Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Vehicle–track interaction with consideration of rail irregularities at three-dimensional space

Modelling of vehicle–track interaction has long been a hot and interesting topic. In multibody dynamics based on force-equilibrium methods, Hertzian contact and creep theories have been applied in vehicle–track model constructions. In another aspect, the complementarity-based methods have also been widely used in establishing vehicle–track interaction, but still having drawbacks on characterization of wheel–rail contact geometry/creepage in three-dimensional space. In this study, we draw essences from methodologies of refined wheel–rail coupling models and energy-variational principle, and a model for vehicle–track three-dimensional interactions with inclusion of rail irregularity excitations is newly developed. This model possesses high accuracy compared with Hertzian contact, FastSim, and vehicle–track coupled model in the middle-low frequency domain, and also, the advantages in computational stability are possessed. In this model, the unevenness of rail irregularities at the three-dimensional space is preliminarily considered by taking a hypothesis of normal distribution and accordingly, the wheel–rail three-dimensional constraint equations are presented. Extensively, a series of numerical examples are shown to verify the effectiveness and engineering practicability of this model. Besides, the influence of rail three-dimensional irregularities on the dynamic performance of vehicle–track systems is further explored, which shows when the trochoid of the wheel–rail contact points changes rapidly, the additional inertial effects brought out by rail irregularities might exert great influence on wheel–rail forces.
Formation of Cheddar cheese analogues using canola oil and 1 ultrasonication – a comparison between single and double emulsion 2 systems 3

14 Cheddar cheese analogues were produced from skim milk in which canola oil was emulsified using 15 ultrasound to form either single (O/W) or double emulsions (W1/O/W2). The double emulsion cheese 16 analogues (DECH) had a distinct microstructure and retained small skim milk droplets, dispersed in the 17 fat phase, for more than 7 months of aging at 4 o C. The single emulsion cheese analogues (SECH), 18 prepared with the same fat content as control cheeses, produced comparable yields of cheese and whey, 19 with similar composition, although the fat droplets were more spherical and showed greater 20 coalescence. The DECH cheese with skim milk encapsulated in the oil droplets, was harder, melted less 21 and showed more free fatty acid development over 7 months of aging than the control cheeses. The 22 SECH cheeses were softer than the control and also melted less effectively but did not show greater 23 free fatty acid development. This study investigates the properties of pressed Cheddar Cheese analogues created from single and double emulsions of canola oil using ultrasonication. The cheese analogues are compared to an established Cheddar cheese model using milk fat from cream. The effects of the ultrasonic treatment on the protein and fat content of the milk used to make cheese, the cheese itself and the whey was assessed. The microstructure illustrates the type, distribution of fat within the cheese microstructure and the emulsification route used to form fat droplets influence the properties of the cheese produced, both immediately after pressing and on maturation. The double emulsion (DECH) cheeses had a distinct microstructure with a skim milk phase encapsulated within the emulsified oil droplets. Small dispersed skim milk droplets remained within double emulsion droplets, even after 7 months cheese aging. Compared control cheeses, DECH chesses with a lower fat content was harder, had lower meltability, and a similar free fatty acid development during maturation . The single emulsion cheese (SECH) analogues prepared with the same fat content as control cheeses, produced comparable yields of cheese and whey, with a similar composition to the control. Fat in both SECH and DECH cheeses appeared more spherical in shape compared to the control. The SECH cheeses were softer than the control, but had a reduced meltability similar to the DECH. Despite having a distinct aroma attributed to the canola oil, SECH cheeses did not display high FFA development during maturation. Our results suggest that using ultrasonication to produce
MODELAGEM NUMÉRICA DE PAREDE DIAFRAGMA ATIRANTADA EM ÁREA URBANA

