Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Visualization of Active Polysynaptic Circuits With Longitudinal Manganese-Enhanced MRI (MEMRI)

Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) is a powerful tool for in vivo non-invasive whole-brain mapping of neuronal activity. Mn2+ enters active neurons via voltage-gated calcium channels and increases local contrast in T1-weighted images. Given the property of Mn2+ of axonal transport, this technique can also be used for tract tracing after local administration of the contrast agent. However, MEMRI is still not widely employed in basic research due to the lack of a complete description of the Mn2+ dynamics in the brain. Here, we sought to investigate how the activity state of neurons modulates interneuronal Mn2+ transport. To this end, we injected mice with low dose MnCl2 2. (i.p., 20 mg/kg; repeatedly for 8 days) followed by two MEMRI scans at an interval of 1 week without further MnCl2 injections. We assessed changes in T1 contrast intensity before (scan 1) and after (scan 2) partial sensory deprivation (unilateral whisker trimming), while keeping the animals in a sensory enriched environment. After correcting for the general decay in Mn2+ content, whole brain analysis revealed a single cluster with higher signal in scan 1 compared to scan 2: the left barrel cortex corresponding to the right untrimmed whiskers. In the inverse contrast (scan 2 > scan 1), a number of brain structures, including many efferents of the left barrel cortex were observed. These results suggest that continuous neuronal activity elicited by ongoing sensory stimulation accelerates Mn2+ transport from the uptake site to its projection terminals, while the blockage of sensory-input and the resulting decrease in neuronal activity attenuates Mn2+ transport. The description of this critical property of Mn2+ dynamics in the brain allows a better understanding of MEMRI functional mechanisms, which will lead to more carefully designed experiments and clearer interpretation of the results.
La vulnerabilidad, una anfisbena

Mientras que ‘vulnerabilidad’ viene del verbo latino vulnerare, ‘herir’, de vulnus, (-eris) herida,2 ‘anfisbena’ (lat. amphisbaena) se compone de dos etimos griegos, αμφιζ, por ambos lados y βαινeιν, andar, y el termino denota un “reptil que puede ir hacia adelante y hacia atras”. 3 En el epigrafe, la descripcion de Plinio el Viejo “doble cabeza de la anfisbena, esto es, y en la cola, como si fuese demasiado poco el veneno del fondo de una boca. ” No obstante, el trabajo no versara sobre zoologia fantastica, intentare hacer una diseccion –acaso burda– de la vulnerabilidad, de sus efectos y de su doble cabeza; para que los medicos en general y los cirujanos en particular hagamos un alto en el camino a pesar del “vertiginoso” avance de la cirugia (o precisamente debido a el) con el objeto de salir del vertigo, sedimentar el polvo, reposar la cabeza y reflexionar. Si bien hay aspectos eticos importantes y pendientes de analizar respecto de la alta tecnologia de la cirugia y del mal –el nocere – que con ella podemos causar, no tratare en este trabajo la tecnologia per se, sino el hecho de que al vulnerar a los pacientes nos vulneramos. La vulnerabilidad es una anfisbena, porque en la medida en que el cirujano vulnera a sus pacientes, en el largo plazo se hace vulnerable. Tratare entonces [1] algunas de las causas de la vulnerabilidad del enfermo, las que tienen que ver con su manera de razonar los problemas; [2] a continuacion del analfabetismo del paciente frente al alfabetismo del cirujano, [3] de las decisiones que tomamos medicos y pacientes y como lo hacemos con base en nuestras representaciones mentales, influidos por factores del entorno, [4] de la vulnerabilidad que genera la manera de procesar la enfermedad, [5] de la disociacion medico– paciente que surge de ese proceso, [6] de los mecanismos de defensa que se echan a andar, [7] de la doble direccion nociva de la vulnerabilidad; [8] seguiran algunas reflexiones para una realidad compleja y [9] sobre la posibilidad de un recondicionamiento racional. Espero que esta reflexion haga ver la Medicina menos como una practica de defensa y mas como un aplicar del conocimiento de la ciencia sin danar a quien ya es vulnerable, el enfermo, ni a quien puede situarse en condicion de vulnerabilidad, el cirujano.
Read the Silence: Well-Timed Recommendation via Admixture Marked Point Processes

