Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Depression, anxiety and perceived stress in women with and without PCOS: a community-based study

Abstract Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with increased psychological distress in clinical populations. We aimed to assess depression, anxiety and perceived stress in women with and without PCOS in a large community-based sample and investigate the role of stress in contributing to and mediating the relationship between PCOS, depression and anxiety. Methods A cross-sectional analysis was performed from the Australian Longitudinal Study of Women's Health (ALWSH) comparing women with (n = 478) or without (n = 8134) a self-reported diagnosis of PCOS. Main outcome measures were depression, anxiety and perceived stress measured using validated scales. The χ2 and t tests were used to assess differences between groups. Univariable and multivariable regression were performed to determine factors contributing to each outcome. Results Women reporting PCOS, compared with women not reporting PCOS, reported higher prevalence of depression (27.3% v. 18.8%), anxiety symptoms (50% v. 39.2%) and greater score for perceived stress (1.01 ± 0.03 v. 0.88 ± 0.01). After adjusting for body mass index, infertility and socio-demographic factors, women with PCOS were still more likely to be depressed, anxious and to have a higher level of perceived stress. There was a high-level mediation effect of stress between PCOS and both depression and anxiety. Conclusion Compared with women not reporting PCOS, women reporting PCOS have increased depression, anxiety and perceived stress. Stress may play a role in the association between PCOS, depression and anxiety. Further studies should consider assessment and management of stress in PCOS as it may be relevant for understanding the aetiology and treatment of psychological distress.
Exploration Scheduling for Replay Events in GUI Testing on Android Apps

Android GUI testing is an important research field to maintain software quality of Android apps. Although many GUI testing schemes have been investigated in the past, the discussion of exploration event scheduling has not been investigated comprehensively for the event replay process. Based on the component priority relationship, this study proposes a novel exploration event scheduling scheme called CPR to reduce the number of the testing events in the replay process. Compared with the breadth-first traversal scheme, the proposed CPR scheme can reduce up to 62% of testing events for achieving the same component coverage, and up to 69% of testing events for layout traversal. Compared with the depth-first traversal scheme, CPR can reduce up to 15% of testing events for achieving the same component coverage, and up to 42% of testing events for layout traversal. With respect to the testing time, CPR can achieve the best performance for most of the AUTs in the empirical study. The results of the empirical experiments show that the proposed CPR scheduling scheme can have the benefits in improving the testing performance.
BrainWave: A Matlab Toolbox for Beamformer Source Analysis of MEG Data

BrainWave is an easy-to-use Matlab toolbox for the analysis of magnetoencephalography data. It provides a graphical user interface for performing minimum-variance beamforming analysis with rapid and interactive visualization of evoked and induced brain activity. This article provides an overview of the main features of BrainWave with a step-by-step demonstration of how to proceed from raw experimental data to group source images and time series analyses. This includes data selection and pre-processing, magnetic resonance image co-registration and normalization procedures, and the generation of volumetric (whole-brain) or cortical surface based source images, and corresponding source time series as virtual sensor waveforms and their time-frequency representations. We illustrate these steps using example data from a recently published study on response inhibition (Isabella et al., 2015) using the sustained attention to response task paradigm in 12 healthy adult participants. In this task participants were required to press a button with their right index finger to a rapidly presented series of numerical digits and withhold their response to an infrequently presented target digit. This paradigm elicited movement-locked brain responses, as well as task-related modulation of brain rhythmic activity in different frequency bands (e.g., theta, beta, and gamma), and is used to illustrate two different types of source reconstruction implemented in the BrainWave toolbox: (1) event-related beamforming of averaged brain responses and (2) beamformer analysis of modulation of rhythmic brain activity using the synthetic aperture magnetometry algorithm. We also demonstrate the ability to generate group contrast images between different response types, using the example of frontal theta activation patterns during error responses (failure to withhold on target trials). BrainWave is free academic software available for download at http://cheynelab.utoronto. ca/brainwave along with supporting software and documentation. The development of the BrainWave toolbox was supported by grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the National Research and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and the Ontario Brain Institute.
Histopathologic and physiologic effect of overlapping vs single coronary stents: impact of stent evolution

