Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatial prediction of sparse events using a discrete global grid system; a case study of hate crimes in the USA

ABSTRACT Spatial prediction of any geographic phenomenon can be an intractable problem. Predicting sparse and uncertain spatial events related to many influencing factors necessitates the integration of multiple data sources. We present an innovative approach that combines data in a Discrete Global Grid System (DGGS) and uses machine learning for analysis. A DGGS provides a structured input for multiple types of spatial data, consistent over multiple scales. This data framework facilitates the training of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to map and predict a phenomenon. Spatial lag regression models (SLRM) are used to evaluate and rank the outputs of the ANN. In our case study, we predict hate crimes in the USA. Hate crimes get attention from mass media and the scientific community, but data on such events is sparse. We trained the ANN with data ingested in the DGGS based on a 50% sample of hate crimes as identified by the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC). Our spatial prediction is up to 78% accurate and verified at the state level against the independent FBI hate crime statistics with a fit of 80%. The derived risk maps are a guide to action for policy makers and law enforcement.
Size Effects of Closed Encounter Ag Nanoshell Pairs for SERS Application

Closed encounter Ag nanoshell pairs with remarkable improved plasmonic light enhancement in their gaps have been attracting much attention in the production of sensitivity SERS substrates. This work demonstrates the size effects of Ag nanoshell pairs on obtaining higher light intensity in their gaps. It is found that very complex light intensity changes occur in the gaps of Ag nanoshell pairs with their diameter enlargements ( diameters > 100 nm). By the calculation of scattering efficiency and electric field vectors, the size-related light intensity changes in the gaps have been revealed and been concluded systematically. This work fills in the gaps of application of nanoshell pairs with larger sizes in SERS detectors and could guide the design of some other Ag nanoshell pair-based optical devices.
The future of invasive terrestrial vertebrates in Europe under climate and land-use change

Predicting suitable locations for invasive alien terrestrial vertebrates (IATV) under different scenarios of global change is essential for local and transboundary management aimed to prevent the spread of invasions. Using a spatial modelling approach adapted to invasive species, we identify range-shifts in suitable areas for 15 of the most harmful IATV in Europe, considering future climate and land-use changes. We predict range contractions for seven of these IATV, expansion for four, and inconclusive outputs for the rest. For most Europe, future aggregated distributions show stable or decreasing trends in total IATV richness. Still, specific regions will increase their suitability for additional IATVs, including some protected and last-of-the-wild areas. Our results are informative for early decision-making and long-term strategies to prevent negative effects of IATV. Our approach is based on publicly available data, so predictions can be revised as new data becomes available.
Development and Validation of a Program Logic Model (PLM) to Support "Near Miss Mother"(NMM): A Nominal Group Technique (NGT)

Background: Mothers who have experienced a near miss event, their normal life is affected by physical, psychological, emotional, social and economic adverse effects. The aim of this study is to develop a supportive program for near miss mothers (NMM), based on a program logical model (PLM) that has been validated using the nominal group technique (NGT). Methods: After conducting qualitative and systematic reviews studies to assess the needs, components of PLM were extracted that provided the framework for the utilization of activities, outputs, outcomes and impact. A Nominal Group Technique method done in a one-day workshop with the participation of 12 professionals was held in November 2020.Results: Eight strategies used in draft support programs based on the logical model, included the following: "psychological", "fertility / childbearing", "information", "care quality improvement", "socio-cultural", "financial", "breastfeeding" and "nutritional". The validation of the program was done based on the five steps of the NGT during the steps of creating ideas, silent generation of ideas, round robin, clarification of ideas, Prioritization. Finally, a final program was presented to support NMM.Conclusions: Simultaneous integration in the PLM and NGT method allowed the first program developed to support NMM to be comprehensive and complete. Using this evidence-based program can help reduce the burden of maternal morbidities in millions of women around the world and prevent long-term complications and shorten their rehabilitation phase.
The Effect of Psychological Contracts: Transactional, Relational, Balance on Organizational Citizenship Behaviors University Staff in Indonesia and Malaysia

Organization Citizenship Behavior is an extra-role individual behavior that is discretionary which is not directly recognized by the formal reward system and will jointly encourage organizational functions. Psychological contracts and their fulfillment are linked to employee responses consisting of intra-role and extra-role performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the transactional contract, relational contract, and balance contract on organizational citizenship behavior. The sample in this study was 313 university staff in Indonesia and universities in Malaysia. Data collection used a psychological contract scale and a scale of organizational citizenship behavior. The result of this study is that there is a significant influence between the relational contract and balance contract on organizational citizenship behavior. Meanwhile, there is no effect of the transactional contract on organizational citizenship behavior.
The proinflammatory response induced by the Cytolethal Distending Toxin depends on cGAS

