Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Apprentissage multimodal de représentation de mots à l'aide de contexte visuel

Representer la semantique d'un mot est un defi ma-jeur pour pouvoir traiter automatiquement le langage. Jusqu'a present, une grande partie des methodes deter-minent le sens d'un mot via ses contextes dans un corpus de texte. Plus recemment, certains auteurs se sont interesses a l'apparence visuelle d'un objet pour ame-liorer la representation semantique du mot correspon-dant. Cependant, ces travaux ignorent l'environnement et le contexte visuel dans lequel l'objet apparait. Dans cet article, nous proposons d'apprendre la representa-tion des mots en beneficiant de la complementarite des modalites texte et image par la prise en compte simul-tanee des contextes textuels et visuels des mots. Nous explorons plusieurs choix de modelisation de contexte visuel, et presentons une methode jointe qui integre le contexte visuel dans un modele skip-gram multimodal. Enfin, l'apport de ces representations dans des tâches d'analyse semantiques est evaluee sur plusieurs jeux de donnees. Cet article est une traduction de [ZPSG18].
An efficient method to evaluate 4 million micro-bump interconnection resistances for 3D stacked 16-mpixel image sensor

We developed an efficient method for evaluating the 4 million micro-bump interconnection resistances of the 3D stacked 16-Mpixel CMOS image sensor by including vertical scanning and readout circuits and extra circuits in both of two substrates for a resistance testing mode, which enables us not only to find failed bumps but also to evaluate the resistances by scanning all micro bumps. We measured the resistances of the interconnections ranging from 50 to 500 kΩ with a resolution of 50kΩ.
Les valeurs culturelles des cafés contemporains Coréens : Analyse sémiotique des pratiques des consommateurs

Résumé Le but de cette recherche est de répondre qualitativement à la question de l’évolution de la culture de consommation et des valeurs culturelles associées au sein des cafés (espaces) d’aujourd’hui de la société coréenne. Cette étude cherche à définir l’aspect synchronique, avec une analyse des comportements de consommation, les attitudes des consommateurs et des concepts d’espace dans les trois stades : le niveau discursif, le niveau sémio-narratif et niveau thématique. Nos travaux s’orientent vers le consommateur par l’utilisation du « parcours génératif de signification » et nous aident à construire des images sur certains aspects de ce phénomène de la culture spatiale pour notre analyse. Ce processus en trois étapes de recherche a été appliqué en utilisant la méthode de l’observation, du questionnaire et de la sémiotique culturelle pour atteindre et trouver les valeurs culturelles fondamentales de cet espace. En fait, les comportements de consommation observés pourraient être interprétés suivants les valeurs /particuliers/ versus /communautaires/ et l’enquête-analyse des attitudes des consommateurs pourraient être définis par les valeurs /professionnels/ versus /sociabilités/ pris dans sa dimension sémantique.
Nurses' Perceptions of Stress and Support in the Preceptor Role

This study was undertaken to examine whether staff nurses experience stress when they are precepting, and the sources of the stress. Another purpose was to describe preceptors' perceptions of support from others, such as coworkers and managers. A convenience sample of 65 registered nurse preceptors completed an investigator-developed questionnaire asking for their views on stress and support in the preceptor role. Most respondents (89%) reported that precepting is stressful to some degree, with the most common reasons being workload, skill level of the preceptee, organizational support, and preceptor confidence. Despite the high levels of stress reported, most subjects described adequate support as preceptors from coworkers and managers. Preceptors are critical for the training and retention of new nurses. It is important that stressors related to precepting be acknowledged and strategies be employed to reduce stress. Recommendations for support and strategies are included.
Diversity in Müllerian mimicry: The optimal predator sampling strategy explains both local and regional polymorphism in prey

