Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of peat and wood shavings as bedding on the faecal microflora of horses

The main purpose of this study was to determine the impact of bedding material on the faecal microflora of horses. Another objective was to investigate the hygienic and physical qualities of the bedding materials used and how these may change in the course of the trial period. The bedding materials used were sphagnum peat and wood shavings. Six horses had each material as bedding for a three week period in a change–over experiment. The horses’ ration of roughage was distributed directly on top of the bedding. Faecal samples were collected weekly for measuring of pH and for Terminal restriction length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis. T-RFLP analysis is a PCR based method were the size of 16S rRNA fragments are determined in order to study microbial communities. Samples of bedding material were collected at the start up an end of each period and sent for hygienic analysing. Samples of the haylage fed to the horses were collected weekly and sent for analysis as one sample per period. Samples were also taken from both materials in the beginning and end of each period for determination of pH, dry matter and water holding capacity. Registrations of indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity were done on a daily basis. Bedding material did not influence the faecal pH. The T-FRLP analysis did not show any impact from bedding material on the microflora. Peat had significantly higher water holding capacity compared to wood shavings. Penicillium spp. was the most common mould found in peat and wood shavings. There was no difference in number of aerobic bacteria, yeasts, moulds and thermophilic fungi between peat and wood shavings. The number of aerobic bacteria had increased significantly in both bedding materials in the end of the periods. In conclusion, bedding material does not influence the faecal microflora with the conditions given in this study.
Orbital dynamics in ferromagnetic transition metal oxides

We consider a model of strongly correlated eg electrons interacting by superexchange orbital interactions in the ferromagnetic phase of LaMnO3 . It is found that the classical orbital order with alternating occupied e g orbitals has a full rotational symmetry at orbital degeneracy, and the excitation spectrum derived using the linear spin-wave theory is gapless. The quantum corrections to the order parameter and to the ground state energy restore the cubic symmetry of the model. By applying a uniaxial pressure orbital degeneracy is lifted in a tetragonal field and one finds an orbital-flop phase with a gap in the excitation spectrum. In two dimensions the classical order is more robust near the orbital degeneracy and quantum effects are suppressed. The orbital excitations obtained using finite temperature diagonalization of two-dimensional clusters consist of a quasiparticle accompanied by satellite structures. The orbital waves found within the linear spin-wave theory provide an excellent description of the dominant pole of these spectra. @S0163-1829~99! 05309-6#
E-mail and Direct Participation in Decision Making: A Literature Review

This paper reviews the literature on the effects of the use of e-mail on direct participation in decision making (PDM) in organisations. After a brief review of the organisational literature on participation the paper distinguishes e-mail theories on direct participation in three different theoretical perspectives. Then the paper focuses the attention on the role of e-mail in affecting task type, vertical and horizontal communication and their consequences for PDM. Finally the paper presents indications and open questions for future research.
Managing the Nutrition of Plants and People

One definition of food security is having sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet dietary needs. This paper highlights the role of plant mineral nutrition in food production, delivering of essential mineral elements to the human diet, and preventing harmful mineral elements entering the food chain. To maximise crop production, the gap between actual and potential yield must be addressed. This gap is 15–95% of potential yield, depending on the crop and agricultural system. Current research in plant mineral nutrition aims to develop appropriate agronomy and improved genotypes, for both infertile and productive soils, that allow inorganic and organic fertilisers to be utilised more efficiently. Mineral malnutrition affects two-thirds of the world's population. It can be addressed by the application of fertilisers, soil amelioration, and the development of genotypes that accumulate greater concentrations of mineral elements lacking in human diets in their edible tissues. Excessive concentrations of harmful mineral elements also compromise crop production and human health. To reduce the entry of these elements into the food chain, strict quality requirements for fertilisers might be enforced, agronomic strategies employed to reduce their phytoavailability, and crop genotypes developed that do not accumulate high concentrations of these elements in edible tissues.
FACTORS AFFECTING LEVELS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT

Person's attitude, belief and health behavioral patterns are directly and indirectly influenced by many social and physical factors. Scientific researches point out that The Social Ecological Model is a theory-based framework used both: in the development of behavioral programs and in the theoretical background of the research. There are four global factors that can characterize interactions between the individual and the environment: intrapersonal, interpersonal, environmental and political. Using the socially-ecological model, there can be observed the manifestations of physical activity at different levels that interact with each other. Making changes at one level influences other aspects. The goal of the article is to conduct a scientific literature review of the factors influencing physical activity in the school environment.
SUB-RIEMANNIAN STRUCTURES ON GROUPS OF DIFFEOMORPHISMS

