Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Victim Identification, Framing Heuristic and Stress Effects on the Donation Decision

The tendency of an individual to share his beings with other people arises from the social aspect of human nature. Especially in today's conditions where the gap between advantageous and disadvantaged groups is getting deeper, donation is extremely important to reach a global level of welfare and to create fair living standards for all. Due to the stated priorities, donation behavior has an important place among both religious and moral values. However, the factors that lead an individual towards donation behavior are not only social rules. In addition to external factors, important internal factors such as emotions also play a big role in the donation decision. In addition, there are many variables such as the donated thing itself, total assets of the donor and indeed the characteristics of the donor. Donation behavior, which is widely examined in the literature, is also considered as an important decision making subject. In our study, the effects that motivate an individual towards a donation; along with the donation amount and the ratio of donation, were examined with framing heuristics which express the individual's knowledge of the victim. The mentioned variables were associated with stress as one of the strongest negative arousal output, to understand the emotional aspect of a donation decision. The stress levels of the participants, who manipulated by two different scenarios, were monitored with galvanic skin response to determine the decision-making scenarios which triggered stress. As a result; it has been found that the individual's effort to gain the money he donates and the features of the donation call significantly affect the decision.
Advances in molecular and genomic research to safeguard food and feed supply from aflatoxin contamination

Worldwide recognition that aflatoxin contamination of agricultural commodities by the fungus Aspergillus flavus is a global problem has significantly benefitted from global collaboration for understanding the contaminating fungus, as well as for developing and implementing solutions against the contamination. The effort to address this serious food and feed safety issue has led to a detailed understanding of the taxonomy, ecology, physiology, genomics and evolution of A. flavus, as well as strategies to reduce or control pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination, including (1) biological control, using atoxigenic aspergilli, (2) proteomic and genomic analyses for identifying resistance factors in maize as potential breeding markers to enable development of resistant maize lines, and (3) enhancing host-resistance by bioengineering of susceptible crops, such as cotton, maize, peanut and tree nuts. A post-harvest measure to prevent the occurrence of aflatoxin contamination in storage is also an important component.
Exhumation Timing in the Oregon Cascade Range Decoupled From Deformation, Magmatic, and Climate Patterns

The Cascade Range in the Pacific Northwest, USA, developed as an Eocene to recent volcanic arc along the Pacific/North American ocean‐continent subduction zone. The volcanic arc is characterized by temporally and spatially variable magmatism. Crustal deformation that accompanied development of the arc transitions from N‐S transpression in the Yakima Fold Belt and Puget lowland (western Washington, northern Oregon) to generally E‐W transtension in the south (central and southern Oregon). Orography focuses precipitation along the western flank of the Cascade Range, whereas the eastern flank is relatively arid. We use the unique spatial variation in deformation, magmatic history, and orographic precipitation to investigate the contributions from tectonic and surface processes to rock uplift. We reconstruct the exhumation pathway of plutonic rocks throughout the Cascade Range by exploiting the unique juxtaposition of basalt‐capped ridges above valleys exposing exhumed Cenozoic plutons. Multiple bedrock geochronometers and thermochronometers constrain the thermal history in six catchments along the Cascade arc from southern Oregon to southern Washington. U‐Pb geochronology defines circa 10–24 Ma pluton crystallization ages. Apatite and zircon (U‐Th)/He thermochronology ages range from circa 8–23 Ma. 40Ar/39Ar geochronology defines circa 5–8 Ma basalt emplacement. Our results reveal spatially and temporally variable shallow exhumation in the southern Washington and Oregon Cascades and that the timing of exhumation is earlier than circa 6–12 Ma exhumation previously reported in the Washington Cascades. Spatially and temporally variable exhumation highlights that crustal deformation plays a significant role in rock uplift in addition to erosional mass removal in concert with orographic precipitation.
IMPLEMENTASI CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY PT. ASTRA INTERNASIONAL MELALUI PROGRAM LINGKUNGAN KAMPUNG BERSERI

