Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Partitioned Stator Switched Flux Machine: Novel Winding Configurations

Torque density is one of the major limiting factors in machine design. In this paper, we propose the hybrid excited partitioned stator switched flux machine3 (HE-PSSFM3). In HE-PSSFM3, armature winding is positioned on the outer stator whereas the permanent magnet (PM) and field winding are placed at the inner stator, while the rotor is free from excitation sources and armature winding. Moreover, concentrated field winding is replaced by toroidal winding. The power splitting ratio between two stators/rotor pole combinations is analytically optimized and are validated through genetic algorithm (GA) in order to enhance average torque and flux regulation capability. The electromagnetic characteristics of the improved and initial design are evaluated and compared with existing designs, i.e., HE-PSSFM1 and HE-PSSFM2. The proposed HE-PSSFM3 has achieved high average torque, i.e., 2.0015 Nm, at same armature and field current densities of 5 A/mm2. The results show that the average torques of the proposed design are 35% and 15% greater than HE-PSSFM1 and HE-PSSFM2, respectively. Furthermore, the analysis of various parameters such as flux linkage, flux regulation, electromagnetic performances, cogging torque, back EMF, electromagnetic torque, and torque ripples are investigated using two dimensional (2D) finite element analysis (FEA). Moreover, the simulation results of the proposed design are validated through GA and analytical modeling.
Comparing forecast systems with multiple correlation decomposition based on partial correlation

Abstract. The multiple correlation and/or regression information that two competing forecast systems have on the same observations is decomposed into four components, adapting the method of multivariate information decomposition of Williams and Beer ( 2010 ) , Wibral et al. ( 2015 ) , and Lizier et al. ( 2018 ) . Their concept is to divide source information about a target into total, (target) redundant or shared, and unique information from each source. It is applied here to the comparison of forecast systems using classic regression. Additionally, non-target redundant or shared information is newly defined that resumes the redundant information of the forecasts which is not observed. This provides views that go beyond classic correlation differences. These five terms share the same units and can be directly compared to put prediction results into perspective. The redundance terms in particular provide a new view. All components are given as maps of explained variance on the observations and for the non-target redundance on the models, respectively. Exerting this concept to lagged damped persistence is shown to be related to directed information entropy. To emphasize the benefit of the toolkit on all timescales, two analysis examples are provided. Firstly, two forecast systems of the German decadal prediction system of “Mittelfristige Klimaprognose”, namely the pre-operational version and a special version using ensemble Kalman filter for the ocean initialization, are compared. The analyses reveal the clear added value of the latter and provide an as yet unseen map of their non-target redundance. Secondly, 4 d lead forecasts from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) are compared to a simple autoregressive and/or damped persistence model. The analysis of the information partition on this timescale shows that interannual changes in damped persistence, seen as target redundance changes between forecasts and damped persistence models, are balanced by associated changes in the added value of the dynamic forecasts in the extratropics but not in the tropics.
Lessons Learned from Setting Up a Prospective, Longitudinal, Multicenter Study with Women at High Risk for Breast Cancer

Women identified with an increased risk of breast cancer due to mutations in cancer susceptibility genes or a familial history of breast cancer undergo tailored screening with the goal of detecting tumors earlier, when potential curative interventions are still possible. Ideally, screening would identify signs of carcinogenesis even before a tumor is detectable by imaging. This could be achieved by timely signaling of altered biomarker levels for precancerous processes in liquid biopsies. Currently, the Nipple Aspirate Fluid (NAF) and the Trial Early Serum Test BREAST cancer (TESTBREAST), both ongoing, prospective, multicenter studies, are investigating biomarkers in liquid biopsies to improve breast cancer screening in high-risk women. The NAF study focuses on changes over time in miRNA expression levels both in blood and NAF samples, whereas the TESTBREAST study analyzes changes in protein levels in blood samples at sequential interval timepoints. These within-subject changes are studied in relation to later occurrence of breast cancer using a nested case–control design. These longitudinal studies face their own challenges in execution, such as hindrances in logistics and in sample processing that were difficult to anticipate. This article offers insight into those challenges and concurrently aims to provide useful strategies for the set-up of similar studies. See related commentary by Sauter, p. 429
A3 CLNN: Spatial, Spectral and Multiscale Attention ConvLSTM Neural Network for Multisource Remote Sensing Data Classification

