Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On computation of eigenvalues for differential equations by Newton’s method

Professor Zeev Nehari, in the last months before his untimely death, had been analyzing and developing a new algorithm for computing eigenvalues of selfadjoint boundary value problems of arbitrary order. Apparently, his main goals were Theorems 3.1 and 3.2 below (which incidentally yield the eigenvalues of the given problem, as well as those of a related problem). Unfortunately, as far as we know, Professor Nehari has not left a proof of the basic Lemma 3.1 which presumably was to be based on ? 2 or related results. It seems, however, worthwhile to publish this paper since the results of ? 1 and 2 are complete and of independent interest and since the question of the validity of Lemma 3.1 is also of interest. While the presentation in ? 1 and 2 is in most respects complete, there are a few places where some minor clarifications by selected footnotes were felt to be desirable. Also, Professor Nehari's original incomplete ? 3 has been replaced by a revised and abbreviated version. 1. Let L be an nth order selfadjoint linear differential operator of the form Ly = n= q,,(x)y(), qn > 0, where, to avoid irrelevant complications, it is assumed that the q,, are of class C n) on [0, 1]. If p > 0 and is continuous on [0, 1], we consider the eigenvalue problem Lu + ? pu = O, Bj(u) = 0, v =1,. ,n, (1.1) where the B,, are linearly independent linear selfadjoint homogeneous boundary conditions involving the values of u, u', . , u (n-) at 0 and 1, and it is assumed that the B,, do not depend on X. For these boundary conditions we shall also use the abbreviated notation B(u) = 0. We note that it would be sufficient to treat the case p _ 1, but applied problems are usually of the form (1.1) with p # 1, and a preliminary transformation changing p into 1 can introduce considerable formal complications. We shall further assume that the problem (1.1) is positive-definite, i.e., that, for any u E Cn which satisfies the boundary conditions B(u) = 0, we have
Unstructured and semi-structured hexahedral mesh generation methods

Discretization techniques such as the finite element method, the finite volume method or the discontinuous Galerkin method are the most used simulation techniques in ap- plied sciences and technology. These methods rely on a spatial discretization adapted to the geometry and to the prescribed distribution of element size. Several fast and robust algorithms have been developed to generate triangular and tetrahedral meshes. In these methods local connectivity modifications are a crucial step. Nevertheless, in hexahedral meshes the connectivity modifications propagate through the mesh. In this sense, hexahedral meshes are more constrained and therefore, more difficult to gener- ate. However, in many applications such as boundary layers in computational fluid dy- namics or composite material in structural analysis hexahedral meshes are preferred. In this work we present a survey of developed methods for generating structured and unstructured hexahedral meshes.
Causal Relationship between Government Tax Revenue Growth and Economic Growth: A Case of Zimbabwe (1980-2012)

The main aim of the paper is to demystify the mystery surrounding the belief that, high tax revenue growth rates is a prima facie and a leading indicator for high standards of living as a result of high economic growth rates engineered through the government multiplier process. The effects of economic growth on government tax revenue growth were investigated for Zimbabwe during the period of 1980-2012. Short-run and long-run relationship between the tax revenue and economic growth in Zimbabwe were also investigated. Theoretically and empirically it has been found that taxes affect the allocation of resources and often distort the economic growth. The study applied the Granger Causality test, Johansen’s cointegration test and vector error correction model to serve the purpose. However, findings of this study clearly showed that there is an independence relationship between economic growth and total government tax revenue with 30% speed of adjustment in the short run towards equilibrium level in the long run. This implies that there is fiscal independence between tax revenue and growth. The empirical analysis also provides the evidence of long-run equilibrium relationship. Based on the findings, we highlighted some of major issues that policymakers should consider for effective taxation policy formulation and implementation in line with the complexity nature of the Zimbabwe economy. Therefore, the outlook is that the economists and policy makers should suggests an ideal, efficient and buoyant tax system so that gross tax revenue of the government would increase substantially thereby leading to optimum mobilization of resources for higher economic growth of the country. This can only be achieved through efficient allocation of collected tax revenue to production sectors of the economy to try to achieve distributive principle through societal welfare maximization.
An Automatic Traffic Sign Detection and Recognition System Based on Colour Segmentation, Shape Matching, and SVM

The main objective of this study is to develop an efficient TSDR system which contains an enriched dataset of Malaysian traffic signs. The developed technique is invariant in variable lighting, rotation, translation, and viewing angle and has a low computational time with low false positive rate. The development of the system has three working stages: image preprocessing, detection, and recognition. The system demonstration using a RGB colour segmentation and shape matching followed by support vector machine (SVM) classifier led to promising results with respect to the accuracy of 95.71%, false positive rate (0.9%), and processing time (0.43 s). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was introduced to statistically evaluate the recognition performance. The accuracy of the developed system is relatively high and the computational time is relatively low which will be helpful for classifying traffic signs especially on high ways around Malaysia. The low false positive rate will increase the system stability and reliability on real-time application.
Implementation Of Fast rate Power Allocation Utilizing Duality gap in OFDM Systems

