Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analyse de vulnérabilités et évaluation de systèmes de détection d'intrusions pour les applications Web

Avec le developpement croissant d'Internet, les applications Web sont devenues de plus en plus vulnerables et exposees a des attaques malveillantes pouvant porter atteinte a des proprietes essentielles telles que la confidentialite, l'integrite ou la disponibilite des systemes d'information. Pour faire face a ces malveillances, il est necessaire de developper des mecanismes de protection et de test (pare feu, systeme de detection d'intrusion, scanner Web, etc.) qui soient efficaces. La question qui se pose est comment evaluer l'efficacite de tels mecanismes et quels moyens peut-on mettre en oeuvre pour analyser leur capacite a detecter correctement des attaques contre les applications web. Dans cette these nous proposons une nouvelle methode, basee sur des techniques de clustering de pages Web, qui permet d'identifier les vulnerabilites a partir de l'analyse selon une approche boite noire de l'application cible. Chaque vulnerabilite identifiee est reellement exploitee ce qui permet de s'assurer que la vulnerabilite identifiee ne correspond pas a un faux positif. L'approche proposee permet egalement de mettre en evidence differents scenarios d'attaque potentiels incluant l'exploitation de plusieurs vulnerabilites successives en tenant compte explicitement des dependances entre les vulnerabilites. Nous nous sommes interesses plus particulierement aux vulnerabilites de type injection de code, par exemple les injections SQL. Cette methode s'est concretisee par la mise en oeuvre d'un nouveau scanner de vulnerabilites et a ete validee experimentalement sur plusieurs exemples d'applications vulnerables. Nous avons aussi developpe une plateforme experimentale integrant le nouveau scanner de vulnerabilites, qui est destinee a evaluer l'efficacite de systemes de detection d'intrusions pour des applicationsWeb dans un contexte qui soit representatif des menaces auxquelles ces applications seront confrontees en operation. Cette plateforme integre plusieurs outils qui ont ete concus pour automatiser le plus possible les campagnes d'evaluation. Cette plateforme a ete utilisee en particulier pour evaluer deux techniques de detection d'intrusions developpees par nos partenaires dans le cadre d'un projet de cooperation finance par l'ANR, le projet DALI.
Inherited Risk Factors for Thrombotic Diseases in Children: The Genome-Wide Perspective

As a result of technological advances in the field of high-throughput genomics, there has been a remarkable transition in studying the nature of complex genetic disorders. The genetic analysis of prothrombotic risk factors has shifted from candidate gene to genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in adults. GWAS established a framework in which up to 90% of common genetic variation can be analyzed in a single experiment. Given the ubiquity of the GWAS approach in the adult population, it will become essential for clinicians and researchers in the field of pediatrics to interpret results derived from genetic high-throughput studies. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding genetic factors affecting prothrombotic risk in children and adults. Advantages and pitfalls of the GWAS approach are discussed, including the use of intermediate phenotypes, deep resequencing, and the differences between family-based and association studies. Intelligently designed and well-powered studies incorporating stringent phenotype assessment will contribute to decipher the genetic basis of stroke and venous thrombosis in children.
Comparison between Briganti, Partin and MSKCC tools in predicting positive lymph nodes in prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the discriminative capabilities of Briganti, Partin and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) nomograms in predicting lymph-node invasion (LNI) and to perform a meta-analysis to yield pooled area under the receiver operating characteristics curves (AUCs) for model comparison. Materials and methods: An electronic search of the MEDLINE and Embase databases up to October 2016 was undertaken. The AUC value, total number of patients and rate of LNI were extracted from the included references. After excluding redundant literature, 19 studies were identified including 86,338 patients. The Briganti, Partin and MSKCC nomograms were validated in 6629, 69,681 and 10,028 patients, respectively. Results: The pooled AUCs for Briganti, Partin, and MSKCC nomograms were 0.793, 0.778 and 0.780, respectively. The Mantel–Haenszel-derived comparison of AUC values revealed no statistical differences of predictive capabilities for Briganti vs Partin (p = 0.23), Briganti vs MSKCC (p = 0.83) and Partin vs MSKCC (p = 0.26). The accuracy of Briganti, Partin and MSKCC models is statistically similar in predicting the presence of LNI. International guidelines could consider these findings by reporting similarities in the accuracy of these models. Conclusions: The accuracy of Briganti, Partin and MSKCC was similar in predicting the presence of LNI. Based on these results, patients and clinicians may use any of these nomograms without significant advantages.
Measuring brain oxygenation in humans using a multiparametric quantitative blood oxygenation level dependent MRI approach