The problem of effectively exploiting the information multiple data sources has become a relevant but challenging research topic in remote sensing. In this article, we propose a new approach to exploit the complementarity of two data sources: hyperspectral images (HSIs) and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data. Specifically, we develop a new dual-channel spatial, spectral and multiscale attention convolutional long short-term memory neural network (called dual-channel $A^{3}$ CLNN) for feature extraction and classification of multisource remote sensing data. Spatial, spectral, and multiscale attention mechanisms are first designed for HSI and LiDAR data in order to learn spectral- and spatial-enhanced feature representations and to represent multiscale information for different classes. In the designed fusion network, a novel composite attention learning mechanism (combined with a three-level fusion strategy) is used to fully integrate the features in these two data sources. Finally, inspired by the idea of transfer learning, a novel stepwise training strategy is designed to yield a final classification result. Our experimental results, conducted on several multisource remote sensing data sets, demonstrate that the newly proposed dual-channel $A^{\,3}$ CLNN exhibits better feature representation ability (leading to more competitive classification performance) than other state-of-the-art methods.
Denitrifying community structure variability in the Colombian Pacific

Denitrifying communities were detected in the water column of the Colombian Pacific Basin, with oxygen levels between 6 and 56 µM. They were analyzed by Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (TRFLP) of functional genes nitrite reductase ( nir S) and nitrous oxide reductase ( nos Z), and by pyrosequencing the gene nos Z. These genes are responsible for the production and consumption of the greenhouse gas N 2 O. The TRFLP analysis indicated that throughout the Colombia current, the composition of the nir S-type denitrifying community was more homogeneous than the nos Z-type community. The nos Z-type community presented the highest richness (up to 11 TRF) and diversity (Simpson Index 1/D = 4.85 and Shannon Index = 0.76) of terminal restriction fragments, as well as the higher richness of operational taxonomic units-OTUs (up to 71), obtained via pyrosequencing. Out of 84% of OTUs, 48% were assigned to the genus Pseudomonas , and 36% to environmental clones. These results indicate the presence of a nir S-community inhabiting the Colombian Pacific Basin, with low diversity and mostly restricted within 300 m depth. The nos Z-community showed similar richness and diversity of TRFs and OTUs to that reported for the South Pacific Ocean. These results demonstrate that although both denitrifying communities are present in the area, these communities differ in structure and dominance compared to previous reports for other denitrifying microorganisms.
The effects of hamstring training methods on muscle viscoelastic properties in healthy young individuals

This study investigated the effects of hamstring training methods on the passive viscoelastic properties of hamstring and quadriceps muscles and the relationship of these properties to lower extremity power, hamstring flexibility, and agility. A total of forty healthy individuals were recruited for this study. Participants performed Nordic hamstring exercises (n = 14), hamstring curl exercises (n = 14), or received neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES; n = 13) for eight weeks. Measurements were taken both before and one week after the interventions of the viscoelastic properties of hamstring and quadriceps muscles, strength, flexibility, agility, and lower extremity power. Nordic hamstring exercises increased hamstring muscle elasticity while decreasing quadriceps and hamstring muscle stiffness; whereas leg curl exercises increased quadriceps and hamstring muscle stiffness while decreasing quadriceps muscle tone (P < .05). Both strengthening methods increased agility, hamstring flexibility, and vertical jump. NMES produced no noticeable effects. Eccentric and concentric training methods had inverse effects on both hamstring and quadriceps muscles’ viscoelastic parameters, but had similar improvements on performance parameters. Since changes in viscoelastic parameters of muscle could affect musculotendinous systems’ compliance, clinicians should consider viscoelastic properties over performance parameters, when prescribing concentric or eccentric exercises.
A Wireless Magnetic Resonance Device for Optogenetic Applications in an Animal Model

