Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Representation and Inference for Natural Language - a First Course in Computational Semantics

Computational semantics is the study of how to represent meaning in a way that computers can use. For the authors of this textbook, this study includes the representation of the meaning of natural language in logic formalisms, the recognition of certain relations that hold within this formalization (such as synonymy, consistency, and implication), and the computational implementation of all this. I think that, while there probably are not many courses devoted to computational semantics, this book could profitably be incorporated into more traditional computational linguistics courses, especially when two courses are offered serially. The material here could be spread out and integrated into parts of a more standard pair of these courses, and it would result in a substantial widening of the knowledge that students come away with from these courses. The introduction of this book traces the history of computational semantics, with a goal of justifying the enterprise in the face of the modern emphasis on statistical natural language processing. Besides this introduction, the book contains six substantial chapters and four short appendices. There is also a very extensive suite of material online at a Web site maintained by the authors. Chapter 1 is an introduction to first-order logic, but with a twist that underscores the particular outlook taken in this book. There is a very short introduction to the notion of a model of a set of quantifier-free sentences, followed by an equally short discussion of the interpretation of quantifiers in a model. With respect to quantifier-free sentences, students are referred to the three-page Appendix B on propositional logic, where truth-tables are covered. The innovations start with the introduction of three “inference tasks”: querying, consistency checking, and informativity checking. These correspond to the logical concepts of satisfiability (of a given formula in a given model), consistency (whether there is a model that satisfies a given formula), and validity (whether a formula is true in all models, or, equivalently, whether a given argument is valid). Although the notions of querying, etc., are thus merely renamings of standard logical notions, it seems to me that the renaming is particularly apposite in the setting of a textbook for non-logicians, especially since much is to be done computationally with these notions in the enterprise of computational semantics. Much of the remainder of chapter 1 consists of a gentle introduction to Prolog and using it to check formulas for well-formedness and to build model checkers with the goal of implementing the querying task.
Fortifikasi Ekstrak Kulit Jeruk Bali Pada Susu Tinggi Kalsium: Terobosan Baru Dalam Pengatasan Osteoporosis Pada Wanita Menopause, Teruji in Vivo Dan Molecular Docking

Osteoporosis has one of the cause is lack of estrogen hormone. Commonly prevention therapy is by consuming high calcium milk, but it is not effective. Bali orange’s peel (Citrus maxima Merr.) is a waste material but contains phytoestrogen according to previous study. Considering of this result, fortification of high calcium milk and bali orange’s peel is expected to be an effective solution for osteoporosis in menopause woman. This research began with extraction of bali orange’s peel (BPE) in ethanol 70% by using maceration method. Ovariectomized Sprague dawley female rats are the model of post menopausal woman were treated by BPE for 28 days. The doses of BPE was given to rats 500 and 1000 mg/Kg BW combined with high calcium milk. Bone density was determined using digital microradiography, the profile showed the increase of bone density in group that treated with combination of BPE 1000 mg/Kg BW and high calcium milk compare to control and given only milk groups. Docking molecular showed that BPE active compound which are hesperidin and naringin could have interaction with estrogen receptor α and β. Overall, the result of this research showed that fortification of BPE with high calcium milk has good prospect to develop as effective therapy of osteoporosis. Keywords : Citrus maxima, phytoestrogen, osteoporosis, high calcium milk, estrogen receptor
Recherches sur la peste en Iran

Les auteurs rapportent les re'sultats de leurs recherches en Iran depuis 1953, date de leur derniere publication. L'experimentation leur ayant montre d'evidentes diffrrences de receptivite a la peste parmi les merions, rongeurs sauvages responsables de l'infection au Kurdistan, jusqu'alors consideres par eux comme uniformement resistants, le reclassement zoologique des especes de ce genre a dui etre entrepris. Ce reclassement a montre' 'existence au Kurdistan de quatre espe'ces, dont deux a Jorte re'sistance (Meriones libycus, M. persicus) et deux a' haute sensibilite' (M. tristrami, M. vinogradovi), entre lesquels s'equilibre et se maintient l'infection. D'autre part, les auteurs apportent la preuve qu'au Kurdistan l'epidemisation de la peste bubonique est purement le fait de la transmission interhumaine par la puce de l'homme, Pulex irritans.
Error estimation and learning data arrangement for neural networks

The expected squared error of a trained neural network is analyzed from the statistical point of view. First we derive an estimation formula of the expected squared error at each input point. It tells us in which area the network response has high accuracy, and it works as a confidence index. We can utilize the confidence index for a criterion of rejection in applications. Second, a novel method of collecting learning data is proposed based on the error analysis. The proposed method can provide more suitable learning data than those taken from the true input distribution. <<ETX>>
Estudio sistemático y faunístico de los cnidarios de la costa catalana

