Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dissociation: Cognitive Capacity or Dysfunction?

SUMMARY Dissociative experiences are mostly studied as a risk factor for dissociative pathology. Nonpathological dissociation is quite common in the general population, however, and may reflect a constitutionally determined cognitive style rather than a pathological trait acquired through the experience of adverse life events. In a theoretical model, we propose that nonpathological dissociation is characterized by high levels of elaboration learning and reconstructive retrieval, for which enhanced levels of attentional and working memory abilities are a prerequisite. These characteristics, in general, seem to be representative for a higher ability to (re-)construct conscious experiences. We review some of our behavioral as well as neural (i.e., fMRI, ERPs) studies, suggesting that high dissociative individuals are characterized by heightened levels of attention, working memory and episodic memory. In nonpathological conditions a person may benefit from these dissociative abilities, although after adverse (e.g., traumatic) events the disposition may develop into dissociative pathology.
Global analysis of multi-agent systems based on Vicsek’s model

In this paper, the rate of heading consensus of a group of agents governed by Vicsek's model is estimated when the initial headings of the agents are all confined in (-pi/2, pi/2). Then, under a well-known connectivity assumption, a necessary and sufficient condition for Vicsek's model to guarantee the global heading consensus of the group is presented. Finally, we extend the result on Vicsek's model to a class of consensus protocols, which includes the popular averaging protocol as a special case.
Forming a Social structure in mobile opportunistic networks

In mobile opportunistic networks, the network topology is unpredictable and very dynamic. Thus, broadcast or flooding is the best way to disseminate information. However, this approach consumes a lot of resources and introduces a duplication problem. One way to overcome this problem is to understand the relationship between the mobile nodes to guide the information dissemination flow. In this paper, we introduce three different approaches to form a node social relationship based on the node frequency interactions. The methods are Social structure based on average frequency interactions, Social Structure based on Periodicity Frequency Interactions and Social Structure based on Sliding Window. The results show that it is possible to form a social structure based on the nodes frequency interactions with other nodes. The most suitable approach to represent the nodes social relationship in opportunistic networks is the social structure based on Sliding Window approach.
Bupropion toxicokinetic: A case report

Context. The toxicokinetics of sustained-release bupropion are not well described. Case. A 23-year-old Caucasian male took an overdose of 5,700 mg of sustained release bupropion with no co-ingestant. Venous serum samples were assayed for bupropion concentrations over the next 5 days. The peak concentration was 1.114 mg/L. The observed Tmax was found to be 8.25 h, the calculated alpha half-life 10.9 h (±SE of 4.47%), and the calculated beta half-life 19.8 h (±SE 12.62%). The alpha half-life and Tmax differ significantly from those seen in therapeutic doses. Discussion. Bezoar formation may underlie these differences. Interventions which reduce the absorption of sustained release bupropion may be effective in overdose.
Air pollution, pollens, and daily admissions for asthma in London 1987–92

BACKGROUND A study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between daily hospital admissions for asthma and air pollution in London in 1987–92 and the possible confounding and modifying effects of airborne pollen. METHODS For all ages together and the age groups 0–14, 15–64 and 65+ years, Poisson regression was used to estimate the relative risk of daily asthma admissions associated with changes in ozone, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and particles (black smoke), controlling for time trends, seasonal factors, calendar effects, influenza epidemics, temperature, humidity, and autocorrelation. Independent effects of individual pollutants and interactions with aeroallergens were explored using two pollutant models and models including pollen counts (grass, oak and birch). RESULTS In all-year analyses ozone was significantly associated with admissions in the 15–64 age group (10 ppb eight hour ozone, 3.93% increase), nitrogen dioxide in the 0–14 and 65+ age groups (10 ppb 24 hour nitrogen dioxide, 1.25% and 2.96%, respectively), sulphur dioxide in the 0–14 age group (10 μg/m3 24 hour sulphur dioxide, 1.64%), and black smoke in the 65+ age group (10 μg/m3 black smoke, 5.60%). Significant seasonal differences were observed for ozone in the 0–14 and 15–64 age groups, and in the 0–14 age group there were negative associations with ozone in the cool season. In general, cumulative lags of up to three days tended to show stronger and more significant effects than single day lags. In two-pollutant models these associations were most robust for ozone and least for nitrogen dioxide. There was no evidence that the associations with air pollutants were due to confounding by any of the pollens, and little evidence of an interaction between pollens and pollution except for synergism of sulphur dioxide and grass pollen in children (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Ozone, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and particles were all found to have significant associations with daily hospital admissions for asthma, but there was a lack of consistency across the age groups in the specific pollutant. These associations were not explained by confounding by airborne pollens nor was there convincing evidence that the effects of air pollutants and airborne pollens interact in causing hospital admissions for asthma.
Guidelines for the Design of Movement-Based Games and Their Relevance to HCI

