Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cotranscriptional Processing of Drosophila Histone mRNAs

ABSTRACT The 3′ ends of metazoan histone mRNAs are generated by specialized processing machinery that cleaves downstream of a conserved stem-loop structure. To examine how this reaction might be influenced by transcription, we used a Drosophila melanogaster in vitro system that supports both processes. In this system the complete synthesis of histone mRNA, including transcription initiation and elongation, followed by 3′ end formation, occurred at a physiologically significant rate. Processing of free transcripts was efficient and occurred with a t 1/2 of less than 1 min. Divalent cations were not required, but nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) stimulated the rate of cleavage slightly. Isolated elongation complexes encountered a strong arrest site downstream of the mature histone H4 3′ end. In the presence of NTPs, transcripts in these arrested complexes were processed at a rate similar to that of free RNA. Removal of NTPs dramatically reduced this rate, potentially due to concealment of the U7 snRNP binding element. The arrest site was found to be a conserved feature located 32 to 35 nucleotides downstream of the processing site on the H4, H2b, and H3 genes. The significance of the newly discovered arrest sites to our understanding of the coupling between transcription and RNA processing on the one hand and histone gene expression on the other is discussed.
On the Threshold Order of a Boolean Function

The notion of a threshold function is generalized to a Boolean function of threshold order r. Two characterizations of a Boolean function of threshold order r are presented, which are generalizations of the results of Kaplan and Winder and of Chow, for the case r = 1. Kaplan and Winder's characterization of a threshold function by means of Chebyshev approximation is generalized to a Boolean function of threshold order r. This results in classifying any Boolean function as a threshold function of some order r less than or equal to the number of variables. Chow's theorem on the ``equivalence'' between threshold functions and statistical recognition with independent distributions is generalized to the case of a Boolean function of threshold order r and of statistical recognition with a certain kind of dependence, called dependence of order r.
Antiphospholipid Thrombosis: Clinical Course after the First Thrombotic Event in 70 Patients

OBJECTIVE To determine the clinical course and influence of antithrombotic therapy in patients with lupus anticoagulant or anticardiolipin antibodies, or both, after the first thromboembolic event. DESIGN Retrospective survey of consecutive patients treated according to their physician's best judgment. SETTING Secondary and tertiary referral practice. PATIENTS Seventy patients (48 women [69%]) with a mean age (+/- SD) of 45.5 +/- 17.3 years. The antiphospholipid syndrome was primary in 51 patients (73%) and secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus in 14 patients (20%) and to chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in 5 patients (7%). MEASUREMENTS Site of initial and recurrent thrombotic events (venous or arterial), as well as kind (aspiring, heparin, or warfarin) and intensity of anticoagulation. RESULTS Total follow-up after the first thrombotic event was 361.0 patient-years (mean [+/- SD], 5.2 +/- 5.6 years per patient). Thirty-seven patients (53%) had 54 recurrent events, with 2 patients experiencing fatal events. Arterial events were followed by arterial events, and venous events by venous events, in 49 of 54 instances (91%). Recurrence rates during "no treatment;" aspirin therapy; or low-, intermediate-, or high-intensity warfarin therapy (international normalized ratios [INRs] less than or equal to 1.9, 2.0 to 2.9, and greater than or equal to 3.0, respectively, or rabbit brain thromboplastin prothrombin time ratios of approximately less than 1.3, 1.3 to 1.5, and greater than 1.5, respectively) were 0.19, 0.32, 0.57, 0.07 (P = 0.12), and 0.00 (P less than 0.001) per patient-year. The follow-up periods for the five types of therapy were 161.2, 37.8, 11.3, 40.9, and 110.2 patient-years, respectively. The highest INR coincident with thrombosis was 2.6. Five warfarin-treated patients had five significant bleeding events (0.031 per patient-year). CONCLUSIONS Recurrent thrombosis is a potentially serious problem for patients with lupus anticoagulant or anticardiolipin antibodies or both. The site of the first event (arterial or venous) tended to predict the site of subsequent events. Intermediate- to high-intensity warfarin therapy may confer better antithrombotic protection than low- to intermediate-intensity warfarin therapy or aspirin therapy. Further studies are needed to define more precisely the rethrombosis rate and optimal type, intensity, and duration of antithrombotic therapy.
The aetiology of mental handicap.

