Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A New Calculation Method of Breakdown Voltage-Time Characteristics of Long Air Gaps

A new calculation method of leader development which considers predischarge currents is proposed. Calculated leader delopment characteristics with this model are compared with photographs of a image converter camera and close agreement is shown. Further, breakdown voltage-time characteristics of rod-plane and rod-rod gaps with standard and non-standard lightning impulses of both positive and negative polarities are calculated and these values agree with experimental results. This new calculation method is applicable to long gaps of several meters.
Long-term Immunosuppression, Without Maintenance Prednisone, After Kidney Transplantation

Background:Concern exists that prednisone-free maintenance immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients will increase acute and/or chronic rejection. Methods:From October 1, 1999, through February 29, 2004, at our center, 477 kidney transplant recipients (341 living donor, 136 cadaver) discontinued prednisone on postoperative day 6, per our protocol. Immunosuppression consisted of polyclonal antibody (Thymoglobulin) for 5 days, prednisone intraoperatively and for 5 days, a calcineurin inhibitor, and either sirolimus or mycophenolate mofetil. We compared outcome with that of historical controls who did not discontinue prednisone. Results:The recipients on prednisone-free maintenance immunosuppression had excellent 4-year actuarial patient survival (92%), graft survival (90%), acute rejection-free graft survival (86%), and chronic rejection-free graft survival (95%). The mean serum creatinine level (± SD) at 1 year was 1.6 ± 0.6; at 4 years, 1.6 ± 0.6. We noted that 8% of recipients had cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease; 4.5%, fractures; 2.8%, cataracts; 1%, posttransplant diabetes; 0.2%, avascular necrosis; 0.2%, posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease; and 0%, polyomavirus. In all, 85% of kidney recipients with functioning grafts remain prednisone-free as of April 1, 2004. As compared with historical controls, the recipients on prednisone-free maintenance immunosuppression had better patient (P = 0.02) and graft survival (P < 0.0001) and lower rates of acute (P = 0.0004) and chronic (P = 0.02) rejection. In addition, they had a significantly lower rate of CMV disease (P < 0.0001), cataracts (P < 0.0001), posttransplant diabetes (P < 0.0001), and avascular necrosis (P = 0.0003). Conclusions:Prednisone-related side effects can be minimized without maintenance immunosuppression; our prednisone-free recipients do not have increased acute or chronic rejection.
Relation of blood pressure and body mass index during childhood to cardiovascular risk factor levels in young adults

Introduction Adult obesity and hypertension are leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity/mortality. Although childhood BMI and blood pressure (BP) track into adulthood, how they influence adult cardiovascular risk independent of each other is not well defined. Methods Participants were from two longitudinal studies with a baseline evaluation at mean age of 13 years and a follow-up at mean age of 24 years. Regression models using childhood BP and BMI to predict young adult cardiovascular risk factors were performed. Results In univariate analysis, childhood BMI predicted young adult BP, lipids, glucose, insulin and insulin resistance, whereas childhood BP predicted young adult BP, lipids and glucose. In a multivariable regression model (adjusted for age, sex and race), which included change in BMI and BP from age 13 to 24 years, BMI predicted all young adult risk factors except BP and glucose. Baseline SBP predicted young adult BP, cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose whereas baseline DBP predicted young adult BP, BMI and glucose. Conclusion The results from this study show that BP and BMI act independently in children to influence future cardiovascular risk factors and the combination of high BP and BMI in childhood has an additive effect in predicting the highest levels of young adult cardiovascular risk. Thus, there should be a focus on treating hypertension in overweight and obese children, in addition to attempting to reduce weight.
Multiple Access Chirp-Based Ultrasonic Positioning

