Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Varying Self-myofascial Release Duration on Subsequent Athletic Performance.

Phillips, J, Diggin, D, King, DL, and Sforzo, GA. Effect of varying self-myofascial release duration on subsequent athletic performance. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2018-Self-myofascial release (SMR) treatments can enhance joint range-of-motion and restore movement function. The effects of different SMR durations on athletic performance have yet to be examined. Twenty-four volunteers had ankle and knee joint range-of-motion assessed using modified weight-bearing and kneeling lunge (KL) tests. Vertical jump and pro-agility sprint performance were also examined. All tests were conducted before and immediately after 1 (SMR_1) and 5 minutes (SMR_5) of foam rolling, and immediately after a control (CONTR) condition. Results showed KL scores increased after SMR_5 (16.4%; effect size [ES] = 0.85) when compared with SMR_1 (12.5%; ES = 0.58). Weight-bearing lunge scores showed little change after either SMR treatment. The CONTR condition exhibited little effect on joint range-of-motion. Vertical jump performance decreased after SMR_5 (5.1%; ES = 0.26) but changed little after SMR_1 (0.7%; ES = 0.03) and CONTR (1.9%; ES = 0.10) conditions. Pro-agility performance improved slightly after SMR_1 (1.1%) but deteriorated after CONTR (1.2%) and SMR_5 (0.5%). Effect size calculations for changes in pro-agility sprint times were trivial across all conditions (0.06-0.15). Data suggest that extended periods of SMR may be recommended, should improvements in joint range-of-motion be required. If power output is a critical requirement of subsequent exercise/performance tasks, prolonged SMR treatment (i.e., 5 minutes) should be avoided. Practitioners should be cautious when implementing SMR treatments within warm-ups.
Effect of environmental feedbacks on pacing strategy and affective load during a self-paced 30 min cycling time trial

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to analyze the pacing strategy and its affective consequences during self-paced cycling time trials (TT) performed at different severity of hypoxia. Eight competitive cyclists performed five 30 min self-paced TTs at their best performance in the following conditions: 1) normobaric normoxia (NNSL); 2) normobaric hypoxia under two simulated altitudes: 2000 m (NH2000) and 3500 m (NH3500) and 3) normobaric hypoxia but the cyclists were deceived and thought to be at sea level for 2000 m (DecNH2000) and 3500 m (DecNH3500). Power Output (PO), oxygen uptake (VO2), and blood lactate concentration ([La]) were recorded to assess exercise intensity and physiological adaptations. The rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and pleasure were measured with a CR10 Borg scale to evaluate the affective load (AL). PO and VO2 decreased with the severity of hypoxia but no significantly difference on performance was measured between deceived and real conditions, except for pacing strategy. The started intensity depends on the exercise expectations, but PO was rapidly adjusted with the physiological constraints and the rate of increase of RPE. Finally, AL did not reach maximal values so that the athletes sustained a physiological and emotional reserve to perform a final spurt.
Genomic Prediction Using Individual-Level Data and Summary Statistics from Multiple Populations

This study presents a method for genomic prediction that uses individual-level data and summary statistics from multiple populations. Genome-wide markers are nowadays widely used to predict complex traits, and genomic prediction using multi-population data are an appealing approach to achieve higher prediction accuracies. However, sharing of individual-level data across populations is not always possible. We present a method that enables integration of summary statistics from separate analyses with the available individual-level data. The data can either consist of individuals with single or multiple (weighted) phenotype records per individual. We developed a method based on a hypothetical joint analysis model and absorption of population-specific information. We show that population-specific information is fully captured by estimated allele substitution effects and the accuracy of those estimates, i.e., the summary statistics. The method gives identical result as the joint analysis of all individual-level data when complete summary statistics are available. We provide a series of easy-to-use approximations that can be used when complete summary statistics are not available or impractical to share. Simulations show that approximations enable integration of different sources of information across a wide range of settings, yielding accurate predictions. The method can be readily extended to multiple-traits. In summary, the developed method enables integration of genome-wide data in the individual-level or summary statistics from multiple populations to obtain more accurate estimates of allele substitution effects and genomic predictions.
Clinical practice guidelines for peroral endoscopic myotomy

Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is a novel clinical technique developed in Japan used to treat esophageal achalasia and esophageal motility disorders. This technique has been rapidly accepted and widely disseminated throughout our clinical practice because of its low invasiveness, technical novelty, and high efficacy. Since the advent of POEM, there have been no clinical guidelines that clearly indicated its standard of care, and these guidelines have been anticipated both nationally and internationally by clinicians who engage in POEM practice. In 2017, to meet these needs, the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society (JGES) launched the guideline committee for POEM. Based on the guideline development process proposed by the Medical Information Network Distribution Service (MINDS), the guideline committee initially created research questions on POEM and conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis on each topic. The clinical research extracted from databases for these clinical questions and the systematic review mainly comprised a few retrospective studies with a small number of participants and short trial periods; hence, the strength of the evidence and recommendations derived from these results was low. Throughout this process, the guideline committee met thrice: once on May 13, 2017, and again on September 17, 2017, to formulate the draft. A consensus meeting was then held on January 14, 2018, in Tokyo to establish the guideline statements and finalize the recommendations using the modified Delphi method. This manuscript presents clinical guidelines regarding current standards of practice and recommendations in terms of the nine chief topics in POEM.
FENS‐Kavli winter symposium: Review and perspectives on neurological diseases

The FENS‐Kavli winter symposium was held in December, 2017 at the Institute of Science and Technology, Austria. This short report reviews the session on neurological disorders, which included presentations on recent research into chronic pain, demyelinating disease, Alzheimer’s disease and autism spectrum disorder. Key advances, emerging themes and major challenges remaining in the field are discussed.
Boys should be given HPV vaccine, says joint committee

The UK government is considering whether to extend the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination programme to boys after an expert committee found that it was cost effective.1 In a report released on 18 July the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation said that deciding whether to recommend the HPV vaccine for boys was complex. It was only after considering the wider issues of health economics—including the benefits of preventing cancer many years into the future—that it found that including boys in …
Learning Sums of Independent Random Variables with Sparse Collective Support

We study the learnability of sums of independent integer random variables given a bound on the size of the union of their supports. For a subset A of non-negative integers, a sum of independent random variables with collective support A (called an "A-sum" in this paper) is a distribution S = X_1 + … + X_N where the X_i's are mutually independent (but not necessarily identically distributed) integer random variables all of whose supports are contained in A. We give two main algorithmic results for learning such distributions: 1) For the case |A|=3, we give an algorithm for learning A-sums to accuracy εilon that uses poly(1/εilon) samples and runs in time poly(1/εilon), independent of N and of the elements of A. 2)For an arbitrary constant k>=4, if A = {a_1,…,a_k} with 0<=a_1 < … < a_k, we give an algorithm that uses poly(1/εilon)*loglog a_k samples (independent of N) and runs in time poly(1/εilon, log a_k). We prove an essentially matching lower bound: if |A| = 4, then any algorithm must use Ω(log log a_4) samples even for learning to constant accuracy. We also give similar-in-spirit (but quantitatively very different) algorithmic results, and essentially matching lower bounds, for the case in which A is not known to the learner. Our learning algorithms employ new limit theorems which may be of independent interest. Our algorithms and lower bounds together settle the question of how the sample complexity of learning sums of independent integer random variables scales with the elements in the union of their supports, both in the known-support and unknown-support settings. Finally, all our algorithms easily extend to the "semi-agnostic" learning model, in which training data is generated from a distribution that is only c*εilon-close to some A-sum for a constant c>0.
Effects of Temperature and Strain Rate on the Fracture Behaviors of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy

Effects of temperature and strain rate on the fracture behaviors of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy are investigated by isothermal uniaxial tensile experiments at a wide range of temperatures and strain rates, from room temperature (RT) to 400 °C and from 10−4 s−1 to 10−1 s–1, respectively. Generally, the elevation of temperature leads to the increasing of elongation to fracture and the reduction of peak stress, while higher strain rate results in the decreasing of elongation to fracture and the increasing of peak stress. Interestingly, we found that the coefficient of strain rate sensitivity (m-value) considerably rises at 200 °C and work of fracture (Wf) fluctuates drastically with the increase of strain rate at RT and 100 °C, both of which signify a non-uniform and unstable deformation state below 200 °C. A competition of work hardening (WH) and dynamic recrystallization (DRX) exists at 200 °C, making it serve as a transitional temperature. Below 200 °C, WH is the main deformation mechanism of flow stress, and DRX dominates the flow stress above 200 °C. It has been found that from RT to 200 °C, the main feature of microstructure is the generation of dimples and microvoids. Above 200 °C, the coalescence of dimples and microvoids mainly leads to the failure of specimen, while the phenomenon of typically equiaxed dimples and nucleation appear at 400 °C. The observations of microstructure are perfectly consistent with the related macroscopic results. The present work is able to provide a comprehensive understanding of flow stress of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy at a wide range of temperatures and strain rates, which will offer valuable information to the optimization of the hot forming process and structural design of the studied alloy.
Cutaneous adrenergic nerve blockade attenuates sweating during incremental exercise in habitually trained men.

