Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Carbonaceous Fullerene Containing Mineral Shungite and Aluminosilicate Mineral Zeolite. Mathematical Model and Practical Application of Water Solution of Shungite and Zeolite

We studied the mathematical model of interaction with water of two natural minerals – amorphous, uncrystallized, fullerene analogous carbon containing natural mineral shungite from Zazhoginskoe deposit in Karelia (Russian Federation) and microporous crystalline aluminosilicate mineral zeolite (Most, Bulgaria). In this report are submitted data about the interaction of these minerals with water, obtained by non-equilibrium (NES) and differential-equilibrium energy spectrum (DNES) of water. The average energy (? E H. O ) of hydrogen ? …O-bonds among individual molecules H 2 O after treatment of shungite and zeolite with water measured by NES- and DNES-methods was at -0.1137 eV for shungite and -0.1174 eV for zeolite. The calculation of ? E H. O for shungite with using DNES method compiles 0.0025±0.0011 eV and for zeolite -1.2±0.0011 eV. This result suggests the restructuring of ? E H. O values among H 2 O molecules with a statistically reliable increase of local maximums in DNES-spectra. Also are demonstrated the prospects of using shungite, possessing high absorption, catalytic and bactericidal activity, as an adsorbent in water-treatment, water purification, and other industries. Keywords : shungite, zeolite, nanostructure, fullerens, water treatment, water putrification
Los sensores quy su utilidad en el control de gases contaminantes

This paper presents an extensive review of major research carried out in the area of chemical sensors and its application in the control of gases in sensitive environments to pollution. The gases considered in this study as contaminants of reference [1] are: carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3) and sulphur dioxide (SO2), as well as other compounds of impact as CO2, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), hydrocarbons (HC), oxides of nitrogen and sulphur in general (NOX and SOX). The existence of regulations have promoted the development of technology for the monitoring of the conditions in which are released to the environment pollutants to their control by providing essential information for an assertive decision-making. Then developed measuring equipment from contaminants based on di erent types of sensors and systems for monitoring necessary so that they can use in the monitoring and evaluation of the contamination [1]‐[3]. These systems include chemical sensors based on electrochemical and optical, piezoelectric transducers which, unlike the analytical methods, measure permanently and the place which produce atmospheric emissions and pollutants [4]‐[8].
Pengolahan Citra untuk Meningkatkan Visualisasi Lesi Jinak Citra USG Payudara

Salah satu modalitas diagnosis abnormalitas pada payudara adalah Ultrasonografi (USG). Pemeriksaan USG menggunakan gelombang suara frekuensi tinggi yang tidak bersifat pengion, sehingga aman bagi jaringan tubuh manusia. Namun, citra USG memiliki kelemahan, salah satunya adalah visualisasi yang kurang akibat tingginya tingkat noise pada citra. Kelemahan tersebut dapat dibantu dengan pengolahan citra. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengurangi noise dan meningkatkan visualisasi abnormalitas lesi jinak dan mikrokalsifikasi pada citra USG payudara. Program peningkatan kualitas citra dibuat dengan melibatkan enam kombinasi teknik filtering dan contrast enhancement , seperti seperti median filter , gaussian filter , wiener filter , CLAHE ( Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalitation ) dan intensity adjustment . Citra selanjutkan akan mengalami segmentasi dengan thresholdin g. Sementara itu, evaluasi kualitas citra dilakukan dengan pengukuran sinyal pada citra hasil, noise yang berhasil dibuang dan kuesioner ke dokter klinisi. Kombinasi gaussian filter dan intensity adjustment menghasilkan nilai sinyal tertinggi yaitu sebesar 408,57. Kombinasi median filter dan CLAHE merupakan kombinasi yang paling baik dalam mengurangi noise pada citra USG payudara lesi jinak. Secara umum, kombinasi median filter dan CLAHE merupakan kombinasi yang mampu menampilkan visualisasi lesi jinak yang paling baik.
Vector Representation of Gene Co-expression in Single Cell RNA-Seq

