Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Doping on the Electronic Characteristics and Adsorption Behavior of Silicon Polyprismanes

Quantum–chemical calculations of the electronic characteristics of carbon and boron-doped silicon polyprismanes were carried out, and the atomic hydrogen adsorption on these structures was analyzed. It was established that silicon polyprismanes doped with boron and carbon retained their metallicity predicted earlier. It was shown that the doping of polyprismanes made them more thermodynamically stable. For the silicon prismanes doped with boron or carbon, hydrogen adsorption was found to be energetically favorable. In the case of boron-doped prismanes, adsorption on the boron impurity was much more advantageous than on the neighboring silicon nodes. For the carbon doping, the adsorption energy of polyprismane with a small diameter weakly depended on the position of the hydrogen atom near the impurity center. However, for the C-doped polyprismanes with a larger diameter, the hydrogen adsorption on the silicon atom belonging to the ring with impurity is more energetically favorable than the adsorption on the silicon atom from the adjacent ring.
135-GHz D-Band 60-Gbps PAM-8 Wireless Transmission Employing a Joint DNN Equalizer With BP and CMMA

In this article, a novel scheme to effectively mitigate the nonlinear impairments in a PAM-8 radio-over-fiber (ROF) delivery is proposed by a joint deep neuron network (J-DNN) equalizer, which has more superiority in terms of good training accuracy, satisfactory tracking speed, and over-fitting suppression compared with a typical deep neuron network (DNN) equalizer. Our proposed J-DNN equalization scheme is mainly based upon back-propagation (BP) algorithm and blind cascaded multi-modulus algorithm (CMMA), which can be trained via two steps including DNN initialization and DNN optimization. By using the proposed J-DNN equalizer, 60-Gbps PAM-8 signal generation and transmission over 10-km SMF and 3-m wireless link at 135-GHz can be achieved. For the digital signal processing (DSP) at receiver, comparisons between CMMA equalizer, DNN equalizer, and J-DNN equalizer are demonstrated. The results indicate that J-DNN equalizer has a much better BER performance in receiver sensitivity than the traditional CMMA, and an improvement of receiver sensitivity can be achieved as much as 1 dB compared with a DNN equalizer at the BER of 3.8 × 10−3. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to propose a novel joint DNN equalizer, which is promising for the development in integrated microwave photonics and microwave/millimeter-wave photonics for 5G applications and beyond.
ÉTUDE GÉNOMIQUE, MÉTAGÉNOMIQUE ET PHYSIOLOGIQUE DE LA DIVERSITÉ PIGMENTAIRE CHEZ LES CYANOBACTÉRIES DU GENRE SYNECHOCOCCUS

Les picocyanobacteries du genre Synechococcus sont presentes dans tous les types d'environnements marins. Cette ubiquite s'explique en partie par la grande diversite pigmentaire de ces cellules, leur permettant de capturer efficacement la lumiere sur une large gamme spectrale. La plupart des souches ont une composition pigmentaire fixe mais certaines sont capables d'ajuster leur pigmentation en fonction de la lumiere incidente par un processus physiologique appele acclimatation chromatique de type IV (AC4). Une approche de metagenomique ciblee originale, combinant des techniques sophistiquees, a ete developpee afin d'etudier la diversite et la distribution des differents types pigmentaires de Synechococcus in situ. L'interet de cette approche a pu etre demontre apres des optimisations specifiques. La disponibilite de 25 nouveaux genomes de Synechococcus a permis de faire d'importantes avancees sur la comprehension du mecanisme d'AC4. Un cluster de 4 a 6 genes, codant pour une phycobiline-lyase et plusieurs regulateurs transcriptionnels, est systematiquement present chez toutes les souches capables de cette plasticite phenotypique. Deux configurations bien distinctes de ce cluster, nommees AC4-A et AC4-B, ont ete decouvertes et se retrouvent dans des lignees differentes de Synechococcus. Ces deux types de clusters auraient ete soumis a des processus evolutifs distincts. Par ailleurs, certaines singularites phenotypiques entre les souches possedant ces deux types de clusters genomiques ont pu etre demontrees. Ce travail de these souleve de nouvelles hypotheses sur la regulation de cette plasticite phenotypique ainsi que sur les mecanismes biochimiques associes.
Nematode parasites of vertebrates: their development and transmission. 2nd edition. Introduction.

