Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploiting Power for Smartphone Security and Privacy

Power consumption has become a key issue for smartphone security and privacy protection. In this dissertation, we propose to exploit power for smartphone security, as well as to optimize energy consumption for smartphone privacy. First, we show that public USB charging stations pose a significant privacy risk to smartphone users. We present a side-channel attack that allows a charging station to identify which webpages are loaded while the smartphone is charging. To evaluate this side-channel, we collected power traces of Alexa top 50 websites on multiple smartphones under several conditions, including: varied battery charging level, browser cache enabled/disabled, taps/no taps on the screen, WiFi/LTE, TLS encryption enabled/disabled, di↵erent amounts of time elapsed between collection of training and testing data, and various hosting locations of the website being visited. The results of our evaluation show that the attack is highly successful: in many settings, we were able to achieve over 90% accuracy on webpage identification. On the other hand, our experiments also show that this side-channel is sensitive to some of the aforementioned conditions. Second, we introduce a new attack that allows a malicious charging station to identify which website is being visited by a smartphone user via Tor network. Our attack solely depends on power measurements performed while the user is charging her smartphone. We evaluated the attack by training a machine learning model on power traces from 50 regular webpages and 50 Tor hidden services. We considered realistic constraints such as di↵erent Tor circuits types and battery charging levels. We were able to correctly identify webpages visited using the o cial mobile Tor browser with accuracy of up to 85.7% when the battery was fully charged, and up to 46% when the battery level was between 30% and 50%. Our results show that hidden services can be identified with higher accuracies than regular webpages. Third, we propose a memoryand energy-e cient garbled circuit evaluation mechanism named MEG on smartphones. MEG utilizes batch data transmission and multi-threading to reduce memory and energy consumption. We implement MEG on Android smartphones and compare its performance with existing methods (non-pipelined and pipelined). Two garbled circuits of di↵erent scales, 128-bit AES encryption (AES-128) and 256-bit Levenshtein distance (EDT-256), are considered. Our measurement results show that compared with non-pipelined method, MEG decreases the memory consumption by up to 97.5% for EDT-256 when batch size is 2 MB. Compared with pipelined method, MEG reduces the energy consumption by up to 42% for AES-128 and 23% for EDT-256. Multi-thread MEG also significantly decreases the circuit evaluation time by up to 56.7% for AES-128 and up to 13.5% for EDT-256.
Core Earnings: New Data and Evidence

Using a novel dataset, we show that components of firms' GAAP earnings stemming from ancillary business activities or transitory shocks are significant in frequency and magnitude. These components have grown over time and are dispersed across various sections of the 10-K. Excluding them from GAAP earnings yields a core earnings measure that distinguishes between the recurring and non-recurring components of net income and forecasts future performance. Analysts and market participants are slow to impound these earnings components' implications, particularly the amounts disclosed in footnotes. Trading strategies that exploit non-core earnings produce abnormal returns of 8% per year.
Study On The Composition Of Dietary Fiber On The Parts of the Thallus Brown Algae (Sargassum duplicatum) and Fatty Acids On The Parts Of The Thallus Brown Algae (Sargassum duplicatum)

Brown algae commonly used by communities as a source of dietary fiber to improve digestion. Brown algae are very popular, especially in Japan, China and Korea as one of the main components of the daily diet intake (Sachindra, 2007). Dietary fiber or dietary fiber is a carbohydrate that can not be hydrolyzed by human digestive enzymes and will reach the colon intact dietary fiber distinguished by their solubility in water, namely Total dietary fiber consisting of a water-soluble dietary fiber components soluble diatery fiber such as gum and pectin. The composition of dietary fiber on the parts of the thallus brown algae (Sargassum duplicatum) is insoluble dietary fiber (Insoluble Dietary Fiber or IDF) on parts of the brown alga thallus Sargassum duplicatum amounted to 31.5729% on the shaft; 31.5414 % in the leaves, and 30.4965% on the overall Thallus. Dietary fiber is soluble (Soluble Dietary Fiber or SDF) of 2.9934% in the overall Thallus; 2.1037% on the trunk, and 1.9813% on the leaves. Total dietary fiber (Total Dietary Fiber or TDF) of 33.6766% on the shaft; 33.5227% on the leaves, and 33.4898% on the overall Thallus. Fatty acid composition on the parts of the Thallus brown algae (Sargassum duplicatum) that there are 17 types of fatty acids, which consists of 9 different types of saturated fatty acids (Saturated Fatty Acid or SAFA) as capric acid (C10: 0), lauric acid (C12 : 0), myristic acid (C14: 0), palmitic acid (C16: 0), margariat acid (C17: 0) stearic acid (C18: 0), eikosanoat acid (C20: 0), behenic acid (C22: 0) and terakosanoat acid (C24: 0), and 3 types of MUFA (Monounsaturated Fatty acids) such as palmitoleic acid (C16: 1), oleic acid (C18: 1, n-9), eikosenoat acid (C20: 1, n-9); and 5 types of PUFA (Polyunsaturated Fatty acids) such as linoleic acid (C18: 2), linolenic acid (C18: 3), eikosadinoat acid (C20:2), arakidat acid (C20: 4) and acid eikosapentanoat /EPA (C20:5 ).
Openness and economic growth in developing and OECD countries

