Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Combined dynamic multi-feature and rule-based behavior for accurate malware detection

Malware have become the scourge of the century, as they are continuously evolving and becoming more complex with increasing damages. Therefore, an adequate protection against such threats is vital. Behavior-based malware detection techniques have shown to be effective at overcoming the weaknesses of the signature-based ones. However, they are known for their high false alarms, which is still a very challenging problem. In this article, we address this shortcoming by proposing a rule-based behavioral malware detection system, which inherits the advantages of both signature and behavior-based approaches. We apply the proposed detection system on a combined set of three types of dynamic features, namely, (1) list of application programming interface calls; (2) application programming interface sequences; and (3) network traffic, which represents the IP addresses and domain names used by malware to connect to remote command-and-control servers. Feature selection and construction techniques, that is, term frequency–inverse document frequency and longest common subsequence, are performed on the three extracted features to generate new set of features, which are used to build behavioral Yet Another Recursive Acronym rules. The proposed malware detection approach is able to achieve an accuracy of 97.22% and a false positive rate of 4.69%.
Developing safe antimalaria drugs: Key lessons from mefloquine and halofantrine

Mefloquine and halofantrine were discovered and developed by the US Army between 1963-1976, for use by trav- ellers to regions with chloroquine-resistant malaria. The pre-licensing studies of both drugs were in prisoners and other non- travelling study populations. The US Food and Drug Administration granted marketing approval to mefloquine in 1989 and to halofantrine in 1992. Within months of licensing, major safety concerns emerged around both drugs. Halofantrine was found to cause dysrhythmias that were often fatal and from 1993 onwards was no longer in routine clinical use. Mefloquine was found to cause neurotoxicity and has been causally associated with 19 deaths in users, including 3 suicides; it is likely that this drug too will soon be abandoned. This represents a loss to medical science of two potentially valuable compounds, and a waste of US taxpayers' money. The pre-licensing studies carried out on halofantrine and mefloquine were inadequate and it is likely that more appropriate primary research would have resulted in safer products, with a longer commercial lifespan. The key lessons from these two compounds need to be applied in the development cycle of new and candidate antimalaria drugs, besides other novel agents targeted to highly specific patient groups.
Phase II studies of BEZ235 in patients with advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNET).

4102 Background: The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is upregulated in pNET. Everolimus (EVE) is an mTOR inhibitor (mTORi) approved to treat advanced pNET, but resistance occurs. PI3K pathway activation is associated with mTORi resistance. The dual mTOR/PI3K inhibitor BEZ235 (BEZ) may provide enhanced antitumor effects. Methods: Ph II studies (Study [S]1 [NCT01628913]; S2 [NCT01658436]) investigated BEZ in patients (pts) with advanced pNET. S1 enrolled pts with disease progression within 12 months (mo) and no prior mTORi, who were randomized 1:1 to BEZ (400 mg BID) or EVE (10 mg QD). Stage 1 of S2 (single arm) enrolled pts with advanced pNET after mTORi failure, who received BEZ (400 or 300 mg BID [starting dose reduced]). Primary endpoint for S1 was progression-free survival (PFS) assessed only for descriptive purposes, and 16-week (wk) PFS rate for S2. Interim futility analysis was performed after stage 1 of S2 (31 pts observed ≥16 wk). Futility rejection criteria: ≥60% 16-wk PFS rate and ≥0.9 posterior.
Emissions characteristics of higher alcohol/gasoline blends

Abstract An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the emissions characteristics of higher alcohols and gasoline (UTG96) blends. While lower alcohols (methanol and ethanol) have been used in blends with gasoline, very little work has been done or reported on higher alcohols (propanol, butanol and pentanol). Comparisons of emissions and fuel characteristics between higher alcohol/gasoline blends and neat gasoline were made to determine the advantages and disadvantages of blending higher alcohols with gasoline. All tests were conducted on a single-cylinder Waukesha Cooperative Fuel Research engine operating at steady state conditions and stoichiometric air-fuel (A/F) ratio. Emissions tests were conducted at the optimum spark timing-knock limiting compression ratio combination for the particular blend being tested. The cycle emissions [mass per unit time (g/h)] of CO, CO2 and organic matter hydrocarbon equivalent (OMHCE) from the higher alcohol/gasoline blends were very similar to those from neat gasoline. Cycle emissions of NOx from the blends were higher than those from neat gasoline. However, for all the emissions species considered, the brake specific emissions (g/kW h) were significantly lower for the higher alcohol/gasoline blends than for neat gasoline. This was because the blends had greater resistance to knock and allowed higher compression ratios, which increased engine power output. The contribution of alcohols and aldehydes to the overall OMHCE emissions was found to be minimal. Cycle fuel consumption (g/h) of higher alcohol/gasoline blends was slightly higher than with neat gasoline due to the lower stoichiometric A/F ratios required by the blends. However, the brake specific fuel consumption (g/kW h) for the blends was significantly lower than that for neat gasoline.
Response to Dr Battersby

