Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design and Simulate an Off-Grid PV System with a Battery Bank for EV Charging

This paper presents the control and design of a stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) system with a battery bank for an electric vehicle (EV) battery charging. It also describes the necessary requirements and power electronic converters design for the EV battery charging station. The design of a bidirectional converter to allow for bidirectional power flow control to regulate the charging and discharging of the battery bank is presented. The PV system connected to the battery bank system is used to enhance the power output of renewable energy sources, regulate electrical power to effectively charge batteries, draw maximum power from solar panels, and provide a high-quality DC output for electric vehicle charging. The PV is the primary power source of the system, and a battery bank is used as a backup storage system. A comparison between the performance both of lithium-ion batteries and lead-acid batteries based on using it as a backup storage system for the off-grid PV system is presented. The proposed system has been designed and simulated in the MATLAB-Simulink environment. The effective performance of the proposed station for EV battery charging is achieved through the simulation results. A proposed charging station cost estimation is performed to present a powerful index of the proposed charging station's effectiveness.
Biology of the harbor seal, Phoca vitulina, in eastern Canada

BOULVA, J., AND I. A. MCLAREN. 1979. Biology of the harbor seal, Phoca vit/ma, in eastern Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 200: 24 p. Measurements, samples, and observations of seals (1968-73) are augmented by age determination of bounty kills (1962-71). An estimated 12 700 individuals, in semi-isolated groups, occurred in eastern Canada south of Labrador in 1973. Local abundance in Nova Scotia is related to availability of small islets. Seals move offshore in winter and haul out on Sable Island only when windchill-corrected temperatures exceed I5°C. On Sable Island (1971-73) there were small annual variations in birth size and birth date (mean May 21-27) and larger variations in sex ratio and percent with lanugo. Mothers began to wean at about 20 d and left their pups at about 30 d, after a (probably natural) loss of about 12% of pups. Mating activity, probably polygynous, was seen from early April through July, when molting occurred. Seals on Sable Island haul out mostly near dawn to spend much time on land, but elsewhere tides are important. Embryonic, pre-weaning, and post-weaning sizes (asymptotic weight 90 and 70 kg for males and females) are similar to those of other harbor seals, but smaller than those of seals of the northern and eastern North Pacific. Maturity of males and females is at about 6 and 3-4 yr, respectively, but only half of the females aged 4 and 95% of those 7+ yr were fertile. Adult males were potent between April and July, but most females ovulated around mid-June and embryos were implanted around mid-September. Earlier and recent population estimates, rates of decrease of bounty kill, and age structure of heavily vs. lightly exploited populations all suggest an overall decline of about 4% yr I between 1950 and 1973 in the Maritimes. Best estimates of pre-weaning and post-weaning mortality rates, sex ratios (increasing with age), and fertility rates from generally lightly hunted populations produce near equilibrium in population simulation. If females were fertile 1 yr younger this would only allow a very small sustainable yield. The very high natural mortality rates (est. 17.5%. yr post-weaning), possibly a result of shark predation and overexposed breeding sites in the reduced range, may make eastern Canadian harbor seals particularly vulnerable to hunting. The seals feed mostly on fish, have no apparent fasting season, and evidently eat one meal daily. Small ingestion rates (about 5% body wt d ') mean that the seals have negligible impact on fish stocks. The annual production/biomass ratio of the population is about 0.18, and ecological efficiency (production/consumption in energy equivalents) at almost 6% does not indicate a metabolically demanding life style and environment.
Plasma corticosterone concentrations and follicular glucocorticoid receptor mRNA expression in broiler breeder hens as influenced by dietary tryptophan supplementation or feeding program

57 Introduction.58 Materials and Methods.61 Results.65 Discussion.66 References.70 Tables and Figures.75 6 THE INFLUENCE OF FEEDING REGIMEN DURING REARING ON PLASMA CORTICOSTERONE CONCENTRATION IN BROILER BREEDER PULLETS Abstract.84 Introduction.85 Materials and Methods.88 Results.95 Discussion.97 References.104 Tables and Figures.109 7 GENERAL OVERVIEW . 122
Faulting Processes Unveiled by Magnetic Properties of Fault Rocks

