Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Delayed Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy Among People Living with HIV in Nekemte Referral Hospital, Western Ethiopia

Background Ethiopia has adopted the “Universal Test and Treat” strategy to its national policy in 2016 to put all people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) regardless of their World Health Organization (WHO) clinical stage or CD4 cell count level. A significant percentage of PLHIV start therapy has been delayed despite the availability of ART, which results in poor treatment outcomes including HIV-related morbidity and mortality, and continued HIV transmission. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the magnitude and associated factors of delayed ART initiation among PLHIV at ART Clinic, Nekemte Referral hospital, Western Ethiopia between January 1, 2020 and March 31, 2020 for the time period of January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2019. A consecutive sampling method was used to recruit 417 study subjects. The collected data were entered into Epi data version 3.1 and exported to STATA version 14 for statistical analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify associated factors with delayed ART initiation among PLHIV. P-values<0.05 were used to declare significant association. Results A total of 417 PLHIV were included in the study. The mean age of study subjects was 33.49 (SD±9.81) years. The majority of participants attended formal education (77%) and were urban dwellers (82%). One-third (34%) of them initiated ART delayed, beyond 7 days of confirmed HIV diagnosis. Subjects with normal nutritional status (BMI=18.5–24.9kg/m2) (AOR=3.12, 95% CI=1.29–7.57; P=0.012), CD4 count ≥351cells/mm3 (AOR=2.89, 95% CI=1.27–6.58; P=0.011), tuberculosis (TBC) co-infection (AOR=2.76, 95% CI=1.13–6.70; P=0.025), use of traditional treatment (AOR=4.03, 95% CI=2.03–8.00; P<0.001) and did not know other ART user(s) (AOR=2.86, 95% CI=1.52–5.37; P=0.001) were significantly associated with delayed ART initiation. Conclusion Early HIV testing mechanisms and timely linkage to HIV care by advocating “Test-and-Treat” should be strengthened.
Relationship Between Vitamin D Deficiency and Disease Activity in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Ahvaz, Iran

Background and Aims Previous studies have shown that vitamin D plays an important role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study was designed to investigate the relationship between vitamin D levels and disease activity in IBD patients in Ahvaz, Iran. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on adult IBD patients referring to the outpatient clinic of gastroenterology at Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ahvaz city, in the southwest of Iran. Each patient’s disease activity defined according to Crohn’s disease activity index (CDAI) in Crohn’s disease (CD) and Truelove score in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, serum 25[OH]D was measured using the radioimmunoassay method. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as concentration of <20 nmol/L. Results Studied subjects were 130 UC and 23 CD patients (62.1% females) with a mean age of 37.5 ± 12.35 years. Vitamin D deficiency was present in 99 (64.7%) IBD patients. Fifty-three patients (34.6%) had active disease who, compared with patients in remission, had more frequent low vitamin D levels (80 vs 56.7%, P = 0.017). In UC patients, disease activity was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency (P = 0.035), but no such relationship was observed in CD patients (P = 0.74). Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with disease activity in IBD, especially in UC patients. Therefore, careful monitoring of vitamin D deficiency in these patients is highly recommended. Prospective cohort studies are also needed to determine the role of vitamin D deficiency and its treatment in the clinical course of IBD.
Outcomes of Combined Prolene Gonioscopy Assisted Transluminal Trabeculotomy with Phacoemulsification in Open-Angle Glaucoma

