Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Nutritional interventions to reduce symptoms in children and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a scoping review protocol.

REVIEW QUESTION/OBJECTIVE The objective of this scoping review is to examine and map reported nutritional interventions and their outcomes in relieving symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the daily lives of children and adults. A further objective is to determine if experiences of people diagnosed with ADHD, their relatives or staff in being on a diet or having to eat or avoid eating specific food items have been reported in the existing literature.Specifically the scoping review questions are.
The Liveness of WS3PR: Complexity and Decision

Petri nets are a kind of formal language that are widely applied in concurrent systems associated with resource allocation due to their abilities of the natural description on resource allocation and the precise characterization on deadlock. Weighted System of Simple Sequential Processes with Resources (WS3PR) is an important subclass of Petri nets that can model many resource allocation systems in which 1) multiple processes may run in parallel and 2) each execution step of each process may use multiple units from a single resource type but cannot use multiple resource types. We first prove that the liveness problem of WS3PR is co-NP-hard on the basis of the partition problem. Furthermore, we present a necessary and sufficient condition for the liveness of WS3PR based on two new concepts called Structurally Circular Wait (SCW) and Blocking Marking (BM), i.e., a WS3PR is live iff each SCW has no BM. A sufficient condition is also proposed to guarantee that an SCW has no BM. Additionally, we show some advantages of using SCW to analyze the deadlock problem compared to other siphon-based ones, and discuss the relation between SCW and siphon. These results are valuable to the further research on the deadlock prevention or avoidance for WS3PR. key words: concurrent systems, Petri nets, liveness, deadlock, resource allocation
Preoperative and postoperative medications used for cataract surgery.

The current state of cataract surgery for the millennium may be stated as "minimally invasive techniques. " This review presents recent articles on the perioperative use of antibiotics (primarily fluoroquinolones), nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (Voltaren and ketorolac), and new corticosteroids (rimexolone and loteprednol etabonate). Preoperative topical application of ofloxacin or ciprofloxacin results in a satisfactory minimal inhibitory concentration for most pathogens. However, one cannot determine the actual effect of intraoperative antibiotics on acute postoperative endophthalmitis, because of its low overall incidence. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, especially Voltaren, may offer equivalent antiinflammatory efficacy (for both postoperative inflammation and cystoid macular edema) without the typically corticosteroid-associated adverse events. Rimexolone and loteprednol etabonate, two new corticosteroids, may offer good antiinflammatory efficacy with greatly reduced risk for elevation of intraocular pressure.
Ability of Various Dairy Proteins to Reduce Pink Color Development in Cooked Ground Turkey Breast

