Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variation in Different Seasons of Different Parameters of Effluent in Chittagong, Bangladesh

Pollution has become the enemy of the human, animal and ecosystem. The present environment situation of Bangladesh is not by any means in equilibrium. That why, severe air, water, soil and noise pollutions are frightening our health, ecosystem and economic development of Bangladesh. The underground water of Bangladesh has been polluted due to different heavy metals like Chromium, Arsenic, Lead, Mercury etc. The highlighting of this research work is to analyze different parameters like DO, COD, BOD, TDS, TSS, pH, EC and heavy metals of waste water of different industries before and after treatment. Effluents were collected in the year 2018-2019 during both dry and wet seasons from different industries. So, six industries in Chittagong have been selected to collect the waste water samples for laboratory analysis of different physiochemical quality parameters. Effluents were analyzed during both dry and wet seasons for Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), pH, Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Total Solids (TS), Arsenic, Lead, Chromium, and Electrical Conductivity (EC) etc. From the results of this research it was seen that most of the ETP treated water are not within the limits of Industrial Effluent Quality Standards of Bangladesh.
Role of defects in enhancing room temperature ferromagnetism of Mn doped ZnO nanoparticles

The soft chemical route was used in the synthesis of undoped and 5% Mn doped ZnO nanocrystalline powders. XRD, TEM, TGA/DTA, FTIR, and superconducting quantum interference device techniques were used to study the structural, nano/microstructural, thermal decomposition and metastability aspects as a function of calcination temperatures (400–1100 °C) and magnetic properties. The evolution of the major wurtzite phase (ZnO) and minor non‐stoichiometric nanocrystalline defect cubic spinel phase (ZnMnO3–δ) at various temperatures is clearly seen. The magnetic hysteresis loop is observed at room temperature in the undoped and doped samples calcined at 400 °C. Interestingly, the hysteresis loop parameters (Ms, Hc) are found to enhance dramatically as soon as the concentration of the minor phase is large enough up to the calcination temperature 700 °C. In contrast, the magnetic hysteresis loop vanishes slowly for the sample calcined at 1000 °C, it disappears completely. The room temperature ferromagnetic behavior at 400 °C is understood in terms of intrinsic cationic/anionic defects, extrinsic defects associated with the various species chemisorbed on the surface of the nanoparticles of undoped and Mn doped ZnO. During thermal annealing a nanocrysatllline seconadary phase of non‐stoichiometric defect cubic spinel ZnMnO3–δ is formed, contributing to the enhancement of ferromagnetic behavior. All our experimental results are discussed in terms of model comparing various structural and localized electronic defects formed in the nanocrystalline powder.
Surface‐Directed Phase Separation of Conjugated Polymer Blends for Efficient Light‐Emitting Diodes

The ability to control organic‐organic interfaces in conjugated polymer blends is critical for further device improvement. Here, we control the phase separation in blends of poly(9,9‐di‐n‐octylfluorene‐alt‐benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) and poly(9,9‐di‐n‐octylfluorene‐alt‐(1,4‐phenylene‐((4‐sec‐butylphenyl)imino)‐1,4‐phenylene) (TFB) via chemical modification of the substrate by microcontact printing of octenyltrichlorosilane molecules. The lateral phase‐separated structures in the blend film closely replicate the underlying micrometer‐scale chemical pattern. We found nanometer‐scale vertical segregation of the polymers within both lateral domains, with regions closer to the substrate being substantially pure phases of either polymer. Such phase separation has important implications for the performance of light‐emitting diodes fabricated using these patterned blend films. In the absence of a continuous TFB wetting layer at the substrate interface, as typically formed in spin‐coated blend films, charge carrier injection is confined in the well‐defined TFB‐rich domains. This confinement leads to high electroluminescence efficiency, whereas the overall reduction in the roughness of the patterned blend film results in slower decay of device efficiency at high voltages. In addition, the amount of surface out‐coupling of light in the forward direction observed in these blend devices is found to be strongly correlated to the distribution of periodicity of the phase‐separated structures in the active layer.
Defect Structure in Thin Films of a Lamellar Block Copolymer Self-Assembled on Neutral Homogeneous and Chemically Nanopatterned Surfaces

