Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Manipulating lipid bilayer material properties using biologically active amphipathic molecules

Lipid bilayers are elastic bodies with properties that can be manipulated/controlled by the adsorption of amphipathic molecules. The resulting changes in bilayer elasticity have been shown to regulate integral membrane protein function. To further understand the amphiphile-induced modulation of bilayer material properties (thickness, intrinsic monolayer curvature and elastic moduli), we examined how an enantiomeric pair of viral anti-fusion peptides (AFPs)—Z–Gly–D-Phe and Z–Gly–Phe, where Z denotes a benzyloxycarbonyl group, as well as Z–Phe–Tyr and Z–D-Phe–Phe–Gly—alters the function of enantiomeric pairs of gramicidin channels of different lengths in planar bilayers. For both short and long channels, the channel lifetimes and appearance frequencies increase as linear functions of the aqueous AFP concentration, with no apparent effect on the single-channel conductance. These changes in channel function do not depend on the chirality of the channels or the AFPs. At pH 7.0, the relative changes in channel lifetimes do not vary when the channel length is varied, indicating that these compounds exert their effects primarily by causing a positive-going change in the intrinsic monolayer curvature. At pH 4.0, the AFPs are more potent than at pH 7.0 and have greater effects on the shorter channels, indicating that these compounds now change the bilayer elastic moduli. When AFPs of different anti-fusion potencies are compared, the rank order of the anti-fusion activity and the channel-modifying activity is similar, but the relative changes in anti-fusion potency are larger than the changes in channel-modifying activity. We conclude that gramicidin channels are useful as molecular force transducers to probe the influence of small amphiphiles upon lipid bilayer material properties.
Single crystal silicon micro mirrors

A single crystal silicon mirror technology based on BSOI (Bonded Silicon on Insulator) wafers is presented to fabricate 1D and 2D scanning mirrors. An in-plane electrode configuration is used to resonantly drive the mirror. The optical, mechanical and sensorial requirements are discussed in particular for projection applications. The Image quality of dynamically deformed mirrors is treated by the modulation transfer function. A design approach for the mirror suspension is presented to achieve a lower degree of dynamic deformation and thus to minimize image quality degradation. The fracture probability of torsional springs is treated by a Weibull statistic. A separation approach is used to compare springs of various shape and load. For amplitude and phase control a novel integrated piezoresistive transducer is presented which can be fabricated without any additional implantations. The potential of the single crystal silicon micro mirrors is demonstrated by an ultra compact VGA projector and a micro laser camera for endoscopes. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mean Span Dimensions of Ideal Polymer Chains Containing Branches and Rings

We present a general method for calculating the mean span dimension of various branched and ringed polymers under the assumption of Gaussian chain statistics. The method allows a routine construction of an integral expression of the mean span dimension based on three base functions, determined for a connector, an arm and a loop, respectively. Applications of our method are shown to a variety of polymer architectures including star, two-branch-point, comb and various cyclic chains (eight-shaped, Θ-shaped and several semicyclic chains). Comparing the mean span dimension with other commonly used molecular size parameters—the radius of gyration and the hydrodynamic radius, it is found that both the mean span dimension and the hydrodynamic radius shrink less than does the radius of gyration when comparing averaged sizes of a branched chain with its linear analogue. Finally, possible use of the mean span dimension in size exclusion chromatography (SEC) experiments is discussed.
The Benefits of Exercise Warm‐Up on Grip Strength and Fatigue Time

Strength and endurance are two key factors in any athlete’s ability to perform. This experiment was designed to measure the correlation between an exercise warm up and grip strength and fatigue time. Two groups, a control and an experimental, were tested. The control group subjects participated in two separate sessions over the course of a few weeks, neither of which included an exercise warm up. The experimental group subjects participated in two separate sessions over the course of a few weeks, the first of which was recorded as a baseline measurement and the second occurred after a warm up exercise. The purpose of the research group’s experiments is to determine whether there is a positive correlation between an exercise warm up and an individual’s strength and endurance.
Histomorphology of Metaphysis of Proximal Tibia in Albino Rat

