Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pilot randomised controlled trial of the Risk Acceptance Ladder (RAL) as a tool for targeting health communications

Background Improving adherence to self-protective behaviours is a public health priority. We aimed to assess the potential effectiveness and ease of use of an online version of the Risk Acceptance Ladder (RAL) in promoting help-seeking for cigarette smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, insufficient physical activity, or low fruit and vegetable consumption. Methods 843 UK adults were recruited, of whom 602 engaged in at least one risky behaviour. Those with no immediate plans to change (n = 171) completed a behaviour specific RAL. Participants were randomised to one of two conditions; a short message congruent (on-target, n = 73) or incongruent (off-target, n = 98) with their RAL response. Performance of the RAL was assessed by participants’ ability to select an applicable RAL item and reported ease of use of the RAL. Effectiveness was assessed by whether or not participants clicked a link to receive information about changing their target behaviour. Results Two thirds (68.9%, 95% CI = 61.8%-75.3%) of participants were able to select an applicable RAL item that corresponded to what they believed would need to change in order to alter their target behaviour, with 64.9% (95% CI = 57.5%-71.7%) reporting that it was easy to select one option. Compared with the off-target group, participants allocated to the on-target group had greater odds of clicking on the link to receive information (31.5% vs 19.4%; OR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.01–4.26). Conclusion The Risk Acceptance Ladder may have utility as a tool for tailoring messages to prompt initial steps to engaging in self-protective behaviours.
NUTRIENT AND CARBON DYNAMICS IN A REPLACEMENT SERIES OF EUCALYPTUS AND ALBIZIA TREES

Tree plantations are an important component of tropical landscapes, providing wood, fuel, and perhaps carbon (C) sequestration. Primary production in wet tropical plantations is typically nutrient limited. In some Hawaiian Eucalyptus plantations, nitrogen (N) limitations to production are alleviated by intercropping N-fixing Albizia trees that may decrease available phosphorus (P). Thus, sustainable productivity and C sequestration may depend on species composition. We measured soil N and P availability and ecosystem N and C sequestration in a 17-yr-old replicated replacement series of Eucalyptus and Albizia in Hawaii. Species composition included pure plots of each species and four proportions of mixtures. Soil N availability increased with the proportion of Albizia in the plot, but soil P availability declined. Aboveground tree C accumulation showed a synergistic response to increasing percentage of Albizia, with the mixed stands having more tree C than pure stands of Eucalyptus or Albizia. In the top 50 cm of soil, total N and C increased linearly with percentage of Albizia. Stands with the highest percentage of Albizia had 230 g/m2 more soil N and 2000 g/m2 more soil C than stands without Albizia. Stable C isotope analyses showed that increased soil C resulted from differences in both tree-derived C and “old” sugarcane-derived C. Deeper soil C (50–100 cm) was a substantial fraction (0.36) of total soil C but did not vary among treatments. Our results demonstrate that tree species effects on nutrient and C dynamics are not as simple as monocultures suggest. Mixed-species afforestation increased tree and soil C accrual over 17 years, and N inputs may increase soil C storage by decreasing decomposition.
Fracture Caging to Control Induced Seismicity with Inspiration from the EGS Collab Project

In 2018, we introduced the concept of ‘fracture caging’ at the Stanford Geothermal Workshop. The concept involves drilling intelligent patterns of production wells around injection wells to improve EGS reservoir efficiency and to limit out-of-zone fracture growth. Experiments and modelling that validated this concept were inspired during the design phase of the eight-well EGS Collab Experiment 1 site at the Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF). Recently, we discovered evidence that fracture caging could also offer a means to control earthquakes that would otherwise be caused by injection induced seismicity. Field examples of this effect from Hijiori, Pohang, and numerous injection dominated sites as well as laboratory examples from large block hydraulic stimulation and fluid circulation studies are presented. In this paper, we propose a mechanism linking fracture caging and reduced seismic risk and we elaborate on the potential of this mechanism to enable direct control of the risk of earthquakes generated by EGS sites. Scaled to large arrays of wells, this method appears to become increasingly feasible. While this fracture caging concept is relatively new, with sufficiently convincing validation, ‘fracture caging’ could help prevent the damaging induced seismic events from geothermal energy projects.
Possible mode of action of Azospirillum brasilense strain Cd on the root morphology and nodule formation in burr medic (Medicago polymorpha)

