Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Avaliação de indicadores inflamatórios no diagnóstico da mastite bovina

The aim of this trial was to evaluate and compare the distinct indictors of inflammation in the diagnosis of mastitis. The somatic cell count (SCC), the California Mastitis Test score, the electrical conductivity, the hydrogen ion concentration (pH), the chloride content and the bacteriological status of 321 milk samples from mammary glands without any clini­cal signs were analyzed. Their predictor value as an indicator of inflammation was calculated considering the bacteriologic examination as the gold standard test. Then, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and likelihood ratio at various cut-off values were established. The bacteriologic exam resulted in 46.73% of the samples being positive, with Staphylococcus sp. the main genus isolated. The SCC and CMT proved to be the best predictors. On the other hand, pH, electrical conductivity and chloride content did not prove to be reliable diagnostic indicators when used in isolation
Child Mortality at Different World Regions: A Comparison Review

The loss of a child is a tragedy - families suffer and human potential is wasted. 6.3 million children under the age of five died in 2013, nearly 17 000 every day. Most deaths among children aged one to five years are due to diseases that can be prevented, but that can also be easily treated at home or in health facilities. Leading causes of death in under-five children are preterm birth complications, pneumonia, birth asphyxia, diarrhea and malaria. About 45% of all child deaths are linked to malnutrition. Under-five deaths are increasingly concentrated in sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia, while the proportion in the rest of the world dropped from 32% in 1990 to 18% in 2013. Children in subSaharan Africa are more than 15 times more likely to die before the age of five than children in developed regions. About half of under-five deaths occur in only five countries: China, Democratic Republic of the Congo, India, Nigeria and Pakistan. India (21%) and Nigeria (13%) together account for more than a third of all under-five deaths.
Effect of trisodium phosphate on mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacterial flora attached to the skin of chicken carcasses during refrigerated storage

The potential for using trisodium phosphate (TSP) to reduce mesophilic and psychrotrophic populations on the skin of chicken carcasses was explored. Skin samples were immersed in sterile tap water (control) or an 8%, 10% or 12% solution of TSP at 20 °C for 15 min. Surface pH values and mesophilic and psychrotrophic plate counts were determined after 0, 1, 3 and 5 days of storage at 2° C. After
Psychosocial Impact of Breast Cancer: A Critical Review

This article reviews recent literature on the psychosocial impact of breast cancer, with a focus on the adjustment period, treatment, and psychosocial interventions. These studies have shown that as many as one-quarter of women with breast cancer suffer marked psychological morbidity associated with diagnosis and treatment, though for many women psychological distress declines substantially within a year after treatment. Research regarding treatment options has shown that, for women who can be treated with breast-conserving surgery, less invasive surgery may result in less body image concern and better sexual functioning. Factors which appear to moderate the impact of breast cancer on women's psychological health include coping styles, information preferences, social support, and pre-treatment psychiatric morbidity. Studies of psychosocial interventions suggest positive effects of social support, cognitive therapy, and supportive information. Future research efforts should be directed toward understanding special subgroups of women, and developing and testing behavioral interventions to improve psychosocial adjustment among women at high risk. Approaches which enhance patient–provider communication and patient involvement in care may be most beneficial.
SUPPORTS PROVIDED BY NURSES FOR MOTHERS OF PREMATURE NEWBORNS HOSPITALIZED IN NICU

Background and Aim: During recent 25 years, development in technology and investigation has been led to survive majority of newborns with low gestational age, even among very premature newborns. Hospitalization of premature newborns immediately after birth is inevitable in most situations. It seems that supports delivered by nurses for families of these newborns are very important. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the importance/amount of supports provided by nurses for mothers of premature newborns hospitalized in NICU. Material and Method: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to conduct the study. The study population consisted of all mothers with hospitalized premature newborn in NICU (n=300) during the first 6 months, year 2007, in three teaching hospitals in Tabriz (Taleghani, Alzahra, Kodakan). Sampling method was census and data were collected by NPST questionnaire. Validity of the scale was confirmed in terms of content and translation validity. Reliability of the scale was determined with Cronbach alpha ((cid:2)=0.9). Results: The findings showed that the most important received by mothers were informational-communicational and quality of care. Also, the difference between perceived importance and received support were statistically significant for four dimensions. Conclusion: Results showed that the mothers wanted more supports than they received from nurses. For this case, planning for promotion of nursing professional supports for parents, especially mothers with hospitalized premature newborn in NICU is necessary.
THERAPEUTIC METAPHORS FOR CHILDREN AND THE CHILD WITHIN

