Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A general‐purpose software measurement tool

A software measurement tool designed for the users of PRIME, an interactive system being developed, is presented. The tool, called SMT, allows its user to instrument a program, modify a pre‐existing instrumentation and specify how the collected data are to be reduced by typing in a few simple commands. The user can also write his own measurement routines, which specify the actions to be taken at event detection time, and submit them to the SMT; after checking their correctness, the SMT deals with them as with its built‐in, standard measurement routines. The design goals of a general‐purpose tool like the SMT are discussed, and the prototype version of the tool, which has been implemented, is described from the two distinct viewpoints of a user and of a measurement‐tool designer. An example of the application of the prototype to a measurement problem is illustrated, the reasons why not all of the design goals have been achieved in the implementation of the prototype are reviewed, and some of the foreseeable extensions of the SMT are described.
Adaptive Regulation for Nonlinear Systems with Unknown Virtual Control Coefficient and Nonlinear Parameterization

A global adaptive stabilizer is developed for a class of nonlinear systems which contains an unknown virtual control coefficient and nonlinear parameterization. By using a new parameter estimator and backstepping technique, we design a smooth state feedback control law, a 2-dimensional parameter update law that estimates an unknown virtual control coefficient and parameter uncertainties, and a C1 Lyapunov function which is positive definite and proper
A Structural Equation Modeling of Perceived Justice in Malaysian Telecommunication Sector

Perceived justice is one of important factor in previous studies of service recovery that influences satisfaction of service recovery. It can be assessed in two method namely uni or multi-dimensional. The objective of this research is to examine perceived justice measurement as uni or multi-dimensional towards mobile phone users in the telecommunications industry. Data analysis technique used was Structural Equation Model (SEM). The multi-dimensional nature of justice and satisfaction was verified based on confirmatory factor analysis. The measurement model of the hypothesized model confirmed the non-multicollinearity results among the variables. The findings show that the perceived justice measurement fits the data better in terms of multi-dimensional. The limitations of this studied noted and further research suggestions are also included.
Sulfonylureas in the Management of Type II Diabetes Mellitus

hypoglycemic agent along with metformin. Although the management of diabetes was attempted by the “experts” of the Pharaoah of Egypt 3500 years ago and by Shushruta, the modern times efforts began only in the in the early 1900. In the year 1937, hypoglycemic activity of sulfur compounds was noted, and five years later, Michel Janbon noted hypoglycemia while using antibiotic para amino sulfonamide-isopropyl-thiodiaozole. Its secretogogue action was confirmed by Loubatieres in 1946 and tolbutamide was the first SU to be marketed in Germany in 19501-2.
Koreans' Traditional View on Death

Koreans’ traditional view on death has been much influenced by Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, and shamanism since ancient times. Confucianism emphasizes the importance of the real life in this world and highly praises doing good deeds for the family and the community. It also praises pe ople who are enlightened by education and self-discipline. Confucian scholars admit that death cannot be understood by rational thinking although it is unavoidable as a cosmic order. Taoism sees life as the same ent ity as death; Both are two different aspects of the same cosmos or the wholeness. However, the disciples of Tao ism became much interested in a long life and well being that may be achieved by harmonizing with the cosmic order. Buddhism thinks that death and life are an “illusion”. It says that people can be enlightened by recognizing the fact that “Nothing is born and nothing is dying in this world. Everything is the product of your mind occupied with false belief. ” However, secular Buddhists believe in the afterlife and metempsychosis of the so ul. This belief is sometimes connected with the view of the traditional shamanis m. Shamanism dichotomizes the world between “this world“ and “that world“. After death, the person’s soul travels to “that world”, where it may influence life of people who reside in “this world”. And shamans who are spiritual beings living in “this world” mediate souls and living people. In conclusion, there are various views and beliefs regarding death, which are influenced by a number of religions and philosophies. They should be seriously considered when making a medical decision regarding the end of patients’ life.
The epidermal biopsy; its indications and technique.

