Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Investment Project Valuation from the Entity-Firm Perspective

The paper offers some considerations on investment project valuation from an entity-firm perspective. Once recognised the role of firm’s complementarities, uniqueness, path-dependent decision-making, bounded-rationality and organizational processes, a different approach to investment projects valuation and selection management arises, which is different than that proposed by standard finance theory and based on CAPM. Standard finance theory, according to CAPM, identifies risk as the standard deviation of a project’s expected returns, and claims that only systematic risk must be considered. The entity-firm perspective, on the contrary, defines a different concept of risk (the Negative Whole Risk) and calls for considering the whole risk of the project and the expandability of the firm’s opportunity set. A Minimum Acceptable Rate of Return for alternative investment projects must be set, that takes into account a project’s whole risk and the expandability of the firm’s opportunity set. A role for active risk analysis and management processes is clearly recognised, and the innovative capabilities of the firm are introduced so superseding the market completeness assumption upon which is based the standard finance theory. An analysis is offered, that focuses on the main determinants of the Minimum Acceptable Rate of Return for investment project valuation. From the entity theory perspective a new interpretation emerges of some phenomena, such as the role of financial slacks, the underinvestment effect and the importance of the whole risk related to the project. In the new perspective Minimum Acceptable Rates of Return are endogenously and subjectively set, and they act more as organizational control tools than as a tool for the fair valuation of investment projects. Finally, different rates act as reference points for the investing side and the financing side.
Inborn errors of fructose metabolism.

METABOLISM OF FRUcrOSE . • . • . • . 42 Enzymes of Fructost Metabolism . 42 Alternate Pathways of Fructose Metabolism . 45 Stimulatory Effect of Fructose on Hepatic Glucose Uptake . • . • • • • . 45 TOXICITY OF PARENTERAL FRUcrOSE . • . • . • • . • . • . • • • • • • • • • • • . • • . • . • 46 Influence of Fructose on the Glycolytic Pathway. • . • • . • . 46 Influence of Fructose on Purine Catabolism . 47
Social Networks and Multi-Agent Systems Symposium (SNAMAS-09)

Trust can be viewed at the same time as an instrument both for an agent selecting the right partners in order to achieve its own goals, and for an agent of being selected from other potential partners in order to establish with them a cooperation/collaboration and to take advantage from the accumulated trust. In this paper we will analyze trust as the agents’ relational capital. Starting from the classical dependence network with potential partners, we introduce the analysis of what it means for an agent to be trusted and how this condition could be strategically used from it for achieving its own goals, that is, why it represents a form of power. The idea of taking another agent’s point of view is especially important if we consider the amount of studies in social science that connect trust with social capital related issues. Although there is a big interest in literature about ‘social capital’ and its powerful effects on the wellbeing of both societies and individuals, often it is not clear enough what is it the object under analysis. Individual trust capital (relational capital) and collective trust capital not only should be disentangled, but their relations are quite complicated and even conflicting. To overcome this gap, we propose a study that first attempts to understand what trust is as capital of individuals. In which sense “trust” is a capital. How this capital is built, managed and saved. In particular, how this capital is the result of the others’ beliefs and goals. Then we aim to analytically study the cognitive dynamics of this object.
Origin and Concentration: Corporate Ownership, Control and Performance

We analyse the effects of different types and concentration of ownership on performance using a large population of firms in the Czech Republic after mass privatization. Specifications based on first-differences combined with instrumental variables show that the performance effects of different types and concentration of ownership are limited when compared to earlier studies. Often, concentrated ownership has a positive effect, a finding that supports the agency theory. The positive effect of foreign ownership is detected primarily for majority ownership and for ownership by foreign industrial firms. The state as a holder of the golden share has a positive effect on employment and sometimes, also on output and profitability. Overall, our results highlight the benefits of strategic restructuring accompanied by an inflow of new capital and managerial culture.
Asymmetric Dynamics in Stock Market Volatility

This paper provides some insight into the asymmetric effects of stock market volatility transmission using weekly stock market return data (January 1992–June 2010) of four countries, namely, Australia, Singapore, the United Kingdom and the United States within a MGARCH (multivariate generalised autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity) framework. Our results indicate that negative shocks in each market play a more important role in increasing both volatility and covolatilities than positive shocks. In addition, as expected, we identified that all markets (particularly Australia and Singapore) exhibit significant positive mean and volatility spillovers from the US stock market returns, but not the other way around.
Isolation and partial characterization of Streptococcus suis from clinical cases in cattle

