Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Internucleosomal cleavage of DNA is insufficient evidence to conclude that cell death is apoptotic.

In a recent volume of Blood, Yuan et a l l demonstrated internucleosomal cleavage of DNA in erythroid precursors obtained from the bone marrow (BM) of a patient with @-thalassemia major, “lesser” (but unquantitated) amounts of intemucleosomal cleavage in those from a @-thalassemia trait donor, and no evidence of such cleavage in erythroid precursors separated from normal BM. Although no other evidence was presented, the investigators concluded that 8thalassemic progenitors exhibit apoptosis, or “programmed cell death. ” Apoptosis is a form of cell death distinct from necrosis. Morphologic criteria for the defbition of cell death as apoptotic include rapid chromatin condensation with aggregation of chromatin along the nuclear envelope and plasma membrane blebbing followed by nuclear condensation and separation into small, apoptotic bodies. When it accompanies these features, intemucleosomal fragmentation of chromatin DNA is useful as a criterion to help define cell death as apopto t i~ . ~~ We recently identified artifactual internucleosomal cleavage of DNA after its extraction from normal rat kidneys. Extrcction of DNA from tissue processed in buffer containing low concentrations of EDTA resulted in extensive internucleosomal fragmentation of DNA (Fig 1) despite the fact that these tissues showed no evidence of apoptosis morphologically. This artifact was not prevented simply by the addition of a protease inhibitor (phenylmethyl-sulfonylfluoride [PMSFI), of 25 mmolR. EGTA to inhibit endogenous calciumdependent nuclease activity, or of spermidine to stabilize chromatin structure. However, the artifact was prevented by an increased NaCl concentration combined with 25 mmoVL EDTA. It is of note that the buffer used by Yuan et al for isolation of fragmented DNA (10
A Greater Knowledge Extraction Coded as Fuzzy Rules and Based on the Fuzzy and Typicality Degrees of the GKPFCM Clustering Algorithm

Abstract This work proposes a method to generate a greater and bigger knowledge from a data set. The GKPFCM clustering algorithm is used for that. So, for a given number of clusters it identifies their location and their approximate shape. The relations among the variables of the data set can be found with these clusters, and they can be expressed as conditional rules such as “If/Then. ” The GKPFCM provides the membership values and the typicality values from which a knowledge base is generated through two fuzzy models, and this can be used in order to classify new data and to deternune if these new data are typical, atypical or noise. So, a better expert decision can be made based on the results of these models.
Benchmarks for designing two-stage studies using modified mini-mental state examinations: experience from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study

Background The most efficient approach for studies examining the incidence of dementia involves a brief screening instrument to identify participants for more extensive testing to identify cognitive impairment. The modified mini-mental state examination (3MS) is commonly used as this initial screen in such two-stage designs, however its properties for this role require further study. Purpose We use data from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study to contrast design options in two-stage designs. Methods This trial enrolled 7251 participants with nine or more years of education who were aged 65–79 and followed an average of four to five years. Logistic regression was used to examine the case yields at varying two-stage 3MS cutpoints. The efficiency of using different examination schedules and restricting enrollment to higher risk women was examined. Results Probable dementia is associated with marked decline in 3MS scores. The percentages of women classified with probable dementia ranged from 7.95% (3MS 85–88) to 50.0% (3MS = 70). The numbers [95% confidence interval] of enrolled women necessary to detect one case of probable dementia (four-year follow-up) for baseline 3MS scores of 100, 95, 90 and 85 were estimated as 1477 [389, 5618], 253 [134, 481], 53 [34, 85], and 14 [9, 23], respectively. Compared to annual testing, administration every two years increased the number of required enrollees by 11%, but decreased the number of test administrations by 46%. Limitations Our findings are influenced by the characteristics of our study group, its rates of retention, and the study protocol, and may not fully generalize to other settings. Conclusions The 3MS can serve as an efficient basis for two-stage study designs and a cutpoint of 88 is reasonable for populations with similar characteristics. Studies may improve efficiency by using the 3MS during screening to eliminate women with low risk for dementia and by conducting testing every two years.
Concentration of rocuronium in cerebrospinal fluid of patients undergoing cerebral aneurysm clipping.

