Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validity, reliability and ease of use of the disabilities of arm, shoulder and hand questionnaire in adults following stroke

Abstract Purpose: The Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire is a patient reported outcome measure for evaluating upper limb function in people with musculoskeletal conditions. While the DASH has good psychometric properties when used with people with musculoskeletal conditions, it has not been tested with adults after stroke. Methods: Data for n = 61 adults following stroke (aged 32–93 years, 44% male) were analyzed to test validity and reliability of the DASH for use with a stroke population. Data included demographic and clinical attributes, DASH scores (baseline and four weeks later) and Patient Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) measures. Results: Internal consistency was good (Cronbach alpha 0.92, SEM 6.65). Factor analysis and Rasch modeling suggested that the questionnaire comprised three subscales: pain, impact and function. Concurrent validity between the DASH and PRWE (Spearman’s Rho rs = 0.41) was moderate. The scale was perceived by clinicians to be useful, quick and simple to administer. The DASH had low four-week test-retest reliability (ICC 0.56 [95% Cl 0.05–0.79]). Conclusions: The DASH is considered to have acceptable validity when used with adults following stroke. Test–retest reliability was low but further research is needed to establish whether this is a result of condition-related change or the stability of the measure. Implications for Rehabilitation The DASH questionnaire examines upper limb function in task performance and appears to be a useful tool, which is simple to administer in the clinical setting with adults following stroke. Upper limb function post stroke can be meaningfully assessed using the DASH as it has good internal consistency and moderate concurrent validity. Rasch analysis and factor analysis suggests that the tool appears to consist of three subscales: pain, impact and function. The total score of the DASH may be less meaningful than the totals of these subscales. The test–retest reliability of the DASH requires further research; over a four-week period DASH stability was poor in a group of people with moderate to severe upper limb impairment.
A compact ultra-wideband microstrip transition

Hybrid integration often requires to connecting components with different contact footprints, typical examples being MMICs versus larger drop-in devices. In microstrip technology this calls for different line widths and substrate thicknesses. This paper proposes a novel transition between two microstrip lines of different width and height. The basic concept of the multilayer approach is to gradually adapt the field distribution along the transition while keeping the impedance constant. In simulation the optimized transition exhibits an impedance match in excess of 20 dB from DC to 20 GHz. For verification a back-to-back transition is fabricated and measured. It features more than 13 dB input match and an insertion loss below 1 dB in a bandwidth up to 20 GHz, and the results being in good agreement with simulation.
Ordered changes in histone modifications at the core of the Arabidopsis circadian clock

Circadian clock function in Arabidopsis thaliana relies on a complex network of reciprocal regulations among oscillator components. Here, we demonstrate that chromatin remodeling is a prevalent regulatory mechanism at the core of the clock. The peak-to-trough circadian oscillation is paralleled by the sequential accumulation of H3 acetylation (H3K56ac, K9ac), H3K4 trimethylation (H3K4me3), and H3K4me2. Inhibition of acetylation and H3K4me3 abolishes oscillator gene expression, indicating that both marks are essential for gene activation. Mechanistically, blocking H3K4me3 leads to increased clock-repressor binding, suggesting that H3K4me3 functions as a transition mark modulating the progression from activation to repression. The histone methyltransferase SET DOMAIN GROUP 2/ARABIDOPSIS TRITHORAX RELATED 3 (SDG2/ATXR3) might contribute directly or indirectly to this regulation because oscillator gene expression, H3K4me3 accumulation, and repressor binding are altered in plants misexpressing SDG2/ATXR3. Despite divergences in oscillator components, a chromatin-dependent mechanism of clock gene activation appears to be common to both plant and mammal circadian systems.
Efficacy of Non-heme Iron Fortified Diets: A Review

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is prevailing around the globe at variable extent. To combat this phenomenon various strategies are popular. One effective strategy is food fortification. A number of reviews are available to discuss the bioavailability of food fortificants exclusively or in special dietary arrangements with specific food vehicles to access their performance in order to overcome the iron deficiency problem. However, little consideration is given to the efficacy studies of these dietary settings. This review is meant for discussing the efficacy of non-heme iron fortified diets.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN SARI JAHE MERAH (Zingiber dffociniale Var. Rubrum) TERHADAPKARAKTERISTIK ORGANOLEPTIK DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN MINUMAN COKELAT

