Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Low and Medium Calorific Value Gasification Gas Combustion in IC Engines

Higher hydrogen to carbon ratio of gasification gases produced from solid fuels has been utilized in internal combustion engines (ICE) since long ago. Advancements in the conversion technologies and the abundant availability of solid fuels added with advancements in the technology of gas engines and their fuelling system have renewed the interest and are believed to be transition fuels from carbon based to hydrogen based. Over the past 30 years, there were many trials to bring back the gasification gas technology in ICE. This study is mainly focused on the investigation of technical challenges with lower and medium calorific value gasification gases in IC engines The range of operation of these fuels is found to be influenced by available injection duration and injector pulse width in direct-injection spark-ignition engines. The lower calorific value of these gases also make them less competitive to CNG and H2 in the dual fueling in CI engine even though they have better advantage in the emissions. Furthermore, red glow color deposit was spotted on the surface of the combustion chamber after short running on all fuels that was resulted from decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl (Fe(CO)5) contaminants.
The Evaluations of Bleach as Decontaminant Solution to Promote The Positivity Rate of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Culture for Sputum Specimen

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is still worldwide health problems. Sputum is contaminated by normal flora, that make its should be decontaminated prior to culture. Bleach known as a potent disinfectant, easy to access because it is commercially available, could be the alternative solution as decontaminant in TB culture. Aims Assessing the capability of bleach to promote the positivity rate in TB culture compared by others decontaminant solution. Method We use 35 sputum samples with volume 3-5 ml. The research was conducted at TB laboratory of Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia, by using 35 samples sputum with positive AFB, 3-5 ml. Each sample was divided into 4 groups that were decontaminated by different methods. The methods are 4%NaOH, 2%NALC-NaOH, 5% oxalic acid and 1% bleach. 1% bleach was prepared from commercially bleach. The positive culture was validated using MPT 64. The culture positivity rate was compared based on its AFB score. Result Bleach had the same 100% positivity rate as the 4% NaOH and NALC for (+2) and (+3) AFB. However, its became smaller rate for the (+1) AFB group, which was 88% for bleach and 96% for NALC and 100% for NaOH. Oxalic acid had the smallest positivity rate in all AFB score compared to the others. Conclusion The positivity rate of the bleach as same as 4% NaOH and NALC for AFB score higher than (+2)
Use of Circadian Rhythms to Screen for Fever: A Replication

USE OF CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS TO SCREEN FOR FEVER; A REPLICATION By Michele S. Heckman, B.S.N. , R.N. There are inconsistent guidelines for, and consequently, inconsistent practice in the screening of hospitalized adults for fever. Using the predictive knowledge of circadian thermal rhythms, the purposes of this study were to identify 1) the hour of the day in which most fevers occurred and 2) the necessary frequency of measurement to detect fever. The sample consisted of 55 subjects, ages 22-62. Temperatures were measured at 6 p.m. , 10 p.m. , 6 a.m., 10 a.m., 2 p.m. , and 6 p.m. for 24 hours. Eighteen (51.42#,) of the 55 subjects had fevers during the 24-hour measurement period. Fourteen (77.78#) initial fevers were detected at each of the 6 p.m. measurements. Two (11.11#) initial fevers were detected at 10 p.m. These two subjects continued to be febrile at 6 p.m. the following day. No initial fevers were detected at 6 a.m., 10 a.m., or 2 p.m.
Theoretical Investigation of the Torrefaction Process and the Enhanced Properties of the Torrefied Fuel

Biomass has long been used as a source of renewable energy but its use has been surpassed by fossil fuels due to its lower calorific value and long term storage and handling problems. In order to enhance the use of biomass torrefaction process has been developed. Torrefaction is a pretreatment process in order to increase the efficiency of biomass. Torrefaction is a mild form of pyrolysis carried out between temperature range of 200-3000C in the absence of oxygen. The resulting torrefied biomass is a better hydrophobic fuel with higher calorific value than the original biomass, low SO2 and NOX emissions and much easier storage and handling. The paper is literature synthesis of the principles of torrefaction, the process technology and compares the properties of the torrefied product with the original biomass. It also pays attention to the scope of the torrefaction process and its utilization in development of green energy.
Quantum Unique Factorisation Domains

