Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dynamic mechanical spectrometry of nylon‐12

The shear modulus and loss of ca. 30% crystalline nylon-12 have been measured over the temperature range 100–440 K and frequency range 10−4−1 Hz. The effect of water and physical aging of the amorphous regions on the relaxation spectra have been investigated. Absorbed water decreases both the temperature and height of the γ-relaxation peak, induces a β-relaxation peak, and decreases the temperature of the α-relaxation peak. These results are interpreted in terms of the hydrogen-bonding effect of water on nylon-12 monomer and polymer. The G″ spectrum of the polymer has a half-width of ca. 6 decades of frequency, and neither the G″, nor G″, nor the tan ϕ spectra can be superposed by shifting along the frequency axis. The large half-width is attributed to the random distribution of crystalline regions in the polymer. The results are further discussed in terms of hydrogen-bonding, with or without H2O, and compared with the properties of other nylons.
A general and simple method to synthesize well-crystallized nanostructured vanadium oxides for high performance Li-ion batteries

A remarkably simple and effective high-temperature mixing method under hydrothermal conditions was applied to synthesize well-crystallized V3O7·H2O nanobelts, VO2 (B) nanosheets and VO2 (A) nanorods with good performances for Li-ion batteries. In particular, V3O7·H2O exhibited an excellent electrochemical performance. The outstanding electrochemical properties were explained through analysis of the crystal structures.
The Effective Dielectric Constant of Silicon Dioxides Deposited in the Spaces Between Adjacent Conductors

The effective dielectric constants, , of silicon dioxides deposited onto a metallic comb structure were compared with the values, e, (obtained using metal oxide semiconductors capacitors) for the same oxides deposited (under identical conditions) on smooth horizontal surfaces. The value of was calculated from the measured capacitance of the comb structure using the procedure described in the Appendix. For an oxide, deposited at 390°C by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (CVD), plasma enhanced CVD (PECVD), using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and , compared with . The differences were much smaller for PECVD oxides; no significant differences were observed for PECVD ECR oxides and for sputtered oxides.
Quantitative material characterization by ultrasonic AFM

In an atomic force microscope equipped with a micromachined cantilever tip, the cantilever vibration spectra in contact with the sample were found to be strongly dependent on the excitation power. However, if the excitation power is small enough, the resonance peak width decreases and the peak frequency increases to a certain limiting value. In this condition the tip-sample contact is kept linear, and satisfactory agreement between the measured and calculated frequency is obtained, assuming a constant contact stiffness; the agreement is further improved by taking into account the lateral stiffness. More quantitative information on the elasticity of the sample is obtained from the contact load dependence of the frequency, where contact stiffness of a non-spherical tip shape is derived from the Sneddon-Maugis formulation, and the tip shape index is estimated by an inverse analysis of the load-frequency relation. A further advantage of evaluating not only the vertical but also the lateral stiffness is demonstrated on a ground silicon wafer by simultaneous measurement of deflection and torsional vibration.
Nanopesticides: State of Knowledge, Environmental Fate, and Exposure Modeling

Published literature has been reviewed in order to (a) explore the (potential) applications of nanotechnology in pesticide formulation, (b) identify possible impacts on environmental fate, and (c) analyze the suitability of current exposure assessment procedures to account for the novel properties of nanopesticides within the EU regulatory context. The term nanopesticide covers a wide variety of products and cannot be considered to represent a single category. Many nanoformulations combine several surfactants, polymers, and metal nanoparticles in the nanometer size range. The aims of nanoformulations are generally common to other pesticide formulations, these being to increase the apparent solubility of poorly soluble active ingredients, to release the active ingredient in a slow/targeted manner and/or to protect against premature degradation. Nanoformulations are thus expected to (a) have significant impacts on the fate of active ingredients and/or (b) introduce new ingredients for which the environmental fate is still poorly understood (e.g., nanosilver). Therefore, it seems that adaptations of current exposure assessment approaches will be necessary, at least for some nanopesticides. The present analysis provides a useful framework to identify priorities for future research in order to achieve more robust risk assessments of nanopesticides.
Power Control in Solar Battery Charging Station using Fuzzy Decision Support System for Electric Vehicles

