Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transparently improving regression testing using symbolic execution

Software testing is an expensive and time-consuming process, often involving the manual creation of comprehensive regression test suites. Current testing methodologies, however, do not take full advantage of these tests. In this thesis, we present two techniques for amplifying the effect of existing test suites using a lightweight symbolic execution mechanism. We approach the problem from two complementary perspectives: first, we aim to execute the code that was never executed by the regression tests by combining the existing tests, symbolic execution and a set of heuristics based on program analysis. Second, we thoroughly check all sensitive operations (e.g., pointer dereferences) executed by the test suite for errors, and explore additional paths around sensitive operations. We have implemented these approaches into two tools—katch and zesti—which we have used to test a large body of open-source code. We have applied katch to all the patches written in a combined period of approximately six years for nineteen mature programs from the popular GNU diffutils, GNU binutils and GNU findutils application suites, which are shipped with virtually all UNIX-based distributions. Our results show that katch can automatically synthesise inputs that significantly increase the patch coverage achieved by the existing manual test suites, and find bugs at the moment they are introduced. We have applied zesti to three open-source code bases—GNU Coreutils, libdwarf and readelf—where it found 52 previously unknown bugs, many of which are out of reach of standard symbolic execution. Our technique works transparently to the tester, requiring no additional human effort or changes to source code or tests. Furthermore, we have conducted a systematic empirical study to examine how code and tests co-evolve in six popular open-source systems and assess the applicability of katch and zesti to other systems.
Fractal Iron Oxide Single-Crystal Dendritic Micro-Pines of Magnetic aFe 2 O 3 : Large-Scale Synthesis , Formation Mechanism , and Properties * *

Hierarchical self-assembly of nanoscale building blocks (nanoclusters, nanowires, nanobelts, and nanotubes) is a technique for building functional electronic and photonic nanodevices. Fractal structures are common in nature across all length scales, from self-assembled molecules, to the shapes of coastlines, to the distribution of galaxies, and even to the 3D shapes of clouds. On the nanoscale, dendritic fractals are one type of hyperbranched structure which are generally formed by hierarchical self-assembly under nonequilibrium conditions. 4] Investigation of hierarchically selfassembled fractal patterns in chemical systems has shown that the distinct size, shape, and chemical functionality of such structures make them promising candidates for the design and fabrication of new functional nanomaterials, but it is challenging to develop simple and novel synthetic approaches for building hierarchically self-assembled fractal architectures of various systems. Magnetic nanomaterials have been the subject of increasing interest due to their physical properties and technological applications. In the past few years, research has focused primarily on zeroand one-dimensional (1D) magnetic nanomaterials such as magnetic metals, alloys, and metal oxides and has led to substantial advances including the assembly of 2D or 3D superlattices from spherical nanoparticles or nanorods. However, to the best of our knowledge, the hierarchical self-assembly of magnetic nanomaterials has not been reported. Here we present the spontaneous, large-scale, hierarchical self-assembly of dendritic nanostructures of magnetic Fe2O3 (so-called micro-pine structure). The a-Fe2O3 micron-pine dendrites were synthesized by hydrothermal reaction of K3[Fe(CN)6] in aqueous solution at suitable temperatures. The method is based on the weak dissociation of [Fe(CN)6] 3 ions under hydrothermal conditions. The resulting structures display exquisite fractal features, which morphologically resemble a type of pine tree. The structure was formed as a result of fast growth along six crystallographically equivalent directions, and this process is different from the reported formation mechanism of general fractal structures. The magnetic properties of the nanostructure show a lower Morin transition temperature of 216 K. The reported structures could have important applications in biomedical science and magnetism. The micro-pines were synthesized on a large scale and in high purity. Figure 1 shows typical SEM images of a-Fe2O3
An analysis of performance factors on Esper‐based stream big data processing in a virtualized environment

To process big data in a cloud computing environment, a large scale of stream big data is one of the challenging issues. In particular, complex event processing is an emerging technology to handle massive events from multiple sources and process them in a near real time. In this paper, we analyze four performance‐influencing factors on a virtualized event processing system: the number of query statements, garbage collection intervals, the quantity of virtual machine resources, and virtual CPU assignment types. In our experiments, we observe the performance effects of these performance parameters, by implementing and running an Esper‐based event processing application on top of a Xen‐based virtualized system. With experimental results, we analyze the memory consumption problem, and apply periodic garbage collection, to reduce unexpected memory consumption of JVM. Also, we analyze performance effects of the number of cores in a virtual machine (VM) and resource sharing among VMs. Under the virtualized environment in cloud computing infrastructure, one of the critical issues is the management of virtualized computing resources. Accordingly, we present the event processing performance on VMs as a function of virtual CPU assignment types and the number of VMs that share virtual CPUs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generation of Single-Copy T-DNA Transformants in Arabidopsis by the CRE/loxP Recombination-Mediated Resolution System1

