Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome

Glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome is a rare neurometabolic disorder caused by mutations of the solute carrier family 2 facilitated glucose transporter member 1 (SLC2A1) gene, characterized by complex manifestations including early onset epilepsy, motor and mental retardation, and movement disorders and so on. Ketogenic-diet is most suitable therapy and should be commenced as early as possible because timing the initiation of the diet may prevent seizure, movement disorder, and cognitive impairment. This review aims to improve the clinicians′ understanding of glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome to ensure the diagnosis as early as possible. Key words: Glut 1 deficiency syndrome; Glucose transporter type 1; Brain diseases, metabolic; Diet therapy
Effects of Fe Deficiency on Organic Acid Metabolism in Pisum sativum

Iron deficiency induces several responses to iron shortage in plants. Metabolic changes occur to sustain the increased iron uptake capacity of Fe-deficient plants. The aim of this work was to investigate the impact of Fe deficiency on the organic acid metabolism in Pisum sativum roots. For this purpose, seedlings of Pisum sativum (cv. Douce) were grown under controlled conditions, in the presence of iron sufficient (C) or deficient (D) mediums. Our results showed that PEPC activity increased by 290% in root extracts of Fe deficient plants, compared to the control. Citrate concentration increased in Fe deficient Pisum roots (114% of the control). As well, MDH, CS and ICDH activities showed a marked increase in roots subjected to D treatment. However, the extent of stimulation was especially important for MDH and ICDH activities (99% and 150% of the control, respectively). These data suggest that the capacity of Douce cultivar to increase organic acid metabolism enzyme activities under iron deficiency is related to its better Fe-use efficiency, which indicate the tolerance level of this cultivar to iron chlorosis.
Antimicrobial activity of some traditional medicinal plants.

The antimicrobial activity of the extracts of Andrographis paniculata Nees; Phyllanthus niruri Linn. ; Terminalia bellerica Roxb. ; Terminalia chebula Retz. ; and Vitex negundo Linn. , was studied against four gram negative and one gram positive bacteria. The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of P. niruri leaf extract was 50 µg/ml against Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus, where as, the MICs of T. bellerica fruit extract against Escherichia coli and S. aureus were 50 and 200 µg/ml respectively. However, the leaf extracts of the Andrographis paniculata, T. chebula and V. negundo have not shown any antimicrobial activity in the tested concentrations.
Efficacy of Cow Urine against Bacterial Disease, European Foulbrood, in Honey Bee, Apis mellifera (L.) Colonies at Different Locations of Uttrakhand-An Eco- Friendly and Novel Approach

The effectiveness and feasibility of using an eco-friendly, non-chemical, animal originated product, cow urine have been explored for the first time in preventing and management of infections of European Foulbrood (EFB) disease, in the colonies of honeybee, Apis mellifera at various locations of Uttarakhand in the year 2008-2009. The pure cow urine collected from desi cow (used as a spray at 25-100%) and terramycin (125 mg/lt/colony) as food and spray, respectively, have been applied separately on the naturally infected honeybee combs twice at weekly interval. It has been observed that the cow urine spray reduced the disease infection to below detectable limit in 10 and 12 days, respectively, as against terramycin treated infected colonies where only 40-45% recovery in EFB infection was observed. Cow urine treated infected combs not only showed rapid and cent- percent recovery in disease infection but also promotion of growth of brood . The worker bees worked efficiently and cleaned the infected brood area and other bees in the colonies. The present studies revealed that the cow urine can serve as a potential eco- friendly measure for management of EFB in honeybee colonies at different locations of Uttarakhand.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF LEVELS OF SERUM PROTEINS AND THEIR TRENDS AS PROGNOSTIC INDICATORS OF BURN MORTALITY

