Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gender and ethnicity in the 'transitional democracy' of Kyrgyzstan

Despite Central Asia's political significance, isolation and complexity best characterize the region. 1 The relative lack of analysis on a country highlighted for its democratic potential provides a compelling justification for consideration of Kyrgyzstan as a case study regarding the concepts of democratic assistance. The objectives of this article are to (1) demonstrate the importance of ethnicity in Kyrgyzstan and outline the ethnic history and (2) demonstrate the importance of gender in Kyrgyzstan and, in accordance with Yuval-Davis' transversalism theory, outline the competing gender constructions and (3) examine ethnic conflict and the relevance of gender in Kyrgyzstan's 'democratic' transition.
The Effect of Other Customer Perceptions on Store Attitude and Behavioral Response in Fashion Store

This research analyzed the effect of other customers’ perceptions (physical attraction and suitable behavior) to stores’ attitude and behavior in fashion store. For an empirical purpose, this research is preceded with statistics of SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 by analyzing the result of 200 people who recently purchased fashion merchandises. The result of this research is as following; first, physical attraction and suitable behavior to other customers did give a positive effect to the store’s attitude. Between two variables, the physical attractiveness was more effective than suitable behavior. Second, the attitude of consumers towards stores did show a positive effect on behaviors of customers.
Hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose by solid acid catalysts

As the main component of lignocelluloses, cellulose is a biopolymer consisting of many glucose units connected through β-1,4-glycosidic bonds. Breakage of the β-1,4-glycosidic bonds by acids leads to the hydrolysis of cellulose polymers, resulting in the sugar molecule glucose or oligosaccharides. Mineral acids, such as HCl and H2SO4, have been used in the hydrolysis of cellulose. However, they suffer from problems of product separation, reactor corrosion, poor catalyst recyclability and the need for treatment of waste effluent. The use of heterogeneous solid acids can solve some of these problems through the ease of product separation and good catalyst recyclability. This review summarizes recent advances in the hydrolysis of cellulose by different types of solid acids, such as sulfonated carbonaceous based acids, polymer based acids and magnetic solid acids. The acid strength, acid site density, adsorption of the substance and micropores of the solid material are all key factors for effective hydrolysis processes. Methods used to promote reaction efficiency such as the pretreatment of cellulose to reduce its crystallinity and the use of ionic liquids or microwave irradiation to improve the reaction rate are also discussed.
A Further Review of the Results of Stereotactic Subcaudate Tractotomy

There is accumulating evidence of the clinical effectiveness of selective stereotactic psychosurgery in some severely disabled psychiatric patients who have not responded to other forms of treatment (Ström-Olsen and Carlisle, 1971; Bridges, Göktepe and Maratos, 1973; Kelly et al., 1973). The risks of adverse effects resulting from operation are now small, and their significance is further diminished when related to the distress over long periods of those patients who are suitable for psychosurgery. The criteria for selection have been considered by Bridges and Bartlett (1973).
A Comparative Study of Different Types of Cultural NPOs in Terms of the Contract Relationships, Public Service Motivation, satisfaction and Work Performance of their Public Web Portal

The purpose of this study is to compare Korean cultural centers and museums’ contract relationships and public service motivation (PSM) for participating in government portals. Korean NPOs participate in the Culture Portal constructed by the Korean Central Government. We investigate the influence of contract relationships and PSM on the user-satisfaction and work performance of these public web portals by comparing cultural centers and museums. A survey was used to collect data from NPOs participating in Korea’s public Cultural Portal. Data was collected from a survey of 101 cultural centers and 44 muesums paticipating in Korea’s Cultural Portal. This data was organized according to a 5 point scale. According to comparative data analysis, there are a statistically significant difference in manpower support. The financial support, user-satisfaction of museums is higher than cultural centers, but the PSM ,work performance of culture center is higher than museums.
Cytokine Removal with a Novel Adsorbent Polymer

Background/Aims: We sought to characterize a novel adsorbent polymer in terms of cytokine removal. Methods: We challenged 50 rats with lipopolysaccharide to obtain cytokine-rich blood and circulated this through cartridges containing polymer. In separate experiments, cell-free supernatants were passed through cartridges containing polymer. We measured tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 10 and interleukin 6 concentrations under a variety of conditions to evaluate adsorption kinetics. Results: All three cytokines were rapidly removed from the blood with less than 50% of the initial concentrations present after 1 h of circulation through the cartridge. There was no significant difference in the effect across a range of blood flows and Ca2+ concentrations. Adsorption was decreased somewhat by extremely low temperature (4°C). Conclusion: The adsorbent polymer removes cytokines with high efficiency, and binding is relatively unaffected by a variety of physical conditions.
Reconfiguration of the social practices of protection among the Ebrié of Yopougon Kouté in a context of modernity