Everything has its time, which is also true in the point-of-interest (POI) recommendation task. A truly intelligent recommender system, even if you don't visit any sites or remain silent, should draw hints of your next destination from the ``silence", and revise its recommendations as needed. In this paper, we construct a well-timed POI recommender system that updates its recommendations in accordance with the silence, the temporal period in which no visits are made. To achieve this, we propose a novel probabilistic model to predict the joint probabilities of the user visiting POIs and their time-points, by using the admixture or mixed-membership structure to extend marked point processes. With the admixture structure, the proposed model obtains a low dimensional representation for each user, leading to robust recommendation against sparse observations. We also develop an efficient and easy-to-implement estimation algorithm for the proposed model based on collapsed Gibbs and slice sampling. We apply the proposed model to synthetic and real-world check-in data, and show that it performs well in the well-timed recommendation task.
The effect of symmetry on resonant and nonresonant photoresponses in a field-effect terahertz detector

The effect of the symmetries in the terahertz (THz) field distribution and the field-effect channel on THz photoresponse is examined. Resonant excitation of cavity plasmon modes and nonresonant self-mixing of THz waves are demonstrated in a GaN/AlGaN two-dimensional electron gas with symmetrically designed nanogates, antennas, and filters. We found that the self-mixing signal can be effectively suppressed by the symmetric design and the resonant response benefits from the residual asymmetry. The findings suggest that a single detector may provide both high sensitivity from the self-mixing mechanism and spectral resolution from the resonant response by optimizing the degree of geometrical and/or electronic symmetries.
The role of 3D printing in treating craniomaxillofacial congenital anomalies

Craniomaxillofacial congenital anomalies comprise approximately one third of all congenital birth defects and include deformities such as alveolar clefts, craniosynostosis, and microtia. Current surgical treatments commonly require the use of autogenous graft material which are difficult to shape, limited in supply, associated with donor site morbidity and cannot grow with a maturing skeleton. Our group has demonstrated that 3D printed bio‐ceramic scaffolds can generate vascularized bone within large, critical‐sized defects (defects too large to heal spontaneously) of the craniomaxillofacial skeleton. Furthermore, these scaffolds are also able to function as a delivery vehicle for a new osteogenic agent with a well‐established safety profile. The same 3D printers and imaging software platforms have been leveraged by our team to create sterilizable patient‐specific intraoperative models for craniofacial reconstruction. For microtia repair, the current standard of care surgical guide is a two‐dimensional drawing taken from the contralateral ear. Our laboratory has used 3D printers and open source software platforms to design personalized microtia surgical models. In this review, we report on the advancements in tissue engineering principles, digital imaging software platforms and 3D printing that have culminated in the application of this technology to repair large bone defects in skeletally immature transitional models and provide in‐house manufactured, sterilizable patient‐specific models for craniofacial reconstruction.
Automatic Patch Generation for Control Hijacking Attacks

With the number of solutions proposed to provide an adequate protection against overflow attacks, integer overflow still pose a significant threat to security and availability of today’s computing environments. Most of the existing solutions terminate the vulnerable program when the overflow occurs, rendering the program unavailable and leading to denial of service. The impact on system availability is a serious problem on service orientated platforms. We will provide a solution that will automatically diagnose and patch any suspicious integer input that will lead to overflowing the values and causing further threats to possible buffer overflow in the system. The key idea of our solution is to virtualized memory accesses and moves the vulnerable buffer into protected memory regions, which provides a fundamental and effective protection against recurrence of the same attack without stopping the normal system execution.
Performance Improvement of Image Enhancement Methods Using Statistical Moving Average Histogram Modification Filter

