Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Providing Spatial Data for Secondary Analysis

Abstract Spatially explicit data pose a series of opportunities and challenges for all the actors involved inproviding data for long-term preservation and secondary analysis -- the data producer, the dataarchive, and the data user. We report on opportunities and challenges for each of the three players,and then turn to a summary of current thinking about how best to prepare, archive, disseminate, andmake use of social science data that have spatially explicit identification. The core issue that runsthrough the paper is the risk of the disclosure of the identity of respondents. If we know where theylive, where they work, or where they own property, it is possible to find out who they are. Thoseinvolved in collecting, archiving, and using data need to be aware of the risks of disclosure andbecome familiar with best practices to avoid disclosures that will be harmful to respondents. Keywords archives; confidentiality; data; disclosure; locationThis paper is about the challenges involved in producing, archiving, and sharing social sciencedata that have spatially explicit information embedded within them, all while avoiding the riskof disclosing private information about the individuals who have consented to shareinformation about themselves, in the case of survey research, or who are part of the universeof individuals included in an administrative record system or database. It takes as its startingpoint the perspective of the data archivist, but it tries to maintain a clear understanding of thecompeting interests of the data producer, the data user, the survey respondent, and the managerof the data repository, not to mention whatever organization has provided the resources requiredto collect, clean, document, and disseminate the data. Like others who are concerned aboutprotecting the confidentiality of survey respondents, we are acutely aware that the wealth ofinformation publicly available today increases the risk that someone will breach the promiseof confidentiality that is made when most social science data are collected. Spatially explicitdata, because they are by definition linked to a specific location that might be someone’s homeor another easily identifiable place, have the potential to aggravate that risk. Our goal here isto describe many of the issues, identify some of the ways that confidentiality can be protected,and then draw conclusions about current best practices.
Microarray analysis of microRNA expression in peripheral blood cells of systemic lupus erythematosus patients

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNA molecules of 21—24 nt that regulate the expression of target genes in a post-transcriptional manner. Evidence indicates that miRNAs play essential roles in embryogenesis, cell differentiation and pathogenesis of human diseases. This study describes a comparison between the miRNA profile of the systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and the controls to develop further understanding of the pathogenesis of SLE. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from blood samples of 23 SLE patients, 10 idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura patients and 10 healthy controls. The miRNA microarray chip analysis identified 16 miRNAs differentially expressed in SLE. The chip results were confirmed by northern blot analysis. This work indicates that miRNAs are potential diagnosis biomarkers and probable factors involved in the pathogenesis of SLE. Lupus (2007) 16, 936—946.
Cicatrising conjunctivitis with anti-basement membrane autoantibodies in ectodermal dysplasia

Aims: To report circulating and mucosa-deposited anti-basement membrane zone autoantibodies in a series of six ectodermal dysplasia patients with severe bilateral cicatrising conjunctivitis and blindness due to both corneal disease and intractable surface inflammation. We also report clinical improvement with steroid-sparing systemic immunosuppression combined with clearance of bacterial colonisation. Methods: Conjunctival and buccal immunohistopathology, and serological analysis using a panel of epithelial basement membrane zone proteins including the bullous pemphigoid antigen 180 (BP180) were carried out as part of an ocular pemphigoid work-up in each patient. The degree of photophobia, conjunctival inflammation and visual acuity were monitored to evaluate the response to immunosuppression. The mean duration of follow-up was 31 (SD 6) months. Results: Four of the six patients showed positive immunopathology: direct immunofluorescence testing of the conjunctiva in one patient demonstrated linear IgA deposition along the basement membrane zone, and IgG and IgM in the buccal mucosa of another patient. Circulating autoantibodies to BP180 were detected in two other patients. Treatment with systemic immunosuppression, combined with clearance of bacterial colonisation, reduced the severity of photophobia and degree of conjunctival inflammation in 5/6 (83%) patients. Conclusions: Systemic immunosuppression, used as steroid-sparing therapy, combined with clearance of bacterial colonisation can control inflammation and disabling photophobia, and allow improvement in vision, in a subgroup of ectodermal dysplasia patients who have severe cicatrising conjunctivitis which shares clinical and immunopathological features with ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid.
Time course of the membrane current underlying sensory transduction in salamander olfactory receptor neurones.

