Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gestion de l'énergie et de la connectivité dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil statiques et mobiles

Un certain nombre de travaux bases sur les reseaux de capteurs sans fil s'interessent a la gestion de l'energie de ces capteurs. Cette energie est, de fait, un facteur critique dans le fonctionnement de ces reseaux. Une construction adequate des clusters de capteurs est un tres bon moyen pour minimiser la consommation de cette energie. La problematique liee a ces reseaux reside ainsi souvent dans leur duree de vie mais aussi dans le necessaire maintien de la connectivite entre tous les capteurs. Ces deux aspects sont etroitement lies. Dans cette these, nous nous sommes focalises sur ces deux volets, dans le contexte de reseaux de capteurs statiques mais aussi celui de capteurs mobiles.Nous proposons, dans un premier temps, un algorithme hybride pour la mise en place des clusters et la gestions de ces clusters. L'originalite de cette solution reside dans la mise en place de zones geographiques de designation des cluster heads mais aussi dans la transmission, dans les messages echanges, de la quantite d'energie restante sur les capteurs. Ainsi, les donnees sur les capteurs permettront de designer les cluster heads et leurs successeurs qui determineront les seuils pour les autres capteurs et pour leur fonctionnement. L'algorithme est teste a travers de nombreuses simulations. La seconde partie du travail consiste a adapter notre premier algorithme pour les reseaux de capteurs mobiles. Nous in_uons sur la trajectoire des capteurs pour maintenir la connectivite et limiter la consommation d'energie. Pour cela, nous nous inspirons de l'echo-localisation pratiquee par les chauvessouris. Nous nous sommes donc interesses a la topologie changeante et dynamique dans les reseaux de capteurs. Nous avons analyse la perte d'energie en fonction de la distance et de la puissance de transmission entre les n÷uds et le cluster head. Nous evaluons egalement notre algorithme sur des capteurs qui ont un deplacement aleatoire. Nous appliquons ces algorithmes a une simulation de _otte de drones de surveillance.
The maximal rank of elliptic Delsarte surfaces

Shioda described a method to compute the Lefschetz number of a Delsarte surface. In one of his examples he uses this method to compute the rank of an elliptic curve over k(t). In this article we find all elliptic curves over k(t) for which his method is applicable. For these curves we also compute the maximal Mordell-Weil rank.
Localization of a Substrate Specificity Domain in the Multidrug Resistance Protein*

Multidrug resistance protein (MRP) confers resistance to a number of natural product chemotherapeutic agents. It is also a high affinity transporter of some physiological conjugated organic anions such as cysteinyl leukotriene C4 and the cholestatic estrogen, 17β-estradiol 17(β-d-glucuronide) (E217βG). We have shown that the murine orthologue of MRP (mrp), unlike the human protein, does not confer resistance to common anthracyclines and is a relatively poor transporter of E217βG. We have taken advantage of these functional differences to identify region(s) of MRP involved in mediating anthracycline resistance and E217βG transport by generating mrp/MRP hybrid proteins. All hybrid proteins conferred resistance to the Vinca alkaloid, vincristine, when transfected into human embryonic kidney cells. However, only those in which the COOH-terminal third of mrp had been replaced with the corresponding region of MRP-conferred resistance to the anthracyclines, doxorubicin, and epirubicin. Exchange of smaller segments of the COOH-terminal third of the mouse protein by replacement of either amino acids 959–1187 or 1188–1531 with those of MRP produced proteins capable of conferring some level of resistance to the anthracyclines tested. All hybrid proteins transported cysteinyl leukotriene C4 with similar efficiencies. In contrast, only those containing the COOH-terminal third of MRP transported E217βG with an efficiency comparable with that of the intact human protein. The results demonstrate that differences in primary structure of the highly conserved COOH-terminal third of mrp and MRP are important determinants of the inability of the murine protein to confer anthracycline resistance and its relatively poor ability to transport E217βG.
Ice penetration depth estimation from super-resolution SAR tomography

