Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Signaling through Myosin Light Chain Kinase in Smooth Muscles*

Background: Myosin light chain kinase is necessary for smooth muscle contraction. Results: The kinase is limiting for aortic, but not bladder smooth muscle contraction. Conclusion: Myosin light chain kinase provides dissimilar contributions to signaling responses. Significance: Haploinsufficiency of myosin light chain kinase may affect aortic smooth muscle cell contractile tone in vivo. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) phosphorylates smooth muscle myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) to initiate contraction. We used a tamoxifen-activated, smooth muscle-specific inactivation of MLCK expression in adult mice to determine whether MLCK was differentially limiting in distinct smooth muscles. A 50% decrease in MLCK in urinary bladder smooth muscle had no effect on RLC phosphorylation or on contractile responses, whereas an 80% decrease resulted in only a 20% decrease in RLC phosphorylation and contractile responses to the muscarinic agonist carbachol. Phosphorylation of the myosin light chain phosphatase regulatory subunit MYPT1 at Thr-696 and Thr-853 and the inhibitor protein CPI-17 were also stimulated with carbachol. These results are consistent with the previous findings that activation of a small fraction of MLCK by limiting amounts of free Ca2+/calmodulin combined with myosin light chain phosphatase inhibition is sufficient for robust RLC phosphorylation and contractile responses in bladder smooth muscle. In contrast, a 50% decrease in MLCK in aortic smooth muscle resulted in 40% inhibition of RLC phosphorylation and aorta contractile responses, whereas a 90% decrease profoundly inhibited both responses. Thus, MLCK content is limiting for contraction in aortic smooth muscle. Phosphorylation of CPI-17 and MYPT1 at Thr-696 and Thr-853 were also stimulated with phenylephrine but significantly less than in bladder tissue. These results indicate differential contributions of MLCK to signaling. Limiting MLCK activity combined with modest Ca2+ sensitization responses provide insights into how haploinsufficiency of MLCK may result in contractile dysfunction in vivo, leading to dissections of human thoracic aorta.
Relationships Between Internal and External Training Load in Team-Sport Athletes: Evidence for an Individualized Approach.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to quantify and predict relationships between rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and GPS training-load (TL) variables in professional Australian football (AF) players using group and individualized modeling approaches. METHODS TL data (GPS and RPE) for 41 professional AF players were obtained over a period of 27 wk. A total of 2711 training observations were analyzed with a total of 66 ± 13 sessions/player (range 39-89). Separate generalized estimating equations (GEEs) and artificial-neural-network analyses (ANNs) were conducted to determine the ability to predict RPE from TL variables (ie, session distance, high-speed running [HSR], HSR %, m/min) on a group and individual basis. RESULTS Prediction error for the individualized ANN (root-mean-square error [RMSE] 1.24 ± 0.41) was lower than the group ANN (RMSE 1.42 ± 0.44), individualized GEE (RMSE 1.58 ± 0.41), and group GEE (RMSE 1.85 ± 0.49). Both the GEE and ANN models determined session distance as the most important predictor of RPE. Furthermore, importance plots generated from the ANN revealed session distance as most predictive of RPE in 36 of the 41 players, whereas HSR was predictive of RPE in just 3 players and m/min was predictive of RPE in just 2 players. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that machine learning approaches may outperform more traditional methodologies with respect to predicting athlete responses to TL. These approaches enable further individualization of load monitoring, leading to more accurate training prescription and evaluation.
On finite and infinite modal systems

In Oskar Becker's Zur Logik der Modalitäten four systems of modal logic are considered. Two of these are mentioned in Appendix II of Lewis and Langford's Symbolic logic. The first system is based on A1–8 plus the postulate, From A7: ∼◊p⊰∼p we can prove the converse of C11 by writing ∼◊p for p, and hence derive The addition of this postulate to A1–8, as Becker points out, allows us to “reduce” all complex modal functions to six, and these six are precisely those which Lewis mentions in his postulates and theorems: p, ∼p, ◊p, ∼◊p, ∼◊∼p, and ◊∼p This reduction is accomplished by showing where ◊n means that the modal operator ◊ is repeated n times; e.g., ◊3p = ◊◊◊p. Then it is shown that By means of (1), (2), and (3) any complex modal function whatsoever may be reduced to one of the six “simple” modals mentioned above. It might be asked whether this reduction could be carried out still further, i.e., whether two of the six “irreducible” modals could not be equated. But such a reduction would have to be based on the fact that ◊p = p which is inconsistent with the set B1–9 of Lewis and Langford's Symbolic logic and independent of the set A1–8. Hence for neither set would such a reduction be possible.
Myoinositol content in the human brain is modified by transcranial direct current stimulation in a matter of minutes: A 1H‐MRS study

