Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Interventions for educating children who are at risk of asthma-related emergency department attendance.

BACKGROUND Asthma is the most common chronic childhood illness and is a leading cause for paediatric admission to hospital. Asthma management for children results in substantial costs. There is evidence to suggest that hospital admissions could be reduced with effective education for parents and children about asthma and its management. OBJECTIVES To conduct a systematic review of the literature and update the previous review as to whether asthma education leads to improved health outcomes in children who have attended the emergency room for asthma. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched the Cochrane Airways Group Trials Register, including the MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL databases, and reference lists of trials and review articles (last search May 2008). SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials of asthma education for children who had attended the emergency department for asthma, with or without hospitalisation, within the previous 12 months. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. We contacted study authors for additional information. We pooled dichotomous data with a fixed-effect risk ratio. We used a random-effects risk ratio for sensitivity analysis of heterogenous data. MAIN RESULTS A total of 38 studies involving 7843 children were included. Following educational intervention delivered to children, their parents or both, there was a significantly reduced risk of subsequent emergency department visits (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.81, N = 3008) and hospital admissions (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.92, N = 4019) compared with control. There were also fewer unscheduled doctor visits (RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.81, N = 1009). Very few data were available for other outcomes (FEV1, PEF, rescue medication use, quality of life or symptoms) and there was no statistically significant difference between education and control. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Asthma education aimed at children and their carers who present to the emergency department for acute exacerbations can result in lower risk of future emergency department presentation and hospital admission. There remains uncertainty as to the long-term effect of education on other markers of asthma morbidity such as quality of life, symptoms and lung function. It remains unclear as to what type, duration and intensity of educational packages are the most effective in reducing acute care utilisation.
Rag Virulence Among Soybean Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Wisconsin

ABSTRACT Soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, a pest of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. , and native of Asia, invaded North America sometime before 2000 and rapidly became the most significant insect pest of soybean in the upper Midwest. Plant resistance, a key component of integrated pest management, has received significant attention in the past decade, and several resistance (Rag) genes have been identified. However, the efficacy of Rag (Resistance to Aphis glycines) genes in suppressing aphid abundance has been challenged by the occurrence of soybean aphids capable of overcoming Rag gene-mediated resistance. Although the occurrence of these Rag virulent biotypes poses a serious threat to effective and sustainable management of soybean aphid, little is known about the current abundance of biotypes in North America. The objective of this research was to determine the distribution of Rag virulent soybean aphids in Wisconsin. Soybean aphids were collected from Wisconsin during the summers of 2012 and 2013, and assayed for Rag1, Rag2, and Rag1 + 2 virulence using no-choice tests in a greenhouse. One clone from Monroe County in 2012 reacted like biotype 4, three clones in different counties in 2013 responded like biotype 2, and eight others expressed varying degrees of Rag virulence. Rag virulence in 2013 was observed in aphids from 33% of the sampled sites and was accounted for by just 4.5% of sampled clones, although this is likely a conservative estimate. No-choice test results are discussed in light of current questions on the biology, ecology, and population genetics of soybean aphid.
Analysis of cartilage wear particles in equine joints and their relationship to several joint diseases

Lameness is a major source of pain and distress to the horse and a financial loss to the owner. Joint injury and joint disorders represent a major part of the equine practitioners workload and, in the majority of cases, cartilage failure has been identified as an important contributing factor (Todhunter and Lust 1990, Trotter and McIlwraith 1996). Most joint lesions are caused by chronic fatigue of the joint structure in which the rate of micro damage exceeds the rate of repair, especially where the amount of cartilage is extraordinarily low (Pool 1996). Lesions to the articular surfaces often occur secondary to a variety of joint diseases and present difficult diagnostic problems both in veterinary and human medicine.
Vaccines for preventing infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis.

