Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Main considerations on the use of biomembranes in implantology: A review

Over the past 30 years, the number of dental implant procedures has been increasing worldwide, reaching about one million dental implants per year. In Brazil, in the last decades, there has been a very rapid evolution in implant dentistry with high success rates. The development of biomaterials for use in dental clinics in recent years has represented a powerful therapeutic tool in the correction of bone defects. This study aims to analyze and discuss the main types of biological membranes, positives, negatives, their indications and results. For the development of the present revision work, we used a database such as Medline, Embase, Pubmed, Ovid and Cochrane. The main descriptors (MeshTerms) used were “Implantology”, “Regenerative Surgery”, “Biomembranes”, “Bioengineering Bone”. Based on the literary findings, both non-absorbable and absorbable membranes are effective in the process of bone regeneration. Absorbents do not require a second surgical time. However, there are information gaps, and further research is needed to ensure the perfect knowledge of the properties of the physical barriers to achieve a perfect bone regeneration of the periodontal bone defects and around implants. Due to bone regeneration and biological barriers in the Grafting surgeries, there was a technological growth of these materials because they pointed out as potential tools for the treatment of bone loss. Correspondence to: Dr. Idiberto José Zotarelli Filho, Unipos Post graduate and continuing education, Street Ipiranga, 3460, São José do Rio Preto SP, Brazil, Tel: +55(17) 98166-6537/+55(17) 98803-7459; E-mail: m.zotarelli@gmail.com
Valuing Forest-Attacking Invasive Species using Subjective Well-Being Data

Invasive alien species can affect human well-being through changes in environmental quality. However, few estimates exist of individual-level damages created by invasives and none that are based on observed changes in life satisfaction, itself an approximation of experienced utility. Exploiting a unique natural experiment provided by the destruction of tens of millions of ash trees in the US, we estimate the utility-theoretic costs associated with the invasive emerald ash borer (EAB). We isolate the impact of EAB detection on life satisfaction using a fixed effects design and individual-level data on US adults over 2006-2010. The regression estimated compensating differential is used to calculate average “willingness to pay” for eradication of EAB. In the baseline specification, detection of EAB is associated with a decrease in life satisfaction that is equivalent to a $176 drop in average annual household income. This corresponds to $5.8 billion in annual aggregate EAB-induced damages in the counties where EAB was detected between 2006-2010. Individuals in the third and fourth highest in-sample income quartiles have a willingness to pay of $280 and $621, respectively, suggesting that EAB eradication is a normal good. This methodology can be used to assess the utility-theoretic costs of other forest-attacking invasives.
New insights on hepatocellular carcinoma: epidemiology and clinical aspects

Primary liver cancer represents the 4th most common tumor in males (4% of all cancers) and the 7th most common tumor in females (2.3% of all cancers), with a prevalence of 53/100,000 in males and 22/100,000 in females (male-to-female ratio = 2:1). In the majority of the cases, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops in patients with cirrhosis and thus the risk factors for HCC and chronic liver disease are overlapping. Viral infections (hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus), alcohol and fat (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis) represent the main risk factors for development of HCC on cirrhotic liver. Several prospective studies reported that at present HCC does represent the first cause of death of cirrhotic patients, while in the past morbidity and mortality in cirrhosis were mainly determined by other non-neoplastic complications of the disease. From a clinical point of view, staging systems in HCC should define outcome prediction and treatment assignment. Due to the nature of HCC, the main prognostic variables are the tumor stage, liver function and performance status. The most accepted clinical classification of HCC has been proposed by the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer. The BCLC staging system has come to be widely accepted in clinical practice and is also being used for many clinical trials of new drugs to treat HCC. Therefore, it has become the de facto staging system that is used.
Role of sediment denitrification in water column oxygen dynamics: comparison of the North American East and West Coasts

Abstract. Low oxygen concentrations, either natural or anthropogenically driven, can severely affect coastal marine ecosystems. A deeper understanding of oxygen dynamics is required in order to improve numerical models, eventually to predict the timing and severity of hypoxia. In this study we investigate the effect of sediment denitrification on oxygen concentrations in bottom waters over the continental shelf. We used two coupled physical-biological models based on the Regional Ocean Modelling System (ROMS) to compare summer simulations with and without denitrification within the sediments for two North American shelves: the Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB) and the Vancouver Island Shelf (VIS). These regions belong to western and eastern boundary current systems, respectively, and are characterized by different physical and biological dynamics. Both models assume coupled nitrification-denitrification within the sediments. Denitrification represents a loss of bioavailable nitrogen through the production of dinitrogen gas, with the potential to affect biogeochemical cycles. In our MAB model, this loss of regenerated nutrients through denitrification within the sediments significantly affects primary production, since recycled nitrogen supports most of the primary production in that region. The diminished primary production and consequent decrease of organic matter flux to the seafloor leads to less sediment oxygen consumption and higher oxygen concentrations in bottom waters. However, changes in regenerated nitrogen on the VIS barely affect primary production due to the efficient supply of new nutrients through wind-driven upwelling during summer and the nutrient-rich coastal current. We recommend that modelling experiments focusing on oxygen dynamics (as well as oxygen budget calculations) should include sediment denitrification in coastal regions where regenerated primary production dominates productivity.
WEAK CONVERGENCE THEOREM BY A MODIFIED EXTRAGRADIENT METHOD FOR NONEXPANSIVE MAPPINGS AND MONOTONE MAPPINGS

