Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Preface: Traditions of East Asian Travel

As is certainly true elsewhere in the world, the East Asian region has its own traditions of travel and travel writing (Fogel 1996: 13–42; Strassberg 1994). These date back many centuries and until relatively recently continued to influence the ways in which men and women actually travelled (how they moved from place to place, what itineraries they followed, and the like) and the genres of travel writings that they produced (prose, poetry and combinations of the two, e.g. Yosano 2001). Tracing the origins and influences of these traditions as well as understanding the impact exerted by Chinese traditions on those of Japan and elsewhere in the region remain important scholarly desiderata. In the essays that follow, we have less wide-ranging goals. We aim at demonstrating the power and potential of travel writing within the literary traditions of early modern and modern China and Japan. These temporal frames are purposefully vague. It is, however, generally agreed that China entered a qualitatively new era in numerous areas of culture, society and economy in the Song dynasty (960–1276), one that many associate with modernity and most would be willing to accept as early modernity. Japan, most agree, entered early modernity in the Tokugawa (or Edo) period (1600–1868) and modernity with the Meiji era (1868–1912). The Song era provides the background for the essay by James Hargett on the Chinese literary master Su Dongpo (1037–1101) and his travel poetry. Steven Carter takes a remarkably similar phenomenon of travel poetry writing for Edo-period Japan by looking at a number of works by Reizei Tamemura (1712–74). Both examine how travel necessitated the
Teleoperation of ABB industrial robots

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse teleoperation of an ABB industrial robot with an ABB IRC5 controller. A method to improve motion smoothness and decrease latency using the existing ABB IRC5 robot controller without access to any low-level interface is proposed. Design/methodology/approach – The proposed control algorithm includes a high-level proportional-integral-derivative controller (PID) controller used to dynamically generate reference velocities for different travel ranges of the tool centre point (TCP) of the robot. Communication with the ABB IRC5 controller was performed utilising the ABB PC software development kit. The multitasking feature of the IRC5 controller was used to enhance the communication frequency between the controller and the remote application. Trajectory tracking experiments of a pre-defined three-dimensional trajectory were carried out and the benefits of the proposed algorithm were demonstrated. The robot was intentionally installed on a wobbly table and its vi.
Differences in Lp[a] concentrations and apo[a] polymorphs between black and white Americans.

Lp[a] concentrations in nmol/L and apo[a] size isoforms, expressed in terms of the relative number of apo[a] kringle 4 (K4) repeats, were determined in 3959 whites and blacks from four U.S. communities. Plasma Lp[a] analyses were performed by an ELISA method insensitive to apo[a] size heterogeneity and apo[a] size isoforms were determined by high resolution agarose gel electrophoresis. Allele frequencies were estimated by maximum likelihood methods in order to account for the presence of null alleles and coalescence of hands on gels. The apo[a] allele frequencies and phenotype distributions differed significantly between blacks and whites (P < 0.0001). Blacks had a higher relative frequency of the intermediate alleles K4(22) through K4(28) whereas whites had a higher relative frequency of the small alleles K4(17) through K4(24) and large alleles K4(29) through K4(33). The estimated frequency of the null allele was low in both blacks (1.0%) and whites (6.7%). The Lp[a] distribution was less skewed and Lp[a] concentrations were higher in blacks than whites (mean 94 nmol/L and 48 nmol/L, median 74 nmol/L and 20 nmol/L for blacks and whites, respectively). The relationship between apo[a] size and Lp[a] concentration also differed significantly between these two racial groups. For the large polymorphs (> 31 K4 repeats) both blacks and whites exhibited uniformly low Lp[a] values. For the intermediate isoforms K4(20) through K4(30), a considerable range of Lp[a] values was evident in blacks; the median Lp[a] for each isoform increased nearly linearly as the apo[a] size decreased. In contrast in whites there was little change in median Lp[a] concentrations for isoforms K4(20) through K4(30). For the small apo[a] size (< 20 K4) both blacks and whites exhibited high median Lp[a] levels and a wide variation of Lp[a] levels. The major difference in Lp[a] levels between the two racial groups occurred in the intermediate size isoform range of K4(20) through K4(25). In conclusion, whites and blacks differ significantly in Lp[a] concentrations, allele and phenotype frequencies, and in the relationship between apo[a] size isoform and Lp[a] concentration.
Documento de Trabajo 9719 INSURANCE CONSIDERING A NEW STOCHASTIC MODEL FOR THE DlSCOUNT FACTOR

