Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Boreal forest fire emissions in fresh Canadian smoke plumes: C 1 -C 10 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), CO 2 , CO, NO 2 , NO, HCN and CH 3 CN

Boreal regions comprise about 17 % of the global land area, and they both affect and are influenced by cli- mate change. To better understand boreal forest fire emis- sions and plume evolution, 947 whole air samples were col- lected aboard the NASA DC-8 research aircraft in summer 2008 as part of the ARCTAS-B field mission, and analyzed for 79 non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) using gas chromatography. Together with simultaneous mea- surements of CO2, CO, CH4, CH2O, NO2, NO, HCN and CH3CN, these measurements represent the most comprehen- sive assessment of trace gas emissions from boreal forest fires to date. Based on 105 air samples collected in fresh Canadian smoke plumes, 57 of the 80 measured NMVOCs (including CH2O) were emitted from the fires, including 45 species that were quantified from boreal forest fires for the first time. After CO 2, CO and CH4, the largest emis- sion factors (EFs) for individual species were formalde- hyde (2.1± 0.2 g kg 1 ), followed by methanol, NO2, HCN, ethene, -pinene, -pinene, ethane, benzene, propene, ace- tone and CH3CN. Globally, we estimate that boreal forest fires release 2.4 ± 0.6 Tg C yr 1 in the form of NMVOCs, with approximately 41 % of the carbon released as C1-C2 NMVOCs and 21 % as pinenes. These are the first reported field measurements of monoterpene emissions from boreal
All-Graphene Planar Double Barrier Resonant Tunneling Diodes

In this work, we propose an atomically-thin all-graphene planar double barrier resonant tunneling diode that can be realized within a single graphene nanoribbon. The proposed device does not require any doping or external gating and can be fabricated using minimal process steps. The planar architecture of the device allows a simple in-plane connection of multiple devices in parallel without any extra processing steps during fabrication, enhancing the current driving capabilities of the device. Quantum mechanical simulation results, based on non-equilibrium Green's function formalism and the extended Huckel method, show promising device performance with a high reverse-to-forward current rectification ratio exceeding 50 000, and confirm the presence of negative differential resistance within the device's current-voltage characteristics.
Outcome Evaluation of Gabapentin as Add-on Therapy for Partial Seizures

ABSTRACT: Objective: The safety, tolerability, efficacy, and impact on quality of life of gabapentin (Neurontin®) as adjunctive therapy to carbamazepine (CBZ) and/or phenytoin (PHT) was assessed in epileptic patients with partial seizures. Methods: NEON (Neurontin Evaluation of Outcomes in Neurological Practice) was an open-label, prospective, multicentre study conducted in patients on a stable dose of CBZ and/or PHT and experiencing an average of up to 4 complex partial seizures with or without secondary generalization per month, with no seizure-free months. The treatment lasted 20 weeks. Gabapentin was started at 400 mg/day and was individually titrated to effective tolerable dose up to 2400 mg/day. Quality of life was evaluated using the QOLIE-10 questionnaire. Results: A total of 141 patients were enrolled at 36 sites; 114 patients were evaluable for efficacy analyses. The mean maintenance dose of gabapentin was 1600 mg/day (range = 300-3200). A decrease of 50% or more in frequency of complex partial + secondarily generalized seizures was observed in 81 (71 %) patients (p = 0.0001). Fifty two (46%) patients were seizure-free during the last 8 weeks of treatment. A significant improvement (p < 0.05) was observed in 5 of the 10 questions of the QOLIE-10, as well as in the composite QOL score (p = 0.0002). The most frequent adverse events included somnolence (16%), dizziness (9%), and asthenia (6%). Twenty-five (18%) patients prematurely discontinued the study, 16 (11%) of them due to adverse events. Conclusion: This study indicates that treatment with gabapentin as adjunctive therapy to standard antiepileptic drugs in this group of patients not only provides significant improvement in seizure control, but also has a positive impact on quality of life. The clinical benefits in efficacy, safety and tolerability demonstrated at 20 weeks are sustained, and no tolerance develops with gabapentin in longer term use.
WormBase: network access to the genome and biology of Caenorhabditis elegans

