Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Toward mastery of Italian morphology: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT The use of Italian morphology was examined in 34 children ranging in age from 2;6 to 5;0. By the age of 3;6–4;0, high percentages of use in obligatory contexts were seen for a number of grammatical morphemes. Children age 2;6–3;0 showed percentages of use that were somewhat lower than those seen for the older children. In this age range, singular forms were used with higher percentages in obligatory contexts than plural forms, for several different types of grammatical morphemes. Greater control over singular forms in these younger children was corroborated by data from a comprehension task. Even at the younger ages studied, use of grammatical morphemes did not seem influenced by whether phonological eues to agreement were present, or whether the grammatical morphemes were homonymous. Percentages for grammatical morphemes in the form of free-standing morphemes were somewhat lower than percentages for morphemes taking the form of inflections, suggesting that the obligatory nature of inflections in Italian may be a more influential factor than the amount of morphological information contained in a grammatical morpheme.
Does the Professional Manager Blow the Whistle on Founding Families? New Evidence on the Dark Side of Family-Controlled Firm

This paper investigates the relationship between family firm, internal, external governance and corporate fraud. We focus on the judicial and market attitude toward professional top managers, not controlling shareholder, involved in corporate fraud, especially in family-controlled business group in Korea, Chaebol. We find that top managers receive lighter sentences. The probability that a professional manager goes to prison is 35.7%p less than that of a controlling shareholder. Moreover, no top management ever actually goes to prison at an appellate court. The possibility that a professional manager is held pretrial drops by 39.2%p. Secondly, almost 55% of the professional top managers involved in corporate crimes come back to the position in the near future after sentencing decisions. Almost 84% of resurrected professional managers in the market had worked for the Chaebol-affiliated firms at the moment of their corporate crimes. More surprisingly, 87% of returned Chaebol managers take the executive position at their affiliated firm. Our findings suggest a possibility that the ill-functioned legal system and market for professional managers helps large shareholders such as founding families capture them to serves family interests.
RHD gene polymorphism among RhD-negative Han Chinese.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the status of eight RHD specific exons in 131 Han Chinese blood donors who were classified as RhD-negative by serological methods and explore the genomic structure of RHD gene among the Han Chinese. The Rh blood group system has the highest prevalence of polymorphisms among human blood group systems and is clinically significant in transfusion medicine. The Rh antigens are expressed on polypeptides encoded by two highly homologous genes, RHD and RHCE. Recent molecular studies have shown that the RhD-negative trait could be generated by multiple genetic mechanisms and is ethnic group-dependent. METHODS The polymerase chain reaction using-sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) was used to amplify exons 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 10 of RHD gene and exons 1, 2 and 5 of RHCE gene, as well as intron 4 in each of them. RESULTS The 131 cases of RhD-negative phenotypes consisted of 60 ccee, 58 Ccee, 5 ccEe, 5 CcEe and 3 CCee. Among them, 83 with the Rh ccee or ccEe phenotypes (63.4%) lacked the eight RHD exons indicated above, while 26 cases with the Rh Ccee, CCee, CcEe phenotypes (19.9%) had all the RHD exons examined. Twenty-two individuals with the Ccee, CCee, CcEe phenotypes (16.8%) carried at least one RHD exon. The phenotypes of the RhD negative individuals carrying the RHD gene were Rh CC or Cc, but not cc. CONCLUSIONS Three classes of RhD-negative polymorphisms among a population of Han Chinese were observed. Antigen association analysis suggested the existence of a novel class of RhD-negative associated haplotype in Han Chinese. This haplotype consisted of a normal RHCE allele and a nonfunctional RHD gene. It may be beneficial to redefine the RhD-negative blood group among Chinese populations upon clarification of the mechanisms of RHD gene expression and RhD antigen immunization.
Securities Crowdfunding and Investor Protection