The study on the question of social protections among the Ebriés of Kouté was made to analyze the reconfiguration of the practices of protection among the Ebrié and their mechanisms of social protection in a context of modernity. In fact, to account for this social reality, this study mobilized a qualitative and ethnographic approach to 30 people (Ghiglione and Mathalon, 1998), during the month of March 2010. It arises a duality of social protection practices among the Ebrié of Yopougon Kouté. This duality is updated by traditional protection practices and the new configurations of social protection. Thus, the study unveils a duality of social practices of protection in Yopougon Kouté through the traditional and modern forms of protection.
Comprehensive review of techniques used to detect skin lesion

In the world today there are number of skin diseases which are found in humans, animals and plants. The illness caused by bacteria or infections will be known as skin disease like yeast infection, allergy, eczema, brown spot. These skin diseases have dangerous effect on skin and they keep on spreading over time. To control them from spreading it is necessary to identify these diseases at their starting stages. We adopted many technologies to identify these diseases like image processing, artificial neural network, data mining etc. Now a day's image processing is most effective for detection of these kinds of skin diseases. It uses different techniques to identify the part affected by disease like feature extraction, filtering, image pre-processing, image segmentation etc. It also identifies the affected areas color as well as the form of affected area. The paper conducts the review of various image processing techniques which are used for diagnosis of skin diseases in recent time. Analysis of the different methodologies and their performances that are utilized in these techniques of skin diseases diagnosis also be done.
Framework for the declarative implementation of native mobile applications

The development of connected mobile applications for a broad audience is a complex task because of the existing device diversity. In order to soothe this situation, device-independent approaches are aimed at implementing platform-independent applications, hiding the differences among the diverse families and models of mobile devices. Most of the existing approaches are based on the imperative definition of applications, which are either compiled to a native application, or executed in a Web browser. The client and server sides of applications are implemented separately, using different mechanisms for data synchronisation. In this study, the authors propose device-independent mobile application generation (DIMAG), a framework for defining native device-independent client-server applications based on the declarative specification of application workflow, state and data synchronisation, user interface and data queries. The authors have designed DIMAG considering the dynamic addition of new types of devices, and facilitating the generation of applications for new target platforms. DIMAG has been implemented taking advantage of existing standards.
Identifying Effective Online Service Strategies: The Impact of Network Externalities and Organizational Lifecycle Stage

This study presents a framework for identifying effective online transaction-based service strategies that incorporates network externalities and organizational life cycle theories. The framework considers changes in marginal costs, marginal revenues, and service value as the company moves through its initial three life cycle stages (start-up, growth, and maturity). Propositions describe potentially effective strategies for service sites in each lifecycle stage. Each of the propositions is supported by real-world strategy examples and research related findings from three industries – online auctions, online career services and online travel services. Start-up strategies must focus on increasing the number of service users, growth companies need to differentiate themselves from their competitors, and large mature service providers can take advantage of their financial resources and service value by raising entry barriers to maintain their dominant position. This study provides a multi-theory perspective that can be used as a basis for further study of strategies used in these industries.
Ebselen protection against hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage in HL-60 cells.

AIM To study the protective effect of ebselen (Ebs) on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage in human leukemia cell line HL-60. METHODS The inhibitory effect of H2O2 on cell growth was determined using the tetrazolium dye colorimetric test, and the lipid peroxidation was estimated by malondialdehyde (MDA) formation. DNA damage was detected using single cell gel electrophoresis, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation was measured using a fluorescent probe, 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA). RESULTS H2O2 (100 mumol.L-1) suppressed the growth of HL-60 cells and the addition of Ebs (1-20 mumol.L-1) reduced the suppression in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, Ebs also displayed a concentration-dependent reduction of MDA formation in H2O2-treated cells, at the concentration of 20 mumol.L-1 the inhibitory rate was 56.4%. Ebs was able to reduce the ROS formation and DNA damage caused by H2O2 in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Ebs has a strong protective ability against the cytotoxicity and DNA damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS).
The Hybrid Airline Model. Generating Quality for Passengers

This research aims to investigate the different strategies adopted by the airline companies in adapting to the ongoing changes while developing products and services for passengers in order to increase their yield, load factor and passenger satisfaction. Finding a balance between costs and services quality in the airline industry is a crucial task for every airline wanting to gain a competitive advantage on the market. Also, the rise of the hybrid business operating model has brought up many challenges for airlines as the line between legacy carriers and low-cost carriers is getting thinner in terms of costs and innovative ideas to create a superior product for the passengers.
THE EFFECTS OF A DIET RICH IN LEAN BEEF ON MULTIPLE RISK FACTORS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE: THE BEEF IN AN OPTIMAL LEAN DIET (BOLD) STUDY

