Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phytonutrient Profile of Purple Perilla (Perilla frutescens var. crispa) Seeds

To characterize phytonutrients, the seeds of 12 purple Perilla (Perilla frutescens var. crispa) accessions collected from Korea and Japan were used for quantitative analysis of tocopherols, phytosterols, squalene and fatty acids. The average tocopherol, squalene and phytosterols contents were 12.2 mg 100g -1 , 3.99 mg 100g -1 and 77.20 mg 100g -1 , respectively. Among 4 tocopherol (T) isomers (α-T, β-T, γ-T, and δ-T), γ-T was present in the highest quantity (11.03 mg 100g -1 ) with the least variation (CV = 13.7%), while β-T was present in lowest quantity (0.25 mg 100g -1 ). Compared to campesterol (4.36 mg 100g -1 ) and stigmasterol (13.32 mg 100g -1 ), β-sitosterol exhibited higher quantity (59.51 mg 100g -1 ) with 9.5% of variation. The major fatty acids were unsaturated fatty acids such as linolenic(61.5%), linoleic (17.3%), and oleic (9.9%) acids compared to saturated ones: palmitic (7.6%) and stearic (3.7%) acids. When Korean and Japanese accession were compared, almost no difference in content could be observed, while more variation as evaluated by CV (%) could be observed in Japanese accession in most phytonutrients suggesting wider genetic variation of purple Perilla in Japan. Presence of all above-mentioned phytonutrient compounds strongly suggested health beneficial value of purple Perilla seeds.
A molecular phylogeny of the tribe Aphidini (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae) based on the mitochondrial tRNA/COII, 12S/16S and the nuclear EF1α genes

Abstract A phylogeny of the tribe Aphidini (Hemiptera: Aphididae) was reconstructed from three gene fragments: two mitochondrial regions, partial tRNA‐leucine + cytochrome oxidase II (tRNA/COII), partial 12S rRNA + tRNA‐valine + 16S rRNA (12S/16S) and one nuclear gene, the elongation factor‐1 alpha (EF1α). Bayesian phylogenetic (BP) analyses were performed on each individual dataset of tRNA/COII, 12S/16S and EF1α, and maximum parsimony (MP), Bremer support test, maximum likelihood (ML) and BP analysis were performed on the combined dataset. After comparing our molecular phylogenetic results with the classic classification based on morphological and ecological data, we analysed three main issues: the monophyletic relationships among tribes and subtribes, the validities of the latest taxonomic positions of genera and species and the status of certain Aphis species groups. Our results indicate that 36 of the species analysed, with the exception of Cryptosiphum artemisiae, are clustered within the clade of Aphidini. Also, the 28 species representative of the subtribe Aphidina were separated from the eight species representative of Rhopalosiphina; each monophyletic subtribe was supported by significant P‐values in the combined analysis. According to our results, Cryptosiphum should be moved to Macrosiphini because it is more closely related to the genera Lipaphis and Brevicoryne. The genus Toxoptera was recovered as non‐monophyletic. In Rhopalosiphina, three genera, Hyalopterus, Rhopalosiphum and Schizaphis, were relatively closer to each other than to the genus Melanaphis. In the relationships between species‐groups among Aphis, most species were separated into two main lineages; the fabae group seemed to be more closely related to the spiraecola and craccivora group rather than to the gossypii group.
Observations on a Population of Small Marsupials in Tasmania

The marsupial fauna of Tasmania is well known from the taxonomic standpoint, and the geographical range of the species both in Tasmania and on the mainland of Australia is also known in some detail. However, the distribution of many of the marsupials within Tasmania is very imperfectly understood and there are many pressing problems in this regard yet to be solved. There has never been any attempt to investigate either the movements of individual animals or the microdistribution of one or more species in any one area of Tasmania. As far as I am aware the work being carried out at Canberra by Dunnet of C.S. I.R. O. is the only attempt at such studies in the southern or eastern States of Australia. The macrodistribution of several of our Tasmanian species has been worked out in more or less detail. The distribution of the brush possum, Trichosurus vulpecula , was described by Pearson (1938), Huxley (1938, 1942), and more recently by Guiler (1953) and Guiler and Ingram (1958). In all of these investigations the raw material on which the distribution curves were based was derived from fur industry statistics. The present survey is concerned with the microdistribution and movements of individuals of two species of small marsupials in a restricted area of Tasmania on the outskirts of Hobart. Several other species are found in the same area but they are outside the scope of the present investigation. The area chosen occupies about 80 acres on the top of a ridge to the south of Hobart in the suburb of Lower Sandy Bay. The area is native bush and it has the advantage of being located only 3 miles from the University and only 800 yards from my home. The whole area lies in one property owned by J. H. …
Taxonomic studies in Avena abyssinica and A. vaviloviana, and some related species1