Therapeutic Metaphors for Children and the Child Within is best for those working with children and adolescents who are interested in counselling, play therapy and seeking alternatives in counselling settings. Mills and Crowley draw upon the teachings from the late psychiatrist Dr Milton H. Erikson (1901–1980), who specialised in hypnosis, family therapy, solution-focused brief therapy and neuro-linguistic programming. The main concept of this book is the use of symbolic language of metaphor and storytelling in counselling. It is well regarded in both eastern and western cultures and documented by Kopp (1971) that the ‘use of metaphor is a primary vehicle for teaching’ (p. 6). The book is broken into four main parts. Parts I and II (Chapters 1–6) walk through the elements of metaphor and how to create stories with the client. It is apparent that Parts I and II are practically the same book that was released originally in 1986, as the case studies presented have dated pop culture references (e.g., of the recent release of E.T. the Extra Terrestrial). A lot of research has taken place in the past 30 years; it would have been in the author’s best interest to include and acknowledge some of the advances of science (especially in neuroscience) and other counselling techniques and interventions that can also help explain and illustrate the functional use of metaphors (and vice versa). This could have been achieved, as some of the case studies presented used metaphor in such a way that parallels could be drawn to address CBT concepts in creative and illustrative ways and not just constrained to the methods we are familiar with from typical psychological training. Part III (Chapters 7–8) of this text is where the applications of metaphor are demonstrated in a much more succinct manner and illustrate the potential effectiveness for
Minimal Erythema Dose to Narrow Band Ultraviolet – B in a Group of Libyan Patients

Background: Narrow-band ultraviolet B (NBUV-B) is now widely considered as the first choice phototherapy modality for most photo-responsive skin conditions. In most dermatology centers where phototherapy is performed, the starting dose of NBUV-B phototherapy is calculated as a proportion of the minimal erythema dose (MED). This is in order to maximize the therapeutic response, decreasing therapeutic duration and reducing the risk of burning. Treatment with NBUV-B phototherapy is usually given three times per week, with a typical course requiring 18-30 treatments for disease clearance. Such treatment regimens require accurate assessment of the MED prior to commencing treatment in order to avoid overdoses or underdoes of NBUV-B. Aim: The purpose of this study is to determine the MED of 311nm NBUV-B in a group of Libyan patients. Methods: 150 patients with a various skin diseases who attending the phototherapy unit at Beer UstaMelad hospital of dermatology and venereology, Tripoli Libya during an 8 months period were recruited for this prospective study. The studied skin diseases include psoriasis, vitiligo, atopic dermatitis and others. All patients were classified into skin types using the questionnaire of Fitzpatrick. Irradiation with 311nm NBUV-B was performed over the right forearm by using a MED tester device (Dermalight® 80 ) then the results of the test were recorded 24 hours later. Results: Among the studied patients; 82(54.7%) patients were females and 68(45.3%) patients were males. Their age ranged between 10 60 years while 30% of the included group were in the age group of 3140 years. The patients were diagnosed on clinical grounds to have the following conditions; vitiligo 65(43.3%) patients, psoriasis 61(40.7%) patients, eczema 8(5.3%) patients, pruritus 6(4%) patients and alopecia areata and lichen planus 5(3.3%) patients each . According to Fitzpatrick's classification, the skin phototypes of the included series were; 15(10%) patients of skin type III, 118 (78.7%) patients of skin type IV and 17(11.3%) patients of skin type V. The minimal required dose to produce an erythema for NBUV-B among the recruited patients was ranged between 300 mJ/cm2 to 750 mJ/cm2 with a mean dose of 484.7±82.2 mJ/cm2 . Conclusions: The mean MED to 311nm NBUV-B in Libyan patients was around 500 mJ/cm2, and this can be used to decide the initial dose and treatment regimen of phototherapy for different skin diseases. Phototherapy, Narrowband, Erythema, Minimal, Dose. http://jmscr.igmpublication. org/home/ ISSN (e)-2347-176x ISSN (p) 2455-0450 DOI: https://dx.doi. org/10.18535/jmscr/v7i10.14
Comparaison de l'efficacité et de la sécurité de deux posologies de misoprostol dans le cadre d'une maturation cervicale sur fœtus vivants à partir de 37 semaines d'aménorrhée

