Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The use of FDG-PET to guide consolidative radiotherapy in patients with advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma with residual abnormalities on CT scan following ABVD chemotherapy.

8034 Background: Consolidative radiotherapy (RT) is frequently administered following chemotherapy (CHT) for advanced stage Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) patients who have bulky disease at diagnosis and/or residual abnormalities on post-CHT CT imaging. The GHSG HD15 trial has recently shown that RT can be omitted in cases that have residual disease on CT imaging following BEACOPP-based CHT but are FDG-PET-negative (PET-neg). However, it is unknown whether this also applies to patients treated with ABVD CHT and to those with initial bulky disease. Further, the effectiveness of RT for cases that are PET positive (PET-pos) following ABVD CHT remains unclear. METHODS Since July 2005, adult (> 16 y) patients in British Columbia (BC) with advanced stage HL (stage III /IV and/or the presence B symptoms and/or bulky disease [> 10cm]) have been recommended to undergo FDG-PET imaging if residual abnormalities > 2 cm are seen on the post CHT CT scan. If the PET scan was negative, patients were observed, regardless of initial disease bulk. If the PET scan was positive RT was administered, if feasible. RESULTS In total, 163 patients responding patients have had a PET scan following curative intent ABVD or equivalent CHT: PET-neg 80% (n=130); PET-pos 19% (n=31); PET-indeterminate 1% (n=2). Patient characteristics include: M:F 1:1.04; median age, 31 y (17-76 y); stage II, 52%; bulky disease, 50%; B symptoms, 68%; IPFP Prognostic score > 3, 15%. With a median follow-up of 34 months, patients with a PET-neg scan post CHT have a far superior 3-year TTP compared to those with a PET-pos scan (89% vs 55%, p= .00001). In the PET-neg patients, there was no difference in the 3-year TTP in those with bulky vs non-bulky disease at diagnosis (86% vs 91%, p=.71). In the PET-pos group, 25 (81%) received the planned RT and of these, 10 (40%) have relapsed. CONCLUSIONS Advanced stage HL patients with a negative PET scan following ABVD CHT are at low risk of relapse and do not routinely require additional consolidative RT thus avoiding potential long-term side effects. Although some patients with a positive PET-scan remain disease free after consolidative RT, a high proportion ultimately relapse.
Nut Consumption Is Associated with Decreased Health Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease and Metabolic Syndrome in U.S. Adults: NHANES 1999–2004

Background: Few recent epidemiologic studies have assessed the effect that nut consumption (including tree nuts and peanuts) has on health risks, including metabolic syndrome (MetS). Objective: This study compared the health risk for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and MetS of nut consumers with that of nonconsumers. Design: Adults 19+ years (n = 13,292) participating in the 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. Intake from 24-hour recalls was used to determine intake. Nut/tree nut consumers consumed ≥¼ ounce per day. Covariate-adjusted means, standard errors, and prevalence rates were determined for the nut consumption groups. Results: The prevalence of nut consumers was 18.6% ± 0.7% and 21.0% ± 0.9% in those 19–50 years and 51 years and older, respectively. Nut consumption was associated with a decreased body mass index (27.7 kg/m2 ± 0.2 vs 28.1 ± 0.1 kg/m2, p < 0.05), waist circumference (95.6 ± 0.4 cm vs 96.4 ± 0.3 cm, p < 0.05), and systolic blood pressure (121.9 ± 0.4 mmHg vs 123.20 ± 0.3 mmHg, p < 0.01) compared with nonconsumers. Tree nut consumers also had a lower weight (78.8 ± 0.7 kg vs 80.7 ± 0.3 kg, p < 0.05). Nut consumers had a lower percentage of two risk factors for MetS: hypertension (31.5% ± 1.0% vs 34.2% ± 0.8%, p < 0.05) and low high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (29.6% ± 1.0% vs 34.8% ± 0.8%, p < 0.01). Tree nut consumers had a lower prevalence of four risk factors for MetS: abdominal obesity (43.6% ± 1.6% vs 49.5% ± 0.8%, p < 0.05), hypertension (31.4% ± 1.2% vs 33.9% ± 0.8%, p < 0.05), low HDL-C (27.9% ± 1.7% vs 34.5% ± 0.8%, p < 0.01), high fasting glucose (11.4% ± 1.4% vs 15.0% ± 0.7%, p < 0.05), and a lower prevalence of MetS (21.2% ± 2.1% vs 26.6% ± 0.7%, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Nut/tree nut consumption was associated with a decreased prevalence of selected risk factors for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and MetS.
Plasmonic oligomers as effective red light scatterers to enhance the performance of organic solar cells

