Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Re: Modulation of basal and squamous cell carcinoma by endogenous estrogen in mouse models of skin cancer.

Dear We Dr De et al. for their letter and for the appreciation of our recently published work (1). We do believe that endogenous estrogen may have a protective role for melanoma also. We take the occasion, since there are no speciﬁc questions or concerns raised in the letter, to acknowledge the fact that our studies have been greatly facilitated by the use of powerful mouse models of non-melanoma skin cancer (2,3). Unfortunately, such resource is not yet available for malignant melanoma. We think that the results on the profound in- ﬂuence of hormones on epithelial skin cancer (i.e. basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma) should strongly stimulate experimental studies of the factors inﬂuencing the far more deadly skin melanoma. Because the role of estrogens in melanocytic lesions is still unclear, development of genetically engineered mouse models that accurately recapitulate the essential features of the human disease should be a primary objective. These models would offer unique opportunities to investigate cancer mechanisms in genetically deﬁned and environmentally controlled settings in the context of the tumor microenvironment and an intact immune system (4). These are critical distinctions from the widely used xenograft/transplant models in which several factors prevent faithful recapitulation of the human disease, e.g. additional mutations occurring
Association of socioeconomic and lifestyle behavioral factors with obesity and thinness among migrant peasant workers ’ children , by comparison with rural and urban children in China

Background: Since 1980s migrant peasant workers in China have migrated from rural areas to urban areas to seek for employment opportunities. More and more of migrant peasant workers’ children accompanied their parents to the cities and became another special population in modern Chinese urban areas. This study aimed to discuss the association between socioeconomic and lifestyle behavioral factors and obesity or thinness ,among rural, migrant peasant workers’ and urban children, with a special focus on migrant peasant workers’ children. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 2457 children and adolescents aged 7-12 years old, including 914 migrant peasant workers’ subjects, 795 subjects of Shanghai citizens and 748 subjects from immigrant original rural areas (Anhui province). Physique measurements and self-reported information on socioeconomic factors, lifestyle habits were collected by the questionnaire. SPSS18.0 was used in the analysis. Results: This study indicated that the average value of BMI among migrant peasant workers’ children, was higher than that of rural children, but lower than that of children of citizens of Shanghai City, except for 7 to 9-year-old girls. Thinness was highly prevalent among rural children, while overweight or obesity was largely observed among children of citizens of Shanghai City. Moreover, the results showed that the prevalence of overweight or obesity among migrant peasant workers’ children was much higher than that of rural children. It was found that overweight or obese children were more likely to have parents with higher education levels, have higher family monthly income, and have less physical education class per week. Thin children were more likely to have parents with lower education levels, have lower family monthly income, and have less physical education class per week. Conclusion: Our study revealed that the prevalences of overweight or obesity among migrant peasant workers’ and Shanghai Citizens’ children were relatively high, while there was a high prevalence of thinness among rural children. Socioeconomic and lifestyle behavioral factors were the risk factors related to body shape among migrant peasant workers’ children.
Approaches to mobile application development: Comparative performance analysis

The purpose of software development is meeting both functional and non-functional requirements. In mobile device applications, non-functional requirements are more relevant due to the restrictions inherent to these devices. The performance of a mobile application affects user preference for use. In this article, we present a performance study of the approaches used to develop software for mobile devices for the two currently more commonly used operating systems: iOS and Android. The results obtained are analyzed, and conclusions supported by the tests carried out are drawn.
Crystal Structure of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Protein Dimerization Domain Reveals Evolutionary Linkage between Corona- and Arteriviridae*

The causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is the SARS-associated coronavirus, SARS-CoV. The nucleocapsid (N) protein plays an essential role in SARS-CoV genome packaging and virion assembly. We have previously shown that SARS-CoV N protein forms a dimer in solution through its C-terminal domain. In this study, the crystal structure of the dimerization domain, consisting of residues 270–370, is determined to 1.75Å resolution. The structure shows a dimer with extensive interactions between the two subunits, suggesting that the dimeric form of the N protein is the functional unit in vivo. Although lacking significant sequence similarity, the dimerization domain of SARS-CoV N protein has a fold similar to that of the nucleocapsid protein of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. This finding provides structural evidence of the evolutionary link between Coronaviridae and Arteriviridae, suggesting that the N proteins of both viruses have a common origin.
Resuscitation of intraoperative hypovolemia: A comparison of normal saline and hyperosmotic/ hyperoncotic solutions in swine

Background and MethodsWe compared a hypertonic saline-dextran solution (7.5% NaCl/6% dextran-70) with 0.9% NaCl (normal saline) for treatment of intraoperative hypovolemia. Fourteen anesthetized pigs (mean weight 36.3 ± 2.1 kg) underwent thoracotomy, followed by hemorrhage for 1 hr to reduce mean arterial pressure to 45 mm Hg. A continuous infusion of either solution was then initiated and the flow rate was adjusted to restore and maintain aortic blood flow at baseline levels for 2 hrs. ResultsFull resuscitation to initial values of aortic blood flow was achieved with both regimens, but the normal saline group required substantially larger volumes and sodium loads to maintain stable hemodynamic values. Normal saline resuscitation produced increases in right ventricular preload (central venous pressure) and afterload (pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance), resulting in increased right ventricular work. ConclusionsHypertonic saline-dextran solution resuscitation of intraoperative hypovolemia is performed effectively with smaller fluid and sodium loads, and is devoid of the deleterious effects associated with fluid accumulation induced by a conventional isotonic solution regimen.
Répertoire des défauts de conception

Afin de classer un certain nombre de defauts de conception, nous avons utilise la classification proposee par Mantyla qui permet de mieux comprendre les differents defauts et les relations qui les lient. Nous avons decrit chaque defaut en suivant le patron suivant: le (ou les) nom(s) connu(s) de ce defaut, un identificateur (ID), une description, et dans certains cas des exemples.
Low frequency wave sources in the outer magnetosphere, magnetosheath, and near Earth solar wind

The interaction of the solar wind with the Earth magnetosphere generates a broad variety of plasma waves through different mechanisms. The four Cluster spacecraft allow one to determine the regions where these waves are generated and their propagation directions. One of the tools which takes full advantage of the multi-point capabilities of the Cluster mission is the wave telescope technique which provides the wave vector using a plane wave representation. In order to determine the distance to the wave sources, the source locator – a generalization of the wave telescope to spherical waves – has been recently developed. We are applying the source locator to magnetic field data from a typical traversal of Cluster from the cusp region and the outer magnetosphere into the magnetosheath and the near Earth solar wind. We find a high concentration of low frequency wave sources in the electron foreshock and in the cusp region. To a lower extent, low frequency wave sources are also found in other magnetospheric regions.
Performance Evaluation of High-Speed Polar Coded CO-OFDM System with Nonlinear and Linear Impairments

In this paper, the performance of polar code in high-speed coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) system with nonlinear and linear impairments is comprehensively investigated for the first time. Results show that soft decision-based polar code is slightly affected by nonlinearity-induced non-Gaussian noise but still performs strong robustness. In the nonlinear domain of single-channel 40-Gb/s CO-OFDM at 320-km of transmission, with the help of polar code, the nonlinear tolerance is extended by 4 dB and a maximum code gain (in Q-factor) of 5.9 dB is achieved under symmetric dispersion compensation. Meanwhile, polar code significantly resists linear impairment in both nonlinear and linear domains.
Combining quantum mechanics and interatomic potential functions in ab initio studies of extended systems

