Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mesospheric ozone measurements by SAGE II

SAGE II observations of ozone at sunrise and sunset (solar zenith angle = 90 deg) at approximately the same tropical latitude and on the same day exhibit larger concentrations at sunrise than at sunset between 55 and 65 km. Because of the rapid conversion between atomic oxygen and ozone, the onion-peeling scheme used in SAGE II retrievals, which is based on an assumption of constant ozone, is invalid. A one-dimensional photochemical model is used to simulate the diurnal variation of ozone particularly within the solar zenith angle of 80 deg - 100 deg. This model indicates that the retrieved SAGE II sunrise and sunset ozone values are both overestimated. The Chapman reactions produce an adequate simulation of the ozone sunrise/sunset ratio only below 60 km, while above 60 km this ratio is highly affected by the odd oxygen loss due to odd hydrogen reactions, particularly OH. The SAGE II ozone measurements are in excellent agreement with model results to which an onion peeling procedure is applied. The SAGE II ozone observations provide information on the mesospheric chemistry not only through the ozone profile averages but also from the sunrise/sunset ratio.
Human Resource Management (HRM) Practices

Human resource management (HRM) practices are a process of attracting, motivating, and retaining employees to ensure the survival of the organization. This study examined the level of effectiveness and efficiency in the conduct of the HRM practices of Long Hope Communication Co., Ltd. and the problems encountered in implementing human resource practices. The study utilized descriptivequantitative methods to provide an in-depth understanding to the Human Resource Management (HRM) practices to the 90 employees and eight (8) managers of Long Hope Communication Co., Ltd. The results of the empirical study suggest that human resource management practices are effective in maintaining the productivity of the employees which implies that the company is invested in training their employees, providing opportunity for promotion, positive feedback, clarity of information of designation to whom the employee reports to and opportunity for employees to be responsible with the quality of their work. Further analysis however indicates that the conduct of Human Resource Management (HRM) practices of Long Hope Communication Co., Ltd. is moderately efficient which implies that the employees perceive the management to lack in providing opportunities for employees to be promoted, to be appraised, and to participate in the administration tasks. The major problems encountered by the management and employees in the implementation of HRM practices are: lack of interest of employees; lack of management support; and lack of involvement of employees in decision making. In brief, HRM practices of Long Hope Communication Co., Ltd. could still be improved to effectively and efficiently maintain the productivity of the employees. 
Orientation dependent photoluminescent properties of chemical solution derived Bi4−xEuxTi3O12 ferroelectric thin films

Bi4−xEuxTi3O12 (BEuT) ferroelectric thin films were prepared on SrTiO3 (STO) substrates with different orientations by using chemical solution deposition. The effects of Eu ion concentration and crystallographic orientation on the photoluminescent property of the thin films were investigated. An unusual concentration quenching effect for photoluminescence with the critical value of x=0.55 for Eu3+ ion concentration was found for the thin films on STO (100) substrates. In addition, a strong orientation dependent photoluminescence was observed. Different from the orientation dependence of ferroelectric properties of rare earth doped bismuth titanate thin films, the c-axis oriented BEuT thin films on STO (100) substrates exhibited stronger photoluminescence than the randomly oriented thin films on STO (111) substrates. The orientation dependent photoluminescence was ascribed to low light scattering of well-aligned grains with c-axis oriented growth.
STRESS-STRAIN DISTRIBUTION IN THE MODEL OF RETROCALCANEAL BURSITIS BY USING HEEL-ELEVATION INSOLES

