Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Attachment style and schema as predictors of social functioning in youth with borderline features

Theorized associations between adverse attachment experience, maladaptive core schema (EMS) and the interpersonal dysfunction seen as characteristic of borderline personality disorder were investigated in two groups of outpatient youth aged between 15 and 25 years. Patients with sub-syndromal (meeting at least 3 DSM-IV criteria) and full syndrome BPD (n = 30) and patients with major depressive disorder completed self-report measures of adult attachment style, EMS and interpersonal functioning. Results for both groups indicated a level of disadvantage for each of the domains assessed. Contrary to prediction, mean scores for the two groups did not differ for anxious or avoidant attachment style or for 13 or the 15 EMS assessed. BPD participants scored at a significantly higher level for the Mistrust/abuse and Entitlement schema. Consistent with results reported for adult samples, the BDP group acknowledged a predominantly anxious attachment style, a wide range of EMS and poor interpersonal functioning. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses undertaken for each EMS domain in turn indicated that an anxious attachment style and endorsement of the Social Isolation EMS were the strongest predictors of social functioning. Against, prediction, there was limited evidence supporting the specificity of theorized relationships between BPD diagnosis and attachment style and prominence of Disconnection and Rejection domain EMS. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Review on Optimization in Web Page Classification.

A B S T R A C T The rapid development of the internet and web publishing techniques create numerous information sources published as HTML pages on World Wide Web. WWW is now a popular medium by which people all around the world can spread and gather the information of all kinds. But web pages of various sites that are generated dynamically contain undesired information also. This information is called noisy or irrelevant content. The need for innovative and effective technologies to help find and use the useful information and knowledge from a large variety of data sources is continually increasing. Web information has become increasingly diverse. In order to utilize the Web information better, people pursue the latest technology, which can effectively organize and use online information. Classification is one of the vital and important data mining techniques that grouped various items in a collection to predefined classes or groups. The main goal of classification is to exactly predict the target class for each case in the data. Web Page Classification is technique of data mining to discover classification of web pages. The information providers on the web will be interested in techniques that could improve the effectiveness of the web search engine. In this paper, the relationships among the techniques used in data mining are studied. A study of web usage is also done on optimization of this web classification.
Modeling of Hot Carrier induced substrate current and degradation in triple gate bulk FinFETs

In this paper, the Hot Carrier Injection (HCI) characteristic for a triple gate bulk FinFET is investigated through modeling the HCI generated substrate current, electric field distribution and the maximum electric field near the drain region. Then an analytical model for HCI induced trap generation and degradation in this structure is presented. The model is obtained by solving the Reaction-Diffusion equations multi-dimensionally. The geometry dependence of the time-exponent of HCI degradation in this structure is modeled in the framework. The accuracy of the models is verified using experimental results.
Spontaneous IR duplications generated at mitosis in Aspergillus nidulans: further evidence of a preferential site of transposed attachment.

A radiation-induced translocation, T(IIR----IIIL), has been shown to be nonreciprocal and to have most of IIR, including its terminus, attached uninverted to the terminus of IIIL. --Progeny with the IIR segment in duplicate, obtained from crosses of T(IIR----IIIL) to strains with a standard genome, were unstable at mitosis; like earlier duplication strains, they suffered deletions from either duplicate segment. Frequent mitotic crossing over occurred between the duplicate IIR segments so that, following deletions, more than two classes of stable, balanced products arose from each heterozygous duplication strain. -- Spontaneous, mitotically arising duplications of the IR segment, bearing the rate-limiting adE20 allele, can be selected on adenine-free medium on which they emerge as vigorous sectors from the stunted adE20 colony. It was shown previously that most such duplications, when selected from a strain with standard genome, had the terminal IR segment attached to the end of IIR. Selection has now been made from an adE20 strain carrying T(IIR----IIIL), and seven of the 13 independent IR duplications were linked to the III-IIR translocation complex. In three strains analyzed further, the duplicate IR segments, which included the IR terminus, were attached uninverted to the terminus of IIR; the segments of IR were of approximately equal genetic length. --This supports earlier suggestions that there is a preferential site for the initiation of IR duplications and a preferential site, the IIR terminus, for their attachment.
RNA aptamers selected to bind human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Rev in vitro are Rev responsive in vivo