BACKGROUND This study assessed the concentration of rocuronium in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients undergoing cerebral aneurysm clipping, and investigated whether the mode of administration (single bolus vs continuous infusion) influenced the CSF concentration. METHODS Twenty patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage were randomly allocated to receive a bolus dose (bolus group), or a bolus followed by a continuous infusion of rocuronium (infusion group) (n=10 for each group). Arterial blood and ventricular CSF were sampled 2 h after the rocuronium bolus. Samples were analysed by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Rocuronium could be detected in all the CSF samples. The mean (range) CSF concentration was 2.2 (0.9-4.6) ng x ml(-1) in the bolus group and 12.4 (2.4-34.6) ng x ml(-1) in the infusion group; P<0.01. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that rocuronium, normally not considered to cross the blood-brain barrier, is regularly found in the CSF of patients undergoing cerebral clipping; continuous infusion of the drug led to higher plasma and CSF concentrations than after a single bolus dose.
Identification of pure subcortical vascular dementia using 11C-Pittsburgh compound B

Background: Subcortical vascular dementia (SVaD) is considered the most common type of vascular dementia and often follows a slowly progressive course, simulating Alzheimer disease (AD). Whether the progressive cognitive decline is associated with pure SVaD or concomitant AD remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine what proportion of patients with SVaD lack abnormal amyloid imaging, and to examine differences in the clinical or MRI features between subjects with SVaD with cortical amyloid deposition and those without. Methods: We measured brain amyloid deposition using 11C-Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) PET in 45 patients (men: women = 19:26; mean age 74.2 ± 7.6 years) with SVaD. They all met DSM-IV criteria for vascular dementia and had severe white matter high signal intensities without territorial infarction or macrohemorrhage on MRI. Results: Thirty-one (68.9%) of 45 patients with SVaD were negative for cortical PiB binding. There was significant difference between 11C-PiB-positive and 11C-PiB-negative groups in terms of age (79.5 vs 71.9 years), Mini-Mental State Examination score (18.6 vs 22.6), the number of lacunes (3.9 vs 9.0), and the visual rating scale of hippocampal atrophy (3.1 vs 2.3). The neuropsychological assessments revealed that patients with 11C-PiB-negative SVaD performed better on the delayed recall of both the verbal and visual memory test than did those with 11C-PiB-positive scan. Conclusion: SVaD without abnormal amyloid imaging was more common than expected. Patients with SVaD with and without abnormal amyloid imaging differed in clinical and MRI features, although there was considerable overlap.
INFLUENCE OF JOB STRESS ON JOB SATISFACTION AMONG SELECT PRIVATE SECTOR BANK EMPLOYEES IN COIMBATORE

Stress is the reaction that people take to excessive pressure or other types of demand placed on them. It arises when they worry that they cannot cope. Stress is a demand made upon the adaptive capacities of the mind and body. Stress is basically the impact of one object on another. There are three terms which are used synonymously to denote this phenomenon: stress, strain, and pressure, however, there are thin differences in these terms. Stress is a term basically used in physical sciences which means pressure of one object on another. From physical sciences the term stress came to medical sciences and finally to social science. As per the medical explanation, the term stress is the body’s general response to environmental situations. Selye, who has done considerable research on stress, has viewed stress as the “non – specifically induced changes within a biological system. ” It is non – specific because any adaptation to a problem faced by the body. Irrespective of the nature of the problem, is included in stress. As defined by Selye (1996) “Stress is a scientific concept which has suffered the mixed blessing of being too well known and too little understood”. Pollock (1998) defined “Stress is something which is not naturally occurring but is a manufactured concept which has now become a social fact”. Strenberg (2000) definition is “A person’s response to the presence of some things in the environment that causes him to feel challenged in some way called stress”.
The Development of Two Mobile Gait Rehabilitation Systems

The ability to walk without the help of a caretaker enhances the quality of life for those who are bed-ridden or confined to a wheelchair. At present, most of the available gait rehabilitation robot systems have been designed to support the body weight externally. For gait training to be effective, a mobile body weight support (BWS) mechanism is needed. In mobile gait training robot systems, functions such as patient path following and constant BWS are important issues, particularly in dynamic environments. In the present study, two types of robotic systems were developed for gait rehabilitation. The first is known as the mobile manipulator type and the second the mobile vehicle type. The differences between the two systems in design and control are discussed. A control algorithm based on a neural network was used to compensate for dynamic interactions, unmodeled dynamics, and disturbances by the user on the system. Both electrical and pneumatic BWS mechanisms were built and compared. The proposed BWS systems were tested experimentally for their effectiveness in gait rehabilitation while maximizing the therapeutic outcome.
Industrial ecology: goals and definitions

Setting out the goals and boundaries of an emerging field is a hapless task. Set them too conservatively and the potential of the field is thwarted. Set them too expansively and the field loses its distinctive identity. Spend too much time on this task and scarce resources may be diverted from making concrete progress in the field. But in a field with a name as provocative and oxymoronic as industrial ecology, the description of the goals and definitions is crucial. Hence this introductory chapter describes the field of industrial ecology, identifying its key topics, characteristic approaches and tools. The objective is to provide a map of the endeavors that comprise industrial ecology and how those endeavors relate to each other. In doing so, we seek to provide a common basis of discussion, allowing us then to delve into more conceptual discussions of the nature of the field. No field has unanimity on goals and boundaries. A field as new and as ambitious as industrial ecology surely has a long way to go to achieve even a measure of consensus on these matters, but, as we hope this chapter shows, there is much that is coalescing in research, analysis and practice.
A 57–78 GHz Frequency Tripler MMIC in 65-nm CMOS