The Cytolethal Distending Toxin (CDT) is a bacterial genotoxin produced by pathogenic bacteria causing major foodborne diseases worldwide. CDT activates the DNA damage response and induces inflammatory signatures in host cells, but the precise relationship between these outcomes has not been addressed so far. Here, we show that the cellular proinflammatory response and senescence induced by CDT depend on the cytoplasmic DNA sensor cGAS through the recognition of micronuclei. Indeed, despite active cell cycle checkpoints and in contrast to other DNA damaging agents, cells exposed to CDT reach mitosis where they accumulate massive DNA damage, resulting in chromosome fragmentation and micronucleus formation in daughter cells. These phenotypes are observed with CDT from various origins and in cancer or normal cell lines. Thus, our results establish a direct link between CDT-induced DNA damage, genetic instability and the cellular inflammatory response that may be relevant in the context of natural infection associated to chronic inflammation or carcinogenesis.
Improvement of device characteristics of plasma-treated indium gallium zinc oxide thin-film transistors through thermal annealing

In this study, an Ar/O2 plasma mixture treatment with different proportions of O2 was used to reduce the oxygen vacancy density in an amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin film. The objective was to enhance the field-effect carrier mobility in a thin-film transistor (TFT) with the IGZO film as the channel layer. Atomic force microscopy revealed that the roughness of the IGZO film after plasma treatment was higher than that of the untreated film; however, the surface roughness of the IGZO film decreased after the proportion of O2 was increased in the plasma. The Hall measurement results showed that the resistivity of the plasma-treated IGZO film increased with a decrease in the electron concentration in the film; in addition, the carrier mobility considerably increased. The IGZO TFT fabricated from this film exhibited a high field-effect carrier mobility of 36 cm2 V−1 s−1, a subthreshold swing (SS) of 1.25 V/decade, an I OFF current of 4.58 × 10−11 A, and an I ON/I OFF current ratio of 7.55 × 105. To further improve the device performance, the plasma-treated IGZO films were subjected to thermal annealing with the annealing temperature ranging from 100 °C to 300 °C. After the annealing process, the plasma-treated IGZO TFTs demonstrated a further improvement in the device performance with a field-effect carrier mobility of 38.8 cm2 V−1 s−1, SS of 0.7 V/decade, I OFF current of 1.04 × 10−11 A, and an I ON/I OFF current ratio of 9.93 × 106. In addition, a reliability test was performed to evaluate the stability of the IGZO TFT devices, which revealed that the threshold voltage maintained a high degree of stability during the long-term tests. Therefore, the plasma-treated IGZO TFTs with subsequent postgrowth annealing could be helpful for the fabrication of next-generation flat-panel displays.
Late Oligocene Tectonic Uplift of the East Kunlun Shan: Expansion of the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau

Spatial and temporal patterns of mountain building in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau provide important constraints on competing plateau growth models. We focus on the East Kunlun Shan (EKLS), where the timing of Cenozoic deformation remains controversial. Seven apatite (U‐Th)/He samples were collected around a tilted erosion surface in the middle segment of the EKLS. A break in slope at ∼25 Ma is identified along the paleodepth below the erosion surface, which we interpret to represent the onset of thrust faulting at northern margins of the EKLS. Published thermochronologic data from the South Qilian Shan and North Qilian Shan reveal tectonic uplift at 15–18 and 8–10 Ma, respectively, obviously later than thrust faulting in the EKLS. Our study supports that the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau has migrated from the EKLS to North Qilian Shan since the late Oligocene.
Thermal–Mechanical Performance Analysis and Structure Optimization of the TSV in 3-D IC

The through-silicon via (TSV) technology is widely used in 3-D integrated circuit (3-D IC) devices. However, the TSV could cause great thermal stress due to the mismatch of the thermal expansion between different materials, which affects the performance of the 3-D IC. In this work, a finite element model of the 3-D IC device with both internal pin-fin microchannels and all-copper interconnection is established. A substructure model is further developed and validated against the results obtained from the full model. Then, the thermal–mechanical performances of the TSV structure under thermal cycling loads are investigated based on the substructure model. The results show that the maximum stress locates at the edge of the interface between TSV_copper and memory, and the deformation on the TSV_copper–memory interface is dominated by shearing, which may cause the debonding of the interface. Moreover, the influences of the TSV structure parameters on the maximum thermal stress and TSV_copper’s electrical resistance are analyzed. Then, the TSV structure is further optimized to reduce the stress and improve the electrical conductivity. Compared with the original design, the maximum von Mises stress and TSV_copper resistance of the optimized structure can be reduced by 18.4% and 40.6%, respectively.
Coordination of Lateral Vehicle Control Systems Using Learning-Based Strategies

