Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Versatile and Rapidly Deployable Device to Enable Spatiotemporal Observations of the Sessile Microbes and Environmental Surfaces

Although microbes typically associate with surfaces, detailed observations of surface-associated microbes on natural substrata are technically challenging. We herein introduce a flow channel device named the Stickable Flow Device, which is easily configurable and deployable on various surfaces for the microscopic imaging of environmental microbes. We demonstrated the utility of this device by creating a flow channel on different types of surfaces including live leaves. This device enables the real-time imaging of bacterial biofilms and their substrata. The Stickable Flow Device expands the limits of conventional real-time imaging systems, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of microbe-surface interactions on various surfaces.
Form and function of dorsal horn neurones with axons ascending the dorsal columns in cat.

1. Extracellular and intracellular recordings were made from dorsal horn neurones sending their axons through the dorsal columns in cats anaesthetized with chloralose and paralysed with gallamine triethiodide. 2. Seventeen neurones were injected with horseradish peroxidase through the intracellular micro‐electrode, recovered from the histological material and shown to send their axons into the dorsal columns. 3. The cells had axonal conduction velocities of 30‐‐47 ms‐1; excitatory receptive fields that usually showed multireceptive characteristics, often including input from sensitive mechanoreceptors in glabrous skin; a third of the sample had a marked subliminal fringe to the excitatory field; inhibitory fields were usually situated proximal to the excitatory field and contiguous with it. 4. The cells were located in laminae III, IV and medial V. Dorsal cells had restricted dendritic trees that ascended in an essentially cylindrical volume of tissue through lamina II and often into I; cells intermediate in depth had more primary dendrites than the others, usually dorsally directed into lamina II, and a more extensive rostro‐caudal development; deep, medial cells had dendritic trees that radiated extensively from the cell body but were restricted to the transverse plane. Two cells had axons that ascended the dorsolateral funiculus for a few mm before re‐entering the dorsal horn, crossing it and reaching the dorsal columns. Collaterals were given off the axons in the grey matter, in the dorsolateral funiculus and the dorsal columns. 5. The form and function of the neurones are discussed.
Use of malaria prevention measures by North American and European travelers to East Africa.

BACKGROUND The use of preventive measures, including effective chemoprophylaxis, is essential for protection against malaria among travelers. However, data have shown that travelers and medical advisors are confused by the lack of uniform recommendations and numerous prophylactic regimens of varying effectiveness that are used. METHODS To assess the use and type of preventive measures against malaria, we conducted a cross-sectional study in 1997 among travelers departing from the Nairobi and Mombasa airports in Kenya with European destinations. RESULTS Seventy-five percent of the travelers studied were residents of Europe and 25% were residents of North America; all stayed less than 1 year, and visited malarious areas. Most travelers, 97.1%, were aware of the risk and 91.3% sought pretravel medical advice. Although 95.4% used chemoprophylaxis and/or antimosquito measures, only 61.7% used both regular chemoprophylaxis and two or more antimosquito measures. Compliance with chemoprophylaxis was lowest amongst those who used a drug with a daily, as opposed to, a weekly dosing schedule, stayed more than 1 month, attributed an adverse health event to the chemoprophylaxis, and were less than 40 years of age. Among US travelers, 94.6% of those taking chemoprophylaxis were taking an effective regimen, that is, mefloquine or doxycycline. Only 1.9% used a suboptimal drug regimen, such as chloroquine/proguanil. Among European travelers, 69% used mefloquine or doxycycline, and 25% used chloroquine/proguanil. Notably, 45.3% of travelers from the UK used chloroquine/proguanil. Adverse events were noted by 19.7% of mefloquine users and 16.4% of travelers taking chloroquine/proguanil. Neuropsychologic adverse events were reported by 7.8% of users of mefloquine and 1.9% of those taking chloroquine/proguanil. The adverse events, however, had a lesser impact on compliance than frequent dosing schedule. CONCLUSIONS Health information should be targeted to travelers who are likely to use suboptimal chemoprophylaxis or may be noncompliant with prophylaxis. Uniform recommendations for effective chemoprophylaxis with simple dosing schedules are necessary to reduce rates of malaria among travelers to Africa.
Hydrocortisone with or without mitoxantrone in men with hormone-refractory prostate cancer: results of the cancer and leukemia group B 9182 study.

