Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Managing the Boundary Between “Yes” and “But”: Two Ways of Disaffiliating With German ja aber and jaber

This study shows how different phonetic productions of the same word pair perform different actions in conversation. The German words for “yes” and “but” share the same vowel at the word boundary: ja aber. Data from naturally occurring talk show that German speakers exploit this property of their language to differentiate between ja aber and jaber. The phonetic distinction co-occurs with a distinction in how actions are formatted. In ja aber turns, ja performs a separate action, often as a second pair part, providing an elicited confirming response. The action initiated by aber is typically disaffiliative and done for the first time. In contrast, jaber-fronted turns are rarely second pair parts and perform one single disaffiliative action, which is a redoing of a previously accomplished or attempted action. The frequent occurrence of jaber in the corpus suggests that the item is being used as a wordlike entity similar to a discourse marker. The findings reveal that for participants the local requirement to manage action boundaries is more relevant than linguistic word boundaries that may exist outside the interactional context. Data are in German with English translation.
Book Reviews

Books reviewed: Anna Carr, author. Grass Roots and Green Tape: Principles and Practices of Environmental Stewardship, Sally Marsh, ed. Steven Renzetti, author. The Economics of Water Demands, Chris Alaouze, ed. Gretchen C. Daily and Katherine Ellison, authors. The New Economy of Nature: The Quest to Make Conservation Profitable, Stuart M. Whitten, ed. Nick Hanley, author. The Choice Modelling Approach to Environmental Valuation, Jeff Bennett and Russell Blamey eds.
Common Sense Community? The Climate Challenge Fund's Official and Tacit Community Construction

Abstract The Climate Challenge Fund (CCF) is the Scottish Government's flagship initiative addressing the twenty-first century's core concern: environmental challenges. The CCF seeks to reduce carbon emissions explicitly through community. Building on community's long and strong social science heritage, this paper outlines the CCF's tacit and unspoken community assumptions. Through these assumptions, this policy (re)produces, prefigures and performs a particular form of community, this being community's elision with locality, and synonym for place, rurality or neighbourhood. Taking on these tacit assumptions is demonstrative of their belief in the effectiveness of such community. After exploring the CCF, its source and structure, the paper delves into empirical work situated at all levels of the CCF's funding chain. It then teases out how the assumptions around – and the need to demonstrate – community help determine the projects selected, and subsequently the vision of community chosen, enacted and mobilised. The CCF (re)produces a particular vision of community with implications for who receives funding, how environmental action is framed and also for the future of community in Scotland.
EDITORIAL

Guided tours play a key role in the growing global tourism industry, supporting, engaging and diverting visitors who travel to places they want to learn more about and be entertained by. Despite the importance of the role of the guided tour and the many challenges to its narratives from developments in cultural, critical and historiographical theory, the guided tour attracts little in the way of sustained and detailed critical attention within tourism research. Through the International Research Forum on Guided Tours (IRFGT), a more systematic work has now begun; widening the questions and assembling scholars interested in guided tours as a scientific field of inquiry (Adolfsson, Dobers, & Jonasson, 2009; Jonasson, 2011; Zillinger, Jonasson, & Adolfsson, 2012). While still in its early stages, this initiative has already produced networks and publications that have opened up questions regarding guided tours. Rather than remaining a mystifying and closed skill-set in the hands of professional or semi-professional associations and licensed individuals, the IRFGT seeks to open the multiple practices of guiding to careful and serious scrutiny from various theoretical perspectives, initiated and deployed by an emerging interdisciplinary community. Every new place that the conference IRFGT has moved to has brought new perspectives into play. From the last conference in Plymouth in 2011, it is clear that guided tours are increasingly seen by some researchers as productions of extraordinary timespaces within any, even everyday, context. Tours are not merely guided; they are performed as closely scripted presentations or as situated improvisations where audiences are as much the producers of the performance as their guides (Coverley, 2006; Jonasson, 2011; Mock, 2009; Smith, 2010). Thus, the distance between performance studies and tourism studies has narrowed. While many important questions, such as those of economy, professional conditions and political control, remain to be addressed, what performance and theatrical perspectives are adding to studies of guided tours are new and innovative ways of considering the small elements within the micro-cosmological worlds produced by guided tours, as well as connecting these elements to a wider social, cultural and political landscape of tourism. Grounding guided tours on a performative platform also produce new ways of connecting guided tours to other scientific disciplines, making it possible to ask other questions, use new methods, and present novel findings. By crossing fields of psychogeography, Internet-based technology, symbolic understanding of heritages, reflective walking methods, gendered literary spaces, and the micro-politics of cultural co-productions, while teasing out the active presence of multiple practices within every act of guiding, such an assemblage of viewpoints on guided tours invites novel and hybrid outcomes. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 2013 Vol. 13, No. 2, 85–87, http://dx.doi. org/10.1080/15022250.2013. 796198
Comparative Analysis of Whole-Transcriptome RNA Expression in MDCK Cells Infected With the H3N2 and H5N1 Canine Influenza Viruses

