Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Breathing Exercise Toward IgG, Beta Endorphin and Blood Glucose Secretion.

This study aimed to demonstrate the influence of breathing exercise to ward IgG, Beta Endorphin and Blood Glucose Secretion In The Elderly. This is experimental research with the pretest–posttest design. The sample used the elderly 10 men aged 35-45 years. The unit of analysis in this study was blood taken from cubity vein, checking the blood glucose levels used glucometer, beta-endorphin and IgG used ELISA method. Data analysis statistics using the SPSS for windows, was conducted the t-tests. The results showed that based on the statistical analysis, IgG significantly (p:0.013). The mean increase in IgG was 33.266 ng/mL, beta-endorphin significantly (p:0.000). The mean increase in endorphin was 3.922 ng/mL, and the decrease of blood glucose showed significant (p:0.000). The mean decrease in blood glucose levels was 28.9 mg/100ml. Blood glucose levels showed a decline after the breathing exercise. Conclusion, It can be concluded that regular, targeted and programmed breathing exercise seven week can increased the secretion of IgG and beta endorphins, as well as decreasing blood glucose levels. Breathing exercise are alternative sports to improve immunity.
Work output and blood glucose values in normal and in diabetic rats subjected to the stimulation of muscle.

It was previously shown (Ingle, 1948; Ingle and Nezamis, 1948) that muscular work accelerates the rate of fall of blood glucose in the eviscerate rat and increases the tolerance of the eviscerate rat for intravenously administered glucose. The eviscerate rat is insulin deficient. The present experiments involve normal and depancreatized rats which did not receive glucose or insulin. The stimulation of muscle caused a rapid fall in the level of blood glucose to hypoglycemic levels in both normal and in diabetic rats, but to lower and more frequently fatal levels in the normals. The output of work in those animals which survived was just as high in the diabetic animals as in the normals. methods Male rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain were depancreatized by the method of Ingle and Griffith (1942) at a weight of approximately 300 gms. The pancreas was removed as completely as possible. The stock diet was Archer Dog Pellets.
Phase I trial of the somatostatin analog octreotide acetate in the treatment of fluoropyrimidine-induced diarrhea.

PURPOSE Diarrhea is one of the dose-limiting toxicities for administration of fluorouracil (5FU) in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies and can result in severe morbidities or mortality. The somatostatin analog octreotide acetate has been used in the treatment of 5FU-induced diarrhea with promising results. A phase I trial was initiated to determine the maximum-tolerated dose of octreotide acetate that could be administered in this setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were required to have National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria > or = grade 2 diarrhea or watery diarrhea secondary to treatment with 5FU or a modulated 5FU regimen. At least three patients were treated at each dose level; after satisfactory completion of this dose level (zero of three or one of six patients with < or = grade 2 toxicity), additional patients were added at the next dose level. Doses of octreotide acetate studied were 50 to 2,500 micrograms subcutaneously three times daily for 5 days. RESULTS A total of 35 patients received 49 courses of therapy. The only significant toxicities occurred at 2,500 micrograms. At this dose level, one patient developed an allergic reaction with flushing, nausea, and dizziness after each of the first two injections. A second patient developed asymptomatic hypoglycemia with a serum glucose level of 26 mg/dL. The maximum-tolerated dose was 2,000 micrograms. The efficacy of the treatment correlated significantly (P = .01) with the dose of octreotide administered, and more patients completed the course of therapy at the higher doses. CONCLUSION Octreotide acetate can be safely administered for the treatment of fluoropyrimidine-induced diarrhea in patients with gastrointestinal malignancies. The dose-limiting toxicities were allergic (nausea, rash, and light-headedness) and endocrine (hypoglycemia). There was a significant correlation between complete response to therapy and octreotide dose.
Endoscopic anterior transmaxillary "transalisphenoid" approach to Meckel's cave and the middle cranial fossa: an anatomical study and clinical application.

