Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of nutrient status, pH, temperature and water potential on germination and growth of Rhizopus stolonifer and Gilbertella persicaria.

Understanding the impact of environmental factors favouring natural niches of plant pathogens is a key component toward designing efficient management strategies. Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.:Fr.) Vuill. and Gilbertella persicaria (E.D. Eddy) Hesseltine are two economically important pathogens that are commonly associated in simultaneous infections of many stone and pome fruits. The ability of R. stolonifer and G. pesicaria to assimilate diverse carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) sources and the effect of pH and the interaction temperature/ water potential (? ) on their conidial germination and growth were investigated. The fungi were grown on a liquid medium containing D-glucose, sucrose, fructose, maltose, or raffinose as C sources and urea, NH4NO3, NaNO2, glycine, or glutamine as N sources. The biomass production of R. stolonifer was the greatest when sucrose and fructose were used as C sources, respectively, whereas biomass production of G. persicaria was greater on fructose and glucose than on other sources. Glutamine and sodium nitrite (NaNO2) used as N sources yielded the highest biomass for R. stolonifer and G. persicaria, respectively. Sporangiospore germination and mycelial growth of R. stolonifer and G. persicaria were optimal between pH 3 and 10 and were totally inhibited at pH =2.5. The two fungi were affected by the interaction of temperature and ? Both R. stolonifer and G. persicaria were sensitive to low temperatures (<10°C) and were completely inhibited at ? levels of -17 and -18.3, respectively. The nutrients utilization, pH, and ? x temperature profiles for sporangiospore germination and mycelial growth were to some extent similar between the two species corroborating that R. stolonifer and G. persicaria occupy similar ecological niches. Identifying ecophysiological determinants of these commercially important pathogens will contribute to our understanding of their physiology and epidemiology and will aid in developing appropriate models for disease prediction.
miR146a facilitates DENV2 replication by targeting TRAF6 and inhibiting interferon production (168.19)

microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of multiple cellular processes and have recently been indicated to modulate the innate immune response. However, the role of miRNAs in dengue virus (DENV) infection remains unknown. Our study test the expression of several innate immune-related miRNAs, including miR-9, 21, 132, 146a and 155, in the monocytic cells after infection with DENV serotype 2 (DENV2). Among these miRNAs, miR-146a expression was significantly increased by DENV2 infection, and its induction was impaired by inhibition of IKK, NF-κB, p38 or JNK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), or by silencing of interferon-γ promoter stimulator 1 (IPS-1). In addition, our data revealed that miR-146a facilitated DENV2 replication, accompanied by a significantly downregulation of TNFR-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), interferons (IFNs), as well as IFN-stimulated genes. Finally, knockdown of TRAF6 enhanced the DENV2 replication and reduced the IFN production, while overexpression of TRAF6 successfully reversed the proviral effect mediated by miR-146a, suggesting that miR-146a exerts its functions through targeting TRAF6, thereby destroying the IFN and the antiviral state. These findings suggest that miR-146a might be a promising therapeutic target for dengue disease.
Sekuen Gen Surface Antigen-1 dan Bradizoit Antigen-1 Takizoit Toxoplasma gondii sebagai Kandidat Pemindai DNA (SAG1 AND BAG1 GENE SEQUENCES ANALYSIS OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII TACHYZOITE AS PROBE CANDIDATE)

Sag1 and bag1 is a gene specific-stage for Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoite and bradyzoite. The purposeof this study was analyze the sequences of sag1 and bag1 tachyzoite genes of local of Toxoplasma gondiiisolate as deoxyribonucleic acid probe candidate. Tachyzoite of local of Toxoplasma gondii isolate used onthis study. Gene sag1 and bag1 gene of Toxoplasma gondii were amplified by PCR, and then sequenced. Theresults showed sag1 fragment gene contained 612 bp and bag 1 contained 470 bp in length. BLAST analysisof sag1 and bag1 gene fragments as probe candidate showed that high specific for Toxoplasma gondii andno significant cross-reaction fragment with host and other parasites. The sequences 136 bp and 98 bpfragments as DNA probe candidate of Toxoplasma gondii sag1 and bag1 respectively.
The Topical Effect of Coenzyme Q10 on Wound Healing in Mice

