Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Potential source and sink locations for climate‐driven species range shifts in Europe since the Last Glacial Maximum

Aim To identify potential source and sink locations for climate-driven species range shifts in Europe since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Location Europe. Methods We developed a new approach combining past-climate simulations with the concept of analogous climate space. Our index gives a continuous measure of the potential of a location to have acted as a source or a sink for species that have shifted their ranges since the LGM. High glacial source potential is indicated by LGM climatic conditions that are widespread now; high post-glacial sink potential is indicated by current climatic conditions that were widespread at the LGM. The degree of isolation of source and sink areas was calculated as the median distance to areas with analogous climate conditions. Results We identified areas of high glacial source potential in the previously recognized refugial areas in the southern European peninsulas, but also in large areas in central-western Europe. The most climatically isolated source areas were located in northern Spain, in north-western Europe and in eastern Turkey. From here species would have had to cover substantial distances to find current climate conditions analogous to LGM conditions of these areas. Areas with high post-glacial sink potential were mainly located in Fennoscandia and in central and south-eastern Europe. Some of the most isolated sink areas were located in the Spanish highlands and around the Baltic Sea. Main conclusions Our species-independent approach successfully identified previously recognized glacial refugial areas with high source potential for species range shifts in southern Europe and in addition highlighted other potential source areas in central Europe. This study offers new insights into how the distribution of past and current climatic conditions may have influenced past species range shifts and current large-scale biodiversity patterns.
Development of the Dermoskeleton in Superciliaspis gabrielsei (Agnatha: Osteostraci)

Abstract Osteostracans are Paleozoic jawless vertebrates, likely the sister group to gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates). It was previously believed that the osteostracan dermoskeleton began ossification when the individual neared adult size, restricting further growth once a dermoskeletal covering was achieved. However, we describe here small, well-preserved articulated specimens of the osteostracan Superciliaspis gabrielsei. These specimens are the best-known juvenile osteostracans, and document dermoskeletal development at an evolutionary stage highly relevant to the origin of gnathostomes. Ossification began before the animal reached 20% of adult size. Bones grew by multiple means, including initiation of new bone units, marginal growth, and fusion into larger bones. In the head, paired elements were among the first to ossify. In the trunk dermoskeleton of juvenile heterostracans, bones developed first along the midline, but in Superciliaspis gabrielsei, a lateral to median polarity is seen, with ventrolateral ridge scales the first to appear.
Aspectos biológicos, com ênfase na reprodução das fêmeas, das principais espécies de Sciaenidae da Baía de Santos, costa central do Estado de São Paulo

The goal of this study was to describe the biological aspects of Sciaenid species in Santos bay. Samplings were performed monthly, between November/2004 to December/2005. The specific composition; the population structures of ten species, including the age and growth; the reproductive biology of four species and the type of fecundity of Stellifer rastrifer were studied. In the present study 29,306 individuals were caught, belonging to 13 genus and 21 species, with the specie Stellifer rastrifer represented 70.4%, followed by Isopisthus parvipinnis and S. brasiliensis, resulting in 85% of the total Sciaenid composition. The Santos bay is mainly characterized by juveniles, with the recruitment of new individuals to the population occurring in several periods of the year. The reproductive analysis and the histological confirmation of the maturation stages indicated which the four main species studied complete their reproductive cycle in this region. The histological analysis indicated some errors in the identification of the macroscopic ovary stages, i.e., females classified as “in maturation” (stage B) were reclassified as “in reorganization” after the microscopic analysis. Hydrated females of Isopisthus parvipinnis and Stellifer brasiliensis occurred during the summer months while the hydrated females of Paralonchurus brasiliensis in the winter. The specie Stellifer rastrifer showed the oocytes diameter distribution in continuous pattern, indicating that the species has asynchronous development and indeterminate fecundity. Key-words: Sciaenidae, Santos bay, biological structure, reproductive parameters, Stellifer rastrifer.
Audit Committee Stock Options and Financial Reporting Quality after the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

