Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Analysis of crop losses in tomato due to Pratylenchus penetrans.

The effects of Pratylenchus penetrans upon yields of 'Veebrite' tomato were studied at initial soil population densities (P(i)) of 360, 2,010, 4,580, and 14,360 nematodes/kg of soil in 20-cm (i.d.) clay-tile microplots. The lowest P(i) appeared to stimulate fruit production. Higher P(i)'s suppressed fruit production (total weight of marketable tomatoes and numbers of intermediate- and large-sized fruits), in comparison to control yields, the highest P(i) resulted in 38% fewer fruits which weighed 44% less. These losses were at least partly due to a delay in fruit ripening, caused by the nematodes, which did not become apparent until the fourth week. Nematode populations in the soil increased at all but the highest P(i); final populations were around 7,000/kg of soil. Nematode populations in roots ranged from 230-590/gm of root at the completion of the experiment. Nematode control by fumigation would definitely be warranted at soil population densities of 2,000/kg or higher; with 500-2,000/kg, the decision to fumigate would depend on soil type and economic and hiological factors.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN PADA PERUSAHAAN NON KEUANGAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

The purpose of this study is to examine the factors that influence dividend policy. These factors are liquidity, profitability, debt policy, firm size, company growth, institutional ownership, free cash flow, and investment opportunity set. Population of this research are non financial companies listed on Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2010 until 2015. The samples are collected using purposive sampling method and there are 74 companies meet those criteria for samples. This research use multiple regression method for data analysis. The result of this research indicate that liquidity, profitability, firm size, company growth, and institutional ownership have influence to dividend policy. While debt policy, free cash flow, and investment opportunity set do not have influence to dividend policy.Keywords: Divi
Repository-based learning and training in Ophthalmology

Repository-based learning is a constructivist learning and training approach well adapted to professionals that want to continuously update their knowledge. The development of repositories with scientific quality and easy to be used requires a large investment, they are not yet so common in most scientific areas. Nevertheless, medicine exhibits already a big potential for this kind of self-training, or personal based learning (PBL). This paper introduces the Atlas RL-EYE, a repository of clinical cases, images, videos and related information in the area of Ophthalmology. For a given clinical case, the repository stores different instants with their diagnostic grounding. Surgical videos are presented when relevant. The repository contains also stereoscopic full HD 3D videos. A small script, intended not to be exhaustive but concise, accompanies each retinal pathology.
15-epi-lipoxin A4 inhibits myeloperoxidase signaling and enhances resolution of acute lung injury.

RATIONALE Apoptosis is essential for removal of neutrophils from inflamed tissues and efficient resolution of inflammation. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), abundantly expressed in neutrophils, not only generates cytotoxic oxidants but also signals through the beta(2) integrin Mac-1 to rescue neutrophils from constitutive apoptosis, thereby prolonging inflammation. OBJECTIVES Because aspirin-triggered 15-epi-lipoxin A(4) (15-epi-LXA(4)) modulates Mac-1 expression, we investigated the impact of 15-epi-LXA(4) on MPO suppression of neutrophil apoptosis and MPO-mediated neutrophil-dependent acute lung injury. METHODS Human neutrophils were cultured with MPO with or without 15-epi-LXA(4) to investigate development of apoptosis. Acute lung injury was produced by intratracheal injection of carrageenan plus MPO or intraperitoneal injection of live Escherichia coli in mice, and the animals were treated with 15-epi-LXA(4) at the peak of inflammation. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS 15-Epi-LXA(4) through down-regulation of Mac-1 expression promoted apoptosis of human neutrophils by attenuating MPO-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Akt-mediated phosphorylation of Bad and by reducing expression of the antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1, thereby aggravating mitochondrial dysfunction. The proapoptotic effect of 15-epi-LXA(4) was dominant over MPO-mediated effects even when it was added at 4 hours post MPO. In mice, treatment with 15-epi-LXA(4) accelerated the resolution of established carrageenan plus MPO-evoked as well as E. coli-induced neutrophil-dependent pulmonary inflammation through redirecting neutrophils to caspase-mediated cell death and facilitating their removal by macrophages. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that aspirin-triggered 15-epi-LXA(4) enhances resolution of inflammation by overriding the powerful antiapoptosis signal from MPO, thereby demonstrating a hitherto unrecognized mechanism by which aspirin promotes resolution of inflammation.
Neuroscience and crime

