Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Computing β-Stretch Paths in Drawings of Graphs

16 Let f be a drawing in the Euclidean plane of a graph G , which is understood to be a 1-dimensional 17 simplicial complex. We assume that every edge of G is drawn by f as a curve of constant algebraic 18 complexity, and the ratio of the length of the longest simple path to the the length of the shortest 19 edge is poly( n ). In the drawing f , a path P of G , or its image in the drawing π = f ( P ), is β -stretch 20 if π is a simple (non-self-intersecting) curve, and for every pair of distinct points p ∈ P and q ∈ P , 21 the length of the sub-curve of π connecting f ( p ) with f ( q ) is at most β k f ( p ) − f ( q ) k , where k . k 22 denotes the Euclidean distance. We introduce and study the β -stretch Path Problem ( β SP for short), 23 in which we are given a pair of vertices s and t of G , and we are to decide whether in the given 24 drawing of G there exists a β -stretch path P connecting s and t . We also output P if it exists. 25 The β SP quantiﬁes a notion of “near straightness” for paths in a graph G , motivated by gerry-26 mandering regions in a map, where edges of G represent natural geographical/political boundaries 27 that may be chosen to bound election districts. The notion of a β -stretch path naturally extends to 28 cycles, and the extension gives a measure of how gerrymandered a district is. Furthermore, we show 29 that the extension is closely related to several studied measures of local fatness of geometric shapes. 30 We prove that β SP is strongly NP-complete. We complement this result by giving a quasi-31 polynomial time algorithm, that for a given ε > 0, β ∈ O (poly(log | V ( G ) | )), and s, t ∈ V ( G ), outputs 32 a β -stretch path between s and t , if a (1 − ε ) β -stretch path between s and t exists in the drawing. 33
Implementation of Housing Price Prediction

- House price forecasting is an important topic of real estate. The literature attempts to drive useful knowledge from historical data of property markets. Machine learning techniques are applied to analyze historical property transaction to discover useful models for house buyers and sellers. Revealed is the high discrepancy between house prices in the most expensive and most affordable suburbs. Moreover, experiments demonstrate that the combination of stepwise and support vector machine that is based on mean squared error measurement is a competitive approach. The goal of the study is through analyzing a real historical transactional dataset to derive valuable insight into the housing market. It seeks useful models to predict the value of a house given a set of its characteristics. Effective model could allow home buyers or real estate agents to make better decisions.
Evaluation and Implementation of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) on a Stand-Alone Power Based Solar Panel

The work seeks to evaluate and implement the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MMPT) on a standalone power based solar panel. The entire system in this work has been modeled on MATLABTM R2017a and SimulinkTM. It focuses on the development, evaluation and implementation of a circuit simulation model for Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of a solar power that involves using buck-boost power converter topology (buck-boost DC/DC converters). A simulation model to extract maximum obtainable solar power from a PV module and using the energy for a DC application was implemented. The simulation model mainly includes three subsystems: a PV model; a buck-boost converter-based MPPT system; and a fuzzy logic MPPT controller. Dynamic analyses of the current-fed buck-boost converter systems are conducted, and results presented. The inputs of the solar PV panel modeled in the study were temperature, solar irradiation, number of solar cells in series and number of rows of solar cells in parallel. The findings of the study revealed that the main hindrance for the penetration and reach of solar PV systems is in their low efficiency and high capital cost. Results from the modeling also show that using the Perturb & Observe MPPT technique increased the efficiency of the photovoltaic system by approximately 111% from an earlier output power of around 90Watts to an obtained output power of around 190Watts. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) significantly increases the efficiency of the solar photovoltaic system. KeywordsMaximum Power Point Tracking; buck-boost DC/DC converters; Perturb & Observe MPPT technique
A SURVEY OF KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARD PREMATURE EJACULATION: A CASE STUDY OF CLIENTS AT MEN’S CLINIC

