Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validity of the Arnadóttir OT-ADL Neurobehavioral Evaluation (A-ONE): performance in activities of daily living and neurobehavioral impairments of persons with left and right hemisphere damage.

OBJECTIVE The Arnadóttir OT-ADL Neurobehavioral Evaluation (A-ONE) is a standardized assessment that links performance in activities of daily living (ADL) to neurobehavioral impairments. This study tested the construct validity of the A-ONE. METHOD From two hospitals in Iceland, 42 patients between 45 and 87 years of age who had sustained either a right or a left cerebrovascular accident (CVA) were evaluated on the Functional Independence Scale (FIS) and Neurobehavioral Specific Impairment Subscale (NSIS) of the A-ONE. The Mann Whitney Utest and chi-square test were used to explore possible differences between the performance of participants with left and right CVA. Descriptive statistics were calculated for demographic data and for items on the FIS and NSIS. The level of significance was set at p < . 05. RESULTS Three of 18 ADL items observed on the FIS and 13 of 46 items on the NSIS discriminated at a statistically significant level between the left and right CVA groups. CONCLUSION The results provide minimal support for the construct validity of the A-ONE related to differentiating between ADL performance of persons with left and right CVA. However, results regarding the ability of the A-ONE to detect and lateralize impairments agreed with literature regarding lesion sites for the impairments.
Schizoaffective disorder: diagnostic issues and future recommendations.

OBJECTIVE Difficulties surrounding the classification of mixed psychotic and affective syndromes continue to plague psychiatric nosology. This paper addresses the controversy regarding the diagnostic validity of schizoaffective disorder (SAD), a diagnosis that is used in both DSM-IV and ICD-10 and one that encroaches on both schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). METHODS A systematic synthesis of clinical and empirical literature, including evidence from cognitive, neurobiological, genetic, and epidemiological research, was undertaken with the aim of evaluating the utility of the SAD classification. RESULTS Distinctions between the diagnostic categories of SCZ, SAD and BD are not clearly demarcated by findings from neuropsychological, neuroimaging, molecular neurobiology, or genetic epidemiology studies. On the contrary, convergent evidence purports overlap across current diagnostic boundaries in the heritability and pathophysiology of psychotic and affective disorders. However, there are some disorder-specific findings. CONCLUSIONS Schizoaffective disorder is a prototypic boundary condition that epitomizes the pitfalls of the current categorical classification system. Future revisions to the DSM should consider the implementation of one of two alternative models to account for individuals presenting with mixed psychotic and affective symptoms. These include the views that (i) SAD is a comorbid set of symptoms that occur as a by-product of two separate disorders (SCZ and BD) or, that (ii) SAD exists as the mid-point on a continuum between SCZ and BD, such that the incorporation of these two disorders onto one dimension may be a suitable alternative. Hence the category SAD should be omitted in future revisions of DSM, allowing the development of meaningful nomenclature that rests upon further rigorous investigation of differences and similarities between disorders.
Implicaciones de la utilización de las guías de mayor impacto internacional (NOGG y NOF) como de otras guías (internacionales, nacionales y locales) en la eficiencia diagnóstica y terapéutica de la osteoporosis en el Área de Salud de León

