Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does the ‘inverse equity hypothesis’ explain how both poverty and wealth can be associated with HIV prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa?

Whether it is relative wealth or relative poverty that drives the HIV epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa, is a controversial aspect of HIV/AIDS epidemiology. We suggest that the social epidemiology of HIV in Africa is changing. Previously, new infections were more rapidly acquired by those of relatively higher socioeconomic position (SEP). More recently, those of relatively low SEP are at greater risk. If confirmed, we further suggest in this paper that this pattern would be compatible with Cesar Victora's ‘inverse equity hypothesis’, first articulated in relation to child morbidity and mortality. The hypothesis suggests that those of higher SEP benefit first from new health interventions.1 Reviews draw different conclusions about the association between SEP and HIV infection within sub-Saharan African countries. Some authors stress that poverty is a key driver of HIV, and that poverty alleviation is the only sustainable solution.2 Others show that higher education and greater relative wealth are associated with greater HIV risk, making HIV unusual in this respect.3 A 2010 study suggests that contextual factors are key, and that ‘being poor or being wealthy may be associated with sets of behaviours that are either protective or risky for HIV infection’. 4 There might be several methodological reasons for diversity in the association between SEP and HIV infection rates noted in African studies. First, a range of different populations have been studied. Some studies have analysed data from unlinked anonymous HIV testing of samples collected among antenatal clinic attendees, while others have recruited study participants in household surveys of the general population. Both types of study can suffer from biases affecting the reported association between SEP and HIV.5–7 Second, study sampling frames vary. Some studies recruit participants from within small geographic areas while others have sampled nationally. Heterogeneity in SEP among study participants will …
Intratumor Heterogeneity of ALK-Rearrangements and Homogeneity of EGFR-Mutations in Mixed Lung Adenocarcinoma

Background Non Small Cell Lung Cancer is a highly heterogeneous tumor. Histologic intratumor heterogeneity could be ‘major’, characterized by a single tumor showing two different histologic types, and ‘minor’, due to at least 2 different growth patterns in the same tumor. Therefore, a morphological heterogeneity could reflect an intratumor molecular heterogeneity. To date, few data are reported in literature about molecular features of the mixed adenocarcinoma. The aim of our study was to assess EGFR-mutations and ALK-rearrangements in different intratumor subtypes and/or growth patterns in a series of mixed adenocarcinomas and adenosquamous carcinomas. Methods 590 Non Small Cell Lung Carcinomas tumor samples were revised in order to select mixed adenocarcinomas with available tumor components. Finally, only 105 mixed adenocarcinomas and 17 adenosquamous carcinomas were included in the study for further analyses. Two TMAs were built selecting the different intratumor histotypes. ALK-rearrangements were detected through FISH and IHC, and EGFR-mutations were detected through IHC and confirmed by RT-PCR. Results 10/122 cases were ALK-rearranged and 7 from those 10 showing an intratumor heterogeneity of the rearrangements. 12/122 cases were EGFR-mutated, uniformly expressing the EGFR-mutated protein in all histologic components. Conclusion Our data suggests that EGFR-mutations is generally homogeneously expressed. On the contrary, ALK-rearrangement showed an intratumor heterogeneity in both mixed adenocarcinomas and adenosquamous carcinomas. The intratumor heterogeneity of ALK-rearrangements could lead to a possible impact on the therapeutic responses and the disease outcomes.
Grandes déviations, physique statistique et systèmes dynamiques

La theorie des grandes deviations traite des comportements asymptotiques d'evenements rares. C'est le langage moderne de la physique statistique d'equilibre, qui semble offrir un cadre naturel pour une extension hors equilibre. Nous presentons dans cette these plusieurs applications, analytiques et numeriques, de cette theorie dans differents contextes. Nous montrons d'abord comment localiser numeriquement des trajectoires de chaoticite atypique de systemes dynamiques complexes. Nous etendons ensuite l'algorithme presente a une classe de systemes et d'observables plus large. La deuxieme partie de cette these montre sur un exemple comment le calcul de fonctions de grandes deviations d'un systeme hors equilibre peut parfois se ramener a un calcul d'equilibre. La derniere partie traite des chemins de reaction en chimie et de leur determination numerique. Le formalisme introduit repose sur la supersymetrie de l'equation de Fokker-Planck et redonne naturellement la theorie de Morse.
Protein inhibitors of proteinases.

