Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variations in Crustal and Uppermost Mantle Structures Across Eastern Tibet and Adjacent Regions: Implications of Crustal Flow and Asthenospheric Upwelling Combined for Expansions of the Tibetan Plateau

We present new, high‐resolution constraints on crustal and uppermost mantle structure of the southeastern, eastern, and northeastern Tibetan plateau and adjacent regions by combining extensive data from three regional‐scale dense seismic arrays. Our results show significant differences in the crustal and uppermost mantle structure within the Songpan‐Ganzi terrane. The southern part has a thick crust and high Poisson's ratio, while the crustal thickness becomes less and Poisson's ratio is nearly normal in the northeast. Prominent low‐velocity anomalies appear beneath both the southern and northeastern Songpan‐Ganzi terrane at depths of 20–40 km, but they are not interconnected. Seismic velocities of the uppermost mantle are slow in the northeastern Songpan‐Ganzi terrane relative to the south. We further find that the crust of the central Qilian orogen is thickened but with remarkable low Poisson's ratio. Low velocities are visible in both the mid‐lower crust and uppermost mantle, similar to the northeastern Songpan‐Ganzi terrane. For comparison, the crustal low velocities are less pronounced beneath the central Qilian orogen. High Poisson's ratio and the mid‐lower crustal anomaly of the southern Songpan‐Ganzi terrane strongly indicate partial melting of the crust. Localized asthenospheric upwelling, however, can account for the coincident anomalies in both the mid‐lower crust and uppermost mantle beneath the northeastern Songpan‐Ganzi terrane and central Qilian orogen. We conclude that outward expansion of the Tibetan plateau has evolved by a combination of crustal flow on its southeastern margin and mantle upwelling likely induced by removal of thickened lithosphere on its easternmost and northeastern edges.
Scientific observation program around Kerguelen Island, a ship-of-opportunity for bird and mammal data collection

Fishing activities targeting Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) are conducted year round on the edge of the Kerguelen plateau. Since the early 2000s, scientific observers on board have been asked to collect data on both seabird and marine mammal abundances using standard protocols. Data collection is constrained in space (fishing activities occur only between 500 and 2 000 m depth) and time (effort declines in winter when quotas are caught and in February due to fishery closure) but represents the most important dataset of observations at sea in this area. Sixteen taxa of marine mammals and 37 taxa of birds were observed during the 2001–2017 period. This study provides the first insights on the spatio–temporal patterns of occurrence of some of these species. It also highlights the potential for data to be collected by fishing vessels targeting Patagonian toothfish used as ships of opportunity to investigate trends and distribution of seabirds and marine mammals in remote and difficult-to-access areas of the Southern Ocean. Programme d’observation scientifique autour des îles Kerguelen : plateforme d’opportunité pour la collecte de données sur les oiseaux et les mammifères
Nonlocal Transport and Implied Viscosity and Diffusivity throughout the Boundary Layer in LES of the Southern Ocean with Surface Waves

Observations from the Southern Ocean Flux Station provide a wide range of wind, buoyancy, and wave (Stokes) forcing for large-eddy simulation (LES) of deep Southern Ocean boundary layers. Almost everywhere there is a nonzero angle Ω between the shear and the stress vectors. Also, with unstable forcing there is usually a depth where there is stable stratification, but zero buoyancy flux and often a number of depths above where there is positive flux, but neutral stratification. These features allow nonlocal transports of buoyancy and of momentum to be diagnosed, using either the Eulerian or Lagrangian shear. The resulting profiles of nonlocal diffusivity and viscosity are quite similar when scaled according to Monin–Obukhov similarity theory in the surface layer, provided the Eulerian shear is used. Therefore, a composite shape function is constructed that may be generally applicable. In contrast, the deeper boundary layer appears to be too decoupled from the Stokes component of the Lagrangian shear. The nonlocal transports can be dominant. The diagnosed across-shear momentum flux is entirely nonlocal and is highly negatively correlated with the across-shear component of the wind stress, just as nonlocal and surface buoyancy fluxes are related. Furthermore, in the convective limit the scaling coefficients become essentially identical, with some consistency with atmospheric experience. The nonlocal contribution to the along-shear momentum flux is proportional to (1 − cosΩ) and is always countergradient, but is unrelated to the aligned wind stress component.
Methods for Improving Motion Planning Using Experience