In this paper a quantitative analysis of the penetration depth of P-band SAR signal into ice subsurface is addressed. Penetration depth is estimated from tomographic SAR acquisitions relative to ESA IceSAR 2012 campaign. In particular, an area in the ablation zone of South-West Greenland is investigated, retrieving the penetration depth with superresolution spectral techniques. Biasing due to the space-varying vertical resolution over the scene is accounted for. Data from opposite-side views are processed in order to obtain penetration maps of the area to be compared. Consistent penetration depth maps of about 20-30 m are obtained from both views, proving the validity of SAR tomography as an effective tool for mapping information about subsurface ice structure.
Children with frequent infections: A proposal for a stepwise assessment and investigation of the immune system

Cassimos DC, Liatsis M, Stogiannidou A, Kanariou MG. Children with frequent infections: A proposal for a stepwise assessment and investigation of the immune system. ‘The immune defense to foreign invaders’ Symphony. Which instrument is out of tune? Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2010: 21: 463–473. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S
Addressing the Social Determinants of Health to Reduce Tobacco-Related Disparities.

INTRODUCTION Comprehensive tobacco prevention and control efforts that include implementing smoke-free air laws, increasing tobacco prices, conducting hard-hitting mass media campaigns, and making evidence-based cessation treatments available are effective in reducing tobacco use in the general population. However, if these interventions are not implemented in an equitable manner, certain population groups may be left out causing or exacerbating disparities in tobacco use. Disparities in tobacco use have, in part, stemmed from inequities in the way tobacco control policies and programs have been adopted and implemented to reach and impact the most vulnerable segments of the population that have the highest rates of smokings (e.g., those with lower education and incomes). METHODS Education and income are the 2 main social determinants of health that negatively impact health. However, there are other social determinants of health that must be considered for tobacco control policies to be effective in reducing tobacco-related disparities. This article will provide an overview of how tobacco control policies and programs can address key social determinants of health in order to achieve equity and eliminate disparities in tobacco prevention and control. RESULTS Tobacco control policy interventions can be effective in addressing the social determinants of health in tobacco prevention and control to achieve equity and eliminate tobacco-related disparities when they are implemented consistently and equitably across all population groups. CONCLUSIONS Taking a social determinants of health approach in tobacco prevention and control will be necessary to achieve equity and eliminate tobacco-related disparities.
Roles are not classes: a reply to Nicola Guarino

Abstract In this paper we reply to Nicola Guarino's comments on our article entitled “Using explicit ontologies in knowledge acquisition”. We concentrate on the issues raised by Guarino: (i) the existence of the interaction problem at the knowledge level, (ii) the nature of ontologies, and (iii) the utility of method ontologies. In our reply we attempt to distinguish between (mutual) misunderstandings, alternative viewpoints and true differences of opinion.
The amino acid requirements of the growing chick. II. Growth and body composition of chicks fed on diets in which the proportions of amino acids are well balanced.

Synopsis The amino acid requirements for the growing chick determined by Hewitt and Lewis (1972a) were tested at different protein levels. Satisfactory growth was obtained with 22 to 24% protein in the diet dry matter. Nitrogen balance data indicated that a good balance between amino acids, with no deficiencies, had been achieved. The results of Hewitt and Lewis (1972a) were evaluated in conjunction with other published reports and a new set of requirement values derived. These were tested in a second experiment at different protein and energy levels. Excellent growth was recorded to 3 weeks of age when the diet satisfied these values and contained 0.9% lysine and 21% protein with a metabolisable energy value of 3.25 kcal/g.
Automatic Data Quality Evaluation for the AVM System

This paper proposes the schemes of automatic process and metrology data-quality evaluations for the automatic virtual metrology (AVM) system. Firstly, principal component analysis is applied to extract data features of all the collected equipment process data; then Euclidean distance is utilized to unify all the principal components into a single index denoted by process data quality index (DQIX) for evaluating the quality of process data. Second, adaptive resonance theory 2 (ART2) and normalized variability are applied to define the metrology data quality index (DQIy) for appraising the quality of metrology data. The thresholds of both DQIX and DQIy are also defined and can be adaptively calculated. The DQIX and DQIy data quality evaluation schemes are well suited for the AVM systems of the semiconductor and thin film transistor-liquid crystal display industries to online, real-time, and automatically evaluate the quality of all the collected process and metrology data. As such, abnormal data will not be adopted for VM model training or tuning and VM conjecture accuracy can be maintained.
Phase 3 Trial of Transplantation of Human Islets in Type 1 Diabetes Complicated by Severe Hypoglycemia

