Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SEQUENCE-INDEXED LINEAR-TIME TEMPORAL LOGIC: PROOF SYSTEM AND APPLICATION

We propose a proof system for reasoning on certain specifications of secure authentication systems. For this purpose, a new logic, sequence-indexed linear-time temporal logic (SLTL), is obtained semantically from standard linear-time temporal logic (LTL) by adding a sequence modal operator that represents a sequence of symbols. By this sequence modal operator, we can appropriately express message flows between clients and servers and states of servers in temporal reasoning. A Gentzen-type sequent calculus for SLTL is introduced, and the completeness and cut-elimination theorems for it are proved. SLTL is also shown to be PSPACE-complete and embeddable into LTL.
The Temporal Relationship Between Exercise, Recovery Processes and Changes in Performance.

Physiological and psychological demands during training and competition generate fatigue and reduce an athlete´s sport-specific performance capacity. The magnitude of this decrement depends on several characteristics of the exercise stimulus (e.g. type, duration, intensity) as well as on individual characteristics (e. g. fitness, profile, fatigue resistance). As such, the time required to fully recover is proportional to the level of fatigue and the consequences of exercise-induced fatigue are manifold. Whatever the purpose of the ensuing exercise session (i.e. training or competition), it is crucial to understand the importance of optimizing the period between exercise bouts, in order to speed up the regenerative processes and facilitate recovery or set the next stimulus at the optimal time point. This implies having a fairly precise understanding of the fatigue mechanisms that contribute to the performance decrement. Failing to respect an athlete´s recovery needs may lead to an excessive accumulation of fatigue, and potentially "non-functional overreaching" or to maladaptive training. Although research in this area recently increased, considerations regarding the specific time frames for different physiological mechanisms in relation to exercise-induced fatigue are still missing. Furthermore, recommendations on the timing and dosing of recovery based on these time frames are limited. Therefore, the aim of this article is to describe time courses of recovery in relation to the exercise type and on different physiological levels. This summary shall support coaches, athletes and scientists in their decision-making process by considering the relationship of exercise type, physiology and recovery.
Osteogenic differentiation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells on fibrin glue- or fibronectin-coated Ceraform®

Natural and synthetic biomaterials have been designed to aid in the bone regeneration process. Although multiple stem cell-based biomaterials are currently studied by many researchers, no biomaterial has yet been approved as the most appropriate. Here, we aimed to use and compare alternative synthetic biphasic ceramic Ceraform® (CR) coated with the tissue adhesives fibrin glue (FG) and fibronectin (FN) seeded with osteogenically induced cells, which were previously differentiated from adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal cells. The osteogenic properties were evaluated on days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after cell seeding by histological examinations, determining enzyme activities and gene expressions of osteogenic markers, and scanning electron microscope analysis. Non-coated CR and FG-or FN-coated CR groups displayed all osteogenic differentiation markers, such as osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase activity, osteopontin, Runt-related transcription factor-2, collagen type-1, and bone morphogenetic protein-2, but their distribution in terms of duration varied. The detection of non-collagenous proteins and collagen type-1 indicated the role of FG or FN in enhancing bone remodeling and bone structure stabilization. FG exhibited the advantage of encapsulating cells owing to its clot formation property compared to that by FN when considering the enhanced survival of transplanted cells. Moreover, the fibrin glue-coated CR group showed a distinct difference by expressing osteogenic markers even at the end of late incubation period. These properties indicated that using CR-FG in combination with differentiated cells is a promising alternative improved scaffold for bone repair by cell therapy.
Cylindrical conformal array antenna with fan-shaped beam for millimeter-wave application

