Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Pathological Aspects of Typhus in the Middle East Forces

TYPHUS is an ever-present threat in wartime but is not a disease with which many British medical me? afe acquainted: ~s our firidu:gs ha:e ~ffered in some resp~cts from the. textbook accounts we have thought It worth whllerevlewmg our ward and laboratory expenence. The orientation throughputis that of the clinician. Epidemiological and theoretical aspects are. not considered. , The cases reviewed are thos~ which paSsed'through a large British Military Hospital in the Middle East between March, 1942, and October, 1943, the pathological se~tioh including, in addition, material from other medical units. Both epidemic, probably louse-borne, and murine, probably flea-borne, typhus were encountered. Considering that, during much of the period, there were very large numbers of cases of epidemic typhus among the civilpopulation the relatively small number among British ~roop~ is a tribute to, the precautions observed. CLINICAL ASPECTS. The Textbook Picture. -In the textbooks typhus is usually described as starting with two days prodromal malaise, followed by rapid rise of temperature, with headache, nausea and maybe vomiting. The face becomes suffused and the patient presents a torpid, " <:lrunken" appearance in the early stages. , The rash appears on the fifth day, the initial site :varying with the textbook which shows that there is still some doubt about it; and the typical pleomorphic macules and papules; with dusky subcuticular mottling and probably petechia: , later,are soon evide~t. · -r:her~after tremo~ and delirium . devel? p an~ there may be brC! nchial . catarrh. The fever IS mamtamed at 102 -104 F. , the pulse IS rapId and the case proceeds to crisis or death some time between the twelfth and fourteenth days. The. spleen is 'variously described as " never. " " rarely" or " sometimes" palpable and there is said to be usually a moderate leucocytosis. , '
Animal idioms in English and Kurdish: with some Animal idioms in English and Kurdish: with some pedagogical implications

The primary and foremost objective of this particular study is to know the perspective of the comprehension and teaching of English idioms to Kurdish Learners. The study focuses on two major parts that make idioms difficult to Kurdish learners. Kurdish students encountered many difficulties while learning idioms and the teachers’ lacks of interest in this field have made it more difficult for the students to attain expertise in English idioms. One of the primary and significant problems that the students encountered comprehends the literal meaning. Therefore, teachers teaching English idioms are focusing more on using local language in their lectures to help the students understand the literal meanings of the idiom. In this study, the researcher has ensured to implement qualitative research method and analyse the perception of both, teachers and the students. The analysis of the students was based on pre and post-test, whereas, teachers were given an opportunity to respond to express their perception through open-ended questions. Furthermore, certain methods were used to know the depth of the research hence questionnaires were considered helpful and so interviewed. However, qualitative research method was used for this particular research as it serves the purpose of maximizing strength and reducing the weakness. Therefore, there was mix of questionnaire and interviews used in the study to combine data and as a result,
Simplifying Age Progressions within the Cook‐Austral Islands using ARGUS‐VI High‐Resolution 40Ar/39Ar Incremental Heating Ages

The Cook‐Austral islands do not exhibit a simple linear age progression from a single point of active volcanism, in contrast to other Pacific island chains. Explaining this anomaly, however, has been difficult due to the low reliability of the existing K/Ar ages for these islands. Here we present 56 new incremental heating 40Ar/39Ar age determinations for eight of the Cook‐Austral islands. We show that these 40Ar/39Ar ages are on average 10–40% different and generally older than the K/Ar ages for the same samples, are more reproducible within single lava flows, exhibit less scatter among data from a single island, and are more reliable than published K/Ar age determinations. Our new data result in two clearly defined and matching age‐progressive trends, with origins at the Macdonald and Arago seamounts. This supports the hypothesis that the Macdonald and Rurutu tracks formed by two contemporaneous hotspots aligned in the direction of plate motion. Compared to other volcanic chains on the Pacific plate, the Cook‐Austral hotspot tracks record angular rotational plate velocities (0.96 ± 0.05 to 1.09 ± 0.04°/Ma) similar to Hawaii (1.15°/Ma) but faster than Samoa (0.63°/Ma). This may imply that hot spot location relative to tectonic boundaries may have an effect on the age progressions recorded by volcanic chains. Specifically, the Cook‐Austral and Hawaii hot spots have over the last 30 Myr been located truly intraplate and thus far away from any tectonic boundary, while Samoa has been proximal to the active Tonga‐Kermedec subduction zone.
A study in the interrelationships between humans and cattle in the early Bronze Age of southwestern Asia

