Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Management der Nutzenrealisierung aus Informationstechnologie

Seit 30 Jahren beschaftigt sich die WI-Forschung mit dem Thema "Nutzen aus dem Einsatz von Informationstechnologie". Uber die Jahre sind viele Publikationen erschienen, die unterschiedliche Ausrichtungen, Begriffe und Konzepte verwenden. Der vorliegende Beitrag schafft in einem ersten Schritt einen Uberblick uber einen Teil der vorhandenen Literatur. Im zweiten Schritt wird ein Modell zur gezielten Realisierung von Nutzen (das NuRIT- Modell) vorgestellt, das existierende Ansatze in einem integrierten Ansatz fur Wissenschaft und Praxis nutzbar machen will.
Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded Poly(A)− RNA Confers Resistance to Apoptosis Mediated through Fas by Blocking the PKR Pathway in Human Epithelial Intestine 407 Cells

ABSTRACT Our recent findings demonstrated that the Epstein-Barr virus-encoding small nonpolyadenylated RNA (EBER) confers resistance to various apoptotic stimuli and contributes to the maintenance of malignant phenotypes in Burkitt's lymphoma. In this study we investigated the role of EBER in the human epithelial Intestine 407 cell line, which is known to be susceptible to Fas (Apo1/CD95)-mediated apoptosis. Fas, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, transduces extracellular signals to the apoptotic cellular machinery, leading to cell death. Transfection of the EBER gene into Intestine 407 cells significantly protected the cells from Fas-mediated apoptosis, whereas EBER-negative cell lines underwent apoptosis after Fas treatment. EBER bound double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase R (PKR), an interferon-inducible serine/threonine kinase, and abrogated its kinase activity. Moreover, expression of the catalytically inactive dominant-negative PKR provided resistance to Fas-induced apoptosis. Expression of EBER or dominant-negative PKR also inhibited the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, a mediator of the cellular response to DNA damage, downstream of the Fas-mediated apoptotic pathway. These results in combination indicate that EBER confers resistance to Fas-mediated apoptosis by blocking PKR activity in Intestine 407 cells, consistent with the idea that EBER contributes to the maintenance of epithelioid malignancies.
외국인직접투자의 유형별 결정요인 분석 (The Determinants of Greenfield and M&A Foreign Direct Investment)

