Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Decontamination of Powdery Foods Using an Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) Device for Practical Application

Controlling microbial problems when processing seeds and powdered foods is difficult due to their low water activity, irregular surfaces, and opaqueness. Moreover, existing thermal processing can readily cause various undesirable changes in sensory properties. Intense pulsed light (IPL) can be effective in nonthermal processing, and so two xenon lamps were attached to the sides of a self-designed cyclone type of pilot-scale IPL device. Each lamp was connected to its own power supply, and the following treatment conditions were applied to four sample types: lamp DC voltage of 1800–4200 V, pulse width of 0.5–1.0 ms, frequency of 2 Hz, and treatment time of 1–5 min. This device achieved reductions of 0.45, 0.66, and 0.88 log CFU/mL for ground black pepper, red pepper, and embryo buds of rice, respectively, under a total energy fluence of 12.31 J/cm2. Meanwhile, >3-log reductions were achieved for sesame seed samples under a total energy fluence of 11.26 J/cm2. In addition, analyses of color changes, water activity, and moisture content revealed no significant differences between the control and IPL-treated samples. These findings indicate that IPL treatment may be considered a feasible sterilization method for seeds and powdered foods.
Ungaged inflow and loss patterns in urban and agricultural sub‐reaches of the Logan River Observatory

Streams in semi‐arid urban and agricultural environments are often heavily diverted for anthropogenic purposes. However, they simultaneously receive substantial inflows from a variety of ungaged sources including stormwater returns, tile drainage, and irrigation runoff that help sustain flow during dry periods. Due to the inability to identify sources or directly gage many of these inflows, there is a clear need for methods to understand source origination while quantifying potential gains and losses over highly impacted reaches. In the context of the Logan River Observatory, historical gage data illustrate the importance of ungaged and unidentified inflows on maintaining or enhancing flows in both urban and agricultural reaches containing large diversions. To understand the inflows in this portion of the Logan River, we first analysed water samples for ions collected from a subset of representative inflow sources and applied clustering analyses to establish inflow source classifications and associated ion concentration ranges. These representative concentration ranges, combined with mainstem flow and river ion samples taken at sub‐reach scales, allow for the application of flow and mass balances to quantify inflow rates from different sources as well as any losses. These calculations demonstrate significant gains and losses occurring in many sub‐reaches during three sampling events. The dominant land use (urban or agriculture) and flow regime at the time of sampling were the primary drivers of gains and losses. These exchanges were found to be most important below large diversions during low flow conditions. This highlights the need to classify inflow sources (urban or agriculture, surface or groundwater) and estimate their contributions to anticipate instream consequences of land use and water management decisions. As irrigation and water conveyance practices become more efficient, a portion of these ungaged inflows could be diminished or eliminated, thus further depleting streamflow during dry periods.
Modification of PLA Scaffold Surface for Medical Applications

Materials used for medical applications (e.g., the cellular scaffold) should have not only the specific chemical composition, but the surface layer properties as well. For this reason, a method which enables an increase in the number of pores, wettability of the surface, and improvement the conditions of nutrient transportation into the membrane is being studied. The plasma of a dielectric barrier discharge was applied for the surface modification of polylactide obtained by dry or wet phase inversion. The plasma-modified surface was analyzed by contact angle measurements with water and diiodomethane. The surface free energy (SFE) was calculated by the Owens–Wendt method. The highest SFE and its polar component (67.6 mJ/m2 and 39.5 mJ/m2, respectively) were received when the process was conducted in an Ar + CO2 gas mixture with a discharge power of 20 W. The purpose of this research was to increase the wettability and porosity of the membrane’s surface. It can be concluded that the dielectric barrier discharge can effectively change the surface of the polylactide membranes, and that the structure of the modified membranes was not damaged during modification. The process of modification was easier for the membranes made by dry phase inversion. These materials had higher SFE values after the modification.
Little evidence of range size conservatism in freshwater plants across two continents

Range size conservatism suggests that closely‐related species maintain geographic ranges of similar extent. However, consensus regarding this suggestion has not been reached. To shed more light on this phenomenon, we studied freshwater plant range size conservatism, range overlap and environmental niche conservatism using congeneric species comparison in two continents. In addition, we investigated whether a phylogenetic signal is found in the range sizes of aquatic plants.
Satellite retrieval of aerosol combined with assimilated forecast

