Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance and digestion by steers grazing tall fescue and supplemented with energy and protein.

We studied the effects of different levels of protein and energy supplementation on BW gains and sites of nutrient digestion in steers grazing the primary growth of endophyte-infected tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb cv. Kentucky 31). Angus steers (n = 168; mean BW = 246.8 +/- 15.0 kg) grazed tall fescue without supplementation (C) or were supplemented with 1.4 kg/d of cracked corn (CC1), 1.4 kg/d of corn gluten feed (CGF1), 2.8 kg/d of CC (CC2), 2.8 kg/d of CGF (CGF2), or . 7 kg/d of cornstarch and . 7 kg/d of corn gluten meal (CS-CGM) during an 85-d period in a randomized complete block design. Supplemented steers (S) had a higher (P = .03) ADG than the control steers (.64 vs .74 kg/d). There was an interaction (P = .02) between supplement type and level. Supplementation during the grazing period had no effect on subsequent feedlot ADG (average 1.3 kg/d). In a digestion study, Angus x Simmental steers (n = 4; 412 +/- 20.4 kg) fitted with cannulas in the esophagus, rumen, and duodenum grazed tall fescue (C), C + 3.1 kg/d CGF, C + 3.1 kg/d of cracked corn (CC), or C + 1.4 kg/d CS-CGM over four experimental periods in a Latin square design. The ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentration tended to be higher (P < .09) in C than in CGF and in CC (21.9 vs 19.2 mg/dL), but ruminal pH and total VFA concentration did not differ among treatments. Forage OM intakes were lower (P < .05) in steers supplemented with CC or CGF (an average of 7,570 g/d) than in C (9,658 g/d). Total OM intakes and digestibilities did not differ (P > .10) among treatments. Duodenal N flows and efficiencies of net ruminal microbial protein synthesis were not different (P > .10) among treatments. Supplementation of steers grazing primary growth of tall fescue improved animal gain but did not have a great effect on ruminal fermentation, OM digestion, or net ruminal microbial protein synthesis.
Three-Column Fixation for Complex Tibial Plateau Fractures

Objectives: 1) To introduce a computed tomography-based “three-column fixation” concept; and 2) to evaluate clinical outcomes (by using a column-specific fixation technique) for complex tibial plateau fractures (Schatzker classification Types V and VI). Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Level 1 trauma center. Patients: Twenty-nine cases of complex tibial plateau fractures were included. Based on routine x-ray and computed tomography images, all the fractures were classified as a “three-column fracture,” which means at least one separate fragment was found in lateral, medial, and posterior columns in the proximal tibia (Schatzker classification Types V and VI). Intervention: The patients were operated on in a “floating position” with a combined approach, an inverted L-shaped posterior approach combined with an anterior-lateral approach. All three columns of fractures were fixed. Outcome Measures: Operative time, blood loss, quality of reduction and alignment, fracture healing, complications, and functional outcomes based on Hospital for Special Surgery score and lower-extremity measure were recorded. Results: All the cases were followed for average 27.3 months (range, 24-36 months). All the cases had satisfactory reduction except one case, which had a 4-mm stepoff at the anterior ridge of the tibial plateau postoperatively. No case of secondary articular depression was found. One case had secondary varus deformity, one case had secondary valgus deformity, and two cases of screw loosening occurred postoperatively. No revision surgery was performed. Two cases had culture-negative wound drainage. No infection was noted. The average radiographic bony union time and full weightbearing time were 13.1 weeks (range, 11-16 weeks) and 16.7 weeks (range, 12-24 weeks), respectively. The mean Short Form 36, Hospital for Special Surgery score, and lower-extremity measure at 24 months postoperatively were 89 (range, 80-98), 90 (range, 84-98), and 87 (range, 80-95), respectively. The average range of motion of the affected knee was 2.7° to 123.4° at 2 years after the operation. Conclusion: Three-column fixation is a new fixation concept in treating complex tibial plateau fractures, which is especially useful for multiplanar fractures involving the posterior column. The combination of posterior and anterior-lateral approaches is a safe and effective way to have direct reduction and satisfactory fixation for such difficult tibial plateau fractures.
Relationship between perceived job-stress and glycosylated hemoglobin in white-collar workers.