The current work proposes to incorporate gold nano-particle dimers and trimers inside the OPV device. The plasmon resonance of coupled particles shifts towards the red part of the spectrum where the losses of gold are much smaller. It can be theoretically show that the scattering over extinction cross-section of such oligomers is strongly reduced and leads to a significant increase of the light harvesting in the active material.
Research on the Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Corporate Value: Based on Life Cycle Theory

The results from subgroup regression analysis of the high-tech listed companies show that intellectual capital not only has a significant influence on corporate value creation, but also has a significant influence on the perception and evaluation to companies’ market value by capital market. Company’s life cycle indeed has significant effects on the relations between intellectual capital and corporate value. In different stage of life cycle, intellectual capital plays different roles in value creation and realization. The overall IC plays the most important role in the maturing stage of companies. While in the growth stage, human capital and innovation capital are the main elements of value creation and they both significantly enhance corporate value. In the stagnant stage, human capital becomes the main factor to enhance corporate value. Therefore, basing on specific stage of companies life cycle managers should make appropriate strategies to invest and manage Intellectual capital to maintain competitive advantage in the complex and competitive environment.
Performance parameters for screening and diagnostic mammography in a community practice: are there differences between specialists and general radiologists?

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of general radiologists in interpretation of mammograms with that of breast imaging specialists in a high-volume community hospital-based private practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective observational study was conducted with data prospectively collected over a 5-year period in a community hospital-based practice in which 106,405 screening and 52,149 diagnostic mammograms were performed. The performance of three radiologists specializing in breast imaging was compared with that of six general radiologists. The following data were extracted and analyzed: recall rate, biopsy recommendation rate, and cancer detection rate. Statistical analysis was performed with a chi-square test and two-tailed calculation of p values. RESULTS The recall rates of the specialists and generalists were nearly the same at 6.5% and 6.7%, respectively. The biopsy recommendation rate at recall from screening examinations was nearly the same for generalists and specialists (1.2% and 1.1%, respectively; p = 0.4504). This rate also was similar for diagnostic examinations (8.5% for generalists; 8.4% for specialists; p = 0.4086). The cancer detection rate in the screening setting was slightly higher for specialists than for generalists: 2.5 and 2.0 cancers per 1,000 cases, respectively (p = 0.0614). The cancer detection rate in the diagnostic setting was 24.2% higher among specialists (20.0 cancers per 1,000 cases) compared with generalists (16.1 cancers per 1,000 cases) (p = 0.0177). CONCLUSION The only statistically significant difference between generalists and specialists was in cancer detection rate among patients undergoing diagnostic mammography. No statistically significant difference was identified between the two groups in terms of recall rate, biopsy recommendation rate, or percentage of favorable-prognosis cases of cancer detected. There was a trend toward greater cancer detection by specialists in the screening setting.
Prevalence of mastitis pathogens in milk from clinically healthy cows

