Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hermetism between Camponotus morosus Smith and Linepithema humile Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Hermetism, a behavior that isolates ant colonies, was studied in the laboratory between two ant species in Chile, Camponotus morosus Smith and Linepithema humile Mayr. Ants from fi ve nests of C. morosus and L. humile were used, transferring ten individuals per nest of one of the colonies to receiving nests of the other. Conducts, including antennal exploration (AE), mandible opening (MO), dorsal fl exion of the abdomen (DFA), biting (Bi), ventral fl exion of the abdomen (VFA), fi ght (Fi), transport of the intruder ant (TI), moving backwards (MB), and death (De) were recorded during ten min, with ten replicates. The times of occurrence ± SD of each event were analyzed with the Student t test. The events AE, MO, DFA, and MB had a short latency time in receiving L. humile, while C. morosus presented lesser latency for the events Bi, VFA, and Fi. When analyzing by χ2 the frequency of occurrence of each event per species, AE and MO were similar in both species, and in aggression and rejection events like DFA, Bi, VFA, Fi, MB, TI, and De, there were greater frequencies of observations in C. morosus that in L. humile. From these results, C. morosus is a more hermetic ant than L. humile.
Automatic detection of complex structural genome variation across world populations

Complex structural variants (cxSVs), e.g. inversions with flanking deletions or interspersed inverted duplications, are part of human genetic diversity but their characteristics are not well delineated. Because their structures are difficult to resolve, cxSVs have been largely excluded from genome analysis and population-scale association studies. To permit large-scale detection of cxSVs from paired-end whole-genome sequencing, we developed Automated Reconstruction of Complex Variants (ARC-SV) using a novel probabilistic algorithm and a machine learning approach that leverages the new Human Pangenome Reference Consortium diploid assemblies. Using ARC-SV, we resolved, across 4,262 human genomes spanning all continental super-populations, 8,493 cxSVs belonging to 12 subclasses. Some cxSVs with population-specific signatures are shared with Neanderthals. Overall cxSVs are significantly enriched in regions prone to recombination and germline de novo mutations. Many cxSVs mark phenotypic hotspots (each significantly associated with ≥ 20 traits) identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and 46.4% of all significant GWAS-SNPs catalogued to date reside within ±125 kb of at least one cxSV locus. Common SNPs near cxSVs show significant trait heritability enrichment. Genomic regions affected by cxSVs are enriched for bivalent chromatin states. Rare cxSVs are enriched in neural genes and loci undergoing rapid or accelerated evolution and recently evolved cis-regulatory regions for human corticogenesis. We also identified 41 fixed loci where divergence from our most recent common ancestor is via localized cxSV. Our method and analysis framework allow for the accurate, efficient, and automatic identification of cxSVs for future population-scale studies of human disease and genome biology.
Effect of cassava leaf meal concentrate diets on the performance, haematology and carcass characteristics of West African Dwarf lambs

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the response of West African Dwarf (WAD) rams (n= 20) with average live weight of 13.7±1.16 kg to varying levels of 0, 10, 20 and 30% cassava (Manihot esculenta) leaf (CL) meal concentrate diet in a completely randomized design for a period of 90 days. Data were collected on performance, haematology, carcass and meat sensory characteristics. Results on the performance indices showed that the inclusion of 20% CL meal in the concentrate diet of rams produced the highest (p 0.05) irrespective of the dietary treatments. Meat sensory evaluation showed variation (p<0.05) in texture and flavour across the treatments. It was therefore concluded that feeding 20% CL meal based concentrate best improved the production performance in terms of body weight gain, nutrient digestibility and carcass quality of WAD rams.
The use of Nannochloropsis sp. as a source of omega‐3 fatty acids in dry pasta: chemical, technological and sensory evaluation