The mechanism(s) involved in the effect of Azospirillum brasilense strain Cd on root susceptibility to nodulation was studied in medic seedlings grown in pouches. The number of nodules above the position of the root-tip mark at the time of inoculation and the position of the uppermost nodule were used as parameters for determining the rate of nodule initiation. Cell-free extracts and culture supernatants prepared from Azospirillum and the cytokinin benzyladenine (10−9 M) significantly increased the number of nodules formed above the root-tip mark when applied together with Rhizobium compared with those formed with Rhizobium alone. The application of indoleacetic acid did not cause an increase in the number of nodules. In the absence of Rhizobium, exposure to Azospirillum at a concentration of 109 cfu/mL or to compounds excreted by the bacteria into the growth medium caused a 40% increase in endogenous ethylene production by the roots. A less concentrated inoculum did not increase ethylene production. Inoc.
A Bird’s Eye View of Early Modern Latin: Distant Reading, Network Analysis and Style Variation

Classical philology—including Neo-Latin studies—is usually claimed to be rather conservative in adopting new trends and methodological paradigms to the study of ancient languages and literatures. Quite surprisingly, however, this claim does not really apply to the “digital turn” in the humanities, which from the very beginning was supported by historical corpora of ancient languages: the Perseus Project might serve as the most representative and the most comprehensive example (Crane 2014). Probably more surprising is the fact that Latin and Greek were the first languages to be assessed with statistical methods. Moreover, the same applies to stylometry—both the term and a non-traditional method of authorship attribution—which was, in fact, introduced by classical scholars.
Is the Sustainability Revolution Devouring Its Own Children? Understanding Sustainability as a Travelling Concept and the Role Played by Two German Discourses on Sustainability

This paper examines whether the expanded meaning of the term sustainability and its broader use in society, policy and economics will actually bring about the benefits experts anticipate for the forest-based sector. It begins by defining sustainability as a travelling concept, then presents and analyzes two current lines of discourse in Germany on sustainability, both with high relevance for the forest-based sector: strong sustainability and sustainable building. The analysis shows that each discourse has developed and established a diametrically opposed meaning of sustainability. As a result, it could be argued that the two meanings pose a threat to the German forest-based sector by reducing the raw material base and ultimately minimizing market opportunities. This reasoning reveals a paradox: as the term sustainability, originally coined by the forestry sector, becomes mainstream, it could end up limiting the sector’s future growth.
Physicochemical Properties and Wet-Milling Qualities of Dent Corn (Zea mays indentata L.) Hybrids Grown in Tokat and Samsun Locations of Turkey

The aim of this research was to investigate physicochemical properties and wet-milling qualities of commonly grown dent corn (Zea mays indentata L.) hybrids (Isıdora, Helen, Shemal, Tietar and P32W86) grown in Tokat and Samsun locations of Turkey. Grain yields were much higher in Tokat (average 1577 kg da) than in Samsun (average 1232 kg da). Corn hybrids varied significantly by genotype in such physical properties as thousand-kernel weight, hectoliter weight, hardness and density, and mean values were respectively 372.8-379.3 g, 77.6-77.7 kg, 18.8-19.7 sec and 1.30-1.29 g cm. Chemical compositions of corns differed by hybrid and to some extent by growing location and year. All hybrids, especially Helen, Shemal and P32W86, exhibited wet-milling results (yields: starch 64.2-64.6%, gluten 13.0-14.1%, fiber 10.1-10.5%, germ 6.8-7.1% and steep-water solids 4.74.9%) that were comparable to industrial wet-processing. Significant correlations were determined among physical, chemical and wet-milling properties of corn hybrids. Considering higher grain yields but similar wet-milling qualities, Tokat appears to be better suited than Samsun for starch-oriented dent corn production.
TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN AYURVEDA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO PREVENTION OF LIFESTYLE DISORDERS WITH AN EMPHASIS ON THE CONCEPT OF EPIGENETICS

Epigenetics is the study of the process by which genetic information is translated into the substance and behaviour of an organism: specifically, the study of the way in which the expression of heritable traits is modified by environmental influences or other mechanisms without a change to the DNA sequence. Epigenetics is the study of changing genetics without actually touching the genes. The cells of our body can behave and respond differently based on particular environmental factors. Research has shown that cells have dynamic intelligence and that the environment can turn certain genes on or off. For example, if an environmental factor that turns on a gene that is linked to a disease process is eliminated and replaced with a healthier environment, then the predisposition for that genetic disease will not be supported and is less likely to manifest.New research has revealed that cells are responsive to the internal environment of our thoughts, beliefs and feelings as well as the physical environment. This research states that, genetics are controlled by the perception of the environment rather than genes themselves. With the science of epigenetics we can begin to map out genes that keep us in a healthy state and eliminate those bad genes that have been plaguing humans over the course of time. There is real possibility to map cures for certain cancers, autoimmune disorders, and many other debilitating diseases.Ayurveda relates to the concept of epigenetics in distinct ways. The first way relates the Ayurvedic concept of Prakruti vs. Vikruiti with that of genetics vs epigenetics. Role of nature and lifestyle routines in relation to epigenetic research is being understood. Not only what we eat but everything we take in through the five senses affects our health and our susceptibility to disease. Both Epigenetics and Ayurveda have shown that a person‟s experience at the physical, mental and cellular level can directly affect the quality of that person‟s life experience. This paper highlights the recent findings of research and scope of further research in the field of epigenetics translating the concepts of Swasthavritta
The Prostate Health Index (phi)

