Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plasma Testosterone Profile of Male Tawny Owls Strix aluco in Relation to Breeding Density, Breeding Experience, and Offspring Provision

Abstract. The role of plasma testosterone in territorial behavior and breeding success, which has not previously been examined in nocturnal raptors, was studied in male Tawny Owls. Blood was collected for testosterone analysis during the territorial and nestling periods from owls breeding in nest boxes in Duna-Ipoly National Park, Hungary. Testosterone levels, defense activity, prey supply for broods and reproductive performance were related to breeding density and breeding experience of males. Defense activity, as measured by responses to broadcasted hooting calls and dummy owls during the territorial period, correlated positively with testosterone concentration. Males with more breeding experience had high testosterone levels and occupied better territories in dense breeding areas than less experienced males which had low testosterone concentrations. Mate fidelity was linked male quality: females were more likely to be tenacious in good territories. Testosterone levels dropped between territorial and feeding periods, however males with higher concentrations fed nestlings more frequently with high mass prey per night because food was more abundant in territories they had secured. We suggest that differences in testosterone levels in the provisioning period are related to the males' abilities to acquire territories of different quality.
Morphological and biochemical characterization of peel of different coloured mango cultivars

Some morphological and biochemical parameters were studied to characterize only mango fruit peel. Morphological evaluation of ripe fruits using mango descriptors revealed considerable variation amongst mango cultivars. Parameters ‘L’, ‘b’, ‘C’ and ‘h’ showed strong correlation with carotenoids in peel of different coloured cultivars. Also, Biochemical analysis showed a wide variation amongst different coloured mango cultivars with their changing pattern during ripening. The higher content of total chlorophyll, total carotenoids and anthocyanins were noticed in peel of green, yellow and red coloured cultivars respectively. The presence of small quantities of lycopene was also noticed in peel of these cultivars. Mango peel was found to be associated with a decrease in chlorophyll content and increase in the total carotenoids and total anthocyanin contents during ripening of fruit. This study reports some morphological and biochemical parameters of mango peel helpful in breeding (selection of parents) and processing (peel utilization) of fruits.
The role of the calceoli in precopulatory behaviour and mate recognition of Gammarus pseudolimnaeus Bousfield (Crustacea, Amphipoda)

The importance of calceoli (male antennular organs) in mate recognition of Gammarus pseudolimnaeus Bousfield was examined in the laboratory. The relationship between female receptivity and their moult stage was examined by comparing the moult stage of amplexed and non-amplexed females. The former were clearly in later moult stages and thus closer to ovulation. Ablation of the antennular 2 flagella, which uniquely possess the calceoli, had no effect on the ability of males to find, evaluate and amplex with receptive females. Morphological examination verified the complex nature and apparent lack of innervation of calceoli. We propose that the calceolus functions as a general environmental vibrioreceptor, necessary in the male because of its greater level of activity.
Unobtrusive indicators of culture for organizations: a systematic review

ABSTRACT We systematically reviewed the literature using unobtrusive measures to study organizational culture. To synthesize, theorize, and evaluate this research, we introduce the concept of an unobtrusive indicator of culture (UIC) for organizations. A UIC measures organizational culture through collecting data without engaging employees, and is conceptualized in terms of cultural artefacts. We identified thirty-five articles, containing 135 distinct UICs, drawn from 16 distinct data sources. UICs coalesced into two groups. First, textual UICs, with culture measured through language patterns in annual reports, employee online reviews, and emails. Second, UICs focusing on organizational practices, for instance, organizational policies or executive rewards. Over two-thirds (68%) of UICs measured values for integrity, results orientation, and clan cultures, and we conjecture that UICs may be most useful for studying aspects of culture sensitive to reporting biases, and benchmarking large samples of organizations. Forty-eight percent of UICs had good or promising construct validity: many were textual UICs, and those focusing on organizational practices were less established. UICs can potentially advance the study of organizational culture, yet must be developed and applied cautiously, with careful consideration of their advantages and limitations, and how they complement existing measurements and conceptualizations of culture.
The Arginine Level for Chicks as Influenced by Ingredients

