Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
OBSERVATIONS ON 500 CASES OF MIGRAINE AND ALLIED VASCULAR HEADACHE

Title: OBSERVATIONS ON 500 CASES OF MIGRAINE AND ALLIED VASCULAR HEADACHE1 Authors: Selby G, Lance J W Published: 1960 Migraine: the clues were there 50 years ago, suggests James W Lance, Professor Emeritus of Neurology, University of New South Wales, Sydney In the 1950s, before the Ad Hoc Committee on the Classification of Headache and the more detailed criteria devised by the International Headache Society from 2004 onwards, the separation of headache entities was far from clear. During that period I had the privilege of having George Selby as a mentor while attending the Northcott Neurological Centre in Sydney. He was a meticulous clinician with a particular interest in migraine, a condition that was in ample supply in that outpatient clinic, which had been established to provide neurological advice to returned servicemen and their families after World War II. Retrospective analysis of data was aided by a set pattern of history taking and typed records. Why did we refer to ‘allied vascular headaches’? The occurrence of severe episodes …
Deciphering the role of the electrostatic interactions in the α‐tropomyosin head‐to‐tail complex

Skeletal α‐tropomyosin (Tm) is a dimeric coiled‐coil protein that forms linear assemblies under low ionic strength conditions in vitro through head‐to‐tail interactions. A previously published NMR structure of the Tm head‐to‐tail complex revealed that it is formed by the insertion of the N‐terminal coiled‐coil of one molecule into a cleft formed by the separation of the helices at the C‐terminus of a second molecule. To evaluate the contribution of charged residues to complex stability, we employed single and double‐mutant Tm fragments in which specific charged residues were changed to alanine in head‐to‐tail binding assays, and the effects of the mutations were analyzed by thermodynamic double‐mutant cycles and protein–protein docking. The results show that residues K5, K7, and D280 are essential to the stability of the complex. Though D2, K6, D275, and H276 are exposed to the solvent and do not participate in intermolecular contacts in the NMR structure, they may contribute to head‐to‐tail complex stability by modulating the stability of the helices at the Tm termini. Proteins 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine structure of the bovine oocyte from the mature graafian follicle.

Nineteen oocytes aspirated from mature Graafian follicles of normally cycling cows in standing oestrus were studied. Oocytes were fixed in phosphate-buffered glutaraldehyde followed by exposure to osmium tetroxide and embedding in Epon 812. Oocytes could be classified into four types based on characteristics of nuclear components and distribution of organelles and inclusions. These types represented late maturational changes occurring shortly before ovulation. The close association of granulosa-cell processes in Type-I maturing follicular oocytes showed progressive signs of deterioration in other oocyte types. In all oocytes, numerous mitochondria with 'hood-like' appendages were observed. Single cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum
Complexity analysis of EEG in patients with schizophrenia using fractal dimension

We computed Higuchi's fractal dimension (FD) of resting, eyes closed EEG recorded from 30 scalp locations in 18 male neuroleptic-naïve, recent-onset schizophrenia (NRS) subjects and 15 male healthy control (HC) subjects, who were group-matched for age. Schizophrenia patients showed a diffuse reduction of FD except in the bilateral temporal and occipital regions, with the reduction being most prominent bifrontally. The positive symptom (PS) schizophrenia subjects showed FD values similar to or even higher than HC in the bilateral temporo-occipital regions, along with a co-existent bifrontal FD reduction as noted in the overall sample of NRS. In contrast, this increase in FD values in the bilateral temporo-occipital region was absent in the negative symptom (NS) subgroup. The regional differences in complexity suggested by these findings may reflect the aberrant brain dynamics underlying the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and its symptom dimensions. Higuchi's method of measuring FD directly in the time domain provides an alternative for the more computationally intensive nonlinear methods of estimating EEG complexity.
KINEMATIC AND KINETIC VARIABLES DIFFER BETWEEN KETTLEBELL SWING STYLES

