Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rhetorical reading strategies and the construction of meaning

There is a growing consensus in our field that reading should be thought of as a constructive rather than as a receptive process: that "meaning" does not exist in a text but in readers and the representations they build. This constructive view of reading is being vigorously put forth, in different ways, by both literary theory and cognitive research. It is complemented by work in rhetoric which argues that reading is also a discourse act. That is, when readers construct meaning, they do so in the context of a discourse situation, which includes the writer of the original text, other readers, the rhetorical context for reading, and the history of the discourse. If reading really is this constructive, rhetorical process, it may both demand that we rethink how we teach college students to read texts and suggest useful parallels between the act of reading and the more intensively studied process of writing. However, our knowledge of how readers actually carry out this interpretive process with college-level expository texts is rather limited. And a process we can't describe may be hard to teach.
Wnt and β-Catenin Signaling and Skeletal Muscle Myogenesis in Response to Muscle Damage and Resistance Exercise and Training

The factors that regulate skeletal muscle hypertrophy in human adults in response to resistance training (RT) has largely focused on endogenous endocrine responses. However, the endocrine response to RT as having an obligatory role in muscle hypertrophy has come under scrutiny, as other mechanisms and pathways seem to also be involved in up-regulating muscle protein synthesis (MPS). Skeletal muscle myogenesis is a multifactorial process of tissue growth and repair in response to resistance training is regulated by many factors. As a result, satellite cell-fused myogenesis is a possible factor in skeletal muscle regeneration and hypertrophy in response to RT. The Wnt family ligands interact with various receptors and activate different downstream signaling pathways and have been classified as either canonical (β-catenin dependent) or non-canonical (β-catenin independent). Wnt is secreted from numerous tissues in a paracrine fashion. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is a highly-regulated and intricate pathway that is essential to skeletal muscle myogenesis. The canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway may influence satellite cells to myogenic commitment, differentiation, and fusion into muscle fibers in response to injury or trauma, self-renewal, and normal basal turnover. The current literature has shown that, in response mechanical overload from acute resistance exercise and chronic resistance training, that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is stimulated which may actuate the process of muscle repair and hypertrophy in response to exercise-induced muscle damage. The purpose of this review is to elaborate on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, the current literature investigating the relationship of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and its effects on myogenesis is response to muscle damage and resistance exercise and training. Keywords: skeletal muscle, hypertrophy, myogenesis, cell signaling, protein synthesis, resistance training
Teaching Self-Determination to Early Elementary Students: Six-Year-Olds at the Wheel.

This article describes a simple, concrete and engaging model for teaching self-determination skills (such as self-awareness, goal-setting, choice-making, problem solving and self-monitoring) to early elementary students. The model was designed to increase appropriate behaviors, academic performance and positive self-concept in students with and without disabilities. An awareness of student strengths and weaknesses was created through a demystification process. Self-determination skills were taught through the use of a teacher-constructed, desktop, simulated car. Specific examples are provided of how the car was created and used to increase the success of students in an inclusive classroom.
Influence of carbonation on the chloride ion diffusion coefficient in fly ash concrete

The incorporation of fly ash (FA) in cementitious matrices has been frequently used in order to make the matrix more resistant to the action of chlorides. On the other hand, it is known that Ca(OH)2 existing in the matrix is consumed by the pozzolanic reactions, which makes easier the carbonation front advance. Given that the chloride ingress and carbonation are the two main causes of degradation in reinforced concrete, we speculate about the behaviour of FA concrete when the structure is submitted simultaneously to chlorides and carbonation. This work studied the influence of carbonation on the chloride migration coefficient in FA concrete. For this, specimens with 0% and 40% replacement of cement CEM I 42.5R by FA were casted with water/binder 0.55 and 0.50 respectively. After 90 days of curing period, half of samples were subjected to accelerated carbonation (20oC ,55%RH and 4%CO2) for 1, 2 and 3 months. The other half was protected with plastic film during the same period. Non-steady-state migration tests, according to LNEC E463 (Portuguese specification), were performed with specimens subjected to both experimental conditions. The results show that, for these conditions, the carbonation has a direct influence on chloride diffusion coefficient, increasing it. For FA concrete samples this effect is more evident. In these cases, the carbonated samples studied showed a diffusion coefficient up to two times higher than noncarbonated ones. The increase in large capillary pores, caused by carbonation, can be responsible for the increase of chloride penetration into concrete subjected to combined action.
Intraspecific resource partitioning in brown trout: the temporal distribution of foraging is determined by social rank

