Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A TIME-SCALE PROBLEM FOR THE FORMATION OF SOOT PRECURSORS IN PREMIXED FLAMES

LLNL. 2 . The time-duration between Monte Carlo events can be arbitrarily long (depending on the kinetics, model. etc), while in Molecular Dynamics, we require time steps which are a small fraction of a vibrational period. So the combination of the two techniques spans two time- and equilibrium scales. The reaction rates among the compounds present in the system are calculated using electronic configuration methods, and they are specified as probabilities. This approach is designed to preserve atomistic scale structure: a single particle evolves in time with real three-dimensional structure (bonds, bond-angles, dihedral angles). Some preliminary results have been reported in an earlier publication for the simulation of the evolution of soot precursors in an ethylene premixed laminar flame. 1,3 In this paper the KMC/MD code is used to study the growth of aromatic structures to a nano-size range in the soot inception zone of aromatic and aliphatic laminar flames. The aromatic growth process strongly depends on the specific local regime, which is characterized by several experimental factors such as temperature, concentration of hydrogen, PAH, etc., and it is interesting to understand the influence of different environments on structural properties of the compounds formed. The use of this approach enables the investigation on the physical as well as chemical properties of the carbonaceous nanoparticles formed, such as H/C ratio, and particle morphology. After summarizing in the following section the methodological details of the computations performed, the results of hydrocarbon compounds growth are discussed in two different environments represented by low pressure aromatic and aliphatic flames.
Manufacture and Test of a Small Ceramic-Insulated Nb$_{3}$Sn Split Solenoid

A small split solenoid wound with high-Jc Nb3Sn conductor, constituted by a 0.8 mm Rod Re-stack Process (RRP) strand, was built and tested at CERN in order to study the applicability of: 1) ceramic wet glass braid insulation without epoxy impregnation of the magnet; 2) a new heat treatment devised at CERN and particularly suitable for reacting RRP Nb3Sn strands. This paper briefly describes the solenoid and the experimental results obtained during 4.4 K and 1.9 K tests. The split solenoid consists of two coils (25 mm inner diameter, 51.1 mm outer diameter, 12.9 mm height). The coils were initially separately tested, in an iron mirror configuration, and then tested together in split solenoid configuration. In all the tests at 4.4 K the coils reached a current higher than 95 % of their short sample limits at the first quench; in split solenoid configuration the maximum field values in the coils and in the aperture were respectively 10.7 T and 12.5 T. At 1.9 K the coils had premature quenches due to self field instability despite the rather high RRR of the two coils (190 and 270). This phenomenon at 1.9 K, predicted by our theory [1], was confirmed by strand measurements.
Lessons learned in Moving to Continuous Auditing, Applicable for the Public Sector

For decades, organizations have shown interest in more continuous methods to monitor and audit their business processes. The ‘Continuous Auditing and Monitoring’-paradigm promises large expected benefits in e ciency and e↵ectivity. Recently, urgency has risen, practical solutions have been introduced, and first implementations have been achieved. We have interviewed the frontrunners from various relevant backgrounds, generating applicable focus areas, including di↵erences between sectors, in processes, and paradigm-specific challenges.
Quantifying the effect of baryon physics on weak lensing tomography

