Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fully-integrated, fully-differential 3-axis tactile sensor on platform LSI with TSV-based surface-mountable structure

The present paper reports a 2.8-mm-square surface-mountable MEMS-on-LSI integrated 3-axis tactile sensor for robot applications, which incorporates sensing and signal processing in a single chip. The MEMS part has a quad-seesaw-electrode structure for fully-differential capacitive 3-axis force sensing. The LSI is an original sensor platform LSI equipped with deep annular-type through silicon vias (TSVs). A multi-project LSI wafer was processed after fabrication in an LSI foundry. The MEMS part and the LSI part were integrated by Au-Au thermocompression bonding. The output is a digital packet and is transferred through the TSV and a bus line. A working test successfully demonstrated the fully-differential capacitive 3-axis force sensing of the fully-integrated tactile sensor.
Predicting Perioperative Stroke

The purpose of this review is to examine the incidence and mechanisms of perioperative stroke and to identify possible associated risk factors. The perioperative period can be subdivided into preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative periods; we focus here on assessment in the preoperative period, as this is the time when risk prediction usually occurs. Surgical technique itself will not be considered, nor will intraoperative monitoring to detect cerebral ischemia be considered. This review will examine perioperative stroke in relation to general surgical procedures, including peripheral vascular reconstruction, orthopedic, gynecologic, and head and neck surgery.
5-Fluorouracil, Leucovorin and Oxaliplatin plus Bevacizumab in the First-Line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Single-Institute Study

Background: The addition of bevacizumab to 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) improved the time-to-progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) in comparison to FOLFOX in the second-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC). However, limited survival data are available to support FOLFOX plus bevacizumab in a first-line setting. We conducted a retrospective study of first-line FOLFOX plus bevacizumab to better characterize the safety and efficacy of this regimen in the first-line treatment of MCRC. Methods: Records of patients treated with first-line FOLFOX plus bevacizumab between January 2003 and March 2006 were reviewed. Grade 3 and 4 toxicity as well as efficacy data were collected. TTP and OS analyses were done using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: 51 patients were treated with FOLFOX plus bevacizumab. Oxaliplatin treatment was interrupted prior to progression in 67% of patients. Grade 3 neuropathy, neutropenia and diarrhea occurred in 16, 8, and 8% of patients, respectively. The overall response rate, median TTP and median OS were 41%, 9.9 months and 23.2 months, respectively. Conclusions: First-line FOLFOX plus bevacizumab is associated with favorable TTP and OS. The definitive role of bevacizumab in the first-line setting in combination with FOLFOX chemotherapy should be explored further in randomized clinical trials.
REFINE-1, a Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 3 Trial With ATX-101, an Injectable Drug for Submental Fat Reduction

BACKGROUND ATX-101, an injectable form of deoxycholic acid, is approved in the United States and Canada for submental fat (SMF) reduction. OBJECTIVE To report results of REFINE-1, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase 3 trial investigating the efficacy and safety of ATX-101. METHODS Subjects dissatisfied with their moderate or severe SMF received ATX-101 (2 mg/cm2) or placebo. Coprimary outcome measures were composite ≥1-grade and ≥2-grade improvements in clinician-assessed and subject-assessed SMF severity using validated scales at 12 weeks after last treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provided an objective measure of submental volume reduction. Patient-reported outcomes were assessed. RESULTS Among 256 ATX-101–treated and 250 placebo-treated subjects, a ≥1-grade composite response was achieved in 70.0% and 18.6%, and a ≥2-grade composite response in 13.4% and 0%, respectively (p < .001 for both). The proportion of MRI responders was more than 8 times higher with ATX-101 than placebo (46.3% vs 5.3%; p < .001). ATX-101–treated subjects reported improvement in the psychological impact of SMF and satisfaction with treatment (p < .001 for all assessments vs placebo). Of note, 55% and 75% of ATX-101–treated subjects reported 1-grade improvement in clinician-assessed SMF after 2 and 4 treatments, respectively. Adverse events (primarily localized to the injection site) were mostly mild or moderate, and transient. Marginal mandibular nerve paresis reported in 4.3% of ATX-101–treated subjects (1.0% of all ATX-101 treatment sessions) was mostly mild, transient, and resolved without sequelae. CONCLUSION ATX-101 is a safe and efficacious, first-in-class, injectable drug for SMF reduction.
Prevalence of human papillomavirus, cytomegalovirus and chlamydia trachomatis among women with normal cervical cytology and their impact on TLRs expression

