Expresión de metaloproteinasas en el proceso de palatogénesis: revisión sistemática de la literatura

Antecedentes: el desarrollo del paladar es un evento complejo que requiere la sintesis y la degradacion de diferentes componentes de la matriz extracelular, como colageno tipos I, II y III, fibronectina y acido hialuronico. Las metaloproteinasas de matriz (MMP) son una familia de proteasas encargadas de la remodelacion tisular y su actividad esta regulada por sus inhibidores endogenos (TIMP). Diferentes estudios demuestran la participacion de MMP y TIMP en la palatogenesis y su relacion con la presencia de fisuras oropalatinas. Objetivo: clasificar los diferentes estudios en modelos experimentales y en humanos que evidencien la participacion de metaloproteinasas y sus inhibidores en el desarrollo palatino y su relacion con patologias como el labio y paladar fisurado. Metodos: se realizo una revision sistematica de la literatura en las bases bibliograficas PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science y Cochrane con los terminos booleanos palate, development, palatogenesis, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), extracellular matrix, y cleft and lip palate, para clasificar los diferentes estudios relacionados con la presencia de MMP y TIMP en el paladar y los metodos utilizados para detectar su expresion en el paladar entre 1997 y 2014. Resultados y conclusiones: los estudios en modelos experimentales evidencian la participacion de MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-13, MMP-25, ADAMTS9, y ADAMTS20 y TIMP en diferentes estadios del desarrollo palatino en murinos. Por el contrario, los reportados en humanos son escasos y se han relacionado con polimorfismos en MMP-3 y MMP-25 asociados a presencia de labio y paladar fisurado no sindromico. Background: Palate development is a complex event that requires the synthesis and degradation of various components of the extracellular matrix, such as collagen type I, II and III, fibronectin, and hyaluronic acid. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of proteases responsible for tissue remodeling and its activity is regulated by their endogenous inhibitors (TIMPs). Several studies demonstrate the role of MMPs and TIMPs in palatogenesis and their relationship with cleft and lip palate. Purpose: To classify existing studies with experimental and human models that show the role of metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in palatal development and its relationship to diseases such as cleft lip and palate. Methods: This systematic literature was carried out in the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases. The search included Boolean descriptors like palate, development, palatogenesis, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), extracellular matrix, and cleft lip and palate, in order to classify the studies related to the presence of MMPs and TIMPs in palate and the methods used to detect their expression between the years of 1997 and 2014. Results and Conclusion: Studies in animal models demonstrate the expression of MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-13, MMP-25, ADAMTS9, ADAMTS20, and TIMPs in different stages of development in murine palate. By contrast, studies reported in humans are scarce and have been associated with polymorphisms of MMP-3 and MMP -25 associated with the presence of non-syndromic lip and cleft palate.