Memoria de tesis doctoral presentada por Josep-Maria Gili i Sarda para obtener el titulo de Doctor en Ciencias por la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), realizada bajo la direccion del Dr. Joan-Domenec Ros de la Universitat de Barcelona (UB). -- 565 pages
LAMP: Leadership, Advocate, Management, Professional a new simple and dynamic medical management competency model for doctors

Hospitals are complex organisations. Hospital managers have to deal with this complexity, and this management requires a focus on the competencies that managers need in order to be effective. Attention has been given to the development of management competencies, including medical management competencies, but the development of doctors’ competencies in their roles in managing hospitals remains an under-researched area. This paper reviews the current literature from Australia, the United States and the United Kingdom and proposes a simple and dynamic medical management competency model for doctors based on existing competency frameworks. This LAMP model has four major competency domains: Leader, Advocate, Manager and Professional. This model shows these four competency domains to be in constant, dynamic tension with each other. This new competency framework opens up a new area for research in relation to theories relating to possible competing tensions between medical management competencies for doctors, and can be used as a framework for medical management training, development and practice.
Analysis of dither in relay feedback systems

Dither signals provide an effective way of compensating for nonlinearities in control systems. The seminal works by Zames and Shneydor (1976, 1977) and more recently by Mossaheb (1983) present rigorous tools for systematic design of dithered systems. Their results rely however on a Lipschitz assumption on the nonlinearity and thus do not cover important applications with discontinuities. This paper presents initial results on how to analyze and design dither in non smooth systems. In particular, it is shown that a dithered relay feedback system can be approximated by a smoothed system obtained through an averaging approach. Guidelines are given for tuning the amplitude and the period time of the dither signal, in order to stabilize the non smooth system.
ESTILO DE LÍDER Y LA VARIABLE CENTRALIZACIÓN EN LA ORGANIZACIÓN: ESTUDIO TEÓRICO Y EMPÍRICO

Este articulo ofrece los resultados parciales de un proyecto de investigacion llevado a cabo en grandes empresas espanolas, donde se evaluo el comportamiento de un conjunto de variables de diseno organizativo. En este caso, se corresponde al estudio de la relacion entre la variable centralizacion de la toma de decisiones con el estilo de lider -controlador y emprendedor- de gerentes y directivos. A tal efecto, y para contrastar las hipotesis que surgen del analisis del marco teorico, en el trabajo de campo se cuantificaron las variables mediante la aplicacion de dos escalas de medicion, cuya fiabilidad fue valorada a traves de la prueba Alpha de Cronbach. Los datos obtenidos, se trataron con los metodos estadisticos Analisis Factorial de Componentes Principales y Analisis de Correlaciones de Pearson, de cuyos resultados se confirmaron los supuestos formulados en las hipotesis de investigacion
Dimensionality reduction of dynamical patterns using a neural network

To recognize speech with dynamical features, one should use feature parameters including dynamical changing patterns, that is, time sequential patterns. The K-L expansion has been used to reduce the dimensionality of time sequential patterns. This method changes the axes of feature parameter space linearly by minimizing the error between original and reconstructed parameters. In this paper, the dimensionality of dynamical features is reduced by using one nonlinear dimensional compressing ability of the neural network. The authors compared the proposed method on speech recognition using a continuous HMM (hidden Markov model) with the reduction method using one K-L expansion and the feature parameters of regression coefficients in addition to original static features. <<ETX>>
Foundations for Measuring Volume Rendering Quality

The goal of this paper is to provide a foundation for objectively comparing volume rendered images. The key elements of the foundation are: (1) a rigorous specification of all the parameters that need to be specified to define the conditions under which a volume rendered image is generated; (2) a methodology for difference classification, including a suite of functions or metrics to quantify and classify the difference between two volume rendered images that will support an analysis of the relative importance of particular differences. The results of this method can be used to study the changes caused by modifying particular parameter values, to compare and quantify changes between images of similar data sets rendered in the same way, and even to detect errors in the design, implementation or modification of a volume rendering system. If one has a benchmark image, for example one created by a high accuracy volume rendering system, the method can be used to evaluate the accuracy of a given image.
The Effects of Moderate Intensity Walking Exercise on Stem Cell Mobilization, Diferentiation and Maturation in PBMC and Bone Remodeling of Postmenopausal Women