To study the prevalence of HPV infection and its associated co-infection among sexually active women with normal cytology and to correlate the infection status with TLR expression. In a population based study, first voided urine samples were collected from 370 sexually active women with normal cervical cytology. The presence of HPV, CMV and CT infections were by PCR based approach. The expression pattern of TLR2 and TLR4 was analyzed in formalin fixed cervical tissue samples by immunohistochemistry. An overall HPV, CMV and CT prevalence of 22.6, 6.8 and 2.3%, respectively was reported among the study population. Further it was observed that women with HPV infections were more prone to CMV (OR: 1.79, 95% CI 0.69-4.63) and CT (OR: 22.41, 95% CI 2.65-189.48) infections. The immunostaining of the formalin fixed blocks with anti-TLR2 and TLR4 showed surface expression of TLRs in cervical squamous with no infection and TLR2 and TLR4 immunoreactivity in infected cervical samples were markedly negative. The infection of the cervix with HPV, CMV and CT decreases TLR2 and TLR4 expression in cervical squamous and thus abolishes the innate immune responses. The abolished TLR response may be a crucial step in the carcinogenic events mediated by infectious agents.
Recuperación de Arquitecturas de Software: Un Mapeo Sistemático de la Literatura

espanolEn este articulo se presentan los resultados de un mapeo sistematico de la literatura sobre el tema de recuperacion de vistas arquitectonicas de sistemas software, el cual se llevo a cabo aplicando una propuesta metodologica establecida en la literatura. Se identificaron los estudios existentes sobre el tema, especificando el tipo de estudio realizado, su proposito, las tecnicas de recuperacion que utilizan, los aspectos y elementos de la arquitectura que recuperan y los mecanismos que utilizan para representar las vistas arquitectonicas recuperadas, entre otros aspectos. Se concluye que seria util contar con un mecanismo unificado y consistente para representar los resultados obtenidos por las tecnicas de recuperacion de arquitecturas, que facilite su interpretacion, analisis y reutilizacion. EnglishThis paper presents the results of a systematic mapping review about the recovery of architectural views from a software system, which was carried out using a methodological proposal found in the literature. Existing studies on the subject were identified, specifying the type of research, its purpose, the used recovery techniques, the aspects and architectural elements that is recovered, and the models used to represent the recovered architectural views, among others. It is concluded that it would be useful to have a unified and consistent mechanism for representing the results obtained by architectural recovery techniques, which facilitates their interpretation, analysis and reuse.
Reactive Oxygen Species-mediated β-Cleavage of the Prion Protein in the Cellular Response to Oxidative Stress*

The cellular prion protein (PrPC) is critical for the development of prion diseases. However, the physiological role of PrPC is less clear, although a role in the cellular resistance to oxidative stress has been proposed. PrPC is cleaved at the end of the copper-binding octapeptide repeats through the action of reactive oxygen species (ROS), a process termed β-cleavage. Here we show that ROS-mediated β-cleavage of cell surface PrPC occurs within minutes and was inhibited by the hydroxyl radical quencher dimethyl sulfoxide and by an antibody against the octapeptide repeats. A construct of PrP lacking the octapeptide repeats, PrPΔoct, failed to undergo ROS-mediated β-cleavage, as did two mutant forms of PrP, PG14 and A116V, associated with human prion diseases. As compared with cells expressing wild type PrP, when challenged with H2O2 and Cu2+, cells expressing PrPΔoct, PG14, or A116V had reduced viability and glutathione peroxidase activity and increased intracellular free radicals. Thus, lack of ROS-mediated β-cleavage of PrP correlated with the sensitivity of the cells to oxidative stress. These data indicate that the β-cleavage of PrPC is an early and critical event in the mechanism by which PrP protects cells against oxidative stress.
The Role of the C1 and C2 A-domains in Type VI Collagen Assembly*