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) merupakan komitmen perusahaan secara sukarela untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan komunitas. Program CSR PT. PT. Astra International Tbk. International Tbk. , salah satunya adalah Kampung Kampung Berseri PT. Astra International Tbk. (KBA). Program KBA berkaitan dengan empat pilar perusahaan, yaitu pendidikan, kesehatan, pembinaan Usaha Kecil Menengah (UKM), dan lingkungan. Di dalam pelaksanaannya, perusahaan bekerja sama dengan warga masyarakat sekitar perusahaan agar terbentuk program berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana divisi CSR dan tim Kampung Berseri PT. Astra International Tbk. melakukan tahapan CSR, yaitu perencanaan, implementasi, dan evaluasi program Kampung Berseri PT. Astra International Tbk. Dengan menggunakan paradigma positivisme serta metode deskriptif. , hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : pertama, pada tahap perencanaan, yakni penetapan tujuan CSR Kampung Berseri PT. Astra International Tbk. mengacu pada visi dan misi utama perusahaan, penetapan target sasaran dengan cara social mapping dan membentuk tim khusus pada masing-masing wilayah. Kedua, pada tahap implementasi SCR Kampung Berseri PT. Astra International Tbk. , PT. PT. Astra International Tbk. Internasional Tbk. melaksanakannya dengan panduan PT. Astra International Tbk. Friendly Company dan strategi sentralisasi serta self-managing. Terdapat kendala dalam pendampingan SDM. Ketiga, tahap evaluasi dilakukan setiap satu semester sekali dengan cara monitoring dan progress report melalui lembar balik, yang juga melibatkan pihak internal dan eksternal perusahaan.Kata-kata Kunci: Corporate Social Responsibility, Implementasi, Kampung Berseri, Program, PT. Astra International Tbk.
Factors affecting DNA methylation in the sperm of men with male factor infertility

ii LAY ABSTRACT . iv PREFACE . v TABLE OF CONTENTS . vi LIST OF TABLES . xi LIST OF FIGURES . xii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . xiv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . xix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Development . 1 1.1.1 Induction of Primordial Germ Cells . 1 1.1.2 Sex Differentiation . 4 1.2 Spermatogenesis . 5 1.2. 1 Spermatogonia . 5 1.2. 2 Meiosis I. 9 1.2. 3 Meiosis II . 12 1.2. 4 Spermatid Remodelling . 13 1.3 Regulation . 16 1.4 Male Infertility . 19 1.4. 1 Assisted Reproductive Technologies . 19 1.4. 2 Phenotypes of Male Infertility . 21 1.4. 3 Genetic Causes of Male Infertility . 22
Hormone Signaling in Adventitious Root Formation in Solanum dulcamara

Plants are constantly subjected to environmental stresses, among which flooding is one of the most severe due to its increasing occurrence and the increasingly large area affected. Flooding causes devastating damage to global agricultural production. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to understand plant response to flooding, with the hope to provide useful insights for breeders and maintain crop performance under less predictable climatic conditions. Adventitious root (AR) formation is a characteristic adaptation to flooding. These de-novo formed roots can sustain plants with nutrients, water and oxygen supply, therefore enabling them to survive under flooding. In this thesis, we build hormonal signaling models which regulate AR formation under two different water regimes, partial and complete submergence in Solanum dulcamara. Evidences from both physiological and molecular analysis revealed that ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA) are antagonistically involved in the biological processes related partial-flooding induced AR formation. ABA INSENSITIVE5 (ABI5), a core transcription factor in ABA signaling pathway, was found to negatively modulate AR outgrowth, possibly by mediating plants’ hypoxia response. Auxin presence and proper signaling are necessary for AR outgrowth in both partially and completely submerged S. dulcamara plants. Overall, These results provides novel insights to understand plant responses to environmental factors.
An Optimal Intrusion Detection System using GWO-CSA-DSAE Model

