Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The »Cologne Process«: A Neglected Aspect of European Employment Policy

ipg 2/2002 he inclusion of an »Employment Chapter« in the 1997 Amsterdam Treaty closed a fundamental loophole in its Maastricht counterpart, signed six years earlier. For, even after the path-breaking agreement on a single currency, critics of European integration had still been able to complain – with some justification – that the convergence criteria set for participation in European Monetary Union (emu) placed too much weight on the new currency’s price stability, and too little on the employment situation in the eu. Indeed, it could be said that the Maastricht Treaty still bore the hallmarks of the economic – and political – priorities of the 1980s, the »monetarist decade«. As growing importance was attached to combating the rising trend in unemployment, a pressing need became apparent; the European Central Bank’s remit to ensure price stability in the future »Euroland« had to be balanced by assigning the Union explicit responsibilities for employment. Thus was a new field of eu policy opened up.
RELIABILITY BOUNDS FOR NBUE AND NWUE DISTRIBUTIONS"*

In [5], many inoqualiti~ for NBUE and N W U E life distributions am given. But, since there are some basic obserra~ons which do not hold (see Section 1 for details), many results ob~tued in [5] a r e not true. I n t l ~ note we propose some remedies and give some new z~ults. §
Behavioural Changes and GHG Emission Reductions in Lithuanian Households

The article deals with the effectiveness of interventions aiming to encourage households to conserve energy in Lithuania. The aim of the paper is to assess the possibilities of energy saving and GHG emission reduction in Lithuanian households while changing their behaviour and to compare findings with the results of studies conducted in other countries. The pilot study conducted in Lithuania aimed at evaluation of energy saving and GHG emission reduction potential in households by applying intervention measures targeting household behavioural changes. The scenarios approach, carbon footprint, experiment and surveys were applied for GHG emission reduction potential assessment. The study revealed that energy saving potential makes 0.132 tne per year and GHG emission reduction potential in Lithuanian households makes 1.95MtCO2/year.
Achievement Goal Orientation and Its Relation to Academic Achievement

The present review aims to discuss the achievement goal orientation and its relation to academic achievement. A special attention was given to Turkish motivation studies with mentioning the importance of cultural concept. Turkish motivation studies lacking a recent achievement goal orientation measurement, Elliot & McGregor’s (2001) Achievement Goal Orientation Framework that has four goals: performance-approach, performance-avoidance, mastery-avoidance and mastery-approach. Researching these four goal orientations would improve the understanding of student’s achievement motives that would affect their success. This review has implications for educators and policy makers that have influence on children’s achievement.
Title : Orphaned male chimpanzees die young even after weaning

If a social-living animal has a long life span, permitting different generations to co-exist within a social group, as is the case in many primate species, it can be beneficial for a parent to continue to support its weaned offspring to increase the latter’s survival and/or reproductive success. Chimpanzees have an even longer period of dependence on their mother’s milk than do humans, and consequently, offspring younger than 4.5–5 years old cannot survive if the mother dies. Most direct maternal investments, such as maternal transportation of infants and sharing of night shelters (beds or nests), end with nutritional weaning. Thus, it had been assumed that a mother’s death is no longer critical to the survival of weaned offspring, in contrast to the case for human children, who continue to depend on parental care long after weaning. However, in theory at least, maternal investment in a chimpanzee son after weaning could be beneficial because in chimpanzees’ male-philopatric society, mother and son co-exist for a long time after the offspring’s weaning. Using long-term demographic data for a wild chimpanzee population in the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania, we show the first empirical evidence that orphaned chimpanzee sons die younger than expected even if they lose their mothers after weaning. This suggests that long-lasting, but indirect, maternal investment in sons continues several years after weaning and is vital to the survival of the sons. The maternal influence on males in the male-philopatric societies of Hominids may be greater than previously believed.
APPLICATION OF PROPER ORTHOGONAL DECOMPOSITION FOR AVIATION SAFETY

