Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of Hypertriglyceridaemia Associated with Contraceptive Steroids

To determine the effect of estrogen and progestagen oral contraceptive steroids on plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels and triglyceride (TG) kinetics 38 women ranging 17-40 years in age were studied. 11 had been taking combined estrogen-progestagen contraceptives for 4-48 months. 7 had been taking progesterone alone and 5 had been taking estrogen alone. 15 women who had not used oral contraceptive steroids for at least 4 months were used as controls. All subjects were studied for FFA and TG turnover TG clearance rates and postheparin lipolytic activity (PHLA). Results showed that the plasma FFA concentration and turnover rate were not affected by any of these steroids. The TG concentration rate and turnover rate were increased in the women taking both the combined steroids and the estrogen alone while women taking progesterone alone showed a decrease in TG concentration but no change in TG turnover. The women taking the combined steroids also showed increased clearance of both endogenous and exogenous TG but their PHLA was unaltered. Those taking progesterone alone showed a decreased TG clearance rate and increased PHLA. Women taking estrogen alone had normal TG clearance rates but showed a significant reduction in PHLA. It is concluded that estrogen treatment produces an increase in TG turnover rates and that progesterone treatment produces increase in TG clearance. Further research is needed into the biochemical relationship of oral contraceptive steroids and insulin response to TG kinetics.
Serotonergic and non‐serotonergic targets in the pharmacotherapy of visceral hypersensitivity

Abstract Visceral hypersensitivity is considered a key mechanism in the pathogenesis of functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Targeting visceral hypersensitivity seems an attractive approach to the development of drugs for functional GI disorders. This review summarizes current knowledge on targets for the treatment of visceral hypersensitivity, and the status of current and future drug and probiotic treatment development, and the role of pharmacogenomic factors.
Sleep Deprivation Impairs 12-Hr Urine Volume Excretion in Old Rats

Excessive nocturnal urine volumes (UVs) predict almost double the death rate in older adults. Furthermore, sleep-depriving environments may increase nocturnal UVs in old age. Thus, a pilot study was designed to examine the effects of sleep-depriving lighting treatments on the 12-hr UV excretion in young adult rats (6 months, n = 6), middle-aged rats (12 months, n = 12), old rats (16 months, n = 6), and old-old rats (>20 months, n = 5). Each animal was exposed continuously to the treatments beginning with 7 days each of standard laboratory lighting conditions of on 12 hr/off 12 hr, then 7 days continuous dim lighting, and finally 7 days of continuous dim lighting plus sleep deprivation with a noxious noise. Age group and lighting condition treatments influenced 24-hr urine volume excretion (F (2, 29) = 2.41, p = . 007, r2 = . 8193). During sleep deprivation, rest-phase 12-hr urine volume excretion increased in both the old and old-old rats (F (2, 5) = 7.79, p < . 00001).
A Perspective-based Usability Inspection for ERP Systems

The inspection methods to evaluate the usability of ERP systems require more specific heuristics and most suitable criteria into this field. This article proposes a set of heuristics based on perspectives of presentation, and task support aiming to facilitate the inspection of usability in ERP systems especially for novice inspectors. An empirical study was conducted to verify the efficiency and effectiveness of inspections conducted with the proposed heuristics. The results indicate the efficiency and effectiveness to detect problems, mainly in medium-fidelity prototypes of ERP modules.
Temporal relationship between hyperaldosteronism, sodium retention and ascites formation in rats with experimental cirrhosis

