Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dirichlet-to-Neumann Maps : Spectral Theory , Inverse Problems and Applications ( 16 w 5083 )

The five day workshop “Dirichlet-to-Neumann Maps: Spectral Theory, Inverse Problems and Applications (16w5083)” that took place in Oaxaca brought together researchers exploring different aspects of the Dirichletto-Neumann maps. The two central subjects of the meeting were inverse problems and spectral geometry. The study of inverse problems for the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator goes back to the celebrated work of Calderón [11] and is a well established subject with many applications, notably to geophysics and medical imaging. The landmark results on Calderón’s inverse problem include [49] where Sylvester and Uhlmann, both of whom participated in the workshop, solved the problem in the smooth conformally Euclidean case in dimensions three and higher; [41] where Nachman solved the problem in dimension two, and [5] where Astala and Päivärinta solved the two dimensional case assuming only L∞-regularity. The spectral geometry of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map is a new and rapidly developing branch of geometric spectral theory (see [27] and references therein). The eigenvalue problem for the Dirichlet-toNeumann map is called the Steklov problem, as it was first introduced by V.A. Steklov more than a century ago. Despite such a long history, the geometric properties of Steklov eigenvalues and eigenfunctions remained relatively unexplored until recently. In the last decade, a number of important results were obtained on isoperimetric inequalities for Steklov eigenvalues, spectral asymptotics and geometric invariants associated with the Steklov spectrum, as well as nodal geometry of the Steklov eigenfunctions. These topics were in the focus of the workshop.
Ring-Width Variations of Bursera At Laipuna increment wood cores and discs from Bursera

We (subproject C1) quantified the impact of different environmental predictors for the distribution of the most common tree species in our study area, Figure 23: Habitat–suitability map for the tree Cecropia angusti folia. Blue colors indicate areas that are suited for this species, whereas red areas are less suited. Green dots represent all trees of C. angustifolia in the study area. Graphic: D. Kübler. Ring-Width Variations of Bursera
AN INTERIOR LINEARIZATION METHOD1

where f(x) and each component of the vector function g(x) is a convex scalar function, and Q ⊆ R is a convex closed set in R. There are several approaches to the solution of this problem. One of these, based on the gradient method, has been used as the basis of very many modi cations intended for the solution of problem (1.1). We will be discussing modi cations associated with the idea of linearization, arrived at as follows: if x∗ is a minimum point of problem (1.1), then we have the necessary and su cient conditions x∗ = πΩ[x∗ − α∇f(x∗)], (1.2)
Presence and Growth of Naturalized Escherichia coli in Temperate Soils from Lake Superior Watersheds

ABSTRACT The presence of Escherichia coli in water is used as an indicator of fecal contamination, but recent reports indicate that soil populations can also be detected in tropical, subtropical, and some temperate environments. In this study, we report that viable E. coli populations were repeatedly isolated from northern temperate soils in three Lake Superior watersheds from October 2003 to October 2004. Seasonal variation in the population density of soilborne E. coli was observed; the greatest cell densities, up to 3 × 103 CFU/g soil, were found in the summer to fall (June to October), and the lowest numbers, ≤1 CFU/g soil, occurred during the winter to spring months (February to May). Horizontal, fluorophore-enhanced repetitive extragenic palindromic PCR (HFERP) DNA fingerprint analyses indicated that identical soilborne E. coli genotypes, those with ≥92% similarity values, overwintered in frozen soil and were present over time. Soilborne E. coli strains had HFERP DNA fingerprints that were unique to specific soils and locations, suggesting that these E. coli strains became naturalized, autochthonous members of the soil microbial community. In laboratory studies, naturalized E. coli strains had the ability to grow and replicate to high cell densities, up to 4.2 × 105 CFU/g soil, in nonsterile soils when incubated at 30 or 37°C and survived longer than 1 month when soil temperatures were ≤25°C. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the growth of naturalized E. coli in nonsterile, nonamended soils. The presence of significant populations of naturalized populations of E. coli in temperate soils may confound the use of this bacterium as an indicator of fecal contamination.
HETEROGENEOUS CHIRAL CATALYST DERIVED FROM HYDROLYZED OCTADECYLTRICHLOROSILANE FUNCTIONALIZED BY AMINO ACIDS RESEARCH MONOGRAPH

