Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical Methods, Complexity, and Epistemic Hierarchies

Modern mathematical sciences are hard to imagine without appeal to efficient computational algorithms. We address several conceptual problems arising from this interaction by outlining rival but complementary perspectives on mathematical tractability. More specifically, we articulate three alternative characterizations of the complexity hierarchy of mathematical problems that are themselves based on different understandings of computational constraints. These distinctions resolve the tension between epistemic contexts in which exact solutions can be found and the ones in which they cannot; however, contrary to a persistent myth, we conclude that having an exact solution is not generally more epistemologically beneficial than lacking one.
On high-latitude interstellar polarization toward the local spiral

Aims. The interstellar polarization in the northern high-latitude sky is low and rather smooth in the local spiral (LS) longitude range 60◦ < l < 240◦, except for an extension of aligned higher polarization within 120◦ < l < 180◦ up to b ≈ 50◦. We compare this view with results from other indicators of interstellar matter. Methods. Some indicators of dust are sensitive to diffuse matter on large scales, others provide information on clumpy structures. We describe results that are mainly from surveys of dark and molecular clouds in the LS longitude range at high latitudes. Results. The structured feature in the polarization map for the LS region corresponds to known dark cloud complexes. These extensions to higher latitudes (and some other dust indicators) may signal the presence of more dust in some form (like compact cold clouds) than is suggested by regular low interstellar polarization.
Environmentally Based Assessment Practices: Viable Alternatives to Standardized Assessment for Assessing Emergent Literacy Skills in Young Children

Ecological validity is an important construct in the assessment of young children. The argument is made that using environmentally based assessment practices as well as understanding the child's ecology will help assure that assessments are carried out in an ecologically valid manner. The discussion focuses on play-based assessment, curriculum-based assessment, and dynamic assessment. Each of these approaches is based on authentic procedures and is typically carried out in the child's natural environment. In addition, there is a discussion of how specific environments can be delineated as well as stressing the importance of developing operational definitions of specific skills in the natural environment.
Performance Indicators for Business Rule Management

From the article: With increasing investments in business rules management (BRM), organizations are searching for ways to value and benchmark their processes to elicitate, design, accept, deploy and execute business rules. To realize valuation and benchmarking of previously mentioned processes, organizations must be aware that performance measurement is essential, and of equal importance, which performance indicators to apply to the performance measurement processes. However, scientific research on BRM, in general, is limited and research that focuses on BRM in combination with performance indicators is nascent. The purpose of this paper is to define performance indicators for previously mentioned BRM processes. We conducted a three round focus group and three round Delphi Study which led to the identification of 14 performance indicators. Presented results provide a grounded basis from which further, empirical, research on performance indicators for BRM can be explored.
Prediction of the Software Security Defects Based on the Complex Network

The traditional software defects prediction methods just evaluate the software defects based the unweighted undirected network, which do not reflect the real complex software system. Therefore, this paper proposes a software security defects prediction method based on the complex network. This method improves the PageRank algorithm and develops a KeyNodeRank algorithm based on the complex network. In this method, the software system is divided into different classes and these classes constitute a weighted directed network. In addition, the KeyNodeRank algorithm evaluates and ranks the importance of class nodes in the global network. In order to examine the validity of the software defects prediction method, this paper carries out an experiment. It is found that this method not only is accurate to predict and locate software defects and but also is very significant for improving software quality and maintaining software.
Title Resonance as the Mechanism of Daytime Periodic Breathing in Patients with Heart Failure

Rationale: In patients with chronic heart failure, daytime oscillatory breathing at rest is associated with a high risk of mortality. Experimental evidence, including exaggerated ventilatory responses to CO2 and prolonged circulation time, implicates the ventilatory control system and suggests feedback instability (loop gain. 1) is responsible. However, daytime oscillatory patterns often appear remarkably irregular versus classic instability (Cheyne-Stokes respiration), suggesting our mechanistic understanding is limited. Objectives:We propose that daytime ventilatory oscillations generally result from a chemoreflex resonance, inwhich spontaneous biological variations in ventilatory drive repeatedly induce temporary and irregular ringing effects. Importantly, the ease with which spontaneous biological variations induce irregular oscillations (resonance “strength”) rises profoundly as loop gain rises toward 1. We tested this hypothesis through a comparison of mathematical predictions against actualmeasurements in patientswithheart failure and healthy control subjects. Methods: In 25 patients with chronic heart failure and 25 control subjects, we examined spontaneous oscillations in ventilation and separately quantified loop gain using dynamic inspired CO2 stimulation. Measurements and Main Results: Resonance was detected in 24 of 25 patients with heart failure and 18 of 25 control subjects. With increased loop gain—consequent to increased chemosensitivity and delay—the strength of spontaneous oscillations increased precipitously as predicted (r = 0.88), yielding larger (r = 0.78) and more regular (interpeak interval SD, r =20.68) oscillations (P, 0.001 for all, both groups combined). Conclusions: Our study elucidates the mechanism underlying daytime ventilatory oscillations in heart failure and provides ameans to measure and interpret these oscillations to reveal the underlying chemoreflex hypersensitivity and reduced stability that foretells mortality in this population.
Acute silver toxicity to Cnesterodon decemmaculatus (Pisces: Poeciliidae) in a river with extreme water-quality characteristics

