Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contribution of in vivo and ex vivo studies to understanding the role of antigen-presenting cells and T cell subsets in immunity to cattle diseases

Abstract In vivo and ex vivo studies of the immune system in relation to infectious disease that are carried out in the natural target species provide data that are relevant to understanding the biology of the immune cells and immunity to infection. This is particularly the case for diseases that show host specificity. Ex vivo studies that exploit the surgical cannulation of lymphatic ducts have allowed access to natural dendritic cells. Investigations of these cells have revealed the presence of subpopulations that differ in their ability to stimulate T cells and differ in the range of cytokines synthesized. These differences would be forecast to have major effects on the bias and type of immune response that are induced. Studies in vivo of the effect of depleting T-cell populations with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have shown how different T-cell populations have differing critical roles for different infectious diseases, and how they may contribute to the immune response and pathology after infection. Here the case is made for how studies in cattle have aided our understanding of immunity to several infections that can be exploited for the rational design of effective vaccination and control strategies.
Social Media as a Tool to Increase the Impact of Public Health Research

The article discusses the authors' views about the impact of social media on public health research in America as of 2017, and it mentions hos public health researchers use social media tools to communicate their work and influence mass media coverage of public health-related issues by disseminating press releases. The Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram online social networking services are examined, along with efforts to combat misinformation about public health topics.
Missed hypothyroidism diagnosis uncovered by linking laboratory and pharmacy data.

BACKGROUND Although diagnostic errors are important, they have received less attention than medication errors. Timely follow-up of abnormal laboratory test results represents a critical aspect of the diagnostic process, and failures at this step are a cause of delayed or missed diagnosis, resulting in suboptimal clinical outcomes and malpractice litigation. We linked laboratory and pharmacy databases to (1) explore the potential for linking laboratory and pharmacy databases to uncover diagnostic errors, and (2) determine the frequency of failed follow-up of elevated levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). METHODS We downloaded TSH test results for 2 consecutive years from a laboratory database and linked this database with a pharmacy database to screen for patients with TSH levels of 20 mU/mL or higher who were not receiving levothyroxine. Patients with elevated TSH levels lacking prescriptions were followed up by telephone and record review. RESULTS During the 2-year period, 982 (2.7%) of 36 760 unique patients tested for TSH level had elevated TSH levels. Of these patients, 177 (18.0%) had no recorded levothyroxine prescriptions. We attempted to contact 177 patients with high TSH levels who were not taking thyroid medications and reached 123 (69.5%). Of the 123 patients we were able to reach, 12 in 2000 and 11 in 2001 were unaware of their abnormal test results or a diagnosis of hypothyroidism, representing 2.3% of 982 patients with elevated TSH levels. We were unable to reach another 54 patients (5.5% of the total number of patients with elevated TSH levels) by either telephone or mail. CONCLUSIONS By linking laboratory and pharmacy databases, we uncovered patients who did not undergo follow-up for abnormal TSH results. Conservatively, there was no follow-up for abnormal TSH results in more than 2% of patients, and another 5% of patients were lost to follow-up and possibly unaware of their results. Uncovering patients with missed diagnosis illustrates a potential use of linking laboratory and pharmacy databases to identify vulnerabilities in the care system and improve patient safety.
Mechanisms of Cardiac Fibrillation