In this paper, we introduce a modified extragradient method for finding a common element of the set of fixed points of a nonexpansive mapping and the set of solutions of the variational inequality problem for a monotone and Lipschitz continuous mapping. Our modified extragradient method is a variant of the so-called extragradient method. We obtain a weak convergent theorem for two sequences generated by this modified extragradient method.
Theoretical Study of antioxidant properties of three isomers flavonoids : kaempferol , luteolin and fisetin

Fisetin, luteolin and kaempferol are three flavonoids isomers known for their antioxidant properties. To determine the most likely mechanism and the most important sites of demonstration of the antioxidant activity of the molecules, a theoretical study of these properties was carried out by functional B3LYP of DFT in three bases set more and more widened 6-311G, 6-311G (d, p) and 6-311 ++ G (d, p). Based on the electronic and thermodynamic calculated parameters, three elimination mechanisms of the peroxide radical (O2°) were investigated for each of the molecules: electron elimination followed by proton elimination by the molecule, then trapping of free radical; proton elimination followed by electron elimination, then trapping of the free radical; elimination of hydrogen atom by homolytic rupture of OH bond, then trapping of the free radical. The results confirmed that fisetin was the best antioxidant of the three molecules. The mechanism through the elimination of atomic hydrogen by homolytic bond breaking, the most likely for the removal of a peroxide radical by each of the two molecules and the most important sites of demonstration of the antioxidant activity of both flavonols were especially their catechol hydroxyl groups.
Verification of photo-model-based pose estimation and handling of unique clothes under illumination varieties

Human can recognize and handle (pick and place) easily the objects with a variety of different shapes, colors, sizes, and humans’ eyes are adaptable to various light environments with a certain tolerance. However, it is difficult for robots to recognize deformable objects such as cloth, string, etc., especially if an object is unique. Additionally, there have been difficulties for robots with vision sensors (cameras) to accurately detect and handle objects under various light environments. This paper proposes a cloth handling system that recognizes an unique cloth appeared in front of a robot by a photo-model-based approach. The photo-model-based approach has been adopted since the photo-model can be made at once by taking a photo of the unique cloth. In proposed cloths’ pose estimation method, a photo-model projected from 3D to 2D is used, where this system does not need defining the object’s size, shape, design, color and weight. It detects the cloth through model-based matching method and Genetic Algorithm (GA). The handling performance by the proposed method with dual-eyes cameras has been verified, revealing that the proposed system has leeway to recognize and handle the unique cloth in lighting varieties from 100 lx to 1300 lx. In addition, 3D recognition and handling accuracy have been confirmed to be practically effective by conducting the recognition/handling experiments under different light conditions.
In Sheep’s Clothing: Reflections on the Trickery of Nature

In the realm of nature as well as in human society, things are often not what they seem. Animals, plants, and humans use endless stratagems to hide their vulnerable parts, camouflage their true strength, and survive despite hazards and predators at every turn. To exist in this world as a woman is to be a student of these protective devices, to learn and adopt the techniques and behaviors that best ensure her survival against the forces of patriarchy and institutionalized oppression. She must use whatever means she can to protect herself and secure her place in the world. She may also choose to hide her true power behind the soft, pleasing flourishes of decoration. Like a wolf in sheep’s clothing, women must adapt and evolve constantly to suit the demands of their environment. This body of work explores nature and its infinite complexity: it’s dangerous beauty, its potential to confuse and bewilder, its hidden secrets, and its multifaceted nature. This work spans a wide range of techniques and building any way possible. This book invites viewers to explore and celebrate the ways in which women exhibit the spirit of nature and its endless ways of surviving in a harsh world.
Characterization of Environmental Samples around an Indigenous Refinery in Nigeria

