Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pest categorisation of Gymnosporangium spp. (non‐EU)

Abstract Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of Gymnosporangium spp. (non‐EU), a well‐defined and distinguishable group of fungal plant pathogens of the family Pucciniaceae affecting woody species. Many different Gymnosporangium species are recognised, of which at least 14 species are considered not to be native in the European Union. All the non‐EU Gymnosporangium species are not known to be present in the EU and are regulated in Council Directive 2000/29/EC (Annex IAI) as harmful organisms whose introduction into the EU is banned. Gymnosporangium spp. are biotrophic obligate plant pathogens. These rust fungi are heteroecious as they require Juniperus, Libocedrus, Callitropsis, Chamaecyparis or Cupressus (telial hosts) and rosaceous plants of subfamily Pomoideae (aecial hosts) to complete their life cycle. The pathogens could enter the EU via host plants for planting (including artificially dwarfed woody plants) and cut branches. They could establish in the EU, as climatic conditions are favourable and hosts are common. They would be able to spread following establishment by movement of host plants for planting and cut branches, as well as by natural dispersal. Should Gymnosporangium spp. (non‐EU) be introduced in the EU, impacts can be expected in orchards, ornamental trees and nurseries. On telial hosts, these pathogens cause galls on stems, twigs and branches, and fusiform swellings on stems. Foliar infections on aecial hosts may lead to severe defoliations. The main knowledge gap concerns the limited available information on the biology, distribution range and impact of several non‐EU Gymnosporangium spp. The criteria assessed by the Panel for consideration of Gymnosporangium spp. (non‐EU) as potential quarantine pests are met, while, for regulated non‐quarantine pests, the criterion on the pest presence in the EU is not met.
Factors Influencing Nutritional Behavior Among Patients With Metabolic Syndrome

Introduction. Lifestyle modification and adherence to healthy diet is crucial in the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Aim: The aim of the current study was to identify factors affecting healthy nutritional behaviors among patients with MetS. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 322 adults with a mean age of 40.55 ± 5.97 years were included. The diagnosis of MetS was based on the criteria suggested by the International Diabetes Federation. Nutritional attitudes, subjective norms, intention, and nutritional behaviors were assessed through a questionnaire designed by researchers. Results: The finding indicated that nutritional attitude and gender of participants were predicting factors of behavioral intention. Furthermore, nutritional attitude, behavioral intention, gender, and level of education could predict nutritional behavior in patients. However, subjective norm was a weak predictor of behavioral intention and nutritional behavior. Conclusions: The findings suggest that attitude and intention, but not subjective norms, along with some sociodemographic variables were able to predict the nutritional behavior of MetS patients that could be a basis for designing educational interventions for health promotion among them.
A Fall Risk mHealth App for Older Adults: Development and Usability Study

Background Falls are the leading cause of injury-related death in older adults. Due to various constraints, objective fall risk screening is seldom performed in clinical settings. Smartphones offer a high potential to provide fall risk screening for older adults in home settings. However, there is limited understanding of whether smartphone technology for falls screening is usable by older adults who present age-related changes in perceptual, cognitive, and motor capabilities. Objective The aims of this study were to develop a fall risk mobile health (mHealth) app and to determine the usability of the fall risk app in healthy, older adults. Methods A fall risk app was developed that consists of a health history questionnaire and 5 progressively challenging mobility tasks to measure individual fall risk. An iterative design-evaluation process of semistructured interviews was performed to determine the usability of the app on a smartphone and tablet. Participants also completed a Systematic Usability Scale (SUS). In the first round of interviews, 6 older adults participated, and in the second round, 5 older adults participated. Interviews were videotaped and transcribed, and the data were coded to create themes. Average SUS scores were calculated for the smartphone and tablet. Results There were 2 themes identified from the first round of interviews, related to perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. While instructions for the balance tasks were difficult to understand, participants found it beneficial to learn about their risk for falls, found the app easy to follow, and reported confidence in using the app on their own. Modifications were made to the app, and following the second round of interviews, participants reported high ease of use and usefulness in learning about their risk of falling. Few differences were reported between using a smartphone or tablet. Average SUS scores ranged from 79 to 84. Conclusions Our fall risk app was found to be highly usable by older adults as reported from interviews and high scores on the SUS. When designing a mHealth app for older adults, developers should include clear and simple instructions and preventative strategies to improve health. Furthermore, if the design accommodates for age-related sensory changes, smartphones can be as effective as tablets. A mobile app to assess fall risk has the potential to be used in home settings by older adults.
Functional ecology of ectomycorrhizal fungi

