Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY OF OVARIAN CYST IN COMPARISON WITH LAPAROTOMY AT UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF BRAZZAVILLE

Background: Laparoscopy in the treatment of ovarian cysts is new in most African countries. In 2009 we performed the first ovarian cysts operations by laparoscopy at the University Hospital of Brazzaville (UHB). Objective: To show the contribution of laparoscopic surgery in the management of
Creatine for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease.

BACKGROUND Creatine, a naturally-occurring nitrogenous organic acid involved in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, has been shown to increase survival in mouse models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as motor neuron disease (MND). Results from human trials, however, have been mixed. Given conflicting results regarding the efficacy of creatine, we conducted a systematic review, which was updated in 2012. OBJECTIVES To systematically examine the efficacy of creatine efficacy in prolonging ALS survival and in slowing ALS disease progression. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Neuromuscular Disease Group Specialized Register (16 July 2012), CENTRAL (2012, issue 7 in the Cochrane Library), MEDLINE (January 1966 to July 2012) and EMBASE (January 1980 to July 2012) for any trial involving creatine in the treatment of ALS. We also contacted experts in the field for any additional studies. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomized trials of treatment with creatine or placebo in patients diagnosed with ALS. Our primary outcome was tracheostomy-free survival time; secondary outcomes were ALS progression as measured by changes in ALS functional rating revised scores (ALSFRS-R) and per cent predicted forced vital capacity (FVC) over time. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently selected studies, assessed risk of bias and extracted data. We obtained and analyzed individual participant data from each study. MAIN RESULTS We included three trials involving 386 participants randomized to either creatine 5 to 10 g per day or placebo. When we updated the searches in 2012 we found no additional trials. Creatine was reportedly well-tolerated in all three included studies, with no evidence of renal failure or serious adverse events specifically attributable to creatine. Using a pooled log-rank statistical test, we found no statistical difference in survival between the placebo and creatine groups across all three studies (Chi(2) = 0.09, P = 0.76). In addition, we found no statistical difference in ALSFRS-R slopes between the two groups across all three studies using a pooled linear mixed-effects model (slope difference of +0.03 ALSFRS-R/month in the creatine group; P = 0.76). Interestingly, there was a trend towards slightly worsened FVC slope in the creatine group (slope difference of -0.63 FVC/month in the creatine group) using a pooled linear mixed-effects model across the two studies which included FVC as an outcome, but this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.054). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS In patients already diagnosed with clinically probable or definite ALS, creatine at doses ranging from 5 to 10 g per day did not have a statistically significant effect on survival, ALSFRS-R progression or percent predicted FVC progression.
Plant‐based active photoprotectants for sunscreens

Excessive exposure to the sun's radiation is the major exogenous mediator of skin damage, which accelerates skin ageing and increases the risk of developing skin cancer. Compounds with photoprotectant activity are extremely useful for decreasing the effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the skin; however, numerous sun filters, especially organic sunscreens, are allergenic. Therefore, the development of formulations containing plant extracts, which may be potentially safer, is extensively being explored. Plant‐based cosmetics are commonly used to avoid skin ageing because they contain antioxidant agents that minimize free radical activity, and numerous studies have investigated the skin‐protectant effects of related plant species. In addition to their antioxidant properties, plant‐based cosmetics protect the skin against solar radiation because they contain polyphenols such as flavonoids and carotenoids. Therefore, this study aims to present a review of plant species commonly used in sunscreens to protect the skin against damage due to sunlight exposure.
Families in trauma : the experiences and perceptions of the maternal caregivers of children affected by extrafamilial child sexual abuse.

