Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of ovine monocytes in response to Haemonchus contortus larvae in vitro and a novel role of Interleukin-13 inducing larval paralysis

Characterization of ovine monocytes in response to Haemonchus contortus larvae in vitro and a novel role of IL-13 inducing larval paralysis Elizabeth Anne Shepherd Haemonchus contortus is a hematophagous, gastrointestinal parasite affecting small ruminants. Parasitism by H. contortus is the greatest concern of sheep producers in the United States and accounts for billions of dollars in economic loss worldwide. However, different breeds of sheep display differences n natural resistance to H. contortus. St. Croix hair sheep have a remarkable ability to clear H. contortus without the aid of anthelmintics and develop a robust T helper type 2 (Th2) immune response, preventing establishment of infective stage 3 larvae (L3), when compared to susceptible Suffolk sheep. However, the mechanism of development of immune response and differences between resistant and susceptible breeds is not fully understood. In these studies, response of ovine monocytes, from resistant and susceptible breeds of sheep, to whole L3 were evaluated in vitro. Monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and cultured with L3 over 6 to 15 hours to measure gene expression and effector function, by measuring larval ATP and motility. Separation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) into monocytes and lymphocytes demonstrated a clear effector function of monocytes against L3. Monocyte and macrophage activation state have been associated with helminth infection and play an important role in induction of Th2 type responses for overall host protection. Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase in Suffolk monocytes rescued susceptibility, whereas inhibition of alternative pathways reduced effector function in both breeds, and thus, monocytes required arginase-1 for full effector function. Though St. Croix derived monocytes up-regulated genes associated with classical (M1) activation, early activation of alternative markers (M2) were present compared to Suffolk derived monocytes. Interleukin-13 (IL-13) is a cytokine critical to Th2 type immune response and promoting alternative activation of monocytes in context of helminth infection. Inhibition of IL-13 in monocyte culture dampened effector function in St. Croix derived cells. However, larval morbidity was not IL-13 dependent. Independent of cellular mechanisms, IL-13 was observed to cause larval paralysis, reducing larval speed and distance, identifying a previously unknown role of IL-13. Overall, St. Croix displayed increased paralytic activity of from monocyte culture supernatant, in conjunction with heightened monocyte-mediate larval morbidity, and therefore may be reflective resistance to H. contortus infection and development of full host protective immunity.
Cajal y sus dibujos: ciencia y arte

pequeño pueblo de Navarra, y falleció en Madrid el 17 de octubre de 1934. Estudió medicina y fue profesor de anatomía e histología en las universidades de Valencia (fig. 1), Barcelona y Madrid. Publicó decenas de artículos científicos y libros de suma importancia en el campo de la neurociencia y recibió los premios y distinciones honoríficas más importantes de la época, como el premio de Moscú en 1900, la medalla de oro de Helmholt en 1905 y el premio Nobel en Fisiología o Medicina en 1906. En este artículo veremos que las descripciones de Cajal del sistema nervioso, apoyadas por sus bellos y exactos dibujos, han supuesto el principal punto de arranque para adentrarnos en el fascinante mundo de la estructura y función del cerebro.
Utilidad de las proteínas de pollo y de soja en ratas nutridas o desnutridas con diarrea inducida por lactosa Utility of chicken and soybean protein in well-nourished or undernourished rats with lactose-induced diarrhea

