Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Transport, metabolism, and endosomal trafficking‐dependent regulation of intestinal fructose absorption

Dietary fructose that is linked to metabolic abnormalities can up‐regulate its own absorption, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms are not known. We hypothesized that glucose transporter (GLUT) protein, member 5 (GLUT5) is the primary fructose transporter and that fructose absorption via GLUT5, metabolism via ketohexokinase (KHK), as well as GLUT5 trafficking to the apical membrane via the Ras‐related protein‐in‐brain 11 (Rab11)a‐dependent endosomes are each required for regulation. Introducing fructose but not lysine and glucose solutions into the lumen increased by 2‐ to 10‐fold the heterogeneous nuclear RNA, mRNA, protein, and activity levels of GLUT5 in adult wild‐type mice consuming chow. Levels of GLUT5 were >100‐fold that of candidate apical fructose transporters GLUTs 7, 8, and 12 whose expression, and that of GLUT 2 and the sodium‐dependent glucose transporter protein 1 (SGLT1), was not regulated by luminal fructose. GLUT5‐knockout (KO) mice exhibited no facilitative fructose transport and no compensatory increases in activity and expression of SGLT1 and other GLUTs. Fructose could not up‐regulate GLUT5 in GLUT5‐KO, KHK‐KO, and intestinal epithelial cell‐specific Rab11a‐KO mice. The fructose‐specific metabolite glyceraldehyde did not increase GLUT5 expression. GLUT5 is the primary transporter responsible for facilitative absorption of fructose, and its regulation specifically requires fructose uptake and metabolism and normal GLUT5 trafficking to the apical membrane. —Patel, C. , Douard, V. , Yu, S. , Gao, N. , Ferraris, R. P. Transport, metabolism, and endosomal trafficking‐dependent regulation of intestinal fructose absorption. FASEB J. 29, 4046‐4058 (2015). www.fasebj. org
Signalling pathway for histamine activation of non‐selective cation channels in equine tracheal myocytes

The signalling pathway underlying histamine activation of non‐selective cation channels was investigated in single equine tracheal myocytes. Application of histamine (100 μM) activated the transient calcium‐activated chloride current (ICl(Ca)) and sustained, low amplitude non‐selective cation current (ICat). The H1 receptor antagonist pyrilamine (10 μM) blocked activation of ICl(Ca) and ICat. Simultaneous application of histamine (100 μM) and caffeine (8 mm) during H1 receptor blockade activated ICl(Ca), but not ICat. Neither the H2 receptor antagonist cimetidine (20 μM) nor the H3 receptor antagonist thioperamide (20 μM) prevented activation of ICl(Ca) and ICat. Intracellular dialysis of anti‐Gαi/Gαo antibodies completely blocked activation of ICat by histamine, whereas ICl(Ca) was not affected. By contrast, anti‐Gαq/Gα11 antibodies greatly inhibited ICl(Ca), but did not alter activation of ICat. 1‐Oleoyl‐2‐acetyl‐sn‐glycerol (OAG, 20–100 μM) did not induce any current or affect currents activated by histamine or methacholine (mACH). Simultaneous application of OAG and caffeine activated ICl(Ca), but not ICat, indicating that a rise in [Ca2+]i and stimulation of diacylglycerol‐sensitive protein kinase C (PKC) is not sufficient to activate ICat. The phospholipase C inhibitor U73122 (2 μM) blocked histamine activation of ICl(Ca) and ICat, but simultaneous exposure of myocytes to histamine and caffeine restored both ICl(Ca) and ICat in the presence of U73122. Histamine and mACH activated currents with equivalent I–V relationships. The currents activated by these agonists were not additive; following activation of ICat by mACH, histamine failed to induce an additional membrane current. Similarly, mACH did not induce an additional current after full activation of ICat by histamine. We conclude that H1 histamine receptors activate ICat through coupling to Gi/Go proteins. Activation of ICat also requires intracellular calcium release, mediated by H1 receptors coupling to Gq/G11 proteins. This coupling is analogous to the activation of ICat by co‐stimulation of M2 and M3 receptors.
Study on the Organizational Boundaries of Competence

