Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Expression of nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity in the human female intramural striated urethral sphincter.

PURPOSE While we have recently detected neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) immunoreactivity in a heterogeneous population of human male urethral striated muscle, to our knowledge the association of nNOS in the female counterpart is unknown. We investigated the association of nNOS with female urethral striated muscle and re-investigated muscle fiber types. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cryostat sections were taken from the middle third of 4 human female urethras. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase histochemistry and nNOS immunohistochemistry were performed. Muscle fiber types were identified by myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase histochemistry and fast twitch troponin T immunohistochemistry. The association between nNOS immunoreactivity and muscle fiber type was analyzed. RESULTS Positive staining for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase histochemistry and nNOS immunoreactivity were recognized in the sarcolemma of 43.9% of female urethral striated muscle fibers. Immunoreactivity for fast twitch troponin T immunohistochemistry was demonstrated by 2% of the striated fibers. The use of myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase showed that all fibers darkly stained uniformly at a pH of 9.6, 4.6 and 4.3, suggesting that they were myofibrillar intermediate muscle fibers. The results allowed the differentiation of 2 subgroups of fibers, namely smaller fibers (modal diameter 10.1 to 15.0 microm.) without nNOS immunoreactivity and larger fibers (modal diameter 15.1 to 20.0 microm.) with nNOS immunoreactivity. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge female urethral striated muscle has for the first time been found to consist of myofibrillar intermediate fibers and nNOS was positively localized in the sarcolemma of a subgroup of the fibers. This study provides a basis for further investigation into female urethral striated sphincter function and changes in pathological conditions.
Eigenmodes of partially filled coaxial waveguides

In this paper, we present the derivation of the rotationally symmetric TM Eigenmodes (n = 0) of a coaxial waveguide partially filled with a dielectric. For k<sub>ρ</sub>,1 ∈ ℑ > 0 there is a single solution to the waveguide's characteristic equation which provides the fundamental TM mode. Higher order evanescent TM modes follow for solutions where k<sub>ρ</sub>,1 ∈ ℜ > 0.
Circular Beam-Steering Reconfigurable Antenna With Liquid Metal Parasitics

A novel antenna reconfiguration mechanism based on the displacement of liquid metal sections is presented. The liquid nature of the moving parts of the antenna helps avoid the main disadvantage of mechanically-actuated reconfigurable antennas which is the mechanical failure of their solid parts due to material fatigue, creep or wear. Furthermore, the displacement of liquid elements can be more effectively performed than in the case of solid materials by applying precise microfluidic techniques such as continuous-flow pumping or electrowetting. The reconfiguration mechanism is demonstrated through the design, fabrication and measurement of a radiation pattern reconfigurable antenna. This antenna operates at 1800 MHz with 4.0% bandwidth and is capable of performing beam-steering over a 360° range with fine tuning. The antenna is a novel circular Yagi-Uda array, where the movable parasitic director and reflector elements are implemented by liquid metal mercury (Hg). The parasitics are placed and rotated in a circular microfluidic channel around the driven element by means of a flow generated and controlled by a piezoelectric micropump. The measured results demonstrate good performance and the applicability of the microfluidic system.
Skin conductance monitoring compared with bispectral index monitoring to assess emergence from general anaesthesia using sevoflurane and remifentanil.

BACKGROUND Changes in skin conductance have previously been reported to correlate well with plasma levels of stress hormones and awakening stimuli. In this study, monitoring of skin conductance during emergence from general anaesthesia was compared with the monitoring of bispectral index (BIS). METHODS Twenty-five patients undergoing minor elective surgery were investigated. The number of fluctuations in mean skin conductance (NFSC), BIS and haemodynamic parameters were recorded simultaneously. The performance of the monitoring devices to predict and distinguish between the clinical states 'steady-state anaesthesia', 'first reaction' and 'extubation' were compared using the method of prediction probability (P(K)) calculation. RESULTS Both monitors showed similar performance in distinguishing between 'steady-state anaesthesia' vs 'first reaction' (P(K) NFSC 0.89; BIS 0.94) and 'steady-state anaesthesia' vs 'extubation' (P(K) NFSC 0.96; BIS 0.96). The response times of the monitors, to indicate the likelihood of 'first reaction', were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS NFSC, as a parameter of skin conductance, performed similarly to BIS in patients waking after a general anaesthetic.
Aptamer-based label-free immunosensors using carbon nanotube field-effect transistors

