Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Algal wastewater treatment and biomass producing potential: nutrient removal efficiency and cell physiological responses

Microalgae are sun - light cell factories that convert carbon dioxide to biofuels, foods, feeds, and other bioproducts. The concept of microalgae cultivation as an integrated system in wastewater treatment has optimized the potential of the microalgae - based biofuel production. These microorganisms contains lipids, polysaccharides, proteins, pigments and other cell compounds, and their biomass can provide different kinds of biofuels such as biodiesel, biomethane and ethanol. The algal biomass application strongly depends on the cell composition and the production of biofuels appears to be economically convenient only in conjunction with wastewater treatment. The aim of this research thesis was to investigate a biological wastewater system on a laboratory scale growing a newly isolated freshwater microalgae, Desmodesmus communis, in effluents generated by a local wastewater reclamation facility in Cesena (Emilia Romagna, Italy) in batch and semi - continuous cultures. This work showed the potential utilization of this microorganism in an algae - based wastewater treatment; Desmodesmus communis had a great capacity to grow in the wastewater, competing with other microorganisms naturally present and adapting to various environmental conditions such as different irradiance levels and nutrient concentrations. The nutrient removal efficiency was characterized at different hydraulic retention times as well as the algal growth rate and biomass composition in terms of proteins, polysaccharides, total lipids and total fatty acids (TFAs) which are considered the substrate for biodiesel production. The biochemical analyses were coupled with the biomass elemental analysis which specified the amount of carbon and nitrogen in the algal biomass. Furthermore photosynthetic investigations were carried out to better correlate the environmental conditions with the physiology responses of the cells and consequently get more information to optimize the growth rate and the increase of TFAs and C/N ratio, cellular compounds and biomass parameter which are fundamental in the biomass energy recovery.
Sense of community, sense of community responsibility, organizational commitment and identification, and public service motivation: a simultaneous test of affective states on employee well-being and engagement in a public service work context

ABSTRACT The present study has two aims. First, we examine sense of community, sense of community responsibility, organizational commitment and identification, and PSM in predicting measures of employee engagement and well-being. Second, we examine if PSM acts as a direct or indirect predictor of the employee measures. The findings highlight that community experiences are powerful predictors and that the role of PSM is more indirect than direct. The study provides a step forward in understanding the utility of psychological predictors when simultaneously compared, and offers hope for future studies where we continue to conduct comparative analyses beyond the boundary of public management.
Vaccinating for Whom? Distinguishing between Self-Protective, Paternalistic, Altruistic and Indirect Vaccination

Abstract Preventive vaccination can protect not just vaccinated individuals, but also others, which is often a central point in discussions about vaccination. To date, there has been no systematic study of self- and other-directed motives behind vaccination. This article has two major goals: first, to examine and distinguish between self- and other-directed motives behind vaccination, especially with regard to vaccinating for the sake of third parties, and second, to explore some ways in which this approach can help to clarify and guide vaccination debates and policy. I propose conceiving of vaccination in terms of three basic elements: the vaccination decision-maker, the vaccine recipient and the primary beneficiary. I develop a taxonomy based on the relations between these elements to distinguish four kinds of vaccination: self-protective, paternalistic, altruistic and indirect. I finally discuss the case of human papillomavirus vaccine regulation for men and women to show how each kind of vaccination is associated with and raises specific ethical questions.
Global sturgeon aquaculture production: an overview

Summary The over-exploitation both of natural and enhanced sturgeon stocks for caviar production along with serious habitat deteriorations has led to drastic declines in the natural populations. As a consequence, IUCN in 1997 listed all commercially utilised sturgeon species world-wide in Annex II of the CITES regulations, thus requiring internationally agreed quotas for trade in order to promote protection. Demands for caviar on traditional export markets (Europe, US, Japan, Russia, and China) based on trade data from the 1980s and 1990s were extrapolated into the future to range from 300 tonnes to a maximum of 2000 tonnes annually. Historically, international trade comprised 500 tonnes per year with a marked proportion of resale over 2 years following the catch. If these trade figures are a realistic reflection of the market, the future of caviar trade will mainly be determined by demand- driven price structures. The feasibility of caviar production from aquaculture was already assessed in the 1980s, predicting an increasing importance on world markets. Russia, Iran, the European Union, and USA were among the major producers and consumers in the past. New entities in the range states as well as outside are increasingly contributing to the market, resulting in a substantial influence on the structure of the industry. The present total output of about 80–100 tonnes of caviar from aquaculture is now already exceeding the 2006 legal caviar yield from fisheries in the Caspian area (primarily supported by ocean ranching) while being close to the 2007/2008 quotas. Future trends for large scale caviar production are discussed, taking into account some of the scenarios the industry is most likely to face, including uncertainties in the market (e.g. rapid production increase and market sensitivities to overproduction with price structure effects, stress effects in production costs, reduced profit margins, product diversification; growing competition from alternative products) and opportunities (decreasing pressures on natural stocks; improved image) of this relatively new branch of aquaculture.
Revisiting medication: listening to lived experiences from persons in mental health recovery without ongoing medication use

