Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supercritical fluid extraction of bioactive compounds from berry seeds

Industrial processing of berries into food and beverages generates seeds as a by-product. Most of these seeds are treated as waste even though they contain valuable biological compounds. An approach to adding value to the process is to extract these compounds from the seeds. The aim of this study was to investigate the yield and chemical composition of oils obtained by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) from cloudberry, black currant, and bilberry seeds. The extractions were carried out at different pressures (200–500 bar) and temperatures (40°–80°C). Hexane extraction was performed as a reference. The berry seed matrices had significant impacts on the extraction efficiency. As black currant seeds have small cells, the milling step resulted in smaller particles with larger surface area, thereby favouring the extraction. The increase in pressure at the same temperature enhanced the supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) density, resulting in higher extraction yields. Increasing the temperature at 350 bar resulted in the higher levels of vitamin E and carotenoids in the recovered cloudberry and bilberry seed oils. The opposite effect was observed for black currants, due to differences in the seed matrix. The fatty acid composition of black currant seed oil, which includes stearidonic and γ-linolenic acid, suggests that this oil is a good source of polyunsaturated fatty acid. The low ω6/ω3 ratios (1.0–1.3) of cloudberry and black currant seed oils indicate that these oils could be interesting alternatives to fish oil supplements. In addition, the high levels of vitamin E seen in these oils suggest protection against lipid oxidation.
Measurements with a redesigned 3D-PTV system in natural and mixed convection

The paper reports on the application of scientific CMOS cameras and high power LED light sources for three-dimensional particle tracking in large enclosures. An open source software is adapted to work with 16 bit grey value images. As fixed thresholds pointed out to be inappropiate for particle detection in 16 bit images due to temporal and spatial brightness variations in large fileds of view a method has been implemented to select a threshold based on the histogram of an image or image area. The redesigned system has so far been used for investigations in two experimental facilities. The settings and methods as well as an extract of the results are presented in the following.
Environmental enrichment and prior experience of live prey improve foraging behaviour in hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon

Atlantic salmon salmo salar L. parr were reared for 3 months under standard hatchery conditions or in a structurally enriched tank (containing plants, rocks and novel objects). Half of each of these fish had prior exposure to live prey in the form of live bloodworm while the other half were fed hatchery-pellets. After 12 days all fish were tested on a novel live prey item (brine shrimp). A significant interaction between the two factors (prior exposure to live prey and rearing condition) revealed that foraging performance was only enhanced in fish that had been reared in a complex environment and exposed to live prey. It appears that the ability to generalize from one live prey type to another is only enhanced in fish that had been reared in an enriched environment. The findings support the assertion that the provision of enriched environments in combination with exposure to live prey prior to release may significantly improve the post-release survival rates of hatchery-reared fishes. As both the environmental enrichment and the prior foraging experience procedures were comparatively simple, the provision of such pre-release experiences are likely to prove cost effective to hatcheries.
Energy performance and economic evaluation of heat pump/organic rankine cycle system with sensible thermal storage

The interaction between electrical and thermal energy demands represent a potential area for balancing supply and demand that could contribute to the integration of intermittent renewables in energy systems. To enable the interaction between thermal and electric energy, an innovative concept that consists of a ground-source heat pump with possibility of reversing operation as an ORC power cycle combined with solar heating in a single-family building is introduced. The ORC mode enables the use of solar energy in periods of no heat energy demand and reverses the heat pump cycle to supply electrical power. This paper combines a dynamic model based on empirical data of the HP/ORC system with lessons learned from 140 heat pump installations operating in real-life conditions in a cold climate. These installations were monitored for a period up to 5 years. Based on the aforementioned model and real-life conditions knowledge, the paper considers two different sensible energy storage (TES) configurations for the reversible heat pump/organic Rankine cycle (HP/ORC) system: a buffer tank for both space heating and domestic hot water and a hot water storage tank used exclusively for domestic hot water. The results with the two different configurations are simulated in the Modelica language and compared in terms of energy shift potential in order to optimize RES integration, as well as the economic feasibility of the system in a cold climate.
Influence of film composition in Co2MnSi electrodes on tunnel magnetoresistance characteristics of Co2MnSi/MgO/Co2MnSi magnetic tunnel junctions

