Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mandibular Symphyseal Bone Graft for Reconstruction of Alveolar Cleft Defects: Volumetric Assessment with Cone Beam Computed Tomography 1-Year Postsurgery

Objective The aims of this retrospective study were to evaluate the volumetric outcome of mandibular symphyseal bone graft in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate by estimating the bone fill 1-year postoperatively on cone beam computed tomography. The outcome was assessed in relation to the (1) root development stage of the cleft side canine, (2) presence/absence of a cleft side lateral incisor, and (3) volume size of the preoperative cleft defect. Methods The alveolar bone defect volume of 32 consecutive unilateral cleft lip and palate patients aged 8 years 1 month to 11 years 11 months was evaluated using a recently defined and standardized protocol. The outcome was calculated as the percentage of bone fill using the formula (VOLpre - VOLpost) / VOLpre) x 100. Results The preoperative mean alveolar cleft volume was 934 mm3, and the average percentage bone fill was 87%. There was no significant difference between bone fill and root developmental stage of the cleft-side canine (P = .882) nor presence/absence of the cleft side lateral incisor (P = .803). The size of the cleft defect did not correlate with the bone fill (r = .03, P = .84). Conclusions Secondary alveolar bone grafting with mandibular symphyseal bone graft in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate is an attractive procedure assessed from the volumetric outcome using cone beam computed tomography. The 1-year average bone fill of 87% was not significantly influenced by root development stage of the cleft-side canine, presence or the absence of a cleft side lateral incisor, or size of the alveolar defect.
Prospective Randomized Trial of Maintenance Immunosuppression With Rapid Discontinuation of Prednisone in Adult Kidney Transplantation

Rapid discontinuation of prednisone (RDP) has minimized steroid‐related complications following kidney transplant (KT). This trial compares long‐term (10‐year) outcomes with three different maintenance immunosuppressive protocols following RDP in adult KT. Recipients (n = 440; 73% living donor) from March 2001 to April 2006 were randomized into one of three arms: cyclosporine (CSA) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) (CSA/MMF, n = 151); high‐level tacrolimus (TAC, 8–12 μg/L) and low‐level sirolimus (SIR, 3–7 μg/L) (TACH/SIRL, n = 149) or low‐level TAC (3–7 μg/L) and high‐level SIR (8–12 μg/L) (TACL/SIRH, n = 140). Median follow‐up was ∼7 years. There were no differences between arms in 10‐year actuarial patient, graft and death‐censored graft survival or in allograft function. There were no differences in the 10‐year actuarial rates of biopsy‐proven acute rejection (30%, 26% and 20% in CSA/MMF, TACH/SIRL and TACL/SIRH) and chronic rejection (38%, 35% and 31% in CSA/MMF, TACH/SIRL and TACL/SIRH). Rates of new‐onset diabetes mellitus were higher with TACH/SIRL (p = 0.04), and rates of anemia were higher with TACH/SIRL and TACL/SIRH (p = 0.04). No differences were found in the overall rates of 16 other post‐KT complications. These data indicate that RDP‐based protocol yield acceptable 10‐year outcomes, but side effects differ based on the maintenance regimen used and should be considered when optimizing immunosuppression following RDP.
Examining the Relationship between Environmental Regulations and Foreign Direct Investment Level: Evidence from China

This study examines the relationship between the environmental regulations and the FDI levels in China. The environmental regulation stringency is measured using emissions and other energy consumption data. The study is based on the pollution haven hypothesis and additionally applies direction of causality tests. The main objectives of the study are: to measure the environmental regulatory stringency and to identify the relationship between the application of the environmental restrictions and the level of FDI in China in the period from 1979-2013. The study adopts a quantitative approach; a correlation matrix, a multiple regression model, and granger causality are used first; then a time series multiple regression model is conducted; afterwards the granger causality is applied. The results of the statistical analysis show a negative relationship between environmental regulations and FDI levels and a negative bidirectional causal relationship between the emissions and energy consumption variables and the FDI levels. Thus, countries aiming at increasing their FDI levels need to consider their environmental regulations. In addition, the study provides useful information to other developing countries which are still in less developed stages, as it can have policy implications on increasing the FDI levels and on the environmental regulations.
Alterations in hemodynamics and Kf,c during lung mass resection.

