Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS ON THE EXPRESSION OF STEM SOLIDNESS IN CANUCK WHEAT AT FOUR LOCATIONS IN SOUTHWESTERN SASKATCHEWAN

Canuck wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was given three fertilizer treatments (0–0, 10–40, and 100–20 kg/ha of nitrogen and phosphorus) at the time of seeding at each of four locations in southwestern Saskatchewan. Culms were split longitudinally and the length of each internode lumen filled with pith was both calculated as a percentage and rated on a scale from 1 to 5. The mean squares for locations, internodes, location × treatment, and location × internode were significant for both methods of determining stem solidness. The fertilizer treatments had no significant effect on the expression of stem solidness. Weather at a location had a greater effect on the development of pith in an internode than did the fertilizer treatments. The relative fluctuations of stem solidness were similar among internodes even though the absolute percentage of stem solidness differed significantly among internodes. Internode length increased progressively from the base of the culm to the peduncle without evidence of a relationsh.
Post‐Planting Treatments Increase Growth of Oregon White Oak (Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook.) Seedlings

The extent of Oregon white oak woodland and savanna ecosystems in the U.S. Pacific Northwest has diminished significantly during the past century due to land use changes and fire suppression. Planting Oregon white oak seedlings is often necessary when restoring these plant communities. Our objective was to determine the efficacy of post‐planting treatments for establishing Oregon white oak seedlings on sites characterized by low growing season precipitation and coarse‐textured soils. We evaluated the effects of control of competing vegetation, tree shelters, fertilization, irrigation, and planting date on growth of planted seedlings. Survival was generally high (90%), but growth rate varied substantially among treatments. Plastic mulch increased soil water content and increased annual seedling height growth by an average of 56% relative to one‐time manual removal of competing vegetation. Solid‐walled tree shelters reduced browse damage and increased mean annual height growth compared to mesh shelters and no shelter by averages of 7.5 and 10.9 cm, respectively. Controlled‐release fertilizer applied at planting did not consistently increase seedling growth. Weekly irrigation (3.8 L/seedling) increased first‐year seedling growth only where mulch also was applied. Seedlings planted by late February had greater root growth by summer than those planted in early April. Soil water management was necessary for best seedling growth, and the improved height growth in solid‐walled tree shelters allowed the terminal shoot to grow more quickly above the height of animal browse. Our results indicate effective methods for establishing Oregon white oak seedlings, but these results may also be applicable to establishment of other tree species on similarly droughty sites.
Creatine Kinase and the Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction

It is well established that serum creatine kinase (CK) is a sensitive index of myocardial damage. The test is very widely used in the routine diagnosis of myocardial infarction, although it is recognized to lack specificity for the myocardium. The MB isoenzyme of CK (CK-MB) is more heart-specific, but is more difficult to measure accurately. Furthermore, many of the methods are, to a greater or lesser extent, unsatisfactory and may cause misleading results. The role of creatine kinase in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction has been reviewed previously [1-4]. The present review will not attempt to cover in detail the same ground, but will emphasize those aspects that are of current interest and those areas where the literature is confusing; for example, the CK-MB content of various body tissues or the relative merits of different methods of CK-MB measurement. In these areas, where reports in the literature cannot be reconciled with one another, I shall tend to present a personal view based on the experience in this laboratory. Enzymes other than CK will only be mentioned briefly, to bring their contribution to the diagnosis of myocardial infarction into perspective. Similarly, methodology will be discussed only to the extent that it is necessary to know about the methods and their drawbacks, if results of serum enzyme measurements are to be interpreted correctly. The overall emphasis of this review will be on practical clinical aspects of the use of CK and its isoenzymes in the diagnosis and management of patients who have had a myocardial infarction, or in whom this diagnosis requires either to be confirmed or excluded.
Release of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis in Swedish Soil

