Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rediscovery of Lonchophylla bokermanni Sazima, Vizotto and Taddei, 1978 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae: Lonchophyllinae) in Minas Gerais, and new records for Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil

We report the rediscovery of Lonchophylla bokermanni – a species threatened by extinction in Brazil – in Minas Gerais after 25 years (where it was known only from the type-locality), and add three new localities from Espirito Santo, southeastern Brazil. The external and craniodental measurements of the additional specimens fall within the expected range of values for L. bokermanni , although specimens from the Atlantic Rainforest (Rio de Janeiro and Espirito Santo) show a tendency to be smaller.
Adaptive divergence in brain composition between ecologically distinct incipient species

During ecological speciation diverging populations are exposed to contrasting sensory and spatial information that present new behavioral and perceptive challenges. Here, we investigate how brain composition evolves during the early stages of speciation. The incipient species pair, Heliconius erato cyrbia and H. himera, have parapatric ranges across an environmental and altitudinal gradient. Despite continuing gene-flow, these species have divergent ecological, behavioral and physiological traits. We demonstrate that these incipient species also differ significantly in brain composition, especially in the size of sensory structures. H. erato has larger visual components whilst H. himera invests more heavily in olfaction. These differences are not explained by environmentally-induced plasticity, but reflect non-allometric shifts in brain structure. Our results suggest the adaptive evolution of brain structure and function play an important role in facilitating the emergence of ecologically distinct species, and imply that plasticity alone may be insufficient to meet the demands of novel environments.
ON THOMAS’ ALGORITHM: A STUDY OF EFFICIENT SOLUTIONS TO FINITE DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS IN MATHEMATICAL FINANCE

Finite difference methods remain a popular tool in the study of partial differential equations in mathematical finance; particularly vis-à-vis problems in asset pricing. However, much of the existing body of financial literature puts substantial emphasis on the conceptual framework and numerical stability of the various schemes, whilst the linear algebra aspects such as the computational complexity of various linear equation solvers are handled rudimentarily if not passed over in silence. This is unfortunate, as a careless implementation can lead to a computational complexity several orders of magnitude greater than what truly is called for. Thus, we review Llewellyn Thomas’ elegant algorithm for solving triangular matrix problems inherent to several popular finite difference approaches when applied to problems with one spatial dimension. As a bit of quasi-novelty, we generalise the algorithm to multi-dimensional problems, carefully explicating important points and pitfalls along the way. Fully functional MATLAB implementations are supplied in the appendix. 1. THOMAS’ ALGORITHM The story of how to set up and solve PDEs in option pricing using finite difference methods is one that has echoed into the furthest corners of quantitative finance. It is thus not altogether unreasonable to treat this subject laconically and in recapitulatory terms, under the assumption that the reader already has established a modicum of familiarity with the field. Those who seek a deeper understanding of the intricacies of finite difference methodologies are referred to the specialist literature for details [5, 7, 8]. 1.1. Numerical Solutions to PDEs in One Spatial Dimension. Suppose we wish to price a contingent claim on some underlying quantity which can be modelled as a stochastic differential equation. Specifically, assume that the risk neutral dynamics of the underlying follows some generic local volatility model dXt = μ(Xt, t)dt + σ(Xt, t)dW Q t for t ∈ [0, T ], where μ is the risk-neutral drift rate and σ denotes the volatility. Furthermore, let the terminal pay-off of the contingent claim be of the form Φ(XT ). If we let f(x, t) : R × [0, T ] 7→ R denote the time t value of the contingent claim, where Xt = x, then a simple replicating argument shows that f obeys the PDE ∂f ∂t (x, t) + μ(x, t) ∂f ∂x (x, t) + 12σ(x, t) 2 ∂ f ∂x2 (x, t)− r(x, t)f(x, t) = 0, (1) (x, t) ∈ R × [0, T ), with terminal condition f(x, T ) = Φ(x), ∀x ∈ R, where r(x, t) has the interpretation of a local risk free rate. Generally, (1) does not admit analytical solutions, which prompts us to seek speedy and stable numerical solution algorithms instead. The basic idea is here to rewrite the governing PDE as a system of difference equations which can be solved iteratively backwards in time. To †: Contact info of author: Department of Mathematical Sciences, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark. Email: ellersgaard@math.ku. dk.
The Capital Structure Choice in Tax Contrasting Environments: Evidence from the Jordanian, Kuwaiti, Omani and Saudi Corporate Sectors

