Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Arm blood flow and metabolism during arm and combined arm and leg exercise in humans

The cardiovascular response to exercise with several groups of skeletal muscle suggests that work with the arms may decrease leg blood flow. This study evaluated whether intense exercise with the legs would have a similar effect on arm blood flow (Qarm) and O2 consumption (V̇O2,arm). Ten healthy male subjects (age 21 ± 1 year; mean ± S.D.) performed arm cranking at 80 % of maximum arm work capacity (A trial) and combined arm cranking with cycling at 60 % of maximum leg work capacity (A + L trial). The combined trial was a maximum effort for 5‐6 min. Qarm measurement by thermodilution in the axilliary vein and arterial and venous blood samples permitted calculation of V̇O2,arm. During the combined trial, Qarm was reduced by 0.58 ± 0.25 l min−1 (19.1 ± 3.0 %, P < 0.05) from the value during arm cranking (3.00 ± 0.46 l min−1). The arterio‐venous O2 difference increased from 122 ± 15 ml l−1 during the arm trial to 150 ± 21 ml l−1 (P < 0.05) during the combined trial. Thus, V̇O2,arm (0.45 ± 0.06 l min−1) was reduced by 9.6 ± 6.3 % (P < 0.05) and arm vascular conductance from 27 ± 4 to 23 ± 3 ml min−1 (mmHg)−1 (P < 0.05) as noradrenaline spillover from the arm increased from 7.5 ± 3.5 to 13.8 ± 4.2 nmol min−1 (P < 0.05). The data suggest that during maximal whole body exercise in humans, arm vasoconstriction is established to an extent that affects oxygen delivery to and utilisation by working skeletal muscles.
Transposon-induced hotspots for genomic instability.

Although the potential of transposable elements (TEs) to produce genomic rearrangements, such as inversions and translocations, has been appreciated for some time from the results of laboratory experiments, estimates of the frequency and evolutionary importance of such events in natural populations have been difficult to come by. Now, with the ability to obtain nucleotide sequence data on a large scale, we are starting to learn about the nature and frequency of TE-induced changes in the structure of their host genomes. Not only is direct evidence being provided to support predictions that TEs can initiate chromosomal rearrangements by ectopic recombination and other mechanisms, but surprising examples of massive local genomic instability are being reported that were not predicted by earlier models of TE behavior. In this issue, a remarkable example of an unprecedented degree of genome restructuring is reported in a study of the breakpoints of a TE-induced inversion in Drosophila buzzatii (Caceres et al. 2001).
The Implementation of International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) Adoption on the Relevance of Equity and Earning Book Value

The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) on value relevance of book value of equity and income in the Indonesian manufacturing Indonesia listed in the Indonesian Stock Exchange during 2009-2013, with the year 2011 as cut-off before and after adoption of IFRS. The results of study indicate that there is an incline of value relevance of book value of equity and income. For manufacturing sector, this study implies that the adoption of IFRS does not improve the higher level of value relevance than before. In other words, investors require other information to help them in taking decision for investment.
Long-term remission of malignant brain tumors after intracranial infection: a report of four cases.

OBJECTIVE This report describes four patients with malignant brain tumors in whom regression or cure seems to be related to infection with bacteria. METHODS An analysis of the four clinical cases reported and a review of the literature produced a comprehensive body of both experimental and clinical data concerning the antineoplastic properties of bacteria. RESULTS Although direct oncolytic effects from bacteria have been suggested, immune adjuvant responses to tumor suppression are emphasized. In one of our patients, infiltration of numerous granulocytes and lymphocytes into the tumor at the time of initial surgery was observed, suggesting that a spontaneous immune reaction had begun. Also, in two other patients, tumor aggression occurred in association with a bacterial process that was not in direct contact with the tumor. In three of the cases described, Enterobacter aerogenes was recovered from the microbial cultures. Whether the presence of this organism was coincidental or whether this organism plays an important role in tumor defense is not known; however, a specific cross-reactive immunological attack to the tumor is suggested. CONCLUSION The case histories presented in conjunction with the relevant literature reviewed support the concept that microbial infections may influence immune responses in brain tumor defense.
Improvements in on-farm resource stewardship with profitable information technologies in rice production

