Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Crystal Structures of H-Pd5Ce and Pd5La and Their Electrical Resistivities at Low Temperatures

The crystal structure of Pd5La was analyzed be powder X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy, and it was found that Pd5La is almost isomorphic with H-Pd5Ce. The electrical resistivity was examined for Pd5La, H-Pd5Ce and L-Pd5Ce in the range between 77 K and 300 K. The temperature dependence of resistivity suggested that H-Pd5Ce and L-Pd5Ce have a dense Kondo state.
Consequences of sodium exclusion for the osmotic potential in the rhizosphere – Comparison of two maize cultivars differing in Na+ uptake

According to the biphasic model of growth response to salinity, growth is first reduced by a decrease in the soil osmotic potential (Ψ∘), i.e. growth reduction is an effect of salt outside rather than inside the plant and genotypes differing in salt resistance respond identically in this first phase. However, if genotypes differ in Na+ uptake as it has been described for the two maize cultivars Pioneer 3906 and Across 8023, this should result in differences in Na+ concentrations in the rhizosphere soil solution and thus in the concentration of salt outside the plant. It was the aim of the present investigation to test this hypothesis and to investigate the effect of such potential differences in soil Ψ∘ caused by Na+ exclusion on plant water relations. Sodium exclusion at the root surface of intact plants growing in soil was investigated by sampling soil solution from the rhizosphere of two maize cultivars. Plants were grown in a model system, consisting of a root compartment separated from the bulk soil compartment by a nylon net (30 μm mesh size), which enabled independent measurements of the change of soil solution composition and soil water content with increasing distance from the root surface (nylon net).
Direct and sensitized photoinitiated cationic polymerization using pyridinium salts

Results of polymerization and laser flash photolysis studies concerning the direct and indirect photoinitiation of cationic polymerizations using N-alkoxy pyridinium and N-alkoxy quinolinium salts are presented. The indirect action can be based on (a) the generation of carbocations via the oxidation of photochemically produced free radicals and (b) the generation of radical cations via the reaction of electronically excited sensitizers with pyridinium or quinolinium ions. With respect to (a) substituted vinyl bromides were found be an effective source of oxidizable free radicals (vinyl radicals), and regarding (b) singlet or triplet excited states of thioxanthone, anthracene, perylene and phenothiazine, which, in the ground state, strongly absorb light in the 300 to 400 nm range, were found to react rapidly with pyridinium salts.
Synthesis of Potential Inhibitiors for Stat‐3 Dimerization†

Nine bioactive ochromycinone analogues were synthesized through two different types of routes. Some unexpected products were obtained in the photo-induced oxidation. The syntheses disclosed herein complement those in the literature and offer inexpensive access to many of the known intermediates involved, most of which were studied years ago in completely different contexts.
Organic Matter Accumulation Mechanisms of Shale Series in He-third Member of Eocene Hetaoyuan Formation, Biyang Depression, Eastern China

The relationship between the organic matter (OM) accumulation and the climate, salinity, redox condition, and productivity changes has been investigated based on the analysis of major, minor and trace elements, and the biomarker parameters of shales from organic-matter-rich interval (ORI) 5 and 3 in the He-third member of the Eocene Hetaoyuan Formation, Biyang Depression. Results indicate that the stratified water column with high-salinity anoxic conditions and shallow water enhanced the OM storage within ORI 5, while high productivity coupled with oxygen-depleted bottom water in the relatively deep basin favored the OM accumulation within ORI 3.
Photopolymerization kinetics of oligo(ethylene oxide) and oligo(methylene) oxide dimethacrylates

The influence of temperature on the photopolymerization kinetics of oligo(methylene) oxide and oligo(ethylene oxide) dimethacrylate series has been investigated by isothermal DSC. The DSC curves showed a rapid rise in rate due to the Trommsdorff effect, and then a slow decline. A shoulder, apparent on many of the DSC curves at low conversions, became more prominent when the cure temperature was lowered. The kinetics were relatively insensitive to the dimethacrylate structure in the early stages of the reaction, but became more dependent as the reaction proceeded
Dislocation core effects on plasticity

