Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Corepressor SMRT Functions as a Coactivator for Thyroid Hormone Receptor T3Rα from a Negative Hormone Response Element*

Nuclear receptors are ligand-modulated transcription factors that transduce the presence of lipophilic ligands into changes in gene expression. Nuclear receptor activity is regulated by ligand-induced interactions with coactivator or corepressor molecules. From a positive hormone response element (pHRE) and in the absence of hormone, corepressors SMRT and N-CoR are bound to some nuclear receptors such as the thyroid hormone (T3Rs) and retinoic acid receptors and mediate inhibition of basal levels of transcription. Ligand binding results in dissociation of corepressors and association of coactivators, resulting in the reversal of inhibition and a net activation of transcription. However, the role of cofactors on the activity of nuclear receptors from negative HREs (nHREs) is poorly understood. Here we show that corepressor SMRT can act as a potent coactivator for T3Rα from a nHRE; N-CoR has a similar but significantly attenuated activity. Mutagenesis of residues in the hinge region of T3Rα that block binding of SMRT and N-CoR inhibits ligand-independent transcriptional activation by T3Rα from a nHRE. These mutations also abrogate SMRT-mediated increase in transcriptional activity by T3Rα at a nHRE without significantly affecting ligand-dependent activation at a pHRE. Partial protease digestion coupled to the mobility shift assay indicate differences in the conformation of T3Rα-SMRT complexes bound to a pHREversus a nHRE. These results suggest that allosteric changes resulting from binding of T3Rα to different response elements, i.e. pHREs versus nHREs, dictate whether a cofactor will function as a coactivator or a corepressor. This, in turn, greatly expands the repertoire of mechanisms used in modulating transcription without the need for expression of new regulatory molecules.
Evaluation of electroacupuncture treatment of horses with signs of chronic thoracolumbar pain.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate use of electroacupuncture for treatment of horses with signs of chronic thoracolumbar pain. DESIGN Prospective study. ANIMALS 15 horses with signs of chronic thoracolumbar pain. PROCEDURE Horses were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 treatment groups. Horses in group 1 received electroacupuncture stimulation (once every 3 days for 5 treatments), those in group 2 received phenylbutazone (2.2 mg/kg [1 mg/lb], PO, q 12 h, for 5 days), and those in group 3 received saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (20 mL, PO, q 12 h, for 5 days). Thoracolumbar pain scores (TPSs) were evaluated before (baseline) and after each treatment. RESULTS Mean +/- SE TPSs in horses receiving phenylbutazone or saline solution did not change significantly during the study. After the third treatment, mean +/- SE TPS (2.1 +/- 0.6) in horses receiving electroacupuncture stimulation was significantly lower than baseline (6.0 +/- 0.6) TPS. Mean +/- SE TPSs in horses receiving electroacupuncture stimulation were significantly lower than baseline TPSs and TPSs in horses receiving phenylbutazone or saline solution after the third treatment to 14 days after the last treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE TPSs are useful for evaluating the efficacy of various analgesic methods used for treatment of thoracolumbar pain in horses. Electroacupuncture was effective for treatment of chronic thoracolumbar pain in horses. Results provided evidence that 3 sessions of electroacupuncture treatment can successfully alleviate signs of thoracolumbar pain in horses. The analgesic effect induced by electroacupuncture can last at least 2 weeks. Phenylbutazone administered PO did not effectively alleviate signs of thoracolumbar pain in horses in this study.
Thermochemical stability of low‐iron, manganese‐enriched olivine in astrophysical environments

Abstract– Low‐iron, manganese‐enriched (LIME) olivine grains are found in cometary samples returned by the Stardust mission from comet 81P/Wild 2. Similar grains are found in primitive meteoritic clasts and unequilibrated meteorite matrix. LIME olivine is thermodynamically stable in a vapor of solar composition at high temperature at total pressures of a millibar to a microbar, but enrichment of solar composition vapor in a dust of chondritic composition causes the FeO/MnO ratio of olivine to increase. The compositions of LIME olivines in primitive materials indicate oxygen fugacities close to those of a very reducing vapor of solar composition. The compositional zoning of LIME olivines in amoeboid olivine aggregates is consistent with equilibration with nebular vapor in the stability field of olivine, without re‐equilibration at lower temperatures. A similar history is likely for LIME olivines found in comet samples and in interplanetary dust particles. LIME olivine is not likely to persist in nebular conditions in which silicate liquids are stable.
Charged Higgs production via vector-boson fusion at NNLO in QCD

