Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Área foliar de duas trepadeiras infestantes de cana-de-açúcar utilizando dimensões lineares de folhas

The aim of this study was to obtain a mathematical equation to estimate the leaf area of Momordica charantia and Pyrostegia venusta using linear leaf blade measurements. Correlation studies were conducted involving real leaf area (Sf) and leaf length (C), maximum leaf width (L) and C x L. The linear and geometric equations involving parameter C provided good leaf area estimates. From a practical viewpoint, the simple linear equation of the regression model is suggested using the C x L parameter, i.e., considering the linear coefficient equal to zero. Thus, leaf area estimate of Momordica charantia can be obtained by using the equation Sf = 0.4963 x (C x L), and that of Pyrostegia venusta by using equation Sf = 0.6649 x (C x L).
Patch dynamics in arid lands: localized effects of Acacia papyrocarpa on soils and vegetation of open woodlands of south Australia

Although the importance of plant-created heterogeneity in arid lands has long been recognized, little information is available on the dynamics of these patches. We studied the changes in soil and vegetation associated with the presence of a long-lived tree, Acacia papyrocarpa, in arid lands of south Australia. The soil under young individuals was not different from the soil in the surrounding open spaces, confirming the assumption that establishment does not occur preferentially in high fertility patches. The amount of organic matter, total N, total S, total and available P, and soil salinity increased with the age of the tree until maturity, and declined as the canopy of the tree became more fragmented. The content of organic mater and total and available P remained higher than that in the matrix soil for at least fifty years after the death of the tree. There were several species almost completely restricted to the canopy environment. Some, but not all of them, have bird dispersed seeds. One of these species (Enchylaena tomentosa) established and grew better in soil collected under tree canopies in a glasshouse experiment, independently of light environment. After the death of the trees the under-canopy species declined rapidly, and the patches were colonized by invasive annual species, and short lived perennials. Our results suggest that patch dynamics driven by the population dynamics of woody perennial species have paramount importance for the ecosystem, and community dynamics of arid lands.
Impact of increasing temperatures and exposure duration on egg hatch in the hemlock looper, Lambdina fiscellaria

As the growing season is expected to begin earlier under climate change, insects should initiate reproduction several days or weeks earlier than they used to. In eastern Canada, hemlock looper (HL) Lambdina fiscellaria (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) females generally oviposit in September, with eggs entering an obligatory diapause quickly after their deposition. We therefore simulated an early start of the HL reproduction cycle of 2, 4, 6, or 8 weeks to examine the extent to which freshly laid eggs from two populations (island and mainland) can withstand exposure to four temperature conditions (15, 20, 25 °C, or fluctuating temperature in an outdoor insectary), with all treatments ending on 1 September 2007. On this date, half the eggs from each population were immediately incubated at 15 °C, while the rest were stored in an outdoor insectary until their incubation at 15 °C the following spring. In a separate experiment, the effect of temperature on pre‐diapause duration was determined from the number of days required for eggs to change colour after oviposition. The pre‐diapause phase was completed faster as temperature increased. Regardless of incubation date and population, percent hatch decreased significantly after 6‐8 weeks of exposure to 25 °C or in the outdoor insectary. Under most treatments, the odds of dying as pharate larvae increased with exposure duration. When eggs were incubated at 15 °C immediately after treatment, time to hatch and diapause duration remained constant over treatments, except at 25 °C when they both decreased. After 8 weeks of exposure to 15 or 20 °C, eggs transferred outdoors were more likely to hatch precociously than those exposed to 25 °C or insectary conditions. Globally, mortality seemed greater among eggs stored outdoors than among those kept indoors. Most eggs that survived the winter hatched synchronously after incubation in spring. Overall, larger eggs from the island population survived better than smaller eggs from the mainland population.
Bloat in cattle: XXIX. The foaming properties of clover proteins

Leaf proteins from white clover have been separated into the two classes Fraction I and Fraction II, and the composition of each established by gel electrophoresis and analytical ultracentrifugation. Fractions I and II both produced strong foams over the pH range which exists in the rumen when bloat occurs. Foam production at pH 5.8 has been shown to cause surface denaturation of both Fraction I and Fraction TI proteins in extracts from both white and red clover.
Tools for integrating range change, extinction risk and climate change information into conservation management

