Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GIS-based forest fire susceptibility mapping in Iran: a comparison between evidential belief function and binary logistic regression models

The aim of this research was to produce forest fire susceptibility maps (FFSM) based on evidential belief function (EBF) and binary logistic regression (BLR) models in the Minudasht Forests, Golestan Province, Iran. At first, 151 forest fire locations were identified from Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectero Radiometer data, extensive field surveys, and some reports (collected in year 2010). Out of these locations, 106 (70%) were randomly selected as training data and the remaining 45 (30%) cases were used for the validation goals. In the next step, 15 effective factors such as slope degree, slope aspect, elevation, plan curvature, Topographic Position Index, Topographic Wetness Index, land use, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, distance to villages, distance to roads, distance to rivers, wind effect, soil texture, annual temperature, and rainfall were extracted from the spatial database. Subsequently, FFSM were prepared using EBF and BLR models, and the results were plotted in ArcGIS. Finally, the receiver operating characteristic curves and area under the curves (AUCs) were constructed for verification purposes. The validation of results showed that the AUC for EBF and BLR models are 0.8193 (81.93%) and 0.7430 (74.30%), respectively. In general, the mentioned results can be applied for land use planning, management and prevention of future fire hazards.
Evolution of the spatiotemporal complexity in a phase-conjugate feedback laser system

A semiconductor laser having an emission wavelength of 852 nm is subjected to phase-conjugated feedback. The phase conjugation is implemented using a Rh-doped BaTiO3 photorefractive crystal of the dimension 5mm × 5mm × 5mm. A combination of several phenomena including light fanning, total internal reflection and four-wave mixing occur in tandem inside the crystal to generate the phase conjugate of the light entering the crystal. Our recent works have established that such configuration exhibits significantly enhanced chaos bandwidth with high spatiotemporal complexity at varied feedback strengths, compared to its conventional optical feedback counterpart in a long external cavity setup. The presented work studies the systematic progression of spatiotemporal complexity in a long-length (≈1.5 m) external cavity setup as a function of the feedback strength. System outputs at varied operating conditions are found to be highly complex with PE upwards of 0.9 and chaos BW in the order of several GHz. Such complex outputs have relevance for applications such as security-based communication and random-bit generation. These system outputs are shown to be dynamically diverse ranging from wide-band chaos to time-periodic oscillations of the output signal corresponding to a higher multiple of the external cavity frequency. The analyses performed in the temporal and frequency domain use several diagnostic tools including permutation entropy, continuous wavelet transform, and statistically calculated chaos bandwidth to unveil and dissect the evolution of the system's characteristic temporal signatures. Thus, we comprehensively determine the true chaotic nature of the system outputs in the spatiotemporal domain.
ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTS OF SARANG SEMUT (MYRMECODIA PENDANS) FRACTIONS USING THREE DIFFERENT SOLVENTS TOWARD ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS CPS2

Objective: This study investigated the effect of antibacterial activity from sarang semut fractions with three different solvents, i.e. nonpolar (n-hexane),semipolar (ethyl acetate), and polar (water), to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) on Enterococcus faecalis cps2.Methods: The fractions were extracted with a maceration method and a methanol solvent. The fractionation was performed with three groupsof solvent to obtain the n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water fractions. The active compound from the best fraction group was identified using aphytochemical test, gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry, and thin-layer chromatography. Each fraction group was divided into five differentconcentrations, i.e. 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% and was assessed against E. faecalis cps2 with an agar diffusion method. Chlorhexidine 2% wasused as a positive control. The width of the inhibition zone was calculated.Results: The ethyl acetate group had the biggest inhibition zone of 21 mm in diameter compared to n-hexane and water, which was 15 mm and19 mm in diameter, respectively. The MIC value of the fraction with a 20% concentration of ethyl acetate was significantly different (P < 0.05) from then-hexane and water solvents in inhibiting the growth of E. faecalis cps2.Conclusion: The ethyl acetate fraction of sarang semut had a greater inhibitory effect on E. faecalis cps2. In addition, the antibacterial activity of thefraction increased with an increase in concentration.
The influence of infection on society

