Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Compréhension de la libération et de la perception des compsés d'arome en condition de consommation: cas du yaourt brassé aromatisé.

The influence of complex viscosity, induced by protein composition and mechanical treatment, on olfactory perception of flavoured stirred yogurts during eating has been studied through physicochemical and sensory approaches. The complex viscosity of yogurts influenced the sensory properties and the aroma release in static conditions that means in non mixing and in equilibrium conditions. Generally, the most viscous yogurts released less quantity of aroma compounds and were perceived less intense in aroma, whatever the factors of variation of the complex viscosity (mechanical treatment or protein composition). As consumption is a dynamic process, in vivo measurements of aroma release in nasal cavity were performed in parallel to the evaluation of olfactory perception during eating. At swallowing, the aroma quantity released in the nasal cavity, which is dependent on complex viscosity differences can explained the perceived intensity. Moreover, protein composition influences the aroma release only when the yogurts present wide variations of complex viscosity, and subsequent texture. But no effect of protein composition on aroma release and perception is observed when the yogurts were subjected to a high mechanical treatment. Thus, in mouth, the aroma release and the olfactory perception are more influenced by complex viscosity variations than by interactions between aroma compounds and proteins. In order to specify the hypotheses of the mechanisms of aroma release in mouth, the impact of shearing on yogurts was investigated in in vitro conditions. But, the aroma release is not influenced by this shearing. Thus complex viscosity, which could explained the exchange area generated between product and mouth cavity, would be the key factor at the origin of the olfactory perception. Moreover, the influence of packaging on physicochemical and sensory characteristics of flavoured stirred yogurts was studied during the storage. The physicochemical and sensory properties of low fat stirred yogurts are more influenced by the type of packaging than those of 4% fat stirred yogurts. To avoid the loss of the fruity notes of the yogurts, a polystyrene packaging seems better. These results showed the necessity of integrating the nature of packaging into the formulation of the aroma composition of yogurts.
Spectroscopic Characterization of Compost at Different Maturity Stages

We studied the physicochemical and molecular changes of compost during its maturation within 60, 90, and 150 days after the composting process. Moreover, the changes were also studied in compost residues after sequential removal of lipidic compounds. Infrared DRIFT spectrometry and 13 C-CPMAS-NMR spectroscopy indicate that the molecular composition of compost changes dramatically during the stabilization period. The most decomposable components, mainly represented by bioavailable lipidic and peptidic structures, were progressively mineralized passing from 60 days to longer periods of compost stabilization. At increasing maturity stages, the composition of organic matter underwent a progressive enrichment in stable hydrophobic and ligno-cellulosic material. The sequential extraction of lipidic compounds allowed an improved characterization of substrates and confirmed the outlined progressive transformation of compost. Compost may well be chosen on the basis of selected characteristics for environmental applications.
Food Tourism Reviewed Using the Paradigm Funnel Approach

The number of articles studying food and its use as a tourism resource has grown rapidly in recent years. This article provides a review of the articles examining one of the major themes found in this literature: the marketing of food as an attraction to tourists. A systematic review of the food-tourism literature identified 48 relevant journal articles in eight journals. These articles are discussed based on their research topic, focus (demand or supply-side), methodology, and their academic contribution using paradigm funnel approach. The selected 48 articles focus mainly on Level 2 and 3 of the paradigm funnel. Results indicate that future research would benefit from use of new theoretical approaches as well as further exploration of the decision making process of tourists with an interest in food.
Effects of crystal orientation and aspect ratio on plastic response of aluminium nanowires under torsion

The plastic response of perfect face-centred cubic single-crystal aluminium (Al) nanowires (NWs) under torsion is studied using molecular dynamics simulations. The Al–Al interaction is described by the many-body tight-binding potential. The effects of the crystal orientation and aspect ratio of the NWs on their deformation are evaluated in terms of atomic trajectories, potential energy, a centrosymmetry parameter and the torque required for deformation. Simulation results clearly show that for NWs, regardless of crystal orientation, dislocations nucleate and propagate on the (1 1 1) close-packed plane. In a NW under torsion, dislocations begin at the surface, extend to the interior along the (1 1 1) close-packed plane and finally diffuse to the middle part. A 〈1 1 0〉-oriented NW has the lowest required torque for deformation due to the occurrence of homogeneous deformation. The mechanism of the plastic response of an Al NW depends on its crystal orientation. For a long NW, geometry instability occurs before material instability (buckling).
Controlling Crystallinity in Graft Ionomers, and Its Effect on Morphology, Water Sorption, and Proton Conductivity of Graft Ionomer Membranes