The metaphysis lies at the distal end of the growth plate, between the epiphysis and diaphysis of bone and is the zone of active growth in a long bone. In this review study, the continuity of metaphysis of proximal tibia in albino rat was studied by light microscope following Hematoxylin and Eosin and Masson’s trichrome stains. The metaphysis has been described as having two distinct regions, the primary and secondary spongiosa, containing mainly osteoblasts and osteoclasts amidst abundant blood vessels. The osteoblasts are the bone forming cells whereas the osteoclasts are the chief cells mediating bone resorption. Hence, the metaphysis is the site of active bone remodelling. Before the fusion of diaphysis and epiphyses, the metaphyses are richly supplied with blood through end arteries forming hair pin bends. This is the common site of osteomyelitis in children. The bone cells are also the favourite target site of action of drugs, especially the bisphosphonate class of drugs, which are potent inhibitors of excessive osteoclastic mediated bone resorption.
Effect of different cooking methods on the flavour constituents of mushroom (Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Sing) soup

Summary The effect of different cooking methods on the flavour of mushroom soup was assessed. The results indicated that the levels of free amino acids and 5’-nucleotides in the microwaved mushroom soup were (P 1), respectively. Thus the flavour of mushroom soup is dependent on the cooking methods as proved by gas chromatography and olfactometry analysis.
THE EFFECT OF THE ENTRAPPED AIR ON THE HYSTERESIS CURVES OF A POROUS BODY AND ON ITS HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY

EXAMPLES ARE PRESENTED OF THE ULTIMATE BOUNDARY DRYING CURVE OF A POROUS BODY. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE SATURATION MOISTURE CONTENT AND THE ULTIMATE MOISTURE CONTENT AT ZERO SUCTION REPRESENTS THE TOTAL VOLUME OF AIR ENTRAPPED DURING THE PASSAGE OF THE FIRST BOUNDARY WETTING CURVE. THE REPRODUCIBILITY OF THE HYSTERESIS LOOP WHICH CORRESPONDS TO A CERTAIN CYCLE OF SUCTION CHANGES, SUGGESTS THAT AIR IS ALWAYS ENTRAPPED IN THE SAME PORES, AS LEAST AS FAR AS THE WETTING IS REPEATED IN THE SAME REASONABLY SMOOTH AND UNIFORM MANNER. THE DIFFERENCE IN SLOPE BETWEEN THE SATURATION AND THE ULTIMATE DRYING CURVES IS A MEASURE OF THE VOLUME OF AIR ENTRAPPED IN PORES DRAINING IN A UNIT SUCTION INTERVAL. IT IS THEN POSSIBLE TO OBTAIN A FAMILY OF PRIMARY WETTING CURVES, THE STARTING POINT OF EACH OF WHICH IS DEFINED BY THE SAME SUCTION THAT LIES ON ONE OF VARIOUS DRYING CURVES, AS WELL AS TO MEASURE THE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY ALONG NUMEROUS DRYING CURVES. THE STATIC TECHNIQUE IS USED TO STUDY THE EFFECT OF THE ENTRAPPED AIR ON THE HYSTERESIS CURVES. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS CONCERNING THE EFFECT OF THE ENTRAPPED AIR ON THE HYSTERESIS CURVES AS WELL AS ON THE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY ARE REPORTED. THE HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITIES ALONG THE SATURATION AND THE ULTIMATE BOUNDARY DRYING CURVES ARE PLOTTED AS A FUNCTION OF SUCTION.
Potential use of zirconium (IV) chloride as coagulant to treat semi-aerobic leachate treatment

Coagulation-flocculation is the most common chemical treatment method for wastewater treatment. Coagulant acts as neutralising agents for the electrical charges of particles in leachate. ZrCl4, which has never been applied for leachate treatment before, was tested in this research. Standard jar testing was conducted to determine the optimal pH and dosage in removing colour, suspended solids (SSs), ammonia, and organic content [ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm wavelengths (UV254)] from semi-aerobic landfill leachate. The optimal ZrCl4 dosage and pH were 1,500 mg/L and 4, respectively. These values corresponded to 93.4%, 94.3%, and 97% removals for SS, colour, and UV254, respectively. However, ammonia could not be removed by the coagulant, with only 2.2% of removal at pH 4 and 1,500 mg/L ZrCl4 dosage.
Intravenous thrombolytic therapy experience for ischemic stroke patients in a secondary care hospital

