Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Megakaryocytes in the rat spleen.

Spleens from rats, fetal to 3 years of age, were studied histologically with particular attention being directed toward the megakaryocytes. The number of megakaryocytes per unit area studied increased from the fetal stages to the 7th postnatal week and then decreased gradually until only a very few were found in year-old animals. Animals older than 2 years generally showed a slight increase in the number of megakaryocytes.These changes in splenic megakaryocytopoiesis indicate that this organ plays a diminishing role in thrombocyte production. During late fetal and early postnatal life the spleen is active in megakaryocytopoiesis. This function is diminished as thrombocyte production is shifted from the spleen to some other organ, probably the bone marrow.A few mitotic megakaryocytes were observed but these are relatively rare. Mitosis was confined to the most immature type of megakaryocyte.Nuclear pleomorphism was in evidence throughout the various age levels but was more noticeable in the early postnatal.
Genetic heterogeneity in paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia

Paroxysmal nonkinesigenic dyskinesia (PNKD) is characterized by attacks of dystonia or chorea lasting minutes to hours. Recently, mutations in the myofibrillogenesis regulator 1 gene (MR-1) have been identified in 10 unrelated PNKD kindreds. The authors describe a Canadian PNKD family who does not have mutations in the MR-1 gene and links to a separate locus at 2q31. This indicates that there are at least two different genes responsible for PNKD.
Staphylococcus aureus in early cystic fibrosis lung disease

Staphylococcus aureus: is a common bacterial organism infecting children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Emerging evidence suggests early lower airway infection with this organism in young children with CF results in the deterioration of lung function, poorer nutrition parameters and heightens the airway inflammatory response. Despite contributing significantly to the burden of early lung disease among this group, there are ongoing controversies in the management of S. aureus infection, and gaps in our understanding of exactly how this organism causes lung disease. To reduce the morbidity and mortality of early infection ongoing research is needed to: (i) understand the early host immune response that enables this pathogen to reside within the CF lung; (ii) determine if there are organism specific factors that are associated with CF lung disease; and (iii) clarify the utility of anti‐staphylococcal antibiotic prophylaxis and/or eradication in the treatment of this patient population. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:1151–1159. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Increased Thymic Size and Thymocyte Interleukin 2 Production in Androgen‐Resistant Mice

The functional significance of androgen receptors in thymocytes is unknown. To investigate whether such receptors might mediate androgen‐induced effects on thymocyte proliferation or differentiation we examined mice bearing a known defect in the gene coding for the androgen receptor. This mutation, termed testicular feminization (Tfm/Y), renders these mice resistant to the action of androgenic hormones. Testicular feminization mice were found to have large thymuses that were an average of 2.8 times as heavy as those of their unaffected male litter mates, and contained up to 36 times as many thymocytes. Similar findings were observed when Tfm mice were compared with C57B1/6 control mice. Thymocytes from androgen‐resistant mice produced several limes more interleukin 2 in culture than did thymocytes from control mice. A small but significant reduction in the population of cells bearing neither CD4 nor CDS surface markers (‘double negatives') was observed in the androgen‐resistant mice. These data indicate that androgen resistance is associated in the Tfm/Y mouse with alterations in thymocyte number, phenotype, and function that may be attributable to lack of androgen action during thymic development.
HEp-2 Cell Image Classification with Convolutional Neural Networks

The diagnosis of many autoimmune diseases can be greatly facilitated by automatic staining patterns classification of Human Epithelial-2 (HEp-2) cells within indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) images. In this paper, we propose a framework to classify the HEp-2 cells by utilizing the deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). With carefully designed network architecture and optimized parameters, our networks extract features from raw pixels of cell images in a hierarchical manner and perform classification jointly, avoiding using hand-crafted features to represent a HEp-2 cell image. We evaluate our method on the training dataset of HEp-2 cells classification competition held by ICPR 2014. Our system achieves mean class accuracy of 96.7% on the held-out test set and it also obtains competitive performance on the ICPR 2012 cell dataset.
INFECTION WITH HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 8 AND TRANSPLANT-ASSOCIATED GAMMOPATHY

