Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Interaction of Renewable Hybrid Power Plant with Grid

Distributed generation can appear in different f orms ranging from conventional technologies (internal combustion engine, photo-voltaic cell etc.) to advanced ones (micro turbine, fuel cell etc.). Among them, wind generation is widely utilized with a hybrid energy storage technology. In hybrid systems fuel cell generator may be used as a supplement because wind generator output fluctuates with weather conditions. Fuel cells are very attractive to be used with intermittent sources of energy, because of high efficiency, fast load response, modularity and fuel flexibility. Simulation studies have proved the feasibility of coordinating fuel cell with wind generator to supply constant or dynamic load for either grid- connected or stand alone applications. In this paper, a dynamic model of grid integrated wind generator-fuel cell hybrid system connected to the test system of distribution network is developed. Dynamic behavior of voltage, power, torque, frequency etc. have been studied at the time of starting of wind generator and faults in the network. The developed model, being simple, could provide a useful tool for the planning of distributed generation.
Nitrate pollution of surface water induced by agricultural non-point pollution in the Pocochay watershed , Chile

Diffuse nitrogen pollution caused by irrigated agriculture is quantified for the Pocochay stream located in the Aconcagua watershed in the Valparaíso region, Chile. The study area has an extent of 93 km with 36 km under irrigation. It is representative for the central part of Chile where intensive irrigation is prevailing and predominantly taking place in the alluvial plains of river systems with water sources from the Andes Mountains. Water quality and discharge were monitored biweekly at several points of the Pocochay main stream from December 2003 to June 2006. The study was supported by an agricultural survey and remote imagery interpretation in order to retrieve data on cropping pattern and actual fertilizer uses in the sub-watersheds. Nitrate – N concentration in the Pocochay stream ranged from 1.3 to 10.1 mg L with a mean of 4.8 mg L. Other nitrogen species showed very low concentrations. At average, around 52 kg N ha a are drained from the study area as compared to 167 kg N ha a applied as fertilizer to the fields. Even though nitrate concentrations in the Pocochay do not reach alarming levels yet, the impact of irrigated agriculture on surface water quality is obvious and makes a case for introducing best management practices to avoid aggravation of contamination.
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL FACULDADE DE LETRAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM LETRAS RITA DE CASSIA GLAESER STEIN CROSS-LINGUISTIC INTERACTION IN L3 PRODUCTION: PORTUGUESE AS A THIRD LANGUAGE IN A BILINGUAL CONTEXT. PORTO ALEGRE

Extensive research on Bilingualism and Multilingualism has found evidence that different languages compete for activation in the bilinguals and multilinguals‟ mind (Dijkstra, Van Heuven, 2002; Dijkstra, 2003, Green, 1998.) The present study investigates crosslinguistic interaction in the oral productions of Portuguese by English-Spanish and Spanish-English bilinguals. For the study, twelve participants – all learners of Portuguese as a third language – were divided in two groups according to their first language (either English or Spanish). For the data collection, participants narrated the picture story “Frog, where are you? ” by Mercer Mayer (1969). Participants also filled out the Language Experience And Proficiency Questionnaire (LEAP-Q) (Marian, Blumenfeld, and Kaushanskaya, 2007.) The instances of language interaction were coded as „syntactic‟, „morphological‟, and „vocabulary‟. Statistics tests were run in order to determine which of the linguistic levels were highly present in the tokens and from which source language: English or Spanish. According to Hammarberg (2001), factors such as typology, second language (L2) status, proficiency, and language mode can predict the interactions among different languages in multilinguals. Based on the factors for interaction, two research questions were asked: 1) Which factors exert more influence in third language oral production: the typological distance or the L2 status? ; 2) Which linguistic features in the target language (Portuguese) will be more influenced by the two previously acquired languages (English and Spanish): vocabulary, morphology or syntax? Based on these questions, two mutually exclusive hypotheses were formulated: 1) There will be more language interaction from Spanish than English due to the closest typological distance of Spanish in relation to Portuguese, if compared to English (Carvalho and Silva, 2006; Rothman, 2010;) 2) When English is the speakers‟ second language, it will generate more language interaction to Portuguese as L3 due to the foreign language status shared by the L2 and the L3 (Hammarberg, 2001.) The results show that the typology factor seems to play a more important role in the types of interaction found in the sample researched. When Spanish as L2 was a more recurrent source of language interaction, it coincided with its closest typological distance in relation to Portuguese. Vocabulary interaction occurred more frequently than syntactic or morphological interaction. English as L2 did not show significance in the interaction of items with Portuguese. Key-words: Multilingualism. Crosslinguistic Interaction. Transfer. Portuguese as L3.
Homogeneity of Dynamically Defined Wild Knots

