Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hodgkin disease subsequent to follicular lymphoma on maintenance rituximab

In the course of follicular lymphomas (FL), although a disease transformation in clinically more aggressive lymphoproliferative disorders, mostly diffuse large Bcells non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), may develop in a consistent proportion of cases [1], the occurrence of Hodgkin disease (HD) in a FL patient represents a rare event [2]. A 67-year-old male patient was seen in August 2005 because of right cervical lymphadenopathy. The lymph node was removed. The resected tissue revealed closely packed and uniform follicles consisting of a mixture of small size centrocytes and no more than 15 medium-sized or large centroblasts for high power field. Immunoistochemical staining revealed that neoplastic follicles expressed CD20, CD10, bcl-2 and bcl-6; a proliferation index of 25 – 40% as showed by expression of Ki67 was also detected [Figures 1(A) – 1(L)]. Thus, a diagnosis of grade 2 FL was made. A comprehensive work-up revealed intra-abdominal limphadenopathies; bone marrow was not involved. The patient was diagnosed as having a stage IIIA FL and was enrolled in a clinical trial, receiving four cycles of FND (fludarabine, mitoxantrone and dexametazone) regimen by which he achieved a complete response (CR). Therefore, 4 weekly rituximab (375 mg/m) were given as consolidation treatment and then he received the same dose every 2 months as maintenance therapy. In October 2006, the patient, having received the last rituximab dose 2 months before, presented with general malaise, sweating and weight loss. The physical and radiological evaluations showed cervical and para-aortic enlarged lymph nodes. A comprehensive laboratory work-up revealed mild normochromic anaemia and elevated levels of lactic acid dehydrogenase and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. A left cervical lymph node biopsy was performed. The pathological examination of the removed lymph node revealed classic Reed-Sternberg and mononuclear Hodgkin’s cells (HC), which were surrounded by a rosettes of T CD3 positive lymphocytes [Figures 1(M) – 1(R)]. These features were consistent with a diagnosis of lymphocyte – depletion subtype Hodgkin disease. On immunoistochemical staining, HC were CD15 and CD30 positive and showed a weak bcl-2 expression. In the light of the reported high aggressiveness and the poor prognosis portrayed by HD when occurring in the course of lymphoproliferative disorders [3,4], the patient was treated with two cycles of IEV (ifosfamide, epirubicin and etoposide) regimen. Therefore, the achieved CR was then consolidated by an autologous stem cells transplantation (ASCT), which provided clinical and survival benefits have been reported in this setting [5]. To date, 6 months after the ASCT,
On the mechanism and inhibition of DNA cytosine methyltransferases.

We have presented some data from studies of two different DNA cytosine methyltransferases. The first enzyme, M.Hha I, was shown to catalyze 3H exchange from poly(dG.[5-3H]dC), at a rate that is 7 to 10 times greater than the rate of methylation. The exchange is inhibited by AdoHcy in an uncompetitive fashion. This pattern of inhibition suggests an ordered reaction sequence for M.Hha I catalyzed methylation. The second enzyme, M.Hpa II, was demonstrated to make an irreversible adduct with azaC-DNA. The results provide evidence that both enzymes form covalent dihydropyrimidine intermediates during catalysis.
Validation of Analytical Method for Hepatitis B Component in Pentavalent Vaccine as Well as Hepatitis B Vaccine ( Monovalent ) by Sandwich Elisa Method

