Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of pH on growth and carbon metabolism of maltose-releasing Chlorella (Chlorophyta)

The effect of low pH on growth and photosynthesis was compared in two strains of Chlorella isolated from symbiosis with Paramecium bursaria. One, 3N813A, releases large amounts of maltose at low pH; the other, NC64A, does not release maltose in culture. Maltose synthesis at low pH appeared to have a greater effect on cell growth than pH by itself. Growth of maltose-releasing 3N813A showed a direct relationship with pH; growth of non-maltose-releasing NC64A was reduced only as pH fell from 7.0 to 5.5. At pH 5.0, net photosynthetic capacity of 3N813A cells was reduced to 76% of controls at pH 7.0, but the specific growth constant (k) was reduced to 22%, and at pH 4.0 growth and nitrate uptake were inhibited. In 3N813A cells at pH 5.0, carbon (C) was diverted from cell growth, net chlorophyll synthesis, assimilation of nitrogen (N), and synthesis of protein and starch to maltose release, but C:N ratios were unchanged. In NC54A cells, starch but not protein synthesis was inhibited at pH 5.0, and a reduction i.
Mini tickets printing machine based on IOT with mobile information using a smartphone

Queue is an event that we often encountered in various places or in public services such as hospitals, banks, restaurants and many more. The restriction of the queuing process is usually due to a long queue thus the process is not enough effective and efficient to the public process. The rapid development of technology that is growing, need the integration between the engine and the mobile information system. So that, we can do a job quickly, and accurately. ESP8266 as a microcontroller and a thermal printer as a ticket printer, both of them can be made a mini machine ticket printer that is small and connected with the smart phone through the Internet connected to the database, so that the user can see directly through the queue number in the smartphone applications. In this paper conducted a mini-making ticket printing machine using ESP8266 based IOT by using a smartphone.
Year, Region, and Temperature Effects on the Quality of Minnesota's Soybean Crop

Bulk commodity soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. ] can now be sourced with great specificity through rail and container purchases. The objective of this study was to determine whether analyses of farmer-grown soybean seed samples could detect significant regional differences in soybean quality traits. Through analysis of 2706 farmer volunteered soybean samples representing harvests from 2003-2005, we found significant year and region effects on seed quality. An independent variable, temperature during seed filling (T sf ) was created for each soybean sample by kriging local daily mean air temperatures from 135 weather stations. A region x year interaction was noted for protein and the sum of protein and oil concentrations, but using T sf as a covariate eliminated this interaction. The variable T sf correlated with average regional oil concentrations such that oil concentration increased at a rate of 6.6 g kg -1 °C -1 . Overall, farmer produced and volunteered soybean samples provide an excellent means of identifying within-state soybean seed quality variation. Additionally, local climate data (T sf ) can be used to predict this variation in regional soybean seed quality.
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF PHYSIOTHERAPY STUDENTS AND THE ROLE OF DEVICE-BASED MONITORING IN THEIR FUTURE CLINICAL PRACTICE: A COHORT STUDY

Authors’ contribution Wkład autorów: A. Study design/planning zaplanowanie badań B. Data collection/entry zebranie danych C. Data analysis/statistics dane – analiza i statystyki D. Data interpretation interpretacja danych E. Preparation of manuscript przygotowanie artykułu F. Literature analysis/search wyszukiwanie i analiza literatury G. Funds collection zebranie funduszy Summary Background. Although physiotherapy students are expected to promote and prescribe exercise, their own physical activity (PA) levels have not been fully researched using wearable devices to provide objective measurements of PA. This study aimed (1) to determine their PA level; and (2) to verify the use of wearables for physiotherapy students’ own practical benefits. Material and methods. Students (n=257) wore a pedometer (Yamax Digi-Walker SW-700) and wrist-based activity tracker (Garmin Vívofit 1) for seven consecutive days. Prior to monitoring, they completed the long form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-LF). A further evaluation was completed, relating to benefits and shortcomings of PA monitoring in their own practice. Results. A significant difference emerged between PA levels recorded with activity trackers on weekdays and weekend days, but only when gender and years of study were not taken into consideration. Specifically, 61.09% of participants were active or highly active on weekdays and none were sedentary. On the weekend, however, 47.47% were active or highly active and 11.67% were sedentary. Most (~79%) subjects reported clear benefits in PA monitoring. Conclusions. The student cohort were clearly active during the week, but almost half were insufficiently active in the weekend and thus, greater focus on the promotion of PA in physiotherapists-in-training might be necessary. The self-monitoring of PA under ambulatory conditions (using two wearable devices), combined with self-evaluation of PA, were study strengths.
Decoupling through input–output blending