ABSTRACT Introduction: Bare metal stents (BMS) and drug eluting stents (DES) have been deployed in single and overlap configurations, the latter mostly to cover long-lesions. Both type of stents in overlap configuration increases the risk of adverse events. Areas covered: We present the rationale for either BMS or DES usage utilizing both preclinical and clinical studies for the use of single vs. overlapped stents. Further, employing experimental and pathological studies, we discuss the disadvantages of stent overlapping vs. single stenting and propose that vessel injury, local blood flow disturbance, higher drug/polymer dose are mechanisms leading to poor clinical outcomes including in-stent restenosis (ISR), delayed arterial healing, thrombosis, and hypersensitivity reactions. We also explore whether newer generation (2nd generation) DES with reduced strut thickness, optimized drug release profiles, better polymer biocompatibility minimize the disadvantages of stent overlap seen in 1st generation DES. Finally, we examine the reasons why fully bioabsorbable scaffolds resulted in increased adverse events. Expert commentary: DES innovations have minimized the risk of ISR and repeat revascularization. In contradistinction to 1st generation DES, major adverse cardiac events (MACE) is similar between single and overlapped stents in 2nd generation DES, suggestion stent design play an important role in clinical outcomes.
Retinal Morphology and Visual Specializations in Three Species of Chimaeras, the Deep-Sea R. pacifica and C. lignaria, and the Vertical Migrator C. milii (Holocephali)

The majority of holocephalans live in the mesopelagic zone of the deep ocean, where there is little or no sunlight, but some species migrate to brightly lit shallow waters to reproduce. This study compares the retinal morphology of two species of deep-sea chimaeras, the Pacific spookfish (Rhinochimaera pacifica) and the Carpenter’s chimaera (Chimaera lignaria), with the elephant shark (Callorhinchus milii), a vertical migrator that lives in the mesopelagic zone but migrates to shallow water to reproduce. The two deep-sea chimaera species possess pure rod retinae with long photoreceptor outer segments that might serve to increase visual sensitivity. In contrast, the retina of the elephant shark possesses rods, with an outer-segment length significantly shorter (a mean of 34 µm) than in the deep-sea species, and cones, and therefore the potential for color vision. The retinal ganglion cell distribution closely follows that of the photoreceptor populations in all three species, but there is a lower peak density of these cells in both deep-sea species (215–275 cells/mm2 vs. 769 cells/mm2 in the elephant shark), which represents a significant increase in the convergence of visual information (summation ratio) from photoreceptors to ganglion cells. It is evident that the eyes of deep-sea chimaeras have increased sensitivity to detect objects under low levels of light, but at the expense of both resolution and the capacity for color vision. In contrast, the elephant shark has a lower sensitivity, but the potential for color discrimination and a higher visual acuity.
A USE1ful Biomarker and Molecular Target in Lung Cancer?

it does. The authors demonstrated that ex-ogenous overexpression of USE1 in established lung cancer cell lines increased proliferation, migration, and invasion through membranes coated with extracellular matrix. Furthermore, in a xenograft experiment in nude mice, tumor growth of USE1-overexpressing cancer cells was found to be approximately three-fold greater than that of control cells. These results are consistent with the expression profile of USE1 in lung cancer patients. The authors went on to show that knockdown of USE1 expression by shRNA suppressed proliferation, colony forma-tion, and invasion of cancer cells in vitro. Of note, these effects were observed both in A549 (high endogenous level of USE1) and in TC1 (low endogenous level of USE1) lung cancer cell lines, albeit with more dramatic effect in the former, emphasizing the
Hydroxysafflor yellow A protects against angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy

Myocardial infarction (MI) is life-threatening and is generally accompanied by myocardial hypertrophy. Notably, Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) can prevent tissue injuries. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of HSYA on hypertrophy after MI. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining assays were performed to measure cell area. The protein synthesis rate was assessed using the 3H Leucine incorporation assay. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western blot analysis and the immunohistochemical assay were used to detect the expression of target genes. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were examined using commercial kits. Decreased myocardial hypertrophy was observed in animals treated with HSYA. Furthermore, the expression of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) was higher in HSYA administration groups compared with that in the MI model group. In H9c2 cardiomyocytes, the pretreatment with HSYA increased the cell viability, however, it reduced protein synthesis rate, mitigated cell surface area and decreased the expression of Brain natriuretic factor (BNP) and β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC). By contrast, the downregulation of Nrf2 deteriorated and reversed the effect of Ang II and HSYA. Furthermore, oxidative stress was alleviated by HSYA via inhibiting ROS generation, modulating the activities of SOD and MDA. In addition, the expression of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were recovered by the pretreatment of HSYA that was combated by siNrf2. In conclusion, HSYA exerted anti-hypertrophic effects, which was pertinent with the activation of Nrf2/NQO-1/HO-1 signaling pathway. The findings of this study may inspire a novel strategy to combat MI.
EFSM-Oriented Minimal Traces Set Generation Approach for Web Applications

