Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Applications of Network Science to Education Research: Quantifying Knowledge and the Development of Expertise through Network Analysis

A fundamental goal of education is to inspire and instill deep, meaningful, and long-lasting conceptual change within the knowledge landscapes of students. This commentary posits that the tools of network science could be useful in helping educators achieve this goal in two ways. First, methods from cognitive psychology and network science could be helpful in quantifying and analyzing the structure of students’ knowledge of a given discipline as a knowledge network of interconnected concepts. Second, network science methods could be relevant for investigating the developmental trajectories of knowledge structures by quantifying structural change in knowledge networks, and potentially inform instructional design in order to optimize the acquisition of meaningful knowledge as the student progresses from being a novice to an expert in the subject. This commentary provides a brief introduction to common network science measures and suggests how they might be relevant for shedding light on the cognitive processes that underlie learning and retrieval, and discusses ways in which generative network growth models could inform pedagogical strategies to enable meaningful long-term conceptual change and knowledge development among students.
Yabancı Otların Kontrolünde Biyolojik Mücadele

Gunumuzde tarim arazilerinin buyuk bir bolumu ureticilerin yanlis yetistiricilik uygulamalari nedeniyle coraklasmakta ve toplam tarim arazisi alani giderek azalmaktadir. Tarimsal uretimin vazgecilmezligi dusunuldugunde gida temini saglanmasi icin insanoglunun hayati boyunca calismasi gerekmektedir. Gida temininin en buyuk payini bitkisel uretim olusturmaktadir ve bitkisel uretimde urun verimini kisitlayan cesitli biyotik ve abiyotik etmenler mevcuttur. Bitkisel uretimi kisitlayan bu etmenler icerisinde yabanci otlar onemli bir paya sahiptir. Yabanci otlarin neden oldugu zararlari en aza indirmek amaciyla en cok kimyasal mucadele uygulamalari yapilmakta ve bu uygulamalar yabanci otlarin kullanilan kimyasallara dayaniklilik kazanmasiyla gunden gune etkisini yitirmektedir. Ayrica kullanilan bu kimyasallar dogayi kirleterek insan ve cevre sagligini tehdit etmektedir. Bu nedenle yabanci otlarla mucadele daha surdurulebilir, dogayi kirletmeyen ve yabanci otlarda direnc gelisimini tesvik etmeyen mucadele yontemlerine ihtiyac duyulmaktadir. Bu derlemede yabanci otlarla mucadelede biyolojik mucadelenin onemi ve yabanci otlarin biyolojik mucadelesinde kullanilan etmenlerden bahsedilmistir.
Laboratory Evaluation of three Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner - based Biopesticides against the Diamondback moth Plutella Xylostella (Linnaeus)

Three commercially available Bt-based biopesticides, viz., Dipel 8L Biolep, Halt, were evaluated in bioassay studies against third instar larvae of Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus). The LC50 values for the three products calculated by using PCAT software package MSTAT were 0.013, 0.039 and 0.22 per cent, respectively. The slope values for the probit-regression equation were 1.28, 1.49 and 1.43 for Dipel 8L, Biolep and Halt, respectively. Dipel 8L found most promising in the bioassay studies, was used for further studies on food consumption and indices of growth of P. xylostella larvae as affected by feeding on Bt-treated food. There was a concentration dependent decrease in the amount of food consumed by the surviving larvae. The indices of growth like CI, AD, EC1 and RGR of such larvae were also adversely affected.
DNA Repair and Mutagenesis

DNA damage Mutations The reversal of base damage Base excision repair Nucleotide excision repair in prokaryotes Nucleotide excision repair in lower eukaryotes Nucleotide excision repair in mammalian cells: general considerations and chromatin dynamics Nucleotide excision repair in mammalian cells: genes and proteins Mismatch repair The SOS response and recombinational repair in prokaryotes Mutagenesis in prokaryotes Mutagenesis in eukaryotes Other DNA damage tolerance responses in eukaryotes Hereditary diseases with defective responses to DNA damage
A Multichannel Kalman-Based Wiener Filter Approach for Speaker Interference Reduction in Meetings