ions for these large amounts of variation requires many trade-offs to be made that almost always lead to a sub-optimal solution for all robots. It is more difficult to create a hardware abstraction for a robot than a standard computer. When robotic software must interact with physical devices through an abstraction, it gives up specific knowledge of the hardware that then requires much greater reasoning and understanding of its configuration [148]. Operational requirements are another challenge in making reusable software for a wide range of robotic platforms. Some users require hard real-time constraints, while others can tolerate “fast enough” or “best effort” levels of performance. Variable amounts of available computational resources such as processing power or the “embeddedness” of the system also makes it difficult to design robot agnostic code that can run sufficiently on all robots. The amount of required error checking and fault tolerance varies by application area, for example, there are significant differences between a university research robot and a space exploration rover or a surgical robot. In making robotic agnostic software, many time-saving shortcuts employed for single-robot software must be avoided. This includes hard coding domain-specific values for “tweaking” performance and using short-cutting heuristics applicable to only one hardware configuration. Instead, reasonable default values or automatically optimized parameters must be provided as discussed later. On top of these challenges, packaging reusable software into an easy to setup experience for end users requires creating tools that automate the configuration of the software. 3.2 Motion Planning Frameworks The software development of a motion planning framework (MPF) is challenging and involves combining many disparate fields of robotics and software engineering [129]. We refer to the software as a framework in this context because it abstracts the various components of motion planning into generic interfaces as discussed later. One of the most important features of a MPF is providing the structures and classes to share common data between the different components. These basic data structures include a model of
Formal Methods and its Importance in Minimizing Ambiguity in the Requirement Engineering Document Phase of SDLC

The Requirements are the foundation for delivering quality software. And in today's business era different business organization needs commercial software and the software need to be delivered on time and within budget. And thus we need a complete, concise and accurate requirement engineering document. But most of the software which is delivered have errors, bugs and lack of functionality. And the reason for this is that the RE document is always written in natural language which is prone to ambiguities. And thus we need a mathematical method or a scientific method for writing RE documents. The formal methods in the past few years emerged as a most important or central issues in software engineering. And the precise specification, modeling and verification is identified in most of the engineering disciplines. And the formal methods provide us a tool to precisely describe a system correctly. The formal methods are a particular kind of mathematical techniques meant for specification, development and verification of software and hardware system. The primary reason of using mathematical formalism in RE text is the quality of the requirements and possibility of automation of some of the processes. In this paper we compare the different types of formal methods by analyzing there merits and demerits in the background of the different parameters like concurrency control, object oriented concepts and requirement engineering perspective.
Diamond Shaped Micro-strip Fractal Antenna for Ultra Wideband

A Diamond Shaped Micro-Strip Patch Antenna (DS-MPA) is designed with fractal patterns on the patch presented in this paper. The proposed antenna is designed to meet Long term evolution network (LTE), point to multi-point and all ultra wide band applications. The chosen dielectric material for this approach is FR-4 glass-reinforced epoxy laminate material with a temperature index of 140 °C (284 °F) and dielectric constant εr of 4.4. The DS-MPA experiences the Return Loss (RL) of -23.01dB and the Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) of 1.64 for the entire operating frequency range. The antenna is designed and simulated using HFSS and obtained good output response. It resonates at quad frequency ranges of 3.8, 5.6,8.2 GHz, which makes it suitable for 5G applications.
RICE GRAIN YIELD ESTIMATION OVER SOME ASIAN COUNTRIES USING ISRO’S SCATSAT-1 KU-BAND SCATTEROMETER DATA