Sixteen isolates of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria were obtained from clinical cases of diverse conditions in cattle and identified as Streptococcus suis using 16S ribosomal DNA gene sequencing and other bacterial identification methods. None of the isolates could be assigned to any of the known S. suis capsular types. Virulence-associated gene profiling that targeted muramidase-released protein, extracellular protein factor, suilysin, 89-kb pathogenicity island, and arginine deiminase (arcA) genes were negative except for 1 isolate that was arcA positive. The arcA-positive isolate caused severe widespread lesions, including multiorgan suppurative and hemorrhagic inflammation in the meninges, lung, liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and serosae of heart and intestines. The other isolates were primarily associated with meningitis, bronchopneumonia, and multifocal acute necrotizing hepatitis. The isolates differed from each other by 4–6 fragments when examined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, indicating they are possibly related. The isolates were susceptible to ampicillin, penicillin, and tiamulin. Resistance was noted to sulfadimethoxine (93%), oxytetracycline (86%), chlortetracycline (86%), neomycin (67%), tilmicosin (47%), clindamycin (47%), enrofloxacin (33%), gentamicin (13%), florfenicol (7%), trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (7%), and spectinomycin (53%). Multi-drug resistance (defined as resistance to at least 1 agent in 3 or more antimicrobial classes) was detected in 67% of the isolates. The pathology observations provide evidence that S. suis may be an important pathogen of bovine calves. S. suis is an agent that clinical bacteriology laboratories should consider when dealing with cases involving cattle.
Performance Evaluation for Local Anchor-Based Dual Connectivity in 5G User-Centric Network

Ultra-dense network (UDN) is considered as one of the most promising techniques in achieving the increasingly explosive growth of data rates for future 5G system. However, a large number of small cells lead to the increased cell edges and the rugged inter-cell interference, which cause frequent handover events and more radio link failure. In this paper, a local anchor-based dual connectivity (DC) architecture is proposed for a user-centric network based on the analysis of mobility management challenges of UDN. Under the proposed architecture, the local anchor acts as the master eNodeB (MeNB) with neighboring small cells acting as slave eNodeBs (SeNBs) to provide DC transmission for user-centric service following each user's movement. Key procedures for mobility management are correspondingly provided and both the MeNBs and SeNBs are selected from the small cells to investigate the potential of them, which are different from the mobility management methods under the traditional cellular architecture. Performance evaluations are conducted under different parameter configurations to evaluate the maximum potential of the proposed scheme. Simulation results show that in our proposed scheme, the handover failure rate shows a maximum decrease of more than 53% and the average user spectrum efficiency achieves an increase of 5% gains over the current LTE system when the user equipment speed is 3 km/h.
Rating mechanisms among participants in sharing economy platforms

This study shares findings from 23 qualitative interviews of participants from five sharing economy platforms in Norway (2016) about how they make sense of rating scores, use rating scores when making decisions and provide ratings of others in sharing economy platforms. Online ratings or review scores in sharing economy services tend to be positive on average. Consumers need to develop a larger awareness about the social mechanisms at play when peers rate each other, how a given platform may control and change rating categories and how rank is measured and presented by algorithms. Rating scores are vital to purchasing decisions.
Theory of Dark Energy and Dark Matter

In (Ma and Wang, 2014b), a new set of gravitational field equations are derived based only on 1) the Einstein principle of general relativity, and 2) the principle of interaction dynamics, due to the the presence of dark energy and dark matter. With the field equations, we show that gravity can display both attractive and repulsive behavior, and the dark matter and dark energy are just a property of gravity caused by the nonlinear interactions of the gravitational potential gμν and its dual field. The main objectives of this paper are two-fold. The first is to study the PID-induced cosmological model, and to show explicitly, as addressed in (Ma and Wang, 2014a), that 1) dark matter is due to the curvature of space, and 2) dark energy corresponds to the negative pressure generated by the dual gravitational potential in the field equations, and maintains the stability of geometry and large scale structure of the Universe. Second, for the gravitational field outside of a ball of centrally symmetric matter field, there exist precisely two physical parameters dictating the two-dimensional stable manifold of asymptotically flat space-time geometry, such that, as the distance to the center of the ball of the matter field increases, gravity behaves as Newtonian gravity, then additional attraction due to the curvature of space (dark matter effect), and repulsive (dark energy effect). This also clearly demonstrates that both dark matter and dark energy are just a property of gravity. We note that the dark matter property of the gravity and the approximate gravitational interaction formula are consistent with the MOND theory proposed by (Milgrom, 1983); see also (Milgrom, 2014) and the references therein.
Elements for photodetectors based on epitaxial layers In4Se3, In4Te3 and Cdsb

Photosensitive elements of semiconductor compounds In4Se3, In4Te3, CdSb and heterostructures were obtained by liquid phase epitaxy method. Laser modification of structural and phase state of epitaxial layers was conducted. The methods of SEM, AFM and STM microscopy were used for investigation of transformation processes in nanostructured regions on boundaries of hetero structures. Spectral characteristics and parameters of photosensitive elements and IR filters were studied. Interference absorptive filters for cutting off infrared range of the spectrum were formed by deposition in a vacuum on these crystals of thin films.
STRATEGIC ALIGNMENT OF THE COMMODITY CHAINS OF SÃO PAULO INDUSTRY