We investigated whether complex T-DNA loci, often resulting in low transgene expression, can be resolved efficiently into single copies by CRE/loxP-mediated recombination. An SB-loxP T-DNA, containing two invertedly oriented loxP sequences located inside and immediately adjacent to the T-DNA border ends, was constructed. Regardless of the orientation and number of SB-loxP-derived T-DNAs integrated at one locus, recombination between the outermost loxP sequences in direct orientation should resolve multiple copies into a single T-DNA copy. Seven transformants with a complex SB-loxP locus were crossed with a CRE-expressing plant. In three hybrids, the complex T-DNA locus was reduced efficiently to a single-copy locus. Upon segregation of the CRE recombinase gene, only the simplified T-DNA locus was found in the progeny, demonstrating DNA had been excised efficiently in the progenitor cells of the gametes. In the two transformants with an inverted T-DNA repeat, the T-DNA resolution was accompanied by at least a 10-fold enhanced transgene expression. Therefore, the resolution of complex loci to a single-copy T-DNA insert by the CRE/loxP recombination system can become a valuable method for the production of elite transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants that are less prone to gene silencing.
Ambient and pervasive technology: designing safeguards for vulnerable users

sive devices and systems is gathering momentum— recent examples include the Whereabouts Clock [8] and digital jewelry [10]. These types of technologies provide new contexts for communication between users. The eSense project [3] is developing a systems approach for large-scale deployment of ambient technologies, based on the concept of motes—tiny “disposable” wireless devices—for a range of application areas, including personal use (e.g., moodbased services), the wireless hospital concept, and the tracking of food processing. General concerns about the risks that large-scale deployment of these technologies will present to the users have also been raised [2]. The goal of these developments is to capture ambient intelligence, going beyond the functionality of current 3G mobile communications systems, through the use of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Large-scale deployment will mean that people will be surrounded by “sensorized environments” [3]. Novel applications and services to enrich daily life and increase productivity at work will emerge.
The Edinburgh Primary Care Depression Study: Personality Disorder and Outcome

Background Little is known about the impact of personality pathology on the treatment outcome of major depressive illness in primary care in the UK. Method Patients meeting criteria for DSM–III major depressive disorder were randomly allocated to one of four treatments each lasting 16 weeks, then followed up for 18 months. Assessments were made of depressive symptoms, personality and social functioning. Personality was assessed at maximum improvement or 16 weeks. Results The prevalence of personality disorder (PD) in the sample of 113 patients was 26%. Patients with a PD were significantly younger and rated more depressed at entry than patients with no personality disorder (NoPD). On completion of treatment patients with a PD were significantly more depressed and had poorer social functioning than the NoPD group. After 18 months there were no differences in ratings of depression or social functioning between the groups. Conclusions There was substantial improvement in both the PD and NoPD groups. The presence of personality pathology delays recovery from major depressive illness.
Ontogeny of dry gas hyperpnea-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs.

Adolescent guinea pigs (AGPs) demonstrate dry gas hyperpnea-induced bronchoconstriction (HIB) that shares key features with HIB in humans with asthma. The airways of immature animals exhibit enhanced reactivity to diverse types of stimulation. We tested whether dry gas HIB is also increased in newborn guinea pigs (NGPs). We quantified HIB as the fractional increase of respiratory system resistance (Rrs) over baseline (BL) in five 4- to 7-day-old NGPs after 10 min of hyperpnea, as well as changes in Rrs elicited by intravenous methacholine or capsaicin, and compared these responses with those of AGPs. During hyperpnea, analogous stimuli were delivered by mechanically imposing hyperpnea at 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 times quiet eucapnic minute ventilation (VE). In AGPs, hyperpnea caused significant bronchoconstriction that increased with VE; peak fractional increase of Rrs was 7.6 +/- 2.0 times BL. In contrast, hyperpnea caused insignificant bronchoconstriction in NGPs (1.4 +/- 0.2 times BL after the largest VE; P < 0.05 vs. AGP). Responses elicited by methacholine (10(-10)-10(-7) mol/kg) or capsaicin (0.01-10.0 microgram/kg) were similar in NGPs and AGPs. In AGPs, hyperpnea suppressed HIB until posthyperpnea. To determine whether the reduced HIB of NGPs was caused by enhanced suppression, NGPs and AGPs were administered acetylcholine (10(-10)-10(-7) mol/kg i.v. ) during BL eucapnic ventilation and during eucapnic hyperpnea with warm humidified gas. Responses to acetylcholine were suppressed in AGPs and NGPs to a similar degree. We conclude that HIB is markedly diminished shortly after birth in guinea pigs and that it increases substantially during maturation. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Reaction of Peroxynitrite with Hyaluronan and Related Saccharides

