Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hemodynamic Changes Comparing Lidocaine HCl With Epinephrine and Articaine HCl With Epinephrine

Background The aim of the present study was to analyze hemodynamic changes after the administration of either 2% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100,000 (L100) or 4% articaine with epinephrine 1:200,000 (A200) in the surgical removal of symmetrically positioned lower third molars. Methods A prospective, randomized, double-blind, clinical trial was carried out involving 43 patients. Each patient underwent 2 surgeries on different occasions—one under local anesthesia with L100 and the other with A200. The following parameters were assessed at 4 different times: systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure; heart rate; oxygen saturation; rate pressure product (RPP); and pressure rate quotient (PRQ). Results No hypertensive peak was observed in systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure at any evaluation time. Moreover, the type of anesthetic solution did not affect diastolic blood pressure, oxygen saturation or PRQ during the surgeries. Statistically significant differences between groups were detected with regard to heart rate and RPP (P < 0.05). Conclusions The epinephrine concentration (1:100,000 or 1:200,000) and local anesthetic solutions used (2% lidocaine or 4% articaine) influenced hemodynamic parameters without perceptible clinical changes in healthy patients undergoing lower third molar removal.
Studies in adjustment to visible injuries; evaluation of help by the injured.

In the course of interviews with 113 persons with handicapping injuries, attitudes about help were solicited. Widely varying responses are classified as non-social effects, social aspects, and personal implications. Help is rejected if it blocks the achievement of the injured person, or if it implies inferiority or an intrusion of privacy. Help is acceptable if it is matter-of-fact, not overdone, and if it is skillful and effective. Help should be offered and given only if it is wanted, and care should be taken not to make the injured person seem conspicuous. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)
Infection with Seasonal Influenza Virus Elicits CD4 T Cells Specific for Genetically Conserved Epitopes That Can Be Rapidly Mobilized for Protective Immunity to Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus

ABSTRACT In recent years, influenza viruses with pandemic potential have been a major concern worldwide. One unresolved issue is how infection or vaccination with seasonal influenza virus strains influences the ability to mount a protective immune response to novel pandemic strains. In this study, we developed a mouse model of primary and secondary influenza infection by using a widely circulating seasonal H1N1 virus and the pandemic strain of H1N1 that emerged in Mexico in 2009, and we evaluated several key issues. First, using overlapping peptide libraries encompassing the entire translated sequences of 5 major influenza virus proteins, we assessed the specificity of CD4 T cell reactivity toward epitopes conserved among H1N1 viruses or unique to the seasonal or pandemic strain by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assays. Our data show that CD4 T cells reactive to both virus-specific and genetically conserved epitopes are elicited, allowing separate tracking of these responses. Populations of cross-reactive CD4 T cells generated from seasonal influenza infection were found to expand earlier after secondary infection with the pandemic H1N1 virus than CD4 T cell populations specific for new epitopes. Coincident with this rapid CD4 T cell response was a potentiated neutralizing-antibody response to the pandemic strain and protection from the pathological effects of infection with the pandemic virus. This protection was not dependent on CD8 T cells. Together, our results indicate that exposure to seasonal vaccines and infection elicits CD4 T cells that promote the ability of the mammalian host to mount a protective immune response to pandemic strains of influenza virus.
Introduction to focus issue: dynamics in systems biology.

The methods of nonlinear systems form an extensive toolbox for the study of biology, and systems biology provides a rich source of motivation for the development of new mathematical techniques and the furthering of understanding of dynamical systems. This Focus Issue collects together a large variety of work which highlights the complementary nature of these two fields, showing what each has to offer the other. While a wide range of subjects is covered, the papers often have common themes such as "rhythms and oscillations," "networks and graph theory," and "switches and decision making. " There is a particular emphasis on the links between experimental data and modeling and mathematical analysis.
Palmeras fósiles del norte de México