The main theme of this chapter is the enduring and extensive influence that combating infection has had on human life and society. This is a topic much neglected in accounts of human history. Moreover, the influence of infection is not restricted to humans but can be seen throughout the living world from bacteria and fungi to plants and animals. The bacteriophages that infect bacteria have been invaluable tools to study molecular biology though their promise as antibacterial agents in medicine has not so far been fulfilled. The devastating effect of infection on the tree population in this country has been demonstrated by Dutch elm disease, and more recently by ash dieback, which have had a large effect on the overall tree population. In animals, there is a very interesting review by Hamilton et al. (1990) who analysed why it was that primitive animals always adopt sexual reproduction as opposed to vegetative reproduction as used in many plants. They came to the conclusion that the advantage of sexual reproduction is that it provides a mechanism to reassort the genes that are concerned with resistance to infection at each generation. In other words, the reason we have sex is to combat infection. Here, however, I will restrict myself to discussing infectious disease and its effects on human societies. It is likely that humans became significantly more susceptible to infectious disease as a result of the agricultural revolution about 10,000 years ago. This is less than 10 per cent of the period in which modern humans, Homo sapiens, have existed. For the first 90 per cent of human existence the communities were small, they tended to move about and not occupy the same site for long, and they had no domestic animals. Although evidence on the incidence of infection before the agricultural revolution is sparse, it is highly plausible that it was less. The coming of larger communities living at fixed sites led to their contaminating their water supplies with their own faeces and promoted orofaecal spread of infection. The fact that they lived in larger communities will itself have helped to spread infections by the respiratory route but perhaps the most important feature was the
A Pragmalinguistic - Assessment of Three Translations of the Meaning of the Qur'anic Reprehensible Moral Traits into English

The current study reports the results of a research that aimed markedly at probing the loss in rendering the meaning of the Qur'anic reprehensible moral traits into English, and how these a pragmalinguistic losses can be decreased minimally The study also aimed at identifying the causes of the intended pragmalinguistic losses. Three ayahs were purposefully selected to address the questions of the study . The results revealed that the pragmalinguistic loss in rendering the meaning of Qur'anic reprehensible moral traits into English occurred attribute to spectra of factors such as lack of equivalence and the translation strategies adopted by the three translators who respectively are'' Abdullah Yusuf Ali (The Meanings of the Glorious Quran), Muhammad Mahmoud Ghali. ( Towards Understanding the Ever Glorious Quran) ,Mohammed Asad( The Message of the Quran). Last not the least the study suggests solutions for the identified problems. Keywords: reprehensible moral traits,, translation strategies translation loss, the Holy Quran,. DOI: 10.7176/JLLL/65-02 Publication date: February 29 th 2020
Enhancing the fight against malaria : from genome to structure and activity of a G-protein coupled receptor from the mosquito, Anopheles Gambiae

v Keywords vii Abbrevia'ons viii Contents ix CHAPTER ONE 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Summary 1 1.2 The Mosquito, Anopheles gambiae and Malaria 2 1.3 Adipokinetic Hormones (AKHs) from Anopheles gambiae 3 1.4 The G ‐ protein Coupled receptors (GPCRs) 5 1.4. 1 Secondary Structure and Function 5 1.4. 2 Classi7ication of GPCRs 7 1.4. 2.1 AKH G­protein coupled receptors 8 1.4. 4 Three dimensional structures of GPCRs 13 1.5 Problem Statement and Research Motivation 17 1.6 Aims and Objectives 18 1.7 Questions addressed in the Thesis 19 1.8 Brief Overview of Chapters 20
Highly porous Li4Ti5O12 films as high-rate electrodes for fast lithium ion storage

