Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Membrane Protein Enriched in Endoplasmic Reticulum Exit Sites Interacts with COPII*

Although all mammalian COPII components have now been cloned, little is known of their interactions with other regulatory proteins involved in exit from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We report here that a mammalian protein (Yip1A) that is about 31% identical to S. cerevisiae and which interacts with and modulates COPII-mediated ER-Golgi transport. Yip1A transcripts are ubiquitously expressed. Transcripts of a related mammalian homologue, Yip1B, are found specifically in the heart. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that Yip1A is localized to vesicular structures that are concentrated at the perinuclear region. The structures marked by Yip1A co-localized with Sec31A and Sec13, components of the COPII coat protein complex. Immunoelectron microscopy also showed that Yip1A co-localizes with Sec13 at ER exit sites. Overexpression of the hydrophilic N terminus of Yip1A arrests ER-Golgi transport of the vesicular stomatitis G protein and causes fragmentation and dispersion of the Golgi apparatus. A glutathioneS-transferase fusion protein with the hydrophilic N terminus of Yip1A (GST-Yip1A) is able to bind to and deplete vital components from rat liver cytosol that is essential for in vitro vesicular stomatitis G transport. Peptide sequence analysis of cytosolic proteins that are specifically bound to GST-Yip1A revealed, among other proteins, mammalian COPII components Sec23 and Sec24. A highly conserved domain at the N terminus of Yip1A is required for Sec23/Sec24 interaction. Our results suggest that Yip1A is involved in the regulation of ER-Golgi traffic at the level of ER exit sites.
Trypsinogen expression in human ovarian carcinomas

Increased secretion of matrix metalloproteinases and serine proteinases is well known to be associated with cancer invasion and metastasis. We aimed to elucidate the implication of trypsin, a serine proteinase and a representative digestive enzyme in invasion and metastasis of human carcinomas. Northern blot, RT‐PCR and Western blot analyses and immunohisto‐chemical studies were performed to detect and analyze trypsinogen expression in 5 ovarian carcinoma cell lines and 10 human ovarian carcinoma tissues using a DNA probe for trypsinogen I, and monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to human trypsin I. Among the 5 ovarian carcinoma cell lines, only the MCAS (mucinous cystadenocarcinoma) cell line showed a high level of trypsinogen production and mRNA expression by Western and Northern blot analyses, respectively. However, Southern blot analysis of RT‐PCR products could detect considerable levels of trypsinogen mRNA in all ovarian cancer cell lines. In Northern analysis of ovarian cancer tissues, all advanced cancer samples showed trypsinogen gene expression. Serous cystadenocarcinomas exhibited particularly high levels of gene expression. Immunohistochemical staining also detected trypsin in ovarian carcinoma tissues. In contrast, normal ovaries and tumors with low malignant potential did not show trypsinogen expression. Our results demonstrate the extra‐pancreatic production and distribution of trypsinogen in human ovarian carcinomas.
Robust localisation of pedestrians with cast shadows using homology in a monocular view

In this paper an object detection algorithm is proposed, which is robust in the presence of cast shadows and is based on geometric projections. The novelty of the work lies in the use of homology mapping of the foreground regions between different parallel planes within a monocular view, unlike some existing algorithms which depend on the use of multiple cameras. The results on an open video dataset are provided.
Lipopolysaccharide Rapidly Traffics to and from the Golgi Apparatus with the Toll-like Receptor 4-MD-2-CD14 Complex in a Process That Is Distinct from the Initiation of Signal Transduction* 210

