Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discharge Patterns of Single Fibers in the Cat's Auditory Nerve

The yield of alkenols and cycloalkenols is substantially improved by carrying out the reaction of olefins with formaldehyde in the presence of selected catalysts. In accordance with one embodiment, alk-3-en-1-ols are produced in good yields from isobutylene and formaldehyde in the presence of organic carboxylic acid salts of Group IB metals.
Influence of Wastewater Discharge on the Occurrence of PBTC, HEDP, and Aminophosphonates in Sediment, Suspended Matter, and the Aqueous Phase of Rivers

Sediment, suspended matter (SM), and water of a large river (Neckar; River1) and a small river (Körsch; River2) were analyzed for the phosphonates 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTC), 1-hydroxyethylidene (1,1-diphosphonic acid) (HEDP), aminotris (methylphosphonic acid) (ATMP), ethylenediaminetetra (methylene phosphonic acid) (EDTMP), and diethylenetriaminepenta (methylene phosphonic acid) (DTPMP). Ten samplings were performed at intervals of one to two months during one year, each covering the relevant matrices before and behind the discharge point of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). In River1, the total concentration of dissolved phosphonate did not change significantly (2.4–5.8 µg/L before vs. 2.5–6.6 µg/L behind WWTP; p = 0.9360). In River2, it increased significantly from <0.1–1.6 µg/L to 19–39 µg/L (p < 0.0001). Based on the median, the total phosphonate load in River1 sediment increased 1.9-fold (6.7–29.4 mg/kg before vs. 17.8–53.5 mg/kg behind WWTP; p = 0.0033) and in River2 by a factor of eight (1.8–5.0 mg/kg before vs. 18.1–51.4 mg/kg behind WWTP; p < 0.0001). This indicates that phosphonates discharged by WWTPs adsorb onto solid particles and accumulate in the sediment. In the case of River2, the SM load could reach values of 1000–1710 mg/kg behind the WWTP, presumably due to the introduction of insufficiently retained activated sludge particles of >2000 mg/kg phosphonate loads. In general, the nitrogen-free phosphonates PBTC and HEDP were most predominant in both dissolved and adsorbed form, of which HEDP had the highest adsorption affinity.
Trigonella foenum-graecum and Trigonella corniculata seed extracts exert a protective action on alcohol toxicity in BRL3A rat liver cells.

In this study we have investigated the protective effect of Trigonella seed extract against ethanol induced toxicity in BRL3A rat liver cells. Cells were treated with either 30 mM ethanol alone or together with Trigonella seed extract for 24 h. We have performed various assays in treated cells to evaluate the ability of seeds to prevent the toxic effects of ethanol. Ethanol treatment suppressed the growth of BRL3A rat liver cells and induced cytotoxicity, oxygen radical formation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Incubation of TSE with ethanol increased cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. It caused a decrease in lactate dehydrogenase outflow. Trigonella seed extract reduced the production of TBARS. Apoptosis was observed in ethanol treated cells while TSE reduced apoptosis by decreasing the accumulation of G1 phase cells. The cytoprotective effects of TSE were comparable with those of a positive control. For this we have used silymarin, a known hepatoprotective agent. The data obtained suggest that fenugreek seeds can be considered cytoprotective in ethanol induced liver damage due to their polyphenolic compounds. INTRODUCTION A worldwide problem regarding the socioeconomic and medical impact is the chronic ethanol consumption. Ethanol, also called ethyl alcohol, pure alcohol, grain alcohol, or drinking alcohol, is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid. It is a psychoactive drug, best known as the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages and in modern thermometers. Ethanol is converted into acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase and then into acetic acid by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. The product of the first step of this breakdown, acetaldehyde, is more toxic than ethanol. Acetaldehyde is linked to most of the clinical effects of alcohol. It has been shown to increase the risk of developing cirrhosis of the liver, multiple forms of cancer, and alcoholism (Mos L. et al., 2008). The mechanisms by which ethanol causes cell injury are many and the effects can be on the short or long-term. Some of the major hypotheses suggested to play a significant part in ethanol-induced cell injury are redox state changes, damage to mitochondria, direct effects of ethanol on membrane and excessive generation of free radicals (Cederbaum, 2001). Ethanol is a central nervous system depressant and has significant psychoactive effects in sublethal doses; for specifics, see effects of alcohol on the body by dose (Table 1). Based on its abilities to change the human consciousness, ethanol is considered a drug. Death from ethyl alcohol consumption is possible when blood alcohol level reaches 0.4%. A blood level of 0.5% or more is commonly fatal. Levels of even less than 0.1% can cause intoxication, with unconsciousness often occurring at 0.3-0.4%.
Congruence of hierarchical, localized variation in cranial shape and molecular phylogenetic structure in spiny rats, genus Trinomys (Rodentia: Echimyidae)