18. R. C. Desrosiers, AIDS Pes. Horn. Retrovlr. 10, 331 fibrillation (6). Fuirthermi-ore, the width of 8. R. M. Ruprecht et al., J. AIDS 3, 591 (1990); P. M. (1994). thcse frcurc pcr a erltdt Ruprecht et al., Proc. Nat! Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87, 19. D. D. Ho and Y. Cao. N. Engl. 3. Med. 332. 1647reule spcrca beeatdo 5558 (1990); R. C. Horn, P. W. Finberg, S. Mullaney, (1995). the frequency of rotation of the rotor, thei H. M. Ruprecht, 3. Virol. 65, 220 (1991);R. M. RU20. F. Kirchhoff, H. W. Kostler, R. C. Desrosiers. 3. Virol. speed of its motion, and the wave speed prechit and R. Bronson, DNA Ce//Pie! O. 13, 59 (1994). 68. 2031 (1994). throuui h oplrpeninnicod 9 R. M. Huprecht et al. unpublished data. 21. ~Wethank L. Geronimo tor preparing this maniuscript. "I~teDppe hnmeo cod 10. M. L. Marthas et a! , 3. Virol. 64, 3694 (1990). Supported in part by NIH grants 2RD1 A132330-05 MItL to the following relationship: 11 3. 5. Dibbs et a). , AIDS Res. Hum. Retrovir. 10, 607 and 2BD1 A135533 02, DAMD grant 1 7 94-J-4431 (1994). to H.M. R. , and bytheCentertorAIDS Research core 1/1+ O, . /)<<f, < /(I >~5t 12, M. L. Marthas et a). , 3. Virol. 69, 4198 (1995). grant (P3
Diversité génétique des VIH et ses conséquences HIV genetic diversity and its consequences

Human immunodeficiency viruses HIV-1 and HIV-2 are the results of multi-interspecies transmissions from simian virus to humans. HIV-1 viruses are very divergent and are classified in three groups: M, N and O. The group M is subdivided in nine subtypes and numerous Circulating Recombinant Forms. In 1996, protease inhibitors and HAART disposal have modified the prognostic of the HIV infection. However, one of the major problems is the emergence of antiretroviral resistance. A major advance from the last year is the access to antiretroviral in resources limited countries. On the other hand, the development of a vaccine is today hypothetic. # 2008 Elsevier Masson SAS. Tous droits réservés. Mots clés : VIH-1 ; VIH-2 ; Sous-types ; Résistance ; Antirétroviraux ; Vaccins
Dynamic changes in receptive-field size in cat primary visual cortex.

Immediately after focal retinal lesions, receptive fields (RFs) in primary visual cortex expand considerably, even when the retinal damage is limited to the photoreceptor layer. The time course of these changes suggests that mere lack of stimulation in the vicinity of the RF accompanied by stimulation in the surrounding region causes the RF expansion. While recording from single cells in cat area 17, we simulated this pattern of stimulation with a pattern of moving lines in the visual field, masking out an area covering the RF of the recorded cell, thereby producing an "artificial scotoma. " Over approximately 10 min this masking resulted in a 5-fold average expansion in RF area. Stimulating the RF center caused the field to collapse in size, returning to near its original extent; reconditioning with the masked stimulus led to RF reexpansion. Stimulation in the surrounding region was required for the RF expansion to occur--little expansion was seen during exposure to a blank screen. We propose that the expansion may account for visual illusions, such as perceptual fill-in of stabilized images and illusory contours and may constitute the prodrome of altered cortical topography after retinal lesions. These findings support the idea that even in adult animals RFs are dynamic, capable of being altered by the sensory context.
Indispensable structure of solution additives to prevent inactivation of lysozyme for heating and refolding

This article investigates solution additives that prevent misfolding of lysozyme from heating treatment and during refolding processes. Comparison of heat treatment of native lysozyme and oxidative refolding from the reduced and denatured state of lysozyme in the presence of 44 different additives revealed an indispensable chemical structure for the additives to be effective against heat‐induced misfolding and for refolding. The additives effective against heat treatment of native lysozyme possessed a main chain of the amino acid moiety. Amino acids that have esterificated and amidated carboxy groups prevented heat‐induced misfoldings more effectively than amino acids themselves. On the other hand, the additives effective against oxidative refolding possessed a guanidium or ureido group. The former additives prevented hydrophobic interaction between the main chains of the unfolded polypeptide, while the latter additives increased the solubility of the aromatic and aliphatic side‐chains. These data also support the fact that arginine (Arg) and Arg derivatives are versatile additives for both misfolding processes. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog. , 2009
Modèle de comportement communicatif conventionnel pour un agent en interaction avec des humains : Approche par jeux de dialogue. (A conventional communicative behaviour model for an agent interacting with humans)

