Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chinas Wirtschaft: Steigende Risiken. Analyse und Simulationsrechnungen

In the recent period, various downward pressures on the Chinese economy have increased, partly as a result of escalating trade tensions and relatively weak domestic demand. This has prompted the government to swiftly introducing stimulus measures to support economic growth. However, given the high indebtedness of the Chinese economy, this could have nega-tive effects on the financial stability and consequently medium-term growth. Given the above-mentioned challenges and problems in China, a moderate growth slowdown seems quite realistic and even a much sharper slowdown in Chinese growth cannot be ruled out if a financial crisis and an economic downward spiral occur. The results of the simulations with the Oxford Global Economic Model show that a growth slowdown in China would damage global growth significantly. Reduction of growth in China by 1 percentage point per year would reduce global GDP growth by 0.2 percentage points relative to the baseline scenario in 2020. Global GDP would be 242.5 billion euro smaller in 2020 and therefore, this is considered as one of the biggest risks to the global growth. If the Chinese economy slips into crisis and a GDP growth falls by 3 percentage points per year, global growth could even be as much as 0.6 percentage points lower in 2020 (722.12 billion euro).
Sustainability and Competitiveness in the Tourism Industry and Tourist Destinations: A Bibliometric Study

This article presents an analysis of the state of the art on the relationship between tourism, sustainability and competitiveness (TSC); moreover, the analysis also includes a focus on tourism destination (TSCD). To that end, information on the publications in these fields from recent years was sourced from the Web of Science database. In addition, the VOSviewer software program was used to enable a more in-depth bibliometric study, allowing the results to be clustered by authors, institutions, countries, and journals. The study carried out revealed that 808 articles have been published on aspects relating to TCS and 409 regarding TSCD. The results obtained underscore the greater scientific output on aspects related to sustainability than on aspects related to competitiveness and also that there has been a significant and exponential increase in both cases in recent years. These three fields of study (tourism, sustainability and competitiveness) are rarely combined in the literature, highlighting the lack of a comprehensive overview of this trinity. The evidence reported here suggest that the trend identified represents a future line of work for the coming years.
KETIMPANGAN DISTRIBUSI PENDAPATAN KAITANNYA DENGAN PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DAN KEMISKINAN SERTA FAKTOR – FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHINYA

This study aims to analyze the causes of income distribution inequality, the relationship between income inequality, poverty, and economic growth, explain the factors that influence it, find the right solution to overcome income distribution inequality and poverty, and analyze the role of digital economy in the industrial revolution era 4.0 in reducing inequality in income distribution and poverty. This research method uses library research. The results showed that high population growth, inflation, development disparities between regions, the number of investments in capital intensive projects, import substitution industry policies, the worsening of developing countries' terms of trade in international trade, shifts in the structure of production from agriculture to industry and population shifts to the urban sector, inequality in educational development and the level of expertise of labor, and inequality in labor income. The higher economic growth reaches a certain level of income, the inequality of income distribution will be lower, and ultimately, poverty will decrease. Solutions to address income inequality and poverty require integrated policies from various social, economic, and legal aspects. Sharing economy in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 has become a very important role in providing opportunities for SMEs and all levels of society to actively participate in the development process despite their limited resources. Keywords : Inequality of income distribution, Economic growth, Poverty, Sharing economy, Industrial revolution 4.0.
Cooperating in R&D and Advertising

This paper studies the impact of cooperative R&D and advertising on innovation and welfare in a duopolistic industry. The model incorporates two symmetric firms producing differentiated products. Firms invest in R&D and advertising in the presence of R&D spillovers and advertising spillovers. Advertising spillovers may be positive or negative. Four cooperative structures are studied: no cooperation, R&D cooperation, advertising cooperation, R&D and advertising cooperation. R&D spillovers and advertising spillovers always increase innovation and welfare if products are highly differentiated and/or spillovers are sufficiently high. The ranking of cooperation settings in terms of R&D, profits and welfare depends on product differentiation, R&D spillovers and advertising externalities. Firms always prefer cooperation on both dimensions, which is socially beneficial only when advertising and R&D spillovers are sufficiently high.
Antioxidant Vitamins Intake and Antioxidant System in Exfoliated Cervicovaginal Cells of the Patient with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins, the level of antioxidant vitamins (retinol, -carotene, -tocopherol), lipid peroxidation, and the capacity of antioxidants in exfoliated cervicovaginal cells by lavage technique in normal women and patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in Korea. Methods : The study included 56 patients with histopathologically diagnosed CIN and 63 healthy women as control in the Department of Gynecology Cancer Center in Samsung Cheil Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center between December 2002 and March 2003. Data on dietary intake were collected with semiquantitative frequency questionnaire method. Retinol, -carotene and -tocopherol were assayed with high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The levels of lipid peroxidation (MDA) and antioxidant capacity (TRAP) were determined by fluorometric method and inhibition assay method. Results : The intake of antioxidant vitamins in both groups exceeds the amount recommended by the Korea dietary recommendation 7th ed, which was relatively good. Cervicovaginal cells -carotene levels were found to be significantly decreased (p-tocopherol, and retinol levels were significantly increased in patients with CIN as compare with controls (p-carotene, -tocopherol, retinol, malondialdehydes, and total radical trapping antioxidant potential concentration were measurable in samples of exfoliated epithelial cells obtained by cervicovaginal lavage technique. These findings support to hypothesis that changes of cervicovaginal cellular antioxidants vitamins lipid peroxidation may have an etiologic role in the pathogenesis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
Lead-Lag Relationships between Import Commodity Prices and Freight Rates: The Case of Raw Material Imports of Korea

