Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Translating ENIGMA schizophrenia findings using the regional vulnerability index: Association with cognition, symptoms, and disease trajectory

Patients with schizophrenia have patterns of brain deficits including reduced cortical thickness, subcortical gray matter volumes, and cerebral white matter integrity. We proposed the regional vulnerability index (RVI) to translate the results of Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics Meta‐Analysis studies to the individual level. We calculated RVIs for cortical, subcortical, and white matter measurements and a multimodality RVI. We evaluated RVI as a measure sensitive to schizophrenia‐specific neuroanatomical deficits and symptoms and studied the timeline of deficit formations in: early (≤5 years since diagnosis, N = 45, age = 28.8 ± 8.5); intermediate (6–20 years, N = 30, age 43.3 ± 8.6); and chronic (21+ years, N = 44, age = 52.5 ± 5.2) patients and healthy controls (N = 76, age = 38.6 ± 12.4). All RVIs were significantly elevated in patients compared to controls, with the multimodal RVI showing the largest effect size, followed by cortical, white matter and subcortical RVIs (d = 1.57, 1.23, 1.09, and 0.61, all p < 10−6). Multimodal RVI was significantly correlated with multiple cognitive variables including measures of visual learning, working memory and the total score of the MATRICS consensus cognitive battery, and with negative symptoms. The multimodality and white matter RVIs were significantly elevated in the intermediate and chronic versus early diagnosis group, consistent with ongoing progression. Cortical RVI was stable in the three disease‐duration groups, suggesting neurodevelopmental origins of cortical deficits. In summary, neuroanatomical deficits in schizophrenia affect the entire brain; the heterochronicity of their appearance indicates both the neurodevelopmental and progressive nature of this illness. These deficit patterns may be useful for early diagnosis and as quantitative targets for more effective treatment strategies aiming to alter these neuroanatomical deficit patterns.
The Numic Spread: Great Basin Cultures in Competition

The rapid spread of Numic peoples into the Great Basin about 500-700 years ago is a major anomaly in the prehistory of that region because, according to current interpretations, it occurred in the absence of major adaptive change. A review of existing evidence suggests that this view is incorrect; we propose an alternative notion of important contrasts between Prenumic and Numic adaptation in terms of the relative reliance on large game and small seeds. These contrasts explain why the Numic speakers were consistently able to expand at the expense of Prenumic groups.
Shedding New Light on Project Portfolio Risk Management

This paper constitutes an innovative attempt to analyse the risks and negative phenomena dependencies within a project portfolio. Based on the available literature, the risks and negative phenomena (that is, the problems with the availability of resources, interpersonal conflicts, irregularities in the portfolio balance, etc.) specific to a project portfolio were identified. Theoretical constructs were then used to connect the identified risks with the negative phenomena. Structural equations were used to confirm the existence and quality of these constructs, as well as models describing connections between phenomena. The determination of the structural equations also provided a setting in which statistical methods (χ2, RMSEA and CFI) could be used to investigate the level of fit of the constructs and models to the empirical data.
Mapping gray matter loss with voxel-based morphometry in mild cognitive impairment

We used voxel-based morphometry to comprehensively and objectively map gray matter loss in 22 patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment, defined as progressive isolated episodic memory decline. Compared with 22 age-matched healthy controls, patients had highly significant gray matter loss predominantly affecting the hippocampal region and cingulate gyri (posterior and subcallosal part of the anterior), and extending into the temporal neocortex. Compared with 16 age-matched patients with mild Alzheimer's disease, gray matter density was significantly preserved in mild cognitive impairment in the posterior association cortex. This pattern of gray matter loss in mild cognitive impairment agrees with but considerably expands upon previous region-of-interest based MRI studies, and is highly consistent with the course of neurofibrillary tangles across aging and Alzheimer's disease.
Cross-Resistance and Inheritance of Resistance to Emamectin Benzoate in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

