Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supervised Distance Based Detection of Outliers by Reverse Nearest Neighbors Method

Abstract In data stream analysis, outlier detection has many applications as a branch of data mining and gaining more attention. Data that is different or inconsistent from normal data set are identified by outlier detection. Unusual data records because of some data errors can be treated as outliers typically detecting outliers and analyzing large data sets identifies the problem such as medical problems, a structural defect, and experimental errors. This paper focuses the different methods for detection of anomalies. In order to handle the problems related to outlier detection because of uncertain data, outlier detection technique based on the AntiHub term is used. Keywords— Data stream, Data mining, outlier detection.
ENHANCEMENT AND SEGMENTATION OF HISTORICAL RECORDS

Document Analysis and Recognition (DAR) aims to extract automatically the information in the document and also addresses to human comprehension. The automatic processing of degraded historical documents are applications of document image analysis field which is confronted with many difficulties due to the storage condition and the complexity of the script. The main interest of enhancement of historical documents is to remove undesirable statistics that appear in the background and highlight the foreground, so as to enable automatic recognition of documents with high accuracy. This paper addresses pre-processing and segmentation of ancient scripts, as an initial step to automate the task of an epigraphist in reading and deciphering inscriptions. Pre-processing involves, enhancement of degraded ancient document images which is achieved through four different Spatial filtering methods for smoothing or sharpening namely Median, Gaussian blur, Mean and Bilateral filter, with different mask sizes. This is followed by binarization of the enhanced image to highlight the foreground information, using Otsu thresholding algorithm. In the second phase Segmentation is carried out using Drop Fall and WaterReservoir approaches, to obtain sampled characters, which can be used in later stages of OCR. The system showed good results when tested on the nearly 150 samples of varying degraded epigraphic images and works well giving better enhanced output for, 4x4 mask size for Median filter, 2x2 mask size for Gaussian blur, 4x4 mask size for Mean and Bilateral filter. The system can effectively sample characters from enhanced images, giving a segmentation rate of 85%-90% for Drop Fall and 85%-90% for Water Reservoir techniques respectively.
Entamoeba histolytica antigen-specific induction of human immunodeficiency virus replication

Replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may be initiated in infected lymphocytes by antigenic or mitogenic stimulation. A soluble protein derived from an invasive strain of Entamoeba histolytica (amoebic antigen [AA]) was used to study the lymphoblastic responses of T lymphocytes derived from 8 HIV-seronegative homosexual men (controls) and 15 HIV-seropositive homosexual men (patients). The soluble protein was also used in long-term cultures as a stimulus for HIV replication. No control or patient produced detectable lymphoblastic responses to AA in a 6-day tritiated-thymidine incorporation assay. Of 15 patients, 5 (33%) produced HIV p24 (ranging from 31 pg/ml to 151 ng/ml) in response to AA in 30-day cell cultures. HIV p24 was expressed in three of seven patients in response to AA but not to the T-lymphocyte mitogen phytohemagglutinin. Implications for managing HIV-infected patients are discussed.
Recommender Systems: Increasing Profits and Efficiency in Business

- Today, in almost every field, when interacting with a computer or any other automated device, we are provided recommendations or suggestions of possible preferences related to a product or a service. These applications make use of recommender systems to entice users toward a particular product and increase user association with the application. In this paper, we present a detailed study on recommender system and their new features.
Anterior thalamic nuclei lesions have a greater impact than mammillothalamic tract lesions on the extended hippocampal system

