Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Operational Optimization and Mass Balances in a Two-Stage MBR Treating High Strength Pet Food Wastewater

A two-stage membrane bioreactor (MBR) system was evaluated for the treatment of high strength pet food wastewater characterized by oil and grease, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD )5 , total suspended solids (TSS), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), NH4 –N , and TP concentrations of 2,800, 25,000, 10,000, 4,500, 1,650, 1,300, and 370 mg∕L , respectively, to meet stringent surface discharge criteria of BOD5 , TSS, and NH4 –N of <10 mg∕L , and TP of <1 mg∕L . Pretreatment of the dissolved air flotation effluent with FeCl3 at a dose of 3.5 g∕L , corresponding to a Fe:P molar ratio of 1.3:1 affected TP, TSS, volatile suspended solids (VSS), COD, BOD5 , and TKN reductions of 88, 72, 75, 11, 11, 36, and 17%, respectively. The two-stage MBR operating at a total hydraulic retention time of 5.3 days comprising 2.5 days in the first stage and 2.8 days in the second stage, and solids retention time of 25 days in the first stage consistently met the criteria despite wide variations in influent.
Electrochemical Characterization of Carbon and Weathering Steels Corrosion Products to Determine the Protective Ability Using Carbon Paste Electrode (CPE)

The electrochemistry of the corrosion products formed from carbon and weathering steel during four years of atmospheric exposure were investigated using a carbon paste electrode (CPE) by cyclic and square wave voltammetry. The iron rust products with crystalline nature were identified from their standard formal potential. The corrosion protection ability of the rust layers were determined by polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies using CPE. ATR-FTIR, SEM and XRD studies were employed to identify the composition and morphology of the corrosion products which supports SWV results. Results showed that the weathering steel has higher corrosion resistance than the carbon steel.
Design and Synthesis of Dual Thermoresponsive and Antifouling Hybrid Polymer/Gold Nanoparticles

A series of thermosensitive copoly(oligoethylene oxide) acrylates with narrow polydispersities were prepared by the copolymerization of oligo(ethylene oxide) acrylate and di(ethylene oxide) ethyl ether acrylate using reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT). These copolymers exhibit tunable LCST behavior over the range of 15−90 °C dependent on their monomer compositions. Subsequently, these copolymers were grafted onto gold nanoparticle (GNP) surfaces yielding thermosensitive gold nanoparticles. The thermoresponsive properties of these hybrid GNPs/poly(OEG-A-co-DEG-A) nanoparticles were evaluated in solution using dynamic light scattering and UV−vis spectroscopy. In addition, the susceptibility of these GNPs to protein fouling was assessed by a Bradford’s assay and found to be significantly reduced by the copolymer stabilizing layer. We also demonstrate, in a unique one-pot assembly process, the synthesis of a hybrid nanoparticle that shows dual temperature responsiveness. Th.
Coherence transfer in nuclear magnetic resonance by selective homonuclear Hartmann-Hahn correlation spectroscopy

New NMR techniques are described for transferring transverse magnetization between scalar-coupled nuclei in the rotating frame. The methods involve simultaneous spin-locking of two selected spins A and X, using cosinusoidal modulation of the radio frequency (rf) carrier. If transverse magnetization of spin A is excited selectively before spin-locking, for example with a self-refocusing 270 Deg Gaussian pulse, in-phase magnetization will be transferred from spin A to spin X, and in-phase multiplets are obtained in both one- and two-dimensional spectra. The method allows one to verify whether two particular spins are connected by a scalar coupling. Examples are shown for peptides and basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI). The fine structure of the multiplets yields information on couplings to further spins. In contrast to nonselective spin-lock expts. , the magnetization cannot diffuse to a manifold of coupling partners. If relayed coherence transfer is to be achieved deliberately, several spins may be locked simultaneously by imposing an addnl. modulation on the rf carrier. [on SciFinder (R)]
From South to North: flowering phenological responses at different geographical latitudes in 12 European countries