This paper reports the use of micromorphologic attributes taken from the lodicules, epiblasts, and disarticulating scars for purposes of circu~nscription of the taxa associated with the names A. abyssinica and A. vaviloviat~a and their F1 hybrids, and also A, barbafa. Furthermore it is shown that the epiblast can serve as a good marker to distinguish between the hexaploid A. byzar~tina and the tetraploid A. abyssir~ica, especially for those cases where previously only the chromosome number could have served this purpose. From the micromorphological findings, some cytological data, and plant distributional data, the author decided to regard A. abyssir~ica, A. barbafa, and A. vaviloviar~a as separate species. The status of these species in previous classifications is compared with that proposed here. The many different classifications used in the past are attributed to the fact that no reliable diagnostic morphological markers were discovered by previous workers. A connection was discovered between A. occider~talis of the Canary Islands and the tetraploid abyssinian oats and a close relationship in this vicarious group is speculated. Two kinds of tetraploid oats are endemic to Ethiopia and nearby areas. They are normally associated with the names Avena abyssinica Hochst. ex Schimper and A. vaviloviana (Malz.) Mordv. Besides these, two other species of Avena are found in Ethiopia as well. Avena sterilis L. has been collected and reported from Abyssinia as early as the 1840's and was then known by the natives of this country for some time. Avena byzarztina C. Koch might have been confused with A. abyssinica, and perhaps also with A. sterilis by the natives in the past, but it seems likely to be of recent introduction since it was not found among early collections and because it was found as a contaminant of recently introduced cultivars of wheat. Two other species of oats are of interest here, viz., A. barbata Pott ex Link and A. wiestii Steudel, because of their resemblance to A. vaviloviana and their proximity to the area of these two kinds of tetraploid abyssinian oats. The taxonomic status, and consequently the nomenclatural status of the taxa associated with the names of A. abyssirzica and A. vaviloviana has been a matter of controversy since their discovery. Although recent cytogenetjc studies (Rajhathy and Morrison 1959; Emme 1938; Holden 1966) have had a great influence on the status of these two taxa, it still remains controversial. More morphological, cytological, and genetical research, and studies in related discilcontribution No. 858 of the Plant Research Institute.
Depth-Related Distribution of Postjuvenile Red Snapper in Southeastern U.S. Atlantic Ocean Waters: Ontogenic Patterns and Implications for Management

Abstract For the economically and ecologically important Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus, depth distribution patterns across ontogeny are not well understood, particularly in the southeastern U.S. Atlantic Ocean (SEUSA). Using data derived from two fishery-independent surveys targeting hardbottom habitats, we examined patterns of age- and length-specific depth distributions of postjuvenile (age 1+) Red Snapper in the SEUSA. We also compared age and length distributions between fishery-independent surveys and commercial hook-and-line catches to make inferences about gear-specific age and size selectivity, which could have implications for gear-specific interpretations of Red Snapper depth distribution patterns and for determining selectivity functions used in stock assessments. Older, larger Red Snapper were generally distributed throughout all depths, whereas the younger and smaller Red Snapper occurred disproportionately in relatively shallow waters. For Red Snapper equal to or larger than 50 cm FL, we found no evidence of a positive relationship between depth and age or length. Additionally, age and length distributions of Red Snapper ≥ 50 cm FL did not differ between fishery-independent surveys and the commercial hook-and-line fishery. These results provide no support for assertions of greater abundances of older and larger Red Snapper in deeper SEUSA waters. As observed in this study for Red Snapper in SEUSA waters, we suggest that patterns of increasing age and size with depth for multiple reef-associated fish species in SEUSA and Gulf of Mexico waters may be driven by younger and smaller fish occurring in shallower waters, and older and larger fish being distributed more equally across depths. Analyses to test this hypothesis for multiple species would be informative for their assessment and management and are recommended.
The introduction of coastal infrastructure as a driver of change in marine environments

