Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Current Concepts Review: Orthobiologics

Orthobiologics is an ill-defined term that may be described as the clinical application of biologically derived materials engineered to promote the repair or regeneration of musculoskeletal tissue. The initial focus of research in orthobiologics was to develop materials capable of promoting the formation of bone to heal arthrodeses, fractures, nonunions of fractures, and to repair skeletal defects arising from traumatic injuries or tumors. The materials resulting from this research possessed varying degrees of osteoconductive and osteoinductive activity that, when placed in the local environment, enhanced osseous healing. Current research seeks to identify the molecular and cellular constituents of osseous healing and to acquire the ability to manipulate their numerous interactions to gain direct control over the pathways of bone formation. This review summarizes the scientific and clinical information known about the various orthobiologic materials currently available for therapeutic use. Bone morphogenetic proteins and the emerging technology behind orthopaedic gene therapy also are discussed. The purpose of this review is to update the orthopaedic clinician on the current literature guiding the ever-expanding application of orthobiological materials and technologies to patients with orthopaedic injuries and diseases.
Transitory Shocks, Permanent effects: Impact of the economic crisis on the Well-Being of Households in Latin America and the Caribbean

This paper aims to measure the impact of the global crisis on social indicators child health, mortality, education and poverty in five Latin American countries. The results suggest that economic downturns have a negative impact on child mortality, child health, and both overall and child poverty. Child poverty increases at higher rates than overall poverty. Results on education indicators are ambiguous. The paper concludes that an integrated social protection policy that protects the income of poor households and that maintains or expands basic health services during economic downturns are of critical importance to prevent transitory shock from having permanent effects on the well-being of households.
Limb bud colonization by somite-derived angioblasts is a crucial step for myoblast emigration

We have combined the use of mouse genetic strains and the mouse-into-chicken chimera system to determine precisely the sequence of forelimb colonization by presomitic mesoderm (PSM)-derived myoblasts and angioblasts, and the possible role of this latter cell type in myoblast guidance. By creating a new Flk1/Pax3 double reporter mouse line, we have established the precise timetable for angioblast and myoblast delamination/migration from the somite to the limb bud. This timetable was conserved when mouse PSM was grafted into a chicken host, which further validates the experimental model. The use of Pax3GFP/GFP knockout mice showed that establishment of vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is not compromised by the absence of Pax3. Of note, Pax3GFP/GFP knockout mouse PSM-derived cells can contribute to aortic, but not to limb, SMCs that are derived from the somatopleure. Finally, using the Flk1lacZ/lacZ knockout mouse, we show that, in the absence of angioblast and vascular network formation, myoblasts are prevented from migrating into the limb. Taken together, our study establishes for the first time the time schedule for endothelial and skeletal muscle cell colonization in the mouse limb bud and establishes the absolute requirement of endothelial cells for myoblast delamination and migration to the limb. It also reveals that cells delaminating from the somites display marked differentiation traits, suggesting that if a common progenitor exists, its lifespan is extremely short and restricted to the somite.
A REDISTRICTING ALGORITHM APPLIED TO GEOGRAPHIC REORGANIZATION OF CIRCUIT COURTS

The Federal Judicial Center, the research arm of the Federal judicial system, requested that Moshman Associates, Inc. study and prepare alternative geographic reorganizations of the United States Courts of Appeal. The general purpose of this study as described by the Federal Judicial Center was “to improve judicial administration” or “make administration more efficient. ” This task involved revising the territory served by the United States Circuit Courts of Appeal to attain greater parity in the number of appeals and in the number of district judges supervised by the Circuit Courts. A set of reasonable objectives for reorganization of the circuit courts was established and constraints on solutions were defined prior to the task of drawing maps. An existing and operating computer program, implementing an algorithm used primarily for political redistricting purposes, was chosen as a foundation to solve the many problems related to the geographic reorganization of the Courts. Alternative reorganization plans were produced using the available information, restraints and criteria, so that decisionmakers could examine and compare them, explore the effects and impacts of each on the present court system, and assess the benefits to be derived from each new plan.
SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIALS FOR : Did an Ebola Outbreak Influence the 2014 U . S . Federal Elections ? ( Hint : Only if you ignore autocorrelation )

Sample. We use the same data and variables analyzed by BHS in their analyses. Study 1 considered national-level polling data and Ebola search volume data between September 1 and November 1 aggregated across the U.S. BHS analyzed the relationship between U.S. countrylevel voter intentions and U.S. country-level Google searches for “Ebola”. In the time frame of September 1, 2014 to November 1, 2014, aggregate nationwide polling results were available for 24 days – 9 days preceding the initial Ebola outbreak and 15 days following the initial outbreak. BHS conducted analyses using this entire sample, as well as an 8-value subset of this sample (the last week of September and first week of October).
Association between the bothersomeness of lower urinary tract symptoms and the prevalence of erectile dysfunction.