For a number of years we have employed a razor shaving technique for securing superficial skin biopsy specimens, both in clinical practice and in research. The success and simplicity of this procedure prompt us to record our observations for those who may be unfamiliar with such an approach. Furthermore, recent papers on the cutaneous biopsy fail to mention the epidermal biopsy. 1-3 In our experience the epidermal biopsy is most useful clinically in the study of superficial lesions of the face, hands, or feet. In these critical areas the significant primary lesion can often be removed as a superficial shaving without the hazard of scarring. The need for a histologic study of areas in which healing may be delayed, such as the lower leg or intertriginous sites, is also a prime indication for the epidermal biopsy. Thus, we have employed this technique with success on superficial fungating masses in
Chronic Amiodarone Reduces Transmural Dispersion of Repolarization in the Canine Heart

Amiodarone Reduces Transmural Dispersion. Introduction: Amiodarone is a potent antiarrhythmic agent used in the management of both atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. In addition to its β‐blocking properties, amiodarone is known lo block the sodium, potassium, and calcium channels in the heart. Its complex electropharmacology notwithstanding, the reasons for the high efficacy of the drug remain unclear. Also not well understood is the basis for the low incidence of proarrhythmia seen with amiodarone relative to other agents with Class III actions. The present study was designed to examine the effects of chronic amiodarone in epicardial, endocardial, and M cells of the canine left ventricle.
Yeast histone H4 and H3 N‐termini have different effects on the chromatin structure of the GAL1 promoter.

Deletion of the histone H4 N‐terminal residues 4‐23 decreases activation of the GAL1 promoter as much as 20‐fold, while deletion of histone H3 N‐terminal residues 4‐15 hyperactivates GAL1 approximately 3‐fold. In an attempt to understand the mechanisms by which these two different events take place, we have examined the effects of the H4 and H3 lesions on GAL1 chromatin structure. The bacterial dam methylase, which methylates adenine residues of GATC sequences, was used as an in vivo probe for chromatin structure and both indirect end‐labeling and ligation mediated PCR (LMPCR) analysis of micrococcal nuclease digestions were used to analyze chromatin in isolated nuclei. We show that while deletions of the H4 and H3 N‐termini have similar effects on dam methylase access in the GAL1 coding region, the H4 N‐terminal deletion uniquely alters dam access at a region near the TATA element. This change is independent of the transcriptional state of GAL1. In addition, LMPCR analysis of micrococcal nuclease digests of yeast nuclei demonstrate that H4 N‐terminal deletion has unique effects on nuclease accessibility in the nucleosomal region upstream of the TATA element. Our results are consistent with the H4 N‐terminus mediating activation of GAL1 through its effect on the proximal promoter region near the TATA box. These data also suggest that the H3 N‐terminus affects GAL1 hyperactivation through a different promoter element than that affected by H4.
A Álgebra que se aprende e a Álgebra que se ensina: encontros e desencontros na visão dos professores

Desde os anos 1980, pesquisadores como Lee Shulman e Deborah Ball investigam quais sao os componentes desta base de conhecimentos, bem como buscam compreender como os conhecimentos adquiridos pelos professores, em cursos de formacao inicial, podem se tornar uteis para eles ensinarem na educacao basica, por exemplo. Em especial, o trabalho desenvolvido pelo grupo liderado por Deborah Ball, na Universidade de Michigan, procura dar suporte para compreendermos quais sao os conhecimentos necessarios para o professor ensinar matematica, de modo que seus alunos aprendam tal disciplina. Nesse sentido, fundamentado nos trabalhos de Shulman e Ball, a presente conferencia pretende discutir qual a visao de Algebra que professores formadores e professores da educacao basica declaram, quando sao convidados a falar a respeito de tal tematica. Dentre os resultados que serao aqui discutidos, observaremos encontros e desencontros na visao dos professores universitarios e daqueles que atuam na educacao basica.
Synchronous and Asynchronous Generators Frequency and Harmonics Behavior after a Sudden Load Rejection

