Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Examining How Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status, Geographic Accessibility, and Informational Accessibility Influence the Uptake of a Free Population-Level Physical Activity Intervention for Children

Purpose: To evaluate the uptake of ACT-i-Pass (G5AP), a physical activity (PA) intervention that provides free access to PA opportunities, and to understand the extent to which the intervention provides equitable access to children. Design: This study evaluates the differences in uptake (ie, enrollment) by comparing postal codes of registrants with the postal codes of all eligible children. Setting: Children were provided the opportunity to register for the G5AP during the 2014 to 2015 school year in London, Canada. Participants: The population of grade 5 students in London who registered for the G5AP (n = 1484) and did not register (n = 1589). Intervention: The G5AP offered grade 5 students free access to select PA facilities/programs during 2014 to 2015 school year. Measures: Measures included G5AP registration status, method of recruitment, distance between home and the nearest facility, and neighborhood socioeconomic status. Analysis: Getis-Ord Gi* and multilevel logistic regression were used to analyze these data. Results: There were significant differences in the uptake of the G5AP: residing in neighborhoods of high income (odds ratio [OR] = 1.062, P = .029) and high proportion of recent immigrants (OR = 1.036, P = .001) increased the likelihood of G5AP registration. Children who were recruited actively were significantly more likely to register for the G5AP (OR = 2.444, P < .001). Conclusion: To increase the uptake of a PA intervention, children need to be actively recruited. Interactive presentations provide children with increased access to information about both the program and its nuances that cannot be communicated as effectively through passive methods.
A new WSS-based optical network architecture for data center networks

WSS (wavelength selective switching) has become the preferred technology for constructing hybrid electronic/optical data center networks, in which bursty data are sent through an electronic packet network and bulk data are sent through an optical circuit network. In this paper we develop theory and methods that can make such a distributed WSS network nonblocking.
Toward a full-scale neural machine translation in production: the Booking.com use case

While some remarkable progress has been made in neural machine translation (NMT) research, there have not been many reports on its development and evaluation in practice. This paper tries to fill this gap by presenting some of our findings from building an in-house travel domain NMT system in a large scale E-commerce setting. The three major topics that we cover are optimization and training (including different optimization strategies and corpus sizes), handling real-world content and evaluating results.
SALMONELLA SEROVARS FOUND IN ANIMALS AND FEEDING STUFFS IN 2001 AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE

The majority of Salmonella strains isolated in veterinary laboratories in Poland in 2001 originated from poultry (82%), swine (4%), and animal feeding stuffs (10%). Thirty-two serovars were observed among tested strains. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed the recent trends in Salmonella resistance. The increase in the number of resistant strains was observed. Multiresistance occurred mostly in Salmonella Typhimurium and to fewer extend in Salmonella Hadar and Salmonella Choleraesuis. Quinolone efficacy diminished due to high nalidixic acid resistance accompanied with intermediate susceptibility to enrofloxacin.
Web object information extraction based on generalized hidden Markov model

Due to the differences between Web page and plain text document, the concept of Web object is introduced in this paper. Besides, the supposed state transition and the emission symbol conditions are improved based on generalized hidden Markov model (GHMM), and a novel web objects information extraction method is proposed. Finally, through an example, it shows that the proposed method has a very high precision for Web objects information extraction.
The tyrosinase gene and oculocutaneous albinism type 1 (OCA1): A model for understanding the molecular biology of melanin formation.

Through the last century there has been a steady progression in our understanding of the biology of melanin biosynthesis. Much of this work includes the analysis of coat color mutations of the mouse and albinism in man. Our understanding has been greatly enhanced in the last 10 years, as the molecular pathogenesis of albinism has been better understood. Different mutations of the tyrosinase gene (TYR) , and their association with oculocutaneous albinism type 1 (OCA1) has provided insight into the biology of tyrosinase, including protein trafficking and structure/function analysis. Several questions still remain, including cryptic mutations that affect tyrosinase activity and the minimum amount of pigment required for normal optic development. The next 10 years should prove just as exciting as the last.
Applying Simulated Annealing For Optimal Operation of Multi-Reservoir Systems

