Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Draft Final Report, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Technical Investigation of the May 22, 2011, Tornado in Joplin, Missouri (NIST NCSTAR 3) ***Draft for Public Comments*** | NIST

This is the final report of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) investigation of the May 22, 2011 tornado in Joplin, Missouri, conducted under the National Construction Safety Team Act. This report describes the wind field of the tornado and how the wind pressures and windborne debris damaged and destroyed thousands of buildings; the emergency communications before and during the tornado and how the public responded; the influence of tornado hazards and public response and building and designated shelter area performance on survival and injury; and areas of current building and emergency communications codes, standards and practices that warrant revision. Also described in this report is the means by which NIST reached its conclusions. NIST collected large numbers of documents, photographs, videos, and building plans; developed a computer model of the wind field of the tornado as it crossed the City of Joplin; analyzed the performance of a range of building types for life safety and functionality; interviewed many survivors of the tornado, developed an evidence–based explanation for decisions made and actions taken by the public in response to the tornado; and analyzed the factors affecting life safety outcomes. The report outlines 47 findings related to the May 22, 2011, Joplin tornado and concludes with a list of 16 recommendations for action in areas of improved measurement and characterization of tornado hazards, new methods for tornado resistant design of buildings, enhanced guidance for community tornado sheltering, and improved and standardized emergency communications.
Development and Protects the Tumor from Immune Attack and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Promotes Tumor Triggering of Toll-like Receptor 4 Expressed on Human Head

Toll-like receptors (TLR) expressed on inflammatory cells play a key role in host defense against pathogens, benefiting the host. TLR are also expressed on tumor cells. To evaluate the role of TLR in tumor cells, we investigated TLR4 signaling effects on human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Tumor tissues were obtained from 27 patients with laryngeal and 12 with oral cavity cancers. Normal mucosa was obtained from 10 patients with nonneoplastic disorders. Smears for bacteria were taken from all patients during surgery. TLR4 expression in tumors and HNSCC cell lines (PCI1, PCI-13, and PCI-30) was detected by reverse transcriptionPCR and immunohistochemistry. Cell growth, apoptosis, nuclear factor-KB (NF-KB) translocation, and MyD88 and IRAK-4 expression, as well as Akt phosphorylation were measured following tumor cell exposure to the TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Tumor cell sensitivity to NK-92– mediated lysis was evaluated in 4-hour Cr-release assays. Cytokine levels in HNSCC supernatants were measured in Luminex-based assays. TLR4 was expressed in all tumors, HNSCC cell lines, and normal mucosa. The TLR4 expression intensity correlated with tumor grade. LPS binding to TLR4 on tumor cells enhanced proliferation, activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway, up-regulated IRAK-4 expression, induced nuclear NF-KB translocation, and increased production (P < 0.05) of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, vascular endothelial growth factor, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. TLR4 triggering protected tumor cells from lysis mediated by NK-92 cells. TLR4 ligation on tumor cells supports HNSCC progression. [Cancer Res 2009;69(7):3105–13]
Elimination of Writing Difficulty in Primary School: An Action Research

The aim of this study is to develop applications for the elimination of writing difficulties of primary school second year students. For this purpose, the following questions will be answered: “What is the contribution of letter writing practices to the elimination of writing difficulties? ”, “How does the practice of word writing contribute to the elimination of writing difficulties? ”, “How does the practice of sentence writing contribute to the elimination of writing difficulties? ”, “What is the contribution of text writing practices to the elimination of writing difficulties? ”, “What is the persistence of the applications to eliminate writing difficulties? ” In this research, qualitative model and action research design were used. The participants of this research were consisted of 6 students who were found to have writing problems among the second grade students. In the study, “Repeated Dictation and Motivation Practices” were used to eliminate the writing difficulties of the participants. Multidimensional Legibility Scale was used for data collection tool before and after the applications. When the findings of the study are taken into consideration, there is a positive increase in the elimination of the writing difficulties of the participants. It can be said that the Repeated Dictation and Motivation Practices applied in the study were successful. The practice of dictation which is used in practice is carried out repeatedly in terms of letters, words, sentences and text, and the contribution of the study group to the elimination of writing difficulties is significant. We can say that the motivation studies conducted during the research support the elimination of the writing difficulties of the students. One-to-one interviews with the students, motivating them continuously and receiving family support are also important factors for success.
Immunopathological aspects of equine inflammatory bowel disease