(1) Department of Plant Systematics, Ecology and Theoretical Biology, Eötvös Loránd University; H-1117, Budapest, Hungary (szabo.barbara@okologia.mta.hu), (2) Centre for Ecological Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences; H-2163, Vácrátót, Hungary, (3) Department of Meteorology, Eötvös Loránd University; H-1117, Budapest, Hungary, (4) Department of Statistics and Probability Theory, University of Technology; 1040 Vienna, Austria, (5) Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences; H-1525, Budapest, Hungary
Growth Orientation of Women and Men Owners of Micro Firms in the Pomeranian Region

Background. Despite the fact that research on women’s entrepreneurship has been conducted for many years, still many clear answers to questions about the differences between entrepreneurs of both genders are missing. One of the unresolved issues is the performance of women in entrepreneurship. Research aims. The aim of the study is to investigate the growth orientation of microenterprises operating in the Pomeranian region in Poland and to compare its level according to the gender of the owner. Methodology. An index of entrepreneurs’ growth orientation was developed. This index, being a determinant of the company’s growth potential, was based on five indicators: goals and plans of the entrepreneur, innovative activities, investment, and activity in finding sources of funding. The data was gathered by a face to face survey, based on a questionnaire, among microfirm owners from the Pomeranian region – Poland, in 2009 and 2012. Key findings. The analysis of growth orientation of women and men, pointed out that the first showed a lower indicator of it, however again the general conclusions are not so clear.
Detailed Modeling of PAH Profiles in a Sooting Low-Pressure Acetylene Flame

Abstract A detailed modeling study of the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a burner-stabilized low-pressure sooting 23.6 % C2 H2-21.4% 02-Ar flame of Bockhorn and co-workers is reported. The model predicts the correct orders of magnitude and relative appearances of the concentration peaks, but overstates the decline of the species concentrations in the post-flame zone. Imprecise knowledge of the thermochemical data and unknown details of the oxidation of hydrocarbon radicals are the reasons identifed for the latter. The main reaction pathways for cyclization and growth of polycyclic aromatics and the results of the sensitivity tests are in close agreement with those of the previous modeling study of acetylene oxidation under shock-tube conditions. An additional factor that is important in the. flame environment is the diffusion of hydrogen atoms from the main reaction zone into a cooler preflame region
In-situ Monitoring of Alkane-Alkane Guest Exchange in Urea Inclusion Compounds using Confocal Raman Microspectrometry

The occurrence of alkane-alkane guest exchange within the one-dimensional channels of the urea host structure in alkane/urea inclusion compounds is demonstrated using confocal Raman microspectrometry. With appropriate deuteration of one of the alkane guest components, this technique represents a powerful strategy for in situ characterization of the alkane-alkane guest exchange process.
Mechanical Properties and Dislocation Dynamics in III-V Compounds

The dynamic activities of dislocations and the mechanical properties of various III-V compound semiconductors with a sphalerite structure are reviewed, including current results. Macroscopic stress-strain characteristics and yield strength are described quantitatively in terms of dislocation dynamics on the basis of knowledge of the dynamic behaviour of individual dislocations in these compounds. Various impurities in the compounds affect the mechanical strength through two kinds of effects on individual dislocations: one is the modification of dislocation mobility in glide motion and the other is the immobilization of dislocations. The velocities of rate controlling dislocations during deformation are deduced from analysis of the dynamic state of dislocations.
Effects of the crosslinking agent and diluents on bead properties of styrene–divinylbenzene copolymers

Styrene–divinylbenzene copolymer beads were synthesized by radical suspension polymerization. Effects of the divinylbenzene concentration and composition of the toluene/heptane diluent were studied regarding the polymer bead formation, surface morphology, solvent swelling ratio, and glass transition temperature. The crosslinking density and diluent composition were responsible for solvent swelling. Interaction between the polymer and the diluents is attributed to phase separation, which controls the formation of a network-type or pore-type polymer, or a combination. For an optimum bead swelling in toluene, a combined morphology of more flexible polymer networks and a small amount of pores is essential for the desired absorption–desorption behavior. This article also combines several current findings with work presented elsewhere to explain the bead formation phenomenon. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 654–669, 2002
Pattern transfer by dry etching through stencil masks

