Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
21st-Century Evolution of Greenland Outlet Glacier Velocities

Not So Fast Recent observations of some of Greenland's outlet glaciers have shown large and rapid increases in the speeds at which their ice has streamed to the sea. Simple projections of ice loss and sea level rise, based only on these increases, result in alarmingly high values and correspondingly great public concern. In order to provide a more comprehensive and detailed picture of this type of ice sheet mass loss, Moon et al. (p. 576; see the cover) compiled a decade-long record of ice stream velocity measurements for nearly all of Greenland's major outlet glaciers. The pattern of flow variability around the ice sheet was both spatially and temporally complex, with clear differences between marine- and land-terminating types, as well as between regions. Furthermore, the integrated velocity of all of the outlet glaciers measured was considerably less than the upper bounds that have been proposed on the basis of a few rapidly accelerating locations, implying that sea level rise over the next century may be less than the 2 meters that have been suggested. A decade-long compilation of velocity data for Greenland’s outlet glaciers shows complex spatial and temporal variability. Earlier observations on several of Greenland’s outlet glaciers, starting near the turn of the 21st century, indicated rapid (annual-scale) and large (>100%) increases in glacier velocity. Combining data from several satellites, we produce a decade-long (2000 to 2010) record documenting the ongoing velocity evolution of nearly all (200+) of Greenland’s major outlet glaciers, revealing complex spatial and temporal patterns. Changes on fast-flow marine-terminating glaciers contrast with steady velocities on ice-shelf–terminating glaciers and slow speeds on land-terminating glaciers. Regionally, glaciers in the northwest accelerated steadily, with more variability in the southeast and relatively steady flow elsewhere. Intraregional variability shows a complex response to regional and local forcing. Observed acceleration indicates that sea level rise from Greenland may fall well below proposed upper bounds.
Recent Results of Cardiac Gene Therapy Clinical Trials

Recent clinical gene therapy trials for the treatment of heart failure (HF) have failed to meet primary efficacy end points and have tampered enthusiasm for the future application of cardiac gene therapy. These results have brought to light the difficulty of efficiently introducing genes into the human heart and have focused on potential problems that need to be addressed before further clinical applications. These trials, however, have established the safety of gene delivery vectors for cardiac targeting in humans. The sinusoidal trajectory of gene therapy continues, and despite these setbacks, the future of the field is promising.
Efficient runtime adaptability to support context-awareness in a robotic framework

* Corresponding author. E-mail: garciarmiguel@uniovi.es. On June 25, 2013, Miguel Garcia defended his PhD thesis on efficient runtime adaptability for context-aware systems at the University of Oviedo. He presented his dissertation in a publicly open presentation held in the School of Computer Engineering (Fig. 1). After commenting on every question raised by the assessing committee, he was awarded the highest grade possible (cum laude). Miguel Garcia obtained his PhD with International Doctorate honorable mention. His work was previously accessed by Dr. Jorg Thomaschewski (University of Applied Sciences, Emden, Germany) and Dr. Giner Alor (Technological Institute of Orizaba, Mexico). The thesis was supervised by Dr. Francisco Ortin, and the PhD dissertation Committee was composed of Professor Miguel A. Labrador (University of South Florida), Dr. J. Baltasar Garcia PerezSchofield (University of Vigo), and Professor Juan Manuel Cueva (University of Oviedo). Part the research work was carried out during a four-month research state at Liverpool John Moores University (UK), supervised by Professor Majdid Merabti and Dr. David Llewellyn-Jones. His work at Liverpool consisted in applying runtime adaptability to other scenarios such as distributed systems security [1] and dynamic aspect oriented development [2]. The research work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (project TIN2011-25978) and Microsoft Research. His fourFig. 1. PhD dissertation defense.
Neuroprotection of brain-permeable iron chelator VK-28 against intracerebral hemorrhage in mice

Iron overload plays a key role in the secondary brain damage that develops after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The significant increase in iron deposition is associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which leads to oxidative brain damage. In this study, we examined the protective effects of VK-28, a brain-permeable iron chelator, against hemoglobin toxicity in an ex vivo organotypic hippocampal slice culture (OHSC) model and in middle-aged mice subjected to an in vivo, collagenase-induced ICH model. We found that the effects of VK-28 were similar to those of deferoxamine (DFX), a well-studied iron chelator. Both decreased cell death and ROS production in OHSCs and in vivo, decreased iron-deposition and microglial activation around hematoma in vivo, and improved neurologic function. Moreover, compared with DFX, VK-28 polarized microglia to an M2-like phenotype, reduced brain water content, deceased white matter injury, improved neurobehavioral performance, and reduced overall death rate after ICH. The protection of VK-28 was confirmed in a blood-injection ICH model and in aged-male and young female mice. Our findings indicate that VK-28 is protective against iron toxicity after ICH and that, at the dosage tested, it has better efficacy and less toxicity than DFX does.
Temperature trend patterns in southern hemisphere high latitudes: novel indicators of stratospheric change.

