Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DFT methodologies for testing k-CNOT, Fredkin and Peres based reversible circuits

The widespread use of reversible logic for low-power and high-speed applications has made testing of reversible circuits a primary focus for researchers in order to ensure the manufacture of highly reliable circuits. In this work, we propose two methods to convert a given Reversible Circuit (RC) into a testable RC. Initially, we present the modification to ESOP (EXOR Sum of Product) based online testing methodology with additional test vectors to detect the wide class of faults in RC designed with k-CNOT, Fredkin and Peres gates. Then, we propose a new Design for Testability (DFT) technique which effectively detects various faults, using a minimum test set for higher fault coverage with additional DFT hardware. The proposed methodologies are validated on various reversible benchmark circuits and comparison of fault coverage and hardware overhead are compared with that of existing approaches.
Superpixel based roughness measure for cotton leaf diseases detection and classification

Color image segmentation is very important for separating an object of interest from given input image. For cotton leaf disease detection, an infected part of leaf must be separated out for further classification. This paper proposed a technique for cotton leaf diseases detection and classification using the concept of roughness measure and simple linear iterative clustering. An optimum number of superpixel group are formed using roughness measure for extracting region of interest of cotton leaf. Gray level co-occurrence matrix features are extracted from detected region. Support vector machine, a supervised machine learning algorithm is used to classify cotton leaf into four different categories as Alternaria diseases, Bacterial diseases, White flies, and Healthy cotton leaf. Proposed algorithms demonstrated the average classification accuracy of 94% with the available database.
Revised (2018) COPD Clinical Practice Guideline of the Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease: A Summary

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) results in high morbidity and mortality among patients nationally and globally. The Korean clinical practice guideline for COPD was revised in 2018. The guideline was drafted by the members of the Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases as well as the participating members of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, Korean Physicians' Association, and Korea Respiration Trouble Association. The revised guideline encompasses a wide range of topics, including the epidemiology, diagnosis, assessment, monitoring, management, exacerbation, and comorbidities of COPD in Korea. We performed systematic reviews assisted by an expert in meta-analysis to draft a guideline on COPD management. We expect this guideline to facilitate the treatment of patients with respiratory conditions by physicians as well other health care professionals and government personnel in South Korea.
Investigating the role of Hedgehog/GLI1 signaling in glioblastoma cell response to temozolomide

Resistance to chemotherapy substantially hinders successful glioblastoma (GBM) treatment, contributing to an almost 100% mortality rate. Resistance to the frontline chemotherapy, temozolomide (TMZ), arises from numerous signaling pathways that are deregulated in GBM, including Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Here, we investigate suppression of Hh signaling as an adjuvant to TMZ using U87-MG and T98G cell lines as in vitro models of GBM. We found that silencing GLI1 with siRNA reduces cell metabolic activity by up to 30% in combination with TMZ and reduces multidrug efflux activity by 2.5-fold. Additionally, pharmacological GLI inhibition modulates nuclear p53 levels and decreases MGMT expression in combination with TMZ. While we surprisingly found that silencing GLI1 does not induce apoptosis in the absence of TMZ co-treatment, we discovered silencing GLI1 without TMZ co-treatment induces senescence as evidenced by a significant 2.3-fold increase in senescence associated β-galactosidase staining, and this occurs in a loss of PTEN-dependent manner. Finally, we show that GLI inhibition increases apoptosis in glioma stem-like cells by up to 6.8-fold in combination with TMZ, and this reduces the size and number of neurospheres grown from glioma stem-like cells. In aggregate, our data warrant the continued investigation of Hh pathway inhibitors as adjuvants to TMZ chemotherapy and highlight the importance of identifying signaling pathways that determine whether co-treatment will be successful.
Do environmental factors drive obesity? Evidence from international graduate students