The convergent evolution of warning signals in unpalatable species, known as Müllerian mimicry, has been observed in a wide variety of taxonomic groups. This form of mimicry is generally thought to have arisen as a consequence of local frequency‐dependent selection imposed by sampling predators. However, despite clear evidence for local selection against rare warning signals, there appears an almost embarrassing amount of polymorphism in natural warning colors, both within and among populations. Because the model of predator cognition widely invoked to explain Müllerian mimicry (Müller's “fixed nk ” model) is highly simplified and has not been empirically supported; here, we explore the dynamical consequences of the optimal strategy for sampling unfamiliar prey. This strategy, based on a classical exploration–exploitation trade‐off, not only allows for a variable number of prey sampled, but also accounts for predator neophobia under some conditions. In contrast to Müller's “fixed nk ” sampling rule, the optimal sampling strategy is capable of generating a variety of dynamical outcomes, including mimicry but also regional and local polymorphism. Moreover, the heterogeneity of predator behavior across space and time that a more nuanced foraging strategy allows, can even further facilitate the emergence of both local and regional polymorphism in prey warning color.
Synthesis using resource control nets for modeling shared-resource systems

This paper proposes a general approach to synthesize a class of Petri nets that model shared-resource automated manufacturing systems. The approach imposes minimal restrictions on the interactions among subsystems initially so that the modeler is given significant freedom. To modularize the synthesis procedure, a shared-resource system is formulated from the processes. i.e., the subsystems, that control the system resources and the interactions among the processes. For modeling the processes. Resource control nets are defined as the basic generic modules. Then, the system model is built by merging these modules through their common transitions and common transition subnets, which denote the interactions among the processes. The merged net is proven to be conservative and thus bounded. An algorithm is also developed to check two sufficient conditions for structural liveness of the net. This algorithm examines only the net's structure, and appears to be more efficient than state enumeration techniques such as the reachability graph method. >
The future of fault tolerant computing

Fault tolerant (or dependable) computing has always been an exciting research area in the intersection of computer science and engineering and electrical and electronics engineering. During the last two decades the applicability of the methods and tools that the fault tolerance research community produces has expanded to virtually all application domains. The type of fault tolerance methods employed in a computing system depend on: (a) the faults expected to affect the system, (b) the importance of errors in the system operation, (c) the design, cost and power budgets that can allocated to fault tolerance and reliable operation. New solutions and tools in fault tolerant computing are emerging to deal with the very broad spectrum of values that all (a), (b) and (c) can take in today's computing landscape.
Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae): Physiological Aspects of Development and Reproduction

Abstract Basic ecophysiological data are presented on the development and reproduction of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) that were reared and maintained at four temperatures between 12 and 32°C. Median larval developmental time from hatching to pupation was correlated inversely with temperature, lasting 7 d at 32°C and up to 28 d at 12°C. Duration of the pupal period also varied from 2–3 d at 32°C to 7–12 d at 12°C. This extension of larval development elongated the phagoperiod and gave rise to larger imagoes. Based on wing length measurements, body sizes varied from 10 to 57 mm3 for females and from 10 to 30 mm3 for males. The caloric protein content at emergence showed a linear and significant regression with body size, independent of sex, treatment, or temperature. Teneral lipid content also followed a linear relationship with body size at warmer temperatures, whereas at low temperatures it increased exponentially with body size. Glycogen was always below 10% of the protein or lipid levels. Reserves at emergence determined median adult survival times, which ranged from 16 d at 32°C to 100 d at 17°C. Access to sucrose solution allowed females to increase their teneral glycogen up to fourfold within 1 wk, and their lipids up to 10-fold within 2 wk. Despite a broad variation, the number of mature oocytes (15–110 eggs per female) was correlated positively with body size, but inversely with the rearing and maintenance temperature. Utilization of the blood meal protein for oogenesis ranged between 35 and 50%, again inversely correlated with temperature; absolute compositions per oocyte were 6.3–6.5 mcal of protein but ranged from 5 to 7 mcal of lipid.
Interpreting Visual Metaphors: Asymmetry and Reversibility

