Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tissue characterization of intracranial tumors by magnetization transfer and spin‐lattice relaxation parameters in vivo

T1s and magnetization transfer (MT) parameters of 36 intracranial tumors were determined in vivo at 0.1 T to assess their use in tissue characterization. The mobile water relaxation times (T1w) did not differ between tumor groups, whereas the T1s, the apparent MT relaxation times (T1a), and the parameters MT contrast (MTC) differed significantly between several tumor types. The MT rates (Rwm) demonstrated the most significant differences; Rwm values could reliably separate high grade and low grade gliomas. T1ws of the tumors were commonly in the same range as that of normal gray matter, whereas other parameters differed from those of normal brain. The results indicate that MT rates are superior to other parameters in the characterization of intracranial tumors and may be also useful clinically in the grading of gliomas.
Normalisation et validation d'images de documents capturées en mobilité

La numerisation de documents a l'aide des smartphones introduit un nombre important de degradations qui doivent etre corrigees ou detectees sur le mobile, avant l'envoi de donnees sur un reseau payant ou la perte de disponibilite du document. Dans cet article, nous proposons un systeme permettant de corriger les problemes de perspective et d'illumination avant d'estimer la nettete de l'image pour un traitement OCR. L'etape corrective repose sur une detection des contours, suivie d'une normalisation de l'illumination. Son evaluation sur un jeu de donnees prive montre une amelioration franche des resultats OCR. L'etape de controle repose sur une combinaison de mesures de focus. Son evaluation sur un jeu de donnees public montre que cette approche simple donne des performances comparables a celles des meilleures methodes basees sur des traitements lourds, et surpasse les methodes basees sur des metriques.
A new method to determine oxidative stability of vegetable fats and oils at simulated frying temperature

A new procedure at simulated frying conditions in our laboratory was developed to monitor frying stability of fats and oils. Water-conditioned silica was prepared and added to the fresh vegetable oil, which was heated for two hours at 170°C. The oil stability at frying temperature was then evaluated by determining the amount of formed dimeric triglycerides The results obtained showed that the stability of the vegetable oils at frying temperature could not be explained by the fatty acid composition alone. Corn oil was observed to be more stable than soybean oil, and rapeseed oil was better than olive oil. It was also observed that crude, non-refined oils were found to have a better heat stability than refin-ed oils. To estimate the effectiveness of synthetic and naturally occurring antioxidants, namely various tocopherols, tocopherol acetate and phytosterol fractions, phenolic compounds like quercetin, oryzanol, ferulic acid, gallates, BHT, BHA and other compounds like ascorbic acid 6-palmitate and squalene were added to refined sunflower and rape seed oil, and their oxidative stability at elevated temperature (OSET) values determined. Both linoleic and oleic rich oils gave comparable results for the activity of the various compounds. alpha-tocopherol, tocopherol esters and BHA had low effects on oil stability at frying temperature, while ascorbyl palmitate and some phytosterol fractions were found to have the most stabilizing activity under frying conditions.
Ventricular pacing can induce hemodynamically significant mitral valve regurgitation.

Mitral valve regurgitation (MR) may develop or worsen suddenly during cardiac operations and result in severe arterial hypotension. Among the common causes are annular dilatation due to left ventricular distention and ischemic papillary muscle dysfunction. The incident reported here highlights an unusual etiology not previously described in a clinical setting ― ventricular-pacing-induced MR in the presence of normally timed end-diastolic atrial contraction
Information as sign: semiotics and information science

