Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Review of recent literature on the light absorption properties of black carbon: Refractive index, mass absorption cross section, and absorption function

Abstract Knowledge of the optical properties of soot black carbon (BC) is required for the prediction of the radiative effects of freshly-emitted and aged BC particles. Here we review BC mass absorption cross section (MAC) and absorption function E(m) measurements, focusing on freshly-emitted BC. First, we review recently reported MACs at 550 nm wavelength as obtained from direct measurements of particulate absorption and mass concentration; we find an average of 8.0 ± 0.7 m2/g from ten measurements, not significantly higher (p > 0.26) than the widely used MAC of 7.5 ± 1.2 m2/g recommended by Bond and Bergstrom [Bond, T. C. , and R. W. Bergstrom. 2006. Light absorption by carbonaceous particles: An investigative review. Aerosol Sci. Technol. 40(1):27–67]. Second, we review recently reported E(m), whose retrieval is more complex due to the need to combine measurements with numerical models to estimate the contribution of scattering to extinction. Third, we review recent numerical studies that have aimed to predict the BC MAC using various complex refractive indices (m = n + ik). Most of these studies have used m = 1.95 + 0.79i recommended by Bond and Bergstrom (2006), yet failed to predict a MAC as high as 7.5 or 8.0 m2/g at 550 nm wavelength. Fourth, we summarize a selected range of alternative values of m that has been reported by recent studies and place them in the context of measurements using a contour plot of E(m) on the n–k plane. We show that the widely used m = 1.95 + 0.79i corresponds to an E(m) that is too low to be consistent with the measured MAC values. We conclude that the E(m) of BC in the visible and near infrared should be greater than 0.32, and that the commonly used BC models or the refractive index, or both, are still in need of improvement.
Experimental and Theoretical Study of Photochemical Hydrogen Evolution Catalyzed by Paddlewheel‐Type Dirhodium Complexes with Electron Withdrawing Carboxylate Ligands

The photochemical hydrogen evolution capabilities of paddlewheel‐type dirhodium complexes with electron withdrawing carboxylates, [Rh2(O2CR)4(H2O)2] (R=CF3 and CCl3 for [2(H2O)2] and [3(H2O)2], respectively), were investigated and compared with that of [Rh2(O2CCH3)4(H2O)2], ([1(H2O)2]), which is the most effective hydrogen evolution catalyst (HEC) among rhodium complexes developed to date. Artificial photosynthesis (AP) systems with [2(H2O)2] or [3(H2O)2], [Ir(ppy)2(bpy)](PF6), and TEA showed highly efficient hydrogen evolution activities; the turnover numbers (TON) of hydrogen evolution per Rh by the AP systems with [2(H2O)2] and [3(H2O)2] after 12 h of photo‐irradiation were 3334 and 3138, respectively. Experimental analyses and density functional theory (DFT) calculations afforded valuable insight into the hydrogen evolution mechanism of paddlewheel‐type dirhodium complexes; (i) hydrogen evolution activities of the AP systems with [2(H2O)2] and [3(H2O)2] were slightly lower than that of the AP system with [1(H2O)2] despite one‐electron reduction potentials of [2(H2O)2] and [3(H2O)2] lie on the anode side than that of [1(H2O)2], and (ii) two different pathways exist during the early stages in the photochemical hydrogen evolution by [2(H2O)2] and [3(H2O)2]. Moreover, the relative free‐energy diagrams estimated by DFT calculations clarified the energy profiles of the mechanism including the rate‐determining steps of the hydrogen evolution by [1(H2O)2]−[3(H2O)2].
The role of Orai2 in mGluR1/5-mediated signaling and calcium homeostasis in CA1 pyramidal neurons

Ca2+ released from endoplasmic (ER) Ca2+ stores through inositoltrisphosphate (IP3) and ryanodine (Ry) receptors is a ubiquitous second messenger. In this thesis we study homeostasis of ER Ca2+ stores and the role of the Ca2+ channel Orai2 in hippocampal CA1-pyramidal neurons (PNs) in wild type and Orai2-deficient knockout mice. Using confocal Ca2+ imaging combined with the patch-clamp technique we show that Orai2 replenishes IP3-sensitive stores only. Homeostasis of Ry-sensitive stores depends on voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. The IP3-sensitive store is a novel type of Ca2+ store in CA1-PNs that is distinct from the Ry-sensitive store and has a complementary function in synaptic plasticity.
Flatband voltage stability and time to failure of MOCVD-grown SiO2 and Si3N4 dielectrics on N-polar GaN