Brain content of myoinositol (mI) has been shown to be altered in several neuropsychiatric conditions. Likewise, various forms of electric currents have been applied to the human brain for therapeutic purposes in neuropsychiatric diseases. In this study we aimed to depict the effects of low‐power transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on brain mI by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS). We studied two groups of five healthy subjects by 1H‐MRS: the first group was studied before and after both anodal and sham (placebo) tDCS over the right frontal lobe, and the second group was studied at the same intervals without undergoing either sham or anodal tDCS. Anodal tDCS induced a significant increase of mI content at 30 min after stimulation offset (141.5 ± 16.7%, P < 0.001) below the stimulating electrode but not in distant regions, such as the visual cortex, whereas sham tDCS failed to induce changes in mI. Neither N‐acetyl‐aspartate (NAA) nor the other metabolite contents changed after anodal or sham stimulation. 1H‐MRS represents a powerful tool to follow the regional effects of tDCS on brain mI and, possibly, on the related phosphoinositide system. Magn Reson Med 60:782–789, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distal limb malformations: underlying mechanisms and clinical associations

Congenital malformations of the extremities are conspicuous and have been described through the ages. Over the past decade, a wealth of knowledge has been generated regarding the genetic regulation of limb development and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Recent studies have identified several of the signaling molecules, growth factors, and transcriptional regulators involved in the initiation and maintenance of the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) as well as the molecular markers defining the three axes of the developing limb. Studies of abnormal murine phenotypes have uncovered the role played by genes such as p63 and Dactylin in the maintenance of AER activity. These phenotypes resemble human malformations and in this review we describe the underlying mechanisms and clinical associations of split hand/foot malformation and ectrodactyly–ectodermal dysplasia–cleft lip/palate syndrome, which have both been associated with mutations in the p63 gene.
Cancer vaccination causes prolonged FDG accumulation in subcutaneous tissue

The treatment of advanced NSCLC has developed significantly over the last decade from an unspecific platinum based chemotherapy approach towards a more individualised molecular or cellular based therapy. In particular, immunotherapy is increasingly important in NSCLC therapy. Passive immunotherapy is administered with agents like monoclonal antibodies or adaptive cell therapy that directly target cancer cells, while active immunotherapy stimulates the immune system of the host to eliminate cancer cells (2). While most studies in lung cancer vaccination did not achieve their primary endpoints, several subgroup analyses revealed that vaccination could be an effective treatment for lung cancer patients. Also, the combination of therapeutic vaccines and immune checkpoint inhibitors is regarded as a promising pharmacotherapeutic approach (2, 8). PET-CT based treatment monitoring is an established method for the evaluation of the efficacy of lung cancer treatment.
Therapeutic contact lens-related bilateral fungal keratitis.

PURPOSE To describe a rare case of bilateral Candida keratitis after contact lens use following bilateral penetrating keratoplasty (PK). METHODS A 40-year-old female with a clinical diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome was being followed for corneal thinning in both eyes. She suffered a spontaneous bilateral perforation and underwent penetrating keratoplasty. Therapeutic contact lenses were prescribed for both eyes owing to persistent epithelial defects. Two months later, a biomicroscopic examination revealed corneal infiltrates. RESULTS A corneal tissue sample, saline, and contact lens cultures were all positive for Candida albicans. Topical and systemic antifungal therapy successfully cleared the infection in the right eye; however, the left eye underwent another corneal graft surgery. CONCLUSIONS Infectious fungal keratitis may be a complication of wearing therapeutic contact lenses after PK, in a patient with Sjögren's syndrome. The pre-existing eye disease is an important associated factor in cases of yeast infection; therefore, adequate care of these patients and careful follow-up after PK are indicated as measures to prevent early infections.
Notice of RetractionJoint Acute Toxicity of Phenanthrene and Sodium Perchlorate to Adult Zebrafish

