Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increasing the spatial resolution of cloud property retrievals from Meteosat SEVIRI by use of its high–resolution visible channel: Evaluation of candidate approaches with MODIS observations

Abstract. This study presents and evaluates several candidate approaches for downscaling observations from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) in order to increase the horizontal resolution of subsequent cloud optical thickness (τ) and effective droplet radius (reff) retrievals from the native 3 × 3 km2 spatial resolution of the narrowband channels to 1 × 1 km2. These methods make use of SEVIRI’s coincident broadband high–resolution visible (HRV) channel. For four example cloud fields, the reliability of each downscaling algorithm is evaluated by means of collocated 1 × 1 km2 MODIS radiances, which are re-projected to the horizontal grid of the HRV channel, and serve as reference for the evaluation. By using these radiances smoothed with the spatial response function of the native SEVIRI channels as retrieval input, the accuracy at the SEVIRI standard resolution can be evaluated and an objective comparison of the accuracy of the different downscaling algorithms can be made. For the example scenes considered in this study, it is shown that neglecting high-frequency variations below the SEVIRI standard resolution results in significant random absolute deviations of the retrieved τ and reff of up to ≈ 14 and ≈ 6 μm, respectively, as well as biases. By error propagation, this also negatively impacts the reliability of the subsequent calculation of liquid water path (WL) and cloud droplet number concentration (ND), which exhibit deviations of up to ≈ 89 g m−2 and ≈ 177 cm−3, respectively. For τ, these deviations can be almost completely mitigated by the use of the HRV channel as a physical constraint, and by applying most of the presented downscaling schemes. For the accuracy of reff,the choice of downscaling scheme however is important: deviations are generally of similar magnitude or larger than those for retrievals at the SEVIRI standard resolution, indicative of their limited skill at predicting high–frequency spatial variability in reff. A strong degradation of accuracy of reff is observed for some of the approaches, which also affects subsequent WL and ND estimates. As a result, an approach which constrains the reff to the lower–resolution results is recommended. Overall, this study demonstrates that an increase in horizontal resolution of SEVIRI cloud property retrievals can be reliably achieved by use of its HRV channel, yielding cloud properties which are preferable in terms of accuracy to those obtained from SEVIRI’s standard-resolution. This work advances efforts to mitigate impacts of scale mismatches among channels of multi–resolution instruments on cloud retrievals.
Uji kandungan protein dan lemak pada es krim probiotik dengan penambahan soyghurt kombinasi kulit jeruk lemon (Citrus limon)

Probiotic ice cream is an ice cream product that contained probiotic bacteria made by mixing basic ingredient of ice cream with probiotic strains which have been fermented and frozen. Probiotic ice cream is useful to help digestion of food, prevent diarrhea and prevent increase blood cholesterol levels. The purpose of this study was to know the effect of soyghurt combination of lemon peel adding to the protein, fat, pH, a total of lactic acid bacteria, and preference for texture, flavor and taste of ice cream probiotics; knowing the concentration of soyghurt combination of lemon peel adding in making probiotic ice cream that produces ice cream with the best protein and fat content; and knowing the quality of protein and fat of probiotic ice cream according to SNI 01-3713-1995 Probiotic ice cream made by a soyghurt combination of lemon peel adding as much as 0%, 40%, 60% and 80% each with three replications. The probiotic ice cream with a soyghurt combination of lemon peel addition was tested by organoleptic by filling the questionnaire with a hedonic scale by 30 panelists and tested for protein, fat, pH and a total of lactic acid bacteria. The data obtained were then analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Duncan tests. The results showed that the addition of soyghurt had an effect on protein, pH, a total of lactic acid bacteria, texture, flavor, taste, but did not affect to fat. The addition of 80% soyghurt combination of lemon peel is the best concentration for producing protein and fat in probiotic ice cream. However, the protein and fat content does not meet the ice cream quality requirements according to SNI 013713-1995.
Characteristic Length of Macaroni Channel MOSFET