El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la actitud diagnostica y terapeutica para la osteoporosis en la practica clinica habitual en el Area de Salud de Leon y como esta se afectaria con la aplicacion de las guias NOGG y NOF, y la calibracion FRIDEX. Material y metodos: Estudio transversal realizado en individuos remitidos a una unidad densitometrica que no recibian tratamiento antirresortivo. El riesgo absoluto de presentar una fractura mayor o de cadera se calculo mediante la formula FRAX® britanica y espanola. Se comparo la actitud de la practica clinica habitual con los umbrales de intervencion diagnostica y terapeutica de las guias NOGG, NOF y calibracion FRIDEX. Para la concordancia entre guias se utilizo el indice Kappa. Resultados: Se incluyeron 640 individuos de los cuales el 95% fueron mujeres, con una mediana de edad de 59,4 (RIQ=14) anos. La aplicacion de la guia NOGG resultaria en la realizacion de DMO en el 32,3% de los individuos mientras el porcentaje aumentaria a 35,4% con la calibracion FRIDEX y a 75,6% con la guia NOF (p<0,05). El 31,7% de los sujetos analizados recibio tratamiento farmacologico para la osteoporosis. El principal tipo de tratamiento fueron los bisfosfonatos (71,9%). Al aplicar los criterios de la guia NOGG, el tratamiento estaria recomendado en el 22,7% mientras que este porcentaje aumentaria a 27,7% con la calibracion FRIDEX y a 42,2% con la NOF. La concordancia terapeutica, expresada como el indice kappa, fue baja: 0,25 (IC 95% 0,17-0,34), 0,49 (IC 95% 0,42-0,55), 0,39 (IC 95% 0,31-0,47) con la NOGG, NOF y calibracion FRIDEX respectivamente. Conclusiones: Existe una heterogeneidad importante en el abordaje diagnostico y terapeutico de la osteoporosis en el Area de Salud de Leon. La eleccion de guia clinica presenta un gran impacto en la proporcion y seleccion de individuos a los que se les recomienda una DMO o tratamiento.
Integrating small Unmanned Air-Craft Systems (sUAS) into Meteorology and Atmospheric Science: Challenges and Opportunities for GIScience

Small unmanned aircraft (or aerial) systems (sUAS) are poised to revolutionize geospatial data collection for meteorology and atmospheric science, particularly within the lowest portion of the atmosphere, referred to as the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), where conventional data collection techniques such as satellites, balloons and ground-based weather towers do not provide adequate coverage for monitoring certain types of weather events. The prospects of these autonomous mobile sensing platforms for geospatial data collection in the atmospheric realm are immense, but there has been limited discourse on the broader GIScience-related research challenges and opportunities surrounding data capture and analysis for this field beyond traditional imagery applications. Here, we address the integration of sUAS into meteorology and atmospheric science applications, including severe weather monitoring, from the perspective of the myriad GIScience research challenges and opportunities that exist for collecting and processing alternative types of non-image geospatial data from sUAS. Specifically, we highlight opportunities surrounding data capture and processing, data representations, and societal implications stemming from these applications.
Experimental Evaluation of Academic Collaboration Recommendation Using Factorial Design

Recommender systems have been very used in e-commerce and online social networks. Among various challenges to construct such systems, how to parameterize them and their evaluations are two vaguely explored issues. Generally, each recommendation strategy has parameters and factors that can be varied. In this article, we propose to evaluate the impact of key parameters of two state-of-the-art functions that recommend academic collaborations. Our experimental results show that the factors affect recall, novelty, diversity and coverage of the recommendations in different ways. Finally, such evaluation shows the importance of studying the impact of the factors and factor interactions in the academic collaboration recommendations context.
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF AN EARLY LIFE-HISTORY STAGE: SELECTION ON SIZE OF HATCHLING TURTLES

Life-history evolution in short-lived organisms has been investigated exten- sively, but little is known empirically about the causes of the different life-history strategies of long-lived organisms. To explore this issue, we conducted experiments to evaluate natural selection acting on key traits during an important life-history stage of the red-eared slider turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans). We reared eggs from 56 females in a seminatural com- mon environment and released 356 of the resulting hatchlings in four replicates at a natural nesting area to assess offspring recapture probability as a measure of survivorship during the post-emergence migration. Larger body size of hatchling turtles was strongly favored by natural selection overall (' = 0.346, P < 0.001) and in each replicate. Although selection on body size was positive in all analyses, the form of selection varied depending on the inclusion of nonrecaptured presumed dead individuals in the statistical analyses. This result indicates that such analytical tools are sensitive to the common assumption in many mark- recapture studies that nonrecaptured individuals have no fitness (i.e., W = 0). The most likely explanation for the size-dependent recapture probabilities is differential mortality, because body size at release for survivors was significantly larger than body size at release for hatchlings found dead. This pattern of survivorship appeared to result from size-de- pendent predation. We suggest that the benefit of larger body size for hatchling turtles may reside in improved locomotor performance that reduces the duration of exposure of larger individuals to predation. This hypothesis is supported by significant negative correlations between measures of body size and time elapsed between release and recapture.
Human Affect Recognition System based on Survey of Recent Approaches

