Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
O 7-1 : Cytokinin induced photomorphogenesis in dark-grown Arabidopsis : a proteome analysis

Depending on light access plants use two distinct developmental programs. Dark-grown plants invest stored nutrients on stem elongation (skotomorphogenesis) while under light conditions development of the photosynthetic apparatus is supported (photomorphogenesis). Cytokinins (CKs) can partially replace effect of light in a transition from skototo photomorphogenesis. We investigated, at the proteome level, the transition induced in Arabidopsis dark-grown seedlings by increased levels of endogenous CKs achieved using a pOp-ipt/LhGR system. Total seedling proteins were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Image analysis revealed spots that differed significantly between controls and seedlings with increased CK levels. Candidate proteins were identified by both MALDI-MS and LC-MS/MS. Chloroplast and nuclear proteins represent two major groups in the candidates. A number of them might be involved in chloroplast maturation induced by increased levels of endogenous CKs in the dark grown seedlings. The relevance of the candidate proteins in the CK induced transition from skototo photomorphogenesis will be determined in subsequent experiments. (Supported by grants MSM143100008, MSM0021622415, FRVŠ 804/2005, IAA600380507 and AVOZ50040507.)
Meat Consumption is Associated with Less Stunting among Toddlers in Four Diverse Low-Income Settings

Background Early growth faltering is common but is difficult to reverse after the first 2 years of life. Objective To describe feeding practices and growth in infants and young children in diverse low-income settings prior to undertaking a complementary feeding trial. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted through the Global Network for Women's and Children's Health Research in Guatemala, Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia, and Pakistan. Feeding questionnaires were administered to convenience samples of mothers of 5- to 9-month old infants and 12- to 24-month-old toddlers. After standardized training, anthropometric measurements were obtained from the toddlers. Following the 2006 World Health Organization Growth Standards, stunting was defined as length-for-age < −2SD, and wasting as weight-for-length < −2SD. Logistic regression was applied to evaluate relationships between stunting and wasting and consumption of meat (including chicken and liver and not including fish). Results Data were obtained from 1,500 infants with a mean (± SD) age of 6.9 ± 1.4 months and 1,658 toddlers with a mean age of 17.2 ± 3.5 months. The majority of the subjects in both age groups were breastfed. Less than 25% of the infants received meat regularly, whereas 62% of toddlers consumed these foods regularly, although the rates varied widely among sites. Stunting rate ranged from 44% to 66% among sites; wasting prevalence was less than 10% at all sites. After controlling for covariates, consumption of meat was associated with a reduced likelihood of stunting (OR = 0.64; 95% CI, 0.46 to 0.90). Conclusions The strikingly high stunting rates in these toddlers and the protective effect of meat consumption against stunting emphasize the need for interventions to improve complementary feeding practices, beginning in infancy.
Ramanujan Signing of Regular Graphs

A signing of a graph $G=(V,E)$ is a function $s:E \rightarrow \{-1,1\}$. A signing defines a graph $\widehat{G}$, called a {\em 2-lift of $G$}, with vertex set $V(G)\times\{-1,1\}$. The vertices $(u,x)$ and $(v,y)$ are adjacent iff $(u,v) \in E(G)$, and $x \cdot y = s(u,v)$. The corresponding signed adjacency matrix$A_{G,s}$ is a symmetric $\{-1,0,1\}$-matrix, with $(A_{G,s})_{u,v} = s(u,v)$ if $(u,v) \in E$, and $0$ otherwise.
Long-Term Depression at the Mossy Fiber–Deep Cerebellar Nucleus Synapse

Several lines of evidence have indicated that the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) are a site of memory storage for certain forms of motor learning, most notably associative eyelid conditioning. In particular, these experiments, together with network models, have implicated the excitatory glutamatergic synapse between mossy fibers and DCN neurons in this memory trace. However, to date, evidence for persistent use-dependent change in the strength of this synapse has been almost entirely absent. Here, we report that high-frequency burst stimulation of mossy fibers, either alone or paired with postsynaptic depolarization, gives rise to long-term depression (LTD) of the mossy fiber–DCN synapse. This form of LTD is not associated with changes in the paired-pulse ratio and is blocked by loading with a postsynaptic Ca2+ chelator but not by bath application of an NMDA receptor antagonist. Mossy fiber–DCN LTD requires activation of a group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) and protein translation. Unlike mGluR/translation-dependent LTD in other brain regions, this form of LTD requires mGluR1 and is mGluR5 independent.
Dysfunctional voiding and incontinence scoring system: quantitative evaluation of incontinence symptoms in pediatric population.