ABSTRACT Chocolate drink is one of the alternative products of cocoa processing. The purpose of this study was to determine the formulation of chocolate drink preferred by consumers and to determine the antioxidant activity of chocolate drink with the addition of red ginger extract. This study used a complete randomized design (CRD) consisting of five treatments with addition of red extracts of 0 g (J0), 2 g (J1), 3g (J2), 4 g (J3) and 5 g (J4). The results showed that panelists liked the chocolate drink with the addition of ginger juice of 4 g (J3). The antioxidant activity of chocolate drink increased with increasing the addition of red ginger extract, this is due to red ginger contains phenol compounds that also act as antioxidant. Keywords: Red ginger extract, chocolate drink, organoleptic, antioxidant. ABSTRAK Minuman cokelat merupakan salah satu produk alternatif dari hasil pengolahan kakao. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui formulasi minuman cokelat yang disukai konsumen dan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dari minuman cokelat dengan penambahan sari jahe merah. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari lima perlakuan penambahan jahe merah 0 g (J0), 2 g (J1), 3g (J2), 4 g (J3), dan 5 g (J4). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa panelis menyukai minuman cokelat dengan penambahan sari jahe sebanyak 4 gram (J3). Aktivitas antioksidan minuman cokelat meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya jumlah penambahan sari jahe merah disebabkan jahe merah mengandung senyawa fenol yang juga berfungsi sebagai antioksidan. Kata Kunci: Sari jahe merah, minuman cokelat, organoleptic, antioksidan.
The Comparative Amnestic Effects of Midazolam, Propofol, Thiopental, and Fentanyl at Equisedative Concentrations

Background: The authors evaluated the effects of midazolam, propofol, thiopental, and fentanyl on volunteer participants' memory for words and pictures at equisedative concentrations. Methods: Sixty‐seven healthy volunteers were randomized to receive intravenous infusions of midazolam (n = 11), propofol (n = 11), thiopental (n = 10), fentanyl with ondansetron pretreatment (n = 11), ondansetron alone (n = 8), or placebo (n = 16) in a double‐blind design. Three increasing and then two decreasing sedative concentrations were achieved by computer‐controlled infusion in each volunteer. Measures of sedation, memory, and drug concentration were obtained at each target concentration. Drug concentrations were normalized to equisedative effects using both Emax and logistic regression methods of pharmacodynamic modeling. The serum concentrations at 50% memory effect (Cp50s) were determined using four different memory end points. The relative potencies compared with midazolam for memory impairment were determined. Results: Equisedative concentrations were midazolam, 64.5 +/‐ 9.4 ng/ml; propofol, 0.7 +/‐ 0.2 micro gram/ml; thiopental, 2.9 +/‐ 1.0 micro gram/ml; and fentanyl, 0.9 +/‐ 0.2 ng/ml. The Cp50s for 50% loss of memory for words were midazolam, 56 +/‐ 4 ng/ml; propofol, 0.62 +/‐ 0.04 micro gram/ml; thiopental, 4.5 +/‐ 0.3 micro gram/ml; and fentanyl, 3.2 +/‐ 0.4 ng/ml. Compared with midazolam, relative potencies (with 95% confidence intervals) were propofol, 0.96 (0.44–1.78); thiopental, 0.76 (0.52–0.94); and fentanyl, 0.34 (0.05–0.76). Large effects on memory were only produced by propofol and midazolam. Conclusions: At equal sedation, propofol produces the same degree of memory impairment as midazolam. Thiopental has mild memory effects whereas fentanyl has none. Ondansetron alone has no sedative or amnesic effects.
Laminar displacement and prelaminar tissue thickness change after glaucoma surgery imaged with optical coherence tomography.

PURPOSE To study changes in lamina cribrosa position and prelaminar tissue thickness (PTT) after surgical IOP reduction in glaucoma patients. METHODS Twenty-two patients (mean age, 71.4 years) were imaged with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT; 24 radial B-scans centered on the optic nerve head [ONH]) before trabeculectomy or tube shunt implantation. Follow up images were acquired 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months postsurgery. Bruch's membrane opening (BMO), the internal limiting membrane (ILM) and the anterior laminar surface (ALS) were segmented in each radial scan with custom software. Surfaces were fitted to the ILM and ALS with the extracted three-dimesional coordinates. PTT was the distance between the ILM and ALS, perpendicular to a BMO reference plane. Serial postsurgical laminar displacement (LD), relative to the BMO reference plane, and changes in PTT were measured. Positive values indicated anterior LD. RESULTS Mean (SD) presurgery IOP was 18.1 (6.5) mm Hg, and reduced by 4.7 (5.5), 2.4 (7.7), 7.0 (6.2), and 6.8 (7.5) mm Hg at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months postsurgery, respectively. At the four postsurgery time points, there was significant anterior LD (1.8 [9.5], -1.1 [8.9], 8.8 [20.2], and 17.9 [25.8] μm) and PTT increase (1.7 [13.3], 2.4 [11.9], 17.4 [13.7], and 13.9 [18.6] μm). LD was greater in ONHs with larger BMO area (P = 0.01) and deeper ALS (P = 0.04); however, PTT was not associated with any of the tested independent variables. CONCLUSIONS Both anterior LD and thickening of prelaminar tissue occur after surgical IOP reduction in patients with glaucoma.
Pain mechanisms in osteoarthritis of the knee: effect of intraarticular anesthetic.

