Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using fishers' anecdotes, naturalists' observations and grey literature to reassess marine species at risk: the case of the Gulf grouper in the Gulf of California, Mexico

Designing fishing policies without knowledge of past levels of target species abundance is a dangerous omission for fisheries management. However, as fisheries monitoring started long after exploitation of many species began, this is a difficult issue to address. Here we show how the ‘shifting baseline’ syndrome can affect the stock assessment of a vulnerable species by masking real population trends and thereby put marine animals at serious risk. Current fishery data suggest that landings of the large Gulf grouper (Mycteroperca jordani, Serranidae) are increasing in the Gulf of California. However, reviews of historical evidence, naturalists’ observations and a systematic documentation of fishers’ perceptions of trends in the abundance of this species indicate that it has dramatically declined. The heyday for the Gulf grouper fishery occurred prior to the 1970s, after which abundance dropped rapidly, probably falling to a few percent of former numbers. This decline happened long before fishery statistics were formally developed. We use the case of the Gulf grouper to illustrate how other vulnerable tropical and semi-tropical fish and shellfish species around the world may be facing the same fate as the Gulf grouper. In accordance with other recent studies, we recommend using historical tools as part of a broad data-gathering approach to assess the conservation status of marine species that are vulnerable to over-exploitation.
Expérimentation du tutoriel Mentoniezh en classe de 4eme

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Application of Data Mining Techniques for Improving Continuous Integration

Continuous integration is a software development process where members of a team frequently integrate the work done by them. Generally each person integrates at least daily - leading to multiple integrations per day. Integration done by each developer is verified by an automated build (including test) to detect integration errors as quickly as possible. Many teams find that this approach reduces integration problems and allows a team to develop cohesive software rapidly. Continuous Integration doesn’t remove bugs, but it does make them dramatically easier to find and remove. This paper provides an overview of various issues regarding Continuous Integration and how various data mining techniques can be applied in continuous integration data for extracting useful knowledge and solving continuousintegration problems.
Lower Bounds for Numbers of Real Self-Dual Spaces in Problems of Schubert Calculus

The self-dual spaces of polynomials are related to Bethe vectors in the Gaudin model associated to the Lie algebra of types B and C. In this paper, we give lower bounds for the numbers of real self-dual spaces in intersections of Schubert varieties related to osculating flags in the Grassmannian $\mathrm{Gr}(N,d)$. The higher Gaudin Hamiltonians are self-adjoint with respect to a nondegenerate indefinite Hermitian form. Our bound comes from the computation of the signature of this form.
Solving the AI Race: Addressing the potential pitfalls of competition towards Artificial General Intelligence

AGI could arise within the next decades, promising a decisive strategic advantage. This paper discusses risks, associated with the development of AGI: destabilizing effects on strategic balance, underestimating risks in the interest of victory in the race, egoistically exploiting the huge benefits by a tiny minority. Further: Developed AGI could be beyond human control. Human goals could not be implemented and an intelligence explosion to superintelligence could take place leading to a total loss of control and power. If competition for AGI is non-transparent, secret, uncontrolled and not regulated, it’s possible that risks could not be managed and would lead to catastrophic consequences. The danger corresponds to that of nuclear weapons. It is crucial that the key actors of a possible AI Race agree at an early stage on the prevention and transparent regulation of a possible AI Race - similar to measures to secure strategic stability, on arms control measures, disarmament, and prevention of the proliferation of nuclear weapons. The realization that an uncontrolled AI race can lead to the extinction of humanity - this time even independent of human will – requires analogous measures to contain, prevent, regulate and secure an AI race within the framework of AGI development.
Effects of a Core Stability Program on Strength and Balance Skills in Senior Over 65

The strength core is an important prerequisite to perform sport skills and to perform some everyday activities such as walking, climbing stairs, postural control. The literature, so far, it is mainly dedicated to the description of the effectiveness of core stability exercises in athletes or in sedentary adults, with lumbar pain. The study describes the effects of a core stability training on balance and sit-to-stand skill in senior aged >65. In total 85 senior (44 female gender, 41 male gender, age 68.4 ± 1.6yrs, height 114, 4 ± 4.3 cm weight 26.8 ± 2.7 kg) partecipated at the recreational motor activity study and were assigned to either an intervention core stability based (CSG, n=43, age 68.4 ± 1.6yrs, height 168 ±4,5, weight 66,4 ±1,8kg) or a control group (CG, n=42, age 67.8 ± 1.6yrs, height 169.3 ±2.2, weight 66.1 ±4.5kg). The training program has had a duration of 8 weeks (3 sessions/week, one hour); CSG,has integrated the activities in recreational form with 6 core stability exercises. The sample was evaluated by McGill Test, Chair Stand Test and Single leg stance test. The results revealed that the 8-week core stability training program improved the core stability test (sit-up position, +13.9%, p<0.01; right side +32.2%, p<0.001; left side +35.9%, p<0.001), balance performance (right limb +19.5%, p<0.01; left limb +19.7%, p<0.01) and strength ability, +13.3%, p<0.05. The study confirms the need to introduce integrative core stability exercise, as well as the literature suggests. The study highlights the transfer of core stability training on the balance and strength ability in senior
Resolved debris discs around A stars in the Herschel DEBRIS survey

