Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress and inflammatory markers

ABSTRACT Introduction: The increasing prevalence of hyperglycaemia implicates a state of oxidative stress and inflammation. Traditional and emerging biomarkers associated with increasing hyperglycaemia were assessed to clarify their role they play in hyperglycaemia. Results: 309 participants attending a rural diabetic screening program were categorised into control and quintile groups based upon glucose levels: 1st quintile - <4.5 mmol/L and 4th, 5th quintile - >6.1 mmol/L. Significant results were obtained for anthropometric data and biochemical markers - glucose, HbA1c and total cholesterol (P < 0.001); oxidative stress: glutathione (P < 0.001), glutathione:glutathione disulfide and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (P < 0.05). Interleukin -1β and inflammatory marker ratios IL-6/IL-10, IL-1β/IL-10, MCP-1/IL-10, IGF-1/IL-10 and IL-6/IL-1β were significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study provided further evidence that inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers may contribute to diagnostic information associated with preclinical increases in BGL. Further we have provided a unique study in the analysis of ratios of inflammatory biomarkers and correlations with increasing BGL.
A 1H‐NMR method for determining temperature in cell culture perfusion systems

This report describes a noninvasive 1H‐NMR method for measuring absolute temperatures (±0.2°C) in biological samples and, in particular, in cell culture perfusion systems, utilizing the linear temperature dependence of the water chemical shift relative to the temperature‐independent shift of one of the components of the biological medium, e.g., pyruvate, acetate, or lactate. The effects of flow on temperature can be monitored and appropriate adjustments of the temperature controller can be made.
Rapid Publication Chemokine Receptor Usage by Human Eosinophils The Importance of CCR 3 Demonstrated Using an Antagonistic Monoclonal Antibody

Chemokines bind and signal through G-protein coupled seven transmembrane receptors. Various chemokine receptors are expressed on leukocytes, and these may impart selective homing of leukocyte subsets to sites of inflammation. Human eosinophils express the eotaxin receptor, CCR3, but respond to a variety of CC chemokines apart from eotaxin, including RANTES, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-2, MCP-3, and MCP-4. Here we describe a mAb, 7B11, that is selective for CCR3 and has the properties of a true receptor antagonist. 7B11 blocked binding of various radiolabeled chemokines to either CCR3 transfectants, or eosinophils. Pretreatment of eosinophils with this mAb blocked chemotaxis and calcium flux induced by all CCR3 ligands. In all individuals examined, including allergic and eosinophilic donors, . 95% of the response of eosinophils to eotaxin, RANTES, MCP-2, MCP-3, and MCP-4 was shown to be mediated through CCR3. The IL-8 receptors, particularly CXCR2, were induced on IL-5 primed eosinophils, however these eosinophils responded to CC chemokines in the same manner as unprimed eosinophils. These results demonstrate the importance of CCR3 for eosinophil responses, and the feasibility of completely antagonizing this receptor. ( J. Clin. Invest. 1997. 99:178–184.)
Routing Protocols for Underwater Wireless Sensor Network Based on Location: A Survey

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) have become more and more important in ocean exploration applications, such as scientific, military, safety, commercial, environmental etc. The routing protocol designing is the attractive area for the researchers. The researchers have introduced majority numbers of routing protocols for underwater wireless sensor networks but still the design of routing protocol for underwater environment is a challenging issue due to distinctive characteristics of underwater medium. The majority numbers of issues needs to be improvements these issues are: limited bandwidth of acoustic channel, high bit error rates, propagation delay, and 3D deployment. This paper focuses the analysis of routing protocols based on location with its unique classification. This article plays a significant attention to construct a reliable routing protocol, which provides the effectual discovery of the route between source nodes to sink nodes. In addition this research article focuses the limitations of proposed routing protocols based on location. The analytical analysis and numerical simulation analysis method of proposed routing protocols helps the researchers to further research in the field of routing protocols based on location.
Isometric and swallowing tongue strength in healthy adults

The tongue contributes to a safe swallow. It facilitates bolus control during mastication, maintains a bolus in the oral cavity to prevent premature entry of the bolus into the hypopharynx, and helps generate pressure in the hypopharynx during swallowing. This study examined isometric tongue strength and tongue pressure measured during swallowing in healthy young and older adults.
Handedness in families