Background: Kettlebell (KB) and indian club swings (ICS) are used diversely for developing strength and power. It has been proposed that multiple swing techniques can be used interchangeably to elicit similar adaptations within performance training. Hypothesis/Purpose: It was hypothesized that there will be not be a difference in peak joint angles between types of swings. Furthermore, given the nature of the overhead kettlebell swing (OKS), it was hypothesized that the OKS will be associated with a greater cycle time and a greater vertical impulse compared to shoulder height swing (SKS) and ICS. The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinematics and kinetics of the SKS, OKS, and ICS. Methods: Fifteen healthy subjects underwent 3D biomechanical analysis for assessment of kinematic and kinetic data. Subjects performed two trials of ten repetitions at full effort for each swing in a randomized order using either a standard set of 0.45 kg indian clubs or sex specific KB loads (Female = 12kg, Male = 20kg). Lower extremity sagittal plane kinematics and kinetics were analyzed for peak values during the down and up portions of the swing patterns. Statistical analyses were carried out utilizing one-way ANOVAs ( p <.05) and effect size indices. Results: Cycle time for the OKS was 34% longer than the SKS and ICS ( p <.001; ESI SKS = 2.09, ESI ICS =1.92). In general, ankle (SKS: 0.82±0.16; OKS: 0.90±0.21; ICS: 0.60±0.15 BW*BH) and hip joint moments (SKS: 2.34±0.68; OKS: 2.32±0.53; ICS: 1.84±0.47 BW*BH) and joint powers, along with peak vertical ground reaction forces (vGRF) (SKS: 0.98±0.14; OKS: 0.96±0.10; ICS: 0.86±0.11 BW/s), were higher in the SKS and OKS than the ICS ( p <.001; ankle: ESI SKS/OKS =0.43, ESI SKS/ICS =1.42; hip: ESI SKS/OKS =0.03, ESI SKS/ICS =0.87; vGRF: ESI SKS/OKS =1.80, ESI SKS/ICS =0.20). There were no observed differences found in peak joint angles between the movements. Conclusion: Although these swings are kinematically similar, the differing kinetic demands of these exercises may be important in selecting the right training modality for specific strength and power training. Level of Evidence: 2
Radar and radio data fusion platform for future intelligent transportation system

We present a software-defined data fusion system which integrates both radar (sensing) function and radio (communication) function within a single transceiver platform. In the proposed architecture, the radar mode and the radio mode operate in different time slots. The required modulated waveform is generated with the help of a direct digital synthesizer (DDS) that is able to control signal parameters such as amplitude, frequency and phase with very high resolution. For the radar mode, a specially arranged trapezoidal frequency modulation continuous-wave (TFMCW) modulation scheme is adopted, which combines three time intervals, namely an up-chirp, a constant-frequency period and a down-chirp. As such, range-velocity ambiguity can be resolved. Moreover, a constant-frequency period follows the radar cycle in the transmitted signal, which can be encoded with information data using different modulation schemes such as ASK, FSK, PSK, and some combinations among them. A low-frequency prototype for the 5.9-GHz dedicated short range communication (DSRC) system was designed and prototyped. Both system simulation results and preliminary measurement results have proved the proposed concept. The presented system has demonstrated such advantages as low cost, low complexity, and versatile functionality, which promises to play an important role in the design of future intelligent transportation system.
Towards Power-Aware Memory for Virtual Machines

The current trend towards hardware consolidation, using full machine virtualization techniques, demands more and more powerful host systems with huge amounts of main memory. To operate such systems economically, power management for the memory system is becoming an important issue. Previous work has only investigated power management for traditional operating systems. This thesis, for the first time, analyzes the specific challenges and opportunities of the virtualization environment to provide memory power management. We adapt previously described techniques for memory power management in traditional operating systems to the hypervisor in a virtualization environment. In addition, we describe a number of additional techniques—specific to our environment—that help to save additional energy. We show that a set of relatively minor changes to the memory management can easily halve the static energy consumption in the memory system. Our work is based on pure virtualization with no changes to the guest operating systems. Thus, a hardware consolidation setup can collect the benefit of our memory power management for legacy guest systems. For our evaluation, we use the latest, hardware-assisted, virtualization techniques, which provide almost raw hardware performance, and demonstrate that our changes do not impact on the performance of the virtualization.
Multimodal communication for guiding a person following robot

