Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
IMAGE COMPRESSION BY EZW COMBINING HUFFMAN AND ARITHMETIC ENCODER

The objective of an image compression algorithm is to exploit the redundancy in an image such that a smaller number of bits can be used to represent the image while maintaining an “acceptable” visual quality for the decompressed image. The embedded zero tree wavelet algorithms (EZW) is a simple, yet remarkably effective, image compression algorithm, having the property that the bits in the bit stream are generated in order of importance, yielding a fully embedded code. EZW is computationally very fast and among the best image compression algorithm known today. This paper proposes a technique for image compression which uses the Wavelet-based Image Coding in combination with Huffman and Arithmetic encoder for further compression. Implementation of Huffman coding followed by arithmetic compression gives another 15% extra compression ratio.
Neuro chips with on-chip back-propagation and/or Hebbian learning

A layered neural net realized with two chips is described. One chip implements 24*24 synapses, a local weight control mechanism, and quantized +or-1 LSB, both momentum and weight update schemes. The other contains 24 neurons, implementing not only backward propagation (BP) but Hebbian learning, with 200-pF drive capability. Some experimental chip characteristics verifying the implemented techniques are given. >
Reverse link capacity for cdma2000

cdma2000 is a standard for the third generation mobile phones. It is currently being deployed in the US, and provides higher capacity for voice users, while maintaining complete backward compatibility with existing IS-95 cellular systems. It can also provide enhanced data services. This paper addresses the reverse link capacity of cdma2000 for voice users. The capacity results for IS-95B and cdma2000 are compared. They demonstrate the benefits of the cdma2000 system, as it is able to support more users. The analysis can easily be extended for data traffic, or mixed voice and data services.
Computer-mediated communication (CMC) in L2 oral proficiency development: A meta-analysis

Abstract The ever growing interest in the development of foreign or second (L2) oral proficiency in a computer-mediated communication (CMC) classroom has resulted in a large body of studies looking at both the direct and indirect effects of CMC interventions on the acquisition of oral competences. The present study employed a quantitative meta-analytic approach to investigate such effects by synthesizing (quasi)experimental studies that provide empirical quantitative data for effect size calculation. A literature search located 25 relevant studies for the final analysis. Each study was independently coded for learner, design and publication characteristics. The averaged effect size was estimated from the included studies. The results of the meta-analysis reveal that communication mediated by computer/technologies produced a moderate positive effect on L2 learners’ oral proficiency compared to face-to-face (F2F) communication or no interaction. Furthermore, CMC has roughly similar effect on pronunciation, lexical and syntactic level of oral production; however, it might have a negative impact on fluency and accuracy. This meta-analysis also found that the effect of CMC on oral proficiency depends on several methodological factors such as task type, outcome measurement, treatment length, and assessment task. Major findings of the current meta-analysis include: (1) studies relying on elicited data are superior to those utilizing naturalistic data; (2) reading aloud seems to be the task that could elicit the best oral performance from students; (3) surprisingly, CMC appeared to be harmful for accuracy and fluency; (4) studies that employed decision-making generated the largest effect size, followed by studies that used more than one task type; (5) among the four tasks, jigsaw actually generated a negative effect on oral performance; and (6) as the most popular task employed by primary researchers, opinion-exchange studies produced the smallest effect size. These findings need to be interpreted as exploratory rather than confirmatory since each of them became less trustworthy after taking into consideration numerous other factors such as CMC task and the particular CMC tool used, etc. Future research suggestions are provided and the limitations of this meta-analysis are addressed.
Nadine-a feedforward neural network for arbitrary nonlinear time series

It is shown that Madaline networks applied to the modeling of time series realize a constrained Volterra series because of the fixed nature of the nonlinearity. The authors introduce a novel feedforward structure, named Nadine, that can model arbitrary Volterra series and hence arbitrary, analytic nonlinearities with memory. Nadine can be realized using layers of adaptive linear combiners in which the outputs of one layer are used as the weights rather than the activities of the next layer. This structure admits local adaptation of the linear combiners, making it possible to implement backpropagation-style learning without actually propagating adaptation information between the layers. Nadine is therefore very modular, easy to implement, and readily extendible. High-order neural networks and polynomial discriminant-based methods are the special cases of Nadine which can now be implemented modularly without involving preprocessing. <<ETX>>
Unknown Input Observer for a Doubly Fed Induction Generator Subject to Disturbances

