Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Machine learning in medicine: an algorithm for automatic 12-lead ECG classification.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide, killing about 17.9 million lives each year (WHO, 2016). The growing demand for diagnostic testing is leading to the development of new solutions for automatic classification of recorded signals. The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a standard tool in the diagnosis of many cardiovascular diseases. Creating a robust and fast algorithm for automatic classification of ECG signal is crucial to improve the quality of healthcare, especially in countries where there is a lack of experienced specialists and where the healthcare system is overloaded. The aim of PhysioNet Challenge 2020 is to create an algorithm for classification of 12-lead ECGs including nine classes: AF, I-AVB, LBBB, Normal, PAC, PVC, RBBB, STD, STE. The initial training set consisted of 6,877 ECG recordings (sampled at 500 Hz) lasting from 6 to 60 seconds. We propose the machine learning algorithm based on neural networks. The ECG signal was pre-processed using moving median filters to remove high-frequency noise and baseline wandering. Next, we removed all signal segments with a low quality and distorted morphology of the complexes using a simple threshold method based on standard deviation of ECG signal. We used an alternative hybrid approach to QRS detection in order to obtain RR time intervals. It consists of two complementary methods in a hierarchical order: one based on nonlinear transformation and first-order Gaussian differentiator as superior and the other based on wavelet transform. We selected 57 features: 24 features were proposed in sample entry (written in MATLAB) and 33 created based on international criteria for diagnosing abnormal classes featured in the Challenge. The best overall score (geometric mean of F 2 and G 2 ) we achieved in the unofficial phase of the PhysioNet Challenge 2020 is 0
Growth and ferromagnetic resonance of yttrium iron garnet thin films on metals

High-quality yttrium iron garnet (YIG) thin films were grown on a sandwich structure that consisted of a thick Cu layer and two thin cladding layers. The cladding layers were high entropy alloy nitrides (HEAN) and served as barriers to prevent Cu diffusion and oxidation during the YIG deposition. The Cu and HEAN layers were deposited by sputtering. The YIG films were grown by pulsed laser deposition. The YIG films had a thickness of several hundreds of nanometers, a surface roughness of several nanometers, and (111) orientation. The films showed a peak-to-peak ferromagnetic resonance linewidth of 1.1 Oe at 9.45 GHz.
Prediction of Apnoea and Non-apnoea Arousals From the Polysomnogram Using a Neural Network Classifier

In this study we present a system for automated processing of signals from the polysomnogram (PSG) for the detection of apnoea and non-apnoea arousals. The PSG signals were divided into 15 second epochs and 59 time- and frequency-domain features were derived for each epoch. Features from adjacent 4 epochs were combined and processed with a bank of ten feed-forward neural networks each with a single hidden layer of 20 units. The system outputs a 200 Hz annotation signal containing probability estimates that each sample was associated with an apnoea or non-apnoea arousal, or no-arousal. Data from the Physionet Computing in Cardiology Challenge 2018 was used to develop and test the system. Performance of the system was assessed using three class and two class metrics. With the system classifying three classes, the volume under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) surface was 0.75 with an optimal specificity of 0.72, a sensitivity of 0.76 for the apnoea arousals, and a sensitivity of 0.69 for the non-apnoea arousals. When the two arousal classes were combined into one arousal class, the area under the precision recall curve was 0.74, the area under the ROC curve was 0.91, with an optimal specificity and sensitivity of 0.85.
Chemical Vapor Deposition of ZrO2 Thin Films Using Zr(NEt2)4 as Precursor

By using tetrakis(diethylamido) zirconium [Zr(NEt 2 ) 4 ], excellent quality ZrO 2 thin films were deposited with high growth rates on alumina and glass substrates by chemical vapor deposition. The depositions were carried out in a hot wall reactor at reduced pressure (200 Pa) in the temperature range 500-580°C and in the presence of oxygen. The as-grown films are colourless, smooth and well-adherent to the substrates. SIMS analysis evidenced pure ZrO 2 with a slight superficial contamination of hydrocarbons and nitrogen. The films have a tapered polycrystalline columnar structure well visible in SEM micrographs. From X-ray diffraction analysis. the monoclinic phase resulted as the major phase together with a small variable amount of tetragonal zirconia. Under 550°C the as-grown films resulted highly textured and were dominated by the (020) orientation. The films were annealed in the range 600-1000°C and the effect of annealing on the texture and on the phase and dimensions of the crystallites have been studied.
STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF THE PLANT EXTRACT OF PROSOPIS FARCTA ON THE GRAM NEGATIVE AND GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA, ISOLATED FROM DIFFERENT INFECTIONS

