Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reproduction in male broiler breeders

Male broiler breeders are feed restricted to achieve BW targets designed to maintain high and persistent semen quality and quantity resulting in high fertility. Experiments were conducted to examine the effects of (1) BW gain and loss at photostimulation on the carcass, external, and reproductive ability of caged males, (2) BW loss, from 35 wk of age, on the reproductive ability of caged males, and (3) rearing BW on mating behavior and fertility in a flock. (1) Male broiler breeders were assigned to one of four rearing feeding treatments at 1 d of age; standard (SF) (recommended BW profile), plus 15% (P15) (BW approximately 15% heavier that the SF), plus 30% (P30), and full fed (FF). External characteristics including, head width, comb height, chest width, keel length, and shank length increased with feeding level during rearing. Full fed males endured a short period of weight loss prior to production that resulted in a lower testis weight without negatively impacting the semen volume, concentration, or sperm motility. (2) Males were subjected to a BW loss from 35 wk of age, late loss (LL). Standard gain (SG) treatment males were reared to 62 wk following BW recommendations. In the LL treatment, the BW loss resulted in a 14.7% lower fertility from eggs 8-14d post-insemination compared to the SG treatment at 58 wk of age. Semen volume and concentration were not negatively affected by a BW loss. (3) Males were selected by intrinsic BW; low (2133 g), average (2624 g), and high (3100 g). Low and average BW males were subjected to a rapid (LR ans AR, respectively) increase in BW. Average standard (AS) and high standard (HS) males followed recommended BW. At 28 wk of age, high constant (HC) and high slow (HW) males had constant and minimal BW gain, respectively. At 26 wk of age, male BW was negatively correlated to the number of females in the scratch area (r=0.-65). At 54, 58, and 62 wk, the HC males had lower fertility compared to the HS treatment by 3.8, 9.6, and 7.5%, respectively. Males benefit from a consistent and gradual increase in BW. INDEX WORDS: Male broiler breeders, chicken, reproduction, carcass characteristics, mating behavior REPRODUCTION IN MALE BROILER BREEDERS
Seed germination and seedling vigour of transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) with increased proline accumulation under osmotic stress

ABSTRACT Proline plays important roles in various stages and processes of plant development. However, there are few reports on the effect of endogenous proline accumulation on germination and seedling vigour under suitable conditions of germination and development. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of endogenous proline in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) constitutively expressing the VaP5CSF129A gene in germination and seedling vigour. Under optimal conditions of germination, the transgenic seeds had high proline content when compared to the non-transgenic plants. However, this higher accumulation did not result in better germination or seedling vigour, contrasting to reported results for exogenous proline application. The pre-treatment by water submersion indicated that the lowest initial seed germination with the highest proline concentration may be due to their greater post-harvest dormancy. When newly germinated seedlings were subjected to osmotic stress (−0.9 MPa), the free proline content increased proportionally in all genotypes and the transgenic events seedlings showed greater root length compared to those of the non-transformed control. This can be advantageous as, in theory, seedlings with longer roots may have a better chance of growing and exploring the different soil layers, allowing the transgenic events to be more tolerant to edaphic constraints.
Optimal Allocation of False Data Injection Attacks for Networked Control Systems With Two Communication Channels

Recently, the security issues in networked control systems (NCSs) have become a major challenge, since NCSs are vulnerable to malicious attacks. In this article, we consider the false data injection (FDI) attacks employed on two communication channels—namely: 1) sensor-to-controller and 2) controller-to-actuator channels. The FDI attacker aims to disturb the systems by injecting external control inputs and fake sensor measurements in the form of Gaussian noises. The problems of attack allocation with resource constraints are studied, i.e., the attacker decides instants of attack occurrence as well as the allocation of attack energy in order to obtain the optimal attack strategy. Also, the optimal attack strategies with respect to both time-invariant and time-varying attack covariances are proposed for two channels, where the time-varying attack covariances suffer a given budget. Finally, the feasibility of theoretical results is validated by a numerical example of an unmanned aerial vehicle.
Morphological and Molecular Tools for Identification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Isolated from Chinese Product

