Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Entwicklungspsychologie auf der Suche nach einer Identität

Die Ankundigung eines Forschungsseminars fur Allgemeine Psychologie, fur Personlichkeits- oder fur Sozialpsychologie wurde heute gewis allgemeine Verwunderung auslosen. Als Gegenstand und damit als Titel eines Seminars mit dem Ziel, der Forschung Impulse zu geben, wurde man spezifische inhaltliche oder methodische Probleme, nicht aber eine Disziplin als Ganzes erwarten. Den Initiatoren der im Sommer 1977 in Trier durchgefuhrten Veranstaltung schien es aber weder unsinnig noch erwartungswidrig, ein Forschungsseminar fur Entwicklungspsychologie anzukundigen. Naturlich war der Name auch als Rahmen fur verschiedene, aktuelle Forschungsfelder behandelnde Seminarprogramme gewahlt, aber es war ihm daruber hinaus auch eine eigene programmatische Funktion zugedacht. Was ist und zu welchem Zweck betreiben wir Entwicklungspsychologie? Dies ist im letzten Jahrzehnt zu einer Frage geworden, die auch Experten in Verlegenheit bringen kann. Von der Antwort wird aber Forschung und Anwendung geleitet sein. Ubereinstimmung haben wir nicht zu erwarten.
Optimal placement and sizing of fixed and switched capacitor banks under nonsinusoidal operating conditions

An iterative nonlinear algorithm is generated for optimal sizing and placement of fixed and switched capacitor banks on radial distribution lines in the presence of linear and nonlinear loads. The HARMFLOW algorithm and the Maximum Sensitivities Selection (MSS) method are used to solve the constrained optimization problem with discrete variables. To limit the burden of calculations and improve convergence, problem is decomposed into two subproblems. Objective functions include minimum system losses and capacitor cost while IEEE-519 power quality limits are used as constrains. Results are presented and analyzed for the 18 bus IEEE distorted system. The advantage of proposed algorithm as compared to previous works is consideration of harmonic couplings and reactions of actual nonlinear loads in the distribution system.
Optimal transmission line switching for large-scale power systems using the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers

It is known that in some cases, switching some transmission lines of an electric power system off may improve the optimal economic dispatch cost. This modification of the economic dispatch problem is known as optimal transmission line switching. Unfortunately, the modified problem involves binary decision variables which make the problem difficult to solve for large-scale power systems. This paper presents a method that scales well for large power systems, based on a decomposition approach known as the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM). The problem is broken into a convex component and a series of binary rounding operations, coupled via a penalty function. The output of the ADMM algorithm is post-processed in order to obtain a near-optimal solution to the original problem at relatively low computational cost. We measure the ADMM solution against a convex relaxation of the original problem, thereby certifying its quality without needing to solve the original combinatorial problem. The method is illustrated using the Polish 2383-bus test system.
Nachweis von Candida albicans und Bestimmung der Candida spezifischen Immunglobuline IgA und IgG im Vaginalsekret bei Frauen mit Verdacht auf chronisch rezidivierende Vulvovaginalcandidose

Das Krankheitsbild der rezidivierenden Candidose ist sowohl diagnostisch als auch therapeutisch nach wie vor eine Herausforderung fur den behandelnden Gynakologen. Ziel der Untersuchung war mehr uber die lokale Immunreaktion der Scheide herauszufinden, um somit eine effektive und gezielte Behandlung der Patientinnen zu erlangen. Wir untersuchten 184 Patientinnen die klinisch Symptome wie Erythem, Pruritus und weislichen Fluor aufwiesen und bei mindestens 4 Episoden pro Jahr die Diagnose einer CRVVC gestellt wurde. Zum Nachweis von Candida und der Spezifizierung wurden die Methoden der kulturelle Anzuchtung sowie die der PCR verwendet. Die candidaspezifischen Immunglobuline IgA und IgG wurden mittels ELISA bestimmt. Ergebnisse: In der Gruppe der symptomatischen Patientinnen konnte nur bei 17% mittels Kultur, in 28% mittels PCR eine Pilzinfektion nachgewiesen werden. Ein negativer ELISA von CIgA und CIgG spricht gegen eine Infektion. Ein positiver CIgG-Nachweis spricht fur eine Infektion, CIgG konnte somit als diagnostisches Zusatzkriterium und der Verifizierung der Beschwerden dienen. So konnte auch die Anwendung neuer therapeutischer Moglichkeiten, wie Gabe von Immunstimulanzien, bei Patientinnen mit lokaler Immunsuppression Vorteile zeigen. Das diagnostische Ziel sollte eine genaue Keim-Identifikation und Feststellung des lokalen "Immunstatus" sein. Somit ist der Arzt in der Lage ein individuelles Therapieschema zu erstellen, und so mit einer effektiven Behandlung auch Kosten einzusparen.
Presynaptic dopaminergic function in patients with restless legs syndrome: Are there common features with early Parkinson's disease?

