Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Monogamy when there is potential for polygyny: tests of multiple hypotheses in a group-living fish

Monogamy within social groups where there exists a high potential for polygyny poses a challenge to our understanding of mating system evolution. Specifically, the traditional explanation that monogamy evolves due to wide female dispersion, affording males little opportunity to defend multiple females, cannot apply. Instead, monogamy in groups potentially arises because females compete for breeding resources such as breeding sites, food, and paternal care. We conducted manipulative experiments to determine whether females compete over limiting resources within groups of the obligate coral-dwelling goby, Paragobiodon xanthosomus (Gobiidae). Breeding females behaved aggressively toward individuals of their own sex and evicted subordinate females that were large and mature from the group. Experimental removal of nest sites caused breeding partners to breed in alternative nest sites, demonstrating that nest site limitation was not the cause of female competition. Supplemental feeding resulted in an increase in the fecundity of breeding females but no maturation of subordinate females, demonstrating that food-limited female fecundity was a likely cause of female competition. Finally, supplemental feeding of breeding pairs demonstrated that the difference in eggs hatched by fed versus unfed males was less than the difference in eggs laid by fed versus unfed females, suggesting that paternal care limitation might also drive female competition. These results suggest that competition over food and possibly paternal care selects for dominant, breeding females to suppress the maturation of subordinate females to minimize competition. Monogamy in association with group living is therefore likely to have evolved because female competition prevents males from utilizing the potential for polygyny. Copyright 2008, Oxford University Press.
Testing Munk's hypothesis for submesoscale eddy generation using observations in the North Atlantic

A high-resolution satellite image that reveals a train of coherent, submesoscale (6 km) vortices along the edge of an ocean front is examined in concert with hydrographic measurements in an effort to understand formation mechanisms of the submesoscale eddies. The infrared satellite image consists of ocean surface temperatures at inline image m resolution over the midlatitude North Atlantic (48.69°N, 16.19°W). Concomitant altimetric observations coupled with regular spacing of the eddies suggest the eddies result from mesoscale stirring, filamentation, and subsequent frontal instability. While horizontal shear or barotropic instability (BTI) is one mechanism for generating such eddies (Munk's hypothesis), we conclude from linear theory coupled with the in situ data that mixed layer or submesoscale baroclinic instability (BCI) is a more plausible explanation for the observed submesoscale vortices. Here we assume that the frontal disturbance remains in its linear growth stage and is accurately described by linear dynamics. This result likely has greater applicability to the open ocean, i.e., regions where the gradient Rossby number is reduced relative to its value along coasts and within strong current systems. Given that such waters comprise an appreciable percentage of the ocean surface and that energy and buoyancy fluxes differ under BTI and BCI, this result has wider implications for open-ocean energy/buoyancy budgets and parameterizations within ocean general circulation models. In summary, this work provides rare observational evidence of submesoscale eddy generation by BCI in the open ocean.
Length Weight Relationship of Four Commercially Important Marine Fishes of Northern Bay of Bengal, West Bengal, India

Length-weight relationship of four commercially important marine fish species of four genus from four different families were estimated between July 2010 and July 2011 at three different fish landing centers of West Bengal. A total of 1971 individual fishes of four species were measured. Length-weight relationship was established by the formulae: W=aL b . The ‘b’ values and ‘r 2’ values of length-weight relationship of Tenualosa ilisha, Pampus argenteus, Scomberomorus guttatus and Osteogeneiosus militaris were observed to be 3.109, 2.841, 2.894, 2.945 and 0.989, 0.987, 0.991, 0.992 respectively. The condition factor of all these four species were 1.141 ± 0.004 in T. ilisha, 0.649 ± 0.003 in S. guttatus, 1.623 ± 0.008 in P. argenteus and 0.941 ± 0.004 in O. militaris. There was a significant positive correlation between length and weight which indicates that all the four species maintain their shape throughout their life.
Implantation temps réel d'un algorithme de localisation et de reconnaissance de visages sur un FPGA

Nous presentons dans cet article un systeme de localisation et de reconnaissance de visages sur un FPGA. Dans un premier temps, nous discutons notre choix algorithmique. Ensuite, nous decrivons l'architecture d'un reseau de neurones de type RBF. Puis, nous presentons les resultats obtenus pour la reconnaissance de visages. Apres ceci, nous discutons de la complexite du systeme dans le but d'une implantation sur FPGA. Enfin, nous conclurons par les approches techniques futures nous permettant d'ameliorer notre systeme.
A study on Antimicrobial Resistance of Helicobacter Pylori Isolates Recovered from Dyspeptic Patients by Epsilometer Test

