Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An automatic visual inspection method based on supervised machine learning for rapid on-site evaluation in EUS-FNA

In this paper, an automatic visual inspection method based on supervised machine learning is proposed to assist rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) for endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) biopsy. The aim of this method is to learn relations between content of cellular tissue including tumor cells and aspect of specimen image removed by the needle aspiration. For this purpose, a stationary Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is applied to classify the local statistics of the specimen images, because stationary GMM is known to be effective to estimate universal model. In this paper, some specimen images with their definitive diagnosis information are used as training images in GMM learning. The training images are also used in the supervised learning with their diagnosis information as teacher data, i.e. the rank of tumor cells content. Thus, the learning of statistical relation between the local image aspect and its rank of tumor cells content may be linked by the class index of GMM, using the training images. A simulation result shows that the proposed method is effective to assist on-site visual inspection of cellular tissue in ROSE for EUS-FNA, indicating highly probable area including tumor cells.
Elevated expression of CD80 (B7/BB1) and other accessory molecules on synovial fluid mononuclear cell subsets in rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE To assess the expression of important accessory molecules such as CD80 (B7/BB1) and CD54 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1) on potential antigen-presenting cells (APC) in the synovial fluid (SF) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS The level of expression of various accessory molecules on T cells, monocytes, and CD5+ or CD5- B cells from RA SF was compared, by multiparameter flow cytometric analysis, with the expression on peripheral blood (PB) mononuclear cells from the same patients and from normal controls. The functional significance of increased expression of these accessory molecules was assessed by the ability of the different cell populations to stimulate T cells in the mixed lymphocyte reaction. RESULTS Monocytes, T cells, and B cells isolated from the SF of inflamed joints of patients with RA expressed significantly higher levels of CD80 and CD54 than those from the PB of RA patients or normal controls. CD11b and CD11c expression also were increased on SF B cells, while SF monocytes exhibited enhanced levels of CD40. Further, we found that the elevated CD80 and CD54 levels in RA SF cells may enhance the capacity of these cells to act as stimulatory APC. CONCLUSION This is the first demonstration that specific cell subsets constitutively express increased levels of CD80 at a site of autoimmune pathology, which could potentially contribute to the initiation or maintenance of autoimmune disease.
Expressing an RbcS Antisense Gene in Transgenic Flaveria bidentis Leads to an Increased Quantum Requirement for CO2 Fixed in Photosystems I and II

It was previously shown with concurrent measurements of gas exchange and carbon isotope discrimination that the reduction of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase by an antisense gene construct in transgenic Flaveria bidentis (a C4 species) leads to reduced CO2 assimilation rates, increased bundle-sheath CO2 concentration, and leakiness (defined as the ratio of CO2 leakage to the rate of C4 acid decarboxylation; S. von Caemmerer, A. Millegate, G.D. Farquhar, R.T. Furbank [1997] Plant Physiol 113: 469–477). Increased leakiness in the transformants should result in an increased ATP requirement per mole of CO2 fixed and a change in the ATP-to-NADPH demand. To investigate this, we compared measurements of the quantum yield of photosystem I and II ([phi]PSI and [phi]PSII) with the quantum yield of CO2 fixation ([phi]CO2) in control and transgenic F. bidentis plants in various conditions. Both [phi]PSI/[phi]CO2 and [phi]PSII/[phi]CO2 increased with a decrease in ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase content, confirming an increase in leakiness. In the wild type the ratio of [phi]PSI to [phi]PSII was constant at different irradiances but increased with irradiance in the transformants, suggesting that cyclic electron transport may be higher in the transformants. To evaluate the relative contribution of cyclic or linear electron transport to extra ATP generation, we developed a model that links leakiness, ATP/NADP requirements, and quantum yields. Despite some uncertainties in the light distribution between photosystem I and II, we conclude from the increase of [phi]PSII/[phi]CO2 in the transformants that cyclic electron transport is not solely responsible for ATP generation without NADPH production.
Probability and Interstimulus Interval Effects on The N140 and the P300 Components of Somatosensory Erps