PURPOSE Functional voiding problems in children are common. Although pathophysiology and presentation of this clinical entity are well described, there is not yet a generally accepted method of quantitative and standard evaluation of clinical symptoms, and there are few studies addressing the issue of symptom scoring in children. We investigated use of a symptom scoring system in children with functional voiding problems and the normal population, and validated it using a scientific tool. MATERIALS AND METHODS A symptom scoring system was designed empirically. The questionnaire was composed of items regarding daytime symptoms, nighttime symptoms, voiding habits, bowel habits and quality of life. There were 2 groups whose symptoms were evaluated using this scoring system. Group 1 consisted of 86 patients who were admitted to our clinic with various wetting and daytime voiding problems. Group 2 consisted of 265 controls with no urological complaints. Parents of all children were asked to fill out a questionnaire that included the symptom scoring system. Boys with lower urinary tract abnormalities, and patients with spina bifida occulta and neurogenic bladder were excluded from the study. Odds ratios of answers to each item in the questionnaire were used to define strength of the questions to differentiate patients from healthy controls. According to the value of odds ratios, questions were modified and a score for each question was given. Receiver operating characteristic plots were used to define detection cutoff or threshold score, and Youden's index was used to detect best reflecting optimal sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS The total score was determined to range from 0 to 35, and items were modified to 13 questions and 1 quality of life question at the end of the study. Among the 86 patients in group 1 (female-to-male ratio 1.5:1) mean score was 18.56. Among the 265 controls in group 2 (female-to-male ratio 1.5:1) mean score was 2.88. Statistical analysis revealed that within a confidence interval of 96.2% patients with a score of 8.5 or greater had voiding abnormalities, with 90% sensitivity and 90% specificity. There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 genders and 2 age groups of 4 to 7 and 8 to 10 years. CONCLUSIONS This statistically validated functional voiding problems symptom score may provide accurate, objective and scientific bases to grade the symptoms in comparative research, diagnosis, treatment and followup of patients with wetting and functional voiding disorders.
Pattern Recognition and Text-Dependent Recognition for a Mobile Robot

Pattern Recognition and Audio Processing are important aspects in the control and behavior of mobile robots. Mobile robot's action depends on the recognition of visual and audio stimuli in order to reflect intelligent behavior of the robot. This work presents two recognition systems developed using morphological operations and Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) with Backpropagation Neural Networks (BNN) to process visual and audio data respectively. The objective is to design a person tracking system for a mobile robot with text dependent pitch recognition and a visual pattern recognition mechanism. The BNN will awake the robot from the idle position, while the visual stimulation will be used to track the person given the command.
Fbxo28 promotes mitotic progression and regulates topoisomerase IIα-dependent DNA decatenation

ABSTRACT Topoisomerase IIα is an essential enzyme that resolves topological constraints in genomic DNA. It functions in disentangling intertwined chromosomes during anaphase leading to chromosome segregation thus preserving genomic stability. Here we describe a previously unrecognized mechanism regulating topoisomerase IIα activity that is dependent on the F-box protein Fbxo28. We find that Fbxo28, an evolutionarily conserved protein, is required for proper mitotic progression. Interfering with Fbxo28 function leads to a delay in metaphase-to-anaphase progression resulting in mitotic defects as lagging chromosomes, multipolar spindles and multinucleation. Furthermore, we find that Fbxo28 interacts and colocalizes with topoisomerase IIα throughout the cell cycle. Depletion of Fbxo28 results in an increase in topoisomerase IIα−dependent DNA decatenation activity. Interestingly, blocking the interaction between Fbxo28 and topoisomerase IIα also results in multinucleated cells. Our findings suggest that Fbxo28 regulates topoisomerase IIα decatenation activity and plays an important role in maintaining genomic stability.
A Complete Understanding Speech System Based on Semantic Concepts