ABSTRACT Beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), is a worldwide pest of many crops. Chemical insecticides are heavily used for its control in China, and serious resistance has been evolved in the field to a variety of insecticides including emamectin benzoate. Through repeated backcrossing to a susceptible strain (WH-S) and selection with emamectin benzoate, the trait conferring resistance to emamectin benzoate in a field-collected population of S. exigua (moderately resistant to emamectin benzoate and strongly resistant to pyrethroids and indoxacarb) was introgressed into WH-S to generate a near-isogenic resistant strain (WH-EB). Compared with WH-S, the WH-EB strain developed a 1,110-fold resistance to emamectin benzoate and a high level of cross-resistance to abamectin (202-fold), with low levels of cross-resistance to cypermethrin (10-fold) and chlorfluazuron (7-fold), but no crossresistance to representatives of another six different classes of insecticides (chlorantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr, indoxacarb, spinosad, tebufenozide, and chlorpyrifos). Resistance to emamectin benzoate in WH-EB was autosomal, incompletely dominant, and polygenic. Limited cross-resistance in WH-EB indicates that emamectin benzoate can be rotated with other classes of insecticides to which it does not show cross-resistance to delay the evolution of resistance in S. exigua. The incompletely dominant nature of resistance in S. exigua may explain the rapid evolution of resistance to emamectin benzoate in the field, and careful deployment of this chemical within a resistance management program should be considered.
Extending Structural Analyses of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale to Consider Criterion-Related Validity: Can Composite Self-Esteem Scores Be Good Enough?

abstract Although the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) is the most widely used measure of global self-esteem in the literature, there are ongoing disagreements about its factor structure. This methodological debate informs how the measure should be used in substantive research. Using a sample of 1,127 college students, we test the overall fit of previously specified models for the RSES, including a newly proposed bifactor solution (McKay, Boduszek, & Harvey, 2014). We extend previous work by evaluating how various latent factors from these structural models are related to a set of criterion variables frequently studied in the self-esteem literature. A strict unidimensional model poorly fit the data, whereas models that accounted for correlations between negatively and positively keyed items tended to fit better. However, global factors from viable structural models had similar levels of association with criterion variables and with the pattern of results obtained with a composite global self-esteem variable calculated from observed scores. Thus, we did not find compelling evidence that different structural models had substantive implications, thereby reducing (but not eliminating) concerns about the integrity of the self-esteem literature based on overall composite scores for the RSES.
Graphical model validation methods for analog and mixedsignal electronic circuits design

Simplified models are used to replace SPICE-based simulation models in analog and mixed-signal electronic circuits design for increased computational efficiency. The increase in computational efficiency usually comes at the expense of reduced model accuracies by comparison to simulation models. Graphical model validation methods can be used to display model and simulation data to complement validation statistics such as root mean square (RMS) error. In this paper, we present three plot types to display data to validate models in analog integrated circuits. These are the so-called circle plots, acceptance-score-distribution (ASD) plots, and ordinal plots. These plots are general and easy to generate using the same validation sample used to calculate other statistics, e.g., RMS errors; no extra simulation expenses are incurred. Furthermore, unlike quantitative statistics used for model validation, the methods presented require no statistical assumptions for the data that can be displayed.
Adaptive cryptographic access control for dynamic data sharing environments