In many empirical situations (e.g.:Libor), the rate of interest will remain fixed at a certain level(random instantaneous rate Ói) for a random period of time(ti) until a new random rate should be considered, Ói+ 1, that will remain for ti+ 1, waiting time untill the next change in the rate of interest. Three models were developed using the approach cited aboye for random rate of interest and random waiting times between changes in the rate of interest. Using easy integral transforms (Laplace and Fourier) we will be able to ca1culate the moments of the probability function of the discount factor, V(t),and even its c.dJ . The approach will also be extended to the calculation of the expected value(net premium) and variance of a term insurance and we will get its c.d. f. , something not very common in actuarialliterature due to its complexity, but very useful when the law of large numbers cannot be applied and consequently use normal approximations.
nArgBP2 regulates excitatory synapse formation by controlling dendritic spine morphology

Significance Recent studies have implicated postsynaptic scaffolding protein synapse-associated protein 90/postsynaptic density protein 95-associated protein 3 (SAPAP3) or Shank3 in mood disorders such as bipolar disorder, autism, and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Neural Abelson-related gene-binding protein 2 (nArgBP2) is a binding partner of both SAPAP3 and Shank3, and its genetic deletion in mice leads to manic/bipolar-like behavior resembling symptoms of bipolar disorder. Remarkably, nothing is known about the synaptic function of nArgBP2 or its connection with the synaptic alterations associated with bipolar disorder. Here, we provide compelling evidence that nArgBP2 regulates spine morphogenesis and that its ablation causes a robust and selective inhibition of excitatory synapse formation by controlling actin dynamics. Our results revealed the underlying mechanism for the synaptic dysfunction caused by nArgBP2 down-regulation that may be associated with human bipolar disorder. Neural Abelson-related gene-binding protein 2 (nArgBP2) was originally identified as a protein that directly interacts with synapse-associated protein 90/postsynaptic density protein 95-associated protein 3 (SAPAP3), a postsynaptic scaffolding protein critical for the assembly of glutamatergic synapses. Although genetic deletion of nArgBP2 in mice leads to manic/bipolar-like behaviors resembling many aspects of symptoms in patients with bipolar disorder, the actual function of nArgBP2 at the synapse is completely unknown. Here, we found that the knockdown (KD) of nArgBP2 by specific small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) resulted in a dramatic change in dendritic spine morphology. Reintroducing shRNA-resistant nArgBP2 reversed these defects. In particular, nArgBP2 KD impaired spine-synapse formation such that excitatory synapses terminated mostly at dendritic shafts instead of spine heads in spiny neurons, although inhibitory synapse formation was not affected. nArgBP2 KD further caused a marked increase of actin cytoskeleton dynamics in spines, which was associated with increased Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein-family verprolin homologous protein 1 (WAVE1)/p21-activated kinase (PAK) phosphorylation and reduced activity of cofilin. These effects of nArgBP2 KD in spines were rescued by inhibiting PAK or activating cofilin combined with sequestration of WAVE. Together, our results suggest that nArgBP2 functions to regulate spine morphogenesis and subsequent spine-synapse formation at glutamatergic synapses. They also raise the possibility that the aberrant regulation of synaptic actin filaments caused by reduced nArgBP2 expression may contribute to the manifestation of the synaptic dysfunction observed in manic/bipolar disorder.
A Method for Constrained Multiobjective Optimization Based on SQP Techniques

We propose a method for constrained and unconstrained nonlinear multiobjective optimization problems that is based on an SQP-type approach. The proposed algorithm maintains a list of nondominated points that is improved both for spread along the Pareto front and optimality by solving single-objective constrained optimization problems. These single-objective problems are derived as SQP problems based on the given nondominated points. Under appropriate differentiability assumptions we discuss convergence to local optimal Pareto points. We provide numerical results for a set of unconstrained and constrained multiobjective optimization problems in the form of performance and data profiles, where several performance metrics are used. The numerical results confirm the superiority of the proposed algorithm against a state-of-the-art multiobjective solver and a classical scalarization approach, both in the quality of the approximated Pareto front and in the computational effort necessary to compute the approximation.
Plasma apelin‐13, attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder, and environmental exposure to nitrous oxide