We prove a general theorem showing that iterated skew polynomial extensions of the type that fit the conditions needed by Cauchon's deleting derivations theory and by the Goodearl–Letzter stratification theory are unique factorisation rings in the sense of Chatters and Jordan. This general result applies to many quantum algebras; in particular, generic quantum matrices and quantized enveloping algebras of the nilpotent part of a semisimple Lie algebra are unique factorisation domains in the sense of Chatters. The result also extends to generic quantum grassmannians (by using noncommutative dehomogenisation) and to the quantum groups 𝒪q (GLn) and 𝒪q (SLn).
1 Behaviour Response among Educated Young Adults towards the H 1 N 1 Pandemic

H1N1 has caused a significant number of fatalities in Malaysia. This study investigated the behaviour response and the attitude of educated young adults towards their health. This study was conducted in a suburban territory. Hypothesis testing was completed using Chi-square and Fisher Exact test and they examined categorical data to compare the differences in proportion. This study concluded that health seeking behaviour and behaviour changes among educated young adults in Malaysia should be improved. There was no strong predictor to indicate that difference in educational background will grant positive difference in health seeking behaviour and behaviour changes with regard to the H1N1 pandemic.
Is Land Titling in Sub-Saharan Africa Cost-Effective?

Is Land Titling in Sub-Saharan Africa Cost-Effective? A cost benefit analysis suggests that the current system of formal titling should not be extended in rural Madagascar and that any new system of land registration would have to be quite inexpensive to be worthwhile. Indeed, establishing a modern property rights system without legally recognizing informal rights may expand the scope for rent-seeking, thus creating additional insecurity (Atwood 1990). Purchasing a titled plot without easily being able to update the name on the document exposes the buyer to the risk that a relative of the seller, sharing the family name, might subsequently claim the plot or challenge the transfer. Analyses omitted here for brevity indicate that there is no significant advantage to owning titled land in terms of a household's access to formal credit, after controlling for the household's landholdings within the mailles (such land being much more likely to be titled), and titled plots are no more likely to be used as collat.
ICT Clusters as a Way to Materialize a National System of Innovation: Malaysia's Multimedia Super Corridor Flagships

Developing countries have realised the need to develop the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector to compete in an environment of increasing globalisation and also the emergence of the knowledge based economy. But given the limited resources, one approach seems to be popular among many countries is the ‘cluster’ based approach for industrial development This paper seeks to highlight one such effort viz. Malaysia's Multimedia Super Corridor (MSC) Cluster with its Flagships approach. The MSC is presented in the paper as a physical manifestation of the NSI, to illustrate how a policy driven – cluster based regional development approach has helped to further national innovative performance and competitiveness
Features of Apoptosis, Induced by Temperature Reduction

We summarised and analysed here the findings on apoptosis contribution into the cell damages, caused by temperature deviation from the physiological norm (below 37°C). The participation of the caspases, causing the disintegration of anti-apoptotic Bcl- 2 family proteins and proteolysis of the DNAase inhibitor, responsible for DNA fragmentation in the apoptosis, induced by a moderate cell cooling, was shown. An important role in cold adaptation mechanism belongs to the RNA-binding protein (cold-inducible RNAbinding protein, CIRP), which is capable to prevent the oxidative stress-induced apoptosis development. We reported here the data, confirming the participation of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant cell components: superoxide dismutase and human peroxiredoxin 1 in apoptosis and cold adaptation. Probl Cryobiol Cryomed 2017; 27(2): 97–109
Aerobic and anaerobic capacity in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: evaluation of the cardiorespiratory response

Objectives: To compare the cardiac response during maximal aerobic exercise in JIA with healthy children. Methods: Thirteen children aged 10 to 17 years with JIA and 9 controls (CON) participated. All performed maximal VO2 and Wingate tests on a cycle ergometer. Cardiac output (CO) was measured during exercise with Doppler echocardiography. Arterial – mixed venous oxygen index (A-VO2) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were calculated. Results: JIA subjects had decreased aerobic fitness (VO2 31.3, CON 47.9 ml/kg/min p = 0.013]. There was no significant difference in CO, A-VO2 or SVR but we observed trends towards lower CO and higher SVR in JIA. During anaerobic exercise JIA subjects completed less total work. Conclusions: Children with JIA have moderate impairment in aerobic fitness. CO and A-VO2 during aerobic exercise did not differ between JIA subjects and CON. Further research with is required to determine factors contributing to limited fitness in JIA. CONTRIBUTING INSTITUTIONS Divisions of Rheumatology and Cardiology, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. School of Human Kinetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Leczenie przerzutów raka piersi do kości Treatment of bone metastases in breast cancer patients

