Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Visual-Spatial Stimulation on Emergent Readers at Risk for Specific Learning Disability in Reading.

This study compared word recognition for words written in a traditional flat font to the same words written in a three-dimensional appearing font determined to create a right hemispheric stimulation. The participants were emergent readers enrolled in Montessori schools in the United States learning to read basic CVC (consonant, vowel, consonant) words and who were being taught with similar educational methodology. Analysis of error types for readers in the lower 20 th percentile showed that vowel or consonant substitutions were more frequent for males than females (p < 0.07), errors in which the students rhymed the word incorrectly with the previous word were more frequent in males (p < 0.026), and word guessing errors were more frequent in older students (p < 0.022). Letter/word transpositions (e.g., b/p; t/f; whole word, such as nap/pan were moderately more frequent for traditional flat print words (p < 0.043). Among the 23 students who scored in the lowest 10 th percentile (fewer than 42 out of 52 traditional flat print words read correctly), 9 increased their score by at least 10% in the three-dimensional appearing font when compared to their traditional flat print score; 5 of them increased by at least 20%. The largest improvement was from 35 traditional flat print words to 44 three-dimensional appearing prints, which translates to a 25.7% gain. For the student at risk for either a specific learning disability in reading or dyslexia, the use of three-dimensional font may provide enough a right hemispheric catalyst to increase the number of words recognized and read correctly.
'Sum over surfaces' form of loop quantum gravity

We derive a spacetime formulation of quantum general relativity from (hamiltonian) loop quantum gravity. In particular, we study the quantum propagator that evolves the 3-geometry in proper time. We show that the perturbation expansion of this operator is finite and computable order by order. By giving a graphical representation a' la Feynman of this expansion, we find that the theory can be expressed as a sum over topologically inequivalent (branched, colored) 2d surfaces in 4d. The contribution of one surface to the sum is given by the product of one factor per branching point of the surface. Therefore branching points play the role of elementary vertices of the theory. Their value is determined by the matrix elements of the hamiltonian constraint, which are known. The formulation we obtain can be viewed as a continuum version of Reisenberger's simplicial quantum gravity. Also, it has the same structure as the Ooguri-Crane-Yetter 4d topological field theory, with a few key differences that illuminate the relation between quantum gravity and TQFT. Finally, we suggests that certain new terms should be added to the hamiltonian constraint in order to implement a ``crossing'' symmetry related to 4d diffeomorphism invariance.
Natural ventilation and the effect on thermal comfort as sustainable strategies in dry hot arid climate : a Case study in Damascus

Dry-hot arid climate has specific characteristic especially in Mediterranean area, and traditional houses, which offer good examples for adaptive and sustainable respond. This paper aims to help promote energy efficient architectural design in dry-hot arid climate by reviving the use of natural ventilation process (cross ventilation, single side ventilation ‘stock ‘) and positive envelope properties of the traditional houses and urban traditional environment for courtyard housing clusters in a modern context. Such houses located in Damascus old city were traditionally renowned for their distinctive thermal comfort and adaptability. Four typical traditional houses are distributed inside and outside the ancient walls of old Damascus city (traditional urban environment, modern urban environment). Those houses are consist of two levels: the first represents the ground floor with heavy mass (stone), the second: with light mass (timber and dried mud structure). This house has different rooms size, windows distribution and different kinds of natural ventilation. Several monitoring data (air temperature, humidity and air velocity) were acquired during a hottest summer period, in parallel with occupancy survey, beside the studies of two houses, with the help of the dynamic computer simulations. The paper shows results of air temperature and other parameters related to different structure materials (intervention as concrete), natural ventilation, the opening windows (area and location), influence of urban environments. The comfort conditions were calculated according to adaptive model of ASHRAE and subjective survey are presented. Furthermore; simulation modelling was utilized to Verified results to contribute as strategies for sustainable design in this area.
Green synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes by pulsed laser ablation of titanium and graphite in deionised water

TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Master’s Degree Programme in Materials Science Engineering SINGH, AMANDEEP: Green synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes by pulsed laser ablation of titanium and graphite in deionised water. Master of Science Thesis, 72 pages November 2014 Major: Materials Technology Examiner: Professor Erkki Levänen, Doctoral Student Erkka Frankberg and Research Manager Jorma Vihinen
A New Makespan Estimation Model for Scientific Workflows on Heterogeneous Processing Systems