In this letter, we present a MMIC frequency tripler using 65-nm CMOS technology. The tripler consists of a buffer stage that overdrives tripler devices into non-linear region, maximizing the third harmonic generation. Adopting differential architecture and transformers impedance matching, the tripler needs no explicit passive filter to enhance harmonic rejections. The tripler shows peak conversion gain of 1.3 dB, saturated output power of -2 dBm with -5 dBm input power. The 3-dB bandwidth spans 57-78 GHz with 60 mW dc consumption.
The Efficiency of 10‐Second Resting Heart Rate for the Evaluation of Short‐Term Heart Rate Variability Indices

Background: High values of resting heart rate were found to be correlated with adverse outcomes in various patient groups. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a reliable technique in determining autonomic nervous system function. Our aim was to evaluate whether a 10‐second resting heart rate obtained from a resting electrocardiogram (ECG), could be used as a reliable evaluation of short‐term HRV.
Fully automatic segmentation of left atrium and pulmonary veins in late gadolinium‐enhanced MRI: Towards objective atrial scar assessment

To realize objective atrial scar assessment, this study aimed to develop a fully automatic method to segment the left atrium (LA) and pulmonary veins (PV) from late gadolinium‐enhanced (LGE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The extent and distribution of atrial scar, visualized by LGE‐MRI, provides important information for clinical treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) patients.
Grounded Theory of Consumer Loyalty, a Perspective through Video Game Addiction

: Game addiction has become an extremely important topic in psychology researchers, particularly in understanding and explaining why individuals become addicted (to video games). In previous studies, effect of online game addiction on social responsibilities, health problems, government action, and the behaviors of individuals to purchase and the causes of making individuals addicted on the video games has been discussed. Extending these concepts in marketing, it could be argued than the phenomenon could enlighten and extending our understanding on consumer loyalty. This study took the Grounded Theory approach, and found that motivation, satisfaction, fulfillments, exploration and achievements to be part of the important elements that builds consumer loyalty.
Comparative thrombotic event incidence after infusion of recombinant factor VIIa versus factor VIII inhibitor bypass activity

Summary. Thrombosis is a rare but well‐recognized potential complication of Factor VIII Inhibitor Bypass Activity (FEIBA) infusion. Recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) is increasingly used as an alternative to FEIBA; however, the thrombotic safety profile of rFVIIa remains incompletely characterized. To determine the incidence rates of thrombotic adverse events (AEs) after infusion of rFVIIa and FEIBA. Data from the MedWatch pharmacovigilance program of the US Food and Drug Administration, as supplemented by published case reports, were used in conjunction with estimated numbers of infusions available from manufacturers to assess comparative incidence of thrombotic AEs in patients receiving rFVIIa or FEIBA in the period from April 1999 through June 2002. Reported thrombotic AEs were rare, with incidence rates of 24.6 per 105 infusions (CI, 19.1–31.2 per 105 infusions) for rFVIIa and 8.24 per 105 infusions (CI, 4.71–13.4 per 105 infusions) for FEIBA. Thrombotic AEs were significantly more frequent in rFVIIa than FEIBA recipients (incidence rate ratio, 2.98; CI, 1.71–5.52). The most commonly documented single type of thrombotic AE after rFVIIa infusion was cerebrovascular thrombosis, while myocardial infarction was the most frequent type in patients receiving FEIBA. Contrasting AE reporting patterns between rFVIIa and FEIBA may have contributed to the observed difference in thrombotic event incidence. Nevertheless, this comprehensive pharmacovigilance assessment does not support superior thrombotic safety of rFVIIa and suggests that thrombotic AE risk may be higher in rFVIIa than FEIBA recipients.
Improved convolutional neural network for biomedical word sense disambiguation with enhanced context feature modeling