ABSTRACT In the high demand of the cloud computing environment, intrusion detection in a cloud network playing a big role in maintaining the faith of the client(s). Due to the increasing complexity of the cloud environment, the existing approaches which use the conventional neural networks are not able to utilise the relevant information from the network traffic, which leads to a low detection rate. This reduces the stability of the existing approaches in this changing environment. In this paper, an anomaly-based cloud intrusion detection system (IDS) is proposed for finding the intrusions in a cloud network. The proposed system uses a hybrid metaheuristic algorithm for feature selection and a deep learning approach for classification. For feature selection, grey wolf optimisation (GWO) is hybrid with a crow search algorithm (CSA), which extracts relevant features from the cloud network connection to be processed more effectively in the deep learning classifier section. A deep sparse auto-encoder (DSAE) is employed for the classification purpose. For the performance comparison, the considered metrics are accuracy, precision, recall or detection rate (DR), and F1 Score. Three publically well-known available datasets namely NSL-KDD, UNSW-NB15, and CICIDS 2017 have been considered for analysing the performance of the proposed GWO-CSA-DSAE model for intrusion detection in a cloud network. The experimental results of the proposed model have been compared with the results of existing recent approaches in the case of binary classification and multi-class classification. It is found that GWO-CSA-DSAE model is better for intrusion detection, which is the proposed model for intrusion detection in a cloud network.
Beyond biomass: Soil feedbacks are transient over plant life stages and alter fitness

Plants influence associated soil biotic communities that in turn can alter the performance of the subsequently growing plants. Although such “plant–soil feedbacks” (PSFs) are considered as important drivers of plant community assembly, past PSF studies have mainly addressed plant biomass production. However, plant performance is not only the production of biomass but comprises a sequence of different life stages: from seed germination over vegetative growth up to the production of a viable progeny. Here, we assessed the effects of soil biotic communities that were previously conditioned for 3 years by a focal plant species monoculture or species mixtures on key plant life stages from germination and vegetative growth to flowering and the production of viable seeds. We used three common grassland herb species that were grown in a sterile substrate and inoculated with a sterile control soil or with living soils. Living soils were conditioned either by the focal species in monoculture or a four‐ or eight‐species mixture that included the focal species to represent a decrease in the target plants’ conspecific influence on the soil communities. We show that the effect of soil biota changed from positive at the plants’ juvenile life stages to neutral or negative at the plants’ adult life stages and ultimately decreased plant fitness. A higher conspecific influence on the soil communities pronounced the positive effects at the juvenile life stage but also the negative effects at adult life stages. Further, we observed direct soil biotic effects on flower production and plant fitness that were not mediated by adult biomass production. This suggests that soil biotic effects may alter plant resource allocation and even may have transgenerational effects on plant fitness. Synthesis. We conclude that there is no overarching effect of soil biota that remains consistent at all the life stages of a plant. Thus, our results highlight the importance to consider plant life stage and ultimately plant fitness especially when plant–soil interactions are used to explain plant community dynamics.
Metabolic disease of broiler birds and its management: A review

Metabolic disease has developed into a major problem to the broiler industry, which are responsible for high morbidity and mortality of poultry. Forced selection for faster growth of broiler chicken results in an increase burden on cardiovascular system, which predisposes the birds to metabolic disorder such as ascites, sudden death syndrome and leg weakness. To overcome these problems we have to focus on managemantel practice such as provision of thermoneutral environment, growth curve manipulation through feed restriction programs and use of antioxidants.
International Comparative Study on Computational Thinking Education in K-12

