Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Spatio-Temporal changing analysis on carbon storage of harvested wood products in China

Forest ecosystem carbon budget is becoming a hotspot in global climate change research recently.Scientists all over the world have done many in-depth studies on this topic.However,the research on the carbon budget and the carbon stock trend of wood and bamboo products is lagging behind,especially in China.Some foreign scientists have already begun to study these issues,especially about the carbon stocks and trends of harvested wood product(HWP). However,a few of them is about HWP carbon stock in China.In this study,by taking the harvested wood products disposal situations into account and setting 2000 as the base year,the net carbon stock of HWP produced in China from 2000 to 2009 was calculated by the atmospheric-flow approach.The results showed that HWP is a huge carbon sink,which has been expanding continuously.The study also showed that the net carbon stock of HWP in 2009 was about 306.52TgC in China,among which the net carbon stock of non-paper wood products,paper,bamboo product is 114.71TgC、4.33TgC and 199.07TgC respectively.However,the wood fuel combustion released 11.60TgC,and the other HWP released 37.76TgC. The carbon stock of the end HWP reached to 318.12TgC in 2009,of which the carbon storage of the end wood products and bamboo products accounts for 37.42% and 62.58% respectively.For the end wood products,there was 114.71Tg carbon stored in non-paper wood products,accounting for 96.36%,and the rest carbon(about 4.33TgC) was stored in Paper.Moreover,the results also showed that the new HWP carbon stock was 25.21TgC/a from 1999 to 2003 and accounted for 15% of the net forest carbon sink for the same period estimated by Fang,which indicated that HWP plays an important role in maintaining carbon balance for the global carbon cycling and its equilibrium.The results also illustrated that the carbon stored in the bamboo products was 1.67 times more than that in the wood products,which means that bamboo products were an important carbon pool and it accounted for one large proportion in China.In addition,according to the end HWP carbon stock,China can be divided into three parts,namely the high,middle and low HWP carbon stock areas.The high end HWP carbon stock area,covering Fujian,Zhejiang,Hunan,Yunnan,Guangxi and Jiangxi Provinces,accounts for 67% of the country′s HWP carbon stock.The middle HWP carbon stock area includes Anhui,Guangdong,Hubei,Sichuan,Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces,and Inner Mongolia autonomous region.And the rest of China belongs to the low HWP carbon stock area.The carbon storage in the end HWP is highest in Eastern China,followed by Central China,South China,Southwest China,Northeast China and North China,and the lowest end HWP carbon stock was located in Northwest China,which was very different from the forest carbon storage in China.Furthermore,the results illustrated that the carbon of HWP is mainly storied in the bamboo products in southern China,compared to in the wood products in northern China.
SELECTION IN DROSOPHILA PSEUDOOBSCURA IN RELATION TO CROWDING

When a population of Drosophila pseudoobscura containing less than 70 per cent of the Standard gene arrangement of the third chromosome and more than 30 per cent of the Chiricahua gene arrangement is introduced into a population cage at 25 0 C. , the proportion of chromosomes with the Standard gene arrangement increases and the proportion with the Chiricahua gene arrangement decreases with successive generations (Dobzhansky, 1947). But chromosomes with the Chiricahua (CH) gene arrangement are not eliminated. Instead, the population reaches an equilibrium in which 70 per cent of the chromosomes are of the Standard (ST) gene arrangement and 30 per cent are of the CH type. This is due to selection which favors the heterozygote; the heterozygote is superior to both homozygotes and STI ST is superior to CHICH. These results were obtained with flies from the same Mendelian population at Pinon Flats, Mount San Jacinto, California. The increase in frequency of Standard chromosomes in the population-cage experiments simulates the increase in frequency of Standard at Pinon Flats in the summer. Standard is least common in June but its frequency increases during the summer and reaches a maximum in November (Wright and Dobzhansky, 1946). The experiments described in this paper were designed to find out the stage or stages in the life cycle when selection oc-
A Mixture Model Approach to Dimension Reduction in Regression

