Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bedside Emergency Transcranial Doppler Diagnosis of Severe Carotid Disease Using Orbital Window Examination

Background. Identifying internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis in the acute stroke setting can provide clinically useful information. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) through the orbital window is an easy test to perform and to track and identify different vessels. Previous TCD studies have suggested that a reversed ophthalmic artery (OA) flow is a useful collateral pattern to predict ICA disease. The authors sought to evaluate the TCD orbital window for predicting cervical ICA (cICA) stenosis in the setting of acute stroke and TIA. Method. Power M‐mode/TCD was performed in acute stroke and transient ischemic attack patients at 2 institutions. Each orbital window depth was detected on M‐mode and evaluated for the direction of flow and resistance pattern. Gold standard for comparison was carotid evaluation using carotid duplex, computed tomography angiogram, or conventional angiography. The assessment of cICA disease was categorized by degree of stenosis or occlusion. Results. A total of 216 transorbital exams were performed in 117 patients. Twenty‐five cICA occlusions and 8 critical cICA stenoses (≥95%) were identified by gold standard imaging. Reversed OA flow at 50 to 60 mm depth revealed high specificity (100%; confidence interval [CI], 97.6%‐100.0%) and good sensitivity (75%; CI, 53.3%‐90.2%) for identifying cICA occlusion or critical stenosis (≥95%). Low pulsatility index (<1.2) and mean flow velocity (<15 cm/s) discriminated critical severe ICA stenosis or occlusion when OA flow was anterograde with good sensitivity (87.2%) and specificity (95.2%). Conclusion. The reversed OA sign at 50 to 60 mm depth is very specific for identifying cICA occlusion or critical stenosis. When OA flow is anterograde, a low mean flow velocity or pulsatility index is also useful to identify cICA critical stenosis or occlusion.
Functional studies of human GLUT5: effect of pH on substrate selection and an analysis of substrate interactions.

The adsorption of D-fructose within the lumen of the human small intestine is thought to be mediated by the GLUT5 isoform of the human facilitative sugar transporter family. This isoform has been expressed in oocytes and shown to be capable of D-fructose transport. Some debate remains regarding the absolute substrate specificity of this isoform. To that end, we have undertaken an analysis of the functional properties of this protein when expressed in Xenopus oocytes. We have examined the pH dependence of transport activity, the ability to transport D-fructose versus deoxyglucose, and employed a range of sugar analogues to probe the nature of the exofacial substrate binding site. Our data show that the human GLUT5 isoform functions exclusively as a D-fructose transporter between pH 4.5 and 8. The Km for D-fructose was found to be 15 +/- 4 mM at pH 7. 5, and was relatively unaltered even at pH 4.5. Analysis of the effects of a range of compounds on GLUT5 function suggests that this isoform transports D-fructose preferentially in the furanose ring form.
Melatonin production during childhood and adolescence: a longitudinal study on the excretion of urinary 6‐hydroxymelatonin sulfate

Abstract: Cross‐sectional data on urinary 6‐hydroxymelatonin sulfate (6‐OHMS) excretion in children suggest a constant melatonin secretion during growth. The present longitudinal study concerned, accordingly, the intra‐individual stability of melatonin production during childhood and adolescence. Urine samples collected during a longitudinal investigation of healthy white children and adolescents were analyzed. Forty‐six boys and 38 girls were chosen for the present study. They had passed 3–15 annual examinations between their 3rd and 18th yr of age. Each examination included the collection of urine over 24 hr. The daily urinary output of 6‐OHMS of the overall 621 samples was quantified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The analyses clearly revealed for the first time that, despite huge inter‐individual differences, melatonin production remains constant in one and the same individual during childhood and adolescence. Additionally, neither a significant sex difference was observed nor was the 6‐OHMS output affected by season. The dramatic decrease of plasma melatonin levels as described in the literature is mainly related to an increase in body size rather than to decreasing pineal secretion.
Antidepressant Effects of Noni Fruit and its Active Principals

