Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Studying Interfacial Adsorption of Bioengineered Monoclonal Antibodies

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are an important class of biotherapeutics; as of 2020, dozens are commercialized medicines, over a hundred are in clinical trials, and many more are in preclinical developmental stages. Therapeutic mAbs are sequence modified from the wild type IgG isoforms to varying extents and can have different intrinsic structural stability. For chronic treatments in particular, high concentration (≥ 100 mg/mL) aqueous formulations are often preferred for at-home administration with a syringe-based device. MAbs, like any globular protein, are amphiphilic and readily adsorb to interfaces, potentially causing structural deformation and even unfolding. Desorption of structurally perturbed mAbs is often hypothesized to promote aggregation, potentially leading to the formation of subvisible particles and visible precipitates. Since mAbs are exposed to numerous interfaces during biomanufacturing, storage and administration, many studies have examined mAb adsorption to different interfaces under various mitigation strategies. This review examines recent published literature focusing on adsorption of bioengineered mAbs under well-defined solution and surface conditions. The focus of this review is on understanding adsorption features driven by distinct antibody domains and on recent advances in establishing model interfaces suitable for high resolution surface measurements. Our summary highlights the need to further understand the relationship between mAb interfacial adsorption and desorption, solution aggregation, and product instability during fill-finish, transport, storage and administration.
A Hardware-efficient TSV Repair Scheme Based on Butterfly Topology

Three dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs) have been proposed as a solution for the limitation of microfabrication technology. However, through-silicon via (TSV), which connects two different dies vertically, may fail, and it can decrease the yield of 3D-ICs. A novel TSV repair architecture to repair defect TSVs is proposed in this paper. By shifting the corresponding signals of the faulty TSVs vertically and diagonally to the non-faulty TSVs, the proposed method maintains repair rate of TSV to 88.6% when there are 8 faulty TSVs. The hardware area of MUXs in proposed method is 193. 6μm² while that of the previous work is 245.8spl mu/m² and 297.9 spl mu/m².
CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM DURING THE PUPAL MOLT OF THE TOBACCO HORNWORM, MANDUCA SEXTA

During the pupal molt of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, the percentage of active fat body glycogen phosphorylase increased from 5–10 to 20%, but only for a period of 5 h prior to the molt. From the time of the appearance of two sclerotized dorsal bars to the time of the molt, the concentration of total hemolymph carbohydrates doubled to 100 mM trehalose. Initially, the glucose level was high (16 mM) when compared with feeding larvae (approximately 1 mM) but decreased to zero just prior to the molt. The amount of cuticular chitosan decreased from approximately 100 mg to 10 mg at pupation; the exuvia contained approximately 7 mg. While the levels of total lipids in hemolymph were not affected, the lipid content of the fat body decreased significantly prior to the molt but increased sharply thereafter. Fat body glycogen phosphorylase in pharate pupae and pupae of M. sexta was substantially activated by the Manduca adipokinetic peptide hormone, which in pharate pupae, produced the same response at 2 and 20 pmol per insect as in ligated larval abdomens. In pupae the response was clearly reduced. Using chilling to stimulate glycogen phosphorylase, it was found that the enzyme in pharate pupae and pupae responded both in vivo and in vitro as in ligated abdomens of larvae. Thus, a transition to the adult response seems to occur during the pupal and pharate adult development. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Regulation of alternative polyadenylation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by histone H3K4 and H3K36 methyltransferases