Purpose—PSA and free PSA (fPSA) have limited specificity for detecting clinically significant, curable prostate cancer (PCa), leading to unnecessary biopsies and detection and treatment of some indolent tumors. [−2]proPSA (p2PSA) may improve specificity for detecting clinically significant PCa. Our objective was to evaluate p2PSA, fPSA, and PSA in a mathematical formula (prostate health index [phi] = [−2]proPSA / fPSA) × PSA1/2) to enhance specificity for detecting overall and high-grade PCa. Materials and Methods—We enrolled 892 men in a prospective multi-institutional trial with no history of PCa, normal rectal examination, a PSA of 2–10 ng/mL, and ≥6core prostate biopsy. We examined the relationship of serum PSA, %fPSA and phi with biopsy results. The primary endpoints were the specificity and AUC using phi to detect overall and Gleason ≥7 prostate cancer on biopsy compared with %fPSA. Results—For the 2–10 ng/mL PSA range, at 80–95% sensitivity, the specificity and AUC (0.703) of phi exceeded those of PSA and %fPSA. Increasing phi was associated with a 4.7-fold increased risk of PCa and 1.61-fold increased risk of Gleason ≥7 disease on biopsy. The AUC for phi (0.724) exceeded that of %fPSA (0.670) in discriminating between PCa with Gleason ≥ 4+3 vs. lower grade disease or negative biopsies. Phi results were not associated with age and prostate volume. Conclusions—Phi may be useful in PCa screening to reduce unnecessary biopsies in men age ≥50 years with PSA 2–10 ng/mL and negative DRE, with minimal loss in sensitivity.
Behavior-Based Network Device Tracking

With the constantly growing number of devices on private and corporate networks, it is becoming increasingly more important for network administrators to track devices based on their behavior with limited feature availability due to the increasing security risks. This paper analyzes methods used to create device proﬁles that are subsequently used to identify devices using frequency analysis and the k-Nearest Neighbors algorithm with cosine similarity as the distance metric. Lastly, the results of this method are presented with possible improvements to the existing algorithm.
Benchmarking medical segmentation models with limited training sets

Deep learning based medical data segmentation methods can provide excellent results already. However, these results are obtained mostly thanks to the large training data sets. Obtaining the sufﬁcient amount of correct annotations might be problematic in the medical ﬁeld. This paper describes the problem of training medical segmentation models with limited annotations and proposes solutions to address the issue. We compare the baseline segmentation model group with two other model groups. These groups use different means to battle the lack of data problem. First group is pretrained in unsupervised manner and the second one uses human interaction in form of guidance clicks. We train 14 models for each group on subsets with varying number of patients. Segmentation model trained on small number of patients has better results when pretrained in unsupervised manner on the whole trainig set with 70 patients. Better results are obtained with the interactive method, where training on only two patients reaches Dice score 0.929 whereas the preitrained model reaches 0.830 and the baseline model only 0.749.
A new approach to Incentives under the Convention on Biological Diversity

The COP and SBSTTA of the Convention on Biological Diversity have gotten bogged down on the issue of incentives, particularly through efforts to link incentives to the international trade agenda. While the international dimensions are critically important, it appears that the Parties have reached a dead end, or at least an impasse, on this issue. IUCN certainly encourages the Parties to continue their negotiations, but in the meantime, we would like to offer some suggestions on how to implement the very straightforward Article 11 of the CBD, on Incentive Measures. This Article states that, “each Contracting Party shall, as far as possible and as appropriate, adopt economically and socially sound measures that act as incentives for the conservation and sustainable use of components of biological diversity. ” Article 11 recognizes that command and control mechanisms, while necessary, are not sufficient for conserving the level of biodiversity required for the welfare of society. Many incentive measures can be adopted at the national level to implement this Article, without further reference to the COP or SBSTTA. We put these suggestions forward for consideration by the individual Parties, in hopes that they might be implemented at the national level. The results could subsequently be brought to the Conference of Parties or SBSTTA as a basis for a new and less contentious approach to the issue of incentive measures. This paper should not be taken as any weakening of support for further discussion at the international level of incentive measures such as an environmental taxation mechanism, or as anything but the strongest of support for the CBD in its relations with the World Trade Organization. We very much agree that the CBD should request the WTO to avoid any measures that may undermine the objectives of the CBD, and that national CBD focal points engage in productive dialogue with their WTO counterparts toward this end. But we also recognize the resistance of some Parties to these negotiations, so we offer these suggestions as an interim measure to conserve biodiversity and support the objectives of the CBD while the sensitive negotiations with the WTO continue.
The structure and function of LuxR-family regulators