BACKGROUND Chronic pulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis results in progressive lung damage. Once colonisation of the lungs with Pseudomonas aeruginosa occurs, it is almost impossible to eradicate. Vaccines, aimed at reducing infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, have been developed. This is an update of a previously published review. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of vaccination against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group Trials Register using the terms vaccines AND pseudomonas (last search 30 March 2015). We previously searched PubMed using the terms vaccin* AND cystic fibrosis (last search 30 May 2013). SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised trials (published or unpublished) comparing Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccines (oral, parenteral or intranasal) with control vaccines or no intervention in cystic fibrosis. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS The authors independently selected trials, assessed them and extracted data. MAIN RESULTS Six trials were identified. Two trials were excluded since they were not randomised and one old, small trial because it was not possible to assess whether is was randomised. The three included trials comprised 483, 476 and 37 patients, respectively. No data have been published from one of the large trials, but the company stated in a press release that the trial failed to confirm the results from an earlier study and that further clinical development was suspended. In the other large trial, relative risk for chronic infection was 0.91 (95% confidence interval 0.55 to 1.49), and in the small trial, the risk was also close to one. In the large trial, one patient was reported to have died in the observation period. In that trial, 227 adverse events (4 severe) were registered in the vaccine group and 91 (1 severe) in the control group. In this large trial of a vaccine developed against flagella antigens, antibody titres against the epitopes contained in the vaccine were higher in the vaccine group compared to the placebo group (P < 0.0001). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Vaccines against Pseudomonas aeruginosa cannot be recommended.
Balancing elderly care and employment in Germany

In this report, we investigate the situation of workers who also care for an elderly parent in Germany. The study is based on qualitative, in depth interviews with care givers who are at least part time employed. The interviews aimed at detecting constrains and resources available to workers with caring responsibilities in the second half of their working life to deal with their multiple responsibilities and demands on their time and attention. This report is one of a series of national reports on the same issue, which are all part of the project "Workers under pressure and social care" (WOUPS) supported by the French ministry of labour (MIRE) and by the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), coordinated by the department of Ecole nationale de la sante publique at the University in Rennes. Towards this project, we also provided a report on the institutional framework of the German long-term care system, which we only synthetically summarize in the first part of this. The outline of the report is as follows: The first section points to the relevance of balancing employment and informal elderly care in Germany and highlights the peculiarities of elderly care compared to child care. The second section, after a synthetic description of the key elements of the German long term care system, presents an overview, based on existing survey data, of the incidence and characteristics of workers having caring responsibilities towards an adult family member in Germany. The third section describes our sample of carers and evaluates its representativity and possible biases. In the fourth section, we discuss different patterns of work/care arrangements. In the fifth chapter, we analyse the tensions arising in these arrangements with regard both to caring and to gainful employment, paying attention to constrains, but also to the - human and emotional - resources carers are able to mobilize in the various situations. In the following two sections, the conciliation, or balancing, perspective is broadened to include family and friendship relationships as well as time for one's own. In the concluding section, we highlight the most crucial aspects which put care givers in employment under pressure and we describe measures that might ease their situation.
Caracterización nutricional del síndrome anorexia-caquexia en el paciente oncológico pediátrico

Introduction: the anorexia-cachexia syndrome may be present in the 80 % of patients diagnosed with advanced cancer and it is a very important mortality risk factor. Objective: to characterize according to some indicators of the nutritional status, the anorexia-cachexia syndrome in a group of children involved by this syndrome with oncologic disease. Methods: a prospective and analytical study was conducted including 42 children diagnosed with anorexia-cachexia syndrome by the Nutritional Support Group together with the Oncology-Hematology of the "Juan Manuel Márquez" Reaching Children Hospital from 2000 to 2009. All the patients in the first consultation underwent after made the diagnosis, a anthropometric profile and a minimal metabolic study (conducted 24 hours after it). At the same time the mother was trained in the fill in of survey by reminder of three days to collect information on the quality and quantity of feeding at week after the first consultation. The form designed by the Nutritional Support Group was applied to know some of the features related to habits and food behavior. Results: in children presenting with lymphoproliferative diseases and in those with solid tumors, there is a considerable nutritional deterioration at moment of diagnosis. There were significant differences in relation to indicators of weight loss percentage and velocity of gain weight, and only the albumin -among study metabolic indicatorshad a significant difference. Children presenting with solid tumors ingest less calories than those involved by lymphoproliferative diseases and no significant difference in relation to proteins ingested. Conclusions: there are differences in nutritional characteristics of anorexia-cachexia syndrome according to the type of oncologic disease present in child.
Online Videos: A New Tool for Medical Education

Currently, most Canadian medical schools educate students on core biomedical knowledge through lecture based courses. However, recent studies, in addition to student feedback, indicate that passive lecture based courses fail to educate students in an efficient manner. In response, Dr. Sebastian Thrun and Sal Khan separately developed online educational models to streamline education. Both of these models were successful because they engaged students with interactive online videos that focused on fundamental concepts. This birth of effective online educational videos represents a new educational tool medical schools can use to further enhance the calibre of education.
Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Potato Leafhopper (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and Maple Spider Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) on Nursery-Grown Maples