OBJECTIVE The causes of pain in osteoarthritis (OA) remain unclear. We examined the effect of intraarticular (IA) local anesthetic (LA) on pain perception in OA knee to test the hypothesis that pain arises from structures in contact with the intraarticular surface. The effect of intervention on one knee on perception of pain in the other was also studied. METHODS Using a single blind, blind observer design, 20 subjects with bilateral symptomatic OA knee were randomized to receive either IA LA (bupivacaine 0.25%, 5 ml) or placebo into the most painful knee. Pain from both knees was assessed at 1 h, 24 h, and 7 days using a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS). Pain descriptors using a standardized questionnaire (McGill) were recorded. RESULTS At 1 h there was a significant fall in pain in LA knees (median VAS 61.5 to 0.0; p = 0.007). The change at VAS was significantly different between knees receiving LA and placebo (median change -45.5 vs +3.5; p = 0.03). 6/10 LA knees scored 0 on VAS at 1 h. Noninjected knees also showed a fall in pain scores. For knees contralateral to those receiving LA, the fall was from median 28.0 to 1.0 (p = 0.08). The reduction in pain was much less in knees contralateral to those receiving placebo (median 43.5 to 38.0), though the difference between the changes did not reach statistical significance. VAS scores remained below baseline for 7 days, though this difference was not significant. McGill pain scores fell in the LA group (for all categories of pain), but did not change in the placebo group. CONCLUSION Pain in some cases of OA knee can be abolished by IA LA, suggesting that the structures responsible for pain are in contact with the intraarticular environment. As well, interventions in one knee have significant effects on pain perception in the contralateral knee.
RE-CAD/CAM APPROACH IN DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING OF DENTAL CERAMIC CROWNS IN COMBINATION WITH MANUAL INDIVIDUALIZATION

CAD/CAM technology in dentistry offers high-end ceramic restorations, known for its quality, preciseness, swiftness and repeatability. However, some features are still human-dependent. A young female patient required smile enhancement, since suffering from colour change on three devitalized frontal teeth. After fiber post placement, teeth were prepared for metal-free restoration. Consequently, abutments were scanned using extraoral scanner (Sirona, InEos Blue; Beinsheim, Germany). CAD software (version 3.8) has been used to create three crown copings, with cut-back in the incisal region. After finalization of the virtual modeling, data file has been transferred to a milling unit (Sirona, MCXL, Beinsheim, Germany) that produced crown copings out of a ceramic block (IPS e.max CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtestein). Crowns were tried for the fit and occlusion in the so-called blue stage, after which final strength and shape has been achieved by thermal treatment in the ceramic furnace. Individualization has been done manually, creating special effect in the cut-back region. Crowns were cemented adhesively. CAD/CAM offers modern and relevant way of producing ceramic restorations, however, special effects still require manual adjustments.
Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Activity Is Critical for Embryonic Kidney Gene Expression, Growth, and Differentiation*

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate fundamental biological processes such as cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival via genomic and nongenomic effects. This study examined the importance of HDAC activity in the regulation of gene expression and differentiation of the developing mouse kidney. Class I HDAC1–3 and class II HDAC4, -7, and -9 genes are developmentally regulated. Moreover, HDAC1–3 are highly expressed in nephron precursors. Short term treatment of cultured mouse embryonic kidneys with HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) induced global histone H3 and H4 hyperacetylation and H3K4 hypermethylation. However, genome-wide profiling revealed that the HDAC-regulated transcriptome is restricted and encompasses regulators of the cell cycle, Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β/Smad, and PI3K-AKT pathways. Further analysis demonstrated that base-line expression of key developmental renal regulators, including Osr1, Eya1, Pax2/8, WT1, Gdnf, Wnt9b, Sfrp1/2, and Emx2, is dependent on intact HDAC activity. Treatment of cultured embryonic kidney cells with HDACi recapitulated these gene expression changes, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that HDACi is associated with histone hyperacetylation of Pax2/Pax8, Gdnf, Sfrp1, and p21. Gene knockdown studies demonstrated that HDAC1 and HDAC2 play a redundant role in regulation of Pax2/8 and Sfrp1 but not Gdnf. Long term treatment of embryonic kidneys with HDACi impairs the ureteric bud branching morphogenesis program and provokes growth arrest and apoptosis. We conclude that HDAC activity is critical for normal embryonic kidney homeostasis, and we implicate class I HDACs in the regulation of early nephron gene expression, differentiation, and survival.
Cell lineage and the differentiation of corneal epithelial cells.