Isolation and identification of Saccharomyces cerevisiae from a Chinese product "High Active Dry Yeast" were presented in this study. The morphological identification approached the isolated yeast to S. cerevisiae that was revealed by the circular shapes, elliptical morphology, and pseudohyphae of the colonies. Identification of yeast genetically processed by using the primer pair NL1 and NL4 to amplify and sequence the 26S rDNA gene D1/D2 domain. The internal transcribed spacer was amplified and sequenced by using ITS1 and ITS4 for fungus identification, besides using the primer pair of NS1 and NS6. Discrimination of yeast from bacteria processed by using the primer pair 7F, 1540R, and another primer pair 27F, and 1492R. PCR technique could approve that the S. cerevisiae was the only frequent strain in the Chines product. The photographed pattern by UV transilluminator types the target DNA band to S. cerevisiae that was achieved by amplifying and sequencing the 26S rDNA regions.
A Blockchain-Based Containerized Edge Computing Platform for the Internet of Vehicles

Edge computing is promising to solve the latency issue in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). However, due to decentralization, traditional edge computing suffers in management, deployment, and security. Containerization relaxes resource deployment and migration problems, but current container scheduling policies are inefficient to process complicated tasks based on directed acyclic graph or DAG structures. In this article, we design a containerized edge computing platform CUTE, which provides low-latency computation services for the Internet of Vehicles. The centralized controller is empowered with resource management and orchestration, and containers are scheduled to appropriate edge servers to optimize the computation delay. CUTE is also integrated with blockchain to improve network security. We formulate the vehicle task offloading and container scheduling problems and develop a heuristic container scheduling algorithm for DAG-based computation tasks submitted by vehicles remotely. We implement and deploy CUTE into the China Mobile Network, and conduct comprehensive experiments and a case study. The experiment results show that CUTE can provide low-latency computation services for vehicular applications and that the heuristic algorithm outperforms traditional container scheduling policies.
The effect of four commercial broiler hybrids and the season on occurrence of broiler condemnations in the abattoirs

portuguesAs condenacoes no abatedouro de frangos podem representar uma visao geral da saude das granjas e da eficacia dos programas de bem-estar, bem como revelar diferencas fenotipicas entre linhagens. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a prevalencia de condenacao entre quatro hibridos comerciais de frangos de corte e a oscilacao de condenacoes em diferentes epocas em um frigorifico de aves. Os dados das condenacoes do Servico Federal de Inspecao de um abatedouro foram analisados durante um ano, no qual foram observadas 12,81% de condenacoes parciais e 0,41% de condenacoes totais. Houve diferenca na condenacao total e parcial entre os hibridos avaliados, sendo o hibrido Hubbard o com maior numero de condenacoes (0,67% - 17,71%), seguido por Ross 95 (0,42% - 14,21%), Cobb (0,30%). - 10,03%); e Cobb Fast (0,26% - 9,29%). A analise entre as estacoes do ano demonstrou uma maior taxa de condenacao no inverno e menor taxa no outono para condenacao total e parcial. Hubbard apresentou as maiores taxas e Cobb Fast as mais baixas para a maioria das causas de condenacoes. Concluimos que a causa metabolica resultou em mais perdas por condenacao total, enquanto a contaminacao ou tecnopatias representaram as maiores taxas em perdas parciais. A linhagem de frango de corte e a epoca do ano podem influenciar nas causas de condenacao no abatedouro. Essas informacoes devem ser consideradas pela industria e pelas granjas no planejamento sanitario, considerando o impacto financeiro devido as perdas por condenacoes de carcacas EnglishCondemnations in the broilers abattoirs can represent an overview farms health and effectiveness of welfare programs, as well as predisposition between hybrids. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of condemnation among four commercial broiler hybrids and the oscillation of condemnations in different seasons in a poultry abattoir. Data from condemnations of the Federal Inspection Service of a slaughterhouse were analyzed during one year, in which a total of 12.81% of partial condemnations were observed and total condemnations represented 0.41% of slaughtered broiler. There was a difference in total and partial condemnation among the hybrids evaluated, with Hubbard hybrid being the one with the highest number of condemnations (0.67% - 17.71%), followed by Ross 95 (0.42% - 14.21%), Cobb (0.30% - 10.03%); and Cobb Fast (0.26% - 9.29%). The analysis between the seasons showed a higher conviction rate in winter and a lower rate in autumn for both total and partial condemnation. Hubbard had the highest rates and Cobb Fast the lowest for most causes of condemnation. We concluded that the metabolic cause led to higher losses by total condemnation, while contamination or technopathies represented the highest rates in partial losses. The broiler hybrid and the time of year may influence the causes of condemnation in the abattoir. This information should be considered by the abattoir and the farms in sanitary planning, considering the financial impact due to losses by condemnations of carcasses
Interventions to Reduce Stigma Related to People who Use Drugs: Systematic Review