A model of characteristic length for a macaroni MOSFET is introduced for the first time by deriving the two-dimensional Poisson’s equation. By using the model of characteristic length describing the potential distribution, we presented the advantage of the thinner silicon channel structure in the sub-threshold region. The models of inner potential and surface potential are compared to the results from simulations and an agreement are observed. The models are useful for deriving sub-threshold characteristics and also for device design.
CRESCIMENTO DE BROTAÇÕES DE GENÓTIPOS DE Coffea canephora EM RESPOSTA AO ARQUEAMENTO DA MUDA EM REGIÃO DE ALTITUDE DE TRANSIÇÃO

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o crescimento de brotacoes de genotipos de Coffea canephora em resposta ao arqueamento da muda apos o plantio, cultivados em altitude de transicao. O experimento estudou 27 genotipos de C. canephora , seguindo delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repeticoes e seis plantas por parcela experimental. Apos 50 dias do plantio das mudas dos referidos genotipos, procedeu-se o arqueamento das mesmas para que a brotacao fosse estimulada. As brotacoes foram avaliadas aos 140 dias apos o arqueamento das mudas, mensurando-se o numero de brotos por planta, a altura media dos brotos, diâmetro medio do caule dos brotos, comprimento do ramo ortotropico disponivel para cada broto e area foliar total do broto. De modo geral os genotipos 101, 108, 107, 109, 209, 305 e 307 apresentaram maior crescimento e desenvolvimento foliar das brotacoes oriundas do arqueamento da muda apos o plantio, quando cultivados em altitude de transicao, enquanto os genotipos 105, 201, 203, 204, 206, 207, 301 e 304, apresentaram crescimento mais lento e menor emissao de brotacoes.
Effects of Food Based Yeast on Oxidant-Antioxidant Systems in Rats fed by High Cholesterol Diet

In living organisms, oxidant and antioxidant systems are in a balance. In the present study, our aim was to study the effects of Cryptococcus humicola, which is a food based yeast whose cholesterol lowering activity is under investigation, on oxidant and antioxidant systems. 31 adult male, Wistar albino rats weighing 200-250 gr were included in the study. Rats were divided into four groups based on their diets. Group 1(Control Group) was fed a normal diet, Group 2 was fed a high cholesterol diet, Group 3 was fed a high cholesterol and low dose yeast diet (0.1% lyophilysed yeast), and Group 4 was fed a high cholesterol and high dose yeast diet (2% lyophilysed yeast). After fifty six days, bloods were taken and serums were collected. Total antioxidant capacity (TAS) and total oxidant capacity (TOS) levels were determined through Erel method. When TAS, TOS and OSI values were compared by nonparametric Kruskall Wallis test, no significant difference was found among the groups. This may lead to questioning the efficiency of the diet. It may be possible to show the antioxidant activity of c. humicola by increasing the yeast dose, number of subjects and duration of the experiment.
Quantifying snow darkening and atmospheric radiative effects of black carbon and dust on the South Asian monsoon and hydrological cycle: experiments using variable-resolution CESM

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) and dust impart significant effects on the South Asian monsoon (SAM), which is responsible for ∼80 % of the region's annual precipitation. This study implements a variable-resolution (VR) version of the Community Earth System Model (CESM) to quantify two radiative effects of absorbing BC and dust on the SAM. Specifically, this study focuses on the snow darkening effect (SDE), as well as how these aerosols interact with incoming and outgoing radiation to facilitate an atmospheric response (i.e., aerosol–radiation interactions, ARIs). By running sensitivity experiments, the individual effects of SDE and ARI are quantified, and a theoretical framework is applied to assess these aerosols' impacts on the SAM. It is found that ARIs of absorbing aerosols warm the atmospheric column in a belt coincident with the May–June averaged location of the subtropical jet, bringing forth anomalous upper-tropospheric (lower-tropospheric) anticyclogenesis (cyclogenesis) and divergence (convergence). This anomalous arrangement in the mass fields brings forth enhanced rising vertical motion across South Asia and a stronger westerly low-level jet, the latter of which furnishes the Indian subcontinent with enhanced Arabian Gulf moisture. Precipitation increases of 2 mm d−1 or more (a 60 % increase in June) result across much of northern India from May through August, with larger anomalies (+5 to +10 mm d−1) in the western Indian mountains and southern Tibetan Plateau (TP) mountain ranges due to orographic and anabatic enhancement. Across the Tibetan Plateau foothills, SDE by BC aerosols drives large precipitation anomalies of > 6 mm d−1 (a 21 %–26 % increase in May and June), comparable to ARI of absorbing aerosols from April through August. Runoff changes accompany BC SDE-induced snow changes across Tibet, while runoff changes across India result predominantly from dust ARI. Finally, there are large differences in the simulated SDE between the VR and traditional 1∘ simulations, the latter of which simulates a much stronger SDE and more effectively modifies the regional circulation.
Comparative Study of PAHs in PM1 and PM2.5 at a Background Site in the North China Plain

