Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mutational Homogeneity in Melanoma BRAFV 600 E and NRASQ 61 R Homogeneity in Melanoma Tumors

TO THE EDITOR We read with interest the study by Riveiro-Falkenbach et al. (2015) reporting a strong intraand intertumor homogeneity of BRAFV600E mutation in melanoma samples. In their study, the authors demonstrated that adding immunohistochemistry (IHC) with a BRAFV600E mutationspecific antibody (clone VE1) to routine molecular methods (Cobas 4800 BRAFV600 test in their study) avoided false-negative results in the detection of this particular BRAF mutation. Some studies reported remarkable rates of intraand intertumor heterogeneity of BRAF mutations in melanoma tumors (Bradish et al., 2015; Colombino et al., 2012; Yancovitz et al., 2012). To the contrary, other studies demonstrated a high homogeneity in the expression of the BRAFV600E mutant protein, using notably BRAFV600E IHC, between and within melanoma samples (Boursault et al., 2013; Long et al., 2013; Menzies et al., 2014). RiveiroFalkenbach et al. hypothesized that the false negativity of the molecular methods in the detection of BRAFV600 mutation would be responsible for most of the reported BRAFV600 mutational heterogeneity between paired tumor samples in patients with metastatic melanomas. Indeed, in our daily practice of BRAF analysis, using pyrosequencing andBRAFV600E IHC,wehave to date encountered no intertumor discrepancy in patients with multiple melanoma samples (25 patients). This supports the conclusions by RiveiroFalkenbach et al. As hypothesized by many authors, true intertumoral discrepant BRAF mutational status would reflect more the existence of two different primary melanomas with different mutational status and independent evolutions rather than the BRAFV600 mutational evolution of a melanoma during its
Animal Source Foods to Improve Micronutrient Nutrition and Human Function in Developing Countries Sociocultural and Household Factors Impacting on the Selection , Allocation and Consumption of Animal Source Foods : Current Knowledge and Application 1

This paper reviews the literature on cultural and household level constraints on the consumption of animal source foods (ASF). Food proscriptions do not appear to significantly limit food consumption in the areas where this question has been examined, with the possible exception of adult women in some settings. Preferential food allocation patterns, based on economic contribution, social valuation and other factors do play a role in limiting the intake of animal source foods for children and women in some settings. Economic factors limit access to ASF at the household level. Child care patterns in different cultural settings can also serve to enhance or limit the consumption of ASF. Social marketing and positive deviance approaches have had some success in increasing the intake of ASF by using formative research and participatory approaches. The paper concludes with a series of research questions for further investigation. J. Nutr. 133: 4036S–4041S, 2003.
Characterization of ABC Multidrug Transporters AQ 4 at a Single Cell Level

ABC multidrug transporters are key players in cancer multidrug resistance and in determining the ADME-Tox properties of drugs and xenobiotics. The most sensitive and specific detection of these transporters is based on functional assays. Assessment of the transporter-dependent reduction of cellular uptake of the fluorescent dyes, such as Hoechst 33342 (Ho) and more recently DyeCycle Violet (DCV), have been widely advocated for the characterization of both ABCB1 and ABCG2 multidrug transporters. Detailed comparison of these supravital DNA-binding dyes revealed that DCV is less toxic to ABCG2and ABCB1-expressing cells than Ho. ATPase measurements imply that DCV and Ho are similarly handled by ABCB1, whereas ABCG2 seems to transport DVC more effectively. In addition, we have developed an image-based high content microscopy screening method for simultaneous in situ measurement of the cellular activity and expression of the ABCG2 multidrug transporter. We demonstrated the applicability of this method for identifying ABCG2-positive cells in heterogeneous cell population by a single dye uptake measurement. These results may promote multidrug transporter studies at a single cell level and allow the quantitative detection of clinically important drug-resistant sub-populations. VC 2016 International Society for Advancement of
Psychological interventions for symptomatic management of non-specific chest pain in patients with normal coronary anatomy.

