Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Niclosamide methanol solvate and niclosamide hydrate: structure, solvent inclusion mode and implications for properties.

Structural studies have been carried out of two solid forms of niclosamide [5-chloro-N-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-2-hydroxybenzamide, NCL], a widely used anthelmintic drug, namely niclosamide methanol monosolvate, C13H8Cl2N2O4·CH3OH or NCL·MeOH, and niclosamide monohydrate, denoted HA. The structure of the methanol solvate obtained from single-crystal X-ray diffraction is reported for the first time, elucidating the key host-guest hydrogen-bonding interactions which lead to solvate formation. The essentially planar NCL host molecules interact via π-stacking and pack in a herringbone-type arrangement, giving rise to channels along the crystallographic a axis in which the methanol guest molecules are located. The methanol and NCL molecules interact via short O-H.O hydrogen bonds. Laboratory powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) measurements reveal that the initially phase-pure NCL·MeOH solvate readily transforms into NCL monohydrate within hours under ambient conditions. PXRD further suggests that the NCL monohydrate, HA, is isostructural with the NCL·MeOH solvate. This is consistent with the facile transformation of the methanol solvate into the hydrate when stored in air. The crystal packing and the topology of guest-molecule inclusion are compared with those of other NCL solvates for which the crystal structures are known, giving a consistent picture which correlates well with known experimentally observed desolvation properties.
One-Cycle Controlled Three Phase Boost Converter with PFC

Abstract--One cycle controller is used as a controllerin single /three phase boost converter, active filter, and power factor corrections. Three phase Rectifier are widely used in industries application like electrochemical processes, arc furnaces, and adjustable speed drive. In this paper, a three phase six-switch standard boost rectifier with one cycle control technique is proposed. For the standard bridge boost rectifier, a high power factor and low total harmonic distortion can be realized in all three phase with a simple circuit that is composed of one integrator, and some logic and linear component. It does not require multiplier and PLL or any other synchronization circuit. In addition, they offer fast dynamic response due to presence of the current control loop, it employs constant switching frequency modulation that is desirable for industrial application. The proposed control approach is simple and reliable. Detail simulation study is carried out to verify the effectiveness of the scheme.
A Single Cell Analysis of Apoptosis: Ordering the Apoptotic Phenotype

Abstract: Microcinematography was applied to the analysis of the kinetics of apoptotic cell death. Apoptosis was found to be a process that proceeds in different cells at different times after an initial stress, and therefore kinetic studies of apoptotic events in bulk cultures can be problematic. Using single cell analysis we found that stronger apoptotic stimuli induce an earlier onset of apoptosis, but that there is no relationship between time of onset and duration of the apoptotic process. That is, cells that initiate apoptosis shortly after induction do not proceed more rapidly through the process. This suggests an all‐or‐none mechanism that is supported by some models of the biochemical pathways of apoptosis.
Who makes good use of memory aids? Results of a survey of people with acquired brain injury

Abstract Wilson and Watson (1996) identified several factors that were associated with use of memory aids and strategies in a group of people with acquired brain injury. The present study tested these findings, with the aim of identifying the variables that best predict effective use of memory aids after brain injury. One-hundred and one people with memory problems arising from brain injury and their carers were interviewed to identify the aids/strategies used to compensate for memory impairment, and the efficacy of their use. Information relating to variables previously found, or hypothesized to predict use of memory aids, was collected. Use of memory aids correlated with level of independence. External aids such as calendars, wall charts, and notebooks were the most commonly used memory aids. Electronic organizers were not used by many participants. The variables that best predicted use of memory aids were (1) current age, (2) time since injury, (3) number of aids used premorbidly, and (4) a measure of attentional functioning. The implications for rehabilitation services are discussed. (JINS, 2003, 9, 925–935.)
Female responses to isolated signals from multimodal male courtship displays in the wolf spider genusSchizocosa(Araneae: Lycosidae)