RNA aptamers (binding sequences) that can interact tightly and specifically with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Rev protein have previously been selected from random sequence pools. Although the selected sequences compete with the wild-type Rev-binding element (RBE) in vitro, it was not known whether they would be able to functionally replace the RBE in vivo. Two aptamers that were different from the wild-type RBE in terms of both primary sequence and secondary structure were inserted into the full-length Rev-responsive element (RRE) in place of the RBE. The hybrid RREs were assayed for their ability to mediate Rev function in vivo using a reporter system. The aptamers were found to be functionally equivalent to the wild-type element when the assay system was saturated with Rev and better than the wild-type element when Rev was limiting. These results demonstrate that the affinity of the primary Rev-binding element rather than its particular sequence may be most responsible for conferring Rev responsiveness on viral mRNAs. Moreover, the fact that increased binding ability can lead to increased Rev responsiveness suggests that cellular factors do not directly influence the Rev:RBE interaction. Finally, since sequences distinct from the RBE are found to be Rev responsive, it may be possible for the RBE to readily mutate in response to drugs or gene therapy reagents that target the Rev:RBE interaction.
Visual and Tactile Assessment of Arrested Initial Enamel Carious Lesions: An in vivo Pilot Study

Accurate and reliable assessment of caries activity is important for determining appropriate treatment needs. The aim of this pilot study was to determine whether dentists could differentiate between the appearances (visual and tactile) of lesions inactivated by regular professional oral hygiene and those control lesions which were not cleaned (active). After a 3- to 4-week study period involving 10 children, with 4 similar carious lesions each, it was found that dentists were not able to reliably and reproducibly determine the subtle visual and tactile differences between active and inactive enamel lesions from a one-off clinical examination.
Evaluation of experimental conditions for quantification of LT produced by human derived enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains

The heat-labile toxin (LT) is a key virulence-associated factor associated with the non-invasive secretory diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains either in humans or domestic animals. Several LT detection methods have been reported but quantification of the toxin produced by wild-type ETEC strains is usually performed by the GM1 ganglyoside enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (GM1 ELISA). In this study we conducted the optimization of an alternative LT-quantification method, the antibody-capture ELISA (cELISA). Detailed analysis of the appropriate dilutions of capture and detecting LT-specific antibodies significantly improved the sensitivity of the method. Additionally, testing of different LT extraction techniques indicated that sonic disruption of the bacterial cells enhanced LT recovery yields, in contrast to the usual procedure based on addition of polymyxin B to the culture medium as well as extraction methods based on chloroform or Triton X-100. Moreover, the present data indicate that performance of the LT extraction method based on polymyxin B treatment can vary among wild ETEC strains.
InsP3R, the calcium whisperer: Maintaining mitochondrial function in cancer

ABSTRACT Mitochondrial metabolism is essential to fulfill the large demand for macromolecule biosynthesis in cancer. We recently identified low-level InsP3R-mediated Ca2+ transfer to mitochondria as an unexpected requirement for mitochondrial function. Here we reveal that its absence specifically targets cancer cells and causes necrosis at daughter cell separation during ongoing proliferation.
Cold unfolding of β‐hairpins: A molecular‐level rationalization

