Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two Exact Solutions Illustrating the Schwarzschild Singularity’s Resolution

General wisdom thinks that the central of blackholes are singular and featured by mass, charge and spin exclusively; the microstate reflected in the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy can be accounted for only in some quantum gravity. We challenge this wisdom with two exact solution families to the sourceful Einstein equation which describe dust ball with oscillatory inner structure and variety of mass profiles. We attribute the matter content’s oscillation across the central point of the system to the forward scattering domination in high energy collisions induced by inter-gravitating acceleration and provide their Penrose-Carter diagram representation and quantum description briefly. Our solution family provides a very simple semi-classic picture for the micorstate definition of black holes. submitted on July 17, 2020 Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 19 July 2020 © 2020 by the author(s). Distributed under a Creative Commons CC BY license.
Exhaust Emissions from Malfunctioning Three-Way Catalyst-Equipped Automobiles

This paper summarizes two laboratory efforts to characterize exhaust emissions from three-way catalyst-equipped gasoline automobiles operating under malfunction conditions. Exhaust emission constituents measured, in addition to the currently regulated automobile emissions, include: particulates, sulfates, aldehydes, sulfides, amines, metals, and several additional elements and compounds.
Microtexture et proprietes mecaniques de films solides de particules colloidales (smectites)

Notre travail concerne l'etude des proprietes de phases condensees obtenues a partir de suspensions colloidales aqueuses de silicates appartenant a la famille des smectites. Ces materiaux cristallisent sous forme de particules feuilletees dont l'epaisseur est voisine de 1 nm et l'extension laterale voisine de 1 m. Cette tres grande anisometrie leur confere une tres grande deformabilite, pour autant qu'elles ne soient pas agregees. Les smectites presentent un deficit de charges positives dans leur reseau cristallin, compense par des cations localises dans l'espace poreux interfoliaire sature de liquide. La nature de ces cations joue un role preponderant dans les interactions a courte distance entre les feuillets. On peut, selon la charge, le rayon et l'etat d'hydratation du cation, generer soit des interactions attractives d'origine electrostatique faibles, soit des interactions fortes. Dans le premier cas, les feuillets restent relativement independants les uns des autres et restent deformables. Dans le second cas, ils forment des agregats lamellaires orientes et rigides. En utilisant des films (depots minces) prepares par filtration a partir du meme materiau mere et echanges par differents cations, nous avons essaye d'etablir les relations entre les proprietes mecaniques de ces materiaux et leur texture. A cet effet, nous avons realise un montage de traction adapte a ce type de materiaux fragiles. Ce meme montage nous a permis de suivre l'evolution de l'etat de la surface en fonction de la nature du cation au repos et en fonction de la contrainte appliquee pendant les essais mecaniques et ceci a l'aide d'un microscope optique. D'autre part, en explorant la surface par microscopie a force atomique (afm) a l'echelle du micrometre, nous avons accede a sa topographie. L'analyse des images numerisees issues de l'examen en microscopie otique et en afm a ete faite par des methodes d'analyse du signal fondees sur les proprietes d'invariance d'echelle (fractals). Cette analyse nous a permis d'etablir des correlations entre les differentes composantes du comportement viscoelastoplastique des films et leur texture a differentes echelles, dans le cadre d'un schema morphomecanique
Divergicine M35, une nouvelle bactériocine produite par Carnobacterium divergens M35 : caractérisation moléculaire du mécanisme d'action anti-microbien et du phénomène de résistance

