Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increasing the amount of leucaena on offer gives faster growth rates of grazing cattle in south east Queensland.

We measured the effect of increased supply of leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala cv. Peru) on the growth of steers grazing native pasture in South East Queensland. Steers grazed paddocks of black speargrass (Heteropogon contortus) pasture in which either 0, 25 or 100% of the area was sown to 3 m-wide rows of leucaena. In the 25% leucaena treatment, the leucaena portion was ungrazed in summer. Mimosine toxicity was avoided by dosing cattle with mimosine-detoxifying rumen bacteria. The growth rate of steers increased with the proportion of the paddock covered by leucaena. Steers grazing paddocks with 0, 25, and 100% of the paddock covered by leucaena rows gained 90, 127 and 205 kg/steer.year, respectively. The amount of leucaena foliage on offer appeared to be the major factor increasing steer growth.
Cell wall characteristics in relation to forage digestion by ruminants

Plant cell walls provide the main energy source for more than 1-4 billion ruminant livestock units in the world. Domestic ruminants produce 70% of the total animal protein eaten and 10% of the natural fibre used by humans (Minson 1990). Maximizing energy gained from cell walls of forages is thus important for high efficiency of animal production. This necessitates rapid digestion of walls by rumen microbes and effective comminution by chewing and rumination of high fibre forages to give small particles that pass through the rumen quickly and allow high forage intake. Cell walls comprise 20-80 % of forage dry weight and are composed principally of hemicellulose, pectin, cellulose and lignin. The latter two components are the most abundantly distributed polymers on earth, and thus studies of wall characteristics have much wider implications than just the field of animal nutrition. The development of a rigid wall around cells, arising from the form and architectural arrangement of cellulose microfibrils, is an important adaptation in the evolution of land plants, allowing an upright multicellular form resistant to aerial stresses (Niklas 1989). Additional developments, such as secondary wall thickening in certain cell types, deposition of lignin within primary and secondary walls, and its cross-linking to the cell wall polysaccharides, provided the increased wall strength regarded as another important step in this evolutionary process. These developments, important for effective plant function, are often the very characteristics that limit the ready availability of energy for ruminants from cell wall carbohydrates. This review briefly covers wall characteristics at the forage, tissue and cell level and some of the current trends in research related to wall digestion. Wall characteristics may be divided broadly into three areas of interest: total wall content in forage, variation in structural arrangement associated with plant anatomy, and wall chemical composition. Cell wall content and its effects on forage quality
La fonction Sûreté dans les grandes entreprises françaises

Cette these a pour but d’analyser la fonction Surete dans les grandes entreprises francaises. Elle est abordee sous l’angle de la theorie de la contingence selon laquelle une organisation efficace est celle qui est le mieux adaptee a son environnement. Dans un premier temps, nous analysons l’environnement criminel des entreprises afin d’en demontrer l’influence sur la vie des entreprises. Nous etudions ensuite la litterature consacree a la fonction Surete afin d’en determiner les caracteristiques essentielles. De cette premiere partie, nous tirons une analyse empirique basee sur un questionnaire visant a savoir ce qu’est la realite organisationnelle de ce type de direction aujourd’hui en France. Notre but est egalement de determiner les caracteristiques environnementales qui ont le plus d’influence sur leur organisation. Nous en arrivons a la conclusion que, conformement a la litterature consacree a la theorie de la contingence, la taille de l’organisation a ici une grande influence. Mais que l’implication internationale de l’organisation est egalement un element caracteristique . La contribution des organisations a la stabilite nationale et a la production de securite publique est aussi un element determinant de l’organisation des departements de Surete en France.
ABATEMENT OF DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS OF PHOTOAGING BY PRUNUS AMYGDALUS SKIN EXTRACT