In a verbal metaphor, the target and the source domains can usually be distinguished clearly, and some features of the source domain are mapped to the target domain, and not vice versa. This asymmetry of metaphor has been acknowledged in conceptual metaphor theory, as well as in interaction theory. However, the asymmetry of visual metaphor, in which concepts are depicted in images, is debated in the existing literature. The authors argue that the main reason behind this is that images lack an explicit copula (“X is Y”); so it is not always clear what a visual metaphor is about (what its target is). The authors explore the asymmetry of visual metaphors by considering a number of examples, and also by using the results of an empirical study they conducted with forty-four participants. Their study shows that, although the source and the target of visual metaphors are reversible more often than in their verbal counterparts, the transferred features usually change drastically by the reversal. This essay argues that the visualmetaphors can appear to be symmetricmore often than the verbalmetaphors because the lack of copula can turn the focus on the comparison between the source and the target, instead of the target itself. The examples demonstrate that context plays a major role in this process by identifying the source and the target of a visual metaphor.
The Yeast Mitochondrial Citrate Transport Protein

Utilizing site-directed mutagenesis in combination with chemical modification of mutated residues, we have studied the roles of cysteine and arginine residues in the mitochondrial citrate transport protein (CTP) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our strategy consisted of the sequential replacement of each of the four endogenous cysteine residues with Ser or in the case of Cys73 with Val. Wild-type and mutated forms of the CTP were overexpressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and reconstituted in phospholipid vesicles. During the sequential replacement of each Cys, the effects of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic sulfhydryl reagents were examined. The data indicate that Cys73 and Cys256 are primarily responsible for inhibition of the wild-type CTP by hydrophilic sulfhydryl reagents. Experiments conducted with triple Cys replacement mutants (i.e. Cys192 being the only remaining Cys) indicated that sulfhydryl reagents no longer inhibit but in fact stimulate CTP function 2–3-fold. Following the simultaneous replacement of all four endogenous Cys, the functional properties of the resulting Cys-less CTP were shown to be quite similar to those of the wild-type protein. Finally, utilizing the Cys-less CTP as a template, the roles of Arg181 and Arg189, two positively charged residues located within transmembrane domain IV, in CTP function were examined. Replacement of either residue with a Cys abolishes function, whereas replacement with a Lys or a Cys that is subsequently covalently modified with (2-aminoethyl)methanethiosulfonate hydrobromide, a reagent that restores positive charge at this site, supports CTP function. The results clearly show that positive charge at these two positions is essential for CTP function, although the chemistry of the guanidinium residue is not. Finally, these studies: (i) definitely demonstrate that Cys residues do not play an important role in the mechanism of the CTP; (ii) prove the utility of the Cys-less CTP for studying structure/function relationships within this metabolically important protein; and (iii) have led to the hypothesis that the polar face of α-helical transmembrane domain IV, within which Arg181, Arg189, and Cys192 are located, constitutes an essential portion of the citrate translocation pathway through the membrane.
Lipid Raft Disruption by Cholesterol Depletion Enhances Influenza A Virus Budding from MDCK Cells

ABSTRACT Lipid rafts play critical roles in many aspects of the influenza A virus life cycle. Cholesterol is a critical structural component of lipid rafts, and depletion of cholesterol leads to disorganization of lipid raft microdomains. In this study, we have investigated the effect of cholesterol depletion by methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) treatment on influenza virus budding. When virus-infected Madin-Darby canine kidney cells were treated with MβCD at the late phase of infection for a short duration, budding of virus particles, as determined by protein analysis and electron microscopy, increased with increasing concentrations and lengths of treatment. However, infectious virus yield varied, depending on the concentration and duration of MβCD treatment. Low concentrations of MβCD increased infectious virus yield throughout the treatment period, but higher concentrations caused an initial increase of infectious virus titer followed by a decrease with a longer duration. Relative infectivity of the released virus particles, on the other hand, decreased with increasing concentrations and durations of MβCD treatment. Loss of infectivity of virus particles is due to multiple effects of MβCD-mediated cholesterol depletion causing disruption of lipid rafts, changes in structural integrity of the viral membrane, leakage of viral proteins, a nick or hole on the viral envelope, and disruption of the virus structure. Exogenous cholesterol increased lipid raft integrity, inhibited particle release, and partially restored the infectivity of the released virus particles. These data show that disruption of lipid rafts by cholesterol depletion caused an enhancement of virus particle release from infected cells and a decrease in the infectivity of virus particles.
An audit of thrombophilia screens: results from the National Pathology Alliance benchmarking review

