Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulation of p53-dependent apoptosis, transcriptional repression, and cell transformation by phosphorylation of the 55-kilodalton E1B protein of human adenovirus type 5

The adenovirus type 5 55-kDa E1B protein (E1B-55kDa) cooperates with E1A gene products to induce cell transformation. E1A proteins stimulate DNA synthesis and cell proliferation; however, they also cause rapid cell death by p53-dependent and p53-independent apoptosis. It is believed that the role of the E1B-55kDa protein in transformation is to protect against p53-dependent apoptosis by binding to and inactivating p53. It has been shown previously that the 55-kDa polypeptide abrogates p53-mediated transactivation and that mutants defective in p53 binding are unable to cooperate with E1A in transformation. We have previously mapped phosphorylation sites near the carboxy terminus of the E1B-55kDa protein at Ser-490 and Ser-491, which lie within casein kinase II consensus sequences. Conversion of these sites to alanine residues greatly reduced transforming activity, and although the mutant 55-kDa protein was found to interact with p53 at normal levels, it was somewhat defective for suppression of p53 transactivation activity. We now report that a nearby residue, Thr-495, also appears to be phosphorylated. We demonstrate directly that the wild-type 55-kDa protein is able to block E1A-induced p53-dependent apoptosis, whereas cells infected by mutant pm490/1/5A, which contains alanine residues at all three phosphorylation sites, exhibited extensive DNA fragmentation and classic apoptotic cell death. The E1B-55kDa product has been shown to exhibit intrinsic transcriptional repression activity when localized to promoters, such as by fusion with the GAL4 DNA-binding domain, even in the absence of p53. Such repression activity was totally absent with mutant pm490/1/5A. These data suggested that inhibition of p53-dependent apoptosis may depend on the transcriptional repression function of the 55-kDa protein, which appears to be regulated be phosphorylation at the carboxy terminus.
Comparison of TnT, Max.Ent, CRF Taggers for Urdu Language

The development of statistical taggers for Urdu language is an important milestone toward Urdu language processing. In this paper we look at the efficient methods of computational linguistics. We did our Experiments with some of the widely used POS Tagging approaches on Urdu language. Part-of-Speech (POS) Tagging is a process that attaches each word in a sentence with a suitable tag from a given Tag set. In this paper, three stateof-art probabilistic taggers i.e. TnT tagger, Maximum Entropy tagger and CRF (Conditional Random Field) taggers are applied to the Urdu language. A training corpus of 100000 tokens is used to train the models. We compare all the three taggers with same training data and finally we concluded that CRF Tagger shows the better accuracy.
Drug Selection via Joint Push and Learning to Rank

Selecting the right drugs for the right patients is a primary goal of precision medicine. In this article, we consider the problem of cancer drug selection in a learning-to-rank framework. We have formulated the cancer drug selection problem as to accurately predicting 1) the ranking positions of sensitive drugs and 2) the ranking orders among sensitive drugs in cancer cell lines based on their responses to cancer drugs. We have developed a new learning-to-rank method, denoted as <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathop {\mathtt {pLETORg}}\limits$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi mathvariant="monospace">pLETORg</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="ning-ieq1-2848908.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>, that predicts drug ranking structures in each cell line via using drug latent vectors and cell line latent vectors. The <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathop {\mathtt {pLETORg}}\limits$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi mathvariant="monospace">pLETORg</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="ning-ieq2-2848908.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> method learns such latent vectors through explicitly enforcing that, in the drug ranking list of each cell line, the sensitive drugs are pushed above insensitive drugs, and meanwhile the ranking orders among sensitive drugs are correct. Genomics information on cell lines is leveraged in learning the latent vectors. Our experimental results on a benchmark cell line-drug response dataset demonstrate that the new <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathop {\mathtt {pLETORg}}\limits$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi mathvariant="monospace">pLETORg</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="ning-ieq3-2848908.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art method in prioritizing new sensitive drugs.
Arithmetic for wavelet embedded block coding based on low memory and block bit-length search

A sort of arithmetic for wavelet embedded block coding based on low memory and block bit-length search is brought forward in this article. The memory occupancy can be reduced through four measures which adopted in the arithmetic in the process of coding and coding efficiency can be increasingly improved, respectively. The four measures mentioned above are: (1)LLn sub-band separate coding; (2)Establish block bit-length chart, the bit-length is defined by the author; (3)Save the space of memory by employing bit-length chart instead of using lists; (4)Swift search key blocks according to the construction of bit-length chart to overcome repeat scan and increase the coding speed. According to the experimental results, the arithmetic can reduce memory occupancy in the process of coding and increase the coding speed effectively, meanwhile, it can keep the high quality of PSNR. It has great availability in hardware design for wavelet coding.
Effect of weekly releases of Toxorhynchites amboinensis (Doleschall) on Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) in New Orleans, Louisiana.