Distance-based ultrasonic positioning systems (UPSs) using trilateration have been adopted in various types of applications across a wide variety of fields. Recently, the use of a chirp signal in conjunction with cross correlation has drawn a considerable amount of attention for UPSs. However, when a chirp signal is used for positioning, these algorithms suffer from problems due to signal interference. In this paper, to solve this problem, we propose using four sets of orthogonal chirps, each of which contains three waveforms. The first three sets use chirp rates as a mechanism for assigning uniquely modulated chirp signals to transmitters while the basic idea behind the last one is to exploit the orthogonality of the subcarriers of a chirp waveform, i.e., the discrete frequency components of a chirp waveform. All the waveforms contained in each set have good orthogonality (i.e., the waveforms contained in sets 1 to 3 and set 4 are, respectively, quasi-orthogonal and perfectly orthogonal) and also have all the advantages of a classic chirp waveform. First, the performance of the waveforms is investigated through correlation analysis and then, in an indoor environment, evaluated through simulations and experiments for ultrasonic positioning. For sets 1 to 4, for an operational range of approximately 1000 mm, the positioning root-mean-square-errors & 90% error were 6.20 & 9.13 mm, 6.05 & 8.90 mm, 7.38 & 10.85 mm, and 4.54 & 6.68 mm, respectively.
Calcification is not the Achilles’ heel of cold‐water corals in an acidifying ocean

Ocean acidification is thought to be a major threat to coral reefs: laboratory evidence and CO2 seep research has shown adverse effects on many coral species, although a few are resilient. There are concerns that cold‐water corals are even more vulnerable as they live in areas where aragonite saturation (Ωara) is lower than in the tropics and is falling rapidly due to CO2 emissions. Here, we provide laboratory evidence that net (gross calcification minus dissolution) and gross calcification rates of three common cold‐water corals, Caryophyllia smithii, Dendrophyllia cornigera, and Desmophyllum dianthus, are not affected by pCO2 levels expected for 2100 (pCO2 1058 μatm, Ωara 1.29), and nor are the rates of skeletal dissolution in D. dianthus. We transplanted D. dianthus to 350 m depth (pHT 8.02; pCO2 448 μatm, Ωara 2.58) and to a 3 m depth CO2 seep in oligotrophic waters (pHT 7.35; pCO2 2879 μatm, Ωara 0.76) and found that the transplants calcified at the same rates regardless of the pCO2 confirming their resilience to acidification, but at significantly lower rates than corals that were fed in aquaria. Our combination of field and laboratory evidence suggests that ocean acidification will not disrupt cold‐water coral calcification although falling aragonite levels may affect other organismal physiological and/or reef community processes.
Language and Identities

PART A: IDENTITY AND LANGUAGE A1. Introduction: Theoretical and Methodological considerations, Carmen Llamas and Dominic Watt A2. Identity, John Joseph A3. Locating Identity in Language, Mary Bucholtz and Kira Hall A4. Locating Language in Identity, Barbara Johnstone PART B: INDIVIDUALS B1. The role of the individual in language variation and change, Jane Stuart-Smith B2. The identification of the individual through speech, Dominic Watt B3. The ageing voice: changing identity over time, David Bowie B4. Foreign Accent Syndrome - between two worlds, at home in neither, Nick Miller B5. The disguised voice: impersonating accents or speech styles and impersonating individuals, Anders Eriksson PART C: GROUPS AND COMMUNITIES C1.The authentic speaker and the speech community, Nik Coupland C2. Communities of practice and peripherality, Emma Moore C3. Two languages, two identities? the bilingual community, Norma Mendoza-Denton and Dana Osborne C4. Regional variation in ethnic varieties, Erik Thomas and Alicia Beckford Wassink C5. Religion vs. geography: is there a hierarchy? Sue Fox C6. Gender, sexuality and the 'third sex', Kira Hall, Lal Zimman and Jenny Davis C7. Crossing into class: Language, ethnicities & class sensibility in England, Ben Rampton C8. The glass ceiling? a female identity in the workplace, Louise Mullany PART D: REGIONS AND NATIONS D1. Convergence and divergence across a national border, Carmen Llamas D2. Shifting borders and shifting regional identities, Joan Beal D3. Supra-local regional dialect leveling, David Britain D4. Migration, national identity and the reallocation of forms, Judy Dyer D5. An historical national identity? The case of Scots, Robert McColl Millar D6. Post-colonial identities: an African perspective, Tope Omoniyi.
Estimated pregnancy rates for the United States, 1990-2000: an update.

