Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Model predictive control of a current source inverter together with its current source

Over the past years a great amount of research has been done to interconnect different energy sources with the power grid or different types of loads. Current source inverters have proved to be a good option due to its high reliability, fault tolerant capabilities, quasi soft switching and the use of lower capacitor values among others. Most of the current source inverters topologies have a current source as input, which could be implemented with a buck converter, and they are controlled with cascaded linear control (usually PI controller), rotating frame coordinate transformation and a modulation stage. In this paper a predictive control strategy of a current source inverter together with its associated current source is presented. This strategy allows to track not only the output voltages at the load but also the current source within a single controller. The control algorithm makes use of a discrete time model of the whole system so as to predict its future behaviour for each one of the available switching combinations. Each one of the predicted values are used to minimize a set of predefined control goals within a multiple term cost function that includes cost associated with the commutation frequency and the reference tracking. Simulation results show a good behaviour and fast dynamics with a low switching frequency of all the switches involved. These characteristics make the proposed controller a suitable option to use with high power inverters.
Rainbow trout consume less oxygen in turbulence: the energetics of swimming behaviors at different speeds

SUMMARY Measuring the rate of consumption of oxygen () during swimming reveals the energetics of fish locomotion. We show that rainbow trout have substantially different oxygen requirements for station holding depending on which hydrodynamic microhabitats they choose to occupy around a cylinder. We used intermittent flow respirometry to show that an energetics hierarchy, whereby certain behaviors are more energetically costly than others, exists both across behaviors at a fixed flow velocity and across speeds for a single behavior. At 3.5 L s–1 (L is total body length) entraining has the lowest , followed by Kármán gaiting, bow waking and then free stream swimming. As flow speed increases the costs associated with a particular behavior around the cylinder changes in unexpected ways compared with free stream swimming. At times, actually decreases as flow velocity increases. Entraining demands the least oxygen at 1.8 L s–1 and 3.5 L s–1, whereas bow waking requires the least oxygen at 5.0 L s–1. Consequently, a behavior at one speed may have a similar cost to another behavior at another speed. We directly confirm that fish Kármán gaiting in a vortex street gain an energetic advantage from vortices beyond the benefit of swimming in a velocity deficit. We propose that the ability to exploit velocity gradients as well as stabilization costs shape the complex patterns of oxygen consumption for behaviors around cylinders. Measuring for station holding in turbulent flows advances our attempts to develop ecologically relevant approaches to evaluating fish swimming performance.
Is cystic echinoccocosis re-emerging in western Spain?

SUMMARY Cystic echinococcosis (CE) remains an important health problem in many areas of the world, including the Mediterranean region. We performed a retrospective study of cases reported from 1998 to 2012 in order to review and update the epidemiology of this disease in a highly endemic area situated in western Spain. A total of 471 patients were diagnosed with hydatid disease. Of these cases, 55·8% were male, with an average age of 62·3 ± 19·5 years. More importantly, 1·5% of patients were children, and 20·5% were aged <45 years. An active therapeutic approach was implemented for 92·6% of the CE patients with primary diagnoses; however, a ‘watch and wait’ strategy was used in 59·3% of all secondary CE diagnoses. The incidence rate of hydatid disease was significantly higher compared to the incidence described in the Notifiable Disease System in this area. Furthermore, a significant decrease in hydatid incidence during the years included in the study was observed (β = −0·4357, P < 0·001). CE incidence has diminished in recent years, although active transmission remains in paediatric cases. Additionally, CE incidence remains high in our region despite public health plans for its control. The documented incidence of CE disease clearly underestimates the real numbers.
Complementary domains of retinoic acid production and degradation in the early chick embryo.