Various defect structures in a symmetric block copolymer self-assembled in thin films on neutral homogeneous and chemically nanopatterned surfaces were investigated. On neutral homogeneous surfaces, a lamellar morphology lacking long-range order was observed with a high density of defects such as dislocations and disclinations in the two-dimensional plane of the film. On chemically patterned surfaces, the commensurability between the periodicity of the surface pattern and the block copolymer lamellae determined the final structure. When the surface pattern period was commensurate with the natural lamellar period, well-registered defect-free lamellar structures were obtained. In contrast, if the length scales were incommensurate, the formation of new structures such as dislocation dipoles, undulated lamellae, and tilted lamellae was observed. Our present work provides a detailed analysis of these new defect structures. In particular, a model describing the three-dimensional structure of the undulated morph.
4,4′-Tri­methyl­enedipyridinium dinitrate

In the title compound, C13H16N22+·2NO3−, the cation is the diprotonated form of 4,4′-tri­methyl­enedi­pyridine. There are intermolecular hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions between the pyridinium moieties of the cation and nitrate anions.
Klasifikasi Kualitas Susu Sapi Menggunakan Metode Support Vector Machine (SVM)

Susu sapi mengandung protein hewani yang sangat besar manfaatnya bagi bayi maupun mereka yang sedang dalam proses pertumbuhan, karena susu sapi mengandung asam amino esensial dalam jumlah yang cukup. UPT Laboratorium Kesehatan Hewan Malang sebagai unit pelaksana teknis di bawah Dinas Peternakan Jawa Timur bertugas melakukan pengujian di bidang kesmavet untuk upaya pengamanan susu sebagai produk peternakan dengan pengujian yang tepat sesuai dengan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI). Pengklasifikasian kualitas susu sapi di UPT tersebut masih dilakukan secara organoleptic (bau, rasa, dan warna) yang bersifat linguistik sehingga variabel dan penentuan parameter bersifat tidak pasti dan menjadi kendala utama pakar dalam menentukan kualitas susu yang baik. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut dibutuhkan suatu sistem klasifikasi yang mampu mengklasifikasikan kualitas susu sapi yang baik menggunakan metode support vector machine yang mana kinerja SVM lebih cocok dibandingkan dengan metode klasifikasi lainnya. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu 269 yang dibagi menjadi data latih dan data uji dengan 3 hasil kualitas susu yaitu rendah, standar, dan tinggi. Hasil akurasi penelitian ini mendapatkan akurasi terbaik berdasarkan percobaan perbandingan rasio data 50%:50%, dengan mengggunakan kernel RBF dan nilai parameter λ (lambda) = 0,001, C (complexity) = 0,01, γ (gamma) =0,00001, itermax = 30 dan untuk nilai σ kernel RBF= 2. Hasil rata-rata akurasi menggunakan metode SVM pada klasifikasi kualitas susu sapi sebesar 92,82% dan akurasi tertinggi sebesar 94,02%.
Transient Foam Displacement in the Presence of Residual Oil: Experiment and Simulation Using a Population-Balance Model

The population-balance framework of Kovscek, Patzek, and Radke is extended to model the flow of foam in porous media containing residual oil (Kovscek et al. Chem. Eng. Sci. 1995, 50, 3783). A mechanistic rate of coalescence due to oil, based on the recently proposed pinch-off mechanism (Myers, T. J. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, CA), is included in the model. New foam-flow experiments in the absence and presence of residual oil in 1.1- and 0.28-μm2 Berea sandstone cores 60-cm long are modeled. Results reported here are for total superficial velocities of 30 cm/day and 97% foam quality with a 0.5 wt % sodium dodecyl sulfate, 0.5 wt % NaCl aqueous solution, and a decane oil phase. Additional results at varying gas and liquid velocities are reported elsewhere. Agreement between experiment and simulation is good. Both experiment and simulation show that foam is destabilized by oil and has lower mobility in higher permeability media regardless of the presence of oil. These findings su.
Green chemical applications: Highly efficient process on selective formation of industrial materials