Ecological niche models (ENMs) are the primary tool used to describe and forecast the potential influence of climate change on biodiversity. However, ENMs do not directly account for important biological and landscape processes likely to affect range dynamics at a variety of spatial scales. Recent advances to link ENMs with population models have focused on the fundamental step of integrating dispersal and metapopulation dynamics into forecasts of species geographic ranges. Here we use a combination of novel analyses and a synthesis of findings from published plant and animal case studies to highlight three seldom recognised, yet important, advantages of linking ENMs with demographic modelling approaches: 1) they provide direct measures of extinction risk in addition to measures of vulnerability based on change in the potential range area or total habitat suitability. 2) They capture life-history traits that permit population density to vary in different ways in response to key spatial drivers, conditioned by the processes of global change. 3) They can be used to explore and rank the cost effectiveness of regional conservation alternatives and demographically oriented management interventions. Given these advantages, we argue that coupled methods should be used preferentially where data permits and when conservation management decisions require intervention, prioritization, or direct estimates of extinction risk.
Wild turkey poult survival in southcentral Iowa

Poult survival is key to understanding annual change in wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) populations. Survival of eastern wild turkey poults (M. g. silvestris) 0-4 weeks posthatch was studied in southcentral Iowa during 1994-97. Survival estimates of poults were calculated based on biweekly flush counts and daily locations acquired via radiotelemetry. Poult survival averaged 0.52 ± 0.14% (x ± SE) for telemetry counts and 0.40 ± 0.15 for flush counts No within-vear or across-vear differences were detected between estimation techniques More than 72% (n - 32) of documented poult mortality occurred ≤14 days posthatch and mainmalian predation accounted for 92.9% of documented mortality. If mortality agents are not of concern e suggest biologists conduct 4-week flush counts to obtain poult survival estimates for use in population models and development of harvest recommendations.
A systematic revision of the large-scaled Marcusenius with description of a new species from Cameroon (Teleostei; Osteoglossomorpha; Mormyridae)

Nine out of 37 recognized species in the genus Marcusenius have eight large circumpeduncular scales rather than 12 or 16, which is more typical of the genus. They are: M. dundoensis, M. fuscus, M. ghesquierei, M. intermedius, M. kutuensis, M. lambouri, M. moorii, M. paucisquamatus and M. schilthuisiae. All nine are restricted to West-Central and Central Africa. A detailed morphometric analysis could not distinguish differences between M. moorii, M. paucisquamatus and M. lambouri. Therefore they are considered as synonyms with M. morrii as the senior synonym. The systematic status of M. intermedius is uncertain owing to the existence of only three specimens. Within this species complex a new species, Marcusenius sanagaensis, is described from the Sanaga River basin in Cameroon. It differs from all the others in the number of scales on the lateral line and in the extent of the broad dark band between the anterior base of the dorsal fin and the anterior base of the anal fin. All valid Marcusenius species wit.
Study of pattern of hearing loss in CSOM (chronic suppurative OTITIS media)

Introduction: Chronic suppurative otitis media is one of the most common conditions encountered by Otologists in daily practice. Conventionally hearing loss in CSOM is conductive in nature, but it has been observed that some patient displayed an additional sensorineural component to their conductive hearing loss (mixed hearing loss). Material and Methods: A prospective cohort observational study on 100 Cases in two groups of 50 each who had safe CSOM and 50 unsafe CSOM conducted over a period of July 2011 to September 2013 at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Padmashree Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre (DPU), Pimpri, Pune. Detailed history, complete ENT examination was done. They were then subjected to Puretone audiometry; air and bone conduction thresholds were tested and plotted on the audiogram. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression (odds ratio) analyses were used. Results: Incidence of hearing loss is 72%for conductive type and 28% is of mixed type, in which 72% are of safe conductive, 18% safe mixed type and 64% are of unsafe conductive, 36% are in unsafe mixed type. Incidence of SNHL increases as age increases being maximum in age group of 41-50 years i.e. 37.50% and minimum in 11-20 years i.e. 5.71%. 14% cases of unsafe chronic suppurative otitis media were found to be associated with labyrinthine fistula. This proved to be the commonest cause of sensorineural component in unsafe chronic suppurative otitis media followed by granulation over oval window (8%) and cholesteatoma extending to round window in 4 % of cases. Conclusion: In the present study incidence of sensorineural hearing loss increased with advancing age, showing that age is a risk factor for sensorineural component of hearing loss in CSOM though conductive hearing loss is more common. CSOM is associated with mixed hearing loss mainly >35 dB, higher frequencies were involved.
Selected problems of water, electricity and waste management in Brazil in the context of its impact on climate change mitigation