Constructs of each of the three chains of type VI collagen were generated and examined in an in vitrotranscription/translation assay supplemented with semipermeabilized cells. Each of the constructs when used in the in vitrosystem was shown to be glycosylated and to undergo intracellular assembly, the extent of which was determined by the nature of the C-terminal globular domains. All three chains containing the C1 domain formed monomers; however, the C2 domain was required for dimer and tetramer formation. In the case of the full-length α2(VI) chain, monomers, dimers, and tetramers formed in a time-dependent manner. Although the splice variant α2(VI)C2a could form monomers, it was unable to form dimers and tetramers. Similar results to the α2(VI) chain were found for the full-length α1(VI) chain, although assembly was at a slower rate. In the case of the α3(VI) chain containing both C1 and C2 domains only monomers were observed. Addition of the C3, C4, and C5 did not change this pattern. Homology modeling suggested that a 10-amino acid insertion in the C2 domain of the α3(VI) chain may interfere with dimer formation. A near full-length construct of the α3(VI) chain only formed monomers but was shown to facilitate tetramer formation in cotranslation experiments.
Loss of Heterozygosity and Internal Tandem Duplication Mutations of the CBP Gene Are Frequent Events in Human Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Purpose: Cyclic AMP response element binding protein binding protein (CBP), a nuclear transcriptional coactivator protein, is an important component of the cAMP signal transduction pathway. In this study, we systematically analyzed the pattern and frequency of CBP gene alterations in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) samples from Linzhou (Linxian), China. Experimental Design: Using microsatellite markers D16S475, D16S2622, and D16S523 within the chromosome 16p13.3 locus flanking the CBP gene, we observed loss of heterozygosity (LOH), microsatellite instability (MSI), or homozygous deletion in 16 of 26 ESCC samples. Additional ESCC samples were analyzed using different sets of microsatellite markers (CS1–CS5) within the introns or in close proximity to the 3′ end of the CBP gene. Results: The data showed that CBP gene LOH or MSI occurred in 9 of 19 ESCC samples. A detailed genetic alteration map of the CBP gene showed that an LOH or MSI hot spot occurred within intron 2 of the CBP gene. Furthermore, ESCC samples were investigated for CBP gene mutation by conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis and DNA sequencing. These results revealed that most of the shifted fragments contained internal tandem duplication (ITD), frequently in the regions encoding the histone acetyltransferase domain and COOH-terminal transactivating domain one of the CBP gene. The presence of ITD within the CBP gene was additionally confirmed by Southern blot analysis and sequencing. Conclusions: These studies show that LOH and ITD of the CBP gene are frequent genetic events in human ESCC. These alterations may have functional importance in the development of human ESCC.
Evaluation of the effect of a planar reflector on the pulse performance of an UWB monopole

The effect of a planar reflector on the pulse performance of a small UWB planar monopole is described. Full electromagnetic simulations were performed and their accuracy was validated through measurements. The results show that the effect of a planar reflector is highly dependent on the distance between the reflector and the antenna. The antenna system was assessed in terms of frequency domain performance and fidelity factor. The manufactured antenna exhibits excellent time domain performance in free space and similar performance for short reflector-antenna separation with a fidelity factor greater than 99% at the recorded orientation.
Sliding mode control for mismatched uncertain Markov jump systems

The sliding mode control problem of a class of mismatched uncertain Markov jump systems is considered. On the assumption that the system uncertainties are known upper bounds, the sufficient conditions are proposed respectively via linear matrix inequalities to guarantee the mean exponential stability of reduced-order sliding mode system. Corresponding to mismatched system uncertainties, a robust sliding mode controller is designed, which is proved able to guarantee that the system trajectory reach the sliding surface in a finite time interval and keep up here thereafter. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed controller has good stability and robustness for uncertain hybrid linear Markov jumping systems.
Quaternary Stratigraphy and Stratigraphic Nomenclature Revisions in Kansas