OCHO PALMERAS FOSILES DEL NORTE DE MEXICO SE DESCRIBEN Y COMPARAN CON TALLOS, RAICES Y PERIODOS DE PALMERAS FOSILES Y ACTUALES, REGISTRANDOSE COMO ESPECIES NUEVAS CON BASE EN LAS DIFERENCIAS ANATOMICAS DE SUS EJES VEGETATIVOS. CINCO SON IDENTIFICADAS CON BASE EN SU TALLO, DOS CON BASE EN SUS RAICES, Y UNA POR TALLO, RAIZ Y PECIOLO. LOS TALLOS DE LAS NUEVAS PALMERAS FOSILES SE DISTINGUEN ENTRE SI POR EL DIAMETRO RADIAL DE LOS HACES VASCULARES, LA RELACION FIBRO-BRASCULAR, LA PRESENCIA/AUSENCIA DE FIBRAS Y/O PARENQUIMA DELIMITANDO LA REGION VASCULAR DE LOS HACES VASCULARES, LA PRESENCIA/AUSENCIA DE HACES FIBROSOS, Y EN FORMA Y ORGANIZACION DE LAS CELULAS DEL TEJIDO FUNDAMENTAL. LAS RAICES SE DISTINGUEN ENTRE SI POR LA PRESENCIA/AUSENCIA DE HIPODERMIS, ARREGLO DE LAS CELULAS DEL CORTEX MEDIO, NUMERO DE VASOS DE METAXILEMA JUNTO CON LA PRESENCIA/AUSENCIA DE ESTOS EN LA MEDULA. ESTOS NUEVOS REGISTROS JUNTO CON OTROS DEL SUR DE MEXICO PREVIAMENTE PUBLICADOS HACEN UN TOTAL DE 13 PAMERAS FOSILES QUE CON BASE EN LOS ORGANOS CONSERVADOS NO SE RELACIONAN CON PALMERAS ACTUALES. AUNQUE LA EDAD DEL MATERIAL VARIA DEL CRETACICOS SUPERIOR AL OLIGOCENO/MIOCENO Y SU DISTRIBUCION GEOGRAFICA ES DISTINTA, YA QUE FUE COLECTADO EN LOS ESTADOS DE BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR, SONORA, COAHULILA Y NUEVO LEON, OBSERVACIONES PRELIMINARES SUGIEREN QUE ALGUNAS DE ESTAS PALMERAS TENIAN HABITO ARBORESCENTE Y OTRAS HERBACE POR LO QUE SU PAPEL EN LAS COMUNIDADES DEL PASADO PUDO TENER CIERTA SIMILITUD CON EL DE LOS MIEMBROS ACTUALES DEL GRUPO.
A Nanoscale Characterization with Electron Microscopy of Multilayered CrAlYN Coatings: A Singular Functional Nanostructure

Abstract A combination of transmission electron microscopy techniques and spatially resolved microanalysis is used to investigate the nanostructure, constituting phases, and chemical elemental distribution in CrAlYN multilayered coatings. The location of the metallic elements and their chemical state are needed to understand their functional properties. Samples were prepared with variable Al (4–12 at%) and Y (2–5 at%) contents by direct current reactive magnetron sputtering on silicon substrates using metallic targets and Ar/N2 mixtures under different deposition parameters (power applied to the target and rotation speed of the sample holder). The changes produced in the nanostructure and chemical distribution were investigated. Nanoscale resolution electron microscopy analysis has shown that these coatings present a singular nanostructure formed by multilayers containing at a certain periodicity nanovoids filled with molecular nitrogen. Spatially resolved energy dispersive spectroscopy and electron energy loss elemental mappings and profiles showed that the chromium, aluminum, and yttrium atoms are distributed in a sequential way following the position of the targets inside the deposition chamber. Analysis of the different atomic distribution and phases formed at the nanoscale is discussed depending on the deposition parameters.
Treatment of Wilms tumor relapsing after initial treatment with vincristine and actinomycin D: A report from the National Wilms Tumor Study Group

NWTS‐5 was a multi‐institutional clinical trial for patients less than 16 years of age at diagnosis with specific renal neoplasms who were diagnosed between August 1, 1995 and May 31, 2002. A uniform approach to the treatment of patients with relapse was employed.
The Roles of MHC Class II, CD40, and B7 Costimulation in CTL Induction by Plasmid DNA1

