Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Proteolytic Response to Oxidative Stress in Mammalian Cells

Abstract Oxidative stress in mammalian cells is an inevitable consequence of their aerobic metabolism. The production of reactive oxygen and nitric oxide species causes oxidative modifications of proteins often combined with a loss of their biological function. Like most partially denatured proteins, moderately oxidized proteins are more sensitive to proteolytic attack by proteases. The diverse cellular proteolytic systems are an important secondary defense against oxidative stress by degrading oxidized and damaged proteins, thereby preventing their intracellular accumulation. In mammalian cells, a range of proteases exists which are distributed throughout the cell. In this review we summarize the function of the cytosolic (proteasome and calpains), the lysosomal, the mitochondrial and the nuclear proteolytic pathways in response to oxidative stress. Particular emphasis is given to the proteasomal system, since this pathway appears to be the most important proteolytic system involved in the removal of oxidatively modified or damaged proteins.
cis-Acting Effects on RNA Processing and Drosha Cleavage Prevent Epstein-Barr Virus Latency III BHRF1 Expression

ABSTRACT In Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latency III (LTIII) infection, BHRF1 encodes three microRNAs (miRNAs). Herein we report that Drosha cleavage of LTIII BHRF1 RNA and cis-acting splicing effects inhibit splicing and inhibit BHRF1 RNA and protein expression. Evidence shown here supports the view that Drosha cleavage to generate mature miRNAs and cis-acting sequences that prevent mRNA maturation are independent processes that prevent LTIII BHRF1 expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines.
ICT Resilience as Dynamic Process and Cumulative Aptitude

Many definitions of resilience coexist today, whether within the domain of telecommunications or in the vaster world. Is it a process? Is it a production? Is it a learnt aptitude? This debate has been going on in social sciences for decades and ICT revives it in its own ways today. This chapter proposes a definition of resilience founded on three findings: (1) resilience is the aptitude of a sociotechnical system to surmount a crisis; (2) whether in the telecommunication sector or elsewhere, a crisis is an experience of collapse that stems from critical incidents; (3) critical incidents are a complex dynamic phenomenon, and resilience is its counterpart, a dynamic, adaptive attempt to master circumstances, a form of dynamic struggle against adversity. To support this thesis, first the chapter reviews some of the main elements of literature on hand, browsing through different currents of research, including computing science and social sciences. Next, the chapter presents a short analysis of some significant incidents to show their dynamic nature and how systems they affect collapse and react, possibly resiliently. Third, it suggests an articulated definition of resilience, very applicable to ICT and largely discussed with scientists and professionals in the past three years. The chapter concludes that this definition acts as a paradigm that opens new questions for research, standardisation, and change management projects.
Cato Institute Policy Analysis No . 101 : SEC ' s Insider Trading Proposal : Good Politics , Bad Policy

Although the ethical and economic aspects of insider trading regulation have been discussed at length, only recently have commentators begun to examine the political aspects of this practice. [1] The virtual total neglect of the political side of the story is particularly curious in light of the fact that regulation of insiders' trading practices has become a highly politicized issue and has prompted numerous hearings[2] and bills[3] in Congress.
CADMIUM TOXICITY: THE INVESTIGATION OF CD TOXIC LEVEL IN DIFFERENT ORGANS OF CHERRY TOMATO PLANT AND THE EFFECT OF CD ACCUMULATION

