Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Organized Categories of Infant, Child, and Adult Attachment: Flexible Vs. Inflexible Attention Under Attachment-Related Stress

From an evolutionary perspective, a central mechanism promoting infant survival is the maintenance of proximity to attachment figures. Consequently attachment figure(s) represent the infant's primary solution to experiences of fear. Aspects of the development of the field of attachment are outlined within this context, beginning with Bowlby's ethological/evolutionary theory, and proceeding to Ainsworth's early descriptions of infant-mother interaction in Uganda and Baltimore. Using a laboratory procedure called the strange situation, Ainsworth identified three organized patterns of infant response to separation from and reunion with the parent. Narratives derived from videotaped strange situation behavior of infants in each category (secure, avoidant, and resistant/ambivalent) are provided, together with a discussion of the prototypical sequelae of each category (e.g., school behavior, and separation-related narratives and drawings at age six). The Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) and the move to the level of representation are also described. AAI transcripts are presently analyzed according to the speaker's capacity to adhere to Grice's maxims of rational cooperative discourse, and three organizedAAI categories, or states of mind with respect to attachment, have been identified (secure-autonomous, dismissing, and preoccupied). When the interview is administered to parents who have been seen with their infants in the strange situation, each AAI category has repeatedly been found to predict that infant's strange situation response to that parent. Illustrations of the discourse characteristic of each category are provided, and it is noted that individuals with apparently unfavorable life histories are found to have secure offspring, providing that their history is recounted coherently. Like infant strange situation behavior, differences in adult security as identified through discourse patterning are interpreted in terms of attentional flexibility or inflexibility under attachment-related stress.
Demonstration Abstract: A Low-cost Sensor Platform for Large-scale Wideband Spectrum Monitoring

armasuisse ABSTRACT Today's radio frequency (RF) spectrum measurements are mainly performed by governmental agencies which drive around using bulky and expensive specialized hardware. This approach does not scale well, providing us with only a poor situational awareness of the ac- tual RF spectrum usage around us. We have developed a wideband spectrum monitoring sensor for remote operation that builds upon portable and low-cost commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware components with a total cost per sensor device below $100. This results in a stunning cost reduction factor of 50 to 500 comparing to professional equipment. Our sensor platform adopts the software- defined radio paradigm and performs all signal processing steps on the CPU and GPU of a low-cost single-board computer. We address the challenges of large frequency errors and long scanning times due to the hardware constraints by proposing new correction and optimization methods, providing a satisfactory level of accuracy in indoor and outdoor environments. Our remote sensing platform is envisioned to be used at larger scale for various applications such as dynamic spectrum access in cognitive radios, detecting regions with elevated electro-smog, or for policy enforcement in the elec- tromagnetic space.
Current waveforms associated with positive flashes recorded on the säntis tower in summer 2010

We present in this paper measured current waveforms associated with positive flashes recorded on the Säntis tower, Switzerland, in Summer 2010. About 20% of the recorded flashes were of positive polarity (transported positive charge to ground), all of them being recorded in July and August. This percentage is considerably larger than the values observed in other studies in summer months (3% to 6.5%). The observed current waveforms can be classified into two types. The first type is characterized by three stages: (1) an initial, slowly rising portion lasting a few milliseconds, (2) the main pulse, and (3) a long continuing current that may contain several pulses of both polarities characteristic of M components. The second type of observed positive flashes is characterized by (i) the absence of any initial slowly rising portion, (ii) lower peak currents, and (iii) presence of successive pulses which may be due to an upward stepped leader. The time-derivatives of the current pulses associated with upward stepped leaders are found to be much larger than those of the main pulse. All the observed flashes contained a single main pulse, except for one flash of the second type, which featured two pulses. Our recorded data constitute the first directly-measured evidence of M-components of both polarities during a continuing current lowering positive charge to ground.
High Basal γH2AX Levels Sustain Self‐Renewal of Mouse Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Phosphorylation of histone H2AX (γH2AX) is known to be the earliest indicator of DNA double‐strand breaks. Recently, it has been shown that mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) have very high basal levels of γH2AX, even when they have not been exposed to genotoxic agents. As the specialized role of high basal γH2AX levels in pluripotent stem cells is still debated, we investigated whether H2AX phosphorylation is important in maintaining self‐renewal of these cells. Here, we report that not only mESCs but also mouse‐induced pluripotent stem cells (miPSCs), have high basal levels of γH2AX. We show that basal γH2AX levels decrease upon ESC and iPSC differentiation and increase when the cells are treated with self‐renewal‐enhancing small molecules. We observe that self‐renewal activity is highly compromised in H2AX−/− cells and that it can be restored in these cells through reconstitution with a wild‐type, but not a phospho‐mutated, H2AX construct. Taken together, our findings suggest a novel function of H2AX that expands the knowledge of this histone variant beyond its role in DNA damage and into a new specialized biological function in mouse pluripotent stem cells. STEM CELLS2012;30:1414–1423
Optimal Dynamic Advertising Policy for New Products