Intestinal inflammation is a major welfare issue for horses causing colic, diarrhoea and an inability to thrive. One of the diagnoses with poor prognosis is inflammatory bowel disease (eqIBD). Equine IBD comprises different entities of chronic idiopathic enteropathies, namely eosinophilic gastroenteritis, granulomatous enteritis and lymphoplasmacytic enterocolitis. An exaggerated immune reactivity towards still unidentified antigens is suggested in the disease. The aim of this thesis was therefore to elaborate methods to characterize cellular infiltrations and to determine cytokine profiles associated with various forms of eqIBD. Jejunal tissues were used to describe the immune cell populations in situ in healthy horses and in well characterised IBD-afflicted horses. T cells, regulatory T cells, B cells, IgM- IgG- and IgA-secreting plasma cells and MHC II-expressing cells were labelled by immunohistochemistry and quantified by image analysis. The inflammation in IBD horses was dominated by T cells and MHC II-expressing cells, whereas B cells and plasma cells were decreased compared with healthy horses. These features were most prominent in granulomatous IBD. The regulatory T cells followed the infiltration pattern of T cells, but were not significantly increased in diseased horses. Thus the histopathology in the studied forms of eqIBD shows similarities with a delayed hypersensitivity reaction. Seven reference genes were evaluated and their optimal combination determined for seven equine intestinal segments (the duodenum, mid-jejunum, ileum, caecum, right ventral and dorsal colon and rectum). Segments from healthy horses expressed IL-12, IL-17A, IL-23, TLR4, but not IFN-α. The relative expression of the three interleukins and TLR4 was analysed using quantitative PCR in rectal biopsies showing chronic or chronic active simple proctitis from horses with clinical signs of eqIBD. Horses with chronic active proctitis had increased expression of IL-17A and TLR4 compared with healthy horses, whereas horses with chronic proctitis had decreased expression of IL-12, indicating a TH17 involvement in chronic active disease. Taken together, techniques were established to discern patterns of immune reactions and could demonstrate differences between entities when applied to eqIBD material.
Comparative evaluation of low-dose levobupivacaine and ropivacaine in patients undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy under walking spinal anaesthesia as daycare surgery

Background: Ropivacaine and levobupivacaine possess the property of sensory-motor dissociation. Hence these drugs allow a faster recovery of motor function and hence, these are potentially useful agents for walking spinal anaesthesia in daycare surgeries. Patients and Methods: This is a prospective, double-blind, randomized study involving 120 adult ASA 1 and 2 patients who were randomly allocated into two groups. Group R (n = 60) received 7.5 mg 0.75% ropivacaine + 25 μg fentanyl + 1.5 ml sterile water. Group L (n = 60) received 5 mg 0.5% levobupivacaine + 25 μg fentanyl + 1.5 ml sterile water. Each solution was made to a total volume of 3 ml, administered intrathecally. Sensory and motor block characteristics, hemodynamic changes and postoperative recovery profile characteristics were noted. Paired/unpaired t-test and chisquare test were used wherever applicable for statistical analysis using
A study of the effects of the use of computerized sources on elementary student research projects

Betty Jane W. Oliva. A Study of the Effects of the Use of Computerized Sources In Elementary Student Research Projects. 1998. (Under the direction of Dr. Holly G. Willett, Program in School and Public Librarianship). The purpose of this study was to determine elementary students' abilities in the information gathering process and the impact of the use of computerized resources on these abilities. Did the use of computerized research technology improve students' results? How well did students make use of this technology to find information? Would students effectively combine the use of computerized and print sources for information? What effect did the inclusion of computers have on the students' attitude towards the research assignment? Four classes of fourth grade students were combined into two groups. Students were assigned to research answers to 50 questions. Each group was assigned to answer 25 using print sources and 25 using computerized sources. Students answered Pre-Activity and Post-Activity surveys. Classes were observed while conducting research. Survey answers and answers to research questions were tabulated, scored, and percentaged. Numbers were compared to allow conclusions to be drawn. The type of information source used had little effect on the number of correct answers given. Students were able to locate information efficiently using computerized sources of information. It was clear that inclusion of computers into the assignment raised levels of enthusiasm and interest among students.
The Effectiveness of Nursing Education on Clinical Outcomes of Patients With Heart Failure: A Systematic Review

