Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non-clinical interventions that increase the uptake and success of vaginal birth after caesarean section: a systematic review.

AIM The aim of this study was to review non-clinical interventions that increase the uptake and/or the success rates of vaginal birth after caesarean section. BACKGROUND Increases in rates of caesarean section are largely due to repeat caesarean section in a subsequent pregnancy. Concerns about vaginal birth after caesarean section have centred on the risk of uterine rupture. Nonetheless, efforts to increase the vaginal birth rate in these women have been made. This study reviews these in relation to non-clinical interventions. DATA SOURCES Literature was searched up until December 2008 from five databases and a number of relevant professional websites. REVIEW METHODS A systematic review of quantitative studies that evaluated a non-clinical intervention for increasing the uptake and/or the success of vaginal birth after caesarean section was undertaken. Only study designs that involved a comparison group were included. Further exclusions were imposed for quality using the Critical Skills Appraisal Programme. RESULTS National guidelines influence vaginal birth after caesarean section rates, but a greater effect is seen when institutions develop local guidelines, adopt a conservative approach to caesarean section, use opinion leaders, give individualized information to women, and give feedback to obstetricians about mode of birth rates. Individual clinician characteristics may impact on the number of women choosing and succeeding in vaginal birth after caesarean section. There is inconsistent evidence that having private health insurance may be a barrier to the uptake and success of vaginal birth after caesarean section. CONCLUSION Non-clinical factors can have a significant impact on vaginal birth after caesarean section uptake and success.
Opposing phenotypes in mice with Smith–Magenis deletion and Potocki–Lupski duplication syndromes suggest gene dosage effects on fluid consumption behavior

A quantitative long‐term fluid consumption and fluid‐licking assay was performed in two mouse models with either an ∼2 Mb genomic deletion, Df(11)17, or the reciprocal duplication copy number variation (CNV), Dp(11)17, analogous to the human genomic rearrangements causing either Smith–Magenis syndrome [SMS; OMIM #182290] or Potocki–Lupski syndrome [PTLS; OMIM #610883], respectively. Both mouse strains display distinct quantitative alterations in fluid consumption compared to their wild‐type littermates; several of these changes are diametrically opposing between the two chromosome engineered mouse models. Mice with duplication versus deletion showed longer versus shorter intervals between visits to the waterspout, generated more versus less licks per visit and had higher versus lower variability in the number of licks per lick‐burst as compared to their respective wild‐type littermates. These findings suggest that copy number variation can affect long‐term fluid consumption behavior in mice. Other behavioral differences were unique for either the duplication or deletion mutants; the deletion CNV resulted in increased variability of the licking rhythm, and the duplication CNV resulted in a significant slowing of the licking rhythm. Our findings document a readily quantitated complex behavioral response that can be directly and reciprocally influenced by a gene dosage effect. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Plant Leucine Aminopeptidases Moonlight as Molecular Chaperones to Alleviate Stress-induced Damage*

Background: The tomato leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) regulates wound signaling, and its mode of action is unknown. Results: Plant LAPs are molecular chaperones, and the chaperone activity of the tomato LAP-A is independent of its peptidase and enhanced upon hexamer disruption. Conclusion: Plant LAPs are bifunctional, with both aminopeptidase and chaperone activities. Significance: Plant LAPs are a new class of molecular chaperone with roles in plant defense. Leucine aminopeptidases (LAPs) are present in animals, plants, and microbes. In plants, there are two classes of LAPs. The neutral LAPs (LAP-N and its orthologs) are constitutively expressed and detected in all plants, whereas the stress-induced acidic LAPs (LAP-A) are expressed only in a subset of the Solanaceae. LAPs have a role in insect defense and act as a regulator of the late branch of wound signaling in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato). Although the mechanism of LAP-A action is unknown, it has been presumed that LAP peptidase activity is essential for regulating wound signaling. Here we show that plant LAPs are bifunctional. Using three assays to monitor protein protection from heat-induced damage, it was shown that the tomato LAP-A and LAP-N and the Arabidopsis thaliana LAP1 and LAP2 are molecular chaperones. Assays using LAP-A catalytic site mutants demonstrated that LAP-A chaperone activity was independent of its peptidase activity. Furthermore, disruption of the LAP-A hexameric structure increased chaperone activity. Together, these data identify a new class of molecular chaperones and a new function for the plant LAPs as well as suggesting new mechanisms for LAP action in the defense of solanaceous plants against stress.
The relationship between work-related musculoskeletal disorders, absenteeism and visits to the staff clinic by nurses in an eThekwini District hospital