ABSTRACT Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) is one of the most promising high-power anodes for lithium ion batteries, but its large-current performance is still undermined due to relatively poor ion/electron transfer. In this work, we report a powerful hydrothermal method for fabrication of highly porous binder-free Li4Ti5O12 films, which show hierarchical structure composed of interconnected primary nanoparticles of 50-100 nm and secondary nanowalls. The lithium ion storage performance of designed Li4Ti5O12 films is thoroughly studied and demonstrated with excellent high-rate performance. The as-prepared Li4Ti5O12 films exhibit a high specific capacity of 146 mAh g-1 at the current density of 2 C. In view of good structural stability, a notable cycling stability is verified with a specific capacity of 130 mAh g-1 after 5000 cycles at 2 C. Our method provides a novel route for synthesis of other advanced anodes for application in the field of ultrafast energy storage. Graphical abstract Highly porous binder-free Li4Ti5O12 films are synthesised via a hydrothermal method and exhibit a noticeable high-rate electrochemical performance as the anode of lithium ion batteries.
Supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid and 5-methyltetrahydro- folate during the second half of pregnancy – effects on placental fatty acid profile, apoptosis and proliferation

Klingler M, Demmelmair H, Campoy C, Desci T, Koletzko B. Low eicosapentaenoic acid concentrations in fish oil supplements do not influence the arachidonic acid contents in placental lipids. WCPGHAN 2004 (accepted). Hartl D, Klingler M, Demmelmair H, Campoy C, Diaz JM, Hector A, Prell C, Reinhardt D, Schendel DJ, Krauss-Etschmann S, Koletzko B. Association of T cell cytokine and chemokine receptor mRNA expressions in cord and maternal blood with placental n-3 LC-PUFA content. WCPGHAN 2004 (accepted). Klingler M, Demmelmair H, Campoy C, Desci T, Koletzko B. (2004) Einfluss der Fischöleinnahme bei Schwangeren auf Arachidonsäuregehalte der Plazenta. Akt Ernähr Med 29. Klingler M, Demmelmair H, Larque E, Koletzko B. (2004) Bestimmung des Fettsäuremusters in verschiedenen Lipidfraktionen der humanen Plazenta. Akt Ernähr Med 29. Hartl, D. ; Klingler, M. ; Demmelmair, H. ; Campoy, C. ; Diaz, J. M. ; Hector, A. ; Prell, C. ; Reinhardt, D. ; Krauss-Etschmann, S. ; Koletzko, B. (2004) n-3 LC-PUFAs in der Plazenta und Expression TH1-/TH2-assoziierter Marker in mütterlichem Blut und Nabelschnurblut. Akt Ernähr Med 29.
Estrogen receptor expression in normal breast epithelium in invasive ductal carcinoma

Objectives: Invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs) are the most important group of malignant breast tumors and constitute 75-80% of breast carcinomas. While IDCs often present with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), they sometimes include a low level of DCIS or they do not include any accompanying DCIS at all. We planned this study to compare estrogen receptor (ER) expression levels in normal mammary epithelium in IDCs with extensive DCIS (Group I) and IDCs without DCIS (Group II). Methods: Eighty IDC cases selected from among samples that were analyzed in our pathology laboratory. The cases were assessed retrospectively in light of immunohistochemical analysis results and pathology reports. Evaluation of immunohistochemistry: ER positivity in IDC was defined with a nuclear staining of more than 10% of cancer cells regardless of intensity of staining. Presence of cells showing nuclear staining for normal breast epithelium was classified in 4 groups according to their quantity and intensity. These were: 0-None: No staining was observed, 1-Single: One or two positive cells, 2-Dispersed: Dispersed positive cells surrounded by negative cells, 3-Adjoined: 10 or more positive cells contacting each other. Results: Statistically no significant difference was found between Group I and Group II in terms of ER expression. Group I were more prevalent in younger and in the premenopausal period than Group II. Conclusions: According to our study, there was no difference between Group I and Group II in terms of ER expression. But the significantly presence Group I in more young people and in premenopausal women suggests that these carcinomas develop due to high estrogen levels and that Group II develop independently than estrogen. This suggests that these groups may have different carcinogenesis and etiologies. We therefore think that this first study on IDCs with extensive DCIS and IDCs without DCIS should be supported by new research studies.
Pre-breeding of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea [L.] Verdc.)