The currents of optical stimulation devices with tethered or untethered systems have various disadvantages, including optical fiber breakage, disrupted animal movements, heavy batteries carried on heads, and high-frequency electromagnetic impacts. Our novel wireless remote control was developed to address these issues. The novel wireless device uses a magnetic resonance technique to modify the deficits of the conventional magnetic induction or radio-frequency power sources. The present device emits a strong and steady electromagnetic power. It is cheaper than previous versions, and the receiver coil on its head is very light (≦ 1 g). For the present wireless remote-controlled device, the electromagnetic field’s range (i.e., +5 cm and −5 cm of the outside coil) is larger than the range for the magnetic induction and radio-frequency power sources. The present device controls animals’ behavior by the electromagnetic field’s effective range via photostimulation. The novel wireless remote-controlled device with a magnetic resonance technique can be applied in many behavioral tasks in mice and rats. To avoid the adverse effects of high radio frequency and to extend the electromagnetic field’s range, this novel technique serves as a helpful tool to modulate the neuronal activity of target neurons in specific brain areas for optogenetic experiments.
Effect of carbendazim on in vitro conservation and genetic stability assessment in Curcuma longa. and Zingiber officinale

ABSTRACT In vitro multiplication and conservation protocol for Curcuma longa and Zingiber officinale using 25–100 mg L−1 carbendazim in MS basal and MS hormone medium was developed. Maximum enhancement in shoot proliferation was recorded on MS hormone supplemented with carbendazim at 25 mg L−1 giving in vitro conservation period of 6–12 months. Tissue culture derived one-year old field-grown turmeric plants showed normal vegetative growth and rhizomes formation. After 3 years of in vitro conservation, no differences were observed in plants conserved on BB25 medium and control for quantitative and qualitative traits and at genetic level as evidenced by SRAP profiles of turmeric and RAPD profiles of ginger.
Is Artificial Man Still Far Away: Anthropomimetic Robots Versus Robomimetic Humans

The article presents a viewpoint on the current status and limitations of humanoid robotics and possible future progress. It may be seen as a continuation of the article “How far away is artificial man? ” published in 2001 by a group of authors, among them the author of the present text, in IEEE Robotics &Automation Magazine (IEEE RAM). The previous article defined three key aspects of advanced humanoids, namely human-like shape and motion, intelligence, and communication. The current article discusses the situation 18 years later and takes note of the trend towards biologically inspired solutions to technical problems. It might appear to put forward controversial ideas, but the author believes they are realistic observations and constitute a frank presentation of apparent tendencies. The author argues that the crucial breakthrough towards an “artificial man” has not yet been made, as formidable challenges remain and cannot be overcome easily in the near future. On the other hand, the question arises: After unsuccessful attempts to solve robotic problems by designing technical systems that increasingly imitate humans, can we finally drop out of engineering and completely turn to biology and look for solutions there? This controversial idea means artificial creation and mass production of human beings that behave like robots, i.e., robomimetic humans. The article is a brief reality check of this concept.
Modelling the impacts of semi-intensive aquaculture on the foodweb functioning of a Nile Delta coastal lake

Nutrient loadings are an important component of aquaculture impacts as they can lead to cascade effects at the ecosystem level. An evaluation of these effects on foodweb functioning is presented and discussed for the case study of Lake Burullus in the Nile Delta, Egypt, where semi-intensive aquaculture in earthen ponds has grown remarkably in recent decades. Estimations of nutrient loads into the lake's brackish water, from agriculture and fish ponds, were assessed. A biogeochemical model was set up and calibrated to simulate the loads from nitrogen, phosphorus and phytoplankton, with and without fish ponds. The biogeochemical model was coupled offline to a foodweb model to test the effects of additional nutrient loads from aquaculture on the lake's foodweb functioning. The results obtained by comparing the present conditions of aquaculture development with a no-aquaculture scenario allowed us to identify a set of indicators of foodweb functioning which are sensitive to changes in nutrient loads from aquaculture. The limited changes in phytoplankton concentration with respect to changes in nutrient loads suggested that primary production in Lake Burullus is presently controlled largely by factors other than nutrient influxes from aquaculture. This study emphasises the potential benefits of using a combination of biogeochemical and foodweb models to assess the cumulative effects of nutrient loading from aquaculture on a receiving water body.
Crosstalk of Hedgehog and mTORC1 Pathways