Introduction: In severe burns, there is a profound systemic response that persists till the wounds heal. Since these physiological and metabolic derangements are dynamic over the clinical course of burns, it is expected that both trend of change and absolute values of the proteins, to have a bearing on the prognosis and the ultimate outcome. Hence, this study evaluates the prognostic value of this metabolic variable in burn patients. Materials and Methods: The study conducted on 100 adult patients of thermal burn (20% and 60% total body surface area). Serum albumin, globulin and total proteins were estimated on alternate days starting from day of admission till discharge or death. The 1st-day value and the trend of serial values throughout the clinical course were compared among expired and survivors. Results: Mean serum values of albumin, globulin, and total protein on first-day of burns in survivor group were higher. Serum albumin levels of ≤2.1 g/dl at day one was a poor prognostic factor. The trend in the serum values of albumin, globulin and total protein in survivor group was significantly positive and was negative in expired. Among the biochemical markers evaluated, most significant prognostic parameter was serum albumin, with maximum sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion: The cutoff values of proteins and trend of subsequent serial values can guide metabolic manipulations, albumin infusion, and dietary intake. In addition, these biochemical parameters merit inclusion in burn prognostic index scales. Keywords: Albumin, burns, prognosis, total protein, trends
EVALUATION OF THE AFLATOXIN B1 ADSORPTION CAPACITY OF BENTONITE USING AN IN VITRO METHOD MIMICKING MONOGASTRIC GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT CONDITIONS

Aflatoxins are considered as unavoidable contaminants of food and animal feeds, since their production cannot be prevented successfully using current agricultural practices. The use of aflatoxin adsorbents as feed supplements is one of the most promising approaches to reduce aflatoxicoses in animals. Since there are numerous adsorbents marketed, an effective and practical method for the rapid evaluation of adsorption capacity of individual products is needed. In this study, we used an in vitro model designed to mimic the temperature, pH and the time of passage through the stomach and the intestinal tract of a monogastric animal, for the evaluation of aflatoxin B1 adsorption capacity of different mineral clays. The results indicate that 6 out of the 7 tested products had a high binding capacity (ranging from 98.97-100%), under the experimental conditions used. The data also demonstrate that the method allows us to differentiate those compounds with high binding capacity from those with a lesser binding capacity. Such an in vitro method seems useful for the rapid screening of different substances and for the pre-selection of adsorbent products that may be used as feed supplements.
Existence Of Sole Proprietorship In Business Activities In Indonesia

Company law in Indonesia does not yet regulate individual business entities. The absence of regulation of individual business entities means allowing the existence of such business entities in a state of no legal certainty. Lack of legal certainty on the existence of individual business entities has the potential to harm business actors and the user community. The form of individual business/sole proprietorship is chosen by many business actors in carrying out their business activities, however it is not realized the advantages and disadvantages of choosing the form of individual business.
ACTH Treatment for Management of Nephrotic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Reappraisal

