Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Insurance Fraud

Insurance fraud is a major problem in the United States at the beginning of the 21st century. It has no doubt existed wherever insurance policies are written, taking different forms to suit the economic time and coverage available. From the advent of "railway spine" in the 19th century to "trip and falls" and "whiplash" in the 20th century, individuals and groups have always been willing and able to file bogus claims. The term fraud carries the connotation that the activity is illegal with prosecution and sanctions as the threatened outcomes. The reality of current discourse is a much more expanded notion of fraud that covers many unnecessary, unwanted, and opportunistic manipulations of the system that fall short of criminal behavior. Those may be better suited to civil adjudicators or legislative reformers. This survey describes the range of these moral hazards arising from asymmetric information, especially in claiming behavior, and the steps taken to model the process and enhance detection and deterrence of fraud in its widest sense. The fundamental problem for insurers coping with both fraud and systemic abuse is to devise a mechanism that efficiently sorts claims into categories that require the acquisition of additional information at a cost. The five articles published in this issue of the Journal of Risk Insurance advance our knowledge on several fronts. Measurement, detection, and deterrence of fraud are advanced through statistical models, intelligent technologies are applied to informative databases to provide for efficient claim sorts, and strategic analysis is applied to property-liability and health insurance situations.
Participation aux services système de fermes d'éoliennes à vitesse variable intégrant du stockage inertiel d'énergie

Dans ce travail, une solution pour que des systemes de generation, a base d'eolienne associee a du stockage inertiel d'energie, puissent participer aux reglages du reseau est presentee. II comporte trois parties. La premiere partie traite des generateurs eoliens et des reseaux electriques. Elle est divisee en trois chapitres. Le chapitre 1 presente un etat de l'art des generateurs eoliens les plus couramment connectes au reseau electrique francais. Le chapitre 2 presente le systeme electrique francais et son exploitation. Le chapitre 3 resume les problemes d'integration de l'eolien dans les reseaux. La seconde partie presente le systeme de generation propose pouvant participer au reglage de la tension, contribuer au reglage de la frequence et fonctionner en ilotage. Sa modelisation et sa commande y sont developpees. La structure presentee se compose d'un generateur eolien associe a un systeme de stockage inertiel qui se comporte comme une source de tension a l'aide d'une regulation utilisant des correcteurs resonnants. Cette section est divisee en trois parties. Le chapitre 4 presente le generateur eolien. Le chapitre 5 traite du systeme de stockage inertiel. Le chapitre 6 developpe l'interface de raccordement au reseau du systeme de generation. La troisieme partie presente des resultats numeriques et experimentaux de la configuration retenue pour le systeme de generation. Elle est decomposee en deux chapitres. Le chapitre 7 illustre, a l'aide de simulations numeriques realisees a l'aide du logiciel MatIab - Simulink, le comportement du systeme de generation connecte a differentes topologies de reseau. Differents superviseurs permettant de gerer l'etat du stockage inertiel, en tenant compte de la puissance debitee par le generateur eolien, sont presentes. L'objectif de cette gestion est de disposer d'une reserve d'energie lors d'une sollicitation du reseau (passage d'un fonctionnement en reseau connecte a un fonctionnement en ilote, participation eventuelle au reglage primaire de frequence. . ). Les actions d'un superviseur simplifie, developpe dans de precedents travaux, et de superviseurs proposes dans ce travail, utilisant la logique floue, seront illustrees et comparees. Le chapitre 8 presente des resultats experimentaux de la configuration retenue; obtenus au moyen d'un banc d'essais de 3 kW, qui permettront de valider le fonctionnement du systeme propose en fonctionnement ilote sur charge equilibree et desequilibree. Enfrn le memoire se termine par une conclusion et des perspectives.
Visualizing the keyboard in virtual reality for enhancing immersive experience

