Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in women in midlife.

OBJECTIVE In this study, we examined developmentally appropriate factors that may be associated with body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in women in midlife. METHOD Participants were a community sample of 200 women aged 35-65. Outcome measures were the weight concern, shape concern, eating concern, and restraint subscales of the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q). Independent variables were importance of appearance, importance of function, cognitive reappraisal (of aging changes to appearance), and body-related self-care. RESULTS Importance of appearance, self-care, and body mass index (BMI) accounted for variance in regression modeling for all EDE-Q variables. In addition, cognitive reappraisal was related to shape concern and restraint, and importance of function and age were also associated with restraint. Participants identified as probable eating disorder cases had significantly higher BMI, importance of appearance and function, and significantly lower cognitive reappraisal and self-care scores than participants identified as noncases. DISCUSSION This study provides support for the role of developmentally relevant factors in body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in midlife women.
Risk Factors and Outcome of Changes in Adrenal Response to ACTH in the Course of Critical Illness

Background. To evaluate the concept of critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI) by studying the clinical significance, in terms of risk factors and outcome, of changes in the cortisol response to repeated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) testing in the course of critical illness. Patients and Methods. In a retrospective study in a medical–surgical intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital, we retrospectively included 54 consecutive patients during a 3-year period, who underwent 2 conventional 250 μg ACTH tests at an interval >24 hours, because of ≥6 hours hypotension requiring repeated fluid challenges or vasopressor/inotropic treatment, while corticosteroid treatment was not (yet) initiated. Serum cortisol was measured immediately before and 30 and 60 minutes after intravenous injection of 250 μg of ACTH. Patients were divided into those with an increase (≥0, n = 27) or a decrease (n = 27) in time in delta (Δ) cortisol in response to ACTH and with a Δcortisol <100 (n = 11) and ≥100 nmol/L (n = 43) at the second ACTH test. Results. Changes in Δcortisol in time were paralleled by changes in Δcortisol/albumin, with a higher frequency of septic shock, persistently high disease severity, increased renal replacement therapy, and decreased platelet counts in the course of disease with a decrease in Δcortisol in time. Similar trends in increased disease severity were observed when Δcortisol remained or fell to <100 nmol/L. A decrease in Δcortisol between the 2 tests, particularly to <100 nmol/L, was associated with increased mortality (18 nonsurvivors in the ICU). Conclusions. The findings favor the concept of dynamic adrenal function rather than poor reproducibility of the ACTH test, so that development of CIRCI, particularly in complicated septic shock and indicated by a fall in Δcortisol (to <100 nmol/L) upon ACTH, correlates to a poor prognosis, independently of baseline cortisol, cortisol binding in blood, and disease severity.
Méthode de raffinement local adaptatif multi-niveaux pour la fissuration des matériaux hétérogènes

Afin d'anticiper les effets du vieillissement des enceintes de confinement des centrales electronucleaires, l'IRSN effectue des recherches avancees sur le vieillissement du beton. Les problematiques de fissuration liees au vieillissement sont abordees a l'aide d'une methode micromecanique basee sur des Modeles de Zones Cohesives Frottantes et a l'aide de la methode d' > basee sur des considerations energetiques. L'objectif de la these est de reduire les temps de calcul lies a ces deux approches, tout en conservant une bonne precision dans les zones d'interet, en adaptant la discretisation en espace a l'aide de techniques de raffinement local adaptatif. La methode de raffinement retenue est la methode CHARMS (Conforming Hierarchical Adaptive Refinement Methods). Cette methode, basee sur le raffinement des fonctions de base, permet un raffinement sans degradation de la qualite des mailles initiales. En particulier, les non conformites geometriques sont naturellement prises en compte. Initialement appliquee a la Mecanique des Fluides, cette methode est d'abord etendue a la Mecanique des Milieux De-formables en proposant un critere de raffinement general, puis elle est appliquee a la methode d' > et aux Modeles de Zones Cohesives. Enfin, l'influence de la morphologie des inclusions d'un Volume Elementaire Representatif de beton numerique sur le comportement apparent et sur la fissuration est etudiee.
Influence of Antibiotic Use in Early Childhood on Asthma and Allergic Diseases at Age 5

