Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nutritional quality of extruded snacks developed from composite of rice brokens and wheat bran

Abstract Wheat bran was mixed with broken rice to develop nutritionally balanced extruded crisp snacks for human consumption. The inclusion of wheat bran enhanced the content of nutrients such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, copper, thiamine, riboflavin, lysine and also of antinutrients like phytic phosphorus and trypsin inhibitor. Extrusion cooking decreased the content of thiamine, riboflavin and lysine. The degradation of phytic phosphorus and inactivation of trypsin inhibitor had an improving effect on the nutritional quality of the extruded snacks as reflected by higher in vitro digestibility of its proteins.
Patterns of seed weight distribution and germination with time in a weedy biotype of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum)

Three plants from each of 10 populations of the black biotype of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) were grown in a common garden in London, Ontario. Seeds were collected from individual plants as they ripened. Each seed was identified as to location on the plant and weighed separately. Mean seed weight decreased over the growing season, both on individual inflorescences and on entire plants. Despite this trend, seeds at the upper end of the weight range were produced throughout the season. The decline in the mean resulted from an increasing proportion of smaller seeds. There was also increased variability in seed weight later in the growing season. In subsequent germination tests there was no discernable relationship between total percent viability and date of seed ripening. Total percent viability was above 70% for each sampling date. Key words: seed weight, positional effects, proso millet, germination, seasonal variation.
Stocking of Northern Hardwood Regeneration Based on Exponential Dropout Rate

Survival and mortality in even-aged seedling-sapling northern hardwoods are described as an exponential process, where the probability of a tree — alive at mean stand diameter and living to mean stand diameter or beyond — is:Values of R were estimated from field data. The average number of trees at required to produce 1 tree at equals 1/P. By using the binomial distribution, the author determined the number of trees at required to produce with high probability 1 tree or more at . Regeneration stocking guides, based on this mathematical process, are presented.
Test of Σ polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon model at a creosote‐contaminated site, Elliott Bay, Washington, USA

At a creosote‐contaminated site, 33 individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds were quantified in sediment and interstitial water (IW) at 30 stations. These compounds included the 13 parent PAHs from the ΣPAH model, 7 additional parent, and 13 alkylated compounds. Fourteen groups of alkylated compounds were also quantified in sediment extracts. Amphipod mortality using the ΣPAH model was predicted within ±10% of the observed when freely dissolved concentrations of PAHs with log Kows < 6.0 were used in the calculation of toxic units (TUs). The TUs computed from bulk sediment tended to overestimate the observed distribution of mortality. Although present, alkylated PAHs did not contribute significantly to the observed toxicity that was dominated by parent PAHs. The dominant parent compounds were in equilibrium with the interstitial water and sediment at the most contaminated stations (>500 ppm dry). However, most compounds were not in equilibrium with the sediment at stations with lower bulk concentrations but were in equilibrium with dissolved organic matter throughout the study area.
Ultrastructure of the developing embryo sac of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) before and after fertilization

The ultrastructure of the embryo sac of the sunflower (Helianthus annuus) was investigated before and after fertilization. In the young embryo sac, walls were observed that completely surrounded the egg, synergids, and the central cell. However, as maturation continued, the extent of the wall changed. By the time the embryo was mature, the chalazal portion of the walls of the egg and synergids had disappeared so these cells have a plasma membrane to plasma membrane contact. This is also true for the central cell, which has plasma membrane contact with the egg and synergids. However, the chalazal and lateral walls of the central cell become considerably thicker at this time. Before the entry of the pollen tube, the synergid that is located toward the placenta degenerates. After fertilization, a wall forms over the chalazal portion of the zygote and the persistent synergid. The endosperm appears to play an active role in this process, contributing substantial amounts of wall material. However, the wall cove.
MORPHOLOGICAL, CYTOLOGICAL, AND CULTURAL ASPECTS OF CURVULARIA PALLESCENS

