Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of double mesa structures by E-beam lithography from high temperature superconducting Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ (Bi2212) for powerful terahertz emission

We work on a frequency tunable solid state device to meet the needs of continuous, coherent, powerful terahertz emission sources that fill practically important terahertz gap. High temperature superconducting (HTS) coherently oscillating Josephson junctions in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ (Bi2212) crystal make this approach very promising. Since doping dependence of Bi2212 is an important parameter, Bi2212 crystals are annealed in vacuum or purified argon gas flow at 425 °C. For further processing we pattern both single and double rectangular mesa structures by using electron beam lithography on the cleaved surface of the crystal. Resistance-temperature (R-T), and current-voltage behavior (I-V) measurements achieved.
Effect of post insemination progesterone supplement on pregnancy rates of repeat breeder friesian cows

Fifty repeat breeder (RB) Friesian cows were allocated to five groups of 10 cows each, to determine the effect of progesterone (P4) supplement on P4 concentrations and pregnancy rates during the periods of corpus luteum (CL) formation and development between days 2-7 and 7-12 following a spontaneous or PGF 2α -induced estrus. Cows were artificially inseminated during PGF 2α -induced (PGF-P4-d2 and PGF-P4-d7 groups) or spontaneous (S-P4-d2, S-P4-d7, and control groups) estrus. Progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (PRID) devoid of estrogen capsule were inserted either on d 2 (PGF-P4-d2 and S-P4-d2 groups) or d 7 (PGF-P4-d7 and S-P4-d7 groups) post-insemination and left in place for 5 days. Control cows did not receive any treatment. Blood samples were collected for progesterone analysis from all cows once daily for 4 days starting on the day of estrus (d 0) and once every 3 days thereafter until d 22. Progesterone treatment by day interaction accounted for higher plasma P4 in treated than non-treated control cows. Progesterone concentrations differed significantly (p<0.05) during metestrus (d 2 to d 7) but not during diestrus (d 7 to d 12). PGF 2α treatment, lactation number, service number or their interactions did not affect progesterone concentrations and pregnancy rates. Therefore, cows were grouped according to the day of P4 supplement irrespective of the PGF 2α treatment. Progesterone supplement on d 7 but not d 2 significantly increased (p<0.03) pregnancy rates in repeat breeding cows with four or more previous services but not in cows in their third service. In conclusion, post-insemination P4 supplement to repeat breeding cows with four or more previous services improved pregnancy rates and should be advocated when no specific reason for infertility is diagnosed. Further studies with larger numbers of repeat breeding cows under field conditions are needed to ascertain the findings of this study.
A neutral-point potential balancing algorithm for three-level NPC inverters using analytically injected zero-sequence voltage

Based on the zero-sequence component of the reference voltages, this paper comprehensively analyzes the neutral-point variation and balancing control for three-level neutral-point-clamped inverter. An analytical method is proposed to accurately calculate the injected zero-sequence voltage for NP balancing. Based on the analytical analysis, the limitation of NP balancing control is revealed and the NP-fully-controllable region is presented. A real-time NP balancing algorithm is proposed as well. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified using simulation results for a 6 kV/1800 kVA medium voltage drive.
Identification of the SL3-3 virus enhancer core as a T-lymphoma cell-specific element

Transient expression assays were used to determine the sequences within the long terminal repeat (LTR) that define the high activity in T-lymphoma cells of the leukemogenic SL3-3 virus in comparison with that of the nonleukemogenic Akv virus. Each of these viruses contains sequences related to the consensus element, the enhancer core. The SL3-3 and Akv enhancer cores differ at a single base pair. Substitution of the Akv core element into the SL3-3 LTR decreased expression in T-lymphoma cells but not in other cell types. Likewise, substitution of the SL3-3 core sequence into the Akv LTR increased expression in T-lymphoma cells but not in other types of hematopoietic cells. These data indicate that the SL3-3 enhancer core sequence functions better than that of Akv in T-lymphoma cells, but in other hematopoietic cell types the two are approximately equivalent. Competition DNA-protein binding assays were used to assess what nuclear factors from T-lymphoma lines and non-T lines bound to the SL3-3 and Akv core elements. Factors were detected that bound specifically to either the SL3-3 or Akv core but not to the other. Another factor was detected that bound equally well to both. However, none of these factors was specific to T-lymphoma cells.
Weather conditions and fatal self-harm in North Cheshire 1989–1993