A total of 669 individual cow milk samples originating from asymptomatic cows from 16 dairy farms were examined for the presence of microorganisms with the potential to cause mastitis. Coagulase-negative staphy - lococci clearly predominated (53.5% positive samples) followed by streptococci and enterococci (both occurring in 16.1% samples). Among streptococci, so-called mastitis streptococci ( S. uberis, S. dysgalactiae and S. agalactiae) prevailed (11.7% positive samples). Enterobacteriaceae were found in 10.0% samples, most of which (6.6% samples) were positive for Escherichia coli. Yeasts (mainly Candida spp.) were found in 8.2% samples. One of the major mastitis pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus, was isolated from 9.0% of samples. S. aureus isolates were further characterised in terms of their capability to form biofilm, antimicrobial susceptibility and clonality (PFGE). All S. aureus isolates were capable of biofilm formation and were generally susceptible to the majority of tested antibiotics. The exception was ampicillin, resistance to which was observed in 27.7% isolates. Therefore, the relatively frequent occurrence of S. aureus could be attributed to persistent intramammary infections due to biofilm formation rather than low efficacy of particular antibiotics. PFGE analysis revealed clonal spread of certain S. aureus isolates within and between farms indicating that certain lineages of S. aureus mastitis strains
Positron emission tomographic analysis of cerebral structures activated specifically by repetitive noxious heat stimuli.

1. To identify the forebrain and brain stem structures that are active during the perception of acute heat pain in humans, we performed H2 15O positron emission tomographic (PET) analyses of cerebral blood flow (CBF) on nine normal volunteers while they received repetitive noxious (50 degrees C) and innocuous (40 degrees C) 5 s heat pulses to the forearm (average resting temperature of 31.8 degrees C). Each subject rated the subjective intensity of each stimulation series according to a magnitude estimation procedure in which 0 = no heat sensation, 7 = barely painful, and 10 = barely tolerable. 2. Three scans were performed at each temperature. Mean CBF images were created for each experimental condition and oriented onto standardized stereotaxic coordinates. Subtraction images were created between conditions for each subject and averaged across subjects. Volumes of interest (VOI) were chosen, based on a priori hypotheses and the results of previously published PET studies. In addition, a separate statistical summation analysis of individual voxels was performed. Statistical thresholds were established with corrections for multiple comparisons. 3. Significant CBF increases to 50 degrees C stimuli were found in the contralateral thalamus, cingulate cortex, S2 and S1 cortex, and insula. The ipsilateral S2 cortex and thalamus, and the medial dorsal midbrain and cerebellar vermis also showed significant CBF increases. All subjects rated the 50 degrees C stimuli as painful (average subjective rating = 8.9 +/- 0.9 SD) and the 40 degrees C stimuli as warm, but not painful (average subjective rating = 2.1 +/- 1.0). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
BLOOD PARASITEMIA IN A SOUTH TEXAS WINTERING WATERFOWL POPULATION 1

Eleven species of wintering waterfowl were trapped on the Welder Wildlife Foundation, San Patricio County, Texas, between October, 1976 and May, 1977. Blood films were made from 580 ducks. Leucocytozoon simondi, Haemoproteus nettionis, Plasmodium circumflexum, and a microfilaria were found in three species. These blood parasites occurred in 70 lesser scaups (Aythya affinis), 12 blue-winged teals (Anas discors), and 3 ring-necked ducks (Aythya collaris). There was no difference in the rates of infection between the sexes of the three host species. Adult blue-winged teal and lesser scaup were more heavily infected than juveniles. Juvenile ring-necked ducks had more parasites than adults. Blood parasites were found in 85 of 580 ducks (14.6%) throughout the wintering period.
The contribution of six chronic conditions to the total burden of mobility disability in the Dutch population.

OBJECTIVES This study assessed the proportions of the burden of mobility disability in the Dutch population that are attributable to musculoskeletal diseases, lung diseases, neurological disorders, heart diseases, diabetes, and cancer. METHODS National survey data were analyzed with an elimination technique that combines the results of logistic regression analysis and the disease prevalence. RESULTS Of the total prevalence of disability (20.5%), 33.7% can be attributed to these six chronic conditions. Musculoskeletal disorders account for the major part, whereas the contribution of cancer is very small. CONCLUSIONS The potential benefits of effective curative or preventive treatments for chronic conditions, in terms of reduction of the disability burden in the population, are limited.
Cocaine‐experienced rats exhibit learning deficits in a task sensitive to orbitofrontal cortex lesions

Addictive drugs, such as cocaine, cause long‐lasting neural changes in prefrontal cortex. It has been hypothesized that these changes affect the behavioural control mediated by orbitofrontal cortex. To test this hypothesis, rats were given injections of cocaine (30 mg/kg/d, i.p.) or vehicle for 14 days and then trained after a 2‐week withdrawal period in an odor discrimination task sensitive to the effects of orbitofrontal cortex lesions. We found that cocaine‐treated rats, who demonstrated long‐lasting sensitization to the locomotor activating effects of cocaine, failed to show normal changes in response latency during discrimination learning and were also slower than controls to acquire serial reversals. These behavioural impairments are identical to the effects of orbitofrontal cortex lesions in this task and show that cocaine exposure in rats can cause long‐lasting effects on orbitofrontal‐dependent functions. Notably, these effects were not correlated with increases in locomotor activity linked to cocaine‐induced psychomotor sensitization observed before or after training, suggesting that the brain changes underlying the behavioural effects in the discrimination task are different from those mediating psychomotor sensitization.
Singularities of piecewise linear mappings. I Mappings into the real line

In this note we consider piecewise linear mappings of combinatorial manifolds into the real line. We define—in a purely combinatorial way—a certain class of mappings called nondegenerate and we prove that every continuous mapping may be approximated by a nondegenerate one. Nondegenerate mappings on a combinatorial manifold behave like differentiable nondegenerate mappings on a differentiate manifold. In particular, the index of a singularity can be defined and one can prove the Morse inequalities and an analogue of the Reeb theorem about a function with only two nondegenerate singularities. The approximation theorem can also be extended to height functions on combinatorial submanifolds of Euclidean space. Detailed proofs will be published later. We give here descriptions of the singularities, a statement of the main theorems and a very brief sketch of the approximation theorem.
Prevalence of Urinary Incontinence in the 12-Month Postpartum Period and Related Risk Factors in Turkey

Aim: The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence in the 12-month postpartum period and the risk factors related to this condition. Methods: The research is a cross-sectional study of 1,749 first-year postpartum women living in the metropolis of Konya and presenting at seven city health centers. The statistical methods used were the χ2, the Student’s t test and logistic regression analysis. Results: Of the women in the study who were in their 12-month postpartum periods, 19.5% were experiencing varying degrees of urinary incontinence. While 42.2% of the women suffered from stress incontinence, 10.3% had urge incontinence, 47.5% complained of a mixed type of urinary incontinence, 7.3% reported leakage of urine during sexual intercourse and 14.4% reported the need to use protective pads. It was found that 12.3% of the women were performing pelvic floor muscle exercises and only 15.2% had consulted their doctors about urinary incontinence. Conclusion: It was seen that urinary incontinence is a serious health problem in the postpartum period, that it disrupts a woman’s daily activities, affects her sex life but that despite this, women do not receive needed medical assistance.
The New England Journal of Medicine Stroke Trials: What Do They Really Mean?

I n February 2013, theNew England Journal of Medicine published 3 bundled randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing intraarterial (IA) therapies with medical management for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). These included the Interventional Management of Stroke (IMS III), Mechanical Retrieval and Recanalization of Stroke Clots Using Embolectomy (MR RESCUE), and SYNTHESISExpansion trials. Before these results were published, the RCT evidence for IA interventions for the purposes of recanalizing large-vessel occlusions (LVO) was encouraging. In 1999, the Prolyse in Acute Cerebral Thromboembolism (PROACT) II trial demonstrated significantly improved outcomes at 90 days in those patients with LVO randomized to the IA prourokinase compared with those randomized to intravenous (IV) heparin only. Furthermore, the control arm from PROACT II demonstrated the devastating natural history of LVO when not treated: 75% dependency and 27% mortality at 90 days. The Japanese Middle Cerebral Artery Embolism Local Fibrinolytic Intervention Trial (MELT), an RCT comparing IA urokinase with medical management, showed a trend for improved outcomes in the IA arm; however, this trial was halted early after the approval of IV alteplase in Japan in 2005. Since these 2 trials were completed, a number of advancements in imaging, stroke triage, and endovascular devices have occurred, suggesting to many in the stroke community that more modern RCTs would definitively demonstrate overwhelming benefit of IA treatment in AIS, making IA therapies the standard-of-care treatment for LVO. This notion was further reinforced by the completion of 2 RCTs in 2012 comparing stentriever technologies with older-generation thrombectomy devices, which clearly demonstrated significantly improved revascularization with newer technologies. For these reasons, the publication of the 3RCTs in theNew England Journal of Medicine in 2013, all 3 of which failed to demonstrate benefit of IA therapies over medical management, was met with considerable disappointment among the stroke community. Although on cursory review these trials appear to discredit the use of IA therapies in AIS, in fact the trials not only provide evidence in support of contemporary practices at most stroke centers but also provide very valuable information on AIS study design going forward. These finer points have been the subject of numerous commentaries and are the emphasis of the remainder of this article. We begin by briefly examining each of the trials individually, and then we discuss important lessons learned from the recent AIS trials.
Ketamine and other N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists in the treatment of depression: a perspective review