PURPOSE Approximately 40,000 men die each year of hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). The results of treatment with chemotherapy have been disappointing to date, with no trials demonstrating a benefit with respect to survival duration. Corticosteroids and mitoxantrone each have been shown to be active agents in this disease. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate an advantage of mitoxantrone and hydrocortisone (M+H) over hydrocortisone alone with respect to survival duration. PATIENTS AND METHODS Two hundred forty-two patients with HRPC were randomized to receive either M+H or hydrocortisone alone. Patients were monitored for survival, time to disease progression, time to treatment failure, response, and quality-of-life (QOL) parameters. RESULTS Treatment in both arms was well tolerated. Although there was a delay in time to treatment failure and disease progression in favor of M+H over hydrocortisone alone, there was no difference in overall survival (12.3 months for M+H v 12.6 months for hydrocortisone alone). There was an indication that QOL was better with M+H, in particular with respect to pain control. CONCLUSION M+H generated more frequent responses and a delay in both time to treatment failure and disease progression compared with hydrocortisone alone. In addition, there was a possible benefit of M+H with respect to pain control over hydrocortisone alone. No improvement in survival was observed. Although M+H could be viewed as a palliative option for patients with HRPC, new drugs and novel strategies are needed to improve survival for this disease.
'You have to face your mistakes in the street': the contextual keys that shape health service access and health workers' experiences in rural areas.

INTRODUCTION Rural healthcare provision is limited in many areas because of workforce recruitment and retention issues. Pharmacists and social workers are examples of allied health professionals who play vital roles in the provision of rural health care. Personal factors including an individual's fit with a local community and their professional role were explored to determine the way they affect access to rural health care. DESIGN Accidental sampling then 11 qualitative interviews with pharmacists and social workers. SETTING Six rural communities with populations less than 5000, New South Wales, Australia. METHODOLOGY Deductive and inductive analysis of data. RESULTS Exploration of health work in small rural towns identified that participants' work and personal experiences are affected by their professional role and associated tasks, and by the way the community perceives that role. Social workers are likely to provide outreach or visiting services and use different professional networks than pharmacists. Social workers tend to perceive their client's problems as related to poverty and rural decline with limited options for successful intervention through the health system. Pharmacists are confident in their role as treatment providers and have a thorough knowledge of their own community, although they use a limited range of other local healthcare providers, tending to rely on doctors. Access to healthcare services is affected by organisational strategies to manage demand on services, privacy and confidentiality and the community's perception of the effectiveness of the service and the individual worker. Local knowledge and local context shaped the services pharmacists and social workers provided, and the way they managed their personal and professional activities in a small community. CONCLUSION Access to rural health services is affected by an individual's concerns about privacy and confidentiality, by the reputation of the healthcare worker and by the value system of the health worker. Different professions use different networks of health care, subsequently approaching rural social conditions and their related problems from diverse perspectives. This influences the health worker's experience of effectiveness in their professional role and the way they manage their high degree of visibility in small communities. IMPLICATIONS The need for a systematic evaluation of health service access emphasising the particular aspects of local rural context is highlighted. Such a work should include investigation of multidisciplinary models of service provision. This will optimise the range of health care available to small rural communities.
Early diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis in female patients who undergo total knee arthroplasty with measurement of P-selectin activation.

BACKGROUND Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) remains a leading cause of postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients who undergo total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Although patients with previous thrombotic episodes are inherently at a higher risk for subsequent episodes of DVT, it remains difficult to predict such an occurrence and to make a diagnosis in early stages. One potentially useful assay that can be used in the determination of changes of coagulation among patients who undergo arthroplasty is platelet activation. The goal of this study was to establish a predictive value for DVT with measurement of P-selectin levels that could help in planning appropriate perioperative management strategies for patients at high risk for DVT. METHODS A total of 52 patients who underwent TKA with general anesthesia underwent contrast venography on the 5th postoperative day. Platelet activation before and after operation was measured with platelet surface expression of P-selectin with flow cytometry in these two groups of patients for TKA. None of the patients underwent any anticoagulation therapy. RESULTS Nineteen of the 52 patients for TKA showed radiologic evidence of DVT, whereas 33 patients for TKA had no radiologic signs of DVT. There was no difference in platelet activation at baseline, which was 1 hour before induction of anesthesia, between the two groups (P >.05) as measured with P-selectin assays. Differences were noted between the two groups on the 5th day after operation, wherein P-selectin was expressed in only 2.72% +/- 0.9% (mean +/- standard deviation) of platelets in patients for TKA with healthy venogram results. This differed significantly from platelets in patients for TKA with DVT, who had P-selectin expression of 6.56% +/- 3.1% (mean +/- standard deviation; P <.01). Sensitivity for the diagnosis of DVT with P-selectin assay was calculated to be 74%, and specificity was found to be 94%. CONCLUSION The findings showed that radiologically confirmed DVT in patients for TKA surgery with general anesthesia is associated with an elevated number of activated platelets. Perioperative assessment of P-selectin may predict the early onset of DVT in patients who undergo high risk surgical procedures like TKA. This laboratory assay may help prevent the occurrence of the fatal events caused by DVT with use of early therapeutic intervention, such as heparinization.
INTEGRACIÓN DE BÚSQUEDAS DE TEXTO COMPLETO EN BASES DE DATOS NOSQL