In this paper we prove that a wild knot K which is the limit set of a Kleinian group acting conformally on the unit 3-sphere, with its standard metric, is homogeneous: given two points p, q ∑ K there exists a homeomorphism f of the sphere such that f(K) = K and f(p) = q. We also show that if the wild knot is a fibered knot then we can choose an f which preserves the fibers.
Developing brain and systemic inflammation: a "Toll-like" link with consequences

The developing brain is vulnerable to external insults, and perinatal brain injury (PBI) is a major cause of life-long neurological syndromes such as cerebral palsy. Currently, no pharmaceutical intervention is available. Hypoxia/ischemia (HI), infections and inflammation are implicated in the pathogenesis of PBI. However, the crosstalk between these etiologies is not fully understood. Toll-like receptors (TLR) 3 and TLR2 are responsible for sensing viral and bacterial infections and initiating the inflammatory response. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the effect of systemic inflammation induced by activation of these TLRs on neonatal HI brain injury. We demonstrate that intraperitoneal administration of TLR3 and TLR2 ligands (PolyI:C and P3C, respectively) prior to HI increases the brain injury in neonatal mice. PolyI:C and P3C induced neuroinflammation and altered microglial phenotype as assessed by RT-qPCR, multiplex cytokine assay or flow cytometry. PolyI:C also upregulated the pro-apoptotic gene, Fasl, expression and reduced activation of pro-survival signaling molecule Akt. On the other hand, P3C suppressed mitochondrial respiration, a major mechanism of cellular energy production. P3C, unlike other TLR agonists, induced marked infiltration of leukocytes to the cerebral spinal fluid and brain of neonatal mice and rats. Confocal microscopy, Cre recombinase-mediated gene targeting and in vitro cell transmigration assay revealed the choroid plexus as a site of leukocyte entry. RNA sequencing of the choroid plexus followed by transcriptome cluster analysis and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed potential mechanisms of leukocyte infiltration, including a specific chemotaxis signature and cytoskeleton-related pathways. Finally, we show that N-acetylcysteine treatment inhibits TLR2-mediated leukocyte trafficking in vivo and in vitro. To conclude, this thesis describe a TLR-mediated link between systemic inflammation and developing brain with detrimental consequences on HI brain injury, suggesting potential novel therapeutic strategies.
Ground and excited states of naphthalene–water (naphtha–W6) clusters: a computational study

An MP2 and DFT study of the structures of naphthalene–water hexamer clusters has been performed for both the prism and cage forms of the cluster. These have been corrected for zero-point energy and counterpoise effects and show a larger binding energy for the prism structures. These have been analysed in terms of the number and type of hydrogen-bonding interactions present. We have also performed time-dependent DFT computations of the electronic excited states with a variety of functionals. Our results show good agreement between TD-CAM-B3LYP and TD-M06-2X, and predict that the presence of the water cluster red-shifts and lowers the intensity of the primary π → π* transition. This effect is more pronounced in the prism than the cage cluster. We also calculate weaker higher energy features involving charge transfer from the naphthalene to the water cluster.
Extraction and quantification of luteolin and apigenin from artichoke ( Cynara cardunculus var . scolymus ( L . ) cv . Madrigal ) industrial by-products ”