Estruturas de contencao, tanto as passivas quanto as ativas, sao utilizadas para conter determinada massa de solo com o objetivo de promover a minima perturbacao possivel no local inserido, de maneira a fornecer seguranca. As contencoes ativas tem grande uso em areas urbanas devido a menor deformacao resultante na estrutura quando comparado com as demais. Dentro deste contexto, este trabalho apresenta estudo de uma contencao do tipo parede diafragma atirantada em area urbana. A estrutura possui restricoes de deformacao devido a existencia de tubulacao, edificacao com fundacao direta e rodovia em suas proximidades. Apresenta-se a modelagem do sistema em um software de elementos finitos e no Ftool, considerando a especifidade da metodologia de calculo de cada um. Foram realizadas comparacoes com os resultados obtidos por meio desses softwares. Ao fim da pesquisa, verificou-se que os resultados obtidos pelos dois metodos apresentaram uma semelhante ordem de grandeza nos valores de deslocamento.
Accretion History of AGN II: Constraints on AGN Spectral Parameters using the Cosmic X-ray Background.

We constrain X-ray spectral shapes for the ensemble of AGN based on the shape of the Cosmic X-ray Background (CXB). Specifically, we rule out regions of X-ray spectral parameter space that do not reproduce the CXB in the energy range 1-100 keV. The key X-ray spectral parameters are the photon index, {\Gamma}; the cutoff energy, Ecutoff; and the reflection scaling factor, R. Assuming each parameter follows a Gaussian distribution, we first explore the parameter space using a Bayesian approach and a fixed X-ray luminosity function (XLF). For {\sigma}_E = 36 keV and {\sigma}_R = 0.14, fixed at the observed values from the Swift-BAT 70-month sample, we allow , and to vary subject to reproducing the CXB. We report results for {\sigma}_{\Gamma} = 0.1-0.5. In an alternative approach, we define the parameter distributions, then forward model to fit the CXB by perturbing the XLF using a neural network. This approach allows us to rule out parameter combinations that cannot reproduce the CXB for any XLF. The marginalized conditional probabilities for the four free parameters are: = 0.99^{+0.11}_{-0.26}, = 118^{+24}_{-23}, {\sigma}_{\Gamma} = 0.101^{+0.097}_{-0.001} and = 1.9^{+0.08}_{-0.09}. We provide an interactive online tool for users to explore any combination of , {\sigma}_E, , {\sigma}_{\Gamma}, and {\sigma}_R including different distributions for each absorption bin, subject to the integral CXB constraint. The distributions observed in many AGN samples can be ruled out by our analysis, meaning these samples can not be representative of the full AGN population. The few samples that fall within the acceptable parameter space are hard X-ray-selected, commensurate with their having fewer selection biases.
Variance Risk Premiums in Emerging Markets

We provide first time the emerging market variance risk premiums (EMVRP) from 2006 to 2019, based on nine emerging stocks and options markets---Brazil, China, India, South Korea, Mexico, Poland, Russia, South Africa, and Taiwan. The EMVRP significantly predicts international stock returns and currency appreciation rates, especially for horizons longer than five months. This is in sharp contrast with the predictive pattern of the developed market variance risk premium (DMVRP), which is more important over horizons shorter than five months. These findings are consistent with an illustrative model incorporating partial market integration and heterogeneous economic uncertainty.
A cross-firm analysis of corporate governance compliance and performance in Indonesia

The study aims to construct a cross-firm corporate governance index to predict firm performance. The index consists of 15 governance elements from a large sample of the Indonesian firms covering the period from 2003 to 2013. ,This study presents robust results as the findings are tested by applying the generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator to eliminate endogeneity problems and unobservable heterogeneity posed by the relationship between performance and firm-level governance practices. ,The results indicate that the corporate governance index is associated with enhanced corporate financial performance. Likewise, the findings reported under the pooled ordinary least squares and GMM also indicate corporate governance sub-indexes (elements), which have significant effects on performance: whistleblower mechanism, audit quality, board of director size and blockholders. ,In the emerging market context, this study supports the notion that active and self-regulated governance practices are appreciated by the market and, in the end, can have a positive impact on financial performance. The analysis adds to the empirical literature by providing insights into how governance provisions are being actively implemented in the micro level. With regard to weak governance practices, this study is consistent with previous studies, according to which, firms have the opportunity to use corporate governance as a way of differentiating themselves from other players in countries with poorly regulated investor protection and institutional settings. ,This study makes a positive contribution, as it looks at the impact of Indonesia’s corporate governance compliance on the basis of a set of 15 unique governance provisions, including the findings of the positive influence of corporate governance in family business.
Optimization of PM2.5 Measurement System Using NOVA SDS011 Sensor

