Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Knowledge innovation hindering factors at Latvian enterprises

Purpose – Over the last decade, the competitiveness of enterprise has been dictated by the availability of knowledge and its application into successful innovations. Innovation capacity indicators in Latvia stay low and enterprises are considerably lagging in comparison with other European Union countries, data reflected at “European Innovation Scoreboard 2008”, where Latvia took 30th place among 32 countries. The purpose of this paper is the identification of knowledge innovation (KI) hindering factors at Latvian enterprises. The focus is to develop a KI management framework for Latvian enterprises.Design/methodology/approach – The research objective is achieved by analysing available statistical data, national development documents, empirical research and two discussions with participants involved with innovation systems. The author's practical interpretation of specific KIs basic elements is provided. The design of the paper is the following: theoretical aspects of KI, practical description of the curr.
Focus on the form versus focus on the message in lingua franca conversation

The present article looks at the speech of two Estonian twelfth-grade students in an informal conversation in English. The aim of the article is to characterise the speech of these two non-native speakers of English in terms of the communication strategies used and their effectiveness as judged by the further progress of the conversation. It is observed that the student who normally gets good marks at school considers correct linguistic forms to be important, but at the same time she also has difficulties with using effective communication strategies when production problems arise in a conversation. The second student focuses primarily on conveying his message clearly and, when language-related difficulties occur, he skilfully employs effective communication strategies such as restructuring, circumlocution, approximation, word coinage etc. It is concluded that in order to communicate in a foreign language successfully, it is sometimes not enough to have a good command of the language and adequate amount of practice, some learners may also gain from explicit instruction in communication strategy, which can motivate them to be more active and fluent speakers of the target language. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5128/ERYa8.18
Performance benchmarking of signaling in ATM networks

The overhead associated with establishing switched virtual circuits (SVCs) in high-speed wide area ATM networks is an important performance factor in applications with client/server architectures, including the World Wide Web and low-latency applications such as command/control and modeling/simulation. This article quantifies this overhead by describing a benchmarking framework implemented in a reliable, portable, and easily expandable toolset designed to conduct measurements of well-defined parameters and performance metrics on equipment that is either isolated or connected to a live network. The usefulness of this toolset is then demonstrated in a test suite applied to assess call rates and connection establishment latency of point-to-point and point-to-multipoint ATM connections in the MAGIC, ATDnet, and AAI WANs, on the campus ATM LAN at NRL, and on individual switches in our laboratories.
Risk assessment: the global confidence uncertainty plume of SAKWeb ©

SAKWeb © (Spatial Autocorrelation and Kriging Web) is the first Internet geosoftware that provides access to a wider audience to boost geostatistical knowledge in conjunction with new tools. The enhancement of a global confidence uncertainty measure, based on the rescaled Ordinary Kriging (OK) variance of Isaaks and Srivastava (An Introduction to Applied Geostatistics. Oxford University Press, New York, 1989.), is the core of this paper. Hence, OK variance, variography, declustering methods and nearest neighbourhood analysis are reviewed in this paper. In addition, a detailed analysis regarding Geographical Information Systems (GISs) software implementation is presented, as well as SAKWeb © overall functionalities. It is expected that this accomplishment might be used by geostaticians with risk assessment troubles to layout a first raw global confidence plume after any Kriging surface interpolation.
Research of Software Defect Prediction Based on CART

Through the software defect prediction can effectively guide the rational distribution of software system development resources, so as to improve the quality of software and software reliability. In order to fully utilize the existing historical data to guide the software development of existing software system development, this paper based on an improved classification and regression tree (Classification and Regression, CART) algorithm software defect prediction models. The paper first principal component analysis of the data predicted correlation dimension (Principle Component Analysis, PCA) between data and reduce the data, and configured according to the theory and optimized CART decision tree algorithm, existing software defect prediction system, and with traditional defect prediction method, the experimental results show that the proposed prediction model has higher prediction accuracy and stability.
Statistical Texture and Normalized Discrete Cosine Transform-Based Automatic Soya Plant Foliar Infection Cataloguing

