Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Manipulation Hemiplegia: An Untoward Complication in the Surgery of Focal Epilepsy

N O PROFESSIONAL man gets greater pleasure f rom the record of his successes than a surgeon. How delightful when the uninformed refer to them as miracles ! And how inaccurate ! But no one regrets his failures more. I f there is a further clause t h a t the modern surgeon might add to the Oa th of Hippocrates , i t is this: " I will fai thfully record and analyze m y failures in the care of the sick, seeking the cause so tha t those who follow m a y be warned of danger . " This is such an analysis. The idea t ha t manipulat ion, in the neighborhood of certa in arteries, is an adequate cause of sudden hemiplegia is a ten ta t ive hypothesis. I t is one tha t has forced itself upon us gradually dur ing years of work in a new field. Others will explain it and verify it, or find another cause for this un toward complication of surgery in deep Sylvian areas of the brain. F r o m t ime to t ime during the decade tha t followed 1930, focal cerebral seizures were t r ea ted by excision of portions of the temporal lobe by one of us (W.P.). But realizat ion of how m a n y epileptic pat ients were suffering from tempora l lobe seizures came only gradually. The development of modern surgical the rapy for this group of pat ients dates f rom the mid-nineteen forties. This advance was made possible when the cause of lesions of the t empora l lobe became apparent and assistance f rom electroencephalographers and neuroradiologists was a t hand.
Antiviral Efficacy of a Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Fusion Inhibitor in a Bovine Model of RSV Infection

ABSTRACT Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants. Effective treatment for RSV infection is a significant unmet medical need. While new RSV therapeutics are now in development, there are very few animal models that mimic the pathogenesis of human RSV, making it difficult to evaluate new disease interventions. Experimental infection of Holstein calves with bovine RSV (bRSV) causes a severe respiratory infection that is similar to human RSV infection, providing a relevant model for testing novel therapeutic agents. In this model, viral load is readily detected in nasal secretions by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and cumulative symptom scoring together with histopathology evaluations of infected tissue allow for the assessment of disease severity. The bovine RSV model was used to evaluate the antiviral activity of an RSV fusion inhibitor, GS1, which blocks virus entry by inhibiting the fusion of the viral envelope with the host cell membrane. The efficacy of GS1, a close structural analog of GS-5806 that is being developed to treat RSV infection in humans was evaluated in two randomized, blind, placebo-controlled studies in bRSV-infected calves. Intravenous administration of GS1 at 4 mg/kg of body weight/day for 7 days starting 24 h or 72 h postinoculation provided clear therapeutic benefit by reducing the viral load, disease symptom score, respiration rate, and lung pathology associated with bRSV infection. These data support the use of the bovine RSV model for evaluation of experimental therapeutics for treatment of RSV.
Adaptive Sliding-Mode Neuro-Fuzzy Control of the Two-Mass Induction Motor Drive Without Mechanical Sensors

In this paper, the concept of a model reference adaptive control of a sensorless induction motor (IM) drive with elastic joint is proposed. An adaptive speed controller uses fuzzy neural network equipped with an additional option for online tuning of its chosen parameters. A sliding-mode neuro-fuzzy controller is used as the speed controller, whose connective weights are trained online according to the error between the estimated motor speed and the speed given by the reference model. The speed of the vector-controlled IM is estimated using the MRASCC rotor speed and a flux estimator. Such a control structure is proposed to damp torsional vibrations in a two-mass system in an effective way. It is shown that torsional oscillations can be successfully suppressed in the proposed control structure, using only one basic feedback from the motor speed given by the proposed speed estimator. Simulation results are verified by experimental tests over a wide range of motor speed and drive parameter changes.
Milder multiple sclerosis course in patients with concomitant inflammatory bowel disease

