Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Improving Global Monthly and Daily Precipitation Estimation by Fusing Gauge Observations, Remote Sensing, and Reanalysis Data Sets

Precipitation estimation at a global scale is essential for global water cycle simulation and water resources management. The precipitation estimation from gauge‐based, satellite retrieval, and reanalysis data sets has heterogeneous uncertainties for different areas at global land. Here, the 13 monthly precipitation data sets and the 11 daily precipitation data sets are analyzed to examine the relative uncertainty of individual data based on the developed generalized three‐cornered hat (TCH) method. The generalized TCH method can be used to evaluate the uncertainty of multiple (>3) precipitation products in an iterative optimization process. A weighting scheme is designed to merge the individual precipitation data sets to generate a new weighted precipitation using the inverse error variance‐covariance matrix of TCH estimated uncertainty. The weighted precipitation is then validated using gauged data with the minimal uncertainty among all the individual products. The merged results indicate the superiority of the weighted precipitation with substantially reduced random errors over individual data sets and a state‐of‐the‐art multisatellite merged product, namely, the Integrated Multi‐Satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement at validated areas. The weighted data set can largely reproduce the interannual and seasonal variations of regional precipitation. The TCH‐based merging results outperform two other mean‐based merging methods at both monthly and daily scales. Overall, the merging scheme based on the generalized TCH method is effective to produce a new precipitation data set integrating information from multiple products for hydrometeorological applications.
Les inhibiteurs de la voie Wnt dans un modèle animal d'insuffisance rénale chronique avec calcification vasculaire

IV Table des matières . V Liste des figures . IX Liste des tableaux . X Liste des abréviations . XI Remerciements . XIII Avant-Propos . XIV Introduction . 1 La régulation du métabolisme phosphocalcique . 1 Le calcitriol . 1 La parathormone . 2 FGF23. 3 α-Klotho . 4 Le métabolisme minéral osseux normal . 4 L’ostéoclaste et la résorption osseuse . 5 L’ostéoblaste et la formation osseuse . 5 L’ostéoblaste et la minéralisation osseuse . 6 Le ratio MEPE/PHEX et la minéralisation osseuse . 7 L’ostéocyte et la régulation du remodelage osseux . 7 La voie Wnt/β-caténine . 8 La voie Wnt/β-caténine . 8 Les ligands Wnt . 9 L’activation de la voie . 9 Le complexe de phosphorylation . 9 L’inactivation du complexe de phosphorylation . 9 Les inhibiteurs de la voie Wnt/β-caténine . 10
Marine n-3 fatty acids and genetic variants in the 5-lipoxygenase pathway: association with myocardial infarction

Several studies have investigated the potential benefits of marine n-3 PUFA in CVD, generally suggesting a lower risk of CHD. However, recent trials have questioned these results. This study investigated the association of fish consumption with dietary intake of marine n-3 PUFA with incident myocardial infarction (MI). In a Danish cohort study, 57053 subjects between 50 and 64 years of age were enrolled from 1993 to 1997. From national registries, we identified all cases of incident MI. Dietary fish consumption was assessed using a semi-quantitative food questionnaire, including twenty-six questions regarding fish intake. In addition, we calculated the intake of total and individual marine n-3 PUFA. During a median follow-up of 17·0 years, we identified 3089 cases of incident MI. For both men and women, a high intake of fatty fish was inversely related to incident MI. Thus, when comparing the highest and the lowest quintile of fatty fish intake, we found a 12%lower relative risk of MI in men (hazard ratio (HR) 0·88; 95%CI 0·77, 1·00) and a 22%lower relative risk in women (HR0·78; 95%CI 0·63, 0·96) after adjustments. For women, similar associations were observed for individual and total marine n-3 PUFA. In contrast, intake of lean fish was not associated with MI. In conclusion, incident MI was inversely related to a high intake of fatty fish, but not lean fish. However, test for trends across quintiles was not statistically significant. In general, this study supports the view that consumption of fatty fish may protect against MI.
Estudo descritivo da mortalidade por câncer de próstata no Estado de São Paulo no período de 1980-2007

objective: Prostate cancer is the second most common neoplasm among men worldwide. This study aimed to examine the trend in mortality rates of prostate cancer among the population in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, from 1980 to 2007. Methods: a descriptive study of temporal series was conducted using mortality data due to prostate cancer between1980 and 2007 in the State of São Paulo. Mortality rates were obtained from the SUS Information System on Mortality (SIM/SUS – DATASUS). The age-specific mortality rates were calculated as well as linear regression and temporal trend analysis. results: It could be observed that mortality increased according to age, being very similar only between the age group 70-79 years and ≥ 80 years (p = 0.047). The mortality peak in the age group 50-79 years occurred at the same time; however, the drop in mortality rates since then has been much more pronounced in the group of 50-59 years. There was a linear increase and direct association between the number of biopsies and the incidence of prostate cancer (r = 0.714, p = 0.024). Conclusions: Prostate cancer is a major cause of mortality in São Paulo and effective screening and treatment measures should be adopted to improve this scenario.
Increasing incidence of the neonatal abstinence syndrome in U.S. neonatal ICUs

