Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of work stoppages at selected steel mills on production and safety systems

Effects of work stoppages at selected steel mills on production and safety systems Daniel Hartley The purpose of this research was to identify if there was a significant difference between the OSHA recordable incidence rates at a selected steel manufacturer prior to a major work stoppage and subsequent to the work stoppage. Monthly and quarterly time periods were evaluated to determine the level of change that occurred between prior and post work stoppage periods. Raw steel production was also evaluated to determine the effects of the work stoppage on production totals. OSHA recordable incidence rates were generally lower after the work stoppage, while production totals were higher after the work stoppage. In many instances the lost work day and transitional incidence rates demonstrated a significant increase for the nine months immediately following the work stoppage, when compared to the nine months immediately preceding the work stoppage. When the time period used was non-inclusive of the nine month periods surrounding the work stoppage, the incidence rates generally demonstrated a decreasing trend for the period after the work stoppage.
Molecular Beam Epitaxy

Molecular beam epitaxy is an ultrahigh vacuum technique for growing very thin epitaxial layers of semiconductor crystals. Because it is inherently a slow growth process, extreme dimensional control over both major compositional variations and impurity incorporation can be achieved. The result is that it has been possible, with one combination of lattice-matched semiconductors, GaAs and Alx-Gal–xAs, to demonstrate a large variety of novel single-crystal structures. These results have important implications for fundamental studies of the physics of thin-layered structures and for the development of new semiconductor electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Detection of Inorganic Wood Preservatives on Timber by near Infrared Spectroscopy

The recycling of waste wood causes great problems due to the variety of toxic wood preservatives, varnishes and paints used. The fast and reliable distinction and sorting of treated and untreated wood on demolition sites could open new ways of wood recycling, e. g. for the production of chip boards. For this purpose, prepared wood samples treated with inorganic wood preservatives (arsenic, boron, copper salts) were investigated by near infrared-spectroscopy. In most cases, treated wood samples could be distinguished from untreated ones. Furthermore the type of wood preservative could be identified. The observed spectral features are electronic absorption bands and changes in the OH–band due to interaction with salt molecules.
The community photosynthetic quotient and the assimilation of nitrogen by oceanic plankton.

A high precision technique for measuring dissolved oxygen was used in conjunction with the coulometric back titration for total inorganic carbon in seawater, to make observations of the photosynthetic and respiratory quotients in a culture and an open ocean environment. The relationship between the PQ and the nitrogen source utilised was assessed by the concomitant measurement of nitrogen assimilation by the 15-N mass spectrometric technique, with the aim of resolving some of the uncertainty surrounding the calculated and observed PQ values. For the most part the PQ values were found to lie within the constraints set by theory. A complete resolution of the exact relationship between the PQ and the nitrogen source was limited by the analysis of the ambient NH3 concentrations. Measurements of community production and respiration were made in the N.E. Atlantic as part of the BOFS programme. concomitant 14-C rate measurements were made, enabling a comparison of the methodologies. The comparison of the oxygen and 14-C technique was found to be affected by the magnitude of the respiration rate, resulting in elevated PQ values. The in vitro techniques employed in this study were compared to in situ techniques for the analysis of the fluxes of oxygen and carbon dioxide. It was confirmed that the in vitro techniques were not a serious or overriding cause for concern. The productivity rate measurements from the oxygen technique were used to assess the critical depths which are consistent with the development of the phytoplankton bloom. A relationship was observed between the critical depth and the net community production rate.
Layered single-bonded nonmolecular phase of nitrogen from first-principles simulation

F. Zahariev,1,2 A. Hu,1,* J. Hooper,2 F. Zhang,3 and T. Woo1,2,† 1Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7 2Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, D’Iorio Hall, 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5 3Defence RD revised manuscript received 12 October 2005; published 6 December 2005
The Investigation of Decontamination Effects of Ozone Gas on Microbial Load and Essential Oil of Several Medicinal Plants

