Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Study Above Curie Temperature in La 0 . 4 Re 0 . 1 Ca 0 . 5 MnO 3 ( Re = La , Eu , Gd and Dy ) Polycrystalline Manganites

In the last years, manganites having the general formula Re1-xAexMnO3, where Re is a rare earth (La, Pr, Nd.) and Ae is an alkaline earth (Ca, Sr, Ba.) seems to attract the interest of researchers because of their several applications as well as the diversity of their fascinating electrical and magnetic responses. These compounds possess great technological applications especially based on colossal magnetoresistance [1, 2] and magnetocaloric effect [3]. Thus, they can be used for spintronics applications or even magnetic refrigeration. In addition, these compounds possess several interesting physical properties like charge ordering (CO), orbital ordering, magnetic and metamagnetic transitions, phase separation [4, 5]. In all the previous works performed on manganites, detailed structural and physical investigations were carried out in order to elucidate the parameters controlling the physical behavior of these compounds. It was found that magnetic interactions mostly originate from double exchange and super exchange mechanisms between manganese ions. In addition, several parameters seem to control the behavior of these compounds like elaboration conditions, the average ionic radius in A-site , the cationic disorder in A-site (cationic mismatch) σ 2 given by σ 2 =
ORLISTAT EN SUJETOS MEXICANOS. ENSAYO CLÍNICO COMPARATIVO DE EFECTIVIDAD TERAPÉUTICA

El objetivo fue determinar si en sujetos mexicanos con sobrepeso u obesidad el orlistat a dosis de 60mg versus orlistat 120 mg via oral, conserva la misma eficacia terapeutica y los eventos adversos gastrointestinales esperados son mejor tolerados. Ensayo clinico longitudinal, prospectivo, doble ciego y comparativo, con un periodo de seleccion de 7 dias y otro de tratamiento de 90 dias, con asignacion aleatoria de los sujetos. La reduccion del peso, indice de masa corporal, composicion de grasa corporal y parametros antropometricos fueron estadisticamente significativas al interior de los grupos, pero sin diferencia entre ellos (2.1 vs 1.5 Kg). La mayoria de los eventos adversos gastrointestinales fueron de intensidad leve en ambos grupos. En sujetos mexicanos con sobrepeso u obesidad, el Orlistat a dosis de 60 mg antes de cada comida tiene el mismo efecto en la reduccion de peso que la dosis de 120 mg antes de cada comida. Se recomienda su uso en conjunto con la modificacion alimenticia y de actividad fisica. Abstract The aim was to determine if in Mexican, overweight or obese subjects, the Orlistat dosed at 60 mg versus Orlistat dosed at 120 mg, both oral, keeps the same therapeutic efficacy and if the gastrointestinal adverse events may be tolerated easier. Longitudinal, prospective, double blind and comparative clinical trial, with a 7 days screening period and a 90 days treatment period with random allocation of subjects. The weight loss, body mass index, body fat composition and anthropometric parameters were statistically significant inside the groups, but without difference between them (2.1 versus 1.5 kg). Most of the gastrointestinal adverse events were mild in intensity at both groups. In Mexican, overweight or obese subjects, the Orlistat dosed at 60 mg before each meal demonstrates the same effect at weight reduction than the 120 mg dose before each meal. It is recommended to use it in conjunction with dietary modification and physical activity. Palabras clave: Orlistat, sobrepeso, obesidad
Creating design solutions for online counselling

This article reviews a project which has produced creative design solutions for the development of online counselling in collaboration with Australia's largest youth telephone counselling service, Kids Helpline (KHL). Our discussion focuses on the shape of interaction design research conducted against the dual background of young people’s multiliteracies and professional counselling practice. Existing text-based communication tools already available for Kids Helpline’s clients were integrated with graphical imagebased tools, while engaging young people in problem solving and empowerment during online counselling sessions. The paper considers the fashioning of a conducive design and interactive communication environment for distressed young people and the independent evaluation of the new site design. Preliminary results are that young people report a greater sense of control and comfort in their net-based interaction with a counsellor.
Unauthorized groundwater use: institutional, social and ethical considerations

