Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INCIDENCE OF SALMONELLA SP. AND CAMPYLOBACTER SP. IN IMPORTED FROZEN CHICKEN

A total of 130 samples of frozen imported chicken were collected during the period from 2010 to 2011from those submitted to CLQP (Central Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on poultry Production. Samples were tested for Salmonella and Campylobacter according to ISO stander isolation methods. The results revealed that Campylobacter was present in 28 samples (21.54%), Salmonella were present in 12 samples (9.23 %), 3 samples (2.3%) were found to be mixed infection with both Campylobacter and Salmonella, and 87samples (66.92 %) were negative for both Campylobacter and Salmonella. Salmonella isolates were serotyped using commercial Incidence of salmonella sp. And campylobacter sp. Ahmed M. Ammar et. , al. Kafr El-Sheikh Vet.Med.J. Vol. 1 No.1 (2003) 16 kit (Sefin Germany) while Campylobacter isolates were typed biochemically.
Achilles Tendon Rupture: Can the Tendon Gap on Ultrasound Scan Predict the Outcome of Functional Rehabilitation Program?

Background and objectives There is a growing use of functional rehabilitation programs for the treatment of Achilles tendon rupture. Factors such as patient age and level of activity have been used to guide the decision. One of the debated indications is the gap size between the ruptured ends of the tendon. This study aims to define any correlation between the amount of the initial gap between tendon ends and patients outcome treated with the functional rehabilitation program. Method A prospective case series study of all patients with acute Achilles tendon rupture treated non-surgically with the functional rehabilitation program between 2016 and 2018. The tendon gap was measured with an ultrasound scan on the initial presentation. Patients were followed for a minimum of 12 months and assessed for Achilles Tendon Rupture Score (ATRS), plantarflexion strength, and re-rupture rate. Results A total of 56 patients completed one-year follow-up, and 2 patients had re-ruptures. The mean plantar flexion gap was 13.7 mm. The mean ATRS at 12 months was 85.12. There was no statistically significant correlation between the final ATRS and the mean rupture gap. Conclusion The outcome following non-operative functional rehabilitation treatment of rupture Achilles tendon did not correlate with the size of the tendon gap, and authors recommend that decision on functional rehabilitation should not be based on these criteria.
PDFlib PLOP: PDF Linearization, Optimization, Protection Page inserted by evaluation version

For ∼24 years the AIDS pandemic has claimed ∼30 million lives, causing ∼14,000 new HIV-1 infections daily worldwide in 2003. About 80% of infections occur by heterosexual transmission. In the absence of vaccines, topical microbicides, expected to block virus transmission, offer hope for controlling the pandemic. Antiretroviral chemotherapeutics have decreased AIDS mortality in industrialized countries, but only minimally in developing countries. To prevent an analogous dichotomy, microbicides should be acceptable, accessible, affordable, and accelerative in transition from development to marketing. Already marketed pharmaceutical excipients (inactive materials of drug dosage forms) or foods, with established safety records and adequate antiHIV-1 activity, may provide this option. Therefore, fruit juices were screened for inhibitory activity against HIV-1 IIIB using CD4 and CXCR4 as cell receptors. The best juice was tested for inhibition of: (1) infection by HIV-1 BaL, utilizing CCR5 as the cellular coreceptor, and (2) binding of gp120 IIIB and gp120 BaL, respectively, to CXCR4 and CCR5. To remove most colored juice components, the adsorption of the effective ingredient(s) to dispersible excipients and other foods was investigated. A selected complex was assayed for inhibition of infection by primary HIV-1 isolates. The results indicate that HIV-1 entry inhibitors from pomegranate juice adsorb onto corn starch. The resulting complex blocks virus binding to CD4 and CXCR4/CCR5 and inhibits infection by primary virus clades A to G and group O. Therefore, these results suggest the possibility of producing an anti-HIV-1 microbicide from inexpensive, widely available sources, whose safety has been established throughout centuries, provided that its quality is adequately standardized and monitored.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: An Unseen Trouble in Orthopaedic Trauma

