Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Organization of rat circadian rhythms during daily infusion of melatonin or S 20098 , a melatonin agonist

Pitrosky, B. , R. Kirsch, A. Malan, E. Mocaer, and P. Pevet. Organization of rat circadian rhythms during daily infusion of melatonin or S20098, a melatonin agonist. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 46): R812–R828, 1999. —Daily administration of melatonin or S20098, a melatonin agonist, is known to entrain the freerunning circadian rhythms of rats. The effects of the duration of administration on entrainment were studied. The animals demonstrated free-running circadian rhythms (runningwheel activity, body temperature, general activity) in constant darkness. Daily infusions of melatonin or S20098 for 1, 8, or 16 h entrained the circadian rhythms to 24 h. Two daily infusions of 1 h (separated by 8 h) entrained the activity peak within the shorter time interval. The entraining properties of melatonin and S20098 were similar and were affected neither by pinealectomy nor by infusion of 1or 8-h duration. However, with 16-h infusion, less than half of the animals became entrained. Once entrained, the phase angle between the onset of infusion and the rhythms (onset of activity or acrophase of body temperature) increased with the duration of infusion. Before entrainment, the free-running period increased with the duration of infusion, an effect that was not predictable from the phase response curve.
Cannibalism in the Neolithic

Cannibalism is a provocative interpretation put forth repeatedly for practices at various prehistoric sites, yet it has been so poorly supported by objective evidence that later, more critical reviews almost invariably reject the proposal. The basic data essential to a rigorous assessment of a cannibalism hypothesis include precise contextual information, analysis of postcranial and cranial remains of humans and animals, and detailed bone modification studies. Such data are available from the Neolithic levels of the Fontbr�goua Cave (southeastern France) where several clusters of human and animal bones have been excavated. The analysis of these bones strongly suggests that humans were butchered, processed, and probably eaten in a manner that closely parallels the treatment of wild and domestic animals at Fontbrb�goua.
The Arabidopsis Aux/IAA Protein Family Has Diversified in Degradation and Auxin Responsiveness[W]

Rapid, auxin-responsive degradation of multiple auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) proteins is essential for plant growth and development. Domain II residues were previously shown to be required for the degradation of several Arabidopsis thaliana Aux/IAA proteins. We examined the degradation of additional full-length family members and the proteolytic importance of N-terminal residues outside domain II using luciferase (LUC) fusions. Elimination of domain I did not affect degradation. However, substituting an Arg for a conserved Lys between domains I and II specifically impaired basal degradation without compromising the auxin-mediated acceleration of degradation. IAA8, IAA9, and IAA28 contain domain II and a conserved Lys, but they were degraded more slowly than previously characterized family members when expressed as LUC fusions, suggesting that sequences outside domain II influence proteolysis. We analyzed the degradation of IAA31, with a region somewhat similar to domain II but without the conserved Lys, and of IAA20, which lacks domain II and the conserved Lys. Both IAA20:LUC and epitope-tagged IAA20 were long-lived, and their longevity was not influenced by auxin. Epitope-tagged IAA31 was long-lived, like IAA20, but by contrast, it showed accelerated degradation in response to auxin. The existence of long-lived and auxin-insensitive Aux/IAA proteins suggeststhat they may play a novel role in auxin signaling.
Effects of immunophilin ligands on hydrogen peroxide‐induced apoptosis in C6 glioma cells