Abstract Adjusting DNA structure via epigenetic modifications, and altering polyadenylation (pA) sites at which precursor mRNA is cleaved and polyadenylated, allows cells to quickly respond to environmental stress. Since polyadenylation occurs co-transcriptionally, and specific patterns of nucleosome positioning and chromatin modifications correlate with pA site usage, epigenetic factors potentially affect alternative polyadenylation (APA). We report that the histone H3K4 methyltransferase Set1, and the histone H3K36 methyltransferase Set2, control choice of pA site in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a powerful model for studying evolutionarily conserved eukaryotic processes. Deletion of SET1 or SET2 causes an increase in serine-2 phosphorylation within the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) and in the recruitment of the cleavage/polyadenylation complex, both of which could cause the observed switch in pA site usage. Chemical inhibition of TOR signaling, which causes nutritional stress, results in Set1- and Set2-dependent APA. In addition, Set1 and Set2 decrease efficiency of using single pA sites, and control nucleosome occupancy around pA sites. Overall, our study suggests that the methyltransferases Set1 and Set2 regulate APA induced by nutritional stress, affect the RNAP II C-terminal domain phosphorylation at Ser2, and control recruitment of the 3′ end processing machinery to the vicinity of pA sites.
Synthesis of glycodendrimers containing both fucoside and galactoside residues and their binding properties to Pa-IL and PA-IIL lectins from Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Homo- and hetero-bifunctional glycodendrimers ending with up to 16 fucoside and/or galactoside residues were synthesized in good yields using a convergent approach. The biologically active surface carbohydrate moieties were assembled in a single and efficient step using “click chemistry”. The relative binding and cross-linking abilities of these glycodendrimers were evaluated by turbidimetric analyses using both PA-IL and PA-IIL lectins from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Insoluble complexes were rapidly observed from the first and second generations as well as from the mixed glycodendrimer 32. This hetero-bifunctional glycodendrimer was also evaluated with PA-IL alone and showed potent cross-linking properties. These novel heterobifunctional glycodendrimers may therefore constitute strong antiadhesin properties.
A Perspective for Dairy Research — Abridged Comments

Unfortunately, Professor Stuart Patton of The Pennsylvania State University, who was to deliver this lecture, was unable to attend due to illness. He sent the following remarks to me prior to this mee0mg with instructions to use them as I saw fit. They are more than worth the paper they are written on and deserve your consideration. I quote: "While I regret very much that my back has let me down, which in turn has made me let you down, I am delighted that this will give our good friend and colleague, Dr. Marvin P. Thompson, an opportunity to make some comments in my place. With respect to research perspective, it seems to me he is eminently well qualified to give us guidance. He is not only a distinguished research scientist in the Federal Service but a very active professor in the research and graduate study programs of our Dairy Science Department at Penn State. While I do not know whether what I might have said would agree well with Professor Thompson's remarks, I really have but one main theme that I wish to touch on briefly. Currently, there is a clarion call from numerous Federal sources for relevance in research. I suggest that this is not our particular problem, in fact l'ust the reverse. Agricultural research is bound to be reasonably relevant; milk and lactation are sure to be practical considerations. Rather, it will be basic research discoveries in dairy science which will move the whole field forward and perhaps make remarkable contributions to other fields (biology, medicine, etc.) as well. On the other hand, ff we gear our research primarily to someone else's need to solve immediate practical (relevant) problems or to moneymaking schemes, our hopes of scholarly excellence in agriculture, our need for better faculty, better students, and improved image and acceptance before the rest of the academic and scientific communities may never be adequately Nled. I t seems to me that it is the province of industry to solve applied problems and to make money, and that the best contribution that University and Government scientists can
Comparing Genotypes of Different Body Sizes for Growth-related Traits in Chickens. II. Feed Consumption Performance under Choice Feeding Using Commercial Starter Ration and Whole-grain Wheat

Three genotypes of chickens including one commercial broiler (CB) and two others from the Norwegian gene bank [Barred Plymouth Rock (BPR) and Jærhøn (JH)] were raised from 1 day to 20 weeks of age with a free choice of a commercial starter ration and whole-grain wheat. Body weights and pen-feed intakes were recorded every 2 weeks. The weight–age data were fitted to a Gompertz growth equation where, among other parameters, adult body weights were estimated and used for size scaling. The heavier CB chickens consumed more food (starter and wheat) than the other two genotypes. The maximum proportions of whole-grain wheat in the diet were 0.56, 0.68 and 0.75 for BPR, CB and JH birds, respectively. Although the proportions of whole-grain wheat were similar between the genotypes as age progressed, their maintenance requirement and feed intakes relative to body weight suggested a major genetic role and a possible interplay of both genetic potential and body size.
Electricity Theft Detection using Empirical Mode Decomposition and K-Nearest Neighbors

