Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Functional Characterization of Mammary Gland of Holstein Cows under Humid Tropical Summer Climates

Physiological parameters were measured on six primiparous, non-pregnant Holstein cows prior to peak lactation over a 3-month summer season in southwestern Taiwan. The objectives were to characterize heat stress-induced change in functionality of mammary gland under natural climates of tropical summer and to establish physiological indices applicable to this environment in referring to this change. Environmental and physiological readings, milk and blood samples were taken at 15:00 h biweekly for totally five time points during the study. Climate readings showed that the afternoon humidex value reached the highest (53.5) around mid summer. Rectal temperature of cows taken simultaneously varied between 38.26°C and 40.02°C in parallel to humidex. Milk production declined drastically from 29.2 to 22.2 kg/d the first month entering summer but leveled up at end of the summer season suggesting effects exerted by heat stress rather than stages of lactation. Lactose content decreased linearly (p<0.05) with times in summer, from 4.69 to 4.38%. On the other hand, activity of N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGase) in milk increased linearly to over two folds (p<0.05) during the same intervals. Elevations of fractional constituent of BSA in whey protein and serum cortisol level were also noticed in the course. Measurement of arteriovenous concentration (A-V) difference across the mammary gland demonstrated net uptake of glucose and net release of urea throughout the study period. The amount of urea released from mammary gland increased (p<0.05) progressively from 1.54 to 7.76 mg/dl during summer. It is concluded that gradual regression of mammary gland occurred along the humid tropical summer season. This regression is likely initiated through elevation of body temperature, which is irreversible above certain point. The increased release of urea from mammary gland during heat stress suggests its potential role as an early indicator of suboptimal mammary function. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2003. Vol 16, No. 7 : 988-995)
Forecasting Realized Intra-Day Volatility and Value at Risk: Evidence From a Fractional Integrated Asymmetric Power ARCH Skewed-T Model

Predicting the one-step-ahead volatility is of great importance in measuring and managing investment risk more accurately. Taking into consideration the main characteristics of the conditional volatility of asset returns, I estimate an asymmetric Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (ARCH) model. The model is extended to also capture i) the skewness and excess kurtosis that the asset returns exhibit and ii) the fractional integration of the conditional variance. The model, which takes into consideration both the fractional integration of the conditional variance as well as the skewed and leptokurtic conditional distribution of innovations, produces the most accurate one-day-ahead volatility forecasts. The study recommends to portfolio managers and traders that extended ARCH models generate more accurate volatility forecasts of stock returns.
Survey on Test Case Prioritization Techniques for Regression Testing

Objective: The main intent of this research is to provide prioritization of test cases in regression testing for various applications. For that, several test case prioritization techniques which are classified based on various parameters are investigated. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In this manuscript, a survey has been made on various test case prioritization techniques for regression testing. Several test case prioritization techniques are presented for regression testing of various applications. One of the suggested technique is Reinforcement Learning (RL) based Hidden Markov Model (HMM) method for prioritizing test cases during regression testing of Graphical User Interface (GUI) applications. Results: This survey comprehensively studies the issues in test case prioritization techniques for regression testing. The performance of different methods is compared with various parameters such as Average Percentage Faults Detected (APFD), effect size, statistical testing. The mean values of APFD for RL-Based HMM model method is 0.68, for accumulated Q-value method is 0.62 and for statement coverage method is 0.61. Findings: The major findings in this survey are that test case prioritization is still at its primitive stages and more research is required to make it applicable in today’s world. It can be applied to all streams of computer engineering if made practically feasible. Currently test case prioritization is only applied where there is no consideration of cost like safety critical software. Many existing methods are surveyed in this work and the findings suggest that model based test case prioritization is best in all aspects. Application/Improvement: Test case prioritization can be applied to all kinds of software once it is cost effective and practically feasible but currently its application is limited to some software components only. Conclusion: This survey investigates several test case prioritization techniques and provides the idea for efficient methods for future work.
Modeling and Optimizing Antennas for Rotational Spectroscopy Applications

In the paper, dielectric and metallic lenses are modeled and optimized in order to enhance the gain of a horn antenna in the frequency range from 60 GHz to 100 GHz. Properties of designed lenses are compared and discussed. The structures are modeled in CST Microwave Studio and optimized by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) in order to get required antenna parameters.
The Momentous Ripple Effects in the New Investment Environment

