Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Durian cultivar recognition using discriminant function

The distinction of the Durian Cultivar is its physical characteristics such as smell, thorn's color, the resonant sound when knocking the husk. This research study which characteristics can classify the two popular Durian Cultivar; “Chanee” and “Monthong”. The array of thorns in vertical, horizontal and diagonal and the geometric lines at the thorn's bases; rectangular, pentagon, hexagon and heptagon were the features used in this study. The process starts with Durian image edge detection to obtain the outline for identifying the position of thorn's peaks and the geometric outlines. The attributes are analyzed by the Linear Discriminant Analysis Method. The experimental results show that Durian Cultivar can be classified according to the thorn's array in vertical and horizontal. The results provide the efficient performance of classifier. The accuracy of the discriminative model is 94.44%.
A monoclonal antibody induces opening of a coiled coil. Global protection of amide protons from H/D exchange decreases by up to 1000-fold in antibody-bound triple-stranded coiled coil.

Antibody specificity is limited, and different antigens may cross-react to varying degrees with the same antibody. An example is monoclonal antibody 42PF elicited against a 29-residue random-coil peptide. 42PF cross-reacts with a triple-stranded coiled coil of related amino acid sequence, and there was circumstantial evidence for an antibody-induced opening of the coiled coil [Leder, L. , Berger, C. , Bornhauser, S. , Wendt, H. , Ackermann, F. , Jelesarov, I. & Bosshard, H. R. (1995) Biochemistry 34, 16,509-16,518]. To reveal in a direct way that antibody 42PF induces the opening of the coiled coil, we have compared the rates of H/D exchange of amide protons in the free and in the antibody-bound coiled-coil peptide using electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry for the analysis of deuterium incorporation. Complete H/D exchange lasted several days in the tightly folded coiled-coil conformation while in the presence of antibody 42PF the overall exchange took only minutes, corresponding to a thousand-fold decrease of protection of the most slowly exchanging amide hydrogens of the folded coiled coil. This demonstrates that the antibody induced a considerable opening of the coiled coil.
Highly birefringent liquid crystal for THz applications

In this paper we present data on the terahertz refractive index and absorption coefficient for ordinary and extraordinary polarization of a highly birefringent liquid crystal mixture. The data are measured using a standard terahertz time-domain spectrometer. The results show a considerably high THz birefringence of more than 0.3 and only moderate absorption. Therefore this mixture is a promising candidate for future LC based THz devices.
The next generation of the World Health Organization's global antiretroviral guidance

The 2013 World Health Organization’s (WHO) Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection provide more than 50 new recommendations across the continuum of HIV care, including recommendations on HIV testing, using antiretroviral drugs for prevention, linking individuals to HIV care and treatment services, initiating and maintaining antiretroviral therapy (ART) and monitoring treatment. Guidance is provided across all age groups and populations of adults, pregnant and breastfeeding women, adolescents and key populations. The guidelines are based on a public health approach to expanding the use of ARV drugs for HIV treatment and prevention, with a particular focus on resource‐limited settings.
Alpha‐dystroglycan interactions affect cerebellar granule neuron migration

The interaction of alpha‐dystroglycan (a‐DG) with its extracellular binding partners requires glycans attached to its mucin core domain, and defects in the glycosylation of a‐DG are associated with both muscular dystrophy and neuronal migration defects. The involvement of a‐DG and one of its ligands, agrin, in cerebellar neuronal migration was investigated. Antibodies directed against glycosylated a‐DG inhibited granule neuron migration in cerebellar slice cultures. a‐DG interactions did not appear to influence neurite outgrowth in cerebellar explant cultures, but enhanced granule neuron binding was observed on cells transfected with a‐DG. These results suggest that interactions involving a‐DG influence the strength of attachment of granule neurons to the a‐DG‐expressing Bergmann glial cells that guide granule neuron migration in the cerebellum. Experiments using anti‐agrin antibodies suggest that agrin is not involved in these interactions. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sensor Capability and Atmospheric Correction in Ocean Colour Remote Sensing

