Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Hurricane Risk Perceptions and Evacuation Decision-Making in the Age of COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic increases the complexity of planning for hurricanes as social distancing is in direct conflict with human mobility and congregation. COVID-19 presents not only urgent challenges for this hurricane season due to the likeliness of continued or heightened COVID-19 threat, but also challenges with the next hurricane season with additional waves of the pandemic. There is severe urgency to understand the impact of COVID-19 risk perceptions and the extent people are willing to risk their lives by sheltering in place rather than evacuating during severe hurricanes. In June 2020, a survey (in both English and Spanish) of 40 questions was disseminated through regional planning councils, emergency management, and the media to Florida residents. A total of 7,072 people responded from over 50 counties. Most data obtained were ordinal or categorical in nature, encouraging usage of nonparametric analysis and chi-square tests. Almost half the respondents view themselves as vulnerable to COVID-19 due to preexisting health conditions, and 74.3% of individuals viewed the risk of being in a shelter during the COVID-19 pandemic as more dangerous than enduring hurricane hazards. Additionally, there was a significant number of individuals who would choose to not utilize a public shelter during COVID-19 when they would have previously. Officials can use the results of this study regarding how household evacuation plans change with social distancing to better inform strategies of shelter preparedness and COVID-19 risk mitigation to minimize risk to those in harm’s way of storm surge and other hurricane effects during a mandatory evacuation order.
Survey on Mapping Human Hand Motion to Robotic Hands for Teleoperation

Mapping human hand motion to robotic hands has great significance in a wide range of applications, such as teleoperation and imitation learning. The ultimate goal is to develop a device-independent control solution based on human hand synergies. Over the past twenty years, a considerable number of mapping methods have been proposed, but most of the mapping methods use intrusive devices, such as the CyberGlove data gloves, to capture human hand motion. Until recently, a very small number of mapping methods have been proposed based on vision-based human hand pose estimation. Traditionally, mapping methods and vision-based human hand pose estimation have been studied independently. To the best of our knowledge, no review has been conducted to summarize the achievements on haptic mapping methods or explore the feasibility of applying off-the-shelf human hand pose estimation algorithms to teleoperation. To address this literature gap, we present the first survey on mapping human hand motion to robotic hands from a kinematic and algorithmic perspective. We discuss the realistic challenges, intuitively summarize recent mapping methods, analyze the theoretical solutions, and provide a teleoperation-oriented human hand pose estimation overview. As a preliminary exploration, a vision-based human hand pose estimation algorithm is introduced for robotic hand teleoperation.
Visible Light Driven Photocatalytic Decolorization and Disinfection of Water Employing Reduced TiO2 Nanopowders

Defect-engineering of TiO2 can have a major impact on its photocatalytic properties for the degradation of persisting and non-biodegradable pollutants. Herein, a series of intrinsic and extrinsic defects are induced by post annealing of crystalline TiO2 under different reducing atmospheres. A detailed optoelectronic characterization sheds light on the key characteristics of the defect-engineered TiO2 nanopowders that are linked to the photocatalytic performance of the prepared photocatalysts. The photodegradation of a model dye, malachite green, as well as the inactivation of bacterial endospores of the Geobacillus stearothermophilus species were studied in the presence of the developed catalysts under visible light illumination. Our results indicate that a combination of certain defects is necessary for the improvement of the photocatalytic process for water purification and disinfection under visible light.
Hubungan physical activity dengan fine motor skills pada anak usia 4 tahun

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara physical activity dengan fine motor skills pada anak usia 4 tahun. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan korelasional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu anak usia 4 tahun yang sedang menempuh pendidikan anak usia dini di PAUD, TK, dan KB di Kota Bandung. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 53 anak dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa Accelerometer Actigraph dan 9-Hole Peg Test. Accelerometer Actigraph digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat physical activity atau aktivitas fisik dengan hasil yang menunjukan bahwa anak – anak paling banyak meenghabiskan waktu di skor light daripada sedentary, moderate-to-vigorous dan vigorous. 9-Hole Peg Test digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat kemampuan motorik halus atau fine motor skills anak dengan hasil menunjukan bahwa anak lebih terampil dalam menggunakan tangan yang dominan. Data kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan Spearman Correlation Test. Hasil analisis data menunjukan tidak terdapat korelasi antara physical activity dengan fine motor skills baik pada tangan dominan (p=0,678>0,05) maupun dengan tangan non dominan (p=0,167>0,05) yang berarti tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara physical activity dengan fine motor skills pada anak usia 4 tahun. Kata Kunci : Physical Activity, Fine Motor Skills, Anak Usia 4 Tahun The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between physical activity and fine motor skills in 4-year-old children. The method used is quantitative research method with the correlation research approach. The population in this study were 4-year-old children who were taking early education in PAUD, TK, and KB in Bandung City. A total of 53 4-year-old children participated in this study by using purposive sampling technique. The instrumen used were Accelerometer Actograph and 9-Hole Peg Test. The accelerometer actigraph is used to measure the level of physical activity and the results show that children spend the most time on the light score rather than sedentary, moderate-to-vigorous and vigorous score. 9-Hole Peg Test is used to measure the level of fine motor skills of children and the results showing that children are more skilled in using the dominant hand. Data were analyzed using the Spearman Correlation Test. The results of data analysis showed there are no correlation between physical activity and fine motor skills both in dominant hand (p=0.678>0,05) and with the non-dominant hand (p=0,167>0,05) which meant there are no significant relationship between physical activity and fine motor skills in 4-year-old children. Keywords: Physical Activity, Fine Motor Skills, 4-Year-Old Children
The Current State of Eunicida (Annelida) Systematics and Biodiversity