In the 2000s, many companies have been financially restructured so that they can be in a better position to deal with their debt burdens after the high-tech bubble. Investors may respond systematically either with efficient reactions, under-reactions, or over-reactions to the new financial information. In this paper, we generated the composite index of the four different group ratios by ranking and aggregating from an individual company level. We applied the Polynomial Distributed Lag Model to explore the existence of financial ratios’ ripple effects. The effects displayed in the previous periods of financial ratios may influence the current PE ratios by investors’ responses. The first difference on the corresponding composite financial ratios to the PE ratios also has been included in this analysis. The findings prove that investors possess distinctive and momentous ripple effects spreading across those financial ratios before and after the high-tech bubble. The results can provide investors’ decision-making on managing their investment portfolio in the new financial environment.
Experiments and Simulations on Bidisperse Solids Suspension in a Mixing Tank

Experiments and simulations of a solids suspension process in a lab-scale stirred tank under turbulent conditions have been performed. Two impellers have been tested. The liquid-solid suspension consists of water and a mixture of glass and bronze particles. The simulations are Eulerian-Lagrangian with the liquid flow as the Eulerian part, being solved by means of a lattice-Boltzmann method combined with a large-eddy approach to turbulence modeling. Comparison with experimental visualizations indicates that the simulations are able to represent the start-up of the suspension process from a zero-velocity initial condition. Differences between experiment and simulation are observed near the bottom of the tank. The simulation data are used to highlight the collisional interaction between the two different types of solids, the role of baffles, and the effect of impeller type on the suspension process.
The Effect of Audit Quality on the Earnings Management Activities

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of audit quality, measured by average clients' size of auditing firm, on the earnings management activities, measured by the value of discretionary accruals. This study was done controlling two moderating variables, which are the client importance and auditor’s name. Simple and Multiple Regressions were used to study the effects of audit quality on earnings management, and ANOVA was used for comparing the effects of auditor's name on the relation between audit quality and earnings management. The findings of the study indicated that audit quality has a relatively weak negative influence on discretionary accruals, and this, in turn, has a relatively weak negative influence on the manipulations done by management. The moderating variable client importance has no significant effect on the relationship between audit quality and discretionary accruals. So auditor’s name is the moderating variable. The researchers recommend that audit firms should improve their performance and that regulatory agencies should improve their supervision over audit firms in order to enhance audit quality and help detect and prevent management manipulations in earnings.
On a Class of Optimal Type Covariate Adjusted Response Adaptive Allocations for Normal Treatment Responses

In the context of clinical trials for comparing two treatments, a new class of covariate adjusted response adaptive procedures is developed to achieve a balance between clinical optimality and inferential precision. Assuming normally distributed responses, several exact and asymptotic properties are studied and compared with a reasonable alternative under the presence of treatment covariate interaction.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT CMOS LOGIC DESIGN TECHNIQUES FOR LOW POWER AND HIGH SPEED

3 ABSTRACT: In this paper the comparative analysis of various CMOS logic design techniques for various important constraints such as power, area and speed has been done. The logic design techniques considered are Static CMOS, Domino logic, Feedthrough Logic (FTL), Modified FTL and Zigzag Keeper. Static CMOS dissipates less power but it uses more number of PMOS transistors resulting in large area and in some cases (when PMOS are in series) results in large delay. Domino logic improves the speed of the circuit and reduces area but at the cost of large power dissipation. Feedthrough logic which is the improved version of dynamic logic family further improves the speed of the circuits but it also dissipates more power. The modified FTL largely improves the power consumption of FTL logic but delay increases. Zigzag Keeper technique highly improves the power consumption but area is highly increased. At last a qualitative and quantitative analysis has been shown between different techniques for power and delay.
How to Measure Food Safety? A Review of Relevant Literature

Approaches for prospective estimation of economic consequences until the last stage of the agri-food chain can rarely be found. Hence, we see the necessity of working out a conceptual assessment model for cost-benefit evaluation of food safety measures along the supply chain. Based on the findings of a thorough literature study a preliminary conceptual framework was developed. The purpose of the framework is to combine most relevant aspects of agri-food production, quality management, risk-analysis and regulatory impact assessment that have to be considered during in the course of an economic assessment of food safety.
Blood Pressure and Lipid Lowering Effects of Nigella sativa Seeds and Honey Mixture

