Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Liberal Strategies for Combating Joblessness in the Twentieth Century

Most discussions of policy options for combating joblessness focus on the conflict between conservative and liberal proposals. ' This is both understandable and appropriate, since it is out of the conflict between Right and Left that the nation's actual responses to the problem are forged. There are differences of approach within opposing camps, however, as well as across party lines, and the development of alternative policy preferences among liberals or among conservatives may be just as important in shaping public policy over the long run as the more dramatic evolution of debates between liberals and conservatives. Conservative policy preferences for combating joblessness have been surprisingly consistent throughout the twentieth century. Indeed, a unified conservative approach to the problem can be traced back to the fourteenth century in AngloAmerican employment and social welfare law [Harvey forthcoming]. In contrast, liberal policy preferences have been marked by their diversity. In this article, I will identify three different approaches to combating joblessness that have dominated liberal reform agendas in the United States at different times since the Great Depression. Although not inconsistent with one another, these strategies generally have not been pursued simultaneously. I will argue that this has been a mistake, that the three strategies are complementary, and that a reform program that combines all three would overcome limitations that each of the strategies exhibit when pursued separately. The first strategy is the one that dominated New Deal responses to the problem of joblessness during the 1930s. I will call this the "New Deal" strategy. It was
Wellness in older adults: a concept analysis.

PURPOSE The purpose of this analysis is to examine the concept of wellness within the context of older adulthood. Identifying characteristics of wellness will clarify and develop conceptual strengths and limitations, providing a step toward evaluating its relevance in older adults and increasing utility in geriatric nursing. ORGANIZING FRAMEWORK Rodger's evolutionary perspective. METHODS Computer and manual searches were conducted of articles in the English language from 1950 to 2010, addressing wellness across the life span or among older adult populations. An inductive analysis of articles produced descriptive themes. FINDINGS A historical time line traced the evolution of the wellness concept and its operationalization. Wellness has evolved from a little used concept to one commonly applied across many industries. Antecedents, attributes, and consequences of wellness are described. Concepts related to wellness are also identified. CONCLUSIONS This concept analysis adds clarity to wellness in older adults. The state of wellness development as a concept in geriatric nursing is moving from conceptualization to use and testing in nursing theory and interventions. Increased knowledge of wellness will enable geriatric nurses to discover the strengths of older adults thereby promoting their ongoing growth and development while simultaneously guiding care for their changing and diverse health.
Team-based model for non-operating room airway management: validation using a simulation-based study.

BACKGROUND Non-operating room (non-OR) airway management has previously been identified as an area of concern because it carries a significant risk for complications. One reason for this could be attributed to the independent practice of residents in these situations. The aim of the present study was to ascertain whether differences in performance exist between residents working alone vs with a resident partner when encountering simulated non-OR airway management scenarios. METHODS Thirty-six anaesthesia residents were randomized into two groups. Each group experienced three separate scenarios (two scenarios initially and then a third 6 weeks later). The scenarios consisted of one control scenario and two critical event scenarios [i.e. asystole during laryngoscopy and pulseless electrical activity (PEA) upon post-intubation institution of positive pressure ventilation]. One group experienced the simulated non-OR scenarios alone (Solo group). The other group consisted of resident pairs, participating in the same three scenarios (Team group). RESULTS Although the time to intubation did not differ between the Solo and Team groups, there were several differences in performance. The Team group received better overall performance ratings for the asystole (8.5 vs 5.5 out of 10; P<0.001) and PEA (8.5 vs 5.8 out of 10; P<0.001) scenarios. The Team group was also able to recognize asystole and PEA conditions faster than the Solo group [10.1 vs 23.5 s (P<0.001) and 13.3 vs 36.0 s (P<0.001), respectively]. CONCLUSIONS Residents who performed a simulated intubation with a second trained provider had better overall performance than those who practised independently. The residents who practised in a group were also faster to diagnose serious complications, including peri-intubation asystole and PEA. Given these data, it is reasonable that training programmes consider performing all non-OR airway management with a team-based method.
Effects of the C677T and A1298C polymorphisms of the MTHFR gene on the genetic predisposition for diabetic nephropathy.

