Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lionel Edward Aston Rowson, O.B.E. 28 May 1914 — 26 July 1989

L.E. A. Rowson was always known as Tim to his family, friends and colleagues alike. He was a veterinary surgeon who made important contributions to research in reproductive physiology in farm animals and its application to animal breeding. In particular, he was a pioneer of artificial insemination (AI) and embryo transfer, which have become two of the most important technologies for livestock improvement in modern times.He was appointed Director of the first AI centre for cattle breeding in Britain, established at Cambridge in 1942, and played a leading role in the application and rapid growth of this technology. In 1952 he contributed to the development of successful methods for the freezing and long-term storage of bull semen at very low temperatures. This had far-reaching consequences for the future of AI and cattle breeding worldwide.For thirty years he also worked at the Animal Research Station in Cambridge on methods for embryo transfer in sheep and cattle and their use in research and breeding. This culminated in the 1970s with the development of effective methods for collection and transfer of cattle embryos by non-surgical means. The birth of the first calf after transfer of a deepfrozen embryo in 1973 was another landmark, and these advances led quite quickly to the commercial application of embryo transfer in cattle breeding.Tim Rowson is generally regarded as the founder of embryo transfer in farm animals, but important contributions were made by many collaborators. He always considered that he was privileged during his early years to have worked with Dr John (later Sir John) Hammond, F.R. S. , who maintained that the function of applied science was to synthesize the detailed knowledge gained from fundamental research into a constructive whole so that it could be used for a specific purpose. Tim was a true disciple of this philosophy and always tried to relate a fundamental approach to a practical outcome.
How the complete sequencing of the domestic cat genome can benefit basic AIDS research

Mauro Pistello† & Mauro Bendinelli †Author for correspondence Retrovirus Center & Virology Section, Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Pisa Via San Zeno, 35 Pisa, I-56127, Italy Tel. : +39 050 221 3781; Fax: +39 050 221 3524; pistello@biomed.unipi. it ‘. detailed knowledge of the domestic cat genome will likely help to address many of the considerable challenges in AIDS research. ’
Adapting Integrated Dual Disorders Treatment for Inpatient Settings

ABSTRACT Integrated Dual Diagnosis Treatment (Drake et al.), an Evidence-Based Practice designed for persons with co-occurring mental illness and substance use disorders, was developed for delivery in outpatient settings and has been implemented widely in community mental health centers. Until recently, inpatient services compatible with IDDT were not available for dually diagnosed individuals who experienced psychiatric hospitalization at the onset of illness or over the course of treatment. For those individuals receiving outpatient IDDT, hospitalization could mean a disruption to gains painstakingly achieved in the community. Historically, inpatient psychiatric treatment has not been integrated with treatment for substance use nor has it been delivered by staff with expertise in both disorders. An initiative spearheaded by the Ohio Department of Mental Health (ODMH) and the Ohio Substance Abuse and Mental Illness Coordinating Center of Excellence (SAMI CCOE) to transfer the demonstrated value and success of the original outpatient IDDT model to the inpatient setting began close to three years ago. Building on the experience of some pioneering Ohio inpatient SAMI programs (Hurst, Neuzil et al, in preparation), and the experience of the SAMI CCOE and ODMH, a collaborative workgroup developed an IDDT Inpatient Adaptation protocol and fidelity index that has since been piloted at a number of sites in Ohio's Integrated Behavioral Healthcare System (IBHS). A work in progress, the IDDT Inpatient Adaptation is an important step toward providing consistent and continuous care to persons with co-occurring disorders across service delivery settings.
Society for Ear, Nose, and Throat Advances in Children

The 22nd annual meeting of the Society for Ear, Nose, and Throat Advances in Children (SENTAC) took place from December 1 through 4, 1994, in Sacramento, Calif. The conference included 3 days of scientific sessions. The society's membership includes not only otolaryngologists but also pediatricians, audiologists, and speech pathologists. The unique makeup of the society, along with a philosophy of open dialogue and sharing of knowledge, encourages active participation and discussion among the different medical specialists. Approximately 200 physicians attended. Highlights of the meeting are presented. Otoscopic Teaching Tapes. Phillip Kaleida, MD, Pittsburgh, Pa, presented an excellent teaching tool for otoscopic evaluation in his presentation "Assessment and Enhancement of Otoscopic Accuracy Using Videotape Otoendoscopic Examination. " A series of three teaching videos asks the participant to not only report the presence or absence of middle ear fluid but also identify other middle ear pathologic findings, such as cholesteatomas and retraction
Dose of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents and adverse outcomes in CKD: a metaregression analysis.

