Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Feeding Wet Feed or Wet Feed Fermented by Bacillus licheniformis on Growth Performance, Histopathology and Growth and Lipid Metabolism Marker Genes in Broiler Chickens

Simple Summary Heat stress is an abiotic environmental factor that affects poultry performance and results in several physiological, immunological and behavioral changes in birds. Previous works have illustrated that wet feeding has been considered as a useful agent to improve birds’ ability to resist high ambient temperatures and to enhance our understanding of feed consumption limitations when broilers are fed dry diets. In broilers, wet feeding enhances nutrient use. This research reveals the impacts of three feeding methods (dry feed, wet feed or wet feed fermented with Bacillus licheniformis) on the growth efficiency, intestinal histomorphometry and gene expression of the lipid metabolism- and growth-related genes of broiler chickens. Our findings confirm improved growth and digestibility for fermented wet feed compared with control and wet feed diets; however, wet feed has a negative effect on performance compared with the control group (dry feed). Additionally, fermented wet feed caused a reduced hepatic gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and increased that of fatty acid synthase (FAS). Abstract The present study evaluated the effect of three feeding methods (dry feed, wet feed or wet feed fermented with Bacillus licheniformis) on the growth performance, intestinal histomorphometry and gene expression of the lipid metabolism- and growth-related genes of broiler chickens. A total of 360 one-day-old Cobb-500 broiler chicks were randomly allotted into three groups containing four replicates with 30 birds each. The first group (control) was fed a dry mash basal diet. The second and third groups were fed wet feed and fermented wet feed. The final body weight and weight gain were reduced (p < 0.01) in the wet feed group, while they did not differ between the fermented wet feed and dry feed groups. Feed intake was not altered, and feeding on wet feed significantly (p < 0.01) increased the feed-to-gain ratio compared to the remaining groups. No differences between the three feeding methods in carcass characteristics, blood biochemistry and nutrient digestibility were observed except for crude protein digestibility, which was increased (p < 0.01) in the fermented wet feed group. Duodenal and ileal villi heights were elevated in birds fed fermented wet feeds, while crypt depth was not altered. The expression fold of IGF-1, GH and m-TOR genes in the pectoral muscle of birds fed wet feed was decreased (p < 0.05), while myostatin gene expression was elevated. Feeding on wet feed reduced the hepatic gene expression of PPARγ and increased that of FAS. In conclusion, wet feed negatively affected the broiler chickens’ efficiency under heat stress; however, fermenting the wet feed with Bacillus licheniformis improved feed utilization and birds’ performance compared to the dry feed group.
In Silico Identification of the Complex Interplay between Regulatory SNPs, Transcription Factors, and Their Related Genes in Brassica napus L. Using Multi-Omics Data

Regulatory SNPs (rSNPs) are a special class of SNPs which have a high potential to affect the phenotype due to their impact on DNA-binding of transcription factors (TFs). Thus, the knowledge about such rSNPs and TFs could provide essential information regarding different genetic programs, such as tissue development or environmental stress responses. In this study, we use a multi-omics approach by combining genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics data of two different Brassica napus L. cultivars, namely Zhongshuang11 (ZS11) and Zhongyou821 (ZY821), with high and low oil content, respectively, to monitor the regulatory interplay between rSNPs, TFs and their corresponding genes in the tissues flower, leaf, stem, and root. By predicting the effect of rSNPs on TF-binding and by measuring their association with the cultivars, we identified a total of 41,117 rSNPs, of which 1141 are significantly associated with oil content. We revealed several enriched members of the TF families DOF, MYB, NAC, or TCP, which are important for directing transcriptional programs regulating differential expression of genes within the tissues. In this work, we provide the first genome-wide collection of rSNPs for B. napus and their impact on the regulation of gene expression in vegetative and floral tissues, which will be highly valuable for future studies on rSNPs and gene regulation.
High-pressure synthesis of rare-earth metal disulfidesand diselenides LnX2 (Ln = Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er and Tm; X = S, Se)