Crowdfunding remains a bit of an unknown in business finance. Securities crowdfunding, as a subset of that financing market, is no more familiar. Diverse investors and risks make for a complex regulatory puzzle.Investor protection regulation has begun to develop in a path-dependent manner. Although there are some core similarities in rule types (e.g., as to offering and investment limits), there is a lot of variation beyond those fundamental similarities. Whether the crowdfunding regulations adopted in various jurisdictions adequately protect investors while, at the same time, promote capital formation through crowdfunding remains to be seen. Experience should give regulators enough information about crowdfunding investors and their risk profiles to enable a more accurate calibration of investor protection mechanisms. If crowdfunding business practices and regulations become more consistent across jurisdictions, investor protection rules may then begin to converge.
Randomized trial of preladenant, given as monotherapy, in patients with early Parkinson disease

Objective: To evaluate the adenosine 2a receptor antagonist preladenant as a nondopaminergic drug for the treatment of Parkinson disease (PD) when given as monotherapy. Methods: This was a randomized, 26-week, placebo- and active-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter, double-blind trial conducted in adults diagnosed with PD for <5 years who were not yet receiving l-dopa or dopamine agonists. Patients with a Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part 3 (motor function) score ≥10 and Hoehn & Yahr score ≤3 were randomized 1:1:1:1:1 to preladenant 2, 5, or 10 mg twice daily, rasagiline 1 mg (active-control) once daily, or placebo. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline at week 26 in the sum of UPDRS parts 2 (activities of daily living) and 3 scores (UPDRS2+3). Results: The number of patients treated was 1,007. Neither preladenant nor rasagiline was superior to placebo after 26 weeks. The differences vs placebo (95% confidence interval) in UPDRS2+3 scores (with a negative difference indicating improvement vs placebo) were preladenant 2 mg = 2.60 (0.86, 4.30), preladenant 5 mg = 1.30 (−0.41, 2.94), preladenant 10 mg = 0.40 (−1.29, 2.11), and rasagiline 1 mg = 0.30 (−1.35, 2.03). Post hoc analyses did not identify a single causal factor that could explain the finding of a failed trial. Preladenant was generally well-tolerated with few patients discontinuing due to adverse events (preladenant 7%, rasagiline 3%, placebo 4%). Conclusions: No evidence supporting the efficacy of preladenant as monotherapy was observed in this phase 3 trial. The lack of efficacy of the active control rasagiline makes it difficult to interpret the results. Clinical trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01155479. Classification of evidence: This study provides Class I evidence that for patients with early PD, preladenant is not effective as monotherapy at the doses studied (2, 5, 10 mg).
Pulex porcinus JORDAN AND ROTHSCHILD, 1923 (SIPHONAPTERA: PULICIDAE), AN OCCASIONAL PARASITE OF WHITE-TAILED DEER FROM THE WELDER REFUGE IN SOUTHERN TEXAS

BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Pulex porcinus JORDAN AND ROTHSCHILD, 1923 (SIPHONAPTERA: PULICIDAE), AN OCCASIONAL PARASITE OF WHITE-TAILED DEER FROM THE WELDER REFUGE IN SOUTHERN TEXAS
The role of Helicobacter pylori in primary gastric MALT lymphoma

Helicobacter pylori has been claimed to be an important aetiological factor which raises the risk of mucosa‐associated tissue lymphoid (MALT) lymphoma. However, some studies on gastric MALT lymphoma revealed a low rate of H. pylori infection suggesting that not all gastric lymphomas are related to H. pylori infection. The aim of this study was to verify the H. pylori infection frequency in a series of patients with primary gastric MALT lymphomas and to examine the relationship between H. pylori and the pathological features of those lymphomas.
How Do Housing Purchase Limits Affect Firm Default Risks in Mainland China?