This paper describes load rejection tests done at two hydro power plants in Sweden, one equipped with synchronous and the other with asynchronous generators. During the tests, voltages and currents are digitized, recorded, and thereafter offline processed. By this, in the processing of distorted and fast parameter-varying voltages and currents, the powerful estimation technique, the Newton type algorithm, is applied. It was intended to investigate the frequency changes and the distortions of the measured signals. The transient processes at both generators are compared. In particular, the frequency changes after the instance of load rejection are investigated and discussed from the signal processing and physical nature point of view.
SteppingStone: An Empirical and Analytical Evaluation

Decomposing a difficult problem into simpler subproblems is a classic problem solving technique. Unfortunately, the most difficult subproblems can be as difficult, if not more difficult, than the original problem. This is not an obstacle to problem solving if the difficult subproblems recur in other problems. If the difficult subproblems recur often, then its solution need only be learned once and reused. SteppingStone is a learning problem solver that decomposes a problem into simple and difficult-but-recurring subproblems. It solves the simple subproblems with an inexpensive constrained problem solver. To solve the difficult subproblems, SteppingStone uses an unconstrained problem solver. Once it solves a difficult subproblem, it uses the solution to generate a sequence of subgoals, or steppingstones, that can be used by the constrained problem solver to solve this difficult subproblem when it occurs again. In this paper we provide analytical evidence for SteppingStone's capabilities as well as empirical results from our work with the domain of logic synthesis.
Outcomes of Hip Arthroscopy in the Older Adult: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Background: The indications for hip preservation surgery have expanded to include treatment of hip pathology in older adults. While several studies have examined the efficacy of hip arthroscopy in the setting of osteoarthritis, there has been no review of outcomes in older adults. Purpose: To review the outcomes of hip arthroscopy in older adults and identify factors associated with treatment failures. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched through March 2016 for studies reporting outcomes of primary hip arthroscopy in patients older than 40 years. Inclusion in the review was based on age, patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures, and duration of follow-up. Two authors screened the results and extracted data for use in this review. Standardized mean difference was calculated to estimate effect size for PRO scores within studies. Results: Eight studies with 401 total patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) or labral tears were included in this review. Seven of the 8 studies reported favorable PRO scores and significant postoperative improvement with moderate to large effect size. The included studies demonstrated a trend toward higher effect sizes with an increasing percentage of labral repair compared to isolated labral debridement. The complication rate was comparable to that of previous reports involving younger patients; however, the overall reoperation rate was 20.8%. Conversion to hip arthroplasty ranged from 0% to 30%, with an overall conversion rate of 18.5% at a mean time of 17.5 months following arthroscopy. The most common risk factors for conversion to arthroplasty were low preoperative PRO scores and advanced arthritis. Conclusion: Hip arthroscopy appears to be a safe and efficacious treatment for labral tears and FAI in older patients who do not have significant underlying degenerative changes. However, in this population, there is a significant proportion of patients who eventually require hip arthroplasty. Outcomes may be affected by type of treatment (ie, labral debridement vs repair). Additional high-quality studies are needed to understand how these factors affect outcomes.
Simulación de Mecanizado Incremental Adaptativa

La simulacion de los procesos de mecanizado tiene un gran interes en el ambito de la fabricacion por ordenador. Presentamos un metodo de poligonalizacion para objetos generados por desbaste basado en una particion espacial en voxeles, adaptando a este problema los algoritmos Marching Cubes y Postproceso de Rectificacion de Metapoligonos. Sus caracteristicas permiten aprovechar la coherencia espacial procesando solo los voxeles en un entorno de vecindad. Ademas, se trata de un metodo incremental, es decir, los calculos realizados se reutilizan en pasos sucesivos. Tambien se han introducido propiedades que lo hacen adaptativo, de tal manera que la densidad de la malla se adapta localmente a la superficie. Con estas caracteristicas comprobamos que los tiempos de proceso se reducen drasticamente si los comparamos con otros metodos tradicionales. Esto permite realizar una visualizacion en tiempo real, especialmente adecuada para la simulacion del mecanizado de piezas.
Improved prognosis of Epstein-Barr virus associated childhood Hodgkin's lymphoma: study of 47 South African cases