Stems, outer bracts, and leaves represent a huge concern for industries as by-products from the processing of artichokes, accumulating in tonnes per week and thus exerting considerable impact on the environment. The present study investigated the use of these industrial by-products from Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus (L.) cv. Madrigal as a source of flavones that might be used as neutraceuticals. These flavones were extracted according four different protocols that included (A) dried and ground material extracted with ethanol, (B) Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) of dried and ground material extracted with ethanol, (C) dried material homogenized with ethanol, and (D) fresh material homogenized with ethanol. An HPLC isocratic separation with UV-detection was used to quantify the amounts of flavones obtained with each extraction protocol. It was found that the cultivar Madrigal yielded more apigenin than luteolin. For the former, the best extraction protocols were A (37 mg/kg dry weight) and B (61 mg/kg dry weight); for the latter, the best extraction protocol, that using UAE, yielded just 9 μg/kg dry weight.
Ausbildung und Implementierung der Reanimation Kapitel 10 der Leitlinien zur Reanimation 2015 des European Resuscitation Council

Die Überlebenskette [1] wurde zur Formel des Überlebens [2] ausgebaut, denn das erklärte Ziel, mehr Leben zu retten, hängt nicht allein von solider, qualitativ hochwertiger Forschung ab, sondern auch von einer effektiven Ausbildung der Laien und professionellen Helfer [3]. Letztendlich müssen dort, wo Patienten mit Kreislaufstillständen behandeln werden, ressourceneffiziente Systeme implementiert werden, um das Überleben nach einem Kreislaufstillstand zu verbessern. Dieses Kapitel beinhaltet die 17 ausbildungsrelevanten PICO-Fragen (Population, Intervention, Control (Kontrollintervention), Outcome (Ergebnis)), welche von der „Education, Implementation and Teams (EIT) Task Force“ des International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) von 2011 bis 2015 evaluiert wurden. Dieser Beurteilungsund Evaluationprozess der gefundenen Evidenz folgte dem „Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE)-Prozess“, der im ILCOR-Konsensus-Papier 2015 zur Wissenschaftlichkeit und den Trainingsempfehlungen („Consensus on Science and Training Recommendations 2015“ – CoSTR) publiziert wurde [4]. In dieser Publikation werden die neuen Empfehlungen zur Ausbildung und deren Implementierung zusammengefasst. R. Greif1 · A.S. Lockey2 · P. Conaghan3 · A. Lippert4 · W. De Vries5 · K.G. Monsieurs6,7 1 Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University
Summerfallow trends and climate in the Canadian Prairies

Global warming associated with anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions is of great concern due to its potential threat to ecological systems, including threats to agricultural production systems. In turn, land surface changes associated with agricultural practices may have an influence on local, regional and even global climate. Such effects may have attenuated climatic trends associated with global warming, and have caused cooling, thus masking part of the climate change signals, especially at local and regional scales.
GDF 8 Gene Promoter in Iranian Sheep