The sparsity of gene expression is a well known problem in single cell RNA-seq data. Known as dropout, the gene expression observed for each cell is only a fraction of the total transcriptome. Several techniques have been adopted to address this challenge including variable gene selection and expression imputation. We present an approach for ﬁnding dense vector representations of genes from co-expression that can be used in place of the sparse expression proﬁle over cells. By leveraging co-expression across all cells, each gene vector is a meaningful representation that is independent of missing data from individual cells. Similar genes, measured by cosine similarity between vectors, are found to correspond to known cell type markers. Using latent space arithmetic, these gene vectors have the additive capacity to accurately describe each cell and can be used to generate a low dimensional cell embedding. It is also possible to decompose and subtract sources of variation including batch eﬀects. Any feature that can be described as a set of genes can be represented as a composite of vectors. We demonstrate the application of these vectors in identiﬁcation of cell type markers, dimensionality reduction, and batch correction.
Efficient Expenditure Allocation for Sustainable Public Services?—Comparative Cases of Korea and OECD Countries

There have been contrasting trends in government expenditures spending among OECD countries. This study analyzed and compared the efficiency of government expenditures of OECD countries and Korea, focused on the health and welfare and social overhead capital (SOC) sectors, using data envelop analysis (DEA) and Tobit methods. Based on the indicator values of national ranking, Korea ranked 19th in the health and welfare sector and 10th in the SOC sector. However, compared to other countries in the OECD, Korea’s government expenditure has shown the highest efficiency in health and welfare (rank 1 with efficiency score of 2.401), while transportation SOC was at a level below the average (rank 13 with efficiency score of 0.813). In order to maintain a high level of efficiency in health and welfare expenditures, it is important for the Korean government to understand and improve conditions of the rates of poverty, unemployment, life expectancy, and low fertility. Moreover, in order to overcome the low level of efficiency in the SOC sector, the government needs to improve the quality of transport infrastructures along with implementation of an effective infrastructure-linking system between various modes of transportation, thereby enhancing its transport network density.
The stationary distribution of a stochastic rumor spreading model

In this paper, we develop a rumor spreading model by introducing white noise into the model. We establish sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of an ergodic stationary distribution of the positive solutions to the stochastic model by constructing a suitable stochastic Lyapunov function, which provides us a good description of persistence. Finally, we provide some numerical simulations to illustrate the analytical results.
Optimization of leaching conditions for extraction of magnesium from a chromite beneficiation plant tailing predominantly containing lizardite

In this study, leaching experiments were performed for extraction of magnesium from a chromite beneficiation plant tailing predominantly containing lizardite. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyzes showed that the tailing sample contains 39.3wt. % MgO and consist of predominantly lizardite mineral. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulphuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) were used as acids separately in leaching experiments. Acid concentration, leaching temperature, leaching time, and solid ratio were investigated as leaching parameters and optimized. Maximum magnesium extraction yield was determined to be nearly 98% for both acids under optimum leaching parameters which leaching temperature was 85 o C, solid ratio was 20wt. %, leaching time was 120 min, and acid concentrations were 6 M for HCl and 4 M for H 2 SO 4 . In addition, it was determined that the leaching residue as a solid state was mainly composed of amorphous silicate according to the XRD analysis. Dissolution rate data were explained using Jander equation. Mg dissolution process found to be diffusion controlled.
Optimization of TIG Welding Parameters for the 202 Stainless Steel Using NSGA-II

Tungsten Inert Gas welding is a fusion welding process having very wide industrial applicability. In the present study, an attempt has been made to optimize the input process variables (electrode diameter, shielding gas, gas flow rate, welding current and groove angle) that affect the output responses i.e. hardness and tensile strength at weld centre of the weld metal SS202. Process variables play an important role for a good quality weld. Taguchi based design of experiments was used for experimental planning and the results were studied using analysis of variance. The results shows that for tensile strength of the welded specimens, welding current and electrode diameter are the two most significant factors with P-values of 0.002 and 0.030 for mean analysis, respectively leading to changes in tensile strength. Whereas higher tensile strength was observed when electrode diameter used was 1.5 mm, shielding gas used was helium, gas flow rate 15 L/min, welding current 240A and groove angle 60o was used. Welding current was found to be most significant factor with P-value 0.009 leading to change in hardness at weld region. The hardness at weld region tends to decrease significantly with the increase in welding current from 160-240A. The different shielding gases and groove angle does not show any significant affect on tensile strength and hardness at weld centre. These response variables were evaluated at 95% confidence interval and the confirmation test were performed on suggested optimal process variable. The obtained results were compared with estimated mean value, which were lying within ±5%.
Molecular Orbital Calculations on Porphine and Tetrahydroporphine