Recording a meeting and obtaining clean speech signals of each speaker is a challenging task. Even with a multichannel recording, in which all speakers are equipped with a close-talk microphone, speech of an active speaker still couples not only into his dedicated microphone, but also into all other microphone channels at a certain level. This is denoted as crosstalk and requires a multichannel speaker interference reduction to enhance the microphone channels for further processing. To solve this issue, we use a Wiener filter which is based on all individual microphone channels. We extend an existing approach by integrating methods from acoustic echo cancellation to improve the estimation of the interferer (noise) components of the filter, which leads to an improved signal-to-interferer ratio by up to 2.1 dB absolute at constant speech component quality.
A Multi-Dilation and Multi-Resolution Fully Convolutional Network for Singing Melody Extraction

Each human cognitive function involves bottom-up and top-down processes. Several methods have been proposed for singing melody extraction by emphasizing either the bottom-up or top-down processes. For hearing, the bottom-up processes include spectral and spectro-temporal decomposition of the sound by the cochlea and the auditory cortex. In this paper, we propose a neural network, which includes spectro-temporal multi-resolution decomposition of the log-spectrogram of the sound and a semantic segmentation model to respectively address the bottom-up and top-down processing of hearing, for singing melody extraction. Simulation results show the proposed model outperforms all previously proposed methods, emphasizing either bottom-up or top-down processing, in almost all objective evaluation metrics.
Mikrofluidyka - technologia miniaturyzacji laboratorium

1. Historia mikrofluidyki [1] Podczas gdy obecnie w naukach przyrodniczych niepodzielnie rządzi przedrostek „nano“ wydawałoby się, że hasło „mikro“ jest skazane na zapomnienie. Zaprzeczeniem tego jest jednak tytułowa mikrofluidyka lub inaczej technologie mikrocieczowe. Jest to młoda, lecz dynamicznie rozwijająca się interdyscyplinarna dziedzina nauki i technologii zajmująca się badaniem oraz kontrolowaniem płynów o niewielkiej objętości (μl, nl oraz pl) w sztucznie stworzonych systemach hydraulicznych. Dla nauk chemicznych oraz mikrobiologicznych jest to uzasadnione ekonomiczne, a także wynika z wielkości obiektów będących ich zainteresowaniem bowiem nawet w mikrolitrowej kropli mieszczą się tysiące dużych cząsteczek np. białek. Mikrofluidyka wpisuje się bardzo dobrze w ogólnoświatowy trend miniaturyzacji urządzeń. Dzięki wykorzystaniu technologii mikrocieczowych można w badaniach znacznie zmniejszyć objętości reagentów oraz skrócić ich czas, co wielokrotnie redukuje ich koszty. Technologię taką można również uznać jako jeden z aspektów zielonej chemii. Pierwsze urządzenia mikrofluidyczne – miniaturowy chromatograf gazowy powstał w 1975 r. , jednak prawdziwy rozkwit mikrofluidyki datuje na lata 80. XX wieku. Jej szybki rozwój umożliwiło upowszechnienie się zintegrowanych układów elektro-mechanicznych pozwalających na precyzyjną kontrolę płynów o niewielkiej objętości oraz zamówienia wojskowe na przenośne urządzenia do wykrywania broni biologicznej i chemicznej. Mimo tego, że mikrofluidyka jest to bardzo młodą dziedziną nauki i techniki, prawie każdy zetknął się z jej praktycznym wykorzystaniem – głowicami domowych drukarek atramentowych. Obecnie rynek mikrofluidyki wart jest setki milionów dolarów.
Immune suppression in multiple myeloma : strategies to overcome NK cell inhibition

2 Declaration of Originality . 4 Table of contents . 5 Table of Figures . 10 Summary of Tables . 14 Acknowledgments . 15 Presentations at National and International Conferences . 17 Abbreviations . 18 Chapter
Genetic diversity and parentage assignment on hatchery stocks of Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei).