International students offer a unique window into the role environmental factors play in driving obesity. Naïve estimates of the relationship between environmental factors and obesity are often plagued by reverse causation, sample selection, and omitted variable bias. In this study, we survey international students at 40 public universities across the United States. We use this unique data to link the weight gain of international students to the prevalence of obesity where they live. We argue that our estimates are less likely to be biased as international students have limited control over the environment to which they are exposed upon arrival in the United States. We find that students living in areas with a higher prevalence of obesity show a biologically important and statistically significantly greater increase in weight as compared to those living in areas with a lower prevalence of obesity. Results provide cautious evidence that environmental characteristics of a region can affect the weight gain of individuals.
Compliance to prenatal iron and folic acid supplement and associated factors among women during pregnancy in south east Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Anemia is a global public health problem affecting two billion people worldwide. Globally, 41.8% of pregnant women and 30.2% of non-pregnant women are anaemic [1]. At least half of this anemia burden is assumed to be due to iron deficiency [2]. Many studies documented the adverse effects of maternal anemia, 12.8% and 3.7% of maternal mortality in Asia and Africa respectively is directly attributable to anemia [3]. In Ethiopia, anemia is the severe problem affecting 62.7% of pregnant mothers and 52.3% non-pregnant women [4,5]. During pregnancy anemia have negative consequence both for mother and the infant. For mother, the consequences of anemia include reduced energy and capacity for work poor pregnancy and birth outcomes including premature delivery, low birth weight, and increased prenatal mortality and increased risk of death during delivery and postpartum. It is estimated that as many as 20% of maternal deaths are caused by anemia and that anemia may be an associated cause in as many as 50% of maternal deaths worldwide [6].
Multiple stage image encryption using chaotic logistic map

Image encryption becomes more important as lot of information is shared in the digital world. To make the algorithm efficient and more secure, multiple stages of encryption is highly appreciated. In this paper, chaotic logistic map based multiple stage image encryption using various functions is discussed. The impact of chaotic map parameters to various functions is also presented. Due to the chaotic map, there is a strong sensitivity to the keys used in the algorithm. Histogram and key sensitivity analysis are performed to prove the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
A CLADISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE CYPHOPHTHALMID GENERA (OPILIONES, CYPHOPHTHALMI)

Abstract A phylogenetic analysis of the genera of Cyphophthalmi is undertaken by studying 32 morphological characters in 43 species representing all families and most genera. The analysis is complemented with a molecular analysis using 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA sequence data of twelve cyphophthalmid species representing ten genera. The Cyphophthalmi are monophyletic, as are the families Stylocellidae and Pettalidae. However, the families Sironidae, Ogoveidae, and Neogoveidae are not monophyletic. Relationships among families need more data, but molecular characters strongly support the monophyly of Troglosironidae + Neogoveidae. Rooting the cyphophthalmid tree by using sequence data of one Eupnoi, one Dyspnoi, and one Laniatores results in two alternatives, one proposing a sister group relationship of Stylocellidae to the remaining taxa, or alternatively Pettalidae (with Suzukielus? ) as sister group of the remaining cyphophthalmids. The position of Troglosiro, Suzukielus, Metasiro, Huitaca, and the epigean “Neogovea” mexasca are re-evaluated and discussed.
Proceedings of the ACL Workshop on Empirical Modeling of Semantic Equivalence and Entailment@ACL 2005, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, June 30, 2005

The last few years have seen a surge in interest in modeling techniques aimed at measuring semantic equivalence and entailment, with work on paraphrase acquisition/generation, WordNetbased expansion, distributional similarity, supervised learning of semantic variability in information extraction, and the identification of patterns in template-based QA. Being able to identify when two strings "mean the same thing" or that one entails the other are crucial abilities for a broad range of NLP-related applications, ranging from question answering to summarization. These proceedings contain a rich variety of papers centered on the problem of modeling semantic overlap between linguistic strings. This is a difficult problem space, encompassing issues of lexical choice, syntactic alternation, semantic inference, and reference/discourse structure.
High Density 3D Cross-Point STT-MRAM

