Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Partial Evaluation via Code Generation for Static Stochastic Reaction Network Models

Succinct, declarative, and domain-specific modeling languages have many advantages when creating simulation models. However, it is often challenging to efficiently execute models defined in such languages. We use code generation for model-specific simulators. Code generation has been successfully applied for high-performance algorithms in many application domains. By generating tailored simulators for specific simulation models defined in a domain-specific language, we get the best of both worlds: a succinct, declarative and formal presentation of the model and an efficient execution. We illustrate this based on a simple domain-specific language for biochemical reaction networks as well as on the network representation of the established BioNetGen language. We implement two approaches adopting the same simulation algorithms: one generic simulator that parses models at runtime and one generator that produces a simulator specialized to a given model based on partial evaluation and code generation. Akin to profile-guided optimization we also use dynamic execution of the model to further optimize the simulators. The performance of the approaches is carefully benchmarked using representative models of small to mid-sized biochemical reaction networks. The generic simulator achieves a performance similar to state of the art simulators in the domain, whereas the specialized simulator outperforms established simulation algorithms with a speedup of more than an order of magnitude. Both implementations are available online to the community under a permissive open-source license.
MPBond: efficient network-level collaboration among personal mobile devices

MPBond is an efficient system allowing multiple personal mobile devices to collaboratively fetch content from the Internet. For example, a smartwatch can assist its paired smartphone with downloading data. Inspired by the success of MPTCP, MPBond applies the concept of distributed multipath transport where multiple subflows can traverse different devices. We develop a cross-device connection management scheme, a buffering strategy, a packet scheduling algorithm, and a policy framework tailored to MPBond's architecture. We implement MPBond on commodity mobile devices such as Android smartphones and smartwatches. Our real-world evaluations using different workloads under various network conditions demonstrate the efficiency of MPBond. Compared to state-of-the-art collaboration frameworks, MPBond reduces file download time by 5% to 46%, and improves the video streaming bitrate by 2% to 118%. Meanwhile, it improves the energy efficiency by 10% to 57%.
Lyside sulphur (Lepidoptera: Pieridae): origin and possible modes of transport of an Ontario, Canada specimen

Abstract A dead lyside sulphur (Kricogonia lyside (Godart, 1819): Lepidoptera: Pieridae) was found in Guelph, Ontario, Canada, on 4 April 2011. DNA barcode analysis indicates it likely originated in Texas, United States of America or northern Mexico. The occurrence of this specimen coincided with a very strong weather system extending from southern Texas into eastern Canada on 3–4 April 2011. All possible means of it reaching Ontario are unlikely: natural dispersal, natural transportation on the jet stream, transportation on a vehicle, importation of a pupa on produce, and direct human transport. Unfortunately, there was no way to differentiate between these possibilities.
Fast-Forwarding of Vehicle Clusters in Microscopic Traffic Simulations

State fast-forwarding has been proposed as a method to reduce the computational cost of microscopic traffic simulations while retaining per-vehicle trajectories. However, since fast-forwarding relies on vehicles isolated on the road, its benefits extend only to situations of sparse traffic. In this paper, we propose fast-forwarding of vehicle clusters by training artificial neural networks to capture the interactions between vehicles across multiple simulation time steps. We explore various configurations of neural networks in light of the trade-off between accuracy and performance. Measurements in road network simulations demonstrate that cluster fast-forwarding can substantially outperform both time-driven state updates and single-vehicle fast-forwarding, while introducing only a small deviation in travel times.
What Makes IT Professionals Special?: A Literature Review on Context-Specific Theorizing in IT Workforce Research

Research on the IT workforce has played an important role in IS research for the past 40 years. An essential part of IT workforce research deals with the contextualization of theories. Models and theories are adapted to the IT environment by integrating context-specific factors to explicitly account for relevant IT-specific conditions. Our literature review addresses context-specific theorizing in IT workforce research to understand IT-specific contextual factors. By analyzing papers dealing with IT workforce related topics published in the Senior Scholars' Basket of Journals and in selected additional journals, we examine the process of contextualization in two ways. First, we synthesize predominant IT-specific contextual factors for IT workforce research. Second, we investigate approaches of contextualization in IT workforce literature. We present nine IT-specific contextual factors grouped by three perspectives. Additionally, we introduce two approaches for contextualization in the IT workforce research and give recommendations for context-specific theorizing. Our literature review contributes to a better understanding of the uniqueness of IT professionals by providing information about how context-specific theorizing is being considered in IT workforce research.
ÉTUDE BIOMÉTRIQUE DES POPULATIONS D'ABEILLES (APIS MELLIFERA) DU NORD-OUEST DE L'ESPAGNE