The main aim of this book is to summarise and synthesize our knowledge of the main features of the development and transmission of parasitic nematodes of vertebrates, and to place this information within the context of the modern classification of the nematodes. The volume is unique in its comprehensive coverage, and includes nematode parasites of humans, domestic animals and wildlife, including fish. After an introductory chapter, the author systematically describes the biological characteristics of the 27 superfamilies of nematodes, followed generally in each case by families, subfamilies and sometimes genera. Altogether, some 561 particular species are reviewed (most individually) and approximately 2700 references cited. The book provides a unified zoological overview of development, life cycles and transmission, rather than emphasizing diseases caused by the parasites. It is a useful reference work for parasitologists, as well as for interested physicians, veterinarians, zoologists and wildlife and fisheries biologists.
DNA Repair Capacity and the Risk of Head and Neck Cancer

According to the chemical carcinogenesis hypothesis (Husgafvel-Pursiainen, 2004) (Loeb & Harris, 2008) chemical carcinogens exert their activity by penetrating cells, cell nuclei and interact with DNA generating DNA lesions such as singleor double-strand DNA breaks and DNA base modifications (adduction, substitution, base oxidation). DNA lesions when not removed are fixed as DNA mutations. Mutations as alterations of DNA structure are responsible for a change of the genetic information and the same remain the key step in carcinogenic transformation of cells. The whole process of carcinogens metabolism in a cell proceeds under enzymatic control (Fig.1). The first step known as metabolic activation provides changes in carcinogen molecule into better solubility and higher reactivity with detoxifying enzymes. Only few chemical carcinogens can omit this step and react directly with the enzymes. The second step being a detoxification proper consists of enzymatic conjugation of activated carcinogens and removal carcinogen metabolites out of a cell. This step is highly efficient and usually over 90% of exogenous compounds are being removed. At this stage the activated carcinogens are capable to react with DNA but still detoxification remains the main pathway when a reactivity towards DNA is less likely. Generation of DNA lesions is automatically followed by DNA repair.
Sea Surface Kinetic Energy as a Proxy for Phytoplankton Light Limitation in the Summer Pelagic Southern Ocean

The pelagic Southern Ocean is a high‐nutrient, low‐chlorophyll ecosystem. Here, phytoplankton growth is colimited by iron supply and light availability. This creates a general expectation that when light is available in the austral summer (shallow mixing depths), phytoplankton concentrations may be high or low depending on the delivery of iron to the surface layer. When light is not adequate (deep mixing depths), phytoplankton concentrations will likely be low, even if iron is available. Here we show that low surface kinetic energy behaves like a necessary but not sufficient condition for high chlorophyll concentrations. In high kinetic energy conditions, high chlorophyll concentrations are rare. Conversely, under low kinetic energy conditions, both high and low chlorophyll concentrations were observed. We show that higher kinetic energy conditions are related to deeper mixed layers, which is likely a proxy for local light conditions. Probabilistic models of chlorophyll based on surface kinetic energy were able to describe 30% of the spatial variability in monthly chlorophyll climatologies. This means that local light availability, proxied by mixing through kinetic energy, significantly shapes the spatial distribution of chlorophyll in the Southern Ocean. We suggest that regions with consistently higher kinetic energy may not be as sensitive to iron inputs compared to historic iron addition experiments, which were conducted in low surface kinetic energy conditions. Plain Language Summary Phytoplankton are at the base of the food web in most ocean ecosystems. In the Southern Ocean, they are critical for converting carbon dioxide into organic matter. Some of that organic matter is exported to the deep ocean and sequestered from the atmosphere. Therefore, factors that affect phytoplankton concentrations are important for understanding their impact on both marine ecology and global carbon budgets. Here we show that surface kinetic energy may be an important indicator of phytoplankton concentrations in the Southern Ocean. We propose that increased surface kinetic energy results in deeper vertical mixing, limiting phytoplankton access to light. We show that phytoplankton blooms are not common in high kinetic energy environments in the Southern Ocean in the summertime.
Raman spectroscopy analysis of single wall carbon nanotubes with penta- and hexa-vacancies defects

