Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of low-frequency wave interactions on intraseasonal oscillations

Abstract Intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) control much of the large-scale variability of convection in the Tropics on time scales of about 15–100 days. These disturbances are often thought to be dominated by eastward-propagating modes, especially during austral summer, but disturbances that propagate westward are also important. This work demonstrates by means of a multiple linear regression model and a brief case study that eastward- and westward-moving intraseasonal modes often cooperatively interact with one another to produce many of the characteristics of the observed Southern Hemisphere summer ISO. These interactions appear to be facilitated by topography and/or by the convective anomalies that are cooperatively induced by the eastward- and the westward-moving components of the oscillations. These interactions do not occur during every period of intraseasonal convective activity, but they do commonly occur during periods of high-amplitude convective anomalies. This analysis shows that eastward- and.
Premenopausal women deposit more collagen than men during healing of an experimental wound.

BACKGROUND From a post hoc analysis a hypothesis was generated that women deposit more collagen in a surrogate test wound than men. The purpose of this study has been to verify this hypothesis prospectively in a controlled study. METHODS Post hoc analyses were done on 37 volunteers (study A). The prospective trial included 47 smoking volunteers (study B). Outcome measures were deposition levels of collagen (hydroxyproline) and protein during a period of 10 days in subcutaneously implanted tubes of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene. RESULTS The mean increments of collagen deposition levels in women as compared with men were 56% (P <.01) in study A and 74% (P <.001) in study B. The mean increase in the ratio collagen/total protein was 74% (P <.001) and 69% (P <.001), indicating that the increase was specific for collagen. CONCLUSIONS The studies show that deposition in a miniature subcutaneous test wound of collagen, but not noncollagenous protein, is promoted in women as compared to men. These findings may relate to the observation in some reports indicating higher rates of compromised postoperative wound healing in men.
Epithelized Free Autograft-A Case Report Series with Different Healing Outcomes

The gain in gingival soft tissue volume for multifaceted dynamics requires long term stability of gingival margin and interdental papilla height. Four patients presented with Miller’s class II and III recession on mandibular incisors. Abundant plaque and calculus, an aberrant frenum and inadequate width of attached gingiva (AG) were localized in the area with complaint of difficulty in cleaning the root surface. Patients underwent epithelized free autograft (Free Gingival Graft) for gain in AG, vestibular deepening and root coverage using direct technique. Healing in 18 months to two years showed creation of thick wide zones of AG with partial root coverage. This provided room for plaque control and halted disease progression. There was greater patient satisfaction as soft tissue and its existence was more important than quantitative level of root coverage. Autografts were cost effective and offered long term predictability. However, esthetic results obtained were different in all four patients. Therefore, this case series addresses various factors that interplay in healing of graft. Further, it highlights that position of fully erupted teeth and inclination of roots along with vascularity of recipient bed are likely to play an essential role that requires further well controlled trials to aid in better esthetic outcome and case selection.
A 3D simulation of the formation of primary platelet thrombi based on a hybrid computational model

Recently, the study of thrombosis simulation based on computational models has been one of the most popular research areas. In this paper, a 3D simulation method based on a hybrid model is proposed for platelet thrombus formation. The flow of platelets is modeled in a macroscale submodel using Navier–Stokes equations and the physiological processes such as adhesion and aggregation of platelets are modeled in a microscale submodel. In the adhesion and aggregation phases, the attraction of platelets due to blood coagulation factors (von Willebrand factor) is modeled using the external force, and the conversion from unstable aggregation to stable aggregation is modeled using the increase in local viscosity. The proposed model is implemented and is applied to the 3D simulation of platelet thrombus formation. The flow of platelets and the transformation from normal platelet to thrombus are well shown by the 3D view of the simulation. The velocity field and viscosity field are also rendered to observe their changes in the process of thrombus formation. In the simulation, as the increase in blood velocity, the primary thrombus grows rapidly before a velocity threshold, and then the growth rate decreases. It concurs with the experimental results in vivo.
Analysis of performance running men 800 m in the Czech republic between 1945–2016