Congruence between patterns of localized, hierarchical variation in cranial shape and topological, molecular phylogenetic structure was investigated in a monophyletic lineage of Neotropical spiny rats of the genus Trinomys. Levels of organizational complexity in shape were assessed from two-dimensional coordinates of anatomical landmarks for dorsal, ventral and lateral views of the cranium, and the scale of variation in cranial shape was decomposed hierarchically using the statistical formalism of geometric morphometrics. The patterns of variation in cranial shape were evaluated for the five taxa of Trinomys in terms of ordinations in the reduced space of relative warps, with the scores of partial warps weighted to emphasize the hierarchical localization of shape differences in different geometric scales. The fit of the morphological shape data to the molecular phylogeny and analysis of the correlation between measures of the differences in shape and molecular phylogenetic distances demonstrated that only variation in small, localized scales in cranial shape in the lateral view of the cranium was congruent with molecular phylogenetic structure. The significance and perspectives of the application of geometric descriptors of shape and the identification of scales of variation for the study of morphological and molecular evolution are discussed. © 2003 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2003, 80, 385–396.
CAPACIDADE ANTIOXIDANTE E FENÓLICOS TOTAIS DE MAXIXE (Cucumis anguria L.)

O objetivo desse estudo foi quantificar o teor de fenolicos totais e avaliar a atividade antioxidante in vitro nos extratos aquosos e etanolicos do maxixe (Cucumis anguria L.) . Os extratos foram obtidos de forma sequencial, utilizando 20 g de maxixe previamente triturado e 100 mL de solvente (agua e alcool). A determinacao dos fenolicos totais foi pelo metodo de Folin-Ciocalteu, utilizando-se como padrao o acido galico e a atividade antioxidante in vitro pelo metodo de captura de radicais livres: DPPH (radical 1,1-diphenil-2-picrilhydrazil) e ABTS (radical 2,2’azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid). Os teores de fenolicos totais foram de 1,42 ± 0,21 e 4,42 ± 0,95 mg acido galico/ 100 g fruto nos extrato aquoso e etanolico, respectivamente. Ja para a atividade antioxidante utilizando o radical DPPH os extratos aquosos e etanolicos apresentaram uma protecao do radical de 22% e 19%, respectivamente na concentracao de 400 mg/mL e de 38 % e 35% na concentracao de 800mg/mL. Quanto a atividade antioxidante utilizando o radical ABTS os valores TEAC foram de 6,1 e 18,0 mM Trolox/100g de maxixe para os extratos aquoso e etanolico. Demonstrando, dessa forma, que o maxixe possui compostos com propriedades de combater os radicais livres e seu consumo associado a uma dieta saudavel trara beneficios a saude da populacao.
An Untargeted Metabolomic Comparison of Milk Composition from Sheep Kept Under Different Grazing Systems

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different feedings on main traits and polar and semi-polar metabolite profiles of ovine milk. The milk metabolome of two groups of Sarda sheep kept under different grazing systems were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and multivariate statistical analysis (MVA). The results of discriminant analysis indicated that the two groups showed a different metabolite profile, i.e., milk samples of sheep kept under Grazing System 1 (GS1) were richer in nucleosides, inositols, hippuric acid, and organic acids, while milk of sheep under Grazing System 2 (GS2) showed higher levels of phosphate. Statistical analysis of milk main traits indicates that fat content was significantly higher in GS1 samples while milk from GS2 sheep had more urea, trans-vaccenic acid, and rumenic acid. MVA studies of the associations between milk main traits and metabolite profile indicated that the latter reflects primarily the long chain fatty acid content, the somatic cell count (SCC), and lactose levels. All together, these results demonstrated that an integrated holistic approach could be applied to deepen knowledge about the effects of feeding on sheep’s milk composition.
Duality in Linear Fractional Programming Under Fuzzy Environment Using Hyperbolic Membership Functions

