Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9) modulates tumor-associated cell migration and invasion

Expression of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9) was shown to be strongly involved in high incidences of metastasis and poor prognosis in various human tumors. In this study, we investigated the possible role for CA9 in tumor metastases in vitro, using a gene transfection tool in the human cervical carcinoma cell line C33A. Gene expression profiling of CA9-transfected cells (C33A/CA9) and vector-transfected cells (C33A/Mock) was investigated by DNA microarray. The biological functions of differentially expressed genes between the C33A/CA9 and C33A/Mock cells included cell growth, regulation of cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix adhesion and cytoskeletal organization. Immunofluorescent stain and Matrigel culture showed cytoskeletal remodeling, disassembled focal adhesion, weakened cell-cell adhesion and increased motility in C33A/CA9 cells. These invasive and metastatic phenotypes were associated with Rho-GTPase-related epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Inhibition of the Rho/Rho kinase pathway by a ROCK inhibitor (Y27632) and si-Rho (short interference RNA against RhoA) showed that Rho-GTPase signaling was involved in cellular morphologic and migratory changes. The effect of CA9 on Rho-GTPase signaling was also confirmed by silencing CA9 expression. Our results suggest that CA9 overexpression induces weakening of cell adhesions and augmented cell motility by aberrant Rho-GTPase signal transduction. Our study shows an underlying mechanism of CA9-related enhanced metastatic potential of tumor cells.
Integrating English and Social Studies through the Lens of Tokugawa Japan: An 8 Week Curriculum for Sixth Grade

Mollie Sandberg Integrating English and Social Studies through the Lens of Tokugawa Japan: An 8 Week Curriculum for Sixth Grade The following curriculum is intended for sixth grade students in a general education, integrated English and social studies classroom. This curriculum is based on the foundational ideas of child-development, concept-based, constructivist learning, and the integration of the language arts and social studies curricula as a way to deepen students’ engagement with the curricular material. Through these central pillars the curriculum immerses students in a historical era while allowing them to develop their own understanding of the past and create connections to the world in which they live. The aim of this curriculum is for students to explore the world of Tokugawa Japan while developing the skills and thought processes to engage with contemporary ideas and challenges. In order to meet these aims, the students will read historical fiction novels set in this historical era, visit museums with relevant works of art, and delve into their own independent research projects. This curriculum examines the rationale for a developmental and concept-based unit, presents its learning objectives and finally provides lesson outlines and relevant resources to implement the study.
Firearm-related injuries and deaths among children and adolescents in Cape Town--1992-1996.

OBJECTIVE To determine the epidemiological profile of firearm-related injuries among children and adolescents in Cape Town during recent years in order to further understand the epidemic of firearm violence as a public health problem in South Africa. DESIGN A retrospective study was conducted of hospital, medico-legal laboratory (mortuary) and police data. SETTING Metropolitan Cape Town, 1 January 1992-31 December 1996. STUDY POPULATION All children and adolescents (under 19 years of age) with firearm injuries living in the Cape Town metropole during the study period. RESULTS During the study period at least 1,736 children and adolescents were victims of firearm-related incidents; of these, 322 died (19%). The incidence of firearm injuries among this group almost tripled from 20.2/100,000 in 1992 to 58.1/100,000 in 1996. The firearm mortality rate also almost tripled during the period under review from 3.8/100,000 in 1992 to 10.3/100,000 in 1996. Approximately 60% of victims were coloured males, with 86% between 13 and 18 years of age. Twenty-one per cent of all victims aged over 12 years who died were intoxicated. Other characteristics of the victims and the circumstances surrounding the incidents are presented. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate the escalating epidemic of firearm-related injuries and deaths among children and adolescents in Cape Town. In addition, the study indicates the need for an integrated injury and death reporting system. Further research is needed to understand firearm-related injuries among children and adolescents in South Africa, and to develop policies and programmes for prevention that are effective in this setting.
Are Low Real Interest Rates Here to Stay