The capital structure choice has long been an issue of great interest in the corporate finance literature. This interest is due to the fact that the mix of funds (leverage ratio) affects the cost and availability of capital and thus, firms’ investment decisions. To date, much of the empirical research has been applied on companies listed on advanced stock markets. This paper examines the nature and determinants of the capital structure choice of Jordanian, Kuwaiti, Omani and Saudi Arabian non-financial listed companies. Based on the time period 1996-2001, the results indicate that the Jordanian, Kuwaiti, Omani and Saudi Arabian companies have low leverage ratios. In addition, the results show that Jordanian companies hold the lowest mean value of long-term debt. This is surprising given the fact that they are subjected to the highest tax rate. Finally, the empirical results indicate that the financing decisions of Jordanian, Kuwaiti, Omani and Saudi companies can be explained by the determinants suggested by main – stream corporate finance models.
Culture and Leadership Are Simply Two Sides of the Same Coin

Ahmad Yousef Areiqata, Yacoub Hamdanb, Ahmad.M.A.Zamilc, Omar Horanid, Abeer Fayez Al-Khourye, aProfessor, Department of Business Administration, Business School, Al-Ahliyya Amman University. Amman Jordan, bAssociate Professor, Department of Business Administration, Business School, Al-Ahliyya Amman University. Amman Jordan, cAssociate Professor, Department of Marketing, College of Business Administration, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, 165 Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia, dLecturer, Department of Electronic business and Commerce, Business School, AlAhliyya Amman University. Amman Jordan, eAssociate Professor, King Talal School of Business Technology, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Email: aahmadareiqat@ammanu.edu. jo, by.hamdan@ammanu.edu. jo, cam.zamil@psau.edu. sa, do.horani@ammanu.edu. jo, ea.khoury@psut.edu. jo
Safety Evaluation Approach for Hydropower Construction Based on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set

Owing to the complex construction environment for hydropower construction (HC) and the differences in evaluation experts, there is uncertainty involving in the evaluation information, which is prone to produce evaluation deviation. Describing uncertain information accurately and adequately is difficult for traditional safety evaluation approaches, which results in the inconsistency of the assessment with actual situations in most cases. Therefore, a novel safety evaluation approach for HC based on intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) was proposed to describe and handle the imprecise or not totally reliable evaluation information. Firstly, the limitations and irrationalities of existing score functions were illustrated through numerical examples, and a novel score function was constructed according to the characteristics of the safety assessment process and the IFS theory. Then the properties of the mentioned score function were discussed, and the superiority of the proposed score function were exhibited by comparison with existing score functions. Furthermore, the safety evaluation index system of HC was established, and a safety evaluation approach based on IFS was proposed with the novel score function. Lastly, the evaluation approach was applied to the case of Maojiahe hydropower station in Guizhou Province of China. Results indicate that the safety evaluation approach based on IFS can deal with the uncertain evaluation information effectively and properly; the evaluation results are in accordance with the actual construction conditions; the approach is characterized by flexibility and can be extended to solve other uncertain decision-making problems. The findings in this study indicate that the proposed approach is feasible and valid for the safety evaluation for HC, which has a significant meaning in providing decision support for enhancing the management of construction safety.
A Deep Perspective on the ArchiMate Modeling Language and Standard

