Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Remote Sensing Emission Spectra of Composite Igneous Rocks

Analysis of rock spectrum is a fundamental work for rocks and minerals detection by using remote sensing. Our work is focused on characteristics of composite igneous rocks within 8~14 um, and studying the relationship between emissivity of rocks and their mineral ingredient, structure, alteration, as well as intergrowth conditions. Continuum removal method is used to normalize the spectrum. Shape parameters of low emission, including location, depth, width, depth/width, area and symmetry are measured and analyzed together with rock chemistry information. Xinchang was selected to be a study area in this paper. The late mesozoic volcanic rocks and intrusive rocks widely exposed in this area contained a variety of rock types. Results showed that spectra changed greatly from acidic rocks to basic rocks. The mineral components and their proportions are the primary factors which have important influence on their spectral characteristics. Besides, the intergrowth condition of rocks is another influence on the spectra of rocks.
NEW COMMUNICATION TREND OF THE CORPORATIONS: CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY - AN ANALYSIS REGARDING CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY CONSCIOUSNESS OF THE CORPORATIONS HAVING THE HIGHEST CORPORATE REPUTATION IN TURKEY

Corporate social responsibility campaigns which are one of the most fundamental determinative subjects in the connection of a corporation with the world and one of the most important parameters of corporate reputation are a long-term communication system. When we look at history, we see that the elements encouraging humans to social behaviours dated back centuries ago. Corporate social responsibility incorporates many studies such as making studies within the framework of ethical rules and preparing voluntary social campaigns other than obeying to the laws. Also, corporate social responsibility not only includes obeying to the legal and economical obligations but also proactive and voluntary administration efforts regarding social and environmental problems. This study aims to reveal the viewpoints of the corporations of the highest standing in Turkey to CSR enterprises. Corporate social responsibility enterprises-related principles, strategies, social enterprise fields and evaluations of public relations implementers of “The Most Admired Companies in Turkey”, determined by Capital Monthly Business and Economy Magazine in 2008, will be presented. Therefore, a status determination study was performed by having a thorough interview with public relations' implementers that develop more integrated management policies by taking into consideration projects providing benefits to society and all the social stakeholders and the environment, and contribute to excellent communication and accordingly the development of corporate reputation.
Organizational Structure and Institutional Support for USDA Forest Service Partnerships

i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii LIST OF TABLES viii LIST OF FIGURES x CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Research Objectives 3 1.2 Thesis Overview 4 CHAPTER 2 – LITERATURE REVIEW 6 2.1 Organizational Structure & Management Directive of the USFS 6 2.2 Partnerships within the USFS 8 2.3 Defining Partnerships 10 2.4 The Growing Trend of Partnerships 13 2.5 Partnership Limitations & Constraints 16 2.6 Partnership Typology & Structure 18 2.7 Institutional Characteristics & Support 24 CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 27 3.1 Sampling 27 3.2 Survey Research 31 3.3 Survey Instrument 32 Institutional Support 33 Partnership Reliance 34 Partnership Networks 35 3.4 Pilot Study 40 3.5 Data Collection 40 3.6 Data Management 41 3.7 Data Analyses 41
Essay I : Intra-industry contagion and competitive efffects associated with corporate liquidation announcements : does shareholder governance influence the results? and essay II : investors' pricing of exchange rate risk in U.S. firms that file for bankruptcy

Essay I: Intra-Industry C ontagion a n d C om petitive Effects A ssoc ia ted with C orporate Liquidation A nnouncem ents: D oes Shareholder G o v e rn an ce Influence the Results? J. Terry Ray Old Dominion University, 1998 Director: Dr. Kenneth Yung This essay extends earlier research by investigating the role shareholder governance may play in the abnormal stock returns of the liquidating firms’ competitors. The empirical model used for analyzing the abnormal returns includes variables to capture the influence of: leverage, Tobin’s q, the Herfin­ dahl index. Book Equity-to-Market Equity ratio, the level of institutional stock ownership, and the level of stock ownership by insiders. The conclusion is leverage of the liquidating firm as well as its compet­ itors is the major factor affecting the stock returns of the competitor firms. Additionally, there are significantly negative returns for the rival firms when institutional investors held more than 21% of the liquidating firm’s equity. Essay II: Investors’ Pricing of E xchange Rate Risk in U.S. Firms tha t File for Bankruptcy Director: Dr. Mohammad Najand The thesis of this essay is those firms that file for bankruptcy are more sensitive to changes in the exchange rate, as well as changes in the overall economy, than other firms. Using the 48-m onth period preceding the bank­ ruptcy announcement, we examine the relationship between abnormal returns and changes in: 1) the economy, and 2) the foreign exchange rate. Applying a couple of filters to the data resulted in a significant relation­ ship for changes in both the industrial production index — our proxy for the economy — and foreign exchange rate for years three and four preceding the bankruptcy announcement, but not years one or two. One may conclude that: 1) financially weakened firms are sensitive to changes in the foreign exchange rate and industrial production index, or 2) not ju st the financially weakened, but all firms are sensitive to changes in these two economic barometers. In either case, when it becomes obvious that bankruptcy is a strong likelihood, the forthcoming bankruptcy overshadows other economic influences. R eproduced with perm ission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without perm ission. © Copyright 1998 by J. Terry Ray All Rights Reserved
La política de dividendos y la teoría de agencia: la emisión de acciones para financiar el pago de dividendos