B ILGIÇ ET AL. conducted an exploratory study to assess the role of apelin-13 in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The authors report that mean plasma apelin-13 levels were significantly higher in male ADHD children compared to control children; however, no differences were noted between the groups among the entire subject cohort or in females. The authors, therefore, concluded that there is a sex-specific association between plasma apelin-13 and ADHD. The author of this correspondence has been the first to suggest via novel empirical investigation that the principal etiologic factor in the development of human neurodevelopmental disorders may be chronic exposure to the environmental air pollutant and greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide (N2O). 2–5 N2O is an oxide of nitrogen that exists predominantly in the environment as an agricultural air pollutant derived from soil-management practices. The compound has been shown to affect many neural substrates, including its targeting of the kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) system, an opioid receptor subtype implicated in decision-making and impulsivity, and central release of its endogenous ligand, dynorphin. Li et al. have also shown for the first time that the apelin receptor (APJ) and KOR, two members of the family A of Gprotein-coupled receptors, form a heterodimer that increases PKC activity. Moreover, the pro-depressant characteristics of central administration of apelin-13 may be mediated at least in part by KOR in mice. Although these data are indicative of a close relation between APJ and KOR, the functional significance of this receptor heterodimerization (i.e., receptor expression, pattern of desensitization, signal transduction) is unclear and requires further investigation. Additionally, the sex differences noted by Bilgiç et al. in AP-13 levels may be related to the role of KOR in regulating vasopressin and oxytocin release and in the sex differences in the pro-depressant effects of KOR activation. The N2O-mediated ADHD impairment hypothesis is consistent with not only evidence indicating an adverse effect of air pollution in neuropsychological development but also the significantly higher plasma levels of AP-13. Further study is therefore warranted on the role of APJ and KOR in the pathogenesis of ADHD.
p53-Dependent accelerated senescence induced by ionizing radiation in breast tumour cells

Ionizing radiation has been reported to promote accelerated or premature senescence in both normal and tumour cell lines. The current studies were designed to characterize the accelerated senescence response to radiation in the breast tumour cell in terms of its dependence on functional p53 and its relationship to telomerase activity, telomere lengths, expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT, the catalytic subunit of telomerase) and human telomerase RNA (hTR, the RNA subunit of telomerase), as well as the induction of cytogenetic aberrations. Studies were performed in p53 wild-type MCF-7 cells, MCF-7/E6 cells with attenuated p53 function, MDA-MB231 cells with mutant p53 and MCF-7/hTERT cells with constitutive expression of hTERT. Telomerase activity was measured by the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP assay), telomere lengths by the terminal restriction fragment (TRF) assay, hTR and hTERT expression by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), senescence by β-galactosidase staining, and apoptosis by TdT-mediated d-UTP-X nick-end labelling (TUNEL assay). Widespread and extensive expression of β-galactosidase, a marker of cellular senescence, was evident in MCF-7 breast tumour cells following exposure to 10 Gy of ionizing radiation. Radiation did not suppress expression of either hTERT or hTR, alter telomerase activity or induce telomere shortening. Senescence arrest was also observed in irradiated MCF-7/hTERT cells, which have elongated telomeres due to the ectopic expression of the catalytic component of telomerase. In contrast to MCF-7 cells, irradiated MDA-MB231 breast tumour cells and MCF-7/E6 cells failed to senesce and instead demonstrated a delayed apoptotic cell death. Irradiation produced chromosome end associated abnormalities, including end-to-end fusions (an indicator of telomere dysfunction) in MCF-7 cells, MCF-7/hTERT cells, as well as in MCF-7/E6 cells. When cells were maintained in culture following irradiation, proliferative recovery was evident exclusively after senescence while the cell lines which responded to radiation by apoptosis continued to decline in cell number. Accelerated senescence in response to ionizing radiation is p53 dependent and associated with telomer dysfunction but is unrelated to changes in telomerase activity or telomere lengths, expression of hTERT and hTR. In the absence of functional p53, cells are unable to arrest for an extended period, resulting in apoptotic cell death while accelerated senescence in cells expressing p53 is succeeded by proliferative recovery.
Specialty Crops in Argentina: An Analysis of the Confectionary Sunflower Agribusiness from an Institutional Environment, Governance Structure and Modern Industrial Organization Approach