Curvularia pallescens Boedijn (Hyphomycetes) is redescribed with the aid of a scanning electron microscope, and the optimal cultural conditions for growing this fungus are discussed. Cytological analysis and nuclear condition, observed through the HCl-Giemsa technique, showed vegetative and reproductive structures (hypha and conidia) formed by uni, bi, tri, and multinucleated segments. Cultures of C. pallescens in Complete medium and in Potato dextrose agar varied on growth, on aspects of the border of the colonies and also on medium pigmentation. The Complete medium and the temperature between 25-28°C were the most indicated for growth of C. pallescens.
Declining body sizes in North American birds associated with climate change

Recent climate change has caused comparatively rapid shifts in the phenology and geographic distributions of many plants and animals. However, there is debate over the degree to which populations can meet the challenges of climate change with evolutionary or phenotypic responses in life history and morphology. We report that migrating birds captured at a banding station in western Pennsylvania, USA, have exhibited steadily decreasing fat-free mass and wing chord since 1961, consistent with a response to a warmer climate. Th is confi rms that phenotypic responses to climate change are currently underway in entire avian assemblages. Declines in body size were not explained by an index of habitat condition within the breeding or wintering distributions. Instead, size was negatively correlated with temperature in the previous year, and long-term trends were associated with the direction of natural selection acting on size over the winter: species undergoing the strongest selection favoring small wing chord showed the most rapid long-term declines in wing. Phenotypic changes are therefore in line with the prevailing selection regime.
Synergistic interactions and environment

This brief article describes synergistic interactions that would have a destructive impact on the environment: the role of chlorofluorocarbons linking the phenomena of ozone-layer depletion and the greenhouse effect; stresses on tropical forests (over-logging, agricultural settlement, and excess UV-B radiation due to ozone-layer depletion) that increase the susceptibility of the tract to injury from acid rain; increase in vulnerability to UV-B as a result of acid rain. Recognizing possible synergisms in advance may allow scientists to anticipate and even prevent some of the adverse repercussions.
Research in Virtual Cotton Spinning Process based on CAPN

 Abstract--After the analysis of the features and the complexity of the cotton spinning process, a flow characterization model of cotton processing was proposed on the basis of CAPN. The efficiency and flexibility of this model was proved by the complexity calculation and computer simulation. Simultaneously the complexity of the system was effectively reduced by this model. Furthermore, the feedback control on processing system could be complied by this adaptive system.
Colostrum production and hormone responses of parturient ewes fed varying amounts and types of supplement

Low perinatal lamb loss and fast lamb growth rates are important measures for efficient sheep production. To understand the role of ewe nutrition in late pregnancy, 100 adult Border Leicester × Merino ewes were joined at a synchronised oestrus. Ewes were nutritionally managed to maintain maternal body condition until day 130 of pregnancy at which time 50 twin-bearing ewes entered single pens. Thirteen ewes were allocated as controls and 14, 11 and 12 ewes for the 3 treatments groups. All were fed a base diet of lucerne hay (17.3% crude protein; 9.4 MJ ME/kg DM). Three of the 4 treatment groups were supplemented with oaten grain, formaldehyde-treated sunflower meal or lupin grain at 1 of 3 nominal feeding levels: 250, 500 or 750 g/ewe.day of supplement. Actual intake was less than amounts offered. Intakes measured in the final 5 days prepartum, were used in the analysis. Data were collected on peripheral progesterone and insulin-like growth factor-1 at 4 days prepartum and 50 min postpartum; peripheral oestrone sulfate at 4 and 3 days prepartum and 50 min postpartum; and colostrum weight and score at 50 min postpartum. Feeding level of supplement, but not type of supplement, significantly increased insulin-like growth factor-1 and decreased progesterone and oestrone sulfate levels. Correlations of energy and nitrogen intake with insulin-like growth factor-1, progesterone and oestrone sulfate levels were positive (P<0.01), as were the correlations of colostrum weight with these traits. An unexpected high correlation between energy and nitrogen intake masked any differential effects on colostrum production and hormone response. Nevertheless, the supply of energy and protein supplements were associated with elevated colostrum weights and scores, and lower progesterone concentration. Lowering progesterone levels is considered necessary for successful parturition. Oaten grain was the least desirable grain supplement. These observations support the practical importance of providing adequate nutrition in late pregnancy and its effect on colostrum yield and presumably lamb survival and growth.
Weight responses of young sheep to copper, and connective tissue lesions associated with the grazing of pastures of high molybdenum content.