Accurate correction of the corrupting effects of the atmosphere and the water’s surface are essential in order to obtain the optical, biological and biogeochemical properties of the water from satellite-based multi- and hyper-spectral sensors. The major challenges now for atmospheric correction are the conditions of turbid coastal and inland waters and areas in which there are strongly-absorbing aerosols. Here, we outline how these issues can be addressed, with a focus on the potential of new sensor technologies and the opportunities for the development of novel algorithms and aerosol models. We review hardware developments, which will provide qualitative and quantitative increases in spectral, spatial, radiometric and temporal data of the Earth, as well as measurements from other sources, such as the Aerosol Robotic Network for Ocean Color (AERONET-OC) stations, bio-optical sensors on Argo (Bio–Argo) floats and polarimeters. We provide an overview of the state of the art in atmospheric correction algorithms, highlight recent advances and discuss the possible potential for hyperspectral data to address the current challenges.
Ipsilateral and bilateral receptive fields in rat primary somatosensory cortex

The activity of single neurones evoked by electrical stimulation of the paws was recorded from the central forepaw and hindpaw receptive fields of the primary somatosensory cortex (Sm1) in anaesthetized rats. In the forepaw receptive area (FRA), 44% of neurones showed pyramidal responses to stimulation of their central receptive fields (CRF) compared with 13% of neurones in the hindpaw receptive area (HRA). The neurones were located primarily in layers IV and V. A number of neurones in superficial layers of the hindpaw region, but not in the forepaw region, had either bilateral or exclusively ipsilateral receptive fields. It was concluded that neurones with bilateral hindpaw receptive fields form a separate population of neurones which are organized somatopically.
A local features-based approach to all-sky image prediction

Estimation of cloud motion from all-sky image sequences is a very big challenge in the meteorological area that requires extensively study. In this paper, we propose a novel local features-based method to track clouds and to forecast short-term cloudiness up to fifteen minutes ahead using all-sky image sequences. This method allows us to estimate the cloud displacement as well as the change of size scale with high accuracy and robustness, leading to a significant improvement in the precision of cloud image prediction. The proposed Short-term All-sky Image Prediction System (SAIPS) includes three key steps: detection of clouds based on clustering, matching of the clouds from captured sequences, and analysis of cloud tracks to predict their locations. The effectiveness of the proposed system is verified using a database of captured images of real clouds. Experimental results demonstrate a better performance of the proposed approach compared to other algorithms.
Negative refractive index metamaterials supporting 2-D waves

Recent demonstrations of negative refraction utilize three-dimensional collections of discrete periodic scatterers to synthesize artificial dielectrics with simultaneously negative permittivity and permeability. In this paper, it is shown that planar, two-dimensional L-C transmission line networks in a high pass configuration can demonstrate negative refraction as a consequence of the fact that such media support propagating backward waves. Simulations illustrating negative refraction and focusing at 2 GHz are subsequently presented.
Studies in human malaria. XXXIV. Acquired resistance to pyrimethamine (daraprim) by the Chesson strain of plasmodium vivax.

