Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Co-adaption of tRNA gene copy number and amino acid usage influences translation rates in three life domains

The cellular translation process should obey the principle of maximizing efficiency and minimizing resource and energy costs. Here, we validated this principle by focusing on the basic translation components of tRNAs and amino acids. To most efficiently utilize these components, we reasoned that the quantities of the 20 tRNAs and their corresponding amino acids would be consistent in an organism. The two values should match at both the organismal and protein scales. For the former, they co-vary to meet the need to translate more proteins in fast-growing or larger cells. For the latter, they are consistent to different extents for various proteins in an organism to comply with different needs of translation speed. In this work, 310 out of 410 genomes in three domains had significant co-adaptions between the tRNA gene copy number and amino acid composition, and thus validating the principle at the organism scale. Furthermore, fast-growing bacteria co-adapt better than slow-growing ones. Highly expressed proteins and those connected to acute responses have better co-adaption, illustrating the principle at the individual protein scale. Experimentally, manipulating the tRNA gene copy number to optimize co-adaption between enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and tRNA gene set of Escherichia coli indeed lifted the translation rate (speed). Our results also contribute to revealing a translation rate-associated factor with universal and global effects. From a practical perspective, our findings suggest a strategy to increase the expression of target proteins and have implications for designing chassis cells in the field of synthetic biology field.
Robust H∞ filtering of linear systems with time-varying delay

A robust delay-dependent H/sub /spl infin// filtering design is proposed for linear continuous systems with parameter uncertainty and time-varying delay. The resulting filter is of the general linear observer type and it guarantees that the induced L/sub 2/-norm of the system, relating the exogenous signals to the estimation error, is less than a prescribed level for all possible parameters that reside in a given polytope. Our design is based on the application of the descriptor model transformation and Park's inequality for the bounding of cross terms and is expected to be the least conservative as compared to existing design methods. A numerical example indeed demonstrates this advantage of the new filtering scheme.
Increased Verbal Interaction via Group Techniques with Regressed Schizophrenics

Verbal interaction on the tenth 50-min. session of remotivation therapy for 8 hospitalized male chronic schizophrenics (Mage = 57.87) increased significantly over the level for 8 comparable schizophrenic patients who served as controls. Increased verbal interaction appeared on both a structured and an unstructured task. Although individual differences were marked, the efficacy of remotivation therapy with chronic schizophrenics is suggested.
Differentiation of the Major Listeria monocytogenes Serovars by Multiplex PCR

ABSTRACT A new multiplex PCR assay was developed to separate the four major Listeria monocytogenes serovars isolated from food and patients (1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, and 4b) into distinct groups. The PCR test, which constitutes a rapid and practical alternative to laborious classical serotyping, was successfully evaluated with 222 Listeria strains.
Differential sensitivity to apoptosis between the human small and large intestinal mucosae: Linkage with segment‐specific regulation of Bcl‐2 homologs and involvement of signaling pathways *

The small and large intestines differ in their expression profiles of Bcl‐2 homologs. Intestinal segment‐specific Bcl‐2 homolog expression profiles are acquired as early as by mid‐gestation (18–20 weeks) in man. In the present study, we examined the question whether such distinctions underlie segment‐specific control mechanisms of intestinal cell survival. Using mid‐gestation human jejunum and colon organotypic cultures, we analyzed the impact of growth factors (namely insulin; 10 μg/ml) and pharmacological compounds that inhibit signal transduction molecules/pathways (namely tyrosine kinases, Fak, PI3‐K/Akt, and MEK/Erk) on cell survival and Bcl‐2 homolog expression (anti‐apoptotic: Bcl‐2, Bcl‐XL, Mcl‐1; pro‐apoptotic: Bax, Bak, Bad). The relative activation levels of p125Fak, p42Erk‐2, and p57Akt were analyzed as well. Herein, we report that (1) the inhibition of signal transduction molecules/pathways revealed striking differences in their impact on cell survival in the jejunum and colon (e.g., the inhibition of p125Fak induced apoptosis with a significantly greater extent in the jejunum [∼43%] than in the colon [∼24%]); (2) sharp distinctions between the two segments were noted in the modulatory effects of the various treatments on Bcl‐2 homolog steady‐state levels (e.g., inhibition of tyrosine kinase activities in the jejunum down‐regulated all anti‐apoptotics analyzed while increasing Bax, whereas the same treatment in the colon down‐regulated Bcl‐XL only and increased all pro‐apoptotics); and (3) in addition to their differential impact on cell survival and Bcl‐2 homolog expression, the MEK/Erk and PI3‐K/Akt pathways were found to be distinctively regulated in the jejunum and colon mucosae (e.g., insulin in the jejunum increased p42Erk‐2 activation without affecting that of p57Akt, whereas the same treatment in the colon decreased p42Erk‐2 activation while increasing that of p57Akt). Altogether, these data show that intestinal cell survival is characterized by segment‐specific susceptibilities to apoptosis, which are in turn linked with segmental distinctions in the involvement of signaling pathways and the regulation of Bcl‐2 homolog steady‐state levels. Therefore, these indicate that cell survival is subject to segment‐specific control mechanisms along the proximal‐distal axis of the intestine. J. Cell. Biochem. 82: 339–355, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Packaging Innovations for High Voltage (HV) GaN Technology

