Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pequenas variações na fertilidade em solos oligotróficos melhor explicam a estrutura e composição florística em Campinaranas Florestadas na Amazônia Central

Na Amazonia Central ocorre um tipo vegetacional com distribuicao insular associada a solos arenosos pobres em nutrientes e, frequentemente, sujeitos a inundacao periodica: as Campinaranas. As Campinaranas amazonicas apresentam um conjunto de caracteristicas unicas, como a dominância de poucas especies, alto grau de endemismo e baixa riqueza de especies que as diferenciam de outras formacoes florestais amazonicas. Para inferir os fatores que determinam esta variacao fitofisionomica, investigamos a magnitude dos efeitos da fertilidade, toxicidade por aluminio, capacidade de retencao de agua e profundidade do lencol freatico nas Campinaranas do paleocanal do rio Cuieiras, Manaus. Foram inventariados todos os individuos com DAP ≥ 2.5 cm, distribuidos em 31 parcelas de 0.2 ha. Foi estimada a altura de todos os individuos e calculadas a area basal e a densidade para todas as parcelas. Foram registrados 6137 individuos nas parcelas de Campinarana amostradas. A profundidade do lencol freatico variou entre 0 e 153 cm com media de 85.6 cm. A variacao floristica e estrutural foram fortemente determinadas pela fertilidade e toxicidade de aluminio dos solos arenosos. A densidade de individuos tambem foi relacionada com a capacidade de retencao de agua do solo. A altura nao foi explicada por nenhum dos fatores estudado. O lencol freatico nao foi apontado com fator influente para as Campinaranas do paleocanal. A diversidade e a riqueza foram negativamente relacionadas com a fertilidade do solo. As areas mais ferteis tiveram maior densidade e maiores areas basais. Os resultados sugerem que pequenas variacoes nas caracteristicas dos solos fortemente arenosos, particularmente na fertilidade e toxicidade, podem mudar a composicao e a estrutura da vegetacao de Campinaranas. Portanto, a restricao nutricional condiciona o estabelecimento de fisionomias com menos especies e diversidade. Palavras chave: Campinarana, riqueza, diversidade, solos oligotrofico, fertilidade, toxicidade, nutrientes.
Sexual size dimorphism, prey morphology and catch success in relation to flight mechanics in the peregrine falcon: a simulation study

In common with many other raptors, female peregrine falcons Falco peregrinus are about 50% heavier than males. Their sexual dimorphism is thought to allow breeding pairs to exploit a wider range of prey through a division of labor: the male being able to catch more maneuverable prey species; the female capable of carrying larger ones. Given the difficulty of assessing the catch success and load carrying capacity of both sexes of falcon in the field, we here adopt a novel approach to test the division-of-labor theory by using a detailed physics-based flight simulator of birds. We study attacks by male and female peregrines on prey species ranging from small passerines to large ducks, testing how catch success relates to the flight performance of predator and prey. Males prove to be better than females at catching highly maneuverable prey in level flight, but the catch success of both sexes improves and becomes more similar when diving, because of the higher aerodynamic forces that are available to both sexes for maneuvering in high-speed flight. The higher maximum roll acceleration of the male peregrine explains its edge over the female in catching maneuverable prey in level flight. Overall, catch success is more strongly influenced by the differences in maneuverability that exist between different species of prey than between the different sexes of falcon. On the other hand, the female can carry up to 50% greater loads than the male. More generally, our detailed simulation approach highlights the importance of several previously overlooked features of attack and escape. In particular, we find that it is not the prey’s instantaneous maximum centripetal acceleration but the prey’s ability to sustain a high centripetal acceleration for an extended period of time that is the primary driver of the variation in catch success across species.
ANTI-ULCER ACTIVITY OF SHANKHA BHASMA (CALCINED CONCH-SHELL)