OBJECTIVEMultiple approaches have been designed to reach the medial middle fossa (for lesions in Meckel's cave, in particular), but an anterior approach through the greater wing of the sphenoid (transalisphenoid) has not been explored. In this study, the authors sought to assess the feasibility of and define the anatomical landmarks for an endoscopic anterior transmaxillary transalisphenoid (EATT) approach to Meckel's cave and the middle cranial fossa.METHODSEndoscopic dissection was performed on 5 cadaver heads injected intravascularly with colored silicone bilaterally to develop the approach and define surgical landmarks. The authors then used this approach in 2 patients with tumors that involved Meckel's cave and provide their illustrative clinical case reports.RESULTSThe EATT approach is divided into the following 4 stages: 1) entry into the maxillary sinus, 2) exposure of the greater wing of the sphenoid, 3) exposure of the medial middle fossa, and 4) exposure of Meckel's cave and lateral wall of the cavernous sinus. The approach provided excellent surgical access to the anterior and lateral portions of Meckel's cave and offered the possibility of expanding into the infratemporal fossa and lateral middle fossa and, in combination with an endonasal transpterygoid approach, accessing the anteromedial aspect of Meckel's cave.CONCLUSIONSThe EATT approach to Meckel's cave and the middle cranial fossa is technically feasible and confers certain advantages in specific clinical situations. The approach might complement current surgical approaches for lesions of Meckel's cave and could be ideal for lesions that are lateral to the trigeminal ganglion in Meckel's cave or extend from the maxillary sinus, infratemporal fossa, or pterygopalatine fossa into the middle cranial fossa, Meckel's cave, and cavernous sinus, such as schwannomas, meningiomas, and sinonasal tumors and perineural spread of cutaneous malignancy.
Effects of irradiation on Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite hepatic development: implications for the design of pre‐erythrocytic malaria vaccines

Immunization with irradiation‐attenuated Plasmodium sporozoites confer protection against live sporozoite challenge. Protection relies primarily on cytotoxic lymphocyte activity against infected hepatocytes, and is suppressed when sporozoites are over‐irradiated. Here, we demonstrate that over‐irradiated (25–30 krad) Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites invade human hepatocytes and transform into uninucleate liver‐trophozoites with the same efficiency as non‐irradiated and irradiation‐attenuated (12–15 krad) sporozoites. Since hepatocytes infected with over‐irradiated non‐protective sporozoites are likely to express sporozoite‐derived peptide/major histocompatibility complex class I molecules on their surface, our results strongly suggest that sporozoite proteins are not the main immunogens involved in protection, and thus may not per se constitute proper malaria vaccine candidates.
PulseNet USA: a five-year update.

PulseNet USA is the molecular surveillance network for foodborne infections in the United States. Since its inception in 1996, it has been instrumental in detection, investigation and control of numerous outbreaks caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:[H7] (STEC O157), Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella spp. , and Campylobacter. This paper describes the current status of the network, including the methodologies used and its future possibilities. The currently preferred subtyping method in the network is pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), a proven highly discriminatory molecular subtyping method. New simpler sequencebased subtyping methods are under development and validation to complement and eventually replace PFGE. PulseNet is essentially a cluster detection network, but the data in the system will now also be used in attribution analyses of sporadic infections. The PulseNet platform will also be used as a primary tool in preparedness and response to acts of food bioterrorism.
Invariance principle and model reduction for the Fokker–Planck equation

The principle of dynamic invariance is applied to obtain closed moment equations from the Fokker–Planck kinetic equation. The analysis is carried out to explicit formulae for computation of the lowest eigenvalue and of the corresponding eigenfunction for arbitrary potentials. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Multiscale modelling at the physics–chemistry–biology interface’.
Structural Basis of LSD1-CoREST Selectivity in Histone H3 Recognition*