This article proposes to conduct a diagnosis of the strategic alignment of commodity chains of the Sao Paulo State industry. The diagnosis was carried out by using as the theoretical framework the concept of strategic alignment of a supply chain proposed originally by Marshall Fisher (1997), but applied to all the commodity chains not to a supply chain in particular. For each commodity chain, a responsiveness index and demand uncertainty index which allowed positioning each one of commodity chains in the responsiveness spectrum and verifying the existence of the strategic alignment. The calculation of the responsiveness index was made from secondary data coming from the Economic Activity Survey (PEAP) done by the SEADE Foundation. For the commodity chains that proved outside the area of strategic alignment in the responsiveness spectrum, a suggestion of guidelines in the range of operations strategy which could drive into the strategic alignment zone was done. A brief theoretical review on strategic alignment of supply chain completes the article.
The TileCal energy reconstruction for collision data using the matched filter

The Tile Barrel Calorimeter (TileCal) is the central section of the hadronic calorimeter of ATLAS at LHC. It comprises more than 10,000 readout channels. The energy deposited in each channel is read out and the analog pulse is conditioned by a shaper circuit. The signal energy is estimated by reconstructing the amplitude of the digitized pulse sampled every 25 ns. This work presents the performance of an alternative algorithm for TileCal energy reconstruction, namely the TileCal Matched Filter (MF). The performance of the MF method is compared to the currently implemented algorithm (OF2) using collision data acquired in 2010 during LHC operation period. The results showed that the MF presents smaller error estimation (variance) than the OF2 method. In addition to that, the methods showed to be highly correlated with each other for high SNR signals. Preliminary results using special ATLAS collision data taken later in 2012, for which LHC operated at 25 ns bunch spacing and ATLAS observed an increase of the pile-up effect, are also provided.
Tourism and the hotel and catering industries in the EC

Part 1 Initial Objectives and Themes of Action: Measures to facilitate Tourism in the Community Distribution of Tourism Better Use of Financial Aid Better Information and Protection of Tourists The Improvement of Working Conditions, including the Right of Establishment and Freedom to provide Services Increasing Knowledge of Tourism and Organization of Consultation and Co-operation. Part 2 Action already taken General Measures related to the Completion of the Internal Market Action resulting from EC Policies Direct Measures in favour of Tourism and Actions in the Framework of the European Year of Tourism. Part 3 Actions of Particular Importance for Business and Consumers: The Travel Sphere The Hotel and Catering Sphere. Part 4 Latest EC Action Plan to Assist Tourism: Strengthening of the Horizontal Approach Support for Specific Measures. Part 5 Miscellaneous, Other Developments: Transfrontier Property Transactions Convention on Tourism Hotel Keeping Contracts 1992 and the Hotel and Catering Industry.
PubMed Central: The GenBank of the published literature.

PMC will contain only articles from the peer-reviewed literature and is not intended to be the sole repository or distributor of the publications that it hosts. In fact, journals are encouraged to distribute their material as widely as possible, through their own web sites or online distributors. Furthermore, publishers do not need to relinquish their normal copyright provisions for the further commercial use of the material. The great value that PMC brings …
The sustainable design network

The UK based Sustainable Design Network set up in November 2001 by funding from the EPSRC/DTI Link as part of the Sustainable Technologies Initiative, is a forum which brings together people from industry, public and government bodies, and academia who have an interest in Sustainable Design. This paper introduces the Sustainable Design Network. It outlines the network’s unique membership which draws from fields as diverse as textiles, architecture, engineering, furniture, packaging and product design, and attracts membership from students to senior academics, managing directors, and councillors, and outlines the services it provides, noting a few interesting observations about initiatives which were not successful. Drawing on qualitative findings obtained from the membership, the paper then considers the ways in which the network has been successful. It then reflects on how the network has morphed away from being an academic network to one which meets the needs of all of its members.
A Decision Support System for the Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease

A rule-based decision support system is presented for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. The generation of the decision support system is realized automatically using a three stage methodology: (a) induction of a decision tree from a training set and extraction of a set of rules; (b) transformation of the set of rules into a fuzzy model and (c) optimization of the parameters of the fuzzy model. The system is evaluated using 199 subjects, each one characterized by 19 features, including demographic and history data, as well as laboratory examinations. Ten fold cross validation was employed and the average sensitivity and specificity obtained was 80% and 65% respectively. Our approach provides diagnosis based on easily acquired features and, since it is rule based, is able to provide interpretation for the decisions made
Transmembrane Protein 198 Promotes LRP6 Phosphorylation and Wnt Signaling Activation