OBJECTIVE Impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH) and severe hypoglycemic events (SHEs) cause substantial morbidity and mortality in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Current therapies are effective in preventing SHEs in 50–80% of patients with IAH and SHEs, leaving a substantial number of patients at risk. We evaluated the effectiveness and safety of a standardized human pancreatic islet product in subjects in whom IAH and SHEs persisted despite medical treatment. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This multicenter, single-arm, phase 3 study of the investigational product purified human pancreatic islets (PHPI) was conducted at eight centers in North America. Forty-eight adults with T1D for >5 years, absent stimulated C-peptide, and documented IAH and SHEs despite expert care were enrolled. Each received immunosuppression and one or more transplants of PHPI, manufactured on-site under good manufacturing practice conditions using a common batch record and standardized lot release criteria and test methods. The primary end point was the achievement of HbA1c <7.0% (53 mmol/mol) at day 365 and freedom from SHEs from day 28 to day 365 after the first transplant. RESULTS The primary end point was successfully met by 87.5% of subjects at 1 year and by 71% at 2 years. The median HbA1c level was 5.6% (38 mmol/mol) at both 1 and 2 years. Hypoglycemia awareness was restored, with highly significant improvements in Clarke and HYPO scores (P > 0.0001). No study-related deaths or disabilities occurred. Five of the enrollees (10.4%) experienced bleeds requiring transfusions (corresponding to 5 of 75 procedures), and two enrollees (4.1%) had infections attributed to immunosuppression. Glomerular filtration rate decreased significantly on immunosuppression, and donor-specific antibodies developed in two patients. CONCLUSIONS Transplanted PHPI provided glycemic control, restoration of hypoglycemia awareness, and protection from SHEs in subjects with intractable IAH and SHEs. Safety events occurred related to the infusion procedure and immunosuppression, including bleeding and decreased renal function. Islet transplantation should be considered for patients with T1D and IAH in whom other, less invasive current treatments have been ineffective in preventing SHEs.
Sjögren Syndrome‐associated lymphomas: an update on pathogenesis and management

Primary Sjögren Syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease associated with an increased risk of lymphoma. Lymphomas complicating pSS are mostly low‐grade B cell non‐Hodgkin lymphomas, predominantly of marginal zone histological type. Mucosal localization is predominant, notably mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas. Lymphomas often develop in organs where pSS is active, such as salivary glands. Germinal centre (GC)‐like structures, high TNFSF13B (BAFF) and Flt3‐ligand (FLT3LG) levels and genetic impairment of TNFAIP3 are new predictors of lymphoma development. These new findings allow a better understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms leading to lymphoma. We propose the following scenario: auto‐immune B cells with rheumatoid factor (RF) activity are continuously stimulated by immune complexes containing antibodies against more specific auto‐antigens, such as SSA/Ro, SSB/La or others. Germline abnormality of TNFAIP3 leads to a decreased control of the NF‐kB pathway and thus promotes survival of B cells and oncogenic mutations especially in GC structure. Moreover, B cells are stimulated by a positive loop of activation induced by BAFF secretion. Thus, lymphomagenesis associated with pSS exemplifies the development of antigen‐driven B‐cell lymphoma. The control of disease activity by a well‐targeted immunosuppressor is the primary objective of the management of the patient in order to repress chronic B cell stimulation.
Frontline Science: Tumor necrosis factor‐α stimulation and priming of human neutrophil granule exocytosis

Neutrophil granule exocytosis plays an important role in innate and adaptive immune responses. The present study examined TNF‐α stimulation or priming of exocytosis of the 4 neutrophil granule subsets. TNF‐α stimulated exocytosis of secretory vesicles and gelatinase granules and primed specific and azurophilic granule exocytosis to fMLF stimulation. Both stimulation and priming of exocytosis by TNF‐α were dependent on p38 MAPK activity. Bioinformatic analysis of 1115 neutrophil proteins identified by mass spectrometry as being phosphorylated by TNF‐α exposure found that actin cytoskeleton regulation was a major biologic function. A role for p38 MAPK regulation of the actin cytoskeleton was confirmed experimentally. Thirteen phosphoproteins regulated secretory vesicle quantity, formation, or release, 4 of which—Raf1, myristoylated alanine‐rich protein kinase C (PKC) substrate (MARCKS), Abelson murine leukemia interactor 1 (ABI1), and myosin VI—were targets of the p38 MAPK pathway. Pharmacologic inhibition of Raf1 reduced stimulated exocytosis of gelatinase granules and priming of specific granule exocytosis. We conclude that differential regulation of exocytosis by TNF‐α involves the actin cytoskeleton and is a necessary component for priming of the 2 major neutrophil antimicrobial defense mechanisms: oxygen radical generation and release of toxic granule contents.
RADON CONCENTRATIONS IN SOME DWELLINGS OF TUNISIA

