Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efeito da temperatura sobre a germinação de sementes de cebola

Human activities, combined with natural factors are causing changes in climate, as the average temperature increase on the planet. Among the many factors that can affect the germination of vegetable, the temperature is considered one of the most important. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the germination of three varieties of onion ( Allium cepa L.) under different temperatures. Onion seeds cultivar: IPA 10, 11 and IPA Alpha San Francisco kept in incubators BOD under five temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 oC) and twelve hours photoperiod. The characters studied were germination (G), speed of germination (VG) germination speed index (IVG) and mean germination time (MGT). The experimental design was completely randomized with three cultivars and five temperatures in 3x5 factorial arrangement with four replications of 25 seeds. The temperatures affected the G, VG, TMG and IVG for the three cultivars. The optimum temperature for germination of onion ranged from 15 to 22 oC according to the cultivar. Temperatures above 30 oC were unfavorable for germination of onion cultivars.
Las micorrizas: una relación planta-hongo que dura más de 400 millones de años

espanolSe define el concepto de micorriza en un sentido amplio, como una simbiosis no necesariamente mutualistica, para incluir las relaciones troficas de hongos micorricicos con plantas "inferiores" y plantas aclorofilicas. Se realiza una revision bibliografica sobre el origen y diversificacion de las micorrizas. Se evidencia el caracter pionero de la micorriza arbuscular formada por los Glomeromycota y se resalta su importancia en el proceso de "terrestrializacion". Se comenta la formacion cronologica de los restantes tipos de micorrizas. Se denota la evolucion independiente y recurrente de las ectomicorrizas, formadas por Basidiomycota y Ascomycota inicialmente saprofitos, que sugiere una versatilidad en las estrategias nutricionales de estos hongos, como respuesta adaptativa a los cambios ambientales. Similares respuestas debieron ser la causa del origen de las singulares micorrizas ericoides, arbutoides y heliantemoides. Se expone la particular relacion trofica entre plantas aclorofilicas como Monotropa o de orquideas en sus fases hetrotroficas con sus hongos simbiontes. Finalmente, se comenta la reciente evolucion de sistemas radicales micotroficamente independientes. EnglishThe concept of mycorrhiza is considered in a wide sense, as a not necessarily mutualistic symbiosis, covering the trophic relations of mycorrhizal fungi with �inferior� and achlorophyllics plants. A bibliographical review of the origin and diversification of mycorrhizae is made. The pioneering characteristics of the arbuscular mycorrhiza formed by Glomeromycota are discussed, emphasizing its importance during the terrestrialization processes. The chronological appearance of the other types of mycorrhizas is discussed. The independent and recurrent evolution of the ectomycorrhizas formed by Basidiomycota and Ascomycota is discussed; their saprobiont or parasite origin points to the versatile nutritional strategy of these fungi, in adaptative response to environmental changes, as does the origin of the singular ericoid, arbutoid and helianthemoid mycorrhizas. The particular trophic relation between achlorophyllic plants, such as Monotropa and orchids, in their heterotrophic phases, with their "mycorrhizal" fungi is also described. Finally, the recent evolution of the non mycotrophic root systems is commented on.
Ectomycorrhizal fungi - Molecular tools to study species and functional diversity