A linear fractional programming problem and its dual problem is presented under fuzzy environment. Appropriate fuzzy version of duality results are established using an aspiration level approach. This study uses the hyperbolic membership functions to represent fulfillment of the decision maker's degree of satisfaction in contrast to available literature which relied on linear membership functions/exponential membership functions.
Effect of partial substitution of soybean meal with lupine seeds in feeding laying hens on production and economic performance.

800x600 Research has aimed to establish the effect of partial substitution of soybean meal protein with lupine flour free of alkaloids in feeding laying hens on egg quantity and quality of consumption, and the economic efficiency of application of this new feeding solutions. The experiment was conducted as a completely randomized experimental design consisted of four treatments randomly assigned to four groups of hens in the shed for 34 weeks. Lot Lc (control) was fed a diet of corn and soy srot. The experimental diets were used with different levels of substitution of soy protein meals lupine beans (-40% low, medium and high -60% -80% for groups E1, E2 and E3 respectively). We have used white lupine beans, variety Energy (coming from France), grown in specific climatic conditions of the western part of Romania. All diets were formulated to contain similar levels of metabolizable energy, crude protein and amino acids boundaries. The results show that substituting soy protein lupine meals in proportion of 40%, 60% and 80% (corresponding batches E1, E2 and E3) in feed for laying hens for egg consumption had negative effects on quantitative indicators egg production, egg size except that significantly (p <0.05) when soy protein meals were substitued to 80% of protein from lupine beans (for E3). Lupin negatively affected feed intake, the effects being more evident in the experimental group E3. Decreased food intake was accompanied by a corresponding reduction in the size of eggs, so that the degree of recovery of the food did not register differences between groups. Introducing lupin hens feeding and reduce the loss caused soybean cakes cost price of fodder by 20%, leading to an increase in net profit in the experimental groups, with up to 36.11% compared with controls (LC). Normal 0 21 false false false RO X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4
The funding scheme “Impact innovation” - The idea behind and the results of an assessment

Im Februar 2017 startete die Osterreichische Forschungsforderungsgesellschaft (FFG) mit einer ersten Ausschreibung des Forderprogramms "Impact Innovation". Im Gegensatz zu traditionellen F&E-Forderinstrumenten waren eine eingehende Problemanalyse, der Ideenfindungsprozess und die Ideenauswahl integraler Bestandteil der zu fordernden Projekte. Trotz der durchweg positiven Ergebnisse, die sich gezeigt haben, birgt das Programm eine Reihe von Herausforderungen in sich, die weiterer Uberlegungen bedurfen. Diese beziehen sich auf die Hauptziele des Programms, neue Arten von Innovationen und neue Zielgruppen anzusprechen. Das vorliegende Assessment schliest mit Empfehlungen zur Bewaltigung dieser Herausforderungen.
DIGESTIBILIDADE DO RESÍDUO DO PROCESSAMENTO DO CAROÇO DE ALGODÃO EM BOVINOS DE CORTE.

The study was aimed at evaluating the influence of the replacement of sugarcane by the residue of the cottonseed processing (cottonseed residue), on the digestibility of the diet in bovines. Eight crossbred steers with approximately 30 months of age and average weight of 285 kg were used. The experimental design was a 4 x 4 duplicate latin square. The treatments consisted of: 0% cottonseed residue and 100% sugarcane (R0C100); 25% cottonseed residue and 75% sugarcane (R25C75); 50% cottonseed residue and 50% sugarcane (R50C50); 75% cottonseed residue and 25% sugarcane (R75C25). Dry matter intake ranged from 6.47 to 6.84 kg/d, not demonstrating significant effect of the treatments. The dry matter coefficient of digestibility was reduced from the inclusion of 50% of cottonseed residue, while the digestibility of crude protein and crude energy dropped only when 75% cottonseed residue was added to the diet. In relation to the digestibility of organic matter, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, significant differences among the treatments were not observed. The use of the cottonseed-processing residue in high levels (75% dry matter diet) compromised the digestibility. Therefore, in the evaluated conditions, it may be recommended up to the level of 50%.
Relationship between the suppression of photosynthesis and starch accumulation in the pod-removed bean

