Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Time-domain circuit modelling of huygens' metasurfaces

A circuit based time-domain modelling of Huygens' metasurfaces is proposed and demonstrated using numerical examples. The model is based on Generalized Sheet Transition Conditions (GSTCs) and multi-Lorentz surface susceptibilities describing the metasurface. Using an LCR band-pass filter circuit, the surface susceptibilities are modelled for a general unmatched and lossy metasurface, allowing for both time and frequency domain computation of scattered fields capturing the corresponding dispersive effects.
Successful combination treatment of clofarabine, cytarabine, and gemtuzumab‐ozogamicin in adult refractory B‐acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Thrombocytopenia is common in patients with HIV infection. However, given the number of potential etiologies of low-platelet counts in this patient population, it is often difficult to determine the underlying cause. The immature platelet fraction (IPF) measures the number of reticulated platelets in peripheral blood and can be used to help determine if thrombocytopenia is secondary to low-platelet production or increased platelet turnover. We studied the performance characteristics of the IPF% in 50 inpatients with HIV-related thrombocytopenia and compared the results with 34 inpatients with HIV and normal platelet counts. The mean IPF% in the HIV thrombocytopenic group was 10.2% as compared with 6.8% in the HIV normal platelet count group (P = 0.001) and 3.1% in historical non-HIV controls (P < 0.001). In multivariate analyses, the presence of ITP, active infection, log CD4 count, platelet count, and diabetes mellitus were significantly associated with a higher IPF%. These findings suggest that increased platelet turnover plays an important role in the pathogenesis of HIV thrombocytopenia. Platelet turnover is also increased in patients with HIV in general, even when overt thrombocytopenia is absent.
Enhancer of decapping proteins 1 and 2 are important for translation during heat stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

In mammalian and Drosophila cells, heat stress strongly reduces general protein translation while activating cap‐independent translation mechanisms to promote the expression of stress‐response proteins. In contrast, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae general translation is only mildly and transiently reduced by heat stress and cap‐independent translation mechanisms have not been correlated with the heat stress response. Recently we have identified direct target genes of the heat shock transcription factor (HSF), including genes encoding proteins thought to be important for general translation. One gene activated by HSF during heat stress encodes the enhancer of decapping protein, Edc2, previously shown to enhance mRNA decapping under conditions when the decapping machinery is limited. In this report we show that strains lacking Edc2, as well as the paralogous protein Edc1, are compromised for growth under persistent heat stress. This growth deficiency can be rescued by expression of a mutant Edc1 protein deficient in mRNA decapping indicative of a decapping independent function during heat stress. Yeast strains lacking Edc1 and Edc2 are also sensitive to the pharmacological inhibitor of translation paromomycin and exposure to heat stress and paromomycin functions synergistically to reduce yeast viability, suggesting that in the absence of Edc1 and Edc2 translation is compromised under heat stress conditions. Strains lacking Edc1 and Edc2 have significantly reduced rates of protein translation during growth under heat stress conditions, but not under normal growth conditions. We propose that Edc1 and the stress responsive isoform Edc2 play important roles in protein translation during stress.
Transparency

This column is a review of the use of the term transparency as it relates to healthcare with specific emphasis on nursing practice. Concept analysis is guided by Parse’s concept inventing approach. The relevance of this concept to nursing has become increasing important in the language of healthcare. There is no standard definition of the term in nursing or healthcare. Transparency or lack thereof shapes the future of disciplines. The author provides a theoretical definition of transparency for nurses to consider.
Administration of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Adjunctive to Fetal Cardiomyocyte Transplantation and Improvement of Cardiac Function in the Rat Model

