Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Establishment of a Cellular Model for Alzheimer's Disease by Overexpressing Swedish-Type Mutated APP695

The objective of this study is to establish a cellular model for investigating the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and it's risk factors. The full length cDNA fragment of Swedish-type mutated APP695 ( APP695sw ) was amplified by PCR and ligated into pcDNA3.1(+) vector to construct the recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1-APP695sw. The SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1-APP695sw by liposome-mediated method, and stable transfectants were selected in 800 mug/ml G418. Gene expression was examined with RT-PCR and Sandwich ELISA. The effects of APP695sw overexpression on SH-SY5Y were tested by growth curve assay and morphologic observation. Cell viability was measured with MTT assay at different time points. Restriction endonuclease digestion and sequencing analysis confirmed the authenticity of the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1-APP695sw; the production of Abeta1-40 and Abeta1-42 were remarkably enhanced in the pcDNA3.1-APP695sw transfected cells; there is no effect of APP695sw overexpression on cell morphology, meanwhile cell growth was postponed after APP695sw transfection. SH-SY5Y transfected with APP695sw can be used as the cellular model for the studies of pathogenesis and therapy in Alzheimer's disease.
Self, Identity, and Globalization in Times of Uncertainty: A Dialogical Analysis

Our era is witnessing an increasing impact of globalization on self and identity and at the same time a growing uncertainty. The experience of uncertainty motivates individuals and groups to find local niches for identity construction. This article's central tenet is that the processes of globalization and localization, as globalization's counterforce, require a dialogical conceptualization of self and identity in which global and local voices are involved in continuous interchanges and negotiations. This tenet is elaborated along 2 lines of argument. First, 3 factors are described as crucial to understanding the processes of globalization and localization on the individual level: the increasing number of voices and countervoices, the role of social power, and the role of emotions. Second, the authors argue that the apparent tension between the widening horizons of globalization and the need for local niches requires acknowledgment of the pervasive influence of biologically based needs for stability, safety, and security. Finally, the authors propose studying self and identity on 3 levels—individual, local, and global—and some lines of research at the interface of these levels.
认知的桎梏：从稳定型财务业绩到企业过度投资 ——基于中国上市公司的证据 [Cognitive shackles: from Consistency of financial performance to Corporate Over-investment ——Evidence-based China Listed Companies]

Compare with the rate of development of human society , human biological evolution and behavioral pattern change very slowly ,thus human has to use “raw” cognitive pattern which cause bias to process modern information. To study the problem of Corporate Over-investment based on Heuristic Theory , this paper based on the behavior perspective. Based on Richandson (2006) model , using 2001 to 2012 data of China listed companies , we find that : when company shows consistency of high financial performance ( 1 ) due to the Self-attribution Bias, the level of confidence will increase, then exacerbate over-investment ; ( 2 ) due to Representative Bias and Conservatism Bias, causing the decision-making process related to information processing bias, over-investment will be intensified ; ( 3 ) based on the use of executive compensation and corporate risk levels to measure overconfidence , overconfidence will aggravate this distortion .
Detection of Four Germ Cell Markers in Rats during Testis Morphogenesis: Differences and Similarities with Mice

Germ cells are the only cells capable of transmitting genetic information from generation to generation. Germ cell development has been widely studied in different species. Among mammals, the mouse is the model used in the majority of studies on germ cell differentiation, sex determination and genetics. In the present study, we suggest that the rat is also a very important model for the investigation of the mechanisms of germ cell development. To study rat germ cell development and compare it with that of mouse, the germ cell markers germ cell nuclear antigen 1 (GCNA1), OCT4, mouse vasa homologue (MVH) and specific surface embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA1) were immunolabeled at different phases of embryonic and postnatal development. SSEA1 and GCNA1 were not detected in rat primordial germ cells and fetal gonocytes. GCNA1 was detected postnatally and was present only in leptotene, zygotene and early pachytene spermatocytes. On the other hand, in mice, these markers were detected in germ cells as soon as 11.5 days postcoitum (dpc). MVH was detected in migrating rat primordial germ cells as well as in those that have already colonized the gonads, whereas in mice, MVH is detected only in germ cells that have reached the gonads. In rats, OCT4-positive germ cells were detected from 13 to 17 dpc, but not at 19 dpc or in postnatal testes. This is in contrast with mice that show OCT4 labeling in both embryonic and adult testes. These data suggest that primordial germ cell development in rats and mice shows considerable differences and that the rat may also be an important model to study the embryonic development of germ cells.
Membrane Requirements for Uridylylation of the Poliovirus VPg Protein and Viral RNA Synthesis In Vitro

