Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The safety and efficacy of intrathecal opioid analgesia for acute postoperative pain: seven years' experience with 5969 surgical patients at Indiana University Hospital.

UNLABELLED To assess the efficacy of the analgesic technique and the incidence of complications, we prospectively evaluated patients who received intrathecal opioid analgesia (ITOA) to manage postsurgical pain. Daily quality assurance data were collected on the first postoperative day and tabulated for 5969 adult patients who had received ITOA for major urologic, orthopedic, general/ vascular, thoracic, and nonobstetrical gynecologic surgery. A scale of 1-10 was used to quantify each patient's satisfaction with analgesia. The incidence of side effects, complications, and naloxone usage was also recorded and tabulated. The mean satisfaction score using a 10-point numeric rating scale was 8.51, with a score of 1 connoting "complete dissatisfaction" and 10 connoting "complete satisfaction. " Side effects were minor and easily managed. Pruritus was the most common (37%). Respiratory depression was the least common (3%), easily detected by nursing observation, never life-threatening, and always responsive to treatment with naloxone. There were no deaths, nerve injuries, central nervous system infections, or naloxone-related complications. Postdural puncture headaches were rare (0.54%), as was the need for epidural blood patch (0.37%). IMPLICATIONS Over a 7-yr period, intrathecal opioid analgesia was used to control acute postoperative pain on nearly 6000 patients, resulting in a high degree of patient satisfaction and a low incidence of side effects and complications.
Image enhancement using a nonlinear method with an improved Single-Scale Retinex algorithm

In this paper a new approach is proposed to enhance images that inspired by adaptive global and local processing of the human visual system. The method first uses a principal component analysis to the original image to provide orthogonality between channels and thus reduces the chromatic changes induced by the processing of luminance. Then a nonlinear method is applied to adjust the global dynamic range. Finally with an improved Sing-Scale Retinex algorithm whose filter shape is adapted to high-contrast edges of the image, the local contrast is increased without generating halo artifacts or washed-out problems. Our method is compared with other algorithms and renders more visually pleasing images.
Evidence for Cell-Surface Association Between Fusin and the CD4-gp120 Complex in Human Cell Lines

Accessory cell-surface molecules involved in the entry of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 into cells have recently been identified and shown to belong to the family of chemokine receptors. Treatment of human cell lines with soluble monomeric gp120 at 37°C induced an association between the surface CD4-gp120 complex and a 45-kilodalton protein, which can be down-modulated by the phorbol ester phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. The three proteins were coprecipitated from the cell membranes with antibodies to CD4 or to gp120. The 45-kilodalton protein comigrated with fusin on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels and reacted with rabbit antisera to fusin in protein immunoblots. No 45-kilodalton protein could be coprecipitated from similarly treated nonhuman cells. However, infection of 3T3.CD4.401 cells with vaccinia-fusin recombinant virus (vCBYF1), followed by gp120 treatment, resulted in coprecipitation of fusin and CD4.401 molecules from their membranes. Together these data provide evidence for physical association between fusin and the CD4-gp120 complex on cell membranes.
A high-density 6.9 sq. /spl mu/m embedded SRAM cell in a high-performance 0.25 /spl mu/m-generation CMOS logic technology

In this work, we demonstrate a 6.9 sq. /spl mu/m embedded SRAM cell in a 0.25 /spl mu/m physical design-rule salicide high-performance CMOS technology. The scalability of this salicide-CMOS embedded-SRAM technology is demonstrated by functionality of the same SRAM cell implemented in 0.35 /spl mu/m and 0.25 /spl mu/m design rules. To our knowledge this is the smallest reported SRAM cell in a salicide-only technology, and is achieved using deep-UV lithography, shallow-trench isolation, damascene tungsten low-resistance local interconnect, and optimization of design-rules. Process and structure studies indicate process extendability to 0.18 /spl mu/m lithography generation. The CMOS technology is a 1.8 V, 0.12 /spl mu/m nominal L/sub EFF/, dual work-function CMOS with 4.0 nm gate oxide. The unloaded inverter and 2-way NAND gate delays are 24 and 45 ps respectively with 1.8 V power supply, and 57 and 98 ps with 1.0 V power supply.
Active element pattern and array pattern of patch array antenna including ground edge effect

The active element pattern (AEP) and beam pattern of a patch array antenna are analytically calculated with a finite ground plane. The patch antenna is modeled by two equivalent magnetic current sources. Edge diffraction by surface wave is also added. To obtain AEP, the phase and magnitude of scattering parameters from full-wave simulation are utilized. To validate our calculation, the calculated results are compared with HFSS full-wave simulation. The results show that the effects of edge diffraction are significant as the number of array is smaller.
Shape-Set Dimensionality vs Structural-Distance Effects in a Patient with Category-Specific Visual Agnosia