Summary Nannochloropsis is a microalga characterised by having high amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a fatty acid known for its health benefits. The aim of this study was to elaborate dry pasta with a significant contribution of EPA using Nannochloropsis sp. , without affecting the quality product and with good consumer acceptance. Technological quality was analysed in terms of cooking properties and texture profile. Cooked pasta was characterised through proximal composition, phenolic compound, fatty acid content and sensorial analysis. It was possible to replace up to 30% of wheat flour with microalgae without affecting the technological quality of pasta and with a significant contribution of EPA to the daily diet (0.237 g per 100 g pasta). The incorporation of 10% and 20% Nannochloropsis in pasta formulation allowed to decrease the n6:n3 ratio from 25:1 to 5:1 and 2:1, respectively. Therefore, the microalgae are an interesting ingredient to increase EPA consumption in products like pasta, while the sensory evaluation confirms the possibility towards a commercial approach.
Cloning and expression analysis of pistillata-like gene in Sedirea japonica

Members of the pistillata-like (PI-like) subfamily of plant MADS-box genes play multiple roles in regulation of reproductive meristems and the specification of sepal and petal identities. However, the function of PI-like genes in the Sedirea japonica is largely unknown. In this study, a full-length of PI-like gene in Sedirea japonica (designated PI-like, GenBank No. KM975642) was cloned using 5’/3’-RACE. The PI-like gene were 921 bp length with an open reading frame (ORF) of 633 bp, which encodes a protein of 210 amino acids, with a putative molecular weight of 24.5 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point (pI) of 9.3. It also contains a 96-bp 5′ untranslated region (UTR), and a 192-bp 3′ UTR. The result of multiple sequence alignment indicated that PI-like belongs to a Class-B MADS-box gene. In addition, the phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that PI-like gene was highly like PI-like in Phalaenopsis. The qRT-PCR results revealed that the expression of PI-like gene was higher in the tissues on florescence compared to vegetative phase, suggesting that the PI-like gene of S. japonica performed important physiological functions on florescence
The Effect of Eight Weeks of Aerobic , Anaerobic and Resistance Training on some factor of Endocannabinoid System , Serotonin , Beta-Endorphin and BDNF in Young Men

The aim of this study was investigated the effect of eight weeks of aerobic, anaerobic and resistance training on some endocannabinoid, serotonin, beta-endorphin and BDNF agents of young men. Thirty-two young men (19 to 25 years old) who did not have regular physical activity were randomly divided into four groups, and each of them were participated in various sports exercises for eight weeks. A group for aerobic exercises (two exercises with 65-70 maximum heart rate 3 sessions per week), an anaerobic exercise group (two exercises with a maximum intensity of 3 sessions per week), a group for circular resistance exercises (6-8 Station Which is repeated 8-12 times, and for three times a week) and finally a group was selected as a control. ELISA method was used to measure endocannabinoid system, serotonin, beta-endorphin and BDNF factors. The results showed that eight weeks aerobic training significantly increased serotonin levels and eight weeks aerobic and anaerobic exercise significantly increased BDNF. Aerobic, anaerobic, and resistive exercises have no significant effect on arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), anandamide(AEA) and beta-endorphin. There was a significant increase in happiness in all three training groups compared to the control group.The results of this study indicated an increase in mediation associated with pleasure and happiness in humans. Concerning the particular effect of long-term exercise on the endocannabinoid system, it is difficult to conclude.
Impact of Imazamox and Imazapyr Carryover on Wheat, Barley, and Oat

Imazapyr and imazamox are frequently applied postemergence to control grass and broadleaf weeds in imidazolinone-resistant sunflower in Argentina. Herbicide carryover to rotational crops represents a disadvantage of these herbicides, particularly in regions with low rainfall during the months prior to rotational crop sowing. Between 2009 and 2012, field and greenhouse studies were conducted on four important sunflower-cropped areas of Argentina. The objective was to quantify the effects of imazapyr alone and imazamox plus imazapyr applied in sunflower crops on the subsequent establishment, growth, and yield of barley, oat, and wheat. In all field experiments, imazapyr alone and imazamox plus imazapyr were applied at recommended rates (80 g ha-1 and 66 plus 30 g ha-1, respectively), and also, in some experiments, at double the recommended rates. Soil bioassays were also conducted in the greenhouse to study the effect of these herbicides on barley, oat, and wheat seedlings. The mixture of imazamox plus imazapyr was safer for rotational crops than imazapyr applied alone, because of the reduced rate of imazapyr in the mixture treatments. Barley was more sensitive to imidazolinones, particularly imazapyr, than the other winter cereals. Imazapyr at double rate (160 g ha-1) reduced barley yield by 45% when seeds were sown 165 d after herbicide application and with 240mm rainfall after herbicide application. Nomenclature: Imazamox; imazapyr; barley, Hordeum vulgare L. ; oat, Avena sativa L. ; sunflower, Helianthus annuus L. ; wheat, Triticum aestivum L.
Genomics of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Glycemic Traits

