Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Emotion Analysis of College Students Using a Fuzzy Support Vector Machine

With the rapid development of society, the number of college students in our country is on the rise. College students are under pressure due to challenges from the society, school, and family, but they cannot find a suitable solution. As a result, the psychological problems of college students are diversified and complicated. The mental health problem of college students is becoming more and more serious, which requires urgent attention. This article realizes the monitoring of university mental health by identifying and analyzing the emotions of college students. This article uses EEG to determine the emotional state of college students. First, feature extraction is performed on different rhythm data of EEG, and then a fuzzy support vector machine (FSVM) is used for classification. Finally, a decision fusion mechanism based on the D-S evidence combination theory is used to fuse the classification results and output the final emotion recognition results. The contribution of this research is mainly in three aspects. One is the use of multiple features, which improves the efficiency of data use; the other is the use of a fuzzy support vector machine classifier with higher noise resistance, and the recognition rate of the model is better. The third is that the decision fusion mechanism based on the D-S evidence combination theory takes into account the classification results of each feature, and the classification results assist each other and integrate organically. The experiment compares emotion recognition based on single rhythm, multirhythm combination, and multirhythm fusion. The experimental results fully prove that the proposed emotion recognition method can effectively improve the recognition efficiency. It has a good practical value in the emotion recognition of college students.
Urinay neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a biomarker in different renal problems

Background/aim Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is used previously to estimate the etiology, severity, and clinical outcomes of acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the role of urinary NGAL (uNGAL) in the postrenal setting is not clear. In our study, we aimed to discover the cut-off value of uNGAL that can be used in the differential diagnosis of underlying AKI etiologies. Materials and methods In this prospective cross-sectional study, we examined 82 subjects in four groups: patients that had (1) postrenal AKI; (2) AKI other than postrenal etiologies; (3) stable chronic kidney disease; and (4) healthy subjects. A renal function assessment was carried out by measuring serum creatinine (sCr) and uNGAL at the time of diagnosis [0th min (T0)]. We followed the study group for three months. Results At the time of diagnosis, sCr (T0) was highest in the postrenal AKI and AKI groups in contrast to stable chronic kidney disease patients and healthy subjects (P < 0.001), as expected. T0 median uNGAL was highest in the postrenal group (P < 0.001). Area under curve (AUC) of uNGAL to estimate postrenal AKI presence was 0.957 (95% CI, 0.897–1.000; P < 0.001). The cut-off point of uNGAL was 42.625 ng/mL for this estimation. Conclusion Patients with AKI must be classified according to the underlying etiologies as soon as possible. uNGAL may be useful to estimate the etiologies, and whether the problem is acute or chronic in the course. In postrenal kidney problems, to plan the urgency of the urologic procedures, it is crucial.
Efficacy of patent foramen ovale closure for treating migraine: a prospective follow-up study

This study aims to evaluate the potential of percutaneous patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure to improve the headache in patients with migraine and PFO, and discuss the difference between the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and the single-center studies. Patients of migraine with a large shunt of PFO, who experienced ≥2 headache attacks per month and failed ≥2 categories of standardized medication, underwent PFO closure in First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University. The clinical outcomes, including frequency and duration of headache attacks, Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) score, and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, were evaluated at 3, 6, and 12 months of follow-up after the PFO closure. The different efficacies of the clinical outcomes between patients with and without aura as well as different grades of PFO were also evaluated, respectively. 134 patients with migraine (39 male and 95 female) with PFO were enrolled, whose average age was 39.21±11.37 years. After PFO closure, there was a significant reduction in frequency and duration of headache attacks, HIT-6 score, and VAS score at 3, 6, and 12 months’ follow-up (p<0.001). Migraine was completely relieved in 54 (40.30%) patients during 12 months’ follow-up. The frequency of migraine was reduced by >50% in 44 (32.84%) patients at 3 months’ follow-up and increased to 48 (35.82%) at 12 months’ follow-up. 31.03% patients remained residual shunt after 6 months of closure with varying improvements of headache. This study confirmed that PFO closure can effectively reduce frequency and duration of migraine and improve quality of life, but the definitive indications and long-term effect still need further research.
Baseline Cortical Thickness Reductions in Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: Brain Regions Associated with Conversion to Psychosis Versus Non-Conversion as Assessed at One-Year Follow-Up in the Shanghai-At-Risk-for-Psychosis (SHARP) Study.