Abstract. We developed a new aerosol satellite retrieval algorithm combining a numerical aerosol forecast. In the retrieval algorithm, the short-term forecast from an aerosol data assimilation system was used as an a priori estimate instead of spatially and temporally constant values. This method was demonstrated using observation of the Advanced Himawari Imager onboard the Japan Meteorological Agency's geostationary satellite Himawari-8. Overall, the retrieval results incorporated strengths of the observation and the model and complemented their respective weaknesses, showing spatially finer distributions than the model forecast and less noisy distributions than the original algorithm. We validated the new algorithm using ground observation data and found that the aerosol parameters detectable by satellite sensors were retrieved more accurately than an a priori model forecast by adding satellite information. Further, the satellite retrieval accuracy was improved by introducing the model forecast instead of the constant a priori estimates. By using the assimilated forecast for an a priori estimate, information from previous observations can be propagated to future retrievals, leading to better retrieval accuracy. Observational information from the satellite and aerosol transport by the model are incorporated cyclically to effectively estimate the optimum field of aerosol.
GAN generated model observer for one class detection in SPECT imaging

Model observers are mathematical models used to perform a specific task, such as lesion detection. In this document, we will restrict ourselves to ideal model observers, which do not try to mimic human performance but try to perform perfect classification. However, we will not be following the usual definition of ideal model observer, which describes the model observer as a statistical classifier between two classes. Instead we will define a GAN network and train it to generate images from class H0, without lesions, and then use the discriminator of the GAN network as a model observer. Our method relies on pix2pix, which is a type of conditional GAN, the network is first trained to generate SPECT reconstructions-like data from the corresponding CT images. Later, the discriminator is used on simulated lesions to validate is usage as a classifier
How Well Do We Understand the Land‐Ocean‐Atmosphere Carbon Cycle?

Fossil fuel combustion, land use change and other human activities have increased the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) abundance by about 50% since the beginning of the industrial age. The atmospheric CO2 growth rates would have been much larger if natural sinks in the land biosphere and ocean had not removed over half of this anthropogenic CO2. As these CO2 emissions grew, uptake by the ocean increased in response to increases in atmospheric CO2 partial pressure (pCO2). On land, gross primary production also increased, but the dynamics of other key aspects of the land carbon cycle varied regionally. Over the past three decades, CO2 uptake by intact tropical humid forests declined, but these changes are offset by increased uptake across mid‐ and high‐latitudes. While there have been substantial improvements in our ability to study the carbon cycle, measurement and modeling gaps still limit our understanding of the processes driving its evolution. Continued ship‐based observations combined with expanded deployments of autonomous platforms are needed to quantify ocean‐atmosphere fluxes and interior ocean carbon storage on policy‐relevant spatial and temporal scales. There is also an urgent need for more comprehensive measurements of stocks, fluxes and atmospheric CO2 in humid tropical forests and across the Arctic and boreal regions, which are experiencing rapid change. Here, we review our understanding of the atmosphere, ocean, and land carbon cycles and their interactions, identify emerging measurement and modeling capabilities and gaps and the need for a sustainable, operational framework to ensure a scientific basis for carbon management.
CLCA1 Has a Prognostic Indicator for the Colorectal Cancer by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis

Colorectal cancer (CRC) has become the second most common digestive tract tumor. Even though the means to treat colon cancer have improved, patients prognosis is low due to the lack of accurate molecular targets. Hence, it urgently demanded better biomarkers for prognosis and progression of colon cancer. This study explores the hub gene associated with the prognosis of colorectal cancer and further analyzes the hub gene function. In this study, all genes mRNA expression data were from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) colon cancer database and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). These databases were used to screen the differentially expressed co-genes between colon cancer tissue and normal tissue. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis screened out a total of 103 differential coexpression genes (WGCNA). According to the R cluster profile package annotation analysis, these genes biological functions mainly concentrate on energy metabolism. Moreover, in the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, the CytoHubba plugin of Cytoscape was used to screen out ten genes (CLCA1, ZG16, GUCA2B, GUCA2A, CLCA4, SLC26A3, MS4A12, GCG, SI, and NR1H4). According to the survival analysis results, high expression of CLCA1has better overall survival and disease-free survival in patients with CRC. Simultaneously, the mRNA expression of CLCA1 in normal tissues was higher than that in CRC tissues. Besides, there were significant differences in the expression of CLCA1 in pathological stage, T stage, and M stage. By using a gene set enrichment analysis, we found several considerable enrichment pathways in the high-groups. CIBERSORT analysis for the proportion of TICs revealed that B-cell naive, dendritic cells, plasma cells, and CD4+ T cells were positively correlated with CLCA1 expression, suggesting that CLCA1 might be responsible for the preservation of immune-dominant status for TME. Finally, in the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database, the protein level of CLCA1 in the colorectal cancer samples decreased, consistent with the down-regulation of the mRNA expression level CLCA1. To sum up, by integrating WGCNA with differential gene expression analysis, this research generated a significant survival correlative gene called CLCA1 that can predict prognosis prediction in colon cancer.
Abstract OT-09-05: A randomized, pre-surgical study to investigate the biological effects of AZD9833 doses in women with ER-positive HER2-negative primary breast cancer (SERENA-3)

