Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eosinophil Adhesion to Cholinergic IMR-32 Cells Protects against Induced Neuronal Apoptosis1

Eosinophils release a number of mediators that are potentially toxic to nerve cells. However, in a number of inflammatory conditions, such as asthma and inflammatory bowel disease, it has been shown that eosinophils localize to nerves, and this is associated with enhanced nerve activity. In in vitro studies, we have shown that eosinophil adhesion via neuronal ICAM-1 leads to activation of neuronal NF-κB via an ERK1/2-dependent pathway. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that eosinophil adhesion to nerves promotes neural survival by protection from inflammation-associated apoptosis. Exposure of differentiated IMR-32 cholinergic nerve cells to IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, or culture in serum-deprived medium, induced neuronal apoptosis, as detected by annexin V staining, caspase-3 activation, and DNA laddering. Addition of human eosinophils to IMR-32 nerve cells completely prevented all these features of apoptosis. The mechanism of protection by eosinophils was by an adhesion-dependent activation of ERK1/2, which led to the induced expression of the antiapoptotic gene bfl-1. Adhesion to nerve cells did not influence the expression of the related genes bax and bad. Thus, prevention of apoptosis by eosinophils may be a mechanism by which these cells regulate neural plasticity in the peripheral nervous system.
Effects of Phosphorylation of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Envelope Glycoprotein B by Us3 Kinase In Vivo and In Vitro

ABSTRACT We recently reported that the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) Us3 protein kinase phosphorylates threonine at position 887 (Thr-887) in the cytoplasmic tail of envelope glycoprotein B (gB) (A. Kato, J. Arii, I. Shiratori, H. Akashi, H. Arase, and Y. Kawaguchi, J. Virol. 83:250-261, 2009; T. Wisner, C. C. Wright, A. Kato, Y. Kawaguchi, F. Mou, J. D. Baines, R. J. Roller and D. C. Johnson, J. Virol. 83:3115-3126, 2009). In the studies reported here, we examined the effect(s) of this phosphorylation on viral replication and pathogenesis in vivo and present data showing that replacement of gB Thr-887 by alanine significantly reduced viral replication in the mouse cornea and development of herpes stroma keratitis and periocular skin disease in mice. The same effects have been reported for mice infected with a recombinant HSV-1 carrying a kinase-inactive mutant of Us3. These observations suggested that Us3 phosphorylation of gB Thr-887 played a critical role in viral replication in vivo and in HSV-1 pathogenesis. In addition, we generated a monoclonal antibody that specifically reacted with phosphorylated gB Thr-887 and used this antibody to show that Us3 phosphorylation of gB Thr-887 regulated subcellular localization of gB, particularly on the cell surface of infected cells.
Representations of resource concepts in academic research

Hierarchical structures of concepts are vital for theory development. However, although resources are at the heart of competitive advantage and performance of an entrepreneurial firm, the hierarchical conceptualisations of resources are scant in academic research. We used an existing resource categorisation framework and populated a list of resources explicitly mentioned in extant literature. The study was based on an extensive search on ScienceDirectpsilas digital library resulting in the final data set of 59 articles which explicitly considered resources as concepts. The findings show the current state of affairs in this field and illustrate conceptual farrago with an emerging category of technical resources. Furthermore, the study considers several issues for further research in order to aid in future theory development.
Recent Development of Optimization of Lyophilization Process