In this work, we present a complete speech understanding system based on our speech recognizer: ESPERE. The input signal is processed and the best sentence is then proposed to the understanding module. In our case, the understanding problem is considered as a matching process between two different languages. At the entry, the request expressed in natural language and at the output the corresponding SQL form. The SQL request is obtained after an intermediate step in which the entry is expressed in terms of concepts. A concept represents a given meaning, it is defined by a set of words sharing the same semantic properties. In this paper, we propose a new Bayesian classifier to automatically extract the underlined concepts. We also propose a new approach for vector representation of words. Then, we describe the postprocessing step during which, we label our sentences and we generate the corresponding SQL queries. We conclude our paper by describing the integration step of our understanding module in a complete platform of human-machine oral intercation.
Opioids, respiratory function, and dyspnea

Dyspnea, the sensation of difficult breathing, is a common debilitating symptom in advanced cancer and chronic progressive cardiopulmonary disease. Primary treatment is correction of the underlying etiology. In incurable illness wherein the cause is irreversible and the goal is palliation, opioids are the drugs of choice for symptomatic relief. This article reviews current knowledge in the pathophysiology of dyspnea, proposed opioid mechanism of action, and evidence of efficacy.
The Vibrio parahaemolyticus effector VopC mediates Cdc42‐dependent invasion of cultured cells but is not required for pathogenicity in an animal model of infection

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a Gram‐negative marine bacterium that causes acute gastroenteritis in humans. The virulence of V. parahaemolyticus is dependent upon a type III secretion system (T3SS2). One effector for T3SS2, VopC, is a homologue of the catalytic domain of cytotoxic necrotizing factor (CNF), and was recently reported to be a Rho family GTPase activator and to be linked to internalization of V. parahaemolyticus by non‐phagocytic cultured cells. Here, we provide direct evidence that VopC deamidates Rac1 and CDC42, but not RhoA, in vivo. Our results alsosuggest that VopC, through its activation of Rac1, contributes to formation of actin stress fibres in infected cells. Invasion of host cells, which occurs at a low frequency, does not seem linked to Rac1 activation, but instead appears to require CDC42. Finally, using an infant rabbit model of V. parahaemolyticus infection, we show that the virulence of V. parahaemolyticus is not dependent upon VopC‐mediated invasion. Genetic inactivation of VopC did not impair intestinal colonization nor reduce signs of disease, including fluid accumulation, diarrhoea and tissue destruction. Thus, although VopC can promote host cell invasion, such internalization is not a critical step of the disease process, consistent with the traditional view of V. parahaemolyticus as an extracellular pathogen.
MATLAB-based Tools for Modelling and Control of Underactuated Mechanical Systems

Underactuated systems, defined as nonlinear mechanical systems with fewer control inputs than degrees of freedom, appear in a broad range of applications including robotics, aerospace, marine and locomotive systems. Studying the complex low-order nonlinear dynamics of appropriate benchmark underactuated systems often enables us to gain insight into the principles of modelling and control of advanced, higher-order underactuated systems. Such benchmarks include the Acrobot, Pendubot and the reaction (inertia) wheel pendulum. The aim of this paper is to introduce novel MATLAB-based tools which were developed to provide complex software support for modelling and control of these three benchmark systems. The presented tools include a Simulink block library, a set of demo simulation schemes and several innovative functions for mathematical and simulation model generation.
Knowledge Calibration and Knowledge Management

The purpose of this article is to describe the concept of knowledge calibration within the context of knowledge management. Knowledge calibration is a concept borrowed from the psychology of decision making. It refers to the correspondence between knowledge accuracy and the confidence with which knowledge is held. Calibration is a potentially important concept for knowledge management because it describes one of the subtle errors that can lead to poor decisions. Where the correspondence between the accuracy of one’s knowledge and the confidence in that knowledge is high, decisions are described as well calibrated; but poor correspondence implies miscalibrated decisions. Since one concern of the field of knowledge management is the best use of knowledge for decision-making purposes, this topic is relevant.
AIS as a Facilitator of Accounting Change: Technology, Practice, and Education

