Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
O efeito do hipotiroidismo experimental sobre os componentes da matriz extracelular de aortas torácicas de ratos.

MONTEIRO, P. S. The effect of experimental hypothyroidism on components of the extracellular matrix of rats thoracic aortas. 2012. 60 p. Masters thesis (Morphofunctional Sciences) Instituto de Ciencias Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 2012. The subject of this study was to investigate the effects of experimental hypothyroidism on extracellular matrix deposition in vascular wall of thoracic aorta. Male Wistar rats were thyroidectomized to mimic hypothyroidism, the sham group was submitted to surgery procedure without the thyroid removal. After 6 weeks, histological analyses were performed using hematoxylin-eosin staining (for morphometric measurements), picrosirius and Weigert (for collagen and elastin deposition, respectively). Additionally, Western blotting was used to evaluate collagen I and III, elastin MMP-9, MMP-2, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 protein expression. Serum T3 and T4 levels as well as heart weight (g)/ tibia’s length (mm) ratio confirmed the characteristic decrease in cardiac mass found in hypothyroidism condition. Hemodynamic parameters (blood pressure and heart rate) showed a decrease in hypothyroid animals, as already reported in the literature. Histological analyses demonstrated a significant diminution in aorta cross-sectional area in hypothyroidism state. Along with this result, protein expression of collagen type I was also decreased while elastin was augmented in hypothyroid aortas. Besides, we observed an increase of nuclei density per mm2 and a decrease in nuclear volume in hypothyroid group. MMP-9 protein expression was decreased and TIMP-2 was increased in hypothyroid aortas. Our data strongly suggest that hypothyroidism alters the extracellular matrix deposition/ degradation in rat aorta, which may indicate a possible fragility of the vascular wall.
Electronic Properties of Cubic Boron Nitride with Impurity Atoms and Vacancy

Cubic boron nitride (cBN) has significant technological potential for use in high-temperature high-power electronic applications. And S and Zn were reported to be potential n-and p-type dopants. In this study, influences of vacancies, S and Zn impurity atoms on the electronic properties of cBN were investigated by first-principle approaches. The computation results are in good agreement with our experimental approach.
TIME-DEPENDENCY OF NAPHTHALENE SORPTION IN SOIL: SIMPLE RATE-, DIFFUSION-, AND ISOTHERM-PARAMETER-BASED MODELS

SORPTION mechanisms and kinetics govern contaminant fate and bioavailability in soil to a great extent. In this study, temporal development of naphthalene sorption was measured on four soils and showed continuously increasing sorption with time. Two mechanistically based analytical models were fitted to the sorption kinetics data: (i) a T wo-R ate S orption K inetics model (TRSK) and (ii) an I ntraparticle D iffusion model (ID) with an initial sorption capacity, Xi. Both models described measured data well, with the TRSK model providing the best fit (lowest root mean square error). Although the two models are mathematically different, the parameters describing the slow sorption rate in the two models (in ID the effective diffusion coefficient, Da/l2, and in TRSK the slow rate coefficient, rs) exhibited comparable values. Both Da/l2 and rs showed a minor concentration dependency. Sorption isotherms measured at different time scales were described well by the Freundlich equation and showed that the Freundlich coefficient, K′F, increased with time. The Freundlich exponent, n′a, decreased at short sorption times (t < 4 days) but was reasonably constant at longer sorption times (t > 4 days). An empirical, two-term K′F(t) model, used together with a constant value of the Freundlich exponent, n′a (defined as n′a measured at t > 4 days), gave good predictions of the measured sorption at different time scales and represented a simple alternative to the ID and TRSK models. Calculating the naphthalene retardation factor as a function of time, R(t), using the two-term K′F(t) model implied that sorption non-linearity is highly important when evaluating both short- and longer-term naphthalene mobility in soil and will often overshadow the effects of sorption time-dependency.
Ab initio Calculations of Some Electronic and Vibrational Properties of Molecules Based on Multi-Layered Stacks of Cyclic C6