Background: The functional impact of cellular transplantation and the potential role of the addition of angiogenic factors for survival of engrafts remain controversial. Methods: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (25 ng/mL) was added to cultured fetal cardiomyocytes labeled with bromodeoxyuridine (BrDU), which was injected into the border zones of myocardial infarction 4 weeks after coronary occlusion in rat hearts. Group 1 (n = 12) received cells plus VEGF protein (100 ng), group 2 (n = 12) received cells without VEGF, group 3 (n = 10) received VEGF without cells, and group 4 (n = 12) received pure culture medium. Cardiac function was then assessed by transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography and Langendorff perfusion system. In situ hybridization for Y chromosomes of transplanted cells, detection of BrDU-labeled cells, and platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) staining for endothelial cells was performed. Results: Echocardiography revealed smaller end-diastolic left ventricular dimensions in transplanted hearts in group 1 (0.83 ± 0.13 cm 4 weeks after coronary occlusion before transplantation and 0.69 ± 0.14 cm 2 months after transplantation, P < .05) and in group 2 (0.88 ± 0.09 cm after coronary occlusion before transplantation and 0.76 ± 0.08 cm 2 months after transplant), and increases in fractional shortening (34.2% ± 8.53% before transplant and 45.3% ± 10.9% after [P < .05] in group 1; 26.9% ± 6.02% before transplant and 37.15% ± 8.08% after [P < .005] in group 2), whereas groups 3 and 4 showed a decrease in fractional shortening. Transplanted hearts developed higher pressures at rest (group 1, 96.8 ± 20.8 mm Hg; group 2, 98.6 ± 21.9 mm Hg) compared with controls (group 4, 70.9 ± 25 mm Hg) (P < .05) and during inotropic stimulation (group 1, 111 ± 19.5 mm Hg and group 2, 113.3 ± 32.6 vs group 4, 80.7 ± 31.6 mm Hg, P < .05). Histologic analysis demonstrated the presence of transplanted cells in border zones of infarcted host myocardium with neovascularization in all transplanted hearts. Conclusion: Transplantation of fetal cardiomyocytes results in improvement of left ventricular function. The addition of VEGF does not contribute to further improvement of left ventricular function and angiogenesis in the present model.
Accumulation of Cyclooxygenase Products of Arachidonic Acid Metabolism in Gerbil Brain During Reperfusion After Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion

: Several of the cyclooxygenase products of arachidonic acid were measured in the cerebral hemispheres of gerbils subjected to transient interruption of the cerebral circulation. The levels of PGD2, PGF2α, PGE2, TXB2, 13,14‐H2‐15‐keto‐PGE2, and the stable nonenzymic product of prostacyclin, 6‐keto‐PGF1α, were not altered at the end of a 5‐min period of ischemia. However, the onset of reperfusion was accompanied by a rapid accumulation of these products. Levels were highest during the initial period of reperfusion, then decreased to approach control levels after 120 min. PGD2, PGF2α, and PGE2 were the predominant metabolites detected. This postischemic accumulation of arachidonic acid metabolites could be blocked by prior administration of inhibitors of cyclooxygenase activity.
Aneurysm expansion and retroperitoneal hematoma after thrombolysis for stent-graft limb occlusion caused by distal endograft migration.

PURPOSE To describe a complication of thrombolytic therapy used to treat graft limb occlusion precipitated by distal migration and kinking of an abdominal aortic stent-graft. CASE REPORT A 5.5-cm abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in a 66-year-old woman was treated with Vanguard bifurcated stent-graft. At the 1-year follow-up, she complained of left leg claudication. Computed tomography (CT) showed a 36% reduction in maximum AAA diameter, but the stent-graft had migrated distally approximately 5 mm, and the left graft limb was occluded. Thrombolysis was initiated, but after approximately 8 hours, abdominal pain began. Emergent CT scanning revealed rapid aneurysm expansion and a retroperitoneal hematoma. Thrombolytic treatment was stopped; transfusions and thrombogenic drugs were given to restore hemodynamic stability. The aneurysm began to decrease in size. The occluded graft limb had been reopened by the lytic therapy, uncovering a stenosis in the native artery distal to the graft limb. Stent placement restored outflow. The retroperitoneal hematoma resolved over time, and the aneurysm sac shrank to its prelytic diameter. The patient is well with a functioning endograft 18 months after the occlusion (30 months after stent-grafting). CONCLUSIONS Caution must be taken when using thrombolysis in patients with endovascular aortic grafts because unexpected bleeding complications might arise. Thrombectomy, femorofemoral bypass, or stent or stent-graft extensions might be safer alternatives for treating occluded stent-graft limbs.
Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Type II Caused by a Homozygous Triple Mutation [T-3279G, A(TA)7TAA, and H39D] of UGT1A1