General Summary In Part I of this study six therapeutic regimens employing four different 8-aminoquinoline derivatives were tested under strictly controlled conditions in mosquito-transmitted Chesson strain vivax malaria, experimentally induced in volunteers in a Federal penal institution. Thirty-four men were treated with each regimen. Test drugs were given every 6 hours for 14 days, in combination with quinine sulfate, 250 mg. of base every 6 hours for the same period. The relapse incidence after primary attacks was as follows: Primaquine 20 mg. (base) daily 15 per cent Primaquine 10 mg. (base) daily 65 per cent Isopentaquine 60 mg. (base) daily 35 per cent SN-3883 60 mg. (base) daily 9 per cent SN-3883 30 mg. (base) daily 21 per cent Pamaquine 60 mg. (base) daily 82 per cent Although toxic manifestations were not alarming with any of the compounds, primaquine at the effective dosage of 20 mg. per day was exceptionally well tolerated, and under the conditions of the test was regarded as the best of the four drugs. Part II of the study dealt with the trial of three therapeutic regimens employing two different 8-aminoquinolines under the same conditions as outlined above. Ten men were treated with each regimen. The test drugs were given in a single dose daily for 7 days; chloroquine, 1.5 gm. (base) total dose, was given concomitantly during the first 3 days for the management of the acute attack. Relapse incidence after the acute attack was as follows: Primaquine 30 mg. (base) single dose daily 90 per cent Primaquine 20 mg. (base) single dose daily 80 per cent SN-3883 60 mg. (base) single dose daily 100 per cent There were no toxic manifestations, but the high relapse incidence indicates the limited curative efficacy of these shorter regimens against severe Chesson strain vivax infections and consequently that they are not generally applicable curative regimens.
Asymmetrical introgression between two Morus species (M. alba, M. rubra) that differ in abundance

Asymmetrical introgression is an expected genetic consequence of hybridization when parental taxa differ in abundance; however, evidence for such effects in small populations is scarce. To test this prediction, we estimated the magnitude and direction of hybridization between red mulberry (Morus rubra L.), an endangered species in Canada, and the introduced and more abundant white mulberry (Morus alba L.) using nuclear (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) and cytoplasmic (chloroplast DNA sequence) markers. Parentage of 184 trees (n = 42 using cpDNA) from four sympatric populations was estimated using a hybrid index and related to six morphological characters and population frequencies of the parental classes. Overall, the frequency of nuclear hybrids was 53.7% (n = 99) and ranged from 43% to 67% among populations. The parental and hybrid taxa differed with respect to all of the morphological traits. Sixty‐seven percent of all hybrids contained more nuclear markers from M. alba than M. rubra (hybrid index x̄ = 0.46); among populations, the degree of M. alba bias was correlated with the frequency of M. alba. In addition, the majority of hybrids (68%) contained the chloroplast genome of white mulberry. These results suggest that introgression is bidirectional but asymmetrical and is related, in part, to the relative frequency of parental taxa.
Digital Image Processing, 4th Edition

he second edition of Pratt’s Digital Image rocessing has been a well-thumbed memer of the reviewer’s library for a number f years. As the author states in the preface o the fourth edition, this book is an “inustrial strength” introduction to digital mage processing. Collected in one place re discussions of most image processing opics, complete with extensive references o key papers in each arena. When asked to olve a new problem, or create a new soution for an old problem, the reviewer freuently starts with Pratt to see how others ave previously addressed the topic. More nteresting, perhaps, is the ability to review ther seemingly unrelated topics in the hance to realize new linkages and syneries that can result in invention. The trength of Digital Image Processing in his regard is the easy accessibility of the ext for the nonexpert on any given topic. ach subject is treated concisely with all he advanced details left to the cited refernces. One quickly gets the gist of the roblem and its basic solutions. In short, his book provides a painless entry into the arious arenas of digital image processing. It is an inherent liability of any encylopedic work that new important topics urface and beg for inclusion. This is the tated motivation for the subsequent ediions of this book. Also new to the fourth dition is the PIKS Scientific API software upplied as a CD affixed to the back cover f the book. With interest in these updates, he reviewer decided to add the fourth ediion to his library. The book is divided into six parts. Part on Continuous Image Characterization is argely the obligatory review of basic Fouier mathematics, the human visual system, nd photometry and colorimetry. In keepng with the brief expositional tone of the ook, one finds largely just an organized resentation of the essential results with eferences to the classic texts in the field uch as Goodman’s Introduction to Fouier Optics and Wyszecki and Stiles’ Color
Minority Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Variants in Antiretroviral-Naive Persons with Reverse Transcriptase Codon 215 Revertant Mutations