The accounting information systems (AIS) field is undergoing expansive changes, both professionally and academically. The AIS sections of the American Accounting Association (AAA) have grown, jointly enrolling close to 900 members and publishing two journals. The field has at least four other journals being published, with others emerging. Research areas once traditionally part of the AIS domain (Brown, Wong, and Baldwin 2007; Chiu, Liu, and Vasarhelyi 2014) are progressively overlapping with more traditional literatures. For example, financial accounting research, especially market research, has expanded the usage of text mining (Berry 2004); traditional auditing literature has begun to address continuous auditing (Vasarhelyi and Halper 1991; Alles, Kogan, and Vasarhelyi 2004); managerial accounting literature has discussed ERP (enterprise resource planning) systems (Kuhn and Sutton 2010; O’Leary 2009); and fraud literature has discussed the use of such tools as data mining (Ravisankar, Ravi, Raghava Rao, and Bose 2011) and neural networks (Huang, Tsaih, and Lin 2012). At the same time, accrediting bodies are pressuring schools to enhance the technological content of accounting courses across the curriculum:
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE FALLOPIAN TUBE

The anatomy and physiology of the human fallopian tube are described and discussed; then, these facts are correlated with clinical considerations as they relate to tubal factor infertility. Anatomically the human oviduct is a tubular, seromuscular organ attached distally to the ovary and proximally to the lateral aspect of the uterine fundus. Its length averages 11-12 cm. The oviduct can be divided into 4 main segments: 1) the infundibulum, whose terminal end contains the tubal ostium; 2) the ampullary region; 3) the isthmic portion; and 4) the intramural or interstitial portion, which is contained in the wall of the uterus. 4 electron micrographs illustrate these areas. Also discussed in this reveiw are the vascular analtomy, the lymphatics, and neuroanatomy of the fallopian tubes. Physiologic functions discussed in this article include the role of the fallopian tube in sperm transport, its part in sperm maintenance and capacitation, and the tube's function in ovum transport, fertilization, and embryo transport. Clinically, the role of the myosalpinx is undetermined, although it may affect tubal motility and ovum transport. The dense adrenergic innervation of the oviductal isthmus, along with the myosalpinx, suggests that innervation may be required for sphincter-like activity, although again no evidence exists for innervation being required in normal reproduction. The mucosa provides nutrients which may or may not be essential to normal reproduction, and its cilia seems uncritical in gamete transport and embryogenesis. Evidence shows that the uterotubal junction and the ampullary-isthmic junction are not necessary for conception (based on success rates of implantation procedures). Reversal of fimbriectomy is the most difficult and up to 1-cm of ampulla may be removed and resected and still maintain fertility.
Automatic control: the vertebral column of dogfish sharks behaves as a continuously variable transmission with smoothly shifting functions

ABSTRACT During swimming in dogfish sharks, Squalus acanthias, both the intervertebral joints and the vertebral centra undergo significant strain. To investigate this system, unique among vertebrates, we cyclically bent isolated segments of 10 vertebrae and nine joints. For the first time in the biomechanics of fish vertebral columns, we simultaneously characterized non-linear elasticity and viscosity throughout the bending oscillation, extending recently proposed techniques for large-amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) characterization to large-amplitude oscillatory bending (LAOB). The vertebral column segments behave as non-linear viscoelastic springs. Elastic properties dominate for all frequencies and curvatures tested, increasing as either variable increases. Non-linearities within a bending cycle are most in evidence at the highest frequency, 2.0 Hz, and curvature, 5 m−1. Viscous bending properties are greatest at low frequencies and high curvatures, with non-linear effects occurring at all frequencies and curvatures. The range of mechanical behaviors includes that of springs and brakes, with smooth transitions between them that allow for continuously variable power transmission by the vertebral column to assist in the mechanics of undulatory propulsion. Highlighted Article: Characterization of non-linear elasticity and viscosity throughout the bending oscillation reveals that the shark vertebral column behaves as both a spring and a brake, with smooth transitions between them for continuously variable power transmission.
A Proposal for a W3C XG on Uncertainty Reasoning for the World Wide Web