Divergicin M35 is an antimicrobial peptide produced by Carnobacterium divergens M35 (C. divergens M35), with a potential activity against Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes). The study of the mode action of divergicin M35 was necessary to optimise its use as a bio-conservation agent and its acceptance by the food industry. Mutant (DivM) of L. monocytogenes LSD53O was developed by a progressive exposition of the wild type strain of L. monocytogenes LSD530 (DivS) to différent concentrations of divergicin M35. DivM was stable after 50 générations and its résistance frequency was estimated at 4.10". No différence in total DNA and total protein profile was observed between the DivM and DivS strains. The biological conséquences of divergicin M35 on DivS and DivM strains were studied. Divergicin M35 présents an inductive effect on cellular autolysis, hydrolysis of ATP and potassium efflux. Divergicin M35 interacts with cell membrane in absence of a protein receptor probably involving electrostatic interaction. In this study, variants résistant to nisin A (vA), nisin Z (vZ), pediocin PA-1 (vP), and thermophilicin B (vB) were developed from sensitive DivS strains. Différences in acidogenous capacity, potassium efflux and growth rate were observed between DivS and ail résistant mutants. Bacteriocin résistance acquirement appeared to substantially affect the antibiogram profile of ail variants résistant strains which correlated with the compositional changes in their cell-membrane. Résistant mutants présent a higher content of saturated fatty acid (Cl6:0 and Cl8:0) and a lower content of unsaturated fatty acid (Cl8:2 and C22:5) compared to the wild type stain. The cell membrane modification increases the membrane rigidity and reduces nutrients exchange between extraand intracellular médium. The study of cross résistance between bacteriocin and mutant strains indicated that the use of combined classes I and Ha bacteriocin can limit the development of résistant strains. The comparison of the mode action of divergicin M35 and différent toxins on potassium channel showed that divergicin M35 interacts with both voltage and calcium dépendent potassium channel resulting in an increase of potassium efflux and consequently the amplification of inhibitory activity.
Applications in stereochemical analysis of synthetic compounds, natural products, and biomolecules

This book provides an introduction to the important methods of chiroptical spectroscopy in general, and circular dichroism (CD) in particular, which are increasingly important in all areas of chemistry, biochemistry, and structural biology. The book can be used as a text for undergraduate and graduate students and as a reference for researchers in academia and industry. Experimental methods and instrumentation are described with topics ranging from the most widely used methods (electronic and vibrational CD) to frontier areas such as nonlinear spectroscopy and photoelectron CD, as well as the theory of chiroptical methods and techniques for simulating chiroptical properties. Applications of chiroptical spectroscopy to problems in organic stereochemistry, inorganic stereochemistry, and biochemistry and structural biology are also discussed, and each chapter is written by one or more leading authorities with extensive experience in the field.
Structure and Function of Cytoplasmic Dynein: a Thesis

In previous work I described the purification and properties of the microtubule-based mechanochemical ATPase cytoplasmic dynein. Cytoplasmic dynein was found to produce force along microtubules in the direction corresponding to retrograde axonal transport. Cytoplasmic dynein has been identified in a variety of eukaryotes including yeast and human, and there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that this "molecular motor" is responsible for the transport of membranous organelles and mitotic chromosomes. The first part of this thesis investigates the molecular basis of microtubule-activation of the cytoplasmic dynein ATPase. By analogy with other mechanoenzymes, this appears to accelerate the rate-limiting step of the cross-bridge cycle, ADP release. Using limited proteolysis, site-directed antibodies, and N-terminal microsequencing, I identified the acidic C-termini of α and β-tubulin as the domains responsible for activation of the dynein ATPase. The second part of this thesis investigates the structure of the 74 kDa subunit of cytoplasmic dynein. The amino acid sequence deduced from cDNA clones predicts a 72,753 dalton polypeptide which includes the amino acid sequences of nine peptides determined by microsequencing. Northern analysis of rat brain poly(A) revealed an abundant 2.9 kb mRNA. However, PCR performed on first strand cDNA, together with the sequence of a partially matching tryptic peptide, indicate the existence of three isoforms. The C-terminal half is 26.4% identical and 47.7% similar to the product of the Chlamydomonas ODA6 gene, a 70 kDa subunit of flagellar outer arm dynein. Based on what is known about the Chlamydomonas 70 kDa subunit, I suggest that the 74 kDa subunit is responsible for targeting cytoplasmic dynein to membranous organelles and kinetochores of mitotic chromosomes. The third part of this thesis investigates a 50 kDa polypeptide which co-purifies with cytoplasmic dynein on sucrose density gradients. Monoclonal antibodies were produced against the 50 kDa subunit and used to show that it is a component of a distinct 20S complex which contains additional subunits of 45 and 150 kDa. Moreover, like cytoplasmic dynein, the 50 kDa polypeptide localizes to kinetochores of metaphase chromosomes by light and electron microscopy. The 50 kDa-associated complex is reported to stimulate cytoplasmic dynein-mediated organelle motility in vitro . The complex is, therefore, a candidate for modulating cytoplasmic dynein activity during mitosis.
Up, Down, and All-Around: The Swirling-Transfer Collegiate Athlete Experience

