Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Serogroup C meningococcal conjugate vaccines: immunogenicity, immune persistence and induction of immunological memory

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Epidemiological Investigation and Antibiotic Sensitivity of Salmonellosis in Goats at the Selected Areas of Bangladesh

Salmonellosis is one of the life-threating diseases of goat in Bangladesh. Therefore, the present study was designed to study the prevalence of Salmonellosis, and isolation and characterizations of the Salmonella spp. from apparently healthy and diarrheic goat. A total of 47 faces samples were collected from selected place and cultured onto different prescribed medium to isolate it. In this study, 12.76% (6/47) samples were found to be positive for Salmonella spp. During culture on SS agar medium, all of the Salmonella isolates produced round, smooth, opaque, translucent and black color colonies on SS agar media. All of the isolated Salmonella spp. fermented dextrose, maltose and mannitol with production of acid and gas but did not ferment sucrose and lactose. However, these isolates had showed Indole and Voges-Proskauer test negative, Methyl-Red test positive. All of these isolates were subjected to rapid plate agglutination test with polyvalent “O” (Poly ‘O’) and polyvalent “H” (poly ‘H’) antisera where positive agglutination were observed. They were highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin, spiramycin and gentamycin; moderately sensitive to oxytetracyline, streptomycin and amoxicillin; less sensitive to sulphamethoxazole and resistant to penicillin-G. Based on the present findings, it may be concluded that the investigated Salmonella spp. from goats might be S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis, S. brandenburg, S. salford, S. newbrunswick, S. newport or S. dublin. Further study will be needed, therefore it requires further characterization using other serological and molecular techniques.
Dietary hydroxycinnamic acids, phase I and Phase II metabolism

Dietam Hydroxycinnamic Acids: Phase 1 and Phase II Metabolism M.Sc., 2000 Hugh Scobie Graduate Department o Faculty of Pharmacy University of Toronto 1 Sciences Plant phenolics have been found to exert many beneficial heaith effects. Much is known about their beneficial health effects, but very little is known about their metabolism. The largest group of plant phenolics in the diet are the hydroxycimamic acids (e.g., chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid fedic acid). Mass and W spectral analyses have been used to show that caffeic. chlorogenic, and dihydrocaffeic acids were metabolized by phase 1 enzymes to form a reactive orrhoquinone. which in tum formed various conjugates with glutathione. The ortho-quinone fonned also undement further oxidation in the presence of H202/0? to form a hydroxylated product and possibly its para-quinone oxidation product. The phase II conjugating enzyme catechol O-methyitransferase also catalyzed the 3-O-methylation of caffeic, chlorogenic and dihydrocaffeic acids. while CYP 1 A 112 catalyzed an O-demethylation of ferulic acid and dihydroferulic acid. Hepatocytes also catalyzed the reduction of caffeic acid to dihydrocaffeic acii.
Isolation, culture, identification and muscle differentiation of skeletal muscle satellite cells in Beijing fatty chicken.

【Objective】 This research was aimed to explore a protocol of isolation, culture and identification of skeletal satellite cells, and to establish an optimal in vitro amplification system for Beijing Fatty chicken skeletal muscle satellite cells, thereby laying a technical foundation for future pertinent researches. 【Method】 Pectoral muscles were isolated from 15-day-old chicken embryos, disassociated with collagenase and trypsin and purified via differential adhesion. Satellite cells were detected for the expression of Pax7, Myod and Desmin and induced to muscle. Proliferative capacities in three different culture systems were compared as well. 【Result】 The cultured cells expressed Pax7 and MyoD in nucleus and desmin in cytoplasm, demonstrating that they were indeed Beijing Fatty chicken skeletal muscle satellite cells. Satellite cells underwent muscle differentiation and formed multinucleated myotubes. Muscle differentiation markers MHC in cytoplasm were detected in these cells. And it represented an optimal system for Beijing Fatty chicken skeletal muscle satellite cells to be cultured in media containing DMEM/F12+ 15%FBS+2.5ng·mL-1 basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). 【Conclusion】 The present study successfully isolated and identified the skeletal muscle satellite cells in Beijing Fatty chicken and established their optimal in vitro culture system. Satellite cells were also successfully induced to differentiate into muscle , and, accordingly, provided a theoretical and technical basis for studying the mechanism of skeletal muscle growth and development in future.
Damage to Southern Pines in Texas by Pissodes nemorensis