Překonat výkonnostně předchozi generace je cilem každeho vrcholoveho sportovce. Neustale dochazi ke zlepsovani urovně výkonnosti ve vsech disciplinach, vcetně běhu na 800 m. Prostřednictvim expertni a statisticke analýzy casových řad jsme zjisťovali, jake okolnosti způsobily výkonnostni změny v běhu na 800 m od konce 2. světove valky do soucasnosti. Vývoj je ovlivněn mnoha proměnnými, ve 20. stoleti byl zpocatku rovnoměrný, od poloviny 60. let do konce 80. let je křivka výkonnosti kolisava, mirně rostouci. Obdobi nejvyssi výkonnosti pro sirsi zakladnu je v 70. a předevsim v 80. letech. Po roce 1989 dochazi k výraznemu poklesu výkonnosti a po roce 1996 ke stagnaci výkonnosti. Výkonnost se ustalila na urovni nižsi, než v polovině 60. let. U uzke spicky jsou stejna obdobi vrcholne výkonnosti, ale po roce 1989 nedoslo k jejimu propadu, dokonce nastalo obdobi nejlepsi urovně výkonnosti. Na změnach výkonnosti se podili uroveň statni podpory sportu, spolecenske změny, vývoj treninku, fungovani středisek. Přestože již doslo k castecnemu obnoveni systemu podpory talentů, v soucasnosti nedochazi k opětnemu dlouhodobemu růstu výkonnosti. Dlouhodobě souvisi výkonnost nejlepsich 3 běžců v CR (r=0,857) s výkonnosti siroke zakladny (průměru nejlepsich 50 běžců). Přesto je po roce 1989 uroveň elitnich běžců na poměrně vysoke urovni, přes nižsi uroveň siroke zakladny.
Hip Radiography for the Investigation of Nontraumatic, Short Duration Hip Pain Presenting to a Children's Emergency Department

Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of routine hip x-ray in 2- to 11-year-old children presenting to the emergency department with recent onset, nontraumatic hip pain and to assess the predictive value of other clinical presenting variables. Methods: Retrospective chart review of children with hip pain of less than 2 weeks duration, presenting to a metropolitan children's emergency department in New Zealand. Data were extracted on radiography results, diagnosis on final discharge from hospital, and other clinical details. Diagnostic categories were divided into urgent pathology (those requiring immediate treatment) and nonurgent pathology (those requiring follow up and those requiring no treatment or follow up). Contingency analysis and logistic regression were performed on variables to assess ability to predict urgent pathology. Results: Hip x-rays were performed in 99% of 310 eligible patients. Of these, 3% had some degree of significant abnormality reported on hip x-ray. Final diagnoses were transient synovitis in 86% of patients, osteomyelitis or other significant musculoskeletal sepsis in 8%, slipped upper femoral epiphysis in 1%, and other musculoskeletal disorder in 4%, with no cases of septic arthritis. In children 9 years or older, the likelihood ratio with a positive x-ray was 17, compared with 6 in children younger than 9 years. Fever, weight-bearing status, and age were the most important predictors of urgent pathology. Conclusions: In children younger than 9 years presenting with recent onset, nontraumatic hip pain, hip x-ray is of limited value. In children 9 years or older, hip x-ray may be useful to exclude slipped upper femoral epiphysis. Fever, weight bearing status, and age may better predict urgent pathology.
Impact of iterative metal artifact reduction on diagnostic image quality in patients with dental hardware

