Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Authentication Transmission Overhead Between Entities in Mobile Networks

This paper analyses the authentication and key agreement (AKA) protocol for UMTS mobile networks, where a new authentication protocol which is able to reduce the network traffic and signaling message between entities, and consequently the bottleneck at authentication centre is avoided, this is achieved by reducing the number of messages between mobile and authentication centre, and then reducing the authentication times and setup time as well as improveing authentication efficiency as shown in numerical analysis and simulation results. In this paper we propose dynamic length (L) for an array for authentication vector (AV). This required designing new technique to predict the numbers of records in AV in each authentication data request depending on the to arrival rate of authentication events and residence time of MS in VLR/SGSN. The proposed AKA with dynamic L for AV is compared with the current AKA with fixed length for AV.
Validation of the second version of a quantitative food-frequency questionnaire for use in Western Mali

Abstract Objective: To assess the relative validity of the second version of a quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (QFFQ), designed to measure the habitual food and nutrient intake in one season in rural populations in Western Mali, West Africa. Design: The dietary intake during the previous week was assessed with the 164-item QFFQ administered by interview. This was compared with the intake from a 2-day weighed record (WR) with weighed recipes. Setting: The village of Ouassala in the Kayes region, Western Mali. Subjects: Thirty-four women and 36 men aged 15–45 years, from 29 households. Results: The QFFQ gave a lower intake of lunch and dinner and a higher intake of snacks than the WR. The discrepancies were larger for women than for men. The median proportion of subjects classified in the same quartile of intake was 29% for food groups and 36% for energy and nutrients. For classification into extreme opposite quartiles, the median proportion was 6% for food groups and 7% for energy and nutrients. Spearman's rank correlation for energy and nutrients ranged from 0.16 (% energy from protein) to 0.62 (retinol equivalents). Conclusions: The second version of the QFFQ tends to underestimate total food weight. The methods used for estimating food portion size should therefore be applied with caution. The changes made from the first version had little effect. The ability to rank subjects according to dietary intake is similar with both versions. The improved layout of the new QFFQ makes it a more user-friendly tool for comparing dietary intake between population groups and for measuring changes over time.
Enabling motivated believable agents with reinforcement learning

A key challenge in programming video games is to produce agents that are autonomous and capable of action selections that appear believable. In this paper, motivations are used as a basis for learning using reinforcements. With motives driving the decisions of agents, their actions will appear less structured and repetitious, and more human in nature. This will also allow developers to easily create game agents with specific motivations, based mostly on their narrative purposes. With minimum and maximum desirable motive values, the agents use reinforcement learning to maximize their rewards across all motives. Results show that an agent can learn to satisfy as many as four motives, even with significantly delayed rewards, and motive changes that are caused by other agents. While the actions tested are simple in nature, they show the potential of a more complicated motivation driven reinforcement learning system. The game developer need only define an agent's motivations, based on the game narrative, and the agent will learn to act realistically as the game progresses.
Information search process of lawyers: a call for 'just for me' information services

The study reported in this paper is part of a programme of ongoing research based on the model of the Information Search Process (ISP) developed in a series of prior studies by Kuhlthau. This study sought to gain a better understanding of the variety of tasks that involve lawyers as a particular group of information workers, how they use information to accomplish their work, and the role mediators play in their process of information seeking and use. Findings revealed that these lawyers frequently were involved in complex tasks that required a constructive process of interpreting, learning and creating. To accomplish these complex tasks, they preferred printed texts over computer databases primarily because computer databases required well‐specified requests and did not offer an option for examining a wide range of information at one time. These lawyers called for an active potential role for mediators in ‘just for me’ services. ‘Just for me’ services would encompass designing systems to provide a wider range of access more compatible with the process of construction, applying and developing principles of classification that would offer a more uniform system for organising and accessing files, and providing direction in filtering the overwhelming amount of information available on electronic resources.
THE EFFECT OF CUSTOMER TRUST ON CUSTOMER LOYALTY AND REPURCHASE INTENTION : THE MODERATING INFLUENCE OF PERCEIVED CSR

