Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neurovirulence variation among the two genotypes of Chikungunya virus in Malaysia / Chiam Chun Wei

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an alphavirus of the family Togaviridae, causes fever, polyarthritis, and rash. There are three genotypes: West African, Asian, and East, Central and South African (ECSA). The latter two genotypes have caused outbreaks in Malaysia. Recent ECSA CHIKV outbreaks have been associated with severe neurological disease including encephalitis, meningitis, and acute flaccid paralysis. It is not known if different CHIKV genotypes are associated with different severity of neurological disease. In this study, the neurovirulence of Asian (MY/06/37348) and ECSA (MY/08/065) strains of CHIKV were compared by intracerebral inoculation in suckling mice, followed by virus titration, quantitative real-time PCR, histopathology, and gene expression analysis of the harvested brains. Both genotypes of CHIKV replicated similarly in the brains, yet suckling mice infected with Asian CHIKV showed higher mortality compared to ECSA CHIKV-infected mice and control mice. Histopathologic analysis showed that both CHIKV genotypes were found to spread within the brain (where CHIKV antigen was localised to astrocytes and neurons) and beyond to skeletal muscle. In Asian CHIKV-infected suckling mice, apoptosis and necrosis were observed earlier in brains, and more extensive CHIKV spread and pathologic changes were seen in skeletal muscle. Gene expression analysis showed that pro-apoptotic genes (eIF2αK2) were upregulated at higher levels in Asian CHIKVinfected suckling mice, while genes involved in anti-apoptosis (BIRC3) and antiviral responses and CNS protection (CD40, IL-10RA, MyD88, and PYCARD) were upregulated more highly in ECSA CHIKV-infected suckling mice. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the higher mortality observed following Asian CHIKV infection in mice is not due to higher viral replication in the brain as there was more spread in muscle and due to differentially expressed genes involved in antiviral activity and CNS iv protection. Further studies could focus on the differences in viral sequences encoding neurovirulence determinants. This information on important host responses may be used for development of therapeutic and prophylactic strategies against CHIKV infection, and identification of biomarkers for neurological CHIKV infections
Curriculum Reform based on Outcome-based Education System-the Case for the Course "Control Systems."

: In this paper, based on the implementation framework of outcome-based education (OBE) system, the teaching learning process of the course ‘control systems’ in our institute is reformed. Three outcomes at the course level has been identified: ability to establish goals and variables to be controlled and specification; ability to define and modeling systems; and ability to design, simulate and analysis a controller. Then all the teaching and learning processes are carried out aiming at the realization of these three learning outcomes to be demonstrated by the students
Opportunistic transmission using hybrid sensing for Cognitive Radio Sensor Network in the presence of smart Primary User Emulation Attack

ABSTRACT The ever-increasing spectrum demand in wireless communication networks like Sensor Network has routed to the development of Cognitive Radio Sensor Networks (CRSN). Securing the CRSN against the Primary User Emulation Attack (PUEA) plays a crucial role in the current research. In this paper, we propose an Opportunistic Transmission using the Hybrid Sensing method for the CRSN in the presence of smart PUEA. In Hybrid sensing method, both proactive sensing and reactive sensing techniques are effectively combined to reduce the error probability in detecting the Primary User signal. Furthermore, we have overcome the effect of PUEA by using the Opportunistic Transmission to improve the throughput and energy efficiency of the SU network. Both simulation and Software Defined Radio (SDR) based hardware test bed results show that the throughput is increased by 18%, the energy efficiency is increased by 11% and the error probability is reduced by 20% compared to the existing method.
Andean and California condors possess dissimilar genetic composition but exhibit similar demographic histories