An association between multiple sclerosis (MS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been suggested. The purpose of this study was to compare the disease course of patients with both MS and IBD with that of patients with isolated MS or isolated IBD. Sixty-six MS-IBD patients were identified and were matched with 251 isolated MS and 257 isolated IBD controls. Main outcomes were scores using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) in MS and extent of disease extension in IBD at last clinical evaluation. After a median 12 years of disease duration, the median EDSS and the percentages of patients reaching an EDSS of 3.0 and 4.0 were significantly lower in MS-IBD patients than in controls. MS had no impact on IBD. MS course appears to be milder in patients with concomitant IBD.
Preliminary estimation of infantile exposure to BPA based on the standard quality of baby bottles distributed in Isfahan urban society

Aims: This study was aimed to estimate the bisphenol A (BPA) intake from baby bottles, considering the diversity and the standard quality of the baby bottles distributed in an Isfahan urban society. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in Isfahan in 2011. Baby shops ( n = 33) and drug stores ( n = 7) in four district areas were included in the study. The distribution of baby bottles was investigated regarding their brand, origin, and being labeled BPA free. Estimation of exposure to BPA from baby bottles was made based on the national and international representative data. Results: The products marked as BPA free were found among the western products and limited to two of the selected areas. No BPA free marked baby bottle was distinguished among the Iranian made products. Of the 8% exclusively formula-fed infants, 90% may be the high consumers of BPA from polycarbonate baby bottles, with an intake of 1.5-2 μg/kg b.w. /day for the moderate and 7.5-10 μg/kg b.w. /day in case of worse condition. Conclusion: Considering the current globally accepted threshold daily intake (TDI) for BPA, primary exposure estimation is that feeding using non-BPA-free baby bottles is not a serious health concern in Iran. Thought that threshold level of TDI is discussed to be reduced in future, improvement and revision of the national standards can be effective in reducing the exposure to BPA in Iranian infants so as to provide large margin of safety for them.
Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Phase 2 Study Evaluating the Novel Antibiotic Cadazolid in Patients with Clostridium difficile Infection

ABSTRACT Cadazolid, a novel fluoroquinolone-oxazolidinone antibiotic, exhibits potent in vitro activity against Clostridium difficile, including the epidemic BI/NAP1/027 strain. This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, active reference group, phase 2 study evaluated the efficacy and safety of oral cadazolid in treatment of adult patients with C. difficile infection (CDI). Eligible patients with first occurrence/first recurrence of CDI were randomized 1:1:1:1 to 250, 500, or 1,000 mg cadazolid twice daily (BID) or oral 125 mg vancomycin four times daily (QID) for 10 days. The primary endpoint was clinical cure at test of cure (48 ± 24 h after the end of treatment; modified intent-to-treat population), defined as resolution of diarrhea with no further CDI treatment required. Secondary endpoints included recurrence rate, sustained clinical response (clinical cure without recurrence), and time to diarrhea resolution. Of 84 patients enrolled, 20, 22, 20, and 22 received 250, 500, or 1,000 mg cadazolid BID or 125 mg vancomycin QID, respectively. The primary endpoint was achieved in 76.5% (80% confidence interval [CI], 58.4, 89.3), 80.0% (63.9, 91.0), 68.4% (51.1, 82.5), and 68.2% (52.3, 81.3) of patients, respectively. There was no evidence of a cadazolid dosage-dependent response. Each dosage of cadazolid resulted in a lower recurrence rate than with vancomycin (18.2 to 25.0% versus 50%). Consequently, higher sustained clinical response rates were observed with cadazolid (46.7 to 60.0%) than with vancomycin (33.3%). The times to diarrhea resolution were similar for cadazolid and vancomycin. Cadazolid was well tolerated, with no safety signal observed. The results of this phase 2 study support further clinical development of cadazolid. (This study has been registered in the United States at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01222702 and in Europe with the European Medicines Agency under registration no. EUDRA-CT 2010-020941-29.)
An assay for circulating antibodies to a major etiologic virus of human non-A, non-B hepatitis