Weekly releases of the larval predator, Toxorhynchites amboinensis (Doleschall), into a 16-block neighborhood with substandard housing in New Orleans, La. , during 1982 reduced Aedes aegypti (L.) densities by ca. 45% when compared with similar, but untreated areas. Increasing the number of adults released per week from 100 to 300 females per block did not improve the degree of control achieved, indicating that lower release numbers may be adequate to achieve this level of control. Releasing 100 predators per block resulted in a 40% reduction in Culex quinquefasciatus Say. Examining the area surrounding the study site revealed that there was very little movement of T. amboinensis females between blocks during the 7-month study. The results suggest that it may be possible to develop a practical method to control A. aegypti mosquitoes in urban areas using T. amboinensis .
Forming and Exploiting Opportunities: The Implications of Discovery and Creation Processes for Entrepreneurial and Organizational Research

Research on opportunities has received significant attention in entrepreneurship in the last decade. However, recently the focus has shifted from opportunities themselves to the processes that form and exploit them. This paper traces the history of opportunity origins and draws upon the implications of opportunity types to suggest associated entrepreneurial processes. This paper then suggests future research and applications based on processes used to form and exploit opportunities.
Approach to drug-resistant cytomegalovirus in transplant recipients

Purpose of review The purpose of this study is to provide updated information on diagnosis of cytomegalovirus (CMV) drug resistance, treatments for drug-resistant infection and potential uses of experimental antiviral compounds. Recent findings For established CMV antivirals, uncommon viral UL97 kinase and UL54 DNA polymerase drug resistance mutations are sporadically described that expand an extensive existing database. Some novel mutations reported from treated patients have no drug-resistant phenotype and may be genotyping artefacts. Next-generation sequencing technology may enable earlier detection of emerging resistance mutations in treated patients. Management options for drug-resistant infection include optimization of host defenses, antiviral dose escalation, substitutions or combinations of standard or experimental antivirals. Maribavir and letermovir have antiviral targets distinct from the classic DNA polymerase. UL97 mutations elicited by ganciclovir and maribavir are different, although a single p-loop mutation can confer significant cross-resistance. High-grade resistance mutations in the UL56 terminase gene are readily selected in vitro under letermovir and await clinical correlation. Summary Technical advancements can enhance the accurate and timely genotypic detection of drug resistance. Antivirals undergoing clinical trial offer the prospect of new viral targets and drug combinations, but unresolved issues exist with regard to their therapeutic potential for drug-resistant CMV and their genetic barriers to resistance.
Trabecular Microarchitecture of Hominoid Thoracic Vertebrae

Spontaneous vertebral fractures are a common occurrence in modern humans, yet these fractures are not documented in other hominoids. Differences in vertebral bone strength between humans and apes associated with trabecular bone microarchitecture may contribute to differences in fracture incidence. We used microcomputed tomography to examine trabecular bone microarchitecture in the T8 vertebra of extant young adult hominoids. Scaled volumes of interest from the anterior vertebral body were analyzed at a resolution of 46 μm, and bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, trabecular number, trabecular separation, structure model index, and degree of anisotropy were compared among species. As body mass increased, so did trabecular thickness, but bone volume fraction, structure model index, and degree of anisotropy were independent of body mass. Bone volume fraction was not significantly different between the species. Degree of anisotropy was not significantly different among the species, suggesting similarity of loading patterns in the T8 vertebra due to similar anatomical and postural relationships within each species' spine. Degree of anisotropy was negatively correlated with bone volume fraction (r2 = 0.85, P < 0.05) in humans, whereas the apes demonstrated no such relationship. This suggested that less dense human trabecular bone was more preferentially aligned to habitual loading. Furthermore, we theorize that trabeculae in ape thoracic vertebrae would not be expected to become preferentially aligned if bone volume fraction was decreased. The differing relationship between bone volume fraction and degree of anisotropy in humans and apes may cause less dense human bone to be more fragile than less dense ape bone. Anat Rec, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The efficacy of acquired brain injury rehabilitation

Objective: The purpose of this review was to investigate the efficacy of rehabilitation interventions in acquired brain injury (ABI) rehabilitation to provide guidance for clinical practice based on the best available evidence. Methods and main outcomes: A systematic review of the literature from 1980–2005 was conducted focusing on rehabilitation interventions for ABI. The efficacy of a given intervention was classified as strong (supported by at least two randomized controlled trials (RCTs)), moderate (supported by a single RCT), or limited (supported by other types of studies in the absence of RCTs). Results: The majority of interventions were only supported by limited evidence. However, there is moderate evidence that inpatient rehabilitation results in successful return to work and return to duty for the majority of military service members, increasing the intensity of rehabilitation reduces length of stay and improves short-term functional outcomes, and that direct patient involvement in neurorehabilitation goal setting results in significant improvements in reaching and maintaining those goals. Conclusions: There is a need for studies of improved methodological quality into ABI rehabilitation.
Myxoma Virus Expressing Interleukin-15 Fails To Cause Lethal Myxomatosis in European Rabbits