Objectifs : comparer la securite et l'efficacite entre le misoprostol 25 µg et 50 µg dans le cadre de la maturation et du declenchement du travail au troisieme trimestre sur fœtus vivants. Materiel et methodes : Cent quarante-quatre patientes sont inclues dans cette etude dont cent quatre nullipares. Dans le premier groupe, un comprime de 25 µg de misoprostol est place en intravaginal et repose toutes les quatre heures avec un maximum de quatre poses. Dans l'autre groupe, les patientes ont recu un comprime de 50 µg de misoprostol intravaginal toutes les 6 heures avec un maximum de deux poses la premiere journee et un comprime de 50 µg intravaginal toutes les quatre heures avec un maximum de trois poses la deuxieme journee. Resultats : La duree du travail est significativement diminuee dans le groupe 50 µg par rapport au groupe 25 µg dans la population generale (8h01 ± 5h10 vs 5h48 ± 4h18, p 0.05). L'amelioration du score de Bishop au passage en salle de naissance est plus elevee dans le groupe 50 µg par rapport au groupe 25 µg dans la population generale (6.74 ± 2.13 vs 7.71 ± 1.91, p<0.01) et dans la population des nullipares (6.62 ± 2.13 vs 7.58 ± 2.04, p<0.05). La douleur evaluee sur une echelle de 0 a 10 au passage en salle de naissance est plus grande dans le groupe 50 µg dans la population generale (5.98 ± 1.21 vs 7.88 ± 3.52, p<0.01) et dans la population des nullipares (6.34 ± 3.70 vs 7.97 ± 2.36, p<0.05). Nous n'avons pas retrouve de differences significatives pour les taux de cesariennes, d'hemorragies du post-partum immediat, d'hypercinesies et d'utilisation d'ocytociques. De plus, n'y a pas de difference concernant l'issue neonatale.
Aspirin does not inhibit adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet alpha- granule release

The involvement of metabolites of arachidonic acid in platelet-dense granule secretion and secondary platelet-platelet interactions is well characterized. However, their role in heterotypic interactions dependent on alpha-granule secretion is less well understood. Using platelet-surface expression of P-selectin as a marker of alpha-granule secretion, we have shown that: (1) aspirin treatment of platelets at doses that block dense granule secretion does not inhibit alpha-granule secretion to adenosine diphosphate (ADP); (2) synergism between epinephrine and ADP in the induction of P-selectin expression is similarly unaffected by aspirin; and (3) the ability of P-selectin to mediate adhesion of activated platelets to monocytes and polymorphonuclear lymphocytes in whole blood is also unchanged by aspirin treatment. To further explore the mechanisms responsible for platelet alpha-granule secretion, we have shown that inhibition of Na+/H+ exchange by either acidification of the extracellular medium or amiloride treatment blocked ADP-induced P-selectin expression. In contrast, incubation with the platelet lipoxygenase inhibitor 5,8,11- eicosatrynoic acid, by itself and with aspirin, did not decrease ADP- induced P-selectin expression. We conclude that platelet alpha-granule secretion in response to ADP is dependent on intact Na+/H+ exchange but is independent of the lipoxygenase- and cyclooxygenase-dependent metabolites of arachidonic acid.
Mode of delivery affects perinatal lung liquid changes and clinical adaptation of the newborn

