Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Milk Coagulation Time: Linear Relationship with Inverse of Rennet Activity

Abstract The extent to which time for milk coagulation is linear with the inverse of enzyme activity was investigated. The Formagraph can be used to measure time for coagulation of milk over a range of rennet activity. Linearity of coagulation time versus inverse of enzyme activity exists within the range of concentration . 0011 RU/ml to . 16 RU/ml, which represents relative variation in rennet activity of 1:140.
Scheduling drip irrigation for ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) grown under straw and bark mulch

Responses of ginseng to drip irrigation regimes and organic mulches were determined in two experiments beginning in 1998 and 1999. Treatments were four soil water content thresholds for irrigation: 0, 0.08, 0.12 and 0.16 m3 m-3 (θ0, θ8, θ12, and θ16, respectively); combined with either straw or bark mulch. In its first growing season, ginseng did not require irrigation in 1999 or 2000. In subsequent years, irrigation was generally more frequent when applied at higher moisture threshold levels, but precipitation affected irrigation frequency under all treatments. Water use increased with crop age to 3yr, to about 65% of the requirement of unshaded horticultural crops. Seed yield from 3-yr-old plants under straw mulch in 2001 was greater in response to θ12 and θ16 than to θ8 or θ0. Root yield response to irrigation threshold was linear for 2- and 3-yr- old plants under straw mulch in 2001, and quadratic for 3-yr-old plants under bark mulch in 2002. The optimal threshold to initiate drip irrigation was appro.
Cytoplasmic polyamines block the fast‐activating vacuolar cation channel

Summary The fast-activating vacuolar (FV) channel dominates the electrical characteristics of the tonoplast at physiological free Ca2+ concentrations. Since polyamines are known to increase in plant cells in response to stress, the regulation of FV channels by polyamines was investigated. Patch-clamp measurements were performed on whole barley (Hordeum vulgare) mesophyll vacuoles and on excised tonoplast patches. The trivalent polyamine spermidine and the tetravalent polyamine spermine blocked FV channels with Kd≈ 100 μM and Kd≈ 5 μM, respectively. Increasing cytosolic and vacuolar Ca2+ had no effect on putrescine and spermidine binding to FV channels but slightly decreased the affinity for spermine. The inhibition of FV channels by all three polyamines was not voltage-dependent. This points to a different mode of binding compared to inward rectifier K+ channels and Ca2+-permeable glutamate receptor channels from animal cells, which show rectification due to a voltage-dependent block by polyamines. In plant cells, the common polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) are likely to mediate a salt stress-induced decrease of ion flux across the vacuolar membrane by blocking FV channels.
Robust Cherry Tomatoes Detection Algorithm in Greenhouse Scene Based on SSD

The detection of cherry tomatoes in greenhouse scene is of great significance for robotic harvesting. This paper states a method based on deep learning for cherry tomatoes detection to reduce the influence of illumination, growth difference, and occlusion. In view of such greenhouse operating environment and accuracy of deep learning, Single Shot multi-box Detector (SSD) was selected because of its excellent anti-interference ability and self-taught from datasets. The first step is to build datasets containing various conditions in greenhouse. According to the characteristics of cherry tomatoes, the image samples with illumination change, images rotation and noise enhancement were used to expand the datasets. Then training datasets were used to train and construct network model. To study the effect of base network and the input size of networks, one contrast experiment was designed on different base networks of VGG16, MobileNet, Inception V2 networks, and the other contrast experiment was conducted on changing the network input image size of 300 pixels by 300 pixels, 512 pixels by 512 pixels. Through the analysis of the experimental results, it is found that the Inception V2 network is the best base network with the average precision of 98.85% in greenhouse environment. Compared with other detection methods, this method shows substantial improvement in cherry tomatoes detection.
Bacterial Denitrification: Asset or Defect?

Certain bacteria substitute nitrate for 02 in a form of anaerobic respiration called denitrification. Nitrite and N20 are confirmed intermediates; NO may be too, and N2 is the final product. Specific reductases catalyze each step after electrons pass the cytochrome b level. Much plant nutrient nitrogen is lost to denitrification, but unknown benefits may also result. (Accepted for publication 17 December 1982)
Phenology and climate – early Australian botanical records

Historical information from the Hobart Botanical Gardens (1864–1885) was used to identify species and phenological phases that were responsive to climatic variations and have the potential to be used as climate change indicators in southern Australia. Of the 49 species considered, 26 (53%) had at least one phenophase that appeared to be driven by changes in rainfall, minimum temperature, or both. This was particularly true for fruiting species, including currants, pears and plums, and for the phenophases harvest commencement, seed ripening or fall, and fruit ripening.
Data-Flow Analyses as Effects and Graded Monads

