Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence from Google Trends of a Widening Second-level Digital Divide in Brazil. Even Worse with the Covid-19

Background: While Brazilian governmental initiatives focused on home broadband Internet access, availability of computers for students in schools has been drastically reduced since 2010 Furthermore, schools usually prohibits mobile Internet access in its premises, contrarily to the migration of students' access to smartphones Objectives: This study investigates the impact of the increasing home and mobile Internet access on the existing educational inequalities Design: This study made use of quantitative, locally statistical research to investigate the reproduction or closing of existing educational digital divide across already contrasting Brazilian regions Setting and Participants: Child or adolescent from 9 to 17 years of age and their guardians, interviewed by CETIC br Data collection and analysis: Data was obtained from the CETIC br data portal and the Google Trends webpage Data were analysed by means of local geostatistical measures of spatial autocorrelation and inequality, as well as bivariate choropleth maps results: Our results suggest that the Brazilian school system is failing to cultivate in their students the more productive use of Internet access and therefore contributing to the widening of the existing second-level digital divide between regions and social classes Conclusions: This digital divide was critically exacerbated by the arrival of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the suspension of presential classes Brazilian policymakers should concentrate efforts and resources in addressing this large-scale second-level digital divide, possibly by equipping educators and students with the knowledge and skills towards the educational, productive and responsible use of the Internet, as well as allowing mobile Internet access in school premises © 2020 Lutheran University of Brazil All rights reserved
The role of males in a neotropical paper wasp, Polistes ferreri Saussure, 1853 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae)

There are a few studies about the behavior of males of paper wasps in the colonies; however, some activities performed by males , such as nest maintenance and brood care, have been described in the literature. Between February and June 2001, behavioral observations were carried out on three colonies of Polistes ferreri Saussure, 1853, from postemergence to decline phases. Productivity, emergence time, permanence on the combs and behavioral repertory were verified during the observations. The emergence of males took place between February and June, and the productivity was 17,66±12,05 males per colony. Such values were smaller than those found for other species of Polistes. Seventeen behavioral acts were registered for males of P. ferreri. Males remained in the colony for a short period (average of 8,06 days). Some performed acts by males seem to be related to the tasks in the nests and to the mating behavior.
Rejuvenation of City Gateway as the Identity of Medan

As a developing city, Medan carries out a significant role in establishing the identity and image of the city and the development of the surrounding cities and districts. One effort to establish the identity and image of the city can be created through the existence of city gates that can produce a plot, rhythm, and balance for the city bounded. The gate of Medan City has not succeeded in becoming a city gate that meets the needs needed by migrants who pass through the city gate area. This study will address the problems discovered at the Medan City gate in Binjai, Tanjung Morawa, Tembung, and Pancur Batu and relate them to the rejuvenation of the city area through revitalization methods in supporting Metropolitan Mebidangro. The research aims to analyze predetermined variables, namely elements of the city image, namely path, edge, district, nodes, and landmark. For this reason, a qualitative descriptive study was carried out, which was realized through observation and interviews and also documentation studies. The results of the research obtained from this study can be used as a reference and solution to find out the problems that exist int the area around Medan City gate and also give functional supports to develop the area around Medan City.
QUANTITATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND TERMICIDAL ACTIVITIES OF EUPHORBIA TIRUCALLI L. EXTRACTS ON DANIELLIA OLIVERI (ROLFE) HUTCH. AND DALZIEL AND FICUS CAPENSIS THUNB. WOODS

This study investigated effect of Euphorbia tirucalli extracts on Daniellia oliveri and Ficus capensis woods. Wood samples were purchased and processed into 10 cm x 2 cm x 2 cm dimensions, while plant parts collected were oven dried before extraction. E. tirucalli was screened for phytochemicals. Concentrations of 0.5%, 1% and 2% extracts were prepared by serial dilution. Soligum, methanol and untreated wood samples were used as control. Treated wood samples were laid within 6 x 12 metres field at 1 x 3 metres spacing in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in a termitarium and data were taken within 8 weeks. Phytochemical results indicated the presence of alkaloids, phenols, tannins, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids and saponins. Percentage absorption of extracts ranged from 47 - 86 % and 94.00 - 50.67 % in D. oliveri and F. capensis, respectively. Percentage retention of extracts ranged from 10.84 - 2.14 kg/m3 and 11.62 - 7.01 kg/m3 in D. oliveri and F. capensis. Soligum treated wood samples were not attacked throughout the period of study. D. oliveri and F. capensis woods treated with 0.5% E. tirucalli methanol extract were not attached on till the 6th and 8th week respectively. The least percentage weight loss of 5.49 % and 28.32 % were recorded for D. oliveri and F. capensis woods treated with soligum, while, 27.5 5 % and 52.50 % weight loss were recorded for F. capensis and D. oliveri woods treated with 0.5% methanol extract. It was concluded that the use o
Low predictability of energy balance traits and leaf temperature metrics in desert, montane and alpine plant communities