The aim of this study is the analysis of the equivalent stress on the rear foot structures in retrocalcaneal bursitis, when using heel-elevation insoles of different heights (10 mm and 20 mm). Methods – mathematical calculations of the Achilles force required in the heel-off of the gait stance phase in the conditions of lifting the heel by 10 mm and 20 mm. A 3D-simulation foot model with an enlarged retrocalcaneal bursa was created. The analysis was carried out by the finite element method to calculate and study the stress and strain in the rear foot structures. Results. When using a 10.0 mm height heel-elevation insole, the calf muscle strength, which must be applied to the heel-off of the gait stance phase, was 19.0 % less than without support and 26.8 % less in 20.0 mm insole. Accordingly, analyzing the simulation results in terms of von-Mises stress, the maximum stress observed on the Achilles tendon decreases by 20.0 % and by 30.0 %. The total deformations maximum in the model when using heel-elevation insoles decreased up to 18.1 % and they were localized not in the tendon, but in the bone structures of subtalar joint. The maximum values of the total deformation of the model in the case of 10.0 mm and 20.0 mm heel-elevation insoles were 91.67 mm (–20.2 %) and 80.04 mm (–30.3 %), respectively, compared 114.92 mm in the absence of insoles. When using insole with a height of 10.0 mm, the stress in the retrocalcaneal bursa decreased by 20.0 % and was equal to 14.92 MPa compared to 18.66 MPa, and when using a 20.0 mm insoles - by 30.0 %. Conclusions. It was found that when using 10.0–20.0 mm heel-elevation insoles, the stress distribution in the rear foot structures was significantly reduced by an average of 20.0-30.0 % and correlated with the height of the insoles.
Quantifying short-term effects of crop rotations on soil organic carbon in southwestern Saskatchewan

Crop management practices can have a major influence on soil fertility and soil organic C (SOC) sequestration. We need to accurately measure and estimate changes in SOC in the short term (<20 yr). A 10-yr crop rotation experiment, conducted on a medium-textured Orthic Brown Chernozem at Swift Current, in southwestern Saskatchewan, was sampled in 1990 (3 yr after initiation of the study) and in 1993 and 1996, to measure SOC changes under nine crop rotation treatments. Minimum tillage practices were used. The stubble was cut high to enhance snow trap and N and P fertilizer applied based on soil tests. Grain and straw yields of the cereals, and hay yields of the crested wheatgrass (CWG) [Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaeertn. ] were measured annually. An empirical equation which uses two simultaneous first order kinetic expressions, one to estimate crop residue decomposition and the other to estimate soil humus C mineralization was used, together with crop residue (straw and estimated root) C inputs, to estimate S.
Targeting deprived areas

This chapter deals with what SSLP areas were like when the programmes began, with some background to decisions about which indicators to select so that as many of the relevant features of the neighbourhoods as possible could be captured. It presents a description of the types of information that were collected to describe the SSLP areas. Mean values of these characteristics are then described, to determine whether the SSLP areas represented the original targets of the SSLP initiative, with information about how much variability there was around these means. The chapter describes groupings of SSLP areas, bringing together neighbourhoods that are similar to each other.
A method for modelling peat depth in blanket peatlands

Inventories of peat volume and carbon storage often include general values for peat depth, but more spatially explicit and accurate estimates are required if carbon management strategies are to be developed at scales appropriate for the management. This article presents a methodology for estimating peat depth for large blanket peat areas using field sampling and GIS modelling to map peat depth on Dartmoor in south‐west England. The study area was divided into carbon unit areas (CUAs) based on soil and vegetation. Approximately 1000 peat depth measurements were taken, each consisting of a mean (n = 5) from depths within a 32 m2 area. Sampling points were stratified according to CUA area and proportional extent of slope and elevation classes. Regression analyses were used to determine the relationships between slope, elevation and peat depth within each CUA. The strongest relationship was for blanket peat (r2 = 0.53), with weaker ones for areas where peat was shallow and depth was less variable. A digital elevation model was used in a GIS to model peat depths for the whole of Dartmoor. Results were tested against a data set of 200 peat depths on a 250 m grid covering 1325 ha. We conclude that peat depth can be modelled using easily available topographic data combined with well‐designed field sampling over larger spatial scales. The approach can result in accurate mapping of peat depth and carbon storage for blanket peatlands in the United Kingdom and perhaps also elsewhere.
Biodegradability evaluation of wastewaters from malt and beer production

