Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Humic Acid in the Chemical Oxidation Technology(II) - Characteristics by Ozonation -

In this paper, ozonation of humic acid in water was characterized using absorbance, TOC, Ultra Filtration and . Also, carbonyl compounds in ozonated water were analyzed by GC/MS using PFBOA method. Ozonation by-products of water containing humic acid were determined as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, glyoxal and methylglyoxal. Results of absorbance and TOC with ozonation time at humic acid 20, 100ppm represent that decrease rate of 80% within ozonation time is 20 min and TOC removal rate of 40-50% within ozonation time is 30 min. Results for and Ultra Filtration, humic acid of high molecular weight by ozonation are oxidated and decomposed so that it was conversed low molecular weight such as aldehydes, carboxylic acid.
Architectural acoustics in America to 1930

The beginning of architectural acoustics as an engineering science began with Joseph Henry, when he was requested by Congress to design a new lecture hall for the Smithsonian Institution in Washington. Henry’s preliminary investigations led him to the discovery of what is now known as the ’’precedence effect,’’ setting limits on the permissible time lags in successive acoustic signals before echoing is evident. Henry’s design of the lecture hall made skillful use of his discovery for the location and shape of wall and ceiling surfaces to produce much ’’early reflected sound’’ to enhance the direct impulses. The next great advance in architectural acoustics was made by Professor Wallace C. Sabine of Harvard in his quantitative studies of reverberation, and in his masterful use of these discoveries in the acoustical designs for many notable buildings especially Boston Symphony Hall—still considered one of the world’s finest. After Sabine’s untimely death in 1919 his work was extended and applied by many others in the next decade, notable, Dayton C. Miller, F. R. Watson, Paul E. Sabine, Carl Eyring, R. F. Norris, and Vern O. Knudsen. The early development and application of architectural acoustics as an exact science was primarily an achievement of the New World, and one of which we can be justly proud in the bicentennial year.
Adverse-Mode FFF: Multi-Force Ideal Retention Theory

A novel field-flow fractionation (FFF) technique, in which two opposing external forces act on the solute particles, is proposed. When the two external forces are sufficiently strong and scale differently as a function of the solutes’ property of interest (such as the solute particle size), a sharp peak in the retention ratio (dramatic drop in elution time) is predicted to exist. Because the external forces oppose one another, we refer to this novel technique as adverse-mode FFF. The location of this peak is theoretically predicted and its ideal width estimated. The peak can become quite sharp by simultaneously increasing the strength of both fields, suggesting that adverse-mode FFF could be a useful technique for accurately measuring single species solute size.
Методы анализа информационных потоков в сети Интернет

Spread of information is a fundamental process taking place on the Internet. Every day we can observe the publication of various information and its further dissemination through news articles and messages from ordinary users. Although the process itself can be observed explicitly, it is difficult to determine individual propagation paths. The increase of global information in all spheres of human life radically changes the speed and ways of disseminating information. In this review, we study models of information flows on the Internet and divide them into two groups: explanatory models, which suggest the existence of the underlying network over which information propagates, and predictive models, studying spread of individual information flows. Despite all the complexity, the study of the important properties of information spread is necessary for understanding the general processes occurring in the modern information society.
Adsorptive Trennung von Gemischen kurzkettiger Alkane und Alkene an nanostrukturierten porösen Adsorbentien

