Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hypertension, BMI, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases

Abstract Hypertension is associated with body mass index (BMI) and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCDs). Whether hypertension modifies the relationship between BMI and CCDs is still unclear. We examined the association between BMI and CCDs and tested whether effect measure modification was present by hypertension. We identified a population-based sample of 3,942 participants in Shuncheng, Fushun, Liaoning, China. Hypertension was defined as any past use of antihypertensive medication or having a measured systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥130/80 mm Hg. BMI was calculated from measured body weight and body height. Data on diagnosed CCDs were self-reported and validated in the medical records. We used logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between BMI and CCDs. Higher BMI was associated with increased odds of having CCDs (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.07–1.31). This association was significantly modified by hypertension (P for interaction <0.001), with positive associations observed among hypertensive individuals (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.14–1.42). Age, sex, and diabetic status did not modify the relationship between BMI and CCDs (all P for interaction >0.10). Although higher BMI was associated with increased odds of CCDs, the relationship was mainly limited to hypertensive patients.
Behavioral Intention Of Young Consumers Towards The Acceptance Of Social Media Marketing in Emerging Markets

Summary The study identifies the factors that influence marketing through social media of users in the Vietnam market, conducted through qualitative and quantitative methods. The research results show that Intention to use social media marketing is directly affected by Attitude towards advertisement and Attitude to electronic words of mouth. Additionally, perceived usefulness, Search Level and Perceived risk are factors that directly affect Attitude towards advertisement. Whereas, material condition and perceived usefulness are factors that affect Attitudes towards electronic words of mouth. This study also provides some implications for marketers through social networks to increase the confidence and effectiveness of marketing campaigns and programs through this channel.
Sources of financing the activities promoting sport and physical education on the basis of the example of Polish foundations and associations

Summary At present 177 thousand associations and 26 thousand foundations operate in Poland, which are involved in many different areas of public benefit activities and finance their activities from various sources. The paper presents the results of own studies carried out on a sample of 100 public benefit organisations conducting activity in the area of supporting and promoting physical education and sport. The main objective of the paper concerns presentation of the possibilities of acquiring funds by the organisations to carry out the statutory tasks associated with the development of sport and physical education and the structure of sources of financing this activity in practice of Polish foundations and associations. The paper analyses legal regulations and domestic and subject literature, presenting possible financing sources of activity of Polish organisations. The empirical studies were carried out based on analysis of the content of substantive reports of public benefit organisations. The verification of statistical hypotheses was carried out using the structure indicator test. The results of the conducted studies confirm the main hypothesis, according to which the public benefit organisations finance the activity promoting sport and physical education mainly from public sources, with the funds originating from the local government budgets playing the most important role. The paper also presents the results regarding the structure of the funds originating from private sources and the mechanism of 1% of personal income tax. The paper tackles the subject seldom discussed in the literature and can play a role in the discussion on the system of financing the public benefit activities given the dynamic development of non-government organisations sector.
Reliability and validity of “S.T.O.N.E” nephrolithometry scoring system to predict the stone-free rate after percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Objective: The objective was to assess the reliability and validity of“S.T. O.N. E” nephrolithometry scoring system to predict the stone-free rate (SFR) after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL). Methods: A total of 123 patients with unilateral radiopaque stones ≥2 cm were included in the study. According to S.T. O.N. E score, five parameters available from preoperative computed tomography (CT) without contrast were measured: stone size (S), tract length (T), obstruction (O), number of involved calices (N), and essence of stone (E). The Stone free rates evaluated within one month postoperatively by plain X-ray and/or CT scan without contrast. Results: The mean S.T. O.N. E. score in this study was 7.4 in stone-free (SF) group and 9.3 in residual stone group (P = 0.0001). Patients with SF comprised 82.1% after the first PNL, whereas 17.9% had significant residual stones >4 mm. Postoperative complications were 8%. The most common complications were bleeding requiring transfusion. The size of stone (P = 0.002) and number of calices involved (P = 0.001) had a statistically significant difference between patients with residual stones, other components were not. There was a statistically significant difference between non-SF and SF according to the hospital stay (P = 0.002). Conclusion: This score predicted the clearance after PNL. The size of calculi and number of calices involved statistically affected the stone clearance, whereas other S.T. O.N. E scoring parameters were not. There was a statistically significant difference between SF and residual stones groups according to the hospital stay (P = 0.0001).
New normality among orthodontists amid pandemic COVID-19