Today, Ozone as a disinfectant method, without putting on the harmful effects on human and plant products, it is alternative common methods for disinfection of plant material. The research as a factorial experiment was conducted on the basis of randomized complete block design with three replications and the effects of Ozone gas on decreasing the microbial load of some important medicinal plants include: Peppermint ( Mentha piperita ), Summer savory ( Satureja hortensis ), Indian valerian( Valeriana wallichii ), Meliss ( Melissa officinalis ) and Iranian thyme ( Zataria multiflora ) were investigated. Medicinal plants leaves were treated with Ozone gas concentration 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 ml/L at times of 10 and 30 then total count, coliform and mold and yeast of the samples were studied. The result showed that Ozone gas decreases microbial load of medicinal plants samples. But Ozone gas and Ozone gas in medicinal plants interaction effect had no effect on essential oil content. The lowest and the highest of microbial load were detected in samples treated with concentration of 0.9 ml/L of Ozone gas and control respectively. The highest and the lowest of microbial load were observed in Iranian thyme and Indian valerian respectively. Also result showed that Ozone gas treatment for 30 min had the greatest of effect in reducing the microbial load and 0.9 ml/L Ozone gas concentration had the lowest of microbial load. Results of this survey reflect that the use of Ozone as a method of disinfection for medicinal plants is a decontamination.
Numerical Simulations of Metal-Oxides

Oxides like silicates, alumina or periclase, are materials with significant properties and are therefore investigated extensively in experiment and in theory. The aim of this PhD thesis was to propose and further to develop methods, which make molecular dynamic simulations of oxides with large particle numbers and for long simulation times possible. The work consists of three parts. In the first one the already existing methods for simulating oxides will be discussed, while in the second one their methodological progress will be presented. The third chapter is solely reserved for the phenomenon of flexoelectricity, which has been discovered during the visualization of the crack propagation in alumina. Oxide, wie z.B. Silikate, Korund oder Periklas, sind bedeutende Funktionswerkstoffe und werden daher experimentell wie theoretisch intensiv untersucht. Ziel dieser Dissertation war es, Verfahren vorzustellen und derart zu optimieren, dass sie Molekulardynamiksimulationen von Oxiden mit grosen Teilchenzahlen und uber lange Zeiten ermoglichen. Die Arbeit gliedert sich dabei in drei Bereiche. Im ersten Teil wird auf die einzelnen bereits vorhandenen Methoden zur Simulation von Oxiden eingegangen, im zweiten Kapitel deren Verbesserung vorgestellt. Der dritte Bereich widmet sich ausschlieslich dem Phanomen der Flexoelektrizitat, welche durch die geschickte Visualisierung der Rissausbreitung in Korund entdeckt wurde.
Impact of Linear Coupling on the Design of Active Controllers for the Thermoacoustic Instability

Analysis of combustion instability has traditionally been based on the assumption that linear coupling among acoustic modes is insignificant. While this is reasonable when one is interested in determining the unstable mode frequency and growth rate, in this paper we show that this assumption in a model-based active control design may lead to serious errors. To explain the origin of these errors, we employ both analysis and numerical examples to investigate the effect of linear coupling on the resonance and anliresonance properties of a benchlop premised combuslor in the presence of external excitation. The analysis is carried out using one-dimensional flow dynamics in the presence of an oscillating heal release source based on laminar premised flame kinematics, and an external actuator in the form of a loudspeaker. We show that, for certain sensor-actuator configurations, a controller designed on the basis of a model where linear coupling is neglected may fail to suppress the thermoacoustic instability wh.
Aerosol Measurement by Induced Currents

We introduce a new electrical measurement technique for aerosol detection, based on pulsed unipolar charging followed by a non-contact measurement of the rate of change of the aerosol space charge in a Faraday cage. This technique, which we call “aerosol measurement with induced currents,” has some advantages compared to the traditional method of collecting the charged particles on either an electrode or with a particle filter. We describe the method and illustrate it with a simple and miniature (shirt-pocket-sized) instrument to measure lung-deposited surface area. Aerosol measurement by induced currents can also be applied to more complex devices. Copyright 2014 American Association for Aerosol Research
Ecophysiology of the internal cycling of nitrogen for tree growth