The article discusses selected problems related to environmental protection in the context of climate change in the Ceará region of North-Eastern Brazil. The authors analyse the lack of water and negative impact of climate change on fish processing in the region. Also, the opportunity to use fish waste to increase profitability of the local fish processing SMEs thanks to implementation of climate-friendly technologies such as the production of fertilisers and energy for their own needs is discussed.
Decrease in vacuolar pH during petunia flower opening is reflected in the activity of tonoplast H+-ATPase

Summary Flower color is determined by two major factors, pigments present in the vacuole, and intra-vacuolar environment (vacuolar pH and metal ion content). Several reports demonstrate the importance of vacuolar pH in determining flower color, and show that increase in vacuolar pH changes the color of the petal. We study vacuolar pH in petunia flower as a model system, and the H+ pumps (H+-ATPase and H+-PPase) using flower pH mutants. Two lines of petunia are being used in this study, a red line (R) with a low vacuolar pH (flower sap pH 5.6) and a purple line (P) with a high vacuolar pH (flower sap pH 6.1). ATP hydrolyzing activity of the tonoplast H+-ATPase of petals from the R line was three times higher than that from the P line. Western blot analysis showed similar amounts of the 70 kD and 58 kD subunits of vacuolar H+-ATPase in the two lines; however, subunit E amounts differed between the lines. The difference in the pH of the flower sap manifested with higher amounts of subunit E in the R line. The two lines did not differ in their organic acids synthesis. Genetic analysis of R and P lines showed that vacuolar pH is partially controlled by a single dominant gene (Ph gene).
Myology of the purple-throated Carib (Eulampis jugularis) and other hummingbirds (Aves, Trochilidae)

Zusi, Richard L. , and Gregory Dean Bentz. Myology of the Purple-throated Carib (Eulampis jugularis) and Other Hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 385, 70 pages, 20 figures, 1984. — All muscles of the axial and appendicular skeleton of Eulampis jugularis are described and illustrated, and comparisons are made with the Rufous-breasted Hermit (Glaucis hirsuta), the Fork-tailed Woodnymph {Thalurania Jurcata), the Velvet-browed Brilliant (Heliodoxa xanthogonys), the Giant Hummingbird (Patagona gigas), the Tyrian Metaltail (Metallura tyrianthina), and the Bahama Woodstar (Calliphlox evelynae). These species were chosen to include the major taxonomic subdivisions within the Trochilidae. Although species with remarkable structural modifications of the bill, wings, and tail are excluded from this study, myological variation within the hummingbirds studied nevertheless suggests considerable potential for future studies of systematics and adaptation within the Trochilidae. Unusual features in hummingbirds are identified and compared with oscines (Passeriformes), swifts, and various other birds for future use in phylogenetic studies on the familial and ordinal levels. Hummingbirds are shown to lack 19 muscles or distinct parts of muscles found in some members of the Passeriformes. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus). Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Zusi, Richard L. (Richard Laurence), 1930Myology of the purple-throated Carib (Eulampis jugularis) and other hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae) (Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 385) Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Purple-throated carib—Anatomy. 2. Hummingbirds—Anatomy. 3. Muscles. 4. Birds— Anatomy. I. Bentz, Gregory Dean. II. Title. HI. Series. QL1.S54 no. 385 598.8'99 83-14794 [QL696.A558]
Some new injurious Phytophaga from South Africa