: For evaluating the antigen content in recombinant Hepatitis B Vaccine (Monovalent and Pentavalent vaccines), National Control Laboratory, Kasauli has taken an initiative to develop a uniform method for evaluation of antigen content of Hepatitis B vaccine. All the manufacturers in India are having different method for evaluating Relative Potency of Hepatitis B Vaccine. In the present study the samples of different manufacturers were tested for potency by Sandwich ELISA method. This method was validated to check the suitability for all the manufacturers. Various validation parameters were evaluated to verify the fulfilled defined acceptance criteria. This validation method of Potency estimation can be transferred to different manufacturers throughout India to maintain the synchronization and harmonization of potency estimation of Hepatitis B vaccine. For the in-vitro potency assay of Hepatitis B Vaccine Adaltis EIAgen HBsAg Kit was used to determine the Relative Potency. Validation Parameters were evaluated following the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. Samples of different Manufacturers were tested for validation parameters. It was confirmed that the ELISA Kit when used for vaccine potency testing meets the criteria of specificity , accuracy, linearity, precision (Intra assay precision-(repeatability), Inter assay precision-(reproducibility & ruggedness). The method was found specific based on the results generated by ELISA Kit, when used for potency testing , meets the criteria for accuracy (80-125%), linearity R 2 ≥ 0.99, precision (repeatability , with a CV% less than 15% and reproducibility with a CV% less than 15%).
Acute myocardial infarction in the elderly--the differences compared with the young.

OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to determine the differences in presentation, complications, management and outcome of elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) compared to young patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS All case-notes with a discharge or death diagnosis ofAMI between January and July 1999 at a restructured hospital in Singapore were reviewed retropectively. Patients were categorised into those younger than 65 years (young) and those 65 years or older (elderly). Data on the demographic and clinical profile of patients were collected. RESULTS There were 112 young and 101 elderly AMI patients. Chest pain was the most common presentation in both age groups, but more likely in the young than the elderly (89.3% vs 66.3%; p < 0.001). Atypical presentations were more likely in the elderly, with shortness of breath as the most common presentation (20.8% vs 5.4%; p < 0.001). The elderly were more likely to have complications of cardiac failure (65.3% vs 25%; p < 0.001) and cardiogenic shock (8.9% vs 0.9%; p = 0.006). The elderly were less likely to receive thrombolytic therapy (35.8% vs 64.8%; p < 0.001) as they were more likely to have contraindications (34.5% vs 6.8%; p = 0.002). The elderly were also less likely to receive beta-blockers (21.8% vs 60.7%; p < 0.001). In-hospital mortality was higher in the elderly (20.8% vs 2.7%; p < 0.001). Cardiogenic shock complicating AMI was associated with high in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSION In AMI patients, chest pain was the most common presentation in both age groups, though less frequently in the elderly. Atypical presentations were more likely in the elderly, with shortness of breath as the most common atypical presentation. In elderly AMI patients, prevalence of cardiac failure was higher, use of beta-blockers was lower and in-hospital mortality was higher than young patients.
Cell kinetic analyses of human malignant brain tumors (gliomas)

Administration of 3H‐thymidine, either with or without mitostatic agents, to 24 patients with various gliomas revealed 1) in viable areas a labeling index (LI) for glioblastomas equal to 5–15%, 2) an LI of 1% or less in well‐differentiated gliomas, and 3) the LI of anaplastic astrocytomas was intermediate and reflected the extent of anaplasia. Growth fraction was 0.14–0.44 in malignant gliomas (average 0.31 ± 0.10), and cell cycle time obtained by means of stathmokinetic analysis was 75.6 ± 45.7 hr. With few exceptions, the patients whose tumors showed an LI of 5% or more died within 1 year after the onset of disease, and no patients whose tumors at biopsy had an LI of over 5% survived more than 6 months. In contrast, there was a far better prognosis for patients whose tumors demonstrated an LI of less than 1%.
mGluR5 Upregulation Increases Excitability of Hypothalamic Presympathetic Neurons through NMDA Receptor Trafficking in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is critically involved in elevated sympathetic output and the development of hypertension. However, changes in group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1 and mGluR5) and their relevance to the hyperactivity of PVN presympathetic neurons in hypertension remain unclear. Here, we found that selectively blocking mGluR5 significantly reduced the basal firing activity of spinally projecting PVN neurons in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), but not in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. However, blocking mGluR1 had no effect on the firing activity of PVN neurons in either group. The mRNA and protein levels of mGluR5 in the PVN and rostral ventrolateral medulla were significantly higher in SHRs than in WKY rats. The group I mGluR selective agonist (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) similarly increased the firing activity of PVN neurons in WKY rats and SHRs. In addition, blocking NMDA receptors (NMDARs) through bath application or intracellular dialysis not only decreased the basal firing in SHRs, but also eliminated DHPG-induced excitation of spinally projecting PVN neurons. DHPG significantly increased the amplitude of NMDAR currents without changing their decay kinetics. Interestingly, DHPG still increased the amplitude of NMDAR currents and caused reappearance of functional NMDAR channels after initially blocking NMDARs. In addition, protein kinase C (PKC) inhibition or intracellular dialysis with synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25)-blocking peptide abolished DHPG-induced increases in NMDAR currents of PVN neurons in SHRs. Our findings suggest that mGluR5 in the PVN is upregulated in hypertension and contributes to the hyperactivity of PVN presympathetic neurons through PKC- and SNAP-25-mediated surface expression of NMDARs.
Analysis of 4-ABP-DNA adducts and p53 alterations in urinary bladder carcinoma.