1. Leaf energy balance may influence plant performance and community compo -sition. While biophysical theory can link leaf energy balance to many traits and environment variables, predicting leaf temperature and key driver traits with incomplete parameterizations remains challenging. Predicting thermal offsets ( δ , T leaf − T air difference) or thermal coupling strengths ( β , T leaf vs. T air slope) is challenging. 2. We ask: (a) whether environmental
Risk Factors for Occupational Transmission of Tuberculosis among Healthcare Workers in Zambia

Healthcare workers (HCWs) play a critical role in the management and control of nosocomial transmission of tuberculosis (TB). At the same time, working in TB healthcare facilities such as hospital wards, diagnostic and treatment facilities increases the risk of acquiring TB due to occupational exposure in HCWs. The risk is further heightened in high TB prevalence populations, such as Zambia, as HCWs are exposed both occupationally and in the community. This review aims to provide a better understanding of the risk factors associated with occupational transmission of TB in HCWs in Zambia, by synthesising available data on TB in HCWs in Zambia and the surrounding region. A search of peer reviewed original research on the transmission of TB among HCWs in Zambia was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar. Studies were eligible for inclusion in the analysis if they described TB amongst HCWs in Zambia, risk factors for TB in HCWs, and nosocomial transmission of TB in Zambia and the surrounding region. The prevalence of TB in HCWs has been demonstrated to be higher than that of the general population. Transmission of TB in healthcare facilities is driven by several factors centred on the lack of adherence to TB infection prevention and control (IPC) practices. Nosocomial transmission of TB in HCWs is further driven by Review Article Chisompola et al.; IJTDH, 41(11): 59-65, 2020; Article no.IJTDH. 60224 60 the HIV epidemic and the rise in lifestyle diseases such as diabetes mellitus. However, there is very scarce data on the association of diabetes mellitus and TB among HCWs in Zambia. Prolonged contact with TB patients on wards has been demonstrated to play a vital role in occupational transmission of TB amongst nurses in Zambia. To curb the transmission of TB in HCWs several measures will require implementation such as; administrative support, IPC training and annual TB and HIV screening for all HCWs.
Experimental Evolution of Pseudomonas syringae pathovar phaseolicola 1448A in the Non-host Plant Arabidopsis thaliana

Plants use their innate immune system to recognize conserved molecular elicitors of microbes to contain most microbial infections. Successful microbes may evolve to overcome resistance by suppressing the immune system or avoiding recognition. In plantpathogen systems, microbes that are not able to overcome the innate immune response are said to have non-host interactions. For example, in the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 the bacterial phytopathogen Pseudomonas syringae pathovar phaseolicola 1448A (Pph1448A) exhibits a non-host resistance response. Here, an experimental evolution approach was used to track the adaptation of Pph1448A to the non-host Arabidopsis. After 30 serial passages, population whole genome sequencing was used to identify candidate mutations linked with the early stages of Pph1448A’s adaptation to Arabdopsis. With continued passaging, mutations will likely continue to accumulate in Pph1448A that may, in future, be linked with a change in virulence.
Increased Angiopoietin Like Proteins 4 (ANGPTL4) Is Associated with Higher Concentration of LDL-Triglycerides in Type 2 Diabetes

Background/Aims: Diabetic dyslipidemia is typically characterized by an increase in plasma triglycerides (TG), a concomitant increase in small dense (sd) low density lipoprotein (LDL) and atherogenic LDL-TG. Angiopoietin like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) is well established regulators of plasma TG level through regulating the activity of lipoprotein lipase. Plasma level and association between ANGPTL4 and sdLDL or LDL-TG is not well established in human subjects. We aimed to examine the level of ANGPTL4 and investigate the association between ANGPTL4 with sdLDL-C and LDL-TG in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: 250 (M176/F 74) Japanese diabetic patients and 9 of healthy controls (Controls) were enrolled in this study. SdLDL-C and LDL-TG were measured by homogeneous assays. ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL4 protein levels were measured by ELISA. Results: As compared with Controls, plasma ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4, sdLDL-C and LDL-TG levels were increased in T2D. ANGPTL3 was not collated with sdLDL-C or LDL-TG. ANGPTL4 was positively correlated with HbA1c(r=0.15, p=0.019), TG(r=0.15, p=0.018)and LDL-TG(r=0.17,p=0.008), whereas ANGPTL4 was not collated with sdLDL-C. Furthermore, ANGPTL4 was also significantly associated with LDL-TG/LDL-C ratio (r=0.15, p=0.022) and LDL-TG/apoB ratio (r=0.18, p=0.009). Conclusions: The ANGPTL4 level was increased in T2D and associated with atherogenic higher LDL-TG levels. ANGPTL4 may play a role in modulating lipid metabolism in LDL particles. Disclosure H. Nagaike: None. T. Hayashi: None. N. Nakanishi: None. M. Ohara: None. T. Yamamoto: None. T. Fukui: None. T. Hirano: Speaker9s Bureau; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc., AstraZeneca.
Weed Competition in Organic and No-Till Conventional Soils under Nonlimiting Nutrient Conditions