1. Odour elicited currents in freshly isolated olfactory receptor neurones were analysed using the whole‐cell patch‐clamp technique. Brief pulses (35‐50 ms) and steps (100 ms‐5 s) of odour solution were delivered by pressure ejection from a nearby micropipette. 2. Pulses of odour solution directed at the cell induced an inward depolarizing current of 50‐750 pA leading to the generation of action potentials. The I‐V relation for this current was linear over the range ‐60‐(+)20 mV and showed a reversal potential of +5 mV. The magnitude of the current increased with stimulus strength, for a given pulse duration, over approximately one decade of concentration change. 3. Pulses of odour solution focally delivered to the cilia elicited a large response, but those directed toward the soma did not. Conversely pulses of K+ solution at the cilia failed to evoke any response while those directed at the dendrite and soma elicited an inward clamp current. This provides direct evidence that odour sensitivity is localized mainly to the cilia and possibly the distal dendrite. 4. The odour elicited current activated with a long latency of 150‐600 ms after the odour solution arrived at the cell. This latency, as well as the time‐to‐peak and the rise half‐time, were relatively independent of stimulus concentration, changing less than 25% over the entire concentration range of stimulus sensitivity. These observations are consistent with the participation of a second messenger system in olfactory transduction. 5. For brief stimulus pulses less than 100 ms, the stimulus diffused away before the odour response current reached its peak value, so that the peak and decay of the odour response occurred in the absence of significant odour stimulus. The time course of the current decay was fitted by a single exponential with a time constant that was concentration dependent, varying from 0.8 to 1.3 s. 6. For longer steps of stimulus presentation, up to 1 s, the magnitude of the response current became a function of the duration of the pulse as well as the stimulus concentration, indicating that the transduction process involved an integrating step. This is consistent with the idea that the odour elicited current is the result of the summation of many smaller unitary events. From responses to weak stimulation an integration period of 700‐1000 ms was calculated. 7. During prolonged steps of maintained stimulus presentation (greater than 5 s) the odour elicited current was transient. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A Double-Edged Sword: A Review of Benefits and Risks of Online Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Activities.

OBJECTIVE This review aimed to synthesize current evidence on the perceived benefits and risks of online activity pertinent to nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). METHOD A systematic literature search was conducted to identify peer-reviewed articles, which yielded a total of 27 articles published between 2005 and 2015. Following this, a thematic analysis was employed to identify perceived benefits and risks of online NSSI activity. RESULTS Our thematic analysis identified 4 potential benefits (mitigation of social isolation, recovery encouragement, emotional self-disclosure, curbing NSSI urges) and 3 potential risks (NSSI reinforcement, triggering NSSI urges, stigmatization of NSSI) associated with online NSSI activities. CONCLUSION Given the double-edged effect of online NSSI activities, clinicians may benefit from incorporating clients' online NSSI activity in the context of NSSI assessment and treatment. Future research ought to directly examine the link between online NSSI activity and NSSI behavior to better understand the nature of these benefits and risks.
Theoretic and Experimental Approach to the Adoption of Bonded Magnets in Fractional Machines for Automotive Applications

This paper aims to tackle the general problem of increasing the performances of small permanent-magnet (PM) machines, through the use of bonded magnets instead of the more diffused ferrite magnets. In particular, the study is developed for a fractional-slot concentrated winding PM machines for automotive applications. Neodymium bonded magnets with different and unconventional resins are realized in the internal laboratories. The rotors with the different magnet technologies are experimentally characterized, and the experimental values are compared with the simulation ones. The obtained results allow to define the possible performance increment. Finally, this paper analyzes the possible improvement of the rotor magnetic circuit for a better exploitation of the bonded magnets, without altering the stator structure and the motor housing.
Declining mortality from bladder cancer in Europe

To update trends in bladder cancer mortality in 32 European countries and the European Union (EU) as a whole, as mortality from bladder cancer has been declining in most of Western Europe since the early 1990s, but it has still been increasing in several central and eastern European countries up to the mid 1990s.
INFECTIONS OF GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIAE AND BORRELIA BURGDORFERI IN WHITE-TAILED DEER IN CONNECTICUT

Serum or whole blood samples, obtained from 141 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Connecticut (USA) during 1980, 1991, and 1996, were analyzed to detect past or current infections of Ehrlichia phagocytophila genogroup organisms and Borrelia burgdorferi. When the BDS or NCH-1 strains of granulocytic ehrlichiae were used separately in indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) staining methods, antibody positivity rates varied from 25 to 64% in 1991 and 1996, respectively. All 50 sera tested from 1980 collections were negative. Although percentages of sera with B. burgdorferi antibodies, as detected by an enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay, also differed (23 to 53%), there were coexisting antibodies to both bacteria in 20 (49%) of 41 sera. In tests on specificity, 19 deer sera with ehrlichial antibodies also were tested by IFA staining procedures for Anaplasma marginale antibodies; one serum with a titer of 1: 5,120 to ehrlichial antigen reacted to A. marginale antigen at a serum dilution of 1:320. In parallel analyses of 69 sera, results of Western blot analyses for ehrlichial infections in deer were concordant (72% agreement) with those of IFA staining methods containing ehrlichial antigen. All positive immunoblots showed bands to peptides of the NCH-1 strain of the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) agent having molecular masses of about 44, 105, or 110 kDa. In polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies of blood samples from 63 deer, 11(18%) specimens were positive for 16S ribosomal DNA of an Ehrlichia phagocytophila genogroup organism, whereas 23 (37%) samples were positive for the DNA of the 44 kDa gene of the HGE agent. White-tailed deer are exposed to different tick-borne bacteria in areas where Ixodes scapularis ticks are abundant and may, in some instances, have had concurrent infections.
Digital Carotid Compression: A Simple Method to Reduce Solid Cerebral Emboli During Cardiac Surgery.