SUMMARY: The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) and its associated regulations significantly expanded the oversight role of audit committees and improved independence, but regulators bypassed restrictions on audit committee equity incentives. We examine the association of audit committee members' equity incentives and financial reporting quality in the post-SOX time period. We find that audit committee members' stock-option awards and holdings are positively associated with the likelihood of meeting/beating analyst earnings forecasts. On average, a company whose audit committee holds the mean value of exercisable option holdings is associated with a 10.0 percent increase in the likelihood of meeting or just beating its consensus analyst forecast. This effect increases to 17.8 percent for companies with high-growth opportunities. These results suggest that—even in the post-SOX era—the stock-option incentives provided to independent audit committee members are associated with reduced financial reporting quality. JEL.
Fungicide and cultivar affect post-anthesis patterns of nitrogen uptake, remobilization and utilization efficiency in wheat

Three successive field experiments (2000/01–2002/03) assessed the effect of wheat cultivar (Consort, Hereward and Shamrock) and fungicide (epoxiconazole and azoxystrobin) applied at and after flag leaf emergence on the nitrogen in the above-ground crop (Total N) and grain (Grain N), net nitrogen remobilization from non-grain tissues (Remobilized N), grain dry matter (Grain DM), and nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtEg=Grain DM/Total N). Ordinary logistic curves were fitted to the accumulation of Grain N, Grain DM and Remobilized N against thermal time after anthesis and used to simultaneously derive fits for Total N and NUtEg. When disease was controlled, Consort achieved the greatest Grain DM, Total N, Grain N and NUtEg; in each case due mostly to longer durations, rather than quicker rates, of accumulation. Fungicide application increased final Grain DM, Grain N, Total N and Remobilized N, also mostly through effects on duration rather than rate of accumulation. Completely senesced leaf laminas retained less nitrogen when fungicide had been applied compared with leaf laminas previously infected severely with brown rust (Puccinia recondita) and Septoria tritici, or with just S. tritici. Late movement of nitrogen out of fungicide-treated laminas contributed to extended duration of both nitrogen remobilization and grain N filling, and meant that increases in NUtEg could occur without simultaneous reductions in grain N concentration.
Census, habitat preference, and polyspecific associations of six monkeys in the Lomako Forest, Zaire

This paper reports preliminary data on a number of poorly known cercopithecids inhabiting the Lomako Forest, Zaire. Data include those on density, biomass, group size, the relationship between group type (mono vs. polyspecific) and forest type (mixed primary, secondary, monodominant primary, and swamp), and vertical stratification. Species examined are Colobus angolensis, Cercocebus aterrimus, Cercopithecus wolfi, Cercopithecus ascanius, Cercopithecus neglectus, and Allenopithecus nigroviridis. The density and biomass for the Lomako Forest anthropoids (excluding Cercopithecus neglectus and A. nigroviridis) are 165 ind/km2 and 1,034 kg/km2, respectively. Cercopithecus wolfi and Colobus angolensis are found in group sizes similar to those reported from other sites while Cercopithecus ascanius, Cercocebus aterrimus, and A. nigroviridis display group sizes unique to the Lomako. While Colobus angolensis, Cercocebus aterrimus, Cercopithecus ascanius and Cercopithecus wolfi were found, to varying extents, in all four forest types, Cercopithecus neglectus and A. nigroviridis inhabited only swamp forest. The different species sort out along vertical continua both within and between the four forest types. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comments on ``Monitoring and Understanding Trends in Extreme Storms: State of Knowledge''

