Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Atomistic mechanisms of van der Waals epitaxy and property optimization of layered materials

Since the first isolation of graphene from graphite in 2004, atomically thin or layered materials have been occupying the central stage of today's condensed matter physics and materials sciences because of their rich and exotic properties in two dimensions (2D). Many members of the ever‐expanding 2D materials family, such as graphene, silicene, phosphorene, borophene, hexagonal boron nitride, transition metal dichalcogenides, and even the strong topological insulators, share the distinct commonality of possessing relatively weak van der Waals (vdW) interlayer coupling, whereas each member may invoke its own fabrication approaches, and is characterized by its unique properties. In this review article, we first discuss the major atomistic processes and related morphological evolution in the epitaxial growth of vdW layered materials, including nucleation, diffusion, feedstock dissociation, and grain boundaries. Representative systems covered include the vdW epitaxy of both monolayered 2D systems and their lateral or vdW‐stacked heterostructures, emphasizing the vital importance of the vdW interactions in these systems. We also briefly highlight on some of the recent advances in the property optimization and functionalization of the 2D materials, especially in the fields of optics, electronics, and spintronics. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2017, 7:e1300. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1300
Intensifying Multiphase Reactions and Reactors: Strategies and Examples

Intensification is intrinsic to better chemical and process engineering and has always been used in practice. Multiphase reactions and reactors are ubiquitous in chemical and allied industries and are of great economic and ecological importance. There is a great scope for intensifying multiphase reactions and reactors for realizing productivity enhancements, which are crucial for sustainable manufacturing. These enhancements can be in terms of increased throughput; better yield, conversion, and selectivity; smaller environmental footprint; and intrinsically safer operations. The advances in intensified reactors, especially microreactors and microfluidic devices, have created significant awareness about intensification in recent decades. In this article, we discuss different strategies for intensifying multiphase reactions and reactors based on the published information. A variety of tools and examples are presented to showcase the potential of intensification. We have found the efforts toward intensificat.
Comparative Analysis of The Characteristics of The Chinese gCJD Patients With E196A and E196K Mutation in PRNP

Background: Genetic human prion diseases are a group of inherited encephalopathies caused by the different mutations in PrP-encoding gene PRNP. The clinical, neuropathological and laboratory features may differ largely according to the mutants at the different positions and with different amino acid. Here, we comparatively analyzed the features of 16 Chinese patients with E196A mutant and 5 patients with E196K mutant identified via Chinese National CJD Surveillance System (CNS-CJD). All genetic Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (gCJD) with the mutations at codon 196 were Han-Chinese without blood kinship. Methods: Neurological examination, EEG and MRI test, western blot, gene sequence and RT-QuIC.Results: The onset-age of E196K gCJD cases (median of 61 y) was older than that of E196A ones (median of 67 y). Generally, these two subtypes of gCJD were more like sporadic CJD (sCJD) in clinical. The cases with E196A mutant showed more foremost symptoms, while those of E196K mutant restricted to dementia and mental problems. During the progression, more sCJD-associated symptoms and signs gradually appeared, but none of E196K cases showed cerebellum and visual disturbances. Typical PSWC on MRI was recorded in 20% E196A cases but not in all E196K cases. sCJD-associated abnormalities on MRI, positive CSF 14-3-3 and increased CSF total tau were observed frequently, ranging from 2/3 to 4/5 cases without difference between E196A and E196K cases. Family history was not reported in all cases. Positive of CSF RT-QuIC was detected in 37.5% (6/16) E196A cases and 60% (3/5) E196K cases. The duration of E196K cases (median of 4.5 m, from 2 to 5 m) were shorter than that of E196A cases (median of 6.5 m, from 2 to 28 m). Moreover, the female cases and the cases with young onset-age (<60 y) of E196A cases displayed much longer survival times than the male patients and the cases with older onset-age (>60 y). Conclusion: E196A gCJD is now the 5th most frequently observed genetic prion diseases in China. This is the largest comprehensive report of gCJD with the mutations at codon of 196 by now, which showing obvious diversity in clinical and laboratory tests between E196A and E196K mutants. Substitution of different amino acids at the same position induce the different clinical phenotype.
Evaluation Of The Bioactivities Of Plant Extractions From Lavandula Stoechas L. And Phlomis Syriaca Boiss On Some Pathogenic Microorganisms Isolated From Local Fresh Red Meat

