Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Treating mitochondrial myopathy : can we boost oxidative phosphorylation activities by enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis?

In clinical practice today, only symptomatic therapeutic approaches are available to patients with mitochondrial myopathies. A possible innovative strategy to ameliorate oxidative phosphorylation deficiency would be to increase the mitochondrial load of the patient’s muscle tissue. Some of the most promising stimulators of mitochondrial biogenesis: resveratrol, quercitin, catechins and fibrates, are evaluated in this review. Results so far are promising, but there is need to determine if sufficient mitochondrial proliferation can be achieved to normalize OXPHOS function in patients with mitochondrial myopathy.
Variable Structure Control of a Small Ducted Wind Turbine in the Whole Wind Speed Range Using a Luenberger Observer

This paper proposes a new variable structure control scheme for a variable-speed, fixed-pitch ducted wind turbine, equipped with an annular, brushless permanent-magnet synchronous generator, considering a back-to-back power converter topology. The purpose of this control scheme is to maximise the aerodynamic power over the entire wind speed range, considering the mechanical safety limits of the ducted wind turbine. The ideal power characteristics are achieved with the design of control laws aimed at performing the maximum power point tracking control in the low wind speeds region, and the constant speed, power, and torque control in the high wind speed region. The designed control laws utilize a Luenberger observer for the estimation of the aerodynamic torque and a shallow neural network for wind speed estimation. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified through tests in a laboratory setup. Moreover, a comparison with other solutions from the literature allowed us to better evaluate the performances achieved and to highlight the originality of the proposed control scheme.
Influence of Environmental Factors on Photosynthesis of Three Coniferous Species

The effect of five ecological factors (incident radiation, air and soil temperature, vapour pressure deficit (D), and soil moisture) on the net CO2 photosynthesis rate was examined for three boreal tree species – Siberian larch (Larix sibirica), Sibirian spruce (Picea obovata), and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) from the Baikal lake region, by means of a coupled photosynthesis–stomatal conductance model. The model was parametrized on the data obtained from 5–year long field measurements made on sun needles of three 14–19 year-old trees of each species. Pine had the greatest photosynthesis rate while spruce had the lowest one. There were 9 free model parameters in total fitted on the whole data set that gave the model efficiency ME = 0.46–0.66. For single years and three intra–year time intervals, parameter fitting was made for three key parameters only: maximum Rubisco activity, Vcmax25, maximum stomatal conductance, max sw g , and quantum efficiency of photosynthesis, φ; this procedure raised fitting quality to ME = 0.61–0.72. Original Research Article Suvorova et al.; ARRB, 12(3): 1-14, 2017; Article no.ARRB. 31526 2 Photosynthesis rate varies due to current weather conditions and also due to long-term changes in the plant itself, that is in the parameters that determine the photosynthesis rate. The change of parameter values with time probably takes place due to between– and within–year weather change. Under actual weather conditions in Pre-Baikalia, larch realises 49%, spruce – 30%, аnd pine – 36% of their maximum photosynthesis rate ability. Soil moisture significantly affected Vcmax25 for larch and spruce, while for larch it was vapour pressure deficit (D) that most affected the value of Vcmax25. The coefficient of stomatal limitation of photosynthesis, Ls, offered by Sharkey, showed that stomatal regulation is maximal for pine, and minimal for larch.
Group B Streptococcus Recto-Vaginal Colonization in Near-Term Pregnant Women, Southwest Ethiopia