We present the total cross sections at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in the strong coupling for single and double charged Higgs production via weak boson fusion. Results are obtained via the structure function approach, which builds upon the approximate, though very accurate, factorization of the QCD corrections between the two quark lines. The theoretical uncertainty on the total cross sections at the LHC from higher order corrections and the parton distribution uncertainties are estimated at the 2% level each for a wide range of Higgs boson masses.
Tumor necrosis factor -converting enzyme (TACE/ADAM17) mediates ectodomain shedding of the scavenger receptor CD163

CD163 is expressed specifically in the monocyte/macrophage lineage, where it mediates uptake of haptoglobin-hemoglobin complexes, leading to metabolism of the oxidative heme molecule. Shedding of the CD163 ectodomain from the cell surface produces a sCD163 plasma protein, and a positive correlation is seen between the sCD163 plasma level and the severity of various infectious and inflammatory diseases. In the present analysis of the phorbol ester-induced shedding of sCD163 in CD163 cDNA-transfected HEK293 cells, we used metalloproteinase inhibitors and siRNA-mediated inhibition of metalloproteinases to identify TACE/ ADAM17 as an enzyme responsible for PMA-induced cleavage of the membrane-proximal region of CD163. As TACE/ADAM17-mediated shedding of TNFis upregulated in macrophages subjected to inflammatory stimuli, the present results now provide a likely explanation for the strong empirical relationship between the sCD163 plasma level and infectious/inflammatory diseases relating to macrophage activity. J. Leukoc. Biol. 88: 1201–1205; 2010.
Measure of Intentional Manipulation : A Structural Approach

Using a sample of over 1,800 CEOs in the post-SOX period, I estimate the extent of intentional manipulation and manipulation costs using a dynamic structural model that features a risk-averse manager who receives cash and equity compensation. I find that the expected cost of manipulation is low. The probability of detection is 9%, and the average misstatement results in a 1.5% loss in the manager’s wealth. According to the estimated parameters, the implied fraction of manipulating firms is around 63% and the value-weighted bias in the stock price is 2.8%. Among five proxies for earnings management used in the extant literature, only performance-matched discretionary accruals have a positive association with the model-implied measure of intentional manipulation. ∗I thank my dissertation committee at the Stanford Graduate School of Business Anne Beyer, David Larcker (co-advisor), Maureen McNichols, Joseph Piotroski, and Peter Reiss (co-advisor) for their invaluable guidance and support. I am grateful to John Johnson and Ravi Pillai for their help with computational issues. I benefited from discussing institutional details of restatements with Dennis Tanona and Olga Usvyatsky from Audit Analytics, Inc. I am indebted to Gaizka Ormazabal, Alan Jagolinzer, Christopher Armstrong, and Allan McCall for their insights on executive compensation data and to Mary Barth, Bill Beaver, Sergey Lobanov, John Lazarev, Pedro Gardete, Stephan Seiler, Maria Ogneva, and Anita Rao for many helpful comments and discussions. Correspondence: aaz@stanford.edu.
FULL-DUPLEX COGNITIVE RADIO : ENHANCING SPECTRUM USAGE MODEL