The distribution of left-handedness in young adults and their relatives is described in this paper in two ways. First, the incidence of sinistrality is given in families grouped according to parental handedness as in previous reports of similar material. Secondly, the incidence is given in the relatives of rightand left-handed individuals. Left handers can then be treated as propositi in estimating heritability (Falconer, 1965). Falconer’s method is suitable for characters which are discrete in the sense that a disease can be said to be present or absent in an individual but the occurrence of which can be assumed to depend on an underlying continuous distribution of liability. Handedness is probably such a character. Most individuals can be classified readily right or left handed on the basis of the writing hand but there are many different patterns of preference when several actions are considered (Annett, 1970) and these are related to a continuous normal distribution of differences between the hands in strength (Woo & Pearson, 1927) and speed (Annett, 1970). Estimates of the incidence of left-handedness vary widely (Wile, 1934). This variation depends largely on whether the criterion is left preference for all or for any of several actions which ranged from about 4 to 35 % in undergraduates questioned about 12 unimanual tasks (Annett, 1970). Part of the variation depends on differences between sexes and between generations. Sex differences are usually found and when present in normal samples are always in the direction of greater sinistrality in males. A difference between generations was found by Chamberlain (1928) and by Rife (1940) and is marked in the present sample. Sex and generation differences often affect the incidence of disease and can be taken into account in estimating heritabilities. The data of Chamberlain (1928) and Rife (1940) are re-analysed to permit comparisons of the findings of the three samples. Information as to the handedness of grandparents in the present sample is also analysed for heritability using parents as propositi.
Provisional diagnostic criteria for depression in Parkinson's disease: Report of an NINDS/NIMH Work Group

Mood disorders are the most common psychiatric problem associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), and have a negative impact on disability and quality of life. Accurate diagnosis of depressive disturbances in PD is critical and will facilitate the testing and use of new interventions; however, there are no clear diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders in PD. In their current form, strict Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) criteria are difficult to use in PD and require attribution of specific symptoms to PD itself or the depressive syndrome. Additionally, DSM criteria for major depression and dysthymia exclude perhaps half of PD patients with comorbid clinically significant depression. This review summarizes an NIH‐sponsored workshop and describes recommended changes to DSM diagnostic criteria for depression for use in PD. Participants also recommended: (1) an inclusive approach to symptom assessment to enhance reliability of ratings in PD and avoid the need to attribute symptoms to a particular cause; (2) the inclusion of subsyndromal depression in clinical research studies of depression of PD; (3) the specification of timing of assessments for PD patients with motor fluctuations; and (4) the use of informants for cognitively impaired patients. The proposed diagnostic criteria are provisional and intended to be defined further and validated but provide a common starting point for clinical research in PD‐associated depression. © 2005 Movement Disorder Society
Optimizing Concurrent M3-Transactions: A Fuzzy Constraint Satisfaction Approach

Due to the high connectivity and great convenience, many Ecommerce application systems have a high transaction volume. Consequently, the system state changes rapidly and it is likely that customers issue transactions based on out-of-date state information. Thus, the potential of transaction abortion increases greatly. To address this problem, we proposed an Mtransaction model. An M-transaction is a generalized transaction where users can issue their preferences in a request by specifying multiple criteria and optional data resources simultaneously within one transaction. In this paper, we introduce the transaction grouping and group evaluation techniques. We consider evaluating a group of Mtransactions arrived to the system within a short duration together. The system makes optimal decisions in allocating data to transactions to achieve better customer satisfaction and lower transaction failure rate. We apply the fuzzy constraint satisfaction approach for decision-making. We also conduct experimental studies to evaluate the performance of our approach. The results show that the M-transaction with group evaluation is more resilient to failure and yields much better performance than the traditional transaction model.
Cytocidal effect of interferons on porcine renal cells.

Treatment of low-passaged pig kidney cell cultures with interferon (IFN) at greater than or equal to 80 times the limit antiviral dose resulted in death of the whole sheet within 15-30 h. This cytocidal effect was specific for both IFN and target cells. It was induced by type I IFNs from three mammalian species (human, bovine, and porcine), including electrophoretically pure HuIFN-alpha. For each IFN preparation, cytocidal and antiviral titers were closely correlated. The processus was protein synthesis dependent and was inhibited by antibodies specific for IFN. Concerning the cell counterpart, the cytocidal effect was observed on 14 different cell strains, isolated from foetal, neonate or adult pig kidneys. There was two absolute requirements for cytocidal effect to appear: (i) the cells must be of epithelioid phenotype, and (ii) the cells must be in a state of confluent monolayer. Under usual conditions of subpassaging, susceptibility to cytocidal effect was lost after 20-25 passages post-explanation, at which stage the cells acquired properties known for established pig kidney cell lines, i.e., the absence of stringent contact inhibition and a weaker sensibility to antiviral effect. An intriguing feature was that cytocidal effect developed as microplaques of dead cells rapidly enlarging to surrounding cells. Several lines of evidence render highly improbable a virus involvement in this IFN-induced plaque effect. Moreover no contaminant, like virus or mycoplasma, was found in the cell strains studied. Such an IFN-induced cytocidal activity on epithelial renal cells from porcine species provide a so far unique example of short-term lethal effect of IFNs on a normal, non lymphoid cell system.
Human eosinophils express a receptor for secretory component. Role in secretory IgA‐dependent activation