OBJECTIVES Serious neurologic injury can be attributed to embolization of solid particles into cerebral vessels during cardiac surgery. Previous studies using transcranial Doppler (TCD) identified arterial cannulation and aortic declamping to be associated with cerebral embolization. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of transient compression of the carotid arteries during these maneuvers on the embolic load during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. DESIGN Prospective, randomized, clinical trial/pilot study. SETTING Single-center study at a university hospital. PARTICIPANTS Patients with multiple types of procedures were included and they were prospectively, randomly assigned to group I (n = 20, carotid compression during arterial cannulation and aortic declamping) and group II (n = 20, no carotid compression). INTERVENTIONS Bilateral continuous monitoring of the middle cerebral arteries was performed with a multirange, multifreqency transcranial Doppler (DopplerBoxX, DWL, Singen, Germany), allowing for discrimination between solid and gaseous emboli. For aortic cannulation the carotid arteries were compressed for 5 seconds and for declamping for 3 seconds, and microemboli signals were detected within the following 45 seconds. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS A reduction of intraoperative solid emboli was detected in group I compared with group II (26±16 v 38±18; p = 0.04). Looking specifically at the maneuver of arterial cannulation, the observed difference was 0.5±0.8 in group I versus 5.7±5.8 in group II (p<0.0001). During aortic declamping, 6.6±6.2 emboli were encountered in group I and 10.8±5.2 in group II (p = 0.02). The incidence of neurologic events was not significantly different between groups (2 patients in group II had pathologic changes on magnetic resonance imaging). CONCLUSIONS The data of this preliminary trial demonstrated that transient compression of the carotid arteries during arterial cannulation and aortic declamping led to a decreased number of solid cerebral emboli. Further prospective, randomized clinical studies should be undertaken to investigate the influence of transient carotid artery compression during specific surgical procedures.
Electromyographic and Kinematic Analysis of Cutting Maneuvers

The objective of this study was to qualitatively characterize quadriceps and hamstring muscle activation as well as to determine knee flexion angle during the eccentric motion of sidestep cutting, cross-cutting, stopping, and landing. Fifteen healthy collegiate and recreational athletes performed the four movements while knee angle and electromyographic activity (surface electrodes) of the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis obliquus, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, and medial hamstring (semimembranosus/semitendinosus) muscles were recorded. The results indicated that there is high-level quadriceps muscle activation beginning just before foot strike and peaking in mid-eccentric motion. In these maneuvers, the level of quadriceps muscle activation exceeded that seen in a maximum isometric contraction. Hamstring muscle activation was sub-maximal at and after foot strike. The maximum quadriceps muscle activation for all maneuvers was 161% maximum voluntary contraction, while minimum hamstring muscle activity was 14%. Foot strike occurred at an average of 22° of knee flexion for all maneuvers. This low level of hamstring muscle activity and low angle of knee flexion at foot strike and during eccentric contraction, coupled with forces generated by the quadriceps muscles at the knee, could produce significant anterior displacement of the tibia, which may play a role in anterior cruciate ligament injury.
Procollagen Alpha 1 Type I: A Potential Aide in Histopathological Grading of Glioma

Collagen type I production has been shown to play a role in malignant transformation. We examined procollagen type I expression in brain tumors and with histopathological grading. Expression levels of procollagen alpha 1 type 1 were determined in 5 glioma cell lines by RT-PCR, Northern, and Western blot analysis. In addition, 41 primary brain tumors and 2 metastatic lung cancers to the brain were examined by PCR. Of the 5 glioma cell line analyzed, 3 (glioma 1, SW-1783 and U-118) expressed procollagen alpha 1 type I and were sensitive to vitamin D3 (VD3). In contrast, 2 of the cell lines (U-373 and T-98G) lacked procollagen alpha 1 type 1 expression. In patients' samples, 14 of 15 anaplastic and low grade gliomas expressed procollagen alpha 1 type I, and 12 of the 14 expressed high levels. In contrast, only 12 of 21 high grade gliomas from patients expressed procollagen alpha 1 type1 and among these, only 4 of the 12 expressed high levels. Thus, there is an inversed correlation between procollagen alpha 1 type 1 expression and histopathological grading (R2 = − 0.56, p = 0.0005). Our data suggest that procollagen alpha 1 type I expression occurs more commonly in intermediate and low grade gliomas and may assist in histopathological grading.
Online Detection of Outliers in Clusters of Continuous Data Streaming