Jurisprudence will profit considerably from methods and applications of the neurosciences. In fact, it is proposed that the neurosciences will provide unique possibilities and advantages in understanding motivations and causes for staying lawful or for becoming unlawful. Neuroscientific models on brain–behavior interactions have profited considerably from the advent of neuroimaging techniques and genetic analyses. Furthermore, advances in interdisciplinary investigations, which combine conventional psychological and sociological explorations with biological examinations, provide refined insights into the question ‘What makes us tick? ’ (Weiskrantz, 1973, British Journal of Psychology, 64, 511–520). The search for such interactions from the time of the nineteenth century to the present is briefly surveyed and it is concluded that the interdisciplinary approaches within and across neuroscientific fields will lead and have already led to a considerable expansion of our knowledge. The articles in this issue devoted to highlighting the latest neuroscience research related to criminal behavior underline the power of this new approach.
Downward but Stable Trend in the Abundance of Arribada Olive Ridley Sea Turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) at Nancite Beach, Costa Rica (1971–2007)

Abstract Although the olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) is the most abundant sea turtle in the world, the species has exhibited a significant decrease in the size of arribadas at Nancite Beach, Costa Rica, since its discovery in 1970. In the present study, we compiled data on number of nesting females per arribada from previous authors for the period 1971–1997 and collected new data using a total count methodology and a strip transect method for the arribadas during 1999–2007. We used generalized additive models to assess the trend of arribada size for the period 1971–2007. Our data indicate a significant reduction of 42%, 84%, and 90% in the number of nesting females per arribada in the periods 1971–1984, 1971–1992, and 1971–2007, respectively. Although we could not determine the specific reasons for this attrition we speculate that this decline may be driven by embryo-associated mortality due to a poor nest microenvironment in this beach. Our data confirm that the Nancite arribada population has undergone a significant decrease over the past 36 years but that the population currently appears to be at a stable low point. In addition, our data show that hatchling production may be increasing at this beach, which suggests the possibility that this population may recover over a few decades. The significant attrition observed in this study underscores the ephemeral nature of arribada populations in general and the need for the continued monitoring of the Nancite population.
Histopathological image analysis for centroblasts classification through dimensionality reduction approaches

We present two novel automated image analysis methods to differentiate centroblast (CB) cells from noncentroblast (non‐CB) cells in digital images of H&E‐stained tissues of follicular lymphoma. CB cells are often confused by similar looking cells within the tissue, therefore a system to help their classification is necessary. Our methods extract the discriminatory features of cells by approximating the intrinsic dimensionality from the subspace spanned by CB and non‐CB cells. In the first method, discriminatory features are approximated with the help of singular value decomposition (SVD), whereas in the second method they are extracted using Laplacian Eigenmaps. Five hundred high‐power field images were extracted from 17 slides, which are then used to compose a database of 213 CB and 234 non‐CB region of interest images. The recall, precision, and overall accuracy rates of the developed methods were measured and compared with existing classification methods. Moreover, the reproducibility of both classification methods was also examined. The average values of the overall accuracy were 99.22% ± 0.75% and 99.07% ± 1.53% for COB and CLEM, respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that both proposed methods provide better classification accuracy of CB/non‐CB in comparison with the state of the art methods. © 2013 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Factors Affecting the Efficiency of the BRICSs' National Innovation Systems: A Comparative Study Based on Dea and Panel Data Analysis

Efficiency scores of the National Innovation System (NIS) for 22 countries, including the BRICS, G7, are calculated with the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Relevant factors that may affect the innovation system efficiency are summarized based on the NIS Approach and the New Growth Theory. Empirical study is further made with the Panel Data Analysis (PDA) and the Principal Component Analysis. The results of efficiency calculation and empirical test show that: (1) The BRICS differ greatly in the efficiency of NIS, with China, India and Russia ranking fairly high, and Brazil, South Africa among the few bottom; (2) The influencing factors involve a lot of elements, including the ICT infrastructure, enterprise RD (3) Enterprises innovation activities are of key importance to the NIS. To improve the efficiency of the innovation system, efforts should be made to improve the market circumstance, governance, and financial structure, and create a sound environment for innovation. (4) ICT infrastructure, economic scale and openness affect the diffusion of knowledge and technology, and in turn the NIS efficiency. (5) The BRICS have characters of low governance level and high natural resources dependency in common, which is determined by their developing stage and extensive growth pattern. To avoid the so called middle-income trap in the coming future, the BRICS should dedicate to transform the factor-driven pattern to an innovation-driven one. As for China, there is still much to be improved in the fields of ICT infrastructure, government governance, education system. During the 12th Planning, more efforts should be put into these fields and make better external conditions for innovation activities.
COUPLING OF ION FLOWS IN CELL SUSPENSION SYSTEMS *