Traditional organizational boundaries are challenged in a knowledge-based economy. New boundary conceptions should be developed as the demarcation between the organization and its environments. Analyzing organizational boundaries of competence under dynamic complex environment, the paper describes the organizational boundaries of competence fitting with organizational environment. Based on resource based view of the firm and organizational network theory, resources, network ties and network positions have effect on organizational boundaries of competence which are developed by combining the internal firm capabilities and external resources to enhance organizational performance.
The 2.3-A resolution structure of the maltose- or maltodextrin-binding protein, a primary receptor of bacterial active transport and chemotaxis.

The three-dimensional structure of the maltose- or maltodextrin-binding protein (Mr = 40,622) with bound maltose has been obtained by crystallographic analysis at 2.8-A resolution. The structure, which has been partially refined at 2.3 A, is ellipsoidal with overall dimensions of 30 x 40 x 65 A and divided into two distinct globular domains by a deep groove. Although each domain is built from two peptide segments from the amino- and carboxyl-terminal halves, both domains exhibit similar supersecondary structure, consisting of a central beta-pleated sheet flanked on both sides with two or three parallel alpha-helices. The groove, which has a depth of 18 A and a base of about 9 x 18 A, contains the maltodextrin-binding site. We have previously observed the same general features in the well-refined structures of six other periplasmic receptors with specificities for L-arabinose, D-galactose/D-glucose, sulfate, phosphate, leucine/isoleucine/valine, and leucine. The bound maltose is buried in the groove and almost completely inaccessible to the bulk solvent. The groove is heavily populated by polar and aromatic groups many of which are involved in extensive hydrogen-bonding and van der Waals interactions with the maltose. All the disaccharide hydroxyl groups, which form a peripheral polar surface approximately in the plane of the sugar rings, are tied in a total of 11 direct hydrogen bonds with six charged side chains, one Trp side chain, and one peptide backbone NH, and five indirect hydrogen bonds via water molecules. The maltose is wedged between four aromatic side chains. The resulting stacking of these aromatic residues on the faces of the glucosyl units provides a majority of the van der Waals contacts in the complex. The nonreducing glucosyl unit of the maltose is involved in approximately twice as many hydrogen bonds and van der Waals contacts as the glucosyl unit at the reducing end. The binding protein-maltose complex shows the best example of the extensive use of polar and aromatic residues in binding oligosaccharides. The tertiary structure of the maltodextrin-binding protein, along with the results of genetic studies by a number of investigators, has also enabled us for the first time to map the different regions on the surface of the protein involved in the interactions with the membrane-bound protein components necessary for transport of and chemotaxis toward maltodextrins. These sites permit distinction of the "open cleft" (without bound sugar) and closed (with bound sugar) conformations of the binding protein by the chemotactic signal transducer with which the maltodextrin-binding protein interacts. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Semantic Space Expansion and Refinement

The revolutionary developments in the digital technologies have indicated a requirement for technology, that systematizes the huge images dataset for easy search and retrieval. This yields an essential demand for developing highly effective retrieval systems. Recently, wide-ranging research efforts have been made in the field of annotated images. However, image Annotation can tag by one term, which cannot accurately describe its semantic meaning and is still an open issue. This paper presents Semantic Space Expansion, which magnifies the annotated terms of the image into synonyms as well as with conceptual terms, which covered a wide range of semantics. The synonym terms added from the open knowledge base such as, WordNet while conceptually terms added from the open common-scenes knowledge base of ConceptNet. Due to expansions some of the terms are relevant while some of them are irrelevant from knowledge bases. Semantic Expansion Refinement (SER) is designed to filters relevant terms from the expansion list. The result of the experiments showed successfully enhancement of annotated image terms through tagging ratio and degree of retrieval.
Critical Considerations in Total Communication and an Environmental Intervention Model for the Developmentally Delayed

