A Comparison Study of the Caecum Microbial Profiles, Productivity and Production Quality of Broiler Chickens Fed Supplements Based on Medium Chain Fatty and Organic Acids

Simple Summary The ban of growth promoters in poultry farming in the European Union has resulted in the development of alternatives. Among these alternatives, medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) or organic acids (OAs) are considered to be suitable for in-feed use. However, their effect on microbiota modulation and the meat quality of broiler chickens are still under-investigated. The aim of this study was to estimate the influence of MCFAs and OAs supplements on the caecum microbial profiles, productivity and production quality characteristics of broiler chickens. The 42-days experiment was conducted using 900-day-old broiler chickens, allocated into three groups, consisting of 300 birds per group. The results indicated that the addition of OAs results in a more appropriate environment in the caecum for beneficial microorganisms rather than diets supplemented with MCFAs. These positive changes led to a higher efficiency of poultry productivity (higher body weight and lower mortality); however, for most of the analysed broilers’, technological parameters were not considerably influenced by treatments. Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) and organic acids (OAs) supplements on the caecum microbial profiles, productivity and production quality characteristics of broiler chickens (BCs). BC (900 chicks) were attributed to three groups: (i) control; (ii) MCFAs group (BCs fed with feed supplemented with MCFAs); (iii) OAs group (BCs fed with feed supplemented with OAs). Broilers were slaughtered at the end of the trial (42 days old), and the caecum microbial profiles, productivity and production quality characteristics were analysed. Supplementation with OAs resulted in a more appropriate environment in the caecum for beneficial microorganisms than with a diet supplemented with MCFAs. This was supported by data on the presence of higher amounts and an increased species variety of probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium) in the caecum of birds. The above-mentioned changes of the caecum microbiota led to significantly higher villus height (p = 0.003) of the OAs broiler group and significantly lower crypt depth (p = 0.037). Notwithstanding the significant increase of acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, isovaleric, and valeric acids that were established in caecum samples from the MCFAs group, better parameters of broiler production performance (higher body weight and lower mortality) and carcass traits (higher both thigh and shin muscles with skin and bone weight; both shin muscles without skin and bone weight; abdominal fat yield) were found in the OAs-treated group. For chemical, physical and technological characteristics of breast meat samples, increased yellowness and water holding capacity by 14.7% and 2.3%, respectively, were found in MCFAs group samples. A more appropriate environment in the caecum for beneficial microorganisms could be obtained when BCs were fed with OAs supplement, comparing to MCFAs, and these positive changes were associated with higher efficiency of poultry production.