Quantitative blood oxygenation level dependent approaches have been designed to obtain quantitative oxygenation information using MRI. A mathematical model is usually fitted to the time signal decay of a gradient‐echo and spin‐echo measurements to derive hemodynamic parameters such as the blood oxygen saturation or the cerebral blood volume. Although the results in rats and human brain have been encouraging, recent studies have pointed out the need for independent estimation of one or more variables to increase the accuracy of the method. In this study, a multiparametric quantitative blood oxygenation level dependent approach is proposed. A combination of arterial spin labeling and dynamic susceptibility contrast methods were used to obtain quantitative estimates of cerebral blood volume and cerebral blood flow. These results were combined with T 2* and T2 measurements to derive maps of blood oxygen saturation or cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen. In 12 normal subjects, a mean cerebral blood volume of 4.33 ± 0.7%, cerebral blood flow of 43.8 ± 5.7 mL/min/100 g, blood oxygen saturation of 60 ± 6% and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen 157 ± 23 μmol/100 g/min were found, which are in agreement with literature values. The results obtained in this study suggest that this methodology could be applied to study brain hypoxia in the setting of pathology. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intraoperative Cranial Nerve Monitoring During Posterior Skull Base Surgery

Intraoperative monitoring of neurophysiologic function is rapidly evolving as an important adjunct during skull base surgery to reduce the incidence of neurologic deficit. Facial nerve monitoring is an excellent model, since electrical and mechanical evoked potentials can be directly presented to the surgeon in real-time through an acoustic loudspeaker display. The lower cranial nerves may also be monitored using similar electromyographic techniques. Auditory system monitoring is more difficult due to the low amplitude response that requires averaging and filtering to extract the evoked potential. In conjunction with auditory monitoring, improved hearing preservation may be further enhanced by concomitant facial nerve monitoring, since the surgeon is alerted to traumatic manipulations that may affect both facial and cochlear nerves. Techniques and interpretative issues are presented to maximize the efficacy and safety of cranial nerve monitoring.
Pathways to Alzheimer's disease

Recent trials of anti‐amyloid agents have not produced convincing improvements in clinical outcome in Alzheimer's disease; however, the reason for these poor or inconclusive results remains unclear. Recent genetic data continue to support the amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease with protective variants being found in the amyloid gene and both common low‐risk and rare high‐risk variants for disease being discovered in genes that are part of the amyloid response pathways. These data support the view that genetic variability in how the brain responds to amyloid deposition is a potential therapeutic target for the disease, and are consistent with the notion that anti‐amyloid therapies should be initiated early in the disease process.
Dimensionality Reduction of Dynamical Systems with Parameters: A Geometric Approach

A method for obtaining a low-dimensional description of a family of attractors produced by continuous-time nonlinear dynamical systems with static parameters is developed. A geometric approach is taken, which allows for the reduction of general state space manifolds, not restricted to $\mathbb{R}^n$. An existing secant-based projection method, utilizing optimization over Grassmann manifolds, is extended for use with multiple parameter values and data sets. A family of reduced vector fields is obtained, with parameterization by the original parameter space, that reproduces the projected attractors and their dynamics in a low-dimensional space. We illustrate the method with several examples. The Rossler system demonstrates the accurate reproduction of period-doubling bifurcations; a forced damped double pendulum demonstrates a nonautonomous system with angular variables; and the Brusselator demonstrates application to a high-dimensional system.
Activity‐dependent modulation of K+ currents at presynaptic terminals of mammalian central synapses

