Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prostate tumour originating from interstitial cells of Cajal: a case presentation and review of the literature

We present a case of an extremely rare, atypical prostate tumour, diagnosed in a 57-year-old man, who reported pain in the pelvic area, problems with defe cation and lower urinary tract symp toms (LUTS). A giant prostate tumour was diagnosed in computed tomogra phy. The histopathological examination findings from core needle biopsy of mul tiple sites were not unequivocal. The patient underwent pelvic exenterative surgery. Also Bricker ileal conduit uri nary diversion and sigmoidostomy were performed. Histopathological examina tion of the surgical specimen revealed a gastrointestinal stromal tumour orig inating from the prostate and infiltrat ing the urinary bladder and the rectum. The patient was qualified for systemic adjuvant chemotherapy, but he did not give his consent to that treatment. Clin ical evaluation at 6 months following the surgery revealed major improve ment in the patient’s health status, but the patient still rejects adjuvant treat ment. The paper also presents an overview of the literature on gastrointestinal stro mal tumour (GIST) of the prostate.
A Comparative study of SSR Characteristics of TCSC and SSSC

The advent of series FACTS controllers, Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) and Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) has made it pos- sible not only for the fast control of power o w in a trans- mission line, but also for the mitigation of SubSynchronous Resonance (SSR) in the presence of xed series capacitors. While the technology of TCSC using thyristor valves is well established, SSSC based on Voltage Source Converter (VSC) with GTO valves is an emerging controller and has several advantages compared to TCSC (1). This paper presents a comparative study of SSR charac- teristics of TCSC and SSSC based on the analysis of a system adapted from IEEE rst benchmark model (FBM). The anal- ysis is based on D-Q models of the FACTS controllers. It is shown that, while the vernier operation (with constant reac- tance control) of a TCSC leads to damping of the critical tor- sional mode, the constant reactive voltage operation of SSSC has the effect of reducing the electrical resonance frequency, which detunes the SSR. However, this leads to the possibility of a higher torsional mode being destabilized when the series effective resistance is low. This paper also presents a simple, yet an effective method of designing SubSynchronous Damp- ing Controller (SSDC) with input from line current magni- tude. The results from the linear analysis are validated us- ing transient simulation based on detailed nonlinear system model. In this paper, the analysis of SSR of a series compen- sated system with TCSC and SSSC is presented. The analysis of SSR is carried out based on frequency do- main method, eigenvalue technique and transient simula- tion. The results based on linear analysis are validated us- ing transient simulation based on nonlinear system model. A comparative study of the SSR characteristics of TCSC and SSSC is presented with the analysis of a system based on IEEE FBM. The transient simulation considers 3 phase, nonlinear model of the system with the detailed model of the FACTS controller, considering switching ac- tion of thyristors / GTOs. The linear analysis (based on the D-Q model) considers only the dynamic phasors rep- resenting fundamental frequency components in the net- work, ignoring harmonics introduced by the switching ac- tion. The work presented in this paper is also aimed at es- tablishing the validity of D-Q model in the case of SSSC and the application of SSDC for damping the critical tor- sional mode. The design of SSDC (with line current as input) is based on the damping torque analysis. The paper is organized as follows. Section-2 describes the modelling of TCSC and SSSC. Section-3 describes a case study based on IEEE FBM and compares the SSR characteristics of TCSC and SSSC. The design of SSDC and its performance evaluation is presented in section-4. The major conclusions of the paper are given in section- 5.
Do networks of social interactions reflect patterns of kinship