WormBase (http://www.wormbase.org) is a web-based resource for the Caenorhabditis elegans genome and its biology. It builds upon the existing ACeDB database of the C.elegans genome by providing data curation services, a significantly expanded range of subject areas and a user-friendly front end.
The product of the H19 gene may function as an RNA

The mouse H19 gene was identified as an abundant hepatic fetal-specific mRNA under the transcriptional control of a trans-acting locus termed raf. The protein this gene encoded was not apparent from an analysis of its nucleotide sequence, since the mRNA contained multiple translation termination signals in all three reading frames. As a means of assessing which of the 35 small open reading frames might be important to the function of the gene, the human H19 gene was cloned and sequenced. Comparison of the two homologs revealed no conserved open reading frame. Cellular fractionation showed that H19 RNA is cytoplasmic but not associated with the translational machinery. Instead, it is located in a particle with a sedimentation coefficient of approximately 28S. Despite the fact that it is transcribed by RNA polymerase II and is spliced and polyadenylated, we suggest that the H19 RNA is not a classical mRNA. Instead, the product of this unusual gene may be an RNA molecule.
Cross-linking in the Living Cell Locates the Site of Action of Oxazolidinone Antibiotics*

Oxazolidinone antibiotics, an important new class of synthetic antibacterials, inhibit protein synthesis by interfering with ribosomal function. The exact site and mechanism of oxazolidinone action has not been elucidated. Although genetic data pointed to the ribosomal peptidyltransferase as the primary site of drug action, some biochemical studies conducted in vitro suggested interaction with different regions of the ribosome. These inconsistent observations obtained in vivo and in vitro have complicated the understanding of oxazolidinone action. To localize the site of oxazolidinone action in the living cell, we have cross-linked a photoactive drug analog to its target in intact, actively growing Staphylococcus aureus. The oxazolidinone cross-linked specifically to 23 S rRNA, tRNA, and two polypeptides. The site of cross-linking to 23 S rRNA was mapped to the universally conserved A-2602. Polypeptides cross-linked were the ribosomal protein L27, whose N terminus may reach the peptidyltransferase center, and LepA, a protein homologous to translation factors. Only ribosome-associated LepA, but not free protein, was cross-linked, indicating that LepA was cross-linked by the ribosome-bound antibiotic. The evidence suggests that a specific oxazolidinone binding site is formed in the translating ribosome in the immediate vicinity of the peptidyltransferase center.
Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: The Extent of Microglia Activation Is Dependent on the Biochemical Type of PrPSc

In prion-related encephalopathies, microglial activation occurs early and is dependent on accumulation of disease-specific forms of the prion protein (PrPSc) and may play a role in nerve cell death. Previously, we found that different types of PrPSc (i.e. type 1 and type 2) coexisted in approximately 25% of patients with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD); and a close relationship was detected between PrPSc type, the pattern of PrP immunoreactivity, and extent of spongiform degeneration. To investigate whether microglial reaction is related to the biochemical type and deposition pattern of PrPSc, we carried out a neuropathologic and biochemical study on 26 patients with sporadic CJD, including all possible genotypes at codon 129 of the prion protein gene. By quantitative analysis, we demonstrated that strong microglial activation was associated with type 1 PrPSc and diffuse PrP immunoreactivity, whereas type 2 PrPSc and focal PrP deposits were accompanied by mild microglia reaction. These findings support the view that the phenotypic heterogeneity of sporadic CJD is largely determined by the physicochemical properties of distinct PrPSc conformers.
CALIBRE CHANGES IN RETINAL VESSELS OCCURRING IN RAISED OCULAR TENSION CIRCULATORY COMPENSATION IN CHRONIC GLAUCOMA*