The effect of Prosopis farcta extract was studied on positive and negative bacterial species of gram that isolated from different infections. The effectiveness of active isolates from the leaves of P. farcta was tested for the growth of four types of positive and negative gram in Agar-well Diffusion test, these isolates were obtained from the Samarra General Hospital in Salah al-Din Governorate. These isolates included Gram positive bacterial strains Staphylococcus. aurous, while the Gram negative bacteria, used in this study, are Escherichia coli, Pseudomonous aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Brucella militensis. These isolates were first diagnosed and tested according to their phenotypic properties. Using a number of biochemical tests, the results showed that all active substances isolated and diagnosed had an inhibitory effect on the growth of these bacterial strains and discrete diameters vary according to the active substances and their concentrations.
Self-Assembly of Carboxyalkylphosphonic Acids on Metal Oxide Powders

The structures formed by adsorption of carboxyalkylphosphonic acids on metal oxide powders were characterized by solid-state NMR and FTIR-PAS (Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy). A series of diacids, HO2C(CH2)nPO3H2 (n = 2, 3, 11, and 15), were deposited on nonporous TiO2 and ZrO2 powders and nanocrystalline ZrO2 with average particle diameters of 21, 30, and 5 nm, respectively. Solid-state 31P NMR, combined with FTIR-PAS, indicates that the phosphonic acid group binds selectively to the surface, producing a monolayer of carboxylic acid terminated chains. The average chain conformation depends on the substrate in addition to the chain length. Ordered samples display thermal order/disorder transitions similar to other self-assembled monolayer systems. The more restricted chain mobility relative to analogous methyl-terminated chains is attributed to hydrogen-bonding among the pendant carboxylic acid groups. These results demonstrate that phosphonic acids are useful for selectively introd.
Calculation of Thermodynamic Values for Agricultural Residues as Potential Renewable Energy Resources

Researchers are focusing on discovering new economic and renewable energy sources, and they are proving that new kinds of renewable energy resources are becoming more widespread day by day. One of these energy resources is agricultural residues. The specific purpose of this publication is to provide engineers involved in combustion and thermochemical conversion with appropriate thermodynamic data so that they can dispose of waste materials and utilize biomass for energy and exergy in a more effective and environmentally acceptable manner. The effective disposal of waste materials is an important part of the maintenance of a high-quality environment, and combustion/thermochemical conversion offers the most significant means of volume reduction for waste materials when compared to other methods of disposal. In addition, the potential of biomass for energy and exergy is being increasingly recognized and realized. All totaled, 35 materials have been compiled covering properties, such as ultimate analyses, the higher heating values, the lowest heating values, and the chemical exergy (eCH). Selected agricultural residues are listed alphabetically.
Role of Metal Nanoparticles in TiO2/Ag Nanocomposite-Based Microheterogeneous Photocatalysis

The photocatalytic performance of anatase TiO2 nanorod-stabilized Ag nanoparticles has been investigated during the reductive bleaching of a model dye, Uniblue A (UBA), in homogeneous organic solutions. The activity of the TiO2/Ag nanocomposite has been found to vary continuously during the course of photocatalysis, following a concomitant light-induced modification of the metal nanoparticle size and size distribution. The direct involvement of the metal particles in mediating electron transfer between photoexcited TiO2 and the target UBA is explained on the basis of the size-dependent redox properties of the metal nanoparticles. The present results can be useful in the design of new composite materials with well-tailored photocatalytic properties and long-term stability.
Hansen solubility parameters for selected cellulose ether derivatives and their use in the pharmaceutical industry