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt die Trennung von kurzkettigen Alkan/Alken-Gemischen an nanostrukturierten porosen Adsorbentien. Zu diesem Zweck wurden unterschiedliche metallorganische Koordinationspolymere und Zeolithe synthetisiert und charakterisiert. Zur Untersuchung des Adsorptionsverhaltens dieser Adsorbentien wurden Adsorptionsisothermen von C2-, C3- und C4-Kohlenwasserstoffen bei verschiedenen Temperaturen gemessen. Die Messung der Adsorption der reinen Kohlenwasserstoffe ergab, dass die adsorbierte Stoffmenge mit der spezifischen Oberflache des Adsorbens korreliert, sowie von der kritischen Temperatur des Adsorptivs abhangt und in der Reihenfolge C2 < C3 < C4 zunimmt. Eine Ausnahme hiervon bilden flexible metallorganische Koordinationspolymere, welche Atmungs- bzw. Porenoffnungseffekte zeigen. Die Isothermen dieser Materialien weisen Sprunge auf, wobei diese jedoch abhangig vom Druck, vom Adsorptiv und von der Temperatur sind. Die Trennung von Alkan/Alken-Gemischen an den hergestellten Adsorbentien wurde in einem kontinuierlich durchstromten Festbettadsorber untersucht. Es zeigten sich unterschiedliche Trennfaktoren in Abhangigkeit von der Porenoffnung und der Geruststruktur der Adsorbentien. Die Untersuchung der Desorption der Kohlenwasserstoffe von Cu\(_3\)(btc)\(_2\) ergab, dass der Desorptionsprozess bei Raumtemperatur nur sehr langsam verlauft. Es zeigte sich, dass die zur Desorption erforderliche Temperatur nimmt steigender Kohlenstoffzahl des Kohlenwasserstoffs zunimmt.
Monte Carlo estimates of thermal averages and analytic continuation

The Monte Carlo (MC) estimates of thermal averages are usually functions of system control parameters $\lambda $, such as temperature, volume, interaction couplings, etc. Given the MC average at a set of prescribed control parameters $\lambda_{0}$, the problem of analytic continuation of the MC data to $\lambda $-values in the neighborhood of $\lambda_{0}$ is considered in both classic and quantum domains. The key result is the theorem that links the differential properties of thermal averages to the higher-order cumulants. The theorem and analytic continuation formulas expressed via higher-order cumulants are numerically tested on the classical Lennard-Jones cluster system of N=13, 55, and 147 neon particles.
Chemically reactive turbulent plumes

This paper describes an investigation into the practicality of using a probability density function of joint concentrations as the primary dependent variable in a description of a turbulent reactive flow. It has been established in the last decade that this manner of prescription of reactive flows has profound theoretical advantages over a moment formulation especially for rapidly reacting species and for non-isothermal reactive systems. However, since the probability density function contains the same information as an infinite set of moments it is not at all clear that it will be a convenient vehicle for generating practical models of turbulent reactive flows. The evolution of a reactive plume of nitrous oxide in the presence of atmospheric ozone is described. Our description of the reacting plume is compared to existing models of non-reactive plume advection, which are well established in the meteorological literature.
Social Support and Hope Mediate the Relationship Between Gratitude and Depression Among Front-Line Medical Staff During the Pandemic of COVID-19

Background The pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has burdened an unprecedented psychological stress on the front-line medical staff, who are at high risk of depression. While existing studies and theories suggest that factors such as gratitude, social support, and hope play a role in the risk of depression, few studies have combined these factors to explore the relationship between them. Objective This study examined the mediating roles of social support and hope in the relationship between gratitude and depression among front-line medical staff during the pandemic of COVID-19. Methods This study used the Gratitude Questionnaire, the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), the State Hope Scale (SHS), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale to examine the gratitude, social support, hope, and depression among 344 front-line medical workers in Wuhan, which was the hardest-hit area of COVID-19 in China. Results The results showed that the prevalence of mild depressive disorder was 40.12% and the prevalence of major depressive disorder was 9.59% among front-line medical staff during the pandemic of COVID-19; gratitude has a direct and negative effect on depression. Gratitude was negative predictors of depression through the mediating variables of social support and hope [βgratitude–social support–depression = −0.096, 95%CI(−0.129 to −0.064); βgratitude–hope–depression = −0.034, 95%CI(−0.055 to −0.013)], as well as via an indirect path from social support to hope [βgratitude–social support–hope–depression = −0.089, 95%CI (−0.108 to −0.070)]. Conclusion The study findings indicate that gratitude as a positive emotion can reduce depression in medical staff by promoting social support and hope, respectively. Gratitude also reduced depression in health care workers through a chain mediating effect of social support and hope. Overall, gratitude can directly foster social support and hope, and protect people from stress and depression, which has implications for clinical interventions among front-line medical staff during the pandemic of COVID-19.
Low Temperature Constrained Sintering of Cerium Gadolinium Oxide Films for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Applications

