Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Competition for early arrival in migratory birds

Summary 1. It is widely accepted that the arrival order of migratory birds is correlated with the condition of the birds, which leads to high quality individuals occupying prime sites. However, the theoretical backgrounds for this argument have been lacking. A simple game-theoretic model of arrival timing is provided which investigates the evolutionary stability of condition-dependent arrival order in territorial migrant birds. 2. Competition for territories or other priority-dependent benefits can lead to arrival dates far preceding the cost-minimizing date (the optimum date in the absence of competition) for all but the weakest individuals. Increasing the number of competitors can generate a ‘cascading’ competition for early arrival, which advances arrival dates further apart from the individual optimum dates for the onset of breeding. 3. At equilibrium, arrival order corresponds strictly to condition order only if marginal costs of advancing arrival are always larger for individuals in lower condition. If spring mortality vacates territories for later-arriving birds, the criterion for ‘honest’ arrival order becomes still stricter: differential survival costs should exist, but survival differences among individuals (or, alternatively, territory quality differences) should not be very large. 4. If the habitat is saturated so that there is a risk of not obtaining a territory at all, or if worst territories are of much lower value than the rest, competition may lead to the majority of the population arriving within a fairly short interval, followed by a much later floating fraction. This synchrony in the arrival of breeders imposes an increasing cost for the lesser fit breeding birds. Thus, arrival costs paid are not necessarily highest for earliest arriving individuals, but for those who have the most to lose if they drop a few steps in the arrival order. 5. Competition for high quality territories can also lead to partial migration, in which case birds in good condition are expected to be most likely to remain resident.
Twenty-five patients with pathologically-confirmed pancreatic cancer who had undergone a pancreatic resection

We aimed to demonstrate the existence of cancer stem cells in human pancreatic cancer, and to clarify that they are alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) producing cells. Six cell lines derived from human pancreatic cancers were examined, and AsPC-1 and PANC-1 were noted to express AFP. Single cell culture assays and xenotransplantation revealed that the AFP-producing cells had the capacity for self-renewal and differentiation, and that these cells were tumorigenic. Furthermore, they were resistant to anti-cancer agents. The ABCA12 transporter was expressed in the AFP-producing cells at a level more than twice as high as that in the non-AFP-producing cells. The AFP-producing cells were shown to be putative pancreatic cancer stem cells. Furthermore, the expression of ABCA12 appears to be associated with drug resistance.
IDENTIFYING MAVENS IN SOCIAL NETWORKS

This thesis studies social influence from the perspective of users’ characteristics. The importance of users’ characteristics in word-of-mouth applications has been emphasized in economics and marketing fields. We model a category of users called mavens where their unique characteristics nominate them to be the preferable seeds in viral marketing applications. In addition, we develop some methods to learn their characteristics based on a real dataset. We also illustrate the ways to maximize information flow through mavens in social networks. Our experiments show that our model can successfully detect mavens as well as fulfill significant roles in maximizing the information flow in a social network where mavens considerably outperform general influencial users for influence maximization. The results verify the compatibility of our model with real marketing applications. INDEX WORDS: Social Network, Influence Maximization, Algorithm. IDENTIFYING MAVENS IN SOCIAL NETWORKS
Biological responses in marine no-take reserves versus partially protected areas

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are a common tool for conserving and managing marine and coastal ecosystems. MPAs encompass a range of protection levels, from fully protected no-take reserves to restriction of only particular activities, gear types, user groups, target species, or extrac- tion periods. There is a growing body of scientific evidence supporting the ecological benefits of full reserve protection, but it is more difficult to generalize about the effects of other types of MPAs, in part because they include a range of actual protection levels. However, it is critical to determine whether partial protection and no-take reserves provide similar ecological benefits given potential economic costs of lost fishing grounds in no-take areas, common sociopolitical opposition to full pro- tection, and promotion of partially protected areas as a compromise solution in ocean zoning dis- putes. Here we synthesize all empirical studies comparing biological measures (biomass, density, species richness, and size of organisms) in no-take marine reserves and adjacent partially protected and unprotected areas across a range of geographic locations worldwide. We demonstrate that while partially protected areas may confer some benefits over open access areas, no-take reserves gener- ally show greater benefits and yield significantly higher densities of organisms within their bound- aries relative to partially protected sites nearby.
SRMR in Mplus