The vibrational and electronic properties of a class of novel carbon molecules constructed from stacked layers based on cyclic C6 components have been studied using first principles density functional techniques. Data are presented for tubular stacked cyclic C6 molecules (C6)n with 2 ≤ n ≤ 16. Infrared and Raman spectra have been calculated for all molecules. We find that a number of low energy infrared and Raman modes have energies that are strongly correlated with the overall length of the (C6)n structure, but the energy of the radial breathing mode is identical to that predicted for a single-walled carbon nanotube with a diameter of 0.295 nm. The HOMO-LUMO energy gap and the ionization energy approach 2.28 ± 0.02 eV and 6.8 ± 0.3 eV, respectively, in longer molecules. (C6)n molecules are found to have high stability and may be promising candidates for nanoelectronic applications.
Microbial sulfate reduction within sulfidic mine tailings: Formation of diagenetic Fe sulfides

Most microbiological studies of sulfidic mine tailings impoundments have concentrated on the chemolithotrophic bacteria contained within the oxic zone and their ability to promote the production of toxic leachates. Few studies have looked at the anoxic zone and the possibility of the existence of sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB). Our study of the Kidd Creek mine tailings (Cu‐Zn ore) reveals not only the existence of SRB in this sulfur‐rich environment, but also the importance of their role in iron and sulfur cycling. Sulfur metabolism and subsequent H2S production of SRB, together with the highly reactive surface of the cells, promote the development of a variety of sulfide minerals. Diagenetic amorphous FeS, mackinawite (FeS1‐X), and pyrite were found within the tailings where high populations of SRB were present. In addition, those Fe sulfide minerals served as sorption substrates for other dissolved species, such as Cu and Zn.
Theoretical and Experimental Resolution of Semi-Derivative Linear Scan Voltammetry

New procedures, based on the transformation of voltammetric current by semi-differentiation, have been proposed to improve resolution in linear scan voltammetry (LSV). For a reversible charge transfer, the obtained shape of the current semi-derivative is fully symmetrical and even in the case of an irreversible electrode reaction it is considerably more symmetrical compared with the original LSV signal. To evaluate and compare the resolution of semi-derivative linear scan voltammetry (SDLSV) with other techniques, theoretical calculations were performed to determine the qualitative resolution as well as the quantitative resolution defined in our previous work. The following quantities have been calculated: (i) the minimal difference in the peak potentials of two depolarisers, necessary to obtain two distinct peaks on an SDLSV record, (ii) the difference in the peak potentials enabling the determination of the depolarisers with only a 1% systematic error, due to overlapping. Verification of the developed theory was performed experimentally using a set of solutions containing two electroactive components in 1 M HCl: Pb(II)-Tl(I), Pb(II)-In(III), Pb(II)-Cd(II), Tl(I)-In(III), Tl(I)-Cd(II), and In(III)-Cd(II). The proposed mathematical approach and experimental procedures enable a simultaneous SDLSV determination of two or even more depolarisers with a minimal error.
B－CELL APOPTOSIS INDUCED BY ANTIGEN RECEPTOR CROSSLINKING IS BLOCKED BY A T－CELL SIGNAL THROUGH CD40

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Physical Properties of Barrier Ribs of Plasma Display Panels: I, Formation of Pores during Sintering of Lead Borosilicate Glass Frits

The effects of chemical compositions on the sintering behavior and physical properties of lead borosilicate glass developed for barrier ribs of plasma display panels (PDP) were investigated. The formation of pores during sintering of the glass was noted, and their formation mechanism was investigated using XPS, TG/DTA, and XRD. A change in the oxidation state of the lead was discussed as a possible cause for the formation of pores in the sintered samples.
Control of the reaction between 2-aminobenzothiazoles and Mannich bases. Synthesis of pyrido[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazoles versus [1,3]benzothiazolo[2,3-b]quinazolines

Reactions between 2-aminobenzothiazoles and Mannich bases are observed to be selectively controlled by the steric hindrance in the latter. Pyrido[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazoles 3 are produced with non-sterically hindered Mannich bases such as 3-(dimethylamino)propiophenone hydrochlorides 2, whilst [1,3]benzothiazolo[2,3-b]quinazolines are produced with bulky Mannich bases such as 2-(dimethylaminomethyl)tetralone 4. This is shown by reactions with 2-amino-5-(ethylsulfanyl)thiadiazole, which was previously reported to follow the former reaction pathway with 2, while the reaction with 4 follows the latter reaction pathway. The final structures are established by NMR and X-ray diffraction, thus confirming the cyclization processes.
Ion Chemistry in Photon-dominated Regions: Examining the [HCO+]/[HOC+]/[CO+] Chemical Network