The errors made when large chemical systems are replaced by small models are discussed: interrupted charge transfer, missing structure constraints, neglected long‐range interactions. A combined quantum mechanics (QM)–interatomic potential function (Pot) approach is described. Characteristic features of the QM‐Pot approach include: (1) periodic boundary conditions, (2) consistent definition of forces in the presence of link atoms that terminate the QM cluster, (3) interatomic potential functions parametrized on ab initio data and accounting for polarization effects, (4) use of reaction force fields (EVB potentials) in combination with QM methods for efficient localization of transition structures in large systems, (5) implementation as a loose coupling of existing QM and Pot engines. Comparison is made with some other hybrid QM/MM methods. Applications of the combined QM‐Pot method for ab initio modeling of the structure and reactivity of zeolite catalysts are reviewed with both protons and transition metal cations as active species. Potential functions of the ion‐pair shell‐model type available for such studies are compiled. The reliability of the method is checked by comparison with periodic ab initio studies and by examining the convergence of the results with increasing size of the QM cluster. The problems tackled are: different types of Cu+ sites in the CuZSM‐5 catalyst and their properties, acidity differences between active sites in different zeolite framework structures (energies of deprotonation, NH3 adsorption energies), and proton mobility in acidic zeolites. The combined QM‐Pot approach made possible a full ab initio prediction of reaction rates for an elementary process on the surface of solid catalysts and of how these rates differ between different catalysts with the same active site. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 21: 1470–1493, 2000
Multiple Comparisons of Repeatedly Measured Response: Issues of Validation Testing in Thorough QT/QTc Clinical Trials

In order to validate the results of a thorough QT/QTc clinical trial, ICH E14 recommended that a concurrent positive control treatment be included in the trial. Zhang (2008) recommended that the study results are validated if the positive control establishes assay sensitivity, i.e., has an effect on the mean QT/QTc interval of 5 ms or more. Zhang (2008) and Tsong et al. (2008) discussed the intersection–union test approach and an alternative global average test approach for testing assay sensitivity during the validation process. In this article, we further discuss the multiple comparison issues of the repeatedly measured QT difference between positive control treatment and placebo in the validation test. We describe and discuss several approaches for type I error rate adjustment that are applicable to the situation.
Aproximación pragmática a la teoría del juicio moral, desde la crítica a Kohlberg

El articulo presenta la critica que se hace desde una perspectiva pragmatica al modelo de desarrollo moral kohlbergiano. Para este proposito tome dos teorias complementarias que constituyen una posicion alternativa a la perspectiva deontologica de Kohlberg: por un lado, esta el trabajo de Krebs y Denton sobre el desarrollo moral, en el cual este se concibe a partir del modo como las personas resuelven los dilemas morales de la vida cotidiana, optando por realizar sus metas en el marco de unas relaciones de cooperacion; y por otro, expongo la teoria propuesta por los hermanos Dreyfus en torno a la experticia, segun la cual los seres humanos no acuden en la vida diaria a principios para enfrentar situaciones morales dilematicas, solo se apoyan en el conocimiento de una gran cantidad de ejemplos acumulados a partir de la experiencia y con los cuales fijan un determinado curso de accion.
Comparison of ES cell fate in sandwiched aggregates and co‐cultured aggregates during blastocyst formation by monitored GFP expression

Markers and the means to detect them are required to monitor the fate of living cells. However, few suitable markers for living cells were known until a green fluorescent protein (GFP) was discovered. We have established mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell lines that express mutant GFP under the chicken β‐actin (CAG) promoter. Using these cell lines, we were able to follow the migration of ES cells during blastocyst formation both in sandwiching and coculture methods, even if only a single ES cell was used. Furthermore, the contribution of ES cells to the inner cell mass (ICM) was easily estimated at the blastocyst stage. We compared sandwiching with coculture aggregation relative to the contribution of the ES cell in the ICM, and the results indicated that there was no difference in the ratios of chimeric embryos having ICM contributed from cultured ES cells. Furthermore, an aggregated single ES cell was able to contribute three or four cells to the ICM at the blastocyst stage. Thus we conclude that one, instead of two, embryos is enough to make aggregation with ES cells, and a single ES cell attached to an embryo is enough to produce germline chimeras. Moreover, we could clearly observe single cell fate during blastocyst formation. This suggests that our established cell line can be used for monitoring single cell fate in vivo. In addition, we have shown that up to five doses of 30 sec of UV irradiation using GFP filters have no effect on the embryonic development. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 52:376–382, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hölder continuity of the minimal time to reach a set for nonlinear control

In this Note, we give several new sufficient conditions for the Holder continuity of the minimal time to reach a closed set through trajectories of a given nonlinear system. When the closed set is reduced to a point this problem is equivalent to the local controllability around an equilibrium. In the case of a non singleton set, the problem is slightly different from the case of local controllability around a point.
[The risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Heilongjiang province].