This study reports results of respirometric measurements of activated sludge biodegrading the substrate in wastewater originating from the following brewery plant production departments: malt house, brewhouse, fermentation house and racking house. The process was conducted at two temperatures: 10 and 20°C with activated sludge adapted to brewery wastewaters. The loading of activated sludge reached 0.25 g chemical oxygen demand per gram dry matter per day, which assured complete degradation of organic matter. The physicochemical characteristics of the wastewaters are provided. The study demonstrates a correlation between the site of wastewater generation, the specific character of a unitary technological process and the quality of the wastewater discharged to the sewage system, including biodegradability. Despite significant differences in the quality of the wastewaters, they were characterized by high biodegradability at a temperature of 10 and 20°C and by the C:N:P ratio being beneficial for biological treatment, irrespective of their source of origin. Copyright © 2013 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling
Simulation von Sorptionsphänomenen an ionischen Grenzflächen und in Polymernetzwerken

Mittels klassischer Molekulardynamik werden im 1. Teil der Arbeit chemisch realistische Modelle fur wasrige Kochsalzlosungen an der NaCl (001)-Grenzflache bei 1 bar und im allg. bei 298 K simuliert. Mit einer polarisierbaren Version des starren SPC/E-Wassermodells, dem SPC/E-P-Modell, werden die Struktur und Dynamik geloster Ionen an der Grenzflache und im Losungsinneren untersucht: Verteilung und Beweglichkeit der Ionen senkrecht und parallel zur Grenzflache, Hydratationszahlen. Die Natriumionen werden selektiv an der metastabilen Grenzflache adsorbiert, was ihre Beweglichkeit stark vermindert. Solch eine starke exotherme Na-Adsorption wird bei entsprechenden Simulationen mit dem SPC/E-Modell nicht beobachtet. Beim SPC/E-P-Wasser werden auch Dipolmomentprofile berechnet. Im 2. Teil der Arbeit werden grobe Modelle fur regelmasig verknupfte kovalente Polymernetzwerke durch binare Lennard -Jones-Mischungen gequollen. Gel und Losungsmittel werden mit einer Molekulardynamik-Monte-Carlo-Hybridmethode in zwei getrennten Schachteln simuliert und dabei mit dem Teilchenuberfuhrungsschritt des Gibbs-Ensemble-Monte-Carlo-Verfahrens chemisch aquilibriert. Signifikante Finite-size-Effekte verschiedener Geleigenschaften und der Dichte trockener Netzwerke werden mit einer hier hergeleiteten Beziehung eliminiert. Quellungs- und Trennungseigenschaften werden als Funktion der Temperatur, des Drucks und der Losungszusammensetzung erhalten. Kleinere Teilchen werden stets bevorzugt absorbiert. Schlagworter: Natriumchloridkristall Natriumchloridlosung NaCl(001)-Grenzflache Molekulardynamik Smooth-particle-mesh-Ewald-Methode selektive Adsorption bevorzugte Adsorption Polymernetzwerk Netzwerkquellung Monte-Carlo Hybridverfahren Zwei-Schachtel-Simulation Finite-size-Effekte selektive Absorption bevorzugte Absorption
Experiments and theory of the nonexponential relaxation in liquids, glasses, polymers and crystals

Abstract More than 130 years ago it was first recognized that the observed response from many diverse substances may exhibit two distinct types of nonexponential relaxation. Although the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts (KWW) stretched exponential and Curie-von Schweidler (CvS) power law have since been used to characterize the observed response from thousands of measurements, there is still no commonly accepted explanation for these empirical formulas. Only in the past few years have there been experimental techniques developed to answer the most basic question about the observed response: is it homogeneous where all regions of the sample exhibit intrinsic nonexponential behavior, or is it a result of a heterogeneous distribution of relaxation times? One technique, nonresonant spectral hole burning (NSHB), uses a large amplitude, low-frequency electric-or magnetic-field to selectively investigate the constituents in the net spectrum of response. An important advantage of NSHB is that the responding degrees of f.
Deformable vesicles interacting in a nematic liquid crystal

Using a lattice-Boltzmann algorithm, we investigate the behavior of 2D deformable vesicles immersed in a nematic liquid crystal. We represent our particles using a bead-spring model, with both linear and angular springs, and assume homeotropic anchoring of the liquid crystal at the particle surface. The resulting liquid crystal defects and distortions lead to a non-uniform pressure exerted on the particle surface, accompanied by a deformation of its shape. We present the resulting equilibrium shapes for a range of surface elasticities, and investigate the interactions between pairs of vesicles.
The Mid-term Report for Fusing Structured Knowledge Priors for NER