The antidepressant effects of Morinda citrifolia (noni) fruit extracts were investigated in vitro with the Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) A and B bioassays. The ethyl acetate extract of freeze-dried noni fruit powder inhibited MAO-A and B enzymes 78 and 49%, respectively. A phytochemical study of the most active extract led to the isolation of nine compounds. Among these, three principles including two flavonoids, kaempferol and quercetin, as well as one lignan, (+)-3,4,3',4'-tetrahydro-9,7'"-epoxylignan-7",9'-lactone, were found to be potent MAO-A and B inhibitors. These findings indicate that noni fruit is a natural MAO-A and MAO-B inhibitor, involving a synergistic effect from multiple active components.
Distribution of Cycle Lengths in Graphs

Bondy and Vince proved that every graph with minimum degree at least three contains two cycles whose lengths differ by one or two, which answers a question raised by Erdos. By a different approach, we show in this paper that if G is a graph with minimum degree ? (G)? 3k for any positive integer k, then G contains k+1 cycles C0, C1, ? , Ck such that k+1<|E(C0)|<|E(C1)|<? <|E(Ck)|, |E(Ci)|? |E(Ci? 1)|=2, i? i? k? 1, and 1? |E(Ck)|? |E(Ck? 1)|? 2, and furthermore, if ? (G)? 3k+1, then |E(Ck)|? |E(Ck? 1)|=2. To settle a problem proposed by Bondy and Vince, we obtain that if G is a nonbipartite 3-connected graph with minimum degree at least 3k for any positive integer k, then G contains 2k cycles of consecutive lengths m, m+1, ? , m+2k? 1 for some integer m? k+2.
Enhanced antitumor efficacy of a herpes simplex virus mutant isolated by genetic selection in cancer cells

Replication-competent, attenuated herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) derivatives that contain engineered mutations into the viral γ34. 5 virulence gene have been used as oncolytic agents. However, as attenuated mutants often grow poorly, they may not completely destroy some tumors and surviving cancer cells simply regrow. Thus, although HSV-1 γ34. 5 mutants can reduce the growth of human tumor xenografts in mice and have passed phase I safety studies, their efficacy is limited because they replicate poorly in many human tumor cells. Previously, we selected for a γ34. 5 deletion mutant variant that regained the ability to replicate efficiently in tumor cells. Although this virus contains an extragenic suppressor mutation that confers enhanced growth in tumor cells, it remains attenuated. Here, we demonstrate that the suppressor virus replicates to greater levels in prostate carcinoma cells and, importantly, is a more potent inhibitor of tumor growth in an animal model of human prostate cancer than the γ34. 5 parent virus. Thus, genetic selection in cancer cells can be used as a tool to enhance the antitumor activity of a replication-competent virus. The increased therapeutic potency of this oncolytic virus may be useful in the treatment of a wide variety of cancers.
Medicalización de la alimentación infantil: entre conceptos y experiencias

En el presente ensayo se reflexiona en torno a los procesos de medicalizacion de la alimentacion en generaly de la alimentacion infantil en particular, para contribuir a conformar un punto de vista interdisciplinariode las multiples dimensiones de los procesos alimentarios. Se presenta una revision intencionadadel concepto en sus diversas y sutiles vertientes; como se expresa en los procesos alimentarios en general yalgunas pistas en torno a las practicas alimentarias de los menores de 6 meses. Las mujeres y las familiastoman decisiones alimentarias con informacion recogida en el diario andar, con lo visto y escuchado en losmedios, en la calle, en el Centro de Salud, valorando los pro y los contras; con base a todo lo ya conocido, asu experiencia en situaciones similares previas. Sin embargo, estos caminos siempre estaran bajo la miraday supervision medica, especialmente cuando se presentan modificaciones en las modalidades (lactanciaexclusiva, parcial, alimentacion con formulas) y en sus trayectorias alimentarias (ablactacion y destete).
Development of a double-sided consequent pole linear vernier hybrid permanent-magnet machine for wave energy converters

Wave energy conversion can be simplified by using direct drive linear generators which may improve reliability. Numerous topologies of direct drive linear generators have been proposed in the last few decades such as the linear vernier hybrid permanent magnet (LVHPM) machine. However, the cost of this kind of machine is driven by the quantity of permanent magnet (PM) material. This paper proposes a linear vernier hybrid permanent magnet machine with consequent pole and concentrated windings for wave energy converters, which requires less magnet material for comparable performance. The key of the proposed design is the modular stator where the unbalanced magnetic circuit caused by consequent pole can be eliminated. Based on finite element analyses (FEA) the present machine is capable of higher thrust force, higher back EMF and lower cogging force as well as force ripple compared to that of a baseline LVHPM machine.
Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella: A Risk for Tropical Aquaculture

