Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of multi-drug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates harboring blaCTX-M group extended-spectrum β-lactamases recovered from pediatric patients in Shenzhen, southern China

Aims and Objectives: The emergence and spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) particularly CTX-M producing multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the greatest challenges for community health globally. The study investigated the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of ESBLs-producing E. coli recovered from pediatric patients from Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, China. Materials and methods: Present study, a total of 2,670 isolates of E. coli were collected from Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, China of which 950 were ESBLs producer. ESBLs production was confirmed by using the combination disc diffusion method, and antimicrobial susceptibility test was detected. In addition, β-lactamase-producing genes and co-existence of carbapenem/colistin resistance genes were determined by PCR assay and sequencing. The diversity and phylogenetic relationship were determined by multi-locus sequence typing method. Results: Thirty-five percent (n=950) prevalence of ESBLs-producing E. coli we reported in Shenzhen, China of which 50 ESBLs producing E. coli were randomly selected for a further characterization. All 50 ESBLs- producing E. coli isolates revealed MDR phenotype and 100% were resistant to Ampicillin/sulbactam, Ampicillin, Cefazolin, and Ceftriaxone. All 50 ESBLs producers harbored at least one type of β-lactamase gene particular blaCTX-M. The PCR and sequencing revealed the most common CTX-M subtype was blaCTX-M-15 (n=18), followed by blaCTX-M-14 (n=16), blaCTX-M-90 (n=9), blaCTX-M-55 (n=3), blaCTX-M-27, blaCTX-M-101, and blaCTX-M-211 each (n=1). Co-existence of blaCTX-M with blaTEM, blaSHV, blaGES, and blaVEB was detected in few isolates. Among identified sequence types, ST131 (12%) was more dominant in ESBLs-producing E. coli. Phylogenetic group A was the most prominent group among the ESBLs-producing E. coli based on multiplex PCR. Conclusion: Our study shows the prevalence of blaCTX-M gene in ESBLs-producing E. coli in pediatric patients in Shenzhen, China. We highlight the importance to monitor the emergence and trends of ESBLs-producing isolates in a pediatric healthcare setting.
¿Quitarse de pleitos? Litigiosidad mercantil y práctica arbitral en la Carrera de Indias a finales del siglo XVI

El arbitraje se ha considerado como la vía idónea para resolver disputas mercantiles. Sin embargo, los pleitos de la Casa de la Contratación de Sevilla evidencian las dificultades a las que se enfrentaba esta práctica debido a la carencia de los árbitros de poderes coercitivos para exigir el cumplimiento de los laudos. Esto significaba que la ejecución de los mismos precisó de la intervención de los tribunales, lo cual desvirtúa el propósito del arbitraje como solución extrajudicial, simplificada y económica.
Impacts of Land Cover/Use Changes on Hydrological Processes in a Rapidly Urbanizing Mid-latitude Water Supply Catchment

This research aimed to evaluate the impact of land cover/use changes on watershed responses and hydrological processes by applying the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) distributed hydrologic model to the Buyukcekmece Water Basin of Istanbul Metropolitan city. SWAT model was run for two different scenarios for the 40-year period between 1973 and 2012, after completing calibration procedures under gauge-data scarce conditions. For the first scenario, 1990 dated Land cover/land use (LCLU) map and meteorological data obtained between 1973 and 2012 were used. For the second scenario, 2006 dated LCLU map and same meteorological data were used to analyze the impact of changing landscape characteristics on hydrological processes. In the selected watershed, LCLU changes started towards the end of the 1980s and reached a significant status in 2006; therefore, 1990 and 2006 dated LCLU maps are important to model human impact period in the watershed. Afterwards, LCLU changes within sub-basin level were investigated to quantify the effects of different types of land changes on the major hydrological components such as actual evapotranspiration, percolation, soil water, base flow, surface runoff and runoff. Our analysis indicated that, under the same climatic conditions, changes in land cover/use, specifically urbanization, played a considerable role in hydrological dynamics with changes on actual transpiration, base flow, surface runoff, runoff, percolation and soil water mainly due to urban and agricultural area changes. Among the different hydrological components analyzed at watershed level, percolation, ET and base flow were found to be highly sensitive to LCLU changes, whereas soil water was found as the least sensitive to same LCLU changes.
A Simple Concurrent Parameter Estimation Method Suitable for Noncontact Vital Sensing Using a Doppler Sensor