The genetic composition and diversity of 36 SPF P. vannamei families cultured at the University of Guam were determined using 16 microsatellite loci. A total of 1,152 individuals including 72 parents and 1,080 offspring were analyzed. The result showed that the average number of allele per locus (Na), the average observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) values in all parents were 10.625, 0.891 and 0.804 respectively, which were higher than that of all offspring (Na = 10.052; Ho= 0.813; He = 0.792). Genetic diversity of all parents and offspring of 36 families was slightly different. The inbreeding coefficient (FIS) value of parents was lower (FIS = -0.107) than that of offspring (FIS = -0.026). The results of Na, Ho, He, and FIS among all parents and offspring showed no significant values (P>0.05) of difference. The result of parentage assignment success rate was 100% and only 12 informative loci were sufficient for accuracy in assignment based on genotyping error at 1% using CERVUS 3.0 and COLONY 2.
Time series assessment of Thaumarchaeota ecotypes in Monterey Bay reveals the importance of water column position in predicting distribution–environment relationships

Nitrification plays a key role in marine ecosystems where Thaumarchaeota are thought to be responsible for most of the ammonia oxidation in the water column. Over a 2‐yr, near‐monthly time series at two sites in Monterey Bay we observed repeatable seasonal and depth‐based patterns of Thaumarchaeota ecotype abundance that highlighted a clear delineation between populations in shallow euphotic (< 50 m) vs. deeper mesopelagic (60–500 m) depths. Euphotic depths show greater seasonality and influence from light, while mesopelagic waters have trends based on water mass and other covarying features with depth. Three major ecotypes were recovered: a Nitrosopumilus‐like (NP) group, a Nitrosopelagicus‐like ecotype containing “shallow” water column A (WCA) members, and an ecotype affiliated with the “deep” water column B (WCB) Thaumarchaeota. These ecotypes show a strong depth distribution, with WCB dominant at ≥ 200 m depth and WCA most abundant in surface (5–100 m) waters. The NP ecotype was found throughout the water column with the highest abundance in summer, and was the only ecotype showing a correlation with measured nitrification rates. We also found three abundant taxa related to Nitrospina—the major nitrite‐oxidizing bacteria in the ocean; these showed clear connections to each of the three Thaumarchaeota ecotypes, suggesting a specific relationship between both steps of nitrification. Our results support the importance of ecotype‐based analysis of Thaumarchaeota and show that their abundance and distribution are controlled based on their water column position, with a distinct shift at 50 m between euphotic and mesopelagic depths.
Acetic Acid Production by Immobilized Acetobacter aceti Cells Entrapped in a k-Carrageenan Gel

Dynamique d'ecoulement du reacteur a lit fluidise. Action de l'oxygene sur la croissance et la production d'acide acetique. Action de la temperature, de la pression en oxygene. Stabilite de la production en continu. Action du temps de sejour. Observations en microscopie electronique (transmission et balayage)
Using structural motifs to identify proteins with DNA binding function

This work describes a method for predicting DNA binding function from structure using 3-dimensional templates. Proteins that bind DNA using small contiguous helix±turn±helix (HTH) motifs comprise a signi®cant number of all DNA-binding proteins. A structural template library of seven HTH motifs has been created from non-homologous DNA-binding proteins in the Protein Data Bank. The templates were used to scan complete protein structures using an algorithm that calculated the root mean squared deviation (rmsd) for the optimal superposition of each template on each structure, based on Ca backbone coordinates. Distributions of rmsd values for known HTH-containing proteins (true hits) and non-HTH proteins (false hits) were calculated. A threshold value of 1.6 AÊ rmsd was selected that gave a true hit rate of 88.4% and a false positive rate of 0.7%. The false positive rate was further reduced to 0.5% by introducing an accessible surface area threshold value of 990 AÊ 2 per HTH motif. The template library and the validated thresholds were used to make predictions for target proteins from a structural genomics project.
Caractérisation de l’interaction des protéines IMA/MIF2 et CSN5 au niveau moléculaire et physiologique