A millimeter-wave cylindrical conformal array with 120° flat-top broad beam and a stable 30° downward tilted-angle is demonstrated, fabricated and measured in this paper. A 32-element longitudinal slots array antenna is selected as the radiating element of the cylindrical conformal array, which is wrapped around the cylindrical in the circumferential direction. A 1-to-8 unequal power divider and a compact phase compensating network are developed as the feed network for the designed 8 × 32 slot array. Measured results show that a 120° flat-top broad beam with stable 30° downward angle is achieved over the operating frequency band. The proposed new conformal array antenna can be used in millimeter wave base station system.
Comparative Evaluation of the Ostium After External and Nonendoscopic Endonasal Dacryocystorhinostomy Using Image Processing (Matlabs and Image J) Softwares.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare the characteristics of the ostium after external dacryocystorhinostomy and nonendoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (NEN-DCR). METHODS This cross-sectional study included patients who underwent a successful external dacryocystorhinostomy or NEN-DCR and had ≥1 month follow up. Pictures of the ostium were captured with a nasal endoscope (4 mm, 30°) after inserting a lacrimal probe premarked at 2 mm. Image analyses were performed using Image J and Contour softwares. RESULTS Of the 113 patients included, external dacryocystorhinostomy group had 53 patients and NEN-DCR group had 60 patients. The mean age of patients in the NEN-DCR group (38 years) was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than the external dacryocystorhinostomy group (50 years). There was no statistically significant difference (2 sample t test, p > 0.05) in mean follow up (6 vs. 4 months), maximum diameter of ostium (8 vs. 7 mm), perpendicular drawn to it (4 vs. 4 mm), area of ostium (43 vs. 36 mm), and the minimum distance between common internal punctum and edge of the ostium (1 vs. 1 mm) between the external and NEN-DCR groups. CONCLUSIONS Image processing softwares offer simple and objective method to measure the ostium. While ostia are comparable in size, their relative position differs with posteriorly placed ostia in external compared with inferior in NEN-DCR.
Passive transfer of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: mechanisms of suppression.

Passive (adoptive) transfer of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) with lymph node cells has been used as a method of analysis of mechanisms of disease induction and protection. Pretreatment of cell donors with CNS tissue prior to active challenge yielded lymph node cells which were unable to induce EAE in normal recipients. Similar pretreatment of recipients with CNS before they were given cells from actively sensitized donors rendered them unreactive to an otherwise highly encephalitogenic cell inoculum. Interference with the formation of sensitized cells is thus only one part of and not the whole explanation for the phenomenon of protection. Mycobacteria-induced protection against EAE similarly created an internal environment in the recipients which did not permit passive transfer of EAE. In each case, protection against EAE was accompanied by inhibition of the delayed dermal reaction to the CNS encephalitogen, myelin basic protein (BP). The site of interference with delayed hypersensitivity, which occurs at some point beyond the initial sensitization, was not defined by the present study. The protected state, which in most animals was not accompanied by detectable antibodies to the encephalitogen, could not be transferred passively to other animals with either serum or lymphoid cells from protected animals.
Longitudinal brain changes in MDD during emotional encoding: effects of presence and persistence of symptomatology

Abstract Background The importance of the hippocampus and amygdala for disrupted emotional memory formation in depression is well-recognized, but it remains unclear whether functional abnormalities are state-dependent and whether they are affected by the persistence of depressive symptoms. Methods Thirty-nine patients with major depressive disorder and 28 healthy controls were included from the longitudinal functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) sub-study of the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. Participants performed an emotional word-encoding and -recognition task during fMRI at baseline and 2-year follow-up measurement. At baseline, all patients were in a depressed state. We investigated state-dependency by relating changes in brain activation over time to changes in symptom severity. Furthermore, the effect of time spent with depressive symptoms in the 2-year interval was investigated. Results Symptom change was linearly associated with higher activation over time of the left anterior hippocampus extending to the amygdala during positive and negative word-encoding. Especially during positive word encoding, this effect was driven by symptomatic improvement. There was no effect of time spent with depression in the 2-year interval on change in brain activation. Results were independent of medication- and psychotherapy-use. Conclusion Using a longitudinal within-subjects design, we showed that hippocampal–amygdalar activation during emotional memory formation is related to depressive symptom severity but not persistence (i.e. time spent with depression or ‘load’), suggesting functional activation patterns in depression are not subject to functional ‘scarring’ although this hypothesis awaits future replication.
Oleuropein modulates glioblastoma miRNA pattern different from Olea europaea leaf extract