Background In recent years, the use of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) therapy for treatment of proteinuria due to nephrotic syndrome (NS) has been heavily explored. ACTH therapy, which comes in the natural (H. P. Acthar Gel) or synthetic (tetracosactide) form, has resulted in remission in patients with immunosuppressive and steroid-resistant NS. However, the exact efficacy of ACTH therapy in the NS etiologies, such as membranous nephropathy (MN), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), minimal change disease (MCD), lupus nephritis (LN), IgA nephropathy (IgAN), and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN), has not been determined. Objective This systematic review analyzed the published literature on ACTH therapy in various NS etiologies to determine its efficacy. Methods A comprehensive search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases was conducted for articles through June 2019. An additional search was performed on clinicaltrials.gov to search for additional trials and cross reference the results of our database search. The literature which studied synthetic or natural ACTH treatment in patients with known etiologies of NS was included. Studies were excluded when they consisted of a single case report or did not analyze the lone effect of ACTH in NS. Results The initial search yielded a total of 411 papers, and 22 papers were included. In 214 MN patients, there was an overall remission of 40% (85/214) and an overall remission of 43% (42/98) in FSGS patients. In other etiologies, there were overall remissions of 78% (11/14), 31% (5/16), 40% (16/40), and 62% (8/13) in MCD, LN, IgAN, and MPGN patients, respectively. Conclusion ACTH showed benefits in proteinuria reduction across all etiologies of NS. However, more randomized controlled studies with larger population sets and longer follow-ups are imperative to establish causal benefits. New studies into its efficacy in children are also necessary.
Long-term outcomes of sutureless and rapid-deployment aortic valve replacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background Sutureless and rapid-deployment aortic valve replacement (SURD-AVR) has become a prominent area of research as the medical community evaluate its place amongst other aortic valve interventions. The main advantages of SURD-AVR established to date are the reduced cross-clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) times, as well as facilitating minimally invasive surgery in high-risk surgical patients. This current systematic review and meta-analysis, to our knowledge, is the first focusing on long-term outcomes regarding safety, efficacy and durability of SURD-AVR from available current literature. Methods A literature search via six electronic databases was performed from their inception to November 2019. Inclusion criteria for this systematic review included survival and postoperative echocardiographic outcomes greater than five years in patients who underwent SURD-AVR with either Perceval or Intuity valves. Studies were identified and data extracted by two independent reviewers. Long-term survival outcomes were aggregated using digitized Kaplan-Meier curves where available. Results After applying predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, four studies were identified for review. All four studies were observational and in total reported data for 1,998 patients. Almost half (42.4%) of patients underwent SURD-AVR via full sternotomy, with almost one third (30.1%) also undergoing concomitant cardiac procedures. Aggregate overall survival rates at 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year follow-up were 94.9%, 91.2%, 89.0%, and 84.2%, respectively. Incidence of strokes (4.8%), severe paravalvular leaks (PVLs) (1.5%) and permanent pacemaker (PPM) insertion (8.2%) at up to 5-year follow-up were acceptable. At 5-year follow-up hemodynamic outcomes were also acceptable for mean pressure gradient (MPG) (range, 8.8-13.6 mmHg), peak pressure gradient (PPG) (range, 18.9-21.1 mmHg) and effective orifice area (EOA) (range, 1.5-1.8 cm2). Conclusions Evaluation of the evidence reporting long-term outcomes of SURD-AVR suggests that it is a safe procedure for AVR with low rates of complications. Long-term outcomes presented in this review show that not only does SURD-AVR have acceptable survival rates, but also good hemodynamic performance at 5-year follow-up.
Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) activity in relation to muscle fat content and DGAT1 genotype in two different breeds of Bos Taurus (short communication)

the obvious waste of resources when producing good marbled beef, research is needed to clarify mechanisms which are involved in intramuscular fat storage in cattle. The possible association between the activity of diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) and muscle fat content was examined in samples of longissimus dorsi (LD) and semitendinosus (ST) muscle from Holstein and Charolais bulls. The Holstein bulls exhibited higher fat content in both muscles and higher marbling score. In Holstein, DGAT activity was enhanced in the LD muscle, and there was a tentative positive relationship between DGAT activity and the fat content in ST muscle. When muscle DGAT activity was examined as a function of DGAT1 genotype for all animals, regardless of breed, the DGAT activity of LD muscle of the K/K genotype was about five-fold greater than for either the K/A or A/A genotypes. Further investigation on the relationship between DGAT1 genotype and i.m. fat is required before this may be developed as a selection tool for marbling.
Craseonycteris thonglongyai (Chiroptera: Craseonycteridae) is a Rhinolophoid: Molecular Evidence from Cytochrome b