The paper proposes a novel learning-based coordination strategy for lateral control systems of automated vehicles. The motivation of the research is to improve the performance level of the coordinated system compared to the conventional model-based reconfigurable solutions. During vehicle maneuvers, the coordinated control system provides torque vectoring and front-wheel steering angle in order to guarantee the various lateral dynamical performances. The performance specifications are guaranteed on two levels, i.e., primary performances are guaranteed by Linear Parameter Varying (LPV) controllers, while secondary performances (e.g., economy and comfort) are maintained by a reinforcement-learning-based (RL) controller. The coordination of the control systems is carried out by a supervisor. The effectiveness of the proposed coordinated control system is illustrated through high velocity vehicle maneuvers.
Greenland Ice Sheet Mass Balance (1992–2020) From Calibrated Radar Altimetry

We present the first 1992–2020 record of Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) mass balance derived from multisatellite Ku‐band altimetry. We employ an empirical approach as an alternative detailed to radar‐propagation modeling, and instead convert elevation changes observed by radar altimetry into mass changes using spatiotemporal calibration fields. This calibration field is derived from a machine learning approach that optimizes the prediction of a previously published mass balance field as a function of ice sheet variables. Our mass balance record shows a GrIS contribution of 12.1 ± 2.3 mm sea‐level equivalent since 1992, with more than 80% of this contribution occurring after 2003. Our record also suggests that the 2017 hydrological year is the first year in the 21st century which, within uncertainties, the GrIS was in balance. Overall, the 28‐year radar‐derived mass balance record we present highlights the potential of the method to provide operational mass balance estimates derived from multisatellite Ku‐band altimetry.
Deep Waters in British Columbia Mainland Fjords Show Rapid Warming and Deoxygenation From 1951 to 2020

Many complex fjord systems cross British Columbia's coastline. A 70 year (1951–2020) time series analysis of temperature, salinity, and oxygen in four such fjords between ∼54 and 50oN (Douglas Channel, Rivers Inlet, Knight Inlet and Bute Inlet) shows that changes were greatest in deep waters between the sill and the bottom. In Rivers, Knight and Bute Inlet, the deep water temperature increased by 1.2–1.3°C over 70 years, up to two times the global average for open ocean waters at corresponding depths, while salinity increased by 0.1–0.2, and oxygen decreased by 0.4–0.7 mLL−1. The most northern inlet, Douglas Channel, showed a temperature increase of 0.8°C from 1951 to 2016, while trends in oxygen and salinity were not statistically significant. An analysis of Apparent Oxygen Utilization suggests that the deep waters in Douglas Channel are more readily exchanged with the outer coast than the three other fjords.
Human resources turnover as an asset acquisition and divestiture process: Evidence from the
 U.K.
 football industry

We shed light on the drivers and consequences of turnover in human resources for the UK football industry. We employ an event study using daily panel data of player transfers for a group of listed UK football clubs. Our results suggest asymmetric wealth effects: the acquisition of players is associated with negative abnormal club stock returns while player sales have an opposite effect. According to our findings, shareholders perceive that football managers overpay to acquire human resources. Our discussion draws possible links to the corporate finance literature which deals with the purchase and sale of firms and assets.
Hot spots of opportunity for improved cropland nitrogen management across the United States

Nitrogen (N) is a vital input to crop production, but its excess use is a cause of environmental and human health problems in many parts of the world. In the United States (US), as in other nations, reducing N pollution remains challenging. Developing effective N policies and programs requires understanding links between cropland N balances (i.e. N inputs minus N harvested in crops) and potential contributing factors. We present novel insights into these links using a national county-level assessment and propose a criteria-scoring method to inform US N policy and programs. First, we characterize cropland N balances across the US in 2011–2013 and identify counties (∼25%) where N input reductions are less likely to result in crop yield declines. Second, we identify agronomic, environmental, social, demographic, and economic factors correlated with N balance, as well as counties that are underperforming based on these characteristics. Finally, we employ criteria scoring and hot spot analysis to identify 20 spatial clusters of opportunity for improved cropland nitrogen management. These hot spots collectively account for ∼63% of total surplus N balance for croplands but only ∼24% of cropland area in the US. N flows for these hot spots indicate variable opportunities across the US landscape to improve cropland N balances by reducing N fertilizer use, better managing manure N, and/or increasing N use efficiency. These findings can guide future efforts to integrate N balance into regulatory and voluntary frameworks in US policy and programs.
Investigation of Hepatitis B virus DNA among HBsAg positive patients in Kabul, Afghanistan

