Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
El Efecto de las Señales Informativas en la Valoración de las Salidas a Bolsa

RESUMEN El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar el efecto de las señales informativas emitidas por la empresa que sale a bolsa sobre la valoración obtenida por los títulos en la primera jornada de cotización en la bolsa española, analizando si dichas señales ejercen una influencia significativa sobre dicha valoración y tomando como período de estudio de 1985 a 1997. El interés de este análisis radica en que permite extraer conclusiones sobre la eficacia de las señales emitidas por la empresa para reducir la asimetría informativa existente entre el emisor y los inversores en la oferta previa a la salida a bolsa. De acuerdo con los resultados de este trabajo, tanto la rebaja del precio en la oferta pública inicial como la proporción de acciones retenida por los directivos en dicha oferta constituyen señales con efecto significativo en la valoración obtenida por las acciones el día que se inicia su cotización en la bolsa española, sin obtener apoyo para el resto de mecanismos de señales considerados.
Running Demands and Heart Rate Responses in Men Rugby Sevens

Abstract Suarez-Arrones, LJ, Nuñez, FJ, Portillo, J, and Mendez-Villanueva, A. Running demands and heart rate responses in men rugby sevens. J Strength Cond Res 26(11): 3155–3159, 2012—The purpose of this study was to examine match running performance and exercise intensity in a Rugby Sevens (7s) team during competitive club-level matches. Time-motion analyses (global position system) were performed on 7 male rugby players during 5 competitive matches in a 2-day tournament. The players covered an average distance of 1,580.8 ± 146.3 m per game (14 minutes). Over this distance, 34.8% (549.7 ± 79.1 m) was spent standing and walking, 26.2% (414.8 ± 105.1 m) jogging, 9.8% (154.6 ± 53.5 m) cruising, 15.5% (244.5 ± 80.1 m) striding, 5% (79.5 ± 37.2 m) high-intensity running, and 8.7% (137.7 ± 84.9 m) sprinting. The average maximal distance of sprints, the number of sprints, the minimum distance of sprint, and the mean sprint distance over the game were 29.5 ± 11.7 m, 7.4 ± 3.9 sprints, 9.1 ± 5.7 m, and 18 ± 7.6 m, respectively. The player's work-to-rest ratio was 1:0.5. For over 75% of the game, the players were exposed to heart rates (HRs) >80% of their maximal HR. There were no statistical differences between the first and second halves in any of the variables analyzed. This study indicates that the physical demands of Rugby 7s are quite different from those encountered in other rugby codes and that the training regimes need to meet the increased overall running demands, the augmented high-intensity running actions, and the reduced work-to-rest ratios.
Analysis of synthetic metabolic pathways solution space

The size and the number of available genome scale metabolic models and reconstructions of different organisms is growing rapidly. Various computational methods and tools are developed in the last decades for metabolic network construction, analysis and optimization in the interdisciplinary scientific branches of systems biology and synthetic biology. A software tool SpaceAnalyzer (SAnalyzer) is developed in Matlab environment for automatic generation of pathways to new metabolites. The necessary time for a metabolic pathway supergraph development using reactions from KEGG database is analyzed. The construction of all the up to 15 reactions long pathways for glucose, glycerol and xylose takes about 11 000 seconds involving about 5500 metabolites from totally 17 000 available metabolites in the KEGG data base. Availability: www.biosystems. lv/sanalyzer.
Does body habitus of patients affect operative difficulty during retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy?