Craseonycteris thonglongyai (Chiroptera: Craseonycteridae), an enigmatic taxon which shares morphological traits with both Rhinopomatidae and Emballonuridae was for the first time investigated with the aid of molecular phylogenetic techniques. Three methods of phylogenetic inference, parsimony, maximum-likelihood, and Bayesian phylogenetics were used. Based on 402 bp of DNA sequence from the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, placement of Craseonycteridae within the superfamily Rhinolophoidea was demonstrated. Our results also suggest close proximity of Craseonycteridae to Hipposideridae rather than to Rhinopomatidae, close relationships between Megadermatidae and Rhinolophidae, sister group position of Pteropodidae to Rhinolophoidea, and closer affiliation of Nycteridae with the infraorder Yangochiroptera. Spectral analysis was in agreement with all these outcomes except for closer relationships of Craseonycteris with Rhinopomatidae.
Recent Advances in Heteroatom Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C3N4) and g-C3N4/Metal Oxide Composite Photocatalysts

Industrial wastewater contains abundant organic dyes, antibiotics, pesticides, chemical fertilizers or heavy metal ions, which seriously deteriorate the ecological environment. Among the practical techniques for reducing water pollution, photocatalysis is a kind of sustainable solar energy conversion technique for removing organic contaminants. In this review, the advances in the preparation, modification, and doping of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), including non-metal doping, metal doping, dual- or tri-doping, are introduced firstly. Then, we systematically reviewed the recent progress of g-C3N4/metal oxide composite photocatalysts, including a g-C3N4/n-type metal oxide, such as TiO2, ZnO, SnO2, WO3, FexOy, CeO2, V2O5, MoO3, MnO2, Nb2O5, In2O3, and a g-C3N4/p-type metal oxide, such as Co3O4, Bi2O3, NiO and Cu2O. At last, we summarized the design principles for preparing heteroatom doped g-C3N4 and g-C3N4/metal oxide composites, and forecast the promising research directions. The main objective is to provide a guideline for designing highperformance heteroatom doped g-C3N4 and g-C3N4/metal oxide photocatalysts.
MICROARRAY ANALYSIS OF DIURNAL‐ AND CIRCADIAN‐REGULATED GENES IN THE FLORIDA RED‐TIDE DINOFLAGELLATE KARENIA BREVIS (DINOPHYCEAE) 1

The photoperiod plays a central role in regulating the physiology and behavior of photosynthetic phytoplankton, and many of these processes are controlled by an underlying circadian rhythm. In dinoflagellates, circadian rhythms have been shown to depend largely on posttranscriptional regulation. However, the extent to which dinoflagellates modulate transcript levels to regulate gene expression in response to light and dark has not been addressed. Here we utilized an oligonucleotide microarray containing probes to 4629 unique genes from the Florida red‐tide dinoflagellate Karenia brevis (C. C. Davis) G. Hansen et Moestrup to characterize global gene expression patterns over a 24 h day in cells exposed to a 16:8 light:dark cycle (LD treatment) and cells under constant light (LL treatment). We determined that 9.8% of the queried genes were differentially expressed during LD, while 3% of genes were differentially expressed over the 24 h day when exposed to LL. Most genes exhibited either peak or minimum expression in early dark phase. Of the 453 differentially expressed genes in LD, 104 were assigned predicted annotations based on BLASTX searches. Few of the identifiable genes that were differentially expressed in LD appear to be under circadian control, as their cyclical expression did not persist in LL. Analysis of coordinately expressed genes revealed several novel insights into dinoflagellate gene expression, including an unusually high representation of genes involved in post‐transcriptional processing of RNA and protein turnover, the regulation of PSII genes in response to light and dark, and the absence of transcriptional regulation of cell‐cycle genes.
Modes of functional biodiversity control on tree productivity across the European continent