Anisotropic profiles and linewidths as small as 60 nm have been controllably achieved using pattern transfer by dry etching through stencil masks. This technique eliminates the conventional polymer resist and lithographic steps and could be useful in obtaining precisely reproducible submicrometer linewidths without variation due to run‐to‐run variability in resist processing. The stencil masks used in this study were 1‐μm‐thick SiNx membranes with transmission openings and are similar to those used for masked ion beam lithography. The dry etching techniques consisted of reactive ion etching, ion beam assisted etching, and hot jet etching. The profile and linewidth control depend on the divergence of the ion or reactive flux and the gap between the stencil mask and the sample.
Electrokinetics: insights from simulation on the microscopic scale

Electrokinetic effects, i.e. the coupled hydrodynamic and electric phenomena which occur near charged interfaces, constitute a challenge to theorists due to the variety of length and time scales involved. We discuss recent advances in the modelling of these phenomena, emphasising the interplay between the molecular specificity and the collective induced flows that emerge. We discuss the complementary simulation methodologies that have been developed either to focus on the molecular aspects of electrokinetics or on their effective properties on larger scales, as well as the proposed hybrid schemes that can incorporate both aspects. We highlight the insights that molecular studies have brought on the nature of interfacial charges and their implications for kinetic phenomena in confined fluids and also discuss advances in a number of relevant contexts.
Participación de las proteínas con dominios DC1 codificadas por los genes At2g44370 y At2g17740 en la gametogénesis y en la respuesta de defensa a patógenos en plantas

Fil: Arias, Leonardo Agustin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biologicas. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Biologicas; Argentina
Chemical-Electrochemical Approaches to the Study Passivation of Chalcopyrite

Chalcopyrite passivation phenomenon drastically slows the copper extraction rate in hydrometallurgical processes; currently, scientists have reached an apparent consensus about the causes of this phenomenon. A great deal of information on this subject can be found in the literature, but there are also abundant differences in the experimental conditions applied and contradictions in the conclusions reached, making it difficult to obtain a global and structured view of the real advances in the research. This paper comprises an ordered classification of the available information regarding the unresolved and the often-ignored issues addresses by electrochemistry and surface analysis techniques.
The lattice-dimensions of zinc oxide

The lattice-dimensions of pure zinc oxide condensed from the smoke have been determined to a high degree of accuracy by means of X-ray powder photographs. Bradley and Jay's lattice-dimensions of quartz and Siegbahn's X-ray wave-lengths being accepted as standards, the lattice-dimensions of zinc oxide are found to be: a0 = 3.24265 ± 0.0001, c0 = 5.1948 ± 0.0003, Axial ratio c0a0 = 1.60200 ± 0.0001, all at 18° C. Both the lattice-dimensions themselves and the axial ratio are lower than Finch and Wilman's electro-diffraction values which are based on the X-ray lattice-dimension of gold, by amounts larger than the combined errors of both methods. There are thus real discrepancies, which are of the order of ½ to 1 per cent. In view of these discrepancies, Finch and Wilman's assumption that the apparent lattice-dimension of gold is the same for 40-60 kV. electrons as for X-rays may not be correct. The discrepancies therefore represent the combined possible discrepancies shown by gold and zinc oxide. This does not apply to the axial ratio, which is independent of any reference substance. The difference between the axial ratios determined by electrons and by X-rays appears to point to a real difference in axial ratio between the surface and the interior of zinc oxide crystals.
Teaching at Its Best: A Research-Based Resource for College Instructors

