Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Innate immune response after adenoviral gene delivery into skin is mediated by AIM 2 , NALP 3 , DAI and mda 5

Methods for human skin gene therapy requires efficient and stable introduction of genes into skin cells. Transient cutaneous gene therapy is an attractive approach in the treatment of skin diseases. The ‘Achilles heel’ of adenoviral gene therapy is its immunogenicity and many aspects of adenovirus induced cutaneous immune reaction still remain unanswered, particularly the role of keratinocytes. Therefore, human keratinocytes were transfected with adenoviral DNA and cytokine expression was analyzed. Moreover, adenoviral transduction of full-skin was performed ex vivo and in vivo. We observed cytokine induction after cytoplasmatic internalization of adenoviral DNA into epidermal cells. Inhibition of AIM2, NALP3, DAI or mda5 downregulated the cytokine response. Transduction of immunocompetent mice led to a detectable transgene expression for 12 days. Re-application of the vector led to a decrease in intensity and duration of transgene expression limited to 4 days and an increased cytokine expression. In contrast, immunodeficient mice showed a reduced expression of cytokines after DNA internalization. AIM2, NALP3, DAI and mda5 are essential in the induction of an innate immune response towards adenoviral DNA. This immune reaction leads to a decrease in transduction efficiency of the vector after re-application and modulation of these receptor systems stabilizes transgene expression.
ATP-mediated Ca 2 1 signaling in preglomerular smooth muscle cells

Inscho, Edward W. , Alan C. Schroeder, Paul C. Deichmann, and John D. Imig. ATP-mediated Ca21 signaling in preglomerular smooth muscle cells. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Renal Physiol. 45): F450–F456, 1999. —We performed studies to determine the effect of extracellular ATP on the intracellular Ca21 concentration ([Ca]i) in freshly isolated microvascular smooth muscle cells (MVSMC). Suspensions of preglomerular MVSMC were prepared by enzymatic digestion and loaded with fura 2. Single cells were studied using a microscope-based fluorescence spectrophotometer during superfusion of a physiological salt solution with 1.8 mM Ca21 and during exposure to similar solutions containing ATP. Under control conditions, baseline [Ca]i averaged 107 6 6 nM (n 5 86 cells from 34 animals). ATP administration elicited concentration-dependent increases in [Ca]i. Exposure to ATP concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 μM increased intracellular Ca21 to peak concentrations of 133 6 20, 338 6 37, and 367 6 35 nM, respectively (P , 0.05 vs. respective baseline). Steady-state [Ca]i increased to 113 6 15, 150 6 16 (P , 0.05 vs. baseline), and 180 6 12 nM (P , 0.05 vs. baseline) for the same groups. The [Ca]i response to ATP was also assessed in the absence of extracellular Ca21 and during blockade of L-type Ca21 channels with diltiazem. In these studies, exposure to 100 μM ATP induced a transient peak increase in [Ca]i with the plateau phase being totally abolished under Ca21-free conditions and markedly attenuated during Ca21 channel blockade, respectively. These data indicate that ATP-mediated P2-receptor activation increases [Ca]i in freshly isolated preglomerular MVSMC by stimulating Ca21 release from intracellular stores, in addition to stimulating the influx of extracellular Ca21 through voltagegated L-type Ca21 channels.
Maturation Stress Generation in Poplar Tension Wood Studied by Synchrotron Radiation Microdiffraction[C][W][OA]

Tension wood is widespread in the organs of woody plants. During its formation, it generates a large tensile mechanical stress, called maturation stress. Maturation stress performs essential biomechanical functions such as optimizing the mechanical resistance of the stem, performing adaptive movements, and ensuring long-term stability of growing plants. Although various hypotheses have recently been proposed, the mechanism generating maturation stress is not yet fully understood. In order to discriminate between these hypotheses, we investigated structural changes in cellulose microfibrils along sequences of xylem cell differentiation in tension and normal wood of poplar (Populus deltoides × Populus trichocarpa ‘I45-51’). Synchrotron radiation microdiffraction was used to measure the evolution of the angle and lattice spacing of crystalline cellulose associated with the deposition of successive cell wall layers. Profiles of normal and tension wood were very similar in early development stages corresponding to the formation of the S1 and the outer part of the S2 layer. The microfibril angle in the S2 layer was found to be lower in its inner part than in its outer part, especially in tension wood. In tension wood only, this decrease occurred together with an increase in cellulose lattice spacing, and this happened before the G-layer was visible. The relative increase in lattice spacing was found close to the usual value of maturation strains, strongly suggesting that microfibrils of this layer are put into tension and contribute to the generation of maturation stress.
An HI Selected Sample of Galaxies: The HI Mass Function and the Surface Brightness Distribution