Movement-based digital games are becoming increasingly popular, yet there is limited comprehensive guidance on how to design these games. In this article we discuss a set of guidelines for movement-based game design that were initially presented at CHI 2014 (Mueller & Isbister, 2014). These guidelines were developed through reflection upon our research-based game development practice and then validated and refined through interviews with 14 movement-based game design experts with experience in the academic, independent, and commercial game development domains. In this article, we provide an in-depth contextualization and explanation of the research process that led to the creation of the final guidelines and discuss what human–computer interaction researchers and designers might learn from the guidelines beyond entertainment contexts. The primary contribution of this research is a body of generative intermediate-level knowledge (Höök & Löwgren, 2012) in the design research tradition that is readily accessible and actionable for the design of future movement-based games and other movement-based interfaces.
Inquérito sorológico e de morbidade para arenavirose na população rural e periurbana da cidade de Turvo, SC

Os arenavirus sao causadores de febres hemorragicas em seres humanos, enquanto que, em roedores silvestres, causam infeccao cronica e aparentemente assintomatica, , na Europa, Africa, Americas e talvez outros continentes. A arenavirose e transmitida atraves de aerossois contaminados com excretas ou secrecoes de roedores contaminados, ingestao e contato direto com esses animais. Um levantamento sorologico retrospectivo foi realizado em Turvo (SC), atraves de pesquisa sobre anticorpos da classe IgG por um ensaio imunoenzimatico (ELISA) caseiro, utilizando, como antigeno, uma proteina N recombinante de arenavirus. As amostras positivas foram submetidas a um ensaio confirmatorio por immunoblotting . Foi realizado, ainda, um inquerito de morbidade, buscando dados epidemiologicos e do historico de doencas da populacao, na tentativa de correlacionar atividades realizadas pelos participantes a infeccoes por arenavirus. Foram colhidas amostras de 257 individuos com idade superior a 18 anos; sendo que a prevalencia de anticorpos IgG anti-arenavirus, detectados por ELISA, foi de 0,77% (2/257). No entanto, os ensaios de immunoblotting nao confirmaram esses resultados. Nossos resultados obtidos com o inquerito de morbidade demonstraram que a populacao de Turvo tem contato frequente com roedores e pratica situacoes de risco para a aquisicao de zoonoses transmitidas por esses animais. Desse modo, medidas educativas e de incentivo a utilizacao de EPIs pela populacao desta regiao sao altamente recomendaveis.
Depression and HIV/AIDS Treatment Nonadherence: A Review and Meta-analysis

We meta-analyzed the relationship between depression and HIV medication nonadherence to calculate the overall effect size and examine potential moderators. Overall, across 95 independent samples, depression was significantly (P < 0.0001) associated with nonadherence (r = 0.19; 95% confidence interval = 0.14 to 0.25). Studies evaluating medication adherence via interview found significantly larger effects than those using self-administered questionnaires. Studies measuring adherence along a continuum found significantly stronger effects than studies comparing dichotomies. Effect size was not significantly related to other aspects of adherence or depression measurement, assessment interval (ie, cross-sectional vs. longitudinal), sex, IV drug use, sexual orientation, or study location. The relationship between depression and HIV treatment nonadherence is consistent across samples and over time, is not limited to those with clinical depression, and is not inflated by self-report bias. Our results suggest that interventions aimed at reducing depressive symptom severity, even at subclinical levels, should be a behavioral research priority.
Cytosolic Ca2+ triggers early afterdepolarizations and torsade de pointes in rabbit hearts with type 2 long QT syndrome