In this study, we analyze the current state of knowledge on extant Eunicida systematics, morphology, feeding, life history, habitat, ecology, distribution patterns, local diversity and exploitation. Eunicida is an order of Errantia annelids characterized by the presence of ventral mandibles and dorsal maxillae in a ventral muscularized pharynx. The origin of Eunicida dates back to the late Cambrian, and the peaks of jaw morphology diversity and number of families are in the Ordovician. Species richness is heterogeneous among the seven recent families, with more than half of the valid species belonging to the Eunicidae + Onuphidae clade, one of the latest clades to diverge. Eunicidans inhabit soft and hard substrates from intertidal to deep waters in all oceans. The few freshwater species are restricted to Histriobdellidae, a family exclusively commensal/parasite of crustaceans. The reproductive biology, development and ecology of most families are poorly known and the information available suggests low dispersal ability. However, all families have records of widely distributed species. Scrutiny of these wide distributions has often revealed the presence of exotic species or more than one species. The exploration of the deep-sea and of new habitats has led to recent descriptions of new species. Furthermore, the revision of type specimens, the examination of new morphological features and the use of molecular data have revealed hidden biodiversity under unjustified synonyms, poor understanding of morphological features and incomplete descriptions. Molecular studies are still very few or nonexistent for the families Histriobdellidae, Hartmaniellidae, Lumbrineridae and Oenonidae. The integration of new methodologies for morphological and molecular study, along with information on biological and ecological traits appears to be the path to improve the knowledge on the diversity of Eunicida.
Effect of a multicarbohydrase supplementation to diets varying in metabolisable energy level on the performance, carcase traits, caecal microbiota, intestinal morphology, and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens

Abstract This trial was conducted to investigate the effects of multi-carbohydrase supplementation on the performance, carcase traits, intestinal histomorphology, caecal microbiota and nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens fed diets with varying energy levels. A total of 400-day-old male chicks were allocated into eight dietary treatments in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement with 5 replicates per treatment. There were 4 dietary energy levels (the standard breed recommendation and reductions of 50, 100 and 150 kcal/kg from the standard) with or without multi-carbohydrase supplementation. Reducing the energy level by 50 kcal/kg did not significantly impact the measured parameters compared to the standard recommendation while it is reducing by 100 and 150 kcal/kg resulted in significant decreases in the body weight (BW) by levels up to 4.41% and a significant increase in the feed conversion ratio (FCR) by levels up to 4.67%. Enzyme supplementation significantly improved the BW and FCR by 3.24% and 2.95%, respectively. Dietary energy lowered by 100–150 kcal/kg resulted in a significant decrease in the dressing (up to 2.42%), breast yield (up to 2.82%), fat pads (up to 8.72%), liver (up to 6.30%) percentages and coliform count (up to 28.5%). The digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract and gross energy was increased due to enzyme supplementation by 4.15, 3.50, 3.35 and 3.72%, respectively. In conclusion, broiler performance and carcase traits can be negatively impacted if the energy density is reduced by 100–150 kcal/kg diet. Enzyme supplementation can improve the performance and nutrient digestibility regardless of the dietary energy level. HIGHLIGHTS The metabolisable energy level can be reduced by 50 kcal/kg diets compared to the breed recommendation. Decreasing the energy level by 100 or 150 kcal/kg diet compared to breed recommendations resulted in a negative impact on the performance. Multicarbohydrase blend supplementation resulted in significant improvements in the performance and nutrient digestibility.
Microstructural, corrosion and mechanical properties of additively manufactured alloys: a review

Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) of metallic alloys offers a new avenue to print objects having complex geometries. This exclusive benefit of AM has made it an alternative route to conventional manufacturing. Importantly, additively manufactured (AMed) alloys often exhibit improved microstructures, which may provide better properties. The microstructure of an alloy can be tuned by controlling the processing parameters. This study includes an overview of the processing parameters that can influence the microstructural, mechanical, and corrosion properties of AMed alloys. Moreover, the effects of heat treatment on AMed alloys are also discussed. Among various processing parameters, it is observed that the laser power significantly influences the microstructure. The microstructures produced with high laser power are similar to heat-treated samples for 316L stainless steel (SS) and Ti6Al4V. Similarly, variation in scanning speed results in distinct morphology of grains in Ti6Al4V. Moreover, different AM processes, such as SLM and EBM, produce coarse and fine β grains, respectively, in Ti6Al4V. The fabrication of AlSi10Mg yields various sizes of melt pool due to different scanning strategies. Furthermore, mechanical properties such as microhardness is higher and the yield strength is lower for Ti6Al4V fabricated at lower laser power. The corrosion behavior of SLMed Ti6Al4V is different on the perpendicular and parallel planes to the build direction. Due to the increase in grain size after heat treatment, the corrosion resistance of AMed Ti6Al4V and AlSi10Mg is reduced. In contrast, heat treatment applied on 316L, Ti6Al4V, AlSi10Mg, and Inconel 718 is beneficial for mechanical properties. After the development of materials with optimized processing parameters, the research should be conducted on replacement of the wrought alloys with the AMed alloys. It is expected that new applications such as fuel cells and biomedical devices will utilize the AM technology to build parts in the recent future.
Polarimetric Decomposition of Near-Earth Asteroids Using Arecibo Radar Observations

The polarization state of radar echoes from planetary bodies contains information about the scattering mechanisms present on the surface and thus the near-surface physical properties. Polarimetric radar scatter from complex surfaces, such as those observed for spacecraft-visited near-Earth asteroids (NEAs), is not well understood in terms of relating observed polarimetry to surface properties. Here we present an improved methodology for polarimetric analyses of ground-based radar observations of NEAs, extending techniques derived for larger bodies. We calculate the Stokes vector for delay-Doppler images of NEAs and use this to perform the m-chi decomposition and derive polarimetric products such as the degree of polarization, circular polarization ratio, and degree of linear polarization. We apply this methodology to radar observations of NEAs (53319) 1999 JM8, (101955) Bennu, and (33342) 1998 WT24 obtained by the Arecibo Observatory. We also perform numerical simulations of the m-chi decomposition for irregular boulders to augment the interpretation of the results for NEAs. Our analyses show that significant components of radar echoes are depolarized (random polarization) and linearly polarized. The numerical simulations confirm that depolarization is increased by single scattering from nonspherical wavelength-scale particles. Our analysis suggests that 1999 JM8 is possibly covered in regolith and that surface scatterers dominate the scattering properties of Bennu. The NEA 1998 WT24 displays diverse polarimetric properties, which we reconcile with optical and thermal observations by assuming a fine-grained regolith mantling a rugged, dense interior. In this work, we demonstrate the usefulness of radar polarimetry in characterizing the physical properties of planetary surfaces.
Review of Electric Vehicle Converter Configurations, Control Schemes and Optimizations: Challenges and Suggestions

Electric vehicles are receiving widespread attention around the world due to their improved performance and zero carbon emissions. The effectiveness of electric vehicles depends on proper interfacing between energy storage systems and power electronics converters. However, the power delivered by energy storage systems illustrates unstable, unregulated and substantial voltage drops. To overcome these limitations, electric vehicle converters, controllers and modulation schemes are necessary to achieve a secured and reliable power transfer from energy storage systems to the electric motor. Nonetheless, electric vehicle converters and controllers have shortcomings including a large number of components, high current stress, high switching loss, slow dynamic response and computational complexity. Therefore, this review presents a detailed investigation of different electric vehicle converters highlighting topology, features, components, operation, strengths and weaknesses. Moreover, this review explores the various types of electric vehicle converter controllers and modulation techniques concerning functional capabilities, operation, benefits and drawbacks. Besides, the significance of optimization algorithms in electric vehicle converters is illustrated along with their objective functions, executions and various factors. Furthermore, this review explores the key issues and challenges of electric vehicle converters, controllers and optimizations to identify future research gaps. Finally, important and specific suggestions are delivered toward the development of an efficient converter for future sustainable electric vehicle applications.
Enantioselective synthesis of chiral porphyrin macrocyclic hosts and kinetic enantiorecognition of viologen guests

