Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expression of an endogenous galactose‐binding lectin correlates with neoplastic progression in the colon

Background. Galectin‐3 is an endogenous galactose‐binding protein that is expressed in a wide range of normal and neoplastic tissues and is thought to be involved in cellular adhesion and growth regulation. Conflicting data have been reported regarding the expression of galectin‐3 during carcinogenesis in the colon.
SafePredict: A Meta-Algorithm for Machine Learning That Uses Refusals to Guarantee Correctness

<italic>SafePredict</italic> is a novel meta-algorithm that works with any base prediction algorithm for online data to guarantee an arbitrarily chosen correctness rate, <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1-\epsilon$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:mi>ε</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="kocak-ieq1-2932415.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>, by allowing refusals. Allowing refusals means that the meta-algorithm may refuse to emit a prediction produced by the base algorithm so that the error rate on non-refused predictions does not exceed <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\epsilon$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>ε</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="kocak-ieq2-2932415.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>. The SafePredict error bound does not rely on any assumptions on the data distribution or the base predictor. When the base predictor happens not to exceed the target error rate <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\epsilon$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>ε</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="kocak-ieq3-2932415.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>, SafePredict refuses only a finite number of times. When the error rate of the base predictor changes through time SafePredict makes use of a weight-shifting heuristic that adapts to these changes without knowing when the changes occur yet still maintains the correctness guarantee. Empirical results show that (i) SafePredict compares favorably with state-of-the-art confidence-based refusal mechanisms which fail to offer robust error guarantees; and (ii) combining SafePredict with such refusal mechanisms can in many cases further reduce the number of refusals. Our software is included in the supplementary material, which can be found on the Computer Society Digital Library at <uri>http://doi.ieeecomputersociety. org/10.1109/TPAMI.2019. 2932415</uri>.
Selective and Efficient Immunoprecipitation of the Disease-associated Form of the Prion Protein Can Be Mediated by Nonspecific Interactions between Monoclonal Antibodies and Scrapie-associated Fibrils*

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are characterized by the accumulation in brain tissues of an abnormal isoform of the prion protein named PrPsc, which is the only direct marker known for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Here we show that PrPsc can be specifically immunoprecipitated by using several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) of various specificities independently of the properties of their binding site (paratope). These results strongly suggest that a significant proportion of mAbs can interact with PrPsc aggregates through nonspecific paratope-independent interactions allowing selective immunoprecipitation of PrPsc when these mAbs are immobilized on a polydisperse solid phase like microbeads.
Central adiposity in children born small and large for gestational age.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate body composition differences between children that were born small (SGA) or large for gestational age (LGA) compared with their counterparts born adequate for gestational age (AGA). METHODS Body composition was assessed in 124 healthy Caucasian children (50% girls) aged 6-10, classified according to their birth weight for gestational age as AGA, SGA and LGA. Fat mass (FM), percentage of FM, lean mass (LM), bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in the whole body and at different body regions. RESULTS LM (adjusted for age and sex) and total BMC (adjusted for age, sex and weight) were both significantly higher in LGA children and lower in SGA when compared with those born AGA. After adjustments for height, LM and BMC differences between groups were not significant. In SGA children, truncal (P<0.05) and abdominal fatness (P<0.01) were higher when compared with both AGA and LGA children, after adjustments for age, sex and height. There were no differences in the percentage of total and central FM between children born LGA and AGA. CONCLUSIONS During childhood, children born SGA had higher central adiposity regardless of their body size. Children born LGA seem to have a higher body size but with harmonic body composition and adequate body fat distribution. Small size for gestational age at birth could programme excess abdominal fat deposition in children, which is a major factor for the clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors defining the metabolic syndrome.
Translation reprogramming is an evolutionarily conserved driver of phenotypic plasticity and therapeutic resistance in melanoma