The role of intracellular Ca2+ (Ca12+) in triggering early afterdepolarizations (EADs), the origins of EADs and the mechanisms underlying Torsade de Pointes (TdP) were investigated in a model of long QT syndrome (Type 2). Perfused rabbit hearts were stained with RH327 and Rhod‐2/AM to simultaneously map membrane potential (Vm) and Ca12+ with two photodiode arrays. The IKr blocker E4031 (0.5 μM) together with 50% reduction of [K+]o and [Mg2+]o elicited long action potentials (APs), Vm oscillations on AP plateaux (EADs) then ventricular tachycardia (VT). Cryoablation of both ventricular chambers eliminated Purkinje fibres as sources of EADs. E4031 prolonged APs (0.28 to 2.3 s), reversed repolarization sequences (base→apex) and enhanced repolarization gradients (30 to 230 ms, n= 12) indicating a heterogeneous distribution of IKr. At low [K+]o and [Mg2+]o, E4031 elicited spontaneous Ca12+and Vm spikes or EADs (3.5 ± 1.9 Hz) during the AP plateau (n= 6). EADs fired ‘out‐of‐phase’ from several sites, propagated, collided then evolved to TdP. Phase maps (Ca12+vs. Vm) had counterclockwise trajectories shaped like a ‘boomerang’ during an AP and like ellipses during EADs, with Vm preceding Ca12+ by 9.2 ± 1.4 (n= 6) and 7.2 ± 0.6 ms (n= 5/6), respectively. After cryoablation, EADs from surviving epicardium (∼1 mm) fired at the same frequency (3.4 ± 0.35 Hz, n= 6) as controls. At the origins of EADs, Ca12+ preceded Vm and phase maps traced clockwise ellipses. Away from EAD origins, Vm coincided with or preceded Ca12+. In conclusion, overload elicits EADs originating from either ventricular or Purkinje fibres and ‘out‐of‐phase’ EAD activity from multiple sites generates TdP, evident in pseudo‐ECGs.
On the Diversity-Multiplexing Tradeoff Under Groupwise Successive Interference Cancelation

In this paper, we study the diversity-multiplexing tradeoff assuming groupwise successive interference cancelation (GSIC). GSIC with layered codes in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) can vary from the plain SIC to the maximum likelihood (ML) decoding according to the group sizes, thus is flexible in both complexity and performance. The maximum group size is a dominating factor for the computation complexity of GSIC when the processing complexity is polynomially dependent on the group size with a high order. In this paper, we show the tradeoff among the maximum group size, diversity gain, and multiplexing gain (GDMT) under the GSIC and under the GSIC combined with antenna selection (GSICAS). For a given group-size bound c, we show that the number of groups achieving the optimal DMT under the GSIC with α selected transmit antennas is equal to ⌈α/c⌉ and a larger group should have a higher priority in decoding order. The optimal grouping is obtained in a systematic way. Based on these results, we find a limited set of groupings that contains the grouping achieving the optimal GDMT under GSIC and under GSICAS. The optimal multiplexing gain allocation for the optimal grouping is then found systematically and efficiently within the limited set.
Isolation and Sequence Analysis of the Rat Dihydrolipoamide Succinyltransferase Gene

The dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase (DLST) gene of the f -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex ( f -KGDC) was isolated from a rat genomic DNA library and sequenced. This gene was composed of 15 exons and 14 introns like the human DLST gene. Sequence analysis of the promoter-regulatory region of the rat DLST gene- ( Dlst ) showed the possible presence of a CAAT box-sequence and of the sequences for an AP-2 site and three Sp1 sites, but no TATA box-sequence was evidenced. The nucleotide sequences of introns 1 and 4 of the rat Dlst were significantly homologous to those of introns 1 and 4 of the human DLST gene. The sequence analysis of the rat Dlst suggested that the exon coding for the E3- and/or E1-binding domain may have been lost from the gene during evolution in eukaryotic DLST, possibly after mitochondrial symbiosis because prokaryotic DLST possesses the E3- and/or E1-binding domain.
Adolescent cancer survivors’ posttraumatic stress symptoms: Concordance between self-report and maternal-proxy report

Subsyndromal posttraumatic stress among pediatric cancer survivors has been associated with negative physical and mental health outcomes. However, adolescent self-report and mother-proxy report of adolescents’ posttraumatic stress symptoms evidenced varying concordance depending on methodology. There was moderate concordance, particularly among younger respondents, when total posttraumatic stress symptoms were viewed continuously and low-moderate concordance when viewed categorically; moderate-strong concordance for only one posttraumatic stress disorder symptom cluster; low-moderate agreement for high-frequency items; and no concordance for identifying caseness. Although a significant subset of pediatric cancer survivors experience posttraumatic stress, mothers and adolescents demonstrate limited symptom, categorical, and caseness agreement, potentially impacting adolescents’ healthcare service utilization.
A New Variational Result for Quasi-Newton Formulae

The recent measure function of Byrd and Nocedal [SIAM J. Numer. Anal. , 26 (1989), pp. 727–739] is considered and simple proofs of some of its properties are given. It is then shown that the BFGS and DFP formulae satisfy a least change property with respect to this new measure.
An overview of new GLP-1 receptor agonists for type 2 diabetes

ABSTRACT Introduction: The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the eventual need for multiple medications in most patients stimulated the development of new drug classes to reduce plasma glucose levels. The GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are established as an option for treatment of T2DM after metformin. They are also effective in reducing body weight but current GLP-1RAs have to be given by subcutaneous injection daily or once weekly. Areas covered: This review focuses on the new GLP-1RAs currently undergoing development, some of which require less frequent subcutaneous administration and others that are being developed in oral formulations that may favor patient adherence. Expert opinion: The new GLP-1RAs may have the benefit of requiring less frequent subcutaneous dosing or being active by oral administration. However, cardiovascular outcome trials have shown that DPP4 inhibitors are neutral for cardiovascular events and the first cardiovascular outcome trial with lixisenatide reported similar results, whereas the trial with the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin showed a reduction in cardiovascular events. These findings in patients with high cardiovascular risk may favor the use of SGLT2 inhibitors as a second line treatment after metformin but there should still be an important role for novel GLP-1RAs, especially when weight reduction is required.
Staphylococcal enterotoxin B‐induced T‐cell anergy is mediated by regulatory T cells

Naive T cells mount a vigorous proliferative response to superantigen (SAg) stimulation in vivo. The proliferative response is followed by a partial deletion of responder T cells. Part of the deletion process has recently been attributed to the action of regulatory cytotoxic T cells that recognize major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I‐associated antigen receptor determinants on the target cell surface. Responder T cells that survived the SAg response were found to be incapable of generating a secondary proliferative response to a SAg challenge. We show here that this ‘anergy’ is enforced by CD8‐positive regulatory suppressive T cells. These regulatory cells inhibit cell division of preactivated T cells but not the SAg response of naive T cells. Regulatory T cells are not generated in the presence of cyclosporin A and, once activated, become inactivated or deleted when restimulated in the presence of this immunosuppressive drug.
Better parks through law and policy: a legal analysis of authorities governing public parks and open spaces.

