Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Antibody and Organ Immune Responses of Broiler Starter Fed Diets with Graded Levels of Digestible Lysine

The objective of the study was to investigate broiler immune responses during the starter phase to graded levels of digestible lysine. This experiment used 175 mixed sex broiler chickens from 1 to 21 days of age. Seven chicks were selected and allocated to each floor pens. Chicks were fed experimental diets from one day old to 21 days of age. Dietary treatments included the following levels of digestible lysine: 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.0 and 14.0 g/kg diet. Supplemental synthetic L-Lysine-HCl which was considered to be 100% digestible was added to diets to obtain the concentration of the digestible amino acid. At 21 days of age, two chickens from each pen with body weights close to the pen mean were selected for evaluation of immunological variables. Immune organs (spleen and bursa), cellular immune response (skin test), and antibody production against infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were determined. Blood samples (plasma) were taken from the same birds to determine antibody titer against IBV. The birds were euthanized, and immune organs (spleen and bursa) were removed, and weighed individually. The results showed that spleen and bursa weight of birds fed diet containing 6.0 g/kg digestible lysine was significantly lower than those given diet containing 10 to 14 g/kg of digestible lysine. Toe web thickness of chickens fed diet containing 6.0 g/kg digestible lysine was significantly lower than the birds fed diets containing 14 g/kg digestible lysine. In conclusion, diet containing 8.0 g/kg appeared to have greatest potential to modulate immune response among other levels. However increasing levels of lysine did not have significant effect on antibody production. Key words: amino acid, lysine, broiler, digestible
Rheology of viscoelastic suspensions of spheres under small and large amplitude oscillatory shear by numerical simulations

The dynamic response of a viscoelastic suspension of spheres under small and large amplitude oscillatory shear is investigated by three-dimensional direct numerical simulations. A sliding triperiodic domain is implemented whereby the computational domain is regarded as the bulk of an infinite suspension. A fictitious domain method is used to manage the particle motion. After the stress field is computed, the bulk properties are recovered by an averaging procedure. The numerical method is validated by comparing the computed linear viscoelastic response of Newtonian and non-Newtonian suspensions with previous theories and simulations. The numerical predictions are in very good quantitative agreement with experimental data for the Newtonian case, whereas deviations are found with respect to some sets of experiments for semidilute and concentrated viscoelastic suspensions. To investigate on such discrepancies, the effect of aggregates in the bulk of the suspension is examined. The simulations show that the pr.
on EOS IDS Investigation of Chemical and Dynamical Changes in the Stratosphere up to and During the EOS Observing Period

Investigation of Chemical and Dynamical Changes in the Stratosphere up to and During the EOS Observing Period M. R. Schoeberl, P. I. , Goddard Space Flight Center Steve E. Cohn, Goddard Space Flight Center Anne R. Douglass, Goddard Space Flight Center James Gleason, Goddard Space Flight Center Charles H. Jackman, Goddard Space Flight Center Leslie R. Lait, Hughes STX, Landover, MD Paul A. Newman, Goddard Space Flight Center Richard B. Rood, Goddard Space Flight Center Page 1 of 18
Seed physiological maturity in Dill (Anethum graveolens L.)

Seed physiological maturity was studied to determine the optimum harvest time for dill seed production at the Faculty of Agriculture, Ubon Ratchathani University during October 2005 to March 2006. Seed reached physiological maturity at 35 days after anthesis with germination of 37.5%. At this stage seed moisture content was too high to harvest and germination percentage was low. The optimum time to commence harvesting should be after seed physiological maturity (45-70 days after anthesis) but before seed shedding. At these stages, seed color was dark brown with 9-12% seed moisture content. The highest seed germination (68.5%) was at 70 days after anthesis while seed started to shed.
The Correlation of Music Preference and Personality