This paper analyses whether firms use the dividend policy strategically to transmit information to the market and to reconcile the interests of the different groups of the company. We ESIC MARKET. ENERO-ABRIL 2004 study theoretical and empirically which structure and operation variables characterise to firms when they decide to pay high or low dividends or not to pay them. One of the most interesting contributions of this research is the study of equity issues in this context. We obtain that firms that don’t distribute dividends issue equity to finance profitable investment opportunities and those firms that distribute dividends issue equity to finance them in order to transmit a signal to the market. Moreover, we demonstrate that dividend policy is an efficient mechanism of signalling since success firms use it to transmit a reliable sign that cannot be imitated by other companies.
Re‐engineering global supply chains: Alliances between manufacturing firms and global logistics services providers

During the 1990s, globalization and time‐based competition have emerged as important business strategies leading to renewed emphasis on the logistics function. This has opened up opportunities for strategic alliances between manufacturing firms and specialized logistics services providers, with each partner focusing on its core area of competence. Although such alliances are common in North America and Europe, the determinants of success of such partnerships in the global context are not well researched and understood. Moreover this concept is relatively new in Asia. This paper presents an overview of the issues that impact the success of a strategic partnership between manufacturing firms and global logistics services providers (GLSPs). A case study featuring Motorola’s Semiconductor Products Sector and United Parcel Service (UPS) is described, for bringing out the important tradeoffs in such an alliance.
Efficiency in a fully-expansive theorem prover

The HOL system is a fully-expansive theorem prover: Proofs generated in the system are composed of applications of the primitive inference rules of the underlying logic. This has two main advantages. First, the soundness of the system depends only on the implementations of the primitive rules. Second, users can be given the freedom to write their own proof procedures without the risk of making the system unsound. A full functional programming language is provided for this purpose. The disadvantage with the approach is that performance is compromised. This is partly due to the inherent cost of fully expanding a proof but, as demonstrated in this thesis, much of the observed ine ciency is due to the way the derived proof procedures are written. This thesis seeks to identify sources of non-inherent ine ciency in the HOL system and proposes some general-purpose and some specialised techniques for eliminating it. One area that seems to be particularly amenable to optimisation is equational reasoning. This is signi cant because equational reasoning constitutes large portions of many proofs. A number of techniques are proposed that transparently optimise equational reasoning. Existing programs in the HOL system require little or no modi cation to work faster. The other major contribution of this thesis is a framework in which part of the computation involved in HOL proofs can be postponed. This enables users to make better use of their time. The technique exploits a form of lazy evaluation. The critical feature is the separation of the code that generates the structure of a theorem from the code that justi es it logically. Delaying the justi cation allows some non-local optimisations to be performed in equational reasoning. None of the techniques sacri ce the security of the fully-expansive approach. A decision procedure for a subset of the theory of linear arithmetic is used to illustrate many of the techniques. Decision procedures for this theory are commonplace in theorem provers due to the importance of arithmetic reasoning. The techniques described in the thesis have been implemented and execution times are given. The implementation of the arithmetic procedure is a major contribution in itself. For the rst time, users of the HOL system are able to prove many arithmetic lemmas automatically in a practical amount of time (typically a second or two). The applicability of the techniques to other fully-expansive theorem provers and possible extensions of the ideas are considered. vii
Adopting a New Auditing Standard: The Case of ISA 570–Based Going Concern Reporting in Sweden

Auditing standards change regularly, but little is known about how audit firms implement new standards. A going concern standard based on ISA 570 came into effect in 2004 in Sweden, and we here study the temporal evolution of going concern reporting from 2004 to 2011. The likelihood that a going concern opinion had been issued prior to bankruptcy significantly increased with the time elapsed since the standard’s adoption. We examined whether this result is driven by learning or by changed perceptions regarding the cost of failing to modify the report, and we found support for both explanations. The finding that increased numbers of going concern opinions largely coincided with more disciplinary cases against auditors related to their going concern reporting suggests that revised perceptions about costs play a role.
New insights into the dual fluorescence of methyl salicylate: effects of intermolecular hydrogen bonding and solvation.

