Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lipids of pork meat as affected by various cooking techniques / Modificaciones de los lípidos de carne de cerdo en función de su guiso

The effects of different cooking techniques on the lipids of pork meat were evaluated. The assayed cooking techniques were deep-frying (DF), shallow-frying (SF), roasting (RO) and boiling (BO). Modi fication of the roasting meat due to reheating in a microwave oven after 24 h at 4 °C (MW), was also studied. In DF and SF significant increases were found in the lipid content (13.7 and 16.7 g/100 g of dry basis, respectively) and in the nun-polar lipids (11.2 and 14.2 g/100 g of dry basis, respectively) due to the absorption of the oil used in these cooking treatments. The main variations in the fatty acid composition of phospholipids and non-polar lipids were observed in the polyunsaturated fatty acid fraction. There was an increase in the content of free fatty acids (SFA, MUFA, PUFA) after MW, BO and RO. By contrast, free fatty acid content in DF and SF was similar to the content of initial raw meat. MW showed the greatest degradation of the phospholipid fraction, with a significant decline in phosphatidyl ethanolamine. All cooking treatments produced an increase in lipid oxidation, this be ing higher in RO and MW treatments.
The relationship between dung quality and oocyte resorption in laboratory and field populations of Lucilia cuprina

Oocyte resorption in Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is indicative of protein shortages during ovarian development. It is commonplace in field populations and is thought to reflect the species’ dependence on sheep dung as its primary source of protein. To test this proposition, resorption was monitored in flies fed with sheep dung collected when pastures varied from lush to drought affected. Laboratory assays showed that the proportion of females that became gravid, their rate of ovarian development, and the size and number of oocytes matured all decreased significantly as the protein content of the food source decreased. Conversely, the number of oocytes resorbed increased as dung protein decreased. However, estimates of dung quality (DQ), as derived from a pasture growth–DQ model, were not informative in explaining the seasonal or regional prevalence of resorption in flies collected over several years in three widely disparate sheep‐grazing areas. Recalibration of the DQ model to provide daily estimates of dung protein, which were then used to predict the incidence of oocyte resorption at different times of the year, also failed to show any systematic effects. There was, however, a clear tendency for this model to underestimate the extent of resorption in field populations. Because wild flies would have ready access to a wide variety of food sources, many of which would have been more nutritious than sheep dung, this finding is contrary to expectation and hence the nutritional role of sheep dung merits further study.
Aproximaciones para la evaluación ambiental de los complejos cenagosos en el marco de la depresión Momposina.

Los complejos cenagosos de la depresion Momposina, en el bajo rio Magdalena, han sido sometidos a explotacion irracional, transformacion y contaminacion principalmente desde comienzos de siglo, proceso que se ha visto agravado en la ultima decada. La manifestacion mas evidente del deterioro ambiental se expresa en la reduccion drastica de la pesca, con efectos socioeconomicos importantes para la poblacion que vive de este recurso. Se identificaron las causas mas notorias del estado actual del ecosistema y se presentan algunas consideraciones preliminares para su manejo. No obstante las modificaciones que han sufrido los complejos (clausura de canos naturales, construccion dejarillones, modificaciones del flujo interno de agua y sedimentos, sobreexplotacion de peces y herpetofauna), el deterioro de las condiciones limnologicas es moderado, lo que permite iniciar planes de recuperacion. Los mayores impactos se observaron en la avifauna y en la fauna de reptiles asociados a las cienagas; la disminucion de las poblaciones icticas parece mas relacionado con el fuerte impacto generado por las artes de pesca empleadas y la interrupcion de los ciclos naturales de los peces. La posibilidad de reconstruir la comunicacion cienaga - rio, debera ser estudiada con cuidado ya que los sistemas parecen haber llegado a nuevas condiciones de equilibrio, en un ambiente igualmente cambiante en condiciones naturales. La reapertura de canos podria representar un nuevo desequilibrio evidenciado principalmente por la contaminacion proveniente del rio Magdalena.
Effect of d18-k, a Dwarfing Gene of Rice, on Cool Tolerance at the Booting Stage under the Genetic Background of Norin-PL8, and its Relation with Water Depth