In many areas of the world, particularly in arid regions or in areas experiencing population growth, there is increased competition over scarce water resources. This is likely to increase in the future due to continued population growth, urban expansion and the challenge of the impact of climate change on water resource availability. In this context, groundwater is likely to play a pivotal role in facing water scarcity. When different users share a common-pool resource, basic rules are usually established to manage access to the resource and ensure balance between demand and supply. Water authorities worldwide are increasingly paying added attention towards regulating the use of groundwater because of its strategic value, e.g. in times of drought or as a natural reserve. In the case of groundwater, although regulatory measures exist, they are often difficult to enforce. This paper explores the situation with a discussion of two aspects: first (and in line with this special issue on water ethics), an examination of the fundamental individual values that underpin behavior in relation to water use, and second, an investigation of the typologies of unauthorized water use, its main potential impacts, potential root causes and reflections on imperfect institutions and social norms.
Assesment of Thermography Technique for Detection of Thyroid Gland: A Numerical Approach Accompanied by an Experimnetal Study

The aim of this study is to investigate the use of thermography technique for detection of thyroid gland embedded in the neck through a numerical and an experimental approach. To this end, a real 3D model of the human neck and its primary organs including trachea, thyroid gland, common carotid artery and internal jugular vein is constructed based on the computerized tomography (CT) scan images of a healthy case and a case of thyroid cancer. The model is used for analyzing bio-heat transfer in the neck. In the thermal analysis the thyroid gland is considered as a heat source via specific function that generates heat based on the thyroid temporal temperature. Moreover, external convection through the neck skin surface and the ambient air, an internal convection through the inner layer of trachea and breathed air and heat transfer through the artery and the vein are considered. The result is the temperature distribution (thermogram) on the skin surface of the neck which reveals an approximate 0.5 -1.4 ̊C temperature increase on the area above thyroid gland for the healthy case. Studying effects of the thyroid cancer on the thermogram shows an approximate 0.7 -1.6 ̊C temperature increase due to the increased metabolic rate of the cancerous tumor compared to the healthy tissue. In order to practically investigate the applicability of thermography technique, a healthy case is examined by a high precision thermographic camera in similar conditions to the numerical simulation. Similar temperature increase due to the existence of the thyroid gland by the simulation and experiment affirmed the capability of the thermography method in the thyroid gland detection on the skin surface of the neck.
Effects of Different Levels of Saturated and Unsaturated

Fats and oils can be used as an alternative energy source in place of prime energy feed ingredients in broiler production. The dietary metabolizable energy (ME) increased through supplementation of fat in broiler rations and significantly increased their body weight gain (Leeson and Atteh, 1995). The cholesterol content of the food products especially from animal sources becomes the prime area of consumer's concern because of the increased awareness on higher dietary cholesterol and the incidence of coronary heart diseases. In poultry and other monogastric animals, the fatty acid composition of tissue lipids depends on the dietary fatty acids (Lopez Ferre et al. 1999). One of the major concerns related to fat usage is the actual ME value that should be assigned to each fat source. This number is often difficult to determine in a practical sense and may have little practical value in diet formulation. The type of fat added to the diet has a significant influence on the profile of fatty acids of the abdominal fat. It was evident that inclusion of saturated fats produces the higher accumulation of intramuscular, mesenteric and abdominal fat in broilers (Sanz et al. 1999; Crespo and Esteve-Garcia, 2002). Many factors influence the absorption of fats. The chemical charThis experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of saturated and unsaturated fats and their composition in growing and finishing periods on performance, carcass traits and blood lipids level in broiler chickens. In this experiment, 432 Ross 308 broilers were used from 11 up to 42 days in 9 treatments, 4 replicates and 12 birds in each replicate in growing (11-24 days) and finishing (25-42 days) periods in a completely randomized design. Treatments included: 1) control group (without fat), 2) 2% canola oil, 3) 4% Canola oil, 4) 2% beef tallow, 5) 4% beef tallow, 6) 2% canola oil + 2% beef tallow, 7) 4% canola oil + 2% beef tallow, 8) 2% canola oil + 4% beef tallow and 9) 4% canola oil + 4% beef tallow. In the growing period, different levels of fat sources had no significant effects on the performance of broilers. In the finishing period, the higher amounts of daily weight gain and final live weight were obtained in group 8 (P<0.05). In the whole feeding period, the best feed conversion ratio and final live weight were observed in group 8 (P<0.05). The lowest amount of intestine, abdominal, gizzard and liver weights belonged to control group (P<0.05). However, a difference was observed between the control group and group 8 in these respects. Using different levels of saturated and unsaturated fat in growing and finishing periods had no significant effect on the blood lipids level of broilers (P>0.05). The overall results indicated that in broilers, using mixing of saturated and unsaturated fats have beneficial effects on their performance.
COMPARING THE EFFECT OF UNFRACTIONATED HEPARIN AND LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN IN PREVENTING OF DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS PROPHYLAXIS AFTER CRANIOTOMY IN PATIENTS WITH BRAIN TUMOR