ABSTRACT Efficient translation of poliovirus (PV) RNA in uninfected HeLa cell extracts generates all of the viral proteins required to carry out viral RNA replication and encapsidation and to produce infectious virus in vitro. In infected cells, viral RNA replication occurs in ribonucleoprotein complexes associated with clusters of vesicles that are formed from preexisting intracellular organelles, which serve as a scaffold for the viral RNA replication complex. In this study, we have examined the role of membranes in viral RNA replication in vitro. Electron microscopic and biochemical examination of extracts actively engaged in viral RNA replication failed to reveal a significant increase in vesicular membrane structures or the protective aggregation of vesicles observed in PV-infected cells. Viral, nonstructural replication proteins, however, bind to heterogeneous membrane fragments in the extract. Treatment of the extracts with nonionic detergents, a membrane-altering inhibitor of fatty acid synthesis (cerulenin), or an inhibitor of intracellular membrane trafficking (brefeldin A) prevents the formation of active replication complexes in vitro, under conditions in which polyprotein synthesis and processing occur normally. Under all three of these conditions, synthesis of uridylylated VPg to form the primer for initiation of viral RNA synthesis, as well as subsequent viral RNA replication, was inhibited. Thus, although organized membranous structures morphologically similar to the vesicles observed in infected cells do not appear to form in vitro, intact membranes are required for viral RNA synthesis, including the first step of forming the uridylylated VPg primer for RNA chain elongation.
Comparison of Neural Networks for Prediction of Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea (SA) is the most important and common component of sleep disorders which has several short term and long term side effects on health. There are several studies on automated SA detection but not too much works have been done on SA prediction. This paper discusses the application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict sleep apnea. Three types of neural networks were investigated: Elman, cascadeforward and feed-forward back propagation. We assessed the performance of the models using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, particularly the area under the ROC curves (AUC), and statistically compare the cross validated estimate of the AUC of different models. Based on the obtained results, generally cascade-forward model results are better with average of AUC around 80%.
Food Insecurity in the United States: An Overview

Approximately 13 million American children and 23 million adults live in food-insecure households—households where there is “limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate or safe foods”; and almost 10 million Americans experience hunger. During the past several decades, much progress has been made in our understanding of the prevalence, experience, and detrimental consequences of food insecurity and hunger for US families, adults, and children. This article reviews the latest research, offers a broad summary of the phenomena of food insecurity and hunger as they are experienced in the US, and proposes a policy-based research agenda for the future.
Introduction to the Feature on Problematic Data

The issue of problematic data in the organizational sciences is an area that is both interesting and, in a historical sense, somewhat neglected. We can all think back to our graduate school experiences in research methods classes and the effort that went in to teaching us about interesting and elegant procedures such as multiple regression, MANOVA, structural equations, factor analysis, and the like. We can also readily bring to mind individuals with careers that have contributed a great deal to our understanding of a variety of procedures (e.g., Frank Schmidt and Jack Hunter on metaanalysis, Larry James and his work on aggregating data, etc.). I suspect others, like myself, found such material in graduate school and in their academic careers both challenging and intriguing. Little did I suspect in graduate school, or early in my academic career, that the data that went into such procedures could, on occasion, be so unruly. The field of problematic data has been both coalescing and advancing in recent years. One only has to look back at the area of missing data to see this. In the early 1970s, much of the missing data research was driven by limited computer capabilities such that researchers were working with hardware constraints and trying to be efficient from both a hardware and statistical point of view. In recent years (with computer resources markedly increased), the field has been moving toward recommending the use of maximum likelihood and multiple imputations procedures for dealing with missing data. Substantial evidence of the latter point is seen in several articles in this feature. Each of the articles in this feature has its own story to tell about a particular portion of the realm of problematic data. Before proceeding to briefly give an overview of the individual contributions, let me note an important commonality in the articles (beyond their focus on problematic data). Simply put, the articles offer a wealth of practical advice as well as advance the body of knowledge of problematic data. For example, the three missing data articles discuss a variety of practical topics, from preventing missing data to reviewing options to handle the missing data to choosing the best option for handling missing data. On the topic of developing new measures for use in archival data sets, Payne, Finch, and Tremble also take the reader step by step through the process of how to use a construct equivalence approach to maximize research opportunities in archival data sets. I think this “dual contribution” approach typifies Organization Research Methods (ORM) as a journal and is one of its key strengths. As noted above, articles such as the one by Fichman and Cummings emphasize the promise of multiple imputation as one of the more viable approaches to missing data. Fichman and Cumming’s work converges and extends previous work in the area of
Adaptive Output Tracking for Nonlinear Network Control Systems with Time-Delay

