Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFICIENT CALCULATION OF THE AUTOCORRELATION OF BOOLEAN FUNCTIONS WITH A LARGE NUMBER OF VARIABLES

The autocorrelation of a Boolean function is animportant mathematical concept with various applications. It is a kernel ofmany algorithms with essential applications whose efficiency is directlylimited by the time and space complexity of methods for computing theautocorrelation. These limitations, in this paper, can be overcome by computingthe autocorrelation through Shared Multi-Terminal Binary Decision Diagram(SMTBDD) that are a data structure allowing compact representations of largeBoolean functions. The computation is performed in the spectral domain byexploiting the Wiener-Khinchin theorem and the fast calculation algorithm throughSMTBDDs. It is necessary to develop a specialized decision diagram package withall the standard BDD operations that support fast calculation algorithm throughdecision diagrams and dynamically resizable terminal nodes allows to deal withlarge integers that appear in computing the autocorrelation coefficients. Anexperimental evaluation over benchmarks, confirmed favorably the efficiency ofthe proposed data structure and related algorithms.
A Decomposition of the Sources of Incomplete Cross-Border Transmission

Despite its importance, the microeconomics of the international transmission of shocks is not well understood. The conventional wisdom is that relative price changes are the primary mechanism by which shocks are transmitted across borders. Yet traded-goods prices exhibit significant inertia in the face of shocks such as exchange rate changes. This paper uses a structural model to quantify the relative importance of manufacturers' and retailers' local-cost components and markup adjustments as sources of this incomplete transmission. The model is applied to a panel dataset of one industry with retail and wholesale prices for UPC (Universal Product Code)-level products. Markup adjustments by manufacturers and the retailer explain two-thirds of the incomplete transmission, and local-cost components account for the remaining one-third. Foreign manufacturers generally bear more of the cost (or reap more of the benefit) of an exchange-rate-induced marginal cost shock than do domestic consumers, domestic manufacturers, or the domestic retailer.
Privacy-Preserving Join Processing over outsourced private datasets with Fully Homomorphic Encryption and Bloom Filters

Cloud database services have become attractive among organizations, governments, or individuals with the increasing number of data to be analyzed. Outsourcing sensitive data and delegating data processing to the cloud services, however, cause security and privacy issues because they are not always trustable. In this paper, we address the problem of answering join queries across outsourced private databases while maintaining the data confidentiality. This query model is common in a study field where a researcher is willing to know a certain correlation between databases owned by different enterprises. We especially present a protocol that allows secure join operation toward datasets on a cloud server, introducing a new functionality of outsourced private set intersection cardinality with fully homomorphic encryption and bloom filters. Keyword Private Database,Outsourced join operation,Cloud Computing,FHE,Bloom Filter,PSI
Potato Snacks in Bangladesh: Unhealthy Snack with Higher Fat Content and Alternative Healthier Options

Potato snack is one of the most popular snacks item in Bangladesh. In this study the nutrition facts of potato snacks (potato chips and french fries) of different brands of home and aboard and of different food chain shops were analyzed and compared with the ideal one. From this study it was observed that most of the brands have been deviated from the quantity of nutrition facts that should be contained in an ideal potato snack. The noteworthy difference was noticed for the case of protein content for potato chips. For French fries, it has been determined that homemade french fries contain the lowest fat and carbohydrate. Since potato snacks are a source of harmful trans-fat, saturated fat and also high in calories, this paper has been discussed some healthier alternatives to this salty snack such as baked potato snack, using sugar solution and sweet potato. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/jce.v28i1. 18102 Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 28, No. 1, December 2013: 4-8
Discovery of Very High Energy γ-Ray Emission from the Low-Frequency-peaked BL Lacertae Object BL Lacertae

The MAGIC collaboration observed BL Lacertae for 22.2 hr during 2005 August to December and for 26 hr during 2006 July to September. The source is the historical prototype and eponym of a class of low-frequency-peaked BL Lacertae (LBL) objects. A very high energy (VHE) γ-ray signal was discovered with a 5.1 σ excess in the 2005 data. Above 200 GeV, an integral flux of (0.6 ± 0.2) × 10-11 cm-2 s-1 was measured, corresponding to approximately 3% of the Crab flux. The differential spectrum between 150 and 900 GeV is rather steep with a photon index of -3.6 ± 0.5. The light curve shows no significant variability during the observations in 2005. For the first time a clear detection of VHE γ-ray emission from an LBL object was obtained with a signal below previous upper limits. The 2006 data show no significant excess. This drop in flux follows the observed trend in optical activity.
Biomarkers of Fat and Fatty Acid Intake 1