The aims of this research were to study the knowledge and survey the source of Premature Ejaculation (PE) information, the attitudes toward PE and to describe factors associated with PE knowledge and attitudes such as socio-demographics (age, marital status, educational background) and received information of PE clients at the STI-men’s clinic at Division Bureau of AIDS/TB/STIs, Department of Disease Control (Bang Ruk), Bangkok, Thailand. The subjects included 356 men (aged 18 to 59 year-old) which were selected by simple random sampling. The data were collected by using self-reported questionnaires and analyzed by multiple regression analysis. The result showed that subjects had average age of 35.1 ± 1.07, 56.7% were single, 47.8% had educational level of high school, 51.1% had low level of knowledge, 58.4% had receiving information about PE and 45.7% received information about PE from internet. The factors associated with knowledge of PE were educational higher than high school (β=.20, p<0.001), had received information of PE (β=.16, p<0.001), and attitude of PE (β=.47, p<0.001). These factors were positively, moderately level, and significantly correlated with knowledge toward PE (r=.57, p<.001). The factors associated with attitude were age (β=.12, p<0.05), received information about PE (β=.12, p<0.05), and knowledge of PE (β=.49, p<0.001). These factors were positively, moderately level, and significantly correlated with attitudes toward PE (r=.55, p<.001).
Characterization and optimization of calorific value of low grade coal by statistical experiment and modelling

The effects of environmental factors (temperature, humidity, and airflow) on gross calorific value (GCV) and proximate analysis of low grade coal were systematically investigated. The factorial experiments were conducted according to the statistical experimental design. The results were empirically modeled, statistically tested, and experimentally verified to quantify the change in GCV and proximate analysis of coal directed by environmental factors. The GCV of the coal were most affected by the humidity followed by the temperature. The GCV was increased from 5,365 to 5,986 (kcal/kg) through the decrease in humidity from 80 to 29 (% R.H.) and increase in temperature from 28 to 36 (°C). This increase in GCV could be attributed to the decrease in moisture content of the coal from 16.2 to 7.1 (%). Also, the optimized environmental conditions were identified where GCV ≈ 6,000 kcal/kg of the coal could be obtained. This study can be helpful in (i) managing the variability in GCV of a coal at different places, environment, and weather conditions and, thereby, settling the disputes between buyers and sellers over its variability and (ii) in maintaining the optimum conditions to enhance the GCV of the low grade coal in the power plants.
Internet of Things (IoT) and Emerging Application

Internet of Things (IoT) provides an environment where everything around us is connected and is uniquely identifiable. This pervasive and ubiquitous environment of connectivity can be very conveniently used for collecting information and enabling intelligent decision-making in many applications that we use daily. Use of appropriate sensors in IoT provides capability of sensing any desired type of information from the surroundings including temperature, light, humidity, seismic vibrations, radiation levels, presence or nature of biological organisms, geological features and more. Recent advancements have made it possible to make things (as in IoT) or objects small in size, powerful in processing, and energy efficient for operational longevity. These aspects of IoT are prompting many emerging applications including in the fields of health, transportation, agriculture, energy, and environment. Hence this evolving field of Internet of Things will be interdisciplinary in nature and will certainly provide a platform for individuals from multiple disciplines to work together. This paper presents an attempt to capture the current state of IoT, its emerging applications, the opportunities it offers, and the challenges it poses.
Contrasting sensitivity to extreme winter warming events of dominant sub‐Arctic heathland bryophyte and lichen species

1. Climate change in northern high latitudes is predicted to be greater in winter rather than summer, yet little is known about the effects of winter climate change on northern ecosystems. Among the unknowns are the effects of an increasing frequency of acute, short‐lasting winter warming events. Such events can damage higher plants exposed to warm, then returning cold, temperatures after snow melt, and it is not known how bryophytes and lichens, which are of considerable ecological importance in high‐latitude ecosystems, are affected by such warming events. However, even physiological adaptations of these cryptogams to winter environments in general are poorly understood.
Metabolic capacity of mammalian axons

Brain is one of the body’s most metabolically expensive tissues, and a large proportion of its energy budget (an estimated 35%) goes to restore ionic balances following action potentials [1]. Despite the importance of energy metabolism to neuronal computation, we know little about the metabolic cost of spiking. Metabolic capacity can be estimated by the fraction of cytoplasm occupied by mitochondria. Thus to study the metabolic demand of spike propagation we measured the mitochondrial content of retinal ganglion cell axons. Analyzing electron micrographs, we reconstructed the distribution and volume of mitochondria within the axons, both in the unmyelinated segments (in retina) and in the myelinated segments (in optic nerve). Conventional wisdom states that the main energy cost lies in restoring the Na
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN FERMENTASI TEPUNG KULIT PISANG JANTAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN NEUROSPORA CRASSA TERHADAP DEPOSISI LEMAK AYAM BROILER