PURPOSE Studies were designed to determine whether cell division and cell differentiation are linked directly in the corneal epithelium. To obtain these data, corneal basal epithelial cells were labeled during DNA synthesis, and the resultant daughter cells were followed for as long as 2 weeks. METHODS Adult rats were injected with 5-bromo-deoxyuridine (BrdU), a thymidine analog, and were killed 6 hours to 14 days later. Corneas were fixed and permeabilized, and BrdU-labeled nuclei were detected with a monoclonal antibody to BrdU and a fluorescent-labeled secondary antibody. Fluorescent nuclei were visualized in three dimensions in corneal whole-mounts using a laser scanning confocal microscope. Optical sections were collected and displayed as serial images, three-dimensional anaglyphs, color-encoded projections, or three-dimensional reconstructions. Data were confirmed using 3H-thymidine autoradiography of epithelia sectioned parallel to the corneal surface. RESULTS Cells synthesizing DNA at the time of injection incorporated BrdU into their DNA. Pairs of labeled nuclei were produced by the division of cells that had been labeled with BrdU. These daughter cells remained in the basal layer of the epithelium for a variable period of time. Some daughter cells continued to divide, producing clusters of labeled basal cells. When labeled daughter cells left the basal layer and began the process of terminal differentiation, they nearly always did so together. The synchronous differentiation of daughter cells was evident from the pairs of labeled nuclei seen throughout the depth of the epithelium from 2 to 14 days after labeling. CONCLUSIONS Cell division and differentiation are not linked directly in the corneal epithelium. After cell division, daughter cells either remain in the basal layer, where they may undergo additional rounds of cell division, or both cells differentiate synchronously. When the daughter cells of a mitosis differentiate, the time between the previous cell division and differentiation is highly variable. This suggests that the coordination of cell division and differentiation in the corneal epithelium involves a complex regulatory network.
Expertise Recommendation: A Two-Way Knowledge Communication Channel

In our service-based society, expertise is becoming increasingly recognized as a valuable and scarce resource. Thus, the demand for an integrated expert finder that understands whether it has found a current, relevant and credible expert will grow. We offer a three pronged approach which combines data mining, self reporting and referral by others together with a number of strategies which provide feedback and validation of the data gathered via data mining and self-reporting. The feedback mechanism offers a two-way communication channel between the service requester and the service provider, the expert.
A Novel Pattern Reconfigurable Antenna Array for Diversity Systems

In this letter, a novel pattern reconfigurable antenna array for mobile terminals is presented. The proposed antenna array consists of two symmetrically reconfigurable monopoles, which are located symmetrically at the upper-right and upper-left corners of a printed circuit board (PCB). In each monopole, two PIN diodes are used to change the radiation structure and the ground current distribution, which results in different radiation patterns. The reconfigurable antenna array has 2 times 2 operating modes, and the measured results are provided. According to the measured results, the correlation coefficients and the diversity gains are calculated. The proposed antenna array has potential applications in diversity system for mobile terminals.
Combined targeting of MEK/MAPK and PI3K/Akt signalling in multiple myeloma

So‐called RAS‐dependent pathways, such as those signalling via mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide‐3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt, are implicated in proliferation and survival of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. However, the effects of their combined blockade and its potential therapeutic utility for the treatment of RAS‐mutated MM have not systematically been analysed. Here, we tested the functional consequences of single versus combined inhibition of the MEK/MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways in a large series of primary MM samples (n = 55) and MM cell lines (n = 11). Additionally, the anti‐myeloma activity of different treatments was analysed with respect to the RAS mutation status. PI3K/Akt blockade was generally more pro‐apoptotic than blockade of MEK/MAPK both in cell lines and in primary MM samples. Simultaneous blockade of both pathways led to significantly enhanced anti‐myeloma activity in 75% of primary MM samples, whereas the remainder was largely resistant. Resistance to combination blockade was exclusively observed in RAS wildtype cases, whereas sensitivity was noted in RAS wildtype and in RAS mutated MM. These results suggest that oncogenic RAS is a predictor of sensitivity to combination treatment with PI3K/Akt and MEK/MAPK inhibitors and that such an approach might therefore be beneficial for this genetically well‐defined subgroup of MM patients.
Trials probe new agents for kidney cancer.

Atlanta—New phase 3 clinical trial results point to the potential of several targeted therapies for the treatment of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma, a disease with few therapeutic options and an annual worldwide mortality exceeding 100 000. The studies, presented at the annual meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, held here in June, may change the standard of care for patients with this disease. “The results are likely to lead to an expansion of treatment options for patients with metastatic renal cancer,” said Michael Atkins, MD, of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center’s division of Hematology/Oncology, in Boston. “Today, targeted therapy enters the front line for the treatment of renal cancer,” he added.