The extramatrical mycelium of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi represents a significant component of the ectomycorrhizal (EM) symbiosis, as the mycelium is primarily involved in the uptake of water and nutrients from the soil. The extramatrical mycelium may also actively mobilize nutrients from organic and mineral sources through excretion of enzymes and organic acids respectively. An observation of tunnel-like structures in weatherable mineral grains gave rise to the hypothesis that these were formed by the hyphae of EM fungal species. Tunneled minerals have been found in the weathered E horizon of podzols, a typical soil type for boreal forests. In these forests the EM fungal community is highly species-rich and this thesis describes the vertical distribution of fungal species throughout the podzol profile, with special emphasis on the weathered E horizon. Identification of EM fungal species from podzol horizons through morphological and molecular identification of EM root tips revealed a significant relationship between the EM fungal species composition and soil horizons. The vertical distribution of the EM extramatrical mycelium in podzol horizons was studied with molecular identification techniques based on total soil DNA extracts and a cloning method. The root tip study as well as the mycelial study showed that many EM fungal species exist in the mineral soil that do not occur in the organic layer of a podzol. A high correspondence was furthermore found between the basidiomycete diversity detected by the molecular analysis of root tips and of hyphae. This thesis further describes the use of molecular techniques for the quantification of EM fungal species in soil. By comparing molecular techniques with conventional quantification techniques, it was shown that molecular methods provide tools to determine the biomass of individual fungal species in soil. The molecular methods enabled identification and relative quantification of two EM fungal species separately in a more-species environment and showed consistent results. In conclusion, this thesis demonstrates that molecular techniques facilitate identification and relative quantification of individual soil fungi and in addition highlights the pitfalls of the molecular methodology. As differences in amount and organization of the extramatrical mycelium produced by different EM fungal species may reflect the different ecological roles that the fungi may have, the detection of hyphae initiates possibilities for in situ studies on substrate specificity, niche partitioning and succession of EM fungal species below ground.
Life cycle of a small endemic goby Economidichthys pygmaeus (Family: Gobiidae) in Lake Pamvotis, northwestern Greece

Summary The life history tactics of the small endemic freshwater goby Economidichhtys pygmaeus were examined in a Mediterranean shallow lake located in the northwestern part of Greece (Lake Pamvotis). The purpose of the study was to define the population structure, growth, length at sexual maturity, sex ratio, annual cycle of gonad development, spawning characteristics and fecundity. Fish samples were collected using a hand net from October 2006 to September 2007. The fish grew rapidly in summer after hatching, matured after their first winter, and bred from February to June. The length frequency distribution indicated the appearance of two cohorts per year. Juveniles occurred in samples from April to September. Maturity length (ML50) of males and females were estimated to be 23.54 and 23.28 mm TL, respectively. Sexual dimorphism related to the male caudal fin was observed and males grew to greater lengths than females. The overall ratio of males to females was 1:1.35. Spawning was from February to June. Ripe females appeared to be multiple spawners, with oocytes at different stages of development. Size of oocytes changed during maturation and increased in diameter from about 0.125 to more than 0.9 mm. Absolute fecundity was positively related to TL and TW and varied between 59 and 309 eggs. After reproduction, the number of parental individuals decreased.
Plant-pollinator interactions: from specialization to generalization.

Just as flowering plants depend on their pollinators, many birds, insects, and bats rely on plants for energy and nutrients. This plant-pollinator relationship is essential to the survival of natural and agricultural ecosystems. "Plant-Pollinator Interactions" portrays the intimate relationships of pollination over time and space and reveals patterns of interactions from individual to community levels, showing how these patterns change at different spatial and temporal scales. Nickolas M. Waser and Jeff Ollerton bring together experts from around the world to offer a comprehensive analysis of pollination, including the history of thinking about specialization and generalization and a comparison of pollination to other mutualisms. An overview of current thinking and of future research priorities, "Plant-Pollinator Interactions" covers an important theme in evolutionary ecology with far-reaching applications in conservation and agriculture. This book will find an eager audience in specialists studying pollination and other mutualisms, as well as with biologists who are interested in ecological, evolutionary, and behavioral aspects of the specialization and generalization of species.
Cytotaxonomic and evolutionary studies in "Thymus" ("Labiatae"): relationships of the members of section "Thymus" Jalas

With the object of establishing the interspecific relationships between Thymus vulgaris, Th. aestiws, Th. zigis and Th. hyemalis, all belonging to the section Thymus Jalas, a comparative study of morphological and geographical characteristics, flowering seasons and karyology of these taxa has been undertaken along with various interspecific crosses which allow us to observe the behaviour of the hybrids. The results of this study have lead us to propose a hypothesis concerning the origin of the said taxa as well as to reach conclussions concerning the establishement of the taxonomic units which correspond to each one of them. The arguments upon which we base our hypothesis are discussed in the present work.
ANALYSIS OF MICRORNA‐22 ON CARDIAC HYPERTROPHY INDUCED BY HIGH FAT DIET