Given the scale, complexity and variety of enterprise architectures, approaches for modeling them need to be as simple and flexible as possible in order to minimize the accidental complexity within enterprise architecture models. Multi-level modeling techniques offer an effective way of achieving this but to date there has been little research into how they could contribute to enterprise architecture modeling. In this article we therefore explore how the former could be best leveraged within the latter by considering the modeling goals, architecture and principles of one of the most concrete and widely used enterprise architecture modeling standards: ArchiMate. More specifically, we discuss how the conceptual integrity of the ArchiMate standard and modeling experience could be enhanced using multi-level modeling principles. In our discussions, we focus on a specific variant of multi-level modeling, called deep modeling, which is based on the notions of orthogonal classification and deep instantiation.
Evaluation of Tylosin in Preventing Egg Transmission of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in Chickens

Tylosin has been found to be an effective antibiotic against Mycoplasma gallisepticum (1,2,11). Crawley and Fahey (4) suggested repeated injections of an antibiotic into breeding hens to prevent the transmission of M. gacllisepticum through eggs. Osborn and Pomeroy (8) failed to eliminate egg transmission in turkeys by injecting and feeding antibiotic. The technique of dipping fertile eggs in antibiotic solutions prior to incubation in an attempt to control this mode of transmission of M. gallisepticum has been reported by a number of investigators (3,5,6,7,9). The objectives of this study were threefold: 1) To establish a technique for producing a high rate of egg transmission following artificial inoculation of chickens with M. gallisepticum. 2) To determine the effectiveness of tylosin treatment of chickens in preventing egg transmission. 3) To determine the effectiveness with which M. gallisepticum within the egg was inactivated by dipping in tylosin solution.
Sex, Socioeconomic and Regional Disparities in BMI Trajectories across Childhood and Their Implications on Underweight and Overweight in Reform-era China

Based on a longitudinal dataset of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), we employ growth curve models to examine sex, socioeconomic and regional disparities in BMI trajectories across childhood and their implications on underweight and overweight in reform-era China. Sex, family income, rural-urban residency and geographical locations (but not for parental education) are found to be significantly associated with differential age trajectories in childhood underweight and overweight from age 6 and age 16. For a specific socio-demographic group, children who have lower prevalence of underweight in the transition from childhood to adolescence (such as boys, children from high-income families, children living in urban areas, northern China or non-western regions) also exhibit higher prevalence of overweight than their counterparts do. Moreover, the age interval during which children are more vulnerable to the increase in underweight is different from that of overweight (age 12 is the tipping
Proposal for compilation techniques of monitoring tasks to improve applications management performance

The emergence of middleware solutions and new services, even on small devices, will need adapted distributed management solutions which address these specificities, both in terms of software design and in terms of performance. We propose a management system where these high-level and low-level management concerns are separated. In particular for JAVA based solutions, we suggest a low-level management agent tightly tied to the JVM/JVMTI and able to receive and to manipulate programmable monitoring expressions. To avoid conflicts with applications already using JVMTI instrumentation techniques, we dynamically compile these expressions into machine code to reduce overload and minimize performance lost
Role of energy systems in two intermittent field tests in women field hockey players.

Lemmink, K.A. P.M. , and S.H. Visscher. Role of en- ergy systems in two intermittent field tests in women field hock- ey players. J. Strength Cond. Res. 20(3):682-688. 2006. —The en- ergetics of 2 field tests that reflect physical performance in in- termittent sports (i.e., the Interval Shuttle Sprint Test (ISST) and the Interval Shuttle Run Test (ISRT)) were examined in 21 women field hockey players. The ISST required the players to perform 10 shuttle sprints starting every 20 seconds. During the ISRT, players alternately ran 20-m shuttles for 30 seconds and walked for 15 seconds with increasing speed. Anaerobic and aer- obic power tests included Wingate cycle sprints and a VO2max cycle test, respectively. Based on correlation and regression analyses, it was concluded that for the ISST, anaerobic energetic pathways contribute mainly to energy supply for peak sprint time, while aerobic energetic pathways also contribute to energy supply for total sprint time. Energy during the ISRT is supplied mainly by the aerobic energy system. Depending on the aspect of physical performance a coach wants to determine, the ISST or ISRT can be used.
Diversity of Selaginella across altitudinal gradient of the tropical region