DNA-based vaccines generate potent CTL responses. The mechanism of T cell stimulation has been attributed to plasmid-transfected dendritic cells. These cells have also been shown to express plasmid-encoded proteins and to become activated by surface marker up-regulation. However, the increased surface expression of CD40 and B7 on these dendritic cells is insufficient to overcome the need for MHC class II-restricted CD4+ T cell help in the priming of a CTL response. In this study, MHC class II−/− mice were unable to generate a CTL response following DNA immunization. This deficit in CTL stimulation by MHC class II-deficient mice was only modestly restored with CD40-activating Ab, suggesting that there were other elements provided by MHC class II-restricted T cell help for CTL induction. CTL activity was also augmented by coinjection with a vector encoding the costimulatory ligand B7.1, but not B7.2. These data indicate that dendritic cells in plasmid DNA-injected mice require conditioning signals from MHC class II-restricted T cells that are both CD40 dependent and independent and that there are different roles for costimulatory molecules that may be involved in inducing optimal CTL activity.
Integrity of Escherichia coli P pili during biogenesis: properties and role of PapJ

The papJ gene of uropathogenic Escherichia coli is required to maintain the integrity of Galα(1‐4)Gal‐binding P pili. Electron microscopy and ELISA have established that strains carrying the papJ1 mutant allele have a large amount of pilus antigen free of the cells. In contrast to the whole pili released by strains unable to produce the PapH pilus anchor, the free papJ1 pili consist of variably sized segments that appear to result from Internal breakages to the pilus. The DNA sequence of papJ is presented and its gene product identified as an 18kD periplasmic protein that possesses homology with nucleotide‐binding proteins. PapJ may function as a ‘molecular chaperone’ directly or indirectly establishing the correct assembly of PapA subunits in the P pilus.
Neuropathology of White Matter Lesions in Vascular Cognitive Impairment

The white matter is an important locus for tissue damage in vascular cognitive impairment and white matter lesions often dominate over gray matter changes. The spectrum of ischemic white matter lesions histopathologically represents focal and diffuse lesions, the most common form being the combination of both, in varying proportions. In the combined pathology, the diffuse lesion represents a gradient zone of damage towards surrounding normal tissue and may hold over 200 times the volume of an identified focal lesion, the lacunar infarct. Pathogenetically, the focal lesion results from the acute reaction to regional ischemia, while the diffuse white matter lesion represents the adjustment to altered perfusional and physiological conditions within the tissue.
The Tarski Problems and Their Solutions

Around 1945, Alfred Tarski proposed several questions concerning the elementary theory of non-abelian free groups. These remained open for 60 years until they were proved by O. Kharlampovich and A. Myasnikov and independently by Z. Sela. The proofs, by both sets of authors, were monumental and involved the development of several new areas of infinite group theory. In this paper we explain precisely the Tarski problems and what has been actually proved. We then discuss the history of the solution as well as the components of the proof. We then provide the basic strategy for the proof. We finish this paper with a brief discussion of elementary free groups.
Fractal Texture Analysis of Perfusion Lung Scans

The purpose of this study is to investigate if fractal texture analysis can assist in the diagnostic interpretation of perfusion lung scans. Forty-five perfusion scans were acquired from patients with clinical suspicion of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) who underwent pulmonary angiography for final diagnosis. Fractal texture analysis was performed on 270 regions of interest (ROIs) extracted from the posterior view of the lung scans. Specifically, there were 94 normally perfused ROIs and 176 abnormal ROIs representing various lung diseases including PE and obstructive pulmonary disease (OPD). The average fractal dimension (FD) of normal ROIs was statistically significantly higher than that of abnormal ROIs. Furthermore, the FDs of abnormal ROIs with PE were significantly lower than the FDs of ROIs with OPD present.
Autonomy and School Improvement

New “autonomy initiatives” aim to increase schools’ decision-making authority as a strategy to leverage school improvement. These policies build on lessons of previous reforms such as site-based management in ways that bode well for their success. However, how are these policies actually faring in implementation? The authors addressed that question with a comprehensive research review. Findings reveal that these reforms are posting better results than previous efforts but, overall, results are still quite limited. The autonomy provisions of the policies generally go unimplemented. Accordingly, improved results for participating schools may stem from supports for implementation other than the promised autonomy.
Transumbilical Single-Incision Laparoscopic Resection of Focal Hepatic Lesions