AbstractThe paper describes a laboratory method used for determining the partial solubility parameters of five METHOCEL* and six ETHOCEL* cellulose ether products. A simple computer spreadsheet has also been devised to calculate the partial solubility parameters from the laboratory data. These new laboratory derived values extend the data base of solubility parameters that have been used to explore certain cellulose ether applications. The cellulose ethers are characterized in terms of non-polar, polar, and hydrogen bonding behavior. METHOCEL A, E, F, K and J cellulose ethers all have similar solubilities and are thus assigned solubility parameters in the range of non-polar (δ d) = 17.4 - 18.2, polar (δ p) = 14.6 - 16.5, hydrogen bond (δ h) = 15.5 - 19.4 with a radius of interaction of 10.3More organic like solubility is shown by the six ethoxy cellulose ether derivatives. The range of Hansen partial solubility parameters are non-polar (δd) 16.6 - 17.3, polar (δp) = 6.6 - 8.3, and hydrogen bond (δh) = 8.5.
The retrieval of geometrical 3-D edges from multiband camera images

Camera images can be used to measure the geometry of man-made objects. An iterative weighted least-squares estimator with knowledge of imaging and reflection models retrieves the geometrical parameters of objects in a 3-D scene from 2-D image projections. We investigate the use of multispectral imagery which allows us to separate diffuse and specular reflection before estimating geometry. We built a multispectral camera measurement system that has been used to capture real images of a cylindrical body. These have been processed to analyse the propagation of radiometrical noise from reflection via imaging into reflection component separation. The purpose of this research is the development of a radiometrical noise model for use in our geometry estimator.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO ESPELEOLÓGICA DE CAVERNA BASÁLTICA: NOTAS PRELIMINARES DA CAVERNA DO PAU OCO NO MUNICÍPIO DE ENÉAS MARQUES - PR

RESUMO A caverna do Pau Oco localiza-se no município de Eneas Marques, no sudoeste do Paraná, sendo margeada pelo rio das Antas. A presente cavidade foi formada pelos derrames vulcânicos da província magmática Serra Geral, que teve o seu ápice durante o Mesosóico. A fim de reconhecer as cavidades que até então eram raras no Brasil, uma comissão cientifica se deslocou ao sudoeste do Paraná para identificação a campo, e o resultado desse trabalho deu origem ao presente artigo e uma serie de produções que virão, já que a região é objeto de uma pesquisa de extensão, desenvolvida pelo departamento de geociências da Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Visando divulgar as descobertas e o projeto pioneiro na região, o presente artigo tem como objetivo caracterizar a Caverna do Pau Oco, que foi a primeira a ser identificada na região, e discutir o seu significado geológico, geomorfológico e espeleológico em caráter preliminar. A metodologia do presente trabalho constitui-se em revisão bibliográfica e visita in loco na área da caverna, observandose detalhadamente o seu interior e entorno, e utilizando técnicas de prospecção em campo com instrumentação especifica. Observou-se que a caverna apresenta uma morfologia cárstica em estágio de desenvolvimento, e que a sua estruturação geológica muito pode nos dizer sobre sua evolução.
RuGavSnw Nowotny Chimney Ladder Phases and the 14-Electron Rule

A series of ruthenium gallium stannides have been prepared with stoichiometry RuGavSnw, where 8+3v+4w=14 and 0<v<0.70. These samples have been analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The data show that these compounds are Nowotny chimney ladder phases with both commensurate and incommensurate structures. We show that there are special characteristics in chimney ladder powder diffraction patterns that allow one to determine the ratio of main group atom-sites to transition metal atom-sites to high accuracy. Our results confirm earlier work which suggest that both the stoichiometry and the structure of chimney ladder phases are dominated by electronic factors. The structures reported in this paper adhere to the 14-electron rule, i.e., there are 14 valence electrons per transition metal ion. The interplay of main group and transition metal structures leads to a pseudo c-axis, the presence of which is confirmed by the TEM data. We discuss the relation between these phases and the Fibonacci sequence.
Free radical scavenging abilities of polypeptide from Chlamys farreri

