Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bound analysis of natural gradient descent in stochastic optimization setting

Natural gradient descent is a metric aware optimization algorithm which utilizes an underlying Riemannian parameter space, and has successfully improved performance in statistical asymptotic and experimental point of view. In this paper, we investigate the bound property of natural gradient descent in stochastic optimization setting. The bound property is analyzed in both direct and indirect ways. Substituting natural gradient for vanilla gradient is considered as the direct analysis. In this way, we analyze the bound of natural gradient descent method by convergence analysis technique. Afterwards, the bound is analyzed in an indirect way by introducing mirror gradient according to its equivalence to natural gradient. Employing mirror gradient in bound analysis makes the procedure of parameter update more intuitive. We finally present experimental results to support our theoretical findings.
Orthodontic Treatment of Class I Malocclusion with Sever Crowding without Extraction of any Sound Erupted Tooth A Case Report

This report describes treatment of a 20-year- old Iraqi male with sever maxillary and mandibular arch crowding, deep bite, anterior and posterior cross bite. The patient presented with chief complaint of irregularly placed anterior teeth and unaesthetic smile. After completing the levelling and alignment, surgical extraction of impacted left mandibular third molar was done. The mandibular anterior segment crowding was improved during the first postoperative week. The active treatment time was 11 month result in successfully alleviating the maxillary and mandibular arches crowding, correcting deep bite and cross bite without extraction of any sound erupted tooth. After treatment, all of the patient’s chief complaints were relieved. Hawley retainers were placed after debonding and the patient instructed to wear them for the following two years.
Concentrations and risks of p-dichlorobenzene in indoor and outdoor air.

UNLABELLED p-dichlorobenzene (PDCB) is a chlorinated volatile organic compound that can be encountered at high concentrations in buildings owing to its use as pest repellent and deodorant. This study characterizes PDCB concentrations in four communities in southeast Michigan. The median concentration outside 145 homes was 0.04 μg/m(3), and the median concentration inside 287 homes was 0.36 μg/m(3). The distribution of indoor concentrations was extremely skewed. For example, 30% of the homes exceeded 0.91 μg/m(3), which corresponds to a cancer risk level of 10(-5) based on the California unit risk estimate, and 4% of homes exceeded 91 μg/m(3), equivalent to a 10(-3) risk level. The single highest measurement was 4100 μg/m(3). Estimates of whole-house emission rates were largely consistent with chamber test results in the literature. Indoor concentrations that exceed a few μg/m(3) indicate the use of PDCB products. PDCB concentrations differed among households and the four cities, suggesting the importance of locational, cultural, and behavioral factors in the use patterns of this chemical. The high PDCB levels found suggest the need for policies and actions to lower exposures, for example, sales or use restrictions, improved labeling, and consumer education. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Distributions of p-dichlorobenzene concentrations in residences are highly right-skewed, and a subset of houses has very elevated concentrations that are equivalent to an excess cancer risk of 10(-3) or higher based on the California unit risk effect estimate. House-to-house variation is large, reflecting differences in use practices. Stronger policies and educational efforts are needed to eliminate or modify indoor usage practices of this chemical.
Depression and anxiety during pregnancy and six months postpartum: a follow‐up study

Aims. To investigate the relationship between antenatal and postpartum depression and anxiety and to explore associated maternal characteristics. Methods. From a population‐based sample of 1,555 women attending two obstetric clinics in Sweden, all women with an antenatal psychiatric diagnosis (n=220) and a random selection of healthy women (n=500) were contacted for a second assessment three to six months postpartum. The Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders was used for evaluation on both occasions. Results. Fewer cases of depressive and/or anxiety disorders were prevalent postpartum compared with the second trimester screening. Depression and/or anxiety were prevalent in 16.5% of postpartal women versus 29.2% of pregnant women. There was a significant shift from a majority of subthreshold diagnoses during pregnancy to full Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) diagnoses during the postpartum period. A history of previous psychiatric disorder, living single, and obesity were significantly associated with a new‐onset postpartum psychiatric disorder. The absence of a previous psychiatric disorder was significantly associated with a postpartum recovery of depression or anxiety. Conclusions. Depression and anxiety appear to be less common postpartum than during pregnancy.
The effects of the hot, humid tropical climate and early age feed restriction on stress and fear responses, and performance in broiler chickens