الخلفية: تستأثر المستخلصات النباتية بأهمية متزايدة كمضافات مهمة في صناعة المواد الغذائية بسبب مقدرتها المضادة للجراثيم في منتجات اللحوم الجاهزة للأكل، فهي مرشحة ممتازة لتحل محل الجزيئات الصنعية ذات التأثير السام والمسرطن، وكان الاستخراج الفعال لهذه الجزيئات المضادة للأكسدة من مصادرها الطبيعية إلى جانب تحديد نشاطها في المنتجات التجارية يمثل تحديا كبيرا للباحثين والمساهمين في التصنيع الغذائي. المنهجية: تم عزل الأحياء الدقيقة الممرضة من اللحوم ودراسة تأثير المستخلصات المائية لنباتي الضرم المكور والأذينة السورية بتراكيز مختلفة على الأحياء الدقيقة الممرضة. النتائج : نشاطات المستخلصات المائية لنبات الضرم المكور L.stoechas البرية على الجراثيم المعزولة من اللحوم الحمراء ، حيث أبدى المستخلص المائي لنبات الضرم المكور بتركيز 1% نتائج إيجابية على جميع الجراثيم تراوحت بين 11 و 15 مم وبدت حساسية الكلبسيلةKlebsiella عالية للمستخلص مقارنة بالسلالات الجرثومية الأخرى حيث بلغ قطر هالة التثبيط 15 مم، في حين أبدت الليستريةListeria مقاومة للمستخلص المائي للضرم بالتركيزين 0.5 و0.25%. كما أظهر التركيز 1% للمستخلص المائي للأذينة السورية نتائج إيجابية على جميع الجراثيم تراوحت بين 10 و 15 مم، وبدت حساسية الزائفة الزنجارية و الشيغلة والسلمونيلة عالية للمستخلص مقارنة بالسلالات الجرثومية الأخرى، وبلغ قطر هالة التثبيط 15 مم بتركيز 1% للمستخلص المائي للأذينة السورية، وأبدت الليسترية والإشريكية القولونية والزائفة الزنجارية والعنقوديات الذهبية مقاومة للمستخلص المائي للأذينة السورية بتركيز 0.25%. الخلاصة: تطبيق المستخلصات النباتية لتحسين مدة الصلاحية والخصائص الغذائية والصحية لمنتجات اللحوم الحمراء.
Diurnal Cycles of Near‐Surface Currents Across the Tropical Pacific

The diurnal cycle of solar heating modulates the penetration of heat and momentum into the ocean interior. Daytime heating creates warm stratified layers in the upper few meters at the ocean surface, called the diurnal warm layer (DWL). Nighttime cooling destroys the DWL and transmits the heat in these warm layers downward via convective mixing. When wind blows over the warm afternoon ocean, wind momentum can be trapped and concentrated in this buoyantly isolated warm layer. Especially in the tropics, where Coriolis turning is weak, this layer can thus form a diurnal jet: a localized wind-driven current that forms at the ocean surface each afternoon.
No Signs of Neuroinflammation in Women With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome or Q Fever Fatigue Syndrome Using the TSPO Ligand [11C]-PK11195

Background and Objectives The pathophysiology of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and Q fever fatigue syndrome (QFS) remains elusive. Recent data suggest a role for neuroinflammation as defined by increased expression of translocator protein (TSPO). In the present study, we investigated whether there are signs of neuroinflammation in female patients with CFS and QFS compared with healthy women, using PET with the TSPO ligand 11C-(R)-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(1-methylpropyl)-3-isoquinoline-carbox-amide ([11C]-PK11195). Methods The study population consisted of patients with CFS (n = 9), patients with QFS (n = 10), and healthy subjects (HSs) (n = 9). All subjects were women, matched for age (±5 years) and neighborhood, aged between 18 and 59 years, who did not use any medication other than paracetamol or oral contraceptives, and were not vaccinated in the last 6 months. None of the subjects reported substance abuse in the past 3 months or reported signs of underlying psychiatric disease on the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. All subjects underwent a [11C]-PK11195 PET scan, and the [11C]-PK11195 binding potential (BPND) was calculated. Results No statistically significant differences in BPND were found for patients with CFS or patients with QFS compared with HSs. BPND of [11C]-PK11195 correlated with symptom severity scores in patients with QFS, but a negative correlation was found in patients with CFS. Discussion In contrast to what was previously reported for CFS, we found no significant difference in BPND of [11C]-PK11195 when comparing patients with CFS or QFS with healthy neighborhood controls. In this small series, we were unable to find signs of neuroinflammation in patients with CFS and QFS. Trial Registration Information EudraCT number 2014-004448-37.
Compact dual‐band bandpass filter with flexible passband frequencies and sharp skirt using cross coupling and mixed magnetic and electric coupling

