Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence for Cancer Biomarkers in Exhaled Breath

A Review: Cancer cell growth releases molecular biomarkers into blood that can be useful in diagnostic tests, e.g., serum biomarkers. The use of serum biomarkers involves an invasive sample collection procedure. Human exhaled breath is potentially a noninvasive source of cancer biomarker compounds. A few breath analysis studies have reported sensitivities > 90% and specificities > 80% using a suite of exhaled breath biomarkers to differentiate cancer subjects from controls. A significant challenge for establishing breath analysis as a feasible cancer diagnostic procedure is the lack of validated diagnostic procedure. We found over 2000 breath-related studies published since circa 1900 reporting on a wide variety of breath chemical analysis methods and diagnostic findings; only a small fraction of these studies were directly related to cancer molecular biomarkers in breath. Compared to other detectors and separation techniques, mass spectrometry and gas chromatography are most suitable techniques for breath analysis. Compounds detectable in exhaled breath, with potential diagnostic utility in cancer detection, include small gaseous molecules, volatile organic compounds, proteins, and DNA. The types of cancers previously investigated using chemical analysis of exhaled breath was breast, colon, liver, lung, ovarian, and stomach cancers. Lack of multiple studies using the same breath analysis method(s) precluded meta-analysis. Our review covers the reported methods on breath analysis and assumed exhaled biomarkers. This review makes available to other researchers a catalog of published data on breath analysis for cancer detection. We make recommendations to standardize methods for more accurate breath tests in cancer detection.
Mothers' Advice About Facilitating Breastfeeding in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Admission of newborn infants to neonatal intensive care units (NICU) has been considered an obstacle to breastfeeding because of mother-infant separation and hospital feeding routines. In order to obtain advice on facilitating breastfeeding, we interviewed by telephone 178 mothers of fullterm NICU patients three months after the infants' discharge from hospital. Mothers' advice, in order of prominence, concerned the disturbing impact of the NICU environment, lack of systematic breastfeeding advice, distance between infants' and mothers' units in the hospital, conflicts about parents' roles, perceived lack of organization of work, dissatisfaction with nurse behavior towards parents, and importance of skin-to-skin contact during the mother's first visit. Adaptation of the NICU environment, nurses' awareness of mothers' perspectives, and nurse attitudes and behavior change appear to be as important for facilitating breastfeeding as are routines for breastfeeding advice.
Cartographie du Cycle de Nedjma de Kateb Yacine : modélisation spatiale d'un récit littéraire

Inscrite dans une demarche interdisciplinaire d’Humanites numeriques, la these a pour objectif la modelisation de la spatialite d’une oeuvre litteraire par les methodes de traitement et les outils de representation geomatiques. Face au constat de la complexite et de la spatialite du Cycle de Nedjma de Kateb Yacine (1929-1989), nous proposons en effet d’utiliser des methodes de connaissances et des modes de discours non-lineaires afin d’explorer autrement l’oeuvre litteraire. L’objectif est egalement de faire apparaitre le role specifique du recit dans la construction geographique de l’oeuvre. Cette proposition resulte d’une reflexion epistemologique approfondie sur les potentialites de la modelisation spatiale en geographie et en litterature. Elle se fonde sur les hypotheses de recherche suivantes : l’espace litteraire estun espace au sens propre ; les differents types d’espaces (espace geographique, espace geometrique, espace de la figure poetique, espace de l’imagination, espace textuel, espace litteraire) peuvent etre decloisonnes ; l’etude de leurs relations informe la connaissance du recit litteraire. La methodologie mise en place consiste a realiser une base de donnees geographique afin de formaliser, de repertorier et de representer cartographiquement les donnees geographiques et narratives extraites du roman Nedjma. La serie de carte resultante met a jour la co-construction de l’espace geographique et de l’espace litteraire katebien. Par des effets d’eclatement et de rapprochement narratifs, l’espace est-algerien est en effet reconfigure, jetant les bases pour la construction d’une nation algerienne ouverte et reticulaire.
TREATMENT OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION IN PATIENTS CO-INFECTED WITH HIV

Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) affects about 5% of the world population (1). In Western Europe, Australia and the USA prevalence of chronic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is less than 1% of the population. Among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals this prevalence is approximately 10 fold higher (2). Until recently, studies on HBV infection in HIV seropositive patients have not been emphasized. The natural history of chronic HBV infection is modified by co-infection with HIV. After initial HBV infection, both development and persistence of chronic HBV infection are greater in patients with prior HIV infection (3, 4). Among chronic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers a high level of HBV replication or the presence of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) are common in HIV/HBV co-infected individuals (3, 4). These 2 conditions may be predictive of poor survival. However, studies performed prior to the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) (prior to 1997), found mild necroinflammatory liver lesions associated with low serum transaminases in deeply immunossupressed HIV/HBV co-infected patients (5-8). More recent studies, conducted in HAART era, have reported a higher incidence rate of liver related cirrhosis and mortality in HIV/HBV co-infected patients compared to HIV mono-infected persons (9, 10). Factors impacting progression to cirrhosis in HIV/HBV co-infected patients remain unknown. HAART-related immune restoration may have switched the immune reaction to HBV from a tolerance to an intolerance phase, leading in some cases to the complete control of HBV replication or in a majority of patients to an exacerbation of chronic hepatitis. HAART-related hepatotoxicity could also have contributed to worsening of liver damage. On the other hand, improvement of liver lesions may be observed in patients receiving antiretroviral regimens containing lamivudine. Finally, the effect of HIV infection on the natural history of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) could also have been modified by a longer life expectancy, which may allow greater time for cirrhosis to develop. Studies of the natural history of CHB are needed to identify which patients may have the greater benefit from anti-HBV therapy, and to assess when to treat. Therefore, due to the complex potent interactions between these two viruses, the immune system and antiretroviral therapy, the strategy and management of anti-HBV therapy in HIV-infected persons must take into consideration both virus infections.
An Approximate Backstepping Control Law for the Global Stabilisation of Symmetric VTOL Vehicles

In this paper we propose an approximate backstepping control law for the stabilisation of six degree of freedom symmetric VTOL vehicles. This control law results in closed-loop dynamics with a stable cascade structure. An additional innovation is to design feedback such that the interconnection term between resulting cascaded sub-systems is minimised. The proposed control law is proven to be globally, exponentially stable. Simulation results show aggressive stabilisation and the benefits of minimising the closed-loop interconnection term.
Dessins d’enfants et constructions plurilingues. Territoires imagés et parcours imaginés

Le fait de dessiner permet de representer, dans son double sens d’imaginer et de donner a voir, sans pour autant se livrer totalement ; le dessin permet de montrer tout en choisissant de cacher, de symboliser, de detourner ou de mettre en lumiere, avec une acuite a la fois plus evidente et plus incertaine que le discours. Il permet aussi de se projeter dans l’irreel, le virtuel, l’imaginaire, d’explorer les possibles sans crainte d’etre juge, grâce a ce clair-obscur qui maintient le flou et l’incertitude ; mais il peut etre aussi un revelateur du reel, une representation des univers de reference, plus ou moins stereotypes, une maniere de dire sa perception des relations sociales, de partager ses reussites et ses frustrations, de confier ses peurs et ses bonheurs. Le dessin est pour les enfants une activite familiere, qui fait partie de leur quotidien familial scolaire, social, mais aussi personnel, intime. A ce titre, il est un moyen privilegie pour qui mene une recherche avec des enfants : il leur permet de s’exprimer sur un mode qu’ils maitrisent au moins aussi bien (souvent mieux, meme) que leurs interlocuteurs et qui leur attribue d’emblee une voix d’autorite et un statut legitime. Ils sont, en effet, en position d’auteurs, qui se reapproprient leur dessin et vont proposer des cles pour en construire, en interaction, une interpretation. Cette situation garantit aux enfants une forme de securite, grâce a laquelle le dialogue avec les chercheurs pourra s’instaurer sur un mode collaboratif. Le dessin acquiert donc, dans nos recherches, des fonctions multiples : cle, appui, base de negociation, revelateur, garde-fou…. Ce sont toutes ces raisons qui nous ont conduit a proposer a des enfants de dessiner, pour mieux comprendre comment ils percoivent aujourd’hui la pluralite des langues et comment cette perception de la pluralite peut leur permettre d’imaginer un futur au contact de la diversite. Nous discuterons dans cette contribution, a partir de quelques exemples de dessins d’enfants et des verbalisations qui les accompagnent, la maniere dont ces dessins et ces verbalisations, co-construits en interaction, constituent une negociation conduisant a faire emerger une interpretation conjointe. Celle-ci participe de l'evolution des dynamiques representationnelles autour de la pluralite des langues, fondant ainsi un socle precieux pour la construction d'une education plurilingue et interculturelle et, dans le meme temps, d'une reflexion epistemologique inscrivant la diversite et l'imaginaire comme moteurs des recherches.
EFFECT OF URSOLIC ACID, HYPERINSULINEMIA AND VITAMIN B COMPLEX ON SOME BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND SKELETAL MUSCLE HISTOLOGY OF ALLOXAN INDUCED DIABETIC RABBITS