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are one of the world's health problems that annually kill about 500,000 to 1,200,000 people. Investigation of HBV DNA in the person infected with HBV is a definitive indicator of activation and replication of HBV. Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the DNA of HBV in HBsAg positive patients and to study the risk factors for virus activation. Methods: This study was conducted on 106 HBsAg positive patients from January 2020 to Jully 2020 in Kabul. After informed consent, 3 to 5 milliliters of blood was collected for the HBV-DNA testing using the Real-time PCR method. Result: Out of 106 HbsAg positive patients, 74 (69.8%) were males and 32 (30.2%) females. The patients were aged between 11 and 65 years. Hepatitis B virus DNA was positive in 58 (54.7%) of the samples, 41 (70.7%) were male and 17 (29.3%) were female. The viral DNA load was in the range of 9.85 x 102 to 9.3 x 108 copies/ ml. Most of the patients were aged between 20 and 30 years. Conclusion: From 106 HbsAg positive patient, 23(39.7%) were in age group of 20 – 30 years, and males were more infected than females. Majority of the patients were married and had informal job with education below grade 12. No specific differences were found in the availability of HBV DNA between patients who received hepatitis B treatment before and those who did not.
Communication as Commodity Exchange: Mapping the Media Ecology of Fantasy Sport

Abstract This research applies an ecological lens to examine how ‘media’ impacts both fantasy sport and the stock market through the translation of statistical data by way of new technologies. The core content offered rarely changes (e.g. sport statistics, stock market prices) but can be altered, so attention is on the medium itself and how it fits into the spectacle of consumption and becomes an extension of human consciousness. The conversion of on-field performance to numerical point values in the fantasy space created an analytical and gestured language, shifting emphasis from team performance to player performance and transforming players into numerical possessions to be acquired, manipulated, and potentially sold or transferred. The Internet provided an asynchronous and interactive application that signaled a demassification of relevant information and created a centralized ‘global village’ of fantasy sport participation. In this process of relinquishing control, the fantasy sport participant is commodified in a statistical space through the consuming of information. The statistical language at the root of fantasy sport tapped a deep well of information once tangibly useless to sport fans, and through its manipulation and analytical conversion created a socially-meaningful industry.
An Update on Facial Skin Rejuvenation Effectiveness of Mesotherapy EBM V

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Abstract Although it appears to be a simple, easy, and financially attractive therapeutic modality, skin rejuvenation mesotherapy is a controversial cosmetic procedure and proof of its efficacy is still lacking. The authors have published a review about this therapeutic modality more than a decade ago. Few clinical studies evaluating its efficacy and safety were available then without any conclusive scientific evidence about its efficacy; nevertheless, mesotherapy has continued to be performed at a relatively high financial cost to patients by many nonmedical and medical professionals for antiaging purposes. The authors have published a review about this therapeutic modality more than a decade ago. The current review is an update aimed at identifying any evidence about the scientific validity and efficacy of this approach that has emerged since then. No clinical valuable new data and new information has been identified. As by American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS) policy statement updated and approved in 2019, mesotherapy for skin rejuvenation is currently not Food and Drug Administration approved. Until more conclusive data is available, skin rejuvenation mesotherapy cannot be recommended for routine skin rejuvenation clinical application.
Flipped learning y evaluación formativa: carga de trabajo del estudiante en la enseñanza universitaria

espanolEl Sistema de Europeo de Transferencia y Acumulacion de Creditos (ECTS) estima la carga de trabajo del estudiante tanto presencial como no presencial en los paises de la Union Europea. El objetivo de este estudio fue cuantificar la carga de trabajo en el uso de flipped learning y la evaluacion formativa a partir de la estimacion semanal del alumnado universitario. Para ello se diseno un estudio longitudinal durante un semestre en el que participaron 75 alumnos (19.8 ±3.48 anos) del primer curso del grado de Ciencias de la Actividad Fisica y del Deporte. A traves de un instrumento validado, el alumnado fue estimando semanalmente su volumen de trabajo. Los resultados muestran que el alumnado dedica un promedio semanal de 2.20 ±0.75 horas no presenciales. La diferencia entre lo estimado por el alumnado y el ECTS fue negativa (–62.30%; p EnglishThe European Credit Transfer System (ECTS) estimates the academic workload of students in EU countries in terms of time they spend both in and out of class on university work. The aim of this study was to quantify, based on students’ estimates of their weekly schedule, the workload placed upon them in classes using the flipped learning methodology and formative models of assessment. To this end, this study made use of longi-tudinal design over the course of a semester. The participants were 75 students (19.8 ±3.48 years old) enrolled in the first year of a degree program in the Science of Sport and Physical Activity. Using a previously validated instru-ment, students recorded weekly estimates of their workload. The results show that the students devoted an average of 2.20 ±0.75 hours a week to their studies outside of class time. The student estimates were below the ECTS credit hour guidelines (–62.30%; p