Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Dynamic Gait Index in Children: A Pilot Study

Purpose: We investigated the feasibility and construct validity of the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) in children and explored interrater and test-retest reliability. Methods: DGI performance of 10 children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), aged 8 to 15 years, was compared with that of 10 age- and sex-matched children with typical development (TD). Interrater reliability was evaluated for 16 children (10 TD, 6 FASD); 11 children returned for a retest (5 TD, 6 FASD). Results: The DGI is simple for raters to learn and easy to administer in children. A Mann-Whitney U test identified a significant difference on the DGI total score between children with FASD and TD (P = .01). Interrater and test-retest reliability were promising but need to be further explored. Conclusions: The DGI was feasible and valid in a population of children aged 8 to 15 years with FASD and TD. Some modifications are suggested for administration of the DGI in children.
NUMERICAL DOSIMETRY ELF: ACCURACY OF THE METHOD, VARIABILITY OF MODELS AND PARAMETERS, AND THE IMPLICATION FOR QUANTIFYING GUIDELINES

In situ electric fields and current densities are investigated by numerical simulations for exposure to ELF electric and magnetic fields. Computations are based on the finite-difference time-domain method (FDTD). The computational uncertainty is determined by comparison of analytical and numerical results and amounts to a worst-case expanded uncertainty (95% confidence interval) of ±9.89 dB for both dosimetric quantities (E, J). Detailed investigations based on the Visible Human body model with a resolution of 2 mm show a strong influence of the tissue boundaries on the simulation results, which is caused by the numerical method. For the tissue specific in situ electric field and current density changes in excess of 10 dB are observed when comparing the results with and without evaluation of the dosimetric quantities at tissue boundaries. Moderate sensitivities with respect to tissue boundaries are observed only for low conductivity tissues when evaluating the in situ electric field whereas this behavior is observed for high conductivity tissues when evaluating the current density. For exposure to a 50 Hz magnetic field corresponding to the ICNIRP reference level, the simulated current density for central nervous system (CNS) tissue is in compliance with the ICNIRP guidelines. Exposure to a 50 Hz electric field may exceed the ICNIRP basic restriction for CNS tissue at least in a worst-case scenario (grounded human body, vertical electric field, tissue boundaries included for the evaluation of the current density). The in situ electric field is the more stable dosimetric quantity with respect to changes of the tissue conductivity of the Visible Human body model. The maximum conductivity sensitivity coefficient amounts to +122% for the current density whereas the maximum sensitivity coefficient for the in situ electric field is −20%. For electric field exposure the in situ electric field remains comparable (−6% to −4%), the averaged current density change ranges from −57% to −16% for the tissues under investigation. Magnetic field exposure of a scaled model of a five year old child leads to a decrease of the dosimetric quantities (J: −74% to −45%, E: −42% to −23%) compared to the Visible Human results.
The relationship between early age of onset of initial substance use and engaging in multiple health risk behaviors among young adolescents.

BACKGROUND Previous research based on problem-behavior theory has found that early age of onset of substance use is associated with engaging in multiple health risk behaviors among high school students. It is unknown whether these relationships begin during early adolescence. OBJECTIVE To examine the relationships between early age of onset of cigarette, alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine use and engaging in multiple risk behaviors among middle school students. METHODS A modified version of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Youth Risk Behavior Survey was administered to 2227 sixth through eighth grade students attending 53 randomly selected middle schools in North Carolina. A Health Risk Behavior Scale was constructed from 16 behaviors, including indicators of violence and weapon carrying; current substance use; nonuse of helmets when biking, in-line skating or skateboarding; not wearing a seat belt; riding with a driver who had been drinking; and suicide plans. Among this sample of middle school students, the scale had a mean (SD) of 4.1 (2.7) (range=O-15), and had a high internal reliability coefficient (alpha(=0.74). The independent variables included first time use of cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine at age 11 years or earlier; actual age of onset of each substance; race and ethnicity; family composition; sex; school grade; academic ranking; and older age for school grade. These data were analyzed with analysis of variance, Spearman r, and multiple linear regression. RESULTS All the independent variables were found to be associated (P<.005) with the Health Risk Behavior Scale during the bivariate analyses. When each of these significant variables were entered into a multiple regression model, having smoked at age 11 years or younger accounted for 21.9% of the variation in the Health Risk Behavior Scale. Male sex, early marijuana or cocaine use, older age, lower academic rank, white race, and living in a 1-parent family explained an additional 19.1% of variation in the model (adjusted R2=0.41, P<.001). When the actual ages of onset of the use of substances were analyzed, in order of magnitude; age of onset of smoking; male sex; age of onset of alcohol and marijuana use; age; lower academic ranking; age of onset of cocaine use; white race; and lower academic rating accounted for 52.8% (P<.001) of the variation in the Health Risk Behavior Scale. CONCLUSION Even when considering sociodemographic factors, early age of onset of cigarette use was the strongest correlate of the number of health risk behaviors in which these young adolescents had engaged. Early onset of use of other substances was also associated with a clustering of health risk behaviors among this sample of middle school students. The findings suggest that screening for early experimentation with tobacco and other substance use will help identify young adolescents at increased risk for engaging in multiple health risk behaviors.
General Scheme of Region Competition Based on Scale Space

