Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ampli cation on Undirected Population Structures : Comets

The fixation probability is the probability that a new mutant introduced in a homogeneous population eventually takes over the entire population. The fixation probability is a fundamental quantity of natural selection, and known to depend on the population structure. Amplifiers of natural selection are population structures which increase the fixation probability of advantageous mutants, as compared to the baseline case of well-mixed populations. In this work we focus on symmetric population structures represented as undirected graphs. In the regime of undirected graphs, the strongest amplifier known has been the Star graph, and the existence of undirected graphs with stronger amplification properties has remained open for over a decade. In this work we present the Comet and Comet-swarm families of undirected graphs. We show that for a range of fitness values of the mutants, the Comet and Comet-swarm graphs have fixation probability strictly larger than the fixation probability of the Star graph, for fixed population size and at the limit of large populations, respectively.
Masterarbeit PACT or no PACT ? A Psychological Model of Empty Labour

Private activities on company time (PACT) describes the phenomenon of engaging in non-work related private activities while being present at work. While much of what we know about PACT comes from qualitative research, there exists no psychological model which would explain what makes employees engage in such activities. Consequently, a theoretical model was developed using the following work-related factors as antecdents to PACT: job engagement, job satisfaction, boredom, work control, procrastination and self-regulation. After comparing the fits of two alternate configurations of this model using data gathered from 155 individuals from various companies across Austria, results indicated that PACT can partially be explained by job engagement which is in turn influenced by boredom, job satisfaction and procrastination. Furthermore, no personal factors beyond the aformentioned antecedents had any influence on conducting PACT. The data also indicated that PACT is a constant whose impact on company performance cannot be objectively estimated. Future research might test the model among different work populations and incorporate further work-related factors. keywords: private activities on company time, boredom, job satisfaction, job engagement, procrastination, work control, self-regulation
Knowledge and attitudes on unsafe abortion among the undergraduates of state universities in Western Province , Sri Lanka

Background: Abortion is legally permitted in Sri Lanka only to save mother’s life. A great majority of undergraduates reside away from home and are vulnerable to risky behaviour. However, their knowledge and attitudes on abortion are scarce in Sri Lanka. Objective: To describe the knowledge and attitudes on unsafe abortions among undergraduates in the state universities of Western Province, Sri Lanka Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 1575 second and third year undergraduates using stratified cluster sampling of the selected universities. Pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was administered to assess socio-demographic factors, knowledge and attitudes on unsafe abortion. Responses to the knowledge and attitude questions were scored and graded. Percentage of knowledge categories and attitudes were calculated. The associations of knowledge categories with selected variables were assessed and reported as odds ratio (OR). Results: Of the respondents, the majority (n=839, 53.3%) had good knowledge on unsafe abortion while 30.5% (n=480) had satisfactory knowledge and the minority (16.3%) had poor knowledge. Females (n=509, 55%) had more good knowledge than males (n=329, 51%; p>0.05). Also, those who studied in Bio-Science stream (n=174, 70.2%; p<0.001) and had their secondary education at mixed schools (n=351, 54.4%; p>0.05) had more good knowledge than the other categories. The majority (n=1074, 68.5%) agreed that legal restrictions would drive people to unsafe abortion while making abortion services through the government health facilities could increase inappropriate sexual behaviour (n=998, 63.7%). Only a very few (n=111, 7.1%) of the undergraduates agreed that abortion was a convenient form of contraception while 47.7% (n=747) agreed abortion to be restricted to save mother’s life. The majority (n=833, 53.2%) agreed that it should be a right of a pregnant woman to decide whether she wants an abortion or not. Conclusion: A majority of undergraduates had good knowledge on unsafe abortion. Most of the undergraduates did not prefer to fully liberalize abortion policies due to inappropriate usage, yet acknowledged it is a right of a pregnant mother.
An Approach to Increasing Reliability Using Syndrome Extension

Computational errors in numerical data processing may be detected efficiently by using parity values associated with real number codes, even when inherent round off errors are allowed in addition to failure disruptions. This paper examines correcting turbo codes by straightforward application of an algorithm derived for finite-field codes, modified to operate over any field. There are syndromes associated with Turbo code words corrupted by large and small error values that relate directly to the induced errors. Hence, after determining the location of a few large errors if possible, the syndromes may be extended so as to yield these large corrupting errors along with approximations to the prevalent low-level errors. The techniques proposed in this paper can be employed in correcting erroneously processed data caused by soft errors.
Early summer hydroclimatic signals were well captured by tree-ring earlywood width in the eastern Qinling Mountains ( central China )