This paper presents the design of a compact dual‐band bandpass filter (DB‐BPF) with flexible passband frequencies and sharp skirt. A pair of stub loaded stepped‐impedance resonators (SL‐SIRs) together with two different tri‐section stepped‐impedance resonators (TS‐SIRs) constitute this DB‐BPF. The low impedance sections of two SL‐SIRs and one TS‐SIR are realized by ring structure, on the one hand to acquire two independent resonant modes of SL‐SIRs, and on the other hand to let the harmonic mode of TS‐SIR be away from the upper passband. The cross coupling, the canceling effect of mixed electric and magnetic coupling (MEMC), and the virtual ground introduce the TZs, resulting in the sharp skirt property of proposed DB‐BPF. Step‐to‐step design process is given to guide the DB‐BPF design. As an example, a 0.9 / 1.8 GHz DB‐BPF is designed and fabricated. The fabricated sharp skirts DB‐BPF has a compact size of 0. 079λg × 0. 193λg, low passband loss of 0.84 / 0.98 dB and high band‐to‐band rejection of better than 40.6 dB.
Sorgum, Sudanotu Melez ve Çeşitlerinin Isparta Koşullarında Verim ve Kalite Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi

Bu calisma bazi sorgum, sudanotu melez ve cesitlerinin verim ve kalite ozelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaci ile 2002 ve 2004 yillarinda Isparta ekolojik kosullarinda yurutulmustur. Calismada Rox, Early Sumac, Gozde-80 ve Sugar Leaf cesitleri materyal olarak kullanilmistir. Arastirmada sorgum, sudanotu melez ve cesitlerinin bitki boyu, yesil ot verimi, kuru ot verimi ve ham protein verimleri incelenmistir. Arastirma sonucunda Sugar Leaf cesidi her iki yilda da yesil ot, kuru ot ve ham protein verimleri yonunden en yuksek performansi gostermis, en dusuk verimler ise Rox ve Early Sumac'tan elde edilmistir.
Effects of the components of conservation agriculture on the profitability of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the Eastern Gangetic Plain of Bangladesh

A two year longer on-farm research on conservation agriculture was conducted at Bhangnamari area of Bangladesh during November-June in 2014-15 and 2015-16 to evaluate the performance of non-puddled rice cultivation under increased crop residue retention. The rice variety BRRI dhan28 was transplanted under puddled conventional tillage (CT) vs. non-puddled strip tillage (ST) with 50% standing residue (R50) vs. conventional no-residue (R0) practice. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. There were no significant yield differences between tillage practices and residue levels in 2014-15. But in the following year, ST yielded 9% more grain compared to CT leading to 22% higher BCR. Retention of 50% residue increased yield by 3% over no-residue, which contributed to 10% higher benefit-cost ratio (BCR). Results of this two year on-farm study confirmed that the ST combined with 50% residue retention yielded the highest grain yield (5.81 t ha-1) which contributed to produce the highest BCR (1.06).
STUDY OF THE NON-MAXWELLIAN ELECTRON ENERGY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION

A planar one-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation with Monte Carlo Collisions (PIC/MCC) has been used to study a 13.56 MHz weakly dissociated oxygen discharge. In this case molecular oxygen is the dominant neutral species and O 2 + the dominant positive ion species. Ion and electron density profiles have been obtained at pressures of 50 mTorr and 1 Torr. It was showed that as pressure increases the density profiles become flatter compared to the low-pressure case, where the profiles have a large sheath. The electron energy distribution functions (eedf) are non-Maxwellians, which is typical for electronegative gases. In order to explain this effect electron heating rates have been obtained for low and high pressure cases.
Strong Far-Field Vertical Excitation and Building Damage: A Systematic Review and Future Avenues