TE problem is an old one; it is that of the manner in which the intra-ocular blood flow is maintained, often with surprising efficiency of retinal function, in the face of raised ocular tension. The extent to which the intra-ocular circulation can continue in extreme degrees of tension was dramatically demonstrated by Hill and Flack (1912). These workers divided a vortex vein of a cat and then raised the ocular pressure by means of a needle connected to a water manometer. They found that it was necessary to increase the ocular tension until it approximated to that of the carotid before the uveal circulation was finally arrested. Of the several factors which influence the blood flow in conditions of raised pressure, that of the changes occurring in the arterial and venous pressures has received the most attention. Hill and Flack (1912), Hill (1913), Starling (1913), and others, showed that in conditions of raised ocular tension the venous pressure must always be slightly higher than the ocular pressure if the circulation is to be maintained. Duke-Elder (1926) elucidated the fundamental relationship between the ocular and vascular pressures. He stated that any increase in ocular pressure tends to compress the veins at their points of exit, the vis a tergo from the arteries then piles up pressure and forces past the obstruction, and the intra-ocular circulation proceeds at a higher level. If the ocular pressure increases further, this process repeats itself until the available force from the arteries is exhausted, that is, until the pressure in the ophthalmic artery is reached. Clinical observations support the experimental work. Using the ophthalmo-dynamometer, Bailliart (1922) and Bailliart and Magitot (1925) found that in chronic glaucoma there was a great increase in the venous pressure and a moderate increase in the arterial pressure. Weinstein (1935) noted an increased pressure in the pre-capillaries in chronic glaucoma, and Espildora-Luque (1948), summarizing some of his previous work, recorded that in several cases he found a reduction in the vascular pressures after the tension had been lowered by miotics or by operation. It has been established, therefore, that there is a local rise of both arterial
Venting Remediation of Unsaturated Soil Contaminated by Diesel Hydrocarbon

The petroleum pollution was one of the main environmental problems to the soil and groundwater safety. Efficient remediation of contaminant soil has significance to the organic pollution control of soil and groundwater. The remediation efficiency of pulse soil venting with low air flow to the soil contaminated with diesel fuel for a long time was studied through indoor sandbox test. The concentration of total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) and carbon dioxide in tailing gas and soil gas were analyzed. The changes of concentration of residual oil in soil were also analyzed. It showed that the remediation efficiency of six days of pulse soil venting with low air flow (8 mLldrmin -1 , 8 hldrd -1 ) to the soil contaminated by diesel (initial concentration was 12.46 mgldrg -1 ) for 5 months was 21.57-60.14%, which was higher than that of pure physical soil venting and bio-venting strengthened by composting. The CO 2 /O 2 monitor of tailing gas during soil venting showed that there was the activity of microbe.
Some physiological and clinical aspects of chest physiotherapy.

The ciliated epithelium which lines the airways is responsible for continuous flow of mucus over the airway surface to the upper respiratory tract. This mechanism becomes ineffective in bronchopulmonary disease which is characterized by excessive production of mucus, impaired mucociliary clearance and, eventually, pulmonary failure. This may be a chronic disorder, as in bronchitis and cystic fibrosis, or an acute problem occurring in patients following anaesthesia, mechanical ventilation and intensive therapy. This review examines some of the physiological mechanisms involved in clearance of excessive bronchial mucus in these circumstances and the role of various physical therapies designed to accelerate this process. Chest physiotherapy, in the form of postural drainage, percussion and vibration (PDPV), "coughing exercises", and the "Forced Expiratory Technique" (FET) are discussed. The problems of physiotherapy -induced bronchospasm and hypoxaemia are also noted.
Notice of RetractionOptimal Placement and Sizing of DG and Capacitor for the Loss Reduction via Methods of Generalized Pattern Search and Genetic Algorithm

