Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A case study evaluating the ergonomic and productivity impacts of partial automation strategies in the electronics industry

A case study is presented that evaluates the impact of partial automation strategies on productivity and ergonomics. A company partly automated its assembly and transportation functions while moving from a parallel-batch to a serial line-based production system. Data obtained from company records and key informants were combined with detailed video analysis, biomechanical modelling data and field observations of the system. The new line system was observed to have 51% higher production volumes with 21% less per product labour input and lower work-in-process levels than the old batch-cart system. Partial automation of assembly operations was seen to reduce the total repetitive assembly work at the system level by 34%. Automation of transportation reduced transport labour by 63%. The strategic decision to implement line-transportation was found to increase movement repetitiveness for operators at manual assembly stations, even though workstations were constructed with consideration to ergonomics. Average shoulder elevation at these stations increased 30% and average shoulder moment increased 14%. It is concluded that strategic decisions made by designers and managers early in the production system design phase have considerable impact on ergonomic conditions in the resulting system. Automation of transport and assembly both lead to increased productivity, but only elements related to the automatic line system also increased mechanical loads on operators and hence increased the risk for work-related disorders. Suggestions for integrating the consideration of ergonomics into production system design are made.
Chapter 9 Personality , Emotions , and Group Dynamics

The methods and techniques introduced in the previous chapters provide a basic means to aggregate the preferences of individual group members and to determine recommendations suitable for the whole group. However, preference aggregation can go beyond the integration of the preferences of individual group members. In this chapter, we show how to take into account the aspects of personality , emotions , and group dynamics when determining item predictions for groups. We summarize research related to the integration of these aspects into recommender systems, and provide some selected examples.
Screening of phytochemical and antimicrobial activity from the leaves of Pleiospermium alatum ( Wall . & Arn . )

The antimicrobial activity of Pleiospermium alatum leaves were extracted successively with different s olvents viz., Petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and meth anol. Screened for their antimicrobial activity aga inst Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Ente rococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgar is, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae. Candida al bic ns, Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis by using disc diffusion method, the extent of the inhi bitory zones, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC ) Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and Minimum Fungic idal Concentration (MFC) were also determined. The methanol extract of P. alatum showed the highest an timicrobial activity against all the bacterial and fungal strains tested than the other extracts. The mean zones of i nhibition produced by the extracts in agar diffusio n assays against the tested bacterial strains ranged from 7.0 to 19. 8 mm. The MIC values were between 125 and 250 μg/ml, MBC values250 and 1000 μg/ml and MFC 250 and 1000 μg/ml values were recorded. Phytochemical analyses o f different extracts of leaves P. alatum was analysed. The meth anol extract of P. alatum leaves are showed the pre sence of strong phytochemicals viz., steroids, flavonoids, t annins, phenolic compounds and terpenoids than the ot r extracts. The highest mean of zone inhibition (19.8 mm) was observed in the methanol the extract of P. alatum against Staphylococcus aureus. These finding sugges t that the methanol extract of Pleiospermium alatum can be used as a antimicrobial substance for the treatment of microbial infections.
THERMOSTABLE RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASES FROM THERMOPHILIC BACTERIA

Restriction endonucleases are not only important for bacteria and archaea as their defense mechanism but they are c onsidered as foundation of recombinant DNA technology. The whole empire of biotechnology depends upon type II restriction endonucleases isolated from the diversifie d array of bacteria. T here are 4,0 96 known restriction enzymes, including 106 Type I, 3, 9 50 Ty pe II, 21 Type III and 19 Type IV restriction enzymes. Among which 64 6 type II enzymes have been cloned and 611 have been sequenced. A number of restriction endonucleases have been isolated from thermophilic bacteria also, having higher thermal stabilit y and tolerance to most of the chemical denaturants. In Restriction E nzyme Database , about 600 type II restriction enzymes have been listed showing growth temperature above 40 0 C. Nowadays these enzymes have found their importance in isolating mutant strain s and for production of antisense
Rock-physics model of volcanic rocks, an example from Junggar Basin of China

With the difficulty of oil and gas exploration increasing in conventional reservoirs, volcanic rocks have been attached more and more importance. Rock-physics model gives us insights into the macroscopic responses of micro-factors. The modelling of volcanic rocks relies on three major steps. First, a multi-mineral volumetric interpretation model is proposed including quartz, feldspar, ferromagnesian, shale and pores. The log response equations for density, interval transit time, gamma ray and compensated neutron porosity are developed, which are solved by the Complex method to calculate the mineral contents. Second, according to the characteristics of pores, gas cavity (spherical pores with aspect ratio˜ 1), dissolved pore (aspect ratio ˜ 0.1) and crack (aspect ratio ˜ 0.01) are taken into account simultaneously to calculate the modulus of framework of the rock. Finally, in view of the partial saturation of fluid in the porous media, patchy saturation model is introduced to calculate the elastic modulus of saturated rock. Based on the rock physics model, the shear wave velocity can be estimated effectively with the relative error less than 10% basically.
Formation control of road vehicles based on dynamic inversion and passivity