Purpose – This study investigates the lead-lag relations between the prices of major commodities imported into Korea and corresponding shipping freight rates. This paper aims to provide implications for cross-market causal relations between related economic segments. <br><br>Design/Methodology - For economic long-run equilibrium between commodity prices and freights, a Johansen (1988) cointegration test is employed first. Then, Granger (1987) causality tests are performed under the vector error correction model (VECM) framework. <br><br>Findings - The results indicate that the direction of causality varies by raw materials, which is attributable to different economic mechanisms in the corresponding shipping transportation sectors. In addition, the significance of causality becomes blurred during the post-2008 period. <br><br>Practical Implication - Corporate managers in commodity trading, steelmaking, power generation, and oil refinery sectors can take advantage of the findings in this study as identifying leading economic indicators can be helpful for decision making in both short- and long-term strategies. <br><br>Originality/value - This study is the first attempt to analyze the inter-relations between commodity prices and corresponding freight rates focusing on raw material imports of Korea.
Czy enoksaparyna podana dożylnie może zastąpić heparynę niefrakcjonowaną u pacjentów poddawanych pierwotnej interwencji wieńcowej z powodu zawału serca z uniesieniem odcinka ST? Badanie ATOLL

Zgodnie z aktualnymi zaleceniami heparyna niefrakcjonowana jest lekiem z wyboru w profilaktyce przeciwzakrzepowej u pacjentow z rozpoznanym zawalem serca z uniesieniem odcinka ST (STEMI) poddawanym pierwotnym interwencjom wiencowym. Ze wzgledu na trudności w codziennej praktyce klinicznej, związane z zastosowaniem heparyny niefrakcjonowanej poszukuje sie alternatywnych metod terapeutycznych. Badanie ATOLL jest pierwszą randomizowaną wieloośrodkową analizą, ktorej celem jest ocena skuteczności i bezpieczenstwa stosowania heparyn drobnocząsteczkowych w profilaktyce przeciwzakrzepowej u pacjentow z rozpoznanym STEMI poddawanym pierwotnym interwencjom na naczyniach wiencowych. (Folia Cardiologica Excerpta 2010; 5, 6: 383–387)
Enablers and Barriers Influencing African American Administrators’ Career Advancement at Predominantly White Institutions of Higher Learning

ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . iv DEDICATION . vii LIST OF TABLES . xiii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . xiv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . xv CHAPTER I – INTRODUCTION . 1 Background . 2 Statement of the Problem . 7 Purpose Statement . 8 Research Objectives . 9 Significance of the Study . 10 Conceptual Framework . 10 Delimitations . 14 Assumptions . 14 Definition of Terms. 15 Organization of the Study . 16 Summary . 17 CHAPTER II – LITERATURE REVIEW . 18 Historical Perspective on Race and Education . 18 ix Civil Rights Act of 1964 . 21 Affirmative Action . 22 Adams v. Richardson 1972 . 24 The United States v. Fordice 1992 . 25 Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) . 26 Enablers and Barriers . 30 Effects of Racism . 32 Perspective on Advancement Opportunities . 36 Development and Advancement Strategies . 39 Strategies for Advancement at PWIs . 41 Mentoring . 41 Mentoring Relationship . 43 Diversity Management . 45 Succession Planning. 46 Chief Diversity Officer . 47 Critical Race Theory . 48 Human Capital Theory . 51 Theory of Representative Bureaucracy . 54 Summary . 56 CHAPTER III – METHODOLOGY . 59 x Research Objectives . 60 Research Design. 60 Instrumentation . 61 Population and Sample . 64 Sampling Procedures . 64 Institutional Review Board (IRB) . 66 Data Collection Procedures . 67 Data Analysis . 70 Trustworthiness . 74 Summary . 76 CHAPTER IV – RESULTS . 77 Data Analysis . 77 Trustworthiness . 80 Participant Demographics . 81 Themes . 89 Themes Associated with Internal and External Enablers . 89 Themes Associated with Internal and External Barriers. 105 “The Only” or “The First” . 121 Perspectives Toward Advancement Opportunities . 124 Strategies Addressing Racial Diversity . 126 xi Research Objectives and Theme Correlation . 130 Summary . 131 CHAPTER V – CONCLUSION . 133 Summary of the Study . 133 Summary of Results . 134 Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations . 134 Implications of Limitations . 141 Recommendations for Further Research . 142 Discussion . 143 Summary . 144 APPENDIX A – IRB Approval Letter. 146 APPENDIX B – Initial Email to Participants . 147 APPENDIX C – Consent Form . 148 APPENDIX D – Initial Email to Referred Participants . 150 APPENDIX E – Member Check Email . 151 APPENDIX F – One-on-One Interview Protocol . 152 APPENDIX G – One-on-One Interview Questions. 155 APPENDIX H – Post Interview Email . 157 APPENDIX J – Focus Group Demographic Form . 159 APPENDIX K – Focus Group Protocol. 160 APPENDIX L – Focus Group Interview Questions . 162
Universities, Agglomeration, and Regional Innovation