Recently, virtual reality (VR) becomes more and more popular and provides users an immersive experience with a head-mounted display (HMD). However, in some applications, users have to interact with physical objects while immersed in VR. With a non-see-through HMD, it is difficult to perceive visual information from the real world. Users must recall the spatial layout of the real surroundings and grope around to find the physical objects. After locating the objects, it is still inconvenient to use them without any visual feedback, which would detract the immersive experience.
Association between the severity of coronary artery stenosis and the combination of the difference in blood pressure between arms and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity

Abstract Background: A difference in systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥10 mmHg between the arms is associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and mortality in high-risk patients. Methods and results: Four hundred and fourteen patients were divided into three groups according to the percent most severe luminal narrowing of a coronary artery as diagnosed by coronary computed tomography angiography: no or mild coronary stenosis (0–49%), moderate stenosis (50–69%) and severe stenosis (≥70%) groups. The relative difference in SBP between arms in the severe group was significantly lower than those in the no or mild and moderate groups. The brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) significantly increased as the severity of coronary stenosis increased. We confirmed that severe coronary stenosis was independently associated with both the relative difference in SBP between arms and baPWV, in addition to age, gender, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus and ankle-brachial index by a logistic regression analysis. The group with a relative difference in SBP between arms of <1 mmHg and baPWV ≥ 1613 cm/s showed a higher percentage of patients with severe coronary stenosis than groups that met neither or only one of these criteria. Conclusion: The combination of the relative difference in SBP between arms and baPWV may be a more effective approach for the non-invasive assessment of the severity of CAD.
Adiabatic Preparation of Many-Body States in Optical Lattices

We analyze a technique for the preparation of low-entropy many-body states of atoms in optical lattices based on adiabatic passage. In particular, we show that this method allows preparation of strongly correlated states as stable highest energy states of Hamiltonians that have trivial ground states. As an example, we analyze the generation of antiferromagnetically ordered states by adiabatic change of a staggered field acting on the spins of bosonic atoms with ferromagnetic interactions.
Fabrication of Photonic Crystal Structures by Electron Beam Lithography

A variety of photonic crystal structures have been patterned using an electron beam lithography instrument developed by modifying a scanning electron microscope. The cumulative dose lithography technique developed for use with this instrument has enabled dense structures such as photonic crystals to be efficiently fabricated. This technique overcomes the need for large pattern data files and minimises the number of shapes to expose in order to produce the final structures. This has the advantages of reducing the time spent blanking and unblanking the beam and minimizing the effect of artifacts due to beam blanking on a large number of shapes. The lithography pattern data files are also reduced in size and the characteristic benefits of electron beam lithography are retained. These include the wide range of line widths available and the ability to rapidly vary the topology of the fabricated structures by changing only the pattern data files since no exposing mask is required.
Prediction and evaluation of memory performance by young and old adults.

Does the poorer performance of older people in laboratory tests of episodic memory result from metamemory problems? Memory of 20 young and 20 old adults for 60 "unrelated" paired associates was measured by an associative matching task. Two metamemory measures also were taken: Each pair was rated at the time of study for the likelihood that the person would recall it (prediction measure) and on the matching task each response pairing was judged as to its correctness (response evaluation measure). Young adults were correct on 50% of the associative matches, old only 30%. The two groups did not differ in the predictive metamemory measure: Both were able to predict relative memorability. Old persons, however, underestimated task difficulty (i.e., they overestimated the number of correct associative matches they would make, whereas the young did not). Both groups were quite accurate in the response evaluation measure.
Large-conductance Ca2+- activated K+ channels:physiological role and pharmacology.