An outbreak of the deodar weevil, Pissodes nemorensis Germar, in Texas is reported along with cursory life-history observations. Attacks occur mostly in September. Scorched needles, thin crowns, dead terminal leaders, and dead lateral branches on large trees are characteristic damage. These descriptions should help workers recognize P. nemorensis damage in the field.
Determination of exponential rate constants for calpain-mediated degradation of myofibrillar complexed proteins

time course of calpain action on purified myofibrillar/cytoskeletal complexes from cardiac and fast muscle tissue exists. To test the response of individual substrate proteins to degradation (i.e. susceptibility), exogenous calpain (1.5U/ml) was incubated with 40 ug of highly purified rat myofibrillar complexes from cardiac and gastrocnemius muscles (0 to 60 min), in vitro. Apparent molecular weights (SDS-PAGE) were used to compare and identify individual myofibril proteins. Myofibrillar yields for cardiac (n=9) and fast skeletal (n=9) muscles were 62.93 ± 6.58 and 98.42 ± 9.36 mg/g (p<0.05). Following 30 minutes of calpain treatment, the amount of cardiac desmin, C-protein, a-actinin and troponin-T remaining in complex were 0%, 19%, 23% and 68%, compared to controls (p<0.05). For fast skeletal muscle, the remaining desmin, C-protein, a-actinin and tropomyosin after 30 minutes of calpain digestion was 0%, 38%, 51% and 17%, respectively, compared to control (p<0.05). The estimated exponential rate constants (k) for degradation/loss for each protein (in both tissues) had the following order: desmin>C-protein>a -actinin (p<0.05). The results of this study support the hypothesis that there are selective degradation rates and an ordered sequence of degradation for myofibrillar complexed proteins. Factors contributing to the heterogeneity of k values for myofibril proteins, and therefore their susceptibility to calpain degradation, may be their spatial arrangement (peripheral -> central) within the myofibril and/or their primary amino acid residue
Toxicity of Rishitin, Rishitin-M-1 and Rishitin-M-2 to Phytophthora infestans and Potato Tissue

Rishitin and rishitin metabolites were tested for their antifungal activities to spore germination and mycelial growth of Phytophthora infestans, and for toxicity to potato tuber tissues. The antifungal activities of rishitin-M-1 and rishitin-M-2 to races 0 and 1 of P. infestans were about one tenth that of rishitin. Treatment of tuber tissue C.V. s Rishiri, Irish cobbler and Pentland ace with rishitin caused injury and darkening of the treated tissue at about 5×10-3M, but treatments with rishitin-M-1 and rishitin-M-2 had little effect on the tuber tissue even at 10-2M, the highest concentration tested. Little difference in the toxicities to the fungi and the tuber tissue was observed between rishitin-M-2 and its epimer: (11S)- rishitin-M-2. These results suggest that metabolism of rishitin to rishitin-M-1 and rishitin-M-2 may protect the healthy potato tissue from toxic effect of accumulated rishitin. These phenomena suggest that a mechanism exist in healthy plant tissue for the detoxification of the phytoalexin.
The mixture problem in computer mapping of terrain: Improved techniques for establishing spectral signatures, atmospheric path radiance, and transmittance

The results of LANDSAT and Skylab research programs on the effects of the atmosphere on computer mapping of terrain include: (1) the concept of a ground truth map needs to be drastically revised; (2) the concept of training areas and test areas is not as simple as generally thought because of the problem of pixels that represent a mixture of terrain classes; (3) this mixture problem needs to be more widely recognized and dealt with by techniques of calculating spectral signatures of mixed classes, or by other methods; (4) atmospheric effects should be considered in computer mapping of terrain and in monitoring changes; and (5) terrain features may be used as calibration panels on the ground, from which atmospheric conditions can be determined and monitored. Results are presented of a test area in mountainous terrain of south-central Colorado for which an initial classification was made using simulated mixture-class spectral signatures and actual LANDSAT-1-MSS data.
The relation between audition and vision in the human newborn.