We use matter power spectra from cosmological hydrodynamic simulations to quantify the effect of baryon physics on the weak gravitational lensing shear signal. The simulations consider a number of processes, such as radiative cooling, star formation, supernovae and feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGN). Van Daalen et al. (2011) used the same simulations to show that baryon physics, in particular the strong feedba ck that is required to solve the overcooling problem, modifies the matter power spectrum on s cales relevant for cosmological weak lensing studies. As a result, the use of power spectra fr om dark matter simulations can lead to significant biases in the inferred cosmological para meters. We show that the typical biases are much larger than the precision with which future missions aim to constrain the dark energy equation of state, w0. For instance, the simulation with AGN feedback, which reproduces X-ray and optical properties of groups of galaxies, gi ves rise to a � 40% bias in w0. We also explore the effect of baryon physics on constraints on m, σ8, the running of the spectral index, the mass of the neutrinos and models of warm dark matter. We demonstrate that the modification of the power spectrum is dominated by groups and clusters of galaxies, the effect of which can be modelled. We consider an approach based on the popular halo model and show that simple modifications can capture the main features of baryonic feedback. Despite its simplicity, we find that our model, when calibrated on the simulations, is able to reduce the bias in w0 to a level comparable to the size of the statistical uncertai nties for a Euclid-like mission. While observations of the gas and stellar fraction s as a function of halo mass can be used to calibrate the model, hydrodynamic simulations will likely still be needed to extend the observed scaling relations down to halo masses of 10 12 h −1 M⊙.
Proposed Architecture for Automatic Conversion of Unstructured Text Data into Structured Text Data on the Web

Data mining, and in particular text mining, has attracted much attention in recent years due to the vast amounts of data available, and the rate of growth. Data mining tools can be used to uncover patterns or hidden relations in the available data, and can potentially contribute greatly to business strategy decisions, knowledge bases, and scientific and medical research. In contrast to data mining, where one looks for patterns and knowledge in structured databases, text mining deals with unstructured, or semi structured, text data such as reports, emails or web-pages.
Rank Learning Model of Cross-media Retrieval based on Structured SVM

The diversity of Internet information increases the users’ retrieval requirements for the multimedia data across different modals. Compared with existing one-across-one retrieval approaches to get results in only one media modal, we focus on the one-across-all retrieval model to acquire related results from multiple media modals. Ranking is crucial for the quality of information retrieval. A rank learning model for cross-media retrieval is proposed, it takes advantage of listwise rank learning method, utilizes structured SVM framework construct optimization with ranking criteria to learn relevance mapping functions. Application prototype shows that this rank learning method is effective to gain relevant cross-media retrieval results.
MITOS KECANTIKAN PEREMPUAN MUSLIM (Studi Diskursif dalam Blog Fashion Muslim)

Penelitian ini mengenai mitos kecantikan perempuan muslim, sebuah studi diskursif dalam blog fashion muslim. Penelitian menjadi penting dan menarik karena dalam media blog fashion muslim, perempuan muslim menjadi memiliki kontribusi membentuk konsep kecantikan baru melalui fashion hijab. Berdasarkan wacana kecantikan yang dipaparkan melalui teks tertulis dan gambar, blog fashion muslim menawarkan gambaran ideal seorang muslimah, yang mengawinkan konsep spiritual dan material. Sebagai penelitian kualitatif dengan metode analisis wacana, penelitian ini menggunakan teori wacana Perempuan Sara Mills dan teori mitos milik Roland Barthes, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali bagaimana fashion hijab sebagai identitas perempuan muslim diwacanakan dalam blog fashion muslim menjadi suatu konsep kecantikan, selain itu untuk menggali bagaimana wacana kecantikan perempuan muslim yang dijadikan komoditas melalui mitos. Analisis data dibagi menjadi dua bagian yaitu analisis konsep kecantikan yang dimitoskan dan analisis mitos kecantikan yang dikomodifikasi. Analisis difokuskan pada teks tertulis dan visual yang ada dalam blog. Melalui analisis data tersebut diketahui bahwa dari blog-blog fashion muslim yang diteliti ada beberapa konsep kecantikan yang ingin ditawarkan ke pada publik diantaranya cantik secara spiritual (inner beauty), lahiriyah (outer beauty) dan gabungan antara keduanya (inner-outer beauty). Konsep cantik penggunaan fashion hijab ternyata menggiring para peminatnya untuk bermuara pada mitos kecantikan. Mitos kecantikan yang ada dalam blog fashion muslim ternyata masih dipengaruhi oleh budaya patriarkhi. Hijab fashion yang dimitoskan memiliki kekuatan dalam menambah kadar kecantikan perempuan, ternyata juga mengalami komodifikasi. Mitos ditumbuhkan dalam masyarakat sebagai alat untuk menarik banyak konsumen.
Environmental and social influences on calling effort in the prairie mole cricket (Gryllotalpa major)