A streptomycin-resistant strain of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (BtN14) was released in a field experiment and the effect on the indigenous bacterial flora was analyzed. A minor, transient increase of the concentration of B. thuringiensis/cereus-like bacteria was detected. The released strain was able to establish itself at a low number, but the total concentration of B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis was not affected. BtN14 was detected outside the release site, but decreased to a concentration below the detection limit (20 cfu g−1 soil) at the end of the test period. Laboratory experiments showed that the released strain can grow in non-sterilized as well as sterilized soil, but that growth was very slow and transient in non-sterilized soil. Seven weeks after release, no remaining effects on the total bacterial population could be detected.
THE ETHMOIDAL REGION OF DIBAMUS TAYLORI (SQUAMATA : DIBAMIDAE), WITH A PHYLOGENETIC HYPOTHESIS ON DIBAMID RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN SQUAMATA

Abstract The nasal capsule and nasal sac of Dibamus taylori are described based on a plate reconstruction of serially sectioned material and are compared with several other squamate taxa. The ethmoidal region of D. taylori is characterized by a short nasal vestibule, a well developed concha, a much reduced and nearly functionless Jacobson's organ, an incomplete nasal roof, and a true nasopharyngeal duct with a complicated secondary palate. Cartilaginous and epithelial structures of the ethmoidal region provide many informative and useful characters for a phylogenetic analysis. Different anatomical features of D. taylori are compared with other burrowing forms ( Acontias meleagris , Anniella, pulchra Voetzkowia mira , Feylinia currori ) and discussed functionally and phylogenetically. Phylogenetic analysis of all higher squamate taxa using 144 available data derived from many regions of the body indicates relative relationships as (((Dibamidae, Amphisbaenia) Serpentes) Scleroglossa).
Short term feeding responses to starvation in three species of small calanoid copepods

Three small, neritic copepods (Acartia tonsa, Acartia clausi, and Centropayes harnatus) were exposed to short term (1 to 14 h) periods without food and their clearance over 2 h was measured. Clearance rates in controls consisting of copepods continuously exposed to 3500 cells ml-' of the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii were 1.15 ml pg ' dry wt d-' for A. tonsa, 0.65 Ior A. clausi and 0.35 for C. hamatus. When moved from filtered sea water to a suspension of 3500 T weissflogii ml-l, A. tonsa showed elevated (compared to controls) clearance rates after having been deprived of food for 6 h (+? 7%) and 14 h (+44 %). A. clausi only responded after 14 h of starvation (+60%) whereas C. hamatus showed a moderate response after 6 h without food (+14%). In day-night comparisons with A. tonsa, elevated clearance rates were significantly higher only dunng the day. Frequent estimates of clearance rates (20 mln ~ntervals) showed that the stimulating effect of food deprivation only lasted 1 h in the case of 1 h of starvatlon but lasted more than 3 h after 14 h without food. Small species like the ones investigated here have more restricted vert~cal migrat~on and may not leave the food-rich surface layer to avoid predation, as is commonly found in larger copepods. Instead, they have to balance food intake with predator avoidance col~iilluousiy. The hiizgc: :-csponses 00ser\rerl in t h e study inav allow the copepods to intermittently search for food or avoid predators and still maintain the same overall ingestion rate as constantly feeding animals.
Isolation of hydrocarbonoclastic denitrifying bacteria from berre microbial mats

Abstract Facultative anaerobic bacteria were isolated from the chronically polluted sediment from the Berre Lagoon after amendment with nitrate and octadecane or pristane. Seventy-one isolates were tested for their potential to utilize nitrate under anaerobic conditions and to degrade aerobically hydrocarbons using a new agar plate test. The electrophoretic mobility of each amplified 16S rDNA fragment was performed by DGGE and each isolate was affiliated to a phylotype. Most of the isolates were denitrifiers or at least nitrate reducers and some heterogeneity of nitrate utilization among a 16S rDNA phylotype was observed. The addition of hydrocarbons resulted in a drastic change in the structure of the isolated strains. Most hydrocarbon potential degraders were restricted to few 16S rDNA phylotypes that remained or appeared between the two steps of the isolation procedure.
Functional anatomy of the female reproductive systems of two spider crabs (Decapoda, Majoidea)

