Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Story of Bisphenol S – Steps from Bad to Worse

We are living in the “Age of Plastics”. A vast amount of this material enters the environment, with chemicals released from the bulk of this matter often exhibiting endocrine-disrupting effects. Bisphenol A (BPA), originating from plastics, is well-known as such a potent endocrine disruptor. This compound exhibits wide spectra of detrimental effects on animal and human health. For these reasons, the use of BPA has been limited in many human activities and bisphenol A-free products are now guaranteed. As a key compound of many plastics, BPA could not be omitted from plastics without being replaced by other chemicals. Bisphenol S (BPS) is often chosen as a substitute for BPA, although its endocrine-disruptive effects are poorly known. As a chemical facing much less stringent legislation than BPA, its forerunner, BPS is now widely used in many materials. However, an increasing volume of new knowledge indicates that BPS is far from safe. The “silent” substitution of BPA with BPS could be perceived as an improvement. However, the converse appears to be true. With BPS spreading through our “plastic-encased” world, we are going from bad to worse. KLICOVA SLOVA antropocen; endokrinni disruptory; bisfenol A; bisfenol S; politovanihodna nahrada ABSTRAKT Žijeme v „době plastove“. Obrovske množstvi plastů vstupuje do životniho prostředi a z tohoto materialu se uvolňuje řada chemikalii s endokrinně disrupcnimi ucinky. Bisfenol A (BPA) je znam jako jeden z takových ucinných endokrinnich disruptorů uvolňovaných z plastů. Tato latka vykazuje siroke spektrum negativnich efektů na zdravi zviřat i lidi. Proto bylo použivani BPA v řadě lidských oborů omezeno a u mnoha výrobků je garantovano, že BPA neobsahuji. BPA může v plastech chybět, jen pokud je nahrazen jinými latkami. Jako nahrada za BPA se casto použiva bisfenol S (BPS), i když jeho endokrinně disrupcni ucinky jsou prozkoumany jen velmi malo. Jako chemikalie, jejiž použivani podleha mnohem slabsi legislativni regulaci než jeji předchůdce, je nyni BPS použivan v mnoha materialech. Nově ziskavane poznatky ale stale jasněji ukazuji, že BPS neni zdaleka bezpecna latka. Nenapadna nahrada BPA za BPS může být vnimana jako zlepseni. Ale zda se, že tomu přesně naopak. S tim, jak se BPS siři nasim „do plastu zabaleným“ světem, jsme se jen dostali z blata do louže.
A Clustering Algorithm Applied to the Management of Mobile Ad Hoc Network

The MANET (mobile Ad hoc network) is a new mobile wireless communication network. Comparing with the other communication network, the unique properties of MANET add the difficulties and challenges to the network management. Recently, the network management on MANET is on the initial stage and more accurate standards are not defined and in addition, some existing problems such as unidirectional links and relative mobility of nodes are ignored. Hence, a clustering algorithm based on graph with the token mechanism and node minimum identifier applied to hierarchical network management on MANET is proposed, as well as the amelioration to MIB (management information base) suggested. The algorithm puts the special unidirectional links and relative mobility into consideration, improves the flexibility and scalability in network management, and suggests a new idea to the network management as well.
δ13C stratigraphy of the Proterozoic Bylot Supergroup, Baffin Island, Canada: implications for regional lithostratigraphic correlations

The Bylot Supergroup, northern Baffin Island, contains >1500 m of platform, shelf, and slope carbonates deposited between ∼1270 and ∼723 Ma. Limited chronostratigraphic data have led to the broad correlation of the Bylot Supergroup with predominantly Neoproterozoic successions in northern and western Laurentia; yet, detailed correlation has been impossible given biostratigraphic and lithostratigraphic limitations. Carbon-isotope chemostratigraphy represents a potential dataset to constrain such interregional correlations. Carbon isotopic data from the Bylot Supergroup and broadly coeval successions from Somerset Island and northwest Greenland reveal distinct stratigraphic trends in δ 13 C, with intervals of moderate 13 C enrichment (+3.5 ± 1‰) punctuated by excursions to slightly negative values (-1.0 ± 1‰). Although the scale of the observed variation is muted relative to Neoproterozoic standards, the dissimilarity of values to those recorded in northwestern Laurentia suggests that these strata delineate a discrete depositional interval. Comparison of isotopic values with published data indicates that δ 13 C values between approximately -1.0 and +4.0‰ are characteristic of the interval between ∼1300 and ∼800 Ma. This pattern is distinct from that of younger Neoproterozoic successions, which typically record values >+5‰, and older Mesoproterozoic successions, which record values near 0‰, and suggests that these moderately positive values may be useful for broad time correlation. Compilation of new and published data permits the tentative reconstruction of a global Mesoproterozoic carbon isotopic curve.
Homogeneity pursuit and structure identification in functional-coefficient models