In this paper, we define and study strong right-invariant sub-Riemannian structures on the group of diffeomorphisms of a manifold with bounded geometry. We derive the Hamiltonian geodesic equations for such structures, and we provide examples of normal and of abnormal geodesics in that infinite-dimensional context. The momentum formulation gives a sub-Riemannian version of the Euler–Arnol’d equation. Finally, we establish some approximate and exact reachability properties for diffeomorphisms, and we give some consequences for Moser theorems.
Tropical seagrass meadows modify seawater carbon chemistry: implications for coral reefs impacted by ocean acidification

Highly productive tropical seagrasses often live adjacent to or among coral reefs and utilize large amounts of inorganic carbon. In this study, the effect of seagrass productivity on seawater carbonate chemistry and coral calcification was modelled on the basis of an analysis of published data. Published data (11 studies, 64 records) reveal that seagrass meadows in the Indo-Pacific have an 83% chance of being net autotrophic, resulting in an average net sink of 155 gC m−2 yr−1. The capacities for seagrass productivity were analysed using an empirical model to examine the effect on seawater carbonate chemistry. Our analyses indicate that increases in pH of up to 0.38 units, and Ωarag increases of 2.9 are possible in the presence of seagrass meadows (compared to their absence) with the precise values of these increases dependent on water residence time (tidal flushing) and water depth. In shallow water reef environments, Scleractinian coral calcification downstream of seagrass has the potential to be ≈18% greater than in an environment without seagrass. If this potential benefit to reef calcifiers is supported by further study it offers a potential tool in marine park management at a local scale. The applicability of this will depend upon local physical conditions as well as the spatial configuration of habitats, and the factors that influence their productivity. This novel study suggests that, in addition to their importance to fisheries, sediment stabilization and primary production, seagrass meadows may enhance coral reef resilience to future ocean acidification.
Interface from Transaction Cost Approach

Two decades ago, Oliver E. Williamson defined a transaction as the transfer of a good or service across a technologically separable interface, and yet the characteristics of interfaces have not been studied by transaction cost economics researchers. Another related concept is that of the module which is commonly defined as a unit sharing multiple interfaces in order to interact, integrate and combine, or be substituted, redeployed, transferred, and suplanted; but the term interface is referred to in very few studies of modularity. The purpose of this research is to describe and understand further the transaction mechanism related to the notion of interface (transaction interface). The analysis of transaction costs, institutions, and organizations from the perspective of the interface is proposed. We believe that the importance of studying interfaces has been increasing with the proliferation of economic activities over the Internet. Governance mechanisms existing beyond markets and organizations may likewise be explained by focusing on various interface aspects.
Prevalence of Depression among Patients Attending Babylon Diabetic Center

Background: Diabetes mellitus(DM) is one of highly prevalent medical illnesses and it is a major cause of morbidity, mortality and economic expense worldwide.Many studies have shown a relationship between diabetes and psychiatric disorders especially depression. Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the rate of depression among diabetic patients followed at the Babylon Diabetic Center in Marjan Teaching Hospital. Method: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out in a tertiary centre (in Marjan Teaching Hospital). 200 patients with DM seen at the Babylon Diabetic Center in Marjan Teaching Hospital from August 2013 to April 2014 were included in this study. Beck Depression Inventory Scale was used to diagnose and assess the severity of depression. Socio-Demographic characteristics, medical history and diabetic features were obtained from diabetic patients.Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 18. Categorical variables were presented as frequencies and percentages. Continuous variables were presented as means with their 95% confidence interval (CI). The Pearson's chi-square test (x2) test was used to determine the associations between categorical variables. Analysis of Variance One Way (ANOVA) was used to compare means between more than two groups. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Out of 200 diabetic patients, the overall mean age of patients was 49.44± 11.44 years old. (63.5%) of the patients were females. According to Beck Depression Index, 87 (43.53%) had mild depression, 61 (30.5%) had moderate depression, meanwhile, only 52 (26.0%) had severe depression. There were significant associations between depression and type of DM, type of treatment as well as duration of DM. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased risk of depression. Patients with long duration of DM and poor glycemic control are more susceptible of major depressive disorder which is in turn adversely affecting the physical health of diabetic patients; therefore, the treating physicians should be aware of the cooccurrence of depression and diabetes.
The ovine jugular vein as a model for interventional radiology procedures