Teaching at its Best: A Research-Based Resource for Coliege Instructors (3rd ed.), by Linda B. Nilson. San Francisco, CA: JosseyBass, 2010, vii-375pp. $40.00 Reviewed by Suzann Spaniel Teaching at its Best is a comprehensive detailed source of relevant and current information for 21st century college educators. Nilson organized her book in a logical six-part sequence that allows readers to make connections among essential components of effective college teaching. Beginning with her preface and continuing throughout her book, Nilson' s voice motivates and encourages college instructors to implement the processes, strategies, and teaching tools that she provided. The research-based contents of the book emphasize that the purpose of teaching is to provide students with meaningful learning opportunities. Part One, "Laying the Groundwork for Student Learning," includes detailed support for college instructors as they design learner-centered courses and prepare to meet students for the first time. Technical and pertinent instruction to help educators understand the inner-workings of college teaching can be found in Part Two, "Managing Your Courses. " The next two parts of the text, "Choosing and Using the Right Tools for Teaching and Learning 101" and "More Tools: Teaching Real-World Problem Solving," help readers to choose and to implement teaching methods that best match desired learning outcomes. Among the teaching methods that Nilson explained in great depth are effective lectures, discussions, questioning techniques, experiential learning activities, group learning opportunities, writing-to-learn assignments, inquiry-guided learning, case method, problem-based learning, and problem solving opportunities. The first two chapters of Part Five, "Making Learning Easier," provide tools for enhancing student learning, including motivating students to complete and to comprehend reading assignments, to learn to write at a college level, to be able to transfer their writing abilities to their futures, and to think critically using discipline-specific metacognitive models. In the remaining three chapters, Part Five focuses on how instructors can accommodate different learning styles and incorporate technology within their classrooms. "Assessing Learning Outcomes" is the focus and title of Part Six, which provides extremely useful tips for using formative feedback, constructing summative assessments, preparing students to take tests successfully, determining and improving the quality of grading procedures, and measuring and enhancing teaching effectiveness. Nilson concluded the book with an insightful appendix, "Instructional Support and Resources at Your Institution," and an extensive reference list, helping to make her book an effective contribution to the scholarship of teaching. Complementary to McKeachie's Teaching Tips (McKeachie & Svinicki, 2011), Dr. Nilson's book is among the most valuable resources available to college instructors, providing a rich scope and an in-depth perspective of 21st-century college teaching. …
Bias dependence and electrical breakdown of small diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes

The electronic breakdown and the bias dependence of the conductance have been investigated for a large number of catalytic chemical vapor deposition grown single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with very small diameters. The convenient fabrication of thousands of properly contacted SWCNTs was possible by growth on electrode structures and subsequent electroless palladium deposition. Almost all of the measured SWCNTs showed at least weak gate dependence at room temperature. Large differences in the conductance and breakdown behavior have been found for “normal” semiconducting SWCNTs and small band-gap semiconducting SWCNTs.
Magnesium Deposition and Dissolution Processes in Ethereal Grignard Salt Solutions Using Simultaneous EQCM‐EIS and In Situ FTIR Spectroscopy

Magnesium deposition and dissolution processes in ethereal Grignard salt solutions using tetrahydrofuran as the solvent and Grignard salt which included , , and (R = methyl, ethyl, butyl, or benzyl) are reported. dissolution and deposition in these solutions are basically reversible with an overall mass balance close to zero for complete cycles. In prolonged deposition processes, the mass accumulated per mole of electron transferred was similar to , the equivalent weight of magnesium. However, deposition‐dissolution is not a simple two‐electron process, but involves adsorption‐desorption processes of species such as and/or . These adsorption processes lead the electrodes to devel p high impedance upon storage in these solutions (up to hundreds of thousands of ). However, this passivation is not stable, and breaks down as the electrochemical processes proceed. ©2000 The Electrochemical Society
Structural Relationship between Calcite–Gelatine Composites and Biogenic (Human) Otoconia

Biogenic otoconia (ear dust) are composite materials of calcite with about 2 wt. -% proteins showing an average longitudinal size of about 10 μm. The tiny biomineral particles are situated in the inner ear (in the maculae) and act as sensors for gravity and linear acceleration. Our comparative study of calcite–gelatine composites (grown by double diffusion) and human otoconia is based on decalcification experiments, scanning electron microscopy, TEM and X-ray investigations in order to obtain a complete picture of the 3D structure and morphogenesis of the materials. Otoconia as calcite–protein composites display a cylindrical body with terminal rhombohedral faces intersecting at the pointed ends. As evidenced by TEM on focused ion beam cuts, both the artificial composites and human otoconia show a particular distribution of areas with different volume densities leading to a dumbbell-shape of the more dense parts consisting of rhombohedral branches (with end faces) and a less ordered, less dense area (the belly region). The peculiar inner architecture of otoconia with its dumbbell-shaped mass/density distribution is assumed to be necessary for optimal sensing of linear accelerations.
Thermal Program Desorption Mass Spectrometry of PAHs from Mineral and Organic Surfaces