Advertising is one of the key marketing tools managers have at their disposal to influence their customers into purchasing a new product. The overall objective of new product advertising is to inform and persuade customers. Drawing up an advertising plan for a new product that is under the influence of diffusion phenomenon is not an easy task. Hence, research in this area is very limited. In our research, we use an empirically proven diffusion demand function that explicitly incorporates the advertising component. Our results suggest that optimal advertising is determined by the advertising effectiveness, discount rate, and the ratio of advertisement to profits. Depending upon the interplay among these factors, the optimal advertising takes decrease-increase, increase-decrease, monotonically increasing or monotonically decreasing shape.
CALL FOR PAPERS Renal Hemodynamics: Integrating with the Nephron and Beyond Renalase regulates peripheral and central dopaminergic activities

Janete Quelhas-Santos, Maria Paula Serrao, Isabel Soares-Silva, Catia Fernandes-Cerqueira, Liliana Simoes-Silva, Maria Joao Pinho, Fernando Remiao, Benedita Sampaio-Maia, Gary V. Desir, and Manuel Pestana Nephrology Research and Development Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Nephrology and Infectious Diseases Research and Development Group, Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomedica-(I3S); Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Porto, Portugal; Centro de Quimica da Universidade do Porto/Servico de Toxicologia, Faculdade de Farmacia, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcree System, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Department of Renal, Urological, and Infectious Diseases, Porto, Portugal; and Department of Nephrology, Sao Joao Hospital Center, Entidade Publica Empresarial, Porto, Portugal
Is there a relationship between problematic Internet use and responses of social anxiety , obsessive-compulsive and psychological well-being among adolescents ?