OBJECTIVES This report presents detailed pregnancy rates for 1990-2000, updating a national series of rates extending since 1976. METHODS Tabular data on pregnancy rates by age, race, and Hispanic origin, and by marital status are presented and briefly described. RESULTS In 2000 an estimated 6,401,000 pregnancies resulted in 4.06 million live births, 1.31 million induced abortions, and 1.03 million fetal losses. The 2000 pregnancy rate of 104.0 pregnancies per 1,000 women aged 15-44 years is 10 percent lower than the 1990 peak of 115.6. The teenage pregnancy rate dropped 27 percent during 1990-2000, reaching an historic low of 84.5 pregnancies per 1,000 women aged 15-19 years. Rates for younger teenagers declined relatively more than for older teenagers.
Towards data cleansing via planning

Nowadays Information Systems generate a lot of data for supporting the activities of firms, organisations, and state agencies. While on the one hand such data are primarily collected for realising domain-specific services (e.g., state agencies use data for managing healthcare and retirement contributions) on the other hand domain analysts aim at using such data for studying the dynamics of subjects' behaviours or phenomena over time. Thus, the quality of data plays a key role in ensuring the effectiveness of the overall knowledge discovery process. In such a context, most of the research on data quality is aimed at automatically identifying cleansing activities, namely a sequence of actions able to cleanse a dirty dataset, which are often developed and coded manually requiring a relevant effort for domain-experts. This work is concerned with using AI Planning for both modelling data quality requirements and automatically identifying
Tobacco Use, Quitting Behavior, and Health Characteristics Among Current Electronic Cigarette Users in a National Tri-Ethnic Adult Stable Smoker Sample.

INTRODUCTION The present study characterizes the tobacco use, quitting behaviors, and health characteristics of cigarette smokers who did not change their smoking pattern over the past 6 months and have used electronic cigarettes (ECs) in the past 30 days. This is an important subpopulation to characterize if EC dual use with cigarettes continues to grow. METHODS Participants (N = 2,376) from a research survey panel completed an online cross-sectional survey between June and August 2012. Sampling was stratified to recruit equal numbers of cigarette smoking participants by race/ethnicity (Black, Hispanic, and Caucasian) and smoking frequency (nondaily and daily). All displayed a stable rate of smoking for the past 6 months and were not currently in treatment. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine correlates of current EC use (any use within the past 30 days). RESULTS Current EC use was reported by 9.2% (n = 219) of the total sample. Of current EC users, 44% reported having used ECs as a quit method. Bivariate and multivariate analyses showed that current EC use was significantly associated with greater nicotine dependence, concurrent poly-tobacco use, more past-year quit attempts, past use of multiple cessation methods, and more depressive symptoms. No demographic variables were significantly associated with current EC use. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that stable smokers who currently use ECs possess characteristics that are associated with difficulty in achieving smoking cessation. These characteristics should be considered when examining the effectiveness of ECs on cessation and in designing future cessation trials using ECs.
Three-Dimensional Self-Assembled Sensors in Thin-Film SOI Technology

A complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible one-mask process for the design and fabrication of three-dimensional (3-D) microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensors in thin-film silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology is presented. The process relies on the control of the internal stresses in multilayered structures originating from thermal expansion mismatch between layers as well as on the control of the plastic yielding of a metallic layer. In contrast with techniques presented in the literature for the fabrication of 3-D MEMS, this process requires fabrication steps and machines fully compatible with a classical CMOS process and available in standard CMOS foundries. Preliminary characterization results of 3-D thermal and flow sensors based on capacitive sensing demonstrate the potential of this concept
Suspicious electric consumption detection based on multi-profiling using live machine learning

