Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thoughts about Selected Models for the Valuation of Real Options

This paper discusses option valuation logic and four selected methods for the valuation of real options in the light of their modeling choices. Two of the selected methods the Datar–Mathews method and the Fuzzy Pay-off Method represent later developments in real option valuation and the Black & Scholes formula and the Binomial model for option pricing the more established methods used in real option valuation. The goal of this paper is to understand the big picture of real option valuation models used today and to discuss modeling perspectives for the future.
Improved Charge Pump with Reduced Reverse Current

A highly efficient charge pump that minimizes the reverse charge sharing current (in short, reverse current) is proposed. The charge pump employs auxiliary capacitors and diode-connected MOSFET along with an early clock to drive the charge transfer switches; this new method provides better isolation between stages. As a result, the amount of reverse current is reduced greatly and the clock driver can be designed with reduced transition slope. As a proof of the concept, a 1.1V-to-9.8 V charge pump was designed in a 0.35 μm 18 V CMOS technology. The proposed architecture shows 1.6 V ~ 3.5 V higher output voltage compared with the previously reported architecture.
Geometrically nonlinear shape-memory polycrystals made from a two-variant material

Bhattacharya and Kohn have used small-strain (geometrically linear) elasticity to analyze the recoverable strains of shape-memory polycrystals. The adequacy of small-strain theory is open to question, however, since some shape-memory materials recover as much as 10 percent strain. This paper provides the first progress toward an analogous geometrically nonlinear theory. We consider a model problem, involving polycrystals made from a two-variant elastic material in two space dimensions. The linear theory predicts that a polycrystal with sufficient symmetry can have no recoverable strain. The nonlinear theory corrects this to the statement that a polycrystal with sufficient symmetry can have recoverable strain no larger than the 3/2 power of the transformation strain. This result is in a certain sense optimal. Our analysis makes use of Fritz John's theory of deformations with uniformly small strain.
Integrated Social Media Knowledge Capture in Medical Domain of Indonesia

The Social Media Platforms, as the one of largest part of today data traffic on the Internet, disseminate a vast volume of information, including medical information in it. Knowledge management system (KMS) approach is applied with a purpose to capture, maintain, and manage tacit or explicit knowledge available and collected within the social media platforms, organization’s database, knowledge base, or document repository. By adding Indonesian Natural Language Processing (InaNLP), Machine Learning and Data Mining approach, our research has proposed a framework which is theoretically designed to improve the previous research related to social media knowledge capture model and enhance its accuracy and reliability of knowledge retrieved compared to previous knowledge capture model. We implement the framework by developing the whole system including its environment. This system mainly aimed for medical practitioner to give a quick suggestion of the diseases regarding to the early diagnose which has been taken in the first place. On this current research state, the pre-processing phase of the framework implementation and knowledge presentation is our main concern to maximize the information value for the knowledge users and also to reduce the language issues in texts such as ambiguity, inconsistency, use of slang vocabulary, etc. According to this research’s goal, we have designed an algorithm to extract feature from dataset.
Target Users' Expectations versus the Actual Compilation of a Shona Children's Dictionary

Abstract: The article discusses the challenges that confronted the team of compilers working on the monolingual Shona Children's Dictionary (henceforth SCD). It looks at the active involvement of the target users in shaping the project and discusses the considerations for the implementation of their recommenda-tions. Matters of concern include issues of headword selection, especially problems of dialect representation in the dictionary. The article also discusses the inclusion of grammatical information such as tone marking. The SCD is one of the many efforts to promote and raise the functions of the indigenous languages in Zim-babwe. Of special interest in this article is therefore the discussion on the inclusion of international words like those denoting weight, distance and mathematical and scientific concepts. The article also considers the treatment of taboo words in the SCD, which takes into account that society has to open up culturally to be able to unequivocally view some of the aspects of life with which present-day children are confronted. The article lastly discusses how a balance was reached for accommodating the target users' proposal for the inclusion of an elaborate back matter in view of the limited available scope and space of the SCD.
Texttone: Emotion detection in short texts: Pilot project report

This document discusses simple experiments on the detection of emotion from text. It provides: (i) some background on the interest and commercial relevance of the task; (ii) a description of a pilot experiment, comparing human and machine classification of very short (25 word) texts; (iii) a description of a further experiment, comparing human classification performance on short (50 word) and longer (150 word) texts; and (iv) some recommendations for future action.
Covenant Design in Financial Contracts: A Case Study of the Private Equity Acquisition of HCA