The anti-ulcer activities along with chemical identification of purified Shankha Bhasma (SBM) or calcined conch-shell was undertaken. Shankha Bhasma (SBM) was prepared by traditional process used in India. The chemical composition of SBM was studied by atomic absorption spectrometry and infra-red spectral analysis. Acute oral toxicity of SBM was done in Swiss mice. SBM (25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg) was studied for anti-ulcer effect on ethanol induced and pylorus ligature induced model in Wistar rats. SBM showed significant (P<0.001) positive results in both the models in comparison with respective control and standard control (omeprazole 20 mg/kg and ranitidine 50 mg/kg).
The Impact of Depression, Personality, and Mental Health on Outcomes of Total Knee Arthroplasty

Background Precise assessment of preoperative mental health and psychological determinants may be useful in identifying patients at risk for poor postoperative outcomes of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of psychological status and physical and mental health on the outcome of patients undergoing TKA. Methods Fifty-two patients undergoing unilateral TKA were assessed preoperatively with Oxford Happiness Inventory, Eysenck Personality Inventory, 12-item short form health survey (SF-12), and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) for evaluating depression, personality traits, physical and mental health, and function, respectively. At 1 year after surgery, health-related quality of life (HRQL) and function were assessed using the SF-12 and KOOS. Results HRQL and function of all personality traits increased significantly after TKA, without significant difference among them. Extroversion and neuroticism did not have significant correlation with subjective well-being, HRQL, and function before and after surgery. Subjective well-being and the baseline physical and mental health scores were correlated strongly and directly with postoperative physical component summary, mental component summary, and KOOS scores and their improvement. Among many factors that significantly affected the outcomes of TKA, the only independent predictor of physical, mental, and functional outcome was depression. Conclusions Outcomes of surgery were not significantly different among diverse personality traits. Patients with less depressive symptoms and higher baseline mental and physical scores had significantly greater improvement in HRQL after surgery. The only independent factor affecting the physical, mental, and functional outcome was depression.
Neurogenesis and neuronal migration of dopaminergic neurons during mesencephalon development in mice

*Corresponding author: Chungkil Won Research Institute of Life Science & Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea Tel: +82-55-772-2351, E-mail: wonck@gnu.ac. kr Dopaminergic neurons are one of the major neuronal components in the brain. Mesencephalon dopamine (DA) neurogenesis takes place in the ventricular zone of the floor plate, when DA progenitors divide to generate postmitotic cells. These cells migrate through the intermediate zone while they differentiate and become DA neurons on reaching the mantle zone. However, neurogenesis and neuronal migration on dopaminergic neurons remain largely unexplored in the mesencephalon development. This study presents neurogenesis and neuronal migration patterns of dopaminergic neurons during mesencephalic development of the mouse. Neurons from embryonic day (E) 10–14 were labelled by a single injection of 5-bromodeoxyuridine and immunohistochemistry was performed. The neurogenesis occurred mainly at the E10 and E11, which was uniformly distributed in the mesencephalic region, but neurons after E13 were observed only in the dorsal mesencephalon. At the postnatal day 0 (P0), E10 generated neurons were spread out uniformly in the whole mesencephalon whereas E11-originated neurons were clearly depleted in the red nucleus region. DA neurons mainly originated in the ventromedial mesencephalon at the early embryonic stage especially E10 to E11. DA neurons after E12 were only observed in the ventral mesencephalon. At E17, E10 labelled neurons were only observed in the substantia nigra (SN) region. Our study demonstrated that major neurogenesis occurred at E10 and E11. However, neuronal migration continued until neonatal period during mesencephalic development.
Probabilistic associative learning suffices for learning the temporal structure of multiple sequences

