Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
What is a natural cause of death ?

Aim—Many deaths fall in the “grey” area between those that are clearly natural and those that are unnatural. There are no guidelines to help doctors in dealing with such cases and death certification is often arbitrary and inconsistent. In an attempt to initiate debate on these diYcult areas, and with the ultimate aim of achieving national consensus, the views of coroners in England and Wales were sought. Methods—Sixteen clinical scenarios, with causes of death, were circulated to all coroners in England and Wales. For each case they were asked to provide a verdict, with explanation. The deaths fell into three groups: (1) postoperative, (2) a combination of trauma and natural disease, and (3) infectious disease. Results—Sixty four questionnaires were returned. There was near consensus (> 80% concordance) in only two of the 16 cases. In five, there was no significant agreement between coroners in the verdicts returned (“natural causes” versus “misadventure/accidental”). These included all three cases in which death resulted from a combination of trauma and natural disease (a fall after a grand mal fit; falls resulting in fractures of bones aVected by metastatic carcinoma and osteoporosis), bronchopneumonia after hip replacement for osteoarthritis, and new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. The comments made for each case indicate that the variation between coroners in whether or not to hold an inquest, and the verdict arrived at, reflect the lack of a definition for natural causes, together with diVerences in the personal attitudes of each coroner. Conclusions—There is considerable variation in the way in which coroners approach these borderline cases, many of which are common in clinical practice. This study indicates a need for discussion, working towards a national consensus on such issues. It highlights the importance of good communication between coroners and medical staV at a local level. (J Clin Pathol 2000;53:367–373)
Depending on Care: Recognition of Vulnerability and the Social Contribution of Care Provision

People who are paid to provide basic care for others are frequently undervalued, exploited and expected to reach often unrealistic standards of care. I argue that appropriate social recognition, support and fair pay for people who provide care for those who are disabled, frail and aged, or suffering ill health that impedes their capacity to negotiate daily activities without support, depends on a reconsideration of the paradigm of the citizen or and moral agent. I argue that by drawing on the ideas of human vulnerability and dependency as central to our personhood, a more realistic conception of selves, citizens and persons can be developed that better recognises the inevitability of human dependency and the social value of care work. I also indicate the significance of this vulnerability-focussed view for ethical evaluation of the emotional aspects of care relationships.
Feasibility of lead-free piezoceramic based power ultrasonic transducers

Lead-based piezoceramics are currently the most widely used transduction material in power ultrasonic applications. Directives such as the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS and RoHS2) regulate the sale of electrical and electronic equipment containing hazardous substances, such as lead, entering the European marketplace. However, lead-based piezoceramics have been exempt due to the lack of a genuine lead-free equivalent. Lead-free piezoceramics were first developed in the 1950s, however their relatively poor properties when compared to PZT left them largely neglected until the implementation of the European directive. This study investigates the incorporation of a modern lead-free piezoceramic, a variant of bismuth sodium titanate (BNT), into a commercial power ultrasonic transducer used in semiconductor wire bonding. It is reported that a device containing BNT was capable of forming wire bonds, and that the lead-free transducer exhibited properties that could make them suitable in other power ultrasonic applications.
Preferential attachment with choice

We consider the degree distributions of preferential attachment random graph models with choice similar to those considered in recent work by Malyshkin and Paquette and Krapivsky and Redner. In these models a new vertex chooses r vertices according to a preferential rule and connects to the vertex in the selection with the s th highest degree. For meek choice, where s>1 , we show that both double exponential decay of the degree distribution and condensation‐like behaviour are possible, and provide a criterion to distinguish between them. For greedy choice, where s=1 , we confirm that the degree distribution asymptotically follows a power law with logarithmic correction when r=2 and shows condensation‐like behaviour when r>2 . © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg. , 48, 751–766, 2016
Assessment of Electric Vehicle Charging Scenarios Based on Demographical Data