To gain insight into the role of crystallinity and morphology on proton transport through solid polymer electrolytes, we synthesized graft copolymers, poly(vinylidene difluoride-co-chlorotrifluoroethylene)-g-polystyrene [P(VDF-co-CTFE)-g-PS], consisting of a hydrophobic, fluorous backbone and styrenic graft chain of varied length (DPstyrene = 39, 62, and 79), by graft atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The polystyrene graft chains were subsequently sulfonated to different degrees to provide three series of polymers with controlled ion exchange capacity (IEC). The crystallinity and morphology of solution-cast membranes were examined by XRD and TEM, respectively. The grafting of the parent side chain is found to hinder crystallization of the fluorous backbone and the impact of the degree of sulfonation of the side chain on the crystallinity of the polymer is dependent on the graft length: No impact is found for medium and long graft lengths, but for short graft length copolymers (PS39), the degree.
Mechanical properties of niobium disulfide and its hydrated sodium cation intercalation compound

Mechanical properties of 2H–NbS_2 and its intercalation derivative Na_ x (H_2O)_ y NbS_2 were measured by using nanoindentation techniques. The intercalation chemical process was conducted in solution and the cation–hydrated derivative produced was [Na_ x (H_2O)_ y NbS_2]. It was observed that the intercalation process occurs through the crystal edges producing a wave intercalation's front that moved as the reaction proceeded. The hardness and elastic modulus presented very low values in the intercalated region. The load × displacement curves from nanoindentation tests suggested that intercalation of hydrated sodium ions through the edges caused layer separation even in the nonintercalated region at the center of the crystal. It is important to emphasize that no similar studies were found in the literature about this theme. Intercalation process is very important in several areas, like solid-state batteries, and mechanical properties of these kinds of materials are not completely understood. This study is a new approach to understanding the mechanical behavior of layered materials submitted to an intercalation process.
Initiation Reactions of Lipid Peroxidation: A Raman Spectroscopic and Quantum-Mechanical Study

Near-infrared (NIR) Raman spectroscopy has been used to observe the spectrum changes of linolenic acid during the iron-dependent lipid peroxidation reactions. The intensity of several bands including those at 726, 977, 1264, 1658, and 3014 cm−1 decreased after lipid peroxidation. Other notable changes after lipid peroxidation include the appearance of a couple of new bands at 1165 and 1638 cm−1. The Raman spectrum change was suppressed by an antioxidant, 21-aminosteroid. Harmonic ab initio vibrational analysis was performed for two model structures: one for the pure linolenic acid and another for a peroxidation product. The calculations by the Hartree–Fock (HF) method and a density functional theory (DFT) indicate that a new band which appeared at 1638 cm−1 after lipid peroxidation is due to the rearrangement of skeletal double bonds.
Saturated and compressed liquid heat capacity at constant volume for 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide)

One-phase liquid and two-phase liquid + vapour equilibrium, isochoric heat capacities () and densities () were measured for ionic liquid (IL) 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ([C6mim][NTf2]). Measurements were concentrated near the liquid-gas phase transition curve in order to closely observe the changes. The measurements have been made over the temperature range from (330 to 480) K and pressures up to 20 MPa using a high-temperature, high-pressure, nearly constant volume adiabatic calorimeter. The values of temperature at the liquid-gas phase transition curve for each measured isochore (phase transition parameters, ) were obtained by analysis of the quasistatic thermograms (readings of PRT, T− plot) and barograms (readings of the pressure transducer, P− plot). The combined expanded uncertainty of the density, , and isochoric heat capacity, , measurements at the 95% confidence level with a coverage factor of k = 2 is estimated to be 0.06% and 2.0%, respectively.
EVALUATION OF ROLE OF GABAPENTIN AS PRE - EMPTIVE ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING TOTAL ABDOMINAL HYSTERECTOMY

: BACKGROUND: Key part of recovery in post-operative period is adequate control of pain during rest and with activity. With the knowledge of and familiarity with pharmacology, various regional techniques, and the neurobiology of nociception, anaesthesiologists are continually in the forefront of clinical and research advances in acute postoperative pain management. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of Gabapentin in pre-emptive analgesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study design was randomized and doubles blind. The patients were divided into 2 groups of 25 each with the help of computer generated random allocation. All patients were of ASA I- II physical status. Study group consisted of 25 patients receiving 300 mg of oral gabapentin 2 hours before surgery and the control group consisted of 25 patients receiving placebo 2 hours before surgery. Vitals, pain scores, adverse effects, time and dosage of rescue analgesic were recorded at 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 hours RESULTS: Patients who received Gabapentin had statistically significant low pain scores, lesser requirement of rescue analgesic compared to placebo group. However, there is no statistically significant difference in haemodynamics and side-effects CONCLUSION: Gabapentin provides good pain relief in postoperative period. Hence, can be used as a pre-emptive analgesic. Inhibition of afferent pain pathways by use of local anesthetic blocks, altered perception of pain with opioid use, and inhibition of pain pathways by NMDA receptor antagonists are examples of pre-emptive analgesia. Using a combination of pre-emptive modalities and addressing patients' can aid in interrupting pathologic pain cycles. Maximal clinical benefit is seen when there is complete blockade of noxious stimuli with extension of this block the postoperative period. By preventing central sensitisation pre-emptive analgesia along with intensive multimodal analgesic interventions may reduce acute postoperative pain and chronic pain after surgery.
EFFECT OF SALICYLIC ACID AND/OR Pseudomonas fluorescens ON POTATO STRESSED WITH Ralstonia solanacearum