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect(s) of a mixture ofNigella sativaseeds (N. sativa; black cumin or fennel) and honey on (i) the modulation of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks among hypercholesterolemic and healthy subjects; and (ii) to assess the lipid-soluble antioxidants capacity of samples using the photochemiluminescence (PCL) method. Sixty-five subjects, aged twenty-five to fifty-eight, were enrolledand assigned to three groups. Two groups of healthy andhypercholesterolemic subjects were supplemented with N. sativa seeds and honey at 50 mg/kg (body weight) daily for three months. The third group served as control (healthy subjects without supplementation). Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and again after three months of supplementation to measure (i) total cholesterol (TC), (ii) triglycerides (TG), (iii) low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), (iv) high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), (v) blood glucose, and (vi) hemoglobin concentrations. The findings were significant (p  0.05),indicatingthat N. sativa seeds mixed with honey had hypolipidemic, antiobesity and hypotensive effects.Results showed significant reductions in TG (20.1%), TC:HDL-c (12.3%),accompanied by increased HDL-c (15.0%) among healthy subjects.Supplementation also significantly decreased TC (6.2%), TG (13.3%), TC:HDL-c (19.5%),with increased HDL-c (8.4%) in the hypercholesterolemic group. Furthermore, there were significant reductions in body weight, body mass index and body fat by 2.3%, 2.2%, 4.5%, and by 1.8%, 1.9%, 4.5% in healthy and hypercholesterolemic subjects, respectively. Blood pressureslowering werealso observed in hypercholesterolemic subjects with significant reductions in systolic blood pressure (3.9%) and diastolic blood pressure (5.5%). There were no significant effectsfromsupplementation on blood glucose or hemoglobin concentrations. It is postulated that the positive effects observed may be due to antioxidant activity. The combination of of N. sativa seeds with honey showed higher synergistic effectswhen compared withsupplementation ofN. sativa seeds or honey on their own. Overall, these findings suggest that a mixture of N. sativa seeds with honey hasbeneficial effects in loweringthe citedrisk indicators for cardiovascular disease as a natural source of antioxidant activity; thus aidingthe maintainence of health bylowering CVD risk factors.
Immersive Virtual Simulation of Spaces

We describe a scalable multi layered projection room for immersive experiences of virtual architecture that combines visual, acoustic, olfactoric, climatic and haptic effects in a comprehensive test environment. The paper starts by summarizing main historic installations, which aimed to improve sensual experiences in addition to exclusively visual presentations. It continues with introducing practical tests and evaluations to identify possible ways to integrate other human senses into virtual spaces. The project group therefor set up a flexible test room in the scale of 1:5 in which physical effects like heat, odour, acoustic,air movement correspond to a visual representation of an architectural example. The article reports then tests about settings and first evaluation of this ongoing project and closes with a listing of further steps concerning a possible enlargement of the installation into 1:1 scale.
Study on UV-visible for detection of biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by oyster mushroom’s extracts

Twelve extracts belong to four species of edible oyster mushrooms were screened for their chemical value (viz. proteins, carbohydrates and phenols were assessed) and their capability to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). In limitative conditions, dark incubation and temperature 25 °C, three modes of extracts preparation were developed. Properties of silver nanoparticles creation from extracts solution with 1 mM AgNO3 were investigated by color and UV-Visible spectroscopy to confirm silver nanoparticles formation. The bright yellow oyster mushroom (Pleurotus cornucopiae var. citrinopileatus) was finding as a potential candidate for the synthesis of AgNPs. Brown color of aqueous solution was given indication for AgNPs formation. Results showed that AgNPs absorption band was located at a peak of 440 nm for P. cornucopiae var. citrinopileatus. Although others P. ostreatus (grey & white) and P. salmoneostramineus (pink) were not form AgNPs due to no change in color of extracts with Ag ions when incubated under the same conditions, which indicative for no silver nanoparticles synthesis. Thus, AgNPs formation depended on species of oyster mushroom, method of extracting, concentration of extract and the conditions of incubation (of light and temp.), but no on content of proteins, carbohydrates and phenol in crude extract leastwise in this study
A Survey on a Bayesian Classification Approach Using Class-Specific Features for Text Categorization

: In this paper, we display a Bayesian characterization approach for programmed content order utilizing class-particular highlights. Dissimilar to the ordinary methodologies for content arrangement, our proposed strategy chooses a particular component subset for every class. To apply these class-subordinate elements for grouping, we take after Baggenstoss' PDF Projection Theorem to remake PDFs in crude information space from the class-particular PDFs in low-dimensional component space, and assemble a Bayes characterization run the show. One perceptible centrality of our approach is that most component choice criteria, for example, Information Gain (IG) and Maximum Discrimination (MD), can be effortlessly consolidated into our approach. We assess our technique's arrangement execution on a few true benchmark information sets, contrasted and the best in class include choice methodologies. The prevalent outcomes show the viability of the proposed approach and further demonstrate its wide potential applications in content arrangement.
Collaboration with Suppliers and Lead Users in New Product Development and Open Innovation: Empirical Evidence from Jordanian Companies