Purpose To describe the clinical outcomes of combined prolene gonioscopy assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) with phacoemulsification in patients with open-angle glaucoma. Methods Retrospective study of patients with cataract and open-angle glaucoma treated with GATT and phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Patients with neovascular glaucoma, corneal decompensation, unstable IOL, and with bleeding disorders were excluded. The cumulative probability of failure was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were the complete success rate, the mean change on intraocular pressure (IOP), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and number of glaucoma medications at the last follow-up. The frequency of complications was also recorded. Results Thirty two eyes (25 patients) were included. Nineteen (59.3%) were females, with a mean age of 73.4±12.4 (23–87 years) and a mean baseline BCVA of 1.1±0.75 (0.3–3) LogMAR units. The cumulative probability of failure was 3.2% at 1 month and 6.3% at 6 and 12 months. Sixty-eight and 65.5% of eyes achieved complete success at 3 and 6 months, respectively. The reduction of IOP and number of glaucoma medications at 6 months were statistically significant (p<0.0001 and p=0.0002, respectively). There was a statistically significant improvement of BCVA (from 1.1±0.7 to 0.4±0.7) at 6 months (p<0.0001). IOP spikes (18.7%) and transient hyphema (9.3%) were the most common complications. Conclusion Combined GATT with cataract surgery reduced the IOP and was associated with low failure rates and few ocular complications. This procedure offers the advantage to avoid the need for a bleb, scleral, or conjunctival incision, allowing the possibility for future glaucoma procedures.
Mauranthemum, a New Name for Leucoglossum B. H. Wilcox & al. non S. Imai (Compositae, Anthemideae)

Mauranthemum is published as an avowed substitute for Leucoglossum B. H. Wilcox & al. 1993, which is an illegitimate later homonym of Leucoglossum S. Imai 1942. New combinations for four species and one subspecies are proposed.
Forest management and carbon sequestration in size-structured forests: the case of Pinus sylvestris in Spain.

1 The Kyoto Protocol allows Annex I countries to deduct carbon sequestered by land use, land-use 2 change and forestry from their national carbon emissions. Thornley and Cannell (2000) demonstrated 3 that the objectives of maximizing timber and carbon sequestration are not complementary. Based on 4 this finding, this paper develops a model that takes into account the underlying biophysical and 5 economic processes, and determines empirically the optimal selective management regime. The results 6 show that sequestration costs are significantly lower than previous estimates. 7 8
The Influence of Each Facial Feature on How We Perceive and Interpret Human Faces

Facial information is processed by our brain in such a way that we immediately make judgments about, for example, attractiveness or masculinity or interpret personality traits or moods of other people. The appearance of each facial feature has an effect on our perception of facial traits. This research addresses the problem of measuring the size of these effects for five facial features (eyes, eyebrows, nose, mouth, and jaw). Our proposal is a mixed feature-based and image-based approach that allows judgments to be made on complete real faces in the categorization tasks, more than on synthetic, noisy, or partial faces that can influence the assessment. Each facial feature of the faces is automatically classified considering their global appearance using principal component analysis. Using this procedure, we establish a reduced set of relevant specific attributes (each one describing a complete facial feature) to characterize faces. In this way, a more direct link can be established between perceived facial traits and what people intuitively consider an eye, an eyebrow, a nose, a mouth, or a jaw. A set of 92 male faces were classified using this procedure, and the results were related to their scores in 15 perceived facial traits. We show that the relevant features greatly depend on what we are trying to judge. Globally, the eyes have the greatest effect. However, other facial features are more relevant for some judgments like the mouth for happiness and femininity or the nose for dominance.
The effect of soybean meal replacement with raw full-fat soybean in diets for broiler chickens

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to examine the effects of soybean meal replacement by multiple levels of raw full-fat soybean (REFS) in broiler diets on the growth performance, apparent ileal amino acids digestibility (AIAAD), intestinal histometric characteristic, pancreas weight and trypsin activity in digesta. In the experiment, in total 208 × ROSS 308 male chickens were used to examine the effect of RFFS on growth performance, AIAAD, intestinal morphology and trypsin activity in the intestinal content. Four dietary treatments were used: control group (without RFFS) and groups containing 4%, 8% and 12% of RFFS. The experiment lasted from 10th to 38th day of age. The presence of RFFS in broiler diets markedly decreased body weight and feed conversion ratio merely in group fed by 12% of RFFS in its diet. The AIAAD was lower when diets contained RFFS in all observed amino acids expect methionine. Higher AIAAD was obtained in RFFS12 in comparison with RFFS8 and RFFS4 due to a higher weight of pancreas and higher trypsin activity. Pancreas weight and trypsin activity increased with increasing RFFS in the diets. The morphology parameters villus height and crypt depth were negatively affected by the presence of RFFS.
Increased epithelial membrane protein 2 expression in glioblastoma after treatment with bevacizumab

