Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Observations sur l'Ethologie et l'Evolution d'une Population de Vipera aspis (L.) au Nord du Jura Suisse

The study of a small population of Vipera aspis (L.) in the northern part of the Swiss Jura hillsfrom 1976 to 1980 showed, that the annual cycle with its particular seasonal patterns of behaviour is similar to the one known from other habitats in plains and hills. A decrease of temperature and insolation during the years of observation is considered as a main reason for the interruption of re¬production and for the decrease of the number of adult Asp vipers. Climatic influences may evoke drastic consequences for populations of the northern periphery of the Asp viper's distribution and demonstrate the limits of ecological adaption-capacity such as it is suspected in the present case.Une petite population de Vipera aspis L. a ete observee au nord du Jura suisse entre 1976 et 1980. Le cycle annuel du comportement specifique correspond a celui deja connu dans d'autres habitats de l'espece en plaine et en colline. La diminution de l'insolation et une alteration des con¬ditions termiques lors des periodes d'activite des viperes au cours des annees d'observation sont con¬siderees comme facteurs responsables de la decroissance du nombre des viperes adultes et de l'inter¬ruption de la reproduction. Ces donnees climatiques defavorables pendant plusieurs annees ont sans doute contribue a l'evolution de la population etudiee qui est situee a l'extremite septentrionale de l'aire de repartition de Vipera aspis en Suisse et donc deja a la limite des possibilites de vie de l'espece.Beobachtungen einer kleinen Population von Vipera aspis L. im nordlichen Schweizer Jura von 1976 bis 1980 zeigten, dass das Verhalten der Vipern innerhalb ihres Jahreszyklus im wesentlichen den Verhaltnissen in anderen Habitaten des Flach- und Hugellandes entspricht. Ein Absinken der Temperaturen und der Sonneneinstrahlungsdauer in den Aktivitatsperioden der Vipern wahrend 5 Beobachtungsjahren wird als wesentlicher Faktor fur die Unterbrechung der Fortpflanzung und die Abnahme des Bestandes adulter Vipern gewertet. Ungunstige Klimaveranderungen konnen an der Nordgrenze des Areals von Vipera aspis Ruckgange in den dort lebenden Populationen verursachen und sich als limitierender Faktor fur die Art erweisen. Unsere Beobachtungen in einem solchen Areal-Grenzgebiet weisen auf eine derartige Entwicklung hin.
Investigations into the Growth Suppressing Effect of Nicosulfuron-Treated Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) on Corn (Zea mays)

Greenhouse and growth chamber experiments were conducted to determine the reasons for stunted growth and yield suppression of corn noticed sometimes in nicosulfuron-treated corn fields infested with heavy population of johnsongrass. Results indicated that in the absence of johnsongrass, nicosulfuron applied broadcast POST at 35 g ai ha−1 had no effect on corn. However, growth reduction of corn occurred when nicosulfuron-treated johnsongrass and corn were allowed to share the same rooting medium with their root systems intermingled. The reduction in growth was even greater when corn foliage or the soil surface were also treated with johnsongrass. The extent of growth reduction of corn growing with nicosulfuron-killed johnsongrass depended on weed density and herbicide application rate. Greater growth reductions occurred at four johnsongrass plants per pot compared to two and at a higher application rate of 100 μg nicosulfuron per plant. In general, johnsongrass killed by nicosulfuron appeared to be more phytotoxic to corn than plants killed by paraquat. Nicosulfuron provided excellent control of johnsongrass and improved corn growth by two to three times that of not controlling johnsongrass, but it could not elevate corn growth to the level obtained when johnsongrass was controlled by paraquat or in the absence of interference from johnsongrass.
Standards of morphological development of the quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica, embryo.