As iron‐bearing minerals—ferrimagnetic minerals in particular—are sensitive to stress, temperature, and presence of fluids in fault zones, their magnetic properties provide valuable insights into physical and chemical processes affecting fault rocks. Here, we review the advances made in magnetic studies of fault rocks in the past three decades. We provide a synthesis of the mechanisms that account for the magnetic changes in fault rocks and insights gained from magnetic research. We also integrate nonmagnetic approaches in the evaluation of the magnetic properties of fault rocks. Magnetic analysis unveils microscopic processes operating in the fault zones such as frictional heating, energy dissipation, and fluid percolation that are otherwise difficult to constrain. This makes magnetic properties suited as a “strain indicator,” a “geothermometer,” and a “fluid tracer” in fault zones. However, a full understanding of faulting‐induced magnetic changes has not been accomplished yet. Future research should focus on detailed magnetic property analysis of fault zones including magnetic microscanning and magnetic fabric analysis. To calibrate the observations on natural fault zones, laboratory experiments should be carried out that enable to extract the exact physicochemical conditions that led to a certain magnetic signature. Potential avenues could include (1) magnetic investigations on natural and synthetic fault rocks after friction experiments, (2) laboratory simulation of fault fluid percolation, (3) paleomagnetic analysis of postkinematic remanence components associated with faulting processes, and (4) synergy of interdisciplinary approaches in mineral‐magnetic studies. This would help to place our understanding of the microphysics of faulting on a much stronger footing.
A Critical Review on Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria

The microorganisms with the aim of improving nutrients availability for plants is an important practice and necessary for agriculture. During the past couple of decades, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) will begin to replace the use of chemicals in agriculture, horticulture, silviculture, and environmental cleanup strategies. Scientific researches involve multidisciplinary approaches to understand adaptation of PGPR, effects on plant physiology and growth, induced systemic resistance, biocontrol of plant pathogens and biofertilization. This is due to the emerging demand for dependence diminishing of synthetic chemical products, to the growing necessity of sustainable agriculture within a holistic vision of development and to focalize environmental protection. The PGPR are naturally occurring soil bacteria that aggressively colonize plant roots and benefit plants by providing growth promotion. Inoculation of crop plants with certain strains of PGPR at an early stage of development improves biomass production through direct effects on roots and shoots growth. In this review, we have discussed about rhizobacteria which act as PGPR, mechanisms and the desirable properties exhibited by them.
Evaluation du logiciel AzoFert® pour optimiser la fertilisation azotée des grandes cultures suisses

culture. Mais le recours à des valeurs moyennes met en défaut ces outils dès que les sources de variations de la dose d’azote économiquement optimale (Nopt) sont nombreuses et/ou les conditions climatiques exceptionnelles (Maltas et al. 2015). Les conditions hydriques et thermiques du sol, qui affectent les mécanismes biologiques, en particulier les transformations microbiennes de N, sont des facteurs majeurs de variation du Nopt mais sont difficiles à intégrer dans des tables et des valeurs moyennes. Les nouveaux outils qui utilisent la modélisation, tel qu’AzoFert®, offrent des perspectives prometteuses. Ils permettent d’intégrer les données climatiques et de considérer davantage de caractéristiques culturales et pédologiques. I n t r o d u c t i o n
Polytene chromosomes of Simulium ( Psaroniocompsa ) daltanhani (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Central Amazonia, Brazil

Last-instar larvae of Simulium (Psaroniocompsa) daltanhani Hamada and Adler from a stream in Central Amazonia were analyzed cytologically by mapping their polytene chromosomes. Simulium daltanhani has the nucleolar organizer in the short arm of chromosome I, heterogametic females, and an absence of autosomal polymorphisms. The chromosomes carry multiple rearrangements relative to other analyzed members of the S. quadrifidum species group in the subgenus Psaroniocompsa. One-third of the chromosomal complement is rearranged relative to the sequence of S. ulyssesi, the species with the most similar banding pattern among studied members of the S. quadrifidum group.
Protecting Australia from disease vectors: exotic mosquito management at the border