The objective of this review is to survey the development of the optimization of lyophilization. The optimization study of the lyophilizer has been roughly developing by the order of (i) trial-and-error approach, (ii) process modeling using mathematical models, (iii) scalability, and (iv) quality-by-design. From the conventional lyophilization studies based on the trial-and-error, the key parameters to optimize the operation of lyophilization were found out, i.e., critical material attributes (CMAs), critical process parameters (CPPs), and critical quality attributes (CQAs). The mathematical models using the key parameters mentioned above have been constructed from the viewpoints of the heat and mass transfer natures. In many cases, it is revealed that the control of the primary drying stage determines the outcome of the lyophilization of products, as compared with the freezing stage and the secondary drying stage. Thus, the understanding of the lyophilization process has proceeded. For the further improvement of the time and economical cost, the design space is a promising method to give the possible operation range for optimizing the lyophilization operation. This method is to search the optimized condition by reducing the number of key parameters of CMAs, CPPs, and CQAs. Alternatively, the transfer of lyophilization recipe among the lab-, pilot-, and production-scale lyophilizers (scale-up) has been examined. Notably, the scale-up of lyophilization requires the preservation of lyophilization dynamics between the two scales, i.e., the operation of lab- or pilot-scale lyophilizer under HEPA-filtrated airflow condition. The design space determined by focusing on the primary drying stage is large and involves the undesired variations in the quality of final products due to the heterogeneous size distribution of ice crystals. Accordingly, the control of the formation of the ice crystal with large size gave impact on the product quality and the productivity although the large water content in the final product should be improved. Therefore, the lyophilization should take into account the quality by design (QbD). The monitoring method of the quality of the product in lyophilization process is termed the “process analytical technology (PAT). ” Recent PAT tools can reveal the lyophilization dynamics to some extent. A combination of PAT tools with a model/scale-up theory is expected to result in the QbD, i.e., a quality/risk management and an in situ optimization of lyophilization operation.
Research on application of block chain in distributed energy transaction

With the promotion of electric power reform in China, distributed energy participating in power market transaction becomes possible. However, due to the characteristics of transaction decentralization, multiple energy synergies, information symmetry and the large quantity, the transaction cost and the risk of information leak increase significantly, which inhibits the enthusiasm of distributed energy to participate in electric power transaction. The block chain has been widely used in finance, logistics and other industries because of its decentralized data processing. In this paper, the characteristics and infrastructure of the block chain is analyzed and the distributed energy trading frame work based on the block chain is built. The result shows that block chain has significant effect on the information security of the energy transaction.
Selective anti-entropy

Anti-entropy [1] is an important mechanism to achieve eventual consistency among a set of replicas. We refer to traditional antientropy [2, 3] as complete anti-entropy, where two replicas reconcile all inconsistent states between them in a two-way session or two one-way sessions. Complete anti-entropy works well in full replications, but may cause a summary problem (a replica cannot summarize its received updates using a summary vector) in partial replications (where the state set is divided into subsets referred to as scopes). To avoid the summary problem, we propose to use selective anti-entropy, which is to selectively reconcile inconsistent states between two replicas in a session, i.e., a replica specifies the subsets of updates it solicits, and thus controls what it receives from another replica. In selective anti-entropy, all updates that are initially received by the same replica R= belong to the same s u b s e t / ~ . The subset of a state is determined by the last update applied to it. A selective anti-entropy session where R¢ requests new updates in -P~i, Rx2, . R~ k from R~ is denoted as O(R~, {/:/=~, Rx2, ., R=k }, R~). We distinguish four types of selective anti-entropy sessions (listed in Figure 1) based on the number of subsets requested and whether the session is direct or indirect. We assume that a replica R¢ does not request updates in ~ from other replicas. A session is direct if it only requests updates in R--~ from R= (e.g., O___(R~, { ~ } , R~)), otherwise the session is indirect (e.g., O(R=, {1-~u}, R~)) or mixed (e.g., O(_R=, {R~, R~}, R~)). A select-multiple or select-all session can be viewed as comprising k (k >_ 2) select-one sessions, in which at most one is select-one-direct session, and the rest are select-one-indirect sessions. A select-all session is equivalent to a complete anti-entropy session. An anti-entropy session is safe if it will not cause the summary problem. A replica can always choose safe sessions by using selective anti-entropy. Any select-one-direct anti-entropy session, such as O(R=, {R~}, R~), is safe. A select-one-indirect anti-entropy session O(R=, {R-~y}, R~) is safe if S(R=) A S(Ru) C_ S(R~), where S(R=), S(Ru) and S(Rz) denote the scopes of Re, Rv and R~, respectively. In other words, if S(R=) n S(Ru) D S(R=), O(R=, {R-~}, Rz) may cause the summary problem. In Figure 2, for example, O(Ra, {R1}, R6) is safe because S(Ra) N S(R1) = {$1, $2} = S(R6) , but O(R3, {R6}, R2) may not be safe since
Pyrogens in small-volume parenterals prepared in hospital pharmacy.