As a new product of the computing age, computational thinking is considered to be a thinking method and strategy by using computational tools and methods to solve problems. It has the potential to play a vital role in the overall and lifelong development of everyone. In recent years, computational thinking education has gradually approached the horizons of educational researchers. However, the development of research and practice are still in the early stage. The questions such as unclear research objectives, not extensive research levels and not deep research issues are gradually revealed. What and how to teach become a huge problem for frontline teachers. In order to find out strategic measures to solve practical problems, we selected USA, England, Lithuania, France and China as the research object. Each country has its own plan to develop CT at the K-12 stage. With the focus on CT education, the purpose of this paper is to compare and discuss the representative development path through the lens of international perspectives and cultural contexts to provide a general framework of CT education across the globe. We divide the whole framework into three parts: production, learning, and research. And we describe the framework as a tree, and the branches represent the dimensions, consisting of five parts: policy-making, non-profit organization, industry promotion, teacher training, course implementation. Each dimension is related to each other and echoes each other to form a large whole system. The root of the tree represents the needs of students, indicates that all the dimensions are to serve for students. The aim is to develop computational thinking, logical thinking, digital competences of the students who need to prepare for the digital world.
Digital Microfluidics for Multidimensional Biology

Digital microfluidics (DMF) has emerged in the past decade as a novel microfluidic paradigm. As a liquid handling technology, DMF facilitates the electrostatic manipulation of discrete nanoand microlitre droplets across open electrode arrays providing the advantages of single sample addressability, automation, and parallelization. This thesis presents DMF advances toward improved functionality and compatibility for automated miniaturized cell culture in two and three dimensions. Through the development and integration of surface patterning techniques we demonstrate a virtual microwell method for high precision on-device reagent dispensing in one and two plate DMF geometries. These methods are shown to be compatible with two-dimensional culture of immortalized cell lines on ITO, primary cells on coated surfaces, and for co-culture assays. We further extrapolate this method for the formation of microgels on-demand where form micro scale hydrogel structures through passive dispensing in a wide array of geometries. With this system we interrogate three-dimensional cell culture models, specifically for the recapitulation of kidney epthelialization and the analysis of functional cardiac microgels.
Étude de l'influence du champignon mycorhizogène Laccaria laccata (Scop. Ex Fr. ) Berk. Et Br. Sur les maladies causées par Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht chez les espèces résineuses

A survey of damping-off and root rot diseases in different forest nurseries between 1982-1984 revealed that the disease severity and the causal agents involved varied greatly depending on nurseries sampling years and conifer species. Considerable losses occurred every year although serious outbreaks were sporadic. The principal causal agents involved were the three common damping-off fungi i. E. Pythium spp. , Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn and Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. Although these three causal agents coexisted in most of forest nursery soils, F. Oxysporum was the most prevalent causing both damping-off and root rots of conifers. No correlation was observed between disease severity and such factors as sampling years, seedling age or location of nurseries. Conifer species differed in susceptibility. Larch, spruce and pines in general were the most susceptible. Fusarium was more prevalent in slightly acid soils, Pythium spp. In neutral soils whereas R. Solani was present in all soil types. The disease intensity as well as the type of pathogen involved independent of soil type were mainly related to local weather conditions prevailing at seedling emergence. Methods were adapted or developed for studying the population dynamics and disease expression (soil infectivity) of F. Oxysporum in soil. Soil infectivity is the ability of a pathogen infested soil to induce disease on a susceptible host population. Using this concept, the pathogen can be studied in its natural ecological environment by taking into consideration all the physico-chemical and microbiological components in the infested soil. A bio-assay was developed using young seedlings of Pinus nigra v. Corsicana as living-plant baits.
Impact of CEOs’ Academic Work Experience on Firms’ Innovation Output and Performance: Evidence from Chinese Listed Companies

To date, the effect of the specific type of prior work experience of chief executive officers (CEOs) on innovation and firm performance remains poorly understood. Using upper perspective theory, this study argues that CEOs’ academic work experience affects firms’ innovation output, which in turn determines how research and development (R&D) activities affect firm performance. Analyzing a sample of 1210 Chinese publicly traded firms from 2013–2017, we found that firms with CEOs who were previously associated with universities or research institutions had better innovation output and performance than firms led by CEOs without such background. In addition, we found that former academics spent more on R&D investment, resulting in lower firm performance compared to firms that were not led by CEOs with an academic background. Furthermore, the innovation output was even higher, and performance was inversely reduced for ventures where state ownership is significant.
Evaluating Climate Models with the CLIVAR 2020 ENSO Metrics Package