Strong vertical excitation may lead to detrimental consequences on structures and infrastructures. To date, the impacts of strong vertical shaking on structures and infrastructures are considered for near-field regions only. However, anomalies in terms of recorded evidence and damage occurrence in the central Himalayan earthquakes dragged the attention of the researchers to explore the possibility of strong vertical shaking in far-field regions as well. Systematic review approach is used to sum up the findings from scholastic works reported to date and juxtaposed the findings with the evidence from central Himalayan earthquakes. It is concluded that the strong vertical shaking in the far-field is undeniable, at least in the central Himalayas; thus, incorporation of strong far-field vertical shaking in structural analysis and design is required. This paper reports the evidence reported in the literature for strong vertical shaking and adds evidence from Nepal focusing on strong far-field vertical excitation.
Pros and Cons of Self Driving Vans - A Real Life Motorway Case Study Analysis from Great Britain

Given the speculations that autonomous vehicles are sure to take over the transport sectors in the near future, this study micro-simulates the impacts of automating the freight vehicle VAN using the micro-simulation software AIMSUN at SAE Level 4 on an existing motorway network in the United Kingdom using real road network conditions and traffic information. This study analyses the impacts of automation of vans in different levels of automation penetrations (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) with heterogeneous traffic conditions on traffic parameters such as speed, time and different environmental factors such as CO2, NOx, PM and VOC. For better understanding the impacts of automation, analysis along the motorway was carried out along different stretches of the motorway between two junctions. In this study, the impacts of automation of van in different road characteristics such as congested stretches, stretches with slope and flat stretches were also analyzed in detail. The study highlights that with an increase in van automation penetrations, traffic parameters such as speed and time are positively impacted while negative impacts on environmental conditions are observed along the motorway stretches.
A Partially Interpretable Adaptive Softmax Regression for Credit Scoring

Credit scoring is a process of determining whether a borrower is successful or unsuccessful in repaying a loan using borrowers’ qualitative and quantitative characteristics. In recent years, machine learning algorithms have become widely studied in the development of credit scoring models. Although efficiently classifying good and bad borrowers is a core objective of the credit scoring model, there is still a need for the model that can explain the relationship between input and output. In this work, we propose a novel partially interpretable adaptive softmax (PIA-Soft) regression model to achieve both state-of-the-art predictive performance and marginally interpretation between input and output. We augment softmax regression by neural networks to make it adaptive for each borrower. Our PIA-Soft model consists of two main components: linear (softmax regression) and non-linear (neural network). The linear part explains the fundamental relationship between input and output variables. The non-linear part serves to improve the prediction performance by identifying the non-linear relationship between features for each borrower. The experimental result on public benchmark datasets shows that our proposed model not only outperformed the machine learning baselines but also showed the explanations that logically related to the real-world.
Advanced X-ray shielding and antibacterial smart multipurpose fabric impregnated with polygonal shaped bismuth oxide nanoparticles in carbon nanotubes via green synthesis

ABSTRACT Synthesis of multifunctional hybrid materials for X-rays’ attenuation is attracting more recognition recently because of several superiorities over the conventional radiation shielding materials made using toxic lead-based compounds. For the first time*, the present study investigates the microwave irradiation based green synthesis and in-situ stabilization of bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) nanoparticles on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) by a novel approach for making advanced material. TEM and XRD studies have shown that nanoparticles have a uniform size with polygonal morphology and are impregnated on MWCNT. The developed hybrid nanocomposite's physical appearance is gel-like. It was then applied on a cotton fabric piece to create a multifunctional material and valuable for the fabrications of aprons, bandages, and X-ray shielding caskets. The porous nature of cotton fabric has facilitated the adhesion and stabilization of the nanocomposite. The elemental composition and topology of the hybrid material were further analyzed by XPS, EDX and AFM studies, respectively. The higher attenuation characteristics and shielding efficiency of the developed material are due to the dual shielding effect of polygonal nanoparticles and MWCNT. Availability of metal atoms with higher valency allowed the higher photoelectric effect followed by the Compton effect during X-ray shielding. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Enhancing the security of memory in cloud infrastructure through in-phase change memory data randomisation

