Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sugar 3D Printing: Additive Manufacturing with Molten Sugar for Investigating Molten Material Fed Printing

Abstract Recent breakthroughs in additive manufacturing of molten glass using gravity-fed mechanisms have opened a new area of research in large-scale extrusion of molten material. However, the machines and techniques used for printing molten glass are expensive and complex due to high process temperature (>1000°C). A mixture of sucrose sugar and corn syrup is proposed as an analogous substitution material for research in molten material fed three-dimensional (3D) printing. Molten sugar is optically transparent and it exhibits similar temperature–viscosity relationship and solidification properties as molten glass, but at a much lower temperature (100–150°C). A low cost, desktop size 3D printer is designed with a temperature controlled sugar reservoir made from easily obtainable parts. The process of printing with molten sugar is demonstrated with success in recreating objects with similar complexity to glass prints. The techniques described in this study can be implemented easily for future investigation.
Comparison of mesophyll protoplast isolation and transformation between Panicum virgatum and Panicum hallii

Protoplasts are appropriate targets for genome editing, DNA functional screens and transgenesis. This project focuses on the comparison of inexpensive mesophyll protoplast isolation via the use of food-grade enzymes and transformation between diploid Panicum hallii Vasey (PAH) and polyploid cellulosic feedstock Panicum virgatum L (switchgrass), a relative of PAH. PAH has great potential as a C4 model species for crop and bioenergy research. Here an inexpensive switchgrass and PAH mesophyll protoplast isolation and transformation system was developed; the first protoplast system for PAH. Using low-cost commercial food-grade enzymes, a cost reduction of ~1000-fold was achieved compared to traditional protoplast isolating enzymes with a cost of $0.003 (USD) per reaction for switchgrass mesophyll protoplasts and $0.0018 (USD) per reaction for switchgrass cell-suspension culture-derived protoplasts. Additionally, PEG-mediated switchgrass mesophyll protoplast transformation was improved to a maximum 30.4 % over the previous transformation efficiency of 9.1 %, achieving higher transformation efficiency with a reduction in DNA quantity. In the first protoplast isolation system for PAH, an average fivefold increase in protoplast yield from PAH leaf tissue over the optimum switchgrass tissue protoplast isolation was shown. PAH yielded an average 7340 ± 1816 viable protoplasts per mg mesophyll tissue and switchgrass yielded 1468 ± 431 viable protoplasts per mg mesophyll tissue with both species having greater than 95 % viable protoplasts. With additional food-grade enzyme concentration optimization, an additional cost decrease to
First-principles responses of solids to atomic displacements and homogeneous electric fields: Implementation of a conjugate-gradient algorithm

The changes in density, wave functions, and self-consistent potentials of solids, in response to small atomic displacements or infinitesimal homogeneous electric fields, are considered in the framework of the density-functional theory. A variational: principle for second-order derivatives of the energy provides a basis for efficient algorithmic approaches to these linear responses, such as the state-by-state conjugate-gradient algorithm presented here in detail. The phase of incommensurate perturbations of periodic systems, that are, like phonons, characterized by some wave vector, can be factorized: the incommensurate problem is mapped on an equivalent one presenting the periodicity of the unperturbed ground state. The singularity of the potential change associated with an homogeneous field is treated by the long-wave method. The efficient implementation of these theoretical ideas using plane waves, separable pseudopotentials, and a nonlinear exchange-correlation core correction is described in detail, as well as other technical issues.
Facilitating collaborative capabilities for future work: What can be learnt from interprofessional fieldwork in health

There is growing pressure in higher education to develop graduates with the capabilities to work effectively in collaborative, interdisciplinary teams to solve the key issues facing humankind. For many years, health has been pioneering interprofessional education as the means to deliver professionals with capacity to work together to deliver high quality, cost-effective, client-centered care. This paper reports on an explorative case study where interviews were undertaken with ten students from different professions who had experienced interprofessional education at three different community sites. The learning was informed by an adapted version of contact hypothesis for use in interprofessional education combined with adult learning principles. Four interrelated metathemes were identified: space and time, informality and independence, which resulted in a more holistic approach to practice. Results suggest that the contact hypothesis, with consideration of contact variables, has the potential to improve the quality of interdisciplinary group interaction.
An Empirical Investigation of Disclosure of Personal Information in Ubiquitous Social Computing

