Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Latitudinal patterns in seagrass epifauna: Do patterns exist, and can they be explained?

Seagrass-associated epifauna of several taxa constitute a major parallel element of seagrass communities over a range of latitudes. Hypotheses relating to latitudinal variation of several factors (e.g., predation, competition, primary production, habitat structure, stability and time) have been proposed to explain geographic variation in the structure of biological systems. We have summarized available information to firstly determine whether any latitudinal patterns exist for the seagrass-associated epifauna, and secondly to examine hypotheses which might explain observed patterns. Diversity and density of various seagrass epifaunal groups showed inconsistent latitudinal patterns. Diversity of decapod and amphipod crustaceans increased significantly with decreasing latitude, while diversity of isopods and fishes showed nonsignificant trends with latitude. Amphipod diversity was highly correlated with seagrass biomass over the range of latitudes. However, density of amphipods showed no pattern with either latitude or seagrass biomass; large within-site differences may have overwhelmed latitudinal patterns. For seagrass-associated amphipods, two parameters presumably related to predation intensity showed contradictory patterns. Size of individuals generally decreased toward the tropics, yet susceptibility to predators showed weak trends of increasing in the tropics. We found little support for the assumed gradients of those hypotheses proposed to explain latitudinal patterns in biota. Only a weak trend of increasing seagrass production toward the tropics was found; there was no relationship between latitude and seagrass biomass (=habitat complexity in part), epiphyte species richness (=habitat heterogeneity in part), or predator abundance. No data were available comparing actual intensity of predation on seagrass fauna or on proposed gradients of stability and competition. The patterns found were not consistent with the predictions of any single hypothesis. Contrary to evidence from other biological systems, it appears that latitude is, in general, an inconsistent predictor of differences in structure of the epifaunal component of seagrass communities. Although we did find some latitudinal patterns of increasing diversity and susceptibility to predators and decreasing size of individual amphipods toward the tropics, we were astonished by the lack of data supporting the assumptions of hypotheses concerning primary productivity, stability, time, competition, predation and habitat heterogeneity and complexity.
Enhanced routing for secured ad-hoc network

A self-configured network forming an arbitrary topology of mobile routers through wireless connection is commonly referred as MANET (mobile ad-hoc network). Random movement of routers allows the network to organize arbitrarily hence rapid unpredictable changes may occur in the topology of the wireless network. When there is no possibility of setting up permanent networks, MANETs are set up for carrying out the operations temporarily. As there is no fixed frame for this system, usage of available resources for reliable communication is a great challenge for MANETs. The nodes participating in packet routing in ad-hoc networks faces security issues such as maintaining the confidentiality of the packets, integration, availability of the network to meet the traffic, requirement of authentication for reliable data communication etc. Dropping of packets maliciously in an attack is known as black hole attack.An attempt is made in this paper to detect dynamically using the security of cross layer called as honeypot and classify the mechanisms to understand the strengths & threats of the protocols used for routing to suggest a concrete solution for the problems related to the mobile ad-hoc networks. The methodology of honeypot detects and isolates the attacks of the black hole. The results prove better delivery of packets with decreased load of the network.
The effects of wheat germ oil and linoleic acid on growth and reproduction of the house cricket.

Lipid other than sterol improves the growth and development of nymphs of Acheta domesticus (L.), as shown by the effect of adding wheat germ oil and linoleic acid to the diet. Such lipid is also necessary for reproduction: the effect appears to be on the male, but may also be on the female.
Effect of Delayed-Release Supplements in Grain-Based Substrate on Yield of the Mushroom Agaricus bisporus

Non-composted grain-based substrates mixed with delayed-release supplements were used as a mushroom substrate to test suitability for mushroom production as a replacement for the environmentally problematic composted substrate. Five delayed-release supplements (S41, S44, Promycel Target, T6, and T7) were added at seven levels (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%) to a non-composted substrate composed of commercial millet grain spawn. Overall, mushroom yield, substrate bioefficiency (fresh weight of mushrooms / dry weight of substrate), and mean mushroom weight increased with the addition of the supplements when compared to the 0% supplement treatment. The highest mushroom yield and substrate bioefficiency were observed for the 20% S41 treatment, which produced 13.7 kg m-2 of mushrooms with a corresponding substrate bioefficiency of 133.7%. The observed yield and substrate bioefficiency were considerably higher for S41 than for Promycel Target, S44, T6, and T7. Mean mushroom weight was highest for the 20% T6 treatment (34 g), and higher mean mushroom weights typically corresponded to treatments with lower mushroom yield. Substrate temperatures for the different treatments were either similar to or lower than the ambient air temperature. Hence, substrate overheating as encountered in compost-based substrate was ruled out as being the reason for lower yields observed at the higher rates of supplementation.
Implications of the precautionary approach for the management of the European eel, Anguilla anguilla