Renewable Energy Sources (RES) are clean and abundantly available in nature. Solar energy is one of the best RES to substitute conventional energy sources. Electric power generated from solar energy is governed by solar irradiance that is stochastic in nature. Attaining a stable power generation from this penetrating unpredictable solar energy is a major issue to be resolved. The surplus power generated from solar Photo Voltaic panels (SPV) can be stored in Energy Storage Devices (ESD) like battery and retrieved if the power generated from SPV is deficient to meet the load demand. Controlling of power flow from SPV panels to load and battery is a challenging task due to variations in source, load and State of Charge (SoC) of battery. In this paper, a Fuzzy Decision Support System (FDSS) is proposed to control power flow between two pools namely pool1 (local system) and pool2 (inter system) and each pool consists of SPV panel, load and ESD. FDSS controls the charging of ESD in case of surplus power generated and retrieving to meet the load in case of deficient power supply from SPV panels and delivering power to the critical load of neighboring pool in case of demand. The load in this paper represents charging of electric vehicle(s).
Vacuum Plasma Spray Deposition of Titanium Particle/Glass‐Ceramic Matrix Biocomposites

The vacuum plasma spray technique (VPS) has been successfully employed to coat Ti-6A1-4V substrates with bioactive glasses and Ti-particle/glass-ceramic matrix biocomposites. The composites were prepared by sintering, under an Ar flow, green bars of bioactive glass powders and 30% volume Ti particles. The bioactive glasses have the two following compositions: SCB (48.8SiO2−48.8CaO−2.4B2O3) and TSCB (46.6SiO2−48.7CaO−2.5B2O3−2.2TiO2) (mol%). The VPS bioactive coatings were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and mechanical tests (Vickers indentations and tensile and shear tests). Their bioactivity was tested by soaking the samples in a simulated body fluid (SBF) and by analyzing the growth of hydroxylapatite (HA) by SEM, EDS, and XRD. Leaching tests of Ca, Si, and P in SBF were made by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES, Perkin-Elmer 5000) to study the in vitro bioactivity of the samples versus time. Each coating was found to be bioactive and well bonded to the substrate; the composites showed better mechanical properties than the pure glass matrices and the hydroxylapatite coatings deposited by the same VPS technique.
A spectroscopic and computational exploration of tryptophan–water cluster structures in the gas phase

Mass-selected R2PI spectra of hydrated tryptophan clusters, generated through thermal evaporation into an expanding moist argon jet, have been recorded and analysed using ultra-violet hole-burn and infra-red ion dip spectroscopy, and interpreted in the light of a series of ab initio calculations for singly, doubly and triply hydrated structures. Despite the wide range of conformers populated in the monomer, the majority of the hydrated tryptophan clusters populate two, very similar structures only. Analysis of their infrared ion-dip spectra does not favour their assignment to either single or double hydrates, but does support their assignment to a pair of near degenerate, triply hydrated clusters. In contrast to other, related molecules, the most stable monomer tryptophan conformation is altered by the hydration. Time of flight mass spectra, reflecting the population of hydrated tryptophan clusters prepared through thermal evaporation into an expanding moist argon jet, differ strikingly from the equivalent spectra generated under laser desorption conditions, where a propensity for generating signal in the Trp·W(3)+ mass channel is observed.
One Pot Synthesis of Barbiturates on Reaction of Barbituric Acid with Aldehydes Under Microwave Irradiation Using a Variety of Catalysts

Abstract The condensation of barbituric acid with aldehydes under microwave irradiation in dry media has been investigated in the presence of NH4OAc/AcOH (4/3, w/w) (41–54%), Montmorillonite K-10 (49–60%), Silica gel (52–63%), basic Al2O3 (56–67%), NaCl (57–69%), Montmorillonite KSF (62–70%), and KSF + NaCl (1:1, w/w) (70–89%).
Role of vibrational softening in fast dynamics of an amorphous polyimide far below Tg