Electricity theft is a criminal practice of stealing electricity. In the country like Pakistan where the consumption is more than the production, the electricity theft can be hazardous for the economy. During the year 2017–18, there was a loss of 53 billion Rs. to the economy due to electricity theft. A novel system for the detection of electricity thefts is designed. The dataset provided by State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC) was used which contained two classes i.e. normal and theft. The dataset comprised of data collected for 1,035 days. The dataset included various missing and erroneous values. Preprocessing techniques such as interpolation was used to get the missing values and for the breakdown of signal, empirical mode decomposition was employed. After that the features were extracted from the signals of both classes. After a number of experiments combinations of features were found that gave maximum accuracy. K-nearest neighbors (KNN) classifier was used because of its advantage that it is very fast and simple. System was able to detect the electricity theft with accuracy of 91.0%. The system is very reliable and can be helpful in reducing the losses due to electricity theft. It is a very easy to use system as well as cost efficient.
Nutrient and plankton distribution near a shelf break front in the region of the Bass Strait cascade

Nutrient enrichment of surface water to the east of a shelf break front at the eastern end of Bass Strait occurs in winter. This area of enrichment is more than 100 nautical miles (E-W) by 150 nm (N-S). From east of Banks Strait (40o 45'S,148oE), some of the nutrient-rich water is carried northwards with the northward flow of Bass Strait water which later forms the well-known 'cascade' below the warmer waters of the Tasman Sea. In September 1984, the chlorophyll a concentration increased along the line of this northward flow, producing a maximum off the Victorian coast near where the cascade occurs. In contrast to nutrient and chlorophyll a distributions, zooplankton biomass (dry weight) was higher in the shallow water of Bass Strait than over the continental slope. This suggests that the plankton growth observed in shallow Bass Strait waters in late winter had ceased by September, but was continuing to the north-east and over the slope in waters with a shallow mixed depth. We propose that the northward flow of water along the shelf break maintains plankton in a nutrient-rich environment, so that they continue to grow until they are carried below the photic zone by the cascade.
Dual-Antenna Dual-Band High Performance Cubesat-Compatible GPS Receiver

Nanosatellites are revolutionizing the space industry allowing low-cost educational, scientific or commercial space missions. Among them, the CubeSats play a key role due to their standardization and increasingly use. As the CubeSat missions become more and more complex and challenging, so do their subsystems. In particular, the position, velocity and attitude of the satellite are commonly required to perform orbital tracking, precise pointing towards some sector of the Earth and other relevant tasks. These requirements can be fulfilled using an appropriate GPS receiver. This work presents the design and development of a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver (including hardware, software, and programmable logic) oriented to CubeSats along with some experimental results obtained with the first integrated prototype. The receiver can process the L1 and L2 GPS civil signals providing, in addition to the Position Velocity and Time (PVT) solution, high-precision pseudorange and carrier-phase measurements. It also has two antenna inputs that allow obtaining a partial attitude estimation or using the receiver as a GPS-based remote sensing sensor. The experimental results obtained from absolute and differential positioning, and partial attitude estimation show the correct working of the receiver and the excellent quality of the generated measurements.
Pesticide Concentrations in Matrices Collected in the Perinatal Period in a Population of Pregnant Women and Newborns in New Jersey, USA