Scientific workflows epitomizing computation-intensive applications demand heterogeneous processing resources for attaining high performance. Generally, optimal scheduling of the tasks in workflow is well-acknowledged NP-complete problem. In the present work, a new makespan estimation model is proposed to estimate the bounds on the makespan of the workflows using minimal information. The performance of the proposed estimation model is evaluated using four scientific workflows and the estimation of the makespan computed by the model is compared with the actual makespan generated by the most-cited heuristic scheduling algorithms devised for heterogeneous processing systems. The experimental results revealed that the proposed estimation model is effective and can precisely estimate the makespan of the workflows with an error of over 10% and 26% for computation-intensive and data-intensive workflows respectively.
Economic Study of Unemployment in Egypt and Impacts on GDP

Unemployment is considered one of the most important and serious problems most countries suffer, where it results in negative impacts on the national economy. The volume of labor force in Egypt amounted to some 23.9 million persons in 2007, whereas the volume of national unemployment amounted to some 1.87 million persons representing 7.8% of the total labor force in 2007, and the volume of agricultural unemployment amounted to730 thousand representing 34.2% of the national unemployment. The current study revealed that, the volumes of national and agricultural unemployment have been growing at statistically significant annual amounts estimated at 64 and 22 thousand persons during the study period (2000-2007), respectively. However, the rate of unemployment in urban areas surpassed that in rural areas during 2007, indicating that the agricultural sector has the capacity to absorb more labor. The indicted that, the rate of unemployed persons holding middle-education degrees ranked on top of the total unemployed persons, both in urban and rural areas, which can be attributed to the absent link between the level of education and the real needs of the labor market. The study showed that, the most important factors contributing to the rising volume of national unemployment include privatization and inflation, and that increases in agricultural investments and agricultural domestic product resulted in raising the volume of agricultural unemployment. The resulted data showed that, the increases in exchange rate and per capita share of GDP are the most important factors contributing to increasing GDP. Therefore, the research recommends exerting efforts to redistribute investments in the field of agriculture, and lowering interest rates to promote investments, reduce the rates of agricultural unemployment, and boost the volume of GDP. In addition, the research recommends amending the implemented privatization policies, the application of which led to raising both the national and agricultural unemployment rates in Egypt. (Nature and Science 2010;8(10):102-111). (ISSN: 1545-0740).
Development and the Environment

In India, the government provides agricultural electricity subsidies amounting to 85% of the average cost of supply to encourage agricultural production and economic growth, especially among the rural poor. However, these agricultural input subsidies may compromise environmental quality and have the potential to reduce agricultural output in the long run. This article provides an overview of these subsidies in India, detailing the rationale behind their introduction and their evolution over time. It then examines the benefits of the subsidies, notably a rise in agricultural productivity and an increase in rural incomes. In addition, it considers the environmental and economic costs of this policy: accelerated groundwater extraction, increased electricity usage and in turn greenhouse gas emissions, a contribution to the intermittent and low-quality electricity service characteristic of India, and potential impacts on industrial growth. The authors then broaden the lessons learned from electricity subsidies in India to other countries and contextualize these findings within the discussion on environment and development.
Analysis of Incomplete Data Using Inverse Probability Weighting and Doubly Robust Estimators

This article reviews inverse probability weighting methods and doubly robust estimation methods for the analysis of incomplete data sets. We first consider methods for estimating a population mean when the outcome is missing at random, in the sense that measured covariates can explain whether or not the outcome is observed. We then sketch the rationale of these methods and elaborate on their usefulness in the presence of influential inverse weights. We finally outline how to apply these methods in a variety of settings, such as for fitting regression models with incomplete outcomes or covariates, emphasizing the use of standard software programs.
Ikimokyklinio ugdymo pedagogų patirtinio mokymosi raiška organizacijoje: įsitraukimas į procesą ir žinių tipai

Anotacija. Straipsnyje analizuojama ikimokyklinio ugdymo pedagogų patirtinio mokymosi organizacijoje žinių reikšmingumo problema, pagrindžiama mokymosi organizacijoje esmė, įsitraukimo svarba. Konceptualizuojant šiuos konstruktus parenkamos tyrimo priemonės, o atlikto tyrimo duomenys leido išskirti įsitraukimo į patirtinį mokymąsi organizacijoje ypatybes, nustatyti žinių tipus ir apibūdinti jų reikšmingumą. Tyrimo išvados yra reikšmingos įgalinant pedagogų patirtinio mokymosi procesus organizacijoje.
Achieving Efficient Multi-Keyword Ranked Search over Encrypted Cloud Data Using Bloom Filters

In emerging cloud computing, a central application is to outsource the files and record belonging to its user, to outer cloud servers for adaptable information storage. The outsourced documents and files should be encrypted because of the protection and secrecy worries of their proprietor. As there is large amount data present in the cloud it is very important to have a multi-keyword search over the encrypted data. Essentially huge amount of data is present on cloud and providing it for any time on demand request is difficult and is challenging. As searching is time consuming process it is important to provide multi keyword search giving a ranking result to get effective data. To maintain accuracy of search result and also provide better searching experience, it is important for such ranking system to provide multiple keyword searches, as single keyword search gives lots of noisy data. However, for privacy requirement encryption should be done on the sensitive data before outsourcing it, which obsoletes data utilization like information retrieval based on keyword. The main goal of efficient and secure search is building up the searchable encryption for multi-keyword ranked search over the scalable data documents that are stored on cloud.
The Pill and the College Attainment of American Women and Men