With the rapid growth of demand for ever-increasing data rate, spectrum resources have become more and more scarce. As a fore-seen promising technique to increase the efficiency of the spectrum utilization, cognitive radio (CR) technique has the great potential to meet such a requirements by allowing the un-licensed users to co-exist with the licensed bands. In the conventional CR systems, the spectrum sensing is performed at the beginning of each time-slot before the data is transmitted. This unfortunately results with two major problems: 1) Transmission time reduction due to the sensing, and 2) Sensing accuracy impairment due to the data transmission. To tackle these problems, in this paper we present a new design idea for future CR by exploring the full-duplex (FD) techniques to achieve the simultaneous spectrum sensing and data transmission. With FD radios equipped at the secondary users (SUs), the SUs can simultaneously sense and access the vacant spectrum, and hence, significantly improve sensing performance and meanwhile increase data transmission efficiency.
The Method Based On Dijkstra Of Multi-directional Ship’s Path Planning

Aiming at the problem of the shortest path’s optimization for direct navigation of ships, the Dijkstra algorithm search is improved. The environment of the ship’s navigation area was modeled by rasterization and swelling. Then the four-direction search,eight-direction search and arbitrary-angle search based on the Dijkstra algorithm were improved, and the three search methods were compared. Simulation experiments and research results show that the improved arbitrary angle search method can best meet the requirement of the shortest direct flight path.
Gill histopathology in zebrafish model following exposure to aquacultural disinfectants

The effect of acute exposure of four disinfectants commonly used in aquacultural practice (formalin, potassium permanganate, benzalkonium chloride and malachite green) was studied on the histological structure of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) gills. Groups of 8 individuals were exposed to a dose of each disinfectant corresponding to the therapeutic dose (TD) and five folds of the therapeutic dose (5xTD). Gills of all exposed zebrafish showed a higher occurrence of histopathological changes. These alterations included a slightly focal proliferation of interlamellar cells with obliteration of interlamellar spaces, mild infiammatory reaction with leucocyte infiltration and lifting of the epithelial layer from gill lamellae. Fish exposed to potassium permanganate showed more severe histopathological changes consisting of necrotic change of lamellar cells, distorsion and apical necrosis of secondary lamellae.
Lowering the Technical Threshold for Organizers to Create and Deliver Mobile Crowd Sensing Applications

In order to lower the technical threshold for creating and delivering Mobile Crowd Sensing Applications (MCSAs), several frameworks or toolkits have been developed, but they either fail to provide general support or still require relatively professional software development skills. Besides, the application delivery to the participants is not precise enough, because they only consider the constraints predefined by the organizers without taking the participant-side factors into account. In this paper, we propose a prototype toolkit for the organizers without software development skills to build MCSA in a rather quick and simple way. First, in terms of the application creation, it enables organizers to build MCSA by just doing some simple settings, which totally eliminates the requirement of programming skills. Second, in terms of the application delivery, it selects participants who are more likely to accept the created applications by mining their participation history. Finally, we demonstrate the expressiveness and usability for the application creation and evaluate the effectiveness of the willingness-based participant selection algorithm for the application delivery.
Fault Section Estimation in Power Systems Using a Novel Decision Support System

This paper presents a novel decision support system (DSS) using circuit breaker information for online fault section estimation in power systems. The new representation of knowledge and approach to resolving fault diagnosis problems are included in the proposed system. The DSS automatically creates rules for knowledge representation and develops an efficient diagnosis procedure. After the fault section is estimated, the logical reasoning approach uses the relay information to further validate the candidate fault section and circuit breaker status. Test results verify that the DSS can obtain rapid and accurate diagnosis results with flexibility and portability for fault diagnosis of diverse power systems. Those results further demonstrate the feasibility of applying the proposed DSS to actual power system fault section estimation.
Susceptibility of fecal anaerobic bacteria from pigs and chickens to five polyether antibiotics for growth promotion.

