Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Impact of Label Granularity on CNN-Based Image Classification

In recent years, supervised learning using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) has achieved great success in image classification tasks, and large scale labeled datasets have contributed significantly to this achievement. However, the definition of a label is often application dependent. For example, an image of a cat can be labeled as "cat" or perhaps more specifically "Persian cat. " We refer to this as label granularity. In this paper, we conduct extensive experiments using various datasets to demonstrate and analyze how and why training based on fine-grain labeling, such as "Persian cat" can improve CNN accuracy on classifying coarse-grain classes, in this case "cat. " The experimental results show that training CNNs with fine-grain labels improves both network's optimization and generalization capabilities, as intuitively it encourages the network to learn more features, and hence increases classification accuracy on coarse-grain classes under all datasets considered. Moreover, fine-grain labels enhance data efficiency in CNN training. For example, a CNN trained with fine-grain labels and only 40% of the total training data can achieve higher accuracy than a CNN trained with the full training dataset and coarse-grain labels. These results point to two possible applications of this work: (i) with sufficient human resources, one can improve CNN performance by re-labeling the dataset with fine-grain labels, and (ii) with limited human resources, to improve CNN performance, rather than collecting more training data, one may instead use fine-grain labels for the dataset. We also observe that the improvement brought by fine-grain labeling varies from dataset to dataset, therefore we further propose a metric called Average Confusion Ratio to characterize the effectiveness of fine-grain labeling, and show its use through extensive experimentation. Code is available at https://github.com/cmu-enyac/Label-Granularity.
Unifying the Brascamp-Lieb Inequality and the Entropy Power Inequality

The entropy power inequality (EPI) and the Brascamp-Lieb inequality (BLI) are fundamental inequalities concerning the differential entropies of linear transformations of random vectors. The EPI provides lower bounds for the differential entropy of linear transformations of random vectors with independent components. The BLI, on the other hand, provides upper bounds on the differential entropy of a random vector in terms of the differential entropies of some of its linear transformations. In this paper, we define a family of entropy functionals, which we show are subadditive. We then establish that Gaussians are extremal for these functionals by mimicking the idea in Geng and Nair (2014). As a consequence, we obtain a new entropy inequality that generalizes both the BLI and EPI. By considering a variety of independence relations among the components of the random vectors appearing in these functionals, we also obtain families of inequalities that lie between the EPI and the BLI.
Fast and Robust Shortest Paths on Manifolds Learned from Data

We propose a fast, simple and robust algorithm for computing shortest paths and distances on Riemannian manifolds learned from data. This amounts to solving a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) subject to boundary conditions. Here standard solvers perform poorly because they require well-behaved Jacobians of the ODE, and usually, manifolds learned from data imply unstable and ill-conditioned Jacobians. Instead, we propose a fixed-point iteration scheme for solving the ODE that avoids Jacobians. This enhances the stability of the solver, while reduces the computational cost. In experiments involving both Riemannian metric learning and deep generative models we demonstrate significant improvements in speed and stability over both general-purpose state-of-the-art solvers as well as over specialized solvers.
Simulating Brain Signals: Creating Synthetic EEG Data via Neural-Based Generative Models for Improved SSVEP Classification

Despite significant recent progress in the area of Brain-Computer Interface (BCI), there are numerous shortcomings associated with collecting Electroencephalography (EEG) signals in real-world environments. These include, but are not limited to, subject and session data variance, long and arduous calibration processes and predictive generalisation issues across different subjects or sessions. This implies that many downstream applications, including Steady State Visual Evoked Potential (SSVEP) based classification systems, can suffer from a shortage of reliable data. Generating meaningful and realistic synthetic data can therefore be of significant value in circumventing this problem. We explore the use of modern neural-based generative models trained on a limited quantity of EEG data collected from different subjects to generate supplementary synthetic EEG signal vectors, subsequently utilised to train an SSVEP classifier. Extensive experimental analysis demonstrates the efficacy of our generated data, leading to improvements across a variety of evaluations, with the crucial task of cross-subject generalisation improving by over 35% with the use of such synthetic data.
INVESTIGACIÓN NEUROPSICOLÓGICA EN EL TRASTORNO DE ANSIEDAD GENERALIZADA

