Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Engagement With Motivational Interviewing and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Components of a Web-Based Alcohol Intervention, Elicitation of Change Talk and Sustain Talk, and Impact on Drinking Outcomes: Secondary Data Analysis

Background Down Your Drink (DYD) is a widely used unguided web-based alcohol moderation program for the general public based on cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and motivational interviewing (MI); it provides users with many opportunities to enter free-text responses. Objective The aim of this study was to assess participants’ use of key CBT and MI components, the presence of change talk and sustain talk within their responses, and whether these data are associated with drinking outcomes after 3 months. Methods An exploratory secondary data analysis was conducted on data collected in 2008 from the definitive randomized trial of DYD (N=503). Past week alcohol use at baseline and 3-month follow-up were measured with the TOT-AL. Covariates included baseline alcohol use, age, gender, education level, and word count of the responses. Use of MI and CBT components and presence of change talk and sustain talk were coded by two independent coders (Cohen κ range 0.91-1). Linear model regressions on the subsample of active users (n=410) are presented along with a negative binomial regression. Results The most commonly used component was the listing of pros and cons of drinking. The number of listed high-risk situations was associated with lower alcohol use at 3-month follow-up (Badj −2.15, 95% CI −3.92 to −0.38, P=.02). Findings on the effects of the percentage of change talk and the number of listed strategies to deal with high-risk situations were inconsistent. Conclusions An unguided web-based alcohol moderation program can elicit change talk and sustain talk. This secondary analysis suggests that the number of listed high-risk situations can predict alcohol use at 3-month follow-up. Other components show inconsistent findings and should be studied further.
Fourier Properties of Symmetric-Geometry Computed Tomography and Its Linogram Reconstruction With Neural Network

In this work, we investigate the Fourier properties of a symmetric-geometry computed tomography (SGCT) with linearly distributed source and detector in a stationary configuration. A linkage between the 1D Fourier Transform of a weighted projection from SGCT and the 2D Fourier Transform of a deformed object is established in a simple mathematical form (i.e., the Fourier slice theorem for SGCT). Based on its Fourier slice theorem and its unique data sampling in the Fourier space, a Linogram-based Fourier reconstruction method is derived for SGCT. We demonstrate that the entire Linogram reconstruction process can be embedded as known operators into an end-to-end neural network. As a learning-based approach, the proposed Linogram-Net has capability of improving CT image quality for non-ideal imaging scenarios, a limited-angle SGCT for instance, through combining weights learning in the projection domain and loss minimization in the image domain. Numerical simulations and physical experiments on an SGCT prototype platform showed that our proposed Linogram-based method can achieve accurate reconstruction from a dual-SGCT scan and can greatly reduce computational complexity when compared with the filtered backprojection type reconstruction. The Linogram-Net achieved accurate reconstruction when projection data are complete and significantly suppressed image artifacts from a limited-angle SGCT scan mimicked by using a clinical CT dataset, with the average CT number error in the selected regions of interest reduced from 67.7 Hounsfield Units (HU) to 28.7 HU, and the average normalized mean square error of overall images reduced from 4.21e-3 to 2.65e-3.
Linking the Puzzle Pieces of the Past: A Study of Relational Memory in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Our memories are made of detailed sensory information representing the puzzle pieces of our personal past. The type of memory integrating sensory features is referred to as relational memory. The main objective of this study was to investigate whether relational memory is affected in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) since altered relational memory may contribute to atypical episodic memory observed in ASD. We also examined the association between perceptual style and relational memory abilities. Children with ASD (n = 14) and typically developed (TD) children (n = 16, 9–15 years old) completed a memory task with three conditions: two single‐feature conditions measuring memory for objects and locations, and one relational memory condition measuring memory for objects and their locations combined. The Children's embedded figures test was administered to measure perceptual style. The ASD group selected more incorrect stimuli (false alarms) than the TD group, resulting in a lower proportion of correctly recognized targets across all memory conditions. The ASD group did not display a more local perceptual style than the TD group. However, perceptual style was associated with improved memory abilities across conditions. Our findings indicate that the overall memory performance of children with ASD is less stable, leading them to more incorrect responses than TD children. This may be due to the executive demands of the memory tasks, rather than specific impairments in memory binding. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1959‐1969. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC
Light and scanning electron microscopic characterization of thirty endemic Fabaceae species of district Lahore, Pakistan

