Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative omega‐3 fatty acid enrichment of egg yolks from first‐cycle laying hens fed flaxseed oil or ground flaxseed

&NA; When laying hen diets are enriched with omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids to generate value‐added eggs for human consumption markets, concentrations of alpha‐linolenic (ALA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) in the yolk can reach 250 mg/50 g whole egg. Flaxseed, a rich source of ALA, is commonly used for omega‐3 enrichment; however, the impact of dietary flaxseed source (extracted oil vs. milled seed) on fatty acid transfer to egg yolk in laying hens is unknown. Therefore, transfer of ALA, EPA, and DHA into egg yolk from extracted flaxseed oil or milled flaxseed was evaluated in Hy‐Line W‐36 laying hens over an 8‐week feeding period (25 to 33 wk old). Hens (n = 132) were randomly housed with 3 birds/cage (4 replicates/treatment) for each of the 11 treatment groups. Diets were isocaloric and consisted of a control diet, 5 flaxseed oil diets (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, or 5.0% flaxseed oil), and 5 milled flaxseed diets (calculated flaxseed oil concentration from milled flaxseed 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 5.0%). Increasing dietary concentrations of flaxseed oil and milled flaxseed resulted in increased ALA, EPA, and DHA concentration in egg yolk, and fatty acid deposition from flaxseed oil was 2 times greater compared to milled flaxseed when fed at the same dietary inclusions (P < 0.01). Egg yolk EPA and DHA concentrations were not different due to oil or milled source (P = 0.21); however, increasing dietary inclusion rates of flaxseed oil from either source increased yolk EPA and DHA (P < 0.01). Hens fed either flaxseed oil or milled flaxseed resulted in reduced BW change as dietary concentrations increased (P = 0.02). Feed efficiency increased as flaxseed oil increased in concentration, while feeding milled flaxseed decreased feed efficiency (P = 0.01). Analysis of the nitrogen corrected apparent metabolizable energy of flaxseed oil resulted in 7,488 kcal/kg on an as‐fed basis. Dietary flaxseed oil improved feed efficiency and increased ALA deposition into yolk compared to a milled source, demonstrating flaxseed oil to be a viable alternative for ALA egg enrichment.
Comment on "On Siphon Computation for Deadlock Control in a Class of Petri Nets"

It was claimed recently in the paper by Li and Zhou that ldquoa polynomial time algorithm for finding the set of elementary siphons in S3PRs is proposed, which avoids complete siphon enumerationrdquo. However, this is incorrect because Proposition 1 and Corollary 6 of the aforementioned paper, which lead to the claim, are both incorrect. In this correspondence paper, Proposition 1 and Corollary 6 are disproved. As a consequence, some claims of the aforesaid paper are denied. Two examples are presented to disprove some claims of the previously mentioned paper.
Hemoglobin content in intramucosal gastric carcinoma as a marker of histologic differentiation: a clinical application of quantitative electronic endoscopy.

BACKGROUND It has been suggested that the endoscopic color of intramucosal gastric carcinoma is correlated with mucosal vascularity within the carcinomatous tissue. The development of electronic endoscopy has made it possible to quantitatively measure the mucosal hemoglobin volume, using a hemoglobin index. The aims of the present study were to investigate whether this hemoglobin index is useful for evaluating the change in color of early gastric carcinoma and to verify the diagnostic value of this index for distinguishing between histologic degrees of differentiation. METHODS The ratios of the hemoglobin index of cancerous and non-cancerous mucosa for 26 differentiated and 18 undifferentiated intramucosal gastric carcinomas were determined from electronic endoscopic imaging data. RESULTS The mean ratio of the hemoglobin index of cancerous and non-cancerous mucosa in the differentiated gastric carcinomas was higher than it was in the undifferentiated carcinomas (1.23: 95% CI [1.15, 1.31] versus 0.84: 95% CI [0.81, 0. 88]). The sensitivity and specificity for discriminating undifferentiated from differentiated carcinoma were 100% and 85%, respectively. CONCLUSION Measurement of mucosal hemoglobin volume (hemoglobin index) is useful for evaluating the endoscopic color of early gastric carcinoma quantitatively and may be helpful in distinguishing differentiated from undifferentiated carcinoma.
A fast motile response in guinea‐pig outer hair cells: the cellular basis of the cochlear amplifier.