Effects of pod removal on the photosynthetic rates and their under lying biochemical properties were examined in leaves of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Pod removal led to decreases in the photosynthetic gas- exchange rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 pressure. H owever, these decreases in photosynthesis were not asso-ciated with changes in the amounts of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carb oxylase (Rubisco) and other several photo-synthetic components, but were associated with an increase in starch content. In addition, such a decrease in the photosynthetic rate was not observed when measured with O2 evolution under conditions of saturating CO2. Similarly, although a decrease in CO2-limited photosynthesis for a given Rubisco content was found in depodded plants, neither the speci fic activity nor activation state of Rubisco decreased . The decrease in the photosynthetic gas-exchange rate by pod removal was rec overed by shading the plants. CO2-limited photosynthesis per unit of Rubisco protein was also completely recovered at the same l evel in the plants with pods. At the same time, starch accumu-lation was also decreased by shading. From these results, we concluded that the suppression of photosynthesis observed in depodded beans was caused by the hindrance of CO2 diffusion due to starch accumulated in the chloroplast.
Automatic Staff Reconstruction within SIMSSA Project

The automatic analysis of scores has been a research topic of interest for the last few decades and still is since music databases that include musical scores are currently being created to make musical content available to the public, including scores of ancient music. For the correct analysis of music elements and their interpretation, the identification of staff lines is of key importance. In this paper, a scheme to post-process the output of a previous musical object identification system is described. This system allows the reconstruction by means of detection, tracking and interpolation of the staff lines of ancient scores from the digital Salzinnes Database. The scheme developed shows a remarkable performance on the specific task it was created for.
The Songs of the Grasshoppers and Crickets of Western Europe

My own eldest daughter was saying that as a child she thought all families went to the continent of Europe collecting grasshoppers and bush-crickets and if you believe the senior author this was clearly the same for his family. Small children have such sharp ears and their eyes are so near the ground that they make wonderful assistants; this was the norm not the exception. At our age (early sixties) insect songs bring home the lowered sensitivity of human ears and the value of grandchildren! This book represents a lifetime of what he calls (Ephonotaxonomy. With the market for fairly cheap portable recording equipment having created instruments of sufficient quality, calling song can now be recorded, and indeed should be recorded, when taxonomic studies are made. Morphological studies have also improved including those of the male genitalia and stridulatory files where appropriate (especially in Grylloidea, Tettigonioidea and Acridoidea/Gomphocerinae). Compare the simplicity of approach by Dirsh,1956a in which an entire monograph on African catantopini was published without mention of the male internal genitalia (Dirsh, 1956b in the same year publishing a paper on the value of the male genitalia in acridoidea in relation to taxonomy) with that by Otte and Alexander, 1983 in which Australian Crickets are identified using an enlarged suite of characters including sonograms. This sort of detail is now accepted. Ragge and Reynold's book is a good quality reference work with masses of information, but under no circumstances can it be taken as light bedside reading. The complexity in song revealed (an inevitable result of technical advance of our taxonomic procedures) and the fact that we now have means of studying fine (Edialects'within taxa, is an immense step forwards. Ragge and Reynolds lay all the basics for a mass of new research making the question of orthopteroid songs far less daunting for their readers.
Financing Target and Product Line Design on the Flexible and Fixed Reward Crowdfunding

This study examined the product line design under two different types of reward crowdfunding, namely, the fixed and the flexible reward crowdfunding. To investigate different effects of the two different reward crowdfunding mechanisms, we addressed the problem of product and pricing decisions in reward crowdfunding by incorporating individual rationality and incentive compatibility into different funding modes. Specifically, when the creator designed the menu price, we compared the menu design, which includes price and quality between the product line under two different crowdfunding mechanisms. We found that when the quality was exogenous, the project could have higher success rate and get more expected profit under the fixed reward crowdfunding than that under the flexible reward crowdfunding; however, the creator could set a higher target and a larger price discrepancy under the flexible reward crowdfunding in some specific market condition. Then, we extended to the situation where the quality was endogenous and found the similar results as the quality was exogenous. Interestingly, the quality differentiation of the product line under the flexible reward crowdfunding is much more than that under the fixed reward crowdfunding. These results can provide the guideline and suggestion to help the creators design their product line, set the target, and select the suitable modes between the fixed and the flexible reward crowdfunding.
Telomere and Telomerase in Cancer: Recent Progress