Background Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is recognized as an important cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Maternal vaginal carriage of GBS (Streptococcus agalactiae) can lead to vertical transmission to the neonate at the time of delivery. However, little is known about its prevalence, predictors and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in Jimma, Ethiopia. This study assessed the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and determinants of GBS recto-vaginal colonization among near-term pregnant women. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to August 2015 at Jimma University Medical Centre in Southwest Ethiopia. Data through questionnaire and GBS isolates from vaginal and rectal swabs were collected. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed. Results The overall prevalence of GBS colonization among near term pregnant women (35–37 weeks) was 16.3% (22/135). The majority of GBS isolates were sensitive to Ampicillin and Penicillin G with 95.5% and 90.1%, respectively. Erythromycin and clindamycin were resisted by 50% and 40.9% of the isolates, respectively, whereas gentamicin was resisted by all isolates. GBS colonization was significantly associated with a history of preterm delivery (PTD) (AOR: 6.3, 95% CI: 1.42, 28.3) and history of urinary tract infection (UTI) during current pregnancy (AOR: 6.4, 95% CI, 1.95, 21.1). Conclusion Our study indicated that one among six near-term pregnant women had recto-vaginal GBS colonization. In places where universal screening is not feasible, selective screening for factors particularly history of PTD and UTI during current pregnancy may be a reasonable option. Antibiotic susceptibility testing should be performed while using Erythromycin, Clindamycin or Gentamicin.
Surface defect detection of machined parts based on machining texture direction

Compared with detecting the regular texture of fabrics and prints, the detection of the processed texture on the surface of mechanical parts is more difficult. To quickly and accurately detect defects caused by abnormal machining of the surface of metal parts, a one-shot machine-vision method based on a texture orientation histogram is proposed. An improved Mean-C local threshold method is proposed to solve the problem of difficulty in extracting surface texture. Using the minimum enclosing rectangle, the skeleton texture is extracted from the enhanced image obtained by the improved Mean-C local threshold. The statistical information from the histogram is used to pre-process the texture direction, and then a novel angle region growth method proposed in this paper is used to search the main texture cluster and the abnormal texture cluster of the part, so as to realize the product quality detection. Experimental results show that this method is highly targeted for the detection of surface texture defects caused by abnormal processing, which is equivalent to the average performance of a multi-angle illumination detection system, but much faster. This detection method has high detection efficiency, high accuracy, and strong robustness, and can meet the requirements of industrial detection.
Exclusive Breastfeeding Duration to Six Months: A Literature Review of Factors and Barriers from 2010 to 2020

Background: In the form of mothers’ talent, the most imperative food for infants is human milk. Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended by World Health Organization during the first six months of life with well-established benefits to the mother and child.Aim: The aim of this study was to develop a midwifery and physician as health care-givers to prolong breastfeeding.Methods: Studies published between 2010 and 2020 were reviewed. An online literature search was carried out between January and July 2020; articles were gathered from Maternity and Infant Care, PsychINFO, CINAHL, Medline, PubMed, Google and Cochrane Database of systematic reviews as well as from references in published research and reviews. The search plan included the following keywords: breastfeeding, exclusive, initiation, factors, preterm, kangaroo care, education, partner, intention, social support, confidence, self-efficacy and extending the duration of paid maternity leave.Results: Adjustable factors and barriers that influence women’s exclusive breastfeeding duration to six months are breastfeeding intention, breastfeeding self-efficacy, maternal age, maternal occupation, parent's educational level, social-economic status, insufficient milk supply, infant health problems, preterm baby, parity, mode of delivery and other related factors.Conclusion: Based on the currently available information, there are many adjustable factors and barriers that are associated with exclusive breastfeeding duration to six months such as the woman’s breast feeding intention, breast feeding self-efficacy and social support.Recommendations: Enlightenment campaign about exclusive breastfeeding benefits should be done to pregnant women. Breastfeeding counseling from midwives and health care givers to pregnant women during antenatal care should be centered on solving problems associated with BF.
Classification of confectionary sunflower genotypes based on morphological characters