Background. The role of human herpesvirus (HHV)-8 in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma and its pre-malignant state of monoclonal gammopathy is unclear. HHV-8 is transmitted by organ transplantation, representing a unique model with which to investigate primary HHV-8 infection. Methods. The authors studied the incidence of clonal gammopathy in renal transplant recipients and correlated it with previous and recent HHV-8 infection. Results. Clonal gammopathy was observed in 31 of 162 (19%) HHV-8–seronegative patients, in 5 of 17 (29%) HHV-8–seropositive patients, and in 9 of 24 (38%) HHV-8 seroconverters within 5 years after transplantation. Gammopathy was often transient, and no progression to myeloma was observed. Two patients with persistent gammopathy developed B-cell lymphoma. In a logistic regression model, HHV-8 serostatus of the graft recipient was significantly associated with subsequent development of gammopathy, with a relative risk (RR) of 1.9 and a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.5 to 6.4 for an HHV-8–seropositive recipient and an RR of 2.9 and a 95% CI of 1.01 to 8.0 for seroconverters as compared with baseline (HHV-8 seronegative). Other significant variables were cytomegalovirus (CMV) serostatus and the intensity of immunosuppression (RR of 10.4 and 95% CI of 2.6–41.7 for a CMV-negative recipient with a CMV-positive donor vs. a CMV-negative recipient with a CMV-negative donor and RR of 17.6 and 95% CI of 2.0–150.8 if OKT3 was used vs. no use of antilymphocytic substances). Conclusions. Transplant recipients with HHV-8 infection are more likely to develop clonal gammopathy. However, this risk is much lower than the risk conferred by CMV infection and antilymphocytic therapy, arguing against a major role of HHV-8 infection in the pathogenesis of clonal plasma cell proliferation.
A role of peripheral myelin protein 2 in lipid homeostasis of myelinating schwann cells

Peripheral myelin protein 2 (Pmp2, P2 or Fabp8), a member of the fatty acid binding protein family, was originally described together with myelin basic protein (Mbp or P1) and myelin protein zero (Mpz or P0) as one of the most abundant myelin proteins in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Although Pmp2 is predominantly expressed in myelinated Schwann cells, its role in glia is currently unknown. To study its function in PNS biology, we have generated a complete Pmp2 knockout mouse (Pmp2‐/‐). Comprehensive characterization of Pmp2‐/‐ mice revealed a temporary reduction in their motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV). While this change was not accompanied by any defects in general myelin structure, we detected transitory alterations in the myelin lipid profile of Pmp2‐/‐ mice. It was previously proposed that Pmp2 and Mbp have comparable functions in the PNS suggesting that the presence of Mbp can partially mask the Pmp2‐/‐ phenotype. Indeed, we found that Mbp lacking Shi‐/‐ mice, similar to Pmp2‐/‐ animals, have preserved myelin structure and reduced MNCV, but this phenotype was not aggravated in Pmp2‐/‐/Shi‐/‐ mutants indicating that Pmp2 and Mbp do not substitute each other's functions in the PNS. These data, together with our observation that Pmp2 binds and transports fatty acids to membranes, uncover a role for Pmp2 in lipid homeostasis of myelinating Schwann cells. GLIA 2014;62:1502–1512
Geographical Evaluation of Word Embeddings

Word embeddings are commonly compared either with human-annotated word similarities or through improvements in natural language processing tasks. We propose a novel principle which compares the information from word embeddings with reality. We implement this principle by comparing the information in the word embeddings with geographical positions of cities. Our evaluation linearly transforms the semantic space to optimally fit the real positions of cities and measures the deviation between the position given by word embeddings and the real position. A set of well-known word embeddings with state-of-the-art results were evaluated. We also introduce a visualization that helps with error analysis.
Identification of a deoxyribonuclease implicated in genetic transformation of Diplococcus pneumoniae