Histone demethylase LSD1 regulates transcription by demethylating Lys4 of histone H3. The crystal structure of the enzyme in complex with CoREST and a substrate-like peptide inhibitor highlights an intricate network of interactions and a folded conformation of the bound peptide. The core of the peptide structure is formed by Arg2, Gln5, and Ser10, which are engaged in specific intramolecular H-bonds. Several charged side chains on the surface of the substrate-binding pocket establish electrostatic interactions with the peptide. The three-dimensional structure predicts that methylated Lys4 binds in a solvent inaccessible position in front of the flavin cofactor. This geometry is fully consistent with the demethylation reaction being catalyzed through a flavin-mediated oxidation of the substrate amino-methyl group. These features dictate the exquisite substrate specificity of LSD1 and provide a structural framework to explain the fine tuning of its catalytic activity and the active role of CoREST in substrate recognition.
Role of Mitochondria in Silica-Induced Apoptosis of Alveolar Macrophages: Inhibition of Apoptosis by Rhodamine 6g and N -acetyl-L-cysteine

Induction of apoptosis by silica in alveolar macrophages (AM) may be a critical step in silica-induced lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis. This study investigated the mechanism(s) through which silica induces apoptosis in AM and their production of proinflammatory cytokines. Using N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) for glutathione (GSH) synthesis and removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and rhodamine 6G (R6G) to inhibit the mitochondrial-dependent function, this study found that silica-induced apoptosis of rat AM in primary culture is mitochondria dependent and exhibits a mechanism involving ROS generation, increased mitochondrial release of cytochrome c, and the activation of caspase 9, but not caspase 8, activity. Silica-induced apoptosis was accompanied by a lowering of intracellular and mitochondrial GSH (mGSH) and was blocked by pretreatment of cells with NAC or R6G. When cells were exposed to silica and then treated with either NAC or R6G, silica-induced apoptosis was not affected by the blocking agent. In addition, R6G, which inhibited cellular ATP production and mitochondrial ROS generation, had no effect on apoptosis induced by exogenous hydrogen peroxide or superoxide. Pretreatment of cells with NAC or R6G also inhibited silica-induced production of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, but the inhibition of these cytokines with agents known to block their secretion did not protect cells from silica-induced apoptosis. Data indicate that silica-induced apoptosis is mediated through mitochondrial generation of ROS, which may be inhibited by pretreatment of cells with R6G that prevents ROS generation, or with NAC that maintains a high level of mGSH. The secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α by silica-exposed AM was markedly inhibited by NAC and R6G, suggesting that the production of these cytokines is also ROS dependent.
Identification of p53 Mutations in Endometrial Adenocarcinoma by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism

OBJECTIVE: We determined whether mutations in p53 exons 5-6-7-8, as detected in the polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) test, might be correlated with stage or grade in endometrial adenocarcinoma. METHODS: We amplified sequences containing exons 5, 6, 7, or 8 in DNA from tumors and controls. Mutation within the amplified sequences was indicated by changes in electrophoretic mobility (band shifts) in the SSCP test. The results were analyzed statistically and compared with the results of other, similar studies. RESULTS: We identified 15 band shifts among 47 endometrial tumors studied (band shifts in two different exons in two cases) and none among 42 controls. Band shifts in exons 5 and 8 were associated uniformly with grade 2 or grade 3 histology. In other studies p53 mutations were correlated with advanced-stage malignancy. CONCLUSION: Further evaluation of particular p53 mutations and their relation to disease course in endometrial adenocarcinoma seems warranted. The PCR-SSCP test seems well-suited to this purpose. (J Soc Gynecol Invest 1994 ;1 :234-7)
What do we mean when we write “senescence,”“apoptosis,”“necrosis,” or “clearance of dying cells”?

