Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory airway disease in horses: The association between bronchoalveolar lavage cytology and pulmonary function testing

Inflammatory airway disease (IAD) describes a condition of non-septic inflammation of the lower airways in horses. The disease occurs principally in adult horses and has an apparent worldwide distribution. The most common clinical signs of IAD include poor athletic performance, cough, and/or increased tracheobronchial secretions. Inconsistencies in disease definition, sampling methods and laboratory techniques have limited comparisons between studies. Essential criteria for diagnosis of IAD, as stated by the 2007 ACVIM consensus statement, include documentation of non-septic inflammation or pulmonary dysfunction based on evidence of lower airway obstruction, airway hyperresponsiveness, or impaired blood gas exchange at rest or during exercise. A definitive diagnosis is currently based on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology and/or pulmonary function testing (PFT). The correlation between BALF cytology and pulmonary function testing (PFT) has been poorly defined. The primary aim of this study was to characterise the relationship between BALF cytology and PFT with histamine bronchoprovocation methods in a population of sedentary asymptomatic horses. The principal hypothesis was that a strong association exists between these two diagnostic methods. On the basis of BALF cytology the majority of horses in this study had lower airway inflammation as defined by published criteria. The study thus highlights that normal values for cell proportions in BALF might vary between populations of horses. Despite an obvious overlap between inflammatory BALF cytological profiles and airway hyperresponsiveness, no statistical association between these two diagnostic methods was found in this population of horses. The secondary aim was to assess the reliability of the Open Pleth™ PFT system Acceptable reliability {ICC: 0.655 (95% CI: 0.098, 0.952; significance: 0.011)}) was demonstrated using the Flowmetrics Plethysmography™ system with histamine bronchoprovocation. In conclusion, airway inflammation and airway hyperreactivity are loosely related to each other in this population of horses. The presence of inflammatory cells does not necessarily predict airway hyperresponsiveness on the basis of histamine bronchoprovocation. Likewise, airway hyperresponsiveness can occur in the absence of a BALF inflammatory profile. Further investigation of other potential factors such as inherited abnormalities of smooth muscle contractility, airway wall remodelling, autonomic dysfunction, and the presence of inflammatory cell mediators in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid are warranted.
Immunomodulatory Effects of Topical Ophthalmic Tofacitinib (Cp-690,550) in Dry Eye Disease

Cytokines are not only critical for host defense and immunoregulation, but are also major players in the immunopathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Janus kinases (JAKs) are critical for the intracellular signaling of a large family of cytokines. Tofacitinib (CP-690,550) is a potent and selective inhibitor of JAKs. Oral tofacitinib has been approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the US and is in clinical development for the treatment of other autoimmune diseases. This review highlights the recent observation that topical ophthalmic tofacitinib has immunomodulatory activity in dry eye, indicating that ophthalmic tofacitinib has the potential to reduce ocular surface inflammation and improve ocular surface health in dry eye disease (DED).
“Gender Symmetry” in Domestic Violence

Despite numerous studies that report the preponderance of domestic violence is perpetrated by men against women, other empirical studies suggest that rates of domestic violence by women and men are equivalent. This article explores these claims of gender symmetry in intimate partners'use of violence by reviewing the empirical foundations of the research and critiquing existing sources of data on domestic violence. The author suggests methods to reconcile the disparate data and encourages researchers and practitioners to acknowledge women's use of violence while understanding why it tends to be very different from violence by men toward their female partners.
Coronary calcium score and thickness of carotid middle intima in patients with suspicion of ischemic heart disease