Background We aimed to study the effect of weather conditions on the rate of all deaths due to fatal self-harm (FSH) reported in a population of 350 000. In this study the term FSH refers to all coroners' verdicts which were recorded in a specified period and included suicide, misadventure and open verdict. Method Five-year data of FSH in North Cheshire was analysed in relation to meteorological data, which were measured at the nearest meteorological office to the study population. Results Small but significant positive correlations were demonstrated between occurrence of FSH and hours of sunshine (P < 0.01) and diurnal variations in daily temperature (P < 0.05). These effects were independent of gender and psychiatric history. Conclusions Weather may influence the occurrence of FSH, probably interacting with biological and social variables. The rate of FSH death appears to be positively related to fine weather conditions, during early summer, and not to extreme weather conditions as previously reported.
Application of Marine Microbial Natural Products in Cosmetics

As the market size of the cosmetics industry increases, the safety and effectiveness of new products face higher requirements. The marine environment selects for species of micro-organisms with metabolic pathways and adaptation mechanisms different from those of terrestrial organisms, resulting in their natural products exhibiting unique structures, high diversity, and significant biological activities. Natural products are usually safe and non-polluting. Therefore, considerable effort has been devoted to searching for cosmetic ingredients that are effective, safe, and natural for marine micro-organisms. However, marine micro-organisms can be difficult, or impossible, to culture because of their special environmental requirements. Metagenomics technology can help to solve this problem. Moreover, using marine species to produce more green and environmentally friendly products through biotransformation has become a new choice for cosmetic manufacturers. In this study, the natural products of marine micro-organisms are reviewed and evaluated with respect to various cosmetic applications.
Mediating positive moods: the impact of experiencing compassion at work.

AIM The aim of this study was to examine the mediating effects of positive moods underlying the relationship between experiencing compassion at work and both job performance and organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB). BACKGROUND Employees who have experienced compassion might have more positive moods while at work; such moods have been connected to a host of important organisational outcomes such as better job performance and OCB. METHODS This study adopted a two-stage survey whose participants consisted of 269 registered nurses employed by hospitals in Taiwan. All hypotheses were tested using hierarchical regression analyses. RESULTS The results showed that positive moods mediate completely the relationship between experiencing compassion at work and both job performance and OCB. CONCLUSION When nurses frequently feel that their hospital, supervisors or co-workers are willing to listen to them, the strength that arises from this compassion can effectively increase job performance and OCB though the positive moods process. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT It is importance to cultivate a compassionate and caring culture throughout hospitals' hierarchies, especially from the top down. Nurses will have more opportunities to experience it, witness it, or participate in it when they work within a compassionate and caring organisational culture.
Dispersal and growth of yearling Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus, released into Chesapeake Bay*