In this paper, aptamer-based label-free immunosensors were fabricated for immunoglobulin E (IgE) detection using carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNTFETs). Aptamers are artificial oligonucleotides and thus are smaller than the Debye length. After aptamers were covalently immobilized on CNT channels, the electrical properties of the CNTFETs were monitored in real time, indicating that IgE in the range of 250 pM – 160 nM is effectively detected. From the measurement of the dependence of CNTFET electrical properties on IgE concentration, the dissociation constant between aptamer and IgE reactions is estimated to be 1.9 × 10−9 M using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, revealing that IgE and aptamers have good affinity. Therefore, aptamer-based CNTFETs are a promising candidate for the development of an integrated, high-throughput, multiplexed real-time biosensor for medical, forensic and environmental diagnostics.
Long-Run Growth and Physical Capital-Human Capital Concentration Nejat ERK

This paper aims to explore physical capital (K) and human capital (H) absorption and diffusion effects on the long term economic growth where the early studies started with T.W. Schultz and G.S. Becker. Within the proposed hypothesis three alternative models will be tested for forty five developed and developing countries. The hypothesis also likes to explore whether above mentioned criteria’s also can explain why on the overall developed countries has a relatively lower long-run economic growth rate vs. developing countries. In our first model, time series data for 1960-1990 for the selected forty five countries statistically verifies that the ratio of slopes (Per unit change in K and H) is high for the developed countries and small for the developing countries. In the second model growth (g) is related to kt-1 (capital concentration with respect to human capital = Kt-1/Ht-1). Empirical results show that an increase in kt-1 leads to statistically significant lower growth rates for all countries. Third model tests average growth rates of developed and developing countries at a cross-sectional level for k (average capital concentration with respect to human capital = the slope of K trend / the slope of H trend). Similar findings have been reached confirming our hypothesis.
Fast and Secure Group Key Dissemination Scheme for Out-of-Range V2I Communication

In vehicular communications, a group key that is only shared by the group subscribers is widely used for encrypting or signing multicast messages. A major issue with the group key is how to efficiently and securely transmit an updated group key for which numerous research results have been published. However, in the existing schemes, because vehicles receive the group key only from roadside units (RSUs), vehicles that are out of communication range cannot receive the updated group key. In this case, those vehicles can receive no data nor participate in group communication until they get the newest group key from the RSU. To overcome the aforementioned out-of-range limitation, we propose a new group key delivery scheme based on vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. The proposed scheme enables the vehicle in a group out of the communication range of the RSU to receive the group key from other vehicles in the same group. Two main parts of the scheme are a vehicle-verification protocol and a group-key-verification protocol. With the first protocol, a group key sender can verify if the vehicle that tries to receive the group key is a group member, and with the second protocol, the group key receiver can check the integrity of the group key. The two protocols include no interaction with a third party and, moreover, do not use any unencrypted privacy-sensitive information within a vehicle. By using mathematical analysis, we theoretically demonstrate that our scheme is safe against possible attacks. In addition, by using simulations, we show that the V2V group key delivery scheme guarantees faster group key dissemination than the existing schemes.
Alterations in slow transport kinetics induced by estramustine phosphate, an agent binding to microtubule‐associated proteins

Estramustine phosphate (EP) disassembles microtubules by binding to microtubule‐associated proteins (MAPs) rather than tubulin. In this study, EP‐induced alterations of MAP integrity caused a unique form of axonal atrophy in rats. Initially, EP‐induced axonal atrophy occurred in both proximal and distal axons of the sciatic nerve, characterized by an increase in neurofilament packing density, associated with a decrease in axonal area. In chronic exposure, distal axonal atrophy was associated with decreased numbers of microtubules, while the neurofilament number remained unaltered for the myelin spiral length. Continued exposure caused enlargement of proximal axons associated with an increase in neurofilament content. Correlative slow transport studies done at two different times, 7 and 14 days after [35S] methionine injection showed that EP retards the transport of cytoskeletal proteins migrating with both components of slow transport (SCa and SCb). However, there was a differential effect on SCb which showed progressive slowing along the nerve while the rate of SCa stayed relatively constant.
Uncertainty And Negligence Rules

This paper analyzes the effects of evidentiary uncertainty on people's incentives to abide by rules in the context of negligence rules in tort law. It demonstrates that i) the comparative negligence rule is not necessarily superior to the simple or the contributory negligence rule, ii) an application of lenient standards of due care under the contributory negligence rule than in comparative negligence rule would not necessarily restore social efficiency, and iii) a partial reduction of legal uncertainty would not necessarily improve social efficiency. These results contrast previous theoretical literature. JEL classification: K13
Développement de nouvelles stratégies analytiques pour la caractérisation moléculaire des états d'oxydation à l'échelle protéomique