A mutation of Diplococcus pneumoniae, end-1, reduces the major deoxyribonuclease activity of the cell, an endonuclease, to 10% of its normal value without impairing transformation. Further mutations, called noz, abolish the residual endonuclease activity and block transformation. The residual endonuclease is similar to the wild-type enzyme in size, charge, divalent cation dependence, inhibition by ribonucleic acid, and formation of oligonucleotide products. However, the mutant endonuclease is more temperature sensitive, which suggests that the end-1 mutation occurred in a structural gene for the enzyme. Genetic analysis showed that the noz mutations occur at the same genetic locus. A number of new end mutants were analyzed. Those that retained more than 1.4% of the normal endonuclease activity were essentially normal in transformation; those with less than 1% were defective. The transformation-defective end mutants appear to be blocked in the entry of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) since they carry out the prior step of binding DNA to the outside of the cell. The major endonuclease of the cell may act as a DNA translocase by attacking and degrading one strand of DNA, thereby facilitating entry of the complementary strand into the cell.
El empleo del ejemplo promueve la intuición lógica de las leyes DeMorgan

Se presenta un reporte breve que informa los resultados de un experimento relacionado con el empleo de ejemplos sencillos para incrementar la intuicion de equivalencias en la logica de predicados. Los sujetos que recibieron ejemplos sencillos que ilustran las equivalencias de las leyes de DeMorgan lograron mejores rendimientos en tareas experimentales que requieren intuir tales equivalencias que los sujetos no expuestos a ejemplos ilustrativos. El tamano del efecto de tal diferencia resulto mediano. Se discuten las implicancias de los resultados para la psicologia del pensamiento y para la didactica de las matematicas.
Three Amino Acids in Escherichia coli CspE Surface-exposed Aromatic Patch Are Critical for Nucleic Acid Melting Activity Leading to Transcription Antitermination and Cold Acclimation of Cells*

Cold-shock proteins of the CspA family ofEscherichia coli help the cells to acclimate to low temperature conditions through an unknown mechanism. In vitro, these proteins bind to single-stranded nucleic acids and destabilize nucleic acid secondary structures. An unusual surface-exposed patch of 6 evolutionarily conserved aromatic amino acids is thought to be involved in RNA binding by the cold-shock proteins. Here we investigated the functional role of the aromatic patch in E. coli CspE by substituting individual aromatic residues with positively charged Arg residues. These substitutions do not affect the RNA binding activity of the CspE mutants. We show that substitutions of three centrally located aromatic patch amino acid residues, Phe17, Phe30, and His32, abolish the ability of the mutant CspE to acclimatize cells to cold, antiterminate transcription and melt nucleic acids but have no effect on RNA binding. On the other hand, peripherally located Trp10, Phe19, and Phe33 can be substituted with Arg without loss of any of the in vivo and in vitro CspE functions tested. The results thus indicate that these aromatic patch residues have clearly distinct functional roles and further extend the correlation between the essential function of CspA homologues in cold acclimation and their ability to antiterminate transcription.
Review of illness perception intervention in dialysis patient

In this brief review we found 6 studies on illness perception of hemodialysis patient. From all 3 studies effect of illness perception intervention on adherence to treatment in hemodialysis patient, and 2 ones were effect of self regulation intervention in clinical outcomes and quality of life, from which only one study compared the illness perception in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. The findings show different results in studies of the effects of the disease on patients' lives is perceived. We suggest additional studies on effectiveness of illness perception in physical disorders like kidney diseases and dialysis.
1 ASYMPTOTIC BAYES ANALYSIS FOR THE FINITE HORIZON ONE ARMED BANDIT PROBLEM 1

The multi-armed bandit probem is often taken as a basic model for the tradeoff between the exploration utilization required for efficient optimization under uncertainty. In this paper we study the situation in which the unknown performance of a new bandit is to be evaluated and compared with that of a known one over a finite horizon. We assume that the bandits represent random variables with distributions from the one parameter exponential family. When the objective is to maximize the Bayes expected sum of outcomes over a finite horizon, it is shown that optimal policies tend to simple limits when the length of the horizon is large.
Three conformational states of scallop myosin S1.

