Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temperature Affects new Carbon Input Utilization By Soil Microbes: Evidence Based on a Rapid δ13C Measurement Technology

Abstract: Strong and rapid responses of soil microbial respiration to pulses, such as those from available soil organic matter (SOM) or water input from precipitation (especially in arid areas), are common. However, how soil microbes utilize new SOM inputs and the effects that temperature may have on their activities are unclear owing to the limitation in the application of traditional isotopic techniques at minute scales. In the present study, we developed a system of measuring 12CO2 and δ13C minutely and synchronously under controlled incubation temperatures, i.e., for 48 h at 7, 10, 15, 20, and 25 °C, to explore the carbon utilization strategies of soil microbes. We measured the respiration rates of soil microbes in response to different carbon sources, i.e., added glucose (Rg) and initial SOM (Rs), as well as the total respiration rate (Rt). All responses were rapid and characterized by unimodal curves. Furthermore, the characteristic values of these curves, such as the maximum of rate (R-max), the time required to achieve R-max, and the ratio of the duration of R-max to that of 1/2 R-max, were all dependent on incubation temperature. Interestingly, temperature greatly influenced the strategy that microorganisms employed to utilize different carbon sources. The effects of temperature on the intensity of the microbial respiratory response and the ratio of Rg/Rs are important for evaluating the effect of land-use changes or variations in seasonal temperature on SOM turnover and should be considered in ecological models in future studies.
The analysis of groundwater quality around a material (solid waste) recovery facility (a case study of the Merdeka 2 material recovery facility in Depok, West Java)

Merdeka 2 Material Recovery Facility (MRF) is an organic waste management facility located in West Java. MRF also produces leachate water which came from organic waste that could potentially pollute shallow groundwater around the facility. Purpose of this study is to obtain knowledge regarding amount of MRF’s waste intake and composition, composition of leachate water that came from the waste, and the groundwater quality around MRF with parameters including pH, temperature, BOD, COD, Nitrite, Nitrate, Ammonia, KMnO4, Iron (Fe), and Fecal Coliform. Quality of the groundwater was analysed by knowing pollution rate based on pollution index and its association with distance variation from MRF. Results showed that amount waste that came to the facility is 0.954 ton/day with an average of waste volume 1449.20 l/day and consists of 93.4% organic waste and 6.4% non-organic waste. For MRF’s leachate water quality showed that pH, temperature, BOD and COD parameters exceeded over required standard. Shallow groundwater around MRF showed that average rate of pH, BOD, COD, Nitrate parameters is still above required standard and other parameters average is still in required standard and there is no significant correlation between distance variation with the groundwater. It can be concluded that the pollution index of the local’s shallow groundwater fall into low to mid polluted category.
Characterization of Association Patterns of Coastal Migratory Bottlenose Dolphins, Tursiops truncatus , in the Nearshore Waters of Virginia Beach, Virginia

CHARACTERIZATION OF ASSOCIATION PATTERNS OF COASTAL MIGRATORY BOTTLENOSE DOLPHIN IN VIRGINIA BEACH, VIRGINIA Holly Feambach Old Dominion University, 2004 Director: Dr. Mark Butler Bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, commonly occur in fission-fusion social systems. For this study, I analyzed photo-identification data from 1994 to 1999 to describe association patterns of bottlenose dolphins in the nearshore waters of Virginia Beach, Virginia. Bottlenose dolphins are present seasonally (late April until early November) in these waters and individuals are considered to be members of the North Atlantic coastal migratory stock. I selected 78 individuals for detailed analyses from the 972 dolphins identified in the study area. Those chosen as “select” dolphins had been sighted at least five times in three of the six study years; all 972 identified individuals were included in analyses as possible associates. The mean group size for all identified dolphins was 22 (range: 2 200; SD = 20), whereas the mean group size for select dolphins was 35 (SD = 12). Select individuals had a mean number of 93 associates (range: 18-243; SD = 48), and almost 13% of associations between individuals were repeat associations. Associations were measured using the Half Weight Index (HWI), which ranges from 0 when animals are never associated to 1 if they are always associated. Only 10.5 %, or 6216/64090, of all calculated HWI values were greater than 0. The mean HWI value for select individuals was 0.18 (range: 0.01 0.75; SD = 0.05). “Definite” and “probable” females were identified based on the number of times they were sighted with young of year (YOY). A loose network was evident for all definite and Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. probable females and associations were influenced by reproductive state. Four (18%) females had another female as their highest associate and 13 (59 %) had another female as one of their five highest associates. Groups containing YOY were significantly larger than groups without YOY and 100% of all select individuals associated with at least one YOY. In conclusion, this study was the first to concentrate on purely migratory bottlenose dolphins. Social patterns were consistent with those observed for bottlenose dolphins in various habitats throughout the world, with individuals exhibiting a high degree of social fluidity with mostly weak and few strong associations between individuals. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. For Michael and Emily Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
Urban Planning Using a Geospatial Approach: A Case Study of Libya