Stackable 3D cross-point Spin transfer torque magnetic RAM (STT-MRAM) is one of the best candidates to replace DRAM and serve as storage class memory (SCM). For very high density and low cost STT-MRAM, stackable 3D cross-point STT-MRAM architecture requires selectors integrated in series with a magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) memory element. We have developed a two-terminal bi-directional threshold switching selector and integrated the selector with a perpendicular MTJ to form a 1S1R device. The write operations between "AP" and "P" resistance state have been demonstrated for 1S1R STT-MRAM devices. A simulation model has been developed to simulate conductive filament growth and dissolution process, and dynamic switching of coupled pMTJ and selector devices. The simulation results show the importance of optimal matching of pMTJ magnetic properties with selector resistive properties to achieve high performance.
International consensus on the assessment of bruxism: Report of a work in progress

Summary In 2013, consensus was obtained on a definition of bruxism as repetitive masticatory muscle activity characterised by clenching or grinding of the teeth and/or by bracing or thrusting of the mandible and specified as either sleep bruxism or awake bruxism. In addition, a grading system was proposed to determine the likelihood that a certain assessment of bruxism actually yields a valid outcome. This study discusses the need for an updated consensus and has the following aims: (i) to further clarify the 2013 definition and to develop separate definitions for sleep and awake bruxism; (ii) to determine whether bruxism is a disorder rather than a behaviour that can be a risk factor for certain clinical conditions; (iii) to re-examine the 2013 grading system; and (iv) to develop a research agenda. It was concluded that: (i) sleep and awake bruxism are masticatory muscle activities that occur during sleep (characterised as rhythmic or non-rhythmic) and wakefulness (characterised by repetitive or sustained tooth contact and/or by bracing or thrusting of the mandible), respectively; (ii) in otherwise healthy individuals, bruxism should not be considered as a disorder, but rather as a behaviour that can be a risk (and/or protective) factor for certain clinical consequences; (iii) both non-instrumental approaches (notably self-report) and instrumental approaches (notably electromyography) can be employed to assess bruxism; and (iv) standard cut-off points for establishing the presence or absence of bruxism should not be used in otherwise healthy individuals; rather, bruxismrelated masticatory muscle activities should be assessed in the behaviour’s continuum.
Low-complexity MMSE signal detection algorithm based on BiCGSTAB method for uplink massive MIMO systems

For large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, the near-optimal algorithm of minimum mean square error (MMSE) method is widely used for uplink signal detection, but the matrix inversion process leads to high computational complexity. In this paper, a low-complexity signal detection algorithm based on biconjugate gradient stabilized (BiCGSTAB) method is proposed. A special property of the MMSE filtering matrix indicates the appropriateness of this algorithm and the computational complexity analysis shows that this method is capable to reduce the complexity from O(K3) to O(K2) and can be easier to implement on FPGA. Finally, simulation result verifies the advantage of BiCGSTAB algorithm over other stationary iterative algorithms.
Adaptive Threshold Setting for Determining Spectrum Occupancy in TV White Space in Thailand

This paper presents the results of spectrum occupancy measurements carried out in three different locations in Thailand: the Pathum Thani province (suburban), Bangkok (urban), and the Mae Kasa sub-district (rural) in the Tak province using a low-cost spectrum analyzer based system to show the spectrum occupancy at UHF TV band for testing the feasibility of TV White Space (TVWS) technology. Furthermore, inaccuracy of fixed threshold setting while performing spectrum occupancy measurements is shown by comparing the data with the ground truth report from the National Broadcasting and Telecommunications Commission (NBTC). An adaptive threshold setting algorithm, namely, Forward Consecutive Mean Excision (FCME) is then applied for determining the performance while carrying out spectrum occupancy measurements. Additionally, the adaptive threshold setting is modified to improve the accuracy of spectrum detection making the resultant spectrum occupancy more reliable.
Joint optimization of transmission and processing delay in fog computing access networks