Prunus amygdalus is used extensively in cosmetic formulation owing to its copio us properties. In this investigation herbal cosmetic formulation comprising of Prunus amygdalus skin extract was prepared and evaluated for the protection of skin from solar ultraviolet induce photoaging. To investigate the antiaging activity of prepared f ormulation the UVB‐ induced oxidative stress was generated in mice and protective effects were observed after topical treatment of prepared formulation ( 0.2 mg cm2 day‐1 ) , 2 hrs prior to UV exposures. Biochemical investigations (lipid peroxidation and glutathione) were carried out to evaluate the photoprotective effect of prepared formulation. The change in level of moisture content in formulation treated mice s kin group as compared to UV irradiated control mice group was a lso estimated . The prepared formulationtreated mice skin grops showed stronger antioxidant activity by significantly decreased and increased MDA and GSH level respectively as compared to irradiated control group. Remarkable difference could be seen in moisture content in formulation treated mice skin as compared to irradiated control and thus it’s confirmed from moisture content and biochemical investigations that topical application of Prunus amygdalus skin extract containing cformulation possess antiwrinkle properties.
Evaluation of Integrated Management of Aphid Pests, Brevicoryne Brassicae and Lipaphis Erysimi on Canola Crop in Southern Punjab, Pakistan

The study was conducted to evaluate various measures, viz., application of insecticide methomyl @ 560 gm/ha, plant spraying with tap water, release of Coccinella septempunctata (L) @ 50 grubs per plot, release of another predator Chrysoperla. carnea (Stephen) @ 1000 eggs per plot and release of both predators together for the control of canola pests, Brevicoryne brassicae and Lipaphis erysimi during 2002- 2003. Methomyl was found to be the most effective treatment resulting in maximum control of aphids till seventh day after treatment followed by the plant washing with tap water and release of both predators. Blank spray with tap water gave satisfactory control of the pest till 48 hours after application. The efficiency of the predators when released singly or released together was increased as the releasing period was prolonged. Plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod and grain yield were significantly affected in all the treatments.
A new species of Aphis Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from Cephalaria gigantea (Dipsacaceae) in Georgia

Apterous and alate viviparous females of Aphis cephalariae sp. n. living on Cephalaria gigantea (Dipsacaceae) are described and illustrated. Differentiations between the new species and the morphologically similar A. acetosae are given. Based on apterous viviparous females, keys are provided to all aphid species recorded as feeding on Cephalaria gigantea, and to all Aphis species living on Dipsacaceae.
Use of canopy- and leaf-reflectance indices for the detection of quality variables of Vicia species

Laboratory determinations of plant-nutrient contents are time consuming and costly. Measurements of reflectance may provide a rapid and accurate means of estimating plant quality variables. This study was conducted to determine relationships between nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) contents of Vicia sativa, Vicia pannonica and Vicia villosa and their canopy- and leaf-reflectance indices. Canopy- and leaf-reflectance measurements were made by using a portable spectroradiometer and a plant probe. Linear equations between each forage quality variable and the simple ratio of reflectances in the near-infrared (R NIR) to red regions (R Red) of the electromagnetic spectrum, R NIR/R Red, or the normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI, had coefficients of determination, R 2, of 0.45 ≤ R 2 ≤ 0.80 and 0.49 ≤ R 2 ≤ 0.85 at wavelengths of 760 and 640 nm, respectively. Validation of developed equations indicated that all quality parameters could be predicted by either NDVI or R NIR/R Red. Our results suggest that N, P, K, ADF and NDF contents of vetch species can be estimated at the beginning of the flowering stage and throughout the seed-filling stage using remote-sensing data of both canopy- and leaf-reflectance indices.
Acute Inflammatory Response as a Mediator of the Effects of High-intensity Exercise on Appetite and Food Intake in Boys.