Male wolf spiders within the genus Schizocosa display considerable variation in foreleg ornamentation as well as in courtship communication. Multiple modes of male signalling have evolved in a number of species. Divergence in courtship signals among species within this genus may be directly associated with variation in the sensory sensitivities of conspecific females. We isolated the visual and vibratory courtship cues of four species of Schizocosa and recorded conspecific female receptivity to each isolated cue. We also examined female receptivity to complete multimodal courtship signals. We found that the sensory sensitivities of conspecific females were associated with the predominant modes of male courtship communication. Species in which females use mostly stridulatory cues in assessing conspecific males tended to have stridulation-based male courtship displays (S. duplex and S. uetzi) while the opposite was true for species in which females used more visual cues in male assessment (S. stridulans and S. crassipes). This study suggests coevolution between male signal design and female sensory design. We discuss possible scenarios that could be driving this coevolution, including hypotheses of sensory bias and environmental constraints. Copyright 1999 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
Considering Health and Family Dynamics: How is Home Temperature Decided

The primary position of this research is to delineate design considerations for building a home energy management system that understands the dynamic nature of household structures; a system that can interact with situational variants and assist in temperature decision making, relieving user of added stressors during times of familial changes. This research discusses implications for building a home energy management system that considers household structures: changing needs when faced with a new heath situation or simply when life changes established routines. Home energy systems should be built to assist in decision making including how to set home temperature in order to maximize personal comfort and alleviate stress.
Loss of available lysine during processing of different dulce de leche formulations

Dulce de leche is a dairy-based confectionery product prepared by heat concentration of milk and sugar, which can be partially replaced by other sugars. The effect of different formulations commonly used in the manufacture of this product on the rate of available lysine loss by Maillard reactions was examined. The replacement of 10% of sucrose by glucose increased by 90% the rate of lysine glycation, while the rise with fructose was only 30%. The use of skim milk led to a low fat product with the same available lysine content as the traditional one. Dulce de leche prepared with lactose-hydrolysed milk had a very low available lysine value.
Use of immunohistologic and in situ hybridization techniques in the examination of sacroiliac joint biopsy specimens from patients with ankylosing spondylitis.

OBJECTIVE To investigate mechanisms involved in inflammation and new bone formation in the sacroiliac (SI) joints of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). PATIENTS AND METHODS Computed tomography-assisted biopsy of the SI joint was performed in 5 patients with AS with a mean disease duration of 4.5 years and radiographic stage 2-3 disease. Immunohistologic studies were performed with the alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase technique, and cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) was detected by in situ hybridization. RESULTS Dense cellular infiltrates with varying amounts of CD3+ cells (mean +/- SD 53.3 +/- 24.1%), CD4+ cells (29.7 +/- 17.6%), CD8+ cells (15.8 +/- 11.4%), CD14+ cells (23.6 +/- 16.9%), CD45RO+ cells (48.4 +/- 23.6%), and CD45RA+ cells (4.5 +/- 2.9%) were found in the synovial portion of the SI joints of all 5 patients. In these infiltrates a high amount of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) mRNA and, near the site of new bone formation, a lower amount of transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) mRNA, were detected, while no message for interleukin-1 was found in the 3 patients examined by this technique. CONCLUSION The presence of T cells and macrophages was demonstrated in cellular infiltrates in the SI joints of 5 patients with active AS. The finding of abundant TNF alpha message in these joints could have implications regarding potential immunotherapeutic approaches to this disease. TGF beta might be involved in new bone formation in AS.
DNA methylation-related vitamin D receptor insensitivity in breast cancer