We have determined the structure of the intact scallop myosin head, containing both the motor domain and the lever arm, in the nucleotide-free state and in the presence of MgADP.V04, corresponding to the transition state. These two new structures, together with the previously determined structure of scallop S1 complexed with MgADP (which we interpret as a detached ATP state), reveal three conformations of an intact S1 obtained from a single isoform. These studies, together with new crystallization results, show how the conformation of the motor depends on the nucleotide content of the active site. The resolution of the two new structures ( approximately 4 A) is sufficient to establish the relative positions of the subdomains and the overall conformation of the joints within the motor domain as well as the position of the lever arm. Comparison of available crystal structures from different myosin isoforms and truncated constructs in either the nucleotide-free or transition states indicates that the major features within the motor domain are relatively invariant in both these states. In contrast, the position of the lever arm varies significantly between different isoforms. These results indicate that the heavy-chain helix is pliant at the junction between the converter and the lever arm and that factors other than the precise position of the converter can influence the position of the lever arm. It is possible that this pliant junction in the myosin head contributes to the compliance known to be present in the crossbridge.
Aplicación de Diseño y Simulación de DMC para plantas de primer orden con tiempo muerto y dinámica lenta.

En el documento se presenta una interface de diseno y simulacion de controladores utilizando la teoria de control matricial dinamico, la cual tiene como objetivo convertirse en una herramienta de ensenanza y aprendizaje de esta tecnica de control. Se plantean los requerimientos que se tuvieron en cuenta para el desarrollo de la interface, y se explican los diferentes ambientes que la conforman y que permiten de forma didactica el diseno, la simulacion y el analisis de los controladores disenados.
Cognitive deficits predict poorer functional capacity in Huntington's disease: but what is being measured?

OBJECTIVE Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited movement disorder characterized by choreiform movements and frontostriatal dysfunction. Previous studies have documented executive deficits in HD. We aimed to investigate the effect of cognitive deficits on patients' daily functioning. Furthermore, we sought to explore how independent patients' cognitive difficulties were from their motor and psychiatric symptoms. METHOD We administered a battery of neuropsychological tasks assessing broader cognitive abilities and executive functions (e.g., verbal fluency, working memory, response inhibition) to 25 patients with HD and 20 healthy controls. Clinical ratings of functional capacity and the severity of motor and psychiatric symptoms were also taken. After establishing that patients with HD demonstrated characteristic cognitive deficits, we explored relationships between performance on neuropsychological tasks and clinical ratings. RESULTS Patients with HD exhibited deficits on all timed neuropsychological tasks but not on measures of accuracy. Poorer functional capacity was related to cognitive deficits and more severe motor symptoms. Motor and psychiatric symptoms were also related to cognitive performance. Category fluency scores alone predicted 54% of the variance in functional capacity. CONCLUSIONS Patients with HD exhibited a pattern of cognitive dysfunction that may reflect a generalized slowing in processing. It is important to note that we found that certain cognitive measures may help predict functional capacity in HD. However, we also highlight that performance on neuropsychological tasks can be influenced by motor or psychiatric symptoms. Future studies should consider such confounds when seeking purer measures of cognitive capacity.
Expression of chick Tbx-2, Tbx-3, and Tbx-5 genes during early heart development: evidence for BMP2 induction of Tbx2.

Expression patterns of Tbx2, -3, and -5 genes were analyzed during chick embryonic heart development. Transcripts of these three cTbx genes were detected in overlapping patterns in the early cardiac crescent. cTbx2 and cTbx3 expression patterns closely overlapped with that of bmp2. cTbx5 expression diverged from cTbx2 and bmp2 during the elaboration and folding of the heart tube. In comparison, cTbx2 expression overlapped significantly with that of bmp2 and bmp4 during all stages of heart development and during later embryonic stages, suggestive of a specialized role for Tbx2 in septation. Coexpression of cTbx 2 and cTbx3 genes with bmp2 transcripts raised the possibility that these cTbx genes might be downstream bmp2 targets. Application of bmp2 selectively induced cTbx2 and cTbx3 expression in noncardiogenic embryonic tissue, and the bmp antagonist Noggin down-regulated cTbx2 gene activity. Moreover, the appearance of murine mTbx2 was blocked in bmp2 null mouse embryos. cTbx2 and to a lesser extent cTbx3 gene activity appears to be directed by BMPs during early cardiogenesis.
Comparative Anthelmintic Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Stem Extract of Tinospora Cordifolia

