Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physical Activity Based Interactive Exercise: Punch Punch Diet

: The rate of obese children has been increasing and obesity has emerged as a highly significant threat not only to the health but also in society. Obesity in childhood has adverse effects such as physical appearance, psycho-social consequences, orthopedic complications and metabolic disturbances. As one of reasons causing these phenomena, some games targeted on children have static and stationary interfaces as input devices. This kind of devices hold game users at their computers and it causes not only decreases of the strength of their health, but also blocks communications with their family members as on of the side effects. In this paper, we propose physical activity based interactive diet exercise for obese children called “Punch Punch Diet”, which is played with a body-pointing user interface on a large screen. The motivations and goals of this study are giving physical exercises and group interactions to the obese that involve children while they are playing games.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF IMPACT FACTORS AFFECTING STRATEGIES OF THE VIRTUAL REALITY SERVICE SYSTEMS AND INTERVENING EFFECTS OF PERFORMANCE EXPECTANCY

The purpose of this paper is to statistically analyze impact factors affecting strategies of the virtual reality systems and to address intervening effects of performance expectancy. The result demonstrates that the main predictors of intention to use virtual reality service systems, in the order of importance, are hedonic motivation, personal innovativeness, social influence and performance expectancy. All intervening effects were significant: interactions between effort expectancy and performance expectancy, between social influence and performance expectancy, between personal innovativeness and performance expectancy, and between hedonic motivation and performance expectancy. It implies that the higher the customer’s performance expectancy, the stronger the impacts of effort expectancy, social influence, personal innovativeness, and hedonic motivation on intention to use the service systems. Based on the statistical results, the paper suggests that consumers should experience the services with enjoyment and get benefits by utilizing them, and so system strategies for virtual reality services should appeal to consumers by positioning the using experience as an adventure or a way to reduce their stress and change a negative mood. Another system design strategy suggested for the virtual reality services is to be reputation-building in order to gain a favorable opinion from referents, and to target the early adopters.
Clinical Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Traumatic Shock Patients from the Korean Society of Traumatology

Purpose: Despite recent developments in the management of trauma patients in South Korea, a standardized system and guideline for trauma treatment are absent. Methods: Five guidelines were assessed using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II instrument. Results: Restrictive volume replacement must be used for patients experiencing shock from trauma until hemostasis is achieved (1B). The target systolic pressure for fluid resuscitation should be 80-90 mmHg in hypovolemic shock patients (1C). For patients with head trauma, the target pressure for fluid resuscitation should be 100-110 mmHg (2C). Isotonic crystalloid fluid is recommended for initially treating traumatic hypovolemic shock patients (1A). Hypothermia should be prevented in patients with severe trauma, and if hypothermia occurs, the body temperature should be increased without delay (1B). Acidemia must be corrected with an appropriate means of treatment for hypovolemic trauma patients (1B). When a large amount of transfusion is required for trauma patients in hypovolemic shock, a massive transfusion protocol (MTP) should be used (1B). The decision to implement MTP should be made based on hemodynamic status and initial responses to fluid resuscitation, not only the patient’s initial condition (1B). The ratio of plasma to red blood cell concentration should be at least 1:2 for trauma patients requiring massive transfusion (1B). When a trauma patient is in life-threatening hypovolemic shock, vasopressors can be administered in addition to fluids and blood products (1B). Early administration of tranexamic acid is recommended in trauma patients who are actively bleeding or at high risk of hemorrhage (1B). For hypovolemic patients with coagulopathy non-responsive to primary therapy, the use of fibrinogen concentrate, cryoprecipitate, or recombinant factor VIIa can be considered (2C). Conclusions: This research presents Korea''s first clinical practice guideline for patients with traumatic shock. This guideline will be revised with updated research every 5 years.
Structural and functional consequences of the cardiac troponin C L48Q Ca(2+)-sensitizing mutation.

Calcium binding to the regulatory domain of cardiac troponin C (cNTnC) causes a conformational change that exposes a hydrophobic surface to which troponin I (cTnI) binds, prompting a series of protein-protein interactions that culminate in muscle contraction. A number of cTnC variants that alter the Ca(2+) sensitivity of the thin filament have been linked to disease. Tikunova and Davis engineered a series of cNTnC mutations that altered Ca(2+) binding properties and studied the effects on the Ca(2+) sensitivity of the thin filament and contraction [Tikunova, S. B. , and Davis, J. P. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279, 35341-35352]. One of the mutations they engineered, the L48Q variant, resulted in a pronounced increase in the cNTnC Ca(2+) binding affinity and Ca(2+) sensitivity of cardiac muscle force development. In this work, we sought structural and mechanistic explanations for the increased Ca(2+) sensitivity of contraction for the L48Q cNTnC variant, using an array of biophysical techniques. We found that the L48Q mutation enhanced binding of both Ca(2+) and cTnI to cTnC. Nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shift and relaxation data provided evidence that the cNTnC hydrophobic core is more exposed with the L48Q variant. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the mutation disrupts a network of crucial hydrophobic interactions so that the closed form of cNTnC is destabilized. The findings emphasize the importance of cNTnC's conformation in the regulation of contraction and suggest that mutations in cNTnC that alter myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity can do so by modulating Ca(2+) and cTnI binding.
Genetic Covariation in Drosophila Life History: Untangling the Data