Traumatic incidents experienced by orthopedic trauma patients represent life-changing events not only in time lost due to hospitalization, surgery, or rehabilitation, but also in the loss of ability to function and work. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental illness that can occur after a traumatic or life-threatening event. The orthopedic surgeon is often the only physician managing these patients after their injury, representing the sole opportunity to recognize the psychiatric squeal of trauma exposure that are highly pertinent to the patient’s functional outcome. Orthopedic surgeons are not specifically trained to identify PTSD in their patients and are therefore unlikely to treat it. The focus of attention of orthopedic surgeons is on the physical injury and tissue damage, and recognizing psychiatric illness such as PTSD is often difficult. Hence, this review article aims to highlight this concealed issue and have a strong consideration in trauma patients.
Pharmacological Importance of Simple Phenolic Compounds on Inflammation, Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis with a Special Reference to β-D-Salicin and Hydroxybenzoic Acid

Simple phenolic (SP) compounds are natural products that exhibit multiple pharmacological functions. The best known of these compounds is β-D-salicin, the first discovered phenolic glycoside and salicylic acid, or 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (2-HBA). Both of these compounds have attracted the interest of scientists in various interdisciplinary fields, including chemistry, pharmacology and medicine. Although β-D-salicin is found in various plants, it is often associated with willow, as it was first discovered in this species of plant. While the presence of glucose in β-D-salicin improves the physicochemical properties of the benzyl moiety, β-D-salicin itself does not have anti-inflammatory or anti-proliferative activity until it is metabolised into 2-HBA in the gastrointestinal tract and blood stream. Likewise, the majority of 2-acetoxybenzoic acid (2-ABA), or acetoxysalicylic acid also undergoes metabolic hydrolysis into 2-HBA. 2-HBA has been shown to play a role in modulating both inflammation and cancer partly through the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). It is now clear that 2-HBA most likely acts on the transcription factor NF-κB, which regulates the transcription of COX-2 thereby suppressing inflammation and cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. Other phenolates, also exhibit anti-inflammation and anti-proliferation activities like the 4-hydroxybenzoate zinc (4-HBZn) complex, which was previously shown to preferentially inhibit COX-2 compared to 2-HBA and ASA. This review aims to collect all the available information related to β-D-salicin and other SP compounds in order to promote a new perspective of this interesting class of compounds and encourage further research into their pharmacological and clinical properties.
Nanotechnology, a Revolutionary Technique in the Food Industry: Systematic Review

Nanotechnology has a great role in food industry in terms of processing, packaging, preservation and storage. Nanotechnology provides a wide variety of possibilities in food industry applications. Nanotechnology is now leading in the main field of food industry with the development of other technologies. Usage of nanoencapsulation technique to use the bioactive compound for successful delivery. In addition, nanoencapsulation enables the control of flavour release during processing and storage at the desired time and the prevention of flavour degradation. The use of nano biosensors in packaging technique that definitely detects harmful components in food, pathogen identification, changes in food characteristics and food quality. Nonetheless, there is no question that nanotechnology is making a significant contribution to the newly developed advanced technique but safety is also a major concern, when it comes to the use of this technique in food industry, growth and protection should be pushed in parallel to the overall progress of the food industry and consumers.
DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS ATTENDING AN URBAN HEALTH CLINIC IN MALAYSIA

Diabetes mellitus is a public health problem and has become a concern to all levels of society. In Malaysia, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus had increased, from about 0.65% in early 1960s to 2 – 4% in 1980s and 14% in early 21st century. Studies had showed that glucose control is effective in preventing complications from diabetes mellitus. Level of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is an accepted indicator of glycaemic control. A crosssectional study was carried out to determine the level of control of HbA1c among 307 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending the health clinic in Bandar Tun Razak, Kuala Lumpur using validated structured questionnaires, while secondary data were obtained from patients’ medical reports. Response rate for this study was 89%. Majority of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending the health clinic in Bandar Tun Razak were Malays (79.5%), women (61.9%) and married (77.2%), and with secondary education (49.5%). The mean age of respondents was 56.9 ± 9.5 years, median Body Mass Index (BMI) was 28.5 (IQR: 6.0) and median HbA1c was 7.4% (IQR: 2.7). About three quarter of the type 2 diabetes mellitus patients studied had poor controlled level of HbA1c (≥6.5%). Age (p=0.047), blood pressure (systolic blood pressure p=0.049, and diastolic blood pressure p=0.011) and low density lipid level (p=0.039) had significant relationship with the level of HbA1c. Other risk factors studied had no significant relationship with the level of HbA1c. The study concluded that, there was poor glycaemic control among type 2 diabetes mellitus studied, this exposed them to complications of diabetes mellitus. It is recommended that health education activities, counselling and prevention activities are intensified and targeted to this group of patients. HASIMAH ISMAIL a,b MUHAMAD HANAFIAH a SITI SAA’DIAH b SALMIAH MS a TAHIR A. ,c HUDA Z.a MOHD YUNUS d
Regressive Shoreface Depositional System of the Cretaceous Yolde Formation of the Gongola Sub-Basin Northern Benue trough N. E. Nigeria

