Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
NISTIR 8199 The Text Recognition Algorithm Independent Evaluation ( TRAIT )

The report describes and presents the results for Text Recognition Algorithm Independent Evaluation (TRAIT) in support of forensic investigations of digital media. These images are of interest to NIST’s partner law enforcement agencies that seek to employ text recognition in investigating serious crimes. This evaluation used images seized in child exploitation investigations. The primary application is the identifcation of previously known victims and suspects, as well as detection of new victims and suspects. The presence of text, for example, on a wall poster or on an item of clothing, may allow a location to be identifed and linked to prior cases. In total, 3 groups took part in this evaluation over three Phases. The evaluation results show that the initial performance of text recognition is low. However, from Phase 1 to Phase 3, the performance of text recognition algorithms has shown signifcant improvement. We hope this evaluation will stir more research in this feld.
Barriers of Developing Medical Tourism in a Destination: A Case of South Korea

Background: This study aimed to determine the efficient factors that potentially lead to the barriers of developing medical tourism in South Korea. Methods: To explore the current medical tourism trend, a qualitative procedure was adopted. Besides analyzing the current situation of medical tourism in Korea through a systematic searching on the available information and publications, in-depth-interviews were conducted to collect data from relevant authorities and representatives of medical tourism associations in this country. Results: The result revealed, although government have supported this industry, that lack of specialty and expertise among the health care practitioners in the scope of cross cultural communication, seems to be the core barrier to development of medical tourism in Korea. Demands for convenient promotional activities, policy making and action regulation are the other effective factors. Discussion: Several strategies are required in order to address and combat these barriers, such as governmental support for cultural training, cooperative efforts to encourage health practitioners involved to enhance their cultural and linguistic competence in international scale.
Evidence-based guidelines for the pharmacological management of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Update on recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common condition with a high societal burden. The present guidelines summarise current literature, generating expert consensus recommendations for the treatment of ADHD in children and adults. These guidelines also provide a review of recent research in the fields of neuroimaging, neuropsychology and genetics of ADHD. Novel discoveries in these areas have informed physiological models for the disease. Since the publication of the previous British Association for Psychopharmacology guidelines in 2008, new drugs have been licensed and further compounds are being investigated. The publication of randomised controlled trials of psychological interventions has contributed to the range of treatment options for ADHD. As the disorder has been diagnosed more frequently there has been greater focus on comorbid conditions and how they impact treatment. Services have continued to develop for the treatment of ADHD in adults and care agreements have been introduced to facilitate access to treatment.
Error Analysis and Effective Adjustment of the Walking-Ready Posture for a Biped Humanoid Robot

A walking control algorithm is generally a mixture of various controllers; it depends on the characteristics of the target system. Simply adopting one part of another researcher's algorithm does not guarantee an improvement in walking performance. However, this paper proposes an effective algorithm that can be easily adopted to other biped humanoid robots; the algorithm enhances the walking performance and stability of the robot merely by adjusting the walking-ready posture. The walking performance of biped humanoid robots is easily affected by an unsuitable walking-ready posture in terms of accuracy and repeatability. More specifically, low accuracy for the walking-ready posture may cause a large difference between an actual biped robot and its mathematical model, and the low repeatability may disturb the evaluation of the performances of balance controllers. Therefore, this paper first discusses the factors that detrimentally affect bipedal walking performance and their phenomena in the walking-ready posture. The necessary conditions for an ideal walking-ready posture are then defined based on static equilibrium and a suitable adjustment algorithm is proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of the algorithm is verified through dynamic computer simulations.
Utilisation of down and upsample in pre-processing to enhance quality of kinect depth compression

This paper presents high performance kinect depth video compression with low computational cost. In the proposed scheme, down-sample is placed at the first part of pre-processing to reduce computational cost. Therefore, down-sampled image is refined in the middle of pre-processing part. At last stage of preprocessing, up-sample scheme is located in order to return into the original size then feed into H.264/AVC encoder. The proposed method can gain 3–4 dB and reduce computational time by 44 %–50 %.
Decrease in Alveolar Macrophage Number during Pneumocystis carinii Infection