Introduction: Caesarean section (CS) rates are increasing worldwide and pre-labour CS do so at the highest rate. Although CS undoubtedly save some lives, it is equally true that higher neonatal mortality and morbidities, particularly in relation to lung adaptation at birth, are associated with this mode of delivery. Despite recognition that clearance of the liquid filling the fetal lung is an essential step in the establishment of effective postnatal air-breathing, the pathophysiologic mechanisms of neonatal respiratory morbidity after CS are still under debate. We therefore lack insight for development of novel approaches to improve respiratory outcome in the newborn infant, the primary neonatal pathology. Objective: To summarises up-to-date clinical and animal research providing insight into the effect of delivery mode on lung liquid clearance and on respiratory adaptation at birth. Method: A non-systematic translational pathophysiologic review based on the last 30 years of experimental data to corroborate clinical epidemiological findings. Review: The bulk of research in perinatal lung adaptation and respiratory distress at birth has focused on surfactant. Little translational research has put lung liquid clearance into clinical context, yet it is known that infants delivered by CS have more liquid left in the airspaces of their lungs compared to infants born vaginally at a similar gestational age. Both, the regulation of lung volume during gestation, and the influence of labour and mode of delivery on perinatal clearance of lung liquid, have a major impact on how the lung becomes adapted for birth. Transformation of the lung, from its fetal state of liquid secretion to its neonatal mode, when it is in essence a dry organ of air breathing, is crucial for gas exchange. The importance of this change, on which all organs count for vital oxygenation, depends on several distinct but connected physiological changes that are linked to labour. The review will provide explanations for diverging results in the past and consider the timing of lung liquid clearance via the two available pathways, one across the alveolar epithelium, the other through the airways. As a final goal, the review will provide clinicians involved with perinatal issues with up-to-date understanding of the physiology of fetal lung liquid clearance and how lack of labour through CS delivery affects neonatal lung adaptation at birth. Conclusion: Clinical and experimental evidence suggests that pre-labour birth not only results in relative prematurity, but additionally curtails the extent of lung liquid clearance that occurs in a normal vaginal delivery at term. Although steroids can be used to improve maturation of the pulmonary gas exchange ‘machinery', the active expulsion of lung liquid via the airways appears to relate to the occurrence of uterine contractions, while the normal trigger for trans-epithelial liquid absorption in the ante- and post-natal lung depends on a labour-induced adrenaline surge.
Caracterización y percepción de carga de cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedad crónica en Arauca

A group of family caregivers caring for people suffering from non-transmissible chronic diseases (NTCD) attending the San Vicente Hospital in Arauca was characterised and their perception regarding the level of care burden was determined by using a cross-sectional, quantitative, descriptive study involving intentional, non-probabilistic sampling of 42 family caregivers of people suffering NTCD, capturing spatial data concerning them between August and October 2012. This study forms part of the Reducing Chronic Disease Burden Programme in Colombia. The description of the socio-demographic characteristics and health data regarding the family caregivers of people suffering NTCD and those receiving their care attending San Vicente Hospital in Arauca led to an approach being made to assessing their care conditions. Regarding perception of care burden level, 83% of the family caregivers considered that they were not overburdened, 7% were slightly overburdened and 10% were intensely overburdened.
Outcome after tonsillectomy in adult patients with recurrent pharyngitis