Internal cycling of nitrogen has been shown to be a major source of nitrogen used for the seasonal growth of both evergreen and deciduous trees providing up to 90% of N used for leaf growth of some species. The processes of internal cycling comprise seasonal nitrogen storage, followed by remobilisation during either periods of growth (e.g. in the spring) or during leaf senescence. The ecophysiology of these processes is reviewed, along with the methods used to quantify their contribution to tree growth. Nitrogen budget studies have been widely used to estimate internal cycling, particularly in relation to soil fertility. These studies have shown that as trees develop their rate of N uptake decreases, but as they grow their storage capacity increases, However, budget studies are imprecise and have not always quantified remobilisation adequately. An alternative approach has been the use of 15N to quantify N uptake and partitioning, allowing precise measurements of N storage and remobilisation to be made. The use of isotopes has allowed experiments to be run which have shown that environmental factors such as soil fertility influence the amount of N stored, but have no direct influence upon the amount of N remobilised. These methods are discussed in light of recent research on N remobilisation, which has provided an understanding of the processes of storage and remobilisation which potentially allows direct measurements to be made in field grown trees for the first time.
Developing Food List for Risk Assessment of Contaminants in Korean Foods

Standard procedure for development of food list was established based on food intake data of 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey and 2002 Seasonal Nutrition Survey for Total Diet Study. Foods were sorted in descending order of mean intake, and 54 items within cumulative percentage of 80 were selected, followed by selection of 16 additional items with consumption frequency of 10% or higher. Based on higher consumption in certain seasons, regions, sexes, and age classes, 14 additional items were added. Additional 17 items with probable high contents of heavy metals or 23 items with probable high pesticide residues were added. Altogether, 101 and 107 individual food items were included for heavy metal and pesticide residue lists, accounting for 84.9 and 83.3% mean energy intakes of Korean population, respectively.
The Iron Oxides: Structure, Properties, Reactions, Occurrences and Uses

1. Introduction to the Iron Oxides. 2. Crystal Structure. 3. Cation Substitution. 4. Crystal Morphology and Size. 5. Surface Area and Porosity. 6. Electronic, Electrical and Magnetic Properties. 7. Characterization. 8. Thermodynamics. 9. Solubility. 10. Surface Chemistry and Colloidal Stability. 11. Adsorption of Ions and Molecules. 12. Dissolution. 13. Formation. 14. Transformations. 15. Rocks and Ores. 16. Soils. 17. Organisms. 18. Products of Iron Metal Corrosion. 19. Applications. 20. Synthesis. 21. Environmental Significance. References. Subject Index. Sources of Figures and Tables.
Inhibition of Proliferation by Anti-microbial Peptide Isolated from Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactobacillus spp. in Colon Cancer Cell Line (HT-29, SW 480 and Caco-2)

유산균(Lactic acid bacteria)은 Escherichia coli와 Salmonella typhimurium과 같은 병원균에 대한 항균활성을 나타낼 뿐만 아니라 면역 증강효과를 나타내는 등 인체내에서 건강에 이로운 다양한 역할을 수행하는 것으로 알려졌다. 특히, Pediococcus pentosaseus와 몇몇 Lactobacillus 종으로부터 분리한 항균활성을 나타내는 peptide들인 safelac과 lactopad는 몇몇 암세포주의 성장을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 이에, 본 연구에서는 HT-29, SW 480 및 Caco-2와 같은 3종류의 인간의 결장암 세포주에 safelac과 lactopad를 투여하여 이들이 항암효과를 나타낼 수 있는 지를 분석하고자 하였다. XTT assay는 safelac과 lactopad가 HT-29, SW 480 및 Caco-2의 성장을 억제하는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히, 이들 peptide들을 72시간동안 처리했을 때 나타나는 항암효과는 3.1~100 ㎎/mL의 농도범위에서 유의한 결과를 나타내었으며, 분석한 농도 범위에서 용량 의존적인 방식으로 더 강한 효과를 나타내었다. RAW 264.7 세포주는 cytokine인 tumor-necrosis factor (TNF-α)의 생성에 미치는 이들 peptide들의 효과를 조사하기 위한 대식세포의 모델로써 이용되었다. RAW 264.7 세포주에서 TNF-α의 생성은 이들 peptide들에 의해 48시간 배양시 용량에 의존적인 방식으로 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 이러한 발견은 safelac과 lactopad와 같은 유산균으로부터 분리한 항균 peptide들이 결장암 세포에 대한 화학적 예방제로서의 잠재성을 갖고 있음을 시사하는 결과로서 주목된다.
Preparation and Application of Surface Science Model Catalysts in Realistic Conditions

