Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Human capital and its impact on employment quality: Sector and wage

Abstract. This study analyzes the relationship between human capital, employment sector and wages in Morocco. We first analyzed the role of human capital in the explanation of employment sector; then, we estimated the impact of human capital on the probability of receiving a high salary; while controlling a range of socio-economic factors. As measures of human capital, we have included the level of diploma, the field of study and the language of study. In order to achieve the aim of the research, a coherent methodology has been adopted. We exploited primary survey data. It covers 98 graduates from the Faculty of Law, Economics and Social Sciences of Tangier – Morocco, that were contacted in 2015, after three years of graduation. The main conclusion of The multinomial logistic regression models is that the Master's level graduates (five years of higher education) are more likely to be in a protected sector and to have a high salary than licensee’s level graduates (three years of higher education). Keywords. Human capital, Protected sector, Quality of the job, Salary, Young graduates. JEL. A23, I26, J45, J46, C35.
Identifying parallel jobs for Multi-Physics simulators scheduling

Real problem simulations involving physic phenomena can demand too much execution time. To improve the performance of these simulations it is necessary to have an approach to parallelize the processes that compose the simulation. MPhyScaS (Multi-Physics and Multi-Scale Solver Environment) is an environment dedicated to the automatic development of simulators. Each MPhyScaS simulation demands a great amount of time. To parallelize MPhyScaS simulations, the approach used should define a hierarchical parallel structure. The aim of the work herein presented is to identify parallel jobs and dependent ones. The presented model is based on Coloured Petri Nets (CPN). This information will be input to a scheduling algorithm.
Evaluation of the ATLAS-MPX devices for neutron field spectral composition measurement in the ATLAS experiment

A network of 15 Medipix2-based devices (ATLAS-MPX devices) has been installed at various positions in the ATLAS detector within the framework of the ATLAS-MPX collaboration. The aim of the network is to perform real-time measurement of spectral characteristics and composition of the main radiation types in the experiment including slow and fast neutrons, especially during the initial low luminosity LHC operation. This contribution describes the network structure and focuses on the neutron efficiency calibration process of the ATLAS-MPX devices and its simulation in order to predict the behavior of the device in complex neutron fields.
Empirics on the Long-Run Effects of Building Energy Codes in the Housing Market

We study the effectiveness of building energy codes, taking a long-run perspective. The focus is on regulation’s impact on energy demand in both high- and low-quality residences, in other words, the diffusion and the entry of “green” buildings in the housing market. We develop a measure for regulation intensity and apply this to a panel-error-correction regression model for energy requirements of a large sample of German apartment houses built between 1950 and 2005. We show that regulation is effective in saving energy. In particular, regulation pushes investors in the low-quality housing market segment toward the technological frontier. Indirectly, it also affects the high-quality segment. (JEL Q41, R52)
Pto Mutants Differentially ActivatePrf-Dependent, avrPto-Independent Resistance and Gene-for-Gene Resistance1

Pto confers disease resistance toPseudomonas syringae pv tomato carrying the cognate avrPto gene. Overexpression ofPto under the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter activates spontaneous lesions and confers disease resistance in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants in the absence ofavrPto. Here, we show that these AvrPto-independent defenses require a functional Prf gene. Several Pto-interacting (Pti) proteins are thought to play a role in Pto-mediated defense pathways. To test if interactions with Pti proteins are required for the AvrPto-independent defense responses by Pto overexpression, we isolated several Pto mutants that were unable to interact with one or more Pti proteins, but retained normal interaction with AvrPto. Overexpression of two mutants,PtoG50S and PtoR150S , failed to activate AvrPto-independent defense responses or confer enhanced resistance to the virulent P. s. pv tomato. When introduced into plants carrying 35S::Pto, 35S::PtoG50S dominantly suppressed the AvrPto-independent resistance caused by former transgene. 35S::Pto G50S also blocked the induction of a number of defense genes by the wild-type 35S::Pto. However, 35S::Pto G50S and 35S::Pto R150S plants were completely resistant to P. s. pv tomato (avrPto), indicating a normal gene-for-gene resistance. Furthermore, 35S::Pto G50S plants exhibited normal induction of defense genes in recognition of avrPto. Thus, the AvrPto-independent defense activation and gene-for-gene resistance mediated by Pto are functionally separable.
Interactions between an entomopathogenic microsporidium and the endoparasitoid Glyptapanteles liparidis within their host, the gypsy moth larva.