: Four studies were conducted to investigate the relation between audition and vision in the human newborn. In all four studies visual activity was recorded with infrared corneal-reflection technqiues in 1- to 4-day-old infants. Study 1 concerned the effects of sound at midline on scanning in darkness and in a lit but formless field. In the dark compared to light, newborns maintained better eye control, centralized fixations, scanned with smaller eye movements, scanned less dispersely, and were wider-eyed. In a blank field, sound caused newborns to maintain better eye control, centralize fixations, scan with small eye movements, constrain fixations, and be wider-eyed than in silence. Sound had little effect on scanning in the dark beyond constraining fixations. Study 2 concerned the effects of sound at midline on scanning vertical and horizontal edges. Visual activity was different for the two visual stimuli. While viewing a vertical rather than a horizontal edge, newborns maintained better eye control and fixated closer to the position of the vertical edge. Newborns crossed the position of the horizontal edge when that edge was present. Sound affected scanning in general, centralizing fixations for newborns not already looking centrally, but sound did not affect the frequency of edge crossing. Study 3 concerned the effects of laterally presented sound on scanning spatially consonant or dissonant vertical bars. The major finding was that infants were sensitive to the spatial property of sound. Infants shifted fixations first toward and then gradually away from sound. Study 4 was an attempt to determine whether there is an effort constraint on the simultaneous functioning of auditory and visual systems. The effects of two differentially salient sounds on scanning two differentially salient visual stimuli were examined. Although the results appeared to support the idea of an effort constraint, the data were accounted for parsimoniously in terms of the spatial influence of sound of scanning. The data on visual activity were discussed in terms of the presence of inherent information-acquisition routines in the newborn. It was concluded that sound influences visual epistemic behavior even at birth.
Feedback versus motor programming in the control of aimed movements

In the Fitts paradigm the subject moves a stylus to the left or right of an initial rest position to reach targets that vary in size and in distance from the initial position. The classic finding for relatively long movements is that movement time, measured from leaving the initial position until contact with the target, depends on both distance and target size according to a relationship known as "Fitts' law. " By contrast, reaction time, measured from the signal to move until the stylus leaves the initial position, is independent of these parameters. While replicating these results for long movements, the present data show a different pattern for very short movements, for which Fitts' law no longer holds and for which reaction time increases as the size of the target is decreased. These findings were interpreted as implying that long movements are under feedback control, whereas short movements are predominately programmed and ballistic. This conclusion was supported by the additional finding that elimination of visual feedback was more disruptive to the long than to the short movements. Language: en
STUDIES ON THE FISH COMMUNITY IN THE ZOSTERA AREA-III

The Zostera growing area seems to be a suitable field for marine fish-community studies, since it is semi-closed especially for small sized fish which can be easily collected. In the Zostera area of Matsushima Bay, Miyagi Prefecture, it was revealed by the seine collections repeatedly made during the warm seasons of 1959 that the young of Japanese sting-fish, Sebastes inermis, “Mebaru”, is a dominant species inhabited. A fish group was confined within the fish frequently occurred with the dominant species and named as the “Mebaru” community, which is to be regarded as a trunk in the structure of fish production system in the Zostera area. Each fish belonging to the “Mebaru” community shifts slightly its composition of food item, sharing subtly the food substances produced in the Zostera area as shown in Fig 2. This type of food segregation suggests that each fish lives competing with each other for foods, resulting in a selective feeding. Ecological order for feeding among predators would be measured in terms of the order in the ecological niche of their preys. At present, an ecological order among fish constituting the “Mebaru” community was presented as to be in the following series ;—Pseudoblennius cottoides > Hexagrammos otakii > Sebastes inermis > Enedrias nebulosus > Chaenogobius murorana > Aboma lactipes > Fugu niphobles > Tridentiger trigonocephalus > Acanthogobius flavimanus. The dominant species, Sebastes inermis, living in the Zostera area seems to be limited its feeding activity by Pseudoblennius cottoides and Hexagrammos otakii and also seems to suffer from diminutions of food supply reduced by Enedrias nebulosus and Chaenogobius murorana.
A vegetative plant growth model : adaptive significance of phenotypic plasticity in matter partitioning