High fat (HF) diet induces cardiac hypertrophy and compromises myocardial function, which may lead to heart failure. Recent studies have showed that overexpression of miRNA‐22 is involved in some cardiovascular alterations such as cardiac hypertrophy. However, it is not clear whether the cardiac miRNA‐22 levels are regulated in cardiac remodeling induced by HF diet.
Current protocols in human genetics

Much of the experience accumulated from using the positional cloning approach for identifying new disease genes has been brought together in this single volume. This book is a well-organized and comprehensive collection of more than 150 protocols. Although comprehensive, this volume is not complete. The book was designed to be a companion book to the popular `Current Protocols of Molecular Biology`; thus many of the basic techniques are referred to rather than explained. Overall, this book is an excellent research and teaching tool. Genome researchers will find this volume worth its weight.
Molecular genetics of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and Gerstmann- Sträussler- Scheinker disease

Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) and Gerstmann–Straussler–Scheinker disease (GSS) are distinct clinicopathological phenotypes of human prion diseases or transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). TSEs arise either spontaneously (sporadic disease forms such as sporadic CJD/sCJD or sporadic fatal insomnia/sFI), by genetic aberration (genetic CJD/gCJD, GSS, fatal familial insomnia/FFI) or acquired by contact with infectious prions from bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), causing variant CJD (vCJD), or – more or less historically – as iatrogenic CJD (iCJD) from invasive medical procedures such as dural or corneal transplantations, cadaveric pituitary hormone preparations or surgical instruments, or from blood and blood products with vCJD prions. Genetic forms constitute about 10–15% of human prion diseases and result from more than 30 mutations, insertions or rarely deletions in the prion protein (PrP) gene, PRNP. A polymorphism at PRNP codon 129 is an important susceptibility factor and relevant for phenotypic heterogeneity. Other genes have not convincingly been shown to be involved. Key Concepts: Prion diseases are invariably lethal and transmissible neurological disorders that affect humans and animals. In humans, they occur sporadically and can also be acquired or inherited. The infectious agent is considered to be solely an abnormal conformer of the host-encoded prion protein (PrP). Genetic disease forms constitute about 10–15%, result from aberrations in the PrP gene, PRNP, and are inherited as autosomal dominant trait with variable penetrance. There is a broad clinical and neuropathological phenotypic spectrum, which is modulated by molecular factors including PRNP polymorphisms and PrP strains. Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) and Gerstmann–Straussler–Scheinker disease (GSS) are distinct clinicopathological phenotypes. CJD occurs mostly sporadically (sCJD), more rarely by genetic aberration (gCJD), whereas GSS is always of genetic origin. There is no effective treatment yet.
Effects of cover crops and fallowing on populations of Belonolaimus longicaudatus and Meloidogyne incognita and subsequent crop yields

High populations of the sting nematode, Belonolaimus longicaudatus, developed on summer cover crops of a sorghum-sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor x S. sudanense), sesbania (Sesbania exaltata), and weeds. Moderate populations occurred on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), but populations were low after hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) and fallowing. A root-knot nematode. Meloidogyne incognita, did not develop to high populations on any of the crops but was more numerous on vegetable crops following sesbania and cowpea. Yields of the first crops (snap beans and cabbage) following the cover crops that had built up populations of B. longicaudatus were greatly increased following in-row applications of 2.24 kg/ha of fenamiphos. Only moderate increases in yield occurred for treatment with fenamiphos following soil fallow and cover crops that did not build up this nematode. Yields of the second crop of vegetables (cucumbers) following the summer cover crops and fallowing were improved and popul
Social tagging, guppy effect, and the role of interference: A quantum-inspired model for tags combination