In recent years, neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), which commonly occurs after opioid use in pregnant women, has increased, nearly tripling in the United States between 2000 and 2009. There are limited data on the treatment of infants with NAS or changes in neonatal intensive care units. Previous studies have focused on specific geographic areas or used hospital billing records, not infant-specific clinical information, to identify cohorts. This study aims to analyze changes in incidence as well as treatment of infants with NAS in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) across the United States from 2004 to 2013. Data were collected from Pediatrix Clinical Data Warehouse, which includes information from NICUs in 33 states and Puerto Rico. Infants were excluded if they had major congenital anomalies, if they were born before 34 weeks, if they were admitted only for suspected cases or to rule out NAS, or if they had exposure to narcotics but were not diagnosed with NAS. Infants were grouped by year of discharge in 1-year periods. Multiple cross-sectional analyses were performed using general linear regression. A total of 10,327 infants from 299 centers met diagnostic criteria for NAS. The frequency of infants with NAS admitted to NICUs increased from 7 cases per 1000 admissions to 27 cases per 1000 admissions between 2004 and 2013 and increased more rapidly between 2009 and 2013 than between 2004 and 2008. The length of hospital stay also increased from 13 to 19 days between 2004 and 2013, and the number of NICU hospital days attributed to NAS increased from 0.6% in 2004 to 4.0% in 2013 (P < 0.001 for trend). The proportion of infants treated for NAS with pharmacotherapy increased from 74% to 87% (P < 0.001 for trend), and the mean duration of therapy increased (P < 0.001 for trend). Whereas the ratio of days of therapy to NICU days increased (P = 0.004 for trend), the proportion of infants discharged while receiving medications decreased (4% in 2004–2005 vs 2% in 2012–2013, P < 0.001 for trend). The most commonly used medication was morphine, and the proportion of infants on morphine increased from 49% in 2004 to 72% in 2013 (P < 0.001 for trend). Between 2004 and 2013, clonidine use increased, and between 2011 and 2013, methadone use decreased. The study found that between 2012 and 2013, many mothers of affected infants used opioid pain relievers rather than illicit drugs, which is consistent with reports suggesting that increased opioid use in pregnant women is in part causing the increase in the incidence of NAS. The study also found increases in the utilization of resources for infants with NAS in NICUs between 2004 and 2013, and effective strategies for antenatal prevention and postnatal treatment of NAS are needed. These findings also support the need to address the current opioid use and abuse epidemic in the United States. Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and factors associated with kyphosis among pedestrian back-loading women in selected towns of Bench Maji zone, Southwest Ethiopia

Abstract Background: In developing countries including Ethiopia, it is common to see women carrying heavy loads on their back. Musculoskeletal pain and deformities are expected to be higher when there is heavy physical work. Many women lead their lives by selling heavy fire woods to residents in urban areas by back loading. This may have an impact on musculoskeletal health. Objective: The main objective of this study was to assess prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and factors associated with kyphosis among pedestrian back-loading women in Bench-Maji zone. Methods: The study was conducted in Bench Maji zone, Southwest Ethiopia from January to March 2016. Cross-sectional study design was employed. The sample size was calculated to be 422. Four towns found in the zone were selected to identify women who sell fire woods by carrying it on their back. Women were selected by using convenience sampling technique. Standardized questionnaire was used to collect data on musculoskeletal pain. Checklist was used to diagnose kyphosis. Cleaned and coded data was entered in to Epidata 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with kyphosis. Results: Among 422 participants who were involved in this study 173(41%) were in the age range of 19-34 years. In this study, majority 340(80.6%) of the study participants were protestants. Regarding the educational status, majority 339(80.3%) of the participants were unable to read and write. Majority of the study participants were from Mizan town (50.2%). Regarding musculoskeletal pain, this study indicated that the prevalence of upper back pain, lower back pain, shoulder pain, elbow pain, wrist pain, knee pain and feet pain were 67.3%, 60.4%, 68.2%, 47.2%, 36.7%, 46.9% and 44.1% respectively. The prevalence of kyphosis was 59.7%. The odds of kyphosis was higher among age greater than 40 years (AOR= 1.91: 95% CI 1.03, 3.54) and those worked for more than 10 years (AOR= 2.15: 95% CI 1.01, 4.61) than their counter parts. Town where they come to sell fire wood was also significantly associated with kyphosis. Conclusion: The prevalence of musculoskeletal pain was high. Age, town and duration of work were significantly associated with kyphosis. Thus, it needs attention from concerned bodies. [Ethiop. J. Health Dev. 2017;31(2):103-109] Key Words: Musculoskeletal pain, Kyphosis, Back loading, Ethiopia
Financial Literacy of Bidikmisi Scholarship Recipient Students