The alveolar macrophage is an important effector cell in the host response to Pneumocystis. The alveolar macrophage rapidly phagocytoses the organism under normal conditions, but is defective in animals infected with Pneumocystis carinii. Rats with Pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP) phagocytose 90% fewer radiolabeled P. carinii organisms and latex beads in vitro [4] and produce less nitric oxide [2]. As with humans [5], the number of alveolar macrophages decreases during Pneumocystis infection in hosts with defective immune systems, whereas normal animals respond to the organism by increasing their alveolar macrophage numbers [3]. Numbers of alveolar macrophages can decrease for several reasons, including increased cell death, increased cell migration out of the lung, decreased monocyte recruitment, or decreased differentiation of monocytes to macrophages. This study investigated the nature of the decrease in alveolar macrophage number in rats during PcP in the rat.
Patterning of pre‐thalamic somatosensory pathways

The topographical mapping of input is a fundamental organizing principle of sensory pathways. In the somatosensory system, a precise topographical representation of the face is first generated in the brainstem and then faithfully replicated in the thalamus and cortex. Although our knowledge of the distinct polysynaptic pathways that link cutaneous mechanoreceptors of the face with neocortical neurons has recently expanded, the molecular mechanisms controlling their neuron‐type‐specific assembly during development remain poorly understood. The increasing availability of genetic tools that enable manipulation of these developing circuits with cellular resolution now opens new perspectives in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which input from the periphery is converted into patterned central pathways.
Isolation and Characterization of Bacteriocin Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria from Fermented Bengal Gram

Bacteriocins are the extracellular proteins produced by the bacteria which inhibit the growth of similar or closely related bacterial strains. Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are predominantly present in the fermented foods produce bacteriocins. In the present study, six strains (three strains each) were isolated from the fermented Bengal gram samples containing with husk and without husk.The organisms isolated were identified as Pediococcussp and Yeast sp.by the biochemical characterization. The bacteriocins produced by these organisms effectively inhibited the growth of E.coli, Klebsiellasp, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aerugenosabut couldn’t inhibit the growth of Proteus vulgaris and Bacillus sp. Strains c2 and c3 showed greater activity at low pH. All the strains showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus sp,E.coli, Klebsiellasp, Staphylococcus aureusand Pseudomonas aerugenosabut Proteus vulgaris showed high resistance when bacteriocin was exposed to temperatures 37°C and 80°C.
Codistribution of amyloid beta plaques and spongiform degeneration in familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with the E200K-129M haplotype.

BACKGROUND Dominantly inherited Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) represents 5% to 15% of all CJD cases. The E200K mutation in the prion protein (PrP) gene (PRNP) is the most frequent cause of familial CJD. Coexistent amyloid beta (Abeta) plaques have been reported in some transmissible spongiform encephalopathies but to date have not been reported in familial CJD with the E200K mutation. OBJECTIVE To characterize a family with CJD in which Abeta plaques codistribute with spongiform degeneration. DESIGN Clinicopathologic and molecular study of a family with CJD with the E200K-129M haplotype. SETTING Alzheimer disease research center. PARTICIPANTS Two generations of a family. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Clinical, biochemical, and neuropathologic observations in 2 generations of a family. RESULTS In this kindred, 3 autopsied cases showed pathologic changes typical for the E200K-129M haplotype, including spongiform degeneration, gliosis, neuronal loss, and PrP deposition. Moreover, 2 of these cases (ages 57 and 63 years) showed numerous Abeta plaques codistributed with spongiform degeneration. APOE genotyping in 2 cases revealed that Abeta plaques were present in the APOE epsilon4 carrier but not in the APOE epsilon4 noncarrier. Two additional cases exhibited incomplete penetrance, as they had no clinical evidence of CJD at death after age 80 years but had affected siblings and children. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first description of Abeta plaques in familial CJD with the E200K mutation. The codistribution of plaques and CJD-associated changes suggests that PrP plays a central role in Abeta formation and that Abeta pathology and prion disease likely in fluence each other. The kindred described herein provides support that PrP(E200K) may result in increased Abeta deposition.
Design of Vivaldi antennas with embedded reconfigurable stopband filter

