Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immunoprecipitation of crz,-Adrenergic Receptor-GTP-binding Protein Complexes Using GTP-binding Protein Selective Antisera

The nature of the interaction of cloned aZa-adrenergic receptors from LLC-PK1-0 clone cells with G proteins was investigated using an immunoprecipitation approach. Following solubilization of the aZa receptors, antiserum 8730, which is directed against the C-terminal region of Gia, immunoprecipitated aZa receptorGia complexes. The immunoprecipitation was specific since it could be blocked by the peptide to which antiserum 8730 was generated. Antisera 3646 (anti-Gial), 1521 (anti-Gi,z), and 1518 (anti-G,,,) immunoprecipitated solubilized aza receptor-Gi, complexes, indicating that all three Gi, subtypes couple with the aZa receptor. Antiserum 9072, which is directed against the C-terminal region of G,, immunoprecipitated solubilized aZa receptor-(;, complexes indicating that these receptors are also coupled to Goa. Antiserum 8132, which is directed against immunoprecipitated solubilized aza receptors while the GB35 antiserum 8129, did not, indicating that aZa receptors selectively associate with Ggsa. The binding of the partial agonist p-aminoclonidine to the solubilized aZa receptor alters the association of the receptor with G proteins. Following paminoclonidine binding to the solubilized aZa receptor, the ability of the C-terminal directed G, antisera 8730 and 9072 to coimmunoprecipitate the aza receptor-(;, complex was greatly reduced. The effect of p-aminoclonidine was concentration dependent, mimicked by the full agonist UK 14304 and blocked by the a2 receptor antagonist yohimbine. In contrast, antisera directed against internal regions of Gi, and G,, immunoprecipitated the agonist-bound and agonist-free aZa receptor equally well. These findings indicate that following the binding of agonists to the asa receptor, Gi, and Go, remain physically associated with the receptor but either the conformation of G, linked to the receptor or the conformation of the receptor itself is modified such that the epitope for the C-terminal directed antiGi, and anti-Go, antisera are not accessible. These agonist-induced conformational changes in the aZa receptor-G, complex may be important for the activation of the G protein and the stimulation of the aZa receptor signal transduction pathway.
Évolution phonologique des langues et réseaux de neurones : travaux préliminaires (Sound change and neural networks: preliminary experiments )

La prediction de cognats est une tâche clef de la linguistique historique et presente de nombreuses similitudes avec les tâches de traduction automatique. Cependant, alors que cette seconde discipline a vu fleurir l’utilisation de methodes neuronales, celles-ci restent largement absentes des outils utilises en linguistique historique. Dans ce papier, nous etudions donc la performance des methodes neuronales utilisees en traduction (les reseaux encodeur-decodeur) pour la tâche de prediction de cognats. Nous nous interessons notamment aux types de donnees utilisables pour cet apprentissage et comparons les resultats obtenus, sur differents types de donnees, entre des methodes statistiques et des methodes neuronales. Nous montrons que l’apprentissage de correspondances phonetiques n’est possible que sur des paires de cognats, et que les methodes statistiques et neuronales semblent avoir des forces et faiblesses complementaires quant a ce qu’elles apprennent des donnees.
Functional diversity and management mediate aboveground carbon stocks in small forest fragments

Improved landscape connectivity is increasingly considered a viable management strategy to maintain biodiversity, ecosystem functions, and services. How landscape structure affects biodiversity, ecosystem services, and their relationship, however, is still unclear in many cases, including the service of climate regulation. The effects of forest fragmentation on carbon storage remain largely unknown, compounded by uncertainty in both the direction and magnitude of the relationship between carbon storage and biodiversity. We investigated the effects of forest fragmentation and management on carbon stocks and biodiversity in the Monteregie, QC. We quantified total aboveground carbon stocks in 24 small forest fragments of two sizes (∼10 ha, ∼100 ha), and two levels of connectivity, using a combination of satellite data, field-based methods, and allometry. We correlated this data with both woody plant species richness and functional dispersion to determine the relationship between biodiversity and carbon stock.
Assessing indices of growth of Oscar fry (Astronotus ocellatus) fed up with Nauplius of Artemia enriched with MOS extracted from yeast cell wall (Saccharomyces cervisiae)