The clearance of dying cells has become an important field of research. Apart from a significant increase in our understanding of the mechanisms for uptake, cell clearance is a basic mechanism in tissue homeostasis, cancer, resolution of inflammation, induction of tolerance, and autoimmunity. Phagocytosis of dying cells is a complex process, involving many interacting molecules on the dying cell and the phagocyte, and in the microenvironment. Although much is known on the subject, there are many questions and unknown variables that remain under investigation. Naturally, different terms were developed, among which some are misused, leading sometimes to pseudoconflicts of understanding. Several receptors were described as “phosphatidylserine receptor: are they all equal? ” We will revise terms such as apoptosis, primary and secondary necrosis, lysed cells, senescent cells, clearance of apoptotic cells, efferocytosis, and more. We will try to point out misnomers, misunderstandings, and contradictions, and to define a consensual vocabulary.
Predicting Utility Ratings for Joint Health States from Single Health States in Prostate Cancer: Empirical Testing of 3 Alternative Theories

Background. Cost-effectiveness analyses measure quality of life by associating utilities with specific health states. Utilities are often defined by single health states, such as incontinence or impotence in the case of prostate cancer treatments. Health conditions often occur simultaneously, yielding joint health states (e.g., impotence with incontinence). Given the combinatorial mathematics involved, even a small number of conditions can result in large numbers of potential joint states, complicating utility elicitation for all relevant states. Analytic predictions for joint-state utilities have been based on 3 theoretical models: 1) multiplicative, 2) additive, and 3) minimum models. These models' empirical accuracy for joint-state utility prediction has been minimally examined. The authors compared these 3 models for predicting joint-state utilities from single-state utilities in men at the time of prostate biopsies. Methods. Utilities were collected using time tradeoff in 2 university-based prostate biopsy clinics (N = 147). Single-state utilities were elicited for impotence, incontinence, watchful waiting, and post-prostatectomy. Joint-state utilities were elicited for states combining impotence with 1) incontinence, 2) postprostatectomy, or 3) watchful waiting. Testing 3 prediction models of joint-state utilities for bias and consistency, the predictions were compared against directly elicited joint-state utilities. Results. All 3 models are biased. The minimum model is preferred, being the least biased and most efficient. Conclusions. No current model accurately predicts joint-state utility using the component single-state utilities. When possible, joint-state utilities should be elicited. If not possible, the minimum model is recommended. Research to identify better models is needed.
Current Trends in Knee Arthroplasty.

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a commonly performed surgical procedure designed to alleviate knee pain and improve function in individuals with knee osteoarthritis the purpose of collecting the latest information and updating the reports is to summarize the published articles and inform the colleagues. In so doing, the articles published in American journals of arthroplasty and joint surgery and the proceedings of the conferences that were mostly held in 2004 have been utilized so that delicate and precise spotlights retrieved from scholars' breakthroughs can be applied in daily medical practices. It should be noted that this surgery is as much effective as cardiovascular bypass surgery in enhancing the quality of the patients' lives. Pain is one of the major problem for patients underwent Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA); appropriate pain management is a key factor that can result early to move, physiotherapy, and most importantly, patient satisfaction. Results of recent meta-analyses demonstrated that using COAS for TKA significantly reduced the relative risk of excessive implant misalignment by 25% compared TKA. Infection after total knee replacement (IATJ) is a rare complication. Gentamicin, tobramycin and vancomycin are good alternatives as thermoresistant agents.
Assessment of Chosen Parameters of the Immune System in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

The immunosuppressive effect of cytostatics, basic therapeutic agents in the treatment of proliferative diseases of the hematopoietic system, and the rising number of children cured from acute leukaemias form together a need to monitor the status of the immune system following cessation of therapy. Surface antigens in lymphocytes from peripheral blood were assessed in 16 children directly after intensive chemotherapy (i.e., after protocol II of the BMF program) and in 25 children 12-13 months following conclusion of acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment. The results were compared to data obtained from children never afflicted with neoplastic disease. A significant decrease in the average number of lymphocyte subpopulations was noted in the case of the treated children directly after intensive chemotherapy. The average values of lymphocyte subpopulations in children with concluded treatment are within the norm, with the exception of NK and TS lymphocytes.
Prozessmanagement im Krankenhaus: Nutzen, Anforderungen und Visionen