Interactions in the host-parasitoid-pathogen system, Lymantria dispar L. (Lep., Lymantriidae)-Glyptapanteles liparidis (Bouché) (Hym., Braconidae)-Vairimorpha sp. (Protista, Microspora), were investigated. Host selection experiments revealed that G. liparidis females did not discriminate between infected and uninfected host larvae for oviposition. Transmission of the microsporidium from infected to uninfected hosts by stinging female wasps could not be ascertained. Females that developed in infected L. dispar larvae did not transmit the pathogen via oviposition. Vairimorpha infection of the host negatively affected the performance of the braconid, when inoculation took place either before or after parasitization. Microsporidiosis of the host caused delayed development, reduced pupation and adult eclosion, reduction in size and weight, and reduction of adult longevity of G. liparidis. Parasitoids themselves were not systemically infected by Vairimorpha sp. , but braconid larvae did ingest microsporidian spores at the end of their endoparasitic development and accumulated the undigested and ungerminated spores in the blind midgut. Negative effects of host infection on parasitoid larvae were detectable from the beginning of parasitoid larval development. Lethal time was reduced when L. dispar larvae were infected and parasitized, often at the expense of the parasitoid when G. liparidis were unable to complete endoparasitic development before the host died. Intensity of infection, measured as number of spores produced per milligram fresh weight of L. dispar larva, was slightly higher in parasitized and infected hosts than in unparasitized and infected hosts.
Genome Sequence of Chlamydia psittaci Strain 01DC12 Originating from Swine

ABSTRACT Chlamydia psittaci is the etiological agent of psittacosis and is a zoonotic pathogen infecting birds and a variety of mammalian hosts. Here we report the genome sequence of the porcine strain 01DC12 which is representative of a novel clade of C. psittaci belonging to ompA genotype E.
Government Collaboration in Empowerment? A Collaborative Framework for the Government in Empowering Coastal Communities

The pendulum of the development at the global level moves to the extent of collaborative work between government, society and third parties. Today, in Indonesia a collaboration model is also implemented with the aim of presenting long-standing welfare in coastal areas. The poverty that surrounds coastal communities is an anomaly in the midst of the abundance of wealth stored in the sea of Indonesia. The Regional Government of Tangerang Regency encourages to collaborate with external parties to resolve the troubles. This article tries to use the modified Triple-Helix model as an analytical framework, which is useful for knowing the role of actors involved in creating development innovation. This study uses qualitative methods to see and find out how political, social, and academic actors interact and integrate into overcoming public problems that arise from the perspective of collaborative governance. The findings of the study found, first, collaborative work is useful to improve governance, second, to provide opportunities for actors to find effective solutions, and thirdly, to increase trust between government and citizens. This article argues that the success of collaborative work depends on the synergy between actors and the extent to which each program can demonstrate its sustainability.
Microdeletion and Microduplication Syndromes

The widespread use of whole genome analysis based on array comparative genomic hybridization in diagnostics and research has led to a continuously growing number of microdeletion and microduplication syndromes (MMSs) connected to certain phenotypes. These MMSs also include increasing instances in which the critical region can be reciprocally deleted or duplicated. This review catalogues the currently known MMSs and the corresponding critical regions including phenotypic consequences. Besides the pathogenic pathways leading to such rearrangements, the different detection methods and their limitations are discussed. Finally, the databases available for distinguishing between reported benign or pathogenic copy number alterations are highlighted. Overall, a review of MMSs that previously were also denoted “genomic disorders” or “contiguous gene syndromes” is given.
Lessons from a large outbreak of Escherichia coli O157[ratio ]H7 infections: insights into the infectious dose and method of widespread contamination of hamburger patties

Between November 1992 and February 1993, a large outbreak of Escherichia coli O157[ratio ]H7 infections occurred in the western USA and was associated with eating ground beef patties at restaurants of one fast-food chain. Restaurants that were epidemiologically linked with cases served patties produced on two consecutive dates; cultures of recalled ground beef patties produced on those dates yielded E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 strains indistinguishable from those isolated from patients, confirming the vehicle of illness. Seventy-six ground beef patty samples were cultured quantitatively for E. coli O157[ratio ]H7. The median most probable number of organisms was 1·5 per gram (range, <0·3–15) or 67·5 organisms per patty (range, <13·5–675). Correlation of the presence of E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 with other bacterial indicators yielded a significant association between coliform count and the presence of E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 (P=0·04). A meat traceback to investigate possible sources of contamination revealed cattle were probably initially colonized with E. coli O157[ratio ]H7, and that their slaughter caused surface contamination of meat, which once combined with meat from other sources, resulted in a large number of contaminated ground beef patties. Microbiological testing of meat from lots consumed by persons who became ill was suggestive of an infectious dose for E. coli O157[ratio ]H7 of fewer than 700 organisms. These findings present a strong argument for enforcing zero tolerance for this organism in processed food and for markedly decreasing contamination of raw ground beef. Process controls that incorporate microbiological testing of meat may assist these efforts.
Urinary symptoms in older men, their investigation and management: is there an epidemic of undetected morbidity in the waiting room?