A B S T R A C T Green industrial aspects about processes of important materials such as synthesis of lubricating oils which indeed it has a long-term service life and significantly high oxidation stability under severe temperature conditions (Yoshida and Yokohama, 1988). One of these lubricates oil as the main component, 2-tert-amylnaphthalene derived from direct tert-amylation reaction of naphthalene over tert-amyl alcohol and zeolite of H-mordenite using an autoclave as closed system. The zeolites can be easily regenerated by heating and then reused ( Keith Smith et al., 2012). Its eco-friendly process and obeyed the 12th applied principles of green chemistry by measuring of some parameters specific for the environmental efficiency. These parameters are including: Atom Economy, Selectivity, Yield, E-Factor, Environmental Quotient, and Effective Mass Yield (EMY), as a comparison between these two processes. The service life at oxidation test for the compound of 2-tertamylnaphthalene was (400.0 h) and the yield was over than 76% at both processes approximately.
Aplicação da espectroscopia de correlação angular perturbada na investigação de interações hiperfinas em compostos de háfnio, indio e cádmio com os ligantes F1-, OH1- e EDTA

In this study the hyperfine parameters, including the dynamical nature, Perturbed Angular Correlation (PAC) spectroscopy was used to measure the hyperfine parameters in molecules of ligand compounds in solutions. The measurements were carried out at 295 K and 77 K using 111 In→ 111 Cd, 181 Hf→ 181 Ta and 111m Cd→ 111 Cd, as probe nuclei. Samples were prepared by adding a small volume of radioactive solution containing the probe nuclei in aqueous solution, buffer solution and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) used as a ligand with pH 4.3 which correspond to the pH of the saturated EDTA solution and in buffer solution with pH between 9 and 10. The results made possible to understand the impact of each method for PAC measurements. Finally a comparative analysis for the several methods of inserting of the probe nuclei in the sample was made, considering chemical and nuclear aspects. The lack of measurements in this kind of samples justifies the importance of the obtained results.
Crucial role of oxygen stoichiometry in determining the structure and properties of BiMnO3

BiMnO3−δ compositions differing in oxygen stoichiometry have been synthesized under high pressure. Orthorhombic BiMnO2.99 and monoclinic BiMnO2.84 exhibit canted antiferromagnetism and ferromagnetism respectively. BiMnO2.94 and BiMnO2.89 are also monoclinic and show ferromagnetism, but it seems possible that they may contain domains of more than one phase.
Enhancement of the Electroreduction of Oxygen on Pt Alloys with Fe, Ni, and Co

Electrocatalytic activity of Pt alloys with Ni, Co, and Fe, formed by sputtering, was investigated with regard to the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in perchloric acid solution. Hydrodynamic voltammograms with rotated electrodes were used to measure the electrocatalytic activity. Maximum activity was observed at ca. 30, 40, and 50% content of Ni, Co, and Fe, respectively, by which 10, 15, and 20 times larger kinetic current densities than that of pure Pt were attained. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of the surfaces after the reaction indicated that the active surfaces were covered by a few monolayers of Pt. The authors present an enhancing mechanism for the ORR based on an increased d-electron vacancy of the thin Pt surface layer caused by underlying alloy. Results of this work contribute in development of new active cathode catalysts for fuel cells used as power sources of electric vehicles, etc.
Developing Pedagogical Discourse Analysis through Project-Based Tasks.