ABSTRACT Gestational exposure to pesticides may adversely affect fetal development and birth outcomes. However, data on fetal exposure and associated health effects in newborns remain sparse. We measured a variety of pesticides and metabolites in maternal urine, maternal serum, cord serum, amniotic fluid, and meconium samples collected at the time of cesarean delivery from 150 women in central New Jersey, USA. Women who used pesticides at home had higher concentrations of pesticides or metabolites in cord serum [e.g., dacthal (p = .007), diethyltoluamide (p = .043), and phthalimide (p = .030)] than those who did not use pesticides, suggesting that residential use of pesticides may contribute to overall exposure as assessed by biomonitoring. Except for orthophenylphenol, the concentrations of most pesticides in biological matrices of this study population were either comparable to or lower than the levels reported in previous studies and in the U.S. general population. The daily exposure estimates of two representative organophosphorus insecticides (chlorpyrifos and diazinon) were lower than most regulatory protection limits (USEPA oral benchmark dose10/100, USEPA reference oral dose, or ATSDR minimal risk levels); however, they were near or at the USEPA's population-adjusted doses for children and women. No abnormal birth outcomes or other clinical endpoints were noted in those newborns who had higher concentrations of orthophenylphenol during the perinatal period.
Maintenance of the species boundary between Silene dioica and S. latifolia (red and white campion)

The relative importance of floral versus ecological isolation in preventing hybridisation in plant species remains unknown, primarily due to a paucity of detailed data from a range of systems. We examined floral isolation between Silene dioica and S. latifolia (Caryophyllaceae) in southern England by measuring gene flow across the species boundary using allozymes, and by assessing interspecific transfer of flourescent dye powders to simulate pollination. Allozyme studies of wild populations demonstrated that gene flow between S. dioica and S. latifolia is considerable since the two species could not be distinguished at the loci studied, in sharp contrast to their distinct morphologies. Pollination studies using fluorescent dye powders and direct observation of insect behaviour concurred in that although there was a degree of assortative mating it was insufficient in itself to prevent introgression. Fluorescent dye studies also suggest that pollination rates of hybrids are similar to parental types and that they provide a bridge for gene flow since they are visited freely by the main pollinators of both S. dioica (bumblebees) and S. latifolia (moths). We conclude that although floral isolation and spatial segregation may be important contributory factors, morphological differences between species are probably maintained primarily by strong selective forces associated with habitat (ecological isolation).
A Compression Study on 400 V and 690 V Electrical Motors Utilized in ACC Systems of CCPP

The most common voltage used in power plants to supply LV electrical distribution system is 400 V. However, the adoption of a higher voltage level presents some advantages, mainly in terms of capital cost and network efficiency improvement. The target of this compression study is to show the advantages of replacement of 690 V electric motors instead of 400 V in Air Cooled Condenser (ACC) fan. The results of the compression are conformed by computer simulations.
Cyber security threats in industrial control systems and protection

Industrial automation and control systems are increasingly based on open communication protocols and platforms that are also commonly used in corporate IT environments and interconnected to enable integration with business applications, they become increasingly exposed to the internet. As seen in the past with WannaCry and NotPetya, it's more likely common malware will cause the most damage in the long run. These threats are expected to increase simply since the fundamental gaps in protecting the operational technology (OT) over information technology (IT) widening. As OT becomes increasingly exposed to internet, it tends to become weak spot to cyber threats as any other connected systems. This is basically because of OT components aligned on the same hardware, software, communication protocols including operating systems that run IT components, such as networks, client, server machines & other connected devices. At the same time, reusable development and deployment of interconnected systems and their communication networks become vulnerable to cyber-attacks. This paper explores cyber security issues in industrial control systems that are built on open communication platforms and networks. Specially emphasized on attacker's objectives, electronics methods and possible countermeasures for IT systems. The paper also describes various OT security-relevant characteristics distinct from the office IT systems and relevant implementation approaches at multiple system layers to protect from cyber-attacks. Finally, paper illustrates few application level security concepts with case studies focusing configuration and operation of industrial process control system.
Influence of Condition and Habitat use on Survival of Post-Fledging Songbirds