Effects of water contamination with Phenanthrene and sodium perchlorate on juvenile Zebrafish were assessed. The single acute (96h) LC50 values for Phenanthrene and sodium perchlorate were 0.74 mg/L and 3352.8 mg/L, respectively. In combination, the joint acute LC50 values for Phenanthrene and sodium perchlorate were 0.15 mg/L and 1562.8 mg/L, respectively at toxic unit 1:1 while 0.39 mg/L 2398.8 mg/L at toxic unit 2:1. The joint toxicity were assessed by the methods of toxic unit (TU), additional index (AI) and mixture toxic index (MTI) respectively. The results shown that the two contaminants joint toxicity higher then single toxicity; the joint effects of their binary equitoxic mixture were mainly antagonism.
Monoclonal anti‐gamete antibodies prevent transmission of murine malaria

Summary Three monoclonal antibodies prepared using spleen cells from mice immunized with microgametes of Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis were tested for their ability to block transmission of the infection. Two of them agglutinated microgametes and blocked transmission, this effect being antibody‐dose dependent. The third monoclonal used alone was ineffective in both these assays although it stained gametocytes and microgametes by immunofluorescence in the same way as the protective monoclonals. However, when it was administered in combination with one of the protective monoclonals the transmission blocking immunity was enhanced significantly, indicating a synergistic effect of the two antibodies.
Zustandsbasierte Kollaborationsdiagramme

Zur Beschreibung des dynamischen Verhaltens eines Systems werden nach UML Zustandsund Interaktionsdiagramme verwendet. Während ein Zustandsdiagramm das Verhalten eines Objektes über mehrere Anwendungsfälle hinweg beschreibt, wird im Interaktionsdiagramm die Abarbeitung eines Anwendungsfalls in der Zusammenarbeit von Objekten dargestellt. Als Interaktionsdiagramme stehen in UML Kollaborationsund Sequenzdiagramme zur Verfügung, die verschiedene Repräsentationen derselben Interaktionen darstellen. Interaktionsund Zustandsdiagramme zeigen unterschiedliche, sich ergänzende Sichten auf ein und dasselbe System. Die Modellierung eines Systems in unterschiedlichen Sichten birgt jedoch immer die Gefahr in sich, dass diese Sichten zueinander inkonsistent werden. Besonders fehleranfällig ist hierbei die getrennte Betrachtung von Objektzuständen in den Zustandsdiagrammen und den Objektinteraktionen in den Interaktionsdiagrammen. Die Konsistenz der Modellierung der Dynamik kann jedoch sichergestellt werden, indem Interaktionen und Zustände abgestimmt aufeinander in den „Zustandsbasierten Kollaborationsdiagrammen“ in einem Guss betrachtet werden. Diese elegante Kombination von Zustandsdiagramm und Kollaborationsdiagramm erlaubt in einer einzigen Sicht die vollständige Beschreibung des reaktiven und transformatorischen Verhaltens der Objekte bei der Abarbeitung eines Anwendungsfalls und stellt damit die Konsistenz von Objektzuständen und Objektinteraktionen sicher.
A Hybrid Asymptotic-Numerical Method for Low Reynolds Number Flows Past a Cylindrical Body

The classical problem of slow, steady, two-dimensional flow of a viscous incompressible fluid around an infinitely long straight cylinder is considered. The cylinder cross section is symmetric about the direction of the oncoming stream but otherwise is arbitrary. For low Reynolds number, the well-known singular perturbation analysis for this problem shows that the asymptotic expansions of the drag coefficient and of the flow field start with infinite logarithmic series. We show that the entire infinite logarithmic expansions of the flow field and of the drag coefficient are contained in the solution to a certain related problem that does not involve the cross-sectional shape of the cylinder. The solution to this related problem is computed numerically using a straightforward finite-difference scheme. The drag coefficient for a cylinder of a specific cross-sectional shape, which is asymptotically correct to within all logarithmic terms, is given in terms of a single shape-dependent constant that is determi.
Endotracheal intubation in the field improves survival in patients with severe head injury. Trauma Research and Education Foundation of San Diego.

