Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efecto de variables críticas del sacrificio sobre las propiedades fisicoquímicas de la carne de cerdo

To investigate the effect of slaughter critical variables on physicochemical characteristics of pork three experiments were conducted in summer and winter using 340 pigs: Exp 1, effect of group-stunning vs individual stunning (n=120), Exp 2, effect of time between stunning and bleeding (4 vs 16 sec, n=120), and Exp 3, effect of scalding time (5 vs 7 min, n=100) on the physicochemical characteristics of pork. In both seasons, quality of meat from animals stunned in groups of five pigs was better (P<0.05) than that of individually stunned animals, showing less drip loss (DL), higher pH at 45 min post mortem (pH45), less temperature at 45 min and 24 h post mortem (T24), and a decrease (P<0.05) in electrical conductivity at 2 (EC2) and at 24 h post mortem in both seasons, (P<0.05). Reducing time between stunning and bleeding results in less meat drip loss and better (P<0.05) physicochemical characteristics of meat in both seasons. Similarly, reducing scalding time form 7 to 5 min resulted in less drip loss, higher pH45, less T24 (P<0.05), and lower (P<0.05) EC2. It is concluded that physicochemical quality of meat can be improved by stunning pigs in groups instead of individually, and reducing both time between stunning and bleeding, and scalding time.
Controle hormonal do crescimento de raízes de tomateiro (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Micro-Tom) em condições de déficit hídrico

HORMONAL CONTROL OF ROOT GROWTH OF MICRO TOMATO (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. MICRO-TOM) UNDER WATER DEFICIT CONDITION Drought is the major abiotic plant stress factor. Among the mechanisms of water deficit resistance the root growth response has expressive importance. This response seems to be regulated by hormones. An interesting method to study hormone regulated processes is the use of hormonal mutants. The tomato cultivar Micro-Tom (MT) have reduced size and short life cycle and therefore constitutes an excellent genetic model for physiology studies. Hormonal mutants in MT with low endogenous ABA (sit and flc), ethylene insensitivity (Nr), ethylene overproduction (epi) and auxin insensitivity (dgt) constitute valuable tools to study hormone action in plant development.The present work aimed to study the hormonal interaction in the control of root growth of tomato MT subjected to water deficit. Germinated seeds of MT and mutants epi, sit, Nr, e dgt were placed in a black Ger-Box containing water and PEG 6000 solutions with potentials of 0,3; -0,6; -0,9 e 1,2 MPa. After 5 days the length of root and hypocotyls were measured. Others experiments were conducted in Ger-Box containing ethylene action inhibitor, silver thiosulphate (STS), ABA biosynthesis inhibitor (Fluridone) and an ethylene releaser, 2-chloroethyl-phosphonic acid (CEPA) in different concentrations in water and in a -0,6 MPa osmotic potential PEG solution. After 5 days the length of the roots were measured. The PEG solution of – 0,6 MPa promoted root growth in MT, dgt, epi and in with less intensity in Nr . The promotion of root growth did not occur in sit. In the mutant sit, low potential caused a swelling in the roots similar to excess ethylene symptoms. When CEPA was used, a severe inhibition of root growth occurred. The inhibition was less intense in dgt. In the – 0,6 MPa solution the inhibition was more severe than occurred in water in MT. When ethylene action was inhibited by the application of STS, a greater difference of root growth between water and – 0,6 MPa PEG solution occurred as the STS concentration increased. In the mutant dgt these differences were not observed. In the experiment with fluridone as the dose increased the inhibition in the root growth increased concomitantly. The inhibition was less severe in Nr and dgt. In higher doses of fluridone root ramification occurred, interfering in the primary root length. By these results it can be concluded that a moderate water deficit promotes root growth better than in a normal water supply condition. Probably this growth is regulated by an ABA/IAA balance which modulates ethylene response.
Avian biochemistry and molecular biology

Preface Nomenclature, abbreviations and conventions 1. Introduction to avian biochemistry and molecular biology Part I. Metabolism: 2. Avian nutrition 3. Carbohydrate and intermediary metabolism 4. Lipids and their metabolism 5. Protein and amino acid metabolism 6. Metabolic adaptation of particular importance in avian species 7. The role of avian hormones in the control of metabolism Part II. The Avian Genome and its Expression: 8. The avian genome 9. Avian multidomain genes and multigene families: their evolution and function 10. Avian steroid hormones and the control of gene expression 11. Avian oncogenes 12. Molecular genetics of avian development 13. The molecular basis of avian immunology References Index.
Towards a More Equal City: Framing the Challenges and Opportunities