1. Outer hair cells from the cochlea of the guinea‐pig were isolated and their motile properties studied in short‐term culture by the whole‐cell variant of the patch recording technique. 2. Cells elongated and shortened when subjected to voltage steps. Cells from both high‐ and low‐frequency regions of the cochlea responded with an elongation when hyperpolarized and a shortening when depolarized. The longitudinal motion of the cell was measured by a differential photosensor capable of responding to motion frequencies 0‐40 kHz. 3. Under voltage clamp the length change of the cell was graded with command voltage over a range +/‐ 2 microns (approximately 4% of the length) for cells from the apical turns of the cochlea. The mean sensitivity of the movement was 2.11 nm/pA injected current, or 19.8 nm/mV membrane polarization. 4. The kinetics of the cell length change during a voltage step were measured. Stimulated at their basal end, cells from the apical (low‐frequency) cochlear turns responded with a latency of between 120 and 255 microseconds. The cells thereafter elongated exponentially by a process which could be characterized by three time constants, one with value 240 microseconds, and a second in the range 1.3‐2.8 ms. A third time constant with a value 20‐40 ms characterized a slower component which may represent osmotic changes. 5. Consistent with the linearity shown to voltage steps, sinusoidal stimulation of the cell generated movements which could be measured at frequencies above 1 kHz. The phase of the movement relative to the stimulus continued to grow with frequency, suggesting the presence of an absolute delay in the response of about 200 microseconds. 6. The electrically stimulated movements were insensitive to the ionic composition of the cell, manipulated by dialysis from the patch pipette. The responses occurred when the major cation was K+ or Na+ in the pipette. Loading the cell with ATP‐free solutions or calcium buffers did not inhibit the response. 7. It is concluded that interaction between actin and myosin, although present in the cell, is unlikely to account for the cell motility. Instead, it is proposed that outer hair cell motility is associated with structures in the cell cortex. The implications for cochlear mechanics of such force generation in outer hair cells are discussed.
Dynamics of the leading process, nucleus, and Golgi apparatus of migrating cortical interneurons in living mouse embryos

Precisely arranged cytoarchitectures such as layers and nuclei depend on neuronal migration, of which many in vitro studies have revealed the mode and underlying mechanisms. However, how neuronal migration is achieved in vivo remains unknown. Here we established an imaging system that allows direct visualization of cortical interneuron migration in living mouse embryos. We found that during nucleokinesis, translocation of the Golgi apparatus either precedes or occurs in parallel to that of the nucleus, suggesting the existence of both a Golgi/centrosome-dependent and -independent mechanism of nucleokinesis. Changes in migratory direction occur when the nucleus enters one of the leading process branches, which is accompanied by the retraction of other branches. The nucleus occasionally swings between two branches before translocating into one of them, the occurrence of which is most often preceded by Golgi apparatus translocation into that branch. These in vivo observations provide important insight into the mechanisms of neuronal migration and demonstrate the usefulness of our system for studying dynamic events in living animals.
HIV prevalence and phylogenetic characteristics among entry travelers in Xishuangbanna prefecture, Yunnan province, between 2003 and 2012