Abstract The structure and/or the state of dislocation core often play a significant role in the glide process of the dislocation and hence control the plasticity of the crystal. We show various examples in this paper. (1) The yield stress of single crystals controlled by the Peierls mechanism for screw dislocation does not obey the Schmid law. (2) A narrow dissociation of the core can produce a plateau in the τy- T relation. (3) Duality of the core structure can produce «yield stress anomaly». (4) Multiphonon emission at the core of dislocation in semiconducting crystals by non-radiative recombination of electron-hole pairs enhances drastically the dislocation mobility.
PLANT MEDIATED SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES

Objective: The study was aimed to synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles from five different herbal plants ( Terminalia chebula, Mimusops elengi, Myristica fragrans, Centella asiatica and Hemidesmus indicus) . Methods: The qualitative analysis of plant extracts was performed to determine the presence of secondary metabolites. The plant mediated silver nanoparticles were synthesized. The color changed into brown to black color indicating the formation of AgNPs. The characterization of synthesized AgNPs was carried out by different methods such as UV-Vis Spectra, FE-TEM, Particle size analysis, Zeta potential analysis, XRD and FTIR. The antimicrobial activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles also examined against three fungi and bacteria. Results: The UV wave length of AgNPs is from 300 to 450 nm. The average size of AgNPs 581 d.nm, zeta potential is -13.3 mV. The FTIR results show that AgNPs contains the functional groups. In antimicrobial activity of all AgNPs synthesized by five plants inhibits the growth of bacteria and Terminalia chebula showed maximum effect. The XRD pattern clearly confirmed that the synthesized silver nanoparticles are crystalline in nature. TEM results shows that synthesized silver nanoparticles are round in shape. Conclusion: The green synthesis of nanoparticles shows that cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and safe for human therapeutic use. Color change, UV-Vis spectra, TEM and XRD analysis confirmed the stability of synthesized AgNPs.
Three‐Dimensional Organization of Helices: Design Principles for Nucleobase‐Functionalized β‐Peptides

The construction and molecular recognition of various three-dimensional biomimetic structures is based on the predictable de novo design of artificial molecules. In this regard beta-peptides are especially interesting, since stable secondary structures are obtained already with short sequences; one of them is the 14-helix in which every third residue has the same orientation. The covalent functionalization of every third 14-helix side chain with nucleobases was used for a reversible organization of two helices based on nucleobase pairing. A series of beta-peptides with various nucleobase sequences was synthesized and the stability of double strand formation was investigated. As few as four nucleobases are sufficient for considerable duplex stability. The stability of base pairing was examined by temperature-dependent UV spectroscopy and the formation of the 14-helix was confirmed by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The preferred strand orientation of complementary-nucleobase-modified beta-peptide helices was investigated as well as the influence of helix content on the duplex stability. The preorganization of a 14-helix in regard to double-strand recognition was tuned by the sequential order of polar beta-amino acids or by the amount of 2-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid units incorporated, which are known to facilitate 14-helix formation, respectively.
The Effectiveness of Peer Tutoring in the Teaching of Mathematics