Calcitriol (1α, 25(OH)-Vitamin D3) binds to the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and regulates differentiation of the normal mammary gland, may therefore be useful in breast cancer treatment or prevention.Many breast cancer cells are, however, resistant to Calcitriol. In this study, we investigated the resistance mechanism and the role of epigenetic silencing of VDR by promoter hypermethylation.Bisulfite sequencing of the VDR promoter region revealed methylated CpG islands at -700 base pairs (bp) upstream and near the transcription start site.VDR CpG islands were demethylated by 5'deoxy-azacytidine treatment, and this was accompanied by a parallel increase in VDR mRNA levels in breast cancer cell lines. Quantitative methylation-specific PCR analyses confirmed hypermethylation of these CpG islands in primary tumors, and its absence in normal breast tissue.VDR transcripts detected in breast cancers were predominantly 5'-truncated, while normal breast tissue expressed full-length transcripts. Consistent with this observation, genes containing the VDR-responsive element (VDRE), such as cytochrome p450 hydroxylases,p21, or C/EBP were underexpressed in breast cancers compared to normal breast samples. Expression of the active longer transcripts of VDR was restored with 5'deoxy-Azacytidine (AZA) treatment, with a concurrent increase in expression of VDRE-containing genes. Thus, promoter methylation-mediated silencing of expression of the functional variants of VDR may contribute to reduced expression of downstream effectors of the VDR pathway and subsequent Calcitriol insensitivity in breast cancer. These data suggest that pharmacological reversal of VDR methylation may re-establish breast cancer cell susceptibility to differentiation therapy using Calcitriol.
SENSor Foto-Eléctrico Aplicado al Movimiento de los Dedos de las Manos Photo-Electric Sensor Applied to Hand Fingers Movement

IT IS PRESENTED THE DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF AN INSTRUMENTED GLOVE WITH PHOTO-ELECTRIC DEVICES TO DETECT FOUR FINGER POSITIONS DURING A FLEXION MOVEMENT TO DIFFERENTIATE THE DEAF PERSON HAND POSITIONS (QUEIREMAS) THAT USES THE MEXICAN SIGN LANGUAGE (MSL) TO COMMUNICATE.
HIV/AIDS and leishmaniasis coinfection in Ethiopia

Aranka Anema and Koert Ritimeijer[1][1] describe their practical and effective strategy for treating visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in patients coinfected with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia. Relying on low serologic titres of ≤ 1:400 to exclude VL is problematic, because titres of ≤ 1:400 might well be the
Neonatal Bartter syndrome with cholelithiasis and hydrocephalus: Rare association

Neonatal Bartter syndrome (NBS) is a rare autosomal recessive renal tubular disorder. This disease is characterized by hypokalemia, hypochloremia, and metabolic alkalosis that is often associated with failure to thrive and recurrent episodes of dehydration. The combination of BS and cholelithiasis in an infant is very rare. Herein, we report a premature male infant with NBS who developed cholelithiasis and hydrocephalus on clinical follow up. We recommend that periodic routine hepatobiliary ultrasonograpic screening for cholelithiasis should be performed in patients with NBS.
The Analgesic Effect of Gabapentin and Mexiletine After Breast Surgery for Cancer

We investigated the analgesic efficacy of mexiletine and gabapentin on acute and chronic pain associated with cancer breast surgery in 75 patients. They were randomized to receive, in a double-blinded manner, mexiletine 600 mg/d, gabapentin 1200 mg/d, or placebo for 10 days. Anesthesia was standardized, and all patients had access to routine postoperative analgesics on demand. The visual analog scale score assessed pain at rest and after movement. Three months later, all patients were interviewed to identify intensity of chronic pain and analgesic requirements. Mexiletine and gabapentin reduced codeine consumed from the second to tenth day by 50% (P = 0.029;P = 0.018 and P = 0.035 for mexiletine versus control and gabapentin versus control comparisons, respectively). Total paracetamol consumption was also reduced during the same time (P = 0.0085;P = 0.007 and P = 0.011 for the mexiletine and gabapentin groups when compared with the control, respectively). Pain at rest and after movement was reduced by both drugs on the third postoperative day. Pain after movement also was reduced by gabapentin between the second and fifth postoperative day. Three months later, the incidence of chronic pain, its intensity, and need for analgesics were not affected by either treatment. However, burning pain was more frequent in the control group (P = 0.033).
Human T-cell leukemia virus type I Tax associates with and is negatively regulated by the NF-kappa B2 p100 gene product: implications for viral latency

Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is the etiologic agent of the adult T-cell leukemia, an aggressive and often fatal malignancy of activated human CD4 T cells. HTLV-I encodes an essential 40-kDa protein termed Tax that not only transactivates the long terminal repeat of this retrovirus but also induces an array of cellular genes. Tax-mediated transformation of T cells likely involves the deregulated expression of various cellular genes that normally regulate lymphocyte growth produced by altered activity of various endogenous host transcription factors. In particular, Tax is capable of modulating the expression or activity of various host transcription factors, including members of the NF-kappa B/Rel and CREB/ATF families, as well as the cellular factors HEB-1 and p67SRF. An additional distinguishing characteristic of HTLV-I infection is the profound state of viral latency that is present in circulating primary leukemic T cells. In this study, we demonstrate that HTLV-I Tax can physically associate with p100, the product of the Rel-related NF-kappa B2 gene, both in transfected cells and in HTLV-I-infected leukemic T-cell lines. Furthermore, the physical interaction of Tax with p100 leads to the inhibition of Tax-induced activation of the HTLV-I and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeats, reflecting p100-mediated cytoplasmic sequestration of the normally nuclearly expressed Tax protein. In contrast, a mutant of Tax that selectively fails to activate nuclear NF-kappa B expression does not associate with p100. Together, these results suggest that the cytoplasmic interplay of Tax and p100 may play an important role in the initiation and maintenance of HTLV-1 latency observed in adult T-cell leukemia.
High resolution calorimetric sensing based on Aluminum Nitride MEMS resonant thermal detectors

This paper presents a high temperature resolution (994.5 μK/Hz1/2 in a 50 Hz measurement bandwidth) micro-calorimetric sensor based on a high frequency (134.5 MHz) Aluminum Nitride (AlN) nano-plate resonator (NPR) overlapped by a freestanding reaction chamber separated by a micro-scale air gap (~50 μm). For the first time, the unique thermal detection capabilities of the AlN NPR technology are exploited to devise a calorimetric sensor with superior performance. Efficient heat transfer from the reaction chamber to the thermal detector is achieved by scaling the air gap between them. By taking advantage of the large thermal resistance (2.64 × 104 K/W) of the AlN NPR and the reduced air gap, high heat transfer efficiency (ratio between the temperature of the resonator and the one of the reaction chamber) of 33% is achieved. The effectiveness of the fabricated prototype is experimentally verified by monitoring an exothermic reaction between Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) and Ammonium Hydroxide (NH4OH). A high sensitivity of 9.62 kHz/M and detection limit of ~120 μM/Hz1/2 are achieved for the first device prototype.
AIRE regulates T-cell-independent B-cell responses through BAFF

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I (APS I) results in multiple endocrine organ destruction and is caused by mutations in the autoimmune regulator gene (AIRE). APS I is characterized by circulating tissue-specific autoantibodies, and the presence of these antibodies is often predictive of organ destruction. The importance of AIRE in ensuring central tolerance by regulating the negative selection of autoreactive T cells has been shown clearly. However, in Aire−/− mice the phenotype (i.e., autoantibodies, liver infiltrates of B cells, splenomegaly, and marginal zone B-cell lymphoma) is predominantly B-cell mediated, suggesting an exaggerated activation of B cells. We have studied T-cell-independent B-cell responses in the absence of AIRE and found that Aire−/− mice have an increased response against T-cell-independent type II antigens. We linked this exaggerated response to the elevated serum levels of the B-cell-activating factor of the TNF family (BAFF) that were found both in APS I patients and in Aire−/− mice. Transfer of Aire−/− bone marrow into irradiated nude mice resulted in increased percentage of BAFF-expressing antigen-presenting cells compared with wt bone marrow, suggesting a T-cell-independent mechanism behind our findings. Furthermore, in vitro experiments showed that AIRE-deficient murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells produced significantly more BAFF than wt cells when stimulated with IFN-γ but not when stimulated with IL-10. Our results suggest a cell-intrinsic role for AIRE in peripheral dendritic cells by regulating IFN-γ-receptor signaling and point toward complementary mechanisms by which AIRE is involved in maintaining tolerance.
The 21st century renaissance of the basophil? Current insights into its role in allergic responses and innate immunity