Event-related potentials (ERPs) evoked by somatosensory stimuli were studied in two experiments with manipulation of the interstimulus interval (ISI) in the range from 1 to 4 seconds and the stimulus probability from 10 to 50% in fine steps. All the stimuli were presented randomly on both index fingers as odd-ball paradigm, and the stimulus intensities on both sides were equally set at 2.5 times the subjective sensory threshold at which the stimuli could easily be ignored when delivered as nontarget stimuli. During the course of two experiments, the N140 was evoked by the target and nontarget stimuli, otherwise the P300 was evoked by the target stimuli alone. In the experiment on the effects of ISIs change, the N140 amplitude showed a tendency to increase with increasing ISI and the P300 amplitude increased with increasing ISI. In the other experiment on the effects of change in stimulus probability, the amplitudes of both the N140 and the P300 decreased with increasing stimulus probability. From the results across two experiments, it is argued that the effects of both probability and ISI changes on the amplitudes of both the N140 and the P300 do not directly reflect the recovery time of psychological functions but may also involve the complicated effects derived from the habituation of the individual generators and the difficulty for performing the task. Moreover, it is indicated that the stimulus intensity used is one of major factors to be considered for comparing results to discuss the effects of ISI and probability on the ERPs.
Functional characterization of the NCC27 nuclear protein in stable transfected CHO‐K1 cells

NCC27 belongs to a family of small, highly conserved, organellar ion channel proteins. It is constitutively expressed by native CHO‐K1 and dominantly localized to the nucleus and nuclear membrane. When CHO‐K1 cells are transfected with NCC27‐expressing constructs, synthesized proteins spill over into the cytoplasm and ion channel activity can then be detected on the plasma as well as nuclear membrane. This provided a unique opportunity to directly compare electrophysiological characteristics of the one cloned channel, both on the nuclear and cytoplasmic membranes. At the same time, as NCC27 is unusually small for an ion channel protein, we wished to directly determine whether it is a membrane‐resident channel in its own right. In CHO‐K1 cells transfected with epitope‐tagged NCC27 constructs, we have demonstrated that the NCC27 conductance is chloride dependent and that the electrophysiological characteristics of the channels are essentially identical whether expressed on plasma or nuclear membranes. In addition, we show that a monoclonal antibody directed at an epitope tag added to NCC27 rapidly inhibits the ability of the expressed protein to conduct chloride, but only when the antibody has access to the tag epitope. By selectively tagging either the amino or carboxyl terminus of NCC27 and varying the side of the membrane from which we record channel activity, we have demonstrated conclusively that NCC27 is a transmembrane protein that directly forms part of the ion channel and, further, that the amino terminus projects outward and the carboxyl terminus inward. We conclude that despite its relatively small size, NCC27 must form an integral part of an ion channel complex. —Tonini, R. , Ferroni, A. , Valenzuela, S. M. , Warton, K. , Campbell, T. J., Breit, S. N. , Mazzanti, M. Functional characterization of the NCC27 nuclear protein in stable transfected CHO‐K1 cells. FASEB J. 14, 1171–1178 (2000)
Using of CSRR and its Equivalent Circuit Model in Size Reduction of Microstrip Antenna

In this paper, compact microstrips patch antenna (MPA) whose size is reduced via the use of metamaterials is presented. When CSRR are placed, the shift in the resonant frequency to a lower value is promising because it suggests a reduction in patch size. Complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) is used instead of split-ring resonator (SRR). Equivalent circuit model to characterize the complementary split ring resonator in metamaterials is presented. By using the circuit model, it is shown that the use of a metamaterial can indeed greatly miniaturize the dimensions of the patch antenna.
Utilizing semantic web technologies and data mining techniques to analyze students learning and predict final performance