Mosquitoes, through the diseases they transmit, are considered the deadliest animals in the world. While Australia is relatively free of many of the mosquito species capable of transmitting diseases such as dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and Zika virus, Australia is not immune to theriskof thesearbovirusesbecomingendemic throughthe introduction of exotic mosquito vectors. In 150 separate instances there were 525 individual exotic mosquitoes Under theMicroscope
Outbreak of COVID-19: An update on the status of the evolving mechanism with possible diagnostic, therapeutics, and future directions

The new Coronavirus, officially designated as SARS-CoV-2 has caused a pandemic with a global spread to more than 216 countries, areas, or territories 17,106,007 confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 668,910 deaths, reported to WHO as of 4:39 pm CEST, 31 July 2020. This virus has been found to have striking similarity with the SARS CoV, which caused an epidemic earlier. Symptoms include fever, cough, fatigue, myalgia, dyspnoea, and rarely vomiting and diarrhoea. Diagnostic with the help of serological and molecular methods are currently possible, along with CT scans and Chest X Rays for the early detection. Bioinformatics tools are now helping us in mapping the infection dynamics with increased accuracy and are helping us establish a chain of progression of the virus. With research rapidly expanding, new facts have come into the focus and WHO has started a SOLIDARITY program, which helps in randomised drug trials with better validity aided by measures taken by WHO and use of technology.Nevertheless, novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is one of the deadliest viruses' humanity has encountered, causing not just biological, but also impacting the world economy. This review has all the information about COVID-19 such as its virology, epidemiology, clinical aspects, diagnosis, possible treatment, and prevention. This study also emphasised on the future direction that could be computational drug screening & vaccine designing using Immunoinformatics approach to save time and cost to come out with potential treatments. Drug screening from cell lines and plasma therapy may prove highly effective to treat COVID-19 patients.
Features of the 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-dGTP behavior in active site of human DNA polymerase β: structural investigation in silico

The oxidized bases in the composition of DNA as well as DNA precursors (desoxy-nucleotide triphosphates, dNTPs) appearing in living cell as a result of oxidative stress are the one of major sources of genomic instability. Among oxidized forms of nitrogenous bases, the 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanine (8odG, 8-oxo-dG) is the most ubiquitous. This compound has a high mutagenic potential due to its ability to preferably interact with adenine instead of cytosine. In particular, the 8odG in the composition of the incoming nucleotide triphosphate (8-oxo-GTP) is able to immediately incorporate into the growing DNA chain and, thus, to cause the invert replacement dA → dC because it is possible to pair with the incoming dCTP as well as dATP in the next round of DNA replication. The of One is eukaryotic The behavior of 8-oxo -dGTP molecule in migrate trajectories is significantly more complicated. The 8-oxo-dGTP loses the Н -bonds with template dA6 (at 11 and 6.5 ns of MD in first and second case respectively) and starts to migrate in DNA polymerase space. The 8-oxo-dGTP spatial structure regularly exhibits much more flexibility in comparison to itself behavior in stable trajectories that reflects in corresponded values of individual atomic fluctuations. However, contrary to the expectations the general levels of conforma tional energy of 8-oxo-dGTP as well as energy fluctuation patterns in both migratory tra jectories are completely time stable. The average values of conformational energy are -9938.6 and -10018.6 kJ/mol for trajectories 1 and 2 respectively that is slightly more than corresponded values for stable trajectories. The 8-oxo-dGTP movement pathways of don’t coincide each other that is confirmed by differences of their conformational spaces and amino acid microenvironment. It seems to be the most important that 8-oxo-dGTP not only doesn’t leave the enzyme space but directly prevent transition of DNA polymerase from closed to open conformation as well as the further binding of incoming dNTP. This observation lets a possibility to consider it as natural inhibitor of DNA pol β activity and possible intracellular regulator which mediates the direct transition of the cell from normal state to programmed cell death omitting the malignancy stage.
The Identification and Characterization of Bacterial Endosymbionts in the Planthopper Family, Issidae (sternorrhyncha:Fulgoroidea)

