Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Streamflow input to Lake Athabasca, Canada

Abstract. The Lake Athabasca drainage area in northern Canada encompasses ecologically rich and sensitive ecosystems, vast forests, glacier-clad mountains, and abundant oil reserves in the form of oil sands. The basin includes the Peace–Athabasca Delta, recognized internationally by UNESCO and the Ramsar Convention as a biologically rich inland delta and wetland that are now under increasing pressure from multiple stressors. In this study, streamflow variability and trends for rivers feeding Lake Athabasca are investigated over the last half century. Hydrological regimes and trends are established using a robust regime shift detection method and the Mann–Kendall (MK) test, respectively. Results show that the Athabasca River, which is the main contributor to the total lake inflow, experienced marked declines in recent decades impacting lake levels and its ecosystem. From 1960 to 2010 there was a significant reduction in lake inflow and a significant recession in the Lake Athabasca level. Our trend analysis corroborates a previous study using proxy data obtained from nearby sediment cores suggesting that the lake level may drop 2 to 3 m by 2100. The lake recession may threaten the flora and fauna of the Athabasca Lake basin and negatively impact the ecological cycle of an inland freshwater delta and wetland of global importance.
Measurement of Wheel Radius in an Automated Guided Vehicle

In the case of automated guided vehicles using odometry, a very important issue is to know the actual rolling radius of the wheel used to calculate the position of the vehicle. This radius is not constant. Its changes depend on the elastic deformation of the band layer and wheel slip. The theoretical determination of the value of the radius and the nature of the change is very difficult. For this reason, it was decided to determine the rolling radii by the experimental method. For this purpose, an appropriate test stand was built and the proposed research method was checked. Within the tests, there was also obtained a number of interesting results characterizing the material used to build bands and the ranges of changes rolling radii for the tested material were specified.
Phase transitions in multi-cut matrix models and matched solutions of Whitham hierarchies

We present a method for studying phase transitions in the large N limit of matrix models using matched solutions of Whitham hierarchies. The endpoints of the eigenvalue spectrum as functions of the temperature are characterized both as solutions of hodograph equations and as solutions of a system of ordinary differential equations. In particular we show that the free energy of the matrix model is the quasiclassical τ-function of the associated hierarchy, and that critical processes in which the number of cuts changes in one unit are third-order phase transitions described by C1 matched solutions of Whitham hierarchies. The method is illustrated with the Bleher–Eynard model for the merging of two cuts. We show that this model involves also the birth of a cut.
Efficiency of Brown Stock Pulp washing in Liquid Properties

Washing is simply bulk removal of the liquor surrounding the pulp fibers. In a laboratory washing cell, the mechanism of the displacement washing of unbleached Kraft pulp was investigated. The efficiency of displacement washing depends on the degree of mixing and also on the rate of desorption and diffusion of dissolved solids and chemicals from the pulp fibers. Using the step function input change method, the washing breakthrough curves obtained experimentally were described by the axially dispersed plug flow model. A correlation between Peclet numbers, Kappa numbers the wash yield, and pH of wash liquid was derived as well. The level of sorbed sodium varies with kappa number and pH. The effect of the superficial wash liquid velocity and of the mobility of displacing and displaced liquids upon the axial dispersion coefficient was discussed.
CHARACTERIZING THE PRESSURE SMOOTHING SCALE OF THE INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM

The thermal state of the intergalactic medium (IGM) at z < 6 constrains the nature and timing of cosmic reionization events, but its inference from the Lyα forest is degenerate with the 3D structure of the IGM on ∼100 kpc scales, where, analogous to the classical Jeans argument, the pressure of the T ≃ 104 K gas supports it against gravity. We simulate the IGM using smoothed particle hydrodynamics, and find that, at z < 6, the gas density power spectrum does not exhibit the expected filtering scale cutoff, because dense gas in collapsed halos dominates the small-scale power masking pressure smoothing effects. We introduce a new statistic, the real-space Lyα flux, Freal, which naturally suppresses dense gas, and is thus robust against the poorly understood physics of galaxy formation, revealing pressure smoothing in the diffuse IGM. The Freal power spectrum is accurately described by a simple fitting function with cutoff at λF, allowing us to rigorously quantify the pressure smoothing scale for the first time: we find λF = 79 kpc (comoving) at z = 3 for our fiducial thermal model. This statistic has the added advantage that it directly relates to observations of correlated Lyα forest absorption in close quasar pairs, recently proposed as a method to measure the pressure smoothing scale. Our results enable one to quantify the pressure smoothing scale in simulations, and ask meaningful questions about its dependence on reionization and thermal history. Accordingly, the standard description of the IGM in terms of the amplitude T0 and slope γ of the temperature–density relation T = T 0 ( &rgr; / &rgr; ¯ ) γ − 1 ? > should be augmented with a third pressure smoothing scale parameter λF.
Requirements for applying the concept of social entrepreneurship in the branch of Taibah University in the Khyber Governorate A field study

This study aimed to investigate the availability of the requirements for applying the concept of social entrepreneurship in the branch of Taibah University in the Khyber region in Saudi Arabia. To achieve this aim of the study, three basic hypotheses were formulated and tested using preliminary data collected through the survey, Data was collected by a convenience sample, the sample of study consisted of (307) students and faculty members, Data analysis and hypothesis testing have been depended on use methods of a structural equation modelling, path analysis, and direct and indirect analysis by using the Bootstrap method, The study found a significant effect of the dimensions of social entrepreneurship in the application of the concept of social entrepreneurship in Taibah University branch, And the relative importance of the requirements for applying the concept of social entrepreneurship , it's arranged as follows: (innovation voluntary participation acceptance of risk Initiative) ,The importance of the requirements for applying the concept of social entrepreneurship in the branch of Taibah University varies according to gender, specialization and function with regard to the dimensions of (acceptance of risk and voluntary participation) while it does not differ with regard to the dimensions of Initiative and innovation. Corresponding author: Abdallah Abdallah Ahmed El-Tabal Email addresses for the corresponding author: altabal2000@yahoo.com First submission received: 20th April 2020 Revised submission received: 12th May 2020 Accepted: 29th May 2020
Daylight saving time and crime: Does tiredness also affect criminal behavior?

Correspondence Ignacio Munyo, Universidad de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay. Emails: imunyo@gmail.com ; imunyo@um.edu. uy This paper explores the effect of Daylight Saving Time (DST) change on aggregate crime rates. In order to do so I run regressions with hourly data on crime and I implement a regression discontinuity design with a treatment variable centered on the beginning of DST in spring. After the DST change in spring, which implies the loss of an hour at 2 a.m., there is a significant decrease in crime. Further evidence suggests that the results are not driven by a temporal displacement of crime or changes in the level of darkness. The empirical evidence suggests that reduction in crime rates could be driven by the tiredness of potential offenders and interpreted under the lens of the Routine Activities Theory. However, the study is not able to identify the direct causal effect.
Euler diagrammatic reasoning system : theory and experiment design

In this paper we are concerned with logical and cognitive aspects of reasoning with Euler circles. We give a proof-theoretical analysis of diagrammatic reasoning with Euler circles involving unification and deletion rules. Diagrammatic syllogistic reasoning is characterized as a particular class of the general diagrammatic proofs. Given this prooftheoretical analysis, we propose an experiment for a cognitive psychological study
Biomass burning emissions disturbances on the isoprene oxidation in a tropical forest