Surface science model catalysts are elementary representations of applied systems by which different parameters of a catalytic process can be investigated separately and at the molecular scale. Studies on such model systems constitute the basis for present studies which aim at bridging the materials and pressure gap towards applied catalysts systematically. In this framework, the present thesis contributes to this goal by applying two approaches towards more realistic catalyst models. The first part of this work documents research on ultrathin, metal supported oxide films in ambient conditions. FeO(111)/Pt(111) films were exposed to air and water and tested regarding CO oxidation at ambient pressure by infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS). Pre and post characterization was performed by low energy electron diffraction (LEED), temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Experimental and theoretical results suggest, that in the presence of oxygen and water, a bilayer (FeO)→ trilayer (FeO(OH)) transition occurs. The resulting FeO(OH) trilayer is stable in ambient conditions and shows similar CO oxidation activity at ambient pressure as previously reported for FeO2 [1]. Ultrahin MgO(001) films grown on Ag(001) and Mo(001) were likewise tested for CO oxidation activity at 1 bar total pressure and characterized by XPS. Theoretical [2] and ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) studies [3] had indicated that these systems might efficiently activate molecular oxygen. However, no catalytic activity for ultrathin MgO(001) films in ambient conditions was observed. The second part of this work presents an approach which takes into account the fact that most applied heterogeneous catalysts are prepared by wet chemical methods. Here, a Pd catalyst was prepared by liquid phase deposition (LPD) from a PdCl2 precursor solution onto a MgO(001)/Ag(001) model support. Dissolution experiments, where the samples were post characterized by AES (Auger electron spectroscopy), showed that MgO/Ag(001) films are only long term stable in alkaline solutions. The XPS data indicates a linear correlation between Pd loading and precursor concentration. XPS was also used to characterize the thermally induced precursor decomposition at relevant stages. The activated LPD catalysts showed similar CO adsorption properties and activity towards CO oxidation as corresponding catalysts prepared by PVD (physical vapor deposition) which is evidenced by TPD measurements.
Electric properties stability of NbO anode for new electrolytic capacitor

由使用装载测试和高温度测试， NbO 阳极和金属 Nb 阳极的 electric-propertystability 在比较被学习。 为 NbO 阳极的更高的稳定性的原因被热力学和动力学分析。 装载测试为 10 d 在 85 deg C 和 12 V 在 38% H_2SO_4 被执行。 高温度测试被执行在为 30 h 的空气空气的 at250 deg C。 NbO 阳极作为与金属 Nb 阳极相比拥有更高的能力 tores 火车结晶化电影，这被发现。 它被认为那，在 NbOanode 矩阵的氧在 Nb_2O_5 阳极氧化电影制止氧的迁居到矩阵，并且结果因为阳极氧化电影有更高的稳定性。
Fluorometric determination of proline in honey by high-performance liquid chromatography after pre-column derivatization with 7-fluoro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-F)

An optimization method of NBD-F derivatization has been developed for the determination of proline in honey using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. To determine the free proline in different samples of honey, ultrasound extraction was performed using 0.1 M borate buffer solution as the extraction solvent. Chromatographic separation was performed on a XDB C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm i.d.) using 0.1 M sodium acetate buffer solution (pH 7.2) : methanol : tetrahydrofuran (900 : 95 : 5, respectively, v/v/v) as mobile phase A and methanol as mobile phase B at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min−1 with a run time of 10 min. The assay was linear over a range of 0.15 μg mL−1 to 100.00 μg mL−1 with a lower limit of detection of 3.00 mg kg−1, and recoveries were greater than 90%. The intra-day and inter-day precision was less than 4%. This method was successful in determining free proline in honey, ranging from 80.5 mg kg−1 to 426.4 mg kg−1 in different honey samples.
Kesterites—a challenging material for solar cells