L'analyse des modifications post-traductionnelles (PTMs) est une des contributions les plus importantes de la proteomique aux sciences du vivant. Malgre les progres importants des techniques separatives et de la spectrometrie de masse, la quantification des PTMs reste un defi analytique. Le nombre limite de PTMs identifiees robustement dans une recherche, la necessite d'enrichissement et l'estimation quantitative basee sur un seul peptide ne representent que les difficultes les plus evidentes. De plus, la quantification des PTMs doit toujours etre associee au profil d'expression de la proteine pour eviter les faux positifs.Nous avons developpe de nouvelles strategies analytiques de quantification des PTMs, en prenant en compte le niveau d'expression des proteines. Ces strategies ont ete appliquees a l'etude de l'oxydation des cysteines dans le cadre du stress oxydatif et de l'homeostasie redox.La strategie OcSILAC est une adaptation de la technique biotin switch au marquage metabolique des cultures cellulaires et a ete appliquee a un modele de levure n'exprimant pas la thioredoxine reductase. OcSILAC apporte des ameliorations techniques importantes et une innovation dans le traitement des donnees. Les resultats obtenus sont en accord avec le systeme redox de ce modele. OcSILAC a ensuite ete adaptee au fractionnement subcellulaire pour etendre la couverture du redoxome.Une deuxieme strategie, OxiTMT, a ete developpee en se basant sur des tandem mass tags specifiques de la cysteine. OxiTMT a ete employee a l'etude de cellules E. Coli soumises a un traitement oxydatif. OxiTMT offre l'avantage d'une large gamme d'applications qui peut s'etendre aux tissus et aux biopsies.
1 Regulation of Rac Translocation and Activation 1 by Membrane Domains and Their Boundaries 2

Konstadinos Moissoglu, Volker Kiessling, Chen Wan, Brenton D. 3 Hoffman, Andres Norambuena, Lukas K. Tamm and Martin Alexander 4 Schwartz 5 Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, 6 Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA 7 Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA 8 Current address: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer 9 Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, 10 USA 11 Center for Membrane Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA 12 Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, 13 Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA 14 Current address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of 15 British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3 16 Current address: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 17 27708, USA 18 Current address: Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 19 22908, USA 20 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 21 22908, USA 22 Current address: Yale Cardiovascular Research Center and Departments of Medicine and 23 Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven CT 06511 24 © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.
Disc Lesions and the Mechanics of the Intervertebral Joint Complex

Study Design. Correlations between tears in the disc and the mechanics of both the intervertebral joint and vertebral body bone were analyzed. Objectives. To examine the effect of disc degeneration on the mechanics of spinal motion segments. Summary of Background Data. Degeneration of the intervertebral disc results in changes to the mechanics of the spine. The actual effect of tear type and size on the mechanics of the intervertebral joint is unknown. Methods. Thirty spinal specimens (median age, 68 years) were divided into T12–L1, L2–L3, and L4–L5 motion segments. Mechanical tests recorded stiffness in flexion, extension, and torsion. Disc morphology was ascertained by taking three transverse sections of the disc and mapping and measuring the concentric tears, radial tears, and rim lesions. The severity of each tear type within each disc then was quantified. Bone cubes from the adjacent vertebral bodies were tested in compression to determine the elastic moduli and tested to failure in the longitudinal direction. Results. Groups with tears were older and had reduced bone elastic moduli than groups without tears. Extension stiffness for the intact joint tended to increase with increasing tear severity. A decrease in torsional stiffness was present with increased severity of rim lesions at both L2–L3 and L4–L5. Conclusions. Tears in the intervertebral disc are reflected in a reduction in vertebral bone elastic modulus and in changes in the mechanics of the intervertebral joints in flexion, extension, and torsion.
Two sisters with Silver–Russell phenotype

Silver–Russell syndrome (SRS) is a well recognizable syndrome, but the etiology of SRS seems to be heterogeneous. SRS is listed in Mendelian Inheritance in Man as an autosomal dominant disorder because most described cases have been of sporadic occurrence, and most likely were caused by de novo autosomal dominant mutation, and because families with apparent dominant transmission of a SRS phenotype have been described. Still, in a few families, autosomal recessive inheritance has been suggested. We describe two sisters who meet the criteria for SRS proposed by Price et al. [ 1999 ]. The parents had normal facial features, normal height, and normal post‐natal growth. This is the second well‐documented case of familial recurrence of SRS that resembles an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. Since sib recurrence is so rare in SRS, other modes of inheritance should be considered. The finding of maternal uniparental disomy 7 (mUPD7) in 10% of SRS cases suggests that lack of paternally expressed imprinted gene(s) or overexpression of maternal imprinted gene(s) on chromosome 7 cause SRS. The recurrence in sibs could be caused by a mutation in the imprinted gene or imprinting center carried by one parent. Alternatively, recurrence in sibs could represent germ line mosaicism for a dominant mutation in one of the parents. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deep Feature Learning for Hyperspectral Image Classification and Land Cover Estimation