OBJECTIVE To measure the effect of prehospital endotracheal intubation on outcome in patients with severe head injury and the percentage of these patients intubated in the field under existing protocol. DESIGN Retrospective case-control study. SETTING Countywide urban trauma system. PATIENTS Trauma patients with blunt injury and scene Glasgow Coma Score of 8 or less, transported by ground ambulance with advanced life support capabilities from January 1, 1991, to December 31, 1995. Severe head injury was defined as head or neck Abbreviated Injury Scale score of 4 or greater. Isolated severe head injury was defined as head or neck Abbreviated Injury Scale score of 4 or greater with no other Abbreviated Injury Scale component greater than 3. One thousand ninety-two patients met initial criteria; of these, 671 had severe head injury, and 351 had isolated severe head injury. INTERVENTIONS None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Mortality and functional status sufficient for discharge to home. RESULTS Field intubation was associated with significant decreases in mortality from 36% to 26% in the full study group, from 57% to 36% in patients with severe head injury, and from 50% to 23% in patients with isolated severe head injury. Rate of discharge to home was unaffected by field intubation. Between 50% and 60% of study patients were intubated under current paramedic protocol, compared with intubation rates of 85% to 92% for similar patients transported by aeromedical teams operating under expanded indications for intubation. CONCLUSIONS Prehospital endotracheal intubation was associated with improved survival in patients with blunt injury and scene Glasgow Coma Score of 8 or less, especially those with severe head injury by anatomic criteria. Broadening indications for intubation by paramedical personnel has great potential to improve outcome in patients with severe head injury.
Urban Knitters on Interweaving Craft, Technologies and Urban Participation

Technologies are increasingly reaching areas of everyday life that were previously separated from the digital world, including traditional crafts. HCI work has explored hybrid craft as activities that manipulate smart materials for interactive physical outcomes. This however, excludes the ways in which traditional crafts become hybrid through other related uses of digital technologies. This paper discusses how urban knitting, a collaborative textile craft augmenting public space, incorporates various online practices to facilitate urban participation. We conducted a survey with 40 urban knitters to identify the roles technologies play in their practices. The results illustrate how the participants use digital tools for personal inspiration, global collaboration, individual self-expression and collective meaning-making around their craft. Through discussing how technologies can re-contextualise creative craft practices, we contribute insights into how a wider understanding of hybrid craft is needed to embrace new design opportunities within this hybrid realm of urban citizenship.
Opioid‐free analgesia following total knee arthroplasty[mdash ]a multimodal approach using continuous lumbar plexus (psoas compartment) block, acetaminophen, and ketorolac

Background and Objectives: Traditionally, postoperative analgesia following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has been provided by neuraxial or peripheral regional techniques with supplemental administration of opioids. We report an alternative method of postoperative pain management for patients undergoing TKA in whom the use of systemic or neuraxial opioids may result in significant side effects. Case Report: A 74‐year‐old woman with a history of protracted nausea and vomiting after systemic and neuraxial opioid administration presented for left total knee arthroplasty. A spinal anesthetic with postoperative continuous lumbar plexus (psoas) analgesia was planned. A quadriceps motor response was elicited and a 20‐gauge catheter was advanced through an 18‐gauge insulated Tuohy needle into the psoas sheath. After 30 mL of bupivacaine 0.5% with 100 [mu ]g clonidine was administered through the psoas catheter, a spinal anesthetic (2 mL 0.5% bupivacaine at the L2‐3 interspace) was performed. A continuous psoas infusion of 0.2% bupivacaine with 2 [mu ]g/mL clonidine at 8 mL/h was initiated in the recovery room. The psoas infusion was subsequently changed to 0.2% bupivacaine without clonidine and the rate increased to 10 mL/h. Supplemental analgesia with oral acetaminophen 1 g every 4 to 6 hours alternating with intravenous ketorolac 15 mg every 6 hours provided satisfactory analgesia, with visual analog scale (VAS) scores of 0 to 2 at rest and 3 to 4 with movement. The psoas catheter was removed 48 hours postoperatively because of prolongation of the prothrombin time. VAS scores remained 0 to 3 throughout the remainder of her hospitalization. Conclusion: A multimodal approach consisting of continuous lumbar plexus (psoas) block and nonopioid analgesics successfully provided postoperative pain relief in our patient and facilitated her physical rehabilitation after total knee arthroplasty. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2002;27:105‐108.
Effect of Ginger and Cinnamon Intake on Oxidative Stress and Exercise Performance and Body Composition in Iranian Female Athletes