Music is a universal phenomenon that is seen throughout every culture across the world. People have manifested individual interests in music based on their environment, culture, and distinct discernments. Music is easily accessible currently due to the media age that has dominated across the world; therefore individuality has never been so independent and universal at the same time. With that being said, an iPod can reveal a good amount of personal information about a person with the different types of musical genres they have acquired. The distinguishing factors of music can subsequently determine certain behaviors and traits the person can potentially possess. Research has determined that with certain music, there are collective traits the person is more disposed too. Therefore, there is a definite relationship between one’s music preference and personality. The theories, dimensions, research, arguments, and how to test the relationship will be exposed from this paper.
Coastal and Ocean Mapping Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping 9-2007 Enhancement of Underwater Video Mosaics for Post-Processing

Mosaics of seafloor created from still images or video acquired underwater have proved to be useful for construction of maps of forensic and archeological sites, species' abundance estimates, habitat characterization, etc. Images taken by a camera mounted on a stable platform are registered (at first pair-wise and then globally) and assembled in a high resolution visual map of the surveyed area. While this map is usually sufficient for a human orientation and even quantitative measurements, it often contains artifacts that complicate an automatic post-processing (for example, extraction of shapes for organism counting, or segmentation for habitat characterization). The most prominent artifacts are inter-frame seams caused by inhomogeneous artificial illumination, and local feature misalignments due to parallax effects result of an attempt to represent a 3D world on a 2D map. In this paper we propose two image processing techniques for mosaic quality enhancement Median Mosaic-based Illumination Correction suppressing appearance of inter-frame seams, and Micro Warping decreasing influence of parallax effects.
Making an Issue out of a Standard

The article focuses on stories and storytelling practices as explanatory resources in standardization processes. It draws upon an ethnographic study of the development of a technical standard for data sharing in an ecological research community, where participants struggle to articulate the difficulties encountered in implementing the standard. Building from C. Wright Mills’ classic distinction between private troubles and public issues, the authors follow the development of a story as it comes to assist in transforming individual troubles in standard implementation into an institutional issue for the ecological scientific community. The authors present the “hands-on” social science collaboration in this study as an example of a mechanism for supporting institutionalization of issues. Finally, the authors argue that narratives can serve as effective organizing principles within institutional settings, thereby providing an approach to understand the practical, substantive difficulties that occur in work with data in the sciences.
Learning the Diversity and Evolutionary Pattern of the Dengue Virus

Dengue, a mosquito borne infection caused by a family of viruses, poses significant health threats throughout the developed and the developing world. There are four serotypes of Dengue virus that cause the disease. Phylogenetic studies have identified genetic subtypes within each of the four Dengue virus serotypes. The Dengue virus differs in each subtype, making the dynamics of the Dengue virus population complex. The rapid evolution processes of the Dengue virus dramatically increase the occurrences of a diversity of subtypes of the virus. However, the process of evolution has left patterns of relationships between Dengue virus subtypes. Our goal in this study was to learn and understand Dengue virus' evolutionary pattern and to predict its future evolution. To better understand the evolutionary mechanism of the Dengue virus, we examined a data set consisting of 1191 nucleotide sequences of the envelope protein gene of the Dengue virus. A Phylogenetic tree was used to trace the origin of the selected Dengue viruses from this data set. We used association rules, bigrams and trigrams to extract frequently occurring evolutionary patterns in each position of the gene. Evolutionary patterns extracted using the above mentioned techniques were then evaluated. The association rule technique achieved an accuracy rate of 0.994 in predicting upcoming evolutionary shifts. Both bigram and trigram techniques achieved approximately 0.778 accuracy rates for predicting these patterns. Our experimental results conclude that, there is an evolutionary pattern in the Dengue virus which could be exploited for treating patients and halting epidemics.
Exchange Rate Misalignment And Growth: Old And New Econometric Evidence

Several studies have tried to identify the relationship between growth and misaligned or overvalued currencies. Many works (Easterly (2001) and Fajnzylber et alii (2002)), find negative correlations between exchange rate misalignment and growth for a long list of developing countries since the seventies; the more overvalued the currency, the smaller the per capita growth rates. Even after controlling the regressions for several types of variables, the studies cannot reject the statistical significance of overvalued exchange rates in explaining growth. This paper presents new econometric evidence for the exchange rate levels and growth relation based on a panel data study for 58 developing countries from 1960 until 1999 using PPP deviation measures. Our main contribution here is to estimate growth regressions with a real exchange rate index that deals with changes in real GDP per capita levels. We use a new overvaluation index that takes into account variations in real per capita incomes, adjusting, thus, our exchange rate estimates for the so-called Balassa-Samuelson effect. By correcting traditional real exchange rate annual estimates for GDP per capita increases, we intend to control our whole series for appreciations due to productivity increases as many authors do for some specific years.
Comparison of heavy-metal bioaccumulation properties in Pinus sp. and Quercus sp. in selected European Cu deposits.