A buyout deal involves several parties, including private equity firms, the target company, and lending banks. All these parties are legally connected by contractual arrangements, and covenants among all interest parties are important. However, a comprehensive study on designing covenants among parties in a buyout deal to achieve commitment and avoid risk in closing a deal is seldom seen in current literature. By investigating one of the world's largest buyout deals -- the acquisition of Hospital Corporation of America (HCA), this paper not only probes into the design of contracts and covenant, but also provides several managerial implications. This paper concludes that well-designed covenants in buy-out deals can appropriately align all participants’ diversified interests.
Use of PVC Conduits by Rats of Various Strains and Ages Housed Singly and in Pairs

This study observed the frequency with which laboratory rats (Rattus norvegicus) entered polyvinylchloride (PVC) conduits placed in their cages to provide environmental enrichment. The study found that use of PVC conduits by Norway rats varied with subjects' strain, age, sex, and housing condition. Adult male Long-Evans rats rarely entered PVC conduits unless housed in pairs, in which case the lighter (presumably subordinate) pair member frequently used the conduit, possibly to avoid contact with his dominant partner. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats entered PVC conduits only during the illuminated portion of the day-night cycle and only if housed on shelves exposed to direct overhead illumination. Both juvenile rats and female rats made extensive use of PVC conduits throughout the day-night cycle. This article discusses implications of these findings for determining how best to enrich environments in which laboratory rodents are maintained.
Intraportfolio Correlation: An Application for Investments Students

Intraportfolio correlation (IPC), a measure of portfolio diversification, is becoming increasingly popular among investment practitioners. However, despite the assertions of these adherents, IPC is far from a free lunch. Instead, it is a simplistic and flawed measure that ignores material information about the relationships among portfolio assets. Deconstructing the IPC therefore can be a productive and educational exercise (and a cautionary tale) for students of portfolio theory. In this paper, we describe IPC and offer suggestions for incorporating it into an introductory investments course.
Analysis of the Mechanisms of Heat Acclimatization : Comparison of Heat-tolerance between Japanese and Thai Subjects

In order to clarify the mechanisms of heat acclimatization to tropical climates by permanent residence, changes in oral temperature due to heat load were compared in 10 male subjects in Chiang Mai, Thailand (tropical region) and 10 male subjects in Nagasaki, Japan (temperate region). Mean annual ambient temperature is 16.6°C in Nagasaki and 25.9°C in Chiang Mai. The experiments for the Thai subjects were performed in Chiang Mai and those for the Japanese subjects in Nagasaki during each region's hottest months. The constitutional characteristics of the Thai subjects were a little shorter and slightly leaner than the Japanese. After staying at rest in the experimental room at 32°C and 35% of relative humidity for at least 30 min, the lower legs were immersed into a hot water bath of 43°C for 30 min. Mean initial oral temperature was 37.06±0.07°C in Japanese and 37.12±0.05°C in Thai subjects (P>0.05). Oral temperature rose after heat load and reached to 37.54±0.06°C and 37.59±0.06°C in Japanese and Thai subjects (P>0.05), respectively. Although the inhabitants in Chiang Mai were expected to be more acclimatized to heat compared to those in Nagasaki, no significant difference in the oral temperature was found between two groups throughout the experiment. It is speculated that the same rise in oral temperature in both groups of subjects is attributed to a lower sweat rate and an increase of dry heat loss in Thai subjects. In future studies, not only core temperature but also skin temperatures (dry heat loss) and sweat rate (evaporative heat loss) should be measured and analyzed.
Can ionic liquids dissolve wood? Processing and analysis of lignocellulosic materials with 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride

The bulk of the cellulose currently employed by industry is isolated from wood through Kraft pulping, a process which traditionally involves a barrage of environmentally detrimental chemicals and is undeniably ‘non-green. ’ In this report we present a simple and novel alternative approach for the processing of lignocellulosic materials that relies on their solubility in solvent systems based on the ionic liquid (IL) 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C4mim]Cl). Dissolution profiles for woods of different hardness are presented, making emphasis on the direct analysis of the cellulosic material and lignin content in the resulting liquors by means of conventional 13C NMR techniques. We also show that cellulose can be readily reconstituted from the IL-based wood liquors in fair yields by the addition of a variety of precipitating solvents. Spectroscopic and thermogravimetric studies indicate that the polysaccharide obtained in this manner is virtually free of lignin and hemicellulose and has characteristics that are comparable to those of pure cellulose samples subjected to similar processing conditions.
Neutrino Mass from Cosmology