Mammalian responses to LPS require the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), CD14, and MD-2. We expressed fluorescent TLR4 in cell lines and found that TLR4 densely localized to the surface and the Golgi. Similar distributions were observed in human monocytes. Confocal imaging revealed rapid recycling of TLR4-CD14-MD-2 complexes between the Golgi and the plasma membrane. Fluorescent LPS followed these trafficking pathways in CD14-positive cells. The TLR4- adapter protein, MyD88, translocated to the cell surface upon LPS exposure, and cross-linking of surface TLR4 with antibody induced signaling. Golgi-associated TLR4 expression was disrupted by brefeldin A, yet LPS signaling was preserved. We conclude that LPS signaling may be initiated by surface aggregation of TLR4 and is not dependent upon LPS trafficking to the Golgi.
Chronic LPS exposure produces changes in intrinsic membrane properties and a sustained IL‐β‐dependent increase in GABAergic inhibition in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons

Chronic inflammation has been reported to be a significant factor in the induction and progression of a number of chronic neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome. It is believed that inflammation may promote synaptic dysfunction, an effect that is mediated in part by pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β). However, the role of IL‐1β and other cytokines in synaptic transmission is still poorly understood. In this study, we have investigated how synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability in hippocampal pyramidal neurons are affected by chronic inflammation induced by exposing organotypic slices to the bacterial cell‐wall product lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We report that CA1 pyramidal neurons recorded in whole cell from slices previously exposed to LPS for 7 days had resting membrane potential and action potential properties similar to those of the controls. However, they had significantly lower membrane resistance and a more elevated action potential threshold, and displayed a slower frequency of action potential discharge. Moreover, the amplitude of pharmacologically isolated postsynaptic γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic potentials, but not excitatory glutamatergic postsynaptic potentials, was significantly larger following chronic LPS exposure. Interestingly, co‐incubation of the IL‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1Ra) concurrently with LPS prevented the increase in GABAergic transmission, but not the reduction in intrinsic neuronal excitability. Finally, we confirmed that LPS dramatically increased IL‐1β, and IL‐1β‐dependent IL‐6 levels in the culture medium for 2 days before returning to baseline. We conclude that CA1 pyramidal neurons in slices chronically exposed to LPS show a persistent decrease in excitability due to a combined decrease in intrinsic membrane excitability and an enhancement in synaptic GABAergic input, the latter being dependent on IL‐1β. Therefore, chronic inflammation in hippocampus produces IL‐1β‐dependent and ‐independent effects in neuronal and synaptic function that could contribute significantly to cognitive disturbances. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Examining the impact of human resources management: A performance based analytic model

Examining the Impact of Human Resources Management: A Performance Based Analytic Model by Yoon Seonghee Cho Dr. Robert Woods, Examination Committee Chair Professor of Hotel Management University o f Nevada, Las Vegas This dissertation investigated the direct effects o f human resource management (HRM) practices on organizational performance in the hotel industry. The main goal o f this study was to develop the conceptual model to measure the direct effects o f the six domains o f HRM practices on the three measures o f organizational performance. To accomplish the main goal o f this study, three sub-objectives were investigated. The first sub-objective was to develop a valid and reliable HRM measurement model. The second sub-objective was to investigate the direct effects of the HRM constructs on the three measures o f organizational performance. The third sub-objective of this study was to investigate the interrelationships among the three measures o f organizational performance which were influenced by the HRM practices. This study addressed three measurement challenges that human resource researchers have suggested: data collected for business unit level companies; data collected separately for managerial and non-managerial employee groups; and, testing interrelationships among three organizational performance measures.
An Extended Conformation of Calmodulin Induces Interactions between the Structural Domains of Adenylyl Cyclase from Bacillus anthracis to Promote Catalysis*