The flat-band voltage (VFB) stability and time-dependent-dielectric-breakdown of SiO2 and Si3N4 films grown in situ on (000–1) N-polar GaN by metal organic chemical vapor deposition are investigated. The VFB of the SiO2-film was unstable only above a critical electric-field stress of 4.3 MV cm−1, while the VFB of Si3N4 was unstable at both low and high electric fields. The Si3N4 film exhibited time to failure of 20 years occurring at an electric field of 4.9 MV cm−1 which was 3 MV cm−1 higher than that of SiO2. This study contributes to the understanding of dielectrics performance, devoted to next-generation N-polar GaN-based transistors.
An Evaluation of Effects of Black Grape and Ginger Extracts on Hematological Alteration and Lipid Peroxidation of Hepatocyte in Irradiated Albino Mice

Introduction: Exposure to ionizing radiation can trigger adverse biological effects on healthy tissues, such as causing hematological toxicity and potential injury to different organs. Ionizing radiation has sufficient energy to liberate electrons from atoms leaving them with unpaired electrons; hence ionizing them and producing free radicals. In the current study, the risk of exposing to 6 Gy x-irradiation on alteration of some hematological parameters and liver tissue lipid peroxidation activity in albino mice in the presence and absence of black grape and ginger extracts as antioxidants have been investigated. Material and Methods: Albino mice were exposed to 6 Gy wholebody xirradiation in the absence and presence of black grape and ginger extracts (10mL/Kg). Results: The results of the present study showed a significant decrease in mice red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin, following the exposure to 6 Gy x-irradiation (P≤0.05), while all the mentioned parameters were relatively shifted toward the normal values in the mice that received black grape and ginger extracts as a treatment prior to the radiation. Accordingly, our results demonstrated a noticeable increase in the malondialdehyde analysis (MDA) level in the 6 Gy group, while a slight depletion in the MDA level was observed in the group of mice that received black grape and ginger extracts, compared to that of the control group. Conclusion: the administration of black grape and ginger extracts prior to irradiation may protect the mice from excess hepatocyte lipid peroxidation and alteration of hematological parameters.
Identifying infection in chronic wounds

There is a myriad of published research and anecdotal information available regarding wound infection, biofilm and antimicrobials. The author reviewed recent literature on chronic wound infections and has provided a concise and simple breakdown aimed at health professionals dealing with chronic wounds to encourage critical appraisal of their current practice and to guide future practice.
"They Stopped Teaching…and I Stopped Caring": How a Lack of Caring Relationships Pushes Students to Drop Out

There are a number of mediating factors in youths’ decision to leave high school prior to graduation. This qualitative paper, from the perspective of students who have dropped out of high school, focuses on push factors, factors within the control of the school, and illustrates how a lack of caring relationships, favoritism, targeting and behind grade negative experiences pushes students to drop out. As already struggling students navigate a school climate that they perceive as uncaring, they further waver with most experiencing one final tipping point that either pull them away from school or further push them to dropping out. Implications and structural barriers to developing a pedagogy of caring is discussed.
Traditional and Modern Uses of Saffron (Crocus Sativus)

The Aromatic and Medicinal Plants sector has undergone a remarkable evolution, especially during the last decade. The global market is moving more and more towards products of natural origin. Indeed, of the 4200-existing plant in Morocco, 800 are listed as aromatic and medicinal plants. Among these plants, saffron is a source of income for many areas of Morocco. Saffron, the dried stigma of the Crocus sativus flower, is considered among the main terroir products of Morocco. Saffron has accompanied all civilizations, whether for its culinary role, for its quality of dye or its ancestral virtues rooted in folk medicine. This review highlights the main components of saffron, and the pharmacological activities that result from it and make this product a serious therapeutic hope. Then, a classification of uses of saffron was carried out according to its uses, traditional, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and perfumery without forgetting its use a spice incorporated in many dishes around the world.
Cilengitide in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme and unmethylated MGMT gene promoter: Protocol of a multicenter, randomized, open-label, controlled phase II study.