Many insects live on nutrient-poor diets; to compensate, they have evolved obligate associations with microorganisms that are transmitted directly between generations. The bacterial associates of some Hemiptera insects have been identified and understood, but several remain unknown. Our objective is to identify the diversity of bacterial endosymbionts in Issidae using modern microscopy and molecular methods, and compare their identities to known symbionts from related insects. To do so, we will extract DNA from insect samples, amplify bacterial symbiont 16S genes, sub-clone PCR products, sequence the products, and determine their phylogenetic relationships to other insect symbionts and free-living bacteria. Our study will contribute to a broader understanding of the diversity and evolution of symbiotic associations in insects. Two symbionts, Sulcia and Vidania, will be detected in the samples of Issidae using our experimental techniques.
A session key authentication system for smart homes

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a rapidly growing emerging topic of social, economic and technical significance. The spread of today’s wireless information and communication technologies has changed people’s lifestyle and social interactions - the next frontier is the smart home environments. A smart home consists of low capacity devices (sensors, for example) and wireless networks. These devices are networked together and they need to all work together as a secure system. The proposed scheme aims to offer a secure session key establishment scheme which can then be implemented in smart home networks. Every node (sensor and control unit) uses a small authentication token, along with a random number to establish a session key which is both secure and dynamic. A few popular attacks like denial-of-service and eavesdropping are prevented by the proposed scheme.
Four new species of Trichoderma in the Harzianum clade from northern China

Abstract The Harzianum clade of Trichoderma comprises many species, which are associated with a wide variety of substrates. In this study, four new species of Trichoderma, namely T. lentinulae, T. vermifimicola, T. xixiacum, and T. zelobreve, were encountered from a fruiting body and compost of Lentinula, soil, and vermicompost. Their colony and mycelial morphology, including features of asexual states, were described. For each species, their DNA sequences were obtained from three loci, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the ribosomal DNA, the gene encoding the second largest nuclear RNA polymerase subunit (RPB2), the translation elongation factor 1-α encoding gene (TEF1-α). The analysis combining sequences of the three gene regions distinguished four new species in the Harzianum clade of Trichoderma. Among them, T. lentinulae and T. xixiacum clustered with T. lixii, from which these new species differ in having shorter phialides and smaller conidia. Additionally, T. lentinulae differs from T. xixiacum in forming phialides with inequilateral to a strongly-curved apex, cultural characteristics, and slow growth on PDA. Trichoderma vermifimicola is closely related to T. simmonsii, but it differs from the latter by producing phialides in verticillate whorls and smaller conidia. Trichoderma zelobreve is the sister species of T. breve but is distinguished from T. breve by producing shorter and narrower phialides, smaller conidia, and by forming concentric zones on agar plates. This study updates our knowledge of species diversity of Trichoderma.
Drought and simulated deer herbivory reduce growth in Atlantic white cedar seedlings

White-tailed deer are overabundant in much of eastern North America and may be suppressing regeneration in some tree species. Herbivory initially reduces plant biomass, but it has the potential to stimulate compensatory growth. However, stressful environmental conditions may reduce recovery from herbivory. Seedlings of Atlantic white cedar, Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb. , are frequently browsed by white-tailed deer and also experience both flooded and dry soils in natural habitats. We conducted a growth chamber experiment to test for a potential interaction between simulated deer browsing and water availability treatments on seedling height, stem diameter, and above- and belowground biomass. Of the 180 study plants, half were subjected to an initial clipping treatment, and all plants were then exposed to high, intermediate, or low water availability for 90 days. We found that, over the short term, seedlings in favorable growing conditions could not compensate for lost biomass after.
Ecological Sound Control Strategies for Population Suppression of Date Palm Borers Oryctes spp.