The first three electronic transitions of porphine and the first five electronic transitions of tetrahydroporphine are predicted as simple one‐electron LCAO molecular orbital transitions (with overlap included). The electron densities and bond orders in the ground states are also computed. The observed levels are tentatively assigned to the predicted levels with the help of comparisons with spectra of other aza‐amine derivatives of conjugated hydrocarbons. Probable degeneracies and polarizations are determined. The blue shift and loss of intensity of the first electronic transition, in going from tetrahydroporphine to the larger conjugated system of porphine, is typical of the change from a ``long‐field'' to a ``round‐field'' molecule (see previous paper) and is shown to occur in several other ``long‐field'' systems when additional conjugated atoms are added at the side of the system.
Entwicklung von Zweikomponentenverfahren für die nichtdispersive IR-Spektroskopie (NDIR) mit Hilfe von chemometrischen Methoden

Spectroscopical procedures are well proven over years analysing solids, fluids and gaseous substances because of their high selectivity, sensitivity and their short response time. They allow continuous and non-destructive measurements wherefore the nondispersive spectroscopy (NDIR) is well locatet in the field of industrial gas analysis. In nondispersive spectrometers which were exclusively used for gas analysis no monochromator or modulator is used but selective detektors. Those detectors, nearly all of them are opto-pneumatical, are filled with the gas which should be measured. In the context of my work it was tried for the first time to analyse a mixture of two gaseous compounts with only one opto-pneumatical detector. For the two choosen mixtures of CO/CO2 und SO2/H2O it was tried to develop a new analysis method for each component while taking spactal data from databases, simulation tools and chemometrical, i.e. mathematical-statistical models. Therefore not only the intensity of the signals were used but the phase of the signals, too. Taking pure gas data calculative mixtures has been build. Afterwards they have been analysed by computer sumulated calculations. Based on these raw data calibration models were build and validated by pure gas and mixtures. In the available work the proof could successfully be made that also the NDIR spectroscopy in combination with chemometric can be used. The application possibilities cover the building of quantitative calibration models for the gas components which can be determined, as well as the determination of the filling gas condition of the detector. Thus could be pointed out in the form of simulation calculations for the first time, how by consideration of signal phases and amplitudes a genuine two-component analysis with a non-dispersive procedure can be accomplished.
The Hell Creek Formation, Montana: A Stratigraphic Review and Revision Based on a Sequence Stratigraphic Approach

The Upper Maastrichtian fluvial Hell Creek Formation of the Fort Peck Lake area, Montana (and regional equivalents) is notable for its vertebrate fossils and for the K-Pg mass extinction at or near its upper contact. Despite intense study, internal stratigraphy of the Hell Creek Formation is still poorly constrained, hindering study. This work reviews the stratigraphy of the Hell Creek Formation, as currently understood, and proposes important revisions to the recently proposed type section, particularly concerning complexity of the Hell Creek Formation basal contact. This work also subdivides the Montanan Hell Creek Formation into four 4th order depositional sequences, superimposed over a 3rd order marine transgression. Sequence boundaries are defined by four, laterally continuous disconformities formed by pauses in the creation of accommodation space, marked by overlying amalgamated channel complexes, or less commonly, correlative interfluve paleosols. Cyclicity in Montana may be correlative with similar 4th order cyclicity and marine influence documented in North and South Dakota, Alberta, and Saskatchewan. Magnetostratigraphy and new biostratigraphic data support correlation of the upper Montanan sequence with the North Dakotan Cantapeta tongue (and overlying fines) and Canadian Scollard and Frenchman Formations.
Clinical Pregnancy After Elimination of Embryo Fragments Before Fresh Cleavage-stage Embryo Transfer