Background: Ginger (rich in gingerols and shogaols) rhizomes have been widely used as dietary spices and to treat different diseases in Asia. Cinnamon (containing cinnamic aldehyde and cinnamyl aldehyde) is used as spices and as a pharmacological agent in ancient medicine. Intense exercise can result in oxidative damage to cellular compounds and also muscle soreness. Efficacy of dietary ginger and cinnamon as antioxidant agents and their effectiveness in exercise performance and reducing muscle soreness have been investigated in limited studies on humans. So we studied the effects of dietary ginger and cinnamon on oxidative stress and exercise performance and body composition in Iranian female taekwondo players. Methods: Sixty healthy trained women, aged 13-25 years, were enrolled in the 6 week investigation and randomly categorized in three groups (cinnamon, ginger, or placebo) and received three grams of ginger, cinnamon, or placebo powder each day depending on the group they belonged. Human malondialdehyde (MDA) level, exercise performance, and body composition were evaluated in the beginning and at the end of the study and compared among the groups. Results: Forty-nine of the participants completed the 6 weeks intervention. There was minor decrease in MDA in cinnamon and ginger group compared with the placebo group and significant increase in exercise performance in ginger group (P < 0.01), and considerable increase in skin fold in cinnamon groups (P < 0.01), whereas there were significant accretion in BMI for ginger group (P < 0.1) and cinnamon group (P < 0.05). No significant changes in MDA, EP, and BMI were observed between groups over time. But there were specific changes in skin fold between cinnamon and placebo group (P < 0.05) and cinnamon and ginger groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Six weeks administration of ginger and cinnamon in athlete women did not show any significant change in MDA level, body composition, and exercise performance as compared with the placebo group.
Tumor sponge implantation: an in vivo method for studying syngeneic, primary antitumor lymphocyte responses.

Sponge matrices surgically implanted in the s.c. space of the back of normal BALB/c mice were injected with a "regressor" dose of Moloney virus-induced BALB/c tumor cells. The kinetics of the generation of cytotoxic cells within the sponge was studied over a 22-day period in a short-term 51Cr release assay. Cytotoxic activity peaked on Day 16 and then declined to negligible levels by Day 22. No cytotoxicity was detectable when nontransformed BALB/c blast cells, Moloney leukemia virus-induced tumor (LSTRA) cells, or unrelated chemically induced tumor (EL4) cells were used as targets. When the cellular composition of implanted tumor sponges was examined on Day 16, it was found to be 30 to 40% myeloperoxidase-positive cells, 15 to 25% surface immunoglobulin-positive cells, and 40 to 50% theta-positive cells. Treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 plus complement eliminated the cytotoxic response on Day 16. The ratio of T-cells to tumor cells within the sponge was determined by immunofluorescence. Kinetic studies showed that the number of theta-positive cells increased well before cytolytic activity was detected, possibly reflecting increasing numbers of amplifier T-cells or cytotoxic cell precursors. A later decline in theta-positive cells correlated directly with decreased cytotoxicity. Furthermore, onset of cytotoxic activity also correlated with a decline in the percentage of Moloney murine sarcoma virus tumor cells within the sponge. Sponge cells isolated on Day 16 (peak cytotoxicity), mixed with lethal dosages of moloney murine sarcoma virus tumor cells, successfully neutralized the lethal challenge demonstrating the in vivo antitumor efficacy of these effector cells. Sponges were also implanted in mice which had been immunized with single injection of Moloney murine sarcoma virus cells. Inoculation of the sponge with tumor cells resulted in a second set response in which cytotoxic cells appeared much earlier than in unsensitized animals. Cells from spleen, lymph node, or peritoneal cavity of normal or presensitized animals with tumor sponge implants were not cytotoxic, suggesting a highly localized response.