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. ÉTUDE BIOMÉTRIQUE DES POPULATIONS D’ABEILLES (APIS MELLIFERA) DU NORD-OUEST DE L’ESPAGNE E. Santiago, J. Albornoz, A. Domínguez, J.I. Izquierdo
The effect of tree height and light availability on photosynthetic leaf traits of four neotropical species differing in shade tolerance

1. Light-saturated rate of photosynthesis (Amax), nitrogen (N), chlorophyll (Chl) content and leaf mass per unit area (LMA) were measured in leaves of trees of different heights along a natural light gradient in a French Guiana rain forest. The following four species, arranged in order from most shade-tolerant to pioneer, were studied: Duguetia surinamensis, Vouacapoua americana, Dicorynia guianensis and Goupia glabra. Light availability of trees was estimated using hemispherical photography. 2. The pioneer species Goupia had the lowest LMA and leaf N on both an area and mass basis, whereas Duguetia had the highest values. In general, leaf variables of Vouacapoua and Dicorynia tended to be intermediates. Because Amax/area was similar among species, Goupia showed both a much higher light-saturated photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency (PNUEmax) and Amax/mass. Leaves of Vouacapoua demonstrated the greatest plasticity in Amax/area, particularly in small saplings. 3. A distinction could be made between the effect of tree height and light availability on the structural, i.e. LMA, and photosynthetic leaf characteristics of all four species. The direction and magnitude of the variation in variables were similar among species. 4. LMA was the key variable that mainly determined variation in the other leaf variables along tree height and light availability gradients, with the exception of changes in chlorophyll concentration. Amax/area, N/area, LMA and stomatal conductance to water vapour (gs) increased, whereas Chl/mass decreased, with both increasing tree height and canopy openness. Amax/mass, PNUEmax and Amax/Chl increased with increasing openness only. N/mass and Chl/area were independent of tree height and openness, except for small saplings of Goupia which had a much lower Chl/area.
Effect of water on germination of Plasmopara viticola oospores

The effect of moisture in grape leaf litter holding overwintering Plasmopara viticola oospores was investigated. Oospores were incubated under different regimes of water activity (aW 0·991 to 0·123) for 2 to 15 days and their ability to germinate and cause infection was determined using a sensitive leaf disk assay. Reduction of aW caused a significant shift in the infection dynamics, with maximum effect when aW ≤ 0·56. Dynamics of aW in the leaf litter under natural conditions were estimated from moisture data using a Chen-Clayton equation. Daily patterns of leaf litter moisture (M in % weight) were determined in non rainy periods between mid February and mid June, while the Chen-Clayton equation was calculated using data of aW and M measured in both sorption and desorption conditions, at different temperatures. Water activity was highest at 08·00 hours, decreased progressively until 14·00 hours, and then increased. Water activity was favourable for oospores to develop in about 25% of the measurements, all made between 18·00 hours and 08·00 hours. A close relationship was found between vapour pressure deficit (VPD in hPa) and aW of the leaf litter, so that when VPD is lower than 2·13 hPa there is sufficient water for oospores to develop. Results showed that leaf litter moisture due to water from the atmosphere makes oospore development possible during non rainy periods.
Phylogeographic patterns in North African water frog Pelophylax saharicus (Anura: Ranidae)

We studied the phylogeography of the Sahara frog in North Africa. We widely sampled frogs from Morocco to Tunisia (195 individuals) and sequenced two mitochondrial (16S and CO1) and one nuclear (Rag1) genes. Our results confirm that Moroccan populations of Pelophylax saharicus are genetically distinct from Algerian ones. Specimens from Alger and Djelfa (central Algeria) are genetically closer to Moroccan specimens than to east Algerian ones, and the split between these two lineages may have occurred approximately 2.6 Mya. A similar pattern of differentiation was observed in several other species and was hypothesized to be linked to the formation of the fossil island called the ‘Edough Peninsula’ in eastern Algeria around 4.2 Ma and then to have been reinforced by Pleistocene climatic changes. At the Moroccan scale, we found a low level of genetic diversity and no clear phylogeographic pattern within P. saharicus. However, our SAShA analyses revealed a mixture of random and underdistributed haplotypes, which may indicate a complex population genetic or biogeographic history.
Danger vs Fear: An Empirical Study on Wearable Users' Privacy Coping

