Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Survey on Human-Centric Communications in Non-Cooperative Wireless Relay Networks

The performance of data delivery in wireless relay networks (WRNs), such as delay-tolerant networks and device-to-device communications heavily relies on the cooperation of mobile nodes (i.e., users and their carried devices). However, selfish nodes may refuse to relay data to others or share their resources with them due to various reasons, such as resource limitations or social preferences. Meanwhile, misbehaving nodes can launch different types of internal attacks (e.g., blackhole and trust-related attacks) to disrupt the normal operation of the network. Numerous mechanisms have been recently proposed to establish secure and efficient communications in WRNs in the presence of selfish and malicious nodes (referred as non-cooperative WRNs). In this paper, we present an in-depth survey on human-centric communication challenges and solutions in the non-cooperative WRNs that focuses on: 1) an overview of the non-cooperative WRNs and introduction to various types of node selfish and malicious behaviors; 2) the impact analysis of node selfish and malicious behaviors on the performance of data forwarding and distribution; 3) selfish and malicious node detection and defense systems; and 4) incentive mechanisms. Finally, we discuss several open problems and future research challenges.
Tracking data and retrospective analyses of diet reveal the consequences of loss of marine subsidies for an obligate scavenger, the Andean condor

Over the last century, marine mammals have been dramatically reduced in the world's oceans. We examined evidence that this change caused dietary and foraging pattern shifts of the Andean condor (Vultur gryphus) in Patagonia. We hypothesized that, after the decrease in marine mammals and the increase in human use of coastlines, condor diet changed to a more terrestrial diet, which in turn influenced their foraging patterns. We evaluated the diet by means of stable isotope analysis (δ13C, δ15N and δ34S) of current (last decade) and historical (1841–1933) feathers. We further evaluated the movement patterns of 23 condors using satellite tracking of individuals. Condors reduced their use of marine-derived prey in recent compared with historical times from 33 ± 13% to less than 8 ± 3% respectively; however, they still breed close to the coast. The average distance between the coast and nests was 62.5 km, but some nests were located close to the sea (less than 5 km). Therefore, some birds must travel up to 86 km from nesting sites, crossing over the mountain range to find food. The worldwide reduction in marine mammal carcasses, especially whales, may have major consequences on the foraging ecology of scavengers, as well as on the flux of marine inputs within terrestrial ecosystems.
The Arbitrarily Varying Gaussian Relay Channel with Sender Frequency Division

We consider the arbitrarily varying Gaussian relay channel with sender frequency division. We determine the random code capacity, and establish lower and upper bounds on the deterministic code capacity. It is observed that when the channel input is subject to a low power limit, the deterministic code capacity may be strictly lower than the random code capacity, and the gap vanishes as the input becomes less constrained. A second model addressed in this paper is the general case of primitive arbitrarily varying relay channels. We develop lower and upper bounds on the random code capacity, and give conditions under which the deterministic code capacity coincides with the random code capacity, and conditions under which it is lower. Then, we establish the capacity of the primitive counterpart of the arbitrarily varying Gaussian relay channel with sender frequency division. In this case, the deterministic and random code capacities are the same.
Sex Differences in the Methylome and Transcriptome of the Human Liver and Circulating HDL-Cholesterol Levels

Abstract Context Epigenetics may contribute to sex-specific differences in human liver metabolism. Objective To study the impact of sex on DNA methylation and gene expression in human liver. Design/Setting Cross-sectional, Kuopio Obesity Surgery Study. Participants/Intervention We analyzed DNA methylation with the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip in liver of an obese population (34 males, 61 females). Females had a higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL)–cholesterol levels compared with males. Gene expression was measured with the HumanHT-12 Expression BeadChip in a subset of 42 participants. Results Females displayed higher average methylation in the X-chromosome, whereas males presented higher methylation in autosomes. We found 9455 CpG sites in the X-chromosome and 33,205 sites in autosomes with significant methylation differences in liver between sexes (q < 0.05). When comparing our findings with published studies, 95% of the sex-specific differences in liver methylation in the X-chromosome were also found in pancreatic islets and brain, and 26 autosomal sites showed sex-specific methylation differences in the liver as well as in other human tissues. Furthermore, this sex-specific methylation profile in liver was associated with hepatic gene expression changes between males and females. Notably, females showed higher HDL-cholesterol levels, which were associated with higher KDM6A expression and epigenetic differences in human liver. Accordingly, silencing of KDM6A in cultured liver cells reduced HDL-cholesterol levels and APOA1 expression, which is a major component of HDL particles. Conclusions Human liver has a sex-specific methylation profile in both the X-chromosome and autosomes, which associates with hepatic gene expression changes and HDL-cholesterol. We identified KDM6A as a novel target that regulates HDL-cholesterol levels.
A Study on the Effects of Teenagers' Social Environment Factors on Their Violent Behaviors