This study explores the linkage between openness and economic growth in 86 developing and OECD countries from 1977 to 2011, using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimations. The empirical findings reveal that openness generally promotes economic growth in developing and OECD countries. This is consistent with the endogenous growth theory which states that growth increases with trade openness.
What's trending in breathlessness research? Proceedings from the 8th Annual Meeting of the Breathlessness Research Interest Group

Breathlessness remains a challenging symptom, common to a multitude of malignant and non-malignant diseases, for which there are limited effective therapies once disease control is optimized. The American Thoracic Society (ATS) statement on dyspnoea reports that: (i) progress in dyspnoea management has not matched progress in elucidating underlying mechanisms; (ii) there is a critical need for interdisciplinary translational research to connect dyspnoea mechanisms with treatments; and (iii) there is a need to validate dyspnoea measures as patient-reported outcomes for clinical trials. Research into the many dimensions of breathlessness and its significance to patients and their carers has increased in recent years. This meeting is convened yearly to bring together researchers across various disciplines including respiratory medicine, anaesthetics, medical humanities, engineering, and palliative care, to further understanding of the symptom, discuss new techniques and advances in research, and pave the way forward for future studies and interventions. The presentations generated much vibrant discussion amongst the multidisciplinary attendees and highlighted areas where care for breathless patients could be improved. This is a positive time for breathlessness research, with several ATS research priorities being addressed and it is clear that further studies and ensuing interventions are on the horizon.
Prepared for submission to JHEP Multi-cover skeins , quivers , and 3 d N = 2 dualities

The relation between open topological strings and representation theory of symmetric quivers is explored beyond the original setting of the knot-quiver correspondence. Multiple cover generalizations of the skein relation for boundaries of holomorphic disks on a Lagrangian brane are observed to generate dual quiver descriptions of the geometry. Embedding into M-theory, a large class of dualities of 3d N = 2 theories associated to quivers is obtained. The multi-cover skein relation admits a compact formulation in terms of quantum torus algebras associated to the quiver and in this language the relations are similar to wall-crossing identities of Kontsevich and Soibelman. ar X iv :1 91 0. 06 19 3v 2 [ he pth ] 1 1 Fe b 20 20
Retina Effect of Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor on Retinal Function after Experimental Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion

RESULTS. In GDNF-treated BRVO eyes, P1 and iN1 amplitudes (P 1⁄4 0.51 and 0.78) or implicit times (P1⁄4 0.08 and 0.99) did not differ from those in healthy fellow eyes. After vehicle injection, P1 and iN1 amplitudes of BRVO eyes were significantly lower than in the healthy fellow eye (P 1⁄4 0.022 and 0.013). The log ratios of mfERG amplitudes between experimental and healthy fellow eyes were calculated (BRVO/healthy). GDNF improved the ratios of the four-frame mfERG (1.29 [0.88–1.88]) compared with vehicle (0.32 [0.21–0.50], P < 0.001). Equally, GDNF improved the ratios of the standard mfERG; GDNF (0.75 [0.51–1.10]) and vehicle (0.42 [0.27–0.63], P 1⁄4 0.048).
Downlink Interference Alignment with Multi-User and Multi-Beam Diversity for Fog RANs

In this paper, we propose a novel opportunistic downlink interference alignment with a beam selection (ODIA-BS) technique for fog-radio access networks (F- RANs). With joint transmit and receive beamforming strategies, inter-cell interference is effectively suppressed and intra-cell interference is perfectly eliminated. The performance in terms of sum-rate is improved by selecting a proper transmit beam through F- RAN with low signaling overheads. We also develop a spectrally-efficient ODIA-BS (SE-ODIA-BS) technique to further improve the sum-rate performance, where the scheduler at remote radio head selects users with the most orthogonal effective channel vector to each other. Through extensive computer simulations, it is shown that the sum-rate of the proposed ODIA-BS and SE-OIDA- BS techniques outperform other conventional schemes in the F-RAN environment.
Using Audio Onset Detection Algorithms