Korean Abstract: 개방화의 진전으로 세계경제환경이 하루가 다르게 변화하고 있는 가운데 선진국과 개발도상국을 막론하고 모든 국가들이 자본유입, 기술이전, 고용창출 등을 통해 자국의 산업발전을 도모할 수 있는 외국인직접투자(FDI: Foreign Direct Investment) 유치를 위해 다각적인 노력을 기울이고 있다. 특히 세계 FDI 규모는 투자 진입장벽 완화와 투자 인센티브 제공 등의 적극적인 FDI 유치정책에 힘입어 유입액 기준으로 2004년에는 6,480억 달러에서 2014년에 1조 2,300억 달러를 기록함으로서 2004년 대비 약 90% 증가하였고, 이러한 추세는 향후 2년간 계속될 것으로 예상되고 있다. 우리나라 역시 1998년 외환위기 이후 정부의 적극적인 투자유치정책에 따라 외국인 투자기업의 국내진출이 활발해지면서 FDI가 증가하여 2014년 FDI 유입액은 신고기준으로 전년대비 31% 증가한 190억 달러를 기록하였고 도착기준으로는 전년대비 17% 증가한 115억 달러를 기록하여 누적 신고금액과 도착금액 모두 사상 최대실적을 보였다. 이와 같이 FDI가 규모 측면에서 최대실적을 보이고 있지만 이는 다른 OECD 국가들과 중국, 인도, 인도네시아, 태국, 브라질 등의 개발도상국들에 비해서는 여전히 낮은 수준이다. 특히 한국의 FDI 유치실적은 2014년 현재 GDP 대비 0.7% 수준으로 주요 선진국 및 개발도상국의 6~10% 수준에 비하면 여전히 낮은 수준이다. 또한 UNCTAD Division of Investment and Enterprise에 따르면 한국의 투자유치 실적은 투자유치 잠재력에 비해 현저하게 떨어지는 수준(2000년대 이후 투자유치 실적은 30~32위, 투자유치 잠재력은 17~18위)인 것으로 나타나고 있다. 본 연구보고서는 국내외 선행연구 조사와 실증분석을 통해 국내와 세계 FDI 결정요인을 분석하고 평가하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 특히 지금까지 FDI 결정요인을 분석한 국내외 선행연구들을 조사하고 도출된 결정요인을 다시 경제적 특징을 나타내는 변수와 비경제적 특징을 나타내는 변수로 구분하여 각 변수를 중심으로 과거부터 현재까지의 FDI 관련 연구들이 어떻게 진화되었는지 검토하였으며, 우리나라 산업의 투자진입장벽을 조사·분석한 결과를 토대로 Hoekman(1995) 방식을 활용하여 산업별 투자개방지수를 도출, 국내 FDI에 미치는 효과를 실증 분석하였다. English Abstract: Along with the rapid process of trade liberalization, developed and developing countries began to put forth a multilateral effort into promoting foreign direct investment (FDI) for the purpose of capital inflows, technology transfer, and job creation. By implementing FDI promotion policies such as providing investment incentives and lowering investment barriers, global FDI inflows have increased constantly over time. In case of Korea, the size of FDI inflows and number of foreign invested companies dramatically increased after the government implemented foreign investment promotion policy to overcome the Asian financial crisis in 1998 and reached its highest peak in 2014. While FDI inflows became an essential part of domestic economy, they are still considered to be marginal when compared to those of developed and also developing countries. Taking into account of the importance of FDI inflows in Korean economy yet marginal FDI performance with respect to its potential, therefore, it is important to acknowledge the determinants that promote and hinder the FDI in Korea. This report analyzes and evaluates the determinants of FDI by investigating prior foreign and domestic trade studies and by performing the empirical analysis. In particular, we estimate for the determinants of FDI by dividing the analysis based on FDI patterns (Greenfield FDI and M&A FDI). In particular, based on the results from analyzing the changes in investment barrier across domestic industries over time, we derive FDI openness index for each industry sector and estimate its effects on different patterns of FDI inflows into domestic industries by using Korean industry-level FDI data.
Letting go and holding on: The politics of performance management in the United Kingdom

This article analyses the politics of performance management in the United Kingdom, focusing on the extent to which a highly centralised Westminster majoritarian polity has encouraged the top-down control of public services. It does so by comparing the approaches to performance management that prevailed under the Labour Governments (1997–2010) and the Coalition (2010–2015) to demonstrate the degree of continuity that exists between the ostensibly divergent approaches that each sought to develop. In particular, the article reveals that despite various promises to ‘let go’, successive governments have instead sought to ‘hold on’ to the detail of delivery, which has resulted in a burgeoning disconnect between ‘managers’ and ‘the managed’. Presenting the results of an extensive programme of original empirical research, this article is therefore of significance for theories of performance management, and illuminates the connection between macro-level ‘patterns of democracy’ and meso-level ‘patterns of public administration’.
Ideologues, Partisans, and Loyalists: Ministers and Policymaking in Parliamentary Cabinets

For the past thirty years scholars have debated the role of political parties in fiscal, monetary, and social welfare policies. Some argue that Social Democratic parties are more committed to advancing and maintaining welfare protection, while others claim that party ideology has ceased to explain parties' policy choices due to the constraining forces of economic globalization, deindustrialization, and electoral volatility. Indeed, the empirical findings in support of partisan arguments are mixed. Much of this rich literature treats political parties as uniform and cohesive entities when it comes to forming government policy. Ideologues, Partisans, and Loyalists challenges this assumption and advances the argument that ideology and partisan policy preferences play a major role in policy choices, yet they are not necessarily observable at the government or even at the party level. Instead, we often need to look at the individual level -- particularly at the cabinet minister who is in charge of the policy in question to predict policy outcomes. Ideologues, Partisans, and Loyalists innovatively argues that cabinet ministers can have very important policy role as policy agenda setters. Yet, not all ministers are equally effective policy-makers. Some make a difference, while others do not. Loyalists are loyal to their party leader and prioritize office over policy; partisans are party heavyweights and aspiring leaders; and ideologues have fixed policy ideas and are unwilling to compromise for the perks of holding office. Only ideologues and partisans can effectively change social welfare and labour market policy, above and beyond what their government mandates.
Breaking through barriers: the impact of organizational culture on open government reform