Título: ¿Existe relación entre uso problemático de Internet y las respuestas de ansiedad social, obsesivo-compulsivas y el bienestar psicológico en adolescentes? Resumen: El uso excesivo de Internet en adolescentes y jóvenes se considera relacionado con problemas intrapersonales e interpersonales. El objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar la relación entre el uso problemático de Internet, bienestar psicológico y respuestas de ansiedad social y obsesivo-compulsivas. La muestra estuvo formada por 132 varones y 178 mujeres de edades comprendidas entre 16 y 23 años que cursaban Bachillerato y estudios universitarios. Los resultados indicaron que la edad influyó en la mayor parte de factores del Uso compulsivo de Internet. El sexo afectó a los niveles del uso problemático de Internet siendo los chicos los que mayores puntuaciones alcanzaron en uso compulsivo y consecuencias negativas. Se confirmó una correlación significativa y directa entre uso problemático de Internet y respuestas de ansiedad social y obsesivocompulsivas. Los predictores más importante del uso problemático de Internet fueron el dominio del entorno, la ansiedad social y los síntomas obsesivo-compulsivos. Se podría concluir, aunque con cautela, que mientras que los jóvenes con ansiedad social podrían buscar el uso de internet como un medio de interacción placentero, los jóvenes con síntomas obsesivocompulsivos podrían llegar a un uso excesivo como medio de eliminar la ansiedad compulsiva. Palabras clave: Internet; ansiedad social; obsesión-compulsión; bienestar psicológico; adolescentes. Abstract: Excessive Internet use in adolescents and young people is related to intrapersonal and interpersonal difficulties. The aim of this research was to study the relationship between problematic Internet use, psychological well-being, and responses of social anxiety and obsessive-compulsive. Participants were 132 male and 178 female high school and college students aged between 16 and 23 years. The results indicate that age influences most of the factors of compulsive Internet use. Gender affects the levels of problematic Internet use, with males scoring higher in Compulsive Internet Use and Negative Outcomes. A significant and direct correlation was found between problematic Internet use and responses of social anxiety and obsessive-compulsive. The main predictors of problematic Internet use were: Environmental mastery, Social anxiety and Obsessive-compulsive symptoms. It can be concluded, tentatively, that while young people with social anxiety could find the Internet use a means of pleasant interaction, young people with obsessive-compulsive symptoms could become excessive Internet users as a means to eliminate compulsive anxiety.
The VO 2 max plateau is not associated with the anaerobic capacity in physically active subjects

Traditionally, maximum oxygen consumption (VO 2 max) has been used to represent the maximum aerobic capacity. Presently, VO 2 max is used as an indicator of cardiorespiratory  tness, running performance predictor, to evaluate training related adaptations in healthy individuals and in patients with coronary arterial disease, detraining, mortality predictor and to evaluate sleeping disorder. Thereby, VO 2 max identification is important to evaluate the  tness levels in athletes as well as in high-risk groups. VO 2 max is measured via incremental tests (TI), usually performed to voluntary exhaustion. Although several variables have been considered in order to establish maximum e ort, the main characterization of VO 2 max is through stabilization in oxygen consumption (VO 2 ) during the final stages of TI. This VO 2 characterization during the  nal stages of TI has been termed VO 2 plateau.  eoretically, plateau refers to a stabilization or small increases (≤ 2.1 ml.kg.min) of VO 2 , even if loads are incremented in the  nal stages of TI. However, some tests are interrupted before reaching VO 2 max. In this case, the value obtained is termed as peak oxygen consumption (VO 2 peak). It has been suggested that plateau incidence may be related to athlete’s training state, in which athletes with higher physical condition could tolerate higher levels of pain and fatigue and higher motivation to support higher loads in the final test, and that the higher intensities could be related to increases in energy supply by the anaerobic metabolism. Provided the relevance to establish VO 2 max parameters, previous studies used one additional test to con rm if VO 2 value, obtained in a traditional TI protocol, could be considered as maximum.  e con rmation test is performed until fatigue with constant loads and intensities near to the VO 2 max. For instance, Snell et al. performed the con rmation test with two intensities (95% and 105% of the maximum power in TI) and, in both conditions, it were not observed signi cant di erences between VO 2 in the veri cation test and the VO 2 max achieved in TI, even in the absence Abstract
An experiment in constraining vision-based finger contact selection with gripper geometry

Research in grasping and manipulation has mainly focused on the theoretical framework of the grasp analysis and synthesis, however there are few works in the practical implementation of these approaches. We propose several methods and criteria for constraining visually-selected planar grasps to the particular kinematics of a three finger gripper, the Barrett Hand. The method relies on the features of an object provided by a vision system, and uses several criteria for classifying the possible grasps according to the configurations of the gripper that fit them. It has been implemented on the UMass Torso and the results are discussed.
Melanoma and Immunosuppression

