Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Employment experiences of post graduate students in KwaZulu-Natal: An intersection of qualifications and employability in the labor market

The past decade has seen a sturdy increase in the literature on higher education and policy discourse on the absorption of graduates in the labor market. To understand students’, post graduate experiences, a case approach was adopted. Participants comprised of employed and unemployed students who were registered at the University of Zululand in 2016 particularly those who successfully completed their undergraduate degree in any South African tertiary institution. An empirical study shows that Graduates lack job market information and experience to enable them to undertake this arduous journey. Unemployment and under employment was found to be due to lack of certain personal attributes, serious skills mismatch and general lack of capability. The paper argues that there is a gap between qualifications and capability-employment in the labour market. Higher education institutions and industry should bridge this gap by emphasising on labour market needs, individual attributes and social inequalities in programme design.
Fault detection in dynamical systems: from state-estimation to direct input reconstruction methods

PREFACE Modern technology has increasingly created highly complex dynamical systems where the issues of systems' availability and operational safety have become one of the main problems: dependability and reliability became major concerns in the design of modern technical control systems. In engineering the term 'safety intensive' is used for denoting and characterizing these systems more closely. The scope of the theory and application of the technical and operational management of safety intensive systems is vast and increasing. This ranges from the most common issues of operational safety such as condition monitoring, fault detection and isolation, fault diagnosis, fault management and fault tolerance to some more general questions of the operation such as the effect of human factor, mentioning just a few. Indeed, faults may have a considerable impact on the achievement of the system's technical goal, on the security of human operators, on the integrity or on the profitability of the system itself, or on the integrity of the system's environment. Practically, for safety intensive applications, every kind of system is concerned: embedded systems (for civil or military applications), or huge complex installations , ranging from domestic systems to transportation, communication, industrial processes. Their design must take into account safety and dependability considerations, for economic, sociologic and human reasons. Incorporating safety issues into the design process is a rather contradictory problem, however. Introducing dependability considerations into the design and the exploitation of systems has a visible cost, while the production losses, quality losses, performance degradations or even accidents which they would help to avoid are obviously not so apparent. In other words, selling safety is not an easy problem in modern economy where the actors of the economy are mostly interested in maximizing their profits. In order to push decision makers of the economy towards the acceptance of safety regulations, and to encourage a volunteer approach to the consideration of those problems, it is necessary to develop techniques and application method-ologies which produce safe and secure systems at affordable prices, and in parallel, to develop analysis and evaluation tools in order to quantify, prove and certify the abovementioned systems performances, that is to say, to increase the confidence measures of the application of the new safety intensive technologies. Fault detection and isolation (FDI) issues, associated with fault tolerant control, have first been developed in the United States and in the former Soviet Union, mainly in the frame of defense and …
Analysis of Boiler Operation Workload in Salted Fish Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs)

A person’s physical condition at work is crucial to the production output. This can be influenced by operator fatigue factor based on operator’s calorie requirement while working, since the amount of energy that comes out is greater than the incoming energy at work. The operators working on fish boiling stations are 2 operators and with 2-3 hours working time per day. Thus, to determine the fatigue factor of the operator is to know the pulse operator to determine the number of calories needed by the operator while working. Then the determination of the classification of workload based on the increase in the maximum pulse due to the burden (cardiovascular load = CVL) in every activity undertaken by the worker needs to be known. It is expected that workers can do their work to the maximum in a long time. The method of Cardiovascular Load (CVL) is a calculation to determine the classification of workload based on the calculation of the working pulse rate difference with the resting pulse compared to the difference between the maximum pulse with resting pulse.
Multi-focus image fusion dataset and algorithm test in real environment

COPYRIGHT © 2022 Liu, Peng, Jiang, Yang, Zhao and Su. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Multi-focus image fusion dataset and algorithm test in real environment
Early myeloid-derived suppressor cells accelerate epithelial-mesenchymal transition by downregulating ARID1A in luminal A breast cancer