Norin-PL8 (•gPL8•h) is an extremely cool-tolerant variety, which contains genes for cool tolerance introduced from a javanica indigenous variety, •eSilewah. ' The effect of d18-k on the cool tolerance at the booting stage was examined under the genetic background of PL8, by using the isogenic line regarding d18-k of the recurrent parent, PL8. This line was denoted by •gD8. •h We performed cool treatments at 12•Ž for five d with and without deep water at a depth of 15 cm, i.e., DW and CA, respectively. The light intensities in day time in the DW and CA were about 30,000 and 7,000 lx, respectively. L5 (the mean value of the lowest five spikelet fertilities on five consecutive days in each treatment in each line) was used to evaluate the cool tolerances of the lines. In the CA, the L5 of D8 was higher than that of PL8, indicating that the former is more tolerant than the latter. There was a trend in each line that spikelet fertilities in the DW were higher than those in the CA. The height of panicle of D8 was always lower than that of PL8 throughout the booting stage. This indicated that d18-k makes it easy to protect developing panicles under the surface of irrigation water which is ordinary warmer than the ambient air in cool weather districts.
Sustained accumulation of methyl salicylate alters antioxidant protection and reduces tolerance of holm oak to heat stress

Methyl salicylate (MeSA) is thought to have a major role in biotic and abiotic stresses by acting as a signal to trigger the oxidative burst, which is needed to activate gene expression in plant stress responses. To assess the potential effects of sustained foliar accumulation of MeSA on plant stress tolerance, the extent of photo- and antioxidant protection, lipid peroxidation and visual leaf area damage were evaluated in MeSA-treated (c. 60 nl I -1 in air) and control holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) plants exposed to heat stress. Control plants showed an increase in foliar MeSA levels up to 1.8 nmol [gDW] -1 as temperature increased and they displayed tolerance to temperatures as high as 45°C, which might be attributed, at least in part, to enhanced xanthophyll de-epoxidation and increases in ascorbate and α-tocopherol. MeSA-treated plants showed a sustained foliar accumulation of this compound, with values ranging from 10 to 23 nmol [gDW] -1 throughout the experiment. These plants showed lower ascorbate and tocopherol levels and higher oxidative damage at 50°C than controls, as indicated by enhanced malondialdehyde levels and leaf area damage and lower maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (F v /F m ratio). These results demonstrate that a sustained foliar accumulation of MeSA is detrimental to plant function and that it can reduce thermotolerance in holm oak by altering antioxidant defences.
Interaction between host plant resistance and the biocontrol of a cereal aphid: a laboratory study

ABSTRACT Interrelationships between the three trophic levels; resistant and susceptible corn, Zea mays, a cereal aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner), and a braconid aphid parasitoid Lysiphlebus delhiensis (Subba Rao & Sharma), were studied in the laboratory and the interaction between plant resistance and the efficiency of the parasitoid was evaluated. For the assessment of parasitoid efficiency, its age-specific life tables were constructed at different host density levels. Greater survival, progeny production, female progeny and intrinsic rate of natural increase of the parasitoid were observed on the resistant cultivar than on the susceptible one. The results suggest that the reproductive success of the parasitoid was better on the corn cultivar resistant to the aphid M. sacchari, implying a synergistic effect of plant resistance on biocontrol of the aphid. Therefore, there should be no reason why plant resistance and biocontrol cannot be a highly effective and compatible combination within an IPM fo.
Variación en la forma y estructura de la concha de neogastrópodos del Caribe colombiano, asociada al fenómeno de imposex