Crigler-Najjar syndromes type I and II are, respectively, severe and moderate types of hereditary unconjugated hyperbilirubinemias caused by mutations in the bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase gene (UGT1A1) (1). The hyperbilirubinemias continue throughout life (2). Administration of phenobarbital induces UGT1A1 only in patients with Crigler-Najjar syndrome type II and reduces their serum bilirubin levels. Elevated bilirubin levels in type I patients expose them to life-threatening risk of bilirubin encephalopathy; they should be treated with daily phototherapy, or as a definitive therapy, liver transplantation can be performed to prevent bilirubin encephalopathy (3,4). We analyzed the UGT1A1 genes of a male patient with a moderate unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and found that the patient was homozygous for a UGT1A1 allele with three mutations -T-3279G, A(TA)7TAA, and H39D (115C . G). H39D is known to cause Crigler-Najjar syndrome type I (5). However, his serum bilirubin was responsive to phenobarbital loading, and we performed an in vitro expression study to find whether this mutated enzyme (H39D) had residual enzyme activity. PATIENTS
Bolder Thinking for Conservation

SHOULD CONSERVATION TARGETS, such as the proportion of a region to be placed in protected areas, be socially acceptable from the start? Or should they be based unapologetically on the best available science and expert opinion, then address issues of practicality later? Such questions strike to the philosophical core of conservation. Ambitious targets are often considered radical and value laden, whereas modest targets are ostensibly more objective and reasonable. The personal values of experts are impossible to escape in either case. Conservation professionals of a biocentric bent might indeed err on the side of protecting too much. Anthropocentric bias, however, more commonly affects target setting. The pro-growth norms of global society foster timidity among conservation professionals, steering them toward conformity with the global economic agenda and away from acknowledging what is ultimately needed to sustain life on Earth.
Six 2 functions redundantly immediately downstream of Hoxa 2

INTRODUCTION In the developing vertebrate embryo, the order of Hox genes on the chromosome imposes their expression domains along the anteroposterior (A-P) axis (Krumlauf, 1994). Hoxa2 and Hoxb2 exhibit the most-anterior expression domain, in the cranial neural crest that migrates to the second branchial arch (Prince and Lumsden, 1994; Nonchev et al., 1996; Mallo, 1997). In mice, Hoxa2 loss-of-function leads to a transformation of second branchial arch derivatives into the more anterior first branchial arch derivatives (Gendron-Maguire et al., 1993; Rijli et al., 1993; Barrow and Capecchi, 1999). In addition, ectopic expression of the homeobox gene Six2 was also observed in these mutant embryos in territories normally controlled by Hoxa2 (Kutejova et al., 2005). This result, together with the demonstrated ability of Hoxa2 to bind to the Six2 promoter in vitro (Kutejova et al., 2005), suggest that repression of Six2 by Hoxa2 is a crucial step in the developmental pathway leading to second branchial arch formation. Despite extensive genetic analysis, the molecular basis of Hox function is proving difficult to understand. Together with Six2, other likely Hox downstream targets have been identified in vertebrates (Pearson et al., 2005; Svingen and Tonissen, 2006), but it remains unclear for most of these genes whether they are regulated directly or indirectly by Hox proteins. With the exception of Hox genes themselves, it is also currently unknown how the activities of the few genes proven to be directly regulated by Hox proteins in vertebrate embryogenesis contribute to the function of Hox proteins (Serpente et al., 2005; Salsi and Zappavigna, 2006; Shaut et al., 2007). A conclusive characterization of the nature of direct downstream genes is essential to explain how Hox gene activities are converted into morphogenetic processes and to understand the transcriptional properties of Hox proteins as exerted on their target promoters. In addition, insight into the organization and the hierarchy of the pathways controlled by Hox proteins in vertebrates requires the analysis of the functional role of the direct downstream targets in the Hox pathway. Here, we conclusively show that Hoxa2 directly controls Six2 transcription in the second branchial arch. Lack of control over Six2 transcription contributes to the generation of the Hoxa2 mutant phenotype, with analysis of Six2; Hoxa2 double mutants indicating that Hoxa2 controls additional downstream targets. We identify components of the IGF molecular pathway as targets of Hoxa2 regulation and correlate the changes in Six2 expression with those in the expression of the gene encoding Igf-binding protein, Igfbp5, suggesting a role of Six2 in mediating Hoxa2 control over the IGF system.
Über den Wandel der Normalität im Erwerbs- und Familienleben: Vom Normalarbeitsverhältnis und der Normalfamilie zur Flexibilisierung und zu neuen Lebensformen