Sexual advertisement in the form of acoustic display is energetically expensive. Calling effort, or metabolic energy expended specifically for advertisement, is adjusted in some species in response to competition from other males or to changes in climatic conditions. The prairie mole cricket (GrjUotatpa -major) is a rare insect of die south-central United States that produces its calling song, or advertisement rail, from a specially constructed burrow in taDgrass prairie soiL I found that prairie mole cricket males do not adjust their call amplitude with competition or female availability, nor do they vary amplitude with soil temperature or moisture within their established range of calling conditions. Chirp rate adjustments were made with social interactions and changes in soil temperature, but group size did not influence calling effort Males produced more complex calls in response to closer calling neighbors, but prairie mole cricket males may selectively respond to only the nearest one to two neighbors. Kty words: acoustic signaling, calling effort, Gryllotalpa major, prairie mole cricket, sexual advertisement. {Bthav Ecol 9:101108 (1998)]
Empirical phi-divergence test-statistics for the equalityof means of two populations

Empirical phi-divergence test-statistics have demostrated to be a useful technique for the simple null hypothesis to improve the finite sample behaviour of the classical likelihood ratio test-statistic, as well asfor model misspecification problems, in both cases for the one population problem. This paper introduces this methodology for two sample problems. A simulation study illustrates situations in which the new test-statistics become a competitive tool with respect to the classical z-test and the likelihood ratio test-statistic.
The Expression of Cancer/Testis Antigens in Kidney and Bladder Malignancies

Background: Cancer/testis antigens (CTA) are aberrantly expressed in various tumors, including urologic malignancies. Decreased expression of these highly immunogenic antigens might confer low immunogenicity, allowing tumors to escape immune monitoring and grow unimpeded. We obtained tissue from surgical specimens of patients with kidney and bladder cancers and compared the expression of various CTA in tumor and non-tumor specimens. Methods and Findings: Surgical specimens from radical nephrectomies and cystectomies were obtained from the Virginia Commonwealth University’s tissue bank. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to compare CTA expression in normal and tumor tissues. Expression of CTA was significantly increased in high grade kidney tumors compared to normal tissues (p<0.001) and compared to low grade tumors (P<0.001). Comparing expression in Fuhrman grade IV tumors to expression of tumors with Fuhrman grades I-III, 12 of the 13 CTA studied – SSX2 (P<0.001), SPA17 (P=0.024), CEP55 (P<0.001), TEX14 (P=0.008), TEX15 (P=0.009), ODF4 (P=0.008), AKAP4 (P=0.006), ACRBP P<0.001), PAGE4 (P<0.001), MAGEA4 (P=0.013), BORIS (P=0.024) and TSGA10 (P=0.021) – showed significantly increased expression. In contrast, expression of CTA was significantly decreased in tumor samples compared to normal tissue (p<0.001). In the bladder cancer specimens analyzed, expression of the CTA studied was significantly less than in the tumoradjacent control samples (P<0.001) Conclusions: CTA are expressed in urologic malignancies. Expression levels vary and may depend on tumor type. Our results showed mostly decreased expression of examined CTA in human bladder cancer tissues which may help cancer cells to avoid detection by immune competent cells and escape immune surveillance. Use of hypomethylating agents, which have been shown to increase the expression of CTA in various tumors, may have therapeutic value in these patients. Robust expression of these highly immunogenic genes in kidney cancer tissue may be used to design targeted vaccine therapies with possible tailoring to the individual patient depending on expression of a particular gene.
New Multi-Country Evidence on Purchasing Power Parity: Multivariate Unit Root Test Results