The need to optimize the operation of water reservoirs is an issue that is becoming increasingly a concern for water resources planners in developing countries. This issue particularly becomes more significant in large systems with multiple reservoirs where operation of one reservoir has an impact on the others. In other word, the set of reservoirs in these systems act like a united series and require specific methods to handle various modeling issues. Problem statement: Sirvan River basin in west of Iran, standing in fifth order in respect of discharge, is an example of such a complex system. The project of water transfer from western tropical regions which is one of the large-scale projects in water resources management in Middle East, consists of a number of reservoirs and transfer systems. The matter of optimum operation of such a collection is one of the complicated and outstanding issues in water resources management. Approach: It was found that, due to increasing decision-making variables, conventional models used in optimizing water resources systems were not any longer capable of obtaining a desired solution, either because of low precision or time constraints. Hence, the intelligent random research approach "Simulated Annealing" has been used which in recent, decades has revealed appropriate results in solving major problems. Results: The results of this research indicate that the annealing approach is capable of solving such complex problems in water resources management with good precision in a reasonable period of time. Conclusions/Recommendations: The results were also compared with outputs of MODSIM which is a widely known model for solving complex water resources systems problems and benefits from "out of kilter" algorithm. The results indicate SA as a very robust and effective model in optimization of large real multi-reservoir systems.
The Easter Bunny in October: Is it Disguised as a Duck?

To study the influence of motivational expectancy on perception, the ambiguous drawing of a duck/rabbit was shown to 265 subjects on Easter and to 276 subjects in October. The ambiguous drawing, though perceived as a bird by a majority of subjects in October, was most frequently named a bunny on Easter. This biasing effect of expectancy upon perception was observed for young children (2 to 10 years) as well as for older subjects (11 to 93 years).
Tubulovesicular transcytotic pathway in rat biliary epithelium: A study in perfused liver and in isolated intrahepatic bile duct

Morphometric ultrastructural analysis of horseradish peroxidase–containing structures has been performed in vivo, in rat liver and, in vitro, in isolated bile ducts to determine whether a transcytotic vesicle pathway exists in biliary epithelial cells. In vivo, horseradish peroxidase (100 mg/kg body wt) was given by intraportal injection in normal rats (n = 15) or 1 hr after administration of 600 mg/kg valproic acid (n = 15). Ultrastructural morphometric analysis was conducted on livers between 1 and 40 min after horse‐radish peroxidase injection. In vitro, bile ducts were isolated on collagenase digestion, incubated in horseradish peroxidase for 3 min and prepared for electron microscopy immediately or after incubation for another 5, 10, 15 or 20 min in horseradish peroxidase–free medium at 37° C. In four experiments, colchicine (10−5 mol/L) or β‐Iumicolchicine (10−5 mol/L) was added to the culture medium 2 hr before horseradish peroxidase. In a separate series of experiments, 50 μmol/L taurocholic acid or 500 μmol/L ursodeoxycholic acid was added to the culture medium 12 min before horseradish peroxidase. The volume density (percent area) of horseradish peroxidase–containing structures was analyzed in the 1‐μm‐wide area of basolateral or apical cytoplasm. In vivo, horseradish peroxidase–containing structures maximally increased from the basolateral to the periluminal region over a 20‐min interval (percent area increased from 0.09 ± 0.12 to 2.02 ± 0.33; p < 0.001) and over a 10‐min interval in valproic acid–treated animals (from 0.17 ± 0.11 to 2.05 ± 0.36; p < 0.001). In vitro, horseradish peroxidase immediately labeled vesicles in the basolateral cytoplasm. Within 15 min, the vesicles were labeled in the periluminal region (percent area increased from 0.36 ± 0.08 to 1.90 ± 0.17; p < 0.001). Colchicine but not β‐lumicolchicine decreased the volume density of labeled structures in the apical cytoplasm (percent area at 15 min, 1.94 ± 0.24 after β‐lumicolchicine and 1.04 ± 0.29 after colchicine; p < 0.01). Taurocholic or ursodeoxycholic acid did not change the migration pattern of labeled vesicles, but peroxidase tended to appear earlier in the apical cytoplasm, especially after taurocholic acid. In addition, taurocholic acid increased the percentage of labeled tubules in the apical cytoplasm. These studies show that a polarized tubulovesicular transcytotic pathway exists in rat biliary epithelium and is microtubule dependent. These tubulovesicular structures are labeled with horseradish peroxidase, which is rapidly transported from the cell periphery to the luminal area. This process appears to be stimulated by choleretic drugs such as valproic acid and taurocholic or ursodeoxycholic bile salts. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;18:422–432).
INTRAVENOUS UREA IN GLAUCOMA*