Hedgehog (Hh) signaling and mTOR signaling, essential for embryonic development and cellular metabolism, are both coordinated by the primary cilium. Observations from cancer cells strongly indicate crosstalk between Hh and mTOR signaling. This hypothesis is supported by several studies: Evidence points to a TGFβ-mediated crosstalk; Increased PI3K/AKT/mTOR activity leads to increased Hh signaling through regulation of the GLI transcription factors; increased Hh signaling regulates mTORC1 activity positively by upregulating NKX2.2, leading to downregulation of negative mTOR regulators; GSK3 and AMPK are, as members of both signaling pathways, potentially important links between Hh and mTORC1 signaling; The kinase DYRK2 regulates Hh positively and mTORC1 signaling negatively. In contrast, both positive and negative regulation of Hh has been observed for DYRK1A and DYRK1B, which both regulate mTORC1 signaling positively. Based on crosstalk observed between cilia, Hh, and mTORC1, we suggest that the interaction between Hh and mTORC1 is more widespread than it appears from our current knowledge. Although many studies focusing on crosstalk have been carried out, contradictory observations appear and the interplay involving multiple partners is far from solved.
Y-27632 Induces Neurite Outgrowth by Activating the NOX1-Mediated AKT and PAK1 Phosphorylation Cascades in PC12 Cells

Y-27632 is known as a selective Rho-associated coiled coil-forming kinase (ROCK) inhibitor. Y-27632 has been shown to induce neurite outgrowth in several neuronal cells. However, the precise molecular mechanisms linking neurite outgrowth to Y-27632 are not completely understood. In this study, we examined the ability of Y-27632 to induce neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells and evaluated the signaling cascade. The effect of Y-27632 on the neurite outgrowth was inhibited by reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers such as N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and trolox. Furthermore, Y-27632-induced neurite outgrowth was not triggered by NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) knockdown or diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), a NOX inhibitor. Suppression of the Rho-family GTPase Rac1, which is under the negative control of ROCK, with expression of the dominant negative Rac1 mutant (Rac1N17) prevented Y-27632-induced neurite outgrowth. Moreover, the Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 prevented Y-27632-induced AKT and p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) activation. AKT inhibition with MK2206 suppressed Y-27632-induced PAK1 phosphorylation and neurite outgrowth. In conclusion, our results suggest that Rac1/NOX1-dependent ROS generation and subsequent activation of the AKT/PAK1 cascade contribute to Y-27632-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells.
Description of Essential Fatty Acids (Omega-3&6&9) from Different Sources

Essential fatty acids so important to our body so this study focused on advantages and benefits of these supplements sources, as known omega 3&6&9 extracted from different sources, moreover using some Techniques to enhance the concentration and stabilisation of omega-3&6&9 fatty acids for applying into food and beverage products. EPA – DHA Oily fishes such as Cod Liver considered source of omega-3, however LA – AA Soybean oil, Corn oil / Peanut Oil, Meat, Eggs are sources of omega-6, Oleic acid – Canola oil, Sunflower Oil, and Almonds respectively counted sources of omega-9.
Patients’ perceptions of safety in emergency medical services: an interview study

