THE FLOATING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM AND ITS IMPACT ON CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER:A REVIEW ARTICLE

The purpose of writing this review on floating drug delivery systems (FDDS) was to show that how this drug delivery system is best for calcium channel blocker and to compile the recent literature with special focus on the principal mechanism of floatation to achieve gastric retention. The recent developments of FDDS including the physiological and formulation variables affecting gastric retention, approaches to design single-unit and multiple-unit floating systems, and their classification and formulation aspects are covered in detail. This review also summarizes the in vitro techniques, in vivo studies to evaluate the performance and application of floating systems, and applications of these systems. These systems are useful to several problems encountered during the development of a pharmaceutical dosage form. Keyword: CCB,floating drug delivery system and its evaluation. History of Calcium Channel Blockers: When people are diagnosed with heart disease, they may be treated in several different ways. Controlling risk factors that can be managed—cutting down on fat and cholesterol and quitting smoking—will be the first changes they will have to make. Exercise will become part of their lives, if possible. Drug therapy may be the next course of action. The variety and scope of cardiovascular drugs have increased tremendously in the past few decades, and new drugs are being approved annually. in the 1950s, effective oral diuretics became available. These drugs dramatically changed the treatment of heart failure and hypertension. In the mid-1960s a class of agents called beta blockers was discovered. This led to major changes in physicians’ ability to treat patients with hypertension or angina pectoris. Calcium channel blockers and ACE inhibitors became widely used in the 1980s, and they, too, have allowed patients with hypertension, heart failure, and coronary artery disease to be treated more effectively. A considerable effort has been made in the last 15 years to evaluate the safety and efficacy of calcium channel blockers (CCBs) in the treatment of patients with chronic congestive heart failure (CHF). Available studies have provided strong evidence for a potential detrimental effect of the first-generation calcium antagonists in patients with CHF, indicating the need for great caution when these drugs are used in patients with significant depression of left ventricular systolic function. A number of secondgeneration CCB have demonstrated a strong vasodilatory effect and favorable hemodynamic action but failed to show a similar improvement in exercise capacity, morbidity and mortality. Moreover, drugs such as Nicardipine and Nisoldipine have resulted in a detrimental effect in some patients and, therefore, cannot be considered safe when used in patients with moderate-tosevere heart failure [1]. The calcium channel blockers (CCB) are a heterogeneous group of drugs with widely variable effects on heart muscle, sinus node function, atrioventricular conduction, peripheral blood vessels, and coronary circulation. Ten of these drugs ‐ nifedipine, nicardipine, nimodipine, felodipine, isradipine, amlodipine, verapamil, diltiazem, bepridil, and mibefradil ‐ are approved in the United States for clinical use. Although these drugs are mainly used for the treatment of hypertension and stable angina pectoris, there has been a strong interest and increasing experience in the use of CCB in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). When people are