This paper deals with the problem design of an unknown input observer (UIO) for a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) subject to disturbances. These disturbances can be considered as unknown inputs (UI). The state space model of the DFIG is obtained from the voltage equations of the stator and rotor. Then, this latter is used for the design of an unknown input observer (UIO) in order to estimate both the state and the unknown inputs of the DFIG. Furthermore, the UIO gains are computed by solving a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Simulations results are given to show the performance and the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Multiwindow Post-Doppler Space-Time Adaptive Processing

Advanced airborne radars must perform target detection in the presence of interference and heavy clutter, Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) refers to a class of adaptive filtering techniques that simultaneously rocess the spatial signals from an antenna . array and d e temporal signals from multiple pulses an order to suppress both jammin and clutter. A reduceddimension suboptimum STh' architecture utilizing multi le dop ler filter banks on each element is suggestel Digrent methods for choosing the doppler filters are considered and a condition which yields minimum clutter r a d is derived. PRI-staggered postdop ler meets the condition and rovides both ezcellent per6rmance with few degrees orfreedom and the abili t y to maintain low adapted doppler sadelobes. Adjacent bin post-doppler re uires more de rees of freedom when low doppler sidelo%es are desire!
ESCANEAMENTO DIGITAL E PROTOTIPAGEM 3D PARA CONFECÇÃO DE LAMINADOS CERÂMICOS: RELATO DE CASO CLÍNICO

Lentes de contato dentais podem ser uma excelente opção para correção de cor, forma, tamanho e posicionamento dental. Entretanto é um tratamento que requer várias etapas laboratoriais com riscos de distorções nas etapas de moldagem e vazamento do modelo. Desta forma, desadaptações dos laminados em boca podem ser frequentes. Objetivo: relatar um caso clínico de nove laminados cerâmicos em que foi empregado o escaneamento digital, troquelização virtual e prototipagem do modelo em 3D. Método: paciente do gênero feminino, 59 anos, buscou atendimento odontológico queixando-se de desproporcionalidade dentária ao sorrir. Ao exame clínico foi observada uma inclinação maxilar que causava aquela desarmonia. Foi proposta a confecção de laminados cerâmicos para compensar a discrepância óssea bem como melhorar forma, contorno e cromia dentária. Após planejamento digital, confecção do enceramento diagnóstico, mock up, e aceita do planejamento por parte da paciente, iniciaram-se os preparos dentários. Finalizada esta etapa, os dentes foram escaneados (Trios 3Shape), troquelizados e prototipados em impressora 3D. O modelo foi encaminhado ao laboratório que confeccionou as peças protéticas em dissilicato de lítio de forma injetada e maquiada. Por fim, foram realizadas as provas secas, úmidas, ajustes necessários e cimentação dos laminados com cimento resinoso fotopolimerizável. Conclusão: a tecnologia empregada se mostrou eficiente na resolução do caso, sendo uma técnica rápida, que causou pouco desconforto à paciente e oportunizou uma boa adaptação dos laminados cerâmicos.
Clock verification in the presence of IR-drop in the power distribution network

Clock nets are the most important circuits in high-speed digital systems. The design of clock circuitry and the quality of the clock signal directly impacts the performance of a VLSI chip. Clock verification requires high accuracy and is typically performed using circuit simulators. In high-performance deep-submicron digital circuits, clocks are running at higher frequencies and are driving more gates than ever, thus presenting a higher load on the power distribution network with the potential of substantial IR-drop. However, as IR-drop is a full-chip phenomenon, circuit simulation is extremely time consuming. In this paper, we present a loosely coupled iterative technique for clock verification in the presence of full-chip dynamic IR-drop. The degradation in the clock signal due to dynamic IR-drop is demonstrated on a small example as well as upon a large chip. In addition, we also discuss risks associated with assuming a static IR-drop budget upon clock propagation.
The management of large flows of connectionless traffic on the basis of self-similar modeling

Fluctuations of aggregated connectionless traffic are modelled with the fractional Brownian motion. The applicability and interpretation of the self-similar model are studied both by comparison with Ethernet traffic data from Bellcore and conceptually, defining an ideal notion of free traffic. An insight into the three model parameters is obtained by finding their counterparts in a burst model with heavy-tailed burst length distribution. A bandwidth allocation formula based on the corresponding queueing system is discussed. Guidelines for short-term traffic prediction are found using an exact formula for the conditional expectation of a future value given the past. Directions for further study are indicated at the end of each section.
Low-velocity impact and residual flexural behaviors of 2.5-D woven composite under accelerated thermal ageing: Experiment and numerical modelling