The problem of adaptive output tracking is researched for a class of nonlinear network control systems with parameter uncertainties and time-delay. In this paper, a new program is proposed to design a state-feedback controller for this system. For time-delay and parameter uncertainties problems in network control systems, applying the backstepping recursive method, and using Young inequality to process the time-delay term of the systems, a robust adaptive output tracking controller is designed to achieve robust control over a class of nonlinear time-delay network control systems. According to Lyapunov stability theory, Barbalat lemma and Gronwall inequality, it is proved that the designed state feedback controller not only guarantees the state of systems is uniformly bounded, but also ensures the tracking error of the systems converges to a small neighborhood of the origin. Finally, a simulation example for nonlinear network control systems with parameter uncertainties and time-delay is given to illustrate the robust effectiveness of the designed state-feedback controller.
Caspase Activation in Alzheimer's Disease: Early to Rise and Late to Bed

It has been almost 15 years since the first report of apoptosis as a major mechanism of cell death associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Presently, whether neurons die through apoptosis or some other pathway is still a hotly debated issue. However, mounting evidence suggests a role for the activation of caspases and cleavage of critical cellular proteins during the progression of AD. The activation of apoptotic pathways may represent a protracted battle due to the presence of various anti-apoptotic molecules such as Bcl-2 whereby neurons do not immediately execute the apoptotic program but caspase activation occurs discretely at some low level. During this time, caspase cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), the adaptor protein GGA3 involved with beta-amyloid production, and tau may promote the formation of beta-amyloid (A beta) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Thus, not only may activation of caspases represent a terminal event associated with AD (i.e. cell death), but also a proximal event that promotes the pathology underlying this disease. Therefore, therapeutics aimed at preventing the activation and execution of apoptosis may provide an effective means of treating AD.
An Attitudinal Model to Determine the Export Intention of Non‐exporting, Small Manufacturers

Proposes and tests a model for determining export intention among non‐exporting small and medium‐sized manufacturers. The model posits that export intention is a function of three constructs: perceived competitive advantage, organizational readiness and perceived risk. Testing was done on a probability sample of Mexican firms. The results show that intention is explained only by organizational readiness. Explains the use of the organizational readiness concept both as a screening and as a diagnostic tool.
The role of financial innovations in the current global financial crisis

Several macroeconomic missteps such as global imbalance have been blamed for causing the current international financial crisis. Others have also blamed the excessive Wall Street greed for the crisis. While the above factors may have played a supporting role in the financial crisis, they were certainly not the primary causes of the crisis. The root cause of the current international financial crisis is the abuse of various innovative financial techniques and new investment instruments that have been developed. In recent decades, the pace of financial innovations has accelerated precipitously, which in turn has driven the explosive growth in both the size of global financial markets and its array of new financial products and techniques. The current crisis is primarily the direct result of the abuse of some of the latest and most innovative financial techniques, most of which are too esoteric and technical to be comprehended correctly by both government regulators and academic economists. Many crises are usually a byproduct of the cycle of financial innovations.
Multiple Interactive Authority Model

Summary Electronic Document authorization is a process of making an electronic document legally bind to the rules and regulation of an authorizing enterprise. The electronic document can be authorized with a single entity –a single person authorizing an electronic document and a group - more than one person is responsible for authorizing an electronic document. An authorizer in the enterprise can have single authority lets say ,power of purchase and can have multiple authority for example power of purchase ,power of sell etc. Whereas multiple interactive authorities means when in an electronic deal both sender and receiver uses multiple authorities instead of single authority. The interaction means the authorities from both sides are used in a single deal. This paper presents a multiple interactive authority model and multiple authority representation in XML and output in XSL.
Creativity and Entrepreneurial Efforts in an Emerging Economy

