Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modelling impacts of spatially variable erosion drivers on suspended sediment dynamics

Abstract. Suspended sediment load in rivers is highly uncertain because sediment production and transport at catchment scale are strongly variable in space and time, and they are affected by catchment hydrology, topography, and land cover. Among the main sources of this variability are the spatially distributed nature of overland flow as an erosion driver and of surface erodibility given by soil type and vegetation cover distribution. Temporal variability mainly results from the time sequence of rainfall intensity during storms and snowmelt leading to soil saturation and overland flow. We present a new spatially distributed soil erosion and suspended sediment transport module integrated into the computationally efficient physically based hydrological model TOPKAPI-ETH, with which we investigate the effects of the two erosion drivers – precipitation and surface erodibility – on catchment sediment fluxes in a typical pre-Alpine mesoscale catchment. By conducting a series of numerical experiments, we quantify the impact of spatial variability in the two key erosion drivers on erosion–deposition patterns, sediment delivery ratio, and catchment sediment yields. Main findings are that the spatial variability in erosion drivers affects sediment yield by (i) increasing sediment production due to a spatially variable precipitation, while decreasing it due to a spatially variable surface erodibility, (ii) favouring the clustering of sediment source areas in space by surface runoff generation, and (iii) decreasing their connectivity to the river network by magnifying sediment buffers. The results highlight the importance of resolving spatial gradients controlling hydrology and sediment processes when modelling sediment dynamics at the mesoscale, in order to capture the key effects of sediment sources, buffers, and hillslope hydrological pathways in determining the sediment signal.
Response-guided dosing for rheumatoid arthritis

ABSTRACT Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an auto-immune disease with an unknown cause. Many patients receiving traditional methotrexate treatment continue to exhibit joint damage and are then treated with biologics. Biologic treatment is difficult owing to the uncertainty in dose-response, high cost, side effects, and intravenous administration. Recent clinical trials have therefore attempted response-guided dosing (RGD), where the hope is to adapt biologic doses over the treatment course based on each patient’s observed evolution of the 28-joint disease activity score (DAS28). We provide a stochastic dynamic programming (DP) framework to facilitate RGD. We present a concrete formulation where the DAS28 response is modeled using a stochastic Michaelis-Menten formula. The goal is to balance the DAS28 attained at the end of the course with the weighted total dose administered. We perform numerical experiments using data from the OPTION trial and observe that the optimal dosing policy gives higher doses in worse DAS28 scores. We present sensitivity analyses to provide further insights into this monotone dosing policy. This basic formulation is extended to a general stochastic DP for RGD. This is also applicable to other diseases and conditions such as hepatitis C, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and AIDS. The DP allows for an arbitrary dose-response function, and balances the disutility of doses with the disutility of the disease condition reached. We prove that, when the decision-maker is risk-averse and the dose-response is supermodular and convex, there exists an optimal policy that gives higher doses in worse disease conditions. We provide several examples where these conditions are met.
Magnetoresistive sensors with pico-Tesla sensitivities

The detection of low-intensity and low-frequency signals, envisaging an application on neural detection, requires magnetic sensors with enhanced sensitivity, low noise levels and improved field detection at low operating frequencies. Two approaches to improve the detection levels of single sensors based on tunnel magnetoresistance devices are combined: (i) use of increased sensing areas and (ii) integration of magnetic flux guides. State-of-the-art MgO based magnetic tunnel junctions with a soft pinned sensing layer were used throughout this work. The used strategy consists in the integration of magnetic flux guides in sensors with a large active area, resulting in a sensitivity of 145 %/mT and a detection level of 547 pT/Hz at 100 Hz. The obtained values are similar to the detectivity of a large array of sensors connected in series. Both strategies imply a large device footprint, being suitable when a high spatial resolution is not an application requirement.
Parameterized Algorithms in Bioinformatics: An Overview

Bioinformatics regularly poses new challenges to algorithm engineers and theoretical computer scientists. This work surveys recent developments of parameterized algorithms and complexity for important NP-hard problems in bioinformatics. We cover sequence assembly and analysis, genome comparison and completion, and haplotyping and phylogenetics. Aside from reporting the state of the art, we give challenges and open problems for each topic.
INVITED FEATURE PAPER Phase transitions in stable nanocrystalline alloys

Grain boundary segregation can reduce the driving force for grain growth in nanocrystalline materials and help retain fine grain sizes. However, grain boundary segregation is enthalpically driven, and so a stabilized nanocrystalline state should undergo a disordering process as temperature is increased. Here we develop a Monte Carlo-based simulation that determines the minimum free energy state of an alloy with a strong tendency for grain boundary segregation that considers both different grain sizes and a large solute configuration space. We find that a stable nanocrystalline alloy undergoes a disordering process where grain boundary segregated atoms dissolve into the adjacent grains and increase the grain size as a function of temperature. At a critical temperature, the single crystal state becomes the most preferred. Using this method, we are able to determine how the grain size changes as a function of temperature and produce equilibrium phase diagrams for nanocrystalline alloys.
Wizard of Oz experiment for Prototyping Multimodal Interfaces in Virtual Reality