This paper aims to investigate the thermal ageing effect on the impact and post-impact behaviors of 2.5-D woven composites. A combined experimental and numerical study is carried out over a range of impact energies with the subsequent residual flexural tests on both aged (in the air for 32 days at 180℃) and pristine samples. Low-velocity impact tests are performed to assess the degradation of impact-resistant ability in terms of energy absorption mechanism and failure modes. Subsequently, three-point bending tests are conducted to determine the post-impact behaviors with respect to strain concentration, stress transfer and damage evolution process. The strain fields in the finite element model are compared with experimental results obtained by the DIC method. A larger strain concentration area could be found at higher energy levels and longer ageing time. Extended impact damage, such as fiber breakage and delamination, plays an important role in load transfer process in post-impact behavior, thus leading to the decrease of residual stress in aged samples.
On Improving the Fault Detection and Reliability in FDDI Networks

FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface) is a 100 Mbps token ring network with two counter rotating optical rings. Various possible faults (like lost token, link failures etc. ) are considered and fault detection and the ring recovery process in case of a failure and the reIiablfity mechanisms provided are studied. We suggest a new method to improve the fault detectim and ring recovery process. The performance improvement in terms of station queue length and the average delay is compared with the performance of the existing fault detection and ring recovery process through simulation. We also suggest a modification for the physical configuration of the FDDI networks within the guidelines set by the standard to make the network more reliable. It is shown that, unlike the existing FDDI network, full connectivity is maintained among the stations even when multiple single link failures occur. A distributed algorithm is proposed for link reconfiguration of the modified FDDI network when many successive as well as simultaneous link failures occur. The performance of the modified FDDI network under link failures is studied through simulation and compared with that of the existing FDDI network.
Transformation of Information Technology Based on Human Computer Interaction Concept

Transformation technology brings importance consequence to the management system improvement and expansion. In this case exploiting of Information Technology (IT) is hardly required to manage because of it affect to efficiency and effectiveness of the system. The purpose of this paper is to design Integrated Academic Management Information System (IAMIS) with concept of Human Computer Interaction (HCI). The method which be applied is qualitative method by using inductive analysis approach by ignoring initial hypothesis of the research, but to find patterns, forms and themes to expose data systematically. The final result is HCI applied in IAMIS system has been applied, so that found usability and functional system, effective and efficient of AIMIS system are fully be able to carry out well. Furthermore, the analysis results show using IAMIS system affected the staff productivity increasing by 12%, it also means affected in improvement of information services to the academic community. The writer recommended to design system on the concepts of HCI and accommodated is able to online (web-based) system. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.11591/ij-ict.v2i3. 4115 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:. 0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}
Using active haptic feedback in everyday products

This paper focuses on the introduction and design of active haptic feedback in everyday household and office products. Everyday products allow many opportunities to improve interaction. Over time, performance and number of features have been increased, but the interface became hidden and more difficult to use. Active haptic control elements can be used to approximate the richness of traditional mechanical controls and preserve the extensiveness of digital function sets. Previous research in the field of haptic interaction mainly focused on expert tools, and resulted in useful guidelines and available technology. Our research focuses on user involvement, usability, and context of use of everyday products. The meaning of feedback in interfaces of existing products is explored and a design space that describes opportunities for implementing controlled haptic feedback in products is presented. By elaborating five design cases – based on student projects – this design space is explored. Each case study treats a specific aspect of haptic interaction, explains the context of use and presents results from a user test.
A Reduced-Order Representation of the Madden–Julian Oscillation Based on Reanalyzed Normal Mode Coherences

The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is presented as a series of interacting Rossby and inertial gravity waves of varying vertical scales and meridional extents. These components are isolated by decomposing reanalysis fields into a set of normal mode functions (NMF), which are orthogonal eigenvectors of the linearized primitive equations on a sphere. The NMFs that demonstrate spatial properties compatible with the MJO are inertial gravity waves of zonal wavenumber k = 1 and the lowest meridional index n = 0, and Rossby waves with (k, n) = (1, 1). For these horizontal scales, there are multiple small vertical-scale baroclinic modes that have temporal properties indicative of the MJO. On the basis of one such eastward-propagating inertial gravity wave (i.e., a Kelvin wave), composite averages of the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis demonstrate an eastward propagation of the velocity potential, and oscillation of outgoing longwave radiation and precipitation fields over the Maritime Continent, with an MJO-appropriate temporal period. A cross-spectral analysis indicates that only the MJO time scale is coherent between this Kelvin wave and the more energetic modes. Four mode clusters are identified: Kelvin waves of correct phase period and direction, Rossby waves of correct phase period, energetic Kelvin waves of larger vertical scales and meridional extents extending into the extratropics, and energetic Rossby waves of spatial scales similar to that of the energetic Kelvin waves. We propose that within this normal mode framework, nonlinear interactions between the aforementioned mode groups are required to produce an energetic MJO propagating eastward with an intraseasonal phase period. By virtue of the selected mode groups, this theory encompasses both multiscale and tropical–extratropical interactions.
Automated sound localization through adaptation