ABSTRACT: Dairy proteins were evaluated for their ability to reduce pink color in ground turkey samples. Sodiumnitrite and nicotinamide were added to induce pink color formation. Nonfat dry milk (NFDM) and 1 of the wheyprotein concentrates (WPC) reduced CIE a* values in samples containing 10 ppm sodium nitrite. All of the dairyproteins tested reduced CIE a* values in nicotinamide-treated samples. In samples prepared without nicotinamideor nitrite, only WPC reduced CIE a* values, while the other proteins tested had no effect or increased redness. NFDMor specific WPC proteins could be used to reduce the pink color defect and increase yield.Key Words: poultry, pinking, whey, casein, caseinate Introduction T HE SPONTANEOUS AND UNEXPLAINABLE OCCURRENCE within each of the ligand treatments (Table 1). The increase in OF A pink color in cooked, uncured turkey is a problem the poultry in-dustry has faced for many years. Many causes have been blamedfor this defect, including nitrite or nitrate contamination (Ahn andMaurer 1987; Froning and others 1969; Mugler and others 1970;Nash and others 1985), oven gasses (Pool 1956), heat stability of cy-tochrome c (Girard and others 1990), and the formation of dena-tured globin and nicotinamide hemochromes (Cornforth and oth-ers 1986). Even with the large amount of research devoted to thepink color defect, this problem is still prevalent in the industry.Dobson and Cornforth (1992) examined the ability of nonfatdry milk (NFDM) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) to reducepink color development of stored turkey samples. The authorsbased their research on reports that NFDM was able to lightenthe color of bologna (Rongey and Bratzler 1966) and that calciumcaseinate had a whitening effect on chicken meat (van den Hov-en 1987). NFDM was found to reduce red color development inthe samples. However, WPC increased the redness (Hunter a) toa level that was “visibly pink” upon cutting. Dobson and Corn-forth (1992) speculated that NFDM’s ability to reduce the pinkcolor in turkey could be related to an increase of the oxidation-re-duction potential leading to a reduction in the formation of de-natured hemochromes.Schwarz and others (1997) found that NFDM reduced red col-or when sodium nitrite (150 ppm), nicotinamide (1.0%), or noligand was added. The ligands were added to the meat system inorder to induce a pink color in the cooked turkey. The level of ni-trite added by Schwarz and others (1997) would not be indicativeof a contamination event but rather of a purposeful addition toproduce a cured product.The objective of this research was to determine the effective-ness of 7 commercially available dairy proteins on the reduction ofpink color development in ground turkey breast samples treatedto display a pink color. The pink color was induced in the productsby the addition of 10 ppm nitrite or 1.0% nicotinamide.
The Use of Higher Platelet: RBC Transfusion Ratio in the Acute Phase of Trauma Resuscitation A Systematic Review*

Objective:With the recognition of early coagulopathy, trauma resuscitation has shifted toward liberal platelet transfusions. The overall benefit of this strategy remains controversial. Our objective was to compare the effects of a liberal use of platelet (higher platelet:RBC ratios) with a conservative approach (lower ratios) in trauma resuscitation. Data Sources:We systematically searched Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Biosis, Cochrane Central, and Scopus. Study Selection:Two independent reviewers selected randomized controlled trials and observational studies comparing two or more platelet:RBC ratios in trauma resuscitation. We excluded studies investigating the use of whole blood or hemostatic products. Data Extraction:Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. Primary outcomes were early (in ICU or within 30 d) and late (in hospital or after 30 d) mortality. Secondary outcomes were multiple organ failure, lung injury, and sepsis. Data Synthesis:From 6,123 citations, no randomized controlled trials were identified. We included seven observational studies (4,230 patients) addressing confounders through multivariable regression or propensity scores. Heterogeneity of studies precluded meta-analysis. Among the five studies including exclusively patients requiring massive transfusions, four observed a lower mortality with higher ratios. Two studies considering nonmassively bleeding patients observed no benefit of using higher ratios. Two studies evaluated the implementation of a massive transfusion protocol; only one study observed a decrease in mortality with higher ratios. Of the two studies at low risk of survival bias, one study observed a survival benefit. Three studies assessed secondary outcomes. One study observed an increase in multiple organ failure with higher ratios, whereas no study demonstrated an increased risk in lung injury or sepsis. Conclusions:There is insufficient evidence to strongly support the use of a precise platelet:RBC ratio for trauma resuscitation, especially in nonmassively bleeding patients. Randomized controlled trials evaluating both the safety and efficacy of liberal platelet transfusions are warranted.
Climate Change and Infectious Diseases in Australia: Future Prospects, Adaptation Options, and Research Priorities

Climate change will have significant and diverse impacts on human health. These impacts will include changes in infectious disease incidence. In this article, the authors review the current situation and potential future climate change impacts for respiratory, diarrheal, and vector-borne diseases in Australia. Based on this review, the authors suggest adaptive strategies within the health sector and also recommend future research priorities.
The New Generation of Antiepileptic Drugs: Unresolved Questions