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent and deadliest subtype of glioma. Despite current innovations in existing therapeutic modalities, GBM remains incurable, and alternative therapies are required. Previously, we demonstrated that Olea europaea leaf extract (OLE) kills GBM cells by modulating miR-181b, miR-137, miR-153 and Let-7d expression. However, although oleuropein (OL) is the main compound in OLE, its role in the antitumour effect of OLE remains unknown. This study determined the effect of OL on GBM cell line T98G and compared the results with our previous findings regarding the effect of OLE on the same cell line. The antiproliferative activity of OL and its effect on temozolomide (TMZ) response were tested inT98G cells using WST-1 assay. OL inhibition was evaluated using one-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s post hoc test. The effect of OL on miR-181b, miR-137, miR-153 and Let-7d expression was assessed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Fold differences in expression between untreated, OL or OL + TMZ-treated samples were calculated using 2−ΔCt method. Significance was evaluated using an independent sample t-test. Treatment with 277.5 and 555 µM OL resulted in 39.51% and 75.40% reductions in T98G cells within 24 h. Coadministration of 325 µM TMZ and 277.5 or 555 µM, OL caused 2.08- and 2.83-fold increases, respectively, in the therapeutic effect of TMZ. OL + TMZ significantly increased microRNA expression, particularly Let-7d, than OLE. In conclusion, OL has an antitumour effect on GBM cells mainly via regulation of Let-7d expression. The present results also indicate other minor compounds in OLE play important anticancer roles.
Preventing acute kidney injury during transplantation: the application of novel oxygen carriers

ABSTRACT Introduction: Delayed graft function (DGF) has a significant impact on kidney transplantation outcome. One of the underlying pivotal mechanisms is organ preservation and associated hypothermia and biochemical alteration. Area covered: This paper focuses on organ preservation and its clinical consequences and describes 1. A comprehensive presentation of the pathophysiological mechanism involved in delayed graft function development; 2. The impact on endothelial cells and microvasculature integrity and the consequences on transplanted organ outcome; 3. The reassessment of dynamic organ preservation motivated by the growing use of extended criteria donors and the interest in the potential of normothermia; 4. The role of oxygenation during dynamic preservation; and 5. Novel oxygen carriers and their proof of concept in transplantation, among which M101 (HEMO2life®) is currently the most extensively investigated. Expert opinion: Metabolic disturbances and imbalance of oxygen supply during preservation highlight the importance of providing oxygen. Normothermia, permitted by recent advances in machine perfusion technology, appears to be the leading edge of preservation technology. Several oxygen transporters are compatible with normothermia; however, only M101 also demonstrates compatibility with standard hypothermic preservation.
P2‐58: Effects of food nutritional components on lung cancer cell lines

Background: Particulate matter (PM) which contains various transition metals, in particular iron which generates hydroxy radicals, can penetrate the distal regions of the lung causing respiratory and cardiovasucular diseases. Aims: The purpose of this study is to clarify adverse effects of fine PM on the alveolar epithelium using a primary culture of alveolar type II cells. Methods: PM was collected continuously for each month using Andersen samplers by the impact cascade method. PM was collected and separated into 5 fractions in accordance with diameter of the particles. Metal elements in fine PM were analyzed with an inductively coupled plasmaatomic emission spectrometer. Alveolar type II cells were isolated from specific pathogen-free Fisher 344 male rat using elastase inserting via the trachea. The cells were exposed to each subdivided fraction of PM at the concentration of 500 μg/ml for 6 hrs. At the end of the experiment, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released into the culture medium was determined and the percentage of LDH leakage was then calculated to reflect the cell injury by PM. Results: The cells were injured by fine PM of which the diameter are below 1.1 μm but not by larger one. The cell injury was attenuated by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and deferoxamine, a metal chelator. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that fine indoor PM causes oxidative lung cell injury which may be closely associated with transition metals, in particular Fe, and have established the assay model for a study of the oxidative lung cell injury. P2-57 | The periodontopathic bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum induced proinflammatory cytokine production by human respiratory epithelial cell lines and in the lower respiratory organs in mice
Factors and Feeds for Supplementing Beef Cows