In this paper a likelihood-based multivariate unit root testing framework is utilized to test whether the real exchange rates of G10 countries are non-stationary. The framework uses a likelihood ratio statistic which combines the information across all involved countries while retaining heterogeneous rates of mean reversion. This likelihood ratio statistic has an asymptotic distribution which can be typified as a summation of squared, univariate Dickey and Fuller (1979) distributions. Our multivariate unit root tests indicate that bilateral G10 real exchange rates are stationary, irrespective of the numeraire country. We also analyze per panel the time necessary to have an adjustment to a shock in the individual real exchange rates. From this analysis it becomes apparent that there are significant cross-country differences in the adjustment of individual real exchange rates within each panel.
Interlocked sustainable use of multiple fish stocks: modelling biological and socio-economic conditions in Finnish vendace (Coregonus albula (L.)) fisheries

Using economic and historical yield data models in this paper we outline the socio-economic and ecological conditions for sustainable use of fish resources in commercial lake fisheries in Finland, in the context of fragmented private ownership and owner-based management. Interlocked use refers to area greater than the typical current area on one or two lakes, and that could be used as a joint resource by the fishers in the area. The results of the economic model show that the management of the interlocked fishery, in particular by encouraging mobility of fishers, can produce higher sustainable economic benefits from the fishery. The yield data analysis shows that an interlocked resource may considerably decrease fluctuations of yield in commercial vendace fisheries. This implies that the interlocked use approach would increase the cost-effectiveness and decrease the interannual variability in income to the fishers, thus promoting sustainability in the fishery and making it potentially a more viable livelihood in rural areas.
High-power piezoelectric acoustic-electric power feedthru for metal walls

Piezoelectric acoustic-electric power feed-through devices transfer electric power wirelessly through a solid wall using elastic waves. This approach allows for the elimination of the need for holes through structures for cabling or electrical feed-thrus . The technology supplies power to electric equipment inside sealed containers, vacuum or pressure vessels, etc where holes in the wall are prohibitive or may result in significant performance degradation or requires complex designs. In the our previous work, 100-W of electric power was transferred through a metal wall by a small, piezoelectric device with a simple-structure. To meet requirements of higher power applications, the feasibility to transfer kilowatts level power was investigated. Pre-stressed longitudinal piezoelectric feed-thru devices were analyzed by finite element modeling. An equivalent circuit model was developed to predict the characteristics of power transfer to different electric loads. Based on the analytical results, a prototype device was designed, fabricated and successfully demonstrated to transfer electric power at a level of 1-kW. Methods of minimizing plate wave excitation on the wall were also analyzed. Both model analysis and experimental results are presented in detail in this paper.
Fabrication and Fatigue Testing of an Electrostatically Driven Microcantilever Beam

ABSTRACT The reliability of a microelectromechanical system is an essential issue before the microdevice can be applied in practice. It is indispensable to investigate the mechanical properties of a microstructure to meet the requirements for longer lifetime and reliable performance. This paper studies the fabrication and the fatigue characteristics of a microcantilever beam, which is among the most widely employed microstructures in sensors and actuators. A pad is fabricated at the free end of the beam for larger effective external electrostatic load on the specimen. In fatigue tests, the specimen is actuated by the electrical voltage of 150 and 200 V at 100 Hz. The deflection of the beam is measured by the laser Doppler vibrometer. Based on the experimental results and ANSYS calculation, the displacement of the free end of the beam increases with the beam length and the applied load, and ranges from 61 to 600 nm. The fatigue life lies between 6.1 × 106 and 1.4 × 108 cycles. These results are consistent with the reference of a microcantilever beam subject to magnetic load.
APPARENT COOLING IN THE TROPICAL PACIFIC DURING THE MAASTRICHTIAN AND DIAGENETIC ARTIFACTS IN LATE CRETACEOUS STABLE ISOTOPIC TRENDS IN BULK CARBONATE FROM ONTONG JAVA PLATEAU 1