OBJECTIVE To assess the association between the bothersomeness of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED). METHODS The target population comprised all men born in 1924, 1934, or 1944 and residing in Tampere or 11 surrounding municipalities in Finland in 1999. A questionnaire was sent in May 1999 to 2,864 men, and 2,133 (75%) responded. Of them, 417 were excluded because of missing data on erectile function, or because they had prostate cancer or radical prostatectomy, leaving a total of 1,716 (60%) qualified respondents. LUTS was assessed by the Danish Prostatic Symptom Score, and ED by a short form of the International Index of Erectile Function. Logistic regression model was used in the multivariate analysis. RESULTS Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of ED were 2.6 (95% CI 1.3-5.2) for men with LUTS total scores of 11-19 compared with men without LUTS and were not bothered by them, and 4.4 (2.1-8.9) for those with scores 20 or more. Bother scores 1-3 and 4-6 were significantly associated with ED (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2-2.6 and 2.1, 1.4-3.4, respectively), while similar symptoms scores were not. Adjusted ORs of ED was 4.1 (2.0-8.2) for men with a symptoms score of 10 or more compared with those free from symptoms, and same (OR 4.2, 95% CI 2.7-6.7) for men with similar bother score. Among symptoms, nocturia (adjusted OR 1.5), weak stream (OR 1.5), stress incontinence (OR 2.1), and overflow incontinence (OR 1.8) were significantly associated with ED, whereas among bother, only overflow incontinence (OR 2.2) was significantly correlated with ED. CONCLUSIONS ED is a common problem in men with LUTS and is strongly associated with both the severity of symptoms and their bothersomeness. However, bother of mild LUTS affects ED more than the mild symptoms, emphasizing the potential of psychological mechanisms of ED.
Influencia de las acciones a balón parado en el fútbol de élite nacional e internacional: Análisis de los factores competición y jugar como local o visitante

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las Acciones a Balon Parado (ABP) en el futbol de elite, nacional e internacional. Se analizaron un total de 1179 ABP, resultado del estudio de 60 equipos de futbol, entre primera y segunda division espanola y liga de campeones, diferenciando entre equipos que juegan como local y visitante. La ABP que tiene mayor importancia en el resultado son los Saques de Esquina, seguida de las Faltas y en menor medida de los Penaltis. No existen diferencias significativas entre jugar como Local o Visitante en lo que se refiere al total de Goles que se consiguen mediante las ABP. Sin embargo si que hay diferencias significativas en lo que se refiere al nivel competitivo entre Segunda Division y Liga de Campeones, donde los goles que se consiguen en ABP son un factor determinante del resultado final de los equipos. Y especialmente relevantes para los equipos que actuan como equipo local.
The Virial Factor and Biases in Single Epoch Black Hole Mass Determinations

Accurately determining the masses of supermassive black holes is crucial to understand their evolution and the establishment of their relationship with their host galaxy properties. Beyond the local universe, the single epoch mass estimation method provides a simple procedure to estimate black hole masses in large spectroscopic samples of type-1 active galactic nuclei. The method assumes virialized motion of gas in the close vicinity to the active black holes, traced through broad emission lines. However, because of the assumption of a universal virial factor, this procedure has uncertainties associated with the unknown distribution of the gas clouds. Here, using a sample of 39 quasars observed with the VLT/X-shooter spectrograph, we compare alternative estimations of black hole masses determined from the properties of the accretion disk emission around the black hole with the single epoch virial mass estimations. We find that the virial factor is inversely proportional to the observed width of the broad emission lines. This result implies that current virial masses can be miss-estimated by up to a factor of 6. Our analysis indicates that either the effect of line-of-sight inclination in a planar distribution of the broad line emitting gas or the radiation pressure perturbations to the distribution of gas can reproduce our findings.
Retracted: Heat‐shock pretreatment inhibits sorbitol‐induced apoptosis in K562, U937 and HeLa cells

Marfe, G. , Pucci, B. , De Martino, L. , Fiorito, F. , Di Stefano, C. , Indelicato, M. , Aventaggiato, M. , Russo, M. A. and Tafani, M. (2009), Heat‐shock pretreatment inhibits sorbitol‐induced apoptosis in K562, U937 and HeLa cells. Int. J. Cancer, 125: 2077–2085. doi: 10.1002/ijc.24572
Identification of Human Spermatozoa Antigens Using Monoclonal Antibodies and the Alkaline Phosphatase Anti‐Alkaline Phosphatase‐Technique/Identifizierung von Antigenen humaner Spermatozoen mit Hilfe monoklonaler Antikörper und der alkalischen Phosphatase anti‐alkalischen Phosphatase‐(APAAP‐) Technik