Long-term real interest rates across the world are low, having fallen by about 450 basis points (bps) over the past thirty years. To understand whether low real rates are here to stay, we need to understand what has caused the decline. The co-movement in rates across both advanced and emerging economies suggests a common driver: the global neutral real rate may have fallen. In this paper we attempt to identify which secular trends could have driven such a fall. Although there is huge uncertainty, under plausible assumptions we think we can account for around 400 bps of the 450 bps fall. Our quantitative analysis highlights slowing global growth expectations as one force that may have pushed down on real rates recently, but shifts in saving and investment preferences appear more important in explaining the long-term decline. We think the global saving schedule has shifted out in recent decades due to demographic forces, higher inequality, and, to a lesser extent, the glut of precautionary saving by emerging markets. Meanwhile, desired levels of investment have fallen as a result of the falling relative price of capital, lower public investment, and an increase in the spread between risk-free and actual interest rates. Looking ahead, in the absence of sustained changes in policy, most of these forces look set to persist, and some may even build further. This suggests that the global neutral rate may remain low and perhaps settle at around 1 percent in the medium to long run. If true, this will have widespread implications for policymakers—not least in how to manage the business cycle if monetary policy is frequently constrained by the zero lower bound.
Role of Guideline Adherence in Improving Field Triage

Abstract Objective: To compare the sensitivity of current field triage practices for identifying high-risk trauma patients to strict guideline adherence, including changes in triage specificity, ambulance transport patterns, and trauma center volumes. Methods: This was a pre-planned secondary analysis of an out-of-hospital prospective cohort of injured children and adults transported by 44 EMS agencies to 28 trauma and non-trauma hospitals in 7 Northwest U.S. counties from January 1, 2011 through December 31, 2011. Outcomes included Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥16 (primary) and early critical resource use. Strict adherence of the triage guidelines was based on evidence in the EMS chart for patients meeting any current field triage criteria, calculated with and without strict interpretation of the age criterion (<15 or >55 years). Due to the probability sampling nature of the cohort, strata and weights were included in all analyses. Results: 17,633 injured patients were transported by EMS (weighted to represent 53,487 transported patients), including 3.1% with ISS ≥16 and 1.7% requiring early critical resources. Field triage sensitivity for identifying patients with ISS ≥16 increased from the current 66.2% (95% CI 60.2–71.7%) to 87.3% (95% CI 81.9–91.2%) for strict adherence without age and to 91.0% (95% CI 86.4–94.2%) for strict adherence with age. Specificity decreased with increasing adherence, from 87.8% (current) to 47.6% (strict adherence without age) and 35.8% (strict adherence with age). Areas under the curve (AUC) were 0.78, 0.73, and 0.72, respectively. Results were similar for patients requiring early critical resources. We estimate the number of triage-positive patients transported each year by EMS to an individual major trauma center (on average) to increase from 1,331 (current) to 5,139 (strict adherence without age) and to 6,256 (strict adherence with age). Conclusions: The low sensitivity of current triage practices would be expected to improve with strict adherence to current triage guidelines, with a commensurate decrease in triage specificity and an increase in the number of triage-positive patients transported to major trauma centers.
Further Evidence for the Mandatory Nature of Polysaccharide Debranching for the Aggregation of Semicrystalline Starch and for Overlapping Functions of Debranching Enzymes in Arabidopsis Leaves1[W]

Four isoforms of debranching enzymes are found in the genome of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana): three isoamylases (ISA1, ISA2, and ISA3) and a pullulanase (PU1). Each isoform has a specific function in the starch pathway: synthesis and/or degradation. In this work we have determined the levels of functional redundancy existing between these isoforms by producing and analyzing different combinations of mutations: isa3-1 pu1-1, isa1-1 isa3-1, and isa1-1 isa3-1 pu1-1. While the starch content strongly increased in the isa3-1 pu1-1 double mutant, the latter decreased by over 98% in the isa1-1 isa3-1 genotype and almost vanished in triple mutant combination. In addition, whereas the isa3-1 pu1-1 double mutant synthesizes starch very similar to that of the wild type, the structure of the residual starch present either in isa1-1 isa3-1 or in isa1-1 isa3-1 pu1-1 combination is deeply affected. In the same way, water-soluble polysaccharides that accumulate in the isa1-1 isa3-1 and isa1-1 isa3-1 pu1-1 genotypes display strongly modified structure compared to those found in isa1-1. Taken together, these results show that in addition to its established function in polysaccharide degradation, the activity of ISA3 is partially redundant to that of ISA1 for starch synthesis. Our results also reveal the dual function of pullulanase since it is partially redundant to ISA3 for degradation and to ISA1 for synthesis. Finally, x-ray diffraction analyses suggest that the crystallinity and the presence of the 9- to 10-nm repetition pattern in starch precisely depend on the level of debranching enzyme activity.
Property rights, the Coase Theorem and informality