Salmonelas are rod-shaped, non-spore-forming Gram-negative facultative anaerobes measuring 0.7-1.5 by 2-5 μm. With the exception of the serovars Gallinarum and Pullorum, salmonelas are motile organisms. They are classified according to morphology and staining pattern and are divided into serotypes and serovars based on their reaction to somatic (O) and flagellar (H) antigens (Bremer et al., 2003). According to Kumar et al.(2003), the genus Salmonella has over 2,000 serovars. Two of these―Saintpaul and Newport―have been isolated from seafood (Ponce et al., 2008).
Co-Optimization of Storage System Sizing and Control Strategy for Intelligent Photovoltaic Power Plants Market Integration

Energy storage systems (ESS) when integrated with large-scale photovoltaic (PV) plants, constituting a so-called Intelligent PV (IPV) power plant, are able to contribute to improve the economic viability of these power plants and to help them participate in the electricity markets as other traditional generators. In this paper, the sizing and control strategy co-optimization for an existing IPV power plant is proposed and implemented. A global linear programming (LP) optimization algorithm is developed, where the optimal components sizing is computed directly in the same optimization as the operating management of the storage system. In the IPV power plant design stage, the LP optimization is applied to obtain the optimal energy storage sizing parameters (capacity and power rate). In the operation stage, the same LP algorithm optimizes the control strategy to participate to electricity markets. This participation is based on the online model predictive control (MPC) to counteract PV forecast errors by participating in intraday markets. The proposed approach (optimal ESS sizing and online MPC) increases the daily economic benefits around 20%.
Una aproximación al fallo en programación declarativa multiparadigma

La negacion en programacion logica es un tema ampliamente investigado desde los inicios de este estilo de programacion. En este trabajo se estudia un recurso similar para la programacion logico-funcional. La contrapartida natural a la negacion en el contexto logico-funcional es el fallo en la reduccion, que es donde se centra la tesis. Se toma como referencia la negacion constructiva de la programacion logica, que es capaz de encontrar valores para las variables de los objetivos, y en ese mismo sentido, se hace una propuesta de fallo constructivo. En el marco logico-funcional, el fallo tiene ademas otros usos interesantes, como las reglas por defecto o la recoleccion de valores. La investigacion toma como punto de partida la logica de reescritura del marco CRWL, un formalismo bien establecido y estudiado para el paradigma logico-funcional. El fallo se incorpora a traves de una logica orientada a la reduccion conjuntista, elaborando las nociones y propiedades se tiene que una prueba de fallo en esta logica corresponde a una prueba de fallo en esta logica corresponde a una prueba de indemostrabilidad con respecto a la logica de CRWL, con lo que el fallo adquiere una caracterizacion semantica precisa. Como mecanismo operacional se construye una relacion de estrechamiento que tambien se apoya en la vision conjuntista. Para facilitar la presentacion, esta construccion se lleva a cabo en dos etapas: en la primera se descarta la igualdad, que despues se analiza como relacion aislada y se funde con el mecanismo global de estrechamiento. Por ultimo, se estudia la implementacion efectiva del fallo en programacion logico-funcional. Es sencillo extender un lenguaje como TOY o Curry con fallo no constructivo plantea serias dificultades debido al mecanismo de reduccion que utilizan estos sistemas. Por ello, se disena el prototipo experimental OOPS con un mecanismo de reduccion basado en la semantica con
Influence of inotropic alteration on the severity of myocardial ischemia after experimental coronary occlusion.