Tree-ring width (TRW) chronologies could only provide limited amount of moisture-related climatic information 10 in the humid and semi-humid regions of China; thus, it is worth to explore the potentials of the intra-annul tree-ring width indices (i.e., the earlywood width (EWW) and latewood width (LWW)) to provide some additional climatic information. To fulfill this task, TRW, EWW and LWW were measured from the tree-ring samples of Pinus tabulaeformis in a semi-humid region, that is, the eastern Qinling Mountains, Central China. Their standard (STD) and signal-free (SSF) chronologies were created using different detrending methods including (1) negative exponential function together with linear regression with 15 negative (or zero) slope (NELR), (2) cubic smoothed splines with a 50% frequency cutoff of 67% of the series length (SP67), and (3) age-dependent splines with an initial stiffness of 50 years (SPA50). The results showed that EWW chronologies were significantly negatively correlated with temperature, but positively correlated with precipitation and soil moisture conditions during the current early growing season. Comparatively, LWW and TRW chronologies had weaker relationships with these climatic factors. EWW STD chronology with the detrending method of NELR contained the strongest climatic signal, 20 explaining 50% variance of the May–July self-calibrated Palmer Drought Severity Index (MJJ scPDSI) during the instrumental period 1953–2005. Based on this relationship, the MJJ scPDSI was reconstructed using a linear regression function with strong statistical parameters over the period 1864–2005, and the reconstruction was further validated by comparing with other hydroclimatic reconstructions and historical document records in adjacent regions. On the decadal and longer time scales, a stable relationship between the reconstructed MJJ scPDSI and the East Asian Summer Monsoon index (EASMI) only existed 25 until the 1940s, partly because the study region is outside of the mei-yu/changma/baiu rainband where the influence of EASM on precipitation is supposed to be stable. The climatic potential of intra-annual tree-ring indices might be explored in the future at other sites in humid and semi-humid regions.
Using “ Model ” Pseudo-Documents to Improve Searching-as-Learning and Search over Sessions

Traditional information retrieval systems are evaluated with the assumption that each query is independent. However, during their interactions with search engines, many users find themselves reformulating their queries in order to satisfy their information need. In this paper, we treat “Searching as Learning” as similar to Search over Sessions problem and build a system to improve search over sessions’ utility by first creating, for each session, pseudo-documents that we hypothesize to be model documents that relevant documents should look like. In a second step, we promote documents that bear more similarity to our model documents. We experiment with a few simple heuristics for obtaining a model document by concatenating different documents that were listed as relevant in previous interactions in a session. We show that using this simple re-ranking method can provide up to 42.59% increase over the nDCG@10 baseline for the 2013 TREC Session track data and up to 26% increase over the α-nDCG@10 baseline for the TREC 2011 Session track data.
1 Title : Dispersal predicts hybrid zone widths across animal diversity : Implications for species borders under incomplete reproductive isolation Running title : Dispersal predicts hybrid zone widths

Hybrid zones occur as range boundaries for many animal taxa. One model for how hybrid zones form and are stabilized is the tension zone model. This model predicts that hybrid zones widths are determined by a a balance between random dispersal into hybrid zones and selection against hybrids, and it does not formally account for local ecological gradients. Given the model’s simplicity, it provides a useful starting point for examining variation in hybrid zone widths across animals. Here we examine whether random dispersal and a proxy for selection against hybrids (mtDNA distance) can explain variation in hybrid zone widths across 135 hybridizing taxon pairs. We show that dispersal explains >30% of hybrid zone width variation across animal diversity and that mtDNA distance explains little variation. Clade-specific analyses revealed idiosyncratic patterns. Dispersal and mtDNA distance predict hybrid zone widths especially well in reptiles, while hybrid zone width scaled positively with mtDNA distance in birds, opposite predictions. Lastly, the data suggest that lower bounds on hybrid zone widths may be set by dispersal and the extent of molecular divergence, suggesting that hybrid zones are unlikely to form in restricted geographic spaces in highly dispersive and/or recently diverged taxa. Overall, our analyses reinforce the fundamental importance of dispersal in hybrid zone formation, and more generally in the ecology of range boundaries. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. The copyright holder for this preprint . http://dx.doi. org/10.1101/472506 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Nov. 18, 2018;
Managing Creativity to Develop Absorptive Capacity : The NIH Syndrome and the Implementation of Open innovation Business Model