ABSTRACT Although leaf nitrogen (N) has been shown to increase the suitability of hosts to herbivorous arthropods, the responses of these pests to N fertilization on susceptible and resistant host plants are not well characterized. This study determined how different rates of N fertilization affected injury caused by the potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae Harris) and the abundance of maple spider mite (Oligonychus aceris (Shimer)) on ‘Red Sunset’ red maple (Acer rubrum) and ‘Autumn Blaze’ Freeman maple (Acer × freemanii) during two years in Indiana. N fertilization increased leaf N concentration in both maple cultivars, albeit to a lesser extent during the second year of the study. Overall, Red Sunset maples were more susceptible to E. fabae injury than Autumn Blaze, whereas Autumn Blaze maples supported higher populations of O. aceris. Differences in populations of O. aceris were attributed to differences between communities of stigmaeid and phytoseiid mites on each cultivar. Injury caused by E. fabae increased with N fertilization in a dose-dependent manner in both cultivars. Although N fertilization increased the abundance of O. aceris on both maple cultivars, there was no difference between the 20 and 40 g rates. We suggest the capacity of N fertilization to increase O. aceris on maples could be limited at higher trophic levels by the community of predatory mites.
Growth, health status and digestion of rabbits weaned at 23 or 32 days of age.

Our study compared the growth performances health and digestion of young rabbits either weaned early at 23 (group W23, n=28 litters) or at 32 d (W32, n=25 litters). Litters, equalised at birth at 10 pups, were bred with their mother until weaning, in specific cages allowing to distribute separately a feed specific for young from day 16 of age, while females were fed a commercial feed. Young of both groups were fed the same diet (pellets 3.5 mm) rich in fibres (ADF=18.5%) and lipids (crude fat=5.4%) and low in starch (6.1%). At 32d of age, 5 rabbits from each litter were moved to collective fattening cages and fed a fattening diet (ADF=19.5%, DE=11.15MJ/kg, starch=13.7%) till 73d of age. From the same litters, two groups of 13 rabbits were housed from 32 till 42d old in individual metabolism cages for digestibility measurements of the fattening diet. Feed intake results, obtained from collective cages, were corrected for mortality. Two days after an early weaning (23d old) young rabbits consume about 60% more dry feed than those of W32 group; but their weight gain remained lower (17.2 vs 46.6 g/rab; P<0.01). For 23-32d period, the weight gain was 9.4% lower for W23 (299 vs 330 g/rab., P=0.024), while the feed intake was 65% higher. Rabbits of W23 group still had a 6.6% lower weight on day 52, but then they had a compensatory growth since their final weight did not differ from W32 group (meanly 2433 g at 73 days of age). Before 28d of age, no mortality was registered whatever the group, and only 5 rabbits on 280 (from 3 litters) of W23 group died from acute diarrhoea at 30 and 31d of age. Between 32 and 45d of age, the mortality and morbidity rates were twice higher in W23 than in W32 group (resp. 17.0 vs 9.2%, P=0.017; 27.4 vs 13.3%, P<0.01), while between 45 and 73d of age, the mortality rate was slightly higher in W32 group (21.1 vs 17.9%, P>0.20). For the whole fattening period, morbidity and mortality rates were similar among the two groups, although the health risk index tended to be higher for early weaned rabbits (60.7 vs 50.8%, P=0.11).
Usefulness of contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography using Sonazoid for the assessment of therapeutic response to percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma

Accurate assessment of the coagulated area is imperative to achieve an excellent outcome from percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (PRFA) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We evaluated the efficacy of contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) with the contrast‐enhancing agent Sonazoid for precisely assessing the therapeutic effect of PRFA for HCC.
Value of Egy‐Score in diagnosis of significant, advanced hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis compared to aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐platelet ratio index, FIB‐4 and Forns' index in chronic hepatitis C virus

Serum markers and developed scores are of rising importance in non‐invasive diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis. Aspartate aminotransferase‐to‐platelet ratio index (APRI), FIB‐4 and Forns' index are validated scores used for diagnosis of liver fibrosis. The Egy‐Score is a newly developed score for detection of hepatic fibrosis with promising results. We aimed to assess the accuracy of the Egy‐Score in the diagnosis of significant fibrosis, advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis compared to APRI, FIB‐4 and Forns' in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients.
Comparative Effectiveness of Insecticides for Use Against the House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae): Determination of Resistance Levels on a Malaysian Poultry Farm