A specific assay has been developed for a blood-borne non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANBH) virus in which a polypeptide synthesized in recombinant yeast clones of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is used to capture circulating viral antibodies. HCV antibodies were detected in six of seven human sera that were shown previously to transmit NANBH to chimpanzees. Assays of ten blood transfusions in the United States that resulted in chronic NANBH revealed that there was at least one positive blood donor in nine of these cases and that all ten recipients seroconverted during their illnesses. About 80 percent of chronic, post-transfusion NANBH (PT-NANBH) patients from Italy and Japan had circulating HCV antibody; a much lower frequency (15 percent) was observed in acute, resolving infections. In addition, 58 percent of NANBH patients from the United States with no identifiable source of parenteral exposure to the virus were also positive for HCV antibody. These data indicate that HCV is a major cause of NANBH throughout the world.
Business to business electronic commerce at works!

The Internet brings many changes to our business relationships but the current euphoria about e-commerce and virtual enterprises has a tendency to bury the long experience we actually have in these areas under a lot of hype. Business to business relationships on an electronic basis have a long and successful history if we include intracompany and fax-based business activities. Similarly mail order houses for years have worked with fax and data-network based transactions in business to consumer relationships. Amazon.com in this respect is just a latecomer and a non-profitable one in addition. With the coming of the Internet and the WWW an explosion in public awareness and as a consequence in business to consumer relationships is taking place. The much more important field of business to business relationships (sometimes hyped as virtual enterprises) has seen a much slower development, especially if we include small and medium sized companies. The vast majority of those is very hesitant to move essential parts of their business processes to the Internet. The paper analyzes and discusses some of the reasons for this behavior.
Multi-Objective Optimization Design of In-Wheel Switched Reluctance Motors in Electric Vehicles

The method of the optimization design with multi-objectives for switched reluctance motors (SRMs) in electric vehicles (EVs) is proposed in this paper. It is desired that electric motors for EVs have high torque, high efficiency, and high torque density. Thus, the developed optimization function is selected as the correct compromise between the maximum average torque, maximum average torque per copper loss, and maximum average torque per motor lamination volume, by using three weight factors and three base values. The stator and rotor pole arc angles are selected as the optimized variables. Furthermore, the authors also discuss the design requirements and some constraints on the optimization design. The results of the optimization design show that the proposed method meets the requirements of EVs on electric motors well. A prototype of the optimally designed in-wheel SRM for EVs has been manufactured. This paper provides a valuable method to implement the optimal design of SRMs for EVs.
The aetiology of acute neurological decline in multiple sclerosis: Experience from an open-access clinic

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses contribute to disability and influence treatment decisions. Many centres now provide open access to specialist services for patients with new symptoms. However, there is scarce literature on the spectrum of presentations encountered in this setting. Objective: The objective of this paper is to characterise presentations to an open, rapid-access MS relapse clinic and the impact on disease management. Methods: A retrospective review of outpatient episodes over a three-year period was conducted. Demographic and service data, symptoms, disability, diagnosis and management were recorded according to a standardised proforma. Results: A total of 371 attendances were analysed. A new MS relapse was diagnosed in 216 (58%) episodes, of which 56 (26%) patients had an additional diagnosis which had also contributed to their presentation. Of 266 reports of non-relapse-related symptoms, 73 were unrelated to MS. Treatment interventions were made in almost all relapsing patients and in 70% of patients presenting with acute, non-relapse-related symptoms of MS. Changes to disease-modifying therapies were considered in 28% of consultations. Conclusion: Diagnosing MS relapses is crucial for disease management and yet remains challenging. Clinicians should be aware of differential diagnoses and confounding factors. The high incidence of therapeutic interventions observed suggests that rapid-access clinics represent an effective platform for responsive disease management.
Characterization of Dengue Virus Resistance to Brequinar in Cell Culture