The ovine jugular vein as a model for interventional radiology procedures Background. Detailed knowledge of the ovine jugular vein anatomy and physiology is a prerequisite for proper use of sheep as teaching or an experimental model in interventional radiology. Material and methods. Ascending and descending jugular venograms in tilted position were done in 25 sheep to evaluate the jugular vein (JV) size and anatomy of its valves. Results. The average maximal diameter of 50 JVs was 13.34 ± 1.18 mm. Each vein contained an average of 4.36 ± 0.98 valves. All valves were competent and 96.3% were bicuspid. Conclusions. Because of similarities between ovine JV and human femoral vein in regards to diameters, number and type of valves and function of their valves with increased central and hydrostatic pressure, the ovine JV is a good model for evaluation of creation of JV valve incompetence, percutaneous valve transplantation and evaluation of prosthetic valve devices.
Finite- and Quantum-size Effects of Bismuth Nanowires

During the last decades, the miniaturization of electronic devices has strongly influenced the technological evolution. For instance, Moore’s law states that roughly every 18 months the number of transistors per microchip doubles. This law has been valid remarkably well in the last 40 years and it is expected to hold for some more years to come. This process requires an ongoing reduction of feature sizes, and assumes that the components of a microchip can be scaled down arbitrarily without changes in their performance. However, conventional transport theories will fail on such small feature sizes. When the size is comparable to the mean free path le of the conduction electrons, the mesoscopic transport regime is entered leading to so-called finite-size (FSE) or classical-size effects. These effects include additional electron scattering processes both at the surface of the structure and at inner grain boundaries. When the structure size even reaches the Fermi-wavelength λF and, hence, the electronic wave function becomes confined, quantum-size effects (QSE) are expected to occur which involve a change of the density of states and, thus, affect the transport properties as well as the optical properties.
ACUTE WEB SPIDER: AN INTENSIFIED APPROACH FOR PROFOUND ACCUMULATION

Using WebSpider, we determine the topical relevance of the site in line with the items in its homepage. Whenever a new site comes, the homepage content from the website is removed and parsed by getting rid of stop words and stemming. As deep web develops in an extremely fast pace, there's been elevated curiosity about techniques which help efficiently locate deep-web connects. However, because of the large amount of web sources and also the dynamic nature of deep web, achieving wide coverage and efficiency is really a challenging issue. We advise a 2-stage framework, namely WebSpider, for efficient farming deep web connects. Within the first stage, WebSpider performs site-based trying to find center pages with the aid of search engines like Google, staying away from going to a lot of pages. To attain better recent results for a focused crawl, WebSpider ranks websites you prioritized highly relevant ones for any given subject. Within the second stage, WebSpider accomplishes fast in-site searching by digging up best links by having an adaptive link-ranking. To get rid of bias on going to some highly relevant links in hidden websites, we design a hyperlink tree data structure to attain wider coverage for any website. Focused crawlers for example Form-Focused Crawler (FFC) and Adaptive Crawler for Hidden-web Records (Pain) can instantly search on the internet databases on the specific subject. FFC was created with link, page, and form classifiers for focused moving of web forms, and it is extended by Pain with a lot more components for form filtering and adaptive link student.
Hyperdeterminant of 4-qubit spin chains

The properties of the hyperdeterminant, a genuine multipartite entanglement figure of merit for 4 qubits, are studied. We analyze when the hyperdeterminant detects quantum phase transitions and how it is related to the wave function of the system. By studying the ground state of two well-known quantum hamiltonians, Ising and XXZ, we analyze how entanglement behaves in terms of the hyperdeterminant. To conclude, we introduce finite temperature effects which leads us to explore the full spectrum of energies of both models.
Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes and Nitric Oxide Modulate the Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Barley under Drought and Salinity

Normal 0 21 false false false EN-US X-NONE AR-SA /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} To evaluate the impacts of various concentrations of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg L -1 ) and sodium nitroprusside (0 and 100 μM as nitric oxide (NO) donor) on seed germination and early seedling growth of barley, two separate factorial experiments were conducted based on a randomized complete block design under polyethylene glycol-simulated drought stress and NaCl salinity stress conditions. Based on the results, a concentration-dependent declining trend was observed in barley germination indices upon seed exposure to polyethylene glycol (PEG) and NaCl suspensions. Employing multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) particularly 1000 and 500 mg L -1 and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) alleviated the adverse impacts of drought and salinity stresses. However, applied MWCNTs and SNP together were more efficient than suspension alone. The combined application of MWCNTs with SNP increased germination percentage, germination rate, root length, shoot length, vigor index and decreased mean germination time of barley. Similarly, the amount of moisture content and uniformity of seed germination were obviously increased by MWCNTs and SNP under drought and salinity. In contrast, MWCNTs at 2000 mg L -1 had an inhibitory impact on barley seed germination, while use of SNP moderated adverse effects of MWCNTs. Generally, it can be concluded that appropriate concentration of MWCNTs is beneficial in improving drought and NaCl salinity tolerance of barley by boosting seed water absorption and increasing the moisture content of seedlings.
Prudential measures in housing access: Should one include transport costs in the front-end ratio?