The paper presents a novel decoupling method, based on blending the input and output signals of linear dynamical systems. For this purpose, blend vectors are introduced and calculated such that the minimum sensitivity of the controlled mode is maximised, while the worst case gain of the other subsystems is minimised from the blended input to the blended output. The problem is transformed to a standard optimisation program subject to Linear Matrix Inequality constraints. An arising rank constraint is resolved by an alternating projection scheme. The method is presented based on the decoupling of a single mode, but the extension to decouple multiple modes is also discussed. Numerical examples are given to validate the method and to illustrate how the proposed approach can be applied for control engineering problems.
800G DSP ASIC Design Using Probabilistic Shaping and Digital Sub-Carrier Multiplexing

The design of application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC) is at the core of modern ultra-high-speed transponders employing advanced digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms. This manuscript discusses the motivations for jointly utilizing transmission techniques such as probabilistic shaping and digital sub-carrier multiplexing in digital coherent optical transmissions systems. First, we describe the key-building blocks of modern high-speed DSP-based transponders working at up to 800G per wave. Second, we show the benefits of these transmission methods in terms of system level performance. Finally, we report, to the best of our knowledge, the first long-haul experimental transmission – e.g., over 1000 km – with a real-time 7 nm DSP ASIC and digital coherent optics (DCO) capable of data rates up to 1.6 Tb/s using two waves (2 × 800G).
Plant‐Cell‐Wall‐Degrading Enzymes Produced by the White‐Rot Fungus Ceriporiopsis Subvermispora

The production of various plant‐cell‐wall‐degrading enzymes by the white‐rot fungus Ceriporiopsis subvermispora was monitored in shake‐flask cultures. Analyses included various cellulolytic (i.e. endo‐1,4‐b‐glucanase, exo‐1,4‐b‐glucanase, 1,4‐b‐glucosidase), hemicellulolytic (i.e. xylanases, 1,4‐b‐xylosidases, mannanases, 1,4‐b‐mannosidases), and ligninolytic (i.e. laccase and manganese peroxidase) enzymes. Other enzymes studied were polyendogalacturonase, proteases, amylases, phenolic acid esterases and lipases. Glucose, cellobiose, avicel and Whatman cellulose were the primary carbon sources used. Other substrates were birch‐wood xylan, galacto‐mannan and citrus pectin. Ground stems of two fibrous plants, flax and kenaf, were the substrates representing a complete cell‐wall composition used. Endo‐1,4‐b‐glucanase and 1,4‐b‐glucosidase activities were detected in certain culture solutions but, interestingly, no significant amount of exo‐1,4‐b‐glucanase activity was found in cultures of any of the carbon sources. Avicel, in general, gave rise to higher fungal growth and enzyme production compared to the more crystalline Whatman cellulose. Xylanase and mannanase activities were readily detected under all culture conditions used. Flax and kenaf flour generally induced more enzyme production over xylan, mannan and pectin. Laccase and manganese peroxidase were the two ligninolytic enzymes produced. Pectin, xylan and mannan induced more polyendogalacturonase than other substrates. Proteases and amylases were also produced, but no lipase activity was detected. C. subvermispora also produced phenolic acid esterases in the avicel and xylan cultures. Preference for a more amorphous cellulose, avicel and hemicelluloses over a more crystalline Whatman cellulose as substrates for active growth is most likely the reason for the lignin specificity of C. subvermispora. Enzyme profiles suggest that C. subvermispora shows a potential for various industrial applications where removal of the lignin components, while maintaining cellulosic fibre strength property, is important.
Framing Automatic Voter Registration: Partisanship and Public Understanding of Automatic Voter Registration