A massive introduction of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) in the transportation sector would likely increase the total electricity consumption. Depending on how and when the PEVs are charged, the effects on the power demand will vary. Previous studies have shown that uncontrolled charge of PEVs can cause problems for the distribution system in some areas. This paper proposes an approach to control PEVs charging based on the charging behavior estimated from the demographical statistical data. In this approach, three different charge strategies are designed and the impacts of PEVs charging on the distribution system is assess using standard load flow calculations. A case study using the proposed approach examines the real situation in Gothenburg, a city on the west coast of Sweden. The results from the study show that the impacts on the distribution system due to PEVs vary between different areas. By controlling the charging, the impacts can be reduced but the choice of control methods must be chosen carefully. Furthermore, the results indicate that a well-developed public charging infrastructure could reduce the stress on the residential distribution systems since part of the charging can be done in commercial areas.
ECHNIQUES IN N EURO S CIENCE

The improvement of health and nutritional status of the society has been one of the thrust areas for social developments programmes of the country. The present states of healthcare facilities in India are inadequate when compared to international standards. The average Indian spending on healthcare is much below the global average spending. Indian healthcare Industry is growing at the rapid pace of more than 18%, the fastest in the world. The prospects for Indian healthcare are to the tune of USD 40 billion, while global market is USD 1660 trillion. India has all the prospects to become medical tourism destination of the world, because it has a large pool of low-cost scientifically trained technical personal and is one of the favoured counties for cost effective healthcare. As per the reports of Global Burden of Neurological Disorders Estimations and Projections survey there is big shortage of neurologist in India and around the world. So Authors would like to develop an innovative IT based solution to help doctors in rural areas to gain expertise in Neuro Science and treat patients like expert neurologist. This paper aims to survey the Soft Computing techniques in treating neural patient’s problems used throughout the world
Molecular determinants of FGF‐21 activity—synergy and cross‐talk with PPARγ signaling

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)‐21 is a novel regulator of insulin‐independent glucose transport in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes and has glucose and triglyceride lowering effects in rodent models of diabetes. The precise mechanisms whereby FGF‐21 regulates metabolism remain to be determined. Here we describe the early signaling events triggered by FGF‐21 treatment of 3T3‐L1 adipocytes and reveal a functional interplay between FGF‐21 and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) pathways that leads to a marked stimulation of glucose transport. While the early actions of FGF‐21 on 3T3‐L1 adipocytes involve rapid accumulation of intracellular calcium and phosphorylation of Akt, GSK‐3, p70S6K, SHP‐2, MEK1/2, and Stat3, continuous treatment for 72 h induces an increase in PPARγ protein expression. Moreover, chronic activation of the PPARγ pathway in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes with the PPARγ agonist and anti‐diabetic agent, rosiglitazone (BRL 49653), enhances FGF‐21 action to induce tyrosine phosphorylation of FGF receptor‐2. Strikingly, treatment of cells with FGF‐21 and rosiglitazone in combination leads to a pronounced increase in expression of the GLUT1 glucose transporter and a marked synergy in stimulation of glucose transport. Together these results reveal a novel synergy between two regulators of glucose homeostasis, FGF‐21 and PPARγ, and further define FGF‐21 mechanism of action. J. Cell. Physiol. 210: 1–6, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of corrosive and antioxidant of dibenzyl disulfide (DBDS) on the oil-paper insulation

As, a kind of sulfur antioxidant, dibenzyl disulfide (DBDS) generally exist in the mineral insulating oil, which can improve the oxidation stability of oil. However, DBDS can also lead to corrosion problems of transformer oil. To investigate the effect of the corrosive action and the antioxidant action of DBDS on the oil-paper insulation, oil samples with different DBDS concentration (0–200mg/kg) were made and conducted to perform thermal aging experiments together with insulation windings at 130Ό under the condition of nitrogen. After the aging experiment, the copper strip and insulating paper surface were observed, the properties of insulating oil were also measured and analyzed. Experimental results showed that when the insulating oil contained less than 25mg/kg DBDS, the antioxidant effect of DBDS would be dominant, the oxidation stability of insulating oil was improved, the performance of oil was better than that of excluding DBDS samples. When the insulating oil contained more than 25mg/kg DBDS, the corrosive effect of DBDS will be greater than its antioxidant effect, copper ions and acid will be accelerated, it will lead to more serious of aging oil.
IGBT-SiC dual fed ground power unit