This research has been done at biochemistry laboratory at Islamic Azad university of Lahijan for 8 weeks, with the aim of determining the effect of different levels of Mannan Oligosaccharides prebiotic (MOS) and prebiotic of yeast cell wall on index of growth survival rate (SR), of Oscar fry (Astronus ocellatus). After a week of adaptation with culture condition, one hundred Oscar fries with average weight of 0.35gr were randomly fed up into 4 aquariums of 60 liters regarding water temperature of 10% of biomass. In this experiment by separating MOS from prebiotic of yeast cell wall and enriching Nauplius of Artemia with prebiotic MOS at 4 levels of 0 ( control group), 250, 500, 750 mg /l (with three replicate) equal to 21 days the Oscar fries were fed up, and from the beginning of the fourth week till the end of eighth week by adding prebiotic of yeast cell wall at four levels of 0 (control group), 1%, 2% and 3% (with three replicate) to the first food of Oscar fry (Biomar) was designed. At the end of a period indices of growth such as weight gain average (WG), indices of specific growth rate (SGR), final biomass (FB) and final length (FL) at 2 and 3 % levels was more than the 0% (control group) and 1% levels, and significant statistical difference has been observed (p 0.05). Average daily growth and percent of weight gain (WG) between treatments was more than the control group and at 3% level was more than the control group and other treatments were shown significant between the treatments (p 0.05). Survival rate at all treatments was more than the control group and has significant difference with the control group (p<0.05).
Ultrastructure of bacterial penetration in plants.

Successful infection of a host plant by a pathogen involves the movement of the pathogen toward the host, attachment of the pathogen to the plant surface, penetration of the host by the pathogen, and the proliferation of the pathogen inside the host immediately following entrance. Thus, the motility of plant­ pathogenic bacteria (63), as well as the aerotaxis and chemotaxis of bacteria toward plant exudates and leachates (10,21,65), helps bacteria land on host plants. Electric charges (45) and surface structures of the plant and bacteria (29, 42, 74) determine the recognition and adsorption between host and bacteria. Bacterial proliferation following entrance aids establishment of bacteria in infection courts. For a general account of these phases of the infection process, the reader is referred to reviews by Goodman (27, 28) and Billing (7). This review focuses primarily on spatial relationships and ul­ trastructural interactions between bacteria and host tissues at sites of infection with special emphasis on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmis­ sion electron microscopy (TEM) of the movement of bacteria from the outside to the inside of a plant tissue.
Study and analysis the effect of variable applied voltage on SCIM performances based on FEA

Study and analysis the effect of variable applied voltage on SCIM performances based on FEA is presented. Three phase squirrel cage induction motor SCIM has been investigated and numerically simulated using finite element method (FEM) with the aid of ANSYS software (RMxprt and Maxwell 2D/3D). This research presents study and analysis of the effects of the voltage variation on performance and efficiency of the three-phase induction motor of the squirrel cage type. The Finite Elements Analysis Method FEA is used as one of the best methods for analysis and simulation of electrical motors in addition to the possibility of dealing with nonlinear equations, Since the induction motor is a complex electromagnetic reaction, the researchers used the ANSYS program to represent and analyze the performance of the motor under variable supply voltage. The case studied in this research is three phases, 380V, 50Hz, 2.2kW, induction motor that widely use in industrial application. The aim of this research is to study the effect of voltage variation on efficiency, current value, power factor and torque of SCIM. The RMxprt software has been used for modeling and simulating the induction motor and calculating the values of phases currents, input and output power in additional of overall efficiency at steady state condition. The next stage of the research is creating Maxwell 2-D design from the base model of RMxprt software, Maxwell 2-D model has the ability to computing the distribution of magnetic field and explaining the performance under steady-state operation. The obtained results show significant reduction of motor performance due to the effect of variation of apply voltage.
Estimation of breeding values for functional productive life in the Slovak Holstein population

