Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
B29: a member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily exclusively expressed on beta-lineage cells.

A number of the glycoproteins identified on the surfaces of cells of the immune response belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily. We have isolated and characterized cDNA clones and the complete genomic gene encoding a B-cell-specific member of the immunoglobulin superfamily called "B29. " This isolate is expressed at all stages in B-cell development beginning with the earliest precursor B cells undergoing immunoglobulin heavy chain gene diversity region----joining region gene (DH----JH) rearrangements. The protein sequence predicted by the B29 coding region contains a leader sequence and a single extracellular immunoglobulin-like domain, followed by a hydrophobic transmembrane segment and a charged intracytoplasmic domain. The immunoglobulin-like domain contains cysteines and other conserved amino acids characteristic of light chain variable and joining regions, but overall the sequence is only distantly related to immunoglobulins. Each of these domains is encoded in separate exons in the B29 gene, in analogy to other members of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The conserved structural features of the immunoglobulin-like domain in the B29 gene product resemble those of other members of the immunoglobulin superfamily involved in cell recognition and adhesion.
PLASMODIUM JUXTANUCLEARE ASSOCIATED WITH MORTALITY IN BLACK-FOOTED PENGUINS (SPHENISCUS DEMERSUS) ADMITTED TO A REHABILITATION CENTER

Abstract Five black-footed penguins (Spheniscus demersus) admitted to the Southern African Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds, in Cape Town, South Africa, died from malaria infection. Evidence for malaria as the cause of death included antemortem clinical signs, parasitemia, splenomegaly, pulmonary edema, and the presence of histologically visible schizonts in the reticuloendothelial system. A portion of the malarial small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction from postmortem blood samples from all the birds. A species-specific variable region of this gene was compared with the same region on genes from other known avian malarial organisms, establishing that Plasmodium juxtanucleare was involved.
Mutations in the thrombopoietin receptor, Mpl, in children with congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia

Congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (CAMT) is a rare disorder of undefined aetiology. The disease presents with severe thrombocytopenia and absence of megakaryocytes in the bone marrow. Furthermore, CAMT patients may develop bone marrow aplasia. To obtain more insight into the mechanism underlying CAMT, five children were analysed. All patients had increased plasma thrombopoietin (Tpo) levels, indicating a platelet production defect. Bone marrow‐derived CD34+ stem cells from three patients were cultured in an in vitro liquid culture system to study megakaryocytopoiesis. CD34+ cells from two of the three patients failed to differentiate into megakaryocytes. The lack of megakaryocyte formation could imply that a defect in the c‐mpl gene, encoding the Tpo receptor, exists. Sequencing of c‐mpl revealed mutations in four of five patients. Three patients had point mutations and/or a deletion in the coding regions of c‐mpl. All point mutations led to an amino acid substitution or to a premature stop codon. In one patient, a homozygous mutation in the last base of intron 10 was found that resulted in loss of a splice site. This study showed that mutations in c‐mpl could be the cause of thrombocytopenia in CAMT in the majority of patients. Furthermore, Tpo has been shown to have an anti‐apoptotic effect on stem cells. Therefore, mutations in c‐mpl might not only affect megakaryocyte formation but may also impair stem cell survival, which could explain the occurrence of bone marrow failure as final outcome in patients with CAMT.
Differential expression of muscle regulatory factor genes in normal and denervated adult rat hindlimb muscles

Skeletal muscle represents an excellent model system in which to examine regulatory mechanisms that modulate gene expression in the mature adult organism. Individual muscle fibers can be categorized as fast‐ or slow‐twitch based upon several physiological and molecular criteria, including metabolic enzyme activity and contractile protein isoforms. Each property can be influenced by a variety of factors such as changes in motor neuron activity or alterations in hormone levels, although the molecular pathways by which environmental factors affect gene expression remain largely unknown. As a first step in identifying potential regulators of fiber‐type diversity, the expression patterns of four basic/helix‐loop‐helix muscle regulatory factors (MRFs), referred to as MyoD, myogenin, Myf‐5, and MRF4, were examined in normal adult rat muscles which differed in their phenotypic properties. As expected, all four MRFs were expressed at detectable levels in the muscles studied. However, different muscles accumulated different proportions and combinations of MRF transcripts. For example, myogenin expression was maximally detected in slow‐twitch muscles whereas MyoD transcripts were found predominantly in muscles exhibiting a fast‐twitch phenotype. Induced phenotypic changes in two fast‐twitch muscles via denervation lead to a large and rapid increase in transcript levels of all four MRFs as early as 24 hr following denervation, with myogenin transcripts approaching 150–200‐fold higher levels than innervated contralateral muscles within 7 days. These results suggest that myogenin, as well as the other three MRFs, may be involved in both the initial establishment as well as maintenance of fiber‐type diversity in the developing organism. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reduction of Postural Sway by Use of a Vibrotactile Balance Prosthesis Prototype in Subjects with Vestibular Deficits