In this study, Falletta et al. show that microenvironmental cues, including inflammation-mediated resistance to adoptive T-cell immunotherapy, transcriptionally repress MITF via ATF4 in response to inhibition of translation initiation factor eIF2B. Their results suggest that translation reprogramming, an evolutionarily conserved starvation response, has been hijacked by microenvironmental stress signals in melanoma to drive phenotypic plasticity and invasion and determine therapeutic outcome.
Prevalence of insomnia in Poland — results of the National Health Interview Survey

Background: Sleep disturbances are one of the most common underdiagnosed and undertreated health problems among the adult population. Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of sleeping problems and their relation to sociodemographic characteristics in the Polish population, based on the results of the National Health Interview Survey carried out by the Central Statistical Office in 1996. Methods: A stratified sampling scheme, involving two steps, was used. Standardized prevalence ratios (SPRs and their 95% confidence intervals) were calculated. Assessment of sleep-related problems was based on six questions. A representative Polish sample (47 924 non-institutionalized, adult respondents) was interviewed. Results: Nearly one-fourth of Polish inhabitants suffered from insomnia. The percentage was significantly higher among women (28.1%) than among men (18.1%). The prevalence of insomnia increased with age and was highest in divorced respondents. Respondents of both sexes with higher educational levels suffered from insomnia less often than individuals with lower levels of education. The problem of insomnia applies in a similar degree to inhabitants of both rural and urban regions. About one-twentieth of inhabitants of Poland experienced recent sleep deterioration related to problems. It was associated positively with age, female gender and lower education. About 20% of the population get up not rested in the morning, women significantly more often than men, urban residents more often than rural ones. Conclusions: Sleep-related problems are common and the results are comparable with those from other countries. The findings have important implications, such as the necessity of better education of the public community about the identification and possibilities of treatment of sleep disturbance.
Regulation of Hyphal Growth and N-Acetylglucosamine Catabolism by Two Transcription Factors in Candida albicans

The amino sugar N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is increasingly recognized as an important signaling molecule in addition to its well-known structural roles at the cell surface. In the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans, GlcNAc stimulates several responses including the induction of the genes needed for its catabolism and a switch from budding to filamentous hyphal growth. We identified two genes needed for growth on GlcNAc (RON1 and NGS1) and found that mutants lacking these genes fail to induce the genes needed for GlcNAc catabolism. NGS1 was also important for growth on other sugars, such as maltose, but RON1 appeared to be specific for GlcNAc. Both mutants could grow on nonfermentable carbon sources indicating that they do not affect mitochondrial function, which we show is important for growth on GlcNAc but not for GlcNAc induction of hyphal morphogenesis. Interestingly, both the ron1Δ and ngs1Δ mutants were defective in forming hyphae in response to GlcNAc, even though GlcNAc catabolism is not required for induction of hyphal morphogenesis. The ron1Δ mutant showed a partial defect in forming hyphae, which was surprising since it displayed an elevated level of filamentous cells under noninducing conditions. The ron1Δ mutant also displayed an elevated basal level of expression of genes that are normally upregulated during hyphal growth. Consistent with this, Ron1 contains an Ndt80-like DNA-binding domain, indicating that it regulates gene expression. Thus, Ron1 is a key new component of the GlcNAc response pathway that acts as both an activator and a repressor of hyphal morphogenesis.
Coherent stacking with TerraSAR-X imagery in urban areas

The German radar satellite TerraSAR-X was launched in June 2007. It is one of the first satellites to continuously provide space-borne high resolution radar imagery with a slant range resolution in the order of 0.6 m × 1.1 m for civil applications. The sensor, the mission design, the orbit concept, and the SAR processor (TMSP) perfectly support interferometric applications. Naturally, DLR's operational interferometric system GENESIS has been adapted to exploit the innovative high resolution data. Algorithm updates have been proven indispensable due to the more complicated spectral characteristic of the data introduced by the spotlight acquisition mode. Also, the high spatial resolution requires that radargrammetric effects, i.e. local parallaxes, be considered in interferometric processing.
Measuring functional performance in patients with COPD: a discussion of patient-reported outcome measures