The rise of Internet of Things applications and the limitations of the cloud computing promote a new distributed computing model called fog computing, processing data at the edge of the network. Fog computing introduces an intermediate layer between user equipment and cloud, which complements cloud computing with low latency services for UE. In this paper, the optimization between transmission delay and processing delay in the fog computing access system is investigated. We model the fog access system with 3-layer model and propose an access optimization algorithm based on the model. Simulation results show the correctness of the analysis and the performance improvement of the proposed strategies in the fog computing access networks.
The transformer2 gene of the pumpkin fruit fly, Bactrocera tau (Walker), functions in sex determination, male fertility and testis development

The insect transformer2 (tra2) gene has a prevalent role in cooperating with the sex‐determining gene transformer (tra) to direct female differentiation. Here, we report the identification and characterization of Btau‐tra2, the tra2 orthologue of the pumpkin fruit fly, Bactrocera tau, an invasive agricultural pest. The Btau‐tra2 gene produces three transcript variants. However, only two transcripts can be examined; one is present at all developmental stages in the soma and germline of both sexes and the other one is specific to the embryo and the germline. Knocking down the function of Btau‐tra2 produced a male‐biased sex ratio and some intersexes. Consistent with a role in sex determination, the obtained intersexual and male sterility phenotypes express a mix of male and female splice variants of the tra and doublesex (dsx) orthologues, indicating that Btau‐tra2 has a conserved splicing regulatory function and acts together with/upstream of tra and dsx. In addition, some males obtained from the knock down are fertile but their fertilities are extremely reduced. Moreover, almost all surviving RNA interference (RNAi) males harbour testes having some defects in their external morphologies. Most notably, the body size of a few surviving RNAi flies was two‐to threefold increased with respect to the normal size. Our findings suggest that Btau‐tra2 is involved in male fertility and may also have an unprecedented role in body size control besides its conserved role in sex determination.
Illustrating Informed Presence Bias in Electronic Health Records Data: How Patient Interactions with a Health System Can Impact Inference

Electronic health record (EHR) data are becoming a primary resource for clinical research. Compared to traditional research data, such as those from clinical trials and epidemiologic cohorts, EHR data have a number of appealing characteristics. However, because they do not have mechanisms set in place to ensure that the appropriate data are collected, they also pose a number of analytic challenges. In this paper, we illustrate that how a patient interacts with a health system influences which data are recorded in the EHR. These interactions are typically informative, potentially resulting in bias. We term the overall set of induced biases informed presence. To illustrate this, we use examples from EHR based analyses. Specifically, we show that: 1) Where a patient receives services within a health facility can induce selection bias; 2) Which health system a patient chooses for an encounter can result in information bias; and 3) Referral encounters can create an admixture bias. While often times addressing these biases can be straightforward, it is important to understand how they are induced in any EHR based analysis.
Tillage-Induced Spatial Distribution of Surface Crusts on a Sandy Paleustult from Togo

The spatial distribution of crusts in coarse-textured soils and the processes affecting it are poorly documented, despite the potential impact of crusts on water infiltration. This study addresses the influence of tillage-induced microrelief on the morphology and spatial distribution of surface crusts in an Oxic Paleustult from southern Togo (West Africa). Replicate 1-m2 plots were exposed to 217 mm of natural rainfall during a 6-wk period, during which the surface topography was measured three times. Subsequently, 24 undisturbed crust samples were used for micromorphological analysis. The crusts exhibited a range of morphologies but were nevertheless adequately mapped and characterized according to two main types. Type 1 crusts (=runoff crusts) showed several superposed clay bands, 100 to 500 mm thick, buried within a micromass-depleted sand layer 5 12 mm thick. Type 2 crusts (=erosion crusts) had an exposed clay band a few tenths of a millimeter thick. The spatial distribution of crusts at the time of sampling appeared better correlated with the initial than with the final microtopography of the plots. These findings suggest that crust distribution should be regarded as history dependent and that erosion and deposition processes largely governed the development of the crusts. This latter aspect is in agreement with the recent crust genesis model of Valentin and Bresson, as is the fact that clay bands in our plots were laterally continuous at all observational scales 50.1 m. Other mechanisms proposed in the literature for the development of clay bands did not seem able to account adequately for the observed pattern.
Radar coded aperture imaging for three dimensional target