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of teenagers' life environment factors on their violent behaviors. For this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted for the teenagers living in 0 City within the central district. For data analysis, an SPSS Win 18.0 program was used to perform statistical analysis. As a result, teenagers' life environment factors were shown to have a significant effect on their violent behaviors. This study is greatly considered to become basic data to contribute to violence prevention through the analysis of life environment factors of teens.
Gene expression Bias in microRNA functional enrichment analysis

Motivation: Many studies have investigated the differential expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in disease states and between different treatments, tissues and developmental stages. Given a list of perturbed miRNAs, it is common to predict the shared pathways on which they act. The standard test for functional enrichment typically yields dozens of significantly enriched functional categories, many of which appear frequently in the analysis of apparently unrelated diseases and conditions. Results: We show that the most commonly used functional enrichment test is inappropriate for the analysis of sets of genes targeted by miRNAs. The hypergeometric distribution used by the standard method consistently results in significant P-values for functional enrichment for targets of randomly selected miRNAs, reflecting an underlying bias in the predicted gene targets of miRNAs as a whole. We developed an algorithm to measure enrichment using an empirical sampling approach, and applied this in a reanalysis of the gene ontology classes of targets of miRNA lists from 44 published studies. The vast majority of the miRNA target sets were not significantly enriched in any functional category after correction for bias. We therefore argue against continued use of the standard functional enrichment method for miRNA targets. Availability and implementation: A Python script implementing the empirical algorithm is freely available at http://sgjlab.org/empirical-go/. Contact: sam.griffiths-jones@manchester.ac. uk or janine.lamb@manchester.ac. uk Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Neurophysiological Basis of Multi-Scale Entropy of Brain Complexity and Its Relationship With Functional Connectivity

Recently, non-linear statistical measures such as multi-scale entropy (MSE) have been introduced as indices of the complexity of electrophysiology and fMRI time-series across multiple time scales. In this work, we investigated the neurophysiological underpinnings of complexity (MSE) of electrophysiology and fMRI signals and their relations to functional connectivity (FC). MSE and FC analyses were performed on simulated data using neural mass model based brain network model with the Brain Dynamics Toolbox, on animal models with concurrent recording of fMRI and electrophysiology in conjunction with pharmacological manipulations, and on resting-state fMRI data from the Human Connectome Project. Our results show that the complexity of regional electrophysiology and fMRI signals is positively correlated with network FC. The associations between MSE and FC are dependent on the temporal scales or frequencies, with higher associations between MSE and FC at lower temporal frequencies. Our results from theoretical modeling, animal experiment and human fMRI indicate that (1) Regional neural complexity and network FC may be two related aspects of brain's information processing: the more complex regional neural activity, the higher FC this region has with other brain regions; (2) MSE at high and low frequencies may represent local and distributed information processing across brain regions. Based on literature and our data, we propose that the complexity of regional neural signals may serve as an index of the brain's capacity of information processing—increased complexity may indicate greater transition or exploration between different states of brain networks, thereby a greater propensity for information processing.
A Multiscale Progressive Failure Modeling Methodology for Composites that Includes Fiber Strength Stochastics

A multiscale modeling methodology was developed for continuous fiber composites that incorporates a statistical distribution of fiber strengths into coupled multiscale micromechanics/finite element (FE) analyses. A modified two-parameter Weibull cumulative distribution function, which accounts for the effect of fiber length on the probability of failure, was used to characterize the statistical distribution of fiber strengths. A parametric study using the NASA Micromechanics Analysis Code with the Generalized Method of Cells (MAC/GMC) was performed to assess the effect of variable fiber strengths on local composite failure within a repeating unit cell (RUC) and subsequent global failure. The NASA code FEAMAC and the ABAQUS finite element solver were used to analyze the progressive failure of a unidirectional SCS-6/TIMETAL 21S metal matrix composite tensile dogbone specimen at 650 degC. Multiscale progressive failure analyses were performed to quantify the effect of spatially varying fiber strengths on the RUC-averaged and global stress-strain responses and failure. The ultimate composite strengths and distribution of failure locations (predominately within the gage section) reasonably matched the experimentally observed failure behavior. The predicted composite failure behavior suggests that use of macroscale models that exploit global geometric symmetries are inappropriate for cases where the actual distribution of local fiber strengths displays no such symmetries. This issue has not received much attention in the literature. Moreover, the model discretization at a specific length scale can have a profound effect on the computational costs associated with multiscale simulations.models that yield accurate yet tractable results.
Principles and Patterns of Bat Movements: From Aerodynamics to Ecology

