Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Group Therapy for Children With ADHD and Severe Mood Dysregulation

Objective: No psychosocial treatments have been developed for children with ADHD and severe mood dysregulation (SMD) despite the significant prevalence and morbidity of this combination. Therefore, the authors developed a novel treatment program for children with ADHD and SMD. Method: The novel therapy program integrates components of cognitive-behavioral therapies for affect regulation with a parent-training intervention for managing recurrent defiant behaviors. It consists of nine 105-min child and parent groups run in unison. A pilot trial was conducted with seven participants with ADHD and SMD ages 7 to 12 who were on a stable stimulant regimen. Results: Six of the seven (86%) families completed the program. Participants showed large improvements in depressive symptoms, mood lability, and global functioning. Milder improvements in externalizing behaviors were observed. Conclusion: Results suggest the feasibility and potential efficacy of the therapy program for children with ADHD and SMD and warrant a larger controlled trial.
Recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck region

We characterized the breakpoints, gains, and losses of chromosome material in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck region from 29 patients. Cell lines were karyotyped in 1/3 of cases, direct preparations or early in vitro harvests in 1/3, and both in 1/3 of cases. GTG‐banding was employed in all cases, as were C‐banding and RBG‐ and AgNOR‐staining in most. Some tumors were near‐diploid and others near‐tetraploid, but many had mixed populations, with diploid, tetraploid, and octoploid subclones representing essentially the same karyotypic pattern. The most frequent changes were deletions. Losses affecting 3p13‐p24, 5q12‐q23, 8p22‐p23, 9p21 ‐p24, and 18q22‐q23 ranged in frequency from 40% to 60% of tumors. Loss of the short arm of the inactive X occurred in 70% of tumors from female patients, and loss or rearrangement of the Y occurred in 74% of tumors from male patients. Loss of 18q appeared to be associated with short survival, as did the presence of multiple deletions. There was gain (2‐5 extra copies) of 3q21 ‐qter, 5p, 7p, 8q, and 11q 13‐q23 in 28‐38% of tumors. Three tumors had an hsr involving 11q13‐q21. Gain of material at 11q13 is postulated to be associated with amplification of the PRADI/CCND gene at that locus. A translocation between proximal 1 p and either an acrocentric short arm or proximal 8p or 9p was observed in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck region but not in female genital tract tumors. No other abnormalities appeared to be site specific, suggesting a pattern of genetic evolution in squamous cell carcinoma that is independent of anatomic site. Genes Chrom Cancer 9:192‐206 (1994). © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Q fever in China: a systematic review, 1989–2013

SUMMARY Q fever, first described in 1937, is a worldwide zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii that has long been considered an under-reported and under-diagnosed illness. In China, the disease was initially reported in 1950 and in the last 25 years (1989–2013) there have been 29 reports on Q fever in China, nearly half of which were in the last 5 years. These publications have largely been in Chinese and in this review we summarize their findings to enable a better understanding of Q fever in China. The overall prevalence of C. burnetii infections in the reports is 10% (1139/11 209) in people, 15% (288/1918) in cattle and 12% (176/1440) in goats. These infections occurred widely in China with positive people and/or animals reported in 64 cities/municipalities from 19 provinces, particularly those in the eastern, western and northern areas. Cattle and goats had the highest seroprevalences of all the domestic animals studied and a wide variety of ticks were found to be infected. Mice were also commonly infected and had high copy numbers of C. burnetii DNA, suggesting they might be important in the epidemiology of Q fever in China.
Separation effect and perception of pain and discomfort from two types of orthodontic separators.