OBJECTIVE To study the prevalence and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Heilongjiang province. METHODS This was a population-based and cross-sectional survey on prevalence of COPD in Heilongjiang province from September 2013 to March 2014. The stratified-cluster-random sampling method was performed to collect the data from 4 478 people in 5 cities (Jixi, Daqing, Suihua, Yichun and Jiagedaqi). The subjects were interviewed with questionnaires and tested with spirometry. A post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC<70% was defined as diagnostic of COPD. RESULTS Completed and qualified data were obtained from 4 059 participants. The average prevalence of COPD was 7.3% (urban 6.0%; rural 8.8%; men 8.6%; women 6.5%). When using SPSS18.0 for the single factors logistic regression analysis, results indicated that sex (OR = 0.700, 95%CI:0.540-0.907), age ≥ 50 (OR = 1.236, 95%CI:0.758-2.017), lower education level (OR = 1.551, 95%CI:0.929-2.590), biomass for cooking (compared with electricity, OR = 2.744, 95%CI:1.429-5.271), biomass (compared with centralized heat supply, OR = 1.229, 95%CI:0.120-12.546)and coal (compared with centralized heat supply, OR = 4.661, 95%CI:0.474-45.840) for heating, respiratory diseases (OR = 3.594, 95%CI:2.738-4.716), combined with cardiovascular disease (OR = 1.370, 95%CI:1.058-1.776) were the risk factors of COPD in Heilongjiang province. CONCLUSION Higher risk for COPD was related with sex, age, education level, cooking fuel, heating methods, respiratory diseases and combined with cardiovascular disease.
AFRICAN JOURNAL FOR THE PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDY OF SOCIAL ISSUES

Most of the existing measures of psychosocial functioning among adolescents are developed outside Lower-middle-income countries (LMIC). Measures relevant to the LMIC setting will provide opportunity to assess the functioning of adolescents in these settings based on their background or context. The Adolescents’ Psychosocial Functioning Inventory (APFI) which addresses relevant challenges and expectations of adolescents in the LMIC settings was developed to bridge this gap in knowledge. A total of 753 adolescents from purposively selected secondary schools participated in this study. Preliminary analyses were performed using descriptive statistics. The underlying factor structure of the APFI was explored using Exploratory and confirmatory Factor Analysis. Chi-square Goodness of Fit (CGF) and other fit indices were used to assess model fit. Cronbachs alpha was used to assess the reliability of the items and subscales of the APFI. The final model derived from the factor analyses yielded a 23-item three-factor model that provided the best fit to the data. Estimate of overall reliability of the APFI scale was 83 .
Uncalibrated Reconstruction Algorithm Based on Angle Restriction and Single Image for an Active Machine Vision System

In research on machine vision, the theory and technique of recovering 3D scenes are important research subjects. They have been developed from 3D reconstruction method with calibrated cameras to uncalibrated cameras. Generally speaking, in order to reconstruct a 3D scene, at least three images must be needed. These images are grabbed at three different viewpoints with a moving camera keeping its internal parameters constant. In this paper, however, it is carried out in metric space with an uncalibrated camera and a single image of the scene. It is based on active machine vision system including a color encoded pseudo-random array pattern projector. In the paper, we focus on the uncalibrated 3D reconstruction algorithm for a scene. The algorithm is divided into three steps: projection reconstruction, affine reconstruction and Euclidean reconstruction up to a scale.
Enhancement of the Antitumor Activity of Adriamycin by Tween 80