Child sexual abuse and its potentially traumatizing consequences, over both the shortand longer term, has been increasingly recognized in the literature as a possible pathway to the development of intraand interpersonal maladjustment, affecting the mental well-being of those affected. There is a paucity of local research investigating the systemic impact of a child's sexual abuse upon the caregiving and family systems in which the child is integrally embedded. The current research was conducted primarily in response to this, with the intention of illuminating the experiences of caregivers and families managing their child's experience of sexual abuse. More specifically, the research was interested in the experiences and perceptions of caregivers of children who had been sexually abused by an extrafamilial person. The phenomenological approach informed the planning, implementation, analysis and interpretation phases of the research. The sample included six mothers/ female caregivers who had discovered their child's sexual abuse no less than three months and no longer than twelve months prior to the research being conducted. Maternal caregivers were the primary source of information regarding their own experiences, as well as spokespersons for the caregiving family unit and its members. Two semistructured interviews were planned for each respondent, the first interview aimed at eliciting their experiences and perceptions, and the second interview aimed primarily at providing debriefing and feedback. In view of the highly sensitive nature of the interview topic, the second interview was structured primarily out of ethical concerns for the respondent's well-being as a consequence of the interviewing. Results of the interviews suggest that these caregivers were faced with a host of complex experiences related to three broad thematic areas, namely: their involvement with the criminal justice system; managing the child's and family's distress; and themes around coping and support. A number of sub-themes were identified within and across these three broad thematic areas, representing a complex interaction between dominant experiences. Caregivers were typically faced with a series of dilemmas and decisions in their interactions with their child, family, and the criminal justice system. Based upon the findings, a number of suggestions have been made in terms of policy and protocol development for intervening with such families and their children.
The efficacy of chlorhexidine dentifrice or gel on plaque, clinical parameters of gingival inflammation and tooth discoloration: a systematic review.

AIM Based on the existing scientific literature, the effect of chlorhexidine (CHX) dentifrice/gel as compared to a regular or placebo dentifrice/gel is established in healthy adults on the primary outcome parameters of plaque and gingivitis scores. As secondary parameter, tooth surface discoloration was evaluated as a side effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched up to July 2013 to identify eligible studies. Included were (randomized) controlled clinical trials, regarding self-performed brushing by adults without periodontitis with a minimum duration of 4 weeks. RESULTS Independent screening of 389 unique titles and abstracts resulted in 16 comparisons. Of these, nine evaluated CHX dentifrice (0.4-1.0%) and 7 CHX gel (0.2-2.0%). It was not possible to perform a meta-analysis; therefore, a descriptive analysis was carried out. Regarding plaque score reduction, the majority of the experiments using a CHX dentifrice provided a significant positive effect. All studies assessing gingival bleeding as parameter for gingivitis observed a significant reduction in favour of CHX dentifrice over placebo dentifrice. Tooth surface discoloration was more pronounced with CHX dentifrice. The combined data concerning parameters of interest for CHX gel compared with a placebo did not show a trend towards a beneficial effect on plaque and bleeding scores. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this analysis, it may be concluded that toothbrushing with a CHX gel does not provide conclusive evidence. Brushing with a CHX dentifrice can be effective with regard to the control of plaque and gingivitis. Tooth surface discoloration was observed as side effect, which potentially can have a negative impact on patients' compliance.
Standardised Maternal Guideline for Induction of Labour with Misoprostol

This guideline is a priority and was identified as such by the Maternal Guidelines Committee after publication of the 2002 and 2006 Saving Mothers Report (Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Mortality in South Africa). The off-label use of misoprostol as alternative to the much more expensive registered drugs for induction of labour caused concern as there is no single provincial guideline ensuring safe use of the drug, even though there is extensive published evidence available. About 20% of pregnant women will require induction of labour, which usually requires more than one intervention and will present challenges to clinicians, health care workers and mothers. As most mothers requiring induction of labour have an underlying medical problem, safe delivery in the appropriate setting is a priority.
Key Outcomes for Children: New Evidence from 'Growing up in Ireland'