From the perspective of semiotics, “information” is an ambiguous theoretical concept because the word is used to represent both signifier and signified, both text and content. Using the work of Fernand de Saussure, this paper explores theoretical possibilities that open by virtue of understanding information as sign. Of particular interest is the way semiotics suggests ways to bridge the theoretical gap between information as thing and information as cognitive phenomenon by positing information as a cultural phenomenon.
Co-morbidities and socio-demographic distribution of stroke survivors referred for physiotherapy in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital: a retrospective study.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The study investigated some co-morbidities, and age, gender and occupational distribution of stroke survivors seen in the Physiotherapy clinic of University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria; A 3-year retrospective study (January, 2008 to December, 2010). PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 236 case notes of stroke survivors referred to the Physiotherapy clinic within the period of study were obtained and reviewed. RESULTS Majority (50.8%) of the stroke survivors were hypertensive, type 2 diabetes mellitus accounted for 14.8%, HIV 11.4%, chronic renal and heart diseases constituted 8.1% and 3.8% respectively. Those with hperlipidaemia and obesity comprised 3.0% each, and not specified encompassed 5.1%. One hundred and forty-one (59.7%) of the cases seen were males and 95 (40.3%) were females. The average age of the male and female patients were 56.0 ± 15.8 and 49.8 ± 18.8 years respectively. Housewives (31.8%) constituted the highest occupational groups while students (5.9%) were the least. CONCLUSION The most common co-morbidities found among the stroke survivors were hypertension (50.8%), diabetes mellitus (14.8%) and HIV (11.4%). Majority of the stroke survivors were at their peak age when they are most economically relevant and productive (below 60 years). This suggests that the disability resulting from stroke will have a great negative impact on quality of life and socio-economic lives of these patients as well as a burden on the society. To alleviate this impact and lessen the societal burden of the disease, the public should be well educated and informed on the importance of seeking prompt and appropriate health care services.
A CRITIQUE ON IMPROVEMENT PLANS: A TOOL FOR TRANSFORMATION OF SQUATTER HOUSING AREAS IN ANKARA (1)

By 1950s, large scale urbanization processes had accelerated at international scale due to significant technological, economic and political changes. Changes with regard to international relations after the World War II were manifest especially among -developed and developing countries. Before the World War II, economies of some developing countries had become dependent on the developed economies. After the War, economic dependency prevailed. Technology and capital transfer to developing countries in return for their raw material and cheap labour, gave rise to new international relations within the context of economic interaction between developed and developing countries. Rapid and comprehensive urbanization processes stemming from industrial investment to urban areas along with agricultural investment to predominant rural areas and consequent migration from latter to former became the pattern of development in the developing world. As other developing countries, Turkey was also influenced by these changes. During the period between 1923 and 1945, from foundation of the Republic to the beginning the World War II, Turkey empowered internal markets; increased its industrial investments and improved its transportation network. Changes in economic structure gave rise to an industrialization process which, in turn, shaped the urbanization process in Turkey.
Quantitative Tone and Intonation Modeling across Languages

Although it has been shown for many languages that the Fujisaki model is in principle capable of decomposing F0 contours in these languages, problems remain as to the automatic extraction as well as the interpretation of parameters extracted with respect to their phonological relevance. The claim is made in the current article that the Fujisaki model parametrization used must be rooted in the linguistic system of the particular language, and that this consideration should always be given priority over simple fitting accuracy. To this effect, this article presents settings and results from a number of more recent studies by the author and his co-workers in various languages, such as German, Finnish, Thai and Vietnamese.
Imaging Acute Renal Failure with Polyamine Dendrimer-Based MRI Contrast Agents

Acute renal failure (ARF) induced by sepsis has a high mortality but lacks effective treatments. To develop novel therapies we must diagnose renal injury early and accurately in septic patients and identify any additional insults such as nephrotoxic drugs and ischemia. In this short review we describe our experience using MRI with dendrimer-based contrast agents in mouse models of ARF. This technique can diagnose early renal injury before serum creatinine is elevated, distinguish different ARF etiologies, track drug therapy and predict outcome. As an ARF biomarker, MRI with dendrimer-based contrast is a promising technique deserving further development.
Hybrid Error Correction schemes under strict delay constraints: Framework, optimization and analysis

With the increase of the demands of mobile multimedia services, the real-time multimedia services such as IPTV often require the support of Mobile Multimedia Multicast (MMM) communications in the IP-based wireless networks. Since the MMM services often require a strict delay-bounded transport that guarantees quasi error free (QEF) transmission, we will investigate how to satisfy the QEF requirements under strict delay constraints efficiently using Erasure Error Recovery (EER) techniques. In this paper, therefore, we address this issue by studying a general architecture of EER under strict delay constraints. The general architecture integrates all of the following existing EER techniques: Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ), Forward Error Correction and Hybrid ARQ techniques. Then, a mathematical framework is contributed to analyze its performance and optimize its parameters under strict delay constraints. Finally, we will analyze the influences of some typical system parameters to the framework.
Regulation of type 1 angiotensin II receptor in adrenal gland: role of alpha1-adrenoreceptor.