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ursolic acid, hyperinsulinemia and vitamin B complex in skeletal muscle, which represented by Gastrocnemius muscle after sciatic nerve crush in diabetes mellitus male rabbits, determine their effects on some biochemical parameters which include insulin, total serum protein (TSP) and skeletal muscle protein percentage and detect their effects on histological structures of the skeletal muscle represented by Gastrocnemius muscle. The results of our study showed that there is a significant increase of insulin in diabetic rabbits and this increase is continued in all treatment groups with a higher level range of (3.56-8.4 μu/ ml); the lowest significant increase is with vitamin B complex treated group. Our study illustrated that Induction of diabetes has no significant effect on skeletal muscle protein percentage but has a significant effect on total serum protein, while all treatment groups caused a significant increase in skeletal muscle protein percentage and total serum protein. Histological sections of the Gastrocnemius muscle represent some changes happened due to sciatic nerve crush injury, such as some distraction in skeletal muscle fibers, splitting and atrophy of others as well as there is an increase in thickness of fibrous tissue separating them. There is a good regeneration of muscle fibers with little splitting phenomena; also there is a clear formation of muscle cell nuclei, which indicate an improvement of muscle after different treatment.
Komposisi Dewan Perusahaan dan Kinerja Perusahaan (Studi Pada Perusahaan–Perusahaan Sub Sektor Ritel, Media dan Asuransi Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia)

This study examines the impact of board composition and ownership concentration on firm value in a country that adopts two-tier board structure system. This study is significant because it attempts to analyze the relationship between the presence of female directors on supervisory and management boards with corporate financial performance. The study uses data on 26 Indonesian companies (retail, media and insurance sectors) listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). A total of 156 observations were made for the period between 2006 and 2011. We conduct regression analysis and using Return On Assets (ROA) and Price to Book Value (PBV) as measures of firm value. Our empirical evidence reveals: (1) Size of the supervisory board is negatively related to the firm value proxied by ROA and insignificant related to the firm value proxied by PBV; (2) Size of the management board is positively related to firm value; (3) female representation on the supervisory board is negatively related to the firm value proxied by ROA and insignificant related to the firm value proxied by PBV;(4) female representation on the management board is positively related to the firm value proxied by ROA and insignificant related to the firm value proxied by PBV, and (5) ownership concentration is insignificant related to the firm value proxied by ROA but positively related to the firm value proxied by PBV. Keywords : board composition, ownership concentration, two-tier board structure, return on assets, price to book value
Geometry: seeing, doing, understanding (3rd edn), by Harold R. Jacobs. Pp. 780. £46.99. 2003. ISBN 0 7167 4361 2 (W. H. Freeman).

