Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A resource-light phrase scheme for language-portable MT

The present article introduces a phrase-alignment approach that involves the processing of a small bilingual corpus in order to extract suitable structural information. This is used in the PRESEMT project, whose aim is the quick development of phrase-based Machine Translation (MT) systems for new language pairs. A main bottleneck of such systems is the need to create compatible parsing schemes in the source and target languages. This bottleneck is overcome by combining two modules, the Phrase aligner module and the Phrasing model generator, both of them being based on pattern recognition principles.
First -Line Defense Mechanisms in the Peritoneal Cavity during Peritoneal Dialysis

B acterial peritonitis remains one of the major problems in patients with end-stage renal fail ure undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD ). Besides the increased risk of microbial contamination of the peritoneal cavity via the peritoneal catheter (either intraluminal or periluminal passage), the high prevalence of peritonitis in PD patients may also be due to a reduced host resistance. Indications for defects in host defense mechanisms are the relatively avirulent nature of the bacteria that commonly cause peritoneal dialysis -related peritonitis (1) and the finding that some microorganisms such as coagulasenegative staphylococci may survive and grow within PDderived peritoneal macrophages (2). Both systemic and intraperitoneal host resistance may playa role in the development of infectious peritonitis. Systemic host resistance is influenced by multiple factors including uremia (3,4), diabetes, malnutrition, age, blood dyscrasias, and immunosuppressive therapy. In this article we will focus on the intraperitoneal host resistance during peritoneal dialysis. Both cellular and humoral aspects of host defense mechanisms in the peritoneal cavity will be discussed. To elucidate the influence of peritoneal dialysis on host resistance, we will compare the different aspects of the defense mechanisms in the peritoneal cavity during dialysis with those in a normal situation.
EFFECTS OF 5‐HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE ON THE CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW IN THE DOG

The cerebrovascular response to intravenously infused 5‐hydroxytryptamine was studied in anaesthetized dogs with the radioactive inert gas elimination technique with external γ‐registration. A strong vasoconstrictory effect was found, which could not be abolished by either metysergide or alpha‐blockade. The autoregulatory ability was found to be preserved. Even during arterial hypoxia, which has led to vasodilatation serotonin constricts the cerebral vessels.
A review and comparison of commercially available pan-sharpening techniques for high resolution satellite image fusion

High resolution panchromatic (Pan) and multispectral (MS) images from modern satellites have been increasingly used in remote sensing applications. Many pan-sharpening algorithms have been adopted by commercial remote sensing and GIS software packages. However, discrepant pan-sharpening results have been reported by different papers using different fusion techniques and images. There is a lack of common understanding of the performance of the techniques. The paper provides an overview and the results of a comprehensive test and evaluation of commercial techniques for pan-sharpening IKONOS, QuickBird, GeoEye-1, and WorldView-2 images.
OFDM / OQAM PREAMBLE-BASED LMMSE CHANNEL ESTIMATION TECHNIQUE

OFDM/OQAM is a special type of multi-carrier modulation that can be considered as an alternative to conventional OFDM with cyclic prefix (CP) for transmission over multipath fading channels. Indeed, as it requires no guard interval, it has the advantage of a theoretically higher spectral efficiency. In this paper, preamble-based least squares (LS) channel estimation in OFDM systems of the QAM and offset QAM (OQAM) types is considered, in both the frequency and the time domains. In this work a preamble-based linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) estimation technique for filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) modulations. Channel estimation considers as important process in digital communication systems, techniques have been developed to reduce the impact of noise on the channel estimation process. Until recently, nonorthogonal multicarrier modulations such as FBMC were unable to use OFDM-like estimation techniques due to the non-orthogonality. The interference approximation method (IAM) is one of the most popular methods among preamble based estimation techniques with a limited complexity. In this paper a unique combination of IAM and LMMSE based algorithm is proposed to achieve reliable LMMSE estimation approach in FBMC.
Women's satisfaction with hospital-based intrapartum care: A Jordanian study

Exploring patient satisfaction can contribute to quality maternity care but is not routinely conducted in many Middle Eastern countries. This study investigated the prevalence and factors associated with satisfaction during labor and birth among Jordanian women using a descriptive cross-sectional design. Women (n=298) were recruited from four maternal and child health centers in Al-Mafraq city, Jordan. Participants completed an intrapartum care scale which measured satisfaction with three areas of care: interpersonal, information and involvement in decision making, and physical environment. Overall, only 17.8% of women were satisfied with intrapartum care. Around 13% of women were satisfied with interpersonal care, 20.5% with information and involvement in decision making, and 18.8% with physical birth environment. Regression analyses revealed that low satisfaction was associated with experiencing an episiotomy, poor pain relief during labour, and vaginal birth. Health care professionals, policy-makers as well as hospital administrators need to consider the factors that contribute to low satisfaction with childbirth in any effort to improve care. Key words: Labour, birth, Jordan, maternity care, midwife, patient satisfaction.
THE INSTITUTIONAL COMPLEXITY OF BUSINESS SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (NATURE, INSTITUTIONS, MECHANISM)