Reduced serum estradiol (E2) level on postmenopausal women leads to decrease muscle mass, increasing adipogenesis and negativeuncoupling bone remodeling, which tends to increase osteoporosis incidence. Bone Remodeling (BR) is determined by activities ofosteoblast (OB), from bone marrow derived- and adipose derived-mesenchymal stem cell/MSC, and activities of osteoclast (OC), fromhematopoietic stem cell/HSC. The MSC’s osteogenic differentiation are affected by osteogenic microenvironment including humoral,interleukin, vitamine and mechanical force factors. Moderate intensity walking exercise has been proved promote BR in postmenopausalwomen, but its effects on stem cell mobilization, differentiation and maturation which leads to positive uncoupling BR and the role ofserum IL-6 and PTH in this process still not clear. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of moderate intensity walking exercise tostem cell mobilization, differentiation and maturation in PBMC and BR on postmenopausal women, and revealed the role of serum IL-6and PTH changes in that process. This one group pretest-posttest design research has been done on 14 postmenopausal women, whichunderwent moderate intensity walking exercise for 30 minute 3 times week for 3 weeks. There was an increasing of MSC mobilization,but reduced HSC mobilization on PBMC. There were increasing on differentiation and maturation of circulated stem cell on PBMC.The change of OI affected the changes of % early OB/OC lin cell, sP1NP and the ratio of sP1NP/CTx. The change of sIL-6 affectedthe changes of % early OB/OC lin cell, %late OC lin cell and sP1NP. The change of sPTH affected the changes of sCTx and the ratioof sP1NP/CTx. The conclusion was a moderate intensity walking exercise revealed increasing stem cell mobilization, differentiationand maturation in PBMC, with domination on osteoblastic lineage cell, which lead to positive uncoupling BR on postmenopausalwomen. Subacute exercise sIL-6 affected stem cell differentiation in PBMC and mature OB, subacute exercise sPTH affected positiveuncoupling BR via OC.
Research on Importance of Texture Information in Face Recognition

This paper presents importance of skin texture information in face recognition. To this end, we perform the illumination normalization on face image in order to extract texture information unaffected by illumination variation. And then apply mask image on each illumination normalized face image to obtain the corresponding texture data, which hardly contain the shape information. Face recognition experiments are carried out by using texture data. Experimental results on Yale face database B and CMU PIE database show that the texture information has considerable ability to distinguish subjects in face recognition.
Human Circulation: Regulation During Physical Stress

Introduction General principles of vascular control The venous system Control of individual vascular beds - splanchnic and renal ciculations Cutaneous and skeletal muscle circulations Cerebral and coronary circulations Adjustments to upright posture and blood loss Thermal stress Circulatory adjustments to dynamic exercise Cardiovascular adaptations to chronic physical activity and inactivity How are cardiovascular and metabolic functions matched during exercise - what is the exercise stimulus? Cardiovascular adjustments to hypoxemia Circulatory adjustments to dynamic exercise and heat stress - competing controls Index.
Local air quality management as a policy cycle in the cities of Newcastle and Lake Macquarie, Australia

In the air policy frameworks of the Australian Commonwealth and New South Wales (NSW) Governments, responsibility for the major air pollution sources and assessment of regional air quality lies beyond the direct mandate for local government. However, local government is responsible for a wide range of smaller sources. By contrasting the responses to air pollution by the local councils in the cities of Newcastle and Lake Macquarie, this paper contributes to the understanding of local air quality management in NSW. The paper builds on the concept that air quality management requires a basic scientific and decision-making framework. First, we discuss air quality management as a policy cycle and introduce the concept of policy networks to illustrate their role in formulating local environmental policy. Second, we compare and contrast the aspirations, capacities and achievements of the two local councils in relation to air quality management from 1995 to 2005. Third, we examine the contribution to the policy cycle of new tools that use computer-based geographic information systems (GIS), namely, the air emissions inventory and air quality modelling (using The Air Pollution Model (TAPM)). Together, these tools offer advances in the knowledge of local air pollution science and a technological capacity to predict the impact of management options, heralding a paradigmatic change in local air policy making in NSW.
Interdisciplinary Conceptual Cluster in Mathematics and Physics on the Basis of a Graph Model of Interdisciplinary Links

This paper describes a method of forming an interdisciplinary conceptual cluster in mathematics and physics on the basis of a graph model of interdisciplinary links developed by T.N. Gnitetskaya. Interdisciplinary hyperspace for mathematics and physics courses for engineering majors according to the group of concepts was built. In the framework of the model, quantitative characteristics of interdisciplinary links were evaluated, using which a hierarchy of clusters content was established and the fundamental unit of concepts was emphasized. A quantitative meaning of "capacity" of an interdisciplinary conceptual cluster of mathematics and physics courses according to the group of concepts was achieved.
A continuous-time ΣΔ ADC with increased immunity to interferers

