Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Études biologiques et comportementales de deux espèces de moustiques (Aedes albopictus et Anopheles arabiensis) vectrices de maladies en vue du développement de la Technique de l’Insecte Stérile (TIS) contre ces vecteurs à l’île de la Réunion

Les femelles moustiques peuvent etre vectrices de nombreux agents infectieux (virus, protozoaires, helminthes) pour l'Homme, qui peuvent etre la cause de maladies graves comme le paludisme et la dengue. Ces maladies menacent respectivement 50 et 40% de la population mondiale ; le paludisme etant responsable de pres d'un million de deces par an. Les methodes de lutte anti-vectorielle destinees a limiter les populations vectrices et stopper la transmission de maladies, se heurtent au developpement incessant de resistances de la part des moustiques et des agents infectieux vis-a-vis des traitements employes. Bien que certaines regions du monde aient reussi a stopper efficacement la transmission de certaines de ces maladies, une grande partie des regions tropicales reste menacee. De plus l'expansion rapide de certaines especes vectrices, telles qu'Aedes albopictus, accroit les risques sanitaires dans de nouvelles regions du globe. La technique de l'insecte sterile (TIS), qui a permis l'eradication ou la suppression des populations de nombreux insectes nuisibles aux cultures et a l'Homme, represente un moyen de lutte prometteur contre les moustiques. Cette technique s'appuie sur le lâcher en masse de mâles sterilises par rayonnements ionisants qui, en transferant un sperme sterile aux femelles sauvages, vont permettre une diminution progressive de la population cible. Suite a l'epidemie de chikungunya a l'ile de la Reunion en 2005 et face aux menaces permanentes de recrudescence de la dengue et du paludisme, les services de lutte anti-vectorielle reunionnais mettent en place d'importants moyens de lutte contre les populations de moustiques concernees. Toutefois, ces mesures ne permettant pas une diminution durable des densites de vecteurs, une etude de faisabilite est en cours quant a l'utilisation de la TIS pour diminuer et controler les populations d’Aedes albopictus, vecteur de la dengue et du chikungunya, et d’Anopheles arabiensis, vecteur du paludisme.Ce travail de these s'inscrit dans le cadre du projet TIS Reunion, dans le but d'etudier la biologie et le comportement des souches destinees aux lâchers de mâles steriles. Dans un premier temps, cette etude s'interesse a la comparaison entre les souches d'elevage d’Anopheles arabiensis et les souches sauvages, ainsi qu'aux modalites de sterilisation des mâles de la souche a sexage genetique. Une seconde partie est consacree a l'etude de l'effet de l'irradiation sur les mâles d’Aedes albopictus, en etudiant plus particulierement leur strategie de reproduction, leur capacite d'insemination en laboratoire, ainsi que leur competitivite sexuelle et longevite face aux mâles sauvages en conditions semi-controlees.
Clinical and epidemiological aspects of an outbreak of viral hepatitis E in a training centre

Background: HEV infection is responsible for half of all outbreaks of acute liver disease in endemic areas. The present study deals with eighty eight cases of faeces orally transmitted Hepatitis E virus (HEV) in a regimental training center in South India in October 2016 to November 2016.Methods: Methodology and case definitions which were used for confirmed case and presumptive case of viral hepatitis were same as those which were used by Singh et al in their study. Surveillance data for all the cases was reviewed. The outbreak was described in terms of person, place and time. A sanitary survey carried out to detect the likely sources of contamination of water and to study the methods of sewage disposal with regards to septic tanks/soak pits.Results: Out of eighty-eight cases, two persons were HBsAg +ve, five were positive for both Hepatitis A and E, sixty-eight were positive for hepatitis E, five were positive for Hepatitis A, 8 persons were found negative for all the above hepatitis viruses. Overflow of sewage with foul smell and leaking water pipeline in 2 places were observed in the unit area. The overall attack rate was 27.69%. Conclusions: The present outbreak was due to faecal contamination of drinking water supplied to the regimental centre, which occurred due to old and corroded leaking pipelines in close proximity to old sewage lines having leakage through their walls. Medical authorities should maintain surveillance for all water and food borne diseases.
Study of the liver metabolic activation of some plant phenolic compounds

Phenolic compounds form one of the main classes of secondary metabolites. The widespread use of flavonoids and phenolic acids necessitates the study of their metabolism. The aim of this work is to predict the possible metabolites of some plant phenolic compounds by a specialized software (OECD (Q)SAR Application Toolbox. Analysis of data reveals that after metabolic activation in liver (observed pathways) for five of the six plant phenolic compounds liver metabolism was not observed. Only for one compound (Luteolin) metabolic activation in liver (observed pathways) was observed.
Analysis of Land Uses In Iraqi Cities