INTRODUCTION: The coronary calcium's score and the quantification of media intima thickness are developing methods used in atherosclerosis diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: To assess the coronary calcium score relation to classic cardiovascular risk factors and the carotid media intima thickness. METHODS: Sample included 70 patients with suspicion of ischemic heart disease. In all of them the coronary calcium was quantified by 64 scans tomography and the media intima thickness by medias of ultrasound (US). Using continuously the dependent variable (coronary calcium score) we made a simple linear regression to obtain the regression coefficients (s). The statistic significance level (α) used was of 95 % (value p< 0,05 as statistically significant). RESULTS: Calcium score was higher in male sex subjects increasing linearly and annually with age in 11.4 UA. The correlation coefficient between calcium score and age was of 0.36 statistically significant (p= 0,002). The 88.9 % of patients with a media intima thickness greater than 1mm had some degree of coronary calcification, was twice greater than those with a media intima thickness less than 1 mm. Correlation value (r) with carotid media intima thickness was of 0.24 (p= 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Age, male sex and increase of carotid media intima thickness, is significantly related to presence and quantity of coronary calcification.
Animal health and disease monitoring in the abattoir

All slaughter animals are examined before and after slaughter by an Official Veterinarian. Findings of diseases and conditions that could affect public health or animal health have to be reported to the management of the abattoir and the private veterinarian as well as the farmer of the farm of origin. The abattoir provides a vast amount of information on zoonotic and notifiable diseases, as well as diseases relevant for animal husbandry or on-farm animal health. Notifiable diseases can be identified through clinical signs (e.g. foot-and-mouth disease), but in specific cases samples are taken for serological surveillance (e.g. Aujeszky's disease). Surveillance and monitoring schemes are generally based on the Terrestrial Animal Health Code of the World Organisation for Animal Health. Bovine tuberculosis is another example of a disease for which monitoring and surveillance is often entirely based on abattoir detection. For transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) abattoir sampling constitutes an im.
SCIENTIFIC REPORT Effect of hypertension on foveolar choroidal haemodynamics

Methods: Laser Doppler flowmetry was used to determine relative choroidal blood velocity (Chvel), volume (Chvol), and flow (Chflow) in the centre of the fovea. Measurements were obtained in 15 eyes of 15 subjects with systemic hyperten- sion. The mean average duration of hypertension was 11 (SD 6) years. Findings obtained in these patients were compared with those of 15 eyes of 15 age matched healthy controls. All subjects had normal eye examinations. Results: No significant differences in Chvel ,C h vol, and Chflow, were found between the subjects with and without systemic hypertension despite a 17% higher perfusion pressure (PP) in patients with hypertension. No significant correlation was found between mean arterial pressure or PP and the choroidal circulatory parameters. It was estimated that there is a 90% power to detect a 35% difference in Chflow between the two groups. Conclusion: Systemic hypertension does not seem to have a large effect on the choroidal circulation in hypertensive patients that are controlled by antihypertensive therapy. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether systemic hypertension has an effect on the choroidal circulation in patients with ocular diseases.
CERVICAL SCREENING IN ENGLAND: LIqUID-BASED CyTOLOGy IN THE CONTExT Of MODERNIzATION Of THE NHS CERVICAL SCREENING PROGRAMME

The article will briefly explain the processes of organized screening in the NHS Cervical Screening Programme (NHSCP). Quality control is well established and monitored by regional quality assurance reference centres. The final outcome of screening is also monitored by national cervical cancer mortality and incidence rates: data will be presented for rates of in situ and invasive cervical carcinoma before and after the introduction of organized screening. The NHSCSP is using the introduction of liquid-based cytology as a platform for modernization, which is planned to include high-risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV) testing for low-grade cytology triage as well as a test of cure after treatment. Trials of computer-assisted screening are also in progress. High standards of quality control will be needed in the era of vaccination, when prevalence of preinvasive and invasive cervical cancer will decline. The NHSCSP is well placed to take on these challenges, if necessary by introducing primary HR HPV testing so that cytology screening can be concentrated on women who are genuinely at risk.
Thickness of Posterior Palatal Masticatory Mucosa: The Use of Computerized Tomography