Unlike other macronutrients such as protein, the amounts and types of fat in the human diet vary tremendously across cultures and over time have changed signiﬁcantly within Westernized countries. Studies of the effect that fat sources, fat amounts and changes in fat intake have on human disease are extremely difﬁcult to conduct with traditional dietary assessment methods for a number of reasons. These include the hidden nature of many fats, the variation in fatty acids contained in foods and feed and the sensitivity of individuals to questions about fat intake in their diets. For these reasons biomarkers of fat intake are particularly desirable. Fat and fat-soluble substances have the advantages over other nutrients of a long half-life and readily accessible storage depots (in the absence of starvation, undernutrition or eating disorders). Technological advances in quantitative measurements of individual fatty acids, with the help of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GCMS) 4 and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), made possible the study of speciﬁc isomers of minor fatty acids from small tissue samples. Technological advances also opened the gateways to the study of fats that represent less than 1% of the total fat proﬁles, such as decosahexanoic acid (DHA), eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Biological advances enhanced our appreciation of the differences between fats of differing chain lengths within a family, including the saturated fats. Challenges remain, such as assessing total fat intake, discriminating the contribution of endogenously produced fats, determining how to evaluate the importance of relative versus absolute contributions of fat and accounting for the factors that inﬂuence deposition and mobilization of individual fats within and between individuals. Factors that can inﬂuence deposition and mobilization include genetic variation, disease status, lifestyle differences (i.e., alcohol consumption and smoking), circulating apolipoprotein levels and the hormonal milieu of the individual and the source tissue. J. Nutr. 133: 925S–932S, 2003.
A Time-Varying Measure of Fiscal Crowding-Out Based on Financial Integration : Divergence between Advanced and Emerging Market Economies ∗

This paper investigates the fiscal crowding-out effect, measured as the extent to which private saving is offset by public saving, based on the degree of a country’s international financial integration. Using heterogeneous panel data for 95 countries over the period 1970–2010, the results reveal that the dynamics for the private/public saving offset are highly nonlinear and time-varying. While the private/public saving offset has gradually declined in advanced economies, it has been relatively constant in emerging market economies. This pattern appears to reflect the differing paces of financial integration between advanced and emerging market economies. Since the early 2000s, the extent of the offset of advanced economies has been smaller than that of emerging market economies by approximately 16 percent. JEL Classification: C33; E21; E62; F36; G15; O50
Image Segmentation Using Improved Self Organizing Feature Map

Image segmentation is an important and crucial part of image analysis system. The accuracy of any image analysis system is highly dependent on the accuracy of image segmentation. Most of the image segmentation algorithms need prior information about the image. In the present paper, we proposed an image segmentation technique using improved Self Organizing Feature Map. The proposed method classifies image pixels based on their intensity values for image segmentation. This technique does not require any feature extraction and training of data. First of all the input gray image is converted into one dimensional vector (input vector) and after that pixel intensity values directly feed to the input layer of SOFM Neural Network. To mapping each pixel into corresponding class, we modified the SOFM Neural Network by adding an extra layer of neurons. This extra layer does not contribute in the process of weight updation. When self organizing network terminated, this extra layer of neurons check for input intensities to closest match and map that input intensity to concerned class. After mapping process we get clusters of different intensities. The proposed algorithm is tested on the publicly available Berkeley Segmentation Data set. Proposed algorithm is compared with KMeans and Fuzzy C-Means clustering(FCM), based segmentation method, visual and quantitative results showed that proposed algorithm perform better.
Scattering and Radiative Properties of Morphologically Complex Carbonaceous Aerosols: A Systematic Modeling Study

This paper provides a thorough modeling-based overview of the scattering and radiative properties of a wide variety of morphologically complex carbonaceous aerosols. Using the numerically-exact superposition T-matrix method, we examine the absorption enhancement, absorption Ångström exponent (AAE), backscattering linear depolarization ratio (LDR), and scattering matrix elements of black-carbon aerosols with 11 different model morphologies ranging from bare soot to completely embedded soot–sulfate and soot–brown carbon mixtures. Our size-averaged results show that fluffy soot particles absorb more light than compact bare-soot clusters. For the same amount of absorbing material, the absorption cross section of internally mixed soot can be more than twice that of bare soot. Absorption increases as soot accumulates more coating material and can become saturated. The absorption enhancement is affected by particle size, morphology, wavelength, and the amount of coating. We refute the conventional belief that all carbonaceous aerosols have AAEs close to 1.0. Although LDRs caused by bare soot and certain carbonaceous particles are rather weak, LDRs generated by other soot-containing aerosols can reproduce strong depolarization measured by Burton et al. for aged smoke. We demonstrate that multi-wavelength LDR measurements can be used to identify the presence of morphologically complex carbonaceous particles, although additional observations can be needed for full characterization. Our results show that optical constants of the host/coating material can significantly influence the scattering and absorption properties of soot-containing aerosols to the extent of changing the sign of linear polarization. We conclude that for an accurate estimate of black-carbon radiative forcing, one must take into account the complex morphologies of carbonaceous aerosols in remote sensing studies as well as in atmospheric radiation computations.
Dynamics of sediment flux to a bathyal continental margin section through the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum

Abstract. The response of the Earth system to greenhouse-gas-driven warming is of critical importance for the future trajectory of our planetary environment. Hyperthermal events – past climate transients with global-scale warming significantly above background climate variability – can provide insights into the nature and magnitude of these responses. The largest hyperthermal of the Cenozoic was the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM ∼ 56 Ma). Here we present new high-resolution bulk sediment stable isotope and major element data for the classic PETM section at Zumaia, Spain. With these data we provide a new detailed stratigraphic correlation to other key deep-ocean and terrestrial PETM reference sections. With this new correlation and age model we are able to demonstrate that detrital sediment accumulation rates within the Zumaia continental margin section increased more than 4-fold during the PETM, representing a radical change in regional hydrology that drove dramatic increases in terrestrial-to-marine sediment flux. Most remarkable is that detrital accumulation rates remain high throughout the body of the PETM, and even reach peak values during the recovery phase of the characteristic PETM carbon isotope excursion (CIE). Using a series of Earth system model inversions, driven by the new Zumaia carbon isotope record, we demonstrate that the silicate weathering feedback alone is insufficient to recover the PETM CIE, and that active organic carbon burial is required to match the observed dynamics of the CIE. Further, we demonstrate that the period of maximum organic carbon sequestration coincides with the peak in detrital accumulation rates observed at Zumaia. Based on these results, we hypothesise that orbital-scale variations in subtropical hydro-climates, and their subsequent impact on sediment dynamics, may contribute to the rapid climate and CIE recovery from peak-PETM conditions.
Swarm Optimization Algorithms for Face Recognition

In this thesis, a face recognition system based on swarm intelligence is developed. Swarm intelligence can be defined as the collective intelligence that emerges from a group of simple entities; these agents enter into interactions, sense and change their environment locally. A typical system for face recognition consists of three stages: feature extraction, feature selection and classification. Two approaches are explored. First, Bacterial Foraging Optimization(BFO), in which the features extracted from Principal Component Analysis(PCA) and Linear Discriminant Analysis(LDA) are optimized. Second, Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO), which optimizes the transform coefficients obtained from the Discrete Cosine Transform(DCT) of the images. PCA, LDA and DCT are all appearance-based methods of feature extraction. PCA and LDA are based on global appearance whereas DCT is performed on a block by block basis exploring the local appearance-based features. Finally, for classification Euclidean distance metric is used. The algorithms that have been applied are tested on Yale Face Database.
On Measuring the Contextual Relevance of Research Paper Recommendation Systems

The contextual information present in scholarly papers plays a vital role in the implementation of research paper recommendation systems. However, the most critical concern is how to measure the contextual relevance of scholarly papers for better recommendations? In this paper, we present the most common approaches used to measure the contextual relevance of research paper recommendation systems. Based on the research outcome, content-link, citation relation, social network analyses, and their combinations are the most widely used. The paper also outlined the strengths and weaknesses of each approach.
Mechanism Study of Gas Drilling Dust Removal of Water-Affusion

The prevention and control of debris particles is always a big problem in gas drilling for safety production. On the basis of the force analysis of the debris particles in sand pipeline is built up. Under some certain assumptions, the subsidence rules of the debris particles with different dimensions are analyzed and calculated. The result shows that the debris which’s across are bigger than 25 micron can subsidence by themselves and which’s across are smaller than 20 micron can’t subsidence by themselves. These small particles will be a threaten to people’s health and the environment. So it is needed to water injection and dust. In combination with the interaction mechanism between water and debris particles, some measures to improve the effect of water injection and dust in gas drilling are put forward, the methods that against the current direction, water at the eccentric position and add dustfall agent will be used to improve the effect.
Macromolecular crystal twinning, lattice disorders and multiple crystals