This research was done in hydroponic environment in greenhouse at 3 stages (vegetative, flowering and full product) in 5 concentrations of Cd (0.1, 0.3, 0.9, 2.7, and 10 mm) for investigating physiological and biological effects. This study revealed that the increase of Cd concentration in understudy treatments causes the 49% reduction of sugar solution in 10 mm treatment. On the other hand, the gradual increase of Cd in cultivation caused the increase of starch, reduction of photosynthesis and blockage of carbon cycle enzymes. Furthermore, in heavy metal stress conditions of vegetative stage, Cd has negative effects on the protein amount of total treatments in p=0.01 signified level. When treatment starts, the amount of protein reduced until 33% in 0.1 mm concentration and this reduction can be seen also in other treatments. In contrast, in flowering stage the amount of protein is increased compared to the control. The study of different heavy metal concentration effects showed that plants are more sensitive to Cd (2-20 times more than others). The Generalized Linear Model variance test of aerial and underground plant organs traced the high level of Cd concentration in root in10 mm concentration. This increasing process in p=0.001 level also was seen in root, leaf, and fruit. The accumulation of Cd expressed high speed of Cd transport from the soil to upper organs of tomato, and this process reduced the amount of solvable sugar and protein.
Safeguarding older adults from inappropriate over-the-counter medications: the role of community pharmacists.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY To elicit the thought process or mental model that community pharmacists use when making recommendations on over-the-counter (OTC) medications to older adults and to elicit the current practices of community pharmacists in providing information, advice, and counseling to older adults about potentially inappropriate OTC medications. DESIGN AND METHODS Three separate focus groups with pharmacists were conducted with 5 to 8 pharmacists per group. A vignette about an elderly woman seeking an OTC sleep aid was used to elicit information that pharmacists seek to establish when making a recommendation. Focus groups were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed for themes using the initial and focused coding methods of grounded theory. RESULTS Community pharmacists' mental models were characterized by 2 similarities: a similarity in what community pharmacists seek to establish about patients and a similarity in when community pharmacists seek to establish it--the sequence in which they try to learn key details about patients. It was identified that pharmacists gather specific information about the patient's medication profile, health conditions, characteristics of the problem, and past treatments in order to make a recommendation. Community pharmacists recommended behavioral modifications and seeing their physician prior to recommending an OTC sleep aid, primarily due to medication safety concerns. IMPLICATIONS Pharmacists can play a key role in assisting older adults to select and use OTC medications.
Transcellular Transport of Organic Anions Across a Double-transfected Madin-Darby Canine Kidney II Cell Monolayer Expressing Both Human Organic Anion-transporting Polypeptide (OATP2/SLC21A6) and Multidrug Resistance-associated Protein 2 (MRP2/ABCC2)*

Human organic anion transporting polypeptide 2 (OATP2/SLC21A6) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2/ABCC2) play important roles in the vectorial transport of organic anions across hepatocytes. In the present study, we have established a double-transfected Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK II) cell monolayer, which expresses both OATP2 and MRP2 on basal and apical membranes, respectively. The basal-to-apical transport of 17β estradiol 17β-d-glucuronide (E217βG), pravastatin, and leukotriene C4 (LTC4), which are substrates of OATP2 and MRP2, was significantly higher than that in the opposite direction in the double-transfected cells. Such vectorial transport was also observed for taurolithocholate sulfate, which is transported by rat oatp1 and Mrp2. The K m values of E217βG and pravastatin for the basal-to-apical flux were 27.9 and 24.3 μm, respectively, which were comparable with those reported for OATP2. Moreover, the MRP2-mediated export of E217βG across the apical membrane was not saturated. In contrast, basal-to-apical transport of estrone-3-sulfate and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, which are significantly transported by OATP2, but not by MRP2, was not stimulated by MRP2 expression. The double-transfected MDCK II monolayer expressing both OATP2 and MRP2 may be used to analyze the hepatic vectorial transport of organic anions and to screen the transport profiles of new drug candidates.
Intraday Reliability and Sensitivity of Four Functional Ability Tests in Older Women

ABSTRACT Functional tests are commonly used to evaluate the functional ability of older individuals; however, intraday reliability and sensitivity are required to enable informed decisions on whether repeated trials are necessary and to ensure that the values obtained from a single session are a patient’s true score. This study aimed to investigate the intraday reliability and sensitivity of four commonly used functional tests in older individuals. Seventy-one healthy older women (mean [SD]: age, 71.7 [7.3] yrs; body mass, 64.8 [10.2] kg; stature, 1.58 [0.07] m) performed the 6-m maximum walking speed, timed 8-foot up-and-go, chair sit-and-reach, and back scratch tests three times in one single session, with 1 min between trials. Reliability between all trials was examined using intraclass correlation coefficient, and sensitivity was examined using typical error. All tests were highly reliable (intraclass correlation coefficient range, 0.89–0.99), indicating no need for a familiarization trial. Typical error between trials 2 and 1 were 0.06 m·s−1, 0.42 s, 1.13 cm, 0.92 cm for the 6-m maximum walking speed, timed 8-foot up-and-go, chair sit-and-reach, and back scratch tests, respectively. Practitioners should perform two trials to examine whether the difference between them is less than the typical error reported here. These results should help practitioners ensure that scores obtained from an individual from these functional tests are a true reflection of their functional ability rather than measurement error.
Improved DPA attack on rotating S-boxes masking scheme

Power Analysis (PA) is a powerful method to extract leakage information from theoretically secure cryptographic devices. In general, Differential Power Analysis (DPA) correlates the processed data with power consumption of devices through statistical analysis to reveal systems' secret key. A common approach to counteract DPA is a low-entropy lightweight masking strategy. This masking scheme, known as Rotating S-Boxes Masking (RSM), has inherent flaws in masks' hamming weights for software implementation. In this paper, an improved DPA (IDPA) for the RSM countermeasure is proposed in terms of smaller computational complexity and better success rate of recovering the secret key. Using the public power traces provided by the latest DPA Contest, we come to the conclusion that the IDPA method takes as low as 20 traces to retrieve the first 128-bits secret key when analyzing the first-order leakage information. Furthermore, our approach reduces significantly the number of traces, but still gets better attack effects compared with other DPA methods.
Econometric Analysis of Large Factor Models