TPS151 Background: Expected median survival is poor for patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Cilengitide, an investigational selective αvβ3/5 integrin inhibitor, has demonstrated antitumor activity against GBM in previous phase II studies. CORE (cilengitide in combination with temozolomide [TMZ] and radiotherapy [RTX]) will assess the efficacy and safety of 2 regimens of cilengitide in GBM patients with an unmethylated MGMT promoter. The study is a companion trial to CENTRIC, which includes patients with newly diagnosed GBM with methylated MGMT promoter. Methods: CORE is a phase II, randomized, multicenter, open-label, controlled, trial investigating 2 regimens of i.v. cilengitide in combination with standard therapy [RTX/TMZ then TMZ; Stupp et al NEJM 2005] vs standard therapy alone (2:2:1 ratio). The 2 cilengitide regimens compare 2,000 mg twice weekly vs. 2,000 mg 5 times weekly on each day of RTX during 6 weeks of RTX/TMZ, followed by cilengitide 2,000 mg twice-weekly combined with TMZ, follow.
Aspectos fisiológicos do decúbito prona em síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo

A mortalidade da Sindrome do Desconforto Respiratorio Agudo (SDRA) oscila em torno de 30 a 60%. Nenhuma abordagem terapeutica, exceto a estrategia ventilatoria, apresentou impacto na sobrevida desses doentes. Este trabalho objetiva avaliar a utilizacao do decubito prona em pacientes com SDRA por meio de revisao bibliografica. Foram pesquisados estudos publicados entre os anos 1967 a 2007 nas bases eletronicas de dados do Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials , Pubmed , SciELO e Lilacs . Selecionaram-se artigos utilizando os seguintes termos (nos idiomas portugues e ingles): prone position, acute respiratory distress syndrome, alveolar recruitment, intensive care, effects . A posicao prona e uma manobra utilizada para combater a hipoxemia nos pacientes com sindrome do desconforto respiratorio agudo, sendo considerada um modo eficaz de melhorar a oxigenacao. Entretanto, os mecanismos fisiologicos que levam a melhora da funcao respiratoria ainda nao estao completamente esclarecidos. Em conclusao, o posicionamento prona se mostra como um recurso terapeutico com boas possibilidades de ser amplamente utilizado na conducao clinica de pacientes acometidos pela SDRA.
Effectiveness of Internet psychological treatments in mental health disorders

Our world is changing and changing quickly. One can be certain that the impact of technology will only become more pervasive in the decades to come and we cannot ignore how it will impact our profession. The juggernaut of technological development has and will continue to dramatically alter how we as health professionals in the neurosciences pursue our efforts in research, training and treatment. This book provides a rare and needed analysis of the history of technology in our field, the current state-of-the-art as well as a vision for the future. The contributors of this book critically examine how recent technological developments can contribute to advances in a range of topics including educational technology, assessment and treatment. These advances include a wide range of new approaches to communication and extend to advances in clinical care such as Diffusion Tensor Imaging and Transcranial Magnetic and Deep-brain stimulation.
Phytochemical and Pharmacognostical Evaluation of Vanda roxburghii

The present study reveals the result of and phytochemical evaluation on the roots of Vanda roxburghii, which is a species of orchid occurring from the Indian subcontinent to Indochina. The various parts of the plant are used traditionally as antipyretic; useful in dyspepsia, bronchitis, inflammations, piles and diseases of the nervous system. Therefore, an attempt to carry out pharmacognostical studies of plant by various parameters like macroscopy, microscopy, physio-chemical constants and preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out.
Letter to the Editor Helicobacter pylori Infection and Anemia