Automatic voter registration (AVR) is a recent innovation in voter registration in the United States, passed by 18 states plus DC in the last 4 years. AVR has generally escaped partisan polarization about election reform, having passed in Republican and Democratic controlled states. Using a survey experiment in the 2018 Cooperative Congressional Election Study, we investigate effects of source cues about support of AVR from different party elites and from election administrators on the public’s expectations about AVR’s impact on turnout, voter fraud, fairness, and election problems. Our experimental results show an asymmetric partisan effect. When AVR is endorsed by Democratic leaders, Republicans (and independents) expect AVR to reduce the fairness and legitimacy of elections, while Democrats are generally resistant to partisan cues.
The effects of temperature and season on the O2 consumption of third‐instar larvae of the goldenrod gall fly (Eurosta solidaginis)

Abstract. Third‐instar larvae of the goldenrod gall fly (Eurosta solidaginis Fitch) live inside ball galls on goldenrod plants from summer to the following spring.Because galls are highly exposed to the weather, larvae experience substantial variations in body temperature.This study documents the oxygen consumption of gall fly larvae with regard to the effects of ambient temperature, seasonal conditioning, and prior exposure to subzero temperature.The body mass of larvae doubles between the late summer and the autumn; it subsequently undergoes a modest decline by early winter.The O2, consumption of field‐acclimatized larvae increases with ambient temperature, especially between 0 and 10°C (Q10= 2.6‐3.4). The thermal sensitivity of metabolism declines at higher ambient temperatures, most notably during the autumn/early winter.After exposure to 15°C for 1 week, autumn and early winter larvae maintain much lower rates of O2 consumption than do late summer specimens.Prior exposure to ‐5°C for 24 h did not influence the O2 consumption of larvae.Low thermal sensitivity of O2 consumption, especially at higher ambient temperatures, is an energy‐sparing mechanism during seasonal inactivity.Indeed, the persistence of this metabolic pattern in larvae exposed to 15°C suggests that they have entered a state of diapause.
Transient analysis of systems exhibiting inverse response and their control with CSTR as a case study

In this paper the phenomenon of inverse response from systems was investigated and its transient response thoroughly analyzed. Inverse response is shown by non-minimum phase systems and some minimum phase systems. Transient analysis of these systems is lacking in literature A case study was done for a non-linear, non-minimum phase CSTR (Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor), which was identified and a novel optimized trajectory for temperature feed was synthesized, which is a non-linear dynamic constrained optimization problem solved using ACADO for a particular chemical reaction. Different control schemes were also implemented on other systems as well, which exibhit inverse responses, including model reference adaptive control. The finding shows that PID-ZN goes with the inverse response, is unable to suppress it and requires large control effort which can have serious hardware limitations. Robustness is another area where PID is lacking with these systems. MRAC shemes were able to overcome all these issues. For CSTR also, these findings hold true thus points at using advance stratigies in process control industries for maximzing product yield.
Optimization of Starch- and Chitosan-Based Bio-Inks for 3D Bioprinting of Scaffolds for Neural Cell Growth

Abstract This paper investigates the use of starch and chitosan blends for bioprinting of neural cell applications. The printability and biocompatibility of different starch to chitosan ratio bio-inks were studied. The biofabrication window paradigm was used to determine the optimum composition of bio-ink as 50% starch and 50% chitosan in terms of both printability and biocompatibility with Neuro-2a cells. This defies the conventional understanding that increasing the chitosan percentage enhances the biocompatibility. Moreover, the limitations of the conventional framework for characterizing the printability of bio-inks were identified and a revised framework based on the flattening factor was proposed. It was shown that the revised framework provides better means of characterizing the printability of bio-inks.
The isolation of genes from the resurrection grass Sporobolus stapfianus which are induced during severe drought stress