We have previously shown that sodium restriction upregulates the genes encoding angiotensin II receptor (AT1) subtypes, AT1A and AT1B, in the adrenal gland and that this upregulation is mediated by activation of the AT1 receptor. There are multiple interactions between the renin-angiotensin and the adrenergic nervous systems; thus, we conducted the present experiment to investigate whether low sodium-induced upregulation of adrenal AT1A and AT1B is modulated by the alpha1-adrenoreceptor. Seven-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into four groups and given normal sodium diet (0.5%, NS), NS+prazosin (3.5 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) by osmotic pump), low sodium diet (0.07%, LS), or LS+prazosin. Body weight and mean arterial pressure were not modified over the 2 weeks of treatment (P>.05). Pressor responses to bolus injection of the alpha1-agonist phenylephrine were inhibited in both prazosin groups, compared with NS and LS rats (P<.05). Adrenal AT1A mRNA, determined by Northern blot analysis, was increased in LS (P<.05) but not in NS+prazosin (P>.05), compared with NS. Prazosin enhanced the LS-induced increase of AT1A mRNA (P<.05). Adrenal AT1B mRNA was increased in both LS and NS+prasozin rats, compared with NS rats (P<.05). Prazosin also enhanced the LS-induced increase in AT1B mRNA (P<.05). Therefore, blockade of alpha1-adrenoreceptor results in an enhancement of LS-induced upregulation of adrenal mRNA for AT1A and AT1B. These data suggest that the sympathetic nervous system exerts an inhibitory action, via activation of the alpha1-adrenoreceptor, on AT1A and AT1B gene expression in the adrenal gland during sodium depletion.
Exogenous methyl jasmonate diminishes the formation of lipid-derived compounds in boiled potato (Solanum tuberosum L.).

BACKGROUND During potato storage the tubers tend to develop off-flavours, mainly due to lipid-derived aldehydes, whose formation is increased after boiling or processing. This may become a problem when boiled or precooked potatoes are used. Methyl jasmonate (MJ) is a phytohormone capable of modifying plant and food composition. The aim of this work was to control the formation of off-flavours in different cultivars of raw potato during storage by MJ treatment. RESULTS The use of Carbowax 20M as support in MJ emulsion resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) lower levels of lipid-derived compounds than the use of lanolin. Levels of the lipid-derived aldehydes propanal, hep-2-enal, nonanal, oct-2-enal and hexanal, although dependent on variety, generally decreased significantly (P < 0.05) after treatment with MJ/Carbowax 20M emulsion. Sugar-derived compounds such as pyridine and furfural, however, were not affected by this treatment. CONCLUSION Treatment with MJ/Carbowax 20M can be used to diminish the formation of off-flavours in boiled potato. However, this treatment is not useful to avoid the sweetening caused by sugar-derived products. Additional advantages of exogenous MJ are a delay in the appearance of sprouting and aging and hence prolongation of the storage life of potato tubers.
ALK inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer: the latest evidence and developments

The treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harbouring chromosomal rearrangements of ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) was revolutionized by crizotinib, a small molecule inhibitor of ALK, ROS1 and MET. Unfortunately, the disease progressed within the first 12 months in most of the patients because of the development of crizotinib resistance in the majority of patients and the emergence of acquired resistance mutations in most of them. Many of them had been reported even before its approval leading to the rapid development of second-generation ALK inhibitors for crizotinib-resistant NSCLC. In the last few years, novel potent ALK inhibitors with promising results and a good toxicity profile have become available: ceritinib (LDK378), alectinib (RG7853/AF-802/RO5424802/CH5424802), brigatinib (AP26113), entrectinib (RXDX-101, NMS-E628), PF-06463922, ASP3026, TSR-011, X-376/X-396 and CEP-28122/CEP-37440. Moreover, HSP90 (90 kDa heat shock protein) inhibitors have demonstrated clinical activity in patients with ALK+ NSCLC. This review focuses on the molecular and clinical properties of this new generation of ALK inhibitors under development in the clinic.
The validity of medical history, classic symptoms, and chest radiographs in predicting pulmonary tuberculosis: derivation of a pulmonary tuberculosis prediction model.