In this note we describe the Mplus implementation of the SRMR (standardized root mean squared residual) fit index for the models where the index is computed. Starting with Mplus 8.1, changes have been implemented to improve the quality of the fit index and to prevent failures. The index is now computed for more models including SEM models with categorical data estimated with the weighted least squares family of estimators: wls/wlsm/wlsmv/ulsmv. We also discuss how the Mplus SRMR fit index should be used in practice. The definition of SRMR varies slightly across publications and software implementations. In addition, the early definitions of SRMR do not apply to all SEM models. For example, the definition in Hu and Bentler (1999) does not apply to growth models that include mean structure modeling and are a part of the general SEM framework. If one is to use the Hu and Bentler (1999) SRMR definition with a growth model, one can easily make the erroneous conclusion of approximate fit, simply because that definition does not include terms comparing the model estimated and the sample means. Another important example relates to the inclusion of covariates in the SEM model. The definition used in Hu and Bentler (1999) is intended for models that have all observed variables modeled as dependent variables. The Mplus SEM framework however enables us to separate the variables into two groups: endogenous/dependent variables, usually denoted by Y , and exogenous/independent variables, usually denoted by X. The goal of the SEM model is then to fit the conditional distribution of [Y |X] while not attempting to model the distribution of X. This is an important modeling technique as it allows us to focus on the more parsimonious model for [Y |X] which has
siRNA-mediated Loc 554202 knockdown regulates the proliferation , invasion and apoptosis of human bladder cancer cells

This study is aimed to investigate the effect of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs)-mediated Loc554202 knockdown on the proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of human bladder cancer cells. The expression of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) Loc554202 in bladder cancer and adjacent noncancerous tissue, and bladder cancer cell lines (T24, J82 and Biu87) and normal uroepithelium SV-HUC-155 cells was compared by qRT-PCR. The siRNAs targeting Loc554202 and negative control si-Scramble were transfected into these cells. Loc554202 expression was detected by qRT-PCR. Cell proliferation was examined by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The expression of key apoptotic proteins including caspase-3, caspase-9 and Bcl-2 was measured by Western blot analysis. Cell invasion was assessed by Matrixgel invasion assay. Loc554202 expression in tumor and bladder cancer cells was significantly higher than that in normal tissue and SV-HUC-155cells, respectively. The highest inhibitory effect on Loc554202 expression was observed in T24 and J82 cells transfected with siRNA-1, which were used for subsequent experiments. Cell viability of T24 and J82 cells in siRNA-1 group was significantly lower compared with si-Scramble group at 72, 96 and 120 h after transfection (P<0.05). The percentage of necrotic T24 and J82 cells in siRNA group was significantly higher compared with si-Scramble group (P<0.05). The percentage of transmembrane T24 and J82 cells in siRNA-1 group was significantly decreased compared with si-Scramble group (P<0.05). Caspase-3 and caspase-9 expression in T24 and J82 cells transfected with siRNA-1 was significantly higher compared with si-Scramble group (P<0.05), whereas the expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 was significantly lower (P<0.05). The siRNA-mediated Loc554202 knockdown significantly inhibits cell proliferation and invasion of T24 and J82 cells, and promotes their apoptosis.
Exploiting Inter- and Intra-Base Crossing with Multi-Mappings: Application to Environmental Data

Environmental data are currently gaining more and more interest as they are required to understand global changes. In this context, sensor data are collected and stored in dedicated databases. Frameworks have been developed for this purpose and rely on standards, as for instance the Sensor Observation Service (SOS) provided by the Open GeoSpatial Consortium (OGC), where all measurements are bound to a so-called Feature of Interest (FoI). These databases are used to validate and test scientific hypotheses often formulated as correlations and causality between variables, as for instance the study of the correlations between environmental factors and chlorophyll levels in the global ocean. However, the hypotheses of the correlations to be tested are often difficult to formulate as the number of variables that the user can navigate through can be huge. Moreover, it is often the case that the data are stored in such a manner that they prevent scientists from crossing them in order to retrieve relevant correlations. Indeed, the FoI can be a spatial location (e.g., city), but can also be any other object (e.g., animal species). The same data can thus be represented in several manners, depending on the point of view. The FoI varies from one representation to the other one, while the data remain unchanged. In this article, we propose a novel methodology including a crucial step to define multiple mappings from the data sources to these models that can then be crossed, thus offering multiple possibilities that could be hidden from the end-user if using the initial and single data model. These possibilities are provided through a catalog embedding the multiple points of view and allowing the user to navigate through these points of view through innovative OLAP-like operations. It should be noted that the main contribution of this work lies in the use of multiple points of view, as many other works have been proposed for manipulating, aggregating visualizing and navigating through geospatial information. Our proposal has been tested on data from an existing environmental observatory from Lebanon. It allows scientists to realize how biased the representations of their data are and how crucial it is to consider multiple points of view to study the links between the phenomena.
Resilience in a Changing Community Landscape of Coal Seam Gas: Chinchilla in Southern