We focus on modeling rules in neural architectures for named entity recognition. Thus, our data preparation can be seen as two parts: named entity recognition data and extraction rules for the entities. For the NER data, other than the most common CoNLL 2003 dataset, we would like to explore more on OntoNotes 5.0 dataset. OntoNotes dataset has a larger range of text genre, from newswire to interview conversations and thus the data is more challenging. Also, the traditional NER datasets only contain four typical types of entity: Person, Organization, Location, Misc. However, OntoNotes provide a broader context of entities:
Fluorinated amorphous carbon thin films grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition for low dielectric constant interlayer dielectrics

Fluorinated amorphous carbon films were proposed as low dielectric constant interlayer dielectrics for ultralarge scale integration circuits. The films were deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition with CH4 and CF4 in a parallel plate rf (13.56 MHz) reactor. The dielectric constant of the amorphous carbon films deposited with CH4 was increased with increases in rf power. The addition of CF4 to CH4 raised the deposition rate and reduced the dielectric constant. At an rf power of 200 W, and at a flow rate of 47 sccm for CF4 and 3 sccm for CH4, the dielectric constant of the fluorinated amorphous carbon films was 2.1.
Unsupervised Transfer Learning in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation with Cross-Lingual Word Embeddings

In this work we look into adding a new language to a multilingual NMT system in an unsupervised fashion. Under the utilization of pre-trained cross-lingual word embeddings we seek to exploit a language independent multilingual sentence representation to easily generalize to a new language. While using cross-lingual embeddings for word lookup we decode from a yet entirely unseen source language in a process we call blind decoding. Blindly decoding from Portuguese using a basesystem containing several Romance languages we achieve scores of 36.4 BLEU for Portuguese-English and 12.8 BLEU for Russian-English. In an attempt to train the mapping from the encoder sentence representation to a new target language we use our model as an autoencoder. Merely training to translate from Portuguese to Portuguese while freezing the encoder we achieve 26 BLEU on English-Portuguese, and up to 28 BLEU when adding artificial noise to the input. Lastly we explore a more practical adaptation approach through non-iterative backtranslation, exploiting our model's ability to produce high quality translations through blind decoding. This yields us up to 34.6 BLEU on English-Portuguese, attaining near parity with a model adapted on real bilingual data.
Spousal emotional support and relationship quality buffers pupillary response to horror movies

Being satisfied in marriage provides protective stress buffering benefits to various health complications but the causal mechanisms and speed at which this is accomplished is less well understood. Much of the research on health and marriage has conceptualized marital quality in a unidimensional way, with high levels of either positivity or negativity. This conceptualization may not fully capture the nuanced benefits of marital relationships. Pupillometry is an innovative method which captures the effects of marital stress buffering on the body’s autonomic nervous system in real time; pupil dilation occurs within 200ms to stress exposure. Additionally, this method records hundreds of readings per second, providing precision and sensitivity. This preregistered experiment aimed to conceptually replicate previous pupillometry stress buffering results and extend the previous findings by including a generalizable, real-life stressor—viewing a horror movie—and multidimensional relationship quality effects. Eighty-three couples (166 participants) were quasi-grouped, based on a self-reported multidimensional relationship quality scale, to either supportive or ambivalent marital relationship conditions. They were then randomly assigned to either a spousal support (i.e., handholding) or non-support (spousal absence) condition and watched clips from both horror and nature movies while pupil dilation was measured. Tonic pupillary response results revealed that the horror video clips elicited a stress response and there were significant differences between the support and non-support conditions, as well as marital relationship quality conditions. These results frame the precision, speed, and sensitivity of pupillometry as a potentially fruitful method to investigate the causal mechanisms linking stress buffering and supportive marital relationships.
Phyto-Pharmacology of Ziziphus jujuba Mill- A Plant Review