Background AZD9833 is an orally bioavailable selective estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist and degrader (SERD) that has shown anti-tumor efficacy in a range of preclinical breast cancer models. SERENA-1, an ongoing first-in-human study assessing AZD9833 as a monotherapy and in combination with palbociclib, established dose-dependent tolerability in pre- and post-menopausal women at doses of 25-450 mg once daily (QD), with clinical benefit and target engagement at all dose levels. Two randomized, open-label Phase 2 trials are also ongoing in women with ER+ HER2- breast cancer. SERENA-2 compares the efficacy of AZD9833 with fulvestrant in post-menopausal women with advanced breast cancer following treatment with ≤1 endocrine therapy. SERENA-3 will examine the biological effects of different doses of AZD9833 in treatment-naive women with primary breast cancer. Methods SERENA-3 is a randomized, open-label, parallel-group, pre-surgical study to investigate the biological effects of different doses of AZD9833 in ER+, HER2- primary breast cancer. Eligible patients will be post-menopausal (and potentially pre-menopausal) women awaiting curative-intent surgery for newly diagnosed, ER+ HER2- primary breast cancer. The study is designed in two stages. In Stage 1, 24 post-menopausal women will be randomized 1:1 to receive either 75 mg or 150 mg oral AZD9833 QD for 5-7 days, followed by a minimum 5-day pre-surgery washout period; Stage 2 gives provision for additional groups depending on emerging data from Stage 1. The primary objective of this study is to explore the effect of AZD9833 on ER expression in pre- and on-treatment tumor samples from women with primary breast cancer, as assessed by immunohistochemistry and H-score. Safety and tolerability will be assessed as secondary endpoints, along with the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of AZD9833 on other biomarkers. Blood will be collected at screening, on the day of biopsy and the day of surgery to assess circulating tumor DNA and exploratory biomarkers. Primary endpoint analysis will be performed on the pharmacodynamic analysis set. The study will be conducted in 20 centers across 3 countries. For more information please contact Professor John Robertson at: john.robertson@nottingham.ac. uk. Citation Format: John FR Robertson, Iain Moppett, Juan Enrique Bargallo Rocha, Giorgi Dzagnidze, Joanna Harding, Teresa Klinowska, Richard Mather, Alastair Mathewson, Rhiannon Maudsley, Christopher J Morrow, Andrew Saunders, Andy Sykes, Li Zhang, Justin PO Lindemann. A randomized, pre-surgical study to investigate the biological effects of AZD9833 doses in women with ER-positive HER2-negative primary breast cancer (SERENA-3) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2020 San Antonio Breast Cancer Virtual Symposium; 2020 Dec 8-11; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(4 Suppl):Abstract nr OT-09-05.
Effect of different extraction conditions on the antioxidant potential of baru almonds (Dipteryx alata Vog.): comparison to common nuts from Brazil

180 © 2014 Národné poľnohospodárske a potravinárske centrum (Slovakia) The Brazilian biomes are rich in many types of exotic species and one of the interesting native species is Dipteryx alata Vog. , commonly known as “barueiro”. Barueiro is a tree from Leguminosae family, fruits of which (commonly known as baru) are characterized by a thin pale brown shell and a yellow pulp (mesocarp) with a sweet taste, that envelope a hard and edible seed [1]. Roasted baru almonds are employed in diverse products and, in local diet, are used as an ingredient for candies and are used in the regional gastronomy. The flavour of baru is similar to that of peanut, but it is milder to the palate. For these reasons, baru has become a popular product especially in the central-western region of Brazil [2]. The literature reports that baru almond has high contents of lipids (around 40%), a considerable amount of digestible proteins (30%) and amino acids, and also are considered a good source of energy. Its mineral composition was also studied, revealing the presence of many minerals, such as zinc, iron and calcium [1–5]. Recent studies highlighted the high total phenolic content in extracts of roasted baru almonds and the bioactive properties of this natural resource [6, 7]. According to many studies, almonds, walnuts and nuts have been identified as good sources of natural antioxidants with bioactive properties [8–13]. On the other hand, artificial and synthetic antioxidants used in industry, such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), are being gradually restricted due to suspicions about possible toxic and carcinogenic effects [14, 15]. Such facts increased the demand for new antioxidants from natural sources, which encouraged Effect of different extraction conditions on the antioxidant potential of baru almonds (Dipteryx alata Vog.): comparison to common nuts from Brazil
A Comparative Study on the Influence of Nano and Micro Particles on the Workability and Mechanical Properties of Mortar Supplemented with Fly Ash