OBJECTIVE To assess cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA) of frontal, temporal, and parietal brain regions in a large clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) sample, and to identify cortical brain abnormalities in CHR who convert to psychosis and in the whole CHR sample, compared with the healthy controls (HC). METHODS Magnetic resonance imaging, clinical, and cognitive data were acquired at baseline in 92 HC, 130 non-converters, and 22 converters (conversion assessed at 1-year follow-up). CT and SA at baseline were calculated for frontal, temporal, and parietal subregions. Correlations between regions showing group differences and clinical scores and age were also obtained. RESULTS CT but not SA was significantly reduced in CHR compared with HC. Two patterns of findings emerged: (1) In converters, CT was significantly reduced relative to non-converters and controls in the banks of superior temporal sulcus, Heschl's gyrus, and pars triangularis and (2) CT in the inferior parietal and supramarginal gyrus, and at trend level in the pars opercularis, fusiform, and middle temporal gyri was significantly reduced in all high-risk individuals compared with HC. Additionally, reduced CT correlated significantly with older age in HC and in non-converters but not in converters. CONCLUSIONS These results show for the first time that fronto-temporo-parietal abnormalities characterized all CHR, that is, both converters and non-converters, relative to HC, while CT abnormalities in converters relative to CHR-NC and HC were found in core auditory and language processing regions.
Physical approaches to treat glioblastoma

Purpose of review Glioblastoma (GBM) patients have a poor prognosis despite the use of modern synergistic multimodal treatment strategies, with a progression-free survival estimated at 7–8 months, a median survival of 14–16 months and 5-year overall survival of 9.8%. Recent findings Physical methods hold the promise to act synergistically with classical treatments to improve the outcome of GBM patients. Fluorescent guided surgery with 5-aminolevulinic acid and tumor-treating fields therapy have already shown positive results in randomized phase III trials and have been incorporated in the standard management. Other techniques such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) and focused ultrasound, often combined whit microbubbles, are reaching clinical development. Summary Several clinical trials to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of ultrasound devices to disrupt the blood–brain barrier are ongoing. PDT enables the creation of a safety margin or treatment of non-resecable tumors. However, randomized trials are urgently required to validate the efficacy of these promising approaches. We aim to critically review physical approaches to treat GBM, focusing on available clinical trial data.
Both Amyloid-β Peptide and Tau Protein Are Affected by an Anti-Amyloid-β Antibody Fragment in Elderly 3xTg-AD Mice

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common dementia worldwide. According to the amyloid hypothesis, the early accumulation of the Aβ-peptide triggers tau phosphorylation, synaptic dysfunction, and eventually neuronal death leading to cognitive impairment, as well as behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. ScFv-h3D6 is a single-chain variable fragment that has already shown its ability to diminish the amyloid burden in 5-month-old 3xTg-AD mice. However, tau pathology is not evident at this early stage of the disease in this mouse model. In this study, the effects of scFv-h3D6 on Aβ and tau pathologies have been assessed in 22-month-old 3xTg-AD mice. Briefly, 3xTg-AD female mice were treated for 2 weeks with scFv-h3D6 and compared with 3xTg-AD and non-transgenic (NTg) mice treated with PBS. The treatment with scFv-h3D6 was unequivocally effective in reducing the area of Aβ staining. Furthermore, a tendency for a reduction in tau levels was also observed after treatment that points to the interplay between Aβ and tau pathologies. The pro-inflammatory state observed in the 3xTg-AD mice did not progress after scFv-h3D6 treatment. In addition, the treatment did not alter the levels of apolipoprotein E or apolipoprotein J. Thus, a 2-week treatment with scFv-h3D6 was able to reduce AD-like pathology in elderly 3xTg-AD female mice.
Differences between blacks and whites in well-being, beliefs, emotional states, behaviors and survival, 1978-2014

