Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growth and economic performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) fed on three brans (maize, wheat and rice) in fertilized ponds

Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) was fed rice bran (RB), wheat bran (WB) and maize bran (MB) at 1.5% body weight. Fingerlings averaging 14 g were stocked at 19 462 fish ha−1 in three treatments with six replicates per treatment. Clarias gariepinus was stocked at 250 fish ha−1 to reduce the density of tilapia fry. Growth and economic performance were compared for 250 days in 0.08 ha fertilized ponds. Fish growth was highest (P 0.05), but significantly higher (P 0.05) among treatments. At retail price of US$ 1.28 kg−1 fish, returns above both variable and total costs from MB and WB treatments were positive, while those from RB were negative. However, at US$ 1.79 kg−1 fish, all test-feeds had positive returns above variable and total costs. In conclusion, MB treatment produced the highest growth, but the highest profitability was obtained in the WB treatment. Under present study conditions, RB was not cost-effective in the production of O. niloticus. A selling price of US$ 1.79 kg−1 fish is recommended.
Antigen-specific Th1 cells as direct effectors of Propionibacterium acnes-primed lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatic injury

Th1 cells are cytotoxic effector cells that utilize Fas ligand (FasL) and tumor necrosis factor. The physiological roles of cytotoxic Th1 cells are considered to be immunoregulation by eliminating autoreactive lymphocytes or hyper-activated foreign antigen-specific lymphocytes. Their pathological roles, however, remain to be clarified. To investigate whether Th1 cells can destroy organs, we generated a Propionibacterium acnes-specific Th1 clone from C57BL/6 mice and tested whether the clone could serve as an effector in a P. acnes-primed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)induced hepatic injury system, one of the septic shock models. B6Smn.C3H-FasL gld (B6-gld) mice, which were deficient in functional FasL, were resistant to P. acnes/LPS-induced hepatic shock. The Th1 clone rendered B6-gld mice sensitive to the hepatic shock after the i.v. transfer. The hepatic injury in the clone-transferred B6-gld mice, which was evaluated by both biochemical and histological examination, was inhibited by an anti-FasL mAb that we developed. These results suggested that bacterial antigen-specific Th1 cells like this clone can participate in organ destruction in vivo as one of the cytotoxic effectors and play a critical role in endotoxin-induced hepatic injury.
Growth Performance, Small Intestinal Morphology and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens

The objective of the study were to investigate the effects of a commercial probiotic Bioplus 2B and ® Protoxin supplementation to the diet of broiler chickens on the growth performance, small intestinal morphology and carcass characteristics. 240 day-old Ross 380 broilers were equally distributed into 24 floor pens and reared for 42 days. A basal diet was formulated according to the recommendations of National Research Council (NRC) for starter (22 to 42 days) periods and considered as control diet. Four tested diet were formulated as listed control diet (without any additives), Bioplus 2B probiotic, Protoxin probiotic and mixture of Bioplus2B and ®® Protoxin probiotics. Six replicate were used for each treatment. The result of this study indicated the adding Bioplus 2B and Protoxin probiotics, increased the final body weight, significantly (P<0.05). Furthermore, ®
Evolution of wind pollination in Leucadendron (Proteaceae) : experimental evidence and floral trait shifts.