El desarrollo y crecimiento masivo de las redes de computadoras y medios de almacenamiento, a lo largo de los ultimos anos, ha motivado la aparicion de un creciente interes por los sistemas de clasificacion automatica de documentos. Las bases de datos tradicionales tienen limitaciones a la hora de indexar y realizar busquedas en tiempo real sobre grandes volumenes de datos. De hecho, de un poco a esta parte se ha creado una tendencia en lo que es la busqueda en tiempo real a migrar de bases de datos relacionales a sistemas de indices invertidos. Por tal motivo en este trabajo se pretende usar una arquitectura de busqueda que se basa en un indice invertido altamente eficiente en una base de datos NoSQL.
Measuring the Effectiveness of Various Features for Thematic Information Extraction From Very High Resolution Remote Sensing Imagery

Generally, some object-based features are more relevant to a thematic class than other features. These strongly relevant features, termed as class-specific features, would significantly contribute to thematic information extraction for very high resolution (VHR) images. However, many existing feature selection methods have been designed to select a good feature subset for all classes, rather than an independent feature subset for the thematic class. The latter might better meet the requirement of thematic information extraction than the former. In addition, the lack of quantitative evaluation of the contribution of the selected features to thematic classes also weakens our understandability of these features. To address the problems, class-specific feature selection methods are developed to measure the effectiveness of features for extracting thematic information from VHR images. First, the one-versus-all scheme is combined with traditional feature selection methods, such as ReliefF and LeastC. Also, one-versus-one scheme is utilized for alleviating the negative impact of a class imbalance problem arising from the one-versus-all scheme. Then, the relative contributions of features to thematic classes are obtained by the class-specific feature selection methods to describe the effectiveness of features for thematic information extraction. Finally, the class-specific feature selection methods are compared with the original methods on three different VHR image data sets by the nearest neighbor and support vector machine. Experimental results show that the class-specific feature selection methods outperform the corresponding conventional methods, and the one-versus-one scheme surpasses one-versus-all scheme. Additionally, many features are evaluated by the class-specific feature selection methods, to provide end users advice on effectiveness of the features.
RGB and depth intra-frame Cross-Compression for low bandwidth 3D video

With the recent explosion in the development of multimedia hardware capable of 3D display, 3D Picture Coding Systems have assumed a pivotal role. While encoding techniques for stereo-scopic images is a well researched topic and compression standards such as MPEG provide variants to support it, compression of RGB-D data such as from the Microsoft Kinect sensor offers a number of unsolved challenges. Projected texture based active sensors such as the Kinect offer a number of advantages in comparison with traditional 3D capture systems. While not affecting the visible spectrum of the scene these sensors are capable of producing highly accurate 3D reconstructions of complex scenes (as well as novel viewpoints) - even those with homogeneous surfaces lacking textural features that form the foundation of stereoscopic range measurement systems. Conventional approaches to compressing the RGB and D images separately are suboptimal in terms of compression efficiency, bandwidth usage and scalability. On the other hand, state-of-the-art methods in the field are not suitable for low bandwidth applications, typical of mobile phone devices, on-field civilian and defense robotic systems, especially those operating on unreliable or high-loss wireless networks. In order to address these concerns, we present a novel RGB-D Cross-Compression algorithm that can be used for static 3D scene reconstruction as well as intra-frame coding of 3D videos. The algorithm detects salient edge-like structures in RGB and D images and perform cross-coding across the modalities to yield a scalable system for 3D video coding. Results presented using the Microsoft Ballet and Breakdancers test sequences demonstrate the efficiency of the system in terms of compression rate, reconstruction quality and rate-distortion characteristics. The scalability of the approach also makes it well suited for mobile and wireless applications.
Correlates of physical activity behaviours in young Iranian girls.