This research implements existing audio onset detection algorithms to analyze flute audio signals. The motivation for this research is to determine which techniques work better for real-time analysis. By methodically analyzing several wellknown, pre-existing onset detection algorithms using a solo flute audio signal, exemplary audio features and analysis techniques will be determined. Flute audio signals are unique, in that they mimic pure sinusoidal tendencies more so than other woodwind audio signals. The analysis of these algorithms will contribute to the field of research in flute note onset detection.
A Survey of Blind Forensics Techniques for JPEG Image Tampering

Blind forensics of JPEG image tampering as a kind of digital image blind forensics technology is gradually becoming a new research hotspot in the field of image security. Firstly, the main achievements of domestic and foreign scholars in the blind forensic technology of JPEG image tampering were briefly described. Then, according to the different methods of tampering and detection, the current detection was divided into two types: double JPEG compression detection and block effect inconsistency detection. This paper summarized the existing methods of JPEG image blind forensics detection, and analyzed the two methods. Finally, the existing problems and future research trends were analyzed and prospected to provide further theoretical support for the research of JPEG image blind forensics technology.
Acoustic Remote Sensing for Irrigation Systems Control in Agriculture

The paper addresses the problem of measuring free water on the surface of agricultural soils by an accurate real-time acoustic method. The generation of free water is the result of a fine balance between the irrigation rate and the rate at which the soil can transport water away from the surface and is the primary cause of inefficient and environmentally-harmful losses during an irrigation event. The innovative component of the project is vested in the development of directional acoustic arrays and sophisticated signal processing which can remotely detect free water on the soil surface via changes in reflectivity. The proposed method estimates the amount of free water on the soil surface based on the changes in the amplitude of the reflected sound waves. Our preliminary results show that sound wave reflectivity depends on the proportion of the soil surface covered by water. The presented results are based on both laboratory and field measurements.
STUDIES ON THE APPLICATION OF MOEA / D TO AERODYNAMIC OPTIMIZATION DESIGN

Aerodynamic multi-objective optimization problem (AMOP) is common in aerodynamic optimization design (AOD). Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms (MOEAs) are popular to solve AMOPs since they can obtain a set of solutions called Pareto optimal in a single run. Since numerically evaluating the objective of AOD is generally computationally expensive and time consuming, improving the convergence performance of MOEAs and focusing the computational resource on the solutions that the decision maker (DM) most interested in are two important aspects to solve AMOP better. An improved multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition using a combined operator is used to improve the convergence performance. Several methods of solving AMOP considering the DM’s preference are also discussed which focus the computational efforts on the Pareto solutions that suit the DM’s preference better. Multi-objective test functions and aerodynamic optimization design of airfoil is tested. The results show that the improved algorithm is capable to solve AMOPs with user preference, and converge faster than the original algorithm.
Ecological risk assessment of the Marshall Islands longline tuna fi shery

To support implementing an ecosystem approach to fisheries management, ecological risk assessment (ERA) methods have recently been developed for the continuum of data-deficient to data-rich fisheries. A semi-quantitative ERA was conducted for the Marshall Islands longline bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) fishery. The study used information from analyses of observer data, surveys of captains and crew and inventories of gear and equipment. Relative risks were evaluated through a consideration of phylogenetic uniqueness, risk of population extirpation, risk of species extinction and importance in ecosystem regulation. The fishery presents a highest relative risk to leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea), hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata), green (Chelonia mydas) and olive Ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) sea turtle Regional Management Units that overlap with the fishery, in that order. The next highest relative risk is to affected stocks of oceanic whitetip (Carcharhinus longimanus), blue (Prionace glauca), and silky (Carcharhinus falciformis) sharks, in that sequence. Seabird bycatch is likely not problematic. There was inadequate information to assess risks to cetacean populations. Risks to stocks of market and non-market species of marine fishes with r-selected life history characteristics were not assessed. This is because estimates of critical threshold levels of local and absolute abundance and current biomass are not known for many of these stocks. Several best practice gear technology methods to mitigate problematic catch of vulnerable species groups are currently employed: monofilament leaders, whole fish for bait, singlehooking fish bait, no lightsticks, and no fishing at shallow submerged features. Setting terminal tackle below 100 m and carrying and using best practice handling and release equipment were methods identified to reduce fishing mortality and injury of vulnerable species. More information is needed to determine if weaker hooks should be prescribed to mitigate cetacean bycatch. The large benefit to sea turtles of replacing remaining J-shaped hooks with circle hooks might outweigh a possible small increase in elasmobranch catch rates. The consumption of 2024 l of fuel per tonne of landed catch, which is within the range of available estimated rates from similar fisheries, could be reduced, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, through more frequent maintenance and upgrading vessel equipment and materials. Observer data quality may be adequate to support a quantitative Level 3 ERA to determine the significance of the effect of various factors on standardized catch rates and to estimate population-level effects from fishing
Lights and shadows in Physics teaching using laboratory-based practice . Approaches to educational research

