Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temporal trends in incidence and patient characteristics in cardiogenic shock following acute myocardial infarction from 2010 to 2017: a Danish cohort study

We sought to describe the contemporary annual incidence of cardiogenic shock (CS) following acute myocardial infarction (AMICS), the proportion of patients developing CS following ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and other temporal changes in AMICS in Denmark between 2010 and 2017.
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Sbi paralogs inhibit complement and bind IgM, IgG Fc and Fab

The success of staphylococci as pathogens has been attributed, in part, to their ability to evade their hosts’ immune systems. Although the proteins involved in evasion have been extensively studied in staphylococci affecting humans little characterization has been done with Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, an important cause of pyoderma in dogs. Staphylococcus aureus binder of immunoglobulin (Sbi) interferes with innate immune recognition by interacting with multiple host proteins. In this study, a S. pseudintermedius gene that shares 38% similarity to S. aureus Sbi was cloned from S. pseudintermedius strains representative of major clonal lineages bearing two paralogs of the protein. Binding of immunoglobulins and Fab and Fc fragments as well as interaction with complement was measured. S. pseudintermedius Sbi protein bound IgG from multiple species and canine complement C3, neutralized complement activity and bound to canine IgM and B cells. Evidence from this work suggests Sbi may play an important role in S. pseudintermedius immune evasion.
Norgestrel, a Progesterone Analogue, Promotes Significant Long-Term Neuroprotection of Cone Photoreceptors in a Mouse Model of Retinal Disease.

Purpose Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) refers to a group of inherited blinding retinal diseases, whereby the death of mutated rod photoreceptors is followed closely by the death of cone photoreceptors. Cone cell death can be hugely debilitating as color/daytime vision becomes impaired. Thus, treatments that are effective against cone cell death are urgently needed. Our research has been working toward development of a neuroprotective treatment for RP. We have previously demonstrated significant neuroprotective properties of norgestrel, a progesterone analogue, in the mouse retina. The current study further investigates the potential of norgestrel as a treatment for RP, with a focus on long-term preservation of cone photoreceptors. Methods Using the well-established rd10 mouse model of RP, we administered a norgestrel-supplemented diet at postnatal day (P)30, following widespread loss of rod photoreceptors and at the outset of cone degeneration. We subsequently assessed cone cell morphology and retinal function at P50, P60, and P80, using immunohistochemistry, electroretinograph recordings, and optomotor testing. Results While cone cell degeneration was widespread in the untreated rd10 retina, we observed profound preservation of cone photoreceptor morphology in the norgestrel-treated mice for at least 50 days, out to P80. This was demonstrated by up to 28-fold more cone arrestin-positive photoreceptors. This protection transpired to functional preservation at all ages. Conclusions This work presents norgestrel as an incredibly promising long-term neuroprotective compound for the treatment of RP. Crucially, norgestrel could be used in the mid-late stages of the disease to protect remaining cone cells and help preserve color/daytime vision.
Antioxidant Defence Systems and Oxidative Stress in Poultry Biology: An Update

Poultry in commercial settings are exposed to a range of stressors. A growing body of information clearly indicates that excess ROS/RNS production and oxidative stress are major detrimental consequences of the most common commercial stressors in poultry production. During evolution, antioxidant defence systems were developed in poultry to survive in an oxygenated atmosphere. They include a complex network of internally synthesised (e.g., antioxidant enzymes, (glutathione) GSH, (coenzyme Q) CoQ) and externally supplied (vitamin E, carotenoids, etc.) antioxidants. In fact, all antioxidants in the body work cooperatively as a team to maintain optimal redox balance in the cell/body. This balance is a key element in providing the necessary conditions for cell signalling, a vital process for regulation of the expression of various genes, stress adaptation and homeostasis maintenance in the body. Since ROS/RNS are considered to be important signalling molecules, their concentration is strictly regulated by the antioxidant defence network in conjunction with various transcription factors and vitagenes. In fact, activation of vitagenes via such transcription factors as Nrf2 leads to an additional synthesis of an array of protective molecules which can deal with increased ROS/RNS production. Therefore, it is a challenging task to develop a system of optimal antioxidant supplementation to help growing/productive birds maintain effective antioxidant defences and redox balance in the body. On the one hand, antioxidants, such as vitamin E, or minerals (e.g., Se, Mn, Cu and Zn) are a compulsory part of the commercial pre-mixes for poultry, and, in most cases, are adequate to meet the physiological requirements in these elements. On the other hand, due to the aforementioned commercially relevant stressors, there is a need for additional support for the antioxidant system in poultry. This new direction in improving antioxidant defences for poultry in stress conditions is related to an opportunity to activate a range of vitagenes (via Nrf2-related mechanisms: superoxide dismutase, SOD; heme oxygenase-1, HO-1; GSH and thioredoxin, or other mechanisms: Heat shock protein (HSP)/heat shock factor (HSP), sirtuins, etc.) to maximise internal AO protection and redox balance maintenance. Therefore, the development of vitagene-regulating nutritional supplements is on the agenda of many commercial companies worldwide.
Keratoconus Prevalence Among High School Students in New Zealand.

