Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Animal wastes as fertilizers enhance growth of young walnut trees under soil drought condition.

BACKGROUND Using nutrient-rich animal wastes as organic fertilizers in agricultural practices is a sustainable method for soil amendment and avoiding environmental pollution. In order to evaluate their practical effect, we applied different proportions of animal waste as fertilizers to wet or dry soils that were either planted or not planted with young walnut trees. RESULTS The results showed that animal waste could increase soil C accumulation and carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio and reduce soil organic nitrogen (SON) and total nitrogen (TN) contents as well as the nitrogen to phosphorus (N/P) ratio in the planted group (PG) soil. This framework of soil C and N composition (a high C/N ratio) resulted in high N and Mg contents as well as high Cu and Zn contents in the leaves of the young trees as well as a high dry matter weight/leaf N ratio, causing increased leaf photosynthesis, reduced transpiration and relatively high water use efficiency (WUE) under soil drought conditions. Last, animal wastes as fertilizers caused the branch of walnut to switch from elongation growth to thickening growth under soil drought conditions. CONCLUSION Principal component analysis (PCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA) demonstrated the mechanism by which the soil C/N ratio mediates the flux of available nutrients from the soil to the plants and thereby regulates plant dry matter accumulation and branching architecture under soil drought conditions. The results of this study provide new insights into the improvement of hilly soils using animal waste. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Awareness of Diabetic Retinopathy among Type II Diabetic Patients Attending at King Salman Armed Forced Hospital-Primary Health Care, Tabuk 2019

BACKGROUND: Diabetic retinopathy refers to vascular disease of the retina that affects patients who have been diagnosed with type II diabetes mellitus. Information about DR must be spread the population, especially diabetic patients. Tools for DR screening are available and easy to access. No similar study was carried out in Tabuk to assess awareness of DR among type II diabetic patients up to our knowledge. AIM: To assess awareness of diabetic retinopathy among type II diabetic patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional study carried out in Tabuk city at King Salman Armed Forced Hospital-Primary Health Care Centers among type II diabetic patients attending at the period of study (n = 382) to assess their awareness about diabetic retinopathy. RESULTS: Out of 382 diabetics patients, (41.4%) had DM less than 5 years, (34.8%) had DM more than 10 years, and (23.8%) had DM between 5-10 years, (30.1%) had university degree, (42.4%) considered having low income, (57.6%) were screened for DR in the past year, (18.1%) of participant think that Seeing optometrist is enough for DR diagnosis. The total knowledge score about DR with a mean ± SD of 6.4 ± 1.5, indicating poor knowledge level, where 180 (47.1%) had poor knowledge, 106 (27.7%) had moderate knowledge, and 96 (25.2%) had good knowledge. CONCLUSION: Almost the Awareness of Type II Diabetic Patients Attending at king Salman Armed Forced Hospital-Primary Health Care centre regarding Diabetic Retinopathy needs to be improved.
Depression and Willingness to Invest in Risky Financial Assets

This paper seeks to assess whether su¤ering depression has an impact on the willingness to invest in risky nancial assets near retirement. We argue that depression may distort individuals risk attitudes, hence will have an e¤ect on how people evaluate the investment opportunities. In particular, we nd that the households whose members su¤er depression are less likely to invest in risky assets, as depression increases their risk aversion. This in turn will lower their pension wealth (in the presence of equity premium), and may also indirectly inuence nancial markets as the elderly population possesses a signi cant share of total population wealth. Further, we argue that the e¤ect of depression on householdsrisky asset investments would also depend on the combination of spousesrisk attitudes and their relative bargaining power in the household. In particular, when the wife, who on average is more risk averse, has relatively more bargaining power, a change in her risk attitudes (which are a¤ected by depression) would determine whether the household buys risky assets. While if the husband has relatively more bargaining power and the household already possesses risky assets, a change in his risk attitudes would determine whether the household sells them. JEL classi cation: D8, E2, I0 Keywords: Depression, Stockholding, Perception, Reporting heterogeneity, Vignettes, Bargaining Corresponding author: Mariya Melnychuk, tel. : +34 965-90-3400 (Ext:3026); fax. : +34 965-90-3898. Address: Universidad de Alicante, Facultad de Economicas, Dpto. Fundamentos del Analisis Economico, Carretera de San Vicente s/n, 03080 San Vicente (Alicante), Spain; E-mail: mariya@ua.es. I gratefully acknowledge the essential comments of M. Dolores Collado Vindel, whose help and inspiration were crucial for doing this research. I appreciated the helpful comments from Climent Quintana-Domeque, Pedro Albarran, Iñigo Iturbe-Ormaetxe, Maarten Lindeboom and the participants of Alicante Econometric Workshop, Italian SHARE Usersconference and Lunch seminar at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. Also, I would like to acknowledge the nancial support from the Department of Fundamentos del Análisis Económico of the University of Alicante.
Sonochemical Synthesis of Copper-doped BiVO4/g-C3N4 Nanocomposite Materials for Photocatalytic Degradation of Bisphenol A under Simulated Sunlight Irradiation