AIM To examine two types of orthodontic separators, focusing on the separating effect and patients' perception of pain and discomfort. METHODS The separators tested were spring-type and elastomeric separators. Thirty teenagers participated, and all were scheduled for treatment with a fixed orthodontic appliance. Two spring-type and two elastomeric separators were placed alternately in the left or the right quadrant. After a separation period of 5 days, the amount of separation was measured with a leaf gauge. Nine questionnaires with visual analogue scales and questions with fixed answers were used to register the patient perceptions. RESULTS The mean separation was 0.3 mm for the spring-type and 0.4 mm for the elastomeric separators (P < .05). The springs were considered less painful than the elastomerics, but the difference was not statistically significant. For both separators, the pain was worst at day 2 and subsided almost completely by day 5. Due to pain, 14 of the 30 patients changed their food habits, and 13 took analgesics. CONCLUSIONS The separation effect of the two separators was considered clinically equivalent and since pain of moderate intensity occurs during the separation period, analgesics and soft food can be recommended.
Immunoglobulin G is the main protective antibody in mouse vaginal secretions after vaginal immunization with attenuated herpes simplex virus type 2

We investigated the protective role of antibodies in vaginal secretions of mice that were immune to vaginal challenge with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). Unfractionated vaginal immunoglobulins from immune and nonimmune mice and affinity-purified immunoglobulin G (IgG) and secretory IgA (S-IgA) from immune secretions were adjusted to their concentrations in vivo. Wild-type HSV-2 was incubated in the immunoglobulin preparations for 15 min in vitro, followed by inoculation into vaginae of nonimmune mice. HSV-2 was neutralized by unfractionated antibody and purified IgG from immune secretions but not by unfractionated nonimmune antibody or by purified immune S-IgA. The protective effect of IgG in vivo was investigated by passively transferring purified serum IgG from immune and nonimmune donors to nonimmune recipients before vaginal challenge infection. Immune IgG significantly reduced the percentage of vaginal epithelium infected, concentrations of shed virus protein in the vaginal lumen, and illness scores, even though the viral antibody titers in serum and vaginal secretions of recipient mice at the time of challenge were only 29 and 8%, respectively, of those in actively immunized mice. Additionally, removal of vaginal secretions from immune mice 10 min before vaginal challenge with HSV-2 significantly increased the concentration of shed virus protein in the vaginal lumen after challenge. Collectively, the data indicate that IgG antibody in vaginal secretions of immune mice provides early protection against vaginal challenge infection, probably by neutralizing virus in the vaginal lumen. In contrast, S-IgA antibody contributed relatively little to immune protection of the vagina.
Immunomodulation by viruses: the myxoma virus story

Summary: Myxoma virus is a poxvirus pathogen of rabbits that has evolved to replicate successfully in the presence of an active immune response by an infected host. To accomplish this, the virus has developed a variety of strategies to avoid detection by or obstruct specific aspects of the antiviral response whose consolidated action is antagonistic to virus survival. We describe two distinct viral strategies carried out by viral proteins with which myxoma virus subverts the host immune response. The first strategy is the production of virus‐encoded proteins known as viroceptors or virokines that mimic host receptors or cytokines. These seek to actively block extracellular immune signals required for effective virus clearance and produce a local environment in the infected tissue that is “virus friendly”. The second strategy, carried out by intracellular viral proteins, seeks to retard the innate antiviral responses such as apoptosis, and hinder attempts by the infected cell to communicate with the cellular arm of the immune system. By studying these viral strategies of immune evasion, the myxoma system can provide insights into virus‐host interactions and also provide new insights into the complex immune system.
Hypnagogic and Hypnopompic Hallucinations during Sleep Paralysis: Neurological and Cultural Construction of the Night-Mare