Recurrent pharyngitis causes doctor visits, antibiotics use and absences from school or work and thus worsens patients’ quality of life (QOL). Even though tonsillectomy is often performed for recurrent pharyngitis, there is limited evidence of the tonsillectomy benefit concerning both researcherand patient-recorded outcomes. The intent of this work was to find out if tonsillectomy reduces numbers of pharyngitis episodes or symptom days, if tonsillectomy improves patients’ QOL and if there are any clinical factors predicting QOL benefit after tonsillectomy. Seventy adult patients with recurrent streptococcal pharyngitis (2001–2005) and 86 patients with recurrent pharyngitis of any origin (2007–2010) were enrolled for two randomised controlled trials. Patients with recurrent pharyngitis of any origin were followed up either before (control group, n=40) or after (tonsillectomy group, n=46) tonsillectomy. At five months of follow-up, 17 (43%) patients in the control group and 2 (4%) patients in the tonsillectomy group consulted a physician for pharyngitis. Thirty-two (80%) patients in the control group and 18 (39%) patients in the tonsillectomy group experienced any kind of pharyngitis episode. Only one episode was considered severe. The numbers of days with throat pain and fever were significantly lower in the tonsillectomy group. QOL of 142 responders measured by Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI) six months after tonsillectomy showed improvement: median GBI total score was +27. However, GBI total scores varied considerably between the patients (range −19 to +69). Only one patient reported declined QOL. The number of prior pharyngitis episodes, frequent throat pain, untreated dental caries and chronically infected tonsils were the best clinical factors predicting QOL improvement. The precision of these predictions was still quite low. The results of this work suggest that tonsillectomy reduces numbers of acute pharyngitis episodes and symptoms. Although most of the episodes are not severe, tonsillectomy still generally improves patients’ QOL. The distribution of QOL benefit is broad, however. Throatrelated morbidity before tonsillectomy is the only clinical factor that was associated with patient satisfaction.
Comparison of M6-C and Mobi-C cervical total disc replacement for cervical degenerative disc disease in adults.

Background Cervical total disc replacement (CTDR) is complicated by adjacent segment degeneration (ASD). Since non-physiological spine kinematics after CTDR was postulated to cause ASD, M6-C prosthesis has been developed to better replicate the natural kinematics of the intervertebral disc. This retrospective cohort study aims to compare the short-term outcomes between patients receiving either the M6-C or Mobi-C prostheses. Methods Patients who had refractory radiculopathy and/or myelopathy secondary to cervical degenerative disc disease and underwent CTDR between March 2004 and April 2017 were included. All CTDRs were performed by a single surgeon at a single institution. Self-reported clinical outcomes and radiological parameters were evaluated at baseline and final follow-up between March 2004 and April 2018. Results Sixty-two patients with greater than 1-year follow-up or who developed HO within 12 months of surgery, were included in the study. The mean radiological follow-up was 29.0 months (3-84 months), which includes 7 patients with less than 12 months follow-up who also developed HO. The changes in clinical and radiological measures were comparable between M6-C and Mobi-C prostheses. Thirty-seven out of 52 spinal segments (71.2%) and 10 out of 16 spinal segments (62.5%) developed HO in M6-C and Mobi-C group respectively. There was no significant difference in the rate of HO between the two groups. Conclusions No short-term differences were found in clinical or radiological outcomes between patients who received either the M6-C or Mobi-C prosthesis. Further randomized trials with a long-term follow-up period are warranted to determine the safety and efficacy of M6-C prosthesis.
Improving Adherence: Use of Relapse Prevention Instructions in Clinical Nutrition Programs

The possibility that faulty expectations about success and relapse recovery contributed to poor adherence was examined in this study. Support for such an expectancy model was sought through comparing an index of relative task magnitude to adherence rates. Instructions designed to improve adherence through changing expectations about relapse and relapse recovery were also administered to 46 clients in two clinical nutritional programs. Their adherence rates <in days) were compared to the rates obtained from the records of 64 other clients who did not receive the instructions. To further understand the adherence phenomenon, several other measures were obtained from the treatment subjects. These data were compared to adherence rates in an attempt to identify potential co-variate relationships. Statistical procedures including analysis of variance to determine comparability of subject groups, Pearson Product Moment correlations, t tests of the difference between means, and the Lawshe—Baker Nomograph comparing per cent adherence rates were performed on the data. Obtained results did not support the predicted relationship between relative task magnitude and adherence. This may have been due to differences between subjective assessments of task magnitude and the objective measure used in this study. Although improvement in adherence was noted in both treatment groups, statistical significance was achieved only in the university based clinic. Differences in the settings, assisting nutritionists, and participating subjects could have produced these findings. However, because improvement did occur in both settings, and because the techniques may be easily and inexpensively utilized by clinical nutritionists, these instructions were recommended for inclusion as a routine component of nutritional clinic procedures. No strong co-variate relationships were found between adherence and the additional measures included in the study. The only variables which correlated with adherence more than trivially, emotional response to a verbal food stimulus, and imaging ability, did lend support for this cognitively active method of improving adherence.