K Yamamoto-Hanada, L Yang, M Narita, H Saito, Y Ohya. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2017;119(1):54–58 With the ever-increasing prevalence and burden of allergic disease on health care, the authors of this study aimed to investigate the role of early antibiotic use in childhood and development of allergic disease at 5 years of age. Children from Tokyo, Japan, recruited at the first maternal antenatal visit and managed until 5 years of age. The conductors of a hospital-based, prospective birth cohort study titled the Tokyo Children’s Health, Illness and Development study recruited 1701 pregnant women from 2003 through 2005. From recruitment, a cohort of 1550 newborns was included from March 2004 to August 2006. Pregnancies involving multiple births were …
Brain imaging in the context of food perception and eating

Purpose of review Eating behavior depends heavily on brain function. In recent years, brain imaging has proved to be a powerful tool to elucidate brain function and brain structure in the context of eating. In this review, we summarize recent findings in the fast growing body of literature in the field and provide an overview of technical aspects as well as the basic brain mechanisms identified with imaging. Furthermore, we highlight findings linking neural processing of eating-related stimuli with obesity. Recent findings The consumption of food is based on a complex interplay between homeostatic and hedonic mechanisms. Several hormones influence brain activity to regulate food intake and interact with the brain's reward circuitry, which is partly mediated by dopamine signaling. Additionally, it was shown that food stimuli trigger cognitive control mechanisms that incorporate internal goals into food choice. The brain mechanisms observed in this context are strongly influenced by genetic factors, sex and personality traits. Summary Overall, a complex picture arises from brain-imaging findings, because a multitude of factors influence human food choice. Although several key mechanisms have been identified, there is no comprehensive model that is able to explain the behavioral observations to date. Especially a careful characterization of patients according to genotypes and phenotypes could help to better understand the current and future findings in neuroimaging studies.
Impact of large chromosomal inversions on the adaptation and evolution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa chronically colonizing cystic fibrosis lungs

Pseudomonas aeruginosa chronically colonizing the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients undergoes fast evolution leading to clonal divergence. More than half of the genotypes of P. aeruginosa clone C isolates exclusively from CF lung infection exhibit large chromosomal inversions (LCIs). To analyse the impact of LCIs, as a novel mechanism of bacterial adaptation, the underlying molecular mechanism was examined. Analysis of inversion breakpoints suggested an IS6100‐induced coupled insertion‐inversion mechanism. A selective advantage was created by insertion of IS6100 into wbpM, pilB and mutS which leads to common CF phenotypes such as O‐antigen and type IV pili deficiency and hypermutability. Speciation in bacteria is accompanied by LCIs. Therefore adaptation by LCIs that allows persistence of P. aeruginosa in the CF lung and species diversification in that new ecological niche can serve as a model for bacterial genome evolution.
Internet Message Format

This standard specifies a syntax for text messages that are sent between computer users, within the framework of "electronic mail" messages. This standard supersedes the one specified in Request For Comments (RFC) 822, "Standard for the Format of ARPA Internet Text Messages", updating it to reflect current practice and incorporating incremental changes that were specified in other RFCs.
Recombinant Measles Viruses with Mutations in the C, V, or F Gene Have Altered Growth Phenotypes In Vivo