Abstract. Rice crop monitoring and yield prediction at country-scale can be effectively done using high-repeat active microwave remote sensors due to its all-weather observation capability of land surface. The Ku-band with a frequency of 13.515 GHz has the ability to interact with the surface layer and hence is useful for providing information on top portion of canopy and hence the grain and awns of rice crop. Also it has the capability to generate information over the whole region of South Asia in one day. Hence the present study was carried out to explore the super resolved Ku band back scattering coefficient from space borne scatterometer (SCATSAT-1) for rice productivity assessment over six Asian countries (India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Sri Lanka). The super resolved sigma-0 in both polarization (H and V) for the kharif rice season of 2017 (May to Mid-Nov) was used for this study. The temporal backscatter was used to generate rice planting date using polynomial fitting. Multiple regression models were developed using the daily SH/SV ratio and the farm-level fresh paddy yield collected through the Crop Cutting Experiment (CCE). The validation of the model was done for India at state level. For other countries national average reported yield was compared with the estimated yield. The rice planting date was found to vary from first week of June to last week of August in different parts of the six countries. Country average yield was found to vary from 3.45 t ha−1 in Sri Lanka to 4.32 t ha−1 in Myanmar. The absolute difference was lowest in India (8 %) followed by Sri Lanka (−11 %) and maximum in Nepal (35 %). In Indian states, the validation results showed a correlation coefficient of 0.95 at state level with a RMSE of 0.28 t ha−1 (11.4 % of mean reported yield). This study showed the possibility of using high frequency and high resolution Ku-band back scattering coefficient for rice grain yield estimation at continental scale such as Asia. The yield estimation can be further improved with the use of country-wise crop cutting data for model development and validation.
Optimal position control of a mobile manipulator for minimum energy

This work presents the position control with energy optimization for a mobile manipulator and the proposal is based on the Pontryagin's Minimum Principle. The objective function is subject to the kinematic model of the robot with the non-holonomic motion constraint of the mobile platform and the boundary conditions as the desired parameters of the controller. The obtained differential equations are solved using the Shooting method to find the optimal co-states. The simulation performed shows that the position errors tend to zero and the control actions are optimized. Furthermore, these results are evaluated with respect to a control law based on the inverse kinematics of the robot. Finding that the minimum energy objective function is affected by the final time.
Different response of surface temperature and air temperature to deforestation in climate models

Abstract. When quantifying temperature changes induced by deforestation (e.g., cooling in high latitudes, warming in low latitudes), satellite data, in situ observations, and climate models differ concerning the height at which the temperature is typically measured/simulated. In this study the effects of deforestation on surface temperature, near-surface air temperature, and lower atmospheric temperature are compared by analyzing the biogeophysical temperature effects of large-scale deforestation in the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM) separately for local effects (which are only apparent at the location of deforestation) and nonlocal effects (which are also apparent elsewhere). While the nonlocal effects (cooling in most regions) influence the temperature of the surface and lowest atmospheric layer equally, the local effects (warming in the tropics but a cooling in the higher latitudes) mainly affect the temperature of the surface. In agreement with observation-based studies, the local effects on surface and near-surface air temperature respond differently in the MPI-ESM, both concerning the magnitude of local temperature changes and the latitude at which the local deforestation effects turn from a cooling to a warming (at 45–55∘ N for surface temperature and around 35∘ N for near-surface air temperature). Subsequently, our single-model results are compared to model data from multiple climate models from the Climate Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). This inter-model comparison shows that in the northern midlatitudes, both concerning the summer warming and winter cooling, near-surface air temperature is affected by the local effects only about half as strongly as surface temperature. This study shows that the choice of temperature variable has a considerable effect on the observed and simulated temperature change. Studies about the biogeophysical effects of deforestation must carefully choose which temperature to consider.
Spatially resolved spectroscopy of the debris disk HD 32297

