Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimal Induced Innovation and Growth with Congestion of a Limited Natural Resource

In a simple Neoclassical Growth Model with endogenous technical change, I expand on the hypothesis of Induced Innovation including a production externality from a xed input, called `land', which represents the carrying capacity of the earth's atmosphere. Land is assumed to be congested by the use of labor and capital in production. A market economy where land is free will fail to reach a steady state, and may end up in either of three possible cases: (i) a catastrophe driven by overaccumulation; (ii) a state in which Induced Innovation stops capital deepening but not environmental decline; (iii) a path of perpetual decumulation of capital resembling an industrial counterrevolution. A planned economy, instead, will assign a shadow-price to land, thus setting in motion the Induced Innovation engine and fostering land-augmenting technological progress which will reduce environmental stress. The unique equilibrium if this economy is found to be locally asymptotically stable in the numerical analysis for substitution elasticities smaller than 1. The corresponding direction of technical change is characterized by constant shares of all inputs, a positive growth rate of labor- and land-augmenting technologies, and by a rate of growth of capital-augmentation equal to zero.
An exploratory study of the factors influencing Generation-Y's purchasing intention within the toy industry in Malaysia

Modern age living in Malaysia has subjected people to focus on electronic device intervention in daily activities and forget about childhood memories of imagination especially with conventional toys. Store image and ambience plays a vital role in reliving this imagination and boost purchase intentions amongst the younger generation who grew up in the technology age. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors of store image that affects the purchasing intention of Gen-Y’s in a toy store. Retailers need better strategy for their store image to attract these future decision makers in the toy industry. 200 respondents were surveyed around the Klang area where factor analysis and reliability test were performed to ensure the validity and reliability while multiple linear regression was used to explore the relationship between the constructs. The result of the research showed that perceived value, store physical attributes, and service quality are significant factors that influence customers purchasing intention.
Making Investment Decisions in a Chilean Family-Oriented Business: Who is Right the Parents or the Children?

The relevance of traditional methods of project evaluation in the decision-making process for family-oriented businesses is not completely clear, as compared with the importance of other variables such as the project’s coherence with the family’s values and interests, amongst others. This article presents a case study related to a Chilean family business, in its attempt to determine the importance that family members attribute to different variables that should be considered when making investment decisions. The investigation considered three types of data: a) evaluation of the investment from a financial and strategic point of view, b) presentation of results to the member of family, and c) follow-up with respect to the decision made and interviews with all the family members. The results show that the parents feel that stability in the family investment policies and the impact of the investment on the roles that each family member plays in the business are the most relevant variables, whereas the children assign more value to aspects associated with business returns.
Asymmetric Baxter- King Filter

The paper proposes an extension of the symmetric Baxter-King band pass filter to an asymmetric Baxter-King filter. The optimal correction scheme of the ideal filter weights is the same as in the symmetric version, i.e, cut the ideal filter at the appropriate length and add a constant to all filter weights to ensure zero weight on zero frequency. Since the symmetric Baxter-King filter is unable to extract the desired signal at the very ends of the series, the extension to an asymmetric filter is useful whenever the real time estimation is needed. The paper uses Monte Carlo simulation to compare the proposed filter's properties in extracting business cycle frequencies to the ones of the original Baxter-King filter and Christiano-Fitzgerald filter. Simulation results show that the asymmetric Baxter-King filter is superior to the asymmetric default specification of Christiano-Fitzgerald filter in real time signal extraction exercises.
Radiographic Evaluation of Osteoporosis through Detection of Jaw Bone Changes: A Simplified Early Osteoporosis Detection Effort

Osteoporosis has become a worldwide problem and has been known as a silence disease. Nowadays, there are a lot of diagnostic tools for detecting osteoporosis. Eighty eight postmenopausal were included and underwent digital panoramic, digital periapical, and conventional radiography. Ultrasound bone densitometry of os calcis used as gold standard. Correlation between stiffness index (SI) with a digital dental, digital panoramic and conventional dental radiography are 0.170 (p = 0.11), -0382 (p = 0.001) and 0.246 (p = 0.021) respectively. Significant relationship was found between the SI only with digital panoramic and conventional dental. The highest correlation was found between SI values with mandibular Inferior Cortex on digital panoramic (-0.382, Pearson Correlation Tests). Correlation between digital panoramic radiographs and the SI values was the highest of the three radiographic modalities in this study. This indicates that evaluation of cortical bone is more accurate than cancellous bone. Bone quality evaluation in patients at high risk for osteoporosis using panoramic and dental conventional radiograph by dentist, contributes in preventing further occurrence of osteoporosis which in turn could reduce mortality and morbidity of osteoporosis in Indonesia.
Juvenile growth in barnacles: Combined effect of delayed metamorphosis and sub-lethal exposure of cyprids to low-salinity stress

