Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE “GENERAL VIGOR” PROBLEM: CAN ANTAGONISTIC PLEIOTROPY BE DETECTED WHEN GENETIC COVARIANCES ARE POSITIVE?

The idea that maximal fitness in one environment is incompatible with maximal fitness in other environments plays a central role in much ecological and evolutionary theory. Selection for different genotypes in different environments could in theory maintain genetic variation (Levene, 1953: Hedrick, 1986; Gillespie and Turelli, 1989), and even lead to sympatric speciation (Maynard Smith, 1966; Dickinson and Antonovics, 1973; Felsenstein, 1981; Diehl and Bush, 1989). The inability to maximize fitness across a range of environments, if widespread, could explain why ecological specialization evolves, and would suggest that generalism persists only as a response to environmental unpredictability (Levins, 1968; MacArthur, 1972; Rausher, 1983; Futuyma and Moreno, 1988). Motivated by these considerations, many recent authors have attempted to determine whether geneticallybased "trade-offs" in measures of fitness are present among different habitats, hosts, or environmental states in a variety ofspecies (Rausher, 1984; Via, 1984, 1991; Hare and Kennedy, 1986; Shaw, 1986; Futuyma and Philippi, 1987; Takano et al., 1987; James et al., 1988; Pashley, 1988; Jaenike, 1989; Fry, 1990; Karowe, 1990; Ennos and Swales, 1991; Rawson and Hilbish, 1991). The most common approach has been to rear individuals from a set of families, lines, or clones in each of a number of environments, and determine whether a family's fitness in some environments is negatively correlated with its fitness in others. It is becoming increasingly recognized, however, that important tradeoffs or constraints may exist even when genetic correlations measured in this way are zero or positive (Bell and Koufopanou, 1986; Charlesworth, 1990; Jaenike, 1990; Houle, 1991). In particular, even if some segregating loci have negatively correlated or "antagonistic" effects on fitness in the different environments. the Accepted June 24, 1992.
Design of scalable interdomain IP multicast architecture

The current IP multicast architecture does not have enough scalability and is not suitable for the whole Internet, because routing information is too large. We propose the scalable interdomain IP multicast architecture in order to achieve IP multicast communications over the whole Internet. The proposed architecture provides methods to reduce the routing information. We define two kind of multicast addresses, which are called VMA (virtual multicast address) and MAR (multicast address for routing). The VMA is used to identify the multicast group in the intra-domain and MAR is used to forward multicast packets between the interdomain. With the definition of two multicast addresses, multicast address allocation can be more flexible, and routing information can be reduced with address aggregation. We estimate the amount of reduced routing information with our architecture, and evaluate the proposed architecture.
Big Data Analytics readiness: A South African public sector perspective

Organizations are now in an era of scale, where the volumes of data gathered, processed and stored is breaking down every architectural construct in the storage industry. This have seen organizations improve their analytics processes such as acquiring and using big data analytics tools as well as increasing their bandwidth and storage devices in order to boost their operational efficiency with little complexity. However, apart from the fact that there are different analytics applications there other issues that need to be paid attention to while addressing the Big Data boom. This paper reports on Big Data Analytics readiness in a public sector. The study was informed by data collected from South African Revenue Services (SARS) by using a close-ended questionnaires. The collected data was analysed quantitatively and the findings indicated that technological infrastructure, security, reliability, finances, competitors, customers and vendors are core antecedents for Big Data analytic readiness. Much as the techniques for big data analytics aren't all that new, fewer studies have been conducted hence this study contributes to information systems literature of Big Data analytics.
A nested control strategy for single phase power inverter integrating renewable energy systems in a microgrid

In this paper a nested power-current-voltage control scheme is introduced for control of single phase power inverter, integrating small-scale renewable energy based power generator in a microgrid for both stand-alone and grid-connected modes. The interfacing power electronics converter raises various power quality issues such as current harmonics in injected grid current, fluctuations in voltage across the local loads, voltage harmonics in case of non-linear loads and low output power factor. The proposed nested proportional resonant current and model predictive voltage controller aims to improve the quality of grid current and local load voltage waveforms in grid-tied mode simultaneously by achieving output power factor near to unity. In stand-alone mode, it strives to enhance the quality of local load voltage waveform. The nested control strategy successfully accomplishes smooth transition from grid-tied to stand-alone mode and vice-versa without any change in the original control structure. The performance of the controller is validated through simulation results.
Cyclic AMP inhibits developmental regulation of Chlamydia trachomatis