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are carcinogenic and mutagenic. They bounded in atmospheric fine (PM2.5) and submicron (PM1) particles severely affect human health. To characterize 18 PAHs at a background site (Mount Tai) in the heavily polluted North China Plain (NCP), PM1 and PM2.5 samples were collected in the autumn of 2014. The sampling periods were classified into clean conditions and polluted conditions according to PM2.5 concentration. Biomass burning condition was selected from polluted conditions to clarify the impact of biomass burning to PAHs concentrations. The concentrations of ∑18 PAHs were 14.5 and 24.5 ng m–3 and the contents were 515 and 607 µg g–1 in PM1 and PM2.5, respectively. Three-ring PAHs were the primary contributors to the total PAHs. The major PAHs sources at Mount Tai were pyrogenic and traffic emission. Diesel combustion played more significant role to the emission of PM1-bound PAHs, while wood burning source was more obvious for PM2.5-bound PAHs. PAHs concentrations and cancer risks were the highest during biomass burning condition compared with those during polluted and clean conditions. The lifetime accumulated cancer risk of PM1-bound PAHs was considered to be acceptable, whereas it elevated to “potential risk” (10−6) for adults (30–70 years old) exposed to PM2.5-bound PAHs. The Concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) model indicated long-distance transport from Northwest China was the major source of PM1-bound PAHs under the clean conditions. Compare with clean conditions, PAHs were more strongly influenced by short-distance transported air masses from the South of Shandong Province under the polluted conditions.
Sequential Implicit Learning Ability Predicts Growth in Reading Skills in Typical Readers and Children with Dyslexia

ABSTRACT This study investigated in a longitudinal design how 74 Dutch children with dyslexia and 39 typically developing peers differed in sequential versus spatial implicit learning and overnight consolidation, and it examined whether implicit learning related to (pseudo)word reading development in Grades 5 and 6. The results showed that sequential, but not spatial, learning predicted growth in reading skills in children with and without dyslexia. Sequential implicit learning was also related to growth in pseudoword reading skills during an intervention in children with dyslexia, retrospectively. Furthermore, children with dyslexia had longer reaction times in general but did not differ from typical readers in how well or how quickly they learned either on an implicit learning task or in their overnight consolidation.
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF INSECTICIDAL DELTA-ENDOTOXIN FROM BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS AT 2.5 ANGSTROMS RESOLUTION

The structure of the delta-endotoxin from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis that is specifically toxic to Coleoptera insects (beetle toxin) has been determined at 2.5 angstroms resolution. It comparises three domains which are, from the N- to C-termini, a seven-helix bundle, a three-sheet domain, and a beta sandwich. The core of the molecule encompassing all the domain interfaces is built from conserved sequence segments of the active delta-endotoxins. Therefore the structure represents the general fold of this family of insecticidal proteins. The bundle of long, hydrophobic and amphipathic helices is equipped for pore formation in the insect membrane and regions of the three-sheet domain are probably responsible for receptor binding.
Biosensory mikrobiologiczne bazujące na zjawisku luminescencji