Abstract Results from the Arecibo HI Strip Survey, an unbiased extragalactic HI survey, combined with optical and 21 cm follow-up observations, determine the HI mass function and the cosmological mass density of HI at the present epoch. Both are consistent with earlier estimates, computed for the population of optically selected galaxies. This consistency occurs because, although the distribution of optical central surface brightnesses among galaxies is flat, we fail to find a population of galaxies with central surface brightnesses fainter than 24 B-mag arcsec−2, even though there is no observational selection against them.
A method for geometry control of phosphor layer in high-power white LEDs by package structure

Phosphor layer geometry is one of key factors which determine the optical performance of white LEDs in LED packaging. In order to gain the optimal phosphor geometries, a method for forming different geometries of phosphor layer based on microfluidics and structure control is reported. Through controlling the slanting angle of the reflector cups on basis of conventional dispensing coating process, different curvatures of phosphor layers can be realized to meet the packaging requirement. The numerical simulations and experiments on phosphor slurry dispensing into reflector cups with different slanting angles were conducted. The results reveal that different curvatures of phosphor layers can be easily obtained by varying the slanting angle of reflector cup. By the present method, we packaged several LED samples, one of optical parameters, angular color uniformity (ACU) was measured. The results reveal that the good ACU can be gained using this simple method to form flat phosphor layer in the reflector cup packaging structure.
Hemodynamic regulation in SHR: investigation by spectral analysis.

This work is based on the premise that hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is a consequence of an imbalance in autonomic cardiovascular control. Spontaneous, instantaneous fluctuations in heart rate (HR) and arterial blood pressure (ABP) were studied by spectral analysis in age-matched groups of SHR and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Continuous recordings of ABP and HR made in conscious, unrestrained, young 1-, 2-, 3-, and 6-mo-old rats show that power spectra of HR fluctuations were similar in both strains, whereas ABP fluctuations were significantly different in the low, presumably vasomotor frequency range being reduced in SHR as compared with age-matched WKY rats. In 1-mo-old rats, the difference between strains became smaller with urethan anesthesia and disappeared with spinalization, suggesting that it might have originated in some disparity between the strains at the level of the central nervous system. Low doses of phentolamine elicited a fall in low-frequency ABP fluctuations of WKY but a rise in SHR, whereas larger doses produced a fall in the power of both. In SHR, reduction in the power spectrum of ABP fluctuations in the presence of unaltered HR fluctuations may indicate an impaired control of sympathetic drive to resistance vessels compared with WKY. Note that in young SHR, hypertension also cannot be detected by conventional measurement. Fluctuations in ABP in WKY may reflect an optimal level of sympathetic activity; reduction in fluctuations may be associated with an increase or decrease in sympathetic activity at the vascular bed. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Practice advisory on the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with riluzole: Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder. No drug treatment was available for ALS patients until the recent approval of riluzole by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Riluzole has a modulating effect on glutamatergic transmission. FDA approval was based on two double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials, which demonstrated modest prolongation of survival without tracheostomy.
More Identifiable Stiffness Feedback for Dexterous Hand Teleoperation in Unknown Environment

In dexterous hand teleoperation, effective forcefeedback is critical for precisely identifying objects in anunknown environment. This paper proposes an object-basedmotion mapping method to provide more identifiable stiffnessperception for an operator to perceive different objects in ateleoperation system. To verify the effectiveness of the proposedmethod, a three-fingered robot hand (BarrettHand BH8-280)teleoperation system is established which uses a commercialdesktop haptic device as the master manipulator. A comparisonexperiment is carried to identify the stiffness of five differentobjects with two different motion mapping methods: constantmotion mapping, and object-based motion mapping. The resultsshow that the object-based motion mapping is more reliable andeffective as compared with constant mapping method.
Análise de Sentimento em Redes Sociais no Idioma Português com Base em Mensagens do Twitter