Urban agglomeration is an important correlate to regional innovation. Large population centers pool knowledge workers and facilitate spillovers essential to innovative activity. And large populations provide more cost-effective locations for non-labor inputs to innovation, including local infrastructure that may facilitate innovative activity. However, university locations may also agglomerate these innovative in-puts, even absent the agglomerative effects of large populations. Regional policymakers may find it useful to differentiate between various correlates to innovation. This paper exploits the collinearity of universities and population with regional human capital to apportion the relationship between these regional correlates of innovation into human-capital related and non-human-capital related channels. We identify a correlation between universities and regional innovation that reflects a relationship between innovation and regional human capital correlated with university presence. None of this relationship can be apportioned to factors correlated with university presence and uncorrelated with local human capital. A key methodological contribution of this paper is the analytical framework, which can be extended to a larger number of aggregate factors and causal channels.
The Racialized Nature of Child Welfare Policies and the Social Control of Black Bodies

Abstract:The 2004 reforms of Islamic family law in Morocco brought about a long-awaited expansion of women's rights. The Moroccan women's movement was a key player in the promulgation of the reforms. We highlight the role of professional women leaders in the movement and show how they developed political capital and the "power of presence" by combining (i) professional attainment, (ii) leadership in women's organizations, and (iii) active participation or positions in politics and civil society. We suggest that more needs to be understood about the implications of women's education and professional attainment for legal change, especially in the Middle East.
Far from a Burden: EU Migrants as Pioneers of a European Social Protection System from Below

At a time when the belief in a welfare crisis is being connected to a so‐called “migration crisis”, in particular in the United Kingdom, it is important to look at the lived experiences of mobile EU citizens and the influence of transnational social protection practices. The article introduces the concept of a “migration‐welfare corridor” – as opposed to the widespread welfare magnet hypothesis – taking into consideration the role of welfare systems in origin and destination countries at different stages of a migrant's life cycle, the changing nature of the welfare habitus as well as migrants’ attitudes towards what can be defined as welfare chauvinism. Looking specifically at the case of Spanish and Polish migrants in the UK who have reacted to this protracted environment of deterrence, particularly in respect to their welfare rights, this paper discusses several dimensions that should be taken into consideration when analyzing transnational social protection practices from below.
Top management team time horizon blending and organizational ambidexterity

We focus on the strategic implications of executive time horizons on a top management team. We argue that time horizon mean and diversity individually and interactively influence organizational ambidexterity, that is, a firm’s joint exploitation of current competencies and exploration of new opportunities. Drawing on the chief executive officer and top management team interface literature, we propose that effective CEO temporal leadership will enhance the joint effects of top management team time horizon mean and diversity on organizational ambidexterity. We tested our hypotheses by conducting multiple runs of surveys on a sample of 146 Chinese small- and medium-sized firms. Our study contributes to upper echelons theory and temporal research on strategy, being the first to examine the strategic consequences of top management team time horizon composition.
I identify, therefore I participate : How social identification relates to the political participation among Muslim immigrant-origin individuals in Western Europe

The focus of this dissertation is the association between social identification and the political participation of Muslim immigrant-origin individuals in Western Europe. We know that social minority identities can influence one's political participation, but the exact circumstances are not always clear. Identifying with a social minority group (e.g. Turkish, Islamic) does not always affect individuals’ political participation. It also does not affect political participation under all circumstances, for all forms of political participation, or for all groups that are compared. It is therefore all the more important to systematically explore the circumstances under which minority identifications affect political participation of minority groups. The author explores immigrant-origin individuals’ origin country and religious identification, and how these relate to political participation systematically at three levels: micro, meso and macro. Drawing from social-psychology, political science and migration studies, the author creates a comprehensive multidisciplinary theoretical framework. This provides tools to contextualize the link between social identification and political participation and allows to better tease out the exact circumstances under which minority identifications affect political behavior.
Combatting Disinformation via Interactive Evidence Detection