A baseline survey, using Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) was carried out among seven Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Kano State of Northern Nigeria to determine production status, farming practices, production constraints and perceived farmers’ variety preferences of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea [L.] Verdc.). Structured interviews through questionnaires were conducted using 150 Bambara groundnut farmers of 36 to 50 years of age. All respondents were male, married, and were growing Bambara groundnut. Qur’anic education is the most popular, representing 44% of the respondents whose Bambara groundnut farming practices were either sole and mixed cropping, and which dated back >20 years, using 0.38 to 1.68 hectares of land for Bambara groundnut production. All the farmers grow landraces, but the choice of landrace differed among farmers, with a greater preference for oval, large and pure seeds at 54.0%, 59.3% and 80.0%, respectively. Choices of cream seed coat colour and plants that mature early were also important. A total of 27 different Bambara groundnut landraces bearing different names were identified in the hands of the farmers. Production was largely for home consumption and local sale at local markets. Common production constraints to producing the crop include lack of improved varieties, frequent drought, low yields and poor market access. Incorporation of the framers’ preferred characteristics into improved varieties would be a requirement for breeding goal of this crop to boost production and productivity of Bambara groundnut both for small and commercial production. This would also improve the livelihood, food security and income status of the growers as well as utilization, marketing and industrialization of the crop.
Hubungan Antara Orientasi Nilai (Value Orientation) dengan Paradigma Lingkungan Baru (New Environmental Paradigm) Siswa

New Environmental Paradigm merupakan hasil interaksi dari berbagai faktor seperti personality, environmental concern dan salah satunya adalah value orientation. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara value orientation dengan new environmental paradigm pada siswa SMA di Jakarta. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMAN 22 Jakarta pada Semester I Tahun Ajaran 2019/2020. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei dengan studi korelasional. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan instrumen value orientation dan new environmental paradigm. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji regresi linear sederhana untuk mengukur besarnya hubungan digunakan Pearson Product Moment. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara value orientation dengan new environmental paradigm. Bahwa individu yang peduli akan kesejahteraan untuk dirinya sendiri, orang lain dan lingkungan akan memiliki sifat positif untuk memandang lingkungan baru. Oleh karena itu value orientation memiliki peranan dalam paradigma lingkungan baru siswa.
Asymmetric Exchange Rate Effects on Cross-Border Freight Flows between the United States and Canada

This paper investigates possible asymmetric influences of the exchange rate on cross-border freight flows between the U.S.A. and Canada. Linear and nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag models are used to test for the existence of long-run asymmetric effects of 1) currency appreciation and depreciation and 2) exchange rate volatility changes on trade flows by truck, rail, air, vessel, and pipeline. This paper provides evidence that both currency value and exchange rate volatility affect the U.S.–Canada freight flows in an asymmetric manner. The long-run results of the nonlinear models show that exchange rate is found to be significantly associated with the bilateral trade flows between the U.S.A. and Canada. Exchange rate volatility tends to be significantly associated with trade flows in the nonlinear models, while its effects are insignificant in most cases in the linear models. These findings suggest that the conventional linear specification may mislead the asymmetric effects of exchange rate uncertainty on cross-border freight flows. It is also found that exchange rate sensitivities of U.S.–Canada trade flows by transport mode can differ significantly from those of aggregate trade flows. The information derived from disaggregate trade data can be useful for traders and shippers to develop a long-term strategic plan for infrastructure investment and service expansion.
Idarucizumab for the treatment of dabigatran-related nephropathy

Abstract Anticoagulant-related nephropathy (ARN) is a clinical syndrome of acute kidney injury in patients taking vitamin K antagonists or direct oral anticoagulants. It is associated with increased mortality and there is no specific treatment. We report the case of a 78-year-old man on dabigatran who developed macroscopic haematuria and acute kidney injury 2 weeks after mitral valve repair, reaching a peak creatinine of 415 µmol/L from a normal baseline, which was successfully treated with one course of idarucizumab. This case illustrates the efficacy of an anticoagulant reversal agent for the treatment of ARN.
Influencing chondrogenesis in bone marrow stromal cells