Xishuangbanna is a popular tourist destination in southern Yunnan Province, bordering with Vietnam and Laos, and Myanmar. There are more than 2 million cross‐border travelers annually entering China at two land ports, Daluo and Mohan. To clarify the characteristics of HIV‐1 prevalence among entry travelers, a retrospective epidemic investigation was conducted. Between 2003 and 2012, 196 among 91 432 entry travelers were detected to be HIV‐1‐positive, accounting for infection rate of 0.21%. Eighty‐one gag‐pol gene sequences were obtained for phylogenetic analyses and subsequent recombination analysis. It was shown that the most prevalent HIV‐1 subtype in this population was circulating recombinant form (CRF) 01_AE (42, 51.86%), followed by CRF08_BC (17, 20.99%), CRF07_BC (4, 4.94%), B’ (2, 2.47%), C (2, 2.47%), other recombinants (9, 11.11%), and undefined subtype (5, 6.17%). HIV‐1 genotype distribution among travelers entering at two land ports is different, CRF01_AE and CRF08_BC accounted for a larger percentage among individuals from Daluo, whereas the proportions of subtype C and undefined URFs were larger among individuals from Mohan. The undefined subtype indicates the occurrence of novel HIV‐1 subtype or CRF. This finding is useful for developing of AIDS prevention strategies.
TAK1 Mediates the Ceramide Signaling to Stress-activated Protein Kinase/c-Jun N-terminal Kinase*

Ceramide has been proposed as a second messenger molecule implicated in a variety of biological processes. It has recently been reported that ceramide activates stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK, also known as c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase JNK), a subfamily member of mitogen-activated protein kinase superfamily molecules and that the ceramide/SAPK/JNK signaling pathway is required for stress-induced apoptosis. However, the molecular mechanism by which ceramide induces SAPK/JNK activation is unknown. Here we show that TAK1, a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase family, is activated by treatment of cells with agents and stresses that induce an increase in ceramide. Ceramide itself stimulated the kinase activity of TAK1. Expression of a constitutively active form of TAK1 resulted in activation of SAPK/JNK and SEK1/MKK4, a direct activator of SAPK/JNK. Furthermore, expression of a kinase-negative form of TAK1 interfered with the activation of SAPK/JNK induced by ceramide. These results indicate that TAK1 may function as a mediator of ceramide signaling to SAPK/JNK activation.
Endophthalmitis Associated With Intravitreal Injections

With the advent of antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents such as pegaptanib and ranibizumab, we have entered a new era of pharmacotherapy delivered through frequent intravitreal injections in a large patient population. With this paradigm change in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) comes the added risk of endophthalmitis. Although the incidence of endophthalmitis seems relatively low, the potential consequences can be devastating. The application of intravitreal drug delivery is quite broad, and thus, information on its safety in various settings has been widely reported in the context of clinical trials or case series. However, it is often difficult to assess the true prevalence of endophthalmitis associated with intravitreal injections on the basis of historical data, and even harder to apply these data to new drugs and populations. This monograph will briefly review endophthalmitis occurrence and outcome in previously reviewed indications for intravitreal injections; focusing primarily on more recent advances involving intravitreal delivery of agents, such as triamcinolone, pegaptanib, and ranibizumab. Current practices of intravitreal injection to minimize the occurrence of endophthalmitis will also be discussed.
D-PUF

Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) have proved to be an effective and low-cost measure against counterfeiting by providing device authentication and secure key storage services. Memory-based PUF implementations are an attractive option due to the ubiquitous nature of memory in electronic devices and the requirement of minimal (or no) additional circuitry. Dynamic Random Access Memory-- (DRAM) based PUFs are particularly advantageous due to their large address space and multiple controllable parameters during response generation. However, prior works on DRAM PUFs use a static response-generation mechanism making them vulnerable to security attacks. Further, they result in slow device authentication, are not applicable to commercial off-the-shelf devices, or require DRAM power cycling prior to authentication. In this article, we propose D-PUF, an intrinsically reconfigurable DRAM PUF based on the idea of DRAM refresh pausing. A key feature of the proposed DRAM PUF is reconfigurability, that is, by varying the DRAM refresh-pause interval, the challenge-response behavior of the PUF can be altered, making it robust to various attacks. The article is broadly divided into two parts. In the first part, we demonstrate the use of D-PUF in performing device authentication through a secure, low-overhead methodology. In the second part, we show the generation of true random numbers using D-PUF. The design is implemented and validated using an Altera Stratix IV GX FPGA-based Terasic TR4-230 development board and several off-the-shelf 1GB DDR3 DRAM modules. Our experimental results demonstrate a 4.3×-6.4× reduction in authentication time compared to prior work. Using controlled temperature and accelerated aging tests, we also demonstrate the robustness of our authentication mechanism to temperature variations and aging effects. Finally, the ability of the design to generate random numbers is verified using the NIST Statistical Test Suite.
Performances Assessment of Direct Torque Controlled IM Drives Using Fuzzy Logic Control and Space Vector Modulation Strategy