Summary: Both cytoplasmic and surface‐membrane antigens of human spermatozoa were detected by means of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) and of the alkaline phosphatase anti‐alkaline phosphatase‐ (APAAP‐) technique. Several advantages of this technique for the identification of sperm could be demonstrated. The labeling of cytocentrifuge preparations from 16 ejaculates proved the presence of glycosphingolipids, nuclear and mitochondrial antigens of spermatozoa. However, there were no HLA‐molecules and other leukocyte antigens on sperm cells.
A 0.6-Tbps, 16-port SRAM design with 2-stage- pipeline and multi-stage-sensing scheme

A 8-read, 8-write port, 64-Kbit, 32-bit word-length SRAM design with multi-bank architecture is reported. Using a 2-stage-pipeline, a multi-stage-sensing scheme and a 2-port SRAM cell, high speed and high stability access is achieved simultaneously. The fabricated test chip in 90-nm CMOS technology features 1.2 GHz maximum clock frequency, 0.91 mm Si-area, 0.6 Tbps random-access bandwidth, and 123 mW power dissipation at 1.2 GHz. In comparison with a previously reported 16-port SRAM a bit-area reduction by an order of magnitude is achieved.
Intradiploic Pterional Epidermoid Tumor: A Case Report and Review of literature

Intradiploic epidermoid cyst is an uncommonly occurring neoplasm, and only about 200 cases are reported in the form of isolated case report. It is presumed to occur due to ectodermal cells in inclusion in the bone tissue during embryonic life neural tube closure. It commonly remains asymptomatic or rarely presents as a bony lump in the skull bone. Authors report present an interesting case, which presented with swelling, and underwent successful surgical resection. Pertinent literature along with diagnosis and management is briefly reviewed. These lesions can erode the bone and involve the brain parenchyma due to their proximity to the brain. Radiological imaging is very helpful in accurate diagnosis of these lesions and in differentiating intradural from intradiploic varieties of epidermoid. We present an unusual case of this pathology.
Reevaluation of the ability of the standardized disk diffusion test to detect methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus

To reevaluate the ability of the disk diffusion method to detect methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 73 such isolates from 13 cities were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility with the standardized disk diffusion test. Duplicate plates were incubated at 30 and 35 degrees C and read after 18, 24, and 48 h. After incubation at 35 degrees C for 24 h, 97% of isolates appeared resistant to methicillin, and 99% appeared resistant to oxacillin. A significantly smaller proportion of isolates appeared resistant to cephalothin (P less than 0.001) and cefamandole (P less than 0.001). Isolates from some cities had no zones of inhibition around methicillin and oxacillin disks, whereas those from other cities had measurable zones of inhibition, with light growth inside the zones. Patterns of growth around cephalothin and cefamandole disks also varied among isolates from different cities. Incubation at 30 degrees C for 24 h did not result in better detection of methicillin or oxacillin resistance. All study isolates appeared resistant to methicillin and oxacillin after 48 h of incubation at 35 degrees C. The results suggest that methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains from many areas will be detected if standardized disk diffusion tests are incubated at 35 degrees C for 24 h.
Causes of sore throat after intubation: a prospective observational study of multiple anesthesia variables.

BACKGROUND Sore throat is common after intubation for surgery. This observational study investigated cuff pressure and a large range of clinical covariates to explore the etiology of sore throat. METHODS Approximately 24 hours after surgery six questions relating to pain, upper airway symptoms and sore throat were delivered to patients who had undergone intubation. Sore throat was correlated with demographics, anesthesia variables and cuff pressure (measured for a subset of patients). RESULTS Sore throat was reported by 270/518 (52%) patients with VAS Score 45.9±25.1 (range 0-100). Sore throat patients were significantly younger, had a lower ASA status, were more frequently female, had shorter surgeries and lower nitrous oxide exposure, had a higher proportion of smaller tracheal tubes (7.5 mm internal diameter vs. 8 mm), had a higher incidence of nasogastric drainage, higher propofol doses and a higher usage of ketorolac. Decreasing age (odds ratio 0.976, 95% confidence intervals 0.961-0.992, P=0.003) and the presence of a nasogastric tube when the questionnaire was delivered (OR 1.83, 95% CI: 1.06-3.14, P=0.03) remained significant predictors of sore throat on multivariate analysis. Mean cuff pressure (measured for 160 patients) was 56.8±41.9 mmHg. Cuff pressure was similar amongst patients with and without sore throat (57±46 vs. 53±38 mmHg, P=0.58). There was no correlation between cuff pressure and severity of sore throat (r=0.004, P=0.37). CONCLUSIONS Only age and the presence of a nasogastric tube after surgery were significant predictors for sore throat. This result contradicts most other studies of cuff pressure where fewer covariates were measured.
Differential Regulation of the Two Metallothionein Genes in Common Carp

The expression of two metallothionein (MT) genes was followed in carp (Cyprinus carpio) in vivo during exposure to As and Cu. Changes in the levels of MT-1 and MT-2 mRNA in the liver and kidney were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The inducibility of the two MT isoforms was tissue- and metal-specific. Regardless of whether As or Cu was applied, the liver was more responsive than the kidney. Copper influenced the expression of both isoforms: the MT-1 and MT-2 mRNA levels increased in both the liver and the kidney in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Arsenic affected mostly the MT-2 expression, while the level of the MT-1 transcript did not change significantly in either organ.
Everyday police work during mental health encounters: A study of call resolutions in Chicago and their implications for diversion.

