Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social Reactions to Sexual Assault Disclosure and Problem Drinking

Sexual assault survivors receive various positive and negative social reactions to assault disclosures, yet little is known about mechanisms linking these social reactions to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and problem drinking. Data from a large, diverse sample of women who had experienced adult sexual assault were analyzed with structural equation modeling to test a theoretical model of the relationships between specific negative social reactions (e.g., controlling, infantilizing) and positive reactions (e.g., tangible support), perceived control over recovery, PTSD, and drinking outcomes (N = 1,863). A model disaggregating controlling reactions from infantilizing reactions showed that infantilizing reactions in particular related to less perceived control, which in turn was related to more PTSD and problem drinking, whereas controlling reactions were not related to perceived control, PTSD, or problem drinking. Tangible support was related to increased perceived control over recovery, yet it was not protective against PTSD or problem drinking. Finally, PTSD and drinking to cope fully mediated the effect of perceived control on problem drinking. Implications for practice and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Telepathology using immunofluorescence/immunoperoxidase microscopy

We evaluated low-cost, store-and-forward telepathology interpretation of digital images of skin sections stained immunohistochemically, using immunofluorescence (IF) and immunoperoxidase (IP). The sample comprised 17 patients with skin diseases characterized by cutaneous deposition of immunoglobulins, fibrinogen or complement components. Up to 11 digital IF or IP images (median 3) were transferred via email to centres in Graz, Austria, and Kurume, Japan. Both remote centres had expertise in reading immunohistochemical specimens. Although image files were relatively small (approximately 100 kByte), the IF images were of high quality and they were well suited to static telepathology. There was agreement on the diagnoses made by the local and both remote centres by physicians experienced in IF/IP microscopy in 14 of 17 cases (82%). These results suggest that telepathology evaluation of immunohistochemical specimens may be a useful procedure for the discussion of unusual skin disorders, training purposes and second-opinion consultations on difficult cases from centres of excellence in immunohistochemical diagnosis.
Heparin treatment in thrombin‐induced disseminated intravascular coagulation in the baboon

Background and MethodsWe postulated that low-dose heparin (10 IU/kg·hr) administered as a continuous iv infusion may prevent or ameliorate the induction of thrombin-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation in baboons under general anesthesia. In a nonrandomized experiment lasting 8 hrs, animals were divided into three groups: 11 received thrombin only (group A); ten were pretreated with heparin before thrombin administration (group B); and 15 received heparin 2 hrs after disseminated intravascular coagulation was induced with thrombin (group C). All animals were monitored hemodynamically and coagulation tests were performed hourly. Tests included the following: one-stage prothrombin ratio; activated partial thromboplastin time; fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products; thrombin time; plasma fibrinogen level; antithrombin III and activated clotting time. After the acute phase of the experiment, the animals were observed for 6 days and a postmortem examination was performed on a survivor of each group. ResultsSix (55%) group A animals died within 6 days, while there were no deaths in group B and one animal (7%) died in group C. In group C, the administration of heparin could not normalize the clotting profile, but the mortality rate was significantly less than in group A. The prophylactic administration of heparin in group B prevented the induction of disseminated intravascular coagulation. The postmortem findings were of interest, but no statistically valid conclusions could be made, as only one autopsy was done for each group. However, the results suggest that heparin pretreatment may protect against lung edema and liver necrosis. ConclusionThe results suggest that heparin, in a dose of 10 IU/kg-hr iv, could possibly be safely used in patients at high risk of developing disseminated intravascular coagulation and in those patients with established disseminated intravascular coagulation.
An optimized self-powered P-SSHI circuit for piezoelectric energy harvesting

