Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High resolution ultrasonography in dermatology ; a psoriasis experience

Context: Ultrasonography has been increasingly used in dermatology as in inflammatory diseases like psoriasis as a tool for evaluation. Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the skin characterized by the presence of erythematous plaques. Severity of the psoriasis is determined by the area of involvement, intensity of the inflammation and elevation of the plaques. High-resolution variable frequency ultrasound imaging can be used increasingly for noninvasive objective evaluation of psoriasis lesions. Methodology: This is a cross sectional study; 30 patients with plaque type of psoriasis diagnosed in Department of Dermatology were included in the study. These patients previously did not receive any topical medications for at least one month and were not on any systemic medications for the past three months. Results: Healthy skin: Ultrasonography of the normal skin showed epidermis as a thin continuous hyperechoic with uniform thickness. The dermis appears comparatively less echoic, with uniform thickness, whereas the subcutaneous adipose tissue is characteristically hypoechoic separated by fibrous septa of connective tissue.Psoriatic plaques: Conclusion: High-resolution gray scale sonography with power Doppler imaging is a real-time, easily available, cost-effective and noninvasive imaging technique that can be used for assessing activity and treatment response of psoriasis. It has already been used in the evaluation of many dermatological conditions, and the skin images are obtained in a noninvasive, reproducible and quantitative manner.
BRIGHT LIGHT THERAPY FOR WINTER DEPRESSION: POTENTIAL OCULAR EFFECTS AND THEORETICAL IMPLICATIONS

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD*; Rosenthal eta/., 1984) is a syndrome of. annually recurrent depression in late fall and winter. In addition to typical depressive symptoms of dysphoric mood, fatigue, and anxiety, it is marked by atypical symptoms of hypersomnia and increased appetite (especially for carbohydrates) with weight gain . Remissions occur spontaneously in spring and summer , with some patients becoming hypomanic. Population surveys indicate increased prevalence with distance from the equator, and widespread subsyndromal occurrence of the symptoms (M. Terman eta/., 1989a; Rosen eta/., 1990). Given the temporal correlation of the depression with months between the autumnal and vernal equinoxes. reduced environmental light exposure is thought to be the main precipitating factor (Kern eta/. , 1982) . Indeed, SAD has been successfully treated with bright artificial light , with complete remissions often occurring within a few days. As the treatment was originally developed , full-spectrum fluorescent light (Vita-Lite. Duro-Test Corp.) was presented from a light box providing diffuse. direct illumination of about 2500 lux at the patient's eye level, with daily sessions lasting 2-6 h . Patients were instructed to face the light at a distance of about one meter. and . in most studies . to look into it intermittently. Scheduling of the treatment has been a primary variable of investigation. with comparisons of light given in early morning, at midday. in the evening. and twice daily in morning and evening (for cross-center review; Terman et a/., 1989c). In a controlled trial comparing light to the eyes or skin. it was clear that the clinical response primarily involved visual transduction (Wehr et a/ ., 1986) . Ophthalmological examinations of patients treated with 2500 lux have not revealed any induced abnormalities within the acute treatment phase (Rosenthal et a/., 1984; Wirz-Justice et a/ . , 1986). Longer-term effects still require monitoring. A recent treatment approach has increased light intensity-as a dosing manipulation-to approximately 10 000 lux, while reducing the average
Body mass index influences plasma concentration of neuropeptide Y in healthy female volunteers: a pilot study

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) was measured in plasma obtained from healthy female volunteers twice in the natural menstrual cycle or the hormonal cycle caused by oral contraceptives about 2 weeks apart. The ratio between the NPY plasma concentration in the second sample and the first sample was influenced negatively by body mass index (BMI). There were no differences in NPY plasma concentrations on comparing the first and second samples. Age and the use or non-use of oral contraceptives did not exert any influence. BMI might be a confounding factor when determining NPY in the plasma of healthy women.
Social jetlag and depression status: Results obtained from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety

ABSTRACT Social jetlag, the misalignment between the internal clock and the socially required timing of activities, is highly prevalent, especially in people with an evening chronotype and is hypothesized to be related to the link between the evening chronotype and major depressive disorder. Although social jetlag has been linked to depressive symptoms in non-clinical samples, it has never been studied in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). This study is aimed to study social jetlag in patients with major depressive disorder and healthy controls, and to further examine the link between social jetlag and depressive symptomatology. Patients with a diagnosis of MDD (n = 1084) and healthy controls (n = 385), assessed in a clinical interview, were selected from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. Social jetlag was derived from the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire, by calculating the absolute difference between the midsleep on free days and midsleep on work days. Depression severity was measured with the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology. It was found that patients with MDD did not show more social jetlag compared to healthy controls, neither in a model without medication use (β = 0.06, 95% CI: −0.03–0.15, p = 0.17) nor in a model where medication use is accounted for. There was no direct association between the amount of social jetlag and depressive symptoms, neither in the full sample, nor in the patient group or the healthy control group. This first study on social jetlag in a clinical sample showed no differences in social jetlag between patients with MDD and healthy controls.
From the globular to the fibrous state: protein structure and structural conversion in amyloid formation

The term ‘amyloid’ was used originally to describe certain deposits found post- mortem in organs and tissues, which gave a positive reaction when stained with iodine (Virchow, 1854). Only later was it realized that the material was in fact predominantly proteinaceous, although it is known to be associated with carbohydrates, particularly glucosoaminoglycans, when obtained from many ex vivo sources. With the increasing precision in the definition of amyloid, initially from its characteristic green birefringence when stained with the dye Congo Red (Missmahl & Hartwig, 1953), and later from its particular appearance under the electron microscope (Cohen & Calkins, 1959) and its X-ray diffraction pattern (Eanes & Glenner, 1968), it has become evident that it is a specific fibrillar protein state, which can also be formed by some proteins when denatured in vitro (Burke & Rougvie, 1972), and by synthetic oligopeptides (Bradbury et al. 1960) that may form amyloid spontaneously when placed in pure aqueous medium (Serpell, 1996). Although these latter may form useful experimental systems for the study of amyloid, its major interest at present is that it is associated with a number of prominent lethal diseases (Benson & Wallace, 1989; Pepys, 1994).
L’émergence de la violence dans la manifestation de rue. Eléments pour une analyse étiologique

L'engagement dans la violence est discontinu dans le temps et dependant lourdement de facteurs situationnels, ce qui plaide pour la necessite de faire porter l'analyse sur les processus. Nous avons en effet choisi de limiter l'analyse au moment meme de la manifestation, au nom d'une orientation theorique centree sur l'echange de coups plutot que sur les predeterminations. Dans cette perspective, nous montrons, a travers l'analyse de dossiers de police, que la violence est le plus souvent le produit d'un produit d'un processus iteratif d'adaptation tactique de chacun des protagonistes, ce qui implique que l'on mette sur le meme plan les strategies des mouvements et celles de l'Etat (autorite civile et policiere) au nom d'une identite de nature. Un certain nombre de facteurs determinants des violences sont identifies tant du cote des manifestants (nature des objectifs et repertoires d'action) que des autorites (perceptions du groupe par les forces de l'ordre, gestion patrimonialiste). Enfin, l'analyse suggere qu'il est egalement necessaire de prendre en compte un certain nombre de facteurs morphologiques tels que le nombre de manifestants, la succession des actions dans le temps et l'heterogeneite des forces de presence.
Eine Strategie zur Sicherung von Aufträgen in Mehrprogramm-Betriebssystemen/ A strategy for securing tasks in a multiprogramming operating system

Nach Auftreten von Fehlern im Systemlauf eines Rechensystems ist es oft notwendig, den Systemlauf abzubrechen und das System neu zu initialisieren. Um die Folgen einer solchen Unterbrechung des Systemlaufs gering zu halten, muß das Betriebssystem Maßnahmen treffen, um möglichst viele der in Bearbeitung stehenden Aufträge trotzdem weiterführen zu können. Für Mehrprogramm-Betriebssysteme wird eine Strategie zur Sicherung von Aufträgen gegen Systemzusammenbrüche angegeben und die Vorgehensweise am Beispiel des Teilnehmersystems TNS440 beschrieben.
Stationary‐phase production of the antibiotic actinorhodin in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) is transcriptionally regulated