Particulate matters with the diameter less than 2.5 µm or PM2.5, have been known to the health adverse. The developing of a measurement system of PM2.5 with a high precision has become a challenge in the last decade. We design the system using a NOVA SDS011 sensor to measure PM2.5 concentration. The problem is that the sensor has a capacity to measure particulate matter in the range of 0.3 to 10 µm, meanwhile we would like to design the measurement system of PM2.5 with the high precision. Another this that we address is how to optimize the sensor. A factor influenced the sensor optimization is a sample compartment. In this paper, we present the PM2.5 measurement system with the different compartments. The PM2.5 measurement system was calibrated using the 3443 Kanomax dust monitor. The result shows that the system works well with the compartment is important factor to increase the precision.
Direct high frequency plantlet regeneration from leaf explants of Solanum torvum (swartz). A medicinally important plant

1 2 Department of Botany, University College Kakatiya University Warangal, Department of Botany, UCS, 3 4 Saifabad, Osmania University, Hyderabad Department of Botany, Govt. Degree College Parkal, Department of 5 Botany, Govt. Degree College Mulugu, Department of Botany, Govt. Degree College Mahabubabad Email:-venkatmddr@gmail.com Date of online publication: 30th September 2019 DOI: 10.5958/2455-7218.2019. 00013.5
Sarcoidosis and adrenal angiomyolipoma - A rare tumor and a rarer coincidence

Angiomyolipoma is a benign mesenchymal tumor occurring in about 0.3 % of the general population. Angiomyolipoma of the adrenal gland is a rare entity, and only 5 cases have been reported so far in English literature. Sarcoidosis is a systemic illness of unknown etiology characterized histologically by non-caseating epithelioid granulomas in the affected tissues. Angiomyolipoma of the adrenal occurring in sarcoidosis is an unusual association with no prior published reports. We describe a case of adrenal angiomyolipoma in a 60 year old female with sarcoidosis. (Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2017; 34: 81-84)
The short – term nephropathological complications in experimentally induced diabetes mellitus in female domestic rabbits*

This study was designed to assess the pathological changes in kidneys after twenty days from induction of diabetes mellitus in female rabbits. Sixteen female rabbits were used in this experiment and divided into two equal groups: diabetic group (Df) and control group (Cf). Animals were housed in cages under 12/12 h light/dark cycle at 25±2 °C& 60% relative humidity with standard granulated food & water available ad libitium. The animals were left one month for adaptation. Diabetes mellitus was induced by i.v injection of alloxan monohydrate at dose rate 100 mg/kg dissolved in 1 ml of normal saline, while the control group was injected with 1 ml of normal saline. Blood was collected after three days to check fasting serum glucose. The procedure of alloxan injection and blood collection were made on empty stomach. The laboratory tests including serum glucose estimation at days (0, 3, 10 and 20) days. After taking blood samples four rabbits were sacrificed by decapitation. The kidneys were removed for histopathological study by using H/E stains. We found the following results according to the periods of the experiments: Serum glucose level was elevated, by checking after 3 days of injection of alloxan, and still elevated to the end of the experiment. The histopathological results after 10 days of induction of diabetes revealed that there were edema, hypertrophy and hypercellularity of glomeruli without any cast or inflammation, while there were necrosis as well as glomerular swelling after 20 days of induction of diabetes.
A study to understand which job context factors are responsible for high employee turnover rate in call centers with special reference to Pune City

Any organization that wants to control its employee turnover or increase retention should have a good understanding of the factors that lead to employee turnover. There are various factors that affect the individual's decision to leave a job. These factors can be grouped as individual related, Role or job related, Organization related. Economic factors like salary and perks, housing, quality of living, need for saving, societal factors like peer pressure, family reasons study of all these factors can throw some light on the issue as to why people are leaving their jobs. The factors may be at times very simple and can be answered by simple questions like where is the employee turnover occurring? Is it more in males than females? What level? Is there anything common among people who leave etc. Once the cause of employee turnover is identified, solving the problem becomes relatively easy. At least the organization can then determine if any internal interventions will help reduce the employee turnover. In the current study the researcher wish to come up with the key reasons for employee turnover in the call center's located in the Pune city.
Research on Data Preprocessing in Side Channel Attack Based on Multi-Layer Perception