We present a characterization of the chemical composition of the atmosphere of the Brazilian Amazon rainforest based on trace gases measurements carried out during the South American Biomass Burning Analysis (SAMBBA) airborne experiment in September 2012. We analyzed the observations of primary biomass burning emission tracers, i.e., carbon monoxide (CO) and 20 nitrogen oxides (NOx), ozone (O3), isoprene, and its main oxidation products, methyl vinyl ketone (MVK), methacrolein (MACR), and hydroxyhydroperoxides (ISOPOOH). The focus of SAMBBA was primarily on biomass burning emissions, but there were also several flights in areas of the Amazon forest not directly affected by biomass burning, revealing a background with a signature of biomass burning in the chemical composition due to long-range transport of biomass burning tracers from both Africa and the eastern part of Amazonia. We used the [MVK+MACR+ ISOPOOH]/[Isoprene] ratio and the hydroxyl radical (OH) 25 indirect calculation to assess the oxidative capacity of the Amazon forest atmosphere. We compared the background regions (CO<150 ppbv), fresh and aged smoke plumes classified according to their photochemical age ([O3]/[CO]), to evaluate the impact of biomass burning emissions in the oxidative capacity of the Amazon forest atmosphere. We observed that biomass burning emissions disturb the isoprene oxidation reactions, especially for fresh plumes ([MVK+MACR+ISOPOOH]/[isoprene] = 7). The oxidation of isoprene is higher in fresh smoke plumes at lower altitudes (~ 500 m) than in aged smoke plumes, anticipating near 30 the surface a complex chain of oxidation reactions, which may be related to the secondary organic aerosols (SOA) formation. We proposed a refinement of the OH calculation based on the sequential reaction model, which considers vertical and horizontal transport for both biomass burning regimes and background environment. Our approach for the [OH] estimation resulted in values of the same order of magnitude of a recent observation in the Amazon rainforest [OH] ≅ 10 (molecules cm). During the fresh https://ntrs.nasa. gov/search.jsp? R=20180000541 2019-11-03T23:49:36+00:00Z
A nonparametric approach to the estimation of jump-diffusion models with asymmetric kernels

This paper presents the nonparametric estimation of first and second infinitesimal moments of the underlying jump-diffusion model with asymmetric kernel functions. In particular, we use asymmetric kernel estimators characterized by the gamma distribution. This approach allows to conciliate the idea of using the asymmetric kernel with jump-diffusion models. We show that the proposed estimators are consistent and asymptotically follow normal distribution under the conditions of recurrence and stationarity.
An Instant Donning Multi-Channel EEG Headset (with Comb-Shaped Dry Electrodes) and BCI Applications

We developed a new type of electroencephalogram (EEG) headset system with comb-shaped electrodes that enables the wearer to quickly don and utilize it in daily life. Two models that can measure EEG signals using up to eight channels have been implemented. The electrodes implemented in the headsets are similar to a comb and are placed quickly by wiping the hair (as done with a comb) using the headset. To verify this headset system, donning time was measured and three brain computer interface (BCI) application experiments were conducted. Alpha rhythm-based, steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based, and auditory steady state response (ASSR)-based BCI systems were adopted for the validation experiments. Four subjects participated and ten trials were repeated in the donning experiment. The results of the validation experiments show that reliable EEG signal measurement is possible immediately after donning the headsets without any preparation. It took approximately 10 s for healthy subjects to don the headsets, including an earclip with reference and ground electrodes. The results of alpha rhythm-based BCI showed 100% accuracy. Furthermore, the results of SSVEP-based and ASSR-based BCI experiments indicate that performance is sufficient for BCI applications; 95.7% and 76.0% accuracies were obtained, respectively. The results of BCI paradigm experiments indicate that the new headset type is feasible for various BCI applications.
Single-phase unidirectional AC-DC PFC converter with switched capacitors

ABSTRACT A single-phase AC-DC converter based on switched capacitor is proposed. This converter is an integration of basic boost converter and switched capacitors. This rectifier is controlled by an average current control method which comprises of two feedback loops, that is, voltage control loop and current control loop to produce unity power factor. The proposed converter develops a DC voltage more than the peak value of AC supply. Apart from this, all the components are subjected to voltage less than the DC output voltage, that is, almost half. A prototype model with AC voltage of 75 V and output voltage of 300 V with power 75 W is developed to validate the results.
The Influence of Personality on the Decision to Use a Technology (Study at Lecturer Profession)