Abstract Robust stratospheric temperature trend patterns are suggested in the winter and spring seasons in the Southern Hemisphere high latitudes from the satellite-borne Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) measurement for 1979–2007. These patterns serve as indicators of key processes governing temperature and ozone changes in the Antarctic. The observed patterns are characterized by cooling and warming regions of comparable magnitudes, with the strongest local trends occurring in September and October. In September, ozone depletion induces radiative cooling, and strengthening of the Brewer–Dobson circulation (BDC) induces dynamical warming. Because the trends induced by these two processes are centered in different locations in September, they do not cancel each other, but rather produce a wavelike structure. In contrast, during October, the ozone-induced radiative cooling and the BDC-induced warming exhibit a more zonally symmetric structure than in September, and hence largely cancel each other. However, the.
FOXP3 Identifies Regulatory CD25brightCD4+ T Cells in Rheumatic Joints

Regulatory T cells have recently been implicated in a number of human diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis. To investigate whether the presence of CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells is a general finding in arthritic joints, synovial fluid of patients with different rheumatic diseases such as undifferentiated arthritides, systemic rheumatic diseases and reactive arthritis were investigated for the presence of such cells. In 95% of the patients, a higher frequency of CD25brightCD4+ T cells was found in synovial fluid as compared with peripheral blood. Both in vitro suppression experiments and FOXP3 mRNA analysis confirmed these cells to be natural regulatory T cells. Together with our previous data, we conclude that arthritic joints, irrespective of precise diagnosis and disease duration, are enriched with natural regulatory T cells. These results suggest that suppressor cells migrate to and/or multiply at the sites of inflammation as part of the immune responses' effort to combat injurious inflammation.
Inositol hexakisphosphate increases L‐type Ca2+ channel activity by stimulation of adenylyl cyclase

Inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6) is a most abundant inositol polyphosphate that changes simultaneously with inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate in depolarized neurons. However, the role of InsP6 in neuronal signaling is unknown. Mass assay reveals that the basal levels of InsP6 in several brain regions tested are similar. InsP6 mass is significantly elevated in activated brain neurons and lowered by inhibition of neuronal activity. Furthermore, the hippocampus is most sensitive to electrical challenge with regard to percentage accumulation of InsP6. In hippocampal neurons, InsP6 stimulates adenylyl cyclase (AC) without influencing cAMP phosphodiesterases, resulting in activation of protein kinase A (PKA) and thereby selective enhancement of voltage‐gated L‐type Ca2+ channel activity. This enhancement was abolished by preincubation with PKA and AC inhibitors. These data suggest that InsP6 increases L‐type Ca2+ channel activity by facilitating phosphorylation of PKA phosphorylation sites. Thus, in hippocampal neurons, InsP6 serves as an important signal in modulation of voltage‐gated L‐type Ca2+ channel activity. —Yang, S. ‐N. , Yu, J., Mayr, G. W. , Hofmann, F. , Larsson, O. , Berggren, P.‐O. Inositol hexakisphosphate increases L‐type Ca2+ channel activity by stimulation of adenylyl cyclase. FASEB J. 15, 1753–1763 (2001)
Toward Understanding Children's Perspectives on Using 3D Printing Technologies in their Everyday Lives

Children are currently using 3D printers in schools, libraries, and maker-oriented spaces. As in-home use of 3D printing becomes more common, children's access to this technology will increase. Research has investigated challenges and educational opportunities around children's use of 3D printers, and has speculated on their desires. So far, little research has investigated how children perceive the opportunities of 3D printing in their everyday lives. This exploratory work presents results from a series of three Cooperative Inquiry design sessions that investigated children's anticipated everyday uses of 3D printing and how 3D printing technologies may need to adapt to meet this envisioned future. We found that children welcomed the idea of 3D printing in their everyday lives, envisioning diverse uses spanning utilitarian needs, promoting social good, encouraging play, and providing rapid interventions. We discuss the implications of these outcomes for future designers of 3D printing and modeling technologies.
IMP2 axonal localization, RNA interactome, and function in the development of axon trajectories