Purpose: Business social responsibility or BSR is strengthened by innovative management and marketing practices of Russian enterprises to form their reputation capital and increase commercial benefits. The reasons of these ones are not able to explain in terms of full rationality. The aim of the paper is to examine nature and specifi city of BSR in institutional logics of the fi rm evolution. Methodology & Approach: The theoretical analyses presented in this paper are based on the tools of modern institutional theory and corporate management. BSR is considered as an institutional form of the compelled adaptation of corporations to growing requirements of civil society and regulators (protective reaction), as marketing technology of strengthening of a brand image (response) and as a way of expansion of norms and practices on counteragents and partners in global supply chains (return reaction). Implications for future research: The paper highlights the puzzling essence of BSR determined political, cultural and other social institutions which have produced exogenous effects on organizational behavior. Better understanding of an economic mechanism of introducing BSR institute into a representative firm accelerates the adaptive process of this transplanted institute. Findings: The system of institutions of the socio-responsible company is detailed. Positive effects, contradictions and the mechanism of social orientation of corporate sector are proved.
The Gamma-Convergence of a Sharp Interface Thin Film Model with Nonconvex Elastic Energy

We give results for the $\Gamma$-limit of a scaled elastic energy of a film as the thickness $h>0$ converges to zero. The elastic energy density models materials with multiple phases or variants and is thus nonconvex. The model includes an interfacial energy that allows sharp interfaces between the phases and variants and is proportional to the total variation of the deformation gradient.
Fuzzy control with passivity synthesis for continuous affine Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy systems

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a stability analysis and control synthesis for achieving passivity properties of a class of continuous‐time nonlinear systems. These nonlinear systems are represented via continuous affine Takagi‐Sugeno (T‐S) fuzzy models, which played an important role in nonlinear control systems. The affine T‐S fuzzy models are more approximate than homogeneous T‐S fuzzy models for modeling nonlinear systems. Using the energy concept of passivity theory with Lyapunov function, the conditions are derived to ensure the passivity and stability of nonlinear systems. Based on the parallel distribution compensation (PDC) technique, this paper proposes a fuzzy controller design approach to achieve the passivity and stability for the continuous affine T‐S fuzzy systems.Design/methodology/approach – For solving stability and stabilization problems of affine T‐S fuzzy models, the conversion techniques and passive theory are employed to derive the stability conditions. By applying.
The effect of induced alkalosis and acidosis on endurance running at an intensity corresponding to 4 mM blood lactate.

Abstract Short-term exercise is favourably affected by induced alkalosis and adversely affected by induced acidosis, although no study has examined these effects on prolonged high intensity exercise. This study examined the effects of induced alkalosis and acidosis on treadmill running at a velocity corresponding to a blood lactate concentration of 4mM (V-4mM). The V-4mM was determined in seven healthy males using a continuous incremental test. Each subject then ran to exhaustion at an individually determined V-4mM on three separate occasions, following the ingestion of 0·2gkg body weight−1 of either sodium bicarbonate (B), ammonium chloride (A) or sodium chloride (placebo, PL). Finger-prick blood samples were taken prior to ingestion, pre-exercise and post-exercise. The blood was analysed for pH, bicarbonate and lactate concentrations. Treatment B produced a significant increase in blood pH and blood bicarbonate level (p<0·01) from pre-ingestion to pre-exercise, whereas A caused a significant decrease in.
Fluidised bed pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis of scrap tyres

Abstract Pyrolysis of scrap tyres was undertaken in a semi‐continuous fluidised bed reactor in relation to the temperature of the fluidised bed. Subsequently, a fixed bed of Zeolite catalyst was placed in the freeboard of the reactor. The catalyst temperature was held constant at 500 °C and the influence of the temperature of the fluidised bed over the same temperature range as the uncatalysed pyrolysis examined. Two Zeolite catalysts were examined, a Y‐type Zeolite catalyst and Zeolite ZSM‐5 catalyst of differing pore size and surface activity. The main aim of the work was to examine the production of certain single ring aromatic compounds in the derived pyrolysis oil which are known to be of commercial value. The oils were therefore analysed in detail to determine the concentration of benzene, toluene, xylenes and limonene. In addition, detailed analyses of the derived gases under pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis conditions were determined. The influence of the temperature of pyrolysis was to increase the yield of benzene, toluene and xylenes but decrease the yield of limonene. In the presence of the catalyst, the yield of oil was reduced with a consequent increase in the gas yield. Benzene, toluene and xylenes present in the oils showed a significant increase in the presence of both of the catalysts. The two catalysts used, although of differing surface acidities and selective pore sizes, produced similar concentrations of benzene, toluene, xylene and limonene.
Nano-CMOS Technology for Next Fifteen Years

Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology has been developed into the sub-100 nm range. It is expected that the nano-CMOS technology will govern the IC manufacturing for at least another couple of decades. Though there are many challenges ahead, further down-sizing the device to a few nanometers is still on the schedule of International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS). Several technological options for manufacturing nano-CMOS microchips are available or will soon be available. This paper reviews the challenges of nano-CMOS downsizing and manufacturing. We shall focus on the recent progresses on the key technologies for the nano-CMOS IC fabrication in the next fifteen years
Symmetry breaking boundary conditions and WZW orbifolds

Symmetry breaking boundary conditions for WZW theories are discussed. We derive explicit formulae for the reflection coefficients in the presence of boundary conditions that preserve only an orbifold subalgebra with respect to an involutive automorphism of the chiral algebra. The characters and modular transformations of the corresponding orbifold theories are computed. Both inner and outer automorphisms are treated.
Improved neonatal survival following multiple doses of bovine surfactant in very premature neonates at risk for respiratory distress syndrome.

To determine whether multiple doses of bovine surfactant would improve neonatal mortality in very premature neonates, we conducted two multicenter controlled trials under identical protocols; the results were combined for analysis. Four hundred and thirty neonates born between 23 and 29 weeks gestation and weighing 600 to 1250 g at birth were assigned randomly at birth to receive either 100 mg of phospholipids/kg of Survanta, a modified bovine surfactant (n = 210), or a sham air placebo (n = 220) within 15 minutes of birth. Neonates who developed respiratory distress syndrome and required mechanical ventilation with at least 30% oxygen could be given up to three more doses in the first 48 hours after birth. Dosing was performed by investigators not involved in the clinical care of the neonates; nursery staff were kept blinded as to the treatment assignment. Cause of death was determined by a panel of three independent, board-certified neonatologists after blindly reviewing case report forms and autopsy reports. Fewer Survanta-treated neonates died of any cause (11.4% vs 18.8%, P = .031), died of respiratory distress syndrome (1.9% vs 15.6%, P less than .001), and either died or developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia due to respiratory distress syndrome (39.5% vs 49.1%, P = .044). The incidence of respiratory distress syndrome was also lower in Survanta-treated neonates (28.0% vs 56.9%, P less than .001), and the Survanta-treated neonates' oxygenation and ventilatory status were improved significantly at 72 hours. Survanta-treated neonates were also at lowered risk of developing pulmonary interstitial emphysema (23.3% vs 36.9%, P = .002) and other forms of pulmonary air leaks (9.6% vs 20.8%, P .002). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Correlating defect density with carrier mobility in large-scaled graphene films: Raman spectral signatures for the estimation of defect density

We report a correlation between carrier mobility and defect density in large-scaled graphene films prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Raman spectroscopy is used for investigating the layer number and the crystal quality of graphene films, and the defect density is estimated by the intensity ratios of the D and G peaks. By carefully controlling the growth parameters, especially the H2/CH4 ratios during growth, and employing H2 during cooling, monolayer-dominant graphene films can be obtained with different D peak intensities in Raman spectra, which show good correspondence with their carrier mobility obtained by Hall measurements. Also, a progressive shift of neutrality points to a more negative gate voltage is observed with the increase in defect density. Both the connections of carrier mobility and the shift of neutrality points to a negative direction in relation to the defect density in graphene are observed for the first time in CVD-grown graphene films. With the best growth conditions, a cm-scaled graphene film with carrier mobility of ∼ 1350 cm2 V − 1 s − 1 (p-type in air) can be obtained.
Generalized interpolators for advanced movement-compensated 50 Hz-60 Hz conversion of interlaced sequences

Several television standards exist for TV and for HDTV signals. The worldwide interchange of programs makes the conversion between them of critical importance. Conventional transcoders use a static interpolation filter which is not able to deal with incorrectly bandlimited television signals. Motion compensation has been introduced in order to adapt interpolation to the signal. This approach proposes movement-oriented filtering and has been shown to give significant improvement. However, the known algorithms do not offer a perfect reconstruction step when the desired pixels have to be interpolated. A new system is proposed for the conversion between the popular interlaced TV standards (625 lines, 50 fields/s or 525 lines, 60 fields/s). The key feature is the use of generalized interpolators that are based on nonuniform sampling theory. The performance is compared with alternative interpolation techniques. In addition, the attached motion estimation algorithm relies on segmentation in the target field (i.e. the unknown 60 Hz field) to avoid assignment problems.
Infrared Spectroscopic Identification of Chosen Dental Materials and Natural Teeth

