Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Immunological Effects of Low-Fat Diets with and without Weight Loss

Objective: The immunologic effects of isocaloric reduced- and low-fat diets and a voluntary calorie-restricted low-fat diet resulting in weight loss were compared to the immunologic effects of an average American diet in hyperlipidemic individuals. Methods: Ten hyperlipidemic subjects were studied during three six-week weight maintenance phases: baseline (BL) [35% fat {14% saturated fat (SFA), 13% monounsaturated fat (MUFA), 8% polyunsaturated fat (PUFA)} and 147 mg cholesterol (C)/1000 kcal], reduced-fat (RF) [26% fat (4% SFA, 11% MUFA, 11% PUFA) and 45 mg C/1000 kcal], and low-fat (LF) [15% fat (5% SFA, 5% MUFA, 3% PUFA) and 35 mg C/1000 kcal] diets followed by 12-week, low-fat calorie reduced phase (LFCR). Results: During the last phase, the subjects’ weight significantly decreased (p = 0.005). Cholesterol levels were significantly reduced during all phases, compared to BL diet (p < 0.05). Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) was assessed using Multi-test CMI. Maximum induration diameters were 22.7, 25.4, 30.5, 34.5 mm for BL, RF, LF and LFCR diets, respectively. Subjects on the LFCR diets had significantly higher DTH compared to the BL diet (p = 0.005). No significant effect of diet was observed on lymphocyte proliferation or interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2 and prostaglandin (PG) E2 production. Conclusions: These data suggest that low-fat diets (15% energy), under conditions which result in weight loss, do not compromise and may enhance the immune response of middle-aged and elderly hyperlipidemic subjects. The results of this study provide support for the hypothesis that moderate caloric restriction in humans may have a beneficial effect on cell-mediated immunity such as those reported in calorie-restricted rodents.
Ride-Through Control of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator Under Unbalanced Voltage Sags

This paper deals with the control of doubly fed induction generators to ride through unbalanced voltage sags. A control strategy is proposed by choosing certain current reference values in the positive and negative sequences so that the torque and the DC voltage are kept stable during such unbalanced sags. Both rotor- and grid-side converters are considered, detailing the control scheme of each converter while considering the effect of the crowbar protection. The control strategy is validated by means of simulations.
RGB image encryption using hyper chaotic system

In the modern digital era, the storage of digital data in multi-users systems and transmission over the internet is prime important in the society. The cryptographic technique is one of the possible solutions for protecting digital information for unauthorized uses. In this technique, the encryption algorithm should be simple to design and implementation. In the proposed article, a novel color image encryption algorithm is presented employing a 4D Lorenz system. The encryption technique is very sensitive to the input 256 bits key and input plane image. Initially, the color image is split into three different channels R, G, and B. Next each channel is encrypted separately by employing diffusion and confusion mechanism. Finally, all three channels R, G, and B are combined to produce the required encrypted image. Various security tests have been conducted to prove the validity of the presented encryption technique. The encryption time was considerably less as compared to other reported works.
A new approach to the validation of tissue microarrays

Although tissue microarrays (TMA) have been widely used for a number of years, it is still not clear how many core biopsies should be taken to determine a reliable value for percentage positivity or how much heterogeneity in marker expression influences this number. The first aim of this study was to validate the human visual semi‐quantitative scoring system for positive staining of tumour tissue with the exact values determined from computer‐generated images. The second aim was to determine the minimum number of core biopsies needed to estimate percentage positivity reliably when the immunohistochemical staining pattern is heterogeneous and scored in a non‐binary way. Tissue sections from ten colorectal cancer specimens were stained for carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX). The staining patterns were digitized and 400 artificial computer‐generated images were generated to test the accuracy of the human scoring system. To determine the minimal number of core biopsies needed to account for tumour heterogeneity, 50 (artificial) core biopsies per section were taken from the tumoural region of the ten digitally recorded full tissue sections. Based on the semi‐quantitative scores from the 50 core biopsies per section, 2500 × n (n = 1–10 core biopsies) experimental core biopsies were then generated and scores recorded. After comparison with field‐by‐field analysis from the tumoural region of the whole tissue section, the number of core biopsies that need to be taken to minimize the influence of heterogeneity could be determined. In conclusion, visual scoring accurately estimated the percentage positivity and the percentage tumour present in a section, as judged by comparison with the artificial images. The exact number of core biopsies that has to be examined to determine tumour marker positivity using TMAs is affected by the degree of heterogeneity in the expression pattern of the protein, but for most purposes at least four is recommended. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Block Diagram Motion Estimati on Thresholding Based Segmentation Boundary Detection Missing Data Treatment Fully restored Sequence Tri Map Refinement Optimal Motion Estimation