El presente trabajo es una revision bibliografica que tiene por objetivo dar cuenta del estado del arte en relacion a la investigacion neuropsicologica en el Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizada (TAG). Se analizan trabajos en torno a la Atencion, la Memoria y las Funciones Ejecutivas, a la vez que discuten las dificultades e implicancias en el estudio de estas variables en torno al TAG. A su vez se destaca en la revision, que ciertos aspectos del funcionamiento neuropsicologico como ser las Funciones Ejecutivas no han sido investigados bastamente. Por ultimo, se resalta la importancia de sumar a la practica psicoterapeutica los hallazgos neuropsicologicos a fin de favorecer tanto la prevencion del TAG, como una mejor atencion de aquellas personas que cumplan sus criterios diagnosticos. Palabras Clave Neuropsicologia TAG Psicoterapia Ansiedad Abstract NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER This paper is a literature review that aims to present the state of knowledge on the neuropsychological research in GeneralizedAnxiety Disorder (GAD). The works are analyzed around Attention, Memory and Executive Functions, and the difficulties and implications in the study of these variables around the TAG are discussed. At the same time, the literature review shows that certain aspects of the neuropsychological functioning, such as executive functions, have not been vastly investigated. Finally, the relevance of adding the neuropsychological findings to the psychotherapeutic practice is emphasized, in order to promote prevention and a better care for those who have been diagnosed with TAG. Key Words Neuropsychology GAD Psychotherapy Axiety
A Semantic based P2P Personal Knowledge Sharing Model

Knowledge sharing in virtual organization requires decentralized knowledge management. In this paper, a personal knowledge sharing ontology model based on user preferences and P2P network is proposed to implement a virtual organization. Based on the model, the algorithms of query message routing and personal knowledge updating are created by using the so called small world theory. It is shown, through experimental evaluation, that the model and its algorithm can efficiently support the searching and updating personal knowledge functionalities in the P2P network
Defragmenting the Health Care System in Mexico: Universal Access For Obstetric Emergencies

Background and Objectives: This article aims to analyze how the needs of Mexican women requiring emergency obstetric care (EmOC) can be fully met through initiatives such as the General Agreement on Inter-Institutional Collaboration for Emergency Obstetric Care (the Agreement). We compared EmOCaccredited facilities operating under the Agreement with facilities outside the Agreement which, although not accredited, provide their affiliates with EmOC services. Methods: Based on an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional design, we analyzed the Agreement interinstitutional strategy within four different scenarios in order to verify whether Mexico was in compliance with United Nations (UN) recommendations on EmOC availability: five facilities, with at least one offering comprehensive services, per 500,000 inhabitants. Results: Taking into account all facilities in the Mexican health care system, we found that Mexico offered 75% of the required facilities and was therefore 25% short of compliance. According to data on hospital discharges, 734 438 cases of obstetric emergencies (OEs) were registered in Mexico in 2013, the vast majority of which were assisted by facilities unaccredited for that function. Meanwhile, the 466 accredited facilities, all operating under the Agreement, served a negligible proportion (0.07%) of these patients. Conclusion and Implications For Translation: The Agreement would undoubtedly reach its potential as a vehicle for universal EmOC coverage were its field of action not restricted to such a small number of services for women. The Mexican health care system is faced with the double challenge of increasing institutional coverage and upgrading installed EmOC infrastructure. Key words: • Medical emergency services • Mexico, Medical assistance • Hospitalization • Health regulation • Agreements. Copyright © 2020 Ramírez-Rojas et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work which is published in this journal is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial.
En författarcociteringsanalys av forskningsfältet socialpsykologi