Macromolecule crystal structure analyses can be severely hampered by cases of twinning or of lattice disorders or of multiple crystals. However, it is increasingly the case that twinning can readily be recognized and accounted for, or remediations found. A review of this topic is given, covering both the less-than-perfect and perfect twinning situations. Remediation of twinning cases is possible via alteration of crystal growth conditions including use, mainly, of chemical additives. The case of multiple crystal growths likewise can hamper crystal structure analysis and, although not necessarily associated with twinning, is a crystal growth situation where similar remediation methods are adopted. There is a nice body of case studies now in the crystallographic literature about macromolecule crystal twinning and multiple crystals situations that make it timely to write this review. The literature on other macromolecule crystal disorders is much smaller but include incommensurate superlattice effects, which are also described. This review concludes with a personal view of the future possible directions. There are new avenues to deal with multiple crystal cases using physical crystallography approaches, such as sample sprays for freezing macromolecule microcrystallites and femtosecond lasers for exactly cutting out crystal fragments. There is a considerable potential for molecular replacement to provide an efficient way for using twinned X-ray data, at least where there is a high amino acid sequence identity, and as ‘protein fold space’ coverage becomes much more complete. 1The terms ‘Macromolecular’ and ‘Macromolecular Crystallography’ sometimes abbreviated ‘MX’, refer to crystals of protein-nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) complexes and/or DNA crystals as well as ‘simply proteins on their own’.
Adapting landscapes to climate change: examples of climate-proof ecosystem networks and priority adaptation zones

1. Climate change has been inducing range shifts for many species as they follow their suitable climate space and further shifts are projected. Whether species will be able to colonize regions where climate conditions become suitable, so-called 'new climate space', depends on species traits and habitat fragmentation. 2. By combining bioclimate envelope models with dispersal models, we identified areas where the spatial cohesion of the ecosystem pattern is expected to be insufficient to allow colonization of new climate space. 3. For each of three ecosystem types, three species were selected that showed a shift in suitable climate space and differed in habitat fragmentation sensitivity. 4. For the 2020 and 2050 time slices, the amount of climatically suitable habitat in northwest Europe diminished for all studied species. Additionally, significant portions of new suitable habitat could not be colonized because of isolation. Together, this will result in a decline in the amount of suitable habitat protected in Natura 2000 sites. 5. We develop several adaptation strategies to combat this problem: (i) link isolated habitat that is within a new suitable climate zone to the nearest climate-proof network; (ii) increase colonizing capacity in the overlap zone, the part of a network that remains suitable in successive time frames; (iii) optimize sustainable networks in climate refugia, the part of a species' range where the climate remains stable. 6. Synthesis and applications. Following the method described in this study, we can identify those sites across Europe where ecosystem patterns are not cohesive enough to accommodate species' responses to climate change. The best locations for climate corridors where improving connectivity is most urgent and potential gain is highest can then be pinpointed.
Pattern of Deliberate Self-Poisoning in Gorgan, North of Iran

Background: Suicide is a global public health problem. Deliberate Self-Poisoning (DSP) is one of the most common methods of suicide in many countries. This study was designed to identify the trends and characteristics of DSP in Gorgan.Methods: The study was carried out retrospectively in 5 Azar Hospital. It included 549 patients who were hospitalized in the hospital due to DSP from March 2008 to March 2015. Data were obtained from medical records. Stata software and Pearson's chi-squared test were used for data analysis.Results: Of 549 patients, 51% were females and 50.27% were aged 20–29 years. The majority of patients (76.68%) lived in urban areas. Poisoning occurred mostly in summer and the peak was observed in August. Most of the poisoning agents were pharmaceuticals (80.51%). Among the pharmaceuticals, benzodiazepines were involved most often. Overall, 21 patients (3.83%) died. The highest number of deaths was due to aluminum phosphide poisoning (76.19%). In addition, family quarrel was the main cause of DSP (43.17%). There were significant differences between the causes of DSP and demographics. Characteristics including gender, age groups, marital status, employment status and educational status.Conclusion: Deliberate self-poisoning (DSP) with drugs has recently been a serious social problem, especially in the younger generation in Gorgan and there is an urgent need for a prevention plan.
Strong coupling in Horava gravity

By studying perturbations about the vacuum, we show that Horava gravity suffers from two different strong coupling problems, extending all the way into the deep infra-red. The first of these is associated with the principle of detailed balance and explains why solutions to General Relativity are typically not recovered in models that preserve this structure. The second of these occurs even without detailed balance and is associated with the breaking of diffeomorphism invariance, required for anisotropic scaling in the UV. Since there is a reduced symmetry group there are additional degrees of freedom, which need not decouple in the infra-red. Indeed, we use the Stuckelberg trick to show that one of these extra modes become strongly coupled as the parameters approach their desired infra-red fixed point. Whilst we can evade the first strong coupling problem by breaking detailed balance, we cannot avoid the second, whatever the form of the potential. Therefore the original Horava model, and its "phenomenologically viable" extensions do not have a perturbative General Relativity limit at any scale. Experiments which confirm the perturbative gravitational wave prediction of General Relativity, such as the cumulative shift of the periastron time of binary pulsars, will presumably rule out the theory.