: The morphologic growth of 290 Japanese quail embryos was analyzed to enable an assessment of the developmental status of an organism and permit the evaluation of experimental effects on development. The growth of 36- to 228-hr embryos was analyzed according to Hamburger and Hamilton's (1951) stages of development for the chick; the growth of 240-hr and older embryos was analyzed by correlating age with the length of 5 morphologic structures, toe, leg, beak, wing, and total. A correlation of +. 99 was obtained for age-stage relations and a correlation of +. 97 was found for age-structure length relations.
Regulation of planar cell polarity in the mammalian auditory sensory epithelium by microtubule-mediated processes

In the mammalian organ of Corti (OC), planar polarity of individual auditory hair cells is defined by their V-shaped hair bundle. At the tissue level, all hair cells display uniform planar polarity across the epithelium. Although it is known that tissue-level planar polarity of the OC is controlled by non-canonical Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling, the mechanisms underlying hair cellintrinsic polarity are relatively poorly understood. Genetic evidence suggests that hair bundle polarity and orientation are dictated by the position of the microtubule-based kinocilium and its associated basal body, which also organizes the cytoplasmic microtubule array. Based on this idea, I hypothesized that microtubule-mediated processes regulate hair bundle morphology and orientation and set out to investigate this idea by focusing on two microtubule motor-associated proteins. In this work, I have uncovered a role for the plus-end directed motor molecule Kif3a in regulating hair cell planar polarization through both ciliary and non-ciliary mechanisms. Kif3a coordinates hair bundle orientation with basal body positioning through localized activation of Rac-PAK (p21-activated kinase) signaling at the cortex, leading me to speculate that microtubule capture at the hair cell cortex is integral to the polarization process. To examine microtubule-cortical interactions during hair cell polarization, I also investigated the role of the Lissencephaly 1 (Lis1) gene, a major regulator of the minus-end directed cytoplasmic dynein microtubule motor. I present evidence that Lis1 regulates localized Rac-PAK signaling in embryonic hair cells, likely through microtubule-associated Tiam1, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for
e-business vision in the retail industry.

The emergence and tremendous growth of the new economy has unleashed powerful forces that are reshaping the retail industry at an unprecedented rate. Everything from customer relationships to branding to supply chain management is impacted by this revolution. Given the dynamics at work in the new economy, retailers are struggling to strike a balance between maintaining operational excellence and implementing necessary changes.
Clonal Propagation of Banana (Musa spp.) cultivar 'BARI-1' (AAA Genome, Sapientum Subgroup)

This study describes a method of clonal propagation for one of the elite cultivars of banana developed by the Bangladesh Agriculture Research Institute (BARI). The principal characters of this cultivar 'BARI-1' (AAA genome, Sapientum subgroup) are its sweetness, good smell and high yield, which have made this particular cultivar popular in Bangladesh. In vitro cormlets were formed within 2-3 weeks when meristems were carefully isolated from field-grown plants and after proper sterilization implanted in semisolid Murashige and Skoog (MS) media fortified with 2.0 mg L -2 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Rate of shoot proliferation increased considerably with the synergistic effect of BAP and Kinetin. Regeneration of cormlets was geared up and shoot multiplication occurred when MS was enriched with 2.0 mg L -1 BAP and 1.0 mg L -1 Kinetin. With the increase of subculture (up to 9 th maximum), frequency of shoot proliferation was enhanced. Addition of 0.1 mg L -1 Indole-3-acetic acid and 10% coconut water to the medium increased shoot elongation and stimulated growth of the shoots, respectively. The micro shoots rooted well within two weeks in 1/2 MS supplemented with 0.5 mg L -1 Indole-3-butyric acid and in a few cases auto-root induction was observed when the number of subculture was beyond five. Rooting percentage and their growth were much better in liquid media in comparison to semi-solid media. Elimination of agar from the root induction media reduced the cost of production significantly. After proper acclimatization, rooted plantlets were transferred to polythene bags containing garden soil and humus (1:1). Two weeks after transplantation, 98% plants survived and flushed new leaves. No morphological variants were observed during the passage of micro-propagation.
Comparative Effects of Ancymidol, Propiconazol, Triadimefon, and Mobay RSW0411 on Lily Height

Lilies (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.) were treated with ancymidol (A-Rest), propiconazol (Banner), triadimefon (Bayleton), or Mobay RSW0411 as a soil drench or as a preplant bulb soak. At high rates the fungicides triadimefon and propiconazol reduced Easter lily plant height. Neither propoiconazol nor triadimefon were as effective as Mobay RSW0411 or ancymidol in reducing plant height; however, results suggest that chemical treatments for disease and height control may be achieved with the same treatment. Chemical names used: α-cyclopropyl-α-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol (ancymidol); 1-(2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole (propiconazol); 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-butanone (triadimefon); β-(cyclohexylmethylene)-α-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol (Mobay RSW0411).
Cortical Control of Virtual Self-Motion Using Task-Specific Subspaces