12 Levy M. Aspirin use in patients with major upper gastrointestinal bleeding and peptic ulcer disease. N EnglJ' Med 1974;290:1158-62. 13 Langman MJS. Epidemiological evidence for the association of aspirin and acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Gut 1970;ii:627-34. 14 Rees WDW, Turnberg LA. Reappraisal of the effects of aspirin on the stomach. Lancet 1980;ii:410-3. 15 Anonymous. Aspirin and blood-donors. Lancet 1972;i:477. 16 Fryers GR. New perspectives on aspirin. Proc R Soc Med 1977;70:1-3. 17 Anonymous. Which preparation of aspirin? Drug Ther Bull 1978;16:51-2. 18 Douthwaite AH, Lintott GAM. Gastroscopic observation of the effect of aspirin and certain other substances on stomach. Lancet 1938;i:173-6. 19 Leonards JR, Levy G. Reduction or prevention of aspirin-induced occult gastrointestinal blood loss in man. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1969;10:571-5. 20 Lanza FL, Royer GL, Nelson RS. Endoscopic evaluation of the effects of aspirin, buffered aspirin, and enteric-coated aspirin on gastric and duodenal mucosa. N Engl J Med 1980;303:136-8. 21 Wigley RAD, Fowles M. Analgesics and the stomach. NZ MedJ' 1976;84: 104-10. 22 Clark RL, Lasagna L. How reliable are enteric-coated aspirin preparations ? Clin Pharmacol Ther 1965;6 :568-74.
Normative Blood Flow Values in the Posterior Fossa using Quantitative Spin-Echo DSC Perfusion MRI

J. J. Mouannes, A. Aghaei-Lasboo, A. H. Yassari, A. Sen, A. Skolnik, S. Rahimi, T. J. Carroll, B. R. Bendok, M. T. Walker, S. W. Horowitz, and A. Shaibani Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States, Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States, Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
Overproduction of VLDL1 Driven by Hyperglycemia Is a Dominant Feature of Diabetic Dyslipidemia

Objective—We sought to compare the synthesis and metabolism of VLDL1 and VLDL2 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) and nondiabetic subjects. Methods and Results—We used a novel multicompartmental model to simultaneously determine the kinetics of apolipoprotein (apo) B and triglyceride (TG) in VLDL1 and VLDL2 after a bolus injection of [2H3]leucine and [2H5]glycerol and to follow the catabolism and transfer of the lipoprotein particles. Our results show that the overproduction of VLDL particles in DM2 is explained by enhanced secretion of VLDL1 apoB and TG. Direct production of VLDL2 apoB and TG was not influenced by diabetes per se. The production rates of VLDL1 apoB and TG were closely related, as were the corresponding pool sizes. VLDL1 and VLDL2 compositions did not differ in subjects with DM2 and controls, and the TG to apoB ratio of newly synthesized particles was very similar in the 2 groups. Plasma glucose, insulin, and free fatty acids together explained 55% of the variation in VLDL1 TG production rate. Conclusion—Insulin resistance and DM2 are associated with excess hepatic production of VLDL1 particles similar in size and composition to those in nondiabetic subjects. We propose that hyperglycemia is the driving force that aggravates overproduction of VLDL1 in DM2.
Optical and photoluminecsence properties of powdered silica aerogel ar-SiOx

