Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differences between differentiators and cost leaders in market research and internal CRM usage

The Porter strategy types of Differentiation and Cost Leadership are put forward as strategies leading to competitive advantage (Porter 1980). These types have quite contrasting implementation guidelines in terms of human resources, organisational structure, job design decision-making process, control systems, and information systems. These internal contrasts suggest Differentiators and Cost Leaders require contrasting roles for market research and internal CRM systems. Very few studies have explored the contingent role business strategy may have in explaining contrasting roles in marketing information systems or market research. This study involved a cross-industry postal survey of 240 Australian marketing managers. One contribution of this study was to find market research having quite different roles in supporting Marketing (i.e. brand) Differentiators compared to Product (i.e. innovative feature) Differentiators. Surprisingly only one market research role differed when comparing Cost Leaders with Marketing Differentiator strategies. A final contribution was to find that no one strategy having a greater reliance on internal CRM systems in supporting decisionmaking.
Maxicircle CR1 transcripts of Trypanosoma brucei are edited and developmentally regulated and encode a putative iron-sulfur protein homologous to an NADH dehydrogenase subunit

The maxicircle of Trypanosoma brucei encodes components of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system, as do other mitochondrial DNAs, but maxicircle gene identification is complicated by extensive editing of some transcripts. We found that transcripts from the CR1 region were extensively edited, as are other transcripts from maxicircle regions which exhibit strong G versus C strand bias. Editing added 259 uridines and removed 46 uridines to produce an approximately 574-nucleotide mature mRNA. Partially edited cDNAs and potential guide RNAs were also characterized. Initiation and termination codons were created, and they defined an open reading frame encoding a predicted protein of 145 amino acids. This protein contains two iron-sulfur cysteine motifs and is homologous to a subunit of NADH dehydrogenase and to other electron-carrier proteins. Higher levels of both edited and unedited CR1 transcripts accumulated in bloodstream forms of the parasite than in procyclic forms, suggesting developmental regulation of CR1 gene expression.
Suppression of SHP-2 and ERK signalling promotes self-renewal of mouse embryonic stem cells.

The propagation of pluripotent mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells depends on signals transduced through the cytokine receptor subunit gp130. Signalling molecules activated downstream of gp130 in ES cells include STAT3, the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2, and the mitogen-activated protein kinases, ERK1 and ERK2. A chimaeric receptor in which tyrosine 118 in the gp130 cytoplasmic domain was mutated did not engage SHP-2 and failed to activate ERKs. However, this receptor did support ES cell self-renewal. In fact, stem cell colonies formed at 100-fold lower concentrations of cytokine than the unmodified receptor. Moreover, altered ES cell morphology and growth were observed at high cytokine concentrations. These indications of deregulated signalling in the absence of tyrosine 118 were substantiated by sustained activation of STAT3. Confirmation that ERK activation is not required for self-renewal was obtained by propagation of pluripotent ES cells in the presence of the MEK inhibitor PD098059. In fact, the growth of undifferentiated ES cells was enhanced by culture in PD098059. Thus activation of ERKs appears actively to impair self-renewal. These data imply that the self-renewal signal from gp130 is a finely tuned balance of positive and negative effectors.
Osmoregulation of a Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Reductase Gene in Arabidopsis thaliana

In Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. proline can account for up to 20% of the free amino acid pool after salt stress. Proline accumulation occurs in plants mainly by de novo synthesis from glutamate. The last step of the proline biosynthetic pathway is catalyzed by pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) reductase. A gene (AT-P5C1) encoding this enzyme in A. thaliana has been cloned and sequenced. Expression of AT-P5C1 in Escherichia coli resulted in the complementation of a proC mutant to prototrophy. A comparison of the AT-P5C1 primary and secondary structures with those of six P5C reductases of other organisms is presented. With the exception of several functionally important amino acid residues, little conservation in the primary structure is seen; much greater similarity exists in the putative secondary structure. The AT-P5C1 protein is probably cytosolic. Under normal growth conditions, the P5C reductase mRNA level was significantly higher in roots and ripening seeds than in green tissue. A salt treatment of A. thaliana plants resulted in a 5-fold induction of the AT-P5C1 transcript, suggesting osmoregulation of the AT-P5C1 promoter region. Moreover, a time-course experiment indicated that this induction precedes proline accumulation.
Factors Affecting the Choice of Channels

Abstract A study was conducted to find out the important factors that affect a book buyer's choice of two competing channels: online vs. conventional. The results show that the four most important factors that affect consumer's choice of the online channel are: (1) minimize misuse of credit card; (2) minimize fraud; (3) make better purchase choices; and (4) maximize access to information. The only factor that prompts consumers to purchase from the physical bookstore is the ability to “see” the product.
Functional properties and proximate composition of cactus pear cladodes flours Propriedades funcionais e composição centesimal de farinhas dos cladódios de palma forrageira

