Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reproduction in Turkey Hens as Influenced by Prebreeder and Breeder Protein Intake and the Environment

Abstract June hatched female turkeys of an egg laying strain were subjected to two protein levels, either 15.6 or 18.5% protein, and two environmental regimes, either a natural day (El) or a 6-hr. day of 5.4 lx. (E2) in a 2 × 2 factorial design during the prebreeder period of 20 to 32 weeks. Birds of each treatment were randomized into four breeder treatments when lit at 32 weeks. Breeder performance traits were compared where hens were fed either 35 or 50 g. of protein per hen per day on either a 12-hr. day with 53.8 lx. (E4) or a minimum 14-hr. day with a minimum intensity of 150 lx. (E3). Prebreeder treatment significantly influenced body weight at lighting where hens reared on 15.6% protein and a 6-hr. day were the lightest while those on the 18.5% protein and a natural day were the heaviest. However, by week 35 these differences had disappeared. Performance traits of age at first egg, egg production, hatchability, broodiness, and egg weight were not affected by the nutritional regimes studied during either the prebreeder or breeder phase. Significant environmental influences existed for age at first egg, egg production, broodiness, hatchability, and body weight. The E2/E4 regime significantly increased the age at first egg over the other three environmental combinations. Egg production was significantly reduced by the E2/E4 treatment when compared to E1/E4 and E2/E3. Broodiness was adversely affected by both the E4 and the E2/E4 regimes. Hatchability was significantly higher with the E4 environment when compared to E3. In the last weeks of the 26 week production period, hens on the E3 regime were heavier than those on the E4.
ADME and toxicity considerations for tramadol: from basic research to clinical implications

ABSTRACT Introduction Tramadol is widely being used in chronic pain management for improving patients’ life quality and reducing trauma. Although it is listed in several medicinal guidelines, its use is controversial because of the conflicting results obtained in pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies. This multi-receptor drug acts as µ1 opioid receptor agonist, monoamine reuptake inhibitor, and inhibitor of ligand-gated ion channels and some special protein-coupled receptors. Areas covered This review provides a comprehensive view on the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and toxicity of tramadol with a deep look on its side effects, biochemical and pathological changes, and possible drug interactions. In addition, the main ways of tramadol poisoning management describe according to in vivo and clinical trial studies. Expert opinion Given the broad spectrum of targets, increasing the cases of overdoses and toxicity, and probable drugs interaction, it is necessary to take another look at the pharmacology of tramadol. Regarding the adverse effects of tramadol on different tissues, especially the nervous system and liver tissue, more attentions to tramadol metabolites, their interaction with other drugs, and active agents seem critical. Seizure as the most cited effect of tramadol and its destructive effects on tissues would alleviate by co-administration with drugs with antioxidant properties.
Multi-Fetal Pregnancy, Preeclampsia, and Long-Term Cardiovascular Disease

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. This Swedish register-based cohort study determined the separate and joint contribution of preeclampsia and multi-fetal pregnancy on a woman’s risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) later in life. The study included 892 425 first deliveries between 1973 and 2010 of women born 1950 until 1971, identified in the Swedish Medical Birth Register. A composite outcome of CVD was retrieved through linkage with the National Patient and Cause of Death Registers. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to assess the risk of CVD in women who had preeclampsia in a singleton or multi-fetal pregnancy, adjusting for potential confounders, and presented as adjusted hazard ratios. Compared with women who had a singleton pregnancy without preeclampsia (the referent group), women with preeclampsia in a singleton pregnancy had an increased risk of CVD (adjusted hazard ratio 1.75 [95% CI, 1.64–1.86]). Women who had a multi-fetal pregnancy without or with preeclampsia did not have an increased risk of future CVD (adjusted hazard ratios 0.94 [95% CI, 0.79–1.10] and 1.25 [95% CI, 0.83–1.86], respectively). As opposed to preeclampsia in a first singleton pregnancy, preeclampsia in a first multi-fetal pregnancy was not associated with increased risk of future CVD. This may support the theory that preeclampsia in multi-fetal pregnancies more often occurs as a result of the larger pregnancy-related burden on the maternal cardiovascular system and excessive placenta-shed inflammatory factors, rather than the woman’s underlying cardiovascular phenotype.
PERSPECTIVE: REPRESSION OF COMPETITION AND THE EVOLUTION OF COOPERATION