Summary 1. Animals can reduce the competition for a limiting resource by temporal segregation, whereby individuals exploit the resource at different times. However, the pay-offs may vary predictably over time, and it can be predicted that (a) more dominant competitors should gain access to resources at the preferred times and (b) the degree of temporal segregation will vary with the intensity of competition. 2. Here we show experimentally that individual brown trout Salmo trutta (L.) made sequential use of foraging areas, with dominant individuals feeding mainly at the most beneficial times of dusk and the early part of the night while more subordinate fish fed at other times. 3. However, the degree of overlap in foraging times between high-ranking fish was dependent on energetic demands. At low temperatures (when requirements were low) the temporal activity patterns of top-ranking fish were synchronized, with foraging concentrated at the preferred times. In contrast, when temperature was raised to increase energetic requirements, activity patterns showed strong temporal segregation: the most dominant fish remained predominantly nocturnal, whereas second-ranking fish became increasingly diurnal. 4. This is the first experimental demonstration of shifts in the daily pattern of activity caused by varying intensity of intraspecific competition.
Growth and Instability in Agricultural Productivity: A District Level Analysis

This study has examined the trends in growth and instability in Indian agriculture at the district level and has identified distinctive features and drivers of productivity growth across districts. The productivity of crop sector has shown tremendous variations across districts both for the country as a whole and within a state. The varying performance of crop sector has emphasized the need for evolving regionally differentiated strategies for ensuring sustainable and inclusive agricultural growth in a state and consequently in the country. The instability in productivity continues to persist and there are wide variations in instability across different districts. To mitigate the consequences of persisting instability, large-scale promotion of stabilization measures like insurance should be pursued vigorously. The analysis of district level data has revealed the important role of modern inputs in enhancing the productivity of crop sector. The use of fertilizers has turned out to be the most important input. Along with fertilizer-use, rainfall, irrigation, source of irrigation, better human resources and road connectivity have emerged as the other critical determinants of agricultural productivity. These results signify the importance of use of modern inputs and prudent management of rainfall water, particularly in the low productivity districts.
Properties of Lignin from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch and Its Application for Plywood Adhesive

Lignin from lignocellulosic biomass is a potential biopolymer for wood adhesive. The aims of this study were to characterize lignin isolated from the black liquor of oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber pretreated with steam explosion in alkaline conditions and to examine the bond quality of aqueous polymer isocyanate (API) adhesive prepared from lignin, natural rubber latex (NRL), and polyvinyl a lcohol (PVA) as base polymers with isocyanate crosslinkers. Lignin was precipitated from the black liquor by adding hy drochloric acid; then the precipitate was separated by filtration, thoroughly washed with water up to pH 2 and pH 5, and dried. The isolated lignin was characterized by ultimate analysis, UV spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, and thermal analysis. Three-layer plywood samples were prepared, and the bond strengths of the plywood samples were dete rmined in dry conditions and after cyclic boiling. The lignin isolates with different pH values did not have sign ificantly different chemical and thermal properties . Both lignin isolates had similar C, H, and O contents, identica l functional groups in the FTIR spectra, similar ab sorption in the UV spectra, and high decomposition temperatures. The b ase polymers composition that could produce API adhesive for exterior applications was NRL/PVA/lignin (4/4/2). T he use of more lignin in the adhesive formulation d ecreased the bond strength of the plywood.
INTELLIGNECE AND SECURITY DATABASE ( ISD ) VS . ‘ HARD CORE ’ SCIENCES DATABASES ( HSCD ) : CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

Intelligence and security databases (ISD) are facing the specific challenges and opportunities of information overload and the ultimate need for advanced intelligence analyses and investigations. We summarize analogies with hard core science databases (HCSD) challenges(the case of synoptic astronomy) and point out HCSD experiences which could be applied on problems facing ISD.
Learning Goals and Children's Reading Comprehension

This experiment investigated the effects of goal setting on children's self-efficacy and reading comprehension. Remedial readers participated in a comprehension strategy instructional program on finding main ideas. Some subjects received a product goal of answering questions, others were given a process goal of learning to use the strategy, and subjects in an instructional control condition were told to work productively. Compared with control subjects, process and product goal children judged self-efficacy significantly higher, and process goal children demonstrated higher comprehension skill. On a measure of goal perceptions, process goal children placed significantly greater emphasis on learning to use the strategy compared with children in the other two conditions, and judged becoming a better reader more important than did product goal subjects. These results suggest the usefulness of goal setting with remedial readers and of employing goals relating to learning processes.
Resilience and entropy as indices of robustness of water distribution networks

The use of entropy and resilience indices for measuring robustness of water distribution networks has been investigated. The effects on network performance, caused by the failure of one or two links, have been evaluated by means of several indices for two existing medium sized water distribution networks serving two towns in southern Italy. All the possible network configurations obtained by suppressing one or two links have been studied, excluding only the cases in which disconnection of some nodes from the remaining part of the network occurred. The hydraulic simulations, carried out with a demand-driven approach by means of the EPANET2 software, have shown that, unlike entropy, resilience may represent a useful index of network robustness with regard to link failures.
A new Mississippian tetrapod from Fife, Scotland, and its environmental context