In recent years the field of virtual reality has witnessed a rapid growth with significant investments in both hardware and software development. It has several potential applications for entertainment, education and enterprise where users benefit from being immersed into virtual worlds. VR headsets are available in several forms and price ranges from simple and inexpensive Google Cardboard to more complex products such as Oculus Rift. Nevertheless, designing fully operational virtual reality applications for researching new complex multimodal interaction possibilities (e.g. mid-air gesture, voice, haptics, etc.) may be difficult to implement, costly and time consuming. For this reason we have looked into ways of rapidly prototyping virtual reality interactions. Our approach consists of the Wizard of Oz experiment in which subjects interact with a computer system believing to be autonomous, but is in reality operated by researchers. The presented system allows non-technical designers to explore various multimodal interactions with rapid prototyping of VR environments.
Systems Intelligence as a trait: A meta-model for a systemic understanding of personality

The construct of systems intelligence (SI) by Hämäläinen and Saarinen (2004, 2007, 2008) can be seen as either an ability (Ability-SI) or a trait (Trait-SI). When studying SI as a trait, traditional psychological understanding of “personality”, “dispositions”, “traits”, and “states” might not be sufficient to grasp the dynamic and systemic character that the construct entails. Systems intelligent people exhibit intelligent action within complex and dynamic systems with feedback processes. Therefore, it is necessary to understand structures, processes, and dynamics of situations (contexts), dispositions (traits) and personality, as well as behaviour. Building up on crucial controversies in personality psychology, integrative meta-models for situations and dispositions are presented. Further, the disposition model is transduced into a systemicsynergetic model, and a systemic-synergetic conceptualisation of personality is outlined. The theorisations in this chapter serve to provide a framework for the study of Trait-SI that integrates a structural and process-focused view, and also allows for systemic-synergetic conceptualisations.
Collaborative Visualization of Web Interactions for Usability Testing

We purposed collaborative visualization of recorded web interaction. Evaluation work takes time to analyze one by one. Evaluators easily discover some problems by displaying the interaction of some users coordinately. We developed ITR-Player (Web InTeRaction-Player) for collaborative visualization. Visualized data are mouse movements and gazing points. Evaluators can discover problems from difference of eye movement and common operations by visualized data. It leads to shortening at the evaluation time because users' behavior can be collectively analyzed.
Prevention of healthcare-associated infections. Closing the quality gap: revisiting the state of the science

CRD summary This review concluded that there was moderate strength of evidence across four healthcare-associated infections that both adherence and infection rates improved when audit and feedback (with or without provider reminder systems) were added to organisational change and provider education. These conclusions seem broadly reliable but the strategies were diverse and may not always be applicable.
A POLYNOMIAL TRANSLATION OF GÖDEL’S FUNCTIONAL INTERPRETATION

I expand in this note a remark in [1] about Gödel’s consistency proof for arithmetic (the Dialectica interpretation). Gödel introduced functionals (recursive functions of higher types) over all finite types as abstract objects beyond the (concrete) natural numbers. The Dialectica interpretation has been extended by Spector, Howard and Kreisel and others in the intuitionistic spirit of bar-induction and bar-recursion of finite type. Although Gödel was animated by intuitionistic motives, his proof for Heyting arithmetic can be translated for Peano arithmetic where its constructive content can be carried over — see the standard expositions of Shoenfield [7] or Girard [4]. I propose a different approach to the consistency problem. Arithmetic here is not Peano arithmetic, but Fermat (or Fermat-Kronecker) arithmetic with Fermat’s infinite descent replacing Peano’s induction and Kronecker’s indeterminates instead of functional variables. The “general arithmetic” of polynomials (or forms, in Kronecker’s terminology) is built upon “effinite” (infinitely proceeding, in Brouwerian terminology) sequences. Finite sequences are sets and the Cauchy (convolution) product for polynomials is used as a mapping from sequences to sequences in N while the degree of a polynomial replaces the type of a formula.
DIPARTIMENTO DI ECONOMIA POLITICA VALENTINA BARBI People and Processes Around the Board Room: A contingency approach from the Italian Listed Companies