The rapid rise in the price of housing in Mainland China in the past decade raised concerns over the potential risks to the economy, leading to the implementation of a policy that placed a limit on housing purchases in many cities in 2010 and 2011. This paper, by using the difference-in-difference method, investigates the effect of the policy on firm default risks. It shows that the impact of housing purchase limits is not homogeneous across cities. While the policy has significantly lowered firm default risks in big cities (especially those cities caught in the first two rounds of policy implementation), it is ineffective in relatively small cities and, in some cases, even caused firm default risks to rise. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the purchase limit on firm default risks becomes weaker when sectors those firms belong to have limited links to the real estate sector. While the purchase limit focuses on default risks arising from the demand side, the risk arising from the housing supply side remains under the current fiscal system and land sales mechanism. Therefore, the housing purchasing limit should be supplemented by fiscal reforms that could mitigate land price increase and hence lower default risks in the long run.
Economic Effects of Handset Subsidy in Newly Emerging Telecommunication Markets

This paper develops a two-period sequential choice model to analyze the effects of handset subsidy in newly emerging telecommunication markets. Handset subsidy can be used as a device for internalizing static and dynamic externality problems which exist between handset and service providers. According to this paper, allowing handset subsidy increases the profit of handset provider but has negative effects on the profit of service provider, consumer surplus and social welfare.
Strategic It Management A Toolkit For Enterprise Architecture Management

Thank you very much for downloading strategic it management a toolkit for enterprise architecture management. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their favorite books like this strategic it management a toolkit for enterprise architecture management, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some malicious bugs inside their computer.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: Links Betwen Pathophysiology and Cardiovascular Complications.

PURPOSE The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is increasing, especially in the middle-aged population. OSAS is associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Arterial hypertension is often the first consequence of OSAS, but the most severe complications are coronary artery disease, stroke and arrhythmias. The aim of this review was to analyze the several mechanisms involved in the development of the cardiovascular events, such as endothelial dysfunction accompanied by a pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant status, hemorheological alterations, hypercoagulability and imbalance between matrix metalloproteases and their inhibitors. SOURCE A search on PubMed was carried out using the following terms: obstructive sleep apnea syndrome; endothelial dysfunction; oxidative stress; inflammation; rheology; matrix metalloproteases. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS OSAS severity strongly influenced cardiovascular risk factors and, furthermore, it was correlated with the incidence of fatal and non-fatal events. CONCLUSIONS The treatment with continuous positive airways pressure (cPAP) is the gold standard for OSAS and was able to positively influence all the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for cardiovascular diseases. Long-term cPAP improved endothelial function and hemorheology, reduced oxidative stress and inflammation, and decreased the levels of metalloproteases.
The impact of serum uric acid on cardiovascular outcomes in the LIFE study.

The impact of serum uric acid on cardiovascular outcomes in the LIFE study. Background The Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension (LIFE) study demonstrated the superiority of a losartan-based regimen over atenolol-based regimen for reduction of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. It has been suggested that the LIFE study results may be related to the effects of losartan on serum uric acid (SUA). SUA has been proposed as an independent risk factor for CV morbidity and death. Methods Cox regression analysis was used to assess relationship of SUA and treatment regimens with the LIFE primary composite outcome (CV death, fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction, fatal or nonfatal stroke). Results Baseline SUA was significantly associated with increased CV events [hazard ratio (HR) 1.024 (95% CI 1.017–1.032) per 10 μmol/L, P P P = 0.108]. After adjustment for Framingham risk score (FRS), SUA was no longer significant in the entire study population [HR = 1.006 (0.998–1.014), P = 0.122] or in men [HR = 1.006 (0.995–1.017), P = 0.291], but was significant in women [HR = 1.013 (1–1.025), P = 0.0457]. The baseline-to-end-of-study increase in SUA (standard deviation, SD) was greater ( P P P = 0.004. The association between time-varying SUA and increased CV risk tended to be stronger in women ( P P = 0.0658), although the gender-outcome interaction was not significant ( P = 0.079). Conclusion The increase in SUA over 4.8years in the LIFE study was attenuated by losartan compared with atenolol treatment, appearing to explain 29% of the treatment effect on the primary composite end point. The association between SUA and events was stronger in women than in men with or without adjustment of FRS.
Prevalence Estimates of Substance Abuse in Schizophrenia and their Correlates