Several properties of immunophilin ligands, including their neurotrophic activities, are mediated by the inhibition of rotamase activity and/or by other mechanisms rather than by inhibition of calcineurin (CaN) activity (Snyder et al., 1998; Gold, 2000). Especially, it is not necessary for the neurotrophic effects of immu-nophilin ligands to have immunosuppressive properties because their nonimmunosuppressive derivatives retain potent neurotrophic effects comparable to those of their mother compounds, such as tacrolimus (FK506) or cyclosporin A (CsA) (Steiner et al., 1997; Snyder et al., 1998; Gold, 2000; Herdegen et al., 2000; Tanaka et al., 2000, 2001a). Therefore, CaN inhibition by immu-nophilin ligands is probably not essential for protection against cell damage, although inhibition of both CaN and rotamase could contribute to the neuroprotective effects of classic immunophilin ligands such as FK506 (Snyder et al., 1998; Ogawa, 1999; Gold, 2000; Her-degen, et al., 2000). We previously reported that, by increasing intracellular glutathione (GSH) levels in both Neuro 2A neuroblastoma cells and NG108-15 hybridoma cells (which are neuronal lineages), GPI1046 [3-(3-pyridyl)-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxo-pentyl)-2-prolidine carboxylate], a nonimmunosup-pressive derivative of FK506, had neuroprotective effects
Primary Intraosseous Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor of Metacarpal Bones of the Hand in a Patient Without Neurofibromatosis 1: Report of a Rare Case

Abstract Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) usually arises in peripheral nerve sheath cells. The intraosseous location of MPNST is rare. Mandible is the most common site of bony involvement. Involvement of bones of the hand is quite unusual. We report a case of MPNST involving metacarpal bones of the left hand treated with surgery followed by adjuvant radiation and chemotherapy and review the pertinent literature.
Effect of bisphosphonates on NFATc1 and correlators p-NF-κB and p-c-Jun in osteoclast differentiation

[Abstract] Objective To study the effect of alendronate (ALN) on NFATc1 and correlated signaling factors p-NF- κ B and p-c-Jun in osteoclast differentiation. Methods Osteoclasts were inductively cultivated with mouse mononuclear macrophage RAW264.7, and they were divided into 2 groups: group A (control group) and group B (ALN-treated group). The protein expressions of NFATc1, p-NF- κ B and p-c-Jun were determined with Western blotting at the 2nd day of cultivation; the expression of NFATc1 was assessed by immunofluorescent assay on the 4th day; and the osteoclast formation was examined on the 7th day of cultivation. RAW264.7 cells were inoculated on abrasive dentine disk, and divided into 2 groups and treated as mentioned above. The resorption function of osteoclast was observed on the 9th day of inoculation. Results TRAP positive multinuclear osteoclasts were observed, and resorption lacunaes formed in the abrasive dentin e disks of the 2 groups. More TRAP positive multinuclear cells and resorption lacunaes in large size were found in group A than those in group B. Immunofluorescence assay showed the expression of NFATc1 was higher in group A than in group B. The gene expressions of NFATc1, p-NF- κ B and p-c-Jun were lower in group B than in group A ( P <0.01) as determined with Western blotting. Conclusion By down-reg ulating the expressions of p-NF- κ B and p-c-J un, ALN may strongly inhibit the osteoclast formation and its resorption function, thus inhibiting NFATc1 expression.
Whole Body Irrigation for Contraband Bodypackers

Goals Investigate outcomes of contraband body packers treated with whole bowel irrigation (WBI) using oral polyethylene glycol (PEG). Compare with prior studies of treatments using mild laxatives and/or observation. Background Drug smuggling via the gastrointestinal tract has risks including sudden death. Other studies have reported complication rates between 4% and 22%. Study Retrospective case series of patients body packing contraband, and treated with WBI using PEG solution. Outcome measures include length of hospital stay (LOS) and complications. Statistical inferences using Spearman rank correlation and Fisher Exact tests. Results Sixteen patients with mean age 27.9 (SD 8.8). There were 2 complications (12.5%) and no deaths. There was no significant difference in complication frequency when compared with other reported treatment methods (P = 0.57, P = 0.48, P = 1.0). Mean LOS was 49.4 hours (SD 29.6). There was no correlation between mean LOS and either PEG dose (P = 0.89), drug type (P = 0.76), packet quantity (P = 0.34), or packet weight (P = 0.99). Conclusions In this limited case series, WBI with PEG was used to treat contraband body packers with no higher complication frequency than other reported methods. The drug type, packet quantity, packet weight, and PEG dose did not correlate with the length of hospital stay.
High‐frequency oscillations in human brain