Large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK(Ca)) channels differ from most of other K(+) channels in that their activation is under dual control, i.e., activated by either increase in intracellular Ca(2+) or membrane depolarization. These channels, which are widely distributed in a variety of cells, can control Ca(2+) influx as well as a number of Ca(2+)-dependent physiological processes. In neurons or neuroendocrine cells, BK(Ca) channels are believed to play an important role in controlling hormonal secretion by altering the duration and frequency of action potentials. The activity of BK(Ca) channels functionally expressed in vascular endothelial cells can control K(+) efflux and affect intracellular Ca(2+) concentration. Experimental observations have revealed that a variety of compounds can directly modulate BK(Ca) channel activity. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, a metabolite of arachidonic acid, and the increase in intracellular cyclic GMP with vinpocetine or YC-1 can stimulate BK(Ca) channel activity. The increased activity of BK(Ca) channels thus serves as a negative feedback mechanism to limit Ca(2+) influx in excitable cells. Clotrimazole, an imidazole P-450 inhibitor used for the management of sickle cell anemia, can directly suppress BK(Ca) channel activity. Riluzole, a drug used for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, can directly enhance channel activity in neuroendocrine cells. This effect may explain its inhibitory action on excitatory neurotransmission. 2-Methoxyestradil, an endogenous metabolite of 17beta-estradiol, suppresses BK(Ca) channel activity, whereas resveratrol, a natural phytoalexin present in grapes and wine, directly stimulates BK(Ca) channel activity in vascular endothelial cells. These effects may be responsible for their actions on functional activities of endothelial cells. The fenamates, a family of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, are also openers of BK(Ca) channels. Therefore, the modulation of BK(Ca) channel activity in excitable and non-excitable cells can be important for therapeutic interventions.
Regulation of Mitochondrial Iron Import through Differential Turnover of Mitoferrin 1 and Mitoferrin 2

ABSTRACT Mitoferrin 1 and mitoferrin 2 are homologous members of the mitochondrial solute carrier family. Mitoferrin 1 is required for mitochondrial iron delivery in developing erythrocytes. Here we show that mitoferrin 1 and mitoferrin 2 contribute to mitochondrial iron delivery in a variety of cells. Reductions in mitoferrin 1 and/or mitoferrin 2 levels by RNA interference result in decreased mitochondrial iron accumulation, heme synthesis, and iron-sulfur cluster synthesis. The ectopic expression of mitoferrin 1 in nonerythroid cells silenced for mitoferrin 2 or the expression of mitoferrin 2 in cells silenced for mitoferrin 1 restored heme synthesis to “baseline” levels. The ectopic expression of mitoferrin 2, however, did not support hemoglobinization in erythroid cells deficient in mitoferrin 1. Mitoferrin 2 could not restore heme synthesis in developing erythroid cells because of an inability of the protein to accumulate in mitochondria. The half-life of mitoferrin 1 was increased in developing erythroid cells, while the half-life of mitoferrin 2 did not change. These results suggest that mitochondrial iron accumulation is tightly regulated and that controlling mitoferrin levels within the mitochondrial membrane provides a mechanism to regulate mitochondrial iron levels.
On stability of linear time-varying systems

This paper presents two easy-to-check criteria that test respectively the necessary condition for the asymptotic stability and the sufficient condition for the instability of linear time-varying systems. A necessary and sufficient condition, defined in terms of the newly introduced concept of the mode-vectors is also given for stability of linear time-varying systems. An algorithm for finding the mode-vectors is presented. Several examples are given to illustrate the applications of the results in the paper.
Gate-tunable carbon nanotube–MoS2 heterojunction p-n diode

