Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Schweigen ist Silber, Reden ist Gold? Die Rolle von Sprache als Determinante expliziten Wissens

Bewusstsein ist ein zentrales Phaenomen menschlichen Erlebens, dennoch gibt es bislang nicht einmal eine einheitliche Definition von Bewusstsein, geschweige denn Uebereinstimmung darueber, wie Bewusstsein eigentlich entsteht. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersuchte in einer inzidentellen Lernsituation eine moegliche Determinante fuer die Entstehung von Bewusstsein. Dazu wurde die Rolle von Sprache, operationalisiert ueber die Moeglichkeit zur Bildung einer verbalen (Aufgaben-) Repraesentation, sowohl fuer die bewusste Gewahrwerdung einer aufgabenimmanenten Regularitaet als auch fuer die Nutzung erworbenen Regelwissens im Sinne einer Top-Down-Steuerung betrachtet. Waehrend das erste Experiment die Sprachbeteiligung mithilfe des Stimulusmaterials manipulierte, replizierte Experiment 2 die Befunde des ersten Experiments unter Verwendung artikulatorischer Unterdrueckung. Das dritte Experiment konnte zeigen, dass sich der Effekt artikulatorischer Unterdrueckung auch in einer intentionalen Lernsituation findet, was nahelegt, dass der explizites Wissen generierende Integrationsprozess (Frensch et al., 2003; Haider und Frensch, 2005, 2009) sprachabhaengig ist. Die letzten beiden Experimente konnten Hinweise darauf finden, dass die Wirkung artikulatorischer Unterdrueckung nicht allein auf eine Stoerung des Response Timings (Burgess und Hitch, 1999; Henson, Hartley, Burgess, Hitch und Flude, 2003) oder einen Reaktionskonflikt (Pashler und Johnston, 1989; Tombu und Jolicoeur, 2002) zurueckzufuehren ist. Insofern sprechen die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Experimente dafuer, dass eine verbale Repraesentation die bewusste Gewahrwerdung der aufgabenimmanenten Regularitaet positiv beeinflusst und im Sinne der Verhaltenssteuerung (z. B. Cleeremans und Jimenez, 2002; Emerson und Miyake, 2003; Kray, Eber und Lindenberger, 2004) an der Nutzung expliziten Wissens im Rahmen einer Top-Down-Steuerung beteiligt ist.
Fagus sylvatica L. recruitment across a fragmented Mediterranean Landscape, importance of long distance effective dispersal, abiotic conditions and biotic interactions

Native tree populations have been fragmented by anthropogenic disturbance worldwide, leaving them at risk from extinction. The possibility of sizable recovery of fragmented populations is a function of their dispersal, the abiotic conditions, and the biotic interactions. The relative importance of these three drivers for the recruitment rate of a fragmented population of the late‐successional Fagus sylvatica L. was analysed at the landscape scale in Causse du Larzac, southern margins of the Massif Central, in the South of France. We used regression models on observational data to analyse the response of Fagus recruitment rate to the distance to the nearest mature population, to climatic and geological variables, and to variables describing biotic interactions (pine vs. grassland, light, shrub cover). Distance to the nearest F. sylvatica adult population was the most important explanatory variable. Recruitment rate was also influenced by facilitative biotic interactions with shrubs, and by the climatic conditions of the plot. Recruitment occurred at a greater distance from the nearest mature population of Fagus in pine forests than in grassland. Dispersal was the major limitation to recruitment of F. sylvatica in this landscape. The recruitment rate was then modulated by the climate and positive biotic interactions. The activity of the European jay could be of great importance for such fragmented populations, because it can lead to long‐distance dispersal events and may result in a preferential dispersal towards pine forests.
Research on the changes of some physiological parameters in several fish species under the action of the thiametoxame insecticide

The concentrations of Actara used in all experiments and treatments were established by conducting preliminary survival tests. Since the toxic substance (the thiamethoxame) is highly soluble in water, irrespectively the species, the fish individuals were introduced into water after only 5 minutes of mixing and aeration. The water temperature was maintained at 18-20C, and the ‘immersion’ solution was permanently aerated and changed every 48 hours. The fish were not fed during the experiments in order to avoid the additional influence of this factor.
The Effect of pH on Soil Actinophage

Actinophage active against both neutrophilic and acidophilic streptomycetes were isolated from a variety of soils by a specific enrichment method. No phage were detected in soils with a pH below 6.0, despite the presence of acidophilic streptomycetes in these soils. However, some phage isolated from neutral soils were able to lyse acidophilic streptomycetes at pH 5.5. Selected actinophage were shown to be stable between pH 5.5 and 9.0 in sterile soils and broth, but were rapidly inactivated at lower or higher pH values. Survival of these phage was good in neutral soils, but negligible in acidic soils. This suggested that free phage were unable to remain infective in acidic soils, thus at least partially accounting for the failure to isolate them. Acidity was shown to have variable effects on several stages of phage replication including adsorption, penetration and the length of the latent period. The latter effect was directly related to the metabolic activity of the host.
Effects of inflammation and infection on peritoneal transport