Copper-doped bismuth vanadate/graphitic carbon nitride (BiVO4/g-C3N4) nanocomposite materials were successfully fabricated using a sonochemical approach. Cu-doped BiVO4/g-C3N4 nanocomposite photocatalysts could improve electron/hole (e−/h+) pair separation, stability, and light-harvesting efficiency compared to pristine BiVO4 or g-C3N4, resulting in the enhancement of photocatalytic activity. The optimal parameters, such as pH value at 10, photocatalyst dosage of 0.4 g L−1, and 10 mol% Cu-doped BiVO4/g-C3N4 photocatalyst, were determined to degrade initial concentration of 20 ppm Bisphenol A, which could be completely removed after 90 min. Furthermore, the excessive doping of copper (> 10 mol%) could not synthesize the pure monoclinic scheelite phase, which substantially resulted in the reduction of the photocatalytic activity.
A Comparative Study of the Extraction and Characterisation of Oils from Glycine max L. (Soya Bean Seed), Elaeis guineensis (Palm Kernel Seed) and Cocos nucifera (Coconut) Using Ethanol and n-Hexane

Aims: To extract and characterize oils from Glycine max L. (soya bean seed), Elaeis guineensis (palm kernel seed) and Cocos nucifera (coconut) using ethanol and n-Hexane. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Industrial Chemistry, Renaissance University, Ugbawka, between December 2017 and July 2018. Methodology: Using Soxhlet extraction method, the milled seed samples (soya bean, coconut and palm kernel) were bagged and extracted with accurately measured quantity of each solvent (nOriginal Research Article Okenwa-ani et al.; JSRR, 26(1): 104-112, 2020; Article no.JSRR. 54516 105 Hexane and Ethanol). Physicochemical analysis which includes: Acid values, iodine value, free fatty acid (% oleic) and saponification value was carried out on the extracted oil. Results: The percentage oil yield from ethanol extracts were 8.58% (8.58 g), 26.01% (26.01 g) and 31.21% (31.21 g) for soya bean, coconut and palm kernel respectively while that of n-Hexane extracts were 14.69% (14.69 g), 31.85% (31.85 g) and 45.28% (45.28 g), due to the fact that 100 g of the milled sample was used. Free fatty acid values were the same in n-Hexane and ethanol extracts of soya bean oil. These values were slightly higher in the coconut and palm kernel oil extracts using ethanol. Acid values were observed to be slightly higher in the ethanol extracted oils. The Saponification values were generally higher in ethanol extracted oils than in hexane extracted oils. There was maximum oil recovered with hexane than ethanol when the extraction process was carried out for 120 minutes. Conclusion: In spite of the fact that n-Hexane gave a better extraction yield, ethanol appeared to be a better alternative for the extraction process because it is green, less toxic and safer to handle.
Dietary Practices of Pregnant Women and its Associations with Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in Rural Central Ethiopia