Aims: the current paper examines the topical effect of Coenzyme Q10 ointment in mice. Materials and Methods: Fifteen well male albino mice with equivalent age were designated for this research. The animals were divided into 3 clusters of five animals for each group. Group one worked as a control and was applied Vaseline ointment topically on skin wound. Groups; two and three were applied topically Coenzyme Q10 ointment 4%, 8% respectively on skin wound. These applications were repeated every day. The wound size and wound contraction ratios were measured in 1 st , 4 th , 7 th days of the experimental procedure. Result: There were significant differences between groups in wound size and wound contraction ratios. The groups were treated with Coenzyme Q10 in different concentrations. They are better in rating the wound healing. Conclusion: The topical application of CoQ10 in different concentrations encourages the wound curing in the soft tissue of mice.
Lipids and Fatty Acids

Lipids are a diverse group o f organic compounds that are important components of plant, animal, and microbial membranes. They are insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar, organic solvents such as ether and alcohol. Dietary lipid has two main functions: as source of metabolic energy and as source of essential fatty acids that have specific functions in the body such as for cellular structure and maintenance of the integrity of biomembranes. Lipids are important components of fish diets because they supply a concentrated source of energy that is well utilized by fish. They also supply essential fatty acids which cannot be synthesized by fish. As a source of dietary energy, lipids have been shown to spare some protein for growth. Lipids are also important sources of sterols, phospholipids, and fat-soluble vitamins. Fatty acids from dietary lipids may also serve as precursors of steroid hormones and prostaglandins. The objective of this section is to acquaint the reader about common fatty acids, their nomenclature and formulas, and differentiate between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids; to know how environm ental factors (temperature, salinity, diet) influence the fatty acid composition of fish; the mechanisms of fatty acid biosynthesis and oxidation, and factors that favor fatty acid biosynthesis and oxidation; the effects of lipid peroxidation and the function of antioxidants; and to understand the importance of fatty acid profiles in fish nutrition, and differences in the essential fatty acid requirements of warmwater and coldwater fishes.
Adesão à Sustentabilidade e Desempenho Financeiro: Comparação entre Companhias Listadas e Não-listadas no ISE

A Sustentabilidade e um tema que vem sido amplamente discutido na atualidade. Diversos estudos foram realizados para verificar se a presenca destas acoes sustentaveis nas companhias causa alguma modificacao em seu desempenho economico-financeiro, no entanto, ainda nao existe uma conclusao precisa sobre o assunto. Diante do exposto, esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de analisar se o desempenho economico-financeiro, representado pelo Retorno sobre o Patrimonio Liquido (ROE) e pelo Retorno dos Ativos (ROA), das companhias de capital aberto foi influenciado pelo fato destas aderirem o Indice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (ISE) da B3. A amostra compreendeu 67 companhias, totalizando 407 observacoes e o periodo analisado esta compreendido entre 2006 e 2017. A pesquisa caracterizou-se, quanto aos objetivos, como descritiva e explicativa; quanto aos procedimentos, como bibliografica e documental e, quanto a abordagem do problema, como quantitativa. Para sua realizacao foi utilizado o modelo de dados em painel. De acordo com os resultados encontrados foi possivel afirmar que, com base na amostra analisada, as companhias que participaram do ISE possuem indicadores de rentabilidade maiores. Os resultados demostraram ainda que os niveis de adesao ao ISE “alta” e “parcial” nao implicaram indicadores de rentabilidade muito maiores em relacao um ao outro; contudo, sao sim um pouco maiores que o coeficiente obtido pelas empresas com baixo nivel de adesao.
Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction as key players in neurological disorders of childhood