Delayed metamorphosis can affect post-metamorphic performance in a variety of marine invertebrate species, possibly through effects on larval energy reserves. Nevertheless, the consequences of the 'latent effects' of natural environmental conditions and the proximate causes of the effects have rarely been examined. We documented the combined effect of delayed metamorpho- sis and sub-lethal exposure of larvae to low-salinity stress on depletion of energy reserves, meta- morphic success and juvenile growth rates for the estuarine barnacle Balanus amphitrite, both in the laboratory and in field outplant experiments. Acute (24 h) exposure of 0 d old cyprids to low salinity (10 psu) dramatically reduced juvenile growth rates (measured as basal diameter, dry weight and ash-free dry weight) for the first 5 d after metamorphosis, in both laboratory and field conditions, and the effects were similar to those resulting from delayed metamorphosis. There was an interaction between delayed metamorphosis and salinity effects on juvenile tissue growth rates. To determine how the negative effects of delayed metamorphosis observed in the laboratory might be modulated in the field under different nutrient conditions, we also outplanted juveniles from cyprids that had delayed metamorphosis for either 0 d (control) or 4 d at 2 intertidal sites that experienced different nutrient conditions. Surprisingly, surplus food availability in the juvenile habitat could not entirely compensate for the negative effects imposed by delayed metamorphosis on juvenile growth rates. Additionally, we examined whether or not the detrimental effects of delayed metamorphosis on growth were mediated through effects on juvenile feeding rates and feeding appendage (cirri) mor- phology. Interestingly, although 2 out of the 3 juvenile feeding cirri lengths were shorter than expected in delayed individuals, mean juvenile filtration rate was significantly higher in delayed individuals than in control individuals. Overall, our results emphasise that acute exposure of compe- tent larvae to low-salinity stress negatively affects juvenile growth rates as severely as delayed meta- morphosis, which may ultimately influence juvenile and adult population dynamics in the field. The cause of reduced post-metamorphic performance in young barnacles remains unclear, but does not seem to be caused by reduced capacity for feeding.
Spatiotemporal ecology of Apalone spinifera in a large, Great Plains river ecosystem

—Sparse information exists about the ecology of Spiny Softshell Turtles (Apalone spinifera) in large rivers, at the northwestern extent of their natural range, and in Montana, where they are disjunct from downstream populations and a State Species of Concern. We determined spatiotemporal ecology of 47 female and 12 male turtles from 2009 through 2012 and identified fundamental habitats in the Missouri River in east-central Montana. Movement rates of females were greater than those of males and peaked before nesting. Movement rates of males peaked before overwintering, and movement rates of both sexes were minimal in winter. Home range sizes were not different between sexes, varied among individuals and seasons, and were similar to those reported elsewhere in their northern range. Turtles aggregated and showed interannual fidelity to separate and disparate habitats in different seasons. Turtles often chose fine substrates, tributary confluences, and reaches with islands during summer and mainstem outside bends in the winter. They inhabited shallow, slow water velocity areas from May to September. They inhabited deeper, moderate velocity areas from October to April. We did not observe ice jams and associated riverbed scour at hibernacula, but did observe them elsewhere. Ice jams may be spatially predictable and influence the distribution of riverine turtles during autumn and winter. Preservation of dissimilar habitats used during major portions of the life cycle (lateral habitats, islands, and hibernacula) and natural streamflow patterns, which influenced timing of habitat availability and turtle movement, may facilitate continued existence of Spiny Softshell Turtles in the Missouri River in Montana.
Income Inequality and Systemic Transformations: Long-term Trends of Human Capital Private Returns

The article discusses income inequality dynamics, which is assumed to act as a proxy for long#term trends in private returns on human capital. The author's research has found grounds to argue that the wage differential dynamics in Soviet#era Russia did follow international trends while the country failed to extend the knowledge sector share in its national economy. The author compares his empirical findings of the Russian case in an international context with the economic hypothesis usually referred to as the Kuznets curve. The author argues that income inequality tends to increase during the transitional stages of economic and social systemic transformations and subsequently moderates during the evolutionary stages of steady development.
Social Influences and the Physical Activity Intentions of Parents of Young-Children Families