The present study was undertaken to unravel the biocontrol potential of Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf) against potato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum and the possible augmentative effect of salicylic acid (SA) in this respect. Pathogen-inoculated and uninoculated plants were treated with either Pf, SA or both, and the effects of the treatments were tested on the pathogen prevalence, management and some pathogenesis-related biochemical constituents as well as on vegetative growth parameters of the host. In addition, molecular analysis was performed to assess the antibiotic-producing ability of Pf. Results indicated that Pf harbors the phlD gene encoding the antibiotic 2, 4-diacetylphloroglucinol. Application of SA augmented the biocontrol effect of Pf hence, the suppressive effect of the combined treatment surpassed that of either Pf or SA alone. Besides the direct effect of the combined treatment on the pathogen, indirect effects manifested by increasing the accumulation of ascorbate, phenols, chlorophylls and carotenoids as well as by inducing activity of the antioxidant enzymes peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Direct and indirect effects of the combined treatment were reflected in enhanced growth of Pf+SA-treated plants compared with untreated, pathogen-inoculated plants. It was concluded that SA could be utilized to boost the biocontrol action of Pf as an environment-friendly approach for controlling potato bacterial wilt disease.
XPS Investigation of Surface Chemistry of Magnesium Electrodes in Contact with Organic Solutions of Organochloroaluminate Complex Salts

Metallic magnesium can be reversibly deposited from ethereal solutions of magnesium−aluminum complex salts of the general structure Mg(AlCl4-nRn)2, where R = alkyl. In contrast to the case of lithium surfaces, already thoroughly investigated, the surface state of magnesium electrodes in contact with organic solutions is yet unclear. In this paper we report on a systematic surface analysis of magnesium electrodes in contact with various organic solutions, using XPS. We find in both clean tetrahydrofurane (THF) and THF solutions of dibutylmagnesium or butylmagnesium chloride that the metal surface consists of magnesium oxide and hydroxide (probably developed during manipulation and sample transfer); however, it does not develop thick passivation layers. In THF solutions containing Mg(AlEtBuCl2)2, surface residuals of carbon, aluminum, and chlorine are detected yet are restricted to the outermost part of the surface, as physically adsorbed species. From their concentration one deduces that both the complex s.
Migrants from food cans revisited – application of a stochastic model for a more realistic assessment of exposure to bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE)

We have used a two‐dimensional probabilistic model to estimate the short‐term dietary exposure of UK consumers to bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) migrating from light metal food packaging. Using three UK National Dietary and Nutrition Surveys comprising 4–7‐day dietary surveys for different ages and genders, actual body weights and survey years, a sample representative of the UK population was obtained, comprising around 4200 food items. The packaging type of each food item was assigned by utilizing known packaging type from the database or by sampling from a distribution based upon market share information or expert judgement. For concentration data, we have used published data for foods or food simulants or a combination of both. The probabilistic approach allowed sensitivity analysis to evaluate the relative importance of the input parameters and placed confidence bounds on the outputs to show the effect of the uncertainties. The refined estimates gave an exposure for UK consumers, at the 97.5th percentile level, of 0.41–0.83 μ/kg body weight (bw)/day for the different age ranges and scenarios run. All estimates are well below the new tolerable daily intake value of 150 μ/kg bw/day for BADGE and its two hydrolysed forms, and are also well below the restriction value of 17 μ/kg bw/day for the other regulated BADGE derivatives. The main contributors to exposure are beverages, along with aqueous and acidic foods. This is because of the high consumption of these classes of foodstuffs, even though levels of migration into these foodstuffs and into their appropriate simulants is normally non‐detectable. Reducing the non‐detectable level six‐fold reduced the estimate of exposure by 40–60%. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular Orbital Studies of Hydrogen Bonds. III. C=O···H–O Hydrogen Bond in H2CO···H2O and H2CO···2H2O

Ab initio LCAO–MO–SCF calculation for H2CO···H2O is carried out with a minimal Slater basis set. The most stable conformation has an O···H distance of 1.89 A with <C=O···H=− 64° and a stabilization energy of 3.5 kcal/mole, about a half of that for H2O···H2O. Nonlinear and π hydrogen bonds, H2CO···2H2O and the O···H–C hydrogen bond in H2O···HCHO, are also studied. An energy decomposition scheme is proposed and applied to H2CO···H2O and H2O···H2O. In the latter the electrostatic energy 8.0 kcal/mole, the exchange repulsion − 9.9 kcal/mole, the polarization and dispersion energy 0.3 kcal/mole, and the delocalization energy 8.2 kcal/mole are in good agreement with Coulson's estimates.
Hydrogen Desorption from the NaNH2−MgH2 System