The benefits of the open innovation business model and the absorptive capacity necessary to acquire and utilize external knowledge have been discussed extensively. An emerging literature stream has identified certain intra-organizational antecedents of absorptive capacity. However how firms recognize potentially valuable external knowledge to be able to start the knowledge absorption process has not been discussed. This paper suggests creativity management and argues that stimulating meaningfully novel behavior positively influences the recognition ability and the communication it enhances alleviates the Not-Invented-Here syndrome. Based on the absorptive capacity and organizational creativity literature a model consists of five hypotheses is derived and tested on a sample of 346 Danish SMEs. The results indicate that creativity management plays a positive role in the development of recognition ability.
Role of rhizobacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in increasing photosynthesis process and sugar production of sweet sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor

Dual inoculation effects of rhizobacteria and AMF as well as the addition of chemical fertilizers on photosynthesis were studied by analyzing process of CO2 gas exchange, chlorophyll content, nutrient uptake, sugar content and growth of sweet sorghum. AMF inoculation as a single culture increased carbon assimilation, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, phosphorus content, chlorophyll content, sugar content, plant height, shoot weight and mycorrhizal colonization. Interaction of AMF and rhizobacteria increased sugar content of sweet sorghum stems and potassium content of sweet sorghum leaves, whereas its interaction with chemical fertilizers significantly increased chlorophyll content, sugar content and mycorrhizal colonization of sorghum plant roots. Interaction of AMF, rhizobacteria and chemical fertilizers increased sugar content, root weight and mycorrhizal colonization. The use of AMF solely or its interaction with rhizobacteria and chemical fertilizers had a great potential in improving photosynthesis process of sweet sorghum. The process is associated with increasing crop productivity, such as sugar content of sorghum which is potential as a source of renewable energy. [
Congo Craton break-up delimited by U e Pb e Hf isotopes and trace-elements of zircon from metasediments of the Araçuaí Belt

Detrital zircon UePb geochronology combined with Hf isotopic and trace element data from metasedimentary rocks of the Araçuaí Belt in southeastern Brazil provide evidence for break-up of the Congo eSão Francisco Craton. The UePb age spectra of detrital zircons from metasediments of the Rio Doce Group (RDG) range from 900e650 Ma and define a maximum depositional age of ca. 650 Ma. Zircon trace element and whole rock data constrain an oceanic island arc as source for the deposition setting of the protoliths to the metasediments. Zircon εHf(t) values from these rocks are positive between þ1 and þ15, supporting previous evidence of a Neoproterozoic extensional phase and oceanic crust formation in a precursor basin to the Araçuaí Belt. Recrystallization of detrital zircon at ca. 630 Ma is compatible with a regional metamorphic event associated with terrane accretion to the Paleoproterozoic basement after transition from an extensional to a convergent regime. The juvenile nature, age spectra and trace element composition recorded in detrital zircons of metasediments from the Araçuaí Belt correspond with zircons frommetasedimentary rocks and oceanic crust remnants of other orogenic belts to its south. This suggests that rifting and oceanic crust formation of the entire orogenic system, the so-called Mantiqueira Province, was contemporaneous, most likely related to the opening of a large ocean. It further indicates that the cratonic blocks involved in the orogenic evolution of the Mantiqueira Province were spatially connected as early as 900 Ma. 2018, China University of Geosciences (Beijing) and Peking University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Relationship Between Knowledge Workers and Teaching Effectiveness Among Malaysian University Lecturers

This study aims to examine whether lecturers in Perak, Malaysia who are considered as knowledge workers possess the necessary knowledge and emotional intelligence to teach effectively in the classroom. The conceptual framework of this study is based on the model of emotional intelligence named Emotional Skills Assessment Process (ESAP) developed by Nelson and Low (1998) and the model of teaching effectiveness developed by Aregbeye (2010). This study involves lecturers from public and private universities in Perak, Malaysia. For the purpose of this study, only permanent lecturers from the selected universities are chosen as respondents. Part time and contract lecturers are not included as they are not usually required to carry out both teaching and research activities. This study will also provide recommendations and suggestions for future research.
Determinants of Tax Compliance in Ghana : The Case of Small and Medium Tax Payers in Greater Accra Region

The study examined the factors that influence tax compliance by small and medium tax payers, the difference in the level of compliance between small and medium tax payers and strategies to improve tax compliance in Ghana. The study through stratified sampling technique sampled 100 small and medium tax payers in Accra and other GRA officials for the study. Data was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The results of the study showed that compliance cost, tax rates, tax audits and morals of taxpayers significantly influenced tax compliance. The GRA also indicated that unions and associations of businesses could help increase voluntary tax compliance of small and medium tax payers in Ghana. The study findings provide evidence that there is a significance difference in the tax compliance level between small and medium scale enterprises. The difference can be largely attributed to the inability of small enterprises to file their tax returns on due dates and also to keep proper books of records of their business transactions. The study recommends organizing workshops for businesses to train them on the need to pay their taxes and keep proper records of their transactions, increasing the rate of audits of businesses, imposing fines and penalties for defaulting businesses.
Early Life Stress and Psychopathology 1 Running head : EARLY LIFE STRESS AND PSYCHOPATOLOGY The Effects of Early Life Stress on Brain Development : Implications for Psychopathology