Growth and differentiation factors (GDF8) specifically regulate tissue and cell growth as well as differentiation. One of the GDF proteins, GDF8, also called myostatin (MSTN) has been considered as a novel and unique regulator of muscle growth (McPherron et al. 1998; Arthur et al. 1998; Cieslak et al. 2003). The MSTN gene is highly conserved across species and is expressed both in developing and mature skeletal muscle (Fahrankrug, 1999). Apart from in skeletal muscle GDF8 expression was found in postnatal adipose tissue of cattle and mice (McPherron et al. 1998) and in pigs’ mammary glands (Ferrel et al. 1999). As the myostatin protein has been found in blood plasma, it is very possible that myostatin receptors are localized in various tissues (Casas et al. 2000). In the extracellular environment, myostatin protein forms dimers that cleave into biologically active forms (Grobet et al. 1998). The muscular structure of myostatin protein is conserved across vertebrates so that their C-terminal sequences are 100% identical in mice, rats, humans, pigs and chickens (McPherron and Lee, 1998). In muscle development myostatin prevents excessive proliferation of myoblasts (Belling et al. 2005). Therefore mutations disrupting the function of this protein result in the formation of supernumerary muscle fibers, a phenomenon called muscle hyperplasia (McPherron et al. 1997; Grobet et al. 1998). It is common in Belgian Blue, Piemontese and Charolais cattle breeds, where a 20-25% increase in muscle mass is observed. Interestingly, this phenomenon is accompanied by a reduction of intramuscular fat, connective tissue and some internal organs. Induced mutation of murine GDF8 gene, leading to disruption of this protein structure and subsequent loss of biological activity, resulted in a 200-300% Myostatin is a growth factor belonging to the TGFß superfamily. TGFß growth factors are active in the regulation of embryonic development and in tissue homeostasis in adults. Myostatin is a growth factor controlling proliferation of myoblasts in embryonic development. Mutations in coding sequences of the bovine myostatin (GDF8) gene lead to muscle hyperplasia suggesting its inhibitory function on myoblast proliferation. In bovines, loss of this gene activity has been associated with expression of the double-muscled phenotype observed in some European cattle breeds. Myostatin gene polymorphism has also been studied in sheep. Due to the role of the myostatin gene in muscle development, the objective of this study was to sequence the myostatin gene promoter and its probable mutations, which have the potential to alter myostatin gene expression. DNA from blood samples of fifteen Arabic and fifteen Kordi sheep were extracted and used to amplify a 1034bp fragment in the myostatin gene. Three mutations were observed in the myostatin gene promoter at positions 430, 450 and 530.
Links between microscopic and macroscopic fluid mechanics

The microscopic and macroscopic versions of fluid mechanics differ qualitatively. Microscopic particles obey time-reversible ordinary differential equations. The resulting particle trajectories {q(t)} may be time-averaged or ensemble-averaged so as to generate field quantities corresponding to macroscopic variables. On the other hand, the macroscopic continuum fields described by fluid mechanics follow irreversible partial differential equations. Smooth particle methods bridge the gap separating these two views of fluids by solving the macroscopic field equations with particle dynamics that resemble molecular dynamics. Recently, nonlinear dynamics have provided some useful tools for understanding the relationship between the microscopic and macroscopic points of view. Chaos and fractals play key roles in this new understanding. Non-equilibrium phase-space averages look very different from their equilibrium counterparts. Away from equilibrium the smooth phase-space distributions are replaced by fractional-dimensional singular distributions that exhibit time irreversibility.
Pro-poor tourism: putting poverty at the heart of the tourism agenda.

This paper examines how tourism affects the livelihoods of the poor and how positive impacts can be enhanced. In doing so, it assesses the relevance of tourism to the poverty agenda, and the factors that encourage or constrain economic participation of the poor in the industry. In conclusion it outlines strategies for promoting pro-poor tourism.
ePubWU Institutional Repository