A modification of the ‘cold plaque’ screening technique (Hodge et al., Plant Journal1992, 2, 257–260) was used to screen a cDNA library constructed from drought-stressed leaf tissue of the desiccation tolerant (‘resurrection’) grass Sporobolus stapfianus. This technique allowed a large number of clones representing genes expressed at low abundance to be isolated. An examination of expression profiles revealed that several of these genes are induced in desiccation-tolerant tissue experiencing severe drought stress. Further characterization indicated that the gene products encoded include an eIF1 protein translation initiation factor and a glycine- and proline-rich protein which have not previously been associated with drought stress. In addition, genes encoding a serine/threonine phosphatase type 2C, a tonoplast-intrinsic protein (TIP) and an early light-inducible protein (ELIP) were isolated. A number of these genes are expressed differentially in desiccation-tolerant and desiccation-sensitive tissues, suggesting that they may be associated with the desiccation tolerance response of S. stapfianus. The results indicate that there may be unique gene regulation processes occurring during induction of desiccation tolerance in resurrection plants which allow different drought-responsive genes to be selectively expressed at successive levels of water loss.
Multi-Classifier Decision-Level Fusion Classification of Workpiece Surface Defects Based on a Convolutional Neural Network

Various defects are formed on the workpiece surface during the production process. Workpiece surface defects are classified according to various characteristics, which includes a bumped surface, scratched surface and pit surface. Suppliers analyze the cause of workpiece surface defects through the defect types and thus determines the subsequent processing. Therefore, the correct classification is essential regarding workpiece surface defects. In this paper, a multi-classifier decision-level fusion classification model for workpiece surface defects based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) was proposed. In the proposed model, the histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) was used to extract the features of the second fully connected layer of the CNN, and the features of the HOG were further extracted by using the local binary patterns (LBP), which was called the HOG–LBP feature extraction. Finally, this paper designed a symmetry ensemble classifier, which was used to classify the features of the last fully connected layer of the CNN and the features of the HOG–LBP. The comprehensive decision was made by fusing the classification results of the symmetry structure channels. The experiments were carried out, and the results showed that the proposed model could improve the accuracy of the workpiece surface defect classification.
Transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics to reveal mechanisms underlying plant secondary metabolism

Plant secondary metabolites play an important role in the fields of food, medicine, agriculture, and biofuels. Secondary metabolites are an important focus of crop breeding and metabolic engineering research. However, our understanding of secondary metabolism is far from complete, particularly in nonmodel plants. Functional genomics, which includes transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, opens a new avenue for deciphering secondary metabolism. Here we review the applications of functional genomics in secondary metabolism, including the discovery of novel genes, the identification of gene function, and the detection of novel pathways of the metabolic network. Results from these studies will accelerate our understanding of elicitation mechanism of secondary metabolism and how plants interact with their environment, ultimately improving the production of secondary metabolites by means of metabolic engineering.
The Cellulase System of Cellulomonas fimi

Supernatants from cultures of Cellulomonas fimi contained up to 10 components with CM-cellulase activity as determined by non-denaturing PAGE. Some of the active components were glycosylated. The activity profiles of the supernatants, as determined by PAGE, varied with the cellulosic substrate used for the growth of a culture, with culture age, and with storage of the supernatants. These variations were a consequence of proteolysis and a reduction in the glycosylation of some of the components. Proteinase activity in the supernatants was induced by growth of C. fimi on cellulosic substrates. Proteolysis and a reduction in glycosylation resulted in the conversion of slow-moving into fast-moving components on non-denaturing PAGE. The fast-moving components had a reduced ability to bind to an insoluble cellulosic substrate such as Avicel. Several of the CM-cellulase activities in culture supernatants were immunologically related. In contrast to the large number of CM-cellulases found in the supernatant, substrate-bound activity comprised only three slow-moving components, at least some of which were glycosylated. It was concluded that the cellulase system of C. fimi was composed of only three enzymes, and that these enzymes had a great affinity for, and were stabilized by binding to, an insoluble cellulosic substrate. Enzymes which accumulated free in the culture medium were subject to limited proteolysis and de-glycosylation which generated a variety of products, some of which retained enzymic activity.
Adaptive Electrical Impedance Tomography Resolution Enhancement Using Statistically Quantized Projected Image Sub-Bands