CONTENTS Executive Summary . 1 I. Framing the World Resources Report . 5 II. A New Categorization of Cities Focused on Economic Productivity . 8 III. Four Challenges for Sustainable Cities. 11 IV. The Urgency and Lock-in Dilemma and Priority Areas for Action . 17 V. The Way Cities are Growing Undermines the Quality of Life for All Residents . 17 VI. Linking the Urban Service Gap to the Economy and Environment . 23 VII. Scaling from Core Service Sectors to Transformative Urban Change . 25 VIII. Lessons Learned . 30 IX. Making More Equal Cities a Reality . 33 Appendix: A Partial List of Forthcoming WRR Research Papers . 34 Endnotes . 36 References . 40 Acknowledgements . 47
The Wisdom of the Hive: The Social Physiology of Honey Bee Colonies

PART I. INTRODUCTION 1. The Issues 1.1. The Evolution of Biological Organization 1.2. The Honey Bee Colony as a Unit of Function 1.3. Analytic Scheme 2. The Honey Bee Colony 2.1. Worker Anatomy and Physiology 2.2. Worker Life History 2.3. Nest Architecture 2.4. The Annual Cycle of a Colony 2.5. Communication about Food Sources 2.6. Food Collection and Honey Production 3. The Foraging Abilities of a Colony 3.1. Exploiting Food Sources over a Vast Region around the Hive 3.2. Surveying the Countryside for Rich Food Sources 3.3. Responding Quickly to Valuable Discoveries 3.4. Choosing among Food Sources 3.5. Adjusting Selectivity in Relation to Forage Abundance 3.6. Regulating Comb Construction 3.7. Regulating Pollen Collection 3.8. Regulating Water Collection Summary PART II. EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS 4. Methods and Equipment 4.1. The Observation Hive 4.2. The Hut for the Observation Hive 4.3. The Bees 4.4. Sugar Water Feeders 4.5. Labeling Bees 4.6. Measuring the Total Number of Bees Visiting a Feeder 4.7. Observing Bees of Known Age 4.8. Recording the Behavior of Bees in the Hive 4.9. The Scale Hive 4.10. Censusing a Colony 5. Allocation of Labor among Forage Sites How a Colony Acquires Information about Food Sources 5.1. Which Bees Gather the Information? 5.2. Which Information Is Shared? 5.3. Where Information Is Shared inside the Hive 5.4. The Coding of Information about Profitability 5.5. The Bees' Criterion of Profitability 5.6. The Relationship between Nectar-Source 5.7. The Adaptive Tuning of Dance Thresholds 5.8. How a Forager Determines the Profitability of a Nectar Source Summary How a Colony Acts on Information about Food Sources 5.9. Employed Foragers versus Unemployed Foragers 5.10. How Unemployed Foragers Read the Information on the Dance Floor? 5.11.
Use of peptide microarrays for mapping viral b cell epitopes

Mapping targets of antibodies - in particular neutralizing ones - is of great value for monitoring vaccination efficacy as well as for development of novel vaccines and reagents for diagnostics. To this end, several methods (e.g. phage display libraries, peptide-based ELISA) have been used. These, however, suffer from cumbersome handling and the need of large amounts of sera, often pooled from many patients with the effect of blinding the serological analysis to individual variation. As shown here, these disadvantages can be overcome by miniaturization and parallelization. In this study, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus envelop (HIVenv) chips with overlapping oligopeptides encompassing the full amino acid sequences of different HBV and HIV polypeptides were produced via SPOT synthesis (Frank 1992) and printing to glass slides (Dikmans, Beutling et al. 2006). In addition, a chip displaying a library of 4608 different 15-mers of defined but randomly chosen sequence (4608-RPL) was prepared. HBV and HIVenv chips were used for analyzing monoclonal antibodies, serum samples from HBV vaccinated or infected individuals, and sera from HIV/SIV-immunized monkeys. Both chips allowed for high-resolution mapping of B cell linear epitopes. The identified epitopes were 3, 6, 9 or 12 amino acids in length. Moreover, it was shown that, for a great extent, the 4608-RPL could be used for identifying target sequences of monoclonal antibodies detecting several types of B cell epitope. Dikmans, A. , U. Beutling, et al. (2006). "SC2: A novel process for manufacturing multipurpose high-density chemical microarrays. " Qsar & Combinatorial Science 25(11): 1069-1080. Frank, R. (1992). "Spot-Synthesis - an Easy Technique for the Positionally Addressable, Parallel Chemical Synthesis on a Membrane Support. " Tetrahedron 48(42): 9217-9232.
INACTIVATION OF PICORNAVIRUSES AND CALICIVIRUSES; Part 2: Inactivation