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Because of the limited working space available during retroperitoneal laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN), the body habitus of the patient is likely to affect the risk of operative difficulties. This study sought to determine whether anthropometric measurements based on CT and abdominal radiography could be used to predict operative difficulties during retroperitoneal LRN. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between August 2004 and January 2012, 96 consecutive patients with preoperative CT and abdominal radiography examinations underwent retroperitoneal LRN for a T(1) or T(2) stage renal tumor at our institution. The association between anthropometric measurements and demographics of patients and operative duration, estimated blood loss (EBL), and perioperative complications were retrospectively analyzed. Multivariate analysis was performed, and P<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Anterior perirenal fat distance (P=0.016) and distance from the 12th rib to the iliac crest (P=0.038) were independently associated with operative duration. Only anterior perirenal fat distance (P=0.001) was independently associated with EBL. No intraoperative complications and reoperations occurred. The occurrence or severity of postoperative complications was not significantly associated with anthropometric measurements. Body mass index ≥25.0 kg/m(2) was not significantly associated with operative difficulties. CONCLUSION The anterior perirenal fat distance and the distance from the 12th rib to the iliac crest can be used to predict operative difficulties during retroperitoneal LRN.
Independent Evaluation of the Speech Perception Abilities of Children with the Nucleus 22‐Channel Cochlear Implant System

The performance of 28 children with the Nucleus multichannel cochlear implant, who had used the device an average of 1.7 yr, was examined on a battery of speech perception measures. All children demonstrated better speech perception skills with the implant than they had in the preimplant condition with hearing aids. With the Nucleus implant, 61% of the children demonstrated some open-set speech recognition and another 14% demonstrated closed-set speech recognition. Scores on the tests were corrected for guessing and a hierarchy of test difficulty was developed. The results revealed systematic differences in performance as a function of perception task and test format. The results of regression analyses, which were performed to identify predictors of success, showed that communication mode made a significant unique contribution to the variance in performance among subjects on an open-set word recognition test. When the scores of the children who used oral or total communication were compared on the full battery of tests, however, there were few significant group differences.
A Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization-Based Algorithm for 1-D Phase Retrieval

The previous solutions for 1-D phase retrieval problem usually employed an iterative algorithm applied on a discrete approximation of a signal. The utilization of these algorithms is seriously limited by the unpredictability of their convergence, stagnation and abundant computation. In this paper, a particle swarm optimization algorithm is introduced to solve this problem. Firstly, 1-D phase retrieval was regarded as a constrained nonlinear optimization problem. Secondly, it was converted to an unconstrained nonlinear optimization problem by using penalty function method. Finally, a particle swarm optimization algorithm incorporated with hill-climbing method was used to solve this optimization problem. The effectiveness of our solution is illustrated with some numerical examples.
Differential effects of hormone-replacement therapy on endogenous nitric oxide (nitrite/nitrate) levels in postmenopausal women substituted with 17 beta-estradiol valerate and cyproterone acetate or medroxyprogesterone acetate.

Increased incidence of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women (PMW) is accompanied by ovarian dysfunction; hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can have cardioprotective effects. Because hypertension and atherosclerosis are associated with impaired release of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) and increased levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), we investigated whether HRT augments NO release, and whether these increases are accompanied by a decrease in LDL levels in PMW. We determined serum nitrite/ nitrate (NO2-/NO3-) and LDL levels at baseline (before initiation of HRT) and during the 6th and 12th months of the study. The PMW (n = 26) received continuous oral administration of estradiol valerate (Progynova, 2 mg daily) for 21 days supplemented with either oral cyproterone acetate (CPA; 1 mg; n = 11) or medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA; 5 mg; n = 15) on days 12-21 of each treatment cycle. Blood samples in the PMW receiving HRT were collected at times while the subjects were taking estradiol valerate alone and estradiol valerate plus CPA or MPA. Compared with the samples collected at baseline, serum NO2-/NO3- levels increased significantly from 20.1 +/- 1.58 mumol/L at baseline to 30 +/- 3.7 mumol/L (P < 0.01) in samples collected after 12 months of HRT while the PMW were not taking progestins (CPA or MPA), and to 25.4 +/- 2 mumol/L (P < 0.05) when all the samples, regardless of the treatment with CPA or MPA, were included in the analysis. Moreover, > 30% increase in serum NO2-/NO3- levels were observed only in 13 (responders) out of 26 PMW substituted with estradiol valerate, suggesting that estradiol may improve endogenous NO synthesis in a differential fashion. Compared with baseline, no significant increases in serum NO2-/NO3- were observed in samples collected while the estradiol-treated responders were taking either CPA or MPA. In contrast to NO2-/NO3- serum LDL levels were significantly reduced in samples collected after 12 months of HRT (P < 0.05 vs. baseline). Furthermore, levels of NO2-/NO3 showed a significant negative correlation with the levels of LDL (r2 = 0.17; P < 0.05) in the responders but not in nonresponders. These results indicate that oral administration of estradiol valerate in PMW for HRT increases circulating NO levels, an effect that may contribute to the cardioprotective effects of HRT in PMW. In addition, our data suggests but does not prove that concomitant administration of a progestin may attenuate the beneficial effects of estrogen replacement therapy with regard to NO release. Finally, our data provides evidence for the existence of responders and nonresponders to postmenopausal estrogen treatment with respect to improvement of endogenous NO levels, suggesting that a significant number, but not all, of the hormonally substituted PMW profit fully from the beneficial properties of a HRT.
STUDIES ON PAIN: QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENTS OF TWO PAIN SENSATIONS OF THE SKIN, WITH REFERENCE TO THE NATURE OF THE "HYPERALGESIA OF PERIPHERAL NEURITIS".

