Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Inorganic and Organic Salts on the Thermogelling Behavior of Poly(organophosphazenes)

The effect of various inorganic (NaCI, KCl, NaBr, LiCl and NaI) and organic (Eu 4 NBr, n-Pr 4 NBr and n-Bu4NBr) salts on the thermogelling behavior of poly(organophosphazenes) with a-amino-ω-methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol) (AMPEG) and amino acid ester side groups was studied. The salting-out or salting-in effects of inorganic salts were in good agreement with the so-called "Hofmeister series". In the presence of inorganic salts other than Nal, the association temperature (Tags) and the temperature at the maximum viscosity (T max ) shifted to lower temperatures. This indicates that the inorganic salts facilitated the thermosensitive gelation of the poly(organophosphazenes). The viscosity (V max ) at T max was greatly augmented by the addition of inorganic salts, implying an increase in the number of hydrophobic association points. In contrast, NaI and organic salts dramatically suppressed the thermosensitive gelation of poly(organophosphazenes). The addition of these salts increased both Tags and T max , and decreased V max . In the inorganic salt systems, both the radius and the charge density of the anion seem to be the main decisive factors with regard to salting-out and salting-in effects. In the organic salt systems, the suppression of thermosensitive gelation may be attributed to the ionization of the hydrophobic side groups of the poly(organophosphazenes) upon binding of the large cations of the organic salts through hydrophobic interactions.
Interpretation of dielectric response measurement data from service aged XLPE-cables

A lot of investigations were recently done to check the ability of dielectric diagnostic procedures to evaluate on-site the status of a XLPE cable system. Several procedures to determine and interpret dielectric data in time and frequency domain were investigated. The collected data were compared with results from destructive test methods like electrical breakdown strength and optical water tree test. This paper contributes to the differences between the results from destructive or non destructive test methods and possible interpretations of the results.
On the functional derivative of the kinetic energy density functional

The functional derivative of the kinetic energy Ts[ρ↑,ρ↓] of a noninteracting system of particles with density ρ=ρ↑+ρ↓ is evaluated in terms of the Kohn–Sham spin orbital densities ρiσ and Lagrange multipliers eiσ(σ=↑ or ↓). Of particular interest is the functional derivative of TΔ[ρ↑,ρ↓] =Ts[ρ↑,ρ↓]−Tw[ρ↑,ρ↓], where Tw[ρ↑,ρ↓] is the Weizsacker kinetic energy functional: δTΔ[ρ↑,ρ↓]/δρσ =(1/8ρσ){JNσi=1[(∇ρiσ ⋅ ∇ρiσ)/ρiσ −(∇ρσ ⋅ ∇ρσ)/ρσ]} −(1/ρσ)(JNσi=1 eiσρiσ −μσρσ). This quantity is used to analyze the approximate kinetic energy density functional proposed by Acharya et al.
Comparison of the Sorption of Anionic Dyes on Activated Carbon and Chitosan Derivatives from Dilute Solutions

Activated carbon and chitosan were investigated for the sorption of several dyes. While the sorption on activated carbon was largely independent of the pH, the sorption of dyes on chitosan was controlled by the acidity of the solution. Anionic dye sorption onto chitosan occurred through electrostatic attraction on protonated amine groups. Sorption experiments were focused on dilute solutions and sorption capacities ranged between 200 and 2000 μmol g−1 for chitosan and between 50 and 900 μmol g−1 for activated carbon. Since, in most cases, equilibrium was reached within the first 12 hours of contact, sorption kinetics are relatively fast. However, both sorption capacities (sorption isotherms) and kinetics depended on the type of dyes. The attempt to correlate sorption performance to the structure of the dye failed. Sorption kinetics are strongly influenced not only by intraparticle diffusion resistance but also by the affinity of the dye for the sorbent.
Glass-reinforced Vinyl Ester Resin Composites

The curing behaviour of vinyl ester resin, the condensation product of acrylic acid with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A, was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The glass-fibre-reinforced composites of the vinyl ester resin were prepared and evaluated for their chemical, electrical and mechanical properties. The incorporation of styrene during the curing of the vinyl ester resin showed significant improvements in tensile strength and dielectric properties.
Oxford nanopore long-read sequencing enables the generation of complete bacterial and plasmid genomes without short-read sequencing