The anterior thalamic nuclei (ATN), mammillary bodies and their interconnecting fiber tract, the mammillothalamic tract (MTT), are important components of an extended hippocampal circuit for episodic memory. In humans, damage to the MTT or ATN in many disorders is associated with severe anterograde amnesia and it is assumed that their influence on memory is functionally equivalent. The relative influence of these two structures on memory has not, however, been assessed explicitly. Here, a direct comparison found that only ATN lesions impaired spatial reference memory in rats. ATN lesions produced more severe deficits on spatial working memory and reduced zif268 expression to a greater degree and in more corticolimbic sites than did MTT lesions. Conversely, MTT lesions reduced NeuN cell counts in all three subregions of the MB to a greater extent than did ATN lesions, so their relative impact cannot be explained by retrograde neuropathology of the MB. Hence ATN injury causes a more critical dysfunction than would be expected by an emphasis on the indirect influence of brainstem inputs to the extended memory system. The greater ATN lesion deficits found here may represent the consequence of disruption to the direct connections of the ATN with both hippocampal and cortical sites.
Potential treatments to reduce phorbol esters levels in jatropha seed cake for improving the value added product

Jatropha seed cake contains high amounts of protein and other nutrients, however it has a drawback due to toxic compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate the methods applied to detoxify the main toxin, phorbol esters in jatropha seed cake, to a safe and acceptable level by maintaining the nutritional values. Phorbol esters are tetracyclic diterpenoids-polycyclic compounds that are known as tumor promoters and hence exhibited the toxicity within a broad range of species. Mismanagement of the jatropha waste from jatropha oil industries would lead to contamination of the environment, affecting living organisms and human health through the food chain, so several methods were tested for reducing the toxicity of the seed cake. The results from this investigation showed that heat treatments at either 120°C or 220°C for 1 hour and then mixing with adsorbing bentonite (10%), nanoparticles of zinc oxide (100 μg/g) plus NaHCO3 at 4%, followed by a 4-week incubation period yielded the best final product. The remaining phorbol esters concentration (0.05–0.04 mg/g) from this treatment was less than that reported for the nontoxic jatropha varieties (0.11–0.27 mg/g). Nutritional values of the seed cake after treatment remained at the same levels found in the control group and these values were crude protein (20.47–21.40 + 0.17–0.25%), crude lipid (14.27–14.68 + 0.13–0.14%) and crude fiber (27.33–29.67 + 0.58%). A cytotoxicity test conducted using L929 and normal human dermal fibroblast cell lines confirmed that most of the toxic compounds, especially phorbol esters, were shown as completely eliminated. The results suggested that the detoxification of phorbol esters residues in the jatropha seed cake was possible while it also retained nutritional values. Therefore, the methods to detoxify phorbol esters are necessary to minimize the toxicity of jatropha seed cake. Further, it is essential to reduce the possible environmental impacts that may be generated throughout the jatropha waste-handling process. However additional tests such as digestibility as well as acceptability of the treated jatropha seed cake should be conducted using both in vivo and in vitro studies before recommending the jatropha seed cake as a source of renewable animal feed and other value-added products.
QuizMonitor: A learning platform that leverages student monitoring

This work presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of a learning platform that addresses two main objectives: first it provides and on-line quiz tool for students which can be used as a complementary learning approach to the classroom courses. Secondly, this tool performs a detailed analysis of learners use, considering not only the number of mistakes students have made but also the student temporal use distribution and opinion (obtained by a survey) about the difficulty of the learning contents. All this information is processed and used to provide feedback to the teachers identifying the most difficult contents of the area of study and the students with a low learning performance. We have developed and evaluated this tool in two university degree subjects. The obtained results are promising, showing that students can improve their final grades through its use and that teachers can identify the student learning problems, in order to assess where students may require more support or challenge. In addition, we analyze the impact of different metrics obtained by this tool (academic performance, intensity of study and student proactivity) in the final subject grades.
Synthesis and Antihypertensive Activity of Novel 1-(4-Benzyl-1- phthalazinyl)pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidines.