We propose a general scheme of region competition (GSRC) for image segmentation based on scale space. First, we present a novel classification algorithm to cluster the image feature data according to the generally defined peaks under a certain scale and a scale space-based classification scheme to classify the pixels by grouping the resultant feature data clusters into several classes with a standard classification algorithm. Next, to reduce the resultant segmentation error, we develop a nonparametric probability model from which the functional for GSRC is derived. We also design a general and formal approach to automatically determine the initial regions. Finally, we propose the kernel procedure of GSRC which segments an image by minimizing the functional. The strategy adopted by GSRC is first to label pixels whose corresponding regions can be determined in large likelihood, and then to fine-tune the final regions with the help of the nonparametric probability model, boundary smoothing, and region competition. Although the description of the scheme is nonparametric in this paper, GSRC can also work parametrically if all nonparametric procedures in this paper are substituted with the parametric counterparts.
Comparing Data Science Project Management Methodologies via a Controlled Experiment

Data Science is an emerging field with a significant research focus on improving the techniques available to analyze data. However, there has been much less focus on how people should work together on a data science project. In this paper, we report on the results of an experiment comparing four different methodologies to manage and coordinate a data science project. We first introduce a model to compare different project management methodologies and then report on the results of our experiment. The results from our experiment demonstrate that there are significant differences based on the methodology used, with an Agile Kanban methodology being the most effective and surprisingly, an Agile Scrum methodology being the least effective.
Porphyromonas gingivalis FDC381 multiplies and persists within human oral epithelial cells in vitro

Porphyromonas gingivalis FDC381 replication and persistence within KB epithelial cells in vitro were studied by means of an antibiotic protection assay and electron microscopy. Intracellular counts decreased during the first 24 h; showed a threefold increase during the second day, indicating intracellular multiplication; and after 8 days declined to levels approximating 40% of the initial invasion. The ability of P. gingivalis to persist and multiply within epithelial cells may constitute a pathogenic mechanism in periodontal disease.
Analysis of the function of Escherichia coli poly(A) polymerase I in RNA metabolism

To help understand the role of polyadenylation in Escherichia coli RNA metabolism, we constructed an IPTG‐inducible pcnB [poly(A) polymerase I, PAP I] containing plasmid that permitted us to vary poly(A) levels without affecting cell growth or viability. Increased polyadenylation led to a decrease in the half‐life of total pulse‐labelled RNA along with decreased half‐lives of the rpsO, trxA, lpp and ompA transcripts. In contrast, the transcripts for rne (RNase E) and pnp (polynucleotide phosphorylase, PNPase), enzymes involved in mRNA decay, were stabilized. rnb (RNase II) and rnc (RNase III) transcript levels were unaffected in the presence of increased polyadenylation. Long‐term overproduction of PAP I led to slower growth and irreversible cell death. Differential display analysis showed that new RNA species were being polyadenylated after PAP I induction, including the mature 3′‐terminus of 23S rRNA, a site that was not tailed in wild‐type cells. Quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) demonstrated an almost 20‐fold variation in the level of polyadenylation among three different transcripts and that PAP I accounted for between 94% and 98.6% of their poly(A) tails. Cloning and sequencing of cDNAs derived from lpp, 23S and 16S rRNA revealed that, during exponential growth, C and U residues were polymerized into poly(A) tails in a transcript‐dependent manner.
Influence of cavities on the dielectric properties of Ethylene Propylene Rubber insulation

Cavities are one of the typical defects leading to the degradation of Ethylene Propylene Rubber (EPR) insulation in extruded power cables. It had been observed by previous experiments that ageing phenomena on the surface of dielectric bounded cavities (DBC) and electrode bounded cavities embedded in EPR insulation was different. The surface of DBC is corroded by partial discharges (PD) which leads to the decrease of surface conductivity. To describe this phenomena, it is essential to analyse the dielectric properties of EPR insulation. So this paper is concerned on the investigation of EPR dielectric behavior which involves permittivity and dissipation factor in frequency domain (0.01 Hz ~ 1 MHz). It has been found by the experiments that the dielectric loss of pure samples are increased with the increase of temperature in low frequency region. The real permittivity of pure EPR have the temperature dependence only in lower frequency region. The real parts of complex permittivity of samples with DBC and EBC is larger than that of EPR without cavities. Moreover, the dielectric loss of samples with DBC is more sensitive to frequency in low frequency region. Thus, the study of dielectric properties is effective for assessment of EPR insulation caused by cavities. The corrosion can be observed on the surface of DBC aging under AC voltage.
DC field distribution in HVDC transformer considering the effects of space charge and temperature due to presence of oil immersed pressboard