Texas Instruments Inc. (TI) has recently announced the introduction of the semiconductor industry's first high voltage (600V), driver-integrated product built around Gallium Nitride (GaN) technology. Integrating the GaN FET with the driver in a single Quad Flat No-Lead (QFN) package required overcoming a number of challenges. The integrated GaN technology enables greater energy efficiency, increased power density and reduced power loss over silicon, thus enabling industrial, enterprise-computing, telecom and renewable-energy systems to operate significantly faster and more efficiently. This paper will discuss the novel packaging solutions implemented for obtaining excellent performance and manufacturability of the product: chip-package co-design, FET-package interaction, and material selection.
Magnetic targeting and ultrasound mediated drug delivery: Benefits, limitations and combination

This paper reviews the uses of magnetism and ultrasound in therapeutic delivery applications. Emphasis is placed upon magnetic nanoparticles and microbubble ultrasound contrast agents. The underlying physical principles, history, key developments and limitations of these techniques for drug and gene delivery in vitro and in vivo are explored. The combination of ultrasonic and magnetic techniques is also reviewed with particular focus on magnetic microbubbles as delivery agents with the potential to combine the advantages of both methods whilst addressing many of their limitations. Finally, results are presented from a study of a new magnetic microbubble formulation which shows great applicability as a therapeutic delivery vehicle.
Development of a GC‐MS Method for the Simultaneous Analysis of Latent Fingerprint Components *

ABSTRACT: Latent fingerprint residue is a complex mixture of organic and inorganic compounds. A full understanding of the composition of this mixture and how it changes after deposition is lacking. Three solvent systems were compared for the simultaneous extraction and derivatization with ethyl chloroformate of selected amino and fatty acids from a nonporous substrate (Mylar®) for subsequent analysis by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. A solvent system comprised of sodium hydroxide, ethanol, and pyridine was found to be the most effective. This method was applied to the analysis of latent fingerprint residue deposited on Mylar® and preliminary data are presented. Twelve amino acids (e.g., serine, glycine, and aspartic acid) and 10 fatty acids (e.g., tetradecanoic, hexadecanoic, and octadecanoic acids) were identified. The potential application of this method to further the understanding of latent fingerprint chemistry has been demonstrated.
Mode of cell migration to the superficial layers of fetal monkey neocortex

Golgi and electronmicroscopic methods were used to define the shapes and intercellular relationships of cells migrating from their sites of origin near the ventricular surface across the intermediate zone to the superficial neocortical layers of the parietooccipital region in the brains of 75‐ to 97‐day monkey fetuses. After mitotic division in either ventricular or subventricular zones, the cells enter the intermediate zone and assume an elongated bipolar form oriented toward the cortical plate. The leading processes, 50 to 70 μ long, are irregular cytoplasmic cylinders containing prominent Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, microtubules, ribosomal rosettes, immature endoplasmic reticulum and occasional centrioles. They usually terminate in several attenuated expansions, the longest one oriented toward the cortical plate. The trailing processes are more slender, relatively uniform in caliber and display few organelles.
Food insecurity and copping strategies: a perspective from Kersa district, East Hararghe Ethiopia

This study was particularly conducted to measure food security status of farming households, to identify factors influencing rural households’ food insecurity status and to find out the coping strategies. Thus, 120 household heads were selected from three Peasant Associations in the district using probability to proportion size stratified random sampling technique. A survey was conducted to collect the primary data from sample respondents and supplemented by secondary data. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to analyze the potential variables affecting household food insecurity in the study area. The model estimate correctly predicted (84%) of the sample cases, (88.9%) food secure and (96.4%) food insecure. On the other hand, sale of livestock, selling of firewood and charcoal, and seasonal migration, were found to be more frequently practiced copping strategies of the study districts. Finally, limiting population size and giving priority to gender mainstreaming, provision of water harvesting technologies, creating enabling economic and institutional environment were recommended. Keywords: Food insecurity, copping strategies, Kersa distract, East Hararghe
Long-Term Effects of Calcium Antagonists on Augmentation Index in Hypertensive Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Randomized Controlled Study