ABSTRACT Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic condition and a major public health concern. Moreover, its prevalence is increasing. COPD commonly affects patient performance of daily activities that people perform in order to meet basic needs, fulfill usual roles, and maintain their health and well-being. What types of activities are affected and to what degree≟ How do these effects change over time? What impact, positive or negative, do various treatments have on the capacity of patients to perform activities? To address these questions, the concept of activity performance must be defined and appropriately measured. Methods: This paper presents a model of function that defines functional performance as distinct but related to physiological impairments and functional capacity. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to locate patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments that have been used to capture functional performance in clinical studies of COPD and have been validated with patients with COPD. The content of each measure was reviewed to assess depth and breadth of coverage. Results: The systematic review yielded nine validated PROs used to capture functional performance in clinical studies of COPD: three are generic; six were designed specifically for use in patients with COPD. Variability in content coverage occurred across the PROs, with some sacrificing depth for breadth. Few of the PROs covered the full range of content as defined in the model. Limiting selected PROs to those that have been used with patients with COPD, while relevant to this population, may preclude other PRO instruments that can measure functional performance. The relevance of another instrument would, however, need to be confirmed with patients with COPD. Conclusions: Selection of endpoints and instruments for clinical studies of COPD and its treatment must be driven by a clear definition of concepts of interest and the relevance of content areas to patients. Some existing instruments may provide adequate coverage of endpoints or content areas under investigation. Others clearly will not.
Expression Levels of the Yeast Alcohol Acetyltransferase Genes ATF1, Lg-ATF1, and ATF2 Control the Formation of a Broad Range of Volatile Esters

ABSTRACT Volatile aroma-active esters are responsible for the fruity character of fermented alcoholic beverages such as beer and wine. Esters are produced by fermenting yeast cells in an enzyme-catalyzed intracellular reaction. In order to investigate and compare the roles of the known Saccharomyces cerevisiae alcohol acetyltransferases, Atf1p, Atf2p and Lg-Atf1p, in volatile ester production, the respective genes were either deleted or overexpressed in a laboratory strain and a commercial brewing strain. Subsequently, the ester formation of the transformants was monitored by headspace gas chromatography and gas chromatography combined with mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Analysis of the fermentation products confirmed that the expression levels of ATF1 and ATF2 greatly affect the production of ethyl acetate and isoamyl acetate. GC-MS analysis revealed that Atf1p and Atf2p are also responsible for the formation of a broad range of less volatile esters, such as propyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, pentyl acetate, hexyl acetate, heptyl acetate, octyl acetate, and phenyl ethyl acetate. With respect to the esters analyzed in this study, Atf2p seemed to play only a minor role compared to Atf1p. The atf1Δ atf2Δ double deletion strain did not form any isoamyl acetate, showing that together, Atf1p and Atf2p are responsible for the total cellular isoamyl alcohol acetyltransferase activity. However, the double deletion strain still produced considerable amounts of certain other esters, such as ethyl acetate (50% of the wild-type strain), propyl acetate (50%), and isobutyl acetate (40%), which provides evidence for the existence of additional, as-yet-unknown ester synthases in the yeast proteome. Interestingly, overexpression of different alleles of ATF1 and ATF2 led to different ester production rates, indicating that differences in the aroma profiles of yeast strains may be partially due to mutations in their ATF genes.
Usefulness of complement activation products in Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the roles of complement activation products C3d and C4d binding to lymphocytes in the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a Chinese cohort of patients. METHODS 96 patients with SLE, 44 patients with other autoimmune disease and 40 healthy control individuals were enrolled in this study. The levels of C3d and C4d binding to peripheral CD4+ T and CD19+ B lymphocyts (designated as T-C3d, T-C4d, B-C3d, B-C4d ) was assessed by flow cytometry. The diagnostic values of these biomarkers were determined by receiver-operator characteristic analysis. RESULTS The levels of T-C3d, T-C4d, B-C3d, B-C4d were significantly higher in SLE patients than patients with other disease and healthy controls (p<0.01). As diagnostic tools, T-C4d and B-C4d were 61.1% sensitive/94.3% specific and 63.9% sensitive/94.3% specific in differentiating SLE patients from patients with other disease and healthy controls, respectively. T-C4d and B-C4d were significantly associated with SLE disease activity as measured by the SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) (p<0.001), low serum C3 (p<0.001), low serum C4 (p=0.006), anti-dsDNA (IIF) (p=0.001), and anti-dsDNA (ELISA) (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS Complement activation products C3d and C4d binding to lymphocytes can reflect the disease activity of SLE and can be used as biomarkers for SLE.
Lateralization of low-frequency, complex waveforms: the use of envelope-based temporal disparities.