BACKGROUND Recurrent chest pain in the absence of coronary artery disease is a common problem that sometimes leads to excess use of medical care. Although many studies examine the causes of pain in these patients, few clinical trials have evaluated treatment. The studies reviewed in this paper provide an insight into the effectiveness of psychological interventions for this group of patients. OBJECTIVES To update the previously published systematic review. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane LIbrary (CENTRAL and DARE) (Issue 3 of 4 2011), MEDLINE (1966 to August Week 5, 2011), CINAHL (1982 to Sept 2011) EMBASE (1980 to Week 35 2011), PsycINFO (1887 to Sept Week 1, 2011), and Biological Abstracts (January 1980 to Sept 2011). We also searched citation lists and approached authors. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with standardised outcome methodology that tested any form of psychotherapy for chest pain with normal anatomy. Diagnoses included non-specific chest pain (NSCP), atypical chest pain, syndrome X, or chest pain with normal coronary anatomy (as either inpatients or outpatients). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently selected studies for inclusion, extracted data and assessed quality of studies. The authors contacted trial authors for further information about the RCTs included. MAIN RESULTS Six new RCTs were located and added to the existing trials, therefore, a total of 15 RCTs (803 participants) were included. There was a significant reduction in reports of chest pain in the first three months following the intervention; fixed-effect relative risk = 0.68 (95% CI 0.57 to 0.81). This was maintained from three to nine months afterwards; relative risk = 0.59 (95% CI 0.45 to 0.76). There was also a significant increase in the number of chest pain free days up to three months following the intervention; mean difference = 2.81 (95% CI 1.28 to 4.34). This was associated with reduced chest pain frequency (random-effects mean difference = -2.26 95% CI -4.41 to -0.12) but there was no evidence of effect of treatment on chest pain frequency from three to twelve months (random-effects mean difference -0.81 95% CI -2.35, 0.74). There was no effect on severity (random-effects mean difference = -4.64 (95% CI -12.18 to 2.89) up to three months after the intervention. Overall there was generally a low risk of bias, however, there was high heterogeneity and caution is required in interpreting these results. Wide variability in outcome measures made integration of studies for secondary outcome measures difficult to report on. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS This review suggests a modest to moderate benefit for psychological interventions, particularly those using a cognitive-behavioural framework, which was largely restricted to the first three months after the intervention. Hypnotherapy is also a possible alternative. The evidence for brief interventions was less clear. Further RCTs of psychological interventions for NSCP with follow-up periods of at least 12 months are needed.
Si and C interactions in the world ocean: Importance of ecological processes and implications for the role of diatoms in the biological pump

Diatoms play a major role in carbon export from surface waters, but their role in the transport of carbon to the deep sea has been questioned by global analyses of sediment trap fluxes which suggest that organic carbon fluxes and transfer efficiencies through the mesopelagic are tightly correlated with CaCO3 (Klaas and Archer, 2002; François et al., 2002). Here we explore the role of diatoms in the biological pump through a study of Si and C interactions from the molecular to the global scale. Recent findings on molecular interactions between Si and C are reviewed. The roles of bacteria, grazers and aggregation are explored and combined, to account for the extent of Si and C decoupling between surface waters and 1000 m, observed to be very homogeneous in different biogeochemical provinces of the ocean. It is suggested that the mesopelagic food web plays a crucial role in this homogeneity: Sites of high export are also sites where diatom C is being either remineralized or channeled toward the long‐lived carbon pool most efficiently in the mesopelagic zone. The amount of carbon participating in the biological pump but not collected in sediment traps remains to be explored. It is also demonstrated that statistical analyses performed at global scales hide spatial variability in carrying coefficients, indicating a clear need to understand the mechanisms that control spatial and temporal variations in the relative importance of ballast minerals and other export mechanisms such as particle dynamics.
Time Scales of Crystal Fractionation in Magma Chambers—Integrating Physical, Isotopic and Geochemical Perspectives

A simple heat balance model for an evolving magma chamber is used to make predictions of the time scales for magma differentiation, which are compared with geological and isotopic constraints on the rates of crystallization and differentiation. In a 10 km3 magma chamber releasing thermal energy at a rate of 100 MW, basalt and rhyolite magmas should reach 50% crystallization after 2500 and <1500 years, respectively. The tendency for phenocrysts to remain suspended in a cooling magma increases with melt viscosity and hence the degree of magma differentiation. The time scales of crystallization and differentiation may be estimated on the basis of the U-series isotope compositions of separated crystals and bulk rocks, crystal size distributions, and trace element and Sr isotope profiles in phenocryst phases. The last of these indicate crystal residence ages in the melt of tens of years up to 100 years. Short residence and even differentiation times are also obtained from Ra–Th isotope studies of alkali feldspars, and rocks that experienced alkali feldspar fractionation. However, much older ages of 103–105 years for separated phases have been reported from recent volcanic centres in St Vincent in the Lesser Antilles, Vesuvius in Italy, the Kenya Rift Valley and Long Valley, California. These old crystal ages are all from relatively evolved igneous rocks, as predicted from their higher melt viscosities and simple models of cooling and crystal settling. However, the old ages are also typically obtained for complex minerals that are not in bulk equilibrium with their host rocks, and so, apart from offering a minimum estimate of the age of the particular magmatic system, their significance for models of differentiation of the host magmas is not clear. An alternative approach is therefore to determine the variations in U–Th–Ra isotope compositions of bulk rocks reflecting different degrees of magma differentiation, and such data indicate that differentiation in more mafic magmas takes much longer than in more evolved magmas. For example, 50% fractional crystallization of basanite to produce phonolite on Tenerife took 105 years, whereas a further 50% fractional crystallization to generate the more evolved phonolites occurred within a few hundred years of eruption. On Tenerife the more mafic magmas fractionated at greater depths, and the rates of fractional crystallization were higher in the more evolved magmas studied. This is readily explained by a cooling model in which a large volume of primitive magma deep in the crust has a longer cooling time than a smaller body of differentiated magma at shallower depths in the crust.
The occurrence of hypothermia in nestlings of the European Storm- petrel Hydrobates pelagicus

