Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Handling conflicts in uncertain ontologies using deductive argumentation

Ontologies can represent knowledge in a structured and formally well-understood way, which is crucial for information sharing. However, in practice, it is often difficult to have an error-free ontology. Conflicts can occur due to modeling errors or ontology merging and evolution. Moreover, uncertainty can happen because of modeling choices or the lack of confidence for a constructed ontology. Argumentation frameworks for knowledge bases reasoning and management have received extensive interests in the field of Artificial Intelligence in recent years. In this paper, we propose a unified framework to handle conflicts in uncertain ontologies with the use of deductive argumentation. Different from existing approaches, we introduce a stronger notion of conflict that covers both inconsistency and incoherence, where the latter is a special contradiction that can occur in an ontology. The unified approach spreads uncertainty degrees throughout argumentation trees and the enriched argument structure leads us to two novel inference relations. We then present a method to compute (counter)-arguments as well as argumentation trees in the context of uncertain ontologies based on the developments of three notions called minimal conflicting subontologies, maximal nonconflicting subontologies, and prudent justifications.
Frontiers in pulmonary hypertension in infants and children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is an increasingly recognized complication of premature birth and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Extreme phenotypic variability exists among preterm infants of similar gestational ages, making it difficult to predict which infants are at increased risk for developing PH. Intrauterine growth retardation or drug exposures, postnatal therapy with prolonged positive pressure ventilation, cardiovascular shunts, poor postnatal lung and somatic growth, and genetic or epigenetic factors may all contribute to the development of PH in preterm infants with BPD. In addition to the variability of severity of PH, there is also qualitative variability seen in PH, such as the variable responses to vasoactive medications.
The potential role and limitations of echocardiography in acute respiratory distress syndrome

Bedside use of Doppler echocardiography is being featured as a promising, clinically useful tool in assessing the pulmonary circulation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The present review is aimed at summarizing the available evidence obtained with echocardiography on right ventricle (RV) function and pulmonary circulation in ARDS and to highlight the potential of this technique in clinical practice (only articles in English language were considered). According to the available evidence on echocardiographic findings, the following conclusions can be drawn: (a) echocardiography (transthoracic and transesophageal) has a growing role in the management ARDS patients mainly because of the strict interactions between the lung (and ventilation) and the RV and pulmonary circulation; (b) there may be a continuum of alterations in RV size and function and pulmonary circulation which may end in the development of acute cor pulmonale, probably paralleling ARDS disease severity; and (c) the detection of acute cor pulmonale should prompt intensivists to tailor their ventilatory strategy to the individual patient depending on the echocardiography findings. Bearing in mind the clinical role and growing importance of echocardiography in ARDS and the available evidence on this topic, we present a flow chart including the parameters to be measured and the timing of echo exams in ARDS patients. Despite the important progress that echocardiography has gained in the evaluation of patients with ARDS, several open questions remain and echocardiography still appears to be underused in these patients. A more systematic use of echocardiography (mainly through shared protocols) in ARDS could help intensivists to tailor the optimal treatment in individual patients as well as highlighting the limits and potential of this methodology in patients with ALI.
Resistive switching effects in nanomaterials based memristors

Presented research results aim to provide contribution in deeper understanding of physical mechanisms which drives resistive switching effect in memristors, the fourth fundamental element introduced in electronic circuit theory. Here, we report testing results for three classes of memristors: valence change memories, ferroelectric and mulitferroic memristors. The objective of the testing was to reveal electrical and structural properties and to identify different transport effects within the devices. Analyzed components can be used in novel computing paradigms such as neuromorphic and bioinspired computation, bioelectronics and non-volatile memories.
Efficiency of ultrasound and water capsule-guided local injection of botulinum toxin type A treatment on patients with facial spasm.

OBJECTIVE To study the efficacy of ultrasound and water capsule-guided local injection of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) treatment on patients with facial spasm. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred and fifty-seven cases of facial spasm were randomly divided into oral drug treatment group (group A) (78 cases) and ultrasound and water capsule-guided local injection of botulinum toxin type A treatment group (group B) (79 cases). Cohen, Acbert spasm strength grade scores in each case with facial spasm were recorded. Therapeutic effect, duration, significant efficiency, and muscle spasm strength were compared before and three after treatment. RESULTS The muscle spasm strength showed no significant change in group A after the treatment. However, the muscle spasm strength was decreased significantly in group B after treatment (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Ultrasound and water capsule-guided local injection of botulinum toxin type A treatment is a safe, effective, and simple treatment for patients with facial spasm.
Enhancing multiple disulfide bonded protein folding in a cell‐free system