ABSTRACT AS EARLY as 1936, Arnold et al. demonstrated that casein was grossly deficient in arginine for young chicks. When casein was used as a source of protein, diets containing 0.57 or 0.86 percent arginine were greatly improved by arginine supplements, arginine carbonate or arginine HCl. Klose et al. (1938) showed that gains on a 20 percent casein diet were increased by the addition of 0.5 percent l -arginine HCl. Hegsted et al. (1941a) reported an increase in chick muscle creatine by adding 1 percent glycine and 0.5 percent arginine to a diet in which 18 percent casein and 10 percent yeast were used as sources of protein. A rapid feathering breed (White Leghorns) showed a greater growth response from the addition of arginine than a slower feathering breed (Plymouth Rocks). Hegsted et al. (1941b) reported that 5 percent gelatin added to an 18 percent casein diet usually supported good growth; however, .
Metodologías de enseñanza en educación superior en latinoamérica: Mapeo sistemático de literatura

Se realizo un mapeo sistematica de literatura acerca de las metodologias de ensenanza en educacion superior, se definieron tres preguntas de investigacion, se formulo un script de busqueda con el cual obtuvieron treinta y dos articulos validos publicados desde el 2010, mediante la revision se analizaron las diferentes metodologias, estilos y tecnicas, aplicadas en la ensenanza de las diferentes asignaturas dictadas en las Universidades e institutos tecnologicos, ademas se evidencia las materias STEM como las principales en metodos innovadores de ensenanza y la influencia de la situacion geografica en la implantacion de tecnicas.
Efeito do BAP no cultivo in vitro de Ocimum selloi Benth

The present study was undertaken to develop the proliferation of sprouts in apical and nodal segments of Ocimum selloi with different BAP levels. Young plants aged 60 days were used as donors of nodal and apical segments. The segments were inoculated in MS medium at half the concentration of salts supplemented with 1.5% of sucrose and different BAP levels. The experiment was in 3 x 4 factorial arrangement, 3 positions of O. selloi segments (apical segment; first and second nodal segment) and 3 BAP levels (0 - control; 2; 4 and 6 mg L-1). After 30 days, the number, the length, and the fresh and dry biomass of sprouts and roots were evaluated. The first and the second segments showed better results in inducing O. selloi sprouts, 7 and 8 sprouts/explant, at the different BAP levels, but there was not root formation in the presence of the cytokinin. Under the tested conditions, use of the first and the second nodal segments is recommended in addition to supplementing the culture medium with BAP for in vitro proliferation of O. selloi sprouts.
Quality Control Criteria of Volatile Ingredients in Certain Mouthwash Products in the Egyptian Market

Quality control criteria of active volatile ingredients in the commercial mouthwash products are not sufficient and not probably specify the quantity of active herbal ingredients. Therefore, it is important to apply the most recent advanced techniques including chromatographic methods as GC, HPLC and HPTLC for analysis of these active volatile ingredients. Comparison of different methods was carried out depending on their validation parameters to choose the best method for analysis. The total amount of volatile ingredients in all the selected mouthwashes was in the effective limit. HPTLC was the simplest method for identification of volatile ingredients. Moreover, HPLC technique was recommended instead of GC for determination of volatile ingredients that have chromophore in the commercial mouthwash products as resulted from their validation parameters, as well as GC analysis needs a lot of extraction solvent that lead to loss of active volatiles.
Are tropical fungal endophytes hyperdiverse