Optical and photoluminescent properties of powdered silica aerogel ar-SiOx have been investigated using FTIR spectroscopy and photoluminescence lifetime spectroscopy. Powdered silicagel was prepared from sodium silicate water solution using sol-gel technique. FTIR spectra revealed the presence of numerical hydroxyl groups such as bonded Si - OH and non-bonded -OH groups which determines oxidative properties of the material and confirmed that investigated material consists of two phases: stoichiometric SiO2 and non-stoichiometric SiOx. The intense photoemission was detected in blue-green region with stipulated peaks at 1.9, 2.0, 2.2 and 2.6 eV. It was shown that emission properties of powdered silica aerogel ar-SiOx caused by the presence of numerical oxygen defect centres. Optical sensor response of powdered silica aerogel under treatment of liquid adsorbate (ethyl alcohol water solutions) have been revealed. The reversible PL quenching has been observed in the wide range of ethyl concentration. Maximum sensor response of ar-SiOx samples was estimated to be Sm1=1.2 for 96% ethyl alcohol solution and Sm2=2.1 for pure water.
Cost prices in pig production: experiences with an EU-wide comparison

This article describes the methodological problems encountered in comparing cost prices between countries or regions and makes a comparison of the cost price of pork in five European regions using data obtained from the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN). First of all the problem of mixed farms is discussed. Different methods for allocating fixed costs to products are discussed (Activity Based Costing, regression analysis, dividing cost using the distribution of costs on specialised farms etc.). Other methodological problems are corrections necessitated by the influence of external factors in individual years (weather, for example), local currency or ecu versus purchasing power parity standards, the need to correct for differences in the structure of the farms in different countries and the influence of subsidies and taxes. The costs of equity and non-paid labour are given special attention. Cost prices of pork per kilogram are presented for five European regions: Brittany, Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands and Lower Saxony. The effect of applying different methods to the cost price is illustrated.
Family members' attitudes toward telling the patient with Alzheimer's disease their diagnosis

Advances in the accuracy of the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease as well as progress in the genetics, aetiopathology, and therapeutics of the condition have stimulated a debate on whether patients should be informed of their diagnosis. We report the results of a survey of family members on their attitudes to the disclosure of the diagnosis. A total of 100 consecutive family members accompanying patients with diagnosed Alzheimer's disease to a memory clinic were asked three questions by the assessing physicians (CPM, MK): should the patient with Alzheimer's disease be told their diagnosis; would they themselves want to be told their diagnosis should they develop Alzheimer's disease; and would they make use of a predictive test for Alzheimer's disease should it become available? They were also asked to state the reasons for their decisions. Only 17 family …
Magnetic correlates in electromagnetic consciousness

ABSTRACT We examine the hypothesis that consciousness is a manifestation of the electromagnetic field, finding supportive factors not previously considered. It is not likely that traditional electrophysiological signaling modes can be readily transmitted throughout the brain to properly enable this field because of electric field screening arising from the ubiquitous distribution of high dielectric lipid membranes, a problem that vanishes for low-frequency magnetic fields. Many reports over the last few decades have provided evidence that living tissue is robustly sensitive to ultrasmall (1–100 nT) ELF magnetic fields overlapping the γ-frequency range often associated with awareness. An example taken from animal behavior (coherent bird flocking) lends support to the possibility of a disembodied electromagnetic consciousness. In contrast to quantum consciousness hypotheses, the present approach is open to experimental trial.
Levels of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α independently predict prognosis in patients with lymph node negative breast carcinoma

Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1) is a transcription factor that plays an important role in tumor growth and metastasis by regulating energy metabolism and inducing angiogenesis to survive cellular hypoxia. Increased levels of HIF‐1α, the O2‐regulated subunit of HIF‐1, were noted during breast carcinogenesis. In this study, the prognostic value of HIF‐1α expression and its correlation with various clinicopathologic variables in patients with invasive breast carcinoma were investigated.
Why do good managers make bad decisions