1 The activity‐dependent regulation of presynaptic K+ currents at the CA3‐CA1 synapse in the rat hippocampus was investigated during a train of evoked afferent action potentials. The waveforms of presynaptic compound action potentials (cAPs) and presynaptic Ca2+ transients ([Ca2+]pre,t) were measured with fluorescent voltage‐sensitive and Ca2+‐sensitive indicators in rat brain slices. 2 Under control conditions, presynaptic cAPs and the accompanying [Ca2+]pre,t displayed similar amplitudes for each stimulus, suggesting that there was no cumulative change of K+ and Ca2+ currents during the test train. However, when a subgroup of presynaptic K+ channels was blocked by a low concentration of 4‐aminopyridine (4‐AP, 40 μm), a significant facilitation of the [Ca2+]pre,t was observed. 3 This phenomenon was not due to a direct action of 4‐AP on presynaptic Ca2+ channels, but to cumulative suppression of the K+ conductance as indicated by the corresponding change in waveforms of the cAP and presynaptic fibre volley. The observed facilitation was not an artifact by virtue of increased fibre recruitment, nor was it related to the accumulation of extracellular K+; rather, it was dependent on Ca2+ influx and stimulation frequency. The time course of recovery from facilitation was closely related to the decay of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. 4 The facilitation was not blocked by a saturating concentration of 4‐AP (8 mM) but was reduced during the application of the K+ channel blocker tetraethylammonium (TEA, 10 mM), implicating the involvement of TEA‐sensitive K+ channels. Such activity‐dependent suppression of presynaptic K+ conductance could lead to excessive transmitter release and might explain the hippocampal epileptiform activity that can be induced by application of 4‐AP.
The African lymphoma: Preliminary observations on response to therapy

HE CLINICAL FEATURES OF THE MULTIFOCAL TY 1 m P homa encountered in children in tropical Africa, are now well kn0wn.l-3 97, * T h e radiological characteristics have been described,ll-13 and the pathological and histological features have been discussed in detail.16. 17 At least some of the environmental factors associated with the limited geographical distribution have been enumerated.4-7 T h e etiology of this strange tumor is still, however, a matter of speculation, though an increasing amount of evidence has become available which suggests a virus infection as a likely factor. As the tumor has been delineated so recently there have been only a few reports on its treatment.lO, 14, 16 Although our results are marred by lack of adequate follow-up, the behavior of this tumor after chemotherapy has, in many cases, been dramatic and some of the responses have shown unusual features. T h e purpose of this communication is not to review results of treatment in detail, but rather to draw attention to these preliminary findings. We hope particularly that these observations will help to put an end to the totally unjustifiable and utterly profitless mutilating surgery which in some hospitals is still practiced on these unfortunate children. In assessing results of therapy, it is necessary to remember that these tumors grow exceedingly rapidly and without treatment the majority of these patients die within 6 months of the onset of symptoms. I n all the patients referred to in this paper, the clinical diagnosis was histologically confirmed.
Multiwavelength polarization observations of the γ-ray bright quasar PKS 0420-014

We analyze total and polarized intensity images of the quasar PKS 0420-014 obtained monthly with the VLBA at 43 GHz during 2008–2012 along with γ -ray data provided by the Fermi Large Area Telescope and multi-color photometric and polarimetric measurements collected by different optical telescopes. During this period the quasar underwent a number of optical flares, which were accompanied by rapid rotation of polarization angle, an increase of activity in γ -rays, and the appearance of new superluminal knots in the parsec-scale jet. We investigate the fine structure of the flares at different wavelengths and in polarized light, and determine kinematic parameters of the knots. We compare the rapid evolution of the optical polarization with the polarization of the VLBI core and knots. We interpret the multi-wavelength behavior within a model that places the blazar “dissipation zone” at the millimeter-wave core of the parsec-scale jet.
Cocaine-induced reward enhancement measured with intracranial self-stimulation in rats bred for low versus high saccharin intake