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) allows solute and water transport. Adequate PD depends on a good function of the peritoneal membrane. Peritoneal morphological and functional alterations mostly develop with time on PD. Glucose based dialysis solutions, inflammation and infections are conceivable enemies for peritoneal integrity. In this thesis, the effects of potential enemies on the peritoneal membrane have been described. Furthermore, the experience with peritonitis in the AMC has been discussed with regard to important treatment changes over 32-years of clinical practice. Peritonitis is a manageable complication of PD. Peritonitis rates have improved significantly over the years because of several changes in PD treatment, but the need to change the initial antibiotic increased, because the most frequent cause of peritonitis, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, showed a decreased susceptibility for the initial empiric antibiotic over time. On top of the natural course of peritoneal function, peritonitis episodes influenced to some extent the time-course of small solute and fluid transport. These modifications will increase the risk of overhydration, especially in patients without urine production. In contrast to the number or timing of the peritonitis episodes, severe peritonitis had a negative effect on the time-course of peritoneal transport. Patients who experienced frequent peritonitis episodes in the first three years of PD, had low dialysate IgG concentrations at the start of PD. This may lead to a lower opsonic activity, which is a risk factor for peritonitis. This thesis contributes to a better understanding of the causes and effects of peritoneal alterations, including consequences for prevention and treatment.
Interactivity Communication and Trust: Further Studies of Leadership in the Electronic Age

Abstract : Successful leadership and team performance are built on a foundation of trust and effective communication between and among leaders and team members. A broad range of new communication technologies, now ubiquitous in today's military, allow leaders and their teams to work remotely from one another. Our current research program, consisting of 11 laboratory and field experiments, seeks to answer the question of how these technologies affect leaders' ability to foster high trust, morale, and performance with their team by testing the principle of interactivity: whether messages sent and received are coherently and tightly linked, create coordinated communication, and are marked by involvement, mutuality (sense of connection, receptivity, common ground, mutual understanding), and individuation (clear and detailed knowledge of sender and receiver identities). Proximal, real-time, and multi-sensory message exchange technologies promote interactivity. We have continued to investigate which forms of electronic communication help or hinder interactivity, as well as whether task load-the degree to which a task is cognitively and/or physically effortful and demanding-alters interactivity and trust. Our results offer best communication practices that will help leaders maximize trust when needed, dampen interactivity and trust when skepticism is needed, and prevent unintended negative consequences when using electronic media.
On velocity and reactive scalar spectra in turbulent premixed flames

Abstract Kinetic energy and reactive scalar spectra in turbulent premixed flames are studied from compressible three-dimensional direct numerical simulations (DNS) of a temporally evolving rectangular slot-jet premixed flame, a statistically one-dimensional configuration. The flames correspond to a lean premixed hydrogen–air mixture at an equivalence ratio of 0.7, preheated to 700 K and at 1 atm, and three DNS are considered with a fixed jet Reynolds number of 10 000 and a jet Damköhler number varying between 0.13 and 0.54. For the study of spectra, motivated by the need to account for density change, which can be locally strong in premixed flames, a new density-weighted definition for two-point velocity/scalar correlations is proposed. The density-weighted two-point correlation tensor retains the essential properties of its constant-density (incompressible) counterpart and recovers the density-weighted Reynolds stress tensor in the limit of zero separation. The density weighting also allows the derivation of balance equations for velocity and scalar spectrum functions in the wavenumber space that illuminate physics unique to combusting flows. Pressure–dilatation correlation is a source of kinetic energy at high wavenumbers and, analogously, reaction rate–scalar fluctuation correlation is a high-wavenumber source of scalar energy. These results are verified by the spectra constructed from the DNS data. The kinetic energy spectra show a distinct inertial range with a $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}-5/3$ scaling followed by a ‘diffusive–reactive’ range at higher wavenumbers. The exponential drop-off in this range shows a distinct inflection in the vicinity of the wavenumber corresponding to a laminar flame thickness, $\delta _L$ , and this is attributed to the contribution from the pressure–dilatation term in the energy balance in wavenumber space. Likewise, a clear spike in spectra of major reactant species (hydrogen) arising from the reaction-rate term is observed at wavenumbers close to $\delta _L$ . It appears that in the inertial range classical scaling laws for the spectra involving the Kolmogorov scale are applicable, but in the high-wavenumber range where chemical reactions have a strong signature the laminar flame thickness produces a better collapse. It is suggested that a full scaling should perhaps involve the Kolmogorov scale, laminar flame thickness, Damköhler number and Karlovitz number.
Anaerobic baffled reactor for treatment of textile dye effluent

