Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Settling the Size Matter

The size premium has failed to materialize since its discovery almost 40 years ago, but is seemingly revived when controlling for quality-versus-junk exposures. This article aims to resolve whether there exists a distinct size premium that can be captured in reality. For the United States, the authors confirm that a highly significant alpha emerges in regressions of size on quality, but for international markets, they find that the size premium remains statistically indistinguishable from zero. Moreover, the US size premium appears to be beyond the practical reach of investors because the alpha that is observed ex post in regressions cannot be captured by controlling for quality exposures ex ante. The authors also find that the significant regression alpha in the United States is entirely driven by the short side of quality. Altogether, these results imply that size only adds value in conjunction with a short position in US junk stocks. However, the authors also show that small-cap exposure is vital for unlocking the full potential of other factors, such as value and momentum. They conclude that size is weak as a stand-alone factor, but a powerful catalyst for other factors. TOPICS: Analysis of individual factors/risk premia, factor-based models, portfolio construction Key Findings ▪ The size premium in the United States becomes significant in regressions that control for quality versus junk, but for international markets, it remains small and insignificant. ▪ The US size premium appears to be beyond the reach of investors because it cannot be captured by controlling for quality-versus-junk exposures ex ante. ▪ Size is weak as a stand-alone factor but a vital catalyst for unlocking the full potential of other factors, such as value and momentum.
Dietary Soybean Oil Supplementation Affects Keel Bone Characters and Daily Feed Intake but Not Egg Production and Quality in Laying Hens Housed in Furnished Cages

To evaluate dietary soybean oil supplementation on production performance, egg quality, and keel bone health in laying hens. Two hundred and four laying hens at 20 weeks of age (WOA) were distributed into 12 cages containing 17 birds each. Birds were either fed a commercial diet (control group, CON) or a diet supplemented with 3% of soybean oil (SO group). Experiments lasted 17 weeks. Body weight, daily feed intake, production performance and egg quality were measured at 25, 29, 33, and 37 WOA. Birds were subsequently assessed for keel bone status by palpation, and keel was excised to measure bone length, microstructure, bone mineral density (BMD), elements contents, and the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), collagen type II alpha 1 (COL2α1), periostin (POSTN), and sclerostin (SOST). The results showed that dietary SO supplementation did not affect production performance and egg quality (P > 0.05), but improved body weight of hens at 29 and 37 WOA (P < 0.05), and decreased daily feed intake at 33 and 37 WOA (P < 0.05). Incidence of keel bone damage (especially fracture) was higher in hens of SO group. Keel bone length in birds of SO group was significantly decreased compared to CON (P < 0.05). Keel bone of supplemented hens showed increased trabecular separation at 29 WOA and higher levels of V, Mn, Fe, Se, and Ba at 33 WOA (P < 0.05). Moreover, decreased BMD, trabecular number and thickness were observed in keel bone of laying hens receiving supplementation at 29 and 37 WOA (P < 0.05); decreased levels of Li, Ca, Hg, and TI at 33 WOA and trabecular thickness at 37 WOA (P < 0.05) were also identified. mRNA levels of SOST and RANKL and the ratio of RANKL/OPG mRNA levels were increased in birds fed a SO-supplemented diet (P < 0.05); COL2α1, OPG, and POSTN were downregulated at all sampling points (P < 0.05). Taken together, results indicate that feeding laying hens a diet supplemented with soybean oil can decrease daily feed intake and impair keel bone health but not influence production performance and egg quality.
Effect of Water Activity and Temperature in Color and Chlorophylls Changes in Yerba Mate Leaves

The kinetics of chlorophylls (a and b) degradation were studied in yerba maté leaves at different temperatures (50 to 808C) and water activities (0.1 to 0.8). Chlorophyll changes followed a first order-kinetic reaction in all cases. Rate constant values were fitted to different models to describe temperature and water activity dependence. When an Arrhenius model was used, the activation energy was found to be dependant on water activity for chlorophyll a (80.4–99.7 kJ/mol), while for chlorophyll b activation energy showed only a little variation (88.1–89.5 kJ/mol). Color parameter a* underwent a great decrease while parameters L* and b* had only a little variation.
Structural and Bonding Trends in Ruthenium Pyrochlores