In a recent article, Richtig et al. [1] suggested that immunosuppression may be a risk factor for melanoma development and, in order to support this view, cited a study demonstrating an increased frequency of melanoma in organ transplant recipients receiving long-term immunosuppression [2] . There are also several laboratory findings indicating that immune surveillance has a fundamental role in melanoma genesis and this has led to the development of different immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of metastatic melanoma [3] . Therefore, if the immune system has a central role in the defense mechanisms against melanoma, then there should be a markedly higher incidence of melanoma among organ transplant recipients. However, published studies including at least 1,000 organ transplant recipients have demonstrated that there is only a slight increase in melanoma incidence (1.6–2.5 times more common if compared with the general population) [4] and some authors found no real increase of melanoma among these patients. To this regard, a large study including over 5,000 solid organ transplant recipients showed that there was no increase in incidence if compared with the general population [5] . In contrast to the controversial findings in melanoma, several studies have demonstrated that the risk of skin carcinomas, in particular squamous cell carcinoma, is consistently and greatly increased in organ transplant patients who receive long-term immunosuppression [6, 7] . Furthermore, there is eviPublished online: October 2, 2008
Effects of carbon dioxide and pH on adhesion of Candida albicans to vaginal epithelial cells

A controlled-environment membrane model for use in vitro was developed and employed in an attempt to mimic the environment of the vagina in order to study yeast-vaginal cell adhesion. Adhesion in vitro of four strains of Candida albicans (NIH 3181A, NIH 526B, ATCC 18804, and MCO 2400) to vaginal epithelial cells (VEC) appeared to be affected by the pH and the level of carbon dioxide that have been found to be present in the vagina in vivo. Strain 3181A had a greater adhesion ability than 526B when the concentration of yeast cells was increased and when the yeast cells were incubated with VEC at pH 5 in sodium phosphate buffer in ambient air supplemented with 10% CO2. Of the four strains of C. albicans used, 3181A had the greatest adhesion ability, with strains 2400, 18804, and 526B ranked in order of decreasing adhesion ability. Also, an enhanced, electron-dense, matted outer region of the cell walls of the yeasts was observed frequently when they were incubated in ambient air supplemented with 10% CO2. In addition, of the vaginal cells that had yeast cells attached to them, an average of 94.4% of the total yeast cells were attached to the microridge side of the VEC, whereas an average of only 5.6% of the total were found on the nonmicroridge side of the VEC. The results from this study indicate that adhesion of C. albicans to the VEC surface was affected by the strain of yeast used, by the side of the vaginal cell exposed, and by the pH and CO2 levels present in the adhesion assay.
Measurement of Adherence in Pharmacy Administrative Databases: A Proposal for Standard Definitions and Preferred Measures

Background: A variety of measures have been developed to calculate refill adherence from administrative data such as pharmacy claims databases. These measures have focused on improving the accuracy of adherence measures or clarifying the evaluation time frame. As a result, there are many measures used to assess adherence that may or may not be comparable or accurate. Objective: To compare available refill adherence measures. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted to identify current or recently used measures of calculating adherence from administrative data. A MEDLINE search (January 1990–March 2006) was undertaken using the search terms adherence or compliance in the title combined with administrative, pharmacy, or records in any field, including subheadings medical, nursing, and hospital records. Non-English articles were excluded. Seven hundred fifteen articles were available for review. Review articles and letters were excluded from measure selection, but were included in the search terms and used to identify additional research articles. Adherence measures were excluded if they were incompletely described, produced non-numeric values, or were duplicates. Eleven refill adherence measures were identified and compared using data from the LOSE Weight (Long-term Outcomes of Sibutramine Effectiveness on Weight) study. Measures compared include Continuous Measure of Medication Acquisition (CMA); Continuous Multiple Interval Measure of Oversupply (CMOS); Medication Possession Ratio (MPR); Medication Refill Adherence (MRA); Continuous Measure of Medication Gaps (CMG); Continuous, Single Interval Measure of Medication Aquisition (CSA); Proportion of Days Covered (PDC); Refill Compliance Rate (RCR); Medication Possession Ratio, modified (MPRm); Dates Between Fills Adherence Rate (DBR); and Compliance Rate (CR). Results: The results suggest that the CMA, CMOS, MPR, and MRA are identical in terms of measuring adherence to prescription refills throughout the study period, each with a value of 63.5%; CMG and PDC are slightly lower (63.0%) and are equivalent to MRA when oversupply is truncated. CR, MPRm, RCR, and CSA result in higher adherence values of 84.4%, 86.6%, 104.8%, and 109.7%, respectively. Conclusions: Five measures produce equivalent results for measuring prescription refill adherence over the evaluation period. Of these, MRA has the fewest calculations, is easily truncated if one desires to exclude surplus medication issues, and requires the least amount of data. MRA is therefore recommended as the preferred measure of adherence using administrative data.
Amplification of D22S283 as a favorable prognostic indicator in liver fluke related cholangiocarcinoma.