A recombinant plasminogen activator (PA) protein with nine disulfide bonds was expressed in our cell‐free protein synthesis system. Due to the unstable and reducing environment in the initial E. coli‐based cell‐free system, disulfide bonds could not be formed efficiently. By treating the cell extract with iodoacetamide and utilizing a mixture of oxidized and reduced glutathione, a stabilized redox potential was optimized. Addition of DsbC, replacing polyethylene glycol with spermidine and putrescine to create a more natural environment, adding Skp, an E. coli periplasmic chaperone, and expressing PA at 30°C increased the solubility of the protein product as well as the yield of active PA. Taken together, the modifications enabled the production of more than 60 μg/mL of bioactive PA in a simple 3‐h batch reaction. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hints on Child Training

Clay Trumbull's Hints on Child Training is one of the BEST books I have ever read on how to raise children. I have shared this book with friends who are currently raising children and they gave very positive reviews. I also had my class in the Seminary on spirituality read Trumbull's Hints on Child Training and they said it was wonderful. One student, in fact, said he never read such books so his wife began reading it and convinced him to also read it. As a result, he said his view of raising his children completely changed. Clay Trumbull is amazingly practical and you will find yourself agreeing and wondering why you hadn't already read the admonitions somewhere else. I was fortunate to find an original copy of the book which will allow me to slowly add the rest of the chapters of this wonderful book. This is the fifth chapter of his book. God bless in your reading!
Simulation Study of FIBL in Ge MOSFETs with High-k Gate Dielectrics

The effect of fringe induced barrier lowering (FIBL) in Ge MOSFETs with high-k gate dielectrics is simulated with comparison to those of Si counterparts. It is observed that both Ge and Si devices undergo FIBL, which is dependent on gate length and permittivity of gate dielectrics. Germanium MOSFETs show less vulnerable FIBL effects than silicon counterparts in terms of DIBL and sub-threshold swing due to a higher permittivity in Ge. It is concluded that although FIBL cannot be eliminated, it will not be an issue if the gate relative permittivity used is small.
Removal of Indoor Volatile Organic Compounds and 2 Formaldehyde via Photocatalytic Oxidation : A Short Review and 3 Prospect

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and formaldehyde are ubiquitous in indoor environment. 16 Inhalation of VOCs can cause irritations, difficulty breathing, and nausea, and damage the central 17 nervous system as well as other organs. Formaldehyde is even a carcinogen. Removal of VOCs and 18 formaldehyde is thus critical to control indoor air quality (IAQ). Photocatalytic oxidation has been 19 demonstrated its feasibility to remove toxic VOCs and formaldehyde from indoor environment. The 20 technique is highly-chemical stable, inexpensive, poisonless, and capable of removing a wide varsity 21 of organics under light irradiation. In this paper, we review and summarize the traditional air cleaning 22 methods and current photocatalytic oxidation approaches in both of VOCs and formaldehyde 23 degradation in indoor environment. Influencing factors such as temperature, relative humidity, 24 deactivation and reactivations of the photocatalyst are discussed. Aspects on the application of the 25 photocatalytic technique to improve the IAQ are suggested. 26
The Nordic Welfare State in Finland

Historical overviews of the development of the welfare state tend to be fixated on various forms of reductionism. Two variants merit particular attention here. The older, functionalistic one derives social reforms and regulations from the needs or problems of industrial modernization, and is tightly committed to modernization as the horizon of expectation. The newer variant also associates the welfare state with modernization, but takes a critical distance from this framework by discussing the welfare state as a “project” of modernity, often pointing out the confidence in scientific social knowledge and rationalization as a basic characteristic of this project. Both approaches result in linear images of continuity. True, the latter variant questions the present and future continuity of this project, yet through the very emphasis on a current epochal transition, a linear image of the past tends to be accentuated. Finland seems to be a good case for criticizing these two types of reductionism in historical welfare state overviews. In a particular fashion, both of them have been actualized, as Finland has been assessed as a “Nordic welfare state”, or, to be more exact, as an (or the) exception among the Nordic welfare states. Apparently, it has been easy to find evidence of Finland being the Nordic latecomer in welfare state development as well as to give plausible explanations for this phenomenon. An easy explanation has followed the functionalistic line, referring to the fact that in Finland, even in intra-Nordic comparison, industrial take-off occurred late and the social structure long remained predominantly agrarian and rural. Another line of argumentation has focused on showing that the welfare state as a project has been politically and ideologically weaker in Finland than, especially, in Sweden, owing to particular features of the Finnish political
ELMOD2 Is an Arl2 GTPase-activating Protein That Also Acts on Arfs*