In their comprehensive and rigorous study on the etiology of anemia in Côte d’Ivoire, Righetti and others reported high prevalence of anemia (45–75%), inflammation, and deficiencies of iron, riboflavin, and vitamin A. The factors that were significantly and positively linked to the prevalence of anemia differed by age group: (1) infection with Plasmodium falciparum in 6to 23-month-old children, (2) cellular iron deficiency and chronic inflammation in 6to 8-year-old children, and (3) cellular iron deficiency in non-pregnant young women. Identifying modifiable risk factors like the factors reported by Righetti and others is highly important and can help in establishing interventions aimed at reducing the burden of anemia. Helicobacter pylori colonizes the stomach; typically, it is acquired in childhood and causes asymptomatic chronic infection, which is highly endemic in developing countries. A small portion of H. pylori-infected subjects develop peptic ulcers and gastric carcinoma, usually in late adulthood. In well-designed studies, H. pylori was found to be associated with increased likelihood of iron deficiency anemia (IDA); furthermore, anti-H. pylori therapy substantially reduced the percentage of children affected with IDA. In a community-based study among Arab children in Israel, we found significantly lower mean hemoglobin levels in children ages 6–9 years who were infected withH. pylori compared with their uninfected peers. H. pylori was also associated with low ferritin levels. In a systematic review and meta-analysis, we found higher prevalence of IDA in H. pylori-infected subjects than uninfected ones (pooled odds ratio = 2.8; 95% confidence interval = 1.9–4.2). We recommend the investigation of H. pylori infection as a potential factor that might play a role in the occurrence of anemia in this population. Trials on the impact of anti-H. pylori therapy on the burden of anemia and IDA could shed light on whether the association betweenH. pylori and these disorders is causal. KHITAM MUHSEN Center for Vaccine Development University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland E-mail: kmuhsen@medicine.umaryland. edu
Improvement of the electro-transformed cell yield for Bifidobacterium sp. with large DNA

In this study, the poor electro-transformant yield of large DNA in bifidobacteria was improved by increasing the DNA concentration, which was amplified by enhancing electroporation conditions: treating the cell wall weakening agent and cell membrane permeabilizing molecule as well as changing the electrical parameter. In the enhanced conditions, the electroporation frequency increased from 15 to 71 times compared to the initial conditions at the same DNA concentration. As the DNA concentration increased, the difference in the electroporation frequency between the two conditions became greater, and the curve of the enhanced conditions seemed to be saturated with a DNA concentration over 4 µ g. The present study provided a clue to the recovery of the electroporation frequency with large DNA and formulated the relationship between the DNA concentration, the DNA size and the electroporation frequency in bifidobacteria. Therefore, this study will contribute to the expansion of molecular genetic studies of bifidobacteria.
Lung Cancer Screening: Update

매년 4회 촬영한 대상자들을 일반인과 2009년 12월까지 최장 Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide as well as in Korea. A recent National Lung Screening Trial in U.S. revealed that low-dose CT (LDCT) screening reduced lung cancer specific mortality by 20% in high risk individuals as compared to chest radiograph screening. Based on this evidence, several expert societies in U.S. and Korean multisociety collaborative committee developed guidelines for recommendation of lung cancer screening using annual LDCT in high risk populations. In most of the societies high risk groups are defined as persons aged 55 to 74 years, who are current smokers with history of smoking of more than 30 packs per year or exsmokers, who quit smoking up to 15 or more years ago. The benefits of LDCT screening are modestly higher than the harms in high risk individuals. The harms included a high rate of false-positive findings, over-diagnosis and radiation-related deaths. Invasive diagnostic procedure due to false positive findings may lead to complications. LDCT should be performed in qualified hospitals and interpreted by expert radiologists. Recently, the American College of Radiology released the current version of Lung cancer CT screening Reporting and Data Systems. Education and actions to stop smoking must be offered to current smokers. Index terms Early Detection of Cancer Lung Neoplasms Mass Screening Tomography, Spiral Computed
Resveratrol: A Sirtuin Activator and The Fountain of Youth