In this paper microbiological biosensors based on luminescence were presented, showing their place in the whole family of biosensors. The role of microorganisms in biosensors based on luminescence have been described. The mechanism of luminescence in bacteria and examples of genetically engineered microorganisms, their use as a microbial biosensors based on luminescence has been shown. The use of microbiological luminescent biosensors in: environmental protection, food industry, defense industry and medicine, as well as examples of commercially available microbiological sensors including those based on luminescence phenomenon have been shown. In reviewing the literature, there are numerous work-related microbiological biosensors, but not found among them the manuscript which present selected information on the microbial biosensors based on luminescence phenomenon. Novelty of this study is to provide the selected information on the microbial biosensors based on luminescence and the presentation of their latest applications.
Effect of treatment on electron transfer mechanism in microbial fuel cell

ABSTRACT Untreated and treated (with chemical electron acceptors like Fe (III) oxide and Fumarate) sludge samples were subjected to microbial fuel cell (MFC) studies. The study focused on both anode biofilm as well as the anolyte consortia developed in the MFC reactor after treatment. Through impedance and voltammogram data, it was seen that untreated inoculum, when used in MFC followed a synergistic electron transfer mechanism (EET), dual EET (3.726 ± 0.130 mWm−3). The Fe (III) oxide treatment promoted the development of electrogenic biofilm that followed direct electron transfer (DET) mechanism (5.439 ± 0.009 mWm−3), whereas Fumarate treatment promoted the growth of electrogenic microbes in anolyte and followed mediator-based electron transfer (MET) mechanism (4.500 ± 0.0009 mWm−3). The microbial cultures like Alcaligenes sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were isolated from MFC reactors having Fe (III) oxide treated biofilm and Fumarate treated anolyte respectively. The occurrence of these microbes indicates their role in the EET mechanism adopted by various MFC reactors.
Effects of Raschig Ring Packing Patterns on Pressure Drop, Heat Transfer, Methane Conversion, and Coke Deposition on a Semi-pilot-scale Packed Bed Reformer

The effects of Raschig ring packing patterns on the efficiency of dry methane reforming reactions were investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The present study aims to understand the behavior of fluid flow in packed bed reactors, especially under low reactor-to-ring ratios between 4 and 8. Three packing patterns were studied: vertical staggered (VS), chessboard staggered (CS), and reciprocal staggered (RS). It was determined that packing pattern notably affected pressure drop across the reactor length. The VS pattern produced the lowest pressure drop of 223 mPa, while the CS and RS patterns produced pressure drops of 228 mPa and 308 mPa, respectively. The values of methane conversion can be increased by ca. 2 % by selecting a more suitable packing pattern (i.e., 76 % for the VS pattern and 74 % for the CS and RS patterns).
Modelling the Dynamics of Phosphorus Digestion in Rainbow Trout

Modelling the Dynamics of Phosphorus Digestion in Rainbow Trout Flavia Mota Damasceno University of Guelph, 2019 Advisor: Dr. Dominique P. Bureau The development of nutritional dietary strategies to efficiently meet phosphorus requirement of fish and minimize phosphorus (P) waste output from aquaculture operation depends on a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic digestion of P by the animals. Dietary P is found under different chemical forms in feed (e.g. bone-P, phytate-P, organicP). Each of these forms has distinct solubility and, therefore, is expected to have different digestion dynamics. This thesis presents: (i) an in vivo trial to assess the dynamic of digestion of dietary P forms postprandially, with emphasis on phytate-P and tricalcium-P; (ii) application of a dynamic model to estimate absorption and endogenous losses of P; (iii) a structural model (path analysis) to study the relationship between parameters important to digestion of P. In Study 1, it was observed that the digestibility of P at the proximal intestine (PI) of rainbow trout was reduced by the presence of phytate-P and tricalcium-P, and calcium (Ca) had a negative effect on Pi absorption. The study provided evidence that the proximal intestine was the primary site for Pi absorption. In Study 2, the validation of a mathematical model evidenced the influence of different forms of dietary P on the rate of absorption and endogenous Pi secretions in different compartments of the
Millet-Wheat Mixed Breads: Impact of Sour Dough Addition on the Enhancement of the Physical Profile of Heat-Moisture Treated Matrices

