Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Channel Estimation Based on LMS Algorithm for MIMO-OFDM System

MIMO-OFDM which is one of core techniques for the high-speed mobile communication system requires the efficient channel estimation method with low estimation error and computational complexity, for accurately receiving data. In this paper, we propose a channel estimation algorithm with low channel estimation error comparing with LS which is primarily employed to the MIMO-OFDM system, and with low computational complexity comparing with MMSE. The proposed algorithm estimates channel vectors based on the LMS adaptive algorithm in the time domain, and the estimated channel vector is sent to the detector after FFT. We also suggest a preamble architecture for the proposed MIMO-OFDM channel estimation algorithm. The computer simulation example is provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithm.
The Silencing Face of DNA Replication: Gene Repression Mediated by DNA Replication Factors

DNA replication in eukaryotes initiates at multiple origins. The activation of these origins is a critically important event in the life of each cell and is tightly regulated by numerous highly conserved trans-factors. Saccharomyces cerevisiae origins (called Autonomously Replicating Sequences, ARSs) contain a core A element called ACS (ARS Consensus Sequence), plus an array of auxiliary B elements. Most ARSs fire at their chromosomal positions, but there are numerous dormant ARSs as well. Instead of being origins, these dormant ARSs serve as silencer elements, which function in the epigenetic repression of nearby genes. Even more, many DNA replication trans-factors have also been reported to affect gene silencing. This puzzling functional duality of ARS and DNA replication factors has attracted significant interest. Evidence from other species has suggested that the overlap between gene silencing and DNA replication operates in other eukaryotes. In this chapter we will review in detail the activity of ARSs as origins of replication and as silencers. We will focus on sequence dissimilarities between silencer and origin ARSs and will propose a model for the functional duality of DNA replication factors.
Possible Population III remnants at redshift 3.5

The first stars, known as Population III (PopIII), produced the first heavy elements, thereby enriching their surrounding pristine gas. Previous detections of metals in intergalactic gas clouds, however, find a heavy element enrichment larger than $1/1000$ times that of the solar environment, higher than expected for PopIII remnants. In this letter we report the discovery of a Lyman limit system (LLS) at $z=3.53$ with the lowest metallicity seen in gas with discernable metals, $10^{-3.41\pm0.26}$ times the solar value, at a level expected for PopIII remnants. We make the first relative abundance measurement in such low metallicity gas: the carbon-to-silicon ratio is $10^{-0.26\pm0.17}$ times the solar value. This is consistent with models of gas enrichment by a PopIII star formation event early in the Universe, but also consistent with later, Population II enrichment. The metals in all three components comprising the LLS, which has a velocity width of 400 km s$^{-1}$, are offset in velocity by $\sim+6$ km s$^{-1}$ from the bulk of the hydrogen, suggesting the LLS was enriched by a single event. Relative abundance measurements in this near-pristine regime open a new avenue for testing models of early gas enrichment and metal mixing.
Comparisons of Creative Styles and Personality Types Between American and Taiwanese College Students and the Relationship Between Creative Potential and Personality Types

The purpose of the study was to compare differences in creative styles (Kirton, 1976) and personality types between Americans and Taiwanese and to examine the relationships among various personality types and creative potential. Creative potential was measured by the Torrance Test of Creative ThinkingFigural, and personality types were measured by the Keirsey Temperament Sorter II. Ninety-three American and 76 Taiwanese college students specializing in teacher education participated in this study. The results indicated that Americans are more adaptively creative than Taiwanese, whereas there is no difference between the two groups in Innovative creative style. The results also indicated that there are significant relationships between Adaptive creative style and Intuition, between Creative Strengths and Intuition, and between Creative Strengths and Perceiving. It is concluded that there is a cultural difference in creative potential and personality types and that there are relationships between particular subscales of creativity and personality types.
Hemodynamic and Neuroendocrinological Responses to Artificial Gravity

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the hemodynamic and neuroendocrinological responses to different levels and protocols of artificial gravity, especially in comparison to what is expected during a moderate bout of exercise. Ten male participants were exposed to artificial gravity using two different protocols: the first was a centrifugation protocol that consisted of a constant phase of 2 Gz for 30 minutes, and the second consisted of an intermittent phase of 2 Gz for two minutes, separated by resting periods for three minutes in successive order. Near infrared spectroscopy (oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin) at the prefrontal cortex, Musculus biceps brachii, and Musculus gastrocnemius, as well as heart rate and blood pressure were recorded before, during, and after exposure to artificial gravity. In order to determine effects of artificial gravity on neuroendocrinological parameters (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and insulin-like growth factor 1), blood samples were taken before and after centrifugation. During the application of artificial gravity the concentration of oxyhemoglobin decreased significantly and the concentration of deoxyhemoglobin increased significantly in the prefrontal cortex and the Musculus biceps brachii muscle. Participants exposed to the continuous artificial gravity profile experienced peripheral pooling of blood. No changes were observed for brain-derived neurotrophic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, or insulin-like growth factor 1. Intermittent application of artificial gravity may represent a better-tolerated presentation for participants as hemodynamic values normalize during resting periods. During both protocols, heart rate and arterial blood pressure remained far below what is experienced during moderate physical activity.
INTERNET OUT OF CONTROL: THE ROLE OF SELF-ESTEEM AND PERSONALITY TRAITS IN PATHOLOGICAL INTERNET USE