Background: Our previous retrospective study showed that benidipine was superior to amlodipine (AM) for reducing proteinuria and preserving the augmentation index (AI) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods: The present study enrolled CKD patients whose blood pressure was not well controlled by an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) and a calcium channel blocker other than AM or azelnidipine (AZ). Either AM (5 mg) or AZ (16 mg) was prescribed randomly. Clinical parameters, including proteinuria, serum creatinine, and AI, were measured before initiation of AM or AZ and 1 year later to assess the long-term effect on renal function and central blood pressure. Results: Brachial and central blood pressures were similarly reduced in both groups. However, pulse rate increased in the AM group, but decreased in the AZ group (+3 ± 1 vs. –2 ± 1 bpm, p < 0.0001). The reduction of proteinuria was greater in the AZ group (–29 ± 2 vs. –38 ± 3%, p < 0.01). Improvement of AI adjusted for a pulse rate of 75 bpm was larger in the AZ group than in the AM group (–4 ± 1 vs. –9 ± 1%, p < 0.05). In both groups, estimated GFR remained unchanged throughout the observation period. Conclusion: In hypertensive patients with CKD, combined treatment with AZ and an ARB decreases proteinuria and preferentially improves arterial reflection.
Making design accessible

The paper describes the development of a multimedia program, aimed at Art and Design students, which is concerned with promoting awareness of how designers use drawing in their creative practice. The program was created in response to an identified need to support first year undergraduates applying their drawing skills within an educational environment. The paper illustrates how the team from the University of Ulster developed their section in terms of concept, structure and production methodologies.
Periodicity in distribution. I. Discrete systems

We consider the existence of periodic in distribution solutions to the difference equations in a Banach space. A random process is called periodic in distribution if all its finitedimensional distributions are periodic with respect to shift of time with one period. Only averaged characteristics of a periodic process are periodic functions. The notion of the periodic in distribution process gave adequate description for many dynamic stochastic models in applications, in which dynamics of a system is obviously nonstationary. For example, the processes describing seasonal fluctuations, rotation under impact of daily changes, and so forth belong to this type. By now, a considerable number of mathematical papers has been devoted to periodic and almost periodic in distribution stochastic processes. We give a survey of the theory for certain classes of the linear difference equations in a Banach space. A feature of our treatment is the analysis of the solutions on the whole of axis. Such an analysis gives simple answers to the questions about solution stability of the Cauchy problem on +∞, solution stability of analogous problem on −∞ ,o r of existence solution for boundary value problem and other questions about global behaviour of solutions. Examples are considered, and references to applications are given in remarks to appropriate theorems.
Gender differences in the rates of exposure to stressful life events and sensitivity to their depressogenic effects.

OBJECTIVE Women are at greater risk for major depression than men. The authors sought to determine whether the gender difference in prevalence for major depression was due to more frequent exposure to stressful life events and/or greater sensitivity to their depressogenic effects. METHOD Male-male, female-female, and male-female twin pairs from a population-based registry were personally interviewed. Each interview assessed the occurrence, to the nearest month, of 18 personal and social network classes of stressful life events and episode onsets of major depression. Standard logistic regression analyses were conducted for the same-sex pairs, and each female twin in the opposite-sex pairs was compared with her male co-twin by using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS Women consistently reported higher rates of housing problems, loss of confidant, crises and problems getting along with individuals in their proximal network, and illness of individuals within their distal network. In both the same-sex and opposite-sex samples, men reported higher rates of job loss, legal problems, robbery, and work problems. Consistent sex differences in the depressogenic effect of stressful life events were seen for three event categories: men were more sensitive to the depressogenic effects of divorce or separation and work problems; women were more sensitive to the depressogenic effects of problems getting along with individuals in their proximal network. None of the gender difference in prevalence of major depression could be explained by differing rates of or sensitivities to stressful life events. CONCLUSIONS Women reported more interpersonal whereas men reported more legal and work-related stressful life events. Most life event categories influenced the risk for major depression similarly in the two sexes. The results suggest that the greater prevalence of major depression in women versus men is due neither to differences in the rates of reported stressful life events nor to differential sensitivity to their pathogenic effect.
Psychosocial adjustment of female partners of men with prostate cancer: a review of the literature

Advances in prostate cancer treatments since the 1990s have led to a growing proportion of patients living with the effects of the cancer. Various challenges face the man and his partner from the point of learning of the diagnosis: deciding among numerous diverse treatment options, dealing with side‐effects of treatment and possibly facing the terminal phase of the illness. This invariably has an impact on the patient's family and, in view of the older age group of men usually affected, the experience of a partner is particularly relevant. A thorough review of the research literature reporting directly from partners of prostate cancer patients has not been undertaken previously. For this review, five databases were searched for the decade 1994–2005, during which most of the work in this field has been done. Very few evaluations of psychosocial interventions involving the partner were found, but there was a preponderance of qualitative studies involving small numbers of participants and quantitative surveys with little consistency in the measures used. The literature suggests that partners report more distress than patients, yet believe that patients are the more distressed, and the focus of concern of patients on their sexual function is not shared to an equal degree by their partners. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of Antidepressants during Perimenopause