Convenient Syntheses of derivatives of the pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines from 1-(4-benzyl-1-phthalazinyl)-3-amino-4-cyano-5-methylpyrazole (1) and carbon disulphide, aryl isothiocyanates, nitriles or guanidine are described. Derivatives of compound 1 undergo cyclization to the titled ring system by action of dimethylformamide dimethylacetal or hydrogen sulphide followed by treatment with triethylamine. Some of the new compounds were studied as antihypertensive agents.
Mammalian Diversity and Matses Ethnomammalogy in Amazonian Peru. Part 1: Primates

Review of Mammalian Diversity and Matses Ethnomammalogy in Amazonian Peru. Part 1: Primates . Robert S. Voss and David W. Fleck. 2011. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, Number 351. Pp.81, 3 figures, 25 tables. Free at AMNH Digital Library ISSN 0003‐0090.
Ergosterol of Cordyceps militaris Attenuates LPS Induced Inflammation in BV2 Microglia Cells

Different solvent extracts of Cordyceps militaris stroma powder were tested for cell viability and inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) triggered BV2 microglia cells. Chemical investigation of the ethyl acetate fraction resulted in an enriched ergosterol sub-fraction CE3. The BV2 cells showed no cytotoxic effects when treated with the ethyl acetate fraction and sub-fraction CE3 at concentrations of 0.1 μg/mL – 100 μg/mL compared with the control. At 10 μg/mL, the ethyl acetate fraction and sub-fraction CE3 had the highest reduction of 48.0% and 44.7% of nitric oxide production, respectively. The major compound in sub-fraction CE3 was ergosterol, identified by GCMS, and the purity was checked by HPLC. Further, the reduction of nitric oxide in LPS triggered BV2 cells was about three fold higher when compared with the control commercial ergosterol.
MathModelica-An Object-Oriented Mathematical Modeling and Simulation Environment

MathModelica is an integrated interactive development environment for advanced object-oriented system modeling and simulation. The environment integrates Modelica-based modeling and simulation with graphic design, advanced scripting facilities, integration of program code, test cases, graphics, documentation, mathematical typesetting, and symbolic formula manipulation provided via Mathematica. The user interface consists of a graphical Model Editor and Mathematica notebooks. The Model Editor is a graphical user interface in which models can be assembled using components from a number of standard libraries representing different physical domains or disciplines, such as electrical, mechanics, block-diagram and multibody systems. The accessible MathModelica internal form allows the user to extend the system with new functionality, as well as to perform queries on the model representation and write scripts for automatic model generation. Furthermore, extensibility of syntax and semantics provides additional flexibility in adapting to unforeseen user needs.
Factores de la personalidad relacionados con la participación de los médicos en un sistema de vigilancia del dengue

Introduccion. El conocimiento de la incidencia del dengue en una poblacion es un factor importante para la toma de decisiones referentes a las medidas preventivas y de control de la enfermedad. Esta incidencia se puede conocer si los medicos solicitan los estudios de diagnostico necesarios para su confirmacion y si se reportan sus casos a las autoridades sanitarias. Objetivo. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo el determinar los factores de personalidad que se asocian con la participacion en el sistema de vigilancia del dengue, en un grupo de medicos generales y familiares de cuatro instituciones publicas de salud de la ciudad de Merida. Material y Metodos. Los datos obtenidos en el presente estudio fueron analizados mediante un modelo de regresion logistica. Los factores de personalidad fueron estudiados en los medicos, mediante el metodo de Cattell. Resultados. De los factores de personalidad, el factor F, caracteristico de personas entusiastas, se asocio a la actitud positiva hacia la participacion en el sistema de vigilancia del dengue, establecido en su sitio de trabajo.
Defining a Link with Asthma in Mice Congenitally Deficient in Eosinophils

Eosinophils are often dominant inflammatory cells present in the lungs of asthma patients. Nonetheless, the role of these leukocytes remains poorly understood. We have created a transgenic line of mice (PHIL) that are specifically devoid of eosinophils, but otherwise have a full complement of hematopoietically derived cells. Allergen challenge of PHIL mice demonstrated that eosinophils were required for pulmonary mucus accumulation and the airway hyperresponsiveness associated with asthma. The development of an eosinophil-less mouse now permits an unambiguous assessment of a number of human diseases that have been linked to this granulocyte, including allergic diseases, parasite infections, and tumorigenesis.
Is dystonia a sensory disorder?