SUMMARY Knowledge of genetic diversity of confectionary sunflower can have a large impact on its use in breeding programmes. However, levels and distribution of genetic variation within the confectionary sunflower gene pool are still not adequately explored. The aim of the present paper was to describe the diversity of 68 confectionary sunflower genotypes: open-pollinated varieties, lines and hybrids. A total of 32 morphological traits were used for characterization. The Shannon & Weaver diversity index (H) was estimated as a measure of morphological diversity. The mean value of the Shannon index was 0·71, which indicates a high morphological diversity. The lowest diversity was found for leaf descriptors, moderately high to high for seed traits, while the highest values were found for disc flowers and ray florets. The highest individual descriptor diversity was found for: head attitude, the angle of leaf lateral nerves and ray floret disposition. The homogeneity analysis (HOMALS) multivariate reduction technique for nominal categorical data proved to be an efficient method for a comprehensive overview of genotype diversity and group homogeneity. Besides diversity, the number of categories and uniformity of genotype distribution determines discriminative power of descriptors. Traits that contributed the most to the distinction of genotypes were identified, enabling differentiation of genotypes with similar phenotypic attributes. The highest discriminative power was observed in traits such as anthocyanin colouration of stigma (DFIA), seed colour of stripes and seed main colour. The genotypes tested formed two distinctive major groups of varieties and hybrids with inbred lines widely dispersed along both axes. A separate grouping was obtained per the most discriminative traits based on HOMALS analysis, while the best separation was obtained using DFIA. Isolated genotypes that may not be representative by yield or seed-specific traits can be useful sources of traits for breeding. Morphological characterization can be used to improve description and classification of confectionary sunflower germplasm when evaluating diversity.
Caña de azúcar vs manejo sostenible de recursos naturales en el Norte Paceño

El ingenio azucarero de San Buenaventura fue implementado en el norte de La Paz, sin una fase de evaluacion profunda de costos y beneficios, del cambio de uso del suelo de bosque tropical a cana de azucar. El objetivo de este ensayo es evaluar los costos y beneficios economicos de otras formas de uso del suelo en esa region, ademas de consideraciones ecologicas. Para ello utilizamos estimaciones basadas en literatura y aplicadas a una superficie de 10.000 ha, similar a la destinada para el ingenio de San Buenaventura. Concluimos que el cultivo de cana de azucar es una actividad economica menos atractiva que actividades ecologicamente mas sustentables, como la caceria de subsistencia, el manejo forestal y el manejo agroforestal, la cuales podrian ser mas rentables en el corto y largo plazo,
Penerapan Terapi Relaksasi Otot Progresif Dalam Menurunkan Skala Nyeri Sendi Lansia

Kurang aktifitas fisik merupakan faktor risiko timbulnya berbagai penyakit pada populasi lansia. Proses menua akan menimbulkan masalah gangguan pada fungsi muskuluskeletal yang sering muncul yaitu nyeri pada sendi yang membuat para lansia mengalami ganguan dalam aktivitasnya. Salah satu tindakan keperawatan yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi nyeri sendi menggunakan teknik relaksasi otot progresif. Studi kasus ini menggunakan metode deskriptif. Sampel diambil dengan tehnik Convenience Sampling 2 lansia dan dikelola selama 3 hari dengan pemberian tindakan keperawatan berupa terapi relaksasi otot progresif dengan frekuensi 1 kali/hari selama 20 menit. Pengumpulan data menggunakan buku status PM, wawancara, observasi dan metode proses keperawatan. Alat untuk skala nyeri menggunakan Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Terdapat penurunan terapi relaksasi otot progresif pada tingkat skala nyeri lansia yang mengalami nyeri sendi kronis dengan menunjukan hasil dari skala nyeri sedang turun menjadi skala nyeri ringan. Terapi relaksasi otot progresif mampu menurunkan nyeri sendi yang dialami lansia.
Entomopathogenic fungi as endophytes: plant-endophyte-herbivore interactions and prospects for use in biological control.

It is now evident that entomopathogenic fungi are able to colonize plant tissues as symptomless endophytes. Although most data so far published in this regard refer to Beauveria bassiana as an endophytic fungus, two other entomopathogenic fungi, viz. Metarhizium anisopliae and Lecanicillium lecanii have also been shown to colonize plant tissues endophytically. Several recent studies have also shown reasonable detrimental effects on herbivorous insects feeding on plants harbouring these fungi as endophytes. However, data published so far are highly variable and not consistent with regard to the underlying mechanisms which would allow explaining these effects. Growth conditions, specific cultivar features, or interactions with other microorganisms may impact the effect of these endophytic entomopathogenic fungi on the herbivorous insects. Furthermore, other fungi may block the systemic growth of the fungi in plant parts distant to the point of inoculation. Other parameters which need to be taken into account for using these fungi as biocontrol agents are the level of mycotoxins produced in plants, the level of pest reduction and the nature of formulations allowing a consistent colonization of the crop plants. This review discusses these and other problems related to the use of entomopathogenic fungi as endophytic biocontrol agents.
La identidad como eje integrador de una marca ciudad