Distributed systems, characterized by their ability to ensure the execution of multiple transactions across a myriad of applications, constitute a prime platform for building Web applications. However, Web application interactions raise issues pertaining to security and performance that make manual security management both time-consuming and challenging. This thesis is a testimony to the security and performance enhancements afforded by using the autonomic computing paradigm to design an adaptive cryptographic access control framework for dynamic data sharing environments. One of the methods of enforcing cryptographic access control in these environments is to classify users into one of several groups interconnected in the form of a partially ordered set. Each group is assigned a single cryptographic key that is used for encryption/decryption. Access to data is granted only if a user holds the “correct” key, or can derive the required key from the one in their possession. This approach to access control is a good example of one that provides good security but has the drawback of reacting to changes in group membership by replacing keys, and re-encrypting the associated data, throughout the entire hierarchy. Data re-encryption is time-consuming, so, rekeying creates delays that impede performance. In order to support our argument in favor of adaptive security, we begin by presenting two cryptographic key management (CKM) schemes in which key updates affect only the class concerned or those in its sub-poset. These extensions enhance performance, but handling scenarios that require adaptability remain a challenge. Our framework addresses this issue by allowing the CKM scheme to monitor the rate at which key updates occur and to adjust resource (keys and encrypted replicas) allocations to handle future changes by anticipation rather than on demand. Therefore, in comparison to quasi-static approaches, the adaptive CKM scheme minimizes the long-term cost of key updates. Finally, since self-protecting CKM requires a lesser degree of physical intervention by a human security administrator, we consider the case of “collusion attacks” and propose two algorithms to detect as well as prevent such attacks. A complexity and security analysis show the theoretical improvements our schemes offer. Each algorithm presented is supported by a proof of concept implementation, and experimental results to show the performance improvements.
Covert preleukemia driven by MLL gene fusion

Acute leukemia is considered to be a two‐ or multiple‐step process. Although there is a considerable knowledge regarding the character of the “first hit,” the nature of the “second hit” remains unanswered in most of the cases including leukemias with MLL gene rearrangement. We demonstrate here a striking sequence of events, which include a covert, protracted preleukemic phase characterized by a dominant MLL/FOXO3A clone with intact myeloid differentiation and the subsequent acquisition of a secondary genetic abnormality, leading to overt lymphoblastic leukemia. Backtracking of the secondary acute lymphoblastic leukemia (sALL) with the MLL rearrangement showed no blasts in the bone marrow (BM) during the protracted preleukemic phase. However, at the same time (more than 1 year before the sALL diagnosis) the MLL/FOXO3A was present in up to 90% of BM cells including myeloid lineage, suggesting that the fusion arose in a multipotent progenitor. To identify potential “second hit” precipitating sALL we compared DNA in preleukemic versus fully leukemic samples. The analysis revealed a 10 Mb gain on 19q13.32 in the sALL, absent in the preleukemic specimen. These data provide insight into the dynamics of leukemogenesis in secondary leukemia with MLL rearrangement. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Growth Hormone Receptor Gene is Associated with Mandibular Height in a Chinese Population

Genetic influences are important in the determination of mandibular morphology, and growth hormone receptor (GHR) is believed to have an important influence on the growth of craniofacial bone. In this study, we used quantitative trait locus methods to evaluate the relationship between craniofacial morphology and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in GHR in an unselected healthy Chinese population. We systematically screened the 10 exons and nearby introns of GHR and identified 6 SNPs. Using 4 SNPs as markers, we studied the relationships between genotypes and craniofacial linear measurements. Individuals with the genotype CC of polymorphism I526L had a significantly greater mandibular ramus length (condylion-gonion/ articulare-gonion) than those with genotype AC or AA. Haplotype analysis showed that there were also significant differences between the long and short mandibular height groups in an extreme population. Our results indicate that the GHR gene polymorphism I526L is associated with mandibular height in the Chinese population.
Biodeterioration vs Biodegradation : the Role of Microorganisms in the Removal of Pollutants Deposited on Historic Buildings

This paper describes some biodegradation processes originating from the activity of microorganisms in the black crusts of historic buildings. The crusts are mainly composed of gypsum, carbonaceous particles, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The slowly dissolving gypsum from black crusts represents a continuous source of sulphur for microbial growth. The sulphate-bonding capacity of the sheath of cyanobacteria causes a particularly high demand for sulphate, thus making sulphur nutrition a relevant aspect in their physiology. On the other hand, bacteria capable of using polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as a sole carbon and energy source were isolated from monuments. These examples illustrate that on the surfaces of building stones, located in polluted environments, there is a continuous deposition and. at the same time. a biodegradation of pollutants leading to their removal.
Syndromic surveillance of acute gastroenteritis based on drug consumption