E-learning systems are becoming a fundamental mean of education delivery. Recently, data mining techniques have been utilized by tutors and researchers to analyze students learning with the aim to get deeper sight of it and improve the quality of the educational procedures. In this paper, we present a methodology to analyze students learning and extract semantic rules that can be used to predict student's final performance in the course. Specifically, the students' performance at interim tests during the semester is analyzed and the methodology utilizes decision trees and extracts rules to make predictions regarding the student's final performance in the course. The methodology has been integrated in an educational system used to assist students in learning the Artificial Intelligence (AI) course in our university. The educational system utilizes semantic web technologies such as ontologies and semantic rules to enhance the quality of the educational content and the delivered learning activities to each student. The methodology can assists the system and the tutor to get a deeper insight of the students' performance, trace students that are underachieving or in the edge to fail the final exams and also offer proper recommendations and advises to each one and drive broader pedagogical improvements.
Treatment of localized gingival recessions. Part III. Comparison of results obtained with lateral sliding and coronally repositioned flaps.

LOCALIZED GINGIVAL recessions often require some form of mucogingival surgery. The recession also may be associated with some other periodontal problem such as frenum or muscle pull, minimal width or absence of attached gingiva, persistent inflammation, or root hyper­ sensitivity, which might warrant treatment. In some cases, a localized gingival recession presents an esthetic problem, which may likewise be an indication for treat­ ment. Clinical studies have shown that the lateral sliding flap operation, and the coronally repositioned flap with a free gingival graft are predictable surgical procedures in covering denuded root surfaces. Comparison of these two procedures in a controlled human clinical situation has not been reported. The purpose of this study is to compare the biometric changes obtained on the recipient as well as on the donor or control tooth after performing a lateral sliding flap or a coronally repositioned flap with a free gingival graft in order to determine whether the expected results are similar after either procedure. Furthermore, a possible correlation between the amount of tissue coverage with these procedures on the width and depth of the recession will be tested.
Virtual man-machine systems: a perspective on the social integration of AI technologies

The question of whether machines can think like men, the classic AI paradigm, is academic. The fact is that a new task environment is emerging and most of the roles will be best suited to, and require the synergism derived from, man-machine interaction. Men will be required to form relationships with analogs of themselves on a level that is uncharacteristic of current man-machine interactions. Conventional models do not capture the virtual dependencies that are likely to evolve in these man-machine systems. The concept of men and machines as joint components of virtual systems is explored, social and psychological implications are examined and a model of manmachine interaction is developed within that framework. Permlsslon to copy without fee all or part of this material is granted provided that the copies are not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, the ACM copyright notice and the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of the Association for Computing Machinery. To copy othenuise, or to republish, requires a fee and/or specific permission. @ 1990 ACM 089791-416-3 /'90/0010/0033 $1.50
The effects of early versus delayed castration targeting androgen on prolonging survival in a mouse model of bladder cancer.

OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of early versus delayed surgical castration on prolonging survival and further to investigate the anticancer effect and potential value of targeting androgen in the therapeutic intervention of bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) was used to induce bladder cancer in male mice. Mice were randomly divided into three groups: the early castration group (on which castration was perform at 4 weeks after first time of BBN administration), the delayed castration group (on which castration was perform at 20 weeks after first time of BBN administration), and the sham-castrated group. Mice were monitored daily throughout their lifespan until cancer-related death or the progress of an obviously moribund appearance, at which time the mice were killed. Androgen receptor expression and cell proliferation and apoptosis analysis were also evaluated. RESULTS The average lifespan in early castration, delayed castration and sham-castrated groups were 315.8 days, 300.1 days and 254.6 days, respectively. Early castration conferred a statistically significant survival advantage when compared with the sham-castrated group (P < 0.05). However, the difference in the lifespan between the delayed castration group and the sham-castrated group was not statistically significant (P = 0.198). Both early and delayed castration significantly increased apoptosis of tumor cells when compared with the sham-castrated group (both P < 0.01), which was also accompanied by a significant decrease in cells proliferation (both P < 0.01). Prolonged survival of mice in early castration group was correlated with a lower G/B value (genitourinary tract weight/body weight) at death than the sham-castrated mice. CONCLUSION Early castration had an overall survival benefit when compared with the sham-castrated treatment in BBN-induced bladder cancer mice. This finding may enhance the feasibility of androgen ablation treatment in patients with bladder cancer.
Quantitative assessment of the impact of chemotherapy on ovarian follicle reserve and stromal function