Cette these a pour objectif l’amelioration des capacites communicatives des agents logiciels en interaction avec des humains. Dans ce but, nous proposons une methodologie basee sur l’etude d’un corpus d’interactions Homme-Homme orientees vers la realisation d’une tâche. Nous proposons un cadre qui s’appuie sur les jeux de dialogue afin de modeliser des motifs dialogiques observes. Nous illustrons la specification de tels jeux depuis des motifs extraits en appliquant l'ensemble des etapes de noter methodologie a un corpus. Les jeux specifies sont valides en montrant qu’ils decrivent de facon appropriee les motifs apparaissant dans le corpus de reference. Enfin, nous montrons l’interet interpretatif et generatif de notre modele pour le fondement du comportement communicatif conventionnel d’un agent interagissant avec un humain. Nous implementons ce modele dans le module Dogma, exploitable par un agent dans un dialogue impliquant deux interlocuteurs.
Bayesian Nonparametric Modeling in Quantile Regression

We propose Bayesian nonparametric methodology for quantile regression modeling. In particular, we develop Dirichlet process mixture models for the error distribution in an additive quantile regression formulation. The proposed nonparametric prior probability models allow the data to drive the shape of the error density and thus provide more reliable predictive inference than models based on parametric error distributions. We consider extensions to quantile regression for data sets that include censored observations. Moreover, we employ dependent Dirichlet processes to develop quantile regression models which allow the error distribution to change nonparametrically with the covariates. Posterior inference is implemented using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. We assess and compare the performance of our models using both simulated and real data sets.
Exploring the latest avenues for antiepileptic drug discovery and development

ABSTRACT Introduction: In about 30% of patients with epilepsy, seizures are not sufficiently controlled with the available antiepileptic medication. There is a need for newer drugs, not only aimed at suppressing seizure activity but for the efficient inhibition of epileptogenesis. Areas covered: In this review, the authors consider different approaches for the management of drug-resistant epilepsy and various possible ways on how to stop epileptogenesis. Expert opinion: There is limited evidence for antiepileptogenic effects of antiepileptic drugs. Post-status epilepticus animal models will probably help the discovery of antiepileptogenic compounds among already approved non-antiepileptic drugs or other agents. A good example is losartan, which significantly inhibits epileptogenesis in vivo. Some agents that affect the mTOR signaling system, or that inhibit the synthesis of the proconvulsant cytokine as well as those derived from plants (resveratrol) also seem effective in this regard. Furthermore, agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors have proven effective in some models of seizures but data on their possible antiepileptogenic activity is quite limited. In addition to the discovery of new antiepileptogenic and/or antiepileptic compounds, there is a possibility of improving the treatment of drug-resistant cases through the rational use of antiepileptic drug combinations.
Intravenous Lidocaine versus Morphine Sulfate in Pain Management for Extremity Fractures; a Clinical Trial

Introduction: Considering the existing contradictions regarding effectiveness of intravenous (IV) lidocaine, especially in emergency department (ED), the present study was designed to compare the analgesic effect of IV lidocaine and morphine sulfate in pain management for extremity bone fractures. Method: In this triple blind clinical trial, 15 to 65 year-old patients with extremity fractures and in need of pain management were randomly allocated to either IV lidocaine or morphine sulfate group and were compared regarding severity of pain 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 minutes after infusion via intention to treat analysis. The absolute risk reduction, number needed to treat and relative risk of IV lidocaine after 30 minutes were 0.40 (95%CI: 0.25 – 0.64), 7 (95%CI: 3.7 – 23.1), and 20.71 (95%CI: 10.91 – 30.51), respectively. Results: 280 patients with the mean age of 32.50 ± 12.77 years were randomly divided into 2 equal groups of 140 (73.9% male). The 2 groups had similar baseline characteristics. 15 minutes after injection success rate was 49.28% in lidocaine and 33.57% in morphine sulfate group (p = 0.011), and after 30 minutes it reached 85.71% and 65.00%, respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, IV lidocaine could be considered as a reasonable alternative choice for pain management in ED.
ALOS PALSAR tomography: An experiment in suburban environment