Giesel et al. (1982a) have presented a set of experiments using Drosophila melanogaster which are difficult to interpret in terms of the reproductive ffort life history theory of Williams (1966) and Gadgil and Bossert (1970). Most importantly, no consistent pattern of negative genetic correlation between early and late life history characters was found by Giesel et al. This result was not fortuitous, as earlier studies from the Giesel laboratory have all indicated generally positive genetic correlation between life history characters, when there is any significant correlation at all (Giesel 1979; Giesel and Zettler 1980; Giesel et al. 1982b). Giesel and Zettler (1980, p. 302) offered the conclusion that "all components of fitness are positively correlated: within limits, a strain which is 'fit' in one respect is superior in other aspects as well," and there are now a number of published experiments of similar design from this laboratory, all of which ostensibly bear out this thesis. If this conclusion is in fact well founded and of general significance, then a great deal of theoretical work on the evolution of life histories must be reconsidered, for the general assumption has been one of trade-offs between life history fitness components (Gadgil and Bossert 1970; Taylor et al. 1974; Stearns 1976; Charlesworth 1980; Schaffer 1983). If such trade-offs do not exist, then the central thrust of this theory is irrelevant; but there is a problem, in that other investigators have found results out of keeping with those of Giesel et al. Hiraizumi (1961) and Simmons et al. (1980) found that high-fitness D. melanogaster chromosomes generally exhibit pleiotropic gene action which is antagonistic over fitness components: enhancement of one fitness component depresses another. Chromosomes of low fitness, however, exhibited no such pattern of antagonism. Rose and Charlesworth (1981a, 1981b) used the methods of quantitative genetics on an outbred laboratory D. melanogaster population, finding two different lines of evidence for antagonistic pleiotropy: negative additive genetic correlations and antagonistic selection responses between life history characters. Thus there is an apparent contradiction between the results found from different laboratories, all working on the same problem of fitness-component covariation within the same species, Drosophila melanogaster. In order to resolve this contradiction, Rose and Charlesworth (198 I.a) suggested that the crucial underlying factor was the degree of inbreeding in the experimental material. All of the Giesel laboratory's experiments have used some degree of
Phenotypic Changes in Host Plants Diseased by Microbotryum violaceum: Parasite Manipulation, Side Effects, and Trade-offs

Parasites induce changes in their hosts that can be viewed either as pathological effects of infection (i.e., symptoms), adaptive defense by the host, or adaptive manipulation on the part of the parasite. The pollinator-borne anther-smut fungus Microbotryum violaceum is a prevalent parasite of the common roadside weed Silene latifolia (Caryophyllaceae). The fungal disease alters the phenotype of the host plant in several important ways. In a greenhouse experiment, we show that the disease accelerated flowering and that diseased plants invested relatively less in root biomass than did healthy plants. In a second experiment, diseased plants also produced smaller, more irregularly shaped flowers with different nectar-sugar production than did healthy plants. The magnitude of some of these effects of the disease differed for different fungal crosses. Differential alteration of host phenotype may result in pollinator-mediated selection on this pathogen. Whereas some of these changes in host phenotype may represent parasite adaptations, others may represent side effects of disease. It also appears that although the parasite modifies host phenotypes, trade-offs become evident, such as those between flower size and flower number and investment to vegetative compared with storage biomass. This indicates that this fungus cannot produce a plant phenotype optimal for pollinator attraction and disease transmission.
Implementation of Autoencoder based Neural Network for Realtime Ray Tracing

This paper proposes a denoising neural network for real-time ray tracing. The ray tracing method is applied in graphics to increase reality and in particular, Monte Carlo Rendering is most effective. However, ray tracing that applies Monte Carlo Rendering has a steep rise in the amount of calculations with the increase of the number of rays. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, various methods are being proposed to reduce the number of rays and to decrease the occurring noise. In this paper, an autoencoder-based neural network that can effectively remove noise while using a small number of rays was implemented. An autoencoder that uses a 1×1 convolution in creating the last feature map was proposed to significantly lower the amount of calculation. The proposed structure can handle 8196 spp ray-tracing image in 20 seconds at 64 spp.
Companion cell‐specific inhibition of the potato sucrose transporter SUT1