Intercollegiate athletics have become an integral part of campus life (Denhart et al, 2010; Mixon & Trevino, 2005; Shulman & Bowen, 2001), and have grown exponentially in the resources universities put forth to participate in this extracurricular activity (Clotfelter, 2011). One of the biggest evolutions of intercollegiate athletics has been the collegiate athlete transfer phenomenon (Cooper & Hawkins, 2014); however, little research has been conducted on transfer collegiate athletes, or the transfer collegiate athlete experience. As such, the purpose of this instrumental case study was to discover and describe the experiences and perceptions of swirling-transfer collegiate athletes at Athletic State University. A purposive sample included nine collegiate athletes (six football and three baseball) interviewed and observed to gain a holistic experience of the swirling-transfer phenomenon, with multiple supporting documents also collected and analyzed. Participants of this study describe this unique experience as “the roller coaster experience. ” Each collegiate athlete perceives their participation in athletics and higher education as a means for social mobility and intends to pursue professional league opportunities. Recommendations to intercollegiate athletic governing associations, institutions, and scholars are included, with an emphasis of creating a database to track this subpopulation of transfer collegiate athletes, as well as educating practitioners who support these collegiate athletes every day.
Bulk and grain boundary electrical behaviours in Nb and Sn doped calcium copper titanium oxide

Three types of Calcium Copper Titanium oxide (CCTO), i.e. pure CCTO, niobium doped CCTO, and tin doped CCTO were obtained by mixed oxide route. The niobium and tin as a dopant were selected with the variation of doping concentration to create the stoichiometric formula CaCu3Ti4-xMxO12 (x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, and 0.25; M = Nb, and Sn). Three different sintering times were applied for all the samples. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy,impedance spectroscopy at high and low temperature were used to determine the phases, dielectric constant, dielectric loss, resistivity and capacitance of bulk and grain-boundary, nonlinear coefficient of conduction, breakdown voltage-field, barrier height, and microstructural changes of CCTO. The purpose of this research is to investigate and provide the transition of dielectric properties from pure CCTO to non-linear behaviour in niobium and tin doped CCTO. The dielectric properties is represented by grain boundary thickness (tgb) and activation energy for electrical conductivity of bulk (Eab) and grain boundary (Eagb). The non-linear behaviours is represented by non-linear coefficient of conduction (? ) and barrier height (? B). The relative dielectric constant tends to decrease with increasing the amount of niobium and tin dopant. The activation energy of niobium and tin doped CCTO are in line with barrier height which are associated with conduction processes; the dopants are shown to reduce the conductivity of samples. The barrier height and grain boundary thickness tend to decrease with increasing the amount of niobium and tin dopant. The narrowest grain boundary thickness will increase rapidly the effective dielectric constant which is attributed to the formation of thin insulating boundaries with the conducting grains. The non-linear coefficient of conduction (? ) of niobium and tin doped CCTO depend on the sintering hold time and the amount of dopant. The maximum value of alpha of niobium doped CCTO is ~600 at CCT10N4, and the maximum value of alpha of tin doped CCTO is ~830 at CCT15S4. Identically to the ? value trend, the barrier height (? B) also varies according to sintering hold time and the amount of dopant, and reaches maximum ~0.180 eV at CT05N4 in the range of ~0.173 to ~0.180 eV. There is no direct correlation between non-linear coefficient of conduction and barrier height in terms of sintering hold time for niobium and tin doped CCTO. The bulk activation energy of CCTO is in the range of 0.044 and 0.118 eV and the grain boundary activation energy is in the range of 0.389 and 0.706 eV. The large difference between bulk and grain boundary Ea is a strong indicator that different charge transport mechanisms exist for niobium and tin doped CCTO.
State-to-state cross sections for collisions of state selected and oriented OH