Abstract Repression of competition within groups joins kin selection as the second major force in the history of life shaping the evolution of cooperation. When opportunities for competition against neighbors are limited within groups, individuals can increase their own success only by enhancing the efficiency and productivity of their group. Thus, characters that repress competition within groups promote cooperation and enhance group success. Leigh first expressed this idea in the context of fair meiosis, in which each chromosome has an equal chance of transmission via gametes. Randomized success means that each part of the genome can increase its own success only by enhancing the total number of progeny and thus increasing the success of the group. Alexander used this insight about repression of competition in fair meiosis to develop his theories for the evolution of human sociality. Alexander argued that human social structures spread when they repress competition within groups and promote successful group-against-group competition. Buss introduced a new example with his suggestion that metazoan success depended on repression of competition between cellular lineages. Maynard Smith synthesized different lines of thought on repression of competition. In this paper, I develop simple mathematical models to illustrate the main processes by which repression of competition evolves. With the concepts made clear, I then explain the history of the idea. I finish by summarizing many new developments in this subject and the most promising lines for future study.
A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma is easy to be missed because of its small focus, concealed incidence and lack of clinical features. Ultrasound examination is one of the main methods for the detection and diagnosis of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. The detection rate of conventional ultrasound is not ideal. Combined ultrasound elastography can improve the detection rate, but there is lack of evidence-based evidence. The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the value of conventional ultrasound combined with ultrasound elastography in the diagnosis of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Methods: A systematic search was performed by retrieving on English databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library) and Chinese databases (CNKI, Wanfang, Weipu (VIP), CBM). The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the database to November 2020 and manually search for the conventional ultrasound combined with ultrasound elastography in the diagnosis of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Two researchers extracted and evaluated the quality of the data in the included study independently. A meta-analysis was performed using Meta Disc1.4 and RevMan5.3 software. Conclusions: This study will evaluate the accuracy and practicability of conventional ultrasound combined with ultrasonic elastography in the diagnosis of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma, and provide evidence-based basis for clinicians to choose the appropriate or best diagnostic method. Ethics and dissemination: The private information from individuals will not be published. This systematic review also will not involve endangering participant rights. Ethical approval is not required. OSF Registration number: DOI: 10.17605 / OSF.IO / V6HK7. Abbreviations: +LR = positive likelihood ratio, AUC = area under curve, DOR = diagnostic odds ratio, -LR = negative likelihood ratio, PRISMA-P = preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses protocols, PTMC = papillary thyroid microcarcinoma, SEN = sensitivity, SPE = specificity, SROC = summery receiver operating characteristic curve, UE = ultrasonic elastography.
Effect of seawater temperature on reproductive seasonality and fecundity of Pseudoplexaura porosa (Cnidaria: Octocorallia): latitudinal variation in Caribbean gorgonian reproduction

The majority of tagged colonies of Pseudoplexaura porosa in Bermuda were reproductive over 2 months in the summer. They spawned 5–8 d after the full moon, with a peak on the sixth day, similar to colonies in Panama. The months of spawning were August and September in 1998, but July and August in 1999 and 2000. This temporal difference between the months of spawning corresponded to inter-annual variations in seawater temperature profiles. Initial gamete development each year occurred only when the daily mean seawater temperature during the month before spawning exceeded 27°C. There was a significant positive relationship between reproductive effort (gamete volume) of colonies and rising seawater temperature in the month preceding spawning; this was true for both the initial and the second spawning months. The end of the reproductive season each year was triggered by the decline in seawater temperature past the summer maximum. The duration of the reproductive season of conspecifics at the central Caribbean reef of Panama is 2 months longer than in Bermuda. This can be explained by the smaller annual temperature range at the lower latitude and the earlier onset of temperatures favorable for gamete development. Fecundity estimates for members of P. porosa (mean oocyte and spermary densities) in Bermuda were lower than for conspecifics in Panama. The shorter reproductive season in Bermuda, in addition to the lower fecundity of colonies, indicates that reproduction in P. porosa is compromised at this high latitude reef.
Development and Assessment of Novel Lung Ultrasound Interpretation Criteria for the Detection of Interstitial Lung Disease in Systemic Sclerosis

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a frequent complication of systemic sclerosis (SSc), and ILD screening, characterization, and monitoring are important for therapeutic decision‐making and prognostication. Lung ultrasonography (US) is a potential alternative imaging modality for ILD detection. In this study, our objective was to develop and test a novel lung US examination technique and interpretation criteria for detecting SSc‐ILD.
Reflecting on and managing the emotional impact of prosthetic joint infections on orthopaedic surgeons-a qualitative study.