Cesana et al. (1985) have indicated that glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) may be a potential measure of job-stress. To examine this observation further, a questionnaire study on job-stress and health-related behaviors together with measurement of HbAlc and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were conducted for 129 male white-collar workers at a multiphasic health examination. It was found that a total of 102 subjects with the FPG level lower than 110 mg/dl had received no medical treatment; the score of job-dissatisfaction was significantly correlated with their HbAlc level (p less than 0.05). None of possible confounders, i.e., age, job-overload, overtime, number of cigarettes per day, alcohol consumption, obesity and blood tests other than FPG, were significantly correlated with HbAlc; the score of job-dissatisfaction was not significantly correlated with the FPG level. It is indicated that HbAlc may be a sensitive measure of job-dissatisfaction; further studies are needed to clarify psychophysiological mechanisms underlying the effects of job-dissatisfaction on the HbAlc level.
Different Effects on Oestrogen Binding Sites and Anti-Oestrogenic Action of Danazol and Progesterone

Rabbit uterus contains type I and II oestrogen binding sites in the cytosol, and nuclear fractions. Oestrogen-stimulated increase in uterine weight was inhibited by concurrent treatment with progesterone or danazol. Oestrogen-induced type I binding sites were decreased by progesterone and to a lesser extent by danazol, while oestrogen-induced type II sites were decreased almost equally in the two groups. Neither progesterone nor danazol alone caused any detectable changes in uterine weight. These findings may suggest that the anti-oestrogenic effect on uterine weight is more correlated with the change in type II binding sites of oestrogen than that in type I sites. Thus, danazol may exert anti-oestrogenic actions through a pathway independent from that of progesterone.
Alternative Splicing Increases Complexity of Stem Cell Transcriptome

Development of highly anticipated stem cell-based therapies requires a detailedunderstanding of mechanisms regulating biological properties of these cells.Comprehensive identification of all biological molecules produced in stem cells is animportant step toward this goal. During the past several years, microarray studies haveessentially identified genes that are transcriptionally activated in various embryonic andadult stem cell populations. However, the extent of post-transcriptional modificationswithin the stem cell transcriptome remained undetermined. Recently, we presentedevidence that thousands of genes expressed in hematopoietic and embryonic stem cellsundergo alternative splicing. Using combined computational and experimental analyses,we found that the frequency of alternative splicing is especially high in tissue-specificgenes, as compared to ubiquitous genes. Our results also indicate that negative regulationof constitutively active splicing sites can be a prevalent mode for generation of splicingvariants, and that alternative splicing is generally not conserved between orthologousgenes in human and mouse. Here, we discuss the implications of our findings for stemcell biology, and present possible approaches toward genome-wide identification andcharacterization of splice variants.
Reaction of hydroxyl radical with phenylpropanoid glycosides from Pedicularis species: a pulse radiolysis study.

Using pulse radiolysis technique, the reaction between hydroxyl radical and 7 phenylpropanoid glycosides: echinacoside, verbascoside, leucosceptoside A, martynoside, pediculariosides A, M and N which were isolated from Pedicularis were examined. The rate constants of these reactions were determined by transient absorption spectra. All 7 phenylpropanoid glycosides react with hydroxyl radical at high rate constants within (0.97-1.91) x 10(10)L.mol-1.s-1, suggesting that they are effective hydroxyl radical scavengers. The results demonstrate that the numbers of phenolic hydroxyl groups of phenylpropanoid glycosides are directly related to their scavenging activities. The scavenging activities are likely related to o-dihydroxy group of phenylpropanoid glycosides as well.
Synthesis Rates of Cellular Proteins Involved in Translation and Protein Folding Are Strongly Altered in Response to Overproduction of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor by Recombinant Escherichia coli