* Laboratorio de Nutricion. Universidad Simon Bolivar. Valle de Sartenejas, Caracas, Apartado postal 89000, Caracas 1080A, Venezuela. Re su men En el tratamiento nutricional de la diarrea infantil se han utilizado con exito preparaciones liquidas que contienen pollo combinado con cereales y/o tuberculos, que se preparan en la institucion de hospitalizacion o en la casa. En un estudio anterior, se comparo la efectividad de formulas con proteinas de pollo o aislado de soja en el tratamiento de la diarrea infantil. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar en ratas con o sin diarrea, la utilizacion de las proteinas y la disponibilidad de nutrientes de dietas preparadas con pollo o aislado proteico de soja, para determinar si los resultados obtenidos en los ninos eran comparables a los obtenidos en ratas. Dado que la diarrea y la desnutricion frecuentemente estan presentes de manera simultanea, tambien se estudiaron grupos de animales con o sin diarrea previamente desnutridos. Los resultados mostraron que durante la diarrea las ratas desnutridas fueron igualmente eficientes que las nutridas en utilizar los nutrientes presentes en las dietas con pollo o soja, por lo que no experimentaron un deterioro nutricional mayor que las nutridas. Adicionalmente, la severidad de la diarrea fue similar en las ratas asignadas a las dietas con pollo o soja. Asimismo, las ratas con diarrea consumieron, crecieron, absorbieron y retuvieron menos de los macronutrientes dietarios que las ratas control. Sin embargo, este efecto de la diarrea fue similar en las ratas que consumieron proteina de soja o de pollo. Como estos resultados coinciden con los obtenidos previamente en ninos con diarrea aguda, se concluye que la proteina de soja es tan efectiva como la de pollo en el manejo nutricional de la diarrea y que la diarrea producida con lactosa en ratas es un modelo apropiado para el estudio de las consecuencias nutricionales de la misma.
Pulse Trawling: The Impact of Pulsed Direct Current on Early Life Stages of Sole Solea solea

Despite electric pulse fishing being regarded as a promising environmentally friendly fishing method, very little is known about possible negative effects on early life stages of bottom-dwelling species such as Sole Solea solea. Electrotrawling for brown shrimp Crangon crangon is increasingly used in shallow coastal zones and estuaries of the southern North Sea. As these fishing grounds are often important nurseries and spawning areas for various marine species, electrotrawling could therefore harm inhabiting fishes during their early life stages. Hence, this research aims to investigate the effect of electric pulses used to catch brown shrimp on the survival and development of Sole embryos and larvae. Exposure of Sole embryos at 2d postfertilization and larvae at 11d posthatching to pulsed DC used to catch brown shrimp did not result in a lower survival 8d after exposure. Additionally, no differences in yolk sac resorption and morphometric length measurements of the notochord, muscle, eye, and head were observed in the developing larvae.
Simulated moult reduces flight performance but overlap with breeding does not affect breeding success in a long-distance migrant

1. Long-distance migrants are time-constrained as they need to incorporate many annual cycle stages within a year. Migratory passerines moult in the short interval between breeding and migration. To widen this interval, moult may start while still breeding, but this results in flying with moulting wings when food provisioning. 2. We experimentally simulated wing gaps in breeding male pied flycatchers by plucking 2 primary feathers from both wings. We quantified the nest visitations of both parents, proportion of high-quality food brought to the nestlings and adults and nestlings condition. Differences in oxidative damage caused by a possible reduction in flight efficiency were measured in amounts of ROMs and OXY in the blood. We also measured how flight performance was affected with recordings of the male's escape flight using high-speed cameras. Finally, we collected data on adult survival, clutch size and laying date in the following year. 3. “Plucked” males travelled a 5% shorter distance per wingbeat, showing that our treatment reduced flight performance. In line with this, “plucked” males visited their nests less often. Females of “plucked” males, however, visited the nest more often than controls, and fully compensated their partner's reduced visitation rate. As a result, there were no differences between treatments in food quality brought to the nest, adult or chick mass or number of successfully fledged chicks. Males did not differ in their oxidative damage or local survival to the following year. In contrast, females paired with plucked males tended to return less often to breed in the next year in comparison to controls, but this difference was not significant. For the birds that did return there were no effects on breeding. 5. Our results reveal that wing gaps in male pied flycatchers reduce their flight performance, but when it occurs during breeding they prioritise their future reproduction by reducing parental care. As a result, there is no apparent detriment to their condition during breeding. Because non-moulting females are able to compensate their partner's reduced care, there is also no immediate costs to the offspring, but females may pay the cost suffering from a reduced survival. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Two new Tylopilus species (Boletaceae) from Northeastern Atlantic Forest, Brazil