• Higher spaces and higher space elements • Geometrical transformations. The last of these examines the use of projective transformations, circular transformations, Cremona transformations, the Kleinian viewpoint and Lie theory. Covering all of this in a mere fifty pages means that the treatment is somewhat condensed, but the historical thread emerges with clarity. The final part of the book deals with differential geometry under five chapter headings:
Angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2 and Tie-2 in tumour and non-tumour tissues during growth of experimental melanoma

Tumour progression is dependent on the formation of new vessels in tumour tissue. Tumour cells produce a variety of factors that influence vessel growth and maintenance both in tumour and tumour-adjacent tissues. Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) and their tyrosine kinase receptor Tie-2 have been shown to play an important role in the processes of growth and remodelling of normal as well as tumour vessels. We studied gene expression of the angiogenic factors Ang-1 and Ang-2 and of their tyrosine kinase receptor Tie-2 in the tumour and non-tumour tissues of mice bearing the experimental melanoma B16. Using semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time PCR we measured Ang-1, Ang-2 and Tie-2 mRNA levels in the tumour, bone marrow, liver and spleen. Melanoma tissue overexpressed Ang-2 mRNA compared with spleen, liver and bone marrow of normal mice, suggesting its role during melanoma progression. On the other hand, there was a significant decrease in Ang-2 mRNA level in bone marrow cells collected on days 5 and 10 of tumour growth compared with the expression of Ang-2 mRNA in the bone marrow of normal mice and those collected on days 15 and 20 of tumour growth. These data demonstrate, for the first time, an ectopic effect of the tumour on the gene coding for an angiogenic factor, and also suggest that tumour growth may influence angiogenesis and/or vasculogenesis in distant organs.
Recherche de réponses précises à des questions médicales : le système de questions-réponses MEANS. (Finding precise answers to medical questions : the question-answering system MEANS)

La recherche de reponses precises a des questions formulees en langue naturelle renouvelle le champ de la recherche d’information. De nombreux travaux ont eu lieu sur la recherche de reponses a des questions factuelles en domaine ouvert. Moins de travaux ont porte sur la recherche de reponses en domaine de specialite, en particulier dans le domaine medical ou biomedical. Plusieurs conditions differentes sont rencontrees en domaine de specialite comme les lexiques et terminologies specialises, les types particuliers de questions, entites et relations du domaine ou les caracteristiques des documents cibles. Dans une premiere partie, nous etudions les methodes permettant d’analyser semantiquement les questions posees par l’utilisateur ainsi que les textes utilises pour trouver les reponses. Pour ce faire nous utilisons des methodes hybrides pour deux tâches principales : (i) la reconnaissance des entites medicales et (ii) l’extraction de relations semantiques. Ces methodes combinent des regles et patrons construits manuellement, des connaissances du domaine et des techniques d’apprentissage statistique utilisant differents classifieurs. Ces methodes hybrides, experimentees sur differents corpus, permettent de pallier les inconvenients des deux types de methodes d’extraction d’information, a savoir le manque de couverture potentiel des methodes a base de regles et la dependance aux donnees annotees des methodes statistiques. Dans une seconde partie, nous etudions l’apport des technologies du web semantique pour la portabilite et l’expressivite des systemes de questions-reponses. Dans le cadre de notre approche, nous exploitons les technologies du web semantique pour annoter les informations extraites en premier lieu et pour interroger semantiquement ces annotations en second lieu. Enfin, nous presentons notre systeme de questions-reponses, appele MEANS, qui utilise a la fois des techniques de TAL, des connaissances du domaine et les technologies du web semantique pour repondre automatiquement aux questions medicales.
Delayed observation planning in partially observable domains