Heterogeneous asymmetric catalysis remains as an exciting research field in chiral catalysis since the heterogeneous catalyst can be separated easily from the reaction mixture compare to conventional homogeneous catalyst. The aim of the research is to develop and investigate a novel heterogeneous asymmetric catalyst using amino acid as chiral promoter. The catalysts were synthesized by attachment of amino acids such as L-glutamic acid, L-leucine and L-phenylalanine onto the hydrophilic part of hydrolyzed octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS). The short-range order structure of silicon and organic groups in the catalysts has been confirmed by solid-state Si and C cross-polarization magic-angle-spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopies, respectively. The solid state MAS NMR results showed that the amino acids interacted with hydrolyzed OTS. This phenomenon was supported by C NMR spectra which showed the signals of the peaks of L-glutamic acid, L-leucine and Lphenylalanine were shifted towards a higher magnetic field. It was confirmed by Si NMR spectra which showed the peaks of cross-linked –(OH)Si(R)-O(OH)Si(R)(R=octadecyl group) whereas those of R–Si≡(OSiR)3 were not present in amino acid-hydrolyzed OTS. This result suggested that the amino acid was attached via cross-linked –(OH)Si(R)-O-(OH)Si(R)of hydrolyzed OTS. The amino acidhydrolyzed OTS materials were used as catalysts for the asymmetric hydration of epoxycyclohexene to yield two diastereoisomers, namely (1R,2R)-trans-1,2cyclohexanediol, (1S,2S)-trans-1,2-cyclohexanediol and cis-1,2-cyclohexanediol.
Effect of the teaching and learning mathematics strategy based on metacognitive scaffolding on instructional efficiency

Metacognitive scaffolding (MS) with self-questioning is helpful in promoting student problem solving skill and independent learning. MS deals with the process of learning which helps the students to think, control, and monitor their learning. The instructional condition will be more efficient if the performance of student achievement in problems solving needs less than mental effort invested or equivalent. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to examine the effect of the scaffolding metacognitive strategy on instructional efficiency. The results of quasi-experiments indicated that the MS strategy fulfilled the direct effect to instructional efficiency. This data provide support for the claim that MS strategy is superior in comparison to the conventional teaching. Students in the experimental group showed an overall favorable view towards the implementation of MS strategy. They viewed that the MS strategy is an interesting, new, simple, and easy instructional format to use in mathematics learning.
Title : Adaptation in isolated populations : when does it happen and when can we tell ? Authors

Isolated populations with novel phenotypes present an exciting opportunity to uncover the genetic basis of ecologically significant adaptation, and genomic scans for positive selection in such populations have often, but not always, led to candidate genes directly related to an adaptive phenotype. However, in many cases these populations were established by a severe bottleneck, which can make identifying targets of selection problematic. Here we simulate severe bottlenecks and subsequent selection on standing variation, mimicking adaptation after establishment of a new small population, such as an island or an artificial selection experiment. Using simulations of single loci under positive selection and population genetics theory, we examine how population size and age of the population isolate affects the ability of outlier scans for selection to identify adaptive alleles using both single site measures and haplotype structure. We find and explain an optimal combination of selection strength, starting frequency, and age of the adaptive allele, which we refer to as a Goldilocks zone, where adaptation is likely to occur, and yet the adaptive variants are most likely to derive from a single ancestor (a "hard" selective sweep) ; in this zone, 1 . CC-BY-NC 4.0 International license peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not . http://dx.doi. org/10.1101/052050 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online May. 7, 2016;
Short Communication: Seed germination of twelve Indonesian begonias for conservation