Maternal and child under nutrition is a serious developmental challenge contributing a large share to the global disease burden. It is a major reason for increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, poor infant survival, and elevated risks of chronic diseases at later stages of life. Ethiopia has an unacceptably high burden of malnutrition and its consequences, and yet little is known about the determinants and responses to under nutrition during pregnancy. The few crosssectional studies and the periodic national surveys are often less appropriate to investigate nutritional problems during the dynamic periods of pregnancy. Using a mixed-method approach, the present thesis examined the association of maternal nutrition during pregnancy with maternal and perinatal outcomes in rural Central Ethiopia. Applying a weighed-record (n= 55), the most frequently consumed foods were identified, sampled and analyzed for their nutrient composition and nutrient densities estimated. By enrolling pregnant mothers to a prospective cohort study, risk of anemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes were determined. Using a focus-group discussion (FGD), in-depth interviews (IIs) and passive observations, food consumption-related behaviors and perceptions were identified. Dietary patterns adopted by the pregnant women were largely plant-based, predominantly cereal and legume-based. The nutrient-density of the foods were low and the overall dietary diversity was low. The overall incidence of maternal anemia increased from 28.6% to 32.4% during the
A Li-rich layered sulfide as cathode active material in all-solid-state Li-metal batteries.

Great hopes are placed on all-solid state Li-metal batteries (ASSB's) to boost the energy density of the current Li-ion technology. Though, these devices still present a number of unresolved issues that keep them far from commercialization such as interfacial instability, lithium dendrite formation and lack of mechanical integrity during cycling. To mitigate these limiting aspects, the most advanced ASSB systems presently combine a sulfide or oxide-based solid electrolyte (SE) with a coated Li-based oxide as positive electrode and a lithium anode. Through this work we propose a different twist by switching from layered oxides to layered sulfides as active cathode materials. Herein we present the performance of a Li-rich layered sulfide of formula Li1.13Ti0. 57Fe0.3S2 (LTFS) in room temperature operating all-solid state batteries, using -Li3PS4 as a solid electrolyte and both InLi and Li anode materials. These batteries exhibit good cyclability, small polarization and, in the case of Li anode, no initial irreversible capacity. At a side of this work, we also suggest the possibility of using this Li-rich sulfide mixed with oxide cathode materials as part of the positive electrode in ASSB's in order to improve the cathode/sulfide SE interface. Our proof of concept using LiNi0.6 Mn0.2Co0. 2O2 (NMC 622) showed that the addition of a small amount of LTFS had a direct positive impact in the battery performance.
Prognostic role of blood KL-6 in rheumatoid arthritis–associated interstitial lung disease

Rheumatoid arthritis–associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) has a variable clinical course for which predicting prognosis is difficult. However, the role of blood biomarkers in RA-ILD is ill-defined. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) levels in RA-ILD patients. The medical records of 84 patients with RA-ILD were retrospectively reviewed. Plasma KL-6 levels were measured by Nanopia KL-6 assay (SEKISUI MEDICAL, Tokyo), using latex-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assay. The median follow-up period was 61 months. Mean age was 61.4 years, 45.2% were men, 44.0% were ever-smokers, and 35.7% showed a usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern on high-resolution computed tomography. The median KL-6 level at baseline was 741.2 U/mL (interquartile range, 439.7–1308.9 U/mL). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, a high KL-6 level (≥ 640 U/mL) was an independently associated with a UIP pattern (odds ratio [OR], 5.173; P = 0.005) with old age (OR, 1.104, P = 0.005). On multivariate Cox analysis, a high KL-6 level (≥ 685 U/mL) was an independent prognostic factor for the mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 2.984; P = 0.016) with a older age (HR, 1.061; P = 0.030), male sex (HR, 3.610; P = 0.001), lower forced vital capacity (HR, 0.957; P = 0.002), and a UIP pattern (HR, 4.034; P = 0.002). Our results suggest that high KL-6 levels might be useful as a biomarker for the presence of a UIP pattern and prognosis in patients with RA-ILD.
Combining genome‐wide association study and FST‐based approaches to identify targets of Borrelia‐mediated selection in natural rodent hosts