A widespread prudential measure limits the housing expense ratio—defined as the share of income spent on the rent or loan payment—to ensure household solvency. This policy is increasingly criticized, however, as it would induce households to settle far from the city center in search of lower housing prices, fostering urban sprawl. It would even prove counterproductive as high transport costs in distant areas would more than offset the lower housing costs. To avoid these unintended effects, several researchers advocate limiting the joint housing plus transport expense ratio instead. This paper aims to shed light on this issue by comparing the two prudential measures—limiting either the housing or the housing plus transport expense ratio—using the monocentric model. By constraining residential choices and reducing housing consumption, both policies improve household solvency and reduce urban sprawl. While this seems to contradict previous claims, the joint constraint proves more efficient in both regards. Provided the constraint is not too stringent, both policies have limited impact on household welfare and often even improve welfare. But this time, capping only the housing expense ratio always dominates the joint housing plus transport constraint. A numerical application to the Paris region illustrates our findings for a real case study. Results suggest that replacing the current limitation of the housing expense ratio with a joint housing plus transport constraint would significantly improve household solvency and curb urban sprawl, with a negligible welfare loss.
Aeolian nutrient fluxes following wildfire in sagebrush steppe: Implications for soil carbon storage

Pulses of aeolian transport following fire can pro- foundly affect the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients in semi-arid and arid ecosystems. Our objective was to deter- mine horizontal nutrient fluxes occurring in the saltation zone during an episodic pulse of aeolian transport that occurred following a wildfire in a semi-arid sagebrush steppe ecosys- tem in southern Idaho, USA. We also examined how tempo- ral trends in nutrient fluxes were affected by changes in par- ticle sizes of eroded mass as well as nutrient concentrations associated with different particle size classes. In the burned area, total carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fluxes were as high as 235 g C m 1 d 1 and 19 g N m 1 d 1 during the first few months following fire, whereas C and N fluxes were negligi- ble in an adjacent unburned area throughout the study. Tem- poral variation in C and N fluxes following fire was largely attributable to the redistribution of saltation-sized particles. Total N and organic C concentrations in the soil surface were significantly lower in the burned relative to the unburned area one year after fire. Our results show how an episodic pulse of aeolian transport following fire can affect the spatial dis- tribution of soil C and N, which, in turn, can have important implications for soil C storage. These findings demonstrate how an ecological disturbance can exacerbate a geomorphic process and highlight the need for further research to bet- ter understand the role aeolian transport plays in the biogeo- chemical cycling of C and N in recently burned landscapes.
A New Empirically Weighted Monetary Aggregate for the United States

This article uses an approach to long-run modeling proposed by Pesaran, Shin, and Smith (2001) to develop an empirically weighted broad monetary aggregate for the United States and to demonstrate the advantages of this type of aggregate from a monetary policy perspective. The new empirically weighted aggregate performs well in out-of-sample nominal income and inflation forecasting tests, and in respect of the latter is clearly superior to simple sum M2, Divisia M2, and simple sum M2p (which includes stock and bond mutual funds) over the period 1991--2001. (JEL E41, E52, E58) Copyright 2005, Oxford University Press.
Stress Detection in Automobile Drivers using Physiological Parameters: A Review

In past few decades there is a steep increase in road accidents and loss of life was experienced mainly due to the increase in driver drowsiness, fatigue and mental stress. In order to minimize human error while driving, we can monitor stress and fatigue by measuring physiological parameters like ElectroCardioGram (ECG), ElectroMyoGram (EMG), Skin Conductance (SC) also called as Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) and Respiration Rate (RR) continuously over a period of time. The studies show that in most drivers’ skin conductivity and heart rate parameters are more closely related to drivers stress level. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) primarily depends on emotional responses of the human body to the dynamic surrounding. Further it also controls the smooth muscles, heart muscle and secretion of the glands in human body. As a result of this fact, bio-signal recordings reflecting the operating condition of the physiological systems including the circulatory, respiratory, muscular and endocrine systems can provide useful information representing the dynamics of the internal states in human body. Therefore, it would be expected that the dynamic stress level of an automobile driver can be derived from those recordings.