In this paper the effect of penta- and hexa-vacancies defects on a vibrational properties of single wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) was investigated. The bond-polarizability model combined with the spectral moments method are carried out to calculate the non-resonant Raman spectra. The changes of Raman spectra as a function of the nanotube chirality and the vacancies defects concentration on the wall of the nanotube are identified. The intensity ratio of D-band to G-band (ID /IG ratio) reflects the purity of SWNTs. Our study offers a means to distinguish between pristine and defective SWNTs even at low defect concentrations.
Improved fuzzy‐assisted multimedia‐assistive technology for engineering education

Presently, technological developments within the academic and online education sectors have enabled mobile data‐based interactive strategies to impact transformative learning innovations for improving the learning experience. Nowadays, fuzzy logic has become a part of engineering educational systems, and it provides uncertainty‐defining logic. In this paper, the following method has been proposed for the engineering educational system: Recommending groups in E‐learning‐based fuzzy learning approach with multimedia‐assistive technology. In the recent past, assistive technologies have served as a tool or platform for resolving problems and improved learning through many factors, such as critical thinking, multimodal communication, and motivational approaches for students. Currently, the application of fuzzy logic in education has helped in making decisions in an effective manner. These technologies and experiments have significant roles in student success, because a classical student evaluation and a group study approach for high‐quality learning are no longer sufficient.
Oxidative burst in plant-pathogen interaction

La produccion de especies reactivas de oxigeno (ROS) por la via de consumo de oxigeno en lo que se denomina ‘explosion oxidativa’, es un sello del reconocimiento exitoso de la infeccion y activacion de la defensa de la planta. ROS no son solo productos toxicos del metabolismo aerobico, sino ademas, moleculas senales involucradas en varios procesos de desarrollo en todos los organismos. Estudios previos han demostrado que una explosion oxidativa frecuentemente tiene lugar en el sitio de la invasion, durante las primeras etapas de la mayoria de las interacciones planta-patogeno. Por esta razon, con vista a poder enfrentar el efecto danino de estas moleculas, las plantas han ajustado un gran panel de mecanismos antioxidantes enzimaticos y no-enzimaticos. Aqui, se presentan algunos de los principales aspectos relacionados con el papel de ROS durante la interaccion planta-patogeno
The biomechanics of tongue projection in the frog _Rana pipiens_: dynamics and temperature effects

Ectotherms such as frogs must either function within environments with temperatures amenable to their physiological needs, or find means to reduce the impact of temperature on their activities. Recent studies on reptile and amphibian feeding have shown convergent use of elastic recoil to drive feeding movements, thereby decoupling temperature’s effects on muscle from movement and allowing the animals to feed over broader temperature ranges. Rana pipiens specimens (n=5) were exposed to three ambient temperatures (10o, 15o, and 25o C) at which feeding behavior was imaged at 6000 Hz. The image sequences yielded detailed kinematic and dynamic information for jaw, tongue, and body movements, including velocity, acceleration, power, duration, and excursion. Previously published studies have examined feeding in ranid frogs; however, those studies employed slower frame rates that did not permit analysis of instantaneous accelerations and velocities, and depressor and jaw-tongue complex mass specific power outputs in Rana feeding have not yet been established. Specimens were dissected for morphological measurement and calculation of mass-specific dynamics relative to the m. depressor mandibulae and the center of mass of the jaw-tongue complex. Previous studies on tongue projection in Bufo terrestris have shown that the rapid jaw depression that inertially elongates the tongue relies on elasticity in the depressor muscles. Further, because this movement is elastically driven, it is less sensitive to temperature than a
Current Strategies for Prevention and Treatment of Equine Postoperative Ileus: A Multimodal Approach