Abstract— Indoor air radon concentrations are still unknown in Tunisia. For the first time, they have been determined in several regions of the country using open alpha track dosi-meters containing LR-115 film. Measurements were taken in 69 dwellings located around greater Tunis during 1 y, changing dosimeters every 2 mo. In 12 other locations, devices were placed during 2 winter months. The median of 1,217 measurements was 40 Bq m−3 and 93.4% of them were less than 100 Bq m−3. The highest concentration was 392 Bq m−3. In Tunis, concentrations were higher during winter. Indoor air radon figures varied with geographic location: the highest values were found in Jendouba, Gafsa, Beja, and Tataouine government districts where phosphate and lead mines and deposits are present. This first study showed that indoor air radon concentrations are low in Tunisia, but further studies should be performed in localized areas, taking into consideration the geology, the climatic variations, and the building material.
An Adaptive Complementary Kalman Filter Using Fuzzy Logic for a Hybrid Head Tracker System

In this paper, a sensor fusion algorithm that integrates gyroscope and vision measurements using an adaptive complementary Kalman filter is proposed to estimate the attitude of a hybrid head tracker system. In order to make the filter more tolerant to vision measurement fault and more robust to system dynamics, an adaptive fading filter is implemented to the sensor fusion filter, and fuzzy logic is applied to adjust the fading factor, which adapts a Kalman gain of the sensor fusion filter. For recognizing the dynamic condition of the system and vision measurement fault, the normalized square error of attitude and the norm of gyroscope output with designed membership functions are used. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by simulations. It is confirmed that the proposed algorithm has better performance than the conventional algorithms in high-dynamic conditions and vision measurement fault case.
Magnetic properties of densely packed arrays of Ni nanowires as a function of their diameter and lattice parameter

High-quality densely packed hexagonal arrays of Ni nanowires have been prepared by filling self-ordered nanopores in alumina membranes. Nanowires with different diameter d (18–83 nm) and lattice parameter D (65 and 105 nm) have been studied by atomic force, high resolution scanning electron microscopies, Rutherford backscattering, and vibrating sample magnetometer techniques. Axial loops coercivity and remanence decrease with increasing ratio diameter to lattice parameter, r, until nanowires start to interconnect locally. Additionally, hysteresis of in-plane loops increases with packing factor. In order to interpret the experimental results, multipolar magnetostatic interactions among nanowires with increasing ratio r are considered.
On the Mechanism of Glutamine-dependent Reductive Amination of wKetoglutarate Catalyzed by Glutamate Synthase *