The construction of macromolecular hosts that are able to thread chiral guests in a stereoselective fashion is a big challenge. We herein describe the asymmetric synthesis of two enantiomeric C2-symmetric porphyrin macrocyclic hosts that thread and bind different viologen guests. Time-resolved fluorescence studies show that these hosts display a factor 3 kinetic preference (ΔΔG‡on = 3 kJ mol−1) for threading onto the different enantiomers of a viologen guest appended with bulky chiral 1-phenylethoxy termini. A smaller kinetic selectivity (ΔΔG‡on = 1 kJ mol−1) is observed for viologens equipped with small chiral sec-butoxy termini. Kinetic selectivity is absent when the C2-symmetric hosts are threaded onto chiral viologens appended with chiral tails in which the chiral moieties are located in the centers of the chains, rather than at the chain termini. The reason is that the termini of the latter guests, which engage in the initial stages of the threading process (entron effect), cannot discriminate because they are achiral, in contrast to the chiral termini of the former guests. Finally, our experiments show that the threading and de-threading rates are balanced in such a way that the observed binding constants are highly similar for all the investigated host–guest complexes, i.e. there is no thermodynamic selectivity.
Optimizing Sector Ring Histogram of Oriented Gradients for human injured detection from drone images

Abstract Developing a system for emergency response and rescue to find injured people within images has been an interest to many researchers. The key challenge is to define a proper feature to describe the human body's appearance. Various features are often extracted from low-level data, such as texture and colour (Zhang et al., Sensors. 19(5):1005, 2020). One of the strong features is the Sector Ring Histogram of Oriented Gradients (SRHOG) that has been successfully applied to human detection tasks. Despite good accuracy in finding humans, an SRHOG detection method produces a large amount of false-negative labels. Locating an injured body after a disaster in drone images using an imaging camera remained a challenge. This study presents a new extension to SRHOG, so-called AdSRHOG, to reduce the number of false labels. In our approach, the gradient filters used by SRHOG defined adaptively depending on the corresponding pixel location The proposed feature was used the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm to detect humans on drone images. The experiments showed a significant improvement of up to 54.3% in reducing the false labels. It was also found that the overall accuracy of the human detection process had a notable improvement of 13.1% over a traditional SRHOG detection technique.
Health, Diet, and Violence during Wari Expansion: Bioarchaeology at Ak’awillay, Cusco, Peru

The expansion of states and empires often has important consequences for local populations, including increased violence, greater stress, or dietary modifications resulting in changing health conditions. This paper presents the analysis of 73 skeletons from the Cusco site of Ak’awillay, shedding light on diet, health, and violence in the Middle Horizon. Results indicate that the people of Ak’awillay led a rigorous lifestyle and suffered from more nutritional deficiencies compared to previous populations, possibly pointing to increased maize consumption. However, the low incidence of trauma at Ak’awillay and other Cusco sites suggest that the Wari presence in Cusco was not entrenched in violence.
What Do Happiness Data Mean? Theory and Survey Evidence

What utility notion—e.g. flow/lifetime, self/family-centered—do self-reported well-being (SWB) questions measure? Existing applications make different assumptions regarding the (i) life domains, (ii) time horizons, and (iii) other-regarding preferences captured by SWB data. To obtain relevant evidence, we ask survey respondents what they had in mind regarding (i)–(iii) when answering commonly used—life satisfaction, happiness, ladder—and new SWB questions. We find that respondents’ self-reports differ from researchers’ assumptions, and differ across SWB questions and sociodemographic groups. At the same time, simple SWB-question wording tweaks are effective in moving self-reports towards desired interpretations. We outline actionable suggestions for SWB researchers. JEL Classification: D69, D90, I31
Ursolic Acid Inhibits the Activation of Kupffer Cells by Caspase-11/NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling Pathways

Background: Previous studies have indicated that Kupffer cells (KCs) are the main regulatory cells for the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and caspase-11/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling plays crucial roles in the activation of monocyte-macrophages. Ursolic acid (UA) is a traditional Chinese medicine with antifibrotic effects, but the molecular mechanism underlying these effects is still unclear.Methods: A mouse primary Kupffer cell line in vitro and liver fibrosis mice (including specific gene knockout mice) in vivo were selected as experimental objects. RT-qPCR and Western blotting techniques were utilized to assess the mRNA and protein expression in each group. ELISA and histological analysis were utilized to assess liver injury and collagen deposition.Results: In vitro, caspase-11/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling promoted the activation of Kupffer cells, and UA inhibited the activation of Kupffer cells by caspase-11/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling. In vivo, UA reversed liver damage and fibrosis in fibrotic mice and was related to Kupffer cells; the expression of Caspase-11/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in Kupffer cells of the UA group was inhibited. Even in the CCl4 group, the liver damage and fibrosis of NLRP3 knockout mice were alleviated, and related experiments also proved that the inhibitory effect of UA on Kupffer cells was related to the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.Conclusion: Caspase-11/NLRP3 inflammasome signal transduction is closely related to the activation of Kupffer cells and the occurrence of liver fibrosis. Additionally, caspase-11/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling serves as a new target for UA antifibrosis treatment.