The data encryption process in the encryption chip will be leaked by means of timing operation time, probe collection operation power and electromagnetic signal interception, which makes side channel attack possible. The actual power consumption data usually contains a lot of noise, which reduces the success rate of side channel attack. This paper studies the preprocessing of FPGA power data, proposes two indexes -- MSNR (Maximum Signal Noise Ratio) and GE (Guessing Entropy), and the variance and mean curves of Hamming weight assist modelling to summarize three reliable preprocessing methods based on dynamic powers.
Biochemical Profile and Body Composition Alteration of Amateur Bodybuilders during the Pre-Contest Period

The paper aims to analyze body composition and biochemical profile alterations in amateur bodybuilders during the cutting phase of a contest preparation, and to discuss them in light of scientific evidence. For the purpose of this study, bodybuilders and coaches provided details of drug administration, supplement use and training schedule. The four participants were two men competing in different Men’s Physique categories, one woman in the Wellness category, and one woman competing in the Bikini category. Participants were evaluated for anthropometry and body composition before and after the cutting phase. There was an evident decrease in body fat for most of the participants during the cutting phase without evident loss of fat-free mass. In general, participants performed high volume resistance training combined with aerobic training. Regarding drug administration, participants used high doses of anabolic androgen steroids (AAS), combined with clenbuterol, thyroid hormone, and ephedrine. Blood analysis revealed alterations in lipid profiles, with increased total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. There were marked alterations in markers of liver (aspartate aminotransferase) and cardiac (MB isoenzyme creatine kinase) damage. Our analysis suggests that the strategies adopted by bodybuilders during the pre-contest phase (high use of AAS and stimulant-based substances) may result in an increased risk of heart disease and liver dysfunction.
Clonality of PIK3CA mutations (mut) and efficacy of PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors (PAMi) in patients (pts) with metastatic breast cancer (MBC).

528Background: PAMi are being developed in unselected populations with MBC, but not all pts derive equal benefit. Aim: to assess predictive factors influencing PAMi efficacy in MBC pts enrolled in phaseI/II clinical trials, with exploratory analysis according to PIK3CAmut allele fractions (MAF). Methods: MBC pts treated with PAMi and with genomic information were identified. MAF was corrected for tumor purity and categorized as clonal (cl; > 0.3) or subclonal (scl; ≤ 0.3). Efficacy of PAMi measured as clinical benefit rate [CBR: CR+PR+SD@4 months (m)] and time to treatment failure (TTF: time from PAMi start until discontinuation for any reason). Results: From Oct10-Sep15, 105 pts received 112 PAMi. Median (med) age 56; HR+/HER2- 74.3%; med number (N) of prior lines and MBC sites 2; visceral metastasis in 66%. Mut: PIK3CA 31%, AKT1 7%, NF2 4%. PIK3CA med MAF (N = 28) 0.5 (interquartile range 0.4-0.6), cl in 80% of samples. PAMi: AKTi 12%, pan-PI3Ki 12%, PI3K/mTORi 17%, mTORi 21%, PI3Kαi 38%. Type of treatm.
Heritage assets in the due process of the International Public Sector Accounting Standards Board (IPSASB)