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of organizational culture on open government reforms by developing a theoretical framework bridging the theory and practice gap. Design/methodology/approach An exploratory qualitative study consisting of a document analysis and a case study was conducted. Findings An open organizational culture is a precursor to effective open government. A network strategy as a facilitator for developing an open culture was used in one US federal agency, breaking across boundaries within the organization, creating greater symmetrical horizontal and vertical openness. Originality/value Much of the focus in both theory and practice has been on the use of technology as a vehicle to increase government openness. This study argues that a movement toward openness is beyond the technical. Organizational culture is a key to openness and may need to be changed. A networks strategy may be one way to facilitate a transformation to a more open culture.
Adaptive sliding mode for path following control of the unmanned helicopter based on disturbance compensation techniques

This paper aims to address the robust control problem of the unmanned helicopter during a path-following task in the presence of inertia uncertainty and external disturbance. A combination of the adaptive sliding mode control method and a nonlinear disturbance observer is proposed as a solution, where the upper bounds of the parametric uncertainty and disturbance are not required in advance. Firstly, according to the force of the flight system, the dynamic model is established by using the Newton-Euler equation and simplified properly. Then an adaptive sliding mode variable structure control method is proposed to combine with adaptive control method, nonlinear disturbance observer (NDO) and sliding mode control techniques which is used to obtain the position controller and attitude controller, respectively. On the premise of sliding mode control to ensure the control robustness, the adaptive control variables are used to compensate the parameter uncertainty and extern disturbance. Base on the Lyapunov theory, the global asymptotic stability is validated. Finally, the algorithm is verified by Matlab simulation experiment and the result is analyzed. It can be seen that the adaptive sliding mode control method has invariance to parameter perturbation and external disturbances and is feasible.
Versatility in Corrinoid Salvaging and Remodeling Pathways Supports Corrinoid-Dependent Metabolism in Dehalococcoides mccartyi

ABSTRACT Corrinoids are cobalt-containing molecules that function as enzyme cofactors in a wide variety of organisms but are produced solely by a subset of prokaryotes. Specific corrinoids are identified by the structure of their axial ligands. The lower axial ligand of a corrinoid can be a benzimidazole, purine, or phenolic compound. Though it is known that many organisms obtain corrinoids from the environment, the variety of corrinoids that can serve as cofactors for any one organism is largely unstudied. Here, we examine the range of corrinoids that function as cofactors for corrinoid-dependent metabolism in Dehalococcoides mccartyi strain 195. Dehalococcoides bacteria play an important role in the bioremediation of chlorinated solvents in the environment because of their unique ability to convert the common groundwater contaminants perchloroethene and trichloroethene to the innocuous end product ethene. All isolated D. mccartyi strains require exogenous corrinoids such as vitamin B12 for growth. However, like many other corrinoid-dependent bacteria, none of the well-characterized D. mccartyi strains has been shown to be capable of synthesizing corrinoids de novo. In this study, we investigate the ability of D. mccartyi strain 195 to use specific corrinoids, as well as its ability to modify imported corrinoids to a functional form. We show that strain 195 can use only specific corrinoids containing benzimidazole lower ligands but is capable of remodeling other corrinoids by lower ligand replacement when provided a functional benzimidazole base. This study of corrinoid utilization and modification by D. mccartyi provides insight into the array of strategies that microorganisms employ in acquiring essential nutrients from the environment.
Opportunistic Beamforming With Single Beamforming Matrix for Virtual Antenna Arrays

Opportunistic beamforming is a promising technique for downlink channels in cellular systems. When opportunistic beamforming is to support multiple users at a time, it is important to form multiple beams with as little interference as possible. In the conventional approach with limited feedback of channel state information from users, the best beamforming matrix can be selected from a set of multiple beamforming matrices. Thus, at each time when a different set of users are selected by a scheduler, a new beamforming matrix has to be found, which may require excessive complexity. To avoid this problem, in this paper, we propose an opportunistic beamforming approach with a single fixed beamforming matrix for stationary users. Since the beams are fixed, we only need to perform user selection (and power allocation if necessary). It is also shown that the proposed approach is suited for a distributed virtual antenna array built by multiple base station or access point units, since the intercorrelation between the users' channel vectors in this case allows effective opportunistic beamforming based on user classification in conjunction with a single beamforming matrix.
Symmetric/asymmetric CPW feed compact UWB antenna with polarization diversity characteristic