In dem folgenden Papier werden grundlegende Entwicklungen des Familien- und des Erwerbsbereichs in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland fur die Zeit nach dem Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs bis zur Gegenwart aufgezeigt. Ab 1990 werden Trends in Ostund Westdeutschland getrennt beschrieben, da nach wie vor von grundlegenden Unterschieden in der Familien- und Erwerbsstruktur auszugehen ist. Verdeutlicht wird, das zwischen den Bereichen Erwerbsarbeit und Familie enge Wechselwirkungen bestehen. Diese Wechselwirkungen schlagen sich, wie der empirische Teil dieses Papiers auf der Basis der Sozio-okonomischen Panels 1985, 1990, 1994 und 1997 zeigt, in veranderten Erwerbsmustern nieder. Uber die Zeit betrachtet ist ein Wandel der Lebensformen, d. h. der Haushalts- und Erwerbskonstellationen in Ost und West zu beobachten. Neben den nach wie vor deutlichen Unterschieden in der Verteilung der Lebensformen zeichnen sich auch Tendenzen der Angleichung der ostdeutschen an westdeutsche Haushalts- und Erwerbsmuster ab.
Dietary Supplement Use in the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial: Implications for Prevention Trials

Nutrients included in commonly used dietary supplements, such as vitamins C and E, may affect cancer risk. To better understand how supplement use may affect the interpretation of cancer prevention trials, we examined dietary supplement use among participants in the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial, a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the drug finasteride (Proscar) for the primary prevention of prostate cancer. Of 15,387 men who completed food frequency questionnaires and dietary supplement questionnaires, 44.3% used a multivitamin, 35% used single supplements of vitamin C or E, and 10-15% used antioxidant mixtures or single supplements of vitamins A and D, zinc, or β-carotene at Lawrence Erlbaum Associatesst three times per week. The strongest correlates of supplement use were higher education and lower body mass index (p < 0.001), and whites and Asians were more likely to use multivitamins and single supplements of vitamins C and E than were blacks and Hispanics. Supplement users obtained 87% of their total daily vitamin E intake, 61-64% of vitamins A, C, and D, and about half of β-carotene, folate, and zinc from supplements. Because supplements, especially antioxidants, may confer independent cancer-preventive effects, analytic models of study findings should include exposure measurement of dietary supplements with appropriate tests for interaction. Our results can be generalized to similar chemoprevention trials.
Pacific Island countries in the globalized world: a study of macroeconomic interdependence and regional integration

In the context of globalization and development, and in particular the complex interactions between them, the Pacific Island Countries (PICs), once considered remote and untouched by sophisticated financial sector instruments, are now deeply affected by the second and third waves of the world-wide recession following the financial and banking crises in the industrialized countries. Consequent decline in economic activities in the advanced countries caused a general slow-down in all PICs. With the exception of Papua New Guinea, the PICs have narrow resource bases and limited export earning capabilities. Further, they are heavily dependent on imports ranging from food and fuel to machinery and manufactured goods. Global economic downturn has resulted in decrease in tourism earnings and inward remittances, which are the main sources of foreign exchange earnings. Thus, the economic crisis has brought into sharp focus the topic of macroeconomic interdependence of PICs for further examination, as part of regional economic integration. This paper deals with six major countries in the South Pacific region, viz., Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga and Vanuatu. Adopting a vector autoregressive (VAR) methodology, the study shows that there is strong evidence of country-specific shock affecting the variability of outputs in all PICs in the short-run. In the long run, it is found that the global output shock represented by the USA output shock is the most important shock followed by regional shocks. However, the quick and early recovery of Australia has re-established the case of regional economic integration with Australia and New Zealand. This has been the goal of Pacific Plan endorsed by the inter governmental organization consisting of PICs, and Australia and New Zealand.
Association of the transmembrane 4 superfamily molecule CD53 with a tyrosine phosphatase activity