This study aimed to detect changes in the complete transcriptome of MDCK cells after infection with the H5N1 and H3N2 canine influenza viruses using high-throughput sequencing, search for differentially expressed RNAs in the transcriptome of MDCK cells infected with H5N1 and H3N2 using comparative analysis, and explain the differences in the pathogenicity of H5N1 and H3N2 at the transcriptome level. Based on the results of our comparative analysis, significantly different levels of expression were found for 2,464 mRNAs, 16 miRNAs, 181 lncRNAs, and 262 circRNAs in the H3N2 infection group and 448 mRNAs, 12 miRNAs, 77 lncRNAs, and 189 circRNAs in the H5N1 infection group. Potential functions were predicted by performing Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses of the target genes of miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs, and the ncRNA-mRNA regulatory network was constructed based on differentially expressed RNAs. A greater number of pathways regulating immune metabolism were altered in the H3N2 infection group than in the H5N1 infection group, which may be one reason why the H3N2 virus is less pathogenic than is the H5N1 virus. This study provides detailed data on the production of ncRNAs during infection of MDCK cells by the canine influenza viruses H3N2 and H5N1, analyzed differences in the total transcriptomes between H3N2- and H5N1-infected MDCK cells, and explained these differences with regard to the pathogenicity of H3N2 and H5N1 at the transcriptional level.
Optical Quantal Analysis

Understanding the mechanisms by which long-term synaptic plasticity is expressed remains an important objective in neuroscience. From a physiological perspective, the strength of a synapse can be considered a consequence of several parameters including the probability that a presynaptic action potential (AP) evokes the release of neurotransmitter, the mean number of quanta of transmitter released when release is evoked, and the mean amplitude of a postsynaptic response to a single quantum. Various methods have been employed to estimate these quantal parameters from electrophysiological recordings; such “quantal analysis” has been used to support competing accounts of mechanisms of expression of long-term plasticity. Because electrophysiological recordings, even with minimal presynaptic stimulation, can reflect responses arising at multiple synaptic sites, these methods are open to alternative interpretations. By combining intracellular electrical recording with optical detection of transmission at individual synapses, however, it is possible to eliminate such ambiguity. Here, we describe methods for such combined optical and electrical monitoring of synaptic transmission in brain slice preparations and illustrate how quantal analyses thereby obtained permit more definitive conclusions about the physiological changes that underlie long-term synaptic plasticity.
A Computational Model of Tumor Growth and Anakoinosis

Anakoinosis is a new cancer treatment paradigm that posits a key role for communicative reprogramming within tumor systems. To date no mathematical or computational models of anakoinosis have been developed. Here we outline the NEATG_A system, a first computational model of communicative reprogramming. The model recapitulates key features of real tumor systems and responses to both traditional cytotoxic treatments and biomodulatory/anakoinotic treatments. Results are presented and discussed, particularly with respect to the implications for future cancer treatment protocols.
Laparoscopy-induced severe renal failure after appendectomy

