Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Towards advanced nitrogen removal and optimal energy recovery from leachate: A critical review of anammox-based processes

Abstract Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), a promising technology for bio-nitrogen removal, has been a research hotspot in the field of leachate treatment. However, the inhibitory effect of organic matter and high-strength nitrogen on anammox bacteria and the limitation of the theoretical total nitrogen removal efficiency of anammox (<90%) are obstacles to its wider application. The mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of organic matter, ammonium, and nitrite on anammox bacteria, and the corresponding control strategies are summaries. The anammox-based processes developed for advanced nitrogen removal (ANR) in recent years, including anammox-based heterotrophic denitrification, anammox-based partial denitrification, and anammox-based constructed wetlands are systematically discussed. An integrated anaerobic system of simultaneous denitrification and methanogenesis (anaerobic membrane bioreactor) + anammox-based processes was proposed for the ANR and optimal energy recovery from leachate. This process showed a 16% increase in biogas yield, a 64% decrease in aeration energy consumption, and the decrease in the external carbon source is expected to be 100% compared to conventional leachate treatment processes such as anoxic/oxic-membrane bioreactors. Finally, a few research perspectives on leachate treatment using anammox-based processes are reviewed. The conclusions drawn from the studies presented herein provide guidance for further research and engineering applications in the field of leachate treatment. Highlights AnMBR pretreatment is proposed for energy recovery and elimination of inhibition of anammox bacteria by organics. Anammox-based heterotrophic denitrification, partial denitrification, and anammox-based constructed wetlands are discussed for ANR. SDM is proposed for ANR from leachate via anammox effluent recirculation. An SDM(AnMBR)+anammox based process is proposed for energy saving and recovery. Graphical Abstract
Formulation and evaluation of antibacterial herbal formulations containing the aquatic ethanol extract of Kigelia africana fruits

Kigelia africana (Bignoniaceae) possess various pharmacological activities like antibacterial activity. Objective: The aim of the present study was to formulate and evaluate the aquatic ethanol extract of Kigelia africana fruits as efficient antibacterial therapy. Methods: Topical formulations were prepared by incorporating the extract in two aqueous cream formulations and two emulgel formulations (1%, 2%, 3%, 5%, 7% and 10% w/w) and evaluated for organoleptic characteristics, melting point, pH, viscosity, spreadability, extrudability, microbial limit, in vitro activity, in vitro release, ex vivo diffusion and stability. Results: The study showed that the formulated creams and emulgels had acceptable organoleptic properties, melting point, pH, viscosity, spreadability, extrudability and microbial limit. The in vitro activity, release rate and diffusion rate was higher in emulgels than creams. Among cream formulations one formula (10%) exhibited significant in vitro activity, release and diffusion rate while one emulgel formula (7% and 10%) provide significant in vitro activity, release and diffusion rate. The effective aqueous cream and one formula of emulgels exhibited stability while another emulgel showed physical instability. Conclusion: The present study concludes that the formulated cream and emulgel were safe, effective and stable antibacterial formulations for the topical delivery of the aquatic ethanol extract of Kigelia africana fruits.
Influence of Addition Sweet Lupine Flour on Quality and Antioxidant Characteristics of Biscuits

This research was suggested the influence of difference replacement levels (4, 8, and 12 %) of sweet lupine flour (SLF) as partially substitute for wheat flour (WF) in produce biscuits on rheological properties of biscuit dough's , chemical composition, amino acids, physical, sensory and antioxidant characteristics of produced biscuits. The results of rheological properties for tested biscuit dough's showed that by increasing the replacement levels (4, 8 and 12%) of SLF led to increase of water absorption (%), arrival time (min), dough development (min), dough stability (min), elasticity (B.U), proportional number (R/Ex) and energy (cm2) , while, the degree of softening values (B.U) and extensibility (mm) were decreased as compared with control sample. The chemical composition of produced biscuit samples showed a significant increase in crude protein, ash and crude fiber contents and non-significant difference in crude fat and total soluble carbohydrates contents at level 4% SLF and but noticed a significant difference at levels 8 and 12% of SLF as compared with the control sample. In addition, the increase of all amino acids also showed a significant increase in total polyphenols, total flavonoids and %DPPH free radical scavenging activity in produced biscuits contained SLF as compared with the control sample. The physical characteristics of produced biscuit samples was showed a non-significant difference of width up to level 8% SLF but showed a significant decrease at the level 12% SLF, while, showed a significant increase in thickness, on the other hand, showed a significant decreased in weight, spread ratio and spread percentage as at difference replacement levels (4, 8, and 12 %) of SLF compared with the control sample. The results of organoleptic properties (appearance, color, taste, odor, crispness, texture and overall acceptability) for produced biscuit samples were showed that the produced biscuits by partially replacement of wheat flour with SLF up to level 8 % had a good sensory properties and acceptability when compared with control sample. Therefore, can be used of SLF in fortified biscuits and placed on the market as a functional food.
Sorption of Molybdenum, Niobium and Selenium in Soils