Optimal placement and sizing of Distributed Generation (DG) and capacitor for the loss reduction in distribution networks is of utmost importance. Therefore, in this paper by means of using new method of generalized pattern search and genetic algorithm are elaborated and compared with another. Another fact is the direct link between PSAT with the two previous methods. For the generation of this relationship with PSAT software, by writing an innovative program we were able to give PSAT variable inputs, genetic algorithm and new method of generalized pattern search in any population generation of new amount, processes it with PSAT and this procedure is continuous objective function. The results of this simulation is put on a sample network of 16-bus. These results show the higher effectiveness and faster speed of generalized pattern search in comparison with the genetic algorithm. Also, DG improves loss reduction and voltage profile much more better than the capacitor and is more effective.
Brain injury after acute carbon monoxide poisoning: early and late complications.

OBJECTIVE The purposes of this article are to illustrate the variable CT and MRI features of carbon monoxide-induced brain injury and to discuss the underlying pathogenesis. CONCLUSION Carbon monoxide can produce different patterns of brain injury in the acute and delayed stages. CT and MRI are valuable in the delineation of disease extent and helpful for understanding the pathophysiologic mechanisms.
FANTASTIC‐5G: flexible air interface for scalable service delivery within wireless communication networks of the 5th generation

5th generation mobile networks will have to cope with a high degree of heterogeneity in terms of services, mobility, number of devices and so on. Thus, diverse and often contradicting key performance indicators need to be supported, but having multiple radio access technologies for multi‐service support below 6 GHz will be too costly. FANTASTIC‐5G will develop a new multi‐service air interface through a modular design. To allow the system to adapt to the anticipated heterogeneity, some properties need to be pursued, like simplicity, flexibility, scalability, versatility, efficiency and future proofness. Based on these properties, a selected set of use cases and link and network design will be presented. The paper will also comprise validation and system level simulations through some indicative results and will conclude with the overall impact to 5G standardisation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Shared Aperture Dual-Frequency Circularly Polarized Microstrip Array Antenna

A novel 2 2 array of microstrip antennas was developed that generates orthogonal circularly polarized waves at two frequencies simultaneously. This true shared aperture can be used as a building block in full-duplex wireless communication applications such as focal-plane arrays for satellite internet (VSAT) and wireless connectors. An alternative implementation of the sequential rotation technique was applied to create dual-frequency operation using only a single aperture. The concept was verified with experimental results from a prototype consisting of a 2 2 array of aperture coupled microstrip antennas (ACMAs) with corresponding feed network operating at 4 and 6 GHz. Measurements show that the axial ratio (AR) is below 1.2 dB for both the low-band as well as the high-band mode of operation. The isolation between both modes is larger than 26 dB, eliminating the need of high-performance duplexers.
WearUI : An Elegant Wearable User Interface for Mobile Devices

WearUI, abbreviation for Wearable User Interface, is embroidery over textile which is an interface for handheld devices like mobile phones. The piece of embroidery has been designed elegantly to foster intuitive interaction and can be sewed over any part of the clothing. User interacts with the embroidery through various gestures to control the MP3 player and handle calls, while getting a haptic and auditory feedback. Resistive sensing is used for gesture
Phytoplasma: phytopathogenic mollicutes.

During the past decade, research has yielded new knowledge about the plant and insect host ranges, geographical distribution, and phylogenetic relationships of phytoplasmas, and a taxonomic system has emerged in which distinct phytoplasmas are named as separate "Candidatus phytoplasma species. " In large part, this progress has resulted from the development and use of molecular methods to detect, identify, and classify phytoplasmas. While these advances continue, research has recently begun on the phytoplasma genome, how phytoplasmas cause disease, the role of mixed phytoplasmal infections in plant diseases, and molecular/genetic phenomena that underlie symptom development in plants. These and other recent advances are laying the foundation for future progress in understanding the mechanisms of phytoplasma pathogenicity, organization of the phytoplasma genome, evolution of new phytoplasma strains and emergence of new diseases, bases of insect transmissibility and specificity of transmission, and plant gene expression in response to phytoplasmal infection, as well as the design of novel approaches to achieve effective control of phytoplasmal diseases.
Delayed timing of breeding as a cost of reproduction