This paper mentions a method for the detection and correction of films damaged by tear. The method includes estimation of motion vectors between two frames in an image sequence, delineating the tear boundary and restoring the damaged frame using suitable missing data treatment. Thus loss of data along the tear boundary is also corrected. The paper also includes the comparison of performance of different motion estimation methods like exhaustive search, three step search, four step search, diamond search and adaptive rood pattern search. Among these adaptive rood pattern search is found to be the best in performance based on the study of quality measurement and the execution time required.
Continuous Fatty Acid Oxidation and Reduced Fat Storage in Mice Lacking Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase 2

www.sciencemag. org (this information is current as of August 7, 2008 ): The following resources related to this article are available online at http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/291/5513/2608 version of this article at: including high-resolution figures, can be found in the online Updated information and services, http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/291/5513/2608/DC1 can be found at: Supporting Online Material http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/291/5513/2608#otherarticles , 14 of which can be accessed for free: cites 27 articles This article 91 article(s) on the ISI Web of Science. cited by This article has been http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/291/5513/2608#otherarticles 26 articles hosted by HighWire Press; see: cited by This article has been http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/collection/neuroscience Neuroscience : subject collections This article appears in the following http://www.sciencemag. org/about/permissions.dtl in whole or in part can be found at: this article permission to reproduce of this article or about obtaining reprints Information about obtaining
Two-way TCP traffic over ATM: effects and analysis

We examine the performance of bidirectional TCP/IP connections over asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks using the available bit rate (ABR) service. The problem of "ack-compression" re-appears, although the queues are primarily at the end-systems. We further the understanding of the problem by quantitatively analyzing the periodic bursty behavior of the source IP queue. We are able to predict the peak values for the queue and arrive at a simple robust predictor for the degraded throughput, applicable for relatively general situations. The degradation in throughput due to bidirectional traffic can be significant. For example, even in the simple case of symmetrical connections with adequate window sizes, the throughput of each connection is only 66.67% of that under one-way traffic. We validate our analysis using simulation, where the ATM network uses the explicit rate option. We show that the analysis predicts the behavior of the queue and the throughput degradation. We observe the need to separate the flow of acknowledgments and data for the bidirectional TCP connection and for inter-leaving their processing at the end-systems to overcome the problem of ack compression.
Treatment with rhBMP12 or rhBMP13 increase the rate and the quality of rat Achilles tendon repair

Tendon injuries that result in partial or complete tears often come from chronic, repetitive use, or from sudden trauma. In some cases, torn tendons can be repaired, but such repairs often fail to completely restore tendon function. We used global gene expression profiling and histological examination to study tendon repair to elucidate key molecular processes that regulate the rate and quality of tissue restoration. Using a rat Achilles tendon transection model, tissue was collected at 3, 7, 10, and 15 days postinjury. The pattern of gene expression in the repairing tissue paralleled the healing phases of inflammation, matrix formation, and matrix reorganization. Newly formed repaired tissue is characterized by cells expressing many genes associated with tendon formation, thereby potentially distinguishing this repair tissue from other types of repair or scar tissue. Addition of recombinant human bone morphogenic protein (rhBMP)12 or rhBMP13, also known as growth and differentiation factors (GDFs) 6 and 7, 1 day after injury yielded increases in tissue volume, rate of cellular infiltration, and in changes in levels of key mRNAs involved in tendon repair. Altogether, our results indicate that rhBMP12 or rhBMP13 enhance the rate of tendon repair. A better understanding of the key molecular regulators of tendon repair could lead to the development of new therapies for tendon injuries and the identification of diagnostic markers that indicate the status of tendon repair after injury. © 2011 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 29: 1604–1612, 2011
Mitochondrial Genome DNA Analysis of the Domestic Dog: Identifying Informative SNPs Outside of the Control Region *