This paper outlines Quaternary nomenclature changes to Zeller (1968) that have been adopted by the Kansas Geological Survey (KGS). The KGS formally recognizes two series/epochs for the Quaternary: the Holocene and Pleistocene. Pleistocene stage/age names Kansan, Aftonian, Nebraskan, and Yarmouthian are abandoned and replaced with the broader term "pre-Illinoian. " Formation names Bignell, Peoria, Gilman Canyon, and Loveland are maintained for loess units. Formation names for the following alluvial lithostratigraphic units are abandoned: Crete, Sappa, Grand Island, Fullerton, and Holdrege. The Severance Formation is adopted as a new lithostratigraphic unit for thick packages of late Pleistocene alluvium and colluvium in Kansas. The DeForest Formation is accepted as a valid lithostratigraphic unit for deposits of fine-grained Holocene alluvium in Kansas. Formation names Iowa Point, Nickerson, and Cedar Bluffs for glacial tills and Atchison and David City for glaciofluvial deposits are abandoned. The Afton and Yarmouth Soils are abandoned as pedostratigraphic units, whereas the Sangamon Geosol and Brady Geosol are maintained.
[Effects of moxibustion preconditioning on SOD and MDA in rats with global brain ischemia].

OBJECTIVE To reveal the mechanism of moxibustion preconditioning in preventive brain-protecting action. METHODS The rat model of global brain ischemia was made with 4-artery ligation method. 78 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control group, sham-operation group, brain ischemia group, brain ischemia preconditioning group and moxibustion preconditioning group. The brain was taken 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after operation in the all groups, respectively, for determination of SOD activities by xanthine oxidase method and MDA content by thibabituric acid method. RESULTS The SOD activity significantly increased, especially 24 h after the moxibustion preconditioning, and the MDA content decreased significantly with a very significant difference as compared with the ischemia group(P<0.01). CONCLUSION Moxibustion preconditioning exerts the protective action on the brain tissue of ischemia and anoxia through increasing the endogenous anti-oxidase activity.
Photosynthate and Nitrogen Requirements for Seed Production by Various Crops

Seed biochemical composition was the basis for segregating 24 crops into four distinct groups. Nitrogen requirements of pulses and soybeans were so great that sustained seed growth demanded continued nitrogen translocation from vegetative tissues. This translocation must eventually induce senescence in these tissues, restrict the duration of the seed-fill period, and limit seed yield.
Cellular Adaptation to Anthrax Lethal Toxin-Induced Mitochondrial Cholesterol Enrichment, Hyperpolarization, and Reactive Oxygen Species Generation through Downregulating MLN64 in Macrophages

ABSTRACT Cellular adaptation to different stresses related to survival and function has been demonstrated in several cell types. Anthrax lethal toxin (LeTx) induces rapid cell death, termed “pyroptosis,” by activating NLRP1b/caspase-1 in murine macrophages. We and others (S. D. Ha et al., J. Biol. Chem. 282:26275-26283, 2007; I. I. Salles et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 100:12426 –12431, 2003) have shown that RAW264.7 cells preexposed to sublethal doses of LeTx become resistant to subsequent high cytolytic doses of LeTx, termed toxin-induced resistance (TIR). To date, the cellular mechanisms of pyroptosis and TIR are largely unknown. We found that LeTx caused NLRP1b/caspase-1-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction, including hyperpolarization and generation of reactive oxygen species, which was distinct from that induced by stimuli such as NLRP3-activating ATP. In TIR cells, these mitochondrial events were not detected, although caspase-1 was activated, in response to LeTx. We identified that downregulation of the late endosomal cholesterol-transferring protein MLN64 in TIR cells was involved in TIR. The downregulation of MLN64 in TIR cells was at least in part due to DNA methyltransferase 1-mediated DNA methylation. In wild-type RAW264.7 cells and primary bone marrow-derived macrophages, LeTx caused NLRP1b/caspase-1-dependent mitochondrial translocation of MLN64, resulting in cholesterol enrichment, membrane hyperpolarization, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and depletion of free glutathione (GSH). This study demonstrates for the first time that MLN64 plays a key role in LeTx/caspase-1-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.
Oxygen consumption of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in relation to activity and salinity.