ABSTRACT T215 revertant mutations such as T215C/D/E/S that evolve from the nucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor mutations T215Y/F have been found in about 3% of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates from newly diagnosed HIV-1-infected persons. We used a newly developed sequencing method—ultradeep pyrosequencing (UDPS; 454 Life Sciences)—to determine the frequency with which T215Y/F or other RT inhibitor resistance mutations could be detected as minority variants in samples from untreated persons that contain T215 revertants (“revertant” samples) compared with samples from untreated persons that lack such revertants (“control” samples). Among the 22 revertant and 29 control samples, UDPS detected a mean of 3.8 and 4.8 additional RT amino acid mutations, respectively. In 6 of 22 (27%) revertant samples and in 4 of 29 control samples (14%; P = 0.4), UDPS detected one or more RT inhibitor resistance mutations. T215Y or T215F was not detected in any of the revertant or control samples; however, 4 of 22 revertant samples had one or more T215 revertants that were detected by UDPS but not by direct PCR sequencing. The failure to detect viruses with T215Y/F in the 22 revertant samples in this study may result from the overwhelming replacement of transmitted T215Y variants by the more fit T215 revertants or from the primary transmission of a T215 revertant in a subset of persons with T215 revertants.
Laser scanning cytometer‐based assays for measuring host cell attachment and invasion by the human pathogen Toxoplasma gondii

Toxoplasma gondii is among the most common protozoan parasites of humans. Both attachment to and invasion of host cells by T.gondii are necessary for infection, yet little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes. T.gondii's etiological importance and its role as a model organism for studying invasion in related parasites necessitate a means to quantitatively assay host cell attachment and invasion.
Economics of Unfractionated Heparin: Beyond Acquisition Cost

Despite numerous clinical trials demonstrating advantages of new anticoagulants, unfractionated heparin (UFH) is still used by a number of clinicians in the United States. The reason for this continued use of UFH is not superior efficacy, improved safety, or convenience, but low acquisition cost. However, several other costs associated with the use of UFH are often not considered. Appropriate economic analysis, which considers both cost and outcomes, has not demonstrated support for continued use of UFH. Its continued use based simply on lower cost is not justified by the literature.
Street lighting monitoring at cabinet level using open-source tools: A real scenario

This paper presents a street lighting (SL) monitoring solution working at cabinet level, developed at the Municipality of Trento, Italy. This solution is based on standard open-source software, self-developed tools and standard power meters. As it is based on open-source components, it is potentially independent on the power metering hardware and it does not require the payment of periodic fees. The developed solution has been implemented in a real large-scale scenario and proved to be an effective low-cost and low-impact tool that supports the maintenance of SL systems of the city of Trento by automatically detecting major faults and by allowing the analysis of electrical parameters at both global and cabinet-level scales.
X-ray Detection of the Period-Four Cycling of the Manganese Cluster in Photosynthetic Water Oxidizing Enzyme

X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectra of the manganese (Mn) cluster in physiologically native intermediate states of photosynthetic water oxidation induced by short laser flash were measured with a compact heat-insulated chamber equipped with an x-ray detector near the sample surface. The half-height energy of the Mn Kedge showed a period-four oscillation dependent on cycling of the Joliot-Kok's oxygen clock. The flash number-dependent shift in the Mn K-edge suggests that the Mn cluster is oxidized by one electron upon the S0-to-S1, S1-to-S2, and S2-to-S3 transitions and then reduced upon the S3-to-S0 transition that releases molecular oxygen.
ON GROUPS AND GRAPHS(1)