Ball-milled sodium amide and magnesium hydride (NaNH2:MgH2 = 1:1 molar ratio) desorbs 3.3 wt % of hydrogen between 70 and 335 °C with three desorption events. X-ray diffraction indicates that the hydrogen desorption is associated with two unidentified magnesium-containing phases. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicates that these two phases correspond to an imide and nitride, respectively. Analysis of the desorption products shows a large excess of NaH and MgH2 and that optimizing the starting reagents will increase both the kinetics and the amount of hydrogen desorbed from the system below 165 °C.
Mechanism of Thermoplasticity for Chemically-Modified Wood

On the basis of a concept of the free volume, the mechanism of thermoplasticity for chemically-modified wood which was treated with trifluoroacetic acid anhydride and the fatty acid (TFAA method), is discussed. A proportional relationship between the Volumetrie swelling with the treatment and the free volume was derived from experimental results and the volume of various introduced side-chains. Moreover, systematic dependence of viscoelastic properties on the amount and the length of the introduced side-chains was due to creation of the free volume in wood substance. From both results and the assumption that TFAA method breaks down the lignin network, the mechanism of thermoplasticity is explained äs follows. The introduction of side-chains into wood substance and breakdown of the lignin network during the reaction cause the Volumetrie swelling which is proportional to the sum of the volume of introduced side-chains and the free volume. Then, the interaction between molecules of wood components decreases because of the creation of the free volume and the modified wood substance has thermoplasticity, when large or many side-chains are introduced with chemical modification.
Interparticle Forces Arising from Adsorbed Surfactants in Colloidal Suspensions: An Additional Attractive Force

Abstract The effects of alkyl chain length and concentration of surfactant on the yield stress–pH behavior of a 57 wt% ZrO2suspension were evaluated. An alkyl chain lengthnof between 5 to 12 carbons was used. For chain lengthn≥ 7, a much larger maximum yield stress (at zero zeta potential) than that without additive was recorded. The increase in the maximum yield stress is as much as sixfold. Generally, a higher surfactant concentration leads to a higher yield stress. The increase in the maximum yield stress is quite insensitive to surfactant chain length. Ionic strength appears to have no effect on the yield stress–pH behavior of suspensions with a surfactant. The data are consistent with the observation of a long-range attractive (hydrophobic) force measured in surface force experiments.
Spectral diffusion of individual pentacene, terrylene, and dibenzanthanthrene molecules in n-tetradecane

The spectral stability of three guest molecules embedded in a quickly frozen n-tetradecane matrix has been investigated on a single-molecular level at liquid-helium temperature. In total, about 2500 spectral trajectories of 476 terrylene molecules, 328 dibenzanthanthrene molecules, and 252 pentacene molecules were recorded. Both line broadening and spectral jumps are analyzed and the latter are found to be mainly light induced. The spectral changes in essence reflect the dynamics of the host matrix and the differences between the guest molecules may be reduced to differences in their pumping cycles.
Microbiological Chitosan: Potential Application as Anticariogenic Agent

Dental caries is the most prevalent oral disease that affects a significant part of the world population, especially in less developed countries. It is universally accepted that the dental caries is a chronic and multifactorial disease [1-3]. The permanence of the bacterial plaque on the tooth surface will lead to loss of minerals constituents of the dental enamel promoting the installation of the carie disease. The carious lesion is characterized by the tooth structure (hydroxyapatite) demineralization by the production of organic acids, such as lactic acid, resulting from bacterial (dental biofilm) metabolism. This results in loss of calcium and phosphate ions which subsequently diffuse out of the tooth. In this complex process, the microorganisms, particularly Streptococcus species, have an important role in its etiology [3-5].
'Smart' polymers in biotechnology and medicine

'Smart' water-soluble polymers and hydrogels are capable of responding reversibly to slight changes in the properties of the medium (pH, temperature, ionic strength, the presence of certain substances, illumination, electric field), the response of the system being readily seen with the naked eye (the formation of a new phase in a hitherto homogeneous solution, sudden swelling or contraction of the hydrogel). The properties of such polymers and hydrogels are examined. The use of 'smart' polymers and hydrogels for the concentration of protein solutions and the dehydration of suspensions, for the creation of membranes with a controllable permeability, for the isolation and purification of biomolecules, for the immobilisation of biocatalysts, and for the creation of sensor systems and systems for the controlled release of medicinal drugs is discussed. The bibliography includes 261 references.