Herbs have always been the natural form of medicine in India. Medicinal plants have curative properties due to presence of various complex chemical substances of different composition which contain secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponin and phenolic compounds distributed in different parts of the plants. Ziziphus jujuba Mill, a member of the family Rhamnaceae, commonly known as Bor, is used traditionally as tonic and aphrodisiac and sometimes as Hypnotic-sedative and Anxiolytic, anticancer (Melanoma cells), Antifungal, Antibacterial, Antiulcer, Anti-inflammatory, Cognitive, Antispastic, Antifertility/contraception, Hypotensive and Antinephritic, Cardiotonic, Antioxidant, Immunostimulant, and Wound healing properties. It possesses allied compounds viz. Ascorbic acid, thiamine, riboflavin-bioflavonoids and Pectin A and various chemical substances like Mauritine-A; Amphibine-H; Jubanine-A; Jubanine-B; Mucronine-D and Nummularine-B. Sativanine-E. Frangufoline, Ziziphine-A to Q, betulinic acid colubrinic acid, alphitolic acid, 3-O-cis-p-coumaroylalphitolic acid, 3-O-transp­coumaroylalphitolic acid, 3-O-cis-p-coumaroylmaslinic acid, 3-O-trans-pcoumaroylmaslinic acid, oleanolic acid, betulonic acid, oleanonic acid, zizyberenalic acid and betulinic acid, jujubosides A, B, A1 B1 and C and acetyljujuboside B and the protojujubosides A, B and B1, saponin, ziziphin, from the dried leaves of Z. jujube - 3-O-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-2)-a­arabinopyranosyl-20-O- (2,3)-di-O-acetyl-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl jujubogenin. Saponin from leaves and stem are 3-O- ((2-O- alpha - D - furopyranosyl - 3-O- beta - D -glucopyranosyl) - alpha - L - arabinopyranosyl) jujubogenin and (6'''-sinapoylspinosin, 6'''-feruloylspinosin and 6'''-p-coumaroylspinosin. The present review discusses photo-chemistry, pharmacology, medicinal properties and biological activities of Za jujuba and its usage in different ailments.
The detection and direction finding of multiple weak sinusoidal signals with a circular antenna array

Signal detection and bearing estimation are rich research areas with applications in sonar, military surveillance, navigation and search and rescue. For the case of a single sinusoid in additive white Gaussian noise, with all parameters unknown, the periodogram is the maximum likelihood estimator. Additionally, the periodogram is a non-parametric technique, providing good parameter estimation under low signal to noise conditions. When multiple sinusoids are present, high resolution techniques such as Auto-Regressive Moving Average (ARMA) and Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) provide accurate parameter estimates. However, when the sinusoids are weak, these parametric models produce large estimation errors. When the minimum frequency separation of the sinusoids exceeds four FFT bins and appropriate filtering is employed, the single sinusoid parameter estimation bounds of the periodogram can be applied to the multiple sinusoid case. In this thesis, a periodogram based architecture is developed, providing sinusoidal detection and bearing estimation for multiple weak sinusoids with a circular antenna array. Theoretical performance bounds are derived and compared against simulation results.
Investigations of pyroelectric generation of x rays

Experiments to study the influences of the environment, external to pyroelectric crystals, on certain measurements to discern the properties of crystals, such as LiTaO3, LiNbO3, and CsNO3, are discussed. During increasing temperature and at appropriate pressures electrons in the vacuum system are accelerated to the −z base of the pyroelectric crystal and are repelled from the +z base of the crystal. The electrons striking the crystal may have sufficient energy to excite x-ray absorption edges of the elements in the crystal and the electrons repelled to a target may have sufficient energy to excite x-ray absorption edges in the elements of the target. During decreasing temperature electrons in the vacuum system are repelled from the −z base whereas the electrons are accelerated to the +z base. The light produced, associated with the pyroelectric effect, appears to come from recombination processes in the gases in the vacuum chamber. The polarization charge produced during the change of temperature of the c.
Rheological and heat transfer characteristics of flowing coal-water mixtures

This research program was designed to develop a consistent data base and to derive engineering correlations for the prediction of pressure drop and heat transfer rate of CWM flows under various heating conditions. The test program was carried out using a heated extrusion rheometer. Pressure drops and heat transfer rate were measured simultaneously under convective heating and then boiling conditions. Parametric tests were carried out to examine the effect of various operating parameters such as mass flow, bulk temperature, heat flux, CWM type, tube size, and steam quality. 15 refs., 40 figs., 5 tabs.