Boreal forest ecosystems constitute a globally important carbon (C) sink, due to accumulation of complex organic matter, persistent to decomposition. Nitrogen (N) is immobilized in these complex compounds and, thereby, unavailable to the plant community. Fungal peroxidases (ClassII) are oxidative enzymes, predominantly studied in white-rot wood decomposers and known to efficiently mineralize phenolic complexes, such as lignin, to CO2. Peroxidase activity is also commonly measured in forest soil, where typical white-rotters are absent and ectomycorrhizal fungi predominate. Peroxidase activity is known to increases under low inorganic N availability. The aim of this study was to explore the ectomycorrhizal decomposer potential in boreal forest ecosystems. The central hypothesis is that ectomycorrhizal fungi produce ClassII peroxidases to mobilize N, bound to phenolic complexes in boreal forest litter and humus. Genes coding for ClassII peroxidases were found to be widely spread among ectomycorrhizal taxa, particularly within the genus of Cortinarius. Gene transcription of peroxidases in forest humus could be linked directly to the species Cortinarius semisanguineus. In a field experiment, colorimetric enzyme assays showed a halving of peroxidase activity in short-term response to N-amendment. In non-treated control samples, Cortinarius species and other rhizomorph forming ectomycorrhizal fungi were co-localized with peroxidase activity hotspots. Ectomycorrhizal Cortinarius species may, thus, be key players in N-acquisition, from organic macromolecules, and central decomposers of complex organic matter in boreal forest ecosystems. Root-associated fungi, including ectomycorrhizal ones, were able to compete with free-living saprotrophs for colonization of litter. However, they were less efficient decomposers than specialized litter saprotrophs. It is concluded that some mycorrhizal fungi may release C while foraging for N. They may also indirectly act to preserve soil C by suppressing more efficient saprotrophic decomposers. The findings highlight ectomycorrhizal fungi as central regulators of C dynamics in boreal forests. Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, thus, constitutes a direct link between above-ground photosynthesis and below-ground decomposition.
Spectrum of Lung and Cardiovascular Diseases in Association with Pulmonary Interstitial Glycogenosis

“Pulmonary Interstitial Glycogenosis (PIG) associated with a spectrum of neonatal pulmonary disorders”, reported by Cutz et al represents one of the largest series published to date. The report included twenty-eight cases of lung or cardiac disorders with coincident diffuse, patchy, or focal PIG reviewed in Division of Pathology, The Hospital for Sick Children. The authors focused on reporting a spectrum of disorders associated with PIG and described four clinicopathological subgroups including imaging, ultrastructural findings, and clinical outcome. The present paper highlights the main findings reported by Cutz et al, and a review of literature is also presented.
The Midterm Results of Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty in Cases with Acetabular Defects: A Single-Center Case Series

BackgroundRevision total hip arthroplasty (RTHA) is one of the critical topics in the orthopedic surgery. In this single center case series, the revision treatment of cases with acetabular defects following total hip arthroplasty is reported.MethodsA total of 25 patients with acetabular defects were enrolled in this case series held in Imam Hossein Hospital, Tehran, Iran. The mean follow-up of patients was three years (24 - 42 months). The illustrated data include a history of surgeries, underlying diseases, acetabular defect classification, surgery procedure, and pre- and post-surgery complications and managements, Harris hip score (HHS), leg length discrepancy (LLD). ResultsThe mean age of patients was 63.8 ± 10.45 years. A total of 14 patients had two previous surgeries, eight patients had three surgeries, and three patients had four previous surgeries. Classification of bone loss using AAOS showed that four patients had grade III and 21 patients had grade IV acetabular bone loss. The RTHA was done using anti-protrusio in 12 patients and large cups in 13 patients. The mean Harris hip score was 22.16 before RTHA, which was 80.6 after revision surgery. Before the operation, the mean leg length discrepancy was 38.84 mm, which was corrected after surgery to an average of 3.56 mm.ConclusionsExtensive evaluation of patients with acetabular defects before and during revision surgery leads to promising results. Larger studies evaluating the management strategy in patients with acetabular defects are needed.
Existe relación entre la psoriasis y la enfermedad periodontal