Ripples are 100–200 Hz short‐duration oscillatory field potentials that have recently been recorded in rat hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. They reflect fast IPSPs on the soma of pyramidal cells, which occur during synchronous afferent excitation of principal cells and interneuron networks. We now describe two similar types of high‐frequency field oscillations recorded from the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. The first type appears be the human equivalent of normal ripples in the rat. The second, which we have termed fast ripples (FR), are in the frequency range of 250–500 Hz. FR are found in the epileptogenic region and may reflect pathological hypersynchronous population spikes of bursting pyramidal cells. Hippocampus 1999;9:137–142. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Good Models out of an assembly line or advances in targeting

To detect fast changes in customer behavior or to react in as focused a manner as possible, predictive modeling must be don e in good quality to get ef- fective predictions of customer behavior and it has to be done fast to be relevant under business aspects. Modeling speed is of great importance in industry as time is a crucial factor. This necessity requires a diff erent technical set up for model development to fulfill both needs: quality and deve lopment speed. Today most companies like to develop their models individually with the help of specialists. But for a lot of companies, this way takes too long; even though the models are excellent, the time to develop them sometimes kills the advantages of a better prediction. This article describes the general stru cture and ideas how to imple- ment industry-focused model production that will he lp to react quickly to chang- ing behavior. We will discuss the key success facto rs and the pitfalls of this as- sembly line model product.
Hypertensive Heart Disease: The Critical Role of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

The presence of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients has been linked with increased likelihood for developing congestive heart failure, the potential for myocardial ischemia and the inherent risk for sudden death. In this paper we review current knowledge regarding the role of left ventricular hypertrophy in cardiac morbidity and mortality and emphasize the need for further study to explore the efficacy of pharmaceutical agents in reducing cardiac complications of hypertension in high-risk patients.
Detection of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria from milk in various farms in north-east Algeria by a new procedure.

Twelve samples of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria were isolated from raw milk. The screening procedure has the advantage of differentiating directly on agar plates active colonies among thenatural microbial population without subsequent culture. Five of milk isolates had effective inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus, Bacillus and all Listeria monocytogenes strains tested. In addition, two bacteriocinogenic isolates were effective against Gram-negative bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The action of the bacteriocins was eliminated by a proteolytic enzyme. Simulation tests in liquid medium showed a 3 log reduction of Listeria growth in presence of bacteriocin during a period stockage of 14 days at 4°C.
Can Short Queries Be Even Shorter?

It is well known that query formulation could affect retrieval performance. Empirical observations suggested that a query may contain extraneous terms that could harm the retrieval effectiveness. This is true for both verbose and title queries. Given a query, it is possible that using its subqueries can generate more satisfying search results than using the original query. Although previous studies proposed method to reduce verbose queries, it remains unclear how we could reduce title queries given the short length of the title queries. In this paper, we focus on identifying the best performed subqueries for a given query. In particular, we formulate this problem as a ranking problem, where the goal is to rank subqueries of the query based on its predicted retrieval performance. To tackle this problem, we propose a set of novel post-retrieval features that can better capture relationships among query terms, and apply a learning-to-rank algorithm based on these features. Empirical results over TREC collections show that these new features are indeed useful in identifying the best subqueries.
Non-intrusive characterization of active device interactions in high-efficiency power amplifiers

In this work, a non-intrusive near-field technique is applied to enable the characterization of active device interactions in a 2.2-GHz 400-W LDMOS Doherty power amplifier (PA). Using the proposed technique, the individual behaviors of interacting power devices in a high-efficiency PA, in terms of their inter-dependent drain voltages, currents, power, efficiency and loading impedance, are experimentally quantified for the first time.
[The Neuropsychiatric Inventory. Psychometric properties of its adaptation into Spanish].