Abstract. Habitat quality of a bird's breeding grounds has been typically evaluated by investigating patterns in nesting success, whereas events that follow fledging have been largely ignored. One especially overlooked aspect of breeding-habitat quality is how habitat affects the survival of young birds after they leave the nest, a period when mortality is notoriously high. We studied survival of fledglings of two mature-forest species, the Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla) and Worm-eating Warbler (Helmitheros vermivorum), to identify intrinsic (e.g., age, condition) and extrinsic (e.g., habitat structure) factors that influence survival. From 2004 to 2007, we radio-tagged 51 Ovenbird and 60 Worm-eating Warbler fledglings in southeast Ohio. We recorded the birds' locations daily and compared vegetation structure at the fledglings' and paired random locations. Using known-fate models in program MARK, we calculated post-fledging survival to be 65% for the Ovenbirds (51 days after fledging) and 67% for the Worm-eating Warblers (31 days after fledging). Fledglings' condition at the time of radio tagging was positively related to survival after fledging, implying carryover effects from the nestling period. Fledglings of both species used dense vegetation with 40–60% more woody stems in the understory than at random locations. Moreover, use of dense vegetation actually promoted survival. Although riparian thickets and tree-fall gaps within some forests may provide abundant habitat for fledglings, other forests may lack the structural attributes that promote fledglings' survival. Our findings highlight the importance of both breeding and post-fledging requirements being considered in avian conservation plans.
Newly Emerging Nature-Inspired Optimization - Algorithm Review, Unified Framework, Evaluation, and Behavioural Parameter Optimization

Nature-inspired optimization is a modern technique in the past decades. Researchers report their successful applications in various fields such as manufacturing, biomedical, and environmental engineering, while other researchers doubt its applicability. In this paper, we collect newly emerging nature-inspired optimization algorithms proposed after 2008, present them in a unified way, implement them, and evaluate them on benchmark functions. Moreover, we optimize the behavioural parameters for these algorithms. Since it is impossible to cover all interesting topics regarding nature-inspired optimization, this paper only focuses on the continuous encoding algorithms for single objective global problems, which is fundamental for other related topics.
Case of anti-MDA-5 positive dermatomyositis with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease

A 46-year-old African–American male patient with no significant medical history presented to the hospital with dyspnoea. He was in his usual state of health until 6 months ago when he experienced congestion, dry cough, exertional dyspnoea, fever, night sweats, decreased appetite and generalised
Authorship Attribution in Latin Languages using Stylometry

In this paper we presented a computational approach to authorship attribution in a multilingual environment, based on latin languages. Initially, we defined the databases of literary texts, written by consecrated authors of Portuguese, Spanish and French literature. Subsequently, we established a set formed by groups of stylometric characteristics, which are: morphological, flexors, syntactic and auxiliary. The main objective is to extract from the grammatical structures of the sentences, the stylometric pattern of each author. We perform experiments with author-dependent approach, using verification and identification strategies. In the classification process we use the Support Vector Machines – SVM, with a linear kernel.
Behavioural control of daily fattening in great tits (Parus major)

Many species of temperate-zone passerines show a pronounced daily cycle in body mass. Energy reserves are built up during the day and consumed the following night. The size of reserves is often viewed as a compromise between the risk of starvation and the cost of carrying an excessive fat load. This trade-off calls for state-dependent foraging behaviour, where current reserves and time of day are two crucial factors. The foraging strategy of the birds may then be reflected by the pattern of daily mass gain rate. We temporarily increased energy expenditure in captive great tits (Parus major) by experimentally lowering the overnight temperature. The birds' response to the treatment was to rapidly compensate for reduced morning reserves. Such an increased rate of mass gain suggests state-dependent foraging, and that some feeding opportunities are normally rejected. The rate of return to the normal pattern of fat accumulation suggests that in these birds, foraging is not constrained by physiological limitations.