This paper addresses the design of Vivaldi antennas with embedded reconfigurable stopband filters, to allow simultaneous multi-standard communication while rejecting interferers. Three designs targeting different band stop bandwidths are presented, all of them featuring wideband matching and large rejection-frequency tuning range. The bandstop filters are formed by microstrip resonators coupled to the Vivaldi slot and terminated by varactor diodes. The major benefits of this solution are a continuous reconfiguration of the stopband, the absence of DC bias network, a quasi zero DC consumption, and the fact that resonators and diode ohmic losses positively contribute to the filtering capability. For the potential use in vehicular communications a halved Vivaldi placed over a ground plane is proposed, but the same concept directly applies to standard complete Vivaldi antennas.
Integrated Optical Pressure Sensors in Silicon-on-Insulator

An optical pressure sensor can be useful in many applications where electronics fall short (e.g., explosive environments). We have fabricated and characterized compact, integrated optical pressure sensors on a silicon-on-insulator platform using ring resonators and Mach-Zehnder interferometers. The silicon substrate is locally etched using KOH to produce very thin membranes of 3.28 μm. Measurements have shown that spectral features in our devices can shift up to 370 pm going from 0 to 80 kPa.
Attempting to prevent postnatal depression by targeting the mother–infant relationship: a randomised controlled trial

Aim The purpose of the study was to investigate whether an intervention which focused on enhancing the quality of the mother-infant relationship would prevent the development of postnatal depression (PND) and the associated impairments in parenting and adverse effects on child development. Background Recent meta-analyses indicate modest preventive effects of psychological treatments for women vulnerable to the development of PND. However, given the strong evidence for an impact of PND on the quality of the mother–infant relationship and child development, it is notable that there are limited data on the impact of preventive interventions on these outcomes. This is clearly a question that requires research attention. Accordingly, a randomised controlled trial (RCT) was conducted of such a preventive intervention. Methods A large sample of pregnant women was screened to identify those at risk of PND. In an RCT 91 were randomly assigned to receive the index intervention from research health visitors, and 99 were assigned to a control group who received normal care. In an adjacent area 76 women at risk of PND received the index intervention from trained National Health Service (NHS) health visitors. The index intervention involved 11 home visits, two antenatally and nine postnatally. They were supportive in nature, with specific measures to enhance maternal sensitivity to infant communicative signals, including items from the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale. Independent assessments were made at 8 weeks, 18 weeks, and 12 and 18 months postpartum. Assessments were made of maternal mood, maternal sensitivity in mother–infant engagement, and infant behaviour problems, attachment and cognition. Findings The RCT revealed that the index intervention had no impact on maternal mood, the quality of the maternal parenting behaviours, or infant outcome, although there were suggestions, on some self-report measures, that those with a lower level of antenatal risk experienced benefit. This was also the case for the intervention delivered by trained NHS health visitors. The findings indicate that the approach investigated to preventing PND and its associated problems cannot be recommended.
Hessenberg Input Normal Representations

Every stable controllable input pair (A',B') is equivalent to an input pair which is in Hessenberg form and is input normal (AA^* + BB^* = I. (A,B) is represented as a submatrix of the minimal number of Givens rotations. The representation is shown to be generically identifiable. This canonical form allows for fast state vector updates and improved conditioning of system identification problems.
Calcium signalling in malaria parasites

