Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Anatomical and Visual Outcomes between Idiopathic and Myopic Macular Holes Using the Internal Limiting Membrane or Inverted Internal Limiting Membrane Flap Technique

Purpose To compare the results of vitrectomy with those of internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling or inverted ILM flap for treating myopic or idiopathic macular hole. Methods Thirty-nine eyes of 39 patients undergoing vitrectomy with ILM peeling for macular hole (25 idiopathic and 14 myopic) and 27 eyes of 27 patients undergoing vitrectomy with inverted ILM flap (15 idiopathic and 12 myopic) were included. Outcome measures were macular hole closure by optical coherence tomography and visual acuity at 6 months. Results Closure was achieved in 25 (100%) idiopathic and 12 (86%) myopic macular holes in the ILM peeling group and in 14 (93%) idiopathic and 11 (91.77%) macular holes in the inverted ILM flap group. There were no statistically significant differences in restoration of the external limiting membrane and ellipsoid zone between the groups. Median best-corrected visual acuity (logarithm of minimal angle of resolution) at the end of follow-up was 0.22 (20/32 Snellen) in idiopathic and 0.4 (20/50) in myopic (P=0.042) patients in the ILM peeling group and 0.4 (20/50) in idiopathic and 0.4 (20/50) in myopic (P=0.652) patients in the inverted ILM flap group. Conclusion Both techniques were associated with high closure rates in myopic and idiopathic macular holes, with somewhat better visual outcomes in idiopathic cases. The small sample size may have provided insufficient power to support the superiority of one technique over the other in the two groups.
Organization Structure and Communications

A theoretical model is developed in which organizational structure is related to the type of coordination in the organization-planning or programming versus feedback or mutual adjustment. It is argued that the nature of the mechanism of coordination employed in the organization in turn affects the volume and direction of communications in the organization. Hypotheses are developed relating the variables of complexity, formalization, and centralization to communication rates. These hypotheses are tested in a 1967 study of 16 health and welfare organizations using a number of different measures of communications. In general, interdepartmental communications, both scheduled and unscheduled, are found to be affected most by these structural characteristics.
Estimation of Oil Yield of Perilla by Seed Characteristics and Crude Fat Content

Perilla (Perilla frutescens var.frutescens) is an annual plant of the Lamiaceae family, mainly grown for obtaining oil by press extraction after roasting the seeds. Oil yield is one of its important traits, but evaluating this yield is time-consuming, requires many seeds, and is hard to adjust to pedigrees in a breeding field. The objective of this study was to develop a method for selecting high-oil-yield lines in a breeding population without oil extraction. Twenty-three perilla cultivars were used for evaluating the oil yield and seed traits such as seed hardness, seed coat thickness, seed coat proportion and crude fat. After evaluation of the seed traits of 23 perilla cultivars, the ranges of oil yields, seed hardness, seed coat thickness, seed coat proportion, 100-seed weight, and crude fat were 24.68-38.75%, 157-1166 gf, 24-399 μm, 15.4-41.5%, 2.79-6.69 g, and 33.0-47.8%, respectively. In an analysis of correlation coefficients, the oil yield negatively correlated with seed length, seed width, the proportion of seed coat, seed hardness, and 1000-seed weight, but positively correlated with crude fat content. It was observed that as the seed coat proportion increased, the seed coat thickness, hardness, and 1000-seed weight also increased. Multiple linear regression (MLR) was employed to find major variables affecting the oil yield. Among the variables, traits crude fat content and seed coat proportion were assumed to be indirect parameters for estimating the potential oil yield, with respect to a significant positive correlation with the observed oil yield (R2 = 0.791). Using these two parameters, an equation was derived to predict the oil yield. The results of this study show that various seed traits in 23 perilla cultivars positively or negatively correlated with the oil yield. In particular, crude fat and the seed coat proportion can be used for predicting the oil yield with the newly developed equation, and this approach will improve the efficiency of selecting prominent lines for the oil yield.
Semi-supervised manifold learning of time-series hyperspectral forest images