Robots designed to support people in different tasks at home and in public areas need to be able to recognize user intentions and operate accordingly. To date, research has focused on developing the technological capabilities of the robot and the mechanism of recognition. Little is known about navigational commands that could be intuitively communicated by people in order to control a robot's movement. A two-part exploratory study was conducted to evaluate how people naturally guide the motion of a robot and whether an existing gesture vocabulary used for human-human communication can be applied to human-robot interaction. Fourteen participants were first asked to demonstrate ten different navigational commands while interacting with a Pioneer robot using a WoZ technique. In the second part of the study participants were asked to identify eight predefined commands from the U.S. Army vocabulary. The results of this study could serve as a baseline for future development of command vocabulary promoting a more natural and intuitive human-robot interaction style.
Attraction of settlement-stage coral reef fishes to reef noise

We compared catches of settlement-stage reef fishes in light traps attached to under- water speakers playing reef sounds with those of silent traps during a summer recruitment season at Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Of the total 40191 reef fishes we collected, significantly more (67%; Wilcoxon and Binomial tests: p< 0.001) appeared in the traps with broadcast reef noise. Traps deployed with speakers consistently caught a greater diversity of species (Wilcoxon test: p< 0.001, total 81 vs 68) than did silent traps. This study provides a clear demonstration that the settlement-stages of a broad range of families of coral reef fishes are attracted to reef sounds.
Salmonella infection presenting as hematochezia on the first day of life.

Salmonella infections are common in young infants. The incidence in the first month of life is estimated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to be approximately 75 per 100 000 liveborn infants.1 Symptomatic neonatal Salmonella infections generally develop during or after the first week of life. We recently cared for two otherwise healthy newborns who developed bloody stools within 24 hours of birth as the clinical manifestation of a Salmonella infection. These two cases and a review of the literature describing six similar patients are presented to highlight the infectious etiology for hematochezia on the first day of life.
Herniated Cervical Intervertebral Discs Spontaneously Produce Matrix Metalloproteinases, Nitric Oxide, Interleukin‐6, and Prostaglandin E2

Study Design Herniated cervical disc specimens were obtained from patients undergoing surgical discectomy for persistent radiculopathy and cultured in vitro to determine whether various biochemical agents were being produced. Objectives Our hypothesis is that biochemical mediators of inflammation and tissue degradation play a role in cervical intervertebral disc degeneration and in the pathophysiology of cervical radiculopathy. Summary of Background Data Neck pain with or without radiculopathy is a common clinical problem, but the etiology of neck pain and the exact pathophysiology of rediculopathy remain uncertain, We have previously reported the production of various biochemical agents by herniated lumbar disc specimens in vitro. Because of a lack of such studies in the literature with respect to the cervical spine, the purpose of this study was to determine whether similar biochemical agents of inflammation and tissue degradation were being produced by herniated cervical disc specimens. Methods Eighteen herniated cervical dises were obtained from 15 patients undergoing anterior disc surgery. The specimens were cultured and incubated for 72 hours, and the media were subsequently collected for biochemical analysis. Biochemical assays for matrix metalloproteinases, nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, and a variety of cytokines were performed. As a control group, six cervical discs specimens were obtained from three patients undergoing anterior surgery for traumatic burst fractures, and similar biochemical analyses were performed. Results The culture media from the herniated cervical disc specimens showed increased levels of matrix metalloproteinase activity compared with the control discs. Similarly, the levels of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, and interleukin-6 were significantly higher in the hernlated disc specimens compared with the control discs, Interleukin-1α, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein, and substance P were not detected in the culture media of the herniated or control discs. Conclusions Herniated cervical disc specimens were making spontaneously increased amounts of matrix metalloproteinases, nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, and interleukin-6. These results were similar to those obtained in herniated lumbar disc specimens that we have previously reported. These products may be intimately involved in the biochemistry of disc degeneration and the pathophysiology of radiculopathy.
MVC architecture based neuro-fuzzy approach for distribution feeder reconfiguration for loss reduction and load balancing

