Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mitigate the GPS ionospheric scintillation during solar flare

This paper to mitigate the Ionospheric Scintillation effect during solar flare happen on 7th June 2011. This scintillation data recorded by dual-frequency GPS Receiver, GPS ionospheric scintillation and TEC monitored (GISTM) at UKM, Malaysia (2.55°N, 101.46°E). Parameters on this study will focus on the amplitude scintillation in between 18:00 LT until 00:00 LT; 06:00 pm to 12:00 am. Observation showed that after the post sunset until midnight, the scintillation index in strong scintillation level, S4 ≥ 0.4.
Conditional expression of RPA190, the gene encoding the largest subunit of yeast RNA polymerase I: effects of decreased rRNA synthesis on ribosomal protein synthesis

The synthesis of ribosomal proteins (r proteins) under the conditions of greatly reduced RNA synthesis were studied by using a strain of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in which the production of the largest subunit (RPA190) of RNA polymerase I was controlled by the galactose promoter. Although growth on galactose medium was normal, the strain was unable to sustain growth when shifted to glucose medium. This growth defect was shown to be due to a preferential decrease in RNA synthesis caused by deprivation of RNA polymerase I. Under these conditions, the accumulation of r proteins decreased to match the rRNA synthesis rate. When proteins were pulse-labeled for short periods, no or only a weak decrease was observed in the differential synthesis rate of several r proteins (L5, L39, L29 and/or L28, L27 and/or S21) relative to those of control cells synthesizing RPA190 from the normal promoter. Degradation of these r proteins synthesized in excess was observed during subsequent chase periods. Analysis of the amounts of mRNAs for L3 and L29 and their locations in polysomes also suggested that the synthesis of these proteins relative to other cellular proteins were comparable to those observed in control cells. However, Northern analysis of several r-protein mRNAs revealed that the unspliced precursor mRNA for r-protein L32 accumulated when rRNA synthesis rates were decreased. This result supports the feedback regulation model in which excess L32 protein inhibits the splicing of its own precursor mRNA, as proposed by previous workers (M. D. Dabeva, M. A. Post-Beittenmiller, and J. R. Warner, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:5854-5857, 1986).
Structural and functional insights into the juxtamembranous amino‐terminal tail and extracellular loop regions of class B GPCRs

Class B guanine nucleotide‐binding protein GPCRs share heptahelical topology and signalling via coupling with heterotrimeric G proteins typical of the entire superfamily of GPCRs. However, they also exhibit substantial structural differences from the more extensively studied class A GPCRs. Even their helical bundle region, most conserved across the superfamily, is predicted to differ from that of class A GPCRs. Much is now known about the conserved structure of the amino‐terminal domain of class B GPCRs, coming from isolated NMR and crystal structures, but the orientation of that domain relative to the helical bundle is unknown, and even less is understood about the conformations of the juxtamembranous amino‐terminal tail or of the extracellular loops linking the transmembrane segments. We now review what is known about the structure and function of these regions of class B GPCRs. This comes from indirect analysis of structure–function relationships elucidated by mutagenesis and/or ligand modification and from the more direct analysis of spatial approximation coming from photoaffinity labelling and cysteine trapping studies. Also reviewed are the limited studies of structure of some of these regions. No dominant theme was recognized for the structures or functional roles of distinct regions of these juxtamembranous portions of the class B GPCRs. Therefore, it is likely that a variety of molecular strategies can be engaged for docking of agonist ligands and for initiation of conformational changes in these receptors that would be expected to converge to a common molecular mechanism for activation of intracellular signalling cascades.
Finasteride in the treatment of alopecia

Finasteride is a 5α-reductase inhibitor approved for the treatment of male pattern hair loss. Originally approved for the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy in 1992, its approval was expanded in 1997 to include the treatment of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) in men at a dose of 1 mg/day. Finasteride inhibits 5α-reductase, thereby prohibiting the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which is implicated in the development of hairless in some men. Reduction in DHT results in a significant improvement in subjective and objective assessments of hair growth and density. Finasteride is well-tolerated with a favourable adverse event history. The most common adverse events include reduced libido, decreased ejaculate volume and gynaecomastia.
Effect of background wavelength on stereoscopic acuity at scotopic and photopic illumination levels.