last 30 years has been to determine which are the essential elements of therapy so that therapy is delivered with the maximum effect in the least time for both clinician and patient. Exposure in its many forms (including elimination of safety behaviours) has consistently emerged as the essential ingredient of therapy. Applied individually, a significant reduction of time per patient from the 80 h of the USUSAL program would be expected.
BRIEF REVIEW ON DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUE AND NOVEL MOLECULES IN CLINICAL TRIALS FOR TREATMENT OF BREAST CANCER

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in both developed and undeveloped countries, and the second most frequent cause of cancer deaths after lung cancer. Although there have been many chemotherapeutic agents like 5-fluorouracil, taxol, tamoxifen, doxorubicin, cisplatin, and camptothecin and hormones are used to treat breast cancer. This review focuses on the causes of breast cancer, latest diagnostic techniques and various molecules under clinical trials for the treatment of breast cancer.
Nutritional Intervention to Prevent Weight Gain in Patients Commenced on Olanzapine: A Randomizedcontrolled Trial

Objective: Olanzapine is the most commonly prescribed atypical antipsychotic medication in Australia. Research repor ts an average weight gain of between 4.5 and 7 kg in the 3 months following its commencement. Trying to minimize this weight gain in a population with an already high prevalence of obesity, mor tality and morbidity is of clinical and social importance. This randomized controlled trial investigated the impact of individual nutrition education provided by a dietitian on weight gain in the 3 and 6 months following the commencement of olanzapine. Method: Fifty-one individuals (29 females, 22 males) who had star ted on olanzapine in the previous 3 months (mean length of 27 days 20) were recruited through Peninsula Health Psychiatric Services and were randomly assigned to either the intervention (n = 29) or the control group (n = 22). Individuals in the intervention group received six 1 hour nutrition education sessions over a 3-month period. Weight, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI) and qualitative measures of exercise levels, quality of life, health and body image were collected at baselineat 3 and 6 months. Results: After 3 months, the control group had gained significantly more weight than the treatment group (6.0 kg vs 2.0 kg, p≤0.002). Weight gain of more than 7% of initial weight occurred in 64% of the control group compared to 13% of the treatment group. The control group's BMI increased significantly more than the treatment group's (2 kg/m2 vs 0.7 kg/m2, p ≤0.03). The treatment group reported significantly greater improvements in moderate exercise levels, quality of life, health and body image compared to the controls. At 6 months, the control group continued to show significantly more weight gain since baseline than the treatment group (9.9 kg vs 2.0 kg, p≤0.013) and consequently had significantly greater increases in BMI (3.2 kg/m2vs 0.8 kg/m2, p ≤0.017). Conclusion: Individualnutritional intervention provided bya dietitian is highly successful at preventing olanzapine-induced weight gain.
Employee Perceptions on Recognition and Opportunity for Advancement: The Case of a Financial Institution in Ghana

Recognition and opportunity for advancement are facets of motivation that affect employee satisfaction at the workplace. For management to adequately attend to these, there is the need to know how the employees themselves feel about such issues. This study was conducted to assess the perceptions of employees of a financial institution in Ghana regarding recognition and opportunity for advancement. Survey with questionnaire and interview were used to collect data from 61 employees. Descriptive statistics and chi-square at 0.05 level of significance were used to analyze the data. The findings indicated that majority of the respondents (55.7%) appeared satisfied with recognition accorded them at the workplace. There was no significant difference among respondents categorized according to gender regarding recognition. However, senior staff appeared to feel more recognized by management than junior staff. Regarding adequacy of opportunity for advancement, majority of the respondents (77.0%) found it to be inadequate. Employees would like to have in-service training, study leave with pay and re- imbursement of subscriptions and examination fees for membership of professional bodies. The study also showed no difference of opinion among respondents categorized according to gender. When categorized according to status, senior staff appeared to be more satisfied with opportunity for advancement than junior staff. It is recommended that management should strive to maintain the existing conditions that make both male and female employees feel equally treated, while trying to bridge the gap between senior and junior staff regarding recognition and opportunity for advancement.
Patterns and Predictors of Remission, Response and Recovery in Major Depression Treated with Fluoxetine or Nortriptyline