Tomographic SAR (TomoSAR) is an imaging technique to reconstruct the radar reflectivity in the elevation direction. In this paper, a simulation experiment of TomoSAR with ALOS PALSAR assuming suburban environment is presented. The first simulation shows the requirement of SAR data samples along the elevation aperture. The second simulation suggests that a reflectivity magnitude and phase may not be correctly reconstructed.
The Factor VIII Bypassing Activity of Prothrombin Complex Concentrates: The Roles of Factor VIla and of Endothelial Cell Tissue Factor

Summary An experimental model incorporating cultured endothelial cells (EC) was used to study the "factor VIII bypassing" activity of prothrombin complex concentrates (PCC), a property exploited in the treatment of hemophiliacs with alloantibodies to factor VIII. Two PCC preparations were ineffective as stimuli of tissue factor expression by EC. However, incubation with a combination of PCC plus endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induced much greater tissue factor expression than was seen in response to either substance alone. PCC expressed an additional direct procoagulant activity at the EC surface, which could not be attributed to either thrombin or factor Xa, and which was diminished by an anti-tissue factor antibody. Therefore factor VIIa, which was detectable in both PCC preparations, likely provided this additional direct procoagulant activity at the EC surface. We also excluded the possibility that coagulation proteases contained in or generated in the presence of PCC are protected from inactivation by AT III. Therefore, PCC can indirectly bypass factor VIII by enhancing induced endothelial tissue factor expression, and also possess direct procoagulant activity, probably mediated by factor VIIa.
Robuvit® and endurance in triathlon: improvements in training performance, recovery and oxidative stress.

AIM The aim of this registry study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with Robuvit® (Quercus robur wood extract, or "QR") on performance and endurance in triathlon by evaluating amateur athletes in a period of 2 weeks of training. Supplementation with QR may improve training efficiency (by decreasing post-triathlon, muscular pain, cramps and by improving recovery time). Robuvit® should decrease post-training plasma free radicals (PFR). METHODS Sixty-one subjects (age range 30-40) were included in the study. Subjects followed a free diet. An isotonic saline drink was suggested to all subjects. RESULTS After 2 weeks there were 27 subjects using the supplement and 27 without supplementation. The groups were comparable. All subjects improved in training considering the 3 events (swim, biking, run). The improvement was greater with Robuvit® (P<0.05) for the swim and biking (P<0.05); the running time decreased by 12.32% in subjects using Robuvit® (3.6% in controls; P<0.05). The improvement the total triathlon time was -10.56% with Robuvit® in comparison to -3.41% in controls. SAFETY no side effects or tolerance problems were reported; all QR capsules were used as indicated. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the -10.56% shorter total trioathlon time was considered as very good improvement, considering that for this type of athletes being almost at the top of their form it is difficult to improve even further without severe training. Training was considered better (on an analogue scale) in the QR group (P<0.05). Postrun muscular pain, cramps, localized pain, straining and the recovery time, were all considered better with QR (P<0.05). Plasma free radical (PFR) values 1 hour after the final run were, on average,16.98% higher in controls (P<0.05), indicating a higher level of oxidative stress. Higher levels of PFR are associated with a slower recovery. All routine blood tests were normal at inclusion and after the final triathlon. After the final test run triathlon athletes using QR had a lower increase of UBR and LDH (indicator of hemolysis). These two tests were significantly increased in controls (P<0.05) but not in the Robuvit® group. Robuvit® supplementation improved training, results and decreased hemolysis.
A Focused Intervention for 1st-Year College Students: Promoting Hope, Sense of Coherence, and Self-Efficacy

ABSTRACT Many students experience elevated psychological distress during their 1st year at college. Within the salutogenic paradigm (A. Antonovsky, 1987), sense of coherence (SOC), self-efficacy, and hope (in terms of hope theory; C. R. Snyder, 2002) are considered as protective factors in the demanding academic system. Study goals were to examine the outcomes of a focused workshop for 43 students, targeting the promotion of hope, sense of coherence, and self-efficacy for enhancing students’ academic adjustment as expressed through their grades. Results revealed an effect over the 3 measurement time-points (before the workshop, immediately after it, and after 1 month), as well as the interactions of time and hope levels. Although their mean grades were not statistically different before the intervention, students who achieved higher levels of hope following the workshop got higher grades in the semester following the intervention. SOC and self-efficacy scores were significantly related both to hope levels after 1 month and to mean grades. The implications of this study for promoting a hopeful orientation in educational systems are discussed, and future interventional research is suggested.
Genetic mapping of myopia susceptibility loci.

