Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Word Representations for Emergent Communication and Natural Language Processing

The task of listing all semantic properties of a single word might seem manageable at first but as you unravel all the context dependent subtle variations in meaning that a word can encompass, you soon realize that precise mathematical definition of a word’s semantics is extremely difficult. In analogy, humans have no problem identifying their favorite pet in an image but the task of precisely defining how, is still beyond our capabilities. A solution that has proved effective in the visual domain is to solve the problem by learning abstract representations using machine learning. Inspired by the success of learned representations in computer vision, the line of work presented in this thesis will explore learned word representations in three different contexts. Starting in the domain of artificial languages, three computational frameworks for emergent communication between collaborating agents are developed in an attempt to study word representations that exhibit grounding of concepts. The first two are designed to emulate the natural development of discrete color words using deep reinforcement learning, and used to simulate the emergence of color terms that partition the continuous color spectra of visual light. The properties of the emerged color communication schema is compared to human languages to ensure its validity as a cognitive model, and subsequently the frameworks are utilized to explore central questions in cognitive science about universals in language within the semantic domain of color. Moving beyond the color domain, a third framework is developed for the less controlled environment of human faces and multi-step communication. Subsequently, as for the color domain we carefully analyze the semantic properties of the words emerged between the agents but in this case focusing on the grounding. Turning the attention to the empirical usefulness, different types of learned word representations are evaluated in the context of automatic document summarisation, word sense disambiguation, and word sense induction with results that show great potential for learned word representations in natural language processing by reaching state-of-the-art performance in all applications and outperforming previous methods in two out of three applications. Finally, although learned word representations seem to improve the performance of real world systems, they do also lack in interpretability when compared to classical hand-engineered representations. Acknowledging this, an effort is made towards construct- ing learned representations that regain some of that interpretability by designing and evaluating disentangled representations, which could be used to represent words in a more interpretable way in the future.
Meeting the analog world challenge. Nyquist-rate analog-to-digital converter architectures

To bring digital processing and its benefits to bear on real-world applications, the analog signal of interest must be translated into a format a digital computer can utilize. This is the function of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC). After processing by a digital computer or digital signal processor (DSP), the resulting digital stream of information must be returned to its analog form by a digital-to-analog converter (DAC). The methods by which a digital code is generated within the ADC are diverse. We introduce three popular Nyquist-rate ADC architectures used today: the counter ramp ADC, the successive approximation ADC and the flash ADC.
Machine Learning for Gesture Recognition with Electromyography

About 70 million deaf people use sign language as their first language or mother tongue, but the lack of a common language between the deaf and hearing individuals makes the general communication difficult. This thesis aims to explore the potential of utilizing electromyography to improve the general communication for deaf people. The Myo armband, developed by Thalmic Labs, is a wearable gesture and motion control device that use a set of electromyographic sensors, combined with a gyroscope, accelerometer and magnetometer, to detect movements and gestures. This thesis presents a development of a prototype-level system that utilize the Myo armband’s electromyographic sensors to detect and translate sign language signs to something intelligible for the hearing individuals. Based on the previous work and the associated framework developed for gesture recognition using the Inertial Measurement Units (IMU) and Electromyography (EMG) sensors from the Myo armband, this thesis focuses on the EMG feature extraction and using machine learning for gestures classification. This thesis propose a framework for gesture recognition, which achieved an accuracy of 85 % for 10 different gestures.
Mathematical Methods for Physicists: A Comprehensive Guide

Now in its 7th edition, "Mathematical Methods for Physicists" continues to provide all the mathematical methods that aspiring scientists and engineers are likely to encounter as students and beginning researchers. This bestselling text provides mathematical relations and their proofs essential to the study of physics and related fields. While retaining the key features of the 6th edition, the new edition provides a more careful balance of explanation, theory, and examples. Taking a problem-solving-skills approach to incorporating theorems with applications, the book's improved focus will help students succeed throughout their academic careers and well into their professions. Some notable enhancements include more refined and focused content in important topics, improved organization, updated notations, extensive explanations and intuitive exercise sets, a wider range of problem solutions, improvement in the placement, and a wider range of difficulty of exercises. This book is the revised and updated version of the leading text in mathematical physics. It focuses on problem-solving skills and active learning, offering numerous chapter problems. It includes clearly identified definitions, theorems, and proofs promote clarity and understanding. New to this edition: improved modular chapters; new up-to-date examples; and, more intuitive explanations.
L-valine as an anti-inflammatory agent

1. L-valine, an amino acid, was found to have marked anti-inflammatory and moderate analgesic activity The drug was orally effective in inhibiting various experimentally induced inflammatory reactions and did not show any gastric irritation in anti-inflammatory doses, 2. It was observed that the anti-inflammatory effect of L-valine was not due to a counter irritant action.
Numerical Algorithms of Quadratic Programming for Model Predictive Control