Background: High-intensity exercise (HIEX) suppresses appetite in adults and is thought to be mediated by appetite-regulating hormones. However, the effects of HIEX induced inflammatoryand stress biomarkers on appetite control and body-weight (BW) has not been reported in children or adults. Hypothesis: HIEX induced suppression of appetite associates with inflammatoryand stress-, but not appetite hormone responses in overweight (OW), obese (OB) and normal-weight (NW) boys. Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the effects of acute HIEX at 70% VO2peak on post-exercise appetite and selective biomarkers of inflammation, stress, and appetite regulatory hormones in NW and OW/OB boys. Design: NW (n=11) and OW/OB (n=11) boys (aged 10-18y) were randomly assigned in a crossover design to rest or HIEX. The HIEX protocol consisted of three 10min bouts of HIEX at 70% VO2peak at 60-70RPM with 1:30min active rest interposed. Visual analog scale appetite ratings and plasma biomarkers of appetite, inflammation, stress, and glucose control were measured following HIEX or rest. Results: Appetite increased from baseline to 70min (p<0.001) but was lower after HIEX (p=0.04) with no difference between BW groups. HIEX also resulted in lower active ghrelin (P<0.001) and increased interleukin-6 (p<0.001), tumour-necrosis-factor-α (P<0.001) and cortisol (P<0.001) levels, independent of BW. It increased blood glucose (P=0.002) and insulin (P=0.028) concentrations in NW but not OW/OB boys. Leptin, glucagon-like-peptide-1, peptide-YY, Creactive protein and cortisol were not affected by HIEX over time. An inverse correlation was found between Interleukin-6 and appetite (r=−0.379; P=0.012) but not any other biomarkers. Conclusion: In conclusion, HIEX resulted in reduced appetite that correlated with an increase in Interleukin-6 in both NW and OW/OB boys. However, while a role for Interleukin-6 in the response can be suggested, the suppression of appetite was potentially mediated by the decrease in active ghrelin and/or increase in cortisol.
Protective effect of Dalbergia sisso bark on hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in albino rats

The aqueous extract of Dalbergia sisso bark was screened for its hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activities against paracetamol (300 mg/kg i.p) and CCl4 (1.0 ml/kg, i.p) induce liver and kidney damage in albino rats. The aqueous extract of Dalbergia sisso bark was significantly (**P0.01) decreased the serum enzyme alanine amino transferase (ALT), asparate amino transferase (AST), alkaline phosphates (ALP), total bilirubin (TB) and significantly increased the total protein (TP) level and significantly increased the levels of SOD, GSH, LPO, CAT. Silymarin (250 mg/kg), a known hepatoprotective and nephroprotective drug used for comparison exhibited significant activity (**P0.01). The extract did not showed any mortality up to a dose of 2000 mg/kg.
Original Contribution CHANGES IN BLOOD ANTIOXIDANT STATUS OF HANOVERIAN HORSES DURING FOUR YEAR SEASONS

The aim of the present study was to establish the influence of climatic changes on antioxidant status in the blood of Hanoverian horses during the four seasons of the year. The oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium of 20 healthy horses was assessed by blood antioxidant marker analyses, i.e. determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) blood concentrations, erythrocyte activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (САТ). The highest MDA values (3.106 ± 0.165 µM), combined with low SOD activity (1876.69 ± 146.5 U/gHb) and a compensatory increase of the CAT activity (34508.94 ± 1511.23 U/gHb) werе detected in the spring. The results showed strong oxidative stress during the spring, resulting from the continuous influence of the low temperatures and humidity in the winter. Oxidative stress tended to increased in autumn (MDA 2.032 ± 0.132 mM, SOD 4095.414 ± 196.17 U/gHb and CAT 27410.75 ± 3225.06 U/gHb) although at an extent lower than the winter values. The beginning of summer could be accepted as the most appropriate time for physical training of horses because of the lowest MDA values (1.530 ± 0.047 mM) measured.
CO2 partial pressure controls the calcification rate of a coral community

Previous studies have demonstrated that coral and algal calcification is tightly regulated by the calcium carbonate saturation state of seawater. This parameter is likely to decrease in response to the increase of dissolved CO2 resulting from the global increase of the partial pressure of atmospheric CO2. We have investigated the response of a coral reef community dominated by scleractinian corals, but also including other calcifying organisms such as calcareous algae, crustaceans, gastropods and echinoderms, and kept in an open‐top mesocosm. Seawater pCO2 was modified by manipulating the pCO2 of air used to bubble the mesocosm. The aragonite saturation state (Ωarag) of the seawater in the mesocosm varied between 1.3 and 5.4. Community calcification decreased as a function of increasing pCO2 and decreasing Ωarag. This result is in agreement with previous data collected on scleractinian corals, coralline algae and in a reef mesocosm, even though some of these studies did not manipulate CO2 directly. Our data suggest that the rate of calcification during the last glacial maximum might have been 114% of the preindustrial rate. Moreover, using the average emission scenario (IS92a) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, we predict that the calcification rate of scleractinian‐dominated communities may decrease by 21% between the pre‐industrial period (year 1880) and the time at which pCO2 will double (year 2065).
Coarctation of the aorta in adults