Summary 1. Coastal landscapes are being transformed as a consequence of the increasing demand for urban infrastructure to sustain commercial, residential and tourist activities. A variety of man-made structures, such as breakwaters, jetties and seawalls have thus become ubiquitous features of intertidal and shallow subtidal habitats. This transformation will accelerate in response to the exponential growth of human populations and to global changes, such as sea-level rise and increased frequency of extreme meteorological events (e.g. storms). Here, we provide a critical overview of the major ecological effects of increasing infrastructure to marine habitats, we identify future research directions for advancing our understanding of marine urban ecosystems and we highlight how alternative management options might mitigate their impacts. 2. Urban infrastructure supports different epibiota and associated assemblages and does not function as surrogate of natural rocky habitats. Its introduction in the intertidal zone or in near-shore waters can cause fragmentation and loss of natural habitats. Furthermore, the provision of novel habitat (hard substrata) along sedimentary shores can alter local and regional biodiversity by modifying natural patterns of dispersal of species, or by facilitating the establishment and spread of exotic species. 3. Attempts to use ecological criteria to solve problems of urban infrastructure are promising. Incorporating natural elements of habitat (e.g. wetland vegetation; seagrass) into shoreline stabilization can reduce ecological impacts, without impinging on its efficacy in halting erosion. Likewise, improving the ecological value of artificial structures by adding features of habitat that are generally missing from such structures (e.g. rock-pools) can contribute to mitigation of the detrimental effects of urbanization on biodiversity. Management of anthropogenic disturbances (e.g. maintenance works; harvesting) to artificial habitat is, however, necessary if such attempts are to be successful. 4. Synthesis and applications. Increasing our understanding of the ecological functioning of marine habitats created by urban infrastructure and incorporating ecological criteria into coastal engineering are crucial for preserving biodiversity in the face of the growth of human populations in coastal areas and of forecasted global changes. Achieving this goal will need strong collaboration between engineers, managers and ecologists.
Breeding of a Sake Yeast with Improved Ethyl Caproate Productivity

Flavor components, especially isoamyl acetate and ethyl caproate, are important for the quality of sake. A special technique called ginjozukuri, which uses highly polished rice and low temperature fermentation, is usually used to brew sake rich in these esters. It is not easy, even with this technique, to brew rich-flavored sake. It is therefore important to breed a yeast strain producing flavor components at high levels in the sake mash. Wehave isolated a mutant producing sufficient isoamyl acetate by selecting 5,5,5-trifluoroleucine-resistant mutants. 1} The synthesis of ethyl caproate in sake mash was catalyzed by enzymes in yeast; esterase and alcohol acyltransferase.2) The substrates of these enzymes for the synthesis of ethyl caproate are ethanol and caproic acid or caproyl-CoA. As there is sufficient ethanol in th sake mash, either caproic acid or caproyl-CoA is a rate-limiting factor for the synthesis. The production of caproic acid is important in producing sake with a large amount of ethyl caproate. In this study we isolated mutant yeasts that produce sufficient caproic acid and ethyl caproate from sake yeast as strains resistant to cerulenin, a specific inhibitor of fattv acid svnthetase.3^ The pathway of caproic acid synthesis is not known in sake yeast. It has been reported, however, that medium-chain fatty acids in beer are produced by fatty acid synthesis, and not introduced by degradation of long chain fatty acids.4) Although detailed data were not shown, we have been suggested that caproic acid synthesis by sake yeast is inhibited by cerulenin. From these results, we assumed that caproic acid is produced by fatty acid synthesis in sake yeast. Fatty acid synthesis of the yeast is catalyzed by fatty acid synthetase, a multifunctional enzymewith seven different catalytic activities. 5) Alteration in balance of the individual catalytic activities in fatty acid synthetase changes the chain length of synthesized fatty acids.6) Since cerulenin is a inhibitor of fatty acid
The influence of turning on the hatchability of hens' eggs II. The effect of turning frequency on the pattern of mortality, the incidence of malpositions, malformations and dead embryos with no somatic abnormality