PERSPECTIVES AND SUMMARY 593 INTRODUCTION 595 Limited Knowledge 0/ Physiological Function 595 Nomenclature Problems 596 0.2 MACROGLOBULINS 598 INHIBITORS WITH CLASS-SPECIFIC REACTIVE SITES 599 Inhibitors 0/ Carboxyl, Metallo and Sulfhydryl Proteinases 599 Inhibitors 0/ Serine Proteinases 601 The Standard Mechanism 601 The nature of the reactive site 604 Multiple reactive sites on a single polypeptide chain 608 The Inhibitor Families 610 The pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (Kunitzj family 610 Pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (Kazal) family 613 Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor family 616 Bowman-Berk inhibitor family : 616 Soybean trypsin inhibitor (Kunitzj family 617 Other inhibitor families 618 Inhibitors in mammalian blood plasma 619
Occurrence of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Environmental Samples

ABSTRACT Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are a major cause of opportunistic infection in immunocompromised hosts. Because there is no evidence of person-to-person transmission and NTM have been found in drinking water, the environment is considered a likely source of infection. In this study the widespread occurrence of NTM was examined in drinking water, bottled water, and ice samples. A total of 139 samples were examined for NTM by a membrane filtration culture technique followed by PCR amplification and 16S rRNA sequence determination to identify the isolates. NTM were not detected in bottled water or cisterns but were detected in 54% of the ice samples and 35% of the public drinking-water samples from 21 states. The most frequently occurring isolate was M. mucogenicum (formerly referred to as an M. chelonae-like organism).
INFLUENCE OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY ON PERFORMANCE OF LOGISTICS FIRMS IN KENYA

The main objective of the study was to establish the influence of blockchain technology on performance of logistics firms in Kenya. The study specifically aimed to determine the influence of Supply chain integration, determine the influence of inventory management systems, establish the influence of information sharing and to identify the influence of transactions security on performance of logistics firms in Kenya. The study was undertaken in 6 logistics firms situated in Nairobi. The study adopted a descriptive research design and the target population was a total of 396 logistics management staff from 6 of the selected logistics firms. The study adopted a stratified sampling technique to select a total of 202 respondents. Questionnaires were used as the main data collection instruments and a pilot study was conducted to pretest questionnaires for reliability. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the gathered data and the results were presented on tables and charts. Findings from the study showed that Supply chain integration; inventory management costs; information sharing and transaction security influences the performance of logistics firms in Kenya. The study concluded that block chain technology influences the performance of logistics firms through enhancing supply chain integration; reduction of inventory management costs; increased effectiveness in information sharing and improving transaction security across the supply chain players. The study recommended that the management of logistics firm should adopt blockchain technology in the execution of all supply chain integration functions. The study also recommended that management of logistics firms should effectively integrate blockchain technology in all inventory management functions, transaction processes and continuously update effective transaction security systems in order to safeguard confidential transaction information that is processed through the use of block chain technology. Key words: Supply Chain Integration, inventory management systems, Information Sharing, Transactions Security, block chain technology, Logistics Firms in Kenya CITATION: Mung’asio, K. K. , & Moronge, M. (2019). Influence of blockchain technology on performance of logistics firms in Kenya. The Strategic Journal of Business & Change Management, 6 (2), 265 – 285.
Opinion Mining Terhadap Toko Online Di Media Sosial Menggunakan Algoritma Naïve Bayes (Studi Kasus: Akun Facebook Dugal Delivry)