BACKGROUND Consanguinity or marriage between close blood relatives, in particular first cousins is widely practised and even socially encouraged in many countries. However, in the face of fertility transition where the number of cousins eligible to marry declines, how might such constraints on consanguinity develop in the future? OBJECTIVE Numerous studies have stated that the practice cannot continue at present levels and in its present form in the face of fertility transition. However, the future impact of fertility transition on availability of cousins to marry has not yet been quantified. METHODS We perform a simulation exercise using past and projected net reproduction rates (NRRs) derived from the UN. We calculate the average number of cousins of the opposite sex as a function of the average number of children, the average probability of an individual having at least one eligible paternal cousin of the opposite sex, and conclude with an examination of constraints on consanguineous marriage in selected countries under different fertility assumptions. RESULTS Current and projected fertility levels in Middle Eastern countries will create challenging constraints on the custom once today's birth cohorts reach marriageable age. CONCLUSIONS Either consanguinity prevalence will diminish significantly, or the institution will be forced to adapt by becoming more coercive in the face of reduced choice or at the expense of other social preferences (such as for an older groom wedding a younger bride). Fertility decline affects prospects for social change not only through its well1 Wittgenstein Centre for Demography and Global Human Capital (IIASA, VID/ÖAW, WU). E-Mail: bilal.barakat@oeaw.ac. at. 2 University of Oxford, United Kingdom. E-Mail: stuart.basten@spi.ox. ac.uk. Barakat & Basten: Modelling the constraints on consanguineous marriage when fertility declines 278 http://www.demographic-research.org known consequences for mothers but also through shaping marriage conditions for the next generation.
IS BELGIAN FEDERALISM DIGGING ITS OWN GRAVE ?

Belgium is generally considered to be a deeply divided society, a polity characterized by deep mutually reinforcing cleavages. Economic, cultural, social and political struggles are often reduced to a political competition between the linguistic groups, and this situation is generally considered to be detrimental to democratic stability. Democratic regimes faced with deep societal divisions therefore need rules that are more demanding than simple majorities; they require institutions that force the conflicting groups to get together, and find solutions that every segment can endorse. As a response to the inherent risk of disintegration that characterizes such societies, the Belgium was transformed from a centrifugal into a consociational system. Such a type of democracy stresses the importance of including all societal subgroups in political institutions, and the obligation to govern in mutual consultation (power sharing). “Divided societies,” Lijphart (1981, pp. 3-4) argues, “[need] a democratic regime which emphasizes consensus instead of opposition and which includes rather than excludes all the disparate components”. This means that the Belgian state structure has adopted so-called power-sharing institutions to such an extent even that Lijphart at one time stated that Belgium “is the most perfect, most convincing and most impressive example of a consociation” (Lijphart 1981, p.8). These institutional innovations imposed the obligation to govern in a grand coalition, i.e. a coalition that has to include both majority and minority members. Moreover, the 1970’s state reform constitutionally anchored mutual veto rights and proportional representation of all segments as guiding principles for interbloc negotiations. This new institutional design made it virtually impossible for the Flemish demographic and political majority to impose its will on the French-speaking segment, and its importance in persuading the elites of the subgroups to sit together and resolve the matters at hand can hardly
The economic benefits of investing in child health

This paper presents a survey of the theory and the evidence on the economic impact of investing in child health. It shows that investing in the health of children is justified not only because it fulfills a basic human right, but also because it is an investment with high social and private returns. A central theme of this paper is that the relationship that links child health with economically relevant dimensions is circular-poverty contributes to disease, and poor health contributes to perpetuating poverty. The available evidence shows that almost 11 million children die every year from largely preventable diseases, and it unveils what the principal determinants of child illness are. The vast majority of children who die belong to the more disadvantaged socioeconomic groups within each country. Furthermore, the literature identifies several interventions and programs that could significantly contribute to improved child health, particularly in the areas of nutrition, communicable disease prevention and control, and education. We intuitively understand that there is a huge potential for largely positive social and economic returns on child health investments. Yet quantitative estimation of these benefits is still at an early stage. First, the association between health interventions and their social and economic consequences is multidimensional and complex. Second, the return on investment is measurable only over the long term. Third, the return is not automatic, and its magnitude is highly context-specific. For these reasons, few studies, mostly in the area of nutrition or of immunization services, have attempted to develop a full cost-benefit analysis, or to provide a quantitative measure of the benefits attainable by investing in child health. Instead, most empirical studies have focused on one of the several potential intermediate benefits of investing in child health, such as improved cognitive ability, increased school participation and attainment, and the induced demographic changes, which can be measured with greater precision.