Introduction Genome-based analysis is crucial in monitoring antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB)and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs). Short-read sequencing is typically used to obtain incomplete draft genomes, while long-read sequencing can obtain genomes of multidrug resistance (MDR) plasmids and track the transmission of plasmid-borne antimicrobial resistance genes in bacteria. However, long-read sequencing suffers from low-accuracy base calling, and short-read sequencing is often required to improve genome accuracy. This increases costs and turnaround time. Methods In this study, a novel ONT sequencing method is described, which uses the latest ONT chemistry with improved accuracy to assemble genomes of MDR strains and plasmids from long-read sequencing data only. Three strains of Salmonella carrying MDR plasmids were sequenced using the ONT SQK-LSK114 kit with flow cell R10.4. 1, and de novo genome assembly was performed with average read accuracy (Q > 10) of 98.9%. Results and Discussion For a 5-Mb-long bacterial genome, finished genome sequences with accuracy of >99.99% could be obtained at 75× sequencing coverage depth using Flye and Medaka software. Thus, this new ONT method greatly improves base-calling accuracy, allowing for the de novo assembly of high-quality finished bacterial or plasmid genomes without the need for short-read sequencing. This saves both money and time and supports the application of ONT data in critical genome-based epidemiological analyses. The novel ONT approach described in this study can take the place of traditional combination genome assembly based on short- and long-read sequencing, enabling pangenomic analyses based on high-quality complete bacterial and plasmid genomes to monitor the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes.
Electro‐osmotic Drag Coefficient of Water and Methanol in Polymer Electrolytes at Elevated Temperatures

The electro-osmotic drag coefficient of water in two polymer electrolytes was experimentally determined as a function of water activity and current density for temperatures up to 200 C. The results show that the electro-osmotic drag coefficient varies from 0.2 to 0.6 in Nafion{reg_sign}/H{sub 3}PO{sub 4} membrane electrolyte, but is essentially zero in phosphoric acid-doped PBI (polybenzimidazole) membrane electrolyte over the range of water activity considered. The near-zero electro-osmotic drag coefficient found in PBI indicates that this electrolyte should lessen the problems associated with water redistribution in proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
Application of Nano Surfactant Modified Biosorbent as an Efficient Adsorbent for Dye Removal

In the current study, sorption of methylene blue dye (MB) from aqueous solutions, using sawdust modified with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS/SD) has been investigated. Sorption experiments were performed using batch and fixed-bed column systems. The effects of important parameters, such as pH, initial dye concentration, flow rate, and bed depth on the sorption of MB dye have been studied. Thomas and the bed-depth service time model (BDST) were applied for analysis of sorption data and estimating of sorption capacity. In order to drive adsorption isotherms, sorption experiments were conducted in batch mode and the treatment of the obtained data were carried out using the Langmuir and Freundlich equations. Based on the breakthrough analysis obtained from continuous sorption experiments, the highest column capacity of 129.68 mg g−1 was obtained for the SDS/SD adsorbent. The results of this study indicated that surfactant-modified sawdust is much more effective for basic MB dye removal compared to untreated sawdust (SD) and the exhausted SDS/SD column can be easily regenerated using dilute HCl solution with high performance (>95%). The results of this study also indicated the successful applicability of the introduced adsorbent as a very efficient and cost effective adsorbent for the removal of cationic dye molecules from aqueous wastes.
Holographic Recording in a Photoactive Elastomer

This work explores the use of photoactive elastomers as elastic holographic materials. Holographic gratings were recorded on stretched films of an azobenzene elastomer, which is composed of a side‐chain liquid‐crystalline polymer with azobenzene mesogens, grafted to the rubbery polybutadiene block of a styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer. The grating‐formation dynamics measurements revealed the formation of two gratings of different natures resulting from the coupled mechanical and optical effects. A first grating, formed quickly upon exposure, is due to the photoisomerization of oriented azobenzene groups. A second grating, developed at longer exposure times, may originate from changes in the anisotropic structure of the SBS matrix, which is induced by the photochemical phase transition of azobenzene mesogens. The first grating is unstable, but the second grating remains in relaxed films. Both mechanisms can be enhanced by deformation of the film.
ANOMALOUSLY INCREASED EFFECTIVE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITIES OF ETHYLENE GLYCOL-BASED NANOFLUIDS CONTAINING COPPER NANOPARTICLES