BACKGROUND Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a regulatory enzyme of homocysteine metabolism. The C677T polymorphism of the MTHFR gene has been reported to be associated with elevated plasma homocysteine in patients with low folic acid intake. A recently reported second common polymorphism, A1298C, may increase homocysteine, but only in individuals carrying the T677 allele. This study aimed to investigate the influence of the C677T and A1298C polymorphisms of the MTHFR gene on the development of diabetic nephropathy in Caucasian patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS We genotyped 429 type 2 diabetic patients for the C677T and A1298C polymorphisms using standard PCR-based protocols, and divided them into three groups based on renal status: 159 patients with normoalbuminuria, 149 with microalbuminuria, and 121 with persistent proteinuria and chronic renal failure (CRF). The C677T and A1298C genotype frequencies were compared among the three groups. RESULTS Although the frequencies of the CT and TT genotypes of the C677T polymorphism tended to increase with each stage of diabetic nephropathy (53, 56 and 63% in normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria and proteinuria/CRF, respectively), these differences were not significant. When male and female patients were analysed separately, the effect was seen only in males. The CT + TT genotype was present in 46% of male patients with normoalbuminuria, in 57% with microalbuminuria and in 68% with proteinuria/CRF (OR = 2.46; 95% CI 1.13-5.38). There were no differ-ences in the A1298C polymorphism among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the C677T polymorphism is a risk factor for diabetic nephrop-athy in male patients with type 2 diabetes.
Degrees make all the difference: The multifunctionality of histone H4 lysine 20 methylation

Residue and degree-specific methylation of histone lysines along with other epigenetic modifications organizes chromatin into distinct domains and regulates almost every aspect of DNA metabolism. Identification of histone methyltransferases and demethylases, as well as proteins that recognize methylated lysines, has clarified the role of each methylation event in regulating different biological pathways. Methylation of histone H4 lysine 20 (H4K20me) plays critical roles in diverse cellular processes such as gene expression, cell cycle progression and DNA damage repair, with each of the three degrees of methylation (mono- di- and tri-methylation) making a unique contribution. Here we discuss recent studies of H4K20me that have greatly improved our understanding of the regulation and function of this fascinating histone modification.
Does Religion Matter?

Die Renaissance der Religion in der Politik Am Morgen des 3. November 2004 rieben sich viele Europäer verwundert die Augen. Amerika hatte gewählt und es hatte den Präsidenten gewählt, der deutlicher als viele seiner Vorgänger im Amt aus seiner starken religiösen Bindung und seinen religiösen Uberzeugungen keinen Hehl gemacht hatte. Seinen Sieg hatte er zu einem wesentlichen Teil dem Mobilisierungserfolg einer religiösen Bewegung, der christlichen Rechten, zu verdanken. Sein Erfolg war auch einem Programm geschuldet, in dem moralische und Wertfragen sowie deren religiös motivierte Lösungen einen prominenten Platz einnahmen. „It's the economy, stupid! ", dieerfolgreiche Devise der Wahlkampfstrategen Bill Clintons, hatte zumindest in dieser Wahl ihre Geltung verloren:„It's religion and its values, stupid! ".
GROWTH HORMONE RESPONSE TO LOW DOSE INTRAVENOUS INJECTIONS OF GROWTH HORMONE RELEASING FACTOR IN OBESE AND NORMAL WEIGHT WOMEN