The prevention of human fecal contamination of food and water is an effective measure to control the transmission of foodborne disease viruses e.g. hepatitis A virus (HAV) and calicivirus found in food chains and water systems. If the prevention of virus contamination is not successful, one of the most common critical control points in the food industry is the inactivation of viruses that contaminate the food or water. The objective of inactivation is to modify the virus or make it abort in the next replicative cycle. The efficiency of inactivating agents is measured by the plots of "logarithmic scale of plaque forming units of virus" versus the "inactivating dose". The slope of the best-fit straight line is the rate of inactivation by a specific agent. Ultraviolet (UV) light and hypochlorite are used to disinfect water, food surfaces and food-contact surfaces. The most common inactivation method in food preparation and processing is heat. The virucidal wavelength of UV is 253.7 nanometers and the decimal inactivation doses of viruses are between 1-25 mWs/cm2. Depending on pH, hypochlorous acid (HOCl) inactivates viruses more effectively than the hypochlorite ion (OCl-). Thermal treatment inactivates virus at a temperature above 60oC in minutes. Some gram-positive bacteria e.g. Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus epidermidis enzymatically inactivate enteroviruses. HAV and feline calicivirus appears to be more resistant to inactivation than other picornaviruses and coliphages. Inactivation methods have different mechanisms of action in which the target is not mutually exclusive and may be controversial. In essence, the viral capsid is the primary target of chlorine, thermal, biodegradation, drying and formaldehyde inactivation while the primary target of UV inactivation is the viral RNA.
Lizards: Windows to the Evolution of Diversity

List of Tables Foreword, by Harry W. Greene Acknowledgments Introduction: The Logic of Biology Part I. Lizard Lifestyles 1. Evolutionary History and Phylogeny 2. Getting Around in a Complex World 3. Lizards as Predators 4. Escaping Predators 5. Social Behavior 6. Reproduction and Life History 7. Reflections of the Real World Part II. Lizard Diversity 8. Iguanians 9. From Geckos to Blind Lizards 10. From Racerunners to Night Lizards 11. Skinks 12. From Girdled Lizards to Knob-Scaled Lizards 13. Monsters and Dragons of the Lizard World Part III. Synthesis 14. Historical Perspective 15. Lizards and Humans Appendix: Taxonomic Summary of Lizard Genera Glossary References Index
A role for the ecdysone response gene E93 in imaginal patterning during metamorphosis

I designed antigens from three regions of the E93 coding sequence, produced these proteins in E. coli, and used them to immunize rabbits and mice either as single or mixed E93 antigens. The E93 antisera obtained allowed the immunostaining of E93 in pupal tissues. E93 is detected in the antenna, arista, eye, labellum, wing and leg in the pupal period, consistent with the multiple imaginal defects seen in E93 mutants. The E93 mutant shows dramatically reduced staining, demonstrating specificity of the antisera. Rationale Although expression of E93 has been characterized early in metamorphosis in the larval midgut and salivary gland (Lee et al. 2000), later expression in imaginal tissues has not been examined. An E93 antiserum (against codon 279-837) was generated by Dr. Eric Baehrecke (Lee et al. 2000). However, this antiserum did not work well for Western blotting or tissue staining (personal communication), and is no longer available. In order to gain a more complete picture of the expression of E93 during metamorphosis, it became necessary to generate a new E93 antiserum. Methods DNASTAR Lasergene 7 software was used to predict three regions with high antigenicity (Antigen I, II, and III, which include codons 47-126, 285-400, 999-1125 respectively (Fig.
DNA repair and telomere maintenance during seed imbibition: correlation of transcriptional patterns