Plants have the ability to form new organs as a result of indeterminate growth ensured by specific regions of pluripotent cells, called meristems. Flowers are produced by the activity of floral meristems which differ from vegetative meristems in their determinate fate. The INHIBITOR OF MERISTEM ACTIVITY (IMA) gene encoding a Mini Zinc Finger (MIF) protein from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) regulates the processes of flower and ovule development. IMA inhibits cell proliferation during floral termination, controls the number of carpels during floral development and acts as a repressor of the meristem organizing centre gene WUSCHEL (Sicard et al., 2008). We demonstrated that IMA and its Arabidopsis ortholog MIF2 is also involved in a multiple hormonal signalling pathway, as a putative conserved feature for plant MIF proteins (Hu and Ma, 2006). Alike Arabidopsis MIF1, IMA/MIF2 regulates negatively BR, auxin, cytokinin and gibberellin signalling and positively ABA signaling. Using yeast two-hybrid screening experiments, we identified a strong protein-protein interaction between IMA and the signalosome subunit 5 (CSN5). Interestingly the csn5 mutant in Arabidopsis displays pleiotropic developmental defects such as a bushy phenotype originating from the loss of apical dominance and the alteration in sensitivity to darkness and auxin signals. These phenotypes are strikingly similar to what was described for Arabidopsis MIF1 (Hu and Ma, 2006) and tomato IMA overexpressors plants (Sicard et al., 2008), respectively. Taken together our data strongly suggest that IMA may act as an inhibitor of CSN function through its physical interaction with SlCSN5. The observed converse effects of IMA/MIF2 overexpression or deregulation on plant development and the abundance of developmental marker genes further support the notion of a CSN inhibitory control, since the COP9 signalosome through the specific deneddylation activity of the CSN5 subunit regulates plant hormone signalling.
Low-Profile Transmitting Metasurface Using Single Dielectric Substrate for OAM Generation

In this letter, transmitting metasurface using single dielectric substrate for orbital angular momentum (OAM) generation is presented in Ku-band. A dimension extension method is introduced in designing the unit cell of the proposed transmitting metasurface to achieve required phase shift and transmission magnitude for generating OAM. A prototype of the proposed transmitting metasurface is fabricated and measured. Measured results suggest that the proposed transmitting metasurface can generate OAM vortex wave at 18 GHz. The proposed method can be applied in wireless communication systems requiring low-profile transmitted OAM generator.
The cellular mechanism underlying neuronal changes in Alzheimer's disease

The cause of the degeneration of nerve cells, and the loss of specific synaptic connections, that underlies the emergence and progressive development of dementia in sufferers of Alzheimer's disease remains elusive. Furthermore, although individually the B-amyloid plaque, neurofibrillary tangle and dystrophic neurite, pathological hallmarks of the disease, have been extensively investigated, the mechanism that links these structures also remains to be defined. This thesis, therefore, sought to address three aims that were principally associated with the relationship between the pathological structures and the mechanism underlying Alzheimer's disease. Firstly, to determine the neurochemical and morphological diversity of abnormal neurites associated with B-amyloid plaque formation in the early and late stages of Alzheimer's disease. Secondly, to examine the relationship between apolipoprotein E immunolabelling and 13-amyloid deposition, neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles using immunofluorescent double labeling techniques. Finally, to develop an in vitro experimental model that mimics the effects of B-amyloid plaques on surrounding neuronal processes. The major conclusions from these investigations were that the dystrophic neurites associated with subsets of B-amyloid plaques develop through a distinct morphological and neurochemical sequence. This sequence of change is intimately linked to various components of the neuronal cytoskeleton, including neurofilaments. The similarity between these changes and those present within axons undergoing a response to physical damage lead to the development of a new hypothesis that B-amyloid plaque deposition causes physical damage to surrounding neurites which results in the formation of dystrophic neurites. This hypothesis was further supported by results obtained from an in vitro model of physical damage. In summary, this study further clarified the relationship between 13- amyloid plaques and dystrophic neurites, particularly with regard to determining the role of specific cytoskeletal changes. Identification of the earliest pathological changes that occur in Alzheimer's disease is necessary for the development of effective therapeutic strategies aimed at preventing or slowing the ongoing neuronal changes that ultimately lead to cell death and dementia.
Response of Progeny from Interspecific Cross of Cucumis melo × C. metuliferus to Meloidogyne incognita acrita

Progeny from a hybridization of C. melo L. (PI 140471), a feral Cucumis melo, with the nematode-resistant African horned cucumber (C. metuliferus E. Mey.) (PI 292190) were screened for resistance to Meloidogyne incognita acrita Chitwood. Although C. metuliferus exhibited resistance, no resistance was observed in PI 140471 nor in the F2 generation after inoculation with a larval suspension having 600 larvae/ml. However, when grown in contact with chopped galled roots, certain progeny appeared to be resistant. Evaluation of egg mass production revealed that the resistant plants produced significantly fewer eggs than susceptible plants.
Application of Railway Passenger Flow Statistics Based on Mask R-CNN