Context: Many nursing educational approaches have been applied on patients with heart failure (HF) to improve their outcomes. The results of these approaches on outcomes of patients with HF remain controversial. Evidence Acquisition: The aim of this study was to highlight the importance of nursing education to improve the outcomes of patients with HF, such as self-care behaviour, quality of life, mortality, readmission and hospitalization rates. A systematic review was conducted in the MEDLINE database on investigations punished from 2000 to 2012. The search terms used were self-care, heart failure, nursing, and education. A total of 22 studies complied with the eligibility criteria for this review. Results: The findings of the reviewed studies showed that self-care behaviour of patients who received nursing education improved significantly. No significant improvement was noticed in the health-related quality of life. Additionally, there was no significant reduction in readmission, hospitalization and mortality rates of patients after implementing this educational process. Conclusions: The eectiveness of nursing education on self-care behaviour of HF patients was clearly demonstrated. Methodologi- cal dierences in development and implementation of education programs, made the comparison between the results of the stud-
ANALISIS TINGKAT KEPUASAN PELANGGAN TERHADAP PELAYANAN APOTEK KIMIA FARMA JAKARTA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL SERVQUAL (STUDI KASUS PADA TIGA APOTEK)

Since policy sector pharmaceutical affairs 1993 by government about deregulations sector community pharmacy, competition business community pharmacy in Jakarta was very strict. For win something this competitions, Kimia Farma community pharmacy as the biggest community pharmacy network in Indonesia have propagandized vision be the foremost business networking community pharmacy in Indonesia and mission first-rate services for customers with customer satisfaction. The objective of this research is detect satisfaction level of service quality of Kimia Farma community pharmacy Jakarta, in particular Kimia Farma community pharmacy -1 Kemayoran, Kimia Farma community pharmacy-48 Matraman, Kimia Farma community pharmacy-147 Duren Sawit. Beside This research also objective for knowed vision, mission of Kimia Farma community pharmacy was reached. This research using survey method with quisionaire Single Cross Sectional Study approaches. Research using Servqual (Service Quality) model was discovered by Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berry use five dimensions of service quality, that was tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and emphaty. Satisfaction level measured with Gap analysis that was difference expectation before customer receiving the service and perception after that; and Cartesian Diagram analysis, that was mapping atribut service quality on Cartesian Diagram. Analysis difference on customer satisfaction within community pharmacy used analysis varian (Anova). Result: dimension that highest satisfaction level was emphaty (gap -0.37 or satisfactions levels 91.88 %); attribute that highest satisfaction level was well designed interior/exterior building (gap -0.14 or satisfaction levels 96.4 %). Mapping attribute on Cartesian Diagram majority on quadrat B, means service quality Kimia Farma community pharmacy was sufficient. Based on hypothesis test, was not difference significant satisfactions level Kimia Farma community pharmacy was research (alpha > 0.05). Conclusions: generally satisfactions level Kimia Farma community pharmacy that researched nearly satisfy, with satisfaction levels within community pharmacy was not significant difference.
Quality of comprehensive emergency obstetric care through the lens of clinical documentation on admission to labour ward

Background: Clinical documentation gives a chronological order of procedures and activities that a patient is given during their management. Objective: To determine the level of quality of comprehensive emergency obstetric care, through the lens of clinical documentation of process indicators of selected emergency obstetric conditions that mostly cause maternal mortality on admission to labour ward Design: Multi-site cross sectional survey. Setting: Twenty two Government Hospitals in Kenya with capacity to offer comprehensive emergency obstetric care. Subjects: Process variables were abstracted from patient’ case records with a diagnosis of normal vaginal delivery, obstetric haemorrhage, severe pre eclampsia/eclampsia and emergency cesarean section. Results: Availability of structure indicators were graded excellent and good except for long gloves, misoprostol, ergometrin and parenteral cefuroxime that were graded low. A total of 1,216 records were abstracted for process analysis. The median (IQR) for the: six variables of obstetric history was five (4-5); five variables of antenatal profile was four (1-5); five variables of vital signs documentation was three (2-4); five variables for obstetric exam was four (4-5); seven variables of vaginal examination one (0-2); ten variables for partograph was seven (2-9); five variables for obstetric hemorrhage was three (2-4) and eleven variables for severe pre-eclampsia/eclampsia was five (3-6). The median (IQR) from decision-to-operate to caesarean section was three (2-4) hours. Conclusion: Quality of emergency obstetric care based on documentation depicts inadequacy. There is an urgent need to objectively address the need for proper clinical documentation as an indicator of quality performance.
LINEE GUIDA PER LA PROFILASSI ANTIMALARICA