The objective of the current study is to investigate the cause and effect relationship between the Customer Trust, Customer Loyalty, & repurchase intention where the role of Perceived CSR had to be checked. The data were collected from various demographic populations in India through self made and modified questionnaire. Two constructs were adapted from prior conducted studies which were modified according to making them fit for the current study. Collected data from various demographics were analyzed using Croanbach’s alpha reliability and Factor analysis test using IBM SPSS 21. Hierarchical regression was employed to know the moderation effect of perceived CSR among Customer trust, customer loyalty and repurchase intention. The results of Hirerihal regression reveal the significant relationship between Customer trust and Repurchase intention, but when perceived CSR is used as moderator between customer trust and customer loyalty so the relationship become stronger. The results of the current study also revel the strong positive relationship between Customer trust and re-purchase intention, but when perceived CSR is used as moderator the relationship between customer trust and re-purchase intention become stronger. The result of the current also show the strong and positive relationship between customer loyalty and repurchase intention and it was found positive, but when perceived CSR is used as moderate or the relationship become again strongers. International Journal of Research in IT, Management and Engineering ISSN 2249-1619, Impact Factor: 5.309, Volume 5, Issue 4, April 2015 Website: www.indusedu. org E-mail id:editorindus@gmail.com Page 2 Key WordsCustomer Trust, Customer Loyalty, Hierarchial regression, Perceived CSR and Repurchase Intention.
Identical twins are discordant for markers of eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage.

This study investigated whether the variability observed in the markers of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) has a genetic etiology. Sixteen pairs of identical twins performed 24 maximal eccentric contractions (24MAX) using the elbow flexors. EIMD indicators were measured pre-24MAX and three days post-24MAX and included: post-exercise force deficit, maximal isometric force (ISO), plasma creatine kinase (CK), myoglobin (Mb), and joint range of motion. Force-time curves were recorded throughout the 24MAX. Twin siblings were alike for pre-exercise ISO (intraclass R = 0.89) and CK (R = 0.76) (p < 0.001), but were discordant for post-exercise force deficit (R = 0.29), CK (R = 0.15), and Mb (R = 0.17) (p > 0.05). In comparison with individuals minimally affected by the 24MAX, those who experienced the greatest force deficit 3 days post-exercise (> 50 %) were characterised by the greater application of eccentric force at longer muscle lengths (23.1 % vs 17.3 %) (p < 0.05). This study demonstrates that twins do not experience the same level of EIMD following identical exercise bouts. This suggests that the individual variability following high-force eccentric exercise cannot be attributed to genetic differences, refuting the idea that an inherited subclinical predisposition is responsible. From these results, a potential mechanism for the repeated bout effect is discussed.
RPA facilitates rejoining of DNA double-strand breaks in an in vitro assay utilizing genomic DNA as substrate

Purpose : Replication protein-A (RPA) is a heterotrimeric single-stranded DNA-binding protein playing essential roles in many aspects of nucleic acid metabolism, including DNA replication, nucleotide excision repair and homologous recombination. Here, the role of RPA in the rejoining of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) by non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) was investigated. Methods and materials : A previously described in vitro assay for DSB rejoining was employed. The assay used 'naked' genomic DNA prepared from agarose-embedded G 1 -phase A549 cells as a substrate and extracts prepared from HeLa cells as a source of enzymes. Rejoining of DSB in this assay is absolutely dependent on cell extract and proceeds, under optimal reaction conditions, to an extent similar to that observed in intact cells. For experiments, extracts were supplemented with excess purified recombinant RPA. Alternatively, RPA was removed from the extracts either by fractionation or immunodepletion. Results : Although the rejoining of DSB in vitro was not absolutely dependent on RPA, it proceeded faster and to higher levels of completion when recombinant protein was added to the extracts. Depletion of RPA from extracts reduced the rejoining half-times and addition of purified recombinant protein restored the kinetics of DSB rejoining. Extract fractionation indicated the operation of at least two pathways in DSB rejoining, only one of which was facilitated by RPA. Conclusions : The results suggest that in addition to its role in homologous recombination, RPA may also have a supportive role in some forms of non-homologous end-joining.
Evaluation of Criteria for the Activity of Crohn’s Disease by Power Doppler Sonography