The Atlantic Forest of Brazil harbors a great diversity of boletoid fungi, many of which remain to be documented and described. Two distinct taxa of Tylopilus from Northeastern Atlantic Forest, T. dunensis and T. pygmaeus , are proposed as new based on evidence from both morphological and molecular data. We provide detailed macro- and microscopic descriptions of each species including scanning electron micrographs of the basidiospores.
Comparison of medication acceptance of intranasal midazolam administered by parents versus doctors in children – A randomized trial

BACKGROUND: The positive effects of midazolam as a premedication in pediatric patients are well documented. Although there are many studies regarding the route and dosage of administration, literature does not have any evidence on the outcome of medication acceptance based on the person administering the drug. AIM: The aim of this study was to compare the medication acceptance and preoperative anxiolysis of intranasal midazolam administered by parents and anesthesiologists. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective randomized study was conducted in sixty children belonging to the American Society of Anesthesiologists Class 1 or 2 belonging to either sex, aged between 1 and 9 years, undergoing elective surgeries. Group P received intranasal midazolam administered by parents, whereas Group D received intranasal midazolam administered by doctors. Various scores were assessed. RESULTS: Children were more sedated in Group P. Clinically, medication acceptance was better in Group P when compared with Group D, but a statistically significant difference in medication acceptance was seen only in patients who are >4 years of age. Parental separation, Ramsay Sedation Score, and mask acceptance were better in Group P than in Group D. CONCLUSION: Intranasal midazolam when given by parents produces better preoperative anxiolysis and easier parental separation as compared with administration by a medical staff.
Beeinflussung der Expression von Cyclin D1 in Mantelzell-Lymphom-Zelllinien durch lentiviral produzierte siRNA

Das Mantelzell-Lymphom ist infolge der charakteristischen Translokation t(11;14)(q13;q32) durch eine deregulierte Expression von Cyclin D1 gekennzeichnet. Es war Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit, die Rolle des uberexprimierten Cyclin D1 mit Hilfe von Mantelzell-Lymphom-Zelllinien, die als Modell-System dienten, aufzuklaren. Dazu wurde unter Benutzung einer hoch effizienten Cyclin D1-siRNA und eines lentiviralen Infektions-Systems Cyclin D1 in den Mantelzell-Lymphom-Zelllinien hinunterreguliert. Die Ausschaltung von Cyclin D1 fuhrte uberraschenderweise nur zu einer moderaten Wachstums-Verzogerung und induzierte keine Apoptose. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass entweder nach der Hinunterregulation von Cyclin D1 das Wachstum durch Cyclin-unabhangige Mechanismen aufrechterhalten wird oder das die Uberexpression von Cyclin D1 bei der Lymphomgenese nur ein initiierendes Ereignis darstellt und im weiteren Verlauf von sekundaren genetischen Veranderungen abgelost wird.
Investigating the impact of ETP1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae during Chardonnay fermentation

INVESTIGATING THE IMPACT OF ETP1 IN SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE DURING CHARDONNAY FERMENTATION Ashley Hillier! Advisor: University of Guelph, 2013! Professor G. van der Merwe ! The wine yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae experiences a range of stress conditions during wine fermentation. These stresses include osmotic stress, hypoxia, nutrient starvation, cold stress and increasing ethanol stress as fermentable sugars are converted to ethanol. These various stresses affect the functionality of the plasma membrane, cell wall and subsequently the yeast’s efficiency during fermentation. Etp1, a poorly characterized protein has been shown to have several different fermentation related phenotypes; it is needed for the turnover of the hexose transporter Hxt3 upon a shift from glucose to ethanol, and the transcriptional activation of the stress response genes HSP12 and HSP26 under ethanol stress. The molecular function of Etp1 during fermentation is not understood. This research aims to understand the molecular mechanism of Etp1 function and its involvement in Chardonnay fermentation using the S. cerevisiae M2 wine yeast strain. Table of
signatureSearch: environment for gene expression signature searching and functional interpretation