The LuxR-family regulators play important roles in acyl-homoserine lactones-mediated quorum sensing in Gram-negative bacteria, regulating many bacterial physiological processes such as bioluminescence, plasmid transfer, biofilm formation, and the production of extracellular enzymes, virulence factors, and secondary metabolites. LuxR protein-related studies have huge application potential in medicine, environmental monitoring, biocontrol, and microbial fermentation. Herein we reviewed the recent progress in the research on LuxR-family proteins, remaining questions, and the perspectives of their application.
MP3603_02_Shanahan 273..288

SOCIOLINGUISTS FREQUENTLY EXAMINE THE nature of gradual, internal shifts in languages and dialects over time, arguing for both cognitive and cultural factors, as well as those that might be somehow internal to the language itself. Similarly, musicologists have often argued that musical genres and even specific songs can be examined through gradual diachronic shifts, which seem to be especially accelerated in traditions that rely on oral transmission. For example, Spitzer (1994) examined the stemma of ‘‘Oh! Susanna’’ and noticed that it tended to become more pentatonicized at cadence points by dropping scale degree seven, and suggested that this might be true with folk songs in general. To test this, we employed both experimental and corpus-based paradigms. The experimental approach attempted to simulate oral transmission in a compressed timeframe by involving singers who heard and replicated short musical excerpts, and then would teach a colleague, who in turn passed it on to another participant. Similarly, we conducted a corpus analysis that examined the prevalence of descending stepwise endings in styles of music primarily transmitted orally compared with those transmitted primarily through notation. The experimental results suggest that cadence points in Western folk music are more likely to lose scale degree seven through the act of oral transmission, and the corpus study suggests that, although stylistic constraints play a large role in folk music, there might also be a relationship between transmission and physical affordances.
Treatment options for recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after surgical resection: review of the literature and current recommendations for management

The recurrence rate after primary resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been reported to be up to 80%. There is no consensus or guideline about the best treatment option for such recurrent HCC (rHCC). It is therefore of paramount importance to select patients for suitable treatment due to the high risk of associated morbidity and mortality. In this paper, we review the literature on treatment for rHCC and propose a strategy based on the best evidence available. Even in rHCC, it is still possible to achieve cure and good survival rates through careful patient selection. Repeat hepatectomy is recognized as a feasible and safe procedure even in cirrhotic patients and should be considered as the best option with curative intent when the patient is fit enough. Greater adoption of minimally-invasive liver surgery could have the potential to increase the number of candidate patients with rHCC for repeat resection in the next few years. Liver transplantation offers longer disease-free survival compared to repeat resection, curing the underlying cirrhosis, but is not widely available due to organ shortage. When surgery is not feasible, locoregional treatments such as radiofrequency ablation and transarterial chemoembolization have an important role for patients who cannot tolerate repeat hepatectomy and are not suitable for transplantation. For advanced cases, systemic therapy could be considered.
Catastrophic windthrow in the presettlement forests of Wisconsin

Presettlement survey records for the state of Wisconsin (circa 1834-1873) reveal a widespread pattern of catastrophic windthrow. From these records, we have calculated that there were 51.8 separate patches (> 1.0 ha) of complete canopy windthrow covering a total of 4828 ha annually within the region of the presettlement hemlock-northern hardwood forests, in the northeastern part of the state. The estimated return time for catastrophic windthrow at a site in this region is 1210 yr. Catastrophic windthrow was much less common in the forests of southern Wisconsin. Comparisons of the presettlement disturbance regime with contemporary climatological records suggest that cata- strophic thunderstorms were the principal mechanism for large-scale windthrow in northern Wisconsin.
Best possible speech recognizer on your own data

Many state-of-the-art results in different machine learning areas are presented on day-to-day basis. By adjusting these systems to perform perfectly on a speciﬁc subset of the general data, huge improvements may be achieved in their resulting accuracy. Usage of domain adaptation in automatic speech recognition can bring us to production level models capable of transcribing difﬁcult and noisy customer conversations way more accurately than the general models trained on all kinds of language and speech data. In this work I present 12.7% word error rate improvement in our speech recognition task over the general domain speech recognizer from Google. The improvement was achieved by both very precise annotation and preparation of domain data and by combining state-of-the-art architectures and algorithms. The described system was successfully integrated into a production environment of the Parrot transcription company founded by, among other team members, current and former faculty students, which drastically increased performance of the human transcribers.