Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Non-parametric Shape Optimization Method ForThin-walled Structures Under Strength Criterion

This paper presents a numerical optimization method for shape design to improve the strength of thin-walled structures. A solution to maximum stress minimization problems subject to a volume constraint is proposed. With this solution, the optimal shape is obtained without any parameterization of the design variables for shape definition. It is assumed that the design domain is varied in the in-plane direction to maintain the curvatures of the initial shape. The problem is formulated as a non-parametric shape optimization problem. The shape gradient function is theoretically derived using the Lagrange multiplier method and the adjoint variable method. The traction method, which was proposed as a gradient method in Hilbert space, is applied to determine the smooth domain variation that minimizes the objective functional. The calculated results show the effectiveness and practical utility of the proposed solution in solving minmax shape optimization problems for the design of thin-walled structures under a strength criterion.
Efficacy and safety of indacaterol — new long-acting b 2 agonist

Combination of ICS and LABA for asthmatics and several classes of long-acting bronchodilator drugs for COPD patients are recommended. Long-acting bronchodilator therapy should be always considered when patients are symptomatic. Incorporation of once daily dose administration is an important strategy to improve adherence and is the method preferred by most patients. Several trials evaluated the efficacy and safety of indacaterol in patients with asthma and COPD. The results of the study suggested that indacaterol has a wide therapeutic index and is safe and well tolerated.
POTENTIAL, EXPRESSION AND DEVELOPMENT OF FUTURE PRESCHOOL AND PRE-PRIMARY EDUCATION TEACHERS’ CREATIVITY IN STUDY PROCESS

The article deals with the problems of the development of future preschool and preprimary education teachers’ creativity in study process, actualizes the importance of the development of a future professional’s creativity as one of the soft skills in the context of the challenges of modern transformations of the society, change in education, reforms in teacher training, presents theoretical interpretations of the concept of creativity, analyses the results of the research on the potential, expression and development of future childhood pedagogues’ creativity in study process, substantiating existing general problems and the importance of necessary changes in developing learners’ creativity in closely related cycles of high school and university education. The article emphasizes the need for enhancing responsibility, motivation for study quality and development of skills necessary for professional activity not only in teachers but also in students themselves.
Eddies in Eastern Boundary Subtropical Upwelling Systems

Over the last decade, mesoscale-resolving ocean models of eastern boundary upwelling systems (EBS) have helped improve our understanding of the functioning of EBS and, in particular, assess the role of eddy activity in these systems. We review the main achievements in this regard and highlight remaining issues and challenges. In EBS, eddy activity arises from baroclinic/barotropic instability of the inshore and also offshore currents. Mesoscale eddies play a significant (although not leading) role in shaping the EBS dynamical structure, both directly and through associated submesoscale activity (i.e., primarily frontal). They do so by modifying both momentum and tracer balances in ways that cannot simply be understood in terms of diffusion. The relative degree to which these assertions about eddy activity and eddy role apply to each of the four major EBS (Canary, Benguela, Peru–Chile, and California Current Systems) remains to be established. Besides resolving the eddies, benefits from EBS high-resolution modeling include the possibility of accounting for the fine-scale structures of the nearshore wind, a better representation of the Ekman-driven coastal divergence, and (at resolution  (1 km) or lower) inclusion of submesoscale (i.e., mainly frontal) processes. Recent numerical experiments suggest that accounting for these various processes in climate models, through resolution increase (possibly locally) or parameterization, would lead to significant basin-scale bias reduction. The mechanisms involved in upscaling from EBS toward the larger scale remain to be fully elucidated.
Losing Functions without Gaining Data - a new method for defunctionalisation

We describe an automated transformation which takes a higherorder program, and a produces an equivalent first-order program. Unlike Reynolds style defunctionalisation, it does not introduce any new data types, and the results are more amenable to subsequent analysis operations. Our transformation is implemented, and works on a Core language to which Haskell programs can be reduced. Our method cannot always succeed in removing all functional values, but in practice it is remarkably successful.
Bounds and robust hedging of the American option

The value of an American option depends on the information that the holder will acquire over the option’s life. Much of the literature makes restrictive assumptions about information revelation – for example that the underlying price process is Markov. With a richer information structure, the American feature becomes more valuable. This paper identifies the least upper bound on the price of an American option, placing no assumptions on the information structure. It shows that the American premium in standard models is a small fraction of its upper bound, and shows what features make the American feature most valuable. The bounds can be tightened by excluding implausible processes, and these bounds are enforced by a hedging strategy that is robust to model error.
An Analysis on the Effectiveness of an HIV and AIDS Workplace Programme at David Whitehead Textiles, Chegutu Depot in Zimbabwe