Background: Periodontal plastic surgery is used to fulfill the esthetic and functional demands of patients. The palatal masticatory mucosa is the main donor site for connective tissue, and the thickness of the graft tissue obtained is an important factor for the success of this technique. The aim of this study was to measure the thickness of masticatory mucosa in the posterior palatal area using computerized tomography (CT). Methods: The thickness measurements were performed on the images of 100 adult subjects who underwent CT on the maxilla for implant surgery. Twenty-four standard measurement points were defined in the hard palate according to the gingival margin and the middle palatal suture. The radiographic measurements were used after calibration. The data were analyzed to determine the differences in the mucosal thickness according to gender, age, tooth position, and depth of the palatal vault.Results: The overall mean thickness of the palatal masticatory mucosa was 3.83 ± 0.58 mm (range: 2.29 to 6.
The Development of Nursing Care Services Model for Low Birth Weight Infants

Introduction: Low birth weight (LBW) infants deal with various problems during transitional period from intra-uterine and extra-uterine because of immature organs’ functions. This leads to LBW as the second death cause in Indonesia, particularly in the fi rst seventh days of infants’ lifes. The problem continues to occur at home when the infants have discharged. This research was aimed to develop the nursing care services model for LBW infants and to test the model. Method: The research design was an action research using quantitative and qualitative approach. This design was chosen as it facilitated improvement in health care system, which was involving nurses and other health providers. Results: Nursing care services provided by the nursing team are hindered by several factors, such as various level of nurses’ knowledge, not optimal health education activities, incomplete standard operational procedure, ethical dilemma, paramedic functions, and documentation system. This model was developed based on conservation and becoming a mother/maternal role attainment theory, family-centered care principles, and input from the experts through focus group discussion. Conclusion: The result of this research is going to increase the quality of nursing care for LBW infants by achieving nurses’ and parents’ satisfaction in giving care for their infants which can lead to lower infant death rate.
FLOATING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: A NOVEL APPROACH TO PROLONG GASTRIC RETENTION

Conventional oral dosage forms having low bioavailability problems due to their rapid gastric transition from stomach, in case of drugs which are less soluble at alkaline pH of intestine. Further drugs which produce their local action in stomach, get rapidly emptied do not get enough residence time in stomach. Hence, the frequency of dose administration in such cases is increased. To avoid these problems, various efforts have been made to prolong the retention time of drug in stomach. Floating drug delivery system (FDDS) is one of the most important approaches in prolonging the retention time of drug in stomach. FDDS is low-density systems that have sufficient buoyancy to float over the gastric contents and remain buoyant in the stomach for a prolonged period of time without affecting the gastric emptying rate. While the system is floating on the gastric contents, the drug is released slowly at the desired rate which results in a better control of the fluctuations in plasma drug concentration. Based on the mechanism of buoyancy, two types of technique employed for development of floating dosages form: effervescent and non-effervescent. This review given the detailed outline of floating drug delivery system with their advantages over the conventional drug delivery system and also include limitation. The purpose of this review is to compose the recent work going on this delivery system and provide valuable information related to formulation aspect to achieve prolong gastric retention and discussed the various challenges in it and measure to overcome them.
Prone position and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in acute respiratory distress syndrome

Abstract Introduction: The acute respiratory distress syndrome is an inflammatory process originated by some pulmonary diseases, resulting in non-hydrostatic protein edema of the pulmonary parenchyma. The loss of the lung ability to eliminate carbon dioxide generates complications such as refractory hypoxemia, decreased alveolar dysplasia, increased complacency and hypercarbia. The treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome, consist in measures to prevent lung diseases progression and optimize oxygenation. Objective: To identify, in the international scientific literature, cases or series of cases reporting the combined application of prone position and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, as well as the benefit of these rescue therapies. Method: This is a systematic review of case reports that show the benefit of combined therapies in the treatment of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Results: From the research strategy and selection criteria were included 8 studies reporting 19 cases of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome who received the combination of the two rescue therapies. All studies showed that extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was the primary intervention. There were no reports of adverse events. Conclusion: The combinations of therapies positively interfere on the prognosis of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, in addition to presenting no additional risks in terms of the occurrence of adverse events; however, the prone position should precede the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as first-line intervention. PROSPERO Registration No. CRD42018093076
Evaluation of Resistance to Ciprofloxacin and Identification of Mutations in Topoisomerase Genes in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia Isolated from Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections

Ad dress for Cor res pon den ce Roya Chegenelorestani MD, Kermanshah University Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran Phone: +98 83 34262252 E-mail: lorestani25@yahoo.com ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-8137-5378 Re cei ved: 05.01. 2019 Ac cep ted: 01.04. 2019 1Kermanshah University Medical Sciences, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran 2Emam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Keyghobad Ghadiri1, Alisha Akya1, Azam Elahi2, Somaye Jafari1, Roya Chegenelorestani1
Usefulness of neurohormonal markers in the diagnosis and prognosis of heart failure

The recent insights into the pathophysiology of heart failure drawn from studies of mechanisms that lead to ventricular remodelling will be briefly reviewed. Neurohormonal activation has been considered to be an adaptative process activated in response to a fall in cardiac output. Its main goal is to maintain perfusion to the vital organs and assure peripheral perfusion. This activated mechanism is generally adaptive in the short-term and maladaptive over the long-term. There are a number of regulatory peptides and hormones activated in heart failure causing vasoconstriction, water retention and cell growth, and proliferation. There are also counter-regulatory peptides that are released in an attempt to offset the maladaptative actions previously described; their effects being vasodilation, reduction of fluid retention, and inhibition of cell growth and proliferation. Although, a balance between these two opposite hormones and peptides will lead to the stabilization of heart failure, there is now direct evidence that chronic neurohormonal activation makes an important contribution to the progression of heart failure. The circulating inflammatory cytokines are increased in patients with heart failure. On the basis of a growing body of experimental evidence, cytokines have been associated with negative inotropic effect and left ventricular (LV) remodelling. Expression of the iNOS has been found in myocytes of explanted hearts of patients undergoing heart transplantation. The increased NO within the myocardium can also promote cytotoxic actions inducing myocardial damage, apoptosis, and further disease progression. Moreover, cytokine activation contributes to endothelial dysfunction present in heart failure. The equilibrium between MMP and TIMP plays an important role preserving the stability of collagen that forms the ECM. It has been pointed out that an imbalance between MMP/TIMP, favouring ECM degradation may facilitate the remodelling process. Supporting this hypothesis, increased expression of enzymes that can contribute to collagen breakdown has been found in myocardial tissue of terminal heart failure patients. Heart failure is a complex disorder that is still poorly understood. Only a better understanding of the process that mediates LV remodelling will bring new therapeutic approaches.
Lightweight and DoS Resistant Multiuser Authentication in Wireless Sensor Networks for Smart Grid Environments

Using a smart grid, which increases efficiency and makes it easier to monitor critical equipment in a power grid. Online real-time applications equipped with a wireless sensor network (WSN) sense and collect data in order to provide information on power generation, transmission, distribution, and customer. Applications, the administrator, and (mobile) consumers can access the WSN directly. The communications between them must be protected from adversaries to avoid false data injection, which could cause damage either to the applications, the equipment, or the sensor nodes. Another threat comes from the characteristics of the sensor nodes, which makes them vulnerable to denial of services (DoS) attacks, i.e., flooding with false messages. In this paper, a multiuser dynamic cipher puzzle (M-DCP) equipped with TinySet is proposed. This new method provides guaranteed confidentiality in the multiuser WSN authentication and lightweight DoS resistance. The M-DCP using RC5 encryption combined with the elliptic curve digital signature algorithm (ECDSA) and partial recovery can increase brute force complexity to about $1.861 \times 10^{137}$ iterations. Furthermore, the regularization of TinySet is done to simplify the administrator’s task in defining the initialization parameters. The experiment showed that the regularized TinySet required less storage space with a 64-bit index than with a 32-bit index or with Counting Bloom Filter. In addition, the average query and verification time of the proposed scheme increased only by under a second or 36% compared to Counting Bloom Filter-based authentication. This is still appropriate for implementation in the WSNs.
Bcl-2 and Ki-67 Expression in Young Women with Breast Cancer Genç Yaş Meme Kanserli Kadin Hastalarda Bcl-2 ve Ki-67 Ekspresyonu

