Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Adoption and Diffusion of Biotechnology: rbST in California

The problem of projecting future use patterns of agricultural biotechnology products in order to evaluate their potential for development and commercialization is a challenging proposition for economists. While many have attempted ex ante methods of projecting adoption and diffusion rates, very few have tested their ex ante results after the fact. In this paper, we use the results of a continuous survey of California dairy producers ex post to test the predictions of an ex ante study of adoption of recombinant bovine Somatotropin (rbST) carried out using data 4-7 years prior to the availability of the new technology.
Influence of current land use and edaphic factors on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) hyphal abundance and soil organic matter in and near Serengeti National Park

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are important microbial symbionts for plants especially when soil phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) are limited. Little is known about the distribution of AM hyphae in natural systems of tropical soils across landscapes and their association with different land uses. We studied mycorrhizal hyphal abundance in a wildlife grazed system, a livestock grazed system and under cultivated soils in and near Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. Samples of the upper 15 cm of soil beneath locally dominant plant species were collected. Hyphae were preserved on permanent slides and the length of hyphae per cubic centimeter of soil was calculated. Significant differences (p<0.001) in AM hyphal densities were observed across land use systems, as mean hyphal densities were 61.03±22.02, 52.89±16.41 and 47.9±22.65 m/cm 3 for wildlife grazed system, livestock grazed system and croplands, respectively. There were significant correlations between soil P and N on AM hyphal densities that reflected a pattern of decreasing hyphal densities with increasing soil P and N across sites. These results are congruent with the functional equilibrium hypothesis, which predicts that plants allocate relatively more to belowground structures when they are more limited by belowground resources than by aboveground resources, because AMF densities were highest at the sites with the lowest soil resources.
Human Resource Management under Changes in Central and Eastern European Countries

It is important to note that many publications on HRM in and outside the CEE region have studied this important management function rather superficially. Very few research attempts such as Cranet were conducted in the region. It could also be said that this is a single longitudinal HR research in the region. The primary aim of this article is to draw attention to the similarities in the historical background and transitional period of 9 postsocialist CEE countries, making this region a distinctive cluster in Europe in light of the Cranet survey conducted round 2008/2009. The lack of space, here only the importance and location of personnel functions are analyzed.
On the Applying of the Van Der Pauw Method to Anisotropic Media

The paper deals with the ways of finding an electrical conductivity tensor of a plane and anisotropically conductive sample. On the basis of the analysis of currents flowing through the electrodes at vertices of a rectangular sample, we derived specific electrical conductivity tensor calculation formula. The novelty of the present article is the use of the rectangular shape sample with arbitrarily directed sides in respect of the principal axes of the tensor. The influence of values of electrode lengths and the tensor components on the accuracy of these formulae is investigated. An iterative algorithm of increase of precision of calculating the tensor’s components is presented.
Genetic Variation in CNS Myelination and Functional Brain Connectivity in Recombinant Inbred Mice

Myelination greatly increases the speed of action potential propagation of neurons, thereby enhancing the efficacy of inter-neuronal communication and hence, potentially, optimizing the brain’s signal processing capability. The impact of genetic variation on the extent of axonal myelination and its consequences for brain functioning remain to be determined. Here we investigated this question using a genetic reference panel (GRP) of mouse BXD recombinant inbred (RI) strains, which partly model genetic diversity as observed in human populations, and which show substantial genetic differences in a variety of behaviors, including learning, memory and anxiety. We found coherent differences in the expression of myelin genes in brain tissue of RI strains of the BXD panel, with the largest differences in the hippocampus. The parental C57BL/6J (C57) and DBA/2J (DBA) strains were on opposite ends of the expression spectrum, with C57 showing higher myelin transcript expression compared with DBA. Our experiments showed accompanying differences between C57 and DBA in myelin protein composition, total myelin content, and white matter conduction velocity. Finally, the hippocampal myelin gene expression of the BXD strains correlated significantly with behavioral traits involving anxiety and/or activity. Taken together, our data indicate that genetic variation in myelin gene expression translates to differences observed in myelination, axonal conduction speed, and possibly in anxiety/activity related behaviors.
The impact of supervisory board characteristics on form performance

Corporate boards play an important role in shaping, steering, supervising and advising an organization. Thus it is likely that corporate boards have an impact on corporate performance. There is empirical literature which analyses the interrelation between board features and company performance. The results suggest that board characteristics have a measureable impact on the economic success of a firm. Although the two-tier system prevalent in “Continental European” countries significantly differs from the one-tier regime as it separates management and supervision of an organization, there is little research done by now to examine, whether results from one-tier regimes persist in this alternative setting. Our study explores the interrelations between supervisory board characteristics and accounting as well as market based corporate performance by using a sample of German listed companies. We find that the average remuneration of supervisory board members seems to have a positive association with firm performance. Additionally and in contrast to previous results in different governance settings we find that board size does not negatively buy positively affect firm performance in terms of accounting based figures.
Temporal variations in surface water CO2 concentration in a boreal humic lake based on high-frequency measurements