Abstract. Efendi M, Handayani A, Lailaty IQ. 2019. Short Communication: Seed germination of twelve Indonesian begonias for conservation. Biodiversitas 20: 1192-1197. Knowledge of seed quality is essential when seeds are stored for the long term. A preliminary study on Begonia seed conservation was conducted, to characterize morphology and germination testing on native Begonia from Indonesia. As many as 12 species of Indonesian Begonia were observed for the characteristics of fruit and seeds. Later, we tested the level of seed viability at different levels of fruit maturity. The experimental design used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Tool for Agricultural Research (STAR) program and further testing the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5% significance level. Generally, all seeds were barrel-like in shape, the smallest size in B. muricata (252.42 µm length), and the largest size in B. areolata (up to 451.42µm length, while the operculum 28.48 µm-104.9 µm length). Most Begonia seeds start germinating in the second and third weeks after sowing. B. scottii, and B. verecunda, as well as B. longifolia, showed germination in the second week, while other species tended not to be simultaneous. Dry seed germination was higher than seed wet for eight weeks. B. longifolia and B. scottii had the highest germination in wet seed treatment: while in the dry seed treatment, the highest germination was showed by B. areolata and B. muricata.
Six-Phase Double-Stator Inner-Rotor Axial Flux PM Machines With Novel Detached Winding

This paper proposes a novel detached winding configuration for asymmetric six-phase double-stator axial flux permanent magnet machines aiming at fault-tolerant applications. Due to the machine unique double-stator structure, the six-phase winding can be separated into two three-phase windings with 30 electrical degree angle shift and arranged in different stators, which is the basic idea of the detached winding. In this paper, the connection of detached six-phase winding is first given, followed by a comprehensive comparison of the conventional six-phase winding and the detached winding in aspect such as the winding factor, electromotive force, inductances, rotor eddy current loss, and torque in normal condition. Performance under fault-tolerant operation is investigated by the copper loss minimization control strategy. The results show that by applying the detached winding instead of the conventional winding, rotor eddy current losses could be reduced by 25% and 70% under normal and fault-tolerant operation, respectively, without sacrificing torque output. This implies that under fault operation, the excess heating in rotor could be reduced and the machine durability can be enhanced. A prototype machine is built to validate the performance of the detached winding design. The experimental results match well with simulation analysis.
Combining of Cryptography and Steganography for Improving of Security

To hide hidden data in digital images, a variety of techniques are available, some of which are more complex than others. Public key cryptography is very useful for applications, and the technique used depends on the requirements for encryption and encryption data. Hiding is a kind of hiding method in which the host image is exactly retrievable. Presence lossless makes this technique suitable for medical and military applications. The image pixels are replaced with additional data into new values to embed several data pixels by S-block at multiple layers. From the original image, the embedded data can be extracted and the original image can be recovered from the decrypted image directly. Embedded data can be extracted directly from the encrypted domain. The decryption of the original plaintext image doesn’t affect the data embedding operation. With the combined technique, before decryption, a receiver may extract a part of embedded data, and recover the original plaintext image after decryption. A slight distortion is introduced due to the compatibility between the lossless and reversible schemes. The data embedding operations can be performed in the two manners simultaneously performed in an encrypted image and decrypted image. In this thesis, the design of Caesar cipher and Vigenere cipher is presented. Block 4 provides good encryption properties and software productivity. The proposed technique for the design of the S-box chain chaos provides a very secure level. The result of the implementation shows that the proposed method is suitable for lightweight cryptography due to the use of low resources using the C # . Net implementation tool.
Implementation of an Integrated Differential Readout Circuit for Transistor-Based Physically Unclonable Functions

Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) offer enticing possibilities to incorporate hardware-based security on semiconductor device level. In order to make efficient use of PUF functionality in lightweight cryptographic applications, a low-overhead implementation in terms of chip area and power consumption is required. In this paper a fully differential readout circuit is proposed that allows the generation of multiple bits from selected pairs of PUF-elements. The IC-design and working principle are explained on basis of a critically-sized nMOS transistor array serving as a PUF-primitive. First results obtained from circuit simulations and wafer-level measurements of 30 PUF-instances fabricated in a 0.35&#xb5;m CMOS technology are presented. Evaluation of the intra- and inter-Hamming distance with average values of 9.42% and 49.46%, respectively, shows that device identification based on the extracted keys is feasible. In order to increase the number of unique keys obtainable for each PUF-instance layout improvements in form of additional row select connections are proposed.
Interaction of IL-2R beta and gamma c chains with Jak1 and Jak3: implications for XSCID and XCID.