Abstract Background Antiangiogenic therapy with bevacizumab has failed to provide substantial gains in overall survival. Epithelial membrane protein 2 (EMP2) is a cell surface protein that has been previously shown to be expressed in glioblastoma, correlate with poor survival, and regulate neoangiogenesis in cell lines. Thus, the relationship between bevacizumab and EMP2 was investigated. Methods Tumor samples were obtained from 12 patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma at 2 time points: (1) during the initial surgery and (2) during a subsequent surgery following disease recurrence post-bevacizumab treatment. Clinical characteristics and survival data from these patients were collected, and tumor samples were stained for EMP2 expression. The IVY Glioblastoma Atlas Project database was used to evaluate EMP2 expression levels in 270 samples by differing histological areas of the tumor. Results Patients with high EMP2 staining at initial diagnosis had decreased progression-free and overall survival after bevacizumab (median progression-free survival 4.6 months vs 5.9 months; log-rank P = .076 and overall survival 7.7 months vs 14.4 months; log-rank P = .011). There was increased EMP2 staining in samples obtained after bevacizumab treatment in both unpaired (mean H-score 2.31 vs 1.76; P = .006) and paired analyses (mean difference 0.571; P = .019). This expression increase correlated with length of bevacizumab therapy (R2 = 0.449; Pearson P = .024). Conclusions Bevacizumab treatment increased EMP2 protein expression. This increase in EMP2 correlated with reduced mean survival time post-bevacizumab therapy. We hypothesize a role of EMP2 in clinical bevacizumab resistance and as a potential antiangiogenic therapeutic target in glioblastoma.
Does Genetics Play a Role in Acute Liver Injury After Amoxicillin Exposure?

ABSTRACT Amoxicillin-clavulanate has long been associated with drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and although approximately 4 times less common, amoxicillin has also been implicated. Many studies have associated possible genetic factors with susceptibility to DILI, but there is currently no literature with evidence of instances of DILI within the same family. Two sisters presented with similar symptoms and signs of liver injury including jaundice, scleral icterus, abdominal pain, and anorexia with transaminitis and abnormal coagulation studies. Both sisters were started on amoxicillin approximately 2–3 weeks before presentation. They both had progression of the liver injury, and on biopsies, they had similar findings indicative of DILI as well.
Intrusions, and resident pair responses, during the breeding cycle of the Orange-crowned Warbler

I observed Orange-crowned Warbler Vermivora celata behavior at or near 40 nest sites over 287 h during the nest construction, egg laying, incubation, nestling, and/or fledgling stages. I recorded intrusions most frequently during nest construction (2.14 h-'), less frequently during late nestling care (day seven through fledging, 0.81 h-') and after fledging (0.89 h-'), and infrequently during incubation (0.07 h-') and early nestling care (the first six days, 0.10 h-'). I also recorded a moderate mean intrusion rate during egg laying (1.30 h-'), based on relatively few observations. I recorded interactions between resident males (RMs) and intruders most frequently during nest construction (1.63 h-'), less frequently during late nestling care (0.48 h-') and after fledging (0.28 h-'), and infrequently during incubation (0.05 h-') and early nestling care (0.06 h-1). I recorded interactions between intruders and resident females (RFs) most frequently during late nestling care (0.30 h-'), less frequently during nest construction (0.21 h-'), and infrequently during incubation (0.01 h-'), early nestling care (0.02 h-'), and after fledging (0.02 h-'). Intrusion rates and RM-intruder interactions varied significantly among nest sites during both nest construction and late nestling care. During nest construction, RMs demonstrated "waiting," "following," and "close feeding association" behaviors, all of which may function to guard the RF from intruders. I also observed waiting during nestling care, and close feeding associations during all breeding stages. Resident pairs (RPs) tending nestlings after day six may demonstrate "coordinated" feeding of nestlings more often at intruded nest sites than at non-intruded nest sites. Coordinated feeding of young is correlated with RP waiting at nest sites, and may facilitate mate guarding. I discuss identity of intruders, and possible explanations for intrusions, and RP responses, during late breeding stages, when RFs may be infertile. I suggest that sexual motivation best explains at least some of these behaviors.
Extralobar pulmonary sequestration with elevated serum neuron-specific enolase