The shape identification performance of a patient with category-specific agnosia for biological objects (E.L.M.) was investigated. E.L. M. ’s ability to remember the association between visual shapes and computer-screen locations was assessed. All shape sets comprised exemplars that differed along a single diagnostic dimension. Two shape sets shared values on nondiagnostic dimensions, whereas a third set had differences on a redundant second dimension. E.L. M. significantly benefited from information contained in the redundant second dimension indicating that he can extract object information concerning multiple visual dimensions. We propose that E.L. M. ’s problem involves disambiguating exemplars that are closely located in multidimensional shape space.  1999 Academic Press
Calibration of measured head-related transfer function database

Some causes and those effects on measurement error of head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) were analyzed. Among different causes of error on HRTF measurement, change of exact location of a listener and corresponding position change of eartips are the most important. The measurement error caused by change of position of a listener and eartips makes notable discontinuities of HRTF in space-frequency domain. For reducing discontinuity of measured HRTF, a method of using moving average and bilinear interpolation was proposed. By introducing a proposed method, detailed spectra which consist of notches and peaks are remained but smoothness of variation of HRTF with respect to change of polar angle is compensated. After applying a proposed calibration method to HRTF with discontinuities, resultant of spectra is well-matched to those of exactly measured HRTF, and the matching-improvement is about 4dB in terms of spectral distortion.
Review of models for power exchanges with non-convex technical constraints for investment decisions

To study investment incentives sent by energy prices in European power exchanges in the context of high renewable injections, it is necessary to model precisely the functioning of the short-term market. In particular, the possible impacts of non-convex technical constraints on prices should be considered as they may deeply impact investment decisions. In this article, four different models are compared based on two criteria, the complexity and the relevance to represent the functioning of a power exchange when technical constraints are considered. A trade-off between these two criteria is needed and no model seems to meet successfully both. As a result, an intermediate model like a convex Unit Commitment model or a decentralized model with simple bids appears to be a wise solution to study the investment decisions.
RNA expression of cytochrome P450 in breast cancer patients.

BACKGROUND The expression pattern of cytochrome P450 genes (CYPs) affected by tumorigenesis may have an important role in the progression of cancer and in the metabolism of anticancer drugs. The aim of the study was to determine the expression patterns of four cytochrome P450 genes (CYP1B1, 2C9, 2E1 and 3A4) in breast cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS mRNA expression was quantified by real-time PCR. Analyses of 40 sets of human breast tumors, adjacent non-tumor tissues and of 18 peripheral blood lymphocyte samples were performed. Expression levels were tested for correlation with clinical and pathological data of patients. RESULTS Expression levels of CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 were negligible. CYP1B1 expression was on average 50-fold higher than that of CYP2E1 with overexpression detected in one third of the tumors. Correlation of CYP1B1 expression in lymphocytes with that in non-tumor tissues was found. Significantly higher CYP2E1 expression was associated with an invasive lobular type of tumor, locally advanced disease as well as with non-tumor tissue of progesterone receptor-negative patients. CONCLUSION CYP2E1 expression has a potential role as a breast cancer prognosis marker. The observed high CYP1B1 expression in tumor cells may evoke changes in their response to drugs which are substrates of P450 1B1 and influence metabolism or activation of environmental carcinogens.
High-Speed Visible Light Communications Using Multiple-Resonant Equalization

White light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are becoming widespread in commercial lighting applications, and there are predictions that they will be in common use in domestic applications in the future. There is also growing interest in using these devices for both illumination and communications. One of the major challenges in visible light communications is the low modulation bandwidth (BW) available from devices, which is typically several megahertz. In this letter, we describe a link that uses 16 LEDs which are modulated using a resonant driving technique, creating an overall BW of 25 MHz. This is used to implement a 40-Mb/s nonreturn-to-zero on-off keying link which operates at low error rates, and also provides illumination at levels sufficient for a standard office environment.
Malnutrition in the acutely ill patient: is it more than just protein and energy?

Abstract Malnutrition has traditionally been thought to involve deficiencies in protein and energy (macronutrients); however, we know that specific key nutrients, when deficient. can also lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Large studies performed with replacement of single nutrients, such as zinc, in malnourished populations in Africa and other developing countries has led to reductions in respiratory infections and diarrhoeal diseases. In this regard, It is being increasingly that acutely ill hospitalized patients may not only be malnourished from a macronutrient standpoint, but that such patients may also be deficient in a number of key functional pharmaconutrients. This new knowledge creates a new era in nutritional support, where nutritional therapy is presenting the surgical and critical care community with a “unique opportunity” to improve patient outcomes with a safe, relatively inexpensive and effective intervention. Our vision for the future of nutritional pharmacology in surgery and critical care is one where there will be initiation of early (< 24–48 hours post-surgery or ICU admission) nutrient delivery, preferentially via the enteral route. This should be supplemented by parenteral nutrition in “at risk” patients, when adequate energy cannot be provided enterally. Pharmaconutrients to target therapy to specific disease states in such should be administered as separate components, in a manner similar to that of administering an antibiotic or drug.
Science of the Conscious Mind