Co-contamination by petrochemicals and heavy metals emanating from refinery operations was investigated from sludge, soil and water samples immediately around WRPC refinery, Delta State, Nigeria. Collection and assessment of environmental samples from 5 different points across the refinery and groundwater for which the pH, Electrical Conductivity, Temperature, Turbidity, TDS, TSS, Total hardness, Alkalinity, DO, BOD, Clˉ, PO43ˉ and bacteriological analysis were measured. The total petroleum hydrocarbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations were 755.291 and 22.746 mg L-1 in the water samples, 8756.148 and 311.569 mg kg-1 for the soil samples, 65346.8 and 4190.598 mg kg-1 for the sludge samples via GC-MS analysis. The effects of the release of the industrial effluents caused the increase in pH, 5.2-5.3 across the studied samples. Conductivity measurements for the sludge, soil and water samples gave readings of 0.27, 0.25 and 0.48 µs cm-1 respectively. The presence and distribution of different heavy metals varied whereby the presence of cadmium (0.139 mg/l), cobalt (0.34 mg/l) and nickel (0.606 mg/l) in the water samples were above the WHO permissible limits. The highest concentrations of iron (108.77 mg/kg) and zinc (11.072 mg/kg) where observed in the soil samples while chromium (24.25 mg/kg), lead (3.902 mg/kg), mercury (0.21 mg/kg), arsenic (0.417 mg/kg), copper (2.015 mg/kg) and manganese (82.695 mg/kg) where highest in the sludge samples. Total bacterial enumeration revealed a count of 7.29 x 103 (cfu/g), 1.84 x 103 (cfu/g) and 1.32 x 103 (cfu/ml) in the soil, sludge and water samples respectively. The presence and concentrations of these mixed pollutants via the activities of the refinery resulted in change of known physicochemical properties which in turn affects the vegetative and microbial flora within the area.
Modeling of the Impact of Blood Vessel Flow on the Temperature Distribution during Focused Ultrasound Exposure

Focused ultrasound systems guided by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and thermometry have recently made possible the non-invasive thermal ablation of benign tumors such as uterine fibroids in clinical practice. Much more work is however required in order to make this technology available for the treatment of other forms of cancer. One of the major difficulties is associated with the presence of blood vessels that are an important cause of temperature inhomogeneity preventing the optimal control of temperature required for a successful outcome. To address this problem, focused ultrasound treatments have been simulated for a homogeneous block of musclelike tissue with either one or multiple discrete vessels. Our results indicate a wide variability in the achieved temperature and thermal dose distributions during the different treatments. We have shown that this variability can be greatly reduced with a treatment planning that takes into account the presence of blood vessels and blood flow.
A Survey on using Neural Network based Algorithms for Hand Written Digit Recognition

The detection and recognition of handwritten content is the process of converting non-intelligent information such as images into machine edit-able text. This research domain has become an active research area due to vast applications in a number of fields such as handwritten filing of forms or documents in banks, exam form filled by students, users’ authentication applications. Generally, the handwritten content recognition process consists of four steps: data preprocessing, segmentation, the feature¬ extraction and selection, application of supervised learning algorithms. In this paper, a detailed survey of existing techniques used for Hand Written Digit Recognition(HWDR) is carried out. This review is novel as it is focused on HWDR and also it only discusses the application of Neural Network (NN) and its modified algorithms. We discuss an overview of NN and different algorithms which have been adopted from NN. In addition, this research study presents a detailed survey of the use of NN and its variants for digit recognition. Each existing work, we elaborate its steps, novelty, use of dataset and advantages and limitations as well. Moreover, we present a Scientometric analysis of HWDR which presents top journals and sources of research content in this research domain. We also present research challenges and potential future work.
Positive allometry for exaggerated structures in the ceratopsian dinosaur Protoceratops andrewsi supports socio-sexual signaling

The allometry in the frill and jugal bosses of the small ornithischian dinosaur Protoceratops andrewsi are assessed. An analysis of 37 specimens, encompassing four distinct size classes of animal, shows that the frill (in both length and width) undergoes positive allometry during ontogeny, while the jugals also show a trend towards an increase in relative size. In conjunction with other data, this provides support that these features were under selection as socio-sexual dominance signals.
Variational Discrete Developable Surface Interpolation

Modeling using developable surfaces plays an important role in computer graphics and computer aided design. In this paper, we investigate a new problem called variational developable surface interpolation (VDSI). For a polyline boundary P, different from previous work on interpolation or approximation of discrete developable surfaces from P, the VDSI interpolates a subset of the vertices of P and approximates the rest. Exactly speaking, the VDSI allows to modify a subset of vertices within a prescribed bound such that a better discrete developable surface interpolates the modified polyline boundary. Therefore, VDSI could be viewed as a hybrid of interpolation and approximation. Generally, obtaining discrete developable surfaces for given polyline boundaries are always a time-consuming task. In this paper, we introduce a dynamic programming method to quickly construct a developable surface for any boundary curves. Based on the complexity of VDSI, we also propose an efficient optimization scheme to solve the variational problem inherent in VDSI. Finally, we present an adding point condition, and construct a G continuous quasi-Coons surface to approximate a quadrilateral strip which is converted from a triangle strip of maximum developability. Diverse examples given in this paper demonstrate the efficiency and practicability of the proposed methods. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4026291]
Factors Governing the Intelligibility of Speech Sounds