Isolated β‐hairpins in water have a temperature dependence of their conformational stability qualitatively resembling that of globular proteins, showing both cold and hot unfolding transitions. It is shown that a molecular‐level rationalization of this cold unfolding can be provided extending the approach devised for globular proteins (Graziano G. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:14245‐14252). The decrease in the solvent‐excluded volume upon folding, measured by the decrease in the solvent accessible surface area, produces a gain in configurational/translational entropy of water molecules that is the main stabilizing contribution of the folded conformation. This always stabilizing Gibbs energy contribution has a parabolic‐like temperature dependence in water and is exactly counterbalanced at two temperatures (i.e., the cold and hot unfolding temperatures) by the always destabilizing Gibbs energy contribution due to the loss in conformational degrees of freedom of the peptide chain. Proteins 2011; © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Towards a Seismic Microzonation of Concepción Urban area based on Microtremors , Surface Geology , and Damage observed after the Maule 2010 earthquake . First Results

We perform microtremors measurements at the city of Concepción and compute the predominant frequency using horizontal-tovertical spectral ratio (HVSR). We compare these results with the surface geology and several geothecnical surveys existing in the region, enabling a general characterization of the area. We present and complement these results with observations of damage produce by the Mw 8.8 Maule earthquake. Preliminary results show the presence of fine-grained materials in the area characterized by very low predominant frequency (lower than 1.5 Hz), which might explain the extensive damage observed.
Phenomena That Occur in the Centrifuged Eggs of the Silkworm Bombyx mori L.

S Splied the material for what may be considered the first investigations on fertilization: the artificial parthenogenesis of silkworm eggs attempted by Tichomiroff (1885). The eggs of the silkworm of univoltine races and of the last annual generation of bivoltine races have a short period of development after being laid (2-5 days, according to the temperature); thereafter the eggs experience a period of morphological inactivity, called "diapause," which lasts for some months in the cold season. During this period the eggs present the following structure, from the outside toward the interior: (i) the chorion, which surrounds the entire egg and is
Prevalence, heritability, and prospective risk factors for anorexia nervosa.

CONTEXT Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious mental illness with marked morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE To explore the prevalence, heritability, and prospectively assessed risk factors for AN in a large population-based cohort of Swedish twins. DESIGN During a 4-year period ending in 2002, all living, contactable, interviewable, and consenting twins in the Swedish Twin Registry (N = 31 406) born between January 1, 1935, and December 31, 1958, underwent screening for a range of disorders, including AN. Information collected systematically in 1972 to 1973, before the onset of AN, was used to examine prospective risk factors for AN. SETTING Population-based sample of twins in Sweden. PARTICIPANTS Cases of AN were identified as those individuals who met full DSM-IV criteria by means of clinical interview of the Swedish Twin Registry, who had a hospital discharge diagnosis of AN, or who had a cause-of-death certificate including an AN diagnosis. RESULTS The overall prevalence of AN was 1.20% and 0.29% for female and male participants, respectively. The prevalence of AN in both sexes was greater among those born after 1945. Individuals with lifetime AN reported lower body mass index, greater physical activity, and better health satisfaction than those without lifetime AN. Anorexia nervosa was inversely associated with the development of overweight (odds ratio, 0.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.16-0.54 [P<.001]). The heritability of narrowly defined DSM-IV AN (additive genetic effects) was estimated to be a(2) = 0.56 (95% CI, 0.00-0.87), with the remaining variance attributable to shared environment (c(2) = 0.05; 95% CI, 0.00-0.64) and unique environment (e(2) = 0.38; 95% CI, 0.13-0.84). Neuroticism measured about 3 decades before the diagnostic assessment was significantly associated with the development of later AN (odds ratio, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.27-2.05 [P<.001]). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of AN was higher in both male and female participants born after 1945. Individuals who survive AN and who no longer have body mass indexes in the AN range appear to be at lower risk for the development of overweight. Prospectively assessed neuroticism was associated with the subsequent development of AN, the liability to which is under considerable genetic influence.
Neglected tropical cardiomyopathies: II. Endomyocardial fibrosis

Endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) was described as a distinct clinicopathological entity in 1948 in Uganda.w1 Initially several terms were used to describe the disease. These included tropical endomyocardial disease, endocarditis parietalis fibroplastica, endocardial fibrosis, constrictive endocarditis and endocardial fibroelastose. EMF is thought to be the most common type of restrictive cardiomyopathy worldwide.1 Although most studies have been reported from Uganda, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Brazil and India, the disease has been occasionally encountered outside the tropics.2 Geographic distribution of EMF is not uniform both in Africa and Asia.3 4 In the endemic areas of Africa, EMF is the second cause of admission for acquired cardiovascular disease in children and young adults, after rheumatic heart disease,5 w2 accounting for up to 20% of all causes of heart failure. To date our knowledge of the prevalence of the disease is derived from hospital based studies with absence of data from systematic studies in the community. EMF affects predominantly children and adolescents, usually from low socioeconomic background. More than half the cases are seen in the first decade of life. Male preponderance was found in Kerala and Nigeria, while female preponderance has been described in Brazil and Uganda. A bimodal age distribution has been reported in some studies.5 w3 The aetiology of EMF remains unknown. Several hypotheses have been proposed and explored including cardiotoxicity of the eosinophil, infectious agents, autoimmune processes, genetic predisposition, ethnicity, diet, climate and poverty. ### Hypereosinophilia EMF appears to share some pathogenic mechanisms with the hypereosinophilic syndromes, which comprise a heterogenous group of disorders characterised by peripheral eosinophilia for at least 6 months and end organ damage related to eosinophil infiltrations. These syndromes have been classified as idiopathic, clonal and reactive. The similarity of mechanisms responsible for EMF and the hypereosinophilic syndromes could have exciting therapeutic implications. …
The lambda sign at 10–14 weeks of gestation as a predictor of chorionicity in twin pregnancies

Chorionicity was prospectively determined in 369 twin pregnancies by ultrasound at 10–14 weeks of gestation. Pregnancies were classified as monochorionic if there was a single placental mass in the absence of the lambda sign at the inter‐twin membrane‐placental junction, and dichorionic if there was a single placental mass but the lambda sign was present, or the placentas were not adjacent to each other. In 81 (22%) cases, the pregnancies were classified as monochorionic and in 288 (78%) as dichorionic. Pregnancy outcome was available in 279 cases and all 63 of these pregnancies classified as monochorionic resulted in the delivery of same‐sex twins. Similarly, all 100 different‐sex pairs were correctly classified as dichorionic. These findings demonstrate the high reliability of ultrasound examination at 10–14 weeks of gestation in determining chorionicity in twin pregnancies. Copyright © 1996 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Size-Dependent Retention Time in NiO-Based Resistive-Switching Memories

NiO-based resistive-switching memory (RRAM) is a promising new technology for high-density nonvolatile storage. The main obstacles to practical application are the large and hardly scalable reset (programming) current and the reliability at high temperature. This letter studies temperature-accelerated data retention in RRAM cells from both experimental and theoretical standpoints, addressing the size/nature of the conductive filament and clarifying the tradeoff between data retention and reset current.
Constraints on Anaerobic Respiration in the Hyperthermophilic Archaea Pyrobaculum islandicum and Pyrobaculum aerophilum