This thesis explores the homogeneity of coefficient functions in nonlinear models with functional coefficients, and identifies the semiparametric modelling structure. With initial kernel estimate of each coefficient function, we combine the classic hierarchical clustering method and a generalised version of the information criterion to estimate the number of clusters each of which has the common functional coefficient and determine the indices within each cluster. To specify the semi-varying coefficient modelling framework, we further introduce a penalised local least squares method to determine zero coefficient, non-zero constant coefficients and functional coefficients varying with the index variable. Through the nonparametric kernel-based cluster analysis and the penalised approach, the number of unknown parametric and nonparametric components in the models can be substantially reduced and the aim of dimension reduction can be achieved. Under some regularity conditions, we establish the asymptotic properties for the proposed methods such as consistency of the homogeneity pursuit and sparsity. Some numerical studies including simulation and two empirical applications are given to examine the finite-sample performance of our methods.
Analysis of Mountain Wave Effects on a Hard Landing Incident in Pico Aerodrome Using the AROME Model and Airborne Observations

A hard landing incident in Pico Aerodrome (LPPI) involving an Airbus A320-200 aircraft is investigated using airborne observations and forecasts of the AROME (Applications of Research to Operations at Mesoscale) model. A second flight is also analyzed. The severity of the wind shear during both flights is quantified using the intensity factor “I” that is based on aerial data and recommended by ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization). During Flight 1, 36% of the landing phase (below 2100 ft) occurred under “severe” wind shear conditions and 16% occurred under “strong” conditions. Upstream characteristics included southwest winds, stable stratification and a Froude number close to 1. According to the AROME model, these circumstances triggered the development of vertically propagating mountain waves, with maximum vertical velocities above 400 ft/min and exceeding 200 ft/min in the flight path. These conditions, together with the severe wind shear, may have caused the incident. During the second flight, a wake with lee vortices and reversed flow developed in the region of the flight path, which is consistent with a low upstream Froude number and/or with the flow regime diagram of previous studies. During the approach phase of this flight, “severe” wind shear conditions were absent, with “strong” ones occurring 4% of the time. It predominantly displayed “light” conditions during 68% of this phase. As a result of the comparison between “I” and the AROME turbulence indicators, preliminary thresholds are proposed for these indexes. Lastly, this study provides an objective verification of AROME wind forecasts, showing a good agreement with airborne observations for wind speeds above 10 kt, but a poor skill for weaker winds.
Application of a Projection Method for Simulating Flow of a Shear-Thinning Fluid

In this paper, a first-order projection method is used to solve the Navier–Stokes equations numerically for a time-dependent incompressible fluid inside a three-dimensional (3-D) lid-driven cavity. The flow structure in a cavity of aspect ratio δ = 1 and Reynolds numbers ( 100 , 400 , 1000 ) is compared with existing results to validate the code. We then apply the developed code to flow of a generalised Newtonian fluid with the well-known Ostwald–de Waele power-law model. Results show that, by decreasing n (further deviation from Newtonian behaviour) from 1 to 0.9, the peak values of the velocity decrease while the centre of the main vortex moves towards the upper right corner of the cavity. However, for n = 0.5 , the behaviour is reversed and the main vortex shifts back towards the centre of the cavity. We moreover demonstrate that, for the deeper cavities, δ = 2 , 4 , as the shear-thinning parameter n decreased the top-main vortex expands towards the bottom surface, and correspondingly the secondary flow becomes less pronounced in the plane perpendicular to the cavity lid.
Modeling and analysis of holographic microgratings for high-density recording

Microholographic data storage uses the entire photosensitive volume in a transparent disc the size of a DVD. The data bits, microgratings, are recorded using a high-NA focused laser beam which is mirrored into itself. For readout, the mirrored part of this beam is blocked by a shutter. In this work, an efficient calculation method is devised to analyze the diffraction properties of microgratings in different recording media with and without saturation. This is done by calculating the diffraction efficiency (DE) as a function of the position and wavelength of the readout beam. Two major tasks are addressed in this thesis: i) to analyze the influence of saturation of the recording material on the diffraction properties of microgratings in linear and quadratic recording media, and ii) to evaluate the implications of limited material resources for multilayer microholographic data storage and the prospects of the two material types for high data capacities. In a linear medium with saturation, the gratings are localized during readout with much smaller dimensions compared to their real size, which is the benefit of holography. Gratings with a depth (FWHM) of 10 μm, for example, have an effective depth (FWHM) below 3 μm, enabled by Bragg diffraction. With a refractive index contrast of 0.001, the DE of these gratings is of the order of 10-3. The spectral analysis also provides an insight into the diffraction effects which take place. The smallest microgratings show a maximum of the diffraction at a larger radius if the readout wavelength is smaller. The results reveal a shift of the diffraction angle, which is supported by the broad angular spectrum of the high-NA beam and the small grating. For larger gratings due to stronger saturation of the recording material, this effect is weaker. These larger gratings also have a stronger spectral selectivity. To compute recording schedules for equal diffraction efficiencies in multiple layers, an efficient method is devised which accounts for the partially overlapping gratings due to shift multiplexing. Due to the consumption of material resources by the first few layers, the achievable diffraction efficiencies are very small (10-5 to 10-6). The results clearly confirm that linear recording media are not suitable for high-capacity microholographic data storage.
Bifurcations and Invariant Sets in a Class of Two-Dimensional Endomorphisms

