Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Etude par microscopie optique des comportements spatio-temporels thermo- et photo-induits et de l’auto-organisation dans les monocristaux à transition de spin

Ce travail de these est dedie a la visualisation par microscopie optique des transitions de phases, thermo- et photo-induites dans des monocristaux a transition de spin. L’etude des cristaux du compose [{Fe(NCSe)(py)2}2(m-bpypz)] a permis de montrer la possibilite de controler la dynamique de l’interface HS/BS (haut spin/bas spin) par une irradiation lumineuse appliquee sur toute la surface du cristal ou de maniere localisee. Les investigations experimentales menees sur l’effet de l’intensite de la lumiere sur la temperature de transition ont mis en evidence d’une part l’importance du couplage entre le cristal et le bain thermique, et d’autre part le role de la diffusion de la chaleur dans le monocristal. En parallele, un modele base sur une description de type Ginzburg-Landau, a permis de mettre sur pied une description de type reaction diffusion des effets spatio-temporels accompagnant la transition de spin dans un monocristal. Celui-ci a permis d’identifier et de comprendre le role des parametres pertinents entrant en jeu dans le controle du mouvement de l’interface HS/BS. Les resultats obtenus sont tres encourageants et reproduisent avec une grande fidelite les donnees experimentales. Cependant l’origine de l’orientation de l’interface HS/BS observee par microscopie optique dans les cristaux du compose [{Fe(NCSe)(py)2}2(m-bpypz)] etait restee mysterieuse. Pour resoudre cette question, nous avons developpe un modele electro-elastique qui tient compte du changement de volume au cours de la transition de spin. Ce dernier nous a conduits a analyser l’effet de la symetrie du reseau cristallin et de la forme du cristal sur l’orientation de l’interface elastique. En l’appliquant au compose [{Fe(NCSe)(py)2}2(m-bpypz)], en tenant compte du caractere anisotrope du changement de la maille elementaire lors du passage HSBS, nous avons reussi a retrouver quantitativement l’orientation du front observee experimentalement en microscopie optique. Ceci confirme bien le role primordial de l’elasticite dans le comportement des materiaux a transition de spin. Des etudes sous lumiere a tres basse temperature nous ont donne la possibilite de suivre en temps reel, l’effet LIESST (Light Induced Excited Spin State Trapping), la re-laxation cooperative du cristal ainsi que l’instabilite photo-induite LITH (Light Induced Thermal Hysteresis). Un monde fascinant est apparu autour de cette derniere, avec la presence de comportements totalement inedits. Ainsi, et pour la premiere fois, nous avons mis en evidence l’existence de phenomenes d’auto-organisation et de comportements autocatalytiques du front de transition. Cette physique non-lineaire denote un comportement actif du cristal, par suite d’une subtile preparation autour d’un etat instable. Ces comportements rappellent les structures dissipatives de Turing et ouvrent des perspectives fascinantes pour cette thematique, tant sur le plan experimental que theorique.
Phosphoisoprenoids Modulate Association of Rab Geranylgeranyltransferase with REP-1*

Rab geranylgeranyltransferase (RabGGTase or GGTase-II) catalyzes the post-translational prenylation of Rab proteins. Rab proteins are recognized as substrates only when they are complexed to Rab Escort Protein (REP). The classical model of prenylation complex assembly assumes initial formation of the Rab·REP binary complex, which subsequently binds to RabGGTase loaded with the isoprenoid donor geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGpp). We demonstrate here that REP-1 can also associate with RabGGTase in the absence of Rab protein and that this interaction is dramatically strengthened by the presence of phosphoisoprenoids such as GGpp. The GGpp-dependent interaction between RabGGTase and REP-1 was observed using affinity precipitations and gel filtration and was quantitated on the basis of fluorescence assays. In the presence of GGpp, REP-1 binds to RabGGTase with a K d value of ∼10 nm, while in its absence the affinity between the two proteins is in the micromolar range. We further demonstrate that binding of Rab7 to the RabGGTase·GGpp·REP-1 complex occurs without prior dissociation of REP-1. Analysis of binding and prenylation rate constants indicate that the RabGGTase·GGpp·REP-1 complex can function as a kinetically competent intermediate of the prenylation reaction. We conclude that, depending on the prevailing concentrations, binding of REP-1 to RabGGTase in the presence of GGpp may serve as an alternative pathway for the assembly of the prenylation machinery in vivo. Implications of these findings for the role of REP-1 in the prenylation reaction are discussed.
Eugenol Triggers Different Pathobiological Effects on Human Oral Mucosal Fibroblasts 1

