Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The ecology of saprophagous macroarthropods (millipedes, woodlice) in the context of global change

Millipedes (Diplopoda) and woodlice (Crustacea, Isopoda), with a total of about 15000 described species worldwide, contribute substantially to invertebrate biodiversity. These saprophagous macroarthropods, which are key regulators of plant litter decomposition, play an important role in the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems in tropical and temperate areas. Herein we review current knowledge on the effects of climate, food quality and land cover on millipede and woodlouse species to explore their potential responses to global change. Essentially similar trends are observed in the two taxa. Experiments have shown that climate warming could result in higher rates of population growth and have positive effects on the abundance of some temperate species. This is consistent with signs of northward expansion in Europe, although the mechanisms of dispersal remain unclear. The generality of this finding is evaluated in relation to the life histories and geographical distributions of species. At low latitudes, interactions with more severe droughts are likely and could affect community composition. Elevated atmospheric CO2 levels and changes in plant community composition are expected to alter leaf litter quality, a major determinant of macroarthropod fertility via the link with female adult body size. Although food quality changes have been shown to influence population growth rates significantly, it is proposed that the effects of warming will be probably more important during the coming decades. Land cover changes, mainly due to deforestation in the tropics and land abandonment in Europe, are critical to habitat specialists and could override any other effect of global change. Habitat destruction by man may be the main threat to macroarthropod species, many of which are narrow endemics. At the landscape scale, habitat heterogeneity could be a good option for conservation, even at the cost of some fragmentation. Two principal areas are identified which require further work: (i) the effects of climate change across broader geographic ranges, and on species with different ecologies and life histories; (ii) the effects of global change on both macroarthropods and their natural enemies (predators, parasites and pathogens), to improve predictions in field situations.
Draft Detention of Terrorist Suspects (Temporary Extension) Bills

You may re-use this information (not including logos) free of charge in any format or medium, under the terms of the Open Government Licence. To view this licence, visit the conclusions of her review into counter-terrorism and security powers. 2. The review concluded that the maximum period of pre-charge detention for terrorist suspects should be 14 days and that this limit should be reflected on the face of the primary legislation. In line with the recommendations of the review, it is intended to repeal the order-making provisions of the Terrorism Act 2006 which allow the maximum period of pre-charge detention under Schedule 8 to the Terrorism Act, to be set at 28 days. The clauses dealing with this repeal are contained in the Protection of Freedoms Bill, published today. 3. The review found that there may be urgent situations where more than 14 days pre-charge detention is considered necessary. The Secretary of State for the Home Department set out in her statement to the House on 26 January that such situations would be catered for by the use of emergency legislation. These two draft bills are therefore published today, both of which would have the effect of extending the maximum period of pre-charge detention to 28 days, should they be introduced and Parliament approve. One bill could be used immediately while the order-making provisions of the 2006 Act are still in force and the other once those provisions have been repealed. 4. Both draft bills will be subject to pre-legislative scrutiny. TO Provide for the temporary extension of the maximum detention period for terrorist suspects. 1 Temporary extension of maximum detention period for terrorist suspects (1) Section 25 of the Terrorism Act 2006 (which reduces the maximum detention period for terrorist suspects from 28 days to 14 days for any time to which the section applies) does not apply to any time within the period of 3 months beginning with the time at which this Act is passed. (2) Subject to subsection (3), subsection (1) applies to any person who is being detained under section 41 of the Terrorism Act 2000 at the time this Act is passed (as well as any person who is subsequently detained under that section). (3) A further extension which was granted in relation to a person by virtue of paragraph 36 of Schedule 8 to the Act of 2000 before the time at which …
In silico Prediction of Drug Induced Liver Toxicity Using Substructure Pattern Recognition Method

Drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) is a leading cause of acute liver failure in the US and less severe liver injury worldwide. It is also one of the major reasons of drug withdrawal from the market. Thus, DILI has become one of the most important concerns of drugs, and should be predicted in very early stage of drug discovery process. In this study, a comprehensive data set containing 1317 diverse compounds was collected from publications. Then, high accuracy classification models were built using five machine learning methods based on MACCS and FP4 fingerprints after evaluating by substructure pattern recognition method. The best model was built using SVM method together with FP4 fingerprint at the IG value threshold of 0.0005. Its overall predictive accuracies were 79.7 % and 64.5 % for the training and test sets, separately, which yielded overall accuracy of 75.0 % for the external validation dataset, consisting of 88 compounds collected from a benchmark DILI database – the Liver Toxicity Knowledge Base. This model could be used for drug‐induced liver toxicity prediction. Moreover, some key substructure patterns correlated with drug‐induced liver toxicity were also identified as structural alerts.
Suppression of tumorigenesis and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by shRNA interference targeting on homeoprotein Six1

We previously demonstrated that the overexpression of homeoprotein Six1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients is associated with venous infiltration, advanced pathologic tumor metastasis (pTNM) stage and poor overall survival rate (Ng et al. Br J Cancer 2006;95:1050–5). In this study, short hairpin RNA (shRNA) interference approach was used to suppress the expression of Six1 in a metastatic HCC cell line MHCC97L. Stable transfectant MHCC97L‐shSix1 carrying Six1‐specific shRNA plasmid was established to downregulate Six1 expression to about 40% when compared with MHCC97L‐Control. In vitro functional assays demonstrated that the growth rate and proliferation ability of MHCC97L‐shSix1 cells were markedly decreased. Moreover, significant decrease of cell motility and invasiveness were observed in MHCC97L‐shSix1 cells. Data from in vivo xenograft tumorigenesis model demonstrated that the size of tumor in MHCC97L‐shSix1 group was dramatically reduced. Experimental and spontaneous metastasis models indicated that targeting Six1 suppression noticeably reduced the pulmonary metastasis in MHCC97L‐shSix1 group. To identify Six1‐regulated targets, cDNA microarray was employed to compare the expression profiles of MHCC97L‐Control and MHCC97L‐shSix1 cells. Twenty‐eight downregulated and 24 upregulated genes with known functions were identified in MHCC97L‐shSix1. The functions of these target genes are involved in diverse biological activities. Our data suggest that Six1 may be involved in regulation of proliferation and invasiveness of HCC; thus targeting suppression of Six1 is a viable option for treating HCC patients.
SPECT imaging of the stomach: comparison with barostat, and effects of sex, age, body mass index, and fundoplication

Background: Impaired gastric accommodation may lead to dyspeptic symptoms. A non-invasive method using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) has been developed to measure gastric volumes. Aims and methods: Our aims were: to assess the accuracy of SPECT with three dimensional image analysis to measure balloon volumes in vitro; to compare gastric barostat balloon volumes measured post-meal and post-distension with total gastric volumes measured simultaneously with SPECT; to present normal gastric volume data for healthy adults; and to compare SPECT data in health with symptomatic post-fundoplication patients. Results: In vitro balloon volumes measured by SPECT were highly accurate (R2=0.99). When measured simultaneously by gastric barostat and SPECT, postprandial/fasting volume ratios (2.2 (0.12) (mean (SEM)) v 2.3 (0.15), respectively; p=0.6) and post-distension volume ratios (1.4 (0.1) v1.3 (0.1); p=0.2) were highly comparable. In females, postprandial gastric volumes (675 (14) v 744 (20) ml for males; p=0.004) and changes in gastric volumes (464 (14) ml v 521 (20) ml for males; p=0.01) measured by SPECT were significantly lower than in males. No effects of age or body mass index were noted. The postprandial/fasting gastric volume ratio by SPECT was lower in post-fundoplication patients (2.7 (0.2)) than in healthy controls (3.4 (0.1); p=0.003). Conclusions: SPECT provides a non-invasive estimate of the effect of a meal on total gastric volume that is comparable to changes in balloon volume observed with the gastric barostat. The SPECT technique is promising for investigation of gastric volumes in health and disease and the effects of pharmacological agents.
Human CD14 is an efficient target for recombinant immunoglobulin vaccine constructs that deliver T cell epitopes