At present, there are more and more researches that relate periodontal disease to various systemic diseases such as psoriasis. This is an inflammatory disease of the skin that causes maculopapular lesions in up to 3-5% of dermatological patients and it has been observed to be related to the periodontal status of the patients affected. In this project we attempt to analyze the relationship between psoriasis and periodontal disease based on the best available evidence on the subjects. We will try to study not only the prevalence but the related factors with them. It is concluded that the available scientific evidence is associated with an increase in prevalence between psoriasis and periodontal disease but it is unknown the etiopathogenic mechanisms that trigger it.
Genetics in vascular dementia

Vascular dementia (VaD) is a common disorder that encompasses heterogeneous entities, which creates challenges in order to reach a global consensus for diagnostic criteria. While the genetic basis for sporadic VaD remains poorly understood, the identification of causal genes in monogenic forms of VaD sheds light on the pathophysiological mechanisms of VaD. This special report describes progress in genetic research on monogenic and sporadic VaD, as well as on associated phenotypes, such as cerebral small vessel disease, stroke and Alzheimer's disease. Methodological issues (e.g., small-size studies) and strategies to overcome these problems (e.g., collaborative consortiums, endophenotypes) are discussed. Lastly, future perspectives in the field and how such work could benefit patients and clinicians are mentioned.
Different Influence of End Range Mobilization and Mobilization With Movement on Improving Motional Scope of Non Specific Frozen Shoulder

Limited joints are loss of active and passive mobility capability of a body joint resulting in disruption of daily activities. Limitations of movement in all directions are characteristic of frozen shoulder sufferers. This study aimed to examine the effect of end mobilization and mobilization with movement on increasing the scope of joint motion in frozen shoulder patients in Faisal Islamic Hospital Makassar from April to June 2017. The research method was Quasi Experiment with design of Two Groups Pre test- Post test. Population were all frozen shoulder patients who get physiotherapy treatment in Faisal Islamic Hospital Makassar. Sampling technique was done by purposive sampling then obtained the number of samples of 16 respondents. Divided into 2 groups, group 1 is 8 respondents who are given intervention of end range mobilization and group 2 that is 8 respondents who are given mobilization with movement intervention. Based on Wilcoxon test result in treatment group I end range mobilization for abduction shoulder movement with p value = 0,008 and shoulder exorotation with p value = 0,020 and shoulder endorotation movement with p value = 0,025. While in the treatment group II mobilization with movement for abduction movement shoulder with p value = 0.008 and shoulder exorotation with p value = 0,011 and shoulder endorotation movement with p value = 0,023. Both treatment groups had an effect on increasing the scope of joint motion in frozen shoulder patients. Based on the result of Mann-Whitney difference test obtained abduction movement shoulder p-value = 0,013 (p <0,05) and for shoulder parsing movement equal to p-value = 0,023 (p <0,05). Then there was the difference of effect between treatment I end range mobilization with treatment II mobilization with movement. But for endorotation movement shoulder got p-value = 0,074 which means there is no difference of influence between treatment I end mobilization range with treatment II mobilization with movement. It is concluded that mobilization with movement is more effective than end range mobilization in increasing the scope of joint motion for the limitations of shoulder abduction and shoulder exorotation in frozen shoulder patients. But for the limitations of shoulder endorotation there is no significant effect.
Familial Risks and Mortality in Second Primary Cancers in Melanoma

