Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ethic in Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games

Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game more known as MMORPG is a popular type of game played all over the globe. While being online people tend to change and so do their attitudes. But even there the concept of ethic exists and there are rules that should be followed. Even while still being a game, it is based on social activities and just like in society, code of conduct applies and misbehavior should be punished. This paper analyzes player interaction in online games and if there exist ethical behavior in MMORPGs environment.
Malarial fever: Hemozoin is involved but Toll-free

The gospel of Matthew (chapter 8, verse 14) reports that “Peter's mother-in-law was sick of the fever,” and many commentaries think that this close relative of the apostle living in the Galilee ≈2,000 years ago was suffering from malaria. The main characteristic of malaria is fever, and periodic fevers have been reported even >3,000 years ago in early Chinese, Chaldean, Hindu, Egyptian, and Greek writings (1, 2). It is likely that some, although surely not all of them, were malarial. Major discoveries in the late 19th century by Laveran (identifying Plasmodium as the pathogen causing malaria) and by Ross (describing the life cycle of the parasite and mosquitoes as the vector) led to advances in partially controlling this devastating disease. It is, however, still affecting ≈400 million people worldwide, and its complications, such as cerebral malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum, still have a high mortality rate (3). The pathophysiology of the host–parasite interaction and, particularly, the mechanism of fever induction in malaria until recently has been far from being understood. However, knowledge of the malaria pathology is urgently needed to potentially develop novel intervention strategies to efficiently reduce the high disease burden causing >2 million deaths per year. In this issue of PNAS, Parroche et al. (4) report on a novel mechanism that the host uses to recognize Plasmodium DNA via the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9, which may be a key step for inducing fever during this disease. These findings reveal an important mechanism of disease pathophysiology that may also apply to other microbial diseases.
The Effect of Darkness on Visual Reaction Time and its Physiological Basis

Car accidents are a leading cause of death that primarily occur at night. There are many characteristics of night time driving that have been proposed to explain this phenomenon. Our group set out to determine if reaction time was one of the factors that were affected by darkness. Darkness has been known to cause stress and result in a sympathetic arousal that can enhance various physiological variables. Specifically, we predicted there would be increased heart rate, respiration rate, and sweat production while in dark conditions compared to light conditions. This increase in physiological response, we hypothesize, would result in a quicker reaction time in the dark compared to in the light. Subjects performed a reaction time test, under light and dark conditions, while their respiration rate, sweat production, and heart rate were measured. After testing twenty individuals (n=20) our results showed that there was no significant difference in the mean reaction time or any of the physiological variables when going from light to dark. Our results suggest that darkness alone is not sufficient to elevate the physiological responses associated with a sympathetic response and does not change reaction time, indicating that other factors are responsible for elevated car accidents at night.
The effects of melatonin on bovine uniparental embryos development in vitro and the hormone secretion of COCs

Melatonin is a unique multifunctional molecule that mediates reproductive functions in animals. In this study, we investigated the effects of melatonin on bovine parthenogenetic and androgenetic embryonic development, oocyte maturation, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in parthenogenetic and androgenetic embryos and cumulus—oocyte complexes (COCs) hormone secretion with melatonin supplementation at four concentrations (0, 10, 20, and 30 pmol/mL), respectively. The results showed that melatonin significantly promoted the rates of bovine parthenogenetic and androgenetic embryonic cleavage and morula and blastocysts development (P < 0.05). The rate of cleavage was higher in the androgenetic embryo than that in the parthenogenetic embryo. Compared with the parthenogenetic embryos, the androgenetic embryos had a poor developmental competence from morula to blastocyst stage. Moreover, the levels of ROS were significantly lower in the parthenogenetic and androgenetic embryoes with melatonin-treated group than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Melatonin supplemented significantly increased the maturation rate of oocyte in vitro (P < 0.05). More importantly, melatonin significantly promoted the secretion of progesterone and estradiol by COCs (P < 0.05). To reveal the regulatory mechanism of melatonin on steroids synthesis, we found that steroidogenic genes (CYP11A1, CYP19A1 and StAR) were upregulated, suggesting that melatonin regulated estradiol and progesterone secretion through mediating the expression of steroidogenic genes (CYP11A1, CYP19A1 and StAR). In addition, MT1 and MT2 were identified in bovine early parthenogenetic and androgenetic embryos using western blot. It could be concluded that melatonin had beneficial effects on bovine oocyte in vitro maturation, COC hormone secretion, early development of subsequent parthenogenetic and androgenetic embryos. It is inferred that melatonin could be used to enhance the efficiency of in vitro developed embryos.
Investigation on decoding failure probability in erasure network coded channels