It’s only human . Legend tells that Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius hired a servant whose sole commission it was to follow him as he walked through the Roman town square and to whisper in his ear when people praised him, “You’re only a man, you’re only a man”. The successful leader is at a risk of falling from grace as his followers increasingly believe in his mystical powers to make the right decisions. The hierarchical organisation perpetuates this belief as it concludes that the closer you are to the top, the closer you are to the answers. Today’s managers have to master the skill of making quick, intuitive decisions as well as slow, rational decisions. The quality of such decisions is influenced by the manager’s inherent biases, complexity due to uncertainty and lack of information, shortened response times, and the inability to switch between the various styles of decision making.
An investigation of the relationship between organisational size and industry type with the development and use of executive information systems in the manufacturing sector

The purpose of this investigative research is to provide quantitative detail to better understand the development and use of Executive Information Systems (EIS) in the Australian Manufacturing sector. This investigation is an extension of previous research done on EIS in Australia (Pervan, 1992; Pervan and Phua, 1997) and looks more closely at the independent variables of organisation size and industry type in their relationship with the development and use of EIS. A broad literature review provides a descriptive model that gives some insight into the development and use of EIS over more than fifteen years. Over eighty per cent of the reviewed literary work comes out of the United States of America, with very little research done in an Australian context. A sample of 291 medium to large Manufacturing organisations around Australia was involved in a quantitative survey designed to measure the organisations' perceptions about the development and use of EIS. The survey comprised questions that were derived from a review of the literature, on the development and use of EIS in Australia and overseas. The major finding of this investigation was evidence that the stage of EIS development is based on industry type and not size of organisation and that the majority of large organisations wanted to spend no more on EIS than medium sized organisations.
ATF6 Signaling Is Required for Efficient West Nile Virus Replication by Promoting Cell Survival and Inhibition of Innate Immune Responses

ABSTRACT West Nile virus strain Kunjin (WNVKUN) is an enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus within the virus family Flaviviridae. Many flaviviruses have been shown to manipulate multiple signaling pathways, including autophagic, innate immune, and stress responses, in order to benefit replication. In particular, we have demonstrated that WNVKUN regulates the unfolded protein response (UPR), skewing the downstream effectors toward chaperone expression and Xbp-1 activation while preventing PERK-mediated translation attenuation and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) upregulation. WNVKUN-regulated UPR signaling can then be hijacked in order to affect type I interferon (IFN) responses, preventing IFN-mediated STAT1 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. To extend our previous observations, we aimed to investigate the contribution of ATF6- and IRE1-mediated signaling during WNVKUN replication and how the two sensors contribute to the inhibition of IFN signaling. ATF6-deficient cells infected with WNVKUN showed decreased protein and virion production. These cells also demonstrated increased eIF2α phosphorylation and CHOP transcription, absent in infected matched control cells. Thus, we propose that in the absence of ATF6, WNVKUN is incapable of manipulating the PERK-mediated response to infection. In contrast, infection of IRE1−/− knockout cells showed no discernible differences compared to IRE1+/+ cells. However, both ATF6 and IRE1 were required for WNVKUN-induced inhibition of STAT1 phosphorylation. We suggest that the combination of abhorrent UPR signaling, promotion of cell death, and increased innate immune responses contributes to the replication defects in ATF6-deficient cells, thus demonstrating the dual importance of ATF6 in maintaining cell viability and modulating immune responses during WNVKUN infection.
Isolated spastic paraparesis leading to diagnosis of Friedreich's ataxia

Friedreich's ataxia is the most common hereditary ataxia. This neurological disorder was initially defined by the association of ataxia, cerebellar syndrome, and pyramidal signs. Atypical forms are increasingly recognised. The gene was mapped to 9q13-q21.1 in 1988 and identified in 1996. We report on a patient with a spastic paraparesis, of which molecular analysis confirmed the diagnosis of Friedreich's ataxia. A 39 year old woman without any past condition presented with difficulty in walking since the age of 20. Neurological examination showed a spastic paraparesis, with tetrapyramidal signs, including generalised brisk reflexes, bilateral Babinski's signs, and clonus at the knees and ankles. Spasticity only concerned the lower limbs and spared the arms. Spastic paraparesis resulted in impaired walking at the time of the examination. No other neurological abnormalities were found; notably, proprioception and vibration sense, and cerebellar function were normal. No sensory symptoms were noted. No skeletal deformities were found. All hematological investigations (including …
The limits of open innovation: openness and (quasi-)markets in the organization of innovation