Significance The p-n junction diode is the most ubiquitous and fundamental building block of modern electronics, with far-reaching applications including integrated circuits, detectors, photovoltaics, and lasers. With the recent discovery and study of atomically thin materials, opportunities exist for adding new functionality to the p-n junction diode. Here we demonstrate that a p-n heterojunction diode based on atomically thin MoS2 and sorted semiconducting carbon nanotubes yields unprecedented gate tunability in both its electrical and optical properties, which is not observed in the case of bulk semiconductor devices. In addition to enabling advanced electronic and optoelectronic technologies, this p-n heterojunction diode provides new insight into charge transport and separation at atomically thin heterointerfaces. The p-n junction diode and field-effect transistor are the two most ubiquitous building blocks of modern electronics and optoelectronics. In recent years, the emergence of reduced dimensionality materials has suggested that these components can be scaled down to atomic thicknesses. Although high-performance field-effect devices have been achieved from monolayered materials and their heterostructures, a p-n heterojunction diode derived from ultrathin materials is notably absent and constrains the fabrication of complex electronic and optoelectronic circuits. Here we demonstrate a gate-tunable p-n heterojunction diode using semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and single-layer molybdenum disulfide as p-type and n-type semiconductors, respectively. The vertical stacking of these two direct band gap semiconductors forms a heterojunction with electrical characteristics that can be tuned with an applied gate bias to achieve a wide range of charge transport behavior ranging from insulating to rectifying with forward-to-reverse bias current ratios exceeding 104. This heterojunction diode also responds strongly to optical irradiation with an external quantum efficiency of 25% and fast photoresponse <15 μs. Because SWCNTs have a diverse range of electrical properties as a function of chirality and an increasing number of atomically thin 2D nanomaterials are being isolated, the gate-tunable p-n heterojunction concept presented here should be widely generalizable to realize diverse ultrathin, high-performance electronics and optoelectronics.
Applications of SV-GMR sensor for detecting micro non-magnetic and ferromagnetic material

This paper describes the application of recognition of micro non-magnetic (conductive) and ferromagnetic materials (Fe) using a Spin-Valve Giant Magneto-Resistance (SV-GMR) as a sensor. High frequency and static magnetic fields were applied to the specimens. The proposed Eddy Current Testing (ECT) probe with a SV-GMR sensor was used to detect the magnetic field variation from the specimens. Experiments were performed to detect both non-magnetic single and array (PbSn, 125 μm radius) using the SVGMR sensor. The analytical results are agreed with the experimental results. Furthermore, the experimental results of magnetic particles (Fe, size of 20 60 μm) were also successfully detected.
Understanding and Evaluating the Impact of Sampling on Anomaly Detection Techniques

In this paper, the emphasis is placed on the evaluation of the impact of various packet sampling techniques that have been proposed in the PSAMP IETF draft, on two widely used anomaly detection approaches. More specifically, we evaluate the behavior of a sequential nonparametric change-point detection method and an algorithm based on principal component analysis (PCA) with the use of different metrics, under different traffic and measurement sampling methodologies. One of the key objectives of our study is to gain some insight about the feasibility and scalability of the anomaly detection process, by analyzing and understanding the tradeoff of reducing the volume of collected data while still maintaining the accuracy and effectiveness in the anomaly detection
The chronology of Lapita ware in New Caledonia

The Lapita ceramics that define the ‘Lapita’ cultural complex of the southwestern Pacific are named for the type-site of Lapita, on the south Melanesian island of Nouvelle-Calédonie (New Caledonia). The island archipelago's early sites are central to shaping what Lapita is, and — if Lapita is not alone — to how it meshes with the other precocious ceramics made by voyagers of the western Pacific. Varied radiocarbon determinations need to be collated, and some stratigraphic complications resolved.
Cycle de reproduction naturelle de l'huître creuse Crassostrea gigas

Depuis l'introduction dans les annees 1970 de Crassostrea gigas sur le littoral francais, seuls deux secteurs (i.e., littoral charentais, Bassin d'Arcachon) ont permis un cycle de reproduction complet aboutissant a un recrutement annuel regulier, et l'etablissement de populations naturelles. Dans les autres bassins de production (Normandie, Bretagne, Vendee, Mediterranee), une gametogenese complete peut s'effectuer aboutissant a une ponte, et parfois un recrutement lorsque les conditions thermiques sont favorables. Le facteur « temperature» apparait comme le principal facteur limitant la reproduction dans le milieu naturel. Les phases de croissance et de reproduction sont simultanees. Le cycle de reproduction des huitres de 1 an montre une evolution asynchrone de la gametogenese avec une forte variabilite interannuelle alors que la phase de croissance apparait prioritaire pour ces animaux. A l'inverse, les individus plus âges montrent une maturation synchrone aboutissant a 1 ou 2 pontes massives, avec un metabolisme oriente de facon prioritaire vers la reproduction. L'effort de reproduction croit avec l'âge pour atteindre un poids de gametes representant 60% et 80% du poids sec de chair a l'âge de 2 et 3 ans respectivement. L'huitre C. gigas est generalement consideree comme une espece a hermaphrodisme successifprotandrique. Des inversions de sexe sont toutefois observees chez les animaux adultes.
Psychological factors in terrorism and counterterrorism: Individual, group, and organizational levels of analysis.