Background Metal artifacts often impair diagnostic accuracy in computed tomography (CT) imaging. Therefore, effective and workflow implemented metal artifact reduction algorithms are crucial to gain higher diagnostic image quality in patients with metallic hardware. Purpose To assess the clinical performance of a novel iterative metal artifact reduction (iMAR) algorithm for CT in patients with dental fillings. Material and Methods Thirty consecutive patients scheduled for CT imaging and dental fillings were included in the analysis. All patients underwent CT imaging using a second generation dual-source CT scanner (120 kV single-energy; 100/Sn140 kV in dual-energy, 219 mAs, gantry rotation time 0.28–1/s, collimation 0.6 mm) as part of their clinical work-up. Post-processing included standard kernel (B49) and an iterative MAR algorithm. Image quality and diagnostic value were assessed qualitatively (Likert scale) and quantitatively (HU ± SD) by two reviewers independently. Results All 30 patients were included in the analysis, with equal reconstruction times for iMAR and standard reconstruction (17 s ± 0.5 vs. 19 s ± 0.5; P > 0.05). Visual image quality was significantly higher for iMAR as compared with standard reconstruction (3.8 ± 0.5 vs. 2.6 ± 0.5; P < 0.0001, respectively) and showed improved evaluation of adjacent anatomical structures. Similarly, HU-based measurements of degree of artifacts were significantly lower in the iMAR reconstructions as compared with the standard reconstruction (0.9 ± 1.6 vs. –20 ± 47; P < 0.05, respectively). Conclusion The tested iterative, raw-data based reconstruction MAR algorithm allows for a significant reduction of metal artifacts and improved evaluation of adjacent anatomical structures in the head and neck area in patients with dental hardware.
Effect of Microbially Induced Anoxia on Cr(VI) Mobility at a Site Contaminated with Hyperalkaline Residue from Chromite Ore Processing

This paper reports an investigation of microbially mediated Cr(VI) reduction in a hyperalkaline, chromium-contaminated soil-water system representative of the conditions at a chromite ore processing residue (COPR) site. Soil from the former surface layer that has been buried beneath a COPR tip for over 100 years was shown to have an active microbial population despite a pH value of 10.5. This microbial population was able to reduce nitrate using an electron donor(s) that was probably derived from the soil organic matter. With the addition of acetate, nitrate reduction was followed in turn by removal of aqueous Cr(VI) from solution, and then iron reduction. Removal of ∼300 μM aqueous Cr(VI) from solution was microbially mediated, probably by reductive precipitation, and occured over a few months. Thus, in soil that has had time to acclimatize to the prevailing pH value and Cr(VI) concentration, microbially mediated Cr(VI) reduction can be stimulated at a pH of 10.5 on a time scale compatible with engineering intervention at COPR-contaminated sites.
White matter abnormalities observed in bipolar disorder: a diffusion tensor imaging study.

OBJECTIVES An increased incidence in white matter abnormalities is among the most frequently reported brain change in patients with bipolar disorder. The objective of the present study was to examine white matter tract integrity, using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), in bipolar patients and healthy comparison subjects. METHODS Eleven DSM-IV bipolar I patients and 10 healthy age- and sex-matched controls were studied. DTI data were acquired on a 1.5 Tesla scanner. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and diffusivity (trace) were determined from axial images using region of interest (ROI) analyses. The ROIs were manually placed in the midline and forward projecting arms of the genu (anterior) and the midline of the splenium (posterior) of the corpus callosum. RESULTS Bipolar patients had significantly higher FA in the midline of the genu compared with healthy controls. Regional white matter differences were also observed, with significantly lower FA in the genu than forward projecting regions in both groups and lower FA in the genu than the splenium in controls. CONCLUSIONS Diffusion tensor imaging revealed significant microstructural differences in the genu, as measured by elevated FA in bipolar patients compared with healthy controls. These preliminary findings further support the hypothesis that anomalous frontal brain mechanisms may be associated with bipolar disorder.
A Capacitive-to-Digital Converter With Automatic Range Adaptation for Readout Instrumentation

Capacitive sensors have profoundly found their way in everyday life. Devices and instrumentation ranging from specialty equipment to smartphones all employ in one way or the other a capacitive sensor and its associated readout circuit, making the latter ubiquitious. We present a capacitive readout system that automatically adapts its range to the unknown measured capacitance, thereby extending its functional input range, as well as its application and instrumentation compatibility. The proposed system achieves a constant resolution for a range of input capacitance up to 690 pF.
Adaptive Training Considerations for Use in Simulation-Based Systems