Evolutionary transitions from insect to wind pollination are thought to have occurred many times during the angiosperm radiation. This transition is commonly associated with a suite of distinctive floral traits such as reduction of flower size and a transition to dry pollen. In the dioecious genus, Leucadendron (Proteaceae), evolutionary shifts from insect to wind pollination have been postulated based on floral morphology features. In this study, I aimed to experimentally test the potential for wind versus insect pollination in several Leucadendron species and document a variety of floral traits (pollen size, inflorescence size, scent, colour, etc.) in order to determine their functional significance whilst utilizing phylogenetic comparative methods to test the statistical significance of evolutionary associations between particular floral traits and pollination systems. Fifteen representative Leucadendron species were investigated to verify insect and wind pollination in as many clades as possible. Insect exclusion experiments confirmed that five Leucadendron species, L. rubrum, L. salicifolium, L. dubium, L. coniferum and L. teretifolium are indeed wind-pollinated. Pria cinerascens (Nititulidae) was found to be the main pollinator of the insect-pollinated Leucadendron species due to their abundance, high stigmatic contact and relatively pure Leucadendron pollen loads. Overall, however, the abundance of insects visiting inflorescences was not significantly different between insectand wind-pollinated species, which highlights the importance of conducting insect exclusion experiments to evaluate whether a species is windor insect-pollinated. From the previously determined pollination systems of 17 Leucadendron species, floral traits associated with the shift to wind pollination were investigated to determine whether transitions from insect to wind pollination were accompanied by modifications of pollination-relevant floral traits. In a wind tunnel, pollen grains of wind-pollinated species were found to be more motile than those of insect-pollinated species. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that transitions from insect to wind pollination occurred at least four times during the diversification of Leucadendron and that, compared to insect-pollinated cogeners, wind-pollinated Leucadendron species are characterized by increased production of smaller pollen grains, higher inflorescence density, less attractive visual and olfactory cues, and a greater degree of sexual dimorphism for these visual and olfactory cues. In conclusion, this study experimentally confirms that there were several shifts from insect to wind pollination in Leucadendron and identifies floral traits that were evolutionarily modified during these shifts.
A MEMÓRIA DOS IDOSOS, DOMINO GRATIAS: A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DO PROCESSO DE TRABALHO DO ASSISTENTE SOCIAL COM O GRUPO DOS MAIS VIVIDOS DO SESC-DF, BRASÍLIA (DF) 2019

In this article, we focus on the domino workshop, a proposal for cognitive stimulation and social inclusion that takes place in the Social Living of the Federal District (Sesc DF). This activity is developed with the elderly through the Recreation and Care areas. The work process of the social worker with the elderly in this workshop has the purpose of promoting the improvement of the active life quality, socialization and to prevent the cognitive decline associated with aging (DCAE). We highlight the construction of socio-educational practice and a critical and totalizing positioning of expressions of the social question from the daily life found within the workshops.
Morfoanatomia das brácteas em Heliconia (Heliconiaceae) ocorrentes no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

Foram estudados os caracteres morfoanatomicos das bracteas em H. rivularis, H. spathocircinata e H. velloziana (subg. Heliconia) e em H. angusta, H. hirsuta e H. subulata subsp. gracilis (subg. Stenochlamys), ocorrentes no Estado de Sao Paulo. As especies do subg. Heliconia apresentam bracteas cimbiformes, enquanto as do subg. Stenochlamys apresentam bracteas lanceolado-conduplicadas. Todas as especies apresentam bracteas com epiderme unisseriada, com celulas de paredes finas, estomatos tetraciticos em H. hirsuta e H. subulata e policiticos nas demais especies; feixes vasculares e canais de ar distribuidos em forma de arco; e feixes de fibras situados proximos a superficie abaxial. A forma das bracteas, associada a distribuicao e localizacao dos feixes de fibras na regiao abaxial e ao tamanho dos canais de ar no mesofilodifere nos dois subgeneros estudados, constituindo caracter de valor taxonomico. Foi elaborada uma chave de identificacao usando os caracteres morfoanatomicos.
The influence of a shortage of hosts on the specificity of oviposition behaviour in species of Dacus (Diptera, Tephritidae)

ABSTRACT. When deprived of their preferred hosts for up to 16 days prior to behaviour assays, three relatively specialized tephritid flies, D. cacuminatus (Hering), D. cucumis French and D. jarvisi (Tryon), retain strong preferences for their particular hosts. Moreover, in the absence of the preferred hosts, D. cacuminatus, and to a lesser extent D. cucumis, will not accept fruits that are outside their normal host range. D. jarvisi readily accepts other fruits in the absence of its preferred host, Planchonia careya, but in common with the other two shows no increase in the number of eggs laid with increasing periods of deprivation. None of these species accumulate oocytes when deprived of fruits.
24‐Epi‐makisterone a (not makisterone A) is the major ecdysteroid in the leaf‐cutting ant Acromyrmex octospinosus (reich) (hymenoptera, formicidae: Attini)