In this study, the proper orthogonal decomposition reduced order method using various basis weight estimation methods is examined for efficient prediction of wake vortices. The proper orthogonal decomposition cannot guarantee the accurate prediction for the variation of a meteorological condition, in this research introduces neural network as basis weight estimation method which is capable of perceiving the nonlinear relationship between the input variables and the reduced variables. The neural network is trained with pairs of design variables and reduced variables, which are obtained from snapshot data of the LES simulation of the wake turbulence. The constructed POD/NN is applied to wake turbulence prediction for validations, and its results are compared to those of the full order analysis (LES simulation). As a result, it is found that the POD/NN has the capability to predict behavior and dissipation of wake vortices accurately.
Towards High-Frequency SSVEP-Based Target Discrimination with an Extended Alphanumeric Keyboard

Despite significant advances in using Steady-State Visually Evoked Potentials (SSVEP) for on-screen target discrimination, existing methods either require intrusive, low-frequency visual stimulation or only support a small number of targets. We propose SSVEPNet: a convolutional long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network for high-frequency stimulation (≥30Hz) using a large number of visual targets. We evaluate our method for discriminating between 43 targets on an extended alphanumeric virtual keyboard and compare three different frequency assignment strategies. Our experimental results show that SSVEPNet significantly outperforms state-of-the-art correlation-based methods and convolutional neural networks. As such, our work opens up an exciting new direction of research towards a new class of unobtrusive and highly expressive SSVEP-based interfaces for text entry and beyond.
Europe and CentralAsia Poverty Reduction and Economic Management Series European Integration , and Income Convergence Lessonsfor Central and Eastern European Countries

The prospect of enlarging the EU to Central and Eastern European countries with income levels far below those of present members is raising questions as to how and when the candidates' aspiration to converge towards EU standards of living could possibly be fulfilled. To address this question, this paper seeks (i) to assess of the convergence experience of the :four less developed EU members (i.e., Spain, Portugal, Ireland and Greece), after joining the EIJ, in the light of recent analytical developments; and (ii) to explore what lessons can be learned from that experience which may be useful for the CEEC candidates. The discussion suggests that, while theoretically possible, there is little empirical reason to fear that European integration would cause economies to diverge. Rather than being spontaneous, however, real convergence would seem to depend crucially on the capacity of countries to tap international technological spillovers, particularly through foreign direct investment. Macroeconomic stability, effective competition on goods and factor markets, and a good human capital endowment are essential to harness these benefits. Nonetheless, lingering worries about the possibility that integration would lead to real divergence between coumtries or regions of Europe has led to the creation of large transfers under the EU's Regional Policy. Pending more conclusive evidence of their effectiveness, the candidate countries would seem wise to put greater store by those domestic policies than by EU grants to fuel their convergence.
Kardiyopulmoner Baypasta Serum Elektrolit ve pH Değişimleri: Stewart Yöntemi ile Analiz

Amaç: Minimal vücut dışı dolaşım sistemi (MVDD) rezervuar içermemesi, devrelerinin heparin kaplı olması, santrifugal pompa kullanması gibi özellikleri ile konvansiyonel vücut dışı dolaşım sistemlerinden (KVDD) ayrılır. Çalışmamızda MVDD ve KVDD kullanılan elektif koroner arter cerrahisi geçiren olgularda kardiyopulmoner baypas (KPB) sırasında oluşan kan gazı değişikliklerinin fizikokimyasal yaklaşımla değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı.
Exploring optical properties of La 2 Hf 2 O 7 : Pr 3 + nanoparticles under UV and X-ray excitations for potential lighting and scintillating applications