The existence of a functional receptor for secretory component (SC) on the eosinophil membrane might explain the preferential degranulation induced by secretory IgA (sIgA) when compared to serum IgA. Indeed, flow cytometry analysis revealed that purified human SC could bind to a subpopulation (4–59%) of blood eosinophils purified from 19 patients with eosinophilia. Binding of radiolabeled human SC could be competitively inhibited using unlabeled SC or secretory IgA but not with serum IgA or IgG. Immunoprecipitation and immunosorbent chromatography using human SC revealed the presence of a major component at 15 kDa in eosinophil extracts as well as in culture supernatants but not in neutrophils. The 15‐kDa protein eluted from the human SC immunosorbent was able to bind to SC or to sIgA but not to serum IgA. Eosinophils preincubated with human SC or sIgA released eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) after addition of anti‐SC or anti‐IgA monoclonal antibody as respective cross‐linking reagents. These results indicated that binding of free or complexed SC to human eosinophils could induce eosinophil degranulation. Furthermore, the dose‐dependent inhibition by SC of mediator release induced by sIgA but not by serum IgA, suggested that the receptor for SC could be involved in the preferential degranulation mediated by sIgA. These results indicate a novel pathway of eosinophil activation and its potential involvement in mucosal immunity, particularly in inflammatory diseases associated with infiltration of eosinophils and the enhanced production of sIgA.
A 57–66 GHz medium power amplifier in 65-nm CMOS technology

This paper presents the design and measurement results of a 57–66 GHz medium power amplifier in 65-nm LP CMOS process. This amplifier is designed with broadband matching concern, which can achieve a measured gain more than 21 dB from 57–66 GHz and have a 3-dB bandwidth more than 14 GHz while consuming 54 mW from a 1.2 V supply. The measured results exhibit Psat of 10.3 dBm, P1dB of 6.2 dBm, and the peak PAE is 16 %at 58 GHz. The chip size is only 0.3 mm2.
Biodiversity as spatial insurance in heterogeneous landscapes

The potential consequences of biodiversity loss for ecosystem functioning and services at local scales have received considerable attention during the last decade, but little is known about how biodiversity affects ecosystem processes and stability at larger spatial scales. We propose that biodiversity provides spatial insurance for ecosystem functioning by virtue of spatial exchanges among local systems in heterogeneous landscapes. We explore this hypothesis by using a simple theoretical metacommunity model with explicit local consumer–resource dynamics and dispersal among systems. Our model shows that variation in dispersal rate affects the temporal mean and variability of ecosystem productivity strongly and nonmonotonically through two mechanisms: spatial averaging by the intermediate-type species that tends to dominate the landscape at high dispersal rates, and functional compensations between species that are made possible by the maintenance of species diversity. The spatial insurance effects of species diversity are highest at the intermediate dispersal rates that maximize local diversity. These results have profound implications for conservation and management. Knowledge of spatial processes across ecosystems is critical to predict the effects of landscape changes on both biodiversity and ecosystem functioning and services.
Maintenance of serological memory

Abstract Long-lived plasma cells are key to maintaining long-term humoral immunity after infection or vaccination. Some vaccines and/or infections induce antibody levels that remain stable for the life of the individual. However, the mechanism whereby these long-lived plasma cells are maintained over long periods of time remains an open question. Furthermore, given a finite number of sustainable plasma cells within the bone marrow, it is also unclear how space for newly induced plasma cells is generated without compromising the pre-existing repertoire. Here we review the current understanding of these important issues.
Security Testing for Mobile Applications

Software products have been becoming increasingly closely connected, particularly since the rise of mobile environments. Even programs doing menial tasks now require the user to go online, either to use cloud-based resources, or simply because the software provider does not charge users directly, but generates revenue by collecting and selling user preferences and advertising space. While the latter is often to be considered unethical, a study indicates that even those
pH as a Factor in Parasitism of Mosquito Larvae by the Mermithid Romanomermis culicivorax.