In present paper, continuous anaerobic treatment technology has been developed in anaerobic baffle reactor (ABR) and some process parameters [hydraulic retention time (HRT), organic loading rate (OLR), pH and temperature] were optimized. Active bacteria for degradation were added as digested sewage sludge. Highly colored wastewater has successfully been treated in ABR. Textile industrial waste organic matter gave maximum biogas yield (1.64 ± 0.02 l/d; methane, 83%) and COD removal (71.5%) at optimum parameters (OLR, 0.500 kg/m 3 /d; HRT, 4 days; pH, 6.5-7.3; and temp., 30-35°C).
Assessment of Genotoxic Potential in Rats Collected from Bathinda District of South-west Punjab

| The wide spread use of the chemicals in agriculture has caused environmental pollution and potential health hazards. The present study was carried out to evaluate the genotoxicity in rats inhabiting Bathinda. Rats were brought to laboratory and separated according to species. The animals were dissected and the liver was processed for microsomal degranulation. The frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes in femoral bone marrow preparations was also evaluated. Increase in microsomal degranulation was observed among Bathinda rats of all the species as compared to control rats. Maximum microsomal degranulation was in Tatera indica (5.6%) followed by Rattus rattus (5.3%)and Bandicota bengalensis (2%) collected from Bathinda. Microsomal degranulation in rats inhabiting Ludhiana district was 1%, 2.4% and 3% respectively. Frequency of micronucleated cells was significantly increased in all field rats inhabiting Bathinda district as compared to Ludhiana district. The present study substantiates the genotoxic potential of environmental contaminants in rats inhabiting southwest region of Punjab.
11 43 0 v 2 [ qu an tph ] 2 3 O ct 2 01 8 Time-dependent resonance interaction energy between two entangled atoms under non-equilibrium conditions

Giuseppe Fiscelli , Roberta Palacino, Roberto Passante, Lucia Rizzuto, Salvatore Spagnolo, and Wenting Zhou 1 Università degli Studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Via Archirafi 36, I-90123 Palermo, Italia 2 INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, I-95123 Catania, Italy 3 SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom 4 Università degli Studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Energia, Ingegneria dell’Informazione e Modelli Matematici, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 9, I-90128 Palermo, Italia and 5 Center for Nonlinear Science and Department of Physics, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
Exercise and Fluid Replacement

SUMMARY This Position Stand provides guidance on fluid replacement to sustain appropriate hydration of individuals performing physical activity. The goal of prehydrating is to start the activity euhydrated and with normal plasma electrolyte levels. Prehydrating with beverages, in addition to normal meals and fluid intake, should be initiated when needed at least several hours before the activity to enable fluid absorption and allow urine output to return to normal levels. The goal of drinking during exercise is to prevent excessive ( 9 2% body weight loss from water deficit) dehydration and excessive changes in electrolyte balance to avert compromised performance. Because there is considerable variability in sweating rates and sweat electrolyte content between individuals, customized fluid replacement programs are recommended. Individual sweat rates can be estimated by measuring body weight before and after exercise. During exercise, consuming beverages containing electrolytes and carbohydrates can provide benefits over water alone under certain circumstances. After exercise, the goal is to replace any fluid electrolyte deficit. The speed with which rehydration is needed and the magnitude of fluid electrolyte deficits will determine if an aggressive replacement program is merited.
Exploring Dimensionality Reduction Effects in Mixed Reality for Analyzing Tinnitus Patient Data

In the context of big data analytics, gaining insights into high-dimensional data sets can be properly achieved, inter alia, by the use of visual analytics. Current developments in the field of immersive analytics, mainly driven by the improvements of smart glasses and virtual reality headsets, are one enabler to enhance user-friendly and interactive ways for data analytics. Along this trend, more and more fields in the medical domain crave for this type of technology to analyze medical data in a new way. In this work, a mixed-reality prototype is presented that shall help tinnitus researchers and clinicians to analyze patient data more efficiently. In particular, the prototype simplifies the analysis on a high-dimensional real-world tinnitus patient data set by the use of dimensionality reduction effects. The latter is represented by resulting clusters, which are identified through the density of particles, while information loss is denoted as the remaining covered variance. Technically, the graphical interface of the prototype includes a correlation coefficient graph, a plot for the information loss, and a 3D particle system. Furthermore, the prototype provides a voice recognition feature to select or deselect relevant data variables by its users. Moreover, based on a machine learning library, the prototype aims at reducing the computational resources on the used smart glasses. Finally, in practical sessions, we demonstrated the prototype to clinicians and they reported that such a tool may be very helpful to analyze patient data on one hand. On the other, such system is welcome to educate unexperienced clinicians in a better way. Altogether, the presented tool may constitute a promising direction for the medical as well as other domains.
Singular Graphs on which the Dihedral Group Acts Vertex Transitively.