To better understand the mating systems of majoid crabs, we studied the functional anatomy of the female reproductive systems of the spider crabs Leurocyclus tuberculosus and Libinia spinosa, comparing them with those of other Majoidea. Adult females were measured and dissected, and their reproductive systems described macroscopically and histologically. In females of both species, the seminal receptacles are paired globular structures of ecto-mesodermal origin. The mesoderm-derived region is lined by a stratified epithelium. The anchoring, proliferative, and secretory strata are clearly recognizable. The ectoderm-derived region is lined by a simple cylindrical epithelium underlying a cuticle that increases in thickness toward the vagina. The transition between the ectoderm and mesoderm-derived regions is abrupt, with differences between the studied species: Li. spinosa has a “velum,” whereas Le. tuberculosus presents prominent “folds. ” In both species, the position in which the oviduct is connected to the seminal receptacles is intermediate between the dorsal and ventral types previously described in other eubrachyurans. The seminal receptacles of the studied species show four different conditions, which can be distinguished macroscopically based on their shape and amount of sperm stored. We compare our data with those from other Majoidea in an attempt to determine whether the morphology of the seminal receptacles is related to different mating strategies or behaviors.
Time Lag in Population Growth Response of Isochrysis Galbana to a Variable Nitrate Environment

Non—steady—state population growth equations are presented for Isochrysis galbana growing in a nitrate limited chemostat. It is necessary to introduce a more general response function in place of the customary time—lag parameter to describe the observed population growth. The model successfully predicts the population growth over two experiments, one of 56 and another of 80 days, under a variety of dynamic and steady—state growth conditions. The increasing instability at lower growth rates, shown by both the data and the growth equations, indicates that steady—state growth equations may not be adequate in at least some natural environments. See full-text article at JSTOR
Bounds Testing Approaches to the Analysis of Macroeconomic Relationships In Nigeria

The main objective of the paper is to estimate the dynamic interrelation among the macroeconomic variables viz., real output, money supply, government expenditure, inflation, exchange rate, interest rate, trade openness and financial deepening using annual data for Nigeria covering the period from 1970 to 2013 using ARDL approach to cointegration. The bounds test revealed that there exists a long-run relation between real output, money supply, interest rate and exchange rate when the price and financial deepening variables were the dependent variables. However, reverse cointegration relationships were not found when real output, money supply, government expenditure, exchange rate, interest rate and trade openness were the dependent variables. This study finds feedback effect from the short run dynamics between government spending and money supply, trade openness and government spending, trade openness and real output, trade openness and financial deepening, real output and financial deepening, and finally financial deepening and nominal effective exchange rate. Furthermore, the short run dynamics revealed a unidirectional causality from money supply to inflation, from government spending to exchange rate and to financial deepening, and from interest rate to financial deepening. The policy implication that can be deduced from the above findings are: Interest rate will not serve as an efficient intermediate target for the monetary policy; policy should be geared towards promotion of international trade and financial development; government spending should be checked especially extra budgetary spending in order to reduce money in circulation and subsequently control inflationary tendency in the economy. Keywords: Real Output, Money, Price, Interest Rate, Exchange Rate, ARDL JEL Classifications: E41, E52, C22
INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF INDIGENOUS SPANISH MOLDS IN MEAT PRODUCTS1

The fungi growth on Spanish ham surfaces appears to be involved in the flavor development of this product. However, there is a lack of information about the metabolic activity of these molds. Five mold strains belonging to the Penicillium genera, isolated from Spanish ham surfaces were used to evaluate their proteolytic activity in a meat substratum having a similar composition to that existing on the Spanish ham surface. All samples were held at different temperatures (3, 8 and 12C) and relative humidities (75%, 85% and 95%) during 30 days. All of the molds reflected a proteolytic activity which was principally affected by temperature, and the samples inoculated with P. chrysogenum strains proved to achieve the highest proteolytic activity.
Application of Two Vermicomposts on a Rice Crop: Effects on Soil Biological Properties and Rice Quality and Yield