The effect of cyclic AMP (cAMP) on the chlamydial growth cycle was studied with Chlamydia trachomatis-infected HeLa cells. At concentrations of 1 mM, cAMP had a profound effect on the chlamydial developmental cycle, resulting in small, immature inclusions. Immunoblot analysis revealed the absence of elementary body (EB)-specific antigens in the cAMP-treated cells. This effect was observed only if cAMP was added within the first 12 h of incubation and continued thereafter. Its withdrawal at any time from the medium led to the reappearance of fully mature, infectious organisms. Analogs or breakdown products of cAMP exerted no inhibitory effect on chlamydial development. Intracellular inclusions from the cAMP-treated cells were unable to infect fresh HeLa monolayers, in contrast to the completely infectious nontreated inclusions. Protein profiles of the cAMP-treated organisms (at any time point) resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis very closely resembled reticulate bodies (RB) and did not possess characteristic EB-binding proteins. Collectively, these observations suggest an inhibitory role for cAMP at the RB stage of intracellular development. We also identified a cAMP receptor protein which is associated with RB and not with EB, further supporting a role for this system in the developmental regulation of chlamydiae.
International Conference in Knowledge Based and Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems-KES 2013 A Mass Data Update Method in Distributed Systems

Today, distributed business systems are used widely, and the consistency of their databases are maintained by the distributed transactions. On the other hand, a great deal of data is often updated in a lump-sum in the business systems. And, since the non-stop service has become general, it is necessary to perform this lump-sum update concurrently with the online transactions that service to users. So, some methods are utilized to avoid the influences on the online transactions, like the mini-batch that splits a lump-sum update into small transactions and executes them one after another. However, in the distributed systems, since it has to be executed by the distributed transactions, there is a problem on the efficiency to update a great deal of data by this method. For this problem, we propose to apply an update method to the distributed systems, which utilizes the records of data about the time to avoid conflicts between the lump-sum update and the online transactions. Moreover, through experiments using a prototype, we confirmed that it can update data more efficiently than the chain of small transactions even in the distributed systems. c © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of KES International.
Provirus of M7 baboon endogenous virus: nucleotide sequence of the gag-pol region

A 3,023-base nucleotide sequence of the M7 baboon endogenous virus genome, spanning the 5' noncoding region as well as the entire gag gene and part of the pol gene, is reported. Within the 562-base 5' noncoding region, a 21-base sequence complementary to the OH terminus of tRNApro is located immediately downstream from the long terminal repeat. Amino acid sequences were deduced from the 1,596 nucleotides comprising the gag gene, and the four structural gag polypeptides, p12, p15, p30, and p10, appeared to be coded contiguously. Only one termination codon interrupted the M7 gag and pol genes. The data suggest that 55 additional amino acids may be attached to the NH2 terminus of the gag precursor protein. However, such a sequence was not detected in virions or in virus-infected cells. With the exception of the p15 region, nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the gag and pol regions of M7 virus exhibited strong homologies to those of Moloney leukemia virus.
ENZYME LOCALIZATION IN BACILLUS MEGATERIUM

Weibull (1953a) has shown that after osmotic lysis of protoplasts of Bacillus megaterium, prepared by controlled treatment with lysozyme, only two microscopically detectable structures remain; membrane-like bodies termed "ghosts," and granules. The ghosts were found to sediment as a dark yellow fraction by centrifugation at 10,000 G (Weibull, 1953b) and to contain almost all the pigmented material and cytochromes of the whole cell. The latter observation is in agreement with the particulate nature (particles sedimenting between 22,000 and 100,000 G) of the cytochrome complement of Pseudomonas fluorescens (Stanier et al., 1953; Wood, 1955), Escherichia coli (Asnis et al., 1956), and Acetobacter suboxydans (Smith, 1954). In subsequent experiments Weibull (1956a) has obtained evidence that the ghost is the cytoplasmic membrane, perhaps in a denatured form. A brief treatment of the yellow ghost fraction in the sonic oscillator destroys the ghost structure and leads to the formation of granules which could be sedimented at 105,000 G (Weibull, 1953b). The similarity in chemical and physical properties between these granules and the particulate fractions isolated after the mechanical disruption of several different types of bacteria have led Stanier (1954) to propose that "the bacterial cytochrome system, along with some other enzymes, may be a built-in part of the cell membrane, and not, as in higher organisms, a mitochondrial component. " The present work supports this concept by
GLI3 is not mutated commonly in sporadic medulloblastomas

Medulloblastoma is a malignant, invasive embryonic tumor of the cerebellum. Sonic hedgehog (SHH) is a secreted glycoprotein that has a major role in the developing cerebellum. Activation of the SHH pathway resulting from mutations in the PATCH gene, which is an inhibitor of the pathway, are associated with hereditary and sporadic medulloblastomas. The GLI3 protein is another negative regulator of SHH signaling. The authors hypothesized that mutations in GLI3 may be associated with meduloblastomas.
Optimally designed microstructures of electromagnetic materials via inverse homogenization