The most recently found illness COVID-19 is a viral disease that started in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The dental procedures consist of the use of aerosols when treating patients. Orthodontists, hence, must be aware of the available evidence and guidelines to create a safe environment for themselves, their patients, and the entire orthodontic team. The following literature includes various protocols, ways out to deal with the pandemic situation, as well as describes the new normality to be accepted post pandemic in clinics as well as college departments.
The aqueous geochemistry of metals in the weathering environment: strengths and weaknesses in our understanding of speciation and process

Abstract Soil profiles developed in different climates and physical settings are highly variable in structure, in mineralogy, in the local biosphere and in the compositions of the soil gas and water phases. Discussion of metals in ‘the weathering environment’ needs to acknowledge and address this diversity. The thermochemical methods developed by Pourbaix (1949) and Garrels and Christ (1965) remain useful predictors of metal speciation and solubility but the approach is valid only for processes involving carbonates, sulphides, hydroxides and similar minerals in soils and sediments. Almost no primary silicates are thermodynamically stable: they spontaneously decompose to non-equilibrium solid products with metal release determined by kinetics. Hydrolysis constants for aquo-complexes are useful indicators of metal speciation, mobility and availability. Recent work on soluble soil organic matter confirms that the active ligands are overwhelmingly oxygen based: phenols, carboxylic acids, alcohols. Many of these molecules compete very effectively with aquo-complexes to form strong metal chelates and appear to be responsible for substantial Al and Fe mobilization within and translocation down soil profiles. It is important to note also that strong clay mineral/organic matter associations (clay-organic complex) will fix metals as a consequence of the same chelation reactions (in this case removing them from solution - retardation).
Studies on Lyotropic Liquid Crystal Formation in the Ternary Systems of a Type of New Cationic Surfactant/n‐Butanol/Water by 2H Quadrupolar Splitting and X‐Ray Diffraction

A new phenomenon, lyotropic liquid crystals appearing in different colors, has been observed under polarized light microscopy in the ternary systems of a cationic surfactant, 3‐alkoxy‐2‐hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium bromide/n‐butanol/water. Some florid multicolor photographs clearly showing texture structure of liquid crystal have been obtained using a polarizing‐light microscope. The structural transformation of these special lyotropic liquid crystals has been confirmed by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Small‐angle X‐ray scattering and 2H nuclear magnetic resonance (2H NMR) were employed to confirm the structure of these liquid crystals.
Use of Response Surface Methodology to Optimize Gluten-Free Bread Fortified with Soy Flour and Dry Milk

The percentages of soy flour (X1) and dry milk (X2) were varied for the production of gluten-free bread to optimize batter softness (Y1), specific volume (Y2), crumb grain score (Y3), bread score (Y4) and bread protein content (Y5). A central composite design was used and second-order models for Y1 were employed to generate response surfaces. When bread protein content was decreased from 10 to 3%, specific volume increased from 3.2 to 4.6 cm3/g and bread score increased too. Nevertheless, the highest crumb grain score was obtained at 7.3% of bread protein content. The results demonstrated that a gluten-free bread can be prepared by adding 7.5% soy flour and 7.8% dry milk to a previously developed formulation, increasing its protein content from 1 to 7.3% and modifying in a small degree, its sensory quality.
Special Section: Beliefs about Human Nature, Culture, and Science: Survey and Symposium

How far has the Darwinian revolution come? To what extent have evolutionary ideas penetrated into the social sciences and humanities? Are the “science wars” over? Or do whole blocs of disciplines face off over an unbridgeable epistemic gap? To answer questions like these, contributors to top journals in 22 disciplines were surveyed on their beliefs about human nature, culture, and science. More than 600 respondents completed the survey. Scoring patterns divided into two main sets of disciplines. Genetic influences were emphasized in the evolutionary social sciences, evolutionary humanities, psychology, empirical study of the arts, philosophy, economics, and political science. Environmental influences were emphasized in most of the humanities disciplines and in anthropology, sociology, education, and women’s or gender studies. Confidence in scientific explanation correlated positively with emphasizing genetic influences on behavior, and negatively with emphasizing environmental influences. Knowing the current actual landscape of belief should help scholars avoid sterile debates and ease the way toward fruitful collaborations with neighboring disciplines.
A Study of the Interpersonal Spread of Human Faeces in Rural Teknaf of Bangladesh

Transfer of human faeces among people was observed by following the normal regular movement of hands of the mother, particularly after defaecation or after cleaning of the bottom of a child. Only those aspects of hand movement were observed which were likely to play an important role in transmitting faeces among human beings. The movement of the hands of 21 mothers with children aged under five years was observed. These mothers were from 21 different households in several villages located within the Teknaf thona. The main objective of this study was to gather first-hand information in order to develop health messages for community members to promote use of water following the cleaning of bottoms after defaecation. The study explored the possibility of contamination of food and water from human faeces through the use of naked hands in cleaning faeces after defaecation.
Colonization of the muscle extracellular matrix components by enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli

– Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are anthropozoonotic agents responsible for repeated food-poisoning cases often caused by contaminated burgers. EHEC are Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC) responsible for foodborne poisoning mainly incriminated to the consumption of contaminated beef meat. Eight serogroups are especially of high-risk for human health, i.e. O157, O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145 and O104. Ruminants are the main natural reservoir for EHEC and primary bacterial contamination occurs at the dehiding stage of slaughtering. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the most exposed part of the skeletal muscles in beef carcasses. Investigating bacterial colonization to the skeletal-muscle extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, it appeared that environmental factors influenced specific and non-specific bacterial adhesion of O157 and non-O157 EHEC as well as biofilm formation. From this first comprehensive investigation of EHEC adhesion to ECM proteins with respect to muscle biology and meat processing, new research directions for the development of innovative practices to minimize the risk of meat contamination are further discussed.
Transport in Gd‐Doped EuO

Transport properties of 2% Gd‐doped EuO with Tc≈123°K have been investigated. The resistivity anomaly in the neighborhood of Tc can be explained satisfactorily by critical scattering theory. Estimates of the exchange interaction between conduction electrons and localized spins are found to vary from 4.9×10−2 eV in Gd :EuO to 4.3×10−2 eV in Gd :EuS.Transport properties of 2% Gd‐doped EuO with Tc≈123°K have been investigated. The resistivity anomaly in the neighborhood of Tc can be explained satisfactorily by critical scattering theory. Estimates of the exchange interaction between conduction electrons and localized spins are found to vary from 4.9×10−2 eV in Gd :EuO to 4.3×10−2 eV in Gd :EuS.
The chemical buffer system in raw and digested animal slurry

SUMMARY Slurry pH is of great importance for the regulation of ammonia volatilization from livestock slurry, and therefore more knowledge of the buffer system controlling pH is urgently needed for modelling ammonia losses from stored and surface-applied slurry. The composition of 17 different Danish cattle, pig and biogas plant-digested slurries was studied. The results were used to describe the main buffer components in the slurries, and to discover the most important chemical components necessary for modelling slurry pH. The results showed that the pH of slurry was mainly controlled by the species NH4+/NH3, CO2/HCO3-/CO32- and CH3COOH/CH3COO-, and that ion pair formation did not change the ionic balance significantly. There were only trace amounts of Ca2+, Mg2+ and inorganic phosphates in solution due to precipitation of CaCO3 (calcite) and MgNH4PO4.6H2O (struvite). Measured electrical conductivities were found to be strongly correlated with the calculated ionic strength.
Deep Learning Models and Applications: A Review

—This Deep learning is a forthcoming field ofMachine Learning (ML). Deep Learning (DL) consists of several hidden layers identical to artificial neural networks. Its strategies comprises of supervised and unsupervised learning techniques to automatically learn the hierarchical representation of deep architecture. As data is becoming larger, deep learning is benefiting in this scenario to deal with such enormous amount of resources. Deep learning methodology related with non-linear transformation to abstract furthermore features in high level data representation. The recent development of architecture and techniques in deep learning shows wide application in various fields using artificial intelligence. As deep learning is becoming popular, it is of utmost importance that users should be efficiently equipped with how the model works, how it fails, how the performance is improved, etc. This paper focuses on describing the notion of deep learning along with its progression. The paper also presents some of the most popular DL models and various application areas where it can be applied. This survey can help researchers to have a proper understanding of the widely used DL models and their applications.
Examinations of the Welded Joint T91 Steel After Service at Elevated Temperature

The article provides results of the microstructure examinations and mechanical properties (hardness and microhardness tests) of the welded joint T91 steel taken from the live steam pipeline. Examined joint has been exploited for about 45 000 hours in a temperature of 535 o C and the steam pressure equals to 13.5 MPa. Examined joint was made as a double bead by the additional materials with a different chemical composition. It was proved that the joint was characterized by a differential microstructure on the cross-section of the weld. Moreover, decarburized zone in the lower alloyed material and carbides zone in the higher alloyed material were revealed in the weld line and on the boundary penetration of beads. Furthermore, it was shown that the main mechanism of a joint degradation is a privileged precipitation of carbides on the grain boundaries, and an increase of their size.
Microsoft Word-BRAIN-2020-00737R_Supplement.docx