Abstract While genetic diversity of threatened species is a major concern of conservation biologists, historic patterns of genetic variation are often unknown. A powerful approach to assess patterns and processes of genetic erosion is via ancient DNA techniques. Herein, we analyzed mtDNA from historical samples (1800s to present) of Andean Condors (Vultur gryphus) to investigate whether contemporary low genetic variability is the result of recent human expansion and persecution, and compared this genetic history to that of California condors (Gymnogyps californianus). We then explored historic demographies for both species via coalescent simulations. We found that Andean condors have lost at least 17% of their genetic variation in the early 20th century. Unlike California condors, however, low mtDNA diversity in the Andean condor was mostly ancient, before European arrival. However, we found that both condor species shared similar demographies in that population bottlenecks were recent and co‐occurred with the introduction of livestock to the Americas and the global collapse of marine mammals. Given the combined information on genetic and demographic processes, we suggest that the protection of key habitats should be targeted for conserving extant genetic diversity and facilitate the natural recolonization of lost territories, while nuclear genomic data should be used to inform translocation plans.
Diversité Floristique Des Ligneux Et Structure Des Formations À Garcinia Kola Heckel Dans Les Régions Du Centre Et De l’Est, Cameroun

In order to find the strategies to ensure the sustainable management of natural’s resources and especially woody plants in the Congo Basin, a study was carried out on the floristic diversity of woody plants and the structure of Garcinia kola formations in the Centre and East regions of Cameroon. A total of 39 quadrats of 40 m x 40 m were installed in the Garcinia kola formations in these two regions. In each plot, we identified and counted all individuals with a dbh ≥ 10 cm. Seedlings of G. kola (dbh<10 cm) were also counted in all the plots. The height and diameter of each individual were measured. ANOVA was used to compare the density averages of the different plots, and the DUNCAN test at 5% significance level (XLSTAT 2017) was used to separate these mean values. This study confirms that the Clusiaceae (G. kola) forms the floristic background of the stand studied. The surveys revealed a total of 196 species, 156 species (H '= 2.98) and 68 species (H' = 2.13), respectively, identified in the East and Centre among the population of individuals showing dbh ≥ 10 cm. They were distributed into 124 genera and 46 families. The most diversified families in G. kola formations are Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Meliaceae, Sterculiaceae, Moraceae, Anacardiaceae, Apocynaceae, Annonaceae, Rutaceae, Rubiaceae, and Clusiaceae. The average standing density of G. kola varies from 6.51 (East Region) to 40.72 (Centre Region) stems per hectare. The low density observed in the localities of the eastern region can be explained by the pressure exerted on this species in the natural environment linked mostly to methods of exploitation.
Cardiac afferent activity modulates early neural signature of error detection during skilled performance

Behavioral adaptations during performance rely on predicting and evaluating the consequences of our actions through action monitoring. Previous studies revealed that proprioceptive and exteroceptive signals contribute to error-monitoring processes, which are implemented in the posterior medial frontal cortex. Interestingly, errors trigger changes in autonomic nervous system activity such as pupil dilation or heartbeat deceleration. Yet, the contribution of implicit interoceptive signals of bodily states to error-monitoring during ongoing performance has been overlooked. This is more surprising given the evidence on the relevance of interoceptive signals for the modulation of perceptual, affective and cognitive processes. We investigated whether cardiovascular interoceptive signals influence the neural correlates of error processing during performance, with an emphasis on the early stages of error processing. We recorded participants’ electroencephalography and electrocardiogram during the performance of highly-trained music pieces in musicians. Previous event-related potential (ERP) studies revealed that pitch errors during skilled musical performance are preceded by an error detection signal, the pre-error-negativity (preERN), and followed by a later error positivity (PE). In this study, by combining ERP, source localization and multivariate pattern classification analysis, we found that the error-correct ERP waveform had a larger amplitude within 40–100 ms following errors in the systolic period of the cardiac cycle. This component could be decoded from single-trials, was dissociated from the preERN and PE, and stemmed from the inferior parietal cortex, which is a region implicated in cardiac autonomic regulation. In addition, the cardiac phase influenced behavioral alterations resulting from errors, with a smaller post-error slowing and less perturbed velocity in keystrokes following pitch errors in the systole phase of the cardiac cycle. This study provides the first evidence of preconscious visceral information modulating neural and behavioral responses related to early error monitoring during skilled performance.
Caractérisation de ressources génétiques conférant une résistance partielle à la sclérotiniose chez le soja