Excess retinoids as well as retinoid deprivation cause abnormal development, suggesting that retinoid homeostasis is critical for proper morphogenesis. RALDH-2 and CYP26, two key enzymes that carry out retinoic acid (RA) synthesis and degradation, respectively, were cloned from the chick and show significant homology with their orthologs in other vertebrates. Expression patterns of RALDH-2 and CYP26 genes were determined in the early chick embryo by in situ hybridization. During gastrulation and neurulation RALDH-2 and CYP26 were expressed in nonoverlapping regions, with RALDH-2 transcripts localized to the presumptive presomitic and lateral plate mesoderm and CYP26 mRNA to the presumptive mid- and forebrain. The two domains of expression were separated by an approximately 300-micrometer-wide gap, encompassing the presumptive hindbrain. In the limb region, a similar spatial segregation of RALDH-2 and CYP26 expression was found at stages 14 and 15. Limb region mesoderm expressed RALDH-2, whereas the overlying limb ectoderm expressed CYP26. RA-synthesizing and -degrading enzymatic activities were measured biochemically in regions expressing RALDH-2 or CYP26. Regions expressing RALDH-2 generated RA efficiently from precursor retinal but degraded RA only inefficiently. Conversely, tissue expressing CYP26 efficiently degraded but did not synthesize RA. Localized regions of RA synthesis and degradation mediated by these two enzymes may therefore provide a mechanism to regulate RA homeostasis spatially in vertebrate embryos.
Is drowning a serious public health problem in Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China? – results from a retrospective population-based survey, 2004–2005

The aim of this study is to describe the characteristics of fatal drowning in Guangdong Province during the period 2004–2005. Twelve areas were randomly chosen by stratified cluster sampling, and a retrospective cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2006 to collect death cases during the 2004–2005 period. Causes of death relating to drowning were coded according to International Classification of Diseases, the tenth version. During 2004–2005, 849 unintentional drowning deaths occurred, representing a drowning rate of 5.6/100,000 per year. The rate was higher in rural areas (6.4/100,000) than in city (3.7/100,000), and the rate ratio of male to female was 1.5. The elderly aged 80 years and over and children aged 5–9 years had higher mortalities among all age groups, representing rates of 28.8 and 11.0 per 100,000 person years. For children aged 5–9 years, deaths from drowning accounted for the highest proportion (62.5%) of all injury deaths. The most common site of drowning was natural bodies of water (60.8%), and summer was the highest risk season for drowning. The results suggest drowning is an important public health problem, and it primarily threatens children in Guangdong province. Drowning intervention programs should be a health priority in Guangdong province.
Reinforcement learning of dual-arm cooperation for a mobile manipulator with sequences of dynamical movement primitives

This paper presents a state-of-art reinforcement learning strategy to enable a human-like dual arm mobile robot to deal with some complicated tasks with dual arm cooperation. A complex movement task of robot can be divided into action phases and subgoals, each of which corresponds to a dynamic motion primitive (DMP). During control of the humanoid-like dual arm mobile robot, there are some noises that affect the precision of the movement of the robot. To deal with those uncertain perturbations while handling varying manipulation dynamics for grasping motion, a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm with sequences of dynamical motion primitives strategy is proposed in this paper. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy, a two-phase planning has been considered in the experiment, namely, the online redundancy resolution based on the neural-dynamic optimization algorithm to obtain the initial joint trajectories on the first trial, and the reinforcement learning of DMP in the learning process, where DMP is used to model the joint trajectories, and then reinforcement learning is employed to adjust the model to suppress uncertain perturbations.
On Primes, Graphs and Cohomology

The counting function on the natural numbers defines a discrete Morse-Smale complex with a cohomology for which topological quantities like Morse indices, Betti numbers or counting functions for critical points of Morse index are explicitly given in number theoretical terms. The Euler characteristic of the Morse filtration is related to the Mertens function, the Poincar\'e-Hopf indices at critical points correspond to the values of the Moebius function. The Morse inequalities link number theoretical quantities like the prime counting functions relevant for the distribution of primes with cohomological properties of the graphs. The just given picture is a special case of a discrete Morse cohomology equivalent to simplicial cohomology. The special example considered here is a case where the graph is the Barycentric refinement of a finite simple graph.
A new chain-like cadmium(II) coordination polymer containing chains of water molecules.