The Internet era has had an impact in various sectors of human life. One is the economic sector. Economic transactions change from the traditional pattern (face to face) to online. The customer does not need to ask about the condition of an item to be purchased to a close friend or family, but simply by reviewing the product from the same buyer's comments. Products that get good reviews mean good quality. However, a problem arises if the comment data is very large and will make it difficult for customers to summarize the quality. Therefore, an automatic opinion mining system is required which can directly give conclusions about the quality of a product. This research makes an opinion mining system by applying the Naive Bayes algorithm by taking a case study of facebook account Dugal Delivry. The measurement result with confusion matrix gives precision value of 88,89%, recall 80% and accuracy equal to 85%.
Antisense RNA regulation of the pAD1 par post‐segregational killing system requires interaction at the 5′ and 3′ ends of the RNAs

The par stability determinant of the Enterococcus faecalis plasmid pAD1 is the first antisense RNA‐regulated post‐segregational killing system (PSK) identified in a Gram‐positive organism. Par encodes two small, convergently transcribed RNAs, designated RNA I and RNA II, which are the toxin and antidote of the par PSK system respectively. RNA I encodes an open reading frame for a 33‐amino‐acid toxin called Fst. Expression of fst is regulated post‐transcriptionally by RNA II. In this paper, RNA II is shown to interact with RNA I by a unique antisense RNA mechanism. RNA I and RNA II contain complementary direct repeats at their 5′ ends and a complementary transcriptional terminator stem–loop at their 3′ ends. Deletion of the terminator or mutations within the terminator loop of RNA II severely reduced the rate of interaction in vitro. Mutations in the 5′ direct repeats of RNA II prevented the RNAs from interacting in vitro. For these mutations in RNA II, complementary mutations in RNA I were shown to restore interaction. The reduced binding efficiency of the RNA II mutants was paralleled by the failure of these mutants to suppress par‐mediated killing in vivo. These results indicate that regions at both the 5′ and the 3′ ends of the par transcripts are important for RNA I–RNA II interaction.
Government in the digital era: can we do more with less?

A sentiment increasingly echoed in the European Union is that we need more digital tools in the public sector to «advance the modernisation of public administrations»1. However, digitization of Public Administration (PA) is a complex task with a variety of legal implications, and its ineffective implementation can actually lead to large-scale inefficiencies2. The challenge currently facing our legal systems is how the human, software, and hardware resources required to efficiently and effectively transform paper-based procedures into digital processes can be acquired. In this context, the need to reorganize administrative activities – at the Italian level – is in conflict with the need to reduce public spending, an issue that has become a constant concern due to the economic stagnation that has characterized the last several years. This conflict is well represented by many recent Italian laws. For example, we may refer to the recent amendment that has expanded the right of access. In essence, as a result of the latest changes, now any individual, without being required to claim any particular interest, is entitled to request nearly any document held by a national PA. While requiring that the access through digital means shall be free of any charge3 though, the legislator has nevertheless provided that “the implementation of this Decree must not result in new or increased public spending” and that PA “shall comply with the provisions of this Decree with the human, instrumental and financial resources available under current legislation”4.
Is disgust sensitive to classical conditioning as indexed by facial electromyography and behavioural responses?

Earlier studies provided preliminary support for the role of classical conditioning as a pathway of disgust learning, yet this evidence has been limited to self-report. This study included facial electromyographical (EMG) measurements (corrugator and levator muscles) and a behavioural approach task to assess participants’ motivation-to-eat the actual food items (conditioned stimuli, CS). Food items served as CS and film excerpts of a woman vomiting served as unconditioned stimuli (US). Following acquisition the CS+ (neutral CS paired with US disgust) was rated as more disgusting and less positive. Notably, the conditioned response was transferred to the actual food items as evidenced by participants’ reported lowered willingness-to-eat. Participants also showed heightened EMG activity in response to the CS+ which seemed driven by the corrugator indexing a global negative affect. These findings suggest that classical conditioning as a pathway of disgust learning can be reliably observed in subjective but not in disgust-specific physiological responding.
Radiation pattern calculation for antennas installed in electrically large dielectric radomes