Many brain phenomena both at the cognitive and behavior level exhibit remarkable sequential characteristics. While the mechanisms behind the sequential nature of the underlying brain activity are likely multifarious and multi-scale, in this work we attempt to characterize to what degree some of this properties can be explained as a consequence of simple associative learning. To this end, we employ a parsimonious firing-rate attractor network equipped with the Hebbian-like Bayesian Confidence Propagating Neural Network (BCPNN) learning rule relying on synaptic traces with asymmetric temporal characteristics. The proposed network model is able to encode and reproduce temporal aspects of the input, and offers internal control of the recall dynamics by gain modulation. We provide an analytical characterisation of the relationship between the structure of the weight matrix, the dynamical network parameters and the temporal aspects of sequence recall. We also present a computational study of the performance of the system under the effects of noise for an extensive region of the parameter space. Finally, we show how the inclusion of modularity in our network structure facilitates the learning and recall of multiple overlapping sequences even in a noisy regime.
Effect of Compost And Seaweed Extract on The Physiological Characteristics of Marketable Fruits of Two Sweet Pepper (capsicum Annuum L.) Hybrids

The experiment was conducted on two hybrids (Massouda and Chahin) sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in the field of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Duhok during growing season of 2018, to study the effects of three levels of artificial compost in soil (0:0, 1:1, 1:3 v/v) and four concentrations of seaweed extract spray (Tecamin algae) (0.0, 0.5, 0.75, 1 ml.l) on Massouda F1 and Chahin F1 hybrids. The results shows that Massouda hybrid significantly recorded higher fruit dry weight and vitamin C, whereas Chahin hybrid were overcome significantly from Massouda in chlorophyll a and b. The high level 1:1 compost significantly increased fruit dry weight, vitamin C and total carbohydrate, while the level 1:3 compost significantly recorded higher chlorophyll a and lower fruit respiration rate compared to untreated hybrids with compost. However, the influence of high concentration (1 ml.l) seaweed on the marketability pepper fruits was affected significantly and improved fruit dry weight, vitamin C, total carbohydrate, chlorophyll b and lower fruit respiration rate than untreated with seaweed except chlorophyll a which significantly increased in level (0.5 ml.l) seaweed. On the other hand, the triple interactions among the three factors significantly enhanced all detected traits compared to untreated plants.
Analisi cinematica e dinamica di una macchina per additive manufacturing = Kinematic and Dynamic Analysis of a machine for Additive Manufacturing

Negli ultimi anni le ricerche in campo Additive Manufacturing hanno condotto allo sviluppo di nuovi prodotti di geometria complessa che i metodi di lavorazione convenzionale non possono realizzare. Sebbene l'uso di questa tecnologia non sia adoperata ancora in larga scala per via dei durevoli tempi cicli di produzione, Start Up e imprese iniziano a focalizzare sempre piu risorse non solo per individuare tecniche di facile estrusione del materiale ma anche per predisporre automatismi robotici piu precisi e definiti per la movimentazione delle macchine utilizzate in questo campo. Il presente lavoro propone un modello di un Delta Robot per la tecnologia 3D printing. Inizialmente viene studiato il cinematismo teorico e il piano di lavoro della macchina per poi passare alla valutazione degli ingombri su modello CAD per la progettazione del meccanismo per movimentare i carrelli. Lo studio cinematico e dinamico e realizzato in ambiente Matlab: il modello CAD viene importato con Simulink Multibody, mentre per la trasmissione si adotta un approccio a parametri concentrati con relativa scrittura delle equazioni differenziali e implementazione mediante l'ausilio di Simulink e della libreria Simscape. Analizzata la cinematica e la dinamica del sistema sotto le condizioni di massima accelerazione dell’end-effector, vengono scelti i motori da accoppiare con le trasmissioni e si valuta il grado di precisione della trasmissione.
Design and control of Hybrid PV Battery system using fuzzy based MMC

This paper describes about an innovative topology of cascaded H Bridge or modular multilevel Converter (MMC) is incorporated to integrate PV system with grid. However, the system scheduling necessity is much difficult in PV MMC for renewable sources. For mitigation of this limitation, in this paper a two-layer hierarchical method is proposed. Moreover, one layer that lower layer is take the importance for reducing the PQ and distribution among each H Bridge as well as the upper layer monitor the power dispatching at each H Bridge. In this study, the fuzzy logic control technique is proposed for the system in lower layer. With the proposed approach, a hybrid PV and battery system can be coordinated controlled with only a single power conversion stage. The system performance has analyzed on MATLAB/SIMULINK software environment. The proposed method can give better performance than conventional PV battery integration system.
Functional Arterial and Venous Fate Is Determined by Graded VEGF Signaling and Notch Status During Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation

Objective— The aim of this work was to develop a mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell system addressing the early specification of the developing vasculature into functional arteries and veins. Methods and Results— ES cells were differentiated 4 days on collagen-type IV coated dishes to obtain Flk1+ endothelial precursors. Sub-culture of these precursors for additional 4 days robustly generated, in a VEGF dose-dependent manner, mature endothelial cells. Arterial marker genes were specifically expressed in cultures differentiated with high VEGF concentration whereas the venous marker gene COUP-TFII was upregulated in endothelial cells induced through low and intermediate VEGF concentrations. This VEGF-dependent arterialization could be blocked by inhibition of Notch resulting in an arterial to venous fate switch. Functional and morphological studies, ie, measurement of sprout length, pericyte recruitment, and interleukin-I-induced leukocyte adhesion, further confirmed their arterial and venous identity. Conclusi.
Materiales Cementantes Compuestos (CCM): Estado del Arte, Situación Actual y Aplicaciones en la Ingeniería Civil

The present paper it is about the development of cementitious composite materials (CCM), from conventional concrete to more complex ones such as compounds with self-healing and self-sensing properties. In addition, a description is given of the most relevant studies of this topic, as well as the properties that the CCM present and their possible applications in the development of new materials for civil engineering.
Handbook of biological effects of electromagnetic fields

BIOENGINEERING AND BIOPHYSICAL ASPECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS Environmental and Occupationally Encountered Electromagnetic Fields K.H. Mild and B. Greenebaum Endogenous Electric Fields in Animals R. Nuccitelli Dielectric and Magnetic Properties of Biological Materials C. Gabriel Magnetic Properties of Biological Material J. Dobson Interaction of Direct Current and Extremely Low Frequency Electric Fields with Biological Materials and Systems F. Barnes Magnetic Field Effects on Free Radical Reactions in Biology S. Engstrom Signals, Noise, and Thresholds J.C. Weaver and M. Bier Biological Effects of Static Magnetic Field S. Ueno and T. Shigemitsu The Ion Cyclotron Resonance Hypothesis A.R. Liboff Computational Methods for Predicting Field Intensity and Temperature Change J.C. Lin and P. Bernardi Experimental EMF Exposure Assessment S. Kuhn and N. Kuster Electromagnetic Imaging of Biological Systems W.T. Joines, Q.H. Liu, and G. Ybarra BIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL ASPECTS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS Effects of Radiofrequency and Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field Radiation on Cells of the Immune System T. Paunesku and G.E. Woloschak Evaluation of the Toxicity and Potential Oncogenicity of Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields in Experimental Animal Model Systems D.L. McCormick Interaction of Nonmodulated and Pulse-Modulated Radio Frequency Fields with Living Matter: Experimental Results S.M. Michaelson, E.C. Elson, and L.E. Anderson Behavioral and Cognitive Effects of Electromagnetic Field Exposures S.A. Johnston and J.A. D'Andrea Thermoregulation in the Presence of Radio Frequency Fields D. Black Epidemiologic Studies of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Field L. Kheifets and R. Shimkhada Epidemiological Studies of Radio Frequency Fields M. Feychting EMF Standards for Human Health E. van Deventer, D. Simunic, and M.Repacholi Electroporation J.C. Weaver and Y. Chizmadzhev Electrical Shock Trauma R.C. Lee, E. Bodnar, P. Betala, and S. Blom-Eberwein Mechanisms and Therapeutic Applications of Time-Varying and Static Magnetic Fields A.A. Pilla Therapeutic Heating Applications of Radio Frequency Energy C-K. Chou
Plant core DNA barcode performance at a local scale: identification of the conifers of the state of Hidalgo, Mexico