Evidence within Australia and internationally suggests parenthood as a risk factor for inactivity; however, research into understanding parental physical activity is scarce. Given that active parents can create active families and social factors are important for parents’ decision making, the authors investigated a range of social influences on parents’ intentions to be physically active. Parents (N = 580; 288 mothers and 292 fathers) of children younger than 5 years completed an extended Theory of Planned Behavior questionnaire either online or paper based. For both genders, attitude, control factors, group norms, friend general support, and an active parent identity predicted intentions, with social pressure and family support further predicting mothers’ intentions and active others further predicting fathers’ intentions. Attention to these factors and those specific to the genders may improve parents’ intentions to be physically active, thus maximizing the benefits to their own health and the healthy lifestyle practices for other family members.
THE INFLUENCE OF PARENTAL RESTRICTION OF CHILDREN'S FRIENDS: A TEST OF REACT ANCE THEORY

Telling people not to do something often produces the opposite reaction_ Psychological reactance, as described by Brehm and Brehm (1981), proposes that this process occurs because of a motivational force to restore lost or threatened freedoms. The present study was designed to test the reactance theory as it applies to adolescents' reactions to restrictions of freedom by their parents. It was predicted that adolescents would like deviant friends more when the friendship was forbidden by parents than when it was not forbidden. Results marginally supported this hypothesis_ Specifically, eighthgraders reported that another student would like a friend who is caught smoking cigarettes more when the student's parents specifically forbid the friendship than when the student's parents gave the child the freedom to choose whether he/she would remain friends with the smoker.
Developing a framework for evaluating creativity in parametric design

Pioneering studies have demonstrated that parametric design generates creative variations. However, there has been a lack of formal understandings to evaluate creativity in parametric design. This research develops an evaluation framework for parametric design in the early design phase. The evaluation framework is derived from the critical analysis of design creativity models and design evaluation criteria. The framework includes the evaluation of creativity from design process to design outcome in the context of parametric design. This paper focuses on the conceptual evaluation framework, which comprises a coding scheme for the protocol analysis of the design process, and evaluation criteria for the expert panel assessment of the design outcome. The theoretically-based framework, including the coding scheme and the evaluation criteria, presents a crucial starting point to formally understand creativity in parametric design as well as a novel approach for evaluating this creativity. Future research will include empirical studies on practices that adopt parametric design, in order to refine and verify this framework. Conference theme: Computer Science
Metabolomics analysis implies noninvolvement of the kynurenine pathway neurotoxins in the interferon-gamma- induced neurotoxicity of adult human astrocytes

Emerging evidence indicates that the kynurenine pathway (KP) contributes to neurodegenerative diseases associated with glial activation. Interferon (IFN)-γ is a potent activator of indole-2,3-dioxygenase, the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the KP. Our previous studies have shown that adult human astrocytes become neurotoxic when activated by IFN-γ. We now used high performance liquid chromatographymass spectrometry in both the positive- and negative- ionization mode of electrospray interface, to examine whether the IFN-γ-activated adult human astrocytes secrete neurotoxic KP metabolites, such as quinolinic acid (QUIN), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA). Kynurenine was detected in cell culture supernatants of IFN-γ-stimulated astrocytes, but not in supernatants of unstimulated astrocytes. On the other hand, QUIN, 3-HK and 3-HAA were not detected in samples from either IFN-γ- stimulated or unstimulated cells. These results indicate that the KP may not be involved in the IFN-γ-induced neurotoxicity of adult human astrocytes. Therefore, neurotoxins other than KP metabolites could be responsible for the IFN-γ-induced astrocyte neurotoxicity.
Relativistic cyclotron radiation detection of tritium decay electrons as a new technique for measuring the neutrino mass

The shape of the beta-decay energy distribution is sensitive to the mass of the electron neutrino. Attempts to measure the endpoint shape of tritium decay have so far seen no distortion from the zero-mass form, thus placing an upper limit of m{sub {nu}}{sub {beta}}<2.3 eV. Here, we show that a new type of electron energy spectroscopy could improve future measurements of this spectrum and therefore of the neutrino mass. We propose to detect the coherent cyclotron radiation emitted by an energetic electron in a magnetic field. For mildly relativistic electrons, like those in tritium decay, the relativistic shift of the cyclotron frequency allows us to extract the electron energy from the emitted radiation. We present calculations for the energy resolution, noise limits, high-rate measurement capability, and systematic errors expected in such an experiment.
Visual Information Priming in Internet of Things: Focusing on the interface of smart refrigerator

Internet of Things (IoT) supports an environment where users are able to interact and get information by sharing visual informational cues. The purpose of this study was to investigate what effect was made on the perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, intention to use and selfefficacy about use of smart refrigerator when visual information related to the food and function is provided in advance in the interface. A data was collected from a between-subjects experiment (N = 26) with an independent variable (priming visual information vs. non-priming). According to the experiment results, users who were primed about the visual cues perceived higher usefulness (PU), ease of use (PEoU), intention to use (IU), and self-efficacy (SE) toward the fridge compared to the users in a non-primed group. The study proposes theoretical and practical implications for designing food-related smart home appliances’ interface and visual affordances.
The reaction between NH3+ and CH3COOH: a possible process for the formation of glycine precursors in the interstellar medium