HOC+ and CO+ have been detected toward two well-known photon-dominated regions (PDRs), S140 and NGC 2023, using the Arizona Radio Observatory 12 m telescope. The J = 1 → 0 transition of HOC+ at 89 GHz and the two spin components of the N = 2 → 1 line of CO+ near 236 GHz were observed, as well as the J = 1 → 0 transitions of H13CO+ and HC18O+. The J = 3 → 2 line of HOC+ at 268 GHz was also mapped across the Orion Bar. The [HCO+]/[HOC+] ratios determined in S140 and NGC 2023 were ~12,408 and 1913, respectively, values indicative of quiescent molecular gas rather than PDR sources, where the abundance of HOC+ is thought to be enhanced. However, the beam in both these measurements may contain material from the adjoining molecular cloud, favoring HCO+. Alternatively, the [HCO+]/[HOC+] ratio may vary with Av in PDR regions. The [CO+]/[HOC+] ratio in S140 and NGC 2023, at several positions in the Orion Bar, and in other PDRs, on the other hand, falls uniformly in the range ~1-10. In addition, the line profiles of CO+ and HOC+ in the Orion Bar look remarkably similar. The syntheses of HOC+ and CO+ appear to be correlated in PDRs, most likely through the common precursor, C+. The reaction of C+ and H2O is thought to preferentially create HOC+, as opposed to HCO+, and C+ + OH or O2 leads favorably to CO+.
Housing Density and Bacterial Loading in Urban Streams

Data collected in this study demonstrate that fecal bacteria counts in urban tributaries were much higher in sewered basins than in nonsewered basins; fecal bacteria densities were related to the density of housing, population, development, percent impervious area, and apparent domestic animal density. Preliminary fecal bacteria data collected for surface runoff samples in these urban neighborhoods indicate that a relationship may exist between various urban land uses and potential bacterial loading.
MEMENTO: a proposal to develop a database of marine nitrous oxide and methane measurements

Environmental context. Nitrous oxide and methane are atmospheric trace gases and, because they are strong greenhouse gases, they contribute significantly to the ongoing global warming of the Earth’s atmosphere. Despite the well established fact that the world’s oceans release nitrous oxide and methane to the atmosphere, the oceanic emission estimates of both gases are only poorly quantified. The MEMENTO (MarinE MethanE and NiTrous Oxide) database initiative is proposed as an effective way by which existing nitrous oxide and methane measurements can be used to reduce the uncertainty of the oceanic emissions estimates by establishing a global database.
Proton NMR relaxation studies of aqueous polysaccharide systems

The water proton relaxation is found to be a useful monitor of the mobility and state of aggregation of the polysaccharide chains in aqueous medium. Although there is evidence that polysaccharides influence the state of the water around them (the so-called «bound» water concept), the results obtained suggest that this affects the proton transverse relaxation in a minor way compared to the potent effect of the chemical exchange mechanism
Integral equation theory of block copolymer liquids. II. Numerical results for finite hard‐core diameter chains

The spatially local and long wavelength properties of diblock copolymer melts are studied using the polymer reference interaction site model theory. Two new molecular based closure approximations, the ‘‘reference‐molecular mean spherical approximation’’ (R‐MMSA) and the ‘‘reference‐molecular Percus–Yevick’’ (R‐MPY) approximation are investigated numerically for structurally symmetric, flexible, and semiflexible copolymers with finite hard‐core diameters. For these models both closures lead to a destruction of all spinodal instabilities for finite degrees of polymerization. Results using the R‐MMSA closure for the larger chain lengths studied approach the analytic predictions of the Gaussian thread model. On the other hand, numerical results for the R‐MPY closure show a temperature regime in which there is an apparent chain length independent fluctuation stabilization for moderate degrees of polymerization in qualitative agreement with recent Monte Carlo simulations. However, we believe this apparent scali.
Formulation and Evaluation of Chitosan‐Gellan Based Methotrexate Implants