The aim of this thesis is to use the bibliometric method author cocitation analysis (ACA) and investigate the cognitive structure in a research field, which is called the intellectual base. The research field in this investigation is social psychology. The main question is: what is the nature of the cognitive structure, which contains of the intellectual base. This question is divided in two sub questions: • Which are the most prominent authors in the research field? • Which sub areas, based on groups of the most cocited authors in the research field, can be identified? An investigation with ACA is used to describe the general experience of consensus of later authors in a research field. It is assumed that if two authors are cited cumulatively together (cocited), it’s an indication of an intellectual relationship between them. The investigation is made by gathering data from ISI’s database SSCI from the period 1999-2007. The authors with most cocitations in the field during this period were identified and considered the most prominent authors in the field. These author cocitation frequencies were analysed with MDS-techniques and visualised in a map in two dimensions. Three sub areas of the research field were then identified, based on groups of authors on the map and their subject matter: Sub area 1: Theories about social cognition Sub area 2: Theories about emotions and social influence Sub area 3: Theories about characteristic feature (trait) Nyckelord: bibliometri, cociteringsanalys, citeringsanalys, socialpsykologi, vetenskaplig kommunikation Innehållsförteckning 1. Inledning.1 1.1. Syfte och frågeställningar. 1 1.2. Avgränsningar. 2 1.3. Begreppsdefinitioner.2 1.4. Disposition.5 2. Teoretisk bakgrund.6 2.1. Bibliometri.6 2.2. Vetenskaplig kommunikation.8 2.2.1. Citeringars betydelse.9 2.2.1.1. ISI:s citeringsdatabaser.12 2.3. Citeringsanalys.15 2.3.1. Cociteringsanalys.16 2.3. 2. Begränsningar med citeringsanalys.19 2.3. 2.1. Tekniska begränsningar med citeringsanalys.19 2.3. 2.2. Teoretiska begränsningar med citeringsanalys.20 2.4. Beskrivning av forskningsfältet socialpsykologi.22 3. Tidigare forskning.24 3.1. Tidigare forskning inom ACA.24 4. Metod.28 4.1. Beskrivning av verktyg.28 4.1.1. Data och matris.28 4.1.2. Likhetsmått – Pearsons r.29 4.1.3. Multivariat analys.31 4.1.4. MDS.31 4.1. 5. Bibexcel.34 4.2. Redovisning av användningen av ACA i denna studie.34 4.2.1. Datainsamling.34 4.2.2. Bearbetning av data.35 4.3. Tolkning och validering.36 5. Resultat.37 5.1. Redovisning av matris och MDS-karta.37 6. Analys och diskussion.42 6.1. Analys och diskussion kring matris och MDS-karta.42 7. Slutsatser.48 7.1. Slutsatser.48 7.2. Förslag på vidare forskning.49 8. Sammanfattning.51 Referenser.53
Prevalence of positivity of CBNAAT(cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test) in extra-pulmonary tuberculosis.

Original Research Article Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a key challenge in the face of global public health and inadequate diagnostic assays have hampered our chances to tackle this disease effectively. The Gene X-pert MTB/RIF assay marks an important development in the field of rapid molecular TB diagnostics. This study was done to see the prevalence of gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay and drug resistant tuberculosis in extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Material and methods: The 300 samples of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis constituting pleural fluid, pus, CSF, lymph tissue, peritoneal fluid diagnosed on the basis of clinico radiological and/or histopathological findings were sent for gene Xpert MTB/RIF. Results: Maximum number of patients in our study are tubercular pleural effusion (67.7%) followed by tubercular lymphadenitis, empyema, Cerebrospinal fluid, ascitic fluid and pericardial fluid. Mtb had been detected in pleural effusion (13.8%), lymphadenitis (60.3%), empyema (44.4%) and ascitic fluid (11.1%). 16.7% cases were diagnosed as multi drug resistant –extrapulmonary tuberculosis (MDR-EPTB). Conclusion: Gene Xpert assays a more sensitive technique as compared to conventional methods. The Gene X-pert MTB/RIF assay marks an important development in the field of rapid molecular TB diagnostics.
Improving Graphical User Interface (GUI) Design Using the Complete Interaction Sequence (CIS) Testing Method