Pathobiological effects of eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol), a major constituent of betel quid (BQ), were studied on oral mucosal fibroblasts. At a concentration higher than 3 mmol/L, eugenol was cytotoxic to oral mucosal fibroblasts in a concentration-and time-dependent manner. Cell death was associated with intracellular depletion of glutathione (GSH). Most of the GSH was depleted prior to the onset of cell death. At concentrations of 3 mmol/L and 4 mmol/L, eugenol depleted about 45% and 77% of GSH after one-hour incubation. In addition, eugenol decreased cellular ATP level in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Eugenol also inhibited lipid peroxidation. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation was partially explained by its dose-dependent inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity. The IC50 of eugenol on xanthine oxidase activity was about 0.3 mmol/L. No DNA strand break activity for eugenol was found at concentrations between 0.5 and 3 mmol/L. Taken together, frequent exposure of oral mucosa to a high concentration of eugenol during the chewing of BQ might be involved in the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis and oral cancer via its cytotoxicity. In contrast, eugenol at a concentration less than 1 mmol/L might protect cells from the genetic attack of reactive oxygen species via inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity and lipid peroxidation.
Théorie des plaques, déplacement complémentaire et plaques stratifiées

Expose de synthese sur la theorie des plaques. Les six premiers chapitres sont une presentation assez personnelle de la theorie classique. La notion mathematique de moment d'une mesure y joue un role essentiel, meme si, d'ordinaire, on la laisse implicite. Les quelques precisions d'analyse fonctionnelle devraient repondre aux questions naturelles des amateurs de mathematiques. Enfin le chapitre 6 donne une presentation des estimations classiques des contraintes de cisaillement, avec un hommage special a la methode mixte de E. Reissner tres originale pour l'epoque (1945). Les deux derniers chapitres decrivent la methode du deplacement complementaire et ses resultats pour les plaques stratifiees.
Analyzing Gene-Gene Interactions through a Renormalization of the Ising Model

To study how gene-gene interactions may be controlled, and driven toward particular gene states, an Ising model has been proposed to model genes as binary interacting spins. To determine the effect of ‘clamping’ the states of particular genes requires accounting for the other interactions in the network through the renormalization scheme proposed in this thesis.
Investigating the Effect of Social Media on Trust Building in Customer-supplier Relationships

Trust is a concept that has been widely studied in e-commerce since it represents a key issue in building successful customer-supplier relationships. In this sense, social software represents a powerful channel for establishing a direct communication with customers. As a consequence, companies are now investing in social media for building their social digital brand and strengthening relationships with their customers. In this paper we investigate the role of social media in the process of trust building, with particular attention to the case of small companies. Our findings show that social media contribute to build affective trust more than traditional websites, by fostering the affective commitment of customers.
Color Doppler hemodynamics of giant cell arteritis.