Vermicomposts have been considered as a soil additive to reduce the use of mineral fertilizers because they provide required nutrients, increase cation exchange capacity, and improve water-holding capacity. However, the effect of each vermicompost on soil properties and crop yield depends on its chemical composition. The main objective of this work was to study the effect of incorporating two vermicomposts of different chemical nature (cow dung, CD; and green forages, GF) at rates of 3 and 6 t C ha -1 , respectively, on soil biological properties (soil microbial biomass, soil respiration and soil enzymatic activities), soil humus-enzymes complexes, nutrition (N, P, and K plant contents, pigments, and leaf soluble carbohydrate concentrations), and yield parameters of rice (Oryza sativa cv. Puntal) over 3 yr on an Aquic Xerofluvent located near Seville, Spain. Vermicomposts had a positive effect on the soil biological properties and rice quality and yield parameters with respect to the no-vermicompost-amended soil, although at the end of the experimental period and at the high organic matter rate, the soil microbial biomass and dehydrogenase, urease, β-glucosidase, phosphatase, and arylsulfatase activities increased more in the CD-amended soils compared with the GF-amended soils (20.8, 12.8, 16.9, 17.6, 15.3, and 15.1%, respectively). However, the results obtained in the soil humus-enzymes complexes indicate that the highest values were found in the GF- compared with CD-amended soils. This increase in soil biological properties produced an increase in the plant nutrition, which increased rice quality and yield. The application of CD increased the grain protein concentration (5.6%), the grain starch concentration (7.8%), the percentage of full grains (3.1%), and the rice yield (7.9%) compared with the GF-amended soils. These results suggest that the chemical composition of the two vermicomposts influenced the soil biological properties, and therefore in the rice yield parameters. For both vermi-composts, the application of CD originated an increase in the soil biological properties and also in the rice yield parameters than did application ofGF.
Effects of Microorganisms on Lignin

Disintegration of plant tissues is a major aspect of pathogenesis. In a large percentage of plant diseases, tissue breakdown is the primary mode of injury and is directly responsible for loss. Consequently, many plant patholo­ gists have studied the enzymatic processes by which plant cell wall constitu­ ents are degraded. Most of these researches have emphasized the microbio­ logical degradation of herbaceous agricultural crops in which pectic materials and cellulose are the major structural components. But plant pathologists must also be concerned with the degradation of the woody tissues of perennial plants. These plants are the predominant vegetation of the earth, and the organisms that degrade their tissues play a major role not only in the loss of valuable crops, but also in the carbon cycle of the earth. In most herbaceous plants pectic materials are the cementing substances between cells. In woody tissues, by contrast, this function is performed by the complex aromatic polymer lignin. Lignin is thus a major component of peren­ nial plants, and as such is probably the second most abundant of all the con­ tinuously cycled organic materials on earth (cellulose is presumably the most abundant). As a major byproduct of pulp manufacture, lignin is also one of the largest industrial waste materials. The biological decomposition of lignin therefore is clearly an important problem, but even so it has not received nearly as much attention as has the degradation of pectic materials and cellulose. Its degradation consequently is only very incompletely understood. The lack of penetrating study reflects partly a lack of persistent interest in a refractory problem. However, it is also clear that until relatively recently the unavailability of lignin prepara­ tions of demonstrated integrity, together with difficulties in working with lignin in chemical and microbiological studies, and especially a lack of under­ standing of the chemical structure and behavior of lignin, have been im­ portant problems impeding progress. These and other problems have earned the respect of scientists who are intimately involved in lignin research, such as 1. A. Pearl, who noted recently (82) that there has been the " . lack of appreciation of so many investigators of the many pitfalls inherent in lig­ nin research and the consequent publication of numerous papers that confuse rather than clarify the state of our knowledge. " Unfortunately, this has been just as true for studies of the microbial degradation of lignin as for other
Transient GUS gene expression in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) using Agrobacterium tumefaciens leaf infiltration