We measured surface water CO 2 concentrations continuously at three different depths to reveal the seasonal, daily and diel CO 2 dynamics of a steeply stratified pristine, spring-meromictic, humic lake during April 2005-October 2006. The lake was supersaturated with CO 2 most of the time and was a net source of CO 2 to the atmosphere. The stability of stratification and the depth of water column mixing strongly controlled the surface water CO 2 concentrations. Surface water concentrations as high as 195 μmol l -1 were measured when mixing extended to deep waters during spring ice breakup and autumn turnover. The concentrations were near the level of atmospheric equilibrium, about 15 μmol l -1 , during periods of high stability. The yearly CO 2 fluxes to the atmosphere were 3.7 and 2.5 mol m -2 in 2005 and 2006, respectively.
Perceptions and Consequences of Social Change Among Elderly Japanese-American Workers in a Hawaii Plantation Community: A Case Example of Industrial Withdrawal

Introduction In the two centuries since Captain James Cook of the British Navy first sailed his ships into the harbors of the ancient Kingdom of the Hawaiian Islands, Hawaii has been the scene of a continuous stream of profound and unsettling social changes. Under the pressures of international trade, religious conversion, political revolution, agricultural growth, World War II, tourism development, and statehood, the forces of social change have eroded the old established lifestyles of Hawaii’s diverse ethnocultural populations. Within the span of few decades, ways of life generated over a century have been forced to yield to the pressures of technological developments and social changes. Today, Asian and Pacific lifestyles that were brought by immigrants are now gradually bending under the pressures of Westernization.
STUDY OF REMINERALIZING ACTIVITY OF DOSAGE FORMS FOR TREATMENT OF INITIAL ENAMEL CARIES

1Кафедра фармацевтической технологии ФГБОУ ВО «Пермская государственная фармацевтическая академия» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации», 614990, Пермь, Полевая, 2 2Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения Пермского края, «Краевая детская клиническая больница», 614066, г. Пермь, ул. Баумана, 22 3 Кафедра стоматологии факультета ДПО ФГБОУ ВО ПГМУ им. академика Е. А. Вагнера, 614990, Пермь, Петропавловская, 30 E-mail: annagolovanenko@yandex.ru
Large eddy simulation using the general circulation model ICON

ICON (ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic) is a unified modeling system for global numerical weather prediction (NWP) and climate studies. Validation of its dynamical core against a test suite for numerical weather forecasting has been recently published by Zängl et al. (2014). In the present work, an extension of ICON is presented that enables it to perform as a large eddy simulation (LES) model. The details of the implementation of the LES turbulence scheme in ICON are explained and test cases are performed to validate it against two standard LES models. Despite the limitations that ICON inherits from being a unified modeling system, it performs well in capturing the mean flow characteristics and the turbulent statistics of two simulated flow configurations—one being a dry convective boundary layer and the other a cumulus‐topped planetary boundary layer.
Design of Improved Solar Energy Harvested Hybrid Active Power Filter for Harmonic Reduction, Power factor Correction and Current Compensation

This paper introduces the Hybrid Active Power Filter (HAPF) for power-factor correction, harmonic reduction and current compensation. The existing control scheme was implemented without load harmonic detection. In a hybrid active power filter(HAPF), the active part is used to filter out the higher order harmonics, while lower order harmonics are eliminated by passive filter tuned for 5th and 7th order harmonic frequencies. The compensation constraints are obtained by regulating the currents indirectly from the power mains. The reference currents of SAPF are generated by the dc-link voltage controller based on the active power balance of system. A high step-up converter, which is suitable for renewable energy system, is proposed in this paper to produce a dc-link voltage. Through a voltage multiplier module composed of switched capacitors and coupled inductors, a conventional interleaved boost converter obtains high step-up gain without operating at extreme duty ratio. Experimental results are shown for determining the effectiveness of the solar energy harvested HAPF-proposed control system.
Diffusion in a lattice-automaton model of bioturbation by small deposit feeders

The mixing of 210 Pb and tagged particles is examined in a lattice-automaton model for bioturbation containing small deposit feeders. The values of the biodiffusion coefe cient, D B, calculated using typical biological parameter values, i.e., size, abundance, feeding and locomotion rates, are similar to those expected from marine sediments of a given sedimentation rate. Most biological parameters appear to exert primarily linear effects on D B values, while most nonlinearities seem to be model artifacts or failures of the assumptions in the basic DB model. The model highlights the importance of ingestion-egestion, over simple particle displacement, as an agent of bioturbation. The tagged particles are used to calculate root-mean-squared displacement plots, which are linear over long time spans, indicating diffusive behavior. However, initial trends on such plots are not usually linear, indicating that the calculated D B is time dependent for surprisingly long periods after the beginning of such experiments. The latter constitutes a warning to the interpretation of short-term tracer experiments where tagged-particles are salted onto the sediment-water interface and mixing is dominated by small deposit feeders.
Taxonomy for Measurement of Firm-Level Export Performance