This paper examines community responses to a rapidly changing social and economic environment through the theoretical lens of community resilience. The paper adopts an integrated approach to community resilience, incorporating aspects of social-ecological systems and psychological adaptation to change (Berkes and Ross, 2012), to describe a community of approximately 5,000 residents (Chinchilla in southern Queensland) responding to changes in the face of a burgeoning coal seam gas industry. Rather than centring analysis solely on social impacts and a community's vulnerabilities, the resilience approach investigates responding to change and resilience building qualities. We investigate this at the community group level in a context of CSG, addressing the research question: what aspects of community group functioning assists them to be resilient, and contribute to wider community resilience? Analysis of qualitative data from approximately 80 participants (including key stakeholder informants and focus group participants) in October and November, 2012, together with media and public documents, suggested a community responding and adapting to change. We identify five dimensions particularly important for community group resilience: strategic thinking, links within communities, effective use of resources, commitment, and building meaningful relationships. We suggest that these dimensions, and the qualities underpinning them, also contribute to resilience of the wider community. A diversity of groups, groups acting as bridging organisations, and groups involved at different scales all provide resilience to the wider system. Understanding how a community affected by coal seam gas demonstrates resilience enables policy makers to support and enhance strengths that are emerging within the community. Moreover, it suggests ways of building resilience in communities potentially facing future CSG activities.
FACTORS RELATED TO AMPUTATION LEVEL AND WOUND HEALING IN DIABETIC PATIENTS

ABSTRACT Objective There are no specific criteria that define the level of amputation in diabetic patients. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of clinical and laboratory parameters in determining the level of amputation and the wound healing time. Methods One hundred and thirty-nine diabetic patients were retrospectively assessed. They underwent surgical procedures due to infection and/or ischemic necrosis. Type of surgery, antibiotic use, laboratory parameters and length of hospital stay were evaluated in this study. Results The most common amputation level was transmetatarsal, occurring in 26 patients (28.9%). The wound healing time increased with statistical significance in individuals undergoing debridement, who did not receive preoperative antibiotics and did not undergo vascular intervention. Higher levels of amputation were statistically related to limb ischemia, previous amputation and non-use of preoperative antibiotics. Conclusion Patients with minor amputations undergo stump revision surgery more often, but the act of always targeting the most distal stump possible decreases energy expenditure while walking, allowing patients to achieve better quality of life. Risk factors for major amputations were ischemia and previous amputations. A protective factor was preoperative antibiotic therapy. Level of Evidence III, Retrospective Study.
Analysis of Deformation in Ni-Cr Structures with New and Recast Alloys

The present study analyzed new and recast Ni-Cr alloys, regarding the relationship between the applied force and the deformation in cantilevered bar segments, with dimensions of 4.0 mm, 3.5 mm, 3.0 mm in thickness, 4.5 mm width and 15 mm length, on a universal testing machine “EMIC”. The bars in the tests were initially obtained acrylic resin by 4.8 mm wide × 4.3 mm thick × 4 cm long. We obtained 30 bars divided into two groups, with 15 to test new alloys and 15 with alloys recast. The alloy used was Tilite. For the application of the load, the bars were attached to “EMIC” where the active tip of 200 kgf load cell was at a specific point of the bar (15 mm) with a speed of 0.5 mm per minute. The data showed statistically significant differences in relation to alloys and thickness among the bars, and all thicknesses evaluated were different. Thus, it was concluded that there was statistically significant difference between the groups and their variables, and that the alloys recast could be reused at least 1 time, without loss of properties.
The Nature and Function of the Patent System

THIS essay argues that the patent system performs a function not previously noted:' to increase the output from resources used for technological innovation. Recognition of this function makes it no longer possible to maintain that the patent inevitably reduces the output of the technology it subjects to exclusive control, but it does make more understandable what have heretofore been puzzling features of the patent system and reintegrates the patent institution with the general theory of property rights. These ideas first crystallized in response to Barzel's essay, "The Optimal Timing of Innovations,"2 where he points out that the exploitation of technological information has much in common with fisheries, public roads, and oil and water pools-all resources not subject to exclusive control. If the rule of first appropriation controls, there will be an inefficiently rapid depletion of the resource. Barzel suggested this problem could be solved if technological monopoly claims could be granted or auctioned off, giving their owner the exclusive right to develop the technological opportunity.3 What Barzel did
Expression of Notch Receptors in Primary Breast Cancer and Correlation with Pathological Features

