Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A systematic approach to contouring and polishing anterior resin composite restorations: A checklist manifesto.

PURPOSE This article presents a systematic, step-by-step checklist approach to be used for contouring and polishing anterior resin composite restorations to achieve maximum esthetics efficiently. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS This checklist is intended to be used to take the guesswork out and streamline the process to predictably, practically, and repeatedly contour and polish anterior resin composite restorations. The practitioner's knowledge of basic dental anatomy combined with this step-by-step checklist facilitates identifying and modifying the final restoration to an anatomically correct form, thus satisfying the most esthetically demanding patients. This approach is demonstrated with case presentation of direct resin veneers in a young female, which resulted in an improved smile that satisfied her esthetic desires. CONCLUSIONS The use of standardized protocols facilitates and expedites daily procedures in dentistry. Specifically, this checklist protocol, which is geared towards contouring and polishing anterior direct resin composite restorations. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The clinical technique presented in this article shows the advantages of using a step-by-step checklist approach to predictably and efficiently obtain ideal esthetics when performing anterior resin composite restorations.
Validation of New Interactive Nutrition Assistant - Diet in India Study of Health (NINA-DISH) FFQ with multiple 24-h dietary recalls among pregnant women in Pune, India

Abstract Adequate dietary intake is critical to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes. India has a high burden of maternal and child morbidity and mortality, but there is a lack of adequate tools to assess dietary intake. We validate an FFQ, New Interactive Nutrition Assistant - Diet in India Study of Health (NINA-DISH), among pregnant women living with and without HIV in Pune, India. Women were selected from a cohort study investigating immune responses to HIV and latent tuberculosis during pregnancy. The FFQ was administered during the third trimester and validated against multiple 24-h dietary recalls (24-HDR) collected in second and third trimesters. Data for analysis were available from fifty-eight women out of seventy enrolled into this sub-study, after excluding those with incomplete data or implausible energy intake. The median (Q1, Q3) age of study participants was 23 (20, 25) years. Median (Q1, Q3) daily energy intakes were 10 552 (8000, 11 958) and 10 673 (8510, 13 962) kJ by 24-HDR and FFQ, respectively, with FFQ overestimating nutrient intake. Pearson correlations between log-transformed estimates from FFQ and 24-HDR for energy, protein, carbohydrate, fat, Fe and Zn were 0·47, 0·48, 0·45, 0·33, 0·4 and 0·54, respectively. Energy-adjusted and de-attenuated correlations ranged from 0·41 (saturated fat) to 0·73 (Na). The highest misclassification into extreme tertiles was observed for fat (22 %), saturated fat (21 %) and Na (21 %). Bias existed at higher intake levels as observed by Bland–Altman plots. In conclusion, NINA-DISH is a valid and feasible tool for estimating dietary intakes among urban pregnant women in Western India.
Knowledge Toward Cervical Cancer and Its Determinants Among Women Aged 30-49 in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the common causes of premature death and disability in women worldwide. It is preventable through vaccination, and screening for precancerous lesions and early treatment. However, screening service uptake and treatment for cervical cancer face significant challenges in low-income countries due to poor information systems. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge of cervical cancer and its determinants among women aged 30-49 years living in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was undertaken from March 20 to April 15, 2017. The data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS version 21. Multivariable logistic regression anaysis was done and variables with a p-value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Of the interviewed women, only 321(43.6%) had adequate knowledge about cervical cancer and screening. Attending secondary school or above (AOR = 2.42, 95% CI: 1.24-4.74), using modern contraceptives (AOR = 6.31, 95% CI: 2.86-13.89), knowing somebody with cervical cancer (AOR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.35-3.71) and knowing someone screened for cervical cancer (AOR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.30-3.80) were associated with knowledge of cervical cancer. Conclusion: Knowledge of cervical cancer is low in the current study area even if appropriate knowledge regarding the disease is important in decreasing the incidence and prevalence of cervical cancer through screening and human pappiloma virus vaccination. Increasing awereness regarding the disease and prevention strategies are the key issue.
Regionalization for health improvement: A systematic review

