Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of stage IIB osteosarcoma treated by limb salvage surgery using extracorporeally irradiated (ECI) autograft

Background: Extracorporeally irradiated (ECI) technique is an alternative of limb salvage procedure in treating osteosarcoma regarding limitation of endoprosthesis and allograft. This study evaluated the outcomes of limb salvage surgery using extracorporeally irradiated (ECI) autograft and its correlation with patient’s characteristics. Methods: Retrospective cohort design was performed to study 20 patients with stage IIB osteosarcoma treated by ECI autograft from 1995 to 2008. Survival, local recurrence, metastases, complications, union time and functional score based on Musculoskeletal Tumor Society scoring system-(MSTS) were evaluated. Kaplan-Meier method was used to describe survival, local recurrence free survival, and metastases free survival. The correlation among patient’s characteristics that were age, gender, duration, site of tumor size, type of osteosarcoma, SAP (serum alkaline phosphatase) level, type of biopsy, and type of Huvos were analyzed by Log rank test. Chi-square test was used to analyze the correlation between MSTS score and patient’s characteristics, local recurrence, metastases, complications. Results: Five-year survival was 54.97 ± 9.8 %, five-year local recurrence free survival was 66.5 ± 7.6%, and five year metastasis-free survival was 57.13 ± 10.04%. Six patients died, five were due to lung metastases and one due to complication of chemotherapy. Three underwent amputation after local recurrence. Kaplan-Meier curve showed that a good type of Huvos (III, IV) always gave better survival, local recurrence free survival, and metastases free survival than poor type of Huvos (I,II). Normal SAP level gave better local recurrence free survival compare to increased level of SAP. Mean of union rate was 8.13 months. MSTS mean score was good (70.63%) in patients with no evidence of disease. MSTS score was poor in patients with local recurrence (p = 0.025), metastases (p = 0.01), complications (p = 0.03), and the combined of those three outcomes (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Functional outcome was poor in patients with local recurrence, metastases, and complications. SAP level and type of Huvos could be studied further as predictive factors for the outcomes (survival, local recurrence, metastases). (Med J Indones 2011; 20:131-7) Keywords: extracorporeally irradiated autograft (ECI), osteosarcoma stage IIB, outcomes
Etude de mécanismes moléculaires de l’évolution

Les travaux initiaux du laboratoire etaient orientes vers la description des mecanismes de l’adaptation de proteines isolees des Archaea halophiles. En analysant un grand nombre de donnees biochimiques, structurales au regard du concept de l’evolution, j’ai pu etablir l’existence d’une nouvelle famille enzymatique : les LDH-like Malate Deshydrogenase dont je suis devenu un referent : (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/cddsrv.cgi? uid=cd01339). Toutes ces donnees ont ete croisees a une etude phylogenetique qui m’a permis de decrire l’histoire evolutive de la super famille des malates (MalDH) et des lactates deshydrogenases (LDH). Cette famille est desormais consideree comme un vivier extremement riche pour trouver de nombreuses enzymes presentant des caracteristiques specifiques d’adaptation a diverses contraintes physico-chimiques. Le dossier permet de voir que la combinaison de diverses methodologies appliquees a l’etude de differentes enzymes (MalDH et LDH) permet de decortiquer en grands details les mecanismes de l’adaptation. Les resultats obtenus font que cette famille enzymatique est une de celles qui est actuellement la mieux comprise en terme de relation repliement-structure-fonction-dynamique et evolution. Dans une deuxieme partie, j’exposerai brievement, comment ma reflexion a permis d’aller vers la caracterisation d’une nouvelle famille de deshydrogenase qui presente un nouveau motif de repliement, different des deshydrogenases connues jusqu’a present. Je montrerai aussi qu’il est vraisemblablement possible d’aller sonder les proprietes structurales d’une proteine ayant echappe au controle du repliement
Electron microscopic localization of binucleate cells in the sheep placenta using phosphotungstic acid.