This dissertation thesis deals with the development of algorithms for the effective solution of quadratic programming problems for the embedded application of Model Predictive Control (MPC). MPC is a modern multivariable control method which involves solution of quadratic programming problem at each sample instant. The presented algorithms combine the active set strategy with the proportioning test to decide when to leave the actual active set. For the minimization in the face, we use the Newton directions implemented by the Cholesky factors updates. The performance of the algorithms is illustrated by numerical experiments and the results are compared with the state-of-the-art solvers on benchmarks from MPC. The main contributions of this thesis are three new quadratic programming solvers together with their proof of convergence and properties analysis. Furthermore, the algorithm’s implementation is described in detail showing how to exploit the structure of the face problem and resulting Newton direction to reduce the computational complexity of each iteration.
Laparoskopisk fundoplikasjon for gastroøsofageal reflukssykdom

BACKGROUND: In 1995 we introduced laparoscopic technique as routine for fundoplication for gastro-esophageal reflux disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 222 patients were scheduled for laparoscopic fundoplication; the operation was completed laparoscopically in 219 patients. They all had an observation period of one year as a minimum; 205 patients returned a follow-up questionnaire. RESULTS: 12 patients had major complications, six of them have been reoperated. At follow-up, 95% reported excellent or good results, 3% had persisting reflux symptoms, 4% had moderate to severe dysphagia and 17% had moderate to severe gas bloat syndrome and flatulence problems which adversely affected an otherwise good outcome. Thus, 63% reported excellent, 23% good and 7% fair outcome, and 6% were moderately or very dissatisfied. Bloating and increased flatulence were the major reasons for dissatisfaction. INTERPRETATION: The risk of troublesome postoperative bloating and flatulence should be addressed thoroughly during the preoperative information, and especially in patients who have similar symptoms preoperatively.
Endovascular therapy versus intravenous thrombolysis in cervical artery dissection ischemic stroke – Results from the SWISS registry

Introduction In patients with stroke attributable to cervical artery dissection, we compared endovascular therapy to intravenous thrombolysis regarding three-month outcome, recanalisation and complications. Materials and methods In a multicentre intravenous thrombolysis/endovascular therapy-register-based cohort study, all consecutive cervical artery dissection patients with intracranial artery occlusion treated within 6 h were eligible for analysis. Endovascular therapy patients (with or without prior intravenous thrombolysis) were compared to intravenous thrombolysis patients regarding (i) excellent three-month outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 0–1), (ii) symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage, (iii) recanalisation of the occluded intracranial artery and (iv) death. Upon a systematic literature review, we performed a meta-analysis comparing endovascular therapy to intravenous thrombolysis in cervical artery dissection patients regarding three-month outcome using a random-effects Mantel–Haenszel model. Results Among 62 cervical artery dissection patients (median age 48.8 years), 24 received intravenous thrombolysis and 38 received endovascular therapy. Excellent three-month outcome occurred in 23.7% endovascular therapy and 20.8% with intravenous thrombolysis patients. Symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage occurred solely among endovascular therapy patients (5/38 patients, 13.2%) while four (80%) of these patients had bridging therapy; 6/38 endovascular therapy and 0/24 intravenous thrombolysis patients died. Four of these 6 endovascular therapy patients had bridging therapy. Recanalisation was achieved in 84.2% endovascular therapy patients and 66.7% intravenous thrombolysis patients (odds ratio 3.2, 95% confidence interval [0.9–11.38]). Sensitivity analyses in a subgroup treated within 4.5 h revealed a higher recanalisation rate among endovascular therapy patients (odds ratio 3.87, 95% confidence interval [1.00–14.95]), but no change in the key clinical findings. In a meta-analysis across eight studies (n = 212 patients), cervical artery dissection patients (110 intravenous thrombolysis and 102 endovascular therapy) showed identical odds for favourable outcome (odds ratio 0.97, 95% confidence interval [0.38–2.44]) among endovascular therapy patients and intravenous thrombolysis patients. Discussion and Conclusion In this cohort study, there was no clear signal of superiority of endovascular therapy over intravenous thrombolysis in cervical artery dissection patients, which – given the limitation of our sample size – does not prove that endovascular therapy in these patients cannot be superior in future studies. The observation that symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage and deaths in the endovascular therapy group occurred predominantly in bridging patients requires further investigation.
An automated algorithm for small signal analysis of DC-DC power converters

Based on a generalized state-space sampled data modeling, an iterative and efficient algorithm for deriving the small signal transfer functions of any DC-DC power converter is proposed. This algorithm is suitable to be implemented in a software program as an analytical tool for automated control analysis of general DC-DC power converters. Such a tool would reduce considerably the time needed by research engineers in modeling existing and new topologies and control methods. The algorithm proposed is applicable to different kinds of linear and nonlinear control methods. It has been verified on different power converters and control methods.
Balık Yağ Asitlerinin İnsan Sağlığı İçin Önemi.

