Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Utility maximization with habit formation of interaction

In this paper, we analytically solve the utility maximization problem for a consumption set with multiple habit formation of interaction. Consumption is here composed of habitual and nonhabitual components, where habitual consumption represents the effect of past consumption. We further assume that the individual seeks to maximize his/her expected utility from nonhabitual consumption. Although there is usually no explicit solution of linear dynamic systems in the habit formation model, we study the functional minimum of habitual consumption. To solve the optimization problem with a general utility function, we adopt the convex dual martingale approach to construct the optimal consumption strategy and provide an economic interpretation for nearly every object throughout the solution process.
Mapping of tms8 gene for temperature-sensitive genic male sterility (TGMS) in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

With 3 figures Abstract Genetic analysis of F2 and backcross populations of an induced temperature-sensitive genic male sterility (TGMS) mutant source F 61 with normal pollen parents revealed that TGMS trait was controlled by a single recessive gene. Molecular tagging of TGMS trait was attempted using polymorphic randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers through bulked segregant analysis. The RAPD primers UBC 345830, UBC 313927, microsatellites RM224 and RM21 produced putative markers, which differentiate parents and bulks from sterile parent and sterile bulks. The RAPD analysis of individual F2 plants with the primer UBC345830 showed perfect marker–phenotype cosegregation. The 830-bp RAPD fragment, which segregated with TGMS locus at a distance of 1.33 cM, was eluted and cloned, and sequence information was used for designing sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) primer, which cosegregated with TGMS locus at a distance of 0.8 cM. TGMS locus was mapped onto chromosome 11 using RM21 and RM224, flanking it at a distance of 4.3 and 3.0 cM, respectively. The DNA markers tightly linked to TGMS gene (tms8) in F 61 can be cost effectively used for marker-assisted selection of TGMS trait.
Safety at sea : understanding the role of the psychological contract in seafarers' safe and unsafe behaviour using affective events and ego depletion theories

One of the intractable problems facing society is how to ensure workers are safe as well as productive. Yet, knowing where to look for answers poses a considerable challenge to safety researchers. Consequently, employee safety behaviour is a relatively under-researched topic. This thesis takes a novel approach and applies psychological contract theory, which proposes that employees’ workplace behaviours are a function of the reciprocal obligations that arise when promises are made, paid for, and are subsequently honoured or broken. A dual-pathway model is tested in which the motivational and attentional resources of individuals (operationalised as psychological contract violation and cognitive failure) are hypothesised to explain the independent relationships of fulfilment and breach with a range of safe, unsafe and unhealthy behaviours. The two pathways draw on Affective Events and Ego Depletion theories. The research is conducted with seafarers working for two merchant shipping organisations registered in Denmark and the UK. It consists of a longitudinal survey with 750 and 629 respondents at two time points respectively, and a 14-day daily diary with 50 participants in total. The two-wave study provides broad support for the dual-pathway model. In cross-sectional and change score analyses of breach, disaffected individuals are more inclined to rule-violating behaviour, and, those whose attentional resources are depleted, less likely to engage in pro-safe behaviours. In cross-section, greater fulfilment is associated with less violation and with more motivation to engage in pro-safe behaviours, but not with fewer attentional lapses. Conversely, longitudinal analyses suggest that increases in fulfilment are associated with increases in attentional disruption and safety behaviour withdrawal. The second, diary study investigates the dynamic nature of exchanges and the implications these have for day-to-day experiences and behaviour. Findings at the daily level differed to the survey, raising questions about how safety behaviours unfold. Implications and contributions are discussed.
How does sampling protocol affect the richness and abundance of small mammals recorded in tropical forest? An example from the Atlantic Forest, Brazil

Small mammals are important elements of tropical forests but there is not a protocol for sampling these animals. In this study, we aimed at evaluating which sampling design maximizes the richness and/or the abundance of small mammals in a given area. We used data available in studies carried out in the Brazilian Atlantic forest. The variables analyzed for each study were number of marsupial species, number of rodent species, number of marsupial individuals and number of rodent individuals (dependent variables), sampling effort (trap-nights), design (grid or transect), number of strata sampled, number of nights and number of trap types used (independent variables). We did an analysis of covariance using the type of forest (evergreen or semideciduous) as the co-factor and factoring out the sampling effort to verify if the patterns of richness and abundance of species changed between these types of forests. The same analysis was done using the design as the cofactor in different forest types. Therefore, we performed analyses of variance in each forest type using the number of strata sampled, number of traps types and number of nights as factors to verify the effects of these factors on richness and abundance of the species. The capture effort was the most important variable to explain the richness and abundance of small mammals. The forest type influenced the abundance of species. Marsupials seemed to be more abundant in the semideciduous forest and rodents in the evergreen forest. RJ, Brazil.
DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL COPOLYOXETANES: ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS

60 Introduction.62 Experimental Materials.65 Synthesis and Characterization.66 P[(BBOx)(ME2Ox)] copolyoxetane precursor synthesis. 66 P[(BBOx-50)(ME2Ox)] characterization.66 Cx-50 copolyoxetane synthesis.67 Characterization.68 Instrumentation.68 Antimicrobial (MIC) Assays.69 Kinetics of C8-50 copolyoxetane on bacterial killing.71 Cytotoxicity Testing.72 Hemolytic activity assay.72 Human cell cytotoxicity assay.73 Results . 74 Cx-50 copolyoxetanes.74 MIC Assays. 77 Killing Kinetics . 80 Cytotoxicity for HFF and HDF cell lines.83 Selectivities.84
Liver abscesses and performance in feedlot cattle as influenced by dietary roughage level and tylosin inclusion.

A survey on the incidence and severity of liver abscesses was done on 2318 cattle, which were \ slaughtered over a four-day period at Cato Ridge abattoir. The cattle studied were finished in three feedlots, namely Wondervale, Riversdale, and Triple C, which are located in KwaZuluNatal province, South Africa. The condition of livers was scored as unaffected by abscessing, slightly abscessed, mildly abscessed and severely abscessed , according to an existing classification guideline. From the total number of animals slaughtered, 25.4% had liver abscesses. The total incidence of liver abscesses was significantly different (PO.05) in the severity of liver abscesses either on the total incidence or among the feedlots. The total incidence was slightly higher in males (25.8%) than in females (24.4%). The survey shows that the incidence ofliver abscesses was high at the abattoir and the difference among the feedlots was significant.
A Vascular Perspective on Neurogenesis

The vasculature has been identified as a prominent feature across several stem cell niches, suggesting a crucial role in their regulation and maintenance. While a critical component of every organ and tissue, it has adopted specific features for specialized microenvironments. Most notably, the subventricular (SVZ) and subgranular (SGZ) zones of the adult brain harbor unique vascular plexi that are finely tuned to support neural stem cell (NSC) function and behavior. Whether it is through direct contact with, and paracrine signaling from, endothelial and mural cells that comprise blood vessels, or systemically via distribution of soluble factors from the circulation, the vasculature serves as a multifaceted stem cell niche regulator. As emerging evidence continues to emphasize the importance of vascular and nervous system interdependency, it is clear that the vascular compartment in the neural stem cell niche is uniquely poised to coordinate responses of both systems to ensure proper maintenance and regeneration, as needed.
Efecto de la aplicación de 1-Metilciclopropeno sobre algunas propiedades físico-químicas y organolépticas del fruto de la granadilla

Shelf life extension of the sweet passion fruit is helpful for its marketing, since it is positioned in the international market as a gourmet fruit. In this work the effect of applying an antagonistic agent to the ethylene action was evaluated, 1- methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) was used to prolonged shelf life of sweet passion fruit, stored of 27 ± 2 °C and 76 ± 2% RH. Physical properties as weight loss, firmness loss and color changes were evaluated, together with chemical properties such as pH, acidity and soluble solids and sensory analysis. Three concentrations of 1-MCP: 200, 400 and 600 mg/l with three exposure times: 15, 30 and 60 seconds were applied. The results suggest that application of 600 mg/l of 1-MCP for 60 seconds of exposure preserves the fruit during 15 days at 27 ± 2°C and 76 ± 2% of HR.
The Ecology of Seeds: References

Preface 1. Life histories, reproductive strategies and allocation 2. Pre-dispersal hazards 3. Seed dispersal 4. Soil seed banks 5. Seed dormancy 6. Germination 7. Post-dispersal hazards 8. Seedling establishment 9. Gaps, regeneration and diversity References Index.
Contrôle de la croissance et régulation génique chez Escherichia coli

La faculte d’adaptation aux conditions environnementales des bacteries provient de lacomplexite de leur reseau de regulation genique, impliquant de nombreux regulateursspecifiques et la machinerie d’expression genique. Nous avons montre que le gene crl, codantun regulateur global d’Escherichia coli, est exprime de facon transitoire lors de laphase exponentielle. Notre etude a permis d’identifier deux regulateurs responsables dece profil parmi une centaine testes. Ainsi, le complexe CRP-AMPc, reprime de facon indirectel’expression de crl, tandis que la nucleoproteine Fis se fixe sur le promoteur de crlet active sa transcription directement. Le profil d’expression de crl etant similaire a celuide nombreux regulateurs globaux, nous nous sommes interesses au role de la machinerieglobale d’expression des genes et a son impact sur la croissance. Dans ce but, nous avonsconstruit un systeme nous permettant de controler la croissance d’E. coli en modulantl’expression des sous-unites _ et _’ de l’ARN polymerase et donc le niveau de transcriptiondans la cellule. Lorsque l’ARN polymerase est en faible concentration, le taux decroissance devient quasiment nul et les cellules filamentent. Ce controle de la croissanceest dose dependant et a ete mis en evidence autant a l’echelle de la population qu’a cellede la cellule unique. Nous avons enfin etudie par RNA-seq l’impact du niveau d’ARNpolymerase sur la transcription de l’ensemble du genome de cette souche. Cette etudemontre que toutes les classes fonctionnelles de genes sont affectees par notre systeme, al’exception des genes qui codent les proteines ribosomales.
RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF WIDE DIAMETER IMPLANTS IN THE IMMEDIATE REPLACEMENT OF MANDIBULAR MOLARS