Human beings have direct access to their own mental states, but can only indirectly observe cosmic radiation and enzyme kinetics. Why then can we measure the temperature of far away galaxies and the activation constant of kinases to the third digit, yet we only gauge our happiness on a scale from 1 to 7? Here we propose a radical research paradigm shift to embrace the subjective conscious mind into the realm of objective empirical science. Key steps are the axiomatic acceptance of first-person experiences as scientific observables; the definition of a quantitative, reliable metric system based on natural language; and the careful distinction of subjective mental states (e.g., interpretation and intent) from physically measurable sensory and motor behaviors (input and output). Using this approach, we propose a series of reproducible experiments that may help define a still largely unexplored branch of science. We speculate that the development of this new discipline will be initially parallel to, and eventually converging with, neurobiology and physics.
The Human IL-13 Locus in Neonatal CD4+ T Cells Is Refractory to the Acquisition of a Repressive Chromatin Architecture*

The Th2 cytokine IL-13 is a major effector molecule in human allergic inflammation. Notably, IL-13 expression at birth correlates with subsequent susceptibility to atopic disease. In order to characterize the chromatin-based mechanisms that regulate IL-13 expression in human neonatal CD4+ T cells, we analyzed patterns of DNase I hypersensitivity and epigenetic modifications within the IL-13 locus in cord blood CD4+ T cells, naive or differentiated in vitro under Th1- or Th2-polarizing conditions. In naive CD4+ T cells, hypersensitivity associated with DNA hypomethylation was limited to the distal promoter. Unexpectedly, during both Th1 and Th2 differentiation, the locus was extensively remodeled, as revealed by the formation of numerous HS sites and decreased DNA methylation. Obvious differences in chromatin architecture were limited to the proximal promoter, where strong hypersensitivity, hypomethylation, and permissive histone modifications were found selectively in Th2 cells. In addition to revealing the locations of putative cis-regulatory elements that may be required to control IL-13 expression in neonatal CD4+ T cells, our results suggest that differential IL-13 expression may depend on the acquisition of a permissive chromatin architecture at the proximal promoter in Th2 cells rather than the formation of locus-wide repressive chromatin in Th1 cells.
A Functional Role for Circulating Mouse L-Selectin in Regulating Leukocyte/Endothelial Cell Interactions In Vivo1

L-selectin mediates the initial capture and subsequent rolling of leukocytes along inflamed vascular endothelium and mediates lymphocyte migration to peripheral lymphoid tissues. Leukocyte activation induces rapid endoproteolytic cleavage of L-selectin from the cell surface, generating soluble L-selectin (sL-selectin). Because human sL-selectin retains ligand-binding activity in vitro, mouse sL-selectin and its in vivo relevance were characterized. Comparable with humans, sL-selectin was present in adult C57BL/6 mouse sera at ∼1.7 μg/ml. Similar levels of sL-selectin were present in sera from multiple mouse strains, despite their pronounced differences in cell surface L-selectin expression levels. Adhesion molecule-deficient mice prone to spontaneous chronic inflammation and mice suffering from leukemia/lymphoma had 2.5- and 20-fold increased serum sL-selectin levels, respectively. By contrast, serum sL-selectin levels were reduced by 70% in Rag-deficient mice lacking mature lymphocytes. The majority of serum sL-selectin had a molecular mass of 65–75 kDa, consistent with its lymphocyte origin. Slow turnover may explain the relatively high levels of sL-selectin in vivo. The t1/2 of sL-selectin, assessed by transferring sera from wild-type mice into L-selectin-deficient mice and monitoring serum sL-selectin levels by ELISA, was >20 h, and it remained detectable for longer than 1 wk. Short-term in vivo lymphocyte migration assays demonstrated that near physiologic levels (∼0.9 μg/ml) of sL-selectin decreased lymphocyte migration to peripheral lymph nodes by >30%, with dose-dependent inhibition occurring with increasing sL-selectin concentrations. These results suggest that sL-selectin influences lymphocyte migration in vivo and that the increased sL-selectin levels present in certain pathologic conditions may adversely affect leukocyte migration.
DEVELOPMENT OF ENDOGENOUS PEROXIDASE IN FETAL RAT SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND

The prenatal development of endogenous peroxidase activity in the submandibular gland of rat was investigated by means of the diaminobenzidine-H2O2 histochemical method. The submandibular gland of a 16-day-old fetus was composed of cords of uniform, undifferentiated cells which contained no secretory granules and revealed no peroxidase activity. Peroxidase activity first appeared at the 17th day of gestation in the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope in a few cells. At the 18th day of gestation cells which exhibited reaction products in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope also contained secretory granules with a strong peroxidase activity. During the last days of gestation the number of peroxidase positive cells, which contained numerous secretory granules, increased. The peroxidase-containing cells are the immediate precursors of the proacinar cells of early postnatal stages. During the same time period, when the peroxidase-containing cells differentiated, a second cell type also differentiated in the cellular cords. The development of this cell type was marked by the appearance of secretory granules stainable with toluidine blue. Through the prenatal development, this cell type revealed no peroxidase activity and was identified with the terminal tubule cell of the newborn. The morphologic and cytochemical findings indicate that terminal tubule cells and proacinar cells are committed cells; the former differentiate toward 2nd order intercalated duct cells and the latter transform to mature acinar cells.
Including human tasks as semantic resources in manufacturing ontology models

Human operators play an important role especially in high added value manufacturing. The use of knowledge representation for decision making at runtime becomes more important. Modern automatic control systems should be capable to seamlessly include and assist operators. This paper describes how to represent information on operator's skills and include it into service-oriented orchestration approach for a production line. This approach allows operator to act not as a passive element, but as active asset for the orchestration engine to consider in production plans.
Developmental Neurobiology of the Stress Response: Multilevel Regulation of Corticotropin‐Releasing Hormone Function a

The ability to respond to adverse environmental cues is present in the neonatal and infant rat, although in an immature form: A number of laboratories have demonstrated stress-induced elevations of plasma glucocorticoids during the first two postnatal weeks. The limbic and hypothalamic mechanisms controlling the hormonal stress-response during this period are not fully understood and are, therefore, the focus of this report. Both hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and vasopressin contribute to the release of ACTH from the pituitary in the adult. The relative roles of these two peptides during the neonatal (first week) and infant (second week) developmental period, are controversial. Evidence is presented that argues strongly for a major role for CRH. Up-regulation of hypothalamic CRH synthesis is a major component in the mature stress response. CRH-mRNA levels in the hypothalamic PVN are increased with cold stress by ninth postnatal day, but not during the first postnatal week. Further, down-regulation of CRH gene expression by glucocorticoids (GC) constitutes a critical "shut-down" mechanism for the hormonal stress response. In vivo and in vitro experiments supporting the "immaturity" of GC feedback on CRH synthesis during the first postnatal week are described. CRH-mediated neurotransmission, in both the endocrine and neuronal effector arms of the response to stress may be modulated via alteration of receptor number. The first member of the CRH receptor family, CRF1, probably mediates the neuroendocrine effects of CRH. The developmental profile of CRF1-mRNA reveals several distinctive spatial and temporal patterns. In the hippocampal CA1, CA2, and CA3a peak (300-600% adult values) CRF1-mRNA is found on postnatal day 6. In the amygdala, CRH receptor mRNA levels are maximal on the ninth postnatal day (at 180% of adult values). In cortex, a steady decline from high postnatal day 2 levels results in adult levels by 12. These findings demonstrate distinct, regional, age-specific control of the synthesis of CRF1. Receptor expression profile may provide important information regarding modulation of the age-specific roles of CRH in different regions. For example, a high ratio of hippocampus/amygdala receptors may preferentially activate negative hippocampal input to the hypothalamus during the neonatal period. Additionally, increased CRH receptor mRNA in the infant compared with the adult provides a mechanism for enhanced excitatory effect of the peptide at this age. In conclusion, increasing evidence exists for multiple control points of the early postnatal response and adaptation to stress. CRH synthesis in hypothalamus and amygdala, its sensitivity to GC feedback, and the abundance and distribution of at least two distinct CRH receptors in the limbic central nervous system and the pituitary are developmentally regulated. All serve as control points permitting an effective endocrine, autonomic, and behavioral response to stressful environmental cues.
Augmented Reality System using a Smartphone Based on Getting a 3 D Environment Model in Real-Time with an RGB-D Camera

In this paper, we propose a system to achieve Augmented Reality (AR) on a smartphone. In this system, we assume a fixed RGB-D camera connected to a server is installed in the environment, and perform AR based on the 3D environment shape got by the RGB-D camera in real-time. On the smartphone side, it sends the image captured by its camera, and receives the output image processed to perform AR by the server. On the server side, it sends back the image that virtual objects are superimposed on. At this time, by constructing the 3D environment model in real-time using the RGB-D camera, it is possible to calculate the smartphone pose and the interaction between the virtual objects and the environment properly. It is also possible to change the lighting virtually. Our experiment revealed it is possible to superimpose virtual objects on the smartphone in approximately 8fps.