The European eel, Anguilla anguilla (L.), has a complex life history and many aspects of the biology and population dynamics of this species remain unknown or, at best, poorly understood. Relatively little is also known about the status of the stocks and fisheries, but available data suggest that recruitment of glass eels has been falling for the last 20 years and is at historically low levels. Yellow and silver eel catches have also been falling in many parts of the species range over a similar time-scale. Re-examination of the principles applied to fisheries management over recent years has resulted in the adoption of a ‘precautionary approach’ to the conservation, management and exploitation of fish stocks, and in an explicit need to take account of uncertainties in management to reduce risks to stocks and their environment. Such an approach is highly relevant to the management of the European eel and requires that urgent consideration is given to harvest strategies and decision structures for the national and international management of stocks and fisheries. Provisional biological reference levels should be established to provide an equable assessment of the status of stocks in all parts of Europe and to evaluate the need for management measures in all fisheries. These will need to be reviewed as further information comes available. Monitoring and research on eel stocks should therefore be enhanced and co-ordinated to improve our understanding of the status of stocks throughout Europe and the biology of the species.
Ready the Canons: The Role of Canonical Stories in Organizational Sensemaking

This article examines the role of canonical stories in sensemaking. Canonical stories are known by members of a group; storytellers can refer to the shared narratives as repositories of meaning. While the sensemaking literature includes multiple studies of stories and storytelling, no studies have explicitly examined the role of canonical stories in sensemaking. Interviews with 55 top leaders in U.S. Catholic universities confronting a fraught issue in their institutions (undocumented student access) indicate a variety of ways that canonical stories operate in their sensemaking. Respondents referred to community narratives, canonical stories that hold specific meaning for their university communities. They told generic or stereotypical stories and fragments as shorthand in their communication. They also used counterfactuals as referents for their sensemaking. These findings help us better understand the role and importance of canonical stories in organizational sensemaking.
Planned Economy and Economic Planning: What "The People's Republic of Walmart" Got Wrong about the Nature of Economic Planning

Leigh Phillips and Michal Rozworski’s _The People’s Republic of Walmart_ entered the scene in 2019 with the remarkable idea that mammoth firms such as Walmart and Amazon, by being able to direct huge volumes of resources—sometimes with the capacity of entire countries—without an inner market to signal prices, are living evidence of the viability of a collectively planned economy. Moreover, they argue that the nondemocratic command system that often accompanies the structure of firms is due to their operation in a profit-seeking market system. Using the Austrian arguments propounded during the economic calculation debate, this essay shows that not only are firms, like other organizations, unable to substitute the market in coordinating their economic plans, but that their nondemocratic elements arise precisely from their function as “miniature planned economies,” demonstrating that the authors have misunderstood the nature of economic planning in a market economy. It is further argued that the problems that a planned economy would face without market signals would no less obstruct the efficient and successful operation of private firms if they ever tried to eliminate the market creating them.
A Convolutional Neural Network-Based Patent Image Retrieval Method for Design Ideation

The patent database is often used in searches of inspirational stimuli for innovative design opportunities because of its large size, extensive variety and rich design information in patent documents. However, most patent mining research only focuses on textual information and ignores visual information. Herein, we propose a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based patent image retrieval method. The core of this approach is a novel neural network architecture named Dual-VGG that is aimed to accomplish two tasks: visual material type prediction and international patent classification (IPC) class label prediction. In turn, the trained neural network provides the deep features in the image embedding vectors that can be utilized for patent image retrieval and visual mapping. The accuracy of both training tasks and patent image embedding space are evaluated to show the performance of our model. This approach is also illustrated in a case study of robot arm design retrieval. Compared to traditional keyword-based searching and Google image searching, the proposed method discovers more useful visual information for engineering design.
Enhanced Percutaneous Delivery of Methotrexate Using Micelles Prepared with Novel Cationic Amphipathic Material

Background Methotrexate (MTX) is an antiproliferative drug widely used to treat inflammatory diseases and autoimmune diseases. The application of percutaneous administration is hindered due to its poor transdermal penetration. To reduce side effects and enhanced percutaneous delivery of MTX, novel methotrexate (MTX)-loaded micelles prepared with a amphiphilic cationic material, N,N-dimethyl-(N′,N′-di-stearoyl-1-ethyl)1,3-diaminopropane (DMSAP), was designed. Materials and Methods DMSAP was synthesized via three steps using simple chemical agents. H nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy were used to confirm the successful synthesis of DMSAP. A safe and non-toxic phosphatidylcholine, soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC), was added to DMSAP at different ratios to form P/D-micelles. Then, MTX-entrapped micelles (M/P/D-micelles) were prepared by electrostatic adsorption. The physicochemical properties and blood stability of micelles were examined thoroughly. In addition, the transdermal potential of the micelles was evaluated by permeation experiments. Results In aqueous environments, DMSAP conjugates could self-assemble spontaneously into micelles with a low critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 0.056 mg/mL. Stable, spherical MTX-entrapped micelles (M/P/D-micelles) with a size of 100–120 nm and high zeta potential of +36.26 mV were prepared. In vitro permeation studies showed that M/P/D-micelles exhibited superior skin permeability and deposition of MTX in the epidermis and dermis compared with that of free MTX. Conclusion These special novel cationic M/P/D-micelles can enhance the permeability of MTX and are expected to be a promising percutaneous delivery system for therapy skin diseases.
Using Eye-Tracking Techniques to Understand the Role of Attention on Choice and Reversals