IN THIS ISSUE of The Annals, Luer and Rhoney 1 present a review on the latest antiepileptic drug (AED) to be marketed in the US for the adjunctive treatment of partial seizures, tiagabine (Gabitril). This is the fifth new AED to be released in the past 5 years. Prior to 1993, the last AED to be approved for seizures/epilepsy was valproic acid in 1978. Clinicians and patients now have at their disposal an impressive, and perhaps confusing, array of new drug technologies for the treatment of various seizure disorders. Why has this flurry of activity occurred? Are these new AEDs true advancements or just minor modifications? How can clinicians assess the role that each of the new AEDs may have in the clinical care of the patient with epilepsy? Fundamentally, the question that we must address is, Do we really need and should we afford all these new AEDs? History
Twittering to increase student engagement in the university classroom

In this paper, we explored the research question: Does Twitter in a large-lecture format university course produced a difference in levels of self-reported student engagement? To do so, we utilize a quasi-experimental design testing the effect of Twitter on student engagement in introductory sociology and anthropology courses. Our hypotheses predicted that students using Twitter would report higher levels of five forms of student engagement (academic, intellectual, peer, and beyond-class engagement, along with an overall engagement variable). While peer-reviewed literature and others’ anecdotal reporting would lead us to expect a positive result, we found no significant difference in any form of engagement when Twitter was part of the course than when it was not. In fact, we found that students enrolled in the control (non-Twitter) condition perceived significantly higher levels of academic engagement then those in the experimental (used Twitter) condition. We also included a second set of hypothesis predicting that students who reported enjoying using Twitter would perceive of themselves as more engaged than those who did not enjoy Twitter. These hypotheses were supported across all forms of engagement. We report these findings and utilize comments from an open-ended questionnaire to explore potential reasons accounting for these differences and how students perceived Twitter as a classroom tool. https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel. 2012.04. 026
New cytological findings on fine‐needle aspiration of renal collecting duct carcinoma

Dear Dr. Bedrossian: We recently observed three cases of renal collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology and had read about CDC in Diagnostic Cytopathology.1–4 The cytological characteristics of CDC have been rarely described in single cases and small series:1–5 cohesive groups with glandular features, tubular-solid and/or papillary-like patterns, with and without vascular core; background not so hemorrhagic as in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), with few histiocytes (compared with clear or papillary variants RCC); a higher N/C ratio than RCC cells, with a higher grade of malignancy;2 eccentric, polar, seldom hobnail-type nucleus, with irregular nuclear membrane, coarser chromatin texture, prominent single or multiple nucleoli, binucleated and giant cells; dense cytoplasm with few empty vesicles or mucin droplets, without the extensive microvacuolar appearance of clear cells. We think that all these features are too generic to exclude a metastatic adenocarcinoma6 or a urothelial high-grade carcinoma. In our cases (two primary and a pleural metastasis), we observed four main diagnostic cytological features that could suggest the presurgical diagnosis of CDC:
Two thirds of trusts in England fail to meet new accident and emergency target

Nearly 70% of trusts in England failed to meet the government’s new target on assessing patients in accident and emergency (A&E) departments, show figures published on 26 August. Of 178 trusts, 125 missed the target of assessing at least 95% of people within 15 minutes of their arrival at A&E, including emergency attendances at minor injuries units and walk-in centres. Nearly half of all trusts failed to assess patients within one hour. The new data also show that an average of 7.5% of patients return to A&E departments within one week of being seen previously. The Department of Health suggests that only …
Measurement of Tibial Torsion by Ultrasound

A method of measuring tibial torsion with ultrasound, using reference lines on the tibia, was developed and tested on dry adult tibiae. This technique was used for evaluation of a group of children with apparently normal tibiae and another group of children with spina bifida, cerebral palsy, or clubfoot. The study showed that it is possible to measure true tibial torsion (rather than tibiofibular torsion) with ultrasound. The technique was found to be reliable and accurate enough for routine clinical use and had advantages over clinical methods and other radiographic imaging techniques. Values obtained by this technique are higher than those obtained by methods using the bimalleolar axis as the distal reference line.
Immunogenicity and Safety of Intradermal Influenza Immunization at a Reduced Dose in Healthy Children

