Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Zur Fibrillarstruktur nativer Cellulose

Die Mikrofibrillarsturktur von Algencellulose, Bakteriencellulose, Ramie, Baumwollinters und Chemiezellstoff wurde mittels Elektronenmikroskopie und Rontgen-Weitwinkelstreuung vergleichend untersucht. In Abhangigkeit von der Herkunft der Cellulose werden elektronmikroskopicsch Mikrofibrillen mit unterschiedlichen Merkmalen und Lateralen Abmessungen zwischen 4nm und 95 nm gefunden. Mit Hilfe der Rontgen-Weitwinkelstreuung wurden laterale Kristallitabmessungen und erstmalig an Cellulose-I-Proben (Valonia, Ramie) zusatzlich laterale Gitterstorungen auf der Grundlage einer Fourier-Reflexprofilanalyse ermittelt. Die mittleren lateralen Abmessungen der Kristallite als Subbaueinheiten der Mikrofibrillen variieren zwichen 4nm fur Holzzellstoff und 10 nm fur Valonia-Cellulose, Modell vorstellungen zur Feinstruktur der Mikrofibrillen wurden anhand der Ergebnisse kritisch diskutiert. The Microfibrillar structure of algae cellulose, bacterial cellulose, ramie, cotton linters, and dissolving pulp samples were investigated by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The microfibrils as detected by means of electron microscopy show different features and lateral dimensions from 4 nm to 95 nm depending on the source of the cellulose. Lateral crystallite dimensions have been obtained by wide angle X-ray diffraction. Using a Fourier method for peak profile analysis separate determinations of lateral crystallite size and lattice distortions are given for the first time for cellulose I samples (valonia, ramie). The mean lateral dimensions of the crystallites, being subunits of the microfibrils, vary between 4 nm for pulp and 10 nm for valonia cellulose. Models of the supermolecular structure of the fibrils have been discussed critically.
Antiferrodistortive Structural Phase Transition in Compressively-Strained Epitaxial SrTiO3 Film Grown on (La, Sr)(Al, Ta)O3 Substrate

(001)-epitaxial SrTiO3 films were grown on (La, Sr)(Al, Ta)O3 substrates for investigating the impact of biaxial strain on the antiferrodistortive (AFD) structural phase transition in SrTiO3. The films were fully constrained by the substrates, which resulted in the large in-plane compressive strain of -0.9%. The AFD transition temperature estimated using temperature controlled x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope was over 150K higher than the theoretical prediction, but rather supported the experimental results reported on SrTiO3 films on LaAlO3 substrates.
Magic-angle spinning proton NMR imaging of polybutadiene/polystyrene blends

A simple method of obtaining 1H NMR images of solids is introduced which relies on magic-angle spinning for line narrowing. The spatial resoln. of the method is <50 mm. The method is insensitive to many instrumental artifacts and only requires slight modifications of com. equipment. Images are shown of a dynamically stressed isoprene rubber phantom and of polybutadiene in 2 polybutadiene-polystyrene blends.
Unraveling the argon adsorption processes in MFI-type zeolite

The understanding of adsorption isotherms is important for the solution of a large class of industrial problems, many of which are of current research interest. The existence of stepped adsorption isotherms is often observed in some particular adsorption processes, being a distinction of mesoporous materials reflecting capillary condensation effects. However, such singularity is less observed at very low relative pressures. For instance, the presence of a substep on the argon adsorption isotherm of MFI at cryogenic temperature has been corroborated with a variety of experimental studies, but its origin is still unclear, and the interpretations are even contradictory. In this work, a new insight into this process is proposed by a combined approach using both experiments and molecular simulations.
Electric field effects and form birefringence in diblock copolymers

We investigate effects of the electric field on diblock copolymers by assuming an induced dipolar interaction among the composition fluctuations. First, we show that, when an electric field is applied perpendicularly to lamellae, undulations start to grow if their in-plane wavenumbers are smaller than an electric wavenumber q e proportional to the field. Subsequently, the undulations grow into larger spatial structures, eventually leading to a final square-lattice pattern. Second, we calculate the Maxwell stress tensor due to the electric field to predict a finite shear modulus in a lamellar state oriented by the electric field. Third, we examine form birefringence in disordered and ordered phases. In particular, the lamellar and hexagonal phases are shown to become birefringent on spatial scales longer than the spacing of lamellae or cylinders, even if the constituent monomers are optically isotropic. This gives rise to enhancement of depolarized light scattering from lamellar microstructures, which has indeed been observed recently. Most predictions in this paper are applicable to many situations other than those in the electric field.
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) system for continuous measurements of chemicals in sea-water