T h e effects of a n u m b e r of env i ronm e n t a l factors on the pa ra s i t i sm of m o s q u i t o la rvae by Romanomermis culicivorax Ross and Smi th ( = Reesimermis nielseni, attct, pa r t im . ) have been s t ud i ed ( I -6) . However , the on ly two repor t s of the effects of hyd rogen ion concen t r a t i ons on the infec t ive stage (p reparas i t e ) of this n e m a t o d e give d i s s imi l a r results . B r o w n a n d Pla tzer (2) observed in tec t ions to occur over a p H range of 3.6-8.6, whereas Chen (3) r e p o r t e d tha t o p t i m t t m p H for in fec t ion by R. culicivorax was 6.7-7.2, t ha t no in fec t ion was obse rved be low p H 5.7 and above 8.7, and tha t a s h a r p d r o p in in fec t ion occur red be low p H 6.2 and above 7.7. Resu l t s of research r e p o r t e d here are pe r t i nen t . One h u n d r e d f irs tinstar Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say were exposed in 100-ml beakers to 300 16-hr-old p repa ras i t e s of R. culicivorax in 50 ml of so lu t i on ranging in p H from 4.81 to 8.48. Af t e r 24 1l, m o s q u i t o la rvae were t r ans fe r red to r ea r ing pans a n d he ld un t i l the e x t e n t of in fec t ion could be d e t e r m i n e d . T e s t so lu t ions consisted of d i s t i l l ed wa te r c o n t a i n i n g 0.005 M NaHzPO~ a n d / o r 0.005 M N a H 2 P O , T h e specific p H values were o b t a i n e d by va ry ing the pe rcen tage of the two salt solut ions . Since p H values m o d e r a t e d s l igh t ly dur ing the 24-hr e x p o s u r e p e r i o d (i.e., 4.81 to 5.54, 8.48 to 7.93), means were d e t e r m i n e d for each test c o n t a i n e r and r eco rded as the p H for the g iven con ta ine r . T h e test was c o n d u c t e d at a m b i e n t t e m p e r a t u r e s (26-27 C) and c o n d u c t e d five t imes.
The Biological Clock: The Bodyguard of Temporal Homeostasis

In order for any organism to function properly, it is crucial that it be table to control the timing of its biological functions. An internal biological clock, located, in mammals, in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus (SCN), therefore carefully guards this temporal homeostasis by delivering its message of time throughout the body. In view of the large variety of body functions (behavioral, physiological, and endocrine) as well as the large variety in their preferred time of main activity along the light:dark cycle, it seems logical to envision different means of time distribution by the SCN. In the present review, we propose that even though it presents a unimodal circadian rhythm of general electrical and metabolic activity, the SCN seems to use several sorts of output connections that are active at different times along the light: dark cycle to control the rhythmic expression of different body functions. Although the SCN is suggested to use diffusion of synchronizing factors in the rhythmic control of behavioral functions, it also needs neuronal connections for the control of endocrine functions. The distribution of the time-of-day message to neuroendocrine systems is either directly onto endocrine neurons or via intermediate neurons located in specific SCN targets. In addition, the SCN uses its connections with the autonomic nervous system for spreading its time-of-day message, either by setting the sensitivity of endocrine glands (i.e., thyroid, adrenal, ovary) or by directly controlling an endocrine output (i.e., melatonin synthesis). Moreover, the SCN seems to use different neurotransmitters released at different times along the light: dark cycle for each of the different connection types presented. Clearly, the temporal homeostasis of endocrine functions results from a diverse set of biological clock outputs.
Ionospheric scintillation receiving algorithm based on open-loop tracking

Rapid and random temporal fluctuations in amplitude and phase of signal caused when GNSS signals are propagating through irregularities in electron density of the ionosphere are called amplitude and phase scintillation. Ionospheric scintillation can degrade receiver tracking performance, and in extreme cases, out of lock entirely. The elfect of amplitude scintillation on the signal is similar to that of a weak signal. The effect of phase scintillation on the ionosphere is similar to that of high dynamics. When the signal propagates in such an environment, traditional close-loop needs to increase the coherent integration time(T) and loop bandwidth(B) for tracking the signal, which increases the B∗T value and affects the loop stability. The signal parameters of the open-loop structure are not fed back. In the condition of ionospheric scintillation, it allows longer integration time to increase the robustness of loop. Compared with traditional close-loop algorithm, ionospheric scintillation receiving algorithm based on open-loop tracking can reduce carrier cycle slips under moderate and strong scintillation. In the strong scintillation, the number of carrier cycle slips reduced 67%. In the weak scintillation environment, the equivalent effect of traditional close-loop algorithm can be obtained. When the receiver under certain dynamics, the open-loop algorithm can keep a good tracking of ionospheric scintillation signal, the traditional close-loop algorithm is very easy to lose lock. This study can provide some reference for the design of the receiver.
Single switching double powering converter for reducing power consumption of AC/DC adapter in standby mode

Many electrical devices are required to operate in standby mode when not in performing their primary purpose. Devices operating in standby mode are always on and consistently dissipate power. Recently, the environmental impact of energy consumed by electrical devices in standby mode has attracted the attention of governments and the public. In this paper, to reduce standby power consumption, a single switching double powering converter for AC/DC adapter is proposed. Since the proposed converter has double powering paths during one switching cycle, it can reduce the number of switching times and the switching loss. Therefore, it can decrease the standby power consumption. To verity the performance of the proposed converter, operational principles and experimental results of 65 W/17.5 V prototype are presented.