Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of extra feeding in mid-pregnancy for three successive parities on lean sows’ productive performance and longevity

Cerisuelo, A. , Sala, R. , Gasa, J., Carrion, D. , Coma, J., Chapinal, N. and Baucells, M. D. 2010. Effects of extra feeding in mid-pregnancy for three successive parities on lean sows' productive performance and longevity. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 90 :52 1� 528. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effects of increasing feeding allowance during mid-pregnancy in sows. A total of 103 PIC pregnant sows (mixed parity) were allocated to two treatments: control (C, n � 49) were fed 2.5� 3.0 kg d � 1 (12.1 MJ ME kg � 1 ) and extra-fed (E, n � 54) received � 2.0 kg d � 1 of the same feed from day 45to 85of gestation over three consecutive cycles. Body weight, backfat thickness (BF) and loin depth were measured on days 45and 85of gestation, farrowing and weaning. Litter and sows performance were recorded during lactation and post-weaning. Overall culling rates were 61 and 67% for C and E groups, respectively. After three cycles, E sows showed a positive BF balance in contrast to C sows (E �� 1.46 mm and C �� 1.81 mm, PB0.05). In cycle 3, E sows presented greater piglet birth weights than C sows, being mainly evident in sows that were nulliparous at the onset of the experiment (PB0.05). Extra-fed sows showed a greater incidence of mastitis-metritis-agalactia syndrome than C sows (P � 0.003). Thus, increasing feeding allowance during mid-pregnancy positively affected BF balance and birth weight in nulliparous sows, but impaired the sows' ability to produce milk in the long-term.
KRONİK NİTRİK OKSİT SENTAZ İNHİBİSYONUNUN SIÇAN MİDESİNDE MEYDANA GETİRDİĞİ HİSTOLOJİK DEĞİŞİKLİKLER

Bu calismada VVistar cinsi albino disi sicanlara iki hafta sureyle H°-nitro-L-arginin metil ester (L-NAME) verilerek kronik nitrik oksit sentaz (NOS) inhibisyonu olusturuldu ve midelerinde meydana gelen histolojik degisiklikler incelendi. 15 adet sican uc gruba ayrildi. I. grup kontrol, II. ve III. gruplar deney gruplarini olusturdu. L-NAME sicanlarin icme suyuna karistirilarak uygulandi; II. ve III.gruplara sirasiyla 100mg/L ve 500mg/L dozda verildi. Iki haftanin sonunda, kontrol grubu ve deney gruplarindan alinan mide korpus kesitleri isik mikroskobunda incelendi. I. ve II. gruplarda mide kesitlerinde butun tabakalar normal histolojik gorunumde izlenirken, III. grubu olusturan sicanlarin mide mukozalarinda yer yer bez lumenierinde dilatasyon ve cevreleyen bez hucrelerinde atrofi; bezlerin bazal bolgelerinde pariyetal hucre yogunlasmasi izlendi. Korpus bezlerinin tamaminda boyun mukus hucre salgilarinin, I ve II. gruplarda periyodik-asit Schiff (PAS) pozitif, III. grupda PAS negatif reaksiyon verdikleri gozlendi. Sonuc olarak kronik NOS inhibisyonunun, sican mide mukozasinda isik mikroskopik degisikliklere neden oldugu saptandi.
Genetic structure of the reef grouper Epinephelus merra in the West Indian Ocean appears congruent with biogeographic and oceanographic boundaries