Regionalization is the integrated organization of a healthcare system, wherein regional structures are responsible for providing and administrating health services in a specific region. This method was adopted by several countries to improve the quality of provided care and to properly utilize available resources. Thus, a systematic review was conducted to verify effective interventions to improve health and management indicators within the health services regionalization. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42016042314). We performed a systematic search in databases during February and March 2017 which was updated in October 2020. There was no language or date restriction. We included experimental and observational studies with interventions focused on regionalization-related actions, measures or policies aimed at decentralizing and organizing health offerings, rationalizing scarce capital and human resources, coordinating health services. A methodological assessment of the studies was performed using instruments from the Joanna Briggs Institute and GRADE was also used to assess outcomes. Thirty-nine articles fulfilled the eligibility criteria and sixteen interventions were identified that indicated different degrees of recommendations for improving the management of health system regionalization. The results showed that regionalization was effective under administrative decentralization and for rationalization of resources. The most investigated intervention was the strategy of concentrating procedures in high-volume hospitals, which showed positive outcomes, especially with the reduction of hospitalization days and in-hospital mortality rates. When implementing regionalization, it must be noted that it involves changes in current standards of health practice and in the distribution of health resources, especially for specialized services.
Polysaccharide Copolymerase WzzB/WzzE Chimeras Reveal that the Transmembrane 2 Region of WzzB Is Important for Interaction with WzyB

Bacteria synthesize complex polysaccharide chains at a controlled number of repeating units; this has wide implications for a range of bacterial activities involved in virulence. Examples of complex polysaccharide chains include the Oag component of lipopolysaccharide and the ECA; both of these examples are predominantly synthesized by their own independent Wzy-dependent pathway. ABSTRACT The ability of bacteria to synthesize complex polysaccharide chains at a controlled number of repeating units has wide implications for a range of biological activities that include symbiosis, biofilm formation, and immune system avoidance. Complex polysaccharide chains, such as the O antigen (Oag) component of lipopolysaccharide and the enterobacterial common antigen (ECA), are synthesized by the most common polysaccharide synthesis pathway used in bacteria, known as the Wzy-dependent pathway. The Oag and ECA are polymerized into chains via the inner membrane proteins WzyB and WzyE, respectively, while the respective copolymerases WzzB and WzzE modulate the number of repeat units in the chains, or the “modal length” of the polysaccharide, via a hypothesized interaction. Our data, show for the first time, “cross talk” between Oag and ECA synthesis in that WzzE is able to partially regulate Oag modal length via a potential interaction with WzyB. To investigate this, one or both of the transmembrane regions (TM1 and TM2) of WzzE and WzzB were swapped, creating six chimera proteins. Several chimeric proteins showed significant increases in Oag modal length control, while others reduced control. Additionally, copurification experiments show an interaction between WzyB and WzzB for the first time without the use of a chemical cross-linker, and a novel interaction between WzyB and WzzE. These results suggest the TM2 region of Wzz proteins plays a critical role in Oag and ECA modal length control, presumably via the interaction with respective Wzy proteins, thus providing insight into the complex mechanism underlying the control of polysaccharide biosynthesis. IMPORTANCE Bacteria synthesize complex polysaccharide chains at a controlled number of repeating units; this has wide implications for a range of bacterial activities involved in virulence. Examples of complex polysaccharide chains include the Oag component of lipopolysaccharide and the ECA; both of these examples are predominantly synthesized by their own independent Wzy-dependent pathway. Our data show, for the first time, “cross talk” between Oag and ECA synthesis and identify novel physical protein-protein interactions between proteins in these systems. These findings further the understanding of how the system functions to control polysaccharide chain length, which has great implications for novel biotechnologies and/or the combat of bacterial diseases.
Identification of four novel prognosis biomarkers and potential therapeutic drugs for human colorectal cancer by bioinformatics analysis

