Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulation Difficulties , and Disordered Eating Among College Women and Men

In this study, we examined a structural equation model in which attachment anxiety and avoidance were associated with binge eating and restricted eating behaviors through distinct emotion regulation difficulties of emotional reactivity and emotional cutoff among college women (n = 744) and men (n = 200). As predicted, attachment anxiety was associated with emotional reactivity which, in turn, was associated with binge eating. Attachment avoidance was associated with emotional cutoff which, in turn, was associated with restricted eating, both in college women and men. Two gender differences were found: the association between emotional cutoff and binge eating was statistically significant only for women, and the association between emotional reactivity and binge eating was stronger for men than for women. Clinical implications are suggested, specifically the importance of addressing attachment insecurities and distinct emotion regulation difficulties related to serving college women and men with binge eating and/or restricted eating behaviors.
Comparison of Three Methods for Determining the Prey Preference of the Muricid Snail Reishia clavigera

We propose an appropriate method for investigating the prey preferences of the muricid snail Reishia clavigera (Kuster, 1860) with limited collection of live prey. We compared 3 methods for examining the prey preference. The first was a predation experiment, conducted with dead prey instead of live prey. The second was a prey choice test using a few preys. In this experiment, both live and dead prey were used. The last method was a stable isotope analysis of R. clavigera and its putative prey items. Using live prey, bivalves were the most preferred prey, but goose barnacle was the most preferred prey species in experiments using dead prey. The carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis supported the live prey experiment. Since R. clavigera prefer preying on live prey but will scavenge or cannibalize when no other food is available in natural habitats, experimental methods using dead prey are not suitable for investigating its prey preferences. Considering the damage to natural habitats, the prey choice test is ecologically benign. Taken together, our findings suggested the prey choice test is the most appropriate method of identifying the prey preferences of muricid snails when large numbers of live preys are difficult to collect.
Growth and dieback of aspen forests in northwestern Alberta, Canada, in relation to climate and insects

Trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) is the most important deciduous tree in the Canadian boreal forest, with >1000 Tg of carbon stored in the aboveground biomass of this species. Since the early 1990s, aspen dieback has been noted over parts of the southern boreal forest and aspen parkland in western Canada. In this study, tree-ring analysis and forest health assessments were conducted in 18 aspen stands near Grande Prairie, Alta. , to exam - ine causes of reduced growth and dieback. Defoliation histories were reconstructed based on light-colored ("white") tree rings and records of past insect outbreaks. The results indicated that several factors contributed to the observed dieback. Defoliation by forest tent caterpillar ( Malacosoma disstria Hbn.) and drought in the 1960s and 1980s led to reduced growth and predisposed some stands to secondary damage by wood-boring insects and fungal pathogens. Thaw-freeze events during a period (1984-1993) of unusually light snow cover in late winter may have also contrib- uted to the observed dieback. Under global change, the severity of these stressors may increase, which would pose a serious concern for the future health, productivity, and carbon sequestration of aspen forests in the region. Resume : Avec plus de 1000 Tg de carbone emmagasine dans la biomasse epigee de cette essence, le peuplier faux- tremble (Populus tremuloides Michx.) est l'espece decidue la plus importante dans la foret boreale canadienne. Depuis le debut des annees 1990, le deperissement du peuplier faux-tremble a ete note dans certaines parties de la foret bo- reale meridionale et les tremblaies de l'ouest du Canada. Dans cette etude, l'analyse des cernes annuels et l'evaluation de l'etat de sante de la foret ont ete realisees dans 18 peuplements de peuplier faux-tremble, pres de Grande Prairie en Alberta, afin d'examiner les causes de la reduction de croissance et du deperissement. L'historique des defoliations a ete reconstitue sur la base des cernes de couleur pâle (« blanc ») et des donnees sur les epidemies d'insectes passees. Les resultats montrent que plusieurs facteurs ont contribue au deperissement qui a ete observe. La defoliation par la livree des forets (Malacosoma disstria Hbn.) et la secheresse survenues au cours des annees 1960 et 1980 ont entraine une reduction de croissance et predispose certains peuplements aux attaques des insectes xylophages et des pathogenes fongiques. Des episodes de degel et gel lors d'une periode (1984-1993) ou la couverture de neige etait exceptionnelle- ment mince a la fin de l'hiver peuvent egalement avoir contribue au deperissement. Dans le contexte d'un rechauffe- ment global, la severite de ces stress pourrait augmenter, ce qui causerait une grande inquietude dans l'avenir pour la sante et la productivite des forets de peuplier faux-tremble dans la region et la sequestration du carbone par ces forets.
A Reduced Size Planar Grid Array Antenna for Automotive Radar Sensors

