Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do Smart People Have Better Intuitions?

There is much evidence that high-capacity reasoners perform better on a variety of reasoning tasks (Stanovich, 1999), a phenomenon that is normally attributed to differences in either the efficacy or the probability of deliberate (Type II) engagement (Evans, 2007). In contrast, we hypothesized that intuitive (Type I) processes may differentiate high- and low-capacity reasoners. To test this hypothesis, reasoners were given a reasoning task modeled on the logic of the Stroop Task, in which they had to ignore one dimension of a problem when instructed to give an answer based on the other dimension (Handley, Newstead, & Trippas, 2011). Specifically, in Experiment 1, 112 reasoners were asked to give judgments consistent with beliefs or validity for 2 different types of deductive reasoning problems. In Experiment 2, 224 reasoners gave judgments consistent with beliefs (i.e., stereotypes) or statistics (i.e., base-rates) on a base rate task; half responded under a strict deadline. For all 3 problem types and regardless of the deadline, high-capacity reasoners performed better for logic/statistics than did belief judgments when the 2 conflicted, whereas the reverse was true for low-capacity reasoners. In other words, for high-capacity reasoners, statistical information interfered with their ability to make belief-based judgments, suggesting that, for them, probabilities may be more intuitive than stereotypes. Thus, at least part of the accuracy–capacity relationship observed in reasoning may be because of intuitive (Type I) processes.
Are Total and Individual Dietary Lignans Related to Cardiovascular Disease and Its Risk Factors in Postmenopausal Women? A Nationwide Study

The study objectives were to examine total and individual lignan intakes and their dietary sources in postmenopausal Polish women and to investigate the relationship between lignan intake and the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and central obesity. A total of 2599 postmenopausal women, participants of the Multi-centre National Population Health Examination Surveys (WOBASZ and WOBASZ II) were selected. Of them, 916 had a history of CVD. Nutritional data were collected using a single 24-h dietary recall. Data on lignan content in food, i.e., lariciresinol (LARI), matairesinol (MAT), pinoresinol (PINO) and secoisolariciresinol (SECO), were collected from the available lignan databases. In postmenopausal women, total and individual lignan intakes (SECO, PINO, MAT) were not associated with the prevalence of CVD and its risk factors. The intake of LARI was linked by 30% to the reduced odds for hypercholestrolemia. This study reinforces the existing concept that dietary total lignans are not associated with the prevalence of CVD, and provides further evidence that they are not linked to CVD risk factors such as hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and central obesity. However, the intake of LARI should be taken into consideration in further studies with regard to its potentially beneficial effect in hypercholesterolemia.
Greedy Algorithms for Online Survivable Network Design

In an instance of the network design problem, we are given a graph G = (V,E), an edge-cost function c : E → R≥0, and a connectivity criterion. The goal is to find a minimum-cost subgraph H of G that meets the connectivity requirements. An important family of this class is the survivable network design problem (SNDP): given non-negative integers ruv for each pair u, v ∈ V , the solution subgraph H should contain ruv edge-disjoint paths for each pair u and v. While this problem is known to admit good approximation algorithms in the offline case, the problem is much harder in the online setting. Gupta, Krishnaswamy, and Ravi [14] (STOC’09) are the first to consider the online survivable network design problem. They demonstrate an algorithm with competitive ratio of O(k log3 n), where k = maxu,v ruv. Note that the competitive ratio of the algorithm by Gupta et al. grows linearly in k. Since then, an important open problem in the online community [22, 14] is whether the linear dependence on k can be reduced to a logarithmic dependency. Consider an online greedy algorithm that connects every demand by adding a minimum cost set of edges to H. Surprisingly, we show that this greedy algorithm significantly improves the competitive ratio when a congestion of 2 is allowed on the edges or when the model is stochastic. While our algorithm is fairly simple, our analysis requires a deep understanding of k-connected graphs. In particular, we prove that the greedy algorithm is O(log2 n log k)-competitive if one satisfies every demand between u and v by ruv/2 edge-disjoint paths. The spirit of our result is similar to the work of Chuzhoy and Li [7] (FOCS’12), in which the authors give a polylogarithmic approximation algorithm for edge-disjoint paths with congestion 2. Moreover, we study the greedy algorithm in the online stochastic setting. We consider the i.i. d. model, where each online demand is drawn from a single probability distribution, the unknown i.i. d. model, where every demand is drawn from a single but unknown probability distribution, and the prophet model in which online demands are drawn from (possibly) different probability distributions. Through a different analysis, we prove that a similar greedy algorithm is constant competitive for the i.i. d. and the prophet models. Also, the greedy algorithm is O(logn)-competitive for the unknown i.i. d. model, which is almost tight due to the lower bound of [9] for single connectivity. 2012 ACM Subject Classification Theory of computation → Online algorithms
RNF168 facilitates oestrogen receptor ɑ transcription and drives breast cancer proliferation