It is shown that a “nanofluid” consisting of copper nanometer-sized particles dispersed in ethylene glycol has a much higher effective thermal conductivity than either pure ethylene glycol or ethylene glycol containing the same volume fraction of dispersed oxide nanoparticles. The effective thermal conductivity of ethylene glycol is shown to be increased by up to 40% for a nanofluid consisting of ethylene glycol containing approximately 0.3 vol % Cu nanoparticles of mean diameter <10 nm. The results are anomalous based on previous theoretical calculations that had predicted a strong effect of particle shape on effective nanofluid thermal conductivity, but no effect of either particle size or particle thermal conductivity.
Niobates and Tantalates of Tervalent Elements

The types of compounds in the A2O3– B2O5 systems, where A = the p-, d-, and f-elements of Group III, the p-elements of Group V, and the d-elements of the fourth period in the tervalent state and B="Nb" or Ta, are considered. An analysis of the methods of making the niobates and tantalates is given, their structure is described, and their physicochemical and electrophysical properties are reviewed. Special attention has been paid to the description of the rare-earth element meta-niobates, which exhibit the properties of electrets, and of the compounds of composition ABO4 (A = Sb, Bi; and B = Nb, Ta), which belong to a new group of ferroelectrics. Bibliography of 147 references.
Discrete Signal Processing on Meet/Join Lattices

A lattice is a partially ordered set supporting a meet (join) operation that returns the largest lower bound (smallest upper bound) of two elements. Just like graphs, lattices are a fundamental structure that occurs across domains including social data analysis, natural language processing, computational chemistry and biology, and database theory. In this paper we introduce discrete-lattice signal processing (DLSP), an SP framework for data, or signals, indexed by such lattices. We use the meet (or join) to define a shift operation and derive associated notions of filtering, Fourier basis and transform, and frequency response. We show that the spectrum of a lattice signal inherits the lattice structure of the signal domain and derive a sampling theorem. Finally, we show two prototypical applications: spectral analysis of formal concept lattices in social science and sampling and Wiener filtering on multiset lattices in combinatorial auctions. Formal concept lattices are a representation of relations between objects and attributes. Since relations are equivalent to bipartite graphs and hypergraphs, DLSP offers a form of Fourier analysis for these structures.
Extensional realizability for intuitionistic set theory

In generic realizability for set theories, realizers treat unbounded quantifiers generically. To this form of realizability, we add another layer of extensionality by requiring that realizers ought to act extensionally on realizers, giving rise to a realizability universe $\mathrm{V_{ex}}(A)$ in which the axiom of choice in all finite types, ${\textsf{AC}}_{{\textsf{FT}}}$, is realized, where $A$ stands for an arbitrary partial combinatory algebra. This construction furnishes ‘inner models’ of many set theories that additionally validate ${\textsf{AC}}_{{\textsf{FT}}}$, in particular it provides a self-validating semantics for ${\textsf{CZF}}$ (constructive Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory) and ${\textsf{IZF}}$ (intuitionistic Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory). One can also add large set axioms and many other principles.
Supplemental: Learning an Animatable Detailed 3D Face Model from In-The-Wild Images

2 IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS Data: DECA is trained on 2 Million images from VGGFace2 [Cao et al. 2018], BUPT-Balancedface [Wang et al. 2019] and VoxCeleb2 [Chung et al. 2018]. From VGGFace2 [Cao et al. 2018], we randomly select 950k images such that 750K images are of resolution higher than 224×224, and 200K are of lower resolution. From BUPTBalancedface [Wang et al. 2019] we randomly sample 550k with Asian or African ethnicity labels to reduce the ethnicity bias of VGGFace2. From VoxCeleb2 [Chung et al. 2018] we choose 500k frames, with multiple samples from the same video clip per subject to obtain data with variation only in the facial expression and head pose. We also sample 50k images from the VGGFace2 [Cao et al. 2018] test set for validation. Data cleaning: We generate a different crop for the face image by shifting the provided bounding box by 5% to the bottom right (i.e. shift by ε = 1 20 (bw , bh) T , where bw and bh denote the bounding box width and height). Then we expand the original and the shifted bounding boxes by 10% to the top, and by 20% to the left, right, and bottom. We run FAN [Bulat and Tzimiropoulos 2017], providing
Split: Inferring Unobserved Event Probabilities for Disentangling Brand-Customer Interactions