OBJECTIVES To determine quantitative and qualitative hemodynamic alterations within the ophthalmic, central retinal, and short posterior ciliary arteries in patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA) proved by biopsy specimen. DESIGN, PATIENTS, AND SETTING A consecutive case series of patients with GCA referred to an urban eye hospital who were evaluated with color Doppler imaging that was used to analyze orbital blood flow velocities and vascular resistance in 22 consecutive patients with GCA compared with age and sex-matched controls. RESULTS Patients with GCA all demonstrated significantly reduced central retinal and short posterior ciliary arterial mean flow velocities as well as significantly increased vascular resistance compared with matched controls. Ophthalmic artery mean flow velocity demonstrated marked variation depending on the anatomic location studied. Other color Doppler imaging characteristics of GCA included the following: ophthalmic artery aliasing (high velocity and turbulent flow at presumed focal vasculitic stenoses), reversal of flow within the ophthalmic artery, reduced and truncated time-velocity waveforms of the central retinal and short posterior ciliary arteries, and absolute deficits of flow within the central retinal and short posterior ciliary arteries. Aliasing of flow velocity within the ophthalmic artery (two patients) was associated with clinical progression of GCA. CONCLUSIONS These data support the concept that quantitative and qualitative alterations in blood flow or pathophysiologic mechanisms of visual loss in GCA. This technique may be useful in the diagnosis and management of GCA since some of the color Doppler waveforms observed in GCA have not been seen in non-arteritic optic neuropathy. Treatment with corticosteroids often appears to stop the progression of these hemodynamic abnormalities but generally does not improve preexisting vascular abnormalities.
Current Status and Future Trends in Frequency-Response Analysis With a Transformer in Service

This paper presents the current status and future trends in the application of the frequency-response analysis (FRA) technique with the transformer in service (online) through bibliographic review and analysis. As a result, three basic stages of the online FRA test have been identified and defined: injection and excitation signal measurement; recording, filtering and processing of measured signals; and curve analysis and interpretation. This work presents an overview of the online FRA technique, useful for subsequent research in this area.
Analysis of coupling in two dimensional photonic crystal waveguides

The behaviour of a straight two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguides is analysed. Considering the two guides as a single system, we implement a photonic crystal directional coupler with micrometer dimensions. By fitting the interaction region separating the waveguide cores, composed of dielectric rods, we demonstrate that a suitable designing of the geometry of the interaction region separating the waveguide cores, composed of dielectric rods allows a more efficient coupling. We show that with only one row between the two parallel waveguides either than two rows, we can reduce the coupling length and increase the coupling coefficient of coupler.
Toxin entry: how bacterial proteins get into mammalian cells

Certain bacteria secrete protein toxins that catalytically modify and disrupt essential processes in mammalian cells, often leading to cell death. As the substrates modified by these toxins are located in the mammalian cell cytosol, a catalytically active toxin polypeptide must reach this compartment in order to act. The toxins bind to receptors on the surface of susceptible cells and enter them by endocytic uptake. Endocytosed toxins initially accumulate in endosomes, where some of these proteins take advantage of the acidic environment within these organelles to form, or contribute to the formation of, protein‐conducting channels through which the catalytic polypeptide is able to translocate into the cytosol. Other toxins are unable to respond to low pH in this way and must undergo intracellular vesicular transport to reach a compartment where pre‐existing protein‐conducting channels occur and can be exploited for membrane translocation — the endoplasmic reticulum. In this way, cell entry by this second group of toxins demonstrates that the secretory pathway of mammalian cells is completely reversible.
A few things about hyperimaginaries and stable forking

En esta tesis se da de manera explicita una metrica para un tipo de espacio compacto Hausdorff que se encuentra de manera ubiquitaria en teorias de primer orden. Tambien se dan ejemplos de teorias de primer orden en las cuales se encuentran grupos compactos isomorfos a los grupos ortogonales, espcial ortogonales, y unitarios. En los anos 90 Pillay y Lascar probaron la eliminacion de hiperimaginarios acotados por hiperimaginarios finitarios. Su prueba pasa de manera crucial por el hecho que un grupo compacto Hausdorff es un limite inverso de grupos de Lie. Intentamos proporcionar una prueba sin pasar por la estructura de los grupos compactos. Tambien se pruba que una teoria simple T tiene la propiedad de la bifurcacion estable si y solo si T^eq la tiene. Finalmente, se expone un posible enlace entre la teoria categorica de Galois (morfismos de bajada Galois en un contexto muy general) y la teoria de modelos.
Multi-level classification of emotional body expression