Abstract The structures of four semiconducting ruthenium pyrochlores,Ln2Ru2O7(Ln= Pr, Nd, Tb, and Yb) have been determined by Rietveld refinement of powder neutron diffraction data. These structures, when compared with those of other Ru containing pyrochlores, especially the metallically conducting pyrochlores, demonstrate that the differences in the Ru–O bond distances between metallic and semiconducting ruthenium pyrochlores are small and highlight the importance of the easily polarizable group 13/15 cations in facilitating large Ru–O–Ru angles. While Ru–O–Ru angles greater than 133° are undoubtedly necessary to facilitate metallic conductivity, it appears that electron delocalization from theAsite cation is at least equally important.
Inventory and mechanisms of cultural control practices for weed management, a review

An inventory of cultural control practices is undertaken by considering each practice for its biological selectivity with respect to weeds. Descriptions of cultural practices in the literature are often brief. Some recent syntheses neglect knowledge from older publications. Disagreement concerning the delimitation of these practices is common. Clarification of the knowledge base concerning the cultural management of field flora is required for "sustainable agriculture". The selectivity most often mentioned for each practice is limited to a few examples of taxa in a geographically limited area and is rarely considered in the light of general mechanisms of action on biological cycles. The controversial distinction made by many authors between preventive and curative methods is unnecessary. Each practice listed is presented with its biological target. On the scale of a single cultural cycle, thirty practices are compared. Each target tends to have a specific biological descriptor. Most of the practice target pairs have the disadvantage of having an extreme state opposed to that of the target. Crop rotations are described as successions between non-competitive crops or practices that encourage certain weeds on the one hand and cleaning crops or practices on the other. The latter mainly target diaspores that have a lifespan inferior to the planned cleaning duration. The allelopathic after-effects show three mechanisms. In temperate climates, rotations may be complex with respect to the diversity of crop and weed phenologies. Combinations of cultural interventions must take into account the mechanisms involved, particularly because some results could cancel each other out.
The mechanism of methane fermentation in flooded paddy soil

Abstract Methane is a gas occurring ap~ndantly in . nature as a product of anaerobic bacterial decemposition of organic matter under water. Methane arises not. only from stagnaat and putrescent, pools but also from soils used in rice culture during summer (1,2.3).
Removal of DOM and THM formation potential of tropical surface water by ceramic microfiltration

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) and trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) removal by ceramic microfiltration (CMF) under different operating conditions was investigated and compared with the performance of a conventional water treatment plant at Bangkhen, Thailand. The tropical surface raw water for all the experiments was taken from Chaophraya River, Bangkok, Thailand. CMF studies were conducted with both pilot scale (Pilot-CMF) and laboratory scale (Lab-CMF) units. Observations indicate that the properties of raw water such as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA) vary with time. Under these varying raw water conditions, the conventional water treatment process demonstrates varying THMFP removals. The Pilot-CMF provides better and steady THMFP removals compared to conventional process. Bangkhen water treatment plant (BWTP) filtrate SUVA (2.01±1.07) and Pilot-CMF filtrate SUVA (3.22±0.98) were significantly lower compared to raw water SUVA (4.79±1.39). This SUVA reduction indicated a higher removal of aromatic DOMs through both treatment processes. Pilot-CMF manifest a grater removal of hydrophilic DOM compared to filtrate from BWTP. This corresponds to a higher reduction of THMFP by Pilot-CMF over BWTP. It was found that higher removal of DOC by Pilot-CMF is associated with coagulation process, effects of suspended solids and membrane properties.
High-Yield Biocatalytic Amination Reactions in Organic Synthesis

The amino functionality gives important biological activity in pharmaceutical com-pounds. The formation of chiral amines and amino acids can be accomplished by seve-ral chemical routes but enzymatic formation of amines offers many advantages in pre-paring chiral amino compounds or amination of fragile compounds compared to stoi-chiometric or catalytic chemical transformations. Biocata- lytic routes to amines primarily use enzymes of the transaminase class (also known as aminotransferases) which transfer the amino func- tion from a donor organic compound to a ketone or aldehyde acceptor. Although known since 1937, the transamination reaction experi- ences re-newed interest due to the advances in biochemistry and molecular biology and the excellent selectivity of biocatalysts. Other en- zymes that have been used to synthesize chiral amines are from the phenylalanine ammonia lyase class that use ammonia as the amino source. The use of recombinant enzymes for the biocatalytic preparation of amines is expanding at a great rate and the range of enzymes revealed in DNA se-quence databases is of the order of tens of thousands. Since a large number of ketone substrates like ketones, hy- droxyketones and ketoacids can be made by chemical syn-thesis, the growing toolbox of � - , � -, � -, � -, � - and � -transaminases enable the synthe-sis of various new chemical entities by biocatalytic amination reactions. In order to simplify the isolation and purification of the product, it is useful to drive the amination reaction to completion. The biocatalytic processes that have been developed show different strategies of overcoming the kinetic limitations of the transaminase reactions and show how some enzymes have been used in processes to make large quantities of chiral compounds with amino functionalities.
CHANGES IN FUNCTIONALITY OF SOY-BASED EXTRUDATES DURING SINGLE-SCREW EXTRUSION PROCESSING