Brain–machine interfaces (BMIs) for reaching have enjoyed continued performance improvements, yet there remains significant need for BMIs that control other movement classes. Recent scientific findings suggest that the intrinsic covariance structure of neural activity depends strongly on movement class, potentially necessitating different decode algorithms across classes. To address this possibility, we developed a self-motion BMI based on cortical activity as monkeys cycled a hand-held pedal to progress along a virtual track. Unlike during reaching, we found no high-variance dimensions that directly correlated with to-be-decoded variables. This was due to no neurons having consistent correlations between their responses and kinematic variables. Yet we could decode a single variable—self-motion—by nonlinearly leveraging structure that spanned multiple high-variance neural dimensions. Resulting online BMI-control success rates approached those during manual control. These findings make two broad points regarding how to build decode algorithms that harmonize with the empirical structure of neural activity in motor cortex. First, even when decoding from the same cortical region (e.g., arm-related motor cortex), different movement classes may need to employ very different strategies. Although correlations between neural activity and hand velocity are prominent during reaching tasks, they are not a fundamental property of motor cortex and cannot be counted on to be present in general. Second, although one generally desires a low-dimensional readout, it can be beneficial to leverage a multidimensional high-variance subspace. Fully embracing this approach requires highly nonlinear approaches tailored to the task at hand, but can produce near-native levels of performance. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Many brain–machine interface decoders have been constructed for controlling movements normally performed with the arm. Yet it is unclear how these will function beyond the reach-like scenarios where they were developed. Existing decoders implicitly assume that neural covariance structure, and correlations with to-be-decoded kinematic variables, will be largely preserved across tasks. We find that the correlation between neural activity and hand kinematics, a feature typically exploited when decoding reach-like movements, is essentially absent during another task performed with the arm: cycling through a virtual environment. Nevertheless, the use of a different strategy, one focused on leveraging the highest-variance neural signals, supported high performance real-time brain–machine interface control.
Use of integrated genomics to identify three high-grade glioma subtypes with distinct genetic profiles, pathway signatures, and clinicopathologic features.

e12500 Background: Molecular pathogenesis of pediatric malignant glioma (pMG) is poorly described and the histo-prognostic classifications used for their adult counterparts may not apply completely. Our study aimed to identify specific genomic abnormalities to generate a new biological classifier. Methods: After histopathologic review, aCGH profiles and gene expression (GE) signature of 45 frozen samples of pMG including pontine tumors were analysed by oligonucleotide microarrays (Agilent 44K); 36 paraffin-embedded samples from an independent group were used to validate the aCGH classifier. Candidate genes were validated using real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: Amplifications and deletions were relatively rare concerning N-myc, KIT, PDGFRA and CDKN2A/B, MTAP, TUSC1, respectively. The unsupervised hierarchical clustering identified 3 patterns of aCGH profile that were associated with survival but not with histology or tumor location. The addition of the 36 external.
Rose Germplasm L83

L83 combines high levels of winter hardiness with recurrent flowering and resistance to blackspot (Diplocarpon rosae Wolf) and mildew [Sphaerotheca pannosa (Wallr. ex Fr.) Lév. ]. It is crossable with an array of different rose hybrids as a pistillate and staminate parent and produces a high percentage of winter-hardy, recurrently flowering, and disease-resistant offspring.
Charge-driven condensation of RNA and proteins suggests broad role of phase separation in cytoplasmic environments