Fully epitaxial Co 2 MnSi (CMS)/MgO/CMS magnetic tunnel junctions(MTJs) with various values of Mn composition α in Co 2 Mn α Si electrodes were fabricated and the influence of α on the tunnel magnetoresistance(TMR) characteristics of these MTJs was investigated. MTJs with Mn-rich CMS electrodes showed TMR ratios, up to 1135% at 4.2 K and 236% at room temperature for α = 1.29 , exceeding those of MTJs with CMS electrodes having an almost stoichiometric composition. A possible origin of the higher TMR ratios for α beyond 1.0 is a decreased density of gap states existing around the Fermi level in the half-metal gap caused by the suppression of Co Mn antisites, where a Mn site is replaced by a Co atom, for Mn-rich CMS electrodes.
Conservation of Primula farinosa in Poland with respect to the genetic structure of populations

The bird’s-eye primrose (Primula farinosa L.) is an endangered species in Poland. The sole remaining, and critically endangered, population of approximately 300 flowering plants is located in the Beskid Sądecki Mountains (Jaworki, Poland). The genetic investigation was performed using highly variable microsatellite markers on a total of four populations: the Polish population and its three nearest known Slovak counterparts. We hypothesize that the Polish population is a relic of the previously much wider Central European mountain/lowland range and is thus genetically distinct from the rest of the Slovak stock. Clarification of this issue is needed before active protection interventions such as artificial supplementation can be carried out. Our results, particularly those from STRUCTURE Bayesian clustering, showed clear population structure within the dataset: all three Slovak populations were dominated by one genetic group, while the Polish population comprised mostly individuals dominated by the second genetic group. Only limited gene flow was observed between the Polish and Slovak populations. This demonstrates the distinct genetic makeup of the Jaworki population, which is probably the result of prolonged isolation from the rest of the P. farinosa range and admixture of genes from various lineages. Their origin could be determined by including plant material from the rest of the P. farinosa range, i.e., Scandinavian, Baltic, and Alpine/Carpathian locations, in a future study. The immediate practical application of our results is the recommendation that all supplementation interventions to the Jaworki population must be limited to plants produced from locally collected seeds.
Automimicry and the evolution of discrete prey defences

We consider the neglected question of how secondary defences of prey animals evolve if they are discontinuous in nature, being either present or absent, or expressible over a limited number of levels. We present a novel computer model that evaluates the conditions in which defended mutant prey may (1) fail to rise above nontrivial levels within a population, (2) reach values close to fixation, or (3) find some evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) frequency between these two situations. Undefended prey that coexist with defended conspecifics are known as automimics. One finding is that automimicry can be an ESS over a range of conditions, but especially when prey are relatively cryptic and secondary defences are very effective at deterring predation. Evolutionarily stable automimicry emerges from the interplay between the direct benefits of costly defences in surviving individual attacks by predators and frequency-dependent benefits conferred on all prey, from a reduction in the rate of attack on all identical-looking prey. When, in contrast, secondary defences have continuous variation, the result is effectively a monomorphic state of defence across the population. Thus the degree and kind of variation that a defence takes has a profound effect on its initial evolution. We discuss the interesting possibility that mixed ESSs may help explain some examples of variation in prey secondary defences. © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2006, 87, 393–402.
LRV: A Tool for Academic Text Visualization to Support the Literature Review Process

