Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beyond toxicity

For early stage breast cancer, treatment decisions frequently center on maximizing treatment effectiveness in terms of survival or cure. However, through advances in early detection and treatment, the risk of recurrence for many patients can be reduced to the point that some treatment options are of only marginal benefit. Patients and clinicians may be faced with complex decisions in which a small reduction in recurrence risk must be weighed against likely short-term toxicities and the potential for rare but serious longterm risks. Database-driven models and genetic predictors of recurrence risk are designed to inform such decision making; however, frequently, difficult choices remain. Because the majority of patients will experience long-term survival after a breast cancer diagnosis, increased attention is focused appropriately on the full spectrum of challenges faced by patients after the initial stages of treatment. In this context, an important area for consideration is the impact of treatment choices on the patient’s ability to continue employment after diagnosis of breast cancer. Although prospective clinical trials frequently include assessment of quality of life, in addition to direct measures of efficacy and toxicity, and most tools take ability to work and degree of difficulty at work into account, to our knowledge few directly address actual changes in employment status. In this issue of Cancer, Hassett et al add to an important literature that examines the association between treatment for breast cancer and employment. On the basis of identifying adult women aged 63 years with incident cases of invasive breast cancer in the Medstat MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Research Database, they evaluated changes in employment status during the 12 months after diagnosis and examined the demographic, disease-related, and treatment-related factors that correlated with employment changes. Specifically, they observed an association between treatment type (chemotherapy) and employment disruption and demonstrated that older women in this cohort, particularly those ages 58 years to 63 years, were more likely to experience an employment change than younger women.
Gemcitabine and paclitaxel every 2 weeks in patients with previously untreated urothelial carcinoma

Patients with urothelial carcinoma are not always amenable to cisplatin‐based chemotherapy. The authors previously reported that they achieved a 60% response rate in patients who failed on cisplatin‐based combination chemotherapy (methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin) by using a convenient outpatient regimen of gemcitabine (G) and paclitaxel (P) every 2 weeks. A multicenter trial was initiated in 5 Italian centers to evaluate this regimen as first‐line chemotherapy.
M‐mode echocardiography study in growing Spanish mastiffs

The growth of the heart in proportion to body-weight was studied by M-mode echocardiography in 66 Spanish mastiffs aged from one to 12 months and from two to four years. Measurements of the right and left ventricular cavities, septal and parietal wall thicknesses, aorta, left atrium, D-E excursion of the mitral valve and distance between the maximum aperture of the mitral valve and the interventricular septum, were shown to have a curvilinear increase closely related to the development of bodyweight. Least squares regression analysis of the logarithmically transformed data provided the power-law equations relating each echocardiographic measurement to bodyweight. The exponential powers of bodyweight varied from 0.22 to 0.45. From the direct measurements the following cardiac indices were determined: ratio of right/left ventricular cavity, shortening fraction, percentage of septal and parietal wall thickness and ratio of aorta/left atrium. The highest coefficient of determination was for the right ventricular/left ventricular ratio.
Using an exercise program to improve activity tolerance in a female with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: A case report

ABSTRACT The incidence of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is estimated to be at least 500,000 in the United States and is most commonly found in premenopausal females. This syndrome shares clinical features with orthostatic hypotension (OH); however, the inclusion criteria and clinical features for POTS are not well known. The purposes of this case report are to: 1) describe the common clinical features of POTS and highlight the differences to orthostatic hypotension and 2) discuss physical therapy management of patients with POTS using exercise. A 34-year-old female with a POTS exacerbation completed a 4-week physical therapy endurance and strengthening ‘reconditioning’ program. Initial symptoms included the following: dyspnea with mild exertion, light-headedness, fatigue, leg “heaviness,” and the inability to perform normal work duties. One-mile track walk test (1-MWT) estimated VO2max improved from the 45–50th percentile to the 65–70th percentile at 8 weeks post-discharge. She returned to work full-time and resumed all previous fitness activities. The patient demonstrated clinically meaningful improvements in estimated VO2max after the “reconditioning” training. Physical therapists should be able to recognize the clinical features and inclusion criteria for POTS as part of a differential diagnosing process for patients complaining of orthostatic symptoms.
Multiple Nerve Damages Because of Occupational Risk Factors