This paper proposes a hierarchical formation stabilization method for vehicles having nonlinear dynamics. Supposing that the formation control problem is already solved for the case of linear vehicle dynamics, the method proposes a dynamic inversion based low-level control, which linearizes, at least approximately, the original vehicle dynamics so that the formation control can be applied. In this way a hierarchical control system is obtained, which is then completed with a passivity based external stabilization procedure for the stability of the entire system can be guaranteed. The proposed algorithm is tested by simulation on a formation control problem of road vehicles.
Chapter 2 Events and Times

Time is a critical part of language. Without the ability to express it, we cannot plan, tell stories or discuss change. Almost all empirical assertions are transient and have temporal bounds; because of this the capability to describe the future, the past and the present is critical to accurate information transfer through language. If we are to have a computer reason about times and events, we need to know about time in language. Time in language can be broken down into three primitives: times, events and temporal relations [1]. Viewing the temporal structure of a discourse as a graph, the times and events are the nodes and the relations the arcs. In this chapter, we introduce the nodes – events and times. Some theories and models of language include or focus on temporality. While some linguistic theories related to time require a human-level understanding of text, others use very finite terms which operate using features of language that we can already automatically identify with a high degree of confidence. Based on these linguistic theories, we can describe certain structures in text as well as their behaviour. We may leverage this to better understand and process temporal information in discourse. Finally, given this understanding, it is possible to build systems for some automatic temporal processing. There are approaches to detecting times and events, to determining event durations [2, 3] and to typing the relation between two events [4–6].
The Precipitation Characteristics of ISCCP Tropical Weather States

The authors examine the daytime precipitation characteristics of the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) weather states in the extended tropics (358S‐358N) for a 10-yr period. The main precipitation dataset used is the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis operational product 3B42 dataset, but Global Precipitation Climatology Project daily data are also used for comparison. It is found that the most convectively active ISCCP weather state (WS1), despite an occurrence frequency below 10%, is the most dominant state with regard to surface precipitation, producing both the largest mean precipitation rates when present and the largest percent contribution to the total precipitation of the tropics; yet, even this weather state appears to not precipitate about half the time, although this may be to some extent an artifact of detection and spatiotemporal matching limitations of the precipitation dataset. WS1 exhibits a modest annual cycle of the domain-average precipitation rate, but notable seasonal shifts in its geographic distribution. The precipitation rates of the other weather states appear to be stronger when occurring before or after WS1. The precipitation rates of the various weather states are different between ocean and land, with WS1 producing higher daytime rates on average over ocean than land, likely because of the larger size and more persistent nature of oceanic WS1s. The results of this study, in addition to advancing the understanding of tropical hydrology, can serve as higher-order diagnostics for evaluating the realism of tropical precipitation distributions in large-scale models.
Forecast model applications of retrieved three dimensional liquid water fields

Forecasts are made for tropical storm Emily using heating rates derived from the SSM/I physical retrievals described in chapters 2 and 3. Average values of the latent heating rates from the convective and stratiform cloud simulations, used in the physical retrieval, are obtained for individual 1.1 km thick vertical layers. Then, the layer-mean latent heating rates are regressed against the slant path-integrated liquid and ice precipitation water contents to determine the best fit two parameter regression coefficients for each layer. The regression formulae and retrieved precipitation water contents are utilized to infer the vertical distribution of heating rates for forecast model applications. In the forecast model, diabatic temperature contributions are calculated and used in a diabatic initialization, or in a diabatic initialization combined with a diabatic forcing procedure. Our forecasts show that the time needed to spin-up precipitation processes in tropical storm Emily is greatly accelerated through the application of the data.
Multi-Modal Obstacle Detection and Evaluation of Occupancy Grid Mapping in Agriculture