We have recently reported an impaired growth hormone (GH) response to a single i.v. bolus dose of growth hormone releasing factor (1 μg/kg body weight) in obese women. We have now investigated whether the i.v. administration of low dose GHRF(1–29)NH2 (0·33 μg/kg/h) by 15 min pulsed injections for 3 h followed by an i.v. bolus (1 μg/kg) to four normal weight women and six obese women results in an enhancement of GH release. In the control women low dose GHRF, given either as a single 10 μg injection or in pulses of equivalent total dosage, produced a GH response identical to that seen after a single bolus of 60 μg (mean peak GH low dose 30 ± 2 mU/1, peak GH large dose 30 ± 0·5 mU/1). In the obese women GH release was significantly less than the controls after low doses of GHRF (P < 0·01) and the peak was delayed compared to that following a single large bolus dose (peak GH 7±1·2 mU/1). However, three of the obese women who previously showed no response to a large dose of GHRF did release GH after low dose pulsed injections. The final bolus of GHRF after 3 h of pulsed injections did not elicit any additional GH release in the subjects irrespective of body weight. We conclude that obesity may be characterized by impaired GH release to i.v. GHRF. The finding that some obese women do not respond to a single large dose injection of GHRF but do release GH after low dose pulsed injections supports the hypothesis of a hypothalamic disorder in these women. Further studies are needed to determine the clinical efficacy of low dose GHRF.
Visual reporting in time-critical work: exploring video use in emergency response

This paper reports on an explorative project aimed to study the use of live video technology in emergency response work. The initial stage of the project aimed at enabling an emergency response organization with live video capabilities. The study covered the steps of design, development and deployment of an application for live video broadcasting. Over a 10 months period, professional responders has used the application in over 200 incidents. The study shows how short video sequences are produced as an embedded activity in order to capture small fragments of work rather than creating a complete coverage of an incident. Further, this study also shows how broadcasted video is incorporated into the work at the command center as visual reports, which open up for collective negotiations of the broader meaning of a situation.
Impact of fatigue on gender-based high-risk landing strategies.

PURPOSE Noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries carry significant short- and long-term morbidity, particularly in females. To combat this epidemic, neuromuscular training has evolved aimed at modifying high-risk lower-limb biomechanics. However, injury rates and the gender disparity in these rates remain, suggesting that key components of the injury mechanism continue to be ignored. This study examined the potential contributions of neuromuscular fatigue to noncontact ACL injuries. METHODS Ten male and 10 female NCAA athletes had 3D lower-limb-joint kinematics and kinetics recorded during 10 drop jumps, both before and after fatigue. Mean subject-based initial-contact (N = 9) and peak stance-phase kinematic (N = 9) and normalized (mass x height) kinetic (N = 9) parameters were quantified before and after fatigue and submitted to a three-way ANOVA to determine for the main effects of leg, gender, and fatigue. A Bonferroni corrected alpha level of 0.002 was adopted for all statistical comparisons. RESULTS Females landed with more initial ankle plantar flexion and peak-stance ankle supination, knee abduction, and knee internal rotation compared with men. They also had larger knee adduction, abduction, and internal rotation, and smaller ankle dorsiflexion moments. Fatigue increased initial and peak knee abduction and internal rotation motions and peak knee internal rotation, adduction, and abduction moments, with the latter being more pronounced in females. CONCLUSIONS Fatigue-induced modifications in lower-limb control may increase the risk of noncontact ACL injury during landings. Gender dimorphic abduction loading in the presence of fatigue also may explain the increased injury risk in women. Understanding fatigue effects at both the central and peripheral levels will further afford elucidation of the ACL injury mechanism and, hence, more successful prevention strategies.
English in cyberspace

This chapter explores the educational gap between contemporary cyberspace communications that bring youth of diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds together in an era of local-global synergies, and resources and approaches used in English language and literacy teaching and testing, and questions the political agenda to gate-keep restrictive literacy attainment which creates unhelpful divisions between L1 and L2 users. The authors raise relevant communicative issues for second language users in this discussion of contemporary digital genres and platforms that are growing in global popularity, such as contending with the shifting orthographic conventions used in digital conversations which at the same time facilitate conversational practice free from the stigma of an identifying “foreign” accent.
Mechanical Modeling of Low Temperature Superconducting Cables at the Strand Level