Stable isotopic analyses of bulk carbonates recovered from Ontong Java Plateau during Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 192 (Holes 1183A and 1186A) show an ~0.5‰ increase in δ18O values from the upper Campanian/lower Maastrichtian to the upper Maastrichtian. This shift is consistent with widespread evidence for cooling at this time. Similar shifts were found at other localities on Ontong Java Plateau (Deep Sea Drilling Project [DSDP] Sites 288 and 289 and ODP Site 807) and at DSDP Site 317 on Manihiki Plateau. These data extend evidence for Maastrichtian cooling into the southwestern tropical and subtropical Pacific. The record of apparent cooling survives despite a significant diagenetic overprint at all sites. Comparing average Maastrichtian δ18O values among sites suggests that diagenesis caused δ18O to first be shifted toward higher values and then back toward lower values as burial depth increased. Carbon isotopes at the six sites show no apparent primary shifts, but at four sites, the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary interval coincides with a negative excursion attributed to alteration of sediments near the boundary. 1MacLeod, K.G. , and Bergen, J.A. , 2004. Apparent cooling in the tropical Pacific during the Maastrichtian and diagenetic artifacts in Late Cretaceous stable isotopic trends in bulk carbonate from Ontong Java Plateau. In Fitton, J.G. , Mahoney, J.J., Wallace, P.J., and Saunders, A.D. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 192, 1–15 [Online]. Available from World Wide Web: <http://www-odp.tamu. edu/ publications/192_SR/VOLUME/ CHAPTERS/108.PDF>. [Cited YYYYMM-DD] 2Department of Geological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia MO 65211-1380, USA. macleodk@missouri.edu 3BP America, 501 Westlake Park Boulevard, Houston TX 77079, USA. Initial receipt: 31 July 2003 Acceptance: 29 January 2004 Web publication: ## Month 2004
An Examination of Challenges and Prospects of Microfinance Institutions in Ghana

The dismal performance of the conventional finance sectors triggered the advocation of micro-financing by policy makers, practitioners, and international organizations as a tool for poverty reduction. The essence was to reach the overwhelming population of the poor to assist in the drive to alleviate poverty. The paper examines the challenges and prospects of microfinance institutions in Ghana. Relevant literatures were reviewed to bring out salient issues on the subject matter of this paper. The chief source of information for this write up is secondary method of data collection. It was discovered that the key constraints faced by MFIs in Ghana include poor regulatory environment, regular vicissitudes in government policies, paucity of capital, inadequate skills and professionalism, infrastructural inadequacies, socio-cultural misconceptions, corruption, frauds and forgeries and poor corporate governance. Despite this plethora of challenges, the study identified growing entrepreneurial awareness, increasing government interest, large unbanked and/or underserved rural area and high population of poor and low income households and their microenterprises as opportunities that exist for MFIs subsector. This paper recommends among others, establishment Microfinance Development Fund to support capacity building for the sub-sector on an on-going basis, establishment of National Deposit Insurance Corporation to improve public confidence and trust in MFIs subsector and provision of adequate logistics such as telecommunications and information technology to support the operations of MFIs and make them more efficient in rendering affordable services. Keywords: Microfinance, Poverty, Capacity Building and Strategy, Rural Development, Challenges
Comparison of Clinicopathological Characteristics of BRCA1 Associated Breast Cancer Cases with BRCA1 Negative Breast Cancer Cases: A Prospective Study of 100 Women in Tertiary Care Cancer Hospital

Aims and Objectives: Mutations in BRCA1 gene are associated with greater risk of developing breast cancer. We determined whether clinicopathological characteristics of the tumour differ in patients with and without BRCA 1 expression. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in 100 cases of breast carcinomas received as lumpectomy or mastectomy specimens in the Department of Pathology, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences, Amritsar over a period of one year(between November 2013 and
Estate agent language

At a time when the term ‘property porn’ makes its way onto the pages of the newest dictionaries (‘a genre of escapist TV programmes, magazine features etc, showing desirable properties for sale, especially those in idyllic locations, or in need of renovation, or both’; Collins Dictionary 2005 edition), we thought it would be fun to look at some of the most lurid examples of real estate advertising we have encountered. Taken from the pages of New Zealand’s Property Press, they make their UK equivalents with their restrained descriptions of ‘solid 1930’s semis’ and ‘convenient townhouses’ look like very half-hearted attempts at persuasion.