v Table des matières . vii Liste des tableaux . xiii Liste des figures . xv Liste des abréviations . xix Remerciements . xxiii Avant-propos . xxvii Chapitre 1 : Revue de littérature . 1 1.1 Le soja . 2 1.1.1 Origine du soja cultivé . 2 1.1.2 Importance économique du soja . 2 1.2 La sclérotiniose chez le soja . 3 1.2. 1 Méthodes de lutte . 5 1.2. 1 Pratiques culturales . 5 1.2. 2 Lutte chimique . 5 1.2. 3 Lutte biologique . 6 1.2. 4 Résistance génétique . 8 1.2. 2 Sources de résistance à la sclérotiniose . 8 1.2. 3 Évaluation de la résistance . 9 1.2. 4 Génétique de la résistance à la sclérotiniose . 10 1.3 Cartographie génétique . 10 1.3. 1 Cartographie biparentale . 11 1.3. 2 Cartographie par association . 14 1.3. 3 Cartographie génétique de la résistance à la sclérotiniose . 21 1.4 Marqueurs moléculaires . 23 1.4. 1 Marqueurs SNP et génotypage par séquençage (GBS) . 24 1.5 Sommaire et hypothèses . 27
Personality Traits and Foreign Language Proficiency in Russian Linguistics and Non-Linguistics Students

The search for factors and determinants of effective foreign (second) language acquisition (FLA/SLA) is an interdisciplinary problem that is becoming more and more practically important in the modern globalising world. The purpose of this study is to examine and compare the correlation between personality traits and the foreign language proficiency (FLP) level among students of various university specialties. The total sample includes 241 first- and second-year undergraduate students (74% females), of which 128 students (82.5% females) study at the Linguistics Department and 113 students (64% females) belong to other departments. All the students learn English as a primary foreign language (FL). The Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality traits (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness) were measured by the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (Russian adaptation by S. Biryukov and M. Bodunov). In testing the foreign language proficiency levels, we used the traditional Academic Performance Index (semester Final Grades in English) and assessments of the foreign language proficiency levels made by English teachers in relation to their students according to the Foreign Language Proficiency Scale (10 indices and the total score) developed by the authors. To process the data in the R software environment, version 3.5. 2, the methods of descriptive statistics, Cronbach’s alpha and Macdonald’s omega coefficients, Spearman’s rank correlation analysis and Wilcoxon’s T -test were used. The findings of our research showed that FLP is most closely related to Openness in linguistics students and to Conscientiousness in non-linguistics students. These facts should be taken into account by the developers of programmes for psychological and pedagogical support of the FL learning process in Russian universities.
INVESTIGATION OF CHANGES IN CLIMATE DATA USING CHECKERBOARD: THE CASE OF AKARÇAY BASIN

Water resources planning requires very good data set and accurate analyses, one of which is a trend identification procedure. Different trend analyses are available in the literature and one of the most commonly used one is the Mann-Kendall trend analysis. The biggest problem of this analysis is that trends change with the selection of different time periods. Although many researchers have tried to find different solutions to this problem, in this study, trends are set for all combinations of the available data to cover at least 10-year periods and the results are displayed on a 3-dimensional checkerboard. For the application precipitation and temperature data are considered from 5 meteorology stations in the Akarçay, Turkey.
Parasitic Diseases of Mammals (Wild)-II: Arthropod Infestations ; Memelilerin (Yabani) Paraziter Hastalıkları-II: Artropod Enfestasyonları

Bu derlemede yabani memelilerin paraziter hastaliklari icerisinde yer alan artropod enfestasyonlari ele alinmistir. Bu kapsamda Phthiraptera, Diptera (Culicidae, Ceratapogonidae, Psychodidae, Simuliidae, Tabanidae, Rhogionidae, Anthericidae, Oestiridae, Cyclorrhapha), Ixodidae, Argasidae ve uyuza sebep olan bazi akarlarin yol actigi artropod enfestasyonlari konularinda bilgiler verilmistir
Polanyi meets Bolsonaro: Reactionary politics and the double movement in twenty-first-century Brazil