A model of vegetative plant growth was constructed upon three assumptions derived from a sand-culture experiment with Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. : (1) the partitioning of dry matter and nitrogen between organs is controlled by the nitrogen concentration of the whole plant; (2) specific leaf weight (SLW) is controlled by leaf nitrogen concentration; and (3) net assimilation rate is a function of nitrogen concentration per unit leaf area. Model simulations gave the relative growth rates under steady-state exponential growth for different nitrogen uptake rates per unit root weight. The significance of phenotypic plasticity in matter partitioning and SLW is discussed, comparing the growth of plants which modify their partitioning and SLW with those less plastic in these respects. Plants with plasticity in both matter partitioning and SLW always attained the higher growth rate under varying availabilities of nitrogen in the environment. Plasticity also contributed to the efficient use of nitrogen in plant growth. Key-words: Model, growth, plasticity, partitioning, specific leaf weight, dry matter, nitrogen, relative growth rate, nitrogen productivity
Upper mantle structure of the western United States

Body wave observations from nuclear events at the Nevada Test Site and several earthquakes in the western United States have been used to construct models of the P wave structure for the upper mantle. The Cagniard-deHoop technique for computing synthetic seismograms for laterally homogeneous earth models was used to fit both the amplitudes and the travel times of the observations. Below a depth of 300 km one model fits all the observations remarkably well. This model has sharp discontinuities at 430 and 650 km and a discontinuity in slope at about 550 km. Above 350 km the observations can be divided into two groups according to the location of the point of deepest penetration of the rays. The difference between the areas is due primarily to the size of the low-velocity zone and the magnitude of the velocity immediately below the low-velocity zone.
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS BÁSICAS DA SAÚDE DEPARTAMENTO DE MICROBIOLOGIA, IMUNOLOGIA E PARASITOLOGIA

Water resources like rivers, lakes and groundwater represent a small portion of the fresh water available for human consumption and because it is in direct contact with man they are been polluted all along. Water can be considered as a vector for diseases caused by microorganisms, making it a risk to the welfare of the population. Rio dos Sinos is important river for Rio Grande do Sul, it crosses many cities and along its course receives all kinds of wastewater. Resistance to antimicrobials is a natural event of selective pressure in the environment, so the microbial population must adapt to survive in environments with high concentrations of many different chemical compounds. The objective of this work was to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Gramnegative bacteria isolated from Rio dos Sinos water, looking to identify and characterize the population according to their resistance profile to the antimicrobials used in the assay. Therefore, 48 bacteria isolated from Rio dos Sinos, at collection point in Esteio, were tested using 12 antibiotics of nine different classes. The results showed a profile of 75% of isolates resistant to at least one antimicrobial. The antibiotic with the highest rate of resistance was cephalothin (60.42%), and the most efficient were imipenem and ceftriaxone with 100% sensitivity. Approximately 34% of the isolates could be considered multiresistant of which 14% were resistant to two classes of antimicrobials, 8% at 3 and 4 classes, and 2% were resistant to 5 and 6 classes of antimicrobials. Although the river is very polluted, the values found were not as high as expected.
Sonic-boom-induced building structure responses including damage.