The title cadmium(II) polymer, catena-poly[[[bis(4-aminopyridine-kappaN)aquacadmium(II)]-mu-1,4-phenylenediacetato-kappa(4)O,O':O'',O'''] dihydrate], {[Cd(C10H8O4)(C5H6N2)2(H2O)]. 2H2O}n, comprises one-dimensional wave-like chains, in which the Cd atom is coordinated by 1,4-phenylenediacetate and 4-aminopyridine molecules. The 1,4-phenylenediacetate ligands lie about inversion centres. Extensive hydrogen-bonding interactions between the chains lead to a three-dimensional structure. Free water molecules form chains in the structure.
Ascites fluid as a possible origin for hyperfibrinolysis in advanced liver disease

OBJECTIVES:Advanced liver disease is associated with both exaggerated fibrinolysis and with ascites. This study was undertaken to determine whether fibrinolytic activity exists in the ascites fluid of patients with liver disease and to see whether such activity is associated with evidence of plasma fibrinolysis.METHODS:Both the ascites fluid and plasma from 15 patients with cirrhotic ascites (group A) were evaluated for markers of fibrinolysis: fragment D-dimer, plasminogen, fibrinogen, and fibrin split products. In addition, the euglobulin lysis time, a test highly specific for fibrinolysis, was evaluated in the ascites fluid samples. As a control group, the plasma from 15 cirrhotic patients without ascites (group B) was evaluated for markers of fibrinolysis.RESULTS:In group A, elevated fragment D-dimer and fibrin split products were uniformly found in ascites fluid in concentrations that would be considered pathologically elevated if in plasma. Ascites fluid was also depleted, compared with plasma, of both plasminogen and fibrinogen. These results, along with the short euglobulin lysis time in 83% of the patients, suggest that increased fibrinolytic activity is present in ascites fluid. In 93% of these patients, plasma D-dimer was elevated. The mean plasma plasminogen was also low in these patients. In group B, only 33% of patients had elevated plasma D-dimer.CONCLUSIONS:Ascites fluid has fibrinolytic activity. Because ascites fluid reenters the systemic circulation via the thoracic duct, via a natural peritoneovenous shunt, ascites fluid warrants serious consideration as a pathological fluid that contributes to the systemic fibrinolytic state found in the majority of our patients with ascites.
THE ORGANIZATION OF WORKING HOURS OF SELECTED EMPLOYEE CATEGORIES IN CZECH BUSINESSES

In the current dynamic working environment, the adaptation of working hours is an important instrument for supporting the work and performance of all groups of employees. It also serves as an instrument that encourages their identification with the company. The aim of this article is to identify and evaluate the utilization of individual methods of work organization among selected groups of employees in Czech companies across the gamut of the business sector. The analysed data comes from a quantitative questionnairebased survey (n=315). The results show that in the Czech companies, flexitime is most frequent among regular employees (51.7%) and graduates up to 30 years old (24.1%). A reduced work schedule is most frequently used by mothers with children and senior citizens (41.3%, 27%) and as part-time work among students (41%). The use of flexible working hours is an instrument of diversity management and builds the company brand through enlisting the cooperation of different groups of employees.
Male appropriation and medicalization of childbirth: an historical analysis.

AIMS OF THE PAPER This paper aims to explore through historical analysis some of the means by which medicine successfully appropriated and medicalized pregnancy and childbirth and to consider the impact that this has had on women's experiences within maternity care. BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE The appropriation and medicalization of pregnancy and childbirth by men are rooted in a patriarchal model that has been centuries in the making. A model that perceives women as essentially abnormal, as victims of their reproductive systems and hormones, it is also one that defines pregnancy as inherently pathological - a clinical crisis worthy of active intervention. In both law and medicine men have used their power to define reproduction as a biological defect (LeMoncheck L. 1996 Journal of Clinical Ethics 7, 160--176), requiring both legal regulation and medical intervention, whilst feminist writers have long argued that women's experiences within the health care system at least to some extent reflects their social position. CONCLUSIONS Male justifications of female inferiority have been developed and nurtured through professional discourses and socialization processes inherent within medical education and practice (Cahill H. 1999 MA Thesis, University of Keele). These assumptions are internalized and reproduced to shape quite profoundly, the nature of doctors' interactions with women in their care. Perhaps more fundamentally, such discursive explanations of women's bodies as inherently defective continue to shape women's position in society. Maternity care is a key area in which women's ability to exercise real choice and make informed decisions is limited and where doctor-patient interactions are themselves constructions of existing gender orders; women's autonomy continues to be violated through both quite subtle and overt discourse and practice.
Analysis of electromagnetic and thermal characteristics of the PM generator with rectifier load