The objective of this research was to study the functional properties and proximate composition of three different flours prepared from cactus pear cladodes. Immature cactus pear cladodes were dried at 60 °C, 70 °C and 80 °C. The flours were analyzed for chemical composition, amino acid profile, fatty acid composition, functional properties and color. The analyses showed no significant differences in crude protein, total lipid, crude fiber and total ash content in the flours, possibly due to the drying temperature effect. Nevertheless, during the drying at 80 °C, a reduction of the water holding capacity (55%) was observed, along with a reduction of the green color intensity (34%) - characteristic of cactus pear. The heating produced larger concentrations of tyrosine, proline, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid. In the lipids of the flours, the most abundant fatty acids were palmitic acid (C16:0), linoleic acid (C18:2n6), linolenic acid (C18:3n3), and oleic acid (C18:1n9). The cladodes flours prepared at 60 °C presented a higher quality regarding their nutritional and functional properties.
Multiwall carbon nanotube vias: An effective TL model for EMC oriented analysis

The paper presents an effective two-port model of a nano-interconnect constituted by a vertical multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) between two horizontal planes. The new developed model is derived combining the quantum-mechanical effects with the analysis of the EM field radiated from the vertical structure, and can be used to predict the signal integrity of MWCNT vias. EMC oriented analyses are performed in the frequency range up to several tens of gigahertz.
Impact of Dynamic Capabilities on Firm Performance: Moderating Role of Organizational Competencies

This study observes the phenomenon of organizational performance with the lens of dynamic capabilities. This study investigates the impact of dynamic capabilities on organizational performance, taking organizational competencies as moderating variable, focusing on a paper industry at Lahore, Pakistan. The measurement of dynamic capabilities is based on the multi-dimensional construct underlying the four main factors which include i.e. Sensing, Learning, strong coordination, and competitive response to the rivals. This will lead to explore relationship of dynamic capabilities with organizational performance. Empirical research posits that dynamic capabilities have a direct impact on the organizational performance of the firm. It also proves that organizational competencies have positive moderating role in relationship of organizational performance and dynamic capabilities. This suggests that the direct relationship between dynamic capabilities and performance is insignificant.
Processing of the herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein gG-2 results in secretion of a 34,000-Mr cleavage product

Herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein gG-2 undergoes a cleavage event during its synthesis and processing. The focus of this report is on the detection and fate of the small-molecular-weight component of gG-2, designated the 34K component. In cultures containing the inhibitor monensin, a 31K component accumulated within infected cells. In contrast, the intracellular accumulation of this 31K precursor was not detected in cultures grown in the absence of the inhibitor. However, the 34K component of gG-2 was found in the extracellular culture fluid. The data suggest that the 31K high-mannose cleavage product of gG-2 is further glycosylated and rapidly secreted from herpes simplex virus type 2-infected cells; however, if glycosylation is perturbed, the 31K high-mannose form remains cell associated.
Alternative Adaptive Immunity in Jawless Vertebrates

Jawless vertebrates use variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) that are generated by RAG-independent combinatorial assembly of leucine-rich repeat cassettes for Ag recognition, instead of the Ig-based Ag receptors used by jawed vertebrates. The VLR genes encode for crescent-shaped proteins that use variable β-strands and a C-terminal loop to bind to Ags rather than the six CDR loops used by BCRs and TCRs. VLR mAbs have been isolated recently, which enabled the structure of VLR–Ag complexes to be defined. The jawless vertebrate adaptive immune system has many similarities to the Ig-based system of jawed vertebrates, including the compartmentalized development of B-like and T-like lymphocyte lineages that proliferate and differentiate into VLR-secreting plasmacytes and proinflammatory cytokine-producing cells in response to Ags. The definition of common features of the VLR-based and Ig-based systems offers fresh insight into the evolution of adaptive immunity.
Symmetry allowed, but unobservable, phases in renormalizable Gauge Field Theory Models

In Quantum Field Theory models with spontaneously broken gauge invariance, renormalizability limits to four the degree of the Higgs potential, whose minima determine the vacuum state at tree-level. In many models, this bound has the intriguing consequence of preventing the observability, at tree-level, of some phases that would be allowed by symmetry. We show that, generally, the phenomenon persists also if one-loop radiative corrections are taken into account. The tree-level unobservability of some phases is characteristic in two-Higgs-doublet extensions of the Standard Model with additional discrete symmetries (to protect against neutral current flavor changing effects, for instance). We show that an extension of the scalar sector through suitable singlet fields can resolve the {\em unnatural} limitations on the observability of all the phases allowed by symmetry.
The Mobile Marketing Handbook: A Step-by-Step Guide to Creating Dynamic Mobile Marketing Campaigns