Reasons were sought for the changes in hatchability associated with varying frequency rate observed in part I and by other workers. All deadin-shell from the hatches of part I were examined and classified into a number of categories. Their varying incidence in relation to the control hatches was taken to indicate the effect of the rates of turning investigated, viz. 0, once in 2 days, 2, 6, 12, 24 (control), 48, 96, 144, 192 and 480 turns per 24 hr. to the end of the 18th day of incubation. At the observed optimum rate of turning (96x) mortality was reduced throughout the incubation period with the greatest reduction occurring towards the end; the incidence of malpositions and malformations was reduced as was the case of embryos with no obvious cause of death. The observed decrease in mortality and hence increase in hatchability at the optimum rate of turning was attributed mainly to the probable improvement of the embryo's physiological environment.
Major fatty acid composition of 19 almond cultivars of different origins. A chemometric approach

Multivariate chemometric techniques have been applied to the fatty acid composition of gas chromatographic data from 19 almond cultivars. Analysis of variance indicates the important contribution of all major fatty acids to the typification of almond cultivars. Principal component analysis applied to all of the individual values of fatty acids of the different cultivars leads to three new variables which accumulate about 90% of the total variance. The projection of different cultivars in the reduced space allows the visualization of some different cultivar groups. Cluster analysis classifies the studied almond cultivars into three groups. Within a large group many cultivars of the Mediterranean area and the American cultivar Non Pareil are found. The second group includes some Italian and American cultivars. A third group covers one American and one Australian cultivar, in association with two Spanish ones. Discriminant analysis applied to the groups previously established by cluster analysis and principal component analysis brings out two discriminant functions, which explain 68.53% and 31.47% of the total variance, respectively. Application of these discriminant functions verified a correct assignment (100%) of each member to its group.
The Comparative Vitamin D Requirements of Growing Chicks, Turkeys, and Pheasants

Abstract IT is a well-established fact that the chicken has a definite need for the antirachitic factor, and the amount of the factor necessary to meet this requirement is generally well undertsood. The value of cod liver oil and other fish oils in supplying this factor to poultry rations is recognized. The use of fish oils in poultry rations has made possible the highly commercialized and successful rearing of chickens in confinement which has been accomplished in the last decade. The growing of turkeys and the propagation of game birds is becoming more and more important as a part of the poultry industry. The problem of proper nutrition for growing turkey poults and game birds is a major one. This work is a study of one of the main factors in this nutritional problem—vitamin D requirements. Unpublished data from the Pennsylvania Experiment Station indicate that the antirachitic requirement of growing .
Uptake of dissolved nitrogen by phytoplankton in a eutrophic subtropical lake

Uptake rates for ammonium, nitrate, urea and dinitrogen by phytoplankton in Lake Okeechobee ranged from 0.58 to 1.52 jimol I"1 h ' among four representative stations during a short- term study period. Ammonium accounted for 53% of the uptake rates, followed by nitrate (19%), urea (16%) and dinitrogen (12%). Half-saturation constants for nitrogen (N) uptake ranged from 8.70 umol H for ammonium, 2.07 umol I"1 for urea and 2.21 umol I"1 for nitrate at South station. This study reveals spatially varying N uptake rates, particularly N fixation, within a large eutrophic lake.
Modelling Heron Survival Using Weather Data

There is a definite needfor methodology which will produce ageand time-specific survival probabilities from bird ringing studies in which only nestlings are ringed, and one possible approach to this problem is presented in this paper. Models are developed in which the survival rates for first-year birds are weather-dependent (and therefore time-speeific) and the rate for second-year birds is a constant, difterent from the constant annual survival rate assumed for all older birds, to describe the numbers of recoveries of rings from dead Grey Herons, A rdea cinerea, ringed as nestlings in Britain between 1955 and 1975. The models provide a good fit to the data and a useful and concise description of Heron survival. Comparison is made with the predictions of a modelfor heronry census data.
Three Determinants of Vestibular Hemispheric Dominance during Caloric Stimulation: A Positron Emission Tomography Study