Receivers are being digitized in a quest for flexibility. Analog filters and programmable gain stages are being exchanged for digital processing at the price of a very challenging ADC. This paper presents an alternative solution where the filter and pro- grammable gain functionality is integrated into a ADC. The novel filtering ADC is realized by adding a high-pass feedback path to a conventional ADC while a compensating low-pass filter in the forward path maintains stability. As such, the ADC becomes highly immune to interferers even if they exceed the maximum al- lowable input level for the wanted channel. As a consequence, the ADC input range can be programmed dynamically to the level of the wanted signal only. This results in an input-referred dynamic range of 89 dB in 1-MHz bandwidth and an intentionally mod- erate output signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio of 46-59 dB (de- pending on the programmed gain). The merged functionality en- ables a better overall power/performance balance for the receiver baseband. The design consumes less than 2 mW and active area is 0.14 mm in a 0.18- m digital CMOS technology.
Prévalence des anomalies transitionnelles lombosacrées dans une population de sujets camerounais souffrant de lombalgies chroniques

RESUME INTRODUCTION Les vertebres transitionnelles lombosacrees (VTLS) et le spina bifida occulta (SBO) peuvent entrainer des lombalgies en particulier chez des sujets jeunes. Du fait de leur origine genetique, leur distribution pourrait varier en fonction des races ; pourtant leur prevalence demeure largement inconnue en Afrique. OBJECTIFS Determiner la prevalence des VTLS et du SBO chez des noirs africains souffrant de lombalgie chronique. PATIENTS ET METHODES 575 radiographies du rachis lombaire (incidences de face et de profil) de patients noirs africains souffrant de lombalgie chronique ont ete revues a la recherche de VTLS de SBO. Les VTLS ont ete classees selon le systeme de Castellvi. Les proportions d’anomalies par sexe ont ete comparees par le test de Fisher. RESULTATS L’âge median des sujets etait de 44 ans [15 a 80 ans] et le sex ratio femme/homme de 1.03. La prevalence globale des VTLS et du SBO etait de 13,6% et 2,1% respectivement. Les VTLS etaient plus frequentes dans la population masculine avec une predominance du type IIa. La frequence du SBO n’etait pas influencee par le sexe. CONCLUSION La prevalence de VTLS et de SBO chez le sujet noir africain souffrant de lombalgies est similaire a celles retrouvees dans les series caucasiennes et asiatiques. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV) and spina bifida occulta (SBO) can cause low back pain (LBP) particularly in young subjects. It was assumed that their distribution undergoes racial differences but their prevalence is not sufficiently known in Africa. OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of LSTV and SBO among black African patients with LBP. PATIENTS AND METHODS 575 radiographs of the lumbar spine (anteroposterior and lateral views) of black African patients with LBP were reviewed to detect and characterize LSTV and SBO. LSTV was grouped according to the Castellvi classification. The proportions of abnormalities among sex were compared using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS The median age of patients was 44 years [15 to 80 years] and sex ratio was 1.03 female/male. The prevalence of LSTV and SBO were 13.6 % and 2.1% respectively in the whole population. LSTV were more common in men with a predominance of type IIa. The frequency of SBO was not significantly influenced by gender. CONCLUSION The prevalence LSTV and SBO in black African subjects with low back pain is similar to those found in Caucasian and Asian populations.
Overexpression of LncRNA FER1L4 in endometrial carcinoma is associated with favorable survival outcome.

OBJECTIVE Long noncoding RNA Fer-1-like protein 4 (FER1L4) is a novel cancer-related lncRNA and functions as a tumor suppressor in several cancers. However, the clinical significance of FER1L4 has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the increased expression of FER1L4 can be used as a prognostic biomarker in endometrial carcinoma (EC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Expression levels of FER1L4 in 191 pairs of EC and adjacent normal tissues were detected by TaqMan Real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay. The association between FER1L4 expression and clinicopathological parameters was subsequently determined. The clinical and prognostic significance of FER1L4 expression was analyzed statistically by Kaplan-Meier estimate and Cox regression model. RESULTS We observed that FER1L4 in EC tissues was significantly down-regulated compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues (p<0.01). Low expression of FER1L4 was significantly correlated with distant metastasis (p=0.002), lymph node metastasis (p=0.010) and FIGO stages (p=0.006). Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that overall survival rate in patients with high FER1L4 expression level was markedly higher than those with low FER1L4 expression level (p=0.0071). Finally, multivariate analysis of the prognosis factors confirmed that low FER1L4 expression was a significant independent predictor of poor survival in EC (HR=2.782, 95% CI: 1.144-5.123, p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS We provided the significant clinical relevance of FER1L4 in EC and suggested that FER1L4 may act as an independent prognostic indicator for EC patients.