Equidistance settings were made for a pair of black vertical rods viewed against several colored backgrounds presented over a wide range of scotopic and photopic retinal illuminance levels. The data were found to be consistent with expectations based on the duplicity theory of vision and on the scotopic luminosity function of the human eye. When matched for brightness, background wavelength has no effect on equidistance settings at photopic (cone) levels. When visual functions are measured over a wide range of retinal illuminances, performance is characteristically poor at low intensity levels and progressively improves as intensity increases, i.e., as retinal illuminance is increased, the threshold measure in all cases progressively decreases to a final low value (Hecht1). The curves relating threshold and retinal illuminance show discontinuities in accordance with expectations based on the duplicity theory of vision: rods determine the function at low retinal illuminances, and cones determine the function at high retinal illuminances. For chromatic stimulation at various retinal illuminances, the rod portions of the curves are systematically displaced laterally toward the low end of the retinal-illuminance scale as stimulus wavelength decreases. These effects have been clearly demonstrated in studies on critical flicker frequency (Hecht and Shlaer2), intensity discrimination (Hecht, Peskin and Patt3), and visual acuity for red and blue light (Shlaer, Smith and Chase4). Chromatic stimuli have also been used in the study of stereoscopic vision (see, for example, Johns and Sumner5; Karwoski and Lloyd6; Edwards7; Jonkers and Kylstra8; Mount, Case, Sanderson and Brenner9; Over10). No experiments in the literature could be found which deal systematically with the effects of target or background wavelength at many retinal illuminances. The present experiment was designed to provide new *Read before the Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Optometry, Chicago, Illinois, December 9, 1967. For publication in the March, 1968, issue of the AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPTOMETRY AND ARCHIVES Of AMERICAN ACADEMY OF OPTOMETRY. This study was supported in part by a research grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF GB 2553) awarded to Professor Alfred Lit. †Optometrist, Ph.D. Member of Faculty. Fellow, American Academy of Optometry. ‡Psychology graduate student. §Psychology graduate student. Now at Northwestern University. EFFECT OF BACKGROUND ON STEREOPSIS – LIT, et al. 196 data on depth-discrimination thresholds for black targets on chromatic backgrounds presented over a wide range of retinal-illuminance levels.
Off-pump versus on-pump revascularization in females: a meta-analysis of observational studies

Background: Coronary revascularization in female patients presents several challenges, including smaller target vessels and smaller conduits. Furthermore, late presentation and more co-morbidities than males may increase complication rates. The aim of this study was to assess whether off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) improves outcomes when compared to on-pump coronary artery bypass (ONCAB) in the female population. Methods: A systematic literature review identified six observational studies, incorporating 23313 patients (n=9596 OPCAB, 13717 ONCAB). These were meta-analyzed using random effects modeling. Heterogeneity, subgroup analysis, quality scoring and publication bias were assessed. The primary endpoints were 30-day mortality and major cardiac, respiratory and renal complications. Secondary endpoints were the number of grafts per patient. Results: No statistically significant difference was observed in 30-day mortality between the OPCAB and ONCAB groups (4.8% vs. 0.7%; OR 0.96; 95%CI [0.41, 2.24], p=0.92). Significant inter-study heterogeneity was also present (I2=94%) and was not explained by study size or quality. Peri-operative myocardial infarction (OR 0.65; 95%CI [0.51, 0.84], p=0.0009) was significantly lower with OPCAB without significant heterogeneity; however, OPCAB did not significantly alter other morbidity outcomes. OPCAB was associated with a trend towards fewer grafts per patient than ONCAB. Conclusions: OPCAB is a safe alternative to ONCAB in the surgical revascularisation of female patients and may reduce post-operative myocardial infarction (MI). However, this does not translate into a reduction in 30-day mortality and OPCAB does not significantly improve other cardiovascular, renal or neurological outcomes. Late outcome data remains lacking and a well-structured, randomized trial is required to answer vital questions regarding the effect of OPCAB on women in the long-term.
Overproduction of truncated subunit a of H+-ATPase causes growth inhibition of Escherichia coli