The main purpose of the study is to determine resistance pattern of bacterial isolates to selected antibiotics among 88 dyspeptic patients in Iran. Frequency of infection among these patients have been evaluated among dyspeptic patients old (45 boys and 43 girls, aged 5-18 years) from 2016 to 2017.Eighty-eight patients with gastroduodenal disorders were included in the study. Urease test modified Giemsa stain, culture isolation and histopathology of H.pylori isolates were performed as per standard guidelines. H.pylori ATCC 43504 was used as reference strain. Susceptibility of HP isolates to amoxicillin, tetracycline, metronidazole, clarithromycin and levofloxacin was determined using EUCAST break points by E-test method. Antral gastritis caused by H pylori infection (15.91%) with or without extension into the duodenum was prominent endoscopic finding. The study revealed modified Giemsa stain positivity of 13.6%, urease test positivity 23.9%, and culture positivity rate of 18.2%. The three tests Culture, Giemsa, and Urease test found to be significant statistically (P<0.05). H. pylori isolates indicated the most sensitivity against tetracycline, amoxicillin, and levofloxacin. The most rates of resistance of HP isolates were shown to Clarithromycin and metronidazole. Findings showed that the MICs of therapeutic antibiotics for eradication of HP have increased in the past 10 years in northern Iran. Culture and histopathology, urease test, modified Giemsa smear and antibiogram results proved to be helpful in the diagnosis of H. pylori infection. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing can play an important role in experimental treatment of HP infection and management of drug resistant cases of isolates in our country.
Human Sacrifice, Capital Punishment, Prisons & Justice: The Function and Failure of Punishment and Search for Alternatives

»Menschenopfer, Todesstrafe, Gefängnisse und Justiz: Funktion und Scheitern des Strafens und die Suche nach Alternativen«. The history of prisons and methods of incarceration has been a subject of interest and popular distraction since the great European reform movement in the 19th century. Critics (e.g., Foucault 1977) have concentrated their efforts on demonstrating that the ends achieved in the design of prisons and methods of correction have had effects outside of the prison walls in the daily lives of free and innocent citizens, both in the loss of privacy due to increased police surveillance and in the creation of a population of criminals and personnel of the criminal justice system in an integrated culture. Whether we view a society regimented by a uniform ideology like the Soviet Union or one with a less systematic one like the USA, the effects are clear. This paper examines the practice and ideology of prisons, in historical context and in cross-cultural analysis. Worldwide incarceration of people takes up an increasing amount of state budgets and targets in many cases minorities or ethnic groups. This has economic effects on society at large and specifically those minorities as well as repressing the incomes of sectors of cities. Public health is impacted as is education and inequality enhanced. Prisons and punishment differ historically in the same culture and between cultures. The goal of punishment and discipline in society has many forms, to control certain populations, to enrich others and to define certain behaviors and people as dangerous. Inevitably we want to know, can we do without prisons in complex society? Is our system of punishment accelerating the collapse of social capital in America and social cohesion?
The impact of international financial reporting standards adoption and banking reforms on earnings management: evidence from Nigerian banks

This study examines stock market reaction and the impact of IFRS adoption on the Nigerian stock market. The paper also evaluates the effect of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) reforms on earnings management of Nigerian banks. The result indicates no evidence of any significant effect on the market but a negative stock reaction in the medium term. Our finding highlights mixed impact of IFRS adoption on earnings management; but a significant decrease in earnings management in the post CBN reforms. Our study shows that adoption of IFRS was wrongly timed in Nigeria as the fragile investors' sentiment which was just recovering from the shock of the global financial crisis could have been weakened by the negative market returns. These results have signal effect on investors.
Predicting the Virtual Financial Communication Content: A Discriminant Analysis Applied on Small and Medium Stocks

In competitive environment, information is an important aspect of organization management. In fact, information supports decision making process, improves operational activities, and enhances organizational effectiveness and governance. Therefore, information should be communicated effectively to specific stakeholders throughout an extremely well-integrated system. Financial information system is an important component of the information system. It aims to provide reliable financial information regarding firms listed in stock market. In this case, financial information is viewed as a main ingredient of virtual financial communication. This research aims to provide more insights about financial information provided by financial information system. Indeed, the study tries to explain to what extend financial information could predict the virtual financial communication content. The sample contains 64 organizations listed on the Casablanca stock exchange. A content analysis of websites and financial statements analysis are used for each company. Based on virtual financial communication content, two groups are constructed. We use three financial indicators for measuring the performance of these two groups. The discriminant analysis shows to what extend specific financial indicators could predict the virtual financial communication content. As results, these indicators show different levels of ability to predict virtual financial communication content. Our findings, when confronted to the literature, explicit convergences about the predictability of on-line corporate disclosure.
Feed resource utilization and dairy cattle productivity in the agro-pastoral system of South Western Uganda