Large scale developmental projects firstly require the selection of one or more cities to be developed. In Libya, the selection process is done by selected organizations, which is highly influenced by human judgement that can be inconsiderate of socioeconomic and environmental factors. In this study, we propose an automated selection process, which takes into consideration only the important factors for city (cities) selection. Specifically, a geospatial decision-making tool, free of human bias, is proposed based on the fuzzy overlay (FO) and technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) techniques for development projects in Libya. In this work, a dataset of 17 evaluation criteria (GIS factors) across five urban conditioning factors were prepared. The dataset served as input to the FO model to calculate weights (importance) for each criterion. A support vector machine (SVM) classifier was then trained to refine weights from the FO model. TOPSIS was then applied on the refined results to rank the cities for development. Experimental results indicate promising overall accuracy and kappa statistics. Our findings also show that highest and lowest success rates are 0.94 and 0.79, respectively, while highest and lowest prediction rates are 0.884 and 0.673, respectively.
Water loss from soil and water absorbing geocomposite

Evaporation can be one of the main reasons of water loss from soil. Usually the second, excluding evapotranspiration, is infiltration due to which water becomes unavailable to plants. Water absorbing geocomposite was designed to minimize water loss from soil and to provide water for plants during vegetation. It is built of a skeleton creating space for water absorbing superabsorbent (SAP). On the outside it is covered with geotextile, which acts as a separator and filter. It can be manufactured in a fully biodegradable version. It is a technology used to retain water in the soil, which is then available for plants. The paper presents the results of a simple experiment concerning water loss from two types of soils. The experiment was conducted in a thermal chamber with electronically controlled temperature. Two types of soils – sandy soil and loamy soil and two types of geocomposite were used. In the chamber flowerpots with and without geocomposite filled with sandy soil or with loamy soil were watered with 0.5 l of water. During the following 10 days water loss was observed two times a day. The results show high efficiency of geocomposite in water saving. Water loss from soil with installed geocomposite was nearly 7 times lower than from soil without the device. The idea was patented Geocomposite element, particularly for enhancing plant growth, PL 211198, application PCT/PL2011/050008. The patent was commercialized in Poland. Products based on the license of Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences are available under the trade name HYDROBox. They are used in the cultivation of strawberries, raspberries, and the cultivation of ornamental plants for urban green areas in order to increase production and improve the condition of the plants. On slopes they are used as a means for the protection of turf and other plants from the harmful effects of drought and erosion.
Denial-of-service (DoS) attacks and commerce infrastructure in peer-to-peer networks

This dissertation studies denial-of-service (DoS) attacks in peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, and electronic commerce infrastructure for such networks. In the first part of this dissertation, we propose attack containment techniques that make search and resource discovery protocols in P2P networks more resilient to DoS attacks. We describe the importance of attack containment as a complement to prevention, detection, and recovery techniques. We describe a simple but effective traffic model that can be used to understand the effects of application-layer, query-flood DoS attacks in P2P networks. We develop a threat model that describes how good and malicious nodes are captured by the traffic model, and we describe the results of simulations based on the model. Simulations are run on both synthetic and real Gnutella network topologies, and on the Chord distributed hash table network. We analyze how different query acceptance policies can contain the effects of query-flooding DoS attacks. We also describe a DoS attack against the resource discovery mechanism of a P2P protocol called GUESS. Nodes in a GUESS network use a data structure called a pong-cache to keep track of other nodes in the network, and malicious nodes can “poison” pong-caches with malicious node ids. We describe how to contain such attacks using an ID smearing algorithm and a dynamic network partitioning scheme. In the second part of this dissertation, we develop an architecture that can be used to support electronic commerce in a P2P network. We report on a prototype implementation of the architecture that allows mobile and wireless devices to make purchases using a digital cash scheme called PDA-Payword.
Incidence of some pathogenic microorganisms in bulk tank milk in some farms of Gharbia governorate