The Visean stage of the Mississippian was a time of rapid tetrapod diversification which marks the earliest appearance of temnospondyls, microsaurs and the limbless aïstopods. Tetrapod finds from this stage are very rare and only a dozen sites are known worldwide. Here we announce the discovery of a new Visean site in Fife, Scotland, of Asbian age, and from it describe a new species of the baphetoid Spathicephalus. These specimens represent the oldest known baphetoid by three million years, yet belong to the most specialized members of the clade. Unlike typical baphetoids with large marginal teeth and palatal fangs characteristic of early tetrapods, spathicephalids had very broad flattened heads with a dentition consisting of a large number of small, uniform teeth. Spathicephalids were probably one of the earliest tetrapod groups to use suction feeding on small, aquatic prey. Palynological and sedimentological analysis indicates that the new fossil bed was deposited in a large, stratified, freshwater lake that became increasingly saline.
Determining the factors that influence the occurrence of Bare-faced Curassows ( Crax fasciolata ) in Humid Chaco, northern Argentina

Fil: Zalazar, Sofia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Nordeste. Centro de Ecologia Aplicada del Litoral. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Centro de Ecologia Aplicada del Litoral; Argentina
Carbon Markets and Methane Digesters: Potential Implications for the Dairy Sector

Anaerobic digesters that capture and burn manure methane can provide a renewable source of energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Paying producers for these emission reductions—either directly or through a carbon offset market—could substantially increase digester adoption. However, there is likely to be wide variation in the scale, location, and characteristics of adopters, so these policies could have long run structural implications for the livestock sector. Using a model of digester profits and data from a nationally-representative survey of dairy operations we estimate the likely distribution of digester adoption and profits under different carbon price scenarios.
Proportional Nash solutions : a new and procedural analysis of nonconvex bargaining problems

This paper studies the Nash solution to nonconvex bargaining problems. The Nash solution in such a context is typically multi-valued. We introduce a procedure to exclude some options recommended by the Nash solution. The procedure is based on the idea of the Kalai-Smorodinsky solution which has the same informational requirement on individual utilities as the Nash solution does and has an equity consideration as well. We then use this procedure to introduce two new solutions to nonconvex bargaining problems and study them axiomatically.
Study on the Foraging Behavior and Diet Preferences of Indian Star Tortoises (Geochelone elegans) in Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary,

Indian star tortoises belonging to the genus Geochelone are medium sized land tortoises, found in the dry arid regions in the southwestern Asia. This study evaluates the foraging behaviour and diet selection of Indian star tortoise (Geochelone elegans) in Chinnar wildlife sanctuary, Kerala. The present study concentrated on the wild population of two Adult (1 male and 1 female) star tortoises along with the 2 Sub-adults (1 male and 1 female) and 5 juveniles which were released in to the thorny scrub forest after successful rehabilitation process. The study was conducted during the period of 5th January to 2nd of March. The diet of G. elegans was examined and quantified based on faecal analysis and direct feeding observations. A comprehensive vegetation survey of all plant species within feeding height of the tortoises in the protected area was conducted. The recovered materials of several plant remains, sand remains and insect remains along with animal hairs suggest the feeding on scat of higher vertebrates which was confirmed by in-situ observations. These data, combined with daily feeding observations, were used to calculate feeding rates and diet preferences. Faecal samples were also collected to identify the diet components of all the individuals. Individuals were recorded feeding on 29 of 49 recorded plant species, 14 of which were selectively foraged. Species composition of plant species ingested differed between age classes. Wild adults selectively foraged on 13 plant species, Sub adults on 14 plant species and juveniles selectively foraged on 12 species. The array of diet items consumed by G. elegans suggests that its diet is complex and it needs to be taken into consideration in further rehabilitation programmes.
MANNER OF STOCKS SORTING USING CLUSTER ANALYSIS METHODS

The aim of the present article is to show the possibility of using the methods of cluster analysis in classification of stocks of finished products. Cluster analysis creates groups (clusters) of finished products according to similarity in demand i.e. customer requirements for each product. Manner stocks sorting of finished products by clusters is described a practical example. The resultants clusters are incorporated into the draft layout of the distribution warehouse.
Near-infrared Absorption Property of Biological Soft Tissue Constituents