Background: Beef often is excluded in cholesterol-lowering diets as a means of controlling saturated fatty acids (SFA). However, the effects of a dietary pattern that meets dietary recommendations for SFA (<7% calories) and includes lean beef on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors have not been evaluated. Objective: To examine the effects of a cholesterol-lowering diet containing lean beef (BOLD 4.0 oz/d; BOLD+ 5.4 oz/d) on low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and compare these effects to an Average American Diet (AAD). Design: Thirty six moderately hypercholesterolemic individuals (LDL-C >110 mg/dL) completed a randomized crossover controlled feeding study. Participants were fed 4 interventions diets; AAD [33% total fat, 12% SFA, 49% carbohydrate (CHO), 19% protein (PRO), 0.7 oz beef/d], DASH (27% total fat, 6% SFA, 50% CHO, 19% PRO, 1.0oz beef/d), BOLD (28% total fat, 6% SFA, 54% CHO, 19% PRO, 4.0 oz beef/d), and BOLD+ (28% total fat, 6% SFA, 46% CHO, 28% PRO, 5.4 oz beef/d) for five weeks with a 1 week washout between diets. Lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins, blood pressure (BP), blood vessel function, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Heme oxgense-1 (HO-1) were measured at the beginning of the intervention and at the end of each diet period. Equations were developed to predict TG and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) changes from AAD based on changes in food group intakes (recommended by MyPyramid.gov and the DASH diet) between DASH, BOLD, BOLD+ and AAD.
Credit union restructuring: don't forget the member!

It is recognised in the marketing literature that services consist of core and relational dimensions, and in a long term customer relationship, the relational dimension can give competitive advantage to a business. One of the gaps in the credit union literature is a discussion on the impact of credit unions mergers on this key competitive advantage. And when member value is discussed, it tends to be confined to the core product aspect such as increased range of services and better rates rather than relational aspects. The focus of this paper is on the interplay between core product and relational dimensions in the member preferences around the future restructuring of the movement. It was found that credit union members clearly value their relationship with the credit union and are not willing to trade the local nature of the credit union as they know it, for increased services.
Cell‐Cell Signaling Through NOTCH Regulates Human Embryonic Stem Cell Proliferation

Unlike pluripotent mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, human ES cells and their malignant equivalents, embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells, require close cell‐cell contact for efficient growth. Signaling through the NOTCH receptor, initiated by interaction with ligands of the DELTA/JAGGED family expressed on neighboring cells, plays a role in regulating the self‐renewal of several stem cell systems. Members of the NOTCH and DELTA/JAGGED families are expressed by human EC and ES cells, and we have therefore investigated the possible role of NOTCH in the maintenance of these cells. Cleavage of both NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 to yield the intracellular domain responsible for the canonical signaling pathway of NOTCH was detected in several human EC and ES cell lines, suggesting that NOTCH signaling is active. Furthermore, the proliferation of human EC cells, as well as the expression of several downstream NOTCH target genes, was markedly reduced after small interfering RNA knockdown of NOTCH1, NOTCH2, and the canonical effector CBF‐1 or after blocking NOTCH signaling with the γ‐secretase inhibitor L‐685,458. The inhibitor also caused a reduction in the growth of human ES cells, although without evidence of differentiation. The results indicate that cell‐cell signaling through the NOTCH system provides a critical cue for the proliferation of human EC and ES cell in vitro.
A Strategy for a Cybersecurity Culture: A South African Perspective

Nowadays, having Internet access is deemed to be a basic human right. The South African government has embraced this notion; and as a result, free Wireless Internet (WiFi) has been rolled out in numerous cities in the country. This national effort to connect South African citizens is, however, not matched with adequate national cybersecurity efforts. Across nations, cultivating a culture in pursuing cybersecurity is well appreciated as a fundamental approach. In line with this, the South Africa government envisages a culture of cybersecurity amongst its citizens. However, there is an apparent lack of a practical plan to cultivate such a cybersecurity culture in South Africa. This paper proposes a national strategy for promoting a cybersecurity culture in South Africa.
Crystal structure of YdcE protein from Bacillus subtilis

Arhonda Gogos, Haiyan Mu, Fabiana Bahna, Carlos A. Gomez, and Lawrence Shapiro Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
Regulation of serotonin‐facilitated dopamine release in vivo: The role of protein kinase A activating transduction mechanisms