BACKGROUND Activated intermediates of 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) are able to covalently interact with DNA to form adducts. There is a large body of evidence indicating that carcinogen-DNA adduct formation can be one of the cancer initiating mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS (4-ABP)-induced DNA damage in association with p53 overexpression and mutations were evaluated in specimens of urothelial bladder cancers from 106 patients. RESULTS 4-ABP-DNA adduct levels resulted higher in smokers compared to non smokers, with a borderline statistical value. p53 nuclear overexpression was related to tumor grading, while no significant correlation with stage, 4-ABP-DNA adducts, smoking habit, and disease recurrence could be observed. Concerning molecular analysis, p53 point mutations were found in 17 of 106 cases (16%) and mutational pattern was significantly associated both with higher grade and stage, but no correlation was found with disease recurrence. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that other sources, in addition to tobacco smoke, may contribute to 4-ABP-DNA adducts formation in bladder tissue and that p53 expression/mutation cannot be considered a prognostic factor in bladder cancer.
Adaptive Compression of Texture Pyramids

High‐quality texture minification techniques, including trilinear and anisotropic filtering, require texture data to be arranged into a collection of pre‐filtered texture maps called mipmaps. In this paper, we present a compression scheme for mipmapped textures which achieves much higher quality than current native schemes by exploiting image coherence across mipmap levels. The basic idea is to use a high‐quality native compressed format for the upper levels of the mipmap pyramid (to retain efficient minification filtering) together with a novel compact representation of the detail provided by the highest‐resolution mipmap. Key elements of our approach include delta‐encoding of the luminance signal, efficient encoding of coherent regions through texel runs following a Hilbert scan, a scheme for run encoding supporting fast random‐access, and a predictive approach for encoding indices of variable‐length blocks. We show that our scheme clearly outperforms native 6:1 compressed texture formats in terms of image quality while still providing real‐time rendering of trilinearly filtered textures.
Mechanics of turning and jumping and skier speed are associated with injury risk in men's World Cup alpine skiing: a comparison between the competition disciplines

Background/aim In alpine ski racing, there is limited information about skiers’ mechanical characteristics and their relation to injury risk, in particular for World Cup (WC) competitions. Hence, current findings from epidemiological and qualitative research cannot be linked to skiers’ mechanics. This study was undertaken to investigate whether recently reported differences in numbers of injuries per 1000 runs for competition disciplines can be explained by differences in the skiers’ mechanics. Methods During seven giant slalom, four super-G and five downhill WC competitions, mechanical characteristics of a forerunner were captured using differential global navigation satellite technology and a precise terrain surface model. Finally, the discipline-specific skiers’ mechanics were compared with the respective number of injuries per hour skiing. Results While the number of injuries per hour skiing was approximately equal for all disciplines, kinetic energy, impulse, run time, turn radius and turn speed were significantly different and increased from giant slalom to super-G and downhill. Turn ground reaction forces were largest for giant slalom, followed by super-G and downhill. The number of jumps was doubled from super-G to downhill. Conclusions Associating the number of injuries per hour in WC skiing with skiers’ mechanical characteristics, injuries in super-G and downhill seem to be related to increased speed and jumps, while injuries in giant slalom may be related to high loads in turning. The reported differences in the number of injuries per 1000 runs might be explained by a bias in total exposure time per run and thus potentially by emerged fatigue.
A model driven development approach for implementing reactive systems in hardware