16. similarity of MHC-linked LMP and proteasome (multicatalyric proteinase) complexes. Nature 199 1;353:355-357 Momburg F, Roelse J, Howard JC, et al. Selectivity of MHCencoded peptide transporters from human, mouse and rat. Nature 1994;367:648-651 Powis SJ, Deverson EV, Coadwell WJ, et al. Effect of polymorphism of an MHC-linked transporter on the peptides assembled in a class I molecule. Nature 1992;357:211-215 Vandevyver C, Stinissen P, Cassiman J-J, Raus J. Tap-I and Tap-2 transporter gene polymorphisms in multiple sclerosis: no evidence for disease associations. J Neuroimmunol 1994;54:
Bidirectional double-boost DC-DC converter using RCD snubber

This paper presents a bidirectional double-boost dc-dc converter with higher efficiency for renewable energy applications. The proposed converter uses a non-dissipative RCD snubber, that not only reduces the voltage stress but also provides better efficiency to the converter. This bidirectional double-boost dc-dc converter operates under two modes namely charging and discharging. Under both charging and discharging modes, simulation waveforms have been obtained using MATLAB SIMULINK and thereby efficiency is evaluated. The various operational details of the proposed dc-dc converter has been discussed throughout the paper.
Abdominal adipocyte populations in women with visceral obesity.

BACKGROUND Visceral obesity is independently related to numerous cardiometabolic alterations, with adipose tissue dysfunction as a central feature. OBJECTIVE To examine whether omental (OM) and subcutaneous (SC) adipocyte size populations in women relate to visceral obesity, cardiometabolic risk factors and adipocyte lipolysis independent of total adiposity. DESIGN AND METHODS OM and SC fat samples were obtained during gynecological surgery in 60 women (mean age, 46.1±5.9 years; mean BMI, 27.1±4.5 kg/m² (range, 20.3-41. kg/m²)). Fresh samples were treated with osmium tetroxide and were analyzed with a Multisizer Coulter. Cell size distributions were computed for each sample with exponential and Gaussian function fits. RESULTS Computed tomography-measured visceral fat accumulation was the best predictor of larger cell populations as well as the percentage of small cells in both OM and SC fat (P<0.0001 for all). Accordingly, women with visceral obesity had larger cells in the main population and higher proportion of small adipocytes independent of total adiposity (P≤0.05). Using linear regression analysis, we found that women characterized by larger-than-predicted adipocytes in either OM or SC adipose tissue presented higher visceral adipose tissue area, increased percentage of small cells and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index as well as higher OM adipocyte isoproterenol-, forskolin- and dbcAMP-stimulated lipolysis compared to women with smaller-than-predicted adipocytes, independent of total adiposity (P≤0.05). CONCLUSION Excess visceral adipose tissue accumulation is a strong marker of both adipocyte hypertrophy and increased number of small cells in either fat compartment, which relates to higher insulin resistance index and lipolytic response, independent of total adiposity.
A spectrum of logical definitions of model‐based diagnosis 1

In this paper, we analyze the logical definitions of model‐based diagnosis recently presented in the literature, and we propose a unified framework (based on the integration of abductive and consistency‐based reasoning) in which most of such definitions can be captured. This allows us to single out the existence of a spectrum of alternatives in the logical definition of diagnosis. A lot of attention in the paper is devoted to analyzing the differences among the definitions in the spectrum. In particular, we show that the definitions can be compared on the basis of their restrictive‐ness and we relate such a restrictiveness with the completeness of the model of the system to be diagnosed.
Using image-based modelling (SfM–MVS) to produce a 1935 ortho-mosaic of the Ethiopian highlands