Rats selectively bred for high (HiS) or low (LoS) saccharin intake are a well-established model of drug-abuse vulnerability, with HiS rats being more likely to consume sweets and cocaine than LoS rats. Still, the nature of these differences is poorly understood. This study examined whether the motivational consequences of cocaine exposure are differentially expressed in HiS and LoS rats by measuring intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) thresholds following acute injections of cocaine (10 mg/kg). Reductions in ICSS thresholds following cocaine injection were greater in HiS rats than in LoS rats, suggesting that the reward-enhancing effects of cocaine are greater in the drug-vulnerable HiS than LoS rats. Higher cocaine-induced reward, indicated by lower ICSS thresholds, may explain the higher rates of drug consumption in sweet-preferring animal models, providing a clue to the etiology of cocaine addiction in vulnerable populations.
A Pre-equilibrium before Nucleotide Binding Limits Fingers Subdomain Closure by Klentaq1*♦

Numerous studies have been undertaken to establish the mechanism of dNTP binding and template-directed incorporation by DNA polymerases. It has been established by kinetic experiments that a rate-limiting step, crucial for dNTP selection, occurs before chemical bond formation. Crystallographic studies indicated that this step may be due to a large open-to-closed conformational transition affecting the fingers subdomain. In previous studies, we established a fluorescence resonance energy transfer system to monitor the open-to-closed transition in the fingers subdomain of Klentaq1. By comparing the rates of the fingers subdomain closure with that of the rate-limiting step for Klentaq1, we showed that fingers subdomain motion was significantly faster than the rate-limiting step. We have now used this system to characterize DNA binding as well as to complete a more extensive characterization of incorporation of all four dNTPs. The data indicate that DNA binding occurs by a two-step association and that dissociation of the DNA is significantly slower in the case of the closed ternary complex. The data for nucleotide incorporation indicate a step occurring before dNTP binding, which differs for all four nucleotides. As the only difference between the (E·p/t) complexes is the templating base, it would suggest an important role for the templating base in initial ground state selection.
AUUUA sequences compromise human insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 mRNA stability.

The instability of IGFBP-1 mRNA appears to play a role in regulating the expression of the IGFBP-1 gene, the 3' region of which contains five ATTTA sequences. We have studied the implication of these sequences for IGFBP-1 mRNA destabilization. Six plasmids were constructed, containing increasingly shorter lengths of IGFBP-1 cDNA, each with a successive ATTTA sequence deleted from the 3' end. These were stably transfected into two non-IGFBP-1-expressing (cervical carcinoma and neuroblastoma) cell lines. Kinetics studies following inhibition of transcription showed that (1) the half-life of the full-length messenger was 2.80 +/- 0.32 h; (2) deletion of each successive sequence (particularly the second and the fourth) yielded a transcript of increasing stability; and (3) the half-life of the AUUUA-free mRNA was 26.65 +/- 1.65 h. Although the primary source of IGFBP-1 is the liver, our results demonstrate that destabilization of its mRNA is not liver-specific. The ATTTA consensus sequences in the 3' untranslated region of the IGFBP-1 gene therefore provide a posttranscriptional regulation pathway that, combined with transcriptional regulation, may account for the variations in IGFBP-1 expression with developmental stage, nutritional status, and hormonal environment.
A New Parametric Description for Line Structures in 3D Medical Images by Means of a Weighted Integral Method

The authors propose a method that describes line structures in given 3D medical images by estimating the values of model parameters: A Gaussian function is employed as the model function and the values of the parameters are estimated by means of a weighted integral method, in which you can estimate the parameter values by solving a system of linear equations of parameters which are derived from differential equations that are satisfied by the Gaussian model function. Different from many other model-based methods for the description, the proposed method requires no parameter sweep and hence can estimate the parameter values efficiently. Once you estimate the parameter values, you can describe the location, the orientation and the scale of line structures in given 3D images. Experimental results with artificial 3D images and with clinical X-ray CT ones demonstrate the estimation performance of the proposed method.
The effects of using lactic acid bacteria inoculants in maize silage on the formation of biogenic amines