Early myeloid-derived suppressor cells (eMDSCs) are a newly characterized subclass of MDSCs, which exhibit more potent immunosuppressive capacity than classical MDSCs. Previously, we found high eMDSCs infiltration was correlated with poor prognosis of breast cancer, though the regulatory mechanisms have not been fully understood. Here, we constructed a 21-gene signature to evaluate the status of eMDSCs infiltration within breast cancer tissues and found that highly infiltrated eMDSCs affected the prognosis of breast cancer patients, especially in luminal A subtype. We also found that eMDSCs promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and accelerated cell migration and invasion in vitro. Meanwhile, eMDSCs significantly downregulated ARID1A expression in luminal A breast cancer, which was closely associated with EMT and was an important prognostic factor in breast cancer patients. Moreover, significant changes of EMT-related genes were detected in luminal A breast cancer cells after co-cultured with eMDSCs or ARID1A knock-down and overexpression of ARID1A significantly reversed this procedure. These results implied that eMDSCs might suppress the ARID1A expression to promote EMT in luminal A breast cancer cells, which might provide a new light on developing novel treatment regimens for relapsed luminal A breast cancer after conventional therapies.
Influence of Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Juvenile Recidivists on Their Reoffending

The Government of Kenya introduced rehabilitation institutions to deal with rehabilitation of child offenders and prevent them from recidivating. While statistics indicate juvenile crime and recidivism to be on the increase, studies on the phenomenon of recidivism among juveniles in correctional institutions in Kenya are scanty. The purpose of this study was to establish the influence of socio-demographic characteristics on recidivism among juveniles in rehabilitation institutions in Kiambu and Kirinyaga counties of Kenya. The objectives of the study were to establish the influence of Juvenile recidivist’s socio-demographic characteristics on their recidivism. The study was based on Robert Merton’s 1938 strain theory. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The target population for the study was 333 juvenile recidivists and 60 correctional staff in Wamumu and Kirigiti rehabilitation schools in Kirinyaga and Kiambu counties of Kenya respectively. The data for the study was collected by use of questionnaires, Focused Group Discussion, in-depth interview schedules and document analysis and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study found negative peer influence and level of education reached to be the child offender’s social and demographic characteristics respectively that had the highest influence on recidivism among child offenders in Kiambu and Kirinyaga counties of Kenya. The study recommended change in design of juvenile rehabilitation programmes to take into consideration juvenile’s socio-demographic characteristics and; needs and risks facing him. This is combination of both institutional and community based intervention and supervision that tap into youth potential and steer them away from crime. Keywords: Socio-Demographic, Characteristics, Juvenile, Reoffending DOI : 10.7176/PPAR/9-6-01 Publication date :June 30 th 2019
Development of an Analyzing System for Student’s Learning Characteristics by Visualization of Learning History

: We have developed a system for visualizing students’ learning characteristics within a small learning group based on the learning data accumulated in the individual learning support system. In this paper, we developed a program with both a server side and a client side in order to implement it as a Web application. This makes it possible for the teachers to display a list of learning histories for all students in the class, analyze and understand the learning characteristics of any student in the class.
Learning Multiple Gene Regulatory Networks in Type 1 Diabetes through a Fast Bayesian Integrative Method

Accurate inference of Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) is pivotal to gaining a systematic understanding of the molecular mechanism and identifying potential therapeutic targets for diseases. Many methods such as Gaussian Graphical Models have been proposed for explore conditional independence relationships in the networks. However, the application of such methods are limited due to the dynamic involvement of gene regulation networks when data are collected under distinct conditions. A motivating example is that of modeling gene expressions in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study, where the expression data from one participant can be collected on multiple time points and attributed to different comparison groups, hence, gene regulation networks under distinct conditions tend to be dependent with each other. In this paper, we proposed a innovative method for jointly estimating multiple dependent Gaussian graphical models. First, we adopt a $\psi$-learning algorithm to transfer the expression data to the pair-wise scores. Then, we propose a Bayesian clustering and meta-analysis method to identify the possible edge changes and integrate the pair-wise scores. Finally, we apply a multiple hypothesis test to determine the gene network structures under each condition. The result identifies several important genes related to the development of Type 1 Diabetes and reveals the evolvement of gene networks throughout time.
Sexual violence experiences among black gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men and transgender women in South African townships: contributing factors and implications for health

This study examined experiences with sexual violence among black African gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men and transgender women in townships surrounding Pretoria, South Africa. Of 81 gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men and transgender women interviewed, 17 reported to have experienced sexual violence perpetrated by other men. Qualitative analysis of interviews revealed the social and relational contexts of these experiences as well as their psychological and health consequences. The described context included single- and multiple-perpetrator attacks in private and public spaces, bias-motivated attacks, and violence from known partners. Several participants reported refusing propositions for sex as a reason for being victimized. HIV-positive individuals were overrepresented among survivors compared with the sample as a whole. Following victimization, participants described feelings of pain, fear, anger, and self-blame. The results demonstrate the need for interventions designed to (a) prevent sexual violence against gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men and transgender women in this population, and (b) reduce the negative psychological and health outcomes of sexual victimization. The discussion also highlights the need to examine more closely the link between experiences of sexual violence and the risk for HIV infection.
Intraoperative hypotension in non-emergency decompression surgery for cervical spondylosis: The role of chronic arterial hypertension