Abstract : In this report, we examine theoretical and empirical papers that describe adaptive training (AT). When applied effectively, AT has the potential to improve training interventions, making them more successful and efficient. An extensive search was conducted to locate and review articles pertaining to AT. Our review of the research suggests that there are a number of considerations that one must take into account prior to, during, and after development of an AT training system. Future research will need to determine the relative effectiveness of different approaches and which variables are most useful for adapting training.
'Tu quoque Brute fili mihi!' (Julius Caesar, Ides of March, 44 BC): role of tumor microenvironment and immune system in breast cancer progression.

DOI:10.1097/CCO.0000000000000123 Stroma and cancer are connected by the extrinsic pathways (conditions that cause persistent inflammatory responses and antigenic mimicry that induce tolerance) and intrinsic pathways (driven by oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes that activate the expression of inflammation-related programs and reduce the capability of the immune system to recognize ‘nonself’). Tumor microenvironment (TME) is a major accessory in cancer promotion and progression: cancer cells do not manifest the disease alone, but rather conscript and recruit stroma normal cell types to support tumor development. The interactions between cancer cells and their supporting stroma cells drive a chronically proliferative organ-like structure that typifies most human cancers. The present issue of Current Opinion in Oncology addresses the topic of cancer extrinsic pathways and the cells playing a role in the TME. Deciphering the roles of stroma and immune system in primary and metastatic tumor is a key to develop innovative multitargeting strategies that will be able to circumvent adaptive resistance mechanisms, to avoid tolerance and, potentially, to alter the prognosis of breast cancer. Loi et al. (pp. 562–567) reviewed the evidence that correlates tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), a surrogate biomarker of preexisting host antitumor immunity, and survival in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-overexpressing breast cancers. A fundamental ‘dogma’ of tumor immunology and of cancer immunosurveillance in particular is that cancer cells express antigens that differentiate them from their nontransformed counterparts. Tumor antigens, like HER2, are overexpressed normal proteins and therefore are subject to immunological tolerance. The immune system controls not only tumor ‘burden’ (quantity), but also tumor ‘quality’ (immunogenicity). What are the clinical implications of all ‘immunome’ data produced in the last years? First, validation of whether TILs are prognostic or predictive in HER2þ breast cancer is needed, preferably in a large population set with appropriate follow-up time. Second, validate immune genomic
Induction of peptide‐specific primary cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses from human peripheral blood

Various protocols were developed and compared for eliciting specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) cell lines from the unselected human peripheral blood mononuclear cells of naive donors. Interleukin‐7 and CD4+ T cells primed in vitro by keyhole limpet hemocyanin were shown to act together in the generation of these responses. Primary responses were consistently induced with a variety of different HLA class I‐binding malarial peptides. Primary CTL responses could be induced from unselected CD8+ and from CD45RA+CD8+ T cells. The CTL lines derived from these naive donors were CD8+ and demonstrated a high level of HLA class I‐restricted killing for > 3 months after priming in vitro. They were also able to recognize and kill targets infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus containing the full‐length antigen. In addition, this same protocol enhanced up to fourfold the levels of secondary CTL responses induced. The optimal method presented for naive cytotoxic T cell stimulation is simple, rapid and generally applicable and should provide a useful tool for both basic research and human therapy.
Rotational Grazing on Rangelands: Reconciliation of Perception and Experimental Evidence