Although Procellariiform nestlings develop independent endothermic thermoregulation at an early age, they may not be able to meet the high energetic costs of maintaining a constant high body temperature during prolonged periods of fasting or cold exposure. The ability to reduce body temperature and enter torpor could therefore represent an important survival strategy in the Procellariiformes. It is widely acknowledged that Procellariiform chicks have the ability to reduce their energy requirements and enter a state of torpor, yet there are few (mainly brief) documented observations of hypothermia in Procellariiform young, while some authors have found little or no evidence for hypothermic responses. Here, I describe incidental observations of hypothermia in nestlings of the European Storm-petrel Hydrobates pelagicus. (Less)
Terminal for Remote Sensing in Tax Administration

Reform and modernization of tax administration based on the extensive use of ICT is one of the key elements of the overall transition of the Republic of Serbia into the modern information society. The introduction of modern information systems increases the quality of services and improve efficiency, transparency, accountability and effectiveness of tax administration, all in order to ensure effective collection of taxes. Information technology allows the tax administration to more easily manage the tax system, through the establishment of rapid access to important information about the risks of managing and providing a higher degree of transparency of internal processes, thereby reducing risks to the administration. With a terminal for remote sensing, it is possible to get in a relatively short period of time information on all taxpayers who have not timely filed tax return or made a payment of tax.
A Rapid Approach for Characterisation of Thiol-Conjugated ADCs and Calcu- lation of Drug-Antibody Ratio by LC-MS

We present the demonstration of a rapid “middle-up” LC-MS based workflow for use in the characterisation of thiol-conjugated maleimidocaproyl-monomethyl Auristatin F (mcMMAF) and valine-citrulline-monomethyl Auristatin E (vcMMAE) antibodydrug conjugates. Deconvoluted spectra were generated following a combination of deglycosylation, IdeS digestion and reduction steps which provide a visual representation of the product for rapid lot-to-lot comparison; a means to quickly assess the integrity of the antibody structure and the applied conjugation chemistry by mass. The relative abundance of the detected ions also offer information regarding differences in drug conjugation levels between samples and average drug-antibody ratio can be calculated. The approach requires little material (<100μg) and is thus amenable to small scale process development testing or as an early component of a complete characterisation project facilitating informed decision making regarding which aspects of a molecule may need to be examined in more detail by orthogonal methodologies.
OP-LLCJ130019 218..233

In this article I develop a set of simple algorithms for deriving syllable count information for words from fixed-meter poetry. The focus is on the determination of what features of language or meter might be most useful. I therefore first review what factors might be useful for this, selecting those that require as little information as possible about the language in question and making as few computational demands as possible. We end up with algorithms based on: (i) the number of syllables in each line, (ii) the number of words in each line, (iii) the number of letters in those words, and (iv) the frequency of those words. I test these algorithms on corpora from English and Welsh, getting parallel results in both cases. The results establish that the variables I identify do have significant success in deriving syllable count, but that work remains to be done.
Fuzzy Logic Corner On White ’ s Expansion of Łukasiewicz Logic

A variant of Łukasiewicz logic defined in a remark in White’s 1979 paper on the consistency of the axiom of comprehension in the infinite-valued predicate logic of Łukasiewicz is studied; it is shown that the logic in question is an interesting expansion of Łukasiewicz logic which deserves further investigation together with its further expansions. Several formulas are proved in it and some model theory is offered. In the Appendix A, it is shown that a set theory with full comprehension over this logic (claimed consistent by White) is contradictory.
Combining remotely sensed spectral data and digital surface models for fine-scale modelling of mire ecosystems