The reef fauna connectivity of the West Indian Ocean (WIO) is one of the least studied globally. Here we use genetic analyses of the grouper Epinephelus merra (Bloch 1793) to determine patterns of connectivity and to identify barriers to dispersal in this WIO marine area. Phylogeographic and population-level analyses were conducted on cytochrome b sequences and microsatellites (13 loci) from 557 individuals sampled in 15 localities distributed across the West Indian Ocean. Additional samples from the Pacific Ocean were used to benchmark the WIO population structure. The high level of divergence revealed between Indian and Pacific localities (of about 4.5% in sequences) might be the signature of the major tectonic and climatic changes operating at the Plio-Pleistocene transition, congruently with numerous examples of Indo-Pacific speciation. In comparison, the E. merra sequences from the Indian Ocean constitute a monophyletic clade with a low average genetic distance (d < 0.5%). However both genetic markers indicated some structure within this ocean. The main structure revealed was the isolation of the Maldives from the WIO localities (a different group signature identified by clustering analysis, great values of differentiation). Both marker types reveal further significant structure within the WIO, mainly the isolation of the Mascarene Islands (significant AMOVA and isolation-by-distance patterns) and some patchy structure between the northernmost localities and within the Mozambique Channel. The WIO genetic structure of E. merra appeared congruent with main biogeographic boundaries and oceanographic currents.
Development of a sensitive long path absorption photometer to quantify peroxides in aerosol particles (Peroxide-LOPAP)

Abstract. A new off-line instrument to quantify peroxides in aerosol particles using iodometry in long path absorption spectroscopy has been developed and is called peroxide long path absorption photometer (Peroxide-LOPAP). The new analytical setup features important technical innovations compared to hitherto published iodometric peroxide measurements. Firstly, the extraction, chemical conversion and measurement of the aerosol samples are performed in a closed oxygen-free (~ 1 ppb) environment. Secondly, a 50-cm optical detection cell is used for an increased photometric sensitivity. The limit of detection was 0.1 μM peroxide in solution or 0.25 nmol m−3 with respect to an aerosol sample volume of 1 m3. The test reaction was done at a constant elevated temperature of 40 °C and the reaction time was 60 min. Calibration experiments showed that the test reaction with all reactive peroxides, i.e. hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), peracids and peroxides with vicinal carbonyl groups (e.g. lauroyl peroxide) goes to completion and their sensitivity (slope of calibration curve) varies by only ±5%. However, very inert peroxides have a lower sensitivity. For example, tert-butyl hydroperoxide shows only 37% sensitivity compared to H2O2 after 1 h. A kinetic study revealed that even after 5 h only 85% of this inert compound had reacted. The time trends of the peroxide content in secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from the ozonolysis and photo-oxidation of α-pinene in smog chamber experiments were measured. The highest mass fraction of peroxides with 34% (assuming a molecular weight of 300 g mol−1) was found in freshly generated SOA from α-pinene ozonolysis. Mass fractions decreased with increasing NO levels in the photo-oxidation experiments. A decrease of the peroxide content was also observed with aging of the aerosol, indicating a decomposition of peroxides in the particles.
Geodetic slip model of the 2011 M9.0 Tohoku earthquake

The three‐dimensional crustal displacement field as sampled by GPS is used to determine the coseismic slip of the 2011 M9.0 Tohoku Earthquake. We employ a spherically layered Earth structure and use a combination of onland GPS, out to ∼4000 km from the rupture, and offshore GPS, which samples the high‐slip region on the interplate boundary along the Japan trench. Inversion of the displacement field for dip slip, assuming an interplate boundary of variable dip and striking 195°, yields a compact slip maximum of about 33 m located 200 km east of Sendai. The geodetic moment is 4.06 × 1022 N m, corresponding to Mw = 9.0. The area of maximum slip is concentrated at a depth of about 10 km, is updip of the rupture areas of the M ≳ 7 Miyagi‐oki earthquakes of 1933, 1936, 1937, and 1978, and roughly coincides with the rupture area of the M7.1 1981 Miyagi‐oki earthquake. The overlap of the 2011 slip area with several preceding ruptures suggests that the same asperities may rupture repeatedly with M ≳ 7 events within several decades of one another.
Use of selection indices to model the functional response of predators