A laboratory-based system for measurement of chemicals in sea-water with sol–gel-derived surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates is presented. The motivation behind this work was the development of a marinized prototype sensor. A long-term spectral stability of better than 1 cm−1 over a period of several months was observed. Photodegradation of the SERS layer was avoided by the choice of optical components and layout. Dielectric edge filters and holographic notch filters were compared. Coated fibres were tested and results are discussed in terms of fibre choice, reduction of background signal, sensitivity and time response. Continuous analysis was performed with two flow-through cells, the first a modification to a standard glass cuvette and the second an improved in-house-constructed aluminium cell. SERS investigations on samples whose turbidity ranged from 0 to 400 NTU were performed with both cells. These tests show the suitability of the developed system for continuous monitoring of real samples and possible application in on-line process control. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Extrusion Cooking on the Primary Structure and Water Solubility of β-Glucans from Regular and Waxy Barley

ABSTRACT Water-soluble β-glucan from native and extrusion-cooked barley flours of two barley cultivars, Candle (a waxy starch barley) and Phoenix (a regular starch barley), was isolated and purified. The purity of β-glucan samples was 85–93% (w/w, dry weight basis) for Candle and 77–86% (w/w, dry weight basis) for Phoenix. The water solubility of β-glucan (at room temperature, 25°C) in the native and extruded flours (primary solubility) was different from that of the purified β-glucan samples (secondary solubility). The solubility of β-glucan in the native and extruded Candle flour was substantially higher than that of β-glucan in Phoenix. For both cultivars, β-glucan in the extruded flours had solubility (primary solubility) values higher than in their native counterparts. The solubility of β-glucan in the purified β-glucan samples differed depending on the barley cultivar and the extrusion conditions employed. The glycosidic linkage profiles of purified soluble β-glucan from native and extruded barley f.
Dérivés de désoxy‐hydroxylamino‐sucres et radicaux libres diglycosylnitroxydes correspondants. Communication préliminaire

Deoxy-hydroxylamino-sugar Derivatives and Corresponding Diglycosylnitroxides Radicals A number of sugar aldonitrones, including C,N-diglycosylnitrones, and ketonitrones have been treated with Grignard reagents or cyanide anion leading to the corresponding deoxy-hydroxylamino-sugars. On oxidation (air, H5IO6 or PbO2), these compounds gave the corresponding nitroxide radicals whose ESR. spectra are reported. Analogues of disaccharides, in which the interglycosidic O-bridge is replaced by a hydroxyimino group, have been obtained by reacting a partially blocked sugar bearing a free hemiacetal group either with a deoxy-hydroxylaminosugar or with hydroxylamine, followed by reaction with an aldehydosugar and a reducing agent (NaBH4). These reactions represents the key synthetic steps for the oligosaccharide-type synthesis of deoxy-hydroxyimino-oligosaccharides. Their oxidation yielded the corresponding nitroxide radicals whose ESR. spectra gave information on the conformation about the ‘interglycosidic’ bridge. This type of compounds should constitute useful spin markers for biological studies.
Estrategia de Branding para la Red Colombiana de estudiantes de Ingeniería Biomédica y Bioingeniería (Red COLBI), Colombia 2019