The effects of progressive lung mass reduction on total pulmonary vascular resistance (RT), compliance (CT), arterial (Pa), venous (PV), and capillary (Pc) pressures, and the capillary filtration coefficient (Kf,c) were evaluated in whole isolated dog lungs perfused with autologous blood. RT increased (P less than 0.05) in a nonlinear fashion when mass was reduced by greater than 35% in zone 3 lungs (Pa greater than PV greater than airway pressure) perfused at constant pressure (CP, n = 9), a finding predicted by a model of rigid parallel flow channels subjected to loss of cross-sectional area. Furthermore, these findings were not altered by pretreatment with ibuprofen or diphenhydramine (n = 7). In contrast, in zone 3 lungs perfused with constant flow (CF, n = 4), RT did not increase until at least 60-75% of mass was removed. Since Pa and Pc were constant in the former group, but increased in the latter group (P less than 0.05), the attenuation of RT by CF is best explained by vascular distension. This is supported by the finding that microvascular C, as a fraction of CT, decreased significantly with CF, but not with CP. Kf,c and CT (referenced to the initial lung mass) decreased linearly with reductions in lung mass % delta Kf,c = 1.26-0.98% mass removed (r = 0.90, P less than 0.01) and % delta CT = -3.99-0.98% mass removed (r = 0.82, P less than 0.01) relationships that were not altered by blocker pretreatment. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Heterostructured WS2/CH3NH3PbI3 Photoconductors with Suppressed Dark Current and Enhanced Photodetectivity

Heterostructured photoconductors based on hybrid perovskites and 2D transition-metal dichalcogenides are fabricated and characterized. Due to the superior properties of CH3 NH3 PbI3 and WS2 , as well as the efficient interfacial charge transfer, such photoconductors show high performance with on/off ratio of ≈10(5) and responsivity of ≈17 A W(-1) . Furthermore, the response times of the heterostructured photoconductors are four orders of magnitude faster compared to the counterpart of a perovskite single layer.
Housing Decision with Divorce Risk

We build a realistically calibrated life-cycle model of housing decisions under divorce risk. As observed in the data, our model predicts the recent increase in divorce rates leads to reduced homeownership rates. The event of a divorce negatively affects homeownership, and this effect is long-lasting. The risk of a divorce triggers a precautionary savings motive. However, this motive is weaker when individuals can invest in owner-occupied homes because homeowners’ higher savings partially substitute for precautionary savings. When young, the larger asset accumulation due to divorce-risk induced precautionary savings enables households to buy homes earlier, whereas the presence of transaction costs leads to reduced homeownership for middle-aged and older households when divorce risk goes up.
Galactose-containing polysaccharides from the human pathogens Sporothrix schenckii and Ceratocystis stenoceras

Galactose-containing polysaccharides from three strains of Sporothrix schenckii and one strain of Ceratocystis stenoceras were isolated, and their structures were paritally characterized by chemical analysis and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C-NMR). S. schenckii polysaccharide preparations from all strains were not precipitated by Fehling solution and contained galactomannan (or a mixture of galactan and galactomannan), amylose, and minor amounts of rhamnomannan. C. stenoceras polysaccharide contained galactomannan and a smaller proportion of amylose. Conventional chemical techniques and 13C-NMR spectroscopy showed that the structures of the two preparations were closely related. The core of the galactomannan consisted principally of nonreducing end units and 2-O-, 2,6-di-O-, and perhaps 2,3-di-O-substituted alpha-D-mannopyranosyl units. The core was substituted by beta-D-galactofuranosyl chains; the units are interlinked (1 leads to 6). 13C-NMR evidence shows that the alpha-D-mannopyranosyl units are substituted in the two positions by the beta-D-galactofuranosyl residues. Galactomannans present at the cell surface of S. schenckii represent other potential fungal antigens in addition to the already recognized rhamnomannans and their peptide complexes.
The Effect of Laryngoscope Handle Size on Possible Endotracheal Intubation Success in University Football, Ice Hockey, and Soccer Players

Objective:To assess the effectiveness of a standard long-handle laryngoscope and a short-handle laryngoscope on ease of possible intubation in football, ice hockey, and soccer players. Design:Prospective crossover study. Setting:University Sport Medicine Clinic. Participants:Sixty-two university varsity football (62 males), 45 ice hockey (26 males and 19 females), and 39 soccer players (20 males, 19 females). Interventions:Athletes were assessed for different airway and physical characteristics. Three different physicians then assessed the use of laryngoscopes of different handle sizes in supine athletes who were wearing protective equipment while in-line cervical spine immobilization was maintained. Main Outcome Measures:The ease of passage of a laryngoscope blade into the posterior oropharynx of a supine athlete was assessed using both a standard long-handle and a short-handle laryngoscope. Results:Use of a short-handle laryngoscope was easier for all physicians in all sports as compared with a standard-sized laryngoscope. Passage of a laryngoscope blade into the posterior oropharynx of a supine athlete was easiest in soccer players and most difficult in football and ice hockey players for both sizes of laryngoscope. Interference from chest or shoulder pads was a common cause for difficulty in passing the laryngoscope blade into the posterior oropharynx for football and ice hockey players. Conclusions:In the rare instances that an endotracheal intubation is to be attempted on an unconscious athlete, a short-handle laryngoscope may provide the best chance for successful intubation.
A bizarre new toothed mysticete (Cetacea) from Australia and the early evolution of baleen whales