BACKGROUND: An organism’s lifespan is inevitably accompanied by the aging process, which involves functional decline, a steady increase of a plethora of chronic diseases, and ultimately death. Thus, it has been an ongoing dream of mankind to improve healthspan and extend life. CONTENT: There are only a few proposed aging interventions: caloric restriction, exercise, and the use of low-molecular-weight compounds, including spermidine, metformin, resveratrol, and rapamycin. Resveratrol, a constituent of red wine, has long been suspected to have cardioprotective effects. Interest in this compound has been renewed in recent years, first from its identification as a chemopreventive agent for skin cancer, and subsequently from reports that it activates sirtuin deacetylases and extends the lifespans of lower organisms. Resveratrol have been shown to prevent and reduce the severity of age-related diseases such as atherosclerosis, stroke, myocardial infarct, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, osteoarthritis, tumors and metabolic syndrome, along with their ability to extend lifespan. SUMMARY: The purpose of aging research is the identification of interventions that may avoid or ameliorate the ravages of time. In other words, the quest is for healthy aging, where improved longevity is coupled to a corresponding healthspan extension. It is only by extending the healthy human lifespan that we will truly meet the premise of the Roman poet Cicero: “No one is so old as to think that he may not live a year. ” KEYWORDS: aging, caloric restriction, mimetic, healthspan, sirtuin activator
Synthesize and survey the drug loading efficiency of the porous nano silica modified by gelatin

Recent research in drug delivery, gelatin stand out from all other natural polymer by its property such as biocompatible, biodegradable, reduced immunogenicity. Modify porous nano silica (PNS) by gelatin to use for drug delivery can avoid the detection of the human immune system. In this study, the coated PNS was successfully formed with spherical shape and diameter around 70 nm determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Drug loading and release behaviors of doxorubicine@PNS-gelatin, in particular, were also tested. This study is expected to improve the stability of PNS for drug delivery system in cancer therapy.
Lifestyle modification and hypertension prevention

BACKGROUND: Hypertension, a clear risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, affects nearly one billion people worldwide. Recent statistics have reported increasing mortality due to hypertension which reveals the importance of prophylactic strategies in controlling blood pressure. Lifestyle changes are one of the most effective ways to prevent and control hypertension. METHODS: This study was a comprehensive literature review performed through searches in databases such as Medline, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar using the terms "lifestyle", "hypertension", "lifestyle modification", "risk factors for hypertension", "nonpharmacologic treatment of hypertension", and "dietary and activity factors". RESULTS: Lifestyle factors such as dietary behaviors and physical activity are associated with hypertension. Several studies have indicated direct and indirect associations between overweight and increased risk of hypertension. Increased consumption of grains, fruits, vegetables, and milk and reduced consumption of sodium, fat, and alcohol are effective in preventing and controlling hypertension. In addition, some studies have reported a 35% reduction in risk of developing hypertension among individuals who engage in regular physical activity compared to sedentary people. CONCLUSION: Since lifestyle- and diet-related factors are often modifiable, perceptions of their effects have specific importance in hypertension prevention and treatment. Keywords: Blood Pressure, Lifestyle, Overweight, Physical Activity, Nutrition
Emerging from the darkness and stepping into the light: Implementing an understanding of the experience of nurse addiction into nursing education

Abuse of drugs and alcohol occurs across all cultures, generations, and occupations, including nursing. Nurse addiction is a topic of serious concern that is often dismissed or ignored in the profession. Impaired nurses can become dysfunctional in their ability to provide safe, appropriate patient care. This qualitative study explored the lived experience of nurses who have been addicted to substances. Knowledge of this phenomenon may help guide nurses, nurse educators, and nursing students more accurately understand the reality of substance use disorder in the profession. In this qualitative study, 14 nurse addicts in recovery were interviewed about their experiences and risk perceptions. Analysis was conducted through coding, the identification of meanings and themes, and the use of qualitative research software. Five themes were identified from the study: (a) Fear was a significant part of the experience of being a nurse who was addicted; (b) Shame and guilt were felt by nurses who were addicted; (c) Poor coping: Addicted nurses reported having underdeveloped coping skills; (d) Control: Addicted nurses felt an increased need to control their environments; and (e) A core problem inherent in nurses who were addicted was a belief that addiction would never happen to them. Discussion of the five identified themes was followed by a discussion about addiction risk, prevention, and suggestions for application in nursing education. Participants discussed their experience with nurse addiction in their nursing education experiences and offered suggestions for more effective ways to teach the subject in nursing school. Implications for nursing education were then discussed, including using peer educators, namely, recovering nurse addicts, as teachers of this subject. Implications for nurses globally are presented. Finally, the overall theme identified was that addicted nurses often felt misunderstood and judged, and they desired to be accepted among others in the profession.