PURPOSE To determine the prevalence of keratoconus among high school students in Wellington, New Zealand. METHOD The Wellington Keratoconus Study was a population-based prospective cross-sectional study of 2 cohorts in Wellington: cohort 1 (year 9 students, mean age 13.9 years) and cohort 2 (year 11 students, mean age 15.5 years). RESULTS A total of 1916 students with a mean age of 14.6 years participated from 20 schools in the region. Keratoconus was found in 1:191 (0.52%) participants overall and in 1:45 (2.25%) Maori participants. Pentacam mean Kmax of 48.7 diopters (D) (cohort 1, 45.5 D; cohort 2, 49.9 D), thinnest pachymetry of 494.05 μm (cohort 1, 479.0 μm; cohort 2, 499.5 μm), posterior elevation at the thinnest point of 23.4 (cohort 1, 15.2; cohort 2, 26.6), Belin/Ambrosio enhanced ectasia display overall D value of 4.30 (cohort 1, 3.2; cohort 2, 4.7) were noted in participants with keratoconus. In those with keratoconus, 8 of 10 had visual impairment of 0.2 Logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution (LogMAR) or worse in the better eye; 7 of 10 did not use visual aids; 7 of 10 had atopy; and 6 of 10 were from a low school decile. In those without keratoconus, 43.8% had atopy. CONCLUSIONS Keratoconus may affect up to 1 in 191 New Zealand adolescents and 1 in 45 Maori adolescents. Keratoconus appeared to be associated with Maori ethnicity, atopy, lower school decile, visual impairment, and the underutilization of visual aids. Nationwide screening programs may have a role in reducing the burden of disease associated with keratoconus.
Clinical presentation and proteomic signature of patients with TANGO2 mutations

Transport And Golgi Organization protein 2 (TANGO2) deficiency has recently been identified as a rare metabolic disorder with a distinct clinical and biochemical phenotype of recurrent metabolic crises, hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis, rhabdomyolysis, arrhythmias, and encephalopathy with cognitive decline. We report nine subjects from seven independent families, and we studied muscle histology, respiratory chain enzyme activities in skeletal muscle and proteomic signature of fibroblasts. All nine subjects carried autosomal recessive TANGO2 mutations. Two carried the reported deletion of exons 3 to 9, one homozygous, one heterozygous with a 22q11.21 microdeletion inherited in trans. The other subjects carried three novel homozygous (c.262C>T/p.Arg88*; c.220A>C/p.Thr74Pro; c.380+1G>A), and two further novel heterozygous (c.6_9del/p.Phe6del); c.11‐13delTCT/p.Phe5del mutations. Immunoblot analysis detected a significant decrease of TANGO2 protein. Muscle histology showed mild variation of fiber diameter, no ragged‐red/cytochrome c oxidase‐negative fibers and a defect of multiple respiratory chain enzymes and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in two cases, suggesting a possible secondary defect of oxidative phosphorylation. Proteomic analysis in fibroblasts revealed significant changes in components of the mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum‐Golgi network and secretory pathways. Clinical presentation of TANGO2 mutations is homogeneous and clinically recognizable. The hemizygous mutations in two patients suggest that some mutations leading to allele loss are difficult to detect. A combined defect of the respiratory chain enzymes and CoQ10 with altered levels of several membrane proteins provides molecular insights into the underlying pathophysiology and may guide rational new therapeutic interventions.
Lactobacillus yilanensis sp. nov., Lactobacillus bayanensis sp. nov., Lactobacillus keshanensis sp. nov., Lactobacillus kedongensis sp. nov., Lactobacillus baiquanensis sp. nov., Lactobacillus jidongensis sp. nov., Lactobacillus hulinensis sp. nov., Lactobacillus mishanensis sp. nov. and Lactobacill