Objectives Material well-being, beliefs, and emotional states are believed to influence one’s health and longevity. In this paper, we explore racial differences in self-rated health, happiness, trust in others, feeling that society is fair, believing in God, frequency of sexual intercourse, educational attainment, and percent in poverty and their association with mortality. Study designs Age-period-cohort (APC) study. Methods Using data from the 1978–2014 General Social Survey-National Death Index (GSS-NDI), we conducted APC analyses using generalized linear models to quantify the temporal trends of racial differences in our selected measures of well-being, beliefs, and emotional states. We then conducted APC survival analysis using mixed-effects Cox proportional hazard models to quantify the temporal trends of racial differences in survival after removing the effects of racial differences in our selected measures. Results For whites, the decline in happiness was steeper than for blacks despite an increase in high school graduation rates among whites relative to blacks over the entire period, 1978–2010. Self-rated health increased in whites relative to blacks from 1978 through 1989 but underwent a relative decline thereafter. After adjusting for age, sex, period effects, and birth cohort effects, whites, overall, had higher rates of self-rated health (odds ratio [OR] = 1.88; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.63, 2.16), happiness (OR = 2.05; 1.77, 2.36), and high school graduation (OR = 2.88; 2.34, 3.53) compared with blacks. Self-rated health, happiness, and high school graduation also mediated racial differences in survival over time. Conclusions We showed that some racial differences in survival could be partly mitigated by eliminating racial differences in health, happiness, and educational attainment. Future research is needed to analyze longitudinal clusters and identify causal mechanisms by which social, behavioral, and economic interventions can reduce survival differences.
Sterility of gamma-irradiated pathogens: a new mathematical formula to calculate sterilizing doses

Abstract In recent years there has been increasing advocacy for highly immunogenic gamma-irradiated vaccines, several of which are currently in clinical or pre-clinical trials. Importantly, various methods of mathematical modelling and sterility testing are employed to ensure sterility. However, these methods are designed for materials with a low bioburden, such as food and pharmaceuticals. Consequently, current methods may not be reliable or applicable to estimate the irradiation dose required to sterilize microbiological preparations for vaccine purposes, where bioburden is deliberately high. In this study we investigated the applicability of current methods to calculate the sterilizing doses for different microbes. We generated inactivation curves that demonstrate single-hit and multiple-hit kinetics under different irradiation temperatures for high-titre preparations of pathogens with different genomic structures. Our data demonstrate that inactivation of viruses such as Influenza A virus, Zika virus, Semliki Forest virus and Newcastle Disease virus show single-hit kinetics following exposure to gamma-irradiation. In contrast, rotavirus inactivation shows multiple-hit kinetics and the sterilizing dose could not be calculated using current mathematical methods. Similarly, Streptococcus pneumoniae demonstrates multiple-hit kinetics. These variations in killing curves reveal an important gap in current mathematical formulae to determine sterility assurance levels. Here we propose a simple method to calculate the irradiation dose required for a single log10 reduction in bioburden (D10) value and sterilizing doses, incorporating both single- and multiple-hit kinetics, and taking into account the possible existence of a resistance shoulder for some pathogens following exposure to gamma-irradiation.
Xanthomonas euroxanthea sp. nov., a new xanthomonad species including pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains of walnut