Genes (uncB) for wild-type and mutant a subunits of Escherichia coli H+-ATPase (F0F1) were cloned into recombinant plasmids. The subunits were expressed under the control of a weak promoter of the unc operon at 30 degrees C and strong promoters of lambda phage at 42 degrees C. At 30 degrees C, the wild type and a truncated (Glu-269----end) a subunit complemented the defect of the a subunit mutant KF24A (Trp-111----end), whereas the other mutant subunits (Trp-111----end, Trp-231----end, Gln-252----end, and a subunit with a deletion of residues 21 to 227) did not. Three mutant subunits (Trp-231----end, Gln-252----end, and Glu-269----end) and the wild-type a subunit caused growth inhibition associated with cell elongation, an uneven distribution of membrane proteins, and an altered septum structure when they were expressed at 42 degrees C. These phenomena were not observed with the other mutant subunits, suggesting that overproduction of the middle region (between residues 111 and 230) of the a subunit causes growth inhibition.
Renal microvascular effects of endothelin.

The effects of endothelin 1, 2, and 3 (ET-1, -2, -3) on lumen diameter of individual afferent and efferent arterioles dissected from rabbit kidney were examined. ET-1 produced concentration-dependent and long-lasting decreases in lumen diameter in both arterioles. The 50% maximum response (EC50) values were 1.4 +/- 0.41 and 0.9 +/- 0.65 nM for afferent and efferent arterioles, respectively. In afferent arterioles, ET-2 produced decreases in lumen diameter (EC50 = 3.3 +/- 1.75 nM) that were indistinguishable from ET-1. However, ET-3 was considerably less potent (EC50 = 21.9 +/- 6.0 nM, P less than 0.05) than ET-1 or ET-2. Similar results were obtained in the efferent arteriole in which the EC50 for ET-2 (0.25 +/- 0.1 nM) was similar to ET-1, but ET-3 was significantly less potent (EC50 = 2.6 +/- 0.4 nM, P less than 0.05). Nicardipine (0.01-1 microM) produced concentration-dependent shifts in the ET-1 concentration-response curve in afferent arterioles. Verapamil (1 microM) also caused a significant shift in the ET-1 response curve. The contractile response to ET-1 was significantly more sensitive to nicardipine than was the response to norepinephrine. In contrast, the response of efferent arterioles to ET-1 and norepinephrine was unaffected by nicardipine or verapamil. The results demonstrate that ETs are potent vasoconstrictors of both the pre- and postglomerular microvasculature and may play a role in the regulation of renal hemodynamics. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Evaluation of the ARMD1 locus on 1q25–31 in patients with age-related maculopathy: genetic variation in laminin genes and in exon 104 of HEMICENTIN-1

The age-related maculopathy (ARM) genetics program at Columbia University utilizes comprehensive genetic analysis of candidate genes in large case-control studies to determine genotypes associated with the ARM complex trait. Genes encoding laminins, a class of extracellular matrix proteins, represent attractive candidates for two reasons. First, the presence of laminins in the basal lamina of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), Bruch's membrane, and choriocapillaris suggests a possible role in the pathophysiology of ARM. Second, three laminin genes, LAMC1, LAMC2, and LAMB3, are located in the 1q25–31 region, within the previously mapped ARMD1 locus. The entire open reading frame of the three laminin genes was screened for variants by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) and direct sequencing in at least 92, and up to 368 ARM patients and matched unaffected controls. Sixty-nine sequence variants were detected in the 69 exons of the LAMC1, LAMC2, and LAMB3 genes. Screening of exon 104 of the recently proposed ARMD1 gene, HEMICENTIN-1, residing in the 1q25–31 locus, did not detect the suggested causal variant, Q5345R, in 632 study subjects. Overall, we did not find statistically significant differences in the frequency of variants between ARM-affected individuals and age-matched controls. Four rare, non-synonymous, variants were detected in single cases of ARM patients. Our data on relatively limited numbers of study subjects do not suggest a significant role for genetic variation in the three laminin genes and in exon 104 of HEMICENTIN-1 in predisposing individuals to ARM. However, as in many instances in similar studies, involvement of rare amino acid-changing variants in a fraction of ARM cannot be ruled out.
Innovation and employment: an introduction