ABSTRACT Myxoma virus (MYXV) is a poxvirus pathogenic only for European rabbits, but its permissiveness in human cancer cells gives it potential as an oncolytic virus. A recombinant MYXV expressing both the tdTomato red fluorescent protein and interleukin-15 (IL-15) (vMyx-IL-15-tdTr) was constructed. Cells infected with vMyx-IL-15-tdTr secreted bioactive IL-15 and had in vitro replication kinetics similar to that of wild-type MYXV. To determine the safety of this virus for future oncolytic studies, we tested its pathogenesis in European rabbits. In vivo, vMyx-IL-15-tdTr no longer causes lethal myxomatosis. Thus, ectopic IL-15 functions as an antiviral cytokine in vivo, and vMyx-IL-15-tdTr is a safe candidate for animal studies of oncolytic virotherapy.
Olmesartan medoxomil: influence of age, renal and hepatic function on the pharmacokinetics of olmesartan medoxomil

&NA; Olmesartan medoxomil was rapidly absorbed and converted to olmesartan in elderly hypertensive patients, and in patients with renal and hepatic dysfunction. No olmesartan medoxomil itself was detected in plasma. Pharmacokinetic steady state was reached within the first few days after oral dosing. In elderly (65–75 years old), after 80 mg olmesartan medoxomil once daily, and very elderly (≥ 75 years old) hypertensive patients after 10 mg daily, steady‐state Cmax and area under the curve (AUC(0–24 h)) values were up to 44% higher compared with young patients (< 46 years). Steady‐state elimination half‐life values were also longer in elderly (12.8 h) and very elderly patients (16.5 h) compared with young patients (10.6 and 12.3 h, respectively). At steady state after 10 mg olmesartan medoxomil daily in patients with renal impairment, both Cmax and AUC(0–24 h) increased as creatinine clearance (CLCR) decreased, and renal clearance (CLR) decreased with decreasing CLCR. Steady‐state Cmax and AUC(0–24 h) values in patients with mild (CLCR, 40–59 ml/min) and moderate (CLCR, 20–30 ml/min) were up to 39 and 82% higher than the values in healthy subjects. After single oral doses of 10 mg olmesartan medoxomil daily to patients with mild (Child‐Pugh score ≤ 6) and moderate (score 7–9) hepatic impairment, Cmax was generally similar to that in healthy matched subjects, but AUC increased by 30 and 48%, respectively, and was reflected in small increases in absolute bioavailability values compared with healthy subject controls. Excretion of olmesartan in urine also increased with the degree of hepatic impairment, indicating a compensatory excretion mechanism in this disease state. Since the increased plasma concentrations (Cmax and AUC(0–24 h) in elderly and very elderly patients, and in mild and moderate renal and hepatic impairment, were several‐fold lower than plasma concentrations observed in other studies after 80 mg olmesartan medoxomil daily that were well tolerated, a dosing adjustment in these groups is not considered necessary. In patients with severe renal impairment, however, consideration should be given to a lower starting dose, and it is recommended that the daily dose should not exceed 20 mg daily (compared with 40 mg daily for the general patient population).
Glial response to axonal injury: In vitro manifestation and implication for regeneration

Crushed fish optic axons readily regenerate, while similarly injured rat optic axons do not; the reasons for the differences in regeneration ability may lie in differences in the environment of the axons. We have cultured glial cells from previously crushed optic nerves of fish and rat to determine whether a relationship exists between the ability to regenerate and the nature of the responses of the associated nonneuronal cells to injury. The glial cells were examined using indirect immunofluorescence with antibodies to known glial markers. In the rat cultures, mature GalC oligodendrocytes, which are known to be nonpermissive for axonal growth, were abundant. In contrast, in the fish cultures mature oligodendrocytes were rare, but A2B5 positive cells were abundant. The high number of A2B5 positive cells in the fish may suggest a high number of immature cells. This interpretation, however, should wait until evidence for glial cell lineage of the fish is available. Additional indication is provided also in the present study that the number of mature oligodendrocytes in the fish is regulated by elements external to the nerve. This study thus demonstrates an important difference between rat and fish optic nerves in the response of glial cells to the optic nerve injury.
The Main Anticancer Bullets of the Chinese Medicinal Herb, Thunder God Vine