Abstract Some well-managed organic soils are known to have higher crop yield potential than conventionally managed soils due to the greater soil quality and the ability to tolerate weed competition. However, low available soil mineral N and P in some organic systems may mask such soil quality–related benefits. We hypothesize that when plant-available N and P are not limiting, tillage-based highly diverse organic crop rotations have less yield loss (better crop tolerance) due to weed competition and higher crop yields than no-till conventional systems with low-diversity rotations. A greenhouse study was carried out in Saskatoon, Canada, using long-term (18-yr) organically managed soils (ORG) and no-till conventional soils (CONV) with three crop rotation diversities (LOW, MEDIUM, and HIGH) to compare the crop tolerance to weed competition under standard soil nutrient management conditions and under excess supply of mineral N and P. Under fertilized conditions, crop biomass increased by 50% and 69% in ORG and CONV systems, respectively. Weed biomass was similar between ORG and CONV systems under nonfertilized conditions but was 14% greater in CONV when excessive N and P were supplied. Crop biomass loss (crop tolerance) was not different among cropping systems under excess fertilizer or under standard fertilizer levels. Even with greater weed biomass under fertilized conditions, the CONV system showed crop tolerance similar to that of the ORG system. Under nonfertilized conditions, the crop biomass yield was 43% lower in ORG compared with CONV, and even after mineral N and P were applied, ORG systems showed less (17%) crop biomass than CONV. Further, differences in crop tolerance were not identified among crop rotations under both fertilizer levels. Overall, this study revealed that there were no yield benefits or better crop tolerance to weed competition in organically managed soils compared with no-till conventional soils, even under nonlimiting soil macronutrient conditions.
Integrating thermal physiology within a syndrome: Locomotion, personality and habitat selection in an ectotherm

1. Physiology and temperature can both have a profound influence on behaviour and metabolism. Despite this, thermal physiology has rarely been considered within the animal personality framework, but could be an inherent mechanism maintaining consistent individual differences in behaviour, particularly in species that need to thermoregulate (i.e. ectotherms). 2. Here, we present evidence for a thermal-behavioural syndrome and detail how it is linked to variation in habitat selection in an Australian lizard, the delicate skink, Lampropholis delicata. 3. We predicted that individuals would occur along a cold-hot continuum – analogues to the slow-fast continuum proposed by the pace-of-life hypothesis - whereby an individual’s placement along a thermal physiological axis will correspond with their placement along a personality axis. We first tested the thermal-behavioural syndrome by measuring the thermal preferences and optimal performance temperature of individual skinks and linking it to their activity, exploratory, social and boldness behaviours. 4. In line with our predictions, we found that individuals with a ‘hot’ thermal type performed optimally at higher temperatures, had faster sprint speeds and were more active, explorative and bold relative to ‘cold’ thermal types. 5. We then monitored each individual’s habitat selection within an artificial environment containing three microhabitats differing in their thermal characteristics. 6. We found that an individual’s thermal type mediated their use of habitat, in which ‘hot’ individuals utilised a hotter microhabitat more regularly than both ‘cold’ and ‘intermediate’ thermal types, suggesting that the thermal-behavioural syndrome could drive ecological niche partitioning in this species. 7. We envisage that the thermal-behavioural syndrome concept is likely to extend to other study systems, particularly to ectothermic organisms that rely heavily on behavioural thermoregulation to maintain optimal body temperature.
Is critical thinking happening? Testing content analysis schemes applied to MOOC discussion forums

Learners’ progress within computer‐supported collaborative learning environments is typically measured via analysis and interpretation of quantitative web interaction measures. However, the usefulness of these “proxies for learning” is questioned as they do not necessarily reflect critical thinking—an essential component of collaborative learning. Research indicates that pedagogical content analysis schemes have value in measuring critical discourse in small scale, formal, online learning environments, but research using these methods on high volume, informal, Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) forums is less common. The challenge in this setting is to develop valid and reliable indicators that operate successfully at scale. In this study, we test two established coding schemes used for the pedagogical content analysis of online discussions in a large‐scale review of MOOC comment data. Pedagogical Scores are derived from manual ratings applied to comments by raters and correlated with automatically derived linguistic and interaction indicators. Results show that the content analysis methods are reliable, and are very strongly correlated with each other, suggesting that their specific format is not significant in this setting. In addition, the methods are strongly associated with the relevant linguistic indicators of higher levels of learning and have weaker correlations with other linguistic and interaction metrics. This suggests promise for further research using Machine Learning techniques, with the goal of providing realistic feedback to instructors, learners, and learning designers.
Generalizability of Convolutional Encoder–Decoder Networks for Aerodynamic Flow-Field Prediction Across Geometric and Physical-Fluidic Variations