Highly purified preparations of glutamate synthase catalyze the TPNH-dependent reductive amination of cu-ketoglutarate to form L-glutamate in the presence of either L-glutamine or NH:,. Preparations of the enzyme that lack flavins (FAD and FMN) or the flavins and iron sulfide, catalyzed NH,,-mediated glutamate synthesis, but not glutamine-mediated glutamate synthesis. Participation of enzyme-flavin in the reductive amination reaction with glutamine as the nitrogen donor, but not with NH,, as the nitrogen donor, was also indicated by studies in which the enzyme was reduced with dithionite. Thus, incubation of the enzyme with Na,S,O,, cu-keto]‘4Clglutarate, and glutamine led to substantial formation of [‘“Clglutamate, which was shown to be of the L configuration; however, only trace amounts of [‘4C]glutamate were formed when glutamine was replaced by NH,,. Studies with stereospecifically labeled [:‘H]TPNH showed that glutamate synthase, like glutamate dehydrogenase, uses the hydrogen atom at the B side of C4 of the nicotinamide ring of TPNH. In studies with [“HITPNH (B) it was found that the products formed in the reductive amination of cY-ketoglutarate with glutamine and NH:, are different. Thus, in the reaction with glutamine, :‘H is transferred from [“HITPNH (B) to water; “H,O and glutamate are formed stoichiometrically. On the other hand, in the reaction with NH,, [“HIglutamate is formed. The enzyme also catalyzes rapid exchange of “H from [“HITPNH (B) with H,O, and a much slower exchange of :jH from [(Y“HIglutamate with water. The findings show that reductive amination with glutamine is flavin-mediated, whereas reductive amination with NH, is not and therefore closely resembles the reaction catalyzed by glutamate dehydrogenase in which :‘H is transferred from [:‘H]TPNH (B) to [‘lH]glutamate. The findings are consistent with the presence in highly purified glutamate synthase preparations (from Ewcherichia coli and Aerohacter aerogenes) of two different catalytic entities. The pH dependence of the glutaminase activity of glutamate synthase was determined; this activity, like the glutaminase activity of carbamyl phosphate synthetase, is enhanced by storage of the enzyme at pH 9.
The "Dyuktai Culture" and New World Origins [and Comments and Reply]

The chronology and affinities of the "Dyuktai culture," an Upper Paleolithic assemblage from northeastern Siberia, are discussed. Geoarchaeological and chronometric data suggest that Dyuktai assemblages are no older than the middle part of the early Sartan Glacial (ca. 18,000 B.P.) and are substantially younger than claimed in the Russian literature. Since Dyuktai assemblages have been argued to resemble those of the New World Paleo-Arctic tradition, the reassessment of the age of the assemblage affects ideas about the processes and timing involved in the peopling of the Americas.
Anterior Repositioning Appliance Therapy for TMJ Disorders: Specific Symptoms Relieved and Relationship to Disk Status on MRI

Abstract Forty-eight (48) consecutive patients seeking treatment in a referral based practice for complex chronic painful temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disease were enrolled in a prospective study to assess specific symptom relief from anterior repositioning appliance (ARA) therapy and the relationship between specific symptom relief and the status of the TMJ disk. Each patient was assessed on 86 symptoms based upon whether each symptom was present before treatment and absent, better, unchanged or worse after Maximum Medical Improvement (MMI). The most common symptom was occipital cephalalgia (94%). The least common symptom was pain and burning of tongue (8%). A profile of a temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patient was developed. The typical TMD patient has cephalalgia, mainly in the occipital, temporal and frontal region, pain upon chewing food, pain upon opening and closing the mouth, TMJ pain, pain in the back of the neck and difficulty chewing food. Before treatment, patients with bilateral displaced disks had more symptoms than those with unilateral displaced disks and the opposite side normal. After MMI, the maximum benefit (percent of pretreatment symptoms relieved) was found in patients with normal or recaptured disks. The minimum occurred in patients whose disks did not recapture with therapy. ARA therapy improved or eliminated symptoms in all patients in the study.
Chemical and microbiological characterisation of kefir grains

Chemical and microbiological composition of four Argentinean kefir grains from different sources as well as characteristics of the corresponding fermented milk were studied. Kefir grains CIDCA AGK1, AGK2 and AGK4 did not show significant differences in their chemical and microbiological composition. In contrast, protein and yeast content of AGK3 was higher than in the other grains. Although grain microflora comprised lactobacilli, lactococcus, acetic acid bacteria and yeast, we found an important difference regarding species. Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Lactobacillus kefir, Lactobacillus plantarum, Acetobacter and Saccharomyces were present in all types of kefir grain. While Leuconostoc mesenteroides was only isolated from grains CIDCA AGK1 and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis, Lactobacillus parakefir and Kluyveromyces marxianus were only isolated from CIDCA AGK2 grains. All grains produced acid products with pH between 3·5 and 4·0. The apparent viscosity of AGK1 fermented milk was greater than the product obtained with AGK4. All fermented milks had inhibitory power towards Escherichia coli but AGK1 and AGK2 supernatants were able to halt the bacterial growth for at least 25 h. Grain weight increment in AGK1, AGK2 and AGK3 during growth in milk did not show significant differences. Despite their fermenting activity, AGK4 grains did not increase their weight.