PURPOSE Myopia (short sightedness) is a complex trait influenced by as yet unidentified genetic factors. To date, there have been four myopia susceptibility loci (MYP7 to -10) identified in twin studies, but these are yet to be independently verified. In an independent yet ethnically and phenotypically similar twin cohort, linkage to these chromosomal regions was sought. METHODS Participants were 223 dizygotic twin pairs from the Australian Twin Registry who were assessed for evidence of linkage, by using polymorphic microsatellite markers spanning MYP7-10. Data were analyzed by using Haseman-Elston regression analysis. RESULTS No evidence of linkage of myopia or its underlying biological components such as eye length to the MYP7-10 regions was found in this twin cohort. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to assess for linkage in a secondary myopia twin cohort and highlights the problems associated with applying linkage results from complex traits to the other populations.
Perinatal management of newborns with haemophilia

The dawn of potentially curative strategies for haemophilia, advances in gene diagnosis and the availability of safer clotting factor concentrates for treatment and prophylaxis make it imperative that newborns with haemophilia be appropriately diagnosed and managed. They can then avoid the crippling consequences of haemophilia and avail themselves of a better quality of life. Additionally, once a diagnosis has been made, the infant’s parents should be provided with information concerning haemophilia, what to look for, when to seek medical advice and how to care for the child. Haemophilia A and B are X-linked bleeding disorders and can present with haemorrhage in the neonatal period. The genes for factor (F) VIII and F IX are located at the tip of the long arm of chromosome X. Haemophilia occurs in 1:5000 male births, affects all racial groups and is worldwide in distribution. Approximately 80‐85% of cases are haemophilia A (F VIII deficiency) and 15‐20% are haemophilia B (F IX deficiency). Based on plasma levels of F VIII or IX coagulant (F VIII:C or F IX:C), which usually correlate with disease severity, haemophilia is classified as mild (. 5% to , 40%), moderate (1‐5%) or severe (, 1%). Roughly twothirds of newly diagnosed infants have a family history of haemophilia, whereas one-third have no family history of haemophilia and are referred to as sporadic cases. Haemophilia in these infants is usually as a result of a mutation that arose in the infant’s mother or in one of the maternal grandparents. The most common genetic alteration is an inversion mutation (commonly referred to as the ‘flip tip’ mutation). This accounts for 45% of cases of severe haemophilia A, and 90% of the mothers of such patients are carriers (Antonarakis et al, 1995).
ON BEING THE RIGHT SIZE: HEART DESIGN, MITOCHONDRIAL EFFICIENCY and LIFESPAN POTENTIAL

1. From the smallest shrew or bumble‐bee bat to the largest blue whale, heart size varies by over seven orders of magnitude (from 12 mg to 600 kg). This study reviews the scaling relationships between heart design, cellular bioenergetics and mitochondrial efficiencies in mammals of different body sizes.
Eat and run? The hunger/satiation hypothesis in vertical migration: history, evidence and consequences

The study of vertical migrations in aquatic organisms has a long and colourful history, much of it to do with the effects of changing sampling technology on our understanding of the phenomenon. However, the overwhelming majority of such studies carried out today still depend on detecting differences in vertical distribution profiles during some course of time, or acoustic echoes of migrating bands of organisms. These can not distinguish migratory activity of individual organisms, but can only assess net results of mass transfers of populations, which may integrate many individual migrations. This is an important distinction, for without knowing the actual movements of individuals it seems unlikely that we will be able to understand their causes, nor the effects of vertical migrations on the environment or on the migrators themselves. This review examines evidence for individual vertical movements gathered from ‘tracers ‘, mainly gut contents, and reviews the evidence for the hypothesis that such movements are in fact driven by hunger and satiation. The more recently appreciated vertical migrations of phytoplankters and their similarities in form and driving forces to those of zooplankton and nekton are also discussed. Finally, the role of vertical migrators in vertical fluxes of materials is discussed, along with the consequences of satiation‐driven descent for such estimates.