Equine paralytic (postoperative) ileus generally refers to an acute condition of impaired gastrointestinal motility. Paralytic ileus is most frequently seen following abdominal surgery on the small intestine in horses. Three main mechanisms are involved separately or simultaneously in its causation, namely neurogenicendocrinic, inflammatory-endotoxic and pharmacological mechanisms. Regardless of the cause, equine paralytic ileus can be fatal, if not properly diagnosed and treated. Over the past 22 years (1997–2019), we have diagnosed and treated more than 180 horses with postoperative ileus using differing methods. Based on our results and experience, and that of others, we have developed a multimodal strategy to reduce the incidence of postoperative ileus. This has resulted in effective treatment of ileus-diagnosed patients in 94% of cases, a significant improvement in survival rates over the last 20 years. In this review, we described pre-, intra-, and postoperative multiple supplementary preventative and treatment procedures that cure this condition. These methods are dependent on individual cases but include the control of endotoxemia and inflammation, as well as using the least traumatic surgical techniques, carrying out the pelvic flexure colotomy, improved anesthesia techniques, treating with continuous postoperative peritoneal lavage, the use of fluid, antibiotic and NSAIDs therapy, according to a scheme the use of different prokinetic agents (including metoclopramide, neostigmine methylsulfate and domperidone), nasogastric decompression, management to minimize the surgical and postoperative stress reaction and judicious timing of postoperative feeding of horses.
The Impact of Lifestyles on Dental Caries of Adult Patients in Udupi District: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Dental caries is preventable if favorable health behavior is successfully established. Exploring the broader concept of lifestyle will be useful to determine that how lifestyle of people can affect dental caries. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of overall lifestyle of an individual (analyzed using health practice index) on dental caries of adult population. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study comprising structured questions on health practice index, sociodemographic variables, and oral health-related behavior was conducted on 800 study subjects of age 20–50 years attending outreach dental setups of a dental school in India. Dental caries was recorded with decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index. Statistical analysis was carried out using frequency distribution for variables related to lifestyle, mean ± standard deviation for DMFT, and negative binomial regression to predict a dependent variable (DMFT) that consisted of “count data. ”Results: The study subjects who were older age, women, unemployed, and unskilled; those with lower education, lesser income, and lower socioeconomic status; those never visited dentist; and those with lesser frequency of cleaning teeth, overall poorer lifestyles, and moderate lifestyles were more prone to have dental caries than their counterparts. Conclusion: Dental caries is a multifactorial disease. Patients’ involvement in self-care by promoting healthy behaviors such as brushing twice a day, visiting dentist regularly, negating orally abusive substance addiction, having breakfast every day, eating a balanced diet, and reducing stress leads to an overall good lifestyle. These factors along with sleeping a minimum of 7–8h per night and working for 8–9h per day and ample daily exercise may help patients improve or protect their oral health for years to come.
In vitro maturation of nude caprine oocytes recovered during oocyte collection

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of granulosa cell co-culture, granulosa monolayer and hormone on in vitro maturation of nude caprine oocytes. Nude oocytes (644) having evenly granulated cytoplasm were recovered by puncture technique. The oocytes were divided into 6 groups and matured in TCM-199 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and granulosa cell co-culture/ granulosa monolayer/ hormones. After maturation (27h), the oocytes were fixed for 15 min in 2.5% (w/v) glutaraldehyde in phosphate buffer saline,washed twice with PBS, stained with 0.1mg/ml DAPI in PBS and mounted on slides. The evaluation of nuclear status was done by epiflourescence microscope by observing either a polar body release or presence of two shiny chromatin spots. The maturation rate of oocytes in group 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 were 23.47, 32.40, 31.77, 26.00, 38.09 and 51.37%, respectively. The results of the study indicated that TCM-199 supplemented with hormones and coculture granulosa cells significantly increases the maturation rate of in vitro matured nude caprine oocytes.
The COVID-19 pandemic preparedness ... or lack thereof: from China to Italy.

COVID-19, that emerged in December 2019 in the city of Wuhan, China and is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly evolved into a pandemic. Italy has become one of the largest epicentres outside Asia, accounting now for at least 80,539 infections (cumulative incidence of 95.9/100,000) and 8,165 deaths (case fatality rate 10.1%). It has seriously affected people above the age of 60 years. The International Health Regulations (IHR) revised in 2005 bind governments to disclose vital information regarding the identification and detection of new disease outbreaks regardless of its causative agent. In contrast to the previous SARS epidemic, China timely informed the world about the onset of a new outbreak. It also soon disclosed the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19. Unfortunately, despite the fast recognition of the Chinese epidemic, the application of the 2005 IHR was not followed by an effective response in every country and most health authorities failed to rapidly perceive the threat posed by COVID-19. To further complicate matters, IHR implementation, which relies primarily on self-reporting data rather than on an external review mechanism, was limited in speed and further hindered by high costs. The response in Italy suffered from several limitations within the health system and services. The action against this threat must instead be quick, firm and at the highest trans-national level. The solution lies in further strengthening countries' preparedness through a clear political commitment, mobilization of proper resources and implementation of a strict surveillance and monitoring process.
Synthesis, Characterization and Optimization of Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD) Parameters of YSZ Layer on Ti-6Al-4V Alloy substrate