Abstract Background Malignant melanoma (MM) patients are at increasing risk of developing second primary cancers (SPCs). We assessed mortality and risk of SPCs in MM patients with siblings or parents affected with same cancer compared with that of the general population. Methods We used the Swedish Family-Cancer Database to assess relative risks (RRs) and causes of death in SPCs until 2015 in patients with a MM diagnosis between 1958 and 2015. We identified 35 451patients with MM among whom 3212 received a subsequent diagnosis of SPC. RRs of SPCs after MM diagnosis were calculated stratifying over concordant family history of cancer in first-degree relatives. Results Familial RRs were increased for second melanoma (RR = 19.28, 95% CI = 16.71 to 22.25), squamous cell skin cancer (RR = 7.58, 95% CI = 5.57 to 10.29), leukemia (RR = 5.69, 95% CI = 2.96 to 10.94), bladder (RR = 4.15, 95% CI = 2.50 to 6.89), ovarian (RR = 3.89, 95% CI = 1.46 to 10.37), kidney cancer (RR = 3.77, 95% CI = 1.57 to 9.06), cancer of unknown primary (RR = 3.67, 95% CI = 1.65 to 8.16), nervous system (RR = 2.88, 95% CI = 1.20 to 6.93), breast (RR = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.92 to 2.84), lung (RR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.50 to 3.35), and prostate cancer (RR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.89 to 2.61) with statistical significance. For all cancers, familial RR was in excess (2.09, 95% CI = 2.02 to 2.16 vs 1.78, 95% CI = 1.69 to 1.87; Ptrend < .0001). Cause of death in MM patients with SPC is shown to be dependent on the cancer site though SPCs contributed to majority of deaths. Conclusions SPCs appear higher with prior family history of cancer and contribute to mortality. SPC was the most common cause of death in patients with SPC and is almost uniformly the major contributing cause of death for all cancer sites. For improved survival in MM patients, prevention and early detection of SPCs would be important.
Serum Response Factor (SRF)-Dependent Signaling in Regenerating, Hypertrophied, and Pahological Skeletal Muscle

Serum response factor (SRF) is an ubiquitously expressed member of the MADS (MCM1, Agamous, Deficiens, SRF) box transcription factor family, sharing a highly conserved DNA-binding/dimerization domain, which binds the core sequence of SRE/CArG boxes [CC (A/T)6 GG]. In addition, SRF is as well a widely expressed transcription factor involved in orchestrating disparate programs of gene expression linked to differentiation and cellular growth in smooth, cardiac, and skeletal muscle. Recent results obtained with specific SRF knock-out models, using the Cre-LopP system, emphasize a crucial role for SRF in postnatal skeletal muscle growth and regeneration possibly due to the direct binding of Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) promoters in vivo. SRF also enhances the hypertrophic process in muscle fibers after mechnical overloading. During muscle hypertrophy, SRF seems to promote the proliferation and differentiation of muscle stem satellite cells after the activation of upstream mediators (STARS, MRTF-A, and RhoA). Our recent study has demonstrated a marked decrease in the amounts of SRF, STARS, and MRTF-A in sarcopenic muscles of mice. A decrease of SRF expression achieved using a transgenic approach was found to accelerate the atrophic process in muscle fibers and result in the significant deposition of intermuscle lipid with aging. A number of experimental models and human disorders are associated with changes in SRF expression, suggesting that SRF has a role in the pathogenesis of disease. This review summarizes the functional role of SRF and SRF-linked molecules during myogenesis, postnatal growth, hypertrophy, regeneration, and muscle wasting (ex. sarcopenia). Controlling the amount of SRF may be effective in the treatment of muscular
Rehabilitation and return to work after cancer — instruments and practices