An evaluation of the behaviour of radioactive nuclear waste nuclides in the biosphere is included in the safety assessment of spent nuclear fuel final disposal. One part of this estimate is the evaluation of the sorption of molybdenum, niobium and selenium in soils. This literature survey describes the chemistry of these radionuclides and the factors affecting their sorption in soils. Mo-93, Nb-94 and Se-79 are long-lived activation products formed from the stable isotopes present in the nuclear fuel, structural components and construction materials used in power reactors. Se-79 is also a fission product. Knowledge of their behaviour in the environment is of great interest because of their long physical half-lives and anionic nature. The migration and sorption of radionuclides in soils is affected by parameters specific to the element and to the soil. Chemical form, speciation, is the most important elemental factor affecting the sorption and migration properties of the element. Soil redox potential, pH and complex forming ligands are features that have great influence on the speciation. Micro-organisms present in soils can affect the speciation of radionuclides indirectly by changing the prevailing Eh-pH conditions. They can also serve as sorbents. The organic matter content and mineral properties of soils have a noticeable influence on the retention of radionuclides. The sorption of anionic radionuclides such as molybdate, selenite and selenate is pronounced in the presence of organic matter and iron and aluminium oxyhydroxides. This literature review covers certain elemental and soil specific parameters affecting the sorption of radioactive molybdenum, niobium and selenium in soils. The effect of speciation, soil micro-organisms, organic matter and mineral properties are considered.
Physical Activity Promotion on Campus: Using Empirical Evidence to Recommend Strategic Approaches to Target Female College Students.

PROBLEM: A large number of American adults do not meet national physical activity (PA) guidelines for aerobic PA and muscle strengthening. Similarly, many American college students, specifically females do not engage in regular PA. Self Determination Theory can provide a basis for investigating motivational processes of PA. The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between exercise motivation regulation and physical activity behaviors among college females in order to make recommendations for future campus-based health promotion practices. METHODS: Participants ( n =470) completed a web-based survey including items from the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire various PA items. RESULTS: Multiple regression analyses indicate only Identified Regulation as a significant predictor of Moderate PA; both Identified and Intrinsic Regulation were significantly predictive of Vigorous PA; Identified Regulation was significantly predictive of strength training; and both Identified and Intrinsic Regulation were significantly predictive of Stretching. CONCLUSION: Findings demonstrate the need for further exploration of motivation regulation among college females. University campuses represent an ideal setting for promoting physical activity among large proportions of young adults, and evidence from this study and prevention science research should inform the development, implementation, and evaluation of uniquely female PA promotion efforts.
The role of axonal transport disruption in the development of axonal mechanical sensitivity in intact C-fibre neurons

ii Table of contents . iv List of Tables . ix List of Figures . x Abbreviations . xiv Acknowledgements . xvi Declaration . xvii Chapter 1 Introduction . 1 1.1 Chronic pain . 2 1.1.1 Neuropathic pain . 3 1.2 Introduction to the somatosensory nervous system . 12 1.2. 1 Sensory nerve fibre classification . 12 1.3 Axonal transport . 17 1.3. 1 Fast axonal transport . 20 1.3. 2 Slow axonal transport . 20 1.4 Signal transduction in sensory neurons . 21 1.4. 1 Mechanically sensitive ion channels . 21 1.4. 2 Normal transduction properties of axons . 33 1.5 Animal models of neuropathic pain . 34 1.5. 1 Models of neuritis . 36 1.5. 2 Model of localised axonal transport disruption . 38 1.5. 3 Chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy model . 40 1.6 Summary of the mechanisms of neuropathic pain . 43 1.6. 1 Peripheral mechanisms . 43 1.6. 2 Central mechanisms . 52 1.7 Summary . 55 Hypothesis . 56
Role of the Putative Polysaccharide Deacetylase BA1836 from B. anthracis in Spore Development and Germination