Alteraciones fenotipicas en la concha de neogasteropodos han sido relacionadas con el imposex, que es el desarrollo de caracteres sexuales masculinos en hembras de gasteropodos por contaminacion de tributilo de estano TBT. Para Colombia solo se ha reportado imposex en Stramonita haemastoma y no se tiene conocimiento sobre efectos relacionados con este fenomeno. El objetivo fue determinar el grado de alteracion en la forma y estructura de la concha asociados al fenomeno de imposex en las especies Plicopurpura patula y Thais deltoidea del Caribe colombiano. Se recolectaron ejemplares en ocho litorales rocosos de los departamentos de La Guajira, Magdalena y Bolivar. Los organismos fueron sexados, medidos y pesados. Se estimo el grado de imposex, la longitud promedio del pene en hembras (FPL) y el indice de la longitud relativa del pene en hembras (RPLI) y sus estandar, el indice de la secuencia del vaso deferente (VDSI) y la frecuencia de imposex (%I). Para comparar la forma de la concha de P. patula en cuatro estaciones se utilizo morfometria geometrica. La densidad de las conchas fue analizada con tomografia computarizada simple y se utilizo microscopia electronica de barrido para observar la microestructura del labio externo de la concha. Los indices evidencian desarrollo de imposex grado I en P. patula y de grados I y II en T. deltoidea para las estaciones Marina (I 95%) y Muelle (I=25% - 11.11%). Se encontraron diferencias significativas en el tamano y la forma de la concha de los individuos de estaciones con y sin imposex (P valores 0.0001, pruebas t y MANOVA NP). En estaciones con imposex se presentaron conchas alargadas con aberturas estrechas y espira larga, mientras que en zonas sin afectacion las conchas fueron globosas con abertura ancha y espira corta. Plicopurpura patula presento conchas fragiles con disminucion en el grosor de dos capas de la concha y densidades bajas en Marina (698.03 - 559.49 UH) y Muelle (1017 - 804.50 UH), en las demas estaciones se registraron densidades 1200 UH. Para T. deltoidea no se registraron alteraciones estructurales o cambios en la densidad relacionados con la presencia de imposex. Los resultados permiten concluir que las dos especies presentan un gado de imposex similar, no obstante, las alteraciones de la concha con relacion al imposex difieren entre especies, siendo P. patula la que presenta mayor alteracion.
Isolation and characterization of 125 microsatellite DNA markers in the blacklip abalone, Haliotis rubra

Australian abalone species are subject to wild harvest and aquaculture production. This study characterized 125 polymorphic microsatellite markers in the blacklip abalone, Haliotis rubra, and evaluated cross-species amplification in Haliotis laevigata and Haliotis coccoradiata. Segregation analysis of a mapping family revealed non-amplifying polymerase chain reaction null alleles at 34 loci. Cross-species amplification was achieved for 89 loci.
Evaluación del perfil metabólico de un consorcio de cianobacterias bentónicas arrecifales del Caribe colombiano bajo condiciones cultivo

Las cianobacterias bentonicas marinas son una fuente promisoria de compuestos estructuralmente complejos y con actividades biologicas de interes. Entre estas, la actividad insecticida es de gran importancia en los sectores de salud publica y la agricultura, por lo cual ofrece grandes oportunidades de desarrollo comercial. Con el fin de aprovechar el potencial biotecnologico que estos organismos pueden ofrecer, se establecieron cultivos de 19 consorcios microbianos obtenidos a partir de tapetes de cianobacterias bentonicas del Caribe colombiano. El medio de cultivo SWBG-11 modificado proporciono la fuente de hierro Fe(III)EDTA en lugar de citrato ferrico amonico. Esta formulacion incremento la solubilidad y subsecuente biodisponibilidad del hierro, promoviendo asi el crecimiento de los consorcios. Cinco consorcios fueron efectivamente resuspendidos en volumenes mayores de cultivo, en el menor tiempo posible y sin observarse indicios de lisis celular. Los extractos crudos de tres de ellos (CB05, CB06 y CB16) resultaron activos en los ensayos de ecotoxicidad contra Artemia salina. De otro lado, el extracto crudo del consorcio CB09 mostro baja letalidad contra A. salina y actividad larvicida frente al mosquito vector de enfermedades Aedes aegypti. Se considera a este consorcio como una posible fuente promisoria de compuestos con actividad insecticida. Los cambios en las concentraciones de fosforo, hierro y nitrogeno en el medio de cultivo SWBG-11, tuvieron un efecto en el perfil metabolico del consorcio CB09. Las condiciones de limitacion y deplecion de nutrientes incrementaron la produccion de los compuestos C1 (tr 7,6 min; m/z 515,314) y C2 (tr 8,7 min; m/z 593,282), y propiciaron la biosintesis de los compuestos C7 (tr 9,8 min; m/z 282,276) y C8 (tr 14,0 min; m/z 621,448). El analisis multivariante S-plot sugiere que todos ellos se encuentran relacionados con un incremento de la actividad larvicida de los extractos frente al mosquito Aedes aegypti.
Association of Mitochondrial Function and Feed Efficiency