Parity resolved state-to-state cross sections for rotational excitation of OH(X2n ) collid­ ing with He and Ar, have been obtained in a crossed molecular beam experiment. The OH radicals were produced in a pulsed DC discharge in a H2O/Ar gas mixture. Adia­ batic expansion into vacuum resulted in an effective rotational cooling yielding a 94 % population of the lowest A-doublet (A"2 n3/2, J = §). Further state preparation could be achieved via electrostatic state selection in a hexapole electric field, resulting in a 93.5 % population of the upper A-doublet component ( f, + ). Experiments were per­ formed both with and without the state selector to provide detailed information about the rotational excitation from both A-doublet states. The OH rotational state distribution was probed, before and after the collision event, by means of LIF spectroscopy of the A — X electronic band at 308 nm. The OH-Ar and OH-He scattering behave very similar with the exception of the J = | A-doublet transition which is induced much weaker by the He collisions. For both collision sys­ tems the experimental results are in agreement with theoretical cross sections obtained from quantum scattering calculations of Werner and coworkers [1]. This chapter is based on the following publication: K. Schreel, J. Schleipen, A. Eppink, and J.J. terMeulen, J. Chem. Phys. 99, 8713 (1993)
Chemical Preservatives and Natural Antimicrobial Compounds

Antimicrobials are classified as traditional when they (i) have been used for many years, (ii) are approved by many countries for inclusion as antimicrobials in foods (e.g., lysozyme and lactoferrin, which are naturally occurring but regulatory-agency approved), or (iii) are produced by synthetic means (as opposed to natural extracts). Many organic acids are used as food additives, but not all have antimicrobial activity. Research suggests that the most active are acetic, lactic, propionic, sorbic, and benzoic acids. Acetic acid was the most effective antimicrobial in ground roasted beef slurries against Escherichia coli O157:H7 growth in comparison with citric or lactic acid. Sorbate is applied to foods by direct addition, dipping, spraying, dusting, or incorporation into packaging. The mechanism by which dimethyl dicarbonate (DMDC) acts is most likely related to inactivation of enzymes. A related compound, diethyl dicarbonate, reacts with imidazole groups, amines, or thiols of proteins. Lysozyme is most active against gram-positive bacteria, most likely because the peptidoglycan of the cell wall is more exposed. The primary use for sodium nitrite as an antimicrobial is to inhibit Clostridium botulinum growth and toxin production in cured meats. Sulfites may be used to inhibit acetic acid-producing bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and spoilage bacteria in meat products. In the future, traditional food antimicrobials will continue to play an important role in food preservation.
ECG SIGNAL COMPRESSION USING COMBINED MODIFIED DISCRETE-COSINE AND DISCRETE-WAVELET TRANSFORMS

A new hybrid two-stage electrocardiogram (ECG) signals compression method based on the Modified Discrete Cosine Transform (MDCT) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is proposed. The ECG signal is partitioned in blocks and the MDCT is applied to each block to decorrelate the spectral information. Then, the DWT is applied to each MDCT block of the signal. Removing spectral redundancy is achieved by compressing the subordinate components more than the dominant components. The resulting wavelet coefficients are then threshold and compressed using energy packing and binary-significant map coding technique for storage space saving. Experimenting on an ECG records from the MIT-BIH database is performed with various combinations of the MDCT and wavelet filters at different transformation levels, and quantization intervals. The decompressed signals are evaluated using percentage root mean square error (PRD) and zero-mean root mean square error (PRD1) measures. The results showed that the proposed method provides low bit-rate and high quality of the reconstructed signal. It offers a compressed ratio (CR) in between 12.6 and 21.5 average PRD of 5.89%, which would be suitable for most monitoring and diagnoses applications. Experiments with ECG signals used in results from the literature showed that the proposed method compares favorably with various state-of-the-art ECG compressors.
Etude longitudinale des influences du contexte d'entraînement et des autrui significatifs sur les attitudes hypercompétitives, les buts d'accomplissement, l'estime de soi et la persistance des jeunes judokas d'élite