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Spanish (Spain) version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. PATIENTS AND METHODS The Neuropsychiatric Inventory was administered to the caregivers of 63 subjects from the Dementia Unit, Hospital Santa Caterina, Girona. All patients had detailed neuropsychological assessment, and their non-cognitive symptoms were also examined with the CAMDEX. RESULTS There was a high level of internal consistency reliability. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory subscores correlated with those of the CAMDEX, indicating an acceptable level of validity. The most frequent symptom was apathy (56%), followed by irritability (38%), depression/dysphoria (35%), aberrant motor behavior (30%), agitation/aggression (29%), anxiety (27%), disinhibition (24%), delusions (19%), hallucinations (14%) and euphoria (3%). CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the Spanish version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory is a reliable instrument, which can briefly assess non-cognitive symptoms in demented patients. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory is a useful instrument for research and clinical practice in different culture around the world.
Innovation in Portuguese Firms, Using CIS2010

Community Innovation Survey Innovation 2010 (CIS 2010) is used in this work to study the innovation level in Portuguese Firms. We use factorial analysis to identify the determinants and obstacles to innovation in Portuguese firms. The sources of innovation and cooperation to innovation are also analysed. After identifying the factors, the main sources of innovation are identified as well as the key cooperation partners. An innovation variable, was computed from the innovation variables in the CIS 2010 survey and, using a multivariate linear regression, this variable is studied as a dependent variable from the independent variables, described above, in order to investigate the effect of these variables in innovation. From the total of variables considered, only eight are significant to explain the innovation levels: Production costs and impacts on health and environment; Process and product innovation; Competitors or other enterprises in the same sector in others countries in Europe and in Portugal; Type of co-operation partner; Suppliers of equipment, materials, components, or software, in China or India; Universities or other higher education institutions in Portugal and Institutional and others sources of information.
Effect of the Adenosine A1 Receptor Agonist Gr79236 on Trigeminal Nociception with Blink Reflex Recordings in Healthy Human Subjects

GR79236 is a highly potent and selective adenosine A1 receptor agonist that has analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions in humans and animals. In animal models it inhibits trigeminal nerve firing and calcitonin gene-related peptide release which play a pivotal role in migraine pathophysiology. Thus GR79236 may have therapeutic potential in migraine. Although there are no validated human models of migraine, the trigeminal nociceptive pathways may be studied with a novel electrode to elicit nociception-specific blink reflex responses. Twelve healthy female volunteers were randomized in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial to investigate the effect of GR79236 on trigeminal nociceptive pathways, as measured by the blink reflex. A secondary objective was to compare the use of two types of electrode, the standard (SE) and nociception-specific electrodes (NE), to investigate human trigeminal pharmacology. Blink reflexes were elicited with SE and NE before and 30 min after GR79236 (10 μg/kg i.v.) or placebo. The median area under the curve of repeated sweeps of the R2 component of the blink reflex was analysed using analysis of covariance with baseline as covariate. Using NE, GR79236 produced a non-significant reduction of the ipsilateral R2 compared with placebo (P = 0.097) and a significant reduction contralaterally (P = 0.008). No significant changes were observed using SE. There were no significant adverse events. The results suggest that NE is more sensitive than SE to detect pharmacological effects in the trigeminal nociceptive system. Furthermore, the adenosine A1 receptor agonist GR79236 inhibits trigeminal nociception in humans. These results support a possible therapeutic role for GR79236 in primary headache disorders.
Recognition‐Difficulty‐Aware Hidden Images Based on Clue‐Map

Hidden images contain one or several concealed foregrounds which can be recognized with the assistance of clues preserved by artists. Experienced artists are trained for years to be skilled enough to find appropriate hidden positions for a given image. However, it is not an easy task for amateurs to quickly find these positions when they try to create satisfactory hidden images. In this paper, we present an interactive framework to suggest the hidden positions and corresponding results. The suggested results generated by our approach are sequenced according to the levels of their recognition difficulties. To this end, we propose a novel approach for assessing the levels of recognition difficulty of the hidden images and a new hidden image synthesis method that takes spatial influence into account to make the foreground harmonious with the local surroundings. During the synthesis stage, we extract the characteristics of the foreground as the clues based on the visual attention model. We validate the effectiveness of our approach by performing two user studies, including the quality of the hidden images and the suggestion accuracy.
Handling the dry-off problem in organic dairy herds by teat sealing or homeopathy com-pared to therapy omission