In this paper wireless communications network is considered to transmit source information to destination. N number sources transmitting data to a destination receiver, through M relays nodes by employing random linear network coding (RLNC). Two methods of failure decoding probability on performance of wireless communication are explained and discussed in this paper. The major parameter that will impact on the decoding probability of RLNC are quantity of relays, a finite field size, and erasure probability. The comparison of two old bounds method (Seong's approach) and new bounds method (from Khan's approach) is explored in this research. Simulation results, shows that new bounds method on probability of decoding failure having better simulation results compared to old bound method. It is also concluded that calculating the bounds of the decoding probability is an easy method to analyze failure decoding probability compared to Chiasserini's approach method which is based on network coded matrix.
Antimicrobial activity of a nisin‐activated plastic film for food packaging

Aims: To determine the effectiveness of a packaging film coated with nisin to inhibit Micrococcus luteus ATCC 10240 in tryptone soya broth (TSB) and the microbiota of raw milk during storage. A further aim was to examine the release of nisin from the activated film.
Perceptions of heatwave risks to health: interview-based study of older people in London and Norwich, UK.

BACKGROUND Most projections of climate change suggest an increased frequency of heatwaves in England over coming decades; older people are at particular risk. This could result in substantial mortality and morbidity. OBJECTIVE To determine elderly people's knowledge and perceptions of heat-related risks to health, and of protective behaviours. METHODS Semi-structured interviews: 73 men and women, 72-94 years, living in their own homes in London and Norwich, UK. RESULTS Few respondents considered themselves either old or at risk from the effects of heat, even though many had some form of relevant chronic illness; they did recognize that some medical conditions might increase risks in others. Most reported that they had taken appropriate steps to reduce the effects of heat. Some respondents considered it appropriate for the government to take responsibility for protecting vulnerable people, but many thought state intervention was unnecessary, intrusive and unlikely to be effective. Respondents were more positive about the value of appropriately disseminated advice and solutions by communities themselves. CONCLUSION The Heatwave Plan should consider giving greater emphasis to a population-based information strategy, using innovative information dissemination methods to increase awareness of vulnerability to heat among the elderly and to ensure clarity about behaviour modification measures.
Voice conversion-based multilingual to polyglot speech synthesizer for Indian languages