Background and Objectives: Transumbilical single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) is gaining in popularity as a minimally invasive technique. The reduced pain and superior cosmetic appearance it affords make it attractive to many patients. For this study, we focused on SILS, analyzing the outcomes of transumbilical single-incision laparoscopic liver resection (SILLR) achieved at our institution between January 2010 and February 2013. Patients and Methods: Pre- and postoperative data from 17 patients subjected to transumbilical SILLR for various hepatic lesions (8 hemangiomas, 2 hepatocellular carcinomas, 2 metastases, 2 calculi of left intrahepatic duct, and 3 adenomas) were assessed. Altogether, eight wedge resections, seven left lateral lobectomies, a combination wedge resection/left lateral lobectomy, and a proximal left hemihepatectomy segmentectomy were performed, as well as four simultaneous laparoscopic cholecystectomies. In each instance, three ports were installed through an umbilical incision. Once vessels and bleeding were controlled, the lesion(s) were resected with 5-mm margins of normal liver. Resected tissues were then bagged and withdrawn through the umbilical incision. The follow-up period lasted for a minimum of 6 months. Results: All 17 patients were successfully treated through a single umbilical incision. The procedures required 55 to 185 minutes to complete, with blood loss of 30 to 830 mL. Subjects regained bowel activity 0.8 to 2.3 days postoperatively and were discharged after 3 to 10 days. There were few complications (23.5%), limited to pleural effusion, wound infection, and incisional hernia. Conclusions: Transumbilical SILLR is challenging to perform through conventional laparoscopic instrumentation. The risk of bleeding and technical difficulties is high for lesions of the posterosuperior hepatic segment. Surgical candidates should be carefully selected to optimize the benefits of this technique.
Oxidation of bisphenol A by UV/S2O : Comparison with UV/H2O2

The UV/S2O process was applied to decompose bisphenol A (BPA), which is a representative endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC), and was comared with the UV/H2O2 process. The BPA degradation efficiency by UV/S2O was increased by increasing S2O concentration or decreasing BPA concentration. The presence of humic acid caused an inhibitory effect. The BPA oxidation rate by UV/S2O was increased in the following order: neutral pH (pH i=7)<acidic pH (pH i=4)<basic pH (pH i=10). The main oxidizing species in the UV/S2O system was sulphate radical (SO ), whereas the main oxidizing species in the UV/H2O2 system was OH radical (OHċ). Compared with UV/H2O2, the UV/S2O process showed higher performance for not only BPA degradation but also its mineralization, which means that SO is a more effective oxidant for BPA than the OH ċ. The results shown in this study imply that the SO -based UV/S2O process can be an excellent alternative process for the widely used UV/H2O2 process, with higher remediation performance.
Podocin mutations in a patient with congenital nephrotic syndrome and cardiac malformation

Recent genetic studies have identifi ed four different causative genes for familial cases of nephrotic syndrome (NS): NPHS1 , NPHS2 and ACTN4 . A new gene locus of autosomal dominant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) has been mapped to chromosome 11q21-22. 1 – 5 NPHS2 , which was mapped to chromosome 1q25-31 and encodes podocin, causes autosomal recessive steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). Podocytes are highly specialized cells located on the external side of the glomerular capillary walls. 6,7 Podocin is expressed in lipid rafts at the insertion of the slit diaphragm in podocytes and interacts with other membrane proteins such as nephrin, NEPH1 , CD2AP , and regulates protein fi ltration. 6,7
A PROTEOLYTIC ENZYME PRODUCED BY GROUP A STREPTOCOCCI WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS EFFECT ON THE TYPE-SPECIFIC M ANTIGEN

1. Group A streptococci sometimes produce in broth culture an extracellular proteolytic enzyme. 2. Under suitable cultural conditions the enzyme has been demonstrated in representative cultures of most of the Griffith types. Its production by a given strain may be suppressed by serial passage through mice and the variant so produced has been found to maintain this change in character on subculture in artificial media. 3. Under certain conditions, the enzyme attacks the type-specific M antigens of all the group A streptococci so far tested, with the exception of that of type 28. The enzyme exhibits its maximal activity at 37°C. : Extracts made from enzyme-producing cultures which have been grown at this temperature lack the M antigen; enzyme-producing strains may sometimes be induced to yield M substance in extracts by culturing the streptococci at 22° C. Cultures which, when grown at 37° C. yield M substance in extracts, do not produce the enzyme. 4. Human and rabbit fibrin are attacked and streptococcal fibrinolysin is also inactivated by the enzyme. Other susceptible substrates include casein, milk, gelatin, and benzoyl-l-arginineamide but not l-leucylglycylglycine. 5. The general properties of the enzyme resemble those of papain and some of the cathepsins: It is active under the reducing conditions produced in broth cultures by the presence of living bacteria; it is also activated by substances which reduce disulfide to sulfhydryl groups, e.g. potassium cyanide, cysteine, glutathione, and thioglycollic acid, but it is not activated by ascorbic acid. The enzyme is inactivated by iodoacetic acid and also by normal rabbit or mouse serum.
Activation of the EBV‐cycle and aggregation of human blood lymphocytes by the tumor promoters teleocidin, lyngbyatoxin a, aplysiatoxin and debromoaplysiatoxin