It remains unknown whether cutaneous adrenergic nerves functionally contribute to sweat production during exercise. This study examined whether cutaneous adrenergic nerve blockade attenuates sweating during incremental exercise, specifically in habitually trained individuals. Accordingly, 10 habitually trained and 10 untrained males (V̇o2max: 56.7 ± 5.4 and 38.9 ± 6.7 ml·kg-1·min-1, respectively; P < 0.001) performed incremental semirecumbent cycling (20 W/min) until exhaustion. Sweat rates (ventilated capsule) were measured at two bilateral forearm skin sites on which either 10 mM bretylium tosylate (BT) (an inhibitor of neurotransmitter release from sympathetic adrenergic nerve terminals) or saline (Control) was transdermally administered via iontophoresis. BT treatment delayed sweating onset in both groups (∼0.66 min; P = 0.001) and suppressed the sweat rate relative to the Control treatment at ≥70% relative total exercise time in trained individuals (each 10% increment; all P ≤ 0.009) but not in untrained counterparts ( P = 0.122, interaction between relative time × treatment). Changes in total sweat production at the BT site relative to the Control site were greater in trained individuals than in untrained counterparts (area under the curve, -0.86 ± 0.67 and -0.22 ± 0.39 mg/cm2, respectively; P = 0.023). In conclusion, we demonstrated that cutaneous adrenergic nerves do modulate sweating during incremental exercise, which appeared to be more apparent in habitually trained men (e.g., ≥70% maximum workload). Although our results indicated that habitual exercise training may augment neural adrenergic sweat production during incremental exercise, additional studies are required to confirm this possibility. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrated for the first time that cutaneous adrenergic nerves do modulate sweating during high-intensity exercise in humans (≥70% maximum workload). In addition, neural adrenergic sweating appeared to be greater in habitually trained individuals than in untrained counterparts, although further studies are necessary to confirm such a possibility. Nonetheless, the observations presented herein advance our understanding on human thermoregulation while providing new evidence for the neutral mediation of adrenergic sweating during exercise.
The Influence of Lexical Selection Disruptions on Articulation

Interactive models of language production predict that it should be possible to observe long-distance interactions; effects that arise at one level of processing influence multiple subsequent stages of representation and processing. We examine the hypothesis that disruptions arising in nonform-based levels of planning—specifically, lexical selection—should modulate articulatory processing. A novel automatic phonetic analysis method was used to examine productions in a paradigm yielding both general disruptions to formulation processes and, more specifically, overt errors during lexical selection. This analysis method allowed us to examine articulatory disruptions at multiple levels of analysis, from whole words to individual segments. Baseline performance by young adults was contrasted with young speakers’ performance under time pressure (which previous work has argued increases interaction between planning and articulation) and performance by older adults (who may have difficulties inhibiting nontarget representations, leading to heightened interactive effects). The results revealed the presence of interactive effects. Our new analysis techniques revealed these effects were strongest in initial portions of responses, suggesting that speech is initiated as soon as the first segment has been planned. Interactive effects did not increase under response pressure, suggesting interaction between planning and articulation is relatively fixed. Unexpectedly, lexical selection disruptions appeared to yield some degree of facilitation in articulatory processing (possibly reflecting semantic facilitation of target retrieval) and older adults showed weaker, not stronger interactive effects (possibly reflecting weakened connections between lexical and form-level representations).
Personality Development and Adjustment in College: A Multifaceted, Cross-National View

The current study is among the first to examine rank-order stability and mean-level change across college in both broad Big Five personality trait domains (e.g., Neuroticism) and the narrower facets underlying these domains (i.e., self-reproach, anxiety, and depression). In addition, the current study tests longitudinal associations between Big Five domains and facets and 3 aspects of adjustment: self-esteem, academic adjustment, and social adjustment in college. Specifically, the study examines codevelopment (correlated change), personality effects on later changes in adjustment, and adjustment effects on later changes in personality. Two large longitudinal samples from different countries were employed. Results suggested that rank-order stabilities of facets were generally large (i.e., >.50) across samples, and comparable with those observed for trait domains. Mean-level findings were largely in line with the maturity principle: levels of neuroticism and (most of) its facets decreased, whereas levels of the other domains and facets were either stable or increased. However, patterns sometimes slightly differed between facets of the same trait domain. All 3 types of longitudinal associations between personality and adjustment were found, but unlike mean-level change often varied by facet. The Extraversion facet of positive affect and the Conscientiousness facets of goal-striving and dependability were positively associated with all 3 adjustment indicators in both samples, whereas the Neuroticism facets of depression and self-reproach were consistently negatively associated with adjustment. In sum, our findings demonstrate that considering Big Five trait facets may be useful to reveal the nuanced ways in which personality develops in tandem with adjustment in college.
Application of 2′-O-(2-N-Methylcarbamoylethyl) Nucleotides in RNase H-Dependent Antisense Oligonucleotides