The cellular response to temperature‐induced production of human basic fibroblast growth (bFGF) factor by recombinant E. coli (bacteriophage λ PRPL promoter/cI857 repressor expression system) was studied by one‐ and two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis. Temperature shift from 30 to 42 °C caused the induction of heat‐shock protein synthesis and the repression of synthesis of ribosomal proteins and the protein folding catalyst trigger factor. Compared to control cells, carrying the expression vector without structural bFGF gene cells, producing the heterologous protein exhibited a stronger increase in the synthesis rate of heat‐shock proteins ClpB (HtpM), DnaK, HtpG, GroEL, GrpE, and IbpB (HtpE) in response to temperature upshift. Unexpectedly, formation of the chaperone heat‐shock protein GroES was not detected after temperature shift to 42 °C in cells producing bFGF. In addition to amplified heat‐shock protein formation, the syntheses of ribosomal proteins and of the protein folding catalyst trigger factor were more severely repressed after temperature upshift in cells producing bFGF. In conclusion, the normal cellular stress response caused by the high inducing temperature was strongly amplified by heterologous protein synthesis. In particular, syntheses of proteins involved in translation and protein folding were affected by the overproduction of the heterologous protein.
Los paisajes agrarios de España. La evolución de la nueva horticultura y cultivos especializados frente a la agricultura tradicional en la España Atlántica

En este trabajo se analiza el paisaje de una de las areas agrarias espanolas donde los cambios y evolucion de una agricultura tradicional a una agricultura especializada han sido mas significativos. Ademas se le presta atencion a este paisaje agrario atlantico como patrimonio cultural, pues es producto de la explotacion economica del potencial ecologico realizado por las distintas sociedades agrarias y grupos humanos que a lo largo de la historia han ocupado, aprovechado y organizado los campos. Este trabajo se apoya en material grafico y fotografico para mostrar el patrimonio agrario de la Espana Atlantica. http://dx.doi. org/10.17127/got/2014.5. 007 Data de submissao: 2014-04-03 Data de aprovacao: 2014-05-28 Data de publicacao: 2014-06-30
Employee Morale During Downsizing

The experience of living with the possibility of redundancy, as well as watching others leave, has become part of the working experience of many UK employees. Whatever the corporate rationale, this "downsizing" is a personal rather than a bottom-line issue for those who survive it and who are ultimately responsible for the newly structured business's future success. Talk of "survivor syndrome" in the popular press has highlighted the dangers of generating a new breed of alienated employee, devoid of loyalty and commitment. How can employers maintain employee morale in times of such change?
Killer cell receptors: keeping pace with MHC class I evolution

Summary: NK cells express receptors that bind to polymorphic determinants of MHC class 1 heavy chains. MHC ligands vary greatly between mammalian species, and the use of distinct molecular families of NK ceil receptors by humans and mice suggests that the receptors too can be evolving rapidly. The KIR (killer cell inhibitory receptor) family of receptors are found in primates and recognize c lass I epitopes that are of relatively recent origin in primate evolution. Therefore. KIR molecules have probably evolved class I receptor function more recently than C type lectins, which are represented in both humans and mice. Individual humans express NK cell receptors for which they have no class I ligand. demonstrating a loose ness ill the coupling of expression between the receptors and their ligands. However, study of a single donor suggests that every NK cell expresses at least one inhibitory receptor for a self‐HLA class I allotype, consistent with the missing self hypothesis. Thus the NK‐cell receptor‐class I interaction appears to control the NK‐cell repertoire during ontogeny of the individual and has the potential to be a selective factor influencing both MHC class I and NK cell receptor diversity in the evolution of populations and species.
Hydrolysed fumonisin B1 and N-(deoxy-D-fructos-1-yl)-fumonisin B1: stability and catabolic fate under simulated human gastrointestinal conditions

Abstract Food processing may induce thermal degradation of fumonisins in corn via Maillard-type reactions, or alkaline hydrolysis via loss of the two tricarballylic acid moieties. In the former case, N-(1-deoxy-D-fructos-1-yl)-fumonisin B1 (NDF) can be formed, while the latter derivative is called hydrolysed fumonisin B1 (HFB1). The aim of this study was to deepen the knowledge about the gastrointestinal stability of HFB1 and NDF in humans. Due to the lack of standard, NDF was chemically synthesised and cleaned up in high purity to be used for further experiments. While NDF is already partially cleaved (about 41%) during simulated digestion, it remained rather stable towards human colon microflora. In contrast to this, HFB1 is partially metabolised by the colon microflora to unknown compounds after 24 h of fermentation, as seen by a loss of about 22%. Concluding, the cleavage of NDF during digestion as well as the likely metabolisation of HFB1 emphasise the need for animal trials to ascertain their toxicity in vivo.
Intracellular studies of hair cells in the mammalian cochlea.