In recent years, mapping and automation has been increasingly investigated and applied in precision agriculture. The ultimate goal of this development is to apply autonomous vehicles operating efficiently without any human intervention. Such autonomous operation imposes severe safety hazards, demanding accurate and robust risk detection, and avoidance systems. It is unlikely that one sensor can single­handedly guarantee this, and therefore multiple sensing modalities are often combined in order to increase detection performance and introduce redundancy. In this paper, we present a global mapping approach utilizing diverse sensor technologies to achieve a uniform obstacle interpretation of the environment. Using occupancy grid maps, we fuse information from a monocular color camera, a RADAR, and a LIDAR in combination with IMU­assisted GPS­positioning. For each sensor, we present detection algorithms, mapping from raw sensor data to a 2D grid­based obstacle interpretation of the environment. These are then fused temporally with the occupancy grid algorithm, and afterwards spatially in a competitive and complementary way to produce a combined global obstacle map. The method is evaluated on an extensive dataset recorded at Research Centre Foulum, Denmark, in June 2015. The dataset comprises sensor data from a tractor­mounted recording system in a grass mowing scenario with various obstacles. A ground truth map has been obtained with a mapping drone. Results show promising obstacle detection capabilities and an increase in performance when fusing information across sensor modalities and layers. The proposed mapping framework is able to fuse a vast amount of information across a diverse sensor set, using an efficient and novel approach for obstacle detection in agriculture.
A New Low Power Single Bit Full Adder Design with 14 Transistors using Novel 3 Transistors XOR Gate

In present work a new XOR gate using three transistors has been proposed. Design shows adequate output logic levels with noise margin of 2V with 3.3V input signals. XNOR logic, obtained with addition of inverter shows improved noise margin of 3.2V. A new design for single bit full adder has been implemented using proposed XOR/XNOR gates and transmission gate multiplexer. Full adder designed with 14 transistors shows power dissipation of 655. 6149μW and maximum output delay 0.11055ns. Proposed adder circuit shows adequate noise margin of 3.2 V for Sum (Sum output) and 2.2V for Cout (Carry output) with supply voltage of 3.3V. Circuit works well with reduced supply voltage and simulations have been carried out up to 1.8V supply voltage. Simulations are performed by using SPICE based on TSMC 0. 35μm CMOS technology. Power consumption of proposed full adders has been compared with earlier reported circuits and proposed circuit’s shows better performance in terms of power consumptions and transistor count.
Western Boundary Currents and Frontal Air–Sea Interaction: Gulf Stream and Kuroshio Extension

Abstract In the Northern Hemisphere midlatitude western boundary current (WBC) systems there is a complex interaction between dynamics and thermodynamics and between atmosphere and ocean. Their potential contribution to the climate system motivated major parallel field programs in both the North Pacific [Kuroshio Extension System Study (KESS)] and the North Atlantic [Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) Mode Water Dynamics Experiment (CLIMODE)], and preliminary observations and analyses from these programs highlight that complexity. The Gulf Stream (GS) in the North Atlantic and the Kuroshio Extension (KE) in the North Pacific have broad similarities, as subtropical gyre WBCs, but they also have significant differences, which affect the regional air–sea exchange processes and their larger-scale interactions. The 15-yr satellite altimeter data record, which provides a rich source of information, is combined here with the longer historical record from in situ data to describe and compare the curr.
CIS 520 : Machine Learning Nov 27 , 2017 Structured Prediction

In many supervised learning settings in practice, the labels are not simply binary or one of a small number of classes, but rather, are more complex structured objects. For example, in part-of-speech tagging, the instances are sentences and the labels are sequences of part-of-speech tags. In natural language parsing, the instances are sentences and the labels are parse trees. In image segmentation, the instances are images and the labels are segment labelings of all the pixels. In each of these settings, there is a combinatorially large number of possible labels, and standard multiclass classification methods become infeasible. In this lecture we give a brief glimpse of structured prediction methods, which extend multiclass classification learning methods to structured settings.
Design of a Novel Wearable Power-assist Exoskeleton Device

In recent years, rehabilitation devices have been developed for those people with weak limbs to perform neural impairment training after stroke or assist activities of daily living. However, most of those rehabilitation systems are extremely bulky and expensive. This paper presents a novel portable power-assist exoskeleton device which can be worn by the users. Due to the light-weight and compact structure, the wearable design allows the user to carry the proposed device on the user’s shoulder. Besides, 5 passive degrees of freedom (DOFs) guaranteed the wearer’s range of movements and ensured a desired kinematic compatibility with different users. In addition, there is an active DOF in the elbow joint to support the subject’s elbow movements, which could assist stroke patients to recover their motor function. The proposed exoskeleton device could assist wearers to perform elbow flexion and extension movement training via cable-driven. The characteristic of the proposed power-assist exoskeleton was evaluated on a male subject. The results showed the designed exoskeleton device could complete power-assist task successfully.
An empirical method for calculating melt compositions produced beneath mid-ocean ridges : application for axis and off-axis (seamounts) melting.

