Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does money “buy” tolerance toward damage‐causing wildlife?

The Kavango‐Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area supports large‐scale migrations of wildlife that occur in a mixed agri‐conservation landscape in five Southern African countries. Human–Wildlife Conflict is a key challenge and understanding the drivers of communities' willingness to coexist with wildlife is thus critical. Community based natural resource management (CBNRM) is a widely used economic approach to foster human‐wildlife coexistence with the assumption that monetary benefits can “buy” tolerance by offsetting the disservices of living with wildlife. We tested this assumption and hypothesized that Namibians would be more tolerant towards wildlife than Zambians because they received higher monetary benefits from wildlife. We used the Wildlife Tolerance Model (WTM) as the framework to define tolerance and identify tolerance drivers. We found Namibians tolerance was higher for lion, elephant and hyena but not for kudu and baboon. After controlling for confounding variables of the WTM that could potentially explain differences in tolerance, contrary to expectation, the monetary benefits did not account for higher Namibian tolerance. Instead, only nonmonetary benefits explained the higher tolerance. We used crowding theory to explain this finding, proposing that CBNRM in Namibia and the monetary benefits from the program “crowd in” intrinsic motivation to appreciate and tolerate wildlife.
A catalogue of the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic Phoxocephalidae (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Gammaridea) with taxonomic, distribution and ecological data

An up-to-date catalogue of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic Phoxocephalidae is presented, including 35 species. Extensive list of bibliographical references with synonymy, detailed information on geographic and bathymetric distribution, ecological data, museum locations of type-material, remarks on taxonomic and biogeographical status, are provided for each species. The catalogue is based on taxonomic and ecological literature until 31 December 2006. Additional unpublished records of species from the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic collections held at the Alfred Wegener Institut fur Polarund Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, and at the Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Buenos Aires, have been included. The taxonomic status of all the Southern Ocean species has been checked. Species allocated to the genera Paraphoxus and Parharpinia, and Fuegiphoxus uncinatus require further study to clarify or confirm the genus allocation. Most of the Southern Ocean phoxocephalids have a wide bathymetric distribution, equally present in the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic regions. The highest species richness is found above 200 meters depth in the sub-Antarctic region. Of 35 phoxocephalid species reported, 25 are endemic to the Southern Ocean s.l. , 15 are endemic to the Antarctic region and 6 are endemic to the sub-Antarctic region, the latter distributed only in the Magellan province. Endemicity at genus level attains 22% for the whole Southern Ocean, with 3 genera restricted to the Magellan province and one genus to the West Antarctic, Magellan and sub-Antarctic islands provinces. Habitat and substrate preferences, dietary and burrowing behaviours are scarcely known for most of the phoxocephalid species from the Southern Ocean.
The Role and Regulation of Factor Inhibiting HIF (FIH) in Normal and Pathological Human Placentae

Factor inhibiting HIF (FIH) negatively regulates hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) transcriptional activity, selectively controlling certain HIF-1 target genes, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and prolyl hydroxylase domain 3 (PHD3), but not others. PHD3 and VEGF are important for placental development and function and are overexpressed in preeclampsia (PE). The purpose of this study was to examine FIH in both normal and pathological human placentae. I hypothesized that FIH regulates VEGF and PHD3 in the placenta and that this rheostat is altered in PE. Results show that FIH suppresses PHD3 and VEGF in JEG-3 cells; this effect was abrogated by FIH gene silencing. Moreover, my data indicate that seven in absentia homologue-1 (Siah-1) targets FIH for degradation in the placenta; this degradation is enhanced in PE and likely contributes to aberrant VEGF and PHD3 expression. Overall, my data suggest an important role for FIH in the pathogenesis of PE.
Accounting-based thresholds and growth decisions in the banking industry

