Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
- Hydroxybutyrate ( GHB ) in Humans Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics

Despite -hydroxybutyrate (GHB) therapeutic uses and the increasing concern about its toxicity, few studies have addressed GHB dose-related effects under controlled administration and their relationship with its pharmacokinetics. The study design was double-blind, randomized, crossover, and controlled. As a pilot pharmacology phase I study, increasing doses of GHB were given. Single oral sodium GHB doses (40, 50, 60, and 72 mg/kg) were administered to eight volunteers. Plasma and urine were analyzed for GHB by gas chromatography– mass spectrometry. Physiological effects, psychomotor performance, and subjective effects were examined simultaneously. GHB produced doserelated changes in subjective effects as measured by questionnaires and VAS. GHB showed a mixed stimulant-sedative pattern, with initially increased scores in subjective feeling of euphoria, high, and liking followed by mild-moderate symptoms of sedation with impairment of performance and balance. Mean peak GHB plasma concentrations were 79.1, 83.1, 113.5, and 130.1 g/L for 40, 50, 60, and 72 mg/kg, respectively. GHB-mediated physiological and subjective effects were dose dependent and related to GHB plasma concentrations. GHB urinary excretion was mainly related to administered doses. GHB-mediated Address for correspondence: Sergio Abanades, Pharmacology Research Unit, Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Institut Municipal d’Investigació Mèdica (IMIM), c/ Doctor Aiguader 80, 08003 Barcelona, Spain. Voice: +34-93-2211009; fax: +34-93-2213237. e-mail: sabanades@imim.es Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1074: 559–576 (2006). C © 2006 New York Academy of Sciences. doi: 10.1196/annals.1369. 065
The Epistemic and the Zetetic

We are inquirers. Not just qua philosophers but qua humans and even qua animals. We are subjects in pursuit of knowledge, from the mundane to the extraordinary and everything in between. We want to know where our keys are, who will win the next election, when life began, and more. How should we conduct ourselves in inquiry? Which norms should we conform to as we inquire? Let’s call norms of inquiry ‘zetetic’ norms. Here’s a simple and plausible hypothesis: our traditional epistemic norms are zetetic norms. While the zetetic may extended beyond the traditionally epistemic, those traditionally epistemic norms are norms of inquiry. Aren’t they? In this paper I want to make some trouble for this simple and plausible hypothesis. In general, I don’t think that the relationship between the epistemic and the zetetic is at all straightforward. Like many close relationships it looks somewhat fraught, in fact. In particular I’ll argue that traditionally epistemic norms are often in tension and even regularly conflict with some central zetetic norms. Before we get to the main line of argument, here are some cases to warm the reader up to some tension between the epistemic and the zetetic. I think it’s not hard, for example, to imagine cases in which resolving our inquiry demands we
An innovative micromechanics-based three-dimensional long-term strength criterion for fracture assessment of rock materials

Rocks may exhibit time-dependent behaviors. Long-term strength criterion significantly dominates creep failure of rocks. Rocks contain many microcracks, which lead to degrade of long-term strength. In this paper, it is assumed that there exist three-dimensional penny-shaped microcracks in rocks. The mode II stress intensity factors at tips of three-dimensional penny-shaped microcracks in Burgers viscoelastic rock matrix is derived. A novel micromechanics-based three-dimensional long-term strength criterion is established to consider the effects of time and the intermediate principal stress on creep failure of rocks. By comparison with the previous experimental data, it is found that the novel micromechanics-based three-dimensional long-term strength criterion is in good agreement with the experimental data.
Development Model of Professionalism Guidance and Counseling Teacher

Developing professionalism teacher today prefer to conventional and suspected that there’s not really effective yet, such as inappropriate training toward individual necessary by the teacher, teacher teamwork activity limited themself for attending and do something else. The aims of this study to (1) analyzing the necessary of developing professionalism teacher, (2) improving the design of professionalism teacher based on Self-regulated learning, (3) Testing the properness of the developing professionalism teacher based on Self-regulated learning. The study was R&D (Research and Development). This study consist of four stages: literature study, preface study, development and evaluation stage. The result of this research showed that the necessary of developing professionalism teacher absolutely high. The design model development was improved by Self-regulated learning model, the properness of Self-regulated learning model was tested by the experts who declared that Self-regulated learning appropriate to be experimented. The benefits of this research as the study of science in guidance and counseling, in addition widen more knowledge about the appropriate development model.
Overeating and time-preference - Why consume towards overweight?