Objective. Assess transient gene expression of GUS in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) leaves using Agrobacterium tumefaciens infiltration. Materials and methods. A. tumefaciens strains GV3101 and AGL1 containing pCAMBIA1305.2 were used to evaluate transient gene expression of β-glucuronidase (GUS). A. tumefaciens infiltration (agroinfiltration) was made using both leaves from in vitro and 1 month old greenhouse plants. Leaves were incubated in X-GLUC buffer, stained and photographed to detect GUS activity. Results. Agroinfiltration assays showed GUS transient expression in leaves of cassava varieties widely cultivated in the north coast and eastern savannah, MCOL2215 (Venezuelan) and CM6438-14 (Vergara), respectively. A. tumefaciens agressive strain AGL1 showed high efficiency inducing GUS expression in cassava leaves. Conclusions. We recommend using A. tumefaciens agressive strain AGL1 for agroinfiltration to assess transient expression in cassava leaves.
Antioxidant Properties of Ethanolic Extract from Ramulus mori (Sangzhi)

The antioxidant properties and total phenolic contents of four fractions of ethanolic extract from Ramulus mori were examined. Various experimental models including superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH) scavenging activity, metal chelating activity, and reducing power were used for characterization of their antioxidant activity. The four fractions showed various degrees of efficacy in each assay in a dose-dependent manner. The third fraction with the highest amount of total phenolics was the most potent antioxidant in all assays used. In addition, the most powerful compound (oxyresveratrol) was isolated and identified followed by on-line HPLC method and characterized by different spectral analysis. Oxyresveratrol exhibited impressive antioxidant activities in scavenging the superoxide radical, hydroxide radical, and DPPH. On the basis of the results obtained, Ramulus mori may serve as a potential source of natural antioxidant due to its significant antioxidant.
COUNTING CASSOWARIES : WHAT DOES CASSOWARY SIGN REVEAL ABOUT THEIR ABUNDANCE?

The use of surveys of sign (e.g. dung, tracks and sightings) to estimate abundance is a method in common usage with a variety of vertebrates, especially forest species and those with cryptic habits. Particularly for endangered species, such as the southern cassowary, Casuarius casuarius, the resulting abundance estimates, at both regional and local scales, can be fundamental to management and conservation decisions. Current estimates of regional cassowary abundance in North Queensland are based on the results of surveys that documented indicators of cassowary activity across the Wet Tropics Region. When applied to population abundance estimation this approach assumes (i) that cassowary sign is as likely to be encountered on trails as it is in the forest generally, and (ii) that there is a relationship between the amount of cassowary sign encountered and the number of birds using a trail. These assumptions were tested in a project conducted in Wooroonooran National Park, north Queensland. In failing to support either assumption, the fieldwork identified the need for the improvement of large-scale survey techniques for cassowaries, and for caution in the application of this method and the interpretation of its results more generally. In the case of cassowaries, improvements to the current method could be achieved by incorporating multiple surveys at each site, assessment of local use of trails by cassowaries and of fruit abundance at the time of surveying.
Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC): viral and bacterial pathogens in Serbia.

Pathogens causing BRDC in Serbia were investigated. Two herds of beef cattle with bovine respiratory disease were included, with twenty diseased calves (10 from each farm) were chosen for isolation of bacteria on artificial culture media and determination by aerobic cultivation. The most common bacterial pathogen was isolated was Pasteurella multocida. Diffusion method of sensitivity to antibiotics (antibiogram), revealed that Enrofloxacin and Floron were most efficient antibiotics against Pasteurella multocida isolates (100 % isolates sensitive on both antibiotics). From the all examined samples (n=20) using the method of Real Time PCR (RT-PCR and PCR) we determined the genome sequences of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), but in none of the samples genome of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1). [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR 31001]