Abstract signatureSearch is an R/Bioconductor package that integrates a suite of existing and novel algorithms into an analysis environment for gene expression signature (GES) searching combined with functional enrichment analysis (FEA) and visualization methods to facilitate the interpretation of the search results. In a typical GES search (GESS), a query GES is searched against a database of GESs obtained from large numbers of measurements, such as different genetic backgrounds, disease states and drug perturbations. Database matches sharing correlated signatures with the query indicate related cellular responses frequently governed by connected mechanisms, such as drugs mimicking the expression responses of a disease. To identify which processes are predominantly modulated in the GESS results, we developed specialized FEA methods combined with drug-target network visualization tools. The provided analysis tools are useful for studying the effects of genetic, chemical and environmental perturbations on biological systems, as well as searching single cell GES databases to identify novel network connections or cell types. The signatureSearch software is unique in that it provides access to an integrated environment for GESS/FEA routines that includes several novel search and enrichment methods, efficient data structures, and access to pre-built GES databases, and allowing users to work with custom databases.
The Needle in the Haystack: Identifying Credible Mobile Health Apps for Pediatric Populations during a Pandemic and beyond

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has ignited wider clinical adoption of digital health tools, including mobile health apps (mHealth apps), to address mental and behavioral health concerns at a distance. While mHealth apps offer many compelling benefits, identifying effective apps in the crowded and largely unregulated marketplace is laborious. Consumer demand and industry productivity are increasing, although research is slower, making it challenging for providers to determine the most credible and safe apps for patients in need. Objectives/Methods This commentary offers a practical, empirically guided framework and associated resources for selecting appropriate mHealth apps for pediatric populations during the pandemic and beyond. Results In the first stage, Narrow the target problem, end user, and contender apps. Beginning the search with continuously updated websites that contain expert app ratings can help expedite this process (e.g., Psyberguide). Second, Explore each contender app’s: (a) scientific and theoretical support (e.g., are app components consistent with health behavior change theories? ), (b) privacy policies, and (c) user experience (e.g., through crowdsourcing feedback about app usability and appeal via social media). Third, use clinical expertise and stakeholder feedback to Contextualize whether the selected app is a good fit for a particular patient and/or caregiver (e.g., by considering age, race/ethnicity, ability, gender, sexual orientation, technology access), including conducting a brief self-pilot of the app. Conclusion Youth are increasingly turning to technology for support, especially during the pandemic, and pediatric psychologists must be primed to recommend the most credible tools. We offer additional recommendations for rapidly disseminating evidence-based apps to the public.
Comparison of structural, antioxidant and immuno‐stimulating activities of polysaccharides from Tremella fuciformis in two different regions of China

1 College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Wushan Road 483, Guangzhou 510642, China 2 Infinitus (China) Company Ltd, 11 Xiancun Road, Guangzhou 510623, China 3 Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Guangzhou 510650, China
CovalentInDB: a comprehensive database facilitating the discovery of covalent inhibitors

Abstract Inhibitors that form covalent bonds with their targets have traditionally been considered highly adventurous due to their potential off-target effects and toxicity concerns. However, with the clinical validation and approval of many covalent inhibitors during the past decade, design and discovery of novel covalent inhibitors have attracted increasing attention. A large amount of scattered experimental data for covalent inhibitors have been reported, but a resource by integrating the experimental information for covalent inhibitor discovery is still lacking. In this study, we presented Covalent Inhibitor Database (CovalentInDB), the largest online database that provides the structural information and experimental data for covalent inhibitors. CovalentInDB contains 4511 covalent inhibitors (including 68 approved drugs) with 57 different reactive warheads for 280 protein targets. The crystal structures of some of the proteins bound with a covalent inhibitor are provided to visualize the protein–ligand interactions around the binding site. Each covalent inhibitor is annotated with the structure, warhead, experimental bioactivity, physicochemical properties, etc. Moreover, CovalentInDB provides the covalent reaction mechanism and the corresponding experimental verification methods for each inhibitor towards its target. High-quality datasets are downloadable for users to evaluate and develop computational methods for covalent drug design. CovalentInDB is freely accessible at http://cadd.zju. edu.cn/cidb/.
Comprehensive estimates of seabird–fishery interactions for the US Northeast and mid‐Atlantic