Self powered energy management circuits make energy harvesting converters more efficient and more reliable. This paper presents an improvement of a self-powered parallel synchronized switch harvesting on inductor (P-SSHI) circuit for piezoelectric transducers. Two different switching techniques are evaluated, which are switching based on two MOSFETs controlled by two operational amplifiers and switching based on bipolar transistors. Simulation results show that the circuit using the switch based on bipolar transistors delivers a 19.2 times higher power comparing to the other switching technique. Optimization of this result is proposed by reducing losses in the circuit using less energy consuming components which increases the power output by more than 300% in comparison to formerly proposed solutions. The optimized circuit is designed and tested using a commercially available piezoelectric converter with and without a proof mass. Experimental results are compared to simulations made using the same excitation sources. A good agreement is found between the course of both simulation and experimental results.
Ultrastructure of the 2-months denervated rat leg muscle

Ultrastructure of slow (soleus, SOL) and fast (extensor digitorum longus, EDL) rat leg muscles were examined two months after denervation when progress of atrophy slow down, and it enters in some more stable stage. In the experimental muscles the mass decreased to about 25% of the control value. Muscle fibres were decreased in size considerably, but not uniformly. The most muscle fibres were preserved showing features of denervation atrophy. However about 1.4% of muscle fibres, both in SOL and EDL, were seriously damaged, that is, they underwent severe atrophy, necrosis and/or programmed cell death. They showed generally increased electron density, disorganised contractile structure with unrecognisable Z-line, damaged or not recognisable mitochondria and large vacuoles. Such fibres were grouped or situated individually close to preserved ones or to myotubes. Myotubes constituted about 2% of muscle fibres. Some of them were degenerating or dying. Large accumulation of collagen fibrils was common among muscle fibres, surrounding often blood vessels or myotubes. Thus, in addition to “simple” muscle atrophy, as early as 2 months after denervation, both slow and fast muscles show “degenerating and dying/regenerating myofibers.
Differences on the Projective Hand Test Among Chronic Pain Patients Reporting Three Different Pain Experiences

This study examined personality differences among individuals experiencing 3 different types of pain. The projective Hand Test was administered to 90 individuals who were seeking treatment at a pain clinic in an urban area of the southeast United States. These people were seeking treatment for either arthritis (n = 31), fibromyalgia (n = 29), or migraine headaches (n = 30). A 2 (gender) ×3 (pain group) ×Age Group multivariate analysis of variance was conducted using the quantitative Hand Test scoring variables as dependent measures. Results indicated that individuals who were seeking treatment for migraine headaches had a higher production rate of responses involving exhibitionistic displays (EXH) than individuals in the other 2 groups. Individuals who were seeking treatment for fibromyalgia had a higher production rate of responses indicating fear and phobic concerns (FEAR) than individuals in the other 2 groups. Individuals who were seeking treatment for arthritis had a higher production rate of Active (ACT) responses than individuals in the other 2 groups. Possible causes and consequences of these effects are discussed.
Antibiotic susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from healthy chickens in poultry farms in Kano state, Nigeria

Staphylococcus aureus infection in poultry birds have been linked to the cause of increased morbidity and mortality in poultry management and treatment due to antibiotic resistance. This aim of this study is to proffer better treatment option in the management of S. aureus infection from poultry farms in Kano State using standard microbiological methods. The result showed that out of the 1260 samples collected from 12 farms in Kano State, 600 were from cloacae, 600 from nostril and 60 were from poultry farm workers. Using conventional identification methods, 562 isolates showed presumptive characteristics of S. aureus. The use of STAPH Agglutination kit reduced the number of the isolates to 290 while further identification method using Microgen STAPH kit confirmed 33.8% (98) of the presumptive isolates to be S. aureus. 8.3% (5) of the confirmed S. aureus were from the nostrils of poultry farm works. The antibiotic susceptibility profile study showed that high percentage (71.4%) of the isolates was resistant to Oxytetracycline, Oxacillin and Ampicillin, 61.2% to Chloramphenicol, 55% to Erythromycin and 30.6% to Cefoxitin. Vancomycin showed high activity against 74.5% of the isolates, Augumentin 69.4%, Ciprofloxacin 64.3% and Gentamicin 60.2%. Three of the isolates were observed to be resistant to all the 12 antibiotics tested while only one isolate was susceptible to all the antibiotics tested. Statistical analysis showed that isolates from layers were more resistant than those from broiler and poultry farm workers at p ≤ 0.05 level of significance. We conclude that the isolates from this study have varied antibiotic susceptibility pattern and that Vancomycin, Augumentin, Ciprofloxacin and Gentamicin could still be proficient in the management of S. aureus infection from poultry farm in Kano State, but surveillance and publicity should be carried out to curtail the wide spread of antibiotic resistance induced through irrational antibiotic misuse.
Quinazoline derivatives as potential anticancer agents: a patent review (2007 – 2010)