Austrian economists have been ambivalent on the foundational contributions of Ronald Coase to modern law and economics. One side supported a Lockean natural rights view based on the property over oneâ€™s own body as a determinant of rights and considerations of justice. The other side supported a Coasean efficiency view, with a Hayekian evolutionary perspective. Our conclusion will be that both are found in informal slums, but informal solutions of disputes among neighbors generally follow a â€œrightsâ€ approach and do not intentionally look for efficiency.
Including walnuts in a low-fat/modified-fat diet improves HDL cholesterol-to-total cholesterol ratios in patients with type 2 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a moderate-fat diet inclusive of walnuts on blood lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This was a parallel randomized controlled trial comparing three dietary advice groups each with 30% energy as fat: low fat, modified low fat, and modified low fat inclusive of 30 g of walnuts per day. Fifty-eight men and women, mean age 59.3 +/- 8.1 years, started the trial. Dietary advice was given at baseline with monthly follow-up and fortnightly phone calls for support. Body weight, percent body fat, blood lipids, HbA1c, total antioxidant capacity, and erythrocyte fatty acid levels were measured at 0, 3, and 6 months. Data were assessed by repeated-measures ANOVA with an intention-to-treat model. RESULTS The walnut group achieved a significantly greater increase in HDL cholesterol-to-total cholesterol ratio (P=0.049) and HDL (P=0.046) than the two other treatment groups. A 10% reduction in LDL cholesterol was also achieved in the walnut group, reflecting a significant effect by group (P=0.032) and time (P=0.036). There were no significant differences between groups for changes in body weight, percent body fat, total antioxidant capacity, or HbA1c levels. The higher dietary polyunsaturated fat-to-saturated fat ratio and intakes of omega-3 fatty acids in the walnut group were confirmed by erythrocyte biomarkers of dietary intake. CONCLUSIONS Structured "whole of diet" advice that included 30 g of walnuts/day delivering substantial amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acid improved the lipid profile of patients with type 2 diabetes.
On-body measurements of embroidered spiral antenna

This paper presents a compact and flexible embroidered spiral antenna that can be used for wearable applications. The antenna is embroidered by using a state of the art digital embroidery machine with multi-strand conducting thread Liberator™. The antenna has been measured on a Specific Anthropomorphic Mannequin (SAM) phantom and a real human. The measurement results show that the SAM phantom emulates the dielectric properties of the human body in a wide frequency band from 0.3 to 3 GHz. The far-field on-body performance of the antenna has been measured by placing the antenna on the SAM phantom in a tapered Anechoic Chamber. Near-field to far-field transformations have been used to produce the far-field performance including radiation pattern, directivity, rrealised gain and radiation efficiency.
IARC monographs program on carcinogenicity of combined hormonal contraceptives and menopausal therapy

The World Health Organization International Agency for Research and Cancer (IARC), in June 2005, has classified combination hormone contraception and menopausal therapy as carcinogenic in humans. The IARC's distinction is to identify potential carcinogens associated with nutrition, environment and pharmaceutical products. They do not produce risk–benefit analyses for any country or population. Their conclusions are highly controversial in that no proof is presented for a causal relation of estrogens with reproductive cancer, be it plausibility according to mechanisms of action or experimental evidence in the animal model. Equating natural compounds like estradiol with defined carcinogens like asbestos, tobacco smoke as well as indispensable drugs such as aspirin and tamoxifen is of no substantial clinical relevance. Thus, there are no new reasons to change current management principles with combination hormone contraception and therapy.
Technological achievements in entrepreneurial firms – legacy, value chain experience, and division of innovation labour