HYPERTONIC solutions have been used to reduce the intra-ocular pressure in glaucoma since Cantonnet (1904) first used hypertonic salt solution. The effect of different substances was extensively studied by Hertel (1914), who administered many different solutions, including urea, to rabbits, and measured the resulting fall in intra-ocular pressure. Substances used in clinical practice include sucrose, dextrose, and sorbitol, which act by increasing the osmotic pressure of the blood; hence it is their concentration in molecules and not their weight in grammes that is significant. The disadvantages of sucrose are that it has a large molecular weight so that large amounts of it have to be given to exert sufficient osmotic pressure, and that it is also nephrotoxic and diffuses rapidly in the tissues. Dextrose and saline also diffuse in the tissues too rapidly to produce an effect of sufficent duration so that a rebound of intra-ocular pressure quickly occurs. The efficiency of sorbitol is doubtful and it is also said to be nephrotoxic. Bellows, Puntenney, and Cowen (1938) found its effect to be greatest 24 hours after administration, which could not have been due to its osmotic effect. Urea has been used as a diuretic in cases of oedema and also for reducing the intracranial pressure from various causes (Stubbs and Pennybacker, 1960). The need for an osmotic agent for reducing intra-ocular pressure has been much less since the introduction of carbonic anhydrase inhibitory drugs, but a few patients become resistant or intolerant to these drugs. Urea can be used to reduce the pressure before operation on glaucomatous eyes. The dangers of operating on eyes in which the intra-ocular pressure is raised include haemorrhage, prolapse of iris, lens, and vitreous, and expulsive haemorrhage. It obviates the need for a posterior sclerotomy when operating on cases of malignant glaucoma, before cyclodialysis and injection of air into the anterior chamber.
Directional interfaces for wearable augmented reality

Wearable Augmented Reality can be used to overlay information onto the real world. Directional interfaces in wearable Augmented Reality aid users to orient themselves so that previously invisible targets are now inside their field of view. This is relevant when the user tries to find the next waypoint during a navigational task. We surveyed directional interfaces that have been used in Augmented Reality previously and compared their efficiency. We have found that a circular compass is the most efficient way to provide orientation cues.
Novel Chemically Synthesized Salicylate Derivative as an Effective Elicitor for Inducing the Biosynthesis of Plant Secondary Metabolites

Trifluoroethyl salicylate (TFESA), a novel salicylate derivative, was chemically synthesized and evaluated by bioassay as a potential elicitor for inducing the biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites. A cell line of Taxus chinensis, which stably produced a high level of bioactive taxuyunnanine C (Tc), was taken as a model plant cell system. The application of TFESA to the cell cultures could significantly induce Tc biosynthesis, although the cell growth was slightly inhibited. More interestingly, Tc production was enhanced more in the presence of TFESA compared with a structure‐similar well‐known elicitor, salicylic acid (SA). For example, addition of 100 μM TFESA on day 7 led to a high Tc content of 21.9 ± 0.1 mg g−1 (at day 21), whereas the Tc content was 14.0 ± 0.2 and 16.7 ± 0.3 mg g−1 for the control and that with addition of 100 μM SA, respectively. The results indicate that the newly synthesized TFESA can act as a powerful elicitor for secondary metabolism induction in plant cell cultures.
Revisiting GNRA and UNCG folds: U-turns versus Z-turns in RNA hairpin loops