Abstract An unavoidable consequence of aerobic respiration is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS is a collective term that includes both oxygen radicals and certain oxidizing agents that are easily converted into radicals. They can be produced from both endogenous and exogenous substances. ROS play a dual role in biological systems, since they can be either harmful or beneficial to living systems. They can be considered a double-edged sword: oxygen-dependent reactions and aerobic respiration have significant advantages but overproduction of ROS, a consequence of oxygen-dependent reactions, has the potential to cause damage. Overproduction of ROS may negatively impact neonatal growth and contribute to the aetiology of many developmental disorders. During mitochondrial respiration, an inability to neutralize reactive oxygen species and free radicals leads to oxidative stress. The inner membrane of the mitochondria contains a large number of free radical scavengers including glutathione, vitamin C, and vitamin E, as well as anti-oxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase. The brain is particularly vulnerable to free radical attack for several reasons, including exposed to high oxygen concentrations, relatively low antioxidant protection, membranes with high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and high iron and ascorbate content. The brain's high energy demand is primarily supplied by oxidative phosphorylation, the major producer of free radicals. When the level of free radicals overwhelms the cellular antioxidant defense system, a deleterious condition known as oxidative stress occurs. ROS has an intimate relationship with mitochondrial function and oxidative stress is believed to result from mitochondrial dysfunction. This review highlights the role of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction as key players in the neurodevelopmental pathophysiology. The mechanisms associating these two disease states can lead to neuronal death, neuroinflammation and impairment of energy metabolism. Biomarkers related to both aspects will be highlighted to demonstrate their importance in the early diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders like autism, cerebral palsy and others. Treatments trials for oxidative stress or mitochondrial dysfunction using nutritional supplements and antioxidants are reviewed in order to shed light on recent strategies for the early intervention for neurodevelopmental disorders.
Biogeography and pattern of gene flow among Barbus species (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) inhabiting the Italian Peninsula and neighbouring Adriatic drainages as revealed by allozyme and mitochondrial sequence data

Genetic relationships among 24 Italian and Adriatic populations of barbs (genus Barbus) were assessed using electrophoretic analysis of allozymes and mitochondrial DNA sequences of the cytochrome b gene. Results obtained with both markers were concordant, but they were not congruent with the current morphology-based systematics and taxonomy. Populations assigned to the same nominal taxa (B. caninus, B. petenyi and B. rebeli), were very divergent in both allozymes and mtDNA, indicating that these populations deserve recognition as different units for conservation and management. On the other hand, the two fluvio-lacustrine taxa considered as distinct species (i.e. B. plebejus and B. tyberinus) are genetically very close to each other, showing no clear differences at either allozymes or mtDNA. The population of B. caninus from Pellice River carried allozyme alleles and mtDNA specific for B. plebejus, indicating a genetic introgression towards the former species. © 2002 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2002, 75, 83–99.
Estrutura e composição florística de um cambarazal no pantanal de Poconé-MT

A study was made of a "cambarazal" located in the municipality of Pocone, State of Mato Grosso, km 94 of the Transpantaneira Road. An area of 1.500m2 was sampled and divided in three transects of 10 x 50m. All trees with circumference at soil level > 10cm were measured to obtain data on relative density, absolute and relative frequency, relative dominance and importance value. A total of 15 families, 19 genera and 23 species were found. Vochysia divergens was considered to be the most important species followed by Erythroxylum sp. and Aulomyrcia mutabilis. The floristic richness of the "cambarazal" was lower than Amazonian rain forest and Atiantic rain forest but similar to "caatinga" woodland. The supposition that V. divergens is a colonist species of marshes in the Pocone "pantanal" and the phases of the process of occupation and formation of a "cambarazal" were discussed.
Empleo de sistemas de inmersión temporal para la multiplicación in vitro de brotes de Anthurium andraeanum Lind. var. Lambada

Two methods to improve the efficiency in the multiplication of shoots of Anthurium andraeanum Lind. , they were used to optimize the frequencies of immersion of the explants using a System of Temporary Immersion. The relative efficiency of the method conventional means of culture semisolid for the multiplication of shoots was compared with the method of System of Temporary Immersion. The highest rate of multiplication of shoots was reached using six immersions four times a day during two minutes, controlling the immersion cycles achieves plants better developed and bigger multiplication coefficient. The plantlets multiplied through this method were harvested with 2 to 3 cm of longitude containing from two to five leaves after a period of culture of 50 days. The formation of callus, hiperhidricity and other abnormalities were not observed during the process. The plants obtained by this method were taken to rooting in medium of culture semisolid. This system avoids risks of contamination, it increases yields, it reduces manpower costs and of containers. This technique for its relationship benefit-cost has significant implications for the commercial propagation of the Anthurium. Key words: Culture medium, multiplication rate, plantlets.
GÖLPAZARI HAVZASI’NIN (BİLECİK) MIKE SHE PROGRAMI İLE BÜTÜNLEŞİK HİDROLOJİK MODELİ