Objective: Young people seem particularly likely to develop pathological Internet use (PIU) with the use of social networks, chat, and videos. Sensation-seeking, neuroticism, introversion, and low self-esteem are personality features frequently associated with the disease. The aim of this study was to replicate and to extend previous findings by exploring the combined effect of personality traits and self-esteem on PIU. Method: A sample of 652 male students attending vocational technical schools in Palermo (Southern Italy) was assessed using the following measures: the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire to evaluate personality traits; the Multidimensional Self-Concept Scale to assess self-esteem; the Tech Style Behavior to investigate PIU. Results: Pathological Internet Use was associated to age, feelings of low self-esteem and inadequate competence, impulsivity/sensation seeking, aggression-hostility, and sociability. However, in a multiple linear regression model, only sociability, aggression-hostility, competence, and age demonstrated a significant effect in the prediction of PIU. Conclusions: Expanding previous research, the findings suggest that low self-esteem, high aggression-hostility, and high sociability are significant risk factors for PIU. Therefore, primary prevention programmes should include interventions aimed at promoting self-competence, enhancing emotional skills, and developing effective coping strategies.
Effect of feeding level and linseed oil on some metabolic and hormonal parameters and on fatty acid profile of meat and fat in growing pigs.

Abstract. In an experiment with 56 pigs, the effects of feeding level and linseed oil supplement on fattening and slaughter parameters, the weight of internal organs, the concentration of hormones and indicators of protein and lipid metabolism, and the fatty acid profile of m. semimembranosus and backfat were investigated. During the growing period, all animals received a feed supplemented with 4 % linseed oil. At the end of the growing period (23–61 kg body weight), compared to semi-ad libitum fed animals, animals that were fed restrictively (25 % less feed) during this period were characterized by lower daily gains (P≤0.001), greater meatiness (P≤0.01), lower weight of internal organs, higher level of growth hormone (P≤0.05), lower levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone and blood urea nitrogen (P≤0.05), and dietetically more beneficial profile of fatty acids (more polyunsaturated fatty acids [PUFA]). During realimentation (61–104 kg body weight), when all animals were fed semi-ad libitum diets with 0 or 4 % linseed oil, daily feed intake and daily weight gains of the pigs that had previously been restrictively fed, were greater than in animals fed semi-ad libitum throughout fattening. Compensatory growth was found for the internal organs. Animals that received linseed oil diets throughout fattening were characterized during the finishing period by a higher rate of growth (P≤0.001), higher concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3) and insulin (P≤0.05), and a greater proportion of n-3 PUFA in the fatty acid profile of m. semimembranosus and backfat (P≤0.001).
A novel approach for detection and elimination of automorphic graphs in graph databases.

Graphs have become indispensable in modeling and representing complicated structured data such as proteins, chemical compounds, and XML documents. Development of graph databases for use in research and development is a well-established activity in pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Storing the graphs into large databases is a challenging task as it deals with efficient space and time management. Unlike item sets in huge transactional databases, it becomes essential to ensure the consistency of graph databases since relationships among edges of a graph are predominant. One of the necessary procedures required is a mechanism to check whether two graphs are automorphic. For graphs with more than one vertex with the same label, more than one adjacency matrix representations are possible based on the ordering of vertices with identical labels and there are possibilities that the same graph is stored more than once using different adjacency matrices, leading to adverse results in mining graph databases. Difficulty in identifying and eliminating the automorphic graphs is a challenging problem to the research community. In this paper, a proficient algorithm is devised that efficiently detects and avoids the same graph getting stored into the database. The computational time is also substantially reduced compared to the canonical labeling approach used in Frequent Subgraph Discovery algorithm. The experimental results and comparisons offer a positive response to the newly proposed algorithm.
Comparative Study of Risk Factors Between Lacunar and Non-lacunar Ischemic Strokes