Production of actinorhodin, a polyketide antibiotic made by Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), normally occurs only in stationary‐phase cultures. S1 nuclease protection experiments showed that transcription of actII‐ORF4, the activator gene required for expression of the biosynthetic structural genes, increased dramatically during the transition from exponential to stationary phase. The increase in actII‐ORF4 expression was followed by transcription of the biosynthetic structural genes actIII and actVI‐ORF1, and by the production of actinorhodin. The presence of actII‐ORF4 on a multicopy plasmid resulted in enhanced levels of actII‐oRF4 mRNA, and transcription of actIII and actinorhodin production during exponential growth, suggesting that actinorhodin synthesis in rapidly growing cultures is normally limited only by the availability of enough of the activator protein. bldA, which encodes a tRNALeuUUA that is required for the efficient translation of a single UUA codon in the actII‐ORF4 mRNA, was transcribed throughout growth. Moreover, translational fusions of the 5prime; end of actII‐ORF4 that included the UUA codon to the ermE reporter gene demonstrated the presence of functional bldA tRNA in young, exponentially growing cultures and no increase in the efficiency of translation of UUA codons, relative to UUG codons, was observed during growth. The normal growth‐phase‐dependent production of actinorhodin in the liquid culture conditions used in these experiments appears to be mediated at the transcriptional level through activation of the actII‐ORF4 promoter.
Integration inconsistency removal in data mining

The technological progress in the areas of the hardware, specially in the field of the (secondary) memories where the ever increasing capacities are paradoxically in the last several years available at ever decreasing prices and smaller physical sizes, and the software, continuously more and more user friendly, efficient and cheaper, together with the general expansion of the computers to almost all human activities, make it easier to realize the integration of many already existing databases. Unfortunately the process of databases integration can be accompanied by many various difficulties and problems. One of them is surely the possible occurrence of the inconsistencies appearing in this process of the integration. As we will see these inconsistencies can occur at various levels and they can be of different types. At the next stage some users go even further and try to get more from the accumulated data through data mining techniques. A data warehouse can be considered as a suitable technology for this purpose. Having in mind the data mining view of a data warehouse, one needs to know the sources of possible inconsistencies when building such a data warehouse in order to eliminate them as much as possible. In the paper we will define several existence conditions under which can occur different types of the inconsistencies in a warehouse and we will propose a classification of these inconsistencies based on the their sources. We will also propose a methodology and a procedure both of which aim at the elimination of these inconsistencies.
How storing supply and demand affects price diffusion

Marcus G. Daniels, J. Doyne Farmer, Giulia Iori, and Eric Smith Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Rd., Santa Fe NM 87501 Mathematics Dept. Kings College, London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS (Dated: January 29, 2002) The limit order book is a device for storing supply and demand in financial markets, somewhat like a capacitor is a device for storing charge. We develop a microscopic statistical model of the limit order book under random order flow, using simulation, dimensional analysis, and an analytic treatment based on a master equation. We make testable predictions of the price diffusion rate, the depth of stored demand vs. price, the bid-ask spread, and the price impact function, and show that even under completely random order flow the process of storing supply and demand induces anomalous diffusion and temporal structure in prices.
A mechanistic study of the antibacterial effect of silver ions on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

To investigate the mechanism of inhibition of silver ions on microorganisms, two strains of bacteria, namely Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), were treated with AgNO(3) and studied using combined electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis. Similar morphological changes occurred in both E. coli and S. aureus cells after Ag(+) treatment. The cytoplasm membrane detached from the cell wall. A remarkable electron-light region appeared in the center of the cells, which contained condensed deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules. There are many small electron-dense granules either surrounding the cell wall or depositing inside the cells. The existence of elements of silver and sulfur in the electron-dense granules and cytoplasm detected by X-ray microanalysis suggested the antibacterial mechanism of silver: DNA lost its replication ability and the protein became inactivated after Ag(+) treatment. The slighter morphological changes of S. aureus compared with E. coli recommended a defense system of S. aureus against the inhibitory effects of Ag(+) ions.
Imaging of Dental Hard Tissue Surfaces Prepared by an Ultrashort Pulsed Laser System (USPL)

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare surface structures of laser-irradiated dental hard tissues using confocal (CFM), atomic force (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The general potential of the AFM in analyzing laser-irradiated surfaces was determined in this context. Specimens of human enamel and dentin were irradiated using an 8.6 W Nd:YVO4 laser with a pulse duration of 8 ps, λ Center=1,064 nm, and a pulse repetition rate of 500 kHz. Surface topology of irradiated areas (1 mm2) was investigated using AFM, CFM, and SEM. Surface roughness R z was measured only with the AFM and the CFM. For non-irradiated enamel and dentin surfaces, roughnesses for CFM and AFM are in the nanometer range. However, major differences in roughness were determined for laser-prepared surfaces. For enamel, R z (CFM)=2.33 μm is much higher compared with R z (AFM)=0.09 μm; in the case of dentin, R z (CFM)=5.35 μm is also much higher compared with R z (AFM)=0.093 μm. Information regarding structural properties of surfaces needs real dimensions, particularly for use in dentistry. In this respect, AFM technology provides no additional results that lead to a significant improvement.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children and Adolescents: a Somatic and Psychiatric Investigation