Hypnagogic and hypnopompic experiences (HHEs) accompanying sleep paralysis (SP) are often cited as sources of accounts of supernatural nocturnal assaults and paranormal experiences. Descriptions of such experiences are remarkably consistent across time and cultures and consistent also with known mechanisms of REM states. A three-factor structural model of HHEs based on their relations both to cultural narratives and REM neurophysiology is developed and tested with several large samples. One factor, labeled Intruder, consisting of sensed presence, fear, and auditory and visual hallucinations, is conjectured to originate in a hypervigilant state initiated in the midbrain. Another factor, Incubus, comprising pressure on the chest, breathing difficulties, and pain, is attributed to effects of hyperpolarization of motoneurons on perceptions of respiration. These two factors have in common an implied alien "other" consistent with occult narratives identified in numerous contemporary and historical cultures. A third factor, labeled Unusual Bodily Experiences, consisting of floating/flying sensations, out-of-body experiences, and feelings of bliss, is related to physically impossible experiences generated by conflicts of endogenous and exogenous activation related to body position, orientation, and movement. Implications of this last factor for understanding of orientational primacy in self-consciousness are considered. Central features of the model developed here are consistent with recent work on hallucinations associated with hypnosis and schizophrenia.
Effects of Nandrolone Decanoate on Spermatogenesis in Wistar Rats With and Without Physical Training

Los esteroides anabolicos androgenicos (EAA) son analogos de testosterona artificiales, utilizados como medicina en las enfermedades cronicas, ya que aumentan la sintesis de proteinas generando hipertrofia muscular. Su efecto ha llamado la atencion de atletas y usuarios de gimnasios, por lo que su consumo se ha convertido en epidemia, debido a la comercializacion facil, los resultados inmediatos y la falsa impresion de que no conllevan riesgos para la salud. Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar la influencia de utilizar decanoato de nandrolona con o sin entrenamiento fisico sobre la espermatogenesis. Se utilizaron 24 ratas, divididas en cuatro grupos: entrenado (GE), entrenado en esteroides (GEE), sedentario en esteroides (GSE) y sedentario (GS). Los grupos GEE y GSE recibieron inyecciones intramusculares de 5 mg/kg de la EAA. Los animales fueron entrenados con ejercicio voluntario en la rueda de correr dos veces por semana durante 12 semanas. Luego, los animales fueron sacrificados por decapitacion. Se encontro que hubo una mayor celularidad en GEE, lo que sugiere la interferencia entre la terapia con androgenos y entrenamiento fisico en la cantidad de celulas en el epitelio seminifero. Comparando el grupo GEE con el GS, se observa que el entrenamiento fisico asociado con el uso de esteroides tiende a afectar a la division celular sin comprometerla, sin embargo, el numero de espermatogonias, no vario significativamente en comparacion con el grupo control. Finalmente, no hubo diferencia significativa entre los grupos en terminos de rendimiento de la espermatogenesis, por lo que no se puede decir que el uso del decanoato de nandrolona, con o sin el entrenamiento fisico, interfiere con la fertilidad.
Life-cycle greenhouse gas assessment of Community Supported Agriculture in California's Central Valley

Abstract Many consumers are trying to reduce their food's environmental impact by purchasing more locally sourced food. One choice for local food is Community Supported Agriculture (CSA), in which farmers provide a share of produce on a regular basis to pre-paying farm members. The number of CSAs in the USA has grown from two in the mid-1980s to perhaps as many as 12,617 according to the latest US census of agriculture (2014). We use a case study approach to investigate the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with five CSA operations in the Sacramento Valley of California. By understanding the GHG emissions of CSAs and the practices that might be improved, we hope to support innovative strategies to reduce GHG emissions in these agricultural production systems. Input, production and distribution data were collected from each farm and reported in CO2e emissions for 1 kg CSA produce at the pickup location. Results show large variation in total emissions, ranging from 1.72 to 6.69 kg CO2e kg−1 of produce with an average of 3.94 kg CO2e kg−1 produce. The largest source of emissions was electricity, contributing over 70% of total CO2e emissions on average. Based on our findings, despite the seemingly similarities between these operations in terms of production site, acreage, customers and production practices, there is still a large amount of variability with regard to total GHG. Thus we argue coming up with a standardized production function for diversified production and deriving GHGs or calculating average total emissions overlooks the heterogeneity of the system. Food systems can never be reduced to a simple binary of local is better and conventional is worse, or its inverse local is worse and conventional is better, because of the complexities of the production and distribution systems and their relationship to GHG emissions. Yet, we can say that localized production systems that are low in electricity use (or use renewable energy sources) and use efficiently-produced compost use have lower GHG emissions than those that do not.
Methods and tools for the development of information security policy — A comparative literature review