Timing of breeding is a trait with considerable individual variation, often closely linked to fitness because of seasonal declines in reproduction. The drivers of this variation have received much attention, but how reproductive costs may influence the timing of subsequent breeding has been largely unexplored. We examined a population of northern wheatears Oenanthe oenanthe to compare three groups of individuals that differed in their timing of breeding termination and reproductive effort to investigate how these factors may carry over to influence reproductive timing and reproductive output in the following season. Compared to females that bred successfully, females that put in less effort and terminated breeding early due to nest failure tended to arrive and breed earlier in year 2 (mean advancement = 2.2 and 3.3 d respectively). Females that spent potentially more effort and terminated breeding later due to production of a replacement clutch after nest failure, arrived later than other females in year 2. Reproductive output (number of fledglings) in year 2 differed between the three groups as a result of group-level differences in the timing of breeding in combination with the general seasonal decline in reproductive output. Our study shows that the main cost of reproduction was apparent in the timing of arrival and breeding in this migratory species. Hence, reproductive costs can arise through altered timing of breeding since future reproductive success (including adult survival) is often dependent on the timing of breeding in seasonal systems.
Is the term ‘Mediterranean diet’ a misnomer?

Abstract Objective A greater adherence to what has been labelled the Mediterranean diet is associated with a significant improvement in health status. However, it is unclear what this diet really contains. The objective of the present study is to discuss the contents of the scientific Mediterranean diet. Conclusions We argue that the evidence of the health-enhancing properties of the Mediterranean diet is not necessarily based on Mediterranean foods, and that we indeed do not have to eat Mediterranean foods to enjoy the health-promoting properties of the diet it represents. To maintain dietary variety, cultural diversity and heritage, as well as for environmental reasons, it seems more appropriate to promote regionally appropriate diets throughout the world – rather than a global Mediterranean diet.
Coenzyme Q10: Absorption, tissue uptake, metabolism and pharmacokinetics

Available data on the absorption, metabolism and pharmacokinetics of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) are reviewed in this paper. CoQ10 has a fundamental role in cellular bioenergetics. CoQ10 is also an important antioxidant. Because of its hydrophobicity and large molecular weight, absorption of dietary CoQ10 is slow and limited. In the case of dietary supplements, solubilized CoQ10 formulations show enhanced bioavailability. The Tmax is around 6 h, with an elimination half-life of about 33 h. The reference intervals for plasma CoQ10 range from 0.40 to 1.91 μmol/l in healthy adults. With CoQ10 supplements there is reasonable correlation between increase in plasma CoQ10 and ingested dose up to a certain point. Animal data show that CoQ10 in large doses is taken up by all tissues including heart and brain mitochondria. This has implications for therapeutic applications in human diseases, and there is evidence for its beneficial effect in cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. CoQ10 has an excellent safety record.
A novel local success weighted ensemble classifier

Ensemble methods aggregate the decisions of diverse component classifiers to achieve superior classification performances. Most of the previous ensemble frameworks have used fixed weights to determine the influence of each of the component classifiers on the ensemble decision. However, in practice base classifiers usually have expertise in local regions of the feature space. This paper presents a novel framework for instance dependent weighing of base classifiers instead of fixed weights. These classifier weighing functions are linked to the ability of the respective classifiers to correctly predict the labels. For a particular test pattern, base classifiers with higher likelihood of predicting the correct label have higher weights. Thus, weighing functions curb (by having lower weights) the redundant false decisions responsible for mis-classification. Regression models are used to learn the weighing functions. Experimental results on well-known benchmark datasets support the effectiveness of the proposed approach. However, the use of regression models to determine the weights makes the operations slightly computationally expensive.