The effects of defatted soy flour content, feed moisture, screw speed and temperature on the functionality of soy-based extrudates were studied. Defatted soy flour and corn flour were mixed with ratios from 10% up to 30% of soy flour. The moisture contents of the blends (wet basis) have three levels: 15%, 18% and 21%. The barrel temperatures and screw speeds of the single screw extruder were controlled from 155 to 185°C and 180 to 220 rpm range, respectively. Shear force, color of the extrudates, expansion ratio, bulk density and water absorption were measured. Higher soybean flour content significantly increased shear force, bulk density and Hunter a* values and significantly decreased expansion ratio and Hunter L* values. High feed moisture significantly increased bulk density and Hunter L* values while significantly decreasing shear force and Hunter a* values. High process temperature significantly increased shear force and Hunter a* values and decreased bulk density. Increasing screw speed resulted in significantly increased bulk density. Understanding the relationship between extrusion parameters and physicochemical properties of the extrudates provides a basis for effective product development.
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Gastrointestinal Parasite in and Around Ada`a Woreda

Gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants are one of the important parasitic diseases that result in reduced productivity. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2018 to April 2019 in Ada’a district of East Showa zone. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of GINs in small ruminants, to assess some of the associated risk factors, and to identify the nematode genera involved by fecal examination. A total of 206 randomly sampled sheep and goats were undergone coprological examination by simple floatation technique and 126 (61.2%) of examined animals were found positive for one or more genera of GINs. Specifically, a prevalence of 61.4% (102) in sheep and 60% (24) in goats was recorded. This study revealed that sheep and goats in the study area were infested by a variety of GINs, containing the genera of Haemonchus (25.2%), Oesophagostomum (11.7%), Strongyloides (7.3%), Trichostrongylus (6.3%), Trichuris (3.9%) and Bunostomum (1%) in descending order of prevalence. However, Trichuris and Bunostomum were not detected in samples from goats. Sex wise prevalence of 57.5% in male and 63.2% in females were obtained. Based on age the prevalence of GINs was 73.3% and 56.2% in young and adult age groups respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (p 0.05). Counts of Strongyle eggs revealed that 39.3%, 12.6%, and 9.2% of examined animals were found to be lightly, moderately, and massively infested, respectively. In general, this study showed that GIN infections pose a serious health threat and remain one of the major impediments to small ruminant production in the study area. Therefore, economically feasible, effective management and strategic de-worming of small ruminants should be implemented for the prevention and control of the disease.
Prevalence and Predictors of Health-Related Internet and Digital Device Use in a Sample of South Asian Adults in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada: Results From a 2014 Community-Based Survey

Background South Asian Canadians are at high risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Consumer-oriented health information technology may help mitigate lifestyle risk factors and improve chronic disease self-management. Objective This study aims to explore the prevalence, patterns, and predictors of the use of the internet, digital devices, and apps for health purposes as well as preferences for future use of eHealth support in South Asian Canadians. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional, mixed-mode survey in a convenience sample of 831 South Asian adults recruited at faith-based gathering places, health care settings, and community events in Edmonton, Alberta, in 2014. The 706 responders (mean age 47.1, SD 17.6 years; n=356, 50.4% female; n=509, 72.1% Sikh) who provided complete sociodemographic information were included in the analysis, and the denominators varied based on the completeness of responses to each question. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine sociodemographic and health status predictors of internet use, being a web-based health information seeker, smartphone or tablet ownership, health app use, and willingness to use various modes of eHealth support. Results Of all respondents, 74.6% (527/706) were internet users and 47.8% (336/703) were web-based health information seekers. In addition, 74.9% (527/704) of respondents owned a smartphone or tablet and 30.7% (159/518) of these had a health and fitness app. Most internet users (441/527, 83.7%) expressed interest in using ≥1 mode of eHealth support. Older age, being female, having less than high school education, preferring written health information in languages other than English, and lacking confidence in completing medical forms predicted lack of internet use. Among internet users, factors that predicted web-based health information seeking were being female, use of the internet several times per day, being confident in completing medical forms, and preferring health information in English. Predictors of not owning a smartphone or tablet were being older, preferring health information in languages other than English, having less than high school education, living in Canada for <5 years, having a chronic health condition, and having diabetes. Increasing age was associated with lower odds of having a health app. Preferring health information in languages other than English consistently predicted lower interest in all modes of eHealth support. Conclusions eHealth-based chronic disease prevention and management interventions are feasible for South Asian adults, but digital divides exist according to language preference, education, age, sex, confidence in completing medical forms, and number of years lived in Canada. Community-based, culturally tailored strategies targeting these factors are required to address existing divides and increase the uptake of credible web-based and app-based resources for health purposes.
Extractable lipid contents and colour in particle‐size separates and bulk arable soils

