Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NUMERICAL COMPUTATION OF THE CAPACITANCE FOR THE SPHERICAL CAPACITOR

Numerical computation methods are frequently introduced to the undergraduate Electrical Engineering student in the course in electromagnetic theory. In this note, we demonstrate that a spherical capacitor can firstly be solved analytically and then compared with an easily model obtained by numerical solution [2]. In this study, a three-dimensional model represents a capacitance for the spherical capacitor.
Biochemical Analysis of Diel Vertical Migration in the Red Tide Dinoflagellate Karenia brevis

Schaeffer, Blake Allen. Biochemical Analysis of Diel Vertical Migration in the Red Tide Dinoflagellate Karenia brevis. (Under the direction of Daniel Kamykowski.) Many laboratories have solely used the Wilson isolate to characterize the red tide dinoflagellate species Karenia brevis. Recent work has provided new isolates from different geographical locations. Prior to detailed biochemical investigations, laboratory studies were conducted on ten different isolates representing geographical locations around the coast of Florida. The investigation of the physiological parameters for the ten different isolates provided a foundation for the proper selection of a single isolate that would closely represent the species in the field. Each isolate was capable of a range of responses with primary dependence on cell counts within the cultures. Evidence suggests that either carbon limitation or bacterial negative feedback caused changes in the physiological parameters as cell counts increased. The Apalachicola isolate was selected for further biochemical investigations because it was representative of the group response. A nutrient-replete intermediate-light mesocosm experiment investigated the taxis patterns, and the biochemical composition of vertically migrating K. brevis populations. This experiment confirmed the internal biochemical status of the cell controlled migratory behavior, growth and reproduction. Young cells fixed carbon at the surface while older cells limited vertical migration toward the middle depth in anticipation of cellular division. The cells were capable of performing complex lipid control during vertical migration. Quick turnover of these lipids indicated K. brevis was more than capable of taking advantage of changing physical conditions. Finally, nutrient replete and deplete mesocosms investigated how K. brevis responded to field-simulated high light conditions. Results from high light and nitrogenlimited exposure suggested K. brevis may utilize the benthos by minimizing exposure to oxidative stress and as a nitrogen source supplied from benthic pore-water flow in permeable sediments. High light also caused K. brevis to increase toxin concentrations while decreasing its sterol lipid class concentrations. This response caused K. brevis to be more toxic at particular times of the day. Data from this experiment led to the conclusion that cell division yielded unequal daughter cells. Biochemical Analysis of Diel Vertical Migration in the Red Tide Dinoflagellate Karenia brevis by Blake Allen Schaeffer A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Raleigh 2006 APPROVED BY: __________________________________ ______________________________ Daniel Kamykowski Committee Member Chair of Advisory Committee Hosni Hassan __________________________________ ______________________________ Committee Member Committee Member John Morrison Gary Kirkpatrick
University of Birmingham Heterogeneous substitution systems revisited

Matthes and Uustalu (TCS 327(1–2):155–174, 2004) presented a categorical description of sub-stitution systems capable of capturing syntax involving binding which is independent of whether the syntax is made up from least or greatest ﬁxed points. We extend this work in two directions: we continue the analysis by creating more categorical structure, in particular by organizing sub-stitution systems into a category and studying its properties, and we develop the proofs of the results of the cited paper and our new ones in UniMath , a recent library of univalent mathematics formalized in the Coq theorem prover.
The Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Chronic Liver Disease: A Single-Center Study

Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in Nepalese patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). Methods In this study, HRQOL was measured with validated Nepali versions of the short-form 36 (SF-36) survey. Socioeconomic factors, etiology, laboratory parameters, disease severity, and self-rated health perceptions on HRQOL were recorded for analysis. Results Sixty CLD patients were enrolled in the study. The following HRQOL scores were obtained: physical functioning (PF) (34.4 ±26.7), role limitation due to physical health (RLPH) (7.5 ±17.8), role limitation due to emotional problems (RLEP) (27.7 ±38.2), energy or fatigue (E/F) (38.5 ±21.5), emotional well-being (EWB) (57.7 ±22.8), social functioning (SF) (55.2 ±23.5), pain (44.8 ±30.3), and general health (GH) (38.2 ±17). Employed status and higher annual family income had a positive impact on HRQOL. Ascites and abnormal upper gastrointestinal endoscopic findings were associated with poor health status perceptions. More severe disease (higher Child-Pugh class) was associated with lower HRQOL scores. A significant negative correlation between the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score and HRQOL domains was observed (p: <0.05). Age, gender, religion, education, and duration of the diagnosis of CLD had no effect on HRQOL of CLD patients. Conclusion HRQOL in patients with CLD was lower than that in the general population. Unemployed status, low annual family income, ascites, abnormal upper gastrointestinal endoscopic findings, and higher Child-Pugh class and MELD scores were important factors that adversely affected HRQOL.
Effect of processing on phytate degradation and mineral solubility in pulses

Phytate (IP6) degradation was studied for 6 commonly consumed legumes, processed by 5 different domestic methods viz., roasting, germination, pressure cooking, roasting-cum-pressure cooking and germination-cum-pressure cooking, using gradient elution ion exchange chromatography. The changes due to processing on in vitro solubility of zinc, copper and iron were determined by simulating gastro intestinal conditions and using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results indicated statistically significant reduction of IP6 due to roasting (43%) and germination of legumes (36%), while pressure cooking alone did not show any significant effect. This effect was varying with the type of legume and Bengalgram and moth bean exhibited the highest and cowpea and lentil the lowest phytate degradation. Changes in solubility of the minerals were larger in case of roasting and germination than pressure cooking alone. However, these changes were not statistically significant as compared to raw grains.
CALLUS INDUCTION AND PLANT REGENERATION FROM SHOOT TIPS OF CHAKUNDA (Cassia obtusifolia L.)

Hasan M. F. , Das R. , Rahman M. S. Rashid M. H. Hossain M. S. and Rahman M. 2008. Callus Induction and Plant Regeneration from Shoot Tips of Chakunda (Cassia obtusifolia L.). Int. J. Sustain. Crop Prod. 3(6): 6-10 The present investigation was conducted at Professor Ali Md. Eunus Laboratory, Depertment of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, during the period of April to December 2007. The experiment was carried out to develop an efficient protocol for regeneration of chakunda (Cassia obtusifolia L.) via callus culture from shoot tips, rooting of callus derived shoots and establishment onto the natural condition. Different concentrations and combinations of auxin and cytokinin were used in full strength ofmedium to observe the callus induction, shoot regeneration and root proliferation. The highest percentage of callus induction was 96.6% observed in the medium supplemented with 2.0 mg1 -1 2,4-D. The highest number of shoots was 5.0 found in the medium having 2.0 mg1 -1 2.4-D+0.2 mg1 -1 Kn. The highest percentage of root induction was 80.0% and the highest number of roots per shoot was 5.0 observed in MS medium consisting of 2.0 mg1 -1 NAA. Well rooted plantlets were acclimatized and successfully established onto the natural condition with 70% survival. Regenerated plantlets were morphologically uniform having normal leaf shape and growth.
S0954579419001536jra 1..6

We investigated whether children born preterm are at risk for language delay using a sibling-control design in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Participants included 26,769 siblings born between gestational weeks 23 and 42. Language delay was assessed when the children were 1.5, 3, and 5 years old. To adjust for familial risk factors, comparisons were conducted between preterm and full-term siblings. Pregnancy-specific risk factors were controlled for by means of observed variables. Findings showed that preterm children born before week 37 had increased risk for language delays at 1.5 years. At 3 and 5 years, only children born before week 34 had increased risk for language delay. Children born weeks 29–33 and before week 29 had increased risk for language delay at 1.5 years (RR = 4.51, 95% CI [3.45, 5.88]; RR = 10.32, 95% CI [6.7, 15.80]), 3 years (RR = 1.50, 95% CI [1.02, 2.21]; RR = 2.78, 95% CI [1.09, 7.07]), and 5 years (RR = 1.63, 95% CI [1.06, 2.51]; RR = 2.98, 95% CI [0.87, 10.26]), respectively. In conclusion, children born preterm are at risk for language delays, with familial confounders only explaining a moderate share of the association. This suggests a cause-effect relationship between early preterm birth and risk for language delay in preschool children.
Morphologic and Transcriptomic Response to Weed Pressure in Multiple Maize (Zea mays L.) Selections and Teosinte (Zea mays L. ssp parviglumis) Lines