Movement ecology as an integrative discipline has advanced associated fields because it presents not only a conceptual framework for understanding movement principles but also helps formulate predictions about the consequences of movements for animals and their environments. Here, we synthesize recent studies on principles and patterns of bat movements in context of the movement ecology paradigm. The motion capacity of bats is defined by their highly articulated, flexible wings. Power production during flight follows a U-shaped curve in relation to speed in bats yet, in contrast to birds, bats use mostly exogenous nutrients for sustained flight. The navigation capacity of most bats is dominated by the echolocation system, yet other sensory modalities, including an iron-based magnetic sense, may contribute to navigation depending on a bat’s familiarity with the terrain. Patterns derived from these capacities relate to antagonistic and mutualistic interactions with food items. The navigation capacity of bats may influence their sociality, in particular, the extent of group foraging based on eavesdropping on conspecifics’ echolocation calls. We infer that understanding the movement ecology of bats within the framework of the movement ecology paradigm provides new insights into ecological processes mediated by bats, from ecosystem services to diseases.
Research on College Students' Psychological Crisis Intervention in the Context of Big Data

Early warning and intervention of college students' psychological crisis are becoming an important subject to college mental health education. However, there is a lack of relevance and effectiveness in warning and intervention of college students' psychological crisis. With the development of big data mining techniques, the application of using big data technology in the early warning and intervention of college students' psychological crisis will improve the accuracy of college students' psychological crisis detection and establish an effective model of crisis early warning in order to make risk intervention in time. This paper discusses the application of big data in the field of the early warning and intervention of college students 'psychological crisis and establishes an effective countermeasure of early warning and intervention of psychological crisis and builds the mental health education team so as to dynamically grasp the condition of their psychological health to effectively develop mental health education.
Risks and Benefits of Ultrasound, Nerve Stimulation, and Their Combination for Guiding Peripheral Nerve Blocks: A Retrospective Registry Analysis

BACKGROUND: Ultrasound, nerve stimulation, and their combination are all considered acceptable ways to guide peripheral nerve blocks. Which approach is most effective and associated with the fewest complications is unknown. We therefore used a large registry to analyze whether there are differences in vascular punctures, multiple skin punctures, and unintended paresthesia. METHODS: Twenty-six thousand seven hundred and thirty-three cases were extracted from the 25-center German Network for Regional Anesthesia registry between 2007 and 2016 and grouped into ultrasound-guided puncture (n = 10,380), ultrasound combined with nerve stimulation (n=8173), and nerve stimulation alone (n = 8180). The primary outcomes of vascular puncture, multiple skin punctures, and unintended paresthesia during insertion were compared with conditional logistic regression after 1:1:1 propensity score matching. Results are presented as odds ratios and 95% CIs. RESULTS: Propensity matching successfully paired 2508 patients with ultrasound alone (24% of 10,380 patients), 2508 patients with a combination of ultrasound/nerve stimulation (31% of 8173 patients), and 2508 patients with nerve stimulation alone (31% of 8180 patients). After matching, no variable was imbalanced (standardized differences <0.1). Compared with ultrasound guidance alone, the odds of multiple skin punctures (2.2 [1.7–2.8]; P < .001) and vascular puncture (2.7 [1.6–4.5]; P < .001) were higher with nerve stimulation alone, and the odds for unintended paresthesia were lower with nerve stimulation alone (0.3 [0.1–0.7]; P = .03). The combined use of ultrasound/nerve stimulation showed higher odds of multiple skin punctures (1.5 [1.2–1.9]; P = .001) and lower odds of unintended paresthesia (0.4 [0.2–0.8]; P = .007) compared with ultrasound alone. Comparing the combined use of ultrasound/nerve stimulation with ultrasound alone, the odds for vascular puncture (1.3 [0.7–2.2]; P = .4) did not differ significantly. Systemic toxicity of local anesthetics was not observed in any patient with ultrasound guidance alone, in 1 patient with the combined use of ultrasound and nerve stimulation, and in 1 patient with nerve stimulation alone. CONCLUSIONS: Use of ultrasound alone reduced the odds of vascular and multiple skin punctures. However, the sole use of ultrasound increases the odds of paresthesia.
Classical realizability as a classifier for nondeterminism

We show how the language of Krivine's classical realizability may be used to specify various forms of nondeterminism and relate them with properties of realizability models. More specifically, we introduce an abstract notion of multi-evaluation relation which allows us to finely describe various nondeterministic behaviours. This defines a hierarchy of computational models, ordered by their degree of nondeterminism, similar to Sazonov's degrees of parallelism. What we show is a duality between the structure of the characteristic Boolean algebra of a realizability model and the degree of nondeterminism in its underlying computational model.
A panoramic overview on fast encryption techniques for outsourced data in mobile cloud computing environment