ABSTRACT An understanding of the determinants of measles virus (MV) virulence has been hampered by the lack of an experimental model of infection. We have previously demonstrated that virulence phenotypes in human infections are faithfully reproduced by infection of human thymus/liver (thy/liv) implants engrafted into SCID mice, where the virus grows primarily in stromal cells but induces thymocyte apoptosis (P. G. Auwaerter et al., J. Virol. 70:3734–3740, 1996). To begin to elucidate the roles of the C protein, V protein, and the 5′ untranslated region of the F gene (F 5′UTR) in MV infection in vivo, the replication of strains bearing mutations of these genes was compared to that of the parent sequence-tagged Edmonston strain (EdTag). Growth curves show that mutants fall into two phenotypic classes. One class of mutants demonstrated kinetics of growth similar to that of EdTag, with decreased peak titers. The second class of mutants manifested peak titers similar to that of EdTag but had different replication kinetics. Abrogation of V expression led to delayed and markedly prolonged replication. Additionally, thymocyte survival was prolonged and implant architecture was preserved throughout the course of infection. In contrast, massive bystander thymocyte death occurred after infection with EdTag and all other mutants. A mutant which overexpressed V in Vero cells (V+) had the opposite phenotype of the A mutant not expressing V (V−). V+ grew more rapidly than EdTag with 100-fold-greater levels of virus production 3 days after infection. These results suggest that C, V, and the F 5′UTR are accessory factors required for efficient virus replication in vivo. In addition, thymocyte survival after V− infection suggests this protein may play multiple roles in pathogenesis of MV infection of thymus. Since these recombinant mutant viruses grew identically to the parent virus in Vero cells, the data show that thy/liv implants are an excellent model for investigating the determinants of MV virulence.
Politecnico di Torino Porto Institutional Repository [ Proceeding ] TUCAN : Twitter User Centric ANalyzer

Twitter has attracted millions of users that generate a humongous flow of information at constant pace. The research community has thus started proposing tools to extract meaningful information from tweets. In this paper, we take a different angle from the mainstream of previous work: we explicitly target the analysis of the timeline of tweets from “single users”. We define a framework named TUCAN to compare information offered by the target users over time, and to pinpoint recurrent topics or topics of interest. First, tweets belonging to the same time window are aggregated into “bird songs”. Several filtering procedures can be selected to remove stop-words and reduce noise. Then, each pair of bird songs is compared using a similarity score to automatically highlight the most common terms, thus highlighting recurrent or persistent topics. TUCAN can be naturally applied to compare bird song pairs generated from timelines of different users. By showing actual results for both public profiles and anonymous users, we show how TUCAN is useful to highlight meaningful information from a target user’s Twitter timeline.
Population genomic signatures of divergent adaptation, gene flow and hybrid speciation in the rapid radiation of Lake Victoria cichlid fishes

Adaptive radiations are an important source of biodiversity and are often characterized by many speciation events in very short succession. It has been proposed that the high speciation rates in these radiations may be fuelled by novel genetic combinations produced in episodes of hybridization among the young species. The role of such hybridization events in the evolutionary history of a group can be investigated by comparing the genealogical relationships inferred from different subsets of loci, but such studies have thus far often been hampered by shallow genetic divergences, especially in young adaptive radiations, and the lack of genome‐scale molecular data. Here, we use a genome‐wide sampling of SNPs identified within restriction site–associated DNA (RAD) tags to investigate the genomic consistency of patterns of shared ancestry and adaptive divergence among five sympatric cichlid species of two genera, Pundamilia and Mbipia, which form part of the massive adaptive radiation of cichlids in the East African Lake Victoria. Species pairs differ along several axes: male nuptial colouration, feeding ecology, depth distribution, as well as the morphological traits that distinguish the two genera and more subtle morphological differences. Using outlier scan approaches, we identify signals of divergent selection between all species pairs with a number of loci showing parallel patterns in replicated contrasts either between genera or between male colour types. We then create SNP subsets that we expect to be characterized to different extents by selection history and neutral processes and describe phylogenetic and population genetic patterns across these subsets. These analyses reveal very different evolutionary histories for different regions of the genome. To explain these results, we propose at least two intergeneric hybridization events (between Mbipia spp. and Pundamilia spp.) in the evolutionary history of these five species that would have lead to the evolution of novel trait combinations and new species.
Working with the electricity industry in times of rapid change - a telecomms user's experience

