Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cystographie chez l’enfant et complications : suivi prospectif de 641 patients

Objectifs : Evaluer la frequence des pyelonephrites nosocomiales au decours de la cystographie chez les enfants et identifier leurs facteurs de risque. Determiner la frequence et les facteurs de risque des autres effets secondaires de la cystographie, evaluer les doses delivrees, et evaluer la satisfaction globale des enfants et de leurs parents. Methodes : Inclusion prospective de tous les enfants ayant beneficie d’une cystographie au sein du service de radiopediatrie du CHU de Rouen entre septembre 2012 et octobre 2013. Donnees recueillies le jour de l’examen grâce a une fiche standardisee, incluant l’âge, le sexe, l’indication de la cystographie, les donnees de l’echographie, le type de premedication, l’evaluation de la douleur en cours d’examen, le resultat de la cystographie et la dose delivree. Rappel telephonique des familles a 10 jours afin de colliger les evenements survenus apres l’examen et afin de recueillir leur degre de satisfaction. Resultats : 641 patients ont ete inclus avec survenue de 9 pyelonephrites nosocomiales (1,4%). Les facteurs de risque retrouves etaient : existence d’un reflux de haut grade (RR=11,10 ; p<0,01), presence d’une dilatation des voies urinaires a l’echographie (RR=5,25 ; p<0,05), absence d’antibioprophylaxie peri-cystographique chez les patients porteurs d’un reflux de haut grade (RR=7,73 ; p<0,01). Une antalgie efficace au cours de la cystographie permettait de reduire le taux de dysurie au decours (RR = 1,55 ; p<0,01). L’utilisation des capteurs plans en salle de cystographie permettait de reduire considerablement la dose de rayons ionisants delivree aux patients (reduction d’un facteur 6) comparativement aux capteurs classiques ERLM. Conclusion : Le taux de pyelonephrite nosocomiale post-cystographique est faible (1,4%). Il pourrait etre reduit par une antibioprophylaxie debutee avant le geste pour tous les enfants porteurs d’une dilatation a l’echographie, interrompue apres le geste en cas d’absence de reflux, et par une antibioprophylaxie debutee immediatement au decours du geste en cas de decouverte d’un reflux de haut grade a la cystographie.
Immunotherapy for Uveal Melanoma.

Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular tumor in adults. Before the mid-20th century, enucleation was the mainstay of treatment for uveal melanoma. Although this has since been replaced in most circumstances with globe-conserving therapies such as radiotherapy, with excellent associated rates of local control, rates of subsequent metastasis and metastatic death remain high. Approximately 50% of patients go on to develop metastatic disease, with the most common site of metastasis being the liver. Metastatic disease has been refractory to traditional chemotherapy, and alternative treatments such as surgical metastatectomy or chemoembolization have failed to significantly improve patient survival. The relatively new field of immunotherapy has provided rapidly emerging treatments for cancers such as melanoma based on targeting immune system checkpoints. Most attention is currently focused on blocking molecular targets such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), an inhibitory molecule on T lymphocytes, and other inhibitory molecules including programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Blocking these specific immune modulators leads to immune system activation and ultimately to immune-mediated tumor regression.
Dependence-driven techniques in system design

PAGE Burstiness in workloads is often found in multi-tier architectures, storage systems, and communication networks. This feature is extremely important in system design because it can significantly degrade system performance and availability. This dissertation focuses on how to use knowledge of burstiness to develop new techniques and tools for performance prediction, scheduling, and resource allocation under bursty workload conditions. For multi-tier enterprise systems, burstiness in the service times is catastrophic for performance. Via detailed experimentation, we identify the cause of performance degradation on the persistent bottleneck switch among various servers. This results in an unstable behavior that cannot be captured by existing capacity planning models. In this dissertation, beyond identifying the cause and effects of bottleneck switch in multi-tier systems, we also propose modifications to the classic TPeW benchmark to emulate bursty arrivals in multi-tier systems. This dissertation also demonstrates how burstiness can be used to improve system performance. Two dependence-driven scheduling policies, SWAP and ALoe, are developed. These general scheduling policies counteract burstiness in workloads and maintain high availability by delaying selected requests that contribute to burstiness. Extensive experiments show that both SWAP and ALoe achieve good estimates of service times based on the knowledge of burstiness in the service process. As a result, SWAP successfully approximates the shortest job first (SJF) scheduling without requiring a priori information of job service times. ALoe adaptively controls system load by infinitely delaying only a small fraction of the incoming requests. The knowledge of burstiness can also be used to forecast the length of idle intervals in storage systems. In practice, background activities are scheduled during system idle times. The scheduling of background jobs is crucial in terms of the performance degradation of foreground jobs and the utilization of idle times. In this dissertation, new background scheduling schemes are designed to determine when and for how long idle times can be used for serving background jobs, without violating predefined performance targets of foreground jobs. Extensive trace-driven simulation results illustrate that the proposed schemes are effective and robust in a wide range of system conditions. Furthermore, if there is burstiness within idle times, then maintenance features like disk scrubbing and intra-disk data redundancy can be successfully scheduled as background activities during idle times.
Clinical Signs of Neonatal Calves in Experimental Colisepticemia

 Abstract— Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) is the most isolated bacteria from blood circulation of septicemic calves. Given the prevalence of septicemia in animals and its economic importance in veterinary practice, better understanding of changes in clinical signs following disease, may contribute to early detection of disorder. The present study has been carried out to detect changes of clinical signs in induced sepsis in calves with E. coli . Colisepticemia has been induced in 10 twenty-day old healthy Holstein-Frisian calves with intravenous injection of 1.5 X 10 9 colony forming units (cfu) of O111:H8 strain of E. coli . Clinical signs including rectal temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, shock, appetite, sucking reflex, feces consistency, general behavior, dehydration and standing ability were recorded in experimental calves during 24 hours after induction of colisepticemia. Blood culture was also carried out from calves four times during experiment. ANOVA with repeated measure is used to see changes of calves’ clinical signs to experimental colisepticemia, and values of P≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Mean values of rectal temperature and heart rate as well as median values of respiratory rate, appetite, suckling reflex, standing ability and feces consistency of experimental calves increased significantly during study (P<0.05). In the present study median value of shock score was not significantly increased in experimental calves (P> 0.05). The results of present study showed that total score of clinical signs in calves with experimental colisepticemia increased significantly, although score of some clinical signs such as shock did not change significantly.
Gender and Age Classification of Human Faces for Automatic Detection of Anomalous Human Behaviour

In this paper, we introduce an approach to classify gender and age from images of human faces which is an essential part of our method for autonomous detection of anomalous human behaviour. Human behaviour is often uncertain, and sometimes it is affected by emotion or environment. Automatic detection can help to recognise human behaviour which later can assist in investigating suspicious events. Central to our proposed approach is the recently introduced transfer learning. It was used on the basis of deep learning and successfully applied to image classification area. This paper is a continuous study from previous research on heterogeneous data in which we use images as supporting evidence. We present a method for image classification based on a pre-trained deep model for feature extraction and representation followed by a Support Vector Machine classifier. Because very few data sets with labels of gender and age exist of face images, we build one dataset named GAFace and applied our proposed method to this dataset achieving excellent results and robustness (gender classification: 90.33% and age classification: 80.17% accuracy) approaching human performance.
Extraction de caractéristiques et apprentissage statistique pour l'imagerie biomédicale cellulaire et tissulaire

L'objectif de cette these est de s'interesser a la classification de cellules et de tissus au sein d'images d'origine biomedicales en s'appuyant sur des criteres morphologiques. Le but est de permettre aux medecins et aux biologistes de mieux comprendre les lois qui regissent certains phenomenes biologiques. Ce travail se decompose en trois principales parties correspondant aux trois problemes typiques des divers domaines de l'imagerie biomedicale abordes. L'objet de la premiere est l'analyse de videos d'endomicroscopie du colon dans lesquelles il s'agit de determiner automatiquement la classe pathologique des polypes qu'on y observe. Cette tâche est realisee par un apprentissage supervise multiclasse couplant les separateurs a vaste marge a des outils de theorie des graphes. La deuxieme partie s'interesse a l'etude de la morphologie de neurones de souris observes par microscopie confocale en fluorescence. Afin de disposer d'une information riche, les neurones sont observes a deux grossissements, l'un permettant de bien caracteriser les corps cellulaires, l'autre, plus faible, pour voir les dendrites apicales dans leur integralite. Sur ces images, des descripteurs morphologiques des neurones sont extraits automatiquement en vue d'une classification. La derniere partie concerne le traitement multi-echelle d'images d'histologie digitale dans le contexte du cancer du rein. Le reseau vasculaire est extrait et mis sous forme de graphe afin de pouvoir etablir un lien entre l'architecture vasculaire de la tumeur et sa classe pathologique.
A MOE framework for Biclustering of Microarray Data

Biclustering or simultaneous clustering of both genes and conditions have generated considerable interest over the past few decades, particularly related to the analysis of high-dimensional gene expression data in information retrieval, knowledge discovery, and data mining. The objective is to find sub-matrices, i.e., maximal subgroups of genes and subgroups of conditions where the genes exhibit highly correlated activities over a range of conditions. Since these two objectives are mutually conflicting, they become suitable candidates for multi-objective modeling. In this study, a novel multi-objective evolutionary biclustering framework is introduced by incorporating local search strategies. The experimental results on benchmark datasets demonstrate better performance as compared to existing algorithms available in literature
Effects of dietary supplementation with enzymatically treated Artemisia annua on growth performance, intestinal morphology, digestive enzyme activities, immunity, and antioxidant capacity of heat‐stressed broilers

Abstract The gastrointestinal tract is considered as one of the main target organs affected by heat stress. Phytogenic feed additives containing phenolics and flavonoids can improve the resistance of broilers to heat stress. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with enzymatically treated Artemisia annua (EA) on growth performance, intestinal morphology, digestive enzyme activities, immunity and antioxidant capacity of broilers challenged with heat stress. One hundred and forty‐four 21‐day‐old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly distributed into 3 treatments: 1) non‐challenged control (CON); 2) heat‐stress‐challenged control (HS); and 3) heat‐stress‐challenged group + 1 g EA/kg diet (HS‐EA). From 22 to 41 d, broilers in the CON group were housed at 22 ± 1°C, the HS and HS‐EA groups, in which broilers were raised at 34 ± 1°C for 8 h (0900‐1700 h) and the temperature for the rest time was the same as that of the CON group. The EA supplementation alleviated the compromised body weight gain and intestinal morphology impairment caused by heat stress challenge (P < 0.05). The EA attenuated heat‐stress‐induced decreased intestinal lipase, trypsin and total superoxide dismutase activities, and reduced intestinal secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) and IgG concentrations (P < 0.05). The EA inclusion prevented the elevation of intestinal malondialdehyde content and reduction of intestinal glutathione concentration induced by heat stress challenge (P < 0.05). The intestinal mRNA abundances of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2, heme oxygenase 1, glutathione peroxidase, gamma‐glutamyl cysteine ligase larger catalytic subunit and gamma‐glutamyl cysteine ligase smaller modulator subunit in heat‐stressed broilers were increased in response to dietary EA treatment (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 1 g/kg EA could alleviate heat‐stress‐induced compromised growth performance and intestinal damage of broilers.
Brahma regulates a specific trans-splicing event at the mod(mdg4) locus of Drosophila melanogaster

The mod(mdg4) locus of Drosophila melanogaster contains several transcription units encoded on both DNA strands. The mod(mdg4) pre-mRNAs are alternatively spliced, and a very significant fraction of the mature mod(mdg4) mRNAs are formed by trans-splicing. We have studied the transcripts derived from one of the anti-sense regions within the mod(mdg4) locus in order to shed light on the expression of this complex locus. We have characterized the expression of anti-sense mod(mdg4) transcripts in S2 cells, mapped their transcription start sites and cleavage sites, identified and quantified alternatively spliced transcripts, and obtained insight into the regulation of the mod(mdg4) trans-splicing. In a previous study, we had shown that the alternative splicing of some mod(mdg4) transcripts was regulated by Brahma (BRM), the ATPase subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex. Here we show, using RNA interference and overexpression of recombinant BRM proteins, that the levels of BRM affect specifically the abundance of a trans-spliced mod(mdg4) mRNA isoform in both S2 cells and larvae. This specific effect on trans-splicing is accompanied by a local increase in the density of RNA polymerase II and by a change in the phosphorylation state of the C-terminal domain of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II. Interestingly, the regulation of the mod(mdg4) splicing by BRM is independent of the ATPase activity of BRM, which suggests that the mechanism by which BRM modulates trans-splicing is independent of its chromatin-remodeling activity.
Molecular characterization of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) populations infesting cassava

Abstract Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) populations, collected from cassava and other plants in major cassava-cultivation areas of Sub-saharan Africa and from elsewhere around the world, were studied to determine their biotype status and genetic variation. Random amplified polymorphic DNA–polymerase chain reaction (RAPD–PCR) markers were used to examine the genetic structure of the populations. The dendogram obtained using the neighbour joining method (NJ) split the cassava-associated populations from the non-cassava types with a 100% bootstrap probability. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) of the RAPD fragments revealed that 63.2% of the total variation was attributable to differences among populations, while the differences among groups (host) and within populations accounted for 27.1 and 9.8% respectively. Analysis of the internally transcribed spacer region I (ITS 1) of the ribosomal DNA confirmed that the cassava populations of B. tabaci populations were distinct from non-cassava populations. Experiments to establish whitefly populations on various host plants revealed that cassava-associated populations were restricted to cassava only, whereas B. tabaci from other hosts were polyphagous but did not colonize cassava. Hence, populations of B. tabaci from cassava in Africa represent a distinct group.
Intrinsic connectivity of the rat subiculum: II. Properties of synchronous spontaneous activity and a demonstration of multiple generator regions

Brain structures that can generate epileptiform activity possess excitatory interconnections among principal cells and a subset of these neurons that can be spontaneously active (“pacemaker” cells). We describe electrophysiological evidence for excitatory interactions among rat subicular neurons. Subiculum was isolated from presubiculum, CA1, and entorhinal cortex in ventral horizontal slices. Nominally zero magnesium perfusate, picrotoxin (100 μM), or NMDA (20 μM) was used to induce spontaneous firing in subicular neurons. Synchronous population activity and the spread of population events from one end of subiculum to the other in isolated subicular subslices indicate that subicular pyramidal neurons are coupled together by excitatory synapses. Both electrophysiological classes of subicular pyramidal cells (bursting and regular spiking) exhibited synchronous activity, indicating that both cell classes are targets of local excitatory inputs. Burst firing neurons were active in the absence of synchronous activity in field recordings, indicating that these cells may serve as pacemaker neurons for the generation of epileptiform activity in subiculum. Epileptiform events could originate at either proximal or distal segments of the subiculum from ventral horizontal slices. In some slices, events originated in both proximal and distal locations and propagated to the other location. Finally, propagation was supported over axonal paths through the cell layer and in the apical dendritic zone. We conclude that subicular burst firing and regular spiking neurons are coupled by means of glutamatergic synapses. These connections may serve to distribute activity driven by topographically organized inputs and to synchronize subicular cell activity. J. Comp. Neurol. 435:506–518, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alteration of Hybridoma Viability and Antibody Secretion in Transfectomas with Inducible Overexpression of Protein Disulfide Isomerase

Monoclonal antibody (mAb)‐secreting transfectomas with dexamethasone inducible expression of the mammalian endoplasmic reticulum foldase and chaperone protein disulfide isomerase (PDI, ERp59) were generated from the murine 9.2. 27 hybridoma in order to obtain in vivo evidence of whether alteration of the level of PDI, believed to be involved in immunoglobulin (Ig) assembly, results in alteration of mAb secretion kinetics. Using an RNase refolding assay, the specific activity of endogenous PDI in the 9.2. 27 hybridoma was found to be constant during batch growth. An expression vector for glucocorticoid‐inducible overexpression of PDI, pMMTVPDI, was constructed from pMAMneo using a rat PDI cDNA. Cell lysates of stable transfectomas contained 2–4‐fold higher levels of PDI mRNA and increased levels of PDI protein, detected by immunoblotting, following induction with 0.1 μM dexamethasone. Monoclonal antibody secretion kinetics were evaluated in 12.5 mL shake flasks, a 100 mL spinner, and a 1 L aerated batch reactor. A transfectoma was found with altered mAb secretion kinetics during cell growth following dexamethasone induction of PDI overexpression. Specific mAb secretion rate was not significantly increased following dexamethasone induction; however, hybridoma viability was sustained longer during the stationary phase of cell growth and hence total antibody yield was increased in comparison to the parent 9.2. 27 hybridoma.
Multicontrast MRI registration of carotid arteries in atherosclerotic and normal subjects

Clinical studies on atherosclerosis agree that multi-contrast MRI is the most promising technique for in-vivo characterization of carotid plaques. Multi-contrast image registration is essential for this application, because it corrects misalignments caused by patient motion during MRI acquisition. To date, it has not been determined which automatic method provides the best registration accuracy in carotid MRI. This study tries to answer this question by presenting an iterative coarse-to-fine algorithm that co-registers multi-contrast images of carotid arteries using three similarity metrics: Correlation Ratio (CR), Mutual Information (MI) and Gradient MI (GMI). The registration algorithm is first applied on the entire images and then only on the Region of Interest (ROI) of the carotid arteries using sub-pixel accuracy. The ROI is defined by an automatic carotid detection algorithm, which was tested on a group of 20 patients with different types of atherosclerotic plaques (sensitivity 91% and specificity 88%). Automatic registration was compared with image alignment obtained by manual operators (clinically qualified vascular specialists). Registration accuracies were measured using a novel MRI validation procedure, in which the gold standard is represented by in-plane rigid transformations applied by the MRI system to mimic neck movements. Overall, automatic methods (GMI = 181 ± 104 μm) produced lower registration errors than manual operators (365 ± 102 μm). GMI performed slightly better than CR and MI, suggesting that anatomical information improves registration accuracy in the carotid ROI.
An Archaeological Reconnaissance of Northeastern Baja California and Southeastern California

This paper deals with the. archaeology of the northeastern region of Lower California and the southeastern portion of California. Evidence derived from these aboriginal remains indicates two possible cultural horizons, late prehistoric Yuman pottery making groups and an earlier non-ceramic group. Most of the data have been derived from Baja California, because the area north of the International Boundary line has been so severely pot-hunted that sites fail to yield data in sufficient quantities for analysis. The area covered in this report comprises some nine hundred square miles, bounded by the Coast or Peninsular Ranges, the Superstition Mountains, and the Sierra de los Cocopas, and including the southwestern part of Imperial Valley and the northern half of Laguna Salada in Baja California.
A Nucleotide Dimer Synthesis Without Protecting Groups Using Montmorillonite as Catalyst

A synthesis has been developed providing nucleotide dimers comprising natural or unnatural nucleoside residues. A ribonucleoside 5′-phosphorimidazolide is added to a nucleoside adsorbed on montmorillonite at neutral pH with the absence of protecting groups. Approximately 30% of the imidazolide is converted into each 2′-5′ dimer and 3′-5′ dimer with the rest hydrolyzed to the 5′-monophosphate. Experiments with many combinations have suggested the limits to which this method may be applied, including heterochiral and chimeric syntheses. This greener chemistry has enabled the synthesis of dimers from activated nucleotides themselves, activated nucleotides with nucleosides, and activated nucleotides with nucleotide 5′-monophosphates. [Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids to view the free supplemental files. ]