Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Critical-Comparative Analysis of Post-global English Language Education:: The Cases of Korea and Japan

In Northeast Asia, as in many other regions, local administrations have interpreted English language acquisition as central to enhancing national competitiveness within the currently dominant neoliberalfinancial paradigm. Against this background, this comparative analysis critically reviews the structural and ideological processes by which global English impacts the Japanese and Korean educational domains, employing the linguistic imperialism framework (Phillipson, 1992) as its principal theoretical lens. In doing so, this inquiry aims to respond to local calls (see Kubota, 1998) for comprehension of the sociocultural impact of global English within economically developed, neo-colonial contexts. As a comparative study, this report focuses on neighboring settings in an effort to draw attention to the friction between the obligation to learn English for local empowerment and the underlying inequities that are strengthened by ELT locally. Through close examination of the conditions presented by Japanese and Korean academics, it is determined that the sustained transmission of globalization discourse has been a primary impetus in communicating, from the state level to the public, the symbolic worth of ELL. The pluralistic representation of internationalization and Englishization acts not only as a mechanism for countering global tensions but as a tool for élite privilege fortification, sustaining circular socioeconomic inequity based on linguistic competence, thereby depriving learners of authentic agency when “electing” to participate in ELL.
A study on the thermophysiological and tactile comfort properties of silk/lyocell blended fabrics

Certain investigations on the thermophysiological and tactile comfort properties of silk/lyocell blended fabrics have been carried out. A series of yarns were produced as 100% silk (S 100), 75% silk and 25% lyocell (S/L 75:25), 50% silk and 50% lyocell (S/L 50:50), 25% silk and 75% lyocell (S/L 25:75) and 100% lyocell (L 100) and converted to woven fabrics keeping the same fabric set. FTIR study on silk, lyocell and silk/lyocell blended fabrics show the characteristic functional groups for the respective fabrics. The effects of blend compositions on thermophysiological and tactile comfort properties were examined and the results show that thermal resistance of the fabrics containing silk has a higher value in comparison with lyocell-rich blends. Water vapour permeability, absorbency and wickability for lyocell and lyocell-rich blends are found to be superior as compared to 100% silk fabrics. With respect to drape, bending length and crease recovery the lyocell rich fabrics are good in comparison with 100% silk fabrics. The results are discussed using one way ANOVA with 5% significant level. Keywords: silk, lyocell, blending, comfort, eco-friendly.
Experimental Study of Prepared Killed Vaccine For S. Aureus in Local Rabbits

This study was performed to estimate the S. aureus prepared killed vaccine in rabbits. The isolate of S. aureus that used in the present study were obtained from the college of veterinary medicine, University of Fallujah which were confirmed by using gram stain and other biochemical tests. A total of 30 local rabbits were used in this study, these were divided into 3 groups, each group contain 10 rabbits, the group 1 used as control negative, group 2 given 1 ml antigen contained 20 mg according to the pilot study that performed, group 3 serve as control positive. At day 21 post-immunization, a skin test was done, at the day 28 post first immunization, the rabbits of group 2 and 3 were challenged intra peritoneal with (1ml) of bacterial suspension containing 1×108 cfu/ml of viable virulent S. aureus. At day 33 post immunization, the rabbits were sacrificed then postmortem examination was carried out to all sacrificed rabbits, pieces from internal organs (liver, spleen and kidney). The results showed that all animals in G2 showed positive reaction after 24 and 48 hrs. for skin test, the result of bacterial isolation after challenge with virulent Staphylococcus aureus showed the isolation of heavy bacterial isolation in control positive group from different organs of body, while immunized groups showed significant decrease in bacterial isolation as compared with control positive. The result of histopathological study of G2 showed PMNs infiltration in liver, spleen and kidney, with vacuolar degeneration of epithelial lining the renal tubule, also, the spleen showed hemorrhage, congestion of red pulp. In conclusion, the killed vaccine that prepared showed a higher effectively when given to the rabbits; furthermore in our conclusion some bacteria were spread from the site of inoculation toward internal organs and during the course of the experiment, activated macrophages engulfed and destroyed most of them.
Deploying UAV based on Reinforcement Learning for Throughput Maximization in UAV Environments