Analise de sentimentos refere-se a analise de opinioes, sentimentos, avaliacoes, atitudes e emocoes a partir de textos. Estes textos quando escritos em portugues enfrentam dificuldades na analise devido a complexidade gramatical e riqueza de vocabulos presentes neste idioma. Este trabalho apresenta um comparativo entre os diversos algoritmos de aprendizado de maquina e de abordagem lexica utilizando mensagens do Twitter em portugues associadas as Olimpiadas de 2016. Os resultados mostraram que a abordagem de aprendizado de maquina alcancou melhor resultado em relacao a abordagem lexica, sendo que o algoritmo SVM obteve o melhor desempenho atingindo 89,5% de acuracia no melhor cenario.
Modélisation pour le dimensionnement des machines électriques. Application à des machines spéciales.

Apres mes travaux de these effectues au Laboratoire l'Electricite, Signaux, et Robotique, (LESiR) de l'Ecole Normale Superieure de Cachan, devenu depuis Laboratoire des Systemes et Applications des Technologies de l'Information et de l'Energie (SATIE), j'ai eu la chance de travailler au sein de differentes equipes de recherche en genie electrique, tout d'abord, en Grande Bretagne, a l'"Electrical Machines and Drives Group" de l'Universite de Sheffield, puis a Belfort au Laboratoire d'Electronique, Electrotechnique et Systemes (L2ES), et enfin au Havre, au sein du Groupe de Recherche en Electrotechnique et Automatique du Havre (GREAH). Ce document me permet de presenter ces travaux afin de solliciter une Habilitation a Diriger des Recherches. Ce memoire comporte trois parties. Une premiere partie ou sont regroupes mon CV, une presentation de mes activites d'enseignement, d'administration, d'encadrement et de recherche et enfin une enumeration des publications auxquelles j'ai participe. Dans la seconde partie, qui constitue le cœur de ce memoire, une presentation plus approfondie de mes thematiques de recherche sera abordee. Ces thematiques sont regroupees en deux categories : l'une plus fondamentale, du point de vue des sciences de l'ingenieur, concerne la modelisation des machines electriques, et la seconde plus applicative concerne les machines synchrones a double excitation. Alors que lors de mes travaux de these, qui concernaient les machines synchrones a double excitation, j'ai ete plus utilisateur que developpeur de methodes de modelisation, je me suis de plus en plus oriente vers le developpement de modeles au cours de mon sejour a l'Universite de Sheffield et maintenant au GREAH. Les modeles developpes sont bien adaptes pour le dimensionnement optimal des machines electriques. Ils sont de deux natures : * modeles analytiques ; * modeles semi-numeriques. Les modeles analytiques sont bases sur la resolution formelle des equations de Maxwell dans les regions a permeabilite uniforme. Par modeles semi-numeriques on entend les modeles bases sur les reseaux de permeances. La thematique des machines synchrones a double excitation, bien que n'etant pas une problematique fondamentale a proprement dit, permet d'apporter des reponses a des problematiques qui ne le sont pas moins : "defluxage" des machines a aimants permanents, optimisation energetique, et enfin augmentation du cout des aimants permanents. Cette thematique est essentiellement menee en collaboration avec des collegues de l'equipe Systemes d'Energies pour les Transports et l'Environnement (SETE) du SATIE. Enfin, dans la troisieme partie un bilan global des activites de recherche est dresse. Ce bilan permettra de revenir sur les points que je considere essentiels de ces activites, et de degager quelques perspectives aux court, moyen, et long termes.
Intracellular pH and Multidrug Resistance Regulate Complement-mediated Cytotoxicity of Nucleated Human Cells*