1175 JULY 2015 AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY | DOI:10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00211.1 K unkel et al. (2013) reviewed the state of the science with regards to long-term changes and trends of various extreme storms that impact the continental United States. In particular, they addressed severe convective storms, precipitation, snowstorms, and—of interest to this comment— hurricanes. All of the analyses presented in Kunkel et al. (2013) (their Figs. 1–7 and Tables 1 and 2) were focused on observations taken over the continental United States, with the notable exception of hurr icanes. Instead, their F i g . 5 pr o v i d e d d a t a (updated from Kossin et al. 2007) for the entire North Atlantic and northwestern Pacific basins going back only to 1970 in the form of power dissipation index (PDI). They did reference one study on U.S. hurricane activity (Landsea 2 0 05) a nd ment ione d that it indicated no significant long-term trends. That paper, however, is now dated because of the passing of a decade of new observations as well as revisions being made to the first half of the twentieth century U.S. hurricane record through the Atlantic hurricane database project (Landsea et al. 2008, 2012, 2014; Hagen et al. 2012). Given that Kunkel et al.’s (2013) goal was to “present a clear record . about what is known and unknown and why about . extreme weather and climate types affecting the United States” (p. 499), this comment examines the most up-to-date record of U.S. hurricanes and the associated century timescale trends. Hurricanes striking the continental United States compose a sizable percentage (23%) of all Atlantic basin hurricanes since 1972, the first year for reliable all Atlantic basin hurricane frequency owing to the invention of Dvorak satellite intensity technique (Dvorak 1975) coupled with available satellite imagery for the basin. The rather lengthy coastline of the United States tends to experience more hurricane strikes in busy seasons, but not
Extensive Characterization of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Marker Expression on Freshly Isolated and In Vitro Expanded Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells from Breast Cancer Patients

Variation in numbers and functions of cells in fat tissues may affect therapeutic outcomes and adverse events after autologous fat tissue grafting in postmastectomy breast cancer patients; however, the relevant information regarding cellular components is still incomplete. Phenotypic characterization of heterogeneous cell subsets in stromal vascular fraction (SVF) isolated from fat tissues by flow cytometry was also limited to a combination of few molecules. This study, therefore, developed a polychromatic staining panel for an in-depth characterization of freshly isolated SVF and expanded adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) from the patients. ADSC were found predominant in SVF (~65% of CD45− cells) with a homogenous phenotype of CD13+CD31−CD34+CD45−CD73+CD90+CD105−CD146− (~94% of total ADSC). Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) and pericytes were minor (~18% and ~11% of CD45− cells, respectively) with large heterogeneity. Downregulation of CD34 and upregulation of CD105 in ADSC were profound at passage 3, showing a phenotype similar to the classical mesenchymal stem cells from the bone marrow. Results from this study demonstrated that fat tissue collected from patients contains ADSC with a highly homogenous phenotype. The in vitro culture of these cells maintained their homogeneity with modified CD34 and CD105 expression, suggesting the expansion from a single population of ADSC.
Facile Electrochemical Demethylation of 2-Methoxyphenol to Surface-Confined Catechol on the MWCNT and Its Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrazine Oxidation and Sensing Applications

Owing to its biological significance, preparation of stable surface-confined catechol (CA) is a long-standing interest in electrochemistry and surface chemistry. In this connection, various chemical approaches such as covalent immobilization (using amine- and carboxylate-functionalized CA, diazotization-based coupling, and Michael addition reaction), self-assembled monolayer on gold (thiol-functionalized CA is assembled on the gold surface), CA adsorption on the ad-layer of a defect-free single-crystal Pt surface, π–π bonding, CA pendant metal complexes, and CA-functionalized polymer-modified electrodes have been reported in the literature. In general, these conventional methods are involved with a series of time-consuming synthetic procedures. Indeed, the preparation of a surface-fouling-free surface-confined system is a challenging task. Herein, we introduce a new and facile approach based on electrochemical demethylation of 2-methoxyphenol as a precursor on the graphitic surface (MWCNT) at a bias potential, 0.5 V vs Ag/AgCl in neutral pH solution. Such an electrochemical performance resulted in the development of a stable and well-defined redox peak at Eo’ = 0.15 (A2/C2) V vs Ag/AgCl within 10 min of preparation time in pH 7 phosphate buffer solution. Calculated surface excess (16.65 × 10–9 mol cm–2) is about 10–1000 times higher than the values reported with other preparation methods. The product (catechol) formed on the modified electrode was confirmed by collective electrochemical and physicochemical characterizations such as potential segment analysis, TEM, Raman, IR, UV–vis, GC–MS, and NMR spectroscopic techniques, and thin-layer chromatographic studies. The electrocatalytic efficiency of the surface-confined CA system was demonstrated by studying hydrazine oxidation and sensing reactions in a neutral pH solution. This new system is found to be tolerant to various interfering biochemicals such as uric acid, xanthine, hypoxanthine, glucose, nitrate, hydrogen peroxide, ascorbic acid, Cu2+, and Fe2+. Since the approach is simple, rapid, and reproducible, a variety of surface-confined CA systems can be prepared.
ARTIFICIAL INDUCTION OF LACTATION IN NONBREEDER DAIRY COWS