Abstract—Land use plans in Iraqi cities are traditional and don’t seek to be sustainable and therefore could have negative impacts on the city from the environmental, economic, social and urban aspects. Consequently, the research aims to analyze the current and future of the land use for a set of Iraqi cities to reach the indicators of the gap between traditional and sustainable plans when planning for land uses. The research conclusion is that most Iraqi cities are highly urban sprawl, both in reality and in the future expansion of the city. That is because it consumes a lot of agricultural land, cities with low population densities that are unsustainable, and most land uses are unsustainable focusing on reducing the agricultural and green lands in the city and increase residential uses (single type with very low density), and expand the areas of the streets that depend on the automated transportation more than sustainable transportation. The research suggests that sustainable land uses in Iraqi cities should be as follows:  Residential use: vertical housing pattern 30 %, horizontal housing pattern 15 %.  Mixed use 12 %.  Green, open and recreational areas 22 %.  Sustainable transport 13 %.  Public, community and government services 8 %.
Natural fibres as promising environmental-friendly reinforcements for polymer composites

Polymer composites are an important class of materials widely being used for many applications. But the main concern of non-degradability and adverse environmental impact of the polymer matrices and the synthetic reinforcements have given forth the need of environmental-friendly polymer matrices and reinforcements used in them. An attempt of such kind is to use the natural plant fibres as the reinforcements that have no harmful impact on the environment and also, they are cost effective. With growing interest in natural fibres in recent years, a lot of work is being done in various directions, which need to be gathered up for a specific interest. So, the present article is an attempt to review and discuss the research works that have evaluated the natural plant fibres as reinforcements in polymer composites. Natural fibre composites show variation of properties such as fibre’s source, type and structure. Interfacial adhesion between the fibre and the matrix is the most important factor when tensile properties of natural fibre composites are under consideration. The interfacial strength can be improved by some chemical modification of fibre surface, which changes the adhesion between fibre and matrix. These features of natural fibres as compared to synthetic fibres are motivating manufacturers and the end users to switch to natural fibre-based products.
Improved DC and RF Performance of Novel MIS p-GaN-Gated HEMTs by Gate-All-Around Structure

In this study, we report a novel structure of enhancement-mode metal-insulator-semiconductor high electron mobility transistor (E-mode MIS HEMT) with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${p}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-GaN gate by gate-all-around technology. The gate-all-around structure is fabricated by depositing an insulator and gate to surround the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${p}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-GaN mesa. The <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${p}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-GaN length is smaller than the gate length, which would easily turn on the two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) of channel and result in a higher drain current and thus improve the device performance. The gate-all-around <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${p}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-GaN MIS HEMT has better gate control, better transconductance, and lower gate leakage current. The device exhibits a threshold voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{V}_{\text {th}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 1.5 V, a maximum transconductance (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{G}_{\text {m.max}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 101 mS/mm, and a drain saturation current density (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{J}_{\text {DS, max}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 412 mA/mm at a gate bias (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{V}_{\text {g}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of 5 V. The most important achievement is that the gate leakage current at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{V}_{\text {g}}= 5$ </tex-math></inline-formula> V is only 10<sup>−8</sup> mA/mm. Moreover, the ratio of drain current density to gate leakage current density (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{J}_{\text {DS}}/\text{J}_{\text {GS}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) is 10<sup>8</sup> at <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{V}_{\text {g}}= 5$ </tex-math></inline-formula> V. Finally, the cut-off frequency (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{f}_{\text {t}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and maximum oscillation frequency (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{f}_{\text {max}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of microwave performance for this gate-all-around device with a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> gate length are 6.0 and 9.8 GHz, respectively.
Tumour angiogenesis : basic mechanisms and cancer therapy