Background Cervical spondylotic myelopathy and chronic hypertension show a cause-effect relationship. Hypertension increases cardiovascular risk and is associated with intraoperative hypotension. We aimed to evaluate intraoperative hypotension in patients undergoing non-emergency decompression surgery for cervical spondylosis and its association with clinical myelopathy and chronic arterial hypertension. Methods This retrospective cohort study used healthcare data of adult patients undergoing cervical spine surgeries at Taipei Veterans General Hospital from 2015 to 2019. The primary outcomes were the incidence of intraoperative hypotension and predictive factors, and the secondary outcomes were the association of intraoperative hypotension and postoperative adverse outcomes in the surgical population. Results Among the 1833 patients analyzed, 795 (43.4%) required vasopressor treatment and 342 (18.7%) showed persistent hypotension. Factors independent associated with hypotension after anesthetic induction were age [odds ratio (OR), 1.15; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07-1.23 per 5 years, P < 0.001], male sex (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.21-2.19, P < 0.001), chronic hypertension (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.32-2.38, P < 0.001), upper cervical spine level C0-2 treated (OR, 3.04; 95% CI, 1.92-4.84, P < 0.001 vs. C3-T1), and increased number of spine segments treated (OR, 1.43; 95% CI 1.26-1.63, P < 0.001). Patients who developed intraoperative hypotension experienced more acute postoperative kidney injury (OR, 7.90; 95% CI, 2.34–26.63, P < 0.001), greater need for intensive care (OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.24–2.60, P = 0.002), and longer admission after surgery (1.09 days longer, 95% CI 0.06-2.12, P = 0.038). Conclusion Intraoperative hypotension is common even in non-emergency cervical spine surgery. A history of hypertension independently predicted intraoperative hypotension. Prompt assessments for identifiable features can help ameliorate intraoperative hypotension.
Researches On Reverse Lookup Problem In Distributed File System

Recent years have witnessed an increasing demand for super data clusters. The super data clusters have reached the petabyte-scale can consist of thousands or tens of thousands storage nodes at a single site. For this architecture, reliability is becoming a great concern. In order to achieve a high reliability, data recovery and node reconstruction is a must. Although extensive research works have investigated how to sustain high performance and high reliability in case of node failures at large scale, a reverse lookup problem, namely finding the objects list for the failed node remains open. This is especially true for storage systems with high requirement of data integrity and availability, such as scientific research data clusters and etc. Existing solutions are either time consuming or expensive. Meanwhile, replication based block placement can be used to realize fast reverse lookup. However, they are designed for centralized, small-scale storage architectures. In this thesis, we propose a fast and efficient reverse lookup scheme named Group-based Shifted Declustering (G-SD) layout that is able to locate the whole content of the failed node. G-SD extends our previous shifted declustering layout and applies to large-scale file systems. Our mathematical proofs and real-life experiments show that G-SD is a scalable reverse lookup scheme that is up to one order of magnitude faster than existing schemes.
Evaluating health outcomes in the treatment of hypothyroidism

Clinical hypothyroidism is defined by the inadequate production of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland to maintain normal organ system functions. For nearly all patients with clinical hypothyroidism, lifelong treatment with thyroid hormone replacement is required. The primary goal of treatment is to provide the appropriate daily dose of thyroid hormone to restore normal thyroid function for each individual patient. In current clinical practice, normalization of thyrotropin (TSH) level is the primary measure of effectiveness of treatment, however the use of a single biomarker to define adequate thyroid hormone replacement is being reevaluated. The assessment of clinical health outcomes and patient-reported outcomes (PROs), often within the context of intensity of treatment as defined by thyroid function tests (i.e., undertreatment, appropriate treatment, or overtreatment), may play a role in evaluating the effectiveness of treatment. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize the prominent health outcomes literature in patients with treated hypothyroidism. To date, overall mortality, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, bone health and cognitive function have been evaluated as endpoints in clinical outcomes studies in patients with treated hypothyroidism. More recent investigations have sought to establish the relationships between these end results and thyroid function during the treatment course. In addition to clinical event outcomes, patient-reported quality of life (QoL) has also been considered in the assessment of adequacy of hypothyroidism treatment. From a health care quality perspective, treatment of hypothyroidism should be evaluated not just on its effectiveness for the individual patients but also to the extent to which patients of different sociodemographic groups are treated equally. Ultimately, more research is needed to explore differences in health outcomes between different sociodemographic groups with hypothyroidism. Future prospective studies of treated hypothyroidism that integrate biochemical testing, PROs, and end result clinical outcomes could provide a more complete picture into the effectiveness of treatment of hypothyroidism.
Reading Sentences of Uniform Word Length II