The chemical nature of the major ecdysteroid from pupae of the leaf-cutting ant Acromyrmex octospinosus has been reinvestigated. On the basis of reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, this compound was previously identified as makisterone A [Maurer et al., Arch Insect Biochem Physiol 16, 1 (1991)] but a more careful examination has led to the conclusion that it is in fact 24-epi-makisterone A. This finding stresses the limits of criteria used for the identification of ecdysteroids and the possible need for reexamination of makisterone A identification in some other species feeding on a 24β-methyl sterol source. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Ethics, science, and public policy

The profound influence of science on virtually every aspect of OUf lives-our health and longevity; the cornucopias of agricultural products that grace our dinner tables daily; the incredible comforts, luxuries, and technologies that surround US; and the far-reaching understanding of our origins and place in the universe-is no news to readers of BioScience. But surveys of the public's science literacy (see, for example, Anonymous 1990, Detjen 1995, Smith 1994) show a disturbing lack of understanding both of science as an epistomological means-"science as a way of knowing"-and of the ubiquitous extent to which it influences people's lives. Despite this superficial understanding, the public holds a substantial level of trust in science and scientists (Detjen 1995, Griffiths et a1. 1995, Lawler 1995). Thus scientists are routinely called on to contribute to public policy in all three branches of government: as employees in and consultants to executive agencies, as expert witnesses in the courts, and as advisers in shaping legislation. Nearly half of the bills that come before the US Congress have a significant scientific or technological component (Griffiths et al. 1995). A burgeoning literature these days is discussing the role of science in policy setting. Public policies are orders, statements of intent, andlor plans charging governmental organizations to achieve public purposes or goals through management programs. Although they may have immediate operational goals, the ultimate goals of public policies are to satisfy societal values (Wagner 1996). Policy setting is thus a sociopolitical process to achieve those goals.
Effects of Organic Fertilizers and a Microbial Inoculant on Leaf Photosynthesis and Fruit Yield and Quality of Tomato Plants

Summary An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of applications of an organic fertilizer (bokashi), and chicken manure as well as inoculation of a microbial inoculant (commercial name, EM) to bokashi and chicken manure on photosynthesis and fruit yield and quality of tomato plants. EM inoculation to both bokashi and chicken manure increased photosynthesis, fruit yield of tomato plants. Concentrations of sugars and organic acids were higher in fruit of plants fertilized with bokashi than in fruit of other treatments. Vitamin C concentration was higher in fruit from chicken manure and bokashi plots than in those from chemical fertilizer plots. EM inoculation increased vitamin C concentration in fruit from all fertilization treatments. It is concluded that both fruit quality and yield could be significantly increased by EM inoculation to the organic fertilizers and application directly to the soil.
ALGAE AS FUTURE DRUGS

Scientists are looking for biologic drugs which are cheaper than the existing drugs. The biologic drugs manufactured in mammalian cell culture or by bacteria or yeasts for treating diseases like diabetes, multiple sclerosis and cancer cost too much. The alternate is green algae, which is abundant, resilient, cheap to grow, and efficient at folding complex proteins.
Portugal Mineral Resources Cluster: Collective Strategy for Sectoral Recognition and Sustainable Development

The proposal as a strategic economic cluster and subsequent recognition of the Portugal Mineral Resources Cluster, by the Portuguese Government, constitutes a milestone and an important step for its rational management. It was clear that the economic growth of companies associated with the cluster of mineral resources grew comparatively more in the same period than those that are not part of the cluster. It has also been demonstrated that the learning capacity of making alliances increases the performance of companies. As an evolution of the Portuguese Stone Cluster, where the clustering strategy demonstrated positive results during the Portuguese economic crisis, the main goal, partly already achieved, of the “Associação Cluster Portugal Mineral Resources” is to spread the experience acquired in the stone sector to the Mineral Resources Economic Sector.
The phylogeographical and management implications of genetic population structure in the imperiled snuffbox mussel, Epioblasma triquetra (Bivalvia: Unionidae)