Genetic evaluation of length of functional productive life was carried out using a Weibull propor - tional hazard sire-maternal grandsire model. The database included 405 624 Holstein cows with 19.24% censor - ing. The analyzed effects were parity × stage of lactation, within-herd standard deviations of milk production, herd × year × season interaction, change of herd size with respect to the previous year, age at first calving, and sire and maternal-grandsire effects. Parity × stage of lactation had the most important influence on functional productive life. The results of the analysis confirmed more intensive selection at the beginning of each lacta - tion, whereby the risk ratio increased with each other lactation. Heritability of functional productive life was 0.13 on the original scale. Breeding values of sires were expressed as relative breeding values with a mean of 100 and genetic standard deviation of 12.
The Orchids: Natural History and Classification

This lively examination of the structure, classification, evolution, and ecology of the Orchidaceae will appeal to anyone with an eye for beauty or a bent for natural history. It will provide professional biologists and amateur orchidists alike with a deeper understanding--and a thoroughly new classification--of this, the largest flowering family in the plant kingdom. The book is richly illustrated, with 95 color photographs and 99 line drawings emphasizing orchid morphology. But in the context of serious orchidology, aesthetic richness is not a superficial vanity. It is the result of evolutionary processes that demand adaptation and reward diversity, and Dressler's exploration of these mechanisms demonstrates how well the orchids have met the challenge, with over 20,000 species, a geographical range from Sweden to Tierra del Fuego, and, at times, as many as 47 different species on a single tree. But both the orchids' success and their profligate beauty are grounded, in part, in their voluptuary nature, and one of Dressler's most engaging themes is the reproductive adaptations, worthy of a Renaissance courtesan, that orchids use to attract, deceive, and manipulate pollinating insects. The orchid family is actively evolving, providing rich possibilities for comparative study. Yet no one, whether professional or amateur, could reasonably proceed without first addressing Robert Dressler's "The Orchids," Its new classification alone, including pollination biology, phyletic trends, chromosome counts, and generic relationships, will stand as a watershed contribution to the field.
Gravitational Waves and Helicity in Undoped Graphene

The behavior of a monolayer undoped graphene sheet in presence of a weak gravitational wave is discussed. In the low‐energy limit, the linear dispersion of the energy levels near the Dirac points can be ascribed to massless excitations obeying a Dirac equation in a 2+1D spacetime. Starting from a 2+1 dimensional (2+1D) Lagrangian, the equations of motion for the electron (hole) wavefunction in the graphene sheet are deduced and solved. The Bogolubov coefficients are then obtained and the gravitationally induced amplitude of the electron–hole pair excitations is evaluated. The typical quadrupolar distribution of the pair creation probability appears rotated by a π/4 angle in the plane of the graphene sheet, when compared to the case of a confined 2+1D massless scalar field in the same gravitational background. Such behavior can be understood taking into account the role of helicity in graphene during the interaction with the gravitational wave. Although very small, the effect offers an interesting example of interaction at nanoscale between a non‐trivial quantum system and a time‐dependent gravitational background. The strong analogy between the quantum theoretical description of the graphene physics and the standard quantum field theory can also suggest a similar analysis in different physical contexts.
Does previous experience enhance foraging on a particular host in a polyphagous frugivore?