To investigate the role of aldosterone in sodium retention and ascites in cirrhosis, the urinary sodium excretion, sodium balance and urinary excretion of aldosterone‐18‐glucuronide (UAidV) were serially measured in 11 rats undergoing cirrhosis induction with carbon tetrachloride (CT) and phenobarbital (CT rats) and in 10 control rats which received phenobarbital. All CT rats developed ascites, seven within the ninth week after starting the program and four within the 10th week. One week before the onset of ascites, CT rats and control rats were different with respect to sodium excretion (1.41 ± 0.15 vs. 1.82 ± 0.1 mEq per day), sodium balance (0.57 ± 0.12 vs. 0.20 ± 0.09 mEq per day) and UAidV (67.8 ± 9.5 vs. 25.7 ± 1.7 ng per day). These differences were more pronounced within the week in which ascites was detected in CT rats. Before these 2 weeks, both groups did not differ with respect to these parameters. In the 132 urine samples obtained in CT rats, there was a correlation between sodium excretion and UAidV (r = ‐0.53; p < 0.001). Twenty‐one additional CT rats were divided into two groups. Eleven animals were given spironolactone (20 mg per day s.c. in olive oil) from the 6th week, and 10 only received olive oil. Thirteen weeks after starting the program, all rats not treated with spironolactone had sodium retention and ascites (in five rats, ascites appeared within the ninth week and in five within the tenth week); this occurred in only one animal treated with spironolactone. This difference could not be due to a protective effect of spironolactone against carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity since both groups of rats were similar with respect to portal pressure and severity of hepatic lesions. These results are consistent with the concept that aldosterone plays an important but not the sole role in the pathogenesis of ascites in cirrhosis.
Role of imatinib mesylate (Gleevec®/Glivec®) in gastrointestinal stromal tumors

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are soft tissue sarcomas of the gastrointestinal tract that originate from mesenchymal cells. Advances in the systemic therapy of gastrointestinal stromal tumors are highlighted by the rapid development and approval of the molecularly targeted therapy imatinib mesylate (Gleevec®/Glivec®). Mutations of the KIT gene are known to be present in most gastrointestinal stromal tumors and result in gain of function, with permanent activation of the expressed KIT receptor in the absence of binding of the stem cell factor ligand. Imatinib is the first rationally designed selective inhibitor of specific protein tyrosine kinases, including KIT. Inhibiting the downstream signaling of KIT switches the cell balance into apoptosis. Although complete responses have seldom been seen up until now, imatinib has proven to be extremely effective in the treatment of patients with unresectable and/or metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors.
Quantifying the biodegradation of phenanthrene by Pseudomonas stutzeri P16 in the presence of a nonionic surfactant

The low water solubility of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is believed to limit their availability to microorganisms, which is a potential problem for bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated sites. Surfactants have been suggested to enhance the bioavailability of hydrophobic compounds, but both negative and positive effects of surfactants on biodegradation have been reported in the literature. Earlier, we presented mechanistic models of the effects of surfactants on phenanthrene dissolution and on the biodegradation kinetics of phenanthrene solubilized in surfactant micelles. In this study, we combined the biodegradation and dissolution models to quantify the influence of the surfactant Tergitol NP-10 on biodegradation of solid-phase phenanthrene by Pseudomonas stutzeri P16. Although micellized phenanthrene does not appear to be available directly to the bacterium, the ability of the surfactant to increase the phenanthrene dissolution rate resulted in an overall increase in bacterial growth rate in the presence of the surfactant. Experimental observations could be predicted well by the derived model with measured biokinetic and dissolution parameters. The proposed model therefore can serve as a base case for understanding the physical-chemical effects of surfactants on nonaqueous hydrocarbon bioavailability.
ONTOVERSE: Kollaborative Ontologieentwicklung mit interaktiver visueller Unterstützung

In dieser Arbeit wird die Plattform Ontoverse (Ontology und Universe) zur kooperativen und interaktiven Erstellung von Ontologien in Form eines semantischen Wikis vorgestellt. Ontoverse verbindet neue technische und informationsmethodische Lösungen für ein vernetztes, interdisziplinäres Informationsund Wissensmanagement mit neuen vertrauenswürdigen Formen und Modellen der Zusammenarbeit innerhalb einer wissenschaftlichen Gemeinschaft. Dabei wird der Prozess der Entwicklung von Ontologien visuell unterstützt. Die Ontoverse-Plattform eröffnet der Wissenschaftlergemeinde die Möglichkeit, kooperativ an der Konstruktion von fachspezifischen Ontologien zu arbeiten. Dadurch können Forschungsergebnisse besser genutzt und ihr Transfer beschleunigt werden.
Quantitative evaluation of the remodeling response of the proximal sesamoid bones to training-related stimuli in Thoroughbreds.