Daniela Žáková1, 2, Tomáš Zatočil2, 4, Olga Pokorná1, 2, Petr Malík1, 2, Jiří Ničovský1, 2, Jiří Ondrášek1, 2, Petra Antonová3, Jan Černý1, 2, Petr Němec1, 2 1Centrum kardiovaskulární a transplantační chirurgie, Brno 2Centrum komplexní péče o vrozené srdeční vady v dospělosti, Brno 3Centrum pro dospělé s vrozenou srdeční vadou, Klinika kardiovaskulární chirurgie FN Motol, Praha 4Interní kardiologická klinika Fakultní nemocnice, Brno
Farm yard manure and neem cake on feeding preference, ovipositional preference and developmental period of coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei.

The impact of induced resistance acquired in coffee plants through organic sources of nutrition on berry infestation, feeding preference, ovipositional preference and developmental period of coffee berry borer was assessed. Among the various organic sources of nutrients / amendments tested, application of farm yard manure (FYM) (1.25 t/ha) + neem cake (0.75 t/ha) + azophos (25 kg/ha) followed by FYM + neem cake in two equal splits at four months interval was found to be consistently effective in reducing the infestation of coffee berry borer throughout the period of observations and also less preferred for feeding and oviposition by coffee berry borer and thus exhibited high inhibition for feeding (antifeedant) and ovipositional deterrency. The organics treated plots recorded significantly prolonged larval duration due to neem and it was maximum in FYM + neem cake + azophos (18.76 + 3.14 days) as compared to 13.41 + 2.25 in inorganic NPK. The growth index of berry borer was the least (4.24) in the treatment with FYM + neem cake + azophos as compared to 6.87 in inorganic NPK.
The effect of food distribution on habitat use of foraging hedgehogs and the ideal non-territorial despotic distribution [Erinaceus europaeus, habitat selection, ideal free distribution]

Une analyse de la distribution spatiale et du comportement d'alimentation de herissons (Erinaceus europaeus) en relation avec la disponibilite en vers de terre, dans des prairies ouvertes, a montre que : (1) l'accroissement relatif de la densite de herissons est directement proportionnel a l'accroissement relatif de la densite de vers de terre et (2) le taux d'ingestion est systematiquement plus eleve sur les sites ayant une forte densite de vers de terre que sur les sites pauvres. Individuellement, les herissons ont acces a ces sites de maniere differenciee, les femelles lourdes passant l'essentiel de la nuit sur les sites riches tandis que les juveniles, les mâles et les femelles legeres en font un usage variable. Le premier de ces resultats, mais non le second, est en accord avec la prediction du modele de distribution libre ideale (FRETWELL & LucAs, 1970). Un modele conceptuel appele de Distribution Despotique Non-territoriale Ideale en a ete empiriquement derive pour expliquer la distribution des herissons dans des prairies ouvertes. Ce modele differe des autres en ce que les competiteurs sont de se deplacer (1) en dehors du systeme et (2) entre les sites d'alimentation aussi longtemps qu'ils conservent un espace individuel tel que les mauvais competiteurs ne peuvent pas acceder aux meilleurs sites lorsque ceux-ci sont satures de bons competiteurs.
Aflatoksinlerin Etçi Piliçlerde Bağışıklık Sistemi Üzerine Etkisi

Erciyes Üniversitesi, Veteriner Fakültesi, Farmakoloji ve Toksikoloji Anabilim Dalı-KAYSERİ Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Histoloji ve Embriyoloji Anabilim DalıISPARTA Ankara Üniversitesi, Veteriner Fakültesi, Farmakoloji ve Toksikoloji Anabilim Dalı-ANKARA Kafkas Üniversitesi, Veteriner Fakültesi, Farmakoloji ve Toksikoloji Anabilim Dalı-KARS Refik Saydam Hıfzısıhha Enstitüsü-ANKARA
Role of the ABC transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1 in foam cell formation and atherosclerosis