Aim : the relative contribution of community functional diversity and composition to ecosystem functioning is a critical question in ecology in order to enable better predictions of how ecosystems may respond to a changing climate. However, there is little consensus about which modes of functional biodiversity are most important for tree growth at large spatial scales. Here we assessed the relative importance of climate, functional diversity and functional identity (i.e. the community mean values of four key functional traits) for tree growth across the European continent, spanning the northern boreal to the southern Mediterranean forests. - Location: Finland, Germany, Sweden, Spain and Wallonia (Belgium). - Methods: using data from five European national forest inventories we applied a hierarchical linear model to estimate the sensitivity of tree growth to changes in climate, functional diversity and functional identity along a latitudinal gradient. - Results: functional diversity was weakly related to tree growth in the temperate and boreal regions and more strongly in the Mediterranean region. In the temperate region, where climate was the most important predictor, functional diversity and identity had a similar importance for tree growth. Functional identity was strongest at the latitudinal extremes of the continent, largely driven by strong changes in the importance of maximum height along the latitudinal gradient. - Main conclusions: functional diversity is an important driver of tree growth in the Mediterranean region, providing evidence that niche complementarity may be more important for tree growth in water-limited forests. The strong influence of functional identity at the latitudinal extremes indicates the importance of a particular trait composition for tree growth in harsh climates. Furthermore, we speculate that this functional identity signal may reflect a trait-based differentiation of successional stages rather than abiotic filtering due to water or energy limitation.
PERFORMANCE COMPARISONS OF Co-OCCURRING NATIVE AND ALIEN INVASIVE PLANTS: Implications for Conservation and Restoration

▪ Abstract In the search to identify factors that make some plant species troublesome invaders, many studies have compared various measures of native and alien invasive plant performance. These comparative studies provide insights into the more general question “Do alien invasive plants usually outperform co-occurring native species, and to what degree does the answer depend on growing conditions? ” Based on 79 independent native-invasive plant comparisons, the alien invaders were not statistically more likely to have higher growth rates, competitive ability, or fecundity. Rather, the relative performance of invaders and co-occurring natives often depended on growing conditions. In 94% of 55 comparisons involving more than one growing condition, the native's performance was equal or superior to that of the invader, at least for some key performance measures in some growing conditions. Most commonly, these conditions involved reduced resources (nutrients, light, water) and/or specific disturbance regimes. I.
The Statistical Prediction of Population Fluctuations

This review is a survey of the statistical techniques available to predict population fluctuations. The practical application of statistical prediction is relatively new, although the concepts and theory have existed for many years. Statistical forecasting is an important tool in economics, a field afflicted with many of the same practical problems as ecology, but it has been applied to ecological problems only within the past few years. Most current research is in a preliminary stage and the literature on ecological applications is still fairly meager. This review summarizes what little has been published and the philosophy and methods involved without dwelling on specific computations or techniques. The review begins by distinguishing forecasting as a form of prediction char acter­ ized by specific pragmatic problems. The theoretical basis for statistical prediction is followed by descriptions of different general categories of statistical predictors (models). The survey concludes with an analysis of the advantages and disadvan­ tages of statistical prediction
Recombinant high-density lipoprotein complex as a targeting system of nosiheptide to liver cells

Nosiheptide is a lipophilic peptide of significant anti-hepatitis B virus (anti-HBV) activity in cell culture, but has poor distribution to liver in vivo. In this study, recombinant high-density lipoprotein (rHDL) complexes of nosiheptide were constructed to target this anti-HBV agent to hepatocytes. The optimized rHDL–nosiheptide complex had a high drug-loading efficiency (>80%) and a diameter smaller than 30 nm. The concentration of nosiheptide in an optimized rHDL–nosiheptide complex to achieve 50% virus inhibition (IC50) in HepG2 2.2. 15 cells was 0.63 μg/ml, which was 40 times lower than the IC50 of nosiheptide in control liposome (2.5 μg/ml) and 200 times lower than the IC50 of the free nosiheptide (12.5 μg/ml). The complex targeted most of the administered nosiheptide to the liver within 30 min after i.v. injection to male Wistar rats. Together, this report provides early evidence that it is feasible to develop efficient, HDL-based drug delivery systems against HBV, utilizing apolipoprotein A-I as the targeting moiety.