An implant controlled‐release system for methotrexate delivery based on a polyion complex composed of chitosan and gellan was investigated. Multi‐layered implant was prepared by using poly(vinyl alcohol), gellan and chitosan. Two chitosan layers sandwiched the poly(vinyl alcohol)‐gellan layer, which acted as a methotrexate reservoir. The prepared implant was evaluated for swellability, in vitro and in vivo release and biodegradation studies. The equilibrium swelling and methotrexate release was found to depend on a concentration of calcium chloride, which was used as a crosslinking agent for gellan. Drug‐loaded implants were subcutaneously implanted in the back of Wistar rats. The in vivo studies showed that methotrexate was released slowly for a period over 30 days and also there was no fibrous capsule formation around the implant indicating the biocompatibility of the implant.
Electronic structure of the amorphous oxide semiconductor a‐InGaZnO4–x : Tauc–Lorentz optical model and origins of subgap states

This paper discusses an optical model and subgap electronic states for a representative amorphous oxide semiconductor, InGaZnO4 (a‐IGZO). Parameterized optical models were developed based on the Tauc–Lorentz model combined with a Lorentz‐type oscillator. The measured optical absorption spectra exhibit nearly linear dependences on photon energy (E) between 3 eV < E < 5 eV, which requires the transition energies in the Tauc–Lorentz model (E0,TL) being around 4 eV. The optimized parameters for the fixed E0,TL of 3.7 eV are provided for four different a‐IGZO films with root‐mean‐square errors less than 1%. Formation energies of crystalline IGZO, stoichiometric a‐IGZO, oxygen deficient a‐IGZO and their constituent oxides were calculated by the density functional theory using the local density approximation (LDA) and generalized gradient approximation with PBE96 functionals (PBE). PBE gives larger unit cell volumes at the ground states and better agreement in the formation energies than LDA does. The formation energies of an oxygen deficiency in a‐IGZO were calculated to be 3.2–3.5 eV. The calculated electronic structures of stoichiometric a‐IGZO models exhibit somewhat large dispersions for conduction bands (CB), which are not largely affected by the disordered structure in a‐IGZO, while the dispersions of the valence bands (VBs) are very small, unlike the crystalline IGZO, showing that a‐IGZO have strongly localized states at the VB maximums (VBMs). Oxygen‐deficient a‐IGZO models showed that oxygen deficiencies form both a deep localized state at 0.4–1 eV above VBM and a shallow donor state depending on local atomic configurations. An oxygen deficiency that forms a deep state breaks the dispersion of the CB, which could be an origin of the subgap states observed near CB. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Handbook of wood chemistry and wood composites.

Preface Wood and Society, Christopher D. Risbrudt STRUCTURE AND CHEMISTRY Structure and Function of Wood, Alex C. Wiedenhoeft and Regis B. Miller Cell Wall Chemistry, Roger M. Rowell, Roger Pettersen, James S. Han, Jeffrey S. Rowell, and Mandla A. Tshabalala PROPERTIES Moisture Properties, Roger M. Rowell Biological Properties, Rebecca E. Ibach Thermal Properties, Roger M. Rowell and Susan L. LeVan-Green Weathering of Wood, R. Sam Williams Surface Characterization, Mandla A. Tshabalala WOOD COMPOSITES Wood Adhesion and Adhesives, Charles R. Frihart Wood Composites, Lars Bergland and Roger M. Rowell Chemistry of Wood Strength, Jerrold E. Winandy and Roger M. Rowell Fiber Webs, Roger M. Rowell, James S. Han and Von Y. Byrd Wood Thermoplastic Composites, Daniel F. Caulfield, Craig Clemons, Rodney E. Jacobson, and Roger M. Rowell PROPERTY IMPROVEMENTS Chemical Modification of Wood, Roger M. Rowell Lumen Modifications, Rebecca E. Ibach and W. Dale Ellis Plasma Treatment of Wood, Ferencz S. Denes, L. Emilio Cruz-Barba, and Sorin Manolache
CH3NH3PbX3, ein Pb(II)-System mit kubischer Perowskitstruktur / CH3NH3PbX3, a Pb(II)-System with Cubic Perovskite Structure

Abstract CH3NH3PbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) has the cubic perovskite structure with the unit cell parameters a = 5,68 Å (X = Cl), a = 5,92 A (X = Br) and a = 6,27 A (X = I). With exception of CH3NH3PbCl3 the compounds show intense colour, but there is no significant conductivity under normal conditions. The properties of the system are explained by a "p-resonance-bonding". The synthesis is described.
Synthesis of Poly(Urethane-Urea)s from Polycarbonate Macrodiols and IPDI with the Addition of Derivant of Propylene Carbonate