In the present study anatomical characterization of 30 species of Fabaceae endemic to Lahore, Pakistan were done under light and scanning electron microscopy. Variety of qualitative and quantitative anatomical characters like epidermal cells shapes and size, stomata types, length, and width of guard cells, subsidiary cells, trichomes, silica bodies, shapes, and their numbers were studied. Overall polygonal, irregular smooth, thick walled epidermal cells were observed at both abaxial and adaxial surfaces except Dalbergia sisso Roxb in which hexagonal epidermal cells were reported. Milletia ovelifolia Kurz. possessed the largest length of epidermal cell i.e., 273.1 μm whereas Calliandra bella Benth. showed the smallest length i.e., 76.5 μm. Average width of epidermal cells ranged from 44 to 265.5 μm. M. ovelifolia Kurz had largest width while Acacia nilotica L. had the smallest width respectively. In adaxial surface epidermal cells length ranged 317 to 46.4 μm, Glycyrriza glabra L. showed the smallest length whereas Prosopis juliflora DC. had largest length. In adaxial numbers of stomata is high as compare to the abaxial surface, mostly paracytic, anisocytic, and anomocytic stomata were observed. There is not much variations observed in trichomes of studied members. Generally non glandular, unbranched, uniserate, mulicellular bulbous base with pointed tips were reported . Oval, rounded, triangular shaped silica bodies were observed in some species. It is concluded that qualitative and quantitative anatomical variations in epidermal cells, stomata and trichomes are of good taxonomic value for the studied Fabaceae species.
A Fatal Case of Bacteremia Caused by Vibrio cholerae Non-O1/O139

Vibrio cholerae is a pathogen known to cause the waterborne epidemic disease cholera. Overall, V. cholerae O1 or O139 strains produce the cholera toxin that cause gastroenteritis, resulting in watery diarrhea. Most of the enterocolitis caused by V. cholerae can be easily treated with fluid therapy and conservative care. However, V. cholerae non-O1/O139 strains can cause extraintestinal infections, such as wound infection or sepsis, in immunocompromised patients. The clinical course of these infections is very similar to that of V. vulnificus infection. We report about a 52-year-old man without previous underlying disease who was diagnosed with V. cholerae non-O1/O139 infection and died within 72 hours after admission to the intensive care unit.
Network analysis can guide resilience-based management in forest landscapes under global change.

Forests are projected to undergo dramatic compositional and structural shifts prompted by global changes, such as climatic changes and intensifying natural disturbance regimes. Future uncertainty makes planning for forest management exceptionally difficult, demanding novel approaches to maintain or improve the ability of forest ecosystems to respond and rapidly re-organize after disturbance events. Adopting a landscape perspective in forest management is particularly important in fragmented forest landscapes where both diversity and connectivity play key roles in determining resilience to global change. In this context, network analysis and functional traits combined with ecological dynamic modeling can help evaluate changes in functional response diversity and connectivity within and among forest stands in fragmented landscapes. Here, we coupled ecological dynamic modeling with functional traits analysis and network theory to analyze forested landscapes as an interconnected network of forest patches. We simulated future forest landscape dynamics in a large landscape in southern Quebec, Canada, under a combination of climate, disturbance, and management scenarios. We depicted the landscape as a functional network, assessed changes in future resilience using indicators at multiple spatial scales, and evaluated if current management practices are suitable for maintaining resilience to simulated changes in regimes. Our results show that climate change would promote forest productivity and favor heat-adapted deciduous species. Changes in natural disturbances will likely have negative impacts on native conifers and will drive changes in forest type composition. Climate change negatively impacted all resilience indicators and triggered losses of functional response diversity and connectivity across the landscape with undesirable consequences on the capacity of these forests to adapt to global change. Also, current management strategies failed to promote resilience at different spatial levels, highlighting the need for a more active and thoughtful approach to forest management under global change. Our study demonstrates the usefulness of combining dynamic landscape scale simulation modeling with network analyses to evaluate the possible impacts of climate change as well as human and natural disturbances on forest resilience under global change.
Evaporation rate, leaf water potential and stomatal conductance in lolium, trifolium and lysimachia in drying soil

Van den Honert (1948) proposed that the flow of water through a plant, during transpiration, might be described by an Ohm's law analogue; although this simple theory attracted many adherents, it has not always been confirmed experimentally. Hailey et al. (1973) concluded that Ohm's law described water movement through plants when transpiration rates are similar to those expected in the field; however, their experimental plants were grown in solution culture. Contrasting results have sometimes been obtained with plants in soil (Hansen 1974) and, in practice, crop plants are grown in soil subject to cycles of drying and wetting. From the Ohm's law analogue of water transport through a plant or crop, the leaf water potential, P (Pa x 1O), depends on the soil water potential, -c (Pa x 1O), the rate of flow of water from the soil through unit plan area of foliage (the hydraulic flux density), F (g m-2 s1), and the hydraulic resistance to flow, Z (Pa x 105 m2 g's), between the sites of T and a,
Disruptive Behaviour Disorders: The challenge of delineating mechanisms in the face of heterogeneity