Abstract: While the mitochondrial control region has proven successful for human forensic evaluations by indicating ethnic origin, domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) of seemingly unrelated breeds often form large groups based on identical control region sequences. In an attempt to break up these large haplotype groups, we have analyzed the remaining c. 15,484 base pairs of the canine mitochondrial genome for 79 dogs and used phylogenetic and population genetic methods to search for additional variability in the form of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We have identified 356 SNPs and 65 haplotypes in the remainder of the mitochondrial genome excluding the control region. The exclusion capacity was found to be 0.018. The mitochondrial control region was also evaluated for the same 79 dogs. The signals from the different fragments do not conflict, but instead support one another and provide a larger fragment of DNA that can be analyzed as forensic evidence.
Maintenance of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Homeostasis in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Cells through the Association of a Viral Glycoprotein with PERK, a Cellular ER Stress Sensor

ABSTRACT In the efforts of viruses to dominate and control critical cellular pathways, viruses generate considerable intracellular stress within their hosts. In particular, the capacity of resident endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones to properly process the acute increase in client protein load is significantly challenged. Such alterations typically induce the unfolded protein response, one component of which acts through IRE1 to restore ER homeostasis by expanding the folding capabilities, whereas the other arm activates the eIF-2α (α subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2) kinase PERK to transiently arrest production of new polypeptide clientele. Viruses, such as herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), however, go to great lengths to prevent the inhibition of translation resulting from eIF-2α phosphorylation. Here, we establish that PERK, but not IRE1, resists activation by acute ER stress in HSV-1-infected cells. This requires the ER luminal domain of PERK, which associates with the viral glycoprotein gB. Strikingly, gB regulates viral protein accumulation in a PERK-dependent manner. This is the first description of a virus-encoded PERK-specific effector and defines a new strategy by which viruses are able to maintain ER homeostasis.
Learning separations by Boolean combinations of half-spaces

Given two subsets S/sub 1/ and S/sub 2/ (not necessarily finite) of R/sup d/ separable by a Boolean combination of N halfspaces, the authors consider the problem of learning the separation function from a finite set of examples. The solution consists of a system of N perceptrons and a single consolidator which combines the outputs of the individual perceptrons. The authors show that an off-line version of this problem where the examples are given in a batch, can be solved in time polynomial in the number of examples. The authors also provide an on-line learning algorithm that incrementally solves the problem by suitably training a system of N perceptrons much in the spirit of classical perceptron learning algorithm. <<ETX>>
Retina Mapping Retinal and Choroidal Thickness in Unilateral Nongranulomatous Acute Anterior Uveitis Using Three-Dimensional 1060-nm Optical Coherence Tomography

Maximilian Gabriel, Robert Kruger, Farnusch Shams-Mafi, Boris Hermann, Behrooz Zabihian, Leopold Schmetterer, Wolfgang Drexler, Susanne Binder, and Marieh Esmaeelpour Karl Landsteiner Institute for Retinal Research and Imaging, Department of Ophthalmology, Rudolf Foundation Hospital, Vienna, Austria Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Department of Ophthalmology, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
Management of the febrile child without a focus of infection in the era of universal pneumococcal immunization