Several studies have shown that children who grow up under adverse care giving conditions are prone to develop a broad spectrum of different problems, ranging from mild depression to severe psychosomatic pathology later in life. A carefully treated child develops a different attachment strategy and biochemical response than a maltreated child. Early adverse events seem to program the stress response to become either over or under reactive which in turn have the potential to alter brain development. Major consequences include reduced plasticity and abnormal frontal lobe activity. This review further investigates the emotional and cognitive development in children exposed to early life abuse or neglect, trying to get a comprehensive picture of different symptoms that might contribute to later psychopathology.
1 Learning Blended , Precise Semantic Program Embeddings

Learning neural program embeddings is key to utilizing deep neural networks in program languages research — precise and efficient program representations enable the application of deep models to a wide range of program analysis tasks. Existing approaches predominately learn to embed programs from their source code, and, as a result, they do not capture deep, precise program semantics. On the other hand, models learned from runtime information critically depend on the quality of program executions, thus leading to trained models with highly variant quality. This paper tackles these inherent weaknesses of prior approaches by introducing a new deep neural network, LiGer, which learns program representations from a mixture of symbolic and concrete execution traces. We have evaluated LiGer on COSET, a recently proposed benchmark suite for evaluating neural program embeddings. Results show LiGer (1) is significantly more accurate than the state-of-the-art syntax-based models Gated Graph Neural Network and code2vec in classifying program semantics, and (2) requires on average 10x fewer executions covering 74% fewer paths than the state-of-the-art dynamic model DYPRO. Furthermore, we extend LiGer to predict the name for a method from its body’s vector representation. Learning on the same set of functions (more than 170K in total), LiGer significantly outperforms code2seq, the previous state-of-the-art for method name prediction.
Carbon Capture and Storage Program (CCSP)

Biological CO2 capture by microalgae is seen as a promising technology and has the advantage of producing biofuel/biomass simultaneously. The combination of biofuel/biomass production, CO2 fixation and bio-treatment of wastewater underscore the prospect and potential of microalgae. This work concerns the optimal use of microalgal biomass, focusing on carbon capture and economic feasibility. Microalgal products are briefly reviewed as well as the carbon capture from industrial flue gas. Conceptual level techno-economic analysis is performed for four concepts that produce lipids, biofuels and/or fertilizer. The evaluated processes include open pond cultivation with industrial flue gas, harvesting, drying, cell wall disruption, extraction of lipids and anaerobic digestion. Process parameter and economic evaluation data, such as prices, specific power consumptions and the yields of unit operations, have been obtained mainly from literature. The results of this study indicate that microalgae-based production of selected products would be unprofitable with the assumptions used. Sectorial literature shows similar performance. The most significant factors affecting the profitability were high investment costs and other fixed costs, as well as the cost of heat in concepts where biomass was dried.
Banking Deregulations and Corporate Innovation

We present causal evidence that financial development plays a key role in technological progress. We focus on corporate innovation, measured by the patenting activity of firms, and exploit the staggered passage of banking deregulation in the US states during the 1970s and 1980s as a source of variation in the availability and quality of credit. We find that deregulations of the banking sector had a significant beneficial effect on the number and quality of firm innovations. This effect is mainly present among firms that are more financially constrained, and it does not become evident until some years after the deregulations. Moreover, the effect is partly driven by a greater ability of deregulated banks to diversify credit risk.
Task-Related Versus Stimulus-Specific Practice A Diffusion Model Account

When people repeatedly practice the same cognitive task, their response times (RT) invariably decrease. Dutilh, Vandekerckhove, Tuerlinckx, and Wagenmakers (2009) argued that the traditional focus on how mean RT decreases with practice offers limited insight; their diffusion model analysis showed that the effect of practice is multifaceted, involving an increase in rate of information processing, a decrease in response caution, adjusted response bias, and, unexpectedly, a strong decrease in nondecision time. In this study, we aim to further disentangle these effects into stimulus-specific and task-related components. The data of a transfer experiment, in which repeatedly presented sets and new sets of stimuli were alternated, show that the practice effects on both speed of information processing and time needed for peripheral processing are partly task-related and partly stimulus-specific. The effects on response caution and response bias appear to be task-related. This diffusion model decomposition provides a perspective on practice that is more detailed and more informative than the traditional analysis of mean RT.