This study aims to determine the influence of personality in the decision to use the technology. This study uses TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) that will be tested in a personality variable from Big Five Personality. The samples in this study were lecturers. These samples were selected as representatives of educated people who have the technological ability to adapt quickly. The data were processed using the Partial Least Squares (PLS). The result shows that personality does not influence the decision to use the technology. The decision to use the technology is dominated by considerations of technology usefulness and ease of using the technology. Those factors are the person's cognitive processes. This study shows that the ease of using a technology affects the decision to use the technology on the lecturer profession. This indicates that there are similarities needs to use an easy technology among highly educated people and those who are not educated.
Experimental Comparisons and Evaluations of Different Types of DC-link Capacitors for VSI-Based Electric Compressors in Battery Electric Vehicle Systems

Electric compressor systems for air conditioning operations are an essential part in battery electric vehicle systems, which are not applicable to conventional belt-driven compressors due to no combustion engines. Three-phase voltage source inverters (VSI) and interior permanent magnet (IPM) motors are generally used for electric compressor systems in battery electric vehicles. Direct current (DC)-link capacitors are a critical component in the power converter systems, which affect the cost, size, performances and scale. Metallized polypropylene film capacitors are considered more reliable than conventional electrolytic capacitors for high temperature environments such as electric vehicle applications. This paper presents comprehensive comparisons and evaluations of electric compressors with two types of DC-link capacitors. Based on a 5 kW IPM motor drives and a VSI with a nominal DC voltage of 360 V for electric compressors, performances with electrolytic and film capacitors have been evaluated by experimental tests.
Accurate modeling of the interaction of constrained floating structures and complex free surfaces using a new quasistatic mooring model

A new approach for the coupled simulation of moored floating structures in a numerical wave tank using CFD is subject of this article. A quasistatic mooring model is derived by dividing the cable into finite elements and solve force equilibria in each time step. A successive approximation is applied to solve the problem most efficiently. Here, the unknown internal and external forces are separated, and the system is corrected iteratively using the intermediate results for the unit vectors until convergence is reached. An improved algorithm based on the directional ghost‐cell immersed boundary method is utilized for modeling floating objects in a three‐dimensional numerical wave tank. It is based on an implicit representation of the body on a stationary grid using a level set function. The motion of the rigid body is described using Euler parameters and Hamiltonian mechanics. Dynamic boundary conditions are enforced by modifying the ghost points in the vicinity of the structure. A special procedure for staggered grids is included in the article. The mooring model is coupled to the fluid‐structure interaction solver to simulate physically constrained floating bodies in waves. Several validation cases provide an overview of the accuracy of the mooring model and the floating algorithm. In addition, the comparison of the numerical results for the motion of a moored floating barge in regular waves with experiments is presented.
Spinors Made Simple

A spin-one-half particle of kind n and 4-momentum p = (~ p, p) with p = −m and spin s = ±1/2 in the z direction is represented by a state |~ p, s, n〉. For fixed kind and momentum, these states form a two-dimensional space spanned by |~ p, 1/2, n〉 and |~ p,−1/2, n〉. If the momentum is in the z direction, then the state |pẑ, s, n〉 is an eigenstate of the z component Jz of the angular momentum operator ~ J with eigenvalue s Jz|pẑ, s, n〉 = s|pẑ, s, n〉. (1) So under a rotation by angle θ about the z axis, the state |pẑ, s, n〉 goes as e−iθJz |pẑ, s, n〉 = e−isθ|pẑ, s, n〉. (2)
Supertwistor formulation for the first-order superstring action

The Lagrangian formulation of the D = 4 bosonic string and superstring in terms of the (super)twistors is considered. It is shown that for the proposed superstring action fixing covariantly the κ−symmetry gauge results in the action quadratic in the (super)twistor variables.
Deep learning and level set approach for liver and tumor segmentation from CT scans