Let $Γ$ be a simple connect graph on a finite vertex set $V$ and let $A$ be its adjacency matrix. Then $Γ$ is said to be \textit{singular} if and only if $0$ is an eigenvalue of $A. $ The \textit{nullity (singularity)} of $Γ,$ denoted by ${\rm null}(Γ),$ is the \textit{algebraic multiplicity} of the eigenvalue $0$ in the spectrum of $Γ. $ The general problem of characterising singular graphs is easy to state but it seems too difficult in this time. In this work, we investigate this problem for finite graphs on which the dihedral group $D_n$ acts vertex transitively as group of automorphisms. We determine the nullity of such graphs. We show that Cayley graphs over dihedral groups $D_{p^s} $ is non-singular if $|H \cap C_{p^s}|\neq |H \cap C_{p^s}b|$ and $|H|
Tariff Preferences, WTO Negotiations and the Ldcs: The Case of the 'Everything But Arms' Initiative

By assessing the impact of the recently adopted 'Everything But Arms' (EBA) initiative of the EU on the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and by showing how further multilateral trade liberalisations erode the EBA preferences and impact the LDCs, this paper attempts to uncover the LDCs' difficult positions in the WTO trade negotiations. Due to its limited product coverage and previous preferences granted by the EU, welfare impacts of the EBA on the LDCs are shown to be small and the bulk of these gains are associated with the 'sensitive' products that are subject to gradual liberalisations. Moreover, these small gains are likely to disappear if the EU conducts trade policy reforms in fulfilling its WTO obligations, resulting in an actually worse-off situation for the LDCs. Extending the analysis to a multilateral trade liberalisation scenario reinforces the above results that the LDCs may well lose due to preference erosion and higher world market prices. It concludes that other development assistance measures from developed countries should be made available to the LDCs to ease their dependency on trade preferences and to foster their supply capacities. The LDCs themselves should attempt to integrate the duty and quota-free market access status contained in the EBA into a binding WTO agreement to secure a stable trading environment. But more importantly, in order to solve the difficulties at the root these countries should actively engage in reforming their own trade policies. Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2005.
Rainbow Matchings of size $m$ in Graphs with Total Color Degree at least $2mn$

The existence of a rainbow matching given a minimum color degree, proper coloring, or triangle-free host graph has been studied extensively. This paper generalizes these problems to edge colored graphs with given total color degree. In particular, we find that if a graph $G$ has total color degree $2mn$ and satisfies some other properties, then $G$ contains a matching of size $m$. These other properties include $G$ being triangle-free, $C_4$-free, properly colored, or large enough.
Statistica Sinica Preprint No : SS-2017-0243 Title Efficient Estimation of Partially Linear Models for Data on Complicated Domains by Bivariate Penalized Splines over Triangulations

In this paper, we study the estimation of partially linear models for spatial data distributed over complex domains. We use bivariate splines over triangulations to represent the nonparametric component on an irregular two-dimensional domain. The proposed method is formulated as a constrained minimization problem which does not require constructing finite elements or locally supported basis functions. Thus, it allows an easier implementation of piecewise polynomial representations of various degrees and various smoothness over an arbitrary triangulation. Moreover, the constrained minimization problem is converted into an unconstrained minimization via a QR decomposition of the smoothness constraints, which allows for the development of a fast and efficient penalized least squares algorithm to fit the model. The estimators of the parameters are proved to be asymptotically normal under some regularity conditions. The estimator of the bivariate function is consistent, and its rate of convergence is also established. The proposed method enables us to construct confidence intervals and permits inference for the parameters. The performance of the estimators is evaluated by two simulation examples and by a real data analysis.
Cryotherapy: Physiological Considerations and Applications to Physical Therapy

Contemporary cryogenics has been developing from the end of the 19th century since the liquefaction of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen, and also the industrial production and storage of liquid coolants, enabled the development of cryobiology and the use of extremely low temperatures in medicine. The term "cryotherapy" was first used in 1908 by A.W. Pusey to describe the treatment of skin lesions with very low temperatures [Zagrobelny et al. 1999; Jezierski 2006;]. Currently, cryotherapy refers to various treatments aimed at lowering the body surface temperature without tissue destruction, whereas in cryosurgery diseased tissues are destroyed through freezing. The world's first cryogenictemperature chamber was set up in Japan, in 1978. Thanks to Yamauchi and his team, cryotherapy began to be widely used in medicine [Zagrobelny 2003; Skrzek 2009].