Fungal endophytes are ubiquitous fungi that inhabit healthy plant tissues without causing disease. Endophytes have been found in every plant species examined to date and may be important, but often overlooked, components of fungal biodiversity. In two sites in a lowland, moist tropical forest of central Panama, we quantified endophyte colonization patterns, richness, host preference, and spatial variation in healthy leaves of two co-occurring, understory tree species [Heisteria concinna (Olacaceae) and Ouratea lucens (Ochnaceae)]. From 83 leaves, all of which were colonized by endophytes, we isolated 418 endophyte morphospecies (estimated 347 genetically distinct taxa), most of which were represented by only a single isolate (59%). Among morphospecies encountered in more than one leaf (nonsingletons), we found evidence of host preference and spatial heterogeneity using both morphospecies frequencies and presence/absence records. Based on these data, we postulate that tropical endophytes themselves may be hyperdiverse and suggest that extrapolative estimates that exclude them will markedly underestimate fungal species diversity.
A revision of South American Myriophyllum (Haloragaceae) and its repercussions on some Australian and North American species.

The three species of Myriophyllum occurring naturally in South America (M. aquaticum, M. quitense and M. mattogrossensis) are keyed and described. M. quitense is an earlier legitimate name for the plant generally known as M. elatinoides, a species until now thought to extend from South America into North America, New Zealand and Australia. Plants of 'M. elatinoides' in North America and Australia have been critically re-examined, and the status of closely related taxa has been reconsidered. It has been found that, in North America, M. quitense exists as two isolated populations in Arizona and Oregon. The status of M. spicatum, M. exalbescens and M. magdalenense, the three previously described species of the 'elatinoides' complex is discussed, and it is suggested that two varieties should be recognized, M. spicatum var. spicatum and M. spicatum var. exalbescens. M. magdalenense is considered to be a minor variant of M. spicatum var. spicatum. Aus- tralian plants known until now as M. elatinoides are shown to be distinct from M. quitense, and to constitute three new species, M. salsugineum, M. caput-medusae and M. porcatum, which are here described.
The Effects of Destination Marketing on Tourism Performance in West Pokot County

Tourism is an ever-growing service industry with great development potential. It has become one of the most important drivers of socio-economic development worldwide and has attracted interest for research. Many nations rely on tourism industry as a key source for foreign exchange, private sector growth, infrastructure development, and poverty alleviation in terms of employment opportunities and improvement of the welfare of the people in tourist destinations. According to United Nation World Tourism Organization, development agencies and policymakers are increasingly advocating tourism as an effective way to reduce poverty in least-developed countries. However, lack of proper marketing strategies is a challenge in many county governments, posing further challenge in tourism performance. The general objective of the study was to assess the effect of destination marketing on tourism performance in West Pokot County. Specifically, the study sought to establish the influence of awareness creation, developing new markets, advertising and branding on tourism performance in west Pokot County. To achieve these objectives, descriptive research design was used. Target population consisted of employees of hotels, officials of tour firms and officers in the ministry of tourism in the County Government of West Pokot. Purposive sampling technique was used and a total of 41 respondents selected. Data was collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study established that 41.8 % of the changes in tourism performance in West Pokot County was attributed to destination marketing. The P- value was 0.000 indicating that destination marketing had a significant influence on tourism performance of west Pokot County. The study recommends that destination marketing should be promoted by all the stakeholders involved and the funds allocated to destination marketing should be increased. This will promote the performance of tourism since destination marketing increases awareness among domestic and foreign tourists.
Soil carbon and nitrogen pools in mid- to late-successional forest stands of the northwestern United States: potential impact of fire

When sampling woody residue (WR) and organic matter (OM) present in forest floor, soil wood, and surface mineral soil (0–30 cm) in 14 mid- to late-successional stands across a wide variety of soil types and climatic regimes in the northwestern USA, we found that 44%–84% of carbon (C) was in WR and surface OM, whereas >80% of nitrogen (N) was in the mineral soil. In many northwestern forests fire suppression and natural changes in stand composition have increased the amounts of WR and soil OM susceptible to wildfire losses. Stands with high OM concentrations on the soil surface are at greater risk of losing large amounts of C and N after high-severity surface fires. Using the USDA Forest Service Regional Soil Quality Standards and Guidelines, we estimate that 6%–80% of the pooled C to a mineral-soil depth of 30 cm could be lost during a fire considered detrimental to soil productivity. These estimates will vary with local climatic regimes, fire severity across the burned area, the size and decay class of W.
Benefits of familiarity persist after prolonged isolation in guppies