Riassunto: I metodi per la riduzione della dimensionalità nell’ambito della regressione cercano di individuare un insieme di combinazioni lineari dei predittori che contengano l’informazione essenziale per lo studio della dipendenza di una variabile risposta y rispetto ad un insieme di predittori x. Il metodo Sliced inverse regression (SIR) sfrutta l’informazione contenuta nella regressione inversa e, sotto certe condizioni, consente di stimare la base del sottospazio centrale della regressione. Tuttavia in talune circostanze, come ad esempio in presenza di relazioni simmetriche, SIR non è in grado di stimare tale sottospazio. Per tale ragione altri metodi sono stati proposti, i quali solitamente necessitano di ulteriori assunzioni. In questo lavoro si propone l’applicazione dei modelli mistura all’algoritmo SIR; ciò consente di evitare la principale limitazione di SIR senza imporre ulteriori condizioni.
Repeated evolution of sexual color dimorphism in passerine birds

ABsmAcT. -We present a survey of passerine birds designed to investigate the frequency with which sexual dimorphism in coloration or color pattern has evolved from monomorphism (or the converse). Based on the number of genera that have both a monomorphic and a dimorphic species, and the minimum number of changes inferred to have occurred between genera, the transition between dimorphism and monomorphism has occurred at least 150 times. Using the Sibley/Ahlquist phylogeny, we obtain maximum likelihood estimates of the probability that one state will be in the other after one million years of 0.01 to 0.02 (monomorphism to dimorphism) and 0.03 to 0.04 (dimorphism to monomorphism). The rate of transition from dimorphism to monomorphism appears to be higher than the converse, and there are more monomorphic than dimorphic species. We conclude that the transition between alternative states is not difficult, and that the evolution of sexual dimorphism, given appropriate selection pressures, is unlikely to be constrained. Received 15 August 1995, accepted 1 April 1996.
Co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Azospirillum brasilense in the Soybean Crop

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effect of the co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (B. japonicum) and Azospirillum brasilense (A. brasilense) on the agronomic characteristics of the soybean crop in the central region of State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS). The experiment was conducted during three harvests (2016/2017, 2017/2018, 2018/2019), in the central region of the State of RS. The treatments were: T1-inoculation with 1 dose B. japonicum; T2-co-inoculation with 1 dose of B. japonicum + 1 dose of A. brasilense; T3-co-inoculation with 2 doses of B. japonicum + 1 dose of A. brasilense; T4-co-inoculation with 2 doses of B. japonicum + 2 doses of A. brasilense; T5-co-inoculation with 1 dose of B. japonicum + 2 doses of A. brasilense; T6-without inoculation (control). The determinations were: shoot and root system dry mass, number and dry mass of nodules, and grain yield. It was observed that the use of co-inoculation with 1 dose of B. japonicum + 2 doses of A. brasilense provided a higher dry mass of nodules and grain yield of the soybean crop.
Visualizing Items and Measures: An Overview and Demonstration of the Kernel Smoothing Item Response Theory Technique

Motivated by a renewed interest in exploratory data analysis and data visualization in psychology and social sciences, the current demonstration was conducted to familiarize a broader audience of applied researchers with the benefits of an exploratory psychometric technique – kernel smoothing item response theory (KSIRT). A data-driven, nonparametric KSIRT provides a visual representation of the characteristics of the items in a measure (scale or test) and offers convenient preliminary feedback about functioning of the items and the measure in a particular research context. The technique could be a useful addition to the analytical toolkit of applied researchers that work with a range of measures, within the classical test theory or IRT framework, and is suitable for use with a smaller number of items or respondents compared to parametric IRT models. KSIRT is described and its use is demonstrated with a set of items from a psychological well-being measure. A recently developed, easy to use R package was utilized to perform the analyses and the R code is included in the manuscript.
Energy requirements of nestling cape vultures