Oestrogen receptor ɑ (ERɑ) is overexpressed in two‐thirds of all breast cancers and involves in development and breast cancer progression. Although ERɑ‐positive breast cancer could be effective treated by endocrine therapy, the endocrine resistance is still an urgent clinical problem. Thus, further understanding of the underlying mechanisms ERɑ signalling is critical in dealing with endocrine resistance in breast cancer patients. MCF‐7 and T47D breast cancer cell lines are used to carry out the molecular biological experiments. Western blot is used to assess the relative protein level of ERɑ, RNF168 and actin. Real‐time PCR is used the measure the relative ERɑ‐related gene mRNA level. Luciferase assay is used to measure the relative ERɑ signalling activity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation is used to measure the RNF168 binding affinity to ERɑ promoter regions. WST assay and flow cytometry are used to measure the cell proliferation capacity. We use Student's t test and one‐way ANOVA test for statistical data analysis. Here, we report an important role in ERɑ‐positive breast cancer cells for RNF168 protein in supporting cell proliferation by driving the transcription of ERɑ. RNF168 is highly expressed in breast cancer samples, compared with normal breast tissue. In patients with breast cancer, RNF168 expression level is correlated with poor endocrine treatment outcome. Depletion of RNF168 causes decreased cell proliferation in MCF‐7 and T47D cells. Besides, depletion RNF168 reduced mRNA level of ERɑ and its target genes, such as PS2 and GREB1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that ERɑ transcription is associated with RNF168 recruitment to ERɑ promoter region, suggesting that transcriptional regulation is one mechanism by which RNF168 regulates ERɑ mRNA level and ERɑ signalling in breast cancer cells. RNF168 is required for ERɑ‐positive breast cancer cell proliferation and facilitate ERɑ signalling activity possibly through promoting transcription of ERɑ.
Infectious and immunological sequelae of daratumumab in multiple myeloma

Vanslambrouck, C. & Nabhan, C. (2016) Sole rearrangement but not amplification of MYC is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and B cell lymphoma unclassifiable. British Journal of Haematology, 175, 631–640. Landsburg, D.J., Falkiewicz, M.K. , Maly, J., Blum, K.A. , Howlett, C. , Feldman, T. , Mato, A.R. , Hill, B.T. , Li, S. , Medeiros, L.J., Torka, P., Hernandez-Ilizaliturri, F. , Reddy, N.M. , Singavi, A. , Fenske, T.S. , Chavez, J.C. , Kaplan, J.B. , Behdad, A. , Petrich, A.M., Bast, M.A., Vose, J.M. , Olszewski, A.J., Costa, C. , Lansigan, F. , Gerson, J.N. , Barta, S.K. , Calzada, O. , Cohen, J.B. , Lue, J.K. , Amengual, J.E. , Rivera, X. , Persky, D.O. , Peace, D.J., Nathan, S. & Cassaday, R.D. (2017) Outcomes of patients with double-hit lymphoma who achieve first complete remission. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 35, 2260–2267. Moore, E.M. , Aggarwal, N. , Surti, U. & Swerdlow, S.H. (2017) Further exploration of the complexities of large B-cell lymphomas with MYC abnormalities and the importance of a blastoid morphology. American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 41, 1155–1166.
Landmark Learning, Cue Conflict, and Outbound View Sequence in Navigating Desert Ants