Abstract– Signiﬁ cant ﬁ sheries for Ches-apeake Bay Atlantic sturgeon, Acipenser oxyrinchus, have been absent for nearly a century, and there has been no evi-dence of recovery in the intervening years. Endangerment of Atlantic stur-geon in the Chesapeake Bay has stim-ulated interest in aquaculture-based restoration programs. A critical and unknown issue is whether hatchery released ﬁ sh would encounter habitats that support growth and survival. In July 1996, approximately three thou-sand Atlantic sturgeon yearlings were released into Nanticoke River (Mary-land) and subsequently tracked to evaluate their growth and dispersal. Biotelemetry of 32 individuals showed down-estuary emigration into the Che-sa peake mainstem habitat during sum-mer and fall at average ground speeds below 0.5 km/d. During the ﬁ rst year after release, 262 yearlings were cap-tured by commercial ﬁ shermen. All yearlings and two-year-old ﬁ sh were determined to be of hatchery origin (8% capture rate). Yearlings were captured throughout the Chesapeake Bay main-stem and tributaries. Two released stur-geon were captured in the Albemarle Sound System (Chowan River, NC). Juveniles captured during summer and fall experienced ca. 1.5% daily speciﬁ c growth rate. Diets comprised annelid worms, isopods, amphipods, and mysids. Wide dispersal, high inci-dence of feeding, and positive growth rates suggested that hatchery-produced juveniles dispersed to areas that sup-ported consumption, growth, and sur-vival. Because the Chesapeake Bay continues to support juvenile habitats, we propose that curtailed or absent spawning stock or spawning habitat, or both, are principal factors that have contributed to lack of Atlantic sturgeon recovery during the twentieth century.
Extracellular matrix and transmembrane linkages at the termination of intrafusal fibers and the outer capsule in chicken muscle spindles

Attachments of intrafusal fibers and of the outer spindle capsule at the far polar region were examined by immunohistochemistry in serially sectioned chicken leg muscles. Patterns of distribution of connective tissues and intracellular filaments suggest that, in this segment of the muscle spindle, intrafusal fibers bind laterally with the capsule. Contrary to extrafusal fibers at myotendinous junctions, folded plasmalemmas at the ends of intrafusal fibers were rare. Thus, there was little end‐to‐end interlocking between intrafusal fibers and the extracellular matrix. The tapered contours of terminating intrafusal fibers resembled those of extrafusal fibers which end in fascicles without tendinous connections. At points where the distal portions of intrafusal fibers closely adjoined and overlapped extrafusal fibers, α‐actinin, vinculin, filamin, talin, β1 integrin, spectrin, and dystrophin occurred with moderate to great frequency. It is generally accepted that these compounds are links in molecular chains that extend from the intracellular space across cell membranes to the extracellular matrix. Their location along substantial lengths of extrafusal fibers, distal capsule, and terminating intrafusal fibers suggests the presence of numerous transverse connections between elements of the terminal portion of the spindle and nonspindle tissues. Hence, it is likely that forces monitored by chicken spindles in muscles undergoing length changes are transferred from extrafusal fibers and extracellular matrix to the receptors in large part via lateral shear instead of by longitudinal tension. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vulnerability of Wireless Networks to Interception

Abstract : This paper examines the vulnerability of wireless systems to interception, and provides some simple steps that can be taken to improve security. A commercially available computational electromagnetics software package was used to predict signal levels in complex indoor and urban environments. The simulation results can be used to determine the detection range of the network. Two basic scenarios are presented: (1) indoor-to-outdoor propagation for a local area network operating in a two story building, and (2) a wireless point-to-point link on an airbase. The simulations illustrate some of the unique propagation conditions that occur inside of buildings and in urban areas. This research has identified several possible system weaknesses and suggested some simple, yet effective, methods of improving security.
Achieving minimum caseload requirements--an analysis of hospital discharge data from 2005-2011.