Phosphotungstic acid (PTA) under certain conditions produces an extremely selective high density staining of the microvillar junction and the granules of binucleate cells, but few other components in the sheep placenta. Granules similar in staining properties are also found in the syncytiat layer. At all stages examined (Days 29â€”142) of normal pregnancy, a significant number of binucleate cells are found interrupting the microvillar junction staining, some deeply indenting the syncytium. The PTA staining emphasizes the similarity between binudeate cell and syncytiat nuclei and their difference from the rest of the nuclei. The possible normal formation of syncytium from binucleate cells is briefly discussed.
A Methodology for semi-automatic structuring of a bilingual lexicographical corpus: the French-Kabyle case (Méthodologie pour la structuration semi-automatique du corpus dans une perspective de traitement automatique des langues : le cas du dictionnaire français-kabyle) [in French]

Résumé L’objectif de cette contribution est de proposer une méthodologie nouvelle de structuration de corpus à l’aide d’outils informatiques récents permettant aux linguistes non-spécialistes en informatique de constituer des corpus structurés en vue de leur exploration par des outils de traitement automatique des langues naturelles. Il s’agit, plus exactement, de présenter le processus d’informatisation du Dictionnaire français-kabyle (19021903) et ce depuis sa numérisation, en passant par sa structuration, à la constitution d’une base de données lexicales interrogeables en ligne. Cette méthodologie économe en temps de travail qualifié a le mérite de donner des résultats probants en termes de structuration d’un corpus numérique bilingue facile à enrichir et à partager.
Risk factors for suicide in patients with schizophrenia: Nested case–control study

Background Of 9156 patients admitted to psychiatric hospitals in Denmark between 1970 and 1987 and diagnosed for the first time as having schizophrenia, 508 committed suicide. The purpose of the study was to identify risk factors for suicide among patients with schizophrenia, particularly factors relating to hospitalisation. Method From the cohort of all 9156 patients, the 508 who had committed suicide were individually matched to 10 controls from the same cohort, and data were analysed using conditional logistic regression. Results Suicide risk was particularly high during the first 5 days after discharge, and increased risk was also associated with multiple admissions during the previous year, previous suicide attempts, previous diagnosis of depression, male gender, and previous admissions to general hospitals for physical disorders. After adjusting for these factors, no effect was found for age. There was some evidence of an excess of suicides during temporary leave from the psychiatric department. Conclusions The findings suggest that preventive measures could be focused on the first period after discharge, when closer monitoring and better social support may be needed. This may also apply to patients on temporary leave during a period of admission.
Comprehensive analysis of the candidate genes CCL2, CCR2, and TLR4 in age-related macular degeneration.

PURPOSE To determine whether variants in the candidate genes TLR4, CCL2, and CCR2 are associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS This study was performed in two independent Caucasian populations that included 357 cases and 173 controls from the Netherlands and 368 cases and 368 controls from the United States. Exon 4 of the TLR4 gene and the promoter, all exons, and flanking intronic regions of the CCL2 and CCR2 genes were analyzed in the Dutch study and common variants were validated in the U.S. study. Quantitative (q)PCR reactions were performed to evaluate expression of these genes in laser-dissected retinal pigment epithelium from 13 donor AMD and 13 control eyes. RESULTS Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TLR4 gene did not show a significant association between D299G or T399I and AMD, nor did haplotypes containing these variants. Univariate analyses of the SNPs in CCL2 and CCR2 did not demonstrate an association with AMD. For CCR2, haplotype frequencies were not significantly different between cases and controls. For CCL2, one haplotype containing the minor allele of C35C was significantly associated with AMD (P = 0.03), but this did not sustain after adjustment for multiple testing (q = 0.30). Expression analysis did not demonstrate altered RNA expression of CCL2 and CCR2 in the retinal pigment epithelium from AMD eyes (for CCL2 P = 0.62; for CCR2 P = 0.97). CONCLUSIONS No evidence was found of an association between TLR4, CCR2, and CCL2 and AMD, which implies that the common genetic variation in these genes does not play a significant role in the etiology of AMD.
A face robot able to recognize and produce facial expression