Low Temperature Constrained Sintering of Cerium Gadolinium Oxide Films for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Applications by Jason Dale Nicholas B.A. (Franklin & Marshall College) 2001 M.S. (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) 2003 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering-Materials Science and Engineering in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Lutgard C. De Jonghe, Chair Professor Ronald Gronsky Professor Claudia Ostertag Spring 2007
Experimental Study of the Reaction of Isopropyl Nitrate with OH Radicals: Kinetics and Products

The kinetics of the reaction of isopropyl nitrate (IPN) with OH radicals has been studied using a low-pressure flow tube reactor coupled with a quadrupole mass spectrometer: OH + (CH3)2CHONO2 products (2). The rate constant of the title reaction was determined using both the absolute method, monitoring the kinetics of OH radicals consumption in excess of IPN, and the relative rate method using the reaction of OH with Br2 as reference one and following HOBr formation. As a result of the absolute and relative measurements, the overall rate coefficients, k2 = (6.6 ± 1.2) × 10−13 exp(–(233 ± 56)/) was determined at a pressure of 1 Torr of helium over the temperature range 268–355 K. Acetone, resulting from H-atom abstraction from the tertiary C–H bond of IPN followed by 2-nitroxy-2-propyl radical decomposition, was found to be a major reaction product with the yield of 0.82 ± 0.13, independent of temperature in the range 277–355 K.
Lipophilic Super-Absorbent Swelling Gels as Cleaners for Use on Weapons Systems and Platforms

Abstract : Increasingly stringent environmental regulations on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) demand the development of disruptive technologies for cleaning weapons systems and platforms. Currently employed techniques suffer from safety and efficiency shortcomings. This work proposed to use novel lipophilic super-absorbent swelling gels as a disruptive solid state cleaning technology to overcome limitations of currently employed cleaning techniques. Results were compared with a commercially available alkylstyrene copolymer (imbiber beads). The cleaning ability of the gels was compared with the standard solvent cleaner tri-chloroethylene (TCE) following American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) G122-96(2008) test methods and MIL-PRF-680B procedure with MIL-PRF-10924 test grease. Polymer gel cleaners exhibited analogues extent and rate of cleaning as the TCE. The work concludes that the recyclable superabsorbent polymer cleaners developed in this research will allow drastic reduction in the use of VOC containing solvents and HAP release.
Laser trapping of 21Na atoms

This thesis describes an experiment in which about four thousand radioactive {sup 21}Na (t{sub l/2} = 22 sec) atoms were trapped in a magneto-optical trap with laser beams. Trapped {sup 21}Na atoms can be used as a beta source in a precision measurement of the beta-asymmetry parameter of the decay of {sup 21}Na {yields} {sup 21}Ne + {Beta}{sup +} + v{sub e}, which is a promising way to search for an anomalous right-handed current coupling in charged weak interactions. Although the number o trapped atoms that we have achieved is still about two orders of magnitude lower than what is needed to conduct a measurement of the beta-asymmetry parameter at 1% of precision level, the result of this experiment proved the feasibility of trapping short-lived radioactive atoms. In this experiment, {sup 21}Na atoms were produced by bombarding {sup 24}Mg with protons of 25 MeV at the 88 in. Cyclotron of Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. A few recently developed techniques of laser manipulation of neutral atoms were applied in this experiment. The {sup 21}Na atoms emerging from a heated oven were first transversely cooled. As a result, the on-axis atomic beam intensity was increased by a factor of 16. The atoms inmore » the beam were then slowed down from thermal speed by applying Zeeman-tuned slowing technique, and subsequently loaded into a magneto-optical trap at the end of the slowing path. The last two chapters of this thesis present two studies on the magneto-optical trap of sodium atoms. In particular, the mechanisms of magneto-optical traps at various laser frequencies and the collisional loss mechanisms of these traps were examined. « less
A Multi-loop Calibration-free Phase-locked Loop (PLL) for Wideband Clock Generation