ABSTRACT Wnt/β-catenin signaling is fundamental in embryogenesis and tissue homeostasis in metazoans. Upon Wnt stimulation, cognate coreceptors LRP5 and LRP6 ([LRP5/6] low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins 5 and 6) are activated via phosphorylation at key residues. Although several kinases have been implicated, the LRP5/6 activation mechanism remains unclear. Here, we report that transmembrane protein 198 (TMEM198), a previously uncharacterized seven-transmembrane protein, is able to specifically activate LRP6 in transducing Wnt signaling. TMEM198 associates with LRP6 and recruits casein kinase family proteins, via the cytoplasmic domain, to phosphorylate key residues important for LRP6 activation. In mammalian cells, TMEM198 is required for Wnt signaling and casein kinase 1-induced LRP6 phosphorylation. During Xenopus embryogenesis, maternal and zygotic tmem198 mRNAs are widely distributed in the ectoderm and mesoderm. TMEM198 is required for Wnt-mediated neural crest formation, antero-posterior patterning, and particularly engrailed-2 expression in Xenopus embryos. Thus, our results identified TMEM198 as a membrane scaffold protein that promotes LRP6 phosphorylation and Wnt signaling activation.
GENETIC ENGINEERING OF ETHANOL PRODUCTION IN E . COLI Sall

common promoter. Alcohol dehydrogenase II and pyruvate decarboxylase from Z. mobilis were expressed at high levels in E. coli, resulting in increased cell growth and the production of ethanol as the principal fermentation product from glucose. These results demonstrate that it is possible to change the fermentation products of an organism, such as E. coli, by the addition of genes encoding appropriate enzymes which form an alternative system for the regeneration of NAD+.
Galaxy Cluster Pressure Profiles as Determined by Sunyaev Zel’dovich Effect Observations with MUSTANG and Bolocam. II. Joint Analysis of 14 Clusters

We present pressure profiles of galaxy clusters determined from high-resolution Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) effect observations of 14 clusters, which span the redshift range of . The procedure simultaneously fits spherical cluster models to MUSTANG and Bolocam data. In this analysis, we adopt the generalized NFW parameterization of pressure profiles to produce our models. Our constraints on ensemble-average pressure profile parameters, in this study γ, C500, and P0, are consistent with those in previous studies, but for individual clusters we find discrepancies with the X-ray derived pressure profiles from the ACCEPT2 database. We investigate potential sources of these discrepancies, especially cluster geometry, electron temperature of the intracluster medium, and substructure. We find that the ensemble mean profile for all clusters in our sample is described by the parameters , cool core clusters are described by , and disturbed clusters are described by . Of the 14 clusters, 4 have clear substructure in our SZ observations, while an additional 2 clusters exhibit potential substructure.
Urinary incontinence in the geriatric population.

BACKGROUND Urinary incontinence is a widespread, yet potentially treatable, problem in the geriatric population. METHODS We reviewed the geriatric and urologic literature to provide an update on the definition, diagnosis, and treatment of geriatric urinary incontinence. RESULTS Urinary incontinence affects 15-30% of elderly individuals in the community and 50% of those living in nursing homes. Both age and gender affect bladder function, and incontinence affects females and males in a ratio of 2:1. Incontinence can be classified as urge, stress, overflow, functional, or mixed. There are many reversible causes of incontinence, and a thorough history and physical examination, including a complete voiding history and a tailored neuro-urologic examination, are required for accurate diagnosis. Treatment options include behavioral modification, medical therapy with anticholinergics or hormone replacement, and surgical intervention. CONCLUSIONS Urinary incontinence, due to many causes, is a widespread problem among the elderly. Yet many of these causes are reversible with appropriate treatment, often by the primary care provider. Some patients may require urologic referral for sophisticated urodynamic studies and possible surgical intervention, in select cases.
Guidelines for reporting of health interventions using mobile phones: mobile health (mHealth) evidence reporting and assessment (mERA) checklist

To improve the completeness of reporting of mobile health (mHealth) interventions, the WHO mHealth Technical Evidence Review Group developed the mHealth evidence reporting and assessment (mERA) checklist. The development process for mERA consisted of convening an expert group to recommend an appropriate approach, convening a global expert review panel for checklist development, and pilot testing the checklist. The guiding principle for the development of these criteria was to identify a minimum set of information needed to define what the mHealth intervention is (content), where it is being implemented (context), and how it was implemented (technical features), to support replication of the intervention. This paper presents the resulting 16 item checklist and a detailed explanation and elaboration for each item, with illustrative reporting examples. Through widespread adoption, we expect that the use of these guidelines will standardise the quality of mHealth evidence reporting, and indirectly improve the quality of mHealth evidence.