In recent years, the analysis of human affective behavior has been a point of attraction for many researchers. Such automatic analysis is useful in various fields such as psychology, computer science, linguistics, neuroscience etc. Such affective computing is responsible for developing standard systems and devices, useful for recognition and interpretation of various human faces and gestures. The emotions are categories as anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise. Such emotion recognition system involves three main steps: face detection, feature extraction and facial expression classification. Hence, there is a need for standard approaches that solve the problem of machines understanding the human affect behavior. This survey paper presents some recent approaches that recognize the human affective behavior, with their advantages and limitations. This paper also presents some basic classifiers such as SVM, ANN, KNN and HMM, used for emotion classification and audiovisual databases with their emotion categories. Based on the survey, an affect recognition system has been proposed that adopts a cognitive semi-supervised approach.
Population cycles in voles and lemmings: state of the science and future directions

Although periodic outbreaks in rodent numbers have been observed throughout recorded history, Elton (1924) was the first to scrutinise the phenomenon of multiannual population fluctuations scientifically. In this exceptionally insightful paper, Elton (1924) not only synthesised information on cyclic fluctuations in abundance of many animal species, but also extensively explored causes and consequences of population cycles with a particular focus on lemmings and voles. He suggested that the causes of population cycles in lemmings ‘lie either with the lemmings themselves or with their environment’, but that the cause of periodicity must ‘lie with the environment’, in light of the spatial synchrony in lemming cycles. A careful reading of his paper reveals that Elton envisioned many of the modern ideas in animal ecology, including the concept of population regulation, prey switching, trophic interactions and cascades, and climatic forcing. In essence, Elton’s (1924, 1942) work on population cycles laid the foundation of REVIEW
DERIVATION OF FIBROBLASTS IN THE HEALING WOUND.

Understanding of the biochemistry of fibrogenesis in wound repair has increased steadily. Recent advances in knowledge of this process have been reviewed by Grillo,21Harkness,24and Jackson,31among others. Correspondingly little increment had occurred in comprehension of the mechanisms of cellular stimulation prior to beginning of fibrogenesis or of regulation of proliferation and productivity of cells thereafter. Recently there has been renewed interest in an early phase of this problem—the question of site of origin of fibroblasts in wound repair. New contributions are reviewed against the background of the ancient and continuing controversy over histogenous against vascular derivation of fibroblasts. Origins of Controversy Virchow's belief in the immutable lineage of cells found expression in the assertions by Marchand 38 and Aschoff 4 on histologic grounds that fibroblasts in wound healing were derived from the connective tissues of the wound. Maximow, however, studying fixed sections of inflammatory exudate
A controlled trial of a school‐based Internet program for reducing depressive symptoms in adolescent girls

Background: This study evaluates the benefits of a self‐directed Internet intervention for depression (MoodGYM) delivered as a part of the high school curriculum. Method: One hundred and fifty‐seven girls, aged 15 and 16 years, were allocated to undertake either MoodGYM or their usual curriculum. MoodGYM's impact on depressive symptoms, risk of depression, attributional style, depression literacy and attitudes toward depression was examined using random effect regression. Results: MoodGYM produced a significantly faster rate of decline in depressive symptoms over the trial period than the control condition. The effect size for MoodGYM was not significant immediately after the intervention (Cohen's d=.19, 95% CI −.18–.56) but was moderate and significant 20 weeks after the intervention (d=.46, 95% CI .10–.82). Girls with high depression scores before intervention showed the strongest benefits on self‐reported depression at follow‐up (d=.92, 95% CI .10–1.38). There were no significant intervention effects on depression status, attributional style, depression literacy, and attitudes. Approximately 70% of girls in the MoodGYM group completed less than three of its modules and completion of fewer modules was related to high depression score before intervention. Conclusions: The findings suggest that there are benefits from MoodGYM on self‐reported depressive symptoms but has low rates of completion highlight problems in ensuring adherence to Internet programs for depression. Depression and Anxiety, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A robust decentralised strategy for multi-task control of unmanned aerial systems. Application on underactuated aerial manipulator