Exporting is crucial to a country’s trade performance in terms of increasing its foreign exchange reserves and improving the terms of trade. At the firm-level too, exporting serves significant purpose by enhancing sustainability, profitability, and competitive position of firms in long-run. Hence, it is crucial to access the impact of exporting on the performance of such firms. Several measures, most of them multi-dimensional in nature, have been used to capture the construct of firm-level export performance. Past studies have used both absolute numbers as well as performance ratings as a part of measuring firms’ export performance. It is also revealed that export performance being a multi-dimensional phenomenon is best represented by the use of certain key dimensions explaining the firms’ performance in international markets. Research in this field is still evolving and paving way for further enrichment of its theoretical background. Assimilating the important work in this field, the paper highlights some key trends in measurement of firm-level export performance.
Public Debt and Economic Growth

In the aftermath of the economic crisis, the eurozone and others have responded to the spectre of high debt by pursuing austerity policies. To assess the prudency of this strategy and optimize future policy, a more thorough understanding of the causal link between public debt and economic growth is paramount. This paper presents a wide ranging overview into the available literature concerning the relationship between public debt and economic growth. This is supplemented by a statistical analysis of this relationship using extensive panel data of 20 OECD countries from 1880 till 2011 employing both a fixed-effect ordinary least squares regression and an instrumental variable approach. Consistent with much of the literature, a negative effect of debt on growth is found. The possible evidence in the literature of debt thresholds beyond which growth reduces sharply is found to lack robustness
Rozwój i nowe perspektywy leczenia udaru mózgu w Polsce

Stroke is one of the few neurological disorders known since antiquity. It is a clinical syndrome characterized by a sudden focal, and sometimes generalized brain dysfunction whose symptoms persist for more than 24 hours or sooner leads to death and has no other reason than vascular. This disease is common, approximately 15 million people fall ill with a stroke a year. In developed countries it is the third most common cause of adult disability and the second cause of dementia
EFFECT OF INCREASING CHINA OIL DEMAND ON WORLD OIL PRICES

The explosive growth in China’s oil consumption in the last two decades has triggered series of researches into its likely impact on the level of oil availability to other regions and to world oil price. This study assesses the impact of China’s ever increasing demand for oil on world oil price. The result we got after estimating through Vector Error correction Modeling (VECM) reveals that increase in China’s oil demand has the tendency to significantly push up world oil price, and that China’s oil imports have insignificant relationship with the world oil prices. The 10-period horizon variance decomposition shows that aside shock caused by oil price itself in previous period, China’s oil import and total oil demand account for more variations in oil price. The impulse response analysis corroborates the findings of the variance decomposition that a shock to China’s oil import and its total oil demand has a high tendency to increase world oil price. Therefore, China’s policy makers are encouraged to draft measures that will ensure energy security, as over-reliance on other nations for oil may trigger both price and demand shocks.
A method for stable carbon isotope ratio and concentration measurements of ambient aromatic hydrocarbons

Abstract. A technique for compound-specific analysis of stable carbon isotope ratios and concentration of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is presented. It is based on selective VOC sampling onto adsorbent-filled cartridges by passing large volumes of air (up to 80 L) through the cartridge. The hydrocarbons are recovered by thermal desorption followed by two-step cryogenic trapping and then are separated by gas chromatography in the laboratory. Once separated, individual VOCs are subjected to online oxidation in a combustion interface and isotope ratio analysis by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The method allows measurements of stable carbon isotope ratios of ambient aromatic VOCs present in low pptV to ppbV levels with an accuracy of typically better than 0.5 ‰. The precision of concentration measurements is better than 10%. Examples of measurements conducted as part of a joint Environment Canada–York University (EC-YU) measurement campaign at a semi-rural location demonstrate that the ability to make accurate measurements in air with low VOC mixing ratios is important to avoid bias from an overrepresentation of samples that are strongly impacted by recent emissions.
Abandoned Smolník mine (Slovakia) – a catchment area affected by mining activities