Genome stability, an essential requisite for successful seed germination/seedling establishment, is maintained through the cellular DNA repair machinery which works in concert with chromatin remodeling regulators/effectors. To date, the correlation between DNA repair and seed vigour has been established while information is still missing as concerns the contribution of chromatin remodeling to seed quality enhancement. The role played by telomere maintenance mechanisms in relation to seed vigour is still debated. In the present work, a bioinformatic investigation was performed using the Virtual Seed Web Resource ( www.vseed.nottingham.ac.uk ) which provides microarray data from Arabidopsis thaliana dry seeds and from seeds collected at the different germination phases. Aim of the research was to analyse and compare the germination-specific transcriptional profiles of key genes involved in DNA repair, chromatin remodeling, and telomere maintenance.
Soft-switched high-frequency, high power DC/AC converter with IGBT

A 20 kVA direct DC/LFAC dual active bridge (DAB) power converter projected for operation at 100 kHz with insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) switches is presented. It has dual-angle, constant-frequency phase shift control, and is soft switched in a large part of the output V-I plane. It also has a high performance digital control system. The topology and its properties are presented. The control strategy and regulation of the loop are examined. Experimental results are shown for both a small-scale model and a full-scale converter. <<ETX>>
Understanding the genetic basis of atrial fibrillation : next steps after genome-wide association studies

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia in clinical practice. Over the past two decades, we have come to appreciate that AF has a significant heritable component. The recent advent of next-generation sequencing technology has spawned a new era of research into the genetic basis of AF. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple common variants underlying AF. Further, exome sequencing has emerged as a potentially powerful technique for the identification of mutations underlying familial forms of AF. In this thesis, we sought to further elucidate the genetic basis of AF though two specific aims. Firstly, we investigated the mechanistic link between KCNN3, a potassium channel gene which was identified in a GWAS for lone AF, and arrhythmia pathogenesis. Secondly, we performed exome sequencing and classical linkage analysis in two AF pedigrees to identify novel mutations for the arrhythmia. We demonstrate that overexpression of Kcnn3 in a murine model results in an increased susceptibility to AF. Interestingly, these mice also display a high incidence of sudden death due to heart block. Exome sequencing in an AF pedigree identified a potentially causative mutation in the transcription factor gene GATA6. In a second AF pedigree, we identified a novel locus for the arrhythmia on chromosome 1. However the causative mutation at this locus remains elusive. Ultimately, the identification of the genetic substrate underlying AF is likely to uncover novel therapeutic targets as well as enhancing risk stratification for this common and morbid arrhythmia.
Recombinant bispecific antibodies for cancer therapy

Bispecific antibodies can serve as mediators to retarget effector mechanisms to disease-associated sites. Studies over the past two decades have revealed the potentials but also the limitations of conventional bispecific antibodies. The development of recombinant antibody formats has opened up the possibility of generating bispecific molecules with improved properties. This review summarizes recent developments in the field of recombinant bispecific antibodies and discusses further requirements for clinical development.
SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS AND SCCmec TYPES OF METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (MRSA) ISOLATES FROM SKIN AND SOFT TISSUE INFECTION (SSTI) PATIENTS

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major infection problem both in hospital and community setting due to resistance to antimicrobials. The mechanism of resistance based on mecA gene-part of Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec. Now about 8 type of SCCmec were identified. The origin of SCCmec type were type I for multiresistant phenotype and type IV for nonmultiresistant phenotype. Type II and type III were originated from type I SCCmec, while others types were originated from type IV SCCmec. Skin and soft tissue infection was commonly found in community setting but now many patients especially with immunocompromissed condition also often appearing these infections. Exploring of genotype and phenotype of MRSA were important to assist diagnosis, treatment and prevention of infection.
Characterization of novel E1 and E2 enzymes and their role in ubiquitin and FAT10 conjugation