The archaeological investigation of the peoples and cultures of Southwestern Asia has been a subject of study for well over a century, and over time much has been discovered relating to those past individuals and the civilizations they created. With the development of archaeozoology, much information has been uncovered relating to human and animal relationships and the impacts of domesticated species on human dietary and economic practices. Unfortunately, the use of archaeozoological work has not shed much light on the impacts of animals on social practices to determine the utilisation of a particular species by human populations. This is due to the fact that the research focus of most faunal studies is to produce an unbiased documentation of animal material and its relation to food consumption and economic organization and practices. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the interrelationships between humans and cattle both economically and socially to determine how this particular animal affected human behaviour within a specific period in history. By investigating material culture and faunal remains together, we gain a broader image of the animal than merely viewing it as either an artistic representation or as a portion of a faunal assemblage. Even though there have been previous studies relating to human and animal relationships, with a few studies specifically investigating cattle, these studies typically focus on either the material culture representing the animal or the faunal assemblages of a single or multiple archaeological sites. The results of this research indicate that this interrelationship is much more complex than initially thought; it has also been discovered that the iconography of the species, as well as the faunal remains are concentrated within similar areas, which indicates that the animal was more influential within religious and administrative areas. This means that cattle may have been more influential, at least socially, than other domesticated animal species. This research differs from previous work on the subject by investigating both the material culture and faunal assemblages from multiple sites of varying sizes as well as multiple cultural regions within Southwestern Asia during a specific period in history. Through this research, it has been discovered that, cattle were kept and cultivated within various environments and were utilised for both economic and social practices. Moreover, the utilization of cattle in the development of agricultural practices was instrumental in the formation of urban living, which may indicate why cattle were so highly valued. As for the social and iconographic role of cattle, it has been established that the animal became associated with particular deities and elite individuals, which may explain why the iconography associated with cattle was so influential and widespread.
Field Tests of Exercise Capacity in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Exercise intolerance is a common symptom in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and reflects not only cardio- respiratory status, but global disease severity and prognosis. Evaluating exercise capacity allows the monitoring of disease trajectory and response to intervention. Although formal cardiopulmonary metabolic exercise testing provides a wealth of physiological information, this is impractical in some settings. Field tests, which do not require specialist equipment and expertise, are widely used as surrogates. This review examines established and emerging field tests of exercise capacity, and examines the evidence supporting the validity, reliability, and inter- pretation of these tests in the assessment of individuals with COPD. The 6-minute walk, incremental shuttle walk, and endurance shuttle walk tests have well-established psychometric properties in COPD. Nonetheless, issues with the time and space required to perform these tests prevent widespread implementation across all health care settings. A range of simpler and shorter functional tests are emerging in COPD, which are suited to most clinical settings including the bedside. These include the 4-meter gait speed, sit-to-stand tests, the Short Physical Performance Battery, and the Stair Climb Power Test. Data on the psychometric properties of these emerging tests are variable in COPD populations and are currently strongest for the 4-meter gait speed and 5-sit-to-stand test. In summary, exercise capacity is an important outcome measure in COPD. There are several well-established and validated field walking tests that reflect exercise capacity. Simpler tests are emerging, which will allow the routine measurement of exercise capacity at the bedside or in home settings.
Culturally Responsive Teaching Practices: for Educators of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students

Schools within the United States have grown tremendously over the last decade in cultural and linguistic diversity. Teachers have a responsibility to teach all students, regardless of their unique backgrounds or language abilities; however, English language learners and students of color are not receiving the same academic success as their White and English-dominant peers. Rochester City School District Regents exam data illustrates observable racial achievement disproportionality that suggests certain groups of students are not receiving an equitable education. To combat this disproportionality, a handbook and professional development plan was created for Rochester-area teachers at World of Inquiry School (WOIS) to increase their cultural responsiveness and better serve their culturally and linguistically diverse students. Culturally Responsive Education (CRE) is a pedagogy that reflects the need for cultural awareness and inclusion so that all students achieve equally, not just White or European American students. With the implementation of CRE, teachers at WOIS will seek to infuse instruction with culture, foster a climate of rigorous learning and mutual respect, and transform their thinking to expose biases that prevent certain students from achieving academically. CULTURALLY RESPONSIVE TEACHING PRACTICES 3
Global environmental changes in the high tropical Andes