Large factor models use a few latent factors to characterize the co-movement of economic variables in a high-dimensional data set. High dimensionality brings challenges as well as new insights into the advancement of econometric theory. Because of their ability to effectively summarize information in large data sets, factor models have been increasingly used in economics and finance. The factors, estimated from the high-dimensional data, can, for example, help improve forecasting, provide efficient instruments, control for nonlinear unobserved heterogeneity, and capture cross-sectional dependence. This article reviews the theory on estimation and statistical inference of large factor models. It also discusses important applications and highlights future directions.
Image processing for restoration of old film sequences

The old film restoration involves the development of image processing technology. We focus on the correction of film misalignment and the removal of blotches. In the restoration, the film is first read with a scanner, but the scanned sequence often suffers from irregular spatial vibration due to inaccurate frame alignment. This artifact is perceived as a flicker. Reduction of this flicker needs accurate knowledge of relative locations of scanned frames. Global interframe deformation contains such information. However, interframe deformation is also caused by camera work. Hence, we develop a robust correction method for estimating interframe misalignment separate from camera work and compensating for it. After the correction of interframe misalignment and the separation of camera work, the blotch removal can be performed by a filtering method. We present a spatiotemporal nonlinear restoration filter whose response is controlled according to the local anisotropic brightness continuity of a corrupted sequence.
Ultra-wideband precision asset location system

A prototype ultra-wideband (UWB) precision asset location (PAL) system was developed and tested aboard the SS Curtiss in Port Hueneme, California. The PAL system was developed to assess the capability of UWB geolocation to operate in severe multipath shipboard environments. The PAL system was based on an earlier UWB relative-time-of-arrival (RTOA) transceiver location system and was extended to a differential-time-of-arrival (DTOA) beacon architecture required for longer tag battery life. Testing was performed in open cargo spaces (worst-case multipath) and partially loaded cargo spaces (blockage). A reference laser surveying system was installed for comparison and accuracy tests were conducted over a cargo space. The PAL system performed to the estimated accuracy of a few feet in open cargo holds. UWB appeared to penetrate large cracks between containers, maintaining localization capability during blockage tests. This paper describes the UWB PAL system and the shipboard testing.
Changing Trends in the Baby Boomer Travel Market: Importance of Memorable Experiences

Abstract Globally, the number of baby boomers who are age 60 years and over are expected to more than double, from 841 million people in 2013 to more than 2 billion in 2050. In recent years, boomers have demonstrated that they are willing participants in new and memorable experiences where they can learn and broaden their minds through travel to new locations and to learn more about different cultures through a variety of first-hand experiences. As a result, the numbers of baby boomer travelers over 60 years of age have grown substantially from 593 million international travelers in 1999, which has been forecast to exceed 2 billion trips per annum by 2050. The hotel and resort industry needs to respond to their changing needs, and allow guests to achieve memorable experiences in exotic and different destinations as well as through the provision of hotel design that is inextricably linked to the place they are visiting. This article outlines the changing sociodemographic trends of baby boomers, examines their need for different hotel and resort experiences in an expanding market place, and concludes with a discussion of key marketing considerations.
Burden of Stroke in Egypt: Current Status and Opportunities

Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries have a diversity of populations with similar life style, dietary habits, and vascular risk factors that may influence stroke risk, prevalence, types, and disease burden. Egypt is the most populated nation in the Middle East with an estimated 85.5 million people. In Egypt, according to recent estimates, the overall prevalence rate of stroke is high with a crude prevalence rate of 963/100 000 inhabitants. In spite of disease burden, yet there is a huge evidence practice gap. The recommended treatments for ischemic stroke that are guideline include systematic supportive care in a stroke unit or stroke center is still deficient. In addition, the frequency of thrombolysis in Egypt is very low for many reasons; the major one is that the health insurance system is not covering thrombolysis therapy in nonprivate sectors so patients must cover the costs using their own personal savings; otherwise, they will not receive treatment. Another important factor is the pronounced delay in prehospital and in hospital management of acute stroke. Improvement of stroke care in Egypt should be achieved through multi and interdisciplinary approach including public awareness, physicians' education, and synergistic approach to stroke care with Emergency Medical System.
Consumer Behaviour on Consumer Durables with Reference to Bijapur District