Twenty-first-century Brazil’s political evolution is a window on the dynamics of contemporary political transitions. The inability of Brazil’s Workers’ Party to sustain its social democratic project and the subsequent rise of the reactionary regime of Jair Bolsonaro are, in turn, part of a global pattern of political change. Karl Polanyi’s vision of the ‘double movement,’ in which the dominance of the market vies with the countervailing movement for social protection, offers an analytical springboard for reflecting on these political transitions. Trying to understand the movement for social protection leads to examining ebbs and flows in the momentum of mobilization. Trying to understand how market dominance leads to reaction brings us back to Polanyi’s advocacy of ‘crass materialism’ as a lens for looking at reaction, and from there to consideration of how the structural power of capital undercuts efforts at social protection and opens the door to reaction.
Sensory acceptance of beef from crossbred animals.

Sensory attributes of beef are very important in consumer’s point of view, mainly regarding to its tenderness and flavour. Crossbreeding of two or more breeds from Bos taurus and Bos indicus species is an alternative for obtaining high quality meat from adapted animals to tropical climates. This study aimed to evaluate the sensory acceptance of crossbred heifers and steers from Canchim, Braunvieh or Hereford bulls and 1/2 Angus x 1/2 Nellore, 1/2 Senepol x 1/2 Nellore or Nellore cows. Flavour, texture and overall acceptance were evaluated. Beef of heifers from Hereford x 1/2 Senepol + 1/2 Nellore crossbreed showed the highest values (p<0.05) for flavour, texture and overall acceptance.
Neurobiological limits and the somatic significance of love: Caregivers’ engagements with neuroscience in Scottish parenting programmes

While parents have long received guidance on how to raise children, a relatively new element of this involves explicit references to infant brain development, drawing on brain scans and neuroscientific knowledge. Sometimes called ‘brain-based parenting’, this has been criticised from within sociological and policy circles alike. However, the engagement of parents themselves with neuroscientific concepts is far less researched. Drawing on 22 interviews with parents/carers of children (mostly aged 0–7) living in Scotland, this article examines how they account for their (non-)use of concepts and understandings relating to neuroscience. Three normative tropes were salient: information about children’s processing speed, evidence about deprived Romanian orphans in the 1990s, and ideas relating to whether or not children should ‘self-settle’ when falling asleep. We interrogate how parents reflexively weigh and judge such understandings and ideas. In some cases, neuroscientific knowledge was enrolled by parents in ways that supported biologically reductionist models of childhood agency. This reductionism commonly had generative effects, enjoining new care practices and producing particular parent and infant subjectivities. Notably, parents do not uncritically adopt or accept (sometimes reductionist) neurobiological and/or psychological knowledge; rather, they reflect on whether and when it is applicable to and relevant for raising their children. Thus, our respondents draw on everyday epistemologies of parenting to negotiate brain-based understandings of infant development and behaviour, and invest meaning in these in ways that cannot be fully anticipated (or appreciated) within straightforward celebrations or critiques of the content of parenting programmes drawing on neuropsychological ideas.
Modelling the impact of gas-phase pyruvic acid on acetaldehyde and
peroxy radical formation in the boreal forest

Abstract. Based on the first measurements of gas-phase pyruvic acid (CH3C(O)C(O)OH) in the boreal forest, we derive effective emission rates of pyruvic acid and compare them with monoterpene emission rates over the diel cycle. Using a data-constrained box-model, we determine the impact of pyruvic acid photolysis on the formation of acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) and the peroxy radicals CH3C(O)O2, CH3O2 and HO2 during an autumn (IBAIRN) and summer (HUMPPA) campaign at the same site. The results are dependent on the photodissociation mechanism of pyruvic acid and we examine different scenarios in which the main photolysis products are either acetaldehyde or the CH3C(O)O2 radical, with different overall quantum yields. If CH3CHO is taken to be the main product (as presently recommended by evaluation panels) we find that pyruvic acid photolysis can be a dominant source of this aldehyde in the boreal forest with a contribution of 79 % (IBAIRN) and 94 % (HUMPPA) and may help explain the high acetaldehyde levels observed during HUMPPA. On the other hand, if photolysis leads mainly to the formation of radicals, the emission of pyruvic acid has a profound impact on the rates of formation of peroxy radicals (with a contribution of ~20–50 %) and shifts the onset of radical production to earlier in the morning when actinic flux is dominated by wavelengths that are too long to initiate efficient ozone photolysis but which are absorbed by pyruvic acid.
Psychoanalytic training in the Eitingon model and its controversies: A way forward