La Red Colombiana de Estudiantes de Ingenieria Biomedica y Bioingenieria, Red COLBI, es una organizacion sin animos de lucro creada por y para estudiantes de estas carreras a nivel nacional, la cual tiene como objetivo lograr la realizacion de proyectos conjuntos, la movilidad estudiantil y el compartir de experiencias estudiantiles, la realizacion de eventos academicos, de divulgacion, culturales y sociales; ademas de ampliar el reconocimiento de dichas carreras en el pais. Los estudiantes pertenecientes a la Red buscan ofrecer nuevas herramientas a la sociedad y estar un paso mas cerca de alcanzar sus aspiraciones personales y profesionales por medio de esta alianza nacional. Para que esta organizacion estudiantil prospere y sea reconocida por biomedicos y bioingenieros a nivel nacional necesitaba pasar de manera inicial de ser un proyecto escrito en papel a crear una identidad, tener una voz y hacerse visible en las distintas universidades del pais, para ello se genero una marca a partir de la construccion y el entendimiento de una estrategia de branding. Como resultado la Red COLBI realizo todo un proceso de revision interna para saber que objetivos persigue, que y como desea darse a conocer y como comunicarse
Obesity, Weight Loss and Cardiovascular Risk

Background: The global prevalence of obesity is on the rise, contributing to an increased incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Obesity has adverse effects on cardiac structure and function, directly through a hemodynamic overload, and indirectly through cardiovascular risk factors and low-grade inflammation. Nevertheless, epidemiologic studies have found that once cardiovascular disease has developed, people with obesity may experience better prognosis than those with normal weight; a phenomenon termed “the obesity paradox”. Aims: The objectives of the present thesis were: 1) to investigate the effect of surgically induced long-term weight loss on the incidence of atrial fibrillation and heart failure; 2) to study possible mechanisms linking obesity to the development of heart failure; and 3) to examine the prognostic significance of different BMI categories on outcomes in a cohort of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: We analyzed data from the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study, a prospective matched intervention study comparing bariatric surgery (n=2,010) and conventional obesity treatment (n=2,040). The SOS data was merged with the Swedish National Patient Register (NPR) and with the Cause of Death Register (COD). Data from the SOS obese control group were used to study the link between obesity and heart failure (n=2,040). Data from the Swedish Registry of Catheter-borne Coronary Vessel Surgery (SCAAR) (n=25,384) were merged with the COD Register to study the prognostic significance of different BMI classes. Results: Surgically induced weight loss resulted in a significantly lower incidence of atrial fibrillation and heart failure during long-term follow-up. Atrial fibrillation and myocardial infarction, as time-dependent variables, were strongly related to incident heart failure. In patients with STEMI treated with PCI, those with BMI > 30 kg/m2 had the best outcome in unadjusted analysis, but after adjustment for age and sex individuals with BMI 25-30 kg/m2 displayed the best prognosis. Underweight patients with BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 had the highest 30-day and 1-year mortality in both unadjusted and adjusted analysis. Conclusions: In people with severe obesity, bariatric surgery induced a substantial and a sustained weight loss which resulted in a lower incidence of atrial fibrillation and heart failure. Atrial fibrillation is probably reflected by diastolic dysfunction and myocardial infarction is likely to be related to systolic dysfunction, proposing two different mechanistic pathways for the development of heart failure. Overweight displays the lowest risk for 30-day and 1-year mortality after PCI treatment of STEMI.
Utilization of BNF Technology Supplementing Urea N for Sustainable Rice Production

The critical nitrogen (N) requirement of rice crops for maximum yields is well known. To overcome acute N deficiency in rice soils as a result of an increasing yield per unit area in the past 50 years of almost three-fold, this element has been usually supplied to the rice crop as the chemical fertilizer ‘urea’. Unfortunately a substantial amount of the urea-N is lost through different mechanisms, causing environmental pollution problems. In principle, utilization of biological nitrogen fixation technology can supplement the use of urea-N, reducing the environmental problems to a considerable extent by improving nitrogen use efficiency. Different biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) systems have different potentials to provide an N supplement. It is necessary to design appropriate strategies to obtain more sustainable N supply to the rice crop. This paper reviews research to evaluate the potential of different BNF systems to supply N for the rice crop, assessing the current information.
The essential oil of Lippia graveolens H.B.K. from Jalisco, Mexico

ABSTRACT The essential oil of oregano (Lippia graveolens H.B.K.) was produced by steam distillation of samples collected from different locations in the State of Jalisco. A combination of physical and chromatographic analyses was used to determine the quality of the oils produced and to quantify thymol (the major component in this species). Based on thymol content (above 30%) and oil yield (above 1.8%), oregano from two out of twelve locations sampled in the northern part of the State of Jalisco has the possibility of a commercial exploitation.
Modeling and Optimization of an Emulsion Pertraction Process for Removal and Concentration of Cr(VI)