INTRODUCTION: This study, aims to show the intravenous thrombolytic therapy (IV-tPA) given to patients with ischemic stroke within the first 4.5 hours to affect prognosis according to demographic, etiological and clinical factors. METHODS: The study was conducted retrospectively and included 26 acute ischemic stroke patients who only received intravenous thrombolytic therapy in Cankiri State Hospital between January 1, 2019, and January 1, 2020. Demographic information, risk factors, stroke etiologies, symptom to needle time were questioned. First and 24th hours NIHSS scores, pre-stroke, discharge, or first week and third month mRS scores and complications were evaluated. RESULTS: It was determined that demographic, and etiological factors, ischemic stroke types and the time of IV-tPA administration did not affect prognosis in patients (p>0,05). It was shown that those with mild and moderate baseline and 1st-hour NIHSS scores had a better prognosis than those with severe scores (p <0.05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The study showed that patients with a low NIHSS score at baseline had better 3rd-month mRS. In addition, it has been shown that thrombolytic therapy can be given,and complications can be managed in a secondary care hospital.
SEM analyses of cathodoluminescence in MgO, CdS and GaAs/GaxAl1–xAs crystals

The method of analysis developed for the study of cathodoluminescence in the scanning electron microscope is briefly outlined. Current studies of cathodoluminescence in three types of crystal are presented. These are: (1) deformed and annealed MgO, (2) CdS into which Ga has been diffused, and (3) double heterostructure GaAs/GaxAl1–xAs laser material.
Light-Induced Redox Reactions in Nanocrystalline Systems

A review with 156 refs. on interfacial electron transfer reactions in colloidal semiconductor solns. and thin films and their application for solar light energy conversion and photocatalytic water purifn. Some of the topics discussed include; optical and electronic properties of colloidal semiconductor particles, quantum size effects in the photoluminescence of colloidal semiconductors, light-induced charge sepn. , dynamics of interfacial charge transfer processes, properties and prepn. of nanocryst. semiconductor electrodes, energetics and operations of the nanoporous solar cell.
Essential Oil of Moschosma riparium Hochst. (Lamiaceae) from Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

Abstract The chemical composition of the essential oil of Moschosma riparium Hochst. from Manaus, Amazonas state, Brazil was investigated by GC and GC/MS. A total of 66 compounds were identified among monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and diterpenes. The major components found in the oil were fenchone (19.9%), l4-hydroxy-9-epi-β-caryophyllene (12.3%), α-cadinol (5.2%), isocaryophyllene (3.9%), camphor (3.4%) and δ-cadinene (3.1%).
Conductometric Determination of the Association Constants of β-Cyclodextrin with Amphiphilic Ions

The association constants (K) of β-cyclodextrin with 13 amphiphilic ions were determined. For a homologous series 1-alkanesulfonate ions, the saturation phenomenon of K occurred at the number of carbon atoms of 10. The values of K for amphiphilic ions with dodecyl chain were similar to one another.
Exploration and Exploitation in Oil and Gas Fields with Abnormally High Formation Pressures

The present research was undertaken in order to develop a better prediction of abnormally-high formation pressures of different origins and to avoid “condemning” overpressured oil-bearing formations based only on well tests. The authors found that for each formation there is a certain critical effective stress above which the plastic deformation will occur, closing down the avenues (canals, pores, pore throats, fractures, etc.) for the migration of fluids. In the case of synsedimentary origin of abnormally-high pressure (rapid deposition, undercompaction), this critical effective stress1 can be reached rapidly, as indicated by laboratory compaction tests or a change in the slope of the production versus pressure curves during well tests. On the other hand, in the case of postsedimentary origin of abnormal formation pressure (hydrocarbon generation, upward vertical fluid migration along faults, and expansion of fluids due to an increase in temperature), the preexisting effective stress was lowered due to overpressuring. Compaction tests can help establish the value of this preexisting stress (shale can “remember” its past history). If the existing effective stress is increased due to production and then reaches the critical effective stress, the plastic deformation of reservoir rock will occur upon further increase of the effective stress. The writers confirmed these findings using compaction tests in the laboratory and well tests in the field. Thus they established that knowledge of the origin of abnormally-high formation pressure is of utmost importance.
Influence of biosolids and fertilizer amendments on physical, chemical and microbiological properties of copper mine tailings