Introduction Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are the most commonly reported work-related illnesses impacting on the quality of life of nurses. Absenteeism, work restriction, loss of income and disability are related outcomes. Nurses are at a higher risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) compared to other healthcare professionals because of the nature of their duties. Problem statement The relationship between work-related musculoskeletal disorders, absenteeism and visits to the staff clinic by nurses has not been established in South Africa. Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of WMSD in nurses and its relationship to absenteeism and visits to the staff clinic by nurses in a selected eThekwini District hospital. Research method A cross-sectional quantitative descriptive survey was conducted in two stages namely the prospective cross-sectional survey of nurses and the retrospective review of records. A random sample of 231 nurses was selected, proportionally, from all nursing ranks and invited to fill in the self-administered musculoskeletal questionnaire. Results The lifetime prevalence of WMSD in nurses in this study was 77% with the twelve months prevalence of 67% and the seven days prevalence of 43%. The prevalence of low back pain was higher (21% for twelve months and 47% for seven days) than that of other body regions with a higher tendency (65%) of WMSD affecting more than two body regions. Although the prevalence and patterns of WMSD was almost the same across all nursing ranks, nurses working in the Out Patients Department reported the highest prevalence (22%). There was no significant relationship between age, gender and smoking; however, a strong correlation between WMSD and participation in physical exercise, work task and workload was noted. No relationship could be established between WMSD and staff visits to the staff clinic as well as amount of sick leave taken. Conclusion This study showed that WMSD is high in the selected hospital. Nurses working in the Outpatients department reported the most WMSD; body parts affected was not related to age, gender, nurse rank or unit in which the nurse worked. There is a problem of under- reporting of WMSD. Nurses working in this hospital have an option of attending their private health service providers even following a WMSD. In these cases the staff clinic is unable to keep accurate statistics of WMSD, conduct reviews and proper management of the WMSD.
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia interval on chromosome 8p23.1 characterized by genetics and protein interaction networks

Chromosome 8p23.1 is a common hotspot associated with major congenital malformations, including congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and cardiac defects. We present findings from high‐resolution arrays in patients who carry a loss (n = 18) or a gain (n = 1) of sub‐band 8p23.1. We confirm a region involved in both diaphragmatic and heart malformations. Results from a novel CNVConnect algorithm, prioritizing protein–protein interactions between products of genes in the 8p23.1 hotspot and products of previously known CDH causing genes, implicated GATA4, NEIL2, and SOX7 in diaphragmatic defects. Sequence analysis of these genes in 226 chromosomally normal CDH patients, as well as in a small number of deletion 8p23.1 patients, showed rare unreported variants in the coding region; these may be contributing to the diaphragmatic phenotype. We also demonstrated that two of these three genes were expressed in the E11.5–12.5 primordial mouse diaphragm, the developmental stage at which CDH is thought to occur. This combination of bioinformatics and expression studies can be applied to other chromosomal hotspots, as well as private microdeletions or microduplications, to identify causative genes and their interaction networks. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Internal Region Leucine-rich Repeat 6 of Decorin Interacts with Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein-1, Modulates Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β-dependent Signaling, and Inhibits TGF-β-dependent Fibrotic Response in Skeletal Muscles*