This work reports the modeling and optimization of an emulsion pertraction process for the removal and concentration of Cr(VI) from aqueous effluents. The emulsion pertraction technology that combines the efficiency of emulsion liquid membranes with the advantages of using hollow-fiber modules as contactors has been applied to the removal of the Cr(VI) initially contained in aqueous effluents of defined composition together with its simultaneous concentration for reuse. A mathematical model that considered mass-transfer resistances in the aqueous feed film and in the membrane phase coupled to the kinetics of the back-extraction reaction described satisfactorily well the experimental results of Cr(VI) removal and concentration obtained after careful planning. Finally, the methodology leading to the determination of the optimal flow configuration that maximizes the effluent flowrate treated by the process is presented; a two-step process has been proposed, and its optimal operation has been found by solving.
Underwater Laser Welding by 4 kW CW YAG Laser

In May 2000 JSME issued Rules on fitness-for-service for nuclear power plants, which define allowable flaw sizes at operating nuclear power plants, and based on evaluation against these rules, rational repairs were to be realized. According to results, rational in-situ repairs were urgently needed on aged nuclear power plants, and since underwater laser repairs met utilities requirements, the authors developed underwater YAG laser repair technology. Hitachi installed the equipment at JAPEIC (Japan Power Engineering and Inspection Corporation) in 1998 and implemented 0.3MPa underwater YAG laser welding in both downward and horizontal direction repairs, even in a U groove work piece. Metallurgical studies are ongoing.
On Identifying the Critical Nodes and Vulnerable Edges For Increasing Network Security

The recent increase in internet-related crimes and sophistication of hacker techniques has shown the importance of introducing new topics and researches on Cybersecurity which will help professionals reduce the probability of attacks. In this paper, we focus on the computer network security by finding the vulnerable components of the networks which are very critical for protecting infrastructure and network system performances. In a typical attack case, an attacker would first exploit the weak elements on a network, and then he/she only needs to target some critical edges or nodes. As a case of study, we choose which nodes or edges would be attacked on a social network by using four centrality measures such as degree, closeness, eigenvector, and betweenness centrality. We attempt to characterize and provide insights into the topology of the networks and collaborations within engineering education research. We balance all the above concepts by using similar ideas as in Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) which is a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) technique focusing on node importance and asset criticality. This technique will help us to demonstrate and distinguish critical nodes which will help network and security professionals make the right decision.
A novel algorithm for characterization of order in materials

In this work, we present a simple approach for devising order parameters (OPs) for atomic systems based on pattern recognition techniques. It exploits the fact that all crystalline substances are characterized by a unique “signature” cell (SC) which is constructed using a central atom and its nearest NSC neighbors in a given crystal. The algorithm measures the local degree of similarity between a SC and the system to be analyzed. The best fit of a SC to NSC atoms surrounding a given atom in the system is determined by maximizing a fictitious energy of binding among those atoms and the SC atoms. The fictitious potential energy is designed to give maximum attractive energy for maximum overlap. The maximum binding energy of interaction attained in this process is used as a measure of similarity between the crystal structure and the system (i.e., as an OP). The proposed method provides a unified and intuitive approach for constructing relevant OPs for a given system. We used these OPs to characterize the orde.
Effect of silica polymerization on the oxalate-promoted dissolution of goethite

Numerous studies have investigated the ligand-promoted dissolution of Fe (oxyhydr)oxides. In natural environments, inorganic ligands can compete with organic ligands for surface sites on (oxyhydr)oxides which may influence dissolution rates. Published research of this interaction and its effect on the dissolution of (oxyhydr)oxides is rare. The objective of the present study was to examine the extent to which silica, as a naturally occurring competitive ligand added in the form of silicic acid, impacts the oxalate-promoted dissolution of the common soil Fe (oxyhydr)oxide goethite. Sorbed silica reduced the oxalate-promoted dissolution rate of goethite at all surface coverages investigated. As initial silica solution concentrations increased from 0.50 mM to 5.0 mM, relatively little change in the dissolution rate was observed. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra indicated that, as silica-surface coverages increased, the silica underwent polymerization on the goethite surface. Initially, silicate was associated with surface functional groups, but as polymerization occurred some of the silica appeared to desorb from the goethite surface without being released into the bulk solution, suggesting that silica polymers formed discrete islands or surface clusters that grew away from the goethite surface rather than expanding epitaxially across the surface. Minimal changes were observed in the quantity of reactive goethite surface, which is responsible for the observed dissolution rates, as silica-surface coverages increased.
Long and short chains in a polymeric brush : A conformational transition