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh pemberian fermentasi tepung kulit pisang jantan dengan menggunakan Neurospora crassa terhadap deposisi lemak ayam broiler. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tanggal 5 Mei sampai 9 Juni tahun 2014 di Laboratorium Peternakan dan Laboratorium Lapangan Comercial Zone of Animal Laboratory (CZAL) Jurusan Peternakan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Bengkulu. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan ayam broiler sebanyak 80 ekor. Tahapan penelitian dimulai dari persiapan kandang, pembuatan ferementasi tepung kulit pisang jantan, pemeliharaan ayam selama 36 hari, dan pemotongan. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL), yang setiap ulangan terdapat 4 ekor ayam broiler. Perlakuan tersebut yaitu, P0 = Kontrol, P1 = Menggunakan 5% fermentasi tepung kulit pisang, P2 = Menggunakan 10% fermentasi tepung kulit pisang, P3 = Menggunakan 15% fermentasi tepung kulit pisang, P4 = Menggunakan 20% fermentasi tepung kulit pisang. Hasil sidik ragam menunjukan bahwa pemberian fermentasi tepung kulit pisang jantan dengan menggunakan Neurospora crassa berpengaruh tidak nyata (P>0,05) terhadap lemak abdomen, lemak gizzard, lemak penggantung usus, lemak leher, lemak paha, dan fatty liver score (warna hati). Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian fermentasi tepung kulit pisang jantan dengan menggunakan Neurospora crassa level 20% belum mampu menurunkan lemak abdomen, lemak gizzard, lemak leher, lemak penggantung usus, lemak sartorial (paha), serta fatty liver score (FLS).
Enhanced Solubility of Anti-HER2 scFv Using Bacterial Pelb Leader Sequence

Single chain Fragment variable (scFv) is an antibody fragment consisting variable regions of heavy and light chains. scFvs enhance their penetrability into tissues while maintaining specific affinity and having low immunogenicity. Insoluble inclusion bodies are formed when scFvs are expressed in reducing bacterial cytoplasm. One strategy for obtaining functionally active scFv is to translocate the scFv into the oxidized environment of the periplasm where the possibility for disulfide bond formation is increased. This can be achieved by cloning the gene in a vector containing N-terminal pelB leader peptide that export foreign proteins to the periplasmic space. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of periplasmic localization using pelB leader peptide on the solubility of anti HER2-scFv. Herein, anti HER2-scFv gene was cloned between NcoI and XhoI sites of pET22-b (+) containing pelB leader peptide and in same sites of pET28-b (+) (without pelB). The expression in BL21 (DE3) was induced using IPTG and was analyzed using SDS-PAGE and Western blot experiment. Then, the solubility of anti HER2-scFvin BL21 (DE3) containing both pET22- and pET28-(anti HER2-scFv) was determined. The results of the present study demonstrated that anti HER2-scFv was expressed by both pET22-b (+) and pET28-b (+) vectors in BL21 (DE3). The proper expression of anti-HER2 scFv was confirmed by appearance of a  28 kDa band in Western blot analysis. The most anti HER2-scFv expression from BL21 containing pET28-(anti HER2-scFv) was achieved when it was induced by 0.25 mM IPTG at 37 C, 24 h post-induction. The ratio of soluble/insoluble anti HER2-scFv was significantly higher in BL21 containing pET22-(anti HER2-scFv) than in that containing pET28-(anti HER2-scFv). Totally, fusion of pelB signal sequence to anti HER2-scFv resulted in solubility enhancement. Therefore, production of functional anti HER2-scFv with proper disulfide bond can be achieved by directing the recombinant protein to periplasmic space using pelB signal peptide in pET22 (+) vector.
Ecology Of Infectious Diseases: An Example with Two Vaccine‐Preventable Infectious Diseases

H. Broutin,1 N. Mantilla-Beniers,2 and P. Rohani3 1Unit of Research 165 “Genetics and Evolution of Infectious Diseases,’’ UMR CNRS/IRD 2724, Institute of Research for the Development (IRD), BP 64501 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France 2Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom and Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia,Apartado 14, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portuga 3Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia,Athens, GA 30602, USA
Probable Atrophied Islet Cells Revival after Treatment with Olea Eurpaea and Lepidium Sativum Extracts in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Mice