ABSTRACT Agricultural production can place burdens on natural environments. Profitable crop production practices can have unintended consequences on farm natural resources that are difficult to monitor. This article considers if precision agriculture’s (PrecAg) information technologies can influence the rates, and profit implications, of using best management practices (BMPs) to improve on-farm natural resource stewardship. If PrecAg can increase rice yields with better management of inputs, reducing costs, and increasing profits, resource stewardship may also benefit. U.S. national farm-level production data from NASS (USDA), confirm background hypotheses of links between PrecAg use and BMPs. The main objective is then to test these relationships in a single, comprehensive, treatment effects model that accounts for PrecAg use, resource stewardship, and rice-farm costs and profits. Capital investments in equipment and other fixed costs are included as adoption control variables. The sustainable BMP rice production practices considered include conservation tillage and erosion control, nutrient-level monitoring, crop rotations, scouting for weeds and pests, and written planning. Conservation tillage is significant in the model and lowers costs with all three PrecAg technologies, but reduces profits. Erosion control has the reverse effect with all three PrecAg technologies having a significant and positive affect on costs, but also raises profit.
The Motivation of Temporary Agency Workers: An Empirical Analysis

We are investigating the relationship between individual and job-related characteristics and the motivation of temporary agency workers. To do so, we are using a unique dataset from one of Germany's largest temporary work agencies. For 3,000 temporary agency workers, a subjective motivation appraisal is provided by the respective direct manager within the hiring company. It is possible to observe a positive relationship between the decision on transition to regular employment and the motivation of temporary agency workers. Women in temporary agency work demonstrate a higher degree of motivation than men. However, in the case of men a clearer correlation can be observed between project duration and motivation. A change of hiring company with follow-up projects has a negative effect on the temporary agency worker's motivation.
Vehicle recognition and its trajectory registration on the image sequence using deep convolutional neural network

The article shows the methods of vehicle recognition on the image sequence and its trajectory registration. As a recognition algorithm authors used Viola-Jones method with optical flow filter and the deep convolutional neural network in combination with sliding window technique for vehicle detection task. Also authors analyze approaches to registration of detected vehicle trajectories on image sequence based on its linear and angular velocities and Kalman filter. The efficiency of vehicle detection is shown in terms of the precision and recall of recognition. Quality of vehicle registration on the image sequence is estimated by the standard deviation of results from sample values. The article also shows usage prospects of proposed algorithms as a part of driver assistance system and unmanned vehicle control system.
Do Small Firms Pay to Stay? An Experimental Investigation

Through this study, we aim to reconcile differences in observed pricing behavior across industries by theoretically and empirically analysing the effect of market share on pricing strategies. Based on our proposed model of static competition, in equilibrium, symmetric competitors will offer discounts to new customers, while asymmetric competition provides sufficient conditions for small firms to offer loyalty rewards. We find that aggressiveness in pricing (difference in price to new and existing customers) decreases when markets become more competitive and market dominance (large inherited market share) is positively correlated with aggressive customer poaching. We further test our predictions by conducting a controlled experiment. In line with our predictions, we find that the price setting behavior of experimental participants varies with market share and that having a smaller inherited customer base results in loyalty rewards. Our work contributes to the behvaior based price discrimination literature by showing that a low inherited market share provides a sufficient condition for discounts to existing customers. The managerial implications of these findings are also discussed.
Optimal Loading for the Development of Peak Power Output in Professional Rugby Players

Bevan, HR, Bunce, PJ, Owen, NJ, Bennett, MA, Cook, CJ, Cunningham, DJ, Newton, RU, and Kilduff, LP. Optimal loading for the development of peak power output in professional rugby players. J Strength Cond Res 24(1): 43-47, 2010-The ability to develop high levels of muscular power is considered an essential component of success in many sporting activities; however, the optimal load for the development of peak power during training remains controversial. Our aim in the present study was to determine the optimal load required to observe peak power output during the ballistic bench throw (BBT) and squat jump (SJ) in professional rugby players. Forty-seven, professional, male, rugby players of (mean ± SD) mass 101.3 ± 12.8 kg and height 1.82 ± 0.08 m volunteered and gave informed consent for this study, which was approved by a university ethics committee. Players performed BBT at loads of 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60% of their predetermined 1 repetition maximum (1RM) and SJ at loads of 0, (body mass only), 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60% of their predetermined 1RM in a randomized and balanced order. Power output (PO) was determined by measurement of barbell displacement with subsequent calculation of velocity, force, and power. Relative load had a significant effect on PO for both the BBT (effect size &eegr;2: 0.297, p < 0.001) and SJ (Effect Size &eegr;2: 0.709, p < 0.001). Peak power output was produced when the athletes worked against an external load equal to 30% 1RM for the upper body and 0% 1RM for the lower body.
Adversarial Model for Rotated Indoor Scenes Planning