Soya beans are an important cash-crop, grown worldwide because of their use as a raw material in various industries involved in the production of sauces , mayonnaises, chocolates, baby-food, bakery, etc. Soya bean products are not only consu med by humans, but by pets too. They are also used as an alternative to fossil fuel in the form of bio-diesel. The research work presented in this paper highlights the problems associated with soya bean cultivation, and the reasons for yield loss in developing countries like India, C hina and others. In this paper, the colour image sensing and processing based infected lesion de tection method is proposed. Structural texture and normalized DCT-based feature descript ors for refined lesion histograms have been developed. Hybrid feature descriptors have been used as the input samples for four major soya plant foliar infections. The classification and testing accuracies are quite encouraging, and are above 89.9% and 92.3% respectively. Also, the results have been compared for only ST, ST-DCT, and ST-NDCT feature-based methods, and the use of STNDCT descriptors in cataloguing systems is suggested. Moreover, the method can classify four diseases, which creates confusion because of similar colour shades, and irregular and random shapes and sizes of lesions.
Urban Search and Rescue Robots: From Tragedy to Technology

The tragedy of September 11th 2001 at the World Trade Center is likely to propel search-and-rescue robotics into its next stage, just as the Kobe earthquake and the Oklahoma City bombing were the catalysts for this research domain. Tragedy hasn't been the only motivator for urban search-and-rescue advancements in the USA and Japan; international competition has motivated both countries, first with RoboCup Soccer and more recently with RoboCup Rescue. We may see inexpensive urban search-and-rescue robots mass-produced within five years if advances in hardware and software keep up.
Rate-adaptive H.264 video for information for global reach (IFGR)

Rate control for video transmission becomes extremely important in "bandwidth-precious" scenarios and added real-time constraints such as joint source channel coding make it even more vital. Hence, there has always been a demand for simple and efficient rate control algorithms. The approximate linear relationship between coding rate (R) and percentage of zeros among the quantized spatial transform coefficients (ρ) is exploited in the present work, to cater to such low-bandwidth, low-delay applications. The current rate control algorithm for H.264 is used as the benchmark for comparison. The extensive experimental results show that ρ-Domain model outperforms the existing algorithm with a more robust rate control, besides yielding a similar or improved Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and being faster
Outage and coverage considerations for microcellular mobile radio systems in a shadowed-Rician/shadowed-Nakagami environment

This paper presents outage analysis and the associated reuse distance and service area estimations for microcellular mobile radio systems that operate in a shadowed-Rician/shadowed-Nakagami (1960) fading environment. Outages caused either by the minimum carrier-to-interference ratio (CIR) requirement alone or by the CIR plus the minimum signal strength [or, equivalently, carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR)] requirements are considered. The desired signal is assumed to suffer from Rician fading while the interference signals from cochannel cells experience Nakagami fading. The interferers may have identical or different statistics. In addition, the local mean strength of the desired and interference signals may fluctuate due to shadowing.
A convective/stratiform precipitation classification algorithm for volume scanning weather radar observations

This paper presents a scheme that classifies reflectivity measurements from ground‐based volume scanning radar into convective and stratiform precipitation types. The algorithm developed in this paper uses the neural network approach as a tool for classification. The algorithm is trained and validated on radar data obtained from 18 Weather Surveillance (WSR‐88D) Doppler Radar sites in the southern United States, sampled over the period December 1997 to October 1999. For the training and validation of the neural network, classification information from a hybrid approach based on Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) classification products and low‐level ground radar reflectivity fields is taken as reference. The approach utilises PR's ability to observe the vertical structure of storms with high resolution (250 metres) and WSR‐88D's ability to observe the low‐level horizontal reflectivity magnitude and spatial variability. The method was applied to an extended dataset consisting of storm cases associated with squall line convection, mesoscale convective system, and widespread stratiform precipitation with embedded convection. The scheme is shown to have an overall 75% probability of detection, 18% false alarm rate, 67% critical success ratio, and 0.554 in prediction correlation (Cramer's V coefficient). It has an overall 4% overestimation and 27% underestimation of stratiform and convective rain areas, respectively. The classification results are compared to two current methods and improvements are shown in terms of the above statistical measures and through visual comparison with PR classification fields. The improved classification scheme derived herein will help establish more accurate radar reflectivity‐rainfall relationships and improve the retrieval of diabatic heating in different cloud systems. Copyright © 2004 Royal Meteorological Society.
A Case for Edge Coding: Beyond Process to Economics and Education

Consideration should be given to an extension or adaptation of the edge coding process in mailed survey data collection. Edge coding is a data processing method that does away with the need for coding sheets. Usually, the outside margin of a questionnaire is left blank or organized in such a way that spaces correspond to computer data card columns (Babbie, 1979). While edge coding is popular and provides an efficient intermediary transfer from actual response to key punch or tape input for data processing, a recent national survey has employed an additional procedure with excellent results and fiscal savings. Currently, the Center of Leisure Studies,,. University of Oregon, is completing the second phase of an international longitudinal study of goal assessment among municipal park and recreation administrators (see Edginton, 1979, for a description of Phase I). The study involves surveying approximately 1400 people nationwide, using an 8-page, 85item questionnaire. Discussion evolves around the following issues:
A Study of Electronic Annotation on Web Documents