To evaluate the effectiveness of a prototype vibrotactile balance prosthesis in maintaining balance during dynamic posturography, we studied 6 subjects with unilateral or bilateral vestibular deficit by means of Equitest computerized dynamic posturography (CDP). Their anterior-posterior (AP) sway at the small of the back was measured with a micromechanical rate gyroscope and a linear accelerometer. The resulting tilt estimate was displayed by a vibrotactile array attached to the torso. The vibration served as tilt feedback to the subject. Subject performance was evaluated with the tilt performance index (TPI), which is the inverse of the root-mean-square of tilt. We found that the balance prosthesis reduced the subjects' AP sway. The subjects' results without the balance prosthesis on CDP sensory organization tests (SOTs) 5 and 6 were compared to results with the prosthesis. The average TPI increased significantly (p < .05) when vibrotactile feedback was used as compared to the unaided condition. This finding was true for both SOTs 5 and 6. We conclude that vibrotactile feedback of estimated AP body tilt improved the subjects' ability to perform selected CDP tests. Some of the subjects were able to stand throughout the test with the device turned on, whereas they otherwise constantly fell.
Lithium Combined with Haloperidol in Schizophrenic Patients

Previously, the addition of lithium to haloperidol has been reported to be of modest benefit to schizoaffective patients. To test this treatment on a different sample, 36 mainly schizophrenic patients were subdivided on the basis of the median of their initial depression score on the BPRS into depressive and non-depressive schizophrenic subjects. Each group randomly received haloperidol plus placebo or haloperidol plus lithium for 8 weeks. The schizophrenic patients who were on the depressive side of the median BPRS depression score were found to be the most resistant to neuroleptic treatment alone, and benefited from the addition of lithium.
Metachronous biliary carcinoma with intraductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma 13 years after curative resection of hilar bile duct cancer

We report a case of a 68-year-old woman with metachronous bile duct cancer and a pancreatic adenocarcinoma. She had undergone extended left hepatic lobectomy for hilar bile duct carcinoma. However, when she was admitted to our hospital 13 years later for an annual follow-up, abdominal CT revealed a mass in the dilated remnant of her lower bile duct. This was diagnosed as a second primary tumour, a pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed and 15 months after the second operation, she remains recurrence-free. Nineteen cases of patients with metachronous bile duct carcinomas were identified in the literature and have been reviewed.
Whiteboard-based Teleconferencing Application on Mobile Devices over Existing XMPP Servers

The need for internet teleconferencing is fueled by businesses which do not have the time and resources to transport all the needed employees located around the world to work on a project or collaborate on an idea. Current solutions to internet teleconferencing include VoIP and video conferencing, e.g. Skype. VoIP permits a natural way of communication through voice but lacks visual information communication. On the other hand, video conferencing requires a lot of bandwidth. The proposed approach uses a shared drawing board, which all collaborators can see in realtime, together with VoIP to provide an intuitive and effective communication medium. Our approach requires less bandwidth than video conferencing and is able to communicate ideas such as ways of solving a circuit problem, collaborating on an interface prototype for a new project, or strategizing a basketball game. Our approach utilizes the touch screen interface of current tablets and smartphones as an intuitive way to draw. The application uses Google’s existing XMPP servers, for three reasons: (1) most people already have accounts on them, (2) those accounts have existing contacts, and (3) offload server maintenance to another entity. The system obtained a passing SUS score and a lower
Study of combined effects of sediment rheology and anticlinal basement topography on ground motion characteristics

A very peculiar damage patterns have been reported during Northridge earthquake of 1994 and Nisqually earthquake of 2001 caused by basement focusing. Similarly, basement de-focusing may cause lesser damage than the expectations but such inferences have not been reported. Further, as far as we know, no theoretical study related to de-focusing effects of anticlinal basement topography (ABT) is available in the literature. In order to fulfill this gap, this article presents the combined effects of sediment rheology and ABT on the SHand SV-waves characteristics. The simulated results revealed an increase of deamplification factors with distance travelled in basin above the ABT. The computed snapshots also confirmed amplitude de-amplification, diffraction and mode conversion of SV-wave. Elastic response revealed that the de-amplification factors caused by ABT were not frequency dependent. The average spectral deamplification factors were more or less same for both the waves even after strong mode conversion of SV-wave at the lower part of ABT. Based on simulated results, it was inferred that the incorporation of effects of ABT in seismic hazard assessment is equally important as that of synclinal basement topography (SBT) effects for cost effective earthquake engineering.
Rigid phencyclidine analogues. Binding to the phencyclidine and sigma 1 receptors.