This paper discusses the factors which govern the intelligibility of speech sounds and presents relationships which have been developed for expressing quantitatively, in terms of the fundamental characteristics of speech and hearing, the capability of the ear in recognizing these sounds. The success of the listener in recognizing and interpreting speech sounds depends on their intensity in the ear and the intensity of unwanted sounds that may be present. The relationships presented in this paper deal with the intelligibility of speech sounds as a function of these intensities in the different frequency ranges of speech. Results calculated from these relationships are compared with observed results for a variety of systems.
Guiding Motion using a Sound Target

We report on an experiment designed to evaluate sensorimo- tor adaptation in a motion-based sound synthesis system. We propose to investigate a sound-oriented task, namely to reproduce a targeted sound. The system is a small handheld object whose motion drives a sound syn- thesizer. In particular, the angular velocity is captured in real-time by a gyroscope and transmitted wirelessly to the sound engine. The targeted sound is obtained when the motion matches a given reference velocity profile. If the velocity profile is performed with sufficient accuracy, a specific sound is heard, while a incorrect velocity profile produces either noisier sound or sound with a louder high harmonic (depending on lower or higher velocity values). The results show that subjects are generally able to learn to reproduce the target sound. Motor adaptation is also found to occur, at various degrees, in most subjects when the profile is altered.
Rapid estimation of first‐order rupture characteristics for large earthquakes using surface waves: 2004 Sumatra‐Andaman earthquake

Broadband surface waves from large earthquakes can be rapidly processed to estimate seismic moment, faulting duration, and general slip distribution, supplying important information for hazard response efforts, including tsunami warnings. Deconvolution of surface‐wave Green's functions removes propagation effects, yielding azimuthally varying effective source time functions. Even a single fault‐perpendicular time function can provide robust first‐order estimates of the temporal history of seismic radiation and associated slip distribution. Simplified two‐dimensional finite‐fault modeling using a few surface‐wave time functions can reliably characterize the smooth component of the overall rupture process. These procedures are demonstrated using 13 Rayleigh wave observations for the 26 December 2004 Sumatra‐Andaman earthquake, yielding satisfactory agreement with models based on more complete seismic data sets. Depending on source and station locations, stable slip estimates can be obtained within 15–60 minutes of the onset of a large earthquake.
Career Concerns of Mutual Fund Managers

This paper examines the labor market for mutual fund managers and managers' responses to the implicit incentives created by their career concerns. We find that managerial turnover is sensitie to a fund's recent performance. Consistent with the hypothesis that fund companies are learning about managers' abilities, managerial turnover is more performance-sensitive for younger fund managers. Interpreting the separation-performance relationship as an incentive scheme, several of our results suggest that a desire to avoid separation may induce managers at different stages of their careers to behave differently. Younger fund managers appear to be given less discretion in the management of their funds; i.e. they are more likely to lose their jobs if their fund's beta or unsystematic risk level deviates from the mean for their fund's objective group. We also show that the shape of the job separation-performance relationship may provide an incentive for young mutual fund managers to be risk averse in selecting their fund's portfolio. Consistent with these implicit labor market incentives, younger fund managers do take on lower unsystematic risk and deviate less from typical behavior than their older counterparts. Finally, additional results on the flow of investments into mutual funds suggest that rather than just being due to a screening process, firing decisions may also be influenced by a desire to stimulate inflows of investment into the fund.
Presence and Navigation: a Comparison Between the Free Exploration of a Real and a Virtual Museum

The validity of environmental simulations resides in their capacity to replicate responses produced in a physical environment. However, no studies validate the similarity of navigation in immersive virtual environments, even though this can radically condition space perception and therefore alter the various evoked responses. The objective of this present paper is to validate environmental simulations using 3D environments and head-mounted display devices, at perception level by means of presence and at behavioural level through navigation. A comparison was developed between the free exploration of an art exhibition in a physical museum and a simulation of the same experience. At perception level, the virtual museum shows a high degree of presence. At navigation level, movement patterns show high similarity, and they present significant differences only at the beginning of the exploration in the percentage of area explored and the time taken to undertake the visits. The results suggest that there is an environmental adaptation effect of about 2 minutes. Subsequently, navigation in physical and virtual museums does not show significant differences. These findings support the use of immersive virtual environments as empirical tools in human behavioural research.