ABSTRACT This paper assesses whether the IPSASB’s consultation paper (CP), ‘Financial Reporting for Heritage in the Public Sector’ might actually end academic debates about how to report on heritage assets. Similarities and differences in the position of the IPSASB, previous academic literature and the CP’s respondents are examined by the authors. IPSASB proposed that heritage be recognized and measured in financial statements, whereas the academic literature has supported reporting largely through disclosure notes. Most respondents agreed with the IPSASB, but raised the same difficulties as discussed in the academic literature. The respondents were mainly public sector entities and professional associations, mostly from Europe, Oceania and Africa. Though the CP asks the right questions, it does not provide the needed guidance which indicates it will not be able to end the ongoing debate. IMPACT This research offers fresh knowledge about financial reporting on heritage items, offering financial statement users and preparers information about possible future stages of heritage accounting policy. The paper will be useful for policy- and decision-makers, as well as the standard setting boards (SSBs). It provides insight into respondents’ behaviour in consultation processes and the influence of a respondent’s background on participation, which should help SSBs improve their consultation processes. First steps were made regarding research into the influence of different variables (for example geographical locations, affiliation and legislative background) on opinions regarding the topic of the CP. This paper points the way forward for new discussions about accounting for heritage.
Effects of supervisor's developmental feedback on employee loyalty: A moderated mediation model

We utilized social exchange theory to examine the effects that supervisor developmental feedback has on employee loyalty toward the supervisor. The 337 participants for our study were recruited from a large manufacturing enterprise in Hunan, China. Using hierarchical linear regression analysis, we found that supervisor developmental feedback was positively related to both trust in, and employee loyalty toward, the supervisor. Trust was not only positively associated with employee loyalty toward the supervisor but also partially mediated the relationship between supervisor developmental feedback and employee loyalty toward the supervisor. Further, interactional justice moderated the positive relationship between supervisor developmental feedback and employee trust of the supervisor, such that the strength of this relationship was enhanced as interactional justice increased. Managerial implications and directions for further research are discussed.
Resistance Exercise Performed at Different Degrees of Arterial Occlusion Pressure does not Induce Prolonged Oxidative Stress or Muscle Damage

This study investigated if resistance exercise performed at differing Arterial Occlusion Pressures (AOP) causes oxidative stress and muscle damage. Twelve males completed 4 sets of 10 repetitions of knee extension at 20% of 1RM, with 30 s rest intervals between sets, that varied only in the amount of restriction pressure applied: 1) CON (no pressure), 2) AOP-50 (50% of the total AOP), 3) AOP-75 (75% of the AOP), and 4) AOP-100 (100% of the AOP), with each condition separated by 7 days. Ratings of Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS), Maximal Isometric Strength (MIS), serum levels of Creatine Kinase (CK), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Lipid Peroxide (LP), and the Antioxidant Activity of Plasma (AAP) were assessed at rest, 1, 24, and 48 h post-exercise. DOMS, MSI, CK, LP, and AAP did not differ among the conditions (p > 0.05) across the different time points, however, plasma levels of LDH were significantly lower (p < 0.01) at 24 h post-exercise (265.83 ± 17.55 UI/L) in comparison to 48 h post exercise (294.96 ± 17.51 UI/L) averaged across all groups. It was concluded that resistance exercise with differing occlusion pressures does not cause prolonged muscle damage or oxidative stress, regardless of the amount of AOP.
Pyridinium salts of dithiophosphoric acids on the basis of nicotinic acids and their isomers, 3-hydroxypyridine, and 3-pyridinemethanol

Abstract A new series of chiral carboxypyridinium dithiophosphates were synthesized by the reactions of nicotinic, isonicotinic, and picolinic acids with dithiophosphoric acid on the basis (1S)-endo-(–)-borneol in benzene or ethanol. 5,5-Dimethyl-2-mercapto-2-thiono-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinane reacted with 3-hydroxypyridine or 3-pyridinemethanol in EtOH to afford the 3-hydroxypyridinium and 3-hydroxymethylpyridinium 5,5-dimethyl-2-mercapto-2-thiono-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinanes which possessed antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Graphical Abstract
Passive social network site use and adolescent materialism: Upward social comparison as a mediator

We examined the role of upward social comparison in the relationship between passive social network site use and adolescent materialism. A sample of 718 Chinese adolescents completed measures of passive social network site use, upward social comparison, and materialism. Correlational analysis results showed that passive social network site use was significantly correlated with upward social comparison and adolescent materialism. In addition, regression analysis results showed that passive social network site use significantly predicted adolescent materialism through the mediation of upward social comparison. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.