Milk and its products can harbor a variety of microorganisms and can be important sources of food borne pathogens. The presence of food borne pathogens in milk is due to direct contact with contaminated sources in the dairy farm environment and to excretion from the udder of an infected animal. The foodborne pathogens can reach humans by direct contact, ingestion of raw contaminated milk or cheese, or contamination during the processing of milk products. Isolation of bacterial pathogens with similar biotypes from dairy farms and from outbreaks of human disease substantiates this hypothesis. This study was conducted to determine the incidence of some pathogenic micro organisms in bulk tank milk from 3 dairy farms in Gharbia governorate, Egypt. Staphylococcus aureas, Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli were detected with percentages of 37.5, 6.25 and 12.5% in examined bulk milk samples collected from farm I, 25, 12.5 and 25% from farm II and 12.5, zero, and 12.5% from farm III. , respectively. The presence of these pathogenic microorganisms in bulk tank milk contribute a potential risk to public health, these findings underscore the need to control them and to limit bacterial multiplication in bulk tank milk.
Establishing Evidence Model based on Multiple Attributes of Trustworthiness

Trusted remote attestation is very important part of trusted computing,and trusted evidence is the basis of trusted remote attestation.However,by researching the existing attestation methods,there are several issues about trusted evidence:First,the content of evidence is rather simplistic,and it can't satisfies the requirements of users;Second,organization of the evidence is not reasonable;Finally,because of subjective of trustworthiness,and relating to expectation of users,existing attestation methods don't consider the user's expectation,cause the attestation result not to be trusted by users.In the paper,we proposed a method for building the evidence model of trusted remote attestation,and given the methods of evidence collection depend on the evidence model.We built trusted evidence model by analyzing the attributes of trustworthiness,then set up more formal instance of trusted evidence.Finally,through the practical application of evidence model,the trusted evidence is more comprehensive,and fully reflects the user's expectation.
Recent evolutionary history of New Zealand's North and South Island Kokako (Callaeas cinerea) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences

Abstract The Kokako (Callaeas cinerea) is an endangered, forest-dependent bird belonging to the endemic New Zealand family Callaeidae, the New Zealand wattlebirds. Two subspecies of Kokako are recognised: the now extinct orange-wattled South Island Kokako (SI Kokako) and the blue-wattled North Island Kokako (NI Kokako). The latter is the subject of intense conservation management and several populations have now been established on offshore island reserves. This study aimed to investigate the recent evolutionary history of Kokako through an assessment of the sequence variation and geographical distribution of mitochondrial haplotypes. We sequenced ~400 bases of the Domain III of the mitochondrial control region for 28 NI Kokako and two SI Kokako. Among NI Kokako, nucleotide diversity was low (0.006) but haplotype diversity was high (0.93). The average nucleotide diversity between NI Kokako and SI Kokako was 0.049 and a phylogenetic analysis revealed well supported reciprocal monophyly between NI Kokako and SI Kokako but no robust structure within NI Kokako. A nested clade analysis detected significant geographical structure in the distribution of the 13 NI Kokako haplotypes but could not identify an evolutionary scenario to explain the distribution. We discuss these findings in the context of the recent climatic and geological history of New Zealand.
Propagation prediction for indoor wireless local area network application

The application of wireless local area network (WLAN) is increasing in offices, it becomes important to study signal propagation indoor environment. In this Paper, the Site Ware Technologies` site specific propagation prediction tool is a Three-dimensional (3-D) ray tracing code employing modified shoot and bounce Ray (SBR) method known as the Vertical Plane Launch (VPL) is used to predict indoor propagation effects in a cultural Center. The simulation experiment is carried out to select the best location for installing a transmitter in a large center with many rooms and corridors. Receivers should available in all of the rooms. To understand how electromagnetic waves reach the receiver, visualization software was used based on Matlab. This type of simulation will save money by selecting the minimum power of a single transmitter and choosing the least number of transmitters in large buildings.
3D Face Deformable Model Based on Feature Points

The traditional 3D deformable model is inefficient in face reconstruction. To address this problem, a linear deformable model is proposed based on facial landmarks. First, a 2D template-based alignment algorithm is developed to process the correspondence between faces automatically, and a facial linear model is built. Then, a dynamic component-based deforming model is proposed to select the most correlative components as the basic space. Finally, the facial shape is reconstructed by a double deformation framework, a combination of the global deformation and local modification. Experimental results show that this method outperforms the conventional methods in modeling precision, and the 3D faces generated from real-world photos are rather realistic based on a few landmarks.
A Structure-from-Motion Pipeline for Generating Digital Elevation Models for Surface-Runoff Analysis

Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are used to derive information from the morphology of a land. The topographic attributes obtained from the DEM data allow the construction of watershed delineation useful for predicting the behavior of systems and for studying hydrological processes. Imagery acquired from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and 3D photogrammetry techniques offer cost-effective advantages over other remote sensing methods such as LIDAR or RADAR. In particular, a high spatial resolution for measuring the terrain microtopography. In this work, we propose a Structure from Motion (SfM) pipeline using UAVs for generating high-resolution, high-quality DEMs for developing a rainfall-runoff model to study flood areas. SfM is a computer vision technique that simultaneously estimates the 3D coordinates of a scene and the pose of a camera that moves around it. The result is a 3D point cloud which we process to obtain a georeference model from the GPS information of the camera and ground control points. The pipeline is based on open source software OpenSfM and OpenDroneMap. Encouraging experimental results on a test land show that the produced DEMs meet the metrological requirements for developing a surface-runoff model.
Canoodling with Moodle: School Libraries Get Up Close and Personal

In a world of social networking sites and mobile technology, the online school library site should not be static, but should involve a wide range of resources to support learning and include collaborative and interactive tools. Accessible both at home and at school, it needs to be easy to use and update, to facilitate communication and utilise the range of pedagogical tools now available.
A Gamified Kenyan K-12 Learning System

Traditional teaching methods rely on written exercises, books, oral lectures and blackboards as the primary vehicles to spread knowledge. Nevertheless, technological process brought new opportunities to teach and educate, such as using video games that spiced up curiosity and fired reviews amongst many educators and researchers. Research shows that video games have a great potential to improve the learning experience and learning outcomes. These facts among others led to this research.
Caracterización del clima espacial a partir de las observaciones solares realizadas por Eric Strach (1969-2008)

La meteorologia espacial tiene una gran importancia sobre nuestra tecnologia actual, incluyendo posicionamiento, redes electricas, telecomunicaciones y muchas mas. Asi, el objetivo general de este trabajo es aumentar nuestro conocimiento sobre la meteorologia espacial observada en las ultimas decadas. Para ello, vamos a caracterizar el clima espacial del periodo 1969-2008 usando las observaciones de manchas solares y de protuberancias realizadas por Eric Hugo Strach (1914−2011) y relacionaremos dichas observaciones con diferentes indices de actividad solar. Para conseguir este objetivo, se han recuperado diferentes indices diarios a partir de las observaciones de Strach preservadas en el “Historical Archive of Sunspot Observations”. Posteriormente, se han establecido varias relaciones interesantes entre los datos de las observaciones de Strach y los diferentes indices de actividad solar. Con la recuperacion y el analisis de estas largas series de datos es posible mejorar nuestro conocimiento del clima espacial que se ha dado en el pasado que, potencialmente, pueden mejorar nuestra capacidad predictiva
Creating a framework for assessing the sustainability of geothermal energy developments.

Sustainability indicators are useful tools for informing decision-makers about the progress of certain policies towards sustainable development (Devuyst, Hens, & Lannoy, 2001). The need for the development of sustainability indicators is clearly set out in Agenda 21 and was taken up by the United Nations Commission for Sustainable Development (CSD) (Pinfield, 1996). There have been further calls in the literature for the use of sustainability indicators as a means to measure sustainability.
A Survey of Augmented Reality

This survey summarizes almost 50 years of research and development in the field of Augmented Reality AR. From early research in the1960's until widespread availability by the 2010's there has been steady progress towards the goal of being able to seamlessly combine real and virtual worlds. We provide an overview of the common definitions of AR, and show how AR fits into taxonomies of other related technologies. A history of important milestones in Augmented Reality is followed by sections on the key enabling technologies of tracking, display and input devices. We also review design guidelines and provide some examples of successful AR applications. Finally, we conclude with a summary of directions for future work and a review of some of the areas that are currently being researched.
Fine Structure of the 660‐km Discontinuity Beneath Southeastern China

Imaging the structure of the 660‐km discontinuity is crucial to understanding the thermal and compositional states of the mantle transition zone. Here we study triplication data sampling beneath southeastern China and observe strong arrivals with rays turning at top of the lower mantle at an epicentral distance of 10°. Such strong arrivals indicate that the S velocity at the discontinuity increases by ~8.2±0.5% over less than 10 km. This sharp 660‐km discontinuity suggests that harzburgite enrichment exists at the bottom of the 660‐km discontinuity and the temperature near 660 km does not exceed 2000 K. Through comparisons with 1‐D models for other regions, we find that the seismic structure in the mantle transition zone below our study area is similar to that beneath oceanic regions. Thus, we suggest that the mantle near the 660‐km discontinuity beneath southeastern China is locally not affected by slab or plume.