Thirty-four cows (26 Holsteins and 8 Jerseys) were subjected to an estrous synchronization protocol administering 2 PGF2α injections 11 d apart prior to beginning the lactation-induction protocol. Artificial induction of lactation yielded a 92% success rate for Holstein cows with success defined as achieving >9 kg milk/d, and a 88% success rate for Jersey cows with success defined as achieving > 5 kg milk/d. Mean accumulated milk yield for induced cows at 150 DIM was 65% of mean yield for nontreated cows. Mean peak milk yield for lactationinduced Holsteins and Jerseys was 32 kg/d and 20 kg/d, respectively. Mean serum and milk progesterone concentrations for samples collected during the first 6 d of lactation were not different between lactation-induced and nontreated cows. However, mean serum estradiol concentrations for induced cows were higher (P <0.05) in samples collected 3 and 5 DIM. Lactation-induced cows exhibited an increase in serum alpha-lactalbumin concentrations 2 d prior to initiation of milking, reaching values of ~260 ng/ml. Mean days-to-first service was greatly reduced in cows induced into lactation compared to nontreated cows, while mean services per conception was similar between induced and nontreated cows. Mean days to conception was lower for induced cows than for nontreated cows. By 150 DIM, pregnancy rate of induced cows was 70%, whereas nontreated cows averaged 56% pregnancy rate.
Computed tomography calcium scoring association and reclassification of clinical cardiovascular risk in asymptomatic Mexican patients

Objectives: To establish tailored preventive treatment, we studied the ability of coronary artery calcium scoring to reclassify patients with intermediate cardiovascular risk and its association with additional risk factors in our Mexican preventive care center. Materials and methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed 520 asymptomatic patients from a Mexican primary prevention population between 2014 and 2018. Coronary artery calcium scoring, laboratory results, and anthropometric measurements (abdominal circumference and body mass index) were assessed. The Framingham risk score and American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC) atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk algorithm were calculated. Correlations between coronary artery calcium scoring, anthropometric measurements, and clinical cardiovascular risk scores were assessed. We assessed the ability of coronary artery calcium scoring to reclassify patients recommended for statin therapy compared with the cardiovascular risk scores. Results: Patients had a mean age of 67.5 years (SD ± 9.8) and 294 subjects (56.5%) were male. Coronary artery calcium scoring has a positive correlation with age, AHA/ACC atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk algorithm, and Framingham risk score (p < 0.001 for all). Coronary artery calcium scoring was prevalent, occurring in 63.2% of patients with a median Agatston score of 22 with and interquartile range of 178. Male gender, older age, smoking habit, diabetes, and abdominal circumference were independent predictors of coronary artery calcium scoring (p < 0.001). Coronary artery calcium scoring downwardly reclassified 44.9% of patients in intermediate cardiovascular risk categories by the AHA/ACC atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk algorithm and 43.9% by the Framingham risk score. Coronary artery calcium scoring upwardly reclassified 46.8% of patients in intermediate risk categories by the AHA/ACC atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk algorithm and 56% by the Framingham risk score. Conclusion: Coronary artery calcium scoring is prevalent in this Mexican primary prevention cohort and has the ability to reclassify a significant percentage of intermediate cardiovascular risk patients.
Grapevine cultivar 'Alfrocheiro' or 'Bruñal' plays a primary role in the relationship among Iberian grapevines