In this paper, a simple concurrent parameter estimation method for multiple periodic signals is proposed, which provides extensive performance evaluations through computer simulations. This method is suitable for vital sensing using a Doppler sensor. It enables us to simultaneously estimate the number of targets, periods, directions, and fundamental waveforms of each of the multiple targets. Particularly, simulation results clarify that the proposed method allows estimating the directions of multiple targets even if the number of the targets exceeds the degree of freedom of receiver antennas. In addition, it is emphasized that the direction estimation by the proposed method is robust against the coherence among the incoming signals.
New record of the Crenimugil crenilabis (Forsskål, 1775) (Mugiliformes: Mugilidae) from Korea, as revealed by mitochondrial DNA barcoding

Abstract Crenimugil crenilabis (Forsskål 1775) is a fish species newly identified with molecular analysis and reported in Korea for the first time. A single specimen of C. crenilabis was collected from a tidal pool on the southern coast of Jeju Island, Korea in August 2018. This species is characterized by several rows of papillae on both lips, no notch in the mouth corner, the presence of 36 lateral-line scales, and 24 vertebrae. The present specimen is morphologically similar to another seven mugilid species reported in Korea, but mitochondrial DNA COI gene analysis revealed that it is almost identical to C. crenilabis, sharing 98.9–99.3% identity, compared with 75.9–90.3% identity with other species. It’s newly proposed Korean names are ‘Dol-gi-ip-sung-eo-sok’ for the genus and ‘Dol-gi-ip-sung-eo’ for the species.
A Study of the Cognitive Effects of Facebook: Narcissism

Humans are a social species. Evolution has left us with an innate desire to connect and communicate cooperatively with our fellow man, for this connection in turn helps raise our individual survival and reproductive fitness. This evolution of social desire didn’t stop at our genes either; where natural selection may have set the initial stage, cognition pushed it to its limits. We are now immersed in a world revolving around our peers, sharing a connection that until now has been unheard of within the history of this planet. Though, this innate social desire exists within many other forms of species as well, our kind is the first to take it to the global scale. We have the power as individuals to communicate with other people across the world, sharing news and ideas instantaneously with the push of a button. We are successfully pushing the limits of time and space, and can hold the invention of the internet accountable for this development.
Deconstructing taxa x taxa x environment interactions in the microbiota: A theoretical examination

A major objective of microbial ecology is to identify how the composition of gut microbial taxa shapes host phenotypes. However, most studies focus solely on community-level patterns and pairwise interactions and ignore the potentially significant effects of higher-order interactions involving three or more component taxa. Studies on higher-order interactions among microbial taxa are scarce for many reasons, including experimental intractability, daunting diversity and complexity of many microbial systems, and the potential confounding role of the environment. Moreover, we still lack the empirical and statistical tools to isolate and understand the role of higher-order interactions on the host. Here, we apply a mathematical approach to quantifying the effects of higher-order interactions among taxa on host infection risk. To do so, we adapt the Hadamard-Walsh method recently used in evolutionary genetics to quantify the nonlinear effects of mutations on fitness. We apply our approach to an in silico dataset built to resemble a population of insect hosts with gut-associated microbial communities at risk of infection from an intestinal parasite. Critically, we examine these interactions across a breadth of environmental contexts, using nutrient content of the insect diet as a model for context. We find that the effect of higher-order interactions is considerable and can change appreciably across environmental contexts. Strikingly, the relative eminence of different orders (pairwise vs. third order, fourth order, and fifth order) changes as a function of environmental context. Furthermore, we show–in our theoretical microcosm–that higher-order interactions can stabilize community structure thereby reducing host susceptibility to parasite invasion. Our approach illustrates how incorporating the effects of higher-order interactions among gut microbiota across environments can be essential for understanding their effects on host phenotypes. We conclude that higher-order interactions among taxa can profoundly shape important organismal phenotypes, and they deserve greater attention in host-associated microbiome studies.
On the Absorption Feature in the Prompt X-Ray Spectrum of GRB 990705