1. Intracellular recordings were made from inner hair cells in the first turn of the guinea‐pig cochlea, the recording sites being confirmed by the injection of Procion yellow dye and subsequent histology. 2. The receptor potential, in response to a pure tone burst, consisted of an AC response which followed the wave form of the stimulus and was analogous to the extracellularly recorded cochlear microphonic and a depolarizating DC response which followed the envelope of the tone burst and was analogous to the extracellularly recorded summating potential. 3. The DC response was broadly tuned at high sound pressure having a maximal amplitude of 27 mV at a sound pressure level of ca. 100 db; however the bandwidth of the response was reduced at lower sound pressure level. Isoamplitude curves for the DC response were indistinguishable from the threshold curves for auditory nerve fibres. 4. The AC response was tuned in a similar fashion to the DC response except that it was attenuated at 6‐9 db/octave with respect to the DC response. It is suggested that this difference was due to the effect of membrane capacitance and resistance on the AC response. In contrast the extracellularly recorded AC component was not subject to this attenuation. 5. The total resistance and capacitance in three cells were found to be 46‐61 Momega and 7.8‐15.8 muF respectively. 6. Intracellular resistance changes were measured during sound stimulation, the resistance change being proportional to the DC receptor potential, indicating constant current flow through the hair cell. The current varied between 0.37 and 0.81 nA between cells. The time constant for seven cells was found to lie between 0.31 and 0.76 msec. 7. A map of the basilar membrane showing position of hair cells against characteristic frequency corresponded to the cut‐off frequencies of the basilar membrane mechanical measurements and the innervation sites of spiral ganglion cells.
Modification of Circadian Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Variability by Five Different Antihypertensive Agents in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Effects of captopril, clonidine, hydralazine, metoprolol, and prazosin on the circadian variability of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) as well as on BP and HR rises at awakening were studied in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). An on-line computerized system was used for continuous intraarterial (i.a.) recording of BP and HR. Drugs were infused intravenously (i.v.) with osmotic minipumps. Circadian BP patterns were more pronounced and variable in SHR than in Wistar-Kyoto normotensive control rats. HR patterns were similar in both groups. Antihypertensive treatment resulted in differential effects on the expression of the circadian BP and HR patterns in SHR. Reductions in BP variability and reductions in the awakening increase in BP were not correlated with the BP-lowering efficacy of agents. Treatment with clonidine reduced both circadian variability of BP and HR and the awakening increase. Prazosin reduced circadian BP variability and its awakening increase, whereas metoprolol reduced circadian HR variability only. Hydralazine and captopril did not cause any major effects on the circadian variability of BP and HR. These data indicate that circadian rhythms of BP and HR are under sympathetic control in SHR and are not influenced by nonsympatholytic vasodilators.
Structural elucidation and NMR spectral assignments of paraconfuranones I–M from the insect‐associated fungus Paraconiothyrium brasiliense

Furanones consisted of natural oxygenated heterocycles have been reported from various natural sources. Fungus-derived furanone metabolites include aspertetronins A-B and gregatins A-E isolated from Cephalosporium gregatum, graminin A from Cephalosporium gramineum, 704-I-704-IV from Aspergillus panamensis, penicilliols A-B from penicillium daleae K. M. Zalessky, huaspenones A-B from Aspergillus sp. XW-12, and graminin B from Paraconiothyrium sp. Microorganisms living within the insect inner gut system without causing diseases have proven to be potential sources of diverse chemical structures. In the course of our systematic researches on the utilization of Chinese herbs and fungal sources in Shennongjia Forest District, a National Natural Protection Region of China, a rare fungus Paraconiothyrium brasiliense was isolated from the gut of healthy Acrida cinerea collected from the aforementioned district. It should be noted that the genus Paraconiothyrium have rarely been chemically explored, some terpenoids and furanones had been reported to date. In the previous paper, we reported the isolation and structural elucidation of paraconfuranones A–H from the insectassociated fungus P. brasiliense. During the continual screening for bioactive furanone analogs, another five new furanones, paraconfuranones I–M (3–7), together with two known furanones (1–2) were obtained from the genus under different fermentation conditions. Furthermore, the neuroprotective activities of the isolated compounds 1–3 and 5–6 were evaluated by PC12 cell apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide, and the compound 3 exhibited significant neuroprotective activities. In this paper, we reported the isolation and complete assignments of H and C-NMR spectral data of compounds 1–7 by MS, 1D-NMR and 2D-NMR spectral analyses, and the neuroprotective activity evaluation of these compounds against hydrogen peroxideinduced PC12 cell damage.
Comparative Antagonism of Kainate‐activated Kainate and AMPA Receptors in Hippocampal Neurons

