Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Witnessing awareness and modes of cognitive awareness-Ovidiu Brazdau

The witnessing awareness experience is a type of subjective experience that is been described in most of the religious and spiritual traditions as a non-dual experience, beyond the mind and the self, without any possibility to use more than two words to describe it: I am. The actual paradigm in religious thinking describes this experience only in terms of what is not: it is not the mind, not the attention, not the emotions. Though we do not have a scientific consensus on the words that describe this experience, we do use some kind of technical terminology pointing to it: mystical experience, spiritual enlightenment, awakening, spiritual revelation, transpersonal state. The border between mysticism and psychopathology is a sensitive line for the psychiatry of the western world. A psychiatric report on mysticism in US, published in 1976, states that mystical phenomena may be of interest because “they can demonstrate forms of behaviour intermediate between normality and frank psychosis; a form of ego regression in the service of defense against internal or external stress; and a paradox of the return of repressed regression in unconventional expressions of love". A radical change happened in 1994, when a group of researchers introduced a new diagnostic category in The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders published by the American Psychiatric Association, fourth edition, which refers to Religious or Spiritual Problem. Since then, the expansion of the consciousness science clarified many of the dilemmas coming from spiritual experiences and the eastern practices. I am exploring here the witnessing awareness experience from the perspective of psychological assessment and the psychology of personality, considering witnessing awareness as a mode of functioning. I explore the witnessing awareness experience without
Supervised neural machine translation based on data augmentation and improved training & inference process

This is the second time for SRCB to participate in WAT. This paper describes the neural machine translation systems for the shared translation tasks of WAT 2019. We participated in ASPEC tasks and submitted results on English-Japanese, Japanese-English, Chinese-Japanese, and Japanese-Chinese four language pairs. We employed the Transformer model as the baseline and experimented relative position representation, data augmentation, deep layer model, ensemble. Experiments show that all these methods can yield substantial improvements.
Crustal properties from seismic station autocorrelograms

S U M M A R Y Stations on the Australian continent receive a rich mixture of continuous ground motion with ambient seismic noise from the surrounding oceans, and numerous small earthquakes in the earthquake belts to the north in Indonesia, and east in Tonga-Kermadec, as well as more distant source zones. The ground motion at a seismic station contains information about the structure in the vicinity of the site, and this can be exploited by applying an autocorrelation procedure to the continuous records. By creating stacked autocorrelograms of the ground motion at a single station, information on crust properties can be extracted in the form of a signal that includes the crustal reflection response convolved with the autocorrelation of the combined effect of source excitation and the instrument response. After applying suitable high-pass filtering, the reflection component can be extracted to reveal the most prominent reflectors in the lower crust, which often correspond to the reflection at the Moho. Because the reflection signal is stacked from arrivals from a wide range of slownesses, the reflection response is somewhat diffuse, but still sufficient to provide useful constraints on the local crust beneath a seismic station. Continuous vertical component records from 223 stations (permanent and temporary) across the continent have been processed using autocorrelograms of running windows 6 hr long with subsequent stacking.A distinctive pulsewith a time offset between 8 and 30 s fromzero is found in the autocorrelation results, with frequency content between 1.5 and 4 Hz, suggestingP-wave multiples trapped in the crust. Synthetic modelling, with control of multiple phases, shows that a local pmp phase can be recovered with the autocorrelation approach. This identification enables us to make out the depth to the most prominent crustal reflector across the continent. We obtain results that largely conform to those from previous studies using a combination of data from refraction, reflection profiles and receiver functions. This approach can be used for crustal property extraction using just vertical component records, and effective results can be obtained with temporary deployments of just a few months.
Integrating the Metapopulation and Habitat Paradigms for Understanding Broad‐Scale Declines of Species