The minimun inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 100 strains of anaerobic bacteria, isolated from the intestines of healthy pigs and chickens, for five polyether antibiotics including cationomycin (CNM), lysocellin (LSC), monension (MNS), portmicin (PRM) and salinomycin (SNM) were determined by an agar-dilution technique. CNM, MNS, PRM, and SNM, at a concentration of 6. 25μg/ml, were active against 41 to 56% of the Bacteroides fragilis group, whereas LSC showed less activity at the same concentration. All strains of genera Fusobacterium, Selenomonas, Mitsuokella and Megasphasera were resistant to the five polyether antibiotics. Eubacterium spp. were susceptible to the antimicrobial agents (MICs of 1.56 to 3.12μg/ml) except for NMS. CNM and PRM inhibited all strains of Bifidobacterium spp. at lower concentrations, but LSC, MNS and SNM did not. CNM, PRM and SNM, at a concentration of 1.56μg/ml, were active against all strains of Lactobacillus spp. whereas LSC and NMS did not inhibit them at the same concentration. Clostridium perfringens was also susceptible to five polyether antibiotics tested (MICs of 1.56 to 12.5μg/ml). All strains of B. fragilis from pigs were resistant to the five polyether antibiotics but those from chickens were inhibited at lower concentrations.
Sensorless Operation of a PWM Rectifier for a Distributed Generation

This paper presents a power converter configuration interfaced with the distributed ac power generation system to regulate the dc bus voltage. It is composed of a pulsewidth modulation (PWM) rectifier directly tied to the generator's terminals without ac reactors. Hence terminal voltages are not useful due to the switched pulse of the PWM rectifier and also it is not the terminal voltages, but the generator's electromagnetic field voltages that are required for a synchronous angle of the PWM rectifier. This paper proposes a method for estimating the synchronous angle through only the measurement of the ac line currents, and is thus called the voltage sensorless control strategy. For a smooth startup of the PWM rectifier, a technique of setting the integrators' initial values in the proposed estimator is described. In this paper a commercial engine generator set is used as the distributed generation system. The feasibility of the overall system and algorithms has been verified by the experimental results
Class V chitin synthase determines pathogenesis in the vascular wilt fungus Fusarium oxysporum and mediates resistance to plant defence compounds

Chitin, a β‐1,4‐linked polysaccharide of N‐acetylglucosamine, is a major structural component of fungal cell walls. Fungi have multiple classes of chitin synthases that catalyse N‐acetylglucosamine polymerization. Here, we demonstrate the requirement for a class V chitin synthase during host infection by the vascular wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. The chsV gene was identified in an insertional mutagenesis screen for pathogenicity mutants. ChsV has a putative myosin motor and a chitin synthase domain characteristic of class V chitin synthases. The chsV insertional mutant and a gene replacement mutant of F. oxysporum display morphological abnormalities such as hyphal swellings that are indicative of alterations in cell wall structure and can be partially restored by osmotic stabilizer. The mutants are unable to infect and colonize tomato plants or to grow invasively on tomato fruit tissue. They are also hypersensitive to plant antimicrobial defence compounds such as the tomato phytoanticipin α‐tomatine or H2O2. Reintroduction of a functional chsV copy into the mutant restored the growth phenotype of the wild‐type strain. These data suggest that F. oxysporum requires a specific class V chitin synthase for pathogenesis, most probably to protect itself against plant defence mechanisms.
Fractionally sampled linear detectors for DS-CDMA

We analyze the performance of fractionally chip sampled linear multi-user detectors for direct-sequence CDMA communication systems. We consider a general DS-CDMA system model accounting for user asynchronism and frequency selective propagation channels. Analysis shows that FIR linear detectors with chip rate sampling cannot perfectly recover N or more users for a system with spreading gain N in the presence of frequency selective channel dynamics or user asynchronism. Drawing inspiration from fractionally spaced equalization, we propose the fractionally chip sampled receiver and show that a FIR linear detector may be able to perfectly recover /spl ges/N users.
Fluctuation of Information Entropy Measures in Cell Image

A simple, label-free cytometry technique is introduced. It is based on the analysis of the fluctuation of image Gray Level Information Entropy (GLIE) which is shown to reflect intracellular biophysical properties like generalized entropy. In this study, the analytical relations between cellular thermodynamic generalized entropy and diffusivity and GLIE fluctuation measures are explored for the first time. The standard deviation (SD) of GLIE is shown by experiments, simulation and theoretical analysis to be indifferent to microscope system “noise”. Then, the ability of GLIE fluctuation measures to reflect basic cellular entropy conditions of early death and malignancy is demonstrated in a cell model of human, healthy-donor lymphocytes, malignant Jurkat cells, as well as dead lymphocytes and Jurkat cells. Utilization of GLIE-based fluctuation measures seems to have the advantage of displaying biophysical characterization of the tested cells, like diffusivity and entropy, in a novel, unique, simple and illustrative way.
Programmed Cell Death during Regression of the MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer following Estrogen Ablation 1