A new configuration of a planar grid array antenna for automotive radar applications operating in the 77–81 GHz frequency band is introduced. The proposed array is based on miniaturized loop elements, which are designed to maintain the mutual interelement distance along the azimuthal plane to less than half free-space wavelength, thus allowing a better scanning performance in the final radar system. Moreover, to enhance the gain bandwidth performance, the antenna adopts multiresonant cells realized using variably dimensioned radiation elements. The proposed design was validated experimentally and it is fully compliant with multichannel monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) designed for automotive radar sensor applications.
MapLocal: Use of Smartphones for Crowdsourced Planning

This paper discusses the development of a smartphone app, MapLocal, which seeks to empower residents to gather spatial data about their neighbourhood. Responding to the new Neighbourhood Planning powers offered within the Localism Act, 2011, a pilot scheme was undertaken with 50 participants across two neighbourhoods in Birmingham, UK. The app allows the crowdsourcing of knowledge from individuals to report on different characteristics of their neighbourhood and to undertake visioning exercises developing possible schemes to improve it. We argue that the app enables wider engagement with the early phases of a planning process, partially mitigating the post-political challenge to planning, which seeks to marginalize dissenting voices in order to promote the interests of the powerful.
The Impact of Crises and States of Emergency on Political Leadership

Crises present extraordinary challenges for political leaders. The uncertainty due to unprecedented circumstances along with increased levels of threat and risk require decisive action and appropriate responses from the incumbent political leaders. Not only do crises alter the external conditions of government, but they also frequently put political leaders to the test by calling for innovative answers over and beyond the customary. The chief question the present paper explores is precisely how states of emergency modify the conditions of leadership, the opportunity structure and room for manoeuvre enjoyed by leaders and how they impact political leadership along with the respective success of different types of leaders.
Searches for dark matter annihilation signatures in the Segue 1 satellite galaxy with the MAGIC-I telescope

We report the results of the observation of the nearly satellite galaxy Segue 1 performed by the MAGIC-I ground-based gamma-ray telescope between November 2008 and March 2009 for a total of 43.2 hours. No significant gamma-ray emission was found above the bmkground. Differential upper limits on the grimma-ray flux are derived assuming various power-law slopes for the possible emission spectrum. Integral upper limits are also calculated for several power-law spectra and for different energy thresholds. The values are of the order of 10(-11) ph cm(-2) s(-1) above 100 GeV and 10(-12) ph cm(-2) s(-1) above 200 GeV. Segue 1 is currently considered one of the most interesting targets for indirect dark matter searches. In these terms, the upper limits have been also interpreted in the context of annihilating dark matter particles. For such purpose, we performed a grid scan over a reasonable portion of the parameter space for the minimal SuperGravity model and computed the flux upper limit for each point separately, taking fully into account the peculiar spectral features of each model. We found that in order to match the experimental upper limits with the model predictions, a minimum flux boost of 10(3) is required, and that the upper limits are quite dependent on the shape of the gamma-ray energy spectrum predicted by each specific model. Finally we compared the upper limits with the predictions of some dark matter models able to explain the PAMELA rise in the positron ratio, finding that Segue 1 data are in tension with the dark matter explanation of the PAMELA spectrum in the case of a dark matter candidate annihilating into tau(+)tau(-). A complete exclusion however is not possible due to the uncertainties in the Segue 1 astrophysical factor.
Basal conditions for Pine Island and Thwaites Glaciers, West Antarctica, determined using satellite and airborne data

Abstract We use models constrained by remotely sensed data from Pine Island and Thwaites Glaciers, West Antarctica, to infer basal properties that are difficult to observe directly. The results indicate strong basal melting in areas upstream of the grounding lines of both glaciers, where the ice flow is fast and the basal shear stress is large. Farther inland, we find that both glaciers have ‘mixed’ bed conditions, with extensive areas of both bedrock and weak till. In particular, there are weak areas along much of Pine Island Glacier’s main trunk that could prove unstable if it retreats past the band of strong bed just above its current grounding line. In agreement with earlier studies, our forward ice-stream model shows a strong sensitivity to small perturbations in the grounding line position. These results also reveal a large sensitivity to the assumed bed (sliding or deforming) model, with non-linear sliding laws producing substantially greater dynamic response than earlier simulations that assume a linear-viscous till rheology. Finally, comparison indicates that our results using a plastic bed are compatible with the limited observational constraints and theoretical work that suggests an upper bound exists on maximum basal shear stress.
Vegetation Canopy and Radiation Controls on Permafrost Plateau Evolution within the Discontinuous Permafrost Zone, Northwest Territories, Canada