Cultural practices, hand collection of larvae, light traps and entomopathogenic fungi were investigated to manage of palm borers Oryctes spp. in date palm orchards during the years 2010-2015. Cultural practices, such as sanitation and pruning frond bases, hand collection of larvae during regular annual service work and light traps with solar energy were practiced annually in one orchard for five years. In the second orchard, cultural practices were applied for two years, light trap for one year only, and no hand collection of larvae was done during the period. The third orchard was used as a control treatment. Results showed reduction in population density of larvae (91.6% and 53.0%) and adult (76.1% and 41.1%) of Oryects spp. in the 1st and 2nd orchard, respectively. The results also demonstrated the impact of moon light phases on the number of Oryctes spp. adults caught by light trap and the existence of an inverse relation between moon light and flight activity of adults. Biological experiments also revealed that entomopathogenic fungi can cause high mortality rate reaching 100% after 29 d. Beauveria bassiana scored higher mortality rate in short time, especially at concentration of 1 × 10 conidia/mL with LT50 = 12.75 and LT90 = 20; while, Metarhizium anisopliae caused the higher percentage of malformed adults. The results depicted the effectiveness of some integrated ecological sound control methods for monitoring and population suppression of Oryects spp. in date palm orchards.
A novel comprehensive database for arabic and english off-line handwritten digits recognition

The recognition of Arabic handwritten is received at the same interest as other Latin languages. In Optical Character Recognition (OCR), handwriting Arabic recognition is considered as one of the critical and difficult tasks in the various scientific area. The main issues of this matter were due to the lack of public Arabic handwriting databases and the cursive nature of Arabic writing. In this paper, a new benchmark database is built for the Arabic and English off-line handwritten digits Recognition. The original form is divided into three groups: Arabic digits, English digits, and word Arabic digits which written five times by 100 different academic staff and students of university writers. Our database contains 14500 images; divided into two subsets of training and testing to help researchers through evaluating and comparing results obtained from their systems.
An optimise ELM by league championship algorithm based on food images

This paper presents an optimisation of extreme learning machine by league championship algorithm based on food images. extreme learning machine (ELM) is an effective classifier because of the performance which is higher than other classifiers’ aspects. However, some important drawbacks still work as a hindrance like failure of optimal selection weights for the weights of the input-hidden layer and the output of the threshold. In spite of the wide number of problem-solving attempts, there was no solution to be considered effective. This paper presents the approach of hybrid learning and the League Championship Algorithm is used by for the purpose of selecting the input weights and the thresholds outputs. The experimental outcomes showed that the performance of proposed technique is superior as compared according to different scenarios of the measures to benchmark. The proposed method has achieved an overall accuracy of 95% for UEC food 100 dataset and 94% for UEC food 256 dataset comparing with 94% and 80% for baseline approaches.
Functional trait differences between native bunchgrasses and the invasive grass Bromus tectorum

We conducted 30- and 60-d greenhouse experiments to compare functional traits of Bromus tectorum (invasive annual grass) and four perennial bunchgrasses under well-watered or drought conditions. Even under drought, B. tectorum experienced signi ﬁ cantly less stress (i.e., higher xylem pressure potential and greater shoot water content, water use per day and water-use ef ﬁ ciency) and biomass production than the perennial grasses after 30 d. However, after 60 d, its superiority was reduced under infrequent watering. Differences among perennial grasses were more pronounced for physiological traits under infrequent watering and for morphological traits under frequent watering. Elymus multisetus (fast-growing species) had a higher transpiration rate, lower leaf temperature, and lower water-use ef ﬁ ciency than the other grasses after 30 d. In contrast, Pseudoroegneria spicata (slow-growing) had lower xylem pressure potential and higher leaf temperature than all other grasses under infrequent watering. Under frequent watering, shoot dry mass and speci ﬁ c leaf area of B. tectorum was matched by Elymus wawawaiensis (moderate-growing species). Our results indicate that multiple-species plantings or seedings are necessary to foster greater weed resistance against B. tectorum . We also emphasize that when choosing plant material for restoration, performance during both pulse (resource-rich) and inter-pulse (resource-poor) periods should be considered.