Bodily expression of emotion is recently receiving a growing interest, in particular regarding the study of bodily expression of emotions in daily actions such as walking or knocking at the door. However, previous studies tend to focus on a limited range of actions or emotions. Based on a new motion capture database of emotional body expression in daily actions, we propose a deeper analysis of the expression of emotions in body movement based on different emotions, actions and a wide range of low-level body cues. Random Forest approach is applied to investigate the classification of emotions in different movement tasks and to study the contribution of different types of body cues to the classification of each expressed emotion.
Factor H, a regulator of complement activity, is a major determinant of meningococcal disease susceptibility in UK Caucasian patients

Defence against Neisseria meningitidis involves complement-mediated bactericidal activity. Factor H (fH) down-regulates complement activation. A putatively functional single-nucleotide-polymorphism (SNP) exists within a presumed nuclear-factor-kappa-B responsive element (NF-kB) in the fH gene (C-496T). Genetic and functional investigations were carried out to determine whether C-496T has a role in meningococcal disease (MD) susceptibility. Genetic susceptibility was investigated in 2 independent studies, a case-control and family-based transmission-disequilibrium-test (TDT), using 2 separate cohorts of UK Caucasian patients. MD susceptibility was both genetically associated with the C/C homozygous genotype (OR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.3 – 3.2, p = 0.001) and linked to the C allele (p = 0.04), the association being most significant in serogroup C infected patients (OR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.6 – 5.5, p = 0.0002). FH serum concentrations were also associated with C-496T genotype, with highest fH concentrations in C/C homozygous individuals (p = 0.01). Functional studies showed NF-kappa-B binding to the C-496T-containing region and that pre-incubation of fH with meningococci reduced bactericidal activity and increased meningococci B and C survival in blood. This study shows that C-496T is both associated and linked with MD and that individuals possessing the fH C-496T C/C genotype are more likely to have increased serum fH protein levels, have reduced bactericidal activity against meningococci and be at an increased risk of contracting MD.
Cyclic di‐AMP mediates biofilm formation

Cyclic di‐AMP (c‐di‐AMP) is an emerging second messenger in bacteria. It has been shown to play important roles in bacterial fitness and virulence. However, transduction of c‐di‐AMP signaling in bacteria and the role of c‐di‐AMP in biofilm formation are not well understood. The level of c‐di‐AMP is modulated by activity of di‐adenylyl cyclase that produces c‐di‐AMP and phosphodiesterase (PDE) that degrades c‐di‐AMP. In this study, we determined that increased c‐di‐AMP levels by deletion of the pdeA gene coding for a PDE promoted biofilm formation in Streptococcus mutans. Deletion of pdeA upregulated expression of gtfB, the gene coding for a major glucan producing enzyme. Inactivation of gtfB blocked the increased biofilm by the pdeA mutant. Two c‐di‐AMP binding proteins including CabPA (SMU_1562) and CabPB (SMU_1708) were identified. Interestingly, only CabPA deficiency inhibited both the increased biofilm formation and the upregulated expression of GtfB observed in the pdeA mutant. In addition, CabPA but not CabPB interacted with VicR, a known transcriptional factor that regulates expression of gtfB, suggesting that a signaling link between CabPA and GtfB through VicR. Increased biofilm by the pdeA deficiency also enhanced bacterial colonization of Drosophila in vivo. Taken together, our studies reveal a new role of c‐di‐AMP in mediating biofilm formation through a CabPA/VicR/GtfB signaling network in S. mutans.
The adoption of the principle of codification : Ecclesiological significance with special reference to reception. Author's reply

L'A. du premier article traite du principe de codification, (utilisation d'un code et concepts qui ont accompagne son developpement) qu'il examine d'abord dans le contexte de la pensee juridique europeenne. Il examine ensuite son importance dans le droit canonique en relation avec les codifications de 1917, 1983 et 1990 et met en relief la double ideologie qui est derriere le principe de codification. Le second article contient des remarques critiques et additionnelles.
On the relationships between electron spot size, focal spot size, and virtual source position in Monte Carlo simulations.