The importance of fish fatty acids on human health. In this review, it was reviewed the benefit of fish consumption in nutrition regime on human health. While the nutrition is described as a process in which the livings takes and uses the necessary diets from outside in order to grow, develop and continue their life, the healthy nutrition is described as taking adequate and well- balanced diets. Insufficient and unbalanced diets appearing in Third World countries and faced health problems because of American style unbalanced diets attained the unminimized dimension. In recent years, the importance of adequate and well- balanced diets understood and nutritional habits started to be changing. For this reason, recent articles relating to saturated and unsaturated especially poly unsaturated fatty acids which have an impact on human health were able to be reviewed and comprehensively written.
Influence of Social Engagement and Dining Location on Nutritional Intake and Body Mass Index of Old Nursing Home Residents

Abstract The influence of social engagement and dining location on nutritional intake and body mass index was evaluated for 40 nursing home residents aged 80-85 years. Four-days' dietary records were used to assess the intake of energy and micronutrients. A higher prevalence of underweight (BMI < 20) was found among residents with low level of social engagement (67% vs. 11%, p < 0.05) or dining in their own room (62% vs. 19%, p < 0.05) compared to the others. No differences in prevalence of insufficient intakes of energy and micronutrients were observed between groups. In general the intake of energy and micronutrients was low. Hence, more attention should be given to what is served and consumed by nursing home residents rather than to where they eat or their level of social engagement.
Parental coping in raising children who have spina bifida cystica.

: In this study of 40 married couples who are rising a child with spina bifida cystica, the family stress theory was used to assess family regenerative power and vulnerability to stress. The reserach tested for differences between high and low stress families in the family environment, coping strategies, and severity of the child's problem. When compared with the high stress families, the low stress families appeared to be more cohesive, be better organised, have a more active recreation orientation, be lower in family conflict, utilise more family community relationships, and have children who have less severe physical problems. The practical implications of this study include the potentiality for applied usage of family diagnostic tests, the clinical and research application of the findings on family coping strategies for improved patient outcomes, and the need for additional social-medical research to assess accurately family concerns about health care policies.
In-Rank mesh optimization for URL customized promotion in SEO

Web site internal mesh optimization is at the very heart of search engine optimization. One prominent way to get the best web search engine visibility for your site is to build the adequate internal linking to promote your naturally popular pages. The definition of popular might be the transformation rate for e-commerce, the traffic from logs for a common site or even rather a specific semantic where you want to be visible. We here propose an algorithm to automatically compute the optimal internal mesh for your web site. The idea behind being simple : the higher you value your URL, the more in rank you want to give it. We tackle the challenges met both at a theory and software implementation level. We'll more specifically deal with big data issues for an e-commerce web site.
Le jeu de scène: traductions et traducteurs à travers les cultures et les genres littéraires

This article aims at revealing a series of collective and individual represen-tations of translation and of the translating subject present in the work of fiction. The authors chosen for this analysis belong to a multicultural space and are therefore inclined to reflect upon translation. Every author will opt for a specific genre. However , are there any recurrent representations of translation and of the translating subject from one genre to the other, across the cultures and across the different writing styles? In order to analyse the transfer of representations between these genres, but also between translation theory and fiction, we have selected the following texts: Carlos Batista ’s Bréviaire d’un traducteur (2003), Ólafur Jóhann Ólafsson ’s Absolution (1994), Dezsó Kosztolányi’s Le Traducteur cleptomane (1985), José Carlos Somoza’s La caverne des idées (2002), Michel Orcel’s Les larmes du tra-ducteur (2001) and John Crowley ’s The Translator (2002).
POS Tagger Tweet Bahasa Indonesia

Pada penelitian ini dilakukan investigasi POS Tagger dengan pendekatan Cyclic Dependency Network untuk data tweet dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Untuk koleksi tweet, digunakan tiga koleksi data, yakni tweet dengan gaya bahasa formal, informal dan gabungan. Sumber koleksi tweet formal adalah tweet dari akun berita, sedangkan koleksi tweet informal didapatkan dari akun umum. Adapun jenis tag yang digunakan berjumlah 41, dimana 35 adalah standar tag Bahasa Indonesia dan 6 adalah tambahan tag untuk twitter. Hasilnya adalah untuk koleksi data formal ketepatan deteksi mencapai 95,42%. Sedangkan untuk koleksi data informal dan gabungan ketepatannya mencapai 92,42% dan 90,69% secara berurutan. Kami juga mendapatkan hasil bahwa untuk tag yang sering muncul cenderung untuk memiliki nilai ketepatan yang tinggi juga, sedangkan tag yang kemunculannya lebih sedikit menyebabkan penurunan rata-rata ketepat secara keseluruhan.
Role of vitamin C in collagen biosynthesis and connective tissue health