요 약 현재 5G 기술의 상용화가 이루어 지는 단계이지만 통신 품질을 안정적으로 높이기 위해서는 많은 기 지국이 필요하다. 따라서 지상 기지국을 대신하여 UAV-Base Station(UAV-BS)로 이동성과 경제적 이점 을 얻을 수 있도록 연구가 이루어 지고 있는 추세이다. 이에 본 논문은 다수의 사용자가 UAV 통신을 할 때, 사용자들의 요구량을 고려하여 최적의 서비스 처리량을 가질 수 있는 위치를 찾는 기법을 제안한다. The Air-To-Ground Path Loss Model을 토대로 가상 통신 환경 구축하고, 사용자 요구량에 따른 공평한 채널 사용 시간 분배를 위해 Airtime Fairness를 적용한다. 더불어, 본 논문은 서비스 처리량 최대 위치를 찾기 위한 방법으로 Proximal Policy Optimization(PPO) 강화학습 알고리즘을 사용한다. 결과적으로 본 연 구를 통해 서로 다른 요구량을 가진 사용자들이 임의로 배치되어 있을 때, 학습의 결과 모델을 통해 높 은 서비스 처리량을 가진 위치를 찾을 수 있었다.
On Contact Surgery and Knot Floer Invariants

We establish some general relations between Heegaard-Floer-based contact invariants. In particular, we observe that if the contact invariant of large negative, respectively positive, contact surgeries along a Legendrian knot does not vanish, then the Legendrian invariant, respectively the Legendrian inverse limit invariant, of that knot is non-zero. We use sutured Floer homology and the limit constructions due to Golla and Etnyre, Vela-Vick and Zarev.
Broadband Millimeter-Wave Textile-Based Flexible Rectenna for Wearable Energy Harvesting

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands, a key part of future 5G networks, represent a potential channel for RF energy harvesting, where the high-gain antenna arrays offer improved end-to-end efficiency compared with sub-6-GHz networks. This article presents a broadband mmWave rectenna, the first rectenna realized on a flexible textile substrate for wearable applications. The proposed novel antenna’s bandwidth extends from 23 to 40 GHz, with a minimum radiation efficiency of 67% up to 30 GHz, over 3-dB improvement compared with a standard patch. A stable gain of more than 8 dB is achieved based on a textile reflector plane. The antenna is directly connected to a textile-based microstrip voltage doubler rectifier utilizing commercial Schottky diodes. The rectifier is matched to the antenna using a tapered line feed for high-impedance matching, achieving broadband high voltage sensitivity. The rectifier has a peak RF–dc efficiency of 12% and a 9.5-dBm 1-V sensitivity from 23 to 24.25 GHz. The integrated rectenna is demonstrated with more than 1.3-V dc output from 12 dBm of mmWave wireless power across a 28% fractional bandwidth from 20 to 26.5 GHz, a 15% half-power fractional bandwidth, and a peak output of 6.5 V from 20 dBm at 24 GHz.
Network reliability: Heading out on the highway

A variety of probabilistic notions of network reliability of graphs and digraphs have been proposed and studied since the early 1950s. Although grounded in the engineering and logistics of network design and analysis, the research also spans pure and applied mathematics, with connections to areas as diverse as combinatorics and graph theory, combinatorial enumeration, optimization, probability theory, real and complex analysis, algebraic topology, commutative algebra, the design and analysis of algorithms, and computational complexity. In this paper we describe the landscape of various notions of network reliability, the roads well traveled, and some that appear likely to lead to meaningful and important journeys.
Analysis of lignin and extractives in the oak wood of the 17th century warship Vasa