We are attempting to introduce a 3-dimensional realistic human-like animate face robot to interactive communication modality. The face robot can recognize human facial expressions as well as produce realistic facial expressions. For the face robot to communicate interactively, we propose a new concept of "Active Human Interface"; and we investigate the performance of real-time recognition of facial expressions by neural network (NN) and the expressionability of facial messages on the face robot. We find that the NN recognition of facial expressions and face robot's performance in generating facial expressions are of almost same level as that in humans. This implies a high potential for the animate face robot to undertake interactive communication with human.
Therapeutic human papillomavirus vaccines: current clinical trials and future directions

Background: Cervical cancer is the second largest cause of cancer deaths in women worldwide. It is now evident that persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is necessary for the development and maintenance of cervical cancer. Thus, effective vaccination against HPV represents an opportunity to restrain cervical cancer and other important cancers. The FDA recently approved the HPV vaccine Gardasil for the preventive control of HPV, using HPV virus-like particles (VLP) to generate neutralizing antibodies against major capsid protein, L1. However, prophylactic HPV vaccines do not have therapeutic effects against pre-existing HPV infections and HPV-associated lesions. Furthermore, due to the considerable burden of HPV infections worldwide, it would take decades for preventive vaccines to affect the prevalence of cervical cancer. Thus, in order to speed up the control of cervical cancer and treat current infections, the continued development of therapeutic vaccines against HPV is critical. Therapeutic HPV vaccines can potentially eliminate pre-existing lesions and malignant tumors by generating cellular immunity against HPV-infected cells that express early viral proteins such as E6 and E7. Objective: This review discusses the future directions of therapeutic HPV vaccine approaches for the treatment of established HPV-associated malignancies, with emphasis on current progress of HPV vaccine clinical trials. Methods: Relevant literature is discussed. Results/conclusion: Though their development has been challenging, many therapeutic HPV vaccines have been shown to induce HPV-specific antitumor immune responses in preclinical animal models and several promising strategies have been applied in clinical trials. With continued progress in the field of vaccine development, HPV therapeutic vaccines may provide a potentially promising approach for the control of lethal HPV-associated malignancies.
Population, Impartiality and Sustainability in the Neoclassical Growth Model

A resolution is offered to Koopmans’ (1965, 1967a) "paradox of the indefinitely postponed splurge"-i.e. the incompatibility of undiscounted utilitarianism and population weighting in the context of the infinite-horizon neoclassical growth model with exponential population growth. The resolution builds on the conflict between splurging (i.e. dissaving) and sustainability. Consumption paths which contain splurges are not sustained, because they involve reductions in consumption at some point. Thus disallowing unsustained paths removes the incentive to save for a splurge. A modified utilitarian objective is presented which embodies the commitment to sustainability, as well as impartiality and the golden rule. Maximization over the neoclassical technology yields a monotonically increasing path to the golden rule. The underlying ethical position is described as an intergenerational contract: early generations are willing to sacrifice some consumption to build up the capital stock while future generations are morally obligated to limit consumption to the golden rule.
Hallux limitus and its relationship with the internal rotational pattern of the lower limb.

BACKGROUND The aims of this study were to determine whether individuals with mild hallux limitus show a diminished capacity of internal rotation of the lower limb compared with those without hallux limitus and whether individuals with mild hallux limitus show an increased foot progression angle. METHODS In 80 study participants (35 with normal feet and 45 with mild hallux limitus), the capacity of internal rotation of the lower limb (internal rotational pattern), hallux dorsiflexion, and the foot progression angle were measured. The values for internal rotational pattern and foot progression angle were compared between the two study groups, and the correlations between these variables were studied. RESULTS The capacity of internal rotation of the lower limb was significantly lesser in patients with mild hallux limitus (P < .0001). There was no significant difference in foot progression angle between the two groups (P = .115). The Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.638 (P < .0001) for the relationship between internal rotational pattern and hallux dorsiflexion. CONCLUSIONS Patients with mild hallux limitus had a lesser capacity of internal rotation of the lower extremity than did individuals in the control group. The more limited the internal rotational pattern of the lower limb, the more limited was hallux dorsiflexion. The foot progression angle was similar in both groups.
War Neurosis, Adjustment Problems in Veterans, and an Ill Nation: The Disciplinary Project of American Psychiatry during and after World War II