Abstract. Heavy-metal contamination of Pinus pinaster, P. sylvestris, Quercus robur, and Q. rotundifolium was studied in four abandoned historic Cu deposits from Italy (Libiola, Caporciano), Portugal (Sao Domingos), and Slovakia (L'ubietova). The highest Cu and Mn contents in anthropogenic soil were described in Libiola and Caporciano whereas the highest Pb, Zn, As, and Sb contents in Sao Domingos. The anthropogenic soil in L'ubietova shows the highest Co contents. The area of Sao Domingos is the most acidified. There are important differences between the bioaccumulation of plants from individual deposits. Bioavailability of the heavy metals is generally independent of the pH values. The high Ca and Mg contents in soil are able to block the transport of heavy metals to the plant tissues. The bioconcentration factor values of all plant taxa, in all deposits, indicate a predominant strategy of excluders. Only Ag shows excellent bioconcentration ability. In L'ubietova, Pinus sylvestris has a strategy as an accumulator of Pb (2.43) and Zn (2.49); Pinus pinaster of Mn (4.97), Cd (1.85), and Co (5.62) and Quercus rotundifolium of Mn (3.54) in Sao Domingos. The predominantly low translocation factor values indicate that in most cases the heavy metals are accumulated in roots; only in a few rare cases do they migrate to shoots (e.g. Zn in Pinus sp. from all localities, Co in P. pinaster in Sao Domingos).
Review of the neotropical genus Prasmodon (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae), with emphasis on species from Area de Conservación Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica

The Microgastrinae genus Prasmodon is revised and the following 16 new species are described: erenadupontae and verhoogdenokus (authored by Braet and Fernández-Triana), and almasolisae, aureus, bobpoolei, bobrobbinsi, dondavisi, johnbrowni, masoni, mikepoguei, nixoni, paulgoldsteini, scottmilleri, silvatlanticus, subfuscus, and tijucaensis (authored by Fernández-Triana and Whitfield). The greatest species richness is found in the Amazon basin, but the genus extends throughout the rain forests of Central and South America. Leaf-rolling and webbing caterpillars of Crambidae and Elachistidae are the only known hosts for these parasitoids. JHR 37: 1–52 (2014) doi: 10.3897/JHR.37. 6748 www.pensoft. net/journals/jhr Copyright Jose Fernandez-Triana et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. RESEARCH ARTICLE Jose Fernandez-Triana et al. / Journal of Hymenoptera Research 37: 1–52 (2014) 2
A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY AND COMPARISON OF VARIOUS METHODS ON DATA LEAKAGES

Data security is an important asset for any organization. Mainly data leakages will take place when a system is premeditated such that some vital information about the organization is revealed to unauthorized parties. In addition, during the time of data sharing, there may be huge chances for the data exposure, leading to leakage or unauthorized modifications. The protection and prevention of sensitive data from leakages is a vital issue to every organization, as the data is the most valuable source for any organization. Many authors have developed and presented their views of safeguarding the data such that the vital information is not explored or leakage. In this article, a detailed survey many such recent innovations on data leakage techniques aimed at detecting data leakages are highlighted for the researchers to have further directions.
Distribution of invasive weeds on the territory of AP Vojvodina.