The cause of restless legs syndrome (RLS) is unknown, but an involvement of the dopaminergic system and a possible relation to Parkinson's disease (PD) is suggested by the positive response to dopaminergic treatment. We imaged the striatal dopamine transporter with [123I] N‐(3‐iodopropen‐2‐yl)‐2β‐carbomethoxy‐3β‐(chloro‐phenyl) tropane ([123I]IPT) and single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in 28 RLS patients, and compared the results with transporter binding in 29 patients with early PD and 23 age‐matched controls. No difference in IPT binding was found between RLS patients and controls. IPT binding was correlated significantly with age in RLS patients and controls, whereas there was no relation with the duration of symptoms or severity of RLS. PD patients presented significant lower presynaptic IPT binding ipsi‐ and contralateral to the affected body side compared with RLS patients or controls. We found no common characteristics between RLS patients and patients with early PD detectable by dopamine transporter SPECT. Our results do not strengthen an identical pathophysiologic pathway between RLS and PD on the level of nigrostriatal presynaptic terminal function. © 2004 Movement Disorder Society
Pediatric pulmonary medicine, then and next.

DOI:10.1097/MOP.0000000000000499 There is a paradox implicit in the content of virtually all updates and review articles that appear in the medical literature. The four pieces included in this edition of the Current Opinion in Pediatrics, Pediatric Pulmonology are no exception. The paradox is embedded within the very notion of providing current information that is only the very best approximation of the path medicine traveled to arrive at current practices. Medicine, thankfully, is evolving, albeit generally in fits and starts, sometimes with the benefit of Level I evidence, but more often only with the guidance of less optimal evidence. Thus, the degree to which any review article or current concept article can capture the present moment, irrespective of the diligence and rigor of the authors, is intrinsically limited. An effective piece can, if well done, motivate the rationale for current practice, while pointing the way, or perhaps even informing, the future direction of the field. The notion of ‘then and next’ is well illustrated by the contribution on acute asthma. Although, as argued above, capturing the present in the medical literature is intrinsically challenging, at the bedside of an emergently ill child with impending respiratory failure the present is profound and heavily freighted. The contribution by Stenson et al. (pp. 305–310) aims to arm treating pediatricians with the best evidence available to inform therapeutic choices even while acknowledging the very real limits of that same evidence. By carefully considering the data that underlie current practice, the article points the way toward trials and approaches that might confer still better and more physiologically based therapeutic strategies with the clear recognition that physiology matters a great deal. Relative to the pulmonary manifestations that complicate rheumatologic disease, Cidon et al. (pp. 311–319) took on a most difficult task. In their carefully constructed piece, the authors consider the path traveled collectively. The ‘then’ discussed by the authors includes consideration of the cellular and molecular basis for structural and functional changes that characterize the lung disorder. In moving from ‘then’ to ‘next’, Cidon and Hartl offer hypotheses surrounding the reason for the seemingly increased incidence of lung involvement in the context of rheumatologic disorder, pathophysiology, and the collaborative clinical research trials that will
Identification des profils de changement sur données longitudinales, illustrée par deux exemples : étude des trajectoires hopsitalières de prise en charge d'un cancer. Construction des profils évolutifs de qualité de vie lors d'un essai thérapeutique pour un cancer avancé