Recent neuroanatomical, biochemical, and electrophysiological studies suggest that serotonin (5HT) can modulate dopaminergic function at the level of the cell body and the nerve terminal. The receptor subtypes, regulatory processes, and intracellular transduction mechanisms mediating these interactions remain to be characterized. The potential involvement of cAMP in mediating 5HT‐facilitated increases in extracellular levels of striatal dopamine (DA) was assessed using in vivo microdialysis. Local infusion of 0.4 nmol 5HT delivered via probes located in the anterior striata of chloral hydrate‐anesthetized male rats significantly increased extracellular DA levels to approximately 700% of basal control levels. Local, intrastriatal infusion of either 2 nmol forskolin, 2 nmol rolipram, 100 nmol isobutylmethylxanthine, or 200 nmol dibutyryl cAMP significantly increased basal DA levels to 28 ± 3%, 143 ± 5%, 56 ± 7%, and 52 ± 3% above control levels, respectively. Additionally, coperfusion of any of these agents with 5HT significantly decreased the 5HT‐facilitory effect on DA release to approximately 50% of observed 5HT controls. The current results suggest a role for the cAMP second‐messenger systems in modulating 5HT‐facilitated DA release. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
AN EXPLORATION OF ESSENTIAL FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE MUSIC STREAMING ADOPTION AND THE INTENTION TO ENGAGE IN DIGITAL PIRACY

Preventing unauthorized downloading and other forms of digital piracy has always been challenging. Various strategies based on deterrence, ethical arguments, psychosocial considerations, or technical measures have been effective, but only to a limited degree. The problem persists and it is clear that magic bullets do not exist. One approach is to present consumers with new value propositions based on business models centered on digital streaming and downloading. Attractive product and platform attributes, which are a function of software and hardware design, may influence consumer behavior away from digital piracy and towards legitimate purchases. The results of this study suggest that platform and product usability, quality, and enjoyment can influence unauthorized downloading intention and purchasing intention of legitimate music streaming systems. To cite this document: William Hampton-Sosa, "An exploration of essential factors that influence music streaming adoption and the intention to engage in digital piracy ", International Journal of Electronic Commerce Studies, Vol.8, No.1, pp.97-134, 2017. Permanent link to this document: http://dx.doi. org/10.7903/ijecs.1458
Effect of Sonication on Malting Behaviour of Barley

Barley is the main ingredient for malting and brewing in the manufacture of beer. Germination capacity and the level of β-glucans in barley grains play a significant role in the brewing process of barley. Poor germination capacity of barley reduces malt yield. The presence of β-glucans in the malt leads to filtration problems and haze formation in beer. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of sonication on the malting behaviour of barley grains. Cleaned malting barley cultivar grains were sonicated using an ultrasonic bath. One kg barley grain samples were sonicated for treatment times of 20, 40 and 60 min at a constant frequency of 47 kHz ± 6%. Treated and control samples were analysed for germination capacity using the tetrazolium chloride test, pasting properties using a rapid visco analyser and β-glucan content using a megazyme enzymatic kit. Sonication treatment was found to have a significant effect on the germination capacity of barley grains. All sonicated samples had longer acrospires compared to control samples. Increases in length were higher for samples processed for 60 min. The peak viscosity, which is the maximum viscosity developed during or soon after the heating period, ranged from 201 to 498 mPa.s. All sonicated samples had significantly higher peak viscosity (p>0.05) compared to control. β-glucan content was found to decrease during malting. However sonication did not have any significant effect on the β-glucan content of malted barley. This study shows that sonication improves the germination capacity of barley grains. This effect may be due to enzymatic activity and micro fissures induced onto the grain structure.
Nature of Particles Involved in Lipid Synthesis in Yeast

Klein, Harold P. (Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif.). Nature of particles involved in lipid synthesis in yeast. J. Bacteriol. 90:227–234. 1965. —Mitochondria-free homogenates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yielded several particulate layers upon centrifugation at 100,000 × g. Electron microscopy revealed that membranes are present only in the uppermost (“fluffy”) layer, which is inactive in lipid synthesis. The membrane-free material of the middle (“red”) layer stimulated the synthesis of fatty acids and of nonsaponifiable lipids. In addition, this fraction appeared to be rich in the enzyme systems responsible for desaturating fatty acids and for converting squalene to sterols. The purified particles contained protein and ribonucleic acid (approximately 65:35), and further resembled ribosomal material in that they sedimented almost entirely as an 80S particle in tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-magnesium buffer. Various treatments that dissociated the 80S material did not affect the lipogenic capabilities of this particle fraction.