Studies were conducted to evaluate the potential link between mitochondrial function and biochemistry with the phenotypic expression of feed efficiency (FE) in a single line of broilers fed the same diet. Mitochondria isolated from low FE birds had lower respiratory chain coupling but oxidative phosphorylation capability was either equal or superior to that of mitochondria from broilers with high FE. Higher H2O2 production and higher protein carbonyls (oxidation) was also consistently observed in mitochondria or homogenate from low FE broilers. Respiratory chain complex activities, except for Complex IV activity in the duodenum, were lower in mitochondria from low FE birds. There were differences in gene and protein expression of certain mitochondrial and extra-mitochondrial proteins, but there was no indication that the lower complex activity and respiratory chain coupling in mitochondria from low FE birds is due to a generalized decreased in gene or protein expression. However, three mitochondrial proteins (COX II, cyt c1, and cyt c) and vinculin, a focal adhesion regulator, appear to be differentially expressed with broiler FE phenotype in several tissues. To our knowledge, these studies are the first to demonstrate functional and biochemical differences in mitochondria isolated from tissues of broilers with low and high FE. Furthermore, differences in expression of mitochondrial proteins between high and low FE birds could be exploited to develop FE biomarker(s) to aid selection programs in identifying breeder replacement stock with inferior or superior FE.
Towards a conceptual foundation for physical security: Case study of an IT department

Protecting physical data, networks, and systems has become difficult, increasingly costly, and tougher to manage as technology and environments become more complex and dynamic. This paper presents a theoretical foundation for physical information technology (IT) security by developing a logical description based on a flow-based model. Within this model, a security machine is defined as a sequence of stages in which flow is identified and blocked in a multilevel blockage machine. The main focusses of the paper are the importance of having appropriate physical security in place, discussed with so-called onion/garlic models, and the notion of physical containment. The proposed representation is applied to an actual security plan for an IT department of a government ministry. The results suggest a viable approach to designing physical security strategies.
Translation, Adaptation and Cross Language Validation of New Active Procrastination Scale and Passive Procrastination Scale

Translation, Adaptation and Cross Language Validation of New Active Procrastination Scale and Passive Procrastination Scale Abstract The present study was carried out with an objective to translate and validate New Active Procrastination Scale (NAPS) and Passive Procrastination Scale (PPS) into Urdu as both the constructs are slightly new and there were no translated measures available that had been
Fire regimes and phytomass growth dynamics in a Quercus coccifera garrigue

An experiment was set up in a Quercus coccifera garrigue in southern France to analyze the effect of burning frequency and season on phytomass production. Fire regimes consisted of late spring or early autumn burns, every 6 yr, every 3 yr, or every 2 yr. The experiment started in 1969 and lasted for 19 yr. In May 1981 and May 1987, 10 samples, each 1 m2, were harvested per treatment. Fire frequency had an effect on the quantity of phytomass which was produced: above-ground phytomass decreased with increasing fire frequency. This was mainly due to the lower biomass of woody plants. In all burning treatments the phytomass of herbs was higher than in the unburned vegetation. Within each burning frequency, the total phytomass of the spring-burned vegetation was always higher than that of the autumn-burned community. Generally, the herb phytomass produced was higher in the autumn-burned plots. There were two fairly distinct phases in the period following fire, each with a different level of annual phytomass production. For the first six years it was about 300 g m−2 yr−1, falling thereafter to about 50 g m−2 yr−1. This and other studies on Q. coccifera garrigue indicate that this community is very resilient with respect to fire, but possesses a low productive capacity and does not show any sign of degeneration up to 30 yr old.
Utjecaj organizacije interne revizije i učinkovitog revizijskog odbora na korištenje rada interne revizije u eksternoj reviziji