by BENEDICT JOHN JAKUBEN This thesis involves designing and implementing a complex GUI system using a drag-and-drop GUI tool, followed by modeling the system as a set of finite state models (FSMs) to be used as the basis for developing a suite of design and implementation tests using the concept of complete interaction sequences (CIS). The next step is identify new transitions within the FSMs corresponding to implementation tests that were not also design tests, together with defects and surprises only detected by this subset of implementation tests. These additional transitions and their associated faults (sum of defects and surprises) are then analyzed to determine the root cause of how and when they were introduced into the system and whether or not they are due to the GUI tool used to produce the GUI code. Suggestions are given on how to prevent this unintended behavior introduced by the GUI tool, not the GUI design.
Design of Power System Stabilizer (PSS) to Enhance Power System Stability in Power System

Abstract—The Power system is a Dynamic and highly integrated system and it is being continuously subjected to disturbances. The disturbances may be having frequency range of 0.2 to 3.0 Hz. These low frequency oscillations cause a loss of synchronism and eventual breakdown of the entire system. The used of PSS has become very common in operation of large electric power system. Power system stabilizer are used to generate supplementary control signal for the excitation system in order to damp the low frequency oscillation. The traditional solution of this problem is application of conventional Power system stabilizer. The CPSS which use Dynamic compensator where gain setting design for the specific operating conditions is giving poor performance under different loading condition. Therefor it is very difficult to design a stabilizer that could present good performance in all operating points of electric power system
A distributed asynchronous algorithm for expected average cost dynamic programming

A distributed asynchronous implementation of the value-iteration algorithm in dynamic programming is presented. The iteration step is carried out by a number of processors, each iterating on a subset of the value function vector. Each processor transmits its computed coordinates to other processors. The algorithm converges when the different processors iterate at different speeds. The information received by a processor regarding other coordinates may be outdated, and there may be an unpredictable delay in receiving information from other processors. <<ETX>>
Potentiel de la technologie MID pour les composants passifs et des antennes

La technologie MID (Molded Interconnect Device), fait de leur performance electrique, la flexibilitedans les circuits RF, le potentiel de reduire le nombre de composants, les etapes du processus et laminiaturisation du produit final, a conduit a de nouvelles contraintes a la RF (Radio Frequency) et ledomaine des micro-ondes. Composants moules sont interconnectees avec des substratsthermoplastiques et les pistes conductrices sont injectes sur la surface. L'objectif de cette these estd'etudier la compatibilite de MID pour les applications RF. Les avantages de la technologie MID dansle domaine RF est exploitee pour les lignes de transmission, filtres passifs, coupleurs directionnels etantennes realisation. La caracterisation RF de differents materiaux de substrat MID et l'etude de laperformance des composants RF ci-dessus sur la base de differentes technologies de fabrication MIDsont inclus dans la these. Enfin, le concept d'une etude d'amelioration de la permittivite de certainsthermoplastiques sont egalement etudies.
Influences and Motivations in the Work of a Palestinian Artist/Inventor

The author sketches his development as an artist and inventor, specifically related to his Palestinian background. Early work on Arabic type design, on an instrument for stereoscopic drawing and on an instrument to aid perspective drawing is discussed and technically summarized. The artist’s watercolor paintings, which reflect his experiences of war, the loss of his homeland and life as an exile in Japan, are also discussed, as is his invention of a device to trace the position of the sun’s shadow and various optical devices. Finally, the author documents the development of a new theory to explain the diffraction of waves and a proposed method to cancel this effect.
Neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants fed high-dose docosahexaenoic acid: a randomized controlled trial.