Social tagging systems are shown to evidence a well known cognitive heuristic, the guppy effect, which arises from the combination of different concepts. We present some empirical evidence of this effect, drawn from a popular social tagging Web service. The guppy effect is then described using a quantum inspired formalism that has been already successfully applied to model conjunction fallacy and probability judgement errors. Key to the formalism is the concept of interference, which is able to capture and quantify the strength of the guppy effect.
The Collection of Pollen by Bumble Bees, and its Transport in the Corbiculae and the Proboscidial Fossa

SUMMARYBees of four species were collected throughout one summer on several homogeneous crops and on areas of mixed forage. Analysis of pollen from the proboscidial fossa showed that corbicular pollens alone do not give a reliable indication of the constancy of bees. The number of pollen species found in the corbiculae depended on the type of foraging area; this number varied between some Bombus species; possible reasons for this are discussed.Evidence is given that pollen-gathering bees may collect only nectar from some flowers during one trip, and that bees may be less constant between than within trips. Some nectar gatherers carried pollen in their fossae, and may therefore be of some importance in pollination.
Rôle du VEGF dans la régulation de la synapse glutamatergique

Le vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) un facteur de croissance essentiel du systeme vasculaire exerce des fonctions multiples sur les cellules nerveuses en favorisant la neurogenese, la plasticite synaptique ou encore l'apprentissage et la memoire. Cependant, les mecanismes impliques dans son action regulatrice de la transmission et la plasticite synaptiques restent a elucider. Nous avons recemment mis en evidence une nouvelle interaction entre VEGFR2, le recepteur principal du VEGF, et les recepteurs NMDA (NMDAR) au cours de la migration des neurones pendant le developpement du cervelet. Comme les NMDAR sont des acteurs cles de la transmission et de la plasticite synaptique, nous avons explore le role du VEGF dans la regulation de l'expression et de la fonction des NMDAR synaptiques dans l'hippocampe. Nos resultats revelent que le VEGF et son recepteur sont exprimes dans les regions CA1 et CA3 de l'hippocampe et le domaine extracellulaire de VEGFR2 peut se lier a la sous-unite GluN2B des NMDAR. Le VEGF est capable d'augmenter la transmission synaptique dependant des NMDAR en regulant l'adressage synaptique des recepteurs exprimant la sous-unite GluN2B. Il se produit egalement une augmentation du nombre de synapses en presence du VEGF. Ces effets du VEGF requierent la co-activation des recepteurs VEGFR2 et NMDAR et conduisent a un enrichissement synaptique en recepteurs glutamatergiques de type AMPA qui depend de l'activation de la CaMKII. Nos travaux demontrent pour la premiere fois un role direct de la signalisation VEGF/VEGFR2 dans la fonction de la synapse excitatrice glutamatergique
A Therapeutic Panorama of the Spongiform Encephalopathies

The spongiform encephalopathies are a group of uniformly fatal, transmissible amyloidoses of humans and animals, for which the causative agents have not yet been precisely defined; in some respects they resemble viruses, but in other respects appear to be replicating host polypeptides. A vast array of anti-infective and other drugs has been studied in animal models, among which a few membrane-active compounds (heteropolyanions and amphotericin B) consistently prolong the course of infection, and occasionally even prevent the illness. However, because no form of therapy has any effect when given after the disease becomes clinically manifest, and because there is no laboratory test to detect preclinical infection, therapeutic efforts in humans have been predictably unsuccessful. If infection and disease turn out to depend upon the pathological accumulation of an amyloidogenic host protein, the prospects for future therapy may include genetic engineering and perhaps even the ‘poisoning’ of protein crystal growth.
Os Benefícios Do Consumo De Biomassa De Banana Verde Em Pacientes Com Pré-Diabetes E Diabetes

xxii 1. INTRODUÇÃO. 1 1.1 Dados epidemiológicos. 1 1.2 Políticas Públicas. 3 1.3 Diagnóstico de DM e hemoglobina glicada.4 1.4 Diabetes Mellitus.4 1.5 Amido resistente.7 1.6 Biomassa de banana verde.7 1.7 Justificativa.9 2. OBJETIVOS.11 2.1 Objetivo Geral.11 2.2 Objetivos específicos. 11 3. MÉTODOS. 12 3.1 Critérios de inclusão e exclusão. 12 3.2 Desenho do estudo.12 3.2.1 Visita Médica. 13 3.2.1.1 Pressão Arterial.13 3.2.2 Visita Nutricional.14
The role of the calcineurin/NFAT signaling pathway and its regulation in muscle diseases