Aim: Incidence of breast cancer increases with age and nearly 85% of them are diagnosed after the age of 50. Clinical outcome of breast cancer in young patients is worse than older patients. The aim of this study is to search the difference in expression of bcl-2 and Ki-67 between young and older women with breast cancer, and if there is any; its clinical importance. Material and Method: This study includes 15 patients under the age of 35 years old (Group A) and 30 patients over the age of 35 years (Group B) all of whom were diagnosed with breast carcinoma at Antalya Education and Research Hospital between 2008-2011. Results: Bcl-2 expression was found positive in 33 (73.3%) and negative in 12 (26.7%) patients. There were no difference in expression of bcl-2 between Group A and Group B patients (p:0.475). A meaningful relationship was observed between expression of bcl-2 and hormon receptors , being more significant in ER (p:0.001,p<0.001). Ki-67 proliferation index was found negative in 8 patients (17.8%), low in 10 patients (22.2%) and high in 27 patients (60%). No relationship was found in Ki-67 proliferation index between Group A and Group B patients (p:0.555). There were no meaningful relationship between Ki-67 proliferation index and bcl-2 expression (p:0.736). In Group A patients a more advanced stage disease was observed. Discussion: DNA microarray studies established that different molecular subtypes in breast cancer are related with different clinical outcome. In our study, no difference was found in bcl-2 and Ki-67 expression searched by immunohistochemical method , between very young (Group A) and other (Group B) patients.
Novel Treatment of Burkitt Lymphoma with Dose-Adjusted EPOCH-Rituximab: Preliminary Results Showing Excellent Outcome.

Burkitt Lymphoma (BL) is a highly proliferative lymphoma with a propensity to present in extranodal sites. Standard treatment for BL involves intensive, multi-agent chemotherapy that is highly effective but associated with considerable toxicity and treatment-related mortality, particularly in older patients. Based on the observation that DA-EPOCH overcomes the adverse effect of high proliferation in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, we hypothesized it may be effective in BL. We have undertaken a study of DA-EPOCH-Rituximab in untreated BL in an attempt to maintain a high cure rate with low treatment related toxicity. Eligible patients had untreated BL and could be HIV positive or negative. HIV negative patients (n=13) received 6 cycles of DA-EPOCH-R as previously described (Blood99: 2685, 2002). Patients with HIV-associated BL (n=4) received 3–6 cycles of DA-EPOCH-R for 1 cycle beyond CR for a minimum of 3 cycles. All patients received intrathecal methotrexate prophylaxis and therapy was administered in the outpatient clinic where possible. Characteristics of 17 patients include median age (range) 27 (18–66) and ECOG PS 1 (1–3); stage III/IV 9 (53%); LDH > N 9 (53%); male sex 13 (76%) and; extranodal sites 11 (65%). All 11 (65%) patients with extranodal disease had abdominal or pelvic involvement at diagnosis. No patients had central nervous system disease on presentation. Response is CR/CRu in 100% of patients. One patient received consolidative radiotherapy to a single site of residual disease. At a median potential follow-up of 28 months, OS and PFS are both 100% and EFS is 92.3%. Significant toxicities include fever/neutropenia in 16%, grade 4 neutropenia in 47% and grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia in 22% of cycles. There were no treatment related deaths and no tumor lysis syndrome. In conclusion, DA-EPOCH-R appears to be highly effective with relatively low toxicity compared to standard intensive high-dose regimens for BL. Infusional chemotherapy may reduce or eliminate the risk of tumor lysis syndrome. Accrual continues.