Invasive weed species occur as companions of various human activities. They occupy different ruderal, urban and rural habitats, which is followed by their free spreading in nature. In recent years, spread of invasive weed species on the territory of AP Vojvodina became more pronounced, and the number of invasive weeds is constantly increasing. On the territory of AP Vojvodina, several ruderal weed species are found among invasive weeds, threatening agricultural production, human and animal health and the environment in general. The greatest economic significance have ruderal weed species, such as: Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers, Rumex crispus L. , Carduus acanthoides L. , Conyza canadensis L. , Urtica dioica L. , Chenopodium album L. , Rubus caesius L. , Arctium lappa L. , and established invasive weed species Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. , Asclepias syriaca L. , Iva xanthofolia L. and Artemisia vulgaris L. Established coverage of invasive weed species is within a range of 30-95%, while the presence level marked V is found for Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Artemisia vulgaris, and presence level marked I for Amaranthus retroflexus, Asclepias syriaca and Cuscuta campestris.
The Emu is Done: How About the Fiscal Union and the Next Future of the United Europe?

The economic and monetary union was actually compulsory, despite that the Maastricht Treaty does not express as such. Moreover, specialists argue that the monetary union is equally required to be fiscal as well. And what is this? Of course, strenghtening central governance, once more against the national one in the member states. Will this go well in the aftermath of the “No” for the new European constitutional project by several nations and for the Lisboa Treaty by the Irish people? Not easy to say, but actually the fiscal union is as much supposed to have started, as the monetary union had some decades ago, much earlier than the current common currency.
Explaining spatial variability in mean annual runoff in the conterminous United States

The hydrologic concepts needed in a water-balance model to estimate the spatial varia- tion in mean annual runoff for the 344 climate divisions in the conterminous United States (U.S.) were determined. The concepts that were evaluated were the climatic supply of water (precipitation), cli- matic demand for water (potential evapotranspiration), seasonality in supply and demand, and soil- moisture-storage capacity. Most (91%) of the spatial variability in mean annual runoff for the climate divisions in the conterminous U.S. was explained by the spatial variability of mean annual precipitation minus mean annual potential evapotranspiration. When soil-moisture-storage capacity and seasonality in supply and demand were added to the water balance, the explained variance in mean annual runoff increased slightly, and the error in estimated mean annual runoff decreased significantly. Adding soil- moisture-storage capacity and seasonality in supply and demand provided the most improvement in areas where seasonal supply and demand are out of phase.
Study on Novel Oxynitride Layer Applied to Flash Memory using HfO2 as Charge Trapping Layer

This study focuses on how to improve the reliabilities of Flash memory, including the data retention and device endurance. The tunnel oxide of conventional Flash memory is dry SiO2 layer. When the thickness of tunnel oxide layer is thinner than 7nm, the defects of tunnel oxide will form the leakage path easily. The trapped charges in trapping layer leak out through the leakage path and let we read the wrong data information. Therefore, the novel oxynitride process proposed in this study can replace the conventional dry oxide layer and improve the reliabilities of Flash memory by reducing the interface states and bulk defects. Moreover, the novel oxynitride process is compatible with standard CMOS process today and it is practicable improvement in industry manufacturing. The charge storage unit of conventional nonvolatile memory is Poly-Silicon Floating Gate and the charges in poly-Si distribute uniformly. If there were leakage path, the trapping charges would all lead out. While the charges distribute discretely in Si3N4 layer, the SONOS structure was proposed and replaced the conventional poly-Si floating gate. To promote the program speed and lower the operating voltage, the HfO2 layer worked as trapping layer in this study and was called SOHOS structure. At first we found the better PDA conditions of HfO2 film from the test capacitors and applied the optimum condition in integrated Flash memory devices. Finally, the complete electrical measurements and analysis were carried out. From the result of this study, we confirm that the novel oxynitride process can be applied in Flash memory cells fully. The oxynitride can promote the reliabilities of Flash memory by improving the quality of tunnel oxide. Therefore, in order to reach the scaling down and modification of memory device in the future, the novel oxynitride process is potential and expectable gradually. III 誌謝 能在交大擁有兩年的碩士班學習生活,是十分令我驕傲且欣喜的事,在這 個充滿豐富資源及挑戰性的環境下,培養我許多多元思考及製程實作的經驗,相 信在未來,這些體驗都是彌足珍貴的;兩年來,感謝羅正忠教授提供實驗環境予 我們專心學習,並且在IC技術這門課上辛勤的教學,更是讓所有電子所的學生能 夠精確地掌握製程技術的關鍵,也才讓我能順利完成學業。 此外也要感謝林伯村 學長,常提供寶貴的建議及和我一起討論實驗上的細節,並且替實驗室籌畫了許 多活動,凝聚實驗室的向心力,讓我可以在團結的力量下成長,也留下了許多深 刻的回憶。 也要感謝課堂上許多教授的諄諄教誨,讓我可以吸收許多知識及經 驗,得以在實驗中發揮及體認IC技術的精髓。 在實驗室生活中,感謝大峰、宏仁、智仁、信智、德安、建宏的相伴,在 碩一沈重的課業壓力下,大家一起討論課業內容及挑燈苦讀準備考試的情景,都 是十分難忘的回憶,並且在無塵室中通宵趕進度的沈悶環境下,也是有各位的相 互支持,大家才可以順利完成實驗,也要感謝瓊惠學姊、宏春學長、紀伯、國源、 文昱、一桀、俐婷、睿龍、勝凱及無塵室內的許多工程師,有大家相互幫忙之下, 營造出一個優質的研究環境。 最後這一刻的喜悅,要獻給我的父親林文義先生、母親陳麗詩女士及胞弟 正華,有你們的支持與關懷及提供強力的後盾,可以讓我在求學生涯中無後顧之 憂的往前邁進;此外要謝謝宜貞,彼此相互扶持度過了實習生活及碩士班入學考 試,並且在這兩年內作為我的心靈導師,總是給我安慰與鼓勵,也指導我許多GRE 的準備方向,感謝妳並祝福妳早日順利完成夢想。 要感謝的人太多,在此向所有 幫助過我的人致上最深的敬意,祝福大家都健康、平安、順利,感恩。
Technology, market structure and intellectual property rights: Evidence from the pharmaceutical industry