El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the dominant mode of interannual climate variability on the planet, with far-reaching global impacts. It is therefore key to evaluate ENSO simulations in state-of-the-art numerical models used to study past, present, and future climate. Recently, the Pacific Region Panel of the International Climate and Ocean: Variability, Predictability and Change (CLIVAR) Project, as a part of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP), led a community-wide effort to evaluate the simulation of ENSO variability, teleconnections, and processes in climate models. The new CLIVAR 2020 ENSO metrics package enables model diagnosis, comparison, and evaluation to 1) highlight aspects that need improvement; 2) monitor progress across model generations; 3) help in selecting models that are well suited for particular analyses; 4) reveal links between various model biases, illuminating the impacts of those biases on ENSO and its sensitivity to climate change; and to 5) advance ENSO literacy. By interfacing with existing model evaluation tools, the ENSO metrics package enables rapid analysis of multipetabyte databases of simulations, such as those generated by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phases 5 (CMIP5) and 6 (CMIP6). The CMIP6 models are found to significantly outperform those from CMIP5 for 8 out of 24 ENSO-relevant metrics, with most CMIP6 models showing improved tropical Pacific seasonality and ENSO teleconnections. Only one ENSO metric is significantly degraded in CMIP6, namely, the coupling between the ocean surface and subsurface temperature anomalies, while the majority of metrics remain unchanged.
A negative binomial mixture integer-valued GARCH model

This paper generalizes the negative binomial integer-valued GARCH model (NBINGARCH) to a negative binomial mixture integer-valued GARCH (NBMINGARCH) for modeling time series of counts with presence of overdispersion. This class of models consists of a mixture of K stationary or non-stationary negative binomial integer-valued GARCH components. The advantage of these models over the NBINGARCH models includes the ability to handle multimodality and nonstationary components. Compared to the MINGARCH models, this class of models is more flexible to describe the greater degrees of overdispersion. The necessary and sufficient first and second order stationarity conditions are investigated. The estimation of parameters is done through an EM algorithm and the model is selected by some information criterions. Some simulation results and real data application are provided. Keywords: Time series of counts, Mixture model, Negative binomial, Overdispersion. AMS 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification : 62F10, 62M10
Reading Differently: Exploring "The Power of the Real" in Literary Journalism

This paper contends that previous research on the experience of reading literary journalism has predominantly been focused on the experience of the ideal, implied and/or interpellated reader. Scholarly discussions about the qualitative differences between reading fiction and non-fiction are usually theoretical or based on close readings where the analyses are projected on to a generalised readership. However, recent developments in the fields of psychology, neuroscience, and cognitive narratology are opening avenues for qualitative and quantitative research into the experience of reading literary journalism. This article takes some tentative steps towards exploring the nature of “experientiality” for readers by asking questions of emerging research in order to further articulate the “power” of narrative non-fiction.
Research on the Construction of Product Material Perceptual Evaluation Model Based on EEG Physiological Cognition

In order to improve the user experience of industrial product materials and solve the problems of strong subjectivity and lack of objective data support in the evaluation of industrial product materials, a perceptual evaluation method of product materials based on EEG is proposed, and a comprehensive model of perceptual evaluation of industrial product materials combining psychological and physiological evaluation indexes is established. 20 subjects were recruited to carry out perceptual evaluation tests on 8 kinds of teacups made of different materials, and the established model was calculated mathematically to select the optimal material scheme. The experimental results verified the effectiveness of the model, indicating that the psychological and physiological indexes of users can be mutually verified in the perceptual evaluation of product materials.