A valid test for cotransport between solutes is a demonstration that the degree of coupling between all coupled solute flows concerned, q defined in terms of Irreversible Thermodynamics, is sufficiently close to unity. The usual method to determine q kinetically by pulses and responses of flows can not simply be applied to rheogenic ion flows, as electrical potential difference changes due to the pulses can hardly be avoided. If, however, the ion flows are all electrically silent, changes in electrical potential difference (PD.) should not interfere with the determination of q. This holds for the furosemide-sensitive fluxes of Na+, K+, and Cl- in Ehrlich cells, each of which could be shown to be unaffected by a change in electrical PD and vice versa. Hence the q values could be determined for any pair of the three ion flows concerned and none differed significantly from unity. These results appear to indicate a furosemide-sensitive, electrically silent ternary symport mechanism for Na+, K+, Cl- with the stoichiometry 1:1:2, which is active but does not utilize ATP. It is assumed to function as a very efficient regulator of cellular volume and may be identical with other previously described binary symport systems.
Continuous Particle Separation Through Deterministic Lateral Displacement

We report on a microfluidic particle-separation device that makes use of the asymmetric bifurcation of laminar flow around obstacles. A particle chooses its path deterministically on the basis of its size. All particles of a given size follow equivalent migration paths, leading to high resolution. The microspheres of 0.8, 0.9, and 1.0 micrometers that were used to characterize the device were sorted in 40seconds with a resolution of ∼10nanometers, which was better than the time and resolution of conventional flow techniques. Bacterial artificial chromosomes could be separated in 10 minutes with a resolution of ∼12%.
The Economic Impact of public private partnerships (PPPs) in Infrastructure, Health and Education: A Review

This paper summarizes what is known about the impact of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in infrastructure (energy, transport, water and sanitation, and telecommunications), education, and health. It reviews evaluations of the effectiveness of PPPs and, whenever possible, the implications for coverage and affordability. For infrastructure, there is some evidence of PPPs leading to gains in labor productivity, as most transitions to private participation have entailed significant labor downsizing, but only mixed support for improvements in total factor productivity or quality, coverage, and affordability. Selection issues plague most available studies, calling for caution when considering the conclusions. For education, micro-level studies shows that PPPs have the potential to increase enrollment and respond to a growing demand for education, but that their impact on educational outcomes appears to depend greatly on the institutional details and the scale of the programs considered. Finally, PPPs appear to be likely to increase socio-economic and ethnic segregation in education systems. Finally, there is inconclusive evidence of an impact of PPPs on health service utilization, the quality of services, patient satisfaction and health-related outcomes. The review points to the need to identify the reasons for service under-utilization, such as lack of information on the side of users, poor quality of services, before implementing interventions, and to combine demand- and supply-side policies if needed. Overall, more work appears to be due to rigorously evaluate the impact of PPPs, especially regarding infrastructure and health.
A fuzzy ontology strategy for multimedia data management

Providing users with easy access to interesting information is one important goal of information retrieval. However, traditional information retrieval techniques are not suitable for ecological database queries since users are unable to clearly describe the target features. To overcome the problem, an information retrieval system running on handheld devices allowing users to issue queries according to their perceptions or impressions of the target bird is proposed. Six visual features allow users to express their visual perception of a bird and the query will be formulated based on the chosen features. Texture descriptions are also used when searching for the target in the bird database. A bird-information ontology based on the biodiversity is exploited to extend the search space. The methodology is illustrated in this paper. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the strategy and its applicability in other domains.
Trace elements in Thunnus thynnus from Mediterranean Sea and benefit–risk assessment for consumers

Trace elemental levels were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry in muscle, eggs and sperm of 23 Thunnus thynnus fishes collected from May to August 2013 in the Mediterranean Sea. Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, Cr, Ni and Se content was compared with Recommended Daily Allowances. Cd, Hg and Pb concentrations were below the maximum limits fixed by the European Legislation. Tuna food safety was evaluated considering Tolerable Weekly Intake (TWI) or Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake for As, Hg, Cd and Pb. Only BMDL01 data for As and Pb were calculated as established by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committed on Food Additives. The daily consumption of fresh tuna ensures a good intake of these elements. None of the tested samples surpassed the European maximum limits. Cd, Hg and Pb remained within safety margins, while As is slightly higher than the provisional TWI.
Fitting hearing aids using clinical measures of loudness discomfort levels: an evidence-based review of effectiveness.