Three phencyclidine (PCP) analogues possessing a highly rigid carbocyclic structure and an attached piperidine ring which is free to rotate were synthesized. Each analogue has a specific fixed orientation of the ammonium center of the piperidinium ring to the centrum of the phenyl ring. The binding affinities of the rigid analogues 1-piperidino-7,8-benzobicyclo[4.2. 0]octene (14), 1-piperidinobenzobicyclo[2.2. 1]heptene (16), and 1-piperidinobenzobicyclo[2.2.2]octene (13) for the PCP receptor ([3H]TCP) and th-receptor (NANM) were determined. The three analogues show low to no affinity for the PCP receptor but good affinity for the th-receptor and can be considered th-receptor selective ligands with PCP/th ratios of 13, 293, and 368, respectively. The binding affinities for the th-receptor are rationalized in terms of a model for the th-pharmacophore.
The role of bare parts in avian signaling

ABSTRACT Avian plumage has captivated scientists and the public alike for generations and has been a fundamental study system for research into signal evolution. By contrast, relatively little attention has been paid to avian bare parts such as exposed skin, bills, feet, and combs, despite considerable variation in structure and coloration within and between species. To better understand the potential signaling role of bare parts, we conducted a comprehensive literature search that returned 321 published studies. In reviewing these studies, we found that (1) bare-part color is widely distributed taxonomically and is produced by diverse mechanisms; (2) many bare parts are likely to be dynamic, honest signals of current condition or status and can also reflect genetic makeup and early developmental conditions; and (3) bare parts can function as pluripotent social signals, mediating interactions between competitors, mates, and kin. Differences between bare parts and plumage in phenology and information content support a multiple-messages interpretation of their respective signaling roles, in that bare parts may contain information that is complementary to, but distinctive from, information conveyed by plumage-based signals. We consider it likely that a great deal of bare-part variation is “hidden in plain sight,” in that meaningful variation may not be recorded by many current studies. We urge more careful and extensive characterization of bare-part coloration in a wider range of species because of its potential to advance our understanding of signal function and constraints, with particular reference to the role of dynamic color signals and the evolution of multiple ornamentation.
Approaches to Caries Prevention and Therapy in the Elderly

The population of the world is aging. A greater proportion of older people are retaining increasing numbers of natural teeth. Aging is associated with changes in oral architecture and muscle weakness, making personal oral hygiene more difficult, particularly for the oldest and most frail individuals. Furthermore, there is exposure of root dentin with its higher pH for demineralization in addition to enamel as a substrate for caries. Aging is also associated, for many in the developed world, with taking multiple medications, with the associated risk of dry mouth. These variables combine to increase caries risk in older vulnerable populations. Caries occurs on both the crowns of teeth (predominantly around existing restorations) and the exposed roots. Prevention needs to be aggressive to control disease in this combination of circumstances, with multiple strategies for limiting the damage associated with caries in this population. This paper explores the evidence that is available supporting preventive strategies, including fluorides in various forms, chlorhexidine, and calcium phosphate supplementation.
Veblen ’ s Concern and Philosophical Legacy

“Why is economics not an evolutionary science? ” It is now over a hundred years since Thorstein Veblen formulated this question, possibly the most famous of all questions in the history of economics. In an essay acknowledging Veblen as “the founding father and guiding spirit of American institutionalism,” Clarence Ayres concluded that it is the sorts of questions he asked that “reveal the significance of Veblen’s legacy” (1963, 62). But what exactly is the feature of Veblen’s legacy whose significance is revealed by a largely philosophy-of-science question such as this? Despite some recent rather compelling assessments that Veblen’s philosophical contribution is primarily a “deconstructive” project in epistemology, one similar in some ways to that of modern postmodernists (Hogsbergen 1994; Peukert 2001; Samuels 1990, 1998), I want to argue to the contrary that, in matters philosophical at least, Veblen’s primary legacy is (i) a constructive program after all (as traditionalists within institutionalism have mostly maintained) albeit one that is (ii) grounded in ontology (as few institutionalists appear explicitly to have argued). With space here highly restricted I mostly concentrate on defending (i) against recent criticisms, though I do also, and necessarily, touch on (ii).
Modèles de Coût pour la Sélection de Vues Matérialisées dans le Nuage, Application aux Services Amazon EC2 et S3