Background: Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling depends on decorin and LRP-1. Results: Decorin internal regions 5 and 6 interact with LRP-1 to modulate TGF-β mediated signaling. Conclusion: A specific decorin region regulates TGF-β-dependent signaling. Significance: Identification of specific sites in decorin that are involved in TGF-β signaling might have potential therapeutic applications for treatment of fibrotic diseases. Decorin is a small proteoglycan, composed of 12 leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) that modulates the activity of transforming growth factor type β (TGF-β) and other growth factors, and thereby influences proliferation and differentiation in a wide array of physiological and pathological processes, such as fibrosis, in several tissues and organs. Previously we described two novel modulators of the TGF-β-dependent signaling pathway: LDL receptor-related protein (LRP-1) and decorin. Here we have determined the regions in decorin that are responsible for interaction with LRP-1 and are involved in TGF-β-dependent binding and signaling. Specifically, we used decorin deletion mutants, as well as peptides derived from internal LRR regions, to determine the LRRs responsible for these decorin functions. Our results indicate that LRR6 and LRR5 participate in the interaction with LRP-1 and TGF-β as well as in its dependent signaling. Furthermore, the internal region (LRR6i), composed of 11 amino acids, is responsible for decorin binding to LRP-1 and subsequent TGF-β-dependent signaling. Furthermore, using an in vivo approach, we also demonstrate that the LRR6 region of decorin can inhibit TGF-β mediated action in response to skeletal muscle injury.
N- and C-terminal Domains Determine Differential Nucleosomal Binding Geometry and Affinity of Linker Histone Isotypes H10 and H1c*

Background: Linker histones are functionally heterogeneous. Results: Using a novel FRAP approach, the N-terminal domain modulates binding affinities of H10 and H1c; the C-terminal domain influences the nucleosomal orientation of the globular domain. Conclusion: The variable terminal domains have distinct roles in the chromatin binding characteristics of linker histones. Significance: Evidence for a structural basis for the functional heterogeneity of linker histones is presented. Eukaryotic linker or H1 histones modulate DNA compaction and gene expression in vivo. In mammals, these proteins exist as multiple isotypes with distinct properties, suggesting a functional significance to the heterogeneity. Linker histones typically have a tripartite structure composed of a conserved central globular domain flanked by a highly variable short N-terminal domain and a longer highly basic C-terminal domain. We hypothesized that the variable terminal domains of individual subtypes contribute to their functional heterogeneity by influencing chromatin binding interactions. We developed a novel dual color fluorescence recovery after photobleaching assay system in which two H1 proteins fused to spectrally separable fluorescent proteins can be co-expressed and their independent binding kinetics simultaneously monitored in a single cell. This approach was combined with domain swap and point mutagenesis to determine the roles of the terminal domains in the differential binding characteristics of the linker histone isotypes, mouse H10 and H1c. Exchanging the N-terminal domains between H10 and H1c changed their overall binding affinity to that of the other variant. In contrast, switching the C-terminal domains altered the chromatin interaction surface of the globular domain. These results indicate that linker histone subtypes bind to chromatin in an intrinsically specific manner and that the highly variable terminal domains contribute to differences between subtypes. The methods developed in this study will have broad applications in studying dynamic properties of additional histone subtypes and other mobile proteins.
Leading change: a three-dimensional model of nurse leaders' main tasks and roles during a change process.

AIM This paper is a report of a qualitative study which explored how nurse leaders described and understood their main tasks and roles during a change process. BACKGROUND During a database search for literature, no actual research that highlighted the main tasks and roles of nurse leaders during a change process was found. Earlier research has indicated the need for different leadership styles and the importance of strategies and values. METHOD In-depth interviews with 17 nurse leaders took place in 2004. A phenomenological-hermeneutical approach was used for data analysis. RESULTS The findings resulted in a model of leading change in health care that focuses on good patient care and consists of three dimensions: leading relationships, leading processes and leading a culture. In addition to leading relationships and processes, nurse leaders, as role models, greatly impact caring culture and its inherent ethical behaviour, especially about the responsibility for achieving good patient care. Nurse leaders are also instrumental in leading ward culture. CONCLUSION Nurse leaders need guidance and knowledge of what is expected of them during a structural change process. They play different roles by directing, guiding, motivating, supporting and communicating without losing their cultural ethos of caring and use various leadership styles to bring about actual change, which, in turn, requires learning so that the thought patterns, values and attitudes of personnel can be changed.
Type 1 Diabetes-associated HLA-DQ8 Transdimer Accommodates a Unique Peptide Repertoire*