ABSTRACT. Twenty consecutive patients between 9 and 18 years of age with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) [ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD)] were assessed for the presence of psychiatric disorder. The prevalence of psychiatric disorder using the DSM‐111‐R criteria (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 3rd ed., revised), was 60% in the IBD group compared to 15% in a matched control group (p=0.009). The psychiatric disturbances were mainly depressive or anxiety disorders. The IBD children also scored significantly higher (p=0.0028) on the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) which was completed by the mothers. This indicates more behavioural problems in the IBD group than in the control group. The present study suggests that children and adolescents with IBD comprise a population at high risk for developing a psychiatric disorder that may not be overt but nevertheless plays an important interactive role in the course of the disease.
Complex networks and cost propagation

Information and communication technology business relies heavily in many kinds of different networks, which share the characteristic of becoming more and more complex every day. Complex network structure analysis may yield important information on the dynamical processes taking place in such networks. For example, modifications made in a certain node may have a certain cost, in turn amplified by further modifications due in neighboring nodes, as a consequence of the original change. This cost propagation may be strongly influenced by the complexity of the network topology. In the present work we present a simple model for cost propagation and numerically analyze the consequences of such complex topologies on associated propagation processes.
The role of platelet activation in tumor metastasis

Platelets are highly reactive components of the circulatory system, which exert not only haemostatic activity but also contribute to the modulation of various pathological conditions including inflammation, atherosclerosis and cancer metastasis through the release of cytokines, chemokines and the presentation of several adhesion molecules. During cancer metastasis, the formation of platelet–tumor cell aggregates in the circulation facilitates immune evasion and the microvascular arrest of tumor cells at distant sites. Several adhesion molecules, such as integrins and glycoproteins, were shown to be involved in this process. Recent findings indicate that P-selectin is another main mediator of platelet–tumor cell interactions. Other effects of activated platelets on cancer progression are associated with a release of platelet-derived factors stimulating tumor growth and angiogenesis. Any interference in platelet–tumor cell interactions resulted in attenuation of cancer metastasis. The well recognized, albeit not fully characterized function of platelets during cancer progression defines platelets as potential targets for cancer therapy. Specifically, the rapid expression of P-selectin on the cell surface of activated platelets and its strong association with metastasis provide a rationale for P-selectin inhibition as an antimetastatic treatment.
More evidence for an advanced prehistoric iron technology in Africa

Abstract Ethnographic and technological observations of iron smelting among the Raya people of NW Tanzania during 1976 and 1979 have contributed important new evidence for a technologically advanced culture in East-Central Africa. The ethnoarchaeology of Haya iron working shows that the Raya practiced an iron-smelting technology that employed preheating of the air blast—a highly efficient technique—and formed a massive steel altogether different from that known in the European tradition of iron production.Excavations in 1977 at the KM2 site near Kemondo Bay west of Lake Victoria in Kagera Region, Tanzania, provided abundant evidence for an ancient technology, dating to the first six centuries A.C. , that shared many similarities to the living iron-smelting technology. Excavations during 1978–1979 at the KM3 site, also located near Kemondo Bay, yielded physical evidence for the antiquity of the preheated process and provided definitive proof for a technology similar to the process in historical times. These.
Real-time, model based algorithm implementation for human posture classification

A generic platform for continuously and unobtrusively monitoring human motion activity is deployed. Wirelessly transmitted data from a single three-axis accelerometer integrated into the headband is collected in real time on a laptop, and then analyzed to extract two sets of features necessary for posture/movement classification. The received acceleration signals is decomposed with discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to extract the first set of features; any change of the smoothness of the signal that reflects a transition between postures is detected at the finer DWT resolution levels. Fuzzy logic inference system (FIS) then uses the previous posture transition and the second set of features to choose one of eight different posture categories, namely sit, stand, lie on back, lie on left, lie on right, bend, walk, and run. Using the classifier in typical everyday activity among multiple users indicated more than 96.9%, 94.2%, 97.5% accuracy in detecting the static postures, walking, and running, respectively. Identifying the dynamic transitions among these steady postures achieved 92.6% accuracy.