Rhembastus pomorum, sp. n. (fig. l). Oblong-ovate, metallic dark blue ; clypeus, antennae and legs fulvous ; prothorax finely and remotely punctured ; elytra finely punctate-striate, with the interstices glabrous. Length , 4 mm.
Proline oxidation by mitochondria from Neurospora crassa

Mitochondria isolated from mycelia of Neurospora crassa grown with l-proline as sole nitrogen source, oxidized l-proline at a high rate. Respiratory properties of these mitochondria and spectrophotometric measurements with artificial electron acceptors (PMS, INT) indicate that this oxidation is mediated by a flavoprotein linked to the respiratory chain.
Effects of light intensity on husbandry parameters, digestive enzymes and whole-body composition of juvenile Epinephelus coioides reared in artificial sea water

To provide a specific lighting system to aquaculture, a completely randomized design with five light treatments with three replicates was used to investigate effects of light intensity on juvenile Epinephelus coioides reared in artificial sea water. The weight gain rate (WG, %), specific growth rate (SGR % day−1), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and survival rate (S, %) were significantly higher at the 320–1150-lx treatments (P ≤ 0.05) compared with the other treatments, but the highest food conversion ratio (FCR) was at the 0-lx treatment and the lowest at 600–1150 lx. Total protease, amylase and lipase activities in liver, stomach and intestine were significantly higher at 320–1150-lx conditions and significantly lower at 0 lx (P ≤ 0.05) than in the other treatments. The highest contents of crude protein and crude lipid were observed at 600–1150 lx and 320–550 lx respectively. However, both moisture and ash were highest at 0 lx and lowest at 600–1150 lx. The results indicated that light intensity could significantly affect husbandry parameters, digestive enzymes and whole-body composition of juvenile E. coioides, with optimal light intensity being at 600–1150 lx.
Orientation and homing success of experienced and inexperienced anosmic pigeons

Pigeons considerably experienced in homing (EX) and others completely inexperienced (IN) were released simultaneously at sites approximately 30 and 150 km from their home loft at Wurzburg, Germany. Some of them had been made anosmic by means of bilateral olfactory nerve section (experimentais, EP); untreated birds served as controls (CP). EX/CPs were much better than IN/CPs in initial homeward orientation. Yet EX/EPs were not better than IN/EPs; their vanishing bearings were not homeward oriented at all. They showed, instead, a PCD (preferred compass direction) as is typical for birds from this loft. Over 150 km most of the EX/CPs (88%) but only 1 out of 39 EX/EPs returned to the loft (as against 24% and 0 of the IN birds). As shown by recoveries, the EX/EPs flew, on average, quite long distances but failed to orient their courses homeward. Recovery sites were, on average, farther from home than the release site. Over 30 km all the EX/CPs, but also almost half of the EX/EPs, returned to the loft (the latt.
Role of nasal douching in chronic allergic rhinitis

Objective: The present study was carried out to evaluate the role of nasal douching in the treatment of allergic rhinitis using daily allergic rhinitis symptom score. Material & Methods: 120 patients of chronic allergic rhinitis who attended otorhinolaryngology outdoor of Ananta Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajsamand, Rajasthan were included in the study. patients were divided into two equal groups viz. group A (n=60) in which patients were treated with antihistamincs, leukotriene receptor antagonists and intranasal steroid sprays and group B (n=60) in which isotonic saline nasal douching was advised to the patients three times a day as an adjunctive to the medical treatment. Patients were followed up after 2 week and 4 weeks. Mean daily allergic rhinitis symptom score were calculated at each follow up and compared between the two groups. Results: out of 120 patients, 63 were male and 57 were female. Age of the patients ranges from 20 to 60 years with the mean age of 36.5 years. Mean daily rhinitis scores of group A and group B were 14.6±1.6 and 14.3±2.0 respectively (p value3.661) which was reduced to 8.9±2.1 and 7.1±1.8 respectively and the difference was found to be statistically significant ( p value <0.0001). At 4th week follow up, the scores of were further reduced to 3.8±1.7 and 2.2±0.9 respectively and the difference was found to be statistically significant (p value <0.0001). Conclusion: Nasal douching is an effective method to manage symptoms of allergic rhinitis when used along with other medical treatment including intranasal steroids, antihistaminics and leukotriene receptor antagonists.
The round goby Neogobius melanostomus is colonising the NE Baltic Sea.

