Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Muerte prematura por accidente cerebrovascular y condición socioeconómica en la Argentina

espanolIntroduccion: La asociacion entre mortalidad por accidente cerebrovascular y el nivel socioeconomico esta escasamente descripta en Argentina. Objetivos: Describir la evolucion temporal de la mortalidad por accidente cerebrovascular y su asociacion con el nivel socioeconomico en Argentina entre 2000 y 2011. Material y metodos: Se realizo un estudio ecologico longitudinal. La mortalidad se cuantifico mediante tasas estandarizadas por edad y sexo, y el nivel socioeconomico mediante quintilos de necesidades basicas insatisfechas. Las unidades de observacion fueron los departamentos de Argentina. La asociacion entre mortalidad y nivel socioeconomico se evaluo utilizando un modelo de regresion de Poisson para datos de panel. Resultados: La mortalidad por accidente cerebrovascular aumento progresivamente entre los quintilos de nivel socioeconomico (26,2, 28,4, 30,5, 34,5 y 36,9 por 100.000 personas, para los quintilos 1 a 5, respectivamente en el ano 2000). La mortalidad en todos los grupos de nivel socioeconomico disminuyo, aunque persistieron diferencias entre ellos (17,2, 18,5, 20,1, 22,1 y 25,3 por 100.000 personas, para los quintilos 1 a 5, respectivamente en el ano 2011). Las razones de tasas de incidencias fueron 1,15 (IC 95% 1,09 a 1,22; p EnglishBackground: The association between stroke mortality and socioeconomic status has been scarcely described in Argentina. Theevaluation of the temporal trends of early death from stroke and their relationship with socioeconomic status could be useful forpublic health to identify the most vulnerable groups.Objectives: The aim of the study was to describe the temporal evolution of stroke mortality and its association with socioeconomicstatus in Argentina between 2000 and 2011.Methods: A longitudinal ecological study was performed. Mortality was quantified by age and sex standardized rates and socioeconomicstatus by quintiles of unmet basic needs. The Argentine departments were the observation units. The association betweenmortality and socioeconomic status was assessed using a Poisson regression model for panel data.Results: Stroke mortality progressively increased among quintiles of socioeconomic status (26.2, 28.4, 30.5, 34.5 and 36.9 per 100,000 persons, for quintiles 1 to 5, respectively, in 2000). Mortality in all socioeconomic status groups declined, though differences amongthem persisted (17.2, 18.5, 20.1, 22.1, and 25.3 per 100,000 persons, for quintiles 1 to 5, respectively, in 2011). The incidence rateratios were 1.15 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.22; p
Thoracotomie de nécessité pour traumatisme thoracique.

: With intensive care, pleural drainage and judicious physiotherapy most thoracic injuries can be treated adequately. 571 patients were treated for severe thoracic injuries over the last 10 years. A thoracotomy was necessary in 14% of the patients with blunt trauma (BT) and 33% with penetrating trauma (PT). Thoracotomy for PT was performed earlier and had better results than thoracotomy for BT. Seventy-five percent of PT were operated in the first hour after admission against 29% of BT. Postoperative mortality for PT was three times lower than for BT (18% vs 56%). Reasons for this are the higher rate of injuries associated with BT. Surgical procedure depends on the type and extent of the thoracic and general injuries and on the patient's general condition.
Using Community Health Assessment to Teach and Explore Health Status Disparities

Introduction: Community health assessment (CHA) is a useful tool for identifying health status disparities at the community level. Developing the skills of master’s level public health students to conduct CHA addresses a number of the Association of Schools of Public Health Core competencies for graduate public health education. Teaching Procedures: This article reports on the experience of conducting and analyzing a CHA of disparities in access to autism services among low-income Latinos in Nassau County, NY. Discussion: Conducting a CHA as part of the course helped to illustrate academic concepts, and revealed how disparities in access to services and service provision may ultimately lead to disparities in outcomes for low-income Latino children with ASDs.
Evaluation of Techniques for the Diagnosis of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis in Paediatric Patients