klinicznym u osób z rakiem piersi. Oprócz przedłużenia czasu ich przeżycia, głównym zadaniem jest poprawa jakości życia tych osób. Leczenie przerzutów do kości wymaga podejścia wielodyscyplinarnego, obejmującego ogólne i miejscowe aspekty choroby. Kompleksowa natura choroby przerzutowej wymaga wspólnego wysiłku onkologów klinicznych, ortopedów i radioterapeutów. Zapobieganie powikłaniom kostnym i ich leczenie wymaga wczesnego wykrywania i agresywnego postępowania terapeutycznego. Powikłania miejscowe są leczone metodami chirurgicznymi i radioterapią. Powikłania ogólne i choroba systemowa są leczone hormonoterapią, chemioterapią i dwufosfonianami. Teleradioterapia jest kluczową metodą w paliatywnym leczeniu przerzutów do kości. Jej zastosowanie powoduje zniesienie dolegliwości bólowych oraz pozwala na osiągnięcie miejscowej kontroli przerzutów. Dwufosfoniany, jako inhibitory czynności osteoklastów, są wysoce efektywne w zapobieganiu powikłaniom kostnym i hiperkalcemii.
KAJIAN MODEL DAN PROTOTIPE SCHEMA MATCHING (Studi untuk Menemukan Peluang Pengembangan Model dan Prototipe Baru)

Abstractâ€”Schema matching is critical problem within many applications to integration of data / information, to achieve interoperability, and other cases caused by schematic heterogeneity. Models and the schema matching methods evolved from manual way on a specific domain, leading to a new models and methods that are semi-automatic and more general, so it is able to effectively direct the user within generate a mapping among elements of two the schema or ontologies better. This paper is a summary of literature review on research and publication on models, methods, and prototypes on schema matching within the last 25 years to describe the progress of and research opportunities on a new models, methods, and prototypes. Keywordsâ€”model, hybrid model, prototipe, schema matching
Who Benefited from Trade Liberalization in Mexico? Measuring the Effects on Household Welfare

This study performs an ex-post analysis of the effects of the trade liberalization in Mexico between 1989 and 2000, taking into account regional differences in the Mexican economy. The effects of trade liberalization are first translated into changes in regional prices and wages. Those estimates are plugged into a farm-household model to estimate the effect on households'welfare. The findings suggest that trade liberalization has affected domestic prices and labor income differently both across income groups and geographically across the country, hence producing diverse outcomes on different households. Regarding prices, the results indicate that trade liberalization haslowered relative prices of most non-animal agricultural products and, while reducing the cost of consumption, has reduced households'agricultural income, widening the income gap between urban and rural areas. The findings also show that trade liberalization has had diverse effects on wage rates. Skilled workers, for which trade liberalization has produced an increase in wages, have benefited relative to unskilled workers. Wages of unskilled workers have in many regions decreased as a result of trade liberalization. Similar differences are found in the geographic distribution of the benefits of trade liberalization, with the states closest to the U. S. border gaining threefold more relative to the least developed states in the south. Therefore trade liberalization, although beneficial, has contributed to an increase in inequality between the south and the north of the country, urban and rural areas, and skilled and unskilled labor. From a poverty perspective, the trade liberalization that occurred between 1989 and 2000 has had the direct effect of reducing poverty by about 3 percent, therefore lifting approximately 3 million individuals out of poverty.
EFFECT OF CYTOCHROME P 450 1 A 1 ( CYP 1 A 1 ) POLYMORPHISM ON ASPHALT EXPOSURE-RELATED BIOMARKERS

Asphalt fumes contain polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC). There is a possibility of long-term health effects following chronic exposure by inhalation or skin contamination in asphalt road pavers. Objective: This study aimed at exploring the relationship between urinary 1-OH pyrene as a marker of internal dose of PAHs exposure and serum P53 protein as a response marker with the genetic polymorphism of CYP1A1 as a susceptibility marker among asphalt exposed workers. Methods: This work included 70 male individuals who were divided into an asphalt exposed group (n=43) and a matched control group (n=27). The exposed group was further subdivided into a group of paving and mixing (n=24) and a group of roller and vehicle drivers (n=19). Every participant was subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique to detect the different genotypes of CYP1A1 gene and the expression of the p53 gene mutation. Besides, estimation of urinary 1-hydroxy pyrene (1-OHP) and serum level of mutant p53 protein was done as a PAHs exposure and response biomarkers, respectively. Results: CYP1A1*2A (Valine / Valine) was found to be the most prevalent CYP 1A1 genotype among both exposed and control groups. It was associated 29 Egyptian Journal of Occupational Medicine, 2007; 31 (1) : 29 49 Farahat S.A. et . al 30
Discovery of a massive X-ray luminous galaxy cluster at z = 1.579