Should strategies of management of invasive disease in the febrile child without focus of infection (occult bacteremia) be reconsidered in communities with universal immunization of infants with the conjugate vaccines for Haemophilus influenzae type b and Streptococcus pneumoniae (PCV7)? The incidence of occult bacteremia is likely to decrease with the virtual elimination of H. influenzae type b and vaccine serotype pneumococcal invasive diseases. The number of children with fever coming to physicians’ offices, however, is unlikely to change. The challenge of distinguishing the febrile child with invasive bacterial disease who requires aggressive therapy from the febrile child who has a viral infection and requires only symptomatic therapy will persist. The bacteriology of invasive disease in infants and young children in 2002 will include pneumococcal serotypes not in PCV7; serotypes in PCV7 that occur in the unimmunized, partially immunized or fully immunized child (vaccine failures);Neisseria meningitidis;Salmonella spp. , group A Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative enteric bacilli. Management plans published in the 1990s suggested an aggressive diagnostic approach to the febrile child 3 to 36 months old who was toxic or had a temperature of >39°C. Diagnostic tests included white blood cell counts, cultures of blood and urine and chest radiograph and lumbar puncture as indicated by clinical signs and administration of parenteral ceftriaxone. Although PCV7 was extraordinarily effective in prevention of serotype-specific invasive pneumococcal disease in clinical trials, pediatricians need to know whether the results based on 38 000 enrollees will be maintained as millions of children are immunized. In addition questions about change in serotype of pneumococci causing invasive disease (serotype switching), herd immunity and durability of protection after immunization need to be answered. Until more experience is available to answer these questions, the febrile child without focus of infection should be managed without consideration of immunization with PCV7. Evaluation of the organism (serotype) and the host (acute and convalescent sera) should be undertaken for each case of invasive pneumococcal disease in this era of universal pneumococcal immunization.
Cytotoxic effect of methyl methacrylate on 4 cultured fibroblasts.

PURPOSE The objective of this study was to examine the cytotoxic effect of methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer on 4 mammalian fibroblasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four cells--C3H10T1/2, L929, Balb/3T3 clone A31, and MC3T3-E1--were incubated for 6 days in 24-well microplates filled with 1 mL of Dulbecco's Modified Eagle medium containing MMA monomer that ranged from 0 to 200 mM/L. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by direct cell number count. RESULTS L929 possessed the largest TC50 value (the amount of MMA that caused 50% cell death) (34 mM/L), and Balb/3T3 clone A31 had the least value (1 mM/L); C3H10T1/2 and MC3T3-E1 had intermediate values (25 mM/L and 16 mM/L, respectively). CONCLUSION This study showed that the MMA monomer had dose-dependent cytotoxicity, which varied among the cells tested.
Endotoxemia enhances circulating endothelial cells in humans

Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2003; 59: 295–302. 3 Hulot JS, Bura A, Villard E, AziziM, Remones V, Goyenvalle C, Aiach M, Lechat P, Gaussem P. Cytochrome P450 2C19 loss-of-function polymorphism is a major determinant of clopidogrel responsiveness in healthy subjects. Blood 2006; 13: blood-2006-04-013052v1 [Epub ahead of print]. 4 Furata T, Shirai N, Xiao F, Ohashi K, Ishizaki T. Effect of high-dose lansoprazole on intragastric pH in subjects who are homozygous extensive metabolizers of cytochrome P4502C19. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2001; 70: 484–92.
Top-down control of phytoplankton by oysters in Chesapeake Bay, USA: Comment on Pomeroy et al. (2006)