We present a new method for calculating the major element compositions of primary melts parental to mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB). This model is based on the experimental data of Jaques and Green (1980), Falloon et al. (1988), and Falloon and Green (1987, 1988) which are ideal for this purpose. Our method is empirical and employs solid-liquid partition coefficients (Di) from the experiments. We empirically determine Di = ƒ(P,F) and use this to calculate melt compositions produced by decompression-induced melting along an adiabat (column melting). Results indicate that most MORBs can be generated by 10–20% partial melting at initial pressures (P0) of 12–21 kbar. Our primary MORB melts have MgO = 10–12 wt %. We fractionate these at low pressure to an MgO content of 8.0 wt % in order to interpret natural MORB liquids. This model allows us to calculate Po, Pƒ, To, Tƒ, and F for natural MORB melts. We apply the model to interpret MORB compositions and mantle upwelling patterns beneath a fast ridge (East Pacific Rise (EPR)8°N to 14°N), a slow ridge (mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) at 26°S), and seamounts near the EPR (Lament seamount chain). We find mantle temperature differences of up to 50°–60°C over distances of 30–50 km both across axis and along axis at the EPR. We propose that these are due to upward mantle flow in a weakly conductive (versus adiabatic) temperature gradient. We suggest that the EPR is fed by a wide (−100 km) zone of upwelling due to plate separation but has a central core of faster buoyant flow. An along-axis thermal dome between the Siqueiros transform and the 11°45′ Overlapping Spreading center (OSC) may represent such an upwelling; however, in general there is a poor correlation between mantle temperature, topography, and the segmentation pattern at the EPR. For the Lament seamounts we find regular across-axis changes in Po and F suggesting that the melt zone pinches out off axis. This observation supports the idea that the EPR is fed by a broad upwelling which diminishes in vigor off axis. In contrast with the EPR axis, mantle temperature correlates well with topography at the MAR, and there is less melting under offsets. The data are consistent with weaker upwelling under offsets and an adiabatic temperature gradient in the sub axial mantle away from offsets. The MAR at 26°S exhibits the so-called local trend of Klein and Langmuir (1989). Our model indicates that the local trend cannot be due solely to intracolumn melting processes. The local trend seems to be genetically associated with slow-spreading ridges, and we suggest it is due to melting of multiple individual domains that differ in initial and final melting pressure within segments fed by buoyant focused mantle flow.
Constructing higher-order hydrodynamics: The third order

Hydrodynamics can be formulated as the gradient expansion of conserved currents in terms of the fundamental fields describing the near-equilibrium fluid flow. In the relativistic case, the Navier-Stokes equations follow from the conservation of the stress-energy tensor to first order in derivatives. In this paper, we go beyond the presently understood second-order hydrodynamics and discuss the systematisation of obtaining the hydrodynamic expansion to an arbitrarily high order. As an example of the algorithm that we present, we fully classify the gradient expansion at third order for neutral fluids in four dimensions, thus finding the most general next-to-leading-order corrections to the relativistic Navier-Stokes equations in curved space-time. In doing so, we list $20$ new transport coefficient candidates in the conformal and $68$ in the non-conformal case. As we do not consider any constraints that could potentially arise from the local entropy current analysis, this is the maximal possible set of neutral third-order transport coefficients. To investigate the physical implications of these new transport coefficients, we obtain the third-order corrections to the linear dispersion relations that describe the propagation of diffusion and sound waves in relativistic fluids. We also compute the corrections to the scalar (spin-$2$) two-point correlation function of the third-order stress-energy tensor. Furthermore, as an example of a non-linear hydrodynamic flow, we calculate the third-order corrections to the energy density of a boost-invariant Bjorken flow. Finally, we apply our field theoretic results to the $\mathcal{N}=4$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills fluid at infinite 't Hooft coupling and infinite number of colours to find the values of five new linear combinations of the conformal transport coefficients.
Measurement of Electron Density from Stark-Broadened Nanomaterial Plasma

This work communicates results from optical emission spectroscopy following laser-induced optical breakdown at or near nanomaterial. Selected atomic lines of silver are evaluated for consistent determination of electron density. Comparisons are presented with Balmer series hydrogen results. Of particular interest are measurements free of self-absorption effects. For several silver lines, asymmetries are observed in the recorded line profiles. Electron densities of interest range from 0.5 to 3 × 1017 cm-3, for 5 nanosecond Q-switched Nd:YAG radiation at wavelengths of 1064, 532, and 355 nm, and for selected silver emission lines including 328.0, 338.2, 768.7, and 827.3 nm, and the hydrogen alpha Balmer series line at 656.3 nm. Line asymmetries are presented for the 328.0 nm Ag I line that is measured following generation of the plasma due to multiple photon absorption. This work explores electron density variations for different irradiance levels, and reports spectral line asymmetry of resonance lines for different laser fluence levels.