Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Role of the Pulvinar in Selective Visual Attention

iii Acknowledgements . iv Chapter 1: General Introduction . 1 Neural Mechanisms of Visual Attention . 1 Anatomy of the Pulvinar . 2 Subdivisions of the Pulvinar . 3 Lesions of the Pulvinar . 6 Pulvinar and Attention . 6 Chapter 2: Overall Materials and Methods . 9 Chapter 3: Mechanisms of Attention within the Pulvinar . 22 Introduction . 22 Materials and Methods . 27 Results . 30 Discussion . 38 Chapter 4: Using Sequential Auto-Encoders to Characterize Population Activity in the Pulvinar . 4
Role of Platelet Rich Fibrin in Dentistry

The aim of any invasive procedure is the complete eradication and elimination of the infection and associated necrotic tissue followed by repair and regeneration of the affected tissue. The development of bioactive surgical additives is to regulate the inflammation and increase the speed of healing process. In this sense, platelet rich fibrin (PRF) alone or in combination with other biomaterials, appears as a natural and satisfactory factor with favourable results and low risks. This review reveals the role of platelet rich fibrin, its advantages, disadvantages and its clinical application.
Purchasing functional foods to stay fit

Health fitness has become a major issue in Malaysia since the population of overweight and obesity is becoming critical. One of the ways to achieve optimum health fitness is by consistently consuming balanced diet meals. Hence, this paper aims to focus on the willingness of society to purchase functional foods as an alternative for their daily meals to stay fit. ,The research framework was developed based on a combination of findings by other research scholars within a similar field. The willingness to purchase functional foods to stay fit is positioned as the dependent variable, while lifestyle adaptation, social media influence and food consumption awareness are placed as the independent variables. Quantitative research was conducted by collecting primary data from respondents in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The collected data were analysed using descriptive and regression analyses. ,The willingness to purchase functional foods to stay fit is dependent on the lifestyle adaptation, social media influence and food consumption awareness. ,Although the current market for functional foods in Malaysia is still at a small scale, the market for this industry seems very promising. Nevertheless, greater awareness on functional food is still needed. ,Functional food producers should make an effort to gain the untapped market by focussing on the lifestyle adaptation, social media influence and food consumption awareness. ,This research is a breakthrough to discover the willingness of Malaysians to purchase functional food to stay fit, which is influenced by lifestyle adaptation, social media and food consumption awareness.
Macroeconomic Perspective on Development

Macroeconomic strategies and policies have differed significantly among Asian countries, and yet some common issues recur despite their immense diversity in inherited historical initial conditions, differences in political systems, geopolitical situations, location and size, and natural resource endowments. The chapter examines from a comparative perspective issues like unemployment, state versus market, domestic versus foreign market, degree of openness in trade, investment and finance, industrial and technology policy, decentralization, and economic and social inequality. While some countries have been more successful than others in dealing with these issues, our comparative perspective also shows development itself as a moving target, thus requiring flexible institutional and policy responses at each separate stage of development, which makes uniform guidelines misleadingly over-simplistic.
Characterization of wild bee communities in apple and blueberry orchards

Wild bees provide invaluable ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes such as pollination. However, in recent decades, pollinator biodiversity, especially in wild bees, is declining on a global scale, with potentially far‐reaching consequences for crop production. Thus, there is an urgent need to determine whether wild bees are present in agricultural systems, such as fruit orchards. In the present study, we examined the wild bee fauna at species and community levels during the period of bee activity (May to August) in apple and high‐bush blueberry orchards in New England. Bee communities are crop‐specific and dominated by very few species, which fluctuate according to crop and season. The blueberry associated bee fauna was more diverse. In apple, communities were phylogenetically clustered at the genus level and dominated by solitary ground nesting bees within the genus Andrena. Species fluctuated widely in presence and abundance throughout the season, leading to differences in community composition and functional trait structure. The results obtained in the present study show that apple and blueberry harbour a distinct and diverse bee fauna that performs vital pollination services in orchards. Our results provide essential baseline data for wild bees in blueberry and apple orchards and this can be used to improve management and conservation strategies for wild bee preservation in these crops.
Analytical Method for Calculating the Magnetic Field of Spoke-Type Permanent Magnet Machines Accounting for Eccentric Magnetic Pole