Abstract The wood in the 17th century Swedish warship Vasa is weak. A depolymerization of the wood’s cellulose has been linked to the weakening, but the chemical mechanisms are yet unclear. The objective of this study was to analyze the lignin and tannin moieties of the wood to clarify whether the depolymerization of cellulose via ongoing oxidative mechanisms is indeed the main reason for weakening the wood in the Vasa. Lignin was analyzed by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance [cross-polarization/magic-angle spinning (CP/MAS) 13C NMR] and by means of wet chemical degradation (thioacidolysis) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the products. No differences could be observed between the Vasa samples and the reference samples that could have been ascribed to extensive lignin degradation. Wood extracts (tannins) were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) combined with time-of-flight (TOF) MS and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The wood of the Vasa contained no discernible amounts of tannins, whereas still-waterlogged Vasa wood contained ellagic acid and traces of castalagin/vescalagin and grandinin. The results indicate that the condition of lignin in the Vasa wood is similar to fresh oak and that potentially harmful tannins are not present in high amounts. Thus, oxidative degradation mechanisms are not supported as a primary route to cellulose depolymerization.
Financial Literacy and its Determinants

Possessing basic financial knowledges is vital for individual and societal wellbeing. For granted that, this study sought to explain financial literacy and its determinants, from uncovered financial-economics setting. For this purpose both quantitative and qualitative data were collected through self-administered questioner from random samples of 271 civil servants, working in Maichew Town of Tigray. Both descriptive and explanatory study designs were employed for the purpose of this study. Financial literacy as dependent variable, expressed in terms of binary outcomes, was regressed on predictor variables of Age, Gender, Income level, Work experience, Field of study, Marital status, Field of study, Access to financial news, and dependents in household. Hence logistic regression was run on stata 12 statistical software. In this study Gender, Field of study, Access to financial news, and presence of dependents on household were found to have a significant effect on financial literacy level of respondents. Whereas the variables age, work experience, religion, marital status, education level, and income level were found to have no statistically significant relationship with financial literacy.
TORSIONAL POTENTIAL OF BIPHENYL : AB INITIO CALCULATIONS WITH THE DUNNING CORRELATION CONSISTED BASIS SETS

The internal rotational barrier heights of biphenyl were calculated with the Dunning correlation consisted basis sets (up to cc-pVQZ, 960 basis functions) and the electron correlation correction by the second order Mo/ller-Plesset method (MP2). Although previous Hartree–Fock (HF) and MP2 calculations showed that the internal rotational barrier height at 0° (ΔE0) was substantially larger than that at 90° (ΔE90), our MP2/cc-pVQZ//MP2/6-31G* calculations showed that ΔE0 (2.28 kcal/mol) was close to ΔE90 (2.13 kcal/mol), which agreed with the estimation from experimental measurements. The calculations of benzene dimers suggested that the dispersion interaction increased the relative stability of the coplanar conformer. The basis sets employed in the previous calculations were not large enough to evaluate the attractive dispersion interaction. The underestimation of the stabilization of the coplanar conformer by the dispersion interaction would be one of the reasons for the overestimation of ΔE0 in the previou.
Coal dust in the wind: Interpreting the industrial past of South Wales

Abstract South Wales was once synonymous with coal, now among the most globally controversial natural resources due to its association with anthropogenic climate change. In the early twentieth century, Wales was the largest worldwide producer of coal, and mines employed more than ten percent of those living in the country. With rapid closure of coal mines between the 1960s and 1980s, Welsh communities lost the main source of their social and economic identity. Thirty years after the era of mass pit closures, industrial tourism attractions throughout the region relate the story of coal’s heritage. With calls for renewed mining gaining traction in many countries, consideration of how coal mining is remembered in South Wales is beneficial to those advocating for a move towards the use of sustainable resources and to scholars interested in the relationship between tourism, place, and memory. An analysis is given of the interpretive discourses presented at the five most prominent coal tourism attractions in Wales, Big Pit National Coal Museum, Rhondda Heritage Park, Cefn Coed Colliery Museum, South Wales Miners’ Museum, and the National Waterfront Museum, complemented with consideration of visitor perceptions at two of the sites. Among the interpretive themes highlighted are: the importance of coal, dangers of coal mining, union activity, the centrality of coal to communities, and the absence of descriptions of coal’s environmental impacts. Visitor engagement with these themes is discussed along with the potential for attractions to impart insight into the broader consequences of coal mining. The positive, often nostalgic, portrayal of coal and the calls for renewed mining within South Wales’ attractions are not complemented with a reckoning of the negative environmental legacy of the resource at the local or global scales.
Quantum challenge-response identification using single qubit unitary operators