The study of sensation in intact human skin has revealed that noxious stimulation results in the perception of pricking and burning pain (1, 2). Furthermore, patients with peripheral neuropathy often experience burning pain on contact with the bed clothes or with slight manual pressure, and yet report an impaired perception of pricking pain. There is disagreement as to whether these are entirely different qualities of pain, or rather aspects of the same quality, seemingly different because of time factors. An attempt has been made with quantitative methods to understand the significance of these two pain sensations of the skin.
Cyclin‐dependent protein kinases: Key regulators of the eukaryotic cell cycle

Passage through the cell cycle requires the successive activation of different cyclin‐dependent protein kinases (CDKs). These enzymes are controlled by transient associations with cyclin regulatory subunits, binding of inhibitory polypeptides and reversible phosphorylation reactions. To promote progression towards DNA replication, CDK/cyclin complexes phosphorylate proteins required for the activation of genes involved in DNA synthesis, as well as components of the DNA replication machinery. Subsequently, a different set of CDK/cyclin complexes triggers the phosphorylation of numerous proteins to promote the profound structural reorganizations that accompany the entry of cells into mitosis. At present, much research is focused on elucidating the links between CDK/cyclin complexes and signal transduction pathways controlling cell growth, differentiation and death. In future, a better understanding of the cell cycle machinery and its deregulation during oncogenesis may provide novel opportunities for the diagnostic and therapeutic management of cancer and other proliferation‐related diseases.
Panic Disorder, Palpitations, and the Awareness of Cardiac Activity

One hundred forty-five consecutive patients referred for ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring for the evaluation of palpitations were studied just before monitoring. They were compared with 75 asymptomatic, nonpatient volunteers. The research battery included a structured diagnostic interview, self-report questionnaires, and perceptual tasks measuring awareness of cardiac activity. After monitoring, symptom reports were compared with concurrent electrocardiographic recordings to determine their accuracy. Forty palpitation patients (27.6%) had DSM-III-R lifetime panic disorder, and 27 (18.6%) had current (1-month) panic disorder. Panic patients were significantly more likely to describe their palpitations as “racing” or “pounding” and to have been awakened from sleep by them. They did not have more cardiac arrhythmias during 24-hour, electrocardiographic monitoring, and their symptom reports were significantly less likely to be due to demonstrable cardiac irregularities. They were not more accurately aware of resting heartbeat than nonpanic palpitation patients. They did score higher on self-report measures of somatization, hypochondriasis, and bodily amplification.
Rapid differentiation of in vitro cellular responses to toxic chemicals by using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