Cell surface proteins of the transmembrane 4 superfamily (TM4SF) are a newly characterized family of proteins which are presumed to span the plasma membrane four times. The function of this family of molecules is poorly understood, but based on monoclonal antibody studies there is some evidence that they may be involved in transmembrane signal transduction and regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, or both, in a number of different cell types. CD53 is a member of this family that is expressed on leukocytes, and transduces activation signals through unknown mechanisms that may involve phosphorylation events. However, CD53 has never been shown to associate directly with kinases. Here, we show by immunoprecipitation from cell lysates of lymph nodes and a thymoma cell line, that immune complexes of rat CD53 contain tyrosine phosphatase activity. The CD53‐associated phosphatase was able to dephosphorylate in vitro the phosphorylated tyrosine kinase Lck, as well as a synthetic substrate, and its activity was abrogated by a tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor. Although its identity has not been established, it is clear from depletion experiments that it is not CD45. CD63, a second member of the TM4SF, also co‐precipitates a phosphatase activity from rat basophilic leukemia cells. These results demonstrate that the TM4SF members associate with tyrosine phosphatases. It seems possible that such associated phosphatases may contribute to the signal transduction capacity of TM4SF molecules.
Interface Databases: Design and Collection of a Multilingual Emotional Speech Database

As a part of the IST project Interface ("Multimodal Analysis/Synthesis System for Human Interaction to Virtual and Augmented environments"), an emotional speech database for Slovenian, English, Spanish, and French language has been recorded. The database is designed for general study of emotional speech as well as analysis of emotion characteristics for speech synthesis and for automatic emotion classification purposes. Six emotions have been defined: anger, sadness, joy, fear, disgust and surprise. The neutral styles were also recorded. One male speaker and one female speaker have been recorded, except for English language where two mail and one female speaker have been recorded. All the speakers are actors. The corpuses consist of 175-190 sentences for each language. For Spanish and Slovenian databases subjective evaluation tests have been made. The recorded Interface emotional speech database represents a good basis for emotional speech analysis and is also useful in synthesis of emotional speech.
The Prp19p-Associated Complex in Spliceosome Activation

During spliceosome activation, a large structural rearrangement occurs that involves the release of two small nuclear RNAs, U1 and U4, and the addition of a protein complex associated with Prp19p. We show here that the Prp19p-associated complex is required for stable association of U5 and U6 with the spliceosome after U4 is dissociated. Ultraviolet crosslinking analysis revealed the existence of two modes of base pairing between U6 and the 5′ splice site, as well as a switch of such base pairing from one to the other that required the Prp19p-associated complex during spliceosome activation. Moreover, a Prp19p-dependent structural change in U6 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles was detected that involves destabilization of Sm-like (Lsm) proteins to bring about interactions between the Lsm binding site of U6 and the intron sequence near the 5′ splice site, indicating dynamic association of Lsm with U6 and a direct role of Lsm proteins in activation of the spliceosome.
Evolving behavior in the clinical and experimental amphetamine (model) psychosis.

A parallel is drawn between several behavioral constellations observed in the evolution of the human amphetamine psychosis and the motor-postural-attitudinal manifestations induced in animals by chronic amphetamine intoxication. On the basis of the results reported, a triple-layered model of psychosis is suggested and the roles played by participating neurotransmitters and mechanisms are further elaborated.
Impact of venture investment shareholders on the financing behavior of the listing Corporation on a-share market

Venture capital started in 1980s in China, the scale of which has grown rapidly in the recent thirty years. As the existence of lock-up period of stock right in our country, venture capital will continue to affect all aspects of corporate governance of the listed corporation after the successful listing. At present, Chinese listing Corporation generally have some problems in financing, mainly for the narrow financing channels, high exogenous financing cost, and the obvious preference to equity financing. This paper emphatically discusses whether the participation of venture capital will affect the financing behavior of the listed corporations. Based on the relevant literature, this paper collects the data of listed corporations in the A-stock market during 2006-2013 as the samples of the empirical testing. The results show that the participation of venture capital can effectively increase the debt financing and equity financing of the listed corporations.