Abstract Rationale: Pulmonary sequestration (PS) presenting with elevated serum tumor markers is rare, and it might be misdiagnosed as malignancy. Patient concerns: A 26-year-old asymptomatic male patient was admitted because the x-ray showed an intrathoracic lesion. Meanwhile, the serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was elevated. Three-dimensional computed tomography angiography revealed an isolated feeding vessel arising from the aorta. Diagnoses: Extralobular PS was confirmed by computed tomography angiography and postoperative pathological staining. Interventions: Two-port thoracoscopic resection of the sequestrated lobe was performed. Outcomes: The serum NSE decreased to within the normal range and persisted during the follow up of 10 months. Lessons: A thorough work-up should be considered for the PS patients presenting with abnormal serum NSE. Detailed knowledge regarding the relationship between NSE and PS necessitates further studies.
In silico investigation of heparanase-correlated genes in breast cancer subtypes

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the possible genes that may be related to the mechanisms that modulate heparanase-1. Methods The analysis was conducted at Universidade Federal de São Paulo, on the data provided by: The Cancer Genome Atlas, University of California Santa Cruz Genome Browser, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Pathway Database, Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery Bioinformatics Database and the softwares cBioPortal and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Results Using messenger RNA expression pattern of different molecular subtypes of breast cancer, we proposed that heparinase-1 was co-related with its progression. In addition, genes that were analyzed presented co-expression with heparanase-1. The results that showed that heparanase-1 co-expressed with phosphoinositide 3-kinase adapter protein 1, sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 7, and leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1 are directed related with immune system evasion during breast cancer progression. Furthermore, cathepsin L was co-expressed with heparanase-1 and transformed inactive heparanase-1 form into active heparanase-1, triggering extracellular matrix remodeling, which contributes to enhanced tumor-host interaction of the tumor. Conclusion The signaling pathway analysis using bioinformatics tools gives supporting evidence of possible mechanisms related to breast cancer development. Evasion genes of the immune system co-expressed with heparanase-1, a enzyme related with tumor progression.
Epidemiological Investigation of Cattle Abortion and Its Association with Brucellosis in Jimma Zone, Ethiopia

Background The epidemiology of cattle abortion and its association with brucellosis is not well understood in Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the magnitude, associated risk factors of abortion, and its association with brucellosis in cattle of Jimma zone, Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out from October 2018 to October 2019 in Jimma zone. A total of 484 pregnant cattle were randomly selected from two districts based on the composition of the cattle population. Besides, blood samples were collected from a total of 484 randomly selected cattle to assess the presence of Brucella antibody. The presence of an antibody against Brucella organism was first tested by the Rose Bengal Plate test, and then positive serum was confirmed using the complement fixation test. Results An overall 14.30% cumulative incidence rate of abortion was recorded in study areas. In this study, breed, herd size, method of breeding, previous history of abortion, accessibility of dog to cattle and season were identified as risk factors for the occurrence of cattle abortion. Higher cumulative incidence of abortion (31.82%) was observed in Brucella antibody positive cattle than those of antibody negative cattle (13.42%). However, the difference noted was not statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion It is important to create awareness about the impact of the abortion on cattle production and the applicable control technique of abortion should be aimed and implemented. Moreover, further investigation should be conducted to identify the specific cause of abortion and the associated loss in the study areas.
The rate and molecular spectrum of spontaneous mutations in the GC-rich multi-chromosome genome of Burkholderia cenocepacia