Polysemy is a common phenomenon in the biomedical domain. Ambiguous words directly influence the accuracy of computer semantic analyses. Thus, word sense disambiguation (WSD) is often conducted in advance. Most current biomedical WSD methods rely on manual selection of features for WSD. To identify latent context features from a deep layer and reduce the negative influence of manual selection of features in WSD, this paper proposes the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method for biomedical WSD with enhanced text feature modeling. First, this program automatically conducts crawling of a large scale of relevant corpus from MEDLINE for training and obtains relevant context feature vectors. These feature vectors are subsequently adopted as input data in CNN. Finally, the CNN classification method is used for WSD. By testing 203 commonly used ambiguous words from MSH-WSD corpus, the author finds that the average accuracy of the proposed method is 94.65%, which is a significant improvement relative to that of previous methods. This result proves that CNN is an efficient WSD method to be used in the biomedical domain. Given that context feature representation and WSD are important pre-works in extraction and retrieval of biomedical information, WSD can reduce the negative effect of ambiguous words on accuracy of such pre-works. Subject Categories and Descriptors I.2. 7 [Artificial intelligence]: Natural Language Processing Text analysis; F.1. 1[Computation by abstract devices]: Modles of Computation Self-modifying machines
A capacitive ECG array with visual patient feedback

Capacitive electrocardiogram (ECG) sensing is a promising technique for less constraining vital signal measurement and close to a commercial application. Even bigger trials testing the diagnostic significance were already done with single lead systems. Anyway, most applications to be found in research are limited to one channel and thus limited in its diagnostic relevance as only diseases coming along with a change of the heart rate can be diagnosed adequately. As a consequence the need for capacitive multi-channel ECGs combining the diagnostic relevance and the advantages of capacitive ECG sensing emerges. This paper introduces a capacitive ECG measurement system which allows the recording of standardized ECG leads according to Einthoven and Goldberger by means of an electrode array with nine electrodes.
Digital Fundraising Strategies for Nonprofit Marketing Leaders in International Markets

Digital Fundraising Strategies for Nonprofit Marketing Leaders in International Markets by John Basco MS, Capella University, 2004 BS, Columbia College, 1998 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Business Administration Walden University August 2018 Abstract Leaders of North American nonprofit healthcare organizations require funding from international markets but lack the resources to reach these markets through traditional marketing or the skills to reach them through digital marketing, a cost-effective alternative. The purpose of this multiple case study was to document digital fundraising strategies successfully used to reach international markets by the marketing leaders of 5Leaders of North American nonprofit healthcare organizations require funding from international markets but lack the resources to reach these markets through traditional marketing or the skills to reach them through digital marketing, a cost-effective alternative. The purpose of this multiple case study was to document digital fundraising strategies successfully used to reach international markets by the marketing leaders of 5 North American nonprofit healthcare organizations. Participants in the study were involved in implementing digital fundraising strategies. Marketing systems theory was the framework for the study. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and analysis of documents that illustrated the digital marketing techniques of each organization. Interview transcripts and documents were examined to identify key ideas, and then analyzed using cross-case analysis to identify common themes. Included in the findings were themes such as the importance of cultural understanding, the value of message translation, the power of partnership with local organizations, and the effectiveness of e-mail marketing. The findings from this study may result in social change by increasing revenue and growth for nonprofit healthcare organizations, making them better able to provide services to all members. Digital Fundraising Strategies for Nonprofit Marketing Leaders in International Markets by John Basco MS, Capella University, 2004 BS, Columbia College, 1998 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Business Administration Walden University August 2018 Dedication For James, who will never, ever, call me Doctor. Acknowledgments I wish to thank the people who participated in this study for taking time from their busy lives to help me with my research. I also thank my family, who were so supportive over the several years it took to complete my doctoral study. Finally, thanks to Bulleit Bourbon, which has been there for me through the lowest lows and highest heights of this process.
The Potential Use of Fucoidans from Brown Seaweed as a Dietary Supplement

The oceans of the world have always served as a nutrient source, whether from mollusks, fish or vegetation. The world’s animal and human populations have always relied upon the sea for nutrition and sustenance. The value of the sea is becoming ever present as soil quality diminishes due to over farming, pesticide use and urban sprawl [1]. In addition, drought is becoming a predominant player in the lower yields offered by land farming [2,3].
Is This Novel Technology Going to be a Hit? Antecedents Predicting Technological Novelty Diffusion

Despite the high interest of scholars in identifying breakthrough inventions, little attention has been devoted to investigating how the technological content of those breakthrough inventions is re-used over time. We overcome this limitation by focusing on the dynamics of diffusion of the novel technologies incorporated in inventions. Specifically, we consider the factors affecting the time needed for a technology to be legitimated as well as its technological potential. We find that the dynamics of diffusion of a novel technology are affected by the characteristics of its building blocks, i.e. the technological components that combined together for the first time generate a novel technology. Combining similar technological components, components familiar to the inventors' community, and components with a high level of appropriability generates a technology that requires a short time to be legitimated but with a low technological potential. Combining technological components with a science-based nature generates technologies with a longer legitimation time but also higher technological potential. Finally, when large firms are the main innovative actors, novel technologies show a higher technological potential.