In this letter, we propose a power allocation strategy for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. To achieve the maximum capacity, the proposed power allocation strategy iteratively tunes the amount of power allocated to subcarriers according to the related parameters in the duality gap. The proposed strategy has a fast rate to achieve the solution and a very low complexity, and it achieves almost optimum performance.
Quality Changes of Light Flesh Tuna at Water of Tomini Bay, Gorontalo Province

Tuna is one of the mainstay fisheries commodities that involve many of the ordinary fishermen. The handling usually still not follows the principles of good handling that causing the poor quality as the result.The aims of this research were to analyze and to determine the quality of tuna meat (the abdominal wall, dorsal fin, and caudal fin). Raw material yellowfin tuna meat prepared for the light, the meat section of the abdominal wall, dorsal fin, and caudal fin. The result of organoleptic analysis showed that the tuna meat was above the minimum value for the criteria of fresh fish. The result of TVB analysis showed that the meat on the caudal fin had the highest value and significantly different with the other, but still exist on the safe limits and on the fresh category. For the result of analysis in histamine, it shown that at the fourth hour the meat at the dorsal fin had the histamine content which were above the minimum that have been recommended. For the result of analysis in peroxide number, it shown that the tuna meat did not sustain the fat damage until the fourth hour after the catching process. And for the result of analysis in TPC, it showed that at the fourth hour the tuna meat on the pectoral fin had the highest number of total colony and significantly different with the other. Keywords: handling, histamine, light flesh, microbiology, yellowfin
Prospects of the Food Processing Sector under Tariff and Non-Tariff Measures Liberalization in the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership

Food processing firms differ in productivity, vary in size and engage in a monopolistic competition based on highly differential products. While trade in processed food is becoming more important, the processed food sector is still the most protected one in both the European Union (EU) and the United States (US). This study employs a Computable General Equilibrium model which incorporates a module for heterogeneous firms under monopolistic competition to quantify impacts of a potential Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) agreement. Specifically, we evaluate a full removal of bilateral tariff and export subsidies between the EU and the US, and an additional reduction of bi-lateral rents and trade costs related to Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) in the food processing sector, drawing on cost estimates of existing empirical studies. Simulation results show quite small welfare impacts under both scenarios and limited impact on trade volumes as long as NTMs are not considered. Although transatlantic trade increases significantly in food processing sectors at the extensive margin of trade once changes in NTMs are accounted for, reduction in domestic sales leaves total industry output unchanged in both regions. Our model underlines the importance of considering NTMs and vertical differentiation, but is clearly limited by data availability especially on costs of existing NTMs and their composition.
UMA ABORDAGEM DE PARTICIONAMENTO DE CONJUNTOS ATRAVES DE COLORACAO EM GRAFOS.

This thesis reports on the development of a method þr cluster analysis using graph colouring. An application of this method on the school timetabling problem is presented. The corresponding program ls written in Pascal and runs on a microcomputer IBM-PC compatible. The results obtained are high standard despite the non polynomial nature of the problem studied.
Early flowering and genetic containment studies in transgenic poplar

Abstract: Despite of the immense potential of gene technologies for tree breeding, release of genetic modified trees is still very rare. Biosafety concerns have hitherto limited application of gene technologies. The potential risks of transgenic trees, in particular transfer of recombinant DNA into the gene pool of a given species via vertical gene transfer, have been motive of concern. Biosafety research may allow avoiding potential risks of this technology. However, the evaluation of strategies for prevention of vertical gene transfer, probably the most important concern toward transgenic trees, has been hindered by the long time they require to reach the reproductive phase. We tested different strategies for promoting early flowering in poplar, aiming the development of a system for biosafety studies on gene containment. Early flowering poplar containing the 35S::LFY or HSP::FT gene constructs allowed first approaches for the faster evaluation of gene containment. However, some drawbacks, e.g., disturbed vegetative growth and flower development, still limit their potential application on biosafety research. A non-transgenic hybrid aspen showing a short vegetative phase was successfully used for the evaluation of the PrMALE1::STS sterility gene construct.
Scaling Relations in 2+1 Dimensional Relativistic Turbulence / Electromagnetic Emission from Magnetized Two-Dipole Neutron Stars