Published estimates of the prevalence of substance abuse in schizophrenia were correlated with several aspects of the studies in which they were obtained. Higher estimates of alcohol and stimulant abuse were found in studies published more recently. Rates of alcohol abuse were particularly high in one rural investigation. Rates of stimulant abuse were highest when patients were asked directly about use of stimulants. Increased prevalence estimates in more recent years could not be attributed to method of assessing substance abuse, method of defining substance abuse, or characteristics of the study sample.
Operational Uncertainty and Managerial Incentives in Information Production

This paper examines how operational uncertainty affects managerial incentives in information production using the staggered recognition of Inevitable Disclosure Doctrine (IDD) by state courts as a quasi-natural experiment. The adoption of IDD improves the protection of trade secrets by preventing former employees from working for competitor firms and results in exogenous variation in operational uncertainty. We find that after the adoption of IDD by their headquarter states, firms tend to produce more information of higher quality, in the form of more frequent, precise and informative management earnings guidance with longer durations. Furthermore, the results are more pronounced for firms with higher innovation intensity and higher litigation risk. Overall, our findings suggest that operational uncertainty constrains corporate management’s incentives to produce information to outsiders, and better protection of trade secrets due to IDD adoption greatly alleviates this constraint.
CRUDi framework proposal: financial industry application

The alignment of information systems with the business goals of an organisation, although a topic of great importance, is not always properly valued or taken into consideration. In general, managers have different opinions to chief information officers (CIOs) in relation to IS, especially with regard to their importance and value to the business and also in terms of investment needs. Here, we discuss and study new approaches to methods and tools for assessing the relative importance of each information system to business, focusing on the financial sector including banks and insurance companies. We suggest the introduction of new key indicators for better decision support and to identify investment priorities, and present results regarding the relative importance of each process to support the business strategy. The primary goal for the inherent research project is to analyse the main problems and difficulties encountered by IS and IT managers, featuring different players and how they relate. The main contributions of this work are the CRUDi framework as a tool to improve alignment between business and IS strategies and the CRUDi survey and its results qualifying the financial sector's opinion regarding the relative importance of processes and investments.
Programming mechanical simulations

Abstract : This paper examines the control of complex physical objects in simulation. We introduce a programming paradigm that allows a simulation to be treated as a multi-level constraint solver. The control programmer is given the ability to specify constraints on the controlled response of mechanisms and to conditionally change these constraints dependent on the state of system. The approach facilitates the development of model-based, even-driven control programs. The usefulness of the paradigm is demonstrated through the simulation of a hopping robot.
Dyskeratosis congenita in all its forms

Classic dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is an inherited disease characterized by the triad of abnormal skin pigmentation, nail dystrophy and mucosal leucoplakia (Zinsser, 1906; Engman, 1926; Cole et al, 1930). A variety of noncutaneous (dental, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, neurological, ophthalmic, pulmonary and skeletal) abnormalities have also been reported (Sirinavin & Trowbridge, 1975; Drachtman & Alter, 1995; Dokal, 1996a; Knight et al, 1998a). Bone marrow (BM) failure is the principal cause of early mortality with an additional predisposition to malignancy and fatal pulmonary complications. X-linked recessive, autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive forms of the disease are recognized. Since the annotation (Dokal, 1996a), there have been significant advances in DC. These have been facilitated by the dyskeratosis congenita registry (DCR), established at the Hammersmith Hospital (London) in 1995. By November 1999, 92 DC families (Argentina, one; Australia, two; Austria, one; Belgium, two; Brazil, eight; Canada, two; Egypt, one; France, 11, Germany, three; Holland, two; Hong Kong, two; India, two; Ireland, five; Italy, four; New Zealand, one; Spain, two; Turkey, three; United Arab Emirates, two; UK, 14; and USA, 24) had been recruited. These 92 families from 20 different countries collectively comprised 148 (127 male and 21 female) patients. As well as confirming previous observations, the DCR has identified new features of DC and has been pivotal in the identification of the DKC1 gene which is mutated in X-linked DC.
New lessons from old pathogens: what parasitic infections have taught us about the role of nuclear factor‐κB in the regulation of immunity