When a radome is electrically large and smooth (does not have sharp tips and edges), the high frequency method (PO and GTD) can be applied to predict reasonably accurate results. However, in real world problems, a radome is often constructed to have electrically small features and geometry discontinuities which cause reduced prediction accuracy by high frequency methods. In this case, the hybrid approach [5,6] is often used by which the electrically small features (small parts) are analyzed by a full-wave solver and the electrically large and smooth portion (large part) is treated using a high frequency method. The solution accuracy depends on the order of interactions between the small and large parts.
Hyalinising trabecular adenoma of the thyroid

Hyalinising trebecular adenoma (HTA) of the thyroid is rare and controversies remain regarding the diagnosis and management. It is an uncommon benign thyroid tumour that can present as a solitary thyroid nodule, a prominent nodule in a multinodular goitre, or as an incidental finding in a thyroidectomy specimen. Some considered HTA a unique entity, while others have proved it to be a variant of papillary carcinoma or have considered it a nonspecific pattern that may be seen with a variety of thyroid lesions. We report the case of a 31-year-old Chinese lady who presented with four years history of right sided goitre that was gradually increasing in size. Fine needle aspiration cytology showed appearances of follicular adenoma. Intra-operative frozen section histology of the excised right thyroid lobe was reported as trabecular adenoma which was confirmed with histopathological examination.
Infectious immunological tolerance.

Previous studies have shown that thymectomized lethally irradiated bone marrow grafted mice, reconstituted with thymocytes and pretreated with a large dose of sheep red blood cells (SRBC), are unable to respond to a subsequent immunizing injection of SRBC even after an inoculation of normal thymocytes. If, however, the mice are not thymocyte reconstituted prior to the pretreatment with SRBC, they can respond almost normally to an immunizing injection of SRBC if inoculated with normal thymocytes after the termination of antigen pretreatment.In the present study the immunosuppressive effect of the presence of thymocytes during the antigen pretreatment was studied by adoptively transferring the spleen cells of the antigen pretreated mice to thymus-deprived chimeras. These spleen cells not only did not co-operate with normal thymocytes in the secondary hosts, but they also prevented the co-operation of normal thymocytes with normal bone marrow derived cells. Untreated spleen cells or treated spleen cells from mice not reconstituted with thymocytes did not affect cell co-operation in the secondary hosts. The abrogation of the co-operation in the secondary host was specific in that the addition of spleen cells did not affect the anti-horse red blood cell response. If the primary host made antibody as a result of the pretreatment, the transfer of their spleen cells did not prevent antibody production in the secondary host.
Voltage‐activated sodium currents in a cell line expressing a Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase typical of familial ALS

THE whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp recording was used to study the voltage-dependent Na+ currents in a model system for the familial form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) associated with mutations in Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase. Here we report that the amplitude of voltage-gated Na+ currents is significantly reduced in cell lines expressing mutant Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase G93A when compared with the parental, untransfected cell line and to a cell line expressing the wild-type enzyme. This effect is associated with a shift toward positive values of the steady-state inactivation curve of the Na+ currents. These results indicate that expression of a Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase typical of patients affect with familial ALS influence the functionality of the voltage-dependent Na+channels; this effect may contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease.
Breast Effects of Bazedoxifene-Conjugated Estrogens: A Randomized Controlled Trial