BACKGROUND Targeting higher hemoglobin levels with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) to treat the anemia of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. STUDY DESIGN Metaregression analysis examining the association of ESA dose with adverse outcomes independent of target or achieved hemoglobin level. SETTING & POPULATION Patients with anemia of CKD irrespective of dialysis status. SELECTION CRITERIA FOR STUDIES We searched MEDLINE (inception to August 2010) and bibliographies of published meta-analyses and selected randomized controlled trials assessing the efficacy of ESAs for the treatment of anemia in adults with CKD, with a minimum 3-month duration. Two authors independently screened citations and extracted relevant data. Individual study arms were treated as cohorts and constituted the unit of analysis. PREDICTORS ESA dose standardized to a weekly epoetin alfa equivalent, and hemoglobin levels. OUTCOMES All-cause and cardiovascular mortality, cardiovascular events, kidney disease progression, or transfusion requirement. RESULTS 31 trials (12,956 patients) met the criteria. All-cause mortality was associated with higher (per epoetin alfa-equivalent 10,000-U/wk increment) first-3-month mean ESA dose (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.42; 95% CI, 1.10-1.83) and higher total-study-period mean ESA dose (IRR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.02-1.18). First-3-month ESA dose remained significant after adjusting for first-3-month mean hemoglobin level (IRR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.02-2.14), as did total-study-period mean ESA dose adjusting for target hemoglobin level (IRR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.08-1.82). Parameter estimates between ESA dose and cardiovascular mortality were similar in magnitude and direction, but not statistically significant. Higher total-study-period mean ESA dose also was associated with increased rate of hypertension, stroke, and thrombotic events, including dialysis vascular access-related thrombotic events. LIMITATIONS Use of study-level aggregated data; use of epoetin alfa-equivalent doses; lack of adjustment for confounders. CONCLUSIONS In patients with CKD, higher ESA dose might be associated with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular complications independent of hemoglobin level.
Genetically Modified Organisms and Food

Genetic modification techniques have transformed the scope of biotechnology. Describes the new technology and its potential uses in the food industry. Safety is an important consideration and there are European Community and British legislative safeguards for human and environmental safety. Proposed EC legislation on novel foods, as drafted, contains equivalent provisions. There are wider questions about use of genetic modification in food and these have been addressed by a Government Committee on the Ethics of Genetic Modification and Food Use. Consideration has also been given by the Food Advisory Committee to the question of labelling.
Status of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs use and its association with chronic kidney disease: A cross‐sectional survey in China

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been reported to be associated with adverse effects including kidney injury, while relevant studies from developing countries are limited. We aimed to explore the status of NSAIDs use in China, as well as cross‐sectional association between NSAIDs intake and presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Fast food nation: the dark side of the all-American meal

An in-depth discussion of how culture and food are intertwined. We will look at culture and food as see how this gives meaning to our connection to self, community and society. We will explore why in American society we are often left feeling an unfulfilled wanting for something more and we will look at other cultures for lessons of fulfillment. The craving appears to be a relationship connection. The relationship is first inward to our own power, knowing and intuition, then to others in a compassionate connection and lastly our connection to community with spirit and collaboration. We will discuss how to enhance these three important relationship connections using mindfulness. In addition, we will explore food politics and how to use mindfulness in creating sustainable social change. We will discuss the energetic’s of food as well as the energy of relationship. You will leave the class gaining the knowledge and experience of the joy of savoring food as well as the importance of savoring life!
Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis in an Adult Patient Using an Orthodontic Appliance