Abstract Purpose Segmentation of liver organ and tumors from computed tomography (CT) scans is an important task for hepatic surgical planning. Manual segmentation of liver and tumors is tedious, time‐consuming, and biased to the clinician experience. Therefore, automatic segmentation of liver and tumors is highly desirable. It would improve the surgical planning treatments and follow‐up assessment. Method This work presented the development of an automatic method for liver and tumor segmentation from CT scans. The proposed method was based on fully convolutional neural (FCN) network with region‐based level set function. The framework starts to segment the liver organ from CT scan, which is followed by a step to segment tumors inside the liver envelope. The fully convolutional network is trained to predict the coarse liver/tumor segmentation, while the localized region‐based level aims to refine the predicted segmentation to find the correct final segmentation. Results The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated against two publically available datasets, LiTS and IRCAD datasets. Dice scores for liver and tumor segmentation in IRCAD datasets are 95.2% and 76.1%, respectively, while for LiTS dataset are 95.6% and 70%, respectively. Conclusion The proposed method succeeded to segment liver and tumors in heterogeneous CT scans from different scanners, as in IRCAD dataset, which proved its ability for generalization and be promising tool for automatic analysis of liver and its tumors in clinical routine.
Differential rotation and star-spot evolution on HK Aqr in 2001 and 2002

We present images of the rapidly rotating (P rot = 0.431 d) M1.5Ve dwarf HK Aqr, from data obtained during 2001 and 2002. Star-spots are found distributed at a range of latitudes during both observing seasons, but unlike other solar-type rapid rotators of higher mass, HK Aqr does not show a strong polar cap at either epoch. In addition to the surface brightness images, we make use of the four-night time-base over which the 2002 observations were made, in order to derive an estimate of the latitudinal dependent rotation on HK Aqr. We find that the equator-lap-pole time lies in the range -1449 to +448 d. Although very small, we are therefore unable to determine whether the degree of differential rotation is in the solar or anti-solar sense.
Using Writing Portfolios to Assess Course Learning Outcomes in a Jordanian University

Portfolios were used to assess cognitive and affective course learning outcomes in an undergraduate writing program at a private university in Jordan. A convenience sample of twenty-one male and female Arab EFL/ESL freshmen, wrote short weekly assignments over a fifteen-week semester, made regular diary entries about their writing and leisure reading, and wrote a short children's story. These were not graded but students received prompt feedback. At semester’s end, they collected their work in a portfolio and wrote a final evidence-based reflection, in which they analysed their strengths and weaknesses in writing. These portfolios were graded based on their inclusion of regularly submitted written work, evidence of their response to given feedback and their analysis of their progress in writing. Using qualitative data analysis based on the grounded theory method, students’ reflections were mined for rich data, concepts were labelled and emerging categories were identified. These codes were further analysed in more depth, using cognitive and affective taxonomies, which showed that the course outcomes had been met. Recommendations are made for greater use of portfolio assessment at tertiary level in Jordan.
Involved fatherhood in the Nordic context: dominant narratives, divergent approaches

This paper focuses on narratives and practices of ‘involved fatherhood’, the ideal of an emotionally present and nurturing father. The geographical context of the study is Iceland, one of the ‘father-friendly’ Nordic welfare states. Of particular concern in this paper are connections between involved fatherhood and constructions of masculinity. The emergence of involved fatherhood is often linked to changes in masculinity ideals, from ‘old’ to ‘new’. Our analysis, which is based on qualitative interviews with parents of young children, indicates a more complex picture. Our point of departure is the narrative of involved fatherhood which is dominant in Nordic policy formation. This narrative is strongly linked to early childhood care and the development of fathers’ individual caring practices – often presented as a prerequisite for gender equal parenting. Other types of fathering are positioned in contrast, representing outdated and deficit forms of fathering. Our analysis suggests, however, that involved fatherhood is portrayed and enacted through practices linked to both ‘orthodox’ and ‘inclusive’ masculinity, both among middle-class fathers who identify with the primary carer narrative and a more diverse group of fathers who do not. We conclude that involved fatherhood comes in different forms that should be further explored in terms of their respective potential and limitations for gender equal parenting.