Si la pratique sportive de competition revet une fonction de socialisation (Brustad, 1992), les effets supposes de transformation des attitudes motivationnelles qu’elle est susceptible de produire chez les jeunes sportifs demeurent peu etudies. S’appuyant principalement sur le cadre theorique de la motivation d’accomplissement de Nicholls (1989), cette recherche a pour objet d'etudier de maniere longitudinale, a l'aide de mesures repetees au cours de six trimestres, les roles de certains agents socialisants ou autrui significatifs (entraineurs, parents, partenaires) dans l'evolution des orientations de buts d'accomplissement, de l'estime de soi et de l'intention d'abandonner ou de poursuivre la pratique intensive du judo dans les structures federales reservees aux jeunes elites. Une premiere etude a montre que les judokas ayant abandonne le centre d’entrainement percevaient les autrui significatifs comme promouvant moins l’orientation vers la tâche et etaient eux-memes moins orientes vers la tâche que ceux ayant persiste sur les deux annees. Une seconde etude a mis en evidence qu'au cours de leurs deux premieres annees de pratique intensive du judo en pole France ou a l'INSEP, les athletes percevaient les autrui significatifs comme promouvant de moins en moins les orientations vers la tâche et de plus en plus l'orientation vers l'ego, sans que cela n'entraine de modifications significatives de leurs propres orientations de buts. Par ailleurs, l’estime globale de soi et certaines de ses composantes telles que les perceptions de condition physique, de competence sportive et d'apparence physique apparaissaient augmenter au cours de cette periode. L’intention d’abandonner la pratique competitive croissait egalement de facon constante. Une troisieme et derniere etude, testant la stabilite temporelle des modeles d'equations structurales des relations entre les differentes variables etudiees, a montre que les perceptions des roles des autrui significatifs en termes de promotion des orientations vers la tâche demeuraient des predicteurs positifs et constants de l’orientation vers la tâche des judokas, tandis que l'orientation vers l’ego de ces derniers etait predite essentiellement, de facon positive, par leur perception de recherche de la comparaison par leurs partenaires. Enfin, sur l'ensemble de la periode, les roles preponderants des pairs et, de facon plus inattendue, de l’orientation vers l’ego des judokas, comme predicteurs negatifs de l’intention d’abandonner ont ete mis en evidence. Ces resultats ouvrent des perspectives pedagogiques utiles aux entraineurs de judo soucieux de developper les conditions d'entrainement favorables a la perseverance dans la pratique et au maintien dans un systeme de formation des jeunes judokas les plus a meme de constituer l'elite adulte de demain.
Broadband microstrip branch-line coupler with defected ground structure

The design and measured performances of a broadband branch-line coupler are presented. The broadband coupler was designed by using a four-section branch line topology with a structure of the defected ground. Such a structure can make the impedance of the microstrip line much larger than that without defected structure, even using a normal PCB process. More than 231 Omega was easily achieved by such a defected structure. The measured performance of the broadband coupler agrees well with the results from simulation
MODEL ADSORPSI Mn+2, Cd+2 DAN Hg+2 DALAM SISTEM AIR-SEDIMEN DI SEPANJANG SUNGAI CODE, YOGYAKARTA

It has been predicted adsorption model of Mn +2 , Cd +2 and Hg +2 in the water-sediment system along Code river Yogyakarta. The aim of this study was to predict the displacement model of metal ions Mn +2 , Cd +2 , and Hg +2 from the body of water into the sediment based on adsorption isotherm phenomena. In addition, this study was expected to able to provide information toward the colour of Code river, dynamics, and condition of metal ions of Mn +2 , Cd +2 and Hg +2 along the Code river from upstream to downstream. Based on the experimental data, it was found that displacement of metal in Mn +2 and Cd +2 and Hg +2 into sediment would follow Langmuir, adsorption model with coefficient of determination (R 2 ) were respectively 0.9929 and 0.9701 , respectively while the volue of the adsorption energy was 20.95 kJ / mol and 16.85 kJ / mol, Displacement of metal ion Hg +2 , would tend to follow adsorption model of Freundlich. From the adsorption energy that was obtained, it was found that the bond of metal ion Mn +2 into sediment wold be chemisorption while metal ion Cd +2 tended to follow physiosorption and the streng of the bond could be sorted as Mn +2 , Cd +2 , Hg +2 . Keywords: adsorption model, the initial value of the river, chemisorption , physiosorption , metal.
Lipids: Structure, physical properties and functionality

Basic concepts Solid-state behaviour of polymorphic fats and fatty acids Liquid- crystalline lipidwater phases The liquid state Lipids at the air-water interface - monolayers and multilayers in surface films, bubbles and foams Dispersions of lipid-water phases Interaction of lipids with proteins and polypeptides Emulsions Lipids of biological membranes Lipid barriers at the environment-body interface Drug delivery Foods.