Upper extremity problems due to working are frequently encountered. We presented a case of bilateral multiple nerve damages that were thought to be secondary to working and were evaluated to eliminate the probability of presence of other etiological factors. The patient was a press operator and he was performing elbow flexion and wrist extension against resistance at work. He had numbness in the first and second fingers of his right hand and pain in the forearm. His last EMG revealed right median nerve, left median and ulnar palsy, total denervation in the right radial nerve. The patient underwent an operation in the right cubital region. During the operation, compression was found to be due to soft tissue pressure; the radial nerve was released and the neighboring scar tissue was cleaned.
Carcinoma in situ of the testis: frequency and relationship to invasive germ cell tumours in infertile men

A light microscopical study on a total of 812 consecutive testicular biopsies from 555 infertile men revealed intratubular changes in germ cells compatible with a carcinoma in situ pattern in six oligospermic patients (1.1%); the changes were found in both testes in two of these men. Four of the six patients developed an invasive germ cell tumour within a follow‐up period of 1.3 to 4.5 years. The results confirm the malignant nature of these intratubular atypical germ cells. It is concluded that testicular biopsy may be useful for early detection and cure of germ cell carcinoma in patients at risk, i.e. patients with cryptorchidism, infertile men or patients with previous cancer of one testis.
Wnt antagonist gene polymorphisms and renal cancer

Epigenetic silencing of several wingless‐type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site (Wnt) pathway‐related genes has been reported in renal cancer. Except for the T‐cell factor 4 gene TCF4, there are no reports regarding Wnt pathway gene polymorphisms in renal cancer. Therefore, the authors of this report hypothesized that the polymorphisms in Wnt signaling genes may be risk factors for renal cancer.
CLINICAL COURSE OF INFLAMMATORY CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION ASSOCIATED WITH FOCAL CHOROIDAL EXCAVATION

Purpose: To report the clinical course of focal choroidal excavation associated with choroidal neovascularization in a case of choroidal inflammation. Methods: Case report. Results: A 41-year-old man presented with blurred vision and metamorphopsia in his left eye. Multimodal imaging including optical coherence tomography angiography showed nonconforming focal choroidal excavation in the setting of choroidal inflammation and the presence of choroidal neovascularization at the border of the excavation, nicely visualized by optical coherence tomography angiography. Pattern alteration from nonconforming to conforming focal choroidal excavation and choroidal neovascularization involution were observed after treatment with oral steroids. Conclusion: Multimodal imaging, including optical coherence tomography angiography, allowed to detect and monitor pattern focal choroidal excavation transformation and choroidal neovascularization reduction after treatment with oral steroids.
Rehabilitation of executive dysfunction: A controlled trial of an attention and problem solving treatment group

In this study, the effectiveness of a group-based attention and problem solving (APS) treatment approach to executive impairments in patients with frontal lobe lesions was investigated. Thirty participants with lesions in the frontal lobes, 16 with left frontal (LF) and 14 with right frontal (RF) lesions, were allocated into three groups, each with 10 participants. The APS treatment was initially compared to two other control conditions, an information/education (IE) approach and treatment-as-usual or traditional rehabilitation (TR), with each of the control groups subsequently receiving the APS intervention in a crossover design. This design allowed for an evaluation of the treatment through assessment before and after treatment and on follow up, six months later. There was an improvement on some executive and functional measures after the implementation of the APS programme in the three groups. Size, and to a lesser extent laterality, of lesion affected baseline performance on measures of executive function, but there was no apparent relationship between size, laterality or site of lesion and level of benefit from the treatment intervention. The results were discussed in terms of models of executive functioning and the effectiveness of domain specific interventions in the rehabilitation of executive dysfunction.
The scientific evidence for the management of prehypertensives and high risk group