The Semantic Web envisions effortless cooperation between humans and computers, seamless interoperability and information exchange among web applications, and rapid and accurate identification and invocation of appropriate Web services. At the current stage of evolution in Semantic Web research, there is a growing understanding that a major step towards this vision involves the implementation of principled uncertainty representation and reasoning in SW applications. This position paper introduces initial thoughts on how the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Incubator XG process could be employed to move forward the concept of a Web with uncertainty.
Chemical Composition Variability of the Herb Essential Oil in the Ontogenesis of Artemisia campestris subsp. campestris

The essential oil from the herb of Artemisia campestris L. subsp. campestris harvested at five ontogenesis phases was analyzed by GC, GC/MS and 1H NMR spectroscopy. More than 130 compounds were identified. Terpene hydrocarbons dominated in the oil. Germacrene D (20.3-30.1%), β-pinene (3.7-15.4%) and γ-humulene (6.6-9.8%) were the main constituents. The contents of germacrene D and γ-humulene decreased from the phase before bud formation to the beginning of flowering, then increased until the post-flowering phase. The content of β-pinene at the same periods firstly increased, and then was reduced.
Research on Application of Fuzzy Neural Networks for Logistics Forecasting

In this paper, a fuzzy neural network system to estimate future logistics demand was proposed and trained. The structure of neural network in the system is different from BP network, with the nonlinear sigmoid functions in the networks replaced by fuzzy reasoning process and wavelet functions respectively. Moreover, the trained network system is put into practical logistics demand forecasting. The experimental results show that it has good properties such as a fast convergence, high precision and strong function approximation ability and is good at predicting future logistics amount.
Novel fungal consortium pretreatment of waste oat straw to enhance economic and efficient biohydrogen production

Bio-pretreatment using a fungal consortium to enhance the efficiency of lignocellulosic biohydrogen production was explored. A fungal consortium comprised of T. viride and P. chrysosporium as microbial inoculum was compared with untreated and single-species-inoculated samples. Fungal bio-pretreatment was carried out at atmospheric conditions with limited external energy input. The effectiveness of the pretreatment is evaluated according to its lignin removal and digestibility. Enhancement of biohydrogen production is observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. Fungal consortium pretreatment effectively degraded oat straw lignin (by >47% in 7 days) leading to decomposition of cell-wall structure as revealed in SEM images, increasing biohydrogen yield. The hydrogen produced from the fungal consortium pretreated straw increased by 165% 6 days later, and was more than produced from either a single fungi species of T. viride or P. chrysosponium pretreated straw (94% and 106%, respectively). No inhibitory effect on hydrogen production was observed.
Interplay between Opers, Quantum Curves, WKB Analysis, and Higgs Bundles

Quantum curves were introduced in the physics literature. We develop a mathematical framework for the case associated with Hitchin spectral curves. In this context, a quantum curve is a Rees $\mathcal{D}$-module on a smooth projective algebraic curve, whose semi-classical limit produces the Hitchin spectral curve of a Higgs bundle. We give a method of quantization of Hitchin spectral curves by concretely constructing one-parameter deformation families of opers. We propose a generalization of the topological recursion of Eynard-Orantin and Mirzakhani for the context of singular Hitchin spectral curves. We show a surprising result that a PDE version of the topological recursion provides all-order WKB analysis for the Rees $\mathcal{D}$-modules, defined as the quantization of Hitchin spectral curves associated with meromorphic $SL(2,\mathbb{C})$-Higgs bundles. Topological recursion is thus identified as a process of quantization of Hitchin spectral curves. We prove that these two quantizations, one via the construction of families of opers, and the other via the PDE topological recursion, agree for holomorphic and meromorphic $SL(2,\mathbb{C})$-Higgs bundles. Classical differential equations such as the Airy differential equation provides a typical example. Through these classical examples, we see that quantum curves relate Higgs bundles, opers, a conjecture of Gaiotto, and quantum invariants, such as Gromov-Witten invariants.