The author examines how well some proposed localization models are able to locate speech stimuli on the azimuth. Working with recordings obtained using a manikin in a modestly reverberant conference room, a variety of existing models in software are evaluated and their results are compared. A model is then proposed, which uses the natural time delays of the cochlea combined with adaptation to obtain instantaneous estimates of position. A system for binaural localization is proposed and its performance is compared to existing models of auditory localization and to methods of direct calculation. <<ETX>>
Query Optimization Using Global GIS Evaluation Strategies

With the current scale of mobile GIS users and increase in the applications that are deployed for LBS, the optimization of proximity analysis queries becomes a major issue. The query melting processor (QMP) has been developed for processing multiple dynamic complex queries (MDCQ) based on the Query Melting paradigm which consists of the sharing paradigm and the push-down strategy. However, with the increase in volume of cost sensitive mobile users, the need emerges to develop a time cost optimizer for processing MDCQs. Thus, it is crucial to develop a new Decision Making Mechanism for handling the time cost optimization (TCOP) and prove its cost effectiveness. TCOP is based on the new paradigm “Sharing Global Execution Plans by MDCQs with similar scenarios”. The experimental evaluation results, using a case study based on the map of Paris, proved that significant saving in time can be achieved by employing the newly developed strategies.
DOES L2 WORD DECODING IMPLY L2 MEANING ACTIVATION? RELATIONSHIPS AMONG DECODING, MEANING IDENTIFICATION, ANDL2 ORAL LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY IN READING SPANISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE

This study investigated the role of meaning activation and L2 oral language proficiency among Moroccan children learning to read in Spanish for the first time. Recent cross-linguistic research suggests that children learning to read in an L1 or L2 transparent orthography can achieve phonological decoding accuracy faster by relying on grapheme-phoneme strategies. In that case, it becomes extremely important to investigate the role of meaning and its relation to the development of phonological decoding and reading comprehension, especially when children are learning to read in an L2 transparent orthography. The main objective of this study was to discover whether phonological decoding and meaning identification can be considered to be two independent constructs or only one. The second objective was to expand the scope of L2 Spanish oral language proficiency by examining its influence on each of these constructs and on sentence reading comprehension. A battery of measures for assessing the various domains of phonological awareness, decoding, meaning identification and sentence comprehension, were administered to 140 Moroccan children with at least one year of literacy instruction in Spain. Letter knowledge and concept of print were used as control variables. Confirmatory analysis results demonstrated that decoding and word identification form different but dependent constructs. Structural equation modeling indicated that the contribution of L2 oral language proficiency depended on the exact nature of the dependent variable: L2 oral language proficiency does not directly predict decoding skills but is directly related to meaning identification skills and sentence comprehension. The findings provided an understanding of the roles of meaning and L2 oral language proficiency in isolated word reading and sentence comprehension, and clearly implied that decoding and comprehension are more independent when learning to read in an L2 transparent orthography. L2 decoding in Spanish can take place without comprehension. Possible theoretical, instructional and assessment implications related to L2 Spanish reading development are drawn based on the study's results.
Modified phase-frequency detector for improved response of PLL servo controller

Presents a modification of a well known phase-frequency detector to improve closed-loop damping in a phase-locked loop DC servo control mechanism. In a closed-loop servo system that contains non-linearities, disturbances in the steady-state response are expected. These disturbances may cause the system to break phase-lock. If this occurs there will be more disturbances created by the PLL as phase-lock is achieved again. A modified PFD is discussed that allows for a small amount of steady-state disturbances without losing phase-lock.
Using a Formal High-level Language and an Automated Manikin to Automatically Generate Assembly Instructions

This paper presents an approach to automatically generate predetermined motion time system (PMTS) based assembly instruction lists from simulations within digital human modelling (DHM) software. A formal high-level instruction language is used to instruct an automated manikin to perform assembly operations. The manikin, the language and the assembled objects are composed into a discrete model. In a post-computational step, the model is used to construct PMTS instruction lists by mapping the manikin motions, assembled objects and the language instructions onto a set of PMTS keywords. The described approach is implemented in the DHM software IMMA and tested on industrial cases of manual assembly in the automotive industry.