Kesterite materials (Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4) are made from non‐toxic, earth‐abundant and low‐cost raw materials. We summarise here the structural and electronic material data relevant for the solar cells. The equilibrium structure of both Cu2ZnSnS4 and Cu2ZnSnSe4 is the kesterite structure. However, the stannite structure has only a slightly lower binding energy. Because the band gap of the stannite is predicted to be about 100 meV lower than the kesterite band gap, any admixture of stannite will hurt the solar cells. The band gaps of Cu2ZnSnS4 and Cu2ZnSnSe4 are 1.5 and 1.0 eV, respectively. Hardly any experiments on defects are available. Theoretically, the CuZn antisite acceptor is predicted as the most probable defect. The existence region of the kesterite phase is smaller compared with that of chalcopyrites. This makes secondary phases a serious challenge in the development of solar cells. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calculated final state probability distributions for T2 decay measurements.

The question of a possible finite neutrino mass is one of the most investigated and controversial topics in particle physics and cosmology. The most promising direct ex periments for determining the neutrino mass are based on the study of the /-decay of molecular tritium. The mass of the neutrino is deduced by analysing the shape of the continuous energy spectrum of the electrons emitted in the /3-decay. In this thesis, the molecular physics issues facing these experiments are investigated. Theoretical final state probability distributions of the daughter molecule are calculated to satisfy the higher resolution requirements and increased sensitivity of the future ex periments. Transition probabilities to the six lowest electronically bound states of 3HeT+ are calculated. Rotational excitation of the daughter molecule is considered and probabilities obtained for the /-decay of T2 in the first four rotational states. Isotope contamination from DT and HT molecules is also investigated, and the probability distributions for 3HeD+ and 3HeH+ are calculated. The sensitivity of the initial temperature, ortho:para ratio and isotopic composition of the source is considered. Estimates of the error in the value of the neutrino mass deduced from fitting theoretical spectra, due to uncertainties in temperature, ortho:para ratio of T2 and percentage of DT molecules, are obtained. The R-matrix method is used to treat the electronic continuum of 3HeT+. Reso nances converging to the first eight excited target states are obtained, and the transition probabilities to these resonances and background continuum are calculated. Endpoint effects due to the decay of other possible species in the source - T_, T, T+, T2", Tg and T - are also investigated. It is hoped that this data will be used as part of the forthcoming KATRIN experi ment.
Biosorption of Silver using Metal-Imprinted Thiourea-Modified Glutaraldehyde-Crosslinked O-Carboxymethyl Chitosan Beads

Chitosan, an abundant biopolymer obtained from deacetylation of chitin, has been proved to be a promising biosorbent for metal uptake. Grafting new functional groups on the chitosan backbone was also reported to be efficient in increasing either the sorption capacity or sorption selectivity for the target metal. In this study, silver-imprinted thiourea-modified glutaraldehyde-crosslinked O-carboxymethyl chitosan beads were prepared to selectively adsorb Ag (I) from a bimetallic aqueous solution. The biosorbent was synthesized by using prepared O-carboxymethyl chitosan beads to first absorb Ag (I) ion, then crosslinking with a polymeric Schiff’s base of thiourea/glutaraldehyde. To obtain the best performance sorbent, the degree of carboxymethylation substitution, and the amount of crosslinking agent used were studied. Results indicated the highest selective uptake capacity of Ag (I) occurred when a molar ratio of amino group of chitosan to carboxymethylation agent to crosslinking agent of 6:15:16 is used in the synthesis. Batch sorption tests were carried out for isotherm and kinetic studies using the sorbent which provides the best selective uptake capacity of Ag (I). All isothermal and kinetic experiments were performed at 25 °C. The maximum uptake of Ag (I) was found to be 137.5 mgg -1 at pH 5.0 with the initial concentration of Ag (I) being 1.75mmolL -1 . The sorbent demonstrated extremely good selectivity towards Ag (I) as equal mole of Cu (II) present in the solution was scarcely absorbed over a pH range from 1.0 to 6.0. The experiments also revealed that the biosorption process of Ag (I) fits well with a Langmuir model and Lagergren’s Pseudo-second-order kinetic.