This paper presents a feeder reconfiguration algorithm for the line loss reduction and feeder load balancing with minimum consumption of time. The proposed algorithm efficiently utilizes a heuristic based fuzzy strategy and constrained fuzzy operation along with back propagation neural network. This approach reduces the computation cost making it suitable for online application. A layered MVC architecture with strict top-down dependency is proposed to decrease software couplings. A new network configuration is obtained through the proposed algorithm, which line achieves loss reduction and feeder load balance at the same time. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by employing the feeder switching operation scheme to a distribution system. The desired switching operations can be fulfilled in a very efficient manner as indicated from the results.
Fast LMS/Newton algorithms based on autoregressive modeling and their application to acoustic echo cancellation

We propose two new implementations of the LMS/Newton algorithm for efficient realization of long adaptive filters. We assume that the input sequence to the adaptive filter can be modeled as an autoregressive (AR) process whose order may be kept much lower than the adaptive filter length. The two algorithms differ in their structural complexity. The first algorithm, which will be an exact implementation of the LMS/Newton algorithm if the AR modeling assumption is accurate, is structurally complicated and fits best into a digital signal processing (DSP)-based implementation. On the other hand, the second algorithm is structurally simple and is tailored more toward very large-scale integrated (VLSI) custom chip design. Analyses of the proposed algorithms are given. It is found that for long filters, both algorithms perform about the same. However for short filters, a noticeable difference between the two may be observed. Simulation results that confirm our theoretical findings are given. Moreover, experiments with speech signals for modeling the acoustics of an office room show the superior convergence of the proposed algorithms when compared with the normalized LMS algorithm.
Serum Concentrations of Anthraquinones after Intake of Folium Sennae and Potential Modulation on P-glycoprotein

Abstract Folium Sennae (leaves of Cassia angustifolia or senna) is a laxative and a component in diets for weight control. It contains a variety of anthranoids such as sennosides, aloe-emodin, and rhein. In order to measure the serum concentrations of senna anthranoids, Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered with single dose and multiple doses of Folium Sennae. The concentrations of anthranoids in serum were determined by HPLC method before and after hydrolysis with sulfatase and β-glucuronidase. The results showed that in the serum, aloe-emodin glucuronides and rhein glucuronides were the major metabolites. Traces of rhein free form were present transiently during the early phase, whereas the free form of aloe-emodin was not detected. We also evaluated the modulation effect of Folium Sennae on P-glycoprotein by using the LS 180 cell model which showed that it significantly inhibited P-glycoprotein by 16–46 %. In conclusion, senna anthranoids were rapidly and extensively metabolized to rhein glucuronides and aloe-emodin glucuronides in rats. Folium Sennae ingestion inhibited the efflux function of P-glycoprotein in the intestine.
Sun/shade conditions affect recruitment and local adaptation of a columnar cactus in dry forests.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Facilitation among plants in water-limited environments (i.e. where evapotranspiration overcomes the availability of water during the growing season) has been considered a local adaptation to water and light conditions. Among cacti, early life-history stages can benefit from the facilitative effects of nurse plants that reduce solar radiation and water stress. However, whether light condition itself acts as an agent of selection through facilitation remains untested. The aim of this study was to determine (1) whether light conditions affect seedling recruitment, (2) whether the positive effect of shade on seedling recruitment is more intense under more stressful conditions and (3) whether shade condition (facilitation) reduces the magnitude of local adaptation on seedling recruitment relative to full sunlight conditions. METHODS A reciprocal transplant experiment, coupled with the artificial manipulation of sun/shade conditions, was performed to test for the effects of local adaptation on germination, seedling survival and growth, using two demes of the columnar cactus Pilosocereus leucocephalus, representing different intensities of stressful conditions. KEY RESULTS Full sunlight conditions reduced recruitment success and supported the expectation of lower recruitment in more stressful environments. Significant local adaptation was mainly detected under full sunlight conditions, indicating that this environmental factor acts as an agent of selection at both sites. CONCLUSIONS The results supported the expectation that the magnitude of local adaptation, driven by the effects of facilitative nurse plants, is less intense under reduced stressful conditions. This study is the first to demonstrate that sun/shade conditions act as a selective agent accounting for local adaptation in water-limited environments, and that facilitation provided by nurse plants in these environments can attenuate the patterns of local adaptation among plants benefiting from the nurse effect.
Spatial-Feature Parametric Clustering Applied to Motion-Based Segmentation in Camouflage