The accuracy of regression based on hyperspectral data is degraded by a restricted number of labeled data and the curse of dimensionality inherent in the high-dimensional feature space. In this paper, we propose two types of semi-supervised manifold learning methods for regression by a combination of supervised learning based on a small number of labeled data and unsupervised learning based on abundant unlabeled feature data. The regression and nonlinear manifold learning are realized by a kernelization of generalized eigenvalue problems. The proposed methods are applied to synthetic manifold learning problems and time-series hyperspectral leaf-scale images of oak trees.
Clinical and structural features and possible pathogenic mechanisms of dental fluorosis.

ABSTRACT— The aim of the present review has been to give a survey of our present knowledge concerning dental fluorosis and to discuss possible pathogenic mechanisms of this disease. Based on a discussion of the principles behind the Community Index of dental fluorosis it is stressed that absence of harmful community effects should not be confused with a complete absence of fluoride-induced biological changes. The index values apply to communities and they do not equivalate individual diagnosis. Structurally, an increase in fluoride intake results in an increase in degree and extent of porosity of the enamel. Further, dentin changes may be observed. It is stressed that the clinical and structural features should be kept in mind when possible pathogenic mechanisms of dental fluorosis are discussed. It is obvious that the enamel changes described may not necessarily be a result of a fluoride damage of secretory ameloblast as commonly assumed. Thus, structural changes similar to those of enamel fluorosis may result from an impairment of the process of enamel maturation. This can either be due to a fluoride-induced change in composition or rheologic features of enamel matrix, or be a result of a disturbance of the cellular processes during enamel maturation. In addition, it is suggested that fluoride may act directly on the poorly understood processes of mineralization in vivo. Finally, results indicate that fluoride interferes with calcium homeostasis, and it cannot be entirely excluded that dental fluorosis may be a result of a more generalized effect of fluoride. It is concluded that much more basic research on fluoride metabolism and formation of mineralized tissues is needed to better understand the effect of fluoride on dental hard tissues.
Areas V1 and V2 show microsaccade‐related 3–4‐Hz covariation in gamma power and frequency

Neuronal gamma‐band synchronization (25–80 Hz) in visual cortex appears sustained and stable during prolonged visual stimulation when investigated with conventional averages across trials. However, recent studies in macaque visual cortex have used single‐trial analyses to show that both power and frequency of gamma oscillations exhibit substantial moment‐by‐moment variation. This has raised the question of whether these apparently random variations might limit the functional role of gamma‐band synchronization for neural processing. Here, we studied the moment‐by‐moment variation in gamma oscillation power and frequency, as well as inter‐areal gamma synchronization, by simultaneously recording local field potentials in V1 and V2 of two macaque monkeys. We additionally analyzed electrocorticographic V1 data from a third monkey. Our analyses confirm that gamma‐band synchronization is not stationary and sustained but undergoes moment‐by‐moment variations in power and frequency. However, those variations are neither random and nor a possible obstacle to neural communication. Instead, the gamma power and frequency variations are highly structured, shared between areas and shaped by a microsaccade‐related 3–4‐Hz theta rhythm. Our findings provide experimental support for the suggestion that cross‐frequency coupling might structure and facilitate the information flow between brain regions.
Semidefinite relaxations for copositive optimization

Linear optimization over the copositive cone C*, (i.e. the cone of quadratic forms which are nonnegative on the positive orthant) has applications in polynomial optimization, graph theory and data analysis. Although convex, this problem is unfortunately not tractable. In this work we study two nested sequences of spectrahedral cones that approximate C*. One formulated by Barvinok, Veomett and Laserre {BVLn}n? N and the other proposed by Parrilo {SOSn}n? N. Since these approximations are one from above and one from below, they can be used to cal- culate upper and lower bounds on the solution of copositive programs efficiently. This proves particularly useful in bounding the independence number of a graph ? (G). In this case, the fact that ? (G) is an integer means the lower and upper bounds need not meet to find the optimal value of the problem. This work is divided in four parts, first, we give a comprehensive description of the geometry of the copositive cone, second, we describe its semidefinite approximations, third, we survey the applications of copositive programming, fourth, we give new results on the BVL hierarchy when applied to calculating lower bounds of ? (G), propose an algorithm for obtaining large independence sets on G, and evaluate its empirical performance on Hamming and DeBruijn graphs
Intrinsic Josephson Junctions in Bi-2212 Thin Films Fabricated by Metal-Organic Decomposition