Abstract Laparoscopy has gained importance in the abdominal emergency surgery field. Acute appendicitis is one of the major indications for emergency surgery, being laparoscopy the gold standard approach. We report a case of a 39-years-old female presenting with acute kidney injury (AKI) after laparoscopy. Differential diagnosis was considered with prerenal AKI etiology due to sepsis and low fluid input, however this was ruled out due to absence of electrolyte imbalance and no correlation with septic parameters. Laparoscopy CO2 pneumoperitoneum can potentially lead to multiple organ failure, including renal. Laparoscopy induced AKI is related with both hormonal stimuli for renal vasoconstriction and increased intra-abdominal pressure, causing hypoxemia and tubular renal injury. In conclusion, very few cases of laparoscopy induced AKI in young patients with no previous renal disease have been reported. Surgeons must consider this complication in the differential diagnosis of postoperative AKI.
Prolactin and thyroid stimulating hormone affecting the pattern of LH/FSH secretion in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: A hospital-based study from North East India

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most important endocrinal diseases in reproductive age group, clinically manifested by hyperandrogenism and anovulation and different other metabolic disturbances that may have important implications for long-term health. Aim and Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of abnormal luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone (LH/FSH) ratio in women with polycystic ovary and to assess the influence of prolactin and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the elevated LH/FSH ratio. Study Design: Retrospective observational study. Materials and Methods: Eighty-five women in reproductive age diagnosed with PCOS between June 2012 to June 2014 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in a tertiary care hospital were selected for the study. Serum LH and FSH levels were determined and LH/FHS ratio (normal range ≤2) calculated in the study subjects. They underwent a detailed clinical, hormonal, and metabolic evaluation, which was performed between the second and third days of a natural or induced menstrual period. Results: Elevated LH/FSH ratio was found in 60 women (70.58%). Normal gonadotropin ratio was detected in 25 women (29.41%). Statistically significant differences in serum TSH levels were noted between groups with normal and elevated LH/FSH ratio. However, no statistically significant difference was noted in other endocrine parameters. Further analysis revealed a slight negative correlation of TSH with prolactin in the study subjects of PCOS with an 'r' value of − 0.3. Conclusions: LH/FSH ratio is one of the characteristic attribute of PCOS women. In the present study, this abnormality was detected in 70% of patients. Hypothyroidism was a common endocrinal abnormality and prolactin was inversely correlated to TSH levels in PCOS patients.
Editorial

In 2001 ‘Leadership for Learning: the Cambridge Network’ (LfL) was created with the aim of reinvigorating the concept of learning and placing it firmly at the centre of the debate about leadership. Our aspiration was to develop a web of collaborative knowledge creation and exchange, firmly rooted in practice. We chose to call ourselves a network rather than a centre in order to emphasise the lateral connections among people, creating and sharing knowledge through research and evaluation projects, seminars, conferences and consultancy. We planned for work with practitioners, schools and local authorities to be linked to scholarly engagement with international researchers, and to the interface with policy-makers.
Book Review