Background: Immediate implant placement to simultaneously replace mono-radicular teeth at the time of extraction has gained wide acceptance as a reliable and predictable treatment option. Application of this option in replacement of molars has presented a difficult challenge both surgically and prosthetically. Aim of the study: The current study aimed to investigate the efficacy of wide diameter implants in the immediate replacement of mandibular molars over a period of 24 months. Methods: Thirty implants were utilized in the immediate replacement of mandibular molars in a one stage surgical procedure following the atraumatic extraction of the teeth. The implants were restored after three months and followed-up at 12 and 24 months to evaluate the crestal bone loss around them. Results: A survival rate of 96.6% was evident at the end of the study period (24 months) with a mean crestal bone loss of 0.33-mm at 12 months and 0.19-mm at 24 months with a total mean crestal bone loss of 0.52-mm during the study period. Conclusion: Wide diameter implants are a reliable and predictable means to immediately replace mandibular molars with stable long-term prognosis with the consideration of proper extraction procedures and maintenance of the socket architecture.
Development and Persistence of Soil Legacy Effects of an Invasive Shrub and Implications for Reforestation

Author(s): Grove, Sara Eloise | Advisor(s): Parker, Ingrid M | Abstract: Invasive species can change the environment in ways that persist long after the species itself is gone, called a "legacy effect. " Legacy effects of invasive species include changes to the abiotic and biotic soil environment and can lead to positive feedbacks that inhibit restoration success and reinforce invasion. The objective of this research was to examine the legacy of Cytisus scoparius italicgyour words, an aggressive nitrogen-fixing shrub, on soil chemistry, ectomycorrhizal fungi, and Douglas-fir forest regeneration. My work highlights the importance of allelopathy and nitrogen enrichment in the disruption of the mutualism between Douglas-fir and ectomycorrhizal fungi. The temporal aspects of biological invasions are important and understudied. The impacts of invasive species may change in magnitude and even direction with time following invasion. In a novel contribution, I used a combination of field and greenhouse experiments to determine how soil legacies develop, persist and change over time. I found that soils invaded by C. scoparius italicgyour words harbor less ectomycorrhizal fungi, and that growth of Douglas-fir is linked to the abundance of these fungi. Adding C. scoparius italicgyour words mulch into uninvaded forest soils revealed that Douglas-fir grew more when mulch was added, but only in the presence of activated carbon, suggesting that allelopathy may be inhibiting Douglas-fir success. To examine how long soil legacies persist after C. scoparius removal, I removed C. scoparius italicgyour words at different times over a 22-month period, then measured soil properties. One month following C. scoparius italicgyour words removal, nitrogen availability increased, but by 10 months, dropped to less than what was found in live C. scoparius stands italicgyour words, suggesting that the legacy of nitrogen enrichment is not stable and declines with time following removal. Following C. scoparius italicgyour words removal, exotic grasses quickly established and dominated the sites, and they may contribute to the suppression of Douglas-fir seedling growth. I also used a chronosequence approach to assess how quickly soil-mediated impacts develop after invasion. I planted Douglas-fir into soils collected from C. scoparius italicgyour words invasions of different ages. Suprisingly, the seedlings grew larger in soils that had been invaded longer; in this case nitrogen fertilization seems to be more important than other effects of C. scoparius italicgyour words invasion.
PCR: agricultural and environmental applications for soil microbes.