The establishment of the concept of “prehypertension” has drawn attention to the preclinical range of blood pressure with clinical and public health significance. Prehypertensive individuals require lifestyle modifications (risk factor management) to prevent the progressive rise in blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Also, for those with hypertension, adoption of healthy lifestyles is an indispensable part of hypertension control, because lifestyle modifications enhance antihypertensive drug efficacy and prevent or delay the incidence of CVD. For the effective management of hypertension at the national level in Korea, evidence-based recommendations for lifestyle modification method and education programs are urgently needed. Thus, to obtain evidence-based data, intensive support from the government level is needed for further long-term follow-up studies and randomized clinical trials for high-risk groups and prehypertensives.
Decreasing cues for a dynamic list of noun and verb naming targets: A case-series aphasia therapy study

Errorless learning has had positive reports across both clinical and non-clinical domains. Within aphasia therapy studies, decreasing cue methods have been proposed as the optimal combination of low error and high effort. This study aimed to evaluate a modification to the decreasing cue method in which the set size of target nouns and verbs for training was extended dependant on participant progress in naming therapy. Four participants with word retrieval symptoms as part of their aphasia took part in a case-series study in which a decreasing cue hierarchy was applied to a dynamic list of noun and verb targets. An assessment probe at the start of each session determined how many new items were to be taken on in therapy, dependant on participant responsiveness to that point. All participants made significant improvements in naming accuracy for treated items from baseline and compared to control items. Two participants continued to take on new items which reflected consistent trajectories of improving naming accuracy, while two participants reached saturation points at which the frequency of errors in naming accuracy limited their set sizes. The varying trajectories of the participants were evaluated in relation to their baseline language and cognitive skills. Clinical implications from the findings and themes for further research were also considered.
Trends of Recent Food-Borne Disease Outbreaks in Korea

세계보건기구(World Health Organization, WHO)는 식중독(Food-borne disease)을“식품 또는 물의 섭취에 의해발생되었거나발생된것으로생각되는감염성또는독 소형질환”으로규정하고있다(1). 우리나라에서는 2003년 9월 식품위생법을 개정하면서 제2조 제10호에“식품의 섭 취로인하여인체에유해한미생물또는유독물질에의하여 발생하였거나 발생한 것으로 판단되는 감염성 또는 독소형 질환”으로 정의하였고, “2명 이상 집단으로 식중독을 일으 킨환자또는의심이있는자”를보고대상으로하여매년통 계를작성하고있다. 전세계적으로총250종이상의식중독원인이알려져있 으며 이 중 대부분이 병원체(세균, 바이러스, 기생충 등)이 며일부버섯독등의독소나화학물질들이그원인이된다. 이러한 식중독은 선진국과 개발도상국 모두에서 증가하 고있는데첫째, 식생활양식의변화및집단식사기회의증 가, 둘째, 지역간·국가간 교류의 증가로 인한 병원체 유입 최근 우리나라 식중독 발생 현황 고찰 Trends of Recent Food-Borne Disease Outbreaks in Korea
"Injection first": a unique group of injection drug users in Tijuana, Mexico.

Using baseline data from a study of injection drug users (IDUs) in Tijuana, Mexico (N = 1,052), we identified social and behavioral factors associated with injecting at the same age or earlier than other administration routes of illicit drug use (eg, "injection first") and examined whether this IDU subgroup had riskier drug using and sexual behaviors than other IDUs. Twelve-percent "injected first. " Characteristics independently associated with a higher odds of "injection first" included being younger at first injection, injecting heroin as their first drug, being alone at the first injection episode, and having a sexual debut at the same age or earlier as when they initiated drug use; family members' illicit drug use was associated with lower odds of injecting first. When adjusting for age at first injection and number of years injecting, "injection first" IDUs had lower odds of ever overdosing, and ever trading sex. On the other hand, they were less likely to have ever been enrolled in drug treatment, and more commonly obtained their syringes from potentially unsafe sources. In conclusion, a sizable proportion of IDUs in Tijuana injected as their first drug using experience, although evidence that this was a riskier subgroup of IDUs was inconclusive.
The potential of virtual reality-based training to enhance the functional autonomy of Alzheimer's disease patients in cooking activities: A single case study