: Direct torque control (DTC) is a high performance electric machine closed-loop control technique, which implementation is based on torque and stator flux hysteresis comparators. It is widely known to produce a precise and fast responses in AC drives. However, the classical DTC scheme has a high ripples for both electromagnetic torque and stator flux and a distortion of the stator current. As well it suffer from variable switching frequency. To solve these problems, a lot of modifications in conventional DTC scheme have been made during the last decade. Indeed the DTC based on space vector modulation (SVM) has proved to generate very low torque and flux ripples with constant switching frequency. It also show almost as good dynamic performance as the classical DTC system. On the other hand fuzzy logic is considered as interesting alternative approach for its advantages: analysis close to that user exigencies, ability of nonlinear systems control, best dynamic performances and the inherent quality of robustness. Therefore, two fuzzy direct torque control approaches for induction motor fed by SVM-voltage source inverter are proposed in this paper. Using these two approaches of DTC, the advantages of fuzzy logic control, space vector modulation and direct torque control method are combined. The performance of these DTC schemes is evaluated through digital simulation using Matlab/Simulink package and fuzzy logic tools. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness and the superiority of the proposed Fuzzy DTC-SVM schemes over the classical DTC.
Versican in epithelial ovarian cancer: Relation to hyaluronan, clinicopathologic factors and prognosis

Versican, a proteoglycan previously reported to increase in other malignant tumours, was studied immunohistochemically in 299 primary epithelial ovarian cancers, their 43 metastases and 6 normal ovaries to evaluate its prognostic value and relation to hyaluronan, another extracellular matrix molecule increased in cancer and a binding partner of versican. The stainings were scored according to the area percentage of strong versican signal of total peri‐ and intratumoural stroma as low (<15%) or high (≥15%). Epithelial staining of the tumours was scored as positive or negative. Low and high area percentage of strong stromal versican staining were observed in 133 and 166 carcinomas, respectively. A low area percentage of strong stromal versican staining correlated with mucinous histology (p = 0.019) and early International Federation of Gynecologists and Obstetritians (FIGO) stage (p < 0.0005), whereas a high percentage was associated with reduced 5‐year survival rate of the patients (44% vs. 32%; p = 0.032). Versican was associated with the cancer cells in 151 tumours and correlated with clear cell histology (p < 0.0005), early FIGO stage (p = 0.049) and increased recurrence‐free survival (63% vs. 47%; p = 0.032). However, in Cox's multivariate analyses with the conventional prognostic factors included, neither stromal nor cancer cell‐associated versican reached a significant prognostic value. Versican is thus enriched in the malignant stroma surrounding and promoting the growth of ovarian cancer, probably acting with hyaluronan, and associates with unfavourable prognosis but does not constitute an independent indicator of patient survival. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spatial-gradient-local-inhomogeneity: an efficient image-denoising prior

We provide an efficient image-denoising prior, spatial-gradient-local-inhomogeneity (SGLI), which can be successfully applied to image reconstruction. The SGLI prior employs two complementary discontinuity measures: spatial gradient and local inhomogeneity. The spatial gradient measures effectively preserves strong edge components of images, while the local inhomogeneity measure successfully detects locations of the significant discontinuities considering uniformity of small regions. The two complementary measures are elaborately combined into the SGLI prior for image denoising. Thus, the SGLI prior effectively preserves feature components such as edges and textures of images while reducing noise. Comparative results indicate that the proposed SGLI prior is very effective in dealing with the image denoising problem from corrupted images.
Multiple origins of serpentine-soil endemism explained by preexisting tolerance of open habitats