Purpose – This study examined the effectiveness of peer tutoring in the teaching of Mathematics in a Malaysian government secondary school. This study also investigated the effects of peer tutoring on interest in learning mathematics, perceptions of instructional methods and mathematics self-ef ﬁ cacy, as well as gender differences for the various variables. Method – This study utilised the pretest-posttest with control group quasi-experimental research design. Two form four classes were randomly assigned to be taught using peer tutoring, and taught using lectures and exercises. The research instruments used in the study were a pretest, a posttest, and a questionnaire. Findings – Results showed that students who received peer tutoring had higher gain scores in the mathematics achievement tests compared to those receiving traditional instruction. In addition, female students performed better in the mathematics achievement tests. However, there was no interaction effect between gender and instructional methods used. Students in the peer tutoring groups showed higher interest in learning mathematics and mathematics self-ef ﬁ cacy. They also showed positive perceptions toward peer tutoring. In the peer tutoring group, female students showed higher interest in mathematics than male students. However, gender differences were not evident for mathematics self-ef ﬁ cacy and perceptions toward peer tutoring. Thus, it could be concluded that peer tutoring is a potentially effective instructional method that could be practised in secondary mathematics teaching and learning in Malaysian schools in tandem with other existing instructional methods. Value – Peer tutoring studied the context paper provides empirical ﬁ ndings supporting the effectiveness of peer tutoring as an instructional approach in enhancing students’ learning of mathematics irrespective of gender. In addition, peer tutoring can also augment students’ interest toward learning mathematics and their mathematics self-ef ﬁ cacy.
Effect of soil salinity on population structure of fluorescent pseudomonads in spinach rhizosphere

Abstract Use of PGPR (plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria) for stimulating plant growth and for the biological control of soil-borne diseases is necessary mainly in fields with intensive cropping. The intensive cultivation systems in horticulture have generally led to soil salinity due tp the high rates of fertilizer application. Therefore, the high concentration of inorganic salts accumulated in the plant rhizosphere is likely to be a factor of salinity stress affecting both roots and root-associated rhizobacteria. In a previous report (Matsuguchi and Sakai 1995), we observed that high salinity of soil had induced a significant decrease in the populations of fluorescent pseudomonads in spinach roots. Furthermore, the adverse effect of high salinity of soil was more pronounced on Pseudomonas fluorescens strains than on Pseudomonas putida strains, resulting in an alteration of the composition of fluorescent pseudomonads in the roots where vP. putida} predominated. The objective of the present study was to.
Changes in Phytochemical and Antioxidant Potential of Tempeh Common Bean Flour from Two Selected Cultivars Influenced by Temperature and Fermentation Time

Processing option such as fungal fermentation (tempeh) improves legume nutraceutical properties. The aim of this work was to evaluate the physicochemical and antioxidant potential of common bean tempeh flour from two varieties: Bayo victoria (BV) and Pinto durango (PD) processed at two different temperature and fermentation times. Results showed differences between cultivars followed by changes in temperature and fermentation times, being more significant at 35C for 40 h. The phenolic content in both cultivars varied considerably after cooking, being higher in raw flour (0.4–3.0-fold for BV and 0.35–0.5-fold for PD). The highest phenolic content was for BV fermented at 35C and 40 h, whereas for PD was at 30C and 40 h. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, low-density lipoprotein oxidation and hydroxyl radical-scavenging assays. Results showed different antioxidant capacity for each test. The major differences in results were shown between cultivars than the processing variations of temperature and fermentation time. Practical Applications Phaseolus vulgaris is one of the most important grain legumes for human consumption attributable to its nutritional properties, low cost and health promoter effects. However, the nutraceutical properties of this legume have changed due to process variables such as temperature and time of cooking. It has been demonstrated experimentally that fungal fermentation or tempeh production can be an efficient strategy to improve the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of common beans, becoming a favored alternative as an ingredient/supplement development for the prevention and control of degenerative diseases. However, little information is available on the effect of temperature, fermentation time and common bean cultivars in relation with their nutraceutical properties. The present investigation demonstrated that the major effects were between cultivars rather than processing variations of temperature and fermentation time. Therefore, considering cultivars and processing variables, common bean tempeh flour may be an efficient strategy to enhance the antioxidant activity of this seed.
EKSTRAKSI DAN PENGGUNAAN GELATIN DARI LIMBAH TULANG IKAN BANDENG (Chanos chanos Forskal) SEBAGAI EMULGATOR DALAM FORMULASI SEDIAAN EMULSI