Aims: The National Pathology Alliance benchmarking review has completed six years of data collection and analysis of the workload and organisation of haematology laboratories in the UK. This study audits national practice of routine thrombophilia screening against the current standards, as set out in the British committee for standards in haematology (BCSH) guidelines on investigation of heritable thrombophilia. Methods: Each laboratory completed a standard data collection questionnaire about the number of routine thrombophilia assays performed each year. Information was collected on which thrombophilia tests were performed as part of a routine thrombophilia screen. These results were then compared against the BCSH guidelines on investigation of heritable thrombophilia. Results: Of the 57 National Health Service trusts that submitted data for review in 2002/2003, 47 performed a routine thrombophilia screen. Ten laboratories complied with the guidelines but 37 laboratories did not. Conclusion: There was variation in practice in the tests used in routine thrombophilia screens. There is evidence that some laboratories deviate from what may be regarded as “evidence based practice”. The lack of compliance with the guidelines was in general associated with the performance of additional tests not recommended in the guideline. In a minority of laboratories, a clinically significant diagnosis would be missed by the failure to include one or more tests in a thrombophilia screen.
Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Exceptional Complication of Chemotherapy in a Patient with Lung Cancer

A 63-year-old non-smoker, without previous history of arthritis, developed inflammatory arthritis while being treated with pemetrexed/cisplatin combination for advanced lung cancer. Clinical features and serology fulfilled the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria for the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA is an autoimmune disease that primarily attacks joint tissues, causing inflammation of the joint lining. Although the relationship between these anticancer agents and the presence of RA remains unclear, this unprecedented adverse effect can be corrected by changing therapeutic strategies. Our case report might open a medical debate about chemotherapy side effect in cancer patients.
Migration of sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the spinal cord is regulated by reelin‐dependent Dab1 tyrosine phosphorylation and CrkL

The actions of Reelin in neuronal positioning in the developing cortex and cerebellum are relayed by Src‐family kinase (SFK)‐mediated phosphorylation of Dab1. Biochemical studies show that after phosphorylation Dab1 binds to an adaptor protein, CrkL. Whether CrkL is important for Reelin signaling in vivo is unknown, because crkl−/− embryos die before cortical development is complete. In the developing spinal cord, Reelin and components of its signaling pathway, VLDLR, ApoER2, and Dab1, control the positioning of sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPN); however, it is not known whether SFKs or Dab1 tyrosine phosphorylation is required. In the present study, we asked whether Reelin‐controlled SPN migration depends on tyrosine phosphorylation of Dab1 by SFKs and whether CrkL is involved in SPN migration. To answer these questions, we examined the location of SPN in various mutant mouse embryos. Results showed that, in dab15F/5F embryos, which express a nonphosphorylated mutant of Dab1, and in src−/−fyn−/− double knockout embryos, the location of SPN is identical to that of reeler. These results show that tyrosine phosphorylation of Dab1 by SFKs is required for Reelin‐regulated SPN positioning. In addition, we found that SPN migration in crkl−/− showed a partial reeler phenotype, suggesting a partial loss of response of SPN to Reelin signaling. These results suggest a role for CrkL in the Reelin signaling pathway to control neuronal migration. J. Comp. Neurol. 502:635–643, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mineralization of chitosan rods with concentric layered structure induced by chitosan hydrogel