The functional response of a predator to changing prey density is an important determinant of stability of predator–prey systems. We show how Manly's selection indices can be used to distinguish between hyperbolic and sigmoidal models of a predator functional response to primary prey density in the presence of alternative prey. Specifically, an inverse relationship between prey density and preference for that prey results in a hyperbolic functional response while a positive relationship can yield either a hyperbolic or sigmoidal functional response, depending on the form and relative magnitudes of the density-dependent preference model, attack rate, and handling time. As an example, we examine wolf (Canis lupus) functional response to moose (Alces alces) density in the presence of caribou (Rangifer tarandus). The use of selection indices to evaluate the form of the functional response has significant advantages over previous attempts to fit Holling's functional response curves to killing-rate data directly, including increased sensitivity, use of relatively easily collected data, and consideration of other explanatory factors (e.g., weather, seasons, productivity). Corresponding Editor: J. M. Ver Hoef.
Functional Foods in the Marketplace: Willingness to Pay for Apples Enriched with Antioxidants

The attention on so-called functional foods has been growing as consumers become more concerned with diet and nutrition. This article aims to measure consumers' response to apples with naturally enriched antioxidant coatings. Surveys were conducted in grocery stores in Seattle, Washington and Spokane, Washington. The results suggest that consumers have a somewhat positive attitude towards functional foods in general and with apples enriched with antioxidants in particular. A contingent valuation technique was used to assess factors affecting consumers' willingness to pay for the apples with antioxidant coatings. Consumers in the Spokane grocery stores are more likely to pay a premium for the new type of apples than consumers in Seattle. Consumers who look for a wide variety of product in choosing where to shop for food are more likely to pay a premium for apples enriched with antioxidants. Also, it is estimated that consumers, on average, are willing to pay from 4% to 8% premium for these apples.
Parental investment and fecundity, but not brain size, are associated with establishment success in introduced fishes

Summary 1 Classical theory predicts that colonizing ability should increase with fecundity. Additionally, it has recently been shown that successful establishment of birds was correlated with relative brain size, which was suggested as possibly universal among vertebrates. 2 I conducted a comparative study of establishment success in global fish introductions, controlling for regional geographic differences, to test these hypothesized correlates. 3 In 133 introductions of 17 fish species, establishment success was negatively associated with fecundity while there was no evidence for an effect of relative brain size. In analysis of partially overlapping data, there was no evidence of a correlation between relative brain size and establishment rate across 39 species. 4 One explanation for the negative association with fecundity is that parental investment might be more important to establishment than fecundity. In 126 introductions of 14 species, reproductive behaviours associated with parental investment were significantly associated with establishment success. These results suggest that the correlation between brain size and establishment success is not universal.
Estimation of Predictability with a Newly Derived Index to Quantify Similarity among Ensemble Members

Abstract This study reveals the mathematical structure of a statistical index, Ω, that quantifies similarity among ensemble members in a weather forecast. Previous approaches for quantifying predictability estimate separately the phase and shape characteristics of a forecast ensemble. The diagnostic Ω, on the other hand, characterizes the similarity (across ensemble members) of both aspects together with a simple expression. The diagnostic Ω is thus more mathematically versatile than previous indices.
Application of singular matrix beams in the symmetrical problem of definition of eigenvalues

The generalized problem of eigenvalue and vectors for singular matrix beams is central in the class of problems of rational construction of computed spectral models of complex modular systems. Solving this problem provides an opportunity to solve these problems, what determined the relevance of this work. The design calculations of complex modular-modular systems have a multivariate character for ensuring their optimal characteristics due to variation within the permissible limits of the elastic-inertial parameters. In the general case such calculations acquire the character of structural-parametric synthesis, when the varied space is supplemented by corrective dynamic devices. The purpose of this article was to provide basic methods for carrying out these calculations. The approach based on the singular decomposition of characteristic matrices was taken as the basis of the research in this paper. This allowed the authors to propose a set of methods for solving this problem, adaptively taking into account the specifi city of the available input data. The theoretical signifi cance of the work lies in the development of the modern mathematical and algorithmic apparatus of singular matrix beams, and practical in developing a scientifi c and methodological basis for solving a corresponding class of applied problems of the dynamics of mechanical and electromechanical systems, for equivalent mathematical and simulation modeling of systems of this class.
Theoretical study of 2-phenylpyrrole molecule using various quantum-chemical approaches