Much of the public debate about pharmaceuticals over the past years has focused on prices. From a market intervention perspective, this has lead to the proliferation of a great variety of government regulations, all of which aim at facing the conflicting policy targets of granting drug fruition to all citizens and containing/controlling public health expenditure. However, policies designed to improve the efficiency of the pharmaceutical market have to take account of its features in terms of industry characteristics and rigidity of demand. Indeed, in the pharmaceutical market regulatory, contractual and financial mechanisms influence price formation and the information flow, while determining – at the same time – different relationships between economic agents along the chain consumer-decision-maker-payer. The paper aims at comparing within an experimental framework the impact of different government regulatory intervention over competition between generic and branded drugs. 5E.g. price control systems, profit caps, fixed price margins etc. For a review of regulations in the pharmaceutical industry see Jacobzone (2000). 202 M. Fernandez-Bagues / Technology, market structure and intellectual property rights Product piracy: The sale of counterfeit pharmaceuticals in developing countries Kristina M. Lybecker Department of Economics & International Business, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
SELECTED PROBLEMS IN PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SYSTEMS ANALYSIS

This dissertation deals with selected topics of digital photogrammetry. The problem is deĄned and the state of the art is described in the Ąrst part of the dissertation. Four speciĄed aims are solved. The proposal of the method for Ąnding corresponding points is the Ąrst topic. Two new methods were proposed. The Ąrst method uses conversion of an image to pseudocolors. The second method used a probabilistic model obtained from the known pairs of the corresponding points. The analysis of the accuracy of the reconstruction is the second solved topic. The inĆuence of the various aspects to the accuracy of the reconstruction is analyzed. The most attention is paid to incorrect camera alignment and errors in Ąnding corresponding points. The third topic is estimation of the depth maps. The two method were proposed. The Ąrst method is based on the combination of the passive and active method. The second wholly passive approach uses continuity of the depth map. The last investigative topic is quality of experience of the 3D videos. The subjective tests of the perception of 3D content for the various 3D displaying systems were performed. The dependency of the perception on the viewing angle was also investigated.
The methods of operations management in the tool making industry

TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Master’s Degree Programme in Mechanical Engineering PURHONEN, PETRA: The methods of operations management in the tool making industry Master of Science Thesis, 68 pages, 2 Appendix pages October 2011 Major: Production Engineering Examiner: Professor Asko Riitahuhta