Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An efficient cutting plane algorithm for the minimum weighted elementary directed cycle problem in planar digraphs

In this paper, we study the efficiency (both theoretically and computationally) of a class of valid inequalities for the minimum weighted elementary directed cycle problem (MWEDCP) in planar digraphs with negative weight elementary directed cycles. These valid inequalities are called cycle valid inequalities and are parametrized by an integer called inequality’s order. From a theoretical point of view, we prove that separating cycle valid inequalities of order 1 in planar digraph can be done in polynomial time. From a computational point of view, we present a cutting plane algorithm featuring the efficiency of a lifted form of the cycle valid inequalities of order 1. In addition to these lifted valid inequalities, our algorithm is also based on a mixed integer linear formulation of the MWEDCP. The computational results are carried out on randomly generated planar digraph instances of the MWEDCP. For all 29 instances considered, we obtain in average 26.47% gap improvement. Moreover, for some of our instances the strengthening process directly displays the optimal integer elementary directed cycle.
Radiative principles for efficient RF transmission at UHF : radiative antennas and travelling waves

RF coils can be classified in RF receive coils and RF transmit coils. RF receive coil are designed to create a maximal sensitivity to the NMR signals emitted by the spins while picking up a minimal amount of thermal noise. The function of RF transmit coils is to generate a homogeneous B1+ field in the imaging region while inducing minimal RF power deposition that results in undesired RF tissue heating. At lower field strengths ( ≤ 3T) receive coils generally consists of loop type coils that are placed in close contact to the target region for maximal signal coupling. The RF transmit field is at low fields exclusively applied by the socalled birdcage resonator [1] The key feature of the birdcage coil is that it is tuned to support two degenerate resonant modes that are driven in quadrature to create a circularly polarized RF magnetic field (B1+) that rotates at the same frequency and direction as the precessing spins. The introduction of the birdcage coils was a tremendous step forward in creating homogeneous and efficient spin excitation enable over a large volume. The loop as well as the birdcage coil is based upon a resonant operation, meaning that the currents are maximized by tuning them with lumped elements inserted in the coil conductors (capacitors) to resonance. In this way the reactive energy stored in the electric fields and magnetic fields is maximized. Every period of oscillation the energy contained by the resonance converges from purely electric energy, mainly stored in the capacitors, into magnetic energy stored in the near field region of the coil. Ideally, this leads to an advantageous situation where the sample (usually a human subject) resides in the near field region with large magnetic field and the electric fields, causing undesired losses and tissue heating, are screened from the human subject. The quality factor of a coil, defined as the stored energy over the losses per oscillation cycle, is a good measure of the realization of this state. This type of coupling is known as reactive coupling and the magnetic fields in the near field are directly related to the currents in the coil through the law of Biot-Savart (eq. 1).
The VFO state-constrained stabilisation of the nonholonomic manipulator with limited control input

This article considers the state-constrained set-point feedback control problem for a configuration of the 3-link nonholonomic manipulator kinematics with amplitude-limited control inputs. The proposed solution results from applying the original, geometrical in nature, Vector-field-orientation (VFO) control strategy, which makes use of the intrinsic features of the manipulator kinematics. The concept does not involve any state transformation in contrast to the commonly applied solutions based on a chained-form conversion of the original model. The general formulation of the VFO approach makes it possible to derive a family of VFO controllers guaranteeing convergence of the configuration error to the assumed neighbourhood of zero. The VFO concept together with an additional switching strategy and input scaling procedure preserves both the state constraints and the control limitations. The effectiveness of the control scheme is illustrated by simulations.
Determination of the magnetic ground state in the martensite phase of Ni–Mn–Z (Z = In, Sn and Sb) off-stoichiometric Heusler alloys by nonlinear AC susceptibility

DC and AC magnetic measurements were carried out to clarify the difference in the magnetic ground state depending on the kinds of Z element used in the martensite phase in Ni–Mn–Z (Z = In, Sn and Sb) off-stoichiometric Heusler alloys. Magnetic field cooling effects were observed in the DC thermomagnetization curves in the low temperature regions, and a frequency dependence on AC susceptibility was also observed in both real and imaginary parts of the susceptibility. Negative divergence was clearly observed in nonlinear AC susceptibility only for the Ni50Mn40Sb10 alloy, suggesting that the magnetic feature of its ground state is the spin-glass state. The magnetic ground state of the martensite phase in these alloys would relate to the magnetic configuration of the Mn atoms in the ferromagnetic austenite phase.
Applying Dragonfly Algorithm for Feature Selection Optimizing in Machine Learning Classification