Introduction : Due to the increase in knowledge about cancer pathways, there is a growing interest in finding novel potential drugs. Quinazoline is one of the most widespread scaffolds amongst bioactive compounds. A number of patents and papers appear in the literature regarding the discovery and development of novel promising quinazoline compounds for cancer chemotherapy. Although there is a progressive decrease in the number of patents filed, there is an increasing number of biochemical targets for quinazoline compounds. Areas covered : This paper provides a comprehensive review of the quinazolines patented in 2007 – 2010 as potential anticancer agents. Information from articles published in international peer-reviewed journals was also included, to give a more exhaustive overview. Expert opinion : From about 1995 to 2006, the anticancer quinazolines panorama has been dominated by the 4-anilinoquinazolines as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The extensive researches conducted in this period could have caused the progressive reduction in the ability to file novel patents as shown in the 2007 – 2010 period. However, the growing knowledge of cancer-related pathways has recently highlighted some novel potential targets for therapy, with quinazolines receiving increasing attention. This is well demonstrated by the number of different targets of the patents considered in this review. The structural heterogeneity in the patented compounds makes it difficult to derive general pharmacophores and make comparisons among claimed compounds. On the other hand, the identification of multi-target compounds seems a reliable goal. Thus, it is reasonable that quinazoline compounds will be studied and developed for multi-target therapies.
Important aspects concerning alendronate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: a literature review.

OBJECTIVE To conduct a literature review on sodium alendronate, focusing on osteonecrosis of the jaws, a serious potential side effect. BACKGROUND Sodium alendronate is a bisphosphonate that is widely used for the treatment of osteopenia, osteoporosis and Paget's disease. Like other bisphosphonates, it inhibits bone resorption by inactivating osteoclasts. Alendronate has evident benefits in the treatment of these diseases, but it is associated with jaw osteonecrosis, although less frequently compared with intravenous bisphosphonates. Therefore, some preventive measures should be taken to avoid this side effect. MATERIAL AND METHODS We reviewed the literature regarding the pharmacological aspects, mechanism of action, indications of use and side effects of sodium alendronate, as well as the management of patients under this therapy. CONCLUSION The benefits of sodium alendronate are scientifically proven, but a serious adverse effect is osteonecrosis. Therefore, it is crucial to prepare the oral cavity before bisphosphonate therapy, providing a careful dental evaluation and all needed dental treatment.
DETERMINATION OF DIFFERENCES IN ANATOMICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TENSION AND OPPOSITE WOOD OF 8-YEAR OLD EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS

Tension and opposite wood, divided in the corresponding heartwood and sapwood regions,from 8-year old Eucalyptus globulus trees were characterized for chemical composition and fibreanatomy in the transverse section in order to identify the main differences. Thicker and poorly lignifiedcell walls were found in tension wood. Cellulose content was similar for both woods, although tensionwood contained 30% higher xylose and 15% less lignin than opposite wood. Lignin of tension woodcontained 24% more syringyl units and a higher frequency of s-O-4 linkages. Principal componentanalysis (PCA) performed separately with anatomical and chemical data showed a clear separationbetween tension and opposite wood. The principal characteristics used for separation were: cell wallthickness, vessel diameter, lumen diameter, lignin and xylose content, and amount of syringyl units.Keywords: Tension wood, Eucalyptus globulus, carbohydrates, lignin, wood anatomy.
Remodeling of the chronic severely failing ischemic sheep heart after coronary microembolization: functional, energetic, structural, and cellular responses.