MORPHOLOGIC AND TRANSCRIPTOMIC RESPONSE TO WEED PRESSURE IN MULTIPLE MAIZE (Zea mays L.) SELECTIONS AND TEOSINTE (Zea mays L. ssp parviglumis) LINES STEPHANIE A. BRUGGEMAN 2016 Sweet corn (Zea mays L. convar. saccharata var. rugosa) and modern dent variants (field maize, Zea mays L. indentata) have varying degrees of weed tolerance (ability to maintain yield under weed stress). Maize retains ~30% of its ancestral teosinte’s (Zea mays ssp parviglumis) genetic base. Transcriptomic response to weed pressure in maize and teosinte can lead to manipulation of the maize genome to minimize crop yield loss due to weed presence. In maize and teosinte under weed-free and weedstressed conditions, the objectives of this study were: 1) to evaluate transcriptomic responses of 2 teosinte lines; 2) to evaluate transcriptomic response in 5 maize selections in 4 different growing seasons; 3) to determine if mid-season growth parameters (chlorophyll, height, stem diameter, leaf area, or biomass) correlate with crop tolerance; and, 4) to compare and contrast transcriptomic responses among maize and teosinte selections. Four maize selections and 2 teosinte lines suffered grain yield (maize) or harvest biomass (teosinte) loss due to weed stress ranging from 13-44%. Each evaluated selection had a unique response to weeds, with 3 gene ontologies (jasmonic acid response/signaling, UDP-glucosyl and glucuronyltransferases, and quercetin glucosyltransferase) common to all selections evaluated. These common ontologies were
Leadership Styles between Cambodian and Chinese Managers 2018 Master of Enterprise Management

Cambodia has failed into a so-called terrible domestic war from 1975 to 1979 when many educated people miserably died. Since then, it has been struggling to survive little by little through the donation of foreign countries. Because lots of human resources were destroyed, the country seems to be lacking of proper leadership. On the contrary, China, the most populous country in the world, has recently become the second world biggest economy due to having enough human resource, good leadership styles and well-structured management. It has been always important to find out the differences and similarities of the two countries, Cambodia and China, in terms of leadership styles and management concepts so that some practical experiences that Cambodia used to run into have to be implemented or altered for the sake of developing Cambodia into a so-called developed country in a short future.
ANAEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS IN AMPHIBIAN DEVELOPMENT

1. R. pipiens embryos, and gastrula-arrested hybrid embryos obtained by fertilizing R. pipiens eggs with R. sylvatica sperm, begin to produce lactic acid, without initial lag, as soon as they are deprived of oxygen.2. Provided that they are younger than about 72 hours (18° C.), embryos of both types are able to sustain the initial rate of glycolysis for at least four hours. Older embryos of both types exhibit a linear production of lactic acid for at least one hour.3. The development of glycolytic capacity in R. pipiens embryos occurs in two phases: one of constant glycolytic rate (0-59 hrs.), the other of exponentially increasing glycolytic rate (59-140 hrs.). 4. The glycolytic rates of hybrid embryos decline from the normal control value at fertilization to about one-fifth of the control value at 59 hours, then increase to about one-eleventh of the control value at 140 hours.
The use of transgenic plants for the control of insect pests