 Abstract —Privacy has already been identified as the main threat to long-term success of ubiquitous computing, especially in environments, which target at promoting ubiquitous social networking. Notably, these environments are founded on disclosure of personal information and thus, the amount of data disclosed is directly proportional to potential networking benefits. The networking advantages would be maximized by sharing all available personal data, however this would result in jeopardizing of users’ privacy and a compromise is necessary. Consequently, privacy management systems of ubiquitous computing must be capable of disclosing only personal data, which is relevant, however not sensitive in specific circumstances. In this paper we provide insight into human personal data sensitivity and disclosure decisions by presenting results of an online survey regarding respondents’ willingness to share their personal information under different circumstances. We believe that our findings provide relevant inputs for the design of management privacy models in ubiquitous
Reading and Studying on the Screen: An Overview of Literature Towards Good Learning Design Practice

As distance education moves increasingly towards online provision, and because of the benefits provided by online approaches, students will be expected to engage with more resources available on screen. Contemporary forms of reading from the screen include reading from tablet devices, LCD monitors, and smartphones. However, print remains the preferred means of reading text, and student preference for print is accentuated when reading involves thorough study (Ackerman & Lauterman, 2012; Foasberg, 2014). Education providers face an interesting challenge. Although many learners prefer having access to printed materials, on-screen reading can improve education’s convenience, portability, media-richness, engagement, support, and data-evidenced practice. In this context it is timely to consider the potential for on-screen reading from the perspective of learning design. This article considers studies related to reading on screen, and suggests good practice principles for on-screen-only learning design.
Performance , Nutrient Digestibility , and Meat Quality of Bali Cattle Fed a Ration Supplemented with Soybean Oil Calcium Soap and Cashew Fruit Flour

The study to evaluate growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites profile and meat fatty acid of Bali cattle treated with 3 different types of rations were conducted using a completely randomized block design with 4 replications. Ration treatments were R1: 40% native grass (NG) + 60% concentrate, R2: 40% NG + 60% concentrate supplemented with 5% soybean oil calcium soap (SOCS), and R3: (40% NG + 60% concentrate supplemented with 5% SOCS + 10% cashew fruit flour (CFF). Variables measured were growth performance, nutrients digestibility, blood metabolites, and meat fatty acid profile. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the differences between treatment means were examined by Duncan Multiple Range Test. Results of the study showed that the 3 different feed treatments did not have any significant effect on dry matter intake and organic matter intake, daily body weight gain, feed efficiency, crude fiber, ADF and NDF digestibilities, cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), total fatty acid contents and content of unsaturated and saturated meat fatty acids of Bali cattle meat. Different treatment rations also did not affect dry matter digestibility, however the treatments significantly affect the organic matter, crude protein, and fat digestibility (P<0.05). Bali cattle fed 5% SOCS (R2) and 5% SOCS + 10% CFF (R3) had higher organic matter and ether extract digestibilities and linoleic acid content of meat (P<0.05) compared with the control (R1). The Bali cattle fed with R1 and R2 had higher crude protein digestibility (P<0.05) compared with that of R3. It is concluded that the supplementation of 5% SOCS and 10% CFF in the ration improved the digestibility of organic matter, ether extract and linoleic fatty acids content in Bali cattle meat.
Investigations in harmonic analysis

This paper is concerned with the theory of ideals in the algebra L1 of integrable functions on a locally compact abelian group. After some preliminaries an analytical proof is given of the known theorem that an analytic function of a Fourier transform represents again a Fourier transform (p. 406). Then, in part I, the continuous homomorphisms of closed ideals I of L1 upon C, the field of complex numbers, are studied. Any such homomorphism is given by a Fourier transform and, if I o is its kernel, the quotient-algebra I/Io, normed in the usual way, is not only algebraically isomorphic, but also isometric with C (Theorem 1.2). Another result states that homomorphic groups have homomorphic L'-algebras and that a corresponding property of isometry holds (Theorem 1.3). In part II, which may be read independently of part I, a theorem of S. Mandelbrojt and S. Agmon, which generalizes Wiener's theorem on the translates of a function in Ll, is extended to groups (Theorem 2.2). Several generalizations of Wiener's classical theorem have been published in the past few years; references to the literature are given on p. 422. The rest of part II is devoted to some applications (pp. 422-425). In conclusion it should be said that the work is carried out in abstract generality, with the methods, and in the spirit, of analysis, which is then applied to algebra. To Professors S. Mandelbrojt, B. L. van der Waerden, and A. Weil I owe my mathematical education. The inspiration which I have received in their lectures, in letters, and above all in personal contact, is at the base of this work ; may I here express my gratitude.
A preliminary in vitro study on the bovine collagen film incorporated with Azadirachta indica plant extract as a potential wound dressing material