We describe a novel species isolated from walnut (Juglans regia) which comprises non-pathogenic and pathogenic strains on walnut. The isolates, obtained from a single ornamental walnut tree showing disease symptoms, grew on yeast extract–dextrose–carbonate agar as mucoid yellow colonies characteristic of Xanthomonas species. Pathogenicity assays showed that while strain CPBF 424T causes disease in walnut, strain CPBF 367 was non-pathogenic on walnut leaves. Biolog GEN III metabolic profiles disclosed some differences between strains CPBF 367 and CPBF 424T and other xanthomonads. Multilocus sequence analysis with seven housekeeping genes (fyuA, gyrB, rpoD, atpD, dnaK, efp, glnA) grouped these strains in a distinct cluster from Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis and closer to Xanthomonas prunicola and Xanthomonas arboricola pv. populi. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis results displayed similarity values below 93 % to X. arboricola strains. Meanwhile ANI and digital DNA–DNA hybridization similarity values were below 89 and 50 % to non-arboricola Xanthomonas strains, respectively, revealing that they do not belong to any previously described Xanthomonas species. Furthermore, the two strains show over 98 % similarity to each other. Genomic analysis shows that strain CPBF 424T harbours a complete type III secretion system and several type III effector proteins, in contrast with strain CPBF 367, shown to be non-pathogenic in plant bioassays. Taking these data altogether, we propose that strains CPBF 367 and CPBF 424T belong to a new species herein named Xanthomonas euroxanthea sp. nov., with CPBF 424T (=LMG 31037T=CCOS 1891T=NCPPB 4675T) as the type strain.
ORAI1 and ORAI2 modulate murine neutrophil calcium signaling, cellular activation, and host defense

Significance Neutrophils are essential for host defense against pathogens. Although calcium signals direct numerous cell functions, the molecular machinery that orchestrates calcium influx into neutrophils is poorly defined. We demonstrate that ORAI1 and ORAI2 are key components of the mouse neutrophil calcium release-activated calcium channel and are essential for neutrophil bactericidal function. We find that neutrophils separate into two populations with distinct regulation of the membrane potential during calcium influx, which influences the magnitude of SOCE and the effect of ORAI isoform deficiency. These findings advance understanding of the mechanics of neutrophil calcium signaling, identify neutrophil subpopulations where the cell-membrane potential modulates the calcium response, and suggest mechanisms that regulate neutrophil function during infection and inflammation. Calcium signals are initiated in immune cells by the process of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), where receptor activation triggers transient calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum, followed by opening of plasma-membrane calcium-release activated calcium (CRAC) channels. ORAI1, ORAI2, and ORAI3 are known to comprise the CRAC channel; however, the contributions of individual isoforms to neutrophil function are not well understood. Here, we show that loss of ORAI1 partially decreases calcium influx, while loss of both ORAI1 and ORAI2 completely abolishes SOCE. In other immune-cell types, loss of ORAI2 enhances SOCE. In contrast, we find that ORAI2-deficient neutrophils display decreased calcium influx, which is correlated with measurable differences in the regulation of neutrophil membrane potential via KCa3.1. Decreased SOCE in ORAI1-, ORAI2-, and ORAI1/2-deficient neutrophils impairs multiple neutrophil functions, including phagocytosis, degranulation, leukotriene, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, rendering ORAI1/2-deficient mice highly susceptible to staphylococcal infection. This study demonstrates that ORAI1 and ORAI2 are the primary components of the neutrophil CRAC channel and identifies subpopulations of neutrophils where cell-membrane potential functions as a rheostat to modulate the SOCE response. These findings have implications for mechanisms that modulate neutrophil function during infection, acute and chronic inflammatory conditions, and cancer.
Evaluation of Traits for the Selection of Apis Mellifera for Resistance against Varroa Destructor