Ca ions and P ions absorbed by chitosan hydrogel with a molar ratio of 1.19 were converted into carbonated apatite under ambient condition, by alternate soaking in combination with alkali treatment within a few hours. The alkali treatment helped to convert amorphous calcium phosphate in chitosan hydrogel into carbonated apatite. The bending strength of mineralized chitosan with a concentric layered structure varied from 62.7 MPa to 92.5 MPa, which was 45.8–67.5% as strong as that of rabbit femur. During the process of alternate soaking and alkali treatment, chitosan hydrogel not only provided a medium for the carbonated apatite coating reaction which helped to form the concentric layered structure due to the Liesegang rings phenomenon, but also induced absorption of Ca and P ions in the hydrogel framework via chelation or electrostatic interaction rather than the diffusion model originated from the concentration gradient.
Defects in mucosal immunity leading to Crohn's disease

Summary: Crohn's disease (CD) is characterized by patchy transmural inflammation involving any part of the intestinal tract. Animal models have provided a great deal of insight into the pathogenesis of CD, but no animal model has recapitulated the full spectrum of manifestations witnessed in human disease. The defects in mucosal immunity in CD can be divided into those that involve the epithelial barrier, those that involve the innate immune response, and finally, defects in the adaptive immune response. Defects in the epithelial barrier in CD include an increase in intestinal permeability, increased adherence of bacteria, and decreased expression of defensins. Murine and human studies have demonstrated an increased expression of T‐helper 1 (Th1) cytokines by lamina propria lymphocytes. This increased Th1 cytokine expression is driven by interleukin‐12 (IL‐12)/IL‐23 and tumor necrosis factor‐like 1A (TL1A) production by antigen‐presenting cells, resulting in Tbet expression by CD4+ T cells. Another dimension of the inappropriate immune response in CD is T‐cell and B‐cell reactivity to luminal microbes. With the identification of the nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) gene as a susceptibility gene, defects in the innate immune response are beginning to be explored. One may consider a model in which defective innate immune clearance of pathogens or commensal bacteria in CD leads to an inappropriate adaptive immune response to the commensal flora.
Impact of Need for Control on Multichannel Consumers' Convenience Expectations of Online Order/In-store Pickup Service

“Online order/in-store pickup (OOIP)” service allows customers to self-collect their online orders from the retailers’ physical store at their convenience. This service provided by many multichannel retailers brings unprecedented control to customers in the order fulfillment process. This paper examines how need for control, a fundamental psychological trait impacts multichannel consumers’ expectation of the level of service convenience that OOIP provides. Data was collected from 351 Chinese consumers to assess the effect of need for control on decision convenience, access convenience, transaction convenience, and post-benefit convenience. Findings suggest that consumers’ need for control positively affect their expectations on all four types of service convenience. We provide theoretical and managerial implications arising from the findings.
Evaluation of the COBAS Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) TaqMan Analyte-Specific Reagent Assay and Comparison to the COBAS Amplicor HCV Monitor V2.0 and Versant HCV bDNA 3.0 Assays

ABSTRACT Performance characteristics of the COBAS hepatitis C virus (HCV) TaqMan analyte-specific reagent (TM-ASR) assay using the QIAGEN BioRobot 9604 for RNA extraction were evaluated and compared to the COBAS Amplicor HCV Monitor V2.0 (Amplicor) and Versant HCV bDNA 3.0 (Versant) assays using clinical samples. Calibration of TM-ASR using Armored RNA allowed determination of the distribution of HCV RNA in clinical samples, using 22,399 clinical samples. Limit of detection, linearity, and inter- and intraassay assay precision were determined for the TM-ASR assay using multiple clinical specimen panels across multiple determinations. Genotype specificity for the TM-ASR assay was determined using samples with different HCV RNA genotypes evaluated and compared against predetermined results. Contamination control of the TM-ASR assay was evaluated using pools of HCV RNA-positive and -negative samples tested in a checkerboard pattern over 12 runs of 96 samples. Correlation of the TM-ASR, Amplicor, and Versant assays was determined using 100 paired clinical samples and Deming regression analysis. The TM-ASR performed well with respect to linearity, precision, and contamination control. The correlation between TM-ASR and the Amplicor and Versant assays was poor, with large differences between assay results for individual samples. Calibration of the TM-ASR assay with Armored RNA allowed for a wide dynamic range and description of the distribution of HCV RNA in clinical samples.