After being first detected in the Baltic Sea in early 1990s, the round goby Neogobius melanostomus has expanded its distribution area afterwards and first found in Estonian waters in 2002. There are evidences to suggest that the species is relatively common in leisure fishermen catches at the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland. Thus, this demersal fish is slowly, but continuously colonizing northern parts of the Baltic Sea.
Thiosulfate Reductase from a Moderately Thermophilic Iron-oxidizing Bacterium, Strain TI-1—Purification and Characterization

When grown on Fe2+-medium (pH 1.8) containing the following five l-amino acids: aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, arginine, and histidine, a moderately thermophilic iron-oxidizing bacterium, strain TI-1, produced hydrogen sulfide (H2S) outside of the cells and synthesized a novel thiosulfate reductase, which catalyzed the reduction of thiosulfate with NAD(P)H as an electron donor to give H2S. The activity of this enzyme in this bacterium increased 2-fold when elemental sulfur was added to this medium. Thiosulfate reductase was in the cytosol of the strain and was purified to an electrophoretically homogeneous state. The apparent molecular weight of thiosulfate reductase was 230,000 by gel filtration and 58,000 by SDS–PAGE, indicating that the enzyme is a homotetramer. The enzyme was most active at pH 6.0 and 60°C. Thiosulfate, but not elemental sulfur, sulfite, or tetrathionate, was specifically used as an electron accepter of this enzyme. Both NADH and NADPH were used as electron donors. However, NAD.
Drought, high temperature, and their combination affect ultrastructure of chloroplasts and mitochondria in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) leaves

Plants experience a number of limiting factors, as drought and heat, which are often coinciding stress factors in natural environment. This study evaluated the changes in mesophyll cell ultrastructure in the leaves of two varieties of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), differing in their drought tolerance, under individual or combined drought and heat treatment. Although the individual stress factors affected leaf ultrastructure, the damaging effect of the combined drought and heat was more pronounced and manifested certain differences between genotypes. Chloroplasts and mitochondria were affected in a variety-specific manner under all adverse treatments. The organelles of the drought-tolerant Katya were better preserved than those in the sensitive variety Sadovo. Leaf ultrastructure can be considered as one of the important characteristics in the evaluation of the drought susceptibility of different wheat varieties.
Ullucus virus C, a newly recognised comovirus infecting Ullucus tuberosus (Basellaceae)

SUMMARY Ullucus virus C (UVC) is a comovirus prevalent in Ullucus tuberosus grown at high altitudes in the Bolivian and Peruvian Andes. It was transmitted mechanically to U. tuberosus (Basellaceae) and to five of 26 species from three of eight other families, infecting U. tuberosus symptomlessly but inducing conspicuous systemic infection in Chenopodium amaranticolor and C. quinoa. Sap from infected C. quinoa was usually infective after 10 min at 70 but not 75 °C, after dilution to 10-7 but not 10-8, and after 8 but not 16 wk at 20 °C. UVC was not transmitted by either of two aphid species (Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae) or through seed of C. quinoa, but it was transmitted by leaf contact between infected and healthy plants. UVC has isometric particles which, in neutral phosphotungstate, are c. 28 nm in diameter. The particles sediment as three components (T, M and B) with sedimentation coefficients (s˚20, w) of 51 S (T), 95 S (M) and 116 S (B). M component particles have a buoyant density (g cm-3) in caesium chloride of 1.404, and B component particles separated into minor and major sub-components with densities of 1.409 and 1.463, respectively. T, M and B particles were serologically indistinguishable, and each contained similar relative amounts of two polypeptides of mol. wts 20 700 and 45 100. T particles contained only protein, but M particles also contained c. 30% ss-RNA of mol. wt 1–45 ×106 and B particles c. 38% ss-RNA of mol. wt 2·2 × 106. The virus is serologically distantly related to cowpea mosaic virus but, as it showed no relationship to any of 11 other similar viruses, it is probably a distinct member of the comovirus group.