Scaling Relations in 2+1 Dimensional Relativistic Turbulence / Electromagnetic Emission from Magnetized Two-Dipole Neutron Stars John Ryan Westernacher-Schneider University of Guelph, 2014 Advisor: Professor Luis Lehner Part I: Relativistic hydrodynamic turbulence has both direct applications, such as in astrophysical jets or accretion, and indirect ones, such as in the fluid-gravity correspondence. We clarify and extend some recently derived [1] scaling relations in relativistic hydrodynamics to 2 + 1 dimensions. We also perform simulations in an effort to measure the relations we have derived. Due to statistical difficulties, the numerical results are inconclusive. Part II: Electromagnetic counterparts to gravitational wave signals provide an opportunity to probe physics under extreme conditions, but a phenomenological understanding is currently lacking. We simulate a rotating neutron star with the magnetic field of two offset dipoles, similar to dipolar binary merger scenarios, in order to measure the Ω-dependence of the luminosity. We find Ω3. 82±0.10 and Ω4. 20±0.27 for the aligned and anti-aligned cases, respectively. These values are commensurate with dimensional estimates, but incommensurate with the values reported in [2].
A Survey of Social Choice Failures: Majority and Borda Rules

A social welfare rule g selects a complete asymmetric binary relation on a set of alternatives A as a function of voter preferences over A. Arrow's Impossibility Theorem and the Gibbard–Satterthwaite Theorem show that all social welfare rules fail to satisfy a small number of seemingly innocuous properties when voter preferences are unrestricted. In this paper, we propose several techniques for quantifying the degree of these failures for simple majority rule and Borda's rule. In addition, we develop a matricial framework for analyzing social welfare rules. We believe that the tools and methods proposed have significant potential in future analysis.
The Role of MicroRNAs in Regulating Cancer Stem Cells

Stem cells are a rare population of cells that have the ability to self-renew (to replenish the stem cell pool) and to differentiate (to produce daughter cells that will perform the physiological functions of tissues and organs). Although stem cells exist in different tissues, organs, and developmental stages. However, stem cells differ to some degree with regard to their developmental potency; life span, and notably their potential for self-renewal and proliferation capacity. Stem cell self-renewal and differentiation is regulated by signaling pathways, transcription factors, and micro RNAs (miRNAs). Some key transcription factors directly regulate the expression of miRNAs in stem cells. Meanwhile, miRNAs target key transcription factors and either repress or induce their expression in stem cells to regulate self-renewal and differentiation. Thereby, the miRNA regulatory network and the signaling pathways crosstalk to each other to orchestrate stem cell maintenance and cell fate decision. Dysregulation of core signaling pathways, transcription factors and miRNAs associated with normal stem cells can lead to carcinogenesis. Thus, understanding the regulation of normal stem cell is crucial for understanding the molecular mechanisms underline carcinogenesis. In this chapter, we review the characteristics and functions of miRNAs and cancer stem cells (CSCs), focusing on the roles of miRNAs in regulating CSCs. First, we provide an introduction to stem cells and CSCs. Then, we describe the signaling pathways that regulate stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. In particular, we review the Wnt/┚-catenin, Hedgehog (HH), and Notch pathways. Next, we discuss the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), CSCs, and miRNAs that play roles in regulating stem cells. Finally, we summarize the current status and discuss future perspectives.
Extensions of Galvin's Theorem

We discuss problems in list coloring with an emphasis on techniques that utilize oriented graphs. Our central theme is Galvin’s resolution of the Dinitz problem (Galvin. J. Comb. Theory, Ser. B 63(1), 1995, 153–158). We survey the related work of Alon and Tarsi (Combinatorica 12(2) 1992, 125–134) and Häggkvist and Janssen (Combinatorics, Probability & Computing 6(3) 1997, 295–313). We then prove two new extensions of Galvin’s theorem.
Safety Assessment of PCA (2-Pyrrolidone-5-Carboxylic Acid) and Its Salts as Used in Cosmetics

The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (Panel) reassessed the safety of 2-pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid (PCA) and sodium PCA; the Panel added 3 previously unreviewed salts (calcium, magnesium, and potassium) of PCA to this safety assessment. 2-Pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid and its salts are reported to function in cosmetics as skin conditioning agents—humectants. The Panel reviewed the data from the 1999 report of PCA and sodium PCA, as well as additional data included in this report, to determine the safety of these ingredients. The Panel concluded that PCA and its salts are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration; additionally, these ingredients should not be used in cosmetic products in which N-nitroso compounds can be formed.
Entanglement in mutually unbiased bases