In the current study we investigated whether readers adjust their preferred saccade length (PSL) during reading on a trial-by-trial basis. The PSL refers to the distance between a saccade launch site and saccade target (i.e., the word center during reading) when participants neither undershoot nor overshoot this target (McConkie, Kerr, Reddix, & Zola in Vision Research, 28, 1107-1118, 1988). The tendency for saccades longer or shorter than the PSL to under or overshoot their target is referred to as the range error. Recent research by Cutter, Drieghe, and Liversedge (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2017) has shown that the PSL changes to be shorter when readers are presented with 30 consecutive sentences exclusively made of three-letter words, and longer when presented with 30 consecutive sentences exclusively made of five-letter words. We replicated and extended this work by this time presenting participants with these uniform sentences in an unblocked design. We found that adaptation still occurred across different sentence types despite participants only having one trial to adapt. Our analyses suggested that this effect was driven by the length of the words readers were making saccades away from, rather than the length of the words in the rest of the sentence. We propose an account of the range error in which readers use parafoveal word length information to estimate the length of a saccade between the center of two parafoveal words (termed the Centre-Based Saccade Length) prior to landing on the first of these words.
How to Design Hydrogen Storage Materials? Fundamentals, Synthesis, and Storage Tanks

As the world shifts toward renewable energy, the need for an effective energy carrier is pressing. Hydrogen has often been touted as a universal clean energy vector and the fuel of the future. Unfortunately, mass adoption of the hydrogen economy is slow due to a lack of incentives and technical difficulties in storing hydrogen. Better materials capable of reversible hydrogen uptake/release with hydrogen capacity surpassing 5 mass% at the ambient must emerge. So far, finding such materials has been elusive; alloys capable of ambient hydrogen uptake/release have a low storage capacity while high capacity hydrides have a very high hydrogen release temperature. From metal alloys to complex hydrides, a better understanding of the behavior of hydrogen in hydrides is essential to fine‐tune their properties toward application. Herein, the latest approaches to design hydrogen storage materials based on known hydrides are reviewed with the aim to facilitate the emergence of alternative thinking toward the design of better hydrogen storage materials. Synthetic methods and conceptual approaches to achieve particular hydrogen thermodynamics and kinetics are discussed. These include metallurgical alloying, mechanochemical modification, chemical destabilization, the nanosizing approach, and theoretical modeling and machine learning techniques to guide experimental work.
A three-dimensional model that helps tutors to monitor groups during a collaborative online work

—The E-Learning, model, based on learner’s activity, can provide proof for competence assessment. Such models are the foundation for learning and teaching support, such as adaptation, assessment, competence analysis, recommendations and so on. This paper describes a method for analysing the learning processes that takes place in a computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) environment. Our approach is based on tracking the interactions between learners within groups and on a three-dimensional model that includes a participative, an interactive and an affective dimension. The exploitation of these traces can serve three main purposes: the evaluation of the quality of the process, the monitoring of student’s performance in real time and the assessment of collaborative learning performances. In this study, the importance of a good climate of trust and affection in promoting teamwork is presented. In addition, a set of indicators is obtained by tracking course learner’s behaviour within the learning environment. The findings of an empirical study of 14 work ‐ based teams are discussed. The results can benefit to the tutor by providing him the opportunity to rebuild the working groups based on the stable and variable characteristics of learners.
The Evolution of Data Citation: From Principles to Implementation

Data citation is rapidly emerging as a key practice in support of data access, sharing, reuse, and of sound and reproducible scholarship. In this article we review the evolution of data citation standards and practices – to which Sue Dodd was an early contributor – and the core principles of data citation that have emerged through a collaborative synthesis. We then discuss an example of the current state of the practice, and identify the remaining implementation challenges.