Current pharmacotherapies for major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar depression (BDep) have a distinct lag of onset that can generate great distress and impairment in patients. Furthermore, as demonstrated by several real-world effectiveness trials, their efficacy is limited. All approved antidepressant medications for MDD primarily act through monoaminergic mechanisms, agonists or antagonists with varying affinities for serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine. The glutamate system has received much attention in recent years as an avenue for developing novel therapeutics. A single subanesthetic dose infusion of the noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist ketamine has been shown to have rapid and potent antidepressant effects in treatment-resistant MDD and BDep. In a reverse translational framework, ketamine’s clinical efficacy has inspired many preclinical studies to explore glutamatergic mechanisms of antidepressant action. These studies have revealed enhanced synaptic plasticity/synaptogenesis via numerous molecular and cellular mechanisms: release of local translational inhibition of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and secretion from dendritic spines, mammalian target of rapamycin activation and glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibition. Current efforts are focused on extending ketamine’s antidepressant efficacy, uncovering the neurobiological mechanisms responsible for ketamine’s antidepressant activity in biologically enriched subgroups, and identifying treatment response biomarkers to personalize antidepressant selection. Other NMDA receptor antagonists have been studied both preclinically and clinically, which have revealed relatively modest antidepressant effects compared with ketamine but potentially other favorable characteristics, for example, decreased dissociative or psychotomimetic effects; therefore, there is great interest in developing novel glutamatergic antidepressants with greater target specificity and/or decreased adverse effects.
Genetic variability at the TREX1 locus is not associated with natural resistance to HIV-1 infection

Three prime repair exonuclease 1 (TREX1) degrades excess HIV-1 DNA, thereby preventing recognition by innate immunity receptors and type I interferon responses. Analyses performed in two HIV-exposed seronegative (HESN) cohorts did not show any differences in TREX1 sequence, single nucleotide polymorphisms frequency, or expression in HESN compared to controls, suggesting that, despite its central role in the HIV-1 infection process, genetic diversity at TREX1 is not a major determinant of susceptibility to infection in humans.
Reproductive cycles of dominant calanoid copepods in the North Sea

The seasonal cycles of reproduction of the dominant copepods Acartia clausi, Temora longicornis, Centropages hamatus, C. typicus and Pseudocalanus spp. were studied at Helgoland Roads, southern North Sea. Egg production rate, clutch size, number of spawning females and pro- some length were compared with temperature and phytoplankton concentration. Female A. clausi, T. longicornis and Pseudocalanus spp. were present all year round. T. longicornis and Pseudocalanus spp. bred continuously throughout the year, although egg production rates and the proportion of spawning females were low in winter. A. clausi did not spawn between the end of September and the end of January. Female C. hamatus were absent from the water column from November to May, and C. typicus from February to August. As the latter 3 species spawn year round in warmer regions, low temperature inhibition of reproduction is suggested for Helgoland, where winter temperatures are below 0°C. Maximum egg production was observed in all species, except the late-arriving C. typicus, in April/May, when females were largest. Significant correlations were only obtained between clutch size or egg production rate and prosome length, which in turn was correlated with temperature. It is therefore concluded that for Helgoland waters temperature controlled egg production by its effect on prosome length, and that food conditions were not limiting.