This chapter introduces the primary concepts behind PCR, describes different flavors or specialized derivatives of PCR that are used to overcome various problems, provides an overview of ways in which the use of PCR can enhance soil microbiology research, and also provides information on equipment and other products designed for PCR. Ultimately, the PCR copies and amplifies the target sequence from the nucleic acid template, doubling the number of copies during each cycle of temperature. The different PCR methodologies are Nested and Seminested PCRs, Touchdown PCR, hot-start PCR, Booster PCR, Two-Step PCR, Multiplex PCR and Reverse transcriptase (RT) PCR. In recent years there has been increased interest in the use of DNA fingerprinting methodologies to identify bacteria at the isolate level and to subtype pathogenic bacteria. A more recent method, terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis, has also been used to study microbial community structures. T-RFLP analysis is based on the restriction endonuclease digestion of PCR products that have been fluorescently end labeled through the use of labeled primers. It is probably already apparent that the choice of the primer sequences is critical for the successful amplification of a specific DNA sequence. The degree of specificity can be varied by primer design and also by changing the annealing temperature. Sensitivity can be evaluated in terms of whole-cell lysates or pure genomic DNA preparations. Overall, PCR adds a useful new technology to aid in the study of plant and soil microbes.
Carbon Dioxide Emission, Energy Consumption, Economic Growth, Population, Poverty and Forest Area: Evidence from Panel Data Analysis

This paper investigated the impact of energy consumption (EC), economic growth, population, poverty, and forest area on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by using the econometrics approaches for Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand. In this paper, it involved time series data over the period of 20 years from 1991 to 2010. There were several tests that had conducted which involved Panel unit root test, cointegration test, Granger causality test. From the empirical result, we found that the variables had more than one panel unit root tests. Cointegration test also showed that there was at least four cointegrating equation exist in the variables. For the Granger causality test, there was only poverty had unidirectional relationship with CO2 emission, while the other variables were independent to the CO2 emission. Testing approach showed that EC and economic growth had positive relationship with CO2 emission. On the other hand, population growth rate had a little impact on CO2 emission. However, poverty and forest area had negative relationship with the CO2 emission. Thus, the economy substantially would try to tend to develop renewable energy and energy efficient to minimize the CO2 emissions in order to enhance the long-run economic growth in Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand.
Bacteria divert resources from growth for magellanic penguin chicks

The influence of bacteria on the growth of their wild avian hosts is unknown. We tested experimentally whether administration of a wide-spectrum antibiotic (cephalosporine) during early development of magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) chicks had any effect on their growth rates in the wild. Chicks that were injected in two occasions with cephalosporine grew faster than control untreated chicks. The positive effect of medication on nestling growth disappeared after the treatment ceased, did not alter haematological indices indicative of health status, had no influence on chick survival until near independence and was related to a changed bacterial composition of the faecal microbiota of treated chicks when compared with that from control chicks. These results were similar to those obtained for poultry with antimicrobials promoting growth and chick nutrient assimilation rates. Gram-positive bacilli in the diphtheroid genus Corynebacterium are likely candidates to cause decreased growth rates in magellanic penguin chicks.
School institution services in human rights perspective

The purpose of this study is to analyze the services of school institutions in the perspective of Human Rights. Factors that affect the service are: (1) creating leadership that performs basic tasks and functions (Tupoksi) with human rights or ASN (State Civil Apparatus) that is not working professionally (Abuse of Power) or lack of human resources, (2) negligence or omission, Violation by Ommision, and (3) incorrect institutional policy factors violating the regulation (Violation by commmision) of public services by school institutions. The research method used a quantitative approach. Location of State Senior High School of Padang with 16 principals and 400 educators and educational staff as population and 46 samples who become respondents. Data were collected through questionnaires that have been validated and processed through Path-Analysis techniques. The results of the study prove that all variables, namely two independent variables and one moderator variable studied showed significant relationship and influence on the dependent variable. Thus the hypothetical model that has been proven can be used as a model of the school institution service that has human rights perspective, can improve the performance of educators and education personnel on services provided by the school. The results of this study indicate that professional services, not neglect, and humane policies can be used as models of institutional services in the context of different school cultural values spatially, so have the reliability of the model. Besides, this model can also be used as a guideline for the implementation of basic tasks and functions of school institutions that have human rights in Indonesia.
The effects of contact patterns and genetic specificity on host and parasite evolution

Many bacteria, viruses and other parasites cause severe morbidity or mortality in their host populations, creating strong selection for physiological or behavioural mechanisms to avoid disease. Likewise, changes in host susceptibility and contact patterns can dramatically influence the spread of infectious diseases, and hence selection for traits such as virulence and infectivity range in parasites. Understanding how ecological and evolutionary changes in one population affect selection in another represents a key challenge for theoreticians and empiricists alike, and is essential for gaining further insights into host-parasite relationships. This thesis contains theoretical models that explore how genetic and environmental factors shape the evolutionary and coevolutionary dynamics of hosts and parasites. In particular, the roles of genetic specificity (i.e. genotype-by-genotype interactions) and population mixing patterns are investigated, using both mathematical models and computer simulations. A broad range of scenarios are covered, including the coevolution of broad resistance and infectivity ranges (generalism), the persistence of coevolutionary cycling and the maintenance of sex, the effects of mating behaviour on disease prevalence and evolution, and the evolution of sexual and social behaviour. The models presented herein develop our understanding of host-parasite relationships and highlight the importance of genetic interactions and ecological feedbacks.