The effects of propranolol (0.5-2mg./Kg.) and isoproterenol (0.2ƒÊg./ Kg./min.) on the severity and extent of ischemic injury after acute coronary occlusion in experimental dogs were determined from the average S-T segment elevation (E-ST) and the number of sites where S-T elevation exceeded 2mV. (N-ST) in 12 to 20 left ventricular (LV) epicardial sites. The mappings were obtained 15min. after repetitive occlusions of a main branch of the left anterior descending coronary artery. In 5 dogs propranolol decreased E-ST from 4.0•}0.8 during simple control occlusion to 1.5 •} 0.3mV. (SEM) (p<0.01) and N-ST from 9.2•}1.0 to 4.2•}0.5 (p<0.01). At this time, LV myocardial contractility expressed by dP/dt/IIT decreased from 2,320•}280 to 1,460•}230 (p<0.01) along with significant reduction of cardiac output (CO). LV developed tension assessed from LV TTI/min. fell slightly and insignificantly. In contrast, in 5 dogs the infusion of isoproterenol increased E-ST from 1.5•}0.2 to 3.1•}0.7mV. and N-ST from 6.6•}0.6 to 9.4•}1.1 (both, p<0.01). The value of dP/dt/IIT increased from 1,980•}440 to 4,610•}920 (p<0.01) with concomitant increment in CO. LV TTI/min. elevated slightly and again insignificantly. It was concluded that, in beating in situ heart the severity and extent of acute myocardial ischemic injury can be altered by the changes in LV contractile state, even in the absence of changes in LV wall tension.
The Morphology of “Acute Tubular Necrosis” in Man: Analysis of 57 Renal Biopsies and a Comparison with the Glycerol Model

Renal biopsies from 24 patients with oliguric "acute tubular necrosis" (ATN) and 26 patients with non-oliguric ATN were compared with biopsies from 7 patients who had recently recovered from ATN and 20 control patients. Many morphologic changes were present in the biopsies of patients with ATN and absent in controls, but only two lesions were significantly more severe in patients who had ATN at the time of the biopsy compared with patients who had recently recovered from ATN. These two lesions, necrosis of individual tubular epithelial cells and loss of brush border in proximal tubules, may play a role in the pathogenesis of renal functional failure in ATN. Necrosis of individual tubular epithelial cells appeared to be a continuing process. In the patients with non-oliguric acute renal failure there was a positive correlation between duration of renal failure and severity of tubular necrosis. This was not observed in the patients with oliguric acute renal failure, but otherwise there were no identifiable morphologic differences between the two groups. The glycerol model of acute renal failure in the rabbit was found to differ in several significant ways from ATN in man. Despite the fact that the rabbits had significantly less severe renal failure, their kidneys showed much more severe tubular necrosis and much more prominent presence of tubular casts than was the case in biopsies from patients with ATN. Loss of brush border in proximal tubules was not an important feature of the glycerol model of acute renal failure in the rabbit. We suggest that the glycerol model is not analogous to human ATN and may have an entirely different pathogenesis.
A Survey Study on XML Functional Dependencies

There are two major kinds of XML functional dependency (FD) definitions. The first kind of XML FD includes Tree-tuple-based XML FD (tFD) and Path-based XML FD (pFD), and the second kind of XML FD includes Extended-path-based XML FD (epFD), Sub-graph-based XML FD (gFD), and Generalized-tree-tuple-based XML FD (gtFD). The relationships and differences in semantic power between these functional dependencies are analyzed, and some results are obtained as follows: (1) tFD and pFD of the first kind of XML FD have the same expressive power of XML FD. (2) epFD, gFD, and gtFD of the second kind of XML FDs have the same expressive power of XML FD, too. (3) The second kind of XML FD can deal with set elements in XML FD and have more general expressive power than the first kind of XML FD.
Fractal geometry of arterial coronary bifurcations: a quantitative coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound analysis.

AIMS Coronary artery bifurcations present a harmonious asymmetric geometry that is fractal in nature. Interventional treatment of bifurcation lesions is a major technical issue. The present study is aimed at a precise quantification of this geometry in the hope of deriving a formulation that would be simple to calculate. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty seven patients with strictly normal coronarographic results obtained ahead of valve replacement were enrolled, and 27 of these underwent IVUS examination to confirm that their arteries were indeed normal. Three reference diameters were measured: those of the mother vessel (Dm) and of either daughter vessel (Dd1, Dd2). One hundred and seventy-three bifurcations were thus subjected to quantitative analysis. The mean diameter of the mother vessels was 3.33+/-0.94 mm, of the major daughter vessels 2.70+/-0.77 mm, and of the minor daughter vessels 2.23+/-0.68 mm. The ratio R=Dm/(Dd1+Dd2) of mother-vessel diameter to the sum of the two daughter-vessel diameters was 3.39/(2.708+2.236)=0.678. This ratio held at all levels of bifurcation: i.e., whatever diameter the mother vessel. CONCLUSION The study confirmed the fractal nature of the geometry of the epicardial coronary artery tree, and gave a simple and accurate fractal ratio between the diameters of the mother and two daughter vessels such that Dm=0.678 (Dd1+Dd2). This makes it easy to calculate the precise diameter of any of the three vessels when those of the other two are known.
Focal retrograde amnesia and the attribution of causality: An exceptionally critical view