Regulatory GTPases in the Ras superfamily employ a cycle of alternating GTP binding and hydrolysis, controlled by guanine nucleotide exchange factors and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), as essential features of their actions in cells. Studies of these GAPs and guanine nucleotide exchange factors have provided important insights into our understanding of GTPase signaling and biology. Within the Ras superfamily, the Arf family is composed of 30 members in mammals, including 22 Arf-like (Arl) proteins. Much less is known about the mechanisms of cell regulation by Arls than by Arfs. We report the purification from bovine testis of an Arl2 GAP and its identity as ELMOD2, a protein with no previously described function. ELMOD2 is one of six human proteins that contain an ELMO domain, and a second member, ELMOD1, was also found to have Arl2 GAP activity. Surprisingly, ELMOD2 also exhibited GAP activity against Arf proteins even though it does not contain the canonical Arf GAP sequence signature. The broader specificity of ELMOD2, as well as the previously described role for ELMO1 and ELMO2 in linking Arf6 and Rac1 signaling, suggests that ELMO family members may play a more general role in integrating signaling pathways controlled by Arls and other GTPases.
Being There: The Subjective Experience of Presence

What do you feel when you enter a virtual world? What creates the experience of presence? What factors contribute to making you feel like you are there1? This paper offers a subjective explanation of presence in which the yardstick to measure presence is applied not to assessing how closely a virtual world mimics real world sensations, but instead to analyzing the kinds of evidence a virtual experience provides to participants that help convince them they are there. Sensory realism is subsumed within this broader perspective, as one of the means that contributes to the experience of presence. The effectiveness of the illusion of presence created by a virtual world can be partially assessed by studying visitors to virtual worlds' subjective experience ofhow much they feel like they are there and what makes them feel that way. This goes beyond traditional objective concerns such as comparing output device characteristics to data on what the average human eye can perceive.
Spousal-Residence Separation among Chinese Young Couples

Spousal-residence separation has become a serious social problem in China since the Cultural Revolution. Apart from housing shortages, the government's migration control, through the restriction on urban-household registration, is a main contributor to the separation. Based on the microdata of the 1987 National Population Survey, we find that the variation in spousal-residence separations among Chinese young couples in the mid-1980s is well explained by personal and household factors within a multivariate model. The separations were aggravated by migrations for the reasons of employment or education. Although marriage migrations reduced the number of separations, those who had been married for a short period of time (particularly newlyweds) were more prone to be separated. It is ironic that the higher a person's level of education, the greater the tendency for them to suffer the pain of spousal-residence separation. Household status could also be a very important factor: the lower the household status of a married individual, the more likely that he (or she) would be separated from their spouse.
Simultaneous measurement of serum thrombopoietin and expression of megakaryocyte c‐Mpl with clinical and laboratory correlates for myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia

Abstract: Objectives: We sought to investigate potential mechanisms of increased serum thrombopoietin (TPO) concentrations in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM) by simultaneously measuring serum TPO, platelet and megakaryocyte (MK) numbers, and MK c‐Mpl expression. Methods: We studied 17 consecutive patients who had MMM and were not receiving therapy at the time of evaluation. Serum TPO was measured by a two‐site immunochemiluminometric assay. Immunohistochemical staining of c‐Mpl was accomplished with an immunoperoxidase method on simultaneously obtained bone marrow specimens. Results: Our findings confirmed the presence of inappropriately increased serum TPO despite mostly normal or increased peripheral platelet counts and markedly increased bone marrow MK numbers. In addition, we found an inverse correlation between platelet count and serum TPO (P < 0.03) and splenic size (P < 0.04). However, serum TPO did not correlate with either bone marrow MK number or c‐Mpl expression. The lack of correlation of serum TPO and bone marrow megakaryocyte number may be accounted for by the unavoidable inaccuracies in quantifying megakaryocytopoiesis in a disorder of known altered hematopoietic progenitor cell distribution, both intramedullary and extramedullary. The significant inverse correlation between serum TPO and spleen size suggests that this site of extramedullary megakaryocytopoiesis may assume a role in the dysfunctional TPO regulatory axis. Conclusions: These observations suggest some preservation of the negative feedback regulation that appears to be dysfunctional at the MK c‐Mpl level. Consistent with previous observations in animal models, our observations suggest the possibility that altered TPO regulation resulting in sustained ligand excess may have pathogenetic relevance in MMM.
Prognostic importance of defibrillator shocks in patients with heart failure.

BACKGROUND Patients with heart failure who receive an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) for primary prevention (i.e., prevention of a first life-threatening arrhythmic event) may later receive therapeutic shocks from the ICD. Information about long-term prognosis after ICD therapy in such patients is limited. METHODS Of 829 patients with heart failure who were randomly assigned to ICD therapy, we implanted the ICD in 811. ICD shocks that followed the onset of ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation were considered to be appropriate. All other ICD shocks were considered to be inappropriate. RESULTS Over a median follow-up period of 45.5 months, 269 patients (33.2%) received at least one ICD shock, with 128 patients receiving only appropriate shocks, 87 receiving only inappropriate shocks, and 54 receiving both types of shock. In a Cox proportional-hazards model adjusted for baseline prognostic factors, an appropriate ICD shock, as compared with no appropriate shock, was associated with a significant increase in the subsequent risk of death from all causes (hazard ratio, 5.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.97 to 8.12; P<0.001). An inappropriate ICD shock, as compared with no inappropriate shock, was also associated with a significant increase in the risk of death (hazard ratio, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.29 to 3.05; P=0.002). For patients who survived longer than 24 hours after an appropriate ICD shock, the risk of death remained elevated (hazard ratio, 2.99; 95% CI, 2.04 to 4.37; P<0.001). The most common cause of death among patients who received any ICD shock was progressive heart failure. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with heart failure in whom an ICD is implanted for primary prevention, those who receive shocks for any arrhythmia have a substantially higher risk of death than similar patients who do not receive such shocks.
The effect of the supply chain social capital

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that supply chain social capital has an effect on supply chain integration, which in turn has a significant on firm performance, and then supply chain integration mediates the relationship between supply chain social capital and firm performance.Design/methodology/approach – The authors validated their model and tested the hypotheses using the partial least squares (PLS) structural equation model (SEM). Findings – Empirical results reveal that the three dimensions of supply chain social capital – structural, relational, and cognitive – had significant effects, directly or indirectly, on supply chain integration and performance, and supply chain integration played a mediating role in the relationships between structural capital and firm performance, between relational capital and firm performance, and between cognitive capital and firm performance.Research limitations/implications – Since the survey data were collected at various industries in Korea, it is d.
A new computer program for mass screening of visual defects in preschool children

AIMS To test the effectiveness of a PC computer program for detecting vision disorders which could be used by non-trained personnel, and to determine the prevalence of visual impairment in a sample population of preschool children in the city of Beer-Sheba, Israel. METHODS 292 preschool children, aged 4–6 years, were examined in the kindergarten setting, using the computer system and “gold standard” tests. Visual acuity and stereopsis were tested and compared using Snellen type symbol charts and random dot stereograms respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and kappa test were evaluated. A computer pseudo Worth four dot test was also performed but could not be compared with the standard Worth four dot test owing to the inability of many children to count. RESULTS Agreement between computer and gold standard tests was 83% and 97.3% for visual acuity and stereopsis respectively. The sensitivity of the computer stereogram was only 50%, but it had a specificity of 98.9%, whereas the sensitivity and specificity of the visual acuity test were 81.5% and 83% respectively. The positive predictive value of both tests was about 63%. 27.7% of children tested had a visual acuity of 6/12 or less and stereopsis was absent in 28% using standard tests. Impairment of fusion was found in 5% of children using the computer pseudo Worth four dot test. CONCLUSIONS The computer program was found to be stimulating, rapid, and easy to perform. The wide availability of computers in schools and at home allow it to be used as an additional screening tool by non-trained personnel, such as teachers and parents, but it is not a replacement for standard testing.
Adolescents’ perceptions and experiences of family meals

Benefits of family meals include diet quality, social interaction and wellbeing, yet previous research indicates only one in four adolescents eats a meal with their family every day. This study identified factors relating to the frequency and importance of family meals. A focus group conducted with seven adolescents was analysed thematically. The themes and findings of past research were used to develop a Family Meals Questionnaire (FMQ), completed by 76 adolescents. Regular engagement in healthy family meals eaten around the table was reported, with the majority of participants reporting that their meals included a variety of foods and portions of vegetables. Frequency of family meals was associated with increased family togetherness for both males and females. The nutritional value of meals was found to be most important to females, whereas the impact of family meals on mood was more salient for males. Findings suggest that the views and behaviour of other family members may influence adolescents’ enjoyment and perceptions of the importance of family meals, and therefore impact on their frequency. These findings may inform the development of future interventions aimed at increasing adolescent engagement in family meals by adopting a family systems approach to improve the frequency and experience of family meals.