This paper examines the effects of accounting-based thresholds in regulation on growth decisions in the banking industry. To investigate this relation we study changes in growth around the $10 billion asset threshold specified in the Dodd-Frank Act. We first document that, in the years after the new threshold-based regulations are announced, banks slow their asset growth as they approach the threshold and then accelerate their asset growth as they cross the threshold. Next, we document the primary mechanism banks use to achieve each of these changes in growth: reduced deposit growth rates to slow growth and increased acquisition activity to accelerate growth. Finally, we document that, while banks attempt to remain below the threshold, they reduce the growth of their investment portfolio and report a lower return on assets. Also, when banks accelerate growth through acquisition activity, those acquisitions involve larger and riskier target banks. These findings suggest that regulations with accounting-based thresholds can affect growth decisions and profitability in the banking industry.
Paradigm of Visual Communication of Sticker Design in the Age of Industrial Revolution 4.0

Paradigm changes due to new technology have a major influence on promotional activities. This is suggested by the change in promotion used to identify and target audiences. Where the target audience was once a large indistinct mass, promotions are now directed at specific individual users. In the industrial revolution 4.0, there was a significant change in technology which produced many shifts in the meaning and understanding of information. One development was a new paradigm that emerged concerning the meaning of stickers in the digitised era. This study considers whether, in the context of promotion, conventional stickers can be replaced by the presence of new technologies that give a new paradigm to stickers? Based on data obtained from interviews and questionnaires, the visual communication paradigm of sticker design in the industrial revolution era 4.0 shifted the perception and meaning of the word ’stickers’. The description of the results of this study can be used as reference material to find out how to deal with the new paradigm in visual communication media in the era of industrial revolution 4.0. Keywords: paradigm, stickers, industry 4.0, media, visual communication
Vision‐based vehicle detection for road traffic congestion classification

Due to the increasing number of vehicles in circulation in different urban cities, several automatic traffic monitoring systems have been developed. In particular, traffic monitoring systems using roadside cameras are becoming extensively deployed, as they offer imperative technological advantages compared with other traffic monitoring systems. Vehicle detection and traffic congestion classification are two main steps for video‐based traffic congestion detection systems; the associated methods have a deep impact on the performance of the whole system. In this paper, we investigate four selected vehicle detection methods namely Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), GMM‐Kalman filter, Optical Flow, and ACF object detector in two contexts: urban and highway. Three traffic congestion classification methods are also studied. The comparative study of the different methods allows us to choose the most appropriate ones to be integrated in the framework proposed to solve the traffic issues in the bridge of Bizerte.
Random mutagenesis and precise gene editing technologies: applications in algal crop improvement and functional genomics

ABSTRACT The establishment of a system for gene modification is crucial for the generation of new improved algal strains and elucidation of functional genome organization to enhance our understanding of algal biology. Several gene transfer methods have been developed for stable introduction of transgenes into algae allowing expression of desired foreign proteins. Site-specific gene integration and gene knockdown were achieved through homologous recombination and RNA interference approaches. The nuclease-associated gene editing technologies such as CRISPR-associated RNA-guided endonuclease Cas9 (CRISPR-Cas9) could efficiently generate stable targeted gene editing in algae. Although gene modification technologies have been established for algae, there are still practical difficulties that need to be addressed prior to commercialization such as transgene stability, potential risks and public acceptance. Genetic mitigation and containment strategies should be considered for commercial-scale production of transgenic algae. Abbreviations: ALE, adaptive laboratory evolution; AmiRNA, artificial microRNA; BER, base excision repair; CaMV35S, Cauliflower Mosaic Virus 35S; Cas9, CRISPR-associated protein 9; Cas9n, Cas9 mutant nickase; CRISPR, clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats; crRNA, CRISPR RNA; dCAS9, nuclease-deficient Cas9, dead Cas9 or inactive Cas9; DSB, double-stranded break; GM, genetically modified; HDR, homology-directed repair; HR, homologous recombination; miRNA, microRNA; mRNA, messenger RNA; NHEJ, non-homologous end joining; NiR, nitrite reductase; NR, nitrate reductase; PAM, Protospacer-Adjacent Motif; RNAi, RNA interference; sgRNA, single guide RNA; siRNA, small interfering RNA; sRNA, small RNA; SV40, Simian vacuolating virus 40 or Simian virus 40; TALEN, transcription-activator like effector nuclease; tracrRNA, transactivating CRISPR RNA; UTR, Untranslated region; ZFN, zinc-finger nuclease.
Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for The Solutions of Linear Equation System