The development of codes of practice for public corporations and the formal regulation essentially imply a standard governance structure regardless of the nature of the corporate business. This seems to be consistent with the “agency cost” framework, where the board of directors is seen as a mono-dimensional device and the attention is focused thoroughly on the “monitoring behavior” whereas the cooperation processes within the board are completely neglected. This paper provides new insights into the changes in governance structure as a multiple dimension phenomenon and not only limited to the exogenous institutional environment in which companies operate. The study aims to determine some endogenous variables that have a role in distinguishing between groups of firms with different corporate directing. More precisely, it is analyzed the causal connection between some economic features of the firm and the phenomenon referring to the separation of the roles of Chairman and Ceo, considered one of the most important requirements in the corporate governance arrangements. The above phenomenon, apart from the recent policy statements, could be the outcome of the strategic behavior of the firm and of the market-firm relationship. Therefore, it’s possible to characterize a set of factors that will determine the likelihood of a dual Ceo and Chairman in the board. JEL classificationG32, G34
Research on Security Auditing Technology of Chemical Enterprises for Big Data

The emergence of the continuous progress of information technology and data technology, prompting the internal audit of our country whether in theory or concrete operation practice have great progress, at the same time the use of big data technology can also promote the development of national economy. Then, based on the reference of domestic and foreign literatures, this paper gives the framework and content of the research, introduces the research ideas and methods, innovation and deficiencies. Next, the status of the development of internal audit in the big data environment is described. In recent years, some of the advanced Internet companies and large state-owned enterprises have recognized the importance of big data technology, and actively explore the use of information technology, and has been applied to the internal audit to the large data environment under development related to the work of internal audit theory research provides a good source of information. On this basis, this paper analyzes the concept and characteristics of big data points out the difficulties faced by the development of internal audit in the big data environment. and puts forward the corresponding improvement measures. How under the environment of big data further development of internal audit. Making big data of internal audit has become the leading force of audit technology in our country. Play its role with respect to other auditing methods and incomparable. has already become the industry to discuss a new topic. I hope these suggestions and opinions can contribute to the healthy and orderly development of our country's economy.
Applied to Evaluate Multi-infeed Performance of HVDC Transmission Systems

The Brazilian transmission system covers a large area, with a high concentration of consumer centres in the Southeast region and abundant hydro generation in the North. To connect these regions, some of the transmission lines might reach 2500 km length, creating a challenging situation. In this context, system planners have been defining the use of HVDC systems as the most feasible choice of transmission investment. It is so, recognized that the connections of power plants in the Northern region to the load centres in the Southeast will require a significant number of bipoles and, until the present moment, all the operational and planned HVDC lines are based on the converter technology known as LCC (Line Commutated Converter) and consequently subject to commutation failure. Currently, the Brazilian system has four LCC bipoles, with two other bipoles under construction. Although the Southeast grid is strong, the connection of two additional bipoles is a concern as the interaction between these inverters may cause strong effects on one another, a phenomenon known as multi-infeed interaction. In such a situation, the assessment of the system operation, possible outages and possible mitigation methods are of paramount importance. This document presents a different methodology for the analysis of the multi-infeed system mentioned and focuses on its validation by analysing operation under normal conditions and with the implementation of established mitigation methods. The investigation was carried out with EMT, power flow, short-circuit and electromechanical softwares in a very large AC system composed by 100 buses on EMT and full Brazilian system on the rest. The effects of faults were analysed and the areas containing the buses where a fault leads to multiple commutation failures were identified.
Load Rebalancing using Map reducing Task for Distributed File Systems in Cloud

Cloud computing is emerging as a new paradigm of large scale distributed computing. Load balancing is one of the main Challenges in Cloud computing which is required to distribute the dynamic workload evenly across all the nodes. In the cloud storage, Load balancing is a key issue. The Map reducing task can be performed parallel over the nodes. The file chunks are not distributed uniformly as possible among the nodes. Emerging distributed systems in production system strongly depends on a central node for chunk reallocation. It would consume a lot of cost to maintain load information. Proper load balancing aids in minimizing resource consumption. This concludes that all the existing techniques mainly focus on reducing overhead, service response time and improving performance etc. various parameters are also identified, and these are used to compare the existing techniques. This paper proposed for centralized server is change in to the decentralized server using Map reducing task.
Mobile Learning to Promote World Heritage Site Preservation Awareness in Least Developed Country: Perception Analysis among Higher Education Students in Luang Prabang, Lao PDR