This article proposes an analytical method to calculate the magnetic field, back electromotive force (BEMF), inductance, and torque of spoke-type permanent magnet machine (PMM) accounting for eccentric magnetic pole. The magnetic field in the slotted spoke-type PMM is predicted according to conformal mapping, flux continuity theorem, double reaction theory, superposing principle, and complex relative air-gap permeance. Then, BEMF, inductance, and torque are obtained according to the results of magnetic field. A spoke-type PMM with eccentric magnetic pole is used to verify the analytical model. The harmonics of BEMF and torque ripple of spoke-type PMM with eccentric magnetic pole are very slight. Results of magnetic field, BEMF, inductance, and torque by the analytical model are verified by finite element. The validation to calculate BEMF and electromagnetic torque with analytical model is confirmed by experimental result. The analytical method proposed in this article can be applied to the spoke-type PMM with all kinds of magnetic-pole shape.
Lyme-Borreliose als Ursache für chronische HWS-Beschwerden mit Ausstrahlung in die obere Extremität

Zusammenfassung Physiotherapeutisches Management nimmt eine zentrale Rolle in der konservativen Behandlung von akuten und chronischen Beschwerden am Bewegungsapparat ein. Allerdings eignen sich nicht alle vom Arzt zur Physiotherapie überwiesenen Patienten für physiotherapeutische Interventionen. Eine Vielzahl systemischer Erkrankungen kann eine neuromuskuloskeletale Ursache vortäuschen. Eine 45-jährige Patientin kam mit der Diagnose „Zervikobrachialsyndrom“ zur Physiotherapie. Da die Therapie keine Wirkung zeigte, wurde sie für weitere Untersuchungen zum Arzt zurückgeschickt. Kurz darauf konnte die Diagnose „chronische Lyme-Borreliose“ als Ursache der Beschwerden gestellt werden. Auch bei Patienten mit typischen Beschwerden einer Nervenwurzelkompression müssen die ursprünglichen diagnostischen und Interventionshypothesen immer wieder kritisch hinterfragt werden. Trotz vorheriger ärztlicher Abklärung sollten Physiotherapeuten wachsam sein und bei Auffälligkeiten unbedingt Rücksprache mit dem überweisenden Arzt halten.
INCIDENCE OF FLUOROQUINOLONES INDUCED PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS IN PATIENTS ADMITTED TO DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE IN A GENERAL HOSPITAL SETUP

Toxic psychosis in adults although it is relatively uncommon side-effect in proportion to the large worldwide consumption of the drugs, there has been a number of case reports of Fluoroquinolone-associated psychosis. Our study was first of its kind as no other prospective cohort study on the use of fluoroquinolones and its relation to development of psychosis has yet been carried out. 2007 patients who were prescribed fluoroquinolones were followed for one month for development of any signs of psychosis out of which 22 patients that is 1.11% was found to have fluoroquinolones induced psychosis. We also discuss the possible neurophysiological mechanisms behind fluoroquinolones induced psychosis.
The scientific and practical rationale for the inclusion of enzyme preparations in the feed of young pigs

Studies on growing young pigs for rearing and fattening using a mixture of enzyme preparations were carried out on animals aged 2 to 7 months in the dynamics of their growth and development. The animals receiving compound feed used in the economy served as control. The compound feed of the first experimental group was enriched with a mixture of additional enzyme preparations amylosubtilin G3x and cellolux-F, and the second experimental group – a mixture of amylosubtilin G3x and protosubtilin G3x. The use of a mixture of amylosubtilin G3x and cellolux-F increases the average daily growth by 13.6 %, reduces feed costs by 11.8 % compared to the control group’s pigs, a mixture of amylosubtilin G3x and protosubtilin G3x - an average daily increase of 8.7 %, a decrease in feed costs by 7.9 % compared to the control group’s pigs. The highest content of muscle tissue in the half-carcasses was observed in animals in the first experimental group (58.5 %) and in the second experimental group (58.17 %), which is higher in the control group by 0.93 and 0.6, respectively. The results of research in the technology of pork production reveal new possibilities of using a mixture of enzyme preparations.
Resolution Of Male Infertility Following Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor (Infliximab): A Case Report