Total communication is gaining widespread acceptance as an alternative or supplemental form of communication for language delayed hearing children for whom oral language training alone is inadequate. The authors address several issues pertinent to designing environmentally based total communication assessment and training programs. Major issues discussed include (a) Who are the appropriate clients for total communication training? (b) What criteria are useful in selecting a sign system? (c) What linguistic model is appropriate for selecting valid language targets and designing generalization? (d) What adaptations in an oral language teaching program are necessary for a manual mode of communication training? These questions and corollary issues are addressed from theoretical and clinical perspectives.
Reversible Switching of Liquid Crystalline Order Permits Synthesis of Homogeneous Populations of Dipolar Patchy Microparticles

The spontaneous positioning of colloids on the surfaces of micrometer‐sized liquid crystal (LC) droplets and their subsequent polymerization offers the basis of a general and facile method for the synthesis of patchy microparticles. The existence of multiple local energetic minima, however, can generate kinetic traps for colloids on the surfaces of the LC droplets and result in heterogeneous populations of patchy microparticles. To address this issue, herein it is demonstrated that adsorbate‐driven switching of the internal configurations of LC droplets can be used to sweep colloids to a single location on the LC droplet surfaces, thus resulting in the synthesis of homogeneous populations of patchy microparticles. The surface‐driven switching of the LC can be triggered by addition of surfactant or salts, and permits the synthesis of dipolar microparticles as well as “Janus‐like” microparticles. By using magnetic colloids, the utility of the approach is illustrated by synthesizing magnetically responsive patchy microdroplets of LC with either dipolar or quadrupolar symmetry that exhibit distinct optical responses upon application of an external magnetic field.
A Miniaturized Dual-Band MIMO Antenna for WLAN Applications

This letter reports on a compact planar dual-band Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) applications. The proposed antenna primarily consists of two meandered monopole radiators that are decoupled by introducing a folded Y-shape isolator element and it is shown that the edge coupling between the radiators and isolator introduces the resonance at the lower band. The miniaturization is achieved by passing the signal on to the bottom layer where a meandered line conductor introduces a broadside coupling with the radiator, originating the higher band resonance. The antenna operates between 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz and 5.45 GHz to 5.65 GHz with an isolation of more than 25 dB and 15 dB, respectively. The antenna measures only 19 ×23 mm2.
Voltage‐gated sodium channels: Action players with many faces

Voltage‐gated sodium channels are responsible for the upstroke of the action potential and thereby play an important role in propagation of the electrical impulse in excitable tissues like muscle, nerve and the heart. Duplication of the sodium channels encoding genes during evolution generated the sodium channel gene family with the different isoforms differing in biophysical properties and tissue distribution. In this review article, mutations in these genes leading to various inherited disorders are discussed.
Contact contamination and arc interactions

Contact contamination is a major problem for all types of contacts but is more complex for arcing contacts as a result of arc interactions with the contact surface and contaminants. The paper describes arc interactions with mineral particulate and resultant resistances. The complexities of silicone film contamination, migration, and silicon oxide build up are described. The paper also describes the effect of difference automotive loads on silicone reactions. Special arc reactions that occur as a result of silver refractory metal oxidation potential are discussed. For silver contacts, the reasons for high and unstable resistances for DC inductive load applications are discussed. The paper is mainly a review with some added new material.
A Driving Method of Pixel Circuit Using a-IGZO TFT for Suppression of Threshold Voltage Shift in AMLED Displays

A driving method of pixel circuit using amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistor (TFT) is proposed to improve the image quality of active matrix light-emitting diode displays. The proposed pixel circuit employs a diode-connected structure to compensate for variation in threshold voltage (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\sf {th}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) of the a-IGZO TFT. In addition, the proposed driving method adopts negative bias annealing to suppress the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\sf {th}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> shift. The annealing time is optimized based on the experimental observation of the minimum <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\sf {th}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> shift. After a stress time of 30000 s, the measurement results show that the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\sf {th}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> shift is reduced by 29.6%, using an optimized annealing time of 5% of one frame time. In addition, the maximum deviation in the emission current using the proposed driving method was measured to be less than 4.32% after a stress time of 30000 s.
Airway inflammation and occurrence of delayed bronchoconstriction in exercise-induced asthma.