These guidelines are designed to provide health care workers who advise travellers with the best available evidence on malaria prevention. They have been elaborated by a team representing two scientific societies: the Italian Society of Travel and Migration Medicine (SIMVIM) and the Italian Society of Tropical Medicine (SIMeT). They are primarily addressed to professionals who are actually involved in travel related medical advice, but also to family doctors. A working version have been circulated for the last months among members of both Societies and the final version has been approved by their joint Congress at Pescara in October, 2003. The first part deals with the prevention of the mosquito bite which must be the mainstay of every pre-travel consultation. This is followed by a detailed description of the currently available drugs, including some which are not yet in current use in Italy for this purpose, such as doxicycline, or have just been made available in our country, such as the combination atovaquone-proguanil. The efficacy and tolerability of all current regimens are discussed on the basis of the most recent literature. Finally, the main criteria for a correct advice are presented and recommendations are given for all geographic areas. These guidelines have no normative implication and are by no mean exhaustive.
The dropped head

The neck is divided into the anterior and posterior triangles by the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and smaller anatomical triangles have also been defined; surgeons find this approach useful in describing the location of a palpable mass. Examination of the neck can reveal a number of neurological and general medical disorders. Limitation in the range of movement may be caused by rheumatological conditions such as cervical and much less commonly ankylosing spondylitis. Other signs include abnormal jugular venous pulsation, Corrigan’s sign (aortic regurgitation), the webbed neck of Turner’s syndrome, the buffalo hump and supraclavicular fat pad of Cushing’s syndrome, and a short, thick neck which is associated with obstructive sleep apnoea. Palpation may demonstrate lympha-denopathy or a goitre, while auscultation may reveal carotid or subclavian bruits. As part of the examination of the cardiorespiratory system, the volume and character of the carotid pulse and the position of the trachea are of course routinely assessed. When neurologists look at the neck, we usually find that muscle atrophy and …
Reinforced Feedback in Virtual Environment for Plantar Flexor Poststroke Spasticity Reduction and Gait Function Improvement

Background Ankle spasticity is a frequent phenomenon that limits functionality in poststroke patients. Objectives Our aim was to determine if there was decreased spasticity in the ankle plantar flex (PF) muscles in the plegic lower extremity (LE) and improvement of gait function in stroke patients after traditional rehabilitation (TR) in combination with virtual reality with reinforced feedback, which is termed “reinforced feedback virtual environment” (RFVE). Methods The evaluation, before and after treatment, of 10 hemiparetic patients was performed using the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Functional Ambulatory Category (FAC), and Functional Independence Measure (FIM). The intervention consisted of 1 hour/day of TR plus 1 hour/day of RFVE (5 days/week for 3 weeks; 15 sessions in total). Results The MAS and FAC reached statistical significance (P < 0.05). The changes in the FIM did not reach statistical significance (P=0.066). The analysis between the ischemic and haemorrhagic patients showed significant differences in favour of the haemorrhagic group in the FIM scale. A significant correlation between the FAC and the months after the stroke was established (P=−0.711). Indeed, patients who most increased their score on the FAC at the end of treatment were those who started the treatment earliest after stroke. Conclusions The combined treatment of TR and RFVE showed encouraging results regarding the reduction of spasticity and improvement of gait function. An early commencement of the treatment seems to be ideal, and future research should increase the sample size and assessment tools.
The Effect of 10% Povidone-Iodine on S. Mutans Levels in Children with "Early Childhood Caries"

A n antibacterial agent that is effective and acceptable to young children will be a useful supplement to behaviour modification techniques for the prevention of early childhood caries. Objective: The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of 10% povidone-iodine solution (betadine) on S. mutans in children with dental caries. Methods: The study was designed as a randomized single blind, no treatment control trial. Twenty-five children between 2 and 6.8 years of age with unremarkable medical history were recruited from a private pediatric dental practice in Burnaby, BC. A l l subjects were scheduled for dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia. Parents completed a consent form and a variety of survey instruments. Before intubation, height and weight of all participants were recorded and these measurements were repeated at all subsequent study appointments for children in experimental group. Dental examination data and the plaque sample were collected after intubation. Following dental treatment, children were randomly assigned to the experimental group (N=13) or the control group (N=T2). Experimental children had betadine applied 3 times at 2-month intervals and no treatment was employed for control children. After 6 months, both experimental and control children received another dental examination and a mouth swab was taken from all subjects. Plaque samples were cultured for total bacteria and S. mutans. Results: Betadine application was well-accepted by all experimental children. No adverse effect was reported. At baseline, experimental and control children had similar dietary habits, dmfs, and S. mutans levels. A l l children's S. mutans counts decreased significantly at 6-months (P=0.0004). Although the overall 5". mutans decrease was greater for experimental children than for control children, this difference was not significant (P=0.58). Ten of 13 experimental children had a >1 log 1 0 decrease in S. mutans over 6 months,