Several endomorphisms of the plane have been constructed by simple maps. We study the dynamics occuring in one of them, which is rich in global bifurcations. The invariants sets are stable manifolds of saddle type points or cycles, as well as closed curves issued from Hopf bifurcations. The present paper focuses some bifurcations related with attractors or basins which produce other attractors which coexist with invariant sets.
An Authenticated Scheme of Onion Routing

Onion Routing on public computer networks is much like a physical envelope. The simple application of cryptography within a packet switched network provides anonymous connections by using the loose source routing protocol that are strongly resistant to both eavesdropping and traffic analysis so that it hides not only the contents of message being sent but also who is talking whom, and how often. Onion Routing is a general purpose infrastructure for private communication over a public network and the connections are bi directional, near real time, and can be used for both connection based and connectionless traffic. However, Onion Routing schemes available can hide informationbut can not prevent attacker form subversive attacks such as disturbing data packages, that is, the attacker do not want to know the contents of message being sent but make them confusion. When the contents of data packages have been disturbed, the data packages become message garbage. On the occasion, if the Onion Routing server continues to transmit the packages, it will reduce the whole network efficiency. To the worse, because the addresses in the package headers are also encrypted, the Onion Routing servers will disturb the whole network when they obtain wrong addresses. To solve this, a new scheme that hides information and prevents from disturbing data packages is proposed by using the efficient signcryption technique combined with the group signature technique and trust mark technique based on David's Onion Routing scheme. The goal of the new scheme is to enhance security and reliability of Onion Routing and to make it easy to integrate into existing systems (including IP v4 or IP v6). Finally, analysis of security on the proposed scheme is given.
Adaptive Hybrid Algorithm for Dynamic Path Planning Problem of Intelligent Access System

Dealing with a dynamic routing planning problem of the intelligent access system used in pharmacy,the mathematical formulations were proposed and an hybrid algorithm for this problem was designed.The designed algorithm incorporated the genetic algorithm and particle swarm algorithm and recommended dynamic adjustment and self-adaptive evolution strategies.The previous of the particle algorithm,with dynamic changing of the inertia weight,other parameters also made adjustments to improve search efficiency and search accuracy.In the latter part of the genetic algorithm,with selfadaptive parameter adjustment strategy,the amount of routing information could be maximized according to each iteration,and the search could be driven towards diverse regions of the solution space.The performance of the proposed algorithm was tested on some intelligent access system instances.It proves to be more effective and efficient than other algorithm.
Security and Authentication and Access on Data Transfer under the Cloud computing by using key

Cloud storage moves the users data to big data centers, which are remotely located , on which user does not have any control . however , this unique feature of the cloud poses many new security challenges which need to be clearly understood and resolved. A scheme which gives a security the big data in the cloud which the customer can employ to check the correctness of his data in the cloud , by using key is provided.
Pinky : interactively analyzing large EEG datasets

In this thesis, I describe a system I designed and implemented for interactively analyzing large electroencephalogram (EEG) datasets. Trained experts, known as encephalographers, analyze EEG data to determine if a patient has experienced an epileptic seizure. Since EEG analysis is time intensive for large datasets, there is a growing corpus of unanalyzed EEG data. Fast analysis is essential for building a set of example data of EEG results, allowing doctors to quickly classify the behavior of future EEG scans. My system aims to reduce the cost of analysis by providing near real-time interaction with the datasets. The system has three optimized layers handling the storage, computation, and visualization of the data. I evaluate the design choices for each layer and compare three dierent implementations across dierent workloads.
DETEKCIJA LJUDSKOG LICA U VIDEOTIJEKU U REALNOM VREMENU

Professional motivation for nominating this subject is to explore the possibility of satisfactorily accurate human face detection in real time on a real-life project using open source libraries. This project is envisioned as a first phase in an attempt to build a system which could, with satisfactory accuracy, detect student presence in the classroom which could lead to its use in automatic student class or laboratory practice attendance registration. A detection scenario will be tested in which we are trying to determine detection accuracy considering number of subjects in the detection area and their distance from the camera and assess if the level of detection is at an acceptable rate. This type of system would be applicable in subject presence detection in „Smart home“ environments and could be used to track subjects movement trough an observer area. Methods that will be used are construction of a software prototype, functionality testing in accordance to a predetermined testing plan, measurement of system performance and result analysis.
Modelling Steady-State Biofilm in a Drinking Water Distribution System:

"In the Netherlands, the distributed drinking water does not rely on residual disinfectants. To control and limit growth of microorganisms, the drinking water is produced with low concentrations of biodegradable compounds. Still, biomass in the water can change during residence in the drinking water distribution system (DWDS), and a biofilm is formed. More than 95% of the biomass in the DWDS is associated with biofilm. Also, it has been observed that the total microbial biomass and the dominant bacterial composition remains stable during distribution to the consumers. This stability is probably due to the fact that under normal operational circumstances in the DWDS the biofilm is in equilibrium with its environment and there is little net exchange of biomass between water and biofilm, i.e. is in a steady state. In case of a disturbance of the steady state there is a risk of biofilm detachment which may result in discolouration and/or detachment of biofilm related to opportunistic pathogens such as Legionella pneumophila or Pseudomonas aeruginosa.In a risk based approach information is required on (i) the probability of biomass detachment and (ii) the effect of biomass detachment. The probability of biomass detachment is determined by (ia) the amount of biomass that can be maintained on the pipe wall and (ib) the probability of disturbance of the steady state of the biofilm. Research has been done on biofilm formation and detachment, mainly under laboratory conditions in static batch tests, and under dynamic conditions in test rigs. In this paper we focus only on aspect (ia) the amount of biomass that can be maintained in the steady state biofilm.Our goal is to develop a model that describe the amount of steady state biofilm, under specific DWDS circumstances (pipe material, pipe diameter, hydraulic circumstances, incoming water quality, etc.). This paper describes the conceptual model and a first numerical model, linking physics and biology. These models are based on the literature, and still need validation. Experiments on the influence of temperature, flow velocities, pipe diameter, chlorine levels and AOC levels are needed to further improve our understanding of biofilm maintenance under various circumstances. "
The stochastic discount factor and the generalized method of moments

3 INTRODUCTION.4 CHAPTER 1: 1.1 THE STOCHASTIC DISCOUNT FACTOR . 7 1.2 SDF AND THE WEIGHTED PORTFOLIOS.9 1.3 SDF AND THE CONSUMPTION BASED MODEL.10 1.4 SDF AND THE COMPLETE MARKETS.14 CHAPTER 2: 2.1 THE GENERALIZED METHOD OF MOMENTS . 15 CHAPTER 3: 3.1 THE LINEAR FACTOR MOMENTS . 22 CHAPTER 4: 4.1NUMERICAL IMPLEMENTATION FOR CAPM. 25 4.2 CONCLUSION.29 REFERENCES.30
Neutron Star Mass and Radius Measurements

Constraints on neutron star masses and radii now come from a variety of sources: theoretical and experimental nuclear physics, astrophysical observations including pulsar timing, thermal and bursting X-ray sources, and gravitational waves, and the assumptions inherent to general relativity and causality of the equation of state. These measurements and assumptions also result in restrictions on the dense matter equation of state. The two most important structural parameters of neutron stars are their typical radii, which impacts intermediate densities in the range of one to two times the nuclear saturation density, and the maximum mass, which impacts the densities beyond about three times the saturation density. Especially intriguing has been the multi-messenger event GW170817, the first observed binary neutron star merger, which provided direct estimates of both stellar masses and radii as well as an upper bound to the maximum mass.
Globalization, robotization, and electoral outcomes: Evidence from spatial regressions for Italy

Criticism of economic globalization and technological progress has gained support in Italy in the last two decades but, due to the diâ†µerentiated exposure of local communities to this process, political outcomes have varied considerably across the country. By observing the local impact of three global economic phenomena (flows of migrants, foreign competition in international trade, and diâ†µusion of robots) alongside with the patterns of local electoral outcomes potentially associated with discontent, this work analyses from a spatial perspective the economic forces driving the evolution of general elections in 2001, 2008 and 2013 in Italy. The analysis reveals that all these global factors had an impact on political outcomes associated with discontent, albeit in different ways and changing over time. These novel em- pirical results indicate that these global drivers interacted with elements pertaining to the political supply, such as party federation and scandals. By combining various methodological advances coming from the political geography and the political economy literature, this work attempts to bridge disciplines sharing similar interests but adopting diâ†µerent tools of analysis.
Position Analysis of 3-DOF 3-RPS Parallel Manipulator

A new three Degree Of Freedom (3-DOF) parallel manipulator has been proposed in this study. Because the parallel manipulator has three Degree Of Freedom (DOF), one translation degree of freedom and two rotational degrees of freedom. The model is established by using UG 8.0 and The inverse kinematic analysis and simulation results using ADAMS. Keywords-design and modeling; inverse kinematic analysis; simulation using ADAMS; results