We studied nine asthmatic patients with a history of exercise-induced asthma (EIA) in order to investigate whether inflammatory changes in the airways occur after exercise and are eventually associated with the development of a late-phase asthmatic response. On two separate study days, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), bronchial lavage (BL), and bronchial biopsy (BB) were performed 3 h after an exercise or a methacholine (MCh) challenge. On two other separate occasions, FEV1 was monitored for 12 h after identical exercise and MCh challenges not followed by BAL, BL, and BB. We found a greater percentage of eosinophils in BAL after exercise versus MCh challenge (p < 0.05). In five patients, BAL eosinophils after exercise were > or = 2% of total inflammatory and immunoeffector cells. In three of these patients an FEV1 fall > 20% of control was recorded 5 to 12 h after exercise. However, two of these patients had 2% or more eosinophils in BAL and similar late falls of FEV1 after MCh challenge. The percentage of degranulating mast cells in BB was higher (p < 0.05) after EIA than after MCh, but no significant differences were found in BL histamine and leukotrienes. We conclude that (1) exercise may enhance mast cell degranulation and eosinophilic inflammation of the airways, and (2) a delayed bronchoconstriction after exercise is not specific to EIA but is more likely the result of fluctuations in lung function associated with airway inflammation.
The Development of Selective Copying: Children's Learning From an Expert Versus Their Mother.

This study tested the prediction that, with age, children should rely less on familiarity and more on expertise in their selective social learning. Experiment 1 (N = 50) found that 5- to 6-year-olds copied the technique their mother used to extract a prize from a novel puzzle box, in preference to both a stranger and an established expert. This bias occurred despite children acknowledging the expert model's superior capability. Experiment 2 (N = 50) demonstrated a shift in 7- to 8-year-olds toward copying the expert. Children aged 9-10 years did not copy according to a model bias. The findings of a follow-up study (N = 30) confirmed that, instead, they prioritized their own-partially flawed-causal understanding of the puzzle box.
A Model-driven Approach to Secure Development Lifecycle ?

Building security into software development lifecycles and doing it right is hard. To address the challenge, several prominent organizations have published process-oriented security guidelines to bring security activities into a structured way. Often they are too verbose and fuzzy to be implementable in a development lifecycle involving people with different skillsets. In this paper, we propose the model-driven secure development lifecycle (MD-SDL), an approach that leverages on modeling methods and the advances in model-driven security to simplify the process of efficiently integrating security into development lifecycles.
Adequacy of Using a Three-Item Questionnaire to Determine Zygosity in Chinese Young Twins

The present study examined the adequacy of a three-item parent questionnaire in determining the zygosity of young Chinese twins and whether there was any association between parent response accuracy and some demographic variables. The sample consisted of 334 pairs of same-sex Chinese twins aged from 3 to 11 years. Three scoring methods, namely the summed score, logistic regression, and decision tree, were employed to evaluate parent response accuracy of twin zygosity based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) information. The results showed that all three methods achieved high level of accuracy ranging from 91 to 93 % which was comparable to the accuracy rates in previous Chinese twin studies. Correlation results also showed that the higher the parents’ education level or the family income was, the more likely parents were able to tell correctly that their twins are identical or fraternal. The present findings confirmed the validity of using a threeitem parent questionnaire to determine twin zygosity in a Chinese school-aged twin sample.
Aquaporin-2 Levels in vitro and in vivo are Regulated by VACM-1, a Cul 5 Gene