The simulation of atrophied islet cells of the pancreas, by extracts of Olea eurpaea leaves and Lepidium sativum seeds, in alloxan-induced diabetic mice was evaluated. 35 mice were divided into four groups; Group 1 was given only feed and distilled water throughout the period of the experiment. In Group 3, mice were pretreated with the extract of O. eurpaea leaves for 15 days, whereas Group 4 mice were pretreated with the extract of L. sativum seeds for 15 days. Diabetes was induced in mice of Groups 2, 3, and 4 with 150 mg/kg of body weight of alloxan monohydrate. Group 2 mice were used as the experimental positive control. The results showed a significantly high blood glucose level in Group 2 mice indicating the diabetic state. The blood glucose level of mice in Group 3 and 4 reduced when compared with the value of Group 2 mice. The histopathological examination revealed atrophied islet of Langerhans in Group 2 mice. Groups 3 and 4 showed remarkable reviving islet cells. The results suggest that the crude extract of O. eurpaea leaves and L. sativum seeds has a protective effect against alloxan induced pancreatic damage . This study indicates worth anti-diabetic activity of this plants and recommends the use of herbal drugs for diabetic mellitus treatment .
FUNGOS MICORRÍZICOS ARBUSCULARES EM SOLOS DA RESERVA BIOLÓGICA MUNICIPAL SERRA DOS TOLEDOS, ITAJUBÁ/MG ARBUSCULAR MICORRHIZAL FUNGI IN SOILS FROM MUNICIPAL BIOLOGICAL RESERVE SERRA DOS TOLEDOS, ITAJUBÁ/MG

The City Biological Reserve of ‘Serra dos Toledos’ is an important remaining tropical rain forest in south Minas Gerais statewhich has high biodiversity and water resources. Studies related to soil quality are needed in the reserve management plans, which aim to maintain or to improve the environmental sustainability of these areas. Thus, the purpose of this work was to evaluate the inoculum potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM) in samples of typical soil of that reserve. The quantifcation of propagules of this microbial group that establishes mutualistic symbiosis with most plant species, it is important for assessing the soil quality of the reserve. Three areas inside and one outside the Reserve were set to study, where soil samples were removed at depth 0 to 10 cm, in two seasons, winter 2008 and summer 2009. The samples were sent to the Laboratory of Microbiology of the University of ‘Itajuba’ for quantification of the following
Macroprudential Measures and Taxation in the Housing Markets

The recent financial crisis and subsequent global recession have been followed by a wave of macroprudential measures in the housing market. At the same time, governments have a long tradition of conducting tax policies which encourage households to acquire owner-housing. These tax advantages may be at least partly responsible for the need to regulate borrowing. In terms of policy, the goal should be to identify instruments that reduce the negative effects of household leverage while minimizing the welfare costs to households. Therefore, it seems important to look into the joint effects of the tax system and credit regulation. 1 VATT Institute for Economic Research, email: essi.eerola@vatt.fi. I wish to thank Anni Huhtala, Teemu Lyytikäinen, Niku Määttänen and Heidi Schauman for useful comments and discussions. All errors are my own.
POSSIBLE PATHWAYS BEFORE AND AFTER THE RNA WORLD ON THE BASIS OF EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL EVIDENCES(From Molecules to Life-Like Systems & RNA World, International Symposium on Origins of Life and Astrobiology)

Although the RNA world hypothesis is important as a model of the emergence of life-like systems, this hypothesis has some drawbacks. This hypothesis was already evaluated from the hydrothermal origin of life hypothesis in our recent paper. On the other hand, a unified theory for the origin and evolution of life has been attempted to develop on the basis of our recent investigations concerning the subjectivity of life and the molecular machinery of assigning genotype and phenotype. In the present paper, the RNA world hypothesis is further evaluated on the basis of the unified theory as well as the experimental evidences concerning the chemical evolution under hydrothermal environments.
Novel role of caspase-8 in the maintenance of epidermal regeneration and repair