CONTEXT Uncertainty exists about the benefit of dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the neurodevelopment of preterm infants. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of meeting the estimated DHA requirement of preterm infants on neurodevelopment at 18 months' corrected age. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Randomized, double-blind controlled trial enrolling infants born at less than 33 weeks' gestation from April 2001 to October 2005 at 5 Australian tertiary hospitals, with follow-up to 18 months. INTERVENTION High-DHA (approximately 1% total fatty acids) enteral feeds compared with standard DHA (approximately 0.3% total fatty acids) from day 2 to 4 of life until term corrected age. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Bayley Mental Development Index (MDI) at 18 months' corrected age. A priori subgroup analyses were conducted based on randomization strata (sex and birth weight < 1250 g vs > or = 1250 g). RESULTS Of the 657 infants enrolled, 93.5% completed the 18-month follow-up. Bayley MDI scores did not differ between the high- and standard-DHA groups (mean difference, 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.0 to 4.7). The MDI among girls fed the high-DHA diet was higher than girls fed standard DHA in unadjusted and adjusted analyses (unadjusted mean difference, 4.7; 95% CI, 0.5-8.8; adjusted mean difference, 4.5; 95% CI, 0.5-8.5). The MDI among boys did not differ between groups. For infants born weighing less than 1250 g, the MDI in the high-DHA group was higher than with standard DHA in the unadjusted comparison (mean difference, 4.7; 95% CI, 0.2-9.2) but did not reach statistical significance following adjustment for gestational age, sex, maternal education, and birth order (mean difference, 3.8; 95% CI, -0.5 to 8.0). The MDI among infants born weighing at least 1250 g did not differ between groups. CONCLUSION A DHA dose of approximately 1% total fatty acids in early life did not increase MDI scores of preterm infants overall born earlier than 33 weeks but did improve the MDI scores of girls. TRIAL REGISTRATION anzctr.org. au Identifier: ACTRN12606000327583.
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder: A Single Centre Experience

Urothelial cancers usually recur distantly rather than loco-regionally. In patients with pT2 and pT3/pT4 tumors, local recurrence has been observed in 3-4% and 11-16%, respectively, whereas distant failure has occurred in 10-27% and 19-35%, respectively. Despite local therapy most patients with muscle invasive transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder die of systemic relapse, indicating a need for effective adjunctive systemic treatment. We determined whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy improved overall survival. This study evaluated the role of neoadjuvant combination chemotherapy with gemcitabine/cisplatin (GC) in improving the outcome of this group of patients. A total of 44 patients (84% Male, 16% Female) with newly diagnosed bladder cancer (T3-4, N0-2, M0) were subjected to initial 3 cycles of GC, then managed according to response. Patients were assessed clinically after each cycle and by Interim CT scan after 3 cycles of chemotherapy and those who achieved complete or partial response underwent radical cystectomy. We enrolled 63 patients, 19 of whom were found to be ineligible; thus, 44 were assigned to receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery. Average size of the largest tumor was greater that 30mm in 77% patients. According to Computed Tomographic findings 70% patients belonged to Stage T4A. The overall response rate to GC was 50%, and incomplete response was achieved in 25% whereas 25% patients were lost to follow up. Twenty two patients who had complete response, underwent cystectomy and diversion. It was observed that those patients who underwent radical cystectomy with ureterosigmoidostomy had an increased serum creatinine in comparison to patients who had ileal conduit. The size of the effect is modest and combination chemotherapy can be administered safely without adverse outcomes resulting in delayed local therapy. Further efforts to identify the patients most likely to benefit from neoadjuvant therapy are necessary to optimize its use.
A stable and reliable data dissemination scheme based on intelligent forwarding in VANETs

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have gained incredible attention because of their applications in safety, commercial uses, and traffic management. However, the dynamic topology changes caused by the high speed of vehicles raise many challenges for the effective data dissemination in vehicular applications. In this paper, with the objective to solve the problem of frequent disconnection during data delivery, we propose a novel, intelligent forwarding–based stable and reliable data dissemination scheme. First, link stability is described mathematically, by which vehicle chooses the next forwarding node. Then, a greedy algorithm is presented to transmit the data from source to destination. A separate recovery algorithm is also designed to resolve the intermediate link breakage problem. The performance of the proposed method is analyzed by performing extensive network and traffic simulations with respect to various indexes such as latency, packet delivery ratio (PDR), and throughput. Compared with the state‐of‐the‐art protocols, the proposed method under varying density improves the average PDR and throughput by 31.55% and 25.30%, respectively.