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in both developed as well as developing countries The risk factors in lacunar stroke differ in comparison to nonlacunar strokes. In this study risk factors of lacunar stroke in comparison to non-lacunar were evaluated. Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare the risk factors among lacunar stroke and non-lacunar stroke. Methodology: This comparative study conducted in the department of Medicine and Neurology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka from September 2010 to August 2011. MRI of brain was done in 151 patients above 18 years of age with ischemic stroke and Lacunar stroke was found in 31 patients and non-lacunar stroke was detected in 120 patients. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria from them 30 patients with lacunar stroke were selected as Group-A patients and equal number of non-lacunar stroke same ages as group B were compared of. The risk factors of stroke were defined as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, history of transient ischemic attack, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation and carotid artery stenosis . Results : Out of 151 patients with ischemic stroke non-lacunar stroke was predominant, which was 79.47% and lacunar stroke was 20.52%. The mean age was found 60.9±10.2 years in Group A and 56.2±11.8 years in Group B, which was almost similar between two groups (p>0.05). Male were predominant, which was 63.33% and 76.67% in lacunar and non-lacunar stroke respectively. Male and female ratio was 2.3:1. Regarding the risk factors hypertension was observed most common risk factor among the patients having lacunar and non-lacunar strokes. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were common in lacunar stroke and myocardial infarction, carotid artery stenosis and hypercholesterolemia were common in non-lacunar stroke which were statistically significant (p 0.05) different between lacunar and non-lacunar stroke . Conclusion: Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were common in lacunar stroke, and myocardial infarction, whereas carotid artery stenosis and hypercholesterolemia were common in non-lacunar stroke and the both groups were statistically significant (p<0.05) . So modification of risk factors may reduce the incidence of ischemic stroke. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/bjn.v28i2. 17176 Bangladesh Journal of Neuroscience 2012; Vol. 28 (2): 88-95
Study Of Relationship Between Circulating Endothelial Cell Numbers And Plasma VWF Levels With Other Hematologic Findings In Patient With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Background and Aim: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a lymphoprolifrative disorder, which is very heterogeneous in prognosis. Therefore, the analysis of the prognostic factors should be very helpful in diagnosing patients with a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between circulating Endothelial cells number with VWF levels along with the other hematological findings in CLL. Materials and Methods: Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 30 CLL patients admitted to the hematology department of Firozgar hospital and 30 healthy subjects. The levels of CEC were measured by the presence of CD34 and VWF markers, and absence of CD45 marker, using flow cytometry. VWF levels was evaluated by ELISA. Results: The CEC levels were significantly higher in blood of the CLL patients (0.64%), when compared to the controls (0.12%, P=0.002). The levels of plasma VWF were higher among high grade patients, when compared to controls and patients in lower grades. There was a negative correlation between CEC levels, and Hb concentration in the patients group (r=-0.47, P=0.01). Conclusion: Although the levels of both CEC count and plasma VWF in patient with high grade CLL were increased when compared to patients with low grade, there was no significant correlation between these two parameters.
The Institutional Influence on the Location Strategies of Multinational Enterprises from Emerging Economies: Evidence from China's Cross-border Mergers and Acquisitions

ABSTRACT This study investigates the institutional influence on the location strategies of Chinese cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A) during the period 1985–2011 across 150 economies using Heckman's two-stage model. The results suggest that Chinese Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) are ‘shortsighted’ and show perverse behaviour towards host country risk when deciding on the location of host country and volume of investment undertaken through M&As, which may damage the firm's long-term profitability.
VARIABILITY AND SEXUAL SIZE DIMORPHISM IN CARNIVORES: TESTING THE NICHE VARIATION HYPOTHESIS

The niche variation hypothesis predicts greater morphological variability in populations occupying wide ecological niches than in those occupying narrow ones. Island populations of carnivores are often assumed to have wider niches than mainland populations, because the number of competing species on islands is usually smaller. We compared coefficients of variation and degrees of sexual size dimorphism in skulls and canines of pairs of related insular and mainland populations belonging to 39 carnivore species. Mainland populations were more variable than insular ones. Averaging population values for the different species, we found no significant differences in the variability of insular and mainland taxa. There was no consistent difference in the degree of sexual size dimorphism between insular and mainland carnivores for either skull length or canine diameter. We hypothesize that gene flow is the main source of the greater variability in mainland populations. The niche variation hypothesis is not supported.
Associations between feed efficiency, body growth and serum insulin-like growth factor-I level for Korean Native Ogol Chickens