Fourteen Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains were isolated from Chinese traditional pickle and yogurt. The strains were characterised using a polyphasic taxonomic approach, including 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, pheS gene sequence analysis, rpoA gene sequence analysis, determination of DNA G+C content, determination of average nucleotide identity, fatty acid methyl ester analysis and an analysis of phenotypic features. The data demonstrated that the fourteen strains represented nine novel species belonging to the genus Lactobacillus, strains 54-2T, 54-5T, 33-7T, 116-2T, 184-8T, 204-8T, 8-1(1)T, 256-3T and M1575T were designated as the type strains. Strain 54-2T was phylogenetically related to the type strains of Lactobacillus composti and Lactobacillus floricola, having 96.5 and 91.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, less than 74.6 % pheS gene sequence similarities, less than 81.6 % rpoA gene sequence similarities and less than 72.5 % ANI values. Strain 54-5T was phylogenetically related to the type strains of Lactobacillus dextrinicus and Lactobacillus concavus, exhibiting 99.1 and 97.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, less than 83.1 % pheS gene sequence similarities, less than 93.1 % rpoA gene sequence similarities and less than 79.9 % ANI values. Strains 33-7T, 116-2T, 184-8T, 204-8T, 8-1(1)T, 256-3T and M1575T were phylogenetically related to the type strains of Lactobacillus tucceti, Lactobacillus nodensis, Lactobacillus insicii, Lactobacillus allii, Lactobacillus metriopterae, Lactobacillus terrae, Lactobacillus versmoldensis and Lactobacillus furfuricola, sharing 95.6-100 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, less than 91.6 % pheS gene sequence similarities, less than 98.2 % rpoA gene sequence similarities and less than 89.4 % ANI values. Based upon the data of polyphasic characterisation obtained in the present study, nine novel species, Lactobacillus yilanensis sp. nov., Lactobacillus bayanensis sp. nov., Lactobacillus keshanensis sp. nov., Lactobacillus kedongensis sp. nov., Lactobacillus baiquanensis sp. nov., Lactobacillus jidongensis sp. nov., Lactobacillus hulinensis sp. nov., Lactobacillus mishanensis sp. nov. and Lactobacillus zhongbaensis sp. nov., are proposed and the type strains are 54-2T (=NCIMB 15154T=CCM 8896T=KCTC 21120T=LMG 31058T), 54-5T (=NCIMB 15151T=CCM 8894T), 33-7T (=NCIMB 15153T=CCM 8936T=KCTC 21118T=LMG 31166T), 116-2T (=NCIMB 15158T=CCM 8899T=KCTC 21124T=LMG 31051T), 184-8T (=NCIMB 15152T=CCM 8895T=KCTC 21131T=LMG 31050T), 204-8T (=NCIMB 15159T=CCM 8900T=KCTC 21133T=LMG 31054T), 8-1(1)T (=NCIMB 15156T=CCM 8898T=KCTC 21115T=LMG 31047T), 256-3T (=NCIMB 15160T=CCM 8901T=LMG 31048T) and M1575T (=NCIMB 15149T=CCM 8892T=LMG 31045T), respectively.
Synergistic effects of polyaniline and pulsed electromagnetic field to stem cells osteogenic differentiation on polyvinylidene fluoride scaffold

Abstract Repairing the lost or damaged mandible is very difficult and time-consuming, so there is a great hope for tissue engineering to accelerate it. At the present study, electrospinning was applied to fabricate polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and PVDF-polyaniline (PANI) composite scaffolds. In addition, extremely low frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) was applied for treating the stem cells derived from dental pulp (DPSCs) when cultured on the nanofibrous scaffolds. Osteoinductive property of the fabricated PVDF, PVDF-PANI scaffold at the presence and absence of the PEMF was investigated by evaluating the common osteogenic differentiation markers in seeded-DPSCs on the scaffold. Results demonstrated that cell attachment, protein adsorption and cells viability were increased when PEMF was applied. In addition, ALP activity, calcium content, osteogenic genes and protein evaluations confirmed that PEMF could significantly increase osteoinductivity of the PVDF while composite with PANI. According to the results, the use of polymers with piezoelectricity and conductivity features plus PEMF exposure has a promising potential to improve the current treatment methods in bone and mandibular defects.
Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of pancreas