El presente articulo describe un caso clinico de un paciente adulto utilizando un aparato de ortodoncia, que regreso a la consulta dental despues de la colocacion de mini-implantes ortodonticos, quejandose de aftas. Por medio de la evaluacion clinica y de historia del caso, el diagnostico de gingivoestomatitis herpetica primaria fue realizado. El tratamiento fue la prescripcion de un agente antiviral asociados con un enjuague bucal con clorhexidina. Una semana despues de su inicio, se produjo regresion completa de las lesiones.
Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae express a cysteine protease CysP, which can cleave chicken IgG into Fab and Fc.

Major poultry pathogens M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae share a gene encoding a putative cysteine protease CysP similar to papain cysteine protease (C1A subfamily). Comparison of the cysP gene sequences of 18 M. synoviae and 10 M. gallisepticum strains sequenced in this study showed polymorphisms, including deletions. Seven M. synoviae strains, including the type strain WVU 1853, had a 39 bp deletion in the 3' end of the cysP gene. In the same cysP region, all M. gallisepticum strains showed a deletion of 66 bp. Immunoblot analysis with specific antibodies demonstrated that M. synoviae strains expressed CysP, which was approximately 65 kDa. Both M. synoviae and M. gallisepticum were able to digest chicken IgG (cIgG). Incubation of cIgG (∼170 kDa) with M. synoviae or M. gallisepticum cells (∼15 h at 37 °C) resulted in a papain-like cleavage pattern of cIgG and fragments corresponding to the antigen-binding fragment of IgG (Fab, ∼45 kDa) and the crystallizable region fragment (Fc) of the IgG heavy chain (dimer of ∼60 kDa). Iodoacetamide (50 mM) prevented cleavage of cIgG by both Mycoplasma species. Following site-directed mutagenesis (eight TGA codons were changed to TGG) the cysP gene of M. synoviae ULB 925 was expressed as a His-tagged protein in a cell-free system. Purified recombinant CysP (rCysP; ∼67 kDa, pI∼8) cleaved cIgG into Fab and Fc fragments. This indicates that CysP is responsible for the cIgG cleavage caused by M. synoviae and, probably, by M. gallisepticum. This is the first evidence to our knowledge that mycoplasmas have enzymes that can cleave the host IgG and indicates a novel strategy used by M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae for prolonged survival despite the antibody response of their host.
Dietary mobile apps and their effect on nutritional indicators in chronic renal disease: A systematic review

Dietary apps for mobile technology are becoming increasingly available and can assist in recording food and fluid intake for nutrition assessment or monitoring. Patients with chronic renal disease, particularly those on dialysis, are required to make significant dietary changes. This study systematically reviews the current literature to assess whether dietary mobile apps improve dietary intake and clinical outcomes in the renal population, specifically those with chronic kidney disease levels 3–5, including dialysis. A systematic search of Medline Complete, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library was performed and supplemented by manual searches of citation and reference lists. Of the 712 studies considered, five were eligible for inclusion in this review. The quality of each included study was assessed using a Quality Criteria Checklist for Primary Research. Among five studies (two randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and three case studies/reports), none found significant changes in nutrient intake, biochemical markers or intradialytic weight gain, through the use of dietary mobile apps. The included studies show potential for clinical benefits of mobile app interventions in a renal population. However, there is a need for additional rigorous trials to demonstrate if there is a clinical benefit of mobile app interventions in this population.
Maternal protein restriction reduces perlecan at mid‐metanephrogenesis in rats

Maternal dietary protein restriction reduces nephron number in offspring and increases the risk of cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases. Perlecan is the major basement membrane/extracellular matrix heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) that plays a crucial role in nephron formation. This study was to determine whether maternal dietary protein restriction during pregnancy leads to an abnormal perlecan expression pattern during kidney development and a correlation with aberrant cell proliferation and apoptosis.
Gradient Boosted Decision Tree Classification of Endophthalmitis Versus Uveitis and Lymphoma from Aqueous and Vitreous IL-6 and IL-10 Levels.