The characterization of lithofacies of the Yolde Formation at Briyel town in the Gongola Sub-basin of the Northern Benue Trough indicated coarsening upwards cycles composed transitional succession of six lithofacies that comprises of trough cross-beds, planar cross-beds, massive beds, ripple laminations, parallel laminations and mudstone. This coarsening and thickening upward symmetry is defined by a densely bioturbated mud dominated lower part transitionally grading into heterolithic interval composed thinly bedded sandstone and mudstones both of which developed below fair-weather wave base. This is capped by a succession of moderately bioturbated troughplanar crossbedded sandstone with poly-directional paleocurrent system. These assemblages reflect shoreface deposits and devoid of hummocky cross-stratification therein may account for a moderate wave oceanographic system. Evolution of this setting in the Gongola Sub-basin is indicative of a scenario of a broaden coastline in the coastal palaeogeography of the Yolde Formation typically suppressing due to frictional damping.
Subspecies-Selective Predation of Snow Petrels by Skuas

Snow petrel (Pagodroma nivea) populations in Antarctica are highly variable in body size (coefficient of variation of 5%, 7%, 8%, 9% for wing, tarsus, and bill lengths, and bill depth, respectively). Two subspecies have been recognised, a large one P. n. major and a small one P. n. minor. At few locations both subspecies breed sympatrically in varying proportions. Snow petrels' main predator on breeding grounds is the south polar skua (Catharacta maccormicki). To understand the evolutionary processes shaping body size in the snow petrel, I evaluated selective predation of snow petrels by south polar skuas on an island near Antarctica. Food remains (n = 43) collected in 16 skua territories indicated no significant subspecies-selective predation on adult snow petrel. In both subspecies nest characteristics (open, intermediate and concealed; n = 110) and predation on eggs and chicks were studied. Egg predation did neither differ significantly between the larger (15.8%) and smaller subspecies (12.5%) of snow petrel, nor within each subspecies relative to body size of the pairs. More chicks issued from pairs of the larger subspecies (37.5%) than chicks issued from pairs of the smaller one (0%) disappeared during the breeding season because of predation by skuas. No size-selective predation on chicks was found within the large subspecies, Birds of the large subspecies occupied more open nest sites than birds of the small subspecies (P < 0.001), and open nests were preyed upon more often than concealed nests (P = 0.041). As body size seems to be heritable in the snow petrel according to subspecies (h 2 = 0.61 ± 0.14) and within subspecies (smaller: h 2 = 0.92 ± 0.31: larger: h 2 = 0.87 ± 0.37). predation by south polar skuas may pose a selection against the larger subspecies.
Preliminary Studies of Ca-Al-Layered Double Hydroxide (Ldh) and Its Effect on the Compressive Strength in Concrete