Most of web applications models focus on sequencing of events, where the ignored parameters or DOM elements changes and the relationship between the execution conditions and web states are crucial for analyzing and testing the behavior of client-side of client-server web applications. In this paper, we first define a novel trace, which can represent dynamic behaviors of web applications more accurately. Then an EFSM-oriented minimal traces set generation approach is proposed for modelling web applications. In order to ensure the integrity of the EFSM model and improve the effectiveness of the modelling process, three adequacy criteria with respect to all events, JS branches and DOM structures, are applied to compensate the traces and to guide the minimal traces set generation by greedy algorithm. Finally, the minimal traces set is abstracted into an EFSM as the behavior model for web applications. We implement a prototype tool for the proposed approach and empirically evaluate that the minimal traces set generation approach based on two web applications. The results show that the traces generated by the approach is effective and the all JavaScript branches coverage criteria is most appropriate to select the minimal traces set used for modelling.
Cerebral venous thrombosis – epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment

E-mail: e.s. kristoffersen@medisin.uio. no Department of Neurology Akershus University Hospital and Department of General Practice Institute of Health and Society University of Oslo He is the first author and had the original idea for the manuscript. He has contributed academically and scientifically, with revision of the manuscript, literature searches and data interpretation. Espen Saxhaug Kristoffersen (born 1980), PhD, specialty registrar in neurology, and associate professor. The author has completed the ICMJE form and reports no conflicts of interest.
The Importance of Biophysical and Biochemical Stimuli in Dynamic Skeletal Muscle Models

Classical approaches to engineer skeletal muscle tissue based on current regenerative and surgical procedures still do not meet the desired outcome for patient applications. Besides the evident need to create functional skeletal muscle tissue for the repair of volumetric muscle defects, there is also growing demand for platforms to study muscle-related diseases, such as muscular dystrophies or sarcopenia. Currently, numerous studies exist that have employed a variety of biomaterials, cell types and strategies for maturation of skeletal muscle tissue in 2D and 3D environments. However, researchers are just at the beginning of understanding the impact of different culture settings and their biochemical (growth factors and chemical changes) and biophysical cues (mechanical properties) on myogenesis. With this review we intend to emphasize the need for new in vitro skeletal muscle (disease) models to better recapitulate important structural and functional aspects of muscle development. We highlight the importance of choosing appropriate system components, e.g., cell and biomaterial type, structural and mechanical matrix properties or culture format, and how understanding their interplay will enable researchers to create optimized platforms to investigate myogenesis in healthy and diseased tissue. Thus, we aim to deliver guidelines for experimental designs to allow estimation of the potential influence of the selected skeletal muscle tissue engineering setup on the myogenic outcome prior to their implementation. Moreover, we offer a workflow to facilitate identifying and selecting different analytical tools to demonstrate the successful creation of functional skeletal muscle tissue. Ultimately, a refinement of existing strategies will lead to further progression in understanding important aspects of muscle diseases, muscle aging and muscle regeneration to improve quality of life of patients and enable the establishment of new treatment options.
Differences of Passenger Unease Emotional Areas, An Experimental Case Study

Recently, it is beginning to be understood that the considering internal state of operator is important. A wrong internal state can lead to wrong control for the system and cause serious accidents. However, less consideration has been given to the operator's internal state in the design of safe control systems, and attention has focused instead on obvious instructions from the operator. For the purpose of considering the internal state of an operator in designing safe control systems, we first focus on an uneasiness feeling, based on the assumption that an uneasiness feeling could lead to wrong control of the system. If the uneasiness feeling can be removed or lessened, it should be possible to improve performance and reduce the occurrence of wrong control of the system. In this paper, we present an experimental environment that provides control for an autonomous car and generates random situations (accidental situations) in a play-model city that looks like an actual urban environment to obtain an immersive feeling. By controlling several physical parameters, we clarify the existence of the uneasiness area in some accidental situations depending on humanly perceivable physical parameters. In the evaluation we find some commonality and some difference in the uneasiness area among persons.
Effectiveness of exercise in office workers with neck pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Non-specific neck pain is a common health problem of global concern for office workers. This systematic review ascertained the latest evidence for the effectiveness of therapeutic exercise versus no therapeutic exercise on reducing neck pain and improving quality of life (QoL) in office workers with non-specific neck pain. Method Seven electronic databases using keywords, that is, ‘office workers’, ‘non-specific neck pain’, ‘exercise’ and/or ‘exercise therapy’, ‘QoL’, ‘strengthening’, ‘stretching’, ‘endurance’, ‘physiotherapy’ and/or ‘physical therapy’, were searched from inception until March 2017. Heterogeneous data were reported in narrative format and comparable homogenous data were pooled using Revman. Results Eight randomised control trials were reviewed and scored on average 6.63/10 on the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Five studies performed strengthening exercise, one study had a strengthening and an endurance exercise group, one study performed stretching exercise and one study had an endurance intervention group and a stretching intervention group. Five and four studies reported significant improvement in neck pain and QoL, respectively, when conducting strengthening exercise. When performing endurance exercises, one and two studies reported significant changes in neck pain and QoL, respectively. The one study incorporating stretching exercise reported significant improvement in neck pain. The meta-analysis revealed that there is a clinically significant difference favouring strengthening exercise over no exercise in pain reduction but not for QoL. Conclusion There is level II evidence recommending that clinicians include strengthening exercise to improve neck pain and QoL. However, the effect of endurance and stretching exercise needs to be explored further.
PED: Pedestrian Environment Designer