PURPOSE To investigate the effectiveness of gradient boosting to classify endophthalmitis versus uveitis and lymphoma by intraocular cytokine levels. METHOD Patient diagnoses and aqueous and vitreous levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 were retrospectively extracted from a National Eye Institute Histopathology Core database and compared by Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc Dunn tests. A gradient-boosted decision tree classifier was trained to differentiate endophthalmitis versus uveitis and lymphoma from vitreous IL-6 and IL-10, vitreous IL-6 only, and aqueous IL-6 only data sets; and was tested with 80-20 train-test split and 3-fold cross-validation of the training set. RESULTS Seven endophthalmitis, 29 lymphoma, and 49 uveitis patients were included. IL-6 was higher in endophthalmitis than uveitis (P = 0.0713 aqueous, 0.0014 vitreous) and lymphoma (P = 0.0032 aqueous, 0.0001 vitreous). IL-10 was significantly higher in lymphoma than uveitis (P = 0.0017 aqueous, 0.0014 vitreous). Three-fold cross validation demonstrated 95% ± 5%, 95% ± 4%, and 97% ± 5% predictive accuracy for vitreous IL-6 and IL-10, vitreous IL-6 only, and aqueous IL-6 only data sets. Upon validation with the testing set, vitreous IL-6 and IL-10 and aqueous IL-6 only data sets achieved 100% predictive accuracy and vitreous IL-6 only data achieved 93% predictive accuracy with 100% sensitivity, 92% specificity, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC/AUC) of 96%. CONCLUSIONS With limited sample size, gradient boosting can differentiate endophthalmitis from uveitis and lymphoma by IL-6 and IL-10 with high sensitivity and specificity; however, a larger cohort is needed for further validation.
Effect of birth weight on adulthood renal function: A bias‐adjusted meta‐analytic approach

While the association between low birth weight (LBW; <2500 g) and development of adult chronic renal disease (CKD) is inconsistently reported, less information is available regarding association of high birth weight (HBW; ≥4000 g) with CKD. We undertook a systematic review and meta‐analysis on studies published before 30 September 2015 and report associations between birth weight and renal function. Blood (glomerular filtration rate (GFR)) and urine (microalbuminuria/albumin excreation rate (AER)/urinary albumin creatinine ratio (ACR)) parameters were used to define CKD. Three different effect size estimates were used (odds ratio, regression coefficient and mean difference). The odds of developing CKD in the life course among those born LBW was 1.77 (95% CI: 1.42, 2.20) times and 1.68 (1.27, 2.33) times, assessed by blood and urine parameters respectively. Higher risk was also observed among Asian and Australian populations (blood: OR 2.68; urine: OR 2.28), individuals aged ≤30 years (blood: OR 2.30; urine: OR 1.26), and ≥50 years (blood: OR 3.66; urine: OR 3.10), people with diabetes (blood: OR 2.51), and aborigines (urine: OR 2.32). There was no significant association between HBW and CKD. For every 1 kg increase in BW, the estimated GFR increased by 2.09 mL/min per 1.73 m2 (1.33–2.85), and it was negatively associated with LogACR (ß −0.07, 95% CI: −0.14, 0.00). LBW inborn had lower mean GFR −4.62 (−7.10, −2.14) compared with normal BW. Findings of this study suggest that LBW increased the risk of developing CKD, and HBW did not show any significant impact.
Incident ESRD and treatment-resistant hypertension: the reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke (REGARDS) study.