We fabricated a mesa 10 μm × 10 μm in area and ~ 150 nm in height on a single grain in a 240-nm Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ/MgO thin-film grown by metal-organic decomposition (MOD) with face-to-face annealing. A multi-branch structure peculiar to intrinsic Josephson junctions (IJJs) was observed in the I-V characteristics of the fabricated mesa, and this structure was characterized by approximately 100 quasiparticle branches with critical current densities of 1 kA/cm2 and voltage-jump intervals of 20 mV. Moreover, the temperature dependence of the critical current was in good agreement with a theoretical result based on c-axis Josephson tunneling in d-wave superconductors. These results imply that the thin films grown by MOD have sufficient quality to fabricate IJJs for practical terahertz applications.
Candidate region for Gilles de la Tourette syndrome at 7q31.

Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (GTS) is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics. The cause of this syndrome is unknown, although based on family studies there is evidence of a strong genetic component. We report on a 13-year-old boy with GTS, minor physical anomalies, and a de novo partial duplication of chromosome 7q [dup(7)(q22.1-q31.1)]. The distal breakpoint in our patient is similar to the breakpoint of an apparently balanced familial translocation t(7;18) segregating with GTS. Together, these cases provide evidence that a gene located in the breakpoint region at 7q31 can be involved in the formation of GTS.
General practitioners' recognition and management of psychiatric illness (for editorial comment, see page 242; see also page 262)

All 53 of the general practitioners from one community health area of the Hunter region of New South Wales were interviewed about patients with psychiatric illnesses who had presented to their practices. Four main themes were covered: personal data which included details of medical and psychiatric training and experience; attitudes to psychiatric illness; pharmacological management; and the effectiveness of existing services. Ninety‐four per cent of the general practitioners felt that dealing with psychiatric problems was an integral part of their role as a general practitioner and 60% of the general practitioners believed that their management of these problems was adequate. Patients with personality problems and those with hypochondriasis were identified as their most difficult patient groups, while inability to refer quickly was cited as the major obstacle to successful psychiatric treatment. An increased awareness of the hazards of psychotropic drugs and of the proper uses of these agents existed. Finally, private psychiatrists and the mental hospitals were criticized for not providing an adequate back‐up service for this group of general practitioners.
Roles of opioid receptor subtypes in mediating alcohol‐seeking induced by discrete cues and context

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of selective blockade of the delta (DOP) or mu (MOP) opioid receptors on alcohol‐seeking induced by discrete cues and context. In Experiment 1, rats were trained to self‐administer alcohol in an environment with distinct sensory properties. After extinction in a different context with separate sensory properties, rats were tested for context‐induced renewal in the original context following treatment with the DOP receptor antagonist naltrindole (0–15 mg/kg, i.p.) or the MOP receptor antagonist D‐Phe‐Cys‐Tyr‐D‐Trp‐Orn‐Thr‐Pen‐Thr‐NH2 (CTOP) (0–3 μg/4 μL, i.c.v.). In Experiment 2, reinstatement was tested with the presentation of a discrete light + tone cue previously associated with alcohol delivery, following extinction without the cue. The effects of naltrindole (0–5 mg/kg, i.p.) or CTOP (0–3 μg/4 μL, i.c.v.) were assessed. For context‐induced renewal, 7.5 mg/kg naltrindole reduced responding without affecting locomotor activity. Both doses of CTOP attenuated responding in the first 15 min of the renewal test session; however, total responses did not differ at the end of the session. For discrete‐cue‐induced reinstatement, 1 and 5 mg/kg naltrindole attenuated responding but CTOP had no effect. We conclude that whereas DOP receptors mediate alcohol‐seeking induced by discrete cues and context, MOP receptors may play a modest role only in context‐induced renewal. These findings point to a differential involvement of opioid receptor subtypes in the effects of different kinds of conditioned stimuli on alcohol‐seeking and support a more prominent role for DOP receptors.
Anxiolytics for smoking cessation.