Abstract: Caughley (1994) argued that researchers working on threatened populations tended to follow the “small population paradigm” or the “declining population paradigm,” and that greater integration of these paradigms was needed. Here I suggest that two related paradigms exist at the broader spatial scale, namely the metapopulation paradigm and habitat paradigm, and that these two paradigms also need to be integrated if we are to provide sound management advice. This integration is not trivial, and I outline five problems that need to be addressed: (1) habitat variables may not measure habitat quality, so site‐specific data on vital rates are needed to resolve the effects of habitat quality and metapopulation dynamics; (2) measurements of vital rates may be confounded by movements; (3) vital rates may be density dependent; (4) vital rates may be affected by genotype; and (5) vital rates cannot be measured in unoccupied patches. I reviewed papers published in Conservation Biology from 1994 to 2003 and found 41 studies that analyzed data from 10 or more sites to understand the factors limiting species' distributions. Five of the analyses presented were purely within the metapopulation paradigm, 14 were purely within the habitat paradigm, 17 involved elements of both paradigms, and 7 were theoretically ambiguous (2 papers presented 2 distinct analyses and were counted twice). This suggests that many researchers appreciate the need to integrate the paradigms. Only one study, however, used data on vital rates to resolve the effects of habitat quality and metapopulation dynamics (problem 1), and this study did not address problems 2–5. I conclude that more intensive research incorporating site‐specific data on vital rates and movement is needed to complement the numerous analyses of distributional data being produced.
A survey of the relationship between brand selection strategy and consumer purchase behavior (Case study of Pegah company of Hamedan)

The present study aimed to investigate the strategy of brand selection and consumer purchase behavior (case study of Pegah Hamedan Company). The present study method is descriptive (non-experiment) and survey. The study population is the brand products consumers in district 1, 2 of Municipality of Hamedan including 384 consumers. They were selected by Morgan and Kerjicie Table by random cluster method. Two standard questionnaires are used in this study. The above questionnaires are based on five-item Likert scale and all the questions are close. Cronbach’s alpha value for brand questionnaire is 0.746 and Cronbach’s alpha for consumer behavior questionnaire is 0.807. The values are above 0.7 and they show the reliability of these two questionnaires. The results of the study showed that there is a direct and significant relationship between brand selection strategy and consumer purchase behavior. Among four dimensions, three aspects as value, by-product and strategy behaviors of brand selection have significant and direct relationship. IT means that the changes in bran selection strategy lead to fluctuation in consumer. Only among the brand selection strategy norms and consumer purchase behavior, there was an inverse and significant relation.
Mechanics of Nanoelectromechanical Systems: Bridging the Gap Between Experiment and Theory

Nowadays, mechanical designers and engineers of elastic structures at ultra-small scales face an interesting challenge; traditional flexures with several components, mechanical joints/ welds and linkages are almost impossible to manufacture with existing microsystem fabrication technologies. Therefore, the majority of mechanical components, elements and building blocks are based on micro/nano machined elastic flexures [1]. Despite the complexity of modeling and analyzing these systems, their design uses the averaged relation between stress and strain, which requires a relatively accurate knowledge of their effective elastic properties, specifically the effective elastic modulus. Experimental results show that the elastic properties are constant at length scales of meters down to micrometers [2]. However, in order to increase the performance, i.e. sensitivity and dynamic range, the dimensions of mechanical devices have been scaled down towards a few nanometers. Consequently, high performances such as single-electron tunneling [3], sub-attonewton force sensing [4], and sub-femtometer displacement sensing [5] have been successfully achieved. Unlike at micron and higher length scales, at sub-micron and nanometer length scales the effective elastic behavior shows strong scaledependent behavior, meaning that the elastic properties are no longer constant, but a function of length scale. For all the application examples above, the high performance was achieved due to the mechanical response of a nanosystem, which strongly depends on the effective elastic properties. Therefore, a clear understanding of the scale-dependent behavior is important for the design and performance of nanosystems.
Impact of geoengineered aerosols on the troposphere and stratosphere