Background: HLA-DQ2/8 heterozygous individuals have the highest risk for development of type 1 diabetes. Results: The disease-associated HLA-DQ2/8 transdimer exhibits unique peptide binding features compared with other HLA-DQ2/8 dimers. Conclusion: This newly identified binding motif predicts islet autoantigen-derived peptides as candidate T cell epitopes. Significance: Predicting new HLA-DQ2/8 transdimer-specific candidate T cell epitopes sets the stage for testing candidate diabetogenic epitopes. HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 are strongly predisposing haplotypes for type 1 diabetes (T1D). Yet HLA-DQ2/8 heterozygous individuals have a synergistically increased risk compared with HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 homozygote subjects that may result from the presence of a transdimer formed between the α-chain of HLA-DQ2 (DQA1*05:01) and the β-chain of HLA-DQ8 (DQB1*03:02). We generated cells exclusively expressing this transdimer (HLA-DQ8trans), characterized its peptide binding repertoire, and defined a unique transdimer-specific peptide binding motif that was found to be distinct from those of HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8. This motif predicts an array of peptides of islet autoantigens as candidate T cell epitopes, many of which selectively bind to the HLA transdimer, whereas others bind to both HLA-DQ8 and transdimer with similar affinity. Our findings provide a molecular basis for the association between HLA-DQ transdimers and T1D and set the stage for rational testing of potential diabetogenic peptide epitopes.
Compassion fatigue in family caregivers: a Wilsonian concept analysis.

AIM An analysis of the concept of compassion fatigue in family caregivers. BACKGROUND The term 'compassion fatigue' is predominantly used with professional caregivers, such as nurses, doctors and social workers. Secondary traumatic stress, burnout, and other related terms are often cited in the literature in conjunction with compassion fatigue. Although compassion fatigue is linked to professional caregivers as a result of exposure to traumatizing events, minimal knowledge has been developed regarding its presence in family caregivers. DATA SOURCES Literature published between 1980-2010 from the humanities, nursing and the social sciences, including psychology, sociology, social work, and religion, was reviewed. Data sources included dictionaries, newspapers and multiple academic databases, such as Academic Search Complete, Atla, CINAHL, PsychInfo, and PubMed. REVIEW METHODS Wilson's concept analysis strategy was employed to frame the analysis of compassion fatigue, using model, contrary, related, and borderline cases to illustrate the concept's meaning in relation to family caregivers. RESULTS Analysis revealed that the concept is predominantly used in relation to healthcare providers. Parallels are drawn between the role of healthcare providers and family caregivers. Compassion fatigue occurs when a care-giving relationship founded on empathy potentially results in a deep psychological response to stress that progresses to physical, psychological, spiritual, and social exhaustion in the family caregiver. CONCLUSION This concept analysis clarified the definition and revealed that the concept of compassion fatigue has potential use with family caregivers. Implications for practice and research are identified.
Daytime somnolence in an adult with smith–magenis syndrome

Daytime Somnolence in an Adult With Smith–Magenis Syndrome Toshiki Takenouchi, Hideyuki Saito, Naoki Oishi, Hiroyuki Fukushima, Rika Kosaki, Chiharu Torii, Takao Takahashi, and Kosaki Kenjiro* Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Department of Otolaryngology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Division of Medical Genetics, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
Reciprocal Inhibition between the Transforming Growth Factor-β-activated Kinase 1 (TAK1) and Apoptosis Signal-regulating Kinase 1 (ASK1) Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinases and Its Suppression by TAK1-binding Protein 2 (TAB2), an Adapter Protein for TAK1*