This study examines the links between the spatial distribution of three‐dimensional vegetation structural characteristics and historical permafrost plateau area changes using airborne light detection and ranging and aerial photography. The results show that vegetation is prone to reduced canopy fractional cover (by up to 50%) and reduced canopy heights (by 16−30%) at the edges of plateaus. Reduced biomass may cause a positive feedback, whereby diminished within‐ and below‐canopy shadowing (by 1 h of shadow time per day) results in increased radiation incident on the ground surface (16% greater at open‐ vs closed‐canopy plateau sites) and increased longwave radiation losses (74% greater at open‐ vs closed‐canopy plateau sites). Increased incident shortwave radiation may result in augmented thawing of permafrost and increased meltwater runoff, which further inhibits vegetation and permafrost persistence. Edge influences on ground thaw cause vegetation to die over several years (confirmed using historical aerial photography), thereby exacerbating thaw and plateau area reduction (plateau area reduction = ~27% over 60 years). Permafrost degradation is also evidenced by the increasingly fragmented characteristics of the landscape. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hypoglycaemia Among Children Presenting To Emergency Paediatrics Unit Of Abia University Teaching Hospital, Aba, Nigeria

Background: Blood glucose like oxygen is essential for normal cell function, especially the brain. The morbidity and mortality associated with hypoglycaemia, and the extent to which it complicates several childhood illnesses is of major paediatric importance. Objective: This study was aimed at evaluating hypoglycaemia among children presenting to the Emergency Paediatrics Unit (EPU) of Abia State University Teaching Hospital (ABSUTH) Aba, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective descriptive hospital-based study. One hundred and ninety eight (198) children, aged twenty nine (29) days to fourteen(14) years that presented to the EPU were enrolled into the study. The study was carried out over a five month period. The patients’ personal datae, detailed history and examination findings were recorded in the study proforma. Random Blood Sugar (RBS) on admission, and subsequent RBS values for hypoglycaemic patients were done using a glucometer. Hypoglycaemia was defined as RBS <2.2 mmol/l. The data analysis was done with SPSS version 15.0. For all analyses, p-value < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: The prevalence rate of hypoglycaemia was 10.1%. Hypoglycaemia was significantly associated with age less than one year, living at the outskirts of the town, ingestion of quinine ,chloroquine and ApaAfo concoction ( traditional remedy), not eating for at least 4 hours, deep coma, death, and mortality within 24 hours of presentation. Conclusion: Childhood hypoglycaemia has a high prevalence, complicates certain clinical conditions and increases mortality. Therefore, there is a need for a high index of suspicion for hypoglycaemia in every ill child.
Physical therapy and health-social benefits of controlled physical activities in disability children

Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to analyse anthropometric indicators, e.g. quiescent heart rate, quiescent respiratory rate and heart rate burden, in children with mental, hearing, visual disabilities participated in intervention programs of controlled physical activities. Material and methods: 180 children: 90 males, 90 females, aged 8-15 years, were divided in experimental and control samples according researched disabilities. Intervention method was realised in 10 months period. 3 times in 10 months of intervention program was provided an investigation, followed by data analysis. Relations of dependent variables to probands’ sex, to experiment and its exact phases were evaluated using repeated measures ANOVA, software Statgraphics Centurion. Results: A tendency for a decrease in quiescent heart rate and quiescent respiratory rate was found among both boys and girls from all experimental groups, whereas for the controls this value either stayed at baseline level or even increased. In the case of heart rate burden, the values significantly decreased for the experimental groups and increased for the control group members. Conclusions: The presented evaluation of the positive changes shows that the hypothesis has been verified in all three aspects. Significant positive changes were approved in the monitored indicators through the intervention programs of controlled physical activities in children with mental, hearing or visual disabilities. The results verified the specific prevention and treatment benefits of controlled physical activities in the child disability context in the important age period of 8-15 years. to continue research and on a larger scale to analyse functional changes under the influence of training in children with disabilities.
Urban Services Growth in China: The Influence of Institutional Environment Factors

Urban services played increasing important role in China’s economy. The economic marketization and internalization reform had greatly improved China’s institutional environment, which contribute significantly to urban services growth. However, the effects of institutional environment factors on urban services growth are practically neglected. Therefore, to answer what are the institutional environment factors and how their effects on urban services growth in China, the paper selected urban services marketization and openness (FDI) level as institutional variables. Basing on data of 2009-2013 from 286 cities, the hierarchical multiple regression techniques was used to evaluate the effects of institutional factor. The findings indicated that both services marketization and openness level had significantly positive effects on urban services growth. In addition, it was found that a preferential policy was also important in services growth. This had policies implications that the government should implement strategies towards a more balanced urban services growth with specific priority on strategies to improve the urban services marketization and their openness level.
Early childhood exposure to media violence: What parents and policymakers ought to know