BACKGROUND There are two reasons to believe anxiolytics might help in smoking cessation. Anxiety may be a symptom of nicotine withdrawal. Second, smoking appears to be due, in part, to deficits in dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine, all of which are increased by anxiolytics and antidepressants. OBJECTIVES The aim of this review is to assess the effectiveness of anxiolytic drugs in aiding long term smoking cessation. The drugs include buspirone; diazepam; doxepin; meprobamate; ondansetron; and the beta-blockers metoprolol, oxprenolol and propanolol. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group trials register which includes trials indexed in Medline, Embase, SciSearch and PsycLit, and meetings abstracts. SELECTION CRITERIA We considered randomized trials comparing anxiolytic drugs to placebo or an alternative therapeutic control for smoking cessation. We excluded trials with less than 6 months follow-up. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We extracted data in duplicate on the type of study population, the nature of the drug therapy, the outcome measures, method of randomisation, and completeness of follow-up. The main outcome measure was abstinence from smoking after at least six months follow-up in patients smoking at baseline. We used the most rigorous definition of abstinence for each trial, and biochemically validated rates if available. Where appropriate, we performed meta-analysis using a fixed effects model. MAIN RESULTS There was one trial each of the anxiolytics diazepam, meprobamate, metoprolol and oxprenolol. There were two trials of the anxiolytic buspirone. None of the trials showed strong evidence of an effect for any of these drugs in helping smokers to quit. However, confidence intervals were wide, and an effect of anxiolytics cannot be ruled out on current evidence. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS There is no consistent evidence that anxiolytics aid smoking cessation, but the available evidence does not rule out a possible effect.
Data security and authentication in hybrid cloud computing model

With the progress and mature of cloud computing technology, the social demand for cloud computing is growing. Meanwhile the demand of data security is increasing sharply, especially in hybrid cloud computing model. This paper describes several methods to protect user data, which includes single encryption, multi-level virtualization, and authentication interface. Authentication intercloud is the other main theme of this paper. This paper also discussed a model of authentication intercloud which based on CA and PKI model which be extended to the scenario without CA system or it crashed.
Substrate integrated waveguide cavity backed inverted T-shaped slot antenna for 60GHz applications

Here represented SIW cavity backed inverted T-shaped slot antenna which is implemented with help of Rogers RT/Duriod 5880 substrate with dielectric constant of 2.2, height of substrate is 0.02 inches and it is implemented for 60GHz applications. Observed the results like reflection coefficient, VSWR, gain and radiation patterns. This structure will provide 3.713 GHz bandwidth with respect to reflection coefficient and VSWR (2:1) in between 57–64 GHz frequency range, resonant frequency is 60GHz and preserves 53.42% impedance bandwidth. At 60GHz, the gain is 6.33 dBi, VSWR value is 1.088, radiation and total efficiency are 95.382% and 74.382%.
Taking tests in the magnet: Brain mapping standardized tests

Standardized psychometric tests are sophisticated, well‐developed, and consequential instruments; test outcomes are taken as facts about people that impact their lives in important ways. As part of an initial demonstration that human brain mapping techniques can add converging neural‐level evidence to understanding standardized tests, our participants completed items from standardized tests during an fMRI scan. We compared tests for diagnosing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the correlated measures of Neuroticism, Attachment, and Centrality of Event to a general‐knowledge baseline test. Twenty‐three trauma‐exposed participants answered 20 items for each of our five tests in each of the three runs for a total of 60 items per test. The tests engaged different neural processes; which test a participant was taking was accurately predicted from other participants’ brain activity. The novelty of the application precluded specific anatomical predictions; however, the interpretation of activated regions using meta‐analyses produced encouraging results. For instance, items on the Attachment test engaged regions shown to be more active for tasks involving judgments of others than judgments of the self. The results are an initial demonstration of a theoretically and practically important test‐taking neuroimaging paradigm and suggest specific neural processes in answering PTSD‐related tests. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5706–5725, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kalman filtering for triplet Markov chains: applications and extensions