The underlying kin structure of groups of animals may be glimpsed from patterns of spatial position or temporal as- sociation between individuals, and is presumed to facilitate inclusive fitness benefits. Such structure may be evident at a finer, behavioural, scale with individuals preferentially interacting with kin. We tested whether kin structure within groups of meerkats Suricata suricatta matched three forms of social interaction networks: grooming, dominance or foraging competitions. Networks of dominance interactions were positively related to networks of kinship, with close relatives engaging in dominance interactions with each other. This relationship persisted even after excluding the breeding dominant pair and when we restricted the kinship network to only include links between first order kin, which are most likely to be able to discern kin through simple rules of thumb. Conversely, we found no relationship between kinship networks and either grooming networks or networks of foraging competitions. This is surprising because a positive association between kin in a grooming network, or a negative association be- tween kin in a network of foraging competitions offers opportunities for inclusive fitness benefits. Indeed, the positive association between kin in a network of dominance interactions that we did detect does not offer clear inclusive fitness benefits to group members. We conclude that kin structure in behavioural interactions in meerkats may be driven by factors other than indirect fit- ness benefits, and that networks of cooperative behaviours such as grooming may be driven by direct benefits accruing to indi- viduals perhaps through mutualism or manipulation (Current Zoology 58 (2): 319328, 2012).
Molecular Investigation into the Human Atrioventricular Node in Heart Failure

The atrioventricular node (AVN), the molecular basis has been studied in animal models; however, the human AVN remains poorly explored at the molecular level in heart failure patients. We studied ex vivo donor human hearts rejected for transplantation (n=6) and end-stage failing hearts with cardiomyopathy of various etiologies (n=6). Microdissection and quantitative PCR (qPCR) were used to anatomically map mRNA expression in both failing and non-failing hearts from tissue sections through the AVN, atrial and ventricular muscle. In the failing ventricle significant (P<0.05) downregulation is apparent for vimentin, hERG and Kir3.4 and trend to downregulation for Nav1.5, Cav1.2, Tbx3, Kir2.1, NCX1, Cx43 and Cx45. In the failing atrium, there is non-significant trend in upregulation for Nav1.5, HCN2, Cav3.1, Kv1.5, Kir3.1, RYR2 and significant upregulation for Cx40 and trend in downregulation for hERG, Kir2.1 and NCX1, and significant downregulation for HCN4 and Kir3.4. In the failing AVN there is significant (P<0.05) downregulation for vimentin, collagen, Tbx3, Kir3.1, Kir3.4, Cx45 and HCN4; there is also trend toward downregulation for HCN2, Kv1.5, Kir2.1 and RYR2. In the failing AVN there is significant (P<0.05) upregulation for Cx40, HCN1 and Cav3.1; and trend in upregulation for Nav1.5 and Cx43. For several transcripts, we also analysed corresponding protein expression via immunofluorescence. The protein expression data on the AVN for HCN1, Cav3.1 and Cx40 support qPCR data. Remodelling of AVN in heart failure might contribute to prolonged AV conduction time and could explain the prolonged PR interval that occurs in heart failure patients.
Dividends and Stock Valuation: A Study from the Nineteenth to the Twenty-First Century

Using a comprehensive database of monthly U.S. economic and price-based factors from 1871 to 2005, we investigate the relationship between the actual values and our estimated intrinsic values of the S&P Composite Index. We estimate the intrinsic value using the most fundamental valuation technique, the dividend discount model based on an estimated 30-year rolling equity premium and corresponding cost of equity combined with perfect foresight of dividends. We find that stocks were undervalued, on average, by approximately 26% over the entire sample. Prior to 1945, stocks were consistently undervalued and displayed more bond-like characteristics. Since 1945, stocks were, on average, fairly valued but with long periods of under- and over-valuation. We show that across both periods well-known economic and price-based factors can explain much of the levels and changes in "pricing errors". Over this period the Fed Model also finds equities were under-valued, but its predictive ability decreases when one considers other factors. Because of the concerns surrounding the choice of discount rate in asset pricing research, we compare our estimated cost of equity (using the CAPM) with implied measures from the actual price and dividend series and observe that many of the differences are related to economic conditions.
Synthesis, Characterization and Anticancer Activity of a Cobalt Sodium Complex with Schiff Base Derived from 2-Amino-4-Fluorobenzoic Acid and 3-Methoxysalicylaldehyde