A detailed critique of the literature on focal retrograde amnesia is provided. Some of the cases commonly cited in this literature had, in fact, severely impaired anterograde memory, most often involving visuospatial material. Other cases showed poor anterograde memory in more moderate or subtle form, begging the question of whether “like” had really been compared with “like” across the retrograde and anterograde domains: there may be alternative explanations for the observed patterns of performance. One suggestion is that these patients suffer an impairment of long-term consolidation, an attractive hypothesis but one which requires much more rigorous testing than has occurred to date and which implies that the underlying problem is not specific to retrograde memory. Moreover, within the literature on cases of focal retrograde amnesia, differing patterns of performance on tests of autobiographical memory or remote semantic knowledge have been reported, and sometimes these may have reflected factors other than the sites of lesions. Many of the most convincing cases in this literature have been those in whom there was an initially severe anterograde amnesia as well as an extensive retrograde loss: in these cases, the critical issue is what determines differential patterns of recovery across these domains-it is likely that both physiological and psychological factors are important. A second, somewhat different, group are patients with semantic dementia, who show a pronounced recency effect in remote memory but, in these cases, the most parsimonious explanation may be in terms of predominantly semantic/linguistic and/or strategic factors. A third group are those with transient epileptic amnesia but, in these cases, the memory gaps may reflect past (anterograde) ictal activity. A fourth group are those in whom psychogenic factors may well be relevant. Although it is difficult to “prove” psychological causation, the logical difficulties in attributing causation where brain lesions are either very subtle or multiple have been considerably underestimated in the neuropsychological literature. Given these problems, in uncertain or equivocal cases, it is as critical to present the relevant psychological data for the reader to evaluate as it is to provide the pertinent memory test scores: this is underemphasised in many of the studies reviewed. Publication of cases in the absence of such data may lead to faulty clinical, neuropsychological, and cognitive conclusions. Abbreviations : AA: anterograde amnesia; AMI: Autobiographical Memory Interview; PTA: posttraumatic amnesia; RA: retrograde amnesia; RMT: Recognition Memory Test; TEA: transient epileptic amnesia; TGA: transient global amnesia; WMS: Wechsler Memory Scale.
Inhibition of novel GCN5–ATM axis restricts the onset of acquired drug resistance in leukemia

Leukemia is majorly treated by topoisomerase inhibitors that induce DNA double strand breaks (DSB) resulting in cell death. Consequently, modulation of DSB repair pathway renders leukemic cells resistant to therapy. As we do not fully understand the regulation of DSB repair acquired by resistant cells, targeting these cells has been a challenge. Here we investigated the regulation of DSB repair pathway in early drug resistant population (EDRP) and late drug resistant population (LDRP). We found that doxorubicin induced equal DSBs in parent and EDRP cells; however, cell death is induced only in the parent cells. Further analysis revealed that EDRP cells acquire relaxed chromatin via upregulation of lysine acetyl transferase KAT2A (GCN5). Drug treatment induces GCN5 interaction with ATM facilitating its recruitment to DSB sites. Hyperactivated ATM maximize H2AX, NBS1, BRCA1, Chk2, and Mcl‐1 activation, accelerating DNA repair and survival of EDRP cells. Consequently, inhibition of GCN5 significantly reduces ATM activation and survival of EDRP cells. Contrary to EDRP, doxorubicin failed to induce DSBs in LDRP because of reduced drug uptake and downregulation of TOP2β. Accordingly, ATM inhibition prior to doxorubicin treatment completely eliminated EDRP but not LDRP. Furthermore, baseline AML samples (n = 44) showed significantly higher GCN5 at mRNA and protein levels in MRD positive compared to MRD negative samples. Additionally, meta‐analysis (n = 221) showed high GCN5 expression correlates with poor overall survival. Together, these results provide important insights into the molecular mechanism specific to EDRP and will have implications for the development of novel therapeutics for AML.