Abstract Interventions to reduce stigma related to people who use drugs can improve their quality of life and adherence to treatment. This review aimed to identify and analyze studies on interventions to reduce the stigma related to people who use drugs. Searches were performed in the following databases, without period delimitation: PubmMed, APA PsycNET, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and VHL. Considering secondary referencing, we identified a total of 5,488 records. This review covered 28 articles and was based on PRISMA. Although target audiences comprising students and health professionals were predominant, as well as the use of quantitative methods, sample size and interventions varied among studies. The selected studies present considerable methodological limitations. We concluded that no evidence confirms the effectiveness of the proposed interventions and which of them should continue to be applied for this specific aim. It is essential to invest in approaches other than those traditionally adopted.
Deep 3D Object Detection Networks Using LiDAR Data: A Review

As the foundation of intelligent systems, machine vision perceives the surrounding environment and provides a basis for decision-making. Object detection is the core task in machine vision. 3D object detection can provide object steric size and location information. Compared with the 2D object detection widely studied in image coordinates, it can provide more applications of detection systems. Accurate LiDAR data has a stronger spatial capture capability and is insensitive to natural light, which makes LiDAR a potential sensor for 3D detection. Recently, deep neural network has been developed to learn powerful object features from sensor data. However, the sparsity of LiDAR point cloud data poses challenges to the network processing. Plenty of emerged efforts have been made to address this difficulty, but a comprehensive review literature is still lacking. The purpose of this article is to review the challenges and methodologies of 3D object detection networks using LiDAR data. On this account, we first give an outline of 3D detection task and LiDAR sensing techniques. Then we unfold the review of deep 3D detection networks with three kinds of LiDAR point cloud representations and their challenges. We next summarize evaluation metrics and performance of algorithms on three authoritative 3D detection benchmarks. Finally, we provide valuable insights of challenges and open issues.
Bond behaviour of commercially produced structural concrete from recycled coarse and fine aggregates

iii LAY SUMMARY . iv PREFACE . v TABLE OF CONTENTS . vii LIST OF TABLES . xiv LIST OF FIGURES . xv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS . xviii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . xx DEDICATION . xxi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1 Background . 1 1.2 Steel-concrete bond . 3 1.3 Research objectives and scope.4 1.4 Thesis methodology and organization . 4 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW . 7 2.1 Concrete-steel bond . 7 2.1.1 Mechanics of bond. 7 viii 2.1.2 Bond failure modes . 8 2.1.3 Factors affecting bond . 8 2.1.4 Bond test methods . 9 2.1. 5 Summary of research . 10 2.2 Recycled aggregates, recycled concrete production methods, and quality . 11 2.2.1 Recycled aggregates and recycled concrete . 12 2.2.2 Successful recycling aggregates production methodologies . 13 2.2.3 Successful recycled concrete production methodologies . 14 2.2.4 Quality and durability of recycled concrete . 14 2.3 Concrete properties affecting bond . 16 2.3.1 Effect of compressive strength on bond . 16 2.3.2 Effect of concrete density on bond . 16 2.3.3 Effect of aggregates type on bond . 17 2.4 Structural characteristics affecting bond . 18 2.4.1 Effect of concrete cover and bar spacing . 18 2.4.2 Effect of bond length using recycled concrete . 19 2.4.3 Effect of transverse reinforcement . 22 2.4.4 Effect of bar cast position (top location) . 22 ix 2.5 Bar properties affecting bond . 24 2.5. 1 Effect of bar size . 24 2.5. 2 Effect of rebar geometry (patterns) . 24 2.5. 3 Effect of rebar surface coating . 25 2.6 Research needs.26 CHAPTER 3: EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY . 28 3.1 Test program . 28 3.2 Test specimen . 30 3.2.1 Structural details of test beam specimens . 31 3.3 Test specimen fabrication . 34 3.3.1 Recycled concrete mixing and pouring of test specimens . 37 3.3.2 Specimen placement procedure . 39 3.4 Materials and properties . 40 3.4.1 Recycled aggregates production for concrete . 40 3.4.2 Aggregates properties . 42 3.4.3 Concrete and rebar materials . 42 3.5 Instrumentation and data acquisition system . 44 3.6 Specimen preparation for testing . 45 3.6. 1 Experimental Test Set-up . 47 x 3.7 Test Procedure . 48 CHAPTER 4: EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION . 51 4.1 General . 51 4.2 Failure modes.55 4.3 Effect of concrete cover on bond (Groups 1 and 3) . 55 4.3.1 Effect of concrete cover on bond force (Groups 1 and 3) . 55 4.3.2 Effect of concrete cover on normalized bond strength . 56 4.3.3 Effect of concrete cover on first crack load and load vs slip curves . 59 4.4 Effect of bond length on the bond capacity (Groups 1 & 5) . 66 4.4.1 Effect of bond length increase on bond force and rebar yielding . 66 4.4.2 Effect of bond length increase on bond strength . 68 4.4.3 Effect of bond length increase on normalized bond strength . 69 4.4.4 Effect of bond length increase on the Load vs Slip curves . 71 4.5 Effect of bar size on bond (Groups 1 and 6) . 76 4.5. 1 Effect of bar size on normalized bond strengths . 78 4.5. 2 Effect of bar size on cracking behavior . 79 4.5. 3 Effect of bar size on bond force vs slip curve . 81 4.6 Effect of bar position on bond (Groups 1 and 7) . 83
Inclusion of a Charge Sharing Correction Algorithm Into an X-Ray Photon Counting Spectral Detector Simulation Framework

