Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Visual control of postural orientation and equilibrium in congenital nystagmus.

PURPOSE To investigate how humans with congenital nystagmus (CN) use visual information to stabilize and orient their bodies in space. METHODS Center of foot pressure (COP) and head displacements in the lateral plane were recorded using a sway platform and Schottky barrier photodetector, respectively. In experiment 1, a comparison was made of the oscillatory characteristics of body sway with eyes open compared with eyes closed. Experiment 2 studied the postural readjustments made in response to absolute or relative motion (motion parallax) of objects in the visual scene, generated by lateral displacement of background scenery. RESULTS Experiment 1 revealed that subjects with CN were not able to use visual information to stabilize COP but were able to stabilize the head at frequencies lower than 1 Hz. Experiment 2 showed that in response to the displacement of a visual display, for both absolute motion and motion parallax, subjects with CN reoriented their body in space in a manner similar to control subjects. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that despite involuntary eye movements, subjects with CN use orientation cues to control their posture, but not dynamic cues useful to control the rapid oscillations that are particularly important at the level of COP. These findings suggest that in CN, visual control of posture is restricted by low-frequency sampling of the visual scene.
Enablers and inhibitors of advanced information technologies adoption by SMEs: An empirical study of auto ancillaries in India

Purpose – The auto ancillary industry in India has witnessed huge capacity expansion and modernization due to entry of foreign automobile manufacturers in the post liberalization era. In spite of potential benefits, the adoption of advanced IT among small to medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) is low in India. There are several technological, economical and organizational factors that enable or inhibit the adoption of advanced IT. The primary objective of this research is to identify and evaluate the key factors that are enabling or inhibiting adoption of advanced IT in the Indian auto ancillary SMEs.Design/methodology/approach – In order to identify and evaluate the enablers and inhibitors, a detailed survey was carried out among registered Indian auto ancillary SMEs during 2010. Out of 584 registered SMEs, 110 owners/top managers of the SMEs responded to the survey. The data collected through the survey were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and multivariate regression to evaluate the influence of.
Cognitive Radio Trial Environment: First Live Authorized Shared Access-Based Spectrum-Sharing Demonstration

Cognitive radio system (CRS) technology can help respond to the growing mobile traffic demand by improving network resource usage and gaining access to new shared spectrum bands. This article presents a cognitive radio trial environment (CORE) consisting of cognitive engines (CEs) to control different radio systems [e.g., long-term evolution (LTE) and wireless open-access research platform (WARP)-based networks]. Load balancing and authorized shared access (ASA) are demonstrated using the trial environment with promising results. The ASA-based spectrum sharing trial is presented for the first time with a real-life mobile network accessing a shared spectrum band under a licensed shared access (LSA) regime. Cognitive decision making brings intelligence to the usage of the radio and network resources and, at best, increases considerably end users? quality of service (QoS) compared to the standard systems, as shown for QoS-based offloading.
Detecting Distributed Denial of Service Attacks Using Data Mining Techniques

Users and organizations find it continuously challenging to deal with distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. The security engineer works to keep a service available at all times by dealing with intruder attacks. The intrusion-detection system (IDS) is one of the solutions to detecting and classifying any anomalous behavior. The IDS system should always be updated with the latest intruder attack deterrents to preserve the confidentiality, integrity and availability of the service. In this paper, a new dataset is collected because there were no common data sets that contain modern DDoS attacks in different network layers, such as (SIDDoS, HTTP Flood). This work incorporates three well-known classification techniques: Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Naive Bayes and Random Forest. The experimental results show that MLP achieved the highest accuracy rate (98.63%).
Watching conformational dynamics of ABC transporters with single-molecule tools.

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters play crucial roles in cellular processes, such as nutrient uptake, drug resistance, cell-volume regulation and others. Despite their importance, all proposed molecular models for transport are based on indirect evidence, i.e. functional interpretation of static crystal structures and ensemble measurements of function and structure. Thus, classical biophysical and biochemical techniques do not readily visualize dynamic structural changes. We recently started to use single-molecule fluorescence techniques to study conformational states and changes of ABC transporters in vitro, in order to observe directly how the different steps during transport are coordinated. This review summarizes our scientific strategy and some of the key experimental advances that allowed the substrate-binding mechanism of prokaryotic ABC importers and the transport cycle to be explored. The conformational states and transitions of ABC-associated substrate-binding domains (SBDs) were visualized with single-molecule FRET, permitting a direct correlation of structural and kinetic information of SBDs. We also delineated the different steps of the transport cycle. Since information in such assays are restricted by proper labelling of proteins with fluorescent dyes, we present a simple approach to increase the amount of protein with FRET information based on non-specific interactions between a dye and the size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) column material used for final purification.
Relación entre la motivación y el rendimiento en estudiantes de lenguas modernas