The absorption feature detected in the prompt X-ray emission of GRB 990705 bears important consequences. We investigate different production mechanisms, and we conclude that the absorbing material cannot be very close to the burster and is likely to be moderately clumped. These properties challenge any model in which the burst explodes in coincidence with the core collapse of a massive rotating star. We show that the straightforward interpretation of the absorption feature as a photoionization K edge of neutral iron faces a severe problem in that it requires a huge amount of iron in the close vicinity of the burster. We then discuss an alternative scenario in which iron ions are kept in a high-ionization state by the burst flux and the absorption feature is produced by resonant scattering from hydrogen-like iron broadened by a range of outflow velocities. In this case, the physical conditions and geometry of the absorbing material are fully consistent with the presence of a young supernova remnant surrounding the burst site at a radius R ~ 1016 cm. We finally discuss how this remnant might affect the generation of afterglows with a standard power-law flux decay.
Character-based Subtitle Generation by Learning of Multimodal Concept Hierarchy from Cartoon Videos

Previous multimodal learning methods focus on problem-solving aspects, such as image and video search and tagging, rather than on knowledge acquisition via content modeling. In this paper, we propose the Multimodal Concept Hierarchy (MuCH), which is a content modeling method that uses a cartoon video dataset and a character-based subtitle generation method from the learned model. The MuCH model has a multimodal hypernetwork layer, in which the patterns of the words and image patches are represented, and a concept layer, in which each concept variable is represented by a probability distribution of the words and the image patches. The model can learn the characteristics of the characters as concepts from the video subtitles and scene images by using a Bayesian learning method and can also generate character-based subtitles from the learned model if text queries are provided. As an experiment, the MuCH model learned concepts from 'Pororo' cartoon videos with a total of 268 minutes in length and generated character-based subtitles. Finally, we compare the results with those of other multimodal learning models. The Experimental results indicate that given the same text query, our model generates more accurate and more character-specific subtitles than other models.
Evaluation of Analgesic and Anti -inflammatory Activity of Moringa stenopetala Bak.(Moringaceae) in Mice

Moringa stenopetala Bak F.is commonly used in folk medicine as a single drug remedy to treat various aliments like; hypertension, headache, stomach disorders, asthma, diabetes and malaria. However, the use of the herb for treatment of pain and inflammation has not been scientifically investigated. Thus, in this experiment 80% methanol crude extract of the leaves of M.stenopetala was evaluated for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties using established animal models. Swiss albino mice of either sex were randomly divided into five groups of six mice per group. The negative control group was orally given 0.5 ml of distilled water. The positive control received standard drug (morphine 10 mg//kg, Acetyl salicylic acid 81mg/kg, Indomethacin 25mg/kg). The rest of the groups were treated with 80 % methanol extract of M. Stenopetala at doses of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg.Animals were then subjected to a battery of tests including hot plate, tail flick, acetic acid induced writhing, and carrageenan induced paw oedema tests. M. stenopetala extract showed a dose-dependent significant reduction of pain in analgesia models (p<0.001) with 600 mg/kg dose producing the highest reduction. The extract significantly reduced carrageenan induced inflammation in a dose independent manner, in which the highest reduction of inflammation was observed at 400mg/kg. The data collectively indicate that 80% methanol extract of M. Stenopetala leaves have potential analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities against stimuli in the tested animals and can be recommended for further studies.
Analysis of tuberculosis preventive therapy implementation among freshmen in universities of Tongzhou district in Beijing

目的 调查通州区大学新生预防性治疗结核病实施现状,发现预防性治疗过程中产生的问题,分析问题产生的原因. 方法 对通州区全部8所大学2009年大学新生进行结核菌素试验,所有结核菌素试验硬结最大横径≥15 mm或有水泡、丘疹、双圈、淋巴管炎、坏死等作为预防性治疗对象. 并进行健康教育,在自愿条件下进行预防性治疗. 统计并分析预防性治疗参与情况、服药的规律性等. 结果 结核菌素筛查试验完成率76. 9%,预防性治.
Franchisees and Loan Default on Third-Party Guarantee Loans: Evidence From the United States