Objective: To determine if the elimination of fragments in cleavage-stage embryos, before fresh transfer, improves pregnancy rates in in vitro fertilization cycles. Materials and methods: This is a Prospective observational case-control study carried out at a University Reproductive Center. We included Twenty-six infertile patients divided into two groups. Group one: 13 patients with embryos classified as grade B and C (embryos with fragments) according to the Hill classification, and Group two: 13 patients with grade A embryos (embryos with no fragments). Embryo Defragmentation was performed in embryos of group one 65 to 68 hours after conventional fertilization. Fresh embryo transfer was made after two hours post fragments removal. Reproductive results were evaluated and compared between both groups. Results: The total number of clinical pregnancies was nine. In group one there were 5 (38.5 %); in group two, there were 4 (30.8%). The difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.68). Two abortions were reported in the study, both in group one; were fragment elimination was performed. This represents an abortion rate of 40% in patients who got pregnant in this group. These patients had twice the probability of suffering an abortion (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.4-3.37). Ongoing pregnancies were similar in both groups. Conclusion: Removal of fragments in freshly transferred day three embryos could be an alternative to increase clinical pregnancy and ongoing pregnancy rates in patients who have only poor-quality embryos. Despite the relationship with a higher abortion rate, this strategy could represent a real alternative for this type of patient.
The 2017 Rigopiano Avalanche—Dynamics Inferred from Field Observations

Data on the disastrous snow avalanche that occurred on 18 January 2017 at the spa hotel Rigopiano, municipality of Farindola in the Abruzzo region of central Italy, are analyzed in different ways. The main results are the following. (i) The 2017 Rigopiano avalanche went beyond the run-out point predicted by the topographic-statistical α-β model with standard Norwegian calibration, while avalanches in neighboring paths appear to have run no farther than the β-point of their respective paths during the same period. (ii) The curvature and super-elevation of the trimline between 1500 and 1300 m a.s. l. indicate that the velocity of the front was around 40 m s−1. In contrast, the tail velocity of the avalanche can hardly have exceeded 25 m s−1 in the same segment. (iii) The deposits observed along all of the lower track and in the run-out zone suggest that the avalanche eroded essentially the entire snow cover, but fully entrained only a moderate amount of snow (and debris). The entrainment appears to have had a considerable decelerating effect on the flow front. (iv) Estimates of the degree to which different parts of the building were damaged is combined with information about the location of the persons in the building and their fates. This allows to refine a preliminary vulnerability curve for persons in buildings obtained from the 2015 Longyearbyen avalanche, Svalbard.
Outer Plexiform Layer Angle: A Prognostic Factor for Idiopathic Macular Pucker Surgery

Purpose. To investigate the efficacy of idiopathic macular pucker (epimacular membrane) surgery and to identify the possible prognostic factor. Methods. This was a retrospective study which enrolled 38 patients with idiopathic macular pucker who underwent 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with indocyanine green-assisted peeling of epiretinal membrane (ERM) and internal limiting membrane (ILM). Visual outcomes were assessed at the baseline and during the follow-up including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and metamorphopsia score, as well as outer plexiform layer (OPL) angle and central retinal thickness (CRT) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). A comparison was made between patients with the prepeeling CRTs ≥500 μm and those <500 μm. A comparison was also made between patients with the prepeeling OPL angles ≥130° and those <130°. Based on the prepeeling parameters, the correlations between various prepeeling and postpeeling visual functions were analyzed. Results. Mean follow-up was 36.07 ± 4.62 months (range 1.30–96.70 months). BCVA was significantly improved from 0.26 ± 0.03 to 0.67 ± 0.04 p < 0.001 ; metamorphopsia score was significantly reduced from 1.42 ± 0.16 to 0.61 ± 0.08 p < 0.001 ; CRT was significantly decreased from 519.62 ± 13.41 μm to 385.37 ± 8.97 μm p < 0.001 . Greater prepeeling OPL angle (≥130°) was associated with significantly greater BCVA improvement (Snellen E/LogMAR: p = 0.01 / 0.03 ) and greater metamorphopsia reduction p = 0.03 , as compared to smaller OPL angle (<130°) with less BCVA improvement and less metamorphopsia reduction. However, the final BCVA improvement and metamorphopsia reduction relevant to the prepeeling smaller CRT (<500 μm) did not significantly differ from that relevant to the prepeeling greater CRT (≥500 μm; p > 0.05 ). Endophthalmitis, retinal tear, or retinal detachment was not observed after peeling. Conclusion. Indocyanine green-assisted ERM/ILM peeling combined with small gauge vitrectomy is associated with significant visual acuity improvement and metamorphopsia reduction in patients with idiopathic macular pucker. Greater prepeeling OPL angle rather than CRT might act as a useful prognostic factor in predicting better final visual functional outcomes.
One-step synthesis of surface passivated carbon microspheres for enhanced photoluminescence and their application in multifunctional magnetic-fluorescent imaging