A 96 h acute silver toxicity test was performed in order to determine silver toxicity (LC 50 ) to a local fish species ( Cnesterodon decemmaculatus ) in a river with extrem water-quality characteristics (Pilcomayo River, South America) and evaluate a cross-fish-species extrapolation of the Biotic Ligand Model. The dissolved silver concentrations tested were 0.095, 0.148, 0.175 and 0.285 mg Ag L − 1 . The 96 h Ag LC 50 calculated for C. decemmaculatus was 0.14 mg L − 1 (0.18 - 0.10) and the value predicted by BLM for Pimephales promelas was 0.051 mg Ag L − 1 . Test water elevated hardness may have exerted some protective effect. High mean water pH may have exerted a major protective effect by reducing silver free ion form and causing silver precipitation. The mortality pattern observed in this toxicity test may lend some support to a relationship between gill silver accumulation and mortality. A cross-fish-species extrapolation of Ag BLM for P. promelas was not valid in Pilcomayo River water and experimental conditions of this toxicity test.
Nasal and rectal carriage of coagulase positive Staphylococcus in healthy goats

Coagulase positive Staphylococcus species are important opportunistic pathogens in most animals which could be considered as a potential source of infection and dissemination to the environment. Prevalence studies and accurate identification of Coagulase Positive Staphylococcus species are essential in veterinary microbiology. A total of 153 healthy goats from North and North West of Tunisia were screened for coagulase positive Staphylococcus species nasal and rectal carriage. Bacteriological tests were performed. Staphylococcus spp. was detected in 120 of 153 studied goats (77.4%) and an overall prevalence of 22.2% of coagulase positive Staphylococcus species isolates was observed. This study showed the identification of S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius in 25 and 7 strains, respectively.
Cluster Modelling for Cognitive Radio Ad-hoc Networks Using Graph Theory

With the swift expansion of wireless technologies, demand for radio spectrum is continuously mounting. Along with the spectrum scarcity problem, radio spectrums are also underutilized. Cognitive radio practices an open spectrum allocation technique, which can ensure efficient handling of the frequency bands. Suitable network model is a must for the implementation of cognitive radio networks. In this paper, an efficient cluster model for cognitive radio ad-hoc networks is presented using graph theory. The proposed clustering model is defined as a maximum edge biclique problem, where the spatial variations of spectrum availability are considered. This clustering scheme aims to maintain set of free common channels in every cluster, which allows smooth shifting among control channels. A parameter called Cluster Head Determination Factor (CHDF) is also introduced to select cluster-heads where clusters’ operations are coordinated by cluster-heads. Each cluster comprises of a secondary clusterhead to combat the re-clustering issue for mobile nodes. Finally, simulation and comparative studies are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Keywordscognitive radio networks; graph theory; ad-hoc networks; cluster-based network; re-clustering
A Microanatomical and Histological Study of the Postcranial Dermal Skeleton of the Devonian actinopterygian Cheirolepis canadensis

The Devonian stem-actinoterygian Cheirolepis canadensis is potentially important to understand the evolution of the dermal skeleton of osteichthyans, but the last detailed histological study on this taxon was published more than forty years ago. Here, we present new data about the morphology and the histological structure of scales, fulcra, and fin-rays in the Devonian actinopterygian Cheirolepis canadensis through SEM and photomicroscopy. The scales have a typical palaeoniscoid organisation, with ganoine layers overlaying dentine and a bony basal plate, but the ganoine surface lacks the characteristic microtubercles that have been described on the ganoine surface of the scales of polypterids and many other actinopterygians. Fin-rays are composed of segmented and ramified lepidotrichia that show a structure reminiscent of scales, with ganoine and dentine components lying on a thick bony base. We describe articular processes between lepidotrichia that are reminiscent of, and plausibly homologous with, the peg-and-socket articulations between the scales. The analysis of the postcranial dermal skeleton of Cheirolepis canadensis shows that structural similarities between scales and lepidotrichia of this basal actinopterygian are greater than in more recent actinopterygians. The new data on histological and microanatomical structure of the dermal skeleton lend additional support to the hypothesis that lepidotichia are derivatives of scales, though they are also compatible with the more general hypothesis that scales, lepidotrichia and fulcra belong to the same morphogenetic system.
Comparison of Quality of Life and Social Skills between Students with Visual Problems (Blind and Partially Blind) and Normal Students