The nutritional value and quantity of available forage determine if nutrients need to be supplemented in the diet. During most of the year, warm-season forages are likely to be deficient in some minerals, especially phosphorus and certain trace elements like copper and zinc. In most situations, supplementation should include at least year-round provision of salt and a mineral with 8 percent to 12 percent phosphorus and a similar level of calcium. Vitamin A, which usually is low in dry or weathered forages, should be injected or fed in mineral or other supplements if it is suspected to be deficient. Mineral and vitamin supplementation should be a high priority because deficiencies can be corrected for relatively little cost.
Der interdisziplinäre Mikrochirurg – Ergebnisse des Konsensus-Workshops der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Mikrochirurgie der peripheren Nerven und Gefäße am Beispiel unterschiedlicher Board-Formate

Zusammenfassung Die Plastische Chirurgie ist stärker als viele andere Fachgebiete durch ein hohes Maß an multidisziplinärer Vernetzung geprägt. Trotz des breiten fachlichen Spektrums der Plastischen Chirurgie ist das Fachgebiet nicht an jedem Universitätsklinikum oder Haus der Maximalversorgung als eigenständige Abteilung oder Klinik vertreten. Auch haben selbstständige Einrichtungen nicht selten mit einem niedrig angesetzten Stellenschlüssel zu kämpfen. Außer Frage steht, dass das Fachgebiet durch die stetige Entwicklung der rekonstruktiven Mikrochirurgie zu einer deutlich verbesserten und schnelleren Versorgung von Patienten mit komplexen Defektwunden beigetragen hat. Der Zustrom der Patienten erfolgt hierbei zum größten Teil über andere Fachabteilungen. Die Einbindung der zuführenden Abteilung in die Erstellung des rekonstruktiven Planes ist von entscheidender Bedeutung für den qualitativen Erfolg der Behandlung und die Funktionswiederherstellung. Der Schlüssel in der weiteren Entwicklung des Fachgebietes liegt dabei in hohem Maße bei der stärkeren Vernetzung mit unterschiedlichen Fachdisziplinen, um die Behandlung komplexer Fälle zu gewährleisten und stärker in den allgemeinen Fokus der Krankenhausmedizin zu rücken. Im Interesse der Versorgungsqualität ist hierbei die professionelle Implementierung von multidisziplinären Boards, bei denen die Plastisch-rekonstruktive Chirurgie eine wichtige Rolle einnehmen kann, von größter Relevanz. Im Rahmen des Workshops „Der interdisziplinäre Mikrochirurg“ wurde auf der 39. Jahrestagung der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Mikrochirurgie der peripheren Nerven und Gefäße das Thema des Stellenwertes, der Initiierung und der Umsetzung von interdisziplinären Boards diskutiert und gemeinsame Empfehlungen konsentiert. Die gemeinsamen Ergebnisse und Erfahrungen werden im vorliegenden Artikel dargestellt und an drei konkreten Beispielen verdeutlicht.
Expression Pattern of FT/TFL1 and miR156-Targeted SPL Genes Associated with Developmental Stages in Dendrobium catenatum

Time to flower, a process either referring to juvenile–adult phase change or vegetative–reproductive transition, is strictly controlled by an intricate regulatory network involving at least both FT/TFL1 and the micro RNA (miR)156-regulated SPL family members. Despite substantial progresses recently achieved in Arabidopsis and other plant species, information regarding the involvement of these genes during orchid development and flowering competence is still limited. Dendrobium catenatum, a popular orchid species, exhibits a juvenile phase of at least three years. Here, through whole-genome mining and whole-family expression profiling, we analyzed the homologous genes of FT/TFL1, miR156, and SPL with special reference to the developmental stages. The FT/TFL1 family contains nine members; among them, DcHd3b transcribes abundantly in young and juvenile tissues but not in adult, contrasting with the low levels of others. We also found that mature miR156, encoded by a single locus, accumulated in large quantity in protocorms and declined by seedling development, coincident with an increase in transcripts of three of its targeted SPL members, namely DcSPL14, DcSPL7, and DcSPL18. Moreover, among the seven predicted miR156-targeted SPLs, only DcSPL3 was significantly expressed in adult plants and was associated with plant maturation. Our results might suggest that the juvenile phase change or maturation in this orchid plant likely involves both the repressive action of a TFL1-like pathway and the promotive effect from an SPL3-mediated mechanism.
The never‐ending story of CIED infection prevention: Shall we WRAP‐IT and go?