We investigated the radical scavenging effect and antioxidation property of polypeptide ex- tracted from Chlamys farreri (PCF) in vitro using chemiluminescence and electron spin resonance (ESR) methods. We examined the scavenging effects of PCF on superoxide anions ( O? 2 ), hydroxyl radicals (OH·), peroxynitrite (ONOO-) and the inhibiting capacity of PCF on peroxidation of linoleic acid. Our experiment suggested that PCF could scavenge oxygen free radicals including superoxide anions ( O2? ) (IC50 =0.3 mg/ml), hydroxyl radicals (OH·) (IC50 = 0.2 μg/ml) generated from the reaction systems and effectively inhibit the oxidative activity of ONOO- (IC50 = 0.2 mg/ml). At 1.25 mg/ml of PCF, the inhibi- tion ratio on lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid was 43 %. The scavenging effect of PCF on O? 2 , OH· and ONOO- free radicals were stronger than those of vitamin C but less on lipid peroxidation of linoleic acid. Thus PCF could scavenge free radicals and inhibit the peroxidation of linoleic acid in vitro. It is an anti- oxidant from marine products and potential for industrial production in future.
Design of the photonic crystal demultiplexers for ultra-short optical pulses using the gap-maps analysis

In the work, the new method for the design of the wavelength division multiplexer on the basis of 2D photonic crystal integrated circuit for the ultra-short pulses channel separation is proposed and investigated. The method is based on the analysis of full photonic bandgap maps that allows defining the ultra-short pulse demultiplexer parameters selection. For the method approbation, there was synthesized the device in which the wideband filters are used for the channel separation. As it was expected, the device effectively separates 50 fs pulse channels with 1.31 and 1.55 microns wavelengths. The obtained spectral characteristics and pulse pattern responses validate the efficiency of the proposed method and the applicability of such devices to the integrated photonic information processing circuits.
On the crystal structures and hydrogen bond patterns in proline pseudopolymorphs

Amino acids often cocrystallize with water molecules, which make them pseudopolymorphs of their anhydrous forms. In this work, we discuss in detail the hydrogen bond patterns in anhydrous L-proline and DL-proline and its pseudopolymorphic forms: L-proline monohydrate and DL-proline monohydrate. For this propose, the crystal structure of L-proline anhydrous was determined from synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data and refined using the Rietveld method. Special emphasis is given to the role played by the water molecule in the hydrogen bond network observed in the crystalline structures.
Long‐term lime pretreatment of poplar wood

Long-term lime pretreatment has proven to increase digestibility of many herbaceous lignocellulose sources; but until this work, its effects had not been evaluated on wood, whose lignin content is higher, and therefore, more recalcitrant to enzymatic hydrolysis. In this study, the mild conditions of long-term lime pretreatment (1-atm pressure, temperatures ranging from 25 to 75°C, and reaction times between 1 and 12 weeks, with and without air) were systematically applied to poplar wood available in two batches with different lignin contents. These batches were designated as low-lignin biomass (LLB) with lignin content of 21.4% and high-lignin biomass (HLB) with lignin content of 29.1%. Full factorial designs resulted in 79 samples of pretreated poplar that were analyzed for lignin and carbohydrates pretreatment yields, and enzymatic digestibility (15 FPU/g glucan in raw biomass cellulose loading). After aerated lime pretreatment at 65°C for 4 weeks, and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis, an overall yield of 0.76 g glucan + xylan recovered per gram glucan + xylan in raw biomass was obtained. This is equivalent to an increased poplar wood digestibility of 7.5-fold compared with untreated biomass. Different batches of the feedstock resulted in different lignin and carbohydrates pretreatment yields; however, overall yields of carbohydrates (combining pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis) were similar.
High-Power (over 100 mW) Green Laser Diodes on Semipolar {2021} GaN Substrates Operating at Wavelengths beyond 530 nm