Limbah tulang ikan bandeng dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan gelatin alternatif. Gelatin yang berasal dari ikan mempunyai tingkat keamanan, viskositas, dan kecepatan disolusi lebih baik daripada gelatin yang berasal dari mamalia. Emulsi minyak ikan (Oleum Iecoris Aselli) yang diformulasi dengan penambahan co-emulgator gelatin dari tulang ikan bandeng ( Chanos chanos Forskal) dengan konsentrasi 0,5% adalah emulsi yang stabil secara fisik.
Recent Developments and Applications in Plant-extract Mediated Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles

Green synthesis is a widely used for the preparation of silver nanoparticles. The use of plant extracts for these syntheses has become common in recent years because they are nontoxic, inexpensive, and widely available. Phytochemicals such as terpenoids, flavones, ketones, aldehydes, amides, and carboxylic acids are the primary active ingredients for nanoparticle synthesis. Reaction temperature plays an important role during the reduction process as it influences the reaction time, particle size, and the intensity of the surface plasmon resonance peak. This review presents an overview of recently developed and reported silver nanoparticle syntheses using plant extracts. The role of temperature in nanoparticles synthesis and potential applications has been reviewed. A brief description of the reaction mechanism and nanoparticle characterization techniques are also included.
A Global Perspective on the History, Use, and Identification of Synthetic Food Dyes.

This article presents a brief history of the artificial coloration of foods, a discussion of the worldwide use of synthetic food dyes, and methods for separating and identifying 14 dyes in common use globally. The United States Food and Drug Administration presently has certified seven synthetic dyes for use in foods. An additional seven synthetic dyes are commonly found in foods in other parts of the world. The structures of these 14 dyes, as well as their separation by paper chromatography and identification by visible absorption spectroscopy are discussed. Also included are specific ideas on how to incorporate experiments involving synthetic food dyes into the undergraduate chemistry laboratory curriculum.
Frictional interpretation of thermodynamic transport parameters for porous nanofiltration membranes

Phenomenological coefficients arising from the application of irreversible thermodynamics to the passage of water and dilute solutions of alcohols, sugars, NaCI and NaClO 4 across two commercially available nanofiltration membranes are physically interpreted using the frictional model proposed by Spiegler, Kedem and Katchalsky. The effects of temperature in the range 5-41°C and NaCI concentration in the range 1-50 meq l -1 were also quantified. Pure water permeability, solute reflection coefficient and solute diffusive permeability are linked to solute-water, solute-membrane and water-membrane frictional interactions within the nanofilters' polymeric network. Changes in intra-membrane frictional coefficients with feed water temperature and concentration are related to variations in nanofilter morphological and charge characteristics. As may be expected, water-membrane friction coefficients were several orders of magnitude smaller than solute-membrane friction coefficients demonstrating that the semi-permeable nanofilters hindered solute passage to a substantially greater degree than water. Analogous to viscosity, all frictional coefficients decreased with temperature. Greater steric hindrances faced by larger solutes to passage across nanofilters are manifested as increasing activation energies of solute-membrane interactions and solute-water interactions. Hydrodynamic theories of hindered transport are shown to closely follow trends in frictional coefficients with increasing solute size. Antagonistic effects of changes in electrostatic and steric interactions with temperature reduced activation energies of electrolyte-membrane frictional interactions.
Composition of the Essential Oil of Teucrium persicum Boiss. From Iran

Abstract The essential oil of Teucrium persicum Boiss. was obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of the plant and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Eighty-one components representing 93.5% of the total oil were identified. The main components of the oil were caryophyllene oxide (10.6%), α-pinene (9.4%), geranyl linalool (7.8%), γ-cadinene (7.4%), elemol (6.9%) and α-cadinol (5.5%).
Isolation, characterization, and enzymatic hydrolysis of acetyl-galactoglucomannan from spruce (Picea abies)