We test the inefficient risk-bearing hypothesis—that third-party loan guarantors bear a higher risk on loans to franchisees than on loans to independent businesses—by assessing whether franchisees default more than independent businesses on third-party guarantee loans. In a sample of 428,233 SBA 7(a) loans disbursed between 2000 and 2016, franchisee loans, compared to independent business loans, with a higher percentage of the loan guarantee or made 1 to 2 years before a recession have a higher likelihood of default. The findings imply a distinctive loan default risk profile for franchisee loans.
Elucidation of Folate-Mediated Cascades in the Developing Neural Tube: Congenital Malformations Induced by Methyltransferase Inhibition

Folic acid supplementation has been shown to signiﬁcantly reduce both the occurrence and the recurrence of neural tube defects (NTDs) in human populations, yet the underlying mechanisms for reducing the risk of NTDs continue to be debated. This study examined genetic background and select folate metabolites as possible modiﬁers that may inﬂuence NTD risk. Speciﬁcally, several folate cycle and methylation metabolites were examined for their ability to reduce the occurrence of NTDs in two congenic mouse strains carrying targeted disruption of the folate receptor 1 ( Folr1 ) gene. SWV- Folr1 tm1Fnn and LM/Bc- Folr1 tm1Fnn mice were provided with folate or several folate pathway metabolites, or combinations thereof, to determine the ability of these compounds to rescue nullizygous embryos from lethality and NTDs. Results demonstrated that SWV- Folr1 tm1Fnn and LM/Bc-Folr1 tm1Fnn mice exhibit different dose responses to folinic acid (5-formyl-tetrahydrofolate) supplementation; however, treating dams throughout gestation with downstream metabolites indicated that only folates rescued Folr1 nullizygous embryos from lethality and NTDs. Chemical inhibitors of folate metabolism were used to further elucidate essential enzymatic and biochemical metabolites. These data demonstrate that the inhibition of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (AHCY) or selective inhibition of folate responsive isoprenylcysteine carboxylmethyltransferase (ICMT) results in embryo toxicity and fetuses with anterior NTDs. These data indicate that genetic background modiﬁes NTD penetrance in folate-supplemented Folr1 tm1Fnn mutants, while downstream metabolites of folate metabolism are not capable of rescuing Folr1 tm1Fnn mutants. Moreover, these ﬁndings support the hypothesis that the methylation cycle and post-translational methylation of key signaling proteins such as Ras, by ICMT are essential to neural tube closure.
Generation of Spin‐Dependent Accelerating Beam with Geometric Metasurface

Airy beam holds great promise for wide applications because of its unique features of being diffraction‐free, self‐accelerating, and self‐healing. Much efforts are devoted to develop concise and efficient methods to generate and manipulate accelerating Airy beams. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to generate single or paired Airy beams by encoding the geometric phase of dielectric metasurface. Cubic phase, together with a linearly gradient phase, is imposed on the metasurface to control the acceleration and initial launching velocity of accelerating Airy beams. Spin‐dependent geometric phase facilitates the generation of spin‐dependent Airy beams by simply controlling the polarization of incident light. High quality of the generated Airy beam is testified by characterization of its diffraction‐free, self‐accelerating, and self‐healing propagation. Despite the loss for silicon in visible region, generation efficiency as high as 63% is achieved for the metasurface Airy beam generator. The results demonstrate the possibility to manipulate complex structured optical field with all‐dielectric metasurface and broaden the potential application of Airy beams into compact and integrated systems.
An Evolutionary Algorithm for Large-Scale Sparse Multiobjective Optimization Problems