New optical materials with efficient luminescent and scintillating properties have drawn great attention due to the demand for optoelectronic devices and medical theronostics. Their nanomaterials are expected to reduce cost while incrementing efficiency for potential lighting and scintillator applications. In this study, we have developed praseodymium doped lanthanum hafnate (La2Hf2O7:Pr ) pyrochlore nanoparticles (NPs) using a combined co-precipitation and relative low temperature molten salt synthesis procedure. XRD and Raman investigations confirmed ordered pyrochlores phase for the as-synthesized undoped and Pr doped La2Hf2O7 NPs. Emission profile displayed the involvement of both P0 and D2 states in the photoluminescence process, however the intensity of emission from D2 states was found to be higher than that from P0 states. This can have huge implication in designing novel red phosphor for possible application in solid-state lighting. As a function of Pr concentration, we found that the 0.1% Pr doped La2Hf2O7 NPs possess the strongest emission intensity with a quantum yield of 20.54 ± 0.1%. Concentration quenching in this case is mainly induced by cross-relaxation process P0 + H4 → D2 + H6. Emission kinetics studies shows that fast decaying species arises because of Pr ions occupying Hf site whereas slow decaying species can be attributed to Pr ions occupying La site of the pyrochlore structure of La2Hf2O7. X-ray excited luminescence (XEL) showed strong red-light emission, manifesting that the material is a promising scintillator for radiation detection. In addition, photon counts were found to be much higher when NPs is exposed to X-ray compared to ultraviolet light. Altogether, these La2Hf2O7:Pr 3+ NPs have the potential to be a good down conversion phosphor as well as scintillator material. Page 1 of 25 New Journal of Chemistry
THE CHANGING DYNAMICS OF AERODYNAMICS: NEW FRONTIERS

Notwithstanding the developments made in recent decades in structural aerodynamics and aeroelasticity, which have enhanced our abilities to better understand and capture the effects of wind on structures, we are at an appropriate juncture to reflect on these developments and identify the need for embarking on different philosophies and paradigms. In this context, there is a need to revisit the current frameworks and to look for an improved understanding of the nature of wind fields, associated aerodynamics and the resulting load effects in light of the following emerging themes: non-stationarity/non-homogeneity/transient wind events; nonlinearity of structural and aerodynamic origins; non-Gaussianity; availability of new analysis, modeling and simulation tools and cyber enabled technologies including virtual organizations for collaborative work, information gathering and dissemination. This paper discusses these emerging issues from a wind effects on built infrastructure perspective, and illustrates their significance as new frontiers in the changing dynamics of structural aerodynamics. The paper heavily relies on the recent developments concerning this theme at the NatHaz Modeling Laboratory, the University of Notre Dame.
Oxidative Stress in the Carotid Body: Implications for the Cardioventilatory Alterations Induced by Obstructive Sleep Apnea

The obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome is recognized as an independent risk factor for systemic hypertension. The OSA syndrome is characterized by cyclic episodes of oxygen desaturation due to the partial or complete obstruction of the air flow during sleep. Among the disturbances produced by OSA, the chronic intermittent hypoxia is considered the main factor for developing hypertension. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and sympathetic hyperactivity have been proposed as pathogenic mechanisms involved in the hypertension. However, evidence for a single mechanism has been difficult to establish in OSA patients, because of concomitant comorbidities. Since OSA patients show augmented reflex sympathetic, cardiovascular and ventilatory responses to acute hypoxia, it has been proposed that an enhance carotid body responsiveness to hypoxia is involved in the pathological alterations induced by OSA. This proposal has received further support, since studies performed in animals have shown that intermittent hypoxia selectively enhances the carotid body chemosensory and ventilatory responses to acute hypoxia, producing longterm potentiation of the motor ventilatory and sympathetic discharges. The mechanisms underlying the enhanced carotid body chemosensory reactivity to hypoxia induced by intermittent hypoxia are not completely known. Nevertheless, the available evidence indicates that the repeated episodes of hypoxia-reoxygenation produce local oxidative stress in the carotid body due to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. In this chapter, we will review and discuss the new evidence supporting the essential role played by the carotid body chemoreceptors, and the contribution of the oxidative stress, endothelin-1 and proinflammatory cytokines to the progression of the cardioventilatory alterations induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia.
Broadband interferometry imaging of the rupture complexity of the Mw 8.8 2010, Maule and of the Mw 8.6 2012, Sumatra earthquakes