This paper considers the educational consequences of the increased ability of young women to delay childbearing as a result of the birth control pill. In order to identify the effects of the pill, I utilize quasi-experimental variation in U.S. state laws governing access to contraception among female adolescents during the 1960s and 1970s. Inference based on these laws indicates that unconstrained access to the pill increased female college enrollment rates by over 2 percentage points and reduced the dropout rate by over 5 percentage points. Further, early pill access led to a rise in college completion of approximately three quarters of a percentage point among women over the age of thirty. Finally, I analyze the outcomes of men in relation to the contraceptive laws, finding evidence that male educational opportunities also improved due to reductions in undesired early fertility among their female partners.
Exploring and Optimizing Chipkill-Correct for Persistent Memory Based on High-Density NVRAMs

Emerging high-density non-volatile random access memories (NVRAMs) can significantly enhance server main memory by providing both higher memory density and fast persistent memory. An unique design requirement for server main memory is strong reliability because uncorrectable errors can cause a system crash or permanent data loss. Traditional dynamic random access memory (DRAM) subsystems have used chipkill-correct to provide this reliability, while storage systems provide similar protection using very long ECC words (VLEWs). This paper presents an efficient chipkill-correct scheme for persistent memory based on high-density NVRAMs. For efficiency, the scheme decouples error correction at boot time from error correction at runtime. At boot time, when bit error rates are higher, the scheme uses VLEWs to efficiently ensure reliable data survival for a week to a year without refresh by correcting a large number of bit errors at low storage cost. At runtime, when bit error rates are lower, it reuses each memory block's chip failure protection bits to opportunistically correct bit errors at high performance. The proposal incurs a total storage cost of 27%. Compared to a bit error correction scheme, the proposal adds chip failure protection at no additional storage cost and at 2% average performance overhead.
Ontological approach to modelling of discrete event dynamic system

The mathematical model of discrete event dynamic system is considered. The main problem was to construct this model in Event-space so that it should be conceptually based on the same idea that this of differential system models generally given in the algebraic form as an action of monoid in State-space. The construction was realized by using the Ontological approach.
Brain Network Metabolic Changes in Patients with Parkinsonian Tremors

Functional neuroimaging and modern multivariate analysis techniques have greatly contributed to research into the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and new treatments of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). The pathogenesis of PD symptoms, especially akinesia and rigidity, is associated with abnormalities of corticostriato-pallido-thalamocortical circuits. Although a resting tremor is one of the cardinal features of PD, the pathophysiology underlying this symptom is unclear and is thought to differ from those of akinesia and rigidity. The application of network analyses to metabolic positron emission tomography scans of patients with PD has provided valuable information concerning functional neural connectivity and identified the patterns of covariance that are specific to the motor manifestations and many nonmotor features of the disease, such as cognitive dysfunction. Functional imaging methods have revealed PD-specific brain activation patterns, including a parkinsonian tremor-related net‐ work. Network-based algorithms might aid in the clinical diagnosis of patients with PD from early symptoms and provide objective evidence of treatment responses.
Gut Health Management The role of Short Chain Fatty Acids and Prebiotics

Antibiotics in feed have been used to address this imbalance. Today, world over, there is a move away from the use of antibiotics in feed prompted by legislation and consumer resistance. In the absence of this option, the industry has explored several approaches towards gut modulation and optimization including the use of probiotics, prebiotics, short chain fatty acids, herbs and spices, essential oils, enzymes etc.
Towards end-user development for chronic disease management

Although developments in modern medicine continue to reduce premature death from acute illnesses, chronic diseases are now pervading the resultant aging population at a growing rate. Such diseases cannot be cured with drugbased treatment, but can be controlled with patients’ regular monitoring of their symptoms and consequent lifestyle changes. However, this level of sustained engagement outside face-toface appointments places a considerable burden upon patients. Smartphones are suitable platforms to support both patients in engaging with self-management plans, and clinicians in directly monitoring the influence of these plans. Bespoke applications exist for such purposes, yet the diversity in patients’ lifestyles and levels of engagement necessitates many new or personalised applications. One approach, to solve these problems at scale, is with end-user development. This paper reports the findings from interviews with clinicians, and ethnographic observation in chronic disease management clinics, to derive requirements of end-user development technology to support clinicians and patients in tailored management of their diseases. Time and quality are key factors towards stakeholders’ acceptance of chronic disease management with end-user development.
Temporal instability modes of supersonic round jets