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most deadly cancers in the world with few reliable biomarkers that have been selected into clinical guidelines for prognosis of CRC patients. In this study, mRNA microarray datasets GSE113513, GSE21510, GSE44076, and GSE32323 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and analyzed with bioinformatics to identify hub genes in CRC development. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed using the GEO2R tool. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG analyses were performed through the DAVID database. STRING database and Cytoscape software were used to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and identify key modules and hub genes. Survival analyses of the DEGs were performed on GEPIA database. The Connectivity Map database was used to screen potential drugs. A total of 865 DEGs were identified, including 374 upregulated and 491 downregulated genes. These DEGs were mainly associated with metabolic pathways, pathways in cancer, cell cycle and so on. The PPI network was identified with 863 nodes and 5817 edges. Survival analysis revealed that HMMR, PAICS, ETFDH, and SCG2 were significantly associated with overall survival of CRC patients. And blebbistatin and sulconazole were identified as candidate drugs. In conclusion, our study found four hub genes involved in CRC, which may provide novel potential biomarkers for CRC prognosis, and two potential candidate drugs for CRC.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Survival after Breast Cancer Diagnosis by Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor Status: A Pooled Analysis

Background: Limited studies have investigated racial/ethnic survival disparities for breast cancer defined by estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status in a multiethnic population. Methods: Using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, we assessed associations of race/ethnicity with ER/PR-specific breast cancer mortality in 10,366 California women diagnosed with breast cancer from 1993 to 2009. We evaluated joint associations of race/ethnicity, health care, sociodemographic, and lifestyle factors with mortality. Results: Among women with ER/PR+ breast cancer, breast cancer–specific mortality was similar among Hispanic and Asian American women, but higher among African American women [HR, 1.31; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05–1.63] compared with non-Hispanic White (NHW) women. Breast cancer–specific mortality was modified by surgery type, hospital type, education, neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES), smoking history, and alcohol consumption. Among African American women, breast cancer–specific mortality was higher among those treated at nonaccredited hospitals (HR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.21–2.04) and those from lower SES neighborhoods (HR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.16–1.88) compared with NHW women without these characteristics. Breast cancer–specific mortality was higher among African American women with at least some college education (HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.11–1.82) compared with NHW women with similar education. For ER−/PR− disease, breast cancer–specific mortality did not differ by race/ethnicity and associations of race/ethnicity with breast cancer–specific mortality varied only by neighborhood SES among African American women. Conclusions: Racial/ethnic survival disparities are more striking for ER/PR+ than ER−/PR− breast cancer. Social determinants and lifestyle factors may explain some of the survival disparities for ER/PR+ breast cancer. Impact: Addressing these factors may help reduce the higher mortality of African American women with ER/PR+ breast cancer.
Design and Implementation of a Spiking Neural Network with Integrate-and-Fire Neuron Model for Pattern Recognition

In contrast to the previous artificial neural networks (ANNs), spiking neural networks (SNNs) work based on temporal coding approaches. In the proposed SNN, the number of neurons, neuron models, encoding method, and learning algorithm design are described in a correct and pellucid fashion. It is also discussed that optimizing the SNN parameters based on physiology, and maximizing the information they pass leads to a more robust network. In this paper, inspired by the "center-surround" structure of the receptive fields in the retina, and the amount of overlap that they have, a robust SNN is implemented. It is based on the Integrate-and-Fire (IF) neuron model and uses the time-to-first-spike coding to train the network by a newly proposed method. The Iris and MNIST datasets were employed to evaluate the performance of the proposed network whose accuracy, with 60 input neurons, was 96.33% on the Iris dataset. The network was trained in only 45 iterations indicating its reasonable convergence rate. For the MNIST dataset, when the gray level of each pixel was considered as input to the network, 600 input neurons were required, and the accuracy of the network was 90.5%. Next, 14 structural features were used as input. Therefore, the number of input neurons decreased to 210, and accuracy increased up to 95%, meaning that an SNN with fewer input neurons and good skill was implemented. Also, the ABIDE1 dataset is applied to the proposed SNN. Of the 184 data, 79 are used for healthy people and 105 for people with autism. One of the characteristics that can differentiate between these two classes is the entropy of the existing data. Therefore, Shannon entropy is used for feature extraction. Applying these values to the proposed SNN, an accuracy of 84.42% was achieved by only 120 iterations, which is a good result compared to the recent results.
Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration for patients with a history of prior biliary surgery: a comparative study with an open approach

Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) is increasingly being used to treat choledocholithiasis. However, few studies have examined the treatment of recurrent common bile duct stones (CBDS) in patients with a history of prior biliary surgery. The current research aimed to compare the outcomes of laparoscopic versus open common bile duct exploration in patients with a history of prior biliary surgery.
Band structure mapping of bilayer graphene via quasiparticle scattering

A perpendicular electric field breaks the layer symmetry of Bernal-stacked bilayer graphene, resulting in the opening of a band gap and a modification of the effective mass of the charge carriers. Using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, we examine standing waves in the local density of states of bilayer graphene formed by scattering from a bilayer/trilayer boundary. The quasiparticle interference properties are controlled by the bilayer graphene band structure, allowing a direct local probe of the evolution of the band structure of bilayer graphene as a function of electric field. We extract the Slonczewski-Weiss-McClure model tight binding parameters as γ0 = 3.1 eV, γ1 = 0.39 eV, and γ4 = 0.22 eV.
Blockade of fatty acid signaling inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage recruitment and progression of apical periodontitis.

AIM To examine the role of palmitic acid in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated chemotaxis of macrophages and the potential contribution of saturated fatty acid in signaling in the pathogenesis of apical periodontitis. METHODOLOGY J774, a mouse macrophage cell line, was used in the experiments. After treatment with LPS, proteolytic maturation of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN) were examined by Western analysis. Levels of palmitic acid were measured by reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Knockdown of SREBP-1c and FASN was accomplished by small interfering RNA technology. Secretion of CC-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) and cellular chemotaxis were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and transwell migration assay, respectively. Sulfo-N-succinimidyl oleate (SSO) treatment was used to inhibit fatty acid signaling in vitro and also in a rat model of apical periodontitis. All data were first subjected to Levene's test. In vitro data were then analyzed using ANOVA followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test. Data from animal experiments were analyzed by independent t-tests. The significant level was set at 0.05. RESULTS LPS stimulated proteolytic maturation of SREBP-1c and FASN expression in macrophages and significantly enhanced palmitic acid synthesis (P<0.05). Knockdown of SREBP-1c attenuated LPS-enhanced FASN expression. Knockdown of FASN significantly suppressed LPS-enhanced palmitic acid synthesis (P<0.05). LPS and exogenous palmitic acid significantly enhanced CCL2 secretion and macrophage chemotaxis (all P<0.05). Inhibition of FASN expression significantly alleviated LPS-augmented CCL2 secretion (P<0.05). SSO significantly suppressed CCL2 secretion and macrophage chemotaxis augmented by LPS and palmitic acid (all P<0.05). In a rat model of induced apical periodontitis, SSO treatment significantly attenuated progression of apical periodontitis and macrophage recruitment (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS LPS/SREBP-1c/FASN/palmitic acid signaling contributed to tissue destruction caused by bacterial infection. Modulation of lipid metabolism and signaling may be helpful for the management of apical periodontitis.
Predictors and short‐term outcomes of post‐stroke fatigue in initial phase of transition from hospital to home: A prospective observational study