Information security policy is primarily determined by the environment in which various information are being used and communicated. Such growing complexity of the security environment looks for the appropriate methods and tools for the support of the processes of planning, implementation, and enforcement of information security policy. Comparative review of the available literature is used to analyze the state of the development in this field. Based on that, some observations and a priori hypothesis are given. These hypotheses are then thoroughly checked throughout the more detail analyses of the selected scientific papers. The goal is to determine actual state and trends in the field of methods and tools for the support of processes of planning, implementation, and enforcement of information security policy.
The effect of adherence to therapy on sustained response in daily or three times a week interferon alpha‐2b plus ribavirin treatment of naïve and nonresponder chronic hepatitis C patients

Summary. The aim was to demonstrate adherence to treatment has been suggested to enhance rates of sustained response in patients with hepatitis C. In this study, we evaluated the effect of drug dosage reduction or the duration of the expected therapy in patients treated with interferon (IFN)‐alpha2b plus ribavirin. Virologic response rates were re‐analysed according to compliance to therapy in (i) 301 naïve and (ii) 142 nonresponders to previous IFN therapy treated with either IFN 5 MU TIW for 8 weeks followed by IFN 3 MU TIW for 40 weeks plus ribavirin or IFN 3 MU QD for 16 weeks followed by IFN 3 MU TIW for 24 weeks plus ribavirin. Patients were separated into those who adhered to ≥80% of their intended treatment schedule (dose of both drugs and duration) and those who did not. Compliance to treatment resulted in significantly higher response rates in both groups of patients: 43.93% compared with 6.90% of noncompliant naïve patients and 30.77% compared with 10.53% of nonresponder patients. Compliance to treatment was found to have a similar effect when the results were analysed according to HCV genotype. Our findings suggest that compliance to treatment for ≥80% of the intended treatment schedule results in significantly higher sustained response rates in both naïve and nonresponder patients. Consequently, every effort should be made to improve patient adherence to therapy.
Experimental evidence for in vitro fluid transport in the presence of a traditional medicinal fruit extract across rat everted intestinal sacs

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of aqueous fruit extract of Momordica charantia (MC), a traditional medicinal plant, on the transport of fluid in vitro. Everted intestinal sacs from rats were mounted in an organ bath containing Krebs solution. We compared the effect of MC extract on water transport with increasing inorganic phosphate concentration with or without d‐glucose in the buffer. In the control experiments, fluid uptake was enhanced significantly (P < 0.05) at high inorganic phosphate concentration (8–10 mm) in the presence of 5.5 mmd‐glucose. Addition of 3.0 mg/mL MC extract to the serosal side inhibits the uptake of fluid significantly (P < 0.05). At high inorganic phosphate concentration (8–10 mm), fluid uptake was not inhibited (P > 0.05) when incubated with 3.0 mg/mL MC fruit extract. It is hypothesized that an increase in inorganic phosphate enhances oxidative phosphorylation thereby increasing the fluid uptake across everted intestinal sacs of rat. These findings seem to indicate that the MC‐induced reduction on intestinal fluid absorption capacity could be mainly the result of an interference with the carrier‐mediated coupled entrance of glucose and Na+ across the brush‐border membrane.
A sink-specific H+/monosaccharide co-transporter from Nicotiana tabacum: cloning and heterologous expression in baker's yeast.