Smolnik is a historical Cu-mining area that was exploited from the 14th century to 1990. The Smolnik mine was definitively closed and flooded in 19901994. Acid mine drainage discharging from the flooded mine (pH = 3.83, Fe = 542 mg/l, SO4 = 3642 mg/l, Cu = 1880 μg/l, Zn = 9599 μg/l, As = 108 μg/l) acidified and contaminated the Smolnik Creek water, which transported pollution into the Hnilec River catchment. The Smolnik mine waste area has been used as a model area to document pollution of waters, stream sediments, and soils by metals and other toxic elements. Major goals of this complex study were to document creek water transport of the main pollutants (Fe, sulphates, Cu, Al, As, etc.) in the form of suspended solids, to investigate elements mobility in common mine waste (rock and processing waste heaps and tailing impoundment) and in the soil on the basis of neutralization and leach experiments. Different methodologies and techniques for sampling and chemical and mineralogical characterization of samples were used and checked to evaluate environmental risk of this abandoned mine area.
A CHEMOPREVENTIVE FACTOR IN PROSTATE CANCER

Nutritionally relevant levels of genistein, the predominant isoflavone in soyabean associated with lower risk of prostate cancer (PCa), may modulate the expression of prostate tissue biomarkers associated with cancer prediction and progression. A phase 2 placebocontrolled, randomised, double-blind clinical trial was conducted in forty-seven Norwegian patients before prostatectomy. Intervention was 30mg genistein or placebo capsules daily for 3–6 weeks. Luminal cells from malignant and benign glands were isolated with laser capture microdissection and the mRNA levels of androgen-related biomarkers (androgen receptor, NK3 homeobox 1, kallikrein-related peptide 4 (KLK4)) and cell cycle-related genes ( p21 , p27 , p53) were analysed with real-time semiquantitative PCR. Immunohistochemistry of androgen-, cell cycle-, proliferative(Ki67 nuclear antigen), apoptotic(B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) and BCL-2-associated X protein) and neuroendocrine differentiation-related biomarkers (neuron-specific enolase and cytoplasmic chromogranin A) was performed using tissue microarrays containing normal, Gleason grade 3 and grade 4 prostate tissues. There were no significant effects by genistein intervention on proliferation-, cell cycle-, apoptosisor neuroendocrine biomarkers. Genistein intervention, however, significantly reduced the mRNA level of KLK4 in tumour cells (P1⁄40·033) and there was a nonsignificant reduction in androgen and cell cycle-related biomarkers, except for p27, whose expression in the nuclear compartment was increased. Genistein intervention modulated the expression of several biomarkers which may be related to PCa prediction and progression. The present study supports genistein as a chemopreventive agent in PCa. Further investigation is warranted in larger and longer-duration studies.
Bayesian Spam Detection System Using Hybrid Feature Selection Method

With the rapid development of Internet, the amount of text information has increased dramatically. As such, how to effectively and accurately identify, classify and deal with these information becomes a major challenge. In this paper, we used a term frequency hybrid filter which combines the refined naive Bayesian classifier and innovative hybrid feature selection method to detect spams. According to our experiment results, we found that the hybrid feature selection method had better spam detection performance than traditional feature selection methods.
Social interactions, time activity budgets and movement patterns in dairy goats (Capra circus) housed in two different group sizes

8 SAMMENDRAG . 9 1. INTRODUCTION . 10 1.1. LIVING IN GROUPS . 10 1.1.1. Costs and benefits . 10 1.1.2. Hierarchy . 12 1.2. GROUP SIZE . 13 1.3. SOCIAL INSTABILITY . 14 1.4 MOVEMENT PATTERNS . 15 1.4. 1. Definitions . 16 1.4. 2 Factors influencing movement patterns . 16 1.4. 3. Factors that affect proximity . 18 1.5. SOCIAL INTERACTIONS IN GOATS (WILD AND DOMESTIC) . 19 1.5 AIM . 23 2. MATERIAL AND METHODS . 24 2.1. PROJECT . 24 2.2. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN . 24 2.3. ANIMALS AND HOUSING . 24 2.4. DATA COLLECTION AND BEHAVIOURAL OBSERVATIONS . 27 2.4. 1. Direct observations . 27 2.4. 2. Instantaneous sampling from video recording . 29 2.5. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS . 31 2.6. ETHICAL STATEMENT . 31 3. RESULTS . 32 3.1. SOCIAL INTERACTIONS . 32 3.1.1 Offensive behaviours . 35
Phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Landolphia owariensis leaf

Ethanolic extract of the leaves of Landolphia owariensis were subjected to phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activities on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus sp. and Proteus sp. using dehydrogenase assay method. The phytochemical screening indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins. The bacterial isolates were exposed to different extract concentrations (20 – 2000 mg/ml) of the extract in nutrient broth, and their response was concentration dependent. In all three bacteria, dehydrogenase activity was progressively inhibited at concentrations of about 20 mg/ml, with total inhibition observed with 700 mg/ml for Staphylococcus sp. , 1000 mg/ml for Proteus sp. and 1800 mg/ml for E. coli.