Putative and known polysaccharide deacetylases (PDAs) from B. anthracis have key roles in resistance to host lysozyme, stabilization of the cell wall, biogenesis of peptidoglycan (PG) and for neutral polysaccharide modification and attachment to PG. Here we elucidated the physiological role of the putative PDA BA1836 from B. anthracis. The ba1836 gene was expressed upon entrance into the stationary phase of growth and enhanced during the early stages of sporulation. The Δba1836 knockout strain had normal growth rate, did not exhibit any significant alterations in PG pattern of stationary phase cells and was not sensitive to lysozyme, but showed a defect in cell separation. Strikingly, the Δba1836 mutant strain exhibited a severe delay in spore development although mature spores were ultimately developed and had normal morphology. Additionally, digestion of Δba1836 mutant spore PG with mutanolysin produced an almost identical muropeptide pattern compared to peptidoglycan from wild type spores, although the amount of all muropeptides was significantly reduced. Finally, knockout spores exhibited a lower germination rate. To our knowledge, BA1836 has a unique role, among the presently characterized PDAs from B. anthracis, in spore development and germination.
Classified scheduling algorithm of big data under cloud computing

ABSTRACT In order to realize the optimization of resource scheduling in the cloud computing environment and improve the utilization ratio of network data resource, we need to carry out the data resource scheduling in the cloud computing environment. But when using the current scheduling method for data resource scheduling in cloud computing environment, we schedule the current task through determining the resource scheduling cost function, however, we do not take into account the comprehensive evaluation cost of performance of user data, resulting in data network resource scheduling is poor. Therefore, this paper proposed a method of scheduling network data resources in cloud computing environment based on particle swarm optimization. Firstly, this method dynamically clusters cloud computing network data resources. By considering the network bandwidth, the bandwidth utilization, the current network running state, the method introduces the particle swarm apportion model in the process of building the network data resource scheduling model, and predicts the execution speed of task based on network nodes, and schedules and arranges task sets of different data resources. We obtain the total weight of data network resource scheduling tasks and take it as parameters to calculate the fitness value, on the basis of particle swarm optimization algorithm, we optimize different network data resource scheduling tasks. Experimental results show that the proposed method is suitable for the scheduling of network data resources in cloud computing environment, and has advantages in scheduling efficiency and resource utilization.
Influence of different functionalization methods of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the properties of poly(L-lactide) based nanocomposites

This paper presents influence of the type of carbon nanotube functionalization on properties of poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) based nanocomposite materials. For this purpose surface modifications of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were performed by chemical and irradiation techniques, while thermo gravimetric analysis, UV-Visible and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopies confirmed successful covalent functionalization. Series of PLLA bionanocom-posites with different contents of functionalized MWCNTs (0.7; 1.6; 2.1 wt%), were synthesized via ring-opening solution polymerisation of L-lactide. FT-IR analysis confirmed that grafting of L-lactide, under controlled condition, is possible to perform starting from the surface of functionalized MWCNTs. From differential scanning calorimetry results it was concluded that even low contents of chemically and irradiation functionalized MWCNTs had a significant effect on thermal properties of the prepared nanocomposites, raising the values of melting and glass transition temperatures. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) has shown that the degradation onset temperature for composites with chemically functionalized MWCNTs, was much higher than that for the neat poly(L-lactide) sample and composites with irradiation functionalized MWCNTs. Morphology studies by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that poly(L-lactide) covered surfaces and separated functionalized MWCNTs. Good dispersion of carbon nanotubes in polymer matrix enabled conductivity of synthesized materials, as determined by conductivity tests.
The Role of Histone Variant H2A.Z During the Oxidative Stress in Budding Yeast

Organization of the genome in eukaryotes has long been a mystery, and while we have furthered our knowledge in recent years, there is still much that remains unknown. We are particularly interested in the function of one of the histone variants of H2A, H2A.Z. Its presence in a gene promoter can coincide with especially high or low levels of transcription. The mechanism by which this occurs and why it occurs is unknown. Here, we seek to understand whether the presence of the variant at several genes is helpful in the context of oxidative stress. We found no transcriptional upregulation or downregulation effect due to deletion of HTZ1, the gene encoding the histone variant H2A.Z, leading us to believe that the variant is not very influential at the three oxidative stress response genes we tested: CYC1, FLR1, or GTT2. However, although our results did not reveal a large role for H2A.Z in expression of these genes, they did reveal other key insights into the oxidative stress response in yeast.
A methodology to implement an information security management system