A coupled chemistry climate model, the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model was used to perform a transient climate simulation to quantify the impact of geoengineered aerosols on atmospheric processes. In contrast to previous model studies, the impact on stratospheric chemistry, including heterogeneous chemistry in the polar regions, is considered in this simulation. In the geoengineering simulation, a constant stratospheric distribution of volcanic-sized, liquid sulfate aerosols is imposed in the period 2020–2050, corresponding to an injection of 2 Tg S/a. The aerosol cools the troposphere compared to a baseline simulation. Assuming an Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change A1B emission scenario, global warming is delayed by about 40 years in the troposphere with respect to the baseline scenario. Large local changes of precipitation and temperatures may occur as a result of geoengineering. Comparison with simulations carried out with the Community Atmosphere Model indicates the importance of stratospheric processes for estimating the impact of stratospheric aerosols on the Earth’s climate. Changes in stratospheric dynamics and chemistry, especially faster heterogeneous reactions, reduce the recovery of the ozone layer in middle and high latitudes for the Southern Hemisphere. In the geoengineering case, the recovery of the Antarctic ozone hole is delayed by about 30 yearsmore » on the basis of this model simulation. For the Northern Hemisphere, a onefold to twofold increase of the chemical ozone depletion occurs owing to a simulated stronger polar vortex and colder temperatures compared to the baseline simulation, in agreement with observational estimates. « less
Acute Heart Rate Responses to Resistance Exercise at Different Cadences

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether movement speed, or cadence, affects the heart rate (HR) response to three sets of 10 repetitions of resistance exercise at slow (6 seconds/repetition) and fast (2 seconds/repetition) cadences. Methods: The 12 Repetition Maximum (12-RM) load on the angled leg press was determined for 16 moderately trained males (26.8 ± 6.2 yrs, 177.7 ± 6.3 cm, 77.0 ± 10.9 kg). To ensure safe, proper form across all sets, the 12-RM was tested at the slow cadence, and only 10 repetitions/set were performed during trials. Three successive sets of 10 repetitions, with three minutes rest between sets, were completed at each cadence, requiring 60 seconds to complete each slow set, 20 seconds to complete each fast set. Continuous HR was assessed by electrocardiogram from rest throughout exercise, and to recovery. Repeated-Measures (RM) ANOVA was applied, evaluating HR at each cadence for the exercises performed. Bonferroni adjustment resulted in a statistical significance of p < 0.017. Results: Peak HR (slow) was 112.8 ± 12.2 (set 1), 115.6 ± 13.9 (set 2) and 119.1 ± 17.1 (set 3) bpm. Peak HR (fast) was 118.0 ± 10.5 (set 1), 116.0 ± 10.1 (set 2) and 116.8 ± 10.2 (set 3) bpm. Significant change occurred for the increase in peak HR at the slow cadence only, with the fast cadence showing no increase, as both conditions demonstrate different response patterns. Conclusion: When three sets of 10 repetitions are performed on the angled leg press at a slow cadence, a significant increase in peak HR occurs for the sets, while the fast cadence does not demonstrate an increase in peak HR values. The is presumed in part due to influences of the pressor response, and the longer work duration for the slow cadence of 60 seconds required per set of 10 repetitions, as compared with the shorter work duration of 20 seconds for 10 repetitions per set at the fast cadence. Practical applications: Acute variability of the peak HR response to resistance exercise is possible through program modification. For a traditional resistance exercise arrangement such as three sets of 10 repetitions, it is possible to limit elevations in peak HR across sets by using short duration sets with fast repetitions, which may benefit populations for whom cardiovascular workload may be of concern.
A Link Bundled Auxiliary Graph Model for Constrained Dynamic Traffic Grooming in WDM Mesh Networks