The welfare of children is a key concern of Irish society and of government policy. A major new project, Growing Up in Ireland, aims to describe the lives of a large scale representative sample of Irish children, and to analyse the factors associated with positive and negative outcomes in terms of such areas as health and education. Such evidence is of critical importance in guiding policy choices affecting children. The study is a longitudinal one, i.e. it will follow two groups or “cohorts” of children over time: a cohort of 11,000 infants (nine months old) and cohort of 8,500 nineyear olds. A recently published report † based on initial data gathered on the nine-year old group already provides a great deal of interesting evidence on several domains of child outcomes including: • physical health and well-being, In this bulletin article we summarise some of the key findings regarding the educational achievement and intellectual development of nine-year olds, and their physical health. The Growing Up in Ireland study gathered information on the reading and mathematical ability of the nine-year-olds, using the Drumcondra reading and maths tests. Academic success, even at nine years of age, was strongly related to the child’s socio-economic circumstances. Figure 1, for example, outlines the proportion of children with the lowest reading scores (among the bottom 20 per cent or bottom “quintile”) classified by level of maternal education. This shows that children whose mother was herself less well educated were much more likely to be in the lowest reading quintile than were the children of graduate mothers (30 per cent compared with 8 per cent). The corollary, of course, is seen on the right hand side of Figure 1, which shows that 36 per cent of children whose mother is a graduate were in the highest reading quintile, compared with 11 per cent of those whose mother left school at lower secondary level or less. The pattern for other aspects of social background (income, social class etc.) was consistent with that for maternal education.
Strategies for Improving Sleep Health in Nurses

By Jacquelynn K. Hanvey, RN, BSN Washington State University May 2011 Chair: Denise Smart Loss of sleep affects an individual both physically and mentally. Health professionals with poor quality of sleep are at risk for patient medication errors and poor patient outcomes. Understanding the different dynamics of what may develop because of lack of sleep may motivate nurses to improve sleep health. Ways for improving sleep health are very basic and effective when addressed in the correct manner. Nurses, as well as other healthcare professionals, especially those who work irregular or night shifts, are at ri~kof sleep loss and/or sleep deprivation. This project, which was introduced in the style of a presentation/discussion, provided an evidence-based educational power point related to the effects of poor sleep quality, and sleep health promotion activities to enhance sleep health at a local 135 bed community hospital in Central Idaho. Thirteen nurses and eleven nursing students participated (n=24). Responses from participants were similar in that they all agreed they were affected by sleep loss. Nurses and the administrative staff must acknowledge and advocate for the improvement of sleep health. Improving sleep health may enhance personal health and work effectiveness and quality. Administrative personnel need to revisit the 12 hour shift policy, as well as investigate through on-site surveys the impact of shift work, staff meeting scheduling for night shift staff, overtime/call-back policies, and staffing policies that are sleep health-friendly.
LARGE DENTIGEROUS AND RADICULAR CYSTS OF THE MANDIBLE(CASE REPORT)

Radikuler kistler genellikle nekrotik ve enfekte pulpali dislerin apikalinde yer alan inflamatuar kemik kistleridir. Radikuler kist, pulpa olumunu takiben olusan inflamasyonun sonucu olarak gelisen bir kisttir. Dentigeroz kist ise surmemis bir disin kronu ile epiteli arasinda sivi birikmesi sonucu olusur. Kist disin boyun kismina yapisiktir ve dis folukulunu genisleterek buyur. Radikuler kistler non-vital disin kanal terapisini veya cekimini takiben kendiliginden duzelebilir. Bazi otorler kist epitelinin cerrahi olarak tamamen enukleasyonunu ve epitelyal kalintilarin cikarilmasini onermektedirler. Dentijeroz ve inflamtuar folikuler kistlerin bir tedavi secenegi de marsupyalizasyondur, fakat bircok yayinda ucuncu molar dislerin cekimini takiben kistlerin enukleasyonu onerilmektedir. Bu makalede ayni anda radikuler ve dentijeroz kist vakalari bulunan hasta takdim edildi ve bunlarin tedavi yaklasimi ile lezyonun siniflandirilmasi literatur destegi ile tartisildi
SOME RADICAL CHANGES IN THE AFTER-TREATMENT OF CELIOTOMY CASES.