As a promising alternative to dynamic RAM, phase change memory (PCM) suffers from limited write endurance. Therefore, many research proposals on PCM security or reliability have focussed on the possible threat of wear ‐ out attacks from malicious applications. However, it is also found that the non ‐ volatile nature and the programming behaviour of PCM bring other security challenges to the memory system. The authors examine the potential risk of information leakage and theft in memory management for PCM ‐ based cloud server or multitenant systems. By observing the influence of process variation (PV) on PCM cell programming, they propose a fast and efficient in ‐ memory data obfuscation mechanism to defend against memory attacks or information leakage during page reallocation mandated by OS. With the capabilities of in ‐ memory data randomisation, the proposed SecuRAM avoids the long write latency of PCM cells to erase the content, and achieves higher data initialisation efficiency than conventional software solutions. Second, the proposed SecuRAM also provides a novel solution of fast in ‐ memory hardware fingerprinting and random number generation, which are common and essential security functions in encryption or access authentication to protect confidential memory data from attackers. Two novel techniques are proposed to generate signatures and random numbers: the first is based on partial programming, which works in the same way as bulk
EJAL Article template

This study aims at comparing the effect of singleand dual-annotation modes, working memory (WM), and three tasks of different involvement loads (sentence writing, close deletion, and paragraph writing) on passive and active vocabulary development of proficient English as a foreign language (EFL) learners. While listening to an expository text, participants (n = 204) were presented with annotations for twenty lexical items. Paribakht and Wesche’s (1997) Vocabulary Knowledge Scale was employed as the pre and posttests and via a listening span task, the learners’ WM capacities were measured. The results pointed to the efficacy of dual-mode over single-mode annotations concerning both passive and active vocabulary learning. The participants with higher WM capacities significantly performed better regarding active vocabulary learning for both textually and visually annotated words, thus no interaction between WM and input mode was found. The sentence writing task produced the highest scores in the vocabulary tests, whereas the cloze deletion and paragraph writing tasks did not significantly differ. Hence, the results only partially confirmed the Involvement Load Hypothesis. The current study corroborates other studies verifying the modality effect on vocabulary learning and suggests that both WM and task type are significant factors in EFL vocabulary learning. © 2021 EJAL & the Authors. Published by Eurasian Journal of Applied Linguistics (EJAL). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (CC BY-NC-ND) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Evaluating the Inclusion of Words and/or Pictures in Best-Worst Scaling Experiments

Abstract Two best-worst scaling (BWS) experiments, one including only pictures and one including both pictures and descriptive words, were used to rank consumer preference for tomatoes with varying attributes in a nationally representative sample of 1,200 US residents. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first implementation of a fully pictorial-based BWS experiment. Relative preference among pictures of tomatoes in different retailing/production scenarios were analyzed and results between pictures that did and did not include descriptive words were compared. The experiment resulted in relative rankings that were statistically different between the BWS experiments. Further analysis evaluated word associations of respondents for the tomato pictures, establishing the foundation that, at least in one instance, lack of agreement existed regarding pictorial content. The potential for varying ranking of products or attributes when pictures versus text are used to convey related meaning/messaging has implications for the marketing and conveyance of product attributes.
Academic language: is this really (functionally) necessary?

Abstract In this article we critically evaluate the case made by proponents of academic language (AL) that AL is functionally necessary for schooling due to specific functional advantages of AL. We consider three examples of AL introduced by AL proponents in order to show (1) that AL proponents have been too quick to accept the ALH, (2) that functional advantages of AL can be accomplished with non-AL varieties and 3) that AL may, in fact, be dysfunctional within the domain of schooling. We briefly describe the language ideological processes by which AL has been naturalized as appropriate to the domain of education while the functional potential of non-AL forms in schooling is obviated (noted by Halliday 2004). We then consider the work of M. A. K. Halliday, the researcher most commonly cited as providing justification for the ALH (esp. Halliday 2004), elaborating his critique of AL while also showing how this critique has been ignored by AL proponents citing his work. In closing we point to some implications of these findings for creating more equitable educational practices regarding academic language.