In this paper, we propose a new and complete mechanism for dual fluorescence of methyl salicylate (MS) under different conditions using a combined experimental (i.e., steady-state absorption and emission spectra and time-resolved fluorescence spectra) and theoretical (i.e., time-dependent density function theory) study. First, our theoretical study indicates that the barrier height for excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reaction of ketoB depends on the solvent polarity. In nonpolar solvents, the ESIPT reaction of ketoB is barrierless; the barrier height will increase with increasing solvent polarity. Second, we found that, in alcoholic solvents, intermolecular hydrogen bonding plays a more important role. The ketoB form of MS can form two hydrogen bonds with alcoholic solvents; one will facilitate ESIPT and produce the emission band in the blue region; the other one precludes ESIPT and produces the emission band in the near-UV region. Our proposed new mechanism can well explain previous results as well as our new experimental results.
Application of Corporate Outsourcing Methods to the Department of Defense

Abstract : In the face of the growing application of outsourcing, the Department of Defense lacks a methodology to assess which organizational functions ought to be outsourced. Without such a methodology, The Department of Defense is likely to misapply resources in outsourcing efforts. This thesis examines the outsourcing policies and practices of two U.S. corporations to provide lessons and models for use developing a methodology for Department of Defense activities to assess feasibility for specific outsourcing initiatives.
Hip Prosthesis of Antibiotic-Loaded Acrylic Cement for the Treatment of Infections Following Total Hip Arthroplasty

Infection continues to be one of the most feared complications of total hip arthroplasty. Despite many advances over the past three decades, this infrequent complication continues to undermine an otherwise highly predictable and successful procedure. The prosthesis of antibiotic-loaded acrylic cement (PROSTALAC; DePuy, Warsaw, Indiana) is a temporary hip-replacement articulated spacer intended for patients who need a two-stage exchange arthroplasty for the treatment of a confirmed or suspected infection at the site of a total hip replacement. This device has received approval from the United States Food and Drug Administration as a humanitarian use device. (This humanitarian device has been authorized by federal law as a short-term total hip replacement [THR] in patients who need a two-stage procedure to treat a confirmed infection of their THR and where vancomycin and tobramycin are the most appropriate antibiotics for treatment of the infection based on the susceptibility pattern of the infecting microorganism[s]. The effectiveness of this device for this use has not been determined.) The early experience with 135 patients who were treated with the PROSTALAC implant is reported. Initial experience has also been reported in previous publications 1-2. The PROSTALAC system ( Fig. 1 ) is a temporary total hip replacement prosthesis that is used as a first-stage exchange articulated spacer and provides for local delivery of antibiotics at the infection site. It comprises a short or long-stem cobalt-chrome-alloy core femoral implant; a one-piece, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, snap-fit acetabular component; a standard 32-mm cobalt-chrome modular femoral head; and a polymethylmethacrylate stem centralizer. Polymethylmethacrylate bone cement and the antibiotic in powder form are the remaining components of the system. Fig. 1: The PROSTALAC system (A) consists of a snap-fit, all-polyethylene cemented acetabular component with a metal endoskeleton, femoral head, and centralizer that are inserted into a mold (B) that is …
Extreme genetic structure in a social bird species despite high dispersal capacity

Social barriers have been shown to reduce gene flow and contribute to genetic structure among populations in species with high cognitive capacity and complex societies, such as cetaceans, apes and humans. In birds, high dispersal capacity is thought to prevent population divergence unless major geographical or habitat barriers induce isolation patterns by dispersal, colonization or adaptation limitation. We report that Iberian populations of the red‐billed chough, a social, gregarious corvid with high dispersal capacity, show a striking degree of genetic structure composed of at least 15 distinct genetic units. Monitoring of marked individuals over 30 years revealed that long‐distance movements over hundreds of kilometres are common, yet recruitment into breeding populations is infrequent and highly philopatric. Genetic differentiation is weakly related to geographical distance, and habitat types used are overall qualitatively similar among regions and regularly shared by individuals of different populations, so that genetic structure is unlikely to be due solely to isolation by distance or isolation by adaptation. Moreover, most population nuclei showed relatively high levels of genetic diversity, suggesting a limited role for genetic drift in significantly differentiating populations. We propose that social mechanisms may underlie this unprecedented level of genetic structure in birds through a pattern of isolation by social barriers not yet described, which may have driven this remarkable population divergence in the absence of geographical and environmental barriers.
Market Integration and the Competitive Effects of Mergers