After World War II, the confidence of American psychiatrists was at an all‐time high as a result of their successful participation in the war. When the incidence of mental breakdown in the American armed forces rose to unprecedented heights, new and effective psychotherapeutic methods were developed to treat the traumatic effects of the extraordinary stresses of warfare. At the same time, social scientists concluded that breakdown incidence was inversely related to morale, which led to the development of preventive measures aimed at specific groups. Both initiatives stimulated a number of psychiatrists to plan projects of social engineering after the war. They first focused on aiding the reintegration of returning veterans. Later, they addressed the poor mental health of the American population as a whole, which they considered to be the consequence of faulty child‐rearing methods.
DECoupled Application Data Enroute (DECADE)

Content distribution applications, such as those employing peer-to- peer (P2P) technologies, are widely used on the Internet and make up a large portion of the traffic in many networks. Often, however, content distribution applications use network resources inefficiently. One way to improve efficiency is to introduce storage capabilities within the network and enable cooperation between end-host and in-network content distribution mechanisms. This is the capability provided by a DECoupled Application Data Enroute (DECADE) system, which is introduced in this document. DECADE enables applications to take advantage of in-network storage when distributing data objects as opposed to using solely end-to-end resources. This document presents the underlying principles and key functionalities of such a system and illustrates operation through a set of examples.
The SPD approach to deploy service‐based applications in the cloud

Cloud computing is becoming more and more an essential component in the cyberspace system. In this context, Cloud providers offer a multitude of resources and services that constitute a heterogeneous ecosystem and a new economic model. However, several issues remain to be addressed so that the Cloud becomes an efficient part of the cyber‐physical system. In this paper, we propose to address a platform as‐a‐service (PaaS) drawback that we noted as part of our work on service‐based applications deployment in Cloud platforms. To deal with that, we propose a new approach that we called SPD approach to provision appropriate platform resources and ensure hosting and deployment of applications based on Service Component Architecture or business process orchestration (Business Process Execution Language) specifications in Cloud platforms. The SPD approach stands for the three main steps of the process that we have defined, that is, (1) slice the application deployables into a set of elementary services, (2) package them into our already developed service micro‐containers, and then (3) deploy the obtained service micro‐containers in a target PaaS provider. Our approach is a PaaS‐independent approach that allows developers to deploy service‐based applications on any PaaS regardless of its capabilities. To illustrate our approach and to experiment its performances, we provide two realistic use cases scenarios, that is, a Service Component Architecture‐based application and a Business Process Execution Language‐based process deployment in Cloud Foundry PaaS. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drivers of population genetic differentiation in the wild: isolation by dispersal limitation, isolation by adaptation and isolation by colonization