Background Research on patient safety in emergency medical services (EMS) has mainly focused on the organisation’s and/or the EMS personnel’s perspective. Little is known about how patients perceive safety in EMS. This study aims to describe the patients’ experiences of their sense of safety in EMS. Methods A qualitative design with individual interviews of EMS patients (n=21) and an inductive qualitative content analysis were used. Results Patients’ experiences of EMS personnel’s ability or inability to show or use their medical, technical and driving skills affected the patients’ sense of safety. When they perceived a lack of professionalism and knowledge among EMS personnel, they felt unsafe. Patients highlighted equality in the encounter, the quality of the information given by EMS personnel and the opportunity to participate in their care as important factors creating a sense of safety during the EMS encounter. Altogether, patients’ perceptions of safety in EMS were connected to their confidence in the EMS personnel. Conclusions Overall, patients felt safe during their EMS encounter, but the EMS personnel’s professional competence alone is not enough for them to feel safe. Lack of communication or professionalism may compromise their sense of safety. Further work is needed to explore how patients’ perceptions of safety can be used in improving safety in EMS.
The Freeze-Drying of Foods—The Characteristic of the Process Course and the Effect of Its Parameters on the Physical Properties of Food Materials

Freeze-drying, also known as lyophilization, is a process in which water in the form of ice under low pressure is removed from a material by sublimation. This process has found many applications for the production of high quality food and pharmaceuticals. The main steps of the freeze-drying process, such as the freezing of the product and primary and secondary drying, are described in this paper. The problems and mechanisms of each step of the freeze-drying process are also analyzed. The methods necessary for the selection of the primary and secondary end processes are characterized. The review contains a description of the effects of process conditions and the selected physical properties of freeze-dried materials, such as structural properties (shrinkage and density porosity), color, and texture. The study shows that little attention is given to the mechanical properties and texture of freeze-dried materials obtained from different conditions of the lyophilization process.
Snacks and The City: Unexpected Low Sales of an Easy-Access, Tasty, and Healthy Snack at an Urban Snacking Hotspot

While many people declare an intention to eat and snack more healthily, a large body of research has found that these intentions often do not translate into actual behavior. This failure to fulfil intentions is regularly attributed to the obesogenic environment, on which basis it is assumed that changing the food environment may lead to more healthy snacking behavior. To test this premise in real life practice, the present research project investigated whether making a healthy snack easy-to-access in an urban environment characterized by unhealthy snacking would support people in their intentions of purchasing more healthy snacks. The urban snack project consisted of three phases. In Phase 1, a hotspot location for unhealthy snacking was determined by using a Global Positioning System to track people’s snacking locations and a survey to verify the location. In Phase 2, an attractive snack was developed that met consumers’ criteria of what constituted a healthy and tasty snack, together with corresponding branding that also included a small food truck from which to sell the newly developed snacks. In Phase 3, the snack was sold from the food truck located at the previously determined unhealthy snacking hotspot. We counted the number of snacks sold and canvassed people’s opinions about the snack and its branding, finding that in spite of people’s appreciation for the snack, the food truck, and the branding, actual sales of the snack were very low. In the Discussion, we name predominant eating and purchasing habits as possible reasons for these low sales. Future research could focus on placing the healthy snack directly beside people’s habitual snack purchase location to ensure that the new choice gets better recognized. Overall, the findings suggest that merely placing healthy snacks more prominently in people’s food environment is not sufficient to lead people to snack more healthily.
Silicon Photonic Polarization Multiplexing Sensor with Both Large Range and High Resolution

A silicon photonic polarization multiplexing (PM) sensor featuring both a large range and a high resolution is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The sensor includes a Fabry–Pérot (FP) resonator and a microring resonator (MRR) functioning as the sensing parts. With PM technology, the FP resonator only works on the transverse-electric mode while the MRR only on the transverse-magnetic mode. Thus, the proposed sensor can simultaneously achieve a large range with a short FP resonator and a high resolution with a high-Q MRR. Measured results show a range of 113 °C and a resolution of 0.06 °C for temperature sensing, and a range of 0.58 RIU (refractive index unit) with the resolution of 0.002 RIU for analyte refractive index sensing.