Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Moose movement rates are altered by wolf presence in two ecosystems

Abstract Predators directly impact prey populations through lethal encounters, but understanding nonlethal, indirect effects is also critical because foraging animals often face trade‐offs between predator avoidance and energy intake. Quantifying these indirect effects can be difficult even when it is possible to monitor individuals that regularly interact. Our goal was to understand how movement and resource selection of a predator (wolves; Canis lupus) influence the movement behavior of a prey species (moose; Alces alces). We tested whether moose avoided areas with high predicted wolf resource use in two study areas with differing prey compositions, whether avoidance patterns varied seasonally, and whether daily activity budgets of moose and wolves aligned temporally. We deployed GPS collars on both species at two sites in northern Minnesota. We created seasonal resource selection functions (RSF) for wolves and modeled the relationship between moose first‐passage time (FPT), a method that discerns alterations in movement rates, and wolf RSF values. Larger FPT values suggest rest/foraging, whereas shorter FPT values indicate travel/fleeing. We found that the movements of moose and wolves peaked at similar times of day in both study areas. Moose FPTs were 45% lower in areas most selected for by wolves relative to those avoided. The relationship between wolf RSF and moose FPT was nonlinear and varied seasonally. Differences in FPT between low and high RSF values were greatest in winter (−82.1%) and spring (−57.6%) in northeastern Minnesota and similar for all seasons in the Voyageurs National Park ecosystem. In northeastern Minnesota, where moose comprise a larger percentage of wolf diet, the relationship between moose FPT and wolf RSF was more pronounced (ave. across seasons: −60.1%) than the Voyageurs National Park ecosystem (−30.4%). These findings highlight the role wolves can play in determining moose behavior, whereby moose spend less time in areas with higher predicted likelihood of wolf resource selection.
Outer Core Stratification From the High Latitude Structure of the Geomagnetic Field

The presence of stable stratification has broad implications for the thermal and compositional state of the outer core, the evolution of Earth's deep interior, and the energetics of the geodynamo. Yet the origin, strength, and depth extent of stratification in the region below the core-mantle boundary remain open questions. Here we compare magnetic fields produced by numerical dynamos that include heterogeneous stable thermal stratification below their outer boundary with models of the geomagnetic field on the core-mantle boundary, focusing on high latitude structures. We demonstrate that the combination of high magnetic field intensity regions and reversed magnetic flux spots, especially at high latitudes, constrains outer core stratification below the core-mantle boundary. In particular, we find that the negative contribution to the axial dipole from reversed flux spots is a strong inverse function of the stratification. Comparison of our numerical dynamo results to the structure of the historical geomagnetic field suggests up to 400 km of permeable, laterally heterogeneous thermal stratification below the core-mantle boundary.
Availability and Maintenance Modeling for GIS Equipment Served in High-Speed Railway Under Incomplete Maintenance

Gas-insulated substation (GIS) equipment served in the traction power-supply system (TPSS) of the high-speed railway (HSR) suffers from extremely severe traction load conditions during its lifetime. In this paper, three major issues related to the actual field maintenance operations of GIS equipment in TPSS are addressed: 1) <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$s$</tex-math></inline-formula>-dependent degradation and shock process; 2) both spatial and temporal failure thresholds of shocks; and 3) incomplete maintenance (i.e., nonignorable maintenance time). To model the deterioration and failure process of GIS equipment, the hard failure model and the soft failure model are proposed. The characteristic function is utilized to bridge the <italic>s</italic>-dependent degradation and shock process in the soft failure model, while the extreme shock model (with spatial threshold) and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\delta $</tex-math></inline-formula>-shock model (with temporal threshold) are introduced in the hard failure model. Furthermore, the index of availability, which combines both reliability and maintainability, is derived under the incomplete maintenance consideration. Based on the balance of availability and maintenance cost, the maintenance strategy with periodic inspections for GIS equipment in the long-run time span is developed. Optimizations of three decision parameters (i.e., inspection period, extreme shock threshold, and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\delta $</tex-math></inline-formula>-shock threshold) are implemented to achieve the best performance (with high availability and low maintenance cost) of the maintenance strategy.
Evaluation of the MSCR Test for Modified Binder Specification