Abstract A series of rare-earth metal disulfides LnS2 and diselenides LnSe2 (Ln = Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er and Tm has been prepared by high-pressure high-temperature synthesis at 8(1) GPa. The dichalcogenides LnX2 (X = S, Se) are found to crystallize in the α-LaS2 type with the monoclinic space group P121/a1 (no. 14). The crystal structure is a twofold superstructure of the ZrSSi aristotype and consists of puckered cationic [LnX]+ double slabs which are sandwiched by planar chalcogen sheets containing X22– dumbbells.
MiR‐370‐3p inhibits the development of human endometriosis by downregulating EDN1 expression in endometrial stromal cells

MiR‐370‐3p has been demonstrated to be downregulated in patients with endometriosis (EM). However, its role and molecular mechanisms in the progression of EM remain unclear. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the expression of miR‐370‐3p and endothelin‐1 (EDN1) in patients with or without EM. After miR‐370‐3p overexpression or knockdown in ectopic endometrial hEM15A cells, the changes in the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration and invasion capacities were detected by using cell counting kit‐8, flow cytometry, and transwell methods. The interplay between miR‐370‐3p and EDN1 was confirmed by a luciferase reporter assay. Patients with EM showed adverse expression of EDN1 and miR‐370‐3p, especially in eutopic endometrium and ectopic endometrium. MiR‐370‐3p inhibited the proliferation, metastasis, and invasion capacities of hEM15A cells and promoted apoptosis. Investigation of its molecular mechanism revealed that miR‐370‐3p targeted EDN1 to influence the biological functions of hEM15A cells. MiR‐370‐3p represented as a therapeutic target for EM treatment.
MBNL2 Regulates DNA Damage Response via Stabilizing p21

RNA-binding proteins are frequently dysregulated in human cancer and able to modulate tumor cell proliferation as well as tumor metastasis through post-transcriptional regulation on target genes. Abnormal DNA damage response and repair mechanism are closely related to genome instability and cell transformation. Here, we explore the function of the RNA-binding protein muscleblind-like splicing regulator 2 (MBNL2) on tumor cell proliferation and DNA damage response. Transcriptome and gene expression analysis show that the PI3K/AKT pathway is enriched in MBNL2-depleted cells, and the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21CDKN1A) is significantly affected after MBNL2 depletion. MBNL2 modulates the mRNA and protein levels of p21, which is independent of its canonical transcription factor p53. Moreover, depletion of MBNL2 increases the phosphorylation levels of checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) serine 345 (S345) and DNA damage response, and the effect of MBNL2 on DNA damage response is p21-dependent. MBNL2 would further alter tumor cell fate after DNA damage, MBNL2 knockdown inhibiting DNA damage repair and DNA damage-induced senescence, but promoting DNA damage-induced apoptosis.
Type 2 Myocardial Infarction

Type 2 myocardial infarction (T2MI) due to an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand in the absence of coronary thrombosis is a relatively new diagnostic category that is becoming more recognized in clinical practice. Here, we summarize the important concepts surrounding T2MI as well as our experience with cardiac rehabilitation for these patients. Background: Type 2 myocardial infarction (T2MI) is commonly encountered in clinical practice, yet little is known about this challenging condition. Outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an integral component in the care of patients with MI. However, specific recommendations for CR, information on the feasibility of participation, and outcome measures for patients with T2MI are lacking. Clinical Considerations: The frequency of T2MI is markedly variable and depends on the studied population, disease definition, adjudication process, cardiac troponin assays, and cutoff values used to make the diagnosis of T2MI. Clinically, it is difficult to distinguish T2MI from type 1 MI or myocardial injury. Type 2 myocardial infarction occurs due to myocardial oxygen supply-demand mismatch without acute atherothrombotic plaque disruption and is associated with adverse short- and long-term prognoses. Currently, there are substantial gaps in knowledge regarding T2MI and there are no clear guidelines for the optimal management of these patients. Summary: In this article, we present important current concepts surrounding T2MI including the definition, pathophysiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, prognosis, and management. We also discuss referral patterns to CR and participation rates and provide our experience with a case series of 17 patients. Very few patients with T2MI are referred to and participate in CR. Our small case series indicated that patients with T2MI respond favorably to CR and that exercise training following standard guidelines appears safe and is well tolerated.
HEXACO personality correlates of adolescents' involvement in bullying situations