Abstract Rationale: About 8384 cases of solid pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPN) of pancreas have been published in English literature, from 1933 to 2018. This is a low-grade tumor that usually occurs in children but is rare in adults and, in exceptional cases, can show extrapancreatic localization. In this paper we present 2 unusual cases of SPNs, 1 with retroperitoneal location (case 1) and 1 that was firstly diagnosed as a G1 neuroendocrine tumor (NET) and showed hepatic metastases after 13 years (case 2). Patient concerns: No symptoms in first case. The tumor was incidentally diagnosed, during ultrasound examination. In the second case, the metastasis was observed during regular follow-up. Diagnoses: The diagnosis was established based on the histological features and immunohistochemical profile that showed positivity for vimentin, nuclear β-catenin, cyclin D1, CD10, and SRY-related high-mobility group box 11 and negativity for maspin. Interventions: Surgical excision, in both cases. Outcomes: No recurrences in first case, at 5 months after diagnosis. Hepatic metastases in the second case, at 13 years after diagnosis, with portal invasion after another 15 months. Lessons: Without a complex immunoprofile, SPN can be misdiagnosed as NET. SPN can be a low-grade tumor but long-time follow-up is mandatory to detect delayed metastases. A correct diagnosis is necessary for a proper therapeutic management.
Ant Colony Optimization Routing Based on Congestion Control in WSNs

Wireless sensor network(WSN) suffer from the problems of congestion,leading to packet loss and excessive energy consumption.This paper propose an improved energy-efficient ant-based routing(IEEABR) algorithm to find optimization path by taking into account the packet queue length of media access control(MAC) layer,which is the degree of congestion information.Simulation results show that IEEABR has several features such as high packet delivery ratio,low overall latency and high throughput,therefore is suitable for WSN routing protocol.
Arsenic Neurotoxicity in Humans

Arsenic (As) contamination affects hundreds of millions of people globally. Although the number of patients with chronic As exposure is large, the symptoms and long-term clinical courses of the patients remain unclear. In addition to reviewing the literature on As contamination and toxicity, we provide useful clinical information on medical care for As-exposed patients. Further, As metabolite pathways, toxicity, speculated toxicity mechanisms, and clinical neurological symptoms are documented. Several mechanisms that seem to play key roles in As-induced neurotoxicity, including oxidative stress, apoptosis, thiamine deficiency, and decreased acetyl cholinesterase activity, are described. The observed neurotoxicity predominantly affects peripheral nerves in sensory fibers, with a lesser effect on motor fibers. A sural nerve biopsy showed the axonal degeneration of peripheral nerves mainly in small myelinated and unmyelinated fibers. Exposure to high concentrations of As causes severe central nervous system impairment in infants, but no or minimal impairment in adults. The exposure dose–response relationship was observed in various organs including neurological systems. The symptoms caused by heavy metal pollution (including As) are often nonspecific. Therefore, in order to recognize patients experiencing health problems caused by As, a multifaceted approach is needed, including not only clinicians, but also specialists from multiple fields.
Acute versus chronic myocardial injury and long-term outcomes

Objective There is a paucity of data regarding prognosis in patients with acute versus chronic myocardial injury for long-term outcomes. We hypothesised that patients with chronic myocardial injury have a similar long-term prognosis as patients with acute myocardial injury. Methods In an observational cohort study of 22 589 patients who had high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) measured in the emergency department during 2011–2014, we identified all patients with level >14 ng/L and categorised them as acute myocardial injury, type 1 myocardial infarction (T1MI), type 2 myocardial infarction (T2MI) or chronic myocardial injury through adjudication. We estimated adjusted HRs with 95% CIs for the primary outcome all-cause mortality and secondary outcomes MI, and heart failure in patients with acute myocardial injury, T1MI and T2MI compared with chronic myocardial injury. Results In total, 3853 patients were included. During 3.9 (±2) years of follow-up, 48%, 24%, 44% and 49% of patients with acute myocardial injury, T1MI, T2MI and chronic myocardial injury died, respectively. Patients with acute myocardial injury had higher adjusted risks of death (1.21, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.36) and heart failure (1.24, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.43), but a similar risk for myocardial infarction (MI) compared with the reference group. Patients with T1MI had a lower adjusted risk of death (0.86, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.00) and higher risk of MI (2.09, 95% CI 1.62 to 2.68), but a similar risk of heart failure. Patients with T2MI had a higher adjusted risk of death (1.46, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.80) and heart failure (1.30, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.69) compared with patients with chronic myocardial injury. Conclusions Absolute long-term risks for death are similar, and adjusted risks are slightly higher, among patients with acute myocardial injury and T2MI, respectively, compared with chronic myocardial injury. The lowest risk of long-term mortality was found in patients with T1MI. Both acute and chronic myocardial injury are associated with very high risks of adverse outcomes.
An important role of podoplanin in hair follicle growth