The grapevine cultivar known in Portugal as 'Alfrocheiro', and in Spain as 'Bastardo Negro', 'Brunal' or 'Baboso Negro', plays a central role in the genetic network of the Iberian Peninsula grapevine cultivars. Three sets of different molecular markers, SNPs, nSSRs and cpSSRs, revealed more than twenty parent-offspring links with this cultivar. 'Alfrocheiro' chlorotype is definitely Western European but their parents are still unknown. The distribution of the cultivar, their offspring as well as the two main co-parents direct to a geographic origin around the Portuguese and Spanish border. This cultivar and their progenies represent about 15 % of the total grapevine acreage in Portugal, stressing the importance of 'Alfrocheiro' in the Portuguese wine character.
Influence of Irrigation Regimes and Poplar Clones on Densities of Empoasca decedens (Hom.: Cicadellidae), Salicicola kermanensis (Hom.: Diaspididae) and Diaspidiotus slavoncus (Hom.: Diaspididae) in Karaj, Iran

During the years 2009-2010, effects of irrigation regimes and nine poplar clones on density of three sucking pests, Empoasca decedens Paoli, Salicicola kermanensis (Lindinger) and Diaspidiotus slavoncus (Green) were studied in Alborz Research Station of Karaj. This study was carried out under split plot design. 4, 8 and 12 days irrigation intervals were considered as main treatment by 3 replications and nine poplar clones as secondary treatments. For sampling of E. decedens and D. slavoncus, separately four trees from each secondary plot and eight leaves from each tree were chosen, randomly. Then numbers of different nymph instar of E. decedens and the scales were enumerated. During S. kermanensis sampling, first four trees from each secondary plot then four branches from each tree were selected. Next the numbers of scales on 10 cm of each branch were counted. Finally, the numbers of each pest were calculated in surface unit. Obtained data analyzed by SAS software. The results showed irrigation regimes, poplar species and clones and interaction of them affected on the pests densities, significantly ( α< 0.05). The highest density of them was seen under 12 day irrigation regimes. The highest density of E. decedens was on P. a. 44.9. The highest density of S. kermanensis was obtained on P. n. 42.78 and P. trichocarpa . The highest density of D. slavoncus was on P. n. 42.78 . The highest densities of E. decedens and D. slavoncus were observed on P. a. 44.9 and P. n. 42.78 in 12 days irrigation regimes, respectively . Also , the highest density of S. kermanensis was on P. n. 42.78 and P. trichocarpa under 12 days. It seems irrigation could change the density of the pests on poplar.
Detection of Salmonella by the Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) Technique

The MOPC 467 Bio-Enzabead™ enzyme immunoassay (EIA) identified 335 (92.8%) of 361 Salmonella strains tested and gave false positive reactions with 5 (6.5%) of 77 strains of nonsalmonellae. Lack of specificity was particularly prominent with S. typhi but not restricted to any one of the 25 somatic groupings represented in this study. Four of the five false-positive reactions were attributed to Citrobacter freundii. The EIA assay identified 27 (96%) of 28 naturally contaminated foods and produced 16 (25%) false positive reactions which were mainly associated with Citrobacter spp. Attempts at method brevity underlined the importance of M broth post-enrichment and centrifugation for maximum method sensitivity and the inadequacy of EIA for detection of Salmonella in preenrichment and enrichment cultures.
Radar cross section reduction of microstrip antenna based on wide-band metamaterial absorber

We design a wide-band metamaterial absorber (WBMA) with stable polarization and wide incident angle by loading a lumped resistance. The full-width at half-maximum of the absorber is 98%, the bandwidth of absorbing rate of more than 90% reaches 10.42 GHz, and the peak absorbing rate is 99.9% in the normal wave incidence. Loading the WBMA around the microstrip antenna by sharing the same substrate and ground plane, we fabricate the WBMA antenna, whose radar cross section (RCS) sharply decreases in the wide frequency range. Simulation and experimental results show that the antenna's radiation pattern is almost unchanged: just only the former gain improves 0.53 dB after loading the WBMA. Under different polarized waves, the antenna's monostatic RCS reduction is more than 3 dB within the working frequency band and beyond the working frequency band (6.95-17.91 GHz), the maximum value is 21.2 dB. The bistatic RCS decreases significantly from -48° to 48° at the middle working frequency (8 GHz), which well achieves the antenna stealth at the wide-band frequency and wide angle.