Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CEREBROVASCULAR EFFECTS OF OESTROGEN: MULTIPLICITY OF ACTION

1 Cerebral vessels express oestrogen receptors (ER) in both the smooth muscle and endothelial cell layers of cerebral blood vessels. Levels of ERα are higher in female rats chronically exposed to oestrogen, either endogenous or exogenous. 2 Chronic exposure to oestrogen, either endogenous (normally cycling females) or exogenous (ovariectomized with oestrogen replacement), results in cerebral arteries that are more dilated than arteries from ovariectomized counterparts when studied in vitro. This effect is primarily mediated by an increase in the production of vasodilator factors, including nitric oxide (NO) and prostacylin. In contrast, oestrogen appears to suppress the production of endothelial‐derived hyperpolarizing factor. Oestrogen treatment increases cerebrovascular levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), cyclo‐oxygenase (COX)‐1 and prostacyclin synthase. In addition, via activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/Akt pathway, both acute and chronic oestrogen exposure increases eNOS phosphorylation, increasing NO production. 3 Oestrogen receptors have also been localized to cerebrovascular mitochondria and exposure to oestrogen increases the efficiency of energy production while simultaneously reducing mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species. Oestrogen increases the production of mitochondrial proteins encoded by both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, including cytochrome c, subunits I and IV of complex IV and Mn‐superoxide dismutase. Oestrogen treatment increases the activity of citrate synthase and complex IV and decreases mitochondrial production of H2O2. 4 Oestrogen also has potent anti‐inflammatory effects in the cerebral circulation that may have important implications for the incidence and severity of cerebrovascular disease. Administration of lipopolysaccharide or interleukin‐1β to ovariectomized female rats induces cerebrovascular COX‐2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression and increases prostaglandin E2 expression. Levels of COX‐2 and iNOS expression vary with the stage of the oestrous cycle, and the cerebrovascular inflammatory response is suppressed in ovariectomized animals treated with oestrogen. Interleukin‐1β induction of COX‐2 protein is prevented by treatment with a nuclear factor (NF)‐κB inhibitor, and oestrogen treatment reduces cerebrovascular NF‐κB activity. 5 Cerebrovascular dysfunction and pathology contribute to the pathogenesis of stroke, brain trauma, oedema and dementias, such as Alzheimer's disease. A better understanding of the action of oestrogen on cerebrovascular function holds promise for the development of new therapeutic entities that could be useful in preventing or treating a wide variety of cerebrovascular diseases.
Equitable list‐coloring for graphs of maximum degree 3

Given lists of available colors assigned to the vertices of a graph G, a list coloring is a proper coloring of G such that the color on each vertex is chosen from its list. If the lists all have size k, then a list coloring is equitable if each color appears on at most ⌈|V(G)|/k⌉ vertices. A graph is equitably k‐choosable if such a coloring exists whenever the lists all have size k. Kostochka, Pelsmajer, and West introduced this notion and conjectured that G is equitably k‐choosable for k > Δ (G). We prove this for Δ(G) = 3. We also show that every graph G is equitably k‐choosable for k ≥ Δ(G)(Δ(G)−1)/2 + 2. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 47: 1–8, 2004
A schema for ontology-based concept definition and identification

From the cognitive point of view, web documents consist of a list of concepts instead of terms (words or phrases). Therefore, identifying concepts will provide better results in retrieving useful information from the web. However, web documents are composed of text containing terms and concepts are included implicitly. In order to 'find' concepts in a text, we need their definitions and a method for their recognition. In this paper, we propose a novel adaptive assignment of term importance (AATI) schema. This schema is an ontology-based approach for defining and identifying concepts. It includes definitions of relations between terms and concepts, and an iterative algorithm for determining importance of terms. AATI continuously updates importance of terms with 'unknown' web documents, which makes it appropriate for web applications.
Clinical observations on hospitalized patients with virologically confirmed dengue hemorrhagic fever in Jakarta, Indonesia 1975-1983.