A continuous feeding trial was used to determine Gross Energy Intake (GEI), Metabolizable Energy (ME) and energy Assimilation Efficiency (AE) during growth of captive (hand-reared) nestling Cape Vultures. The mean ash-free dry energy density of daily samples of excreta for the nestlings was 14.8 ? 0.4 kJ/g (range 14.2-15.9 kJ/g). Nestling GEI increased from shortly after hatching to reach a maximum of 6,443.3 + 388.9 kJ/day between 8085 days. After 85 days, GEI decreased to adult levels (range 2,734-3,639 kJ/day) between 105 days and fledging (136 days of age). AE of hand-reared nestlings ranged between 82% and 92%. Mean GEI during the period of maximum growth between 60 and 100 days was 5,459.6 + 529.8 kJ/day. If deprived of food, a 62-day old nestling with a one kilogram fat reserve (about 15% of body mass) would theoretically deplete this energy reserve in about eight days, if growth continued at a normal rate.
Chapter 3-Model Zoo: Extended Conceptual Models

This chapter provides an overview of simple conceptual models of locomotion at the scale of whole body movements. First, conceptual models of locomotion are introduced along with a few key empirical observations that support the construction of simple conceptual models. Next, a theoretical perspective is offered based on “templates and anchors” theory, where templates are related to simple conceptual models. Commonly used models of legged locomotion are then presented: The Spring-Loaded Inverted Pendulum (SLIP) model of running and the Inverted Pendulum (IP) model of walking. Legged locomotion is next presented in terms of oscillatory behavior and oscillatory-based analysis. Finally, readers are taken on a tour of a “model zoo” featuring many extensions of the SLIP and IP models to more complex and realistic models.
On the Computation of the Topological Entropy of Artificial Grammars

Based on a proposal by Warren and Schroeder (2015), we provide a simple script in the R programming language for the computation of the topological entropy (TE) from transition matrices created from their “subscripted element technique” as a measure of the complexity of artiﬁcial grammars (Bollt & Jones, 2000). We include a set of conventions for the transcription of grammar directed graphs to transition matrices that should provide for the consistent computation of the TE of artiﬁcial grammars.
Relationship of Genome Size to Body Size in Phylan semicostatus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

Nucleorypic effects of genome size, caused solely by the total amount of nuclear DNA, on phenotypic characters have been claimed. We looked for such nucleotypic effects in the beetle Phylan semicostatus Mulsant & Rey by measuring the DNA content of Feulgen-stained spermatids in 51 individuals from 8 insular populations. Three biometrical measures were taken on 105 individuals from the same 8 populations. A negative correlation was found between DNA content and body size. The implications of these findings are discussed with respect to the nucleotypic hypothesis.
Polygonizing volumetric terrains with sharp features *

In recent years, volume-based terrains have been steadily increasing in popularity due to their vastly superior capabilities compared to conventional elevation-based terrains. However, using a fully 3D representation entails a number of challenges, mainly reducing memory consumption, employing Level-Of-Detail techniques and achieving seamless polygonization for artifact-free rendering. We present a modified Dual Contouring algorithm which is designed for efficient out-of-core isosurface extraction. The algorithm can be interpreted as a bottom-up traversal of linear octrees. Then we describe a compact representation for storing levels of details of a volumetric terrain, particularly well-suited for the above algorithm. Finally, we show how our approach can easily support crack-free polygonization of a volumetric terrain with sharp features and different levels of detail at interactive frame rates.
Potential application of aminiotic stem cells in veterinary medicine

Abstract In regenerative medicine stem cell biology has become one of the most interesting and more often studied subject. The amniotic membrane is the innermost layer of the fetal membranes and is considered a potential tool to treat many pathologies. It is used because it can be collected from discarded fetal material and is a rich source of stem cells with high proliferation and plasticity ratio capable of proliferating and differentiate in vitro. We propose to elucidate the characteristics and potencial clinical application of cells derived of amniotic membrane in veterinary medicine.
Privacy Protection Method for Vehicle Trajectory Based on VLPR Data