Eight untrained 2-year-old Thoroughbred horses were used in a study of the remodeling response of the proximal sesamoid bone (PSB) to training-related stimuli. Two horses each were assigned to 1 of 4 groups: group 1, untrained, pasture turnout (control); group 2, modified-classically trained, dirt track; group 3, classically trained, dirt track; and group 4, classically trained, wood chip track. Horses were given fluorochromic bone labels every 28 days during training. All horses were euthanatized after 5 months of training, and the proximal sesamoid bones (PSB) were removed. A midsagittal section of bone 85- to 95-microns thick was prepared for histomorphometric analysis by use of computerized image analysis and epifluorescent microscopy. Porosity (percent), trabecular width (micrometer), extent of anisotropy (percent), mineralizing surface (percent), fractional mineralizing surface (percent), and mineral apposition rate (micrometers per day) were determined at 5 circular regions of each specimen. Region 1 was located within the apex of the PSB, regions 2, 3, and 4 were subjacent to the subchondral plate, and region 5 was within the basilar articular margin. Data were pooled to allow comparison by training group and by region. The PSB from horses trained on dirt tracks (groups 2 and 3) had significantly (P less than 0.05) lower porosities and greater trabecular width, compared with the control group. The PSB from all training group specimens had significantly larger mineralizing surfaces than control group specimens. The fractional mineralizing surface revealed a rapid and vigorous response of the endosteal surface of the PSB in horses trained on dirt tracks. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
In-vitro activity of polycationic peptides against Cryptosporidium parvum, Pneumocystis carinii and yeast clinical isolates.

The in-vitro activity of magainin II, indolicidin and ranalexin against 14 clinical isolates of eukaryotic microorganisms was evaluated. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution, and activity against Pneumocystis carinii and Cryptosporidium parvum was determined by inoculation on to cell monolayers. For yeasts, peptide MICs and MFCs ranged from 6.25 to > 50 mg/L. Ranalexin showed the highest activity against Candida spp. , while magainin II demonstrated greatest anticryptococcal activity. The peptides suppressed the growth of P. carinii by > or = 50% and > or = 90% at 5 and 50 microM, respectively, with the exception of indolicidin. Ranalexin, the most effective compound against C. parvum, suppressed its growth by > or = 40% at 50 microM.
Normocalcemic effect of gallium nitrate in a hypercalcemic rat model.

An established rat hypercalcemia model was used to study the effects of gallium nitrate on elevated serum calcium levels. Gallium nitrate was administered by i.v. or i.p. injection at daily doses of 0.07-0.45 mmol/kg for 5 days to the hypercalcemic rats beginning 1 day following surgery. A dose-correlated normocalcemic response was observed. Gallium nitrate administered late after the induction of the hypercalcemic state was also effective in reducing serum calcium levels. The p.o. administration, however, even at doses as high as 0.45 mmol/kg, did not reduce serum calcium to normal levels. The values of area under the concentration versus time curve (0-24 h) of gallium in normal rats were comparable after i.v. [49.2 (micrograms/ml)h] or i.p. [57.0 (micrograms/ml)h] injections. In contrast, the p.o. route achieved only 15% bioavailability, which may explain the ineffectiveness of p.o. administered gallium nitrate at that dose level. This study suggests that daily i.v. bolus injections of gallium nitrate for managing hypercalcemia may be potentially as effective as the current regimen of continuous i.v. infusion.
Efficient search points reduction and ranking of Motion Estimation algorithms in video coding

In this paper, the performance of commonly used Motion Estimation (ME) algorithms are analyzed in terms of search point reduction and ranking for hardware implementation. Since number of searching point is not a direct measure of hardware performance, we first define, a cost function of accessing data in memory. Then, we make adjustments on the existing ME algorithms to minimize the problem of memory access by reordering the sequence of searching points, where the number of searching points and MAE/PSNR remains the same as the original algorithms. Finally, we calculate the memory cost improvement of each algorithm. Using the present analysis we see that the cost function of accessing data in memory can be saved from 68% to 80% and the number of search point can be saved from 87% to 94%. The experimental results showed that the ranking based on memory access cost for small motion video is SCDS > BBGDS > CDS > DS > 4SS > 3SS > FS and for high motion video the ranking is memory access cost is BBGDS > CDS > SCDS > 4SS > DS> 3SS > FS with lower computational complexity and similar video quality is maintained.
Theory of low-energy Raman scattering in glasses.