Rotavirus is the major etiology of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. It has been estimated that about 39% of childhood diarrhoea hospitalizations are caused by the virus and nearly half a million children die from the infections each year especially in developing countries on the Asian subcontinent, Africa, and Latin America where health care facilities are in short supply. Stool specimens collected from the first to fourth days of illness are optimal for detection of the infection. Diagnosis was originally performed using electron microscopy, which is still occasionally used in centers where it is available. Routine diagnosis is however, now performed by antigen detection on feces using commercially available, simple, rapid immunochromatographic dipstick style kits which have superseded the earlier latex agglutination and enzyme immunoassay methods whose usefulness in diagnosis is still relevant. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction of feces is also available in some reference and research centers, and is particularly useful for identification of outbreaks due to serogroups other than group A. Similarly viral culture and serology are also available but do not play much roles in diagnosis of acute disease. Rotavirus infection is indeed a public health problem and early, rapid, accurate and reliable diagnostic techniques are essential for effective patient management and infection control.
THU0626-HPR Outcome of Muscle Impairment and Quality of Life in Patients with Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis Five Years Following Diagnosis

Background Polymyosit (PM) and dermatomyosit (DM) are rare systemic inflammatory diseases presenting with impaired muscle function which is usually assessed by the manual muscle test (MMT)-8 muscle groups. Quality of life is also reduced. The use of the disease-specific muscle endurance measure Functional Index-2 (FI-2) has indicated severely impaired muscle endurance in adult PM/DM and a majority of patients might not improve clinically relevant in muscle endurance one year after diagnosis. It is not known how muscle endurance develops over a longer period in these patients. Objectives To study how muscle strength, muscle endurance and quality of life change over five years after diagnosis, and to investigate possible relationships between muscle impairment and quality of life in patients with adult PM/DM at 5-year follow-up. Methods Data of muscle strength (MMT-8), muscle endurance (FI-2), and quality of life (SF-36, 0-100, 100 = good health) were retrieved from the Swedish Myositis Register (SweMyoNet) on patients followed at Karolinska University Hospital at one year (n=49) and five years (n=44) after diagnosis of adult PM or DM. Results On a group level there was no change in muscle endurance (FI-2) at 5 years; median 27 (q1-q3 6-72) % of maximal score compared to 1-year follow-up 29 (17-61). Also, muscle strength (MMT) was unchanged at 5 years; 98 (86-100)% of maximal score compared to 1-year 96 (88-99)%. Six out of 26 patients improved in FI-2 ≥20% (of whom 4 ≥70%) and 11/26 patients worsened ≥20% (of whom 6 ≥50%, of whom 4 ≥70%) at 5 years. 1/28 patients improved in MMT-8 ≥20%, while none worsened. The group (n=33) had significantly more pain (SF-36 Bodily pain), 51 (41-84) at 5 years compared to 1-year, 74 (51-84) (p<0.05) while the remaining domains were unchanged. FI-2 correlated strongly to SF-36 Physical Function (PF) (rs=0.80) and moderately to Role-Physical (RP) (rs=0.50), Social function (SF) (rs=0.52) and Role Emotional (RE) (rs=0.54). The MMT correlated equally strong to PF, with moderate correlations to General Health (rs=0.63), SF (rs=0.58) and RE (rs=0.54). Conclusions Forty-two % of patients worsened in muscle endurance while 23% had a clinically relevant improvement while most patients remained unchanged in muscle strength between one and five years after start of immunosuppressive treatment. Patients scored worse pain after 5 years compared to one year post treatment-start. The objective assessments FI-2 and MMT correlated strongly to self-reported quality of life (physical function). These data are preliminary due to large number of missing data, but raise concern and the need for systematic follow-up of these variables in larger cohorts of myositis patients. Disclosure of Interest None declared
Prevalence Survey of Bacillary Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Western Uttar Pradesh, India

1National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and other Mycobacterial Diseases NJIL & OMD, (ICMR), Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India 2Project Assistant in the extra-mural project of Central TB Division (CTD), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare MoHFW), Government of India and working at NJIL & OMD, Agra, India 3Scientist and in-charge Epidemiology and Research Division, National Tuberculosis Institute (NTI), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India Received date: 09 Dec 2015; Accepted date: 26 Dec 2015; Published date: 31 Dec 2015.
Estado nutricional e hábitos alimentares de dependentes químicos em tratamento ambulatorial