Most of the histogram equalization (HE) based image contrast enhancement methods are having a common problem that they over enhanced the highly frequent grey levels whereas less frequent grey levels are comparatively less enhanced. The reason behind this is that in most of the contrast enhancement methods (based on HE) the histogram transformation function is directly proportional to the frequency of occurrence of grey level in the image. This motivates us to design a tool to solve this problem. We propose a histogram modification filter based on moving average to deal with the above-mentioned problem. This filter works as a pre-processing step for most of the conventional HE based methods. Experimental results show that the proposed filter is able to enhance the performance of most of the conventional HE based methods. We have also designed a tool the implements all these methods, this tool is tested for real time video's frame enhancement.
Unsupervised Large Graph Embedding

There are many successful spectral based unsupervised dimensionality reduction methods, including Laplacian Eigenmap (LE), Locality Preserving Projection (LPP), Spectral Regression (SR), etc. LPP and SR are two different linear spectral based methods, however, we discover that LPP and SR are equivalent, if the symmetric similarity matrix is doubly stochastic, Positive Semi-Definite (PSD) and with rank p, where p is the reduced dimension. The discovery promotes us to seek low-rank and doubly stochastic similarity matrix, we then propose an unsupervised linear dimensionality reduction method, called Unsupervised Large Graph Embedding (ULGE). ULGE starts with similar idea as LPP, it adopts an efficient approach to construct similarity matrix and then performs spectral analysis efficiently, the computational complexity can reduce to O(ndm), which is a significant improvement compared to conventional spectral based methods which need O(n^2d) at least, where n, d and m are the number of samples, dimensions and anchors, respectively. Extensive experiments on several public available data sets demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Trauma patients are safe to fly 72 hours after tube thoracostomy removal

BACKGROUND Current recommendations for safe air travel following traumatic pneumothorax are 2 to 3 weeks after radiographic resolution. These recommendations are based on several small observational studies and expert consensus, which cite a theoretical risk of recurrence and hypoxia because of decreased oxygen tension at altitude. We sought to systematically study the timing of chest drain removal after traumatic pneumothorax and risk of recurrence in relation to air travel. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of consecutively admitted patients who sustained a traumatic chest injury treated with tube thoracostomy over a 5-year period was undertaken. Adult patients with a postremoval expiratory chest x-ray demonstrating absence of pneumothorax and at least a 24-hour observation period before flight were eligible for study. All patients were transferred to a participating medical center for continued care. In-flight medical monitoring was available for all patients. Baseline patient characteristics, interval period from drain removal to flight, in-flight medical records, and incidence of radiographic or clinical recurrence of pneumothorax at the destination facility were recorded. RESULTS Seventy-three patients who met the inclusion criteria were studied. All were male with a median age of 24 years (interquartile range [IQR], 22–26 years), injury severity score of 30 (IQR, 24–38), and chest abbreviated injury scale value of 3 (IQR, 2–4). The majority of patients sustained a penetrating injury (74%). The median duration of tube thoracostomy was 4 days (IQR, 3–6 days). The median period between thoracostomy tube removal and flight was 2.5 days (IQR, 1.5–4 days). Twenty-nine patients (40%) remained mechanically ventilated during transport. There were no reported in-flight medical emergencies for the entire cohort. There were no reported postflight radiographic or clinical recurrences during the subsequent 30 days. CONCLUSIONS After a 72-hour period of observation, air travel after tube thoracostomy removal appears safe for both mechanically ventilated and nonventilated patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic, level IV.
Layer-by-Layer Heparinization of the Cell Surface by Using Heparin-Binding Peptide Functionalized Human Serum Albumin