Prior oviposition or feeding experience with a host plant has been proposed to improve foraging efficiency for polyphagous insect herbivores. Many laboratory‐based experiments have attributed certain modified behavioural responses, such as an improved ability to locate a host, as evidence for the benefits of learning. However, few studies have considered the negative ramifications of learning, particularly under field conditions rather than laboratory conditions. In the current study, using the polyphagous fruit fly Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae), we explore both the positive and negative consequences of modified host selection resulting from prior oviposition experience. In field cage experiments, prior oviposition experience on a given host increased the selection of that host despite its abundance and its suitability for offspring development. For example, in a field cage that contained significantly more blueberry (poor larval host) than guava (good larval host), prior experience on guava resulted in more flies selecting and accepting guava than did naïve flies (a presumed positive foraging outcome). However, the opposite also held, that prior experience on blueberry led to increased blueberry use, even when guava was more abundant. In unrestrained flies, prior experience dramatically improved recapture rate with flies locating the training fruit. The results highlight the potential benefits of learning, but also identify that learning can be a disadvantage if prior experience on a poor host leads to flies repeatedly using that host over a more suitable host.
Putative biomarkers for early detection of mastitis in cattle

Context Mastitis is an inflammation of mammary gland parenchyma, and is an unending cause of economic loss to the dairy industry. The interest in research on biomarker discovery for the diagnosis of bovine mastitis stems largely from the need to identify reliable biomarkers. Aim To determine the putative biomarkers of mastitis by using bioinformatics analysis, and experimental validation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress biomarkers of the mammary gland in healthy and diseased animals. Methods Various in silico analysis tools were applied to screen for gene expression in mastitis. Milk, as well as blood samples, was collected aseptically from the animals, which were then classified into three groups; namely, clinical, subclinical and control. Samples were subjected to assay of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative biomarkers using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits and the prescribed methodology respectively. Key results In silico analysis revealed that mastitis reduces the expression of fat metabolism and immune system-related genes, whereas it increased the expression of inflammatory genes. On laboratory analysis of cytokines and acute phase protein, it was revealed that interleukin-1∝, interleukin-8 and haptoglobin were significantly (P < 0.01) increased in both blood serum and milk whey in subclinical and clinical mastitis cows. On analysis of oxidative biomarkers, our results showed that oxidative stress was significantly (P < 0.05) increased with progression of mastitis in dairy cows. There was a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the blood serum level of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, and a decrease in the level of anti-oxidant enzymes – glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase – compared with healthy animals. Conclusion In conclusion, bioinformatics analysis of high-throughput gene expression revealed the involvement of multiple pathways, including the inflammatory pathway, fatty acid pathway and triglyceride synthesis pathway, in mastitis. Experimental validation confirmed that interleukin-8 and haptoglobin are putative early diagnostic markers for mastitis in dairy cattle. This study also concluded that milk can be used for the detection of cytokines as a non-invasive technique.
An annotated checklist of the Orthoptera (Saltatoria) of Cyprus

For the first time a critical, annotated checklist of the Orthoptera of Cyprus is published. All relevant literature was evaluated and data from other sources, in particular specimens gathered by Jos Tilmans (IX-X.2005), as well as my own data (V.2002) were included. Altogether 86 species have been reported from Cyprus. Twenty of these were deleted because of doubtful or wrong data. Three species are reported here for the first time for Cyprus: Oecanthus dulcisonans, Chorthippus bornhalmi and Dociostaurus (Kazakia) jagoi. The 66 species of Cyprus contain one endemic genus (Exodrymadusa), eleven endemic species and four endemic subspecies. It is argued that Modicogryllus cyprius is a valid species, based on the morphology of the epiphallus and analysis of song. For the first time an illustration of the epiphallus of Pyrgomorpha cypria is published. Zusammenfassung Erstmalig wird mit der vorliegenden Arbeit eine kommentierte Checkliste der Heuschrecken von Zypern veroffentlicht. Dafur wurde die gesamte Fachliteratur ausgewertet. Die Heuschreckenfunde von Jos Tilmans (IX-X.2005) und meine eigene Funde (V.2002) sind in die Auswertung einbezogen worden. Insgesamt 86 Arten sind fur Zypern bislang publiziert worden. Davon wurden zwanzig Arten wegen zweifelhafter oder falscher Angaben verworfen. Drei Arten werden erstmalig fur Zypern nachgewiesen: Oecanthus dulcisonans, Chorthippus bornhalmi und Dociostaurus (Kazakia) jagoi. Unter den 66 Arten von Zypern finden sich eine endemische Gattung (Exodrymadusa), elf endemische Arten und vier endemische Unterarten. Basierend auf der Morphologie des Epiphallus und der Analyse des Gesangs wird die Auffassung vertreten, dass es sich bei Modicogryllus cyprius um eine gultige Art handelt. Erstmalig wird eine Zeichung des Epiphallus von Pyrgomorpha cypria veroffentlicht.
Mortality prediction in critically ill patients using machine learning score