In many plants, translocation of sucrose from mesnsophyll to phloem for long-distance transport is carrier-mediated. The sucrose H+-symporter gene SUT1 from potato is expressed at high levels in the phloem of mature, exporting leaves and at lower levels in other organs. Inhibition of SUT1 by expression of an antisense gene in companion cells under control of the rolC promoter leads to accumulation of high amounts of soluble and insoluble carbohydrates in leaves and inhibition of photosynthesis. The distribution of in situ localized starch does not correspond with areas of reduced photosynthesis as shown by fluorescence imaging. Dissection of antisense effects on sink and source organs by reciprocal grafts shows that inhibition of transporter gene expression in leaves is sufficient to produce chlorosis in leaves and reduced tuber yield. In contrast to the arrest of plasmodesmal development found in plants that express yeast invertase in the apoplast, in mature leaves of sucrose transporter antisense plants plasmodesmata are branched and have median cavities. These data strongly support an apoplastic mode of phloem loading in potato, in which the sucrose transporter located at the plasma membrane of the sieve element/companion cell complex represents the primary route for sugar uptake into the long-distance translocation pathway.
Time, Temperature and Germination of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum typhoides S. & H.): III. INHIBITION OF GERMINATION BY SHORT EXPOSURE TO HIGH TEMPERATURE

Seeds of pearl millet were germinated on wet filter paper at temperatures up to 50 °C. In one experiment, the temperature was held at 50 °C during imbibition and was then lowered to 32 °C or 25 °C. Germination rate and the maximum fraction of seeds germinating (Gm) both decreased as the time of exposure to 50 °C increased. In contrast, exposure to 50 °C after imbibition for 8 h slowed germination but did not significantly reduce Gm. When the 'high' temperature imposed after imbibition was reduced from 50 °C to 45 °C, there was a small reduction in the rate of germination but not in Gm. The responses have implications for the optimum time of sowing in the tropics when maximum daytime soil temperature at the depth of sowing is in the range of 45-50 °C.
Emergence of Third Generation Cephalosporin Resistance and Typing by Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) among Clinical Salmonella Isolates from Lagos, Nigeria

Aims: To investigate emergence of cephalosporin resistance and clonal relatedness among clinical Salmonella isolates recovered from patients in Lagos, Nigeria. Study Design: It is an investigative study. A total of 300 patients who presented with various types of medical conditions at prominent referral public hospitals were recruited. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos and Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria from July 2011 to May 2012. Methodology: Salmonella identification was done using standard methods. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility by disk diffusion method. The isolates were further screened for plasmid DNA and blaCTX-M carriage on plasmid using alkaline lysis and PCR methods. Clonal relatedness of the isolates was assessed by RAPD PCR using genomic DNA as template for three RAPD primers (784, 1254 and OPA4). The resulting Original Research Article British Microbiology Research Journal, 4(6): 668-677, 2014 669 RAPD types were determined by visualization and discrimination index was measured using a discriminating index calculator. Results: Sixty three Salmonella isolates were recovered made up of five serovars. In all 49% of the isolates were resistant to cefuroxime, 46% to cefoxitin, 37% to cefriazone and 35% to ceftazidine. Interestingly 28(87.5%) of the 32 ESBL producing Salmonella isolates possessed at least one or more plasmids from five distinct sizes recorded 2.5; 4; 9; 15;23.5kb. Four distinct RAPD profiles were exhibited by the test strains. The total discriminatory power among the isolates was 0.77 (77%). Conclusion: Third generation cephalosporin resistance involving blaCTX-M has emerged among clinical Salmonella isolates in Lagos. RAPD elicits potential as a cost-effective and time saving tool for local discrimination of clinical Salmonella isolates for epidemiological purposes.
The Comparative Morphology of the Male Genitalia of the Primitive Lepidoptera.

The primitive Lepidoptera discussed in this paper include the Jugate Lepidoptera, (Hepialidae and Prototheoridae), the Jugo-frenate Lepidoptera, (Mnesarchaeidae, Micropterygidae, and Eriocraniidae), and the Frenate superfamilies Tineoidea, Euceleoidea, and Bombycoidea. [†][1] The object in this discussion is to compare the male genitalia of these groups of Lepidoptera with each other and with those of nearly related orders of insects, and to ascertain from this comparison the value of these organs in gaining a more complete knowledge of the natural relationships of the insects treated. [1]: #fn-2
Periodic respiratory and circulatory performance in the red rock crab Cancer productus

Periods of simultaneous arrest in both cardiac and scaphognathite (ventilatory) pumps of up to 20 minutes duration occur spontaneously and repetitively in resting restrained Cancer productus. Measurement of cardiac and scaphognathite beat frequencies, ventilation volume, oxygen uptake and circulating blood oxygen tensions indicate that oxygen exchange is more effective in this species than has previously been reported for other brachyuran decapods and compensation for long pauses involves only short periods of moderate hyperventilation and enhanced oxygen uptake. The initiation, importance and control of pausing behaviour is discussed. During periods of repetitive pausing a stereotyped pattern of heart and scaphognathite responses occurs. The pattern is easily modified by such factors as activity and oxygen availability. This study suggests that higher neural control centers coordinate the beating of heart and scaphognathites thus allowing regulation of gas transport and exchange.
Interoperability Improvement in Internet of Things Using Fog Assisted Semantic Frame Work