Avoiding antibiotics is one of the crucial goals in organic dairy herd health management. Thus, a trial with 102 cows (408 quarters) was conducted to com-pare 2 common medical dry-off practices in organic dairying, internal teat sealant (Orbeseal®, Pfizer) and herd specific homeopathic remedies, with an untreated control. Regarding the sub-clinical mastitis protection rate (IPR), the results show no significant benefit for the two treatment groups in general. The homeopathic group had an advantage in the treatment of cows at drying off showing less than 200k cells/ml. The protection OR of these cows was 5.80 (95%-CI 1.36-29.87) compared to control. Teat sealants showed the best results in protection against environmental infections. Only 13% (n=10/80) of the primarily healthy quarters were infected by environmental Streptococci, Enterococci or Coliforms after calving compared to 21% (15/70; n.s.) after homeopathic treatment and 28% in the control group. This is a 3-fold protection chance (3.04 - 95%-CI 1.2-9.0) compared to control. The results indicate that in herds with good udder health with few environmental infections, a treatment at drying off can be omitted, while sub-clinically in-fected cows could be treated by homeopathics. Only in case of increased environmental infection risk, a strategic teat sealant usage is recommended.
A Reconfigurable, Low Power, Temperature Compensated IC for 8-segment Gamma Correction Curve in TFT, OLED and PDP Displays

In the market sector of consumer products based on TFT, OLED, PDP, and other displays, there is a demand for the capability of driving different displays by means of different gamma curves with the same driver circuit. Therefore, the display driver must have a built-in reconfigurable gamma correction circuitry able to correct the gamma curve of different types of displays. The presented solution proposes a reconfigurable gamma correction circuitry having high accuracy in the generated voltage levels and high flexibility in producing gamma correction curves. The configuration circuitry is digitally temperature compensated and the whole IC has low power consumption with respect to the target product sector.
Simple analysis of a flying capacitor converter voltage balance dynamics for DC modulation

Flying capacitor multilevel PWM converter with a natural voltage balance is an attractive multilevel converter choice because it requires no voltage balance control effort. Flying capacitor converter practically does not suffer from voltage balance imposed performance limitations as opposed to multiple point clamped converter. Voltage balance dynamics analytical research methods reported to date deal mostly with an AC modulation case and are essentially based on a frequency domain analysis using double Fourier transform. Therefore, these methods require high mathematical skills, are not truly analytical and rather difficult to use in an everyday practice by electrical engineer. In this paper, we consider a DC modulation case to demonstrate that a straightforward time domain approach based on switching intervals piece-wise analytical solutions makes it easy to obtain time-averaged discrete and continuous models for voltage balance dynamics simulation. A primitive single-phase single-leg three-level converter analytical investigation yields a surprisingly simple accurate expression for capacitor charge / discharge related time constant revealing its dependence on inductive load parameters, carrier frequency, and duty ratio.
A sequential expression system for high‐throughput functional genomic analysis

A method employing sequential rounds of cell‐free protein synthesis (CFPS) was developed to identify gene products influencing the complex metabolic systems that result in protein accumulation and folding in vitro. The first round of CFPS creates an array of cell extracts individually enriched with a single gene product expressed in‐parallel from linear DNA expression templates (ETs). The cell extract is engineered to enhance template stability and to provide reaction conditions conducive for general protein activation. Following first‐round expression, linear templates are selectively degraded and a plasmid template for a reporter enzyme is added to initiate a subsequent round of protein expression. Reporter concentration and activity identify first‐round gene products that affect amino acid and nucleic acid stability, energy supply, protein expression, stability, and activation. This sequential CFPS system provides a unique format for the functional genomic identification of broadly diverse metabolic activities.