In this study, the effects of micro-Al2O3 (MA) and nano-Al2O3 (NA) on the mechanical properties and durability performance of a mortar containing fly ash (FA) were investigated. In the first step, MA and NA were added to the mortar (as a cement replacement) at dosages of 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% by weight. The flowability of the mixture containing NA and MA showed a dosage-dependent behavior, and the addition of MA resulted in a higher flow spread compared with NA. The flow spread increased at 5% (for both NA and MA), and a further increase in the particle content to 10% and 15% decreased the flow spread value. Although the presence of MA and NA contributed to increasing the compressive strength as the particle content increased, the addition of NA resulted in a greater increase in compressive strength (40% increase when adding 15% of NA). The highest splitting tensile strength was obtained when 10% NA was used, and a further increase in the particle content decreased the splitting tensile strength. In the optimization step, the effect of a binder replacement with FA (10, 20 and 30%) in the presence of 10% NA as the optimum level of additive was investigated. Generally, the addition of FA decreased the compressive strength. The highest drop in compressive strength was noticed at early ages, and there was no significant difference in strength development from 14 days to 28 days. A decreasing trend in the splitting tensile strength was observed with the addition of FA content.
Compact MIMO Shorted Microstrip Antenna for 5G Applications

: The objective of the work is to design a compact MIMO antenna at 3.5 GHz suitable for 5G applications. MIMO antenna is suitable choice for increasing the signal to noise ratio of mobile communication systems. The channel capacity can be increased by improving signal to noise ratio. At the same time, high isolation between the elements should be maintained. Planar inverted F antenna (PIFA) is used as a unit element for MIMO antenna in this work. The unit element dimensions are 9.5 x 7 mm 2 . Two shorting pins are used for getting better impedance matching. Four elements are arranged in the FR4 substrate with dielectric constant 4.4 and thickness of 1.6 mm. The performance of 4 element Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna is optimized using HFSS software. The results show that the better impedance matching at desired frequency band and a gain of 4.2 dB in the bore-sight axis is obtained for the four elements. The gain of four element antenna is improved from - 0.52 dB to 4.2 dB than two element antenna. The isolation between the elements is obtained below -15 dB . The overall volume of the antenna is 25.3 x 26.8 x 1.6 mm 3, which ensures compactness suitable for mobiles.
Assessment of satellite products for filling rainfall data gaps in the Amazon region

Rainfall data series with adequate quality and length are often incomplete or nonexistent. Thus, filling in rainfall gaps becomes necessary to complete databases. This article proposes the use of satellite products (TRMM—Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission, CHIRPS—Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Stations and CMORPH—CPC Morphing Technique) to fill gaps in the rainfall historical series. The simple regression method, using satellite rainfall estimates, was tested to fill the missing data from 164 rainfall gauge stations in the Amazon region. Large dispersions were observed between rainfall data, with R2 ranging from 0.383 to 0.844, the best results were found in areas with less rainfall. As well, the greatest performance of the products was verified in the dry period, with r and d higher than 0.899 and 0.950, respectively. The product with the best representation in the region was CHIRPS, which had the lowest monthly values of mean absolute error (0.979 mm) and root mean square error (3.656 mm). The results confirm that the satellite estimates satisfactorily represent the seasonal variation of rainfall in the region, despite presenting cases of overestimation and underestimation of data. The higher performance of CHIRPS can be explained by the higher spatial resolution (0.05°), allowing for more accurate weather forecasts. In fact, CHIRPS has the CHPclim model, which adds other factors to the good product performance. These characteristics justify the better performance of the CHIRPS product for filling gaps in daily rainfall data in the Amazon region, favoring the best monthly rainfall estimates for each region state analyzed.
The bradykinin B 1 receptor and the central regulation of blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats

in Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), respectively. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of 1 nmol B1 receptor agonist Lys-desArg 9 -BK significantly increased the BP of WKY and SHR by 7+1 and 19+2 mmHg, respectively. One nmol Sar[D-Phe 8 ]-desArg 9 -BK, a kininase-resistant B1 agonist, increased the BP of WKY and SHR by 19+2 and 17+2 mmHg, respectively and reduced HR in both strains. 3 I.c. v. injection of 0.01 nmol B1 antagonists, LysLeu 8 -desArg 9 -BK or AcLys[D-bNal 7 ,Ile 8 ]desArg 9 -BK (R715), significantly decreased mean BP in SHR (by 9+2 mmHg the former and 14+3 mmHg the latter compound), but not in WKY. In SHR, the BP response to R715 was associated to tachycardia. 4 I.c. v. Captopril, a kininase inhibitor, increased the BP of SHR, this response being partially prevented by i.c. v. R715 and reversed into a vasodepressor eAect by R715 in combination with the B2 antagonist Icatibant. 5 I.c. v. antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) targeted to the B1 receptor mRNA decreased BP in SHR, but not in WKY. HR was not altered in either strain. Distribution of fluoresceinconjugated ODNs was detected in brain areas surrounding cerebral ventricles. 6 Our results indicate that the brain B1 receptor participates in the regulation of BP. Activation of the B1 receptor by kinin metabolites could participate in the pathogenesis of hypertension in SHR.