Mobile animals need to reliably find goal locations and animal navigators acquire and use multiple cue sets within their environment designating direction and distance estimates of these locations. Foraging ants use multiple navigational tools including path integration and the learning of the landmark panorama. During landmark-based navigation, foragers first acquire the landmark cues around the nest through preforaging learning walks, and then learn non-nest site cues along their foraging routes. Here, we explore both foragers’ ability to extrapolate views from around the nest to local displacement sites and landmark learning during the first foraging trips away from the nest area. During Experiment 1, foragers were given variable amounts of exposure to the nest area before being displaced 8 m away where their return trips were recorded. In Experiment 2, foragers’ return trips from a site 8 m from the nest were recorded with the surrounding landmarks during either the outbound or inbound trip obstructed from view and with/without the aid of a homeward vector. Foragers were unable to correctly orient or return home efficiently regardless of the exposure level to the nest panorama, suggesting an inability to extrapolate views from learning walks and supporting recognition-based navigation. Foragers were able to use experience of either the outbound- or inbound-view sequence to initially orient home, yet were unable to quickly return to the nest when only exposed to the inbound route. Our results suggest that exposure to the outbound foraging path is critical for efficient homeward route formation.
Effects of Different Oxidation Degrees of Graphene Oxide on P-Type and N-Type Si Heterojunction Photodetectors

Oxygen-containing functional groups in graphene oxide (GO), a derivative of graphene, can widen the bandgap of graphene. In this study, we varied the amount of hydrogen peroxide used to prepare GO samples with different degrees of oxidation. Transmittance measurement, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to completely characterize the change in oxidation degree. The effects of oxidation degree on p-type and n-type Si heterojunction photodetectors were compared. Notably, GO with a lower oxidation degree led to a larger photoresponse of p-type Si, whereas that with a higher oxidation degree achieved a larger photoresponse of n-type Si.
The neglected terminators: Rho family GAPs in neutrophils

GTPase‐activating proteins (GAPs) accelerate the rate of hydrolysis of GTP bound to small GTPases, thereby limiting the prevalence and concentration of the active, GTP‐bound form of these proteins. The large number of potential GAPs acting on members of the Rho family of small GTPases raises the question of specificity or redundancy.
Practical use of C1 esterase inhibitor concentrate for clinical amniotic fluid embolism

Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) causes consumption coagulopathy, which requires a massive transfusion to save the mother's life. The preparation of such a massive transfusion is too time‐consuming in extremely emergent clinical settings and occasionally leads to devastating side effects such as transfusion‐associated acute lung injury. C1 esterase inhibitor (C1INH) is a protein with the ability to inhibit complement, coagulation and kinin pathways. The C1INH concentration in AFE patients is low, and it has been speculated that the administration of C1INH concentrate could have a striking and beneficial effect on AFE patients in critical condition by ameliorating their perturbed coagulation system. We report the case of a 32‐year‐old Japanese AFE patient in whom deteriorated vital signs and coagulopathy recovered within minutes after an injection of C1INH concentrate. C1INH concentrate can quickly revive the deteriorated vital signs and the atonic uterus that stem from AFE and may reduce the total amount of transfusion.
Cerebellar Diseases Have Distinctive Symptoms and Signs the Cerebellum Has Several Functionally Distinct Regions the Cerebellar Microcircuit Has a Distinct and Regular Organization Neurons in the Cerebellar Cortex Are Organized into Three Layers Two Afferent Fiber Systems Encode Information Differen

An Overall View T he cerebellum constitutes only 10% of the total volume of the brain but contains more than one-half of its neurons. The structure comprises a series of highly regular, repeating units, each of which contains the same basic microcircuit. Different regions of the cerebellum receive projections from different parts of the brain and spinal cord and project to different motor systems. Nonetheless, the similarity of the architecture and physiology in all regions of the cerebellum implies that different regions of the cerebellum perform similar computational operations on different inputs. The symptoms of cerebellar damage in humans and experimental animals give the clear impression that the cerebellum participates in the control of movement. Thus we describe these symptoms because knowledge of them, in addition to being critical for the clinician, constrains conjecture about the exact role of the cer-ebellum in controlling behavior. The goal of cerebel-lar research is to understand how the connections and physiology of cerebellar neurons define the function of the cerebellum. Thus a major part of this chapter covers the fundamentals of cerebellar physiology and anatomy. Finally, there is a relationship between cerebellar operation and more theoretical concepts of " internal models " in motor control (see Chapter 33). A fundamental
Laparoscopic right posterior sectionectomy versus laparoscopic right hemihepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma in posterior segments: Propensity Score Matching Analysis