Native kainate receptors expressed by cultured hippocampal cells were studied in the whole‐cell configuration of the patch‐clamp technique by using a fast perfusion system. About 80% of the neurons expressed kainate receptors independently of the time in culture (0–4 days), which coincided with the number of cells immunoreactive for a monoclonal antibody against the GluR5/6/7 subunits. Three types of cells were considered: neurons in which the rapid application of kainate induced a rapidly desensitizing current, cells in which kainate induced a more slowly rising, non‐desensitizing, response and those in which a mixture of both responses was apparent. Steady responses induced by 300 μM kainate were inhibited by 6‐cyano‐7‐nitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione (CNQX) in a dose‐dependent manner (IC50= 0.92 μM). CNQX was less potent in blocking transient kainite‐induced responses (IC50= 6.1 μM). Responses to kainate, whether steady or transient, were also inhibited by NS102, showing poor selectivity for the transient response (IC50= 4.1 and 2.2 μM respectively). The new α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole (AMPA) receptor antagonist NS394 was very potent in inhibiting steady kainate‐induced currents (IC50= 0.45 μM), but was even more effective in preventing peak responses (IC50= 0.13 μM). In contrast, cyclothiazide did not affect transient kainate‐induced responses but did potentiate current induced by activation of AMPA receptors by AMPA or kainate. These results demonstrate the lack of complete selectivity amongst some available competitive antagonists for AMPA and kainate receptors, and indicate that kainate receptors expressed by hippocampal cells lack the cyclothiazide modulatory site present at AMPA receptors. In addition, the present data support the idea that low‐affinity kainate binding sites in the brain correspond to receptor channels selectively activated by kainate.
Hypersensitive sites in the 5' promoter region of nit-3, a highly regulated structural gene of Neurospora crassa

The nit-3 gene of the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa encodes nitrate reductase, the enzyme which catalyzes the first step in nitrate assimilation. The nit-3 gene is subject to a high degree of regulation by metabolic inducers and repressors, and its expression requires two distinct trans-acting regulatory proteins. Hypersensitive sites in the 5' DNA sequence upstream of the nit-3 gene were mapped with the use of three different nucleases as molecular probes. Six hypersensitive sites, three of which are very strong, were detected at essentially identical positions by all three nucleases. The hypersensitive sites appear to develop in a constitutive fashion and are present under conditions in which the nit-3 structural gene is expressed but also when this gene is inactive, although these sites are considerably less prominent in cells subjected to nitrogen catabolite repression. The presence of the hypersensitive sites appears to depend upon both the positively acting NIT2 and the positively acting NIT4 regulatory proteins, which might play a role in positioning of chromatin protein.
Broadband Dielectric-to-Half-Mode Air-Filled Substrate Integrated Waveguide Transition

This letter reports a broadband transition from dielectric-filled substrate integrated waveguide (DFSIW) to half mode air-filled substrate integrated waveguide (HM-AFSIW). The HM-AFSIW, demonstrated for the first time, is based on a multilayer printed circuit board (PCB) topology. Its fabrication involves three layers. The top and bottom substrates can make use of a low-cost standard substrate such as FR4. For our demonstration purpose, a back-to-back transition implementing a 10 mm-long HM-AFSIW operating over the entire <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Ka$</tex-math></inline-formula>-band is fabricated. It achieves measured return loss of better than <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-$</tex-math></inline-formula>15.9 dB and insertion loss of 0.79 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm$</tex-math></inline-formula> 0.25 dB (0.3 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm$</tex-math></inline-formula> 0.15 dB for the transition) from 26 to 40 GHz. This transition is of interest for interconnecting dielectric-loss-free components based on HM-AFSIW including, for example, leaky wave antennas.