Three pyrogen assay methods [the rabbit method, Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) gelation and chromogenic substrate, and bioburden prior to sterilization] were evaluated in three standard batches of small-volume parenteral preparations; i.e., water for injection, sodium chloride 0.9% injection, and sodium bicarbonate 8.4% injection. The same preparations were also assayed after contamination with Escherichia coli followed by sterilization. All methods gave the same results with the water for injection and the sodium chloride 0.9%. With sodium bicarbonate 8.4%, only the rabbit method was valid. For sodium chloride 0.9%, the chromogenic substrate method was valid; the gelation method was not valid. Endotoxins from the manufacturing plant were less pyrogenic in rabbits than were standard endotoxins or those from hospital E. coli.
Self-stabilizing mechanism for High-Available Stock Trading System

In enterprise computing, distribute computing and client/server computing are useful technologies because most companies have so many servers and various computing resource. Moreover, in military or financing computing parts, real-time computing is also useful technology because they need to catch the enemy quickly and they need to trade stock quickly. Fault tolerance assists stabilized system. Self-repair and self-stabilizing is useful technology for fault-tolerance. However, it is difficult to implement fault-tolarance for the whole systematic enterprise service. In this paper, we will introduce the case of Meritz Securities Company. We were operating the stock trading system to apply a self-stabilizing mechanism in order for 24 by 365. Our system is operated with some special method we called the RCM (reconnection mechanism) and the RRM (rollback recording mechanism), RCM and RRM are useful methods not only system crash, but also network failure.
Exploring the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem in Spatial Water Assessments: A Case of Water Shortage in Monsoon Asia

Water shortage (availability per capita) is a key indicator of vulnerability to water scarcity. Spatial datasets enable the assessment of water shortage on multiple scales. The use of river basins and subbasins as analysis and management units is currently commonplace. An important but less acknowledged fact is that spatial assessments are strongly influenced by the choice of the unit of analysis due to the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP). Climate conditions, agricultural activities, and access to groundwater also influence water availability and demand. In this study, a total of 21 different criteria were used to define areal units of analysis, i.e., zonings, for which water shortage was calculated. Focusing on Monsoon Asia, where water scarcity is a pressing problem, we found that zoning had a considerable impact, resulting in up to three-fold differences in the population under high water shortage (<1000 m3/cap/year), ranging from 782 million to 2.11 billion. In most zonings, however, the Indus and Yellow River Basins and northwest parts of India and China are under high water shortage. The study indicates that a multizonal and multiscale analysis is needed to minimize skewed or even misleading information that might be produced when using only one zoning.
Novel Fluoro-carbon Functional Monomer for Dental Bonding

Among several functional monomers, 10-methacryloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP) bonded most effectively to hydroxyapatite (HAp). However, more hydrolysis-resistant functional monomers are needed to improve bond durability. Here, we investigated the adhesive potential of the novel fluoro-carbon functional monomer 6-methacryloxy-2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluorohexyl dihydrogen phosphate (MF8P; Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc., Tokyo, Japan) by studying its molecular interaction with powder HAp using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (1H MAS NMR) and with dentin using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and by characterizing its interface ultrastructure at dentin using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We further determined the dissolution rate of the MF8P_Ca salt, the hydrophobicity of MF8P, and the bond strength of an experimental MF8P-based adhesive to dentin. NMR confirmed chemical adsorption of MF8P onto HAp. XRD and TEM revealed MF8P_Ca salt formation and nano-layering at dentin. The MF8P_Ca salt was as stable as that of 10-MDP; MF8P was as hydrophobic as 10-MDP; a significantly higher bond strength was recorded for MF8P than for 10-MDP. In conclusion, MF8P chemically bonded to HAp. Despite its shorter size, MF8P possesses characteristics similar to those of 10-MDP, most likely to be associated with the strong chemical bond between fluorine and carbon. Since favorable bond strength to dentin was recorded, MF8P can be considered a good candidate functional monomer for bonding.
Intelligent Vehicle Communication: Deterministic Propagation Prediction in Transportation Systems

Intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) are currently under intense research and development for making transportation safer and more efficient. The development of such vehicular communication systems requires accurate models for the propagation channel. A key characteristic of these channels is their temporal variability and inherent time-changing statistics, which have a major impact on electromagnetic propagation prediction.
Surface-Wave Coupling and Antenna Properties in Two Dimensions

Antennas are characterized by their gain and effective aperture area, and the coupling between two antennas in 3-D free space is governed by the Friis transmission equation. In this paper, we derive the properties of antennas in 2-D space, and the equivalent coupling equation. This is useful for evaluating surface-wave coupling between antennas that share the same ground plane or substrate. We propose a quantity which is the effective width for surface-wave coupling, and derive its value for an isotropic surface-wave radiator in two dimensions. We also determine the surface-wave directivity for dipole-like modes, which is relevant to many small planar antennas. The total coupling between two coplanar antennas is a combination of surface waves and space waves, and these two components are distinguished in simulations by calculating antenna coupling as a function of distance. Several simple examples are illustrated including patch and monopole antennas on various substrates. Quantifying the effective surface wave width can serve as a useful tool for optimizing the coupling between coplanar antennas.
On the expected number of commutations in reduced words

We compute the expected number of commutations appearing in a reduced word for the longest element in the symmetric group. The asymptotic behavior of this value is analyzed and shown to approach the length of the permutation, meaning that nearly all positions in the reduced word are expected to support commutations. Finally, we calculate the asymptotic frequencies of commutations, consecutive noncommuting pairs, and long braid moves.
Extracellular-superoxide dismutase type C (EC-SOD C) reduces myocardial damage in rats subjected to coronary occlusion and 24 hours of reperfusion.

Extracellular-superoxide dismutase type C (EC-SOD C) is a secretory SOD isoenzyme which, in contrast to the intracellular CuZn SOD, has affinity to the endothelium and a long vascular half-life. In the present study, the effects of EC-SOD C and CuZn SOD on reperfusion-induced myocardial damage were determined in rats subjected to 10 min of left coronary artery ligation followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Recombinant human EC-SOD C (rh-EC-SOD C) or the corresponding volume of the vehicle was administered after completion of the coronary ligation. CuZn SOD was given in two equal doses, the first dose directly after ligation and the second one 6 h later. At the end of the reperfusion period the myocardial damage was quantified by measuring the creatine kinase concentration (CK) in the reperfused part of the left ventricular free wall (LVFW), and expressed as a percentage of the concentration in the non-ischemic septum. In the group given the vehicle, 47 +/- 10 (mean +/- SD) of the CK remained in the reperfused LVFW. In the rats receiving rh-EC-SOD C the corresponding values for each dose: 1.4, 4.2 and 12.6 mg/kg were 55 +/- 12 (ns), 55 +/- 12 (ns) and 65 +/- 12% (p less than 0.05, vs. vehicle, Dunnett's multiple comparison test), respectively. Administration of CuZn SOD (2 x 10 mg/kg) resulted in 58 +/- 16% (ns) CK remaining in the LVFW. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Auxin and Ethylene Response Interactions during Arabidopsis Root Hair Development Dissected by Auxin Influx Modulators