ABSTRACT Impairments in performing activities of daily living occur early in the course of Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is a great need to develop non-pharmacological therapeutic interventions likely to reduce dependency in everyday activities in AD patients. This study investigated whether it was possible to increase autonomy in these patients in cooking activities using interventions based on errorless learning, vanishing-cue, and virtual reality techniques. We recruited a 79-year-old woman who met NINCDS-ADRDA criteria for probable AD. She was trained in four cooking tasks for four days per task, one hour per day, in virtual and in real conditions. Outcome measures included subjective data concerning the therapeutic intervention and the experience of virtual reality, repeated assessments of training activities, neuropsychological scores, and self-esteem and quality of life measures. The results indicated that our patient could relearn some cooking activities using virtual reality techniques. Transfer to real life was also observed. Improvement of the task performance remained stable over time. This case report supports the value of a non-immersive virtual kitchen to help people with AD to relearn cooking activities.
Relationships between risky sexual behaviour, dysexecutive problems, and mental health in the years following interdisciplinary TBI rehabilitation

ABSTRACT Little is known about the long-term consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI) regarding risky sexual behaviour. The objectives of the study were (1) to compare risky sexual behaviour in a sample of individuals with TBI having received interdisciplinary rehabilitation with that of healthy controls, and (2) to explore the relationships between risky sexual behaviour, executive functions, and mental health in individuals with TBI. The study group consisted of 42 individuals with TBI with a mean age of 37.9 years (SD = 9.7), 12.8 years of education (SD = 3.3), and 3.3 years post-injury (SD = 4.3). Healthy controls consisted of 47 participants, with a mean age of 37.6 years (SD = 10.7), and 13 years of education (SD = 3). Risky sexual behaviour was measured with the Sexual Risk Survey and executive function with the Dysexecutive Questionnaire. Mental health measures included the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale, and the Patient Health Questionnaire for depression. Compared to healthy controls, individuals with TBI reported more dysexecutive and mental health problems, without differences in risky sexual behaviour. In individuals with TBI, risky sexual behaviour was associated with behavioural, cognitive and emotional dysexecutive problems, but not with anxiety or depression. It was concluded that special attention should be given to individuals with TBI showing difficulties in executive functions given their association with risky sexual behaviour.
Residents' knowledge of standard drink equivalents: implications for screening and brief intervention for at-risk alcohol use.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Screening and brief intervention for reducing alcohol consumption has been demonstrated to be effective in various medical settings. The NIAAA has recommended that physicians screen all patients for at-risk and problem drinking. Often, screening is based on the concept of a "standard drink. " METHODS We administered a survey to residents (N=270) in order to assess their knowledge of standard drink equivalents and quantities of alcohol in various sizes of bottles. RESULTS Although 89% of the responders stated that they had previously learned about screening for at-risk alcohol use, the majority did not know basic facts about standard drink equivalents. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Many trainees are not familiar with typical standard drink equivalents. This can have a significant impact on the screening of patients for problem drinking using screening tools that rely on standard drink equivalents.
Relationship of Forward Head Posture and Cervical Backward Bending to Neck Pain

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of forward head posture and cervical backward bending to neck pain. The subjects were fifty-four volunteer office workers, who spent at least four hours of their work day at a computer terminal (17 males and 37 females). Since all subjects reported having pain, the subjects who reported pain in four areas or more were considered the case group and those who reported pain in three areas or less were considered the control group. Measurements of forward head posture and cervical backward bending in both the natural sitting position and the erect sitting position were recorded by the Cervical Range of Motion Instrument (CROM). The results showed that compared to the control group, the case group subjects had more pain over the past thirty days, visited medical professionals more frequently during the past twelve months, and when describing a typical day reported greater pain. Additionally, members of the case group had greater forward head.
Investigating the association between strategic and pathological gambling behaviors and substance use in youth: could religious faith play a differential role?