When thinking about RNA three-dimensional structures, coming across GNRA and UNCG tetraloops is perceived as a boon since their folds have been extensively described. Nevertheless, analyzing loop conformations within RNA and RNP structures led us to uncover several instances of GNRA and UNCG loops that do not fold as expected. We noticed that when a GNRA does not assume its “natural” fold, it adopts the one we typically associate with a UNCG sequence. The same folding interconversion may occur for loops with UNCG sequences, for instance within tRNA anticodon loops. Hence, we show that some structured tetranucleotide sequences starting with G or U can adopt either of these folds. The underlying structural basis that defines these two fold types is the mutually exclusive stacking of a backbone oxygen on either the first (in GNRA) or the last nucleobase (in UNCG), generating an oxygen–π contact. We thereby propose to refrain from using sequences to distinguish between loop conformations. Instead, we suggest using descriptors such as U-turn (for “GNRA-type” folds) and a newly described Z-turn (for “UNCG-type” folds). Because tetraloops adopt for the largest part only two (inter)convertible turns, we are better able to interpret from a structural perspective loop interchangeability occurring in ribosomes and viral RNA. In this respect, we propose a general view on the inclination for a given sequence to adopt (or not) a specific fold. We also suggest how long-noncoding RNAs may adopt discrete but transient structures, which are therefore hard to predict.
Y Chromosome gr/gr Subdeletion Is Associated with Lower Semen Quality in Young Men from the General Japanese Population but Not in Fertile Japanese Men1

ABSTRACT Several case-control studies have investigated whether Y chromosome haplogroups or deletions are associated with spermatogenic failure. However, the relationships between Y chromosome haplogroups or deletions and semen quality in general population have not been elucidated. In this study, we assessed relationships between Y chromosome haplogroups or deletions and semen parameters in 791 fertile Japanese men and 1221 young men from the general Japanese population. We found that the haplogroup D2 (M55 lineage) was significantly associated with lower semen parameters, especially total motile sperm count (P = 0.00051, beta = −0.097), in men from the general population but not in fertile men. In addition, we found that the gr/gr subdeletion was associated with semen quality and in particular, strongly associated with decreased sperm motility (P = 0.00041, beta = −3.14) and total motile sperm count (P = 0.00031, beta = −0.099) in men from the general population but not in fertile men. The combined analysis of fertile Japanese men and men from the general Japanese population showed that the haplogroup D2 (M55 lineage) and the gr/gr subdeletion were strongly associated with reduced sperm motility (P = 0.00056, beta = −2.71, and P = 7.7 × 10−5, beta = −3.05, respectively) and that haplogroup O2b1 was strongly associated with elevated sperm motility (P = 0.00089, beta = 2.94). These observations add further support for the view that the gr/gr subdeletion diminishes sperm motility that consequently may result in male infertility.
Mapping of TH1 helper T-cell epitopes on major secreted mycobacterial antigen 85A in mice infected with live Mycobacterium bovis BCG

TH1 cytokine secretion was examined in response to synthetic peptides of the 85A component of the major secreted, fibronectin-binding antigen 85 complex from Mycobacterium tuberculosis in seven different mouse strains infected with live M. bovis BCG. Twenty-eight overlapping 20-mer peptides covering the complete mature 295-amino-acid (AA) protein were synthesized. Significant interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) secretion could be measured following in vitro stimulation of spleen cells with these peptides. H-2d haplotype mice reacted preferentially against the amino-terminal half of the protein, i.e., against peptide 5 (AA 41 to 60) and especially against peptide 11 (AA 101 to 120), which contained an I-Ed binding motif. H-2b haplotype mice, on the other hand, reacted against peptides from both amino- and carboxy-terminal halves of the protein, peptide 25 (AA 241 to 260) being the most potent stimulator of IL-2 and IFN-gamma production. (BALB/c x C57BL/6)F1 animals with the H-2d/b haplotype weakly recognized peptides specific for both parental lines. Finally, CBA/J (H-2k) and major histocompatibility complex class II mutant B6.C. bm12 mice, carrying a mutant I-A beta bm12 allele on an H-2b background, reacted only very weakly to the 85A peptides. Reactive T cells isolated from lungs of BCG-infected H-2b haplotype mice recognized the same epitopes as spleen cells, especially peptide 25. These data confirm previous findings regarding the powerful IL-2 and IFN-gamma-inducing properties of antigen 85 during infection with live M. bovis BCG.
Occult splenic injury: delayed presentation manifesting as jaundice