کرانیوتومی با توجه به مستعد کردن بیماران به بی حرکتی، پس از عمل عاملی خطرساز برای ایجاد ترومبوز وریدی محسوب می شود. هدف از مطالعه حاضر مقایسه اثر دو روش درمان رایج برای پیشگیری از ترومبوز وریدی شامل هپارین معمولی ((unfractionated و هپارین با وزن مولکولی کم (کلگزان) در پیشگیری از این عارضه است. روش بررسی: در این کارآزمایی بالینی تصادفی و دوسوکور که از سال 1387 تا 1389 در اصفهان انجام شد، تعداد 154 بیمار که به علت تومور مغزی مورد عمل جراحی کرانیوتومی قرار گرفته در دو گروه تقسیم و مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. در گروه اول از 48 ساعت بعد از عمل کلگزان به میزان mg/d 40 به صورت زیرجلدی تجویز شد. بیماران در گروه دوم از 48 ساعت بعد از عمل، هپارین unfractionated به میزان IU/12h 5000 به صورت زیرجلدی دریافت کردند و نتایج در نرم افزار با کمک آزمون های T-test و Chi-Square مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. یافته ها:در این مطالعه تفاوت آماری معنی داری از نظر سن، جنس و بیماری های زمینه ای بین دو گروه مشاهده نشد (05/0P>). طی مطالعه 14 مورد (2/18) ترومبوز وریدهای عمقی تحت بالینی در گروه هپارین و 3 مورد (9/3) در گروه کلگزان مشاهده شد (011/0=P). هیچکدام از بیماران در پیگیری پس از کرانیوتومی دچار خونریزی داخل مغزی نشدند. نتیجه گیری: نتایج مطالعه حاضر نشان می دهد که کلگزان نسبت به هپارین unfractionated در پیشگیری از ترومبوز ورید عمقی پس از کرانیوتومی در بیماران مبتلا به تومور مغزی مؤثرتر و ایمن تر است.
Morphological and Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotube / Polymer Composite via Melt Compounding ( Under the direction of Russell

DONDERO, WILLIAM EDWARD. Morphological and Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotube/Polymer Composite via Melt Compounding (Under the direction of Russell E. Gorga) The mechanical properties and morphology of multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWNT)/polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites were studied as a function of nanotube orientation and concentration. Through melt mixing followed by melt drawing, using a twin screw mini-extruder with a specially designed winding apparatus, the dispersion and orientation of multi-wall carbon nanotubes was optimized in polypropylene. Tensile tests showed a 32% increase in toughness for a 0.25 wt % MWNT in PP (over pure PP). Moreover, modulus increased by 138% with 0.25 wt % MWNTs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) all demonstrated qualitative nanotube dispersion and orientation. Wide angle X-ray diffraction was used to study crystal morphology and orientation by calculating the Herman’s Orientation Factor for the composites as function of nanotube loading and orientation. The addition of nanotubes to oriented samples causes the crystalline morphology to shift from α and mesophase to only α phase. Furthermore, the addition of nanotubes (without orientation) was found to cause isotropization of the PP crystal and drawing was shown to improve crystal orientation through the orientation factor. In addition, differential scanning caloriometry (DSC) qualitatively revealed little change in overall crystallinity. In conclusion this work has shown that melt mixing coupled with melt drawing has yielded MWNT/PP composites with a unique combination of strength and toughness suitable for advanced fiber applications, such as smart fibers and high performance fabrics.
Effect of Combined Ezetimibe / Atorvastatin Therapy vs . Atorvastatin Monotherapy on the Erythrocyte Membrane Structure in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease : A