The Schumpeterian concept of creative destruction through innovation has been a guiding idea behind much of what has been written about industrial development during the last quarter of a century, especially among those whose interest is focused on long waves. The crisis of the 1970s opened the economic historians’ eyes to structural and institutional complications to economic growth. Nowhere have Schumpeter’s theories received greater acknowledgement than in Sweden. The dramatic shifts of Sweden’s resource-based industries attracted the interest of historians at an early stage. Among economists, there is also a living tradition of interpreting economic growth and change as a continuous struggle between innovative possibilities and institutional hindrances. This interest goes back to Schumpeter’s own time. Today the Swedish economic history academic community is, according to a recent analysis (AnderssonSkog and Krantz in SEHR 2003), in relation to population, probably larger than anywhere else. Jan Jörnmark takes advantage of this environment by charting the long lines of changes and shifts in Swedish resourcebased industry during the century and a half after the Napoleonic Wars. Basically the story is about how Swedish industrialisation, founded on the country’s considerable resources of iron ore and timber, but lacking coal and a wider market, adapted to international competition. The first part of the book is organised chronologically. Jörnmark identifies three periods: from 1810 to the 1870/80s, in which the trend towards liberalisation saw not only the opening of trade but also the fixing of property rights to land and forests. This latter aspect is, for good reasons, stressed particularly by the author. Using the Coasean concept of transaction costs, Jörnmark argues that this period thus entails greater transparency of costs, and at the same time as the shift in relative prices on the international market for timber and iron. Interestingly, it was not always the obsolete production facilities that disappeared: newly established large-scale ironworks like Hofors and Stora Kopparberg were among those hardest hit by the recession in the 1870s. Jörnmark characterises the next period, from 1870/80 to about 1910, as the ’Chandlerian imperative’. This period saw the creation of a number of large industrial firms. They were often conglomerates producing timber, pulp and iron, and soon also electricity. They shielded real transaction costs behind trusts and vertical integration. The firms were also protected by state regulation and trade protectionism. In the last period, Jörnmark ascribes a leading role to the production of hydropower, a role that timber and iron had played in the two preceeding periods. Ideology, technological momentum in large technosystems and developmental ambitions contributed to a path dependency that proved beneficial during the nationalist autarchy of the interwar period. However, transaction costs rose. Jörnmark calls the Scandinavian Economic History Review .
A novel model for treatment of hypertrophic pachymeningitis

Immunoglobulin (Ig)G4‐related disease is a major cause of hypertrophic pachymeningitis (HP), presenting as a progressive thickening of the dura mater. HP lacks an animal model to determine its underlying mechanisms. We developed a suitable animal model for the treatment of HP.
A Spatial Analysis of Gravity Flows (Volume 6, Number 2, 1972)

CURRY L. (1972) A spatial analysis of gravity flows, Reg. Studies 6, 131-147, Since Wilson gave theoretical substance to the gravi model, it is possible to treat it analytically. His derivation is discussed and Jbration problems examined. In particular, the general constraints on the maximum entropy solution he obtains can be particularized. Here the association between the spatial distribution of jobs and homes is investigated using a spatial regression o erator which is interpreted as the impulse response function of a second order di8erence equation. By using Z transforms, the regression and gravity operators are applied in parallel. Feedback from the resulting trip pattern allows the job-home relation to be changed sequentially. Measures of spatial entropy and joint information are introduced and related to travel entropy.
A Critical Appraisal of Emergency Medicine Specialty Training and Resignation among Residents in Emergency Medicine in Turkey

Background and Aim The nonsatisfaction among emergency medicine specialty trainees is an underrated issue in Turkey. Several previous studies have evaluated the burn-out and its consequences among physicians, but there is no study conducted with specialty trainees. The aim of this study is to evaluate the reasons for resignation among emergency medicine specialty residents in Turkey. Method A total of 41 participants, who resigned from emergency medicine residency, were contacted by phone and invited to complete an online survey that included 25 questions about personal characteristics and departmental information. Results Most frequent reasons of resignation were violence/security concerns (63.4%), busy work environment (53.7%), and mobbing (26.8%). Participants who reported that they have resigned due to inadequate training were mostly over 30 years old (p=0.02), continued more than 6 months to EMST (p<0.001), reported that there was no regular rotation program (p=0.003) or access to full-text scientific journals (p=0.045) in their department. All participants thought that there were deficits in the training programs, and none of them declared regret for resigning. Twenty-eight participants (68.2%) continued their specialty training at a different discipline after resignation. Conclusion Major barriers against a high-quality and sustainable emergency medicine residency are violence in emergency services, mobbing in academic or administrative bodies, and inaccessibility to scientific resources. These obstacles can only be removed by cooperation of multiple institutions in Turkey.
Do Systemic Factors Influence the Fate of Nonunions to Become Atrophic? A Retrospective Analysis of 162 Cases