These days we demand Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) fly autonomously and be able to physically interact with their environment executing prescribed tasks. An excellent example of that are the Aerial Manipulators (AMs) i.e. UASs formed by the join of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and a Robot Manipulator (RM). Moreover, the lack of structured workspaces in outdoor operations is challenging for the control system, forcing to increase notably its complexity to meet such requirements but keeping in mind the trade-off between the task performance and computational burden. In this work, a nonlinear control strategy is proposed and thoroughly tested on an AM. The strategy combines the use of robust controllers separately for both UAV and RM exploiting their stability margins to optimise different prescribed criteria in real time. The inclusion of this optimisation in the loop shows excellent results, sharing priorities of the controllers as required. Following this idea, two different strategies have been tested in a benchmark system showing promising results and, furthermore, feasible for a subsequent implementation in the available platform.
Bacterial Biofilm Control by Perturbation of Bacterial Signaling Processes

The development of effective strategies to combat biofilm infections by means of either mechanical or chemical approaches could dramatically change today’s treatment procedures for the benefit of thousands of patients. Remarkably, considering the increased focus on biofilms in general, there has still not been invented and/or developed any simple, efficient and reliable methods with which to “chemically” eradicate biofilm infections. This underlines the resilience of infective agents present as biofilms and it further emphasizes the insufficiency of today’s approaches used to combat chronic infections. A potential method for biofilm dismantling is chemical interception of regulatory processes that are specifically involved in the biofilm mode of life. In particular, bacterial cell to cell signaling called “Quorum Sensing” together with intracellular signaling by bis-(3′-5′)-cyclic-dimeric guanosine monophosphate (cyclic-di-GMP) have gained a lot of attention over the last two decades. More recently, regulatory processes governed by two component regulatory systems and small non-coding RNAs have been increasingly investigated. Here, we review novel findings and potentials of using small molecules to target and modulate these regulatory processes in the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa to decrease its pathogenic potential.
Vergleichende Analyse endoskopischer und chirurgischer Therapieansätze bei Gallenwegsläsionen nach Cholecystektomie

Diese retrospektive, klinische Studie analysiert den Langzeitverlauf bei Patienten mit Gallengangslasionen nach offener und laparoskopischer Cholecystektomie. Beurteilt wird die Effektivitat der endoskopischen und chirurgischen Therapie bezogen auf die einzelnen Subtypen der Gallengangslasion (Klassifikation nach Siewert). Rekrutiert und ausgewertet wurden 101 Patienten aufgrund ihrer Patientenunterlagen und anschliesendem Telefoninterview. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die endoskopische Therapie bei peripheren Gallefisteln und Stenosen des Ductus hepatocholedochus Mittel der Wahl ist. Bei tangentiellen Verletzungen oder glatten Durchtrennungen des Ductus hepatocholedochus sowie bei Lasionen mit Substanzdefekt ist meist eine chirurgische Sanierung indiziert.
How stable is the motive-alcohol use link? A cross-national validation of the Drinking Motives Questionnaire Revised among adolescents from Switzerland, Canada, and the United States.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate cross-national differences (1) in the four-dimensional factor structure of drinking motives; (2) in the mean levels of enhancement, coping, social, and conformity motives; and (3) in the association of these motives with adolescent alcohol use, risky single-occasion drinking, and alcohol-related problems. METHOD Confirmatory factor analysis, analysis of variance, and structural equation modeling were applied to sample data from Switzerland (n=5,118; mean age=15.3), Canada (n=2,557; mean age=15.7), and the United States (n=607; mean age=15.7). RESULTS The results showed that the four-dimensional factor structure of the Drinking Motives Questionnaire Revised (DMQ-R) was structurally invariant across the three countries. Although the rank order in mean levels of motive endorsement was the same across countries (i.e., highest for social, followed by enhancement, coping, and conformity), the absolute levels of endorsement were highest in the Canadian sample, followed by the Swiss and then the U.S. sample. In all three countries, enhancement and coping motives were positively related to alcohol use and to risky drinking in particular, and coping motives were additionally related to alcohol-related problems. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that the DMQ-R is a valid and reliable instrument to assess drinking motives across cultures. It appears therefore that the DMQ-R is an ideal instrument for inclusion in large cross-national surveys and that programs that target motives as a way to reduce risky drinking may be appropriate for different drinking cultures in different geographical locations.
Isolation of a Rhodobacter capsulatus bioB mutant and cloning of the bioB gene