The Multiple Stress Creep and Recovery (MSCR) test has been introduced as a better test to evaluate modified binders and estimate their role in pavement performance. The non-recoverable creep compliance and the percent recovery are two of the parameters being calculated from the measured strain under different stress cycles. This study consists of two parts. The first compares the MSCR results of testing more than 30 binders modified with elastomeric and plastomeric polymers, crumb rubber, and acids, with conventional testing methods such as the elastic recovery and presents analysis of relationship between tests. The first part also looks at the fatigue of binders and evaluates if the Elastic Recovery or the MSCR test can provide a hint about overall binder behaviour. The second part of the study is focused on some of the challenges when using the MSCR test, including the variability of the test results, between testing devices, and between laboratories. In this part the data collected recently by the Western Cooperative Testing Group (WCTG) of the Rocky Mountain Asphalt User Producer Group from more than 50 laboratories is used. The study concludes with specific recommendation regarding the use of MSCR results and their relationship to asphalt mixture performance. // Le test fluage et de recuperation a contraintes multiples (MSCR) a ete introduit comme un meilleur test pour evaluer des liants modifies et estimer leur role dans la performance de la chaussee. La conformite du fluage non recuperable et le pourcentage de recuperation sont deux des parametres etant calcules a partir de la deformation mesuree sous differents cycles de contrainte. Cette etude se compose de deux parties. La premiere partie compare les resultats de la MSCR des tests plus de 30 liants modifies avec elastomeres et polymeres elastoplastomeres, caoutchouc granulaire et acides avec des methodes d'essai conventionnelles telles que la recuperation elastique et presente l'analyse de la relation entre les essais. Aussi, la premiere partie se penche sur la fatigue des liants et evalue si la recuperation elastique ou le test MSCR peut fournir une indication sur le comportement global de liant. La deuxieme partie de l'etude se concentre sur certains des defis lorsqu'on utilise le test MSCR, y compris la variabilite des resultats des essais, entre les dispositifs d'essais et entre les laboratoires. Dans cette partie, on utilise les donnees recueillies recemment de plus de 50 laboratoires par le Western Cooperative Testing Group (WCTG) du groupement Rocky Mountain de producteur-utilisateur de bitume. L'etude conclut avec la recommandation particuliere concernant l'utilisation des resultats du MSCR et leur relation avec la performance des enrobes bitumineux.
High sensitivity magnetometer using nanocomposite polymers with large magneto-optic response.

Miniaturized magnetic field sensors are increasingly used in various applications, such as geophysical exploration for minerals and oil, volcanology, earthquake studies, and biomedical imaging. Existing magnetometers lack either the spatial or the temporal resolution or are restricted to costly shielded labs and cannot operate in an unshielded environment. Increasing spatio-temporal resolution would allow for real-time measurements of magnetic fluctuations with high resolution. Here we report on a new nanocomposite-based system for miniaturized magnetic field sensing. The sensor is based on Dy3+-doped magnetite and cobalt ferrite nanoparticles dispersed in a polymer matrix. Operation is feasible at room temperature and in an unshielded environment. A compact fiber-optic interferometer is used as the detection mechanism with 20 fT/√Hz sensitivity. We investigated the magnetic field response of the sensor and demonstrated the measurement of the human heartbeat as a potential application.
A Review about Regulatory Status and Recent Patents of Pharmaceutical Co-Crystals

Pharmaceutical Co-crystals are not new, they have gained much attention since the last decade among scientists and pharmaceutical industry. Pharmaceutical co-crystals are multicomponent systems composed of two or more molecules and held together by non-covalent interactions. The development of pharmaceutical co-crystals, a new solid crystalline form, offer superior physico-chemical properties (such as melting point, stability, solubility, permeability, bioavailability, taste masking, etc.) without altering the pharmacological properties. Recently, with the upsurge in the growth of Pharmaceutical co-crystals, the major concern is over the regulatory status of co-crystals. With the new guidelines from United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA), the status has become even more complicated due to significantly different opinions. This review highlights whether co-crystals fulfil the requirements for the grant of a patent or not and how cocrystals are going to affect the present scenario of pharmaceuticals.
Advance Publication by J-STAGE

We have studied the mechanisms by which meiotic arrest maintenance (MAM) with roscovitine, female 22 sexual maturity, and the surrounded nucleoli (SN) chromatin configuration improve the competence of 23 mouse oocytes by observing the expression of oocyte competence-related genes in non-surrounded 24 nucleoli (NSN) and SN oocytes from prepubertal and adult mice following maturation with or without 25 MAM. The results demonstrated that MAM with roscovitine significantly improved the developmental 26 potential of adult SN and prepubertal NSN oocytes, but had no effect on that of prepubertal SN oocytes. 27 Without MAM, while 40% of the 2-cell embryos derived from prepubertal SN oocytes developed into 4- 28 cell embryos, none of the 2-cell embryos derived from prepubertal NSN oocytes did, and while 42% of the 29 4-cell embryos derived from adult SN oocytes developed into blastocysts, only 1% of the 4-cell embryos 30 derived from prepubertal SN oocytes developed into blastocysts. Furthermore, MAM with roscovitine, SN 31 configuration, and female sexual maturity significantly increased the mRNA levels of competence- 32 beneficial genes and decreased those of competence-detrimental genes. In conclusion, our results suggest 33 that MAM with roscovitine, SN chromatin configuration, and female sexual maturity improve oocyte 34 competence by regulating the expression of competence-related genes, suggesting that Oct4 , Stella , Mater , 35 Zar1 , Mapk8 , and Bcl2 are oocyte competence-beneficial genes, whereas Foxj2 , Ship1 , and Bax are 36 competence-detrimental genes. 37
Implementing myocardial infarction systems of care in low/middle-income countries