HVDC transformers are one of the main components for long distance transmission, for which many investigations have been done all over the world in order to increase their efficiency and reliability. Regarding their insulation, oil immersed pressboards are widely used, representing one of the most important elements playing a role in transformer behaviors. Under DC operation, space charges accumulating between the oil and pressboard have been reported as the influential cause possibly giving rise to unexpected service failures under the transient voltage from the grid. However, it might be possible to presume that the accumulation of space charge could be facilitated inside the multilayered pressboard causing insulation breakdown in a different way. In addition, other parameters could be potential issues to investigate: non homogeneous temperature distribution along the oil circulation path and the DC field intensity. The former could explain the conductivity variation causing the non-uniform DC field distribution, while the latter plays a role in the variation of conductivity. With these in mind, three parameters have mainly been put under experimental investigation. For this purpose, a DC voltage is applied to the oil immersed pressboard, and then the polarization and leakage current are measured and analyzed. The mobility of the space charge is calculated from the former as a function of the number of layers, while the conductivity is obtained from the latter.
A hybrid constrained semi-supervised clustering algorithm

A hybrid constrained semi-supervised clustering algorithm(HCC) is proposed, both labeled data and pairwise constraints are concerned in clustering a given dataset to get a better clustering result. This paper gives theoretical derivation and experiments on UCI data sets, and the experiments show that the quality of clustering using two kinds of constraint information is better than only one kind of labeled data information. Additionally, HCC is more stable than other algorithms such as CCL and SAP.
Intracellular traffic of the lysine and glutamic acid rich protein KERP1 reveals features of endomembrane organization in Entamoeba histolytica

The development of amoebiasis is influenced by the expression of the lysine and glutamic acid rich protein 1 (KERP1), a virulence factor involved in Entamoeba histolytica adherence to human cells. Up to date, it is unknown how the protein transits the parasite cytoplasm towards the plasma membrane, specially because this organism lacks a well‐defined endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus. In this work we demonstrate that KERP1 is present at the cell surface and in intracellular vesicles which traffic in a pathway that is independent of the ER–Golgi anterograde transport. The intracellular displacement of vesicles enriched in KERP1 relies on the actin‐rich cytoskeleton activities. KERP1 is also present in externalized vesicles deposited on the surface of human cells. We further report the interactome of KERP1 with its association to endomembrane components and lipids. The model for KERP1 traffic here proposed hints for the first time elements of the endocytic and exocytic paths of E. histolytica.
Optimale Steuerung redundanter Roboter auf Mannigfaltigkeiten - Strukturanalyse und numerische Realisierung

In der Arbeit werden Optimlasteuerungsprobleme fur Roboterbewegungen auf Mannigfaltigkeiten untersucht. Eine besondere Herausforderung stellen dabei zeitoptimale Bewegungsablaufe redundanter Roboter unter Berucksichtigung von Steuer- und Zustandsbeschrankungen dar. Durch die Kombination von neuen Transformationstechniken und rekursiven Modellierungsmethoden mit leistungsfahigen Algorithmen wird eine numerische Behandlung dieses hochkomplizierten Problems erstmals moglich. Am Beispiel eines vierachsigen Roboters wird die numerische Umsetzung uber einen indirekten Ansatz fur zeit- und energieoptimale Trajektorien demonstriert. Dabei werden fur diese Problemklasse erstmals auch Zustandsbeschrankungen exakt berucksichtigt.
Moving Psychopathology Forward