There are many theories of time preference that are relevant for the problem of overweight. The DU-model explains how declining utility profiles can be consistent with an individual’s preferences. Such profiles are achieved through overeating and overweight. Through applying overweightness on Becker and Mulligan’s model (1997) with endogenous time preferences, possible directions of causality are investigated. It is concluded that overweight may well cause low discount factors. When considering state-specific discount rates, the possible directions are many and contradictive. The problems many people face with getting started with a diet is explained through a model which includes anticipation of outcomes. It is suggested that the utility an individual derives from anticipating future outcomes may be crucial for starting a diet. Lack of self-control is a frequently stated reason for over-eating. Discount functions that are hyperbolic or differ across goods cause inconsistent time-preference which make people reverse their choices and give in to temptations. Thus, people who continue to overeat although they find that the costs are too high may well have hyperbolic discount functions or different discount rates for different goods. The affect of promptly available food items is predicted to be harmful for hyperbolic individuals. Finally, framing outcomes within sequences reveal preferences that overshadow the effect of discounting. It is found that preference for improving sequences and deterrence of declining sequences may help people with self-control problems. Several approaches to investigating these conclusions empirically are presented in the essay.
The complexity of children’s involvement in school bullying

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the complexity of children’s involvement in school bullying from the child’s perspective. Design/methodology/approach A Foucauldian perspective provides a more nuanced approach than traditional understandings for examining the fluidity of power which involves “grey” areas; struggles between pupils, and pupils and teachers; and takes into account systemic factors. Data are drawn from observations, focus groups and individual interviews with children aged 10-16. Findings Children explained how pupils, teachers and inequalities inherent in school contributed to their involvement. Children felt coerced into reinforcing societal inequalities whereby the “vulnerable” were susceptible to victimisation and pupils can achieve status through bullying. Several working-class males who had learning difficulties felt “picked on” by their peers and teachers, and subsequently retaliated aggressively. Research limitations/implications Findings from this relatively small sample provide insight into children’s unique experiences and how they are produced within wider systems of knowledge which differ from traditionally accepted discourses. Practical implications Pupils should have an input into the development and implementation of institutional strategies to tackle bullying. Social implications Traditional ways of identifying “bullies” can be used to target those already marginalised whilst more sophisticated bullying is usually accepted and approved. Originality/value The complexity, fluidity and multi-faceted nature of children’s involvement is highlighted. Children discussed the maltreatment they experienced from pupils and teachers but did not realise how they may have subjected them to bullying.
Direct vs. Indirect Impact of Fuel Price on Wages in South Africa

The international oil price has been increasing significantly, but consumers react more to the announcement of the increase in fuel (pump) price, than an increase in international oil prices. This study, therefore, investigates the direct effect of fuel prices on the inflation rate and wages in South Africa, on the one hand, and the domestic price pass-through from fuel prices to wages (indirect effect) on the other. The impulse-response function of the vector autoregressive (VAR) technique was used to examine the direct effects of fuel prices on the inflation rate and wages, as well as the indirect effect from fuel prices to wages in South Africa. Quarterly data from 2001Q1 to 2018Q2 were utilised. The empirical results showed that inflation and wages responded positively to the shock in the fuel price. The results indicated that although wages increased because of a shock in the inflation rate—depicting the pass-through from the fuel price—the direct impact of the fuel price on wages is more significant. This study departs from the usual studies that examine the exchange rate pass-through of international oil prices to the inflation rate. The conclusion drawn was that the pass-through effect was not as strong and did not contribute as much as the direct effect of the fuel price. Therefore, the indirect shock of fuel prices, via inflation, does not so much cause an increase in wages as its direct shock. The study concludes with policy recommendations.
Dyslipidemia in childhood and adolescence: from screening to management.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize types of dyslipidemia frequently encountered during childhood and adolescence, with a focus on screening, diagnosis, and management. RECENT FINDINGS It is important that screening for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) begin in childhood. Genetic testing allows for increased awareness of dyslipidemia and more targeted intervention. Pharmacologic treatment of pediatric dyslipidemias has a good safety profile and can reduce adult ASCVD risk. SUMMARY Much of what is known about pediatric dyslipidemia has been extrapolated from adult data, but recently, there have been increasing investigations within the pediatric population to better guide diagnosis and management of these disorders.
The lived experience of a contemporary creative identification

Recent academic writing on the creative and cultural industries has conferred a new importance on creativity and, by extension, drawn attention to the different ways in which it has been theorised. This chapter discusses the multiple meanings and associations which creativity carries for workers themselves, based on findings from recent research with current and former art college students in London, one of the cities identified as a 'creative hub' in the international upsurge of activity associated with the contemporary creative industries. The chapter discusses the conceptions of creativity which are invoked in accounts of the sector of the cultural and creative industries. These are compared to discussions of creativity in other academic traditions, including different areas of psychology. The chapter briefly introduces the empirical research and outlines how creativity is conceptualized in the narrative-discursive approach adopted in the research. It then sets out some of the meanings around creativity which the research revealed to be play for contemporary creative workers, and discusses the implications of these meanings for the workers’ lived experience.
Ship Identification for Port Security using Faster Region Convolution Neural Network