Two dimensional (2D) radar coded aperture imaging is a cutting-edge imaging technology which can achieve high-resolution, forward-looking and staring imaging. This paper extends the imaging method to three dimensions. Such a three-dimensional (3D) radar imaging technique does not rely on Doppler frequency for resolution and has an extremely short imaging time. 3D radar coded aperture imaging consequently can derive high-quality images for stationary targets. The validity of the proposed imaging technique is confirmed by numerical simulations.
A novel active element: Fully differential voltage differencing current controlled current conveyor (FD-VDCCC) and filter applications

In this study, a novel active signal processing block called Fully Differential Voltage Differencing Current Controlled Current Conveyor (FD-VDCCC) is proposed. The input and the output stages of FD-VDCCC consist of a fully differential operational transconductance amplifier and a current controlled differential voltage current conveyor, respectively. The FD-VDCCC can be adjusted by bias currents. The proposed active element has not only various differential voltage and current input terminals but also various voltage and current output terminals. Hence, the proposed active element complies with current mode or mixed mode circuit designs. In the study, in order to demonstrate the functionality of the considered structure, FD-VDCCC based current controlled universal filter is proposed. The study also contains the CMOS realization of FD-VDCCC and SPICE simulation results obtained with 180 nm TSMC CMOS technology parameters for the proposed FD-VDCCC and universal filter structures.
One-Year Results for Patients with Unilateral Hearing Loss and Accompanying Severe Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Treated with a Cochlear Implant

Objective: To show that patients with unilateral hearing loss (UHL), with one ear fulfilling cochlear implant (CI) indication criteria, and an additional severe tinnitus handicap can be treated effectively with a CI. Method: A prospective multi-centre study was conducted in five Spanish centres. Sixteen adult patients with UHL and a mean Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) score of at least 58 were implanted. The study design included repeated within-subject measures of quality of life (Health Utility Index Mark 3 [HUI3]), tinnitus (THI, Visual Analogue Scale [VAS] on tinnitus loudness), hearing (Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Scale– [SSQ]), and hyperacusis (Test de Hipersensibilidad al Sonido [THS]) up to 12 months after the initial CI fitting. Results: Group data showed significant subjective benefit from CI treatment: the preoperative HUI3 total utility score of 0.45 went up to 0.57 at 6 months and 0.63 at 12 months; the preoperative THI total score of 75 decreased to 40 at 6 months and 35 at 12 months. The preoperative tinnitus loudness VAS score of 8.2 decreased to 2.4 at 6 months and 2.2 at 12 months with the implant “On” and to 6.7 at 6 months and 6.5 at 12 months with the implant “Off. ” The preoperative THS total score of 26 decreased to 17 at 12 months. The preoperative SSQ total score of 4.2 increased to 5.1 at 6 months and 6.3 at 12 months. No unanticipated adverse events were reported during the study period. At 12 months after CI activation all subjects (except 1 subject who used the device 6 days a week) wore their devices all day and every day. The primary reason for CI use was split evenly between tinnitus suppression (n = 6) and both hearing and tinnitus (n = 6). Conclusion: A CI should be considered as a treatment option in patients with UHL and a concomitant severe tinnitus handicap. However, appropriate counselling of candidates on the anticipated risks, benefits, and limitations that are inherent to cochlear implantation is imperative.