RNA-based regulatory mechanisms play important roles in the development and plasticity of neural circuits and neurological disease. Developing axons provide a model well suited to the study of RNA-based regulation, and contain specific subsets of mRNAs that are locally translated and have roles in axon pathfinding. However, the RNA-binding proteins involved in axon pathfinding, and their corresponding mRNA targets, are still largely unknown. Here we find that the RNA-binding protein IMP2 (Igf2bp2) is strikingly enriched in developing axon tracts, including in spinal commissural axons. We used the HITS-CLIP approach to perform a genome-wide identification of RNAs that interact directly with IMP2 in the native context of developing mouse brain. This IMP2 interactome was highly enriched for mRNA targets related to axon guidance. Accordingly, IMP2 knockdown in the developing spinal cord led to strong defects in commissural axon trajectories at the midline intermediate target. These results reveal a highly distinctive axonal enrichment of IMP2, show that it interacts with a network of axon guidance-related mRNAs, and reveal that it is required for normal axon pathfinding during vertebrate development. Highlighted article: The RNA-binding protein IMP2 is enriched in developing axons, interacts with a network of axon guidance-related mRNAs, and is required for normal axon pathfinding in mouse embryos.
Calf endometriosis: a case report and review of musculoskeletal involvement.

A few cases of endometriosis of the musculoskeletal system have been reported. In the present case report, we describe an endometriosis of the leg, presenting as a softtissue mass, and emphasize the importance of patient history and clinicoradiologic correlation for easier diagnosis. The authors have obtained the patient’s written informed consent for print and electronic publication of the case report.
Invariant Chain Dissociation from Class II MHC Is a Catalyst for Foreign Peptide Binding a

The class I1 MHC-associated invariant chain (li) acts as a chaperone in facilitating the transport and assembly of class I1 MHC molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum and their sorting to compartments containing endocytosed antigens. As a result of their association with li, class I1 MHC a p chains do not bind self, endogenous peptides resident in the ER. ' Class I1 MHC-li complexes move through the Golgi apparatus and eventually enter the endocytic pathway. Class I1 MHC-li complexes reside in endosomal compartments for 2-3 hours prior to the exit of class I1 MHC to the cell surface. While in endosomes, class I1 MHC become free of li through the action of cathepsin B on lL2 This dissociation event permits class I1 MHC to bind peptides, become stable, and egress to the plasma membrat~e. ~ Our studies demonstrate that the binding of T-cell-presented peptides to class I1 MHC occurs as a concurrent process with the release of li by cathepsin B. Another endosomal protease, cathepsin D, which cleaved but did not release li, did not enhance peptide binding. However, trace levels of cathepsin D in the presence of cathepsin B further enhanced peptide binding by class I1 MHC. Because peptide binding to affinity-purified class I1 MHC is very slow, relative to the time required for peptide binding by living cells, we decided to examine whether a class I1 conformational intermediate formed during the release of li is more efficient in binding peptides than is either class I1 MHC-U complexes or lifreed class I1 MHC. We incubated solubilized microsomal membranes from an HLADR-1' cell line (JESTHOM) with a radiolabeled, HLA-DR-1 -restricted influenza virus MA( 18-29) peptide which was coupled to a heterobifunctional cross-linker (HSAB). Incubations were done at pH 5 for various time periods in the presence of varying concentrations of cathepsin B, which cleaves and releases li from class I1
Narrow linewidth fiber laser for 100-km optical frequency domain reflectometry

A diode-pumped single-frequency piezoelectrically tuned fiber laser with narrow spectral linewidth has been used as a light source in applications for long-range coherent frequency-domain reflectometry. Frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) measurements of Rayleigh back-scattering and Fresnel reflection from a 95-km-long fiber have been demonstrated without the use of an optical amplifier. This is, to our knowledge, the longest distance measurement with FMCW. The high sensitivity and dynamic range of the long-range backscattering measurements benefit from the extremely long coherence length of the narrow linewidth fiber laser, which has been estimated to be 210 km in air.
A Wideband Hybrid Printed Monopole/Rectangular Patch Antenna

This paper deals with a novel hybrid antenna configuration for broadband application. Broadband performance is achieved by electromagnetically exciting a planar rectangular patch with rear-mounted strip monopole antenna. The antenna has an overall dimension of 40.5 × 45 × 3.2 mm3 including the feed line and the ground plane. The reflection and radiation characteristics of the prototype antenna exhibits a 2:1 VSWR bandwidth of 40%, an average gain of ~ 7.1 dBi and good radiation coverage. The parametric analysis of the antenna and the design criteria for a compact broad band are also presented in this paper.
Does growing old increase the risk for depression?