Objective To identify the nutritional status and dietary habits of male patients recovering from chemical dependency in an ambulatory treatment of an addition unit. Methods Crosssectional study with 25 male patients in ambulatorial treatment for chemical dependency. Anthropometric parameters (weight, height, waist circumference and body mass index) and body composition (bioelectrical impedance) were measured and dietary habits (Food Frequency Questionnaire) were investigated. Categorical variables are shown as frequencies and percentages and continuous variables as mean and standard deviation or as median and interquartile range. Results It was found a body mass index mean of 27.73 ± 4.15 kg/m2, with a prevalence of overweight in 88% of the sample. The waist circumference mean was 96.60 ± 9.84 cm and a percentual body fat mass of 23.24 ± 6.44. The sample majority [20 (80%)] refers do four or more meals a day and 72% reported an increased food intake during the period of abstinence. The preference for specific foods during the abstinence period was reported by 12 (48%) patients. Regarding the consumption of ultra-processed foods, there is a highlight daily consumption of French bread (68%), white pan bread (16%), artificial juices (48%), soft drinks (32%), high-fat cheese (36%), high-fat processed meat (36%), candy and gum (32%). Conclusion The study reveals a high prevalence of overweight and obesity, as well as altered waist circumference, increased food intake and daily and weekly consumption of ultra-processed foods.
Biological Foundations of Language

It is rare that an author has the opportunity to reply to reviews of his book. I feel particularly ho:~ored that my thoughts about language were the subject of this discussion by three authorities in the field, all highly respected by the profession and by myself. J. W. Black's review is the most thorough one my book has had, and it is a fair representation. I would first like to make a comment which is relevant to the title of this triad of reviews; it is on my purported aim. I am definitely not offering a new theory on the origin of language. To write about biological foundations of language is not the same as to divine how language came about. A treatise on the biological foundations of the formation of schools in fish need not concern itself with the question of how schooling started, just as a study of the biology of the cell need not discuss the origin of life. In fact, questions of origin are seldom part and parcel of modern scientific inquiry. Instead, one is satisfied in discovering and describing the operation of variables and a short-range cause-and-effect sequence never a complete regression to origins. Social and cultural investigations of man, on the other hand, may profitably (and often do) search for beginnings. They can be traced sometimes to inventions. Furthermore, to write about biological foundations does not imply an exclusion of social foundations. Many aspects of language have social origins (though they were not within the realm of my chosen topic) and, what is more, many social functions are themselves based upon biollogical and species-specific propensities. Another common but totally unfounded assumption about my book is that the demonstration of species-specific traits implies an anti-Darwinian view of life, perhaps espousal of special creation; or that it is a departure from the accepted notions of epigenesis and a return to preformism; or that it is a denial of the existence of homologues in related species, or of primitive antecedents in the course of evolution. Since I have been very explicit on all of these points in my book, there is no need to say more here than that all such imputations are in error. These reviewers have not made them; I am
Emerging Structure of Stem Cell Research in India: An Analysis of Publication Output, 1990-2014

The potential of stem cell to change the face of medical treatment has brought it to the forefront of medical science in recent years. The present study analyzes the stem cell research output of India during 1990-2014 collected from the Scopus database. Some of the parameters used for analysis are publication output, publication share, growth rate, h-index, impact per paper, citation analysis, international collaboration and degree of collaboration, etc. The increasing significance of stem cell research was analyzed by ranking countries, institutions, authors, journals, etc. concerning total publication, their citation, and h-index. It is exciting to note that there has been notable growth in stem cell research publication from India. A total of 3964 papers were contributed by Indian authors during the study period, out of which 71.24% have been cited at least once and has a citation average of 9.27 citations per paper. Given the interdisciplinary and complex nature of the field, most of the research output is multiple authored and out of which more than one-third have internationally collaborated. The United States, which is the top most producing country, also the largest collaborative partner of India in stem cell research. The AIIMS and PlosOne are the most productive institution and journal respectively in this field.
Clinical significance of tissue penetration of antibiotics in the respiratory tract.