The majority of debris discs discovered so far have only been detected through infrared excess emission above stellar photospheres. While disc properties can be inferred from unresolved photometry alone under various assumptions for the physical properties of dust grains, there is a degeneracy between disc radius and dust temperature that depends on the grain size distribution and optical properties. By resolving the disc we can measure the actual location of the dust. The launch of Herschel, with an angular resolution superior to previous far-infrared telescopes, allows us to spatially resolve more discs and locate the dust directly. Here we present the nine resolved discs around A stars between 20 and 40 pc observed by the DEBRIS survey. We use these data to investigate the disc radii by tting narrow ring models to images at 70, 100 and 160 m and by tting blackbodies to full spectral energy distributions. We do this with the aim of nding an improved way of estimating disc radii for unresolved systems. The ratio between the resolved and blackbody radii varies between 1 and 2.5. This ratio is inversely correlated with luminosity and any remaining discrepancies are most likely explained by dierences to the minimum size of grain in the size distribution or dierences in composition. We nd that three of the systems are well t by a narrow ring, two systems are borderline cases and the other four likely require wider or multiple rings to fully explain the observations, reecting the diversity of planetary systems.
Emergence of Standard-Model-Like Fields and Particles in Gravitation-Diffusion Vacuum

A number of experiments suggest that the elementary particles are non-local entities. A dissipative self-organization, that treats particles as open systems may provide a better understanding of the underlying phenomena than conservative models. The proposed toy model is such an attempt. We found that self-gravitation (although accompanied by self-diffusion) may not only be compatible with the quantum phenomena but is perhaps the major reason for the existence of quantum fields. According to the proposed model, fields/particles (resemble those of the Standard Model) emerge from a dynamic self-organized medium (which we associate with vacuum dust) from competition between self-gravitation and self-diffusion. These forces produce turbulence in the form of vortices (which we call vacuum cells) that serve as the building blocks for fields and particles. Field/particle features and symmetries are based on their internal (intracellular) dynamics and vortex synchronization (intercellular dynamics). This model allows for rough estimations of relative field coupling strengths, the quantity of charges and flavors, the probabilities of quark transmutations, the dimensionality and the topologies of phase spaces, and other Standard Model parameters that came not from the theory but rather determined by experiment.
Surface Modifications of Oil Palm Mesocarp Fiber by Superheated Steam, Alkali, and Superheated Steam-Alkali for Biocomposite Applications

In this work, surface modifications of oil palm mesocarp fiber were carried out by using superheated steam, alkali, and consecutive superheated steam-alkali treatments, aiming at modification of fiber’s surface for biocomposite applications. The chemical compositions of fiber were modified after treatments as validated by chemical analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The treated fibers under microscopy observation showed relatively clean, rough, and textured surfaces due to the elimination of impurities and hemicellulose. The crystallinity index and thermal stability of treated fibers were relatively higher than that of untreated fiber as determined by X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analyses, respectively. A reduction in water absorption of fiber after treatments was also noted. These results indicated those treatments were effective in modifying the chemical compositions and microstructure of fiber. The treatments also increased the crystallinity and thermal stability, as well as reduced the hygroscopicity of fiber. Those treatments could increase the suitability of fiber to be used in the development of biocomposites.
Immunocytochemistry of Proteases in the Study of Leishmania Physiology and Host-Parasite Interaction

Leishmaniasis is a chronic disease caused by parasites from Leishmania genus and still represents a severe public health problem in the world and the incidence is increasing (Desjeux, 2004). There is no effective vaccine for prevention of any form of leishmaniasis and programs of prevention and drug therapy are the main mechanisms for disease control. On the other hand, current chemotherapy is the only way to treat cases of leishmaniasis. Since the 1940s, the pentavalent antimony compounds (e.g., Glucantime, Pentostam, or branded pentavalent formulations) have been the mainstays of antileishmanial therapy (Ait-Oudhia et al., 2011). Although these drugs are usually effective, they produce serious side effects, present difficulties of administration and high cost, the parasite persists in the scars of clinically cured patients (Schubach et al., 1998), and drug resistance has been observed (Castillo et al., 2010). Second-line drugs are used in areas with high rates of unresponsiveness to antimonial treatment or when it was not possible to administrate it. However, these drugs are even more toxic than antimony compounds and expensive, and these include pentamidine, amphotericin B, anti-fungal, allopurinol, and more recently, miltefosine, paramomicine and sitamaquine. Furthermore, they have low therapeutic index when compared to antimonial compounds (Almeida and Santos, 2011). Instead of determining treatment based on rational therapeutic indications, treatment of choice is frequently dictated by economic considerations and in a large majority of countries, chemotherapeutic approaches for all forms of leishmaniasis rely on the use of pentavalent antimonial compounds (Ait-Oudhia et al., 2011). The mechanism of pentavalent antimony compounds action is the inhibition of glycolytic pathway and ┚-oxidation enzymes of the parasites (Baiocco et al., 2009), but being a heavy metal it is non-selective and it is believed to interfere with other metabolic pathways of parasites and hosts. Furthermore, these drugs can interact with the zinc finger domain of proteins, and many proteins have this motif in their tridimensional structures (Demicheli et al., 2008).
Comparison of Risk Perception Between Delinquents and Non-Delinquents