En esta investigacion el objetivo principal fue analizar la relacion entre la motivacion y el rendimiento academico tomando como muestra 160 estudiantes universitarios de la mencion Idiomas Modernos de La Universidad del Zulia, durante el 1er periodo 2005. Los instrumentos utilizados para obtener los resultados fueron: en cuanto a motivacion el cuestionario basado en la escala nL de Mehrabian, version Salom (1983) adaptado al medio venezolano, readaptado por las investigadoras, y para el rendimiento se analizo el reporte de orden de inscripcion (MACUR) del periodo senalado. La investigacion fue de tipo descriptiva y en cuanto a los resultados se encontro que los encuestados tienen interes y sienten satisfaccion por el estudio de las Lenguas Extranjeras pues relacionando el nivel de rendimiento con la motivacion ambas variables presentan indices altos.
Host Plant Choice Experiments of Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Virginia

Abstract Field and laboratory-choice experiments were conducted to understand aspects of host plant orientation by the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), in Virginia. In laboratory bioassays, L. decemlineata oriented to volatiles emitted by potato, Solanum tuberosum L. , foliage over both tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum L. , and eggplant, Solanum melongena L. , foliage, and eggplant over tomato foliage, all of which had been mechanically damaged. Field choice tests revealed more L. decemlineata adults, larvae, and egg masses on eggplant than on tomato. In other experiments, counts of live L. decemlineata on untreated paired plants and counts of dead beetles on imidacloprid-treated plants did not differ between potato and eggplant. L. decemlineata was significantly attracted to eggplant over both tomato and pepper. To determine whether feeding adults affected orientation to host plants, an imidacloprid-treated eggplant or potato plant was paired with an untreated eggplant or potato plant covered in a mesh bag containing two adult male beetles. Significantly more adults were attracted to eggplant with feeding male beetles paired with another eggplant than any other treatment combination. These results indicate that the presence of male L. decemlineata on plants affects host plant orientation and suggests that the male-produced aggregation pheromone may be involved.
'FAS't inhibition of malaria.

Malaria, a tropical disease caused by Plasmodium sp. , has been haunting mankind for ages. Unsuccessful attempts to develop a vaccine, the emergence of resistance against the existing drugs and the increasing mortality rate all call for immediate strategies to treat it. Intense attempts are underway to develop potent analogues of the current antimalarials, as well as a search for novel drug targets in the parasite. The indispensability of apicoplast (plastid) to the survival of the parasite has attracted a lot of attention in the recent past. The present review describes the origin and the essentiality of this relict organelle to the parasite. We also show that among the apicoplast specific pathways, the fatty acid biosynthesis system is an attractive target, because its inhibition decimates the parasite swiftly unlike the 'delayed death' phenotype exhibited by the inhibition of the other apicoplast processes. As the enzymes of the fatty acid biosynthesis system are present as discrete entities, unlike those of the host, they are amenable to inhibition without impairing the operation of the host-specific pathway. The present review describes the role of these enzymes, the status of their molecular characterization and the current advancements in the area of developing inhibitors against each of the enzymes of the pathway.
Incomplete, Intrasubstance Strain Injuries of the Rectus Femoris Muscle

Rectus femoris muscle strain injuries commonly occur at the distal muscle-tendon junction of the quadriceps tendon. However, we have recently recognized a pat tern of strain injury that consists of an incomplete in trasubstance tear at the muscle-tendon junction formed by the deep tendon of the muscle's indirect head and those muscle fibers originating from this tendon. These injuries are found more proximally within the thigh than the "classic" distal rectus femoris muscle strain. We re viewed 10 athletes with these intrasubstance tears, all of whom had diagnostic imaging performed using com puted tomography or magnetic resonance imaging or both. Two of these patients required surgical interven tion. The mechanism of injury usually involved kicking or sprinting. All patients had chronic thigh pain or an anterior thigh mass or both. Physical examination re vealed thigh asymmetry and a nontender to mildly ten der intrasubstance muscle mass. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated abnormal signal intensity cen tered about the intramuscular tendon of the indirect head of the muscle. Surgical findings included a mass of fibrous scar and fatty tissue encasing the deep ten don. Surgical removal of this fibrous mass appears curative. We contrast this injury from distal strains of the rectus femoris muscle, as well as from soft tissue neoplasms.
Caveats to obtaining retinal topography with optical coherence tomography.