Neutrinos can play an important role in the evolution of the Universe, modifying some of the cosmological observables. In this contribution we summarize the main aspects of cosmological relic neutrinos and we describe how the precision of present cosmological data can be used to learn about neutrino properties, in particular their mass, providing complementary information to beta decay and neutrinoless double-beta decay experiments. We show how the analysis of current cosmological observations, such as the anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background or the distribution of large-scale structure, provides an upper bound on the sum of neutrino masses of order 1 eV or less, with very good perspectives from future cosmological measurements which are expected to be sensitive to neutrino masses well into the sub-eV range.
E-mail spam filtering by a new hybrid feature selection method using IG and CNB wrapper

The growing volume of spam emails has resulted in the necessity for more accurate and efficient email classification system. The purpose of this research is presenting an machine learning approach for enhancing the accuracy of automatic spam detecting and filtering and separating them from legitimate messages. In this regard, for reducing the error rate and increasing the efficiency, the hybrid architecture on feature selection has been used. Features used in these systems, are the body of text messages. Proposed system of this research has used the combination of two filtering models, Filter and Wrapper, with Information Gain (IG) filter and Complement Naive Bayes (CNB) wrapper as feature selectors. In addition, Multinomial Naive Bayes (MNB) classifier, Discriminative Multinomial Naive Bayes (DMNB) classifier, Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier and Random Forest classifier are used for classification. Finally, the output results of this classifiers and feature selection methods are examined and the best design is selected and it is compared with another similar works by considering different parameters. The optimal accuracy of the proposed system is evaluated equal to 99%.
Extending Retirement Age and Increasing Consumption: A Quantitative Assessment

The quantitative exercises of this paper determine the quantitative expression between consumption and retirement age and are certain that there is positive relation between extending retirement age and increasing consumption. Key word: Re t i rement age ; Consumpt ion; Overlapping generation model Cao, Z. (2015) . Extending Ret i rement Age and Increasing C o n s u m p t i o n : A Q u a n t i t a t i v e A s s e s s m e n t . C a n a d i a n Soc ia l Sc i ence, 11 (11 ) , 103 -106 . Ava i l ab l e f rom: h t tp : / / w w w. c s c a n a d a . n e t / i n d e x . p h p / c s s / a r t i c l e / v i e w / 7 9 0 0 DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3968/7900
Personality and Mental Health Assessment: A Sensor-Based Behavior Analysis

The purpose of this study was to estimate personality and mental health through behavior data measured by acceleration and voice intensity sensors. Results showed significant correlations between behavior and all personality and mental health traits studied except for openness. This methodology ascertained an effortless assessment of personality and mental health, which respects employee's privacy, and keeps up-to-date companies' workforce information.
Effects of boats on the surface and acoustic behaviour of an endangered population of bottlenose dolphins

Coastal cetaceans are increasingly being exposed to boats and noise as nature tourism grows. Such activity has a wide range of detrimental effects on the surface behaviour of cetaceans, but effects on their acoustic behaviour are poorly understood. We quantified the effects of tour boats and of the observing research boat on the group structure and vocal behaviour of bot- tlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus in Doubtful Sound, New Zealand. Acoustic recordings and group follow data were collected from a 5 m research vessel, and analysed via an information- theoretic approach. Groups with mothercalf pairs were significantly less cohesive and coordi- nated when tour boats were audible. They were more vocal when boats were close and while moving away, presumably to re-establish group structure. Furthermore, groups with calves increased their whistle rates when tour boats were travelling faster, while groups without calves became quieter. Dolphins also responded to boat noise with alterations in whistle frequency and duration. These findings suggest that elevated boat noise affects communication, and groups with calves are particularly sensitive to boat presence and noise. Group structure and whistle parame- ters were affected by the research boat, highlighting the importance of accounting for observer effects in studies of tourism impacts. The particular sensitivity of groups with calves to boats has important implications for the management of impacts on this population due to its endangered status and history of low calf survival.
Interoperability in Semi-intelligent Civil Engineering Agent