Research on Ship identification has increasingly become very important in port security and marine traffic control. This is because of port’s evolution process towards automation and in addressing the security challenges like the piracy. In this research we focus on the application of Faster Region convolution neural network (Faster R-CNN) method for identifying various classes of ship images.
Aquaculture planning : policy formulation and implementation for sustainable development

As the aquaculture sector grows worldwide, appropriate planning is becoming fundamental to sustain its growth and contribution to poverty alleviation and economic development. This document acts as a guide for policy-makers and those involved at all levels of planning to assist them in the formulation and implementation of sound aquaculture policies. It clearly defines what constitutes a policy, a strategy and a plan, and sets aquaculture development in the broader agendas of international development and good governance. It proposes practical steps to improve aquaculture policy formulation processes and instruments to support the implementation of policies, and suggests means for overcoming human, institutional and financial constraints to their implementation. This paper will provide valuable and practical information and guidance to aquaculture planners, in their efforts to develop, review or implement aquaculture policies for the sustainable development of the sector.
A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry in the atmosphere and snow

It was discovered in 1995 that, during the spring time, unexpectedly low concentrations of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) occurred in the Arctic air. This was surprising for a pollutant known to have a long residence time in the atmosphere; however conditions appeared to exist in the Arctic that promoted this depletion of mercury (Hg). This phenomenon is termed atmospheric mercury depletion events (AMDEs) and its discovery has revolutionized our understanding of the cycling of Hg in Polar Regions while stimulating a significant amount of research to understand its impact to this fragile ecosystem. Shortly after the discovery was made in Canada, AMDEs were confirmed to occur throughout the Arctic, sub-Artic and Antarctic coasts. It is now known that, through a series of photochemically initiated reactions involving halogens, GEM is converted to a more reactive species and is subsequently associated to particles in the air and/or deposited to the polar environment. AMDEs are a means by which Hg is transferred from the atmosphere to the environment that was previously unknown. In this article we review Hg research taken place in Polar Regions pertaining to AMDEs, the methods used to collect Hg in different environmental media, research results of the current understanding of AMDEs from field, laboratory and modeling work, how Hg cycles around the environment after AMDEs, gaps in our current knowledge and the future impacts that AMDEs may have on polar environments. The research presented has shown that while considerable improvements in methodology to measure Hg have been made but the main limitation remains knowing the speciation of Hg in the various media. The processes that drive AMDEs and how they occur are discussed. As well, the role that the snow pack and the sea ice play in the cycling of Hg is presented. It has been found that deposition of Hg from AMDEs occurs at marine coasts and not far inland and that a fraction of the deposited Hg does not remain in the same form in the snow. Kinetic studies undertaken have demonstrated that bromine is the major oxidant depleting Hg in the atmosphere. Modeling results demonstrate that there is a significant deposition of Hg to Polar Regions as a result of AMDEs. Models have also shown that Hg is readily transported to the Arctic from source regions, at times during springtime when this environment is actively transforming Hg from the atmosphere to the snow and ice surfaces. The presence of significant amounts of methyl Hg in snow in the Arctic surrounding AMDEs is important because this species is the link between the environment and impacts to wildlife and humans. Further, much work on methylation and demethylation processes has occurred but these processes are not yet fully understood. Recent changes in the climate and sea ice cover in Polar Regions are likely to have strong effects on the cycling of Hg in this environment; however more research is needed to understand Hg processes in order to formulate meaningful predictions of these changes.
EFFECT OF FRAUD RISK MANAGEMENT ON ORGANIZATION PERFORMANCE: A CASE OF DEPOSIT-TAKING MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS IN KENYA

Organizations have come to recognize the importance of managing all risks and their interactions, not just the familiar risks or the ones that are easy to quantify. However, the problem of today’s managers in the financial institutions is competition and dynamism of environment and unknowns outside and inside of the organization each affecting the planning especially strategic ones. In the process of making the operation and realization of the goals to be effective, organization are prone to risk leading to stagnant achievement of the targeted objective. This enhanced attention of the manager on the ways of controlling fraud risk within their organization in all level of the organization by formulating and implementing fraud risk management strategies. This study sought to investigate effect of fraud risk management on organization performance with focus to deposit-taking micro finance institutions in Kenya. The study was guided by the following specific objectives, that is, anti-fraud policies, corporate governance practices, fraud detection mechanisms and systems of internal controls and their effect on performance of deposit-taking microfinance institutions in Kenya. The target population of this study was all deposit-taking microfinance institutions in Kenya. The study adopted stratified sampling with the sample been drawn from the senior management, middle management and lower management staff of the head office branches of the 8 deposit-taking microfinance institutions. The study used both primary data and secondary data. Secondary data accessed from the CBK (2012) report while a semi-structured questionnaire was used for collecting primary data from the respondents. Both qualitative and quantitative analysis was carried out.
February 2001 Crisis in Turkey: Causes and Consequences