In this paper we present an algorithm which forms the preprocessing stage of a system for automatically classifying Amazon forest monkeys captured on video in their natural habitat. The work is motivated by a desire to automatically monitor animal populations in natural forest environments. The method applies a graph-theoretical clustering approach to spatial and motion fields to automatically segment monkeys moving in the foreground from trees and other vegetation in the background. The algorithm is described as follows: First a d'Alembertian of a spatial-temporal Gaussian filter is convolved with a sequence of image frames to obtain an image of temporal zero crossings. Subsequently, the magnitude of the visual motion vector in the image plane is estimated at each pixel of the image of temporal zero crossings and spatial-motion-based graph-theoretical clustering is applied to the resulting velocity image. The clustered pixels are then backprojected into the original color image for each subsequent frame to obtain a segmented image sequence. By applying a threshold to the velocity image, motion due to background vegetation and camera movement can be rejected, while segments extracted from animals are retained. This is extremely important for our application as the recognizer relies on color features that are extracted from the monkeys' fur. Experimental results are presented which show that the approach can successfully extract patches of monkey skin from video shot with a simple hand held camera.
Eliciting patient treatment preferences: A strategy to integrate evidence-based and patient-centered care.

BACKGROUND The integrated patient-centered evidence-based approach to care is integral to guide practice and enhance the quality of care. In this paper, a strategy to operationalize the integrated approach is described. DESCRIPTION OF STRATEGY The strategy flows from the processes used to synthesize the best available evidence for interventions that address a clinical problem, and to elicit patient preferences for treatment options, which is an important step in patient-centered care. The strategy consists of three phases: (1) synthesis of evidence about the effectiveness and relevance of interventions derived from research and practice; (2) generation of written material describing the nature, dose, effectiveness, and risks associated with the evidence-based interventions; and (3) using the written descriptions to elicit patient preferences. Examples from an ongoing study are presented to illustrate the implementation of the strategy within the context of research. IMPLICATIONS Nurses are invited to apply the strategy in practice and to evaluate its feasibility and utility in enhancing the quality of care.
Modeling, optimization and performance prediction of parallel algorithms

The high intensity of research and modeling in fields of mathematics, physics, biology and chemistry requires new computing resources. For the big computational complexity of such tasks computing time is large and costly. The most efficient way to increase efficiency is to adopt parallel principles. Purpose of this paper is to present the issue of parallel computing with emphasis on the analysis of parallel systems, the impact of communication delays on their efficiency and on overall execution time. Paper focuses is on finite algorithms for solving systems of linear equations, namely the matrix manipulation (Gauss elimination method GEM). Algorithms are designed for architectures with shared memory (openMP), distributed-memory (MPI) and for their combination (MPI+openMP). The properties of the algorithms were analytically determined and they were experimentally verified. The conclusions are drawn for theory and practice.