From 1975 to 1983, we clinically studied 1,451 serologically confirmed cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever in Jakarta, Indonesia. Of these cases, 142 were virologically confirmed. Considering these 142 cases, dengue type 3 was the predominant virus type isolated, but all 4 dengue virus serotypes were found. Dengue type 3 was the serotype most frequently associated with severe infections. Whereas 67 (47%) of the 142 patients had a dengue type 3 infection, this serotype was associated with 27 of the 34 fatal cases (79%). Dengue type 3 was found in 42 of the 75 cases with shock (56%), 31 of the 42 cases with encephalopathy (74%), and 19 of the 30 cases with gastrointestinal bleeding (63%).
Microwave image understanding and its applications to various imaging schemes

Three methods of producing microwave images of rotating objects are reviewed and correlated. These are range Doppler processing, coherent tomographic imaging, and a physical optics‐based technique using the Bojarski identity. We use an understanding of these processes to interpret and predict the appearances of images reconstructed from data collected over specified frequency and angular windows. Based on the understanding of the fundamental image formation processes, we have developed several image reconstruction algorithms applicable when objects are situated in different environments. Examples are bistatic imaging, near field imaging, moving target imaging, irregularly spaced array imaging, and imaging of objects embedded in a homogeneous dielectric background. Numerical and experimental results have verified the effectiveness of our proposed algorithms. ©1993 John Wiley & Sons Inc
The health care cost implications of overweight and obesity during childhood.

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether childhood overweight at age 4-5 increases publicly funded health care costs during childhood, and to explore the role of timing and duration of overweight on health costs. DATA SOURCES The Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (2004-2008) and linked records from Medicare, Australia's public health insurance provider (2004-2009). STUDY DESIGN The influence of overweight status on non-hospital Medicare costs incurred by children over a 5-year period was estimated using two-part models and one-part generalized linear models (GLM). All models controlled for demographic, socioeconomic, and parental characteristics. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Being overweight at age 4-5 is associated with significantly higher pharmaceutical and medical care costs. The results imply that for all children aged 4 and 5 in 2004-2005, those who were overweight had a combined 5-year Medicare bill that was AUD$9.8 million higher than that of normal weight children. Results from dynamic analyses show that costs of childhood overweight occur contemporaneously, and the duration of overweight is positively associated with medical costs for children who became overweight after age 5. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals that the financial burden to the public health system of childhood overweight and obesity occurs even during the first 5 years of primary school.
System identification using nonstationary signals

The conventional method for identifying the transfer function of an unknown linear system consists of a least squares fit of its input to its output. It is equivalent to identifying the frequency response of the system by calculating the empirical cross-spectrum between the system's input and output, divided by the empirical auto-spectrum of the input process. However, if the additive noise at the system's output is correlated with the input process, e.g., in case of environmental noise that affects both system's input and output, the method may suffer from a severe bias effect. We present a modification of the cross-spectral method that exploits nonstationary features in the data in order to circumvent bias effects caused by correlated stationary noise. The proposed method is particularly attractive to problems of multichannel signal enhancement and noise cancellation, when the desired signal is nonstationary in nature, e.g., speech or image.
Employment Status, Pay and Perceived Performance among Workers in Foreign-owned Industries in Southwest, Nigeria

This study examined employment status, pay and perceived performance of workers in selected foreign-owned manufacturing industries in south-west Nigeria. Adams Stacy Equity theory was used to give theoretical explanation(s) to the issues of interest. As a descriptive study, it adopted cross-sectional research design. Data was gathered using questionnaire and in-depth interview guide and was analysed through quantitative and qualitative methods respectively. The study revealed that aside the mode of recruiting casual and permanent staffs is similar; the former remuneration was against the Nigerian minimum wage. This outright disobedience prevailed mostly in Indian and Chinese owned industries, as British employers have better remuneration for casual workers. The study also discovered that there is a positive significant relationship between employment status, pay and workers performance. The study then concludes that workers dignity has come under attack by foreign industrialists despite local and international norms. The study recommends that all foreign employers must regularise the status of casual workers within an agreed time frame or as spelled out by the Nigerian Labour Act as it is a crucial ingredient for workers performance on the job. Casual workers are to acquire more education as it might determine the regularization of their employment and the pay that would accrue to them. Lastly, government and other policy makers should ensure that labour laws are carefully implemented and evaluated to protect, casual workers from the exploitation of foreign employers.
Occasional sex in an ‘asexual’ polyploid hermaphrodite