We read with great interest the article by Oh et al.1 on the assessment of retinal topography in myopic eyes using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). In their article, the investigators described different characteristics of retinal topography to indicate variations in ocular shape in myopia (such as a retina sloped nasally versus temporally). Like similar prior studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure posterior eye shape in myopia, we agree this work in retinal topography provides important insight into classifying and risk stratifying myopic eyes. However, we would like to highlight a misconception regarding the use of posterior segment SD-OCT images for absolute retinal topography measurements. In the Discussion section, it is stated that “The rainbow pseudo-colors in the topographic (RPE) layer image represent height from the coronal plane of the eye, with blue indicating low height and red indicating high height. ” In OCT, the reference plane is not the coronal plane or any plane within the eye. Instead, the reference plane is a reference delay path length in the OCT device itself.2 Axial distance (height) within an OCT image represents sample distances relative to that reference delay in optical path length. Therefore, because the reference is in the OCT device and not in the eye itself, how the eye is positioned relative to the OCT device affects the eye's appearance in the OCT image. For example, all three distinct subtypes of retinal sloping described in the article (nasal, middle, and temporal) can be produced from the same eye simply by moving the OCT scan beam position in the pupil slightly relative to the pupil center (see Figure). The same effect also would occur if, conversely, the subject's eye moved relative to the OCT device. Figure Creation of different retinal topography characteristics from the same myopic eye by displacement of the OCT scan beam position. The temporal (A), middle (B), and nasal (C) slope subtypes can be created from the same eye simply by slightly moving the . Further, OCT images of the posterior eye are distorted by scan geometry and optical artifacts as our group and others have described previously.3–5 The cumulative effect is that an OCT image of the posterior eye is not an exact spatial replica or digital “cast” of the eye itself. Hence, when using OCT to measure the absolute topography of the posterior eye, these imaging effects must be considered to separate them from actual topographic differences present in these myopic eyes.
Excitation-Contraction Coupling and Minor Triadic Proteins in Low-Frequency Fatigue

Low-frequency fatigue (LFF) is characterized by a proportionally greater loss of force at low compared with high activation frequencies and a prolonged recovery. Recent work suggests a calcium-induced uncoupling of excitation-contraction coupling underlies LFF. Here, newly characterized triadic proteins are described, and possible mechanisms by which they may contribute to LFF are suggested.
Nitrogen requirements in severely injured patients

The study was designed to evaluate nitrogen needs in severely injured patients during the first week after trauma. Thirty‐nine patients aged from 18 to 65 years with a burn or fractures of more than two long bones were studied. Energy requirements were given par enter ally as fat and glucose in isocaloric amounts. The patients were randomized into five groups receiving different amounts of nitrogen from zero to 0·3 g kg body‐weight−1 24 h−1. Daily and cumulative nitrogen balance, urinary 3‐methylhistidine excretion and nitrogen retention were calculated on days 2–8 after trauma. With no nitrogen, the mean(s.e.m.) daily nitrogen balance after the trauma was ‐13·8(0·5) gN. The balance improved markedly in groups with a nitrogen intake of up to 0·2 g kg body‐weight−1 (P<0·001) compared with the no‐nitrogen group. The 3‐methylhistidine excretion increased because of the trauma in all groups with no statistically significant difference between the groups. Nitrogen retention decreased with increase in nitrogen supply and with time after injury. It is suggested that a nitrogen supply of 0·20 kg body‐weight−1 24 h−1 is optimal for severely injured patients during the first week after trauma.
Asp804 and Asp808 in the Transmembrane Domain of the Na,K-ATPase α Subunit Are Cation Coordinating Residues*

The functional roles of Asp804 and Asp808, located in the sixth transmembrane segment of the Na,K-ATPase α subunit, were examined. Nonconservative replacement of these residues yielded enzymes unable to support cell viability. Only the conservative substitution, Ala808 → Glu, was able to maintain the essential cation gradients (Van Huysse, J. W., Kuntzweiler, T. A., and Lingrel, J. B (1996) FEBS Lett. 389, 179-185). Asp804 and Asp808 were replaced by Ala, Asn, and Glu in the sheep α1 subunit and expressed in a mouse cell line where [3H]ouabain binding was utilized to probe the exogenous proteins. All of the heterologous proteins were targeted into the plasma membrane, bound ouabain and nucleotides, and adopted E1Na, E1ATP, and E2P conformations. K+ competition of ouabain binding to sheep α1 and Asp808 → Glu enzymes displayed IC50 values of 4.11 mM (nHill = 1.4) and 23.8 mM (nHill = 1.6), respectively. All other substituted proteins lacked this K+-ouabain antagonism, e.g. 150 mM KCl did not inhibit ouabain binding. Na+ antagonized ouabain binding to all the expressed isoforms, however, the proteins carrying nonconservative substitutions displayed reduced Hill coefficients (nHill ≤ 2.0) compared to the control (nHill ≤ 2.8). Therefore, Asp804 and Asp808 of the Na,K-ATPase are required for normal Na+ and K+ transport, possibly coordinating these cations during transport.
Regional Differences in the Ontogeny of the Serotonergic Projection to the Cerebral Cortex