This article reviews the literature on the use of antidepressants for symptoms associated with perimenopause. In some perimenopausal women, mood instability, insomnia and vasomotor symptoms cause significant distress. Studies of antidepressants for perimenopausal symptoms are summarized, with a focus on perimenopausal depression and vasomotor symptoms. Antidepressants should be considered as an alternative to hormone therapy for perimenopausal depression and hot flashes, especially when hormone therapy is contraindicated, or as an augmentation strategy for women who are only partially responsive to hormone therapy.
Treatment of essential hypertension with a new vasodilator in combination with beta-adrenergic blockade.

Abstract A new piperidino-pyrimidine vasodilator (PDP) when used in the treatment of 11 hypertensive patients, lowered blood pressure from 188/124 to 159/100 over six to seven days. blood-pressure responses to standing, cold-pressor test and Valsalva maneuver persisted, and postural symptoms did not occur despite marked reduction of blood pressure. However, the antihypertensive action was associated with reflexly induced increases in heart rate, cardiac index and norepinephrine excretion and evidence of myocardial ischemia in some patients. Selective beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol prevented this augmentation of cardiac activity and further decreased blood pressure. Although glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow were unchanged, sodium retention occurred in all patients. Such retention appeared to be readily controllable with oral diuretics in the one patient to whom it was given. Thus, PDP combined with propranolol results in highly effective lowering of blood pressure in hypertensive.
SmartRoad: A Mobile Phone Based Crowd-Sourced Road Sensing System

In this paper we describe SmartRoad, a road sensing system that generates and collects mobile sensory data from vehicle-resident mobile phones, in enabling and supporting crowd-sourced road sensing applications and services, as an alternative to expensive road surveys conducted traditionally. We implement the SmartRoad prototype system, and deploy it on 35 volunteer users’ vehicles for 2 months, collecting about 4,000 miles of driving data.
Physical and psychological predictors of exercise dosage in healthy adults.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the exercise dose-response issue in a sample of 121 regular exercisers categorized as relatively low, moderate, or high dosage physical activity participants. METHODS Male and female students, faculty, and staff of a midwestern university, currently engaging in various exercise modalities at least two times per week, were assessed on a variety of factors hypothesized to impact one's degree of exercise involvement. RESULTS ANOVA procedures indicated that low and high dosage groups differed significantly on the variables of age, exercise history, positive affect, and the locus of causality and stability attributional dimensions. Groups did not differ significantly in terms of body mass index, exercise efficacy, perceptions of either personal or external control over exercise behavior, or negative affective reactions to exercise behavior. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the findings of this study suggest that individuals who exercise at varying doses of physical activity may be differentiated by certain demographic, behavioral, physiological, and psychological variables.
Optimization of a dot product accelerator

Vector dot product is an important computation which needs hardware accelerators. We present an optimized accelerator chip that has larger capacity than our prior designs. This design can compute product for 10000 component vectors within 1000 clock cycles, with average being 80 cycles. Our design has superior speed compared to other accelerators.
Mantle Oxidation State and Its Relationship to Tectonic Environment and Fluid Speciation

The earth's mantle is degassed along mid-ocean ridges, while rehydration and possibly recarbonaton occurs at subduction zones. These processes and the speciation of C-H-O fluids in the mantle are related to the oxidation state of mantle peridotite. Peridotite xenoliths from continental localities exhibit an oxygen fugacity (fo2) range from -1.5 to +1.5 log units relative to the FMQ (fayalite-magnetite-quartz) buffer. The lowest values are from zones of continental extension. Highly oxidized xenoliths (fo2 greater than FMQ) come from regions of recent or acive subduction (for example, Ichinomegata, Japan), are commonly amphibole-bearing, and show trace element and isotopic evidence of fluid-rock interaction. Peridotites from ocean ridges are reduced and have an averae fo2 of about -0.9 log units relative to FMQ, virtually coincident with values obtained from mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) glasses. These data are further evidence of the genetic link between MORB liquids and residual peridotite and indicate that the asthenosphere, although reducing, has CO2 and H2O as its major fluid species. Incorporation of oxidized material from subduction zones into the continental lithosphere produces xenoliths that have both asthenospheric and subduction signatures. Fluids in the lithosphere are also dominated by CO2 and H2O, and native C is generally unstable. Although the occurrence of native C (diamond) in deep-seated garnetiferous xenoliths and kimberlites does not require reducing conditions, calculations indicate that high Fe3+ contents are stabilized in the garnet structure and that fo2 deareases with increasing depth.