The plant hormones auxin and ethylene have been shown to play important roles during root hair development. However, cross talk between auxin and ethylene makes it difficult to understand the independent role of either hormone. To dissect their respective roles, we examined the effects of two compounds, chromosaponin I (CSI) and 1-naphthoxyacetic acid (1-NOA), on the root hair developmental process in wild-type Arabidopsis, ethylene-insensitive mutantein2-1, and auxin influx mutants aux1-7,aux1-22, and double mutant aux1-7 ein2. β-Glucuronidase (GUS) expression analysis in the BA-GUS transgenic line, consisting of auxin-responsive domains ofPS-IAA4/5 promoter and GUS reporter, revealed that 1-NOA and CSI act as auxin uptake inhibitors in Arabidopsis roots. The frequency of root hairs in ein2-1roots was greatly reduced in the presence of CSI or 1-NOA, suggesting that endogenous auxin plays a critical role for the root hair initiation in the absence of an ethylene response. All of these mutants showed a reduction in root hair length, however, the root hair length could be restored with a variable concentration of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). NAA (10 nm) restored the root hair length ofaux1 mutants to wild-type level, whereas 100 nm NAA was needed for ein2-1 andaux1-7 ein2 mutants. Our results suggest that insensitivity in ethylene response affects the auxin-driven root hair elongation. CSI exhibited a similar effect to 1-NOA, reducing root hair growth and the number of root hair-bearing cells in wild-type andein2-1 roots, while stimulating these traits inaux1-7and aux1-7ein2 roots, confirming that CSI is a unique modulator of AUX1.
One-stage Posterior Decompression-Stabilization and Trans-sacral Interbody Fusion after Partial Reduction for Severe L5–S1 Spondylolisthesis

Study Design. A retrospective clinical study was conducted. Objectives. To evaluate the clinical and radiologic outcomes of one-stage posterior decompression-stabilization after partial reduction and trans-sacral interbody fusion with a titanium cage for severe L5–S1 spondylolisthesis. Summary of the Background Data. Trans-sacral interbody fusion for the management of severe L5–S1 spondylolisthesis with or without partial reduction and pedicular fixation has been previously described. The use of a trans-sacral titanium cage has not been previously reported. Methods. Fifteen patients with severe L5–S1 spondylolisthesis were treated consecutively with posterior decompression, partial reduction, pedicular fixation, and posterior lumbar interbody fusion using a trans-sacral titanium cage. The mean age at the time of surgery was 22.4 years (range, 11–37 years). The mean follow-up period was 31.4 months (range, 12–58 months). Nine patients had severe back pain and six patients radicular pain. Three patients had a partial unilateral L5 motor deficit and two an L5 sensory deficit. Five patients had extremely tight hamstrings. The mean preoperative percentage of slipping was 69.3% (range, 53–91%). Patients were evaluated for complications and fusions, and outcomes were collected using the modified Scoliosis Research Society Outcomes Instrument. Results. At follow-up, all patients, except one with major vascular complications, were extremely or reasonably satisfied with the surgery. All patients showed improvements in radiologic indexes and stable fusion at the final follow-up examination. Conclusions. Posterior decompression and partial reduction followed by circumferential stabilization performed in one stage combining pedicle fixation with trans-sacral titanium cage interbody fusion is an effective and safe technique for the management of severe spondylolisthesis.
One-way ANOVA model to study whole-body vibration attributes among taxi drivers – An emphasis on the role of speed

Taxi drivers are daily exposed to frequent and prolonged whole-body vibration. This can cause complications such as back pain among them. Since the vibration level depends on many factors, the present study was performed to model the impact of vehicle speed on the attributes of whole-body vibration among the Peugeot 405 taxi drivers. In this experimental study, the whole-body vibration was measured while other variables including tire pressure, engine speed, road gradient, number of passengers, and type of tire, springs, and shock absorbers had been fixed. The measurements were done according to ISO2631–1 at different speeds of 20, 40, 60, and 80 km/h. Increasing the vehicle speed caused an increase in the average value of vibration attributes including Z-axis (vertical) r.m.s. acceleration, 8-h equivalent acceleration, vibration dose value (m/s1.75), and crest factor (P < 0.05). At the speed of 80 km/h, the average vibration dose value (17.6 m/s1.75) exceeded the upper limit of the ISO 2631–1:1997 health caution zone (>17). Further, 8-h equivalent acceleration, at the speeds of 60 and 80 km/h, was beyond the upper limit (>0.9 m/s2). According to the crest factor, increasing speed would cause greater vibration peaks along the Z-axis (worst-case axis). The amount of whole-body vibration is sensitive to speed changes so that urban taxi drivers who are usually driving at low speeds for inner-city transits will be exposed to a lower average value of whole-body vibration. Due to the evident effect of speed on whole-body vibration attributes, it is strongly recommended to be given full consideration to this factor in preparing vibration control plans for vehicles.