In view of the trend in recent years the wide application of HVDC system, in this paper, describes the electromagnetic properties and loss calculation of permanent magnet synchronous generator with rectifier load and no-load, analysis of the influence of the rectifier load on permanent magnet motor electromagnetic properties and loss. Based on the calculation of motor losses, application of Fluent software simulation to calculate the three-dimensional distribution and find out the highest point temperature, and to determine when the load on the motor with rectifier problems, and analysis of the problems with rectifier load motor reasons.
A systematic review of longitudinal outcome studies of first-episode psychosis

Background. Existing outcome literature has had an over-representation of chronic patients and suggested a progressive course and poor outcome for schizophrenia. The current study aimed to recombine data of samples from longitudinal studies of first-episode psychosis (FEP) to describe outcome and its predictors. Method. A literature search (1966–2003) was conducted for prospective studies examining outcome in first-episode non-affective psychosis using the following key words: early, first, incident, episode, admission, contact, psychosis, schizophrenia, psychotic disorders, course, outcome, follow-up, longitudinal, cohort. These were pooled and analyzed using descriptive and regression analyses. Results. Thirty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria, representing 4100 patients with a mean follow-up of 35·1±6·0 months. Studies varied in the categories of outcome used, the most common being ‘good’ (54% of studies) and ‘poor’ (34% of studies), variably defined. In studies reporting these categories, good outcomes were reported in 42·2% (3·5%) and poor outcomes in 27·1% (2·8%) of cases. Predictors associated with better outcome domains were: combination of pharmacotherapy and psychosocial therapy, lack of epidemiologic representativeness of the sample, and a developing country of origin. Use of typical neuroleptics was associated with worse outcome. Stratification analyses suggested that populations with schizophrenia only, and those with prospective design, were associated with worse outcome domains. Conclusions. Outcome from FEP may be more favorable than previously reported, and treatment and methodological variables may be important contributors to outcome. Significant heterogeneity in definitions and methodology limited the comparison and pooling of data. A multi-dimensional, globally used definition of outcome is required for future research.
Control of EpsE, the Phosphoglycosyltransferase Initiating Exopolysaccharide Synthesis in Streptococcus thermophilus, by EpsD Tyrosine Kinase

ABSTRACT We studied the roles of Streptococcus thermophilus phosphogalactosyltransferase (EpsE) (the priming enzyme), tyrosine kinase (EpsD), phosphatase (EpsB), and a membrane-associated protein with no known biochemical function (EpsC) in exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesis. These proteins are well-conserved among bacteria and are usually encoded by clustered genes. Exopolysaccharide synthesis took place in the wild-type strain and a mutant lacking EpsB but not in mutants lacking EpsC, EpsD, or EpsE. The three mutants unable to synthesize EPS lacked the EpsE phosphogalactosyltransferase activity, while the two EPS-synthesizing strains possessed this activity, showing that EpsC and EpsD are required for EpsE function. An EpsD phosphorylated form was found in all strains except the epsC mutant, indicating that EpsC is necessary for EpsD phosphorylation. Moreover, the phosphorylated form of EpsD, a supposedly cytoplasmic protein, was found to be associated with the plasma membrane, possibly due to interaction with EpsC. Finally, the EpsD and EpsE elution profiles in a gel filtration chromatography assay were similar, suggesting that these two proteins colocalize in the membrane. Mutation of Tyr200, predicted to be a phosphorylation site and present in a conserved motif in bacterial phosphoglycosyltransferases, led to EpsE inactivation. In contrast, mutation of Tyr162 or Tyr199 had no effect. Taken together, these data show that EpsD controls EpsE activity. Possible mechanisms for this control are discussed.
Comparison of Germ Cell Mutagenicity in Male CYP2E1-Null and Wild-Type Mice Treated with Acrylamide: Evidence Supporting a Glycidamide-Mediated Effect