The ‘Rehabilitation and return to work after cancer — instruments and practices’ project provides an insight into the issues surrounding rehabilitation and return to work (RTW) after a cancer diagnosis and the problems encountered by workers affected by cancer and their employers. Furthermore, the report presents recommendations for instruments, practices, policies and interventions to successfully support the RTW of workers affected by cancer. Each year, an estimated 3.4 million new cases of cancer are diagnosed in Europe. About half of the people diagnosed with cancer are of working age. Although cancer occurrence differs from one region to another in Europe, the most frequent forms of cancer are breast, colorectal, prostate and lung cancer. These types of cancer were estimated to account for over half of the overall burden of cancer in Europe in 2012. The impact of cancer on a person’s daily life is immediate and striking. The diagnosis usually results in long periods of sickness absence because of medical treatments and functional restrictions. Although, in general, cancer management has improved over the past three decades and the overall number of people who survive cancer is increasing, many cancer survivors still face long-term symptoms and impairments after their treatment ends, such as fatigue. These symptoms and impairments can affect the workability of cancer survivors, making it more difficult to remain in or re-enter the job market. Research shows that most cancer survivors are able to remain in or return to work, but that overall the risk of unemployment among cancer survivors is 1.4 times higher than among people who have never been diagnosed with cancer. Optimising the rehabilitation and RTW of workers affected by cancer is therefore important to both improve the well-being of this vulnerable group and reduce the societal and financial impacts of cancer on European enterprises and society at large. Instruments, practices, policies and interventions aimed at the promotion of rehabilitation and RTW are clearly important. This ‘Rehabilitation and return to work after cancer — instruments and practices’ project reports on the emerging issue of rehabilitation and RTW after cancer and provides national examples of successful instruments, practices, policies and interventions to prevent long-term sickness absences and unemployment. The project is divided into the following main tasks:  a literature review on rehabilitation and RTW after a cancer diagnosis;  detailed descriptions of instruments, practices, policies and interventions to support rehabilitation and RTW after a cancer diagnosis;  company case studies;  qualitative research with experts and intermediaries;  support for the EU-OSHA stakeholder seminar.
Pathogenesis-related Proteins From Helicobacter pylori: Structural and Functional Studies

Peptidoglycan deacetlyase (HP0310, HpPgdA) from the gram-negative pathogen Helicobacter pylori, has been indicated as the enzyme responsible for a peptidoglycan modification that counteracts the host immune response. HpPgdA has been cloned, purified and expressed in good yield in E. coli. It has been crystallized, its structure determined and activity tests in vitro performed. The enzyme, which belongs to the polysaccharide deacetylases protein family, is a homo-tetramer. The four polypeptide chains, each folded into a single domain characterized by a non-canonical TIM-barrel fold, are arranged around a four-fold symmetry axis. The active site, one per monomer, contains a heavy ion coordinated in a way similar to other deacetylases. However, the enzyme showed no in vitro activity on the typical polysaccharide substrates of peptidoglycan deacetylases. In striking contrast with the known peptidoglycan deacetylases, HpPgdA does not exhibit a solvent-accessible polysaccharide binding groove, suggesting that the enzyme binds a small molecule at the active site.
In vitro Adoption and Propagation of High Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) Virus Subtype H5N1 in non-avian Host System

Abstract The paradigmatic, fatal and devastating ailment called avian influenza or bird flu is a highly contagious viral disease caused by type A influenza virus, It primarily affects the respiratory, digestive and/or nervous system of chickens, turkeys, guinea fowls and other avian species and less commonly pigs and other species of mammals including human. In India, The first pandemic outbreak of Avian Influenza was reported during 2006. In this study, we selected an isolate of high pathogenic avian influenza (A/Ck/Jalgaon/India/12419/2006) H5N1 virus and propagated in chicken embryo fibroblast. Later this virus was adopted and propagated in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (MDCK) and Vero cells. Infected non-avian cells with an avian virus shown cytopathic effects like rounding, cytoplasmic elongation, syncytia formation and later stages fluffing from the attached surface. The harvested virus suspension shown increased haemagglutination titre (HA) than viral suspension from chicken embryo fibroblast culture and the presence of virus was confirmed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The obtained result reveals that virus had capacity to adopt for the invitro culture and propagate in non avian host cells with higher titre. This infers the chance of virus to cross the host barrier and probable chance of infection in human being.