Low-temperature superconductors such as NbTi are widely used in high field magnets. The run for higher fields leads to greater forces on the conductor, which is pushed closer to its mechanical limit. Managing the higher stresses on the conductor supposes accurate mechanical models: it becomes necessary to simulate local peak stresses and strains, especially with conductors, which are mechanically brittle and strain-sensitive. Superconducting cables are anisotropic composite structures that can comprise superconducting strands, insulation materials and stabilizing parts. This paper presents a convenient method for the geometrical modeling of composite superconducting Rutherford cables at the level of the strand. It is applied on the example of a cable-in-channel NbTi conductor. Our goal is to obtain a mesh of a cable sample that is suitable for Finite Elements (FE) Analysis, at the scale of the strand (around one millimeter), with a true-to-life contact configuration. Different methods and tools are discussed. Computed geometries are compared to tomographic data. Preliminary mechanical simulations with simplified parameters are done to verify the model convergence. The ultimate goal of these explorations is to correlate the model results at the scale of the strand with experimental results at the scale of the cable, in order to identify the critical parameters that describe the best the conductor performance under mechanical solicitation.
Gene Transposition as a Cause of Hybrid Sterility in Drosophila

We describe reproductive isolation caused by a gene transposition. In certain Drosophila melanogaster–D. simulans hybrids, hybrid male sterility is caused by the lack of a single-copy gene essential for male fertility, JYAlpha. This gene is located on the fourth chromosome of D. melanogaster but on the third chromosome of D. simulans. Genomic and molecular analyses show that JYAlpha transposed to the third chromosome during the evolutionary history of the D. simulans lineage. Because of this transposition, a fraction of hybrids completely lack JYAlpha and are sterile, representing reproductive isolation without sequence evolution.
Design, Synthesis and Anticancer Evaluation of Fangchinoline Derivatives

Twenty fangchinoline derivatives were synthesized from the natural product fangchinoline, and their anticancer activities on human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell line, human prostate cancer PC3 cell line, human melanoma WM9 cell line and human leukaemia HEL and K562 cell lines were evaluated. The biological result showed that those derivatives exhibited potent activities on inhibiting cancer cell growth, and the structure-activity relationships were investigated. Among them, compound 4g, which was protected by benzoyl group in 7-phenolic position and nitrified in 14-position, showed impressive inhibition on all 5 cancer cell lines, especially WM9 cell line, with an IC50 value of 1.07 µM. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that compound 4g may induce cancer cell death by apoptotic means. These research results suggested that compound 4g could be a lead for the further development toward an anticancer agent against human melanoma WM9 in the future.
RA-RhoGAP, Rap-activated Rho GTPase-activating Protein Implicated in Neurite Outgrowth through Rho*♦

Rap1 and Rho small G proteins have been implicated in the neurite outgrowth, but the functional relationship between Rap1 and Rho in the neurite outgrowth remains to be established. Here we identified a potent Rho GTPase-activating protein (GAP), RA-RhoGAP, as a direct downstream target of Rap1 in the neurite outgrowth. RA-RhoGAP has the RA and GAP domains and showed GAP activity specific for Rho, which was enhanced by the binding of the GTP-bound active form of Rap1 to the RA domain. Overexpression of RA-RhoGAP induced inactivation of Rho for promoting the neurite outgrowth in a Rap1-dependent manner. Knockdown of RA-RhoGAP reduced the Rap1-induced neurite outgrowth. These results indicate that RA-RhoGAP transduces a signal from Rap1 to Rho and regulates the neurite outgrowth.
A state space based approach in non-linear hemodynamic response modeling with fMRI data