We work out a theory of low-energy Raman scattering in glasses. The scattering and the energy transfer are due to interaction of the light with the soft potentials in glasses. We exploit relations between the scattering cross sections at a certain energy transfer, \ensuremath{\Elzxh}\ensuremath{\omega}, and the mean free paths of sound and electromagnetic radiation for the frequency \ensuremath{\omega}. A comparison between the theory and experiment is made. An explanation of the boson peak is proposed. We come to a conclusion that the peak may be due to a reconstruction of the low-energy density of states due to interaction between soft harmonic oscillators. The interaction is enhanced with the frequency \ensuremath{\omega} and, as a result, soft harmonic vibrations, localized for comparatively small \ensuremath{\omega}, become extended (but not propagated) for bigger values of \ensuremath{\omega}.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE CORTICAL FIBRES WITHIN THE NUCLEI CUNEATUS AND GRACILIS IN THE CAT.

Several anatomical studies (Walberg, 1957; Chambers & Liu, 1957; Kuypers, 1958a, b) revealed that cortical (pyramidal) fibres are distributed to the nuclei cuneatus and gracilis. This evidence is corroborated by physiological findings which have demonstrated the existence of a cortical (pyramidal) influence affecting nerve cells in these nuclei (Magni, Melzack, Moruzzi & Smith, 1959; Levitt, Carreras, Chambers & Liu, 1960; Towe & Jabbur, 1962; Jabbur & Towe, 1962; GuzmanFlores, Buendia, Anderson & Lindsley, 1962). Walberg (1957) reported that the cortical fibres terminate primarily in the rostral parts and in the base of the nuclei, a distribution corroborated by Kuypers (1958 a). These findings suggest the existence of a pattern in the intranuclear distribution of the cortical fibres, which pattern might be related to some features of the internal organization of the nuclei. In order to investigate this possibility, the intranuclear distribution of the cortical fibres was compared with (a) the cytoarchitecture and the dendritic architecture of the nuclei, (b) the retrograde cell changes in the nuclei following the interruption of the medial lemniscus, and (c) the intranuclear fibre distribution of some spinal dorsal roots.
Prevention and Treatment of Dementia or Alzheimer’s Disease by Statins: A Meta-Analysis

Background/Aim: 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) are thought to reduce the amount of Abeta peptides by reducing cholesterol from blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid. We performed this meta-analysis to evaluate the preventive and treatment effects of statins on dementia and Alzheimer disease onset. Methods: Relevant studies were systematically identified, and data were abstracted according to predefined criteria. We used a fixed-effects model and a random-effects model to compute pooled relative risks and to assess statistical heterogeneity. Results: The pooled crude odds ratios in statin users as compared with nonusers were 0.67 (95% confidence interval CI 0.54–0.82) in the dementia group and 0.81 (95% CI 0.64–1.02) in the Alzheimer group. The pooled adjusted relative risks calculated by random-effects model were 0.77 (95% CI 0.45–1.30) in the dementia group and 0.81 (95% CI 0.56–1.16) in the Alzheimer group. Conclusions: Statin use did not show a beneficial effect on the risk of dementia or Alzheimer’s disease. Further study and independent confirmation of the association between statin use and dementia and Alzheimer’s disease in larger clinical trials are warranted.
On the relation between atmospheric visibility and optical wave attenuation

The knowledge about the relationship between atmospheric visibility and optical wave attenuation in the atmosphere is essential in order to predict the performance of free space optical communication links. In this paper, a study of the available models of visibility -attenuation relation is presented. Visibility and attenuation are measured on an experimental free space optical link with a wavelength of 830 nm. New models are proposed based on the least square fitting of data from this measurement.
Comparison among Various Question Generations for Decision Tree Based State Tying in Persian Language