Setyawan AD, Supriatna J, Darnaedi D, Rokhmatuloh, Sutarno, Sugiyarto. 2016. Diversity of Selaginella across altitudinalÂ gradient of the tropical region. Biodiversitas 17: 384-400. Selaginella prefers moist environment for its growth and requires water forÂ fertilization; therefore it is often found flourish in plateau and hilly mountains with high rainfall. The aim of this research was to knowÂ species diversity of Selaginella along altitudinal gradient in the southern part of Java, Indonesia. The research was conducted betweenÂ July 2007 and January 2014across the altitudinal region of Java, Indonesia, which includes the districts of Wonosobo, Purworejo,Â Kebumen, Banjarnegara and its border areas, with altitudes between 0 and 2500 m. asl. The research found 12 selaginellas species, 10Â species collected from field research, namely: S. aristata, S. ciliaris, S. intermedia, S. involvens, S. opaca, S. ornata, S. plana, S. Â repanda, S. remotifolia, and S. uncinata; and two species only known from herbarium collection of Herbarium Bogoriense (BO), namely S. singalanensis and S. willdenowii. This research was the first publication of the Selaginella flora along altitudinal gradient from the coastal area to the high mountains of Central Java, Indonesia.
Characterisation and epitypification of Botryosphaeria corticis, the cause of blueberry cane canker

Centro de Recursos Microbiológicos, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal P.E. Marucci Center for Blueberry and Cranberry Research, Rutgers University, 125a Lake Oswego Road, Chatsworth, New Jersey 08019, USA Centro de Biologia Celular, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
Role of Oak Wood Ellagitannins in the Oxidation Process of Red Wines During Aging

The production of hydroperoxides and acetaldehyde and the kinetics of the oxidation process involving ellagitannins using model solutions containing ethanol (10% vol.), tartaric acid, iron, and copper were analyzed. Influence of oak phenolic compounds on wine aging in barrels under continuous-slow-oxidation conditions was also studied. Ellagitannins are revealed as impressive oxidation regulators, quickly absorbing the dissolved oxygen and facilitating the hydroperoxidation of wine constituents. This reaction induced tannin/anthocyanin condensation via acetaldehyde, favoring stabilization and deepening the crimson color; the limited oxidation of wine phenolic compounds prevented the development of brick-yellow color. In addition, the structure of the wine tannins was modified, reducing their astringency because of a higher polymerization level. Preliminary results on how ellagitannins affect the oxidation process of red wines are presented.
Evidence for a Common Hapten Associated with Endotoxin Fractions of E. coli and other Enterobacteriaceae. ∗

Summary Sera from rabbits immunized at 3 different laboratories with E. coli 014 antigens prepared from boiled whole cultures or with Boivin type extracts agglutinate human and sheep erythrocytes coated with lipopoly-saccharides or crude 0 antigen type preparations from a wide variety of E. coli and other Enterobacteriaceae but do not produce heterologous bacterial agglutination or precipitin formation. Inhibition and absorption studies suggest that the observed phenomena are due to a hapten associated, but not necessarily identical, with the crude endotoxin moiety of Enterobacteriaceae which is so structured in E. coli 014 as to be able to induce antibody formation.
Assessment of diagnostic value of different methods (culture, PCR and biopsy) for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in patients with bronchial anthracosis