Podoplanin (PDPN) is a glycoprotein that is expressed by various cell types, including keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and lymphatic endothelial cells. We found that PDPN is expressed in the hair follicle (HF) keratinocyte region and HF stem cell area during the late anagen phase but not during the telogen phase in mice. Importantly, keratinocyte-specific PDPN deletion in mice (K5-Cre;PDPNflox/flox) promoted anagen HF growth after depilation-induced HF regeneration as compared to control mice. RNA sequencing, followed by gene ontology analysis, showed down-regulation of focal adhesion and extracellular matrix interaction pathways in HF stem cells isolated from K5-Cre;PDPNflox/flox mice as compared to control mice. Furthermore, HF keratinocytes isolated from K5-Cre;PDPNflox/flox mice exhibited a decreased ability to interact with collagen type I in cell adhesion assays. Taken together, these results show that PDPN deletion promotes HF cycling, possibly via reduced focal adhesion and concomitantly enhanced migration of HF stem cells towards the bulb region. They also indicate potential new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of conditions associated with hair loss.
Ultrasound-Guided Block of the Axillary Nerve: A Prospective, Randomized, Single-Blind Study Comparing Interfascial and Perivascular Injections.

BACKGROUND The ultrasound-guided block of the axillary nerve may be complicated in cases in which the posterior circumflex humeral artery (PCHA) follows an abnormal course. OBJECTIVES To develop a new technique that does not rely on direct visualization of the PCHA or the axillary nerve, and to compare interfascial injection and conventional perivascular injection for a block of the axillary nerve. STUDY DESIGN A prospective randomized study. SETTING An interventional pain-management practice in a university hospital. METHODS A total of 56 patients received ultrasound-guided block of the axillary nerve with either interfascial injection (IF Group) or perivascular injection with nerve stimulation (PV Group). The primary outcome was procedure duration, defined as the time interval from when the transducer contacted the skin to when the needle was removed from the skin. RESULTS The mean procedure time was significantly shorter in the IF Group than in the PV Group (64 seconds [SD 28.3] vs. 135 seconds [50.3], difference of -71.4 seconds; 95% confidence interval, -93.2 to -49.5) (P < 0.001). There were no differences in secondary outcomes, including the quality of blocks, between the 2 groups. LIMITATIONS The practitioner was not blinded to the group to which the patients belonged. CONCLUSIONS Ultrasound-guided block of the axillary nerve with interfascial injection can be performed without placing the needle near the PCHA. KEY WORDS Block of axillary nerve, ultrasound-guided block, posterior circumflex humeral artery, interfascial injection.
Impact of mother–infant interaction on development during the first year of life: A systematic review

The objectives of this project were to systematically review the impact of mother–infant interaction on the development of infants 12 months or younger and determine factors that mediate this relationship and early development. We systematically reviewed the literature and identified 21 papers which fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria. The majority of the studies found significant association between mother–infant interaction and language, cognition, motor, and social development during the first year of life. Only seven studies assessed motor development and four studies found significant relationship between motor development and mother–infant interaction. Prematurity, infant age, multiples births, maternal anxiety, maternal opioid exposure, history of foster care, and criminal record were the only factors found to mediate the relationship between mother–infant interaction and social, cognitive, and language development. The quality of the interactions between a mother and infant can both positively and negatively influence cognitive, language, and social outcomes during the first year of life. Additional research is needed to determine the influence of mother–infant interaction on motor development. Future research is needed on the efficacy of interventions designed to alter mother–infant interaction with the ultimate goal of achieving positive developmental outcomes during the first year of life.