ContexteDans le domaine de la sante, l’analyse des donnees pour l’extraction des connaissances est un enjeu en pleine expansion. Les questions sur l’organisation des soins ou encore l’etude de l’association entre le traitement et qualite de vie (QdV) percue pourraient etre abordees sous cet angle. L’evolution des technologies permet de disposer d’outils de fouille de donnees performants et d’outils statistiques enrichis de methode avancees, utilisables par les non experts. Nous avons illustre cette methode au travers de deux questions d’actualite :1 / Quelle organisation des soins pour la prise en charge des cancers ? 2/ etude de la relation chez les patients souffrant d’un cancer metastatique entre la QdV liee a la sante percue et les traitements recus dans le cadre d’un essai therapeutique.Materiels et methodesNous disposons aujourd’hui de volumineuses bases de donnees. Certaines retracent le parcours hospitalier des patients, comme c’est le cas pour les donnees d’activites hospitalieres recueillies dans le cadre du programme de medicalisation des systemes d’information (PMSI). D’autres conservent les informations sur la QdV percues par les patients et qui recueillies en routine actuellement dans les essais therapeutiques. L’analyse de ces donnees a ete realisee suivant trois etapes principales : Tout d’abord une etape de preparation des donnees dont l’objectif etait la compatibilite a un concept d’analyse precise. Il s’agissait par exemple de transformer une base de donnees classique (centree sur le patient) vers une nouvelle base de donnees ou « l’unite de recueil » est une entite autre que le patient (ex. trajectoire de soins). Ensuite une deuxieme etape consacree a l’application de methodes de fouille de donnees pour l’extraction connaissances : les methodes d’analyse formelle des concepts ou encore les methodes de classifications non-supervisee. Et enfin l’etape de restitution des resultats obtenus et presente sous forme graphique.ResultatsPour la question de l’organisation des soins, nous avons construit une typologie des trajectoires hospitalieres des soins permettait de realiser un etat des lieux des pratiques dans la prise en charge des cancers etudie depuis la chirurgie jusqu’a un an de suivi des patients. Dans le cas du Cancer du sein, nous avons decrit une typologie de prise en charge sur la base des couts d’hospitalisation sur un suivi d’un an. Pour la deuxieme question, nous avons egalement construit une typologie des profils evolutifs de la QdV. Celle-ci comportait 3 classes : une classe d’amelioration, une classe de stabilite et une classe de degradation.ConclusionL’interet majeur de ce travail etait de mettre en evidence des pistes de reflexion permettant des avancees dans la comprehension et la construction de solutions adaptees aux problemes.
The Effect of Input Resistance on Variations of Small Signal Parameters of a Distributed MESFET Transistor

When a transistor operates in dc mode, the resistance of each contact causes voltage drops along the contact. Therefore, different points on the contacts will have different voltages. So in distributing the transistor in to slices, here called subtransistors, each slice will have different drain-source and gate-source voltages and consequently different small signal parameters from the others. Also the input resistance of the lumped transistor will alter the variations of the contact voltages. This paper presents the effects of input resistance and contact resistances of a MESFET transistor on small signal parameters of the distributed subtransistors.
Nonlinear Adaptive Output Feedback Control of Synchronous Motors with Damping Windings

We design a nonlinear adaptive output feedback control for synchronous motors with damping windings, which, for any motor initial condition, for any unknown constant load torque within known bounds and for any uncertain motor inertia within restricted bounds, guarantees: i) asymptotic rotor speed tracking of arbitrary smooth reference signals; ii) exponential tracking for the rotor flux vector direct axis component of suitable smooth reference signals; iii) exponential regulation to zero of the stator current vector direct axis component (motor field orientation)
[Study of the pre and post-synaptic dopaminergic system by DaTSCAN/IBZM SPECT in the differential diagnosis of parkinsonism in 75 patients].