ABSTRACT Pyrobaculum islandicum uses iron, thiosulfate, and elemental sulfur for anaerobic respiration, while Pyrobaculum aerophilum uses iron and nitrate; however, the constraints on these processes and their physiological mechanisms for iron and sulfur reduction are not well understood. Growth rates on sulfur compounds are highest at pH 5 to 6 and highly reduced (<−420-mV) conditions, while growth rates on nitrate and iron are highest at pH 7 to 9 and more-oxidized (>−210-mV) conditions. Growth on iron expands the known pH range of growth for both organisms. P. islandicum differs from P. aerophilum in that it requires direct contact with insoluble iron oxide for growth, it did not produce any extracellular compounds when grown on insoluble iron, and it lacked 2,6-anthrahydroquinone disulfonate oxidase activity. Furthermore, iron reduction in P. islandicum appears to be completely independent of c-type cytochromes. Like that in P. aerophilum, NADH-dependent ferric reductase activity in P. islandicum increased significantly in iron-grown cultures relative to that in non-iron-grown cultures. Proteomic analyses showed that there were significant increases in the amounts of a putative membrane-bound thiosulfate reductase in P. islandicum cultures grown on thiosulfate relative to those in cultures grown on iron and elemental sulfur. This is the first evidence of this enzyme being used in either a hyperthermophile or an archaeon. Pyrobaculum arsenaticum and Pyrobaculum calidifontis also grew on Fe(III) citrate and insoluble iron oxide, but only P. arsenaticum could grow on insoluble iron without direct contact.
'Medial defects' in the prenatal human cerebral arteries: an electron microscopic study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Fine structural studies were performed to investigate the histogenesis of human intracranial arteries. Special attention was paid to whether "medial defects" exist in these arteries. METHODS Segments of the intracranial extracerebral arteries of normal human embryos (n=6) were examined with transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Focal defects of the medial smooth muscle cells were disclosed at every bifurcation of the developing arteries. This configuration persisted until the arteries obtained enough muscle coat. These areas, in which an absence of medial smooth muscle cells (ie, a medial defect) existed, were occupied by fibrous connective tissues of elastin and collagen. CONCLUSIONS The medial defect observed at the arterial bifurcation of the embryos seems to be a development process that accompanies human ontogenesis rather than a congenital anomaly, supporting a possible pathogenesis for intracranial saccular aneurysms.
CD4 Cells in HIV-1 Infected Hemophiliacs: Effect of Factor VIII Concentrates

Summary The goal of this study was to determine the long-term clinical outcome of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection in a group of HIV-seropositive hemophiliacs for whom the dates of seroconversion were known and to investigate whether the use of monoclonal antibody purified factor (high purity) concentrate and treatment with zidovudine may alter the effect of HIV infection in seropositive hemophiliacs. Twenty-eight hemophiliacs were followed for up to 9 years after seroconversion. In addition, 13 seropositive patients who elected to receive (high purity) factor VIII concentrate for up to 1.5 years were compared to a contemporaneous concurrent control group of 8 seropositive patients treated with intermediate purity factor VIII concentrate, and then both groups were followed for an additional 1.5 years while receiving zidovudine. The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) developed in 9 of 28 patients (33%) from 1 to 9 years following seroconversion. CD4 cell count declined at a rate of 13.5% per year for the cohort but for persons 25 years and above the rate was significantly higher (17.5 ± 9.2% per year vs. 9.5 ± 4.7%, mean ± SD, p <0.05) than in those under 25. All three patients who had undergone splenectomy developed AIDS. Subjects treated with high purity concentrates, with the exception of one patient who developed the nephrotic syndrome secondary to amyloidosis, had stable CD4 cell counts. On the other hand, all patients receiving intermediate purity concentrates had a decline in CD4 cells, and the difference from initial levels was highly significant (p = 0.01). The CD4 cell concentrations in these patients were stable after treatment with zidovudine. We conclude that the incidence of AIDS in seropositive hemophiliacs more than 9 years after seroconversion is similar to that seen in other seropositive groups. CD4 cell counts declined more rapidly in those patients who were older at the time of seroconversion. Splenectomy may adversely affect the outcome of HIV infection. Individuals receiving high purity concentrate may have less immunosuppression than those receiving intermediate purity concentrates. Randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these observations.
Measuring Vitamin, Mineral, and Trace Element Levels in Dialysis Patients

Interpretation of laboratory tests is quite often very different in patients who are on dialysis compared to the general population, as what is “normal” or used as a laboratory reference range for reporting of laboratory tests in the general population may not be readily applicable to individuals with advanced chronic and end-stage kidney disease. This article addresses interpretation and use of tests used to measure common vitamins and trace minerals in the blood.