Crop protection plays an integral role in modern-day agricultural production where the ever increasing demands on yield and the intensification of farming practice have increased the problem of pest damage, and hence control. Transgenic plant technology can provide a major contribution to the production of inherently resistant/tolerant varieties since it opens up a virtually limitless source of germplasm variability from which to select insect control genes for introduction into elite crop varieties. Several different classes of plant proteins have been shown to be insecticidal towards a range of economically important insect pests from different orders, and genes encoding these proteins have been isolated from various sources and expressed in crops. Amongst these genes are those that encode inhibitors of proteases and α-amylases, lectins, and enzymes such as chitinases and lipoxygenases. The mechanisms of toxicity of plant proteins towards insects are not well understood, and at least in the case of protease inhibitors insects are able to respond and adapt to these toxins. Better understanding of the mechanisms of action of insecticidal plant proteins would enable their effectiveness as protective agents to be increased. The response of lepidopteran larvae to ingestion of soya bean Kunitz inhibitor has also been studied, and involves complex changes to expression of a family of serine protease-encoding genes. Although selected for their potential to control insect pests, there is concern that these insecticidal proteins may also adversely effect beneficial insects at the tritrophic level. Recent work shows that one such protein, the snowdrop lectin (GNA), has no deleterious effects on the parasitoid Eulophus pennicornis and does not affect its ability to parasitise lepidopteran larvae. GNA was also shown not to be acutely toxic to 2-spot ladybirds.
Development of Geriatric foods for enhanced digestibility and nutrient availability

The study was aimed to develop four geriatric foods namely chapati, dalia, biscuits and bread from twenty eight ingredient mixes formulated with optimum amino acid makeup using malted cereals and legumes such as wheat, bajra, barley, oats, mungbean, soybean, bengal gram and cowpea. Malting significantly (p≤0.05) increased protein and amino acid content of selected cereals and legumes. The processing of grains resulted in 16-21% increase in protein digestibility, 14-25% increase in starch digestibility and 5-12% increase in iron availability while phytate and phenol were reduced by 22-43% and 23-50%, respectively. Six ingredient mixes for chapati, eight for dalia, seven for biscuits and four for bread were organoleptically at par with their control counterparts. Nutritional analysis of the developed products revealed that all the products were significantly (p≤0.05) high in protein, fibre, ash and low in carbohydrates. The available lysine was significantly (p≤0.05) higher in all the products whereas methionine and cystine were comparable to their control counterparts. A significant increase was observed in in vitro protein digestibility, in vitro starch digestibility and in vitro iron bioavailability of all the developed products with significant reduction in anti-nutritional components viz. phytate and phenols. Storage studies upto three months revealed non-significant difference in sensory attributes, moisture content and fat acidity value. A survey on eighty institutionalized and noninstitutionalized elderly revealed that dietary intake of protein was significantly (p≤0.05) and positively correlated with muscle mass whereas negatively correlated with fat mass. The mean physical activity level (PAL) of the elderly ranged between 1.40 1.69. Maximum diversity was found in the diets of non-institutionalized elderly. Dalia prepared from ingredient mix comprising of whole wheat (62%), barley (21%) and mungbean (17%) accepted on the basis of organoleptic and nutritional characteristics was selected for supplementation trial of 12 weeks duration to 50% of selected institutionalized and non-institutionalized elderly. Muscle mass increased significantly by (p≤0.05) by 5.5 and 4.1% in experimental males of both group and by 2.2% in noninstitutionalized females (E) whereas fat mass decreased by 9.5 and 6.6% in institutionalized and 8.8 and 26.1% in non-institutionalized males and females of experimental group, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in changes of anthropometric parameters. The developed products with enhanced protein quality and optimum amino acid makeup can be effectively incorporated in the daily diets of elderly.
Identification of differentially expressed ripening-related cDNA clones from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) using tomato EST array

Qualitative changes in ripening tomato fruits are invariably associated with differential gene expression mediated by the phytohormone ethylene and certain developmental and environmental cues. In the present study, we compared, using the tomato expressed sequence tag (EST) array, the cDNA expression patterns of 'breaker'-stage fruits of two cultivars, Pusa Ruby and Pusa Uphar (DT-2), which significantly differed in their rate of ripening and shelf-life. Screening of bacterial EST micro-array filters revealed the presence of 1536 differentially expressed cDNA clones, among which 200 were found up-regulated and 42 down-regulated. The results revealed significant differences in the ripening-related gene expression between the two cultivars which differed in the rate of ripening, and demonstrated the utility of EST-screening approaches as an initial step towards identifying key genes that affect fruit storability, shelf-life and post-harvest characteristics.
Intraspecific variation in climate‐relevant traits in a tropical rainforest lizard