A compact symmetric/asymmetric CPW feed UWB antenna with polarization diversity characteristic is presented. The proposed structure consists of two orthogonally placed UWB antennas. One of the antenna elements in the proposed structure is feed with symmetric CPW feed while another antenna is feed with asymmetric CPW feed. The proposed feeding techniques minimize the mutual coupling (≤ 20dB) between the antenna elements. The proposed structure provides an impedance bandwidth of more than 10 GHz, which covers Bluetooth/Wi-Fi bands along with UWB bandwidth. The transmission and diversity characteristics of the proposed antenna are measured and results are reported in terms of group-delay, transfer-function response, and Envelop-Correlation coefficient response. A good agreement between simulated and measured results shows that the proposed antenna can be used for UWB diversity application.
The Relationship Between Online Social Networking and Depression: A Systematic Review of Quantitative Studies

Online social networking sites (SNSs) such as Facebook, Twitter, and MySpace are used by billions of people every day to communicate and interact with others. There has been increasing interest in the potential impact of online social networking on wellbeing, with a broadening body of new research into factors associated with both positive and negative mental health outcomes such as depression. This systematic review of empirical studies (n = 30) adds to existing research in this field by examining current quantitative studies focused on the relationship between online social networking and symptoms of depression. The academic databases PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE were searched systematically using terms related to online social networking and depression. Reporting quality was critically appraised and the findings discussed with reference to their wider implications. The findings suggest that the relationship between online social networking and symptoms of depression may be complex and associated with multiple psychological, social, behavioral, and individual factors. Furthermore, the impact of online social networking on wellbeing may be both positive and negative, highlighting the need for future research to determine the impact of candidate mediators and moderators underlying these heterogeneous outcomes across evolving networks.
Presbycusis Occurs After Cochlear Implantation Also: A Retrospective Study of Pure Tone Thresholds Over Time

Objective To assess aided soundfield pure tone thresholds after cochlear implantation in adults over time. Study Design Retrospective case review. Setting Academic tertiary care center. Patients Seventy-seven severe-to-profoundly deafened adults implanted with one of 5 different internal devices. Intervention Cochlear implantation. Main Outcome Measures Outcome measures were cochlear implant aided soundfield pure tone thresholds at 250, 500, 1,000, 2,000, 4,000, and 6,000 Hz. Results For the 77 adult patients in the study, pure tone aided thresholds deteriorated over time at 500, 1,000, 2,000, 4,000, and 6,000 Hz at rates ranging from 0.54 to 0.86 dB per year with the implant (p < 0.01). There was no significant change in thresholds over time at 250 Hz (p = 0.30). Overall, 55% of adults showed significantly worse thresholds at 3 or more frequencies. For adults over age 50, the rate of deterioration increased (range, 1.12–1.69 dB per year, p < 0.001), and more of these patients showed significantly worse thresholds at 3 or more frequencies (63%). Conclusion This long-term case review shows that a large percentage of implanted adults show a deterioration in aided pure tone thresholds over time. As in presbycusis, this deterioration is most prominent at the highest frequencies; however, the incidence and rate of deterioration is higher than that seen in presbycusis. These physiologic changes are not indicative of device failure and do not mean that performance measures will necessarily deteriorate.
Ultra-Wideband system-level simulator for positioning and tracking (U-SPOT)

Realistic simulation of Ultra-Wideband (UWB) positioning and tracking is a tough and challenging task. Lots of parameters have a significant impact on the final performance of the positioning system, such as parameters of the transmitted waveform, radio regulations, channel, receiver, ranging-, positioning-, and tracking-algorithm, and finally the geometric setup. A realistic simulation framework is needed to develop and optimize UWB methods and algorithms. This work proposes a novel framework for realistic UWB positioning simulations. All stages of influence have been modelled carefully. While ray-tracing simulators focus on a given user defined scenario, our approach uses statistically defined environments. Random processes are used to select channel impulse responses from a measurement database, according to an algorithm that introduces realistic large and small-scale variability with space. In particular, line-of-sight (LOS) and non-LOS (NLOS) channels are used at a defined ratio. In this work the application of the simulation framework is demonstrated to compare the performance of a least-squares (LS) positioning algorithm to a standard and an extended Kalman filter (SKF and EKF) tracking algorithm in environments with a large fraction of NLOS range measurements. The IEEE 802.15. 4a standard is analyzed with respect to its positioning performance. It is shown that the localization accuracy and reliability can be improved significantly with the tracking algorithms, but their performance drop significantly with increasing probability of NLOS links.
Plant response to climate change along the forest‐tundra ecotone in northeastern Siberia