Background: In the renal collecting duct, vasopressin regulates water permeability by a process that involves stimulation of adenylyl cyclase activity, cAMP production and subsequent translocation of water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP2) into the apical plasma membrane. We have previously shown that in cos 1 cells in vitro, both adenylyl cyclase activity and cAMP production can be regulated by VACM-1, a cul 5 gene that forms complexes involved in protein ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Methods: To extend these observations further, the effects of changes in hydration state on the expression of VACM-1 at the mRNA and the protein level were examined in rats deprived of water (WD) for 24 hrs. Results: In the kidney of WD rats Western blot analyses of kidney tissue showed that the decrease in VACM-1 protein concentration was correlated with the increase in the AQP2 protein level. The immunostaining data suggested that VACM-1/cul5 may be decreased in renal collecting duct but increases in the vasculature of the inner medullary region in response to WD. To determine the possible consequences of the WD dependent decrease in VACM-1/cul5, we next examined the effects of VACM-1 expression on AQP2 protein in vitro. Immunocytochemistry and Western blot analyses data indicate that VACM-1/cul5 expression in MDCK line stably expressing AQP2 gene and in cos 1 cells co-transfected with the AQP2 and VACM-1/cul5 cDNAs decreased AQP2 protein concentration when compared to the vector transfected control groups. Conclusion: In summary, our data demonstrate that VACM-1 is involved in the regulation of AQP2 protein concentration and may play a role in regulating water balance.
Renal Tubular Acidosis Associated With Zonisamide Therapy

PURPOSE We sought to report a previously undescribed adverse effect, renal tubular acidosis associated with zonisamide (ZNS) therapy. METHODS Ammonium chloride, bicarbonate, and furosemide loading tests were performed in an epileptic patient with metabolic acidosis and episodic hypokalemia who was treated with ZNS. RESULTS Distal renal tubular acidosis was diagnosed. On reexamination 7 weeks after ZNS had been replaced with phenytoin, the renal tubular acidosis disappeared. CONCLUSIONS This case indicates, for the first time, that ZNS might be a potential cause of renal tubular acidosis. Blood gases and serum electrolytes should be measured in patients undergoing ZNS therapy.
Design-for-ESD-reliability for high-frequency I/O interface circuits in deep-submicron CMOS technology

This paper reports the effect of electrostatic discharge (ESD) induced impedance mismatch on the performance degradation in high speed I/O interfaces. The impedance mismatch after ESD stressing is explained by on-chip termination resistance distortion. From the circuit-level ESD simulation and experimental results. ESD induced termination resistance degradation should be taken into consideration in the design of the high speed I/O circuits. Proposed design optimization methods of on-chip termination resistors provide sufficient safeguard against ESD damage and improve I/O signal integrity.
“I'd Rather Be Doing Something Else:” Male Resistance to Rape Prevention Programs

Although scholars have argued that sexual assault is a growing crisis on college campuses, there are few studies that highlight the ways in which college men communicate their feelings about sexual assault education. This pilot study fills that void by highlighting college male students' voices. Using open-ended questions and thematic analysis, the authors noted how respondents confirmed and contradicted earlier findings. The authors conclude by offering future directions for prevention educators and gender studies teacher-scholars.
Phosphorylation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors by protein kinase B/Akt inhibits Ca2+ release and apoptosis

Imbalance of signals that control cell survival and death results in pathologies, including cancer and neurodegeneration. Two pathways that are integral to setting the balance between cell survival and cell death are controlled by lipid-activated protein kinase B (PKB)/Akt and Ca2+. PKB elicits its effects through the phosphorylation and inactivation of proapoptotic factors. Ca2+ stimulates many prodeath pathways, among which is mitochondrial permeability transition. We identified Ca2+ release through inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP3R) intracellular channels as a prosurvival target of PKB. We demonstrated that in response to survival signals, PKB interacts with and phosphorylates InsP3Rs, significantly reducing their Ca2+ release activity. Moreover, phosphorylation of InsP3Rs by PKB reduced cellular sensitivity to apoptotic stimuli through a mechanism that involved diminished Ca2+ flux from the endoplasmic reticulum to the mitochondria. In glioblastoma cells that exhibit hyperactive PKB, the same prosurvival effect of PKB on InsP3R was found to be responsible for the insensitivity of these cells to apoptotic stimuli. We propose that PKB-mediated abolition of InsP3-induced Ca2+ release may afford tumor cells a survival advantage.