A Semiring is an algebraic structure (S,+,x) such that (S,+) is a commutative Semigroup with identity element 0, (S,x) is a Semigroup with identity element 1, distributive property of multiplication over addition, and multiplication by 0 as an absorbent element in S. A linear equations system over a Semiring S is a pair (A,b) where A is a matrix with entries in S and b is a vector over S . This paper will be described as necessary or sufficient conditions of the solution of linear equations system over Semiring S viewed by matrix X that satisfies AXA=A , with A in S . For a matrix X that satisfies AXA=A , a linear equations system Ax=b has solution x=Xb+(I-XA)h with arbitrary h in S if and only if AXb=b.
The efficiency and safety of alendronate versus teriparatide for treatment glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: A meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Background Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is the most common secondary osteoporosis, alendronate (ALE) and teriparatide (TPTD) are widely used in the treatment of GIOP. However, which of these two drugs has a better curative effect needs the support of evidence-based medicine. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for randomized controlled trials of ALE and TPTD in the treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis until February 2022. These patients included in the study took glucocorticoid doses greater than 7.5 mg/d for more than 3 months before treatment with ALE and TPTD. The risk ratio (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) are used as the influence index of discontinuous data, and the standardized mean difference (SMD) and its 95% CI are used as the influence index of continuous data. Results A total of 4102 patients were enrolled in all 5 studies that met the admission criteria. We found that compared with ALE, TPTD could reduce the rate of new vertebral fracture (RR = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.05–0.34, P<0.00001). TPTD increased LS bone mineral density (BMD) (0.53, 95% CI 0.42–0.64, P<0.00001), TH BMD (0.17, 95% CI 0.05–0.28, P = 0.004) and FN BMD (0.17, 95% CI 0.05–0.29, P = 0.006) compared to ALE. However, there was no significant difference in the incidence of non-vertebral fracture and adverse events between the two groups. Conclusions Compared with ALE, TPTD is an effective drug to reduce vertebral fracture risk in patients with GIOP. Furthermore, long-term use of TPTD can increase the bone mineral density of LS, FN, and TH.
Data-Driven Sensor Fault Diagnosis for Fighter under Harsh Conditions

This paper presents a multi-classification fault diagnosis scheme for the sensor of fighter. It is difficult to diagnose sensor faults for fighter under harsh conditions like hyper maneuver because the states change rapidly and the data of fault-free and faulty sensor are similar to each other. The rapidly changing states means that values of sensor faults may be small compared with states variation. Similar data may raise the difficulty to find the separating plane. Wavelet packet decomposition can transform the raw dataset to fault features by computing the energy values of each frequency band. And principal component analysis (PCA) can grasp the main features and reduce computational complexity by transform a group of dependent parameters into a group of independent parameters via orthogonal transformation. A support vector machine (SVM) trains fault features to achieve a multi-classifier via one-versus-rest method. The classifier can obtain fault diagnosis results by inputting features of new data. Numerical simulation results illustrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed fault diagnosis scheme.
Kawa — lekarstwo, używka i narkotyk

Coffee beans has been used for centuries by man. The main ingredient of coffee responsible for the biological effects of its action is caffeine. When used occasionally or in small quantities may have a beneficial effect on human health and functioning. Certain beneficial effects of caffeine as a medicine have been proven, especially in neurodegenerative diseases. Caffeine as a stimulant may improve many aspects of everyday human functioning. However, at higher doses, regularly taken, caffeine causes tolerance and withdrawal symptoms. Because the use of caffeine is common in the population, it is possible that some of the population is already addicted to it. The aim of the review is to show cross-sectionally the use of caffeine as a stimulant, as a substance with potentially medical properties and a substance that may cause addiction, perhaps on a population scale.
A Novel Green Rating System for Existing Buildings