Die Qualitat der Patientenversorgung, die Abwicklung medizinisch-organisatorischer Ablaufe und die schnelle Verfugbarkeit von Daten zu Behandlungsprozessen hangen in hohem Mase voneinander ab. Doch erleichtern heutige Krankenhausinformationssysteme (KIS) die Abstimmung und Kontrolle von Arbeitsablaufen nur unzureichend. Auf der Anwenderseite ist daher bereits seit einiger Zeit ein stark zunehmendes Interesse an der Einfuhrung prozessorientierter KIS zu beobachten, die den Weg des Patienten von der Einbestellung uber die Aufnahme, die Diagnostik und die Therapie bis zur Entlassung elektronisch unterstutzen und uberwachen. Fest steht: Die richtige oder falsche Entscheidung eines Krankenhauses in Bezug auf die einzusetzende Informationstechnologie wird kunftig wettbewerbsentscheidend sein. So kann ein prozessorientiertes KIS dazu beitragen, Prozesslaufzeiten zu verkurzen, das Qualitatsmanagement zu verbessern und die Zufriedenheit von Patienten und Mitarbeitern zu erhohen. Zu uberlegen ist, inwieweit die bisher technologisch noch nicht ausgereiften Workflow-Management-Systeme bereits in bestimmten Teilbereichen Krankenhausablaufe wirksam unterstutzen konnen.
An Opinion on “Staging” of Infant Formula: A Developmental Perspective on Infant Feeding

Abstract Breast milk is a dynamic fluid with compositional changes occurring throughout the period of lactation. Some of these changes in nutrient concentrations reflect the successively slowing growth rate and developmental changes in metabolic requirements that infants undergo during the first year of life. Infant formula, in contrast, has a static composition, intended to meet the nutritional requirements of infants from birth to 6 or 12 months of age. To better fit the metabolic needs of infants and to avoid nutrient limitations or excesses, we suggest that infant formulas should change in composition with the age of the infant, that is, different formulas are created/used for different ages during the first year of life. We propose that specific formulas for 0 to 3 months (stage 1), 3 to 6 months (stage 2), and 6 to 12 months (stage 3) of age may be nutritionally and physiologically advantageous to infants. Although this initially may impose some difficult practical/conceptual issues, we believe that this staging concept would improve nutrition of formula-fed infants and, ultimately, improve outcomes and make their performance more similar to that of breast-fed infants.
N-Methyl-d-Aspartate-Induced Oscillatory Properties in Neocortical Pyramidal Neurons From Patients With Epilepsy

N-Methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors have been implicated in epileptogenesis, but how these receptors contribute to epilepsy remains unknown. In particular, their role is likely to be complicated because of their voltage-dependent behavior. Here, the authors investigate how activation of NMDA receptors can affect the intrinsic production of oscillation and the resonance properties of neocortical pyramidal neurons from children with intractable epilepsy. Intracellular whole-cell patch clamp recordings in cortical slices from these patients revealed that pyramidal neurons do not produce spontaneous oscillation under control conditions. However, they did exhibit resonance around 1.5 Hz. On NMDA receptor activation, with bath-applied NMDA (10 &mgr;M), the majority of neurons produced voltage-dependent intrinsic oscillation associated with a change in the stability of the neuronal system as reflected by the whole-cell I-V curve. Furthermore, the degree of resonance was amplified while the frequency of resonance was shifted to lower frequencies (∼1 Hz) in NMDA. These results suggest that NMDA receptors may both promote the production of low-frequency oscillation and sharpen the response of the cell to lower frequencies. Both these behaviors may be amplified in tissue from patients with epilepsy, resulting in an increased propensity to generate seizures.