The exceptionally rich biodiversity found in tropical rainforest is under threat from anthropogenic climate change. We recognize the threat, yet we have little knowledge of the capacity of tropical species to adjust their climate sensitivity in response to it. One indicator of a species’ capacity to adjust to different climates is the amount of intraspecific variation observed in its climate‐relevant traits; if a climate‐relevant trait varies, and this variation is correlated with local climates, it suggests the species can adjust the trait to different conditions through either phenotypic plasticity or evolutionary adaptation. Here, we test for intraspecific variation in climate‐relevant traits in a rainforest specialist to shed light on the capacity of such species to adjust to different climates.
An Industrial View of Azospirillum Inoculants: Formulation and Application Technology

Azospirillum is probably the most studied non-symbiotic N2-fixer because of its well-known properties of root-growth promotion demonstrated on a very broad range of plant species. The inoculum formulation and application technology are obviously impor tant parameters conditioning the consistency of field results. They are crucial for the development of commercial Azospirillum inoculants, which have been slow to make a significant impact on the market. Optimization of biomass production and downstream processes of formulation are examined for peat-based products and polymer-encapsulated inoculants. The usefulness of a dehydration process related to the problem of survival during storage for a maximum shelf-life is dis cussed. The advantages and drawbacks of the main application methods, slurry pre-mix with seeds, seed coating, delivery of microgranules and liquid spreading are presented. Finally the industrial, marketing and legal requirements for a successful commercial life of an Azospirillum inoculant for crops are introduced.
Favourable areas for co‐occurrence of parapatric species: niche conservatism and niche divergence in Iberian tree frogs and midwife toads

The study of areas of sympatry of species with predominantly parapatric distributions can provide valuable insights into their evolutionary history and the factors shaping patterns of species co‐occurrence. This information is key in biogeography, evolutionary biology and conservation planning. In this study we analyse the distributions of two pairs of partially co‐occurring congeneric amphibian species: tree frogs (Hyla molleri and H. meridionalis) and midwife toads (Alytes obstetricans and A. cisternasii).
Determining the Presence, Genetic Variability, and Function of Cytolethal Distending Toxin in Samoa Strains of Haemophilus Ducreyi

Haemophilus ducreyi is the causative agent of the genital ulcerative disease chancroid. Chancroid is an important facilitator for increased transmission of HIV amongst heterosexuals. Chancroid is endemic to Asia, Africa, and Latin America, but there have been several outbreaks within the United States. Chancroidal ulcers are categorized as soft, painful, bloody ulcers that may remain chronic if untreated. H. ducreyi produces and secretes a cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) that causes various cell types to undergo cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. The CDT holotoxin consists of three genes: cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC. In 2006, the first report of nonsexual transmission of H. ducreyi was discovered in Samoa. Studies indicate the three children visiting the island had chronic lower extremity ulceration from the gram negative bacteria (Ussher, Wilson, Campanella, Taylor, & Roberts, 2007). The objective of this study therefore was to determine the presence, genetic variability, and functionality of cytolethal distending toxin in Samoa strains of H. ducreyi. To examine the presence of CDT, strains SB 5755, SB 5756, SB 57575, BE 3145, and 35000HP were subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). This technique concluded that 100% of the strains produced cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC. Gel electrophoresis determined approximate sizes of DNA fragments to be 750, 950, and 700 bp respectively. Each gene was cloned independently and transformed into pCR2.1-TOPO plasmid vectors. These genes were successfully amplified into chemically competent Mach1-T1 Escherichia coli cells. Sequence analysis was performed to verify the presence of cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC and to examine genetic differences amongst the strains. The Samoa strains were tested on horse blood agar plates (HBAP) to determine its ability to cause DNAse damage and lyses horse red blood cells. H. ducryei strain 35000HP demonstrated large zones of lysis. The Samoa strains all exhibited clear zones of lysis, but were not as prominent as the wildtype. Increasing knowledge of CDT