PURPOSE Every year, new radiotherapy techniques including stereotactic radiosurgery using linear accelerators give rise to new applications of Monte Carlo (MC) modeling. Accurate modeling requires knowing the size of the electron spot, one of the few parameters to tune in MC models. The resolution of integrated megavoltage imaging systems, such as the tomotherapy system, strongly depends on the photon spot size which is closely related to the electron spot. The aim of this article is to clarify the relationship between the electron spot size and the photon spot size (i.e., the focal spot size) for typical incident electron beam energies and target thicknesses. METHODS Three electron energies (3, 5.5, and 18 MeV), four electron spot sizes (FWHM = 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mm), and two tungsten target thicknesses (0.15 and 1 cm) were considered. The formation of the photon beam within the target was analyzed through electron energy deposition with depth, as well as photon production at several phase-space planes placed perpendicular to the beam axis, where only photons recorded for the first time were accounted for. Photon production was considered for "newborn" photons intersecting a 45 x 45 cm2 plane at the isocenter (85 cm from source). Finally, virtual source position and "effective" focal spot size were computed by back-projecting all the photons from the bottom of the target intersecting a 45 x 45 cm2 plane. The virtual source position and focal spot size were estimated at the plane position where the latter is minimal. RESULTS In the relevant case of considering only photons intersecting the 45 x 45 cm2 plane, the results unambiguously showed that the effective photon spot is created within the first 0.25 mm of the target and that electron and focal spots may be assumed to be equal within 3-4%. CONCLUSIONS In a good approximation photon spot size equals electron spot size for high energy X-ray treatments delivered by linear accelerators.
Live imaging system for visualizing nuclear pore complex (NPC) formation during interphase in mammalian cells

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are ‘supramolecular complexes’ on the nuclear envelope assembled from multiple copies of approximately 30 different proteins called nucleoporins (Nups) that provide aqueous channels for nucleocytoplasmic transport during interphase. Although the structural aspects of NPCs have been characterized in detail, NPC formation and its regulation, especially during interphase, are poorly understood. In this study, using the temperature‐sensitive RCC1 mutant tsBN2, a baby hamster kidney 21 cell line, we found that a lack of RCC1 activity inhibited NPC formation during interphase, suggesting that RanGTP is required for NPC formation during interphase in mammalian cells. Utilizing the reversible RCC1 activity in tsBN2 cells, we established a live‐cell system that allows for the inhibition or initiation of NPC formation by changes in temperature. Our system enables the examination of NPC formation during interphase in living cells. As a lack of RCC1 decreased some Nups containing unstructured phenylalanine–glycine repeats in the NPC structure, we propose that RCC1 is also involved in maintaining NPC integrity during interphase in mammalian cells.
Links in the chain.

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Mutual Timing: An Essential Component of Provider/Patient Communication

Purpose To present a concept clarification in an effort to give a name to a commonly experienced but poorly understood communication process: mutual timing. Data Sources Extensive literature review of scientific and nursing literature; relevant theories; standardized process for concept clarification as delineated in the literature. Conclusions Good communication involves many familiar concepts, including good eye contact, attentive listening and the use of silence and touch. Mutual timing is the difference‐making moment, creating common ground in the midst of engagement. Concept clarification is a critical step to understanding important practice concepts. Wedding the concept to everyday practice provides the beginning for development of guidelines, which can be used by nurse practitioners (NPs) for making decisions while caring for patients. Implications for Practice Nursing has claimed to be privy to a special relationship with patients that differs from other health care professions. When asked to differentiate their care from that of physicians, NPs are often quoted as valuing the psychosocial aspect of care and stressing the importance of their relationship with patients. Many NPs define themselves in terms of relationship, emphasizing strong moral obligations and mutual commitments with their patients. One of the core processes of the effective patient/provider relationship is good communication.