The effects of peroxynitrite on hyaluronan has been studied by using an integrated spectroscopical approach, namely electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and mass spectrometry (MS). The reaction has been performed with the polymer, the tetrasaccharide oligomer as well as with the monosaccharides N-acetylglucosamine and glucuronic acid. The outcome of the presence of molecular oxygen and carbon dioxide has been also evaluated. Although 1H-NMR and ESI-MS experiments did not revealed peroxynitrite-mediated modification of hyaluronan as well as of related saccharides, from spin-trapping EPR experiments it was concluded that peroxynitrite induce the formation of C-centered carbon radicals, most probably by the way of its hydroxyl radical-like reactivity. These EPR data support the oxidative pathway involved in the degradation of hyaluronan, a probable event in the development and progression of rheumatoid arthritis.
Patient Requests for Office-Based Imaging

The rising cost of health care affects our economy and can impact the health of our citizens. Costs can be divided into direct costs, which are incurred in the provision of services and procedures, and ancillary costs, such as labs and imaging. While ancillary services greatly assist providers in diagnosing and treating medical conditions, they can be overused or inappropriately used and can lead to adverse events. All providers should work to order the most appropriate imaging and tests and to protect patients at all times.
The Relationship Between Intra/Extra-familial Childhood Sexual Abuse and Survivors' Mental Health

The impact of intra-familial sexual abuse and extra-familial sexual abuse on children is the focus of this article. Intra-familial childhood sexual abuse is a common occurrence within the African population but its impact is not reported. A sample of sexually abused children referred for psychological intervention in a general hospital in South Africa was assessed for symptoms of depression, PTSD, and cognitive deficits. The results showed that while most of the children present with subclinical symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder they scored below average on most tests of cognitive functioning. Psychological theories are used to conceptualize the results.
Review: Defensins and cathelicidins in lung immunity

Defensins were first identified in 1985 and are now recognized as part of a large family of antimicrobial peptides, divided into three categories: α-, β-, and θ-defensins. These defensin classes differ in structure, sites of expression and biological activities. Human α-defensins include peptides that are expressed primarily in neutrophils, whereas human β-defensins are widely expressed in epithelial cells, including those lining the respiratory tract. Defensins were first studied for their broad spectrum activity against bacteria, fungi and viruses; however, it is now clear that they also recruit inflammatory cells and promote innate and adaptive immune responses. Recent evidence shows that defensins have anti-inflammatory effects as well. Hence, defensins can participate in all phases of an immune response in the lung, including initial killing of pathogens and mounting — and resolution —- of an immune or inflammatory response. The cathelicidin, LL-37, is an antimicrobial peptide produced by neutrophils and respiratory epithelial cells that has similar roles in lung immunity as the defensins. A major challenge for the coming years will be to sort out the relative contributions of defensins and LL-37 to overall immune responses in the lung and to determine which of their many in vitro activities are most important for lung immunity.
Lung function after extremely preterm birth—A population‐based cohort study (EXPRESS)

Follow‐up studies of children and young adults born very‐to‐moderately preterm show persistent and significant lung function deficits. The aim of the study was to determine lung function and airway mechanics in school‐aged children born in 2004 to 2007 and extremely preterm (after 22‐26 weeks of gestation).
Smoking and asthma control.

Limited control of asthma constitutes a serious health problem worldwide. Various factors, such as environmental changes and patient lifestyles, are likely responsible for the minimal success of attempts to control asthma. Consequently, asthma control is the central focus of the updated version of the Global Initiative for Asthma Guidelines, which encourage physicians to concentrate on evaluating the degree of asthma control, defined by the symptoms and pulmonary function, as well as by the presence or history of exacerbations. (1) Similarly, the smoking epidemic remains a public health concern worldwide, and exposure to tobacco smoke makes it even more difficult to control symptoms in patients with asthma. (2) In recent decades, we have observed major advances in the understanding of the physiopathology of asthma and great improvements in the medications used in its control. However, it is known that there is great individual variability in the treatment response, which involves genetic and environmental factors. In general, clinical trials of asthma treatments exclude smoking patients due to the risk of including patients with COPD. Therefore, little is known regarding the treatment response of this specific group of patients. (3) In Brazil, the difficulty in controlling asthma can be accentuated if we consider that most patients with asthma are not adequately monitored, evaluations often being performed by non-specialized physicians. This also takes place in developed countries. In a recent study evaluating more than 10,000 patients with asthma, it was reported that the disease was uncontrolled in 59% of the patients, well controlled in 19% and totally controlled in only 23% [sic]. In addition, the study indicated that poorly controlled asthma is more common among smoking patients than among nonsmoking patients. (4) There has been a significant decrease in the prevalence of smoking, especially in developed countries. This decrease is due to the implementation of appropriate policies for its control, which has not occurred in most developing Smoking and asthma control
Engaging Stakeholders in Scenario-Based Requirements Engineering with Gamification