In static analysis, two frameworks have been studied extensively: monotone data-ﬂow analysis and type-and-eﬀect systems. Whilst both are seen as general analysis frameworks, their relationship has remained unclear. Here we show that monotone data-ﬂow analyses can be encoded as eﬀect systems in a uniform way, via algebras of transfer functions. This helps to answer questions about the most appropriate structure for general eﬀect algebras, especially with regards capturing control-ﬂow precisely. Via the perspective of capturing data-ﬂow analyses, we show the recent suggestion of using eﬀect quantales is not general enough as it excludes non-distributive analyses e.g., constant propagation . By rephrasing the McCarthy transformation, we then model monotone data-ﬂow eﬀects via graded monads . This provides a model of data-ﬂow analyses that can be used to reason about analysis correctness at the semantic level, and to embed data-ﬂow analyses into type systems.
The Economic Impact of Individual Fires on the Whole Forest

A method is presented whereby the economic impact of a forest fire can be calculated, not just on the burned stand alone, but on the entire area under management. The main question is whether, when the burned area would have been ready for harvesting, another area will be substituted in its place. If so, then the economic impact is diffused throughout all stands younger or less desirable than the burned one, and the present value of the burned stand only may not be a fair measure of loss. The true loss would be, instead, the change in present value of the whole forest as a result of the fire. Some examples are given, and the effects of varying the rates of interest and forest growth are illustrated.
Experimental vertical transmission of nodavirus from broodfish to eggs and larvae of the sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L)

Adult broodstock sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.), were intramuscularly inoculated with live Sb-Atl nodavirus strain and maintained at two different water temperatures (13 and 20 � C) until spawning. Each spawn was then incubated separately in UV treated water for 3 days and newly hatched larvae reared for 22 days at 13–15 � C. The inoculated broodfish developed a specific immune response following inoculation with the live virus and specific antibodies were detected in the sera of all the inoculated fish whatever the temperature used (13 and 20 � C). Specific nodavirus antigen was also detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and nested reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the brain and the liver of these fish. Vertical transmission of the nodavirus disease was demonstrated following inoculation of the broodfish with the live virus strain, as typical lesions associated with the nodavirus antigen were detected by immunohistochemistry in the brain of larvae at days 14–22 following hatching. The eggs from seven inoculated females that spawned during the experiment were tested for nodavirus by antigen ELISA, RT-PCR and nested RT-PCR. Fertilized and non-fertilized eggs, as well as developing larvae, were found nodavirus positive using these techniques. However, the nested RT-PCR was the only technique that could detect the nodavirus in ovarian biopsies before spawning. Therefore, the selection of nodavirus-free sea bass broodstock cannot be achieved by ELISA or RT-PCR testing of ovarian biopsies. Alternative methods such as serum nodavirus antibody detection of broodstock and/or nested RT-PCR testing of eggs before spawning should be used.
Response to Smith’s comment

1 State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China 2 Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China 3 State Key laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, 1 Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China * Correspondence address. State Key laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, 1 Jinming Avenue, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China. Tel: +86-371-2388-1006; Fax: +86-371-2388-2029; E-mail: swan@henu.edu. cn
Variation in Resin-well Construction as an Indicator of Predation Load and Breeder Experience in Red-cockaded Woodpecker Populations

The pine forest of the southeastern coastal plain supports a rich assemblage of cavity nesting birds. Unlike some regions, most primary and secondary cavity nesters experience high rates of nest predation. Rat snakes (Elaphe spp.) are proficient tree climbers and are well-documented nest predators throughout the red-cockaded woodpecker's (Picoides borealis) range. Nesting success of this species, however, is relatively high. This woodpecker is well-known for excavating cavities in living pine trees as well as excavating moderate to small holes or resin wells above and below its cavities, and scaling loose bark from around them. These behaviors create a surface around the cavity entrance that is difficult for snakes to climb. Despite these protective behaviors, snakes successfully depredate some nests. This suggests that variation may exist in individual woodpecker investment in cavity protective behaviors. To explore the usefulness of resin-well construction on cavity trees as an indicator of predation an.
Supervised Filter Learning for Coronary Artery Vesselness Enhancement Diffusion in Coronary CT Angiography Images

In medical imaging, vesselness diffusion is usually performed to enhance the vessel structures of interest and reduce background noises, before vessel segmentation and analysis. Numerous learning-based techniques have recently become very popular for coronary artery filtering due to their impressive results. In this work, a supervised machine learning method for coronary artery vesselnessdiffusionwithhighaccuracyandminimaluserinteractionisdesigned.Thefullydiscriminativefilterlearningmethod jointlylearningaclassifiertheweaklearnersrelyonandthefeaturesoftheclassifierisdeveloped.Experimentalresultsdemon-stratethatthisschemeachievesgoodisotropicfilteringperformancesonbothsyntheticandrealpatientCoronaryComputed TomographyAngiography(CCTA)datasets.Furthermore,regiongrowing-basedsegmentationapproachisperformedoverfil-teredimagesobtainedbyusingdifferentschemes.Theproposeddiffusionschemeisabletoachievehigheraverageperformance measures(87.8% ± 1.5% for Dice, 86.5% ± 1.3% for Precision and 88.5% ± 2.6% for Sensitivity). In conclusion, the developed diffusion method is capable of filtering coronary artery structures and suppressing nonvessel tissues, and can be further used in clinical practice as a real-time CCTA
Understory structure in two successional stages of a Semi-deciduous Seasonal Forest remnant of Southern Brazil