Background and Aims: This study was designed to analyze the feasibility of laparoscopic right posterior sectionectomy compared to laparoscopic right hemihepatectomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma located in the posterior segments. Material and Methods: The study included patients who underwent either laparoscopic right posterior sectionectomy or laparoscopic right hemihepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma located in segment 6 or 7 from January 2009 to December 2016 at Samsung Medical Center. After 1:1 propensity score matching, patient baseline characteristics and operative and postoperative outcomes were compared between the two groups. Disease-free survival and overall survival were compared using Kaplan–Meier log-rank test. Results: Among 61 patients with laparoscopic right posterior sectionectomy and 37 patients with laparoscopic right hemihepatectomy, 30 patients from each group were analyzed after propensity score matching. After matching, baseline characteristics of the two groups were similar including tumor size (3.4 ± 1.2 cm in laparoscopic right posterior sectionectomy vs 3.7 ± 2.1 cm in laparoscopic right hemihepatectomy, P = 0.483); differences were significant before matching (3.1 ± 1.3 cm in laparoscopic right posterior sectionectomy vs 4.3 ± 2.7 cm in laparoscopic right hemihepatectomy, P = 0.035). No significant differences were observed in operative and postoperative data except for free margin size (1.04 ± 0.71 cm in laparoscopic right posterior sectionectomy vs 2.95 ± 1.75 cm in laparoscopic right hemihepatectomy, P < 0.001). Disease-free survival (5-year survival: 38.0% in laparoscopic right posterior sectionectomy vs 47.0% in laparoscopic right hemihepatectomy, P = 0.510) and overall survival (5-year survival: 92.7% in laparoscopic right posterior sectionectomy vs 89.6% in laparoscopic right hemihepatectomy, P = 0.593) did not differ between the groups based on Kaplan–Meier log-rank test. Conclusion: For hepatocellular carcinoma in the posterior segments, laparoscopic right posterior sectionectomy was feasible compared to laparoscopic right hemihepatectomy when performed by experienced laparoscopic surgeons.
Fragmented QRS (fQRS) Complex Predicts Adverse Cardiac Events of ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Thrombolysis

Background ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is an acute and life-threatening disease. Adverse cardiac events (ACEs) are defined as cardiovascular death or worsening congestive heart failure in STEMI patients. The present study investigated the predictive role of fragmented QRS complex (fQRS) in risks of ACEs in STEMI. Material/Methods This study was a retrospective analysis involving patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or thrombolysis. STEMI patients were divided into the fQRS group (259 cases) and the non-fQRS group (161 cases). Basic information and clinical parameters were evaluated. ACEs, including hemodynamic instability, electrical instability (ventricular tachycardia event, ventricular fibrillation or atrioventricular heart-block) and death, were observed. The 12-lead ECG was used to obtain fQRS recordings. Thrombolytic recanalization was evaluated to confirm clinical outcomes of PCI and thrombolysis therapy. Results Hemodynamic instability rates, electrical instability rates, and death in the fQRS group were significantly higher compared to the non-fQRS group (P=0.002, 0.000, and 0.010, respectively). PCI triggered significantly fewer ACEs compared to thrombolytic therapy in the fQRS group (P=0.000, 0.000, and 0.019, respectively). The fQRS group had higher thrombolysis failure rates and three-vessel lesion of coronary artery rates compared to the non-fQRS group (P=0.009 and 0.029, respectively). There were no differences between fQRS and non-fQRS groups in death rates of STEMI patients undergoing PCI and thrombolytic therapy. GRACE scores more than 140, EF less than 35%, and fQRS illustrated predictive potential for ACEs of STEMI patients. Conclusions fQRS is an independent predictor for the adverse cardiac events of STEMI patients undergoing PCI or thrombolysis.
Features of Computer‐Mediated, Text‐Based Messages that Support Automatable, Linguistics‐Based Indicators for Deception Detection