By a graph X we mean a finite set V(X), called the vertices of X, together with a set E(X), called the edges of X, consisting of unordered pairs of distinct elements of V(X). We shall indicate the unordered pairs by brackets. Two graphs X and Y are said to be isomorphic, denoted by X cz Y, if there is a one-to-one map a of V(X) onto V(Y) such that [aa,ab~\eE(Y) if and only if [a, b~]eE(X). An isomorphism of X onto itself is said to be an automorphism of X. For each given graph X there is a group of automorphisms, denoted by G(A'), where the multiplication is the multiplication of permutations. The complementary graph Xe of X is the graph whose V(XC) = V(X), and E(XC) consists of all possible edges which do not belong to E(X). It is easy to see that X and Xe have the same group of automorphisms. A graph consisting of isolated vertices only is called the null graph, and its complementary graph is called the complete graph. Both the null graph and the complete graph of n vertices have S„, the symmetric group of n letters, as their group of automorphisms. A regular graph of degree k is a graph such that the number of edges incident with each vertex is k. The null graphs and the complete graphs are regular. The graph X is necessarily regular if G(X) is transitive. In [7], König proposed the following question: "When can a given abstract group be set up as the group of automorphisms of a graph? " The question can be interpreted in two ways, (a) Given a finite group G, can one construct a graph whose group of automorphisms is abstractly isomorphic to G? (b) Given a permutation group G acting on n letters, can one construct a graph of n vertices whose group of automorphisms is G? The former has been answered affirmatively by Frucht in [4] and [5], and many others. Concerning the latter, Kagno in [6] investigated the graphs of vertices ^ 6 and their group of automorphisms. It is known that not every group can have a graph in the sense of (b). For instance, letting
P 21-Activated Protein Kinase 1 ( Pak 1 ) Mediates the Cross Talk between Insulin and-Catenin on Proglucagon Gene Expression and Its Ablation Affects Glucose Homeostasis in Male C 57 BL / 6 Mice

In gut endocrine L cells, the Wnt signaling pathway effector -catenin ( -cat)/transcription factor 7-like 2 mediates the stimulatory effect of insulin on proglucagon (gcg) expression and glucagonlike peptide-1 (GLP-1) production. In several other cell lineages, insulin is able to stimulate p21activated protein kinase 1 (Pak1). Here we determined the role of Pak1 in gcg expression and the effect of Pak1 deletion on glucose homeostasis. Insulin stimulated Pak1 activation through increasing its Thr423 phosphorylation in gut gcg-expressing cell lines, associated with increased gcg mRNA levels. This stimulation was attenuated by the Pak inhibitor 2,2 -dihydroxy-1,1 -dinaphthyldisulfide (IPA3) or dominant-negative Pak1. Both insulin and cAMP-promoting agents activated -cat Ser675 phosphorylation, which was attenuated by IPA3 or protein kinase A inhibition, respectively. Gut gcg levels were reduced in male Pak1 / mice, associated with impaired glucose tolerance after an ip or oral glucose challenge. These mice had lower circulating active GLP-1 levels after a glucose challenge as well as reduced distal ileum GLP-1 content after insulin treatment. Finally, the Pak1 / mice exhibited reduced brainstem gcg level and abolished -cat Ser675 phosphorylation in brain neurons after insulin treatment. We suggest that Pak1 mediates the cross talk between insulin and Wnt signaling pathways on gut and brain gcg expression, and its ablation impairs glucose homeostasis. (Endocrinology 154: 77–88, 2013)
Rot and SaeRS Cooperate To Activate Expression of the Staphylococcal Superantigen-Like Exoproteins

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus is a significant human pathogen that is capable of infecting a wide range of host tissues. This bacterium is able to evade the host immune response by utilizing a repertoire of virulence factors. These factors are tightly regulated by various two-component systems (TCS) and transcription factors. Previous studies have suggested that transcriptional regulation of a subset of immunomodulators, known as the staphylococcal superantigen-like proteins (Ssls), is mediated by the master regulators accessory gene regulator (Agr) TCS, S. aureus exoprotein expression (Sae) TCS, and Rot. Here we demonstrate that Rot and SaeR, the response regulator of the Sae TCS, synergize to coordinate the activation of the ssl promoters. We have determined that both transcription factors are required, but that neither is sufficient, for promoter activation. This regulatory scheme is mediated by direct binding of both transcription factors to the ssl promoters. We also demonstrate that clinically relevant methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains respond to neutrophils via the Sae TCS to upregulate the expression of ssls. Until now, Rot and the Sae TCS have been proposed to work in opposition of one another on their target genes. This is the first example of these two regulators working in concert to activate promoters.