We report quasielastic neutron scattering results on an amorphous polyimide (AURUM) in a temperature range from 10 to 300 K below the glass transition temperature Tg(=250 °C). As temperature increases from 10 K, anharmonic excess scattering intensity appears at around 200 K or about 300 K below Tg. This excess scattering is very similar to the so-called fast process in picosecond order observed for glass-forming polymers as well as organic and inorganic low molecular weight glass-forming materials. We first analyzed the spectra in a simple way assuming validity of the Bose scaling for the vibrational density of states and a Lorentzian for the additional relaxational process, and found that the excess scattering intensity appears in the frequency range below the Boson peak and the characteristic time is independent of temperature which are common features for the fast processes reported previously. The second analysis using the recent vibration-relaxation (VR) model, which is more realistic, indicated that.
Batch Test for Assessing the Mineralization of 14C-Radiolabeled Compounds under Realistic Anaerobic Conditions

A test system is described for assessing the mineralization of 14C-radiolabeled compounds to carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) under anaerobic conditions. Environmentally realistic concentrations of test chemicals were incubated with anaerobic digester sludge in sealed vessels at 35 °C. The headspace of these vessels was continuously purged with nitrogen, which was passed through a series of potassium hydroxide (KOH) scrubbers to trap 14CO2. This effluent gas was mixed with oxygen and passed through a combustion tube containing cupric oxide at 800 °C to convert 14CH4 to 14CO2, which was subsequently trapped in a second series of KOH traps. Trapping efficiency was 97.1 ± 5% for 14CO2 and 108 ± 13% for 14CH4. The system was used to evaluate the mineralization of several organic chemicals including glucose, palmitic acid, hexadecanol, and two surfactants, alkyl ethoxylate sulfate (AES) and alkyl sulfate (AS), in anaerobic digester sludge. Total yields of 14CH4 and 14CO2 from these compounds exceeded 80%.
Acne: relação hospedeiro-patogeno

Acne is a cronic inflammatory disease of the skin, with a high prevalence in general population, especially teenagers and young adults. Its pathogenesis is not totally understood. Propionibacterium acnes, a species that lives in pilosebaceous follicles of humans with and without acne, plays a fundamental role at induction of the inflammatory responses of the hosts, crucial for the pathogenesis of acne and responsables for the clinic manifestation of the disease. P. acnes contributes to the inflammatory nature of acne, by stimulating the release of proinflammatory cytokines from innate immune cells, keranocytes and sebocytes. Acnes shows up clinically, on the form of inflammatory acne with discrete comedones, or follicular papules and on the form of noninflammatory acnes with predominance of local and systemic inflammation. The parts of the skin that are more affected are mostly in areas where is a high concentration of pilosebaceous follicles, for example, the face and the chest. The therapeutic targets are focused on the main factors involved in the etiopathogenesis of acne: the increase production of tallow, hyperkeratinization, colonization by P. acnes and inflammatory reaction produced. The aim of the treatment includes resolution of the lesions, prevention of scars and reduction of psychological morbidity. Acne is classified based on its type and lesions gravity, which can be helpful in choosing the appropriate treatment. Topic retinoids are effective on the treatment of inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions, constituting almost always an option to have on account in any form of acnes presentation. Benzoyl peroxide is a bactericidal agent known to not induce bacterial resistance. From other side, the increase of resistance of P. acnes to antibacterials has limited its use in monotherapy. The oral isotretoine is an effective option for the more aggressive forms of acne, however, for being a drug with significant multiple side events, some measures should be taken before, during and after the treatment. Keyword: acne vulgaris, Propionibacterium acnes, treatment acne, acne pathogenesis, acne epidemiology
Study of Pt-promoted cobalt CO hydrogenation catalysts