Various chemotherapy agents, especially of the alkylating category, have been associated with premature ovarian failure but there is no quantitative evidence of chemotherapy‐induced ovarian damage in humans. The aim was to quantify the impact of chemotherapy on primordial follicle reserve and stromal function in human ovary with a prospective controlled quantitative histologic and in vitro study.
Submicroscopic chromosomal imbalances in idiopathic Silver–Russell syndrome (SRS): the SRS phenotype overlaps with the 12q14 microdeletion syndrome

Silver–Russell syndrome (SRS) is a heterogeneous disorder associated with intrauterine and postnatal growth restriction, body asymmetry, a relative macrocephaly, a characteristic triangular face and further dysmorphisms. In about 50% of patients, genetic/epigenetic alterations can be detected: >38% of patients show a hypomethylation of the IGF2/H19 imprinting region in 11p15, whereas the additional 10% carry a maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7. In single cases, cytogenetic aberrations can be detected. Nevertheless, there still remain 50% of SRS patients without known genetic/epigenetic alterations. To find out whether submicroscopic imbalances contribute to the aetiology of SRS, 20 idiopathic SRS patients were screened with the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Mapping 500 K array set. Apart from known apathogenic copy number variations, we identified one patient with a 12q14 microdeletion. The 12q14 microdeletion syndrome is characterised by dwarfism but it additionally includes mental retardation and osteopoikilosis. The deletion in our patient is smaller than those in the 12q14 microdeletion carriers but it also affects the LEMD3 and the HMGA2 genes. LEMD3 haploinsufficiency and point mutations have been previously associated with osteopoikilosis but radiographs of our patient at the age of 16 years did not reveal any hint for osteopoikilosis lesions. Haploinsufficiency of HMGA2 is probably responsible for aberrant growth in 12q14 microdeletion syndrome. However, in this study, a general role of HMGA2 mutations for SRS was excluded by sequencing of 20 idiopathic patients. In conclusion, our results exclude a common cryptic chromosomal imbalance in idiopathic SRS patients but show that chromosomal aberrations are relevant in this disease. Thus, molecular karyotyping is indicated in SRS and should be included in the diagnostic algorithm.
Protein Kinase C Beta Isoenzymes in Diabetic Kidneys and Their Relation to Nephroprotective Actions of the ACE Inhibitor Lisinopril

Inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) or beta isoforms of protein kinase C (PKC) are nephroprotective in diabetes mellitus. We investigated the influence of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus and of treatment with the ACE inhibitor lisinopril (4 mg/kg p.o. twice daily for 4 weeks) on the expression of PKC beta 1 and PKC beta 2 in the renal cortex of female Sprague-Dawley rats. Immunohistochemistry indicated an enhanced renocortical accumulation of macrophages expressing both MHC II, a marker for antigen-presenting cells, as well as PKC beta 2 in STZ diabetes which was confirmed by Western blotting demonstrating an enhanced renocortical expression of MHC II (1.8-fold) as well as of membrane-associated PKC beta 2 (1.9-fold). Whereas immunohistochemistry could not detect unequivocal alterations, Western blotting showed a rise in the renocortical expression of membrane-associated PKC beta 1 (1.7-fold) in STZ diabetes. Lisinopril lowered renocortical albumin content and proteinuria in STZ diabetes and attenuated the enhanced accumulation of macrophages expressing PKC beta 2 as well as the increase of membrane-associated expression of PKC beta 1 and PKC beta 2 in the renal cortex. The data suggest that the nephroprotective actions of the ACE inhibitor lisinopril in experimental diabetes mellitus were associated with and thus could be mediated in part by inhibition of diabetes-induced activation of PKC beta isoenzymes in the renal cortex.
Solution structure of the ubiquitin‐binding domain in Swa2p from Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The SWA2/AUX1 gene has been proposed to encode the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ortholog of mammalian auxilin. Swa2p is required for clathrin assembly/dissassembly in vivo, thereby implicating it in intracellular protein and lipid trafficking. While investigating the 287‐residue N‐terminal region of Swa2p, we found a single stably folded domain between residues 140 and 180. Using binding assays and structural analysis, we established this to be a ubiquitin‐associated (UBA) domain, unidentified by bioinformatics of the yeast genome. We determined the solution structure of this Swa2p domain and found a characteristic three‐helix UBA fold. Comparisons of structures of known UBA folds reveal that the position of the third helix is quite variable. This helix in Swa2p UBA contains a bulkier tyrosine in place of smaller residues found in other UBAs and cannot pack as close to the second helix. The molecular surface of Swa2p UBA has a mostly negative potential, with a single hydrophobic surface patch found also in the UBA domains of human protein, HHR23A. The presence of a UBA domain implicates Swa2p in novel roles involving ubiquitin and ubiquitinated substrates. We propose that Swa2p is a multifunctional protein capable of recognizing several proteins through its protein–protein recognition domains. Proteins 2004;54:000–000. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Precision of laser Doppler scanning in clinical use