espanolUna marca ciudad debe ayudar a una metropoli a reposicionarse en diversos planos: cultural, social, economico, turistico, entre otros. La mayoria de las veces, estos planos tienen como funcion la proyeccion internacional; sin embargo, lo mas importante deberia conformarse desde una vision integradora e intercultural, constituyendose asi una marca ciudad que realmente traduzca la identidad con un objetivo desde y para sus ciudadanos; que muestre el corazon de la ciudad, y desde esta vision integradora, pueda entonces ser transferida a diversos campos e intereses. En este trabajo se analizan las aportaciones de dos equipos de trabajo en los que se plantearon proyectos para redisenar y posicionar a las ciudades para una vida mejor. Estableciendo el papel del diseno desde una vision integradora, con un papel transdiciplinar e intercultural que pueda ser capaz de enriquecer, en el mejor de los casos, el entorno urbano y la vida cotidiana de los ciudadanos. Y se considerara como las malas decisiones y fallidas implementaciones de estos proyectos se traducen en ciudades en descomposicion, sin identidad. Identidad que se muestra desfigurada, fragmentada y algunas veces, debil e incongruente con la riqueza cultural, caso de los paises latinoamericanos. EnglishA City Branding can contribute to a metropolis to reposition itself in diverse planes: cultural, social, economic, tourist, among others. Most of the time, these plans have international projection as their function. However, the most important thing should be that they conform from an integrating and intercultural vision, thus constituting a City Branding that really translates the identity with a goal from and for its citizens; That shows the heart of the city, and from this integrating vision, it could then be transferred to different fields and interests. This paper analyzes the contributions of various work teams in which projects are proposed to redesign and position cities for a better life. Establishing the role of design from an integrating perspective, with a transdiciplinary and intercultural role that can be able to enrich the urban environment and the daily life of citizens, at best. And they will also consider how bad decisions and failed implementations of these projects are translated into cities in decomposition and with an identity that is shown disfigured, fragmented and in many cases weak and incongruent with cultural wealth: case of some Latin American countries.
Polymerases specialized in damage tolerance and DNA double-strand break repair

In spite of the fact that all DNA polymerases catalyse the same chemical reaction, they all harbour unique properties that suit them to synthesize DNA as efficiently as possible in the different mechanisms in which they are involved. In this Doctoral Thesis we have studied the human DNA polymerases Polλ and Polμ and their ortholog in yeast Pol4, which are specialized in double-strand break (DSB) repair, and also PrimPol, a human DNA primase/polymerase specialized in damage tolerance. In this work we have attempted to further understand the function of these DNA polymerases, the structural bases of their adaptation to those functions and the regulation of their activity. Pol4 is the only member of the family X of DNA polymerases (PolX) found in yeast, and it is named SpPol4 in S. pombe. In this work we show that the low sugar discrimination property of SpPol4 is relevant during the tolerance of the pre-mutagenic lesion 8oxodG. SpPol4 incorporates ATP, the most abundant ribonucleotide, preferably opposite 8oxodG, also during DSB repair. Although this activity leads to the generation of a base pair with both a sugar and base errors, it is not problematic since the ribonucleotide can be later repaired by the ribonucleotide excision repair mechanism, which we show to be coupled to the incorporation of the correct nucleotide, dCTP, opposite 8oxodG. Using also yeast as model, we demonstrate that ScPol4, the only PolX in S. cerevisiae, is phosphorylated by the Tel1/ATM kinase in response to DNA damage. This evidence prompted us to evaluate the regulation by phosphorylation of its closest human ortholog, Polλ, and hence, we demonstrate, that Polλ is phosphorylated by DNA-PK, the kinase that regulates the non-homologous end joining pathway (NHEJ), modulating its activity by stimulating the interaction with Ku80 in response to DNA damage. On the other hand, we have also characterized two tumour variants of the other human PolX specialized in NHEJ, Polμ, and we demonstrate that both tumour variants decrease the efficiency and fidelity of Polμ by diminishing its template dependence during NHEJ in vitro. Finally, we have gained further insight into the properties of PrimPol by demonstrating that it is endowed with the ability to transpolymerize across discontinuous templates, even when the primer and template have no complementarity. We also show how the metal cofactors Mg2+ and Mn2+ modulate the previously described translesion properties of PrimPol, providing a good balance between fidelity and efficiency, although we suggest that its active site is adapted to use Mn2+ with maximum efficiency.
A study of land subsidence problems by ALPRIFT for vulnerability indexing and risk indexing and treating subjectivity by strategy at two levels