Abstract Four groups of young sheep were grazed from April to October 1969 on pastures that–8 ppm D.M. during most of the trial period, but rose rapidly to approximately 20 ppm during August. Group 1 sheep (control) received no experimental treatment; Group 2 received oral supplements of selenium as sodium selenite; Group 3 received a supplement of a copper compound (cuproxoline) given subcutaneously; Group 4 received supplements of both selenium and copper. Except for an apparent weight response to selenium within the period of the trial (although not at its end), and a doubtful effect of selenium in preventing bone fragility in sheep not given copper, no responses to selenium treatments were noted. In the copper-treated sheep mean values for blood haemoglobin and packed-cell volume were significantly higher, and mean serum alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly lower, than corresponding values for sheep not given copper. Of 17 sheep in the non-copper groups, 5 had connective tissue lesions, ass.
Synthesis of the Blocked Pentasaccharide Derivative Related to the Repeating Unit of the O‐Antigen from Shigella dysenteriae Type 3 in the Form of Its Allyl Glycoside

Starting from d‐galactosamine hydrochloride, d‐galactose and d‐glucose, the tetrasaccharide derivative allyl 2,3,6‐tri‐O‐benzyl‐4‐O‐[methyl (R)‐2‐propanoate]‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→6)‐2,3,4‐tri‐O‐benzyl‐α‐d‐glucopyranosyl‐(1→4)‐2,6‐di‐O‐benzyl‐3‐O‐(3,4,6‐tri‐O‐acetyl‐2‐deoxy‐2‐phthalimido‐β‐d‐galactopyranosyl)‐α‐d‐galactopyranoside has been synthesized via block synthesis strategy, with one of the blocks containing a methyl (R)‐2‐propanoate group. Manipulation of protecting groups of this tetrasaccharide derivative followed by its reaction with a galactofuranoside donor afforded the desired pentasaccharide derivative in the form of its allyl glycoside related to the reapeating unit of Shigella dysenteriae type 3.
Models for Predicting Wood Properties in Stems of Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris in Sweden

To study and model the variation of wood properties, sample trees were selected from 42 Norway spruce and 20 Scots pine stands covering a wide variation in climatic and site conditions, stand maturation and tree sizes. Plot and tree measurements were followed by sampling wood from different heights in each sample tree and laboratory measurements of wood properties. Mixed linear and non-linear prediction models were developed using diameters, number of annual rings and climatic indices as explanatory variables. The variation in spruce properties explained by these variables was: basic density 50%, latewood content 52%, juvenile wood diameter 85%, heartwood diameter 94% and bark thickness 76%. The corresponding values for pine were 59, 54, 79, 92 and 85%. Random among-tree variance was an important contributor to the remaining variation for density and latewood. In general, only a minor part of the random variation was related to variance between stands. Predictions derived from the models for density and juvenile wood in both species, and heartwood in pine showed good agreement when validated with data sets from two other studies. The resulting models may be used for predicting wood properties in forest planning and in bucking computers in harvesters, provided that the essential information is available.
Born Free ? New Evidence for the Status of Sus scrofa at Neolithic Çayönü Tepesi (Southeastern Anatolia, Turkey)

Un reexamen des restes de Sus provenant, des differentes phases d 'occupation de Cayonu a. ete entrepris. Le site neolithique, habite pendant plus de deux millenaires, est un des lieux ou l 'on peut le mieux observer les premieres traces de domestication du porc. L 'analyse repose sur l 'estimation de l 'âge de la mort, l 'analyse osteometrique des elements dentaires et crâniens et. le releve d 'une anomalie dentaire (l'Hypoplasie lineaire de l'email ou HLE). Cet examen montre des modifications au cours du temps qui s'expriment par un abattage des individus a un plus jeune âge, une diminution de la stature des animaux, une reduction, de la taille des dents et une augmentation de la frequence de HLE. Les resultats obtenus ne doivent cependant pas etre interpretes comme une simple dichotomie ou les populations "domestiques " s 'opposeraient aux "sauvages ". En effet, on observe des changements lents et progressifs et non pas des evenements soudains et dramatiques. Ceci suggere une intensification graduelle des relations entre humains et Sus, processus qui debuta, tot et connut un lent developpement. Les donnees etayent l 'hypothese que la population de Sus a Cayonu et dans ses environs avait des rapports avec les humains qui n 'etaient pas ceux que l 'homme entretient soit avec le porc "sauvage " soit avec le porc "domestique " mais qui indiquent un etat, intermediaire.
BIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF THE EXPLOITED STOCK OF THE MEDITERRANEAN LOCUST LOBSTER SCYLLARIDES LATUS (LATREILLE, 1803) (DECAPODA: SCYLLARIDAE) IN THE AZORES