Introduction ICT has been seen as a catalyst towards the improvement of the welfare as well as providing development opportunities for developing countries. Evidences from the literatures have strongly support the importance of implementation of ICT in different sectors in meeting operational and strategic objectives. Luang Prabang was inscribed as the World Heritage Site in 1995. Since then, tourism has brought economic benefits for the town. However, this has initiated the fear of Luang Prabang losing its unique fusion of French and traditional Lao architecture buildings. Moreover, individual modifications of buildings could also harm the overall natural coherency of the townscape. This is an impelling issue as Luang Prabang was inscribed under the three outstanding universal values, covering the building architectures and natural landscape. As a result, UNESCO (2008) has called for an urgent need to increase local residents’ awareness on the importance of preserving original and valuable heritage. Mobile phone adoption rate in Lao PDR has witnessed remarkable increase in recent years. Prior study conducted together with the Department of World Heritage of Luang Prabang shows that there is an acceptable degree of technology readiness among the target users (Poong, Yamaguchi & Takada, 2012). Extending previous findings, this paper intends to investigate young adults’ perception on using mobile phone as a learning tool in promoting World Heritage Site preservation awareness in Luang Prabang. The objective of this paper is in line with the notion that studying users’ perception forms the fundamental requirement prior to implementation in order to understand the acceptance of new technology (Davis, 1989).
Low Power Multiplexer Tree Design Using Dynamic Input Selection Control

The increasing demand of portable devices has greatly raised the complexity of digital systems. To develop these systems, the designers must take power consumption into account. A multiplexer (MUX) is a basic component often used in modern VLSI designs. However, there are only 2-to-1 and 4-to-1 MUX cells in most standard cell libraries. An n-to-1 MUX tree must be composed of 2-to-1 and 4-to-1 MUX cells. In the STUMP processor, the power consumption of MUX trees occupies 34% of the total power. Many techniques have been proposed to reduce power consumption of MUX trees. They have been performed at the algorithmic level and also at the circuit level. But the technology at Register Transfer Level (RTL) has seldom been addressed. In this thesis, we let each MUX cell in the MUX tree have its own selection signal. With operations of the MUX tree, a controller is used to keep most of selection signals hold their previous values. Only the selection signals on the output signal propagation path have transitions. Thus power consumption of MUX trees can be reduced. For a 256-to-1 MUX tree with 128-bit width input data, the experiment results show that our proposed MUX tree design reduces about 58% power dissipation in the worst case and reduces up to 93% power dissipation in the best case.
Immunocytochemieal demonstration of growth hormone, prolactin and somatostatin-like immunoreactivities in the brain of larval, young adult and upstream migrant adult sea lamprey,

Growth hormone, prolactin and somatostatinlike immunoreactivities were demonstrated in the brains of larval, young adult (parasitic) and upstream migrant adult sea lampreys, Petromyzon marinus, by means of immunoperoxidase techniques. Growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) were observed within separate perikarya in the nucleus praeopticus, within fibers in the commissura praeinfundibularis, and in nerve endings within the neurohypophysis of larval and adult-stage lampreys. Cell bodies demonstrating immunoreactive growth hormone were more numerous than those reactive for prolactin. Unlike in the upstream migrant adult lamprey, no GH or PRL was demonstrated in the adenohypophysis of larval or parasitic lamprey. Somatostatin (SRIF)-like immunoreactive neurons were demonstrated in the nucleus commissurae praeinfundibularis, anterior and posterior pars ventralis hypothalami, pars dorsalis thalami, and the tegmentum motorium rhombencephali of larval, parasitic and upstream migrant adult lampreys. Many of the SRIF containing neurons within the hypothalamus were cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting cells. SRIF fibers were found throughout most of the brain predominating within the nucleus praeopticus, pars ventralis hypothalami, and the nucleus interpeduncularis. No SRIF immunoreactivity was found within the neurophyophysis. The possible functions of these peptides within the brain of the lamprey are discussed.
Physicochemical properties and atmospheric ageing of soot Investigated through aerosol mass spectrometry

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Gestural representation in the domain of animates’ physical appearance

The paper presents a pilot study on gestural representation of entities referring to animates’ physical appearance. We identify representational format and form features of gestures referring to entities in this semantic domain, and patterns in their temporal overlap with speech. We furthermore integrate the results with our previous findings from the domain of eventualities.
Strategia śledzenia trajektorii z unikaniem

Artykuł przedstawia koncepcję sterowania kinematyką robota mobilnego klasy (2,0) dla zadania śledzenia trajektorii z funkcją unikania kolizji z wypukłymi przeszkodami statycznymi. Proponowane sterowanie wynika z modyfikacji oryginalnej metody VFO, która polega na rozszerzeniu definicji tzw. pola zbieżności o ortogonalny składnik zwany wektorem oddziaływania przeszkód. Wprowadzona modyfikacja pola zbieżności pozwala na zachowanie oryginalnej postaci reguły sterowania VFO. Metoda dopuszcza przechodzenie trajektorii referencyjnej przez obszary przeszkód a także nakładanie się obszarów oddziaływania przeszkód sąsiadujących. Efektywność metody zilustrowano wynikami eksperymentów.