The objective of present work is to study the effect of electrophoretic deposition (EPD) parameters (voltage, time and concentration) using DC current based on the thickness, porosity and coating characterizations of YSZ layer on Ti-6Al-4V alloy substrate. The Taguchi approach was used in order to determine the optimal conditions for EPD and different criteria were applied for the deposit of biochemical coatings. Yttria stabilized zirconia powder (YSZ) was deposited on Ti-6Al-4V alloy substrate by electrophoresis using ethanol as a solvent under DC, to improve the quality of alloy surface and meet the requirements of biological orthopedic application activity. Ethanol was used as solvent to precipitate chitosan and YSZ on the alloy substrate. The composition of the surface and the cross section of coatings have been described by this electrode-enabled cathodic deposition for characterization. Many tests and inspections; zeta potential, water contact angle, XRD, SEM and optical microscopes were used to characterize surface morphology of YSZ layer. Optimum conditions for deposition of YSZ layer were used at 40 volt, 2 min and 1g / l for suspension being at room temperature. The contact angles values of coatings were changed between hydrophilic 67.489°C and 35.914°C Suitable percentages of porosity with pores size of 56.601-83.505 μm were obtained.
Terrestrial Global Productivity

Contributors. Preface. Terrestrial Primary Productivity: Definitions and Milestones, J. Roy and B. Saugier. Component Processes: Canopy Photosynthesis: History, Measurements, and Models, D.D. Baldocchi and J.S. Amthor. Terrestrial Higher Plant Respiration and Net Primary Production, J.S. Amthor and D.D. Baldocchi. Phenology, Growth, and Allocation in Global Terrestrial Productivity, R.B. Jackson, M.J. Lechowicz, X. Li, and H.A. Mooney. From Plant Soil: Litter Production and Decomposition, R. Joffre and G.I. Agren. Herbivory and Trophic Interactions, S.J. McNaughton. Water, Nitrogen, Rising Atmospheric CO2, and Terrestrial Productivity, D. Loustau, B. Hungate, and B.G. Drake. How Does Biodiversity Control Primary Productivity? , J. Roy. Ecosystem Productive Performance: Productivity of Arctic Ecosystems, G. Shaver and S. Jonasson. Productivity of Boreal Forests, P.G. Jarvis, B. Saugier, and E. -D. Schulze. Productivity of Evergreen and Deciduous Temperate Forests, P.B. Reich and P. Bolstad. Productivity of Temperate Grasslands, O.E. Sala. Productivity of Agro-ecosystems, J. Goudriaan, J.J. Rob Goot, and P.W. J. Uithol. Hierarchy and Productivity of Mediterranean-Type Ecosystems, S. Rambal. Productivity of Deserts, J.R. Ehleringer. Productivity of Tropical Savannas and Grasslands, J.I. House and D.O. Hall. Productivity of Tropical Rain Forests, J. Grace, Y. Malhi, N. Higuchi, and P. Meir. Global Productivity: Determining Present Patterns of Global Productivity, W. Cramer, R.J. Olson, S.D. Prince, and J.M. O. Schurlock. Integrating Global Models of Terrestrial Primary Productivity, P. Ciais, P. Friedlingstein, A. Friend, and D.S. Schimel. Reconstructing and Modeling Past Changes in Terrestrial Primary Productivity, J. Guiot, I.C. Prentice, C. Peng, D. Jolly, F. Laarif, and B. S mith. Global Terrestrial Productivity and Carbon Balance, R.A. Houghton. Predicting the Future Productivity and Distribution of Global Terrestrial Vegetation, F.I. Woodward, M.R. Lomas, and S.E. Lee. Estimations of Global Terrestrial Productivity: Converging Toward a Single Number? , B. Saugier, J. Roy, and H.A. Mooney. Index. Previous Volumes in Series.