Russia's boreal (taiga) biome will likely contract sharply and shift northward in response to 21st century climatic change, yet few studies have examined plant response to climatic variability along the northern margin. We quantified climate dynamics, trends in plant growth, and growth–climate relationships across the tundra shrublands and Cajander larch (Larix cajanderi Mayr.) woodlands of the Kolyma river basin (657 000 km2) in northeastern Siberia using satellite‐derived normalized difference vegetation indices (NDVI), tree ring‐width measurements, and climate data. Mean summer temperatures (Ts) increased 1.0 °C from 1938 to 2009, though there was no trend (P > 0.05) in growing year precipitation or climate moisture index (CMIgy). Mean summer NDVI (NDVIs) increased significantly from 1982 to 2010 across 20% of the watershed, primarily in cold, shrub‐dominated areas. NDVIs positively correlated (P < 0.05) with Ts across 56% of the watershed (r = 0.52 ± 0.09, mean ± SD), principally in cold areas, and with CMIgy across 9% of the watershed (r = 0.45 ± 0.06), largely in warm areas. Larch ring‐width measurements from nine sites revealed that year‐to‐year (i.e., high‐frequency) variation in growth positively correlated (P < 0.05) with June temperature (r = 0.40) and prior summer CMI (r = 0.40) from 1938 to 2007. An unexplained multi‐decadal (i.e., low‐frequency) decline in annual basal area increment (BAI) occurred following the mid‐20th century, but over the NDVI record there was no trend in mean BAI (P > 0.05), which significantly correlated with NDVIs (r = 0.44, P < 0.05, 1982–2007). Both satellite and tree‐ring analyses indicated that plant growth was constrained by both low temperatures and limited moisture availability and, furthermore, that warming enhanced growth. Impacts of future climatic change on forests near treeline in Arctic Russia will likely be influenced by shifts in both temperature and moisture, which implies that projections of future forest distribution and productivity in this area should take into account the interactions of energy and moisture limitations.
Single depth map super-resolution: A self-structured sparsity representation with non-local total variation technique

Recently, depth maps introduce a very effective representation for solving many fundamental computer vision problems. However, modern 3D scanning devices, such as TOF (Time Of Flight) cameras and Microsoft Kinect sensor, provide a huge unbalance between the resolution of the intensity image and its corresponding depth map. Here, we address the problem of single depth map up-sampling using a new non-local total variation decomposition process with a self-learning structured sparsity model. This technique considers the fact of the decomposed components should be regularized by different constraints, hence better representation for depth maps in sparse domain can be achieved. Using different datasets, experimental results demonstrate superior effectiveness in terms of qualitative and quantitative measures.
The impact of compensation, supervision and work design on internship efficacy: implications for educators, employers and prospective interns

Abstract Internships are a growing, yet controversial, labour market phenomenon. In particular, the issue of unpaid internships has been the source of legislative, judicial and ethical debate. Some have criticised colleges and universities for promoting an expansion of internships for undergraduate students – with little regard for internship characteristics such as compensation, quality of supervision and work activities. Meanwhile, there is a paucity of research examining the role internship characteristics, such as compensation, supervisor behaviours and work design have on internship efficacy. Based on a survey of undergraduate students in the US, the results showed that supervisor mentoring, the developmental value of the internship and the job pursuit intentions of the intern with the host employer were lower for those reporting on their unpaid internship vs. paid internship. Meanwhile, supervisor support and supervisor mentoring are significant predictors of internship efficacy regardless of internship compensation, while work design has much less of an impact on internship efficacy. The implications of the findings for educators, employers and prospective interns are highlighted.