: Text visualization is concerned with the representation of text in a graphical form to facilitate comprehension of large textual data. Its aim is to improve the ability to understand and utilize the wealth of text-based information available. An essential task in any scientific research is the study and review of previous works in the specified domain, a process that is referred to as the literature survey process. This process involves the identification of prior work and evaluating its relevance to the research question. With the enormous number of published studies available online in digital form, this becomes a cumbersome task for the researcher. This paper presents the design and implementation of a tool that aims to facilitate this process by identifying relevant work and suggesting clusters of articles by conceptual modeling, thus providing different options that enable the researcher to visualize a large number of articles in a graphical easy-to-analyze form. The tool helps the researcher in analyzing and synthesizing the literature and building a conceptual understanding of the designated research area. The evaluation of the tool shows that researchers have found it useful and that it supported the process of relevant work analysis given a specific research question, and 70% of the evaluators of the tool found it very useful.
Influence of the Frontal Systems on the Day-to-Day Convection Variability over South America

Abstract Cold cloud-top fractions derived from International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project images and latitude– time diagrams are used to study the interaction of frontal systems with tropical convection over South America (SA). An 11-yr climatology for three frequent types of frontal system–tropical convection interaction is built, and the associated day-to-day convection variability is described using satellite images, complex principal components, and wavelet transforms. Type 1 is frequent throughout the year, especially in austral summer, and is characterized by the penetration of a cold front in subtropical SA that interacts with tropical convection and moves with it into lower tropical latitudes. Type 2 is also more frequent in austral summer and is characterized by Amazon convection and enhancement of a quasi-stationary northwest–southeast-oriented band of convection extending from the Amazon basin to subtropical SA along the passage of a cold front in the subtropics. When the type 2 pattern .
Strengthened of AES Encryption Algorithms within New Logic Topology

Side-channel attacks are considered to be the most important problems of modern digital security systems. Today, Differential Power Attack (DPA) is one of the most powerful tools for attacking hardware encryption algorithms in order to discover the correct key of the system. In this work, a new scheme based on randomizing power consumption of a fixed-operation logic gate is proposed. The goal of this method is enhancing the immunity of AES algorithm against DPA. Having a novel topology to randomize the power consumption of each Exclusive-NOR gate, the proposed circuit causes random changes in the overall power consumption of the steps of the algorithm; thus, the correlation between the instantaneous power consumption and the correct key is decreased and the immunity of the AES implementations which the key is injected into their process through Exclusive-NOR gates is extremely increased. The proposed method can be used as a general hardening method in the majority of cryptographic algorithms. The results of theoretical analysis and simulations in 90-nm technology demonstrate the capability of the proposed circuits to strengthen AES against DPA. The CMOS area and power consumption overhead is less than 1%.
RELIGIOUS LEADERS PERSPECTIVE ON THE EFFECTS OF ‘HITTING THE BOTTLE HARD’ AMONGST THE YOUTH IN MUSINA TOWN, LIMPOPO PROVINCE

Binge drinking has enormous effects on the youth and the hardships reverberates beyond an individual, felt by family and community at large. There are numerous effects that are associated with excessive drinking including, risky sexual behaviour, increased risk of sexual transmitted diseases and socio-economic challenges. Therefore, this study aimed as exploring and describing the effects of hitting the bottle hard amongst the youth in Musina Town in Limpopo province. The researchers used qualitative research approach to explore the effects of alcohol abuse. The type of research used was a mixture of exploratory and descriptive in nature. In particular, multiple case study design was used. The study constituted of church leaders and they were purposively chosen because they are custodians of moral values and conducts which abhor excessive use of alcohol within their communities. Besides purposeful chosen, their availability and convenience were considered. Data was collected through structured interviews and thematic data analysis method was used. Ecosystems theory was used to guide the study. It was discovered that those who hit the bottle hard are at risk of unsafe sexual intercourse, workplace absenteeism and neglect their family responsibility and involve themselves in unlawful acts. As such, the study conclude that youth experience tremendous effects after they intoxicate themselves and therefore, this study recommends that the programmes and services targeting young people should be developed and be contextualised as per their needs.
Improved associated conditions in rapid intensifications of tropical cyclones