A preference reversal (PR) refers to behavior that violates revealed preference or is simply incoherent – i.e., not explainable by a rational ordering. In a classical PR experiment, for instance, participants often exhibit greater risk aversion in a Choice-based revelation procedure than in an Evaluation-based one, i.e., choose the safer of two gambles but express a higher monetary valuation for the riskier. We conjecture that PRs are partly due to the interaction between attention and task mode, and explore three compatible explanations using eye-tracking techniques. Explanation 1 says that difficult tasks require more time to be performed without ‘mistakes’. Those who pay scarcely more attention to Evaluation than Choice, therefore, are more likely to act incoherently. Our data corroborate such a prediction. Explanation 2 assumes that the subjective value of (i) a bet or (ii) any of its attributes (prize and winning probability) depends on the attention paid to it. PRs occur when people allocate attention to different elements across tasks. In line with recent models of drift-diffusion, we find evidence consistent with point (i): a higher focus on the safer bet during Choice predicts PRs. In contrast, little evidence supports the idea (ii) that the share of fixations on probabilities versus prizes influences behavior or PRs. Explanation 3, finally, states that the nature of the tasks may affect the comparisons people make between the options, which are relevant for behavior. For instance, the cognitive difficulty of pricing a bet in Evaluation could distract attention from the relative risk across bets, thus reducing risk aversion. In our design, both bets are visible on the computer screen in both tasks, and subjects make substantially more transitions between bets in Choice. Yet this is observed among all participants, not only the reversers.
Increasing codend mesh openings: an appropriate strategy for improving the selectivity of penaeid fishing gears in an Australian estuary?

This study investigates the effects of increasing the lateral mesh openings in codends on the size and species selectivity of lagoon and river seines and a stow net used to target penaeid prawns (eastern king (Penaeus plebejus), school (Metapenaeus macleayi) and greasyback prawns (M. bennettae)) in Wallis Lake, New South Wales, Australia. Compared with conventional codends made from 36-mm diamond-shaped mesh, new designs made from 25- and 29-mm mesh hung on the bar (i.e. square-shaped mesh) significantly reduced the catches of non-target fish (by between 58 and 95%) and improved size selection for the targeted penaeids in the stow net and lagoon seine. In contrast, owing to gear-specific operational characteristics such as a slower hauling speed, there were few detectable effects of altering mesh openings in the codend of the river seine. The results are discussed in terms of the differences in the gears used and their particular selection mechanisms. We conclude that, pending further trials, codends made from a mesh size approaching 29 mm, hung on the bar, would provide appropriate size- and species-selection for Wallis Lake stow nets and lagoon seines. Further research is required, however, to examine the utility of operational changes to river seines and/or alterations to mesh size and configuration in the wings and body to improve selectivity.
Development of Acartia bifilosa (Copepoda: Calanoida) eggs in the northern Baltic Sea with specialreference to dormancy

Development of eggs produced by Acartia bifilosa in summer and autumn was studied in the northern Baltic Sea. Resting eggs of the species have previously been found in sediments, and the aim of this study was to reveal the type of dormancy in the eggs. Eggs were incubated at temperatures ranging from 1.5 to 18°C. The effect of continuous darkness on hatching was also tested. Hatching success in the experiments varied between 56 and 97%. Egg development was similar in summer and autumn, indicating that A. bifilosa does not produce diapause eggs in the area. Furthermore, dormancy was not induced at any of the temperatures tested, nor by darkness. Results are compared with those of Castro-Longoria and Williams (Castro-Longoria and Williams, 1999b, J. Plankton Res., 21, 65-84) who studied A. bifilosa in the English Channel, where both production of diapause eggs and arrest of development in the subitaneous eggs at low temperatures occurred. The possible causes of the difference in dormancy strategies in the two areas are discussed.
Ethical Leadership and Team Ethical Voice and Citizenship Behavior in the Military: The Roles of Team Moral Efficacy and Ethical Climate