Pomeroy et al. (2006) proposed that temporal and spatial mismatches between eastern oyster filtration and phytoplankton abundance will preclude restored stocks of eastern oysters from reducing the severity of hypoxia in the deep channel of central Chesapeake Bay. We refute this con- tention by presenting arguments, data, and model results, overlooked by these authors. Our analysis indicates that oyster populations living on extensive reefs along the flanks of the mainstem Bay could substantially reduce summer phytoplankton growth and particulate organic carbon deposition to deep waters of the central channel. Because hypoxia in these deep waters is maintained through microbial decomposition of organic carbon generated by summer phytoplankton production, we conclude that reduced carbon fluxes to the deep channel associated with greatly increased oyster grazing could reduce the severity of hypoxia.
Decline of common mental disorders over time in public primary care tuberculosis patients in South Africa

Objective The relationship between tuberculosis and common mental disorders over time is under researched. The aim of this investigation was to estimate the prevalence of common mental disorders and its predictors among tuberculosis patients over a period of six months. Methods A longitudinal investigation was carried out with new tuberculosis and tuberculosis retreatment patients systematically selected from 40 primary health care facilities and had screened positive for hazardous or harmful alcohol use in South Africa. Common mental disorders were measured with the Kessler-10 scale and the Primary Care Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Screen at baseline and at six months. Results At six months, 710 tuberculosis patients had completed the follow up. At baseline, 34.1% had severe psychological distress with a higher cut-off score (≥28), 81.1% had moderate psychological distress with a lower cut-off score (≥16), and 29.4% had posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (two or more). At the six-month follow-up, severe psychological stress significantly reduced by 12.3%, moderate psychological distress reduced by 24.9%, and PTSD reduced by 20.0%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis using generalized estimation equation modeling across the three mental conditions found that moderate psychological distress and PTSD symptoms but not severe psychological distress significantly reduced over time. Having chronic conditions, including HIV, and sociodemographic factors (lower education and poverty) were associated with common mental disorders. Conclusion The prevalence of moderate psychological distress and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms significantly reduced over a period of six months. Mental health services should be integrated into tuberculosis treatment programs.
“Second Hit” Models of Alcoholic Liver Disease

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a lifestyle disease with its pathogenesis and individual predisposition governed by gene-environment interactions. Based on the "second hit" or "multiple hits" hypothesis, patients are predisposed to progressive ALD when a magic combination of gene and environmental interactions exists. Reproduction of second or multiple hits in animal models serves to test a combination and to gain mechanistic insights into synergism achieved by such combination. Numerous environmental factors have been incorporated into animal models, largely classified into nutritional, xenobiotic/pharmacologic, hemodynamic, and viral groups. A loss or gain of function genetic model has become a popular experimental approach to test the role of a gene as a second hit. Future research will need to test more subtle or natural hits combined with excessive alcohol intake to test multiple hits in the genesis of ALD. Additionally, animal models of comorbidities are urgently needed particularly for synergistic liver disease and oncogenesis caused by alcohol, obesity, and hepatitis virus.
Design of a Planar Dual-Band Bandpass Filter

A new method to design the dual-band filter has been proposed in this letter. This filter is developed with two stepped impedance resonators. Two ends of both resonators are mutually coupled. Transmission zeros then appear on both sides of two passband skirts and in the rejection bands. In addition, the design equations are also provided. In conclusion, the agreement between measurement and the full-wave electromagnetic simulation validates the proposed structure.
Measurement of T Cell Activation After 16‐hr In Vitro Stimulation with Concanavalin A

A flow cytometry assay that can be used to directly determine the proportion of activated T lymphocytes in human whole blood samples after stimulation with concanavalin A is presented here. Human whole blood is incubated with fluorescently labeled antibodies (against CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD69), erythrocytes are then lysed, and the samples are analyzed using a flow cytometer. The assay presented is able to differentiate between CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. Thus, it is possible to quantify both lymphocyte populations in parallel, as well as the respective proportions of activated T lymphocytes, all from one sample. An additional advantage of this assay is that it was developed to assay whole blood, thereby reducing the likelihood of introducing pre‐analytic error and facilitating the calculation of quantitative ratios. Thus, the method can be used for both in vitro and ex vivo experiments. Curr. Protoc. Cytom. 51:6.28. 1‐6.28. 10. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.