With the arrival of Internet of Things, the magnitude of data shared through various devices has seen a drastic increase. Fitness trackers contribute to a significant part of this phenomenon. Increase in collection of individual's information has led to increase in privacy issues like identity theft and targeted marketing. This study treats information privacy as a distinct dimension and develops a model, drawing from extant privacy concern literature, Extended Parallel Process Model and coping theory to understand an individual's coping behavior when faced with a privacy breach to their user generated health data. The model is empirically tested by conducting a sample survey with 225 fitness tracker users. Our findings show that increased privacy concern increases threat perceptions, which has a major impact on an individual's coping behavior. The major contribution of this study is towards the understanding of the impact of fear over loss of one's health-data privacy and the resulting shift in the attitude towards the technology itself. Theoretically this study extends fear appeals theory to information privacy by incorporating the role of individual's privacy concern. This study implies that manufacturers and policy makers in healthcare domain need to re-examine privacy and data processing policies keeping in mind potential consumer privacy concerns.
Are San Jose scale (Hom., Diaspididae) pheromone trap captures predictive of crawler densities?

Abstract: Abundance of San Jose scale (SJS), Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock), adult males and crawlers were monitored with pheromone traps checked weekly and associated sticky tape traps monitored biweekly, respectively, in commercial almond orchards in Kern County, California, USA, during 1999 and 2000. Regression analysis was used to determine if SJS crawler abundance could be predicted from SJS males captured on pheromone traps. No significant relationship (P > 0.05) was indicated for any generation or for all SJS captured for the season in 1999. With greater replication in 2000, statistically significant relationships were indicated for the first generation (r = 0.727; F = 25.712; P < 0.0001; n = 25) and for all generations (r = 0.777; F = 63.239; P < 0.0001; n = 25). An additional orchard in 2000 was divided into 18 1.21‐ha plots with different treatments applied. A statistically significant relationship was indicated for the first generation (r = 0.507; F = 11.769; P = 0.0016; n = 36) and second generation (r = 0.436; F = 7.972; p = 0.0079; n = 36). These results suggest that relative densities of SJS crawlers on sticky tapes can be estimated using SJS male trap captures for the first generation, and that this approximation is appropriate for whole orchards or for subplots within orchards as small as 1.21‐ha.
A Machine Vision-Based Method for Monitoring Broiler Chicken Floor Distribution

The proper spatial distribution of chickens is an indication of a healthy flock. Routine inspections of broiler chicken floor distribution are done manually in commercial grow-out houses every day, which is labor intensive and time consuming. This task requires an efficient and automatic system that can monitor the chicken’s floor distributions. In the current study, a machine vision-based method was developed and tested in an experimental broiler house. For the new method to recognize bird distribution in the images, the pen floor was virtually defined/divided into drinking, feeding, and rest/exercise zones. As broiler chickens grew, the images collected each day were analyzed separately to avoid biases caused by changes of body weight/size over time. About 7000 chicken areas/profiles were extracted from images collected from 18 to 35 days of age to build a BP neural network model for floor distribution analysis, and another 200 images were used to validate the model. The results showed that the identification accuracies of bird distribution in the drinking and feeding zones were 0.9419 and 0.9544, respectively. The correlation coefficient (R), mean square error (MSE), and mean absolute error (MAE) of the BP model were 0.996, 0.038, and 0.178, respectively, in our analysis of broiler distribution. Missed detections were mainly caused by interference with the equipment (e.g., the feeder hanging chain and water line); studies are ongoing to address these issues. This study provides the basis for devising a real-time evaluation tool to detect broiler chicken floor distribution and behavior in commercial facilities.
Figs, wasps and species concepts: a re-evaluation of the infraspecific taxa of Ficus macrophylla (Moraceae: Urostigma sect. Malvanthera)

Ficus macrophylla Desf. ex Pers. is redescribed with two forms, F. macrophylla f. macrophylla and F. macrophylla f. columnaris (C.Moore) D.J.Dixon. Morphological data as well as reproductive data was used to assess the criteria for infraspecific concepts of the taxa associated with F. macrophylla. Knowledge of the pollinator wasp associated with each population of F. macrophylla has permitted a much finer resolution of the relationships between taxa. The pollinator wasp of both forms of F. macrophylla is Pleistodontes froggatti Mayr. A key to the forms, notes, distribution maps and conservation status is provided.
Recognition of a Greenbug Biotype Injurious to Sorghum

A collection of greenbugs, Schizaphis graminum (Ron-dani) (C-biotype), from a population causing extensive damage to sorghum, differed from green bugs (B-biotype) originating on wheat. ‘Piper’ Sudan grass, Sorghum Sudanese (Piper) Staff. , in the seedling stage was highly resistant to the B-biotype and susceptible to the C-biotype. Differences in green bug reaction or plant injury caused by the 2 biotypes were recorded also for wheat, Triticum aestivum L. ; rye, Secale cereale L. ; oats, Avena sativa L. ; barley, Hordeum vulgare L. ; and sorghum Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench . With few exceptions, survival rates of nymphs of the 2 biotypes were similar on 30 species of Gramineae.
Craniometric and Volumetric Analyses of Cranial Base and Cranial Vault Differences in Patients With Nonsyndromic Single-Suture Sagittal Craniosynostosis.