Abstract Adolescents' involvement in bullying situations is—at least partially—personality trait‐activated. Although some studies investigated personality correlates of bullying and being victimized, little is known about personality correlates of bystander responses (i.e., reinforcing, outsider behavior, indirect defending, and direct defending). The present study investigated whether Dutch adolescents' self‐reported HEXACO personality traits could explain their peer‐reported involvement in bullying (N = 552; M age = 13.4 years, SD = 0.8 years). The results show that bullying was negatively related to honesty‐humility, emotionality, agreeableness (for boys specifically), and openness, whereas reinforcing was only negatively related to honesty‐humility and openness. Conversely, direct defending and outsider behavior were positively related to honesty‐humility, emotionality, and openness, whereas indirect defending was only positively related to emotionality and openness. Furthermore, reinforcing was positively related to extraversion (for boys only), whereas outsider behavior was negatively related extraversion and positively to conscientiousness. Finally, being victimized was positively related to emotionality and negatively to extraversion. These findings contribute to our understanding of the heterogeneity in adolescents' involvement in bullying and fit the view of bullying and defending as strategic and goal‐directed behavior. Implications for bullying prevention programs are discussed.
Relationships between Seminal Plasma Metabolites, Semen Characteristics and Sperm Kinetics in Donkey (Equus asinus)