Male infertility, present in 5% of the Western population, is more prevalent in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). CD is active during the reproductive years; therefore the treatment being used might have an impact on the fertility of the patient. Experience with anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) modulators has primarily been limited to women with rheumatoid arthritis and, thus the effect on male infertility has not been evaluated. Among females with CD clinical trials with anti-TNF necessitated abstentinence from pregnancy. We report a case of resolution of infertility in a 28-year-old childless man with moderate to severe CD, who had infertility secdondary to astheno-terato-spermia. Three attempts at artificial intrauterine insemination with the patient's sperm were unsuccessful. The patient received 5 mg/kg IV anti-TNF (Infliximab) for CD and 10 days later reported, for the first time in 8 years, enhanced libido and sexual activity. About 6 weeks later his wife became pregnant and subsequently delivered, at term, a small-for-age 2,100-g female infant. The child is now 9 months old and has there has been no report of any developmental disabilities. Subsequent sperm counts of the patients were deemed unnecessary. This is the first case report of a rapid resolution of male infertility following anti-TNF treatment and birth of a healthy infant in a previously infertile man with CD.
An Exact Parallel Algorithm for the Radio k-coloring Problem

For a positive integer k, a radio k-coloring of a simple connected graph G = (V (G), E(G)) is a mapping | f(u) - f(v)| ≥ k +1-d (u , v ) such that f :V (G)→{0,1, 2,. } for each pair of distinct vertices u and v of G, where d(u, v) is the distance between u and v in G. The span of a radio k-coloring f, rck(f), is the maximum integer it assigns to some vertex of G. The radio k-chromatic number, rck(G) of G is min{rck(f)}, where the minimum is taken over all radio k-colorings f of G. If k is the diameter of G, then rck(G) is known as the radio number of G. In this work, we propose four algorithms (two serial algorithms and their parallel versions) which related to the radio k-coloring problem. One of them is an approximate algorithm that determines an upper bound of the radio number of a given graph. The other is an exact algorithm which finds the radio number of a graph G. The approximate algorithm is a polynomial time algorithm while the exact algorithm is an exponential time algorithm. The parallel algorithms are parallelized using the Message Passing Interface (MPI) standard. The experimental results prove the ability of the proposed algorithms to achieve a speedup 7 for 8 processors.
Ultra-high Temperature (UHT) Processing: Technological Significance and Updates

Background: Milk forms an integral part of the human diet from the nutritional point of view. Besides nutrition, it has also unique functional properties which are harnessed by the industry for numerous uses. Being highly perishable specific techniques are required to minimize the losses during processing and adequate preservation of this precious commodity. In the U.S. and many other parts of the world, the traditional pasteurization of milk requires a minimum heat treatment of 72ºC for 15 seconds with subsequent refrigeration. However, the advent of Ultra High Temperature (UHT) treatment of milk has added a new dimension to the marketing of liquid milk in urban as well as remote areas without the requirement of cold chain management. The distinctive feature of UHT processed milk is that it is commercially-sterile-not pasteurized and so has long shelf life at room temperature. UHT milk, also known as long-life milk, is emerging as an attractive commercial alternative offering a hygienic product of unmatched quality, which can be bought anywhere, at any time and in any quantity. The present review will discuss numerous aspects of UHT processing of milk with reference to historical significance, fundamental principle, various systems used and prerequisites, type of exchangers used, fouling and other defects in system, chemical and microbiological effect of the treatment, its effect on nutritional components, organoleptic quality of milk and the advantage and involved challenges of the process. Raw milk is easily contaminated with pathogens and microbes and hence its consumption of raw milk is associated with certain ill health effects. Therefore, heating milk before consumption is strongly suggested. Thus, UHT treatment of milk is done to ensure microbial safety and also to extend the shelf life of this highly perishable commodity. Heating milk at such a high temperature is often associated with the change of organoleptic properties like change in flavor or cooked flavor, rancidity due to microbes or acid flavor, etc. But UHT treatment does not substantially decrease the nutritional value or any other benefits of milk.
Validation of an Automated Assay for Levetiracetam (Keppra) on Vitros 5600.