ABSTRACT Psychoanalytic training has been an object of controversy for many years. Arguments have been intense about the details, sometimes called “requirements”, and particularly over whether or not training institutes should have routine external validation. We describe these arguments and present preliminary conclusions about the core challenges psychoanalytic trainings face using a unique set of detailed observations collected during structured “conversations” inside nine European institutes. We conclude that whether a psychoanalytic training is “working” is not a matter of compliance with requirements. Rather, it is an issue of how candidates, training analysts, supervisors and committee members, confront within and between each other the consequences of the unconscious dynamics that psychoanalytic training must inevitably create. Institutional psychoanalytic capacity is to take itself as the object. Consequentially, we propose that training committees that seek to claim that their psychoanalytic training is genuinely and safely producing psychoanalysts would be ones that institute routine procedures to show to themselves, transparently, how they attend to the dynamics just mentioned and how they take a neutral inquisitive stance towards them. Fear of oversight, we suggest, is a symptom of deeper anxieties. They can be faced by creating an appropriate setting. Properly conducted visits from outsiders are welcomed. Video Abstract Read the transcript Watch the video on Vimeo
The Online Experience of Luxury Consumers: Insight into Motives and Reservations

Several research efforts provide insight into the corporate online strategies of luxury brands. However, little research has focused on how consumers perceive the luxury online experience. This research aims to understand the underlying motivations and reservations towards online luxury purchase. The perceived online experience of luxury consumers is examined within the framework of the functional theory of attitudes, rooted in the work of Katz (1960) and Shavitt (1989). An exploratory approach yielded a typology of five motivations: independent browsing, personalized communication, accessibility, and convenience; and three reservations: purchase of unfamiliar brands, lack of spontaneity and uninspiring online retail environments. This research contributes a much needed consumer perspective of luxury online retail to the existing literature. The findings have resulted in a comprehensive understanding of the online shopping luxury experience. Theoretically, the findings support the functional theory of attitudes and the influence of both hedonic and utilitarian dimensions on the online luxury experience. More practically, this work shows that recognition of the underlying motivations and reservations of online luxury consumers informs marketers and brand managers on how to adapt their online presence and initiatives.
The pharmacology and clinical efficacy of matricaria recutita L.: a systematic review of in vitro, in vivo studies and clinical trials

ABSTRACT This systematic review shows the effectiveness of Matricaria chamomilla for improving health. Original papers and case reports published during 2014–2018 in PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus were included. Most studies were in vitro, performed with extracts, in 2018, and originated from Iran. In vitro assays focused mainly on antimicrobial, antiparasitic and antioxidant activities. In vivo studies specially investigated organ and tissue protective activity of chamomile. Clinical trials have validated some of these in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities (diabetes mellitus, hypertension and pain). Future preclinical and clinical investigations should be aimed at deeping into pure compounds responsible for activities.
RBPSponge: genome-wide identification of lncRNAs that sponge RBPs

Summary Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can act as molecular sponges or decoys for an RNA-binding protein (RBP) through their RBP binding sites, thereby modulating the expression of all target genes of the corresponding RBP of interest. Here, we present a web tool named RBPSponge to explore lncRNAs based on their potential to act as a sponge for an RBP of interest. RBPSponge identifies the occurrences of RBP binding sites and CLIP peaks on lncRNAs, and enables users to run statistical analyses to investigate the regulatory network between lncRNAs, RBPs and targets of RBPs. Availability The web server is available at https://www.RBPSponge. com Contact hilal.kazan@antalya.edu. tr