Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Phosphonate Metal–Organic Frameworks: A Novel Family of Semiconductors

Herein, the first semiconducting and magnetic phosphonate metal–organic framework (MOF), TUB75, is reported, which contains a 1D inorganic building unit composed of a zigzag chain of corner‐sharing copper dimers. The solid‐state UV–vis spectrum of TUB75 reveals the existence of a narrow bandgap of 1.4 eV, which agrees well with the density functional theory (DFT)‐calculated bandgap of 1.77 eV. Single‐crystal conductivity measurements for different orientations of the individual crystals yield a range of conductances from 10−3 to 103 S m−1 at room temperature, pointing to the directional nature of the electrical conductivity in TUB75. Magnetization measurements show that TUB75 is composed of antiferromagnetically coupled copper dimer chains. Due to their rich structural chemistry and exceptionally high thermal/chemical stabilities, phosphonate MOFs like TUB75 may open new vistas in engineerable electrodes for supercapacitors.
Review of the Live-Capture Fishery for Smaller Cetaceans Taken in Southern California Waters for Public Display, 1966–73

In a sample of 132 cetaceans taken during 1966–72 in a live-capture fishery for display at Marineland of the Pacific, mortality was low in Tursiops sp. (initially 10%, to over 50% within 24 mo, and high in Delphinus delphis (70% within 1 mo). Mortality within 1 mo and within 24 mo was under 20% and over 60%, respectively, for Lagenorhynchus obliquidens; and under 40% and over 60% for Globicephala macrorhynchus. Small numbers of Lissodelphis borealis and Phocoenoides dalli were also taken.
Tryptophan catabolism reflects disease activity in human tuberculosis.

There is limited understanding of the role of host metabolism in the pathophysiology of human tuberculosis (TB). Using high resolution metabolomics with an unbiased approach to metabolic pathway analysis, we discovered that the tryptophan pathway is highly regulated throughout the spectrum of TB infection and disease. This regulation is characterized by increased catabolism of tryptophan to kynurenine, which was evident not only in active TB disease, but also in latent TB infection (LTBI). Further, we found that tryptophan catabolism is reversed with effective treatment of both active TB disease and LTBI in a manner commensurate with bacterial clearance. Persons with active TB and LTBI also exhibit increased expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO-1), suggesting IDO-1 mediates observed increases in tryptophan catabolism. Together, these data indicate IDO-1-mediated tryptophan catabolism is highly preserved in the human response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and could be a target for biomarker development as well as host-directed therapies.
Platelet Activation via Shear Stress Exposure Induces a Differing Pattern of Biomarkers of Activation versus Biochemical Agonists

Abstract Background Implantable cardiovascular therapeutic devices, while hemodynamically effective, remain limited by thrombosis. A driver of device-associated thrombosis is shear-mediated platelet activation (SMPA). Underlying mechanisms of SMPA, as well as useful biomarkers able to detect and discriminate mechanical versus biochemical platelet activation, are poorly defined. We hypothesized that SMPA induces a differing pattern of biomarkers compared with biochemical agonists. Methods Gel-filtered human platelets were subjected to mechanical activation via either uniform constant or dynamic shear; or to biochemical activation by adenosine diphosphate (ADP), thrombin receptor-activating peptide 6 (TRAP-6), thrombin, collagen, epinephrine, or arachidonic acid. Markers of platelet activation (P-selectin, integrin αIIbβ3 activation) and apoptosis (mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase 3 activation, and phosphatidylserine externalization [PSE]) were examined using flow cytometry. Platelet procoagulant activity was detected by chromogenic assay measuring thrombin generation. Contribution of platelet calcium flux in SMPA was tested employing calcium chelators, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and BAPTA-AM. Results Platelet exposure to continuous shear stress, but not biochemical agonists, resulted in a dramatic increase of PSE and procoagulant activity, while no integrin αIIbβ3 activation occurred, and P-selectin levels remained barely elevated. SMPA was associated with dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential, but no caspase 3 activation was observed. Shear-mediated PSE was significantly decreased by chelation of extracellular calcium with EDTA, while intracellular calcium depletion with BAPTA-AM had no significant effect. In contrast, biochemical agonists ADP, TRAP-6, arachidonic acid, and thrombin were potent inducers of αIIbβ3 activation and/or P-selectin exposure. This differing pattern of biomarkers seen for SMPA for continuous uniform shear was replicated in platelets exposed to dynamic shear stress via circulation through a ventricular assist device-propelled circulatory loop. Conclusion Elevated shear stress, but not biochemical agonists, induces a differing pattern of platelet biomarkers—with enhanced PSE and thrombin generation on the platelet surface. This differential biomarker phenotype of SMPA offers the potential for early detection and discrimination from that mediated by biochemical agonists.
Some Genetic Aspects of Sex