An RNase H-dependent antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), having the 2′-O-(2-N-methylcarbamoylethyl) (MCE) modification, was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The antisense activities of an ASO having the MCE modification were comparable with those of an ASO having the 2′-O-methoxyethyl (MOE) modification in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. In contrast, the hepatotoxic potential of the ASO having the MCE modification was lower than that of the ASO having the MOE modification. Thus, these findings suggested that the MCE modification could be used as an alternative to the MOE modification.
The immune system and stroke: from current targets to future therapy

Stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the intensive search for new therapies, hundreds of agents targeting various pathophysiological mechanisms have failed clinical trials, and the thrombolytic agent tissue plasminogen activator is currently the only FDA‐approved medication for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. The immune system is involved in all stages of stroke, from the pathogenesis of risk factors to neurotoxicity, to tissue remodeling and repair. There is a bidirectional interaction between the brain and the immune system, with stroke‐induced immunosuppression and subsequent infection a principal source of patient mortality. Newer work also points to a role for the gut microbiota in the immune response to stroke, while clinical sequelae such as dementia might now also be explained in immune terms. However, the exact roles of innate and adaptive components have not been fully elucidated, with studies reporting both detrimental and beneficial functions. Time is a key determinant in defining whether immunity and inflammation are neuroprotective or neurotoxic. The local inflammatory milieu also has a clear influence on many proposed treatments. This review examines the individual components of the immune response to stroke, highlighting the most promising future stroke immunotherapies.
Early treatment with high-potency statins in patients with acute coronary syndrome-an example of personalized medicine.

Statins, together with aspirin, are the cornerstone of secondary prevention treatment in stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The Myocardial Ischemia Reduction with Aggressive Cholesterol Lowering (MIRACL) study was one of the first randomized controlled trials which demonstrated a benefit of high-potency statin therapy in the setting of ACS (1).
Reliability of parent report measures of behaviour in children with Down syndrome

BACKGROUND Behavioural problems are common among children with Down syndrome (DS). Tools to detect and evaluate maladaptive behaviours have been developed for typically developing children and have been evaluated for use among children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. However, these measures have not been evaluated for use specifically in children with DS. This psychometric evaluation is important given that some clinically observed behaviours are not addressed in currently available rating scales. The current study evaluates the psychometric properties of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), a commonly used screening tool developed for typically developing children and commonly used with children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. METHODS The study investigated the psychometric properties of the CBCL among school-aged children with DS, including an assessment of the rate of detecting behaviour problems, concerns with distribution, internal consistency, inter-rater reliability and convergent and discriminant validity with the Aberrant Behavior Checklist and Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form. Caregivers of 88 children with DS aged 6-18 years rated their child's behaviour with the CBCL, Aberrant Behavior Checklist and Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form. Teachers completed the Teacher Report Form. RESULTS About one-third of children with DS were reported to exhibit behaviours of clinical concern on the total score of the CBCL. Internal consistency for CBCL sub-scales was poor to excellent, and inter-rater reliability was generally acceptable. The sub-scales of the CBCL performed best when evaluating convergent validity, with variable discriminant validity. Normative data conversions controlled for age and gender differences in this sample. CONCLUSIONS The study findings suggest that, among children with DS, some CBCL sub-scales generally performed in a psychometrically sound and theoretically appropriate manner in relation to other measures of behaviour. Caution is warranted when interpreting specific sub-scales (Anxious/Depressed, Somatic Complaints and Thought Problems). The CBCL can continue to be used as a screening measure when evaluating behavioural concerns among children with DS, acknowledging poor discriminant validity and the possibility that key behaviour concerns in DS may not be captured by the CBCL screen.
The Local Atomic Structure of Colloidal Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Theranostics in Oncology

The paper contains an overview of modern spectroscopic methods for studying the local atomic structure of superparamagnetic nanoparticles based on iron oxide (SPIONs), which are an important class of materials promising for theranostics in oncology. Practically important properties of small and ultra small nanoparticles are determined primarily by their shape, size, and features of the local atomic, electronic, and magnetic structures, for the study of which the standard characterization methods developed for macroscopic materials are not optimal. The paper analyzes results of the studies of SPIONs local atomic structure carried out by X-ray absorption spectroscopy at synchrotron radiation sources and Mössbauer spectroscopy during the last decade.