In this study, a synthesis framework for designing artificial electromagnetic materials with periodic repetitions and desired constitutive parameters is proposed. The framework is based on a homogenized material model and its numerical solution via COMSOL. Material model results are shown to agree well with mixing formulas and existing models in the literature. Design results show that the GA based framework is capable of designing material compositions of a periodically repeated unit cell to achieve desired electromagnetic material properties. An array configuration of the unit cell design was fabricated. Future work comprises material measurements, extension of the framework to 3D structures, and its application to the design of Magnetic Photonic Crystals.
Correlation between Photopic Negative Response of Focal Electroretinograms and Local Loss of Retinal Neurons in Glaucoma

Purpose: To determine the relationship between the photopic negative response of the focal electroretinogram and the structural parameters of the inner retina and optic nerve head in glaucoma. Methods: Sixty-one eyes of 61 patients with open angle glaucoma, 13 eyes of 13 patients who were classified as glaucoma suspects, and 30 eyes of 30 normal subjects were studied. The focal electroretinograms were elicited by a 15° circular white stimulus on a white background centered on the fovea. The focal electroretinograms were also elicited by half of an annulus placed above or below the macula. The diameter of the inner border of the annulus was 15° and that of the outer border was 30°. The structure of the optic nerve head and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness were evaluated by scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and laser scanning polarimetry, respectively. Results: The amplitudes of the focal photopic negative responses and the ratio of the focal photopic negative response/b-wave amplitude were linearly correlated with the corresponding retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in the superior/temporal and inferior/temporal regions (r = 0.43 to 0.47; P < 0.0001) but not in the temporal region. The focal photopic negative response amplitude and focal photopic negative response/b-wave amplitude ratio were also linearly and significantly correlated with the corresponding rim areas and cup/disc area ratio (r = 0.38 to 0.50, P < 0.0001). Conclusions: These results strongly suggest that the anatomical losses of retinal neurons in local areas of the retina or optic nerve head are a cause of the reduction in the amplitude of the focal photopic negative response in open angle glaucoma.
A VO2-based 30 GHz variable attenuator

This paper presents a millimeter-wave variable attenuator using vanadium dioxide (VO2)-based variable resistors. The thin-films VO2 are integrated monolithically with a 0-dB coupler to realize the variable attenuator. A 30 GHz variable attenuator is designed, fabricated, and tested to verify the concept. It exhibits a continuous attenuation tuning range of 13 dB, and a return loss of 15 dB over a bandwidth of 5 GHz. The proposed VO2 based variable attenuators have a great potential to be used in a wide range of millimeter-wave applications.
The management of eating disorders in a fertility clinic: clinical guidelines

Although the wish for a child may be ambivalent in women with anorexia or bulimia nervosa, the prevalence of eating disorders in fertility clinics is probably underestimated. Motivated by the wish for a child, these couples may be reluctant to reveal a history of an eating disorder and/or show resistance to some therapy for this disorder. Nevertheless, in our opinion, the eating disorder must be in full remission before any fertility treatment can start, if treatment is still necessary at that moment. Illustrated with some case examples, we will discuss the major problems and clinical strategies in the management of these complex cases, based upon the experience in our own fertility clinic.
Improving microcontroller power consumption through a segmented gray code program counter

This paper introduces a new segmented gray code for microprocessor program counters that exploits the switching activity enhancements of a gray code on high capacitive microcontroller address lines while decreasing the area requirement of the necessary counter hardware. For higher bit widths gray code incrementers tend to explode in complexity compared to binary counters. The presented concept overcomes this problem by localizing the global scope of the common gray code. A method is developed to evaluate the valid gray codes in order to find the optimal one concerning area consumption of its incrementer. Resulting from this evaluation a segmented gray code is presented for which the area and power consumption is lower than for a binary incrementer. This code used for a microprocessor program counter leads to a decrease of the switching activity on the address bus by 25-30% while at the same time decreasing the area and power consumption of the program counter by about 10%.
Psychopathic personality in children: genetic and environmental contributions

Background The current study investigates whether the underlying factor structure of psychopathic personality traits found in adults is similar to that in children and what the extent of the genetic and environmental influences are on these psychopathic traits. Method Psychopathic personality traits were assessed in a community sample of 1219 twins and triplets (age 9–10 years) through caregiver reports of each child's behavior using the Child Psychopathy Scale (CPS). Results Confirmatory factor analyses revealed an optimal two-factor solution (callous/disinhibited and manipulative/deceitful) to the CPS subscales. Bivariate genetic modeling of the two computed factor scores revealed significant genetic as well as unique environmental influences on psychopathic personality traits in both boys and girls, with heritability estimates of 0.64 and 0.46, respectively, in boys and 0.49 and 0.58, respectively, in girls. No shared environmental influences on psychopathic personality traits were found. Conclusions The relationship between the two factors was mediated by both genetic and unique environmental factors common to both traits.
Estimating white matter tract volume in partial volume voxels with diffusion MRI