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of gamification in requirements engineering in order to improve stakeholder engagement. We developed an online digital platform for scenariobased RE supported with gamification. Derived from an in-depth literature study, we selected user stories complemented with scenarios from behavior-driven development (BDD) as a method to express stakeholder requirements. Points, badges and leaderboards (PBL) are very common game elements in terms of gamification and are used as a starting point for the gamified platform. In total, the RE eliciation system consists of 17 different game mechanics and elements, which intension is to positively affect intrinsic and extrinsic stakeholder motivation. Subsequently, the gamified platform is tested in a controlled experiment. The findings demonstrate that it is possible to effectively change stakeholder’s behavior with gamification. Stakeholders who are influenced by gamification produce more requirements, with better quality and more creativity. The majority of their user stories consist of attractive requirements that enhance customer satisfaction. Derived from the results we agree that competitive game elements are advantageous for RE elicitation to mitigate collaboration and therefore, prevent production blocking. In sharp contrast, social game elements are favorable for RE analysis, specification and validation where cooperation is demanded.
Analysis of Inductance Characteristics in Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Considering Inductance Variation

D- and q-axis inductance are expected to have ripple characteristics due to the difference of magnetic saturation level of each axis. In this paper, inductance variation of the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) is calculated with finite element analysis, and cause of inductance variation is analyzed. Finally the validity of this paper is verified by the comparison to the experimental result
Comparison of the Effects of Cold on Cytochromes Р450 1А in the Rat Lungs Versus Liver

During hypothermia, most cellular processes are inhibited, including expression of numerous genes. A small number of special genes are activated, which code for proteins participating in cold acclimation of the cell. We previously uncovered a paradoxical phenomenon: cytochrome P450 subfamily enzymes (CYP1A) in rat liver are not inhibited but activated by systemic cooling. In the present study, we have investigated the influence of cold exposure on the activity and expression level of the CYP1A proteins in a different organ, rat lungs, and did not find any changes either in the activity or quantity of these enzymes. We hypothesize that this phenomenon is due to the absence of an endogenous intermediary of CYP1A induction in the rat lung, in contrast to the liver.
Solitary fibrous tumor of the liver.

WEB This is a Web exclusive article. olitary fibrous tumors are rare neoplasms found in the pleura, mediastinum [1], thymus, upper respiratory tract, and parotid gland [2]. Rarely, these lesions are found in the liver parenchyma. Surgical resection is recommended for symptom control and because of uncertainty regarding malignant potential. This article describes the behavior of a solitary fibrous tumor over a 2-year period and the clinicopathologic feature of the tumor with a review of the literature.
Identification of patient attitudes and preferences regarding treatment of depression

ObjectivesTo identify attitudes that influence patient help-seeking behavior and aspects of treatment that influence patient preferences for management of depression.DesignThree focus group discussions (two patient groups stratified by race and one professional group). Questions addressed experience with depression, help-seeking behaviors, treatment preferences, and perceived barriers to mental health care.SettingAcademic medical, center.Patients/participantsEight black patients and eight white patients with depression; seven health care professionals (four physicians and three social workers). Measurements and main resultsDiscussions were audiotaped, transcribed, and reviewed independently by two investigators to identify and group distinct comments into categories with specific themes. Differences were adjudicated by a third investigator. Comments within categories were then checked for relevance and consistency by a health services researcher and a psychiatrist. More than 90% of the 806 comments could be grouped into one of 16 categories. Black patients raised more concerns than white patients regarding spirituality and stigma. Patients made more comments than professionals regarding the impact of spirituality, social support systems, coping strategies, life experiences, patient-provider relationships, and attributes of specific treatments. They discussed the role these factors played in their helpseeking behavior and adherence to treatment.ConclusionsIn-depth focus group discussions with depressed patients can provide valuable and unique information about patient experiences and concerns regarding treatment for depression. Clinicians, researchers, and policymakers need to incorporate the range of factors identified by patients into their decision making for individuals with depression.