ABSTRACT This paper examines whether founders’ origin is systematically associated with the technological orientation of their new established organisation. Using an exploratory design, we empirically investigate how the technological achievements of organisations are associated with the founder’s prior experience identifying where in the industry’s value chain the founder worked previously. Using a unique dataset of Swedish and Danish biotechnology start-up firms, we explore the relationship between the founders’ prior position in the value chain and the technological achievements of their start-up. Firms established by founders from academia tend to perform well in early stages of technology development, while firms established by founders from further up the value chain tend to exhibit technological achievements in the later stages of development. Building on these results, we discuss possible mechanisms that may trigger these empirical regularities and propose that these mechanisms cause a division of innovation labour among biotechnology start-ups.
Effects of intraperitoneal 4% icodextrin solution on the healing of bowel anastomoses and laparotomy incisions in rabbits

Objective Peri‐operative lavage and postoperative instillation of a 4% icodextrin solution reduces de novo formation and reformation of peritoneal adhesions following abdominal surgery. This experimental study evaluated the effects of 4% icodextrin treatment on the healing of bowel anastomoses and laparotomy incisions.
Connecting Corporate and Consumer Social Responsibility Through Social Media Activism

To highlight aspects of activism obscured by a focus on legitimacy and ideology, this article argues that shifting focus from legitimacy and ideology to identity, problem-solving and dialogue is needed to understand emerging forms of social media native activism that connects consumer social responsibility (CnSR) and corporate social responsibility (CSR). Taking this view as a basis for social activism offers a valuable perspective for understanding some emergent forms of social media activism toward business. Two cases of social media native activist organizations working to create movements are examined from this problem-solving and dialogue-based perspective—Carrotmob and the GoodGuide. These cases represent examples of a post-dialectic frame for understanding how social media can affect approaches to activism.
Astrocytes and Microglia Respond to Estrogen with Increased apoE mRNAin Vivoandin Vitro


This study examined the regulation of apolipoprotein E (apoE) by 17beta-estradiol (E2) in brain glia, using rats with regular ovulatory cycles as an in vivo model and cultured astrocytes and mixed glia as in vitro models. Two brain regions were examined which had demonstrated transient synaptic remodeling during the estrous cycle. In the hippocampal CA1 region and the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, apoE mRNA was elevated at proestrus when plasma E2 was high and synaptic density was increasing. Both astrocytes and microglia contributed to this increase in apoE mRNA. In vitro, E2 treatment had no effect on apoE mRNA levels in monotypic cultures of either astrocytes or microglia. In contrast, mixed glial cultures responded to E2 with increased apoE mRNA and protein, suggesting that heterotypic cellular interactions are important in the brain response to estrogens. In situ hybridization in combination with cell-specific markers showed that E2 increased apoE mRNA levels in both astrocytes and microglia. These results, which are the first evidence of apoE mRNA localization to microglia in vivo and the control of apoE expression in brain cells by estrogens, are discussed in terms of the possible protective role of E2 in Alzheimer's disease and prior findings that emphasize the expression of apoE mRNA in astrocytes within the brain.
Dualband meander monopole antenna

Due to their simple structure and omnidirectional radiation, monopole antennas have been found widespread applications in mobile communication systems. To achieve dual-band operation in a compact monopole antenna design, we propose a novel design of monopole antenna by extending a conductor line from the end of a rectangular meander monopole. The proposed antenna is fed by a CPW line and is printed in a single metal layer. Therefore, this antenna can be manufactured in a simple procedure. Moreover, due to the presence of an extended conductor line in the proposed design, the antenna is not only capable of providing the GSM/DCS dual-frequency operations, but also can have an antenna-size reduction at a given dual-frequency operation.
Participation of dynamin in the biogenesis of cytoplasmic vesicles