Aim—To study the distribution of Hodgkin's lymphoma in South African children and report the incidence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) as regards age, race, sex, and histological subtype; to investigate whether EBV is relevant to survival. Methods—Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridisation (ISH) to detect EBV were performed on 47 South African children with classical Hodgkin's lymphoma, ranging in age from 3 to 14 years and coming from different ethnic backgrounds. The correlation between the presence of the virus and clinical outcome was assessed. Results—The nodular sclerosing subtype predominated, comprising 89% of cases; the remaining 11% were of the mixed cellularity subtype. EBV was present in 68%. Full clinical data were available for 36 cases; EBV positive patients presented with less aggressive symptoms at diagnosis and had a significantly longer median survival than EBV negative patients. Conclusions—The distribution of EBV in South African childhood Hodgkin's lymphoma follows a pattern intermediate to that of industrialised and non-industrialised countries. Furthermore, our data suggest that there is an association between poor prognosis and the non-detection of EBV products in South African childhood Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Potential Noradrenergic Targets for Cognitive Enhancement in Schizophrenia

Abstract Substantial evidence suggests that alterations in noradrenergic function contribute to the cognitive impairments of schizophrenia. Activation of post-junctional α2a-adrenergic receptors in the prefrontal cortex by the α2a-selective agonist guanfacine has demonstrated some preliminary benefit in subjects with schizophrenia treated with atypical antipsychotics. α1-drenergic receptor activity may be less important in mediating the cognitive impairments of schizophrenia, β-adrenergic receptors may serve as another potential target for cognitive remediation in schizophrenia. However, the potential increase in memory consolidation in schizophrenia patients produced by β-adrenergic agonists may be outweighed by the impairment in cognitive flexibility and executive functioning produced by α-adrenergic agonists. Finally, norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, such as atomoxetine, hold promise as potential cognitive enhancers in schizophrenia because of their ability to indirectly but selectively increase extracellular dopamine concentrations in the prefrontal cortex.
Curcumin suppresses constitutive activation of STAT‐3 by up‐regulating protein inhibitor of activated STAT‐3 (PIAS‐3) in ovarian and endometrial cancer cells

Signal transducer and activator of transcription‐3 (STAT‐3) is constitutively activated in ovarian and endometrial cancers and is implicated in uncontrolled cell growth. Thus, its disruption could be an effective approach to control tumorigenesis. Curcumin is a dihydroxyphenolic compound, with proven anti‐cancer efficacy in various cancer models. We examined the anti‐tumor mechanism of curcumin on STAT‐3 and on the negative regulators of STAT‐3, including suppressors of cytokine signaling proteins (SOCS‐1 and SOCS‐3), protein inhibitors of activated STAT (PIAS‐1 and PIAS‐3), and SH2 domain‐containing phosphatases (SHP‐1 and SHP‐2) in ovarian and endometrial cancer cell lines. Treatment of cancer cells with curcumin induced a dose‐ and time‐dependent decrease of constitutive IL‐6 expression and of constitutive and IL‐6‐induced STAT‐3 phosphorylation, which is associated with decreased cell viability and increased cleavage of caspase‐3. The inhibition of STAT‐3 activation by curcumin was reversible, and phosphorylated STAT‐3 levels returned to control levels 24 h after curcumin removal. Compared to normal cells baseline expression of SOCS‐3 was high in cancer cells and a marked decrease in SOCS‐3 expression was seen following curcumin treatment. Overexpression of SOCS‐3 in curcumin‐treated cells increased expression of phosphorylated STAT‐3 and resulted in increased cell viability. Normal ovarian and endometrial cells exhibited high expression of PIAS‐3 protein, whereas in cancer cells the expression was greatly reduced. Curcumin increased PIAS‐3 expression in cancer cells. Of significance, siRNA‐mediated knockdown of PIAS‐3 overcomes the inhibitory effect of curcumin on STAT‐3 phosphorylation and cell viability. In conclusion, curcumin suppresses JAK‐STAT signaling via activation of PIAS‐3, thus attenuating STAT‐3 phosphorylation and tumor cell growth. J. Cell. Biochem. 110: 447–456, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The clinical use of Arthur Boothroyd (AB) word lists in Australia: exploring evidence-based practice