Abstract: Basophils and mast cells express all the three subchains of the high‐affinity immunoglobulin E (IgE) receptor FcɛRI and contain preformed histamine in the cytoplasmic granules. However, it is increasingly clear that these cells play distinct roles in allergic inflammatory disease. Despite their presence throughout much of the animal kingdom, the physiological function of basophils remains obscure. As rodent mast cells are more numerous than basophils, and generate an assortment of inflammatory cytokines, basophils have often been regarded as minor players in allergic inflammation. In humans, however, basophils are the prime early producers of interleukin (IL)‐4 and IL‐13, T helper (Th)2‐type cytokines crucial for initiating and maintaining allergic responses. Basophils also express CD40 ligand which, in combination with IL‐4 and IL‐13, facilitates IgE class switching in B cells. They are the main cellular source for early IL‐4 production, which is vital for the development of Th2 responses. The localization of basophils in various tissues affected by allergic inflammation has now been clearly demonstrated by using specific staining techniques and the new research is shedding light on their selective recruitment to the tissues. Finally, recent studies have shown that basophil activation is not restricted to antigen‐specific IgE crosslinking, but can be caused in non‐sensitized individuals by a growing list of parasitic antigens, lectins and viral superantigens, binding to non‐specific IgE antibodies. This, together with novel IgE‐independent routes of activation, imparts important new insights into the potential role of basophils in both adaptive and innate immunity.
A comparison of a prospective diary and two summary recall techniques for recording alcohol consumption.

Recent reliability studies in which self reports of alcohol consumption taken from diaries have been compared against retrospective recall of alcohol consumption have yielded contradictory results. While the popular wisdom, supported by some excellent studies (Lemmens et al., 1988a; Poikolainen & Kärkkäinen, 1983) is that diaries yield the more accurate account, some studies have shown better results with a retrospective recall (Midanik et al., 1989; Simpura, 1988). The present study of 83 volunteer subjects compares a diary with two retrospective recall procedures--a graduated quantity frequency approach developed at the Alcohol Research Group and a beverage-specific, usual amount procedure used in the U.S. National Health Interview Survey series. Subjects were asked to complete all three procedures. Results show that both of the recall techniques tested achieved an acceptable level of reliability when compared against the results of prospective diaries. The implication of this is that the more easily administered recall techniques may be acceptable for many research purposes.
Polyimide planarization for RF-MEMS switches on PCB

This abstract describes an improved manufacturing technology for fabrication of RF-MEMS switches on PCB. The 17.5 /spl mu/m thick copper layer is patterned and planarized using polyimide. The use of polyimide reduces formation of voids in sacrificial photoresist. Fabricated switches demonstrate low insertion-loss (<0.06 dB at 10 GHz) and good isolation (>20 dB at 10 GHz).
Methodological note

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) follows each month the prices of a fixed basket of products. This basket is updated each year in order to remain representative of the consumption and in order to take into account the evolution in the consumer habits (Laspeyres-type index). Each year, a chain-linking of the index is performed in January and enables to update the basket of products and their weights and possibly permits to introduce some methodological improvements.
Simple Computational Method of Predicting Electrical Characteristics in Solar Cells

A precise single-diode analytical model of Photovoltaic (PV) modules is generally nonlinear analytical equations with high computation complexity. This paper proposes a simple computational method for the PV model. Its exponential diode behaviour is simplified via Least Squares Approximation (LSA), which permits designers or engineers to predict the electrical characteristics of a PV module without using iterative numerical calculations. Based on experimental data, the methodology is validated by covering a wide range of operation conditions. Simulation and experimental results prove the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.eee. 20.1. 6165