Empirical population genetic studies have been dominated by a neutralist view, according to which gene flow and drift are the main forces driving population genetic structure in nature. The neutralist view in essence describes a process of isolation by dispersal limitation (IBDL) that generally leads to a pattern of isolation by distance (IBD). Recently, however, conceptual frameworks have been put forward that view local genetic adaptation as an important driver of population genetic structure. Isolation by adaptation (IBA) and monopolization (M) posit that gene flow among natural populations is reduced as a consequence of local genetic adaptation. IBA stresses that effective gene flow is reduced among habitats that show dissimilar ecological characteristics, leading to a pattern of isolation by environment. In monopolization, local genetic adaptation of initial colonizing genotypes results in a reduction in gene flow that fosters the persistence of founder effects. Here, we relate these different processes driving landscape genetic structure to patterns of IBD and isolation by environment (IBE). We propose a method to detect whether IBDL, IBA and M shape genetic differentiation in natural landscapes by studying patterns of variation at neutral and non‐neutral markers as well as at ecologically relevant traits. Finally, we reinterpret a representative number of studies from the recent literature by associating patterns to processes and identify patterns associated with local genetic adaptation to be as common as IBDL in structuring regional genetic variation of populations in the wild. Our results point to the importance of quantifying environmental gradients and incorporating ecology in the analysis of population genetics.
Leo Rangell: the journey of a developed Freudian.

Leo Rangell has made countless contributions to the field of psychoanalysis. This paper presents an overview and a more detailed account of the development of his work. Rangell has advocated for the unification of psychoanalytic theory in what he calls a “total composite psychoanalytic theory. ” He placed unconscious intrapsychic conflicts at the center of “the human core” and elaborated on five interconnected and contiguous psychic phenomena. These included: anxiety, the "intrapsychic process," a new ego function of unconscious decision-making, the syndrome of the compromise of integrity, and the exercise of free will as an aspect of ego autonomy. Through the development of this intricate and cumulative model he has added significantly to our understanding of clinical and theoretical issues and provided us with wise counsel on complex group, organizational and political dilemmas. His work has focused on how these specific intrapsychic events lead to action as they affect and are affected by the varieties of human experience.
A Hybrid Acoustic and Pronunciation Model Adaptation Approach for Non-native Speech Recognition

In this paper, we propose a hybrid model adaptation approach in which pronunciation and acoustic models are adapted by incorporating the pronunciation and acoustic variabilities of non-native speech in order to improve the performance of non-native automatic speech recognition (ASR). Specifically, the proposed hybrid model adaptation can be performed at either the state-tying or triphone-modeling level, depending at which acoustic model adaptation is performed. In both methods, we first analyze the pronunciation variant rules of non-native speakers and then classify each rule as either a pronunciation variant or an acoustic variant. The state-tying level hybrid method then adapts pronunciation models and acoustic models by accommodating the pronunciation variants in the pronunciation dictionary and by clustering the states of triphone acoustic models using the acoustic variants, respectively. On the other hand, the triphone-modeling level hybrid method initially adapts pronunciation models in the same way as in the state-tying level hybrid method; however, for the acoustic model adaptation, the triphone acoustic models are then re-estimated based on the adapted pronunciation models and the states of the re-estimated triphone acoustic models are clustered using the acoustic variants. From the Korean-spoken English speech recognition experiments, it is shown that ASR systems employing the state-tying and triphone-modeling level adaptation methods can relatively reduce the average word error rates (WERs) by 17.1% and 22.1% for non-native speech, respectively, when compared to a baseline ASR system.
Brief History and Characterization of Enhanced Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

ABSTRACT In 1967, infants and toddlers immunized with a formalin-inactivated vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) experienced an enhanced form of RSV disease characterized by high fever, bronchopneumonia, and wheezing when they became infected with wild-type virus in the community. Hospitalizations were frequent, and two immunized toddlers died upon infection with wild-type RSV. The enhanced disease was initially characterized as a “peribronchiolar monocytic infiltration with some excess in eosinophils. ” Decades of research defined enhanced RSV disease (ERD) as the result of immunization with antigens not processed in the cytoplasm, resulting in a nonprotective antibody response and CD4+ T helper priming in the absence of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. This response to vaccination led to a pathogenic Th2 memory response with eosinophil and immune complex deposition in the lungs after RSV infection. In recent years, the field of RSV experienced significant changes. Numerous vaccine candidates with novel designs and formulations are approaching clinical trials, defying our previous understanding of favorable parameters for ERD. This review provides a succinct analysis of these parameters and explores criteria for assessing the risk of ERD in new vaccine candidates.