Theoretical study of 2-phenylpyrrole molecule using various quantum-chemical approaches A systematic theoretical study of 2-phenylpyrrole (PhPy) is presented for its neutral and monocharged states. The calculations were performed using the semiempirical Austin Model 1 (AM1) method, ab initio Møller-Plesset perturbation theory up to the second-order (MP2), density functional theory (DFT) and its tight-binding approximation (DFTB+). The comparison of the obtained equilibrium geometries showed that the C—C bond lengths in the phenylene ring are practically identical for the neutral state. Electric charging leads to significant changes in the geometry with respect to the neutral state. The C—N bonds in PhPy are elongated and the negative charging produces the out-of-plane distortion of N—H bond from the aromatic ring plane. The anionic state of the investigated molecule is connected with a higher perturbation of bond length alternation in both rings in comparison to the cationic state. The vibrationaly broadened absorption spectra, based on the on-the-fly molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, are also presented and compared with experimental spectra. Although the DFTB+ method has the tendency to planarize the investigated molecular structure, the agreement of simulated absorption spectra based on the MD DFTB+ geometries with TD-DFT calculations is acceptable.
Switchable dual-wavelength Q -switched fiber laser using multilayer black phosphorus as a saturable absorber

Black phosphorus (BP), with thickness-dependent direct energy bandgaps (0.3–2 eV), shows an enhanced nonlinear optical response at near- and mid-infrared wavelengths. In this paper, we present experimentally multilayer BP flakes coated on microfiber (BCM) as a saturable absorber with a modulation depth of 16% and a saturable intensity of 6.8 MW/cm2. After inserting BCM into an Er-doped fiber ring laser, a stable dual-wavelength Q-switched state with central wavelengths of 1542.4 nm and 1543.2 nm (with wavelength spacing as small as 0.8 nm) is obtained with the aid of two cascaded fiber Bragg gratings as a coarse wavelength selector. Moreover, single-wavelength Q-switched operation at 1542.4 nm or 1543.2 nm is also realized, which can be switched between the two wavelengths flexibly just by adjusting the intracavity birefringence. These results suggest that BP combined with the cascaded fiber gratings can provide a simple and feasible candidate for a multiwavelength fiber laser. Our fiber laser may have potential applications in terahertz generation, laser radar, and so on.
Improvement of coal mine roof rating classification using fuzzy type-2

One of the main concerns of an underground coal mining engineer is the safety and stability of the mine. One way that the safety and stability can be ensured is to know and understand the coal mine geology and how it reacts to the mining process. One technique that has shown a lot of success in the coal mining industry for geologic technical evaluation purposes is the coal mine roof rating (CMRR). The CMRR classification is based on geotechnical data taken from the immediate roof layers within the mine. Since the uncertainty exists in geotechnical data, and CMRR process depends on the expert’s idea implicitly, the final value may be inaccurate. In this paper, the fuzzy type 2 is used to overcome this uncertainty. To design the fuzzy system for calculating the CMRR, only quantitative variables (UCS, spacing, and persistence) are considered as fuzzy inputs. Finally, the scores of CMRR and FCMRR for four units of Riccall mine are compared.
Luxembourg and France: Comparable Family Benefits, Comparable Fertility Levels?

The economic theory of the family as proposed by Becker (1981, 1991) predicts clearly the relationship between income (especially the mother's income) and fertility. Indeed, it assesses that an income effect and a substitution effect could coexist, whose net impact is thus to be determined empirically. Many authors have already attempted to do so, some interested in the effect of the woman's wage on fertility, others focusing on the effect of some family policy measures on the decision to have a first child. Our own analysis is situated in this latter framework. Using the Luxembourgish sample of the EU-SILC data, we estimate the effect observed in the Grand-Duchy and compare the result with those obtained in France, a country with quite similar family policies.
Uncertainties on the theoretical predictions for classical Cepheid pulsational quantities