OBJECTIVE Levetiracetam (also known as Keppra™) is an antiepileptic drug that has been demonstrated as an effective adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial onset of seizures, primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and myoclonic seizures. The aim of our study was to validate an automated quantitative immunoassay for levetiracetam at Texas Children's Hospital. METHOD We validated the analytical performance of ARK™ Levetiracetam Assay on an Ortho Clinical Diagnostic Vitros 5600 Analyzer at Texas Children's Hospital. Analytical performance parameters included precision, linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, and effect of common interferents (free hemoglobin, bilirubin, triglycerides). We also tested common drug interferents on the ARK Levetiracetam Assay. RESULTS The assay showed good precision with <4% coefficient of variation (%CV) for intraassay and <7% for interassay precision, respectively. The assay was linear across the measurement range (0.0-100.00 μg/mL). No significant effect was seen with common interferents or commonly co-used drugs. CONCLUSIONS The ARK Levetiracetam Assay on Ortho Clinical Diagnostic Vitros 5600 can be used for routine determination of levetiracetam for conducting therapeutic drug monitoring and optimizing individual dosage regimen.
Současné názory na léčbu Hodgkinova lymfomu

Soucasna lecebna strategie u Hodgkinova lymfomu (HL) je založena na výsledcich randomizovaných studii. Na zakladě výsledků studii Německe Hodgkinovy skupiny (GHSG) je u prognosticky přiznivých casných stadii HL doporucena terapie 2 cykly ABVD + 20 Gy IF-RT. U prognosticky nepřiznivých casných stadii HL je doporucena terapie 2 cykly BEACOPP eskalovaný + 2 cykly ABVD + 30 Gy IF-RT. U pokrocilých stadii HL se vedle standardniho postupu 8 cyklů chemoterapie ABVD stale vice prosazuje intenzifikovaný režim eskalovaný BEACOPP. U relapsů nebo chemorezistentniho HL na uvodni terapii je doporucena vysokodavkovana chemoterapie s naslednou autologni transplantaci krvetvorných buněk.
Mortalidade e independência um ano após fratura da anca

Introducao: A osteoporose tem vindo a apresentar uma prevalencia crescente em paralelo com o aumento da esperanca media de vida. As fraturas proximais do femur (FPF) sao a complicacao da osteoporose com maior impacto socio-economico. Este trabalho tem como objetivo determinar a taxa de mortalidade em internamento e no ano subsequente a FPF e quais os fatores de risco que lhe estao associados, assim como avaliar o impacto da FPF na funcionalidade e independencia dos doentes, um ano apos a fratura. Metodos: Procedeu-se ao levantamento dos dados dos doentes internados no Centro Hospitalar e Universitario de Coimbra (polo HUC) entre 1 de maio de 2013 e 31 de outubro de 2013 por FPF, com idade superior a 40 anos. De seguida, procedeu-se ao contacto telefonico dos doentes ou seus cuidadores, e realizacao de um inquerito sobre dados socio-epidemiologicos, fatores de risco para a osteoporose, indice de Charlson e Katz. Realizou-se tambem a analise do processo unico, de modo a validar e completar os dados do inquerito. Resultados: Dos 201 resultados obtidos, 5 optaram por nao participar no estudo e nao foi possivel estabelecer contacto telefonico com os restantes 66. Foram entao incluidos 130 doentes (31% homens e 69% mulheres), com uma media de idades de 82±8.7 anos. Apos a fratura da anca a dependencia dos doentes agravou-se relativamente ao estado previo (Media Katz previo = 1; Media Katz 1 ano apos FPF = 3; p<0.001). Menores niveis de dependencia estao estatisticamente relacionados com o tratamento cirurgico da fratura e com idades mais baixas. A taxa de mortalidade a um ano foi de 30%. Observa-se menor mortalidade em associacao com estado civil casado, tratamento cirurgico com substituicao total da anca, alta para o domicilio, realizacao de fisioterapia e niveis inferiores do indice de Katz e Charlson previamente a fratura (p<0.05). Conclusao: Os resultados encontrados neste estudo vem realcar o impacto das FPF na morbimortalidade das suas vitimas e sublinhar a importância das medidas de prevencao primaria e secundaria. ; Background: Osteoporosis has presented a rising prevalence in parallel with the increase in average life expectancy. Hip fractures are osteoporosis’ complication responsible for the major community and financial burden. This paper aims to define mortality rate during hospitalization and 1 year after hip fracture and which factors are associated with it. It also aims to evaluate its impact in the patient functional status one year after hip fracture. Methods: We collected the data of the patients that were hospitalized in Coimbra University Hospital between May 1st 2013 and October 31th 2013 with the diagnosis of hip fracture and an age >40 years-old. Then, we phoned either the patient or the caretaker to inquire about epidemiological data, osteoporosis risk factors, Charlson Comorbidity Index and Katz Index. We also analyzed the clinical process of each patient, to validate and complete the inquiry information. Results: Of the 201 results, 5 patients didn’t want to participate in the study and it wasn’t…
River profile evolution by plucking in lithologically heterogeneous landscapes: Uniform uplift vs. tilting