Objective: The first objective of this paper was to describe the pattern of remission, response and recovery in patients with major depression who were randomised for treatment with fluoxetine or nortriptyline. The second objective was to report on the demographic and diagnostic predictors of the response and recovery in these depressed patients. Method: One hundred and ninety-five patients with major depression were recruited for this outpatient study. After a detailed clinical and neurobiological evaluation patients were randomized to receive either fluoxetine or nortiptyline as an initial antidepressant treatment. Results: Of the 195 depressed patients randomised to treatment, 154 completed an adequate 6-week trial of either fluoxetine or nortriptyline as their initial antidepressant. Of the 41 patients who did not complete an adequate trial the dropout rate was higher on those randomized to nortriptyline (p = 0.02). There was also an important interaction of drug and gender in determining dropouts in that women did not complete an adequate trial with nortriptyline and men did not complete an adequate trial with fluoxetine (p = 0.002). Of the 154 patients who completed an adequate 6-week antidepressant trial there were no significant differences in 6-week measures of depression severity or of percentage improvement. However, if we use an intention to treat analysis and dichotomise outcomes into response, remission or recovery; then recovery rates were significantly higher with fluoxetine than nortriptyline (p = 0.005). Using an intention to treat analysis fluoxetine was superior to nortriptyline in women, in those less than 25-years old, and in those with atypical depression. Independent of drug, those with chronic depressions had a poorer outcome. Conclusion: In this sample of depressed patients randomized to nortriptyline or fluoxetine the change in depressive symptoms over 6 weeks were comparable between fluoxetine and nortriptyline. However, when we look at the more clinically important variable of recovery then fluoxetine was superior to nortriptyline. Predictors of a poorer response to nortriptyline were gender, young age and atypical depression. The results challenge traditional beliefs that selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressant have comparable efficacy.
Mental Health Research in Australia and New Zealand

In this issue, McGrath et al. (pp. 533–541) continue the series of papers (e.g. [1]) describing leading Australasian research groups. Key messages from the development of the Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research include the importance of research groups having the courage to change and to concentrate on areas of research strength. It is also important to note that while some of the disease burden due to mental disorders could be reduced by better mental health policy and services, an even greater proportion of disease burden cannot be averted with our current knowledge and treatments. Any rational strategy to improve the mental health status of our communities would therefore include a larger investment for research into the aetiology and treatment of mental disorders. Blair et al. (pp. 542–549) continue the series of papers on research methods [2,3], and summarize techniques for the identification of genes involved in psychiatric disorders. The evidence that genes are of major importance for the aetiology of most major mental disorders is now overwhelming. This should not lead to a ‘simplistic biological reductionism’, but to an integration of multiple explanatory perspectives [4]. Indeed, some of the most exciting psychiatric research in the world at present is coming from the Dunedin longitudinal study, and is showing the importance of gene–environment interactions [5,6]. There is no longer a debate about nature versus nurture, the challenge is understanding their interplay. The editors hope that this journal can publish important papers that address this vital challenge of nature via nurture. Van den Buuse et al. (pp. 550–557) from the Mental Health Research Institute of Victoria review the importance of animal models for research on psychiatric
Atherosclerotic Changes in Common Carotid Artery, Common Femoral Artery, and Ascending Aorta/Aortic Arch in Candidates for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

In a recent study, we investigated the possible association of atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta/aortic arch with the extent of coronary artery disease (CAD). Aortic atherosclerosis was determined histopathologically and accordingly, there were 32 cases (23.7%) with grade 0-I atherosclerotic changes. In a recent letter by Ghorashi et al, they hypothesized that since atherosclerosis is a systemic disease and the aortic arch, in particular, is exposed to some extra risk factors such as strain, grade 0-I atherosclerosis is not expected in the aortic arch of patients with severe CAD. All our histopathologic examinations were performed by an experienced pathologist. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that reports atherosclerotic changes in the ascending aorta/aortic arch histopathologically in a group of live patients with varying degrees of CAD. However, our findings are somewhat consistent with previous reports that examined the atherosclerotic changes in the aorta in postmortem specimens or by noninvasive ultrasound approaches. Actually it is well understood by experienced investigators that any conclusion should be based on the facts rather than on expectations only; and similarly, there might be no absolute rule of thumb in this regard. In the same letter, the authors also discussed the lack of data regarding the association between grade 0 and I atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta/aortic arch and severity of CAD, as well as its possible determiners. In Figure 4, however, it is clearly stated that the white bars represent ‘‘no/mild’’ aortic arch atherosclerosis. We assume that this is missed by the authors of the letter. Based on our findings, atherosclerosis of the ascending aorta/aortic arch was an independent predictor of CAD extent, and the comparison between different groups of patients with varying extents of the aortic atherosclerosis was not among our primary objectives. Furthermore, this comparison needs normal controls and sufficient number of patients with no/mild atherosclerosis of the aorta. This may be considered in further studies. Declaration of Conflicting Interests
Stress, the Hippocampus and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis: Implications for the Development of Psychotic Disorders