ABSTRACT: Researchers are assessing the viability of automating deception detection in TAC (text‐based, asynchronous, computer‐mediated) messages. Viability is conditional on whether deceivers incorporate different features in their TAC messages than truth tellers do and on whether these differentiating features support deception indicators suitable for automation. We propose that deceivers incorporate different features in their messages to realize impression‐management goals. They avoid message features people associate with lying (defensive‐targeted features) and include message features people associate with truth telling (promotive‐targeted features). In a series of three studies, we assessed features that may be part of deceivers' impression‐management strategies and then assessed whether deceivers' messages contain different levels of these features than truth tellers' messages. The results show that deceivers construct different messages than truth tellers do and that the differences relate to pro.
Wetting characteristics of vertically aligned graphene nanosheets

Vertically aligned graphene nanosheets (VAGNs) are a class of graphitic carbon in which few layers of graphene nanosheets are aligned perpendicular to the plane of the substrate. The change in water contact angle (from 103° to 135°) with VAGNs, as a function of change in the surface geometry, is analysed. Theoretical calculations and comparison with the experimental data shows that the apparent contact angle values of VAGNs are closer to that of the fully non-wetting mode or ideal Cassie mode of wetting. The ideal Cassie mode of wetting also explains the variation of the water contact angle of VAGNs with the surface morphology of the material and predicts how surface parameters can be modified to get the required wettability for a certain application of this material.
Systematic identification of long non‐coding RNAs during pollen development and fertilization in Brassica rapa

The importance of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in plant development has been established, but a systematic analysis of lncRNAs expressed during pollen development and fertilization has been elusive. We performed a time series of RNA-seq experiments at five developmental stages during pollen development and three different time points after pollination in Brassica rapa and identified 12 051 putative lncRNAs. A comprehensive view of dynamic lncRNA expression networks underpinning pollen development and fertilization was provided. B. rapa lncRNAs share many common characteristics of lncRNAs: relatively short length, low expression but specific in narrow time windows, and low evolutionary conservation. Gene modules and key lncRNAs regulating reproductive development such as exine formation were uncovered. Forty-seven cis-acting lncRNAs and 451 trans-acting lncRNAs were revealed to be highly coexpressed with their target protein-coding genes. Of particular importance are the discoveries of 14 lncRNAs that were highly coexpressed with 10 function-known pollen-associated coding genes. Fifteen lncRNAs were predicted as endogenous target mimics for 13 miRNAs, and two lncRNAs were proved to be functional target mimics for miR160 after experimental verification and shown to function in pollen development. Our study provides the systematic identification of lncRNAs during pollen development and fertilization in B. rapa and forms the foundation for future genetic, genomic, and evolutionary studies.
The Sense of Presence Exploration in Virtual Reality Therapy

The primary objective of this concise collection is to explore the sense of presence that participants experience in Virtual Reality Therapy experiments. In this article, sense of presence is briefly defined, followed by a discussion of factors effecting sense of presence, continuing with methods to measure sense of presence and assertions concerning virtual presence, and finally, conclusions and discussions are presented.
Applicative bidirectional programming

Abstract A bidirectional transformation is a pair of mappings between source and view data objects, one in each direction. When the view is modified, the source is updated accordingly with respect to some laws. One way to reduce the development and maintenance effort of bidirectional transformations is to have specialized languages in which the resulting programs are bidirectional by construction—giving rise to the paradigm of bidirectional programming. In this paper, we develop a framework for applicative-style and higher-order bidirectional programming, in which we can write bidirectional transformations as unidirectional programs in standard functional languages, opening up access to the bundle of language features previously only available to conventional unidirectional languages. Our framework essentially bridges two very different approaches of bidirectional programming, namely the lens framework and Voigtländer's semantic bidirectionalization, creating a new programming style that is able to obtain benefits from both.