Recent studies provide a theoretical framework for understanding the incision of bedrock rivers by plucking. These studies motivated the development of a numerical model that simulates plucking to explore the evolution of channel profiles in lithologically diverse terrain. In the main governing equation, the incision rate is calculated as a function of the difference between the boundary shear stress and a threshold shear stress needed to entrain blocks from the bed. Because an earlier study suggested that plucking is the primary incisional process in the northern Sierra Nevada (CA), the model was calibrated to approximate the conditions in the region. The profiles of the simulated rivers are stair‐stepped, with sharp breaks‐in‐slope at lithological boundaries. This characteristic is common to rivers draining the northern Sierra Nevada, suggesting that the size of blocks available for plucking, as mediated by the fracture density, may be the primary control on their gradients. Moreover, the numerical experiments highlight the role of threshold shear stresses in the post‐orogenic persistence of steep reaches and relict terrain. Finally, comparisons of profiles evolved under tilting or uniform uplift scenarios provide insights into how these different uplift modes affect profile evolution. For example, whereas uniform uplift generates a single migrating knickpoint at the range front, multiple migrating knickpoints can form simultaneously along a river in a tilting landscape. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High-contrast, intense single-cycle pulses from an all thin-solid-plate setup

High-contrast, intense single-cycle pulses are highly desirable tools in ultrafast science, enabling highest temporal resolution, pushing matter to extreme conditions, and serving as drivers in petahertz electronics. In this Letter, we use thin solid plates in a double multi-plate supercontinuum configuration, delivering a broadband spectrum spanning from $\sim\! {400}$∼400 to $\sim\! {1000}\;{\rm nm}$∼1000nm at the $ - {20}\;{\rm dB}$−20dB intensity level to produce a single-cycle pulse. We show that the spectral broadening by self-phase modulation with few-cycle pulses is more suitable for compression than the single-cycle limit than with multi-cycle pulses. The pulses are compressed to 2.6 fs pulses, close to the transform limit of 2.55 fs, with an energy of 0.235 mJ. They exhibit an excellent power stability of 0.5% rms over 3 h and a beam profile. The obtained single-cycle pulses can be utilized in many applications, such as generation of isolated attosecond pulses via high-order harmonic generation, investigation of ultrafast phenomena with extreme temporal resolution, or high-intensity laser-solid experiments.
Predicting Latent Links from Incomplete Network Data Using Exponential Random Graph Model with Outcome Misclassification

Link prediction is a fundamental problem in network analysis. In a complex network, links can be unreported and/or under detection limits due to heterogeneous noises and technical challenges during data collection. The incomplete network data can lead to an inaccurate inference of network based data analysis. We propose a new link prediction model that builds on the exponential random graph model (ERGM) by considering latent links as misclassified binary outcomes. We develop new algorithms to optimize model parameters and yield robust predictions of unobserved links. The new method is applied to a partially observed social network data and incomplete brain network data. The results demonstrate that our method outperforms the existing latent-contact prediction methods.