This paper addresses the two-layer dynamic traffic grooming problem in wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) mesh optical networks subject to resource constraints and the generalized wavelength continuity (GWC) constraint. The GWC constraint is a relaxed wavelength continuity constraint which incorporates various kinds of wavelength conversion capabilities that exist in optical networks. As an improvement over the existing layered auxiliary graph (layered-AG) approach which represents each wavelength separately in the auxiliary graph, we introduce a largely simplified link bundled auxiliary graph (LBAG) model and propose the SAG-LB method to find paths and assign wavelengths for new lightpaths subject to the GWC constraint. We propose the constrained integrated grooming algorithm (CIGA) based on the LBAG model. A grooming policy influences the resource utilization by determining the weight function of the auxiliary graph. We propose the least resource path first (LR) grooming policy, which is an improvement over the existing grooming policies in the literature, by integrating the wavelength and transceiver metrics together. Simulation results show that the LBAG model achieves a comparable blocking performance with the layered-AG approach while using a significantly less amount of running time. We also present the worst case time complexity analysis of the CIGA grooming algorithm and evaluate the performance of the LR grooming policy by simulation.
R ISK ASSESSMENT OF SOIL COMPACTION IN W ALLOON REGION ( B ELGIUM )

It is well established that soil compaction affects the growth and functioning of roots and disrupts the activity of microfauna and soil microorganisms, resulting in a loss of yields. Agriculture and forestry using increasingly heavy machines, the risk of soil compaction is increasing accordingly. Chosen as indicator of the susceptibility of soils to compaction, the precompression stress (Pc) is calculated using the pedotransfer functions (PTFs) proposed by Horn & Fleige (2003). These PTFs involve eight parameters linked to the hydraulic and mechanical behaviour of soils: organic matter content, bulk density, air capacity, available and non-plant available water capacity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, cohesion and angle of internal friction. The challenge consists in producing Pc maps at the regional scale for Wallonia. Those maps should also be accompanied by estimation uncertainty map. Finally, the results should be exploited to produce compaction risk maps according to various frequent scenarios. In this paper, a methodology is proposed, combining geostatistics and Monte Carlo simulations, to achieve these goals.
Fertility of Holstein Cattle in a Subtropical Climate of Egypt

The pregnancy results of 17337 inseminations carried out in a dairy herd near Cairo over a period of 12 years were retrospectively analyzed in relation to environmental temperature and temperature-humidity index (THI). The overall average of pregnancy rates to all inseminations was significantly (P<0.01) lower in pluriparous cows (31.0%) than in heifers (63.5%). Stress of lactation, propensity for clinical and subclinical mastitis and problems associated with calving are possible underlying causes. In cows, the month of insemination significantly (P<0.05) influenced the pregnancy rate. A substantial decrease of pregnancy rates from 34.1% in May to 15.7% in July as the maximum environmental temperature increased from 33.3 ˚C to 36.3 ˚C and mean THI increased from 69 to 74 was recorded. In spite of the slight increase in pregnancy rates after July, it remained low during autumn referring to the carryover effects of the summer heat load. This resulted in significantly (P<0.05) lower pregnancy rates during summer (21.2%) and autumn (24.4%) than in winter (39.1%) and spring (37.2%). Maximum environmental temperature and mean THI accounted for 72% and 82%, respectively, of the variations in pregnancy rates. The average number of inseminations per conception was the lowest between January and April (2.4±0.2 to 2.6±0.2). This was followed by a significant (P<0.05) increase in this parameter (from 2.9±0.6 in May to 6.4±1.9 in July) coinciding with increased maximum environmental temperature to reach its peak in July. The overall average number of inseminations per conception in cows was 3.2±0.4. In heifers, the pregnancy rate was high (56.9 to 69.8%) throughout the year with no significant differences between months or seasons of insemination. Better efficiency of heifers at thermoregulation compared with pluriparous cows may be implicated. The average number of inseminations per conception in heifers was 1.6±0.04.
A Parameter Perturbation Homotopy Continuation Method for Solving Fixed Point Problems with Both Inequality and Equality Constraints