Clinical measurement of the loudness discomfort level (LDL) historically has been part of the hearing aid fitting procedure, and this clinical practice remains popular today. LDL measurements also are recommended in contemporary hearing aid fitting protocols. Yet, surveys show that many hearing aid users are dissatisfied with the loudness of their hearing aids. In this evidence-based review article, we evaluate the effectiveness of clinical LDL measurements. Specifically, we asked the question "Are the clinical measurements of LDL for adult patients predictive of aided acceptance and satisfaction of loudness for high inputs in the real world? " Nearly 200 articles were reviewed; three met the criteria set forth in this review. The evidence supported using unaided LDLs for selecting the maximum real-ear output of hearing aids. No study using aided LDLs or aided loudness verification met the criteria. The level of the evidence for the three articles using unaided LDLs was low; no higher than Level 4. The limited number of studies, the level of evidence, and the statistical power of the studies prevents us from making a strong recommendation concerning the clinical use of LDL measures. Additional research in this area, especially research employing randomized controlled trials would be a useful addition to this body of literature.
Does longer duration of breastfeeding prevent childhood asthma in low-income families?

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the relationship of breastfeeding duration with childhood asthma among low-income families in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: Mothers/caregivers of 200 children with asthma and an equal number of children without asthma were interviewed about breastfeeding duration. Based on the responses, 6 different binary variables were constructed: breastfeeding 3 months or less, 6 months or less, 9 months or less, 12 months or less, 18 months or less, and 24 months or less. Asthma status of the child was determined by clinical examination by a primary care physician. Data was analyzed using multiple logistic regression method, adjusted for age and sex of the child, household income, parental ethnicity, number of older siblings, family history of asthma or hay fever, presence of mold, parental smoking, number of people in the household, and body mass index of the child. Results: The average duration of breastfeeding was 21.4 months (SD = 7.33 months). Breastfeeding for at least 24 months was associated with increased odds of asthma (aOR = 1.77, 95%CI: 0.99, 3.16). Whereas breastfeeding for 12 months or less, and to some extent 18 months or less, was protective against childhood asthma. There was some evidence this protective effect may be delayed in children with a family history of asthma or hay fever. Conclusions: This study found breastfeeding for 12 months or less may have a protective effect against asthma. The protective effect weans down after 18 months, and if continued 24 months or more may place the child at-risk of asthma.
ON BIMOLECULAR LAYERS OF LIPOIDS ON THE CHROMOCYTES OF THE BLOOD

We have examined the blood of man and of the rabbit, dog, guinea pig, sheep, and goat. There exists a great difference in the size of the red blood cells of these animals, but the total surfaces of the chromocytes See PDF for Structure from 0.1 cc. blood do not show a similarly great divergence, because animals having very small cells (goat and sheep) have much greater quantities of these cells in their blood than animals with blood cells of larger dimensions (dog and rabbit). We give all the results of our experiments, omitting only those in which we were unable to avoid losses in the procedure of evaporation of the acetone. It is clear that all our results fit in well with the supposition that the chromocytes are covered by a layer of fatty substances that is two molecules thick.
Characterization of the Peptide-Binding Specificity of Mamu-B*17 and Identification of Mamu-B*17-Restricted Epitopes Derived from Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Proteins1

The SIV-infected rhesus macaque is an excellent model to examine candidate AIDS virus vaccines. These vaccines should elicit strong CD8+ responses. Previous definition of the peptide-binding motif and optimal peptides for Mamu-A*01 has created a demand for Mamu-A*01-positive animals. We have now studied a second MHC class I molecule, Mamu-B*17, that is present in 12% of captive-bred Indian rhesus macaques. The peptide-binding specificity of the Mamu-B*17 molecule was characterized using single substitution analogs of two Mamu-B*17-binding peptides and libraries of naturally occurring sequences of viral or bacterial origin. Mamu-B*17 uses position 2 and the C terminus of its peptide ligands as dominant anchor residues. The C terminus was found to have a very narrow specificity for the bulky aromatic residue W, with other aromatic residues (F and Y) being only occasionally tolerated. Position 2 is associated with a broad chemical specificity, readily accommodating basic (H and R), bulky hydrophobic (F and M), and small aliphatic (A) residues. Using this motif, we identified 50 peptides derived from SIVmac239 that bound Mamu-B*17 with an affinity of 500 nM or better. ELISPOT and intracellular cytokine-staining assays showed that 16 of these peptides were antigenic. We have, therefore, doubled the number of MHC class I molecules for which SIV-derived binding peptides have been characterized. This allows for the quantitation of immune responses through tetramers and analysis of CD8+ function by intracellular cytokine-staining assays and ELISPOT. Furthermore, it is an important step toward the design of a multiepitope vaccine for SIV and HIV.