Reactions of the cutaneous microcirculation to local stimuli have been quantitated in terms of area of erythema (planimetry), change in colour (colorimetry) and time‐dependent changes in perfusion (one‐dimensional laser Doppler fluxmetry (LDF)). Using the new technique of laser Doppler scanning (LDS) it is now possible to quantify and demonstrate two‐dimensional patterns of microvascular perfusion in terms of intensity and extent. The precision of this new technique was compared with the previously established techniques by examining the reactions of 15 healthy volunteers to the intracutaneous injection of carbacholin and isotonic NaCl solutions. Both stimuli were applied paravertebrally, on the left and right side. Reactions were examined alter 10 min. As a control for temporal reproducibility the examination was repeated on another day
Primera globalización económica y las raíces de la inequidad social en México

En este articulo se da a conocer la dinamica de la economia mexicana durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, periodo que se le conoce como la “primera globalizacion”. En este periodo, el pais avanzo economicamente, lo que se refleja en el crecimiento de la poblacion, de las ciudades y de la renta, al propio tiempo que aumentaria considerablemente la actividad del sector externo. Sin embargo, al mismo tiempo, se abre una clara brecha entre el crecimiento de la economia en terminos macroeconomicos y la escasa reparticion de la riqueza en amplios sectores de la sociedad, asi que el hilo conductor de este articulo es el analizar como es que a pesar de este desarrollo economico, se creo un modelo economico basado en – y es una herencia aun vigente en el Mexico contemporaneo- grandes desigualdades sociales que traen como consecuencia la ausencia de elementos que permiten cohesion social en el pais.
Reconstructing single-field inflationary actions from cosmic microwave background radiation data

This paper describes a general program for deriving the action of single-field inflation models with non-standard kinetic energy terms using cosmic microwave background radiation power spectrum data. This method assumes that an action depends on a set of undetermined functions, each of which is a function of either the inflaton wavefunction or its time derivative. The scalar, tensor and non-Gaussianity of the curvature perturbation spectrum are used to derive a set of reconstruction equations whose solution set can specify up to three of the undetermined functions. The method is then used to find the undetermined functions in various types of action assuming power law type scalar and tensor spectra. In actions that contain only two unknown functions, the third reconstruction equation implies a consistency relation between the non-Gaussianity, sound speed and slow roll parameters. In particular we focus on reconstructing a generalized Dirac–Born–Infeld action with an unknown potential and warp factor. We find that for realistic scalar and tensor spectra, the reconstructed warp factor and potential are very similar to the theoretically derived result. Furthermore, physical consistency of the reconstructed warp factor and potential imposes strict constraints on the scalar and tensor spectral indices.