Ischaemic heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, with an increasing trend from 6.1 million deaths in 1990 to 9.5 million in 2016, markedly driven by rates observed in low/middle-income countries (LMIC). Improvements in myocardial infarction (MI) care are crucial for reducing premature mortality. We aimed to evaluate the main challenges for adequate MI care in LMIC, and possible strategies to overcome these existing barriers. Reperfusion is the cornerstone of MI treatment, but worldwide around 30% of patients are not reperfused, with even lower rates in LMIC. The main challenges are related to delays associated with patient education, late diagnosis and inadequate referral strategies, health infrastructure and insufficient funding. The implementation of regional MI systems of care in LMIC, systematising timely reperfusion strategies, access to intensive care, risk stratification and use of adjunctive medications have shown some successful strategies. Telemedicine support for remote ECG, diagnosis and organisation of referrals has proven to be useful, improving access to reperfusion even in prehospital settings. Organisation of transport and referral hubs based on anticipated delays and development of MI excellence centres have also resulted in better equality of care. Also, education of healthcare staff and task shifting may potentially widen access to optimal therapy. In conclusion, efforts have been made for the implementation of MI systems of care in LMIC, aiming to address particularities of the health systems. However, the increasing impact of MI in these countries urges the development of further strategies to improve reperfusion and reduce system delays.
Supplementary Materials For: Estimation of Personalized Effects Associated With Causal Pathways

In Appendix A, we give a brief overview of semiparametric statistical inference, which provides context for some of our subsequent results. Appendix B contains deferred proofs of our results. In Appendix C, we review the statistical modeling assumptions we made in our data analysis, provide figures which use decision tree classifiers to visualize policies we learned, and describe additional experimental results on policies that optimize effects not mediated by only adherence.
A Dynamic Time Warping Based Wake-Up Signal Detection Method for Underwater Acoustic Communication Networks

T400 conventional underwater acoustic (UWA) wakeup signals detection methods for both underwater cooperative nodes and non-cooperative nodes are FFT based signal detection and matched-filtered based signal detection. While there is a big performance degradation of these conventional frequency-offset sensitive methods due to the relative motion between nodes, complex underwater noise environment, channel time-varying and other interference sources. This paper proposes a dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm to detect the wake-up signal in UWA communication networks, which is frequency-offset insensitive and performs better than the conventional methods in severe frequency-offset environment by simulations based on the true UWA channel measured from sea trial.
Effect of Moisture Absorption on Dielectric Properties of Polypropylene-Based Blend

The effect of moisture absorption on the dielectric properties of polypropylene-polyolefin elastomer blend was investigated. It was found that the crystalline structure was influenced by elastomer blended. However, the blending had few effected on the melting and crystallization behavior. The DC breakdown strength, electrical conductivity, and space charge distribution were influenced by moisture content. The result in this paper contributed to the stability evaluation of new blend.
Research on Rotor Position Estimation Method of Sensorless Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

P212 sensor will increase the cost of the motor control system, reduce the reliability and performance of the system, and it's difficult to implement in some bad conditions. This paper presents a rotor position real-time estimation method for permanent magnet synchronous motor. The rotor position estimation is corrected by the position characteristic points obtained by back electromotive force. It will improve the accuracy and reliability of rotor position estimation. Experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper can estimate the rotor position information in real time and achieve the vector control of the motor without position sensor. This method is easy to implement, real-time, and the system runs stably.
Smart-Log: A Deep-Learning Based Automated Nutrition Monitoring System in the IoT

A correct balance of nutrient intake is very important, particularly in infants. When the body is deprived of essential nutrients, it can lead to serious disease and organ deterioration which can cause serious health issues in adulthood. Automated monitoring of the nutritional content of food provided to infants, not only at home but also in daycare facilities, is essential for their healthy development. To address this challenge, this paper presents a new Internet of Things (IoT)-based fully automated nutrition monitoring system, called Smart-Log, to advance the state-of-art in smart healthcare. For the realization of Smart-Log, a novel 5-layer perceptron neural network and a Bayesian network-based accurate meal prediction algorithm are presented in this paper. Smart-Log is prototyped as a consumer electronics product which consists of WiFi enabled sensors for food nutrition quantification, and a smart phone application that collects nutritional facts of the food ingredients. The Smart-Log prototype uses an open IoT platform for data analytics and storage. Experimental results consisting of 8172 food items for 1000 meals show that the prediction accuracy of Smart-Log is 98.6%.
Thermal Sensitivity of Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) During Larval and Pupal Development