Abstract In spite of overwhelming experimental evidence to the contrary, rotational grazing continues to be promoted and implemented as the only viable grazing strategy. The goals of this synthesis are to 1) reevaluate the complexity, underlying assumptions, and ecological processes of grazed ecosystems, 2) summarize plant and animal production responses to rotational and continuous grazing, 3) characterize the prevailing perceptions influencing the assessment of rotational and continuous grazing, and 4) attempt to direct the profession toward a reconciliation of perceptions advocating support for rotational grazing systems with that of the experimental evidence. The ecological relationships of grazing systems have been reasonably well resolved, at the scales investigated, and a continuation of costly grazing experiments adhering to conventional research protocols will yield little additional information. Plant production was equal or greater in continuous compared to rotational grazing in 87% (20 of 23) of the experiments. Similarly, animal production per head and per area were equal or greater in continuous compared to rotational grazing in 92% (35 of 38) and 84% (27 of 32) of the experiments, respectively. These experimental data demonstrate that a set of potentially effective grazing strategies exist, none of which have unique properties that set one apart from the other in terms of ecological effectiveness. The performance of rangeland grazing strategies are similarly constrained by several ecological variables establishing that differences among them are dependent on the effectiveness of management models, rather than the occurrence of unique ecological phenomena. Continued advocacy for rotational grazing as a superior strategy of grazing on rangelands is founded on perception and anecdotal interpretations, rather than an objective assessment of the vast experimental evidence. We recommend that these evidence-based conclusions be explicitly incorporated into management and policy decisions addressing this predominant land use on rangelands.
Effect of Prior Serial In Vivo Passage on the Frequency of Salmonella enteritidis Contamination in Eggs from Experimentally Infected Laying Hens

Abstract Experimental infection models are valuable tools for understanding and preventing the deposition of Salmonella enteritidis inside eggs. Oral inoculation is believed to closely simulate naturally occurring S. enteritidis infections of chickens, but oral infection studies have often generated relatively low frequencies of egg contamination. The present study assessed whether repeated in vivo passage of an S. enteritidis strain could affect its ability to cause egg contamination in experimentally infected hens. The incidence of egg contamination was determined in groups of hens inoculated orally with either a phage type 13a S. enteritidis strain or derivatives of this parent strain that were obtained by three successive rounds of passage and reisolation from tissues of infected hens. Passaged S. enteritidis isolates recovered from ovaries and oviducts induced a significantly higher incidence of egg contamination (16.97%) than was attributed to the parent strain (8.27%). However, passaged S. enteritidis isolates recovered from livers and spleens were not associated with a significantly increased frequency of deposition in eggs. By either inducing or selecting for the expression of relevant microbial properties, passage of S. enteritidis through reproductive tissues of chickens may be useful for improving the efficiency at which experimental infection models produce egg contamination.
EVALUATION OF DEGRADABILITY OF AROCLOR 1242 BY AN ACETICLASTIC METHANOGENIC CONSORTIUM

The rate and extent of degradation of Aroclor 1242 from contaminated surface soil was investigated, using aceticlastic mathanogenic consortia enriched from municipal anaerobic digester. Two different experiments, “intermediate feed” and “starve and feed” were conducted using triplicate 160-mL serum bottle microcosms, containing either 0.1 g, 1 g, 10 g, or 50 g of soil plus 100 mL of the inoculum. The methanogenic consortia in both the experiments were manipulated by feeding them with glacial acetic acid at different time intervals, during 30 days incubation. The fate of Aroclor 1242 in both the experiments was monitored using GC-ECD and GC-MSD analysis. Significant differences were observed between inoculated and uninoculated (control) microcosms, thus suggesting that methanogenic consortium might have been responsible for the degradation of Aroclor 1242. However, GC-MSD results could not confirm that disappearance of PCB was due to anaerobic dehalogenation. Another experiment was performed to evaluate if the removal of Aroclor 1242 was due to its evaporation. It was confirmed that disappearance of Aroclor 1242 was not due to evaporative losses during sample extraction. The actual reason for Aroclor 1242 disappearance from the surface soil microcosms could not be determined from this study.
Neandertal faces were not long; modern human faces are short

Neandertal faces have been described as being derived with respect to their overall length or degree of anterior projection. A comparison of cranial and mandibular indicators of lower facial projection across archaic and modern Homo indicates that Neandertal facial lengths on average are similar to those of preceding archaic Homo and principally contrast with those of recent humans. Neandertal facial length is not derived. The shortness of recent human facial skeletons is the evolutionarily derived condition.