SUMMARY Since 1998, the French Health Insurance (NHI) system had established a national database in order to reimburse drug prescriptions. These electronical data are a considerable potential source for syndromic surveillance because of their exhaustive and regular updates. The aim of this study was to develop a method to identify acute gastroenteritis (AG) cases from drug reimbursements of the NHI database. The algorithm aimed at discriminating AG from other pathologies was determined from a sample of 206 AG prescriptions and 351 non-AG prescriptions collected in five pharmacies. The AG case identification was mainly based on the lag time between the prescription and delivery day, the occurrence of non-AG case-specific drugs, AG case-specific drug associations and treatment duration. The discriminant algorithm led to a sensitive and specific indicator of medically treated cases of AG with a time–spatial resolution power which met the need for waterborne AG surveillance.
Production and isolation of reuterin, a growth inhibitor produced by Lactobacillus reuteri

Lactobacillus reuteri is a prominent member of the Lactobacillus population in the gastrointestinal ecosystem of humans, poultry, swine, and other animals. Reuterin is a newly discovered, broad-spectrum antimicrobial substance produced by this species during fermentation of glycerol. In this report, we describe procedures for (i) producing reuterin in sufficient amounts to isolate from a fermentation mixture and (ii) isolating this substance by high-performance liquid chromatography. By using uniformly labeled [14C]glycerol, reuterin was identified as a product of glycerol fermentation associated with the production of beta-hydroxypropionic acid and trimethylene glycol.
Dissecções de Borda Após Implante Coronário de Suportes Vasculares Biorreabsorvíveis. Análise Seriada com Tomografia de Coerência Óptica

Introducao: A incidencia de disseccoes de borda, apos o implante de suportes vasculares biorreabsorviveis (SVBs), ainda nao foi investigada. Esses suportes tem hastes mais espessas e requerem pre-dilatacao mais agressiva no implante. Avaliamos a incidencia de disseccoes de borda apos implante de SVBs, seus aspectos morfometricos e o processo de cicatrizacao, com imagens de tomografia de coerencia optica (OCT) seriadas. Metodos: Incluimos pacientes consecutivos, que foram tratados com SVBs polimerico, e que possuiam avaliacao com OCT apos o procedimento e aos 6 meses de evolucao. Disseccoes de borda foram definidas como rupturas da superficie luminal nos 5 mm distais ou proximais ao SVB. Resultados: Das 96 bordas de 48 SVB implantados em 48 lesoes de 48 pacientes, 91 bordas estavam disponiveis para a analise. Disseccoes foram detectadas pela OCT em 28 bordas (30,7%) de 22 lesoes (45,8%), com igual distribuicao entre as bordas distais e proximais. Todas as disseccoes apareceram como flaps e nao foram visualizadas pela angiografia. Doenca aterosclerotica esteve presente em 96,4% das bordas dissecadas; a maioria era fibrocalcificada (40,8%) e mais de um terco era rica em lipidio. O comprimento medio das disseccoes foi 1,80 mm e a area media dos flaps tinha 0,30 mm. A maioria das disseccoes (89,3%) era superficial, restrita a camada intima/ateroma. No seguimento de 6 meses, 92,8% das disseccoes cicatrizaram e nao houve reducao significativa nas dimensoes luminais nos segmentos de borda, com apenas um caso de reestenose. Conclusoes: Disseccoes de borda sao frequentes apos implante de SVBs polimericos. As disseccoes, apenas detectadas pela OCT, foram curtas, superficiais, sem comprometimento do fluxo coronario e apresentaram evolucao clinica favoravel.
The Australian Register: Current Research and Future Role a