Scoring tools are often used to predict patient severity of illness and mortality in intensive care units (ICU). Accurate prediction is important in the clinical setting to ensure efficient management of limited resources. However, studies have shown that the scoring tools currently in use are limited in predictive value. The aim of this study is to develop a machine learning (ML) based algorithm to improve the prediction of patient mortality for Malaysian ICU and evaluate the algorithm to determine whether it improves mortality prediction relative to the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS II) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score (SOFA) scores. Various types of classification algorithms in machine learning were investigated using common clinical variables extracted from patient records obtained from four major ICUs in Malaysia to predict mortality and assign patient mortality risk scores. The algorithm was validated with data obtained from a retrospective study on ICU patients in Malaysia. The performance was then assessed relative to prediction based on the SAPS II and SOFA scores by comparing the prediction accuracy, area under the curve (AUC) and sensitivity. It was found that the Decision Tree with SMOTE 500% with the inclusion of both SAPS II and SOFA score in the dataset could provide the highest confidence in categorizing patients into two outcomes: death and survival with a mean AUC of 0.9534 and a mean sensitivity 88.91%. The proposed ML score were found to have higher predictive power compared with ICU severity scores; SOFA and SAPS II.
Insights from an Integrated View of the Biology of Apple Snails (Caenogastropoda: Ampullariidae)

ABSTRACT Apple snails (Ampullariidae) are among the largest and most ecologically important freshwater snails. The introduction of multiple species has reinvigorated the field and spurred a burgeoning body of research since the early 1990s, particularly regarding two species introduced to Asian wetlands and elsewhere, where they have become serious agricultural pests. This review places these recent advances in the context of previous work, across diverse fields ranging from phylogenetics and biogeography through ecology and developmental biology, and the more applied areas of environmental health and human disease. The review does not deal with the role of ampullariids as pests, nor their control and management, as this has been substantially reviewed elsewhere. Despite this large and diverse body of research, significant gaps in knowledge of these important snails remain, particularly in a comparative framework. The great majority of the work to date concerns a single species, Pomacea canaliculata, which we see as having the potential to become a model organism in a wide range of fields. However, additional comparative data are essential for understanding this diverse and potentially informative group. With the rapid advances in genomic technologies, many questions, seemingly intractable two decades ago, can be addressed, and ampullariids will provide valuable insights to our understanding across diverse fields in integrative biology.
Life history predicts advancement of avian spring migration in response to climate change

An increasing number of studies demonstrate that plant and animal phenologies such as the timing of bird migration have been advancing over the globe, likely as a result of climate change. Even closely related species differ in their phenological responses, and the sources of this variation are poorly established. We used a large, standardized dataset of first arrival dates (FAD) of migratory birds to test the effects of phylogenetic relationships and various life‐history and ecological traits on the degree to which different species adapt to climate change by earlier migration in spring. Using the phylogenetic comparative method, we found that the advancement of FAD was greater in species with more generalized diet, shorter migration distance, more broods per year, and less extensive prebreeding molt. In turn, we found little evidence that FAD trends were influenced by competition for mating (polygamy or extra‐pair paternity) and breeding opportunities (cavity nests). Our findings were robust to several potentially confounding effects. These evolutionary correlations, coupled with the low levels of phylogenetic dependence we found, indicate that avian migration phenology adapts to climate change as a species‐specific response. Our results suggest that the degree of this response is fundamentally shaped by constraints and selection pressures of the species' life history, and less so by the intensity of sexual selection.