Background: The molecular mechanism underlies the inter-regulation between TAK1 and ASK1 MAP3Ks. Result: TAK1-TAB1 complex negatively regulates ASK1-mediated signal, and TAB2, an adapter protein for TAK1, reciprocally regulates the TAK1- and ASK1-mediated signaling pathway through the TAK1-TAB2 interaction and the interferences of TAK1-ASK1 interaction. Conclusion: TAK1 and its adapter protein, TAB2, reciprocally regulate both TAK1-and ASK1-mediated signaling pathways. Significance: We propose a new insight on the reciprocal regulation of TAK1 and ASK1 MAP3Ks. Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAP3Ks) are activated by a wide spectrum of extracellular stimuli and are involved in various cellular events including proinflammatory and oxidative damage response through activations of two specific transcription factors, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1). Although members of the MAP3K family have both overlapping and distinct functions, the inter-regulatory mechanism of MAP3Ks remains largely unknown. In this study we demonstrated that transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1)-TAK1-binding protein 1 (TAB1) complex negatively regulates ASK1-mediated signaling, and TAB2 reciprocally regulates TAK1-induced NF-κB and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1)-mediated AP-1 activations through the TAK1-TAB2 interaction and the interferences of TAK1-ASK1 interaction. TAK1 interacted with the N or C terminus of ASK1 through the C-terminal TAB2 binding domain of TAK1, with resultant inhibition of ASK1-induced AP-1 activation. Interestingly, the interaction between TAK1 and TAB2 significantly attenuated the ASK1-TAK1 interaction through the competitive interaction with ASK1 to TAK1 and resulted in the activations of TAK1-induced activations of NF-κB and AP-1. More interestingly, H2O2- and TNF-α-induced apoptosis in TAK1-deficient mouse embryo fibroblast cells were dramatically enhanced by overexpression of ASK1, whereas the apoptosis was markedly inhibited by the overexpression of TAK1. Overall, these results demonstrate that TAK1 and its adapter protein, TAB2, reciprocally regulate both TAK1- and ASK1-mediated signaling pathways to direct the activations of NF-κB and AP-1.
Multipl Sklerozda Gebelik ve Postpartum Dönem

Objectives: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. The disease particularly affects women of childbearing age. In this study we report the pregnancy and postpartum period in multiple sclerosis patients who were followed up in our clinic. Method: Retrospective data from MS patients who became pregnant at any time of disease were collected in Inonu University Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Department of Neurology Multiple sclerosis clinic. Results: Data on 110 women MS patients files were examined. There were 25 MS patients who became pregnant. 17 of 25 patients were prediagnosis group, 8 patients were after diagnosis group. Relapse rate in pregnancy was very low in our patients. There was no complications in newborns. The patients who experienced relapse usually had this relapse in 1-9 months after delivery. Conclusions: Our patients had lower relapse rate (4%) in pregnancy. In postpartum period, the relapse rate increases especially during the first three months after delivery. Key words: Multiple Sclerosis; Pregnancy; Postpartum Period.
A new state-feedback control based 3 phase PWM inverter with improved parallel resonant DC link

A novel state feedback controller based on the model state equations and a calculation method for the output filter current for a three-phase pulse-width-modulation (PWM) inverter is described. The controller is implemented in a d-q frame using the discrete expression of the inverter state equations, including the load. The control scheme uses the space vector PWM method in order to generate switching patterns for power MOSFET devices. An improved high-frequency parallel resonant DC link is introduced to reduce the output LC filter size and provide a zero voltage environment for power devices. A unique feature of the new parallel quasi-resonant DC link is the enhanced double PWM capability so that both the high-side and the low-side PWM time durations of the voltage pulses are modulated using an auxiliary circuit. Analysis under current source load conditions is presented, together with simulation results. <<ETX>>