With the rapid development of data acquisition technology, data acquisition departments can collect increasingly more data. Various data from government agencies are gradually becoming available to the public, including license plate recognition (VLPR) data. As a result, privacy protection is becoming increasingly significant. In this paper, an adversary model based on passing time, color, type, and brand of VLPR data is proposed. Through experimental analysis, the tracking probability of a vehicle’s trajectory can be more than 94% if utilizing the original data. To decrease the tracking probability, a novel approach called the (m, n)-bucket model based on time series is proposed since previous works, such as those using generalization and bucketization models, cannot deal with data with multiple sensitive attributes (SAs) or data with time correlations. Meanwhile, a mathematical model is established to expound the privacy protection principle of the (m, n)-bucket model. By comparing the average calculated linking probability of all individuals and the actual linking probability, it is shown that the mathematical model that is proposed can well expound the privacy protection principle of the (m, n)-bucket model. Extensive experiments confirm that our technique can effectively prevent trajectory privacy disclosures.
Amplitude and Latency of Electroretinographical Peaks as a tool to Predict the Extent of Retinal Degeneration in Retinitis Pigmentosa Patients

Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) is a disease of visual system which causes loss of vision. Proper diagnosis of this disease is important as far as ophthalmologists and patients are concerned. The aim of present study is to use amplitude and latency of Electroretinographical Peaks a and b to diagnose the extent of retinal degeneration in RP patients. A population of 100 subjects was selected for the purpose of this study. Fifty subjects with normal visual system mainly retina were considered as a control group. Along with control group, 50 patients pre-diagnosed as RP were selected as a case group. Electroretinography was examined in total population. The results obtained were compared together to look for the possible changes in two groups which showed changes in amplitude and latency of ERG a and b peaks of case group in comparison to control population. It can be concluded that amplitude and latency of ERG, a and b waves can be helpful to predict the extent of retinal degeneration in RP patients.
Transformação genética de laranja doce (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) com o gene hrpN (harpina) e avaliação da resistência ao cancro cítrico (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri)

Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) genetic transformation with the hrpN gene (harpin) and evaluation for citrus canker (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri) resistance The citrus industry has a great economic and social importance for Brazil, which is considered largest producer and orange juice exporter in the world. However, serious problems related to pathogens have affected citrus production and quality. With the development of genetic engineering and the characterization of genes related with plant disease resistance, the genetic transformation became an important tool in citrus breeding programs. The objective of this work was the production of transgenic plants of four sweet orange cultivars ‘Hamlin’, ‘Valencia’, ‘Natal’ and ‘Pera’ expressing hrpN gene under the control of Pgst1 inducible promoter. The evaluation of ‘Hamlin’ sweet orange transgenic plants infected with the causal agent of citrus canker, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri was carry out. Epicotyl segments were inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and selected in a culture medium supplemented with kanamycin or gentamycin. The genetic transformation was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analysis. The gene transcription was evaluated by RT-PCR and the production of harpin protein was detected by western blot. The genetic transformation efficiency varied from 2,7% to 6,2% depending on the cultivar. Some transgenic lines had abnormal development, not allowing performing Southern blot analysis or multiplication by grafting. Plants of ‘Hamlin’ sweet orange were propagated by grafting and evaluated for Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri resistance. All tested plants presented reduction in the severity of the symptoms caused by bacterium X. axonopodis pv. citri 30 days after the inoculation.
"Old" and new categories of DBPs in aqueous matrices: Analytical methods and toxicity testing

The by-products formed during disinfection of water and wastewater (DBPs) have been a subject of priority research since 1974 when trihalomethanes (THMs) were detected for the first time in chlorinated water by Rook. Since then, many other categories of such toxic byproducts have been identified by utilizing of advanced analytical techniques. More than 600 compounds are known today and the list is increasing. Some of them, like haloacetic acids (HAAs), have been regulated. Others, such as N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), are still being investigated. New categories such as halobenzoquinones and other aromatic DBPs have been recently detected in chlorinated water, wastewater and saline water. In the present review paper, the advances in analytical methods and the main new findings are highlighted. The toxicity testing for the various categories is also presented, as some new DBPs were found to be much more toxic than the "old" ones.
CANCER SIGNALING: FROM MOLECULAR BIOLOGY TO TARGETED THERAPY Download Free