In recent decades, there has been sustained focus on police responses to persons experiencing mental health crises. The Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) model has been a seminal effort to improve safety, reduce arrests and enhance the use of emergency psychiatric assessment. With CIT well established, new discussions have emerged around how to further enhance the police-public health interface, including diversion from hospital emergency departments. In this context, this article takes stock of current police practices, utilizing descriptive data on 428 mental health-related calls addressed by Chicago Police over 3 years triangulated with insights from 21 in-depth officer interviews. During these calls, hospital transports were conducted more often than arrests. Moreover, informal interventions - without any legal action or hospitalization - were used most often, speaking to the "gray zone" nature of mental health-related encounters. Taken together, the data reveal the need for non-crisis diversion options that address chronic vulnerabilities.
Behaviors and body weight of suckling piglets in different social environments

Objective This study was conducted to characterize the behaviors and the body weight of suckling piglets in different social environments. Methods Two groups of sows and suckling piglets housed either in individual farrowing crates in separate pens (1.8×2.4 m, the control group) or in groups of three sows with their piglets in farrowing crates in a large common enclosure (5.4×2.2 m, the treatment group) were observed with the aid of video technology for 9 consecutive hours on days 1, 2, and 3, after mixing. Results Suckling, agonistic, and elimination behaviors of suckling piglets were significantly higher in the control group than in the treatment group. Inactive behavior was higher in the treatment group than in the control group. Most of the effects of the social environment on the suckling piglets seem to be the result of large reductions in behaviors and body weight for piglets switching from high activity to low activity. Moreover, suckling behavior and birth body weight were highly correlated with body weight at the end of the test. Conclusion The social environment that resulted from mixing, thus, had significant effects on the behavior and body weight of suckling piglets, and behavioral characteristics, therefore, should be considered when making improvements to the husbandry and care methods used in swine production.
Werkwoordsvolgorde in de rechterperiferie van de Nederlandse zin: inleiding

Een typische eigenschap van het Nederlands (en andere West-Germaanse talen zoals het Duits en het Fries) is dat werkwoorden zich ophopen aan het einde van de zin in een zogenaamde werkwoordcluster. In hoofdzinnen bestaat die werkwoordcluster uit alle niet-finiete werkwoorden van de zin en in bijzinnen uit alle niet-finiete werkwoorden samen met het finiete werkwoord. De onderlinge volgorde van de werkwoorden in die werkwoordclusters vertoont veel variatie in het Nederlands. Die volgordevariatie heeft heel wat onderzoek gestimuleerd in uiteenlopende takken van de taalkunde. Om te beginnen trok de volgorde van het finiete werkwoord (vf) en het participium (part) in werkwoordclusters in de bijzin de nodige aandacht. Dat type plaatsingsvariatie in tweeledige werkwoordclusters kunnen we illustreren met de volgende twee voorbeelden uit de ans (1997:18·5·7·3·ii).
Tetrobot family tree: modular synthesis of kinematic structures for parallel robotics

Parallel robots can be built by linking together unit cells in configurations which retain the static determinacy of the overall structure. In the Tetrobot system, the kinematics of these concatenated structures can be solved by propagation of solutions through connected graphs of linked modules. In this paper, we examine the synthesis of unit cells which could be used in creating these structures and retain the ability to compute the kinematics for control of the actuated system. Admissible unit cells are shown to form families in two- and three-dimensions, and a set of synthesis rules is described which generates the members of these families recursively for each generations. The resulting set of modules comprises a broad set of useful cells which can be used to design parallel robots and guarantee the computability of their kinematics on a cell-by-cell basis.
Hippocampal Function in Healthy Carriers of the CLU Alzheimer's Disease Risk Variant

Alzheimer's disease is a devastating, common, progressive dementia with considerable heritability. Recently, a genetic variant associated with the disease was discovered at CLU (rs11136000) with genome-wide support. Here we show, using an imaging genetics approach in a large genotyped sample, that healthy carriers of the variant exhibit altered coupling between hippocampus and prefrontal cortex during memory processing, mirroring clinical evidence of disturbed connectivity in patients and providing a neurogenetic mechanism for CLU-associated risk and protection.