In the last two decades, a variety of different types of multiobjective optimization problems (MOPs) have been extensively investigated in the evolutionary computation community. However, most existing evolutionary algorithms encounter difficulties in dealing with MOPs whose Pareto optimal solutions are sparse (i.e., most decision variables of the optimal solutions are zero), especially when the number of decision variables is large. Such large-scale sparse MOPs exist in a wide range of applications, for example, feature selection that aims to find a small subset of features from a large number of candidate features, or structure optimization of neural networks whose connections are sparse to alleviate overfitting. This paper proposes an evolutionary algorithm for solving large-scale sparse MOPs. The proposed algorithm suggests a new population initialization strategy and genetic operators by taking the sparse nature of the Pareto optimal solutions into consideration, to ensure the sparsity of the generated solutions. Moreover, this paper also designs a test suite to assess the performance of the proposed algorithm for large-scale sparse MOPs. The experimental results on the proposed test suite and four application examples demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm over seven existing algorithms in solving large-scale sparse MOPs.
Risk Assessment of Water Supply System Safety Based on Water Safety Plan (WSP) Implementation in Hamadan, Iran

One of the prerequisites for maintaining the health of the community is the use of safe drinking water (1). So, water is very important for human activity (2). In recent decades, industrialization, mechanization of agricultural activities and population growth, etc., is among the factors that pollute drinking water (3). Various diseases such as diarrhea, cholera, dysentery, typhoid, etc. can create by polluted drinking water (4). Overall, contaminated water due to the degradation of water quality and can threaten the human health and disturb the balance of the ecosystem (2,5). Water suppliers are responsible for providing safe water to the community use. Various tools are available to ensure the safety of water supply systems, including the hazard analysis critical control (HACCP), qualitative microbial risk assessment A-R-T-I-C-L-EI-N-F-O A-B-S-T-R-A-C-T Article Notes: Received: Sep 13, 2018 Received in revised form: Feb 24, 2019 Accepted: Feb 28, 2019 Available Online: Marc 14, 2019 Background & Aims of the Study: There are several methods for determining the water supply system safety, including the WSP program that recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). So, the aim of this study was assessment the water supply system of Hamadan city based on the Water Safety Plan (WSP) guideline introduced by the world health organization in 2018. Materials & Methods: This investigation employed the WSP-QA Tool and the WSP manual of the WHO and the AWI in 2017. For this purpose, software checklists were prepared and, after confirmation of content and face validity, completed based on Hamadan water and wastewater company records and interview with company’s experts. Data was analyzed using WSP-QA Tool and then system hazards were identified and risk assessment and prioritized hazards were performed by use of semi-quantitative risk matrix approach presented by the WHO guideline. Results: The results showed that from the total score of 440 complete implementations of WSP and according to the 384 score related investigation different phases of this study, the 220 score was achieved that 50 % was coordinated with WSP. The Results of risk assessment showed that discharge wastewater from a village and agriculture in the catchment, blocked filter and algae in treatment, old pipe and excavation and installation facilities in the distribution and pressure drop and constructing wells at home in point of use are the most important hazards in water supply system of Hamadan. Conclusions: Overall, The results showed that the implementation WSP in Hamadan city is in a moderate situation.
Evaluation of candidate gene effects and environmental factors on reproductive performance of Holstein cows

This study investigated the impact of nine polymorphisms located in the CSN2 , CSN3 , CSN1S1 , CSN1S2 , OLR1 , LALBA , STAT1 , DGAT1 and LGB genes, and environmental factors including calving year, season and parity on reproductive traits. The analysis was conducted on 165 Holstein-Friesian cows. Genotypes were identified using PCR-RFLP. The data of reproductive traits for four lactations were evaluated. Statistical analysis was carried out using least squares of the GLM procedures. Results indicated that CSN2 had significant effects on days before first insemination and first insemination to pregnancy interval. The SNP at the CSN3 was significantly associated with gestation length. A novel effect of OLR1 -C223A on age at first calving was observed in the present study. Moreover, DGAT1 and LGB markers were significantly associated with calving interval and days before first insemination, respectively. In addition, significant environmental effects were as follows: calving year with days before first oestrus, days open, and first insemination to pregnancy interval; season with days open, first insemination to pregnancy interval, and calving interval; parity with days before first oestrus and days open. The present results and novel associations may therefore be useful and indicative for future studies on a genetic basis of cattle reproduction traits. Keywords: cattle, environmental effects, genetic marker, Holstein-Friesian, reproduction parameters