Author(s): Yang, Dihang | Advisor(s): Abidi, Asad A | Abstract: In a wide-band RF system, the RF channel is located within 50 MHz to 9 GHz. A high-frequency resolution phase-locked loop (PLL) with 100$\%$ tuning range oscillator is the core to generate the RF carrier frequency which covers such a wide range. The phase noise and spurs of the PLL are required to be low to avoid degrading RF system performance. A PLL applies $\Sigma \Delta$ modulation to increases its resolution and is known as a fractional-N PLL, but $\Sigma \Delta$ modulation introduces considerable quantization noise into the loop. The nonlinearity of the PLL also converts part of the noise into fractional-N spurs. Noise cancellation is usually applied to eliminate this quantization noise. Calibration, often with long settling time, is necessary to maintain cancellation efficiency. Power intensive calibration is also required to notch spurious tones. In this thesis, we first investigate the delay-locked loop (DLL) and attempt to use DLL to replace PLL as an RF frequency synthesizer. An LTI model of DLL is established, which indicates the limitation of DLL as a high-performance synthesizer. Then, the thesis focuses on PLL again. A calibration-free triple-loop PLL is introduced. The merits of heterodyne PLL are rediscovered, which applies a mixer in the loop to translate the VCO frequency to a low-frequency feedback signal. By implementing the harmonic mixing concept, the designed prototype effectively reduces the pulling risk of a traditional heterodyne PLL, allowing it to be integrated on a single chip. This PLL provides higher-order noise filtering and can naturally reduce fractional-N PLL noise and spurs. An analytical model for this PLL is also presented, which allows us to fully appreciate this PLL and optimize the loop design. After this, a sub-sampling PLL-based low-noise frequency extender is introduced, which increases the tuning range of an oscillator from 30$\%$ to 100$\%$, and requires only a small chip area. By combining the triple-loop PLL and the frequency extender, a synthesizer which can support a wideband radio system is achieved.
Biofouling control through targeted chlorination

Targeted chlorination is a new technique for reducing microbiological fouling of condensers and minimizing chlorine discharges in powerplant cooling water. The advantages of the method are best described in contrast to conventional chlorination, where chlorine is injected into and mixed with the cooling water well upstream of the pilot condenser system. Targeted chlorination seeks to direct a chlorinated flow to one small section of the condenser at a time. This flow can be at higher than normal chlorine concentrations because it is mixed in the condenser exit water box with a larger unchlorinated flow. Each section is chlorinated for a much shorter time permitting sequential treatment of the entire condenser within the prescribed time limit. Tests at a utility plant test site having complete operating records with its concurrent chlorination system will provide a baseline against which results can be compared and evaluated. 5 figures, 2 tables.
Kinetics of simultaneous methane and toluene biofiltration in an inert packed bed

BACKGROUND Biofiltration of methane is of particular interest to contribute to limiting the greenhouse gas effect of biogas emissions from landfills. The complexity of the biogas mixture from landfills has underlined the importance of the presence of non-methane organic compounds. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of toluene on the microkinetic and macrokinetic parameters of methane biodegradation using an inorganic filter bed. RESULTS Two concentrations of toluene were tested, 0.7 and 3.4 gC m−3, and compared with the case of methane biofiltration alone. The specific growth rates of methane decreased from 0.793 to 0.574 to 0.278 d−1 when the toluene concentration was increased from 0 to 0.7 to 3.4 gC m−3, respectively. The maximum elimination capacity of methane decreased from 39.4 to 5.6 gC m−3 h−1 when toluene concentration was increased from 0 to 3.4 gC m−3. The half-saturation constants decreased from 4.6 to 1.6 gC m−3 and from 4.6 to 0.7 gC m−3, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Results show that an inhibition occurred on methane biodegradation when toluene was introduced into the biofilter. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Etude théorique des phases du titane