(cid:3) Abstract (cid:178) Performance of any continuous speech recognition system is highly dependent on performance of the acoustic models. Generally, development of the robust spoken language technology relies on the availability of large amounts of data. Common way to cope with little data for training each state of Markov models is tree-based state tying. This tying method applies contextual questions to tie states. Manual procedure for question generation suffers from human errors and is time consuming. Various automatically generated questions are used to construct decision tree. There are three approaches to generate questions to construct HMMs based on decision tree. One approach is based on misrecognized phonemes, another approach basically uses feature table and the other is based on state distributions corresponding to context-independent sub-word units. In this paper, all these methods of automatic question generation are applied to the decision tree on FARSDAT corpus in Persian language and their results are compared with those of manually generated questions. The results show that automatically generated questions yield much better results and can replace manually generated questions in Persian language.
Differentiation of a Femoral Hernia from an Inguinal Hernia on Isotropic Multidetector-Row CT (MDCT): the Benefit of Inguinal Ligament Coronal-Oblique Images

Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic value of the use of inguinal ligament coronal-oblique CT images in the differentiation of femoral hernias from inguinal hernias. Materials and Methods: A total of 32 patients (with 11 femoral hernias and 21 inguinal hernias) underwent CT imaging. All of the examinations were performed with a 16multidetector row CT (MDCT) scanner with contrast enhancement, and transverse sections, coronal sections and coronal-oblique CT images were reformed along an imaginary inguinal ligament plane. Two independent observers retrospectively evaluated the CT scans. Image analysis was first performed with only transverse and coronal images. A second analysis was then performed with transverse, coronal and coronal-oblique images. Results: The mean angle difference between coronal and coronal-oblique CT images was 8.0 degrees (range, 0-22 degrees). A radiologist correctly diagnosed the presence of a femoral hernia in nine (82%) of 11 patients and a radiology fellow correctly diagnosed the presence of a femoral hernia in seven (64%) of 11 patients in the first session. Both of the reviewers made the correct diagnosis in all patients in the second session. For inguinal hernias, both reviewers correctly diagnosed all patients during both sessions. The coronal-oblique CT images were the most valuable images for the evaluation of the relationship between hernias of the neck and inguinal ligament. Conclusion: Inguinal ligament coronal-oblique CT images can provide additional diagnostic value in the evaluation of groin hernias.
Text Categorization with All Substring Features

本稿では,全ての部分文字列が素性として利用される文書分類モデル,及びその効率的な学習,推定手法を提案す る. 文書分類に有効な部分文字列は,単語と異なる場合や,署名やテンプレートなど,非常に長くなる場合が少な くない. しかし,部分文字列の種類数は文書長の二乗に比例するため,それらを素性として直接用いて学習する ことは,計算量的に困難だった. 本稿では,テキスト長に比例する個数のみ存在する極大部分文字列に関する統 計量を扱うことで,有効な部分文字列を漏れなく求めることができることを示す. また,拡張接尾辞配列を用い ることで,これらを効率的に列挙可能であり,全文書長に比例した時間で学習可能であることを示す. さらに L1 正則化を適用することで,コンパクトな学習結果が得られ,高速な推定が可能であることを示す. このモデルは, 形態素解析結果や TF/IDFなどの統計量と組み合わせられることを示し,従来の単語ベースの Bag of Words表現と 比較し,精度が向上することを示す.
Sequences in the U5-gag-pol region influence early and late pathogenic effects of Friend and Moloney murine leukemia viruses

Friend replication-competent murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV), clone 57, induces a severe early hemolytic anemia and a later erythroleukemia after inoculation of newborn IRW or ICFW mice, whereas Moloney MuLV (M-MuLV) induces only lymphoid leukemia. We have shown previously that the attenuated hemolytic and erythroleukemogenic abilities of an F-MuLV variant, clone B3, were due mostly to changes in the env gene and long terminal repeat, respectively. For the present study, we derived two constructs exchanging env fragments of F-MuLV 57 and M-MuLV and compared them with two constructs described by Chatis et al. (J. Virol. 52:248-254, 1984) exchanging the U3 region of the long terminal repeat of the same parental viruses. When comparing the hemolytic effect of these constructs with those of the parent, we found that the U5-gag-pol region of F-MuLV was required for development of severe early hemolytic anemia and that, unlike the env of F-MuLV B3, the env of M-MuLV was fully competent in inducing severe early hemolytic anemia when associated with the F-MuLV U5-gag-pol and U3 regions. As expected, induction of erythroleukemia depended on the presence of the F-MuLV U3 region; however, the presence of both the U3 and U5-gag-pol regions of F-MuLV appeared to be synergistic and was associated with a more rapid appearance of erythroleukemia.