In this study two large earthquake were analysed: the 27 February 2010 Maule earthquake (Mw 8.8) and the 11 April 2012 Sumatra earthquake (Mw 8.6). For the Maule earthquake, a back projection analysis the frequency range of 0.1-3Hz together cGPS data at the northern end of the rupture shows particular pattern: lowand high-frequency coand post-seismic radiation encircles a strongly coupled area, where two years later the 25 March 2012 aftershock (Mw 7.1) broke and released at least a part of the accumulated stress. The 2012 Sumatra earthquake was the biggest ever recorded intra-plate strikeslip earthquake occurred this April offshore from Sumatra. Back projection and surface wave analysis showed that complex west-ward propagating sequence dynamically triggered inherited NNE-SSW leftlateral strike-slip oceanic fabrics.
P Protandrous Hermaphroditism

In most animals, “males” and “females” are distinct classes of individuals that specialize in the production of sperm and eggs, respectively. However, a substantial minority of species are hermaphrodites, meaning that a single individual can produce both eggs and sperm, either simultaneously or at different stages of its life. “Protandrous” hermaphrodites begin their reproductive lives as males, but reproduce as females later in life. Two examples help to illustrate (Fig. 1). Anemonefish live in small territorial groups, where reproduction and sex change are determined by a strict dominance hierarchy (Munday et al. 2006). The largest individual in the group is a breeding female, the second-largest is a breeding male, and all smaller individuals are nonbreeding males. If the female dies or is removed, then the largest male changes sex and takes her place. Protandrous hermaphroditism is also found in several species of “cleaner” shrimp that feed on the parasites and dead tissue of their fish clients. In shrimps of the genus Lysmata, individuals begin their reproductive lives as males, but can reproduce as both sexes later in life (Bauer 2006).
Analysis of data services performance in UMTS networks using data analytics

The main goal of this work is to develop a model that enables network optimisation, based on data analysis from UMTS networks, since these carry most of the data services. An analysis of the data traffic and the number of users per operating system and type of device registered during the last 3 years on 4 specific RNCs located in the south of Portugal is done, in order to have a perception of the growing trend of those data along those years and a better understanding of the human behaviour and needs in terms of the usage of mobile communications. For that, one resorts to different statistical distributions that fit to the average of the different data related to the 3 years for each RNC, through MATLAB software, to better represent the progress of the analysed parameters, thus contributing to predict their behaviour throughout time. For the different scenarios, it is concluded that is possible to have models with a proximity above 95% in relation to the average of the original data, which can then be implemented on the prediction models of the following 2 years. In order to be aware of a possible network saturation, it is predicted that the users’ traffic in 2016 will be 1.74 times larger than the one obtained in 2014, and that the data traffic in 2016 will be 1.57 times greater than the one obtained in 2014 too. Smartphones and Androids’ usage is also expected to continue to grow apace.
A Method for the Structure-Based, Genome-Wide Analysis of Bacterial Intergenic Sequences Identifies Shared Compositional and Functional Features

In this paper, we propose a computational strategy for performing genome-wide analyses of intergenic sequences in bacterial genomes. Following similar directions of a previous paper, where a method for genome-wide analysis of eucaryotic Intergenic sequences was proposed, here we developed a tool for implementing similar concepts in bacteria genomes. This allows us to (i) classify intergenic sequences into clusters, characterized by specific global structural features and (ii) draw possible relations with their functional features.
ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY OF CASSIA FISTULA BARK USING HIGH FAT DIET INDUCED HYPERLIPIDEMIA

Objective: To study the antihyperlipidemic and anti atherosclerotic activity of Cassia fistula extracts in experimentally induced atherosclerotic rats. Methods: In this study, the antihyperlipidemic activity of Cassia fistula bark was evaluated by the administration of high fat diet. Atherosclerosis was induced in wistar rats by feeding with high cholesterol diet for 21 d. Oral feeding of cholesterol (500 mg/kg b.w./day) dissolved in coconut oil (0.5 ml/rat/day) caused an elevation in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol triglycerides serum of rats. Results: Administration of Cassia fistula extracts (methanolic and ethyl acetate extract at 500 mg/kg respectively) along with high cholesterol diet reduced the raised serum level of total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, VLDL and increased the serum HDL level as compared to the control group (High cholesterol group). Histopathology study of heart has shown decrease in myocardial degeneration and inflammation which may be attributed to the anti atherosclerotic activity of the Cassis fistula bark extracts. Conclusion: These results suggested that Cassia fistula bark possess significant antihyperlipidemic activity.
Renal-Appendicular Fistula of the Renal Graft in a Transplanted Patient: An Uncommon Form of Lower Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage

after cholecystectomies due to cholecystitis or biliary colic. In these cases and depending on the pTNM, re-laparotomy is often necessary for radical cholecystectomy (resection of segments IVb and V as well as hilar lymphadenectomy). The mortality of this disease is related to the degree of locoregional tumor dissemination. Most GBC cases are diagnosed in late stages, with a 5-year survival rate of only 5%. Currently, some groups have reported 5-year survival rates between 61%–80% and 30%–45% in stages T2 and T3, respectively, after extensive radical cholecystectomy, suggesting that adequate surgical management with R0 resections can improve the results in patients with GBC. In this patient in particular, a second procedure for radical surgery was ruled out given the patient’s age, general state and advanced disease. Despite not being a common form of presentation, isolated cases have been described of spontaneous cholecysto-cutaneous fistula due to gallbladder carcinoma. Spontaneous cholecysto-cutaneous fistula is a rare surgical entity that was first described by Thilesus in 1670. It is becoming a less and less common disease due to the early diagnosis and surgical management of biliary lithiasis, and 226 cases have been published to date. This disease presents fundamentally as a complication of a lithiasic inflammatory process, and corresponds with the spontaneous evolution of untreated gallbladder empyema, although there have been cases described of fistulas secondary to acalculous cholecystitis or gallbladder carcinoma. The gallbladder perforation generally occurs in the fundus and, once this happens, the gallbladder is able to freely drain into the abdominal cavity or adhere to neighboring structures, causing internal fistulas or, less frequently, toward the abdominal wall as external fistulas. The presentation of the fistula may be evident by observing the discharge of bile or calculi to the abdominal wall. In more difficult situations, there may be drainage of pus, leading one to consider pathologies such as infected epidermal cyst, tuberculoma, pyogenic granuloma, metastatic carcinoma or chronic costal osteomyelitis within the differential diagnosis. r e f e r e n c e s
Safety measures to reduce medication administration errors in Paediatric Intensive Care Unit

iii Table of Content. iv List of Figures . xii List of Tables . xiv List of Abbreviations . xvi Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 1.1 Children & Young People: Special Population . 2 1.2 Hospital Care: Risky Environment . 5 1.3 Medication Use & Errors in Children’s Hospitals . 6 1.4 Medication Administration Errors in Children’s Hospitals . 10 1.5 Paediatric Intensive Care Unit . 14 1.6 Research Aim & Objectives . 15 Chapter 2: Methodology . 16 2.
Open Multilingual WordNets-Ideas for Multilingually Linked Language Resources

In the Open Multilingual WordNet (OMW) initiative, WordNets are built for many different languages and made available under an open source license. These resources share the XML format and its DTD. At the same time, the concepts of multilingual WordNets are linked via an interlingual ID, such that semantic concepts can be accessed in different languages. The paper reports on WordNet developments for the German and Russian languages. Our focus is on the automatic conversion of existing resources into the OMW WordNet format and the linking of concepts.
Molecular Phylogeny for the Obolopteryx Katydids of the Southwestern United States (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae)

Obolopteryx Cohn et al. 2014, formerly Dichopetala Rehn and Hebard 1914, is a newly erected genus of North American phaneropterine katydids. Here, we provide the first molecular phylogeny for the genus Obolopteryx and compare our results to previous morphological studies. We used two mitochondrial genes (COI and Cytb) to resolve relationships in the genus. Molecular results failed to find congruence with any of the previous morphological hypotheses, suggesting that the genitalia traits used for morphological inferences are not necessarily phylogenetically informative. Further, we found preliminary evidence that the recently erected genus Mactruchus may be nested within the established Obolopteryx.