This research work involved the preliminary studies of CaAl-LDHs using co precipitation method and applying it in the preparation of concrete to evaluate the compressive strength in grade 15 concrete. Slum and compressive strength test were carried out on the concrete control and concrete mixed with CaAl-LDH, Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-Ray Diffractogram (XRD) was carried out on the synthesize LDH, concrete control, and concrete mixed with LDH. Original Research Article Archibong et al.; JSRR, 26(6): 131-151, 2020; Article no.JSRR. 59191 132 From the results obtained in the work failure load test, it was observed that there was an increase by 62.60% in the compressive strength of concrete mixed with 30kg of CaAl-LDHs, the SEM micrograph also shows the increase in the density and the less porosity of the concrete mixed with CaAl-LDH which explained the increase in the compressive strength of the concrete. CaAl-LDH has therefore shows a promising effect on the increase on the compressive strength of concrete.
INTRODUCTION OF AGRICULTURAL CROP RESIDUES AS SUPPLEMENT FOR GOATS FATTENING AMONG ANIMAL REARERS IN GIPALMA MUBI-SOUTH, ADAMAWA STATE

Fattening has been defined as intensive feeding of highly nutritious feed to and promotes fast growth and fat deposition to achieve desired carcass growth and quality. The main strategy is to fatten young, lean male goat to obtain either from the farmer’s own flock or more often, purchased on the open market over a period of two to three months, with each farmer fattening between one and five animals. The goats are usually tethered or kept in a small sheltered enclosure at the homestead, and often fed and watered individually. Basal feeds used for goat fattening, such as hay and millet straw are supplemented with cowpea haulms, maize bran, rice bran and coconut flour which is derived from the crop residues. Poor nutrition is a major constraint in fattening small ruminants in Nigeria, this is because farmers often give the animals whatever is available, leading to waste when feed availability is high, and underfeeding when it is low (feed availability). Fattening of small ruminants as a business is very common in Nigeria. Small ruminants are usually reproduced on the farms or houses and are sold around festivities. (Christmas and Sallah) or when cash is required. No special efforts, other than grazing the animals, are made by many smallholder farmers and pastoralists to ‘’fatten’’ them. A similar situation exists for fattening of large ruminants (bulls) as a business. Most farmers in Nigeria sell their bulls once they have been introduced to ‘’fatten’’ these animals commercially. Goats are able to subsist and make appreciable gains in long dry season with crop residue-based diets that compare favourably with conventional concentrate rations. Some of the crop residues and by-products available are potentially good feed resources which degrade readily in the rumen, some however, have shown poor degradability and hence, require some treatments before they can contribute to animal nutrition.
Aedes aegypti surveillance in Tobago, West Indies (1983-88).

: During 1983-88 Aedes aegypti were collected using larval surveys and ovitraps in Tobago, W.I. The main artificial containers used by Ae. aegypti were drums (35.4%) and small miscellaneous containers (23.4%). From a total of 15,600 ovitraps exposed, 183 ovitraps (1.3%) were positive, with 25 containing Ae. aegypti eggs and 158 with Haemagogus equinus eggs. No Aedes albopictus eggs were detected in Tobago during this study.
TEACHING ENGLISH TO ADULT LEARNERS WITHIN EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES AT UNIVERSITY: BARRIERS AND MOTIVATION FACTORS

The article aims to conduct the experimental research of the adult learners’ readiness to learn English, investigate adult learners’ barriers to study English and develop the model of English teaching environment for adult learners within university extracurricular activity based on the collaborative teaching strategy. The hypothesis of the research is that motivation to study the English language among adult learners will be increased after the investigation of their learning barriers and work on their minimisation in the conditions of university extracurricular work within the collaborative learning strategy. In order to achieve the purpose of the research, a set of scientific methods was used: analysis, synthesis, complex analytical method, conceptual system method, factual method, descriptive method, questioning, testing, observing, interviewing and generalisation. Respondents were 52 adult learners (age range was from 40 to 55) who were the participants of the Ukraine-Norway project, who attended the course “English for Business”. The respondents were united into three age groups: 40-45 years; 45-50 years; 50-55 years. The majority of respondents (51%) showed a high level of a readiness to continue the English study process after completing the proposed course. The application of the suggested in the article model will minimise adult learners’ barriers to study English, increase the level of adult learners’ motivation to learn English, create a positive learning environment, engage adult learners into the English study process as active participants, promote collaboration and support within the peers.
Evidence of Stable Foraminifera Biomineralization during the Last Two Climate Cycles in the Tropical Atlantic Ocean