The persistence of familiarity in the Trinidadian guppy Poecilia reticulata, reunited after prolonged periods of separation, was studied and benefits of this association were tested. Choice experiments following 5 weeks of isolation confirmed that the fish continued to prefer familiar group mates. Furthermore, guppies emerged more rapidly from a shelter in the presence of a familiar individual from which they had been isolated, as opposed to a completely unfamiliar individual. This experiment indicated that the benefits associated with the exploration of new surroundings in the presence of familiar fish were not transitory, and could persist over time periods that allow for shoal mixing and re-assembly, or movement out of the home range.
Morphometric relationships and energy allocation in the apical rosette galls of Solidago altissima (Asteraceae) induced by Rhopalomyia solidaginis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

Gravid females of Rhopalomyia solidaginis Lw. oviposit on the vegetative shoot buds of Solidago altissima L. , and their emerging larvae induce the development of conspicuous, rosette galls with varying numbers of larval chambers per gall. Most galls have only one larval chamber, whereas some have 2-12 chambers. These differences in the number of larval chambers per gall result in variability in the dimensions of galls. Gall populations from several old fields of central Pennsylvania were harvested to assess the morphometric relationships within galls of various numbers of larval chambers, energy allocation pattern among gall components, and host-plant energy allocation to the galls. We found that the normal stem diameter, a measure of host-plant vigor, is a predictor of gallmaker performance. Also, gall sizes likely vary because the gall midges differ in their ability to induce galls but primarily because of variation in the number of larvae per gall and in the quality of different host genotypes. We also found that the strong relationship between the number of larval chambers and the gall stem diameter indicated the stimulation of the goldenrod genotype to create a strong resource base for accommodating the gall. However, our results suggest the possibility of competition among siblings (when the gall houses multiple larvae) for host-plant resources. Our energy estimates reinforce the role of host-plant quality in determining the gall quality.
Assessment of Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Yield and Quality Traits in Indica Tropical Japonica Derived Lines

Globally 723.15 million tonnes of paddy was harvested from 160.45 million hectares with average productivity of 4.51 tonnes per hectare (World Rice Statistics, 2018). India is the world’s second top rice producer after China with a production of 109 million tonnes (Milled rice) in an area of 43.5 million hectares and with a productivity of 3.76tonnes International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 4 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Temperature Relations of Germination in Acer platanoides L. Seeds

The aim of this study was to describe the effect of temperature on the germination response of Acer platanoides L. seeds and the possible influence of dormancy. Moist chilled seeds (fruits) from eight trees were germinated at eight constant temperatures from 3 to 32C for 30 days. The highest germination was obtained at temperatures below 10C and the highest rate of germination was between 22 and 28C. The critical lower temperature for germination was estimated to be -2.6C, and the critical upper temperature between 30 and 35C. Temperatures above 10-15C increasingly inhibited the germination of seeds. Some of the non-germinated seeds were able to germinate after a second chilling period, possibly as a consequence of further release of primary dormancy and an indicated secondary dormancy. Seed survival decreased with increasing temperatures above 15C. The rate of germination was correlated with the accumulated thermal time at suboptimal temperatures. In conclusion, a constant temperature of 10C is recommended for testing the germination of seeds of A . platanoides.
Las cooperativas de viviendas en régimen de cesión de uso: ¿una alternativa real a la vivienda en propiedad y en alquiler en España?

