Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reciprocal Compensation to Changes in Dietary Intake and Energy Expenditure within the Concept of Energy Balance.

An imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure is the primary etiology for excess weight gain. Increased energy expenditure via exercise and energy restriction via diet are commonly used approaches to induce weight loss. Such behavioral interventions, however, have generally resulted in a smaller than expected weight loss, which in part has been attributed to compensatory adaptations in other components contributing to energy balance. Current research points to a loose coupling between energy intake and energy expenditure on a daily basis, and evidence for long-term adaptations has been inconsistent. The lack of conclusive evidence on compensatory adaptations in response to alterations in energy balance can be attributed to differences in intervention type and study population. Physical activity (PA) levels may be reduced in response to aerobic exercise but not in response to resistance exercise. Furthermore, athletic and lean adults have been shown to increase their energy intake in response to exercise, whereas no such response was observed in obese adults. There is also evidence that caloric restriction is associated with a decline in PA. Generally, humans seem to be better equipped to defend against weight loss than avoid weight gain, but results also show a large individual variability. Therefore, individual differences rather than group means should be explored to identify specific characteristics of "compensators" and "noncompensators. " This review emphasizes the need for more research with simultaneous measurements of all major components contributing to energy balance to enhance the understanding of the regulation of energy balance, which is crucial to address the current obesity epidemic.
An automatic system for in vitro cell migration studies

This paper describes a system for in vitro cell migration analysis. Adult neural stem/progenitor cells are studied using time‐lapse bright‐field microscopy and thereafter stained immunohistochemically to find and distinguish undifferentiated glial progenitor cells and cells having differentiated into type‐1 or type‐2 astrocytes. The cells are automatically segmented and tracked through the time‐lapse sequence. An extension to the Chan‐Vese Level Set segmentation algorithm, including two new terms for specialized growing and pruning, made it possible to resolve clustered cells, and reduced the tracking error by 65%. We used a custom‐built manual correction module to form a ground truth used as a reference for tracked cells that could be identified from the fluorescence staining. On average, the tracks were correct 95% of the time, using our new segmentation. The tracking, or association of segmented cells, was performed using a 2‐state Hidden Markov Model describing the random behaviour of the cells. By re‐estimating the motion model to conform with the segmented data we managed to reduce the number of tracking parameters to essentially only one. Upon characterization of the cell migration by the HMM state occupation function, it was found that glial progenitor cells were moving randomly 2/3 of the time, while the type‐2 astrocytes showed a directed movement 2/3 of the time. This finding indicates possibilities for cell‐type specific identification and cell sorting of live cells based on specific movement patterns in individual cell populations, which would have valuable applications in neurobiological research.
A Compact Spatio-Temporal Fingerprint for Video Copy Detection System

: Video copy detection system is used for video indexing and copy right applications. The fingerprint extraction algorithm extracts unique features of the video based on the content of the video. The key frames are extracted from the video based on the Structural Similarity Measure (SSIM). The fingerprint can be extracted from specially constructed image which is known as Temporally Informative representative Image (TIRI). The TIRI image contains both spatial and temporal information about the video. Then the TIRI-DCT algorithm extracts the fingerprints from the TIRIs. The search algorithm such as header based similarity search method searches close enough match for fingerprint of query video and fingerprint within database. The extracted fingerprint should be robust to frame rate conversion, background and intensity changes and geometric attacks such as rotation, scaling etc. The system focuses on determining pirated version of video from the video database. It consists of three stages. In key frame extraction the SSIM is used for measuring the similarity between the frames. In this way avoid more similar frames and preserve those are distinct or key frames. These key frames are used for generating TIRI images. The weighted average of all the selected frames is taken as TIRI. Then Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) algorithm is applied to extract the features, because it can precisely capture local variations that exist in the TIRI image. From that the binary feature data or binary fingerprint is generate and stored in the fingerprint database. For fingerprint searching within the database a header based similarity search method is proposed. The system has been tested for around 50 videos. Among these test result gave a true positive rate of 97 percent. This result shows that the proposed copy detection system is more robust and discriminant.
Optimization of multi-service IEEE802.11e block acknowledgement