Approximately 34,000 aerial photographs covering large parts of Ethiopia and dating back to 1935–1941 have been recently recovered. These allow investigating environmental dynamics for a past period that until now is only accessible from terrestrial photographs or narratives. As the archive consists of both oblique and vertical aerial photographs that cover rather small areas, methods of image-based modelling were used to orthorectify the images. In this study, 9 vertical and 18 low oblique aerial photographs were processed as an ortho-mosaic, covering an area of 25 km2, west of Wukro town in northern Ethiopia. Using 15 control points (derived from Google Earth), a Root Means Square Error of 28.5 m in X 35.4 m in Y were achieved. These values can be viewed as optimal, given the relatively low resolution and poor quality of the imagery, the lack of metadata, the geometric quality of the Google Earth imagery and the recording characteristics. Land use remained largely similar since 1936, with large parts of the land being used as cropland or extensive grazing areas. Most remarkable changes are the strong expansion of the settlements as well as land management improvements. In a larger effort, ortho-mosaics covering large parts of Ethiopia in 1935–1941 will be produced.
Five Arabidopsis peroxin 11 homologs individually promote peroxisome elongation, duplication or aggregation

Pex11 homologs and dynamin-related proteins uniquely regulate peroxisome division (cell-cycle-dependent duplication) and proliferation (cell-cycle-independent multiplication). Arabidopsis plants possess five Pex11 homologs designated in this study as AtPex11a, -b, -c, -d and -e. Transcripts for four isoforms were found in Arabidopsis plant parts and in cells in suspension culture; by contrast, AtPex11a transcripts were found only in developing siliques. Within 2.5 hours after biolistic bombardments, myc-tagged or GFP-tagged AtPex11 a, -b, -c, -d and -e individually sorted from the cytosol directly to peroxisomes; none trafficked indirectly through the endoplasmic reticulum. Both termini of myc-tagged AtPex11 b, -c, -d and -e faced the cytosol, whereas the N- and C-termini of myc-AtPex11a faced the cytosol and matrix, respectively. In AtPex11a- or AtPex11e-transformed cells, peroxisomes doubled in number. Those peroxisomes bearing myc-AtPex11a, but not myc-AtPex11e, elongated prior to duplication. In cells transformed with AtPex11c or AtPex11d, peroxisomes elongated without subsequent fission. In AtPex11b-transformed cells, peroxisomes were aggregated and rounded. A C-terminal dilysine motif, present in AtPex11c, -d and -e, was not necessary for AtPex11d-induced peroxisome elongation. However, deletion of the motif from myc-AtPex11e led to peroxisome elongation and fission, indicating that the motif in this isoform promotes fission without elongation. In summary, all five overexpressed AtPex11 isoforms sort directly to peroxisomal membranes where they individually promote duplication (AtPex11a, -e), aggregation (AtPex11b), or elongation without fission (AtPex11c, -d).
Linearly Polarized Radial Line Patch Antenna With Internal Rectangular Coupling Patches

A linearly polarized radial line patch antenna with internal coupling patches is presented. A non-resonant antenna structure has been designed, with a 0.68 λ0 radial spacing between element rings. A uniform amplitude and phase feed scheme has been implemented. Therefore, a phase compensation microstrip structure (external to the radial waveguide) has been included for a broadside radiation beam. Likewise, a compensation method has been used to avoid internal reflection problems in the waveguide. An antenna prototype has been built. 28.2 dBi gain and 70% efficiency peak values have been measured at DBS band, with reasonable agreement between simulations and measurements.
Thermal conductivity of Si/Ge superlattices

We report in this paper the thermal conductivity measurement of Si/Ge superlattices as a function of the temperature and the period thickness. The symmetrized Si/Ge superlattices are grown by MBE on Si substrates with a graded buffer layer. A comparative 3/spl omega/ method is used to measure the thermal conductivity of the buffer and the superlattices between 80K-300K. The thermal conductivity is carried out in conjunction with X-ray and TEM sample characterization. The measured thermal conductivity values are lower than that of their corresponding alloys and show a decreasing trend with increasing period thickness which are corroborated with the TEM characterization of the dislocation density.