The public electricity supply industry in the United Kingdom has been undergoing a period of unprecedented change. Before 1990 the industry was wholly in state hands but since then the industry has been almost entirely privatised and there has been intense activity on the merger and takeover front, with most of the industry now owned by nonUK companies. This has produced a challenging environment for large users of electricity such as British Telecommunications. As one of the largest users of electricity within the UK, it is heavily dependent upon the cooperation of the electricity industry in order to be able to deliver new telecommunications services and meet its own regulatory obligations. A particular problem area is in the provision of new or upgraded electricity supplies to its buildings, where it frequently encounters long delays. The new structure of the industry has also afforded opportunities to large users to save money. One such opportunity is triad avoidance, where money can be saved by deliberately running standby generators to support BT's own load, and thereby take pressure off the national grid system at times of high demand. At BT's largest sites, it is cost effective to run the generators manually, although a new web-based remote access system is being deployed which makes it possible to run these sites remotely. At BT's other sites, it is continuing to deploy a remote alarm and control system which enables remote running of generators, both for routine and triad avoidance running. This paper expands on these and other opportunities and problems encountered in BT's dealings with the UK electricity industry.
Prenatal effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants, serotonin transporter promoter genotype (SLC6A4), and maternal mood on child behavior at 3 years of age.

OBJECTIVES To investigate whether prenatal selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant exposure affects behavior in 3-year-olds of antenatally anxious or depressed mothers and whether risk was moderated by the serotonin transporter promoter (SLC6A4) genotype. DESIGN Prospective longitudinal cohort design. SETTING Vancouver. PARTICIPANTS Mothers and their 3-year-old children (n = 33 SSRI exposed and n = 42 nonexposed). Main Exposures Prenatal exposure to SSRI antidepressants and prenatal and postnatal maternal mood disturbances. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Parent report of child behavior (Child Behavior Checklist, ages 1.5-5 years) and the child SLC6A4 genotype. The covariates used were maternal mood during the third trimester, 3 months postpartum, and at the 3-year follow-up study and the child's 5-minute Apgar score. RESULTS Prenatal exposure to both maternal depressed mood and SSRI antidepressants were associated with increased internalizing behaviors during early childhood, whereas current maternal mood increased risk for externalizing behaviors. Increased child anxiety and depression symptoms were predicted by higher third-trimester maternal anxiety only in children with 2 short S alleles. In contrast, increased aggression and externalizing behaviors were predicted by third-trimester maternal anxiety only in children with 2 copies of the L allele. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to prenatal SSRIs and maternal mood had distinct effects on child behavior at 3 years of age, reflected in an increased level of internalizing behaviors. The impact of antenatal maternal anxiety on child mood was moderated by the child SLC6A4 genotype. Despite SSRI treatment for prenatal maternal mood disturbances, childhood behavior at 3 years of age remained at risk.
Ancient lineages in the genome: A response to Fagundes et al.

To the Editor: In their recent report (1), Fagundes et al. support a model of human evolution in which anatomically modern humans completely replace all local archaic populations of the genus Homo . Fagundes et al. assert that regions of the human genome showing ancient ancestry are not unexpected under their “African replacement” … †To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: dgarrigan{at}oeb.harvard. edu
Release of biologically active CD154 during collection and storage of platelet concentrates prepared for transfusion

Summary. Background: Millions of platelet transfusions are given each year. Transfusion reactions occur in as many as 30% of patients receiving unmodified platelet transfusions. The cause of some transfusion reactions remains unclear. The current paradigm suggests that platelet concentrates (PC) contain proinflammatory mediators that are released by white blood cells during collection, processing and storage. CD154 (CD40 ligand, CD40L) is a potent inflammatory mediator, normally sequestered inside the resting platelet, that is known to translocate to the platelet membrane and be shed into plasma in response to agonist activation. We hypothesized that platelet‐soluble CD154 (sCD154) is ‘spontaneously’ released by transfused platelets and plays a major role in transfusion reactions.
Outbreak of nosocomial infections with two different MRSA-strains involved: significance of genomic DNA fragment patterns in strains otherwise difficult to type