ABSTRACT Of 565 individuals of Scyllarides latus (Latreille, 1803) from landings on Pico Island, Azores, during the summer of 1982, 55% were males, and 45% females, of which 75% were ovigerous. The mean carapace length for males and females was 92.4 mm and 94.8 mm, respectively. The weight/length relationship for males is expressed by W = 0.0020L2. 825 and for females W = 0.0065L2. 580. The number of eggs per brood varied from 151-356,000. The egg-bearing period lasted for approximately 6-8 weeks, with spawning starting in late June. Eggs hatched into naupliosoma larvae. The naupliosoma stage observed in an aquarium lasted approximately 40–60 min. The larvae swam with the help of their antennae. The main diet of S. latus in summer consists of limpets (Patella spp.). The principal predator of the commercial stock is the dusky grouper (Epinephelus guaza). The lobsters migrate to deeper water at the beginning of October and return to the coast in May. Molting takes place in winter. In aquaria, 7 individuals molted between 28 November and 28 February. After results of this study were known, the Secretariat of Agriculture and Fisheries of the Regional Government of the Azores changed the closed season for catching this species from 1 August-30 April to 1 May-31 August.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF FOUR WILD EDIBLE MUSHROOMS IN NIGERIA

Antimicrobial activities of four wild Nigerian edible mushrooms (Lentinus squarrosulus, Psathyrella atroumbonata, Volvorella volvacea and Coprinellus micaceus) were evaluated. The four mushroom extracts showed varying degree of inhibition on the test organisms (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillum notatum). L. squarrosulus showed good antimicrobial activities against all the microorganisms tested. The filtrates of L. squarrosulus and P. atroumbonata showed wider inhibition zones (16.2mm and 12.7mm for S .aureus and 18.6 and 14.3 for E .coli ) in the test bacteria than those of the filtrates of C. micaceus and V. volvacea (9.3mm and 10.4mm for S. aureus and 8.4mm and 7.7mm for E. coli) against the test bacteria. Culture filtrates of L. squarrosulus and V. volvacea inhibited the two fungi tested while the culture filtrates of P. atroumbonata and C. micaceus did not show sign of mycelial inhibition of Penicillum notatum. L. squarrosulus and P. atroumbonata were found to be the most effective against the test bacteria while the best antifungal activities was recorded in L. squarrosulus and V. volvacea. The bioactive contents of the mushrooms are promising natural antimicrobial agents that can be harnessed as potent antibacterial and fungi toxicants.
Simulating Biomimetic Propulsors under spring loading and/or active control for the pitching motion of the wings

New rules but also economy, demand ever higher efficiency but also require a high level of safety and comfort onboard a vessel. The area of biomimetics has been sought after in the past with arguable success, but was abandoned, as the 70’s energy crisis receded and technical issues made it unprofitable to pursue. Nevertheless, the interest is being reheated, as experimental data and simulations promise high efficiencies, outstanding maneuverability and seakeeping qualities, while technical obstacles are being overcome. The problem of a spring loaded and/or controlled pitching motion of the wing is the natural sequel to the fully prescribed motions if a compromise of propulsive power and reduction of ship motions is the objective function for propulsor design, for the ship operating in a wavy environment. In this paper the numerical solution of a heaving wing pitching either passively (spring loaded) or actively (properly determined by the user) is set and discussed. Towards this end the 3D boundary element solver with free wake UBEM (Politis 2011) is coupled with a data generation code capable to handle the complex motions resulting for the case of a spring loaded and/or actively pitched wing. Moreover for the spring loaded case the one DOF hydroelastic ordinary second order differential equation in time has been integrated numerically using different time integration schemes (central difference, Crank Nikolson, Newmark -linear and non linear), while for the active pitch control, an evolution of the existing active pitch control method (Politis and Politis 2014) is presented. Some results are presented for the developed time dependent thrust as well as for the mean thrust coefficient for different selections regarding heaving motion and pitch control of the wing. Comparisons are also presented between spring loaded, controlled and prescribed motion wings operating in complex environments.
Homologous direct repeat sequences associated with mercury, methicillin, tetracycline and trimethoprim resistance determinants in Staphylococcus aureus