This paper describes the effect of Tween 80 on the antitumor activity and on the distribution of adriamycin in mice. The dilution of adriamycin in a 10% water solution of Tween 80 produced a significant increase of the antitumor activity in mice against ascites tumors (L1210 leukemia), disseminated leukemias (transplanted leukemias originally induced by Gross leukemia virus and Moloney leukemia virus), and solid tumors (Sarcoma 180, MS-2 sarcoma). In all these experiments the drug was administered i.v. , according to different schedules. Higher antitumor activity at the optimal dose and an increase of activity at lower doses were observed in different experimental systems. Toxicity was also slightly enhanced. Tissue distribution was studied in normal mice and in tumor-bearing mice (Gross leukemia and MS-2 sarcoma). In animals given i.v. adriamycin diluted in 10% Tween 80 there was a higher drug concentration in spleen, lung and kidney than there was in mice given the drug in a water solution. In all the other organs examined (heart, liver, small intestine) and in the MS-2 tumor tissue, no significant increase was observed. In L1210 leukemia-bearing mice, i.p. treatment with adriamycin diluted in 10% Tween 80 resulted in a significantly higher toxicity than that which resulted from treatment with adriamycin in a water solution; no increase of antitumor activity was observed.
Utilisation de modèles in vitro de la barrière hémato-encéphalique dans les phases précoces du développement de médicaments

La barriere hemato-encephalique (BHE), localisee au niveau des capillaires cerebraux, controle les echanges entre le sang et le compartiment cerebral et assure ainsi le maintien de l'homeostasie du systeme nerveux central (SNC). La presence de la BHE est un atout lors du developpement de medicament a visee peripherique. En effet, en limitant le passage de nombreuses molecules, la BHE protege le SNC des effets potentiellement neurotoxiques de ces molecules. Toutefois, l‟exposition des cellules endotheliales des capillaires cerebraux a des agents chimiques est susceptible d‟engendrer une augmentation transitoire de la permeabilite de la BHE. Cette augmentation peut perturber l‟homeostasie cerebrale et permettre l‟entree massive de molecules potentiellement neurotoxiques dans le SNC. La prise en compte de la BHE en amont de l‟etude de la neurotoxicite d‟un medicament est donc un element important. De plus, la majorite des medicaments sont utilises de facon chronique et les effets secondaires indesirables resultant d‟une administration chronique sont frequemment lies a une atteinte cerebrale. Afin de repondre a cette problematique, notre modele in vitro de BHE, qui consiste en une co-culture de cellules endotheliales de capillaires cerebraux et de cellules gliales, a ete adapte a l‟etude de la toxicite de molecules lors d‟un traitement prolonge. Les proprietes protectrices de la BHE deviennent une contrainte importante lors du developpement de medicament a visee cerebrale. En effet, la presence de la BHE explique en partie les taux de succes tres faibles des molecules lors du developpement de medicaments a visee cerebrale. Afin de limiter les taux d‟echec, il est necessaire de predire efficacement la distribution cerebrale des composes en prenant en compte la BHE. Or, il est admis que l‟effet pharmacologique est lie a la concentration libre du medicament au niveau de sa cible. Ainsi, les nouvelles approches visent a predire la concentration libre que la molecule atteindra dans le cerveau. Toutefois, les methodes existantes pour predire ce parametre reposent sur une methodologie in vivo et ne presentent pas un debit suffisant pour etre utilisees lors des phases precoces du developpement de medicaments. Une methodologie in vitro pour obtenir le ratio de concentrations libres d‟une molecule entre le cerveau et le sang a ete developpee pour repondre a ce besoin. Le travail realise a permis de developper deux methodologies in vitro. La premiere permet de predire la toxicite chronique des molecules. En predisant le ratio des concentrations libres entre le compartiment cerebral et sanguin des composes, la seconde facilite la selection des medicaments candidats lors du developpement de medicaments a visee cerebrale. Ces methodologies pourront donc contribuer a diminuer les taux d‟echecs lors des phases precliniques et cliniques du developpement de medicaments.