We isolated a Tn5 insertion mutant of Rhodobacter capsulatus which requires biotin for growth. Crossfeeding studies with Escherichia coli bio mutants indicated that the insertion is in the bioB gene. A cosmid that complements the bioB insertion was isolated, and the bioB gene was localized to a 2.85-kilobase EcoRI-PstI fragment.
Compliance of pediatric and adolescent cancer patients

Compliance with self‐administered therapy in pediatric and adolescent patients is not always complete. Noncompliance may result in erroneous conclusions about the efficacy of a given therapy and lead to unnecessary tests and alteration of treatment regimens. To examine the causes of noncompliance, 46 cancer patients aged 2.5 to 23 years (mean age, 6.85 years) and 40 parents were extensively interviewed at 2 weeks, 20 weeks, and 50 weeks post‐diagnosis. The results of self‐reported compliance were corroborated by serum bioassay of the prescribed medications. A significant correlation between the age of patient and compliance with chemotherapeutic agents and nonchemotherapeutic medications was found (P < 0.05 and P < 0.02, respectively), with adolescent patients being compliant less often. Over the course of therapy, compliance among patients decreased, but not significantly. A significant negative correlation was found between compliance and the number of children in the family. Compilers and noncompliers did differ significantly in how well they understood instructions concerning how to take their medication (P = 0.04). No significant correlations between compliance and stage of the disease, number or type of drugs used, complexity of the regimen, degree of satisfaction with information given to the patient, understanding of disease, treatment, or belief in medication efficacy were found. The main reasons given for noncompliance were forgetfulness, busy schedules, and nonavailability of medication. More compilers than noncompliers were in agreement with their parents regarding who was responsible for the administration of the medication. Compliance is a complex and multifaceted issue which interrelates with a large number of medical and social factors. Cancer 58:1179‐1184, 1986.
Providing hepatitis B vaccination to injection drug users: referral to health clinics vs on-site vaccination at a syringe exchange program.

Injection drug users (IDUs) are at very high risk for infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) through multiperson use of injection equipment and through unprotected sexual contact. Although a safe and efficacious vaccine exists for hepatitis B, there are multiple problems in vaccinating IDUs in the United States, including (1) discrimination against drug users by health care providers, (2) the need to reach IDUs before they are exposed to HBV, (3) paying for the vaccinations, and (4) difficulties in completing the 3-injection vaccination series. We compared 2 methods for delivering free hepatitis B vaccination to IDUs: (1) referral by research staff to local health care providers and (2) on-site vaccination at a syringe exchange program.
Perpetuation of H5N1 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses in natural water bodies.

Water bodies are an important route for the spread and transmission of avian influenza virus (AIV). The determining factor for an AIV to transmit through diffusion in water is the term of viability of the virus in the water body. To better understand the perpetuation of AIV in natural water bodies, and thus the risks of AIV spread and transmission via such bodies, we systematically studied the inactivation dynamics of two AIV strains (H5N1 and H9N2) at different temperatures in water bodies of important migratory bird habitats within China (Dongting Lake, Poyang Lake, the Hubei segment of the Yangtze River and Qinghai Lake). We also studied the impact of water-borne micro-organisms on the perpetuation of AIV. Our findings indicated that water is very likely an important route for the epidemic spread of AIV, especially during the autumn and winter seasons. In addition, water-borne micro-organisms might antagonize the persistence of AIV.