The transition from today's electricity grid to the so-called smart grid relies heavily on the usage of modern information and communication technology to enable advanced features like two-way communication, an automated control of devices, and automated meter reading. The digital backbone of the smart grid opens the door for advanced collecting, monitoring, and processing of customers' energy consumption data. One promising approach is the automatic detection of suspicious consumption values, e.g., due to physically or digitally manipulated data or damaged devices. However, detecting suspicious values in the amount of meter data is challenging, especially because electric consumption heavily depends on the context. For instance, a customers energy consumption profile may change during vacation or weekends compared to normal working days. In this paper we present an advanced software monitoring and alerting system for suspicious consumption value detection based on live machine learning techniques. Our proposed system continuously learns context-dependent consumption profiles of customers, e.g., daily, weekly, and monthly profiles, classifies them and selects the most appropriate one according to the context, like date and weather. By learning not just one but several profiles per customer and in addition taking context parameters into account, our approach can minimize false alerts (low false positive rate). We evaluate our approach in terms of performance (live detection) and accuracy based on a data set from our partner, Creos Luxembourg S.A. , the electricity grid operator in Luxembourg.
Auswirkungen eines desmodromischen Maximalkrafttrainings auf Krafteigenschaften, Struktur und Genexpression des Skelettmuskels

Birgit Friedmann (Projektleiterin) , Timm Bauer , Judith Schonith , Helmut Muller , Ralf Kinscherf , Silke Vorwald , Hans-Ulrich Kauczor , Marc-Andre Weber , Konstanze Klute , Dirk Bischoff , Peter Bartsch 1 & Rudolf Billeter 5 1 Medizinische Universitatsklinik Heidelberg, Abteilung Innere Medizin VII: Sportmedizin 2 Olympiastutzpunkt Rhein-Neckar 3 Universitat Heidelberg, Abteilung fur Anatomie und Zellbiologie III 4 Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg, Abteilung Radiologie 5 University of Leeds (England), School of Biomedical Sciences
Original Contribution Arsenic Exposure, Diabetes Prevalence, and Diabetes Control in the Strong Heart Study

This study evaluated the association of arsenic exposure, as measured in urine, with diabetes prevalence, glycated hemoglobin, and insulin resistance in American Indian adults from Arizona, Oklahoma, and North and South Dakota (1989–1991). We studied 3,925 men and women 45–74 years of age with available urine arsenic measures. Diabetes was defined as a fasting glucose level of 126 mg/dL or higher, a 2-hour glucose level of 200 mg/dL or higher, a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of 6.5% or higher, or diabetes treatment. Median urine arsenic concentration was 14.1 μg/L (interquartile range, 7.9–24.2). Diabetes prevalence was 49.4%. After adjustment for sociodemographic factors, diabetes risk factors, and urine creatinine, the prevalence ratio of diabetes comparing the 75th versus 25th percentiles of total arsenic concentrations was 1.14 (95% confidence interval: 1.08, 1.21). The association between arsenic and diabetes was restricted to participants with poor diabetes control (HbA1c ≥8%). Arsenic was positively associated with HbA1c levels in participants with diabetes. Arsenic was not associated with HbA1c or with insulin resistance (assessed by homeostatic model assessment to quantify insulin resistance) in participants without diabetes. Urine arsenic was associated with diabetes control in a population from rural communities in the United States with a high burden of diabetes. Prospective studies that evaluate the direction of the relation between poor diabetes control and arsenic exposure are needed.
Decentralized Vehicle-to-Grid Control for Primary Frequency Regulation Considering Charging Demands

Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) control has the potential to provide frequency regulation service for power system operation from electric vehicles (EVs). In this paper, a decentralized V2G control (DVC) method is proposed for EVs to participate in primary frequency control considering charging demands from EV customers. When an EV customer wants to maintain the residual state of charge (SOC) of the EV battery, a V2G control strategy, called battery SOC holder (BSH), is performed to maintain the battery energy around the residual SOC along with adaptive frequency droop control. If the residual battery energy is not enough for next trip, the customer needs to charge the EV to higher SOC level. Then, a smart charging method, called charging with frequency regulation (CFR), is developed to achieve scheduled charging and provide frequency regulation at the same time. Simulations on a two-area interconnected power system with wind power integration have shown the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Interactive visual comparison of multiple trees

Traditionally, the visual analysis of hierarchies, respectively, trees, is conducted by focusing on one given hierarchy. However, in many research areas multiple, differing hierarchies need to be analyzed simultaneously in a comparative way - in particular to highlight differences between them, which sometimes can be subtle. A prominent example is the analysis of so-called phylogenetic trees in biology, reflecting hierarchical evolutionary relationships among a set of organisms. Typically, the analysis considers multiple phylogenetic trees, either to account for statistical significance or for differences in derivation of such evolutionary hierarchies; for example, based on different input data, such as the 16S ribosomal RNA and protein sequences of highly conserved enzymes. The simultaneous analysis of a collection of such trees leads to more insight into the evolutionary process. We introduce a novel visual analytics approach for the comparison of multiple hierarchies focusing on both global and local structures. A new tree comparison score has been elaborated for the identification of interesting patterns. We developed a set of linked hierarchy views showing the results of automatic tree comparison on various levels of details. This combined approach offers detailed assessment of local and global tree similarities. The approach was developed in close cooperation with experts from the evolutionary biology domain. We apply it to a phylogenetic data set on bacterial ancestry, demonstrating its application benefit.
Training Perceptual Experts: Feedback, Labels, and Contrasts

Are strategies for learning in education effective for learning in applied visual domains, such as fingerprint identification? We compare the effect of practice with immediate corrective feedback (feedback training), generating labels for features of matching and mismatching fingerprints (labels training), and contrasting matching and mismatching fingerprints (contrast training). We benchmark these strategies against a baseline of regular practice discriminating fingerprints. We found that all 3 training protocols—feedback, labels, and contrasts—resulted in a significantly greater ability to discriminate new pairs of prints (independent of response bias) than the baseline training protocol. We also found that feedback and labels training produced significantly lower rates of bias (i.e., learners in these groups were less likely to overcall matches) compared with baseline training. Our results demonstrate 3 different ways to boost expertise with matching prints, and have direct application to training perceptual expertise. Les stratégies d’apprentissage utilisées en éducation sont-elles aussi efficaces pour l’apprentissage de domaines visuels appliqués, comme l’identification d’empreintes digitales? Nous évaluons l’effet de la pratique par rapport à la rétroaction corrective immédiate (formation sur la rétroaction), à la génération d’étiquettes relatives à des caractéristiques d’empreintes digitales appariées et non appariées (formation sur l’étiquetage) et à la comparaison entre des empreintes digitales appariées et non appariées (formation sur la comparaison). Nous comparons ces stratégies à des pratiques régulières de discrimination d’empreintes digitales. Nous avons constaté que les trois protocoles de formation – rétroaction, étiquettes et comparaison – ont entraîné une plus grande habileté à discriminer les nouvelles paires d’empreintes (indépendamment du biais méthodologique) par rapport au protocole de formation de base. Nous avons également constaté que les formations basées sur la rétroaction et sur les étiquetage produisaient des taux de biais considérablement inférieurs (par ex., les apprenants de ces groupes étaient moins susceptibles de manquer les paires appariées) par rapport aux formations de base. Nos résultats présentent trois différentes façons de renforcer l’expertise en matière d’appariement d’empreintes digitales et ont une application directe sur la formation de l’expertise perceptuelle.