Near infrared (NIR) can penetrate relatively deep into biological soft tissues. The NIR absorption property of tissue varies with tissue constituents especially water, fat, collagen, and their combination ratio. Therefore, combination ratio of tissue constituents can be evaluated by decomposing the absorption spectrum to determine the light path length in each constituent. Standardized absorption spectra of tissue constituents are required in order to carry out decomposition. Since water, fat, and protein are the major contributors at NIR spectral region. This study is to measure their absorption spectra from standardized samples as reference for quantifying tissue constituents. Five kinds of major fatty acid found in human fat were mixed in proper ratio as a standard reference. Absorption spectrum of bovine skin gelatin and elastin in hog eye lens were used as references of protein. NIR absorption spectra were measured using a Shimadzu 3101-PC spectrophotometer. The results show that temperature has a strong effect on the absorption property of water but not on fatty acid mixture. Absorption spectrum of elastin is similar to that of dry bovine gelatin. NIR spectroscopy also can be used to characterize or identify different types of soft tissue based on their major chemical composition, such as detecting a fat plaque in a muscular tissue or a tumor in a high fat content tissue.
The Modulation of Motility of Pyloric Antral Smooth Muscles of Rat by Melatonin

Abstract － Recently some researches have established that the melatonin, secreted by pineal gland, may evoke the changes of contractile responses on smooth muscles. We examined the effects of melatonin on the motility of rat pyloric antrum and which mechanism might be involved in the effects. Pyloric antral strips from the stomach of 20 Sprague-Dawley rats were prepared for isometric tension recording in organ bath. The strips were precontracted by acetylcholine and high-KCl solutions. In precontracted conditions the tensions were increased by accumulative application of melatonin (10 −8 -10 −4 M) dose-dependently, even in resting states. And the effects were almost disappeared when the concentrations of ACh were over than 10 μM. The effects of melatonin were inhibited by pretreatment of 10 mM TEA and/or 10 μM 4-AP and rarely affected by pretreatment of 1 mM TEA, 10 μM glibenclamide and 10 μM verapamil respectively. From these results it is concluded that the contractile responses of smooth muscles of rat pyloric antrum were enhanced by melatonin application and the mechanism might be concerned with the inhibition of some voltage-dependent potassium channels.Keywords: Melatonin, Smooth muscle, Pyloric antrum, Potassium channel
Agrupamento Hierárquico e Multivisão de Eventos por meio de Grafos de Consistência

A análise de eventos tem recebido atenção recentemente devido à popularização de plataformas web para publicação de conteúdo, especialmente portais de notícias, redes sociais, blogs e fóruns. Essas plataformas armazenam eventos por meio de textos a respeito de diversos setores da sociedade e podem ser vistas como uma representação digital (mundo virtual) dos eventos que ocorrem em nosso mundo real. Assim, agrupamento de eventos é uma tarefa importante para organizar e mapear os eventos desse mundo virtual para nosso mundo físico, o que permite a realização de diversos estudos sociais, políticos e econômicos. Nesse trabalho é apresentada uma abordagem para agrupamento hierárquico e multivisão de eventos extraídos de textos. As diferentes informações sobre os eventos, como informação textual, informação temporal e informação geográfica são consideradas diferentes visões durante a tarefa de agrupamento. Enquanto as abordagens existentes exigem que o usuário defina parâmetros sobre como utilizar informação temporal e geográfica no agrupamento de eventos, a abordagem proposta permite aprender automaticamente restrições de tempo e local. Para tal, foi proposta uma estrutura denominada grafo de consistência que representa o consenso de agrupamentos entre as diferentes visões. Uma avaliação experimental com oito conjuntos de eventos de benchmark revelou que a abordagem proposta é superior à abordagem tradicionalmente utilizada na área, apresentando ainda o diferencial de permitir a visualização das relações entre eventos por meio do grafo de consistência.
A Comparative Analysis of Decision Trees Vis-`a-vis Other Computational Data Mining Techniques in Automotive Insurance Fraud Detection

The development and application of computational data mining techniques in nancial fraud detection and business failure prediction has become a popular cross-disciplinary research area in recent times involv- ing nancial economists, forensic accountants and computational modellers. Some of the computational techniques popularly used in the context of - nancial fraud detection and business failure prediction can also be eectively applied in the detection of fraudulent insurance claims and therefore, can be of immense practical value to the insurance industry. We provide a compara- tive analysis of prediction performance of a battery of data mining techniques using real-life automotive insurance fraud data. While the data we have used in our paper is US-based, the computational techniques we have tested can be adapted and generally applied to detect similar insurance frauds in other countries as well where an organized automotive insurance industry exists.
The Embodiment of Meaning

One of the many puzzles philosophy is dealing with is how meaning comes about. An increasing number of investigations in cognitive science indicate that the body plays a central role in grounding the meaning of concepts and language. Particularly there are many indications that our abilities to move, perceive and act upon the world are directly related to our capacity to understand linguistic expressions. In this paper we will review some of the more salient findings in this area of research and indicate their consequences for the debate about how meaning and body are related.