This study develops an electronic annotation system, allowing users to annotate on hypertexts, to build up knowledge structure, and to browse instructions provided by the system administrator or the instructor electronically. The electronic annotation system is a distributed World Wide Web application based on HTTP access and allows annotations on HTML documents. The major functions of the electronic annotation system include highlighting texts, inserting and editing annotations, and organizing and presenting annotations hierarchically. The five interactive components of the electronic annotation system are Main Tool Bar, Hypertext, Annotation Editor, Hierarchy Viewer, and Instruction Viewer. A user test was conducted to investigate the effect of the location of electronic annotating (Annotation Editor) on reading performance in terms of recall and degree of satisfaction.
Available Storage Space Sensitive Replica Placement Strategy of HDFS

When HDFS runs for a period of time, the default HDFS replica placement strategy does not consider heterogeneous nodes and randomly selectes datanodes, so available storage space of each datanode are differenced from several G to tens of G range, HDFS may have some available storage space smaller datanode. If HDFS continues to write replica in these available storage space smaller datanodes,it may cause the failure of replica placement; These nodes run MapReduce tasks, MapReduce task may fail due to smaller storage space available. Therefore, this paper proposes an Available storage space sensitive replica placement strategy of HDFS,this strategy uses available storage space and current number of connections of per datanode to compute evaluation value, then chooses the biggest evaluation value datanode as the best datanode to place replica. The experimental results show that the strategy achieves placing replica in accordance with available storage space of datanode, effectively avoiding the available storage space smaller datanode, reducing the probability of writing replica failed because the available storage space is too small, shorten the file upload time.
Deep Web Data Extraction Based on Regular Expression

Data extraction is an important issue in Deep web data integration. In order to extract the query results of the Deep Web, it is firstly required to locate the target data block correctly. Due to the html source code of web pages can be parsed as well structured DOM, we proposed an effective algorithm for discerning the common path based on hierarchical DOM. Based on the common path and our predefined regular expression, the target data of the Deep Web can be extracted effectively. The experimental results on real websites show that our proposed algorithm is highly effective.
Efficient localized topology control for wireless ad hoc networks

While many fundamental ideas existed about twenty to thirty years ago, recent years we see tremendous research activity in wireless ad hoc networks due to its applications in various situations such as battlefield, emergency relief, and so on. Mobile wireless networking enjoys a great advantage over the wired networking counterpart because it can be formed in a spontaneous way for various applications. There are no wired infrastructures or cellular networks in wireless ad hoc network. Each mobile node has an adjustable transmission range. The nodes within each other's transmission ranges can communicate directly. Otherwise, two nodes have to communicate through multi-hop ad hoc wireless links by using intermediate nodes to relay the message. In this thesis, I focus on discussing one of the central challenges in the design of wireless ad hoc networks: efficient localized topology control. I study how to construct a sparse spanner efficiently as the network topology for a set of static or quasi-static wireless nodes such that, for any given pair of nodes, there is a power-efficient path. I first review previous results for topology control when the network is modeled by unit disk graph. Then, I propose several new localized structures: some bounded degree structures (Chapter 3), one planar spanner (Chapter 4), and one planar spanner with bounded degree (Chapter 5). All of these new topologies can be constructed efficiently and dynamically in wireless ad hoc networks. Moreover, they have some nice properties in improving the performance of the networks. Finally, I also show some simulation results and discuss the possible future works as a conclusion of this thesis.
Cultural Embeddedness and Contextual Constraints: Knowledge Sharing in Chinese and Arab Cultures

In a recent article Glisby and Holden have noted that the Nonaka and Takeuchi model of knowledge management needs to be used with caution. Its application is not universal because it must be seen primarily as a product of the Japanese cultural context from which it emerged. In the model each of the four modes is interpreted in reference to their embeddedness in Japanese cultural symbols, organizational structures and societal value systems. But we propose that, a fortiori, some aspects of this model do apply to modes of knowledge acquisition and transfer in other cultural contexts. In this paper we review the workings of the model and the four modes with reference to the cultural, organization–structural and value bases of Chinese and Arab societies. We demonstrate that the Nonaka and Takeuchi model maps partially, but differently from both Western and Japanese societies, on to each of these cultural contexts. In these cultures managers and organizational members will share knowledge with those with whom they already have a trustful relationship. This paper explores the implications of the fact that in China and the Arab world the sharing of knowledge cannot be taken for granted outside this context of trustful relationships. Copyright # 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Method and Application of Searching Hot Spot For Reengineering Software Using AOP