L'objectif de cette these est d'aboutir a une meilleure comprehension du diagramme de phase du titane grâce a la theorie de la fonctionnelle de la densite. Ce diagramme comprend 3 phases: la phase alpha, la phase omega de haute pression et la phase beta de haute temperature. Ceci necessite de pouvoir predire les differences d'energie entre phases avec une tres grande precision, car ces ecarts sont faibles, environ 50 meV. Or, les calculs ab initio predisent la phase omega comme la phase la plus stable, en desaccord avec l'experience. Ce probleme existe aussi dans le dioxyde de titane et dans le zirconium. J'ai donc explore les differentes approximations presentes afin de comprendre laquelle est en cause. Ceci m'a conduite a etudier l'influence des etats de semi-coeur et de la fonctionnelle d'echange et correlation, et a evaluer la contribution de l'energie de point zero. J'en ai conclu que c'est l'approximation de la fonctionnelle qui engendre une erreur significative. Une correction possible consiste a tenir compte de l'auto-interaction electronique. Cette correction appliquee aux etats de semi-coeur ameliore systematiquement les parametres de maille, mais n'explique pas l'erreur sur la stabilite des phases. Bien que les fonctionnelles d'echanges et correlation usuelles ne se soient pas revelees suffisamment precises pour decrire le diagrammes de phases du titane, elles sont satisfaisantes pour predire des proprietes moins fines, comme les constantes elastiques. Toutefois, il est necessaire que le volume d'equilibre predit soit precis, car j'ai mis en evidence que ces proprietes dependent fortement du volume
Freezing of droplets under mixed-phase cloud conditions

Mixed-phase clouds contain both liquid and ice particles. They have important roles in weather and climate and such clouds are thought to be responsible for a large proportion of precipitation. Their lifetime and precipitation rates are sensitive to the concentration of ice. This project focuses upon the formation of ice within clouds containing liquid droplets colder than 273 K. A new bench-top instrument has been developed to study ice nucleation in liquid droplets. Pure water droplets of sizes relevant to clouds in the lower atmosphere do not freeze homogeneously until temperatures below ~237 K are reached. However, literature measurements of nucleation rates are scattered over two kelvin and there is uncertainty over the actual mechanism of ice formation in small droplets. The freezing of droplets with diameters equivalent to ~4 – 17 μm has been observed. It was found that ice nucleation rates in the smallest droplets of this size range were consistent with nucleation due to the droplet surface, but that surface nucleation does not occur at fast enough rates to be significant in the majority of tropospheric clouds. Water droplets can be frozen at higher temperatures than relevant for homogeneous freezing due to the presence of a class of aerosol particles called ice nuclei. Field observations of ice crystal residues have shown that mineral dust particles are an important group of ice nuclei, and the ice nucleating ability of seven of the most common minerals found in atmospheric dust has been described. In comparison to the other minerals, it was found that the mineral K-feldspar is much more efficient at nucleating ice. To relate this result to the atmosphere, a global chemical and aerosol transport modelling study was performed. This study concluded that dust containing feldspar emitted from desert regions reaches all locations around the globe. At temperatures below ~255 K, the modelled concentration of feldspar is sufficient to explain field observations of ice nuclei concentrations.
Transformation and binding of 13C and 14C‐labelled atrazine in relation to straw decomposition in soil

As a source of organic matter, crop residues affect the behaviour of pesticides in agricultural soils. The fate of [U‐ring‐13C] and [U‐ring‐14C] atrazine (6‐chloro‐N‐ethyl‐N‐isopropyl‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐diamine) was investigated during laboratory incubation under controlled conditions in a loamy soil amended with wheat straw at two different states of decomposition: no preliminary decomposition or 6 months’ preliminary decomposition. After 3 months, non‐extractable, so‐called ‘bound’, 13C‐atrazine residues were recovered in three particle‐size fractions (> 200, 50–200 and < 50 μm), and investigated with solid‐state 13C‐NMR spectroscopy. Parallel incubations with [U‐ring‐14C] atrazine were carried out to quantify the bound residues as well as the extractable and mineralized fractions. The effect of straw residues on atrazine behaviour depended on whether they had been previously decomposed or not. When straw was decomposed for 6 months prior to incubation, atrazine mineralization was enhanced to 50% of the initial 14C in contrast to 15% of the initial 14C in soil alone and soil amended with fresh straw. In parallel, atrazine bound residues were formed in greater amount representing up to 20% of the initial 14C. CP/MAS 13C‐NMR on soil size fractions of soil–straw mixtures after incubation with 13C‐atrazine showed that bound residues contained mostly triazinic C, corresponding to atrazine or primary metabolites. Non‐humified organic materials recovered in size fractions > 200 and 50–200 μm contained significant amounts of bound residues, especially when straw was added to the soil. CP/MAS 13C‐NMR analysis of humic acids obtained from < 50‐μm fractions was difficult due to overlapping of the native carboxyl 13C signal with the 13C‐atrazine signal.