This study aimed to compare the quality of life and social skills between students who are visually impaired (blind and partially blind) and normal students. The population consisted of all students with visual problems (blind and partially blind) and normal students in secondary schools in Tehran in the academic year 2013-2014. Using a multi-stage random sampling method, 40 students were selected from each group. The SF-36s quality of life questionnaire and Foster and Inderbitzen social skills questionnaire were used as research tools. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results showed that normal people had a better quality of life than those who are blind. There were no significant difference between the partially blind people’s quality of life and blind and normal people’s quality of life. The normal people had better social behavior than partially blind and blind people. In terms of other factors, there was no significant difference between the positive social behavior of partially blind and blind people. However, normal people had weaker negative social behavior than partially blind and blind people. The negative social behavior of partially blind people was weaker than blind people.
TAX ADMINISTRATION AND SHADOW ECONOMY IN EU NEW MEMBERS

This paper is part of a wider research program on taxation in EU New members, directed by L Bernardi, M. Chandler and L. Gandullia under the supervision of V. Tanzi. As an urgent task, transition countries required a new tax system, which allows governments to collect sufficient amount of revenues to accomplish needed public expenditures. During the first periods of reforms institutional weaknesses of tax collection and large extent of shadow economy activities became serious obstacles for budget revenue. The paper gives an analysis of tax gap reasons, administration developments and shadow economy in transition countries. The paper begins with the introduction on tax administration problems; the second section introduces the concept of tax gap and depicts interrelations between tax administration, shadow economy and tax evasion. Tax avoidance is strongly correlated with high tax burden, which in turn drives budgets to deficit. Attempts to balance budgets through increased tax rates forces businesses to avoid taxes and leave official economy sector. Third section considers tax administration developments in the period of transition and institutional weaknesses on tax collection and gives need and foundations for institutional changes in tax administration. Fourth section outlines explosion of shadow economy activities during early periods of reforms, which characterizes all transition countries. Here are analyzed its particular reasons and circumstances in the transition countries.
Servitization: revisiting the state-of-the-art and research priorities

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to consolidate the servitization knowledge base from an organizational change perspective, identifying developed, developing and undeveloped topics to provide a platform that directs future research. Design/methodology/approach: This paper addresses three objectives: it comprehensively examines organizational change management literature for selection of a theoretical framework; it classifies extant studies within the framework through a systemic literature review; and it analyses 232 selected papers and proposes a research agenda. Findings: Analysis suggests increasing global awareness of the importance of services to manufacturers. However, some topics, especially related to servitization transformation, remain undeveloped. Research limitations/implications: Although the authors tried to include all publications relevant to servitization, some might not have been captured. Evaluation and interpretation relied on the research team and subsequent research workshops. Practical implications: One of the most significant challenges for practitioners of servitization is how to transform a manufacturing organization to exploit the opportunity. This paper consolidates literature regarding servitization, identifying progress concerning key research topics and contributing a platform for future research. The goal is to inform research to result eventually in a roadmap for practitioners seeking to servitize. Originality/value: Although extant reviews of servitization identify themes that are examined well, they struggle to identify unanswered questions. This paper addresses this gap by focusing on servitization as a process of organizational change.
Early Pathways Therapy for Young Children in Poverty

Early Pathways is a home-based, parent and child therapy program for the treatment of disruptive behaviors among young children living in poverty. In this study, 199 clinically referred children were randomly assigned to an immediate treatment (IT) or wait-list control (WL) conditions. Results indicated that parents in the IT condition reported significant improvements in their child’s disruptive and prosocial behaviors and increased nurturing and decreased use of corporal and verbal punishment by their parents compared to the WL families. Gains were maintained for children in both the IT and WL conditions at 3-month follow-up.
Omega‐3 fatty acids in wild plants, nuts and seeds