Complicated business logic makes program complexity more complicated. It`s inevitable that the program must undergo reengineering processes all the way of in its lifetime. Hot spot analysis that has diverse purposes is getting an important question more and more. As a rule, reengineering process is done by UML model-based approach to analyze the legacy system. The smallest fragment of targets to be analysed is unit, that is function or class. Today`s software development is to deal with huge change of software product and huge class including heavy quantity of LOC(Lines Of Code). However, analysis of unit is not precise approach process for reliable reengineering consequence. In this paper, we propose very precise hot spot analysis approach using Aspect-Oriented Programming languages, such as AspectJ. Typically the consistency between UML and source is needed code to redefine the modified library or framework boundaries. But reengineering approach using AOP doesn`t need to analyze UML and source code. This approach makes dynamic event log data that contains detailed program interaction information. This dynamic event log data makes it possible to analyze hot spot.
Professional publishing in the UK: the literature of librarianship and information work, 1967-87

Book publishing for the profession expanded in the late 1960s and early 1970s. It stabilized towards the late 1970s and sales declined in the 1980s Professional bodies dominated production during the first decade; commercial publishers, apart from Clive Bingley, did not exploit the library market until the late 1970s For journals the main era of growth was the 1980s, new titles proliferating while subscriptions to existing journals declined The number of titles of both books and journals increased as the print runs and sales of individual titles decreased, mirroring the pattern of the publishing industry in general
27.4: A 10‐Bit Serial Integration‐Type DAC Architecture for AMLCD Column Drivers

A 10‐bit serial integration‐type DAC architecture based on discrete‐time integrator using switched‐capacitor structure is proposed for AMLCD column drivers in this paper. This proposed serial DAC architecture can dramatically reduces its size by minimizing the size of capacitors used for integration using a simple capacitor swapping algorithm per frame. The design of the proposed DAC was dedicated to mobile application and has been fabricated in 0. 35μm 3.3V CMOS process.
Assessing the impact of a care innovation: telecare

The provision of health and social care for an increasing elderly population is a challenge facing many societies. Telecare, the delivery of health and social care to individuals within the home or wider community, with the support of information and communication technologies, has been advocated as an approach to reduce the rise in the number of elderly people in institutional care and to contain costs. A dynamic model is required to understand the systemic impact of telecare implementation over time. The paper cautions against overoptimistic expectations about the impact of telecare in the short term and emphasises that the benefits for healthcare systems may take a considerable time to be realised. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feature Extraction on Brain Computer Interfaces using Discrete Dyadic Wavelet Transform: Preliminary Results

The purpose of this work is to evaluate different feature extraction alternatives to detect the event related evoked potential signal on brain computer interfaces, trying to minimize the time employed and the classification error, in terms of sensibility and specificity of the method, looking for alternatives to coherent averaging. In this context the results obtained performing the feature extraction using discrete dyadic wavelet transform using different mother wavelets are presented. For the classification a single layer perceptron was used. The results obtained with and without the wavelet decomposition were compared; showing an improvement on the classification rate, the specificity and the sensibility for the feature vectors obtained using some mother wavelets.
Nasalisation in English: phonology or phonetics

In English, a number of rules affect the realisation of a nasal consonant or a segment adjacent to a nasal consonant. These include rules of Anticipatory Nasalisation, e.g. bean /bin/ [bĩn]; Coronal Stop Deletion, e.g. kindness /kajndnes/ [kãjnnes]; Nasal Deletion and optionally Glottalisation, e.g. sent /sent/ [set] or [set'] (see Malécot 1960; Selkirk 1972; Kahn 1980 [1976]; Zue & Laferriere 1979). These rules, characterised largely on the basis of impressionistic data, are widely assumed to be phonological rules of English. Yet current views of the relationship between phonology and phonetics make the distinction between phono-logical rules and phonetic ones less automatic than once assumed and a reconsideration of the status of these rules is warranted. In the present article, I use phonetic data from English to investigate these rules. Based on these data, I argue that Anticipatory Nasalisation results from phonetic implementation rather than from a phonological rule, as previously assumed. It is shown that the basic patterns of nasalisation in English can be accounted for straightforwardly within a target-interpolation model. I then investigate the phonological status and phonetic realisation of Nasal Deletion, Coronal Stop Deletion and Glottalisation. The interaction of these rules yields some surprising results, in that glottalised /t/ [t'] is amenable to nasalisation.