A multilingual text-to-speech (TTS) system synthesizes speech signal in multiple languages for a given text, that is intelligible to human listener. However, given a mixed language text to the system, the synthesized output is observed to have speaker switching at the language switching points, which is annoying to the listeners. To overcome this switching effect, a polyglot speech synthesizer is developed, which generates synthesized speech in multiple languages with single voice identity. This can be achieved by inherent voice conversion during synthesis or by using voice conversion to convert the multilingual speech corpus to polyglot speech corpus and then perform synthesis. In this work, the polyglot speech corpus is obtained using Gaussian mixture model (GMM)-based cross-lingual voice conversion technique and a polyglot speech synthesizer for Indian languages is developed using hidden Markov model (HMM)- based synthesis technique. Here, the speech data collected from the native speakers for the Indian languages namely, Telugu, Malayalam, and Hindi are converted to have the voice identity of the native Tamil speaker. Building a HMM-based synthesizer using the obtained polyglot corpus enables the system to synthesize speech for any given text in any language or mixed language text. The performance of the polyglot speech synthesizer is evaluated for the similarity of the synthesized speech to the source or target speaker by performing ABX listening test. The scores obtained shows that the percentage of similarity to the target Tamil speaker varies from 73% to 86%. Further the performance of the system is analyzed for speaker switching.
The pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disorder of uncertain aetiology, which affects between 6 and 10% of women of the reproductive age. The heterogeneity of both the ovarian morphology and clinical findings in women with polycystic ovaries has been well recognized since Stein & Leventhal’s (1935) first report and gradually led to the establishment of the term polycystic ovary syndrome. The many features of this syndrome can be broadly divided into three categories: clinical, endocrine and metabolic. The clinical features include menstrual abnormalities, hirsutism, acne, alopecia, anovulatory infertility and recurrent miscarriages. The endocrine features include elevated androgens, luteinizing hormone, oestrogen and prolactin levels. The metabolic aspects of this syndrome include insulin resistance, obesity, lipid abnormalities and an increased risk for impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM). Controversy persists regarding the criteria used for PCOS diagnosis. Currently, the recommended diagnostic criteria for PCOS are hyperandrogenism and ovulatory dysfunction with the exclusion of specific disorders, such as nonclassic adrenal 21hydroxylase deficiency, Cushing’s syndrome, hyperprolactinaemia and androgen-producing tumours. This clinical definition reflects a 1990 National Institutes of Health–National Institute of Child Health and Development Consensus Conference (Zawadeski & Dunaif, 1992) in which there was poor agreement among the 58 specialists who completed a questionnaire on the diagnostic criteria for PCOS, with no single criterion endorsed as ‘definite or probable’ by more than 64% of respondents. Interestingly, the conclusion of this meeting was that the polycystic ovary morphology is consistent with, but not essential for, the diagnosis of the syndrome. Sonographic criteria for polycystic ovaries have been refined with advances in technology (Fox, 1999; Atiomo et al ., 2000) and transvaginal ultrasound is currently the gold standard for diagnosing polycystic ovaries. Using the most conservative criteria based on transabdominal ultrasound, the presence of 10 or more cysts, 2–8 mm in diameter, arranged either peripherally around a dense core of stroma or scattered throughout an increased amount of stroma (Adams et al ., 1985), up to 23% of normal volunteer women meet the sonographic criteria for polycystic ovaries (Clayton et al ., 1992). On the other hand, many investigators have maintained that ovaries from women with PCOS may be sonographically normal (Hann et al ., 1984; Timor-Tritsch & Rottem, 1998). Thus, the ovarian morphological changes must be distinguished from the endocrine syndrome of PCOS and be considered as a sign rather and not a disease.
Cdc42/Rho GTPases in fungi: variations on a common theme

Cdc42/Rho GTPases are universally important regulators of cellular morphogenesis. Whereas their functions are well characterized in budding yeast, they are only beginning to be understood in filamentous fungi. The recent systematic analysis of Cdc42, Rac1 and Rho function in Aspergillus niger provides the first global perspective on their respective roles in hyphal morphogenesis. Surprisingly, the partitioning of these roles between Cdc42 and Rac1 seems to vary even among related fungi. These observations highlight the variable use of a common signalling module in filamentous fungi.
Management of varices and variceal hemorrhage in cirrhosis.

Gastroesophageal varices are present at diagnosis in almost half of patients with cirrhosis, and variceal hemorrhage continues to be a lethal complication of cirrhosis. This review explains the three main challenges in clinical management: primary prophylaxis to prevent a first episode of hemorrhage, the treatment of acute bleeding episodes, and secondary prophylaxis to prevent recurrence of variceal hemorrhage.
Minimum daily dose of progesterone and plasma concentration for maintenance of pregnancy in ovariectomized gilts.