La crisis financiera internacional, motivada por la expansión de la vivienda en propiedad y la falta de regulación de los préstamos hipotecarios irresponsables, ha afectado de manera relevante a algunos países europeos, como España, en particular en el acceso a una vivienda asequible en propiedad o en alquiler. Esto ha motivado el auge del denominado co-housing o vivienda colaborativa como una vía novedosa para acceder a una vivienda, que en España se ha implementado principalmente gracias a las cooperativas de viviendas en régimen de cesión de uso. El presente trabajo explora de qué manera este modelo puede constituir una alternativa a las tenencias inmobiliarias tradicionales en España, la vivienda en propiedad y en alquiler, es decir, si puede crear un tercer mercado de tenencia inmobiliaria otorgando la debida seguridad jurídica, flexibilidad y asequibilidad o se trata de una vía alternativa que, por el momento, no puede generalizarse. Para ello se abordan y se analizan los principales problemas que se detectan en la actualidad partiendo de su configuración legal en el ámbito estatal y autonómico, con algunas referencias al derecho comparado.
Microbial and classical food webs: A visit to a hypertrophic lake

Plankton community structure and fluxes of carbon for bacteria (production and bacterivory) were investigated in the urban, hypertrophic Lake Rod6 (Uruguay) using a short time interval for sampling (5-15 d) during one year. The lake sustains a high phytoplankton biomass (up to 335 pg I- ’ chlorophyll a) always dominated by the filamentous cyanobacteria PZunktot/zrti agardhii. The zooplankton community was numerically dominated by rotifers and ciliates; cladocerans were rare during most of the year. The rotifer abundance was very high (up to lo5 individual 1 _ ’ ), the bacterivorous Anurueopsis fissa being the most abundant species. Predation rates of heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF) on bacteria (range: 31-130 bacteria HNF-1 h- ‘) were higher than those reported in the literature for field studies. A carbon budget showed that HNF can consume on average 91 and 76% of the bacterial carbon production in summer and winter, respectively. Bacterial turnover times are the lowest reported until now from field conditions (5 to 42 h). Consequently, bacterial carbon production was extremely high (72 to 1071 pg C 1-l d- ‘). Bacterial production was positively correlated to bacterial abundance but the relationship was significantly improved by the inclusion of temperature (82% variability explained). My results support the general trend for increased bacterial production with increasing trophic status, and suggest a lower energy transfer efficiency to higher trophic levels in hypertrophic lakes due to the many trophic interactions involved.
Population Cycles of Western Tent Caterpillars: Experimental Introductions and Synchrony of Fluctuations

To test several of the hypotheses to explain population cycles of forest Lepidoptera, it must be known if the decline phase is related to the local history of the insect population, and if population declines are synchronous among populations in a geographic region. To determine if out-of-phase population cycles could be initiated ex- perimentally, egg masses of western tent caterpillars, Malacosoma californicum pluviale, were introduced to seven sites of low caterpillar density during the increase and peak phases of population fluctuation. The beginning of the decline phase occurred in 1986 in most introduced and source populations, but was delayed until 1987 in three populations initiated from egg-mass introductions in 1984 or 1985. Regardless of the history of the population, or the size and species of food-plant trees, all populations were very low by 1988. In 1986, the year of peak density at most sites, early larval survival was good, but was significantly better for introduced populations. Survival of fifth-instar caterpillars was generally poor for source populations but was significantly better for introduced populations. Survival of pupae was poor in both source and introduced populations. The causes of pupal mortality varied among populations. The pattern of change in fecundity and survival of western tent caterpillar over the population cycle includes the following characteristics: (1) increasing fecundity with in- creasing density, (2) relatively good survival of early instar caterpillars in the first year of the decline, but poor survival of late instars and pupae, (3) reduced survival of early instar caterpillars, and decreasing fecundity as the population decline progresses, (4) variation in the pattern of population increase among sites, but synchronous declines that were delayed by 1 yr in three of seven introduced populations. The relatively good survival of early-instar caterpillars, and the increase in three in- troduced populations while other populations were declining, argue against poor weather or asynchrony between hatching of eggs and leaf development as explanations of the cyclic decline. The possible influence of nuclear polyhedral virus on the survival and fecundity of tent caterpillars over the fluctuation is discussed.