: Concentrations of antibiotics in bronchial secretion vary widely and cannot be easily related to physico-chemical characteristics. Serum and sputum concentrations do broadly correlate in the case of penicillins, some cephalosporins and some tetracyclines. Antibiotic concentrations in bronchial secretion (although not necessarily in lung tissue) are always much lower than in serum, with a ratio of about 20% for tetracycline, 3--4% for ampicillin, 4--50% for gentamicin and tobramycin. Concentrations will often be adequate to inhibit highly sensitive pathogens but marginal or ineffective for those less sensitive, e.g. carbenicillin or gentamicin for Ps. aeruginosa.
The role of ITP-DAG regulatory cascade in the mechanism of cardioprotective effect of adaptation to stress.

OBJECTIVE: To study the role of inositol-triphosphate-diacylglycerol (ITP-DAG) regulatory cascade in the development of adaptive stabilization of structures. DESIGN: Double-blind, randomized trial. ANIMALS: Wistar male rats, 250 to 300 g. INTERVENTIONS: Adaptation to restrained stress. Investigation of adapted animals consisted of three main steps: first, alpha 1-adrenoreactivity of isolated heart from animals adapted to short term stress exposure were studied. Second, the state of a1-adrenoceptors and phospholipase C activity were estimated by biochemical methods. Third, the contractile function of heart and its in vivo resistance to acute anoxia were studied as well as the resistance of isolated heart to ischemia reperfusion injury. All these studies were performed 15 and 30 days following the onset of adaptation to immobilization stress. MAIN RESULTS: It is known that in adaptation to repeated stress exposure, a phenomenon of adaptive stabilization of structures (PhASS) develops. This phenomenon manifests itself, in particular, in isolated hearts from adapted animals as well as nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles of cardiomyocytes that acquire quite a high resistance to a broad spectrum of damaging factors. The present study shows that the development of PhASS and its cardioprotective effects with respect to anoxia, ischemia and reperfusion are associated with an increase in positive inotropic effect of selective alpha-agonist phenylephrine and an activation of myocardial phospholipase C. In long term adaptation both these alterations disappear and the PhASS-induced cardioprotective effect disappears simultaneously. A hypothesis on the important role of ITP-DAG regulatory cascade in PhASS development is put forward. CONCLUSION: ITP-DAG regulatory cascade plays an important role in the mechanism of cardioprotective effect of adaptation to repeated stress exposure, in particular in increased resistance of the heart to ischemia and subsequent reperfusion.
EVALUATION OF ANTIDIABETIC AND ANTIPYRETIC ACTIVITY OF BUTEA MONOSPERMA (LAM) EXTRACTS ON RATS

In the present investigation an indigenous medicinal plant species of the Western Ghats Butea monosperma were selected to explore its morphogenic potentialities under in vitro condition, to isolate active constituents from different plant part extracts and to evaluate pharmacological properties of the crude and isolated constituents for antipyretic, antidiabetic, disorders. The antipyretic potential of B. monosperma was evaluated using yeast induced pyrexia on Albino rats and petroleum ether extract exhibited significant antipyretic activity after 90 minutes (37.56±0.20) and 120 minutes (37.33± 0.14) as compared to standard group (37.38±0.18). In view of the alleged antidiabetic potential of B. monsperma plant and for the claim that their leaves and stem possesses more curative properties in general, among the different extracts of B. monsperma, significant antidiabetic activity was noticed in animal groups treated with ethanol extract of stem, it had exhibited highly significant antidiabetic activity after 3 hours of administration of extract (263.53±6.28).
ADVERTISING AND INDICATIONS FOR DRUG USE. REPLY

To the Editor? Since the release of ciprofloxacin, I have been concerned about the advertisements by the company promoting its use in lower respiratory tract infections. A dose of 500-750 mg of ciprofloxacin achieves a peak serum level of ~4-6 Mg/ml, just over the MIC of the drug for Streptococcus pneumoniae [X]. Several reports of ciprofloxacin failure in the treatment of pneumococcal infections have been published [2, 3]. A major textbook of infectious diseases states that this drug should not be used to treat community-acquired or aspiration pneumonia because of reduced pneumococcal and anaerobic activity [1]. Recently, a 67-year-old woman with bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia who had not responded to 750 mg of ciprofloxacin twice a day by mouth was admitted for treatment. The referring physician was surprised by the isolation of S. pneumoniae, as the ads for ciprofloxacin claim it is effective for pneumonia in the elderly. Indeed, the advertisement for ciprofloxacin in the December issue of The Journal of Infectious Diseases suggests
Effect of ablation of capsaicin-sensitive neurons on gastric protection by honey and sucralfate.