Focusing on a concept that is rapidly integrating into the daily lives of consumers - locally, nationally, and globally - this handbook presents a detailed examination of mobile marketing. Based on 20 years of experience in the field, this reference proves that this cost-effective strategy can be used successfully by businesses of any size. Beginning with a simple test to determine a firm's readiness to go mobile, this guide also includes preliminary questions, an accessible program for creating a dynamic campaign, advice on how to avoid making common mistakes, and the most current online resources for mobile marketers. With easy-to-follow tips on building stronger consumer relationships and strategies such as text messaging and social networking, this resource will help any company put their message in the palms of customers' hands.
Phase I dose-escalation study of LCL161, an oral inhibitor of apoptosis proteins inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumors.

PURPOSE LCL161 antagonizes the function of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), thereby promoting cancer cell death. This first-in-human dose-escalation study assessed the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of LCL161 in patients with advanced solid tumors. A second part of the study assessed the relative bioavailability of a tablet versus solution formulation. PATIENTS AND METHODS LCL161 was administered orally, once weekly, on a 21-day cycle to adult patients with advanced solid tumors by using an adaptive Bayesian logistic regression model with overdose control-guided dose escalation. RESULTS Fifty-three patients received at least one dose of LCL161 (dose range, 10 to 3,000 mg). LCL161 was well tolerated at doses up to 1,800 mg. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) was the only dose-limiting toxicity (in three [6%] of 53 patients) and was the most common grades 3 to 4 event (in five [9%] of 53 patients). Vomiting, nausea, asthenia/fatigue, and anorexia were common but not severe. Although the MTD was not formally determined, an 1,800-mg dose was selected in compliance with the protocol for additional study, given the dose-limiting CRS at higher doses and pharmacodynamic activity at lower doses. LCL161 was rapidly absorbed, and exposure was generally increased with dose. The tablet formulation of LCL161 was better tolerated than the solution; tablet and solution formulations had similar exposures, and the solution was discontinued. No patient had an objective response. LCL161 induced degradation of cellular IAP1 protein in the blood, skin, and tumor and increased circulating cytokine levels. CONCLUSION The 1,800-mg dose of LCL161, administered as a single agent once weekly, in tablet formulation is the recommended dose for additional study. This combined dose and formulation was well tolerated and had significant pharmacodynamic activity, which warrants additional investigation.
Professionalism apparent from South African internal audit functions' use of the Standards

When stakeholders perceive that members of a profession do not live up to their professional obligations, the profession loses prestige. Professions use various measures, including professional standards, disciplinary processes and dedicated quality assurance standards to remain relevant to their clients and to the greater business community. The internal audit profession often expresses a desire to improve its standing as a profession. This paper asserts that members' compliance with professional standards, including those on quality assurance, impacts on the internal audit profession's standing. Firstly, this paper provides a theoretical overview of the link between professional standards and professionalisation, and secondly, describes aspects of the current use of professional standards by South African internal audit functions. The data used was collected by the Institute of Internal Auditors Research Foundation as part of its 2010 Common Body of Knowledge study. A large percentage of South African chief audit executives responded, reporting that their internal audit functions did not comply fully with professional standards, while of those who did report full compliance, only a minority reported having implemented a quality assurance and improvement programme, and only a small number reported having had external quality assurance reviews. This paper contributes to corporate governance literature in a developing country setting and it provides insights into possible reasons why the internal audit profession's quest for professionalisation remains a challenge.
A Study of Strategic Alliance Research on Culture Factors Affecting-For the Focus of Liner shipping

The culture is a criteria of behavior and judgement for the member of the society and it also affects strategic alliance. The fail of strategic alliance between lines is affected more culture factors than financial factors and sales factors. Due to cultural factors impact on the strategic alliance partner for the failure of the most overlooked result of cultural differences so than most other factors, cultural factors should be considered for the first. Openness to cultural understanding and our partners, strategic alliances, consider the satisfaction of the members to perform successfully, can lead to strategic alliances.
Enteral administration of hematopoietic growth factors in the neonatal intensive care unit

By 20 wk of gestation, the human fetal gastrointestinal (GI) tract morphologically resembles that of the term infant, but functional development is limited before 26 wk. By 30 wk of gestation, the fetus has the capacity for limited digestion and enteral absorption. GI growth and development continue postnatally. Trophic factors, including nutrients, peptides, hormones and growth factors, are recognized as having important influences on the morphology and histology of the developing GI tract. Other trophic factors are important in adaptation and repair following injury. Many such factors are provided in utero via amniotic fluid swallowing and later by human colostrum and milk.
Evaluation of Toll-Free Policy on Major Holidays in China