AIM To analyze the DNA copy number of target genes NF2, TIMP3, ST13, TOB2, BIK, and TP and the reference microsatellite markers D22S283, D22S423, and D22S274 mapped on 22q12-qter in liver fluke related cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and define its correlation with clinical parameters. METHODS Quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) was used for determining allelic imbalances in 65 liver fluke related CCA tissues. Statistical correlations between allelic imbalances and clinicopathological parameters, i.e. age, sex, tumor stage, histological type, blood vessel invasion, nerve invasion and lymphatic invasion were evaluated by means of the chi2 test. Cox regression analysis was used for determining patient's survival. RESULTS Amplifications of the TP (22q13.33), TOB2 (22q13.2-13.31), D22S283 (22q12.3), TIMP3 (22q12.3) and NF2 (22q12.2) were found in 35 (53.8%), 28 (43.1%), 27 (41.5%), 24 (36.9%), and 24 (36.9%), respectively. Losses at the D22S423 (22q13.1-13.2) and BIK (22q13.31) were detected in 26 (40%) and 23 (35.4%), respectively. Significant correlations were observed between lymphatic invasion and allelic losses of BIK (P = 0.025) and D22S283 (P = 0.041). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed D22S283 amplification as an independent predictor of good prognosis (P = 0.006, death hazard ratio = 0.411, 95% CI = 0.217-0.779) and blood vessel invasion as an independent poor prognostic factor (P = 0.042, death hazard ratio = 1.911, 95% CI = 1.022-3.571) in CCA patients. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence for the involvement of gene amplification and deletion on chromosome 22q in liver fluke related CCA. This is the first report of D22S283 amplification as an independent indicator of favorable prognosis in liver fluke related CCA.
Effect of inhibition of NO synthase on vascular reactivity in a rat model of hyperdynamic sepsis.

To evaluate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the attenuated vascular reactivity observed in sepsis, we utilized the specific NO synthase inhibitor N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 16) were randomized to either sepsis induced by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP; n = 8) or sham procedure (Sham; n = 8). Vascular reactivity was assessed by measuring the pulmonary pressor response to hypoxia (HPV) (fractional inspired O2 concentration = 0.08) and the pulmonary and systemic pressor response to an intravenous infusion of phenylephrine (1.5-6.0 micrograms.kg-1.min-1). Twenty-four hours after surgery, CLP animals had significantly attenuated HPV compared with Sham animals. In response to hypoxia the change in total pulmonary vascular resistance during hypoxia was 0.008 +/- 0.004 and 0.021 +/- 0.006 mmHg.min-ml-1 in CLP and Sham animals, respectively (P < 0.05). The pulmonary and systemic blood pressure response to phenylephrine was also attenuated in CLP compared with Sham animals. After L-NAME infusion (15 mg/kg), there was a significant augmentation of the HPV response in Sham animals. In contrast, the HPV response in CLP animals was unchanged after L-NAME. The attenuated pressor response to phenylephrine in neither the pulmonary nor the systemic circulation was changed after the administration of L-NAME. These data suggest that in rats, excess NO is not an important mediator of the attenuated vascular reactivity observed in sepsis.