Feature selection plays a crucial role in the domain of machine learning, serving as an essential mission. Eliminating redundant and irrelevant attributes can enhance the learning process by increasing the learning rate, improving accuracy, and enhancing classifier performance. The primary objectives of feature selection encompass the creation of models that are more understandable and user-friendly, the enhancement of data mining efficiency, and the facilitation of data cleaning and organization for subsequent analysis. Metaheuristic algorithms have garnered considerable attention due to their prowess in solving many optimization problems such as feature section, in this paper using Dragonfly algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed methodologies is evaluated on three benchmark datasets obtained from the Kaggle repository: the heart disease dataset, the Vehicle-Coupon-Recommendation dataset, and the Predict Diabetes dataset. Three machine learning classifiers—namely, Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), AdaBoost, and Bagging—are utilized in this assessment. This approach yields an impressive accuracy rate of 85.71%. In contrast, when all features are included in the training process, the accuracy drops to a lower value of 83.51%.
Proline incorporation into protein by Rickettsia prowazekii during growth in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells

Both the requirement of Rickettsia prowazekii for the amino acid proline for growth and rickettsial proline incorporation were determined in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells auxotrophic for proline. Incubation of cells in Dulbecco modified Eagle medium supplemented with various concentrations of proline resulted in a range of host intracellular proline pools, as determined by both dansylation and equilibration of specific radioactivities. Maximal rickettsial growth was observed only in host cells with an intracellular proline pool of 1.0 mM or greater. Protein synthesis by rickettsiae in infected cells was determined to be the difference between emetine-resistant proline incorporation in the presence and absence of chloramphenicol. After density gradient centrifugation in Percoll, a rickettsial band with associated radioactivity was observed in lysates of infected cells treated with emetine but not in lysates of infected cells treated with both emetine and chloramphenicol. The average amount of proline incorporated into protein in situ was determined to be 6.3 +/- 0.8 amol per rickettsia. These results, obtained with a system which allows the study of rickettsiae in their natural habitat, are discussed in light of existing information about protein synthesis in isolated rickettsiae.
Germ cell transplantation in goats

Transplantation of spermatogonial stem cells provides a unique approach for the study of spermatogenesis and manipulation of the male germ line. This technique may also offer an alternative to the currently inefficient methods of producing transgenic domestic animals. We have recently established the technique of spermatogonial transplantation, originally developed in laboratory rodents, in pigs, and this study was aimed to extend the technique to the goat. Isolated donor testis cells were infused into the seminiferous tubules of anesthetized recipient goats through an ultrasonographically‐guided catheter inserted into the rete testis. Donor cells were obtained by enzymatic digestion of freshly collected testes from immature goats (either from the recipients' contralateral testis or from unrelated donors). Prior to transplantation, testis cells were labeled with a fluorescent marker to allow identification after transplantation. Recipient testes were examined for the presence and localization of labeled donor cells at 3‐week intervals up to 12 weeks after transplantation. Labeled donor cells were found in the seminiferous tubules of all testes, comprising 10–35% of the examined tubules. Histological examination of the recipient testes did not reveal evident tissue damage, except for limited fibrotic changes at the site of needle insertion. Likewise there were no detectable local or systemic signs of immunologic reactions to the transplantations. These results indicate that germ cell transplantation is technically feasible in immature male goats and that donor‐derived cells are retained in the recipient testis for at least three months and through puberty. This study represents the first report of germ cell transplantation in goats. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 64: 422–428, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Implementation of 10bit SerDes for Gigabit Ethernet PHY

Serializer/Deserializer (SerDes) is a pair of functional block which play a vital role in many electronic devices used for high speed communication. The basic SerDes function is made up of two functional blocks: the Parallel In Serial Out (PISO) block and the Serial In Parallel Out (SIPO) block. An efficient SerDes offer high speed and low power consumption. In this paper an attempt is made to optimize the design for high speed and low power SerDes for wideband communication such as Ethernet applications. The power consumption and data transfer rate of the proposed design was calculated to be 737 mWand 25Gb/s respectively.
Dynamic bilateral contrast-enhanced MR imaging of the breast: trade-off between spatial and temporal resolution.