A cDNA clone for a monosaccharide transporter (MST1) was isolated from tobacco, which is most strongly expressed in the various sink tissues of mature tobacco plants: roots, flowers, and young leaves. An open reading frame of 1569 bp codes for a protein with 523 amino acids and a calculated molecular weight of 57,717 Da. The protein is homologous to a group of other plant monosaccharide transport proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana and Chlorella kessleri, to human glucose transporters and to Saccharomyces cerevisiae and several bacterial sugar transport proteins. As with these other transporters, the MST1 protein is extremely lipophilic and has 12-putative membrane-spanning domains. Heterologous expression of the MST1 cDNA clone in Saccharomyces cerevisiae allowed its characterization as a putative H+/monosaccharide co-transporter, catalyzing the uptake of hexoses (e.g. D-glucose and D-galactose) or pentoses (e.g. D-xylose) and the energy dependent and uncoupler sensitive accumulation of non-metabolizable substrates (e.g. D-xylose or 3-O-methyl-glucose). Polyclonal antibodies were raised against a fusion protein of beta-galactosidase and the last 27 amino acids of the C-terminus of the MST1 protein. In SDS extracts of transformed yeast cells these antibodies recognize a polypeptide with an apparent molecular weight of 42 kDa, which is absent in extracts from untransformed control cells.
Cardiovascular disease and distribution of cognitive function in elderly people: the Rotterdam study

abstract Objective: To investigate the distribution of cognitive function in elderly people and to assess the impact of clinical manifestations of atherosclerotic disease on this distribution. Design: Single centre population based cross sectional door to door study. Setting: Ommoord, a suburb of Torrerdam, the Netherlands. Subjects: 4971 subjects aged 55 to 94 years. Main outcome measure: Cognitive function as measured by the mini mental state examination. Results: The overall participation rate in the study was 80%. Cognitive test data were available for 90% of the participants. Increasing age and lower educational level were associated with poorer cognitive function. Previous vascular events, presence of plaques in the carotid arteries, and presence of peripheral arterial atherosclerotic disease were associated with worse cognitive performance independent of the effects of age and education. On average the differences were moderate; however, they reflected the net result of a shift of the total population distribution of cognitive function towards lower values. Thereby, they resulted in a considerable increase in the proportion of subjects with scores indicative of dementia. Conclusions: These findings are compatible with the view that atherosclerotic disease accounts for considerable cognitive impairment in the general population.
Microarray Analysis of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Transcriptional Response to the Acidic Conditions Found in Phagosomes

ABSTRACT We used microarrays and real-time reverse transcription-PCR to analyze the global transcriptional response of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to low pH in vitro, which may mimic an environmental signal encountered by phagocytosed mycobacteria. Eighty-one genes were differentially expressed >1.5-fold, including many involved in fatty acid metabolism. The most highly induced genes showed homology with nonribosomal peptide synthetases/polyketide synthases.
Innovation networks to stimulate public and private sector collaboration for advisory services innovation and coordination: the case of pasture performance issues in the New Zealand dairy industry

ABSTRACT Purpose: An innovation network, called the Pasture Improvement Leadership Group (PILG), was formed to improve the quality and consistency of advice provided to dairy farmers in New Zealand, after they expressed dissatisfaction with their pastures. The aim of this paper is to better understand the challenges of forming and maintaining networks to coordinate advisory services, with a focus on the dynamics between public and private sector actors. Methodology: The concept of innovation networks is used to describe the PILG, as well as to diagnose the effectiveness of the PILG, and to identify and discuss critical success factors for the development of an innovation network involving public and private sector actors. Findings: Six critical success factors were identified, such as: a sense of urgency and willingness to work together; sharing a common vision; a broad representation of the involved or affected stakeholders; and having a neutral innovation broker. Challenges remain around the level of interaction and the different incentives of public and private sector actors. Theoretical implication: This work suggests that not only the formation of an innovation network requires careful consideration regarding the purpose, governance, and the type of actors involved, but that the maintenance of an innovation network is equally important. Practical implication: The results have been influential within DairyNZ, providing evidence that innovation networks are effective and consequently are being applied more widely in the New Zealand dairy industry. Originality/Value: This is the first New Zealand study into the development of innovation networks aimed at collaboration between public and private sector actors in a highly privatised extension system and contributes to the emerging body of work on coordination in pluralistic extension systems.