Objective: The experience of stress is commonly implicated in models of the onset of psychotic disorders. However, prospective studies investigating associations between biological markers of stress and the emergence of psychotic disorders are limited and inconclusive. One biological system proposed as the link between the psychological experience of stress and the development of psychosis is the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. This paper summarizes and discusses evidence supporting a role for HPA-axis dysfunction in the early phase of schizophrenia and related disorders. Method: A selective review of psychiatric and psychological research on stress, coping, HPA-axis, the hippocampus and psychotic disorders was performed, with a particular focus on the relationship between HPA-axis dysfunction and the onset of psychotic disorders. Results: Individual strands of past research have suggested that the HPA-axis is dysfunctional in at least some individuals with established psychotic disorders; that the hippocampus is an area of the brain that appears to be implicated in the onset and maintenance of psychotic disorders; and that an increase in the experience of stress precedes the onset of a psychotic episode in some individuals. Models of the onset and maintenance of psychotic disorders that link these individual strands of research and strategies for examining these models are proposed in this paper. Conclusions: The current literature provides some evidence that the onset of psychotic disorders may be associated with a higher rate of stress and changes to the hippocampus. It is suggested that future research should investigate whether a relationship exists between psychological stress, HPA-axis functioning and the hippocampus in the onset of these disorders. Longitudinal assessment of these factors in young people at ‘ultra’ high risk of psychosis and first-episode psychosis cohorts may enhance understanding of the possible interaction between them in the early phases of illness.
Company Performance Measurement with Use of Genetic Algorithm

This paper deals with measurement of company performance. Different methods may be used for measuring of performance of companies. In this article, the authors pay attention to the use of value-based methods in the measuring of performance, like the economic value added concept (EVA); and the traditional measuring of performance and management of companies with the use of financial analysis indicators. This traditional approach is preferred by managers, while the use of EVA is often restrained due to a lack of input information or difficulties in calculation. In the course of research, the authors inquire into a question whether a relationship between the value of EVA and the selected indicators of traditional financial analysis may be found. In order to prove that, the authors employ genetic algorithms for clustering into different groups of performance and they embark on testing of linear dependence. They show that, to a certain degree of probability, this relationship may be proved with selected parameters. Outcomes of this research may be used for performance evaluation in the business practice. Conclusions of this research also may be exploited in the construction of creditworthiness and bankruptcy prediction models. Key-words: Performance, measurement, financial indicators, Economic value added, clustering, generic
Periodicity Irregularity Map Estimation of Human Gait with a Depth Camera for Pathology Detection

—This paper describes a computer vision system based on a depth camera (Microsoft Kinect TM ) and a conventional treadmill for a fast and reliable visual detection and analysis of the patient’s body parts that have an irregular movement pattern, in terms of periodicity, during walking. In this work, we thus assume that the gait of a healthy subject exhibits anywhere in the human body, during the walking cycles, a depth signal (depending on time and collected by a Kinect TM sensor) with a periodic pattern without noise. Herein, the presence of noise and its importance can be used either as a good indicator of possible pathology in an early (and fast) diagnostic tool or to provide information about the presence and extent of disease or (orthopedic, muscular or neurological) problems in the patient. The depth videos used show, for each one, the gait cycles of either a healthy individual or simulating an orthopedic problem (with the presence of a heel under the right or left foot). The proposed system is able to estimate, from each video sequence, a saliency color map showing the areas of strong gait irregularities, in terms of periodicity (also called aperiodic noise energy), of each subject. Even if the maps obtained are informative and highly discriminant for a direct visual classiﬁcation, even for a non-specialist, the proposed system, based on the extraction/classiﬁcation of features from each obtained map allow us to automatically detect maps representing healthy individuals and those representing individuals with orthopedic problems.
The Syndrome of Nonejection Click-Late Systolic Murmur and Mitral Valve Prolaspe

The mitral valve abnormality which is now commonly called the midsystolic or nonejection click-late systolic murmur syndrome is not a rare condition.1-5 Several terms have been applied to describe this syndrome, the majority of which are related to the physical and angiographic findings, i.e., auscultatory electrocardiographic syndrome, billowing posterior-mitral leaflet syndrome,’ prolapsing mitral leaflet syndrome,’ midsystolic click-late systolic murmur syndrome,3-4 and floppy mitral valve syndrome. ’ The purpose of this paper is to report a patient with this syndrome and to review the subject.