Phase separation processes are increasingly being recognized as important organizing mechanisms of biological macromolecules in cellular environments. Well established drivers of liquid-liquid phase separation are multi-valency and intrinsic disorder. Here, we show that globular macromolecules may condense simply based on electrostatic complementarity. More specifically, phase separation of mixtures between RNA and positively charged proteins is described from a combination of multiscale computer simulations with microscopy and spectroscopy experiments. Condensates retain liquid character and phase diagrams are mapped out as a function of molecular concentrations in experiment and as a function of molecular size and temperature via simulations. The results suggest a more general principle for phase separation that is based primarily on electrostatic complementarity without invoking polymer properties as in most previous studies. Simulation results furthermore suggest that such phase separation may occur widely in heterogenous cellular environment between nucleic acid and protein components. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Liquid-liquid phase separation has been recognized as a key mechanism for forming membrane-less organelles in cells. Commonly discussed mechanisms invoke a role of disordered peptides and specific multi-valent interactions. We report here phase separation of RNA and proteins based on a more universal principle of charge complementarity that does not require disorder or specific interactions. The findings are supported by coarse-grained simulations, theory, and experimental validation via microscopy and spectroscopy. The broad implication of this work is that condensate formation may be a universal phenomenon in biological systems.
Descriptions of eight new Pseudolucia species from Argentina with an updated list of species distributed in the austral regions of South America (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae: Polyommatinae)

Eight species of Pseudolucia Nabokov, 1945 are described from Mendoza and San Juan regions of Argentina: P. calingasta sp. n. from San Juan (P. andina species group); P. atutia sp. n. , P. ofi r sp. n. and P. ulibarrii sp. n. from San Juan (P. argentina species group); P. sosneada sp. n. from Mendoza (P. chilensis species group); P. kieslingi sp. n. from Mendoza and P. mercedaria sp. n. from San Juan (P. collina species group) and P. pilgrama sp. n. from San Juan (P. sibylla species group). Identifi cation keys for groups are given. Taxonomy, known distributions, larval hostplants of the species are recorded and the biology/ethology of the species are briefl y discussed. Th e distribution of the genus Pseudolucia in austral South America is given. With 68 fi gures and one table.
Grape development and improvement.

X HE present commercial grape industry in the United States has developed along two main lines. On the Pacific coast the industry has depended upon the importation and improvement of varieties of the grape of the Old World, Vitis vinifera L. , while in the remainder of the country the industr^^ has been based upon the development of the American species indigenous to the region, hybrids of these species, and finally hybrids of native species with V, vinifera. On the other hand, tlie industry in the Old World originated actively from the single species V, vinifera. This, species has also played a vital part in the improvement of our native grapes. It w^as known in prehistoric times. Sacred writings and ancient myths and fables extol the vahie of this grape. Seeds of the grape have been found in the remains of lake dwellings of the Bronze Age in Switzerland and Italy and in the tombs of ancient Egypt. Remains of grape leaves have also been found in calcareous rocks in Prance, where they were apparently deposited in prehistoric times. It is the belief of botanists that the ancient home of this species was the Caspian Sea region.
cytoskeletal regulation of gremline architecture in C. elegans

The cytoskeleton is key to cell shape and function. Though organized in diverse arrays, the fundamental cytoskeletal elements and their regulatory toolbox are conserved. How different types of cell use the same set of basic cytoskeletal tools to build distinctive architectures has been extensively studied, but little has been done to investigate their regulation in complicated systems like tissues or organs. The germline of Caenorhabditis elegans offers a simple model to investigate cytoskletal organization and its regulation in a muticellular system. The majority portion of the C. elegans germline is a syncytium in which the germ cell nuclei are orderly arranged in an evenly-spaced pattern. Using this system I first investigated the mechanism of nuclear positioning in the germline. In the C. elegans embryo, the centrosome, which is attached to the nucleus via ZYG-12, organizes the microtubule network and promotes nuclear migration. Surprisingly, in the gonad ZYG-12 is dispensable for centrosome attachment. Using temperature sensitive mutants, I discovered ZYG-12–mediated recruitment of dynein to the nuclear envelope is required to maintain microtubule organization, membrane architecture, and nuclear positioning within the syncytial gonad. I also found that γ-tubulin localizes to the plasma membrane in addition to the centrosome, and regrowth initiates at both sites. I propose that gonad architecture, including membrane and nuclear positioning, is determined by microtubule nucleation at the plasma membrane combined with tension on the microtubules produced by dynein anchored at the nucleus by ZYG-12. I further investigated the role of cytokinetic machinery in maintaining germline architecture. The germline syncytium is the result of incomplete cytokinesis at the distal mitotic zone. In the germline the cleavage plane organizer centralspindlin complex and the adapter protein anillin are sequentially assembled to the intercellular bridge in a microtubule independent manner. Other cytokinetic factors, including RhoA, F-actin and myosin, are all enriched on the membrane. I showed F-actin is necessary for maintaining the germline morphology but myosin is not required. Given that both actomyosin ring components, F-actin and myosin, are loaded in the germline, an inhibitory mechanism may exist to prevent the contraction of the intercellular bridge. Through this work I demonstrated C. elegans germline is a valuable model to study cytoskeletal
Isolation of lingzhifuran A and lingzhilactones D–F from Ganoderma lucidum as specific Smad3 phosphorylation inhibitors and total synthesis of lingzhifuran A