This paper discusses and implements the application of Mask R-CNN in railway passenger flow statistics. Mask R-CNN is a target detector based on candidate region, combining deep learning, neural network and image recognition technology, and has a wide range of application value in the field of intelligent monitoring.The paper focuses on the algorithm named Mask-Flow that Mask R-CNN uses the same color for tracking on the same target, and counts the number of pedestrians. And the passenger flow statistics are compared with Retina-Net in the railway scene of the dense crowd, which proves the accuracy of the method in the paper.
The Analytical Significance of the Information-Semantic Approach to Study of the Communicative Nature of Music in the Framework of Cultural (Social) Anthropology

The article presents the methodology of information and semantic analysis of the processes of intercultural interaction of the peoples of the world in the space of music. In the 21st century, information theory and information approach to art, including musical art, get deeper elaboration, become more relevant and demanded by the intellectual community. In the context of globalization, the information approach provides an analysis of the processes of information exchange on a global scale. While the semantic approach allows the study to analyze the deep level of these processes, factors, mechanisms and their socio-cultural consequences. Thus comparative and semantic cultural and anthropological approaches allow to identify different levels of information exchange and the relevant features of the musical language, the organizational capacity of the cultural and musical combination of tumors and their synergistic perspective. The aim of the study is to trace the possibilities of using the information – semantic approach in other areas of culture. The work is interdisciplinary and is designed for teachers, graduate students, and researchers in the field of musicology, social culture, cultural studies, social and cultural anthropology.
The role of community seed banks in achieving farmers’ rights

ABSTRACT The core objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity and the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA) are the conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources. The ITPGRFA links these goals explicitly to farmers’ rights. Although farmers’ rights have been debated intensely at international level, their effective implementation at national level remains a major challenge. Community seed banks are good examples of effective implementation of those rights, but have received little attention in scientific literature and policy circles. Case studies in this article from Bangladesh, Côte d’Ivoire, India and Zimbabwe illustrate how this knowledge gap can be filled.
Pro-environmental behavior in nutricosmetics product purchase context

Though the concern over pro-environmental behavior is growing, there is a lack of a valid scale to measure pro-environmental behavior in nutricosmetics context. Nutricosmetics products are believed to boost health and fitness and thus gained worldwide popularity. Many consumers in recent days are purchasing nutricosmetics products because of its positive impact toward human health and less harm toward the environment. However, to date, there is no valid instrument to measure this construct. To fill this gap in the existing literature, this study aims to develop a valid and reliable scale to measure pro-environmental behavior in nutricosmetics purchase (PEB-NP). ,To develop and validate the PEB-NP scale, a sequential process is followed which includes item generation, item selection, item purification and item validation. Relevant literature was reviewed and qualitative interviews were carried out to generate the items. Next, experts’ opinion was sought to select the items. Two studies were conducted (N = 150, N = 448) to explore the factor structure and to validate the scale. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to purify the scale, whereas confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using SmartPLS (version 3) was used to validate the scale. ,Based on EFA output, 14 items were retained which were then validated using CFA. The results revealed that, PEB-NP is a hierarchical multi-dimensional construct. The dimensions are “environmental aesthetics,” “conservation behavior (reduce and recycle)” and “health consciousness. ” The findings from CFA confirmed the EFA results and established that pro-environmental behavior is a third-order factor model in which conservation dimension is consisted of two sub-dimensions, namely, “reduce” and “recycle” behavior. ,The newly developed scale will enable the marketers and policymakers to segment their consumers based on this scale to better strategize the marketing efforts in fulfilling their needs. Not only this, the PEB-NP scale will benefit marketers in understanding the behavioral pattern and purchase preference of the pro-environmental consumers with regard to the nutricosmetics consumption. This research also provides suggestions for future researchers in the pro-environmental behavior and nutricosmetics fields. ,This study is a pioneer study to develop and validate the PEB scale in the context of nutricosmetics purchase.