Several recent investigations suggest that listeners either cannot or do not use envelope-based interaural temporal disparities (ITDs) to lateralize low-frequency sounds [G.B. Henning, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 68, 446-453 (1980); G.B. Henning and J. Ashton, Hear. Res. 4, 185-194 (1981); G.B. Henning, Hear. Res. 9, 153-172 (1983)]. We believe listeners in those studies may have been unable to process envelope-based ITDs principally because of the types of stimuli utilized. In this study we employed an acoustic "pointing" task in which listeners varied the interaural intensitive difference of a 500-Hz narrow-band noise (the pointer) so that it matched the intracranial position of a second, experimenter-controlled stimulus (the target). Targets were sinusoidally amplitude-modulated tones centered on 500 Hz or 1 kHz, and modulated at 25, 50, or 100 Hz. Targets were presented with either the entire waveform delayed or with only the envelope delayed. The results suggest that delays of the envelope do affect the lateral position of low-frequency targets. However, the envelope-based cues appear to interact with those provided by the dominant fine structure.
Women's Postpartum Sexual Health Program: A Collaborative and Integrated Approach to Restoring Sexual Health in the Postpartum Period

The postpartum period presents unique challenges to couples’ relationships and sexuality, yet these factors are often left unaddressed by health care providers. The Women's Postpartum Sexual Health Program (WPSHP), a four-session, group- and couples-based program delivered by an interdisciplinary care team at a family practice center, was designed specifically to address common concerns among postpartum women and their partners. The interrelated, biopsychosocial aspects of women's sexuality in the postpartum period are summarized, followed by a detailed description of the WPSHP content and structure. This information is intended to serve as a practical resource for implementation and adaptation of the WPSHP across different practice settings.
Rehabilitación de las Funciones Ejecutivas en Caso de Patología Cerebral

Las funciones ejecutivas han sido definidas como las capacidades para transformar los pensamientos en accion. Las mismas hacen alusion a una amplia variedad de procesos cognitivos entre los que se incluyen la iniciacion, secuenciacion, organizacion, categorizacion, planificacion, abstraccion, fluidez verbal y autorregulacion del comportamiento. En este articulo se presenta una revision actualizada de las diferentes tecnicas y/o programas que existen en la actualidad para rehabilitar los principales problemas ejecutivos que resultan luego de una lesion cerebral en los lobulos frontales. La utilizacion de auto-intrusiones, ejercicios de estimulacion cognitiva, tecnicas de solucion de problemas, las tecnicas de modificacion de la conducta, los programas de entrenamiento en habilidades sociales, los dispositivos electronicos, y la adaptacion del entorno entre otros han resultado de ser de gran utilidad a la hora de tratar estas alteraciones. Igualmente, se hablara de la importancia que tiene el tratamiento farmacologico y el trabajo con la familia a la hora de llevar acabo este tipo de programas de rehabilitacion.
Thirty-year cumulative incidence of chronic bronchitis and COPD in relation to 30-year pulmonary function and 40-year mortality: a follow-up in middle-aged rural men.