Vaidyanathan et al. (this issue) offer provocative proposals for the striking lack of progress, after decades of basic and clinical research, in understanding the etiology of psychopathology. They engage a number of prominent issues. They do not (and need not) take a stand regarding the relative merits of DSM 5’s categorical premise and its almost exclusively psychological characterization of the manifestations of psychopathology vs. the merits of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative of the National Institute of Mental Health, with its embrace of dimensional conceptualizations of contributors to psychopathology and of biological phenomena as playing a critical role in understanding psychopathology. Six years after its announcement in 2009, RDoC is gaining traction but is subject to widespread misunderstanding in several critical ways. First, although it champions dimensional conceptualizations of psychopathology, it does not preclude traditional categorical conceptualizations. Second, the widely distributed RDoC matrix does not represent the final set of concepts RDoC seeks. The current matrix is merely a “draft” (http://www.nimh.nih.gov/research-priorities/rdoc/nimh-research-domain-criteria-rdoc.shtml#toc_matrix), an illustrative example, and is designed to be fully extensible as the literature merits. Third, RDoC is not bad news for psychological concepts or for established methods of studying psychopathology. On the contrary, RDoC offers an explicit, systematic antidote to the naive reductionism fostered by the Decades of the Brain that began in 1990 (Miller, 1996, 2010; Miller & Rockstroh, 2013). This is clear from examination of the rows of the proposed matrix, nearly all of which are psychological phenomena. Such dominance of psychology in the RDoC matrix reflects the definitional fact that psychopathology is a set of psychological phenomena, not a set of “brain diseases” as became fashionable to claim in the first Decade of the Brain (e.g., Hyman, 1998; Leshner, 1997). Fourth, in the nomological network, among its columns RDoC positions psychological measurements at the same logical level as biological measurements. Notably, in RDoC, psychological events are not assumed to be reducible to biological events, nor do biological events “underlie” psychological events. Psychological and biological symptoms are not merely at different “levels of analysis”. They are qualitatively different phenomena. Psychological and biological events are coincident (reflecting “contingent identity”), the psychological phenomena are not reducible to or logically the same as the biological phenomena (“necessary identity”, Fodor, 1968; Kozak & Miller, 1982; Miller & Kozak, 1993). RDoC is often characterized as a radical departure from the longstanding dominance of categorical assumptions about psychopathology, and it is, though it merely makes space for dimensional models alongside categorical models. More fundamentally radical is its resuscitation of psychology as an equal partner in the clinical science of psychopathology.
The effects of alcohol and expectancies on risk perception and behavioral skills relevant to safer sex among heterosexual young adult women.

OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to test the hypotheses that acute alcohol intoxication and alcohol-rated sex expectancies are negatively related to both risk perception (a motivational factor) and ability to negotiate safer sex (a behavioral skills factor) with a partner. Motivation and behavioral skills are determinants of safer sex according to the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) model. METHOD A total of 102 heterosexual females ages 21-30 years participated in two sessions. The first session involved the administration of various measures to confirm eligibility status, and random assignment to one of three beverage conditions: "water control:" "alcohol" (0.65 g alcohol/kg body weight) or "placebo:" The second session involved administration of the beverage and then completion of a risk perception measure and an audiovisual role-play measure of behavioral skills. RESULTS Regression analyses showed that alcohol expectancies and the perception of intoxication contributed independent variance to both risk perception and behavioral skills. Actual alcohol intoxication had little influence on these dependent variables. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol expectancies and related factors can be related to variables that theoretically precede the occurrence of risky sex. Research is needed on the processes through which expectancies might be related to the occurrence of safer sex, as well as on person and situation variables that moderate the effects of alcohol and alcohol expectancies on safer sex.
Epidemiology , and Control of Heterobasidion Species Worldwide

Heterobasidion annosum sensu lato is a species complex comprising five species that are widely distributed in coniferous forests of the Northern Hemisphere and are each characterized by a distinct host preference. More than 1,700 papers have been published on these fungi in the past four decades, making them perhaps the most widely studied forest fungi. Heterobasidion species are at different levels on the saprotrophnecrotroph gradient, and the same individual can switch from one mode to the other. This offers a unique opportunity to study how genomic structure, gene expression, and genetic trade-offs may all interact with environmental factors to determine the life mode of the organism. The abilities of Heterobasidion spp. to infect stumps as saprotrophs and to spread to neighboring trees as pathogens have resulted in significant damages to timber production in managed forests. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the biology, ecology, evolution, and management of these species and is based on classical and modern studies. 39 A nn u. R ev . P hy to pa th ol . 2 01 3. 51 :3 959 . D ow nl oa de d fr om w w w . a nn ua lr ev ie w s. or g by U ni ve rs ity o f C al if or ni a B er ke le y on 0 9/ 17 /1 3. F or p er so na l u se o nl y. PY51CH03-Gabelotto ARI 10 July 2013 8:2
Design of Inductor Winding Capacitance Cancellation for EMI Suppression

In this paper, the parasitics in both differential-mode (DM) and common-mode (CM) inductors are first discussed. The methods for both DM and CM inductor winding capacitance cancellation are then proposed. Prototypes are designed and tested, using a network analyzer. Finally, the prototypes are applied to practical power converters and electromagnetic interference (EMI) is measured. Both small signal measurement and practical EMI measurement prove that the proposed methods can efficiently reduce the effects of winding capacitance and therefore improve the inductor's filtering performance