The aim of this paper is to find a teacher's concerns, difficulties and knowledge construction when he begins to be part of the field of science education research. Based on an experience carried out for the teaching of spectroscopy in secondary school level Physics lessons, a reflection is raised on the practice itself aimed at transforming the teaching task into an object of action research for the teacher. The processes involved in the selection of the topic, the basis for the design and implementation of the practical activity and the observations of the teacher are described.
Effective Radiation Area ( Sd ) for Axisymmetric Loudspeakers Radiating in an Infinite Baffle Using a Near Field Analysis

In this paper, the effective radiation area (Sd) is obtained (theoretically and experimentally) for different loudspeakers. For this purpose, is considered a near field approach. This method is theoretically based in previous works that use the geometrical properties of different axisymmetric pistons and calculate the effective radiation area by positioning the pistons in an infinite baffle. In the case of loudspeakers, the calculations are redefined with the new geometrical conditions, in order to increase the precision of the results. Finally, these results are compared with the listed effective radiation area of the loudspeakers data sheets, and other techniques, in order to set the accuracy of the measurement.
Unlikely pioneers : creative climate policymaking in smaller U . S . cities

With the U.S. federal government stepping away from climate change, a number of cities have indicated that they will continue efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Broad statistical analysis and case studies of larger and often progressive cities have provided some insight into what drives local governments to act on climate change mitigation. However, the vast majority of U.S. municipalities, most of them small, do nothing. Understanding what might drive smaller, poorer, and less progressive places is important if local governments are expected to take the lead on this global commons issue. In this exploratory study, I examine a group of “unlikely pioneers” – communities that statistical modeling indicates are least likely to undertake climate change action, but then do act. Using interviews and document reviews in twelve of these communities, I seek to answer the question: what drives these unlikely pioneers to act? I find that local leaders reframe climate action as a way to save money and attract economic development. Personal environmental ethics drive small town leaders to act on climate change. Citizen committees can provide technical resources and political support. Otherwise, and more subtly, citizens can create a political environment that reduces resistance to climate change policymaking. Despite research that indicates fiscal health is correlated to increased sustainability, no communities in this study initiated climate mitigation from general revenues. All required grants or other revenue to act. In four of the communities, the income from municipally-owned utilities provided the fiscal resources for climate change programs.
Uncertainty in the Last Mile

Over the past decade, there has been a proliferation of low-veracity data sources like personal sensing and data extracted from the web. Decades of research on probabilistic data management have explored how to make uncertainty a first-class primitive in database management systems. However, efforts in this space have remained largely algorithmic, focusing more on how to efficiently perform computations over probabilistic or incomplete data and less on how the data is to be consumed. In this paper, we tackle the problem of uncertain data management from a user-focused perspective. We conducted a usability study in which we explored how users interact with different representations of uncertainty. As one result of this study, we found that low-detail representations of uncertainty could still be effective at communicating uncertainty and could help users to efficiently make decisions based on uncertain data. We then identified a range of query evaluation strategies well suited for generating these representations and implemented them in our probabilistic data cleaning system, Mimir. Unsurprisingly, we found a clear tradeoff between the level of detail conveyed by the representation and the computational cost of generating it. In summary, this paper demonstrates that, for user-facing applications, existing techniques developed for probabilistic data management can be simplified, and that it is possible to create a user-facing probabilistic database competitive with classical DBMSes.
Factors contributing to oral health service use by the elderly in Payakumbuh City, West Sumatra

High elderly population in Indonesia might increase oral health problems, contributing to systemic disease. Comprehensive and complete oral health services involving promotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative services would improve oral and dental health statuses of the elderly. The current study evaluated factors contributing to oral health service utilization for elderly in elderly posyandu, Payakumbuh City through a cross-sectional study design using a purposive sampling method. Normative need data for 291 elderly individuals was obtained by screening the dental and oral health statuses, while data regarding predisposing, supporting, perceived need factors, and oral health service utilization were obtained by completing a questionnaire through an interview. The average age of the subjects was 65.91 years, sex proportion was 20.3% male and 79.7% female, and average DMFT was 22.6 with a 17.8 MT value. The percentages of oral health service utilization and healthcare insurance card holders were 19.6% and 87.6%, respectively, and the logistic regression result was double on six modeling with an R-square value of 0.380. Factors contributing to oral health service utilization for the elderly were age, educational status, systemic disease history, and socioeconomic status. The four variables on the modeling were able to predict 38% of oral health service variations for the elderly. Clinical article (J Int Dent Med Res 2019; 12(3): 1123-1130)