Backgroud/Aims: Accumulating evidence indicates that capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurons play a pivotal role in acute gastroprotection by liberating vasodilator substances. The mechanism of gastric protection by honey and sucralfate has been shown to be mediated through the vasodilator nitric oxide and cytoprotective sulphydryl-sensitive pathways in the stomach. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurons in the protective mechanism of honey and sucralfate against ethanol-induced gastric lesions. Methodology: Ablation of capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurons was carried out by treating rats with neurotoxic doses of capsaicin (50+50 mg/kg subcutaneously over 2 consecutive days). The control groups received equal volumes of the vehicle (10% ethanol + 10% Tween 80 + 80% normal saline). The non-protein sulphydryl level was determined spectrophotometrically. Results: Afferent sensory nerve ablation significantly aggravated ethanol-induced gastric lesions and caused a greater depletion of non-protein sulphydryl levels. Pretreatment with honey (0.078-0.625g/kg, orally) or sucralfate (0.062- 0.250 g/kg, orally) 30 min before adminitration of the ethanol prevented ethanol-induced gastric lesions and the depletion of non-protein sulphydryls in vehicle-treated rats. However, honey failed to afford protection or reverse non-protein sulphydryl depletion, while sucralfate was effective in the capsaicin-treated animals. The protective effect of sucralfate was lost in both groups following pretreatment with indomethacin (10 mg/kg, subcutaneously), while honey-induced protection was unaffected. Conclusions: These results suggest that the gastric protection by honey is solely dependent on the presence of intact afferent sensory neurons, whereas sucralfate-induced gastroprotection is mediated through the afferent sensory neuron and prostaglandin systems. It seems that the non-protein sulphydryl level is affected by the ablation of sensory neurons and plays an important regulatory role in gastric protection.
Design and field-weakening performance of a synchronous reluctance motor with axially-laminated rotor

Axially-laminated reluctance motors can be designed to have high saliency and so offer very good performance in terms of torque capacity, power factor and efficiency. The paper presents the design and performance of a 7.5 kW 4-pole machine, using thin rotor laminations, which achieved an unsaturated saliency ratio of 12.5. Finite element analysis is used to predict machine parameters, paying special attention to modelling of the thin rotor elements and to saturation effect on the d-axis. Computed parameters are compared with test measurements, showing good agreement. Load tests with 50 Hz supply confirm the expected performance characteristics but also show the occurrence of additional losses associated with the axially-laminated rotor construction. A design modification to reduce the extra losses is demonstrated. A detailed investigation of field-weakening performance is reported, showing constant-power characteristics and good agreement between predicted and measured performance over a speed range of 2.25:1 above base speed.
DIAGNÓSTICOS DE ENFERMAGEM EM PESSOAS COM HIV/AIDS: ABORDAGEM BASEADA NO MODELO

Estudo objetivou identificar os diagnosticos de enfermagem em pessoas com HIV/aids hospitalizadas. Estudo transversal realizado com 30 pacientes internados na clinica de doencas infecciosas e parasitarias de um hospital universitario de Minas Gerais, no periodo de marco a setembro de 2011. Para identificacao dos diagnosticos foi utilizado a Taxonomia II da Nanda e um instrumento fundamentado no modelo conceitual de Horta. Os diagnosticos de enfermagem mais frequentes foram; protecao ineficaz 100%, risco para trauma vascular em 83,3%, nutricao desequilibrada: menos que as necessidades corporais em 76,7%, mobilidade fisica prejudicada em 53,3%, dor aguda em 53,3%. Estes diagnosticos direcionam o planejamento das intervencoes de enfermagem para as necessidades existentes com vistas a promocao da saude desses pacientes. Descritores: Diagnostico de Enfermagem; Processos de Enfermagem; Sindrome da Imunodeficiencia Adquirida.