Abstract Aim To analyse the interactions of associated factors with post stroke fatigue (PSF) after discharge home and determine the predictors of PSF and their impact on stroke survivors. Design A prospective observational study. Methods A total of 94 patients with acute stroke were recruited between May 2019 ‐July 2020. The main outcomes were fatigue, depression, insomnia, sarcopenia, and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) and were assessed at admission and 1 month after discharge. Fatigue was measured using the Fatigue Assessment Scale. Depression and Insomnia were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale‐Depression and Insomnia Severity Index, respectively. Sarcopenia was measured using the SARC‐F questionnaire, and HRQOL was assessed using the Short Form‐8. Results Acute phase PSF was an independent predictor of PSF after discharge home. Moreover the path analysis revealed that this effect is mediated through both the direct effect of acute‐phase PSF on PSF after discharge home and through the indirect effect of interaction with pre‐stroke SARC‐F, acute phase depression, and acute phase insomnia, which remains a separate predictor of acute‐phase PSF. In total, 17% of the survivors had persistent PSF. Persistent PSF was significantly associated with depression, insomnia, sarcopenia, and a lower quality of life scores. Conclusions Post‐stroke fatigue may occur in the acute phase and persists after discharge, it will not only affect later depression, insomnia, and quality of life, but also sarcopenia. Impact Acute phase PSF was found to be an independent predictor of PSF after discharge home. In addition, the interaction with pre‐stroke SARC‐F, acute phase depression and insomnia had an indirect connection with PSF after discharge home, which remains a separate predictor of acute‐phase PSF. Thus, early assessment and management of mental status, sleep problems, and sarcopenia during hospitalization might be an important step in post‐stroke rehabilitation and home transition.
Particle Coarsening Influence on Oxygen Reduction in LSM–YSZ Composite Materials

The microstructure influence on the oxygen reduction process for the LSM–YSZ composite materials has been studied in this paper. To localize the effect of particle coarsening influence, the oxygen isotope exchange measurements with the gas phase analysis have been performed for LSM–YSZ | YSZ | LSM–YSZ symmetric cells during 300 and 1000 hours at T = 850 °C and Po2 = 10−2 atm. In order to find quantitative relations the changes in the oxygen surface exchange and the diffusion coefficients and its microstructure parameters such as porosity and triple phase boundary (TPB) length have been compared. The rate determining stage of the LSM–YSZ degradation has been suggested to be the LSM‐phase surface diffusion and the LSM surface diffusion coefficient have been estimated.
Novel sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)/ polybenzimidazole blends for proton exchange membranes

A novel soluble polybenzimidazole with a pendant phenyl group (Ph-PBI) was successfully synthesized based on 4,4′-(1,4-phenylenedioxy-2-phenyl) dibenzoic acid and diaminobenzidine. A phenylated sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (Ph-SPEEK) with a similar chemical structure to Ph-PBI was selected as matrix. Ph-SPEEK/Ph-PBI membranes were produced by a solution method. The obtained blend membranes exhibited much higher thermal stability as well as oxidative stability and lower water uptake than the pristine Ph-SPEEK membrane. The proton conductivity of the blend membranes could be in the range of 0.0374–0.1456 S cm−1 at 100°C. As a result, the blend membranes also showed improved mechanical properties that may be related with the acid–base interactions between the two components.
Molecular Radiative Energy Shifts under Strong Oscillating Fields.

Coherent manipulation of light-matter interactions is pivotal to the advancement of nanophotonics. Conventionally, the non-resonant optical Stark effect is harnessed for band engineering by intense laser pumping. However, this method is hindered by the transient Stark shifts and the high-energy laser pumping which, by itself, is precluded as a nanoscale optical source due to light diffraction. As an analog of photons in a laser, surface plasmons are uniquely positioned to coherently interact with matter through near-field coupling, thereby, providing a potential source of electric fields. Herein, the first demonstration of plasmonic Stark effect is reported and attributed to a newly uncovered energy-bending mechanism. As a complementary approach to the optical Stark effect, it is envisioned that the plasmonic Stark effect will advance fundamental understanding of coherent light-matter interactions and will also provide new opportunities for advanced optoelectronic tools, such as ultrafast all-optical switches and biological nanoprobes at lower light power levels.