The minimum quantity of estrogen and progesterone necessary to maintain pregnancy in ovariectomized gilts was determined by removing the ovaries and inserting in the abdominal cavity silicone rubber capsules containing progesterone alone, or progesterone and estradiol 17-p. Pregnancy was maintained in ovariectomized gilts with a dose of progesterone as low as 28.6 mg/day. Administration of 5 g of estradiol 17-p daily with the progesterone had no beneficial, nor adverse effect. No ovarian estrogen was necessary after day 10 for maintenance of pregnancy. The concentrations of progesterone in the peripheral plasma on days 45 and 60 of gestation in one intact gilt were 15.3 and 16.7 ng/ml, respectively, whereas, in six ovariectomized guts with progesterone implants the mean concentration was 6.0 ± 0.9 ng/ml on either day. A concentration of 4 ng/ml of progesterone in the peripheral plasma appeared to be minimal for maintenance of pregnancy. Spontaneous parturition did not occur at the expected time in ovariectomized guts. The usual signs associated with parturition, such as growth and swelling of the mammary glands and vulva, were completely absent. Five live and apparently normal piglets were delivered surgically from each of two ovariectomized gifts on days 114 and 121 of gestation, respectively.
Microbiological and Geochemical Heterogeneity in an In Situ Uranium Bioremediation Field Site

ABSTRACT The geochemistry and microbiology of a uranium-contaminated subsurface environment that had undergone two seasons of acetate addition to stimulate microbial U(VI) reduction was examined. There were distinct horizontal and vertical geochemical gradients that could be attributed in large part to the manner in which acetate was distributed in the aquifer, with more reduction of Fe(III) and sulfate occurring at greater depths and closer to the point of acetate injection. Clone libraries of 16S rRNA genes derived from sediments and groundwater indicated an enrichment of sulfate-reducing bacteria in the order Desulfobacterales in sediment and groundwater samples. These samples were collected nearest the injection gallery where microbially reducible Fe(III) oxides were highly depleted, groundwater sulfate concentrations were low, and increases in acid volatile sulfide were observed in the sediment. Further down-gradient, metal-reducing conditions were present as indicated by intermediate Fe(II)/Fe(total) ratios, lower acid volatile sulfide values, and increased abundance of 16S rRNA gene sequences belonging to the dissimilatory Fe(III)- and U(VI)-reducing family Geobacteraceae. Maximal Fe(III) and U(VI) reduction correlated with maximal recovery of Geobacteraceae 16S rRNA gene sequences in both groundwater and sediment; however, the sites at which these maxima occurred were spatially separated within the aquifer. The substantial microbial and geochemical heterogeneity at this site demonstrates that attempts should be made to deliver acetate in a more uniform manner and that closely spaced sampling intervals, horizontally and vertically, in both sediment and groundwater are necessary in order to obtain a more in-depth understanding of microbial processes and the relative contribution of attached and planktonic populations to in situ uranium bioremediation.
Rating news documents for similarity

Electronic news has long held the promise of personalized and dynamic delivery of current event news items, particularly for web users. Although electronic versions of print news are now widely available, the personalization of that delivery has not yet been accomplished. In this paper, we present a methodology of associating news documents based on the extraction of feature phrases, where feature phrases identify dates, locations, people, and organizations. A news representation is created from these feature phrases to define news objects that can then be compared and ranked to find related news items. Unlike traditional information retrieval, we are much more interested in precision than recall. That is, the user would like to see one or more specifically related articles, rather than all somewhat related articles. The algorithm is designed to work interactively with the user using regular web browsers as the interface.
Status of light scalar mesons as non-ordinary mesons

In this talk I briefly review the status of the f(0)(500) and f(0)(980) together with the other light scalar resonances, as well as the emerging picture of a non-ordinary light meson multiplet, paying particular attention to unitarized Chiral Perturbation Theory, large N-c, semi-local duality and Regge theory arguments.
[A clinico-morphological assessment of the efficacy of sodium hypochlorite in the combined therapy of periodontitis].