The eight papers of this ICC Special Section address the relationships between innovation of different kinds—related to products, processes, or organizational arrangements—in their effects on job creation and job destruction at the level of both firm and whole sectors, in a wide range of countries from all continents except North America and Oceania. The evidence suggests that product innovation as such does not lead to job destruction but possibly to a polarization of jobs. The effects of process innovation are more controversial. At a purely firm level, a significant negative effect on employment is often absent. However, this does not rule out the possibility of industry-wide labor shedding outcomes. Finally, the evidence so far suggests that a driver of employment dynamics in Western advanced economies much more powerful than the patterns of innovation has been exerted by globalization and offshoring to competition from emerging economies like China.
Can a Novel Echocardiographic Score Better Predict Outcome after Percutaneous Balloon Mitral Valvuloplasty?

Objective: The assessment of patients with mitral stenosis before percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV) is crucial to predict outcome after the procedure. We tried to explore the prognostic power of a novel echocardiographic score to predict immediate postprocedural outcome in comparison to the standard score. Methods: We enrolled 50 consecutive patients with moderate to severe mitral stenosis admitted to undergo PBMV. For all patients, we assessed both the standard Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) score and a novel score based on calcification (especially commissural) and subvalvular involvement. Patients underwent PBMV with the double balloon technique. Thereafter, patients were classified into two groups: group 1 (poor outcome) defined as no procedural success and/or increase of MR by more than 1 grade and group 2 (optimal outcome) defined as procedural success with increase of MR by 1 grade or less. Results: The total MGH score did not differ significantly between the two groups. However, among the individual parameters of the score, both calcification and subvalvular affection were significantly higher in group 1 versus group 2 (2.8 ± 0.4 versus 1.7 ± 0.8, and 2.4 ± 0.5 versus 1.6 ± 0.4, respectively, P < 0.01 for both). The total novel score and its two individual parameters (calcification and subvalvular involvement) were all significantly higher in group 1 versus group 2 (6 ± 1.5 versus 2.9 ± 1.9, 4.9 ± 1.2 versus 2.4 ± 1.5, 1.5 ± 1.6 versus 0.5 ± 0.9, respectively, P < 0.01 for all). Multivariate analysis demonstrated the novel score to be the only independent predictor of poor outcome. Conclusion: The novel score is more reliable and correlates with outcome better than the standard score.
Comparing feature-based metrics for facial dynamics analysis

The automatic analysis and classification of facial expressions is a challenging problem. It has been an active area of research for many years, with a range of applications, including affective computing, human computer interaction and lipreading. Although it is possible to capture an expression using still images, videos are more widely used in facial dynamics analysis [Zhang et al. 2008] with the advantage that the onset, peak and offset duration of the expression can be captured and used. The facial action coding system (FACS) is most commonly used for analysing facial behaviour. It segments face into action units (AUs) and relates them to the contraction of a specific or set of facial muscles. To automatically assign AUs, such system requires facial feature extraction.
Effect of salbutamol on histamine induced bronchoconstriction in healthy infants.