Asexual populations are usually considered evolutionary dead–ends because they lack the mechanisms to generate and maintain sufficient genetic diversity. Yet, some asexual forms are remarkably widespread and genetically diverse. This raises the question whether asexual systems are always truly clonal or whether they have cryptic forms of sexuality that enhance their viability. In the planarian flatworm Schmidtea polychroa parthenogens are functional hermaphrodites (as are their sexual conspecifics), copulate and exchange sperm. Sperm is required for initiation of embryogenesis but usually does not contribute genetically to the offspring (sperm–dependent parthenogenesis). Using karyology and genotyping of parents and offspring, we show that in a purely parthenogenetic population an estimated 12% of all offspring are the result of partial genetic exchange. Several processes of chromosome addition and loss are involved. Some of these result in an alternation between a common triploid and a rare tetraploid state. We conclude that genetic recombination does not necessarily require segregation and fusion within the same generation, as is the case in most sexual species. These occasional sexual processes help to explain the geographical dominance of parthenogens in our study species.
Deficit of brain and skeletal muscle bioenergetics in progressive supranuclear palsy shown in vivo by phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Brain and muscle energy metabolism was assessed in vivo in five patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) using phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS). 31P MRS disclosed a reduced phosphocreatine (PCr) and an increased calculated free adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in the occipital lobes of all patients. In our patients with PSP, inorganic phosphate (Pi) was significantly increased and Mg2+ was reduced. In the gastrocnemius muscle, Pi at rest was increased in four patients, and the three patients who were able to perform an incremental exercise showed a rate of PCr post‐exercise recovery slower than control subjects. Our findings show that multisystemic deficit of energy metabolism occurs in PSP and suggest that it may play a role in the pathogenesis of this disorder.
Stress Symptoms and Stress-Related Coping in Depressed Children

Background: It has been proposed that stress occurrence and stress coping strategies play an important role in the aetiology and maintenance of depression in children. The present study provides data on stress-related correlates of childhood depression. Methods: A community sample of 99 children with a mean age of 11.4 years was studied. 20 of them were classified as depressed. Stress symptoms and stress coping were measured by a standardised and validated German questionnaire for children. Results: The data show significantly higher values in depressed children for somatic symptoms of stress (p<.02) and for subjective feelings of being stressed (p<.001). Coping behaviours in the depressed children were maladaptive (p<.01), with a focus on destructive emotion regulation (p<.02), which particularly occurred in depressed boys (p<.02). Conclusion: The results confirm and extend former empirical data and recommend the specific usefulness of stressrelated elements in treatment and prevention programmes for depression in children (German J Psychiatry 2010; 13 (2): 74-78).
Automatic natural expression recognition using head movement and skin color features

Significant progress has been made in automatic facial expression recognition, yet most state of the art approaches produce significantly better reliabilities on acted expressions than on natural ones. User interfaces that use facial expressions to understand user's affective states need to be most accurate during naturalistic interactions. This paper presents a study where head movement features are used to recognize naturalistic expressions of affect. The International Affective Picture System (IAPS) collection was used as stimulus for triggering different affective states. Machine learning techniques are applied to classify user's expressions based on their head position and skin color changes. The proposed approach shows a reasonable accuracy in detecting three levels of valence and arousal for user-dependent model during naturalistic human-computer interaction.
Corporate Social Responsibility in Sustainable Supply Chain Management: An Econo-Bibliometric Perspective

This paper identifies and synthesizes information from academic journals, and examines the importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in supply chain management (SCM) literature. By using keywords such as “corporate social responsibility”, “corporate citizenship” and “supply chain” in the major online publishers’ database from 2006 to 2016, our study shows increasing importance of CSR topic in logistics and supply chain management. This growing trend has been observed at different levels (theoretical, geographical and industrial). Many moral and societal aspects can explain this interest, but this article focuses on a complementary justification by suggesting a conceptual framework formalizing the economic reason for which we can observe a growing interest in CSR issues in SCM.
Disaster Myths and their Relevance for Warning Systems

Warning systems are technically, socially, and organizationally shaped and rest on specific assumptions concerning human behavior during disasters. The common notions about people’s behavior in disaster situations are often not based on empirical data, but rather on so-called “myths” which overemphasize rare and situation-dependent extreme behaviors such as panic, disaster shock, looting or helplessness. Due to the fact that these expectations are shaped within social environments, different stakeholders such as a heterogeneous population and professionals exhibit different assumptions. These assumptions may not only be misplaced, they additionally interfere with warning systems. The paper compares empirical results of three connected surveys: a comprehensive document analysis on disaster behavior, qualitative interviews with disaster relief workers and a quantitative representative poll. By contrasting the status of research with professional narrations as well as with the people’s expectations, different expectations and their variations are explored.
The Role of a Lymphoid-restricted, Grb2-like SH3-SH2-SH3 Protein in T Cell Receptor Signaling*

We have characterized an SH3-SH2-SH3 linker protein that is prominently expressed in lymphoid tissues. This protein has 58% sequence identity to Grb2. An identical protein called Grap has been found in hematopoietic cells. In Jurkat cells, T cell receptor activation leads to the association of Grap with phosphoproteins p36/38 and, to a lesser degree, Shc. This interaction is mediated by the Grap SH2 domain, which has similar binding specificity to the Grb2 SH2 domain. Grap also associates via its SH3 domains with Sos, the Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor; with dynamin, a GTPase involved in membrane protein trafficking; and with Sam68, a nuclear RNA-binding protein that serves as a substrate of Src kinases during mitosis. T cell activation effects an increase in Grap association with p36/38, Shc, Sos, and dynamin. Sam68 binding is constitutive. Phospholipase C-γ1 and Fyn are also found in activated Grap signaling complexes, although these interactions may not be direct. We conclude that Grap is a prominent component of lymphocyte receptor signaling. Based on the known functions of bound effector molecules, Grap-mediated responses to antigen challenge may include endocytosis of the T cell receptor, cellular proliferation, and regulated entry into the cell cycle.
Glomerular number and size in relation to age, kidney weight, and body surface in normal man

The number and size of glomeruli in normal, mature human kidneys were estimated by a direct and unbiased stereological method, the fractionator. The number was 617,000 on average, and the mean size 6.0 M μm3. Both glomerular number and size showed significant negative correlation to age and significant positive correlation to kidney weight. Apparently, humans loose glomeruli with age.
Early onset neonatal sepsis: diagnostic dilemmas and practical management

Early onset neonatal sepsis is persistently associated with poor outcomes, and incites clinical practice based on the fear of missing a treatable infection in a timely fashion. Unnecessary exposure to antibiotics is also hazardous. Diagnostic dilemmas are discussed in this review, and suggestions offered for practical management while awaiting a more rapidly available ‘gold standard’ test; in an ideal world, this test would be 100% sensitive and 100% specific for the presence of organisms.
Some Experiments on Reactive Obstacle Avoidance for a Mobile Robot

An approach to reactive obstacle avoidance is proposed. The concept of an artificial protection field is introduced and then once a path is planned, the information of a laser range finder is used for obstacle detection. If necessary, a path recalculation is then performed. Experimental tests have been implemented on P3-AT mobile robot under several scenarios.
Adolescent Suicide: Epidemiology, Psychological Theories, Risk Factors, and Prevention

Suicide is one of the most common causes of death among young people worldwide. Adolescence is a developmentally important phase of age due to the growing risk for suicide and prevalence of psychiatric disorders, as well as due to growing possibilities for prevention and treatments. Research findings in theoretical considerations, in psychological autopsy studies as well as in selected follow-up studies of clinical populations and suicide attempters analyzing risk factors for youth suicides are reviewed emphasizing the most recent data. As youth suicides are rare, research on risk factors for youth suicidal ideation, deliberate self-harm behavior and attempted suicide are also briefly reviewed. Family-related adversity, precipitating interpersonal problems, and particularly psychiatric disorders constitute risk factors for adolescent suicide. Mood disorders, substance abuse and prior suicide attempts are strongly related with youth suicides. However, recent psychological autopsy studies in China have found substantially lower rates of psychiatric disorders among suicide victims compared with those in the Western countries. Recognition and effective treatment of psychiatric disorders, e.g. depression are essential in preventing adolescent suicides. As only seldom young suicide victims have received psychiatric care, broad prevention strategies are needed in health care and social services. Education of physicians to recognize youth at risk, and restricting access to lethal means are recommended to prevent suicides. For high-risk youth providing continuity of care is important. Recent treatment studies among suicidal adolescents have reported promising results on safety planning and increased therapeutic contact early in treatment.
Determination of the effect of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to unit labour cost: G7 countries examples

Following the realisation of the revolutions in various fields on Earth, the field of information and communication has also been incorporated into these developed fields. Where information and communication technologies (ICTs) are not enough for human power, they are confronted as a field that seizes work, or even accelerates them in practice. The main purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a relationship between investment of ICTs and unit labour costs (ULCs) in the G7 countries between 1990 and 2010. In the study panel, vector autoregressive and Granger Causality tests were applied. As a result of the analysis made, a negative and significant relationship has been determined between the investments made in the ICTs and the ULC.Keywords: ICT, labour cost, causality, relationship.Jel Classification Codes: O3, J2. ∗
Regulation of prostatic stromal cell growth and function by transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)

The majority of the overgrowth in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) specimens is comprised of connective tissue. Factors that control stromal growth in the prostate are poorly understood; however, members of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) family may be of particular importance in the etiology of BPH.