ABSTRACT Brequinar is an inhibitor of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, an enzyme that is required for de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis. Here we report that brequinar has activity against a broad spectrum of viruses. The compound not only inhibits flaviviruses (dengue virus, West Nile virus, yellow fever virus, and Powassan virus) but also suppresses a plus-strand RNA alphavirus (Western equine encephalitis virus) and a negative-strand RNA rhabdovirus (vesicular stomatitis virus). Using dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) as a model, we found that brequinar suppressed the viral infection cycle mainly at the step of RNA synthesis. Supplementing the culture medium with pyrimidines (cytidine or uridine) but not purines (adenine or guanine) could be used to reverse the inhibitory effect of the compound. Continuous culturing of DENV-2 in the presence of brequinar generated viruses that were partially resistant to the inhibitor. Sequencing of the resistant viruses revealed two amino acid mutations: one mutation (M260V) located at a helix in the domain II of the viral envelope protein and another mutation (E802Q) located at the priming loop of the nonstructural protein 5 (NS5) polymerase domain. Functional analysis of the mutations suggests that the NS5 mutation exerts resistance through enhancement of polymerase activity. The envelope protein mutation reduced the efficiency of virion assembly/release; however, the mutant virus became less sensitive to brequinar inhibition at the step of virion assembly/release. Taken together, the results indicate that (i) brequinar blocks DENV RNA synthesis through depletion of intracellular pyrimidine pools and (ii) the compound may also exert its antiviral activity through inhibition of virion assembly/release.
Secuestro pulmonar infradiafragmático asociado a malformación adenomatoidea quística congénita

El secuestro pulmonar (SP) es raro, es la presencia de tejido pulmonar no unido al resto del pulmon pudiendo ser intralobar o extralobar (mas comun). El diagnostico definitivo de una masa abdominal superior fetal solo puede hacerse despues del nacimiento, tras una serie de revisiones ultrasonograficas o de imagenes. Presentamos caso clinico de primigesta, 34 anos. Ecografia en la 17a semana: imagen multiquistica de 15 mm de diametro en polo superior del rinon izquierdo fetal. Cariotipo fetal tras amniocentesis: 46 XX. Ecografia en la 20a semana: ausencia de otras alteraciones estructurales. Ecografia en la 33a semana: imagen multiquistica de 20 mm de diametro, independiente del rinon. Se sugiere diagnostico de neuroblastoma suprarrenal izquierdo. En la 39a semana: nacido de 3160 gramos, Apgar de 9/10, sin complicaciones. Ecografia neonatal: tumoracion mixta de predominio liquido de 3 cm de diametro sobre el rinon izquierdo pero independiente. Resonancia magnetica: masa adrenal izquierda compatible con neuroblastoma. Al 36o dia de vida: laparotomia subcostal izquierda, rinon y glandulas suprarrenales izquierdas normales, comprimidos por tumor quistico de 3 x 2,5 cm, semisolido, adherido al diafragma. Extirpacion completa. Diagnostico anatomopatologico: secuestro pulmonar infradiafragmatico con cambios de malformacion adenomatoidea congenita de tipo II. Los tumores abdominales constituyen el 5 % de las anormalidades detectadas en ecografia prenatal. El diagnostico diferencial incluye neuroblastoma, hemorragia adrenal, tumores renales, teratomas y secuestro pulmonar extralobar intraabdominal (SPEI). El SPEI constituye el 2 a 5 % de los secuestros pulmonares y tiene una alta incidencia de coexistencia con MAQC tipo II.
p27kip1 expression in breast carcinomas: An immunohistochemical study on 512 patients with long‐term follow‐up

p27Kip1 (p27) , a cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor, has an important role in the progression of cells from G1 into S phase of the cell cycle. p27 may act as a tumor suppressor, and several reports suggest that loss of its expression in breast carcinoma is related to tumor progression and poor prognosis. We evaluated p27 immunohistochemical expression in 512 consecutive cases of breast carcinoma with 9 years of median‐term follow‐up. p27 expression was heterogeneous and frequently less intense than in normal cells. Low p27 expression (<50% of reacting cells) was associated with grade III tumors, N0 status, estrogen receptor‐negative status, and low cyclin D1 expression. In the whole series of cases, p27 expression did not predict outcome. In node‐negative cases (249 patients), high p27 expression indicated poor prognosis. p27 was not prognostically relevant in the group of 223 patients with pT1 disease or in the group of 154 patients <50 years of age. We also investigated the prognostic value of the combined expression of p27 and cyclin D1, but no differences in survival were seen in this bivariate analysis. Int. J. Cancer 89:236–241, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of Anti-Infectives Using Phage Display: Biological Agents against Bacteria, Viruses, and Parasites