The present study aimed at the in-vitro evaluation of anthelmintic activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of stem of Tinospora cordifolia using Eisenia foetida at four different concentrations (10, 25, 50 and 100 mg/ml) respectively. The study involved the determination of time of paralysis (P) and time of death (D) of the worms. At the concentration of 100 mg/ml both the ethanolic and the aqueous extracts exhibited very significant activities as compared to the standard drug piperazine citrate (10 mg/ml). The time of paralysis and death was recorded as 9 ± 0.57 and 15.83 ± 0.60 in case of aqueous extract, on the other hand it was recorded as 4.16 ± 0.30 and 10.83 ± 0.60 in case of ethanolic extracts. In conclusion, the use of stem of Tinospora cordifolia as an anthelmintic have been confirmed and further studies are suggested to isolate the active principles responsible for the activity.
Utility of urinalysis in discriminating cardioembolic stroke mechanism.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether elevated urine erythrocyte (red blood cell) and leukocyte (white blood cell) counts, reflecting concomitant renal and cerebral emboli of cardiac origin, would be useful in discriminating cardioembolic (CE) from non-CE stroke in acute ischemic stroke. DESIGN Consecutive patients presenting within 24 hours of ischemic stroke over 3(3/4) years were studied. Patient medical history and urinalysis data, including white blood cell count, red blood cell count, specific gravity, and glucose and protein levels at admission, were analyzed and compared with the final determination of stroke subtype. Multivariate analysis (CE vs non-CE stroke) was performed using a classification and regression tree that included all 5 urine variables as potential predictors. Additional predictors entered into the classification and regression tree model were age, presence of urinary tract infection at admission, history of hypertension, history of diabetes mellitus, and serum creatinine level. RESULTS A total of 341 individuals met the study criteria. Their mean age was 68.6 years; 49.8% were female, 70.9% were white, and 38.7% had the CE stroke subtype. In bivariate analysis, age (P = .009), urine white blood cell count (P = .02), urine red blood cell count (P = .005), urine specific gravity (P = .02), and serum creatinine level (P = .02) were significantly higher in those with the CE vs the non-CE stroke subtype. In the classification and regression tree, 58.3% of those with CE stroke were correctly classified and 84.7% of those with non-CE stroke were correctly classified, for an overall accuracy of 71.5%. The best single predictor for the CE stroke subtype was a white blood cell count of greater than 14.5/microL, followed by a red blood cell count of greater than 41.7/microL and a serum creatinine level greater than 1.08 mg/dL (>95.5 micromol/L). Based on the distribution in the first 2 divisions in the tree, a patient could be placed into 1 of 4 categories that corresponded to 3 levels of CE stroke likelihood: low (25%), moderate (50%), and high (80%). CONCLUSION Urinalysis may have utility in the early identification of the CE stroke subtype in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
APLICAÇÕES DE INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL PARA GESTÃO DO CONHECIMENTO NAS ORGANIZAÇÕES: UM ESTUDO EXPLORATÓRIO

Este estudo reconhece a importância das pessoas no processo de Gestao do Conhecimento e compreende que em ultima instância este se deve a elas. Entretanto, enfoca o aspecto do uso das capacidades da organizacao e ferramentas que possam habilitar tais capacidades, relacionando-o especifi camente a Inteligencia Artificial (IA) e as ferramentas que auxiliam na Gestao do Conhecimento. Para o desenvolvimento do estudo foi realizada uma pesquisa exploratoria, a qual contou com pesquisa bibliografi ca, segmentada em dois momentos: (a) apresentar os conceitos de Gestao do Conhecimento e IA; e (b) explorar a relacao entre ambas. Para tanto se realizou uma pesquisa junto ao site de periodicos da CAPES, entre 2005 e 2006. Foram encontrados 12 periodicos, dos quais foram extraidos 40 artigos. Dos 40 artigos 17 estavam alinhados ao objeto de estudo dentre os quais merecem destaque 4, os quais demonstraram ferramentas de IA apoiando o processo de Gestao do Conhecimento.