O conhecimento da estrutura e composicao dos estratos florestais contribui para a compreensao do estado de conservacao e dinâmica das comunidades vegetais. O estudo do estrato inferior florestal e importante para o conhecimento sobre os processos de sucessao. O remanescente de Floresta Subtropical Estacional denominado Mato do Silva (27o 55' 26" S e 53o 53' 15" O) foi estudado objetivando descrever a estrutura do estrato arbustivo na floresta em estadio avancado de sucessao e na floresta secundaria, sendo esta formada em uma antiga area agricola abandonada ha 11 anos, e que possui estrato superior dominado por timbo (Ateleia glazioveana Baill.). A amostragem fitossociologica foi realizada atraves do metodo de quadrantes e incluiu individuos de especies lenhosas arbustivas e arboreas entre 0,5 e 3 m de altura. Foram amostrados 384 individuos na area de floresta avancada (67 especies) e 284 na area de floresta secundaria (20 especies). Foram observadas 79 especies no total, e somente oito ocorreram em ambas as areas. A diversidade especifica (H') foi de 3,45 e 2,42 nats, respectivamente. O indice J de equitabilidade foi 0,85 para LF e 0,80 para SF, respectivamente. Na area de floresta estacional avancada, destacaram-se Cupania vernalis Camb. e Psychotria leiocarpa Mull. Arg. , enquanto que na floresta secundaria A. glazioveana e Solanum mauritianum Scop. As especies esciofilas ou secundarias tardias foram dominantes no estrato inferior da floresta estacional avancada, enquanto que na floresta secundaria predominaram as especies arboreas pioneiras e secundarias iniciais. Alem disso, certas especies dominantes na floresta secundaria estao ausentes no estrato inferior da floresta avancada, tais como A. glazioveana, Solanum compressum L. B. Sm. & Downs, Helietta apiculata Benth. e Gledtisia amorphoides (Griseb.) Taubert, o que indica que estas especies estao associadas a estadios iniciais de sucessao florestal. G. amorphoides e considerada em perigo de extincao, e os estadios sucessionais iniciais podem ser necessarios para a conservacao desta especie. Observou-se uma reducao do pH e concentracao de nutrientes minerais associada ao processo sucessional, o que indica transferencia de nutrientes para a biomassa aerea.
Nimotuzumab Combined with Induction Chemotherapy and Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in Unresectable Locally Advanced Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Single Institution Experience in China

Objective To investigate the curative and adverse effects (AEs) of additional use of nimotuzumab combined with induction chemotherapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy in unresectable locoregionally advanced hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Patients and Methods We retrospectively evaluated 36 patients with stage III or IVA hypopharyngeal carcinoma who received induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy with or without nimotuzumab. The induction chemotherapy included two or three cycles of TPF regimen. The intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) dose was 70 Gy to the planning target volume. Concurrent with radiotherapy, patients received chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin q3w. Adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of TPF regimen was administered 1 month later after concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Nimotuzumab (200 mg day 1, q3w) was given to patients concurrently with induction chemotherapy and was administered concurrently with IMRT at a weekly dose of 200 mg. Results After induction chemotherapy, the objective response rate in patients treated with nimotuzumab (group A) versus those treated without nimotuzumab (group B) was 91.7% versus 58.3% (p=0.029). After concurrent chemoradiotherapy, the objective response rate was 95.8% in group A versus 83.3% in group B (p=0.253). The median follow-up was 22.6 months (range 8.9–39.5 months). The 2-year OS rate in group A and group B were 62.5% (95% CI 55–70%) and 51.8% (95% CI 45–59%), respectively, the 2-year OS rate in group A was better than group B, P<0.05. PFS was 23 months (95% CI 19–27) in group A versus 18 months (95% CI 12–22) in group B, PFS was longer in group A than group B, P<0.05. There was no significant difference in AEs between the two groups. Conclusion Additional use of nimotuzumab combined with induction chemotherapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy in unresectable locoregionally advanced hypopharyngeal carcinoma yielded better short-term efficacy, also may improve overall survival and progression-free survival than patients without using nimotuzumab. The toxicity was tolerable.
At the Archaic/Modern Boundary of the Genus Homo: The Neandertals From Grotta Breuil