Recent studies have stressed the importance of ‘open innovation’ as a means of enhancing innovation performance. The essence of the open innovation model is to take advantage of external as well as internal knowledge sources in developing and commercialising innovation, so avoiding an excessively narrow internal focus in a key area of corporate activity. Although the external aspect of open innovation is often stressed, another key aspect involves maximising the flow of ideas and knowledge from different sources within the firm, for example through knowledge sharing via the use of cross-functional teams. A fully open innovation approach would therefore combine both aspects i.e. cross-functional teams with boundary-spanning knowledge linkages. This suggests that there should be complementarities between the use cross-functional teams with boundary-spanning knowledge linkages i.e. the returns to implementing open innovation in one innovation activity is should be greater if open innovation is already in place in another innovation activity. However, our findings – based on a large sample of UK and German manufacturing plants – do not support this view. Our results suggest that in practice the benefits envisaged in the open innovation model are not generally achievable by the majority of plants, and that instead the adoption of open innovation across the whole innovation process is likely to reduce innovation outputs. Our results provide some guidance on the type of activities where the adoption of a market-based governance structure such as open innovation may be most valuable. This is likely to be in innovation activities where search is deterministic, activities are separable, and where the required level of knowledge sharing is correspondingly moderate – in other words those activities which are more routinized. For this type of activity market-based governance mechanisms (i.e. open innovation) may well be more efficient than hierarchical governance structures. For other innovation activities where outcomes are more uncertain and unpredictable and the risks of knowledge exchange hazards are greater, quasi-market based governance structures such as open innovation are likely to be subject to rapidly diminishing returns in terms of innovation outputs.
Developing an innovation strategy scorecard

Innovation as a subject is very broad and has received attention from a large number of researchers. Senior managers that see the value in formally managing innovation are not only faced with making decisions about where to start and what to focus on, but also with specific challenges that make innovation difficult to manage. These challenges include definitions of innovation that differ widely within organizations, ownership of different stages of the innovation process, cultural issues as well as lack of innovation performance measures. To assist executives under such circumstances, the aim of the research was to identify key elements of an innovation strategy as well as the appropriate performance measures that will determine the extent to which the innovation strategy is bearing fruit. This research was carried out in two stages. The first stage consisted of documentary (secondary) research, the purpose of which was to develop an innovation strategy scorecard. The scorecard was developed by firstly identifying the key components of an innovation strategy, arranging them into perspectives and thereafter developing performance measurements for each perspective. The purpose of the second stage was to validate the results obtained in stage one using feedback from a panel of experts in innovation management. At the end of the research, the key components of the innovation strategy were represented as perspectives similar to those in the Balanced Scorecard methodology. The perspectives consisted of innovation vision, innovation goals and objectives, innovation sources and resourcing, innovation metrics as well as innovation deployment. Performance measures were identified for each of these perspectives to develop the innovation strategy scorecard.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Primary Cardiomyopathies

Cardiomyopathies are diseases of the myocardium of unknown etiology associated with cardiac dysfunction. On the grounds of their morphology and pathophysiology, primary or idiopathic cardiomyopathies may be classified into a number of disorders; namely, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, and restrictive cardiomyopathy. The term “secondary cardiomyopathies” is reserved to specific heart muscle diseases clinically very similar to primary cardiomyopathies. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging has long been used to study cardiac morphology and, more recently, to assess blood flow, perfusion, and contractile function. The emerging role of magnetic resonance imaging for the understanding and treatment of primary cardiomyopathies cannot be underestimated. From a clinical point of view, an examination based on a single, efficient, and noninvasive MR study focusing on the clinically relevant features of cardiomyopathies is an objective and reproducible means for diagnosing and monitoring hypertrophic, arrhythmogenic, dilated, and restrictive cardiomyopathies.