In this study, a comprehensive inviscid temporal stability analysis of a compressible round jet is performed for Mach numbers ranging from 1 to 10. We show that in addition to the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability modes, there exist for each azimuthal wavenumber three other types of modes (counterflow subsonic waves, subsonic waves and supersonic waves) whose characteristics are analysed in detail using a WKBJ theory in the limit of large axial wavenumber. The theory is constructed for any velocity and temperature profile. It provides the phase velocity and the spatial structure of the modes and describes qualitatively the effects of base-flow modifications on the mode characteristics. The theoretical predictions are compared with numerical results obtained for an hyperbolic tangent model and a good agreement is demonstrated. The results are also discussed in the context of jet noise. We show how the theory can be used to determine a priori the impact of jet modifications on the noise induced by instability.
Security in Routing Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks

In this paper, we discuss security issues and their current solutions in the ad hoc Networks. Ad hoc networks are a key factor in the evolution of wireless communications. An ad hoc wireless network is a collection of wireless nodes that self-configure to construct a network without the need for any established infrastructure or backbone. Security in ad hoc network is a grand challenge problem now a day. To enhance the security levels in the routing protocol to prevent the network against active and passive attacks without the presence of central authority. A peer review process has been introduced to check the integrity and non-repudiation of the routing packets and key exchange packets. Many of the ad hoc routing protocols that address security issues rely on implicit trust relationships to route packets among participating nodes. The general security objectives like authentication, confidentiality, integrity, availability and nonrepudiation, the ad hoc routing protocols should also address location confidentiality, cooperation fairness and absence of traffic diversion. Various approaches and protocols have been proposed to address ad hoc networking problems, and multiple standardization efforts are under way within the Internet Engineering Task Force, as well as academic and industrial research projects. In this paper we attempt to analyze threats faced by the ad hoc network environment and provide a classification of the various security mechanisms.
B fields in OB stars (BOB): The discovery of a magnetic field in a multiple system in the Trifid nebula, one of the youngest star forming regions

Aims. Recent magnetic field surveys in O- and B-type stars revealed that about 10% of the core-hydrogen-burning massive stars host large-scale magnetic fields. The physical origin of these fields is highly debated. To identify and model the physical processes responsible for the generation of magnetic fields in massive stars, it is important to establish whether magnetic massive stars are found in very young star-forming regions or whether they are formed in close interacting binary systems. Methods. In the framework of our ESO Large Program, we carried out low-resolution spectropolarimetric observations with FORS 2 in 2013 April of the three most massive central stars in the Trifid nebula, HD 164492A, HD 164492C, and HD 164492D. These observations indicated a strong longitudinal magnetic field of about 500-600 G in the poorly studied component HD 164492C. To confirm this detection, we used HARPS in spectropolarimetric mode on two consecutive nights in 2013 June. Results. Our HARPS observations confirmed the longitudinal magnetic field in HD 164492C. Furthermore, the HARPS observations revealed that HD 164492C cannot be considered as a single star as it possesses one or two companions. The spectral appearance indicates that the primary is most likely of spectral type B1-B1.5 V. Since in both observing nights most spectral lines appear blended, it is currently unclear which components are magnetic. Long-term monitoring using high-resolution spectropolarimetry is necessary to separate the contribution of each component to the magnetic signal. Given the location of the system HD 164492C in one of the youngest star formation regions, this system can be considered as a Rosetta Stone for our understanding of the origin of magnetic fields in massive stars.
Insights into the water mean transit time in a high-elevation tropicalecosystem

Abstract. This study focuses on the investigation of the mean transit time (MTT) of water and its spatial variability in a tropical high-elevation ecosystem (wet Andean paramo). The study site is the Zhurucay River Ecohydrological Observatory (7.53 km2) located in southern Ecuador. A lumped parameter model considering five transit time distribution (TTD) functions was used to estimate MTTs under steady-state conditions (i.e., baseflow MTT). We used a unique data set of the δ18O isotopic composition of rainfall and streamflow water samples collected for 3 years (May 2011 to May 2014) in a nested monitoring system of streams. Linear regression between MTT and landscape (soil and vegetation cover, geology, and topography) and hydrometric (runoff coefficient and specific discharge rates) variables was used to explore controls on MTT variability, as well as mean electrical conductivity (MEC) as a possible proxy for MTT. Results revealed that the exponential TTD function best describes the hydrology of the site, indicating a relatively simple transition from rainfall water to the streams through the organic horizon of the wet paramo soils. MTT of the streams is relatively short (0.15–0.73 years, 53–264 days). Regression analysis revealed a negative correlation between the catchment's average slope and MTT (R2 = 0.78, p