Extant baleen whales (Cetacea, Mysticeti) are all large filter-feeding marine mammals that lack teeth as adults, instead possessing baleen, and feed on small marine animals in bulk. The early evolution of these superlative mammals, and their unique feeding method, has hitherto remained enigmatic. Here, I report a new toothed mysticete from the Late Oligocene of Australia that is more archaic than any previously described. Unlike all other mysticetes, this new whale was small, had enormous eyes and lacked derived adaptations for bulk filter-feeding. Several morphological features suggest that this mysticete was a macrophagous predator, being convergent on some Mesozoic marine reptiles and the extant leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx). It thus refutes the notions that all stem mysticetes were filter-feeders, and that the origins and initial radiation of mysticetes was linked to the evolution of filter-feeding. Mysticetes evidently radiated into a variety of disparate forms and feeding ecologies before the evolution of baleen or filter-feeding. The phylogenetic context of the new whale indicates that basal mysticetes were macrophagous predators that did not employ filter-feeding or echolocation, and that the evolution of characters associated with bulk filter-feeding was gradual.
Interpopulational and seasonal variation in the chemical signals of the lizard Gallotia galloti

Communicative traits are strikingly diverse and may vary among populations of the same species. Within a population, these traits may also display seasonal variation. Chemical signals play a key role in the communication of many taxa. However, we still know far too little about chemical communication in some vertebrate groups. In lizards, only a few studies have examined interpopulational variation in the composition of chemical cues and signals and only one study has explored the seasonal effects. Here we sampled three subspecies of the Tenerife lizards (Gallotia galloti) and analyze the lipophilic fraction of their femoral gland secretions to characterize the potential interpopulational variation in the chemical signals. In addition, we assessed whether composition of these secretions differed between the reproductive and the non-reproductive season. We analyzed variations in both the overall chemical profile and the abundance of the two main compounds (cholesterol and vitamin E). Our results show interpopulational and seasonal differences in G. gallotia chemical profiles. These findings are in accordance with the high interpopulational variability of compounds observed in lizard chemical signals and show that their composition is not only shaped by selective factors linked to reproductive season.
Theorie du desequilibre et chomage involontaire. Un examen critique

My aim is this paper is to assess whether disequilibrium models have succeeded in their aim of demonstrating the existence of involuntary unemployment in a Walrasian general equilibrium context. In a first stage of my inquiry, I critically examine the works of the founders of the disequilibrium approach, Patinkin, Clower and Leijonhufvud, and bring out their respective flaws. My concern in a second stage is the more elaborate models of Barro et Grossman, Dreze, Benassy and Malinvaud. The main criticism levelled against them concerns the validity of their project to introduce price fixity within the Walrasian institutional set-up. Classification JEL : B 200 ; B220 ; E130.
The scientific rationale for optimizing nutritional support in cancer

Cancer patients lose weight as a result of the anorexia–cachexia syndrome, and this weight loss is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Thus, nutritional support to arrest or reverse weight loss is of paramount importance in the management of Cachexia cancer patients. Persistent tumour-induced metabolic changes result, however, in a suboptimal response to such support, making nutritional maintenance or improvement difficult targets to achieve. Mechanisms involved in the blockade to anabolism in cancer cachexia include alterations in skeletal muscle and hepatic protein metabolism, and reduced physical activity. Mediators underlying these mechanisms of weight loss include proinflammatory cytokines, tumour-specific cachectic factors, and neuroendocrine mediators of muscle catabolism. The complex mix of different mediators renders unimodal nutritional intervention a strategy that is unlikely to succeed completely. Therefore, clinical trials using combination therapies or immunonutrition are required for future success.
Infectious disease outbreaks related to drinking water in Canada, 1974-2001.

BACKGROUND Recent public attention on drinking water supplies in the aftermath of waterborne infection outbreaks in Walkerton and North Battleford raises questions about safety. We analyzed information on waterborne outbreaks occurring between 1974 and 2001 in order to identify apparent trends, review the current status of monitoring and reporting, and gain a better understanding of the impact of drinking water quality on public health and disease burden. METHODS Data from outbreak investigations, published and unpublished, were categorized by the type of drinking water provider and were assessed to be definitely, probably or possibly waterborne in nature. RESULTS The final data set consisted of 288 outbreaks of disease linked to a drinking water source. There were 99 outbreaks in public water systems, 138 outbreaks in semi-public systems and 51 outbreaks in private systems. The main known causative agents of waterborne disease outbreaks were (in descending frequency of occurrence) Giardia, Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium, Norwalk-like viruses, Salmonella and hepatitis A virus. SUMMARY We found that severe weather, close proximity to animal populations, treatment system malfunctions, poor maintenance and treatment practices were associated with the reported disease outbreaks resulting from drinking water supplies. However, issues related to the accuracy, co-ordination, compatibility and detail of data exist. A systematic and coordinated national surveillance system for comparison purposes, trend identification and policy development is needed so that future waterborne disease outbreaks can be avoided.
Sex differences in predictors of violent and non-violent juvenile offending.