This research investigated the release of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from spiked materials using thermal desorption mass spectrometry. Experimental methods were developed to obtain real-time PAH desorption data through use of a thermal program desorption probe. Data analysis techniques were investigated to explore the thermal desorption profiles of milligram-size samples. Peak temperatures of desorption were observed to vary among PAHs and among sorbents. For the same absorbent, peak temperatures increased with an increase of PAH molecular weights. For the same PAH, peak temperatures increased as the sorbent varied from sand to alumina to XAD-4 to kaolin. These results have been interpreted in terms of a combined model that include both an activation energy and a desorption/volatilization rate coefficient.
Effect of Salicylic Acid upon Trace-Metal Sorption (CdII, ZnII, CoII, and MnII) onto Alumina, Silica, and Kaolinite as a Function of pH

The sorption of four trace metals (CdII, ZnII, CoII, and MnII) onto alumina, silica, and kaolinite, in the presence or absence of salicylic acid (as well as the salicylic acid sorption), was investigated in batch experiments in the pH range from 4 to 9. The sorption was interpreted in terms of surface complexation using the diffuse layer model (DLM). Equilibrium parameters were optimized using the FITEQL program. The salicylic acid was only significantly sorbed onto the alumina and the sorption was modeled using the anionic monodentate surface complex. In the absence of salicylic acid, the sorption of the trace metals presented different pH edge behaviors, depending on the substrate. Using the cationic monodentate surface complex, the model fitted the experimental data well. In the presence of salicylic acid, at a given pH and depending on the substrate, the sorption of metals was (i) increased, suggesting the occurrence of ternary complexes; (ii) reduced (sometimes totally inhibited), due to the complexa.
EVALUATION OF FINDINGS IN CHILDREN WITH SICKLE CELL ANAEMIA USING TRANSCRANIAL DOPPLER ULTRASOUND IN SICKLE-CELL FOUNDATION CENTRE, LAGOS

Background: Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is the most common genetic cause of illness and death in the world, with Africa bearing the highest burden. Trans-cranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) which is different from transfontanelle ultrasound, was used to measure mean flow velocities in the large intra-cranial arteries. It is a readily available, economical, reliable, non invasive method of imaging and has been shown to predict risk of stroke when cerebral blood flow velocity> 200cm/s. Aim & Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the common findings in TCD in children with Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA) in this environment, the associated various risk factors and to identify the high risk patients who are likely to have primary stroke. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 200 children with SCA, without a known history of stroke, at the Sickle Cell Foundation Nigeria, Lagos over a period of 6 months. A TCD machine - DWL Doppler box (Scan Med) s/n DB-0563, p/n 301748 ® manufactured in Germany and equipped with a 2MHz transducer probe was used to measure the cerebral blood flow (CBFv) in internal carotid artery (ICA), middle cerebral artery (MCA) and 8 anterior cerebral artery (ACA). Measurements were entered into the data sheet and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science Software (SPSS) version 20. Results showed that the 5-8years age group constituted 43.5% of those screened, 25% was under 4 years of age, 24% were 9-12 years and 7.5% were 13-16 years. Females were 56.5% while 43.5% were males. They were grouped according to CBFv in the analyzed vessels. The standard risk (CBFv 200cm/s) was 3.5%. Conclusion: Significant correlation was noted between haematocrit and Time Averaged Mean of the Maximum Velocity (TAMMV), with a p-value of 0.045, white blood cell and TAMMV (p- value of 0.032) and dactylitis and TAMMV (p-value of 0.007). Also a significant negative correlation was shown between children below 4years and dactylitis (p-value 0.026).