Multimodality molecular imaging has recently attracted much attention, because it can take advantage of individual imaging modalities by fusing together information from several molecular imaging techniques. Herein, we report a bifunctional contrast agent connecting MR and luminescent imaging. The bifunctional contrast agent, carbon@Gd-DTPA microspheres, arise from carbon microspheres, which are synthesized on a large scale through a Na3cit-assisted solution route. The T1-agent, Gd-DTPA, is then conjugated to the carbon microspheres through N-ethyl-N9-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) coupling chemistry using surface absorbed Na3cit molecules as an intermedium. Meanwhile, a formation mechanism of the carbon microspheres has been suggested. Furthermore, we also prove that the application of the carbon@Gd-DTPA bifunctional contrast agents for MR imaging and luminescent imaging can be established successfully. These results show that the primary Na3cit molecules have been confirmed to serve triplicate roles as an oriented agent to produce carbon microspheres, an intermedium to conjugate Gd-DTPA and surface passivation agents to improve photoluminescence.
Asupan Natrium Dan Tekanan Darah Sebagai Faktor Risiko Peningkatan Kadar C-reactive Protein (Crp) Pada Remaja Obesitas Dengan Sindrom Metabolik

Latar belakang: Sindrom metabolik tidak hanya terjadi pada orang dewasa, tetapi juga ditemukan pada remaja. Prevalensi sindrom metabolik pada remaja terus meningkat seiring dengan keparahan obesitas yang terjadi. Sindrom metabolik ditandai dengan peningkatan kadar CRP darah. Asupan natrium dan tekanan darah merupakan faktor risiko sindrom metabolik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besar risiko asupan natrium dan tekanan darah terhadap peningkatan kadar CRP pada remaja. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan di SMA Negeri 2 Semarang. Desain penelitian cross sectional dengan jumlah subyek 38 siswa yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Data asupan natrium didapatkan dari wawancara menggunakan Food Frequency Questionnaire satu bulan terakhir. Tekanan darah diperiksa dengan Sphygmomanometer. Kadar CRP diperiksa dengan teknik aglutinasi. Pengukuran tinggi badan menggunakan microtoise, berat badan menggunakan timbangan digital, dan lingkar pinggang menggunakan pita ukur. Data dianalisis dengan uji statistik rasio prevalensi untuk mengetahui besar risiko asupan natrium tinggi dan tekanan darah tinggi terhadap peningkatan kadar CRP. Hasil: Prevalensi sindrom metabolik pada remaja obesitas sebesar 15,2 %. Penelitian ini menemukan 8 (80 %) subyek dengan sindrom metabolik memiliki tekanan darah tinggi dan 10 (100 %) subyek dengan sindrom metabolik memiliki asupan natrium tinggi. Didapatkan besar risiko yang tidak bermakna antara asupan natrium tinggi (RP=1,031, CI 95 %=0,165-6,646) dan tekanan darah sistolik tinggi (RP=0,369, CI 95 %=0,028-2,471) terhadap peningkatan kadar CRP. Simpulan: Pada penelitian ini a supan natrium tinggi dan tekanan darah sistolik tinggi tidak terbukti dapat m eningkat k an kadar CRP. Asupan natrium tinggi memberikan risiko 1,048 kali terhadap peningkatan kadar CRP.