Context. The formation of glycine is strongly relevant to our understanding of the interstellar medium and is most accuretely studied computationally. Aims. We carry out a theoretical study of the reactions between the radical cation of ammonia and CH 3 COOH/CH 2 COOH as possible processes leading to glycine derivatives. Methods. The gas-phase reactions were theoretically studied using ab initio methods. We employed the second-order Moller-Plesset level in conjunction with the cc-pVTZ basis set. In addition, the electronic energies were refined by means of single-point calculations at the CCSD(T) level on the MP2/cc-pVTZ geometries with the aug-cc-pVTZ basis set. Results. We report accurate potential energy surfaces for the reactions considered in this work. The different intermediate species as well as the most relevant transition states for these reactions are characterized. Conclusions. Formation of protonated glycine from the reaction of NH + 3 with acetic acid is an exothermic (-9.15 kcal/mol at CCSD(T) level) barrier free process. However, the results obtained indicate that the hydrogen-transfer process forming NH + 4 and CH 2 COOH is clearly the dominating path, in agreement with the experimental evidence. The formation of ionized glycine from the reaction of product CH 2 COOH with NH + 3 is a quasi-isoenergetic (2.03 kcal/mol at CCSD(T) level) barrier free process that leads to a highly stable intermediate: protonated glycine.
Does Inflation Targeting Affect the Dispersion of Inflation Expectations

In this paper, we examine the effect of having an inflation targeting framework on the dispersion of inflation forecasts from professional forecasters. We use a panel data set of 25 countries-including 14 inflation targeters-with 16 years of monthly information. We find that the dispersion of long-run inflation expectations is smaller in targeting regimes after controlling for country-specific effects, time-specific effects, the level and the variance of inflation, disinflation periods, and global inflation. On average, the full effect is not observed until the third year after implementation of inflation targeting. When we differentiate between developed and developing countries, the dispersion of inflation expectations after inflation targeting is smaller and statistically significant only in developing countries. Copyright (c) 2010 The Ohio State University.
Determinants of sovereign yield spreads during the Euro-crisis: Fundamental factors versus systemic risk

The intensity of the Euro-crisis was reflected by significant increases of sovereign bond yields in the troubled countries. This has launched a hot debate whether this increase can solely be attributed to fundamental factors like e.g. rescue programmes, rising budget deficits, deteriorating economic prospects or changes in the rating-status of the country, or whether a part of these growing yields is likely to represent a systemic risk, i.e. that one or more countries will drop out of the European Monetary Union and reintroduce their own national currencies. This empirical analysis explores whether such systemic risk is present in the yield spreads of nine Euro area countries by using a novel market based indicator from the virtual prediction market Intrade. Our empirical results suggest that beside fundamental factors a systemic risk component played a role in determination of sovereign yields. Our empirical measure of the systemic component in sovereign yields can be related to the expected change of the newly introduced national currency. Accordingly to that, Portugal, Ireland, Spain and Italy are expected to depreciate their currency while the others would appreciate after a withdrawal from the Euro area. Risk premia that are related to fears of the reversibility of the Euro are unacceptable, and they need to be addressed in a fundamental manner. (ECB-President Mario Draghi, August 2012) Es gibt fundamentale Zweifel der Markte an der Sicherheit der Wahrungsunion. (Bundesbankprasident Jens Weidmann, July 2012)
Natural Volatility and Option Pricing

In this paper we recover the Black-Scholes and local volatility pricing engines in the presence of an unspecified, fully stochastic volatility. The input volatility functions are allowed to fluctuate randomly and to depend on time to expiration in a systematic way, bringing the underlying theory in line with industry experience and practice. More generally we show that to price a European-exercise path-(in)dependent option, it is enough to model the evolution of the variance of instantaneous returns over the natural filtration of the underlying security. We call the square root of this new process natural volatility. We develop the associated concept of path-conditional forward volatility, via which the natural volatility can be directly specified in an economically meaningful way.
A Review Paper on Gabor Filter Algorithm for The application of Texture Segmentation

: In applications of image analysis and computer vision, Gabor filters have maintained their popularity in feature extraction. The reason behind this is that the resemblance between Gabor filter and receptive field of simple cells in visual cortex. Being successful in applications like face detection, iris recognition, fingerprint matching; where, Gabor feature based processes are amongst the best performers. The Gabor features can be derived by applying signal processing techniques both in time and frequency domain In this paper basically we did the comparative study about the previous existing approach of Gabor filter and their applications.