PURPOSE To investigate prospectively the trade-off between temporal and spatial resolution in dynamic contrast material-enhanced bilateral magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the breast. MATERIALS AND METHODS Informed consent and institutional review board approval were obtained. An intraindividual comparative study was performed in 30 patients (mean age, 53 years; age range, 27-70 years) with a total of 54 enhancing lesions (28 benign and 26 malignant) who underwent dynamic MR imaging of the breast twice, once with a standard dynamic protocol (256 x 256 matrix, 69 seconds per acquisition) and once on a separate day with a modified dynamic protocol (400 x 512 matrix, 116 seconds per acquisition). Systematic qualitative analysis of morphologic features and region-of-interest-based analysis of enhancement kinetics were performed. RESULTS A statistically significant difference (generalized linear modeling) in enhancement rates of benign versus malignant lesions was lost when moving from the standard to the modified dynamic protocol. Kinetic information on signal intensity time course patterns was preserved. Delineation of lesion margins and internal architecture was clearly superior with the modified dynamic protocol, which allowed identification of lesion features associated with high positive predictive value or high negative predictive value for breast cancer. Ten benign lesions classified as Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category 3 with the standard protocol were correctly downgraded to BI-RADS category 2 with the modified protocol owing to visualization of internal septations. Thirteen malignant lesions categorized as BI-RADS category 3 or 4 with the standard protocol were correctly upgraded to BI-RADS category 4 or 5 with the modified protocol owing to visualization of spicules or rim enhancement. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed a significantly larger area under the curve for results obtained with the modified dynamic protocol. CONCLUSION Increased spatial resolution significantly improves diagnostic confidence and accuracy at dynamic MR imaging, even if this improvement occurs at the expense of temporal resolution. Loss of kinetic information regarding enhancement rates proved to be not diagnostically relevant because enhancement rates showed broad overlap between benign and malignant lesions and were therefore of only limited diagnostic use in the individual patient. Kinetic information regarding time course pattern was preserved and confirmed as having high specificity and high positive predictive value.
INVESTIGATION ON A TEST OF HISTOCOMPATIBILITY FOR ALLOGENEIC GRAFTS: II. A Study on Rabbits*

&NA; A histocompatibility test has been studied; it consists of evaluating the degree of histocompatibility between two subjects A and B, according to the intensity of preimmunization against B of a third subject C, induced by a graft from subject A. The application of this test to different stocks of rabbits has demonstrated that it can determine with good probability the relationship of the graft antigenicity.
Trends in clinical encounters for pelvic inflammatory disease and epididymitis in a national sample of Australian general practices

Trends in the frequency of clinical encounters for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and epididymitis in Australian general practice were determined via a national representative study of general practice activity between 1998 and 2003. Information was derived from 502,100 general practice encounters that occurred during the study period. An estimated 59,200 encounters for PID and 54,200 encounters for epididymitis took place in Australian general practice each year. Despite increases in national notification rates for Chlamydia trachomatis, over the study period overall encounter rates did not change significantly for either condition, and a fall in encounter rates for PID of about 50% occurred among women aged 15–34 years (P=0.02). Only 0.3% of encounters for PID and 1.9% of those for epididymitis resulted in hospital referral. On a population level, trends in the incidence of chlamydia-related diseases do not necessarily parallel those of reported chlamydia rates.
Nutraceuticals and amyloid neurodegenerative diseases: a focus on natural phenols

A common molecular feature of amyloid neurodegenerative diseases is the unfolding/misfolding of specific proteins/peptides which consequently become prone to aggregate into toxic assemblies and deposits that are the key histopathological trait of these pathologies. Apart from the rare early-onset familiar forms, these neurodegenerative diseases are age-associated disorders whose symptoms appear in aged people after long incubation periods. This makes the therapeutic approach particularly compelling and boosts the search for both early diagnostic tools and preventive approaches. In this last respect, natural compounds commonly present in foods and beverages are considered promising molecules, at least on the bench side. The so-called ‘nutraceutical approach’ suggests life-long healthy diets, particularly focusing on food molecules that are candidates to enter clinical trials as such or following a targeted molecular engineering. Natural phenols abundant in ‘healthy’ foods such as extra virgin olive oil, red wine, green tea, red berries and spices, appear particularly promising.
Introduction to topological superconductivity and Majorana fermions

This short review paper provides a pedagogical introduction to the rapidly growing research field of Majorana fermions in topological superconductors. We first discuss in some detail the simplest ‘toy model’ in which Majoranas appear, namely a one-dimensional tight-binding representation of a p-wave superconductor, introduced more than 10 years ago by Kitaev. We then give a general introduction to the remarkable properties of Majorana fermions in condensed matter systems, such as their intrinsically non-local nature and exotic exchange statistics, and explain why these quasiparticles are suspected to be especially well suited for low-decoherence quantum information processing. We also discuss the experimentally promising (and perhaps already successfully realized) possibility of creating topological superconductors using semiconductors with strong spin–orbit coupling, proximity-coupled to standard s-wave superconductors and exposed to a magnetic field. The goal is to provide an introduction to the subject for experimentalists or theorists who are new to the field, focusing on the aspects which are most important for understanding the basic physics. The text should be accessible for readers with a basic understanding of quantum mechanics and second quantization, and does not require knowledge of quantum field theory or topological states of matter.
Expression of nitric oxide synthase and guanylate cyclase in the human ciliary body and trabecular meshwork.