Context. Spectro-photometry of debris disks in total intensity and polarimetry can provide new insight into the properties of the dust grains therein (size distribution and optical properties). Aims. We aim to constrain the morphology of the highly inclined debris disk HD 32297. We also intend to obtain spectroscopic and polarimetric measurements to retrieve information on the particle size distribution within the disk for certain grain compositions. Methods. We observed HD 32297 with SPHERE in Y, J, and H bands in total intensity and in J band in polarimetry. The observations are compared to synthetic models of debris disks and we developed methods to extract the photometry in total intensity overcoming the data-reduction artifacts, namely the self-subtraction. The spectro-photometric measurements averaged along the disk mid-plane are then compared to model spectra of various grain compositions. Results. These new images reveal the very inner part of the system as close as 0.15″. The disk image is mostly dominated by the forward scattering making one side (half-ellipse) of the disk more visible, but observations in total intensity are deep enough to also detect the back side for the very first time. The images as well as the surface brightness profiles of the disk rule out the presence of a gap as previously proposed. We do not detect any significant asymmetry between the northeast and southwest sides of the disk. The spectral reflectance features a “gray to blue” color which is interpreted as the presence of grains far below the blowout size. Conclusions. The presence of sub-micron grains in the disk is suspected to be the result of gas drag and/or “avalanche mechanisms”. The blue color of the disk could be further investigated with additional total intensity and polarimetric observations in K and H bands respectively to confirm the spectral slope and the fraction of polarization.
Nonlinear algebra via tensegrity structures

In this paper, we discuss tensegrity from the perspective of nonlinear algebra in a manner accessible to undergraduates. We compute explicit examples and include the SAGE and Julia code so that readers can continue their own experiments and computations. The entire framework is a natural extension of linear equations of equilibrium, but to describe the space of solutions will require (nonlinear) polynomials. In our examples, minors of a structured matrix determine the singular locus of the algebraic variety of interest. At these singular points, more interesting phenomena can occur, which we investigate in the context of the tensegrity 3-prism, our running example. Tools from algebraic geometry, commutative algebra, semidefinite programming, and numerical algebraic geometry will be used. Although at first it is all linear algebra, the examples will motivate the study of systems of polynomial equations. In particular, we will see the importance of varieties cut out by determinants of matrices.
On the Clifford Algebraic Description of the Geometry of a 3D Euclidean Space

We discuss how transformations in a three dimensional euclidean space can be described in terms of the Clifford algebra $\mathcal{C}\ell_{3,3}$ of the quadratic space $\mathbb{R}^{3,3}$. We show that this algebra describes in a unified way the operations of reflection, rotations (circular and hyperbolic), translation, shear and non-uniform scale. Moreover, using the concept of Hodge duality, we define an operation called cotranslation, and show that the operation of perspective projection can be written in this Clifford algebra as a composition of the translation and cotranslation operations. We also show that the operation of pseudo-perspective can be implemented using the cotranslation operation. An important point is that the expression for the operations of reflection and rotation in $\mathcal{C}\ell_{3,3}$ preserve the subspaces that can be associated with the algebras $\mathcal{C}\ell_{3,0}$ and $\mathcal{C}\ell_{0,3}$, so that reflection and rotation can be expressed in terms of $\mathcal{C}\ell_{3,0}$ or $\mathcal{C}\ell_{0,3}$, as well-known. However, all other operations mix those subspaces in such a way that they need to be expressed in terms of the full Clifford algebra $\mathcal{C}\ell_{3,3}$. An essential aspect of our formulation is the representation of points in terms of objects called paravectors. Paravectors have been used previously to represents points in terms of an algebra closely related to the Clifford algebra $\mathcal{C}\ell_{3,3}$. We compare these different approaches.
Potential of Helianthus annuus for phytoremediation of lead, zinc, total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminated soil