The influence of small amounts of Pt on supported Co catalysts has been investigated by several methods. Catalysts containing 9 wt. % Co and 0 or 0.4 wt. % Pt on Al2O3 or SiO2 were prepared by coimpregnation. At T = 483 K, P = 1 bar, and H2/CO = 7, CO hydrogenation rates (based on weight of cobalt) for Pt-promoted catalysts were 3-5 times higher than those on their unpromoted analogues. The selectivity was not influenced by the presence of Pt. TPR-studies have shown that the presence of Pt strongly influences the reducibility of the catalysts, with TPR-peaks shifting to lower temperatures for all catalysts. This effect is most pronounced on the Al2O3-supported catalysts, where the highly dispersed and otherwise difficult to reduce surface cobalt oxides are readily reduced at normal reduction temperatures (623 K) in the presence of Pt. The dispersion of metallic cobalt on Pt promoted catalysts increased compared to that on the unpromoted catalysts, with Al2O3-supported catalysts showing the largest effect due to the reduction of highly dispersed surface cobalt oxide. Apparent turnover numbers (based on H2-chemisorption) were higher for Pt-promoted catalysts than for their unpromoted analogues by a factor of ≃ 2. Decoupling coverage and intrinsic reactivity effects on the apparent turnover number by the use of steady-state isotopic transient kinetic analysis revealed essentially constant true turnover numbers on all catalysts. Thus, the increased apparent turnover numbers on Pt-promoted catalysts are due to a higher coverage of reactive intermediates.
Resistive switching properties of Ce and Mn co-doped BiFeO3 thin films for nonvolatile memory application

The Ce and Mn co-doped BiFeO3 (BCFMO) thin films were synthesized on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates using a sol-gel method. The unipolar resistive switching (URS) and bipolar resistive switching (BRS) behaviors were observed in the Pt/BCFMO/Pt device structure, which was attributed to the formation/rupture of metal filaments. The fabricated device exhibits a large ROFF/RON ratio (>80), long retention time (>105 s) and low programming voltages (<1.5 V). Analysis of linear fitting current-voltage curves suggests that the space charge limited leakage current (SCLC) and Schottky emission were observed as the conduction mechanisms of the devices.
Bioheat equation of the human thermal system

As an alternative to the existing bioheat transfer models a new system of two energy equations is proposed by considering the human body as a deformable porous medium. One equation is developed for the blood and the other for the peripheral skeletal tissue. It includes such significant factors as the vascular geometry and size, the blood flow and direction, thermal diffusion and the local thermal nonequilibrium between the blood and peripheral tissue. Discussion and application of both equations are given.
A model for density oscillations in liquids between solid walls

A simple model of a binary alloy in a one-dimensional lattice is used to map the phenomena observed in a fluid filling a planar capillary. It is proposed that the presence of oscillating forces acting on the walls is due to the constructive/destructive interference between the local ordering induced by the boundaries. The numerical results agree with the deduced analytical ones and are compared with the reported experimental results.
Model reactions for abiotic mercury(II) methylation: Kinetics of methylation of mercury(II) by mono‐, di‐, and tri‐methyltin in seawater

The usual presence of mercury(II) with monodi-, and tri-methyltin in water, sediments, and plants in estuarine environments suggests possible abiotic formation of methylmercury via methyl transfer from methyltin compounds. Kinetics studies of reactions between mercury(II) and methyltin compounds under pseudo-first-order conditions in seawater show that relative rate of methylmercury formation under the same conditions are: monomethyltin dimethyltin. This order is explainable mainly by the speciation and charge of methyltin compounds in seawater and by the existence of mercury(II) as a tetrachloro anion. A factorial experiment with the variables pH and salinity (seawater diluted with deionized water) showed that pH, but not salinity, is significant at the 95% confidence level; and that reaction rates increase as pH increases. These results suggest the possibility of abiotic methylation of mercury(II) in seawater. Additional experiments in seawater demonstrated an absence of methylation of mercury(II) (14 days) and mercury(0) (35 days) by methyl iodide.
Spectral Heterogeneity of Lunar Local Dark Mantle Deposits