PURPOSE To describe the 30-year cumulative incidence of chronic bronchitis and COPD in relation to smoking habits. The effect of chronic bronchitis on pulmonary function and mortality was also examined. METHODS Middle-aged men belonging to two rural Finnish cohorts of the Seven Countries Study (n = 1,711 in 1959) were followed up for up to 40 years until 2000. Standard questionnaires were used to measure chronic bronchitis, and repeated spirometry was used to evaluate pulmonary function during the 30 years. Forty-year mortality data were examined. RESULTS The cumulative incidence of chronic bronchitis and COPD was 42% and 32%, respectively, in continuous smokers, compared to 26% and 14% in ex-smokers and 22% and 12% in never-smokers. During the follow-up, subjects with chronic bronchitis had on average 252 mL (95% confidence interval, 211 to 293 mL) lower forced expiratory volume than those without it. The decrease in forced expiratory volume attributable to chronic bronchitis was most pronounced in those with persistent symptoms and in smokers. In subjects with chronic bronchitis, all-cause mortality was increased by a hazard ratio of 1.30 (95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 1.65). Smokers with chronic bronchitis who decreased their daily cigarette consumption increased their median life span by 2.4 years. CONCLUSIONS The lifetime risk of chronic bronchitis among smokers is approximately two in five, and almost one half of smokers who have chronic bronchitis also acquire COPD. Chronic bronchitis is related to earlier death, also in never-smokers, probably partly through a rapid decline in pulmonary function.
Proteasome Mediates Dopaminergic Neuronal Degeneration, and Its Inhibition Causes α-Synuclein Inclusions*

Parkinson's disease is characterized by dopaminergic neuronal death and the presence of Lewy bodies. α-Synuclein is a major component of Lewy bodies, but the process of its accumulation and its relationship to dopaminergic neuronal death has not been resolved. Although the pathogenesis has not been clarified, mitochondrial complex I is suppressed, and caspase-3 is activated in the affected midbrain. Here we report that a combination of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+) or rotenone and proteasome inhibition causes the appearance of α-synuclein-positive inclusion bodies. Unexpectedly, however, proteasome inhibition blocked MPP+- or rotenone-induced dopaminergic neuronal death. MPP+ elevated proteasome activity, dephosphorylated mitogen-activating protein kinase (MAPK), and activated caspase-3. Proteasome inhibition reversed the MAPK dephosphorylation and blocked caspase-3 activation; the neuroprotection was blocked by a p42 and p44 MAPK kinase inhibitor. Thus, the proteasome plays an important role in both inclusion body formation and dopaminergic neuronal death but these processes form opposite sides on the proteasome regulation in this model.
Import of Nuclear‐Encoded Proteins into Mitochondria

The majority of mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear genes, synthesized in the cytosol and subsequently imported into mitochondria through protein translocation machineries of the outer and inner membranes. In this review, we discuss the arrangement of the various translocation complexes and the function of individual import components. We also outline the various targeting pathways that preproteins can take in order to reach their appropriate sub‐mitochondrial compartment.
RANKL Induces Organized Lymph Node Growth by Stromal Cell Proliferation

RANK and its ligand RANKL play important roles in the development and regulation of the immune system. We show that mice transgenic for Rank in hair follicles display massive postnatal growth of skin-draining lymph nodes. The proportions of hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic stromal cells and their organization are maintained, with the exception of an increase in B cell follicles. The hematopoietic cells are not activated and respond to immunization by foreign Ag and adjuvant. We demonstrate that soluble RANKL is overproduced from the transgenic hair follicles and that its neutralization normalizes lymph node size, inclusive area, and numbers of B cell follicles. Reticular fibroblastic and vascular stromal cells, important for secondary lymphoid organ formation and organization, express RANK and undergo hyperproliferation, which is abrogated by RANKL neutralization. In addition, they express higher levels of CXCL13 and CCL19 chemokines, as well as MAdCAM-1 and VCAM-1 cell-adhesion molecules. These findings highlight the importance of tissue-derived cues for secondary lymphoid organ homeostasis and identify RANKL as a key molecule for controlling the plasticity of the immune system.