Increasing of body weight has been one of the important economic factors in the poultry industry. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I is a polypeptide that serves to regulate muscle development and body growth. Moreover, IGF-I is related to feed efficiency. However, there are few studies regarding the regulatory roles of chicken IGF-I/-II compared with that of mammals. Especially, the Korean Native Ogol Chicken (KNOC) has a lean body growth and its body weight is generally lighter than the broiler chicken. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate associations among serum IGF-I/-II concentration, feed efficiency, and body growth in KNOC. The body weight and feed intake of KNOC were recorded from 20 to 36 weeks at 2 weeks intervals, and blood was taken every 2 weeks. Serum IGF-I/-II were measured by RIA. Chickens were divided into two groups, high and low serum IGF-I concentration. Generally, feed efficiency and growth performance (body weight and weight gain) in the high serum IGF-I group were higher than those of the low group during the experimental period. In particular, the body weight of the IGF-I high group were significantly different from those of the IGF-I low group at 34 and 36 weeks, respectively (p<0.05). Moreover, body weight, weight gain, and feed efficiency had a significant correlation with serum IGF-I at several weeks (p<0.05 and p<0.01). These results show that IGF-I plays an important role in body growth and suggests a possibility that serum IGF-I could be used as a selection marker for body growth in KNOC. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2005. Vol 18, No. 4 : 532-537)
A scale to measure consumer’s engagement with social media brand-related content

The purpose of this study is to fill the gap in the literature concerning to the measurement of consumer’s engagement with social media brand-related content (hereafter, CESBC). We introduce empirical evidence for the development and measurement of CESBC scale. The scale is based on the consumer's online brand-related framework and comprises three dimensions: consumption, contribution, and creation. We used qualitative techniques to prepare an initial list of items and tested and validated the CESBC scale with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results (n = 2252) confirmed the three-factor structure of the CESBC and indicated its good psychometric properties.
Employment Multipliers from Agricultural Growth and Poverty Reduction

Poverty is still a major problem in Pakistan. Worse, the excellent progress made in poverty reduction in the 1970s and 1980s has been reversed in the 1990s. That is the bad news. The good news is that Pakistan is unusually well placed to return to rapid reduction in poverty. We have long known that agricultural growth is closely related to poverty reduction. Recent studies by Peter Timmer and by Martin Ravallion and their colleagues provide massive statistical evidence of this relationship. Rural growth and agricultural growth have a major effect on poverty reduction; urban growth and manufacturing growth do not. At first glance that is strange because farmers are not the poorest rural people, and the direct benefits from agricultural growth are distributed roughly proportionately to size of landholding. The poor in rural areas are heavily concentrated in the rural non-farm sector. They produce non-tradable goods and services. That is, local demand is essential to their growth. It is rising agricultural incomes that provide that growth in local demand. Thus, agriculture’s massive impact on poverty is indirect, working through expenditures on the rural non-farm sector. The bulk of those expenditures are for consumption goods. Pakistan has unusually productive resources that are highly responsive to the favourable forces of globalisation and technological change. In the 1970s and 1980s the agriculture of Pakistan grew at better than four percent per year, sufficient to reduce poverty levels rapidly. To return to those growth rates requires several public actions. Institutional reform in the irrigation system needs to reverse the losses that have occurred from poor management. There must be increased expenditure on the agricultural research and extension systems and that expenditure must be subject to a few priorities and increased efficiency. The rural road and education systems need to be massively expanded. Much more emphasis needs to be placed on expansion of the high value horticultural sector for which Pakistan has a strong comparative advantage in international markets. Those actions can be expected to bring a return to high growth rates in the four to six percent range and a resumption of rapid decline in poverty and its virtual elimination in a ten to twenty year period.
Equity-Based Remuneration for Swedish CEO's

This study examines the underlying reasons for observed relative differences in the use of equitybased remuneration for Swedish CEO’s. Adopting a qualitative approach, the empirical foundation of the paper is interviews with key decision-makers in the area, namely directors of large public firms and institutional shareholder representatives. Descriptive data regarding the composition of CEO compensation in Swedish large cap firms between 2006-2011 is also provided. The theoretical basis of the investigation is a combination of agency theory, managerial power theory and institutionalism. Contrasting theory with previous research, secondary observations and – most importantly – a rich set of qualitative primary material we make several observations regarding how equity incentives are designed in the context of large public corporations in Sweden. We find that agency theoretic perspectives can potentially explain some observed variations in CEO equity incentive practices, but argue that economic theories must be extended to include influences from institutionalism to fully understand how compensation is constructed in reality. Among other things, we suggest that a coercive isomorphism of practice resulting from the Leo Act inhibits the use of equity-based pay.
A new comprehensive attribute weight algorithm with rough sets theory

In view of the deficiency of the present attribute weight methods based on the rough sets theory, the author proposes one new comprehensive attribute weight method through studying deeply attribute importance on the basis of rough sets theory. The proposed method considers objective weight and subjective weight. The objective weight includes three factors, named as the importance of the attribute itself, the increment of mutual information, and its own information entropy. The subjective weight is obtained by the experts with prior knowledge in the field. Experiment results prove that the new method not only overcomes the deficiency of the existing weight methods, but also is more in line with the actual situation.