Wound healing is a natural process which is delayed in diabetic patients due to physiological changes in cells. Prolonged inflammation is one of the characteristics of diabetic wounds due to increase in induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Wound dressing material with anti inflammatory effects can be used for diabetic wound healing for faster response. Collagen is a natural component in skin which has cell attachment and proliferation effects. Chrome shavings is tannery waste from which collagen can be isolated and can reduce the cost of wound dressing material. It is well known that Azadirachta indica (neem) has antioxidant activities and are used for curing cuts and wounds. Collagen sheet impregnated with neem extract was prepared and checked for nitric oxide reduction using chemical methods and using RAW 264.7 cell lines. Results showed more than 50% nitric oxide reduction in biosheets with 800µg/ml of neem extract in it. Biostability of the sheets were also checked using collagenase assay and the results showed a decrease in degradation in biosheets with neem extract when compared to collagen sheets without neem extract in it. Keywords : Collagen, Azadirachta indica, Raw 264.7 cells, anti inflammatory, biostability.
Conventional ultrasound , ultrasound elasticity imaging , and acoustic radiation force impulse imaging for prediction of malignancy in breast masses

Purpose: To evaluate the value of conventional ultrasound (US), US elasticity imaging (EI), and acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging in predicting breast malignancy. Methods: A total of 323 breast masses from 302 patients underwent conventional US, EI, and ARFI before operation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the predictors for malignancy. Diagnostic performance was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: 231 benign and 92 malignant masses were found. On conventional US, irregular shape, poorly defined margin, > 1 cm in size, inhomogeneous echotexture, contact with the capsule, microcalcification, and Adler II-III on color Doppler US were closely related to breast malignancy. Furthermore, an elasticity score of > 3, a Virtual Touch Tissue Imaging (VTI) grade of > III, and a clear margin on VTI were more common in the malignant group. The average shear wave velocity (SWV) of malignant lesions (7.56 ± 2.54 m/ sec) was higher than that of benign lesions (3.40 ± 1.96 m/sec). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that SWV, mass boundary on VTI, mass boundary on conventional US, microcalcification, and blood flow distribution were risk factors for predicting breast cancer. When the cut-off SWV value of 6.99 m/s was applied for the diagnosis of breast cancer, the area under the ROC curve for SWV was 0.859, and the sensitivity and specificity were 78.3% and 90% respectively. The accuracy was the highest in various US features. Conclusion: ARFI imaging is promising for malignant breast mass prediction, with a higher diagnostic performance compared with conventional US or EI. Therefore, ARFI can be used to supplement conventional US to diagnose breast masses.
Dense nanostructured nickel produced by SPS from mechanically activated powders: enhancement of mechanical properties

An investigation was performed to evaluate the potential of the spark plasma sintering process in producing dense nanostructured materials. Microstructured and nanostructured nickel was sintered by SPS starting from nickel powder (APS 3-7 µm) in the asreceived state and after a mechanical activation using a high-energy ball mill. First, a sintering study to determine SPS processing conditions to reach full densification was carried out with specimens 50mm in diameter and 10mm in height. In a second step, an experimental investigation was undertaken with dense nickel disks to generate tensile properties. The tensile tests were performed at a strain rate of 10-3 s-1 with specimens 16mm in gage length and 4mm in gage diameter. Tensile ductility in excess of 40% was reached with the microstructured nickel. For the nanostructured nickel, high yield stresses in excess of 600 MPa were measured with a tensile ductility of 30%. These results were analyzed through densification and microstructure measurements.
Overview of Security Challenges and Needs in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

Wireless communication has been gaining fast recognition in the current years. Selection of standards depends on the ease of use and level of security it provide. The era of vehicular ad-hoc network (VANETs) are receiving increasing attention from academia and deployment effort from industry. Vehicle Ad-hoc networks (VANETs) is important form of mobile ad-hoc networks. The VANETs provide a smart transmission between vehicles and also among vehicle and roadside infrastructure. VANETs too have few prominent and visible problems like other technologies. Security amongst is the biggest problem. Therefore, working on security protocols in VANETs is essential. This paper discusses the security problems that necessarily are excel to make VANETs almost practical. Keywords— RSU, Security Challenges, Security Protocols, VANETs, Wireless Communication.
Leadership Abilities of a Military Manager, Professionalism of a Commander as the Guarantee of the Practice of Effective Activi-ty of a Military Organization