STUDY OBJECTIVE To improve the respiratory isolation policy for patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). DESIGN Prospective, descriptive, French multicenter study. SETTING Emergence of nosocomial outbreaks of TB. PATIENTS All consecutive patients admitted with suspicion of pulmonary TB. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Medical history, social factors, symptoms, and chest radiograph (CXR) pattern (symptoms and CXR both scored as typical of pulmonary TB, compatible, negative, or atypical) were obtained on admission. Serial morning sputa were collected. Of the 211 patients, 47 (22.3%) had culture-proven pulmonary TB, including 31 (14.7%) with a positive smear. Mean age was 46.2 years; 52 patients were HIV positive (24.6%). The sensitivity of the respiratory isolation policy was 71.4%, specificity was 51.7%, negative predictive value (NPV) was 88.2%, and positive predictive value (PPV) was 26.3%. On univariate analysis, predictive factors of culture-proven pulmonary TB were CXR (p < 0.00001), symptoms (p = 0.0004), age (mean, 40.8 years for TB patients vs 47.5 years for non-TB patients; p = 0.04), absence of HIV infection (89.4% vs 71.3%; p = 0.01), immigrant status (72% vs 55%; p = 0.03), and bacillus Calmette-Guérin status (p = 0.025). On multivariate analysis, CXR pattern (p < 0.00001), HIV infection (p = 0.002), and symptoms (p = 0.009) remained independently predictive. Based on these data, a model was proposed using a receiver operating characteristics curve. In the derivation cohort, the sensitivity and NPV of the model in detecting smear-positive pulmonary TB would have been 100%. The specificity and PPV would have been 48.4% and 25%, respectively. The model performed less well when evaluated on two retrospective groups, but its sensitivity remained above that of the current respiratory isolation policy (91.1% and 82.4% for the retrospective groups vs 71.1% for the current policy). CONCLUSIONS Improved interpretation of clinical and radiologic data available on patient admission could improve adequacy of respiratory isolation. A prediction model is proposed.
Force and Motion Characteristics of Contamination Particles near the High Voltage End of UHVDC Insulator

It is important to reveal the relations of physical factors to deposition of contaminants on insulator. In this paper, the simulation model of high voltage end of insulator was established to study the force and motion characteristics of particles affected by electric force and airflow drag force near the ultra-high voltage direct current (UHVDC) insulator. By finite element method, the electric field was set specially to be similar to the one near practical insulator, the steady fluid field was simulated. The electric force and air drag force were loaded on the uniformly charged particles. The characteristics of the two forces on particles, the relationship between quantity of electric charge on particles and probability of particles contacting the insulator were analyzed. It was found that, near the sheds, airflow drag force on particles is significantly greater than electric force with less electric charge. As the charge multiplies, electric force increases linearly, airflow drag force grows more slowly. There is a trend that the magnitude of electric force and drag force is going to similar. Meanwhile, the probability of particles contacting the insulator is increased too. However, at a certain level of charge which has different value with different airflow velocity, the contact probability has extremum here. After exceeding the value, as the charge increasing, the contact probability decreases gradually.
Molecular characterization of microbial community in nitrate-removing activated sludge.

Abstract The microbial community composition and dominant denitrifying populations in high-nitrate-removing (CR-I) and low-nitrate-removing (CR-II) activated sludge from continuous bioreactors were investigated with most probable number (MPN) enumeration, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and 16S rDNA characterization. MPNs of nitrate-reducing bacteria of sludge CR-I and sludge CR-II were 2.82x10(7) and 2.69x10(4) colony-forming units ml(-1), respectively. Eight denitrifying bacteria and two nitrate-reducing bacteria were isolated from sludge CR-I, and four denitrifying bacteria and three nitrate-reducing bacteria from sludge CR-II. Small subunit rDNA characterization of the isolates showed that the majority belonged to the genus Pseudomonas. By using FISH up to 76% (CR-I) and 52% (CR-II) of total 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole cell counts hybridized to the bacterial probe EUB338. Members of beta-Proteobacteria were the most abundant proteobacterial group in both sludges, accounting for up to 41.6% and 37.1% of those detected by EUB338, respectively, whereas a higher number of Cytophaga-Flexibacter cluster members were observed in CR-I sludge compared to CR-II sludge. In contrast with culture-based results, the numbers of rRNA group I Pseudomonads accounted for less than 0.01% of those detected by EUB338 in both sludges. Ribosomal DNA clone library analysis showed that the beta-Proteobacteria were also dominant in both sludges. In CR-I sludge, they were related to Zooglorea ramigera, Alcaligenes defragrans, denitrifying Fe-oxidizing bacteria and Dechlorimonas sp. , whereas in CR-II sludge, they were related to Nitrosomonas sp. and Dechlorimonas agitatus. When this reactor was operated under anaerobic and anoxic conditions, nitrifying bacteria could adapt to the anoxic environment. We inferred that anaerobic ammonium oxidation and nitrite oxidation may occur in low-nitrate-removing sludge CR-II and inhibit denitrification.
[Perspectives in psychiatry].

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