Studies using solid phase infrared spectroscopy in the range of 400 to 4000 wave numbers were conducted in order to quickly identify solid tooth fragments and differentiate them from dental materials used in the dental practice. The frequently employed dental materials were evaluated. Natural chemical structure of permanent teeth obtained from donors of various ages provided the reference material. The infrared vibrations detected in infrared transmission spectra depended on the chemical structure of examined compound. Comparable distinctive peaks in infrared spectra of natural teeth and inorganic dental materials (porcelain) were exhibited. Analogous infrared spectra of dental materials consisting of organic matrix with inorganic fillers were found. In the case of acrylic materials specific organic groups were enhanced. The prepared database of infrared transmission spectra included 23 dental materials, facilitating their appropriate identification. Application of infrared spectroscopy allowed for a quick differential identification of typical dental materials produced from organic compounds for inorganic restorations (porcelain) and of tooth structure-resembling hydroxyapatite and its contaminate forms with fluoride and carbonate ions.
A peer-to-peer incentives mechanism for sharing small and rare files

The peer-to-peer paradigm is an important alternative to the traditional client-server model in computer networks, making up a significant share of the bandwidth used globally. In client-server scenarios there usually is an external reason of why the server provides its service to the clients. But there usually is no external incentive in peer-to-peer networks to share data. In fact there are two good reasons not to. Firstly, providing data to another node consumes bandwidth, which will always be limited and whose use may might incur a cost. Secondly, the process of making data accessible is also costly. The data needs to be obtained, its existence needs to be advertised and individuals need to decide which data to share. An incentive is required for nodes to offer their resources. We propose a generalisation of the BitTorrent incentives mechanism that improves it in two important ways. It works for a broader range of files in terms of size and popularity, enabling a simple BitTorrent-like tit-for-tat incentives mechanism for files that do not work with BitTorrent. At the same time it provides peers with an incentive to share more files. In BitTorrent, peers download pieces of the same file from each other. This is a bartering ring of length 2. Our algorithm extends this idea by allowing pieces of different files to be exchanged and by allowing longer rings with more nodes to be formed. For this, rings need to be identified in an overlay graph that consists of the nodes and potential downloads among them. But no node has knowledge of the graph other than its direct neighbours. For the incentives mechanism to work once rings have been identified, a group consensus needs to be reached to start the downloads. We propose distributed algorithms for these problems and evaluate them experimentally using a simulation. We are able to show that in some cases our incentives algorithm works better for small and rare files than BitTorrent.
Differential expression of 2 D-adrenoceptor and eNOS in aortas from early and later stages of diabetes in Goto-Kakizaki rats

Kobayashi, Tsuneo, Takayuki Matsumoto, Kazuyuki Ooishi, and Katsuo Kamata. Differential expression of 2D-adrenoceptor and eNOS in aortas from early and later stages of diabetes in Goto-Kakizaki rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 287: H135– H143, 2004; 10.1152/ajpheart.01074. 2003. —The aim of the present study was to compare vascular dysfunction between the early (12 wk old) and later (36 wk old) stages of spontaneous diabetes in GotoKakizaki (GK) rats. We also evaluated the aortic expression of the 2D-adrenoceptor and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Vascular reactivity was assessed in thoracic aortas from age-matched control rats and 12and 36-wk GK rats. Using RT-PCR and immunoblots, we also examined the changes in expression of the 2Dadrenoceptor and eNOS. In aortas from GK rats (vs. those from age-matched control rats): 1) the relaxation response to ACh was enhanced at 12 wk but decreased at 36 wk; 2) the relaxation response to sodium nitroprusside was decreased at both 12 and 36 wk, 3) norepinephrine (NE)-induced contractility was decreased at 12 wk but not at 36 wk, 4) the expressions of 1Band 1D-adrenoceptors were unaffected, whereas those of 2D-adrenoceptor and eNOS mRNAs were increased at both 12 and 36 wk; and 5) NEand ACh-stimulated NOx (nitrite and nitrate) levels were increased at 12 wk, although at 36 wk ACh-stimulated NOx was lower, whereas NE-stimulated NOx showed no change. These results clearly demonstrate that enhanced ACh-induced relaxation and impaired NE-induced contraction, due to NO overproduction via eNOS and increased 2D-adrenoceptor expression, occur in early-stage GK rats and that the impaired AChinduced relaxation in later-stage GK rats is due to reductions in both NO production and NO responsiveness (but not in eNOS expression).