ABSTRACT This qualitative study used a grounded theory approach to explore the lived experience of psychotropic medication use in the recovery process of 18 participants who had a diagnosis of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depression but who were successful in recovery without ongoing medication use. Participants’ narratives depicted a continuum of medication experiences in their recovery process centered on three key recovery factors identified by participants: basic functioning, deeper healing, and hope for recovery. For each recovery factor, participants’ experiences ranged from perceiving medication as promoting recovery to perceiving medication as impeding their recovery, with mixed experiences in between. Findings suggested that the role of medication in recovery is multifaceted and individualized. Mental health providers should avoid a one-size-fits-all philosophy on medication for major mental health conditions, and should be responsive to individual situations and needs.
Poachers and Snobs: Demand for Rarity and the Effects of Antipoaching Policies

Habitat loss, climate change, poaching, and illegal wildlife trafficking are threatening a large number of animal populations. Recent research suggests that people place higher value on wildlife or wildlife‐derived goods when they are considered rare or uncommon. Although supply‐side antipoaching policies—such as strengthening the enforcement of regulations against illegal hunting—decrease people's incentives to engage in poaching, one significant consequence of the demand for rarity is that it weakens the impact of these policies. While the demand for rarity cannot completely offset the effects of supply‐side antipoaching policies, the reduction in the amount of poaching that can be achieved using these policies may not be large when people are willing to pay more for rare wildlife goods. This calls into question whether actions targeting the supply side of the market for poaching are the most effective ones for protecting endangered or threatened species affected by poaching.
Achieving Sustainable Development Goals. Efficiency in the Spanish Clean Water and Sanitation Sector

In recent years, achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is becoming a major challenge for local governments. This research focuses on the role of Spanish local governments in the fulfillment of SDG-6, which aims to ensure the availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all citizens. Specifically, this study analyses the evolution of the efficiency of Spanish local governments, and its determining factors, in the achievement of the SDG-6. The results indicate that the taxes associated with water supply and sanitation services, the private management of these services, population density, local government budget revenues, the income of the inhabitants of the municipality and the fragmentation of local governments are factors that can improve the evolution of the efficiency of Spanish local governments in achieving the SDG-6.
Vertebrate radiations of the Jehol Biota and their environmental background

Significant progress has been made in recent years in the studies of various groups of the Jehol Biota, particularly concerning the origin of birds and their flight as well as the evolution of Early Cretaceous birds, dinosaurs,mammals, insects and flowering plants. As a result,the Jehol Biota has become well known to both the scientific
Sustainable happiness of Thai people: Monitoring the Thai Happiness Index

ABSTRACT This research investigates and monitors Thai people’s happiness via the Thai Happiness Index developed by Senasu. The Thai Happiness Index comprises five dimensions: subjective well-being, quality of life, philosophy of living, governance, and standard of living. In addition to reflecting the level of happiness of Thai people, this index also identifies related important issues. The research data were collected from survey data using interviewed questionnaires. The primary data were from stratified multi-stage sampling in each region, province, district, and enumeration area; and simple random sampling in each enumeration area. These data were collected in 13 provinces: Bangkok and 3 provinces in each of all four regions. The data were collected over two consecutive years. There were 3,217 usable responses from the 2017 sampling, and 3,280 usable responses from the 2018 sampling. The Senasu's Thai Happiness Index (THaI) was used to calculate and monitor the happiness level of Thai people in 2017 and 2018. The result reveals the 2018 THaI value is 0.556. When people are divided according to their degree of happiness, it is found that a total of 21.1% of the population are happy. The group of happy population reflects a THaI value of 0.789, which is much higher than the THaI value of 0.494 of the not-yet-happy population. Overall, Thai people have higher happiness compared to 2017 when the happiness index was 0.506, and only 14.6% of the population were happy.
Activity-based English language learning: A contemporary learner-friendly approach for developing speaking skills in the over-crowded classrooms