Seven populations of the imperiled snuffbox mussel, Epioblasma triquetra, were sampled from across the central basin of North America. Samples were genotyped using 15 microsatellite DNA loci, and maternal history was inferred using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome c oxidase subunit-I (COI) sequences. Populations in the Clinch and St Francis rivers were quite distinct in their mtDNA. The population in the St Francis River had a unique, fixed haplotype. Among a suite of haplotypes, the population in the Clinch River had two unique haplotypes of common ancestry. The other populations were dominated by a common haplotype, which also occurred in the Clinch River population. Analysis of DNA microsatellites revealed much greater divergences and showed significant genetic structure between populations in the formerly glaciated regions. Divergence has occurred between the populations, as evidenced by moderate to high fixation indices (FST and RST values) and nearly perfect assignment tests. These results indicate the occurrence of three glacial refugia for E. triquetra: the Tennessee River, rivers south of the Ozark Crest, and the lower Ohio River drainage near the confluence with the Mississippi. Populations in the lower Ohio River were likely to be responsible for the postglacial reinvasion into formerly glaciated regions, and into the upper Tennessee River drainage. The population of the St Francis River may constitute a distinct taxonomic entity. Conservation efforts, if necessary for this imperiled species, should not mix populations. © 2008 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2008, 93, 371‐384. ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: conservation genetics ‐ freshwater mussels ‐ microsatellite DNA ‐ mtDNA ‐ population genetics ‐ postglacial redistribution.
Strain rate–dependent mechanical metamaterials

Metamaterials with strain rate–dependent buckling behavior, switchable auxeticity, and negative viscoelasticity are demonstrated. Mechanical metamaterials are usually designed to exhibit novel properties and functionalities that are rare or even unprecedented. What is common among most previous designs is the quasi-static nature of their mechanical behavior. Here, we introduce a previously unidentified class of strain rate-dependent mechanical metamaterials. The principal idea is to laterally attach two beams with very different levels of strain rate-dependencies to make them act as a single bi-beam. We use an analytical model and multiple computational models to explore the instability modes of such a bi-beam construct, demonstrating how different combinations of hyperelastic and viscoelastic properties of both beams, as well as purposefully introduced geometric imperfections, could be used to create robust and highly predictable strain rate-dependent behaviors of bi-beams. We then use the bi-beams to design and experimentally realize lattice structures with unique strain rate-dependent properties including switching between auxetic and conventional behaviors and negative viscoelasticity.
SURVIVAL AND SONG-TYPE SHARING IN A SEDENTARY SUBSPECIES OF THE SONG SPARROW

Abstract The extent and spatial pattern of song-type sharing among neighboring males in one subspecies of Song Sparrow, Melospiza melodia cooperi, were examined in two San Diego County populations. Repertoire size averaged 9.6 song types per male (range 7 to 14). Song-type sharing was greatest between neighbors and declined with distance between territories. Adjacent neighbors shared an average of 22% of their song types. Variation in the amount of sharing between adjacent territory owners was high, ranging from 0% to 86% repertoire overlap. Results are consistent with the expected pattern produced by age-restricted learners that attempt to establish territories near tutors. The probability of a male surviving and remaining on his territory through the breeding and nonbreeding season increased as the fraction of song types shared with adjacent neighbors increased. The amount of song-type sharing may therefore be an indicator of a male's competitive ability to obtain a preferred territory near his tutors, or it may determine a male's effectiveness in using shared and unshared song types to communicate aggressive intentions.
Identification and Expression Profiling of Chemosensory Genes in Hermetia illucens via a Transcriptomic Analysis