Design process in the construction industry involves multiple stakeholders who may carry out their tasks in widely distributed locations. Therefore the interaction between those participants is often the cause of mistakes and misunderstandings and some of these problems are related to the lack of sufficient software interoperability. The underlying problem for this research is the misunderstandings caused by information exchanges between structural engineer organization and client, architect and building services engineer. In the course of model exchanging many authors use the term ‘agent’ (Anumba et al, 2002) rather than ‘participant’. There is much discussion about whether a particular design system is an ‘intelligent agent’ or merely software system. The term “intelligence” is used to describe a system which behaves as an actor by percept of the environment and provides action to the environment. The actions should support the overall system aims. In this research ‘semi-intelligent agents’ mean a combination of programmed IT systems and human actors; communication is not completely based on IT systems replacing human users. This research argues that the key factor that could solve the misunderstandings between participants is enhanced interoperability. The previous studies in this area have categorized interoperability between design participants in four levels: 1- File level 2- Syntax level 3- Simulation level & 4- Semantic level (Steel et al, 2012). In this research the semi-intelligent structural agent will be used to improve the interaction, communication and understanding by describing the solutions and limitations in an accessible way to all shareholders. This system is expected to reduce significantly the degree of mistakes and errors in structural and civil engineering design coordination. This research reviews the state of the art and is based on interviews of civil engineers in the UK construction industry. Based on the findings the key challenges for semi-intelligent civil engineering agents are unstructured data, data mapping, unstructured evaluation and data consistency. Based on the findings a process map has been developed and it will be tested and expanded in the future research to find a solution for these challenges.
Is the Price Level Tied to the M2 Monetary Aggregate in the Long Run

A long-run link between money and prices is evident for the United States since the Korean War if the M2 measure of money is used and the velocity of M2 (V2) is modeled as a mean-reverting series. This link between M2 and prices is the basis for a dynamic model of inflation that compares favorably in forecasting exercises with Phillips-curve and more typical monetarist approaches. The behavior of V2 is examined from 1870 to the present, providing a basis for reconsidering previous findings that V2 follows a random walk. Copyright 1991 by American Economic Association.
Multigroup-multiwaves Lisrel modeling in tourist satisfaction analysis

The paper analyzes the influence of tourist heterogeneity on the Tourist Local System Overall Satisfaction and its changes over time. We investigate two aspects: if different tourists segmented according to their trip motivation (seaside, conference and sport) show the same pattern of evaluation toward some relevant features of the TLS and if the evaluation scheme is dynamic. At this aim, a Multigroup-Multiwaves Lisrel model is estimated on a data set from the Tourist Satisfaction Survey, conducted in Rimini from 2004 to 2006 by the Faculty of Statistics – University of Bologna. The analysis shows that tourist evaluation scheme toward Rimini is quite similar among groups and over time, suggesting that differences among tourists do not affect TLS satisfaction.
MANUFACTURING OF SIZE CONTROLLED MAGNETITE NANOPARTICLES POTENTIALLY SUITABLE FOR THE PREPARATION OF AQUEOUS MAGNETIC FLUIDS

The effect of a biocompatible, water-soluble functionalised biopolysaccharide, carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC) on the particle size and morphology of magnetite nanoparticles (d ≤ 8 nm) synthesised in aqueous solutions has been systematically studied. Addition of the polysaccharide to the system resulted in significant decrease in the particle diameter (down to ca. 2.8 nm). The average particle size is independent of the degree of functionalisation and the molar weight of the polymer, but decreases systematically with the increasing concentration of CMC. Thus tailor made magnetite nanoparticles with 2.8 nm ≤ d ≤ 7.5 nm is possible to synthesize with addition of controlled amount of CMC to the reaction mixture.
Statistical Angular Resolution Limit for Ultrawideband MIMO Noise Radar

The two-dimensional angular resolution limit (ARL) of elevation and azimuth for MIMO radar with ultrawideband (UWB) noise waveforms is investigated using statistical resolution theory. First, the signal model of monostatic UWB MIMO noise radar is established in a 3D reference frame. Then, the statistical angular resolution limits (SARLs) of two closely spaced targets are derived using the detection-theoretic and estimation-theoretic approaches, respectively. The detection-theoretic approach is based on the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) with given probabilities of false alarm and detection, while the estimation-theoretic approach is based on Smith’s criterion which involves the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB). Furthermore, the relationship between the two approaches is presented, and the factors affecting the SARL, that is, detection parameters, transmit waveforms, array geometry, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and parameters of target (i.e., radar cross section (RCS) and direction), are analyzed. Compared with the conventional radar resolution theory defined by the ambiguity function, the SARL reflects the practical resolution ability of radar and can provide an optimization criterion for radar system design.