The oxygen consumption of the rainbow trout ranging in size from 23 to 196 g was measured at 5 °C and 15 °C in fresh water and salinities of 7.5‰, 15‰, and 30‰. The standard rate of metabolism and metabolic rates at various levels of steady swimming were determined.The cost of swimming and the cost of osmoregulation in terms of oxygen consumption for a 100-g fish were calculated on the assumption that there was no cost of osmoregulation in a salinity of 7.5‰. In fresh water and in 15‰ salinity the cost of osmoregulation was 20% of total metabolism while in a salinity of 30‰ it was 27%. This 27% of the total metabolism attributed to cost of osmoregulation does not appear to be proportional to the increase in osmotic gradient in 30‰ salinity.
Management of domain space defined semantic Web

The results of scientific activities that include observations, experiments, interactions, deductions, etc. are stored in data sets which are typically kept and managed in an ad-hoc manner. It requires a substantial effort to discover and evaluate data quality and suitability for a particular analysis. The provision of appropriate metadata and links to related resources assists in finding and evaluating data sets for scientific research. This paper addresses the problem of modeling of ontologies in Semantic Web, and presents a method for describing and managing semantic information for scientific domain spaces. We have developed a semantic layer over a database management system to give support to retrieval services for data sets semantics. The conceptualization of domain spaces including the development of the vocabulary is performed using RDF model and schema constructs.
Concentration of Enteroviruses from Large Volumes of Water

An improved method for concentrating viruses from large volumes of clean waters is described. It was found that, by acidification, viruses in large volumes of water could be efficiently adsorbed to epoxy-fiber-glass and nitrocellulose filters in the absence of exogenously added salts. Based upon this finding, a modified version of our previously described virus concentration system was developed for virus monitoring of clean waters. In this procedure the water being tested is acidified by injection of N HCl prior to passage through a virus adsorber consisting of a fiber-glass cartridge depth filter and an epoxy-fiber-glass membrane filter in series. The adsorbed viruses are then eluted with a 1-liter volume of pH 11.5 eluent and reconcentrated by adsorption to and elution from a small epoxy-fiber-glass filter series. With this method small quantities of poliovirus in 100-gallon (378.5-liter) volumes of tapwater were concentrated nearly 40,000-fold with an average virus recovery efficiency of 77%.
Joint report of the Fourth International Workshop on Lymphocyte Alloantigens of the Horse, Lexington, Kentucky, 12-22 October 1985.

Summary. The workshop consisted of 12 monthly cell exchanges of full-sibling families among the 10 participating laboratories. A total of 33 parents, 52 offspring and five unrelated horses were typed by each laboratory using local antisera. The raw data were submitted for central analysis before any identification of the animals was revealed. Confidence derived from the consistent agreement between the laboratories on the assignment and segregation of the first 10 ELA-W specificities led to the removal of the W (workshop) notation and acceptance of full status as locus A antigens. The seemingly supertypic W11 specificity, however, remained unchanged. Ten additional specificities were seen to segregate with the ELA system, suggesting either splits of previously described specificities or products of linked loci. The workshop (W) notation was given to the 10 specificities W12-W21, befitting their status as specificities under study. The previously described ELY-1.1 specificity, characterized by segregation independent from the ELA system, was confirmed along with a new specificity, ELY-1.2, which behaves as an allele of ELY-1.1. For informative families, the two specificities showed codominant expression and appeared to constitute a closed, autosomal system. The ELY-2.1 specificity was confirmed to segregate independently from the ELA-A and ELY-1 loci.