In challenge-response authentication, the claimants are required to prove that they are legitimate users while minimizing the exposure of their confidential information. We propose a quantum challenge-response identification protocol using single qubit unitary operators that utilizes the mechanism of challenge-response, unlike most existing protocols that use (one-time) password authentication. We utilized the commutation relations of single qubit unitary operators to design this protocol that ensures the security of confidential information during identification in a quantum computing environment. For security analysis, we estimated the average fidelity of two quantum states after performing operations with the unitary operators based on the random numbers generated by two users. Subsequently, we evaluated the amount of information acquired by an eavesdropper to show that the proposed protocol is robust against impersonation and intercept-measurement attacks. Finally, we described the advantages of the protocol by comparing it with the existing quantum identification protocols.
THE PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES OF NIGERIA EXECUTIVE ORDER 009: COMPARATIVE STATUTORY AND INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS WITH INDIA SWACHH BHARAT MISSION FOR UNITED NATIONS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

The need for access to safe drinking water, water quality and sustainable water supplies cannot be over-emphasized. In order to have safe drinking water, efforts were made globally through the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals; especially Goal 6. This goal was aimed at ensuring availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all. It was observed that since the launch of these goals in 2015, leaders of the world started to launch this programme in their own ways towards attaining the same objective for their people. In America, the government came up with USAID Water and Development Plan. India through their government emulated them with the launch of Swachh Bharat Mission which is aimed at eliminating open defecation through the construction of household-owned and community-owned toilets and establishing an accountable mechanism of monitoring toilet use. In their own bid, Nigeria through their government came up with the Executive Order 009 which is aimed at ensuring open defecation free-Nigeria by 2025. The comparative evaluation of India and Nigeria approaches towards eradicating open defecation for safe drinking water and good health in line with the United Nations sustainable goals formed the fulcrum of this paper. We made recommendations for sustainable development.
An Exaggerated Monocyte-Derived Cytokine Response to Candida Hyphae in Patients With Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

Abstract Background Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) affects up to 8% of women. The immunopathogenesis is poorly understood but it has been suggested that RVVC might be due to dysregulated innate immune response. The aim of this study was to compare cytokine profiles in stimulated primary mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from RVVC and healthy individuals. Methods PBMCs isolated from RVVC patients (n = 24) and healthy volunteers (n = 30) were stimulated with unspecific and pathogen-specific antigens. Cytokine production was assessed after 24 hours, 48 hours, and 7 days using ELISA. Results No significant differences in cytokine production were found in T helper 1 (Th1), Th2, and Th17 immunity in response to both unspecific and pathogen-specific stimulations. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production in response to C. albicans hyphae was significantly higher in patients than controls and within the patient group, a significant positive correlation was found between interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and both TNF-α and IL-6. Both IL-1β/IL-1Ra and TNF-α/IL-10 ratios in Candida hyphae-stimulated PBMCs were significantly higher in patients than controls. Conclusions Women affected by RVVC showed increased monocytes-derived cytokine production, which might contribute to an exaggerated vaginal immune response to Candida hyphae. RVVC patients show no defective Th-dependent adaptive immune response upon Candida stimulation.
Efficiency and responsiveness of using phosphorus and molecular diversity among soybean cultivars