The high tropical Andes harbours vital ecosystems that sustain biodiversity, carbon storage, and environmental service provision for millions of people. They are identified as one of the most vulnerable terrestrial ecosystems to global environmental changes, particularly to climate change and land use conversion. Despite their vulnerability and the importance of global biodiversity conservation and Andean societies, they are among the least studied ecosystems in the world. In this thesis, I studied the patterns of summit plant community's across the tropical section of the Andes. Further, I studied what environmental factors influence plant community composition, species diversity, and thermal niche traits in high tropical alpine ecosystems. Based on the thermal niche traits, I assessed the potential vulnerability of species and communities to climate warming, considering the effect of the climate variability hypothesis on the species niche breadths. Further, I synthesised the current state of knowledge and assessed the current and projected landscape changes in the high Andes due to the combined effect of glacier retreat and climate warming. I reviewed documented glacier changes and landscape evolution over past decades to millennia and assessed projected future glacier shrinkage until 2100 for two case studies in the Andes of Ecuador and Peru. I also evaluated the capacity of high Andean ecosystems to recover from land use changes using the aptitude to store and take up carbon together with plant diversity. Lastly, I carried out an applied research analysis aimed at informing conservation policy formulation in continental Ecuador through defining critical areas for biodiversity conservation.
AB1137 Association between vitamin d deficiency and disease activity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Background Beyond its traditional metabolic effects, vitamin D also have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Serum levels of vitamin D have been found to be low in several autoimmune or immune-mediated diseases. Objectives The aims of this study were to evaluate the vitamin D status in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and also to examine whether there is an association between serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (vitamin D) and disease activity in JIA. Methods The children withJIA who had an outpatient visit between March and April 2011 were evaluated retrospectively. Demographic data, disease duration, treatment modalities, physical examination findings, disease activity, sedimentation, and vitamin D levels were evaluated. Disease activitywas calculatedwithJADAS-27. Serum vitamin D levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Results A total of 47 patients, 29 (61.7%) girls with a mean age of 9.3±3.9 years and median follow-up period of 28 months, were included in the study. 12 patients(25.5%) wereusing vitamin D supplement at the time of the study. The mean serum vitamin D level of all patients was 17.74 ng/ml ±11.66. Vitamin D insufficiency (serum vitamin D: 15-20 ng/ml) and deficiency (serum vitamin D level <15 ng/ml) were found in 9 (19.1%) and 25 patients (53.2%), respectively. Only 13 patients (27.7%) have adequate vitamin D levels (>20 ng/ml). There is a significant negative correlation between Vitamin D levels and disease activity (p=0.01, r=-0,37). Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency is common in children with JIA. There is a relationship between vitamin D levels and disease activity. Clinicians should be aware of vitamin D deficiency in patients with JIA. Disclosure of Interest None Declared
Brief Exercise Enhances Blood Hypocretin-1 in Sedentary Men

The aim of this experiment was to test the effect of brief exercise on the concentration of plasma hypocretin-1, a peptide that regulates many physiological variables. Blood samples were collected from participants (men, n=6) before (time 0 min) and after (times 15 and 30 min) a cycle ergo meter exercise at 75 W for 15 min. The physical exertion was monitored by heart rate registration. The exercise causes a significant increase in plasmatic hypocretin-1, in association with an increase of hearth rate. These results are the first demonstration, which indicates that plasma hypocretin-1 is involved in the reactions induced by physical activity.
Prophylactic Strategy for Peritoneal Recurrence after Curative Operation in Pancreatic Cancer

Even though curative surgery has been performed for patients with pancreatic cancer without peritoneal free cancer cells at laparotomy, many patients die of peritoneal recurrence. The reason for this fact is postulated that the surgical procedure itself could cause spread of cancer cells into peritoneal cavity. To identify the free cancer cells spilled in the peritoneal cavity during the operation, we have established real-time quantitative reverse transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) system. Moreover, we have devised Extensive Intraoperative Peritoneal Lavage (EIPL) therapy as a very simple and non-aggressive prophylactic treatment for peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer patients with peritoneal free cancer cells. In this paper, we review the validity of EIPL therapy navigated by real-time quantitative RT-PCR detecting free cancer cells in the peritoneal cavity during operation, and the effect of this therapy on the survival after curative operations in patients with pancreatic cancer
The Impact of Palliative Medicine on Franciscan St. Francis Health

Franciscan St. Francis Health of Indiana implemented a palliative medicine pilot program in 2004 that introduced palliative care to 13 patients and their families during Day 3 of their intensive care unit stay to help resolve life-limiting and end-of-life issues. As a result, the hospital saved $29,240 per patient (based on Center to Advance Palliative Care formula) that year. These savings allowed the hospital to hire one full-time palliative medicine employee. The criteria to implement the program met the National Quality Forum requirements set by the National Priorities Partnership in 2008. Because of its success, the palliative medicine team (physicians, nurses, nurse practitioners, social workers, chaplains, and pain control specialists) consulted on more than 1200 cases in 2010.
Wind measurements for wind energy applications. A review