Turkey has suffered from different economic crises since 1990. However, the February 2001 crisis has been unprecedented in intensity and repercussions. Although many factors, both internal and external, may have contributed to their occurrences, the former owing to their inducing corruption and waste in the economy, seem to have fomented them more than the latter. Although Turkey has been getting transformed into a market economy since 1980, government intervention is still pervasive in its economy. Government still controls Central Bank, owns commercial banks, and operates public enterprises. It has liberalised market, currency, foreign trade and foreign direct investment (FDI), but still operates sectors like energy, sugar and tobacco. Such a level of state intervention had adverse implications for corruption, waste, effective reforms, etc. in the country. Further, since the transformation of the economy could not be accompanied by concomitant structural, legal and institutional reforms in 1990s, resources have constantly been misused over the years. Further still, groups owning bank, media and holding companies jointly have notoriously precipitated domestic financial crisis by stashing away the home deposits in their offshore branches. Finally, supporting agriculture and industry with politically-motivated credit for voting purposes has constantly been aggravating the drain of resources and thereby financial crises of the country. This paper attempts a critical examination of how such factors may have contributed to the occurrence and accentuation of economic crises suffered by Turkey over the last decade.
PHARMACOGNOSTIC AND PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF CURCUMA AERUGINOSA ROXB

Cucurma is a tropical genus comprising of 120 species of rhizomatous herbs. They are used both as spices and medicines. Curcuma aeruginosa, is commonly known as ‘kali haldi’. The rhizome of plant is used medicinally to treat asthma and cough, scurvy, mental derangements, and dysentery. It also possesses bioactive components like curcuminoids which are responsible for anti-inflammatory properties, wound healing, hypoglycemia, anticoagulant and antimicrobial activities. In the pharmacognostic study, leaves are seen with paracytic stomata and trichome with oil cavities. Rhizome also has starch grains and spiral, pitted and scalariform xylary elements. In rhizomes, phytoconstituents like mucilage, lignin, starch, alkaloids, tannins, calcium oxalate crystals and saponins are identified. The present study will be useful towards establishing pharmacognostic standards on identification, purity, quality and classification of plants, which are gaining relevance in plant drug research.
Title A lipopolysaccharide from pantoea agglomerans is a promising adjuvant for sublingual vaccines to induce systemic and mucosal immune responses in Mice via TLR 4 pathway

A lipopolysaccharide from Pantoea agglomerans (LPSpa) has been applied to various fields for human use as a Toll-like receptor 4 ligand and its safety has been confirmed. Here, we showed for the first time the application of LPSpa as an effective mucosal adjuvant for activating vaccine-induced antigen specific immune responses. Mice sublingually immunized with influenza vaccine (HA split vaccine) with LPSpa induced both HA-specific IgG (systemic) and IgA (mucosal) antibody responses, which led to a significant increase in survival rate against lethal influenza virus challenge compared with subcutaneous vaccination. After sublingual administration of ovalbumin with LPSpa, ovalbumin-specific mucosal IgA responses were induced at both mucosal surfaces close to the immunized site and at remote mucosal surfaces. Sublingual administration of LPSpa evoked local antigen-uptake by dendritic cells in cervical lymph nodes. LPSpa induced cytokine production and the maturation and proliferation of innate immune cells via Toll-like receptor 4 in dendritic cells. Collectively, these results suggest that LPSpa can be used as an effective mucosal adjuvant to stimulate and activate local innate immune cells to improve and enhance mucosal vaccine potency against various pathogens. PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone. 0126849 May 15, 2015 1 / 15 OPEN ACCESS Citation: Fukasaka M, Asari D, Kiyotoh E, Okazaki A, Gomi Y, Tanimoto T, et al. (2015) A Lipopolysaccharide from Pantoea Agglomerans Is a Promising Adjuvant for Sublingual Vaccines to Induce Systemic and Mucosal Immune Responses in Mice via TLR4 Pathway. PLoS ONE 10(5): e0126849. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0126849 Academic Editor: John S Tregoning, Imperial College London, UNITED KINGDOM Received: December 2, 2014 Accepted: April 8, 2015 Published: May 15, 2015 Copyright: © 2015 Fukasaka et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability Statement: All relevant data are within the paper. Funding: Nitto Denko Corporation provided support in the form of salaries for authors MF, DA, EK, AO, and MH, but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the author contributions section.