Telomeres are specialized structures at the ends of all eukaryotic chromosomes and have special biological functions. They protect chromosomes from nucleolytic degradation, endto-end fusions, and to be recognized as damaged DNA. Telomeres also contribute to the functional organizations of the chromosomes within the nucleus, participate in the regulation of gene expression, and most importantly, they serve as a molecular clock that controls the replicative capacity of the cells (Allsopp et al., 1992; Bailey et al., 2006; Chan & Blackburn, 2004; Hahn, 2005; O’sullivan & Karlseder, 2010).
Random regression models for milk, fat and protein in Colombian Buffaloes

Objetivo. Fueron estimadas funciones de covariancia para los efectos geneticos aditivos y de ambiente permanente, y posteriormente fueron estimados los parametros geneticos para la produccion de leche en el dia del control (PDC) para leche (MY), grasa (FY), proteina (PY) y produccion de queso mozzarella (MP), usando modelos de regresion aleatoria (RRM) mediante Polinomios Ortogonales de Legendre (LP) en bufalos de Colombia. Materiales y Metodos. Fueron analizados 1884 registros de PDC de primeras lactancias para MY, FY, PY y MP, hijas de 228 reproductores. Los registros procedian de 14 rebanos entre 1995 y 2011. Para las PDC fueron consideradas 10 clases mensuales de dias en lactancia. Los grupos contemporaneos fueron definidos como rebano-ano-mes de control. Fueron incluidos en el modelo efectos aleatorios genetico aditivo, de ambiente permanente y residual. Los efectos fijos incluidos fueron grupo contemporaneo, efecto lineal y cuadratico de edad al parto, y curva promedia de la lactancia de la poblacion, la cual fue modelada por un LP de tercera orden. Los efectos aleatorios genetico aditivo y de ambiente permanente fueron estimados por RRM mediante LP de tercero a sexto orden. Las variancias residuales fueron modeladas usando estructuras homogeneas y heterogeneas. Resultados. Las heredabilidades para MY, FY, PY y MP variaron de 0.38 a 0.05, 0.67 a 0.11, 0.50 a 0.07 y 0.50 a 0.11, respectivamente. Conclusiones. En general, los RRM son adecuados para describir la variacion genetica para la PDC de MY, FY, PF y MP en bufalos de Colombia.
Vaccination: A key way to prevent Newcastle disease in poultry of Nepal

Nepal is a country with variation in topography and diverse climatic zones. Agriculture is a major occupation for majority of Nepalese engaging 66% of total population in farming and Poultry farming is integral part of the agriculture in Nepal. Nepal has long history of traditional poultry keeping. Poultry are the important source of valuable dietary proteins and rural cash income. In recent data, about 72 million chickens and 400 thousand ducks are present which include commercial, small holder and backyard type of farm. Poultry sector is an emerging industry engaging and employing 70,000 people directly contributing about 4% in National GDP. In present days, the traditional poultry farming is replaced by commercial farming. But the challenge and constraints on poultry sector are increasing day by day. Outbreak and spread of emerging infectious disease is headache in poultry farming. Various disease like Avian influenza, Newcastle disease, IBD, IB, ILT, coccidiosis, Avian Mycoplasmosis, Fowl typhoid, Fowl pox etc. cause serious economic loss in poultry industry. Newcastle disease is common and spread throughout the country having higher incidence in the summer which is caused by avian paramyxovirus type-1 of Paramyxoviridae. Vaccines are important tool for prophylactic measures. In many countries, vaccination against ND is routinely practiced for prevention and control of disease and types of vaccines and vaccination schedule vary according to potential threat and virulence property of the field challenge virus. There is big challenge for vaccine researchers, manufacturers and scientists for development of effective vaccine against Newcastle disease. In this paper, we will discuss about present status of Newcastle disease and Vaccine produced in Nepal and Vaccination protocol to prevent spread of Newcastle Disease in Nepal.