OBJECTIVES This study investigated the link between gambling behaviors and the use of alcohol, drugs, and nonprescribed prescription medications, while exploring the moderating role of distinct religious faiths. METHODS In 2010, 570 students from the American University of Beirut completed a self-reported, anonymous English questionnaire, which included lifetime gambling and past-year substance use measures. RESULTS Half (55%) were lifetime gamblers, of whom, 12% were probable pathological gamblers. About 60% were strategic gamblers. Lifetime gamblers were more than twice as likely as nongamblers to report past-year illegal drug use and alcohol abuse. Probable pathological gamblers were also more than four times as likely as nongamblers to report nonmedical prescription drug use, illegal drug use, and alcohol abuse. Compared to nonstrategic gamblers, strategic gamblers had more than three times the odds of illegal drug and cigarette use. The link between alcohol abuse and gambling was stronger among Christians than Muslims. Conversely, Muslims were more likely to report the co-occurrence of various gambling behaviors (lifetime, probable pathological, and strategic gambling) with both illegal drug use and cigarette use. CONCLUSIONS Gambling and substance use behaviors were strongly linked in this sample of youth from Lebanon, corroborating the evidence from North America. Particularly novel are the co-occurrence of pathological gambling and nonmedical prescription drug use and the potential differential role of religion. (Am J Addict 2014;23:280-287).
Strength and Conditioning for Reality Fighting

John Amtmann, EdD Montana TechUniversity of MontanaButte, MontanaSteve BerryWest Side Judo & Vale Tudo ClubButte, MontanaKeywords: Reality ﬁghting; ultimate ﬁghting; mixed martial arts; strength training. © National Strength & Conditioning AssociationVolume 25, Number 2, pages 67–72REALITY FIGHTING, OR MIXEDmartial arts (MMA), is a sport thatbrings together numerous talentedcombat athletes from a variety ofbackgrounds. Strength and condi-tioning professionals should beaware of this newly evolved sportand should closely analyze thesport before developing a strengthand conditioning strategy for ath-letes with inquiries on effectiveprograms. One well-known au-thority has recommended that allﬁghters seek out qualiﬁed individ-uals to consult with regardingstrength training for this sport(12). Here, we provide some basicbackground information, list somecommon injuries and strength andconditioning prescription princi-ples, and provide some strengthand conditioning recommenda-tions for coaches and athletes.
Health and social harms associated with crystal methamphetamine use among street-involved youth in a Canadian setting.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Despite recent increases in crystal methamphetamine use among high-risk populations such as street-involved youth, few prospective studies have examined the health and social outcomes associated with active crystal methamphetamine use. METHODS We enrolled 1,019 street-involved youth in Vancouver, Canada, in a prospective cohort known as the at-risk youth study (ARYS). Participants were assessed semi-annually and a generalized estimating equation (GEE) logistic regression was used to identify factors independently associated with active crystal methamphetamine use. RESULTS Among 1,019 participants recruited into ARYS between 2005 and 2012 the median follow up duration was 17 months, 320 (31.4%) participants were female and 454 (44.6%) had previously used crystal methamphetamine at baseline. In adjusted GEE analyses, active crystal methamphetamine use was independently associated with Caucasian ethnicity (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.37; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-1.81), homelessness (AOR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.15-1.56), injection drug use (AOR = 3.40; 95% CI: 2.76-4.19), non-fatal overdose (AOR = 1.46; 95%CI: 1.07-2.00), being a victim of violence (AOR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.02-1.38), involvement in sex work (AOR = 1.39; 95% CI: 1.03-1.86), and drug dealing (AOR = 1.60; 95% CI: 1.35-1.90). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of crystal methamphetamine use was high in this setting and active use was independently associated with a range of serious health and social harms. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Evidence-based strategies to prevent and treat crystal methamphetamine use are urgently needed.