Rapid intensification (RI) of tropical cyclones (TC) is a major error source in TC intensity forecasting. In order to improve the estimates of RI probability, association rules are used to facilitate the process of mining for candidate sets of conditions. Compared to the relation analysis method, the technique of association rules can simply explore associations among multiple conditions. Our mining results identified a reduced predictor set with fewer factors identified in previous studies but improved RI probabilities. That is, the RI probability with three conditions satisfied: low vertical shear, high humidity, and the TC being in an intensification phase is higher than that with five satisfied conditions including high sea surface temperature and an intensity far away from the maximum potential intensity in addition to the above three.
New-Media Screen Time Is Not (Necessarily) Linked to Depression: Comments on Twenge, Joiner, Rogers, and Martin (2018)

In this commentary, we raise seven methodological concerns regarding Twenge, Joiner, Rogers, and Martin (2018), among which are inaccurate research measurements, negligible correlations between the main variables, insufficient and inadequate statistical analyses, and problematic interpretation of the results. In fact, the negligible associations between screen activities and depression, their decrease when demographic variables are controlled, and their fading away to nil among boys challenge the article’s title and conclusions, according to which increases in depressive symptoms are attributed to increases in new-media screen use. This conclusion cannot be deduced from the reported results and could be misleading to the general public.
Environmental and spatial assessment of urban heat islands in Qalyubia Governorate, Egypt

Urban encroachment has some negative impacts on the global environment, including air quality, temperature increases and landscape change. It also leads to agricultural land area decrease and loss of biodiversity (Santamouris et al., 2001, Shalaby and Moghanm, 2015). The elevation of surface air temperature is considered as the most obvious change in the climate (Jones et al., 1986) which causes an increase in the death rate in humans (Hajat et al., 2010) as at high temperatures the central nervous thermoregulatory system of the human body fails to operate (Jay and Kenny, 2010). In general, in urban environments, the temperature is observed to be higher in comparison to that at T present study is the first attempt to map Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) and assess the associated environmental characteristics in Qalyubia Governorate using remote sensing and GIS integrated with a field survey. A calibrated Landsat Operational Land Imager (OLI) acquired on July 22, 2018 was processed to calculate Land Surface Temperature (LST) and UHIs as well as to evaluate the environmental conditions through calculating the Land Use Land Cover (LULC) and the spectral retrieved indices. The investigated indices include Normalized Difference Built-Up Index (NDBI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), Normalized Difference Salinity Index (NDSI) and Normalized Difference Moisture Index (NDMI). Likewise, multispectral algorithm model was applied on the landsat calibrated image for mapping Particulate Matter of diameters lower than 10 micrometer (PM10) and characterizing its levels in the UHIs. The results demonstrated that the mean LST of each LULC class in Qalyubia Governorate followed this order; bare lands > urban > vegetation > water bodies. Most of bare land and built-up areas exist as heat island regions. The total area of UHIs was 397.5 km 2; 119.8 km2 as bare land (30.2%), 201.2 km2 as built-up (50.6%), 0.2 km2 as water (0.05%) and 76.3 km2 as vegetation (19.2%). Low mean values of NDVI and MNDWI were observed in association with UHIs regions which confirmed the positive impact of green cover and water bodies in eliminating UHIs phenomena. On other hand, NDBI showed high mean level in UHIs comparing to its levels in the study area. The average value of PM10 over UHI (94.26 μg/m 3) was more than that in the study area (81.07 μg/m3). It can be concluded that the decrease in green spaces and water bodies as well as the increase in urban density lead to increasing the intensity and widespread of UHIs phenomenon. Therefore, the study recommends the necessity to consider results of the present study for urban designers, planners, and architects in designing and planning urban communities.
Applicability of cryoconite consortia of microorganisms and glacier-dwelling animals in astrobiological studies