INTRODUCTION Essential tremor (ET) may be misdiagnosed as idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). In neurodegenerative diseases, structural imaging, such as CT or MRI, is of limited value for differentiating parkinsonian syndromes since structural changes are often only evident by the time the disease is far advanced. Most cases of symptomatic parkinsonism are vascular parkinsonism, but PD may coexist. The differential diagnosis between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (LBD) is often difficult. OBJECTIVE To define the utility of functional neuroimaging test to establish differential diagnosis between PD and ET, drug induced parkinsonism, multiple system atrophy and vascular parkinsonism, and between AD and LBD, when clinical presentation, evolution or treatment response are atypical. PATIENTS AND METHODS A group of 75 patients with parkinsonism was examined by clinical assessment and DaTSCAN (123I-FP-CTI, dopamine transporter protein marker) and/or IBZM SPECT (D2 receptor marker). The patients were recruited from our outpatient clinic. RESULTS Correlation between initial clinical diagnosis and functional imaging studies (DaTSCAN and/or IBZM SPECT) in our patients did not reach that described (more than 90 %) for these techniques in previously published studies. Conclusions. According to sensitivity and sensibility reported in previous imaging studies of the pre and/or postsynaptic dopaminergic system using DaTSCAN and/ or IBZM, SPECT may be a new tool in the diagnosis of parkinsonian patients with difficult clinical diagnosis.
Lysozymes from bacteriophages T3 and T5

Lysozymes produced in host cells infected with bacteriophages T3 and T5 were found to have the same enzymatic specificity toward the peptidoglycan from Escherichia coli as T7 phage lysozyme, which has been shown to be an N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase.
Nuclear Tau, a Key Player in Neuronal DNA Protection*

Tau, a neuronal protein involved in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease, which is primarily described as a microtubule-associated protein, has also been observed in the nuclei of neuronal and non-neuronal cells. However, the function of the nuclear form of Tau in neurons has not yet been elucidated. In this work, we demonstrate that acute oxidative stress and mild heat stress (HS) induce the accumulation of dephosphorylated Tau in neuronal nuclei. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we demonstrate that the capacity of endogenous Tau to interact with neuronal DNA increased following HS. Comet assays performed on both wild-type and Tau-deficient neuronal cultures showed that Tau fully protected neuronal genomic DNA against HS-induced damage. Interestingly, HS-induced DNA damage observed in Tau-deficient cells was completely rescued after the overexpression of human Tau targeted to the nucleus. These results highlight a novel role for nuclear Tau as a key player in early stress response.
The Five Change Forces in the Evolution of Corporate Finance Function

The evolution of business systems consists of four key phases: the working, learning, thinking, and conscious phase. It seems that all four phases represent independent cycles. However, a closer look at the leading elements for added value creation (labour efficiency, knowledge, creativity, intuition) and the winning factors (productivity, quality, innovation, and life energy) at each phase reveals their close interrelation and interdependency. This paper reveals the model of five change forces of business transformation and their impact on financial subsystem. While leaders play a vital role in the evolution process of the company as a whole, the CFO is at the forefront of transformation of the financial subsystem.
[Effectiveness of teaching gerontology and geriatrics in students of the 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague].

BACKGROUND Increasing number of seniors in the society requires more university-degree educated professionals--health care professionals, social care workers and managers with basic exposure to and knowledge of gerontology and geriatrics. The aim of our paper was to evaluate the effectiveness of undergraduate training of gerontology and geriatrics among students of the 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague. METHODS AND RESULTS To get information about knowledge of medical students and students of ergotherapy and physiotherapy and about their attitudes towards senior citizens we conducted a survey using two anonymous questionnaires prepared in our department and piloted earlier. The survey ran during the academic year 2004/2005. Students completed identical questionnaires twice, first time before the start of the clinical rotation and second time after the training end (n=134). Evaluation of knowledge and attitudes confirmed that one to two weeks clinical rotation at Department of Geriatrics was effective and increased knowledge of students in the topic trained. The percentage of correct answers in all three evaluated training programmes increased after the completion of the clinical rotation and reached 83% and more. From 134 participating students, 54.5 % appreciated life experience and wisdom of seniors they met, 98.4 % of students were satisfied with the training programme and 67.2 % of students reported that after training they changed their attitude towards senior population. CONCLUSIONS Our survey confirmed that clinical training in geriatric medicine at 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, prepared in agreement with current European recommendations is sufficiently effective and well accepted by the students. Therefore we recommend introduction of formal geriatric training for students in all medical faculties in the Czech Republic.
Co-occurrence Features for Writer Identification