A 3-yr field study was conducted on two texturally different tailings sites at the Highland Valley Copper Partnership mine in south-central British Columbia to determine the effects of fertilizer and biosolids amendments on selected soil physical, chemical and microbiological properties. Soil bulk density and penetration resistance decreased in the upper 15 cm of tailings with increasing dry biosolids application rates of 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 Mg ha-1. The addition of biosolids increased gravimetric water retention at field capacity and wilting point, but no significant changes occurred in the gravimetric water-holding capacity as both field and wilting point increased proportionally. Increasing biosolids decreased volumetric water-holding capacity on the silt loam, but had no effect at the sandy site because of decreased bulk density. Soil pH was not impacted by the treatments while electrical conductivity, soil organic matter, total carbon and cation exchange capacity increased with increasing level.
NMR - This Other Method for Protein and Nucleic Acid Structure Determination

For a quarter of a century X-ray diffraction in single crystals was unique in its ability to solve threedimensional structures of proteins and nucleic acids at atomic resolution. The situation changed in 1984 with the completion of a protein structure determination by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in solution, and today NMR is a second widely used method for biomacromolecular structure determination. This review describes the method of NMR structure determination of biological macromolecules, and attempts to place NMR structure determination in perspective with X-ray crystallography. NMR is most powerful for studies of relatively small systems with molecular weights up to about 30000, but these structures can be obtained in near-physiological milieus. The two techniques have widely different time scales which afford different insights into internal molecular mobility as well as different views of protein or nucleic acid molecular surfaces and hydration. Generally, in
Mean Charge State and Charge State Distribution of Proteins as Structural Probes. An Electrospray Ionisation Mass Spectrometry Study of Lysozyme and Ribonuclease A

Analysis by electrospray mass spectrometry of lysozyme and ribonuclease A showed that the presence of triethylammonium cations leads to a spectacular decrease of the protein charge state compared with this obtained with ammonium cations, thus confirming the role played by the presence of bases (ammonia or triethylamine) in the solvent phase. However, despite their very different compositions in basic amino acid residues, these proteins gave rise to identical charge states and charge state distributions under non-denaturing solvent conditions. Unexpectedly, the main difference between the two investigated proteins corresponded to their behaviour under denaturing solvent conditions, with lysozyme leading to narrower charge state distributions than ribonuclease A. The use of the mean charge state values and charge state distributions for structure investigation of native proteins is discussed.
Effects of Motivational Factors on Employees' Organizational Commitment A Case Study in HCMC Trade Union Tourism Joint Stock Company

The paper determines motivational factors affecting employees’ organizational commitment in HCMC Trade Union Tourism Joint Stock Company. The research model and scales are constructed on findings of Kovach (1987) and qualitative research results. The paper figures out four important motivational factors, that is: (1) company trade mark and image, (2) good wages, (3) leadership, and (4) interesting work.
Superposition Imaging for Three-Dimensionally Space-Invariant Point Spread Functions

In this paper, we propose an aberration compensation method using superposition imaging and inexpensive postprocessing. In the method, the focusing distance and optical axis position of an imaging system with aberrations are varied over certain ranges, and the resulting images are superposed to equalize the point spread function (PSF) within a three-dimensional region and remove space variance. A sharp image of an object with a large depth-of-field and field-of-view is then reconstructed by deconvolution of the superposed image using the effective three-dimensionally space-invariant PSF. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by simulations assuming defocus, the five Seidel aberrations, and vignetting.
Determination of the particulate absorption of microalgae using a point‐source integrating‐cavity absorption meter: verification with a photometric technique, improvements for pigment bleaching, and correction for chlorophyll fluorescence