We report on the discovery of a very distant galaxy cluster serendipitously detected in the archive of the XMM-Newton mission, within the scope of the XMM-Newton Distant Cluster Project (XDCP). XMMUJ0044.0-2033 was detected at a high significance level (5σ) as a compact, but significantly extended source in the X-ray data, with a soft-band flux f (r 1.6.
American ± Japanese Cultural Differences in Judgements of Expression Intensity and Subjective Experience

A number of stud ies have reported cu ltu ra l d ifferences in in tensity ra tings o f fa cial expressions of emot ion . In the previous research , however, observers made on ly a single in tensity ra ting; thus, it was no t clea r whether observers ra ted the externa l d isplay, o r m ad e an inference abou t the sub jective exper ience of the poser. In th is study, we ob ta ined these two intensity ra tings separa tely from Am erican and Japanese observers. Resu lts ind icated tha t American s perceived greater in tensity in d isplay, but Japanese inferred greater in tensity of sub jective exper ience. W hen exam ined with in-cultu re, American s rated d isplay more intensely than sub jective exp er ience, wherea s there was no d ifference between the two rat ings for the Japanese. We discuss these ® nd ings in relat ion to the concep t o f cu ltu ra l decod ing ru les, and ou tline an agenda for fut u re research that exam ines the exact natu re of these ru les, the relat ionsh ip between decoding, d isplay ru les and self-construa ls, and the ro le o f con text in judging emot ion .
Dimensionality of NAEP Instruments That Incorporate Polytomously-Scored Items.

In this article some results are presented relating to the dimensionality of instruments containing polytomously scored as well as dichotomously scored items, concentrating on the 1992 National Assessment of Educational Progress' (NAEP) mathematics and reading assessment data and several simulated datasets. The maximum likelihood factor analytic procedure of the LISREL 7 computer program was used. Results were evaluated through use of residuals from the fitted model. The square root of the mean squared residual was the statistic used. Overall sample sizes for mathematics were 1,125, 1,173, and 1,064 for grades 4, 8, and 12, respectively. For reading, the sizes were 1,169, 1,271, and 1,139 for each grade, respectively. Results suggest that the dimensionality of data structures in the NAEP assessment is generally not affected by the inclusion of polytomously scored items, but the data structures cannot be generalized to other situations. One reason is the size of the correlations among the scales of the NAEP, and another is the small number of conditions simulated in this study. In addition, the number of polytomously scored items was limited in the 1992 assessment. Eight tables present analysis results, and four figures illustrate the square roots of the mean suared residuals (Contains 32 references.) (SLD) ********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** U S OtoARTMENT OF EDUCATION rri.fice or Ern.ar. onar Research and trnph,erhen, E DuC TIONAL RE SOuRC ES INFORMATION CENTER 'ERIC. hs document has been reproduced as ter es,ed horn the person or ntgantzalion Minor rhanges ha. e been made lo improve '0P`OduChOn duality ------P0m15 Ot tAte. or Opruons stares . n ocx menl do not necessarily te,iresenl otr.oal OF RI position S. ,101( "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY en,e/.se/J TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC). " Dimensionality of NA EP Instruments That Incorporate Polytomously-scored Items
Juridical ontology : the evolution of legal form Deakin ,

»Juristische Ontologie: Die Evolution der Rechtsform«. Juridical concepts – specialized terms used in legal reasoning – have adaptive properties which allow for their coevolution with the social relations that they describe and constitute. Concepts form a bridge between empirical facts and legal norms. As such they allow data about the social world to enter legal discourse and frame normative judgments. Their defeasibility allows them to adjust to changes in their social and economic context. Studying juridical concepts in their historical context opens up new perspectives on institutional change and contributes to our understanding of social reality.
An Adventure into Hungarian Word Order with Cyclic Pregroups

Pregroups are partially ordered monoids where each element has a left and a right adjoint. They have been developed by Lambek and applied to analysis of syntax of natural languages, e.g. from English and French to Japanese, Arabic, and Persian. In recent joint work with Casadio, we introduced the concept of a cyclic Pregroup to formalize clitic movement in French, Italian, and Persian. Our cyclic meta-rules formalize limited kinds of movements of words within a sentence. This paper is an encounter between cyclic Pregroups and the fragment of Hungarian grammar that deals with change of word order. The movement thereof allows for communicating different kinds of emphasis about the constituents of a sentence. We develop a more general version of our previous rules and use them to derive the new type of the verb from its original type in each case of movement.
EFFECTIVENESS AND POTENTIAL USEFULNESS OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION WITH SAPROPEL ON DUCKLINGS AND GOSLINGS GROWTH AND QUALITY INDICES