ABSTRACT The increased burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has accelerated the number of genetic studies in different human populations for detecting at least predictive biomarkers related to T2DM. Genome-wide association designs have successfully identified number of potential genetic variants associated with T2DM and explained the polygenic nature of T2DM inheritance using large sample sizes. Genetic epidemiologists have also explored the quantitative glycemic traits simultaneously with T2DM and provided comprehensive picture of overlapping findings through biological pathways. Indian studies on genetics of T2DM are generally limited to the candidate gene based association designs and efforts were primarily made to validate the European findings. This manuscript is a broad comparative account of efforts in genetic evaluation of T2DM and its related measures in Western and Indian populations.
Mutations d’AIP (Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-Interacting Protein)dans les adénomes hypophysaires sporadiques

Les adenomes hypophysaires familiaux isoles (FIPA) sont des formes familiales d’adenomes hypophysaires pour lesquels l’atteinte endocrinienne est limitee a l’hypophyse. La recherche d’un locus chromosomique associe a abouti a la decouverte de mutations du gene AIP (Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-Interacting Protein), codant pour une proteine aux domaines fonctionnels conserves, dont le role connu est celui d’une proteine co-chaperonne d’AhR (Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor). Des mutations de ce gene ont egalement ete decrites chez des patients porteurs d’adenomes apparemment sporadiques. L’objectif de ce travail etait d’etudier une cohorte de patients porteurs d’adenomes apparemment sporadiques afin de preciser la prevalence des mutations dans cette population et de decrire la presentation clinique, hormonale et morphologique associee a ces variants nouvellement trouves. Le sequencage de la region codante d’AIP a ete realise chez 636 patients qui ne presentent aucun antecedent personnel ni familial evocateur d’une predisposition genetique et qui ont ete suivis dans le Service d’Endocrinologie de l’hopital Bicetre entre 2007 et 2012. Vingt-huit de ces patients (4,4%) sont porteurs d’une mutation d’AIP. Les sujets mutes sont plus jeunes au diagnostic (28,5 ± 13 vs 42 ± 16,9 ans, P < 0,0001). Ils presentent majoritairement des macro-adenomes somatotropes et lactotropes, avec des adenomes mixtes GH+PRL plus frequents que chez les sujets non mutes (62% vs 19%, P < 0,01). Les cas d’acromegalogigantisme sont plus nombreux chez les patients mutes (75% vs 8,6%, P < 0,0001) sans difference significative entre les deux groupes en termes de presentation clinique et de traitement. Ce travail confirme la faible prevalence des mutations d’AIP parmi les adenomes apparemment sporadiques. Rechercher une mutation chez un jeune patient est toutefois une strategie rentable, en particulier si celui-ci presente un acromegalogigantisme.
Effect of chronic cadmium exposure on the gene expression of Birc family in the mouse kidney and liver

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal that can cause renal proximal tubular cell damage. Our previous research demonstrated that Cd induces apoptosis by suppressing the BIRC3 gene expression in human proximal tubular cells (HK-2 cells). BIRC3, a member of BIRC family, inhibits apoptosis by suppressing caspase activity. Cd has been shown to induce caspase-3 activation through the suppression of BIRC3 expression in HK-2 cells. In this study, we examined Birc family gene expression in the kidney and liver of mice exposed to Cd for 67 weeks. Cd exposure decreased the expression of Birc3 in the kidney but increased Birc3 expression in the liver of mice. In our previous in vitro study, Cd decreased BIRC3 expression predominantly in proximal tubular cells. The present findings strongly indicate that the decrease in BIRC3 gene expression is implicated in the induction of apoptosis by Cd in proximal tubules.
Host stage selection and sex allocation by Anagyrus mangicola (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a parasitoid of the mango mealybug, Rastrococcus invadens (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae).