While much research has focused on entrepreneurship and creativity in developed economies, the notions of both topics are still embryonic in many emerging economies. This paper focuses on entrepreneurs in one such economy, Vietnam, to understand the perceptions of entrepreneurs about the role that innovation and creativity may play in their own entrepreneurial ventures and success. This is important because before reaping benefits from entrepreneurship, entrepreneurs need to decide when and on what conditions they start based on their calculations of required resources and predictions of likely outcomes. The research also sought to understand how "creativity," broadly applied ("innovation" and "creative performance") affects the ways that entrepreneurs think about and anticipate their own success and decisions. In essence, the study suggests that the higher the entrepreur’s creativity is, the more likely she or he is to start a new business and believe success will result. Future research could examine whether history, industry and geographic location matter in entrepreneurs’ perceptions as well as whether transition/emerging economies like Vietnam may have different views altogether about the two key concepts.
Plotting Brand Trajectories with The COMPETE PPM Package: A Market Segmentation Analysis and Positioning Tool

The COMPETE PPM Package (Version LO) is used by competing participant teams in the marketing simulation COMPETE (Faria, Nulsen, and Roussos 1994) to generate a product positioning map (Kotler 1994) and to plot their own and competing brand trajectories. This product-positioning map enables a competing firm to identify which brands are in the premium, high-value, penetration or rip-off strategy quadrants and to formulate a coherent marketing strategy. The product-positioning map is used together with VALS psychographic profiles and psycho-geo-demo-graphic segmentation data concerning the target market to position their brands appropriately.
Plane based multi camera calibration under unknown correspondence using ICP-like approach

In the present paper, we propose a plane based multi camera calibration method in the case that point correspondences among camera images are not given afore-hand. One can encounter this situation when calibrating a set of fixed cameras by observing a partial region of a large reference plane with a repeated pattern. Basically, all the camera parameters except relative poses are estimated by applying a homography based calibration to a set of observed reference planes in different poses for each camera. The problem is how to obtain fine correspondences among camera images to estimate the relative poses even though there were no common observed points. When a set of cameras simultaneously observe a part of a large reference plane with an infinitely repeating pattern, the problem can be considered as alignment of sets of the large reference planes in different pose observed by different cameras while optimizing camera parameters. Therefore, we integrate the iterative closest point (ICP) approach for estimating (virtual) corresponding points onto optimization process. This approach works well with the low quality initial value by a linear solver. Our experiment shows our method overwhelms a standard nonlinear optimization approach over the all camera parameters in corresponding point detection.
Ethical reforms initiated by multinationals after a crisis of governance: Case study *

The past 20 years have been marked by a significant number of scandals involving questionable, abusive or criminal commercial practices. One of the most striking examples was the bankruptcy of Enron, which involved accounting fraud aimed at concealing financial losses from certain speculative transactions. Such scandals were not limited to fraudulent financial practices; they also involved the use of child labour (Nike, Reebok, etc.), mismanagement (Nortel, Vivendi, etc.) or environmental issues (Total, BP, etc.). This type of behavior reflects the ‘wilding’ (Derber 2010) of certain commercial and financial practices resulting from the normative void caused by the State’s withdrawal from its regulatory role. The shift from government regulations to a market-driven regulatory process that started in the 1980s with the privatization, liberalization and deregulation processes created a normative void conducive to the development of such economic practices (Stiglitz 2003; Sales/Beschorner 2006). More recently, the international financial crisis demonstrated the wide-ranging, disastrous effects of capitalism whenever the market is the only regulatory force. These elements all demonstrate that taking ethics into consideration is not only a moral issue but also a condition for the sustainable operation of local, national and international commercial practices. The private sector response to these excesses involved various measures to reestablish confidence among the stakeholders and vis-à-vis public opinion. The first response came in the form of codes of conduct put in place by individual companies. Standards organizations then appeared, still in the private sector, including various institutional actors such as representatives of civil society or NGOs, universities, companies and so forth. These private sector organizations that produced standards
Nirula’s small business

This case is about a local food chain in India, Nirula’s. As McDonald’s penetrates New Delhi, Nirula’s is faced with unprecedented competition from abroad. The small enterprise must be globally competitive in order to sustain competition from global players who are forcing it into a formerly protected market. One strategic option for Nirula’s is to expand its plans for internationalisation.