BACKGROUND This study examined the relationship among motor skill competence, perceived motor competence (PMC), health-related physical fitness and physical activity in 8-9-year-old Iranian girls (n = 352). METHODS Locomotor and object control motor skill competence was assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development - 2nd edition. PMC was assessed using the Physical Ability subscale of Marsh's Self-Description Questionnaire-1. Health-related physical fitness was measured with body mass index, the 600 yard run/walk, curl-ups, push-ups, and back-saver sit and reach tests. Children's physical activity was assessed using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children. RESULTS Regression analysis revealed that locomotor proficiency, aerobic fitness and PMC accounted for 56% (P < .001) of variance associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. CONCLUSION The findings warrant future investigations that examine interventions that focus on motor skill and perceived competence along with aerobic fitness to promote physical activity in girls.
Trends in induced abortions between 1975 and 2000 in a cohort of women born in 1960–64 in four Scandinavian countries

Objectives To study induced abortion rates, live birth rates, and proportions between the number of induced abortions and live births during a 25-year period in a cohort of Scandinavian women born 1960–1964. Method The numbers of abortions and live births in a cohort of women in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden who were 15–19 years old in 1975 were retrieved from official statistics for 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995 and 2000, when these women had turned 40 to 44 years of age. Results Women in each country, who were 15–19 years old in 1975, maintained their original behaviour regarding induced abortion throughout their fertile period. Women in Denmark and Sweden, who had the highest rates of induced abortion in 1975, still had higher rates than women in Norway and Finland in 2000 when aged 40–44. Conclusion Behaviour and attitudes established at a young age seem to remain unchanged over time. This finding indicates that guidance and education of youths concerning reproductive matters may be decisive in shaping behaviour for most of the fertile period.
Segmentación de contornos celulares utilizando estimadores fractales

La segmentacion en imagenes biologicas es de importancia crucial para la determinacion de descriptores que permitan, entre otras cosas, elaborar modelos de diversos procesos biologicos, cotejar parametros en dichos modelos, y proponer o rebatir teoŕias. Sin embargo, el proceso de segmentacion de la informacion necesaria para el computo de los descriptores es casi siempre un proceso asistido, dado que la calidad de las imagenes que se pueden generar con la tecnoloǵia actual de microscoṕia clasica, adolecen de defectos que impiden el uso adecuado de tecnicas de segmentacion autonoma. En este trabajo se propone el uso de la dimension fractal box (FBD) como descriptor local, para la segmentacion de imagenes de microscoṕia de la piel de embriones de anfibios en las que, usando tecnicas de imnunofluorescencia, se ha marcado E-Cadherina, una molecula de adhesion celular, expresada en membranas celulares y responsable de la adhesion dependiente de Ca+. El proposito del presente trabajo fue elaborar un workflow de procesamiento para ser aplicado sin supervision a un grupo no determinado de imagenes de la misma naturaleza, de las que se intenta extraer la informacion requerida para los propositos de caracterizacion y eventual cuantificacion.
Intracellular recycling and cross‐presentation by MHC class I molecules

Cross‐presentation of internalized antigens by dendritic cells requires efficient delivery of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I molecules to peptide‐loading compartments. Strong evidence suggests that such loading can occur outside of the endoplasmic reticulum; however, the trafficking pathways and sources of class I molecules involved are poorly understood. Examination of non‐professional, non‐phagocytic cells has revealed a clathrin‐independent, Arf6‐dependent recycling pathway likely traveled by internalized optimally loaded (closed) class I molecules. Some closed and all open MHC class I molecules travel to late endosomes to be degraded but might also partly be re‐loaded with peptides and recycled. Studies of viral interference revealed pathways in which class I molecules are directed to degradation in lysosomes upon ubiquitination at the surface, or upon AP‐1 and HIV‐nef‐dependent misrouting from the Golgi network to lysosomes. While many observations made in non‐professional cells remain to be re‐examined in dendritic cells, available evidence suggests that both recycling and neo‐synthesized class I molecules can be loaded with cross‐presented peptides. Recycling molecules can be recruited to phagosomes triggered by innate signals such as TLR4 ligands, and may therefore specialize in loading with phagocytosed antigens. In contrast, AP‐1‐dependent accumulation at, or trafficking through, a Golgi compartment of newly synthesized molecules appears to be important for cross‐presentation of soluble proteins and possibly of long peptides that are processed in the so‐called vacuolar pathway. However, significant cell biological work will be required to confirm this or any other model and to integrate knowledge on MHC class I biochemistry and trafficking in models of CD8+ T‐cell priming by dendritic cells.