Relatively little is known about seabird–fishery interactions (i.e. bycatch) for the U.S. North-east and mid-Atlantic, despite concerted efforts to document observed interactions since 1989. Fisheries observer data were used to estimate seabird–fishery interactions for 10 species and six gear types that operated within the US Northeast and mid-Atlantic from 1996 to 2014. Hierarchical Bayes estimation was used and accounted for temporal, spatial, and operational considerations inherent in the data through post-stratification. Over the 19-year study period, 48 821 (coefficient of variation [CV] = 0.03) seabirds were estimated to have interacted with commercial fishing gear, resulting in an average of 2570 interactions per year. Trends in estimated interactions were explored using the marginal posterior distributions, with the majority of interactions pertaining to gillnets and shearwaters/fulmars. Comparison with previous work highlighted the need for consistency in data preparation, making it easier to compare relative trends in seabird bycatch estimates for the region. Future assessments should focus on providing context for the interaction estimates, so that population-level impacts can be inferred and the necessary conservation measures enacted.
Machine learning based prediction of functional capabilities in metagenomically assembled microbial genomes

The increasing popularity of genome resolved meta genomics - the binning of genomes of potentially uncultured organisms direct from the environmental DNA - has resulted in a deluge of draft genomes. There is a pressing need to develop methods to interpret this data. Here, we used machine learning to predict functional and metabolic traits of microbes from their genomes. We collated an extensive database of 84 phenotypic traits associated with 9407 prokaryotic genomes and trained different machine learning models on this data. We found that a lasso logistic regression based on the frequency of gene orthologs had the best combination of functional prediction performance and interpretability. This model was able to classify 65 phenotypic traits with greater than 90
Exploring Metallic Flavor Perception: Analysis of Human Salivary Proteins and the Use of the Iron-Binding Protein Lactoferrin in Reducing Metallic Off-Flavors

Metallic flavors are of concern for many industries including food, health, and water. Metallic off-flavor, induced by ferrous sulfate solution (10mg/L), and its remediation using preand post-rinse treatments of water (control) or metal chelators, were studied. Metal chelators included lactoferrin (1 μM), a natural metal-binding protein in milk and saliva, and EDTA (36 μM), a synthetic chelator. Time-intensity (TI) evaluation (n=6, 4 female; age 40-70) of lingering metallic flavor indicated that metallic flavor decreased with a post-rinse adjuvant treatment of lactoferrin as indicated by a reduced maximum intensity and area under the curve compared to a pre-rinse treatment; EDTA and water post-rinses were equally effective for three of the TI parameters. Alterations in salivary components were studied in saliva collected (n=8; 5 female, age 40-70) after sipping a lactoferrin solution (1μM) followed with a ferrous sulfate sample (10 mg/ml) to stimulate metallic flavor, as compared to unstimulated whole saliva. Protein concentration, oral lipid oxidation as indicated by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay, and iron concentration were determined on individual saliva samples, with no significant differences found between treatments (p>0.05). Protein patterns were qualitatively characterized for each pre-rinse and metallic stimuli from four panelists by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. A consistent pattern of regions containing major salivary components was observed. This research has shown that lactoferrin protein is a potential natural alternative to synthetic EDTA for reducing iron-induced metallic offflavors. This study provides a foundation of method development to better understand