Impact of commercial dried sour doughs (SD) addition to blended wheat: millet (WT:MI, 60:40, wt:wt) flour matrices previously submitted to heat moisture treatment (HMT) of MI, has been investigated on the doughmaking and breadmaking performances of diluted systems. Soured HMT dough and bread mixed matrices when compared to unsoured HMT counterparts explicited a variable physico-chemical profile, associated to the type and dosage of SD added. Improving effects of SD addition were particularly evident for SDs mixed with wheat/rye milling products in their commercial preparation, giving total titratable acidity (TTA) values (mL NaOH 0.1N/5 g fresh sample) <2.86 in doughs, and providing breads with TTA levels <3.10. Those SDs provided enhancement of dough machinability, delayed gelatinization temperatures and lower transition enthalpies, bigger developed bread volume, improved textural behaviour and finer and homogeneous crumb grain in started HMT blended matrices. 
Regulation of the cortisol stress response during and after exposure to chronic and severe hypoxia in crucian carp (Carassius carassius) and goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Regulation of the cortisol stress response during and after exposure to chronic severe hypoxia in crucian carp (Carassius carassius) and goldfish (Carassius auratus) Michael D. M. Alcorn Advisor: University of Guelph, 2019 Dr. Nicholas J. Bernier To reduce energy utilization and survive extended periods without oxygen, hypoxia-tolerant animals must regulate the production of the catabolic stress hormone, cortisol. To quantify this response, crucian carp and goldfish were exposed to chronic hypoxic conditions and either sampled immediately or recovered in normoxia. While crucian carp reduced plasma cortisol levels in response to anoxia, severe hypoxia and early reoxygenation increased the circulating levels of cortisol in goldfish. In both species, the first 24 h of recovery were also characterized by a general reduction in head kidney steroidogenic enzyme expression. In contrast, recovery was associated with marked increases in the expression of genes involved in cortisol catabolism and in the mRNA levels of liver leptin, a known inhibitory cytokine of the stress response. These results suggest crucian carp and goldfish utilize several mechanisms to regulate the production of cortisol during and after severe hypoxia exposure.
Improved iris localization method for iris recognition

Iris recognition technology has advantages of high security and high stability and can realize non-contact and living recognition. For iris recognition, iris localization is the first step. The localization precision is assurance of high recognition rate. The existing iris localization method has shortage of slow speed. In this paper, an improved iris region localization method is proposed. Firstly, the images are preprocessed with Gaussian blur algorithm. Then the center of the pupil is coarsely located by Gaussian template convolution operation. Finally, the center and the outer edge of the iris are precisely located based on the Integral-differential operation. In experiments, CASIA iris database is used to test the improved iris region localization method. The results show that the location time can be less than 200 ms and the location precision can reach 98. 82%. This method’s usefulness is verified and can promote the application of the iris recognition
EPOXIDATION OF JATROPHA METHYL ESTERS VIA ACIDIC ION EXCHANGE RESIN: OPTIMIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION

Plant oils and their derivatives have been vigorously exploited as alternatives for synthesis of epoxides due to depletion of petroleum resources. In this study, crude jatropha oil (CJO) was subjected to a transesterification process to form jatropha methyl esters (JME) using peroxyacetic acid generated in situ from hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid via an acidic ion exchange resin (AIER). The effect of temperature, molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide to unsaturation, molar ratio of acetic acid to unsaturation, and catalyst loading were investigated. This study revealed that the maximum 89.9% relative conversion to oxirane rings was achieved after 6 h with the optimal reaction conditions of temperature at 70 ̊C, the molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide to unsaturation of 1.5 mol, the molar ratio of acetic acid to unsaturation of 0.5 mol, and catalyst loading of 16%. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra of the epoxidized jatropha methyl esters (EJME) showed oxirane peaks (doublet) at 825 and 843 cm-1.1H NMR confirmed the diepoxide group at 2.85 ppm and 2.98 ppm, while the diepoxide signals of 1C NMR were present at 56.88-57.06 ppm. Production of bio-epoxides from Jatropha methyl esters hence looks promising with favorable physicochemical properties, availability, and versatility.