Diffusion mri (dmri) is the only method that allows in vivo segmentation of white matter (wm) fasciculi and assessment of their integrity, based on the water diffusion anisotropy caused by highly ordered bundles of axons [5, 6]. It can therefore be used to study wm decline: loss of integrity and tract thinning. Their disambiguation given the mri data is not trivial. We show that it is possible to obtain reasonable estimates of both:
Use of hypophysin in hypotensive patients with low systemic vascular resistance following cardiopulmonary bypass.

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to test the effects of hypophysin on hemodynamics and coronary artery caliber of patients with hypotension and decreased systemic vascular resistance (SVR) following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). METHODS Twenty-four patients with mean arterial pressure (MAP) < 60 mmHg, mean aorta pressure < 70 mmHg, SVR < 800 dynes.sec. cm-5, cardiac index (CI) > 2.5 l.min-1.m-2, central venous pressure > 8 mmHg and refractory to dopamine, norepinephrine, and fluid resuscitation were treated with hypophysin at an initial dose of 0.6 IU and a continuous infusion rate of 1 - 4 IU/h till the end of operation. The hemodynamics and the diameter of proximal left main coronary artery were evaluated before incision, before hypophysin administration, 5 min after hypophysin administration, and at the end of operation. RESULTS MAP, SVR, and the diameter of proximal left main coronary artery increased whereas heart rate, CI, stroke volume index, and mean pulmonary artery pressure had no significant changes after hypophysin administration compared with before hypophysin administration. All hypophysin-treated patients successfully recovered. CONCLUSION Hypophysin may improve the hemodynamics and dilate the proximal left main coronary artery in hypotensive patients with low SVR following CPB.
Artificial Neural Network—Based Analysis of High-Throughput Screening Data for Improved Prediction of Active Compounds

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are trained using high-throughput screening (HTS) data to recover active compounds from a large data set. Improved classification performance was obtained on combining predictions made by multiple ANNs. The HTS data, acquired from a methionine aminopeptidases inhibition study, consisted of a library of 43,347 compounds, and the ratio of active to nonactive compounds, R A/N, was 0.0321. Back-propagation ANNs were trained and validated using principal components derived from the physicochemical features of the compounds. On selecting the training parameters carefully, an ANN recovers one-third of all active compounds from the validation set with a 3-fold gain in R A/N value. Further gains in RA/N values were obtained upon combining the predictions made by a number of ANNs. The generalization property of the back-propagation ANNs was used to train those ANNs with the same training samples, after being initialized with different sets of random weights. As a result, only 10% of all available compounds were needed for training and validation, and the rest of the data set was screened with more than a 10-fold gain of the original RA/N value. Thus, ANNs trained with limited HTS data might become useful in recovering active compounds from large data sets.
The Taste of Carbonation

Gee Fizz The next time you enjoy a carbonated beverage, you can do so with an enhanced understanding of the molecular mechanism that provides its distinctive flavor sensation. Chandrashekar et al. (p. 443) genetically ablated specific sets of taste cells in mice and found that the sensation of CO2 was lost in animals lacking taste cells that sense sour flavors. A screen for genes specifically expressed in these cells revealed the gene encoding carbonic anhydrase 4, which catalyzes hydration of CO2 to form bicarbonate and free protons. Knockout animals not expressing the carbonic anhydrase 4 gene also showed diminished sensation of CO2. The protons produced by the enzyme appear to be the actual molecules sensed by the sour-sensitive cells. This process, combined with tactile sensations, appears to be the source of the popular fizzy sensation. The enzyme carbonic anhydrase mediates the taste sensation of carbonated drinks. Carbonated beverages are commonly available and immensely popular, but little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the perception of carbonation in the mouth. In mammals, carbonation elicits both somatosensory and chemosensory responses, including activation of taste neurons. We have identified the cellular and molecular substrates for the taste of carbonation. By targeted genetic ablation and the silencing of synapses in defined populations of taste receptor cells, we demonstrated that the sour-sensing cells act as the taste sensors for carbonation, and showed that carbonic anhydrase 4, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored enzyme, functions as the principal CO2 taste sensor. Together, these studies reveal the basis of the taste of carbonation as well as the contribution of taste cells in the orosensory response to CO2.