BACKGROUND--The effect of inhaled beta 2 adrenergic drugs on infants with wheezing disorders remains controversial. Salbutamol inhibits the bronchial responsiveness of infants to histamine and nebulised water but whether or not it acts as a bronchodilator in this age group is unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine whether salbutamol can hasten the reversal of histamine induced bronchoconstriction in infants. METHODS--Bronchial challenge with histamine was performed in 40 infants aged 12 months or less with no previous history of respiratory symptoms. Response to histamine was assessed by forced partial expiratory flow/volume curves to measure maximal flow at functional residual capacity (VmaxFRC). After a fall of 40% or more from baseline VmaxFRC, each infant was randomly assigned to receive either salbutamol 0.5% or saline 0.9% solution by nebuliser. The rate of recovery of VmaxFRC and the time to reach baseline VmaxFRC were derived by linear regression. RESULTS--Infants who received salbutamol had a significantly faster rate of recovery (geometric mean 8.5 ml/s/min) than those who received saline (4.1 ml/s/min). Considerable interindividual variation was observed in the time from maximum bronchoconstriction to recovery of baseline VmaxFRC in both groups of subjects. CONCLUSIONS--Salbutamol significantly speeds the reversal of histamine induced bronchoconstriction in infants during the first 12 months of life. This observation provides further evidence to support the presence of functional beta adrenergic receptors in the airways of infants.
The population structure and transmission of Escherichia coli in an isolated human community; studies on an antarctic base

SUMMARY The population structure and transmission of Escherichia coli in a small group of individuals isolated for 26 weeks on an Antarctic base were studied by multilocus electrophoresis of eight enzymes and plasmid analysis. Two hundred and sixty-nine strains were isolated. They were grouped into 60 allozyme types (ETs). Half of these ETs were only isolated once; others were repeatedly isolated from single subjects. Eleven were found in more than one subject and the pattern of the occurrence of some of them was considered to provide evidence of their spread from subject to subject.
Functional genomics of candidate genes derived from genome-wide association studies for five common neurological diseases

Aim: Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are identifying novel candidate genes for several neurological diseases (NDs). However, a global functional analysis of those genes derived from GWAS for NDs is missing. We explored the genomic and functional features of novel candidate genes for five common NDs: Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke and migraine. Materials and Methods: A functional enrichment analysis was performed for GWAS-derived genes, for categories such as Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, gene expression, InterPro domains, transcription factor binding sites, gene ontology (GO) terms and microRNA (miRNA) targets. An analysis of protein–protein interactions was carried out. Results: Six hundred and forty-two unique single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified for the five NDs and 2.3% of them were non-synonymous SNPs. There were no common SNPs for all five NDs and eight genes were associated with more than one ND. The enrichment analysis showed significant values for several GO categories, such as cell–cell adhesion and location in neurites and for expression in prefrontal cortex. An analysis of protein–protein interactions showed the evidence of a large component. Fifty-one of these GWAS-derived genes are known to be potentially druggable and twelve are known to harbor mutations for neuropsychiatric disorders. Conclusions: Our results suggest that there is little overlap between the genes identified in GWAS for the five common NDs. Identification of functional categories in the GWAS-derived candidate genes for common NDs could lead to a better understanding of their functional consequences and could be useful for the future discovery of additional genetic risk factors for those diseases.
Stakeholder Roles in an Action-Oriented Science Space

When curriculum is purposefully connected to the local community, classrooms can build on and strengthen students’ ties to their communities as they engage with disciplinary concepts. However, teachers have little guidance on how to connect curricula to the communities in which the schools are situated in and there are few studies that focus on community-based instruction that describe the roles needed to design science curricula that is meaningful and relevant to a community’s needs and ways of living (Bang & Medin, 2010). One challenge for teachers in designing community-based instruction is knowing how to engage community members in designing and implementing curriculum alongside teachers as they collectively work with students. Drawing on constructs found in design-based implementation research, this study explored what it meant to incorporate multiple stakeholders in research-to-practice conversations centered on the design and enactment of science curriculum that is connected with students’ communities (Penuel & Fishman, 2012; Penuel, Fishman, Cheng, & Sabelli, 2011).