Often, data contains only composite events composed of multiple events, some observed and some unobserved. For example, search ad click is observed by a brand, whereas which customers were shown a search ad - an actionable variable - is often not observed. In such cases, inference is not possible on unobserved event. This occurs when a marketing action is taken over earned and paid digital channels. Similar setting arises in numerous datasets where multiple actors interact. One approach is to use the composite event as a proxy for the unobserved event of interest. However, this leads to invalid inference. This paper takes a direct approach whereby an event of interest is identified based on information on the composite event and aggregate data on composite events (e.g. total number of search ads shown). This work contributes to the literature by proving identification of the unobserved events' probabilities up to a scalar factor under mild condition. We propose an approach to identify the scalar factor by using aggregate data that is usually available from earned and paid channels. The factor is identified by adding a loss term to the usual cross-entropy loss. We validate the approach on three synthetic datasets. In addition, the approach is validated on a real marketing problem where some observed events are hidden from the algorithm for validation. The proposed modification to the cross-entropy loss function improves the average performance by 46%.
Active machine learning for spatio-temporal predictions using feature embedding

Active learning (AL) could contribute to solving critical environmental problems through improved spatio-temporal predictions. Yet such predictions involve high-dimensional feature spaces with mixed data types and missing data, which existing methods have difficulties dealing with. Here, we propose a novel batch AL method that fills this gap. We encode and cluster features of candidate data points, and query the best data based on the distance of embedded features to their cluster centers. We introduce a new metric of informativeness that we call embedding entropy and a general class of neural networks that we call embedding networks for using it. Empirical tests on forecasting electricity demand show a simultaneous reduction in prediction error by up to 63-88% and data usage by up to 50-69% compared to passive learning (PL) benchmarks.
Congruences concerning generalized central trinomial coefficients

For any $n\in\mathbb{N}=\{0,1,2,\ldots\}$ and $b,c\in\mathbb{Z}$, the generalized central trinomial coefficient $T_n(b,c)$ denotes the coefficient of $x^n$ in the expansion of $(x^2+bx+c)^n$. Let $p$ be an odd prime. In this paper, we determine the summation $\sum_{k=0}^{p-1}T_k(b,c)^2/m^k$ modulo $p^2$ for integers $m$ with certain restrictions. As applications, we confirm some conjectural congruences of Sun [Sci. China Math. 57 (2014), 1375--1400].
Exploring the role of σ* driven photochemistry in heteroaromatic molecules

1πσ* or 1nσ* mediated dissociation of X-H and X-CH3 bonds (where X = N, O or S) has been studied herein, progressing previous work into the role of 1πσ* and 1nσ* states as mediators for excited state relaxation. By investigating the role of these states in excited state dynamics of sub-units and analogues of biomolecular systems, spectroscopic signatures can be observed with greater ease. These signatures may then be extended to elucidate the role of these dissociative states in excited state relaxation processes of more realistic systems, namely DNA bases and amino acids. The work undertaken in this thesis specifically focuses on 1πσ* mediated hydrogen elimination from imidazole and mequinol, as well as 1πσ* or 1nσ* mediated CH3 elimination in anisole, thioanisole and mequinol. Through the use of time resolved velocity map imaging, the timescale for these dissociation processes can be determined by independently measuring the radicals produced with a characteristic kinetic energy. From these timescales, information about the rate of coupling to these 1πσ* and 1nσ* states can be inferred. The results obtained show that population of these states can occur via several different mechanisms including: direct excitation; coupling through conical intersections; and tunnelling. The results also project the importance of 1πσ* or 1nσ* mediated processes in much larger biological systems, strongly suggesting the need to extend these measurements and begin to bridge the gap between the microscopic, such as DNA bases and amino acids, and the macroscopic, such as oligonucleotides and polypeptides.
Solution processable low bandgap diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) based derivatives : novel acceptors for organic solar cells