Abstract In this study, the toxicology of two commercial larvicides—cyromazine (Neporex 50SP) and ChCy (combination of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin, Naga 505)—and five commercial adulticides—thiamethoxam (Agita 10WG), cyfluthrin (Responsar WP), lambda-cyhalothrin (Icon 2.8EC), fipronil (Regent 50SC), and imidacloprid (Toxilat 10WP)—was examined against the WHO/VCRU (World Health Organization/ Vector Control Research Unit) susceptible strain and the AYTW (Ayer Tawar) field strain of house fly, Musca domestica L. These pesticides were administered topically, in the diet, or as a dry residue treatment on plywood. Probit analysis using at least five concentrations and the concentration that was lethal to 50% (LC50) of the organisms was applied to compare the toxicology and resistance levels of the AYTW population to different insecticides. In the larvicide laboratory study, ChCy was more effective than cyromazine, with a significantly lower LC50 value when administered topically or in the diet, although the AYTW population was susceptible to both larvicides with a resistance ratio (RR) <10. For the adulticide laboratory study, cyfluthrin and fipronil exhibited the lowest LC50 values of the adulticides, indicating that they are both effective at controlling adult flies, although lambda-cyhalothrin showed moderate resistance (RR = 11.60 by topical application; 12.41 by plywood treatment). Further investigation of ChCy, cyromazine, cyfluthrin, and fipronil under field conditions confirmed that ChCy and cyromazine strikingly reduced larval density, and surprisingly, ChCy also exhibited adulticidal activity, which significantly reduced adult fly numbers compared with the control group. Cyfluthrin and fipronil were also confirmed to be effective, with a significant reduction in adult fly numbers compared with the control group.
Primary hyperoxaluria complicated with liver cirrhosis: A case report

Primary hyperoxaluria (PH) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by overproduction of oxalate caused by a deficiency in a hepatic enzyme. The excess oxalate combines with calcium in the kidneys to form deposits of calcium oxalate, which can lead to nephrocalcinosis and renal failure. PH type 1 (PH1), the most common form of this disease, is caused by a deficiency of the liver‐specific enzyme alanine/glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT). Liver transplantation is performed as a definitive therapy for PH to correct the enzyme defect. Usually, liver depositions are limited and liver function is normal without fibrosis. Here, we report an adult case of liver cirrhosis caused by PH1. A 28‐year‐old woman was admitted to our hospital under suspicion of PH1 and the presence of nephrocalcinosis. The patient had suffered from kidney stone recurrences from 17 years of age, and was initiated on hemodialysis due to renal failure at the age of 27 years. The serum level of oxalic acid was high, whereas the AGT level in the liver tissue was decreased. Thus, the patient was definitively diagnosed with PH1. Although she had normal liver function, surface nodularity and splenomegaly were detected by computed tomography, suggesting liver cirrhosis. The native liver showed micronodular cirrhosis and portal fibrosis. Several arterioles were filled with rhomboid and polyhedral refractile oxalate crystals and various portal tracts showed these crystals. Our case suggests that long‐term oxalosis can lead to liver cirrhosis; thus, PH should be considered one of the causes of liver cirrhosis.
Inhibidores de cinasas de tirosina (ICT): la nueva revolución en el tratamiento de la leucemia mieloide crónica (LMC)

La LMC es una neoplasia mieloproliferativa clonal, asociada a la translocacion reciproca t(9,22)(q34:q11), conocida como cromosoma Filadelfia (Ph). De esta translocacion se genera un gen quimerico (bcr-abl) que es traducido en la proteina BCR-ABL, cuya actividad de cinasa de tirosina se presenta de manera constitutiva, causando diversas alteraciones funcionales en la celula. El conocimiento estructural y funcional de la proteina BCR-ABL ha permitido el desarrollo de moleculas capaces de inhibir, de manera selectiva, su actividad de cinasa. Cinco de dichas moleculas ya han sido empleadas en la clinica para el tratamiento de pacientes con LMC Ph+. Los resultados obtenidos han sido muy buenos, pues han conseguido tasas de remision nunca antes vistas con ningun otro farmaco y han brindado a los pacientes una buena calidad de vida. Sin embargo, existen problemas, aun no resueltos, relacionados con la accion de dichos inhibidores. Se ha visto que, por un lado, una proporcion significativa de pacientes desarrolla resistencia a estos farmacos y, por otro, estas moleculas pueden inhibir la proliferacion de las celulas leucemicas, pero no son capaces de eliminar las celulas troncales leucemicas. Lo anterior plantea retos importantes para el futuro inmediato