FPROM the genetic point of view it is advantageous to begin by considering sex in the broader sense of sexuality. It is not generally realized that genetics has finally solved the age-old problem of the reason for the existence (i.e., the function) of sexuality and sex, and that only geneticists can properly answer the question, "Is sex necessary ? " There is no basic biological reason why reproduction, variation and evolution can not go o01 indefinitely without sexuality or sex; therefore, sex is not, in an absolute sense, a necessity, it is a "luxury. " It is, however, highly desirable and useful, and so it becomes necessary in a relativistic sense, when our competitorspecies also are endowed with sex, for sexless beings, although often at a temporary advantage, can not keep up the pace set by sexual beings in the evolutionary race and, wheii readjustments are called for, they must eventually lose out. Thus sexual beings form most of the central and the continuing portions of the evolutionary tree from which ever and again new sexless end-twigs sprout off. Whatever the secondary needs of present-day somatoplasm may be, there is no fundamental protoplasmic need for rejuvenation of the germ plasm through sexual union, no reason to believe that "protoplasmic stimulation" is per se produced by mingling of unlike germ plasms, nor any evidence that variation of the hereditary particles is induced by "panmixia. " A more reasonable claim might be made out for the new genetic concept of "heterosis" as furnishing the function of sexuality and
Temperature‐growth divergence in white spruce forests of Old Crow Flats, Yukon Territory, and adjacent regions of northwestern North America

We present a new 23‐site network of white spruce ring‐width chronologies near boreal treeline in Old Crow Flats, Yukon Territory, Canada. Most chronologies span the last 300 years and some reach the mid‐16th century. The chronologies exhibit coherent growth patterns before the 1930s. However, since the 1930s, they diverge in trend and exhibit one of two contrasting, but well‐replicated patterns we call Group 1 and Group 2. Over the instrumental period (1930–2007) Group 1 sites were inversely correlated with previous‐year July temperatures while Group 2 sites were positively correlated with growth‐year June temperatures. At the broader northwestern North America (NWNA) scale, we find that the Group 1 and Group 2 patterns are common to a number of white spruce chronologies, which we call NWNA 1 and NWNA 2 chronologies. The NWNA 1 and NWNA 2 chronologies also share a single coherent growth pattern prior to their divergence (ca. 1950s). Comparison of the NWNA 1/NWNA 2 chronologies against gridded 20th‐century temperatures for NWNA and reconstructed northern hemisphere summer temperatures (ad 1300–2000) indicates that all sites responded positively to temperature prior to the mid‐20th century (at least back to ad 1300), but that some changed to a negative response (NWNA 1) while others maintained a positive response (NWNA 2). The spatial extent of divergence implies a large‐scale forcing. As the divergence appears to be restricted to the 20th century, we suggest that the temperature response shift represents a moisture stress caused by an anomalously warm, dry 20th‐century climate in NWNA, as indicated by paleoclimatic records. However, because some sites do not diverge and are located within a few kilometres of divergent sites, we speculate that site‐level factors have been important in determining the susceptibility of sites to the large‐scale drivers of divergence.
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF GLYCOGEN FROM THE RAT LIVER AND MUSCLE