Simple Summary Infestation with the parasitic mite Varroa destructor is a serious cause of bee colony (Apis mellifera) losses on a global level. However, the presence of untreated survivor populations in many different regions indicates that selection for resistance might lead to a long-term solution. The success of selection depends on suitable testing criteria. To be effective, results must show repeatable effects of the individual genotype and correlate with the breeding goal. As colony survival is difficult to measure, selective breeding for Varroa resistance can be based on differences in mite infestation and specific behavioral traits. In this paper we look into different definitions of mite infestation and link these with brood hygiene (pin test), brood recapping and suppressed mite reproduction (SMR). Due to the large dataset (489 colonies) from Austria, Croatia and Germany and four seasons (2016–2019), our study arrogates high representability. Repeatability analysis depicts different infestation parameters, brood hygiene and recapping data as characteristic colony traits while SMR results are very strongly influenced by environmental effects. Brood hygiene and recapping data correlate weakly but significantly with mite infestation. We therefore recommend combining them with estimates of mite population increase and brood infestation for an effective selection on resistance. Abstract Infestation with Varroa destructor is a serious cause of bee colony (Apis mellifera) losses on a global level. However, the presence of untreated survivor populations in many different regions supports the idea that selection for resistance can be successful. As colony survival is difficult or impossible to measure, differences in mite infestation levels and tests for specific behavioral traits are used for selective breeding for Varroa resistance. In this paper we looked into different definitions of mite infestation and linked these with brood hygiene (pin test), brood recapping and suppressed mite reproduction. We based our analyses on datasets of Apis mellifera carnica from three countries: Austria (147 records), Croatia (135) and Germany (207). We concluded that bee infestation in summer, adjusted for the level of natural mite fall in spring, is a suitable trait in the breeding objective, and also suggested including brood infestation rate and the increase rate of bee infestation in summer. Repeatability for bee infestation rate was about 0.55, for cells opened in pin test about 0.33, for recapping 0.35 and for suppressed mite reproduction (SMR) virtually zero. Although in most cases we observed correlations with the expected sign between infestation parameters and behavioral traits, the values were generally low (<0.2) and often not significantly different from zero.
Extended analysis of intratumoral heterogeneity of primary osteosarcoma tissue using 3D-in-vivo-tumor-model.

BACKGROUND Osteosarcomas are a rare, heterogeneous and malignant group of bone tumors that have a high potential for metastasis and aggressive growth patterns. Treatment of metastasized osteosarcoma is often insufficient and research is compromised by problems encountered when culturing cells or analyzing genetic alterations due to the high level of intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity. The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model, a 3D-in-vivo-tumor-model, could potentially facilitate the investigation of osteosarcoma heterogeneity at an individual and highly specified level. OBJECTIVE Objective was to establish the grafting and transplantation of different primary osteosarcoma tissue parts onto several consecutive CAMs for tumor profiling and investigation of osteosarcoma heterogeneity. METHODS Various parts of primary osteosarcoma tissue were grafted onto CAMs and were transplanted onto another CAM for five to seven consecutive times, enabling further experimental analyzes. RESULTS Primary osteosarcoma tissue parts exhibited satisfactory growth patterns and displayed angiogenic development on the CAM. It was possible to graft and transplant different tumor parts several times while the tissue viability was still high and tumor profiling was performed. CONCLUSIONS Primary osteosarcoma tissue grew on several different CAMs for an extended time period and neovascularization of serial transplanted tumor parts was observed, improving the versatility of the 3D-in-vivo-tumor-model.
Predictors of attendance in outpatient group treatment for women with posttraumatic stress disorder and substance use disorder

Abstract Objective: The present study investigated predictors of treatment attendance among 226 women with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorder (SUD). Participants received either an integrated intervention for PTSD and SUD (“Seeking Safety”) or a relapse prevention training (RPT) as part of a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Method: Beta-binomial regression was conducted to investigate baseline sociodemographic, motivational, mental health and substance use predictors of session attendance. Treatment by predictor interactions were included to identify treatment-specific predictors. Results: Session attendance was predicted by employment status, drug use severity and abstinence status. Higher drug use severity and unemployment were associated with less session attendance. The effect of abstinence status was treatment-specific, with abstinent participants in RPT attending most sessions. Conclusions: Considering individual characteristics could enhance session attendance in outpatient treatment for women with PTSD and SUD. This might include matching treatment concepts to abstinence status, the identification of attendance barriers in unemployed women and more intensive treatment settings for those with severe drug use.