Plant specialization on soils derived from unusual parent materials is an important contributor to regional biodiversity. These stressful substrates include serpentine, gabbro, and other ultramafic rocks rich in heavy metals. The effect of substrate on plant diversity is illustrated by serpentine soils in California: they comprise less than 1% of the surface of the state (1), but serpentine endemics (species restricted to serpentine soils) make up about 10% of the flora (2). How such “edaphic endemics” (plants restricted to stressful soils) evolve is a long-standing question that remains largely unresolved. For example, plant tolerance of serpentine soils may often involve tradeoffs in competitive ability, and restriction to serpentine soil may reflect poor competitive ability on less stressful soils rather than obligate association (3⇓–5), although possible counter-examples exist (6). A common feature of plant communities on stressful soils is the wide spacing of plants and openness of the habitat. Openness may itself be stressful for a variety of reasons (detailed below) (7⇓–9). In PNAS, Cacho and Strauss (10) use a novel comparative experimental approach to explicitly assess the role of openness vs. soil chemistry as factors in the evolution of plant tolerance of, and endemism to, serpentine soils.
Contextualized recommendations for the socio-semantic web

In recent years, recommender systems have been widely used for a variety of different kinds of items such as books, movies, and music. However, current recommendation approaches have often been criticized to suffer from overspecialization thus not enough considering a user’s diverse topics of interest. In this thesis we present a novel approach to extracting contextualized user profiles which enable recommendations taking into account a user’s full range of interests. The method applies algorithms from the domain of topic detection and tracking to automatically identify diverse user interests and to represent them with descriptive labels. That way manual annotations of interest topics by the users, e. g. , from a predefined domain taxonomy, are no longer required. The approach has been tested in two scenarios: First, we implemented a content-based recommender system for an Enterprise 2.0 resource sharing platform where the contextualized user interest profiles have been used to generate recommendations with a high degree of inter-topic diversity. In an effort to harness the collective intelligence of the users, the resources in the system were described by making use of user-generated metadata. The evaluation experiments show that our approach is likely to capture a multitude of diverse interest topics per user. The labels extracted are specific for these topics and can be used to retrieve relevant on-topic resources. Second, a slightly adapted variation of the algorithm has been used to target music recommendations based on the user’s current mood. In this scenario music artists are described by using freely available Semantic Web data from the Linked Open Data cloud thus not requiring expensive metadata annotations by experts. The evaluation experiments conducted show that many users have a multitude of different preferred music styles. However a correlation between these music styles and music mood categories could not be observed. An integration of our proposed user profiles with existing user model ontologies seems promising for enabling context-sensitive recommendations.
Evaluation of glottal inverse filtering by means of physiological registrations

Over the years a number of inverse filtering methods for recovering the volume flow at the glottis from the acoustic speech signal have been designed. Formal tests of these methods have, however, been the exception rather than the rule. We describe an attempt to use registrations of the electroglottogram, photo-electroglottogram and the subglottal pressure, recorded at the same time as the speech signals, to establish the instants of opening, closing and maximal width of the glottis. Although the determination of those epochs from the registrations proved to be less straighforward than anticipated we have succeeded in showing their usefulness for evaluating the accuracy of flow pulses reconstructed by means of inverse filtering techniques.
Outcomes of Modified Formal Online Debating in Graduate Nursing Education

Abstract Formal debating is a process for argumentation with a long history of use in classroom settings to promote students’ development of skills associated with influencing others. In an online, 14-week, MN nursing course, modified formal debate procedures and rules were used to address contemporary issues in nursing. A qualitative descriptive study of student’s reflections about engaging in the debate process was conducted involving 24 of 48 students representing three sections of this course taught by three professors during the 2009-2010 academic year. On analysis, the data revealed five categories of outcomes: 1) Risk Taking; 2) Defence of a Position; 3) Coverage of all Aspects; 4) Skill and Knowledge Transfer; and 5) Critical Thinking. Additionally, factors that influenced each of these outcomes are described. Study findings support the compelling benefits of debating in online learning environments using a format modified for use online.