BACKGROUND The German Federal Joint Committee (the highest decision-making body of physicians and health insurance funds in Germany) has established minimum caseload requirements with the goal of improving patient care. Such requirements have been in place for five types of surgical procedure since 2004 and were introduced for total knee endoprosthesis surgery in 2006 and for the care of low-birth-weight neonates (weighing less than 1250 g) in 2010. METHOD We analyzed data from German nationwide DRG statistics (DRG = diagnosis-related groups) for the years 2005-2011. The procedures that were performed were identified on the basis of their operation and procedure codes, and the low-birth-weight neonates on the basis of their birth weight and age. The treating facilities were distinguished from one another by their institutional identifying numbers, which were contained in the DRG database. RESULTS In 2011, there were 172 838 hospitalizations to which minimum caseload requirements were applicable. 4.5% of these took place in institutions that did not meet the minimum requirement for the procedure in question. The percentage of institutions that did not meet the minimum caseload requirement for complex pancreatic surgery fell significantly from 64.6% in 2006 to 48.7% in 2011, and the percentage of pancreatic surgery cases treated in such institutions fell over the same period from 19.0% to 11.4%. A significant reduction in the number of institutions treating low-birth-weight neonates was already evident before minimum caseload requirements were introduced. For all other types of procedure subject to minimum caseload requirements, there has been no significant change either in the percentage of institutions meeting the requirements or in the percentage of cases treated in such institutions. CONCLUSION After taking account of the potential bias due to the identification of institutions by their institutional identifying numbers, we found no discernible effect of minimum caseload requirements on care structures over the seven-year period of observation, with the possible exception of a mild effect on pancreatic procedures.
Analysis of KRAS, BRAF and NRAS in Patients with Colorectal Cancer: the First Report of Western Iran

Background: KRAS/NRAS/BRAF mutations are useful markers for predicting responses to anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies in metastatic colorectal cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and distribution by tumor localization of KRAS mutations in metastatic colorectal cancer and analysis of NRAS and BRAF in the patients in Western Iran. Materials and Methods: Between May 2008 and November 2014, Thirty- three patients with metastatic or high risk CRC were included in our study. DNA was extracted by FFPE QIAGEN Kit and also KRAS/NRAS and BRAF V600E were analyzed using allele specific PCR primers and pyrosequencing. The overall survival for patients was plotted by GraphPad Prism 5 software. Results: The mean of age for patients at diagnosis was 57.67±13.20 years (range, 28-80 years), 19 patients (57.6%) were male. Of 33 patients, 9 patients (27.3%) were high risk and rest of patients had metastasis that metastasis was more to liver and lung, respectively. Of 33 patients, 21 patients (63.6%) have KRAS wild-type and 12 patients (27.3%) have KRAS mutation. Also, 5 samples of patients were checked for BRAF and NRAS. The mean overall survival for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer was 20 months. Location of tumor in 32 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer was left-side colon. Conclusions: NRAS/BRAF testing should be used together and with KRAS genotype to select patients who will likely benefit from anti-EGFR therapy and also location of tumor probably in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer in western Iran is more on left-side colon that it needs other studies with greater volume of patients.
CXCR4 and CCR7: Two eligible targets in targeted cancer therapy

Cancer is one of the most common cause of death in the world with high negative emotional, economic, and social impacts. Conventional therapeutic methods, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, have not proven satisfactory and relapse is common in most cases. Recent studies have focused on targeted therapy with more precise identification and targeted attacks to the cancer cells. For this purpose, chemokine receptors are proper targets and among them, CXCR4 and CCR7, with a crucial role in cancer metastasis, are being considered as desired candidates for investigation. In this review paper, the most important experimental results are highlighted on the potential targeted therapies based on CXCR4 and CCR7 chemokine receptors.
Hafnium aluminum oxide as charge storage and blocking-oxide layers in SONOS-type nonvolatile memory for high-speed operation

The charge storage and program/erase mechanisms in polysilicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) memory structures with charge-storage layers of different materials are investigated in this paper. In particular, the use of a HfAlO charge-storage layer in a SONOS-type memory structure is proposed. Compared to other high-/spl kappa/ charge-storage layers, HfAlO has the advantage of high-speed program/erase of HfO/sub 2/ as well as the good charge-retention time of Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/, which makes HfAlO a promising candidate for the charge-storage layer in a SONOS-type memory. The use of HfAlO with different HfO/sub 2/ and Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ compositions as a blocking-oxide layer in SONOS-type structures is also investigated.
Mycotoxins in Crude Building Materials from Water-Damaged Buildings