The purpose of the changes which I have worked out within the last four years has been to free the patients from many irksome and disagreeable features of the after-treatment as usually carried out, and at the same time to make their recovery more rapid and more complete, so that they are able to leave the hospital at a much earlier date than has been customary and in such a condition of strength that they can follow their wonted occupations within a few days after their discharge from the hospital. The first impulse for these changes has been given by the observation of patients on whom vaginal celiotomy had been performed. I found, just as other surgeons did who used this method, that after intra-abdominal work done by the vaginal route with subsequent complete closure of the peritoneum and vagina by sutures, the patients could
Orthodontic and orthopaedic treatment for anterior open bite in children.

BACKGROUND Anterior open bite occurs when there is a lack of vertical overlap of the upper and lower incisors. The aetiology is multifactorial including: oral habits, unfavourable growth patterns, enlarged lymphatic tissue with mouth breathing. Several treatments have been proposed to correct this malocclusion, but interventions are not supported by strong scientific evidence. OBJECTIVES The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate orthodontic and orthopaedic treatments to correct anterior open bite in children. SEARCH METHODS The following databases were searched: the Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register (to 14 February 2014); the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL)(The Cochrane Library 2014, Issue 1); MEDLINE via OVID (1946 to 14 February 2014); EMBASE via OVID (1980 to 14 February 2014); LILACS via BIREME Virtual Health Library (1982 to 14 February 2014); BBO via BIREME Virtual Health Library (1980 to 14 February 2014); and SciELO (1997 to 14 February 2014). We searched for ongoing trials via ClinicalTrials.gov (to 14 February 2014). Chinese journals were handsearched and the bibliographies of papers were retrieved. SELECTION CRITERIA All randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials of orthodontic or orthopaedic treatments or both to correct anterior open bite in children. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed the eligibility of all reports identified. Risk ratios (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for dichotomous data. The continuous data were expressed as described by the author. MAIN RESULTS Three randomised controlled trials were included comparing: effects of Frankel's function regulator-4 (FR-4) with lip-seal training versus no treatment; repelling-magnet splints versus bite-blocks; and palatal crib associated with high-pull chincup versus no treatment.The study comparing repelling-magnet splints versus bite-blocks could not be analysed because the authors interrupted the treatment earlier than planned due to side effects in four of ten patients.FR-4 associated with lip-seal training (RR = 0.02 (95% CI 0.00 to 0.38)) and removable palatal crib associated with high-pull chincup (RR = 0.23 (95% CI 0.11 to 0.48)) were able to correct anterior open bite.No study described: randomisation process, sample size calculation, there was not blinding in the cephalometric analysis and the two studies evaluated two interventions at the same time. These results should be therefore viewed with caution. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is weak evidence that the interventions FR-4 with lip-seal training and palatal crib associated with high-pull chincup are able to correct anterior open bite. Given that the trials included have potential bias, these results must be viewed with caution. Recommendations for clinical practice cannot be made based only on the results of these trials. More randomised controlled trials are needed to elucidate the interventions for treating anterior open bite.
The Morbidly Adherent Placenta.