Sakarya Havzasi’nin orta kisminda yer alan Golpazari Havzasi, Bilecik il sinirlari icerisinde 170 km2’lik bir alana yayilmaktadir. Havza’nin orta kisminda yaklasik 35 km2 ova alani bulunmaktadir. Basta Golpazari ilcesi olmak uzere, havza icerisindeki yerleskelerin icme – kullanim ve sulama suyu ihtiyaclari ovada farkli seviyelerde acilmis kuyulardan ve Akcay dere uzerinde yuzeysel akisi yutan Akcay Baraji’ndan karsilanmaktadir. Bolgesel jeoloji, hidroloji, yuzeysel akim olcumu ve hidrometeorolojik veriler degerlendirilmistir. DSI 3. Bolge Mudurlugu tarafindan saglanan mevcut veri setine ek olarak, yagis - akis iliskisini kontrol eden tutulma, evapotranspirasyon ve suzulme sureclerini denetleyen parametreler uzaktan algilama veri setleri kullanilarak olusturulmus ve test edilmistir. Yuzeysel ve kanal akimi, yuzey ve bitkiler tarafinda tutulma, buharlasma-terleme ve doygun olmayan zonda akim ve depolama surecleri kavramsallastirilarak, tum havza icin 2013 - 2017 yillarini kapsayan bir donem icin modellenmistir. Model, havzanin sadece kucuk bir kismini temsil eden tek akim gozlem istasyonun verileri ile kalibre edilmistir. Golpazari Havzasi’nin butunlesik hidrolojik modeli sonucunda doygun olmayan bolgede suzulme ve depolama, yagisin %18’i olarak hesaplanirken, yillik buharlasma terleme yagisin %78’ine karsilik gelmektedir. Uzaktan algilama veri seti yardimiyla olusturulan toprak karakteristigi kosullarinda, ova alanindaki beslenimin havza ust kotlarindan daha fazla oldugu belirlenmistir.
Alternative male spawning tactics and acoustic signals in the plainfin midshipman fish

The plainfin midshipman Porichthys notatus has two male reproductive morphs, ‘Type I’ and ‘Type II’, which are distinguishable by their physical traits alone. Type I males are eight times larger in body mass than Type II males and have a six-fold larger relative sonic (vocal) muscle mass than Type II males. In contrast, the testicles of Type II males are seven times larger than those of Type I males. This study demonstrates morph-specific patterns of reproduction, including acoustic signals, for Type I and II males. Field censuses of nests showed that only Type 1 males maintained nests. Type II males and females transiently appeared in these nests in association with each other. Infra-red video and hydrophone recordings in aquaria showed that Type I males maintained nests and readily vocalized. Long-duration ‘hums’ and sequences of short-duration ‘grunts’ were produced during advertisement and agonistic contexts, respectively. Humming Type I males attracted females to their nests, pair-spawned, and then guarded egg clutches alone. By contrast, Type II males neither acoustically courted females nor maintained available nest sites, but rather ‘sneak-’ or ‘satellite-spawned’ at the nests of Type I males. Type II males infrequently produced low amplitude, short duration grunts that were similar in spectral, temporal and amplitude characteristics to the grunts of females. Type II males appear to be obligate sexual parasites of the nest-building, mate-calling, and egg-guarding Type I males. The dimorphic body and vocal muscle traits of the two male morphs in the plainfin midshipman are thus paralleled by a divergence in their reproductive tactics and the properties of their acoustic signals.
11 Dinitrogen-Fixing Prokaryotes