Changes in protein expression as a cellular response to chemical exposure have been well established. Current methods for monitoring cellular responses usually require the use of specific reagents and/or labor‐intensive procedures. The present study demonstrates the concept of using mass spectral pattern to distinguish different cellular responses. The concept is based on the ability to acquire a unique mass spectral pattern directly from a specific cell culture by using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS). The results demonstrate that distinguishable and reproducible spectral patterns can be obtained from different cellular responses. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:161–166. © 2014 SETAC
Childhood Maltreatment Is Associated with Ulcerative Colitis but Not Crohn's Disease: Findings from a Population-based Study

Background:Previous research suggests a link between childhood adversities and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, study limitations prevent generalization of findings. To address this, the current study uses a Canadian population–based sample to investigate the relationship between 3 childhood adversities and 2 types of IBD while controlling for a range of factors. Methods:Secondary data analysis of a subsample of the nationally representative 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey—Mental Health consisted of those with no missing data on any of the variables of interest (n = 21,852). The survey response rate was 68.9%. This study used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios of 3 types of childhood adversities (physical abuse, sexual abuse, and witnessing parental domestic violence) separately for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, each compared with those without IBD. The final model controls for sociodemographics, health behaviors, and mental health. The exposure was assessed by retrospective self-report, and the outcome was by self-report of a health professional diagnosis. Results:In a fully adjusted model, those who are physically (odds ratio = 2.28; confidence interval, 1.39–3.75) or sexually abused (odds ratio = 2.64; confidence interval, 1.61–4.33) during childhood had significantly higher odds of ulcerative colitis than their non-maltreated peers. No relationship is found between witnessing parental domestic violence and ulcerative colitis. None of the early adversities are significantly related to Crohn's disease. Conclusions:Childhood physical and sexual abuse are related to ulcerative colitis, but not Crohn's disease. Future research that can address epigenetic and neuroendocrine factors should investigate pathways through which early adversities may translate into one type of IBD but not another.
Does the early administration of beta-blockers improve the in-hospital mortality rate of patients admitted with acute coronary syndrome?

OBJECTIVES Beta-blockade is currently recommended in the early management of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). This was a systematic review of the medical literature to determine if early beta-blockade improves the outcome of patients with ACS. METHODS The authors searched the PubMed and EMBASE databases for randomized controlled trials from 1965 through May 2009 using a search strategy derived from the following PICO formulation of our clinical question: Patients included adults (18+ years) with an acute or suspected myocardial infarction (MI) within 24 hours of onset of chest pain. Intervention included intravenous or oral beta-blockers administered within 8 hours of presentation. The comparator included standard medical therapy with or without placebo versus early beta-blocker administration. The outcome was the risk of in-hospital death in the intervention groups versus the comparator groups. The methodologic quality of the studies was assessed. Qualitative methods were used to summarize the study results. In-hospital mortality rates were compared using a forest plot of relative risk (RR; 95% confidence interval [CI]) between beta-blockers and controls. Statistical analysis was done with Review Manager V5.0. RESULTS Eighteen articles (total N = 72,249) met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. For in-hospital mortality, RR = 0.95 (95% CI, 0.90-1.01). In the largest of these studies (n = 45,852), a significantly higher rate (p < 0.0001) of cardiogenic shock was observed in the beta-blocker (5.0%) versus control group (3.9%). CONCLUSIONS This systematic review failed to demonstrate a convincing in-hospital mortality benefit for using beta-blockers early in the course of patients with an acute or suspected MI.
An Introduction to Fractals and Hausdorff Measures

It is possible for one to define fractals as those sets which have non-integral Hausdorff Dimension. This paper defines Hausdorff Dimension and rigorously introduces the necessary theory to prove that one such set is indeed a fractal. The first chapter includes a proof of Banach’s Fixed Point Theorem. The Hausdorff Metric is defined and it is mentioned how one produces ‘generators’ for creating self-similiar fractals. The second chapter defines Hausdorff Dimension and proves some characteristics regarding it, including its invariance under different Lp metrics. Frostman’s lemma is introduced as a tool for calculating the Hausdorff Dimension of sets, and examples of fractals are introduced in order to illustrate how one proceeds in calculating the dimension of fractals.
Formulation design, challenges, and development considerations for fixed dose combination (FDC) of oral solid dosage forms