Information security has actually been a major challenge to most organizations. Indeed, information security is an ongoing risk management process that covers all of the information that needs to be protected. ISO 17799 offers what companies need in order to better manage information security. The best way to implement this standard is to ease the security management process using a methodology that will define will define guidelines, procedures and tools that will be needed along the way. Hence, this paper proposes a methodology to assist companies in assessing their compliance with BS 7799/ ISO 17799 as well as planning and implementing the actions necessary to become compliant or certified to the standard. The concepts and ideas presented here had been applied in a case study involving the Cetrel S/A - Company of Environmental Protection. For this company, responsible for treatment of industrial residues generated by the Camacari Petrochemical Complex and adjacent areas, to assure confidentiality and integrity of customers' data is a basic requirement.
Progress of Membrane Engineering for Water Treatment

Together with the supply of energy and the environmental protection, fresh water is one of the three keys elements for the sustainable development of every society. Where the availability of water cannot be carried out by using conventional sources, unavoidable appears the resort of the major water source: the sea. Today, RO is one the most used membrane processes for the production of fresh water from seawater and brackish water, reclamation of wastewater and the treatment of various industrial wastewaters. Further improvements can be achieved via the integration of reverse osmosis with other membrane operations, such as membrane distillation and membrane crystallization. The integrated system can lead to important benefits in terms of product quality, compactness of the system, environmental impact and energy consumption. In this work, first a brief introduction to RO process and recent developments will be given. Then, the status and development of membrane distillation and membrane crystallization will be illustrated. Finally, membrane condenser (i.e., another innovative membrane process for water recovery and reuse based on the use of porous hydrophobic membranes) will be described.
Is positive correlation between cloud droplet effective radius and aerosol optical depth over land due to retrieval artifacts or real physical processes?

Abstract. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) C6 L3, Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Edition-4 L3 products, and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA-Interim reanalysis data are employed to systematically study aerosol–cloud correlations over three anthropogenic aerosol regions and their adjacent oceans, as well as explore the effect of retrieval artifacts and underlying physical mechanisms. This study is confined to warm phase and single-layer clouds without precipitation during the summertime (June, July, and August). Our analysis suggests that cloud effective radius (CER) is positively correlated with aerosol optical depth (AOD) over land (positive slopes), but negatively correlated with aerosol index (AI) over oceans (negative slopes) even with small ranges of liquid water path (quasi-constant). The changes in albedo at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) corresponding to aerosol-induced changes in CER also lend credence to the authenticity of this opposite aerosol–cloud correlation between land and ocean. It is noted that potential artifacts, such as the retrieval biases of both cloud (partially cloudy and 3-D-shaped clouds) and aerosol, can result in a serious overestimation of the slope of CER–AOD/AI. Our results show that collision–coalescence seems not to be the dominant cause for positive slope over land, but the increased CER caused by increased aerosol might further increase CER by initializing collision–coalescence, generating a positive feedback. By stratifying data according to the lower tropospheric stability and relative humidity near cloud top, it is found that the positive correlations more likely occur in the case of drier cloud top and stronger turbulence in clouds, while negative correlations occur in the case of moister cloud top and weaker turbulence in clouds, which implies entrainment mixing might be a possible physical interpretation for such a positive CER–AOD slope.
Salt Tolerance in Mungbean is Influenced by Application of Phosphorus in Sand culture.

Salinity stress is major abiotic stress which limits growth and productivity of plants in many areas of the world. Nutrient imbalance on the other hand, is one of the major abiotic constraints limiting productivity of pulses. Mungbean is ecologically important legume crop and its susceptibility towards salinity stress has limited the production. Fertilization management is an important technique to alleviate the adverse effects of salinity stress on plants. The present study was carried out to assess various effects of phosphorus application on salt tolerance and to determine effect of phosphorus on morphological and biochemical parameters of mungbean under induced salt stress. Mungbean genotypes were sown in plastic pots filled with sand and grown with recommended packages of practices. It was found that phosphorus (2mM) alleviated salt stress (50mM) as morphological and biochemical parameters showed increased responses when phosphorus was applied along with salt stress. Thus, it can be concluded that phosphorus mitigates the effects of induced salt stress responses in mungbean.
Introduction to crystallographic refinement of macromolecular atomic models

ABSTRACT Refinement of atomic models is a necessary step in solving the macromolecular structure by X-ray diffraction methods. Nowadays, high automation and well-developed interfaces give a possibility to use the most popular refinement programs as black boxes. Nevertheless, working with complex objects requires an understanding of the internal structure and principles of operation of these programs and critical assessment of the results of refinement. In this review, we discuss the basic principles of the organization of refinement programs and the history of their improvement and development, as the studied objects became more and more complicated. The discussions are kept at the level of basic mathematic knowledge avoiding unnecessary formalism and too detailed expressions.