As reported previously (6, 7, 8), the glycogen particles from the rat liver and muscle appeared as the specific forms of spheroidal branching bodies. The branching structures were more clearly demonstrated in the glycogen particles from the fasted animal and these appearances were different from the aggregated structures. The chemical and physico-chemical properties of glycogens from the rat liver and muscle are demonstrated and discussed in this paper.1. End group assay of the glycogens and β-amylase digestion degree suggested that the average chain length of the liver glycogen was longer than the muscle glycogen.2. The viscosity of glycogen, measured by varing the temperature from 10°C to 70°C, showed the non-aggregated structure of the glycogen. particles.3. The optical rotartory dispersion and circular dichroism spectra of the glycogen were measured using an addition of iodine solution, and only the muscle glycogen showed the Cotton effect.4. The sedimentation coefficient of the liver glycogen showed the larger s value than the muscle one, and the relationship between s value and concentration of the glycogen was discussed.
Differential regulation of starch synthesis gene expression during amyloplast development in cultured tobacco BY-2 cells

Summary Transfer of stationary-phase cultured tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) BY-2 cells into auxin-depleted culture medium induces amyloplast formation. Measurements and microscopic observations of starch content revealed that amyloplast formation begins 18 to 24 h after transfer to amyloplast-inducing medium, and involves morphological changes in plastids and the enlargement of starch granules. To investigate the timing and requirement for de novo protein synthesis in amyloplast development and the enhancement of starch synthesis gene expression, we added cycloheximide to cells grown in amyloplast-inducing media at various times and monitored the changes in plastid morphology, starch accumulation, and the mRNA levels of starch synthesis genes. Cycloheximide immediately inhibited both cell growth and amyloplast development. RNA gel-blot analyses revealed that cycloheximide treatment reduced the accumulation of mRNA for the ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase small subunit (AgpS) and granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) mRNA levels, but did not affect the starch branching enzyme (SBE) mRNA levels. These results suggest that (i) the expression of at least one isoform of SBE is regulated differently from the expression of AgpS and GBSS at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level, and (ii) at least one de novo synthesized protein is required in order to control the expression of AgpS and GBSS
A combined evidence phylogenetic analysis of Anguimorpha (Reptilia: Squamata)

Anguimorpha is a clade of limbed and limbless squamates with ca. 196 extant species and a known fossil record spanning the past 130 million years. Morphology‐based and molecule‐based phylogenetic analyses disagree on several key points. The analyses differ consistently in the placements of monstersaurs (e.g. Gila Monsters), shinisaurs (Crocodile Lizards), the anguid Anniella (American Legless Lizards), carusioids (Knobby Lizards), and the major clades within Varanus (Monitor Lizards). Given different data sources with such different phylogenetic hypotheses, Anguimorpha is an excellent candidate for a combined phylogenetic analysis. We constructed a data matrix consisting of 175 fossil and extant anguimorphs, and 2281 parsimony‐informative characters (315 morphological characters and 1969 molecular characters). We analysed these data using the computer program TNT using the “new technology search” with the ratchet. Our result is novel and shows similarities with both morphological and molecular trees, but is identical to neither. We find that a global combined evidence analysis (GCA) does not recover a holophyletic Varanoidea, but omission of fossil taxa reveals cryptic molecular support for that group. We describe these results and others from global morphological analysis, extant‐only morphological analysis, molecular data‐only analyses, combined evidence analysis of extant taxa, and GCA.
Trajectories of Mini-Mental State Examination Scores over the Lifespan in General Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Analysis

ABSTRACT Objectives: Over the lifespan cumulative changes to the brain lead to cognitive decline and eventually to dementia in 20–25% of adults 85 years and older. A commonly used screening tool for cognitive function is the Standard 30 point Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Though the MMSE is used to screen for dementia, little is known about the changes in scores over the lifespan in general populations. Method: A systematic search was conducted using Cochrane, EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO for articles published from January 1, 2007 to May 25, 2017. Articles were included if they had a longitudinal design reporting at least two MMSE scores. A mixed-effect meta-regression analysis was conducted to examine the influence of age on MMSE score followed by a change-point regression analysis determining the age at which MMSE declines. Results: 45 articles including 58,939 individuals (age range 18–108 years, 61.2% female) summarized 222 MMSE point estimates from 35 cohorts. The meta-regression demonstrated a significant decrease in MMSE scores with higher age (regression coefficient of age: −0.10 (Confidence Interval (CI) −0.15, −0.05)). The average annual decline in MMSE scores identified by the change-point analysis at the age of 41 years and 84 years were −0.04 (95% CI: −0.05, −0.03) and −0.53 (95% CI: −0.55, −0.50), respectively. Conclusions: Between the age of 29 and 105 years MMSE scores decline, with the highest decline between age 84 and 105 years. Clinical Implementations: The use of MMSE should be restricted to higher age categories in aging general populations.
Fitting Biochars and Activated Carbons from Residues of the Olive Oil Industry as Supports of Fe- Catalysts for the Heterogeneous Fenton-Like Treatment of Simulated Olive Mill Wastewater