Summary Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from an outbreak of 17 cases of wound infection in a municipal hospital were typed by conventional methods, phage typing by three sets of phages, reverse phage typing and plasmid profiles, as well as by genomic DNA fragment patterns obtained after Sma-I digestion and pulsed-field electrophoresis. These isolates were non-typable by phages, only some were typable by reverse phage typing and were not uniform in plasmid profile. Only the genomic DNA fragment patterns resulted in a clear discrimination of 2 strains (12 isolates for the first and 7 isolates for the second). Both strains were disseminated in different wards of the same hospital and one strain had obviously spread to another clinic in the same city.
Magnesium Metabolism: A Review

The main literature concerning the physiology and biochemistry as well as the pathophysiology and pathobiochemistry of magnesium is reviewed, including: Distribution and physico-chemical state of magnesium in the extracellular and intracellular fluid as well as in the subcellular organelles (membranes, mitochondria, microsomes, ribosomes). Intestinal resorption, transport across membranes and excretion by the kidney. Hormonal regulation of magnesium distribution and its clinical disturbances. Biochemical mechanism and the clinical effects of hypo- and hypermagnesemia.
Acetylcysteine did not reduce kidney injury in at-risk patients having vascular angiography

Outcomes: CI-AKI (25% increase in serum creatinine level at 48 to 96 h after angiography), composite endpoint of death or need for dialysis, components of the composite endpoint, cardiovascular (CV) death, and adverse events. 2300 patients were needed to detect a 30% relative risk reduction from 15% in CI-AKI at 48 to 96 hours (90% power, 2-tailed α = 0.05). Patient follow-up: > 98% (intention-to-treat analysis).
The postpartum induced corpus luteum: functional differences from that of cycling cows and the effects of progesterone pretreatment.

Anestrous postpartum (PP) Hereford cows (n = 41) were used to compare corpora lutea (CL) from gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-induced ovulation with CL from cycling cows. Postpartum cows were injected i.m. daily with 100 mg progesterone (P4) or oil on Days 25 through 28 PP and then given 200 micrograms GnRH i.m. on Day 30 PP. Corpora lutea were removed from one-half of the PP cows in the oil- and P4-treated groups 6.5 days after GnRH injection, and from the cycling cows 7 days after estrus. Intact PP cows were used to evaluate cycle length. Blood was collected daily from all PP cows from Day 25 PP through luteectomy and on Days 9, 11, and 13 post-GnRH from the oil- and P4-intact cows to determine short (SHORT) versus normal (NORM) luteal phases. Cycling cows were bled daily from estrus until CL removal NORM PP cows had higher (P less than 0.001) P4 levels than did SHORT PP cows from Day 7 through Day 13 post-GnRH, and more (P less than 0.05) P4-intact cows were NORM compared with oil-intact cows (45.5% vs. 14.3%, respectively). Corpora lutea from cycling cows were heavier (P less than 0.05) and had a higher luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor concentration (P less than 0.05), but CL P4 concentration did not differ from PP cows. Corpora lutea weight, LH receptor and P4 concentration, and in vitro P4 production were similar in the oil-and P4-treated PP cows. NORM cows had heavier CL (P less than 0.05) than SHORT cows, although P4 content and LH receptor concentration did not differ. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Women's Care-Seeking Experiences After Referral for Postpartum Depression

This qualitative descriptive study explored women's care-seeking experiences after referral for postpartum depression. Interviews with 18 participants revealed individual-, social network—, and health system—related factors that hindered and facilitated care seeking. Women's normalizing of symptoms, limited understanding of postpartum depression, waiting for symptom improvement, discomfort discussing mental health concerns, and fears deterred care seeking; symptom awareness and not feeling like oneself were facilitating influences. Family and friends sometimes hindered care seeking because they, too, normalized symptoms or had limited understanding of postpartum depression. Care seeking was facilitated when women encouraged a health professional visit or expressed worry and concern. Health system barriers included normalizing of symptoms, offering of unacceptable interventions, and disconnected care pathways. Care seeking was facilitated by having established and supportive relationships, outreach and follow-up, legitimization of postpartum depression, and timeliness of care. These findings can be used to guide clinical practice and service provision.