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of bazedoxifene-conjugated estrogens on mammographic breast density and other breast parameters in nonhysterectomized postmenopausal women enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and active-controlled phase 3 study. METHODS: The 1-year Selective estrogens, Menopause, And Response to Therapy-5 trial estimated the efficacy and safety of bazedoxifene-conjugated estrogens in 1,843 postmenopausal women seeking vasomotor symptom treatment. A substudy enrolled 940 women with technically acceptable digital mammograms at screening and at 1 year. Treatments included bazedoxifene 20 mg and conjugated estrogens 0.45 or 0.625 mg, placebo, bazedoxifene 20 mg, and conjugated estrogens (0.45 mg) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (1.5 mg). Mammograms were centrally read by a single radiologist blinded to treatment and time sequence; percent breast density was determined using validated software. Noninferiority was based on a predefined margin of 1.5% for comparison of adjusted mean differences in breast density at 12 months. RESULTS: Bazedoxifene 20 mg and conjugated estrogens 0.45 and 0.625 mg demonstrated noninferiority to placebo in breast density. Mammographic breast density decreased from baseline with bazedoxifene 20 mg and conjugated estrogens 0.45 and 0.625 mg and placebo (mean −0.38% and standard error [SE] 0.22%, mean −0.44% and SE 0.22%, mean −0.32% and SE 0.23%, respectively). Conjugated estrogens–medroxyprogesterone acetate significantly increased breast density from baseline (mean 1.60%, SE 0.35%; P<.001) compared with placebo. Both bazedoxifene-conjugated estrogens doses showed rates of breast tenderness similar to placebo and significantly (P<.001) lower than conjugated estrogens–medroxyprogesterone acetate. No differences in incidence of breast-related adverse events were identified. CONCLUSION: Bazedoxifene 20 mg and conjugated estrogens 0.45 and 0.625 mg did not increase mammographic breast density or breast tenderness over the course of 1 year with a favorable breast-related safety profile. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, www.clinicaltrials. gov, NCT00808132. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: I
Successful Ridge Augmentation: The Challenge of Periodontal Tissue Engineering

Dental implants for tooth replacement are the current standard of care for the replacement of missing teeth [1]. This is the result of 50 years of ongoing and continual research and development of new and improved surgical techniques and armamentarium. The long-term success of dental implants depends upon the degree of osseointegration that can be achieved [2-4], which is largely determined by the volume and quality of bone available at the time of surgery and the minimization of mechanical forces on the bone over the life span of the prosthesis. Bone height and volume is often diminished in patients due to the extended time after tooth loss prior to implant placement or due to periodontal disease and or trauma [5,6]. This lack of sufficient bone height and volume is the major limitation impacting long term dental implant treatment success [5,7].
VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF THE ITALIAN VERSION OF THE BRIEF SENSATION SEEKING SCALE (BSSS) AND ITS INVARIANCE ACROSS AGE AND GENDER

Hoyle, Stephenson, Palmgreen, Lorch, and Donohew (2002) developed the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale (BSSS) selecting eight items of the Zuckerman, Kolin, Price, and Zoob’s (1964) Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS–V). The aim of the present paper was the validation of the Italian version of the BSSS. The scale was administered to 990 high school students. The BSSS resulted unidimensional, in line with the original scale, and invariant across gender and age. The reliability of the scale was adequate, and criterion validity measures considering the relation between BSSS scores and gambling behavior indices were provided. The overall findings of the present study offer evidences that the Italian version of the BSSS is a reliable and valid instrument to assess sensation seeking in a short time frame.
Feature Extraction of Global Seismicity by Principal Component Analysis

Predicting earthquake activity is desirable because it can save lives and reduce economic losses. However, constructing a predictive model is difficult because of the complexity of earthquake activity. Thus, we adopted a statistical approach for extracting seismicity features. We extracted features of global seismicity from an earthquake data catalog using principal component analysis to reveal the spatial linkages and time dependence of earthquake activity. For principal component analysis, we defined earthquake occurrence rate and regarded its time series as samples and regional labels as the dimensionality. We demonstrate that this method accurately identified past earthquake activity and revealed correlations between remote locations and time dependence of seismicity features. These results will help the construction of a predictive earthquake activity model.