Developing speaking skills in the English language is strenuous work for a non-native speaker of English. Even a trained facilitator also goes through troublesome situations as in most of the cases, Indian classrooms are crowded. Minute attention and remedial classes seem uncertain due to the lack of time, space and scope. Limitations of learning teaching materials are also important issues in the Indian learning-teaching environment. In this circumstance, this work is a sort of action research or remedial work in search of effective activities that can be constructively solicited for the benefit of the target learners’ group. Listening is a necessary part of the learning process of speaking skills. But in a developing country like India, it’s tough to arrange contemporary audio-visual gadgets always. So the language-related activities are designed is such a way that by using the least amount of learning teaching materials, an instructor will be able to guide the learners. The set-backs of all the nineteen methods, approaches and techniques are already known worldwide. Without stressing on a particular method or instead of developing a new method, this work is a sincere attempt to incorporate relevant activities to enhance the speaking skills of the learners. The salient idiosyncrasy is to accomplish a standard joyful learning session which should be continuous, comprehensive and focused simultaneously.
Mass Transfer Modeling during Osmotic Dehydration of Chub Mackerel (Scomber japonicus) Slices in Salt and Glycerol Solution at Different Temperatures

The use of osmotic dehydration to preserve fish products could be an interesting option in order to maintain the characteristics of food. The objective of this research was to study the mathematical modeling of water loss and solute gain during the cooking-infusion of chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) slices at different temperatures. Osmotic dehydration was performed by cooking-infusion in solutions containing 54% (w/w) glycerol and 7% (w/w) salt (solution aw = 0.64) at different temperatures (50, 70 and 90C). Experimental results were adjusted to the Crank, Weibull, and Zugarramurdi & Lupin models. Mass transfer kinetics of water, salt and glycerol during osmotic dehydration of chub mackerel slices were adequately adjusted, with similar accuracy, by the three models. However, the Zugarramurdi & Lupin model was preferred because it also allowed the prediction of water and solids contents at equilibrium, which is relevant for the development of this kind of products. Practical Applications This article deals with the mathematical modeling of mass transfer during osmotic dehydration (OD) of chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) slices. Based on the importance of developing new preservation technologies of this species, we consider that OD by immersion in osmotic solutions represents a good alternative for the industrialized production of chub mackerel. The models proposed in this work allowed the accurate prediction of water and soluble solid transfer kinetics during processing at different temperatures. Moreover, Zugarramurdi & Lupin model satisfactorily predicted the equilibrium values. The development of new products and the optimization of OD process depend on the adequate understanding of the moisture and solids contents and on the knowledge of the diffusion coefficients during OD. The results of this work are of sum importance for the fish processing industry to develop intermediate moisture fish products, which, in turn, can be ready-to-eat products, as well as input material of further processes.
Hierarchical Semantic Community Detection in Information Networks: A Complete Information Graph Approach

: In order to detect the hierarchical semantic community which is helpful to discover the true organization of information network,we propose a complete information graph approach. In this method, we first use complete information graphs including semantic edges and link edges to represent information networks. Then we define semantic modularity as an objective function, a measure that can express not only the tightness of links, but also the consistency of content. Next, we improve Lovain's algorithm and propose simLV algorithm to detect communities on the complete information graph. This recursive algorithm itself can discover semantic communities of different sizes in the process of execution. Experiment results show the hierarchical community detected by the simLV algorithm performs better than the Louvain in measuring the consistency of semantic content for our approach takes into account the content attributes of nodes, which are neglected by many other methods. It can detect more meaningful community structures with consistent content and tight structure in information networks such as social networks, citation networks, web networks, etc., which is helpful to the application of information dissemination analysis, topic detection, public opinion detection, etc.
Mutations can reveal how the coronavirus moves—but they’re easy to overinterpret