It has been shown in the mouse that recombinant immunoglobulin (Ig) molecules with T cell epitopes inserted into the constant domain (Troybodies) can target antigen‐presenting cells (APC) for efficient delivery of T cell epitopes. Here, we have extended the Troybody concept to human applications. Moreover, we show that a receptor of innate immunity, CD14, which is a part of the lipopolysaccharide receptor complex on monocyte APC, is an efficient target. For construction of CD14‐specific Troybodies, we used rearranged variable(diversity)joining regions cloned from the 3C10 mouse B cell hybridoma. As a model T cell epitope, amino acids 40–48 of mouse Cκ, presented on human leukocyte antigen‐DR4, were inserted into a loop connecting β‐strands in CH1 of human γ3. In the presence of monocytes, CD14‐specific Troybodies were >100 times as efficient as a nontargeting control antibody (Ab) at stimulating Cκ40–48‐specific/DR4‐restricted T cells. Presentation was dependent on the conventional processing pathway for presentation on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules. Enhanced presentation of the Cκ epitope was most likely a result of increased loading of MHC class II molecules, as the CD14‐specific monoclonal Ab 3C10 did not induce maturation of the APC. The results show that CD14, a receptor of innate immunity, may be a promising target of recombinant Ig‐based vaccines for elicitation of T cell responses in humans.
Nonfasting serum glucose and the risk of fatal stroke in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. 18-year follow-up of the Oslo Study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The association between nonfasting serum glucose and stroke mortality for diabetic and nondiabetic subjects is presented for participants of the Oslo Study. METHODS The study started in 1972; of 16,209 men aged 40 to 49 years, 16,172 had no previous history of stroke and 151 were known to be diabetic. Five diabetic and 80 nondiabetic subjects died of stroke during the 18 years of follow-up, giving a rate ratio of 7.87 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.48 to 19.14). The rate of mortality for all causes in diabetic subjects was more than five times that of those who were nondiabetic. RESULTS Nonfasting serum glucose was a predictor of fatal stroke in all participants (diabetic subjects included) without a history of stroke in age-adjusted univariate analysis. The relative risk was 1.13 (CI, 1.03 to 1.25) by increase of 1 mmol/L of serum glucose according to results of proportional hazards regression analysis. Accordingly, relative risk for nondiabetic subjects was 1.02 (CI, 0.83 to 1.26) with no linear trend. The rate ratio of the fifth quintile to the rest was 1.57 (CI, 0.94 to 2.56) for all participants and 1.28 (CI, 0.72 to 2.18) for nondiabetics. CONCLUSIONS There was an interaction between glucose level and body mass index versus stroke for all participants but not for nondiabetic subjects, with an increased risk for men with above-median values of glucose and body mass index. Analysis of nondiabetic subjects failed to show glucose as a definite predictor of fatal stroke.
A Peer-to-Peer Network for Bibliographic Information Retrieval

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) computing has rapidly evolved into an effective computing paradigm for people to exchange information and share knowledge within a domain. It has been widely recognized that bibliographic information plays an increasingly important role for scientific research. This paper presents OBIRE, a P2P network for bibliographic information retrieval. To improve the accuracy of OBIRE in information retrieval, semantic web technologies are utilized. For a user query, OBIRE computes the degree of matches to indicate the similarity of a published record to the query. When searching for information, users can incorporate their domain knowledge into their queries which guides OBIRE to discover the bibliographic records that are of most interest of users. OBIRE is evaluated from the aspects of precision and recall, and experimental results show the effectiveness of OBIRE in bibliographic information retrieval.
Asymptomatic hyperparathyroidism – need for multicentre studies

Long‐term follow‐up is initially considered appropriate for the majority of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) having small increases in calcium levels (< 2·8 mmol/l) and lacking the ‘classical’ symptoms of PHPT. The supportive reasoning is that many such patients never progress to more severe biochemical or clinical disease. There are, however, arguments in favour of early surgical treatment of such patients but adequately powered studies have not been carried out in this subgroup of patients to asses the impact of PHPT on their quality of life, cardiovascular risk and bone density.
Suicide Attempters and Repeaters: Depression and Coping A Prospective Study of Early Adolescents Followed up as Young Adults

Abstract Relationships between depression and coping among nonattempters, attempters, and repeaters of suicidal acts were examined across adolescence. A representative sample of students (T1: n = 2464; mean age, 13.7 years; 50.8% female; 88.3% participation) was reassessed with the same questionnaire after 1 year (T2). High scorers on the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire were gender- and age-matched randomly with low and middle scorers. This subset was assessed using diagnostic interviews at T2 (n = 345, 94% participation) and 5 years later using the same interview and questionnaire (T3, n = 252; mean age, 20.0 years; 73% participation). The Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations measured coping as three stable traits. Coping changed partly with age, depression, and attempt status. Differences in depression emerged before coping differences and remained stable. Consistently, repeaters reported higher depression and lesser task-oriented coping. Antecedent depression predicted decreased task-oriented coping and increased emotional coping at age 20 years.
Circulating Serum 25‐Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Bone Mineral Density: Mendelian Randomization Study

There is considerable discussion of the importance for increased serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (S‐25OHD) concentration associated with adequacy for bone health. Accordingly, whether long‐term high S‐25OHD concentration in general positively affects bone mineral density (BMD) is uncertain. We used a Mendelian randomization design to determine the association between genetically increased S‐25OHD concentrations and BMD. Five single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in or near genes encoding enzymes and carrier proteins involved in vitamin D synthesis or metabolism were used as instrumental variables to genetically predict 1 standard deviation increase in S‐25OHD concentration. Summary statistics data for the associations of the S‐25OHD‐associated SNPs with dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA)‐derived femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD were obtained from the Genetic Factors for Osteoporosis (GEFOS) Consortium (32,965 individuals) and ultrasound‐derived heel estimated BMD from the UK Biobank (142,487 individuals). None of the SNPs were associated with BMD at Bonferroni‐corrected significance level, but there was a suggestive association between rs6013897 near CYP24A1 and femoral neck BMD (p = 0.01). In Mendelian randomization analysis, genetically predicted 1 standard deviation increment of S‐25OHD was not associated with higher femoral neck BMD (SD change in BMD 0.02; 95% confidence interval [CI] –0.03 to 0.07; p = 0.37), lumbar spine BMD (SD change in BMD 0.02; 95% CI –0.04 to 0.08; p = 0.49), or estimated BMD (g/cm2 change in BMD –0.03; 95% CI –0.05 to –0.01; p = 0.02). This study does not support a causal association between long‐term elevated S‐25OHD concentrations and higher BMD in generally healthy populations. These results suggest that more emphasis should be placed on the development of evidence‐based cut‐off points for vitamin D inadequacy rather than a general recommendation to increase S‐25OHD. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Association of downregulated HDAC 2 with the impaired mitochondrial function and cytokine secretion in the monocytes/macrophages from gestational diabetes mellitus patients

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases in later life, yet with underlying mechanisms unclear. The present study was to explore the association of upregulated histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC 2) with the impaired mitochondrial function and the cytokine secretion in the monocytes/macrophages from GDM patients. In this study, we examined the mitochondrial function, proinflamatory cytokine secretion and the HDAC 2 level in the serum or in the monocytes/macrophages from GDM patients, investigated the influence by HDAC 2 inhibitor, AR‐42 (N‐hydroxy‐4‐[[(2S)‐3‐methyl‐2‐phenylbutanoyl]amino]benzamide), on the mitochondrial function and cytokine secretion in the isolated GDM monocytes/macrophages. Results demonstrated an increased mitochondria size, mitochondrial superoxide and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and an undermined mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) in the GDM monocytes/macrophages. And the serum levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and IL‐6 were also markedly higher in the GDM pregnancies, while the expression and activity of HDAC 2 was downregulated. Moreover, AR‐42‐mediated HDAC 2 inhibition in vitro contributed to the impaired mitochondrial function and the proinflamatory cytokine secretion. In conclusion, this study suggests an association of the impaired mitochondrial function and the promoted proinflamatory cytokine secretion with the reduced HDAC 2 activity in GDM. These findings may present HDAC 2 as a target for GDM treatment.
Role of purine biosynthetic intermediates in response to folate stress in Escherichia coli