In this paper we use the modified and integrated version of the balloon model in the analysis of fMRI data. We propose a new state space model realization for this balloon model and represent it with the standard A,B,C and D matrices widely used in system theory. A second order Padé approximation with equal numerator and denominator degree is used for the time delay approximation in the modeling of the cerebral blood flow. The results obtained through numerical solutions showed that the new state space model realization is in close agreement to the actual modified and integrated version of the balloon model. This new system theoretic formulation is likely to open doors to a novel way of analyzing fMRI data with real time robust estimators. With further development and validation, the new model has the potential to devise a generalized measure to make a significant contribution to improve the diagnosis and treatment of clinical scenarios where the brain functioning get altered. Concepts from system theory can readily be used in the analysis of fMRI data and the subsequent synthesis of filters and estimators.
Early-Life Rainfall Shocks and Intergenerational Education Mobility in Malawi

The paper examines the relationship between intergenerational education mobility and children's rainfall shocks in the year of birth in Malawi. These rainfall shocks reflect exogenous reductions in household income. Survey data which is linked to rainfall data for the period 1958 to 1986 is used. The paper finds that birth-year rainfall shocks reinforce intergenerational educational mobility between mothers and their daughters only. The partial mother-daughter intergenerational coefficients of education are 0.344 and 0.392 for daughters affected and unaffected by a rainfall shock in their year of birth respectively. Rainfall shocks reinforce intergenerational educational immobility at the left tail of the education distribution while they reduce immobility at the right tail of the education distribution. The results are insensitive to a number of specification concerns including: usage of different rainfall shock thresholds based on the gamma distribution, alternative definitions of shocks which are not based on a distributional assumption and cover both droughts and floods, the timing of rainfall shocks, and mortality selection. A plausible interpretation of these findings is that given that poor families are less likely to have adequate shock mitigation strategies, early-life rainfall-related income shocks have a permanent and long-run effect of limiting equality of opportunity.
Continuous low dose inhaled nitric oxide for treatment of severe pulmonary hypertension after cardiac surgery in paediatric patients.

OBJECTIVE--To assess the effect of inhaled nitric oxide (NO) on severe postoperative pulmonary hypertension in children after surgical repair of a congenital heart defect. DESIGN--A pilot study of NO administration to 7 consecutive children who required adrenergic support and in whom postoperative mean pulmonary artery pressure was more than two thirds of mean systemic pressure and persisted despite alkalotic hyperventilation. SETTING--Routine care after cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease in a multidisciplinary paediatric intensive care unit. METHODS--Continuous inhalation of NO, initially at 15 ppm. Therefore, daily attempts at complete weaning or at reducing NO to the lowest effective dose. RESULTS--In 6 of the 7 children NO inhalation selectively decreased mean (SD) pulmonary artery pressure from 51 (12) to 31 (9) mm Hg (P < 0.05) while mean systemic arterial pressure was unchanged (68 (10) v 71 (7) mm Hg) (NS) and the arteriovenous difference in oxygen content decreased from 6.7 (0.9) to 4.8 (0.8) vol% (P < 0.05). Concomitantly PaO2 increased from 158 (98) to 231 (79) mm Hg) (P < 0.05). The seventh child showed no response to NO up to 80 ppm, could not be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass, and died in the operating room. In responders, attempts at early weaning from NO inhalation always failed and NO at concentrations of less than 10 ppm was continuously administered for a median of 9.5 days (range 4 to 16 days) until complete weaning was possible from a mean dose of 3.9 (2.9) ppm. Methaemoglobinaemia remained below 2% and nitrogen dioxide concentrations usually ranged from 0.1 to 0.2 ppm. One child later died and five were discharged. A few months after surgery Doppler echocardiography (and catheterisation in one) showed evidence of regression of pulmonary hypertension in all 5. CONCLUSIONS--Inhalation of NO reduced pulmonary artery pressure in children with severe pulmonary hypertension after cardiac surgery and this effect was maintained over several days at concentrations carrying little risk of toxicity.