AIMS To investigate the experience and emotional impact of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) on orthopaedic surgeons and identify holistic strategies to improve the management of PJI and protect surgeons' wellbeing. METHODS In total, 18 prosthetic joint surgeons in Sweden were recruited using a purposive sampling strategy. Content analysis was performed on transcripts of individual in-person interviews conducted between December 2017 and February 2018. RESULTS PJI had a negative emotional impact on Swedish surgeons. Many felt guilt, stress, and a sense of failure, and several aspects of PJI management were associated with psychosocial challenges. Peer support was reported as the most important coping strategy as was collaborating with infectious disease specialists. CONCLUSION Our study affirms that there is a negative emotional impact of PJI on surgeons which can be minimized by improved peer support and working in multidisciplinary teams. Based on the surgeons' experiences we have identified desired improvements that may facilitate the management of PJI. These may also be applicable within other surgical specialties dealing with postoperative infections, but need to be evaluated for their efficacy. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(6):736-743.
The trophi of Bdelloidea (Rotifera) : a comparative study across the class

The fine morphology of the trophi of bdelloid rotifers was investigated using scanning electron microscopy to provide a detailed description of the structure and to assess its variability within the class. Twelve genera of the four families of Bdelloidea were considered. All trophi studied fit the ramate type typical of bdelloids, and comprise three paired elements: rami, unci (with three groups of teeth: a proximal group of minor teeth, a median group of major teeth with a pore, and a distal group of minor teeth), and manubria. The morphology of the trophi in Adinetida and Philodinida is fairly homogeneous. The trophi of Philodinavida differ in position, orientation, and structure: the proximal group of minor uncus teeth is reduced and the ramus apophysis is more developed. In contrast to the trophi of Flosculariacea, small differences in the number of uncus teeth appear to be taxonomically irrelevant in Bdelloidea. The following features of the trophi are recognized as synapomorphies for the Bdelloidea:.
Multidisciplinary personalized approach in the management of vulvar cancer – the Vul.Can Team experience

Introduction Multidisciplinary treatment strategy involving adjuvant radiotherapy for advanced vulvar cancer could be useful in offering the best personalized clinical approach. In 2013, the VULvar CANcer Multi-Disciplinary Team (Vul.Can MDT) was set up in our institution, in order to share knowledge and expertise, high-quality diagnosis, and evidence-based decision making in the context of personalized medicine. The aim of this observational study was to report on our series of vulvar cancer patients managed postoperatively with radiotherapy within the framework of a formal multidisciplinary tumor board. Methods Coupling surgical and oncological international guidelines with “case-by-case” discussions, a multi-specialist consensus was progressively reached and internal recommendations were developed and introduced in the daily routine. Data from vulvar cancer patients who underwent primary surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy throughout a 5-year period were retrospectively collected. Actuarial local control was the primary endpoint, while secondary end-points were acute and late toxicities, disease-free survival, and overall survival. Toxicity was evaluated according to the Common Toxicity Criteria Adverse Event v 4.0 scale. Results The analysis included 35 patients with squamous vulvar cancer treated with adjuvant radiotherapy±chemotherapy, from April 2013 to September 2017. Median age was 70 years (range 18–87), all patients underwent surgery followed by concomitant chemoradiation (45.7%) or radiotherapy alone (54.3%). The median prophylactic dose on lymphatic drainage was 45 Gy, while positive nodes and perineal area received 51.2 Gy and 52.6 Gy, respectively. Chemotherapy involved the cisplatin-based regimen (45.7%)±5-fluorouracil (37.1%). Median follow-up was 32 months (range 6–72): the 24-months local control, disease-free survival, and actuarial overall survival rates were 88.6%, 82.0%, and 91.0%, respectively. Low rates of severe acute (12%) and late (3%) toxicities occurred. Discussion The outcomes of this series support the benefit of a multidisciplinary personalized approach in the management of vulvar cancer.
Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) as pharmacological treatment for muscle wasting in ongoing clinical trials

ABSTRACT Introduction Skeletal muscle wasting is a frequent clinical problem encountered in patients with chronic diseases. Increased levels of inflammatory markers play a role in the imbalance between muscle protein synthesis and degradation. Although testosterone has long been proposed as a treatment for patients with muscle wasting, undesirable side effects have raised concerns about prostatic hypertrophy in men as well as virilization in women. Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) have demonstrated similar results like testosterone at improving lean body mass (LBM) with less side effects on androgen-dependent tissue. Areas covered This review outlines the ongoing clinical development in the field of SARMs and their effectiveness in improving body composition and physical function. The included articles were collected at pubmed.gov and analyzed integrally. Expert opinion There is an unmet clinical need for safe and effective anabolic compounds such as SARMs. Despite the effect on LBM shown by SARMs in phase II clinical trials, results on improved physical function and muscle strength are still lacking and long-term outcomes have to be assessed in these patients. Moreover, there is a need to determine the effect of resistance exercise training and protein intake associated with SARMs in the treatment of patients with muscle wasting.
Appraisal and recommendation synthesis of guidelines and consensuses for interventions of pressure ulcers