En Argentina, a partir de la desregulacion de los mercados y la implementacion de la convertibilidad en los ´90, se definia un nuevo escenario para el productor agropecuario en el que era necesario incrementar beneficios a traves de reducir la intermediacion, agregar valor y diversificar riesgos. En respuesta a ello, los agronegocios de especialidades granarias comenzaron a tomar importancia como alternativa productiva y comercial. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la performance de una especialidad granaria en Argentina, el girasol confitero, a traves de la metodologia propuesta por P. Joskow (1995). Esta comprende la caracterizacion de los eslabones que componen la cadena y las interrelaciones existentes; el estudio del entorno institucional en que se desenvuelve este agronegocio y el estudio de la dinamica entre los actores participantes. Los principales hallazgos muestran que las innovaciones institucionales fueron un disparador del desarollo de nuevos disenos organizaciones en el agronegocio del girasol confitero, basados en esquemas contractuales que sumados a ventajas comparativas permitieron un importante crecimiento de la actividad, convirtiendose Argentina en un importante jugador a nivel mundial. Aun asi, se observa que existen conflictos entre los actores de la cadena, afectados por factores vinculados a la volatilidad propia del mercado y la fuerte competencia a nivel global. Esto resulta una amenaza para un mayor desarrollo de este agronegocio en Argentina, siendo necesario acciones colectivas para poder capturar mayor valor del generado por todo el sistema. DOI: 10.5585/remark.v8i2. 2132
Using Queer Theory to Explore Lesbian College Students’ Multiple Dimensions of Identity

By introducing queer theory to Abes and Jones's (2004) constructivist narrative inquiry of lesbian college students' perceptions of their multiple identities, we retell the developmental narrative of one participant's negotiation of her sexuality, religion, gender, and social class. This queer retelling of a developmental story shows how identities are constantly forming and reforming and challenges heteronormative assumptions underlying student development theory, including the construct of self-authorship. We propose a fluid perspective on student development that accounts for lesbian college students' resistance of heteronormative structures. We also encourage student affairs practice that centers lesbian college students' agency and resistance.
Distinct and overlapping genetic loci in crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: Correlations with pathogenesis

Background: A common genotypic basis for ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) is implied by overlapping clinical characteristics, epidemiological studies, and association of genes with both UC and CD. We evaluated the overlap between CD and UC genetic loci stratified by pathogenetic pathways and by disease location. Methods: The allele frequencies of six UC‐associated and 34 CD‐associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were determined in a Canadian IBD cohort (n = 2374). Differences between CD, UC, colon‐only CD, ileal CD, and controls were analyzed controlling for ethnicity, age of diagnosis, and gender. Results: In all, 21 of 34 CD‐associated SNPs had similar allele frequencies in UC (n = 1230) and CD (n = 1144). Three of six UC‐associated SNPs had significantly different frequencies in CD (n = 1144). Most of the divergence in allele frequency among CD and UC was noted in NOD2/autophagy pathway SNPs, while most SNPs with similar frequencies were in IL‐22/23 Th17, adaptive immunity, and barrier pathways. Colon‐only CD (n = 228) was compared with healthy controls: three of six UC SNPs (in MST1, HLA‐DRA, and IL‐23R) and 11 of 34 CD SNPs: in IRGM, NOD2 (rs2066845), CCNY, MST1, IL23R, PTPN22, C11orf30, ZNF365, PTPN2, PSMG1, and rs1456893 were significantly associated. In all, 29 of 34 CD SNPs had similar allele frequencies in colonic CD compared with ileal CD (n = 366). All UC SNPs had similar frequencies in UC and colonic CD. Conclusions: Our results suggest that CD and UC share common genetic associations related to impaired adaptive immunity and diverge in pathways of foreign antigen processing. Colon‐only CD overlaps extensively with UC and considerably with ileal CD. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2010)
A dose-dependent relationship between the severity of visible mold growth and IgE levels of pre-school-aged resident children in Taiwan.