Nowadays, Cloud computing is an emerging internet based computing system, which enables users to remotely store their data in a server and provide services according to their need. Many of the devices which uses cloud computing are mobile these days. Here data security and privacy became the major issues in this contest. A secure data access control mechanism must be provided before cloud users as most of the users have to outsource sensitive data to the cloud for storage. In recent days many of the MNCs and other famous organization uses the cloud services for data sharing, data storage, data manipulation etc. As there are lots of confidential corporate data being shared on cloud servers, it is very important to provide an efficient encryption system to encrypt outsourced data with a fine-grained access control. In the cloud environment encryption can be the best option to secure data out there and such data can be either Private data or Public data. The public data can be shared among trusted clients that provide an open environment to connect with organization or with the data owner. Private data is client's confidential data and it need more security and privacy so the data must be transferred in encrypted form. In this paper we can see the different encryption techniques and its variants which are currently being used also the possible future works which can be improvised to develop a better security and privacy oriented encryption techniques is discussed.
Ranking Archived Documents for Structured Queries on Semantic Layers

Archived collections of documents (like newspaper and web archives) serve as important information sources in a variety of disciplines, including Digital Humanities, Historical Science, and Journalism. However, the absence of efficient and meaningful exploration methods still remains a major hurdle in the way of turning them into usable sources of information. A semantic layer is an RDF graph that describes metadata and semantic information about a collection of archived documents, which in turn can be queried through a semantic query language (SPARQL). This allows running advanced queries by combining metadata of the documents (like publication date) and content-based semantic information (like entities mentioned in the documents). However, the results returned by such structured queries can be numerous and moreover they all equally match the query. In this paper, we deal with this problem and formalize the task of ranking archived documents for structured queries on semantic layers. Then, we propose two ranking models for the problem at hand which jointly consider: i) the relativeness of documents to entities, ii) the timeliness of documents, and iii) the temporal relations among the entities. The experimental results on a new evaluation dataset show the effectiveness of the proposed models and allow us to understand their limitations.
Three-Level Quasi-Switched Boost T-Type Inverter: Analysis, PWM Control, and Verification

In this paper, a three-level quasi-switched boost T-type inverter (3L qSBT2I) is proposed. A new pulse-width modulated (PWM) control method is presented to reduce the inductor current ripple of the qSBT2 I. In the introduced PWM technique, the shoot-through duty cycle is maintained constant to keep the modulation index as high as possible. Then, the only control parameters of the qSBT2I are the duty cycles of the two additional switches. By controlling the duty cycles of the two additional switches, the voltage gain of the proposed qSBT2 I can be improved to a value larger than that of the conventional 3L impedance source inverters. The steady-state analysis, operating principles, and comparisons with the impedance source-based 3L inverters are presented. A 1-kW prototype is constructed to verify the operating principle of the 3L qSBT2I. An indirect dc-link voltage regulator and a capacitor voltage-balance controller are applied to the proposed qSBT2I. Simulation and experimental results are presented.
What's new in atopic eczema? An analysis of systematic reviews published in 2015. Part 2: prevention and treatment

This review forms part of a series of annual updates that summarize the evidence base for atopic eczema (AE), providing a succinct guide for clinicians and patients. It provides a summary of key findings from 26 systematic reviews that were published during 2015, and focuses on the treatment and prevention of AE. For systematic reviews on the epidemiology and methodological issues, see Part 1 of this update. Topical corticosteroid withdrawal syndrome, ‘steroid addiction’, has been evaluated in a high‐quality systematic review, which helps better define this entity and the risk factors for it. A Cochrane Review has not demonstrated any association between topical corticosteroid use in pregnancy and adverse outcomes, although very large quantities of potent/very potent topical corticosteroids may be associated with reduced birth weight. House dust mite avoidance strategies do not appear to prevent AE. Exposure to probiotics prenatally and in early infancy may help prevent AE, but there is no evidence that maternal diet or supplementation has a preventative effect.
An Automated Method to Extract Three-Dimensional Position Data Using an Infrared Time-of-Flight Camera

Traditional motion capture systems can be prohibitive in healthcare settings from time, cost, space and user-expertise perspectives. Ideally, movement analysis technologies for healthcare should be low-cost, quick, simple and usable in small spaces. This study demonstrates a simple, low-cost and close-range time-of-flight depth-camera system, for automatic gait analysis. A method to automatically track three-dimensional position and orientation of retro-reflective marker-triads in real-time was developed. A marker-triad was applied to a participant (self-selected walking pace): thigh angle (wrt. global-vertical) was calculated. Trials were concurrently recorded using a motion capture system. Root-mean-square error was 2.5°, 1.3° and 2.2° for depth-camera distances of 0.8 m, 1.1 m and 1.4 m respectively. Results indicate that walking distances of 1.1 m are optimal for the current system. Further development and investigation into potential healthcare applications (e.g., low-cost, close-range gait analysis) is warranted.