Abstract Background: Pressure ulcers (PU) bring a considerable physical and mental burden on patients and their families, and have put families and government under tremendous pressure to cover the cost for treatment. Therefore, this protocol proposes to evaluate the quality of existing PU clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and compare the similarities and differences between its recommendations in order to improve the treatment efficacy and reduce the PU treatment cost. Methods: Electronic databases and specific databases of CPGs will be searched. Study selection and data collection will be performed independently by two reviewers. The Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II (AGREE II) Instrument and Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare (RIGHT) will be used to assess the methodological quality and reporting quality of included CPGs. Bubble plot will be used to describe the difference of the quality, and mind mapping will be plotted to illustrate the comparison of recommendations of a guideline when needed. R software, MindMaster and Excel will be used. Results: The results of this study will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication. Conclusion: This systematic review will provide comprehensive evidence of CPGs of PU. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020149176.
Tissue-resident macrophages promote extracellular matrix homeostasis in the mammary gland stroma of nulliparous mice

Tissue-resident macrophages in the mammary gland are found in close association with epithelial structures and within the adipose stroma, and are important for mammary gland development and tissue homeostasis. Macrophages have been linked to ductal development in the virgin mammary gland, but less is known regarding the effects of macrophages on the adipose stroma. Using transcriptional profiling and single-cell RNA sequencing approaches, we identify a distinct resident stromal macrophage subpopulation within the mouse nulliparous mammary gland that is characterized by the expression of Lyve-1, a receptor for the extracellular matrix (ECM) component hyaluronan. This subpopulation is enriched in genes associated with ECM remodeling and is specifically associated with hyaluronan-rich regions within the adipose stroma and fibrous capsule of the virgin mammary gland. Furthermore, macrophage depletion leads to enhanced accumulation of hyaluronan-associated ECM in the adipose-associated stroma, indicating that resident macrophages are important for maintaining homeostasis within the nulliparous mammary gland stroma.
Clinical outcomes for congenital heart disease patients presenting with infective endocarditis

ABSTRACT Introduction Infective endocarditis (IE) is a life-threatening adverse event for patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). Its incidence has changed little over time despite progress in techniques for diagnosis and treatment, and guidelines for prophylaxis. Areas covered The review sought for key-words: ‘congenital heart disease,’ ‘infective endocarditis,’ ‘microbial diagnosis,’ ‘imaging diagnosis,’ ‘surgical techniques,’ ‘prognosis,’ ‘prophylaxis. ’ Objectives were to investigate epidemiology, novel techniques for imaging and microbial diagnosis, therapeutic management and prognosis, and guidelines for prophylaxis in patients with CHD. The incidence of IE is increasing in adults with CHD. Morbidity caused by a broad clinical spectrum of cardiac and extracardiac episode-related complications is high. Surgical management is increasingly required in the early phase of the disease. Despite new techniques for diagnosis and microbiological therapy, mortality rate is still up to 10–20%. Expert opinion IE has increased in the growing cohort of adults with complex heart disease, living with residual cardiac lesions and prosthetic materials. Diagnosis is challenging for complex heart defects. Pet-scan technique can provide beneficial information to locate intracardiac lesions and embolic foci. Identification of the microbiological agents is improving. Innovative surgical techniques aim to avoid prosthetic material. Guidelines for prophylaxis currently emphasize oral and skin daily hygiene.
Relative Importance of Cleaning Behaviour in Centrolabrus Exoletus and other Wrasse at Arrábida, Portugal

Underwater behavioural observations were conducted to evaluate the relative importance of cleaning behaviour in three species of common north-eastern Atlantic wrasse (Teleostei: Labridae). At the study site, the only cleaner was Centrolabrus exoletus. A total of 12 species was cleaned, with the wrasse, Symphodus melops and Labrus bergylta being the species most frequently cleaned. Neither S. melops nor Ctenolabrus rupestris, known to be cleaners in other sites or in captivity, could be observed cleaning other fishes. Centrolabrus exoletus was found to be a facultative cleaner fish with cleaning acts representing only 7% of the observed feeding acts. In focal observations of host fishes, the incidence of cleaning acts reached a level (11 h-1 per host) similar to that reported for tropical reef fishes and probably reflects the high numbers of cleaners available. Some factors that may affect the origin of the cleaning interactions are discussed.