Pedestrian simulations have many uses, from pedestrian planning for architecture design through to games and entertainment. However, it is still challenging to efficiently author such simulations, especially for non-technical users. Direct pedestrian control is usually laborious, and, while indirect, environment-level control is often faster, it currently lacks the necessary tools to create complex environments easily and without extensive prior technical knowledge. This paper describes an indirect, environment-level control system in which pedestrians' behaviour can be specified efficiently and then interactively tuned. With the Pedestrian Environment Designer (PED) interface, authors can define environments using tools similar to those found in raster graphics editing software such as Photoshop™. Users paint on two-dimensional bitmap layers to control the behaviour of pedestrians in a three-dimensional simulation. The layers are then compiled to produce a live, agent-based pedestrian simulation using the FLAME GPU framework. Entrances and exits can be inserted, collision boundaries defined, and areas of attraction and avoidance added. The system also offers dynamic simulation updates at runtime giving immediate author feedback and enabling authors to simulate scenarios with dynamic elements such as barriers, or dynamic circumstances such as temporary areas of avoidance. As a result, authors are able to create complex crowd simulations more effectively and with minimal training.
RAB37 Hypermethylation Regulates Metastasis and Resistance to Docetaxel-Based Induction Chemotherapy in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Purpose: Epigenetic alterations play important roles in metastasis and drug resistance through gene regulation. However, the functional features and molecular mechanisms of epigenetic changes remain largely unclear in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) metastasis. Experimental Design: Gene regulatory network analysis was used to identify metastatic-specific dysregulated genes between normal and NPC tissues and the expression was validated in published Gene-Expression Omnibus data set. The regulatory and functional role of RAB37 downregulation was examined in NPC and was validated in vitro and in vivo, and downstream target of RAB37 was explored. The clinical value of RAB37 methylation was evaluated in NPC metastasis and chemosensitivity. Results: We identified RAB37 as a specific hypermethylated gene that is most commonly downregulated in NPC. Moreover, RAB37 downregulation was attributed to hypermethylation of its promoter and was significantly associated with metastasis- and docetaxel chemoresistance-related features in NPC. Ectopic RAB37 overexpression suppressed NPC cell metastasis and enhanced chemosensitivity to docetaxel. Mechanistically, RAB37 colocalized with TIMP2, regulated TIMP2 secretion, inhibited downstream MMP2 activity, and consequently altered NPC cell metastasis. Furthermore, RAB37 hypermethylation was correlated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with NPC. We developed a prognostic model based on RAB37 methylation and N stage that effectively predicted an increased risk of distant metastasis and a favorable response to docetaxel-containing induction chemotherapy (IC) in NPC patients. Conclusions: This study shows that RAB37 hypermethylation is involved in NPC metastasis and chemoresistance, and that our prognostic model can identify patients who are at a high risk of distant metastasis and might benefit from for docetaxel IC.
Demonstrating Par4Sem - A Semantic Writing Aid with Adaptive Paraphrasing

In this paper, we present Par4Sem, a semantic writing aid tool based on adaptive paraphrasing. Unlike many annotation tools that are primarily used to collect training examples, Par4Sem is integrated into a real word application, in this case a writing aid tool, in order to collect training examples from usage data. Par4Sem is a tool, which supports an adaptive, iterative, and interactive process where the underlying machine learning models are updated for each iteration using new training examples from usage data. After motivating the use of ever-learning tools in NLP applications, we evaluate Par4Sem by adopting it to a text simplification task through mere usage.
Model-Space Regularization and Fully Interpretable Algorithms for Postural Control Quantification

As falls prevalence increases with the aging of the population, early detection of balance degradation is of great importance for efficient prevention and treatment. This work addresses the problem of quantifiying static balance with fully interpretable learning algorithms. Our approach relies on a heuristic based variant of the aggregation of weak classifiers constrained with a new model-space regularization combined with a family of interpretable features. In our experiments, these models outperforms their regular alternative, opening promising new research directions.