Dynamin is a 100‐kDa GTPase that has been implicated in endocytosis. To extend our understanding of its cellular functions, we have microinjected specific affinity‐purified anti‐dynamin antibodies into cultured mammalian epithelial cells. Using this approach, dynamin function can be inhibited specifically and rapidly in single cells. Effects of microinjected inhibitory antibodies on distinct endocytic processes and plasmalemmal morphology were then assayed by fluorescence microscopy (FM) and ultrastructural analysis. Microinjected antibodies inhibit the clathrin‐mediated endocytosis of fluorophore‐labeled transferrin and cause a marked invagination of the plasma membrane. Many of these long plasmalemmal invaginations had clathrin‐coated pits along their cytoplasmic surface. A number of distinct noncoated pits resembling plasmalemmal caveolae also accumulated in anti‐dynamin antibody‐injected cells. Further, the cellular uptake of cholera toxin B, which normally occurs by the internalization of caveolae, was inhibited in these cells. In support of these observations, immunoisolation techniques, double‐label immuno‐FM, and immunoelectron microscopy (immuno‐EM) provided biochemical and morphological evidence that dynamin associates with plasmalemmal caveolae. Together, these observations indicate that dynamin mediates scission from the plasma membrane of both clathrincoated pits and caveolae during distinct endocytic processes. These results demonstrate that dynamin isoforms are involved in an additional endocytic process that is distinct from clathrinmediated endocytosis and provide significant insights into the molecular mechanisms governing the GTP‐mediated internalization of caveolae. Evidence is provided demonstrating that dynamin isoforms have a differential distribution in mammalian cells. Targeting information for these isoforms is provided at least in part by regions of alternative splicing. Thus, the different dynamin isoforms may be localized to distinct cellular compartments but provide a similar scission function during the biogenesis of nascent cytoplasmic vesicles—Henley, J. R. , Cao, H. , McNiven, M. A. Participation of dynamin in the biogenesis of cytoplasmic vesicles. FASEB J. 13 (Suppl.), S243‐S247 (1999)
Empirical Analysis of Multicore CPU and GPU-Based Parallel Solutions to Sustain Throughput Needed by Scalable Proxy Servers for Protected Videos

Proxy servers of scalable video distribution systems must perform not only efficient memory management but also adopt video protection mechanisms. This work proposes an adaptive mix-grained parallelization of AES ciphering algorithm to provide customized video segments to concurrent clients implemented using CUDA, Pthreads, and OpenMP in order to exploit multicore CPU or GPU. An evaluation is conducted using a server with Hyper-Threading (HT) capable multicore CPU and state-of-the-art 448-core GPU in contrast to a desktop using multicore CPU without HT and low-cost 128-core GPU. Overall, PCI-Express impacts CUDA's achievable throughput and HT affects the amount of cores and cooperative threads needed by application for Pthreads and even more for OpenMP. As expected, CUDA reaches higher throughput but a comparison between GPUs regarding thread occupancy demonstrates that greater core availability doesn't guarantee highest throughput, which will be demanded as network capacity of proxy servers is migrating from 1 to 10 Gbps.
Colorado Community College Student Perceptions of Higher-Education Affordability: A Phenomenological Study.

ii DEFINITION OF TERMS . xi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 Purpose Statement . 3 Research Questions . 3 Historical Context of the Study.4 Federal Higher Education Funding Trends Since 1944 . 5 State Higher Education Funding Trends Since 1987 . 7 Colorado’s Unique Higher Education Funding Context . 8 History Leading Up to COF Stipend . 10 Delimitations . 12 Limitations . 13 Significance of the Study . 13 Investigator’s Perspective . 13 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW . 16 Student Persistence Theory . 16 Analysis: Student Persistence Theory . 21 Synthesis: Student Persistence Theory . 22 Rational Consumer Choice’s Theoretical Blind Spots . 23 Analysis: Rational Consumer Choice’s Theoretical Blind Spots . 32 Synthesis: Rational Consumer Choice’s Theoretical Blind Spots . 33 Criticism of Community Colleges and Bias in Research on Underrepresented Students . 35