Planktonic foraminiferal biomineralization intensity, reflected by the weight of their shell calcite mass, affects global carbonate deposition and is known to follow climatic cycles by being increased during glacial stages and decreased during interglacial stages. Here, we measure the dissolution state and the mass of the shells of the planktonic foraminifera species Globigerina bulloides from a Tropical Eastern North Atlantic site over the last two glacial–interglacial climatic transitions, and we report no major changes in plankton calcite production with the atmospheric pCO2 variations. We attribute this consistency in foraminifera calcification to the climatic and hydrological stability of the tropical regions. However, we recorded increased shell masses midway through the penultimate deglaciation (Termination II). In order to elucidate the cause of the increased shell weights, we performed δ18O, Mg/Ca, and μCT measurements on the same shells from a number of samples surrounding this event. Compared with the lighter ones, we find that the foraminifera of increased weight are internally contaminated by sediment infilling and that their shell masses respond to local surface seawater density changes.
Toxicity and genetic analysis of bees Scaptotrigona bipunctata after contamination with insecticide accephate

The meliponines can be found in tropical and subtropical regions and is observed in the majority of Latin America. Scaptotrigona bipunctata are stingless bees that build colonies that possess between 2,000 and 50,000 individuals. This study aimed to estimate the toxicity of the insecticide acephate after oral and contact contamination in S. bipunctata. Results revealed differences between the two types of contamination and indicated that S. bipunctata is tolerant to acephate since the mortality rate was low. The findings indicated that there were expression changes of isoenzyme esterases after contamination with the insecticide, which was able to partially inhibit almost all of the enzymes identified in this study. In addition, morphological changes were identified in the midgut of the bees in the first 24 hours of contamination. However, after 48 hours it was observed the regeneration of the peritrophic membrane and other structures, contributing to the survival of the insects. It is essential to propose measures to minimize the impact of agrochemicals on pollinators and this study provides support for investigations on pesticide toxicity in stingless bees.
A PARAMETRIC STUDY OF TWO SOLUTIONS FOR TBM JAMMING PROBLEM IN SQUEEZING GROUND CONDITIONS

In this study, semi-empirical methods and numerical models were used to assess ground squeezing potential during Zagros tunnel excavation. This analysis was then combined by use of the Confinement-Convergence method to identify critical sections of the tunnel with potential for shield jamming. The results showed that TBM could experience jamming in three tunnel sections where the tunnel strain was about 5 to 8 percent. The problem could be differed by implementing over cut of 50 and 75 mm. The use of over cut and shortening of the shield length was used in a sensitivity analysis and the results showed that an increase of 50% in over cut value (from 50 to 75 mm), could increase the factor of safety by up to 83%. Also, the analysis indicated that a decrease of 33% in shield length (from 12 to 8 m), could lead to increased factor of safety of up to 93%.
Evaluation of nutritional quality of developed functional bread fortified with Mushroom and dates

Bread may be described as a fermented confectionary product produced mainly from wheat flour, water, yeast and salt by a series of process involving mixing, kneading, proofing, shaping and baking (Dewettinck et al., 2008). The objectives of this study was to evaluate the nutritional composition of functional bread fortified with Mushroom and Dates and compare to normal white bread, and to see how much protein and iron will be improved to and enhanced in the daily diet and help who are anemic and protein energy malnutrition. The functional bread is developed by taking wheat flour and different percentages (5%,10%,15%) of mushroom and dates and are mixed and fermented with baker’s yeast and then baked 30-40 minutes in oven at 200 Co of different samples and functional bread developed. The sensory evaluation was done by panelist of 5 members, and they most accepted sample containing 10% mushroom powder and 10% dry dates chips and that sample by nutritional analysis was done in laboratory, in this the amount of Protein and Iron was increased, and moisture content decreased. The developed functional bread naturally fortified with button mushroom( Agaricus bisporus) and dried dates mejdool variety chips, after development the nutrient quantity of bread is increased – Protein value from 7.30 gm to 10.94gm, Iron from1.1mg/100 gm to 2.2 mg/100 gm. And all the other nutrient contents also enhanced. One important factor moisture percentage decreased from 39% to 19%, so shelf life of bread increased from the normal white bread. The functional bread is valuable in terms of nutritional quality as well as texture is good and shelf life also improved.