Abstract Objective: Limited empirical investigation exists validating the use of Arthur Boothroyd (AB) word recognition materials within the Australian clinical context. The current research was undertaken to examine the evidence base and clinical implementation/interpretation of AB words in Australia. Design: An on-line 22-question survey was e-mailed to members of the peak audiology professional body in Australia. Study sample: Three hundred and twelve responses were recorded between April and June 2015 from audiologists of a range of ages, working in various clinical settings. Results: The survey results suggested audiologists use AB words on a wide range of clients from children <5 to adults ≥80 years, for diverse purposes including diagnosis of retrocochlear pathology, candidacy and validation of rehabilitative options, and client counselling. A majority of respondents reported typically administering one or two word lists per ear, and over 99% of audiologists utilised phonemic scoring. There was no consensus regarding what constitutes a significant difference between any two given scores. Conclusions: Wide variation exists in the administration and interpretation of AB words in Australia. There appears to be a mismatch between clinical utilisation of AB words and existing evidence-based empirical data. Further research is required to improve evidence-based audiologist training, and thereby current clinical use of AB words.
Ethnic Differences in Androgens, IGF-I and Body Fat in Healthy Prepubertal Girls

OBJECTIVE To examine ethnic differences in adrenal androgen production, IGF-I, and IGFBP-1 and -3 in relation to bone age, insulin, and body composition in healthy prepubertal girls. METHODS Serum levels of DHEA-S, androstenedione, IGF-I, and IGFBP-1 and -3 were examined in relation to bone age, insulin, and body composition (determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) in 47 (19 Caucasian, 9 African-American, 19 Mexican-American) healthy prepubertal girls aged 7.5-9.0 years. RESULTS Age, weight, height, bone age, androstenedione, insulin, glucose:insulin ratios, and IGFBP-3 levels were not statistically different among groups. Mexican-American girls had higher % body fat than African-Americans or Caucasians (P < 0.001). DHEA-S levels in African-Americans were twofold higher than in Caucasians (P = 0.024), although their % body fat was not significantly different (16.1% and 19.4%, respectively; P = 0.138). DHEA-S levels in Mexican-American girls were intermediate. Bone age and weight were significant covariates for DHEA-S levels. Plasma IGF-I levels were also higher in African-American than in Caucasian or Mexican-American girls (P = 0.009). Covariance analysis showed that IGF-I levels were influenced mainly by ethnicity (P = 0.009) and were independent of bone age. Despite similar insulin levels among groups, IGFBP-1 levels were higher in Caucasians than in Mexican-Americans or African-Americans (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In healthy prepubertal girls, DHEA-S concentrations are higher in African-Americans than in Caucasians or Mexican-Americans, even before any clinical evidence of adrenarche. Furthermore, IGF-I concentrations are higher in African-American girls than in Caucasian or Mexican-American girls which may contribute to the higher DHEA-S levels observed. Conversely, higher DHEA-S and IGF-I levels in African-American girls may be indicative of an influence not only of gonadal but also of adrenal androgens on the GH/IGF-I axis.
Advanced Natural and Tangible Interfaces for Spatial Information

Since 6000 years humans have used maps to navigate through space and solve other spatial tasks. Nearly all of time maps were drawn or printed on a piece of paper (or on material like stone or papyrus) of a certain size. Thus the two most common interaction methods were: (i) Holding the map in both hands (ii) or putting the map on a tabletop and perform specific tasks. Nowadays maps can be displayed on a wide range of electronic devices, starting from small screen mobile devices or highly interactive large multi-touch screen and of course the “old interaction schemas” cannot be applied anymore. In my PhD thesis I investigate new natural and tangible interfaces that allow intuitive interaction with digital spatial information transferring and/or preserving the “old interaction schemas”. All different sizes of devices are considered, starting from mobile augmented reality interfaces, mobile projection interfaces, or even large scale interactive multi-touch surfaces.