Immediately after Christian Drosten published a genetic sequence of the novel coronavirus online on 28 February, he took to Twitter to issue a warning As the virus has raced around the world, more than 350 genome sequences have been shared on the online platform GISAID They hold clues to how the new virus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is spreading and evolving But because the sequences represent a tiny fraction of cases and show few telltale differences, they are easy to overinterpret, as Drosten realized A virologist at the Charite University Hospital in Berlin, he had sequenced the virus from a German patient infected with COVID-19 in Italy The genome looked similar to that of a virus found in a patient in Munich, the capital of Bavaria, more than 1 month earlier;both shared three mutations not seen in early sequences from China Drosten realized this could give rise to the idea that the Italian outbreak was “seeded” by the one in Bavaria, which state public health officials said had been quashed by tracing and quarantining all contacts of the 14 confirmed cases But he thought it was just as likely that a Chinese variant carrying the three mutations had taken independent routes to both countries The newly sequenced genome “is not sufficient to claim a link between Munich and Italy,” Drosten tweeted
A Comparative Study of Theoretical Methods to Estimate Semiconductor Nanoparticles’ Size

In this paper, we compare four different methods to estimate nanoparticle diameters from optical absorption measurements, using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images as a reference for the nanoparticle size. Three solutions of colloidal nanoparticles coated with thiophenol with different diameters were synthesized by thiolate decomposition. The nanoparticle sizes were controlled by the addition of a certain volume of a 1% sulphur solution in toluene. TEM measurements showed that the average diameter for each type of these nanoparticles was 2.8 nm, 3.2 nm, and 4.0 nm. The methods studied for the calculation of the nanoparticles diameter were: The Brus model, the hyperbolic band model (HBM), the Henglein model, and the Yu equation. We evaluated the importance of a good knowledge of the nanoparticle bandgap energy, and the nature of electronic transitions in the semiconductor. We studied the effects that small variations in the electron and hole effective mass values produced in the Brus equation and in the HBM model for CdS, PbS, and ZnS nanoparticles. Finally, a comparison was performed between the data provided by these models and the experimental results obtained with TEM images. In conclusion, we observed that the best approximation to the experimental results with TEM images was the Brus equation. However, when the bandgap energy was close to the bulk bandgap energy, the theoretical models did not adjust correctly to the size measured from the TEM images.
The women’s inclusive mentoring framework: developing strong female leaders in counselor education

cABSTRACT Women continue to be underrepresented in leadership roles in counselor education, highlighting a need for leadership development and mentoring initiatives. Drawing on recommendations from the literature, The Women’s Inclusive Mentoring Framework (WIMF) is proposed to address this need. Guided by a relational-cultural approach, the WIMF incorporates quality mentors and mentor-mentee matches, vision and plan development, and focused mentoring interventions. Strengths and limitations of the framework are discussed, along with suggestions for further development.
When Public Recognition Inhibits Prosocial Behavior: The Case of Charitable Giving

Commonly regarded as an important driver of donation behavior, public recognition also can reduce donations. With three studies, this research manipulates whether donors receive public, private, imposed, or optional forms of recognition; the results show that the influence of recognition on the decision to donate is moderated by donors’ need for social approval. Whereas public recognition improves charitable giving among people with higher need for approval, imposing recognition reduces donations among people with lower need, suggesting a potential crowding-out effect on prior motives (Study 1). This penalty for public recognition disappears when the public recognition is optional (Study 2). When public recognition is saliently imposed (not requested), donation likelihood increases, suggesting that donors’ potential concerns about observers’ suspicion of their true motives is reduced (Study 3). This research highlights conditions in which public recognition encourages charitable giving and paves the way for further research on social dimensions of generosity.
Enzymatic formation of styrene during wheat beer fermentation is dependent on pitching rate and cinnamic acid content

Styrene is formed by the thermal decarboxylation of cinnamic acid during wort boiling or by enzymatic decarboxylation during fermentation. The enzymatic reaction processes simultaneously to the decarboxylation of ferulic- and p-cumaric acid to clove-like 4-vinylguaiacol and phenolic 4-vinylphenol by the same PAD1 and FDC1 decarboxylase enzymes. However, the formation of styrene occurs much faster within the first hours of fermentation. In addition, the conversion of cinnamic acid starts immediately after pitching without an adaption of yeast on the new medium. Only after 120 min does the level of transposition decrease. Moreover, high cinnamic acid content in pitching wort, in combination with an open fermentation management, causes faster and higher styrene formation during this period. In contrast to the formation of 4-vinylguaiacol, a correlation between pitching rate and styrene formation during open fermentation could be shown. The resulting time interval between styrene and 4-vinylguaiacol formation provides scope for minimization strategies for styrene, while maintaining the typical wheat beer flavours. Copyright © 2012 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling