Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mating and Pathogenic Development of the Smut Fungus Ustilago maydis Are Regulated by One Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Cascade

ABSTRACT In the phytopathogenic fungus Ustilago maydis, pheromone-mediated cell fusion is a prerequisite for the generation of the infectious dikaryon. The pheromone signal elevates transcription of the pheromone genes and elicits formation of conjugation hyphae. Cyclic AMP and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling are involved in this process. The MAPK cascade is presumed to be composed of Ubc4 (MAPK kinase kinase), Fuz7 (MAPK kinase), and Ubc3/Kpp2 (MAPK). We isolated the kpp4 gene and found it to be allelic to ubc4. Epistasis analyses with constitutively active alleles of kpp4 and fuz7 substantiate that Kpp4, Fuz7, and Kpp2/Ubc3 are components of the same module. Moreover, we demonstrate that Fuz7 activates Kpp2 and shows interactions in vitro. Signaling via this cascade regulates expression of pheromone-responsive genes, presumably through acting on the transcription factor Prf1. Interestingly, the same cascade is needed for conjugation tube formation, and this process does not involve Prf1. In addition, fuz7 as well as kpp4 deletion strains are nonpathogenic, while kpp2 deletion mutants are only attenuated in pathogenesis. Here we show that strains expressing the unphosphorylatable allele kpp2T182A/Y184F are severely affected in tumor induction and display defects in early infection-related differentiation.
Control and Design of a Modular Multilevel Cascade BTB System Using Bidirectional Isolated DC/DC Converters

This paper discusses the control and design of the 6.6-kV back-to-back (BTB) system combining bidirectional isolated dc/dc converters and modular multilevel cascade pulsewidth modulation (PWM) converters. The system consists of multiple converter cells connected in cascade per phase at both front ends. Each converter cell consists of a bidirectional isolated medium-frequency dc/dc converter and two voltage-source H-bridge (single-phase full-bridge) PWM converters. Extremely low-voltage steps bring a significant reduction in harmonics and electromagnetic interference emissions to the BTB system. This paper designs, constructs, and tests a single-phase downscaled BTB system rated at 120 V and 3.3 kW to verify the viability and effectiveness, leading to the actual system.
Which factors affect entrepreneurial intention of university students

– Fostering entrepreneurship needs a twofold policy that should focus on both the current situation and future prospect of entrepreneurship. Although many scholars and policy makers devote their attention to the first foci of issue, it is equally important to map out the future context of entrepreneurship. The purpose of this paper is to fill this void by analysing the impacts of some contextual factors on entrepreneurial intention of university students. , – In the study, a model was proposed and empirically tested on a sample of 300 university students in Turkey. The entrepreneurial support model (ESM) considers predominantly the impact of contextual factors on entrepreneurial intention. In the model, entrepreneurial intention is taken as a function of educational, relational, and structural supports. , – The results of the survey showed that educational and structural support factors affect the entrepreneurial intention of students. , – The paper contributes to the literature by theorizing and empirically testing how some factors affect the entrepreneurial intention of university students. Although the study is subject to some limitations, it is believed that these limitations can be overcome with further studies. , – The results of the study may have valuable implications for the policy makers and educators. , – Since today's youth are the potential entrepreneurs of the future, understanding their perception about contextual factors can be a contribution to the development of the literature and an important step in designing a more effective policy mechanism.
OpenAGRIS : using bibliographical data for linking into the agricultural knowledge web

Spreading and exchanging agricultural information is a critical issue to allow researchers to access and use the knowledge in this sector. As a contribution to this goal, we propose a new approach that allows merging and integrating all information available on the Web about a specific agricultural topic by the usage of the most modern Linked Open Data technologies. We leverage on our previous work on AGRIS, a public domain database with nearly 3 million structured bibliographical records on agricultural science and technology. In this paper we illustrate a new Semantic Web platform, OpenAgris, which aggregates information stored in various sources available on the Web, providing much data as possible about a topic or a bibliographical resource.
Compression Test of Thermally-Treated Beech Wood: Experimental and Numerical Analysis

Experimental and numerical analysis of a compression test carried out on samples of as-received and thermally-treated beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) wood is presented. In a normal climate, samples with the dimensions of 20 x 20 x 20 mm were exposed to static compressive loads parallel and transverse to the grain. Afterwards, the test was modelled using the finite element method. It was confirmed that, after thermal modification, the wood’s density decreased and the stiffness in both tested directions increased. After the thermal treatment, the strength of beech wood increased in the direction parallel to the grain and decreased in the direction transverse to the grain. Based on the comparison of experimental and numerical results, it is possible to use the hyperelastic constitutive law to reasonably model the force and displacement obtained in the compression test samples.
Model‐Based Discovery and Development of Biopharmaceuticals: A Case Study of Mavrilimumab

Drug development is a lengthy, costly process with low probability of success. Biopharmaceuticals are highly specific molecules, with efficacy and safety closely tied to target biology and pharmacology. The “learning−predicting−confirming” continuum by translational and clinical modeling and simulation (M&S) was implemented at every decision point for mavrilimumab, a human monoclonal antibody in development for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This tutorial uses mavrilimumab as an example to demonstrate rational discovery, preclinical development, clinical study design, and dose selection of biotherapeutics by M&S.
Intelligent control of a pruning robot

We present an intelligent control system for a pruning robot, which consists of a retry function for branch cutting and a velocity adjustment for spiral climbing based on robot state estimation. The retry function works when the inclination of robot is such that the contact position between the branch and chainsaw is not ideal. The function consists of three motions: back spiral moving down, adjustment of the steering angles of four active wheels, and spiral climbing with pruning. The velocity adjustment of spiral climbing is executed to obtain an optimum branch cutting velocity based on the load of the chainsaw, which depends on the diameter of the branch. The system thus increases speed of branch cutting for slight brunches and slows for thick branches. We demonstrate experimentally that the developed intelligent control enhances the reliability and efficiency for our pruning robot.
Potential of entomopathogenic fungi in insecticide resistance management (IRM): a review.

Insect pests have remarkable capacity to develop resistance to insecticides. More than 600 species of plant feeding insect pests have developed resistance to insecticides. Management of insecticides resistance offers great promise as a complementary extension of integrated pest management (IPM). Insecticide resistance management (IRM) attempts to prevent or delay the development of resistance. A revival of interest in the use of microbial agents, especially entomopathogenic fungi in combination with sublethal doses of insecticide is increasing in insecticide resistance management. Integration of selected strain entomopathogenic fungi with selective insecticides can improve the control efficiency, besides decrease the amount of insecticides required, minimize the risks of environmental contamination and delay the expression of insecticide resistance in insect pests. Co-application of fungi like Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Nomuraea rileyi, Paecilomyces spp. , Lecanicillium (=Verticillium) lecanii and Hirsutella thompsonii with suitable sublethal concentration of selective insecticide as two-in-one tank mix have been successfully employed against various insect pests to reduce the selection pressure insecticides and to avoid concurrent resistance risks in target pests. Majority of mechanisms of resistance occur through induction of enzymes especially mono-oxygenases and to some extent the esterases. Entomopathogenic fungi have ability to induce high degree of susceptibility to insecticides in target pests by suppressing enzyme activities and predispose them for fungal infection. This review outlines the current state of knowledge on the development of insecticide resistance in insect pests and discusses strategies for manipulation of certain important fungal entomopathogens as potential microbial tool in the insecticide resistance management programme for sustainable pest management systems.
An 81 GHz, 470 mW, 1.1 mm2 InP HBT power amplifier with 4∶1 series power combining using sub-quarter-wavelength baluns

We report a two-stage W-band power amplifier (PA) using novel 4.1 series power-combining with sub-quarter-wavelength baluns. The power amplifier, fabricated in a 0.25 μm InP HBT technology, produces 470 mW (26.7 dBm) output power at 81 GHz, 23.4 % peak PAE, and >11.5 GHz 3-dB bandwidth. The compact series power-combining networks permit a small 1.06 mm2 die area and a high 443 mW/mm2 output power per unit die area.
Analysis and Design of Efficient generalized Forensic framework for Detecting Twitter Spammers

Asocial networking web site could be a platform to make social networks or social relations among those who share interests, activities, backgrounds or real-life connections. Users pay a good deal of your time on known social networks(e.g.Facebook,Twitter, SinaWeibo, etc.), reading news, discussing events and posting their message. Unfortunately, this quality conjointly attracts a big quantity of spammers whoincessantly expose malicious behaviours (e.g. post messages containing commercial topics or URLs, following a bigger quantity of users, etc.), resulting in nice inconvenience on traditional users’ social activities. The propose system will workAIER (Artificial intelligence for emergency response) approach for detecting twitter spammer . We first collected and labelled a large dataset with 34 K trending topics and 20 million tweets then, construct a labelled dataset of users and manually classify users into spammers and non-spammers; after that, abstract a set of novel features from message content and users’ social behavior. Our experiments show that true positive rate of spammers and non-spammers could reach 99.1% and 99.9%.
A comparison of linear handset power amplifiers in different bipolar technologies

This work evaluates four linear power amplifiers for wireless handset applications that were fabricated (or simulated) in four different bipolar technologies. The four bipolar technologies are currently competing to become, or remain as, the preferred bipolar technology for the commercial development of power amplifier modules. The four technologies are GaAs HBT, Si BJT, SiGe HBT, and InP HBT. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the performance of power amplifiers in each of these competing technologies in terms of typical linear handset PA requirements (i.e., P/sub OUT/, ACPR, PAE, P/sub GAIN/, and ruggedness).
Molecular techniques for sex identification in birds

In many bird species, males and females cannot be discriminated on the basis of external characteristics. The problems associated with reliable sex identification were overcome by introducing the molecular techniques in the 1990s. These techniques are generally based on DNA hybridization or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This paper reviews the sexing techniques, highlighting their advantages and drawbacks. To date, the amplification of primers related to the CHD gene is the most rapid, cheap and reliable technique of almost universal application. The description of sexing techniques is accompanied with a short overview of DNA sampling, storage and extraction methods.
A Robust Symmetric Nonnegative Matrix Factorization Framework for Clustering Multiple Heterogeneous Microbiome Data

Integration of multi-view datasets which are comprised of heterogeneous sources or different representations is challenging to understand the subtle and complex relationship in data. Such data integration methods attempt to combine efficiently the complementary information of multiple data types to construct a comprehensive view of underlying data. Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF), an approach that can be used for signal compression and noise reduction, has aroused widespread attention in the last two decades. The Kullback–Leibler divergence (or relative entropy) information distance can be used to measure the loss function of NMF. In this article, we propose a fast and robust framework (RSNMF) based on symmetric nonnegative matrix factorization (SNMF) and similarity network fusion (SNF) for clustering human microbiome data including functional, metabolic and phylogenetic profiles. Many existing methods typically utilize all the information provided by each view to create a consensus representation, which often suffers a lot from noise in data and cannot provide a precise representation of the latent data structures. In contrast, RSNMF combines the strength of SNMF and the advantage of SNF to form a robust clustering indicator matrix thus can reduce the noise influence. We conduct experiments on one synthetic and two real dataset (microbiome data, text data) and the results show that the proposed RSNMF has better performance over the baseline and the state-of-art methods, which demonstrates the potential application of RSNMF for microbiome data analysis.
The generated order preserving real-time garbage collection

This paper proposes a new real-time garbage collection that always preserves the order of object creation. Some programming languages and application programs need to preserve the generated order of objects. The proposed method is the first type of the garbage collection that can be used to make them run in real-time. Since the generated order preserving scavenging garbage collection is partly employed, the complexity of the proposed method is not related to the heap size. The requirements for the real-time processing is also presented.
The Pattern Comparison of Changes of Heart Macro-Structure in the Fowl

Understanding early heart tissue structure, especially the properties of heart morphology is of cardinal interest for varied biomedical disciplines. During the past few years, striking progress has been made in identifying morphology and anatomy of bird's heart; but an exhaustive study is not available about avian heart structure related to gender differences. The current study was designed to determine whether sex effects acutely to change heart tissue pattern. Hence selected 20 native adult fowl (to equal number of both sexes) of Shahrekord districts and then hearts were dissected. Heart weight, length and diameter and thickness of left and right ventricles were determined after preparation of tissue sections, myocardial and epicardial layers were measured by micrometer. With respect to the gender, gross and microscopic morphological aspects, indicated no difference between heart weight and length and right ventricle thickness as well as left and right epicardium in both sexes. However, thickness of the left ventricle and myocardium and heart diameter in males exceeds that of females.
A survey on data redundancy and node charge preserved underwater acoustic sensor network

On this paper, the Topological formation of UWAS (under Water Acoustic Sensor) networks encompass AUV nodes and control sink, whereas control sinks are commonly floating buoys at the control of water inflated by way of pumps. These AUVs are without problems maintained and collect the sensed facts in underwater environments. The more than one AUVs for amassing the sensed records in underwater environments. The Mobicast routing protocol is used for onshore sensor networks and the primary intention of this paper is to get rid of the hole problem by creating zone of Forwarding (ZOF) areas. The proposed tactics use a static sensor node which collects the accrued statistics from different nodes in its place and send those accumulated facts to AUV whilst it enters 3D ZOR&ZOF thereby decreasing the strength used for transmission.
TEM study on the Cu wire stitch bonding interface

Copper wire is the potential alternative material of the traditional gold wire in the current IC package wire bonding process, because it has several advantages such as better electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, higher mechanical strength and lower production cost. However bondability is also reduced by copper wire's greater hardness and that copper wire can be easily oxidized. The interface structure characteristic in bonding process is crucial and will affect the yield and reliability of bonding. This paper starts with an introduction on the formation of the stitch bonding and factors of performance. Then the microstructure information of stitch bonding interface between 4N Cu wire and silver plated lead-frame or between palladium plated Cu wire and silver plated lead-frame will be reported. The micro-topography, microstructure and element interdiffusion information of Cu/Ag and Cu/Pd/Ag interfaces will be presented respectively. The similarities and differences of two interface microstructure have been compared, and the discussion is mainly focused on oxygen behaviors in Cu/Ag interface and role of palladium in Cu/Pd/Ag interface. The research results which included the stitch bonding interface microstructure could offer the essential information to improve the quality of the Cu wire stitch interface and the bonding process.
Enhancing Reliability of Combinational Circuits against Soft Errors by Using a Generalized Modular Redundancy Scheme

Nano-scale devices are continuously shrinking, operating at lower voltages and higher frequencies. This makes them more susceptible to environmental perturbations, and distinguished by their high dynamic fault rates. Redundancy techniques are widely used to increase the reliability of combinational logic circuits. In this paper, a generalized modular redundancy (GMR) scheme to enhance the reliability of combinational circuits is proposed. Additionally, several aspects regarding the application of this scheme are explored. Also, a methodology for applying GMR scheme is developed. Reliability analysis shows that the proposed methodology can achieve reliability figures higher than that of triple modular redundancy (TMR). In general, significant overhead savings are accomplished in addition to that superior reliability.
Reversing to detect software vulnerabilities

Security is a real concern for the society and it is not different for software. Vulnerable applications can expose the users to multiple risks. Software disassembling is an interesting approach to discover vulnerabilities. Unmounting an application into Assembly code can reveal multiple characteristics from the software. During the disassembling, technical features can be revealed that enable the researcher to discover issues even with no source-code available. The paper has the goal of demonstrating the disassembling efficacy for detecting vulnerabilities on software and presents a case study to evaluate the concept.
Formation and Thermal Stability of Nickel Germanide on Germanium Substrate

The formation and thermal stability of nickel germanide on germanium substrate were examined by both electrical and physical characterization methods. Low resistivity (14 µΩ cm) mono-nickel–germanide was formed at a low temperature of 400°C on Ge substrate. The sheet resistance of nickel germanide changed with the germanide formation temperatures and had a similar characteristic as nickel silicide. However, the thermal stability study shows that NiGe formed on Ge substrate has a poorer thermal stability than NiSi on Si substrate, which is due to the lower activation energy of agglomeration in NiGe (2.2±0.2 eV) compared to NiSi.
Implementing a USB File System for Bare PC Applications

Bare machine computing applications including Web servers, Webmail servers, SIP servers and SQLite require a file system that can also be used with an OS such as Windows or Linux. However, conventional file systems are OSdependent and cannot be used with bare PC applications, which run without any OS or kernel support. This paper describes the implementation of a novel FAT-32 based USB file system for a bare PC, and provides details of its internal structures and the file API. Implementing a bare machine file system is challenging because it does not use any standard system libraries and requires integrating the USB driver and FAT32 file system with the bare PC application. The file system can be used with any existing or future bare PC
Research on Automatically Extraction of Term Relation Extraction

1. Knowledge Engineering center of Shenyang Institute of Aeronautical Engineering , ShenYang , 110034 E-mail: ysujn@163.com Abstract: Term relation extraction is the basis of automatically building the repository of terms. The current research about term relation extraction focuses on how to obtain effective characteristics of describing the relationship. This paper presents a novel method of feature extraction based on latent relation analysis, which automatically obtains the relation characteristics from patent corpus as the features of support vector machine. Experiments show that the F-score of this system yields 75%.
Molecular Evolution , Substitution Models , and Phylogenies

These databases also provide an opportunity to study the relationship between the sequences in an evolutionary context. Research in this area will not only give insight into the divergence of molecules, but also into the process of evolution. These notes will be an introduction to the basic mathematical and statistical methods behind the study of molecular evolution. See Li (1997) for a more thorough survey of the different approaches.
MERIT: a Mutation Error Rate Identification Toolkit for Ultra-deep Sequencing Applications

Rapid progress in high-throughput sequencing (HTS) has enabled the molecular characterization of mutational landscapes in heterogeneous populations and has improved our understanding of clonal evolution processes. Analyzing the sensitivity of detecting genomic mutations in HTS requires comprehensive profiling of sequencing artifacts. To this end, we introduce MERIT, designed for in-depth quantification of erroneous substitutions and small insertions and deletions, specifically for ultra-deep applications. MERIT incorporates an all-inclusive variant caller and considers genomic context, including the nucleotides immediately at 5′ and 3′, thereby establishing error rates for 96 possible substitutions as well as four singlebase and 16 double-base indels. We apply MERIT to ultra-deep sequencing data (1,300,000×) and show a significant relationship between error rates and genomic contexts. We devise an in silico approach to determine the optimal sequencing depth, where errors occur at rates similar to those of true mutations. Finally, we assess nucleotide-incorporation fidelity of four high-fidelity DNA polymerases in clinically relevant loci, and demonstrate how fixed detection thresholds may result in substantial false positive as well as false negative calls.