A cross-sectional study was carried out in six sub-counties of Kiruhura district, South Western Uganda with the aim of assessing feed resource utilisation and dairy cattle productivity. Individual interviews using a semi structured questionnaire were conducted in seventy five households. The mean land holding, grazing land and cultivated land were 74, 70 and 2 ha, respectively. Majority (61%) of the farms kept Ankole × Friesian crossbred cattle and the average daily milk production per cow per day for low grade and high grade crossbred cows was 5.4±1.3 and 7.4±2.6 L, respectively. The mean in months for age at first calving (AFC) was 30.7±9.8 and 25.9±4.9, calving interval (CI) was 12.6±3.2 and 11.4±1.1, and open period 3.5±2.7 and 2.3±1.2 for low grade and high grade cross bred cattle, respectively. A few farms (7%) maintained a constant herd size from the previous two years, while (67%) registered decreases in herd size and 27% increased their herd size. Natural pastures were the major feed resource throughout the year for all households and the majority (71%) did not provide any feed supplement during dry season or conserve the excess pasture produced in the rainy season. The average stocking rate was 1.4 ± 0.98 TLU/ha which was high and this was aggravated by increasing use of land for cultivation. The use of crop residues and agro-industrial by products was low. The average annual dry matter production on farms meets only 83% of the annual dry matter requirements for an average herd. The major constraints to livestock production were the high costs incurred in disease prevention and treatment (62%), feed shortage (40%) and drought related challenges (31%). It was concluded that feed availability could be improved by equipping the farmers with feed resource management techniques such as improved management of grazing lands, conservation of pastures in the form of hay, and proper utilization of crop residues and agro-industrial by-products, through training and provision of dedicated extension services. Key words: Dairy cattle, feed resource, crossbred, cattle productivity.
Perception of a multidisciplinary team on the factors contributing to adverse events at a university hospital

The objectives of this study were: to analyze the perception of a multidisciplinary team of a university hospital on factors contributing to adverse events (AE); to associate such factors to Parasuraman, Berry and Zeilthaml’s dimensions of service quality. This is an exploratory and descriptive study with a quantitative approach and prospective data collection. The population consisted of 98 professionals with a BS in Health. Data was collected from May to June 2010, through a questionnaire with the consent of the Research Ethics Committee of that institution. The research population consisted mostly of young adults; 74.5% were female; 31.6% had a post-graduate degree. The perception of professionals on the factors influencing AE related to dimensions of quality was: responsiveness to customer’s right to refuse procedures; empathy towards customers’ satisfaction and confidence in recommending the institution. Among the participants, pharmacists and nurses conveyed their perception more emphatically. The most cited AEs were: expected or unexpected (according to package insert) pathological effects in medical treatments, medication errors and falls. This research helped to understand the perception of the multidisciplinary team about the factors contributing to the occurrence of adverse events; it supports the redesign of care and management processes focusing on risk management.
Picture Maze Generation by Repeated Contour Connection and Graph Structure of Maze

A picture maze is a maze on which some picture appears when a player successfully solves it. This paper proposes an automatic generation method of such a maze. Given a binary picture, the method extracts the contours and adjusts the structure of the contours to that of a maze path. Then it connects all the contours to make one single cycle. This cycle is actually the maze solution path which traverses all the contours of the original binary picture. Accordingly, the picture will clearly appear on the maze when it is solved. There are a number of aims in this paper. First is to provide a clear explanation of the structure of an ordinary square grid maze; second is to illustrate how contours of a binary picture are organized as a graph; third is to provide the intuitive and straightforward method to construct a picture maze by converting the contours into one single contour; fourth is to demonstrate that the maze can be complex to bury various binary pictures or shapes such as letters, words, logos, pictograms and sentences, therefore be capable to transmit messages.
Analysis and Design of High Step-Up DC-DC Converter for Photovoltaic Application

Now a day’s Photovoltaic power generation is essential for the developing countries to meet their electricity demand. The power generated from the (PV) module has been connected to the panel through the proper channel of DC-DC converter and DC-AC inverter. This paper proposes a new high step up DC-DC converter with floating active switch which acts as a high state drive. This floating active switch isolates energy from the PV panel when the ac module is off. It also regulates the DC interface between the DC-AC converters. The high step up voltage conversion ratio is achieved with numerous turns ratio of a coupled inductor and appropriate duty ratios. The energy stored in the leakage inductor with the help of magnetizing inductor of a coupled inductor is efficiently recycled to the load through the output capacitor. With an input voltage of (Vin) 15V and 250V output voltage is obtained. An output power of 97W is also obtained from the designed converter circuit. Its maximum full load efficiency is better than conventional convert model. Keywords-AC Module, floating active switch, coupled inductor, high step up Voltage conversion ratio.
Expert Finding System using Latent Effort Ranking in Academic Social Networks