A heterobinuclear complex [CoNa(C 15 H 10 NO 4 F) 2 (CH 3 OH)] 2 with Schiff base (C 15 H 10 NO 4 F: 2-amino-4-fluorobenzoic acid—3-methoxysalicylaldehyde) was synthesized and characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction. X-ray crystallography shows that the cobalt atom is six-coordinated by two nitrogen atoms from -C=N-, two carboxylate oxygen atoms and two hydroxyl oxygen atoms in different ligands, while the sodium atom is seven-coordinated by two methoxy oxygen atoms, two hydroxyl oxygen atoms in different ligands, two oxygen atoms in the same carboxylate and one oxygen atom of solvent methanol. The anticancer activity of the complex on human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells was investigated. The studies indicate that the complex can inhibit the cellular proliferation. In addition, it has proteasome-inhibitory activity in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. The inhibition of the tumor proteasomal activity results in the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and ubiquitinated form of IκB-α, a natural proteasome substrate, followed by induction of apoptosis. The results suggest that the Schiff base metal complex, as a potent proteasome inhibitor, has potential to be developed into a novel anticancer drug.
Isolation and detection of newcastle disease virus from field outbreaks in broiler and layer chickens by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.

The present research work was carried out to isolate and identify Newcastle disease virus (NDV) by using haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. A total of 160 clinical (blood, tracheal and cloacal swabs) and post-mortem (brain, lung, colon and spleen) samples were collected from chickens of two field outbreaks of Newcastle disease (ND) in 2006, one in a broiler (Cobb-500) farm of Mymensingh district and other one in a layer (Sonali) farm of Gazipur district. All the samples were inoculated onto 10-day-old embryonated chicken eggs through allantoic sac route and in the chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) cell culture. The allantoic fluid (AF) of the dead embryos and the infected culture fluid (ICF) of the CEF were harvested at 48 and 96 hours of post-infection, respectively. The HI and RT-PCR were employed to detect NDV in tissue homogenates of all the clinical and post-mortem samples as well as laboratory samples (AF and ICF). Among the clinical samples, virus isolation rate was found higher from tracheal swab (90%) compared to those of cloacal swab (85%) and serum (65%). On the other hand, among the four different types of post-mortem samples, virus isolation rate was found higher in spleen (100%) compared to those of lungs (80%), colon (60%), and brain (80%) samples. In CEF cell culture system, the rate of virus isolation from all the aforesaid samples was found 100% with the exception of serum samples. The isolation rate of NDV was higher in CEF culture system (93.8%) compared to that of avian embryos (80%). Among the clinical and post-mortem samples, inoculum of only cloacal swab and colon showed HA and HI activities. The anti-NDV hyperimmune serum revealed complete inhibition of the 4 haemagglutination unit of each isolate of viruses isolated from broiler and layer chickens present in the laboratory samples (AF and ICF). The NDV specific primers used in the direct RT-PCR for genome detection of NDV showed equal sensitivity and specificity with the RNA extracted from the clinical, post-mortem and laboratory samples (AF and ICF) as with the genomic RNA of reference NDV. Higher rate of detection of NDV was recorded with RT-PCR assay than HI test. Therefore, the molecular method (RT-PCR) can be introduced for rapid and confirmatory detection of NDV from any form of outbreak of ND in the field level of Bangladesh. DOI = http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/bjvm.v8i2. 9618 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2010). 8 (2) : 87–92
Nuevas propuestas para el análisis del lenguaje en los medios

This article proposes the search of new models for language analysis, con­ sidering the complex links between mass media, society and individuals. The rela­ tion between language and social cognition is de bated from diverse epistemologi­ cal approaches, developed from a mentalist conception or another centred on social and cultural processes. Finally, it exposes the advantages of the different theoretical approaches, whose usefulness depends on investigation characteristics.
Volatile oil content determination in the Australian sandalwood industry: Towards a standardised method