OBJECTIVE Most research examining age as a risk factor for depression has been based on cross-sectional data. To investigate the effect of aging on rates of depression prospectively, the authors used two waves of data from a panel study of community residents 50 years old and older. METHOD Data on symptoms of major depressive episodes were examined for the 1994 and 1995 cohorts of the Alameda County Study. The authors examined age, gender, marital status, education, financial strain, chronic medical conditions, functional impairment, cognitive problems, life events, neighborhood problems, social isolation, and social support. Depression was measured with 12 items covering DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for major depressive episodes. RESULTS Point prevalence of major depressive episodes was 8.7% in 1994 and 9.0% in 1995. Among the subjects 60 years old and older, there was a tendency toward higher prevalence in 1995. The highest prevalence rates in 1994 and in 1995 were among those 80 years old and older. Subjects who were depressed in 1994 were at greater risk for depression in 1995. When the effects of age and other psychosocial risk factors in 1994 were controlled, there were no significant age effects on depression in 1995. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that the initial age effects were due mainly to chronic health problems and functional impairment. Gender, chronic health conditions, problems with activities of daily living, cognitive problems, neighborhood problems, and social isolation in 1994 all were significant predictors of depression in 1995. CONCLUSIONS Healthy, normally functioning older adults are at no greater risk for depression than younger adults. What seem to be age-related effects on depression are attributable to physical health problems and related disability.
The Interconnected Relationships of Health Insurance, Health, and Labor Market Outcomes

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) has greatly increased the proportion of non-elderly Americans with health insurance. One justification for the ACA is that improving individuals’ access to health insurance would improve their health outcomes, mostly by increasing the probability that they have a regular source of care. Another is that increasing the availability of health insurance outside of employment reduces the “job lock” that ties poorly matched workers to their jobs only because they want to maintain coverage. This study reviews the literature on the relationships between health insurance and health, between health and work, and between health insurance and labor market outcomes directly. The review uses evidence from recent policy expansions in Oregon and Massachusetts, and among Social Security disability beneficiaries and Medicare enrollees, to evaluate the extent to which expansions have the expected effects on labor market outcomes, indirectly and directly.
Stochastic Expansions and Moment Approximations for Three Indirect Estimators

This paper deals with properties of three indirect estimators that are known to be (first order) asymptotically equivalent. Specifically, we examine a) the issue of validity of the formal Edgeworth expansion of an arbitrary order. b) Given a), we are concerned with valid moment approximations and employ them to characterize the second order bias structure of the estimators. Our motivation resides on the fact that one of the three is reported by the relevant literature to be second order unbiased. However, this result was derived without any establishment of validity. We provide this establishment, but we are also able to massively generalize the conditions under which this second order property remains true. In this way, we essentially prove their higher order inequivalence. We generalize indirect estimators by introducing recursive ones, emerging from multistep optimization procedures. We are able to establish higher order unbiaseness for estimators of this sort.
Ectopic activation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint reveals its biochemical design and physiological operation

Switch-like activation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC) is critical for accurate chromosome segregation during cell division. To determine the mechanisms that implement it, we engineered an ectopic, kinetochore-independent SAC activator, the “eSAC”. The eSAC stimulates the SAC signaling cascade by artificially dimerizing the Mps1 kinase domain and a cytosolic KNL1 phosphodomain, the signaling scaffold in the kinetochore. Quantitative analyses and mathematical modeling of the eSAC reveal that the recruitment of multiple SAC proteins by the KNL1 phosphodomain stimulates synergistic signaling, which enables a small number of KNL1 molecules produce a disproportionately strong anaphase-inhibitory signal. However, when multiple KNL1 molecules signal concurrently, they compete for a limited cellular pool of SAC proteins. This frustrates synergistic signaling and modulates signal output. Together, these mechanisms institute automatic gain control – inverse, non-linear scaling between the signal output per kinetochore and the unattached kinetochore number, and thus enact the SAC switch.
Investigation and characterization of millimeter-wave transmission lines and bandpass filters on liquid crystal polymer

As frequencies tend to increase for the next generation of wireless applications, the materials and integration techniques in RF system are experiencing more demanding performance constraints. Many of the materials commonly used for system-on-package (SoP) microwave circuit construction have shortfalls that limit their implementation for higher frequency applications, such as in the millimeter-wave applications. The industry standard for circuit boards, i.e., FR4, becomes dysfunctional due to prohibitively large losses in the high Gigahertz range. Low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) has attractive electrical characteristics, dense multilayer circuit integration, and very good package hermeticity, but the cost is relatively high. One potential material that could address the needs for wireless systems built across a very wide frequency range is liquid crystal polymer (LCP). The low loss (tan delta = 0.002-0.004), near hermetic nature (water absorption 0.04%), and low cost (~$5/ft2 for 2-mil single-clad low-melt LCP) make it appealing for high-frequency designs where excellent performance is required for minimal cost.