ABSTRACT The vast majority of anti-infective therapeutics on the market or in development are small molecules; however, there is now a nascent pipeline of biological agents in development. Until recently, phage display technologies were used mainly to produce monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) targeted against cancer or inflammatory disease targets. Patent disputes impeded broad use of these methods and contributed to the dearth of candidates in the clinic during the 1990s. Today, however, phage display is recognized as a powerful tool for selecting novel peptides and antibodies that can bind to a wide range of antigens, ranging from whole cells to proteins and lipid targets. In this review, we highlight research that exploits phage display technology as a means of discovering novel therapeutics against infectious diseases, with a focus on antimicrobial peptides and antibodies in clinical or preclinical development. We discuss the different strategies and methods used to derive, select, and develop anti-infectives from phage display libraries and then highlight case studies of drug candidates in the process of development and commercialization. Advances in screening, manufacturing, and humanization technologies now mean that phage display can make a significant contribution in the fight against clinically important pathogens.
Simple Low-Cost Hysteretic Controller for Multiphase Synchronous Buck Converters

This paper presents a novel hysteretic controller for a multiphase synchronous buck converter supplying low voltage, high current, and high slew-rate loads. The control scheme implements the main control functions for powering such demanding loads, including output-voltage regulation, adaptive voltage positioning, current sharing, and phase interleaving. This paper also describes a control-design methodology based on output-impedance analysis. This design leads to optimal output-voltage transient response with a simple and low-cost control implementation. Simulation and experimental results are reported in order to validate the features of the novel control scheme.
Adaptive Robust Precision Motion Control of Systems With Unknown Input Dead-Zones: A Case Study With Comparative Experiments

In this paper, the recently developed integrated direct/indirect adaptive robust control (DIARC) for a class of nonlinear systems with unknown input dead-zones is combined with the desired compensation strategy to synthesize practical high-performance motion controllers for precision electrical drive systems having unknown dead-zone effects. The effect of measurement noise is alleviated by replacing noisy state feedback signals with the desired state needed for perfect output tracking. Theoretically, certain guaranteed robust transient performance and steady-state tracking accuracy are achieved even when the overall system may be subjected to parametric uncertainties, time-varying disturbances, and other uncertain nonlinearities. Furthermore, zero steady-state output tracking error is achieved when the system is subjected to unknown parameters and unknown dead-zone nonlinearity only. The proposed algorithm is also experimentally tested on a linear motor drive system preceded by a simulated unknown nonsymmetric dead-zone. The comparative experimental results obtained validate the necessity of compensating for unknown dead-zone effects and the high-performance nature of the proposed approach.
HyCom: a domain specific language for hypermedia application development

Presents HyCom, a domain-specific language (DSL) for hypermedia authoring embedded in the language Haskell. HyCom provides a declarative framework for describing hypermedia designs and also automatic application generation. We propose HyCom as a bridge between engineering models and implementation environments. HyCom is based on the principle of programming by combination. A hypermedia application is constructed by the combination and transformation of components, promoting the reuse of existing assets and the abstraction of common patterns. The resulting framework is flexible and practical - yet rigorous and formal - enabling the effective representation of existing engineering methods primitives without loss of expressiveness. We present a real situation in which HyCom is used in the definition of an application developed following systematic steps. By means of an example, we show the general principles underlying its use for the mapping of design concepts to implementation environments.