Abstract As global temperatures rise, thermal limits play an increasingly important role in determining the persistence and spread of invasive species. Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L. Lepidoptera: Erebidae) in North America provides an ideal system for studying the effect of high temperatures on invasive species performance. Here, we used fluctuating temperature regimes and exposed gypsy moth at specific points in development (first–fourth instar, pupa) to cycles of favorable (22–28°C) or high-temperature treatments (30–36°C, 32–38°C, 34–40°C) for either 2 or 7 d. We measured survival, growth, and prolonged effects of exposure on development time and pupal mass. Survival generally decreased as the experimental temperature treatment and duration of exposure increased for all instars and pupae, with a narrow threshold for lethal effects. In response to increasing temperature and magnified by longer exposure times, growth abruptly declined for third instars and development time increased for pupae. For those surviving the 2-d exposure treatment, development time to pupation increased for all instars, but we did not find consistent effects on final pupal mass. These negative effects of high temperature provide important data on the susceptibility of gypsy moth to heat at different points in development. This work improves our understanding of thermal limits to growth and development in gypsy moth and can aid in determining invasion potential under current and future climates.
Cost-Sensitive Learning for Predictive Maintenance

In predictive maintenance, model performance is usually assessed by means of precision, recall, and F1-score. However, employing the model with best performance, e.g. highest F1-score, does not necessarily result in minimum maintenance cost, but can instead lead to additional expenses. Thus, we propose to perform model selection based on the economic costs associated with the particular maintenance application. We show that cost-sensitive learning for predictive maintenance can result in significant cost reduction and fault tolerant policies, since it allows to incorporate various business constraints and requirements.
Regulation of insulin resistance and glucose metabolism by interaction of PIM kinases and insulin receptor substrates

Abstract Insulin resistance is caused by various environmental and genetic factors leading to a number of serious health issues. Due to its multifactorial origin, molecular characterization may provide better tools for its effective treatment. On molecular level, dysregulation of signaling pathway by insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) is one of the most common reasons of this disease. IRSs are regulated by >50 serine/threonine kinases, which may have positive or negative effects on insulin sensitivity. Among these serine/threonine kinases, PIM kinases have garnered much attention as they not only affect insulin sensitivity by phosphorylating IRSs directly and/or indirectly but also alter the activities of their downstream molecules like PI3K, AKT, and mTOR. In this review, interactions of PIM kinases with IRSs and their downstream proteins and their action mechanism in the regulation of insulin resistance are elaborated. Furthermore, this review offers fundamental understandings of the role of PIM kinases in this signaling pathway.
A 6.1-nA Fully Integrated CMOS Supply Modulated OOK Transmitter in 55-nm DDC CMOS for Glasses-Free, Self-Powered, and Fuel-Cell-Embedded Continuous Glucose Monitoring Contact Lens

This brief presents the lowest-current fully integrated sub-mm3 OOK transmitter, the transmission of which is modulated by its supply voltage. By combining the transmitter with a glucose fuel cell that functions as both the power source and sensing transducer, a self-powered continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) contact lens can be emerged. The prototype in 55-nm deeply depleted channel CMOS with on-chip inductor and antenna requires an average current of 6.1 nA under 0.32-V supply without any external signal, which demonstrates the potential for self-powered operation.
Treatment-related Decisional Conflict, Quality of Life, and Comorbidity in Older Adults with Cancer

Objective: The present study aims to examine the relationships between and among cancer treatment-related decisional conflict, quality of life, and comorbidity in older adults with cancer. Methods: A convenience sample of 200 older adults was recruited from outpatient medical oncology and radiation oncology practices in the northeastern United States. A cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational study design was used employing a survey method. Survey instruments included the Decisional Conflict scale (DCS) (with five subscales, including informed, values clarity, support, uncertainty, and effective decision); Self-administered comorbidity questionnaire (SCQ); European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (including five function scales, three symptom scales, a global health/quality of life scale, and six single items); and an investigator-developed demographic form. Results: The mean total DCS score was 22.1 (±12.5). The uncertainty subscale had the highest mean of the subscales (29.2 ± 18.2). The mean score for global health status/quality of life was 44.2 (±20.7). The mean score of the SCQ was low (9.6 ± 4.1). Significant positive relationships were identified between decisional conflict and quality of life (P = 0.009) and quality of life and comorbidity (P = 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis found statistically significant relationships for total decisional conflict score and the five decisional conflict scale subscales. Conclusions: Results may suggest a relationship between decisional conflict and quality of life, as well as the quality of life and comorbidity. In addition, there are several physical, emotional, and spiritual factors that may positively or negatively impact decisional conflict.