Quality assurance of Western Australian Sandalwood has been identified as being important for industry. The main parameters of sandalwood timber quality are yield and quality of its oil. Sandalwood oil already has an Australian standard, but there is no specified method to determine yield. A hydro-distillation method was developed along with a simple solvent extraction method to represent the currently contemporary methods. Despite the significant time and resource consumption of hydro-distillation it was found to be a superior method of analysis since it more accurately reflects the results obtained during industrial processing. More economical and rapid methods are demanded by different sectors involved in sandalwood industry. This article is an early step in seeking the most appropriate method suited for volatile oil determination.
Different water and light regimes affect ionome composition in grapevine ("Vitis vinifera" L.)

Many inorganic cations play a major role in winemaking processes and wine quality. For this reason, chemistry at the elemental level ("ionomic") of the grape berry is of concern not only to the viticulturist, but also to the oenologist due to their direct impact on juice and must composition, which in turn affect wine quality. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of reduced irrigation and incident light (by means of micronized calcite) on the berry skin ionome of the Italian red grape 'Aglianico'. The study was carried out in a five-years-old vineyard ( Vitis vinifera L. 'Aglianico') located in Southern Italy. Half of the plants (IRR) were drip irrigated, whereas the other half were not irrigated (NIR). Half of IRR and NIR plants were treated with Megagreen® micronized calcite. In all the treatments, plant water status and gas exchange were determined. The mean values of stem water potential (ψw) during the experiment were –1.02 and –1.10 MPa in IRR and NIR, respectively. The calcite treatments did not show changes in ψw values if compared to the untreated ones. The values of gas exchange were not statistically different among the four treatments. Grape berries were separated into three groups of mass, and the levels of macroelements, microelements and lanthanides were measured. Irrigation and calcite significantly affected macroelements distribution in all the three groups of mass, with Fe, Cu and Zn being significantly higher in the IRR and calcite-treated treatments. The effect of irrigation on the changes in microelement levels was significant for some elements. Calcite-treated vines showed higher mean values of Co, Cd, Hg and Pb. Regarding lanthanides, in calcite-untreated vines, irrigation determined significant decreases in average La, Ce, Nd, whereas in calcite-treated vines, increases in the mean concentrations of Ce, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Er and Yb were found. Generally, lanthanide levels did not change between calcite-treated and untreated vines, and in all the treatments Lu resulted to be the most abundant one. Macroelements, microelements and lanthanide levels generally decreased with decreasing berry weight. The dynamics of the extractability of metals from grape berries to must during fermentation could be used to predict wine quality during the following processes and for wine traceability purposes.
Chapter 2 The Choice of Graft Conduits in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

The use of the left internal mammary artery (IMA) has been shown to improve longterm survival and has been a gold standard in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). However, the choice of second or third graft conduit is still controversial. Multiple studies demonstrated the benefit of using multiple arterial grafts such as right IMA and radial artery in addition to left IMA in terms of long-term survival and graft patency. However, most of the centers still perform CABG with one IMA and vein grafts in a real world. The challenges for bilateral IMA utilization include longer operative time and concerns for higher rates of perioperative morbidity and mortality associated with increased sternal wound infection. Several studies reported that skeletonization technique can reduce the risk of sternal wound infection. Radial artery is another arterial conduit, which does not increase the risk of sternal wound infection and is easy to harvest. The superiority between radial artery and right IMA has been controversial. In the meantime, multiple trials have been made to improve the patency of vein grafts. The choice of graft conduits in CABG should be well considered preoperatively based on each patient’s backgrounds.
Study of the Effects of Peak/Off-Peak Load Shifting on Hybrid Power System Storage Using Power Pinch Analysis