Delayed splenic rupture, though uncommon, is a recognised clinical condition and is associated with a significant mortality rate. In the vast majority of cases the patient re-presents with abdominal symptoms and/or signs of acute intraperitoneal haemorrhage. A case is presented of delayed splenic rupture presenting with jaundice attributable to intra-abdominal clot lysis.
Human Thymidine Kinase Can Functionally Replace Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Thymidine Kinase for Viral Replication in Mouse Sensory Ganglia and Reactivation from Latency upon Explant

ABSTRACT Herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase exhibits a strikingly broad substrate specificity. It is capable of phosphorylating deoxythymidine and deoxyuridine as does human thymidine kinase, deoxycytidine as does human deoxycytidine kinase, the cytosolic kinase whose amino acid sequence it most closely resembles, and thymidylate as does human thymidylate kinase. Following peripheral inoculation of mice, viral thymidine kinase is ordinarily required for viral replication in ganglia and for reactivation from latency following ganglionic explant. To determine which activity of the viral kinase is important for replication and reactivation in mouse ganglia, recombinant viruses lacking viral thymidine kinase but expressing individual human kinases were constructed. Each recombinant virus expressed the appropriate kinase activity with early kinetics following infection of cultured cells. The virus expressing human thymidine kinase exhibited thymidine phosphorylation activity equivalent to ∼5% of that of wild-type virus in a quantitative plaque autoradiography assay. Nevertheless, it was competent for ganglionic replication and reactivation following corneal inoculation of mice. The virus expressing human thymidylate kinase was partially competent for these activities despite failing to express detectable thymidine kinase activity. The virus expressing human deoxycytidine kinase failed to replicate acutely in neurons or to reactivate from latency. Therefore, it appears that low levels of thymidine phosphorylation suffice to fulfill the role of the viral enzyme in ganglia and that this role can be partially fulfilled by thymidylate kinase activity alone.
The hypoglycemic effect of fat and protein is not attenuated by insulin resistance.

BACKGROUND The glucose-lowering effect of fat and protein is attenuated or absent in diabetic patients, which suggests that the same may occur in insulin-resistant subjects without diabetes. OBJECTIVE The objective was to determine whether the postprandial metabolic responses elicited by fat and protein were influenced by the insulin sensitivity of the subjects and whether fat and protein modulate glucose responses through different mechanisms. DESIGN Healthy nondiabetic subjects aged 18-45 y took 50 g oral glucose with 0-30-g doses of canola oil and whey protein on 11 separate mornings after fasting overnight. The subjects were classified into 3 fasting serum insulin (FSI) groups: FSI < 40 pmol/L (n = 9), 40 < or = FSI < 70 pmol/L (n = 8), and FSI > or = 70 pmol/L (n = 8). The relative glycemic response was expressed as the incremental area under the curve (AUC) after each test meal divided by the mean AUC of the glucose control in each subject. RESULTS Protein significantly decreased glucose (P < 0.0001) and hepatic insulin extraction (P <0.0001) and increased insulin (P < 0.0001) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (P = 0.004); however, protein had no significant effect on C-peptide (P = 0.69) or on the insulin secretion rate (P = 0.13). No significant FSI x fat (P = 0.19) or FSI x protein (P = 0.08) interaction effects on glucose AUC were observed. In addition, the changes in relative glycemic response per gram of fat (r = -0.05, P = 0.82) or protein (r = -0.08, P = 0.70) were not related to FSI. CONCLUSIONS The hypoglycemic effect of fat and protein was not blunted by insulin resistance. Protein increased insulin but had no effect on C-peptide or the insulin secretion rate, which suggests decreased hepatic insulin extraction or increased C-peptide clearance.