In this paper, we propose an adversarial model for producing furniture layout for interior scene synthesis when the interior room is rotated. The proposed model combines a conditional adversarial network, a rotation module, a mode module, and a rotation discriminator module. As compared with the prior work on scene synthesis, our proposed three modules enhance the ability of auto-layout generation and reduce the mode collapse during the rotation of the interior room. We conduct our experiments on a proposed real-world interior layout dataset that contains 14400 designs from the professional designers. Our numerical results demonstrate that the proposed model yields higher-quality layouts for four types of rooms, including the bedroom, the bathroom, the study room, and the tatami room.
Immunohistochemical Analysis of Metastatic Neoplasms of the Central Nervous System

Metastatic neoplasms to the central nervous system are often encountered in the practice of surgical neuropathology. It is not uncommon for patients with systemic malignancies to present to medical attention because of symptoms from a brain metastasis and for the tissue samples procured from these lesions to represent the first tissue available to study a malignancy from an unknown primary. In general surgical pathology, the evaluation of a metastatic neoplasm of unknown primary is a very complicated process, requiring knowledge of numerous different tumor types, reagents, and staining patterns. The past few years, however, have seen a remarkable refinement in the immunohistochemical tools at our disposal that now empower neuropathologists to take an active role in defining the relatively limited subset of neoplasms that commonly metastasize to the central nervous system. This information can direct imaging studies to find the primary tumor in a patient with an unknown primary, clarify the likely primary site of origin in patients who have small tumors in multiple sites without an obvious primary lesion, or establish lesions as late metastases of remote malignancies. Furthermore, specific treatments can begin and additional invasive procedures may be prevented if the neuropathologic evaluation of metastatic neoplasms provides information beyond the traditional diagnosis of "metastatic neoplasm. " In this review, differential cytokeratins, adjuvant markers, and organ-specific antibodies are described and the immunohistochemical signatures of metastatic neoplasms that are commonly seen by neuropathologists are discussed.
Sedation for radiological imaging

To obtain high-quality CT and MRI scans, children may need to stay immobile in a particularly uncomfortable environment for a reasonable length of time. Although young infants may sleep after a feed and older children can be accommodating, many infants and children are not cooperative. The use of sedation or anaesthetics in children to provide a sleep-induced state and reduce anxiety is therefore often necessary for successful radiological practice. As anaesthetic resources and suitable equipment may be limited in some paediatric departments, many drugs have become used in children to provide safe and effective sedation. Within the UK, the only licensed drugs for sedation during radiological procedures in children are midazolam by intravenous, intramuscular or rectal routes and oral temazepam. There is also no uniform practice or guidelines regarding which pharmacological agent to use within the UK; however, the National Institute for Clinical Excellence is in the process of producing guidelines in 2010. This review aimed to provide the most up-to-date evidence about the medicines used for paediatric sedation including some used outside the UK, focusing on their success rates and the adverse reactions associated with them. Medicines, however, only form part of the picture for sedation; a whole systems approach is needed. This needs to include assessment, selection and preparation of patients before the procedure. The training and the competencies of the staff need to be maintained, and regular audit of practice should take place. Sedation sparing techniques should be used whenever possible.1 Sedation causes decreased consciousness, anxiolysis and amnesia and therefore is defined as a continuum from wakefulness to anaesthesia. Table 1 shows the definitions provided by the American Society of Anesthesiologists for levels of sedation.2 View this table: Table 1 Definitions provided by the American Society of Anesthesiologists for levels of sedation2 To ensure safe practice in children having …
Intestinal absorption of colostral lymphocytes in newborn lambs and their role in the development of immune status.

Two model experiments were conducted to study the intestinal absorption of colostral lymphoid cells and the role of these cells in the development of immune status in newborn lambs. In experiment I, 17 lambs of 14 Merino ewes were used. Suspensions of lymphoid cells separated from the colostrum (cell density: 5 x 10(6)/ml) and blood (3 x 10(6)/ml) were labelled with technetium (Na99mTcO4) of 37 MBq/ml radioactive concentration. In three groups of lambs, 10-ml volumes of the cell suspensions were injected directly into the duodenum after laparotomy, while in a fourth group (group Ia) the same volume was administered to the animals through an oesophageal tube. The labelled cells revealed that colostral cells of the lamb's own dam are absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and get into the newborn lamb's lymph circulation irrespective of the route of application. In experiment II, involving 40 lambs of 40 ewes, we studied the effect of absorbed colostral lymphocytes on the development of the newborn lamb's immune status. Twenty ewes (group A) each were treated with 3 ml tetanus anatoxin twice, while the remaining animals (group B) were left uninoculated. Lambs of group A (designated A2) were separated from their dams immediately after birth, then were administered, through an oesophageal tube, 10 ml of a suspension of lymphoid cells (cell density: 5 x 10(6)/ml) separated from the maternal colostrum. Subsequently, the lambs were interchanged with lambs of nonimmunized ewes of group B (designated lambs B1), i.e. were mutually put out to nursing. At three days of age, lambs of groups A1, A2, B1 and B2 were inoculated with 3 ml tetanus anatoxin, then blood samples were taken from them 5 times in a period of 27 days for comparative examination of the humoral and cellular immune reactions. The results demonstrate that lymphoid cells from the colostrum of the lambs' own dam become absorbed into the newborn lambs' lymph circulation, remain immunologically active and may transfer, besides immunological memory, also cellular activity.
Microbiological Beach Sand Quality in the Gaza Strip in Comparison to Seawater