The detection and evaluation of changes in vegetation patterns is a prerequisite for monitoring programs. The Swiss mire monitoring program aims to assess the changes in mire vegetation in order to examine the efficiency of the management measures. A promising way to explore and detect vegetation structure and vegetation change is the application of predictive vegetation mapping that combines image classification and predictive habitat distribution models. These models deal with predictor variables derived from remotely sensed spectral data and from environmental variables such as a digital surface model (DSM). Low accuracy of environmental data to predict vegetation at the local scale is due to the difficulties to capture dominant fine-scale enironmental gradients. Using high resolution spectral and topographical data sets of 50 cm pixel size and below, the study presented here aims to improve the simulation of local-scale vegetation properties.
Effects of human–carnivore conflict on tiger (Panthera tigris) and prey populations in Lao PDR

Unique to South‐east Asia, Lao People's Democratic Republic contains extensive habitat for tigers and their prey within a multiple‐use protected area system covering 13% of the country. Although human population density is the lowest in the region, the impact of human occurrence in protected areas on tiger Panthera tigris and prey populations was unknown. We examined the effects of human–carnivore conflict on tiger and prey abundance and distribution in the Nam Et‐Phou Louey National Protected Area on the Lao–Vietnam border. We conducted intensive camera‐trap sampling of large carnivores and prey at varying levels of human population and monitored carnivore depredation of livestock across the protected area. The relative abundance of large ungulates was low throughout whereas that of small prey was significantly higher where human density was lower. The estimated tiger density for the sample area ranged from 0.2 to 0.7 per 100 km2. Tiger abundance was significantly lower where human population and disturbance were greater. Three factors, commercial poaching associated with livestock grazing followed by prey depletion and competition between large carnivores, are likely responsible for tiger abundance and distribution. Maintaining tigers in the country's protected areas will be dependent on the spatial separation of large carnivores and humans by modifying livestock husbandry practices and enforcing zoning.
The Assessment of the Relationship between Problematic Internet Use and Parent-Adolescent Relationship Quality, Loneliness, Anger, and Problem Solving Skills

The assessment of the relationship between problematic internet use and parent-adolescent relationship quality, loneliness, anger, and problem solving skills Objective: The main purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between problematic internet use, and parent-adolescent relationship quality, loneliness, anger, and problem solving skills. Another aim of the current study was to find out differences related to sociodemographic variables, such as gender and socioeconomic status in problematic internet use. Method: The sample was composed of 402 university students. Online Cognition Scale, Parent-Adolescent Relationship Quality Scale, UCLA Loneliness Scale, Problem Solving Inventory and Multidimensional Anger Inventory were used. The statistical analysis of data was conducted by using correlation analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multiple mediation model test (Bootstrap). Results: The results revealed that 16.4% of participants had high scores on problematic internet use, and spent 2.7 hours (SD=1.23) a day on the internet on average. Males had higher levels of problematic internet use when compared to females. The results of mediating effects of anger, problem solving, and loneliness on relationship quality between parent-adolescents, and problematic internet use revealed that these variables partially mediated the relationship between negative mother-adolescent relationship and problematic internet use. Discussion: These results provide helpful tips that can be used in the prevention and intervention programs related to problematic internet use. Psychological counseling and psychotherapy in practice may include strengthening the relationship between adolescents with problematic internet use and their parents. Moreover, following the assessment of their loneliness, and anger levels, and problem solving skills, interventions related to communications skills, anger management, and problem solving approaches may decrease their problematic internet use.
Towards a Participatory Integrated Assessment Approach for Planning and Managing Natura 2000 Network Sites

Managing protected areas implies dealing with complex social-ecological systems where multiple dimensions (social, institutional, economic and ecological) interact over time for the delivery of ecosystem services. Uni-dimensional and top-down management approaches have been unable to capture this complexity. Instead, new integrated approaches that acknowledge the diversity of social actors in the decision making process are required. In this paper we put forward a novel participatory assessment approach which integrates multiple methodologies to reflect different value articulating institutions in the case of a Natura 2000 network site in the Basque Country. It integrates within a social multi-criteria evaluation framework, both the economic values of ecosystem services through a choice experiment model and ecological values by means of a spatial bio-geographic assessment. By capturing confronting social and institutional conflicts in protected areas the participatory integrated assessment approach presented here can help decision makers for better planning and managing Natura 2000 sites.