UNLABELLED To demonstrate a dose-dependent relationship between severity of indoor visible mold growth and serum total IgE levels of resident children. A total of 97 children (4-7 years old) identified from previously established birth-cohort, with information pertaining to indoor environmental conditions after child's birth, were successfully recruited while sera were concurrently collected for total IgE and specific IgE analysis during clinical visits. Severity of visible mold growth at homes was scaled into three levels accordingly. A statistically significant dose-dependent relationship was found between severity of indoor visible mold growth and total serum IgE levels. The trend sustains after the model was adjusted for resident child's age, gender, pet-keeping history, number of siblings, atopic history of parents, presence of incense burning, and environmental tobacco smoking (ETS) at home. Further analysis of specific IgE to commonly examined fungal allergens did not substantiate the correlation. Rather, resident child's specific IgE to mite allergens, although without statistical significance, seemed to better associate with the ranked severity of indoor mold growth in this study. An adjuvant role of fungal exposure to enhance sensitization in indoor environment is therefore suggested in Taiwanese population with high prevalence of building dampness. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The presence of indoor visible mold growth, potentially resulting in fungal exposure, was not associated directly with changing biomarker levels of allergic response in resident children, rather playing an adjuvant role to enhance sensitization. On the other hand, other allergens, such as mite allergen examined in this study, appeared to support a more plausible etiology for directly triggering the ultimate allergic symptoms and diseases of interest. Evidence as such may derive different priority-setting when designing preventive measures for managing indoor air quality.
Study on a Novel UWB Linear Array Human Respiration Model and Detection Method

A novel ultra-wideband (UWB) linear array human respiration model and detection method is proposed to obtain vital sign feature (VSF) including azimuth, range, and respiration frequency. As the azimuth of the human being cannot be estimated by a single receiving channel, the new method generates new B-scans for different scanning angles. When the azimuth angle is determined by the azimuth estimation method, the corresponding new B-scans can be processed to obtain the range and respiration frequency. The new method not only estimates the azimuth angle of the human being, but also detects multiple respiration motions from the new B-scans instead of the traditional B-scans. Meanwhile, the implementation steps of the new method are fully illustrated both in free-space and rubble situation. Four free-space simulations are performed and prove the necessity of the new method using the UWB linear array. The results verify its capability for the azimuth estimation and the multiple VSFs detection. In addition, the scene with one person trapped in rubble is simulated to validate the new method for the rubble case with unknown permittivity. Furthermore, a practical experimental validation is performed in an artificial ruin to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Visual pigments of rods and cones in a human retina.

1. Microspectrophotometric measurements have been made of the photopigments of individual rods and cones from the retina of a man. The measuring beam was passed transversely through the isolated outer segments. 2. The mean absorbance spectrum for rods (n = 11) had a peak at 497.6 +/‐ 3.3 nm and the mean transverse absorbance was 0.035 +/‐ 0.007. 3. Three classes of cones were identified. The long‐wave cones ('red' cones) had a lambda max of 562.8 +/‐ 4.7 nm (n = 19) with a mean transverse absorbance of 0.027 +/‐ 0.005. The middle‐wave cones ('green' cones) had a lambda max of 533.8 +/‐ 3.7 nm (n = 11) with a mean transverse absorbance of 0.032 +/‐ 0.007. The short‐wave cones ('blue' cones) had a lambda max of 420.3 +/‐ 4.7 nm (n = 3) with a mean transverse absorbance of 0.037 +/‐ 0.011. 4. If assumptions are made about the length of cones and about pre‐receptoral absorption, it is possible to derive psychophysical sensitivities for the cones that closely resemble the appropriate pi mechanisms of W. S. Stiles. 5. If assumptions are made about the length of rods and about pre‐receptoral absorption, however, the psychophysical sensitivity derived for the rods is considerably broader than the C.I.E. scotopic sensitivity function.