We used light and electron microscope immunocytochemistry to compare the development of the pattern of innervation and synaptic organization of the serotonin (5-HT) afferent system in sensory (visual and somatosensory) and motor areas of the rat cerebral cortex. Serotonin-labeled fibers were present in all cortical areas at birth appearing as two tangential streams, one above and one below the cortical plate. These fibers gradually arborized sending branches into all cortical layers in an "inside-out" sequence that broadly paralleled the gradient of neurogenesis and differentiation in the cortex. A striking feature at the early stages of postnatal development of the visual and somatosensory cortex was the transient presence of a dense accumulation of 5-HT fibers in layer IV. In agreement with earlier reports, transient aggregations of serotonergic axons characterized sensory but not motor areas of the cortex. The innervation pattern characteristic of the adult cortex was attained by the end of the 3rd postnatal week. Electron microscopic analysis of the developing visual cortex showed that 5-HT-containing axonal varicosities formed synaptic contacts, predominantly of the asymmetrical variety, throughout postnatal life. The proportion of varicosities forming synapses increased gradually from birth to reach a peak at the end of the 2nd week, then declined markedly in the subsequent week before rising again at later stages. It appears that the formation of exuberant synapses by 5-HT axons coincides with the period of maturation of the neuronal circuitry of this cortical area. When quantitative analysis was restricted only to layer IV, the proportion of varicosities forming synapses reached a peak at the end of the 1st week of life, when transient innervation was most prominent in this layer. These results suggest that the effects of this dense band of serotonergic axons may be mediated through axodendritic synapses. The types of postsynaptic elements involved in the formation of synapses varied according to age, suggesting progressive morphological differentiation of cortical target neurons or, alternatively, a continuous process of removal and establishment of new connections by 5-HT axons in the visual cortex. In contrast, analysis in the motor cortex revealed a continuous increase in the proportion of 5-HT varicosities engaged in synaptic contacts from birth to the late sages of development. The results presented here provide anatomical evidence for a differential role of 5-HT in the maturation of the cerebral cortex.
The medical home experience among children with sickle cell disease

While a large body of research documents acute care services for children with sickle cell disease (SCD), little is known about the primary care experiences of this population. The goal of this study was to determine to what extent children with SCD experienced care consistent with a patient‐centered medical home (PCMH).
A FORMAÇÃO DA AGENDA DA POLÍTICA PÚBLICA DE INFRAESTRUTURA NO BRASIL

Este artigo analisa o “como” e o “porque” a politica publica de infraestrutura entrou naagenda governamental e como ela se articulou com as orientacoes centrais dos mandatos. A narrativaanalitica e usada como recurso metodologico para fazer a contextualizacao politico-institucional doseventos dos diferentes processos do modelo teorico dos fluxos multiplos. A conclusao e que a amplitudedas decisoes para a implementacao dessa politica esta correlacionada com a disposicao de os governospromoverem medidas compativeis com as doutrinas hegemonicas nos mandatos.Palavras-chave: Programa de Aceleracao do Crescimento (PAC); Infraestrutura; Investimentos.
Is it enough scintigraphy for everyone? A cross-sectional analysis regarding the impact of justice in the distribution of health care resources.

AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of three demographic criteria: gender, age and education level on the patients that perform a scintigraphy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cross-sectional study was applied to 220 patients to whom it was prescribed a scintigraphy by their treating physician. Of these, 74 were men and 145 women, 10 children and 210 adults. According to their education, 88 people did not graduate a high school, a total of 56 people graduated a high school, 27 persons graduated a college, 22 people had a university diploma and 26 people a PhD title. The chi-square test was used to analyze the frequencies for the measurable variables on a nominal scale. The significance threshold is considered to be 0.05, so, only the values which are smaller were taken into consideration. We presented and analyzed only the data that fulfill this condition. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION From our study it has been found that gender criterion played an important role in performing a scintigraphy for the first time. 71.6% of male patients were undergoing a scintigraphy for the first time. The frequency of exploration by scintigraphy is increasing if you are a female patient than if you are a male patient: chi-square calculated value is chi2 (3)=12.398, p=0.006. From our study it has been found that age item plays an important role in the scintigraphy investigations for all the patients. The first scintigraphy was significantly performed in the 40-50 years old gap, whilst for the patients being aged over 60; they were probably not performing a first time scintigraphy. We did not find significant statistical differences in respect of the education level. CONCLUSIONS So, we can conclude that access to that medical investigation is not depending on the socioeconomic status of the patient, but in some occasions, the number and the frequency distribution of performing a scintigraphy depend on gender and age. We can also conclude that the principle of egalitarianism is fulfilled and so the justice principle in the distribution of health care resources must be reevaluated.