The proposal behind this article is the treatment and detection of outliers in the online phase of the data stream clustering algorithms. The main contribution of our proposal is the use of an auxiliary memory for storing the new stream objects that have not been inserted into any micro-cluster of the clustering model, as they do not hold sufficient similarity. From time to time, the auxiliary memory is verified, clustering their objects together, validating the micro-clusters formed by inliers and inserting them into the model. All the remaining objects that have not been validated are kept in the auxiliary memory until they become valid or obsolete. Then, obsolete objects are removed from it. This paper also proposes CluStreamOD, an improvement of the CluStream clustering algorithm, which deals with outliers using the proposed approach. The performed experiments show the effectiveness of CluStreamOD in detecting and dealing online with outliers from the stream, when compared to CluStream, and the potentiality of the proposed approach to be used in other micro-cluster based data stream algorithms.
Comparison of the Westmead PTA Scale and the Glasgow Coma Scale as predictors of neuropsychological outcome following extremely severe blunt head injury.

Sir: Spinal arachnoid cysts are a well recognised but uncommon cause of spinal cord compression. They typically present as a slowly progressive thoracic cord lesion in a young adult. '2 Extradural cysts at the thoracolumbar region are very rare.34 We report a case of extradural arachnoid cyst which presented as a very slowly progressive conus lesion in a man aged 77 years. An active 77 year old man presented with a ten year history of intermittent pain in the right heel. Standing precipitated pain which radiated to the sole and ankle and eventually limited walking to about 50 yards. Similar but milder symptoms had been present in the left foot for about a year. There was a past history of acute lumbar backache 40 years ago and 20 years previously he had undergone a transurethral resection of a prostatic carcinoma and was maintained on stilboestrol. He had no new urinary symptoms. Neurological examination one year prior to admission was normal apart from an absent right ankle reflex. On examination the cranial nerves and upper limbs were normal. There was no wasting in the legs but tone was increased at the right knee. The right knee jerk was pathologically brisk and the right ankle jerk was absent. The left ankle jerk was just present with reinforcement. Light touch and pain appreciation was reduced on the lateral aspect of the right foot and right lower leg. Proprioception was normal but vibration sense was absent at the right hallux. Straight leg raising was reduced to 60° on the right and 70° on the left. Spinal radiographs showed widening of the interpedicular distance at T ll-L2 with flattening of the lateral arch elements and posterior scalloping of the vertebral bodies. Myelography demonstrated forward displacement of the theca by a non opacified extradural lesion reducing the cephalad flow of contrast between Tl l-L2; computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (fig) and cyst puncture confirmed the presence of an extradural arachnoid cyst with a narrow neck at its upper margin. On 24 April 1987 he underwent thoraco-lumbar laminectomy for excision of the cyst which extended along the nerve roots between TIO and LI. His postoperative course was complicated by a brain stem stroke producing left sided facial weakness, a left sixth nerve palsy and ataxia. This Fig MRI scan. TR 500 TE 40 spin echo sequence. Saggital view oflower thoracic and lumbar regions demonstrating a low density expansive mass indenting the thecafrom behind between Ti and L2.
Recruitment, retention and representation of nurses: an historical perspective.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To demonstrate how an appreciation of the history of nursing can help towards an understanding of present problems and provide signposts for the future and to consider the recruitment of nurses in the context of their social and economic status past and present. BACKGROUND In the twenty-first century, nursing has been subject to the gaze of the press and commentators evoking a lost golden age. A golden age when wonderful care was given by ideal young women and standards were upheld by matrons. History demonstrates that recruitment to nursing and their education has been the subject of comment by press and public through the twentieth century. DESIGN Sources consulted: Newspaper articles commentating on contemporary nursing, secondary works on history of nursing, archival sources, government reports and historical journals and oral histories. METHODS Analysis of archival sources and oral sources. Interrogating them against the historiography and building up the interconnectedness of what they reveal. RESULTS Flawed but nevertheless influential reports led to a misrepresentation of nursing based on misconceptions rather than on evidence. The blame was laid, unfairly, on the system of nurse education and senior nurses. What lay at the heart of the recruitment crises was that demand for registered nurses exceeded supply. CONCLUSION Commentators then as now tried to find simplistic answers rather than consider a range of factors contributing to the shortage of nursing. IMPLICATIONS FOR CONTEMPORARY PRACTICE/RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Nursing continues to compete in an overcrowded labour market. New approaches to recruitment have, contrary to popular perception, been successful in attracting outside its traditional labour pool. Having an awareness of the influences that have shaped the present can help nurses respond to polemic and misinformed opinion.