CIED infection is perceived as substantial, ranging from 1% to 4% in literature depending on different studies and on the population profile, and can appear either as surgical site or endovascular infection or both. Several factors have been found to be associated to CIED infection, that can be summarized as patient‐related (clinical profile, associated comorbidities, ongoing treatment as anticoagulants and immunosuppressants), Procedure‐related (complexity of CIED surgery, type of surgery, previous pocket exploration), and center‐/operator‐related (center/operator volume). Thus, it is difficult to disentangle the extent of benefit that any intervention may offer to decrease this threatened complication, owing to its multifaceted complexity. The recently completed PADIT and WRAP‐IT trials have significantly improved our knowledge in this field (nearly 20 000 patients enrolled), reporting an infection rate of 1% to 1.2% in control‐arm patients and a 20% to 67% infection decrease when incremental antibiotic prophylaxis is added on top of optimized preventative strategies. Observational registries highlighted that participation in a prospective survey of CIED infection dramatically decrease infection rate by optimization of antisepsis protocols and operator awareness, that explains the low event rate observed in PADIT and WRAP‐IT. While this consideration prompts each center to engage into a proactive infection prevention program, it makes a point in favor of antibiotic prophylaxis delivered locally in 7 days or more, as enabled by TYRX in the WRAP‐IT trial. However, care sustainability (the number needed to treat in the most favorable WRAP‐IT scenario is 100) suggests further analysis to understand the settings (patient‐ or procedure‐related) most likely to benefit by such an enhanced prevention strategy.
Trophoblast-Uterine Interactions in the First Days of Implantation: Models for the Study of Implantation Events in the Human

The most profound changes in the relationship of the trophoblast to endometrial tissues occur in the first 5 days after the initiation of implantation. Not only have the earliest stages--adhesion and epithelial penetration--never been seen in the human, but also the trophoblastic plate and lacunar stages that follow are not available for modern investigative methods. Studies of appropriately timed endometrium and of trophoblast- and endometrium-derived cell lines have important implications for aspects of implantation. Use of nonhuman primates and other animal models for appropriate stages in implantation could further our understanding of direct trophoblast-uterine interactions. The mechanisms involved in epithelial penetration by infiltration of the syncytial trophoblast into the uterine luminal epithelium could be studied profitably using the marmoset or the ferret. Drawing of the blastocyst into an interstitial location might be investigated in the guinea pig. Formation of trophoblastic lacunae can be investigated in the cynomolgus monkey. By using such animal models of events of implantation in situ, implications concerning the molecules involved in adhesion, penetration of junctional complexes, and uterine vessel invasion that have been derived from in vitro or murine studies may be placed in context.
Effects of music interventions on stress-related outcomes: a systematic review and two meta-analyses

ABSTRACT Music interventions are used for stress reduction in a variety of settings because of the positive effects of music listening on both physiological arousal (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure, and hormonal levels) and psychological stress experiences (e.g., restlessness, anxiety, and nervousness). To summarize the growing body of empirical research, two multilevel meta-analyses of 104 RCTs, containing 327 effect sizes and 9,617 participants, were performed to assess the strength of the effects of music interventions on both physiological and psychological stress-related outcomes, and to test the potential moderators of the intervention effects. Results showed that music interventions had an overall significant effect on stress reduction in both physiological (d = .380) and psychological (d = .545) outcomes. Further, moderator analyses showed that the type of outcome assessment moderated the effects of music interventions on stress-related outcomes. Larger effects were found on heart rate (d = .456), compared to blood pressure (d = .343) and hormone levels (d = .349). Implications for stress-reducing music interventions are discussed.