Cancer, which has become the second-most prevalent health issue globally, is essentially a malfunction of cell signaling. Understanding how the intricate signaling networks of cells and tissues allow cancer to thrive and how they can be turned into potent weapons against it is the key to managing cancer in the clinic and improving the outcome of cancer therapies. In their groundbreaking textbook, the authors provide a compelling story of how cancer works on the molecular level, and how targeted therapies using kinase inhibitors and other modulators of signaling pathways can contain and eventually cure it.
DCU-ADAPT at MediaEval 2019: Eyes and Ears Together

We describe the DCU-ADAPT participation in the Eyes and Ears Together task at MediaEval 2019. Our submitted systems were developed to choose object bounding boxes from automatically generated proposals given query entities. The first system finds relevance between object proposals and queries using multiple instance learning. The second system employs an attention mechanism to find object proposals which are most likely correspond to the given queries. The last system is a baseline system which chooses region proposals at random. We observed that the first two systems produced higher accuracy than the random baseline. The best approach was to use multiple instance learning which resulted in accuracy of 9% when the threshold of intersection over union was 0.5.
Building Vitality Productive Correspondence Protocol to Remote Micro-Sensor Networks

In this paper, we take a gander at communication protocols, which camwood have noteworthy sway on the, generally speaking, energy dispersal of these networks. Dependent upon our discoveries that those conventional protocols of immediate transmission, static grouping, minimum-transmission-energy, and multi-hop routing is not one of the best possible optimal solutions of the micro-sensor networks, this paper proposes LEAGH (Low-Energy Adaptive Grouping Hierarchy), it is a grouping-based protocol that makes use of randomized rotation of local group based station (group-heads) to proportionally disseminate energy load between the network micro-sensors. Simulated experiments show that the LEAGH can attain to the extent that an element for eight diminishments for energy dispersal compared to traditional excursion protocols.
USING MULTI-OBJECTIVE DEEP REINFORCEMENT LEARNING TO UNCOVER A PARETO FRONT IN MULTI-BODY TRAJECTORY DESIGN

A multi-objective deep reinforcement learning algorithm, designated Multi-Reward Proximal Policy Optimization (MRPPO), is introduced to simultaneously train multiple policies, each with distinct reward functions. In this paper, MRPPO is used to uncover the Pareto front in a multi-objective optimization problem: designing a transfer for a low-thrust-enabled small satellite between two L 2 southern halo orbits in the Earth-Moon Circular Restricted Three-Body Problem (CR3BP). Once the policies are trained on this scenario, they are evaluated on a shared set of perturbed initial conditions to facilitate comparisons between policies and explore the time-of-ﬂight and propellant mass usage trade space. A hyperparameter selection exploration is also performed to determine the inﬂuence of MRPPO’s hyperparameters on the resulting behavior of the policies.
INDOOR BUILDING SURVEY ASSESSMENT

Abstract. There are multiple emerging technologies, devices and integrated equipment to support indoor mapping. The two main categories are the wearable/portable (e.g. hand-held or backpack devices) and the trolley based devices. The most widely used sensors of the integrated systems are the laser scanners (usually profile scanners), camera(s) and the IMU unit. Compared to outdoor mobile mapping systems the main difference is the lack of GNSS signals; localization is usually supported by SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) technology, using Kalman-filtering. Current paper discusses the assessment of the potential of trolley-based indoor mobile mapping systems (MMS) by surveying a building part by multiple technologies. Besides conventional land surveying measurements, terrestrial lasers scanning and a backpack-based mobile survey have been carried out. The analysis included cloud-to-cloud comparison as well as CAD-based evaluation focusing on the geometric accuracy of the point clouds. The paper also presents the surveying workflow; on its resource-needs and potential application fields. The paper discusses the data acquisition technologies and procedures and the different quality assessment methods and results. Since an experimental survey was conducted with a backpack-based unit in the same study area, the paper gives a brief overview on how the two different mobile mapping technologies can be applied indoor, and presents the main differences, advantages and drawbacks.