Background. Erythrocytes play an important role in atherogenesis. An excessive accumulation of cholesterol in erythrocyte membranes leads to disruption of the erythrocytes. Objectives. The aim of the study was to compare the effect of two different hypolipidemic therapies on the structure of erythrocyte membranes. Material and Methods. The study included 18 patients with angiographic confirmed coronary artery disease who, despite at least 6 months of hypolipidemic treatment, had not achieved LDL-C < 70 mg/dL and 18 healthy individuals as the control group. The following parameters were studied: total cholesterol level and erythrocyte membrane fluidity, lipid peroxidation, SH groups in membrane protein and plasma lipids. Results. We observed a decrease in TC (20%), LDL-C (35%), level of lipid peroxidation (25%) and total cholesterol in erythrocytes (23%), and an increase in HDL-C (8%) and erythrocyte membrane fluidity of subsurface layers (14%) after 6 months of 10 mg atorvastatin + 10 mg ezetimibe therapy, in comparison with healthy controls. In the group treated with 40 mg atorvastatin for 6 months, decreased LDL-C (23%), lipid peroxidation (37%) and membrane cholesterol concentration (18%) was noted, as well as an increase in erythrocyte membrane fluidity in the subsurface layers (12%). Conclusions. Both the combination therapy and the monotherapy lead to an improvement of erythrocyte membrane structure, whose parameters reached values close to those in the control healthy group (Adv Clin Exp Med 2016, 25, 3, 433–439).
CAN AYURVEDA BE AN EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE

The concepts of EBM empower us to formulate appropriate clinical questions, appraise the literature using the hierarchy of evidence and apply the study results to their practice. With the ever increasing demands to adopt EBM in practice, healthcare providers require educ ational resources that present the concept s of the EBM , research methodology and guides to publishing medical research in a simpl e and easy to understand format. EBM also promotes critical thinking by clinicians. It requires that clinicians have the open - mindedness to look for and try new methods scientifica lly supported by the literature and it asks the clinical interventions be scrutinized and proven effective. In addition, EBM offers ways to critically evaluate the enormous amount of medical literature for value. In this way, clinical interventions and treatments are not just accepted because someone speaks of their anecdotal effectiveness, but a rigorous standard is applied to scientific data to determine whether the information has merit and applicabil ity. Ayurveda is an A ncient Asian practice . It’s a traditional medical system used by a majority of India’s 1.1 billion populations . Ayurveda is being seen as a rich resource for new drug development by modern day pharmacologists. Ayurveda, the science of life is a branch of Atharvanaveda. It has eight specialized branches such as kayachikitsa (internal medicine), S alakya (ENT), salya tantra (ayurvedic surgery), Agada tantra (toxicology and forensic medicine), bhuta vidya (treatment of psychic diseases), kaumarabhrutya (paediatrics),rasayana tantra ( rejuvenation treatments) and vajikarana (aphrodisiacs).
The Cognitive Unconscious ReAL seLves ? sUBjeCtIvIty AnD tHe sUBPeRsonAL MInD

The current philosophical discussion on the self and consciousness is characterized by a contrast or dilemma between the no-self (eliminativist) perspective, on the one hand, and the arguably naïve account that takes the self as a robust entity, on the other. in order to solve the dilemma, in this paper we suggest restoring a robust theory of the subject based on a bottom-up approach (fully consonant with contemporary neurocognitive science) together with a pluralistic reading of the nature of the science of the mental. ReAL seLves? sUBjeCtIvIty AnD tHe sUBPeRsonAL MInD massimo marraFFa università roma Tre massimo.marraffa@uniroma3.it
Adolescent Suicide: A Literature Review

This literature review is an examination of the issue of adolescent suicide, including risk factors, warning signs, methods, and prevention strategies. The biological, psychological, and sociological factors that may contribute to adolescent suicide are addressed. Prevention strategies that can be implemented at various levels, including the federal government, community, and school-based programs, are also discussed. Finally, recommendations for further research, including adolescent use of antidepressants and standardized programs for suicide prevention, are provided.
ETHICAL GUIDELINES AND STUDY DESIGN FOR BIOAVAILABILITY AND BIOEQUIVALENCE STUDY