Recent advances in high‐throughput sequencing technologies provide opportunities to gain novel insights into the genetic basis of phenotypic trait variation. Yet to date, progress in our understanding of genotype–phenotype associations in nonmodel organisms in general and natural vertebrate populations in particular has been hampered by small sample sizes typically available for wildlife populations and a resulting lack of statistical power, as well as a limited ability to control for false‐positive signals. Here we propose to combine a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) and FST‐based approach with population‐level replication to partly overcome these limitations. We present a case study in which we used this approach in combination with genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data to identify genomic regions associated with Borrelia afzelii resistance or susceptibility in the natural rodent host of this Lyme disease‐causing spirochete, the bank vole (Myodes glareolus). Using this combined approach we identified four consensus SNPs located in exonic regions of the genes Slc26a4, Tns3, Wscd1 and Espnl, which were significantly associated with the voles’ Borrelia infectious status within and across populations. Functional links between host responses to bacterial infections and most of these genes have previously been demonstrated in other rodent systems, making them promising new candidates for the study of evolutionary host responses to Borrelia emergence. Our approach is applicable to other systems and may facilitate the identification of genetic variants underlying disease resistance or susceptibility, as well as other ecologically relevant traits, in wildlife populations.
Re: Accounting for automatic processes in sleep health

We would like to thank Dr Rebar and colleagues for their thoughtful commentary on our review paper. As they state, the goal of our paper was to bring more attention to the use of health behaviour theory (HBT) in the study of sleep health. We welcome diverse theoretical approaches, and appreciate their recommendation to incorporate dual process theories in the study of sleep health. In fact, a number of different theoretical frameworks have been proposed for use in the study of sleep and sleep-related behaviours in addition to the expectancy-value theories described in Mead and Irish (2019), and the dual process theories proposed by Rebar and colleagues (Blunden & Rigney, 2015; Hale, Troxel, & Buysse, 2020; Lubas & Szklo-Coxe, 2019). Each HBT has its own strengths and limitations. In our review, we reiterate that theories are inherently meant to be rigorously tested, and that theory comparison is an essential next step in the study of HBT and sleep health. Defining sleep health in the context of HBT is complicated, in that it is influenced by more than just other health behaviours (e.g. physical activity, smoking, drinking), but also other factors, including sleep timing, regularity and sleep environment (Buysse, 2014). Given the numerous behaviours and factors that influence sleep health, it is not yet clear which HBTs would be best suited to promote healthy sleep. Thus, we applaud Dr Rebar and colleagues' advocacy of dual process theories that contribute their own strengths in the study of sleep health. In addition, we encourage sleep health researchers to embrace methodological designs that allow for adequate testing of dual process theories, such as intensive longitudinal designs (Dunton, Rothman, Leventhal, & Intille, 2019). However, with the limited data on dual process theories and sleep health, it is too early to state that dual process theories provide the most effective theoretical framework. Moreover, why disregard expectancy-value theories when they show promise? As we demonstrate in our review, studies using the Theory of Planned Behaviour have found that behavioural intentions and perceived behavioural control explain between 11% and 60% of the variance in sleep health behaviour (Knowlden & Sharma, 2014; Knowlden, Sharma, & Bernard, 2012; Kor & Mullan, 2011; Lao, Tao, & Wu, 2016; Stanko, 2013; Strong et al., 2018; Tagler, Stanko, & Forbey, 2017). Given these data, along with the lack of studies using dual process theories, it is far too early to draw any conclusions about which HBTs provide the most effective framework to study sleep health. In conclusion, we are excited to see increased attention to the utility of HBT to study sleep health, and are looking forward to more research that tests and compares various theoretical approaches.
Experimental studies on computed tomographic peritoneography. Peritoneal and residual renal function tolerance to iodinated contrast media injected into the peritoneal cavity

Computed tomographic (CT) peritoneography has been widely used as reference standard to evaluate continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis‐related complications. However, given the varying CT peritoneography approaches used across different institutions, there is no standard value for non‐ionic iodinated contrast media (ICM) concentration. Few studies have currently investigated whether non‐ionic iodinated contrast media (non‐ionic ICM) affects peritoneal function or residual renal function (RRF). This study aimed to determine whether different non‐ionic ICM concentrations affect peritoneum and RRF and attempted to evaluate CT peritoneography images to identify the optimal non‐ionic ICM concentrations in animals. To this end, 25 male Sprague‐Dawley rats were used to establish uraemic models, after which they were injected with a 40‐mL mixture of peritoneal dialysate and iohexol at varying concentrations prior to CT peritoneography. Thereafter, two experienced radiologists blinded to the rat groupings evaluated image quality, peritoneal morphology and thickness were assessed using hematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining, and RRF was evaluated using serum creatinine levels hematoxylin and eosin staining of pathological kidney sections. Briefly, non‐ionic ICM had negligible effects on the peritoneum and RRF. Our results suggest that a mixture containing 50 mL (350 mgI/mL) iohexol/2 L peritoneal dialysate can be used as reference in rats.
Surveillance and taxonomic analysis of the coronavirus dominant in pigeons in China

Abstract Coronaviruses (CoVs) are found in humans and a wide variety of wild and domestic animals, and of substantial impact on human and animal health. In poultry, the genetic diversity, evolution, distribution and taxonomy of CoVs dominant in birds other than chickens remain enigmatic. In our previous study, we proposed that the CoVs dominant (i.e. mainly circulating) in ducks (DdCoVs) should represent a novel species, which was different from the one represented by the CoVs dominant in chickens (CdCoVs). In this study, we conducted a large‐scale surveillance of CoVs in chickens, ducks, geese, pigeons and other birds (quails, sparrows and partridges) using a conserved RT‐PCR assay. The surveillance demonstrated that CdCoVs, DdCoVs and the CoVs dominant in pigeons (PdCoVs) belong to different lineages, and they are all prevalent in live poultry markets and the backyard flocks in some regions of China. We further sequenced seven Coronaviridae‐wide conserved domains in their replicase polyprotein pp1ab of seven PdCoVs and found that the genetic distances in these domains between PdCoVs and DdCoVs or CdCoVs are large enough to separate PdCoVs into a novel species, which were different from the ones represented by DdCoVs or CdCoVs within the genus Gammacoronavirus, per the species demarcation criterion of International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. This report shed novel insight into the genetic diversity, distribution, evolution and taxonomy of avian CoVs.
A Survey of Analytical Techniques for Noroviruses

As the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide, human noroviruses (HuNoVs) have caused around 685 million cases of infection and nearly $60 billion in losses every year. Despite their highly contagious nature, an effective vaccine for HuNoVs has yet to become commercially available. Therefore, rapid detection and subtyping of noroviruses is crucial for preventing viral spread. Over the past half century, there has been monumental progress in the development of techniques for the detection and analysis of noroviruses. However, currently no rapid, portable assays are available to detect and subtype infectious HuNoVs. The purpose of this review is to survey and present different analytical techniques for the detection and characterization of noroviruses.
The HDAC and PI3K dual inhibitor CUDC-907 synergistically enhances the antileukemic activity of venetoclax in preclinical models of acute myeloid leukemia

Venetoclax is a promising agent in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), though its antileukemic activity is limited to combination therapies. Mcl-1 downregulation, Bim upregulation, and DNA damage have been identified as potential ways to enhance venetoclax activity. In this study, we combine venetoclax with the dual PI3K and histone deacetylase inhibitor CUDC-907, which can downregulate Mcl-1, upregulate Bim, and induce DNA damage, as well as downregulate c-Myc. We establish that CUDC-907 and venetoclax synergistically induce apoptosis in AML cell lines and primary AML patient samples ex vivo. CUDC-907 downregulates CHK1, Wee1, RRM1, and c-Myc, which were found to play a role in venetoclax-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, we find that venetoclax treatment enhances CUDC-907-induced DNA damage potentially through inhibition of DNA repair. In vivo results show that CUDC-907 enhances venetoclax efficacy in an AML cell line derived xenograft mouse model, supporting the development of CUDC-907 in combination with venetoclax for the treatment of AML.