Background/Aim: In recent years, power Doppler sonography has been proposed as a method to assess disease activity in patients with Crohn’s disease. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate diagnostic criteria for power Doppler sonography by blinded comparison with ileocolonoscopy. Methods: Twenty-two patients with confirmed Crohn’s disease were prospectively investigated with B-mode and power Doppler sonography (HDI 5000, Philips Ultrasound) as well as ileocolonoscopy. Sonography was performed within 3 days before endoscopy. All procedures were performed by experienced examiners who were blinded to the clinical data and other results. Defined ultrasound parameters (bowel wall thickness, vascularization pattern) were used to determine a sonographic score of the activity. The degree of activity was scored from 1 (none) to 4 (high) by both ultrasound and ileocolonoscopy (pattern, extent of typical lesions). For each patient all segments of the colon and the terminal ileum were evaluated by both ultrasound and endoscopy. The weighted ĸ test was used (StatXact software) for statistical analysis. Results: In total, 126 bowel segments were evaluated by both ultrasound and endoscopy. The study showed a high concordance of power Doppler sonography and ileocolonoscopy (weighted ĸ by region: sigmoid colon: 0.81; transverse colon: 0.78; ascending colon: 0.75; cecum: 0.84; terminal ileum: 0.82). Highest concordance was found in the descending colon (weighted ĸ: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.83–0.98). Conclusions: Combination of B-mode and power Doppler sonography has a high accuracy in the determination of disease activity in Crohn’s disease when compared to ileocolonoscopy. The diagnostic criteria established in this study can be useful for the evaluation of inflammatory bowel diseases by ultrasound.
Second generation antipsychotics in Asperger's Disorder and high functioning autism: a systematic review of the literature and effectiveness of meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE Second generation antipsychotics (SGA) have gained increased evidence for the treatment of irritability and aggression in children and adolescents with lower functioning autistic disorder. Individuals with Asperger's Disorder (AD) and High Functioning Autism (HFA) experience significant emotional and behavioral problems and psychiatric comorbidity. There is a need to review the published literature on SGA treatment efficacy in the AD and HFA populations to provide more effective treatment choices for these subgroups. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the recent English literature on SGA use in children and adolescents (ages 0-24 years) with AD and HFA using the Medline/PubMed and PsychINFO computerized databases. Key search words were 'Asperger', 'high functioning autism', 'autism spectrum disorders (ASD)', and 'pervasive developmental disorder (PDD)' in combination with 'second generation antipsychotics', 'aripiprazole; 'olanzapine', 'quetiapine', 'risperidone', or 'ziprasidone'. RESULTS Our search yielded 214 citations, however only open-label or randomized-controlled trials (RCT) with ≥25% of their subjects having an IQ≥71 were included in our review. Eleven original studies met our inclusion parameters for review; eight studies for the meta-analysis. These studies, although limited in methodological rigor, and the meta-analytic results suggest that SGAs provide improvement in behavioral symptoms associated with AD and HFA. The majority of the studies reported weight gain as a potentially concerning adverse effect. CONCLUSION There is a lack of robustly conducted trials on the use of SGAs in the management of AD and HFA. More research in pharmacological and psychosocial treatments is warranted. Clinicians are cautioned to approach pharmacological treatment prudently balancing benefit with potential cardiometabolic risk.
Mediación parental del uso de internet por niños

Resumo Investigou-se a mediacao parental de pais universitarios brasileiros (n=50) para guiar o uso da internet pelos filhos de 7 a 12 anos, partindo da hipotese de que as crencas relacionadas a esse uso interferem no tipo de mediacao adotada. Um questionario fechado foi aplicado, e os resultados indicam que os respondentes, em media com 28 anos (± 8.58), recorrem a um tipo de mediacao mista, caracterizado tanto pela estipulacao de regras quanto pela supervisao, conversa e acompanhamento das atividades do filho na internet, embora demonstrem preferencia pelo uso da mediacao ativa e do uso acompanhado. Verificou-se que pais que mais conversam e orientam tambem aplicam mais regras para o uso da internet pelos filhos, entretanto as crencas parecem nao afetar o tipo de mediacao utilizada. Tal resultado precisa ser relativizado, uma vez que se trata de um estudo-piloto, mas aponta para necessidade de mais estudos sobre o tema. Palavras-chave: Criancas. Internet. Mediacao parental. Crencas parentais.
Problem Description: Reasons For Performing Context Transfers Between Nodes in an IP Access Network

In IP access networks that support host mobility, the routing paths between the host and the network may change frequently and rapidly. In some cases, the host may establish certain context transfer candidate services on subnets that are left behind when the host moves. Examples of such services are Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA), header compression, and Quality of Service (QoS). In order for the host to obtain those services on the new subnet, the host must explicitly re-establish the service by performing the necessary signaling flows from scratch. In some cases, this process would considerably slow the process of establishing the mobile host on the new subnet. An alternative is to transfer information on the existing state associated with these services, or context, to the new subnet, a process called "context transfer". This document discusses the desirability of context transfer for facilitating seamless IP mobility.
Antioxidant deficit and enhanced susceptibility to oxidative damage in individuals with different forms of α‐thalassaemia