This article explores psychological factors involved in terrorism and counter-terrorism on individual, group, and organizational levels of analysis. On the individual level, we describe attempts to understand terrorist behavior as a form of psychopathology and/or as reflecting a unique constellation of personality traits. We also consider whether there exists a general motivational basis for participating in terrorism. On the group level of analysis, we address the process of shared reality construction, social influence involved in recruitment of new members to terrorist organization, their indoctrination into terrorist ideology, and the use of language in creating terrorism warranting norms. On the organizational level, we consider issues of training, logistics, and cost effectiveness as they apply to the decisions to launch or abstain from terrorist activities. We conclude by considering the implications of our analysis for possible ways and means for countering terrorism.
Mobile Robot with Grasp Manipulator: Mechanical Design

The present paper addresses the design and construction stages of a skid steer wheeled mobile robot (WMR) configuration. The pieces employed in the WMR were designed to be compatible with the extruded aluminium profile widely used in industry, facilitating subsequent WMRs designs. The pieces were designed using Solid Works and, later, simulated via Solid Works Simulation software. Additionally, images of both the 3D model and the real prototype are shown.
Complexity Measure Applied to the Analysis EEG Signals

Electroencephalograms (EEGs) reflect the electrical activity of the brain. The problem of analyzing and interpreting the meaning of these signals has received a great deal of attention. Since EEG signals may be considered chaotic, chaos theory may supply effective quantitative descriptors of EEG dynamics and of underlying chaos in the brain. The complexity of the chaotic system can be characterized by complexity measure computed from the signals generated by the system. The complexity measures include the algorithm complexity of Kolmogorov and C1/C2 complexity. This paper gives one new complexity definition of partition algorithm complexity. The experiments proved that the method can distinguish health from diseases. Complexity measure not only provides a new method to analyze EEG signal, but also advances a new idea for diagnosing mental diseases
The Dependence of Cluster Galaxy Star Formation Rates on the Global Environment

A comparison of star formation properties as a function of environment is made from the spectra of identically selected cluster and field galaxies in the CNOC 1 redshift survey of over 2000 galaxies in the fields of 15 X-ray luminous clusters at 0.18 < z < 0.55. The ratio of bulge luminosity to total galaxy luminosity (B/T) is computed for galaxies in this sample, and this measure of morphology is compared with the galaxy star formation rate as determined from the [O II] λ3727 emission line. The mean star formation rate of cluster galaxies brighter than Mr=-17.5+5logh is found to vary from 0.17 ± 0.02 h-2 M☉ yr-1 at R200 (1.5-2 h-1 Mpc) to 0.00 ± 0.01 in the cluster center, and it is always less than the mean star formation rate of field galaxies, which is 0.39 ± 0.01 h-2 M☉ yr-1. It is demonstrated that this significant difference is not exclusively a result of the difference in morphological type, as parameterized by the B/T value, by correcting for the B/T-radius relation. The distribution of [O II] equivalent widths among cluster galaxies is skewed toward lower values relative to the distribution for field galaxies of comparable physical size, B/T, and redshift, with a statistical significance of more than 99%. The cluster environment affects not only the morphological mix of the galaxy population but also suppresses the star formation rate within those galaxies, relative to morphologically similar galaxies in the field.