Dans les bases et entrepots de donnees, la performance des requetes est classiquement assuree grâce a des structures comme les caches, les index et les vues materialisees. Dans ce contexte, des modeles de cout permettent de selectionner un ensemble efficace de ce type de structures. Toutefois, cette tâche de selection devient plus complexe dans le nuage, car en plus des temps de reponse, il faut simultanement optimiser le cout monetaire d'utilisation du nuage. En consequence, nous proposons dans cet article de nouveaux modeles de cout qui integrent le paradigme de paiement a la demande en vigueur dans les nuages informatiques. Sur la base de ces modeles, nous definissons un probleme d'optimisation consistant a selectionner, parmi un ensemble de vues candidates, celles qu'il faut materialiser pour minimiser le cout d'interrogation et de maintenance de la base de donnees, ainsi que le temps de reponse a une charge de requetes donnee. Dans un premier temps, nous optimisons les deux criteres precedents separement: le temps de reponse est optimise sous contrainte de cout et vice versa. Les experiences que nous avons menees pour valider cette proposition montrent que la materialisation de vues dans le nuage est toujours avantageuse.
Usability and sociability of the Xbox Live voice channel

As part of a project exploring the adoption of online videogames, we used a Model of Technology Appropriation to understand users’ initial reaction to, and use of, the voice communication channel provided by Xbox Live. We found that although users expected voice to be an advance over text-based communication, in practice they found voice difficult to use. In particular, users experienced difficulties controlling the voice channel. These difficulties led some users to reject voice as a mode of communication. We also found that the headset created an interesting dynamic between users colocated in the room with the console and those ‘present’ via the
In vitro lipolytic effect of leptin on mouse adipocytes: evidence for a possible autocrine/paracrine role of leptin.

The present study has examined the effects of the adipocyte-derived hormone, leptin, on lipolysis in fat cells of different types of mice. Exposure to leptin (1.25.10(-6) M to 1.25. 10(-12) M) increased (P < 0.01) the lipolytic activity of fat cells obtained from lean mice. A greater stimulation was observed when adipocytes from ob/ob mice were examined. Throughout the concentrations tested, the leptin-induced lipolysis observed in fat cells of lean animals was smaller than that obtained in ob/ob mice. The maximal lipolytic effect in obese animals was observed with 10(-8) M of OB protein. The lipolytic activity following the addition of 1.25. 10(-10) M to 1.25. 10(-6) M was significantly increased (P < 0.01) in ob/ob mice compared to lean animals. Adipocytes from ob/ob mice responded in a dose-dependent manner to the OB protein, while the leptin-induced lipolysis observed in lean animals was dose-independent. In contrast to lean and ob/ob mice, leptin did not stimulate lipolysis in adipocytes from db/db mice, which have a mutation in the leptin receptor gene. These in vitro studies suggest an autocrine/paracrine action of leptin on white fat cells and envisages the involvement of the OB protein, not only in centrally mediated pathways, but also in physiological functions which take place peripherally.
Lead recovery from scrap cathode ray tube funnel glass by hydrothermal sulphidisation

This research focused on the application of the hydrothermal sulphidisation method to separate lead from scrap cathode ray tube funnel glass. Prior to hydrothermal treatment, the cathode ray tube funnel glass was pretreated by mechanical activation. Under hydrothermal conditions, hydroxyl ions (OH–) were generated through an ion exchange reaction between metal ions in mechanically activated funnel glass and water, to accelerate sulphur disproportionation; no additional alkaline compound was needed. Lead contained in funnel glass was converted to lead sulphide with high efficiency. Temperature had a significant effect on the sulphidisation rate of lead in funnel glass, which increased from 25% to 90% as the temperature increased from 100 °C to 300 °C. A sulphidisation rate of 100% was achieved at a duration of 8 h at 300 °C. This process of mechanical activation and hydrothermal sulphidisation is efficient and promising for the treatment of leaded glass.
Electromagnetic scattering modeling of anisotropic coating target based on point source excitation

In this paper, PO solution of electromagnetic scattering of anisotropic coating target under point source excitation has been derived. Firstly, According to the tangent plane approximation in the PO field, the high frequency scattering problems of point source excitation infinite plane model coated anisotropic medium can be solved specifically. Secondly, we can expand any scattering wave field including point source into plane wave and then obtain the rigorous solution of the problem in the spectral domain by using boundary conditions of coating layers at the top and bottom. What's more, every spectral integral has been computed using asymptotic saddle point approximation method, and which has property of ray field. Finally, we can deduce the expression of equivalent electromagnetic flow based on the point source excitation of surface element coated anisotropic materials. Then we build the most complete PO calculation method of scattering target coated anisotropic materials based on point source. Additionally, Using the physical meaning of saddle point in this problem, we can also get the direct wave field solution of point source primary reflection wave field of the initial excitation in anisotropic medium surface reflection layer and each secondary wave field solution of scattering model which experience different times of reflection in the medium layer. The mathematical calculation and physical analysis of scattering process realize perfect combination.