Introduction: Notch signaling evolves as an important mediator of stem cell biology, tumor formation, angiogenesis and cell fate decisions. Four Notch receptors and five ligands have been identified in human, and they regulate a complex signal transduction pathway that interacts with other stem cell-related pathways as Sonic Hedgehog and Wnt. Recently, dysregulation of Notch pathway has been found to play a crucial role in breast cancer oncogenesis and it could serve as a target for treatment. Methods: We estimated the expression of Notch receptors’ at the mRNA level, in 200 human breast cancer samples from a single institution in Northern Greece. Notch 1-4 mRNA was estimated by using Real-time PCR and we correlated the level of Notch expression with breast cancer pathology (TNM, grade oestrogen and progesterone receptors and HER2). Results: We found that Notch receptors (at the mRNA level) are differentially expressed in breast cancer subgroups. Hormone receptor positive cancers express Notch-4 whilst Notch-1 and Notch-3 receptors are involved in the development of triple-negative breast cancer. HER2-positive cancers express lower levels of Notch-1, a finding that is in concert with other reports as well. Conclusion: Notch receptors are expressed differentially and could serve as potential targets for treatment in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer.
Intricate RNA : RNA Interactions in U12-Dependent Nuclear Pre-mRNA Splicing

Coding regions or exons of most human genes are interrupted by noncoding intervening regions or introns. Removal of nuclear precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) introns by RNA splicing is an essential step in eukaryotic gene expression. Two types of nuclear pre-mRNA introns are known as U2-dependent or major type and U12-dependent or minor type. Nuclear pre-mRNA introns are removed by two distinct sets of ribonucleoprotein complexes or spliceosomes, which are formed by five small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) for each spliceosome. U6atac and U12 snRNAs are central to U12dependent spliceosome and play essential roles in the removal of U12-dependent introns. U6atac and U12 snRNAs bind to the 5’ splice site and branch site, respectively of an U12-dependent intron. In addition, it has been predicted that, U6atac and U12 snRNAs interact inter-molecularly to form helix I structure, which appears to be an essential element of the minor spliceosome. We have been studying U6atac and U12 intermolecular base-pairing interaction using an in vivo mutation suppression assay. In this study, we have characterized U6atac and U12 mediated helix I intermolecular interactions and have shown in vivo existence of the predicted structure. In addition, we have also identified a region of U6atac snRNA which appears to be a structural
Oxygen declines and the shoaling of the hypoxic boundary in the California Current

We use hydrographic data from the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations program to explore the spatial and temporal variability of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the southern California Current System (CCS) over the period 1984–2006. Large declines in DO (up to 2.1 μmol/kg/y) have been observed throughout the domain, with the largest relative DO declines occurring below the thermocline (mean decrease of 21% at 300 m). Linear trends were significant (p < 0.05) at the majority of stations down to 500 m. The hypoxic boundary (∼60 μmol/kg) has shoaled by up to 90 m within portions of the southern CCS. The observed trends are consistent with advection of low‐DO waters into the region, as well as decreased vertical oxygen transport following near‐surface warming and increased stratification. Expansion of the oxygen minimum layer could lead to cascading effects on benthic and pelagic ecosystems, including habitat compression and community reorganization.
Compaction of porous rock by dissolution on discrete stylolites: a one-dimensional model

[1] Compaction of sedimentary porous rock by dissolution and precipitation is a complex deformation mechanism, that is often localized on stylolites and pressure solution seams. We consider a one-dimensional model of compaction near a thin clay-rich stylolite embedded in a porous rock. Under the assumption that the clay enhances solubility, the model predicts a reactive transport away from the clay layer followed by pore cementation. The evolution of the porosity, reactant transport, and compaction rate are studied as functions of model parameters and shown to reach a stationary state. We find good agreement between the porosity distribution predicted by the model and previously reported field measurements. The model provides quantitative estimates for compaction rates on stylolitic surfaces.
Implementation of Optimization Techniques for Multi-Documents Summarization

: E-learning is the way of smart learning. Mostly to respond an idea, launching a product, seminars, conferences, presentations slides or power point presentations is the smart way. It is useful tool to discuss and understand specific topic or subject. PPT’s are helpful for summarization of information which contains different sections, subsections, titles, special symbols such as, bullet, numbers etc. In this era, lots of softwares are available in the market to create slides for presentations. Softwares availab le in the market like, MS-office, Open-office are open source and also user-friendly. Using this software user can create well designed, stylish presentation slides, for this user have to go through the main content and he has to work on the summary of it. This summary or important data can be later on added in slides. This means that presentation software are helping out user just to create presentable designed slides and not helping him to design the content and this is the major problem. Therefore, we bui ld a solution for this congestion that can solve the exhaustive dilemma of data finalization and slide creation. Our system works automatically to generate the presentation slides from the academic papers. These automatically generated slides as drafts to create concrete and final presentation can be used by the end user. This triggers the slide creation process. To build this solution Support Vector Regression method (SVR) is proposed to finalize the important sentences by calculating their importance scores . Based on the importance score sentences are finalized and given to generate the slides. This system also implements Integer Linear Programming (ILP) model to generate the slides. These finalized sentences are used develop data for slide content. In this system only text part is considered to design the presentation slides from PDF file.