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of the HIV and AIDS workplace programme at David Whitehead Textiles. The effectiveness was measured against the following indicators (i) awareness of the workers over existence of HIV/ AIDS related activities being carried at their workplace (ii) whether the workers and the company were benefiting from any existing HIV/AIDS programmes (iii) their attitudes towards the HIV/AIDS Workplace programmes at their workplace. The study used the descriptive survey design to solicit information from 100 David Whitehead Textiles workers (70 male and 30 female) on the effectiveness of HIV and AIDS workplace programmes currently being used at their workplace. A stratified random sampling technique was used to obtain the study’s sample. Findings revealed that the company is running the following programmes; the HIV/AIDS herbal garden within the company premises, HIV/ AIDS testing, counselling and treatment at the company clinic. The research also established that workers were benefiting because the programme involved all levels of workers in HIV/AIDS related activities at the company. The workers achieved benefits such as improved health; stigmatisation and discrimination had also dramatically reduced due to the programme. The following recommendations were made among others; expansion of the herbal garden and equipping fully the local clinic, employment of a full time resident Doctor, offer of free HIV/AIDS treatment services and establishment of HIV/AIDS peer education teams within the company.
A General Stochastic Dynamic Model of the Differential Allocation Hypothesis

Differential allocation (DA), adjusting reproductive investment according to the quality of the current mate, is an area of evolutionary behavioral ecology that is subject to much confusion, with vague terminology, apparently contradictory empirical results, and a shortage of theoretical work. I have created a state-based stochastic dynamic model of the differential allocation hypothesis in which females are mated with different quality males throughout their lifetime, and male quality affects either the nature of the costs or the benefits of the female’s reproductive effort, or both, in various ways. I show that male quality induced variation in the elevation of the benefit function (offspring fitness function) has no effect on the optimal level of female investment, and thus cannot produce DA, contrary to popular belief until now. On the other hand, male quality induced changes in the slope of the benefit function as well as the cost function shift the optimal level of investment in ways expected from true DA by changing the marginal benefits or costs of extra investment. Male quality effects on the elevation of the cost function can also cause a weak type of DA, but only for females in low states investing all they can when optimal levels of investment cannot be achieved. Having identified and teased apart these distinct effects, I produce some more further model runs which aim at explaining certain patterns of DA seen in different species and mating systems. My model therefore sheds new light on many confusing results in the field, and a natural next step in order to capture the wide variety of observed DA patterns is to expand the model to include several offspring per brood.
Temperature stochastic modeling and weather derivatives pricing: empirical study with Moroccan data

The main objective of this paper is to present a technique for pricing weather derivatives with payout depending on temperature. We start by using the Principle Component Analysis method to fill missing temperature data. Consequently, the cold and the warm periods were determined on the basis of a “clean” data by using a statistical approach. After that, we use historical data over a sucient period to apply a stochastic process that describes the evolution of the temperature. A numerical example of a swap contract pricing is presented, using an approximation formula as well as Monte Carlo simulations.
Genetic Diversity Analysis for Yield and Other Parameters in Maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes

The experiment was conducted to estimate the genetic diversity in 14 different maize genotypes at Agricultural Research Station Baffa, Mansehra Pakistan. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with three replications. The results of analysis revealed that all the characters like days to 50% pollen shedding, days to 50% silking, plant height, ear height, 100 grain weight, harvest index and grain yield were significantly affected due to various maize genotypes. The days to 50% pollen shedding ranged from 43.00 to 53.33 showed by genotypes 24K42 and 2236, days to 50% silking from 46.67 to 55.67 days by genotypes 24K42 and 2234, plant height from 139.00 to 230.70 cm by genotypes 25K56 and KT304, ear height from 68.33 to 104.33 cm by genotypes 25K56 and 2236, 100 grain weight from 26.67 to 35.33 g by genotypes 24K42 and ND6876, harvest index from 0.311 to 0.461 by genotypes CKD933 and 2235 and grain yield from 5.35 to 12.51 kg/plot by genotypes 24K42 and ND6876, respectively. Evaluation revealed genotype ND6876 and genotype 2235 to be the most promising ones and their adaptation to the agro ecological condition of this area can bring a substantial increase in a maize grain yield.
Marketing Technology Products and Services Using Key Concepts and Current Trends