Abstract Host stage selection and sex allocation behaviors by Anagyrus mangicola Noyes were studied in choice and no-choice experiments in the laboratory. All host instars of the mango mealybug (MM), Rastrococcus invadens Williams (Hem., Pseudococcidae), were parasitized. First instars were less often encountered, seldom stung, and parasitized. They were, however, preferred for host feeding. Handling time per host decreased with increasing host size. Female wasps recognized previously parasitized hosts and, in cases where they attacked them, did not oviposit into them. The sex ratio of emerging parasitoids, expressed as proportion of males, was lowest when MM were parasitized as mature adult females and increased with decreasing host size, from young adult females to first instars. Female wasps emerging from any size of host were always larger than the corresponding males. Male size increased with that of the host, while female size was independent of host instar at oviposition. The possible impact of A. mangicola as a complementary natural enemy to Gyranusoidea tebygi Noyes (Hym., Encyrtidae), for the biological control of MM, is discussed.
Urinary nitrogen concentration of cows grazing fodder beet, kale and kale-oat forage systems in winter

Urinary nitrogen (N) concentration has an environmental impact due to its effect on localised N load in urine patches, which subsequently determines nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide emissions. While the N concentration of the urine of cows grazing pasture has been relatively well characterised, the N concentration of urine of cows grazing winter forage crops is less well described. Urinary N concentration of dairy cows grazing three different winter crops was measured over two winters: fodder beet (FB); early-sown kale (EK); and late-sown kale with oats grown in sequence (LK). The crops were grown under irrigation on a free-draining Balmoral soil. There were two replicates of each treatment, with 35-58 cows per treatment group allocated the following feed (kg DM/cow/day): EK, 14 kg kale + 3 kg barley straw; LK, 11 kg kale + 5 kg green chop oat silage; FB, 8 kg fodder beet + 6 kg pasture baleage. Urinary N concentration was low, and similar for cows offered EK, LK and FB (2.3, 2.7 and 2.1 g N/L, respectively). These low urinary N concentrations may limit opportunities to further reduce nitrate leaching through dietary manipulation of cows grazing winter crops.
Birth Weight and Infant Health for Multiple Births

I provide plausibly causal estimates of the effect of birth weight using data from the universe of twins, triplets, and quadruplets born between 1995 and 2000 in the United States. Infants from higher-order multiple births have lower birth weights, but experience smaller reductions in infant health when they are low birth weight. OLS estimates using a rich set of controls show that this result holds when comparing singletons to multiples and when analyzing historical data from before the widespread use of in vitro fertilization. These results suggest that the paradox of low birth weight remains even after controlling for unobserved maternal heterogeneity.
Cyclopiazonic acid: 50th anniversary of its discovery

In 1968, the mycotoxin cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) was first discovered and characterised as a chemical substance. Within the following five decades, much has been learned from the results of CPA research. CPA is produced by several Penicillium species (P. griseofulvum, P. camemberti, P. commune, P. dipodomyicola) and Aspergillus species (A. flavus, A. oryzae and A. tamarii). It is widespread on naturally contaminated agricultural raw materials. CPA has been reported to occur in food commodities (e.g. oilseeds, nuts, cereals, dried figs, milk, cheese and meat products) and to possess toxicological significance. CPA is also frequently detected in peanuts and maize; the presence of CPA and aflatoxins in maize and peanuts contaminated with A. flavus suggests that synergism may occur. CPA is toxic to several animal species, such as rats, pigs, guinea pigs, poultry and dogs. After ingesting CPA-contaminated feeds, test animals display severe gastrointestinal upsets and neurological disorders. Organs affected incl.
Quantitative digital microscopy with deep learning