: Causal pathways to Disruptive Behavior Disorders, even within the same diagnostic category, are varied. Both equifinality and multifinality pose considerable challenges to uncovering underlying mechanisms and understanding varied developmental trajectories associated with Disruptive Behavior Disorders. Uncovering genetic causes requires improved granularity in how we operationalise presentation and developmental trajectories associated with Disruptive Behavior Disorders. If we want to integrate the study of genetic, environmental and neurocognitive factors within a longitudinal framework, we need to improve measurement. Furthermore, brain changes associated with Disruptive Behavior Disorders should not simply be understood as outcomes of genetic and environmental influences, but also as factors that reciprocally influence future social environments over time in ways that are important in contributing to risk and resilience. Advancing the field with regard to these challenges will result in more truly integrated investigation of Disruptive Behavior Disorders, which holds the promise to improve our ability to develop more effective preventative and intervention approaches.
Evaluating Human Movement Coordination During Immersive Walking in a Virtual Crowd

This paper describes our investigation on how participants coordinate movement behavior in relation to a virtual crowd that surrounds them while immersed in a virtual environment. The participants were immersed in a virtual metropolitan city and were instructed to cross the road and reach the opposite sidewalk. The participants performed the task ten times. The virtual crowd that surrounded them was scripted to move in the same direction. During the experiment, several measurements were obtained to evaluate human movement coordination. Moreover, the time and direction in which the participants started moving toward the opposite sidewalk were also captured. These data were later used to initialize the parameters of simulated characters that were scripted to become part of the virtual crowd. Measurements were extracted from the simulated characters and used as a baseline to evaluate the movement coordination of the participants. By analyzing the data, significant differences between the movement behaviors of the participants and the simulated characters were found. However, simple linear regression analyses indicated that the movement behavior of participants was moderately associated with the simulated characters’ movements when performing a locomotive task within a virtual crowd population. This study can be considered as a baseline for further research that evaluates the movement coordination of participants during human–virtual-crowd interactions using measurements obtained by the simulated characters.
Supramolecular Chirality in Azobenzene-Containing Polymer System: Traditional Postpolymerization Self-Assembly Versus In Situ Supramolecular Self-Assembly Strategy

Recently, the design of novel supramolecular chiral materials has received a great deal of attention due to rapid developments in the fields of supramolecular chemistry and molecular self-assembly. Supramolecular chirality has been widely introduced to polymers containing photoresponsive azobenzene groups. On the one hand, supramolecular chiral structures of azobenzene-containing polymers (Azo-polymers) can be produced by nonsymmetric arrangement of Azo units through noncovalent interactions. On the other hand, the reversibility of the photoisomerization also allows for the control of the supramolecular organization of the Azo moieties within polymer structures. The construction of supramolecular chirality in Azo-polymeric self-assembled system is highly important for further developments in this field from both academic and practical points of view. The postpolymerization self-assembly strategy is one of the traditional strategies for mainly constructing supramolecular chirality in Azo-polymers. The in situ supramolecular self-assembly mediated by polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) is a facile one-pot approach for the construction of well-defined supramolecular chirality during polymerization process. In this review, we focus on a discussion of supramolecular chirality of Azo-polymer systems constructed by traditional postpolymerization self-assembly and PISA-mediated in situ supramolecular self-assembly. Furthermore, we will also summarize the basic concepts, seminal studies, recent trends, and perspectives in the constructions and applications of supramolecular chirality based on Azo-polymers with the hope to advance the development of supramolecular chirality in chemistry.
The sex chromosomes of the aging epigenome

determine the sex of individuals. They differ from an ordinary autosome in form, size, and behavior. Importantly, the difference in sex chromosomes between males and females could impact aging and longevity in multiple ways [1]. Unfortunately, the sex chromosomes are almost ignored in genomic analysis of aging phenotypes due to technical and biological considerations. For example, current epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) using microarray or sequencing technologies routinely drop data on the sex chromosomes to avoid complexity in data handling and statistical modeling. This resulted in a very limited literature on epigenetic studies on aging concerning the sex chromosomes. However, recent strategic analyses of DNA methylation data on relatively large cohorts have revealed distinct but critical roles of the sex chromosomes during the aging process. The shortest in size but not least in importance. As the shortest of all human chromosomes, the Y-chromosome is generally dropped in sex combined EWASs due to limited information and reduced size of male-only samples. By focusing on relatively large DNA methylation datasets on blood samples, Jesper et al. [2] reported significant age-dependent methylation patterns on the Y-chromosome validated across multiple cohorts of the elderly. Different from the autosome that displayed a predominant pattern of decreased methylation levels with aging in the older cohorts [3], the Y-chromosome showed an overwhelmingly agedependent hyper-methylation with an accelerating rate of increase in the higher age groups. Most interestingly, nearly all CpG sites hyper-methylated with age are negatively correlated with risk of death. It is thus postulated that the observed age patterns and their correlation with mortality could possibly represent an active response to the aging process by the blood cells that contribute to maintain male survival. In addition to age-related methylation changes, loss of Y-chromosome with aging has been associated with increased risk of death [4] which further exemplifies its importance in male aging and survival. Dissecting the complexity in 2 versus 1. The Xchromosomes have been regarded as a “forbidden city” in epigenetic analysis due to sex differences in the epigenetic regulation on X-chromosome genes that impact sexual characteristics. When it comes to XEditorial
Task failure during sustained low‐intensity contraction is not associated with a critical amount of central fatigue