Marketing has always been associated with the success of technology based company as ultimately a technology wins only when it has been largely adopted by the markets. After all, Marconi invented the technology for wireless communication at the end of the 19th century, but it became very popular only in the 1920s when David Sarnoff, the president of RCA, imagined how the new technology could be applied to transmit music, news, and other kinds of entertainment. Marketers are facing the same challenges today when they have to put in the market a new information technology (IT) solutions. The first challenge is to find the category of customers who are ready to test and to adopt an innovative technology. Then another challenge is to accelerate the diffusion of the new technology in the market with the use of the various elements of the marketing mix. This article will first examine the key concepts which are shaping the marketing of technology based products and services. Then it will analyze the present status of marketing strategy employed for IT solutions by showing how customers segmentation and the marketing-mix has also to be adjusted to the peculiarities of technology based products and services. Finally, the article will discuss the emerging trends in marketing strategies. All along the article we will illustrate the article with the cases of two leading IT companies Apple and SAP. In consumer goods, Apple has revolutionized the mobile phone industry with the successful launching of a new category, the smart phone, while in businessto-business SAP has managed to become the world’s largest business software company with its integrated enterprise software and software related services. BACKGROUND
Water and carbon stable isotope records from natural archives: a new database and interactive online platform for data browsing, visualizing and downloading

Abstract. Past climate is an important benchmark to assess the ability of climate models to simulate key processes and feedbacks. Numerous proxy records exist for stable isotopes of water and/or carbon, which are also implemented inside the components of a growing number of Earth system model. Model–data comparisons can help to constrain the uncertainties associated with transfer functions. This motivates the need of producing a comprehensive compilation of different proxy sources. We have put together a global database of proxy records of oxygen (δ18O), hydrogen (δD) and carbon (δ13C) stable isotopes from different archives: ocean and lake sediments, corals, ice cores, speleothems and tree-ring cellulose. Source records were obtained from the georeferenced open access PANGAEA and NOAA libraries, complemented by additional data obtained from a literature survey. About 3000 source records were screened for chronological information and temporal resolution of proxy records. Altogether, this database consists of hundreds of dated δ18O, δ13C and δD records in a standardized simple text format, complemented with a metadata Excel catalog. A quality control flag was implemented to describe age markers and inform on chronological uncertainty. This compilation effort highlights the need to homogenize and structure the format of datasets and chronological information as well as enhance the distribution of published datasets that are currently highly fragmented and scattered. We also provide an online portal based on the records included in this database with an intuitive and interactive platform ( http://climateproxiesfinder.ipsl.fr/ ), allowing one to easily select, visualize and download subsets of the homogeneously formatted records that constitute this database, following a choice of search criteria, and to upload new datasets. In the last part, we illustrate the type of application allowed by our database by comparing several key periods highly investigated by the paleoclimate community. For coherency with the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP), we focus on records spanning the past 200 years, the mid-Holocene (MH, 5.5–6.5 ka; calendar kiloyears before 1950), the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 19–23 ka), and those spanning the last interglacial period (LIG, 115–130 ka). Basic statistics have been applied to characterize anomalies between these different periods. Most changes from the MH to present day and from LIG to MH appear statistically insignificant. Significant global differences are reported from LGM to MH with regional discrepancies in signals from different archives and complex patterns.
ANALYTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF FLASH RUST FORMED ON CARBON STEEL AFTER UHP WATERJETTING

It is well established that when steel components are cleaned by high-pressure (HP) or ultra high pressure (UHP) waterjetting the surface begins to oxidize or ‘flash rust’ within a short period of time. Rusting per se is also observed after mechanical cleaning (abrasive blasting) of steel surfaces. However, it has been postulated that the rusting observed with the two cleaning methods are ‘different’ in nature. The present paper provides results of an in-depth investigation dealing with the composition, the thickness and other characteristics of the flash rust formed on steel surfaces after UHP waterjetting. Three levels of flash rusting; no flash rust (NFR), light flash rust (LFR), and moderate flash rust (MFR) were examined, using different surface analytical techniques. These included: (a) SEM examination to characterize the morphology of the oxide, (b) EDS analysis to determine elemental composition of the specimen surface, (c) XPS (or ESCA) analysis to obtain quantitative information about the composition and depth profile of the oxide layer, and (d) Raman Spectroscopy for characterizing the type of oxide. For comparison, an atmospherically corroded steel sample was also analyzed using the same techniques. Based on XPS and Raman Spectroscopy data the composition of the oxide film on flash rusted samples is a complex mixture of different forms of stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric oxides of iron but mainly FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, hydrated Fe3O4 and FeOOH. Based on the depth profile data, the approximate average oxide thickness was found to be 473 nm (0.5 µm) for the NFR specimen, 2398 nm (2.4 µm) for the LFR specimen, and 18209 nm (18.2 µm) for the MFR specimen. The oxide on the atmospherically corroded sample is of a similar composition but with different distribution and proportion.
Reading in English as a Second Language with Developmental Dyslexia. A literature Review