A series of biochars and activated carbons (ACs) was prepared combining carbonization and physical or chemical activation of cheap and abundant residues of the olive oil industry. These materials were used as Fe-support to develop low-cost catalysts for the heterogeneous Fenton-like oxidation of simulated olive mill wastewater (OMW), the highly pollutant effluent generated by this agroindustry. Commercial ACs were also used as reference. All catalysts prepared were extensively characterized and results related with their performances in the catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO). Results showed a linear relationship of the textural properties of the catalysts with the adsorptive and catalytic performance, as well as the preferential adsorption and degradation of some phenolic compounds (caffeic and gallic acids) by specific interactions with the catalysts’ surface. Despite the best performance of catalysts developed using commercial supports, those prepared from agro-industrial residues present some advantages, including a smaller catalyst deactivation by iron leaching. CWPO results show that catalysts from physically activated olive stones are the most promising materials, reaching total organic carbon and toxicity reductions of 35% and 60%, respectively, as well an efficient use of H2O2, comparable with those obtained using commercial supports. This approach showed that the optimized treatment of this type of residues will allow their integration in the circular economic process of the olive oil production.
(E)‐2‐(2‐Allylidenehydrazinyl)thiazole derivatives: Design, green synthesis, in silico and in vitro antimycobacterial and radical scavenging studies

By understanding the rampant infections of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and inflammations caused due to the generation of radical species during the Mtb infection, a series of (E)‐2‐(2‐allylidenehydrazinyl)thiazole derivatives, with dual‐action properties, was designed. The molecules were designed with a considerable variation in LogP, one of the critical parameters in physicochemical properties, and analyzed for their drug‐likeness. For the synthesis, a simple, green, and multicomponent one‐pot synthesis method was developed. The in vitro inhibition potentials were evaluated against Mtb H37Rv by the microplate Alamar Blue assay. The results reveal that compound 6 was potent, with a MIC value of 6.5 µg/ml, and showed better interactions with the KasA protein with binding free energy (ΔG) of −9.4 kcal/mol. Also, the radical scavenging properties were studied to establish the dual‐action properties of the molecules. Compound 9 exhibited promising antioxidant and nitric oxide radical scavenging activities, with 81.7% and 81.0%, respectively, at 1,000‐μg/ml concentration.
Type of Anemia, Chronic Non-cardiovascular Illnesses, and Outcomes of Patients with ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Objectives To assess the impact of different types of anemia and of concomitant non-cardiovascular chronic illnesses on outcomes of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and baseline anemia admitted to the Intensive Cardiac Care Unit. Methods Based on the mean corpuscular volume, anemia was stratified into: microcytic (<80 fL), normocytic (≥80, <96 fL), and macrocytic (≥96 fL). Data on concomitant chronic non-cardiovascular illnesses including malignancies were carefully collected. Endpoints included in-hospital bleeding as well as all-cause mortality at long-term follow-up. Results Of 1,390 patients with STEMI, 294 patients had baseline anemia (21.2%), in whom normocytic, microcytic, and macrocytic anemia was present in 77.2%, 17.0%, and 5.8% patients, respectively. In-hospital bleeding occurred in 25 (8.5%) of the study population without significant differences between the three groups. At a mean follow-up of 5.5±3.5 years, 104 patients (35.4%) had died. Mortality was the highest in patients with macrocytic anemia, followed by patients with normocytic anemia and microcytic anemia (58.8%, 37.0%, and 20.0%, respectively; P=0.009). Chronic non-cardiovascular condition was identified as an independent predictor of both in-hospital bleeding (odds ratio=2.57, P=0.01) and long-term mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.54, P=0.019). Performance of coronary angiography within index hospitalization was associated with lower long-term mortality (HR 0.38, P=0.001). Mean corpuscular volume did not predict either in-hospital bleeding or mortality. Conclusions Chronic non-cardiovascular illnesses are highly prevalent among patients with STEMI and baseline anemia, and are strongly associated with higher in-hospital bleeding and long-term mortality. Type of anemia is not related to prognosis post-STEMI.
Enhanced Optoelectronic Performance from CVD-grown Metal-semiconductor NiTe2/MoS2 Heterostructures.