The author is a Research Associate at the Hawthorne Cedar Knolls School, Hawthorne, New York. He is co-director of a research-demonstration project, supported by the National Institute of Mental Health, which is concerned with a social system approach to milieu therapy for emotionally disturbed and delinquent adolescent boys. Dr. Claster received the B.A. degree from Yale University in 1954 and the Ph.D. degree, in social psychology, from Columbia University in 1961. He was formerly Instructor in Sociology at the University of Kentucky. Delinquents have been said to differ from non-delinquents in the way in which they perceive the risk of committing crimes. Such a difference may appear in sociological, psychological, or social-psychological terms. This study found evidence for differences at the psychological and social-psychological, but not at the sociological level. The findings suggest that the greater "impulsivity" found among delinquents is related to their feelings of immunity from the law.
Constraining the nuclear pairing gap with pairing vibrations

Pairing interactions with various density dependencies (surface/volume mixing) are constrained with the two-neutron separation energy in the tin isotopic chain. The response associated with pairing vibrations in very neutron-rich nuclei is sensitive to the density dependence of the pairing interaction. Using the same pairing interaction in nuclear matter and in tin nuclei, the optimal range of densities relevant for the pairing channel is also studied.
Can We “ Save ” the Ocean ?

From Unbounded Optimism to Overwhelming Despair When people first settled the coasts, near the dawn of mankind, the ocean was both a source of food and a source of fear. With time, the fear decreased, the benefits grew, and the ocean became a great highway linking the continents, a source of great wealth as its riches were extracted, and a convenient rubbish dump. Throughout these many millennia it was inconceivable that humans could change the ocean through their activities – it was simply too vast. In 1884, Thomas H. Huxley wrote that “Probably all the great sea-fisheries are inexhaustible; that is to say that nothing we do seriously affects the number of fish. ”. Even as late as 1955, “The Inexhaustible Sea” was written by Francis Minot. And vast the ocean still is, covering 71% of the earth’s surface and representing perhaps 95% or more of the habitable biosphere, numbers that become achingly real when we try to find the remains of a jet lost on the ocean floor. Yet despite its almost incomprehensible size, the ocean is now a strikingly different place from that experienced by our distant and even more recent ancestors, thanks to our actions. Indeed, it is so different that we find it difficult to imagine how it once was – a place where cod could be scooped out in baskets and sailors could navigate by the sounds made by turtles. Our failure to recognize how much the ocean has changed is due to the phenomenon of shifting baselines – we redefine what was “normal” (and hence how much has changed) based on how the world was during childhood (Jackson et al. 2011). It is only recently, thanks in part to the new field of historical ecology, that we have begun to grasp what we have lost. Today, in the era now known as the Anthropocene, we live with an ocean much diminished by our actions:
Adversarial Information Acquisition

—This paper considers a non-cooperative two-player game modeling the problem of adversarial information acquisition in robotics. Each robot is equipped with a sensor, and is tasked with choosing control inputs that maximize an information (e.g. entropy) about the other player, while keeping its own state as uncertain to the other player as possible, subject to the available sensors. This adversarial information gathering problem has applications in surveillance, or search-and-rescue missions where the agent whose state is to be estimated may try to actively avoid the sensing robot. We formulate the problem of adversarial information acquisition, and provide an initial solution based on a variant of Monte Carlo Tree Search for simultaneous action games.
Glyphosate Tolerance Mechanism in Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) from Mississippi