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) signaling requires the dimerization of the IL-2 receptor beta. (IL-2R beta) and common gamma (gamma c) chains. Mutations of gamma c can result in X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (XSCID). IL-2, IL-4, IL-7 (whose receptors are known to contain gamma c), and IL-9 (whose receptor is shown here to contain gamma c) induced the tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of the Janus family tyrosine kinases Jak1 and Jak3. Jak1 and Jak3 associated with IL-2R beta and gamma c, respectively; IL-2 induced Jak3-IL-2R beta and increased Jak3-gamma c associations. Truncations of gamma c, and a gamma c, point mutation causing moderate X-linked combined immunodeficiency (XCID), decreased gamma c-Jak3 association. Thus, gamma c mutations in at least some XSCID and XCID patients prevent normal Jak3 activation, suggesting that mutations of Jak3 may result in an XSCID-like phenotype.
Single gene insertion drives bioalcohol production by a thermophilic archaeon

Significance The microbial production of ethanol (bioethanol) is a massive commercialized technology. Though alcohols with longer carbon chains are chemically much better suited for current transportation needs, their biotechnological production remains challenging. Here we have engineered the model hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus to produce various alcohols from their corresponding organic acids by constructing a synthetic route termed the AOR/AdhA pathway. Our study is also the first example, to our knowledge, of significant alcohol formation in an archaeon, emphasizing the biotechnological potential of novel microorganisms. Moreover, we show that carbon monoxide and hydrogen (syngas) can be used as the driving forces for alcohol production. The application of the AOR/AdhA pathway in syngas-fermenting microorganisms is potentially a game-changing platform technology for the production of longer bioalcohols. Bioethanol production is achieved by only two metabolic pathways and only at moderate temperatures. Herein a fundamentally different synthetic pathway for bioalcohol production at 70 °C was constructed by insertion of the gene for bacterial alcohol dehydrogenase (AdhA) into the archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus. The engineered strain converted glucose to ethanol via acetate and acetaldehyde, catalyzed by the host-encoded aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase (AOR) and heterologously expressed AdhA, in an energy-conserving, redox-balanced pathway. Furthermore, the AOR/AdhA pathway also converted exogenously added aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids to the corresponding alcohol using glucose, pyruvate, and/or hydrogen as the source of reductant. By heterologous coexpression of a membrane-bound carbon monoxide dehydrogenase, CO was used as a reductant for converting carboxylic acids to alcohols. Redirecting the fermentative metabolism of P. furiosus through strategic insertion of foreign genes creates unprecedented opportunities for thermophilic bioalcohol production. Moreover, the AOR/AdhA pathway is a potentially game-changing strategy for syngas fermentation, especially in combination with carbon chain elongation pathways.
Algorithm of Fuzzy Minimum Cost Flow Problem with Fuzzy Time-Windows

In real world problems, optimization techniques of a network flow are useful for solving problems like, minimum flow problems, maximum flow problems and assignment problems. The Minimum Flow Problem (MFP) is one of the classic combinatorial optimization and an NP-hard problem with many applications in computer networks and logistic networks. The Fuzzy Minimum Cost Flow Problem with Fuzzy Time Windows (FMCFPFTW) is an extension of the MFP, also we consider a generalized fuzzy version of the MFP. Finally, we presents a new algorithm of the FMCFPFTW with the efficient polynomial time algorithm for solving the FMCFPFTW. Our algorithm is basically based on Dijkstra's algorithm of successive divisions the capacities by multiples of two, it solves the FMCFPFTW as a sequence of ) ( 2 n O shortest path problems on the residual networks with runs in ) ( 2  m n O time.
Colostrum quality, intestinal microbiota and implications for health in young dairy calves