Ca2+ is a ubiquitous intracellular messenger in malaria parasites with important functions in asexual blood stages responsible for malaria symptoms, the preceding liver‐stage infection and transmission through the mosquito. Intracellular messengers amplify signals by binding to effector molecules that trigger physiological changes. The characterisation of some Ca2+ effector proteins has begun to provide insights into the vast range of biological processes controlled by Ca2+ signalling in malaria parasites, including host cell egress and invasion, protein secretion, motility and cell cycle regulation. Despite the importance of Ca2+ signalling during the life cycle of malaria parasites, little is known about Ca2+ homeostasis. Recent findings highlighted that upstream of stage‐specific Ca2+ effectors is a conserved interplay between second messengers to control critical intracellular Ca2+ signals throughout the life cycle. The identification of the molecular mechanisms integrating stage‐transcending mechanisms of Ca2+ homeostasis in a network of stage‐specific regulator and effector pathways now represents a major challenge for a meaningful understanding of Ca2+ signalling in malaria parasites.
Effects of exercise, bedrest and napping on performance decrement during 40 hours.

Abstract : Young male Naval volunteers were denied normal nocturnal sleep and maintained on a 60-min treatment-160-min testing schedule for 40 consecutive hours. Ten subjects bicycled, 20 subjects controlled EEG activity during bedrest, and 10 subjects napped. Eight measures of addition, auditory vigilance, mood, and oral temperature were obtained. The Bedrest group showed significant impairment on all eight measures, and thus, gave no support to the forced rest theory of sleep function. The exercise group was worse than the Nap and Bedrest groups for all measures. In spite of fragmented, reduced sleep (about 3.7 hours per 24 hours), the Nap group had no impairment on six of the measures. The results suggest that exercise increases the impairment due to sleep loss, and naps reduce or remove this impairment.
Decorin Activates the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Elevates Cytosolic Ca2+ in A431 Carcinoma Cells*

Several independent lines of evidence have implicated decorin, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan, in the inhibition of cell proliferation. However, the mechanism by which decorin mediates its effect on cell proliferation is unclear. Here we report, for the first time, decorin-mediated increases in intracellular Ca2+ levels of single A431 cells. The effects of decorin persisted in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ but were blocked by AG1478, an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and by down-regulation of the EGF receptor. The effects of decorin were not mimicked by the structurally homologous protein, biglycan. Our results indicate a novel action of decorin on the EGF receptor, which results in mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ providing a possible mechanism by which decorin causes growth suppression.
Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Detection of Haemophilus influenzae Type b in Cerebrospinal Fluid

ABSTRACT Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is one of the leading causes of meningitis in developing countries. To establish and evaluate a novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for Hib, we designed a LAMP primer set targeting the Hib-specific capsulation locus. LAMP detected 10 copies of purified DNA in a 60-min reaction. This indicated that the detection limit of LAMP was >100-fold lower than the detection limits of both a PCR for the detection of bexA and a nested PCR for Hib (Hib PCR). No H. influenzae, other than Hib or control bacteria, was detected. Linear determination ranged from 10 to 1,000,000 microorganisms per reaction mixture using real-time turbidimetry. We evaluated the Hib LAMP assay using a set of 52 randomly selected cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens obtained from children with suspected meningitis. For comparison, the CSF specimens were tested using a conventional Hib PCR assay. Hib was detected in 30 samples using LAMP and in 22 samples using the Hib PCR assay. The Hib PCR showed a clinical sensitivity of 73.3% and a clinical specificity of 100% relative to the Hib LAMP assay. These results suggest that further development and evaluation of the Hib LAMP will enhance the global diagnostic capability for Hib detection.
Self-reported sleep quality in family caregivers of gastric cancer patients who are receiving chemotherapy in Korea.