To deal with the increasing complexity of digital systems, the model driven development approach has proven to be beneficial. This paper presents a model driven hardware design process that is dedicated to reactive embedded systems. The approach is based on the component language (COLA), a synchronous data flow language with formal semantics. COLA follows the hypothesis of perfect synchrony. Models thus do not assume specific timing properties and remain deterministic as long as data flow requirements are retained. This is an essential feature for modeling safety-critical systems. Further, the well-defined semantics not only allows that the resulting models can be formally reasoned about, but is also the key to translation to domain-specific languages. This paper describes the approach of translating the models to VHDL descriptions from their graphical representations. As COLA is well-adapted to both data flow description and control automata, the generated VHDL code can be synthesized to very efficient FPGA circuits, comparable to that synthesized from hand-written VHDL code according to our case study.
YNU-HPCC at EmoInt-2017: Using a CNN-LSTM Model for Sentiment Intensity Prediction

In this paper, we present a system that uses a convolutional neural network with long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM) model to complete the task. The CNN-LSTM model has two combined parts: CNN extracts local n-gram features within tweets and LSTM composes the features to capture long-distance dependency across tweets. Additionally, we used other three models (CNN, LSTM, BiLSTM) as baseline algorithms. Our introduced model showed good performance in the experimental results.
Rapid microwave processing of winter cereals for histology allows identification of separate zones of freezing injury in the crown.

In histological studies, microwave processing of tissue considerably shortens the time required to prepare samples for observation under light and electron microscopy. However, plant tissues from different species and different regions of the plant respond differently to microwave processing, making it impossible to use a single protocol for all plant tissue. The crown of winter cereals such as rye (Secale cereale L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and oats (Avena sativa L.) is the below-ground portion of the stem that overwinters. It is composed of numerous types of cells with an organizational pattern that is similar to other grasses. When we used microwave protocols that were developed for other plant tissues, winter cereal crown tissue shattered and crumbled when sectioned. This study reports a procedure developed to process winter cereal crowns for histological observations. Using this microwave protocol, samples were prepared in 1 d as compared to 2 wk using traditional protocols. This enabled many more samples to be processed and allowed us to identify four overlapping zones of response to freezing within the crown. Results of varying time, temperature, and microwave wattage during fi xing, dehydrating, and embedding in paraffi n are described. High quality sections from the crowns of oat, barley, wheat, and rye indicate that this procedure is valid for all winter cereals. Since crown tissue is similar across all grass species, we predict that the protocol will be useful for other grasses as well.
Human Papillomavirus and head and neck cancer: Epidemiology and molecular biology

Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are known to cause cancers of the cervix and other anogenital tract sites. Molecular biology has provided some evidence as to the specific mechanisms involved in the HPV‐related carcinogenesis. Epidemiologic and molecular biology studies have also suggested that HPV infection may be associated with cancers of the head and neck.
Virtual ultrasonic waveform acquisition and analysis system based on LabVIEW and PCI-12400 A/D card

A-mode medical ultrasound device is important tool for clinical examinations in many clinical departments, especially ophthalmology. However, many complex or obscure features can not be identified well using these existing instruments, the reason is that ultrasonic echo waveforms from body contain more plentiful information than is utilized in conventional A-model medical ultrasound instrument, so more sophisticated procedures and algorithms maybe required to process the acquired waveform. In this study, a flexible PC-based virtual instrument system for acquisition and analysis of ultrasonic echo signal was developed based on LabVIEW graphical programming language (National Instruments, USA) and a high digitization-rate A/D sample card PCI-12400 (CompuScope, Gage, Canada). Ultrasound speed and ultrasound attenuation coefficients were computed in this virtual instrument system. In addition, this system can provide an adaptable tool that may be modified to suit a given application, with scope for future implementation in the field.
Effects of Sodium DL-Lactate on Insulin Secretion in Anesthetized Dogs