The early life of calves in southern Vietnam and in Sweden were studied in this thesis, with the focus on colostrum quality, gut microbial communities and antimicrobialresistant Escherichia coli. The first of four studies showed that most cows on smallholder farms in Vietnam produced colostrum of good quality and that only around 10% of calves suffered from failure of passive immune transfer. In a second study, bacterial communities in colostrum and in calf faeces samples collected at birth and at 14 days of age were identified by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). The results showed that the microbial communities in colostrum and faeces differed in composition, with greater similarities in composition between colostrum and faeces from newborn calves than faeces from 14-day-old calves. Microbial composition also differed significantly between faeces from newborn and 14-day-old calves. Sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons from a subset of faeces samples from healthy calves and calves treated for diarrhoea with antimicrobial drugs revealed significant differences between the groups, with higher relative abundances of Faecalibacterium and Butyricicoccus in healthy calves. In a third study, bacterial composition in intestinal contents and in mucosal scrapings collected from various gut segments in two- and seven-day-old calves was characterized by sequencing 16S rRNA gene amplicons using Illumina MiSeq. It was found that microbial community composition was associated with intestinal segment, with major differences in composition between proximal and distal parts of the gastrointestinal tract. However, microbial composition showed high similarity for segments in close proximity within the gut. Lactobacillus was present in quite high levels in the abomasum and duodenum, whereas Escherichia were more associated with the ileum, caecum, colon and faeces. Microbial composition and diversity altered with age and, although the microbiota in mucosa and gut content remained similar in general, certain microbial groups dominated in either mucosa or gut content. The fourth study revealed high levels of multidrug-resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from Vietnamese calves (53% of isolates tested), with blacCTM-M-1 (2 isolates), blacCTM-M-9 (1 isolate) and blacCMY-2 (1 isolate) being the main β-lactamase resistance groups detected. There was a high incidence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes in the E. coli isolates (21%). Overall, these results suggest that colostrum feeding and health are key factors affecting gut microbial community in the early life of dairy calves, but that antimicrobial resistance is an emerging problem on smallholder dairy farms in Vietnam.
VERMA MODULES FOR IWASAWA ALGEBRAS ARE FAITHFUL

We establish the faithfulness of Verma modules for rational Iwasawa algebras of split semisimple compact L-analytic groups. We also prove the algebraic independence of Arens-Michael envelopes over Iwasawa algebras and compute the centre of affinoid enveloping algebras of semisimple p-adic Lie algebras.
Behandlingsmål for blodlipider hos høyrisikopasienter for aterosklerotisk sykdom

Background. The results from clinical studies with statins have directed attention to the benefits of risk factor intervention in atherosclerotic disease, and achievement of treatment goals for blood lipids. Material and methods. In 1999, a total of 3,935 patients treated with a statin were screened in 412 general practices in Norway for their blood lipids, in order to evaluate the achievement of the new European treatment guidelines (total cholesterol 5 mmol/l and LDL cholesterol 3 mmol/l). Inclusion criterion was ongoing medication with a statin, independent of indication. Consecutive patients were interviewed and examined when they attended their regular check-ups. The mean age of the patients was 63 years; 42 % of them were women. Two-thirds of the patients were in secondary prevention. Results. Before treatment, the mean level of total cholesterol was in primary prevention 8.8 mmol/l, in secondary prevention and in diabetes 7.5 mmol/l. In the total material, 36 % of the patients achieved the treatment goal of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. Significantly more patients in secondary prevention than in primary prevention achieved the treatment goal (44 % versus 17 %), more patients with than without diabetes achieved it (45 % versus 34 %), and more men than women (42 % versus 27 %). These differences were mainly due to differences in base levels of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. To assess the statin doses, the average dose of each type of statin was converted to a simvastatin dose. The average dose in this manner was found to be 23.8 mg, with small differences between the subgroups. Interpretation. The doctors did not uptitrate the statin doses according to the lipid levels and in line with the evidence from the clinical trials. General practitioners in Norway should intensify their use of lipid lowering therapy.