This paper presents the design and control of a three-phase ground power supply unit for aircraft servicing. A new mixed technology converter composed by a three-phase Silicon Carbide (SiC) full bridge unit and a three-phase full bridge IGBT unit connected across the same dc link is used instead of the conventional full bridge configuration. In order to satisfy the stringent requirements of the output voltage quality particular attention is given to the controller. The common dc link topology of the converter allows circulation of Zero Sequence Current (ZSC), therefore also a 0 axis regulator is necessary. The state space model of the system considering the LC output filter is presented and used in order to synthetize the controller parameters using the Optimal Control theory.
Major Role of NAD-Dependent Lactate Dehydrogenases in 4 High Optically Pure L-Lactic Acid Production by 5 Thermophilic Bacillus coagulans 6 7

† L.W. and Y.C. contributed equally to this study. 17 * Corresponding author. 18 Mailing address: Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 19 100101, People’s Republic of China 20 E-mail: yub@im.ac. cn (B. Yu) 21 Phone/Fax: +86-10-64806132 22 AEM Accepts, published online ahead of print on 12 September 2014 Appl. Environ. Microbiol. doi:10.1128/AEM.01864-14 Copyright © 2014, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Imaging , Diagnosis , Prognosis Copy Number Losses De fi ne Subgroups of Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma with Poor Prognosis and Genomic Instability

Purpose: Molecular events underlying progression of well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLS) to dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLS) are poorly defined. This study sought to identify copy number alterations (CNA) associated with dedifferentiation of WDLS, with DDLS morphology, and with patient
A Clinical Perspective on SPECT

The potential clinical utility of SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) brain imaging to clarifying certain diagnostic dilemmas faced by clinical psychiatrists is considered generally and is illustrated by several case vignettes. Three case histories consider dementia vs depressive pseudo-dementia, two the possibility of a cerebral vasculitis in patients with auto-immune conditions, and two whether the patient had a “type” of depression likely to benefit from a course of ECT. Published studies reviewing the utility of SPECT in dementia, depression, depressive “pseudodementia” and cerebral lupus are considered. It is suggested that SPECT is an important investigatory technique providing additional information that may assist some diagnostic decisions, while its utility in assisting other clinical decisions awaits clarification.
Side‐To‐Side Comparisons of Bone Mineral Density in Upper and Lower Limbs of Collegiate Athletes

This cross-sectional study investigated the effects of participation in various sports on side-to-side (contralateral) differences in bone mineral density (BMD) of the upper and lower limbs. The BMD of the arms and legs was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The subjects were 184 collegiate athletes, both men and women, who participated in NCAA Division I-A baseball, basketball, football, golf, soccer, tennis, cross-country, indoor/outdoor track, and volleyball. Results revealed greater BMD of the right arms compared with the left arms for all teams, with the most pronounced differences observed in men's and women's tennis and men's baseball. Differences in the lower limbs were less common. No significant differences in lower limb BMD were found in the women. In men, differences in lower limb BMD were found in the football and tennis teams, with the nondomi-nant leg having greater bone mass. Recognition of contra-lateral differences in bone density may be of particular interest to strength and conditioning professionals as they consider the need to include bilateral and unilateral training programs in an effort to maximize performance and minimize stress-related injuries.
Sleep EEG Composition in the First Three Months of Life in Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twins