End-anchored macromolecules admixed to a homogeneous monodisperse planar brush and differing from the majority brush-forming chains only by molecular mass take three different types of conformation, depending on its polymerization index, K, relative to that of the majority chains, N. The fraction of the admixed macromolecules is taken to be small. Shorter minority chains form slightly deformed random coils with both the average end height and its fluctuation proportional to K1/2. A longer minority chain with K > N acquires an inhomogeneous flower-like conformation: an N-segment stem of height H equal to the thickness of the brush and a randomly coiled crown outside the brush. The stem is strongly stretched and fluctuates only weakly. The transition from one type of conformation to another occurs as the number of segments of the minority chain, K, changes within a narrow range around N, where the chain is simultaneously strongly stretched and strongly fluctuating. We show that the coil-to-flower transitio.
Electronic structure and band-gap modulation of graphene via substrate surface chemistry

We have studied the electronic structure of graphene deposited on a SiO2 surface using density functional methods. The band structure of the graphene monolayer strongly depends on surface characteristics of the underlying SiO2 surface; for an oxygen-terminated surface, the monolayer exhibits a finite energy band gap while the band gap is closed when the oxygen atoms on the substrate are passivated with hydrogen atoms. We find that at least a graphene bilayer is required for a near zero energy gap when deposited on a substrate without H-passivation. Our results are discussed in the light of recent experiments.
Condensation heat transfer on two-tier superhydrophobic surfaces

We investigated water vapor condensation on a two-tier superhydrophobic surface in an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) and in a customer-designed vapor chamber. We have observed continuous dropwise condensation (DWC) on the textured surface in ESEM. However, a film layer of condensate was formed on the multiscale texture in the vapor chamber. Due to the filmwise condensation, the condensation heat transfer coefficient of the superhydrophobic surface is lower than that of a flat hydrophobic surface especially under high heat flux situations. Our studies indicate that adaptive and prompt condensate droplet purging is the dominant factor for sustaining long-term DWC.
Synthesis and Photovoltaic Properties of Conjugated Polymers Having Push-pull Structure according to the Type of Side-chain in the N-Substituted Phenothiazine

는 물질을 개발하기 위한 연구가 진행되고 있으며, 그중 전자주개와 전자받개의 이종접합 구조가 서로 무작위로 섞인 벌크이종접합(bulk heterojunction, BHJ)의 구조가 높은 효율을 가질 수 있을 것으로 기대하고 있다. 전자받개 물질로 풀러렌 유도체인 [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyl acid methyl ester (PCBM)이 대표적으로 사용되고 있으며, 전자주개 물질로 poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV), poly(thiophene) (PHT) 등이 있다[5-8]. 특히 PHT에 6개의 탄소를 가진 헥실기가 치환된 poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT)는 현재 상용화되어 있으며, 비교적 간단한 합성과정과 고순도, 고분자량의 고분자를 만들 수 있고, 최근 PCBM과 블렌딩하여 6∼7%대의 효율도 보고되었다[11,12]. 그러나 OPVs가 상용화되기 위해 일반적으로 거론되는 10∼15%의 효율에는 미치지 못하고[9,10], 상대적으로 넓은 밴드 갭(≈ 2.0 eV)을 갖고 있
Co3S4 porous nanosheets embedded in graphene sheets as high-performance anode materials for lithium and sodium storage

Co3S4 porous nanosheets embedded in flexible graphene sheets have been synthesized through a simple freeze-drying and subsequent hydrazine treatment process. The robust structural stability of the as-prepared three-dimensional sandwich-like Co3S4–PNS/GS composite affords improved rate performance and cycling stability for both lithium and sodium storage.