As in other developed countries with an ageing population, there is a growing perception in Australia that urinary symptoms are a major cause of morbidity among older men. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of urinary symptoms amongst male patients in general practice, their presentation, investigation and management. Randomly selected general practitioners' (GPs') surgeries in five mainland state capital cities in Australia were involved. A consecutive sample of male patients aged 50 years and over was asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire about urinary symptoms, allowing a symptom score to be calculated. For each participating patient, GPs completed a checklist about symptoms, investigation and management without knowledge of the patient's answers. Sixty-eight per cent of GPs agreed to participate in the study and 95% of patients participated, resulting in 4268 patient questionnaires and 4255 GP checklists. Men bothered by severe symptom scores were significantly more likely than men with mild symptoms to be presenting with a urinary problem. For no city did the proportion of men with severe symptom scores who were not presenting for a urinary problem exceed 7%. Other measures of morbidity were similarly low in this group. GPs investigated 61% of urological symptoms presenting on the day and initiated treatment for less than a third. Approximately 10% of the total sample had had a transurethral resection of the prostate: 9% of these had severe symptom scores. It was concluded that almost all older men in general practice who are sufficiently troubled by urinary symptoms will see their GP for advice at some time. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Determining Convention Planners’ Perceptions of Convention Hotel Selection Criteria by Analytic Hierarchy Process

Being successful in convention tourism requires conducting continuous research about the convention planners’ preferences for convention hotels. Owners of such events forward their requests to convention planners and leave the full organization of convention to convention planners. For that reason, convention hotels compete fiercely with each other to attract the attention of convention planners. The aim of this study is to determine the importance rank order of convention hotel selection criteria for national and international convention planners operating in Turkey. To accomplish that aim, convention planners from 41 different provinces in Turkey were interviewed face to face via survey questionnaires. Data gathered from convention planners were analyzed with Analytic Hierarchy Process. Findings demonstrated the most and the least important criteria of convention hotel selection.
E-Disclosure of Campaign Finance Information: Agenda Setting and Policy Change

In the United States, disclosure has long been a primary tool for fighting the corruptive influence of money in politics. Recent scandals have helped place disclosure back on the agenda of many the 50 states. Because of the move to electronic governance, many new laws regulating disclosure have taken the form of e-disclosure. Agenda setting theory suggests that interest groups, political context, policy entrepreneurs, focusing events, and state resources influence the ability of issues to reach the institutional agenda (Baumgartner & Jones, 1993; Kingdon 1995). This study uses panel corrected cross-sectional time series analysis to explore which of these factors are motivating increased interest in e-disclosure laws at the state level from 2005-2009. The number of electronic filing laws proposed in state legislatures is the dependent variable (National Council of State Legislatures).
Fulminant and Subfulminant Liver Failure: Definitions and Causes

Fulminant or subfulminant liver failure, complicated by encephalopathy and in many cases by death is seen to be a syndrome that may result from numerous causes. Although viral hepatitis, drug-induced hepatitis, and hepatitis due to various types of poisonings, in decreasing frequency, account for 90% of all cases, a variety of miscellaneous conditions account for the remainder. Consideration of the possibility of these less common etiologies by the clinician is of considerable importance, since some, including massive malignant involvement (such as leukemia) or acute fulminant Wilson's disease, may respond to specific treatment measures. Thus, unless hepatic transplantation proves to be applicable in FHF of many etiologic diagnosis may continue to have important therapeutic indications in at least some cases with this syndrome.
Working Paper Review: Dollar Intervention and the Deutschemark-Dollar Exchange Rate: A Daily Time Series Model

In March 1973, the major industrialized nations abandoned the Bretton Woods fixed exchange-rate system. Observers have characterized the subsequent exchange-rate regime as a dirty float. While the major industrialized countries generally have allowed fundamental market forces to determine their exchange rate, they periodically have bought and sold foreign exchange to influence the market outcome. The volume and frequency of exchange market intervention have varied greatly among the developed countries.
Deubiquitinating Enzyme OTU5 Contributes to DNA Methylation Patterns and Is Critical for Phosphate Nutrition Signals1[OPEN]