We investigated genetic influence on sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) composition by a classical twin study of monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins in the first 3 months of life. Polysomnographic (PSG) recordings were obtained in 10 MZ and 20 DZ twin pairs in the 37th, 46th, and 52nd week of postmenstrual age (PMA). The EEG power spectra were generated on the basis of fast Fourier transformation (FFT). Genetic influence on active sleep/rapid eye movement (AS/REM)] and quiet sleep/ non rapid eye movement (QS/NREM) sleep composition was estimated by calculating within pair concordance and the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for delta (0.5-3.5 Hz), theta (4-7.5 Hz), alpha (8-11.5 Hz), sigma (12-14 Hz), and beta (14.5-20 Hz) at central derivation. MZ twins show higher ICCs than DZ twins for alpha, sigma, and beta spectral powers during QS/NREM sleep in the 37th, 46th, and 52nd week PMA. However, there was no significant difference (P > .05) between the 2 types of twins in absolute differences of EEG spectral power of the alpha, beta, and sigma frequency ranges in the 37th, 46th, and 52nd week PMA. The greatest mean absolute difference within MZ and DZ twin pairs and also between MZ and DZ twin groups was identified in the delta frequency range. Our findings gave an indication of genetic influence on alpha, sigma, and beta frequency ranges in the QS/NREM sleep stage.
Adaptive Correcting Strokes Extracted From Chinese Characters in Digital Ink of Non-Native Writers Based on Comprehensive Visualization

Abstract The correcting process for strokes extracted from Chinese characters is the necessary step to extract the errors of writing errors automatically. Visualization of extracted strokes is the prerequisite for manual correction. Therefore, visualization and adaptive correction methods are proposed. To reduce the cognitive burden of correcting, color, brightness, saturation and order number is comprehensively used to visualize extracted strokes. And tag list is applied for correcting different types of extracted strokes, which provides the training set for error extraction classifier in future work. After experimental verification, the method is effective in operational complexity and efficiency.
Resonance Properties in Auditory Brainstem Neurons

Auditory signals carry relevant information on a large range of time scales from below milliseconds to several seconds. Different stages in the auditory brainstem are specialized to extract information in specific frequency domains. One biophysical mechanism to facilitate frequency specific processing are membrane potential resonances. Here, we provide data from three different brainstem nuclei that all exhibit high-frequency subthreshold membrane resonances that are all most likely based on low-threshold potassium currents. Fitting a linear model, we argue that, as long as neurons possess active subthreshold channels, the main determinant for their resonance behavior is the steady state membrane time constant. Tuning this leak conductance can shift membrane resonance frequencies over more than a magnitude and therefore provide a flexible mechanism to tune frequency-specific auditory processing.
Maternal-fetal transmission of human papillomavirus.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the maternal-fetal transmission of human papillomavirus (HPV). METHODS Samples of exfoliated cervical cells were obtained from 73 pregnant women on their third-trimester examinations. Samples of fetal membranes, amniotic fluid and nasopharyngeal swab were obtained from the parturients and their neonates. The presence of HPV types 16, 18 and 35 deoxyribonucleic acid was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and endonuclease method. RESULTS HPV types 16, 18 and 35 deoxyribonucleic acid were found in 26 (35.6%) of 73 specimens of cervical cells obtained from the parturients, and in 31 (42.5%) of 73 specimens of fetal membranes, 6 (15.4%) of 39 specimens of amniotic fluid, and 5 (14.7%) of 34 neonatal nasopharyngeal swabs obtained from the neonates. The restriction endonuclease analysis of the amplified products showed that HPV types 16, 18 and 35 were positive in 24.7%, 9.6% and 1.4% respectively of parturients, and 11.0%, 4.1% and 0 respectively of neonates. The maternal-fetal transmission rate of HPV was 50% (7/14) for spontaneous vaginal delivery, and 33.3% (4/12) for cesarean section. CONCLUSION HPV can be transmitted from mothers to their babies not only through the placenta during pregnancy, but also through the genital tract during delivery.
Novel serial group interference canceller scheme for asynchronous multirate DS-CDMA systems