Continuous-wave operation of InGaN green laser diodes (LDs) on semipolar {2021} GaN substrates with output powers of over 100 mW in the spectral region beyond 530 nm is demonstrated. Wall plug efficiencies (WPEs) as high as 7.0–8.9% are realized in the wavelength range of 525–532 nm, which exceed those reported for c-plane LDs. The longest lasing wavelength has reached 536.6 nm under cw operation. These results suggest that the InGaN green LDs on the {2021} plane are better suited as light sources for applications requiring wavelengths over 525 nm.
Infrared Vibration-Rotation Spectroscopy: From Free Radicals to the Infrared Sky

Calculation of Vibration-Rotation Energy Levels: Symmetry, Transformations, Open-Shell Molecules. Effective Hamiltonians for Flexible or Floppy Molecules. Rovibrational Line Intensities and Lineshapes: Linear and Non-Linear Spectroscopy. The Experimental Measurement of Infrared Spectra. Analysis of the Vibration-Rotation Bands of Linear Molecules. Analysis of Symmetric and Spherical Rotor Spectra. Asymmetric Rotor Bands. Electric and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Laser Spectroscopy of Free Radicals, Ions and Weakly Bound Molecules. Spectroscopy of the Earth's Atmosphere: Interplay Between High-Resolution Laboratory Spectroscopy and Remote Sensing. Astrophysical Spectra. Indexes.
CHITOSAN: A MULTIFACET POLYMER

Objective: Chitosan is considerably versatile and promising biomaterial. It is a natural, tough, cationic, nontoxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible polymer obtained by alkaline deacetylation of chitin. Chitin is a polysaccharide obtained from exoskeletons of crustaceans and sea insects such as crab, krill, shrimp and crawfish etc. Besides the formerly mentioned resources it is also obtained from some fungi and bacterial cell walls. Methods: Chitosan has found wide applicability in conventional pharmaceutical devices as a potential formulation excipient, some of which include binding, disintegrating, stabilizing, suspending, tablet coating, and film forming material. Chitosan has been comprehensively investigated for its suitability for its controlled release characteristics in various studies. Chitosan presents remarkable absorption and penetration enhancing properties that makes it a good candidate for the delivery of genes and peptide. Results: It is possessing tremendous mucoadhesive and inherent anti-microbial properties, so that it can be used as a carrier for novel drug delivery. In addition to the above mentioned reasons, tailoring the controlled release and to improve the therapeutic efficacy of the low molecular weight drug compounds can also be achieved by this polymer and moreover in combination with various polymers is feasible due its compatibility i.e. low chemical reactivity. Conclusion: This brief editorial epitomizes the potential application of chitosan in the development of drug delivery systems. Keywords: Chitosan, Drug delivery, Gene delivery, Pharmaceutical applications.
Immobilization of Heavy Metals in Soil Using Natural and Waste Materials for Vegetation Establishment on Contaminated Sites

Contaminated land is increasingly becoming an important issue worldwide. Many contaminants are persistent in soil for a large number of years. With the increase in public awareness regarding the consequences of contaminated soil, many researchers are concentrating on developing cost-effective and socially acceptable soil remediation technologies. Soils of many sites, which have been left derelict after industrial decline, harbor a broad suite of metal and organic contaminants. Land where such contaminants are deemed to pose a significant risk to receptors is considered contaminated under modern guidance. Remediation to break identified pollutant linkages would precede reclamation and plant establishment. One approach to break the pollutant receptor linkage is to utilize materials that effectively create soil conditions that immobilize contaminants whilst providing essential plant growth properties in terms of nutrition and water holding capacity. Materials that may achieve this include: 1) composts derived from materials such as sewage sludges and other municipal sources; 2) natural or synthetic zeolites; or 3) industrial by-products such as red-mud or other iron-rich materials such as iron grit or iron oxyhydroxides. Remediation techniques that utilize such materials may be cost-effective compared to more traditional methods and may effectively divert materials from the waste stream and could thereby make a dual contribution to sustainable development.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Methyl Epijasmonate

Methyl epijasmonate (1) was stereoselectively synthesized from 3-hydroxymethylcyclopentanone (7). The intramolecular alkylation of bromoketone (8) or (9) was the key step to exclusively afford thermodynamically more stable oxahydrindanone (10) or (11). Synthesis was achieved in a 6% overall yield in 12 steps from (7).