The determination of the spectral light absorption coefficient of planktonic algae in seawater is crucial for many applications, including optical remote sensing. Common techniques are adversely affected by light‐scattering effects, or by low particle concentrations in situ. Measurements with a point‐source integrating‐cavity absorption meter (PSICAM) can overcome both difficulties. In our study, we assessed the performance of a PSICAM for measuring the absorption coefficients of microalgae by a comparison with state‐of‐the‐art techniques. The PSICAM was evaluated by comparative measurements of diluted algal cultures with a photometric setup, where the sample cuvette is placed in the center of an integrating sphere (CIS). The accuracy of both the CIS and the PSICAM technique was calibrated against a commercial spectrophotometer by measurements of dense algal cultures. The remaining sources of error for the PSICAM technique were the bleaching procedure and chlorophyll fluorescence. We propose an improved bleaching technique and introduce a correction procedure for the fluorescence effects. Applying both, the overall differences between PSICAM and CIS measurements were less than ± 1%. We further demonstrate that the accuracy of the PSICAM is at least as good as that of a commercial spectrophotometer, but its precision should be two to three orders of magnitude higher. Due to its high sensitivity and accuracy, and to the fact that sources of error can be identified and accounted for, the PSICAM has a great potential to significantly improve the determination of absorption spectra of particulate matter in natural seawater.
Ionic Adsorption and Dissociation Cross Section for Nitrogen

The adsorption of energetic N2+ ions on nickel and molybdenum surfaces has been investigated. Comparison of the sticking probabilities of N2+ and Ar+ as a function of ion energy indicates that the binding mechanism for these two gases is different. The experimental evidence suggests that the mechanism causing adsorption of N2+ may be dissociation upon collision with the surface and the subsequent adsorption of the resulting atomic nitrogen.The total absolute dissociation cross section has also been measured in nitrogen for electron energies from 0 to 300 eV. The cross section has a maximum value of 2. 10−16 cm2 at an electron energy of about 90 eV.
Chemical Constltuents from the Roots of Zizyphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (I)

The chemical constituents of the roots of Zizyphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa were investigated with a combination of Sephadex LH-20 column, centrifugal partition chromatography and RP-18 low pressure liquid chromatography. We isolated seven flavonoids-quercetin (1), (+)-dihydroquercetin (2), (+)-dihydrokaempferol (7), quercetin-3-0-β-glucoside (8), 2-hydroxynaringenin (11), rutin (12), and quercetin 3-0-(2G-β-D-xylopyranosylrutinoside) (13); four catechins-(-)-gallocatechin (3), (-)-epigallocatechin (4), (-)-catechin (5), and (-)-epicatechin (6); and two phenolic carboxylic acids-p-hydroxybenzoic acid (9) and protocatechuic acid (10) from the water soluble fraction of the ethanolic extract NMR date of 13 were assigned by 2D NMR techniques.
FRET reveals the organization of different receptor-ligand complexes (polymeric IgA-R and Transferrin-R) in endocytic membranes of polarized MDCK cells

FRET-based assay has been used to determine the organization of transferrin-receptor bound to holo-transferrin in basolateral endocytic membranes and compare it to the previously characterized clustered organization of polymeric IgA-receptor (pIgA-R) bound to pIgA-R ligand in apical endocytic membranes. In polarized MDCK-PTR cells, we have internalized holo-transferrin from the basolateral plasma membrane - labeled with donor and acceptor fluorophores. Transferrin-receptor-holo-transferrin complexes were imaged in the basolateral endocytic compartment using FRET confocal laser scanning microscopy in fixed and live MDCK polarized cells. A two-parameter FRET assay demonstrates whether complexes are randomly distributed or clustered: Acceptor's positive impact on E% signifies random distribution; E% being independent of acceptor fluorescence levels indicates clusters. A second parameter for clustering is E% being negatively dependent on D:A ratios. Our results indicating a clustered organization of transferrin-receptor-holo transferrin complexes fit the well-known homodimeric structure of transferrin-receptor.
Über die Impedanz einer Suspension von kugelförmigen Teilchen mit einer Schale

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Frequenzabhängigkeit des dielektrischen Verhaltens einer Suspension von Kugeln mit Schale untersucht. Es werden die allgemeine Lösung sowie spezielle Näherungsformeln angegeben. Das Frequenzverhalten wird exakt durch 2 Relaxationsausdrücke vom Debye - Typ, die sich superponieren, charakterisiert. Die vorgetragenen Formeln erlauben die Analyse der Impedanzkurven von Zellsuspensionen aus Erythrozyten, Bakterien, Seeigeleiern u. a. m. , aber auch von Proteinlösungen und anderen Suspensionen.