Mammalian skin plays an essential role in protecting the body from environmental insults and as a result exhibits remarkable healing capabilities. Skin repair is characterized by the expression of three distinct but overlapping phases: inflammation, proliferation and remodeling. Successful restoration of tissue function after damage depends on the interactions among these phases. Despite the wealth of information on the wound healing process, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the crosstalks between the different phases. I present data demonstrating that the loss of epidermal caspase-8, an important mediator of apoptosis, recapitulates multiple features of a wound healing response and acts as the switch that turns on the repair process. The epidermal hyperplasia in the caspase-8 null skin is the cumulative result of signals exchanged between epithelial and mesenchymal cells and leukocytes. I show in chapter II that the reciprocal interaction between epidermal and mesenchymal cells is initiated by the paracrine activity of interleukin-1[alpha] (IL-1[alpha]) which stimulates both skin stem cell proliferation and cutaneous inflammation. Secretion of IL-1[alpha] is a consequence of the assembly of a functional NALP3 inflammasome mediated by p38 MAPK activation. Interestingly, this increased proliferation is counterbalanced by IL1[alpha]-dependent NF[kappa]B signaling which causes keratinocyte growth arrest and cell survival. In chapter III, I present data on the differential proliferation of the skin stem cells pools. I show that IL-1[alpha] and IL-7 have synergistic effects in expanding the number of activated of [gamma][delta] T- cells. These epidermal resident immune cells then preferentially promote the proliferation of hair follicle stem cells
A Framework for Combining Products and Services Based on Innovation Levels

: In recent years, a new trend in market o ﬀ erings is to combine products and services instead of just products or services. Many companies have introduced this new type of market o ﬀ erings, and innovate their traditional business models. Combining products with services can improve revenue structure, change the process of value-added creation and therefore take competitive advantages. However, combining products and services is not simply to sell products and at the same time provide some service. It is necessary for managers to change their minds, revise the business process and reconstruct companies’ organizations. There is no guarantee that all companies will succeed in combining products with services. This paper intends to provide some inspirations for the managers who are going to change market o ﬀ erings by combining products with services. We propose a framework for combining products with services, which is based on the innovation levels of products and services respectively. We give more detailed descriptions about the proposed framework, and examine how to realize adjacent innovation and transforming innovation in market o ﬀ erings. The proposed framework can help companies to develop market o ﬀ erings with combination of products and services, or plan di ﬀ erentiation strategy by services.
Factors facilitating the successful introduction of species of the mammalian order Carnivora on islands

Grostenteils sind es eingefuhrte Arten die fur die Storung diverser Okosysteme und den weltweiten Verlust an Biodiversitat verantwortlich gemacht werden konnen. Die grosten Probleme innerhalb der Vertebrata verursachen Saugetiere. In dieser Arbeit beschaftigten wir uns mit auf Inseln eingefuhrten Landsaugern der Ordnung Carnivora und den Faktoren, welche invasive Pradatoren auf Inseln begunstigen. Dazu wurden insgesamt 178 Meeresinseln, der sudlichen und nordlichen Erdhalbkugel, aller Okoregionen und Klimazonen untersucht. Es stellte sich heraus, dass bezuglich der durchschnittlichen Korpergrose von Weibchen und der Wurfgrose, die eingefuhrten Arten sich signifikant von den heimischen Arten unterschieden. Invasive Beutegreifer auf Inseln sind im Durchschnitt kleiner und weisen eine hohere Wurfgrose auf als heimische Beutegreifer. Zwischen Inselgrose und eingefuhrten Arten gab es keinen Zusammenhang, weder was das Auftreten noch die Anzahl der eingefuhrten Arten auf den Inseln anbelangte. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Anwesenheit einheimischer Pradatoren und die menschliche Populationsdichte auf Inseln einen signifikanten Einfluss auf eingefuhrte Pradatoren ausuben. Die Anzahl an nicht heimischen Beutegreifern nahm mit der Zunahme heimischer Arten ab, wahrend es eine positive Korrelation zwischen menschlicher Populationsdichte und eingefuhrter Arten gab. Unsere Studie zeigt, dass der Mensch immer noch der Hauptfaktor fur die Einfuhrung neuer Arten auf Inseln ist. Da die Weltbevolkerung stetig wachst, steigt auch der Druck auf einheimische Arten und erhoht die Wahrscheinlichkeit von eingefuhrten Arten auf Inseln. Die Zukunft scheint also nicht allzu rosig. Allerdings sind Biologen und Umweltschutzer heute besser vernetzt als je zuvor, dadurch wird es auch leichter effiziente Methoden zum Schutz einheimischer Arten vor Exoten zu finden.