Video microscopy has a long history of providing insights and breakthroughs for a broad range of disciplines, from physics to biology. Image analysis to extract quantitative information from video microscopy data has traditionally relied on algorithmic approaches, which are often difficult to implement, time consuming, and computationally expensive. Recently, alternative data-driven approaches using deep learning have greatly improved quantitative digital microscopy, potentially offering automatized, accurate, and fast image analysis. However, the combination of deep learning and video microscopy remains underutilized primarily due to the steep learning curve involved in developing custom deep-learning solutions. To overcome this issue, we introduce a software, DeepTrack 2.0, to design, train and validate deep-learning solutions for digital microscopy. We use it to exemplify how deep learning can be employed for a broad range of applications, from particle localization, tracking and characterization to cell counting and classification. Thanks to its user-friendly graphical interface, DeepTrack 2.0 can be easily customized for user-specific applications, and, thanks to its open-source object-oriented programming, it can be easily expanded to add features and functionalities, potentially introducing deep-learning-enhanced video microscopy to a far wider audience.
N-Phenacylthiazolium Salts as Inhibitors of Cholinesterases

Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase is considered as a promising approach for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we demonstrated that 5-substituted N -phenacylthiazolium derivatives are capable of inhibiting acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities with IC 50 values in the micromolar range. Some of the new thiazolium-based inhibitiors showed more than 10-fold selectivity for butyrylcholinesterase. Kinetic experiments and molecular docking were performed for understanding the inhibition mechanisms.
Evaluation of common in vitro used chemicals' effect on motility and chromatin stability of boar spermatozoa

Χημικές ουσίeς όπως η ηπαρίνη, το ιοντοφόρο ασβέστιο (Α23187) και το διμeθυλοσουλφοξeίδιο (DMSO) χρησιμοποιούνται eυρέως κατά την eφαρμογή in vitro δοκιμών eκτίμησης της λeιτουργικότητας των σπeρματοζωαρίων, μeταξύ των οποίων η eνeργοποίηση και η πρόκληση της αντίδρασης του ακροσώματος. To DMSO, πέραν της διαδeδομένης χρήσης του ως κρυοπροστατeυτικό, χρησιμοποιeίται eπιπλέον ως διαλύτης πλήθους χημικών eνώσeων σe vitro πeιραματισμούς. Σύνηθeς φαινόμeνο eίναι η τροποποίηση των πρωτοκόλλων των διαγνωστικών δοκιμών μέσω της αλλαγής της συγκέντρωσης των προαναφeρόμeνωνχημικών ουσιών. Οι μeταβολές αυτές θα μπορούσαν να eπηρeάσουν χαρακτηριστικά του σπέρματος που σχeτίζονται άμeσα μe τη γονιμοποιητική του ικανότητα. Σκοπός της παρούσας eργασίας ήταν ηδιeρeύνηση της in vitro eπίδρασης διαφόρων συγκeντρώσeων α) ηπαρίνης (2, 4, 6, 8 και 10 μg/ml), β) ιοντοφόρου ασβeστίου Α23187 (10, 20, 30 μΜ) και γ) DMSO (1, 2, 3 % ο/ο), στην κινητικότητα και την ακeραιότητα της χρωματίνης των σπeρματοζωαρίων του κάπρου. Eπιλέχτηκανκαι χρησιμοποιήθηκαν 8 σπeρματοδότeς κάπροι και eξeτάστηκαν 20 eκσπeρματίσματα σe χρονικό διάστημα 5 μηνών (Οκτώβριο μe Φeβρουάριο). Η eκτίμηση της κινητικότητας του σπέρματος έγινe μe τη χρήση μικροσκοπίου μe θeρμαινόμeνηeπιφάνeια, eνώ η κατάσταση της χρωματίνης του πυρήνα των σπeρματοζωαρίων μeλeτήθηκe μe την eφαρμογή της δοκιμήςπορτοκαλόχρουν της ακριδίνης. Τα αποτeλέσματα της έρeυνας έδeιξαν ότι η προσθήκη ηπαρίνης, Α23187 και DMSO σe συγκeντρώσeις 8 - 10 μg/ml, 10 μΜ και 1%, αντίστοιχα, eίναι ασφαλής για την in vitro μeταχeίριση του σπέρματος του κάπρου,δίχως κίνδυνο υποβάθμισης της κινητικότητας και της ποιότητας της χρωματίνης του πυρήνα των σπeρματοζωαρίων.