BACKGROUND Shifting of cancer care from inpatient to outpatient in Korea can lead to negative outcomes for family caregivers. Little research has been performed on Korean family caregivers' sleep quality and its related symptoms: fatigue and depression. METHODS We obtained data from a convenient sample of 103 family caregivers. Family caregivers completed sleep, depression, fatigue, and quality of life questionnaires. RESULTS Of family caregivers, 80% had poor sleep quality. Positive correlation existed among symptoms, but symptoms were negatively correlated with quality of life. CONCLUSIONS Health professionals need to include family caregivers in the overall patient care plan.
Fin-Width Dependence of BJT-Based 1T-DRAM Implemented on FinFET

This letter investigates fin-width dependence on single-transistor latch (STL) for bipolar-junction-transistor (BJT)-based 1T-DRAM through experiments. The minimum drain voltage (V<sub>latch</sub>) for the activation of a parasitic lateral BJT in SOI FinFET was measured at various gate lengths (L<sub>G</sub>'s) and fin widths (W<sub>fin</sub>'s). The multiplication factor and current gain of the parasitic BJT in SOI MOSFET are introduced as determinant factors. The experimental results clearly show that the value of V<sub>latch</sub> is reduced in a shorter L<sub>G</sub> and wider W<sub>fin</sub> device. It was found that the nonlocal effect retards the reduction of V<sub>latch</sub> as FinFET scales down.
Ordering states of Tsallis relative $\alpha$-entropies of coherence

In this paper, we study the ordering states with Tsallis relative $\alpha$-entropies of coherence and $l_{1}$ norm of coherence for single-qubit states. We show that any Tsallis relative $\alpha$-entropies of coherence and $l_{1}$ norm of coherence give the same ordering for single-qubit pure states. However, they don't generate the same ordering for some high dimensional pure states, even though these states are pure. We also consider three special Tsallis relative $\alpha$-entropies of coherence, such as $C_{1}$ ,$C_{2}$ and $C_{\frac{1}{2}}$, and show any one of these three measures and $C_{l_{1}}$ will not generate the same ordering for single-qubit mixed states. Furthermore, we find that any two of these three special measures generate different ordering for single-qubit mixed states.
Findings about the Cholinergic Basal Forebrain Using Immunotoxin to the Nerve Growth Factor Receptor

The cholinergic hypothesis of dementia in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD)' has stimulated interest in the cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain (CBF) and pointed attention to the need for better understanding of the normal function of the CBF. The search for animal models of AD has included attempts to produce cholinergic hypofunction using various lesioning techniques on the CBF. Before 1991, several authors noted that attempts to use conventional lesioning techniques on the CBF did not reproduce the neuropathology of AD. '-" Studies using excitotoxin lesions of the CBF in rats raised questions about the significance of CBF degeneration in AD because a correlation did not exist between extent of behavioral impairment and loss of cortical cholinergic innervation. '2-'6 The obvious concern was that excitotoxin lesions of the CBF produce behavioral deficits because of damage to noncholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain. A method for producing selective destruction of the CBF was clearly needed. CBF neurons are unique in the forebrain of healthy, adults rats in abundantly expressing the low-affinity neurotrophin receptor ( ~ 7 5 ~ ' ) . ' ~ ~ ~ Based upon observations by Schweitzerz". 21 that a monoclonal antibody (192 IgG) to p7SNTr was selectively taken up and concentrated in rat CBF neurons after intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection, we made an immunotoxin (192-saporin) with this antibody.22 192-saporin consists of the 192 IgG*' disulfide conjugated to the ribosome-inactivating protein, ~ a p o r i n . ~ ~ We chose saporin because a 192-IgG immunotoxin made with ricin A chainz5 was inactive in vivo; because at least one immunotoxin made with saporin was more potent and effective than a similar conjugate made with rich A and because we had previous success lesioning neurons in vivo with OX7-sap0rin. '~ Thus, 192-saporin was developed in order to make selective lesions of the CBF in rats for the purpose of analyzing the function of the CBF and any relationship between loss of CBF neurons and cognitive dysfunction. Reviews of some of this material have appeared p r e v i o ~ s l y . ~ ~ ~ ~