Electrophysiological animal experimentsl" and functional imaging studies51O have revealed that several parietotemporal areas are involved in cortical vestibular processing. Within this network, the posterior insula area is a kind of core region that contains the human homologue of the parietoinsular vestibular cortex in monkeys. A recent human positron emission tomography (PET) study during warm water caloric irrigation in rightand left-handed volunteers showed that two factors affect the cortical activation pattern: (1) the handedness of the subjects (that is, a vestibular dominance of the nondominant hemisphere) and (2) the side of the stimulation (that is, stronger activation occurs in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the stimulated ear). 10 The aim of this PET water activation study was to determine the influence of the direction of stimulation induced apparent self-motion and nystagmus on the cortical activation pattern. Therefore, right-handed volunteers were examined in PET after caloric irrigation with iced water. Iced water induces a nystagmus in which the quick phase occurs to the contralateral side, whereas warm water caloric irrigation induces a nystagmus to the ipsilateral side.
The role of networks in information dissemination to family poultry farmers.

Family poultry (FP), which make up around 80% of poultry stocks in many developing countries of Africa and Asia, are still important. However, FP farmers are facing many constraints, including high mortality, mainly due to Newcastle disease and currently also to the highly pathogenic avian influenza in many countries since its occurrence in Asia in late 2003. Significant improvements in FP production systems can be achieved through well-designed and implemented information dissemination programmes that endow FP farmers with necessary knowledge and skills. The setting-up of poultry networks that enable FP farmers to acquire and share knowledge, views, experiences as well as research and development results in FP keeping in developing countries is discussed. Ways to improve the efficiency of information dissemination through poultry networks by taking into account the socio-cultural and economic environments of targeted FP farmers are also explored.
WALKING, RUNNING, AND JUMPING

cult in only a few pages. The subject has been approached through physiology, anatomy, mechanics, and motion analysis. Noteworthy among physiologists who have studied locomotion is the British Nobel laureate, A. V. Hill (see par? ticularly, 1949). Fundamental relationships between body size and muscle dynamics have been described. Muscle performance has been related to load, temperature, and rate of contraction. The design of muscles has received attention, and further studies are in progress. Anatomical and mechanical approaches to the analysis of locomotion are usually combined, the emphasis falling sometimes to one and sometimes to the other. As long ago as 1873 a preacher named Haughton wrote a book on the principles of animal mechanics that is still superior to most texts on kinesiology. More recently, impor? tant contributions have come from Cam-
Starch reserves in Piceaabies in relation to defence reaction against a bark beetle transmitted blue-stain fungus, Ceratocystispolonica

Coniferous trees resist invasion of their phloem and xylem by microorganisms through an induced defence reaction; resin-filled reaction zones are formed around the infections to stop the intrusion. The efficacy of the reaction is supposedly dependent on an ample supply of carbohydrates. Two hypotheses were formulated: (i) phloem starch reserves are consumed by the defence reaction; (ii) trees low in phloem starch are vulnerable to infection. To test the hypotheses, stem sections of Piceaabies trees were mass inoculated with a pathogenic blue-stain fungus, Ceratoscystispolonica, associated with the spruce bark beetle Ipstypographus. Stem starch concentration was manipulated through girdling. Mass inoculation lead to a significant decrease in phloem starch concentration. Starch reserves of single trees were not correlated to their resistance to infection. Translocation capacity of the phloem is suggested critical for the defence reaction.
Nodule bacteria for two species of serradella – Ornithopus sativus and Orithopus compressus

The effectiveness of several isolates of nodule bacteria was tested on two species of serradella Ornithopus sativus Brot. and O. compressus L. analysis based on green top weights showed isolate S3 to be superior to the other isolates tested and also to the lupin strain W72, which is the only commercially available strain suitable for inoculation of serradella.