Acknowledgements Acknowledgements 2 First of all I would like to thank Prof. Marcus Groettrup for giving me the opportunity to perform my PhD in his group. Thank you for supplying optimal working conditions and providing scientific guidance over the past years. Thank you to Prof. Martin Scheffner's group for the collaboration in the UBE1L2 paper and for lots of advice. I would like to express my gratitude to Dr. Gunter Schmidtke, who helped me a lot with biochemical problems and didn't get tired of explaining things to me. Thank you for providing useful technical tips and tricks. Special thanks go to Ingrid Kassner who made my PhD years more fun. It was great to have you as a " Vertiefungskurs " student, a diploma student and as a " HiWi ". I also had a privilege to work with very nice and skilled people in the FAT10 lab. My thanks go to my fellow PhD students Birte, Sebastian and Neha. Further thanks go to Elisabeth and Tina who technically supported us in the lab. I very much appreciate the collaboration with Annette Aichem at the BITg. Thank you for giving me the opportunity to participate at the E2 story. Thank you also to the rest of the immunology lab members for the great atmosphere in our Furthermore, I would like to thank Carolina and Jacky who became good friends over the last years. Thank you for your support. Finally, special thanks go to my family and all my friends, who constantly supported me during my PhD. Thank you for always being there for me.
Complexity: Life at the Edge of Chaos

"Put together one of the world's best science writers with one of the universe's most fascinating subjects and you are bound to produce a wonderful book. The subject of complexity is vital and controversial. This book is important and beautifully done. " Stephen Jay Gould "[Complexity] is that curious mix of complication and organization that we find throughout the natural and human worlds: the workings of a cell, the structure of the brain, the behavior of the stock market, the shifts of political power. It is time science . thinks about meaning as well as counting information. This is the core of the complexity manifesto. Read it, think about it . but don't ignore it. " Ian Stewart, "Nature" This second edition has been brought up to date with an essay entitled "On the Edge in the Business World" and an interview with John Holland, author of "Emergence: From Chaos to Order. " "
A Role for sFRP5 in Adipocyte Biology and Obesity.

Research conducted over the last decade has established the Wnt/βcatenin signaling pathway as an important regulator of adipocyte differentiation. It is now known that preadipocytes secrete various Wnt proteins that act through an autocrine mechanism to inhibit preadipocyte differentiation. Further complexity arises through the regulated expression of endogenous inhibitors of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, including the family of secreted frizzled-related proteins (sFRPs). sFRPs are thought to prevent downstream Wnt signaling by binding to and sequestering Wnt molecules in the extracellular space, although recent reports have indicated sFRPs can function in roles independent of Wnt inhibition. Here we have sought to characterize a novel function for sFRP5 in adipocyte biology and obesity. We show that sFRP5 expression is strongly induced during adipocyte differentiation in vitro and in various models of obesity. Furthermore, sFRP5 expression is highly correlated with increasing adiposity and adipocyte size. Mice that lack functional sFRP5 resist diet-induced obesity as evidenced by lower total body weight and decreased fat mass. Detailed morphometric analysis revealed that sFRP5 mice challenged with a high fat diet have proportionally fewer large adipocytes than wild type mice, and using a model of
Anti‐Inflammatory Activity of Capsaicin and Dihydrocapsaicin through Heme Oxygenase‐1 Induction in Raw264.7 Macrophages

Capsaicin (CAP) and dihydrocapsaicin (DHC) are major pungent components of hot peppers with various biological activities such as anticancer, anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory properties. We focused on the involvement of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the anti-inflammatory activity of CAP and DHC in lipopolysaccaride (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. We demonstrated that both CAP and DHC inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible NO synthase protein and mRNA expression in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. In addition, both CAP and DHC increased HO-1 protein expression. The inhibition of NO production by treatment with CAP and DHC was attenuated by blocking HO-1 activity. This study provide evidence to support the important role of HO-1 in the anti-inflammatory activity of CAP and DHC. Practical Applications CAP and DHC are major pungent components of hot peppers. They have been subjected to extensive experimental and clinical investigations because of their various pharmacological and toxicological properties. In this study, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of CAP and DHC was evaluated in RAW264.7 macrophages. Our results revealed that CAP and DHC exert anti-inflammatory activities by activating HO-1. Also, these data provides further insights on the molecular mechanisms underlying the biological activities and pharmacological use of CAP and DHC.
Platelets in Biology and Pathology

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