To study the mechanism of regression of human mammary cancer following estrogen ablation, estrogen-responsive MCF-7 human mam mary adenocarcinoma cells were inoculated into ovariectomized female nude mice supplemented with exogenous 17/8-estradiol (1 .â€¢) via an I-'. implant. Implants were then removed when MCF-7 tumors were 400 nun' in size. Removal of the \-'. : implants resulted in a 50% tumor regression by 2 weeks following ! â€¢'. ablation. Associated with this regres sion is a rapid (i.e., within 1 day following E2ablation) enhanced expres sion of the transforming growth factor 0, and TRPM-2 genes, two genes the expression of which has been previously demonstrated to be enhanced in a variety of cell types induced to undergo programmed cell death (i.e., apoptosis). The enhanced expression of transforming growth factor ,. -/, and TRPM-2 is not a nonspecific response since the expression of other genes, like c-fos, c-ll-ras, and pS2, decrease following I.ablation. Fragmentation of tumor DIVAinto nucleosomal oligomers and histological appearance of apoptotic bodies are characteristic early events that precede the dramatic reduction in tumor volume following I-'. ablation. These results demonstrate that the regression of MCF-7 human mam mary cancers in nude mice following estrogen ablation is due to a sequence of biochemical and morphological changes that result in both the cessa tion of cell proliferation and activation of programmed death or apoptosis of these MCF-7 cancer cells. Clarification of the biochemical pathway involved in the activation of this programmed cell death should identify new targets of therapy for even estrogen-independent human mammary
Subcutaneous lower limb tenotomy in the treatment of pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy. Description of technique and presentation of twenty-one cases.

The natural history of pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy leads ultimately to progressive lower-extremity contracture with loss of strength and balance until eventually walking is no longer possible. Subcutaneous lowe-extremity tenotomy and bracing have proved successful in the treatment of twenty-one patients. We believe that this technique offers a method of prolonging walking in the patient with pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy. In so doing, confinement to a wheel chair or bed with its inevitable downhill course may be significantly forestalled.
Next Generation Operating Systems: A Biologically Inspired Future

This paper takes a biologically inspired approach towards the operating systems. It views the DNA through a "system software microscope". It discusses related issues, examples being file system, program preparation, and it's parallel and distributed features, including inter-process communication. Our work explores the analogy between the computer operating systems and the molecular biology control systems, concerning the issues of improving the computer operating systems and its parallel and distributed capabilities.
ild Early Life Stress Enhances Prefrontal-Dependent esponse Inhibition in Monkeys

ackground: Severely stressful early experiences have been implicated in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. In contrast, xposure to mild early life stress (i.e., stress inoculation) strengthens emotional and neuroendocrine resistance to subsequent stressors. erein we extend this research to examine the effects of mild early life stress on cognition. ethods: Squirrel monkeys were randomized to a mild intermittent stress (IS; n 11) or nonstress (NS; n 9) condition from 17 o 27 weeks postpartum. At 1.5 years of age, monkeys were assessed for response inhibition on a test previously shown to reflect refrontal-dependent cognitive function. esults: IS monkeys demonstrated fewer response inhibition errors compared with NS monkeys. There were no rearing-related ifferences in aspects of performance that did not require inhibitory control. Compared with NS monkeys, IS monkeys had lower basal lasma pituitary-adrenal stress hormone levels. No rearing-related differences on neuroendocrine measures obtained 15 minutes after esting were found. onclusions: Results from this experiment provide the first evidence that exposure to mildly stressful early experiences improves refrontal-dependent response inhibition in primates. Combined with our previous data, findings from this animal model suggest that xposure to mild early life stress may enhance the development of brain systems that regulate emotional, neuroendocrine, and ognitive control.