Water-soluble hemicelluloses were extracted from spruce chips by heat-fractionation using microwave treatment. A screening of conditions (pH, temperature and residence time) was performed for the extraction of O-acetyl-galactoglucomannan (AcGGM). The yield and the average molecular weight of the extracted mannan were analysed using HPLC, size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and mass-spectrometry. The pH during heat fractionation influenced the yield and the structure of AcGGM. The highest yield (78%) of AcGGM (average molecular weight 3800) was achieved with heat-fractionation in water at 190degrees C for 5 minutes. With 0.025% NaOH, an average molecular weight of 9500 was obtained at a yield of 30%. AcGGM molecular weight standard molecules were prepared using SEC. The structure of the AcGGM was determined using H-1-NMR. The enzymatic hydrolysis of AcGGM was studied using beta-mannanase and alpha-galactosidase. (Less)
Ophiobolins G and H: new fungal metabolites from a novel source, Aspergillus ustus

Isolement de 2 nouveaux metabolites d'A. ustus, leur structure moleculaire est precisee. On etudie leur activite biologique sur le coleophile de ble (inhibition de la croissance), sur les cultures bacteriennes (Bacillus subtilis et Escherichia coli) sur le poussin (hyperacusie)
A Revised Analytical Method for HCO3‐ and CO32‐Determinations in Geothermal Waters: An Assessment of IAGC and IAEA Interlaboratory Comparisons

A statistical evaluation of the results of HCO3‐ determinations in geothermal waters during the interlaboratory comparison programmes of the International Association of Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry (IAGC) and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) indicated that the analytical uncertainty increases with decreasing concentration of HCO3‐ and was ˜ 25% for 50 μg ml‐1 and ˜ 60% for 25 μg ml‐1 of HCO3‐. The analytical method (Method 1) used by chemists and hydrologists works well for waters containing carbonic alkalinity, whereas Method 2 used by geochemists is conceptually incorrect. A stepwise comparison between the theoretical and experimental titration results for a given concentration Na2CO3 (0.0988 mol l‐1) solution was performed to understand the limitations of the titration method for geothermal water analysis. Backward titration from the carbonic acid equivalence point (H2CO3EP) to the original pH after CO2 removal, as had been practised earlier in the geothermal industry, in order to estimate the contribution of silicic and boric alkalinities to the total alkalinity, is incorrect because the amount of standard base (NaOH) added is equivalent to silicic and boric alkalinities plus some OH‐ alkalinity. In a Na2CO3 solution, the added NaOH is equivalent to OH‐ alkalinity only. Backward titration is only needed from the forward titration end point to the H2CO3EP in order to correct the total alkalinity for the excess of standard acid (HCl) added during the forward titration. In the case of a Na2CO3 solution, the H2CO3EP, after removal of CO2 during the forward titration, is at pH = 7, not at pH = 4.5 (3.8) as has been considered in literature. Similarly, the liberation of CO2 during titration occurs well before the point expected theoretically and it is less for shorter titration time. The revised procedure for the determination of carbonic species concentration is presented and illustrated for a water sample from Alchichica Lake, Puebla, Mexico.
Poly(Vinyl Chloride)

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 1.1. Morphology 1.2. Versatility 1.3. Molecular Structure 2. Physical and Chemical Properties 2.1. Vinyl Chloride Monomer (VCM) 2.2. Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) 3. Resources and Raw Materials 4. Production 4.1. Suspension Polymerization of Vinyl Chloride 4.1.1. Introduction 4.1.2. Additives 4.1.3. Kinetics 4.1. 4. Morphology 4.1. 4.1. Control of Grain Size 4.1. 4.2. Control of Porosity and Bulk Density 4.1. 4.3. K-Value (Molecular Mass) 4.1. 4.4. Problem Areas 4.2. Bulk or Mass Polymerization of Vinyl Chloride 4.3. Emulsion Polymerization of Vinyl Chloride 4.3. 1. Introduction 4.3. 2. Emulsion Polymerization Processes 4.3. 3. Description of the Batch Process 4.3. 4. Plastisols 4.3. 5. Polymer - Plasticizer Interaction 4.3. 6. Gelation and Fusion 4.3. 7. Applications 4.4. Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride), CPVC 5. Environmental Protection 6. Quality Specifications and Analysis 7. Storage and Transportation 8. Processing and End Uses 9. Economic Aspects 10. Toxicology and Occupational Health