In this paper, we propose two novel textural-based features for writer identification: CoHinge and QuadHinge which are based on the spatial and attribute co-occurrence of the Hinge kernel. The CoHinge feature is the joint distribution of the Hinge kernel on two different pixels of writing contours and the QuadHinge feature is the joint distribution of angles and curvature information of contour fragments. We evaluate the proposed features on five benchmark data sets and their combined large set and the experimental results demonstrate the discriminative and powerful of the proposed features.
Current status of viral gene therapy for brain tumours

Malignant glial tumours represent the majority of primary brain tumours. Despite the use of many adjunctive treatment strategies in addition to surgery, the prospect of cure or even long-term survival is poor. In the last decade, there has been an explosion of interest in the development of delivery systems that will allow the expression of exogenous genes in the CNS. For the most part, these systems are based upon modified viruses. To date, the greatest experience has been with retroviruses, herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV), adenovirus and adeno-associated virus (AAV). This review will outline the biology of these viral vectors, modifications permitting in vivo administration and their respective advantages and disadvantages for the treatment of malignant brain tumours. The present obstacles to gene therapy strategies will also be described. To date, no convincing clinical trial has emerged that provides objective proof of the superiority of gene therapy strategies as compared to conventional treatment.
Secretion of FGF-16 Requires an Uncleaved Bipartite Signal Sequence*

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-16 is one of the rare secreted proteins that do not possess a cleavable signal sequence. Here we describe our examination of the mechanism and structural requirements for the secretion of FGF-16 from COS-1 transfectants. Inhibition of its secretion by brefeldin A and identification of an N-glycan on the secreted form confirmed that FGF-16 is secreted by means of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, as are secreted proteins having a conventional cleavable signal sequence. Deletion of its N terminus abolished secretion of FGF-16. When chimerized with prolactin, however, the N-terminal sequence of FGF-16 was not able to mediate secretion of the chimera. Point mutations that made the N terminus less hydrophobic had little effect on secretion of FGF-16, whereas making the central hydrophobic region less hydrophobic abolished secretion. Within cells, an unsecretable FGF-16 N-terminal deletion mutant was distributed in the perinuclear region and overlapped the distribution of the Golgi apparatus. Mutants with less hydrophobic central regions were distributed evenly throughout the cytosol. Collectively, these results indicate that FGF-16 employs a unique bipartite signal sequence (i.e. both the N-terminal region and central hydrophobic region) that is not cleaved, although it shares the same secretory machinery used by secreted proteins with cleavable signal sequences.
Early onset and differential temporospatial expression of melanopsin isoforms in the developing chicken retina.

PURPOSE Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) expressing the photopigment melanopsin (Opn4) display intrinsic photosensitivity. In this study, the presence of nonvisual phototransduction cascade components in the developing chicken retina and primary RGCs cultures was investigated, focusing on the two Opn4 genes: the Xenopus (Opn4x) and the mammalian (Opn4m) orthologs. METHODS Retinas were dissected at different embryonic (E) and postnatal (P) days, and primary RGC cultures were obtained at E8 and kept for 1 hour to 5 days. Samples were processed for RT-PCR and immunochemistry. RESULTS Embryonic retinas expressed the master eye gene Pax6, the prospective RGC specification gene Brn3, and components of the nonvisual phototransduction cascade, such as Opn4m and the G protein q (Gq) mRNAs at very early stages (E4-E5). By contrast, expression of photoreceptor cell markers (CRX, red-opsin, rhodopsin, and α-transducin) was observed from E7 to E12. Opn4m protein was visualized in the whole retina as early as E4 and remained elevated from E6 to the postnatal days, whereas Opn4x was weakly detected at E8 and highly expressed after E11. RGC cultures expressed Gq mRNA, as well as both Opn4 mRNAs and proteins. Opn4m was restricted exclusively to the GC layer at all ages, whereas Opn4x was limited to the forming GC layer and optic nerve at E8, but by E15, its expression was mostly in Prox1(+) horizontal cells. CONCLUSIONS The early expression onset of nonvisual phototransduction molecules could confer premature photosensitivity to RGCs, while the appearance of Opn4x expression in horizontal cells suggests the identification of a novel type of photosensitive cell in birds.