BACKGROUND Improving parks in low income and minority neighborhoods may be a key way to increase physical activity and decrease overweight and obesity prevalence among children at the greatest risk. To advocate effectively for improved recreation infrastructure, public health advocates must understand the legal and policy landscape in which public recreation decisions are made. METHODS In this descriptive legal analysis, we reviewed federal, state, and local laws to determine the authority of each level of government over parks. We then examined current practices and state laws regarding park administration in urban California and rural Texas. RESULTS We identified several themes through the analysis: (1) multiple levels of governments are often involved in parks offerings in a municipality, (2) state laws governing parks vary, (3) local authority may vary substantially within a state, and (4) state law may offer greater authority than local jurisdictions use. CONCLUSIONS Public health advocates who want to improve parks need to (1) think strategically about which levels of government to engage; (2) identify parks law and funding from all levels of government, including those not typically associated with local parks; and (3) partner with advocates with similar interests, including those from active living and school communities.
Energetics of bcc-fcc lattice deformation in iron.

The lattice deformation of the BCC-FCC martensitic transformation in iron can be described as a continuous change of the c/a parameter of the body-centered tetragonal (BCT) lattice from c/a=1 (BCC) to c/a=√2 (FCC). Along this deformation path, the total energy (as a function of volume), the enthalpy (as a function of pressure), the pressure-volume relations--both for nonmagnetic (NM) and ferromagnetic (FM) states--were calculated using the ab initio LMTO method. The ground-state magnetic properties: ferromagnetic contributions to the total energy and magnetic moments, were found by making use of the Stoner theory of itinerant ferromagnetism, rather than spin-polarized calculations. This circumvents the difficulties of using the traditional local spin-density approximation which failes to describe correctly the energetics of iron phases. The Stoner exchange parameter, I, was calculated from the linear response theory for each c/a as a function of volume. Then a constant enhancement factor, β, was introduced and the new Stoner parameter, βl, as used in all the calculations. The factor β was found by fitting the equilibrium atomic volume of the FM BCC phase to its experimental value. No other adjustments of any quantities were performed. The calculations revealed a somewhat unusual behavior of enthalpy along the deformation path. Instead of a double-well curve with a barrier maximum somewhere at 1
The placenta in Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome: genotype-phenotype associations, excessive extravillous trophoblast and placental mesenchymal dysplasia

Aims: Placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) is a rare condition which is associated with the disparate fetal outcomes of Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), fetal growth restriction or intrauterine and neonatal death. We aimed to investigate the potential epigenetic/genetic anomalies associated with PMD and their relationship with the different causes of BWS. Methods: Eight archival cases in which PMD, BWS or both were diagnosed were investigated by correlating morphology with p57KIP2 expression, XY fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) analysis and DNA genotyping. Results: Placentae from BWS cases caused by aberrant IC2 methylation, leading to abnormal p57KIP2 expression, did not show PMD but had a striking excess of extravillous trophoblast. PMD in the absence of BWS was caused by androgenetic/biparental mosaicism. The single case of BWS with PMD was due to mosaic uniparental disomy of 11p15.5. In the latter two aetiologies, our results indicate that the uniparental disomy is confined to the villous mesenchyme. Conclusions: These results suggest that the link between PMD and BWS is uniparental disomy of genes confined to the telomeric IC1 region of 11p15.5. A strong candidate gene is IGF2, a known growth factor of placental mesenchyme.
Trafficking of the Salmonella Vacuole in Macrophages

Salmonella enterica is a facultative intracellular pathogen which can replicate in macrophages. Intracellular Salmonella exist in a membrane‐bound compartment called the Salmonella‐containing vacuole. Most studies on Salmonella trafficking in relation to the endocytic pathway have concluded that the majority of Salmonella‐containing vacuoles do not interact extensively with late endosomes and lysosomes. Numerous bacterial genes have been identified which are required for survival and replication in macrophages. These include the spv operon, located on the large virulence plasmid, the phoP‐phoQ regulon, and those connected with the Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 type III secretion system. The functions of some of these genes are beginning to be understood. In this review, I discuss their roles in relation to our broader understanding of Salmonella trafficking in macrophages.