The generalizability of a convolutional encoder–decoder based model in predicting aerodynamic flow field across various flow regimes and geometric variation is assessed. A rich master dataset consisting of 11,000+ simulations including cambered, uncambered, thin, and thick airfoils simulated at varying angles of attack is generated. The various Mach and Reynolds number (Re) chosen allows analysis across compressible, incompressible, low, and high Re flow regimes. Multiple studies are carried out with the model trained on datasets that are categorized based on the aforementioned parameters. In each study, the loss of prediction accuracy by training the model on a larger dataset (generalizability), versus a smaller categorically sorted dataset, is evaluated. Largely disparate flow features across the Re range lead to a 25.56% loss, while the generalization across Mach range led to an average of 23.95% loss. However, flow-field changes induced due to geometric variation exhibited a better generalization potential, through an increased accuracy of 12.4%. The encoder–decoder architecture allows extraction of relevant geometric features from largely different geometries (geometric generalization) providing a better out-of-sample prediction accuracy in comparison to physics-based generalization. It is shown that, through user-informed choice of training data (removal of geometrically similar samples), computational costs incurred in generating training data can be reduced. This is important for the application of such methods in the design optimization of platforms and components that require the analysis of the fluid flows.
Belastungsbezogene Störungen in der Rehabilitation

Gegenüber der ICD-10 sind die komplexe posttraumatische Belastungsstörung sowie die anhaltende Trauerstörung in der ICD-11 hinzugekommen, und die Anpassungsstörung wurde neu konzeptualisiert. Diese Störungsbilder sind für die Rehabilitation relevant – als Hauptdiagnosen in der Psychosomatik und als Komorbidität in der somatischen Rehabilitation.
A new algorithm for estimating ground elevation and vegetation characteristics in coastal salt marshes from high‐resolution UAV‐based LiDAR point clouds

Salt marshes are transitional zones between ocean and land, which act as natural buffers against coastal hazards. The survival of salt marshes is governed by the rate of organic and inorganic deposition, which strongly depends on vegetation characteristics, such as height and density. Vegetation also favours the dissipation of wind waves and storm surges. For these reasons, an accurate description of both ground elevation and vegetation characteristics in salt marshes is critical for their management and conservation. For this purpose, airborne LiDAR (light detection and ranging) laser scanning has become an accessible and cost‐effective tool to map salt marshes quickly. However, the limited horizontal resolution (~1 m) of airborne‐derived point clouds prevents the direct extraction of ground elevation, vegetation height and vegetation density without the coupling with imagery datasets. Instead, due to the lower flight altitude, UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle)‐borne laser scanners provide point clouds with much higher resolution (~5 cm). Although methods for estimating ground level and vegetation characteristics from UAV LiDAR have been proposed for flat ground, we demonstrate that a sloping ground increases prediction errors. Here we derive a new formulation that improves the estimation by employing a correction based on a LiDAR‐derived estimate of local ground slope. Our method directly converts the 3D distribution of UAV LiDAR‐derived points into vegetation density and height, as well as ground elevation, without the support of additional datasets. The proposed formulation is calibrated by using measured density and height of Spartina alterniflora in a marsh in Sapelo Island, Georgia, USA, and successfully tested on an independent dataset. Our method produces high‐resolution (40 × 40 cm2) maps of ground elevation and vegetation characteristics, thus capturing the large gradients in the proximity of tidal creeks. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Possibilities of Using Kalman Filters in Indoor Localization

Kalman filters are a set of algorithms based on the idea of a filter described by Rudolf Emil Kalman in 1960. Kalman filters are used in various application domains, including localization, object tracking, and navigation. The text provides an overview and discussion of the possibilities of using Kalman filters in indoor localization. The problems of static localization and localization of dynamically moving objects are investigated, and corresponding stochastic models are created. Three algorithms for static localization and one algorithm for dynamic localization are described and demonstrated. All algorithms are implemented in the MATLAB software, and then their performance is tested on Bluetooth Low Energy data from a real indoor environment. The results show that by using Kalman filters, the mean localization error of two meters can be achieved, which is one meter less than in the case of using the standard fingerprinting technique. In general, the presented principles of Kalman filters are applicable in connection with various technologies and data of various nature.