THIS paper deals with the history of, and statistics relating to, 66 cases of this condition encountered in the obstetric unit of the Royal Free Hospital, University of London, during the years 1921 to 1929 inclusive. The treatment of the morbidly adherent placenta presents a most interesting and, frequently, a harassing obstetrical problem in vie\\ of the high mortality and morbidity rates associated with tliis condition. T h e morbidly adlierent placenta m a y be classified into three types : -
Accident Analysis and Prevention

A breakdown analysis of civil aviation accidents worldwide indicates that the occurrence of runway excursions represents the largest portion among all aviation occurrence categories. This study exam-ines the human risk factors associated with pilots in runway excursions, by applying a SHELLO model to categorize the human risk factors and to evaluate the importance based on the opinions of 145 airline pilots. This study integrates aviation management level expert opinions on relative weighting and improvement-achievability in order to develop four kinds of priority risk management strategies for airline pilots to reduce runway excursions. The empirical study based on experts’ evaluation suggests that the most important dimension is the liveware/pilot’s core ability. From the perspective of front-line pilots, the most important risk factors are the environment, wet/containment runways, and weather issues like rain/thunderstorms. Finally, this study develops practical strategies for helping management authorities to improve major operational and managerial weaknesses so as to reduce the human risks related to runway excursions.
Geographical Information Systems and the Analysis of Health for Rural Populations

A myriad of economic, political and demographic factors continue to propel the “social transformation” of health in America. The healthcare industry has undergone drastic restructuring in the United States (Folland et al, 2001; McLafferty, 2003). During the 1980’s and 1990’s hospital closures, mergers, and reorganizations greatly impacted spatial organization and availability of healthcare services. Geographical restructuring to date has followed a pattern of hospital closures in rural and lower socio-economic (SES) areas and expansions of larger hospitals located in higher SES areas (Folland et al, 2001; Ginter et al, 1998; McLafferty, 2003). Subsequently, rural-to-urban restructuring has resulted in overall greater concentration of healthcare services in large tertiary hospitals thereby decreasing access by increasing the distance and travel time to healthcare services. This geographical restructuring of health services has most notably impacted rural populations. Significant decreases in healthcare services to the already vulnerable, at-risk rural populations have compounded the existing problem of healthcare disparities.
Will Omega-3 Fatty Acids Prevent Cardiovascular Disease In Asia?

C ardiovascular disease is no longer the leading cause of mortality only in Europe and North America, but it is increasingly documented as a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in developing countries. In Asia, where there are developing as well as developed countries, and countries in “transition” it is now recognized that cardiovascular disease is taking an increasingly heavy toll. This is linked to “westernization” of lifestyles which includes substantial increases in dietary total and animal fats in different Asian populations. Overweight and obesity with their accompanying type 2 diabetes are also major contributors to an epidemic in increasing cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality from which few countries are spared. Even in children, for example, a doubling of the prevalence of type 2 diabetes was documented in a Bangkok hospital over the period of a single year. Marked increases in cardiovascular risk contributors, including obesity and type 2 diabetes, are widely documented in such countries as Japan, Korea, and Thailand. It has been suggested that westernization of the diet may lead to more adverse changes in cardiovascular risk factors in Asian populations as compared to the Caucasian populations of Europe and the United States. These increases are not only associated with changing total fat intakes, but also a decrease in the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 (n-3) intakes in these countries. Many studies have now shown a correlation between higher dietary intakes of n-3 fatty acids and protection against cardiovascular disease, morbidity, and mortality. Two particular n-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA), are increasingly recognized as important modulators of molecular pathways that are important in the progression of cardiovascular disease. The essential fatty acid precursor of EPA and DHA, α-linolenic acid, is generally less effective in protective mechanisms relating to cardiovascular disease. n-3 fatty acids decrease inflammatory pathways, cardiac excitability, platelet aggregation and clotting, and reduce blood triglyceride levels, blood pressure, and the stability of atheromatous plaques. In addition, EPA and DHA reduce vascular smooth muscle hypertrophy, reduce endothelial dysfunction, increase vascular activity, and decrease cholesterol accumulation in the arterial wall. These biological pathways potentially contribute to the beneficial effects of primary and secondary prevention of factors related to cardiovascular disease in trials where n-3 fatty acid intake have been augmented through diet or through supplements. Will Omega-3 Fatty Acids Prevent Cardiovascular Disease In Asia?