Abstract The role of the calcineurin/NFAT signaling pathway and its regulation in muscle diseases Manal Al Zein, PhD Concordia University, 2013 Elevations in intracellular calcium activate the phosphatase Calcineurin (Cn) and its downstream target the Nuclear Factor of Activated T cells (NFAT), leading to the expression of genes involved in skeletal muscle growth and cardiac remodeling. In this thesis, we set out to investigate the role of the Cn/NFAT signaling pathway in the progression of two muscle diseases: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), which is characterized by the loss of the functional protein dystrophin, and cardiac hypertrophy. First, to understand the roles of Cn and Cn regulators in DMD, we used mdx mice crossed with mice expressing transgenes that manipulate the Cn/NFAT pathway. For instance, the expression of the transgene Parvalbumin (PV) in mdx mice leads to attenuation of Cn activity and reduction in the expression of utrophin, a protein that compensates for the loss of dystrophin. Our results show that strategies promoting Ca2+/Cn signaling are considered an effective countermeasure in the treatment of DMD and that Cn regulators might have a critical role in the progression of the disease. Secondly, the role of the NFATc2 transcription factor in Cn-dependent cardiac hypertrophy is emphasized using adult NFATc2 knockout mice in the presence and absence of biochemical stress. Here we show a cardio-protective role for NFATc2 in normotensive hearts, but not in hearts exposed to stress. Together, the results of this thesis provide a better understanding of the role of the Cn/NFAT pathway in the regulation of various muscle diseases.
Molecular diversity and immunological properties of the "Plasmodium falciparum" : merozoite surface protein 2(MSP2)

The merozoite surface protein 2 (MSP2) of Plasmodium falciparum is extremely polymorphic: 82 different msp2 alleles were found in four studies of molecular epidemiology conducted in Tanzania. This diversity renders msp2 suitable as a marker gene for genotyping of parasite infections. Amplification of msp2 by PCR, and subsequent restriction digests of the PCR product (PCR-RFLP genotyping), have proved to be an informative tool for enumerating multiple concurrent infections in a blood sample, and distinguishing individual alleles. Depending on the specific questions asked in a genotyping study, analytical techniques of different degrees of complexity are employed. The restriction fragments resulting from a single Hinf I digest generally allow the enumeration of multiple concurrent infections and the determination of their allelic family. When a restriction pattern is too complex to be resolved, owing to the high number of concurrent infections, or due to the appearance of previously undescribed alleles, one or more additional digests (Dde I, Rsa I, Scrf I) may be necessary. To unequivocally determine individual alleles, in particular in longitudinal studies, where several consecutive samples need to be compared with each other, a more detailed analysis involving all three additional digests is applied. The methodological experience and results gained in four epidemiological field studies involving msp2 genotyping are summarized. We also provide the Hinf I restriction patterns and some nucleotide sequences of the alleles found so far in our studies in Tanzania.
The Retention Effect of Training – Portability, Visibility, and Credibility

This paper analyses the effect of training participation on employees’ retention in the training company. It for the first time empirically combines the human capital and the monopsony theory by jointly controlling for the portability, visibility, and credibility of training. Based on an extensive German linked-employer-employee data set with detailed information on training history (WeLL-ADIAB), we show that training increases employees’ retention. We compare the probability to stay at the same employer between training participants and accidental training non-participants (those who could not participate in planned training on the basis of exogeneous reasons). Higher portability of general human capital contents and visibility of training induced by training certificates however reduce the retention effect of training. Retention is further reduced when training is credibly provided and certified by external institutions, the full training effect on retention is still positive, however. We are careful to control for endogeneity of training participation in retention equations, unobserved time-invariant effects, and extensive individual and employer characteristics including wage increases and general job satisfaction.