Van der Waals heterostructures are the fundamental blocks for 2D electronic and optoelectronic devices. In this work, high quality 2D metal-semiconductor NiTe2/MoS2 heterostructure is prepared by two-step CVD growth. The back-gated field effect transistors (FET) and photodetector based on the heterostructure show enhanced electronic and optoelectronic performance than that of a pristine MoS2 monolayer, owing to the better heterointerface in the former device. Especially, this photodetector based on the metal-semiconductor heterostructure shows three orders faster rise time and decay time than that of the pristine MoS2 under the same fabrication procedure. The enhancement of electronic behavior and optoelectronic response by the epitaxial growth of metallic vdW layered materials can bring a new method to improve the performance of optoelectronic devices.
Dimethylglycine Supplementation in Reduced Energy Broilers’ Diets Restores Performance by Improving Nutrient Digestibility

Simple Summary Nutritional emulsifiers are used to counteract any negative impact on birds’ performance by improving fat digestibility. Reducing the energy content of broiler diets, which can be achieved by decreasing the quantity of supplemented fat, could contribute to the formulation of diets with a lower production cost. Dimethylgycine (DMG) is a bioactive compound with multiple applications and functions, which has been used as a dietary supplement in the feed of monogastric animals. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of DMG supplementation in reduced-energy diets in broilers on performance and nutrient digestibility. It was shown that DMG supplementation in reduced energy broiler diets restored performance indicators to the levels obtained with a standard diet. This effect was probably mediated by the positive effects on the gastrointestinal function of the broilers after DMG supplementation, as evidenced by the improved nutrient digestibility. It is essential for the digestive system in broilers to function optimally, in order to correspond to increased feed consumption and their high production potential. The dietary supplementation of DMG and ingredients with similar emulsifying properties could be used as supportive means for sustainable broiler production. Abstract Reducing the energy content of broiler diets could lead to the formulation of diets with reduced production cost. Dimethylgycine (DMG) has been used as a dietary supplement to enhance dietary fat utilization in poultry. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of DMG supplementation in reduced energy diets on performance and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. Four hundred and eighty day-old broilers were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments: a standard energy diet (PC treatment), a reduced energy diet by 66 kcal/kg (NC treatment) and the reduced energy diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg of DMG (DMG treatment). Fat digestibility was significantly higher in DMG group, compared to PC and NC groups. Intestines and gizzard lesion scores were found to be lower in the DMG group compared to PC. DMG supplementation resulted in lower jejunum pH and ileum viscosity in broilers. Overall, the present study showed that DMG supplementation in reduced energy broiler diets restored growth performance to the levels obtained with a standard diet. This result was probably mediated by the positive effects on the gastrointestinal function of the broilers after DMG supplementation, as evidenced by the improved nutrient digestibility, the reduced gross lesion scores and the lower values in intestinal pH and viscosity.
Tinä, a new swede cultivar with resistance to dry rot and clubroot

Abstract ‘Tina’ is the only cultivar of swede (Brassica napus L. var. napobrassica) resistant to both dry rot (Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. et de Not. ; conidial state: Phoma lingam (Tode ex Fr.)) and clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor.). Tina is also moderately resistant to cauliflower mosaic virus, turnip mosaic virus, and the cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), biotype NZ-1, but not biotype NZ-2). Five cultivars of swede and one cultivar of turnip (Brassica campestris L.) have contributed to the breeding of Tina.