This study aims to analyze the level of financial literacy of Bidikmisi scholarship recipients in the Teacher Training and Education Faculty of the University of Riau. This study involved 178 students as samples taken from a population of 630 students using the Cochran sampling technique. This research is a survey research. Data obtained through tests were analyzed descriptively. The results of the study show that the financial literacy of the Bidikmisi Scholarship recipient students is in the literate category. Financial knowledge related to basic personal finance is in the well literate category, financial management knowledge is in the literate category, knowledge of debt and credit is in the well literate category, knowledge related to savings and investment is in the unliterate category, and knowledge of risk management is in the unliterate category.
THE DYNAMICS OF COUNSELLING AS A VICTIM MANAGEMENT STRATEGY IN CASES OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN INDIA

Purpose of the study: The purpose of the study is to bring forward the ground realities regarding the practice of counselling which was considered to be a sine qua non under the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005. The study reveals the actuality of how counselling remains an alien concept to the victims of marital abuse indicating that counselling is rarely done by the Protection Officers and as a consequence, the victims remain both ignorant as well as fail to reap the benefit of this method of resolution. Methodology: A plausible combination of doctrinal and empirical research is adopted. Doctrinal and empirical research involves in-depth study and analysis of available information in an attempt to explain the complex phenomenon. Through comparative analysis, proper reasoning has been tried to be brought to decode the practice of counselling in various states of India. The empirical research involves data collection from four different stakeholders such as; Judiciary, victims and Public. Modus operandi: Observation, questionnaire, interviews. Result: Through this paper, the authors have brought out the reality behind the policymaking and the implementation aspect of the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, in the State of West Bengal. The research was conducted throughout six districts of West Bengal, especially focusing on the method of ‘counselling. ’ The result that came out of the study revealed the lack of awareness of the victims about the practice of counselling’ and also that ‘counselling’ being the least favored relief granted by judicial officers. While on the other hand, the data on protection officers revealed their belief in the practice of ‘counselling’ which according to them helps in curbing the menace of domestic abuse. Implications: The study brings to light the gap between the provisions of the law under the PWDVA, 2005, and its practice in actual cases, particularly in West Bengal and requires a re-visit by the policymakers to reconsider the grand ideas set out in the Act and their practical implementations in our society. Novelty: The study was conducted in six districts of West Bengal, and is a first of its kind. The questionnaires have been prepared by the authors themselves and the answers have been obtained by personal visits to all the stakeholders mentioned in the article. A research of this kind has not been conducted previously in the State of West Bengal, making the data collection and analysis original. Apart from the field research, the researchers have referred to various primary and secondary documents to understand the background of the phenomenon of domestic abuse, for which reference has been given.
Starch/Poly(glycerol-adipate) Nanocomposites: A Novel Oral Drug Delivery Device

Biocompatible and bio-based materials are an appealing resource for the pharmaceutical industry. Poly(glycerol-adipate) (PGA) is a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer that can be used to produce self-assembled nanoparticles (NPs) able to encapsulate active ingredients, with encouraging perspectives for drug delivery purposes. Starch is a versatile, inexpensive, and abundant polysaccharide that can be effectively applied as a bio-scaffold for other molecules in order to enrich it with new appealing properties. In this work, the combination of PGA NPs and starch films proved to be a suitable biopolymeric matrix carrier for the controlled release preparation of hydrophobic drugs. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) was used to determine the size of drug-loaded PGA NPs, while the improvement of the apparent drug water solubility was assessed by UV-vis spectroscopy. In vitro biological assays were performed against cancer cell lines and bacteria strains to confirm that drug-loaded PGA NPs maintained the effective activity of the therapeutic agents. Dye-conjugated PGA was then exploited to track the NP release profile during the starch/PGA nanocomposite film digestion, which was assessed using digestion models mimicking physiological conditions. The collected data provide a clear indication of the suitability of our biodegradable carrier system for oral drug delivery.
Research on the Key Technologies of Motor Imagery EEG Signal Based on Deep Learning