The difference in electricity pricing based on the time of power use has led to load shifting from peak to off-peak hours in hybrid power systems (HPS). Apart from optimising electricity cost, shifting of load may also change the capacity of storage in the system. Power Pinch Analysis has been recently applied to guide load shifting aiming to minimise the cost of electricity, considering the peak and off-peak electricity pricing. This work extends the study by scrutinising the effects of peak/off-peak load shifting on the capacity of storage in HPS. Shifting heuristics are developed to ensure optimal storage size is achieved. Results show that the proposed load shifting strategy from peak to off-peak hours has successfully minimised the costs of both the storage system and the electricity bill.
Game mechanics to further engagement with physical activity

A lot of work required for physiotherapy is done between the actual therapy sessions. Patients receive instructions for exercises to be practiced on a daily basis to regain mobility in their injured joints. These exercises are often tedious and uncomfortable, hence motivation for daily repetition is sought-after. Games may be an answer to this challenge, however, they need to be well-designed as to not support incorrect execution of exercises and at the same time be engaging enough to keep up long-term engagement. In this paper we discuss guidelines for designing game mechanics aimed at increasing compliance in physiotherapy and for encouraging physical activity for older adults.
Comparing Conversions of Discontinuity in PCFG Parsing

This paper compares three different types of representations that resolve long-distance dependency into binary representation as it is required in PCFG parsing. Each conversion is applied to the German TIGER Treebank in the PCFG parsing experiments. The examination of data and the labeled dependency evaluation show that the choice of conversion of treebank data in the preprocessing step can influence the F-score up to 2.83% and that each conversion has its own advantages and limits. The result of this paper shows that this preprocessing step is not trivial in parsing free word order languages.
The Impact of Using the Native Language on Developing English Language Grammar Achievement

The present paper investigates the impact of using the studentsmother tongue, the Arabic language (L1), on enhancing achievement and learning of the English language (L2) grammar. It also seeks to find out whether the use of L1 in teaching the grammar of L2 affects the studentslearning outcome. Twenty six male students of the English Language Program at Buraydah Community College, Qassim University participated in this study. They were divided into two groups; the experimental group studied in L1 teaching context and the control group studied in L2 teaching context. The grammar lesson, "the passive and the active voice" was chosen as the grammar topic. Data was obtained through pre-post tests, and students and teachers feedback. The statistical analysis and the comparisons of the scores of the two groups show that the use of L1 in teaching L2 grammar does not benefit the students since the scores of the control group members (who were taught in L2) are higher than those achieved by the experimental group members (who were taught in L1).
Quantifying Mutational Impacts on Intrinsic DNA Flexibility in Prokaryotic Genomes

The existence of synonymous codon biases across all taxonomic groups is a long standing problem in biology. While codon bias seems to be adequately explained by the maintenance of translation efficiency and accuracy in some organisms, there is still no adequate explanation of why codon biases universally track the intergenic gc content, as these regions of the genome would not be under selection pressures affecting translation. One part of the story may come from the triplet nature of codon in which each third position defines the minor groove width and thus affects the basic structure of the DNA by altering the intrinsic flexibility. In addition, this intrinsic flexibility, which is also GC dependent, play a major role on defining the phosphate linkages of the backbone conformation as well as participating with other binding molecules. Packaging such a type of information within the DNA sequence seems to be essential especially when observing such a variation of codon bias among organism. The potential existence of this form of 'architectural' information in the genome might also predict that evolutionary processes at the synonymous sites are not simply an accident, but it might indicate a fundamental connection between the biophysical aspects of DNA and usage of codons. In this thesis, I present a broad taxonomical analysis of the mutational impacts on the intrinsic flexibility of DNA among 26 prokaryotic genomes and investigate its relationship to entropy based codon bias gc content and protein conservation . I conclude that codon bias appears universally connected to the intrinsic flexibility of the genome especially for genomes with extreme GC contents. In all genomes, genes under strong purifying selection at the level of the protein appear to have constraints in the mutational impacts on DNA flexibility. This may reflect a fundamental limitation in ability of DNA to multiplex information at the levels of protein and nuclear architecture.