The present study was conducted to determine the effects of two types of housing systems and early age feed restriction on stress and fear reactions, and performance in broiler chickens raised in a hot, humid tropical climate. On day 1, chicks were housed either in windowless environmentally controlled chambers (temperature was set at 32°C on day 1 and gradually reduced to 23°C by day 21) or in conventional open-sided houses (OH) with cyclic temperatures (minimum, 24°C; maximum, 34°C). An equal number of chicks from each housing system was subjected to either ad libitum feeding (AL) or 60% feed restriction on day 4, 5 and 6 (FR). The CH birds showed greater weight gain, higher feed consumption and better feed conversion ratios (FCR) than their OH counterparts. Feeding regimen had negligible effect on overall performance. Neither housing nor feeding regimen had a significant (p<0.05) effect on mortality rate. Although the CH birds were less stressed, as measured by plasma corticosterone concentration (CORT), than those of OH, the former showed longer TI duration suggesting higher magnitude of underlying fearfulness. A significant (p<0.05) effect of housing on heterophil/lymphocyte ratios was only noted among the AL birds where the CH birds had higher values than OH. Collectively, these results suggest that although OH birds had poorer performance and higher level of stress than CH, the former were less fearful. Although FR had negligible effect on growth performance, the regimen alleviated both stress and fear reactions in broilers.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Betulinic Acid Derivatives as New Antitumor Agents for Leukemia.

BACKGROUND Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is currently treated with imatinib, a Bcr-Abl inhibitor. However, resistance to this drug usually develops over time. Triptolide, a diterpenoid triepoxide, has been shown active against CML cells resistant to imatinib, acting mainly on the level of Bcr-Abl transcription inhibition. OBJECTIVE Here, we used the triterpene betulinic acid, a known proteasome inhibitor with potential antileukemic activity, as a scaffold for the generation of analogues with predicted triptolide biological activity. METHOD Betulinic acid derivatives were designed based on the structure-activity relationship of triptolide and evaluated for their cytotoxic effects in CML cells, lymphocytes and human keratinocytes (HaCaT), as well as against the proteasome complex. The main modification performed on betulinic acid was fluorination at C-28 and epoxidation, both of which are responsible for enhancing activity of triptolide. A total of 10 compounds were obtained: 6 previously described and 4 novel compounds. The cytotoxic activity over a CML cell line (K562) was assessed using flow cytometry and compared to lymphocytes and HaCaT. RESULT The results show that betulinic acid was the most cytotoxic compound against CML cells, showing a good selectivity index for cancer over normal cells. The most important trend for the activity in betulinic acid derivatives is the presence of a free hydroxyl group at C-3 and a carboxyl group at C-28. Results also indicated that the epoxide is important for enhancing the activity, while modification at C-28 worsens the activity. CONCLUSION Proteasome inhibition assays suggest that proteasome is the main target for betulinic acid and its derivatives.
Confidence Estimation Methods for Partially Supervised Information Extraction

Text documents convey valuable information about entities and relations between entities that can be exploited in structured form for data mining, retrieval, and integration. A promising direction is a family of partially-supervised relation extraction systems that require little manual training. However, the output of such systems tend to be noisy, and hence it is crucial to be able to estimate the quality of the extracted information. We present Expectation-Maximization algorithms for automatically evaluating the quality of the extraction patterns and derived relation tuples. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on a variety of relations.
Journal of Knowledge Management Knowledge management : what makes complex implementations successful ?

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of generic knowledge management critical success factors, in conjunction with an overview of the factors that has been found to be critical in implementation journeys in selected South African companies. Design/methodology/approach – Literature research was used. Findings – Most of these factors are very specific to the organizational context and have had a significant impact on the success of implementations. These unique factors include the creation of a shared understanding of the concept of knowledge management, identifying the value of co-creation of the knowledge management strategy, and positioning of knowledge management as strategic focus area in the organization. Originality/value – Knowledge management is a complex discipline with many factors contributing to successful implementation. The factors that contribute to successful implementation of knowledge management are highly dependent on the environment and specific context, and can therefore not always be accurately predicted at the start of a knowledge management endeavor. This paper highlights some of the critical success factors of knowledge management in leading companies around the world and specifically in South Africa.
Characterization of an Iron-responsive Promoter in the Protozoan Pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis *

Iron has been shown to regulate transcription in the protozoan pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis. In this study, a DNA transfection system was developed to monitor ap65-1 promoter activity in response to changing iron supply. In conjunction with electrophoretic mobility shift assay, iron-induced transcription of the ap65-1 gene was shown to be regulated by multiple closely spaced DNA elements spanning an iron-responsive region (−110/−54), including an iron-responsive DNA element (−98AGATAACGA−90), which overlaps with a 3′-MYB-like protein binding sequence (−95TAACGATAT−87), and three nearby T-rich sequences (−110ATTTTT−105,−78ATTATT−73, and−59ATTTTT−54). 5′- and 3′-flanking sequences of the iron-responsive region were shown to regulate basal transcription. A distal DNA regulatory region was shown to enhance both basal and iron-induced transcription. These findings delineate the DNA regulatory elements and nuclear proteins involving in iron-induced transcription of the ap65-1 gene, which provide useful tools for the future study of transcriptional regulation in T. vaginalis.
Integration Issues of Distributed Generation in Distribution Grids