This paper proposes an adaptive image enhancement method for electrical impedance tomography (EIT). The images are enhanced based on a steerable and multi-scale resolution enhancement algorithm. It is initiated by capturing the spatial variations in decomposition orientations, and decomposition scales of the EIT image. The interpretation of projected image sub-bands is translated into resolution through statistical processes. A steerable filter containing Gaussian basis function derivatives captures the statistical information. Using the regional quantization method (RQM) proposed in this paper, projection weights are computed through spatial statistics of the image sub-bands and tuned adaptively. RQM assigns more resolution to those directional edges which have higher standard deviation and embeds high-order curvatures into the EIT images while suppressing noise. Comparison with conventional image enhancement methods demonstrates the superior performance of RQM. Using RQM it is shown that for 16, 32 and 64 electrode configurations with noise-free recording of $32\times 32$ EIT images the number of electrodes can be reduced by 5, 7 and 12 respectively without loss of detail.
The complete chloroplast genome of Sibbaldia aphanopetala (Rosaceae: Potentilleae)

Abstract The complete chloroplast genome of Sibbaldia aphanopetala reported herein was a circular DNA molecule of 153,491 bp in length. The genome had a typical quadripartite structure, consisting of a pair of inverted repeats (IRa and IRb: 25,611 bp) separated by a large single-copy region (LSC: 84,244 bp) and a small single-copy region (SSC: 18,025 bp). The cp genome encoded a set of 129 genes, containing 84 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that S. aphanopetala was sister to S. procumbens.
A Review of Switching Oscillations of Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Devices

Wide bandgap (WBG) devices offer the advantages of high frequency, high efficiency, and high power density to power converters due to their excellent performance. However, their low parasitic capacitance and fast switching speed also make them more susceptible to switching oscillations. The switching oscillations can cause voltage and current overshoots, shoot-through, electromagnetic interference, additional power loss, and even device damage, which can seriously affect the performance of power converters and systems. However, a comprehensive and in-depth overview is lacking on this topic. This article reviews the types, the causes and negative effects, the effects of parasitic parameters and suppression methods of these switching oscillations, which is helpful for practical engineering. First, the switching oscillations are divided into different types, and their causes and negative effects are reviewed. Then, the effects of different parasitic parameters on the switching oscillations are overviewed. It is found that due to the different physical structures of silicon carbide metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors, enhancement-mode gallium nitride high-electron mobility transistors (eGaN HEMTs), and cascode GaN HEMTs, the effects are also different. Finally, the main methods of suppressing the switching oscillations are summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are presented. Furthermore, future research works on this topic and the conclusion of this paper are drawn, which will help readers deepen their understanding of the switching oscillations of WBG devices, and inspire readers to better use WBG devices for high-frequency and high-efficient power conversion.
THE ACCUMULATION OF ZINC BY SUBCELLULAR FRACTIONS OF ROOTS OF AGROSTIS TENUIS SIBTH. IN RELATION TO ZINC TOLERANCE

Summary Zinc tolerance in the grass, Agrostis tennis Sibth. , was investigated by comparing the uptake of radiozinc by the cell wall and mitochondrial fractions from the roots of sixteen different populations. Large differences in tolerance between populations were found. There was a significant correlation between zinc accumulation by each subcellular fraction and the index of zinc tolerance but the cell wall fraction accumulated a greater quantity of zinc. There was no correlation between the nitrogen content of the cell wall fraction and zinc tolerance. The importance of metal accumulation by the cell wall fraction is discussed and it is suggested that it is a major feature of the mechanism of tolerance to heavy metals in A. tenuis.