Restriction endonuclease and DNA hybridization analyses of the Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pSK1, which encodes resistance to ethidium bromide (Eb), quaternary ammonium compounds, gentamicin (Gm), kanamycin (Km), tobramycin (Tm) and trimethoprim (Tp), identified three copies of a directly repeated DNA sequence of approx. 1 kb located in the proximity of the Tp-resistance-encoding region of the plasmid. Directly repeated sequences homologous to those detected on pSK1 were also identified on S. aureus heavy-metal resistance (β-lactamase) plasmids and the S. aureus chromosome; in both, these repeats flank related, but not identical, mercury (Hg)-resistance-encoding regions. The chromosomal Hg-resistance region mapped adjacent to an integrated tetracycline (Tc)-resistance plasmid equivalent to pT181, which was also flanked by copies of the repeated sequences, and to a DNA segment associated with methicillin (Mc) resistance.
THE ABSENCE OF AN EFFECT OF THE Na/Ca RATIO ON SODIUM CHLORIDE UPTAKE BY RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.).

The effect of the Na/Ca ratio in the growth medium on the response of the salt-sensitive crop species Oryza sativa L. to NaCl salinity was investigated. No effects on growth or salt concentration in the shoot were found over a range of Na/Ca ratios (5 to 25) considered likely to be commonly encountered in saline situations in the field, and even at extreme Na/Ca ratios (100 to 500) there were only marginal increases in NaCl entry to the shoot. Increasing the Ca concentration in the growth medium over a wide range did not, therefore, ameliorate the effects of salinity on rice seedlings. Polyethylene giycol at low, osmotically negligible, concentrations reduced the movement of CI to the shoot by 60 to 70% even in the presence of adequate (3.5 mol m−3) Ca. It is concluded that membranes of rice roots respond weakly to Ca and that they are capable of better permeability control than is evoked by Ca ions. The relevance of this to the salt sensitivity of rice is discussed.
Molecular Characterization of Fungal Communities in Sandstone

This study investigated the fungal community structure present in chemically distinct sandstone horizons. Community fingerprinting (intergenic spacer analysis) and cloning techniques were utilized, in addition to an analysis of the cultivable fungal population, to assess the nature and extent of fungal diversity present on sandstone surfaces. The mineralogical composition of sandstone horizons was found to be poorly defined with each horizon showing a high degree of similarity. Fungal populations were not so strictly confined to a single horizon and sandstone characteristics were not strong enough to drive community structure to the same extent as seen in recent studies (Gleeson et al. 2005; Hutchens et al. 2010). Because sandstone communities inhabit a less-restrictive locale, it would be fitting that community members have not had to adapt to such strong and controlling environments.
Voltage Restoration Capability of Grid Tied DFIG System under Various Operating Conditions

DFIG is a very flexible wind energy conversion system which employs power electronic interface to control the rotor currents in a way to achieve the variable speed stable operation. In this paper Performance analysis of Grid Connected DFIG based wind energy system is presented. The simulation model in Matlab Simulink has been developed. The system has been studied for various operating condition. The pre-Fault and post-Fault condition of DFIG are examined depending upon which, a grid side converter (GSC) control topology has been proposed to restore system voltage when the system under-going faults. The focus of the research is to develop the voltage restoration capability of the DFIG with the help of three level inverter and active filter to mitigate harmonic. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 25-05-2019 Date of acceptance: 10-06-2019 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------