In previous work (Weisburg, J. H., Curcio, M., Caron, P. C., Raghi, G., Mechetner, E. B., Roepe, P. D., and Scheinberg, D. A. (1996) J. Exp. Med. 183, 2699–2704), we showed that multidrug resistance (MDR) cells created by continuous selection with the vinca alkaloid vincristine (HL60 RV+) or by retroviral infection (K562/human MDR 1 cells) exhibited significant resistance to complement-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC). This resistance was due to the presence of overexpressed P-glycoprotein (P-GP). In this paper, we probe the molecular mechanism of this phenomenon. We test whether the significant elevated intracellular pH (pH i ) that accompanies P-GP overexpression is sufficient to confer resistance to CMC and whether this resistance is related to effects on complement function in the cell membrane. Control HL60 cells not expressing P-GP, but comparably elevated in cytosolic pH i by two independent methods (CO2“conditioning” or isotonic Cl− substitution), are tested for CMC using two different antibody-antigen systems (human IgG and murine IgM; protein and carbohydrate) and two complement sources (rabbit and human). Elevation of pH i by either of these methods or by expression of P-GP confers resistance to CMC. Resistance is not observed when the alkalinization mediated by reverse Cl−/HCO3 − exchange upon Cl− substitution is blocked by treatment with dihydro-4,4′-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulfonate. Continuous photometric monitoring of 2′,7′-bis(carboxyethyl)-5,6-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF), to assess changes in pH i or efflux of the probe through MAC pores, in single cells or cell populations, respectively, verifies changes in pH i upon CO2 conditioning and Cl−substitution and release of BCECF upon formation of MAC pores. Antibody binding and internalization kinetics are similar in both the parental and resistant cell lines as measured by radioimmunoassay, but flow cytometric data showed that net complement deposition in the cell membrane is both delayed and reduced in magnitude in the MDR cells and in the cells with increased pH i . This interpretation is supported by comparison of BCECF release data for the different cells. Dual isotopic labeling of key complement components shows no significant change in molecular stoichiometry of the MACs formed at different pH i . The results are relevant to understanding clinical implications of MDR, the physiology of P-GP, and the biochemistry of the complement cascade and further suggest that the “drug pump” model of P-GP action cannot account for all of its effects.
Basigin (cd147) is expressed on melanoma cells and induces tumor cell invasion by stimulating production of matrix metalloproteinases by fibroblasts

EMMPRIN, which is identical to human basigin (CD147), interacts with fibroblasts and stimulates expression of MMPs, which play an important role in tumor invasiveness and metastasis. In the present study, we demonstrated that coculture of basigin‐expressing human MM cells with dermal fibroblasts resulted in the induction of MMP‐1, MMP‐2, MMP‐3 and MT1‐MMP production by fibroblasts and of melanoma cell invasion through a reconstituted basement membrane. Antibody to basigin inhibited both the production of MMPs by fibroblasts and the invasiveness of melanoma cells. Expression of basigin and MMPs in MM and surrounding fibroblasts was examined immunohistochemically in 28 specimens from 18 MM patients without metastasis and 10 with metastasis, to investigate whether basigin plays a role in metastasis of MM in vivo. Basigin was expressed in melanoma cells but not in fibroblasts. MM with metastasis had significantly higher basigin expression compared to MM without metastasis. There were significant differences between MMs with and without metastasis in the expression of MMPs in both melanoma cells and fibroblasts. Expression of MMPs in fibroblasts was positively correlated with expression levels of basigin. These immunohistochemic findings indicate that MMPs might be expressed in fibroblasts as well as melanoma cells concomitantly with basigin, which was expressed in melanoma cells more frequently in MM with metastasis. Basigin is highly expressed in melanoma cells and may play an important role in their invasiveness and metastasis by stimulating surrounding fibroblasts to express MMPs. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tight clustering of human hepatitis B virus integration sites in hepatomas near a triple-stranded region

The open circular genome of human hepatitis B virus (HBV) is known to contain a partially double-stranded DNA with a single-stranded gap region of variable length. This circular structure of the genome is maintained by base-pairing of the 5' ends of the two DNA stands, the long or L(-) strand and the short or S(+) strand. By cloning, mapping, and sequencing studies, we have localized three recombinational junctions of the integrated HBV in two hepatoma samples, HT14 and FOCUS. Breakpoints of recombination derived from these results and those of others appear to be clustered and coincidental with the identified 5' or the deduced 3' end of the long-strand DNA, respectively. Statistical analysis of these results supports the hypothesis that integration preferentially occurs in an extremely narrow region on the HBV genome. This site-specific recombinational mechanism appears to be conserved among different HBV subtypes. No extensive sequence homology was found between each pair of the recombining parental molecules; however, at the site of crossover, 2- to 3-base-pair junctional homology was consistently observed. Examination of the patterns of the integrated HBV DNAs allowed us to categorize these various patterns into four different groups according to their end specificity and strand polarity. The molecular form of relaxed circle is proposed to be one major substrate for HBV integration. The effect of free strand in the integration of HBV is emphasized in this model. Unlike any other known DNA animal viruses, the site specificity of HBV integration appears to be similar to that of the retroviruses.
Dopamine acts on D2 receptors to increase potassium conductance in neurones of the rat substantia nigra zona compacta.