Historical Overview: Tumor angiogenesis: From bench to bedside. - Mechanisms: Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in development. Guidance of vascular and neuronal network formation. The angiogenic switch in tumorigenesis. Pathophysiology and clinical implications of vascular endothelial growth factor. Regulation of angiogenesis and vascular homeostasis through the Angiopoietin/Tie system. Eph receptors and ephrins: role in vascular development and tumor angiogenesis. The role of the neuropilins and their associated plexin receptors in tumor angiogenesis and tumor progression. PDGF: impact on physiological and tumor angiogenesis. Hypoxia and tumour angiogenesis. Hypoxia and angiogenesis in GBM. Endogenous inhibitors of angiogenesis. Thrombospondins and angiogenesis. Molecular and cellular aspects of heparanase. Vessel maturation and perivascular cells. Adhesion molecules in the vascular cell cross-talk. Homing and differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells. Molecular players in lymphangiogenesis. The relationship between tumors and the lymphatics: consequences for metastasis. Inflammation and angiogenesis: innate immune cells as modulators of tumor vascularization. Arteriovenous malformation in mice and men. - Animal Models and Preclinical Anti-Angiogenic Studies: VEGF antibodies for anti-angiogenic therapy. VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of cancer. VEGF receptor antibodies for anti-angiogenic therapy. Angiopoietin-2 antagonists for anti-angiogenic therapy. Anti-angiogenic therapy with thrombospondins. The use of orthotopic models to validate anti-vascular therapies for cancer. Vascular tumor targeting. Molecular imaging of targets and therapeutics in tumor angiogenesis. Imaging of tumor angiogenesis and anti-angiogenesis. Visualization of microcirculation anti-angiogenic tumor therapy. Cellular actions of angiogenesis inhibitors on blood vessels. Anti-angiogenic therapy for normalization of tumor vasculature and microenvironment. Metronomic anti-angiogenic chemotherapy: questions and answers. - Anti-Angiogenic Tumor Therapy in Clinical Studies: Clinical development of Avastin. Clinical development of Sorafenib (BAY 43-9006), a VEGF-R/RAF inhibitor. Clinical development of the VEGFR signalling inhibitor AZD2171. Clinical development of Sunitinib Malate. The EGF(R) and VEGF(R) pathways as combined targets for anti-angiogenesis trials in cancer therapy. Imaging the effect of anti-angiogenic tumor therapy in clinical studies. ZD6474: preclinical and clinical development. Integrins: targets for anti-angiogenic therapy. Thalidomide in multiple myeloma. Surrogate markers of angiogenesis. Vascular disrupting agents in cancer therapy.
Stability analysis and nonlinear current‐limiting control design for DC micro‐grids with CPLs

In this paper, a DC micro-grid architecture consisting of multiple paralleled energy resources interfaced by both bidirectional AC/DC and DC/DC boost converters and loaded by a constant power load (CPL) is investigated. By considering the generic dq transformation of the AC/DC converters’ dynamics and the accurate nonlinear model of the DC/DC converters, two novel control schemes are presented for each converter-interfaced unit to guarantee load voltage regulation, power sharing and closed-loop system stability. This novel control framework incorporates the widely adopted droop control expressions and using input-to-state stability theory, it is proven that each converter unit guarantees a desired current limitation during transients without the need for cascaded control and saturation blocks. Since CPLs are known to result in DC micro-grid instability due to their negative impedance behaviour, sufficient conditions to ensure closed-loop system stability with the proposed current-limiting control framework are analytically obtained and tested for different operation scenarios. The system stability is further analyzed from a graphical perspective, providing valuable insights of the CPL’s influence onto the system performance and stability. The proposed control performance and the theoretical stability analysis are first validated by simulating a three-phase AC/DC converter in parallel with a bidirectional DC/DC boost converter feeding a common CPL in comparison with the traditional cascaded P I control technique. Finally, experimental results are also provided to further demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control approach on a real testbed.
Avian diseases which affect egg production and quality

Abstract: This chapter addresses diseases and syndromes which have been shown, or are reported, to have adverse effects on egg production and quality. However, any disease of poultry can adversely affect egg production and quality indirectly, by affecting the health of the bird. The main topics are the effect on egg production and quality of bacteria (Salmonella, Mycoplasma, Escherichia coli, infectious coryza, Ornithobacterium, Gallibacterium, spirochaetosis), viruses (infectious bronchitis virus, egg drop syndrome, swollen head syndrome, avian encephalomyelitis, influenza, Newcastle disease, laryngotracheitis), syndromes (fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome, cage layer osteoporosis) and toxic agents. A short section on clinical perspectives reports on information obtained from practising poultry veterinarians as such observations can provide valuable starting points for future research.
Short‐term effects of herbicides and a prescribed fire on restoration of a shrub‐encroached pine savanna

Shrub encroachment occurring worldwide in savannas and grasslands has commonly been hypothesized to result from anthropogenically altered environments. Two disturbance‐based approaches to restoration have involved: (1) application of selective herbicides to reduce density/cover of shrubs; (2) reinstatement of natural fire regimes to generate environmental conditions favoring herbaceous species. We studied short‐term responses of native shrubs, vines, and grasses in a Louisiana pine savanna to herbicides followed by a prescribed fire and fire alone. Plots established in the summer, 2013, were hand‐sprayed in the fall with Imazapyr and Triclopyr, Triclopyr alone, or no herbicide, then prescribed burned the following spring. Numbers of species of shrubs and vines at scales of 1 and 100 m2, numbers of stems and regrowth of stems produced by six common species of shrubs, and the number of flowering culms of perennial C4 grasses were assessed postfire in 2014. Compared with fire alone, herbicides followed by fire resulted in (1) small reductions in species richness of shrubs and no effects on vines, (2) fewer stems comprising shrub genets, but similar postfire regrowth of resprouting shrub stems, and (3) fewer flowering culms of C4 grasses. Underground storage organs of savanna shrubs and vines survived both aboveground disturbances. Thus, single applications of herbicides followed by fires reduced, but did not reverse shrub encroachment and negatively affected grasses. Because effects of herbicides overrode those of prescribed fires, these disturbances did not act synergistically, suggesting that reinstating natural fire regimes should be a priority in restoration of savannas and grasslands.
GENETIC DIVERSITY OF XANTHOMONAS ORYZAE pv. ORYZAE STRAINS FROM RICE FIELDS IN MALAYSIA

Bacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (Xoo) is one of the most important bacterial diseases of rice, first detected in Japan in 1884. Repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) assays were used to differentiate the phylogenetic relationships among 30 Xoo strains collected from rice fields in the states of Penang, Kedah, Selangor and Melaka (Peninsular Malaysia), during the period 2008-2010. Analysis of the 30 strains with REP and ERIC primers yielded five major amplification bands ranging from 200 to 800 bp in size. Fingerprints determined for each strain contained in total a maximum of 16 reproducible bands and a minimum of 9, ranging from 100 to 2,800 bp. The maximum number of score bands was observed in strains from Melaka and the minimum in strains from Penang and Kedah. Cluster analysis of the results of Rep PCRs yielded two major clusters and five sub clusters. Similarity between the two main clusters was 60% and 75% between five subclusters. This indicates that although there is a phylogenetic relation among strains of Xoo from rice crops of Peninsular Malaysia, nevertheless strains from different geographic regions are phylogenetically diverse.
Influence of distributed generation on sectionalizing switches placement in MV distribution networks

This paper presents the influence of distributed generation DG and reclosers placement on the reliability of distribution network. The brute force method and evolutionary algorithm were used to solve the optimization task. The placement of the switches was determined independently using two criteria. The first criterion is the reserve factor, while the second criterion is the SAIDI index. The proposed methods were tested on a real medium voltage distribution system in two variants of operation: with and without DG. Streszczenie. W artykule przedstawiono wpływ generacji rozproszonej i lokalizacji reklozerów na niezawodność sieci dystrybucyjnej. Zastosowano algorytm przeglądu zupełnego oraz algorytm ewolucyjny. Lokalizację reklozerów ustalono stosując dwa kryteria: współczynnik rezerwowania oraz wskaźnik SAIDI. Obliczenia zrealizowano dla rzeczywistej sieci średniego napięcia. (Wpływ generacji rozproszonej na rozmieszczenie łączników sekcjonujących w sieci średniego napięcia).
Application of K-Means Clustering Algorithm for Determination of Fire-Prone Areas Utilizing Hotspots in West Kalimantan Province

Forest and land fires are disasters that often occur in Indonesia. In 2007, 2012 and 2015 forest fires that occurred in Sumatra and Kalimantan attracted global attention because they brought smog pollution to neighboring countries. One of the regions that has the highest fire hotspots is West Kalimantan Province. Forest and land fires have an impact on health, especially on the communities around the scene, as well as on the economic and social aspects. This must be overcome, one of them is by knowing the location of the area of ? fire and can analyze the causes of forest and land fires. With the impact caused by forest and land fires, the purpose of this study is to apply the clustering method using the k-means algorithm to be able to determine the hotspot prone areas in West Kalimantan Province. And evaluate the results of the cluster that has been obtained from the clustering method using the k-means algorithm. Data mining is a suitable method to be able to find out information on hotspot areas. The data mining method used is clustering because this method can process hotspot data into information that can inform areas prone to hotspots. This clustering uses k-means algorithm which is grouping data based on similar characteristics. The hotspots data obtained are grouped into 3 clusters with the results obtained for cluster 0 as many as 284 hotspots including hazardous areas, 215 hotspots including non-prone areas and 129 points that belong to very vulnerable areas. Then the clustering results were evaluated using the Davies-Bouldin Index (DBI) method with a value of 3.112 which indicates that the clustering results of 3 clusters were not optimal.
Assessment of outcome of ligamentotaxis of fracture distal end radius by distractor apparatus

Materials & Methods: A total of 20 patients who reported with the fracture of distal end radius were enrolled. Complete demographic details of all the patients were obtained. Clinical and radiographic examination of all the patients was carried out. All the surgical procedures were carried out under the hands of skilled and experienced orthopaedic surgeons. Patient was discharged from hospital depending upon the local condition and was called for follow up in out-patient department every three weeks till the fracture unites. Gartland and Werley criteria were used for assessing the outcome. All the results were recorded in Microsoft excel sheet and were analysed by SPSS software.