One of the essential features of quantum mechanics is that most pairs of observables cannot be measured simultaneously. This phenomenon manifests itself most strongly when observables are related to mutually unbiased bases. In this paper, we shed some light on the connection between mutually unbiased bases and another essential feature of quantum mechanics, quantum entanglement. It is shown that a complete set of mutually unbiased bases of a bipartite system contains a fixed amount of entanglement, independent of the choice of the set. This has implications for entanglement distribution among the states of a complete set. In prime-squared dimensions we present an explicit experiment-friendly construction of a complete set with a particularly simple entanglement distribution. Finally, we describe the basic properties of mutually unbiased bases composed of product states only. The constructions are illustrated with explicit examples in low dimensions. We believe that the properties of entanglement in mutually unbiased bases may be one of the ingredients to be taken into account to settle the question of the existence of complete sets. We also expect that they will be relevant to applications of bases in the experimental realization of quantum protocols in higher-dimensional Hilbert spaces.
Creation of Video Summary with the Extracted Salient Frames using Color Moment, Color Histogram and Speeded up Robust Features

Over the last few years, the amount of video data has increased significantly. So, the necessity of video summarization has reached a new level. Video summarization is summarizing a large video with a fewer number of frames keeping the semantic content same. In this paper, we have proposed an approach which takes all the frames from a video and then shot boundaries are detected using the color moment and SURF (Speeded Up Robust Features). Then the redundancy of the similar frames is eliminated using the color histogram. Finally, a summary slide is generated with the remaining frames which are semantically similar to the total content of the original video. Our experimental result is calculated on the basis of a questionnaire-based user survey which shows on average 78% positive result whereas 3.5% negative result. This experimental result is quite satisfactory in comparison with the existing techniques.
Requirement Engineering Process in Agile Software Development: Review

Agile has gained a lot of popularity nowadays and have become a major source of money for lots of organizations. We have compared traditional requirement engineering approaches and agile requirement engineering. In addition to this, discussion over here revolves around agile methodologies, requirement-engineering approaches, and how we perform traditional requirement engineering in agile software development. On basis of literature, requirement-engineering is discussed in detail in both traditional and agile software developments along with benefits and challenges and in addition to this, improvements/proposed ideas needed application of Agile in distributed development environments are proposed effectively.
A multidimensional ruin problem

We consider the ruin problem for an insurance network modelled in terms of the Skorokhod problem in an orthant, where the interaction among the companies is only through the risk reducing treaty. In the case of a Cramer-Lundberg type network, we indicate a connection between the ruin probability and boundary value problems for the infinitesimal generator L; here L is a first order integropartial differential operator.
Human Capital vs. Signalling Explanations of Wages

The key difference between signalling and human capital models is that signalling models allow firms to draw inferences about unobserved characteristics of workers. Those inferences can be based on the schooling or work experience of workers, or on direct measures of some aspects of job performance. Many recent empirical findings can be better explained by signalling models than by human capital theory. Given the explanatory power of signalling models, standard estimates of the social return to secondary schooling are in large part capturing differences in affective traits, such as perseverance, which were acquired either in primary school or at home.
Widespread polar stratospheric ice clouds in the 2015–2016 Arctic winter – implications for ice nucleation

Abstract. Low planetary wave activity led to a stable vortex with exceptionally cold temperatures in the 2015–2016 Arctic winter. Extended areas with temperatures below the ice frost point temperature Tice persisted over weeks in the Arctic stratosphere as derived from the 36-year temperature climatology of the ERA-Interim reanalysis data set of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). These extreme conditions promoted the formation of widespread polar stratospheric ice clouds (ice PSCs). The space-borne Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) instrument on board the CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) satellite continuously measured ice PSCs for about a month with maximum extensions of up to 2×106 km2 in the stratosphere. On 22 January 2016, the WALES (Water Vapor Lidar Experiment in Space – airborne demonstrator) lidar on board the High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft HALO detected an ice PSC with a horizontal length of more than 1400 km. The ice PSC extended between 18 and 24 km altitude and was surrounded by nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) particles, supercooled ternary solution (STS) droplets and particle mixtures. The ice PSC occurrence histogram in the backscatter ratio to particle depolarization ratio optical space exhibits two ice modes with high or low particle depolarization ratios. Domain-filling 8-day back-trajectories starting in the high particle depolarization (high-depol) ice mode are continuously below the NAT equilibrium temperature TNAT and decrease below Tice∼10 h prior to the observation. Their matches with CALIPSO PSC curtain plots demonstrate the presence of NAT PSCs prior to high-depol ice, suggesting that the ice had nucleated on NAT. Vice versa, STS or no PSCs were detected by CALIPSO prior to the ice mode with low particle depolarization ratio. In addition to ice nucleation in STS potentially having meteoric inclusions, we find evidence for ice nucleation on NAT in the Arctic winter 2015–2016. The observation of widespread Arctic ice PSCs with high or low particle depolarization ratios advances our understanding of ice nucleation in polar latitudes. It further provides a new observational database for the parameterization of ice nucleation schemes in atmospheric models.