Land subsidence in response to declining water table at plains under sparse data is investigated using ALPRIFT, introduced recently by the authors at the stage of its proof-of-concept. ALPRIFT is a framework, which pools consensually together seven general-purpose data layers with a scoring system of prescribed rates accounting for local variations and prescribed weights accounting for their relative importance. It is a subsidence vulnerability indexing (SVI) approach, which estimates relative values and is subject to inherent subjectivities. The paper treats the transformation of SVI into a risk indexing (RI) capability through a scheme, in which ALPRIFT breaks down into ALRIF, characterising passive local effects and into water-driven PT, characterising active system-wide effects. The addition of passive and active processes renders total vulnerability but their products render a measure of risk index. A modelling strategy is formulated for SVI and RI at two levels to treat inherent subjectivities and involves data fusion by using catastrophe theory. The strategy is applied to an aquifer subject to decline in water table at the coast of Lake Urmia, with sparse data. The results provide evidence for the proof-of-concept on SVI and RI using ROC/AUC performance metrics.
Role of inorganic nanoparticle degradation in cancer therapy

Nanomaterials are currently widely exploited for their potential in the development of novel cancer therapies, and so far, mainly nanoparticles (NPs) consisting of liposomes and polymers have made their way into the clinic. However, major bottlenecks for the clinical translation of other types of NPs (i.e. inorganic) are the lack of knowledge concerning their long-term distribution in vivo and their potential toxicity. To counter this, various research groups have worked on soluble NPs, such as zinc oxide (ZnO), copper oxide (CuO), and silver (Ag), which tend to dissolve spontaneously into their ionic form, releasing toxic metal ions and leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation when exposed to cellular environments. By fine-tuning the dissolution kinetics of these NPs, it is possible to control the level of ROS production and thus cytotoxicity to selectively destroy tumor tissue. Specifically, cancer cells tend to exhibit a higher basal level of oxidative stress compared to normal cells due to their higher metabolic rates, and therefore, by engineering NPs that generate sufficient ROS that barely exceed toxic thresholds in cancer cells, normal cells will only experience reversible transient damage. This review focuses on the use of these soluble inorganic NPs for selective cancer therapy and on the various in vitro and in vivo studies that have aimed to control the dissolution kinetics of these NPs, either through particle doping or surface modifications.
THE ISPRS BENCHMARK ON INDOOR MODELLING – PRELIMINARY RESULTS

Abstract. Automated 3D reconstruction of indoor environments from point clouds has been a topic of intensive research in recent years. Different methods developed for the generation of 3D indoor models have achieved promising results on different case studies. However, a comprehensive evaluation and comparison of the performance of these methods has not been available. This paper presents the preliminary results of the ISPRS benchmark on indoor modelling, an initiative of Working Group IV/5 to benchmark the performance of indoor modelling methods using a public dataset and a comprehensive evaluation framework. The performances of the different methods are compared through geometric quality evaluation of the reconstructed models in terms of completeness, correctness, and accuracy of wall elements. The results show that the reconstruction methods generally achieve high completeness but lower correctness for the reconstructed models while accuracies range from 0.5 cm to 6.7 cm.