The dynamic nature of social network and the influence it has on the provision of immediate solutions to a simple task made their usage prominent and dependable. Whether it is a task of getting a solution to a trivial problem or buying a gadget online or any other task that involves collaborative effort, interacting with people across the globe, the immediate elucidation that comes into anyone's mind is the social network. Question Answer systems, Feedback systems, Recommender systems, Reviewer Systems are some of the frequently needed applications that are used by people for taking a decision on performing a day to day task. Experts are needed to maintain such systems which will be helpful for the overall development of the web communities. Finding an expert who can do justice for a question involving multiple domain knowledge is a difficult task. This paper deal with an expert finding approach that involves extraction of expertise that is hidden in the profile documents and publications of a researcher who is a member of academic social network. Keywords extracted from an expert's profile are correlated against index terms of the domain of expertise and the experts are ranked in the respective domains. This approach emphasizes on text mining to retrieve prominent keywords from publications of a researcher to identify his expertise and visualizes the result after statistical analysis.
The Potential of Liver Fibrosis Indexes/Scores for the Screening of Cryptic Liver Fibrosis in Patients with NASH Risk Factors: A Case Report

The unintentional discovery of cirrhosis in a patient with prostate cancer lead us to enquire if some of the indexes/scored designed for the evaluation of liver fi brosis/cirrhosis, in Chronic Hepatitis C patients, could have helped us in the detection of incipient liver fi brosis, and its follow up, in this patient.
On Legal Sanctions

Sanctions are officially imposed punishments aimed at enforcement of legal obligations. They are said to constitute the core, if not the defining characteristic, of the legal order. Inadequate sanctions are blamed for the failures of legal control in such divergent areas as international law, domestic crime, and civil rights. Despite the presumed importance of sanctions in the legal process, however, serious attention has rarely been paid to the topic. ' This paper examines sanctions from the perspective of the social sciences. It consists of two parts: a brief review of existing knowledge relevant to legal sanctions, and a preliminary report of a field experiment aimed at generating more information on the subject. The first part begins with an oversimplified account of conventional wisdom in the area of sanctions, uses some research findings to show the inaccuracy of many of these conventional beliefs, and suggests the complexity of the problem. The second part narrows the questions to be examined, describes the research technique employed in trying to answer some of these questions, and gives initial results from that research. Both parts are presented here in a frank effort to elicit suggestions which will make the final report more useful as a social scientific contribution to iurisDrudence.2
[6]-Gingerol Attenuates Autophagy and Increases Activities of Antioxidative Defense Enzymes in Mice with Cerulein-induced Acute Pancreatitis

The current study investigated the effects of [6]-gingerol, a ginger phytochemical, on the expression of autophagy-related genes and the activation of antioxidative enzymes in the pancreas of mice with cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. The following were studied: pancreatic edema, -amylase activity in serum, expression of autophagy genes, activities of antioxidative defense enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and the production of lipid peroxidation (LPO). The results revealed that cerulein-induced edema in the pancreas and -amylase activity in the cerulein group significantly increased compared with that of the control. However, that of the [6]-gingerol pretreated group was significantly decreased compared with that of the cerulein-alone injected group (positive control). There was no significant difference compared with that of control. The expression of autophagy-related proteins, including Beclin-1 and cleaved microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3, were significantly increased in the positive control but significantly decreased in the [6]-gingerol-pretreated group. Furthermore, the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in the positive control were decreased compared with those of the control. However, those of the [6]-gingerol pretreated group were significantly increased compared with those of the cerulein-alone group. The mRNA levels and antioxidant enzyme activities were similar. The production of LPO in the cerulein with and without [6]-gingerol groups was increased by 133.1% and 26.3%, respectively, compared with that of the control, whereas that of the [6]-gingerol-pretreated group was significantly decreased by 48.5% compared with that of the positive control. Therefore, [6]-gingerol may be a strong candidate in reducing autophagy and LPO production and in enhancing antioxidative enzyme activities to help prevent acute and chronic pancreatitis.
Teorias e Protocolos para Simulações Quânticas de Dinâmicas Moleculares de Car-Parrinello e Metadinâmica

As simulacoes de dinâmicas moleculares, em sintese, fazem o uso de algoritmos adequados que tem por finalidade a resolucao das equacoes de movimentos realizados pelos atomos e moleculas. Esta comunicacao, trata-se de um guia basico a qual se pretende pontuar aspectos qualitativos sob uma visao generalizada, fornecendo um levantamento de suas aplicabilidades. Aqui, expomos o processo operacional, bem como conceitos especificos de metodologias derivadas, especificamente Dinâmica Molecular de Car-Parrinello e Metadinâmica. Os resultados apresentados tem funcao apenas de visualizacao para o leitor, fornecendo melhor entendimento.