ABSTRACT We analyzed 79 bulk samples of moldy interior finishes from Finnish buildings with moisture problems for 17 mycotoxins, as well as for fungi that could be isolated using one medium and one set of growth conditions. We found the aflatoxin precursor, sterigmatocystin, in 24% of the samples and trichothecenes in 19% of the samples. Trichothecenes found included satratoxin G or H in five samples; diacetoxyscirpenol in five samples; and 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, deoxynivalenol, verrucarol, or T-2-tetraol in an additional five samples. Citrinine was found in three samples. Aspergillus versicolor was present in most sterigmatocystin-containing samples, and Stachybotrys spp. were present in the samples where satratoxins were found. In many cases, however, the presence of fungi thought to produce the mycotoxins was not correlated with the presence of the expected compounds. However, when mycotoxins were found, some toxigenic fungi usually were present, even if the species originally responsible for producing the mycotoxin was not isolated. We conclude that the identification and enumeration of fungal species present in bulk materials are important to verify the severity of mold damage but that chemical analyses are necessary if the goal is to establish the presence of mycotoxins in moldy materials.
Functional Vision, Contrast Sensitivity, and Optical Aberrations

The term functional vision describes the impact of sight on quality of life. Recognizing faces and facial expressions, reading the newspaper, driving at night, performing vocational tasks, and participating in recreational pursuits all bear a relation to functional vision for ophthalmic patients. Functional vision not only implies the role of sight in safety and accident prevention but suggests the importance of high-quality vision in such vocations as astronomy, aeronautics, and visual arts. Visual acuity does not entirely reflect functional vision. As stated in the American Academy of Ophthalmology Basic and Clinical Science Course, “We know intuitively that given the appropriate set of circumstances each of us with 20/20 vision will function as a visually handicapped individual. Thus, when a person is driving into the sun at dusk, or dawn, changes in contrast sensitivity and the effect of glare alter detail discrimination. ” Multiple scientific studies have demonstrated that contrast sensitivity represents a robust indicator of functional vision. The contrast sensitivity function, measured under varying conditions of luminance and glare, establishes the limits of visual perception across the spectrum of spatial frequencies. Contrast sensitivity testing determines the relationship between the optical efficiency of the eye (modulation transfer function) and the minimum retinal threshold for pattern detection (modulation threshold function). Therefore, contrast sensitivity testing effectively describes the function of the physiological visual system as a whole. The correction of spherical and cylindrical refractive errors, whether by spectacles, contact lenses, or surgery, represents an integral part of the determination of the intrinsic contrast sensitivity of the visual system. Ametropias produce blur and hinder recognition of objects. Higherorder optical aberrations, such as spherical aberration and coma, also
Superconductivity phase diagram in the gauge-field description of the t-J model.

We analyze the effect that the gauge field has on the superconducting transition temperature in the {ital t}-{ital J} model. Mean-field theories of the {ital t}-{ital J} model tend to predict {ital d}-wave superconductivity at a very high temperature of the order of {ital T}{sub {ital c}}{sup 0}{congruent}0.15 J. We will show that this transition temperature is suppressed, if one takes a fluctuating gauge field into account. The underlying idea is that there is a significant reduction of free energy due to gauge-field fluctuations, which is partly lost when a superconducting gap opens up. This cost of energy prevents the system from going into a superconducting state. Superconductivity is only possible at an intermediate range of doping, when the superfluid density of holons is sufficiently large to stiffen the gauge field. These ideas are supported by a numerical analysis. We obtained a phase diagram in the doping-temperature plane, that shows that for {ital t}/{ital J}=3 the optimal {ital T}{sub {ital c}} occurs at a doping of {ital x}{congruent}0.15. One consequence of our analysis is that in this model the spin-gap phase is completely destroyed by gauge-field fluctuations.