This study aims to investigate the effects of collaboration with suppliers and lead users in new product development on open innovation in Jordanian manufacturing companies. Data was collected from 132 companies in two industries; machinery and electronics, and hierarchical regression analysis used to test the study hypotheses, with control variables of company age, company size, and length of relationship applied to avoid their potential bias. The results show that supplier collaboration in new product development does not significantly affect open innovation, while collaboration with lead users positively and significantly affects open innovation.
The declination degeneracy in interferometric astrometry

Context. Interferometric astrometry at radio and optical wavelengths serves as a fundamental and high-precision method for measuring the positions of celestial objects and for geodetic and Earth orientation measurements. Aims. We determine the importance and form of the degeneracy which arises when the interferometric baselines and the celestial target positions are estimated simultaneously from the same data under circumstances where the declination range of the targets is limited. Methods. Heuristic analyses of an idealised interferometric experiment were used to determine how a degeneracy could arise as a result of limited declination coverage and what form it might take. Singular Value Decomposition of simulated experiments with different declination coverages and different hour-angle coverages were then used to quantify the level of degeneracy present and the form of the degeneracy in example cases. Results. A significant degeneracy was found which depends strongly on the declination coverage and less strongly on the hour-angle coverage of the experiment. The degeneracy is significant even when the declination coverage extends from the pole to the equator. The degeneracy takes the form of a systematic distortion of the measured coordinates in the declination direction which is larger near the equator than at the poles, together with a corresponding baseline distortion. Conclusions. Taking into account this degeneracy in a quantitative way can have a significant effect on the design and interpretation of astrometric and geodetic experiments.
Video Games as Teaching and Learning Tool For Environmental and Space Design

Video games today have turned into an important commodity with the use of art, design, science-technology and marketing techniques together, and the target audience has constantly evolved their expectations from game producers with the goal of getting huge profits so this technology developed. One of the most important factors of this development is the environment and space design used in the game production process. “Assassin Creed Unity” is a game which is produced by using the technology in the environment and space design at a very good level. The 3dimensional spaces used in the games, which have been modelled with great success, have recently been associated with real-world examples by directly copying the original spaces. While the player’s perception of the environment and space during the game are both auditory and knowledge, which is a result of hand and eye coordination and this acquisition process is also facilitated with the guidance, instructions and directions provided by the game. The story, architectural and graphic elements used in the game made extremely important contributions to the success of the game. This significant impact has been confirmed with a survey conducted with on a number of people that is actively using video game.
Protection of ecosystem and human health via silica micro encapsulation of heavy metals

This paper briefly reviews the need for new technologies to address metal contamination and pollution and overviews some of the pathways linking contaminant sources and ecosystem and human targets. The principal focus of the paper is “inertisation” technologies in particular KEECO’s Silica Micro Encapsulation (SME) process. This technology has been designed for the cost-effective remediation of metal, organic and radioactive contamination in solid and liquid phases. Through the silica encapsulation of metals and radioactive elements and oxidation of organic contaminants, SME produces clean water and an easily separable sludge that is chemically stable and leach-resistant. Similarly, soils, sediments and other wastes can be treated to destroy organic contaminants and render metals inert and non-leachable, usually in a single-pass treatment. Both liquid and solid media can be typically treated at a significantly lower total project cost when compared to standard technologies. Through the “inertisation” of metal-contaminated wastes, SME offers the prospect of breaking the pathways between contaminants sources and ecosystem and human targets, and this is explored in more detail using case studies describing SME treatment of acid rock drainage – an ongoing and major environmental and financial burden to the base, precious and coal mining sectors. 1 CONTAMINATION AND POLLUTION BY HEAVY METALS A number of metals produced by industry (as valuable commodities or as byproducts and wastes) have the potential to cause both shortand long-term impacts on human and ecosystem health. Impacts on human, faunal and floral populations result most often from exposure to metals dispersed into the natural and built environment. The regulated and unregulated chronic (long-term) and acute (short-term) release of metals from anthropogenic activity, alongside releases resulting from natural processes tends to result in their concentration in environmental media with a corresponding risk of increased bioavailability. Soils and sediments are both significant “sinks” for metals, while water and air represent important pathways for the dispersion of metals over extremely large areas and the most common direct cause of impacts on human and ecosystem health. Contamination and pollution by metals remains a widespread and growing problem in natural and built environments in industrialised and developing countries alike. Given that metals cannot be destroyed, the most appropriate form of environmental protection must ultimately consist of