The aim of this paper is to explore the factors that influence external auditors’ decision on the degree of use of internal audit work to achieve greater degree of complementarity between corporate governance mechanisms and to increase their efficacy. The external auditors will use internal audit work to obtain audit evidence and to provide direct assistance. The basic features analysed in this paper are perception of internal audit function independence and individual objectivity by manipulating the type of internal audit organisation in the company. The efficient audit committee, as a moderator variable, is used to examine whether the perception of external auditors on the level of use of internal audit work changes. Experimental research method was used on a sample of 130 external auditors. The results indicate that efficient audit committee contributes to a higher level of use internal audit work by external auditors, regardless of the internal audit organisation.
Mate quality affects offspring sex ratio in blue tits

Questions concerning the occurrence of adaptive sex ratio manipulation have a long research tradition in evolutionary biology, but evidence from birds is scarce. It has been suggested that birds are unable to adaptively determine the sex of their young because of the constraints of their sex determination systems. Here we report results from a study of variation in offspring sex ratio in the blue tit, Parus caeruleus, a small passerine bird. Our data suggest that females are able to manipulate their primary sex ratios away from the equal sex ratio predicted from simple chromosomal segregation at meiosis. Contrary to the situation in some other birds, offspring sex ratio variation in this species was not influenced by timing of breeding or brood size. We show that females mated to males with high survival prospects bias the hatching sex ratio of their broods in favour of sons. Although it has previously been proposed that females should produce an excess of sons when mated to high-quality males, our data provide the first evidence that the phenotypic quality of fathers contributes to the sex ratio variation in a natural population.
Detection of Azole Drug Resistance of the Aspergillus Species Cyp51a Gene by PCR

Background: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a hypersensitivity pulmonary disease occurring in individuals with asthma or cystic fibrosis. In these patients, it is characterized by transient pulmonary infiltrates, reversible airway obstruction, eosinophilia, and evidence of hypersensitivity to the Aspergillus fumigatus . The aim of this study was standardization of antifungal drug susceptibility testing genotypic methods. Materials and Methods: This prospective and experimental study was carried out at the Department of Microbiology and Central Research Laboratory, Mahatma Gandhi Mission Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, and gene sequencing was carried out at Eurofins Laboratory. A molecular method for standardization of drug sensitivity testing for azole drug was done using Cyp51A gene and mutation M220 and L98H. The American Type Culture Collection control strain of Aspergillus oryzae , Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus brasiliensis was obtained from Microbiologics Inc., USA. Results: Azole drug resistance by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) revealed 48/60 (80%), and azole drug resistance showed L98H and M220 genes in 32/60 (60%). Gene sequencing of Aspergillus species in patient samples revealed M220 and L98H mutation in cyp51A gene of Aspergillus Species. Conclusion: Azole drug resistance by PCR showed L98H and M220 in cyp51A gene. Gene sequencing showed similar resistance by PCR.
Toxicity of two ecdysone agonists, halofenozide and methoxyfenozide, against the multicoloured Asian lady beetle Harmonia axyridis (Col., Coccinellidae)

Abstract: The insecticidal activity of two ecdysone agonists, methoxyfenozide (RH‐2485) and halofenozide (RH‐0345), was tested against last‐instar larvae of the natural predator Harmonia axyridis (Col., Coccinellidae). In addition, the relative weight gain of the larvae after application was followed. Both products proved to be equally toxic at concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 mg/l. The ecdysteroidal activity of the compounds caused premature induction of larval moulting, cessation of feeding and incomplete pupation in affected larvae. Although, compared with previous results with methoxyfenozide and halofenozide in target pests such as the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, these compounds caused mortality only after application at relatively high concentrations.