Green buildings are becoming an essential part of sustainable development. There have been several research trends for green buildings since 1995. The present study presents a roadmap for green/sustainable research trends and proposes a new green building rating system for existing buildings. A questionnaire was established and answered by experts, where answers were analyzed using the decision-making tool Analytical Hierarchy Process. Analytical Hierarchy Process is responsible for weighing and ranking the weights of alternatives. A novel checklist for existing buildings was structured and consisted of seven main categories, each comprised of different subcategories with different weights according to their importance and priority. The newly proposed rating system and Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) for maintenance and renovations were both used to evaluate a Nile University building in Egypt in order to identify how the environment affects the results of each rating system. The results showed that each rating system has its own criteria in evaluating the sustainability level of the building, which are each based on the country’s cultural and environmental conditions.
Foragers of the stingless bee Plebeia droryana inform nestmates about the direction, but not the distance to food sources

The tropical stingless bees have evolved intricate communication systems to recruit nestmates to food locations. Some species are able to accurately communicate the location of food, whereas others simply announce the presence of food in the environment. Plebeia droryana is a tiny Neotropical stingless bee that, until recently, was thought to use a solitary foraging strategy, that is without the use of a recruitment communication system. However, recent research has indicated that P. droryana might be able to recruit nestmates to specific food source locations. We tested this by studying whether foragers can guide nestmates in the direction and the distance of artificial feeders placed in the vicinity of the colony. We trained bees to a scented sucrose solution feeder at 10 m and placed different feeders either in different directions (experiment 1) or in different distances (experiment 2). We found that P. droryana directs newcomers in the right direction, but distance information does not seem to be communicated. Moreover, we then tested whether newcomers use chemical and visual cues originating from nestmates foraging at the food source, but found no evidence for the use of these social cues provided by conspecifics. The potential mechanism that P. droryana may use to orient recruits toward the food source, however, remains unknown and requires further study.
COMBINING ENVIRONMENTAL AND LANDSAT ANALYSIS READY DATA FOR VEGETATION MAPPING: A CASE STUDY IN THE BRAZILIAN SAVANNA BIOME

Abstract. The Cerrado biome in Brazil covers approximately 24% of the country. It is one of the richest and most diverse savannas in the world, with 23 vegetation types (physiognomies) consisting mostly of tropical savannas, grasslands, forests and dry forests. It is considered as one of the global hotspots of biodiversity because of the high level of endemism and rapid loss of its original habitat. This work aims to analyze the potential of Landsat Analysis Ready Data (ARD) in combination with different environmental data to classify the vegetation in the Cerrado in two different hierarchical levels. Here we present results of a pixel-based modelling exercise, in which field data were combined with a set of input variables using a Random Forest classification approach. On the first hierarchical level, with the three classes savanna, grasslands and forest, our model results reached f1-scores of 0.86, 0.87 and 0.85 leading to an overall accuracy of 0.86. In the second hierarchical level we differentiated a total of 12 vegetation physiognomies with an overall accuracy of 0.77.
Potential Applications of Advanced Nano/Hydrogels in Biomedicine: Static, Dynamic, Multi‐Stage, and Bioinspired

Novel advanced hydrogels can provide a versatile platform for controlled delivery and release of various cargos, with a myriad of biomedical applications. These gel‐based nanostructures possess good biocompatibility, biodegradability, flexibility, multifunctionality, can respond to internal or external stimuli, and can adapt to their surrounding environment. This new generation of hydrogels is not only capable of serving as targeted drug delivery vehicles, but they can also perform a variety of tasks within living cells and organisms. In this review, advanced hydrogels are classified as static, dynamic, multi‐stage, or bioinspired. They can be used as cell‐free gene expression platforms for gene therapy. Administration of nanogel‐based sprays can act as an immunovaccine priming macrophages toward the M1 phenotype to avoid cancer recurrence following surgery. Nanogels can also serve as a dual biosensing and capture platform for liquid biopsies, and can recognize and remove circulating cancer cells from the blood of cancer patients.
Age Discrimination in Hiring Decisions: A Factorial Survey among Managers in Nine European Countries