Gaza beach is the only recreational area available for the local inhabitants of Gaza, Palestine. It is heavily polluted with treated, partially treated and untreated sewage from point and non-point sources. The majority of the population is below the age of 15, an age group vulnerable to gastrointestinal diseases and that usually restricts its activities to beach sand at the swash zone. A total of 5 sampling points along the Gaza beach were selected and monitored for one year (fortnightly). Microbial sand content was evaluated for faecal coliforms (FC) and faecal streptococci (FS) as well as Salmonella, Shigella and Vibrio. Seawater samples were subjected to similar evaluation. Pseudomonas, yeast and mold count were performed for all sand samples as possible sand pollution indicators. Higher faecal indicators (both FC and FS) were obtained in sand rather than in water almost in all locations. The frequency of Salmonella and Vibrio isolation was also higher in sand than in water despite the fact that only 10 grams of sand were used while one liter of seawater was collected. Statistically significant correlations were found between faecal coliform and streptococci on one side of the beach and Salmonella and Vibrio on the other side. Similar correlation was also detected between Pseudomonas levels and the isolation of Salmonella from sand samples.
Design Orientation and New Product Performance

Abstract Purpose The products of some firms emerge neither from new technology developments nor from attempting to address articulated consumers’ needs, but from a company-internal design-driven approach. To explore this design-driven approach, we propose a construct, design orientation, as a firm’s ability to integrate functionality, aesthetics, and meaning in its new products. We hypothesize relationships between a firm’s design orientation, customer orientation, technological orientation, and willingness to cannibalize on its new product performance. Methodology/approach We use data from surveys of senior marketing executives entrusted with design in 252 US firms, we validate the construct of design orientation and establish its distinctiveness from related constructs of creativity, technological orientation, and customer orientation. Using a structural equation modeling approach, we test the hypotheses and find support for them. Findings Individually, design orientation, technological orientation, and customer orientation improve new product performance. In addition, customer orientation decreases the positive effect of design orientation while willingness to cannibalize increases the positive effect of design orientation on new product performance. Implications for theory and/or practice More than two-thirds of respondents (69%) perceive that their firm can improve its new product performance by increasing its design orientation, an overlooked organizational capability. Originality/value Although practitioners have acknowledged the importance of design as a strategic marketing issue, there is little in the literature on how firms can benefit from building capabilities in the design domain, the issue we focus on in this research.
Distribution of rat neonatal Fc receptor in the principal organs of neonatal and pubertal rats

Abstract The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) mediates the transfer of IgG and albumin, also protects them from catabolism. This study characterized the expression of FcRn in different organs of neonatal and pubertal rats by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry, demonstrates that FcRn is expressed in liver, kidney, intestine, heart, lung, spleen, skin and skeletal muscles at varying levels post-gestation from d 1 to d 63. This finding is contrary to previous studies claiming that FcRn is undetectable in most tissues after weaning. Lungs were the predominant organs for FcRn expression, whereas skin, liver and intestine are considerably less expressed organs. The expression of FcRn fluctuated in all the organs tested, and with a higher frequency before weaning compared to puberty. These findings may provide clues for the better understanding of FcRn function, and are important for determining the dosage levels for IgG and the constant region fragment (Fc)-containing therapeutic proteins whose half-life is regulated by FcRn.
Topology-Aware Joint Graph Filter and Edge Weight Identification for Network Processes

Data defined over a network have been successfully modelled by means of graph filters. However, although in many scenarios the connectivity of the network is known, e.g., smart grids, social networks, etc., the lack of well-defined interaction weights hinders the ability to model the observed networked data using graph filters. Therefore, in this paper, we focus on the joint identification of coefficients and graph weights defining the graph filter that best models the observed input/output network data. While these two problems have been mostly addressed separately, we here propose an iterative method that exploits the knowledge of the support of the graph for the joint identification of graph filter coefficients and edge weights. We further show that our iterative scheme guarantees a non-increasing cost at every iteration, ensuring a globally-convergent behavior. Numerical experiments confirm the applicability of our proposed approach.