Depression is a debilitating disorder that often starts manifesting in early childhood and peaks in onset during adolescence. Neurocognitive impairments have emerged as clinically important characteristics of depression, but it remains controversial which domains specifically index pre-existing vulnerability, state-related or trait-related markers. Here, we disentangled these effects by analysing the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development dataset (n = 4626). Using information of participants’ current and past mental disorders, as well as family mental health history, we identified low-risk healthy (n = 2100), high-risk healthy (n = 2023), remitted depressed (n = 401) and currently depressed children (n = 102). Factor analysis of 11 cognitive variables was performed to elucidate latent structure and canonical correlation analyses conducted to probe regional brain volumes reliably associated with the cognitive factors. Bayesian model comparison of various a priori hypotheses differing in how low-risk healthy, high-risk healthy, remitted depressed and currently depressed children performed in various cognitive domains was performed. Factor analysis revealed three domains: language and reasoning, cognitive flexibility and memory recall. Deficits in language and reasoning ability, as well as in volumes of associated regions such as the middle temporal and superior frontal gyrus, represented stateand traitrelated markers of depression but not pre-existing vulnerability. In contrast, there was no compelling evidence of impairments in other domains. These findings—although cross-sectional and specific to 9–10-year-old children—might have important clinical implications, suggesting that cognitive dysfunction may not be useful targets of preventive interventions. Depressed patients, even after remission, might also benefit from less commonly used treatments such as cognitive remediation therapy.
Predictors of diﬃcult endotracheal intubation in the emergency department: a single-center pilot study

Background: Identifying patients who are at risk of difficult endotracheal intubation is crucial in the emergency department. Therefore, this study evaluated the incidence and predictive factors of difficult tracheal intubation in the emergency department. Methods: This was a 17-month prospective observational study. A difficult airway was defined as Cormack & Lehane classification grades III and IV at the first attempt of intubation. Patients who visited the emergency department, underwent traditional endotracheal intubation from participating physicians, and provided informed consent by themselves or via their delegates were enrolled in this study. Univariate associations between patient characteristics and difficult endotracheal intubation were identified, and statistically significant factors were included in a multivariate binary logistic regression model. A generalized association plot was used to show the relationships between variables. Results: A total of 110 patients were enrolled in the study. The incidence of difficult intubation was 35.5% (39/110). In the difficult airway group, significantly higher body mass index (BMI), and incidence of double chin, thick short neck, Mallampati difficulty, small interincisor distance, small thyromental distance, and upper airway obstruction were noted on univariate analysis. A predictive formula for difficult tracheal intubation was successfully established by the combination of four independent predictors: BMI (odds ratio [OR] = 1.270), thyromental distance (OR = 0.614), upper airway obstruction (OR = 4.038), and Mallampati difficulty (OR = 5.163). A cutoff score of four maximized Youden’s index, providing sensitivity (79.5%) and specificity (81.7%) (95% CI: 0.794 to 0.938). Conclusions: We used four predictors of difficult tracheal intubation, namely, BMI, thyromental distance, upper airway obstruction, and Mallampati difficulty, to create a predictive formula. This formula could help emergency physicians to quickly identify and carefully manage patients with difficult endotracheal intubation and consult experts early if necessary.
Does standardization have an impact on innovation activity in different countries?

Nowadays, innovation and standardization are very important issues. The aim of this paper was to review the relationship between the components of the Summary Innovation Index (SII) according to the European Innovation Scoreboard and the features that determine the innovation level in 35 countries (taking into account the number of the following certificates: ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO 27001, ISO 50001, ISO 22000, ISO 13485) in 2017. The innovation ranking was created for these countries, considering the fact of certification for compliance with the ISO requirements. In this paper, an attempt was made to determine whether countries with very low innovation activity (performance) are at the same time characterized by a very low level of saturation with globally recognized ISO certificates, which confirm the implementation, functioning and improvement of selected types of management systems. The conclusions from the study are as follows: 1) standardization can be seen as an innovation tool; 2) as the number of ISO 9001 certificates increases, the number of ISO 14001 certificates (per the population of 100,000 people) also increases; 3) as the number of ISO 13485 certificates increases, the value of the SII also becomes higher. The features are modelled at 70%; 4) the weakest relationship can be observed between the SII and the ISO 9001 certification; 5) Switzerland obtained the highest mean value set for the innovation index proposed in the study, suggesting that the country can be considered the innovation leader of 2017 from among the countries investigated. The last (35th) place in the ranking was occupied by Ukraine. Acknowledgement(s)The authors are thankful to The Ministry of Science and Higher Education in Poland for financial support to carry out this research.