Optimization of IEEE 802.11e MAC protocol performance is addressed by modifying several parameters left open in the standard, like block size and acknowledgement policies in order to improve the channel efficiency. The use of small block sizes leads to a high overhead caused by the negotiation on the other hand, the use of large block sizes causes long delays, which can affect negatively real-time applications (or delay sensitive applications). An event driven simulator was developed, and results with a single service and several services running simultaneously were extracted. By using the Block Acknowledgement (BA) procedure, for video and background traffics in a single service situation, the capacity was improved in the case when the number of stations is equal or higher than 16 and 12, respectively. However, for lower values of the number of stations, the use of BA leads to a slightly worst system performance. In a scenario with mixture of services the most advised block size is 12 (less delay in a highly loaded scenario). The number of supported user (total) increases from 30 to 35.
Measures of Criminal Attitudes and Associates (MCAA)

Recent meta-analysis has demonstrated that attitudes and associates are among the best predictors of antisocial behavior. Despite this finding, there are few psychometrically developed and validated measures of criminal and antisocial attitudes and associates. This study reviews the theoretical and empirical development of the Measures of Criminal Attitudes and Associates (MCAA), which is composed of two parts. Part A is a quantified self-report measure of criminal friends. Part B contains four attitude scales: Violence, Entitlement, Antisocial Intent, and Associates. The MCAA showed reasonable reliability (internal consistency and temporal stability) and appropriate convergent and discriminant validity. Criterion validity was evidenced in the scale’s relationship with criminal history variables, and a factor analysis confirmed the four distinct scale domains.
Interaction of a cellular 57-kilodalton protein with the internal translation initiation site of foot-and-mouth disease virus

A cellular 57-kDa protein (p57) that binds specifically to the internal translation initiation site in the 5' untranslated region of foot-and-mouth disease virus RNA was detected in cell extracts of different mammalian species by UV cross-linking. The protein binds to two distinct sites of the translation control region which have as the only common sequence a UUUC motif. The first binding site consists of a conserved hairpin structure, whereas the second binding site contains an essential pyrimidine-rich region without obvious secondary structure. Competition experiments indicate that the complexes with the two binding sites were formed by a single p57 species. The protein binds also to the 5' untranslated region of other picornaviruses. Results from footprint analyses with foot-and-mouth disease RNA suggest the participation of additional cellular factors in the translation initiation complex.
Type 2 Diabetes in Childhood: The American Perspective

The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is steadily escalating throughout the world in people from a wide range of ethnic groups and all social and economic levels. Type 2 diabetes is no longer a disease only of adults: parallel with the global epidemic of type 2 diabetes in adults, an ‘emerging epidemic’ of type 2 diabetes has been observed in youth over the last decade. Research and clinical experience in adults have established that insulin resistance is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes. However, insulin resistance alone is not sufficient to cause diabetes, which will develop only when insulin secretion by the β-cells fails. This review discusses the recent emergence of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents, its risk factors, pathophysiologic mechanisms and treatment modalities.
Discovery of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Bunyavirus Strains Originating from Intragenic Recombination

ABSTRACT This study analyzes available severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) genomes and reports that a sublineage of lineage I bears a unique M segment recombined from two of three prevailing SFTSV lineages. Through recombination, the sublineage has acquired nearly complete G1 associated with protective epitopes from lineage III, suggesting that this recombination has the capacity to induce antigenic shift of the virus. Therefore, this study provides some valuable implications for the vaccine design of SFTSV.
Object Recognition Under Complex Environmental Conditions on Remote Sensing Image

Object detection on high-resolution and optical remote sensing images has attracted extensive interest. Because Deep neural networks have boomed in recent years, based on caffe and cuda, We trained a multilayer convolutional neural network to classify the 12 thousand high-resolution and unlabeled optical remote sensing images via the Internet into the 1000 different classes. On the test dataset, we achieved error rates of 17.7% which work went relatively well than the previous machine learning techniques. To help to save training time, we also used pre-trained model, GTX970 GPU and powerful implementation of the algorithm, these approach helping we saving a lot of time. The results compared with the published ones, and good agreement is obtained.
Mechanical design for tailoring the resonance harmonics of an atomic force microscope cantilever during tip–surface contact

We describe an atomic force microscope cantilever design for which the second flexural mode frequency can be tailored relative to the first mode frequency, for operation in contact with a substrate. A freely resonating paddle internal to the cantilever reduces the stiffness of the second flexural mode relative to the first while nearly maintaining the mass of the original cantilever. Finite element analysis is used to predict the performance of various cantilever designs and several cantilevers are fabricated and tested. This strategy allows the ratio of the first two resonant modes f2/f1 to be controlled over the range 1.6–4.5. The ability to vary f2/f1 could improve a variety of dynamic contact-mode measurements.
ISME research trends: Marine robotics for emergencies at sea