Consumers are the nerve centre of the modern marketing, understanding this behaviour is quite essential for efficient and effective marketing management. Customers may state their needs, wants but act otherwise. They may not be in touch with their deeper motivations. India’s consumer market is riding the crest of the country’s economic boom. Driven by a young population with access to disposable incomes and easy finance options, the consumer market has been throwing up staggering figures. Marketing problem enhancing from the consumers’ behaviour has a greater degree of similarity behavioural problems relating to the consumer durables. Hence, the present study has been chosen to identify and ascertain the extent of problems of consumer behaviour have an impact on the marketing of consumer durables in the fast growing Bijapur District (Karnataka State). The consumer behaviour in relating to consumer durables is strongly affected by some economic, social, cultural and psychological factors; the present research has been selected for an intensive empirical survey of the various factors influencing the buyer’s behaviour on consumer durables in Bijapur District (Karnataka State).
The Co-Evolution of Pro-Market Reforms and Emerging Market Multinationals

Abstract I study the relationship between pro-market reforms and the expansion of emerging market multinational companies (EMNCs). Extending institutional economics, I propose a co-evolutionary process, whereby pro-market reforms in emerging markets induce the transformation of domestic firms into EMNCs, and the global expansion of EMNCs in turn facilitates the deepening of pro-market reforms in the home country. Specifically, I first explain how pro-market reforms lead to the emergence of EMNCs via international competitiveness, upgrading needs, and escape; I then explain how the global expansion of EMNCs leads to a deepening of pro-market reforms at home via learning, spillovers, and lobbying. I complement these explanations with a discussion of contingencies at the firm (private vs. state, domestic vs. foreign firms), industry (global vs. local industries), and country (developing vs. transition countries) levels.
On Correlated Failures in Survivable Storage Systems (CMU-CS-02-129)

The design of survivable storage systems involves inherent trade-offs among properties such as performance, security, and availability. A toolbox of simple and accurate models of these properties allows a designer to make informed decisions. This report focuses on availability modeling. We describe two ways of extending the classic model of availability with a single “correlation parameter” to accommodate correlated failures. We evaluate the efficacy of the models by comparing their results with real measurements. We also show the use of the models as design decision tools: we analyze the effects of availability and correlation on the ordering of data distribution schemes and we investigate the placement of related files. Acknowledgements: This work is partially funded by DARPA/ITO’s Organically Assured and Survivable Information Systems (OASIS) Program (Air Force contract number F30602-99-2-0539-AFRL). We thank the members and companies of the PDL Consortium (including EMC, HP, Hitachi, IBM, Intel, Network Appliance, Panasas, Seagate, Sun and Veritas) for their interest, insights and support. We also thank Microsoft Corporation for sharing their availability measurements of the desktops in their campus.
The Peptide Near the C Terminus Regulates Receptor CAR Nuclear Translocation Induced by Xenochemicals in Mouse Liver

ABSTRACT In response to phenobarbital (PB) and other PB-type inducers, the nuclear receptor CAR translocates to the mouse liver nucleus (T. Kawamoto et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 19:6318–6322, 1999). To define the translocation mechanism, fluorescent protein-tagged human CAR (hCAR) was expressed in the mouse livers using the in situ DNA injection and gene delivery systems. As in the wild-type hCAR, the truncated receptor lacking the C-terminal 10 residues (i.e., AF2 domain) translocated to the nucleus, indicating that the PB-inducible translocation is AF2 independent. Deletion of the 30 C-terminal residues abolished the receptor translocation, and subsequent site-directed mutagenesis delineated the PB-inducible translocation activity of the receptor to the peptide L313GLL316AEL319. Ala mutations of Leu313, Leu316, or Leu319 abrogated the translocation of CAR in the livers, while those of Leu312 or Leu315 did not affect the nuclear translocation. The leucine-rich peptide dictates the nuclear translocation of hCAR in response to various PB-type inducers and appears to be conserved in the mouse and rat receptors.
SONIFICATION OF COLOR IMAGES ON MOBILE DEVICES FOR BLIND PERSONS-PRELIMINARY CONCEPTS AND FIRST TESTS

The paper presents a proposed sonification algorithm for presenting images on mobile devices for blind children using an interactive auditory display. The sonification uses HSV color images and the software is being written for Android devices with touchscreens. A brief discussion of the basic methods of sonication used in the presentation of images and the history of interactive sonification is presented in the review section. The authors proposed several methods for interactive sonification in which the user indicates with touch the area of the image to sonify and depending on the image content and image processing filters a real-time additive synthesis of several sound buffers is prepared. The method presented in the paper sonifies just one pixel directly under the finger, using its HSV values as input to an additive synthesis transform. The focus was to create a sonfication algorithm that was realtime and not computationally complex, while allowing to clearly distinguish not only brightness, but also the saturation and hue components determining color.