Plants use two strategies for their development under nutrient limiting conditions that are the efficiency increase of usage and acquisition. In this situation, the use of efficient genotypes for acquisition and utilization of phosphorus (P) may be a complementary solution to minimize possible problems related to this nutrient in Brazilian soils. Thus, this study aimed to verify the efficiency, response, and cultivar molecular diversity concerning the phosphorus availability variations. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using twelve soybean cultivars, such as W 711; MSoy 7211; Anta 82; TMG 1176; MSoy 7908; TMG 132; Valiosa; MSoy 8766; BRS 271; MSoy 9144; Tracajá; and Candeia. The seeds of each cultivar were sown on soil with two doses: 30 and 300 mg P per soil kg. The efficiency indexes, response to P, and molecular analyzes were evaluated. The most efficient cultivars in the use of P and responsive to the increase of P were TMG 1176, TMG 132, Valiosa, and MSoy 9144.
Evaluation of the Completeness of Spatial Data Infrastructure in the Context of Cadastral Data Sharing

The idea behind the Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe (INSPIRE) project was to provide EU citizens with access to various types of information, including environmental protection and spatial management data. These resources can be viewed (Web Map Service—WMS) and downloaded (Web Feature Service—WFS) online. Cadastral datasets represent one of the 34 spatial data themes in the spatial data infrastructure (SDI). The functionality of the SDI has not yet been fully achieved due to the failure of the WMS and WFS network services. The aim of this article was to assess the completeness of the SDI containing cadastral datasets. The present study has practical implications. The proposed diagnostic tool supports an assessment of the completeness of SDI resources in seven diagnostic groups (technical and legal identifiers, the cadastral information profile, the WMS network service, the WFS network service, source cadastral databases, data validity, and WMS and WFS standardization). The developed assessment methodology enables the identification of websites that publish cadastral data through INSPIRE network services, as well as problematic websites, and it has high development potential. The results of the assessment should be used in the ongoing construction of the SDI. They can also be used to improve the quality of network services and their availability for end users.
Hyperconnectivity in Dementia Is Early and Focal and Wanes with Progression.

We investigated in a longitudinal multicenter cohort study functional cortical connectivity changes along the course of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) from the prodromal stage of the diseases. Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded in 18 FTD and 18 AD patients at the prodromal stage of dementia, at dementia onset, and 3 years after dementia onset. Twenty healthy controls (HC) underwent EEG recordings at the same time interval as the patients. Mutual information (MI) analysis measured the strength of functional network connectivity. FTD and AD patients showed greater MI at the prodromal stage of dementia (FTD vs. HC P = 2 × 10-8; AD vs. HC P = 4 × 10-3). Local connectivity was higher in left and right frontal areas of FTD (P = 7 × 10-5 and 0.03) and in left and right posterior areas in AD (P = 3 × 10-5 and 5 × 10-5) versus HC. We showed cortical hyperconnectivity at the prodromal stage of dementia in areas involved in the specific pathological process of FTD (frontal regions) and AD (posterior regions). Hyperconnectivity disappeared during follow-up, thus suggesting that it is an early electrophysiological feature of dementia, potentially useful to identify prodromal FTD and AD.
A Different Study of Various Methods based on Underwater image Restoration: A Survey

Due to the dissipated lighting and light assimilated conditions, the underwater pictures frequently experienced the low difference just as the color immersion. Since underwater pictures with similar tones of shading are recorded under various light conditions, it is hard to reestablish and improve those pictures. There are various ordinary techniques answered to improve the nature of submerged pictures, however they perform inadequately constantly. The underwater image can be prepared in the form of a perfect picture and a mixture of background light, in which the relative volume of each camera is deeply fixed. The researches mainly founded on improving the value of picture and also focused on reducing the noise. In the past few years, many approaches were put forwarded to progress the visibility of underwater images (UI) by removing haze and some color correction techniques are introduced to improve the perception of UIs. This paper is a review on various approaches for underwater image restoration over the last few years. Keywords—Image restoration; underwater image restoration; DCP; Filtering methods; Application.