Folic acid plays a central role in anabolic metabolism by supplying single-carbon units at varied levels of oxidation for both nucleotide and amino acid biosyntheses. It has been proposed that 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide riboside 5'-triphosphate (ZTP), an intermediate in de novo purine biosynthesis, serves as a signal of cellular folate stress and mediates a physiologically beneficial response to folate stress in Salmonella typhimurium (B. R. Bochner, and B. N. Ames, Cell 29:929-937, 1982). We examined the physiological response of Escherichia coli to folate stress induced by the drugs psicofuranine, trimethoprim, and sodium sulfathiazole or by p-aminobenzoic acid (pABA) starvation. Analysis of nucleotide pools showed that psicofuranine or trimethoprim treatment of a prototrophic strain or growth of a pABA auxotroph on limiting pABA induced the production of the nucleotide ZTP, as previously observed in S. typhimurium by Bochner and Ames. Accumulation of ZTP and its precursor 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide riboside 5'-monophosphate (ZMP) did not correlate well with folate stress in E. coli, as measured by determination of the folate/protein ratios of extracts of treated cells. Treatment of cells with psicofuranine caused a marked accumulation of 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide ribonucleotides (Z-ribonucleotides) but a statistically insignificant drop in the folate/protein ratio of cell extracts. Sodium sulfathiazole treatment at a drug concentration that led to a threefold drop in the growth rate and in the folate/protein ratio of treated cells led to little accumulation of Z-ribonucleotides in E. coli A purF his+ strain which produces ZTP and ZMP when treated with trimethoprim was constructed. In this strain, histidine represses the synthesis of both ZMP and ZTP. Treatment of cells of this strain with trimethoprim resulted in a decrease in the folate/protein ratio of cell extracts, but a blockade of Z-ribonucleotide accumulation did not affect the extent of folate depletion seen in treated cells and had only a small effect on the resistance of this strain to growth inhibition by trimethoprim. The patterns of protein expression induced by treatment of this strain with trimethoprim or psicofuranine were examined by two-dimensional electrophoretic resolution of the total cellular proteins. No differences in protein expression were seen when the treatment were performed in media containing or lacking histidine. These studies failed to provide evidence in E. coli for a folate stress regulon controlled by ZTP.
PPAR‐β facilitating maturation of hepatic‐like tissue derived from mouse embryonic stem cells accompanied by mitochondriogenesis and membrane potential retention

Relatively little is known about mitochondria metabolism in differentiating embryonic stem (ES) cells. Present research focused on several elements of cellular energy metabolism in hepatic‐like tissue derived from mouse ES cells. We demonstrated that mitochondrial location patterns and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) existed in subsequent differentiation of the tissue. Mitochondriogenesis appeared at the early stage and kept a normal ΔΨm in differentiated mature hepatocytes. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐α (PPAR‐α) expression was transitorily increased at the beginning, and kept a relatively low level later, which accompanied by expression of PPAR‐γ coactivator (PGC)‐1α, a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis. PPAR‐β expression showed robust up‐regulation in the late differentiation course. Enhanced co‐expressions of PPAR‐β and albumin with catalysis of UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) were observed at mature stage. While PPAR‐γ expression changed little before and after differentiation. Mitochondriogenesis could be accelerated by PPAR‐α specific agonist WY14643 and abolished by its antagonist GW6471 at the early stage. Neither of them affected mitochondrial ΔΨm and albumin generation in the differentiated hepatocytes. Furthermore, maturation of hepatic‐like tissue and mitochondriogenesis in hepatocyte could be efficiently stimulated by PPAR‐β specific agonist L165041 and abolished by PPAR‐β specific antagonist GSK0660, but not affected by PPAR‐γ specific agonist GW1929. In conclusion, the derived hepatic tissue morphologically possessed cellular energy metabolism features. PPAR‐α seemed only necessary for early mitochondriogenesis, while less important for ΔΨm retention in the mature tissue derived. The stimulation of PPAR‐β but not ‐γ enhanced hepatogenesis, hepatocytes maturation, and mitochondriogenesis. PPAR‐β took an important role in cellular energy metabolism of hepatogenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 109: 498–508, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.