This paper describes the results regarding effectiveness of treatment of soils contaminated with heavy metals (lead, zinc), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): naphthalene (Nap), phenanthrene (Phe), fluoranthene (Flt), chrysene(Chr), in the process of phytoremediation carried out a laboratory scale with the plant Helianthus annuus. The reason behind the work was to investigate how plant vegetation can reduce the concentration of heavy metals in the soil and how the presence of petroleum substances and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons affect the efficiency of their removal. The analysis was based on the dynamics of cleaning the contaminated soils which contained periodic testing on physical, chemical and toxicological properties of: uncontaminated soil, soil contaminated with TPH and PAHs, soil contaminated with heavy metals, soil contaminated with heavy metals and petroleum substances. Phytoremediation of soils and its effectiveness in pot experiments was assessed based on physical and chemical soil analyses as well as five microbiotests applying organisms belonging to three trophic levels: producers (Phytotoxkit and Spirodela Duckweed Toxkit), consumers (Ostracodtoxkit) and decomposers (Microtox STP, MARA). The conducted research has shown that combining the results of chemical analyzes and biological tests on contaminated soils enable a real ecotoxicological assessment of environmental hazards. Six-month long phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals (Pb, Zn), and heavy metals together with petroleum substances (TPH, PAHs), yielded results in terms of a content reduction of: lead (from of 472–495 mg/ kg dry mass of soil to 226–318 mg/kg d.m.), zinc (from 998–1030 mg/kg d.m. to 520–656 mg/kg d.m.), TPH (from 4806-4824 mg/kg d.m. to 2774–3180 mg/kg d.m.) and PAH (removal rates of Nap: at 28,0–29.9%, Phe: at 25.1–27.0%, Flt: at 24–26,3%, Chr: at 14.5–18.6%). After finishing the experiment the content of lead and zinc in the plant biomass was also measured. Based on the obtained results, conclusions were made regarding issues related to usage of phytoremediation to clean contaminated soils depending on the concentration and type of toxic substance.
Recuperación de las interacciones entre el haya (Fagus sylvatica) y los hongos ectomicorrícicos 140 años después del fin de la actividad minera

Rodriguez-Una, A. , Hidalgo-Castaneda, J., Salcedo, I. , Moreno-Mateos, D. 2019. Interaction recovery between European beech ( Fagus sylvatica ) and ectomycorhizal fungi 140 years after the end of mining. Ecosistemas 28(2): 61-68 . Doi. : 10.7818/ECOS.1790 Even the increasing use of restoration, it does not always imply a short-term answer in ecosystems that guarantees the recovery of their structure, functions, and services. So far, most studies evaluating ecosystem recovery have used metrics that ignore the complexity needed to structure communities of organisms that form ecosystems. Here, we analyze the recovery of species interactions (metric with a certain level of complexity) in a large time scale (>100 years). In particular, we characterized, using molecular identification, the ectomicorrhyzal (EcM) fungal communities present in 18 beech trees inside and seven outside an ancient iron in Navarra (northern Spain), in use from the XIV century until 140 years ago, as well as seven beech trees from a nearby old-growth forest. Species richness of EcM fungi was similar for the three locations, while differences were found for species composition in the area damaged by mining and compare to outside the mine and the reference beech forest. Our results suggest the need to assess ecosystem recovery with more complex metrics (e.g. architecture of interaction networks) in order to accurately estimate the real time required for ecosystems to fully recover.
Design and characterisation of a Physically Unclonable Function on FPGA using second-order compensated measurement

Physically unclonable functions (PUFs) have become an important area of study in the field of hardware security. In this paper we have designed a ring oscillator PUF (RO-PUF) implemented it in FPGA and characterised it using a new concept: second-order compensated measurement by two-bit extraction. The results show that it is possible to use two quality bits to generate the response, thus improving the performance compared to conventional RO-PUFs.