BACKGROUND The role played by the nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway in the aqueous humor dynamics is still unclear. This study was designed to investigate the expression and distribution of NO synthase (NOS) isoforms and guanylate cyclase (GC) in human ciliary body, trabecular meshwork and the Schlemm's canal. METHODS Twelve eyes after corneal transplantation were used. Expression of three NOS isoforms (i.e. neuronal NOS (nNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS)) and GC were assessed in 10 eyes by immunohistochemical staining using monoclonal or polyclonal antibody of NOS and GC. Ciliary bodies were dissected free and the total proteins were extracted. Western blotting was performed to confirm the protein expression of 3 NOS isoforms and GC. RESULTS Expression of 3 NOS isoforms and GC were observed in the ciliary epithelium, ciliary muscle, trabecular meshwork and the endothelium of the Schlemm's canal. Immunoreactivity of nNOS was detected mainly along the apical cytoplasmic junction of the non-pigmented epithelium (NPE) and pigmented epithelial (PE) cells. Protein expressions of 3 NOS isoforms and GC were confirmed in isolated human ciliary body by Western blotting. CONCLUSIONS The expression of NOS isoforms and GC in human ciliary body suggest the possible involvement of NO and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cyclic GMP, cGMP) signaling pathway in the ciliary body, and may play a role in both processes of aqueous humor formation and drainage.
A Noninverting Buck–Boost DC–DC Switching Converter With High Efficiency and Wide Bandwidth

A novel dc-dc switching converter consisting of a boost stage cascaded with a buck converter with their coils magnetically coupled is presented. The disclosed converter has the same step-up or step-down voltage conversion properties than the single inductor noninverting buck-boost converter but exhibits nonpulsating I/O currents. The converter control-to-output transfer function is continuous between operation modes if a particular magnetic coupling is selected. The addition of a damping network improves the dynamics and results in a control-to-output transfer function that has, even in boost mode, two dominant complex poles without right-half-plane zeros. An example shows that an output voltage controller can be designed with the same well-known techniques usually applied to the second-order buck regulator. Details of a prototype and experimental results including efficiency, frequency, and time domain responses are presented. The experimental results validate the theoretical expected advantages of the converter, namely, good efficiency, wide bandwidth, and simplicity of control design.
Discovering topics from qualitative responses of a disaster preparedness e-participation system

In this paper, we explore the task of using topic modeling as an automated approach to analyze opinions, ideas, and other inputs on disaster risk reduction (DRR) gathered from local communities that have been victims of Philippine disasters. In particular, we used Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) algorithm and k-means clustering with TF-IDF, and examined topics surfacing from such outputs. Our topics show that respondents from these disaster-stricken communities focus their concerns more on improving their barangay's disaster response and preparedness. The results of both LDA and k-means clustering with TF-IDF showed similarity up to a certain degree. The resulting analyses can be presented to stakeholders towards developing policies and procedures to mitigate the effects of disasters. Future works include increasing the data size and automating topic labeling.
Delayed Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Induced Apoptosis in Cells Expressing Truncated Forms of CD4

ABSTRACT It has been reported previously that cells expressing a truncated form of CD4 which lacks the cytoplasmic tail of the molecule (truncation at position 402) were not sensitive to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-induced apoptosis in an acute-phase model of infection (J. Corbeil, M. Tremblay, and D. D. Richman, J. Exp. Med. 183:39–48, 1996). The role played by the cytoplasmic domain of CD4 in HIV-1-induced apoptosis was reexamined here with clones of A2.01 cells expressing different forms of CD4 and the DNA intercalant YOPRO-1 assay. Six days after virus exposure, we found evidence of apoptosis in A2.01 cells expressing the wild-type CD4 (A2.01/CD4), whereas enhanced apoptosis remained absent in cultures of A2.01/CD4.401 and A2.01/CD4.403 cells (A2.01 cells which express CD4.401 and CD4.403 molecules with truncations at positions 401 and 403, respectively). However, cell death by apoptosis measured with YOPRO-1 was found in cultures of A2.01/CD4.401 and A2.01/CD4.403 cells 15 days after virus exposure. This result was confirmed with a terminal dUTP nick end-labeling assay and propidium iodide staining. The long lag time postinfection required for apoptosis to be observed in cultures of infected cells expressing truncated forms of CD4 was due to the delayed viral replication in these cells, as shown by monitoring of the viral reverse transcriptase activity and HIV-1 p24 gag antigen expression. These results emphasize the relationship between virus replication and cell death by apoptosis.