Abstract Acrylamide is an animal carcinogen and probable human carcinogen present in appreciable amounts in heated carbohydrate-rich foodstuffs. It is also a germ cell mutagen, inducing dominant lethal mutations and heritable chromosomal translocations in postmeiotic sperm of treated mice. Acrylamide's affinity for male germ cells has sometimes been overlooked in assessing its toxicity and defining human health risks. Previous investigations of acrylamide's germ cell activity in mice showed stronger effects after repeated administration of low doses compared with a single high dose, suggesting the possible involvement of a stable metabolite. A key oxidative metabolite of acrylamide is the epoxide glycidamide, generated by cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1). To explore the role of CYP2E1 metabolism in the germ cell mutagenicity of acrylamide, CYP2E1-null and wild-type male mice were treated by intraperitoneal injection with 0, 12.5, 25, or 50 mg acrylamide (5 ml saline)−1 kg−1 day−1 for 5 consecutive days. At defined times after exposure, males were mated to untreated B6C3F1 females. Females were killed in late gestation and uterine contents were examined. Dose-related increases in resorption moles (chromosomally aberrant embryos) and decreases in the numbers of pregnant females and the proportion of living fetuses were seen in females mated to acrylamide-treated wild-type mice. No changes in any fertility parameters were seen in females mated to acrylamide-treated CYP2E1-null mice. Our results constitute the first unequivocal demonstration that acrylamide-induced germ cell mutations in male mice require CYP2E1-mediated epoxidation of acrylamide. Thus, CYP2E1 polymorphisms in human populations, resulting in variable enzyme metabolic activities, may produce differential susceptibilities to acrylamide toxicities.
[Studies on the experimental transmission of Rattus-borne Hantavirus by Ornithonyssus bacoti].

AIM To demonstrate the role of rat mite (Ornithonyssus bacoti) in the transmission of Rattus-borne hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). METHODS In the transmission experiments, about 100 O. bacoti per pool were isolated and placed in a jar, unfed for 4 d at 23 +/- 1 degrees C. Suckling Wistar rats inoculated with Hantavirus strain Z45 or Seoul virus strain UR were placed in each jar for free attack by the mites for 12 hours. After 14 d the normal suckling Wistar rats were bitten by the mites. Fifteen days later, the lung tissues and sera of the infected rats were collected and detected for Hantaviral antigen by indirect fluorescent antibody technique (IFAT). For demonstration of the infection of O. bacti with Rattus-borne Hantavirus PCR technique was applied to detect Rattus-borne Hantaviral RNA. RESULTS Sukling Wistar rats inoculted Hantavirus strain Z45 or Seoul virus strain UR were bitten by O. bacoti and then these mites were fed on 4 and 5 of normal suckling rats in each jar, respectively. The antigens of Hantavirus strain Z45 were positive in all the lungs of the normal rats bitten by the mites, the sera titers of the rats were from 1:10 to 1:40. The antigens were positive in 3 of the 4 rats, the sera titers were from 1:20 to 1:40. Both of the viruses could be maintained in O. bacoti for 22 days. The blocking test showed when 1:30 Hantavirus immunosera were exposed to the lung samples and then reacted with the sera from the patients with HFRS, all the specific fluorescence reactions of the samples were blocked, whereas the control group including the normal rat lung tissues and sera were all negative (Fig. 1). CONCLUSION O. bacoti might play a role as the vector of HFRS and a reservoir host as well.