This review presents recent research in the field of the language-based disorder dyslexia and its implications in reading in a second language (L2), with focus on the English language. It first gives a definition and mapping of the disorder followed by a theoretical background illustrating reading theories and models. This paper draws upon recent linguistic and biological studies concerning various aspects of dyslexia and reading in L2. The research question is: What does recent research, in the field of developmental dyslectics, show about acquiring reading skills in English as a second or foreign language? By using quantitative research approach, reading studies and articles, it was found that reading in English as a second or foreign language is a difficult task for dyslectic students, regardless of their native language, due to the English opaque orthography. Additionally, it was also found that very little research has been conducted within this field. This review will highlight the prominent and relevant research giving an insight to what the little research within this field displays.
Dependence of multiple climate states on ocean mixing parameters

Multiple equilibria of the climate system, inferred from paleo reconstructions, have also been observed in both ocean‐only and coupled ocean‐atmosphere general circulation models. These multiple states are thought to be associated with different modes of operation of the meridional overturning circulation in the North Atlantic. It has recently been suggested that the stability of these states depends on the amount of vertical mixing in ocean models. Here we investigate the dependence of the hysteresis behaviour of the thermohaline circulation to sub‐gridscale mixing processes in the ocean. Using a simplified coupled ocean‐atmosphere model we find that both vertical and horizontal diffusivities have considerable influence on the stability of the different circulation modes. They also change the transition points from one circulation pattern to another. Larger vertical diffusivities lead to higher values of additional precipitation into the North Atlantic being necessary to stop the formation of deep water. However, for slightly increased evaporation, the state without deep water formation becomes increasingly unstable for stronger vertical diffusion. Larger values of horizontal mixing lead to a narrowing of the phase space for which two equilibria are stable. These results suggest that it is currently not possible, given the large uncertainty in ocean mixing, to quantitatively determine possible thresholds for the transition of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation between on and off modes. This presents a policy predicament as it makes it extremely difficult to assign a probability for the future occurence of such nonlinear climate transition.
Residual circulation trajectories and transit times into the extratropical lowermost stratosphere

Abstract. Transport into the extratropical lowermost stratosphere (LMS) can be divided into a slow part (time-scale of several months to years) associated with the global-scale stratospheric residual circulation and a fast part (time-scale of days to a few months) associated with (mostly quasi-horizontal) mixing (i.e. two-way irreversible transport, including extratropical stratosphere-troposphere exchange). The stratospheric residual circulation may be considered to consist of two branches: a deep branch more strongly associated with planetary waves breaking in the middle to upper stratosphere, and a shallow branch associated with synoptic and planetary scale waves breaking in the subtropical lower stratosphere. In this study the contribution due to the stratospheric residual circulation alone to transport into the LMS is quantified using residual circulation trajectories, i.e. trajectories driven by the (time-dependent) residual mean meridional and vertical velocities. This contribution represents the advective part of the overall transport into the LMS and can be viewed as providing a background onto which the effect of mixing has to be added. Residual mean velocities are obtained from a comprehensive chemistry-climate model as well as from reanalysis data. Transit times of air traveling from the tropical tropopause to the LMS along the residual circulation streamfunction are evaluated and compared to recent mean age of air estimates. A time-scale separation with much smaller transit times into the mid-latitudinal LMS than into polar LMS is found that is indicative of a separation of the shallow from the deep branch of the residual circulation. This separation between the shallow and the deep circulation branch is further manifested in a distinction in the aspect ratio of the vertical to meridional extent of the trajectories, the integrated mass flux along the residual circulation trajectories, as well as the stratospheric entry latitude of the trajectories. The residual transit time distribution reproduces qualitatively the observed seasonal cycle of youngest air in the extratropical LMS in fall and oldest air in spring.