Traditional models for planning under uncertainty such as Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) or Partially Observable MDPs (POMDPs) assume that the observations about the results of agent actions are instantly available to the agent. In so doing, they are no longer applicable to domains where observations are received with delays caused by temporary unavailability of information (e.g. delayed response of the market to a new product). To that end, we make the following key contributions towards solving Delayed observation POMDPs (D-POMDPs): (i) We first provide an parameterized approximate algorithm for solving D-POMDPs efficiently, with desired accuracy; and (ii) We then propose a policy execution technique that adjusts the policy at run-time to account for the actual realization of observations. We then show the performance of our techniques on POMDP benchmark problems with delayed observations where explicit modeling of delayed observations leads to solutions of superior quality.
Movement and home range of cinereous vulture Aegypius monachus during the wintering and summering periods in East Asia

The present study was conducted to elucidate the movement and home range of 7 subadult cinereous vultures Aegypius monachus during the wintering and summering periods using a telemetry system from January 2015 to March 2017 in East Asia. In total, 7053 locations (180? 1607 points per bird) were used to analyze the home range size and movement distance of the birds during the wintering, migration, and summering periods. The tracked birds overwintered in South Korea. They migrated between South Korea and Mongolia during spring and autumn, respectively. Their movement and home range size varied considerably throughout the annual cycle between the wintering and summering grounds. The migration route and home range exhibited considerable overlap among the vultures tracked. Further studies on breeding ecology and habitat use pattern are necessary for the conservation of cinereous vultures and their habitats in the wintering and summering grounds.
An Uncertainty Propagations Analysis for an Infrared Band Model Technique for Combustion Gas Diagnostics

Abstract : The development of matrix equations for an uncertainty propagations analysis for the emission-absorption band model technique are described. The emission-absorption technique is used for the determination of local values of temperature and species concentration for measurements of radiance and transmittance on axisymmetric gas flows. The approach used depends on linearization of the original nonlinear system of equations comprising the solution to the radiative transfer problem for an emitting-absorbing source such as a turbojet or rocket engine exhaust plume. The resultant linear transformation matrix provides a means for determination of the variance- covariance matrix for inverted temperature and partial pressure, based on the experimentally determined variance-covariance matrix of the measured radiance and transmittances. The diagonal elements of the propagated variance-covariance matrix yield the square of the standard deviation of the temperature and partial pressure.
INSIG2 is Associated with Lower Gain in Weight-for-Length Between Birth and Age 6 Months

Researchers have described the association of a common DNA polymorphism, rs7566605, near INSIG2 (insulin-induced gene 2) with obesity in multiple independent populations that include subjects ages 11–60 years. 1 To our knowledge, no studies have examined the association of this polymorphism with weight status during early childhood. We explored the association of the rs7566605 polymorphism with weight-for-length among 319 children at 6 months and 3 years participating in Project Viva, a pre-birth cohort study. In contrast to studies of older individuals, CC homozygosity was associated with lower gain in weight-for-length z-score between birth and age 6 months than GG homozygosity or GC heterozygosity. At age 3, we did not find an association. The association of INSIG2 gene with obesity may change direction with age.
The Role of Swine in the Generation of Novel Influenza Viruses

The ecology of influenza A viruses is very complicated involving multiple host species and viral genes. Avian species have variable susceptibility to influenza A viruses with wild aquatic birds being the reservoir for this group of pathogens. Occasionally, influenza A viruses are transmitted to mammals from avian species, which can lead to the development of human pandemic strains by direct or indirect transmission to man. Because swine are also susceptible to infection with avian and human influenza viruses, genetic reassortment between these viruses and/or swine influenza viruses can occur. The potential to generate novel influenza viruses has resulted in swine being labelled ‘mixing vessels’. The mixing vessel theory is one mechanism by which unique viruses can be transmitted from an avian reservoir to man. Although swine can generate novel influenza viruses capable of infecting man, at present, it is difficult to predict which viruses, if any, will cause a human pandemic. Clearly, the ecology of influenza A viruses is dynamic and can impact human health, companion animals, as well as the health of livestock and poultry for production of valuable protein commodities. For these reasons, influenza is, and will continue to be, a serious threat to the wellbeing of mankind.