Context. With their period-luminosity relation, “classical Cepheids” (CC) are the most common primary distance indicators within the Local Group, also providing an absolute calibration of important secondary distance indicators. However, the predicted position of these pulsators in the HR diagram, along the so called blue loop, that is the expected distribution of Cepheids within the instability strip is affected by several model inputs, reflecting upon the predicted PL relation. Aims. The aim of this work is to quantitatively evaluate the effects on the theoretical PL relation of current uncertainties on the chemical abundances of Cepheids in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and on several physical assumptions adopted in the evolutionary models. We will separately analyse how the different factors influence the evolutionary and pulsational observables and the resulting PL relation. Methods. To achieve this goal we computed new sets of updated evolutionary and pulsational models. Results. As a result, we find that present uncertainties on the most relevant H and He burning reaction rates do not influence in a relevant way the loop extension in temperature. On the contrary, current uncertainties on the LMC chemical composition significantly affect the loop extension and also reflect in the morphology of the instability strip; however their influence on the predicted pulsational parameters is negligible. We also discussed how overshooting and mass loss, sometimes suggested as possible solutions for the long-standing problem of the Cepheid mass discrepancy, influence the ML relation and the pulsational parameters. Conclusions. In summary, the present uncertainties on the physical inputs adopted in the evolutionary codes and in the LMC chemical composition are negligible for the prediction of the main pulsational properties. On the other hand, the inclusion of overshooting in the previous hydrogen burning phase and/or of mass loss is expected to significantly change the resulting theoretical pulsational scenario for Cepheids, as well as the calibration of their distance scale. These systematic effects are expected to influence the theoretical Cepheid calibration of the secondary distance indicators and in turn the resulting evaluation of the Hubble constant.
Stable isotope analysis of chironomid larvae from some Finnish forest lakes indicates dietary contribution from biogenic methane

Larval chironomids (mostly Chironomus tenuistylus) were collected from the sediments of five small forest lakes in southern Finland during summer 2002. Carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of larvae were determined by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Isotope ratio variability among 23 individuals from one lake was appreciable, with [ta13C showing a range spanning 1.6% and [ta15N values a range spanning 5.6%. Between the lakes, larvae showed considerable variation in [ta13C with values as low as –55%. [ta15N values were strongly correlated with [ta13C values. The 13C-depletion found in the benthic chironomid larvae correlated with that found previously in zooplankton from the same lakes. It is argued that the low [ta13C values are most likely attributable to incorporation of carbon from biogenic methane, and that methane production can therefore make an important contribution to benthic as well as to pelagic food webs in these small forest lakes.
Ambiguity and Optimal Portfolio Choice with Value-at-Risk Constraint

Integrating a Value-at-Risk constraint on a fund manager's wealth and ambiguity, we present a model of optimal portfolio choice for a fund manager who allocates her wealth between risky and riskless assets. When a fund manager controls asset composition, her reactions di er with respect to an increase in only risk aversion and only ambiguity aversion. When the sum of coecients of risk aversion and ambiguity aversion is fixed, the effect of risk aversion on risky investment dominates the effect of ambiguity aversion in that stock holdings are dramatically smaller in the absence of ambiguity aversion than in its presence.
A Comparative Review Of Conventional And Microwave AssistedExtraction In Capsaicin Isolation From Chili Pepper

In recent times, major concern had been placed on the economic importance of major constituents of chili pepper to oursociety; research work had therefore been extensively carried out on the conventional way of extracting this active component called capsaicin obtainable in different cultivars of locally grown peppers. However several drawbacks abound when isolating capsaicin using the conventional approach and these include high solvent consumption, low extraction yield, solvent contamination, higher cost of extraction and longer extraction time, among other factors. These set therefore necessitated the introduction of an improved method called microwave assisted extraction. This review therefore provided a simple theoretical background tocapsaicin leaching processusing different traditional methods witha careful comparativedescription of microwave potential for optimum extraction.