In this paper, we propose a parameter perturbation homotopy continuation method for solving fixed point problems on more general nonconvex sets with both inequality and equality constraints. By adopting appropriate techniques, we make the initial points not certainly in the set consisting of the equality constraints. This point can improve the computational efficiency greatly when the equality constraints are complex. In addition, we also weaken the assumptions of the previous results in the literature so that the method proposed in this paper can be applied to solve fixed point problems in more general nonconvex sets. Under suitable conditions, we obtain the global convergence of this homotopy continuation method. Moreover, we provide several numerical examples to illustrate the results of this paper.
The relationship between employee tone of voice and customer attitudes

The Relationship between Employee Tone of Voice and Customer Attitudes by Jae Kyung Park Dr. Kathryn LaTour, Examination Committee Chair Professor of Tourism and Convention Administration University o f Nevada, Las Vegas As a concierge supervisor at a five-star hotel in South Korea, I was exposed to a concept from my superiors that a higher employee’s tone o f voice may increase customer attitudes. In the United States, tone of voice training was also found at a pizza pub, located in Illinois. The study identifies the causal relationship between the tone of voice and customer satisfaction, by an experiment method. By manipulating tone of voice and analyzing resulting customer attitudes reveals the relationship between the two variables. In this study, the result is contrary to the reasoning that derived from the observed industry practices. I found that participants were more receptive to the medium and low voice tone introductions. These findings show that there is a relationship between tone of voice and customer attitudes, but the significance was lower than I expected earlier. The finding does not lend empirical support to the traditional industry assumptions that the ‘positive’ tone o f voice would be a high-pitched tone and the high-pitched tone will lead higher satisfaction. Instead, the experiment results show a ‘positive’ tone of voice is not necessarily ‘high-pitched’ tone, and it implies there might be some limitation to which an employee can raise their pitch.
International comparison of the remuneration system disclosure

This research is aimed at assessing whether rules and recommendations adopted in European Countries (France; Germany; Italy; Spain; United Kingdom) and non-European Countries (Canada; Japan; Russia; United States) enable companies to have a regulatory framework as a guarantee of information completeness, so that anyone can, on the one hand, assess if the company is transparency-oriented and, on the other, to facilitate the comparison of remuneration systems with other companies in other European contexts or non-European Countries. Finally, this paper aims to examine how the listed companies, operating in the public utilities sector, have implemented remuneration systems disclosure in the corporate behaviour in order to assess if, European and non-European listed companies surveyed behave in conformity with transparency provisions and assure stakeholders, information completeness.
Corrosion behaviour of carbon steel in river water in the presence of Lactic acid- Zn2+ system

The inhibition efficiency of lactic acid (LA)-Zn system in controlling corrosion of carbon steel in an aqueous environment has been evaluated by massloss method. The synergistic effect is noticed between lactic acid and Zn. The formulation consisting of 50 ppm of lactic acid and 50 ppm of Znshows 91% inhibition efficiency(IE). At lower pH value IE decreases and in alkaline solution IE increases. Polarisation study reveals that LA-Zn system functions as a cathodic inhibitor. AC impedance spectra reveal that a protective film is formed on the metal surface. FTIR spectra reveal that the protective film consists of Fe-LA complex and Zn (OH)2 .
Multi-Task Learning for Chemical Named Entity Recognition with Chemical Compound Paraphrasing

We propose a method to improve named entity recognition (NER) for chemical compounds using multi-task learning by jointly training a chemical NER model and a chemical com- pound paraphrase model. Our method en- ables the long short-term memory (LSTM) of the NER model to capture chemical com- pound paraphrases by sharing the parameters of the LSTM and character embeddings be- tween the two models. The experimental re- sults on the BioCreative IV’s CHEMDNER task show that our method improves chemi- cal NER and achieves state-of-the-art perfor- mance.