1 percent sodium hypochlorite solution was used to induce full-value gingival regeneration. The drug was applied to the surgical wound for 10 min during radical gingivo-osteoplasty according to V. A. Kiselev. Morphologic examination of gingival biopsy specimens carried out 2 months after surgery has shown not only epithelial structure recovery, but recovery of the connective-tissue gingival base as well, no cellular infiltrates, whereas the controls developed only epithelial recovery and connective-tissue base fibrous structures were represented by coarse collagen fibre bundles, cellular element accumulations (infiltrates) were seen. Due to a favorable course of the postoperative period patients' invalidity periods were cut down 2.5-fold.
Comparative Genomics of an Unusual Biogeographic Disjunction in the Cotton Tribe (Gossypieae) Yields Insights into Genome Downsizing

Abstract Long-distance insular dispersal is associated with divergence and speciation because of founder effects and strong genetic drift. The cotton tribe (Gossypieae) has experienced multiple transoceanic dispersals, generating an aggregate geographic range that encompasses much of the tropics and subtropics worldwide. Two genera in the Gossypieae, Kokia and Gossypioides, exhibit a remarkable geographic disjunction, being restricted to the Hawaiian Islands and Madagascar/East Africa, respectively. We assembled and use de novo genome sequences to address questions regarding the divergence of these two genera from each other and from their sister-group, Gossypium. In addition, we explore processes underlying the genome downsizing that characterizes Kokia and Gossypioides relative to other genera in the tribe. Using 13,000 gene orthologs and synonymous substitution rates, we show that the two disjuncts last shared a common ancestor ∼5 Ma, or half as long ago as their divergence from Gossypium. We report relative stasis in the transposable element fraction. In comparison to Gossypium, there is loss of ∼30% of the gene content in the two disjunct genera and a history of genome-wide accumulation of deletions. In both genera, there is a genome-wide bias toward deletions over insertions, and the number of gene losses exceeds the number of gains by ∼2- to 4-fold. The genomic analyses presented here elucidate genomic consequences of the demographic and biogeographic history of these closest relatives of Gossypium, and enhance their value as phylogenetic outgroups.
Efficient flooding for wireless ad hoc networks with directional antennas

In wireless ad hoc networks, the flooding operation is an important utility function. To solve the broadcast storm problem, some efficient flooding schemes have been proposed. However, there also exist many problems in these schemes, such as signal collision. In this paper, we propose an efficient flooding algorithm called EFDA based on the algorithm proposed in [1] (we reference the algorithm as EF1). Through theoretical analysis, our algorithm doesn't affect the local optimality gained by EF1. We have implemented our algorithm in ns-2 simulator, and the results show that exploiting directional antenna can reduce the number of signal collisions and our algorithm achieves better performance than pure flooding and EF1 due to smaller number of signal collisions.
Conjugate Heat transfer over an Unsteady Stretching Sheet Mixed Convection with Magnetic Effect

A conjugate heat transfer for steady two-dimensional mixed convection with magnetic hydrodynamic (MHD) flow of an incompressible quiescent fluid over an unsteady thermal forming stretching sheet has been studied. A parameter, M, which is used to represent the dominance of the magnetic effect has been presented in governing equations. The similar transformation and an implicit finite-difference method have been used to analyze the present problem. The numerical solutions of the flow velocity distributions, temperature profiles, the wall unknown values of f''(0) and ' (0) θ for calculating the heat transfer of the similar boundary-layer flow are carried out as functions of the unsteadiness parameter (S), the Prandtl number (Pr), the space-dependent parameter (A) and temperature-dependent parameter (B) for heat source/sink and the magnetic parameter (M). The effects of these parameters have also discussed. At the results, it will produce greater heat transfer effect with a larger Pr and M, S, A, B will reduce heat transfer effects. At last, conjugate heat transfer for the free convection with a larger G has a good heat transfer effect better than a smaller G=0. Keywords—Finite-difference method, Conjugate heat transfer, Unsteady Stretching Sheet, MHD, Mixed convection.