EFEK PEMBERIAN BUAH JAMBU BIJI MERAH TERHADAP PRODUKSI SCFA DAN KOLESTEROL DALAM CAECUM TIKUS HIPERKOLESTEROLEMIA The Effect of Red Guava Fruits Supplementation on The SCFA and Cholesterol Production in Caecum of Hypercholesterolemic Rats

Red guava fruit has high soluble fiber (pectin) and vitamin C content. Soluble fiber has a hypocholesterolemic effect. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of red guava fuits supplementation on the SCFA (short chain fatty acid) production and cholesterol content in caecum , to explain the mechanism of red guava on the blood cholesterol reduction. The study was a randomized pre test-post test control group design on the hypercholesterolemic Sprague Dawley rats given a high-cholesterol feed. Rats were divided into 4 groups, receiving normal feed, hypercholesterol feed only, hypercholesterol feed + 0,72 g of red guava flour and hypercholesterol feed + 0,26 g pectin equal to that in red guava flour. Caecum digestion products beeing examined were SCFA (short chain fatty acids) analysed by gas chromatography and cholesterol by Liebermann-Burchard method using a spectrophotometer. Data were analysed with 95% of level confidence one way Anova. The high SCFA and cholesterol concentrations in the rats caecum were found on the red guava supplementation groups and was significantly different from pectin suplemented group. The concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and caecum cholesterol were 18.9 mg/g, 7.8 mg/g, 2.4 mg/g, and 0.54 mg/g, compared to with pectin were 19.3 %M, 21.4 %M, 19.7 %M and 0.46 mg/g, respectively. The propionic acid caecum production and cholesterol excretion shown that to lower serum cholesterol. Red guava supplementation produced propionic acid and high cholesterol excretion as found in the caecum. Keywords : Pectin, red guava, SCFA, cholesterol excretion ABSTRAK Buah jambu biji merah memiliki kandungan serat khususnya serat larut air (pektin) yang tinggi. Serat larut air di dalam tubuh bersifat hipokolesterolemik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pemberian buah jambu biji merah terhadap produksi SCFA ( short chain fatty acid ) dan kolesterol digesta caecum serta mengkaji mekanisme penurunan kolesterol akibat pemberian buah jambu biji merah pada tikus hiperkolesterolemia. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimental murni dengan rancangan randomized pre test-post test control group design terhadap tikus Sprague Dawley yang dibuat hiperkolesterolemia. Tikus dibagi dalam 4 kelompok, kelompok 1 diberi pakan standar, kelompok 2,3 dan 4 semua diberi pakan tinggi kolesterol. Kelompok 3 dan 4 masing-masing ditambah tepung buah jambu biji merah 0,72 g dan pektin 0,26 g setara dengan yang terkandung tepung buah jambu biji. Pemeriksaan digesta caecum meliputi kadar SCFA ( short chain fatty acid) menggunakan kromatografi gas, serta kadar kolesterol dengan metode Liebermann-Burchard menggunakan spektrofotometer. Analisis data menggunakan Anova dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Pemberian buah jambu biji merah pada tikus hiperkolesterolemia terbukti secara bermakna menghasilkan SCFA asam asetat 42,9 %M; asam propionat 36,5 %M dan asam butirat 43,8 %M serta kolesterol caecum 0,54 mg/g. Hasil ini lebih tinggi dibandingankan dengan pektin yaitu asetat 19,3 %M; asam propionat 21,4 %M dan asam butirat 19,7%M serta kolesterol caecum 0,46 mg/g, dan berbeda secara bermakna antara kelompok jambu biji dan pektin. Produksi asam propionat dan ekskresi kolesterol caecum dapat mengakibatkan penurunan kolesterol serum. Pemberian buah jambu biji merah terbukti menghasilkan asam propionat dan meningkatkan ekskresi kolesterol dalam caecum. Kata kunci : Pektin, jambu biji merah, SCFA , ekskresi kolesterol