Simple Summary A deeper knowledge of reproductive biology may be helpful in the donkey to avoid the risk of extinction that some breeds are facing. The evaluation of metabolites in seminal plasma provides crucial information for the knowledge of donkey sperm metabolism, for obtaining comparative information with other species, as well as for providing useful elements for the formulation of extenders for sperm dilution and conservation. Moreover, correlations of seminal metabolites with sperm kinetics highlight new possible markers of sperm quality. Using multivariate analysis, all metabolic, seminal, and spermatic data were merged in a single dot that grouped individual stallions within clusters in the Cartesian axes according to the different spermatic characteristics. This amount of information also allows to shed light on the effects of total or partial removal of seminal plasma for improving sperm preservation. The inclusion in the study of an azoospermic individual represents a further discriminating element in the analysis of sperm quality under physiological and pathological conditions. Abstract This study aimed to evaluate donkey seminal plasma metabolites and relate this information to the main characteristics of sperm quality. Sperm kinetics from 10 donkey stallions were analyzed with a computerized system at the time of collection (T0) and after 24 h storage at 4 °C (T24). Seminal plasma was frozen at −80 °C for subsequent proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy. On three stallions, semen collection was repeated monthly for three times and sperm analysis also included mitochondrial activity and oxidative status. One stallion was azoospermic and a second semen collection was performed after one month. In the seminal plasma, 17 metabolites were identified; their levels showed numerous significant variations between the azoospermic and the normospermic individuals and grouped in well-defined clusters in a multivariate analysis. Comparing individuals with high and low sperm motility, the only discriminating metabolite was phenylalanine, whose levels were lower in the latter, as in the azoospermic individual. Phenylalanine was also the only metabolite highly correlated with all sperm kinematic parameters at T24. In conclusion, the present study has provided relevant information on the chemical characteristics of donkey semen, identified relationships between seminal metabolites, semen parameters, and sperm kinetics, and offered insights for future technological applications.
Micronutrient Deficiencies and Anemia in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at risk of developing nutrition deficiencies, particularly because of reduced intake, restrictive diets, malabsorption, and excessive nutrient loss. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of anemia and micronutrient deficiencies at diagnosis and one year follow up in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Children and young adults diagnosed with IBD before the age of 17 years between 2012 and 2018 were included. Laboratory measurements including serum levels of iron, ferritin, zinc, vitamin D, vitamin A, vitamin E, selenium, copper, vitamin B12, and red blood cell (RBC) folate at diagnosis and one-year follow-up were documented as part of the Manitoba Longitudinal Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease (MALPID) Cohort. A total of 165 patients with IBD were included, 87 (53%) with Crohn’s disease (CD) and 78 (47%) with ulcerative colitis (UC). The prevalence of deficiencies in our cohort at diagnosis and one year follow-up, respectively, were iron (56% and 27%), ferritin (39% and 27%), zinc (10% and 6%), vitamin D (22% and 13%), vitamin A (25% and 25%), vitamin E (5% and 4%), selenium (10 and 7%), copper (17% and 27%), vitamin B12 (2% and 5%), and Red blood cell (RBC) folate (1% and 17%). Anemia was present in 57% and 25% at diagnosis and follow up respectively. In CD patients, age of diagnosis (15y–younger than 18y) was a predictor of moderate to severe anemia and albumin levels (<33 g/L) were protective against anemia. Many children with IBD suffer from anemia and micronutrient deficiencies at diagnosis and some fail to recover after one year despite being in clinical remission.
Goal Setting Improves Cognitive Performance in a Randomized Trial of Chronic Stroke Survivors.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cognitive impairment after stroke, especially executive and attention dysfunction, is common, negatively affects daily functioning, and has limited treatment options. A single-blind, parallel-design, randomized controlled trial was used to examine the impact of goal setting on poststroke cognitive performance. METHODS Stroke survivors (n=72; mean age, 68.38 [SD=11.84] years; 69.4% men) in the chronic phase (≥3 months) after stroke from an academic stroke prevention clinic were randomly assigned to receive goal-setting instructions (n=36) or standard instructions (n=36) after completing baseline cognitive measures of executive function (primary outcome), attention/working memory, verbal learning, and verbal recall. RESULTS A one-way mixed multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) found a group by instructional manipulation interaction effect for executive function (Wilks λ=0.66; F[3,66]=11.30; P≤0.001; η2p=0.34), after adjusting for age and years of education. After similar adjustment, attention/working memory (Wilks λ=0.86; F[5,63]=2.10; P=0.043; η2p=0.16) and verbal learning (F[1,60]=5.81; P=0.019; η2p=0.09) also showed improvement after instruction but not verbal recall (Wilks λ=0.95; F[1,56]=2.82; P=0.099; η2p=0.05). There were no adverse events. CONCLUSIONS Goal setting improved executive function, attention/working memory, and learning in a heterogeneous sample in the chronic phase after stroke. This suggests that >3 months after stroke, vascular cognitive impairment is not a fixed deficit; there is a motivational contributor. Brief treatments targeting goal-oriented behavior and motivation may serve as a novel approach or adjunct treatment to improve cognitive outcomes after stroke. Future research should investigate the use of goal setting on functional outcomes (eg, instrumental activities of daily living and vocational function) in this population, highlighting new potential avenues for treatment for vascular cognitive impairment. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials. gov. Unique identifier: NCT03511300.
Seasonal Influence on the Numbers of Gender-Related Orofacial Cleft Conceptions in the Netherlands

Background: In the multifactorial etiology of orofacial clefts (OFCs), environmental factors play an important role. To trace the influence of these factors, the timing of the cell biological mechanisms that occur during embryological development of the primary and secondary palates must be taken into account. That is, the fusion process of the facial and palatal processes, respectively, followed by their differentiation into bone and musculature, which take place during the first trimester of pregnancy. During this period, harmful seasonal influences such as viral infections and vitamin deficiencies could induce OFC in the embryo. Aims: The aim of this study is to find out whether a seasonal conception period with an increased risk of OFC development exists, particularly gender related. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study on children with OFC born in the Netherlands from 2006 to 2016. Total conception rates of live births in the Netherlands were used as a control group. χ2 tests were performed to analyze monthly and seasonal differences. Males and females, positive and negative family history and subphenotype groups based on fusion and/or differentiation (F- and/or D-) defects, and their timing in embryogenesis were analyzed separately. Results: In total, 1653 children with OFC, 1041 males and 612 females, were analyzed. Only males with FD-defects showed a significant seasonal variation with an increase in conceptions during spring, most often in May. Conclusions: Males with FD-defects showed a significant seasonal variation with an increase in conceptions during spring. No other seasonal trends could be demonstrated.
Effect of Linear and Nonlinear Pedagogy Physical Education Interventions on Children’s Physical Activity: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial (SAMPLE-PE)