This article discusses why pedagogical discourse analysis (PDA) can be seen as the departure point to teach through discourse and how language teachers can efficaciously use it in order to bring discourse analysis into the language classroom. To make PDA feasible in language teaching, it requires to be coordinated with actual discourse-based approaches. This paper introduces a consolidated approach resulting of the strategic combination of task-based language teaching (TBLT) and project-based learning (PBL), named project-based task analysis (TBTA), in which discourse is the core component of teaching and learning.
Rheological Properties and Microstructures of Anionic Micellar Solutions in the Presence of Different Inorganic Salts

Wormlike micelles, obtained firstly in anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl trioxyethylene sulfate (SDES) solutions in the presence of AlCl3, were studied using zero-shear viscosities and freeze-fracture TEM micrographs. Then the effects of inorganic salts with different cations, AlCl3, MgCl2, CaCl2, and NaCl, on the rheological properties and microstructures of the SDES micellar solutions were investigated generally. The steady-shear viscosity followed the Cross empirical equation, and the dynamic vlscoelasticity was well modeled by the simple Maxwell model. There exists an optimal molar ratio Rm of surfactant to salt at which the micelles reach maximum growth. We find Rm ≤ 1/5 for SDES/NaCl system, and Rm ≈ 1/3 for the other three systems. Variations in the surfactant packing parameter Rp help explain the changes of rheology and microstructure of the solutions, according to the cationic radii and charges and the interaction between the cations and surfactant molecular headgroups. The ability of cations tha.
EFFICIENCY OF FENTON OXIDATION PROCESS IN REMOVAL OF PHENOL IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

the different compounds of water pollutants which generally discharge into water resources through raw wastewater and effluent, phenol is particularly important. This substance is an abundant compound which also enters into water resources naturally. Since phenol is a toxic substance and eliminating it through a biological method is difficult, using the process of Fenton Oxidation seems appropriate because of the facility and the possibility of application in different scales and also economic considerations. In this study, the efficiency of Fenton oxidation process in the removal of phenol from aqueous solutions is examined.Method: This is an experimental study which is carried out in laboratory scale. The solution under study is prepared synthetically from different phenol concentrations. The optimized parameters in Fenton process including pH, reaction time and dosage of H2O2 and Fe 2+ were considered. Phenol concentration is measured using a spectrophotometer (UV-Vis) according to procedure of the standard method book. In the Fenton process, maximum phenol ۱
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND MOLECULAR DOCKING SIMULATION OF DISUBSTITUTED 1,3,4-OXADIAZOLE DERIVATIVES FOR ANTIBACTERIAL STUDIES

In the present study, synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 2,5disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives 5a-f are described. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed by FTIR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, mass and elemental analysis. All compounds were screened for antitubercular and antimicrobial activity. Molecular modeling studies were performed to dock compounds into the ecKAS III binding site, which suggested probable inhibition mechanism. The results revealed that most of the compounds showed high to moderate biological activity against tested microorganisms.
Synthesis of 1,2,3-triazolium-based ionic liquid and preliminary pretreatment to enhance hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse

Ionic liquids (ILs) are salts which are liquid at low temperatures, typically with melting points under 100 oC. In recent years, the properties of many ILs have been extensively studied and have been considered as green solvents capable of replacing traditional organic solvents. Herein, ILs derived from triazole have been synthesized, thus solubility in different solvents increases with the dielectric constant of the considered solvents. Three novel 1,2,3-triazolium-based were used for the pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse. The effect of this pretreatment on lignocellulosic biomass was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, showing an increase in the exposure surface of the bagasse samples as structural changes in the fiber.
A contribution to the streamer breakdown criterion

The streamer breakdown criterion, ∫αdx = K, has been used for more than half a century ago /1,2/. The magnitude of K is believed to be equal to 18 for all gases. Throughout the period of times however various changes have been made to both the interpretation of the streamer breakdown criterion and the magnitude of K. Recently, it has been pointed out that the magnitude of K is approximately about 10 /3,4/, not 18 as previously believed. Such a high value of the magnitude of K = 18, as believed in the past can be essentially contributed to erroneous effective ionisation coefficients.
Products of the gas-phase reactions of o-,m- and p-xylene with the OH radical in thepresence and absence ofNOx