PURPOSE How different from "normal" are the cranial base and vault of infants with nonsyndromic, single-suture sagittal synostosis (NSSS)? This study quantitatively addresses this question utilizing computed tomography (CT) analytic technology. METHOD Head CT scans of infants with NSSS and normocephalic controls were analyzed using Mimics to calculate craniometric angles, distances, and segmented volumes. Craniometric measurements and asymmetry indices were compared between NSSS and control groups using linear regressions controlling for age. Ratios of anterior-, middle-, and posterior-to-total cranial vault volume were compared between groups using beta regressions controlling for age. RESULTS Seventeen patients with NSSS and 19 controls were identified. Cranial index and interoccipital angle were significantly smaller in NSSS compared with controls (P = 0.003 and <0.001, respectively). Right-but not left-external acoustic meatus angle and internal acoustic meatus-to-midline distance were significantly greater in NSSS than in controls (P = 0.021 and 0.016, respectively). NSSS patients and controls did not significantly differ in any asymmetry indices, except for the articular fossa angle asymmetry index (P = 0.016). Anterior vault volume proportion was greater in NSSS relative to controls (proportion ratio = 1.63, P < 0.001). NSSS trended toward a smaller posterior vault volume proportion (P = 0.068) yet did not differ in middle vault volume proportion compared with controls. CONCLUSION In this small study, patients with nonsyndromic, single-suture sagittal craniosynostosis had relatively similar cranial base measurements, and larger anterior vault volumes, when compared with controls. Further work is needed to confirm the possibility of rightward asymmetry of the anterior cranial base.
Neural Correlates of Gender Face Perception in Transgender People

To date, MRI studies focused on brain sexual dimorphism have not explored the presence of specific neural patterns in gender dysphoria (GD) using gender discrimination tasks. Considering the central role of body image in GD, the present study aims to evaluate brain activation patterns with 3T-scanner functional MRI (fMRI) during gender face discrimination task in a sample of 20 hormone-naïve transgender and 20 cisgender individuals. Additionally, participants were asked to complete psychometric measures. The between-group analysis of average blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) activations of female vs. male face contrast showed a significant positive cluster in the bilateral precuneus in transmen when compared to the ciswomen. In addition, the transwomen group compared to the cismen showed higher activations also in the precuneus, as well as in the posterior cingulate gyrus, the angular gyrus and the lateral occipital cortices. Moreover, the activation of precuneus, angular gyrus, lateral occipital cortices and posterior cingulate gyrus was significantly associated with higher levels of body uneasiness. These results show for the first time the existence of a possible specific GD-neural pattern. However, it remains unclear if the differences in brain phenotype of transgender people may be the result of a sex-atypical neural development or of a lifelong experience of gender non-conformity.
The effectiveness of individual and environmental infection control measures in reducing the transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND Transmission of M. tuberculosis in healthcare settings is a preventable driver of the global tuberculosis epidemic. We aimed to assess the evidence for infection control interventions, including cough etiquette, engineering and personal respiratory protection measures, to prevent transmission of M. tuberculosis in healthcare settings. METHODS Three independent systematic reviews were performed using six databases and clinical trials websites. Randomized trials, cohort studies, before-after studies and case-control studies were included. Searches were performed for controlled studies evaluating respiratory hygiene, engineering and personal respiratory protection measures. Outcome measures included the incidence of tuberculosis infection and disease. Studies involving transmission to either humans or animals were included. RESULTS valuation of respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette interventions identified four human studies, with 22,855 participants, and one guinea pig study. Studies in humans evaluated the effects of multiple concurrent interventions. Patient use of surgical masks reduced infection by 14.8%, and tuberculosis disease was reduced by between 0.5% and 28.9%. Engineering and environmental interventions were evaluated in 10 studies of humans, including 31,776 human participants, and two guinea pig studies. Mechanical ventilation was associated with between 2.9% and 14% less infection. Nine studies of personal respiratory protection were included, including 33,913 participants. Infection was reduced by between 0% and 14.8% in studies where particulate respirators were used. The quality of included studies was assessed as low. CONCLUSION Respiratory hygiene, engineering and environmental infection controls and personal respiratory protection interventions were associated with reduced transmission of M. tuberculosis and reduced TB disease in healthcare settings.