately 40-50% of wild-type m3). A mutant m3 receptor (containing 16 amino acids of m2 receptor sequence at the N terminus of the third cytoplasmic loop) that was capable of binding muscarinic ligands but was virtually unable to stimulate phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis was also used in various cotransfection experiments. Coexpression of this chimeric receptor with other functionally impaired mutant muscarinic receptors (e.g., with an m3 receptor containing a Pro-->Ala point mutation in transmembrane region VII) resulted in a considerable stimulation of phosphatidylinositol breakdown after carbachol treatment (Emax approximately 40-50% of wild-type m3). Thus, these data suggest that guanine-nucleotide-binding-protein-coupled receptors can interact with each other at a molecular level. One may speculate that the formation of receptor dimers involving the intermolecular exchange of N- and C-terminal receptor domains (containing transmembrane domains I-V and VI and VII, respectively) may underlie this phenomenon.
Incidental detection of calcified dialysis graft on Tc-99m MDP bone scan.

A 48-year-old woman with a renal transplant and a history of immunosuppressive steroid use presented with a history of persistent hip pain. She was referred for radionuclide bone scan to evaluate the presence of avascular necrosis. No evidence of avascular necrosis was seen; however, incidental uptake of Tc-99m MDP was seen in a heavily calcified, nonfunctioning, synthetic dialysis access graft in the left groin.
Sleep Modulation Alleviates Axonal Damage and Cognitive Decline after Rodent Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. It produces diffuse axonal injury (DAI), which contributes to cognitive impairment, but effective disease-modifying treatment strategies are missing. We have recently developed a rat model of closed skull TBI that reproduces human TBI consequences, including DAI and clinical sequelae such as memory impairment. Here, we investigated whether sleep modulation after trauma has an impact on DAI and memory outcome. We assessed cognition with the novel object recognition test and stained for amyloid precursor protein, a DAI marker. We found that both sleep induction and restriction acutely after TBI enhanced encephalographic slow-wave activity, markedly reduced diffuse axonal damage in the cortex and hippocampus, and improved memory impairment 2 weeks after trauma. These results suggest that enhancing slow-wave sleep acutely after trauma may have a beneficial disease-modifying effect in subjects with acute TBI. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a clinically important entity. Cognitive deficits belong to the most prevalent chronic posttraumatic symptoms, most likely due to diffuse axonal injury (DAI). A growing body of evidence suggests a role of sleep in the clearance of waste products in the brain, possibly including amyloid precursor protein (APP), a marker of DAI. In this study, we provide evidence that enhancement of slow-wave oscillatory activity in the delta-frequency range decreases the APP-immunoreactivity and preserves cognitive abilities after trauma, potentially offering novel, noninvasive treatment options for traumatic injury.