α‐Thalassaemia is a common red cell disorder in Taiwan, affecting 6–8% of Taiwanese. Previous studies have shown that reactive oxygen species are generated in increased amounts in thalassaemic red cells. This implies the possible alteration of redox status in thalassaemic patients, which may adversely affect their health. In the present study, the redox status of patients with α‐thalassaemia trait and haemoglobin H (Hb H) disease was investigated. Lipid peroxidation, as measured by the level of plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), was increased in α‐thalassaemic patients, with the highest level of TBARS in Hb H disease patient. The plasma levels of vitamin A, C, and E were significantly lower in α‐thalassaemic patients than in controls. The overall antioxidant capacity in plasma was inversely correlated with the severity of α‐globin gene defect: the more severe the form of α‐thalassaemia, the lower the overall antioxidant capacity in plasma. Erythrocytes isolated from α‐thalassaemia patients had lower levels of vitamin E, glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase. In addition, these α‐thalassaemic red cells were more susceptible to hydrogen peroxide‐induced lipid peroxidation and decrease in deformability. All these data suggest that the α‐thalassaemic patients suffer from increased oxidative stress and antioxidant deficit, which may complicate the pathophysiology of α‐thalassaemia.
Interleukin 7 is produced by murine and human keratinocytes

Interleukin 7 (IL-7) was originally identified as a growth factor for B cell progenitors, and subsequently has been shown to exert proliferative effects on T cell progenitors and mature peripheral T cells as well. Constitutive IL-7 mRNA expression so far had been demonstrated in bone marrow stromal cell lines, thymus, spleen, and among nonlymphoid tissues in liver and kidney. Here we show that both murine and human keratinocytes express IL-7 mRNA and release IL-7 protein in biologically relevant amounts. The physiological or pathological relevance of keratinocyte-derived IL-7 is presently unknown. Our finding that keratinocytes can produce IL-7 in concert with reports that IL-7 is a growth factor for in vivo primed antigen- specific T cells, as well as for T lymphoma cells suggests, however, that keratinocyte-derived IL-7 is important in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases and cutaneous T cell lymphoma.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus R11 Consumed in a Food Supplement Survived Human Digestive Transit without Modifying Microbiota Equilibrium as Assessed by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival of Lactobacillus rhamnosus R11 and Lactobacillus acidophilus R52 in the human digestive tract and their effects on the microbiota homeostasis. We designed an open human trial including 14 healthy volunteers. A 3-week exclusion period of fermented products was followed by a 12-day consumption period of 4 capsules daily containing 2 × 109L. rhamnosus R11 and 1 × 108L. acidophilus R52, and a 12-day wash-out period. The 2 strains and dominant bacterial groups of the microbiota were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. At the end of the capsule consumption period, high levels of L. rhamnosus R11 were detected in faecal samples from all volunteers, reaching a mean value of 7.1 log10 colony-forming unit (CFU) equivalents/g of stool. L. acidophilus R52 was detected in the stools of only 1 volunteer, reaching a maximum level of 6.1 log10 CFU equivalents/g of stool. Dilution plating enumerations performed in parallel provided less consistent and generally lower levels. No significant effect of capsule consumption was observed on microbiota homeostasis for the dominant faecal populations. Mean values of 8.8, 9.2, 9.9 and 10.6 log10 CFU equivalents/g of stool were obtained for the Clostridium coccoides, Bifidobacterium sp. , Bacteroides sp. and Clostridium leptum groups, respectively.
A Fully Integrated MIMO Multiband Direct Conversion CMOS Transceiver for WLAN Applications (802.11n)

802.11n is the latest offering from the IEEE standard committee tasked with enabling and enhancing WLAN systems. This standard utilizes several techniques to offer a much larger rate versus range than the legacy WLAN systems. A single-chip multiband direct-conversion CMOS MIMO transceiver (2times2) targeted for WLAN applications is presented. This transceiver is capable of satisfying the requirements of the draft 802.1 In standard and achieves PHY rates of > 270 Mb/s. The receivers and transmitters achieve an EVM of better than -41 dB (0.9%) and -40 dB (1.0%) operating in legacy g and a modes, respectively. From a 1.8 V supply and with both cores operating, the chip draws 275 mA in RX mode and 280 mA in TX mode.
Paternity analysis of alternative male reproductive routes among the langurs (Semnopithecus entellus) of Ramnagar

Because primate males usually invest very little in offspring, male reproductive success will mainly be determined by access to fertile females with differences in access leading to differential male reproductive success. To determine the outcome of alternative male reproductive routes, we investigated a wild population of Hanuman langurs at Ramnagar, South Nepal, where groups were either one-male or multimale. Paternity was established by DNA analysis from faeces for 42 infants in five groups. In one-male groups all infants were sired by the only resident male in the group. In multimale groups the alpha male fathered significantly more infants (57%) than all other resident males. Nonresident males sired at least 21% of all infants born into multimale groups. Because of the lower mean number of infants sired by alpha males during their whole tenure as alpha compared with males in one-male groups (2.3 versus 6.8) and the higher maximum value (8.9 versus 6.0), the alpha male route is considered the riskier option. Based on demographic data we suggest that the considerable variance in short-term reproductive success might not translate to the same degree into differences in long-term reproductive success. Copyright 2001 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.