In recent years, unethical conduct (e.g., Enron, Lehman Brothers, Oxfam, Volkswagen) has become an important issue in management; relatedly, there is growing interest regarding the nature and implications of ethical leadership. Drawing from social learning theory, we posited that ethical leadership would positively relate to team ethical voice and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) through team moral efficacy. Furthermore, building on social information processing theory and the social intuitionist model, we expected these effects to be accentuated in teams with a strong ethical climate. Using survey data from subordinates and leaders pertaining to 150 teams from the Republic of Korea Army, ethical leadership was found to indirectly relate to increased team ethical voice and OCB directed at individuals and the organization through team moral efficacy. These relationships tended to be amplified among teams with a strong ethical climate. In addition, these findings persisted while controlling for transformational leadership, thereby highlighting the incremental value of ethical leadership for team outcomes. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Vocabulary structure affects word recognition: Evidence from German listeners

Lexical stress is realised similarly in English, German, and Dutch. On a suprasegmental level, stressed syllables tend to be longer and more acoustically salient than unstressed syllables; segmentally, vowels in unstressed syllables are often reduced. The frequency of unreduced unstressed syllables (where only the suprasegmental cues indicate lack of stress) however, differs across the languages. The present studies test whether listener behaviour is affected by these vocabulary differences, by investigating German listeners’ use of suprasegmental cues to lexical stress in German and English word recognition. In a forced-choice identification task, German listeners correctly assigned single-syllable fragments (e.g., Kon -) to one of two words differing in stress ( KONto , konZEPT ). Thus, German listeners can exploit suprasegmental information for identifying words. German listeners also performed above chance in a similar task in English (with, e.g., DIver, diVERT ), i.e., their sensitivity to these cues also transferred to a non-native language. An English listener group, in contrast, failed in the English fragment task. These findings mirror vocabulary patterns: German has more words with unreduced unstressed syllables than English does.
Treatment Strategies for Toxic Protein Progerin: Hutchinson- Gilford Progeria Syndrome

HutchinsonGilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS; MIM 176670) is a rare fatal genetic disorder similar to a rapidly increasing age in symptoms. Aging is the main risk factor for heart diseases. It is becoming more prevalent in our societies. HutchinsonGilford Progeria Syndrome is an extremely infrequent inherited disease characterized by too early and fast aging immediately after being born. It a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder, in 1 to 4 million births, for which there is no known cure. Children with HGPS succumb to myocardial infection and stroke in their teens and die of progressive vascular disease at an average age of 14 years. The average life of a child with HGPS is about 13 years. Some can die young with the disease and others may live longer, even for 20 years. The aim of this review is to understand the various aspects of disease special emphasis on pathophysiology, symptoms’, and recent trends in medicine and future treatments. Different treatment strategies could be used for the treatment of HGPS including ATPbased therapy, MB treatment, CRISPR Cas9. Vascular calcification results by pyrophosphate deficiency in children with HGPS. The mechanisms involved in vascular calcification in children with HGPS analyzed by the researches on mouse. ATP-based therapy could be used as treatment strategy for this devastating disease and other pyrophosphate related diseases. As HGPS is caused by C to T mutation in 11 exon, LMNA gene instead of activating cryptic site leaves amino acid codes unchanged that result in deletion of amino acids. These changes involves in different mechanisms like mitosis aberration, altered chromatin organization, transcriptional organization that causes nuclear abnormalities. Mitochondria is very intense organelle that plays very important role in our body, it also acts as key element in aging. Abnormal mitochondria can cause many damages by increasing levels of reactive oxygen species and altering DNA and protein structures. Mitochondrial abnormalities also reported in HGPS fibroblasts along with depletion of ATP and altered levels of ROS. HGPS fibroblasts of mouse are treated with methylene blue (MB), an antioxidant that normalizes the mitochondrial abnormalities and aging phenotypes in mouse.
Effect of [EMIM]Ac Recycling on Salix gracilistyla Miq. Pretreatment for Enzymatic Saccharification

1) Recycling of ionic liquid (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, [EMIM]Ac) after the pretreatment of Salix gracilistyla Miq. was conducted and the effect of the recycling number on the enzymatic saccharification yield was investigated. Enzymatic saccharification was performed using an enzyme cocktail (Acremonium cellulase and Optimash BG) at 50 °C for 72 h. All recycled [EMIM]Ac samples showed a lower amount of water soluble fraction than pure [EMIM]Ac. On increasing the recycling number from 1 to 4, the amount of water soluble fraction decreased from 18% to 15%. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the products pretreated with recycled [EMIM]Ac showed cellulose I crystalline polymorph. The crystallinity of the product pretreated with recycled [EMIM]Ac was 47-49%, which was lower than 33% of that with pure [EMIM]Ac. The yields of glucose and xylose decreased in the pretreatment with recycled [EMIM]Ac compared to that with pure [EMIM]Ac.