The edema factor exotoxin produced byBacillus anthracis is an adenylyl cyclase that is activated by calmodulin (CaM) at resting state calcium concentrations in infected cells. A C-terminal 60-kDa fragment corresponding to the catalytic domain of edema factor (EF3) was cloned, overexpressed inEscherichia coli, and purified. The N-terminal 43-kDa domain (EF3-N) of EF3, the sole domain of edema factor homologous to adenylyl cyclases from Bordetella pertussis andPseudomonas aeruginosa, is highly resistant to protease digestion. The C-terminal 160-amino acid domain (EF3-C) of EF3 is sensitive to proteolysis in the absence of CaM. The addition of CaM protects EF3-C from being digested by proteases. EF3-N and EF3-C were expressed separately, and both fragments were required to reconstitute full CaM-sensitive enzyme activity. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer experiments using a double-labeled CaM molecule were performed and indicated that CaM adopts an extended conformation upon binding to EF3. This contrasts sharply with the compact conformation adopted by CaM upon binding myosin light chain kinase and CaM-dependent protein kinase type II. Mutations in each of the four calcium binding sites of CaM were examined for their effect on EF3 activation. Sites 3 and 4 were found critical for the activation, and neither the N- nor the C-terminal domain of CaM alone was capable of activating EF3. A genetic screen probing loss-of-function mutations of EF3 and site-directed mutations based on the homology of the edema factor family revealed a conserved pair of aspartate residues and an arginine that are important for catalysis. Similar residues are essential for di-metal-mediated catalysis in mammalian adenylyl cyclases and a family of DNA polymerases and nucleotidyltransferases. This suggests that edema factor may utilize a similar catalytic mechanism.
The acute pivot shift: Clinical correlation

The pivot shift test and its various modifications has been well described for evaluation of chronic antero lateral rotatory insufficiency of the knee. Fifty knees with acute traumatic hemarthrosis were examined un der general anesthesia to assess the reliability of the pivot shift in the acute injury. The pivot shift test as described by Galway and Maclntosh was employed. No patients with a history of previous knee injuries were included. Arthrotomy or arthroscopy was per formed following the examination in all cases. There were 38 knees with positive shifts, 35 with complete anterior cruciate tears, and 3 with significant partial tears or attenuation of the ligament. The 12 knees with negative shift demonstrated five normal anterior cru ciates, five partial tears and two complete tears of the anterior cruciate. Both of the complete tears were associated with complete medial collateral ligament tears and were clinically apparent by drawer and Lach man tests. A positive pivot shift in this study was very accurate for significant anterior cruciate tears. A nega tive pivot shift ruled out complete anterior cruciate ligament tears but did not preclude the presence of a partial tear. Partial tears associated with a negative pivot shift retained ligament competence. We conclude that: (1) the pivot shift is a direct test of cruciate competence; (2) the pivot shift is present acutely in a very high percentage of cases and does not necessarily develop over time; (3) the pivot shift exam performed under general anesthesia is a very reliable test for significant tears of the anterior cruciate; and (4) the arthroscope remains a useful tool in the evaluation of acute traumatic hemarthrosis, but is not always necessary in establishing competence of the anterior cruciate ligament.
Effects of X irradiation on the mitotic activity of the subependymal plate of rats.

Abstract The brains of groups of young adult rats were irradiated with exposures of 200, 800, 2,000 and 4,000 R. At various times after irradiation animals were killed and the mitotic activity in the subependymal plate cells about the lateral ventricles was determined. The mitotic activity of this layer slowly returned to normal with exposures of 2,000 R and less, but not following an exposure of 4,000 R. The relevance of this to the phenomenon of delayed cerebral white matter necrosis is discussed in terms of the impairment of cell renewal systems by irradiation.
Toxicity of some insecticides used in maize crop on Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera, Trichogrammatidae) immature stages

Fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an important pest of maize (Zea mays L.) crops in Brazil. The effects of beta-cypermethrin, chlorfenapyr, chlorpyrifos, spinosad, etofenprox, triflumuron, alpha-cypermethrin/teflubenzuron, and lambda-cyhalothrin/thiamethoxam on Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) immature stages were evaluated. Eggs of Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller, 1879) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), containing immature stages of the parasitoid were dipped in water solution pesticides, to evaluate their effects on emergence and sex ratio of F1 parasitoids. For F2 parasitoids, emergence, parasitism capacity, and sex ratio were evaluated. Beta-cypermethrin, chlorfenapyr, chlorpyrifos, and spinosad affected the emergence success of F1 T. pretiosum. Insects exposed to etofenprox and alpha-cypermethrin/teflubenzuron during the egg-larval period and to lambda-cyhalothrin/thiamethoxam during the pupal stage also suffered reduction in the emergence. Beta-cypermethrin affected the sex ratio of F1 T. pretiosum from host eggs treated during the egg-larval period; spinosad affected it during the egg-larval period and the pupal stage, whereas chlorpyrifos did the same when applied during the pupal stage. Chlorpyrifos also affected the sex ratio of F2 parasitoids, but only when applied during the egg-larval period, whereas chlorfenapyr reduced this trait when applied during the pre-pupal phase. Chlorpyrifos and alpha-cypermethrin/teflubenzuron affected the parasitism capacity of F1 females from eggs treated during the egg-larval period. Considering the overall effects, only etofenprox and triflumuron were selective on T. pretiosum when applied on parasitized A. kuehniella eggs. Further studies need to be carried out to verify the toxicity of the other pesticides under semi-field and field conditions.
Innovation orientation, innovativeness and innovation success

Innovativeness and Innovation Success The Impact of Conceptualizing the Dependent Variable in Innovation Success Factor Studies How a Corporate Mindset drives Product Innovativeness Innovation Strategy Explored: Innovation Orientation's Strategy Preconditions and Market Performance Outcomes Facilitating information flow across organizational interfaces for successful innovation projects - the impact of product innovativeness Organisational Culture and Fuzzy Front End Performance in New Product Development
Optimisation of the hydrolysis of goat milk protein for the production of ACE-inhibitory peptides

Goat milk protein was hydrolysed with subtilisin and trypsin. As input variables, temperature was assayed in the interval 45–70 °C for subtilisin and 30–55 °C for trypsin, while the enzyme-substrate ratio varied from 1 to 5%. The effect of the input variables on the degree of hydrolysis and ACE-inhibitory activity (output variables) was modelled by second order polynomials, which were able to fit the experimental data with deviations below 10%. The individual maximum values of the degree of hydrolysis and the ACE-inhibitory activity were found at conflicting conditions of temperature and enzyme-substrate ratio. Since such maximum values could not be reached simultaneously, a bi-objective optimisation procedure was undertaken, producing a set of non-inferior solutions that weighted both objectives.
Cardiovascular disease.

Health Issue: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in Canadian women and men. In general, women present with a wider range of symptoms, are more likely to delay seeking medial care and are less likely to be investigated and treated with evidence-based medications, angioplasty or coronary artery bypass graft than men. Key Findings: In 1998, 78,964 Canadians died from CVD, almost half (39,197) were women. Acute myocardial infarction, which increases significantly after menopause, was the leading cause of death among women. Cardiovascular disease accounted for 21% of all hospital admissions for Canadian women over age 50 in 1999. Admissions to hospital for ischemic heart disease were more frequent for men, but the mean length of hospital stay was longer for women. Mean blood pressure increases with age in both men and women. After age 65, however, high blood pressure is more common among Canadian women. More than one-third of postmenopausal Canadian women have hypertension. Diabetes increases the mortality and morbidity associated with CVD in women more than it does in men. Depression also contributes to the incidence and recovery from CVD, particularly for women who experience twice the rate of depression as men. Data Gaps and Recommendations: CVD needs to be recognized as a woman's health issue given Canadian mortality projections (particularly heart failure). Health professionals should be trained to screen, track, and address CVD risk factors among women, including hypertension, elevated lipid levels, smoking, physical inactivity, depression, diabetes and low socio-economic status. Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death in Canadian women and men[1]. In general, the onset of CVD is approximately 10 years later in women than in men; women present with a wider range of symptoms[2]; and women are less likely to seek medical care and are less likely than men to be investigated and treated for CVD with specific medications, angioplasty or coronary artery from Women's Health Surveillance Report Published: 25 August 2004 BMC Women's Health 2004, 4(Suppl 1):S15 doi:10.1186/1472-6874-4-S1-S15 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral. com/1472-6874/4/S1/S15 <supplement> <title> <p>Women's Health Surveillance Report</p> </title> <editor>Marie DesMeules, Donna Stewart, Arminée Kazanjian, Heather McLean, Jennifer Payne, Bilkis Vissandjée</editor> <sponsor> <note>The Women's Health Surveillance Report was funded by Health Canada, the Canadian Institute for Health Information (Canadian Population Health Initiative) and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research</note> </sponsor> <note>Reports</note> <url>http://www.biomedcentral. com/content/pdf/1472-6874-4-S1-info.pdf</url> </supplement>
High‐mobility group box 1 from reactive astrocytes enhances the accumulation of endothelial progenitor cells in damaged white matter

High‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was initially described as a damage‐associated‐molecular‐pattern (DAMP) mediator that worsens acute brain injury after stroke. But, recent findings suggest that HMGB1 can play a surprisingly beneficial role during stroke recovery by promoting endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) function and vascular remodeling in cortical gray matter. Here, we ask whether HMGB1 may also influence EPC responses in white matter injury. The standard lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) injection model was used to induce focal demyelination in the corpus callosum of mice. Immunostaining showed that within the focal white matter lesions, HMGB1 was up‐regulated in GFAP‐positive reactive astrocytes, along with the accumulation of Flk1/CD34‐double‐positive EPCs that expressed pro‐recovery mediators such as brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and basic fibroblast growth factor. Astrocyte–EPC signaling required the HMGB1 receptor RAGE as treatment with RAGE‐neutralizing antibody significantly decreased EPC accumulation. Moreover, suppression of HMGB1 with siRNA in vivo significantly decreased EPC numbers in damaged white matter as well as proliferated endothelial cell numbers. Finally, in vitro cell culture systems confirmed that HMGB1 directly affected EPC function such as migration and tube formation. Taken together, our findings suggest that HMGB1 from reactive astrocytes may attract EPCs to promote recovery after white matter injury.
KURUMSAL İTİBARIN ÖLÇÜMÜ: BİR MODEL ÖNERİSİ

Corporate reputation emerges with corporate identity which shapes around corporate behaviors, policies and decisions in time and the reflection of this identity to stakeholders. In other words, corporate reputation is a whole of perceptions. While in the past the perceptions of stakeholders were shaped through the satisfaction of their basic expectations, nowadays most of the stakeholders and the society expect corporations to operate not only for the maximizing of their own interests, but also for the protecting social interests. For example along with the goods that meet their own expectations customers prefer goods that are not harmful to health and environment. From the perspective of investors, corporate reputation has become one of the important factors of investment decisions because of the widespread opinion that the companies which have a high corporate reputation would also have a high financial performance. When all of these factors are considered, the question about how corporate reputation should be measured arises. When the literature is analyzed, it is seen that only some of the existing indices and measurement models are predominantly used in the studies about the relation between corporate reputation and financial performance. The aim of this study is to propose a corporate reputation measurement model which can also be used in our country. For this reason, firstly the elements of corporate reputation are determined and than the existing indices and measurement models are analyzed and finally a new model is proposed.
Dynamic PET Data Analysis

A general method for estimating the precision of parameters resulting from the use of various experimental designs (rate of injection and rate of tomographic data collection) in emission tomography studies is proposed. The sensitivity matrix of the study model and an estimate of the statistical uncertainty of the tomographic data are used to compute the covariance matrix of the parameters. The determinant of this covariance matrix (proportional to the total volume of uncertainty of the model parameters) serves as a criterion to be minimized. The method is applied to a three-compartment, three-transfer rate constant for glucose metabolism using dynamic positron emission tomography, and a comparison of various current protocols is made with simulated data. The results show that higher rates of injection and higher rates of tomographic data collection at early times lead to smaller statistical uncertainties for the estimates of rate constants. However, for the range of rate constants encountered in practice, differences are insignificant when an initial scan duration <30 s is used, without regarding the injection duration.