SYNOPSIS A review is given of the error sources and uncertainties in cup and sonic anemometry. In both cases the effects of the tower, boom and other mounting arrangements, as well as the siting of the anemometer, should be considered carefully. Cup anemometer measurements are inherently biased due to the turbulent nature of the wind, but these errors can be neglected in many applications if a well-designed, fast-responding anemometer is used. The response characteristics of sonic anemometers are fairly complicated. Based on wind tunnel investigations and ﬁeld comparisons some of the associated errors are identiﬁed and their magnitude assessed.
Relationship between Health Literacy and Quality of Life of University Students of Two Different Geographic Regions in India

: The cognitive and social skill that determines the activity of individual which leads to define motivation, to gain access to understand and usage of information in such a way that it helps in promoting and maintaining good health is known as health literacy. Health literacy is crucial to empowerment by improving people’s access to information regarding health and effectively using their content. The quality of life (QOL) is referred to individual’s ability to perform physical, social and psychological functions and as well as how individuals are subjectively assess their own well being. It acts as an indicator of living status and health. Low health literacy has shown association with poor health outcomes such as poor health condition and reduced quality of life as well as self efficacy. Quality of Life is generally linked with the health literacy of individuals. The younger generation that is the youth sometimes lack to attain proper knowledge and mislead themselves to the wrong path of leading a healthy life which generally reduces the quality of their life.
Integrated robust and adaptive methods in the heating oil industry

Almost six million households in the United States alone use heating oil as their main fuel, the vast majority of these in the Northeastern US. In this thesis, we examine some problems faced by a planner who is contracted to resupply customers with heating oil through the winter season, and use robust and adaptive optimization and machine learning to develop models that allow the planner to address these problems under uncertainty at a realistic scale. In the first part of the thesis (Chapter 2), we consider the problem of resupplying customers spread over a geographical area. Due to the presence of uncertainty in demand, the planner has to choose an appropriate fleet size, decide on the most cost-effective routes and schedules, and on how much to resupply each customer. We develop novel scalable and adaptive algorithms to address this problem, demonstrating the potential for significant cost savings in simulations while being able to address problem sizes in the thousands. In the second part of the thesis (Chapter 3), we consider the problem of executing the purchase of a commodity. In addition to price uncertainty on the daily commodity market, we model two kinds of discounts offered by commodity sellers vying for the planner's business. We develop a tractable model to formulate a purchasing strategy for a desired quantity, and use recently-developed machine learning techniques to find optimal decision trees that the planner can apply to different problem parameters to yield readily interpretable purchasing strategies, without having to re-solve the optimization models. We demonstrate experimentally that these strategies perform almost as well as those given by the actual optimization models. Finally, in the third part of the thesis (Chapter 4), we demonstrate the possibility of solving the previous two problems as an integrated whole, allowing the planner to simultaneously optimize the routing, scheduling, and purchasing aspects of heating oil delivery. Although the integrated problem size may be too large to solve directly with realistic problem sizes, we use Lagrangean decomposition methods to make the problem tractable, and show experimentally that this allows us to get high-quality solutions that reduce the combined cost of the two subproblems.
Deep brain simulation of the globus pallidus pars interna in advanced Parkinson's disease.

Article abstract-Pallidotomy is now widely performed for the treatment of advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). Preliminary reports of the effect of globus pallidus pars interna deep brain stimulation (GPi DBS) have also been promising. We have analyzed a cohort of 22 consecutive patients enrolled in a multicenter study. Surgery was bilateral in 17 and unilateral in five patients. At 6-month follow-up, the bilaterally GPi-implanted patients demonstrated a marked improvement when examined after drug withdrawal (off) and under optimal medication (on) using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). The benefit induced by the stimulation in the off medication condition in the total motor score was 31% and in the activities of daily living (ADL) scores was 39%. During the on medication period, the reduction in the total on dyskinesias score was 66% and in the ADL score was 32%. A similar pattern of improvement was seen in the group of patients with unilateral GPi stimulation, although a second cohort of 12 patients not included in the multicenter study showed greater improvements in on motor functioning. Although the effect of DBS is predominantly reversible, electrode insertion alone resulted in measurable clinical effects in the absence of stimulation. Thus, at 6-month follow-up, the benefit observed without stimulation was up to 44% in the on dyskinesias score and 29% in timed tapping scores undertaken in the off medication state. Complications among 34 patients from all centers included perioperative infection (n=3), hardware fracture (n=2), and premature battery failure (n=3). These results show a positive antiparkinsonian effect of pallidal DBS. No specific complications were observed with bilateral procedures. s disease.