Layer-by-layer heparinization of therapeutic cells prior to transplantation is an effective way to inhibit the instant blood-mediated inflammatory reactions (IBMIRs), which are the major cause of early cell graft loss during post-transplantation. Here, a conjugate of heparin-binding peptide (HBP) and human serum albumin (HSA), HBP-HSA, was synthesized by using heterobifunctional crosslinker. After the first heparin layer was coated on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by means of the HBP-polyethylene glycol-phospholipid conjugate, HBP-HSA and heparin were then applied to the cell surface sequentially to form multiple layers. The immobilization and retention of heparin were analyzed by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry, respectively, and the cytotoxity of HBP-HSA was further evaluated by cell viability assay. Results indicated that heparin was successfully introduced to the cell surface in a layer-by-layer way and retained for at least 24 h, while the cytotoxity of HBP-HSA was negligible at the working concentration. Accordingly, this conjugate provides a promising method for co-immobilization of heparin and HSA to the cell surface under physiological conditions with improved biocompatibility.
Physiological and Biochemical Changes to Low Doses of Cadmium in Two Varieties of Oryza sativa L . of Odisha , India

Cadmium (Cd) is considered to be a non-essential heavy metal which have a significant impact on plants. Effect of cadmium on physiological as well as biochemical activities of two rice plants (var.– Udaygiri and var. Jagabandhu) were studied. The germination percentage of var. Udaygiri was 88.89 % at concentration 20 μM, 26.67% in 400 μM and that of var. Jagabandhu was 85.55 % in 20 μM, 21.11 % in 400 μM after four days of Cd treatment. The total chlorophyll content of var. Udaygiri and var. Jagabandhu at 400 μM was 248. 44μg/g , 167. 75μg/g respectively. Carotenoid content of var. Udaygiri and var. Jagabandhu at 400 μM was 98. 93μg/g , 103.89 μg/g respectively. Starch content for both var. Udaygiri and var. Jagabandhu was found to be 14. 84μg/g, 9. 68μg/g respectively at 400 μM. The total sugar content at 400 μM was 3.01 μg/g and 2.26 μg/g for var. Udaygiri and var. Jagabandhu respectively. The proline content increased upon exposure to 20 μM to 400 μM cadmium. The above result revealed that increased Cd concentration in the medium showed decreased germination rate, photosynthetic activity, total sugar, starch, but there was an increase in the proline content at different time intervals (7-21 days). Keyword : Cadmium, carotenoid, chlorophyll, heavy metal, proline
The Effects of Integrated Marketing Communicationson Brand Equity of Authorized Automotives Companies in Indonesia

The aim of the research was to examine the effect of integrated marketing communicationson brand equity at authorized automotive companies in Indonesia. In this research, the integrated marketing communicationsconsist ofthe dimensions are personal communications,advertising, sales promotions, publicity & purel, instructional material, and corporate design. Meanwhile, the brand equity consist of the dimensions areband awareness, brand loyalty, perceived quality, andbrand association.Research methods used for this research were descriptive analysis which was usedfor qualitative variable, andverificative analysis consisted of hypothesis test byusing statistical tests for causalities things. The analytical tool that being used is descriptive analysis for variables that are qualitative and verificative as hypothesismeasurement by using statistic test analysis tools name structural equation model with Lisrel. The analytical units consist of the customers as new car buyers of the automotive authorized companies in Indonesia. The numbers of population are 1.278. 431 customers and using slovin formula that the numbers of samples are 400 respondents with random sampling techniques. Integrated marketingcommunications andbrand equityof the automotive authorized companies in general shows at good condition.The dominant dimensionsof integrated marketing communications issales promotion.The dominant dimensionsofbrand equityisperceived quality.Integrated marketing communications significantly influence on the brand equity.
Encapsulation and Characterization of Gentamicin Sulfate in the Collagen Added Electrospun Nanofibers for Skin Regeneration