DNA barcoding constitutes a fundamental tool for species identification, especially for highly diverse geographic regions. Here, we characterize and evaluate the plant core barcoding regions matK and rbcL to identify the 25 conifer species from the state of Hidalgo, Mexico, including 10 species in various threat categories. Sequence quality, linguistic complexity, and the presence of the barcode gap were estimated. Two methods were compared for successful species identification: BRONX (Barcode Recognition Obtained with Nucleotide eXposés) and the least inclusive clade. We generated 77 sequences for matK and 88 for rbcL. The matK region had higher haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity (Π), including six indels. The analysis of 77 specimens with complete sequences (matK + rbcL) resulted in 21 nonspecies-specific unique haplotypes for the 25 conifer species. Higher sequence quality and linguistic complexity were observed in rbcL than in matK. Every diagnosable species had a barcode gap. Ninety-seven specimens were assigned unambiguously to family and genus, regardless of the marker or method employed. The analysis of matK with BRONX produced the highest species level identification success (44%). Despite the low specimen identification success at the specific level, it will be possible to establish local management, conservation, and monitoring projects for at least half of the threatened species even when specimens do not exhibit diagnostic morphological characters. The low divergence between closely related species may result from the slow rate of molecular evolution of the core barcoding markers or from hybridization or incomplete lineage sorting. Similar identification success is expected for groups with comparable life history traits under similar conditions as this study. A reduction in the geographic area will not necessarily translate into higher identification success, especially for high-diversity regions and centres of diversification.
Estimating animal utilization distributions from multiple data types: A joint spatiotemporal point process framework

Models of the spatial distribution of animals provide useful tools to help ecologists quantify species-environment relationships, and they are increasingly being used to help determine the impacts of climate and habitat changes on species. While high-quality survey-style data with known effort are sometimes available, often researchers have multiple datasets of varying quality and type. In particular, collections of sightings made by citizen scientists are becoming increasingly common, with no information typically provided on their observer effort. Many standard modelling approaches ignore observer effort completely, which can severely bias estimates of an animal's distribution. Combining sightings data from observers who followed different protocols is challenging. Any differences in observer skill, spatial effort, and the detectability of the animals across space all need to be accounted for. To achieve this, we build upon the recent advancements made in integrative species distribution models and present a novel marked spatio-temporal point process framework for estimating the utilization distribution (UD) of the individuals of a highly mobile species. We show that in certain settings, we can also use the framework to combine the UDs from the sampled individuals to estimate the species' distribution. We combine the empirical results from a simulation study with the implications outlined in a causal directed acyclic graph to identify the necessary assumptions required for our framework to control for observer effort when it is unknown. We then apply our framework to combine multiple datasets collected on the endangered Southern Resident Killer Whales, to estimate their monthly effort-corrected space-use.
How larval traits of six flatfish species impact connectivity

Connectivity and dispersal are important factors for ecosystem dynamics, conservation, and resource management. Dispersal and recruitment success are determined in early life for many marine species. For those larvae that are pelagic, transport from spawning to nursery grounds is driven by hydrodynamic processes. Other environmental factors such as temperature and biological factors such as ecophysiology, behavior, and reproductive strategy (spawning period and spawning grounds) influence the final dispersal pattern and larval survival. We utilized a Lagrangian particle tracking model coupled with a three‐dimensional hydrodynamic model (Larvae&Co) to assess the connectivity patterns between spawning and nursery grounds of six commercially exploited flatfish species in the North Sea over a 10‐yr period (1997–2006). Standardized analyses have highlighted how spawning and nursery grounds are connected under the combined pressure of environment and life‐history traits. Results showed that the six flatfishes can be divided in two groups, each with their specific connectivity patterns. Turbot, common sole, and brill live in two subpopulations in the North Sea; common dab, European flounder, and European plaice represent a single mixed population. In general, the modeled and genetic patterns match, hence showing the strong impact of larval connectivity. The large overlap in connectivity for species that spawn during the same period and the seasonal change in hydrodynamics highlight the strong impact of a summer front in larval dispersal. Our results prove that individual‐based modeling is a powerful tool to guide resource management, even in cases of limited biological information.