In this paper, poly(urethane-urea)s were synthesized from two aliphatic polycarbonate macrodiols with different molecular mass, isophoronodiisocyanate (IPDI) and a pseudo-chain extender, a derivant of propylene carbonate, which was synthesized by propylene carbonate and 1,6-diaminohexane. The obtained poly(urethane-urea) elastomers exhibit very good mechanical properties, they are colorless and transparent and could be applied in biomedical material field.
STUDY OF THE COMBUSTION OF PELLETS AND RDF IN A SMALL BOILER-STOVE PLANT

The present work is an approach to the analysis of cofiring systems with pelletized forest and pelletized refused-derived fuel (RDF). RDF is obtained from municipal solid wastes and contains a biomass fraction and a nonorganic fraction (plastic). As a first step, characterization of both fuels is given to define their properties. A special feeding system is also used to improve the stove plant and to allow distribution that maintains a constant rate between both fuels. The high ash content of RDF promotes the occurrence of sintered compounds and worsening of the combustion process (less contact between fuel and oxidizer). An increase in emissions of pollutants (especially CO) and a decrease in yield have also been observed. Emissions of NOx remain quite stable and the SO2 concentration is not relevant. Nevertheless, the joint behavior in this kind of boiler system is possible and the viability of the process can be studied in later works, always in a limited work area that can be defined as 0.5 < mP < 1.7; 0 < %RDF < 10; 1.6 < n < 1.8.
On the geometry of transient relaxation

Coupled chemical reactions are often described by (stiff) systems of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with widely separated relaxation times. In the phase space Γ of species concentration variables, relaxation can be represented as a cascade through a nested hierarchy of smooth hypersurfaces (inertial manifolds) {Σ}: If d is the number of independent concentration variables, then Γ≡Γd⊇Σd−1⊇Σd−2⋅⋅⋅. The last three sets in this hierarchy have special chemical importance: Σ0 is the stagnation point of the ODEs, i.e., chemical equilibrium; M(≡Σ1) is the linelike slow manifold describing the dynamical steady state in closed systems; Σ(≡Σ2) is the two‐dimensional surface containing the slowest transient flow that reaches M. Thus M and Σ are the structures underlying most steady‐state and transient kinetics experiments. The ODEs describe the velocity field in Γ, which may be used to define functional equations for M, Σ, and other members in the hierarchy {Σ}. These functional equations can be solved to giv.
Relación entre el nivel de actividad física en escolares durante el fin de semana y la prevalencia de obesidad Relationship between the level of physical activity in school during the weekend and the prevalence of obesity

The objective of the work was to quantify the prevalence of being overweight and obese in a group of students of Ourense (Spain) and its relation with the physical activity levels during weekend. One hundred and eleven scholars with an average age of 11.3 years participated in this study. Among them 42.3% were female and 57.7% male. Weight, height and body mass index (BMI) were determined. Being overweight and obese were defined using as criteria the value of BMI-specific percentiles for age and sex. Physical activity (PA) level was assessed using an interview-survey. It was found that 38.7% of the population presented as being overweight or obese, and although the prevalence was higher in girls, no significant differences for the BMI between sexes were found; 76.6% of the adolescents were inactive or very inactive, and the average energy spending was 33.41 metabolic equivalent (METS) expressed in kcal.kg−1 h−1. No significant differences between sexes were found. Statistically significant differences were not found for the METS spent by the overall population or by sex between the normal weight, overweight or obese scholars. Se cuantificó la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en escolares y su relación con la actividad física (AF) del fin de semana. Participaron 111 escolares con una edad media de 11,3 años: 42,3% eran mujeres y 57,7% hombres. Se determinó el peso, talla e índice de masa corporal (IMC). Para la definición de obesidad y sobrepeso se utilizaron como puntos de corte los valores percentilados del IMC para la edad. La AF se cuantificó mediante un cuestionario-entrevista. El 38,7% presentó sobrepeso u obesidad; aunque la prevalencia fue mayor en niñas, no se encontraron diferencias significativas para el IMC entre sexos. El 76,6% fueron inactivos o muy inactivos, con un gasto energético medio de 33,41 METS- equivalente metabólico expresado en kcal.kg−1 hora−1 y no existen diferencias significativas entre sexos. Tampoco hay diferencias significativas para los METs gastados por la población en general ni por sexos entre los escolares normopesos con sobrepeso u obesos.