In today's distribution grids the number of distributed generation (DG) units is increasing rapidly. Combined heat and power (CHP) plants and wind turbines are most often installed. Integration of these DG units into the distribution grid leads to planning as well as operational challenges. Based on the experience of a Dutch distribution system operators (DSO), this paper addresses several possibilities to handle grid planning issues. Effects on voltage control, grid protection, and fault levels are investigated and described. These aspects are illustrated with the aid of simulations on an existing distribution grid. It is demonstrated that in compact distribution grids voltage control problems and blinding of protection are not likely to occur and that false tripping and fault level have to be considered carefully.
EEMD Based Multiple Degradation Feature Extraction Method for Electronic Power Panel

The electric power panel is widely used in aircraft engineering. Extracting the degradation feature of power panel is very important for degradation modeling and RUL estimation. This paper employed an Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) based method to extract the degradation statistics feature of power panel. First, the degradation data is decomposed into independent Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) by EEMD. Each IMF contains the information of degradation and fluctuation. The FFT and Chow test method is applied to extract the information of periodicity and mutability characteristic respectively. Based on this, the characteristic series of each IMF can be constructed. Secondly, the main characteristic is identified by correlation coefficients analysis which is utilized to identify the main characteristic by comparing the characteristic series and corresponding IMFs. Finally, the results are carried out and compared with that of using wavelet packet decomposition (WPD) to verify the efficiency.
A system to support the amateurs to take a delicious-looking picture of foods

Recently, many people take a picture of foods at home or in restaurants, and upload the picture to a social networking service (SNS) to share it with friends. People want to take a delicious-looking picture of foods, but it is often difficult, because most of them have no idea how to take a delicious-looking picture. There are many photography techniques for composition[Liu et al. 2010], lighting, color, focus, etc, and the techniques used to take a picture are different for different types of subjects. The problem lies in the difficulty for amateur photographers to choose and apply appropriate ones from such many techniques. In this paper, we pay attention to composition and develop a system to support the amateurs to take a delicious-looking picture of foods in a short time. Our target users are the amateurs of food photography and our target photographic subjects are foods on dishes. There are four steps to take a picture using our system: 1) our system automatically recognizes foods on dishes; 2) our system suggests the composition and the camera tilt, by which the user can take a delicious-looking picture; 3) the user arranges foods and dishes on the table, and set the camera position and tilt; 4) finally, the user takes the picture.
Firm Size, Technological Capabilities and Market-oriented Policies in Mauritius

Mauritius is an outlier in sub-Saharan Africa in terms of its impressive growth in garment exports since it adopted outward-oriented policies in the early 1980s. Little, however, is known about the role of technological factors in the behaviour of Mauritian garment exporters. Using recent methodological developments in the literature on technological capabilities, this paper explores this issue. It constructs a "technology index" and conducts econometric analysis on factors affecting enterprise-level technological development and export performance in a sample of enterprises. Firm size, technical manpower, training expenditures and external technical assistance are positively related to the technology index, suggesting that investments in human capital and information (both facilitated by size) improve technological performance. The technology index and foreign ownership have positive and significant effects on export performance. The technology index is a robust tool of empirical research and can be used to analyse the technological record of enterprises in adjusting countries.
The Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Is a Multifunctional Protein

The coronavirus nucleocapsid (N) is a structural protein that forms complexes with genomic RNA, interacts with the viral membrane protein during virion assembly and plays a critical role in enhancing the efficiency of virus transcription and assembly. Recent studies have confirmed that N is a multifunctional protein. The aim of this review is to highlight the properties and functions of the N protein, with specific reference to (i) the topology; (ii) the intracellular localization and (iii) the functions of the protein.
Effect of progenitor cell mobilization with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients with peripheral artery disease: a randomized clinical trial.