Cartilage damaging injuries or degenerative diseases like osteoarthritis are restrictive and painful for normal mobility. Damaged articular cartilage has limited regeneration capacity mainly due to lack of chondroprogenitor cells. Chondrocytes are the only cell type of cartilage and pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the only known adult chondrocyte progenitor cells. MSCs have shown promise for tissue engineered therapeutic approach for focal defects in articular cartilage. However, production of functional cartilage with articular characteristics is still a challenge. Therefore, it is important to identify the molecular events and regulatory mechanisms characterizing chondrogenesis in MSCs. This thesis has addressed external regulation of chondrogenesis in MSCs. Paracrine signaling factors from the surrounding cells are known to modulate differentiation and proliferation in surrounding cells, thus, the impact of native and acquired microenvironment on differentiation of MSCs was investigated in vitro. Two interesting observations concerning chondrogenesis were reported. Firstly the major population of bone marrow the haematopoietic cells support chondrogenesis in MSCs in vitro. Gene expression of all the chondrogenesis related genes was found to be many folds increased when the MSCs were cocultured with 20-30% CD45-positive haematopoietic cells. Secondly we found out that articular cartilage when cultured in the vicinity of MSCs also exerts affect on chondrogenesis in MSCs. Both of the findings indicate that signaling molecules originating from differentiated cells influence chondrogenesis. We also identified some of the soluble signaling molecules including MMP-13 TIMP-1, TIMP-2, Tgfs-3 and VEGFα. Interestingly Sox9, the main transcriptional factor of chondrogenesis, was found to be stimulated by factors released from cartilage. The most curious observation was suppression of collagen X secretion from MSCs under the influence of cartilage. The identified soluble molecules like MMP-13, VEGFA and TIMP-2 may have a role to play in suppression of collagen X while Tgfs-3 can be cause of induction of Sox9. The presented paracrine coculture system between cartilage and MSCs and the coculture of different bone marrow populations could be used for gene and protein regulation studies in future. Identification of signalling molecules responsible for cell fate determination and molecular control are empirical for cartilage regenerative medicine.
An endangered horse breed can be conserved by using optimum contribution selection and preselection of stallions

The Jutland Horse is an original Danish horse breed and is regarded as Denmark’s national draft horse. It was previously used as a draught horse in the farming industry. The studbook dates back to 1881. After the World War II, the number of horses strongly decreased. Today the breed has around 100 breeding mares and 65 foals are born every year (Szekeres et al., 2016). Thus, as in other endangered breeds, the breed struggles to increase or at least maintain the number of breeding animals. A loss of such a local breed will mean a loss of cultural value (Meuwissen, 2009: Woolliams et al., 2005). In the 80s, the breed struggled with inbreeding related problems due to heavy use of few stallions. Since then, the breed organization of the Jutland Horse succeeded in increasing the number of horses. Because many young stallions (colts) are slaughtered before they reach maturity, the number of approved stallions each year is still low, facing the risk of a high rate of inbreeding. To maximize the effective population size, the optimal strategy is to have equal numbers of breeding females and males (Fernàndez et al., 2011). Thus, to maintain the Jutland Horse breed in the long term it is of high importance to increase the number of breeding sires. In order to increase the number of breeding sires, the breeding association for the Jutland Horse initiated in 2016 a project aiming at securing a larger number of stallions to be available for breeding, and furthermore increase the use of stallions having the lowest relationship to the breed in respectable of their conformation score. The aim of this study was to provide knowledge to serve as a basis for a conservation plan for the Jutland Horse in which sires were selected in two stages.
Conservation of Fish and Shellfish Resources: Managing Diversity

P. Day and M. Strauss, Part I: Summary: J.E. Thorpe, G.A.E. Gall, J.E. Lannan, C.E. Nash, and B. Ballachey, The Need to Manage Fish and Shellfish Genetic Resources. Human Interventions and Genetic Risks. The Conservation of Genetic Resources through Risk Management. Status of Aquatic Genetic Resource Management. References. Appendix. Part II: Management Studies: J.E. Thorpe and L. Stradmeyer, The Atlantic Salmon. D. Hedgecock, The Cupped Oyster. G.W. Wohlfarth, The Common Carp and Chinese Carps. A.E. Eknath, The Nile Tilapia. References. Subject Index.