Unusual growth in pharma industry has provoked regulatory agencies to establish regulations regarding bioavailability (BA) and bioequivalence (BE) studies. The BA and BE testing are essential in drug development process, provides the information regarding the kinetics (area under the curve [AUC], C max , T max , λ z , t ½ , AUC 0→Tss, C maxss , C minss , C avgss , T ) of single and multiple dose studies and the comparison of medicinal products. Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA), Indian National Science Academy (INSA), Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Guidebook (IACUC), National Institutes of Health, Food and Drug Administration, World Health Organization (WHO) provides the informations for strengthening the ethical guidelines for using humans and animals in clinical trials globally. Experimental design will help for better selection of models, number of subjects/animals, study conditions, randomizations, selection of control groups. Statistical evaluation parameters like Analysis of Variance help for the better interpretation of the data. The present study was aimed to study the need for BA and BE studies, ethical guidelines, experimental designs, pharmacokinetic endpoints, and their statistical evaluations. maxss Keywords: Ethical guidelines, Study design, Bioavailability, Bioequivalence.
Title of dissertation: EMPIRICAL ESSAYS ON THE ECONOMICS OF NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE

of deregionalization on infant health outcomes and treatment intensity. In Chapter 2, I argue that previous estimates of the relationship between the level of care at a high-risk infant’s birth hospital and mortality may be biased by unobserved selection. To estimate a causal relationship, I use an instrumental variable strategy that exploits exogenous variation in distance from a mother’s residence to hospitals oering each level of care. My instrumental variable estimates are bounded
Trees and Fa\`a di Bruno's formula

Faa di Bruno's formula gives an expression for the higher order derivatives of the composition of two real-valued functions. Various higher dimensional generalisations have since appeared in the literature. In this paper we prove a multivariate and synthesized version of Faa di Bruno's formula, giving an expression in terms of a labelled tree for the higher order derivatives of an arbitrary chain of smooth functions defined on Euclidean space of arbitrary dimension.
A Multi-Task Gradient Descent Method for Multi-Label Learning

Multi-label learning studies the problem where an instance is associated with a set of labels. By treating single-label learning problem as one task, the multi-label learning problem can be casted as solving multiple related tasks simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a novel Multi-task Gradient Descent (MGD) algorithm to solve a group of related tasks simultaneously. In the proposed algorithm, each task minimizes its individual cost function using reformative gradient descent, where the relations among the tasks are facilitated through effectively transferring model parameter values across multiple tasks. Theoretical analysis shows that the proposed algorithm is convergent with a proper transfer mechanism. Compared with the existing approaches, MGD is easy to implement, has less requirement on the training model, can achieve seamless asymmetric transformation such that negative transfer is mitigated, and can benefit from parallel computing when the number of tasks is large. The competitive experimental results on multi-label learning datasets validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
On the origin of the peak of the stellar initial mass function: exploring the tidal screening theory

Classical theories for the stellar initial mass function (IMF) predict a peak mass that scales with the properties of the molecular cloud. In this work, we explore a new theory proposed by Lee and Hennebelle. The idea is that the tidal field around first Larson cores prevents the formation of other collapsing clumps within a certain radius. The protostar can then freely accrete the gas within this radius. This leads to a peak mass of roughly $10 \, M_{\mathrm{1LC}}$, independent of the parent cloud properties. Using simple analytical arguments, we derive a collapse condition for clumps located close to a protostar. We then study the tidal field and the corresponding collapse condition using a series of hydrodynamic simulations with self-gravity. We find that the tidal field around protostars is indeed strong enough to prevent clumps from collapsing unless they have high enough densities. For each newly formed protostar, we determine the region in which tidal screening is dominant. We call this the tidal bubble. The mass within this bubble is our estimate for the final mass of the star. Using this formalism, we are able to construct a very good prediction for the final IMF in our simulations. Not only do we correctly predict the peak, but we are also able to reproduce the high- and low-mass ends. We conclude that tidal forces are important in determining the final mass of a star and might be the dominant effect in setting the peak mass of the IMF.