A variety of tumor promoters such as the phorbol esters were found to be capable of inducing the viral cycle in cell lines latently infected with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV). We tested two classes of new tumor promoters; indole alkaloids and polyacetates, for their ability to induce the synthesis of the Epstein‐Barr virus determined early antigen (EA) complex. Teleocidin and lyngbyatoxin A are indole alkaloids. Aplysiatoxin and debromoaplysiatoxin are polyacetates. Of these four tumor promoters all but debromoaplysiatoxin induced the synthesis of the EA complex. However, in combination with 3 mM n‐butyrate, all four induced EA synthesis. The potent tumor promoters teleocidin, lyngbyatoxin A and aplysiatoxin induced maximal synthesis of EA at the concentration of 5 to 10 ng/ml, whereas the weak tumor promoter debromoaplysiatoxin required a concentration of 250 ng/ml to achieve maximal induction. Phorbol esters induce quick morphological changes and aggregation of human blood lymphocytes. The latter phenomenon has been interpreted as the expression of a “cell binding phenotype” (Patarroyo et al., in press). We showed that all four promoters induced aggregation of human lymphocytes at similar concentrations. The induction seemed to be a common effect which could be induced by both strong and weak tumor promoters.
A STUDY ON THE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF ANTICANCER DRUGS IN AN ONCOLOGY CENTER OF A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Objective: To study the occurrence and management of adverse effects associated with the use of anticancer drugs in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: It was a single centered, observational study. Patients receiving chemotherapy were interviewed for information on type of adverse effects and the other pertinent information like demographics, diagnosis, treatment, drugs used to manage the adverse effects were collected from the patient’s medical records. The data was categorized based on type of cancers, adverse effects and agents used to manage the adverse effects. Results: Out of the total 130 cases evaluated, 60 (46.2%) were males and 70 (53.8%) were females. The most prevalent cancer among females was found to be breast (40%) and cervical (11.4%) whereas lung (10%) and urinary bladder (8.3%) were common among males. Nausea (48.5%), vomiting (31.5%), decreased appetite (39.2%), alopecia (37.7%), anaemia (35.4%), nail discoloration (30%) were the most frequently reported adverse effects. The premedications commonly used were Ondansetron, Dexamethasone, Aprepitant and proton pump inhibitors individually or in combination. Conclusion: Study revealed that all patients receiving cytotoxic drugs suffer one or more AEs. The prevalence of AEs was considerable high inspite of the use of existing premedications. Attempts to minimize the AEs associated with the anticancer drugs should be focused on increasing awareness through educational intervention and development of preventive measures for improved quality of life.
Aprendizagem organizacional em empresas de grande porte de Guarapuava: um estudo de múltiplos casos

O contexto organizacional tem passado por um rapido processo de mudanca, exigindo uma nova maneira de pensar e agir. Diante disso, a aprendizagem organizacional assume seu papel como fator de competitividade. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo e analisar de que maneira e ate que ponto a estrutura, o ambiente e a cultura influenciam na aprendizagem organizacional em organizacoes de grande porte da cidade de Guarapuava, Estado do Parana, e se ha preocupacao dos gestores com relacao a aprendizagem tanto individual quanto organizacional. A abordagem metodologica foi o estudo de multiplos casos, para o qual foram realizadas entrevistas com dez gestores da area de recursos humanos e planejamento, no mes de maio de 2007, utilizando-se questionarios semiestruturados. Apos a revisao de literatura, foram analisados qualitativamente os dados das entrevistas e descritos as influencias dos aspectos de estrutura, ambiente e cultura para a aprendizagem organizacional nas organizacoes estudadas, alem dos fatores estruturais, ambientais e culturais predominantes. Os resultados demonstraram que as organizacoes e seus gestores estao preocupados em desenvolver a aprendizagem organizacional como fator de competitividade no ambiente complexo em que estao inseridos; e que os tres aspectos estudados – estrutura, ambiente e cultura – influenciam positiva ou negativamente na construcao de conhecimentos nas organizacoes.