BACKGROUND Studies suggest that treatment-resistant hypertension is common and increasing in prevalence among US adults. Although hypertension is a risk factor for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), few data are available for the association between treatment-resistant hypertension and ESRD risk. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS We analyzed data from 9,974 REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) Study participants treated for hypertension without ESRD at baseline. PREDICTOR Treatment-resistant hypertension was defined as uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) with concurrent use of 3 antihypertensive medication classes including a diuretic or use of 4 or more antihypertensive medication classes including a diuretic regardless of BP. OUTCOME Incident ESRD was identified by linkage of REGARDS Study participants with the US Renal Data System. MEASUREMENTS During a baseline in-home study visit, BP was measured twice and classes of antihypertensive medication being taken were determined by pill bottle inspection. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 6.4 years, there were 152 incident cases of ESRD (110 ESRD cases among 2,147 with treatment-resistant hypertension and 42 ESRD cases among 7,827 without treatment-resistant hypertension). The incidence of ESRD per 1,000 person-years for hypertensive participants with and without treatment-resistant hypertension was 8.86 (95% CI, 7.35-10.68) and 0.88 (95% CI, 0.65-1.19), respectively. After multivariable adjustment, the HR for ESRD comparing hypertensive participants with versus without treatment-resistant hypertension was 6.32 (95% CI, 4.30-9.30). Of participants who developed incident ESRD during follow-up, 72% had treatment-resistant hypertension at baseline. LIMITATIONS BP, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and albuminuria assessed at a single time. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with treatment-resistant hypertension are at increased risk for ESRD. Appropriate clinical management strategies are needed to treat treatment-resistant hypertension in order to preserve kidney function in this high-risk group.
Mending a broken heart but breaking the kidney

The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent and serious complication of cardiac surgery. In 2013, 95% of cardiac surgical procedures performed in Australia and New Zealand used cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). AKI following CPB is well known, yet the perioperative factors contributing to its development are incompletely understood. AKI following CPB has significant implications on both short‐term and long‐term outcomes. The techniques for conducting CPB have evolved, moving towards evidence‐based practice; however, there is still no generally accepted definition of optimal perfusion and its conduct. This review examines the current incidence of AKI following cardiac surgery and the short‐term and longer‐term effects of AKI on morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this review is to discuss the perioperative risk factors related to CPB and their contribution to the development of AKI. This review will also discuss outcomes in regard to off‐pump cardiac surgery, the role of remote ischaemic preconditioning on AKI and outcomes in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing cardiac surgery.
Effects of a Novel Selective EP2 Receptor Agonist, Omidenepag Isopropyl, on Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Laser-Induced Ocular Hypertensive Monkeys.

PURPOSE To investigate the mechanism of the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering effect of a novel selective prostaglandin E2 receptor 2 (EP2) receptor agonist, omidenepag isopropyl (OMDI). METHODS The effect of OMDI on IOP and aqueous humor dynamics was evaluated in cynomolgus monkeys with unilateral laser-induced ocular hypertension. In a crossover manner, the hypertensive eye of each monkey was dosed once daily with 20 μL of either 0.002% OMDI or vehicle. On day 7 of dosing, IOP was measured by pneumatonometry, aqueous humor flow and outflow facility were evaluated by fluorophotometry, and uveoscleral outflow was calculated mathematically. Treatments were compared by paired t-tests. RESULTS OMDI at 0.002% significantly lowered IOP by 27%, 35%, and 44% at 0.5, 1.5, and 4 h after the last dosing, respectively. There was no difference in aqueous humor flow between vehicle and OMDI treatments. When comparing OMDI to the vehicle treatment, outflow facility and uveoscleral outflow were significantly (P < 0.05) increased by 71% and 176%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS OMDI, a novel IOP-lowering compound, reduced IOP by increasing outflow facility and uveoscleral outflow in nonhuman primates.
Effect of maternal factors on nutritional status of 1-5-year-old children in urban slum population.

Objective: To study the effect of various maternal factors on the prevalence of underweight and stunting among 1-5-year-old children in urban slum population. Design: Cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in three urban slums of Tripuri Town, Patiala. All 1-5-year children living in these slums were included, whose mother's demographic profile, weight and height were recorded. Results: Out of 482 children who participated in the study, 185 (38.38%) had low weight for age whereas 222 (46.06%) had low height for age. Both kinds of malnutrition were common in females than in males. Prevalence of malnutrition was more where mother's age was less than 20 years. Children of educated mothers were better nourished as compared to illiterate ones. Conclusion: Maternal factors significantly affect a child's nutritional status, thus encouraging the improvement in the social status of women so as to have healthy children and thereby a healthy future.