Enhancing reverse cholesterol transport from macrophages in the arterial wall to the liver for biliary excretion has been identified as a potential therapeutic strategy to reduce and eventually regress atherogenesis. In addition to HDL-raising therapies, modulating macrophage cholesterol efflux pathways might be an interesting new approach in the treatment of atherosclerosis. Recently, two ATP-binding cassette transporters, ABCA1 and ABCG1, have been indentified to play a critical role in the efflux of cholesterol from macrophages, suggesting a function in maintaining normal cellular cholesterol homeostasis and the prevention of atherogenesis. This review focuses on the recent findings on the role of macrophage ABCA1 and ABCG1 in atherosclerotic lesion development and highlights the complex regulatory mechanisms and possible consequences of therapeutic upregulation of these transporters.
Do Red Squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) Use Daily Torpor During Winter?

Abstract: Given their relatively small body size, high thermoregulatory costs, and low metabolic rate, we tested the hypothesis that red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) would employ bouts of daily torpor to save energy during winter. We collected data on body temperature (Tb) using surgically implanted data loggers for squirrels in the Cypress Hills region of Saskatchewan, where extended periods of cold snowy weather make foraging difficult and should lead to high levels of energy expenditure. Based on over 8000 measurements from 4 animals over 3 winters, we found no evidence for torpor use. However, Tb was lowest in January and highest in September and May, and mean monthly Tb was correlated with mean monthly ambient temperature (Ta). Given that taxonomically related species can and do use torpor, it remains to be determined what makes heterothermy in this species costly to the extent that its use is precluded.
Mycopesticides as part of integrated pest management of locusts and grasshoppers

Abstract The search for alternatives to the widespread use of chemicals to control locusts and grasshoppers has led to the development of mycoinsecticides based on Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum. Two products are available commercially: Green Muscle® in Africa and Green Guard® in Australia. Only Green Guard® has been used in large control operations, with nearly 80,000 ha treated since operational use began in 2000. Research, though important, was not sufficient to lead to operational use of Green Guard®: the critical factor was the formation of the Locust and Grasshopper Biocontrol Committee that consisted of research providers, end-users and a commercial partner who together favored the rapid development of a commercial product. In Australia, M. a. var. acridum is used in environmentally sensitive areas such as near waterways, or where there are rare and endangered species, and on the many properties, in locust-source areas in the interior, that produce organic beef for export. However, an increasingly important use is by landholders, who are now required to list all the chemicals used for pest control when they sell their products. This, potentially very large, use is limited by the myopesticide's slower action and higher price. Slower action is not a major problem when Metarhizium is used in preventive control programs. The higher price is, in part, a consequence of its narrow host range. M. a. var. acridum is specific to locusts and grasshoppers, so research, development and registration costs must be divided amongst 1 or 2 users, not dozens, as is common with chemical pesticides. Yet one of the greatest problems is the sporadic nature of locust and grasshopper outbreaks, which results in an intermittent need for Metarhizium and a lack of ready availability when outbreaks do occur. Use of Metarhizium in a number of countries, including those that have more regular outbreaks, may be one way of ensuring high-volume production at a reasonable price. Only then will there be a regular operational use to prove that this mycoinsecticide works under a wide variety of environmental conditions, so that it can take its place as part of the integrated pest management of locusts and grasshoppers throughout the world.
Alzheimer’s Disease Pathophysiology and Risk Factors with Amyloid Positron Emission Tomography, an Open Science Approach, and the Consideration of Environmental Exposures

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common underlying cause of dementia but is incompletely understood. The pathophysiology of AD involves amyloid-beta plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and cerebrovascular changes involving white matter. Risk factors including lead (Pb) exposure influence these processes. This thesis has four components related to improving the understanding of AD pathophysiology. First, amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) tracer delivery was hypothesized to be associated with white matter integrity and was demonstrated to be correlated with established biomarkers in mild cognitive impairment. Second, an open source software package for PET analysis was created to improve transparency in AD research. Third, a systematic review of case-control studies of Pb measurement in AD is presented, which highlights the possible connection but identifies a need for studies that address early-life Pb exposure. And fourth, a hypothesis that environmental microdose lithium may mitigate Pb toxicity including cognitive impact is outlined with several literature reviews.