The black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, is a cosmopolitan insect of the family Stratiomyidae (Diptera). Chemosensory genes encode proteins involved directly in the detection of odorants. In this study, we sequenced the antennal transcriptome of H. illucens adults to identify chemosensory genes. Putative unigenes encoding 27 odorant binding proteins (OBPs), five chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 70 odorant receptors (ORs), 25 ionotropic receptors (IRs), 10 gustatory receptors (GRs) and two sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs) were identified. Tissue-specific expression profiles of the identified OBPs, CSPs and SNMPs were investigated using RT-PCR. Eight OBPs (HillOBP1-2, 9, 11-14, and 17), one CSP (HillCSP5) and one SNMP (HillSNMP1) were predominantly expressed in antennae. Further real-time quantitative PCR analyses revealed that the antennae-enriched unigenes also exhibited significant differences in expression between males and females. Among the sex-biased unigenes, six ORs showed female-biased expression, suggesting that these genes might participate in female-specific behaviors such as oviposition site searching. Sixteen ORs and two OBPs showed male-biased expression, indicating that they may play key roles in the detection of female sex pheromones. Our study is the first attempt to delineate the molecular basis of chemoreception in H. illucens. Our data provide useful information for comparative studies on the differentiation and evolution of Dipteran chemosensory gene families.
Neurobehavioral Effects in Relation to Endocrine Alterations Caused by Exposure to Brominated Flame Retardants in Rats—Comparison to Polychlorinated Biphenyls

ABSTRACT The widespread use of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) has led to increasing concentrations in environmental samples. Previous reports suggested endocrine activity of these compounds. Because thyroid hormones and sex steroids are known to regulate the development of the nervous system, we examined neurobehavioral and endocrine effects of gestational exposure to 2,2′4,4′,5-pentabrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE99) and lifetime exposure to tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) or hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) in rats. Treatment with PBDE99 (0, 1, or 10 mg/kg bw) reduced serum testosterone and estradiol in male offspring and affected sexual development in both sexes. Exposed males exhibited increased sweet preference, indicating feminization of this sexually dimorphic behavior. In TBBPA and HBCD experiments, a benchmark design was used with dose ranges of 0-3000 mg/kg bw/day and 0–100 mg/kg bw/day, respectively. Because thyroid hormones are critical for auditory development, brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) were recorded in young adult offspring. TBBPA exposure elevated BAEP thresholds in females and prolonged latencies in both sexes. Benchmark doses were comparable for auditory effects and decreased plasma T4. HBCD increased BAEP thresholds and delayed BAEP waves only in males, but the relation to thyroid hormones remains to be determined. HBCD also reduced latencies in haloperidol-induced catalepsy, suggesting effects on the dopaminergic system.
Isolation of Lactic Acid Bacteria with High Biological Activity from Local Fermented Dairy Products

The thirty-two strains of lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the Mongolian traditional fermented dairy products, among them 25 strains show antimicrobial activity against test microorganisms including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomоnas aeruginosa. Protease sensitivity assay demonstrated that the antimicrobial substances produced by isolates А23, Т2 are bacteriocins as their antibacterial activities were eliminated completely after treatment with protease. Identifi cation of bacteria is being carried out. Among the isolates 22 strains show protease enzyme producing activity. The selected strains isolated from mare’s fermented milk (airag or kumis) and yoghurt (tarag) show the specifi c protease activity from 7.9 μg/ml to 11.9 μg/ml. The strain T2, isolated from yoghurt exhibited the highest proteolytic activity.
A new bushcricket species and notes on some less known species of the genus Poecilimon Fischer, 1853 from Turkey (Orthoptera, Phaneropterinae)

Abstract New data on the distribution and systematics of Turkish species of Poecilimon Fischer, 1853, are presented. A new species (Poecilimon demirsoyi sp. n.) and the insufficiently known females of Poecilimon birandi Karabag and Poecilimon haydari Ramme are described, and some new distributional records given.