One of the main recent research trends of the Italian Interuniversity Research Center on Integrated Systems for Marine Environment (ISME) is the use of marine cooperative teams of autonomous robots within the fields of security, prevention and management of emergencies at sea. Such fields are of worldwide interest for obvious reasons, but they have recently gained relevance in the current historical moment, especially in the Mediterranean sea. Within such a dramatic context, the use of robots could certainly provide helpful for the execution of patrolling and detection, identification and classification of interesting elements, such as people to be saved or oil leaks, as well as the successive execution of the intervention/rescue strategy. This paper presents the Key Enabling Technologies as well as some Key Research Areas that are being currently investigated by ISME toward the ambitious objective of employing robotic solutions for the management of emergencies at sea.
Components and Outcomes of Internet-Based Interventions for Caregivers of Older Adults: Systematic Review

Background When trying to access interventions to improve their well-being and quality of life, family caregivers face many challenges. Internet-based interventions provide new and accessible opportunities to remotely support them and can contribute to reducing their burden. However, little is known about the link existing between the components, the use of behavior change techniques, and the outcomes of these Internet-based interventions. Objective This study aimed to provide an update on the best available evidence about the efficacy of Internet-based interventions for caregivers of older adults. Specifically, the components and the use of behavior change techniques and how they impact on the efficacy of the intervention were sought. Methods A systematic review searched primary source studies published between 2000 and 2015. Included studies were scored with a high level of evidence by independent raters using the GRADE criteria and reported caregiver-specific outcomes about interventions delivered through the Internet for caregivers of people aged 50 years and older. A narrative synthesis identified intervention components (eg, content, multimedia use, interactive online activities, and provision of support), behavior change techniques, and caregiver outcomes (eg, effects on stressors, mediators, and psychological health). The risk of bias within the included studies was assessed. Results A total of 2338 articles were screened and 12 studies describing 10 Internet-based interventions were identified. Seven of these interventions led to statistically significant improvements in caregiver outcomes (eg, reducing depression or anxiety, n=4). These efficacious interventions used interactive components, such as online exercises and homework (n=4) or questionnaires on health status (n=2) and five of them incorporated remote human support, either by professionals or peers. The most frequently used behavior change techniques included in efficacious interventions were provision of social support (n=6) and combinations of instructions to guide behavior change and barrier identification (n=5). The design and aim of the included studies did not permit determining exactly which component and/or behavior change technique was more efficacious in producing positive outcomes in caregivers. The risk for selection bias was low for all the studies, and low to high for performance, detection, and attrition biases. Conclusions In sum, Internet-based interventions that incorporate professional and social support, and provide instructions to change behavior and problem solve in an interactive manner appear to lead to positive outcomes in caregivers. Studies isolating the specific effect of components are needed to improve our understanding of the underlying mechanism of action.
Advances and challenges in malaria vaccine development

Malaria remains one of the most devastating infectious diseases that threaten humankind. Human malaria is caused by five different species of Plasmodium parasites, each transmitted by the bite of female Anopheles mosquitoes. Plasmodia are eukaryotic protozoans with more than 5000 genes and a complex life cycle that takes place in the mosquito vector and the human host. The life cycle can be divided into pre-erythrocytic stages, erythrocytic stages and mosquito stages. Malaria vaccine research and development faces formidable obstacles because many vaccine candidates will probably only be effective in a specific species at a specific stage. In addition, Plasmodium actively subverts and escapes immune responses, possibly foiling vaccine-induced immunity. Although early successful vaccinations with irradiated, live-attenuated malaria parasites suggested that a vaccine is possible, until recently, most efforts have focused on subunit vaccine approaches. Blood-stage vaccines remain a primary research focus, but real progress is evident in the development of a partially efficacious recombinant pre-erythrocytic subunit vaccine and a live-attenuated sporozoite vaccine. It is unlikely that partially effective vaccines will eliminate malaria; however, they might prove useful in combination with existing control strategies. Elimination of malaria will probably ultimately depend on the development of highly effective vaccines.
The sea‐level budget along the Northwest Atlantic coast: GIA, mass changes, and large‐scale ocean dynamics