Lingzhifuran A (1) and lingzhilactones D–F (2–4), four new phenolic meroterpenoids were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic data. Chiral HPLC analysis indicates the racemic nature of 2–4. Chiral separation followed by X-ray diffraction analysis discloses the absolute configuration of (−)-2. Compounds 1 and 2 could selectively inhibit TGF-β1-induced Smad3 phosphorylation in rat renal tubular epithelial cells, representing novel scaffolds of selective Smad3 activation inhibitors. Total synthesis accompanied by in vivo rodent experiments reveals antifibrotic activities of 1 against kidney fibrosis. Finally, a plausible biosynthetic pathway for 1 was proposed.
Estrogen receptor (ER) b, a modulator of ERa in the uterus

†Many of the effects of estrogens on the uterus are mediated by ERa, the predominant ER in the mature organ. Because of the poor reproductive capacity of ERb knockout (BERKO) female mice (small litter size, multiple-resorbed fetuses), the role of uterine ERb was explored. In the immature uterus, ERa and ERb are expressed at comparable levels in the epithelium and stroma, and 17b-estradiol (E2) treatment decreases ERb in the stroma. The immature uterus of untreated BERKO mice exhibits elevated levels of progesterone receptor (PR) and the proliferation-associated protein, Ki-67. It also exhibits exaggerated responsiveness to E2, as indicated by enlargement of the lumen, increase in volume and protein content of uterine secretion, induction of the luminal epithelial secretory protein, complement C3, and its regulatory cytokine IL-1b, and induction of vascular endothelial growth factor and insulin-like growth factor 1 but not its receptor. As expected, E2 increased PR in the stroma and decreased it in the luminal epithelium of wild-type mice. In the BERKO uterus, E2 induced PR in the stroma but did not down-regulate it in the epithelium. Increased cell proliferation and exaggerated response to E2 in BERKO suggest that ERb plays a role in modulation of the effects of ERa and in addition (or as a consequence of this) has an antiproliferative function in the immature uterus.
Analysis of stomach contents of the smalltail shark Carcharhinus porosus from Northern Brazil

Le regime alimentaire du requin tiqueue, Carcharhinus porosus, a ete etudie en analysant des contenus stomacaux de 684 specimens captures dans les eaux cotieres de l'etat du Maranhao (Nord du Bresil). Les estomacs de 25% des requins contenaient de la nourriture qui etait constituee a 80% de poissons. Les principales proies sont des Sciaenidae, Macrodon ancylodon et Stellifer naso. Toutes les especes de poissons identifiees dans les contenus stomacaux sont abondantes dans la region du Maranhao, suggerant que C. porosus est un predateur opportuniste. Les taux les plus eleves d'estomacs vides ont ete observes entre septembre et novembre, aussi bien chez les jeunes que chez les adultes. Le poids moyen des estomacs pleins variait de 40 a 60 g pour les adultes et de 20 a 25 g pour les jeunes. En moyenne, l'estomac d'un jeune ou d'un adulte contenait une proie. Les estomacs des mâles adultes etaient les seuls a montrer des Elasmobranches parmi les proies. La nourriture des jeunes est consideree comme plus eclectique que celle des adultes. Des variations du regime alimentaire ont ete observees entre les differents stades ontogeniques chez les mâles et chez les femelles. Une relation entre la taille des proies et celle des predateurs a pu etre etablie.