IMPORTANCE Many patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) have walking impairment despite therapy. Experimental studies in animals demonstrate improved perfusion in ischemic hind limb after mobilization of bone marrow progenitor cells (PCs), but whether this is effective in patients with PAD is unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether therapy with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) improves exercise capacity in patients with intermittent claudication. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In a phase 2 double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 159 patients (median [SD] age, 64 [8] years; 87% male, 37% with diabetes) with intermittent claudication were enrolled at medical centers affiliated with Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, between January 2010 and July 2012. INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomized (1:1) to received 4 weeks of subcutaneous injections of GM-CSF (leukine), 500 μg/day 3 times a week, or placebo. Both groups were encouraged to walk to claudication daily. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was peak treadmill walking time (PWT) at 3 months. Secondary outcomes were PWT at 6 months and changes in circulating PC levels, ankle brachial index (ABI), and walking impairment questionnaire (WIQ) and 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) scores. RESULTS Of the 159 patients randomized, 80 were assigned to the GM-CSF group. The mean (SD) PWT at 3 months increased in the GM-CSF group from 296 (151) seconds to 405 (248) seconds (mean change, 109 seconds [95% CI, 67 to 151]) and in the placebo group from 308 (161) seconds to 376 (182) seconds (change of 56 seconds [95% CI, 14 to 98]), but this difference was not significant (mean difference in change in PWT, 53 seconds [95% CI, -6 to 112], P = .08). At 3 months, compared with placebo, GM-CSF improved the physical functioning subscore of the SF-36 questionnaire by 11.4 (95% CI, 6.7 to 16.1) vs 4.8 (95% CI, -0.1 to 9.6), with a mean difference in change for GM-CSF vs placebo of 7.5 (95% CI, 1.0 to 14.0; P = .03). Similarly, the distance score of the WIQ improved by 12.5 (95% CI, 6.4 to 18.7) vs 4.8 (95% CI, -0.2 to 9.8) with GM-CSF compared with placebo (mean difference in change, 7.9 [95% CI, 0.2 to 15.7], P = .047). There were no significant differences in the ABI, WIQ distance and speed scores, claudication onset time, or mental or physical component scores of the SF-36 between the groups. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Therapy with GM-CSF 3 times a week did not improve treadmill walking performance at the 3-month follow-up. The improvements in some secondary outcomes with GM-CSF suggest that it may warrant further study in patients with claudication. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01041417.
TDM: Therapeutic Drug Measuring or Therapeutic Drug Monitoring?

The third round of the International Interlaboratory Quality Control Program for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in HIV infection (QC-program) consisted of the analysis not only of plasma samples but also of patient cases. The case was composed of different topics related to the therapeutic drug monitoring of antiretroviral drugs. The participants were asked to give recommendations concerning dose adjustments, changes to the regimen, and drug-drug interactions to observe whether the expert recommendations were comparable. Of the 30 participants of the QC-program, 16 returned their comments and recommendations with regard to the patient case. The drug level was easy to judge: ∼90% were able to correctly do so. Almost half of the recommendations (44%) given were satisfactory. Levels of knowledge regarding HIV treatment appeared to be variable among the respondents and for this reason were partly incomparable.
Impact of DIY Home Manufacturing with 3D Printing on the Toy and Game Market

The 2020 toy and game market is projected to be US$135 billion. To determine if 3D printing could affect these markets if consumers offset purchases by 3D printing free designs, this study investigates the 100 most popular downloaded designs at MyMiniFactory in a month. Savings are quantified for using a Lulzbot Mini 3D printer and three filament types: commercial filament, pellet-extruded filament, and post-consumer waste converted to filament with a recyclebot. Case studies probed the quality of: (1) six common complex toys; (2) Lego blocks; and (3) the customizability of open source board games. All filaments analyzed saved the user over 75% of the cost of commercially available true alternative toys and over 90% for recyclebot filament. Overall, these results indicate a single 3D printing repository among dozens is saving consumers well over $60 million/year in offset purchases. The most common savings fell by 40%–90% in total savings, which came with the ability to make novel toys and games. The results of this study show consumers can generate higher value items for less money using the open source distributed manufacturing paradigm. It appears clear that consumer do-it-yourself (DIY) manufacturing is set to have a significant impact on the toy and game markets in the future.
Delivery of HIV Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Support Services by HIV Care Providers in the United States, 2013 to 2014

Background: Little is known about clinicians’ adoption of recommendations of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care and others for supporting adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods: We surveyed a probability sample of US HIV care providers to estimate the percentage offering 3 ART adherence support services to most or all patients and assessed the characteristics of providers offering all 3 services (comprehensive support) to most or all patients. Results: Almost all providers (95.5%) discussed ART adherence at every visit, 60.1% offered advice about tools to increase adherence, 53.5% referred nonadherent patients for supportive services, and 42.8% provided comprehensive support. Nurse practitioners were more likely to offer comprehensive support as were providers who practiced at Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program-funded facilities, provided primary care, or started caring for HIV-infected patients within 10 years. Conclusion: Less than half of HIV care providers offered comprehensive ART adherence support. Certain subgroups may benefit from interventions to increase delivery of adherence support.