The effect of sodium DL-lactate administration on insulin release in anesthetized dogs has been studied. Eleven mongrel dogs were infused with sodium DL-lactate for 20 min at the rate of 20 mg/kg · min. Lactate infusion produced simultaneous increases in blood glucose and plasma insulin levels in the pancreatico-duodenal vein. To determine whether lactate stimulated insulin secretion directly, sodium DL-lactate was rapidly injected into the pancreatic artery of six dogs; this pulse induced a significant increase in insulin release from pancreatic B-cells, even in the absence of a measurable change in blood glucose. Diazoxide, when infused in six dogs, blocked lactate-induced insulin secretion. These findings indicate that lactate, as do other circulating energy fuels, may play a role in the physiologic control of insulin secretion.
Fast and Slow Gamma Rhythms Are Intrinsically and Independently Generated in the Subiculum

Gamma rhythms are essential for memory encoding and retrieval. Despite extensive study of these rhythms in the entorhinal cortex, dentate gyrus, CA3, and CA1, almost nothing is known regarding their generation and organization in the structure delivering the most prominent hippocampal output: the subiculum. Here we show using a complete rat hippocampal preparation in vitro that the subiculum intrinsically and independently generates spontaneous slow (25–50 Hz) and fast (100–150 Hz) gamma rhythms during the rising phase and peak of persistent subicular theta rhythms. These two gamma frequencies are phase modulated by theta rhythms without any form of afferent input from the entorhinal cortex or CA1. Subicular principal cells and interneurons phase lock to both fast and slow gamma, and single cells are independently phase modulated by each form of gamma rhythm, enabling selective participation in neural synchrony at both gamma frequencies at different times. Fast GABAergic inhibition is required for the generation of fast gamma, whereas slow gamma is generated by excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms. In addition, the transverse subicular axis exhibits gamma rhythm topography with faster gamma coupling arising in the distal subiculum region. The subiculum therefore possesses a unique intrinsic circuit organization that can autonomously regulate the timing and topography of hippocampal output synchronization. These results suggest the subiculum is a third spontaneous gamma generator in the hippocampal formation (in addition to CA3 and the entorhinal cortex), and these gamma rhythms likely play an active role in mediating the flow of information between the hippocampus and multiple cortical and subcortical brain regions.
Leucine Aminopeptidase Regulates Defense and Wound Signaling in Tomato Downstream of Jasmonic Acid[W]

Leucine aminopeptidase A (LapA) is a late wound-response gene of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). To elucidate the role of LapA, transgenic plants that overexpressed or abolished LapA gene expression were used. The early wound-response gene RNA levels were similar in wild-type and Lap-silenced (LapA-SI), -antisense (LapA-AS), and -overexpressing (LapA-OX) plants. By contrast, late wound-response gene RNA levels and protection against Manduca sexta damage were influenced by LapA RNA and protein levels. While LapA-OX plants had elevated levels of LapA RNAs and protein, ectopic expression of LapA was not sufficient to induce Pin (Ser proteinase inhibitor) or PPO (polyphenol oxidase) transcripts in nonwounded leaves. M. sexta larvae damaged less foliage and displayed delays in growth and development when feeding on LapA-OX plants. By contrast, LapA-SI and LapA-AS lines had lower levels of Pin and PPO RNAs than wild-type controls. Furthermore, larvae consumed more foliage and attained larger masses when feeding on LapA-SI plants. Jasmonic acid (JA) did not complement the wound-signaling phenotype of LapA-SI plants. Based on root elongation in the presence of JA, JA perception appeared to be intact in LapA-SI lines. Collectively, these data suggested that LAP-A has a role in modulating essential defenses against herbivores by promoting late wound responses and acting downstream of JA biosynthesis and perception.