Silages from five ripened varieties of silage maize with dry matter contents ranging between 275 and 410 g/kg were prepared in five laboratory experiments. Whole-plant maize was fermented at 22°C and silages were then stored at the same temperature for 4 months. Spontaneously fermented silages were prepared as control variants and compared with silages inoculated with commercial strains of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus buchneri and a mixed preparation Microsil containing L. plantarum, Lactobacillus casei, Enterococcus faecium and Pediococcus pentosaceus. The starter cultures were applied at doses 5·105 and 5·106 CFU/g of chopped maize. Seven biogenic amines and polyamines were extracted from silages with perchloric acid and determined as N-benzamides by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. Common chemical criteria of silage quality were also determined. All three inoculants, mainly at the higher dose, decreased significantly contents of tyramine, putrescine and cadaverine, three undesirable amines occurring at the highest levels. L. plantarum was the most effective. Contents of histamine and tryptamine were low in all experimental silages. Also relatively low were levels of polyamines spermidine and mainly of spermine.
Use of ionic dialysance to calculate Kt/V in pediatric hemodialysis

Online clearance (OLC) monitor measures conductivity difference between dialysate entering and leaving the dialyser. Derived ionic dialysance (ID) represents effective urea clearance from which Kt/V is calculated, allowing Kt/V monitoring at every treatment without blood sampling. We tested ID accuracy in children and provide recommendations for its use. Using Fresenius machines 2008 K with built‐in OLC monitors, we studied 45 hemodialysis (HD) sessions and 168 calculated Kt/V results in 11 patients. Urea distribution volume (V), needed to calculate Kt/V from ID, was estimated using three methods: Mellits and Cheek (MC), KDOQI recommended total body water nomograms (TBWN) and OLC‐derived independent from tested HD sessions. Reference spKt/V from pre‐ and post‐HD BUN (Daugirdas) was compared with Kt/V calculated from ID using three different estimated V's. ID was accurate in calculating Kt/V in children when V derived from OLC was used (P = 0.42), with absolute error 0.14 ± 0.12. If TBWN‐derived V was used, Kt/V was consistently underestimated by 0.32 ± 0.22. TBWN‐derived V can still be recommended for use with OLC for monitoring trend in Kt/V, if underestimation of spKt/V of average 0.3 is accounted for. MC‐derived V results in even greater underestimation of spKt/V and therefore cannot be recommended for use with OLC.
Strategies and status of grid-connection Technology Development in NEDO

This paper provides an overview of strategies and the results of grid-connection-related demonstrative projects of the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO). NEDO is Japan's largest public R&D management organization for promoting the development of advanced industrial, environmental, new energy and energy conservation technologies. One of the important objectives of NEDO's R&D is solving problems that arise when distributed and renewable resources are connected to power grids. These issues arise because the power output from most renewable energy resources fluctuates with weather conditions and connecting them to traditional power grids may create power quality issues. The authors introduce grid-connection-related national projects promoted by NEDO in which several energy storage technologies are applied to resolve those issues.
αPIX RhoGEF Supports Positive Selection by Restraining Migration and Promoting Arrest of Thymocytes

Thymocytes mature in a series of stages by migrating through specific areas of the thymus and interacting with other cells to receive the necessary developmental signals; however, little is known about the molecular mechanisms governing this migration. We report that murine thymocytes with a knockout mutation in α-PAK (p21-activated kinase)-interacting exchange factor (PIX; Arhgef6), an activator of Rho GTPases, showed greatly increased motility and altered morphology in two-dimensional migration on ICAM-1. αPIX was also required for efficient positive selection, but not negative selection, of thymocytes. TCR signaling was normal in αPix− thymocytes, indicating that the effects of αPIX on positive selection are largely independent of TCR signaling. αPix− thymocytes also paused less during migration in the thymic cortex, interacted less with ICAM-1 coated beads, and could overcome TCR stop signals, consistent with defective scanning behavior. These results identify αPIX as a regulator of thymocyte migration and subsequent arrest that is linked to positive selection.