An important problem in signal processing consists in estimating an unobservable process x = {x/sub n/}/sub n/spl epsiv/IN/ from an observed process y = {y/sub n/}/sub n/spl epsiv/IN/. In linear Gaussian hidden Markov chains (LGHMC), the classical recursive solution is given by the Kalman filter. In this paper, we consider linear Gaussian triplet Markov chains (LGTMC) by assuming that the triplet (x, r, y) (in which r = {r/sub n/}/sub n/spl isin/N/ is some additional process) is Markovian and Gaussian. We first show that this model encompasses and generalizes the classical linear stochastic dynamical models with autoregressive process and/or measurement noise. We next propose (for the regular and for the perfect-measurement cases) restoration Kalman-like algorithms for general LGTMC.
Perinatal hypoxic—Ischemic thalamic injury: Clinical features and neuroimaging

A common pattern of hypoxic–ischemic cerebral injury in the term newborn involves predominantly cerebral cortex and subcortical white matter. We describe 20 term newborns with moderate or severe acute hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy who exhibit a different pattern of abnormalities on computed tomography, with evidence of decreased tissue attenuation predominantly in thalami and basal ganglia and relative preservation of cerebral cortex and white matter. Profound, acute hypoxic–ischemic insult (eg, umbilical cord prolapse, uterine rupture, or massive placental abruption) was documented in 16 of 20 infants (80%). Characteristic clinical features during the newborn period included irritability, tonic posturing of limbs, and persistent lower cranial nerve dysfunction, often with prominent tongue fasciculations. This pattern of central injury appears to be highly predictive of poor outcome; 7 newborns (35%) died, and all survivors who had follow–up to 18 months of age (11) had major neurological sequelae (eg, spastic quadriplegia, choreoathetosis, and persistent feeding problems). This pattern of hypoxic–ischemic cerebral injury corresponds closely to experimental animal models of “acute total” perinatal asphyxia.
Antagonists of Myosin Light Chain Kinase and of Myosin II Inhibit Specific Events of Egg Activation in Fertilized Mouse Eggs1

Abstract Although recent studies have demonstrated the importance of calcium/calmodulin (Ca2+/CAM) signaling in mammalian fertilization, many targets of Ca2+/CAM have not been investigated and represent potentially important regulatory pathways to transduce the Ca2+ signal that is responsible for most events of egg activation. A well-established Ca2+/CAM-dependent enzyme is myosin light chain kinase (MYLK2), the downstream target of which is myosin II, an isoform of myosin known to be important in cytokinesis. In fertilized mouse eggs, established inhibitors of MYLK2 and myosin II were investigated for their effects on events of egg activation. The MYLK2 antagonist, ML-7, did not decrease the activity of Ca2+/CAM protein kinase II or the elevation of intracellular Ca2+, and it did not delay the onset of Ca2+ oscillations. In contrast, ML-7 inhibited second polar body (PB) formation in a dose-dependent manner and reduced cortical granule (CG) exocytosis by a mean of approximately 50%. The myosin II isoform-specific inhibitor, blebbistatin, had similar inhibitory effects. Although both antagonists had no effect on anaphase onset, they inhibited second PB formation by preventing spindle rotation before telophase II and normal contractile ring constriction. To our knowledge, this is the first report that MYLK2 and myosin II are involved in regulating the position of the meiotic spindle, formation of the second PB, and CG exocytosis. The present results suggest that MYLK2 is one of a family of CAM-dependent proteins that act as multifunctional regulators and transduce the Ca2+ signal at fertilization.