Brain-computer interface (BCI) is an emerging area of research that establishes a connection between the brain and external devices in a completely new way. It provides a new idea about the rehabilitation of brain diseases, human-computer interaction and augmented reality. One of the main problems of implementing BCI is to recognize and classify the motor imagery Electroencephalography(EEG) signals effectively. This paper takes the motor imagery feature data of EEG as the research object to conduct the research of multi-classification method. In this study, we use the Emotiv helmet with 16 biomedical sensors to obtain EEG signal, adopt the fast independent component analysis and the fast Fourier transform to realize signal preprocessing and select the common spatial pattern algorithm to extract the features of the motor imagery EEG signal. In order to improve the accuracy of recognition of EEG signal, a new deep learning network is designed for multi-channel self-acquired EEG data set which is named as min-VGG-LSTMnet in this paper. The network combines Long Short-Term Memory Network with convolutional neural network VGG and achieves the four-class task of the left-hand, right-hand, left-foot and right-foot lifting movements based on motor imagery. The results show that the accuracy of the proposed classification method is at least 8.18% higher than other mainstream deep learning methods.
Analisis Kualitas Auditor, Leverage Dan Persentase Saham Initial Public Offering Terhadap Earnings Management Perusahaan Go Public

AbstractThe action of corporate management to intervene in the process of drafting financial statements is an act of dysfunctional behavior that will affect the enhancement of personal welfare management and The company's employees and the value of its leadership. This research aims to test and prove empirically the cause and influence of earnings management in the company that go public after the enactment of Accounting and Auditing Enforcement Release (AAER) by Security Exchange Commission (SEC). The variables tested were reputation Auditor, Leverage and stock percentage of Initial Public Offering (IPO) at the company that go Public on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2000 to 2004. The method of analysis used is multiple regression that previously done testing through several stages. Results show that the leverage variable significantly affects earnings management. This indicates that the debt that is the source of external funds used to finance the business continuity is strongly associated with earnings management.
Physiology and Pathology of Neuroimmunology: Role of Inflammation in Parkinson’s Disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects 1% of the popu - lation aged 65 and over and is the second most common neurodegenerative disease next to Alzheimer’s disease. Interneuronal proteinaceous inclusions called Lewy bod - ies (LB) and a selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNPC) are the main features of PD pathology. The most common clinical manifestations are rigidity, tremor, bradykinesia, postural instability, sleep disorders, alterations in gait, smell, memory, and dementia. Genetic and environmental factors are involved in PD, and, recently, oxidative stress, proteasome-mediated protein deg -radation, and inflammation have acquired relevance as major mechanisms of neuronal dysfunction. Increased levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the brain con tribute to greater vulnerability of proteins to nitro-oxidative modification and to greater degrees of aggregation. These protein aggregates contain a variety of proteins of which α-synuclein appears to be the main structural component. Interestingly, α-synuclein can be secreted by neuronal cells and may lead the initiation and the maintenance of inflammatory events through the activation of microglia, which contributes to dopa - minergic neuron depletion. New evidence also suggests that PD may be the result of an autoimmune response in which the immune cells recognize the neurons as foreign elements and would act against them, causing their death. in patients without a clear genetic inheritance, pathogenic mechanisms have been more difficult to understand, and a number of factors, including environmental toxins, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction.
The effect of bromhexine, gentamicin and imipenem on biofilm of standard bacterial Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by ELISA method

Background: Biofilms are a collection of microorganisms that have the ability to stick to different levels. Due to the difficulty of treatment of bacterial biofilm infections and their lack of recognition by conventional diagnostic methods, this study aimed to provide a new method of identification and the effect of related drugs on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli biofilms. Materials and methods: In this study, two strains of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used. Using the microplate method, gentamicin and imipenem combined with bromhexine and also bromhexine alone with different dilutions were used on the biofilm of these bacteria. Then results read out using ELISA reader. Results: Bromhexine alone and without combining with other substances or types of antibiotics had a positive effect on preventing the formation of biofilms and bacterial adhesion, and reduced Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli in the biofilm. Conclusion: Biofilm has been able to grow significantly, despite the use of strong antibiotics such as imipenem and gentamicin. Its existence in the body, or devices such as urethral catheters, cardiac artificial valves or other artificial organs, causes a significant disorder within immune system.
The generalist herbivore Tetranychus urticae (Koch) adapts to novel plant hosts through rapid evolution of metabolic resistance

Abstract Genetic adaptation, occurring over long evolutionary time, enables host-specialized herbivores to develop novel resistance traits and to counteract the defenses of a narrow range of host plants. In contrast, physiological acclimation, leading to the suppression and/or detoxification of host defenses is hypothesized to enable generalists to shift between plant hosts. Here, we examined the long-term response of an extreme generalist, the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (TSSM), to the shift to the non-preferred and novel host plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We identified the key requirement of two tiers of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases for TSSM adaptation to Arabidopsis: general xenobiotic-responsive P450s that have a limited contribution to mite adaptation to Arabidopsis and adaptation-associated P450s that efficiently counteract Arabidopsis defenses, illustrating that in about 25 generations of TSSM selection on Arabidopsis plants mites evolved metabolic resistances characteristic of both generalist and specialist herbivores.