inflammatory, antithrombotic, anti-arrhythmic, hypolipidemic, and vasodilatory properties. These beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids have been shown in the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease and hypertension, as for example, in the Lyon Heart Study, the GISSI Prevenzione Trial, and in the The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Study. Most of the studies have been carried out with fish oils (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)). However, α-linolenic acid (ALA), found in green leafy vegetables, flaxseed, rapeseed, and walnuts, desaturates and elongates in the body to EPA and DHA and by itself may have beneficial effects in health and in the control of chronic diseases. The present paper identifies multiple sources of ALA from plants, legumes, nuts and seeds and emphasizes the importance of the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids for proper desaturation and elongation of ALA into EPA and DHA. α-linolenic acid is not equivalent in its biological effects to the long-chain omega-3 fatty acids found in marine oils. Eicosapentaenoic acid and DHA are more rapidly incorporated into plasma and membrane lipids and produce more rapid effects than does ALA. Relatively large reserves of linoleic acid in body fat, as are found in vegans or in the diet of omnivores in Western societies, would tend to slow down the formation of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids from ALA. Therefore, the role of ALA in human nutrition becomes important in terms of long-term dietary intake. One advantage of the consumption of ALA over omega-3 fatty acids from fish is that the problem of insufficient vitamin E intake does not exist with high intake of ALA from plant sources.
Discussion Papers In Economics And Business The Effect of Partial Information Sharing in a Two-Level Supply Chain

In many supply chains, the variance of orders may be considerably larger than that of sales, and this distortion tends to increase as one moves up a supply chain, this is known as “Bullwhip Effect”. The Bullwhip phenomenon has recognized in many diverse markets. Procter & Gamble found that the diaper orders issued by the distributors have a degree of variability that cannot be explained by consumer demand fluctuations (Lee, Padamanabhan and Wang 1997a). Lee, Padamanabhan and Wang (1997a, b) developed a framework for explaining this phenomenon. Lee, So, and Tang (2000) showed that, within the context of a two-level supply chain consisting of single manufacturer and single retailer with AR(1) end demand, the manufacturer would benefit when the retailer shared its demand information. This paper considers the effect of partial information sharing, within the framework of Lee, So and Tang, in one manufacturer and n retailers model, focusing on the variance of the manufacturer’s “demand” (the retailers’ order quantity). JEL Classification Numbers: C61, M11.
Profitability of Expectation Based on Trading Rules: A Study on Kuwait Stock Market

This paper provides empirical evidence on the profitability of the alternative expectation formation mechanisms in the case of Kuwait Stock Exchange as an example of an emerging market. The results indicate that both extrapolative and adaptive expectations are profitable while regressive expectations are not. In addition, the results imply that extrapolative expectations are more profitable than adaptive. An important conclusion of this paper is that the market suffers form inefficiency since future trend of the market can be predicted from its past performance, a phenomenon shared by emerging markets.
Influence of Dissemination Channels on Utilization of Research Findings in the Management of Environment and Fisheries by the Fisher Folks in Kisumu Municipality Kenya

The purpose of this study was to investigate influence of dissemination channels on utilization of research findings in the management of Environment and Fishing Efforts in Kisumu Municipality kenya. The objective of this study was: determine influence of dissemination channels on utilization of research findings. Cross sectional descriptive survey design was used in this study. Households were the unit of analysis. From a study population of 15,179 households, a minium sample of 384 household heads were used, proportionate sampling and systematic sampling were used to select households according to location of study area. Purposive sampling were also used to get key informants. Primary data on dissemination channels affecting utilization of research findings were collected through questionnaires, key informant interviews, Focus Group Discussions, field observation, and photography. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to establish relationships. Qualitative data were analyzed by creating patterns and themes. Finally logistic regression analysis were used to establish influence of channels of dissemination on utilization of research findings to answer the research questions. The regression output shows that the relationship between channels of accessing research findings and its utilization was positive r = 0.194 variation R 2 =0.38 , β 0.194, p < 0.05 channels of dissemination influence utilization of research findings among fisherfolks. The study concluded that there was a strong relationship between the channel of dissemination of research findings and its utilization by fisher folks. The study recommended that the scientific community/researchers should be encourage to be more open with their findings, to publish/disseminate their findings using channels of disseminations which are accessible to more and more people who can access and learn from them so that they can reduce pollution going on in the lake.
BIOREMEDIATION OF CLAY SOILS IMPACTED BY PETROLEUM

The application of bioremediation processes in recuperating contaminated sites is gaining ground, due to its efficiency in removing a number of different classes of contaminants and its cost, which tends to be lower than that of other technologies. In this work, the influence of some factors that are important for the biodegradation of the petroleum present in clay soil was studied. Experiments were conducted using two types of reactor, a slurry-phase reactor and a fixed bed reactor. The processes employed were shown to be highly effective in decontaminating the soil, achieving removal rates of around 80%.