1. Intracellular recordings were made from neurones in the substantia nigra zona compacta in slices of rat mesencephalon in vitro. The majority of neurones fired action potentials spontaneously at 0.2‐5.6 Hz. Dopamine, applied either by superfusion or from the tip of a pressurized pipette, prevented spontaneous action potential firing and hyperpolarized the membrane. 2. When the membrane potential was held negative to the threshold for action potential firing, the hyperpolarization evoked by dopamine was accompanied by a fall in input resistance. Under voltage clamp, dopamine produced an outward membrane current associated with an increase in membrane conductance. The effects of superfused dopamine on firing rate, membrane potential and membrane current were concentration dependent in the range 1‐100 microM. 3. The reversal potential for the hyperpolarizations and the outward currents produced by dopamine was ‐109.7 +/‐ 1.7 mV (n = 12) when the potassium concentration was 2.5 mM and ‐74.0 +/‐ 5.0 mV (n = 4) when the potassium concentration was 10.5 mM. The change in reversal potentials in these and intermediate potassium concentrations was described by the Nernst equation. 4. The outward current induced by dopamine was reversibly reduced by barium (100‐300 microM) and by high concentrations of tetraethylammonium (greater than or equal to 10 mM). Calcium‐free solutions with cobalt (0.5‐2 mM) did not reduce the current in response to dopamine during the first 5 min of their application. Currents and hyperpolarizations caused by dopamine were unaffected by tetrodotoxin (1 microM). 5. The hyperpolarization produced by dopamine was mimicked by the D2 receptor agonist quinpirole (LY 171555, 0.1‐3 microM) and was blocked by the D2 receptor agonists domperidone and (‐)‐sulpiride. Agonists and antagonists at D1 receptors had no effect. 6. (‐)‐Sulpiride (30 nM‐30 microM) produced a progressive shift to the right in the concentration‐response curve to either dopamine or quinpirole. Schild analysis of the antagonism between (‐)‐sulpiride and quinpirole suggested competitive antagonism with a dissociation equilibrium constant for (‐)‐sulpiride of about 13 nM. 7. It is concluded that dopamine acts on D2 receptors on neurones of the rat substantia nigra pars compacta to increase the membrane potassium conductance.
Enhanced Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Activities and Abnormalities of High Density Lipoproteins in Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Cholesteryl ester transfer protein may play a role in the cholesteryl ester metabolism between high density lipoproteins (HDL) and apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins. To investigate relationship between HDL and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity in the development of atherosclerosis, the present study has focused on CETP activity in the patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (GH). HDL-C and HDL-C/apo A-I mass ratio in heterozygous FH were lower than those in normolipidemic controls. There was a 2-fold increase in total CETP activity in incubated FH serum compared with normolipidemic controls. Assays for CETP activity in the lipoprotein deficient serum (d greater than 1.215 g/ml) were carried out by measuring the transfer of radioactive cholesteryl ester from HDL (1.125 less than d less than 1.21 g/ml) to LDL (1.019 less than d less than 1.060 g/ml). CETP activities in heterozygous FH (79 +/- 4 nmol/ml/h) was significantly higher than those in normolipidemic controls (54 +/- 6 nmol/ml/h). The increased total cholesteryl ester transfer mainly results from increased CETP activity in the d greater than 1.215 g/ml, possibly reflecting an increase in CETP mass in serum. Increased CETP activity in the d greater than 1.215 g/ml was correlated positively with IDL-cholesterol/triglyceride mass ratio (r = 0.496, p less than 0.01), and negatively with HDL-cholesterol/apo A-I mass ratio (r = -0.334, p less than 0.05). These results indicate that the enhanced CETP activities may contribute to increase risk for developing atherosclerosis in FH by changing the distribution of cholesteryl ester in serum lipoproteins.