The mandatory use of pharmacotherapy in human heart failure (HF) impedes further study of natural history and remodeling mechanisms. We created a sheep model of chronic, severe, ischemic HF [left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (LVEF) <35% stable over 4 wk] by selective coronary microembolization under general anesthesia and followed hemodynamic, energetic, neurohumoral, structural, and cellular responses over 6 mo. Thirty-eight sheep were induced into HF (58% success), with 23 sheep followed for 6 mo (21 sheep with sufficient data for analysis) after the LVEF stabilized (median of 3 embolizations). Early doubling of LV end-diastolic pressure persisted, as did increases in LV end-diastolic volume, LV wall stress, and LV wall thinning. Contractile impairment (LV end-systolic elastance, LV preload recruitable stroke work, and dobutamine-responsive contractile reserve) and diastolic dysfunction also remained stable. Cardiac mechanical energy efficiency did not recover. Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide levels remained elevated, but rises in plasma aldosterone and renin activity were transient. Collagen content increased 170%, the type I-to-III phenotype ratio doubled in the LV, but right ventricular collagen remained unaltered. Fas ligand cytokine levels correlated with expression of both caspase-3 and -2, suggesting a link in the apoptotic "death cascade. " Caspase-3 activity also bore a close relationship to LV meridional wall stress calculated from echocardiographic and intraventricular pressure measurements. We concluded that the stability of chronic untreated severe ischemic HF depends on the recruitment of myocardial remodeling mechanisms that involve an interaction among hemodynamic load, contractile efficiency/energetics, neurohumoral activation, response of the extracellular matrix, wall stress, and the myocyte apoptotic pathway.
Regulating Biotech Trade: the Cartegena Protocol on Biosafety

The agreement on an international biosafety treaty in January 2000 marks an important achievement in reconciling trade and environmental interests. The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety strengthens the right of importing nations to reject shipments of genetically modified organisms on grounds of environmental safety or risks to human health. Crucially, it acknowledges the precautionary principle within its environmental risk assessment procedure. However, the political compromise that led to the adoption of the Protocol failed to resolve several contentious issues including labelling, liability, and the relationship between the biosafety regime and the international trade order. This article traces the history of biosafety negotiations, analyses the Cartagena Protocol and assesses the future biosafety agenda.
A New Gene Family (ariel) Encodes Asparagine-Rich Entamoeba histolytica Antigens, Which Resemble the Amebic Vaccine Candidate Serine-Rich E. histolytica Protein

ABSTRACT A family of genes, called ariel, are named for and encode asparagine-rich Entamoeba histolytica antigens containing 2 to 16 octapeptide repeats. Ariel proteins, which are constitutively expressed by trophozoites, belong to a large antigen family that includes the serine-rich E. histolyticaprotein (SREHP), an amebic vaccine candidate.
Developing clinical practice guidelines for epilepsy: A report from the ILAE Epilepsy Guidelines Working Group

Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) contain evidence‐based recommendations to guide clinical care, policy development, and quality of care improvement. A recent systematic review of epilepsy guidelines identified considerable variability in the quality of available guidelines. Although excellent frameworks for CPG development exist, processes are not followed uniformly internationally, and resources to develop CPGs may be limited in certain settings. An International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) working group was charged with proposing methodology to guide the development of future epilepsy‐specific CPGs. A comprehensive literature search (1985–2014) identified articles related to CPG development and handbooks. Guideline handbooks were included if they were publicly available, and if their methodology had been used to develop CPGs. The working group's expertise also informed the creation of methodologies and processes to develop future CPGs for the ILAE. Five handbooks from North America (American Academy of Neurology), Europe (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network & National Institute for Health and Care Excellence), Australia (National Health and Medical Research Council), World Health Organization (WHO), and additional references were identified to produce evidence‐based, consensus‐driven methodology for development of epilepsy‐specific CPGs. Key components of CPG development include the following: identifying the topic and defining the scope; establishing a working group; identifying and evaluating the evidence; formulating recommendations and determining strength of recommendations; obtaining peer reviews; dissemination, implementation, and auditing; and updating and retiring the CPG. A practical handbook and toolkit was developed. The resulting CPG development toolkit should facilitate the development of high‐quality ILAE CPGs to improve the care of persons with epilepsy.
A Reverse Genetics Study of Resistance to Neuraminidase Inhibitors in An Influenza A/H1N1 Virus

A system of reverse genetics was used to generate influenza A/H1N1 viruses harbouring neuraminidase (NA) mutations previously associated with resistance to NA inhibitors in various viral subtypes. The His274Tyr and Glu119Gln mutants were rescued whereas the Arg292Lys and Glu119→Gly, Val, Ala or Asp mutants could not be generated. In NA inhibition assays, the His274Tyr mutant was resistant to oseltamivir (430-fold over wild-type) and BCX-1812 (50-fold) but was sensitive to zanamivir. A similar trend was seen when the mutant was evaluated by plaque reduction assay (PRA). The Glu119Gln mutant expressed a low level of resistance to oseltamivir (ninefold) and zanamivir (fourfold) in NA inhibition assay but was only marginally resistant to oseltamivir (fourfold) in PRA. The replication capacity of both mutants, in particular that of the His274Tyr virus, was impaired when compared with the wild-type virus in vitro.
Effect of (+/-)-2-(dimethylamino)-1-[[o-(m-methoxyphenethyl)phenoxy] methyl]ethyl hydrogen succinate on experimental models of peripheral obstructive disease.

Peripheral obstructive disease in tail or hind limb was experimentally induced by intravenous injection of kappa-carrageenin or intra-arterial injection of sodium laurate in rats, and the suppressive effect of (+/-)-2-(dimethylamino)-1-[[o-(m-methoxyphenethyl)phenoxy] methyl]ethyl hydrogen succinate (MCI-9042, CAS 125926-17-2) on the peripheral obstructive diseases was examined. The injection of kappa-carrageenin induced a thrombotic infarction of the tail vessel in rats. The administration of MCI-9042 dose-dependently suppressed the peripheral infarction with an ED50 value of 16 mg/kg p.o. Ticlopidine, a reference antiplatelet drug, did not affect the peripheral infarction even at 50 mg/kg p.o. Cyproheptadine, however, an S2-serotonergic antagonist, potently suppressed the peripheral infarction with an ED50 of 3.5 mg/kg p.o. After the injection of sodium laurate into the femoral artery in rats peripheral lesions of the paw were generated and extended. MCI-9042 significantly prevented the progression of the disease at doses of 10 mg/kg p.o. and above. When the daily administration of MCI-9042 was started from 1 day after the laurate injection, it was also effective as well as by pretreatment. Ticlopidine was significantly effective only at 100 mg/kg p.o. as pretreatment. From the present study, it is considered that platelet-derived serotonin plays an important role in the development of peripheral obstructive disease and MCI-9042 suppressed the disease through its S2-serotonergic antagonism.
From recursions to asymptotics: on Szekeres' formula for the number of partitions

We give a new proof of Szekeres’ formula for P(n,k), the number of partitions of the integer n having k or fewer positive parts. Our proof is based on the recursion satisfied by P(n,k) and Taylor’s formula. We make no use of the Cauchy integral formula or any complex variables. The derivation is presented as a step-by-step procedure, to facilitate its application in other situations. As corollaries we obtain the main term of the Hardy-Ramanujan formulas for p(n) = the number of unrestricted partitions of n, and for q(n) = the number of partitions of n into distinct parts.