The deubiqitinase OTU5 coordinates Pi deficiency signals on DNA methylation, H3K4 and H3K27 trimethylation, and gene expression, resulting in Pi-dependent root phenotypes of otu5 mutants. Phosphate (Pi) starvation induces a suite of adaptive responses aimed at recalibrating cellular Pi homeostasis. Plants harboring a mutation in OVARIAN TUMOR DOMAIN-CONTAINING DEUBIQUITINATING ENZYME5 (OTU5) showed altered DNA methylation of root hair-related genes and altered Pi-responsive root traits. Unlike the wild type, homozygous otu5 mutants did not respond to Pi starvation by increased lateral root formation and increased root hair length but formed very short root hairs when grown on low-Pi media. Under Pi-replete conditions, otu5 plants developed more root hairs than the wild type due to attenuated primary root growth, a phenotype that resembled that of Pi-deficient plants. Growth of plants on low-Pi media altered both H3K4 and H3K27 trimethylation levels at the transcriptional start site of a subset of genes encoding key players in Pi homeostasis, which was correlated with mRNA abundance changes of these genes. Pi starvation had a minor impact on DNA methylation. Differentially methylated regions were enriched in transposable elements, suggesting that DNA methylation associated with low Pi supply is required for maintaining genome integrity. It is concluded that DNA methylation and histone methylation constitute critical, interdependent regulatory components that orchestrate the activity of a subset of Pi-responsive genes.
Crisis Communication: An Inequalities Perspective on the 2010 Boston Water Crisis

ABSTRACT Objective: Although the field of crisis risk communication has generated substantial research, the interaction between social determinants, communication processes, and behavioral compliance has been less well studied. With the goal of better understanding these interactions, this report examines how social determinants influenced communications and behavioral compliance during the 2010 Boston, Massachusetts, water crisis. Methods: An online survey was conducted to assess Boston residents' knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, mass and interpersonal communication, and preventive behaviors on emergency preparedness topics dealing with the water crisis. Of a total sample of 726 respondents, approximately one-third (n = 267) reported having been affected by the water crisis. Only data from affected participants were analyzed. Results: Following an order to boil water, 87.5% of respondents refrained from drinking unboiled tap water. These behaviors and other cognitive and attitudinal factors, however, were not uniform across population subgroups. All communication and behavioral compliance variables varied across sociodemographic factors. Conclusions: Crisis communication, in conjunction with other public health preparedness fields, is central to reducing the negative impact of sudden hazards. Emergency scenarios such as the Boston water crisis serve as unique opportunities to understand how effectively crisis messages are conveyed to and received by different segments of the population. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2012;6:349-356)
An Embedding Scheme for Binary and Grayscale Watermarks by Spectrum Spreading and Its Performance Analysis

Digital watermarking is a technique that aims at hiding a message signal in a multimedia signal for copyright claim, authentication, device control, or broadcast monitoring, etc. In this paper, we focus on embedding watermarks into still images, where the watermarks themselves can be binary sequences or grayscale images. We propose to scramble the watermark bits with pseudo-noise (PN) or orthogonal codes before they are embedded into an image. We also try to incorporate error correction coding (ECC) into the watermarking scheme, anticipating reduction of the watermark bit error rate (WBER). Due to the similarity between the PN/orthogonal-coded watermarking and the spread spectrum communication, it is natural that, following similar derivations regarding data BER in digital communications, we derive certain explicit quantitative relationships regarding the tradeoff between the WBER, the watermark capacity (i.e. the number of watermark bits) and the distortion suffered by the original image, which is measured in terms of the embedded image's signal-to-noise ratio (abbreviated as ISNR). These quantitative relationships are compactly summarized into a so-called tradeoff triangle, which constitutes the major contribution of this paper. For the embedding of grayscale watermarks, an unequal error protection (UEP) scheme is proposed to provide different degrees of robustness for watermark bits of different degrees of significance. In this UEP scheme, optimal strength factors for embedding different watermark bits are sought so that the mean squared error suffered by the extracted watermark, which is by itself a grayscale image, is minimized while a specified ISNR is maintained.
Rising incidence of Enterococcus species in microbiological specimens from orthopedic patients correlates to increased use of cefuroxime

Background and purpose Enterococci are emerging causes of severe infections, including wound and bone infections in orthopedic patients. The main purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a correlation between the incidence of enterococci in tissue samples (biopsies) from orthopedic patients and consumption of cefuroxime in the orthopedic department. Methods and results Data were obtained from the department of clinical microbiology and the hospital pharmacy. The consumption of cefuroxime successively increased from 40 defined daily doses (DDD)/103 bed days in 2002 to 212 DDD/103 bed days in 2009. The incidence of patients with enterococci in tissue samples increased steadily from 1.03/103 bed days in 2002 to 5.90/103 bed days in 2009. Regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between the consumption of cefuroxime and the incidence of enterococci. Interpretation Continuous surveillance of species distribution, resistance rates, and antibiotic consumption is of utmost importance for optimal antibiotic strategy in orthopedic patients.
A new paradigm for treatment of glaucoma

Glaucoma is the leading irreversible cause of blindness in the world. We are developing a new image-guidance system to deliver a neuroprotective drug in a controlled release nanosponge. The system consists of a magnetically tracked image-guidance system, the nanosponge material and the drug. We have characterized the performance of each aspect in phantoms, animals and ex-vivo human tissue.