Chemical alteration of plant biomass to soil organic matter is often accompanied by characteristic trends, e.g. with decreasing particle size and increasing depth organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations and stable carbon isotope values (δ13C) often increase. In agricultural soils, systematic studies of soil organic carbon (SOC) distribution in bulk soils and particle‐size separates of depth profiles are scarce. In this study, three soil profiles from one site with different monoculture crops were analysed for organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations, stable carbon isotopes, bulk extractable lipids, and soil colour. In contrast to most previous observations, stable carbon isotope values were constant over soil depth and within particle‐size separates, probably as a result of little biomass input due to the harvesting techniques applied and the presence of fossil carbon. Bulk extractable lipids contributed 1–10% to the total SOC. Significantly more lipids could be extracted from rye‐ than from maize‐derived SOC. Lipid yields normalized to soil mass increased with decreasing particle size and decreased with depth. When normalized to organic carbon concentration, sand‐size fractions had the largest lipid yields. Soil colour, expressed as Munsell values, was lightest in sand‐ and silt‐size separates. A cross‐plot of Munsell values and their SOC concentrations revealed characteristic, non‐overlapping areas for each particle‐size class and the bulk soils. Clay‐size separates and bulk soils were almost identical in Munsell values, although for clay‐size separates SOC concentrations were much larger than for bulk soils. Thus, the SOC‐rich clay‐size separates exerted the dominant influence on the colour of the bulk soils. Determination of colour and extractable lipid contents could be useful additional parameters for soil characterization.
Oil resistance and physical properties of in situ epoxidized natural rubber from high ammonia concentrated latex

Epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) was prepared via in situ epoxidation from high ammonia concentrated natural rubber latex with formic acid and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a surfactant at 50°C for 4, 8, and 12 h. The obtained ENRs containing 20, 45, and 65 mol % of expoxide groups were denoted ENR20, ENR45, and ENR65, respectively. The differential scanning calorimetric study revealed that they exhibited higher glass transition temperatures than that of natural rubber (−62.4°C), at −38.2°C for ENR20, −27.8°C for ENR45, and −19.7°C for ENR 65. It was clearly seen that their glass transition temperatures increased as the amount of epoxide groups increased. The prepared ENRs were compounded and vulcanized to prepare test specimens for determination of oil resistance and various physical properties. It was found that the swelling of ENRs in oils was substantially less than that of natural rubber. The oil resistance of ENR65 was comparable to that of nitrile rubber, commonly used as oil resistant rubber. ENR65 also showed higher hardness than other ENRs. Contrarily, ENR20 possessed superior tensile strength and compression set when compared with other ENRs. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 3948–3955, 2006
Organic photovoltaic devices with low resistance multilayer graphene transparent electrodes

The authors report the characteristics of organic solar cells (OSCs) fabricated on HNO3-treated multilayer graphene (MLG) transparent electrodes. MLG transparent electrodes were prepared using chemical vapor deposition and a multitransfer process. Compared to untreated-MLG electrodes with a fairly high sheet resistance (274 ± 1 Ω/sq) even though three layers of graphene were stacked together, HNO3-treated MLG electrode shows a lower sheet resistance of 119 ± 1 Ω/sq. OSCs (MLG/poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)/Poly(3-hexylthiophere)/1-(3-methoxycarbonyl)-propyl-1-phenyl-(6,6)C61/Ca/Al) fabricated on untreated-MLG transparent electrodes had an open-circuit voltage of 0.575 V, a short-circuit current of 8.08 mA/cm2, a fill factor of 43.5%, and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.02%. In contrast, application of HNO3-treated MLG films as transparent electrodes for OSCs led to improved performance with an open-circuit voltage of 0.602 V, a short-circuit current of 8.26 mA/cm2, a fil.