Novel low bandgap solution processable diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) based derivatives functionalized with electron withdrawing end capping groups (trifluoromethylphenyl and trifluorophenyl) were synthesized, and their photophysical, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties were investigated. These compounds showed optical bandgaps ranging from 1.81 to 1.94 eV and intense absorption bands that cover a wide range from 300 to 700 nm, attributed to charge transfer transition between electron rich phenylene-thienylene moieties and the electron withdrawing diketopyrrolopyrrole core. All of the compounds were found to be fluorescent in solution with an emission wavelength ranging from 600 to 800 nm. Cyclic voltammetry indicated reversible oxidation and reduction processes with tuning of HOMO-LUMO energy levels. Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells using poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as the electron donor with these new acceptors were used for fabrication. The best power conversion efficiencies (PCE) using 1:2 donor-acceptor by weight mixture were 1% under simulated AM 1.5 solar irradiation of 100 mW cm-2. These findings suggested that a DPP core functionalized with electron accepting end-capping groups were a promising new class of solution processable low bandgap n-type organic semiconductors for organic solar cell applications.
Mesoporous CexCo1−xCr2O4 spinels: synthesis, characterization and catalytic application in simultaneous removal of soot particulate and NO

Cerium-doped mesoporous spinel-type catalysts were prepared via a solution combustion synthesis method and were investigated for the catalytic combustion of soot and NO. Characterization studies using BET, XRD, SEM, TEM and catalytic activity tests confirmed that these catalysts effectively and simultaneously removed soot and NO, which are the two prevalent pollutants in diesel exhaust in the temperature range of 200–600 °C. The results from the characterization indicated that the deformation of a spinel structure might occur in the process of cerium substitution. This deformation would increase the oxygen mobility and affect the catalytic performance of cerium modified spinel-type catalysts.
ANTHOCYANIN-RICH SWEET POTATO (IPOMOEA BATATAS L.) BEER: TECHNOLOGY, BIOCHEMICAL AND SENSORY EVALUATION

The global consumption of beer is increasing and consumers are interested in varieties rather than the only traditional beer prepared from malted barley; hence, it is necessary to search for unique potential substrates for beer production. The current study focuses on the preparation technology and the biochemical and sensory characteristics of beer samples by using purple sweet potato (PSP) (Ipomoea batatas L.) flakes as ingredient. Anthocyanin-rich beer was developed by fermenting a combination of PSP flakes and grist (crushed malt) prepared from barley through Saccharomyces cerevisiae without altering the originality of beer preparation. Among the beer samples (prepared from 0, 30, 50 and 100% PSP flakes as adjunct), the beer prepared from 30% PSP flakes + 70% grist was the best as recommended by the sensory panelists, followed by the beer prepared from 50% PSP flakes + 50% grist. The beer prepared with 30% PSP flakes had the following compositions: total soluble solids, 3.57 °Brix; starch, 0.77 g/100 mL; total sugar, 6.93 g/100 mL; specific gravity, 1.02; pH, 3.05; titratable acidity, 0.76 g tartaric acid/100 mL; lactic acid, 0.10 mg/100 mL; phenol, 0.21 mg/mL; anthocyanin, 5.10 mg/100 mL; ethanol, 3.77% (v/v) and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activity, 6.31% at a dose of 250 μg/mL. Strong loading of anthocyanin pigment (+ve), phenol (+ve) and the DPPH scavenging activity (+ve) on PC1 signifies the health attributes of the beverages. Practical Applications Anthocyanin-rich sweet potato beer is a novel product that beholds antioxidative properties, unique purple color and low alcohol content (3.77%). The product is well accepted by the sensory panelists. The technology will provide pathway to use sweet potato as ingredient for beer making in large scale. The cheaper cost of sweet potatoes and the simpler technology will attract the brewers to adopt the technology, which can help in the socioeconomic upliftment of several tribal communities of Asia and Africa as they depend on sweet potato cultivation for their livelihood.