Spontaneous mutations are ultimately essential for evolutionary change and are also the root cause of many diseases. However, until recently, both biological and technical barriers have prevented detailed analyses of mutation profiles, constraining our understanding of the mutation process to a few model organisms and leaving major gaps in our understanding of the role of genome content and structure on mutation. Here, we present a genome-wide view of the molecular mutation spectrum in Burkholderia cenocepacia, a clinically relevant pathogen with high %GC-content and multiple chromosomes. We find that B. cenocepacia has low genome-wide mutation rates with insertion-deletion mutations biased towards deletions, consistent with the idea that deletion pressure reduces prokaryotic genome sizes. Unlike prior studies of other organisms, mutations in B. cenocepacia are not AT-biased, which suggests that at least some genomes with high %GC-content experience unusual base-substitution mutation pressure. Importantly, we also observe variation in both the rates and spectra of mutations among chromosomes and elevated G:C>T:A transversions in late-replicating regions. Thus, although some patterns of mutation appear to be highly conserved across cellular life, others vary between species and even between chromosomes of the same species, potentially influencing the evolution of nucleotide composition and genome architecture.
Effects of increased CO2 concentration on nutrient limited coastal summer plankton depend on temperature

Increasing seawater temperature and CO2 concentrations both are expected to increase coastal phytoplankton biomass and carbon to nutrient ratios in nutrient limited seasonally stratified summer conditions. This is because temperature enhances phytoplankton growth while grazing is suggested to be reduced during such bottom‐up controlled situations. In addition, enhanced CO2 concentrations potentially favor phytoplankton species, that otherwise depend on costly carbon concentrating mechanisms (CCM). The trophic consequences for consumers under such conditions, however, remain little understood. We set out to experimentally explore the combined effects of increasing temperature and CO2 concentration for phytoplankton biomass and stoichiometry and the consequences for trophic transfer (here for copepods) on a natural nutrient limited Baltic Sea summer plankton community. The results show, that warming effects were translated to the next trophic level by switching the system from a bottom‐up controlled to a mainly top‐down controlled one. This was reflected in significantly down‐grazed phytoplankton and increased zooplankton abundance in the warm temperature treatment (22.5°C). Additionally, at low temperature (16.5°C) rising CO2 concentrations significantly increased phytoplankton biomass. The latter effect however, was due to direct negative impact of CO2 on copepod nauplii which released phytoplankton from grazing in the cold but not in the warm treatments. Our results suggest that future seawater warming has the potential to switch trophic relations between phytoplankton and their grazers under nutrient limited conditions with the consequence of potentially disguising CO2 effects on coastal phytoplankton biomass.
Microbial and Chemical Control of Hornworms Attacking Tobacco In Ontario

In Ontario, Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis Berliner applied by aircraft or ground equipment was as effective as chemical insecticides in protecting tobacco from attack by the tomato hornworm, Protoparce quinquemaculata (Haworth). and the tobacco hornworm. P. sexta (Johannson). The test materials in terms of decreasing persistence on tobacco were rated as follows: endrin = Telodrin® (1,3.4.5,6,7,8,8-octachloro -1,3,3a,4,7,7a -hexahydro-4,7-methanoisobenzofuran) = endosulfan = carbaryl = Zectran® (4-dimethylamino-3,5-xylyl methylcarbamate) > Guthion® ( O , O -dimcthyl S- (4-oxo-1,2,3-benzotriazin-3 (4 H ) -ylmethyl) phosphorodithioate) < trichlorfon = insect pathogen. Rain probably reduced effectiveness of the microbial insecticide and trichlorfon applied only on the upper surfaces of the leaves. The residual effectiveness of a commercial formulation of B . thuringiensis var. thuringiensis was enhanced by the addition of stickers.
Joint additive effects of temperature and UVB radiation on zoeae of the crab Taliepus dentatus

This research is a contribution to the LINCGlobal program (CSIC_PUC) and funded by the projects MEDEICG (CTM2009-07013) and EstresX (CTM2012-32603) of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. We also acknowledge the assistance provided by the staff of the ECIM and local funding provided by Fondecyt 1130976.