Introduction: Although several studies have shown the relationship between tuberculosis (TB) and anthracosis, few studies have investigated the diagnostic value of various methods of diagnosis of TB in these patients. Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the diagnostic value of different methods including smear, culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) sample and bronchial biopsy specimens in the diagnosis of TB in patients with bronchial anthracosis. Patients and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 67 patients referring for bronchoscopy, and bronchial anthracosis was an incidental finding. The BAL sample and patients’ bronchial biopsies were examined for TB infection. Results: The most affected areas by anthracosis were the right and the left upper lobes. The BAL smear and its culture were positive in 12 (20%) and 10 patients (17%), respectively. The PCR of BAL sample was positive in 37%. Non-specific chronic inflammation followed by bronchial anthracosis was the most common pathologic findings. According to pathological examinations, nine patients (13%) had TB. Sensitivity and specificity of the PCR versus culture were 90% and 70%, respectively, with a diagnostic accuracy of 74%. Sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of the pathologic examination of biopsy specimen were 33%, 85% and 74%, respectively. Conclusion: Findings of this study showed that nearly one fifth of patients with bronchial anthracosis suffer from TB simultaneously. In these patients, PCR of the BAL and pathologic examination of the biopsy specimen had the same diagnostic accuracy, but the sensitivity of PCR was three times higher. However, application of PCR and pathologic examination does not seem to have more diagnostic advantages than BAL culture for the diagnosis of TB, although the results by PCR may help to diagnose the disease sooner.
When the smallest details count

The type of liquid crystals formed by smooth colloidal rods depends on their degree of curvature Natural and synthetic micro- and nanoparticles—in an appropriate solvent and within a given range of concentration, pressure, and temperature—can form colloidal liquid crystalline systems that combine the optical properties of crystals (anisotropy) and the fluidity of liquids. The particles are largely anisotropic, with one or two characteristic dimensions much larger than the third. The particles can also be bent or curved or, if derived from natural materials, can have chiral interactions, all of which can affect how the particles self-assemble and form liquid crystalline phases. On page 950 of this issue, Fernández-Rico et al. (1) report on a simple method allowing the production of large quantities of polydisperse colloidal synthetic rods from a viscous photoresin. They imposed a well-controlled curvature on these rods by fine-tuning the cross-link density of the resin and the temperature. They show that curvature has pronounced effects on the liquid crystalline phase behavior.
A Multimethod, Multicountry Evaluation of Breakpoints for Bedaquiline Resistance Determination

Criteria defining bedaquiline resistance for tuberculosis have been proposed addressing an emerging concern. We evaluated bedaquiline phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (pDST) criteria using drug-resistant tuberculosis clinical isolates tested at five reference laboratories. Isolates were tested at the proposed bedaquiline MGIT960 and 7H11 agar proportion (AP) critical concentrations and also at higher dilutions. The epidemiological cutoff value for the broth microdilution (BMD) plates (frozen and dry) was investigated. ABSTRACT Criteria defining bedaquiline resistance for tuberculosis have been proposed addressing an emerging concern. We evaluated bedaquiline phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (pDST) criteria using drug-resistant tuberculosis clinical isolates tested at five reference laboratories. Isolates were tested at the proposed bedaquiline MGIT960 and 7H11 agar proportion (AP) critical concentrations and also at higher dilutions. The epidemiological cutoff value for the broth microdilution (BMD) plates (frozen and dry) was investigated. Sanger sequencing was performed (atpE and Rv0678 genes) for any isolate testing resistant. The composite reference standard (CRS) defined susceptibility or resistance as is if all pDST methods agreed. If the pDST result was discordant, sequencing results were used for final classification. Geographically diverse and bedaquiline-unexposed isolates were tested (n = 495). The epidemiological cutoff value for BMD was confirmed to be 0.12 μg/ml. The majority of isolates were determined to be susceptible by all methods (467/495; 94.3%), and 28 were determined to be resistant by at least one method; 4 of these were determined to be resistant by all methods. Of the 28 resistant isolates, 12 harbored Rv0678 mutations exclusively. Isolates with insertions/deletions were more likely to be determined to be resistant by more than one method (5/7) compared to isolates with a single nucleotide polymorphism (1/5). Applying the CRS to 24 discordant pDST, BMD dry correctly detected most (15/24; 63%), followed by MGIT960 and BMD frozen (13/24; 61%) and lastly AP (12/24; 50%). Applying the CRS, the prevalence of bedaquiline resistance was 2.2% and ranged from 1.4 to 3.4%, depending on the method used. All methods performed well for bedaquiline susceptibility determination; however, resistance detected should be investigated by a second, alternative method.