Cloud computing is equipped with the numerous of advantageous features to support software and utilities on the Internet of Things (IoT). Cloud-based technology is widely used when offering support for heterogeneous applications integrating specific IoT that follows various semantics. Attaching additional information to raw data sensed with the help of ontology is accomplished in semantic model. The longer distance between the cloud and IoT applications, however, is a bottleneck for vital IoT software. So the paper puts forth a semantic frame work assisted by the fog to enhance the interoperability in the internet of things. The structure put forth moves some of the cloud's commonly used semantic resources sensor networks edge and also offers an effective off-loading technique between fog – fog and fog – cloud devices to diminish total computation time of the task and the energy consumed by the nodes in the fog. The proposed method further follows an efficient mapping technique to transform the data’s sensed into a RDF-format such that it is compatible for processing. The proposed model is evaluated on the basis of delay in the service provision, the energy consumed , and the total cost of the system and further the results obtained are compared with the relevant cloud based computing models , to reveal the proficiency of the proposed.
Accounting mechanism for information signals about the imposition of sanctions in valuation of a company

Investors have to review regularly their forecasts and stock value estimates taking into consideration the imposition of sanctions against Russian companies. Due to the presence of behavioral effects, as well as to the incorrect accounting of incoming information, the risk of obtaining inaccurate stock value estimates increases. In this regard, a mechanism should be developed for adequate update of stock value estimates upon receipt of new information signals about the imposition of sanctions. The study is based on such methods as analysis, synthesis, the longitudinal method, as well as the method of discounted cash flows. The study is based on the dynamics of financial indicators of stock returns of the 40 most marketable Russian companies. A mechanism is proposed for accounting the informational signals about sanctions, which makes it possible to avoid behavioral effects and update adequately the intrinsic stock value estimates upon receipt of new information on the imposition of sanctions. This mechanism makes it possible to consider both changes in expectations regarding cash flows and changes in the cost of capital for companies. At the same time, the research in this field should be continued in order to develop a methodology for equity capital valuation adjustment that will be instrumental in consideration of variance in bias and emergence of the so-called “thick tails” in the distribution of stock returns under receipt of information signals on the imposition of sanctions.
Enabling Privacy Preservation and Decentralization for Attribute-Based Task Assignment in Crowdsourcing

Crowdsourcing allows people who are endowed with certain skills to accomplish special tasks with incentive. Despite the state-of-art crowdsourcing schemes have guaranteed low overhead and considerable quality, most of them expose task content and user’s attribute information to a centralized server. These servers are vulnerable to single points of failure, the leakage of user’s privacy information, and lacking of transparency. We therefore explored an alternative design for task assignment based on the emerging decentralized blockchain technology. While enabling the advantages of the public blockchain, changing to open operations requires some additional technology and design to preserve the privacy of user’s information. To mitigate this issue, we proposed a secure task assignment scheme, which enables task content preservation and anonymous attribute requirement checking. Specifically, by adopting the cryptographic techniques, the proposed scheme enables task requester to safely place his task in a transparent blockchain. Furthermore, the proposed scheme divides the attribute verification process into public pre-verification and requester verification, so that the requester can check only the identity of the worker, instead of verifying the attributes one by one, thereby preserving the identity of worker while significantly reducing the requester’s calculation burden. Additionally, security analysis demonstrated unrelated entities cannot learn about the task content and identity information from all data uploaded by requester and worker. Performance evaluation showed the low computational overhead of our scheme.
Some Comments on the Measurement of Niche Metrics

The problem of weighting resource states to make them equally distinct from each other, and thereby improving measures of niche width and overlap, is discussed on the basis of the Colwell-Futuyma (1971) weighting factors. A drawback of their approach appears to be that the distinctness of resource states is not separated from their production in the physical environment. Therefore, a new factor D/P is suggested instead of D, where D stands for the (Colwell-Futuyma) distinctness and P for the production of a resource state. The P value may be approximated by the total number of individuals associated with the resource state, assuming that resources are utilized proportionally to their availability. Information gathered in a study of the community of dung-inhabiting beetles is used in an evalu- ation of the "summation" and "product" approaches to the estimation of multidimensional niche metrics from unidimensional data. Niche width was measured with the Shannon-Wiener measure, niche overlap with the index of percentage similarity. The multidimensional niche width was well approximated by the summation measure, but the product measure yielded a much better estimate of the multidimensional niche overlap.