Abstract A threefold glyphosate tolerance was identified in two Italian ryegrass populations, T1 and T2, from Mississippi. Laboratory experiments were conducted to characterize the mechanism of glyphosate tolerance in these populations. The T1 population absorbed less 14C-glyphosate (43% of applied) compared to the susceptible (S) population (59% of applied) at 48 h after treatment (HAT). The T2 population absorbed 14C-glyphosate at levels (56% of applied at 48 HAT) that were similar to both T1 and S populations, but tended to be more comparable to the S population. The amount of 14C-glyphosate that remained in the treated leaf was significantly higher in both T1 (67% of absorbed) and T2 (65% of absorbed) populations compared to the S population (45% of absorbed) at 48 HAT. The amount of 14C-glyphosate that moved out of treated leaf to shoot and root was lower in both T1 (25% of absorbed in shoot and 9% of absorbed in root) and T2 (25% of absorbed in shoot and 11% of absorbed in root) populations compared to the S population (40% of absorbed in shoot and 16% of absorbed in root) at 48 HAT. There were no differences in epicuticular wax mass among the three populations. Treating a single leaf with glyphosate solution at the field use rate (0.84 kg ae ha−1) as 10 1-µl droplets killed the S plant but not the T1 and T2 plants (33 and 55% shoot fresh-weight reduction, respectively). Shikimic acid accumulated rapidly at higher levels in glyphosate-treated leaf segments of the S population compared to the T1 population up to 100 µM glyphosate. However, above 500 µM glyphosate, the levels of shikimate were similar in both the S and T1 populations. Furthermore, shikimic acid content was three- to sixfold more in whole plants of the S population treated with 0.22 kg ae ha−1 glyphosate compared to the T1 and T2 populations. No degradation of glyphosate to aminomethylphosphonic acid was detected among the tolerant and susceptible populations. These results indicate that tolerance to glyphosate in the T1 population is partly due to reduced absorption and translocation of glyphosate and in the T2 population it is partly due to reduced translocation of glyphosate.
Ultra-Wideband Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) for Mobile Phone Frequencies and Ultra-Wideband Applications

A new planar inverted-F antenna with a very large bandwidth starting from 817MHz to 11.5GHz (VSWR < 3) is proposed as an alternative for high performance mobile phones intended to cover the major part of the mobile phone frequencies worldwide as well as the ultra-wideband (UWB) frequency range. A prototype of the antenna was constructed and the re∞ection coe-cient and radiation patterns were measured to demonstrate an adequate radiation performance. The antenna dimensions of 4 £ 2:5 £ 0:5cm 3 are compatible with the requirements imposed by the most recent commercially available smartphones. Besides, the easy construction without a matching network or a complicated geometry is an additional feature that can be re∞ected in low fabrication cost.
PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF HIV-1 ISOLATES FROM GEM SUB-COUNTY OF SIAYA COUNTY- KENYA

As the HIV pandemic becomes increasingly complex and devastating in Africa, there is need to come up with better management strategies in terms of treatment, vaccine and better testing methods. However, this is getting hampered by the high diversity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1), which is brought about by high rate of replication and mutation. The occurrence of mutations leads to emergence of diverse subtypes and variants which are genetically related but distinguishable. Studies have associated the different subtypes with different clinical and public health consequences. In this study, molecular analysis of the Protease and Reverse Transcriptase gene sequences of the HIV-1 isolates from plasma samples collected from Gem sub county in western Kenya was done. Genes sequences generated were aligned with consensus sequences obtained from Los Alamos HIV Sequence database. Phylogentic analysis was then done using PAUPTM software, version 4.0. A total of 21 HIV-1 plasma isolate samples from Gem sub-county were taken for molecular analysis. The results showed several mutations in both Protease and Reverse Transcriptase gene regions. The phylogenetic analysis revealed, 16 (76.2%) of the 21 isolates analyzed to be subtype A, subtype D were 4 (19.0%), and the remaining 1 (4.8%) was circulating recombinant form, CRF_AD. Since this study revealed three different HIV-1 subtypes in Gem, it would be necessary to conduct a future study to find out the effect of these subtypes on the transmission, pathogenicity and the rate of HIV-1 disease progression in Gem sub-county, western Kenya.
Evidence by Multi-Scale Analysis of Lineaments Derived from Gravity Anomalies in the Batouri Area (Eastern-Cameroon)

The area study of Batouri is known for its artisanal mining of gold and other minerals. The aim of this study is to determine the composition distribution of the area likely trap mineralization or fluid flow from the gravity data. This study is conducted in southeastern Cameroon, combines various data processing techniques including horizontal gradient gravity coupled with upward continuation and Euler deconvolution. The results from the different interpretations have established the superficial and deep structural map from which a beam was identified vulnerabilities organized following directions: NS, NW-SE, NE-SW, ENE-WSW and WNW-ESE respectively to a depth of 2,4 to 16,5 kilometers. The prevailing direction of lineaments here is the structural mapping NW-SE. The axis ensuing different interpretations of observed anomalies, as a basis for future mining and hydro geological studies in the area.
Dufès, Christine and Schätzlein, A.G. and Tetley, L. and Gray, A.I. and Watson, D.G. and Olivier, J.C. and Couet, W. and Uchegbu, I.F. (2000) Niosomes and polymeric chitosan based vesicles bearing transferrin

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