In response to concerns regarding the rise in female juvenile violent crime and the dearth of gender-specific research, this study aimed to identify predictors of violent offending in female offenders. Data were extracted from risk assessments of 586 male and female juvenile offenders (aged 11-17 years) conducted between 2005 and 2009 by the Youth Offending Service in Gloucestershire, an English county. Information regarding the young people's living arrangements, family and personal relationships, education, emotional/mental health, thinking and behavior, and attitudes to offending was recorded. Comparisons were made between the violent male offenders (N = 185), the violent female offenders (N = 113), the non-violent male offenders (N = 150), and the non-violent female offenders (N = 138) for these variables. These were followed by a multinomial logistic regression analysis. The findings indicated that engaging in self-harm was the best predictor of being a female violent offender, with the predictors of giving into pressure from others and attempted suicide nearing significance. Furthermore, non-violent females were significantly less likely to lose control of their temper and more likely to give in to pressure from others than their violent counterparts. Non-violent males were significantly less likely to lose control of their temper and more likely to self-harm and give in to pressure from others than violent males. Although many similarities existed between sexes for predictors of violent offending, the findings of this study indicate that more attention needs to be paid to the mental health of female offenders.
Parents’ housing careers and support for adult children across Europe

Abstract Housing careers have important consequences for individuals’ well-being. The present study focuses on the role of parents’ housing careers in affecting the way and extent to which they provide economic support to their adult children. By adopting a family life course perspective, it shows that while housing tenure has relatively little effect on parents’ transfer behaviour, mobility between different tenures can elicit or suppress intergenerational support; moreover, the quality of the house positively affects intergenerational co-residence. Support received to acquire a home along one’s life course has an important demonstration effect: those parents who have received their home as a gift or have received economic support for buying it are more prone to provide help to their adult children. The empirical results do not allow to identify macro-contextual conditions that shape the effect of parents’ housing careers on intergenerational support, but they show that the demonstration effect plays only a marginal role in Southern Europe.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Revision Reconstruction

Background The quadriceps tendon is a viable graft source for revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Purpose To determine the functional results and graft failure rates in knees in which the patellar tendon had been previously harvested or was unavailable, expanded tunnels precluded the use of a semitendinosus-gracilis graft, or patients requested autogenous tissues instead of allografts for revision reconstruction. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods The authors observed 21 patients for a mean of 49 months postoperatively after revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with a quadriceps tendon graft. The results were determined by KT-2000 arthrometer testing, the Cincinnati Knee Rating System, and the International Knee Documentation Committee Rating System. Fifteen knees required a concurrent procedure, including reconstruction of posterolateral structures in 5 knees, meniscal repairs in 5 knees, and high tibial osteotomy in 2 knees. Results Significant improvements occurred in symptoms (P< .0001), daily activities (P< .05), sports activities (P< .01), and the overall rating scores (P< .0001). Eighteen patients rated their knee condition as improved. Total mean anterior-posterior displacements decreased from 8.4 ± 3.1 mm preoperatively to 2.0 ± 2.3 mm at follow-up (P< .001). On the International Knee Documentation Committee knee ligament rating, 17 knees were graded as normal or nearly normal, 3 were graded as abnormal, and 1 was graded as severely abnormal. Conclusion The revision operation provided reasonable results in this group of complex knees. However, the functional and overall results were inferior to those reported for primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Many knees (90%) had compounding problems of articular cartilage damage, meniscectomy, varus malalignment, or additional ligamentous injury that most likely affected the results.
[Human umbilic mesenchymal stromal cells repairs diabetic foot in rats associated with VEGF expressional change].

UNLABELLED OBJECTITVE: To explore the mechanism of human umbilic mesenchymal cells (HUMSCs) implantation for the treatment of diabetic foot in rats associate with vascular endothelia growth factor (VEGF) expression changes. METHODS After diabetic foot model in rats were established by administration of streptozotozin (STZ) in intraperitoneal injection (2 weeks), ulceration in foot was induced by incision injury combined with swearing staphylococcus aureas. Then, HUMSCs were smeared on the ulceration of foot in diabetic rats. Ten days later, the densities of blood vessel and the level of VEGF expression were determined by using immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS HUMSC grafts reduced significantly the volume of ulceration in diabetic foot rats (P < 0.05). RT-PCR and Western blot showed that VEGF and its mRNA were significantly upregulated (P < 0.05). VEGF immunstaining was found in blood vessels and the densities of blood vessels in HUMSC group were increased significantly (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION HUMSC implantation showed a positive role in promoting the recovery of the ulceration in foot with diabetic rats.