Fixed dose combination (FDC) products are common in the treatment of hypertension, diabetes, human immunodeficiency virus, and tuberculosis. They make it possible to combine two or more drug molecules with different modes of pharmacological actions in a single dosing unit and optimize the treatment. From a patient perspective, they offer convenience, reduced dosing unit burden, and cost savings. From a clinical perspective, aging population in developed countries will need multiple medications to treat age related diseases and co-morbidities. FDC products simplify dosing regimen and enhance patient compliance. As outlined in the article, the number of FDC products has grown over the years and the trend is likely to continue. This review article gives an overview to pharmaceutical scientists about recent trends in the formulation development of the FDC products and provides decision trees to select most optimum formulation development strategy. While some formulation technologies such as multi-layer tablets, multiparticulate systems, active film coating, and hot-melt granulation are discussed in more detail, a few specialized technologies are also introduced briefly to the readers.
Pattern-oriented channel assignment (POCA) scheme for cellular systems

This paper presents a new dynamic channel allocation scheme, called POCA, which allocates channels in a noncentralized fashion. The geographical area is colored according to a cochannel scheme, and it is divided into disjoint clusters. Each cluster is managed by a set of three "color" servers. POCA can assign a channel to any cell dynamically, provided that the new channel does not cause co-channel interference. Simulation results show that POCA performs better than FCA (fixed channel assignment) and some other DCA (dynamic channel allocation) schemes under low and moderate traffic load conditions. Moreover, POCA adapts quickly to any change in traffic patterns.
Integration of Family Dynamics into the Rehabilitation of the Brain‐Injured Patient

&NA; The cooperation and participation of the family is crucial to the rehabilitation of the head‐injured patient. Unfortunately, the families themselves are often in varying degrees of disability and disarray. A highly structured and standardized program can be applied to successfully integrate family needs and priorities into the rehabilitation of the patient. One such program, described in this article, emphasizes ongoing and mandatory family education, shared decision‐making, and flexibility on the part of both family and staff, thus allowing the development of a viable discharge plan. Interventions arising from this program are designed to recognize family needs and to anticipate problems before they arise. Fewer staff/family conflicts minimize time spent on conflict resolution. A better adjusted, better educated family facilitates an enhanced outcome for the patient.
Abnormal function of platelets and role of angelica sinensis in patients with ulcerative colitis.

AIM To explore the abnormal function of platelets and the role of angelica sinensis injection (ASI) in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS In 39 patients with active UC, 25 patients with remissive UC and 30 healthy people, alpha-granule membrane protein (GMP-140) and thromboxane B(2) (TXB(2)) were detected by means of ELISA, 6-keto-PGF(1a) was detected by radioimmunoassay, platelet count (PC) and 1 min platelet aggregation rate (1 min PAR) were detected by blood automatic tester and platelet aggregation tester respectively, and von Willebrand factor related antigen (vWF:Ag) was detected by the means of monoclonal -ELISA. The 64 patients with UC were divided into two therapy groups. After routine treatment and angelica sinensis injection (ASI) + routine treatment respectively for 3 weeks, all these parameters were also detected. RESULTS The PC, 1 min PAR and levels of GMP-140, TXB(2), and vWF:Ag in active UC were significantly higher than those in remissive UC and normal controls (P<0.05-0.01). Meanwhile, 1 min PAR and levels of GMP-140, TXB(2), and vWF:Ag in remissive UC were still significantly higher than those in normal controls (P<0.05). Furthermore, 6-keto-PGF(1a) level in active and remissive UC was remarkably lower than that in normal control (P<0.05-0.01). These parameters except 6-keto-PGF(1a) were significantly improved after the treatment in ASI therapy group (P<0.05-0.01), whereas they all were little changed in routine therapy group (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Platelets can be significantly activated in UC, which might be related with vascular endothelium injury and imbalance between TXB(2) and 6-keto-PGF(1a) in blood. ASI can significantly inhibit platelet activation, relieve vascular endothelial cell injury, and improve microcirculation in UC.