Concepts of sonic‐boom pressure loading of building structures and the associated responses are reviewed, and results of pertinent theoretical and experimental research programs are summarized. The significance of sonic‐boom load time histories, including waveshape effects, are illustrated with the aid of simple structural elements such as beams and plates. Also included are discussions of the significance of such other phenomena as three‐dimensional loading effects, air cavity coupling, multimodal responses, and structural nonlinearities. Measured deflection, acceleration, and strain data from laboratory models and full‐scale building tests are summarized, and these data are compared, where possible, with predicted values. Damage complaint and claim experience due both to controlled and uncontrolled supersonic flights over communities are summarized with particular reference to residential, commercial, and historic buildings. Sonic‐boom induced building responses are compared with those from other impuls.
Phenotypic Reversion in Some Early Blocked Sporulation Mutants of Bacillus subtilis: Isolation and Phenotype Identification of Partial Revertants

Single-step mutants of Bacillus subtilis blocked at stage zero of sporulation (spoO mutants) are pleiotropic. They are impaired in several traits, including increased sensitivity to polymyxin B, when compared to the wild type. Revertants for one or another of the traits associated in this pleiotropy have been isolated and classified according to their phenotypes. Attention was centered on partial revertants (spoO still), of which at least three classes could be recognized. Class I partial revertants recovered a high level of resistance to polymyxin and, in a constant order, a variable number of the other traits; some kind of hierarchy is thus revealed to exist among the traits affected in the original pleiotropy. Partial revertants in the other two classes are still hypersensitive to polymyxin. In class II revertants, ability to excrete exoenzymes and antibiotic(s) is recovered to various extents. Only inducibility of nitrate reductase by nitrate is recovered in class III mutants. The possible significance of these observations is discussed.
Reproductive failure in Baltic Sea trout (Salmo trutta) compared with the M74 syndrome in Baltic salmon (Salmo salar) syndrome

The results from an investigation performed at the Ar Laboratory, Gotland, Sweden during the period 1994-1998 revealed no reproduction disturbances in brown trout similar to those found in Atlantic salmon from the Baltic sea. Female-specific mortality of yolk-sac fry never exceeded 1 1%. The mean total thiamine concentration in yolk-sac fry (5.5 ? 1.4 nmol g-1; n = 20) well exceeds the threshold limit interval reported from Baltic salmon fry affected by M74 (0.31-0.34 nmol g-1). Analyses of astaxanthin in eyed eggs showed levels above values reported from Baltic salmon eggs that later developed into fry with M74. However, the levels are lower than the values reported from the salmon population of Lake Vanern and from the rivers Lagan and Gotaalv on the Swedish west coast. Total carotenoid levels (mg carotenoid kg-1) in eggs from Gotland spawners decreased significantly with female size. Baltic sea trout from the Swedish river Ava have experienced high yolk-sac fry mortality rates with the peak mortality in 1992 (35 ? 20%). In addition, reproduction disturbances in sea trout are reported from 3 Swedish rivers along the Baltic coast (Dalalven, Indalsalven, and Umealven). Differences in life histories of sea trout and salmon from the Baltic Sea are discussed in relation to the lower incidence of mortality in yolk-sac fry of Baltic sea trout.
An in vitro Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Curcuma longa against Selected Pathogenic Microorganisms

The use of plants in healing of dermatophytes, burns along with infectious diseases is frequent in conventional medicine. The expansion of new antimicrobial agents against defiant pathogens is of escalating interest. Curcuma longa (turmeric) is a diminutive rhizomatous perennial herb of Zingiberaceae (Ginger family) originates from south eastern Asia, mainly from India. It has an elongated history of therapeutic uses as it is credited with a diversity of imperative beneficial properties. Therefore, the methanolic extract of Curcuma longa used locally in folk medicine was evaluated for antibacterial activity against different bacteria i.e. Shigella flexneri, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter aerogenes, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, Trichophyton rubrum by disc diffusion method. When screening for antimicrobial activity, the results were expressed in terms of the diameter of the inhibition zone: The maximum efficacy of methanolic extract was showed against Shigella flexneri and Candida albicans.