We review the state of evidence supporting a link between violent media exposure in preschool- aged children and subsequent well-being outcomes. We searched through four decades (1971–2011) of literature for enlightening details on the relationship between early exposure to media violence and health outcomes in later childhood and adolescence. Evidence suggests that preschool exposure may be linked to increased aggression and self-regulation problems. Results are discussed in the context of displacement, social cognitive and overstimulation theories. We recommend increasing efforts towards developing guidelines for families and professionals concerned with the well-being of children.
The adjustment strategies of Mexican ejidatarios in the face of neoliberal reform

Since 1988 the ejido sector in Mexico has been buffeted by a series of policy changes and exogenous shocks that have brought into question the agricultural viability of the sector as a whole. These changes -trade liberalization, privatization, falling subsidies, the abolition of price controls, macroeconomic shocks, devaluation and momentous changes in the legal framework governing land use in the ejido- have led to a radical reordering of the policy framework and incentive structure under which the farmers of these communal lands operate. The cumulative effect of these reforms has theoretically been to give ejido producers the freedom and flexibility to adjust to changes in the incentive structure and emerge as viable, competitive producers in an increasingly globalized economy. Unfortunately, the hoped-for benefits first of sectoral reform, then of macroeconomic reform, have not materialized. The author provides a brief history of the ejido sector and the Salinas/Zedillo reforms. He then discusses in broad terms the responses that ejidatarios have made to these neoliberal reforms and the subsequent macroeconomic crisis. This is followed by a detailed look at the different components of this changing situation: land accumulation, risk-averse agriculture, scarcity of credit, livestock accumulation, diversification into off-farm activities and income structure. The principal tools of analysis are categorization of households on the basis of changes in these different components and comparison of the characteristics and asset positions of households engaged in different response strategies. The article concludes by analysing the consequences of these response strategies for State development policy in the rural sector in Mexico.
LINEAMIENTOS PARA EL DESARROLLO DE TÉCNICAS PARA EL APRENDIZAJE IMPLÍCITO EN NIÑOS DE EDAD ESCOLAR

En el presente trabajo se sugieren lineamientos para el entrenamiento del aprendizaje implicito que tienen por objeto la compensacion de algunas dificultades en el aprendizaje explicito. Por ello, se proponen algunas tecnicas basadas en los paradigmas experimentales clasicos de AI que pueden aplicarse en ninos de edad escolar con deficit demostrado para aprender de manera explicita. Comentaremos aplicaciones relativas al aprendizaje implicito de series, al aprendizaje implicito de covariaciones entre Estimulos Relacionados, al aprendizaje de patrones de movimiento, al aprendizaje implicito de funciones de relacion entre dos Variables, y al aprendizaje Implicito de Reglas Sintacticas. Palabras clave Aprendizaje Implicito Explicito tecnicas ninos ABSTRACT RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPLICIT LEARNING IN CHILDREN OF SCHOOL AGE In the present article we suggest some recommendations related with implicit learning (AI) that can be applied in order to compensate some difficulties in explicit learning. For it, we propose some examples based on AI’s experimental classic paradigms that might be useful for children of school age. We will comment some applications that are related to implicit learning of series, implicit learning of covariations between Related Stimuli, the movement learning regularities, the implicit learning of relation functions between two variables, and the Implicit learning of Syntactic Rules. Key words Learning Implicit Explicit technologies children
Error Analysis of Target Angle and Angular Velocity in a PLL-based FMCW Radar Measurement

This paper analyzes the error in a real-time measurement of the angular velocity of a moving target. The angular velocity is deduced from two successive FMCW radar measurements using two homodyne radar systems with fast frequency ramps. We analyze the effect of phase noise in the phase-locked loop (PLL) driving the radar system on the rms error of the measured angular velocity. For fast frequency ramps, this error is given as a function of target distance, sweep bandwidth and VCO phase noise. The proposed method can support collision avoidance in automotive applications.
Lured by the Consensus

We find that investors are fixated on analysts’ consensus outputs (earnings forecasts, recommendations, and forecast dispersion), which can be inferior signals compared to the corresponding outputs provided by high-quality analysts, especially when a large number of high-quality analysts follow the firm. This result, which holds at the firm and market level, implies inefficient use of the information contained in analysts’ outputs. Further, the post-earnings announcement drift (PEAD) phenomenon occurs only when high-quality analysts are more uncertain about the firm’s performance than all analysts following the firm. We conclude that the market’s fixation on consensus measures has significant negative economic implications.