We are currently investigating the spectral properties of lunar dark mantle deposits (DMD) utilizing Clementine UWIS and HIRES image data (25-150 mlpixel). Local dark mantle deposits (LDMD) are identified by their very low albedo, smooth texture, and small size relative to the regional DMDs [I]. DMDs are mostly composed of glass spheres [2,3,4] and LDMD are thought to be mixtures of olivine, pyroxene, host rock and glasses formed during maar-type eruptions [I]. We find that maar deposits in Alphonsus crater, Atlas crater, and the Schrijdinger basin exhibit interdeposit spectral variations. Some of the maars in the Alphonsus region show intradeposit spectral variations and may be the result of maturity differences, admixture of surrounding material [5], crystallinity variation and/or true mineralogical differences [6]. , Apollo missions, especially Apollos 15 and 17, returned pyroclastic material composed of green, orange and black spheres. These samples confi ied the morphologic interpretation that DMDs are deposits laid down by lunar explosive volcanism. Twenty-five types of lunar pyroclastic glasses have been identified from the Apollo samples [7]. Of these major types of lunar pyroclastic material three have beenextensively examined for both spectral and chemical properties: green and orange glass and black spheres [3,4,7]. The green glass is iron rich, exhibits a spectral maximum at -550 nrn and has the highest albedo of the glasses. The orange glass is iron and titanium rich; the titanium causes a strong absorption edge into the visible (thus its orange color) and has a darker albedo than the green glass [3,4]. Finally, the black spheres are the crystalline equivalents of the orange glass [2]; they are very dark and have greatly reduced color contrast in the visible, with a distinctive broad absorption near 0.650 pm [4, Fig. 41.
Examination of stability of linseed oil and Nigella sativa oil

Introduction. Because of high concentration of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids plant oils are increasingly popular ingredient of daily diet. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are not synthetized in the human body, are particularly important, because they are necessary for regular functioning of nervous and cardiovascular systems. Linseed oil and black cumin oil could be the source of these acids, but while consuming them it is worth knowing how conditions and time of storage influence their properties. Aim. Examination of changes of properties of linseed oil and black cumin oil depending on storage conditions. Material and methods. For both oils were four types of samples: collected right after opening, stored for a month in refrigerator, stored in 40°C and heated in microwave to 137°C. For each type of sample acid value, peroxide number were determined by titration, optical density (in 232 and 270 nm) and DPPH inhibition were measured spectrophotometrically. Results. Based on a results of analysis of changes in linseed oil an black cumin oil we observed the impact of high temperature on promotion of oxidation processes in linseed oil, while the black cumin oil was stable. Conclusions. Linseed oil requires low temperature of storage and can not be used after heating. Black cumin oil is more stable because of antioxidant compounds contained in essential oil.
Flame-Spread Behavior of Fuel-Droplet Arrays With Uneven Inter-Droplet Distance at High Temperature in Microgravity

This research experimentally studied flame-spread behavior of fuel-droplet arrays with uneven inter-droplet distance at high temperature in microgravity. In experiments, first, n-decane droplets were generated in room-temperature air. Next, the droplet array was inserted into the combustion chamber with 600 K air. The droplet array was ignited at one end by a hot wire igniter after a certain waiting time to initiate the flame spread. Local inter-droplet distances were varied to investigate the effect of droplet interaction on local flame-spread-limit distance. Waiting time for ignition was varied to investigate the prevaporization effect on flame spread. Experimental results showed that as the inter-droplet spacing became smaller, local flame-spread-limit distance to the next droplet became larger. The local flame-spread-limit distance at high temperature was larger than that at room temperature. Flame-spread rate from the interactive droplets to the next droplet was greater with longer waiting time for ignition.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
A Facile Method To Obtain Highly Stable Silver Nanoplate Colloids with Desired Surface Plasmon Resonance Wavelengths

The extinction spectra and TEM images show that the silver nanoprisms would undergo shape transformation in the presence of 5 × 10−6 M bromide ions. In this study, HS(CH2)15CO2H (MHA) were introduced to modify the surface of silver nanoprisms. The MHA-modified silver nanoprisms can prevent the shape transformation in the presence of bromide ions with a concentration as high as 0.1 M. Furthermore, it was found that the etching process on the unmodified silver nanoprisms caused by the bromide ions can be stopped immediately by adding MHA into the colloid solution. However, the rate of the etching process in the initial stage was too fast to be stopped by adding MHA to control the silver colloid with the desired SPR wavelength. PVP-modified silver nanoprisms cannot prevent the shape evolution in high concentration bromide ions, such as 10−3 M, but can slow down the etching rate. The silver nanostructures with the desired SPR wavelength can be obtained by the following simple method: KBr was added into the PV.