Monte Circeo is a promontory on the Tyrrhenian coast of central Italy (Latium), facing the Mediterranean ioo km south of Rome. Almost 40 caves along its coastal base have been discovered by Alberto Carlo Blanc and other researchers since I935 (Blanc I939, Blanc and Segre I953); more than one-fourth of these karst openings (e.g., Guattari, Le Capre, Fossellone, Barbara, Maga Circe, Breuil) contain preserved Pleistocene deposits and archaeological assemblages representing the occupation of this region by Wuirmian Neandertals and modem Homo sapiens. In the south-western part of the promontory, immediately above the present sea level, Grotta Breuil opens toward the west, with a central chamber in the form of a large ovoid room (about Io X 25 m) extending eastwards. New human remains have been discovered here during systematic excavations in progress since I986. A comprehensive preliminary report on the first few years of excavation at Grotta Breuil has been presented elsewhere (Bietti et al. I988, various papers in Bietti and Manzi I99I). The present report, aimed at a discussion of the scanty human fossil record available at the moment in the light of its Mousterian context and in relation to the scenario for the appearance of modern humans in Europe and their relationships with the late Neandertals, consists of a brief summary of the geochronological and archaeological data collected in the first excavations, a reappraisal of the main features of the cranial fragment previously discovered, Breuil I (Manzi and Passarello I99 Ib), and a general and comparative description of the new dental specimens, Breuil 2 and 3.
Probabilistic Prediction of Regional Wind Power Based on Spatiotemporal Quantile Regression

Different from power prediction for a single wind farm, the regional wind power prediction is to predict the total power of multiple wind farms located in the specific region. The regional wind power prediction involves more data that implicate abundant information on spatiotemporal correlations and nonlinearity. So that addressing the massive data and extracting the representative features became the crucial issues to construct an effective regional wind power prediction model. This article proposes a spatiotemporal quantile regression (QR) algorithm to perform the short-term nonparametric probabilistic prediction of regional wind power, incorporating the advantages of the hybrid neural network (HNN) and QR. In the approach, the high-dimensional input data are reorganized into a feature graph that is ready for feature extraction by the HNN. Therefore, the advantages of HNN can be utilized to extract the representative features and construct nonlinear regression models. Meanwhile, by following the QR rules, the model obtains quantiles and perform probabilistic prediction. By properly addressing the explanatory variable selection issue, the approach provides a specific solution for regional wind power probabilistic prediction with the massive input data. The test results in a region with ten wind farms demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Decadal Trends of Speciated Non‐methane Hydrocarbons in Taipei

Selected non‐methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) obtained from long‐term operation of the Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Stations (PAMS) in Taipei allowed for the assessment of the effectiveness of emission control measures on ozone precursors from 2007 to 2016. Despite the very pronounced diurnal and seasonal cycles of all the 51 target compounds, almost all species showed various degrees of declining trends over the decade. When dividing the 51 compounds into five groups of alkanes, alkenes, ethyne, aromatics, and isoprene, the decadal trends are assessed as −0.7 ± 0.8, −0.3 ± 0.1, −0.02 ± 0.14, −1.9 ± 1.2, and − 0.09 ± 0.02 ppbC year−1, respectively. Meanwhile, as evidenced by multiple NMHC ratios as effective indicators of atmospheric photochemical conditions, a trend of gradual lessening in the degree of photochemistry over time was noticed. Air masses in Taipei are suggested to be increasingly more contributed by local emissions and less affected by mixing with transboundary or long‐range transported influences.
An X-Band Class-J Power Amplifier With Active Load Modulation to Boost Drain Efficiency

In this paper, the performance of the class-J mode power amplifier (PA) is studied when an auxiliary network performs active load modulation on the main transistor. Load modulation is realized by injecting an additional class-C like current with conduction angle of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula> to the drain node of the main transistor. The injected current employs a phase shift of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\phi $ </tex-math></inline-formula> with respect to the half-sinusoidal current of the main transistor, and its maximum value is tuned with the size of the transistor used in the auxiliary network. Detailed theoretical formulations are presented for the optimal load impedances of the PA at the fundamental and second-harmonic frequencies. Furthermore, the output power and drain efficiency of the PA are derived, and it is shown that the drain efficiency of the proposed PA can be as high as 96.8% in theory. The optimal values of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\alpha $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\phi $ </tex-math></inline-formula> for improving the drain efficiency of the load-modulated class-J PA are obtained, and a design methodology is also proposed to choose the optimal size of the transistor employed in the auxiliary network. To verify the theoretical derivations, a proof-of-concept 0.83 W class-J PA was designed and fabricated in a 0.25 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> GaAs pHEMT process. The designed PA occupies 3.19 mm<sup>2</sup> die area, and it achieves 71% drain-efficiency and 50% power-added-efficiency at 10 GHz.