OBJECTIVES. We conducted this study to test the hypothesis that intradermal influenza vaccination at one fifth of a standard dose elicits comparable immunogenicity to full-dose intramuscular vaccination in children. PATIENTS AND METHODS. We conducted a randomized, open-label study in 112 healthy children aged 3 to <18 years to compare the immunogenicity and safety of intradermal vaccination at one fifth of a dose with standard intramuscular vaccination. Analyses of hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers to each antigen in each group included geometric mean titers before and 21 days after vaccination, fold increase in geometric mean titers after vaccination, seroprotection rate, and seroconversion rate. RESULTS. The mean age of the subjects was 10.11 ± 4.04 years in the intradermal vaccination group and 10.57 ± 3.91 years in the intramuscular group. Intradermal vaccination was safe. Induration and mild erythema at the injection site were reported at 25% and 57%, respectively, in the intradermal group. Fold increase of geometric mean titers against influenza A/Caledonia was robust in both groups (11.1-fold and 12.9-fold increase in the intramuscular and intradermal groups, respectively), whereas that for B/Shandong was more modest (4.3–4.4). Both approaches elicited very high geometric mean titers against influenza A/Panama: 1360.5 and 893.9 for the intramuscular and intradermal groups, respectively, but because the prevaccination antibody titers were high, the fold increase of geometric mean titers was only 4.5 and 2.6, respectively. CONCLUSION. The immunogenicity of one fifth of a dose of influenza vaccine delivered by the intradermal route is comparable to the standard-dose intramuscular vaccination in children as young as 3 years of age.
Pancreatic cancer treatment in the U.S. veteran from 1987 to 1991: Effect of tumor stage on survival

To assess the outcomes after pancreatic cancer treatment in a nationwide hospital system, patients treated in Department of Veterans Affairs (DVA) hospitals from 1987 to 1991 were studied by tumor stage, the most significant reported influence on survival. Tumor registrars from DVA hospitals provided information that allowed TNM staging in 598 patients, and duration of survival from treatment to death was known in 96+% of cases.
Haptoglobin and malaria

Abstract Haptoglobin gene knockout mice and wild-type controls were infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA or Plasmodium chabaudi. The peak parasitaemia and parasite burden were higher in Hp-/- mice than in Hp+/+ mice. The increase in spleen weight following malaria infection was smaller in Hp-/- mice than in Hp+/+ animals. The occurrence of cerebral malaria in P. berghei ANKA infection was not different in Hp gene knockout mice and their controls.
Apolipoprotein E Modulates Clearance of Apoptotic Bodies In Vitro and In Vivo, Resulting in a Systemic Proinflammatory State in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice1

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a 34-kDa glycoprotein involved in lipoprotein transport through interaction with the low-density lipoprotein receptor and related receptors. Recently, it has become clear that apoE binding to its receptors plays a role both in development and in control of the immune system. In this study, we show that apoE modulates the rate of uptake of apoptotic cells by macrophages. In vitro, apoE-deficient macrophages ingest less apoptotic thymocytes (but not latex beads) than wild-type macrophages, and this defect can be corrected by addition of exogenous apoE protein. In vivo, the number of dying macrophages is increased in a range of tissues, including lung and brain. Possibly in response to the larger numbers of persistent apoptotic bodies, the number of live macrophages in these tissues are also increased compared with those of wild-type control mice. In addition to the significant changes in macrophage population dynamics we observed, levels of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α and the positive acute phase reactant fibrinogen are also elevated in the livers from apoE-deficient mice. In contrast, neither deletion of the gene encoding the LDL receptor nor cholesterol feeding of wild-type mice affected either the number of apoptotic bodies or the number of live macrophages. We conclude that apoE deficiency results in impaired clearance of apoptotic cell remnants and a functionally relevant systemic proinflammatory condition in mice, independent of its role in lipoprotein metabolism. Any similar reduction of apoE activity in humans may contribute to the pathogenesis of a wide range of chronic diseases including atherosclerosis, dementia, and osteoporosis.
In vitro free radical scavenging effect of Butea monosperma leaf extracts