The differences in spatial sampling between field measurements and remote-sensing imagery can hinder the exploitation of contemporary data. When the field-based sampling is higher than airborne and spaceborne imagery, each pixel is naturally associated with multiple pixels due to the multiplexing of the reflectances of different materials. To address this scale inconsistency, we propose the introduction of the multi-label classification framework where classifiers are trained to predict multiple labels per pixel. Furthermore, instead of relying on raw hyperspectral measurements for the classification process, we investigate the Stacked Sparse Autoencoders framework, an example of a deep learning network, for descriptive feature extraction. To validate the merits of the proposed scheme, we consider real data from the Hyperion instrument on-board the EO-1 and NYC land cover data from 2010.
Resolution of the adjoint Navier-Stokes equations using a preconditioned multigrid method

Las ecuaciones de Navier-Stokes adjuntas se resuelven con un metodo multimalla precondicionado. La utilizacion de este resolvedor se fundamenta en las mejoras de diseno que se obtienen con un metodo de optimizacion basado en el gradiente. El ahorro de tiempo que se consigue cuando se utiliza la solucion de las ecuaciones de Navier-Stokes adjuntas para calcular el gradiente es proporcional al numero de grados de libertad del problema de optimizacion. La definicion de la geometria de una fila de alabes de turbina contiene cientos de parametros, por lo que el ahorro en tiempo de calculo es sustancial. El resolvedor de las ecuaciones de Navier-Stokes adjuntas se deriva de un resolvedor en paralelo de las ecuaciones promediadas de Navier-Stokes para mallas no estructuradas, cuyo esquema de integracion explicito se ha mejorado con un metodo multimalla precondicionado. Con este metodo las ecuaciones de Navier-Stokes se convergen rapidamente al estado estacionario, tanto para casos bidimensionales como tridimensionales. Las mallas bastas del metodo multimalla se han generado mediante un metodo de aglomeracion de volumenes basado en las aristas de la malla. Se ha analizado la discretizacion resultante del metodo de precondicionado, con especial atencion a la discretizacion de las ecuaciones en mallas con alargamiento. Se demuestra que la aglomeracion direccional de las celdas alargadas, donde solo aglomeramos en la direccion de menor alargamiento, es una tecnica adecuada para mejorar las prestaciones del metodo multimalla precondicionado. Los resultados del analisis lineal de las ecuaciones de Navier-Stokes son tambien validos para las ecuaciones adjuntas, ya que ambos problemas tienen los mismos autovalores. El resolvedor de las ecuaciones adjuntas se ha utilizado conjuntamente con un metodo de optimizacion basado en el gradiente para disenar las paredes de una fila de alabes de turbina de baja presion utilizando perturbaciones no axilsimetricas. El diseno obtenido reduce apreciablemente la energia cinetica secundaria en un tiempo de calculo menor que el que se emplea en la realizacion manual del diseno.
Sexual dimorphism: a comparative study between the prehispanic inhabitants from El Hierro and other populations of the world

Sex estimation based on tibial measurements can be achieved using discriminant functions combining several parameters. However, functions differ from one population to another, because sexual dimorphism may be more or less marked among different ancestry or ethnic groups. Calculation of one of these functions with the dimensions of populations other than that from which the function was obtained may misclassify a different proportion of males or females than when calculated with the dimensions of the original population. By dividing the proportions of correctly classified individuals when the function was applied to the population from which it derived and that of El Hierro (Canary Islands), we can calculate an index of male trait expression and an index of female trait expression, and, by addition of both indices, an index of sexual dimorphism. Therefore, it is possible to compare the degree of sexual dimorphism among several populations, at least regarding those measurements included in the function. Based on this fact we have calculated several functions (reported in the scientific literature), obtained from tibiae of modern black, white, and Japanese populations, and from medieval Croatians and prehispanic inhabitants of Gran Canaria (ap. 1000 BP), with the dimensions of the prehispanic population of El Hierro, genetically sexed, also with an antiquity of ap. 1000 BP. Despite the different antiquity, the population of El Hierro was more dimorphic that the modern Japanese one, but less dimorphic than most of the other groups with which it was compared, especially when functions including distal epiphyseal breadth and minimum shaft perimeter (near the distal end of the tibiae) were calculated: in these cases, dimorphism was lower for the population of El Hierro, due to the fact that, although male trait expression index was higher, many females of El Hierro were misclassified as males because of the abnormally thick distal diaphyseal and epiphyseal breadths of El Hierro inhabitants.