Currently most of the intercity-highways are tolled in China. In order to stimulate the holiday economy, the Chinese government proposed the toll-free policy for small passenger cars on the major holidays since October 2012. This study evaluates the effects of the toll-free policy on the economy stimulation and the impacts on the highway traffic and toll stations based on the collected traffic counts data and other related data in Shanghai. The results show that the toll-free policy did stimulate the holiday economy by encouraging more people travel to on the highways. However, it also caused severe traffic problems, including more vehicle accidents and traffic jams especially at toll stations. At last, the authors also discussed the possibility for balancing the economic stimulus and highway capacity constraint based on optimal highway toll strategies. The results may benefit policy makers for the optimal toll-free policy later in China and other cities with similar conditions.
Cicca acida L.: phytochemistry and pharmacological studies

Cicca acida L. , is reported with traditional and pharmacological uses, and a good number of pure compounds have been isolated from its different parts. But published information is sporadic and fragmentary in nature. Therefore, it is imperative to have a comprehensive account of all of its medicinal potentialities with critical analysis. In this review, the traditional reports, phytochemical and pharmacology studies associated with Cicca acida have been compiled to figure out the net possibilities for its application in modern medicine.
Ethics and the Use of Sensor Network Monitoring in an Art Setting

This paper deals with the use of sensors at a museum or art exhibition. Privacy issues are considered by surveying the public about their opinion and by using previous conclusions from related work. Using previous works in this field and the state of the art, three possible uses for sensor networks in museums are proposed: analyzing visitor movements, an advanced security system and an interactive installation. The privacy implications for these examples are analyzed, using general properties of such a system: Resolution, personal identifiability, utility, relevance, pervasiveness, property and retention time. Visitors considered being personally identifiable the biggest breach of their privacy. There’s a lot of potential for interative installations in museums. Museums, artists and visitors all consider these interesting. These installations can be designed to not store any captured images, so privacy isn’t breached.
Board Turnover, Director Characteristics and Audit Fees

Two competing theories correlate board characteristics and audit fees. The Audit-Risk Perspective suggests that there is a negative relationship between the quality of corporate governance and audit fees while, contrarily, the Demand-Based Perspective posits a positive relationship between these two variables. In this paper, I reexamine the relationship between corporate board characteristics and audit fees by analyzing whether auditors adjust their fees in response to board turnover. If the departure of an effective director reduces the quality of corporate governance, a change in the audit fees should be observed. I show that when the variables are individually included in the regressions, audit fees significantly go down only when an independent director or a female director leaves. The departure of other board members has no impact on audit fees. When both of these variables (independence and gender) are included in the model, a significant decrease in audit fees is observed only when an independent director leaves. On the basis of my analysis, I conclude that the Demand-Based Perspective is correct and that director independence is the most significant variable for explaining the changes in audit fees following a change in corporate board membership.
ONLINE CONSUMER AWARENESS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS

Intellectual property can be characterised as the property in ideas or their expression. The rights granted to the creator of this property are called intellectual property rights. Its protection is necessary to provide incentives and financing for innovation and creation, which in turn leads to economic, cultural and social progress. Increasing use of internet has provided a distinct marketplace to the business. However, increase in electronic commerce also raises concerns of misuse of intellectual property. Copyright, trademarks, patents, database rights, trade secrets and performance rights are the most relevant rights that may apply to digital content. The users of internet are many, ranging from school goers to retired people. They are downloading loads of applications disregarding the legalities involved. Despite the efforts of companies and trade associations to stop counterfeiting and piracy, the problem is swelling at a faster rate than ever. Before putting a stop to this, first of all, it is required that people are made aware of intellectual properties. This paper measures level of awareness of internet users with respect to intellectual property on internet. The sample consisted of college and University students who use internet frequently. Chi square test of dependence was used to association between level of education and awareness of Intellectual Property Rights. The results exhibited a low level of awareness of intellectual property among the respondents. The concepts of patents and copyright were found to be vaguely understood by respondents. Measures to check online intellectual property violations have been suggested in concluding remarks.
Observations on the Cattle Cycle

Among all economic cycles that alternately bring cheer and despair to their participants and continuously challenge the ingenuity of analysts, none presents so rhythmic a pattern as does the cycle in cattle numbers. Many studies of the cattle cycle have been attempted but few published. This article sums up previous research and adds new interpretative analysis.