Introduction Nonunions are a challenge for orthopedic surgeons. In hypertrophic nonunions, improvement of mechanical stability usually is the satisfactory treatment, whereas in atrophic nonunions improvement of the biological environment is most important. However, scientific evidence revealed that “avital” nonunions are not avascular and fibrous tissue contains cells with osteogenic potential. To find out if systemic factors suppress this intrinsic potential in atrophic nonunions, this study compares characteristics of hypertrophic with atrophic nonunion patients. Methods We analyzed medical records of 162 surgically treated patients suffering from aseptic long bone nonunions. Atrophic and hypertrophic nonunions were distinguished by absence or presence of callus and calcification in the fracture gap. Mechanical implant loosening and patient characteristics such as age, gender, and body mass index were assessed. Fracture classification according to AO/OTA, open and closed fractures, and osteosynthesis were recorded. In addition, comorbidities and allergies between both groups were compared. Results A higher number of hypertrophic nonunion patients were male with often allergies. Hypertrophic nonunion occurred more often after intramedullary nailing compared to atrophic nonunions. Atrophic nonunion patients being nonallergic were significantly older than nonallergic patients suffering from hypertrophic nonunions. In both atrophic and hypertrophic nonunion patients, age was lower in patients with accompanying injuries compared with age of patients with isolated fractures. Conclusion Systemic factors influence development of nonunion types. In nonallergic patients, atrophic nonunions occur more often in the elderly. This manuscript is a first step to identify different factors which might influence the nature of nonunion. To enable nonunion treatment which is tailored to individual patient characteristics, further prospective studies with more sophisticated research methods are necessary.
Book Reviews

Books reviewed in this article: Andrew Hinde, England's population S. H. Rigby (ed.), A companion to Britain in the later middle ages Michael Snodin and John Styles, Design and the decorative arts Alexandra Shepard, Meanings of manhood in early modern England Steven King and Alannah Tomkins (eds.), The poor in England, 1700-1850 Peter Kirby, Child labour in Britain, 1750-1870 John F. Wilson and Andrew Popp (eds.), Industrial clusters and regional business networks in England, 1750-1970 R. S. Craig, R. Protheroe Jones and M. V. Symons, The industrial and maritime history of Llanelli and Burry Port, 1750-2000 A. K. B. Evans and J. V. Gough (eds.), The impact of the railway on society in Britain Lesley Richmond, Julie Stevenson and Alison Turner (eds.), The pharmaceutical industry Ian Gazeley, Poverty in Britain, 1900-1965 Richard Toye, The Labour Party and the planned economy, 1931-51 Jonathan Hollowell (ed.), Britain since 1945 Vanessa Harding, The dead and the living in Paris and London, 1500-1670 R. W. Davies et al (eds.), The Stalin-Kaganovich correspondence, 1931-36 Michael G. Morony (ed.), Production and the exploitation of resources Michael G. Morony (ed.), Manufacturing and labour John Belshaw, Colonization and community Lizabeth Cohen, A consumers' republic Deborah Fitzgerald, Every farm a factory Diane J. Macunovich, Birth quake W. W. Rostow, Concept and controversy Mario Baldassarri and Pierluigi Ciocca (eds.), Roots of the Italian school of economics and finance
Use of Mannitol and Vitamins B in Piriformis Syndrome: A Possible Treatment Modality?

36 Journal of Research in Pharmacy Practice ¦ Volume 8 ¦ Issue 1 ¦ January-March 2019 3. Abu-Zaid A, BaHammam LO, Hijji TM, Shakir IM, Eshaq AM, Alawadi M, et al. Extrinsic motives to encourage extracurricular research activities: A reminder call to medical schools in Saudi Arabia. Int J Med Educ 2017;8:99-100. 4. DiPietro PA, Longo SL, Welch BE, Kennedy DR, Nemec EC. Current practices of awarding graduation honors within doctor of pharmacy degree programs. Am J Pharm Educ 2017;81:69.