Background: School-based interventions are a key opportunity to improve children’s physical activity (PA); however, there is lack of evidence about how pedagogical approaches to motor learning in physical education (PE) might affect PA in children. Therefore, this study aimed to assess how different pedagogical approaches in PE might affect children’s PA. Methods: Participants (n = 360, 5–6 years) from 12 primary schools within the SAMPLE-PE randomized controlled trial were randomly allocated to either Linear Pedagogy (LP: n = 3) or Nonlinear Pedagogy (NP: n = 3) interventions, where schools received a 15-week PE intervention delivered by trained coaches, or to a control group (n = 6), where schools followed usual practice. ActiGraph GT9X accelerometers were used to assess PA metrics (moderate-to-vigorous PA, mean raw acceleration and lowest acceleration over the most active hour and half hour) over whole and segmented weeks at baseline, immediately post-intervention and 6 months follow-up. Intention to treat analysis employing multilevel modelling was used to assess intervention effects. Results: LP and NP interventions did not significantly affect children’s PA levels compared to the control group. Conclusion: PE interventions based on LP and NP alone might not be effective in improving habitual PA in children.
Intercellular and intracellular cilia orientation is coordinated by CELSR1 and CAMSAP3 in oviduct multi-ciliated cells

ABSTRACT The molecular mechanisms by which cilia orientation is coordinated within and between multi-ciliated cells (MCCs) are not fully understood. In the mouse oviduct, MCCs exhibit a characteristic basal body (BB) orientation and microtubule gradient along the tissue axis. The intracellular polarities were moderately maintained in cells lacking CELSR1 (cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 1), a planar cell polarity (PCP) factor involved in tissue polarity regulation, although the intercellular coordination of the polarities was disrupted. However, CAMSAP3 (calmodulin-regulated spectrin-associated protein 3), a microtubule minus-end regulator, was found to be critical for determining the intracellular BB orientation. CAMSAP3 localized to the base of cilia in a polarized manner, and its mutation led to the disruption of intracellular coordination of BB orientation, as well as the assembly of microtubules interconnecting BBs, without affecting PCP factor localization. Thus, both CELSR1 and CAMSAP3 are responsible for BB orientation but in distinct ways; their cooperation should therefore be critical for generating functional multi-ciliated tissues. Summary: CELSR1 and CAMSAP3 are responsible for intercellular and intracellular basal body orientation, and their cooperation is critical for generating functional multi-ciliated epithelium in the mouse oviduct.
Bioactive Ingredients and Medicinal Values of Grifola frondosa (Maitake)

Grifola frondosa (G. frondosa), generally known as hen-of-the-woods or maitake in Japanese and hui-shu-hua in Chinese, is an edible mushroom with both nutritional and medicinal properties. This review provides an up-to-date and comprehensive summary of research findings on its bioactive constituents, potential health benefits and major structural characteristics. Since the discovery of the D-fraction more than three decades ago, many other polysaccharides, including β-glucans and heteroglycans, have been extracted from the G. frondosa fruiting body and fungal mycelium, which have shown significant antitumor and immunomodulatory activities. Another class of bioactive macromolecules in G. frondosa is composed of proteins and glycoproteins, which have shown antitumor, immunomodulation, antioxidant and other activities. A number of small organic molecules such as sterols and phenolic compounds have also been isolated from the fungus and have shown various bioactivities. It can be concluded that the G. frondosa mushroom provides a diverse array of bioactive molecules that are potentially valuable for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications. More investigation is needed to establish the structure–bioactivity relationship of G. frondosa and to elucidate the mechanisms of action behind its various bioactive and pharmacological effects.