The performance of multirate structures, implemented with the multiple codes (MC) scheme, and associated with multiuser detection (MuD) of successive interference cancellation (SIC) for group of users (GSIC), considering a hyperbolic tangent (named hereafter as tanh) decision device in the intermediate stages, is analyzed. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations (MCS) were accomplished for the MC-GSIC tanh structure's performance characterization considering total and partial cancellation (with cancellation factor /spl xi/ < 1) in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and flat Rayleigh channels.
Intracellular localization of the dermonecrotic toxin of Bordetella pertussis

Localization of the heat-labile dermonecrotic toxin of Bordetella pertussis strain 114 grown in chemically defined Stainer-Scholte medium was studied by using skin reaction in 4-day-old suckling mice as the assay for toxin. Through log phase and into stationary phase of growth the toxin was cell associated and not detected in the culture supernatant. Only about 4% of the activity present in a suspension of lysed cells was detected in a suspension of whole cells, and the dermonecrotic activity was not released by subjecting whole cells to osmotic shock, a procedure that releases proteins from the periplasmic space of many gram-negative bacteria. After cell lysis and preparation of soluble and membrane fractions, 73 to 80% of the activity in the cell lysate was recovered in the soluble fraction, with only 3 to 6% present in a membrane fraction. Further evidence for the intracellular cytoplasmic localization of the dermonecrotic toxin was the insensitivity of the toxin to trypsin treatment of whole cells. Treatment of whole cells with trypsin (80 micrograms/ml) for 20 min at 37 degrees C did not decrease dermonecrotic or malate dehydrogenase activities, but did inhibit more than 95% of the extra-cytoplasmic adenylate cyclase activity. Identical trypsin treatment of a cell lysate decreased all the above activities by more than 90%.
Functional analysis of NsrR, a nitric oxide‐sensing Rrf2 repressor in Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to be an important component of the human immune response, and as such, it is important to understand how pathogenic organisms respond to its presence. In Neisseria gonorrhoeae, recent work has revealed that NsrR, an Rrf2‐type transcriptional repressor, can sense NO and control the expression of genes responsible for NO metabolism. A highly pure extract of epitope‐tagged NsrR was isolated and mass spectroscopic analysis suggested that the protein contained a [2Fe−2S] cluster. NsrR/DNA interactions were thoroughly analysed in vitro. Using EMSA analysis, NsrR::FLAG was shown to interact with predicted operators in the norB, aniA and nsrR upstream regions with a Kd of 7, 19 and 35 nM respectively. DNase I footprint analysis was performed on the upstream regions of norB and nsrR, where NsrR was shown to protect the predicted 29 bp binding sites. The presence of exogenously added NO inhibited DNA binding by NsrR. Alanine substitution of C90, C97 or C103 in NsrR abrogated repression of norB::lacZ and inhibited DNA binding, consistent with their presumed role in co‐ordination of a NO‐sensitive Fe–S centre required for DNA binding.
A singularities avoidance method for the trajectory planning of redundant and nonredundant robot manipulators

In this paper, a singularities avoidance method suitable for the trajectory planning of redundant and nonredundant robot manipulators is presented. This method is based on establishing proper bounds for the rate of change of the Jacobian matrix of the transformation between the joints speed and end effector Cartesian speed These bounds are computationally inexpensive and easy to deal with by their conversion into additional constraints for any optimization problem which may be formulated to obtain the local or global optimal control of the robot manipulator. Here, this approach is exemplified for the trajectory planning problem of a particular type of redundant and nonredundant robot manipulators studied under an optimal control problem formulation. For each case, this problem is treated as a minimum energy problem with given kinematics and dynamics and subject to the robot requirements, tasks, and the additional singularities avoidance constraints; resulting in a state constrained continuous optimal control which is solved numerically.