Sea-level rise and decadal variability along the northwestern coast of the North Atlantic Ocean are studied in a self-consistent framework that takes into account the effects of solid-earth deformation and geoid changes due to large-scale mass redistribution processes. Observations of sea and land level changes from tide gauges and GPS are compared to the cumulative effect of GIA, present-day mass redistribution, and ocean dynamics over a 50 year period (1965–2014). GIA explains the majority of the observed sea-level and land motion trends, as well as almost all interstation variability. Present-day mass redistribution resulting from ice melt and land hydrology causes both land uplift and sea-level rise in the region. We find a strong correlation between decadal steric variability in the Subpolar Gyre and coastal sea level, which is likely caused by variability in the Labrador Sea that is propagated southward. The steric signal explains the majority of the observed decadal sea-level variability and shows an upward trend and a significant acceleration, which are also found along the coast. The sum of all contributors explains the observed trends in both sea-level rise and vertical land motion in the region, as well as the decadal variability. The sum of contributors also explains the observed acceleration within confidence intervals. The sea-level acceleration coincides with an accelerating density decrease at high latitudes.
Reduction of Structural Vibrations by Passive and Semiactively Controlled Friction Dampers

Reduction of structural vibrations is of major interest in mechanical engineering for lowering sound emission of vibrating structures, improving accuracy of machines, and increasing structure durability. Besides optimization of the mechanical design or various types of passive damping treatments, active structural vibration control concepts are efficient means to reduce unwanted vibrations. In this contribution, two different semiactive control concepts for vibration reduction are proposed that adapt to the normal force of attached friction dampers. Thereby, semiactive control concepts generally possess the advantage over active control in that the closed loop is intrinsically stable and that less energy is required for the actuation than in active control. In the chosen experimental implementation, a piezoelectric stack actuator is used to apply adjustable normal forces between a structure and an attached friction damper. Simulation and experimental results of a benchmark structure with passive and semiactively controlled friction dampers are compared for stationary narrowband excitation. For simulations of the control performance, transient simulations must be employed to predict the achieved vibration damping. It is well known that transient simulation of systems with friction and normal contact requires excessive computational power due to the nonlinear constitutive laws and the high contact stiffnesses involved. However, commercial finite-element codes do not allow simulating feedback control in a general way. As a remedy, a special simulation framework is developed which allows efficiently modeling interfaces with friction and normal contact by appropriate constitutive laws which are implemented by contact elements in a finite-element model. Furthermore, special model reduction techniques using a substructuring approach are employed for faster simulation.
Incidence and consequences offalls due to stroke: a systematic inquiry

Abstract Objective: To undertake a systematic inquiry into the incidence and consequences of falls in a cohort of elderly patients with stroke after discharge from hospital. Design: Administration of a questionnaire to patients and main carers at discharge from hospital and eight weeks and six months later. Setting: Bradford Metropolitan District. Subjects: 108 patients recruited to the Bradford community stroke trial. Patients were recruited to the trial if they were 60 years or over and resident at home with some residual disability. Main outcome measures: Number of falls, motor club assessment, Barthel index, Frenchay activities index, and Nottingham health profile. Stress in carers was indicated by the general health questionnaire. Results: Of 108 patients, 79 (73%) fell in the six months after discharge from hospital with a total of 270 falls reported. Patients who fell in hospital were significantly more likely to fall at least twice at home after discharge (x2=8.16; P=0.004). “Fallers” (two or more falls) were less socially active at six months and more had depressed mood. Carers of these patients were significantly more stressed at six months (53% v 18%; x2=8.5; P=0.003). Conclusion: Stroke is associated with a risk of falling at home and affects the lives of patients with stroke and their carers. Falling and fear of falling is an important issue which needs to be dealt with by the multidisciplinary team.
Integration of EMG and EGT Modalities for the Development of an Enhanced cursor Control System

While Eye Gaze Tracking (EGT) systems have demonstrated their potential as computer cursor control devices, their application outside the laboratory environment has been less prominent than originally expected. This may be due to limitations in the stability of the cursor controlled by EGT devices and in the potential for unintended selections ("clicks"). To address these EGT limitations, we have developed a cursor control system that integrates electromyogram-based control with EGT-based control. This integrated system allows a user to perform small cursor displacements and selection operations ("left click") by detecting distinct changes in electromyogram (EMG) signals generated during specific facial movements. Specifically, the system monitors and processes, in real time, EMG signals from four electrodes attached to the head of the subject. We compared the performance of this EMG/EGT integrated system, with the performance of a stand-alone EGT system and a hand-held mouse, in point-and-click trials. Statistical analysis of the results indicates that the EMG/EGT system is slower than the EGT system and the mouse, but it also revealed that it is significantly less error-prone than the EGT-only system. The analysis also revealed that the performance of the EMG/EGT system does not seem to be well matched to Fitts' model.