In their paper, the authors studied sequence of development and importance of leadership, military management as the basis of effective management of the military organization. The emphasis was placed on the managerial qualities of a modern military commander as a leader of a military organization. Leading talent for military commanders was announced on the example of Sun Tsu and Alexander Suvorov. It is stated that charismatic leadership as a special type of leadership is based neither merely on the law and the constitution as in legitimate leadership, nor on tradition as in traditional leadership, but solely on the special talent of a charismatic leader capable of enchanting and leading a mass of people. The authors suggested three groups of elements of the leader's image in relation to the political leader are outlined, namely, personal characteristics – physical, psycho-physiological features, his character, type of personality, individual style of decision making; social characteristics – the status of a leader associated with the official position, as well as related to the origin, wealth, etc. in the paper it is singled out the main psychological and pedagogical properties of the military commander and his functions in modern military management.
Small, young firm flexibility and performance in the context of disruptive innovations

Flexibility is a quality that is frequently associated with small, young firms. However, there has been limited attention given to understanding how flexibility is linked to small firm performance, and limited recognition that flexibility is costly and only advantageous in certain environmental contexts. This paper explores small, young firm flexibility advantages in the context of commercialising radical, architectural, modular, and incremental innovations. Multiple dimensions of flexibility are examined to identify the innovation regimes in which small, young firms may survive and succeed against larger, more established incumbents. The propositions developed extend understanding of the liabilities of newness, start-up performance and flexibility, and the displacement of incumbents by new firms.
Application of Transiograms to Markov Chain Simulation and Spatial Uncertainty Assessment of Land-Cover Classes

The recently proposed two-dimensional (2-D) Markov chain conditional simulation approach has the advantage of incorporating interclass dependences into simulation of categorical variables, which is crucial for spatial prediction and uncertainty assessment of multinomial land-cover classes. To work with sampled point data, the key step is to effectively model experimental transiograms, which are estimated from sampled point data and serve as parameter input to a Markov chain simulation. However, it is difficult to fit complex curve shapes of experimental transiograms using mathematical models. In this paper we suggest a linear interpolation method to efficiently interpolate experimental transiograms into continuous models so that the 2-D Markov chain model works with sampled point data. Case studies show that: (1) land-cover patterns are captured in simulated realizations conditioned on point data using transiograms; (2) spatial uncertainty of land-cover classes, particularly the uncertainty of class polygon boundaries, is clearly revealed in occurrence probability maps; and (3) complex features of transiograms are reproduced in simulated realizations. It is concluded that the method may provide a practical way of using complex transiograms in 2-D Markov chain simulations of multinomial classes.
Appropriate Technology for Oil Spill Management in Developing Nations

Abstract It has been estimated that some 6 million tonnes of crude oil is routinely transported by tankship around the world's oceans on a daily basis. Despite the introduction of stringent operating and safety regimes there remains the possibility of an incident occurring that could threaten the waters and shorelines of countries that are in the vicinity of these routes. Shipboard and international contingency plans assume a level of preparedness which may be limited in some of the countries that lay along these shipping lanes. Although the probability of significant oil pollution incidents occurring whilst the vessel is on the high seas is m minimal, they have occurred, some with considerable impact on the areas concerned. Whilst the majority of countries have some form of mutual aid and agreements in place and a number have access to equipment stockpiles, there are still a significant number of areas where there is heavy reliance on local resources. This paper addresses ways in which countries with limited resources can best be prepared for an oil spill and some of the challenges, which this entails.
A Brief Review on Robotic Exoskeletons for Upper Extremity Rehabilitation to Find the Gap between Research Porotype and Commercial Type

The number of disabled individuals due to stroke is increasing day by day and is projected to continue increasing at an alarming rate in United States. But the current amount of health professionals in physical therapy is inadequate to provide rehabilitation to these large groups. From early 1990s, researchers have been trying to develop an easy and feasible solution to this problem and lot of assistive devices both end effector type or exoskeleton type have been developed till to date. However, only a few of them have been commercialized and are being used in rehabilitation of post-stroke patients. Making the use of exoskeletons and other devices to regain lost motor function is rare. Providing therapy to this large group is quite impossible without commercializing of exoskeleton. This has motivated the authors to make a literature review and figure the reasons out that need to be solved to bridge the gap between research prototype to commercial version. This paper covers the necessity of incorporating robotic devices in rehabilitation, a brief description of existing devices particularly upper limb exoskeletons, their hardware limitations, and control issues. Our review shows that there are significant flaws in hardware design and developing control algorithm of exoskeletons to be available in rehabilitation program.