Fatigue‐related mechanisms induced by low‐intensity prolonged contraction in lower limb muscles are currently unknown. This study investigated central fatigue kinetics in the knee extensors during a low‐intensity sustained isometric contraction. Eleven subjects sustained a 10% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) until task failure (TF) with neuromuscular evaluation every 3 minutes. Testing encompassed transcranial magnetic stimulation to evaluate maximal voluntary activation (VATMS), motor evoked potential (MEP), and silent period (SP), and peripheral nerve stimulation to assess M‐wave. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was also recorded. MVC progressively decreased up to 50% of the time to TF (ie, 50%TTF) and then plateaued, reaching ~50% at TF (P < .001). VATMS progressively decreased up to 90%TTF and then plateaued, the decrease reaching ~20% at TF (P < .001). SP was lengthened early (ie, from 20%TTF) during the exercise and then plateaued (P < .01). No changes were reported for MEP evoked during MVC (P = .87), while MEP evoked during submaximal contractions decreased early (ie, from 20%TTF) during the exercise and then plateaued (P < .01). RPE increased linearly during the exercise to be almost maximal at TF. M‐waves were not altered (P = .88). These findings confirm that TF is due to the subjects reaching their maximal perceived effort rather than any particular central event or neuromuscular limitations since MVC at TF was far from 10% of its original value. It is suggested that strategies minimizing RPE (eg, motivational self‐talk) should be employed to enhance endurance performance.
The Proteocephalus species-aggregate (Cestoda) in sticklebacks (Gasterosteidae) of the Nearctic Region, including description of a new species from brook stickleback, Culaea inconstans.

A survey of the species of the Proteocephalus-aggregate from sticklebacks (Actinopterygii: Gasterosteidae) is provided. The occurrence of three species in North America is confirmed: (i) Proteocephalus filicollis (Rudolphi, 1802), which has been reported from the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, in the northeastern part of North America (Newfoundland); (ii) Proteocephalus pugetensis Hoff et Hoff, 1929 occurs also in G. aculeatus, but in northwestern North America (British Columbia and Washington); and (iii) Proteocephalus culaeae sp. n. , which is described from the brook stickleback, Culaea inconstans (Kirtland), in Manitoba (Canada). Another species, Proteocephalus ambiguus (Dujardin, 1845), a specific parasite of the nine-spined stickleback, Pungitius pungitius (Linnaeus), and type species of the genus, has also been found in North America (Alberta, Canada), but its vouchers are in poor condition and cannot be reliable assigned to this species. Both species reported from three-spined stickleback differ from each other by the shape of the scolex (rounded in P. filicollis versus continuously tapered towards the anterior extremity in P. pugetensis) and the apical sucker (widely oval to subspherical in frontal view in P. filicollis versus flattened in P. pugetensis). Proteocephalus culaeae sp. n. is characterised by a short body composed of a few, continuously widened proglottids, a short scolex narrower than the strobila and devoid of an apical sucker, a short, pyriform cirrus sac, no vaginal sphincter, and few testes. A key to species of the Proteocephalus-aggregate from sticklebacks is provided.
Comparison of physicochemical and mechanical properties of edible films made from navy bean and corn starches.

BACKGROUND Recently, there has been a great interest in developing new applications of edible dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The utilization of starch, the major component of dry bean seeds, to prepare edible films has just emerged. RESULTS In this study, we chose navy bean as a model dry bean source, isolated its starch component, prepared edible films with different formulations (35 and 40 g/L), and compared with the films made by isolated and commercial corn starches. Sunflower oil at 10 g/L was dispersed into film-forming solution to design composite films. The water vapor barrier property (WVP), mechanical properties and microstructure of starch films from navy bean and corn were studied to evaluate their potential to be utilized in food packaging. All the films had smooth and uniform surface and were transparent. CONCLUSIONS Navy bean starch film showed comparable physicochemical and mechanical properties to corn starch films, and the addition of sunflower oil could further improve the water vapor barrier and mechanical properties of films. It could be seen that the findings in this work demonstrated the potential of using navy bean starch to prepare edible films. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.