Australian and New Zealand in vitro fertilization (IVF) statistics ( 19791987) are produced by the National Perinatal Statistics Unit (NPSU) at Sydney University. The Unit was established in 1979 by the Australian Commonwealth Department of Health to collect and analyze national birth data and, in particular, to monitor the incidence of congenital malformations. With the development of IVF services and the growing number of resultant pregnancies and births, the Australian IVF Register was set up in 1983 by the NPSU and the Fertility Society of Australia. A separate register for these births was thought appropriate, given general concern over the possible increased risks of both chromosomal and congenital abnormalities after IVF fertilization. Various reasons why IVF pregnancies might be subject to these increased risks are listed in TABLE 1 . The initial IVF Register (1983) included pregnancies from eight IVF Units throughout Australia. In 1987 there were fourteen Australian and one New Zealand participant units. The Register is updated with information submitted annually by these clinics (such as total patient numbers, parent characteristics, pregnancy rates and outcomes, and the incidence and nature of birth defects). Pregnancies are designated according to the year of fertilization, not delivery. Data are collected on a standard questionnaire form (FIG. 1 ), which is completed and checked by staff at the individual clinics. These forms are then batched and forwarded to the NPSU, where they are checked, collated and analyzed. Cumulative individual printouts are sent to the participant clinics, and combined statistics have, to date, been published in two NPSU Reports in 1984' and 198L2 The limitations of the data are recognized. While all collectors are medically trained, the data quality remains dependent on their care and enthusiasm. Further,
Temporal interactive response is resistant to cloudy ocular media in the slow double-stimulation multifocal electroretinogram

Aim To examine the influence of cloudy media on the slow double-stimulation multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG). Methods Slow double-stimulation mfERG responses were measured from 26 subjects with normal ocular health under normal and light scattering conditions (induced using acrylic sheets) (Experiment 1) and another nine cataract patients before and after cataract surgery (Experiment 2). The amplitudes and implicit times of the first (M1) and second (M2) stimulation were compared under normal and light scattering conditions in Experiment 1 and they were compared under precataract and postcataract surgery in Experiment 2. Results Compared with control conditions (normal and postcataract surgery), the M1 amplitude in the central region was significantly reduced in light scattering conditions (acrylic sheets and precataract surgery); the M2 amplitude and both M1 and M2 implicit times of all regions examined were moderately affected in precataract surgery. The M1:M2 amplitude ratio and implicit time ratio were virtually unaffected in cloudy media for either central or mid-peripheral regions. Conclusion Cloudy media affects the mfERG amplitude and implicit time in the slow double-stimulation, but does not affect the response ratio (ie, M1:M2 amplitude ratio and implicit time ratio) between the two stimulations. This suggests that the ratio analysis can be applied in patients with mild to moderately cloudy ocular media to evaluate the functional integrity of the retina.
Understanding the Effects of Low Salinity on Fertilization Success and Early Development in the Sand Dollar Echinarachnius parma

Free-spawning marine invertebrates that live near shore or in estuaries may experience reduced fertilization success during low-salinity events. Although several studies have documented reproductive failure at reduced salinity in estuarine animals, few have looked at whether developmental failure is due to a failure of fertilization or to a failure of fertilized eggs to cleave. In this study, we examined the effects of salinities ranging from 18 to 32 psu on fertilization success and early development in the sand dollar Echinarachnius parma. In addition to decoupling the effects of low salinity on fertilization from its effects on early cleavage, we also assessed whether eggs or sperm were the weak link in accounting for reproductive failure. We found that both fertilization and cleavage failed at salinities below about 22 psu but that development could be partially rescued by returning zygotes to full-strength seawater. We also found that sperm remained active and capable of fertilizing eggs even after being exposed to low salinities for 30 min. Taken together, these results suggest that reproductive failure at low salinities in E. parma is due more to an inability of the fertilized eggs to cleave than to an inability of sperm to fertilize eggs.