As the interrelationship between connective tissue and other components of the body becomes apparent, one realizes that changes in connective tissue can greatly affect the health and integrity of the rest of the body. Unknowingly, however, clinicians may overlook the biochemical nature of connective tissue. In doing so, they may leave behind a valuable tool of treatment, nutrition. In essence, connective tissue is a chemical entity and any changes in its structure also involve changes in its chemical properties. For these reasons, it is useful for clinicians to have an understanding of the biochemical nature of connective tissue. Having such an understanding can be helpful in the treatment and prevention of related health disorders. This article will focus on a specific aspect of the biochemistry of connective tissue, i.e. the significancy of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in collagen biosynthesis. The importance of nutrition in bodywork and movement therapies is reflected here.
A behavioral compiler for intelligent silicon compilation

This dissertation describes behavioral compilation tools for use in an intelligent silicon compiler. These tools allow the user or an expert system to compile behavioral high level language descriptions to a register transfer level under user imposed constraints. This system's flexible design model offers a combination of design features previously unavailable in behavioral compilers such as multicycle, chained, and pipelined function units along with the ability to choose between bus and mux style connectivity models. Furthermore, a new design strategy is presented that allows easy exploratory design and algorithms are described for state synthesis and connectivity binding that achieved higher quality designs than previous systems on selected benchmarks. The code for this project is run under 4.3 BSD Unix on a VAX 11/780 and is written in C.
Flow Graph Extraction for Modular Verification of Java Programs

The starting point for the project is a framework for compositional program verification based on program flow graphs, an abstraction of program control flow giving rise to an over-approximation of the source code behavior. Flow graph extraction for modular verification should allow the independent extraction of flow graphs of subsystems or modules. Furthermore the composition of the flow graphs of the modules should give a safe approximation of the complete program flow graph. The existing tools for flow graph extraction are not flexible enough for modular purposes, since they typically assume that they are given a complete program. The goal of this study is the formal definition and implementation of modular flow graph extraction. In this project a formal translation from Java programs to target flow graph is specified. Then based on an operational semantics for the source language and for flow graphs, the correctness of the translation is proved. Flow graph extraction has to respect the modularity of programs, which is the main contribution of the work. Finally, a tool is developed based on specification of the translation. Acknowledgments I am indebted to my supervisor Dr. Dilian Gurov who always guided me in all my path. I am also grateful to Dr. Marieke Huisman who provided me a chance to have a visit in FMT group at University of Twente. I should thank to Prof. Arend Rensik who advised us in Groove training period and Eduardo Zambon for training me Groove during my visit at FMT group and kindly answering all my questions. I thank to Siavash Soleimanifard who evaluated the tool in his real experiments and was patient on errors, and to Pedro de Carvalho Gomes for his helpful comments about my report, and Laurent Hubert who always kindly answered my questions about Sawja. Finally I would like to dedicate my heartfelt appreciation to my beloved wife, Elham, who was always with me in all occasions with her supports, my parents, Reza and Simin, my sisters, Noushin and Farin who always supported and encouraged me.
Uma introdução ao XML, sua utilização na Internet e alguns conceitos complementares

O HTML – Hypertext Markup Language – e uma linguagem de marcacao*, inicialmente concebida como uma solucao para a publicacao de documentos cientificos em meios eletronicos, que ganhou popularidade e se tornou padrao para a Internet. Diversos tipos de aplicacoes, como navegadores, editores, programas de e-mail, bancos de dados etc., tornam possivel atualmente o uso intensivo do HTML. Ao longo dos anos, recursos tem sido adicionados ao HTML para que ele possa atender as expectativas de usuarios e sistemas computadorizados, aumentando sua complexidade. Estima-se que a versao 4.0 do HTML possua aproximadamente cem diferentes marcacoes fixas (conhecidas como tags), sem contar aquelas especificas para cada tipo de navegador da Internet. E comum se encontrarem paginas HTML que possuem mais marcacoes do que conteudo. Uma possivel solucao para novas demandas nessa area e a utilizacao do Extended Markup Language (XML), uma linguagem de marcacao que pode introduzir novas possibilidades e trazer melhor integracao entre dados e usuarios. Este artigo se propoe a abordar, de forma introdutoria, o XML, sua utilizacao na Internet, alguns conceitos complementares necessarios ao entendimento do assunto em apresentar vantagens no uso do XML, em relacao ao HTML. Alem disso, pretende apresentar o assunto como um campo fertil para discussoes, proposicoes e estudo por profissionais da ciencia da informacao.