The thunder god vine or Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F. is a representative Chinese medicinal herb which has been used widely and successfully for centuries in treating inflammatory diseases. More than 100 components have been isolated from this plant, and most of them have potent therapeutic efficacy for a variety of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In the past four decades, the anticancer activities of the extracts from this medicinal herb have attracted intensive attention by researchers worldwide. The diterpenoid epoxide triptolide and the quinone triterpene celastrol are two important bioactive ingredients that show a divergent therapeutic profile and can perturb multiple signal pathways. Both compounds promise to turn traditional medicines into modern drugs. In this review, we will mainly address the anticancer activities and mechanisms of action of these two agents and briefly describe some other antitumor components of the thunder god vine.
ON SELF MICROEMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

Oral route is one of the most patient friendly routes for the most of the pharmacologically chronic disease treatment. Nearly 40% of new drug candidates exhibit low water solubility and hence high intraand inter-subject variability and lack of dose proportionality. Much attention has been given to lipid-based formulation with particular emphasis on self-micro emulsifying drug delivery system to improve the oral bioavailability of lipophilic drugs. It requires small amount of dose and also drugs can be protected from hostile environment in gut. Self micro emulsifying drug delivery systems are specialized form of delivery system in which drug is encapsulated in a lipid base with or without pharmaceutical acceptable surfactant. Self micro emulsifying drug delivery systems are isotropic mixtures of oil, surfactant, co-surfactant and drug with a unique ability to form fine oil in water micro emulsion upon mild agitation following dilution with aqueous phase. SMEDDS is evaluated by various methods like visual assessment, droplet polarity and droplet size, size of emulsion droplet, dissolution test, and charge of oil droplets, viscosity determination, and in-vitro diffusion study. With future development of this technology, SMEDDS will continue to enable novel applications in drug delivery and solve problems associated with the delivery of poorly soluble drugs.
Trace nitrous oxide levels in the postanesthesia care unit.

UNLABELLED The effect of trace levels of waste anesthetic gases on the health of postanesthesia care unit (PACU) nurses who work in an unscavenged environment has been questioned, although it seems likely that levels of trace gases in the PACU would be much lower than those in the operating room. In this study, we documented nitrous oxide levels in the ambient air of two large PACUs. Nitrous oxide levels were measured using a time-weighted average monitor worn by 33 PACU workers at two different hospitals for the duration of their shifts. On the same day, patient data were collected at the time of admission to the PACU. Data included age and weight of the patient, type of surgery, anesthetic technique, and end-tidal level of nitrous oxide immediately before the patient left the operating room. The mean time-weighted average nitrous oxide level in PACU A was 2.0 ppm (range 0-6.4); in PACU B, it was undetectable, i.e., < 2.0 ppm. Levels of nitrous oxide to which PACU patient care personnel are exposed are well below the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health and Occupational Health and Safety Administration recommended exposure level of 25 ppm measured for the duration of anesthetic administration. IMPLICATIONS Our results indicate that the levels of nitrous oxide in postanesthesia care units with well maintained, modern ventilation systems are very low. Previous research suggests that the health of workers exposed to these levels should not be adversely affected.
Contribution of Adenosine A2A and A2B Receptors to Ischemic Coronary Dilation: Role of KV and KATP Channels

Please cite this paper as: Berwick, Payne, Lynch, Dick, Sturek and Tune (2010). Contribution of Adenosine A2A and A2B Receptors to Ischemic Coronary Dilation: Role of KV and KATP Channels. Microcirculation17(8), 600–607.
Robotics in Remote and Hostile Environments

In our continuing quest for knowledge, robots are powerful tools for accessing environments too dangerous or too remote for human exploration. Early systems functioned under close human supervision, effectively limited to executing preprogrammed tasks. However, as exploration moves to regions where communication is ineffective or unviable, robots will need to carry out complex tasks without human supervision. To enable such capabilities, robots are being enhanced by advances ranging from new sensor development to automated mission planning software, distributed robotic control, and more efficient power systems. As robotics technology becomes simultaneously more capable and economically viable, individual robots operated at large expense by teams of experts are increasingly supplemented by teams of robots used cooperatively under minimal human supervision.
The Place of Autochthonous Disease Aetiology in Mental Health-Seeking Behaviors in a Globalizing Nigerian Community

This study aimed at ascertaining the connection between disease aetiology of the autochthonous psychiatric health system and the current mental health-seeking behaviors of the Nsukka people. Structured participant observation was the principal method of collecting data. In-depth interview sessions were also held with elders in the communities. It was found that although there has been social contact and change among the Nsukka, the personalistic elements in the aetiology of their traditional psychiatric system still largely determined their mental health-seeking behaviors. Thus, they were found to be more at home with traditional healers and syncretic churches than orthodox mental healthcare. To be successful, any mental healthcare program in Nsukka ought to consider how orthodox mental health practitioners, traditional healers, and those who run prayer houses could be incorporated in a comprehensive community mental healthcare program.