This article analyses old-age discrimination in managers’ hypothetical hiring decisions. We expect that older job candidates are less likely to be hired than equally qualified younger candidates. Statistical discrimination theory argues that when recruiters have more information about the candidate’s skills, age is less important for hiring decisions. Given inconclusive results of previous studies, we elaborate on the theory by focusing on the content rather than the amount of information. We argue that information is primarily influential if it debunks, rather than confirms, ageist stereotypes. To test this argument, a factorial survey was conducted among 482 managers in nine European countries. The findings show that older candidates indeed receive lower hireability scores, and this finding is robust across countries and sectors. However, we do not find that stereotype-rejecting information moderates age discrimination: it does not matter whether recruiters have information that debunks or confirms ageist stereotypes; age is equally important in both situations. Our findings suggest that for hiring decisions, the valuation of applicants’ skills and their age are largely independent.
Cloning specific segments ofthemammalian genome: Bacteriophage Xcontaining mouseglobin andsurrounding genesequences

Wehavedeveloped ageneral approach tothe cloning ofspecific segments ofthemammalian genomethat involves atwo-step purification ofEcoRIfragments ofmam- malian DNAandtheir invitro insertion into asuitably con- structed EK2derivative ofbacteriophage X.Thecombination offragment purification, exclusion ofparental-type recombi- nants, andsimple phage screening techniques permits theiso- lation ofvirtually anygenesegment forwhichthere isan identifying hybridization probe. Weillustrate theapproach by describing thecloning ofanapproximately 7000-base-long segment ofmouse DNAcontaining globin andsurrounding gene sequences. Theprospect ofusing recombinant DNAtechnology (1-4) to clone agiven segment ofthemammalian genome offers a means ofunderstanding gene structure andfunction aswell as ofachieving certain practical benefits. Thedifficulty inac- complishing this, however, arises fromthegreat complexity of themammalian genome. Agiven mammalian genemayrep- resent aslittle asoneten-millionth oftheorganism's total DNA. Inorder tooverame this difficulty, wehave used atwo-step DNAfractionation scheme andaversatile EK2phage Xcloning vector which, together withefficient phage screening tech- niques, bring virtually anysegment ofthemammalian genome within cloning range. This strategy isillustrated bytheisolation ofa7000-base-long EcoRIfragment ofthemousegenome containing aglobin geneandsurrounding nucleotide se- quence. MATERIALSAND METHODS
Vegetables Consumption and its Benefits on Diabetes

Vegetables are indispensable for equilibrated diets since they charge dietary fiber, phytochemicals, vitamins, and minerals. Each vegetable comprise a distinct amalgam and amount of these compounds, which differentiate them from other vegetables. Vegetable intakes has been highly correlated with improved gastrointestinal health, reduced risk of heart attack, some types of cancer and chronic ailments such as diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is a lifestyle ailment. Our vegetables selection and amount of dietary fiber, phytochemicals, vitamins and minerals consumed can either prevent or promote diabetes. This article highlights the nutritional and health benefits of different vegetables and their dietary fiber, vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids, flavonoids, thiosulfides, magnesium, selenium, chromium, and zinc contents, to prevent and reverse diabetes. The proper order of eating vegetables before carbohydrate and its effect on postprandial blood glucose levels, and glycemic control is also discussed. Data shows that eating vegetables before carbohydrates is effective to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia in Type 2 diabetes patients, as well as in healthy people. So vegetables should be eaten before carbohydrates at every meal.