Abstract For several years it has been of interest to astrobiologists to focus on Earth’s glaciers as a habitat that can be similar to glaciers on other moons and planets. Microorganisms on glaciers form consortia – cryoconite granules (cryoconites). They are granular/spherical mineral particles connected with archaea, cyanobacteria, heterotrophic bacteria, algae, fungi, and micro animals (mainly Tardigrada and Rotifera). Cryophilic organisms inhabiting glaciers have been studied in different aspects: from taxonomy, ecology and biogeography, to searching of biotechnological potentials and physiological strategies to survive in extreme glacial habitats. However, they have never been used in astrobiological experiments. The main aim of this paper is brief review of literature and supporting assumptions that cryoconite granules and microinvertebrates on glaciers, are promising models in astrobiology for looking for analogies and survival strategies in terms of icy planets and moons. So far, astrobiological research have been conducted on single strains of prokaryotes or microinvertebrates but never on a consortium of them. Due to the hypothetical similarity of glaciers on the Earth to those on other planets these cryoconites consortia of microorganisms and glacier microinvertebrates may be applied in astrobiological experiments instead of the limno-terrestrial ones used currently. Those consortia and animals have qualities to use them in such studies and they may be the key to understanding how organisms are able to survive, reproduce and remain active at low temperatures.
Measurement of 8-Methoxypsoralen concentration using fluorescence

Measurement of 8-Methoxypsoralen Concentration Using Fluorescence Scott D. Robinson, M.S. Oregon Graduate Institute of Science & Technology, 1995 Supervising Professor: Scott Prahl A new method of measuring the level of 8-methoxypsoralen in blood serum was developed for the reasons of speed, accuracy, and cost. This new method uses laser induced fluorescence of the psoralen to determine the concentration in serum. The fluorescence is analyzed with an optical multichannel analyzer coupled to an intensified photodiode array detector. Research was first attempted on samples with ethanol as the solvent to confirm that the method would work. Sample concentrations of 8-methoxypsoralen in serum are determined by comparing the fluorescence signal obtained from previously known concentrations. Levels down to 200 ng per milliliter of serum can be measured with this technique.
INFINITELY MANY REGULAR SUBNORMAL BINARY HERMITIAN LATTICES OVER IMAGINARY QUADRATIC FIELDS

Abstract. Finiteness of regular normal binary Hermitian lattices areknown in several articles. In this article, we point out that there arein nitely many imaginary quadratic elds that admit a regular subnormalbinary Hermitian lattice. 1. IntroductionLet Q(p m) be an imaginary quadratic eld with Q-involution and Obe thering of integers in Q(p m) with a positive square-free integer m. A Hermitianspace V is a vector space over Q(p m) with a Hermitian map H : V V ! Q(p m). A Hermitian lattice L is de ned as a nitely generated O-modulein the Hermitian space (V;H) over Q(p m). If a = H(v;v) for some v 2L,we say that a is represented by L. For brevity, we write H(v) = H(v;v) forv 2V.The lattice can be written asL = A 1 v 1 + A 2 v 2 + + A n v n with ideals A i ˆOand vectors v i 2V. The norm ideal nL of L is an O-idealgenerated by the set fH(v)jv 2Lg. The scale ideal sL of L is an O-idealgenerated by the set fH(v;w)jv;w 2Lg. It is clear that nL sL. If nL = sL,then we call L normal. Otherwise, we call L subnormal. If sL O, then we callL integral. We call a Hermitian lattice L primitive if the scaled lattice L
CONSTRUCTION AND VALIDATION OF WORKING MEMORY SCALE

The principle objective of the study is to standardize the working memory scale and find out its reliability and content validity. Actually the tool has been administered by the investigator individually to 50 adolescents. Alpha reliability and reliability by test-retest method were found out and content validity was also accessed by giving the assessment for content validity to 25 experts in the field of educational psychology. The reliability values of alpha and test-retest method are 0.8270, 0.764 respectively and content validity values is 0.874.