In the current practice, the clinical use of conventional skin substitutes such as autogenous skin grafts have shown several problems, mainly with respect to limited sources and donor site morbidity. In order to overcome these limitations, the use of smart synthetic biomaterials is tremendously diffusing as skin substitutes. Indeed, engineered skin grafts or analogues frequently play an important role in the treatment of chronic skin wounds, by supporting the regeneration of newly formed tissue, and at the same time preventing infections during the long-term treatment. In this context, natural proteins such as collagen—natively present in the skin tissue—embedded in synthetic polymers (i.e., PCL) allow the development of micro-structured matrices able to mimic the functions and to structure of the surrounding extracellular matrix. Moreover, the encapsulation of drugs, such as gentamicin sulfate, also improves the bioactivity of nanofibers, due to the efficient loading and a controlled drug release towards the site of interest. Herein, we have done a preliminary investigation on the capability of gentamicin sulfate, loaded into collagen-added nanofibers, for the controlled release in local infection treatments. Experimental studies have demonstrated that collagen added fibers can be efficaciously used to administrate gentamicin for 72 h without any toxic in vitro response, thus emerging as a valid candidate for the therapeutic treatment of infected wounds.
The Process of Successful Ageing

Abstract As increasingly more people experience old age as a time of growth and productivity, theoretical attention to successful ageing is needed. In this paper, we overview historical, societal and philosophical evidence for a deep, long-standing ambivalence about human ageing that has influenced even scientific views of old age. In recent years, however, discussion of the psychological and behavioural processes people use to maintain and reach new goals in late life has gained momentum. We contribute to this discussion the metamodel of selective optimisation with compensation, developed by Baltes and Baltes. The model is a metamodel that attempts to represent scientific knowledge about the nature of development and ageing with the focus on successful adaptation. The model takes gains and losses jointly into account, pays attention to the great heterogeneity in ageing and successful ageing, and views successful mastery of goals in the face of losses endemic to advanced age as the result of the interplay of the three processes, selection, compensation, and optimisation. We review evidence from the biological and social science literatures for each component and discuss new research avenues to study the interaction of the three processes.
Thymol, thyme, and other plant sources: Health and potential uses

Thymol is a naturally occurring phenol monoterpene derivative of cymene and isomer of carvacrol. Thymol (10–64%) is one of the major constituent of essential oils of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L., Lamiaceae), a medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties. This plant, native to Mediterranean regions, is commonly used as a culinary herb and also with a long history of use for different medicinal purposes. Nowadays, thymol and thyme present a wide range of functional possibilities in pharmacy, food, and cosmetic industry. The interest in the formulation of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmeceuticals based on thymol is due to several studies that have evaluated the potential therapeutic uses of this compound for the treatment of disorders affecting the respiratory, nervous, and cardiovascular systems. Moreover, this compound also exhibits antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticarcinogenesis, anti‐inflammatory, and antispasmodic activities, as well as a potential as a growth enhancer and immunomodulator. In the present review, these bioactivities have been covered because some of them can contribute to explain the ethnopharmacology of thymol and its main source, T. vulgaris. Other important aspects about thymol are discussed: its toxicity and bioavailability, metabolism, and distribution in animals and humans.
DM with Big Data and Cluster Based-Collaborative Filtering

: Big data deals with large volume of complex growing data set with multiple autonomous sources. With the growing technologies, data storage and data collection capacity goes increases day-by-day, big data are now rapidly expanding in all fields. It tends to increase services on internet. So, the service relevant data become too vast to process by traditional approaches. In the view of these challenges, this survey paper presents HACE theorem, which characterize big data features and Collaborative filtering techniques used in recommender systems. Recommender system is an application deals with information overloaded, used to recommend items to the user.
An Enhanced and Dynamic Network Hardware Devices Security Using MAC Address Emmilly

Network hardware devices are currently becoming very expensive due to high market demand. As a result, they are at a great risk of theft. Securing or recovering a stolen or lost device is a great challenge in the modern world . Every networked computer device has a Network Interface Card (NIC). An NIC has a unique identifier code prominently known as the (media access control) MAC address that uniquely identifies the device under use over the network. It is therefore possible to use a MAC address as a security measure for devices that can operate within a network. Using a database system, users (network security managers) can identify the computer owners using their computer MAC and in case of a reported theft occurrence, it is possible to identify and locate the device. This work therefore, specifically focuses on how to track lost network devices that are still under operation using their MAC addresses.