Correcting deeply held beliefs in false claims, such as vaccines cause autism, is incredi-bly hard. However, when discovered early enough, it might still be possible to debunk it before it reaches a critical mass, thereby stopping it from spreading any further. To critically evaluate any claim, a fact-checker needs evidence that either supports or contradicts it. This is very time consuming and requires a high level of expertise. In this paper, we present a tool which aims at supporting a fact-checker in ﬁnding evidence to support or contradict a claim by using interactively trained evidence detection methods. These methods learn directly from the user what is and isn’t evidence as well as which claim it supports or contradicts. We illustrate the beneﬁt of our tool with the description of two use cases; one in quickly reacting to new claims and one in studying social aspects of controversial topics in more detail. Furthermore, we present pre-trained evidence detection models that a user can ﬁne-tune, thereby reducing the amount of training data required until the models bene-ﬁt the user. This allows fact-checkers to react quicker to up-and-coming claims and thereby reducing the spread of incorrect ones.
Financial System Heterogeneity and FDI Flows: Evidence from OECD Economies

Foreign direct investment (FDI) has grown dramatically as a major form of international capital transfer over the past decades. The unprecedented growth of cross-country FDI flows has been attributed to a rich set of economic, geographical and institutional factors. In this paper we examine the role of financial system heterogeneity as a potential detrimental factor to FDI flows across OECD economies. To do so, we use a panel dataset of the most recently updated bilateral FDI data at the country level according to OECD BMD4 definition and construct measures of financial distance using a broad set of financial indicators. The econometric approach consists of a gravity-style model, estimated according to the latest advancements in econometric techniques in order to avoid omitted variable bias. The results indicate that financial system similarityis associated with increased bilateral FDI flows, a conclusion that is robust across different estimation strategies and financial distance measures. This insightful policy implication for advanced economies is that the restructuring of the financial system and harmonization to best practices can contribute to economic recovery through the FDI channel as well. Finally, the results highlight the importance for the full implementation of the Banking Union and the Capital Markets Union in the EU.
The Economic Interpretation

HE arguments advanced by the Ministers who addressed the specially convened Trade Union Conference st week were hardly such as to justify the calling of e meeting at all. Certain sacrifices had, it is obvious, o be made for it. The Government had, in the first lace, to admit by implication that the raising of the ext loan is a matter of difficulty; in the second place, his comforting news was to be published in Germany here men may easily conclude from our Government’s ppeal to the proletariat for money that the nation is own to its last shilling; and, in the third place, the isk had to be run that the Trade Unions would have heir heads turned by being called into consultation on subject usually past their function. Under these rcumstances it might have been expected that the overnment would have prepared its case with the tmost pains that nothing, at any rate, should be lost y it. Not a word should be said that could provoke ntradiction; not an inch outside the common and admitted facts would any official speaker allow himself to ravel ; but everything should be simple, straightforward and answerable. On the contrary, however, it ppears that as little pains were taken to prepare the overnment case as if either nothing depended upon it or the Conference was of such an intelligence that anythingwould be swallowed. Not only Mr. McKenna nd Mr. Runciman found themselves repeatedly and uccessfully challenged on matters of simple fact, but even Mr. Asquith, who is usually criticism-proof in affairs of this kind, had to beat one or two hasty and gnominious retreats. ***
Post-apartheid local sustainable development through tourism: an analysis of policy perceptions among ‘responsible’ tourism stakeholders around Pilanesberg National Park, South Africa

Abstract Many developing countries aim at balancing macro-level, growth-oriented economic policies with local community-based development strategies under the auspices of global governance organizations. South Africa adopts such a strategy to be competitive in the global market and, simultaneously, to alleviate domestic socio-spatial inequalities inherited from the apartheid period. Based on a qualitative case study in and around Pilanesberg National Park, this paper assesses whether this seemingly contradictory policy combination elicits the empowerment of traditionally marginalized actors. We use an institutional approach to evaluating sustainable development policy. Results of a policy perception analysis indicate that the substantive aspects of South Africa’s policies are widely acknowledged in the Pilanesberg area. The problem rests with the procedural aspects of how to deal with the shared responsibility of stakeholders with different interests and levels of authority. The paper concludes that power can be meaningfully shifted to community stakeholders only when the investments of global and national-level players are redirected towards establishing a system of procedures to solve local-level disparities in skills and power between the “jointly responsible” actors. These disparities currently result in deadlocks regarding local sustainable development in the Pilanesberg area, despite promising multi-level policies implemented in the post-apartheid era to avoid such situations.