Summary: The nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) family of transcription factors is activated by many infectious and inflammatory stimuli. This family regulates the expression of multiple genes, whose products include cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, and antiapoptotic factors that are important components of the innate and adaptive immune response. A prominent role of NF‐κB transcription factors in resistance to a variety of infectious diseases was revealed by studies with mice that lack individual family members. However, little is known about the basis for these effects or about the role of individual family members during a coordinated immune response to infection. Diverse parasites such as Toxoplasma gondii, Leishmania major, and Trichuris muris provide a unique opportunity to understand the role of the NF‐κB system in the development of innate and adaptive immunity to these infections. The basis for resistance and susceptibility to these parasites is well understood, and studies using these experimental systems have provided unique insights into the role of NF‐κB in the regulation of T‐helper 1 cell (Th1) and Th2 type responses. It has become clear that NF‐κB family members have cell lineage‐specific functions and that their relative importance varies with type of infection as well as route of pathogen entry. Thus, studies with models of parasitic infection have revealed that individual NF‐κB family members perform distinct, nonoverlapping, and biologically significant functions in the regulation of immunity and inflammation.
Adaptive subcarrier and bit allocation for multiuser MIMO-OFDM transmission

Subcarrier and bit allocation schemes for SISO-OFDM systems in the multiuser downlink scenario are well-documented. We extend it to MIMO-OFDM systems and design a transmit scheme as a concatenation of dynamic subcarrier assignment, adaptive modulation and beamforming. With the goal of minimizing the overall transmit power required to meet the target BER, we propose an adaptive OFDM subcarrier allocation approach based on the maximum eigenvalue (referred to as /spl lambda//sub max/) of the matrix, H/sup H/H, for each user's channel frequency response matrix, H; that is, each OFDM subcarrier is assigned to a specific user who has the largest /spl lambda//sub max/ among all users. Simulation results show that our proposed algorithm considerably outperforms multiuser MIMO-OFDM with the static FDMA technique. We have also evaluated the performance of the presented system under various numbers of transmit and receive antennas.
Pacemaker or defibrillator surgery without interruption of anticoagulation.

BACKGROUND Many patients requiring pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) surgery are taking warfarin. For patients at high risk for thromboembolic events, guidelines recommend bridging therapy with heparin; however, case series suggest that it may be safe to perform surgery without interrupting warfarin treatment. There have been few results from clinical trials to support the safety and efficacy of this approach. METHODS We randomly assigned patients with an annual risk of thromboembolic events of 5% or more to continued warfarin treatment or to bridging therapy with heparin. The primary outcome was clinically significant device-pocket hematoma, which was defined as device-pocket hematoma that necessitated prolonged hospitalization, interruption of anticoagulation therapy, or further surgery (e.g., hematoma evacuation). RESULTS The data and safety monitoring board recommended termination of the trial after the second prespecified interim analysis. Clinically significant device-pocket hematoma occurred in 12 of 343 patients (3.5%) in the continued-warfarin group, as compared with 54 of 338 (16.0%) in the heparin-bridging group (relative risk, 0.19; 95% confidence interval, 0.10 to 0.36; P<0.001). Major surgical and thromboembolic complications were rare and did not differ significantly between the study groups. They included one episode of cardiac tamponade and one myocardial infarction in the heparin-bridging group and one stroke and one transient ischemic attack in the continued-warfarin group. CONCLUSIONS As compared with bridging therapy with heparin, a strategy of continued warfarin treatment at the time of pacemaker or ICD surgery markedly reduced the incidence of clinically significant device-pocket hematoma. (Funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care of Ontario; BRUISE CONTROL ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00800137.).