Dinitrogen fixation is a key process in the N cycle and only carried out by few prokaryotes. Research on dinitrogen fixation includes basic and practical applications: from nif genes to crops, with molecular, genetic, ecological, taxonomic, and agricultural approaches used. Nitrogen fixing rhizobia, which have been used in agriculture for over a 100 years, are excellent research models still leading the knowledge of eukaryotebacteria symbioses. Other less known symbioses of dinitrogen fixing bacteria are reviewed as well as free-living diazotrophs.
Incidence of Mesophilic Clostrodium Spores in Raw Pork, Beef, and Chicken in Processing Plants in the United States and Canada

The anaerobic film pouch technique was used to quantitate and isolate clostridial spores in 2,358 samples of raw meat (1,078 of chicken, 624 of beef, 656 of pork). Of 19,727 putrefactive anaerobic (PA) sporeformers isolated, 1 was confirmed by mouse protection testing to be Clostridium botulinum type C. This isolate was obtained from a Western Canada chicken sample which contained 5.33 clostridia per gram. These data indicate a very low incidence of botulinal contamination in raw meats at the packing-plant level (0.042% of 2,358 samples) and an almost 20,000:1 ratio of nonbotulinal PA sporeformers to mesophilic C. botulinum spores. The mean level of PA contamination was 2.8 PA sporeformers per gram of meat; 77% of the samples contained three or less PA sporeformers per gram. Small but statistically significant differences in the incidence of clostridial spores were noted for season, geographical region, and type of meat.
Secondary production and biomass of Cladocera in marginal lakes after the recovery of their hydrologic connectivity in a river-reservoir transition zone

Secondary production and biomass of Cladoceran populations were studied in two marginal lakes whose connections to a tropical river were re-established after a prolonged drought period. This study investigates the process of the recovery of the cladoceran populations after the hydrologic reconnection with the river was established. It also compares the energetic dynamic of Cladoceran populations in two lakes, one with a wide and another with a narrow connection to the river. Samples were collected every 48 h for 1 month, immediately after the river water inflow to the lakes, and 7 months after the reconnection with the river during a period of hydrologic stability of the lakes. Secondary production and biomass were compared between lakes and periods, to identify the main controlling factors for the observed variations in Cladoceran productivity. Cladocerans were more productive during the rainy period, immediately after the increased water volume, when high water temperatures were recorded in the two lacustrine systems. Secondary production and biomass values were higher in the more eutrophic lake, wherein the water chemical and physical characteristics presented slow alterations during the rainy period. Although the lake with large spatial heterogeneity and linkages with the river exhibited high Cladoceran richness, the secondary production and biomass were low. Variations in water volumes and temperatures and changes in trophic status affected the secondary production and biomass of the main Cladoceran species in the two studied lakes.
Flavonoides y alcaloides de Lupinus ballianus C.C. Smith con actividad antibacteriana y antifúngica

The leaves of Lupinus C.P. Smith were colected from the highlands in Lima, it contains among other 5 flavonoids and 5 alkaloids. The flavonoid genistein was characterized by means of visible-UV spectroscopy, observing the bathochromic and hipsochomic movements of the spectra with sodium methoxide, aluminuin chloride, boric acid and sodium acetate reagents. The IR spectrum reveals the presence of the alkaloid lupenin or hydroxylupenin. Both the flavonoid and the alkaloid show a strong antibacterial activity and the alkaloid shows in addition of this property an antifungic activity.
Cardiac Vagal Chemosensory Afferents

Abstract: Stimulation of cardiac vagal afferent endings evokes reflex hypotension and bradycardia, also known as a Bezold‐Jarisch effect. The physiological importance of this reflex pathway remains uncertain today, but it is increasingly apparent that cardiac vagal afferents can play an important role in modulating cardiovascular control in pathophysiological states, particularly myocardial ischemia. The afferent endings that compose this vagal input are functionally diverse. Ventricular endings exist that are stimulated by wall motion. However, cardiac chemosensitive endings, stimulated by a variety of metabolically active substances known to be produced by the stressed myocardium (e.g., bradykinin, prostaglandins, reactive oxygen species), play a major role in mediating reflex adjustments during myocardial ischemia. Data are presented highlighting the importance of arachidonic acid metabolites and oxygen radicals in activating cardiac vagal endings during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, and their role in modulating cardiac afferent sensitivity in the disease states of heart failure and insulin‐dependent diabetes.