The effectiveness of complex diet supplementation with organic sapropel was assayed in order to find natural, safe and native feed for young poultry. Sapropel effectiveness of appointed chemical composition was evaluated considering body mass, digestibility, development of the digestive tract and meat quality indices of duckling and gosling. Organic sapropel (pH 7.0) seems to be perspective for diet supplement due to sufficient content of organic material (86.5%), 2.06% N and 12.70% minerals in dry material (DM). Rates of nitrate (409.01 mg kg -1 ) and noxious for health and environment heavy metals (1.72-10.01 mg kg -1 ) did not exceed safety quotas. 7 essential, 3 conditionally essential (His, Tyr and Arg) and limiting (Lys, Trp, Met, Cys) amino acids proved the sapropel suitability for young poultry feeding. Ducklings diet supplemented with 6% of sapropel and goslings not supplemented with it (control group, CG) resulted in the most effective feed conversion rate (3.62 and 3.83 respectively). Meal-based diet supplemented with 9% of sapropel resulted in the highest body mass: 1931 and 2704 g of 40 and 50 days ducklings; 1766 and 3772 g of 20 and 60 days goslings respectively. 9% sapropel supplementation increased body mass of 50 days ducklings and 60 days goslings by 5% and 9% points respectively. Ducklings diet supplemented with 9% sapropel caused better feed assimilation with the highest meat yield (66.7%) exceeding CG by 1.6%. Also 1.7% and 1.1% increase of DM and fat, respectively, in duckling carcass meat were observed. However, the meat quality indices of goslings occurred to be better of CG than those of the 4 th experimental group supplemented with 9% of sapropel;
Roles of Rheum palmatum in the regulation of food intake and neuropeptides expression

뇌의 시상하부는 식욕과 에너지 균형을 조절하는 중요 부분이다. 시상하부에서는 식욕에 관여하는 orexigenic과 anorexigenic neuropeptide들이 존재한다. Neuropeptide Y(NPY)와 Agouti related peptide (AgRP)는 orexigenic neuropeptide라고 불리며 식욕 촉진을 담당하고 있다. Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)와 cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript(CART)는 anorexigenic neuropeptide이며 식욕 억제에 관여한다. 식욕이 제대로 조절 되지 않으면 여러 대사 질환을 유발 하기도 한다. 예를 들어 식욕이 과도하게 억제되면 거식증이 유발 될 수도 있고 반대로 식욕이 지속적으로 촉진되면 비만으로 이어질 가능성이 높다. 이러한 거식증 또는 비만에 대한 효과적인 치료제가 아직 개발되어 있지 않고 현재 개발 되어있는 신약들은 심각한 부작용을 유발 할 수 있다. 반면 천연물은 화학적인 다양성을 가지고 있어서 신약개발에 많은 기여를 한다. 하지만 천연물의 식욕 조절에 대한 연구가 많이 되어 있지 않기 때문에 본 연구에서는 식욕 조절에 관여하는 천연물을 찾고자 천연물신소재은행에서 20가지의 천연물을 선택 하였다. 그 중 대황 추출물이 NPY/GFP reporter cell line과 NPY를 생성하는 다른 신경 세포 주에서도 NPY 발현을 특이적으로 증가 시킴을 확인하였다. 하지만 대황 추출물을 3rd ventricle에 주입 했을 시 쥐의 먹이 섭취와 체중이 감소 하였다. 대황 추출물을 주입 한 후 쥐의 시상하부에서 NPT, AgRP, POMC그리고 CART의 mRNA 발현을 관찰 했을 시 변화가 없었다. 이는 대황 추출물의 식욕 감소 효과가 neuropeptide 조절이 아닌 다른 기전으로 나타날 수 있음을 시사하며, 3rd ventricle 로의 주입이 아닌 NPY 발현 신경세포가 밀집된 arcuate nucleus로 주입하는 방법에 대한 추가 실험이 요구된다. 대황 추출물을 3rd ventricle 대신 arcuate nucleus에 직접 주입하여 식욕 촉진 여부가 확인 된다면 대황 추출물을 이용한 거식증 치료제 개발에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다. ⓒ 2015 DGIST