This paper examines how the deepening of market integration – a characteristic feature of the so-called globalization – affects the assessment of the competitive effects of (horizontal) mergers. We distinguish between supply-side and demand-side market integration and we argue that the latter type of market integration has been largely neglected in the literature while most of the research focused on the effects of supply-side market integration. Our main concern is that demand-side market integration may give rise to a new anticompetitive effect of mergers which is a result of firms’ incentives to price discriminate between different regions. We also relate our analysis to the proper definition of the relevant geographical market, where we criticize the SSNIP test (or, hypothetical monopolist test) which tends to define markets too narrowly from our perspective.COMMENT: Bjorn A. Kuchinke
First-line intra-arterial versus intravenous chemotherapy in unilateral sporadic group D retinoblastoma: evidence of better visual outcomes, ocular survival and shorter time to success with intra-arterial delivery from retrospective review of 20 years of treatment

Purpose The introduction of intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) as salvage treatment has improved the prognosis for eye conservation in group D retinoblastoma. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of consecutive patients with advanced unilateral disease treated with either first-line intravenous chemotherapy (IVC) or first-line IAC. Design This is a retrospective mono-centric comparative review of consecutive patients. Patients Sporadic unilateral retinoblastoma group D cases treated conservatively at Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital and CHUV between 1997 and 2014. From January 1997 to August 2008, IVC, combined with focal treatments, was the primary treatment approach. From September 2008 to October 2014, IAC replaced IVC as first-line therapy. Methods 48 patients met the inclusion criteria, receiving only either IAC or IVC as primary treatment modality. Results Outcomes of 23 patients treated by IVC were compared with those of 25 treated by IAC; mean follow-up was 105.3 months (range 29.2–218.6) and 41.7 months (range 19.6–89.5), respectively. Treatment duration was significantly shorter in the IAC group (p<0.001). Ten eyes in the IVC group underwent enucleation. Recordable visual acuity of the salvaged eyes was significantly better in the IAC group (0.9 vs 1.4 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution, p<0.01). No extraocular disease, metastases or long-term systemic complications were observed in either group. Conclusions The difference in the time frame between treatment groups had an impact on the availability of intravitreal chemotherapy treatment. Despite this, the results reported here imply that eyes treated with first-line IAC will have shorter treatment period, better ocular survival and visual acuity than first-line IVC.
Wavelet-based long memory study in american and chinese stock market

A long memory analysis based on wavelet transform of financial data is proposed. This method treats return series and volatility series in stock market as a fractional differenced noise process, and analyzes it by MODWT(maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform). The result shows there is a lineal relationship between wavelet variance logarithm and scale logarithm, so a long memory parameter can be obtained by using the relationship. This method is proved to be effective and feasible by analyzing the return series and volatility series of composite indexes of American and Chinese stock market.
Acute injury of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone: a common but unrecognized lesion in the immature knee.

OBJECTIVE We studied the prevalence of injuries of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone after acute trauma in skeletally immature knees using high-resolution MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed knee MRIs of 126 young children and adolescents suspected to have internal knee derangement, including 82 with open physes and a control group of 44 who were skeletally mature. High-resolution proton density and T2-weighted pulse sequences were used in all patients. The prevalence of common injuries in the two groups was compared using chi-square analysis. Levels of interobserver agreement for evaluation of chondral lesions in the skeletally immature group were determined using the kappa statistic. RESULTS In the skeletally immature group, chondral lesions were the most prevalent injuries (prevalence = 0.34, p = 0.009) followed by meniscal and anterior cruciate ligament injuries (prevalence = 0.23 and 0.24, respectively). No significant difference in the prevalence of chondral injury before and after physeal closure was seen (p = 0.45). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of anterior cruciate ligament injuries between the two groups, but meniscal injuries were more prevalent in the skeletally mature patients (prevalence = 0.41, p = 0.037). Interobserver agreement for chondral injuries in the group with open physes was good (weighted kappa = 0.45-0.51). CONCLUSION The most common injuries occurring as a result of acute trauma to the immature knee were chondral. In patients with open physes, chondral injuries were significantly more prevalent than anterior cruciate ligament and meniscal injuries.