INTRODUCTION Antioxidants protect living organisms from damage caused by uncontrolled production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the concomitant lipid peroxidation, protein damage and DNA strand breaking. Current interest is focused on the potential role of antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes in the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis, heart failure, neurodegenerative disorders, aging, cancer, diabetes mellitus and several others diseases. [1] Antioxidants are supplemented to a variety of foods to prevent free radical induced lipid peroxidation, which is responsible for the development of off-flavors and the undesirable chemical compounds in food. [2] These ROS cause destructive and irreversible damage to the components of a cell, such as lipids, proteins DNA and other macromolecules. Although normal cells possess antioxidant defense systems against ROS in the cells induces diseases such as cancer and aging. [3] ROS are formed and degraded by all aerobic organisms. ROS can readily react with most biomolecules including proteins, lipids, lipoproteins and DNA. Exogenous chemical and endogenous metabolic processes in the human body or in the food system might produce highly reactive oxygen species, which are capable of oxidizing biological molecules, resulting in tissue damage and cell death. When the mechanism of antioxidant protection becomes unbalanced by exogenous and endogenous factors, it results in inflammation, diabetes, genotoxicity, cancer and accelerating aging. [4] Antioxidant supplements or foods containing antioxidants may be used to help the human body reduce oxidative damage. The most commonly used antioxidants are BHA, BHT, propyl gallate and tertbutyl-hydroquinone. [5] However, they have been suspected of being responsible for liver damage and carcinogenesis in laboratory animals. Therefore, the development and use of more effective antioxidants is desired. Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. (Family: Leguminosae: Papilionoideae), commonly known as Palash in Sanskrit and Bengali and Flame of the Forest in English is a It is a medium-sized dry season deciduous tree indigenous to tropical and sub-tropical parts of the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia. It is grown throughout the Indian subcontinent as ornamental plant for its bright orange flowers and Research Article
HOXA9 Modulates Its Oncogenic Partner Meis1 To Influence Normal Hematopoiesis

ABSTRACT While investigating the mechanism of action of the HOXA9 protein, we serendipitously identified Meis1 as a HOXA9 regulatory target. Since HOXA9 and MEIS1 play key developmental roles, are cooperating DNA binding proteins and leukemic oncoproteins, and are important for normal hematopoiesis, the regulation of Meis1 by its partner protein is of interest. Loss of Hoxa9 caused downregulation of the Meis1 mRNA and protein, while forced HOXA9 expression upregulated Meis1. Hoxa9 and Meis1 expression was correlated in hematopoietic progenitors and acute leukemias. Meis1+/−Hoxa9−/− deficient mice, generated to test HOXA9 regulation of endogenous Meis1, were small and had reduced bone marrow Meis1 mRNA and significant defects in fluorescence-activated cell sorting-enumerated monocytes, mature and pre/pro-B cells, and functional B-cell progenitors. These data indicate that HOXA9 modulates Meis1 during normal murine hematopoiesis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis did not reveal direct binding of HOXA9 to Meis1 promoter/enhancer regions. However, Creb1 and Pknox1, whose protein products have previously been reported to induce Meis1, were shown to be direct targets of HOXA9. Loss of Hoxa9 resulted in a decrease in Creb1 and Pknox1 mRNA, and forced expression of CREB1 in Hoxa9−/− bone marrow cells increased Meis1 mRNA almost as well as HOXA9, suggesting that CREB1 may mediate HOXA9 modulation of Meis1 expression.