The products of the gas-phase reactions of the OH radical with o-, m- and p-xylene, in the presence and absence of NO x , have been investigated using direct air sampling, atmospheric-pressure ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (API–MS). Partially and fully deuteriated xylenes were also studied. In addition to ion peaks due to tolualdehydes and dimethylphenols, ion peaks observed from the xylene, [ 2 H 6 ]xylene and [ 2 H 10 ]xylene reactions are attributed to the [M+H] + ions of the C 4 -unsaturated dicarbonyl HC(O)CHCHCHO, C 5 -unsaturated dicarbonyls such as CH 3 C(O)CHCHCHO and its isomers, C 6 -unsaturated dicarbonyls such as CH 3 C(O)CHCHC(O)CH 3 and its isomers, C 8 -di-unsaturated dicarbonyls such as CH 3 C(O)C(CH 3 )CHCHCHCHO and its isomers, C 8 -unsaturated epoxy-dicarbonyls and, possibly, C 8 -epoxy-cyclohexenones, and their partially and fully deuteriated analogues. Possible reaction mechanisms leading to the observed products are presented.
Interaction between nitrogen and photon flux density in birch seedlings at steady‐state nutrition

Birch (Betula pendula Roth.) was investigated under steady-state nutrition and growth at different incident photon flux densities (PFD) and different relative addition rates of nitrogen. PFD had a strong influence on the relative growth rate at optimum nutrition and on the nitrogen productivity (growth rate per unit of nitrogen) but little effect on the formal relationships between nitrogen and growth, i.e. PFD and nitrogen nutrition are orthogonal growth factors. At a given suboptimum nitrogen (the same distance from optimum), increased PFD increased the relative growth rate and, therefore, the relative uptake rate and the required relative addition rate in accordance with the theoretical equality between these three parameters at steady-state nutrition. Correspondingly, at a given suboptimum relative addition rate, increased PFD decreased nitrogen status (larger distance from optimum) at an unchanged relative growth rate. Nutrient uptake rate, dry matter content, and partitioning of biomass and nutrients are strongly influenced by nitrogen status. PFD influences these characteristics, but only to an extent corresponding to its effect on the nitrogen status. The influence of PDF on the relative growth rate at optimum and on nitrogen productivity is well described by hyperbolic relationships, similar to reported PFD/photosynthesis relationships. These expressions for plant growth as well as the productivities of leaf area and quantum appear to be valuable characteristics of plant responses to light and nutrition. Although the calculated PFD/growth relationships indicate saturation at high values of PFD, a more realistic estimate of PFD at which saturation occurs is about 30 mol m−2 day−1, where the highest relative growth rate and nitrogen productivity were experimentally determined. No significant effect was observed because of day length differences between the present and previous experiments.
EFFECT OF CASSIA TORA SEED EXTRACT ON LIPID PROFILE OF HYPERLIPIDAEMIC RABBITS

Summary Ethanolic extract (50%v/v) of Cassia tora seed extract has been investigated for the protective effects against experimentally induced hyperlipidaemia in rabbits. Hyperlipidaemia was induced in rabbits by feeding atherogenic diet containing coconut oil, hydrogenated vegetable oil and cholesterol for 90 days. Rabbits were divided into three groups, each group comprising of six rabbits. Group I served as normal control, Group II (hyperlipidaemic control) was fed with atherogenic diet and cholesterol (400 mg/kg bodyweight /day/rabbit), Group III was concurrently fed with Cassia tora seed extract (500 mg/kg bodyweight /day/rabbit) along with atherogenic diet and cholesterol. Significant increase (P<0.05) in serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides was observed by feeding atherogenic diet and cholesterol to rabbits for 45 and 90 days. Simultaneous administration of Cassia tora seed extract significantly (P<0.05) prevented the rise in serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides level as compared to hyperlipidaemic control group. Total cholesterol in liver (mg/ gm tissue) and heart (mg/ gm tissue) were increased significantly (p<0.05) in rabbits fed with atherogenic diet and cholesterol for 90 days. Concurrent administration of Cassia tora seed extract with atherogenic diet and cholesterol caused a significant decrease (P<0.05) in liver and heart in total cholesterol content. A significant increase (P<0.05) in cholesterol content of faeces (mg/ gm dry faeces) was observed in Cassia tora seed extract treated group as compared to hyperlipidaemic control group after 90 days.