Most photon counting spectral imaging (x-CSI) simulations combine Monte Carlo techniques and experimental measurements to model signal output. These often omit some physical processes to minimize the computational resources needed, resulting in higher simulated energy resolutions compared with experiments. The aggregate effect of unsimulated processes can be compensated for using experimentally derived “blurring” factors. Blurring factors usually take the form of Gaussian convolutions of the simulation output to model system noise and collection inefficiencies. This approach is not suitable for applications involving charge sharing correction algorithm (CSCA) modeling, however, as most CSCAs operate in the prethresholding domain and across multiple pixels, incorporating variable amounts of noise and collection efficiency. To better model x-CSI CSCAs, this work introduces CoGI: a framework combining Monte Carlo and finite element methods to simulate photon-matter interaction, intrapixel charge transport, interpixel charge sharing, signal generation, and CSCA. CoGI is the first full x-CSI simulation framework to incorporate CSCA reported in the literature. CoGI has been validated in spectral and energy binning modes, using a ${\gamma }$ -ray spectrometer and an Acteon series pixelated x-CSI detector, respectively. CoGI thus represents a versatile framework for comparing multiple ASIC-based CSCAs and will help inform future x-CSI system development.
Probability of Correct Decision–Making at Triggering of Load–Shifting, Intended for Low CO2 Intensity and Low EEX Trading Prices via Simple Grid Frequency Monitoring

To provide a simple control signal to operate residential Load–Shifting or Demand–Side–Management, the monitoring of actual grid frequency seems to be an appropriate method. Due to the present inflexibility and the lack of sufficient throttling capabilities of residual lignite and nuclear power plants, a surplus of electricity generation occurs during periods of high wind and solar power generation. While the specific CO2 emission is decreasing then – due to the increased share of Renewables, the grid frequency is increasing (to a certain limit). Using the grid frequency as an indicator to switch-on and off certain loads (loads that do not require power permanently (e.g. dishwashers, washing machines, dryers, fridges and freezers, heaters) could provide a simple, inexpensive demand–side– management indicator to lower specific CO2 emissions and costs (if a dynamic consumption tariff is available). To check the truthfulness of that hypothesis, the grid and frequency data of the German grid of the year 2018 have been collected and a the correlation between grid frequency, power surplus, share of renewables vs. CO2–contents and price at the European energy exchange (EEX) have been calculated. The results show: Correlation between frequency and share of renewables is relatively low (r = 0.155) since primary grid control quickly compensates deviations from the 50 Hz nominal frequency. There is a good anti-correlation (r = -0.687) between the electricity trading prices (EEX) and the share of renewables in the grid. Over the years, correlation between EEX–prices and CO2 emissions is quite good (r =0.665), within one year (2018) that correlation almost doesn’t exist, possibly due to the inflexibility of the bulky lignite power plants that even operate at negative prices. Keywords—Correlation, CO2, Load–Shifting, Demand–Side– Management, grid frequency, EEX, electricity trading prices, renewable share, flexibility, emissions
El discurso y las dimensiones culturales en el contexto de las páginas web de residencias de mayores españolas y estadounidenses

espanolEl proposito del presente articulo es ofrecer un analisis comparativo de paginas web de residencias para mayores en Espana y en Estados Unidos, teniendo como punto de partida las diferencias culturales que existen entre estos dos paises. Las dimensiones culturales, concretamente, el individualismo/colectivismo, la tolerancia/evitacion de la incertidumbre y la masculinidad/feminidad (Hofstede 1980; 1991; Hofstede et al 2010), se ven reflejadas en los contenidos que muestran estas paginas y en los valores que desean transmitir. Este articulo proporciona una somera descripcion de algunos de los rasgos culturales que se reflejan en estas paginas web, para poner de manifiesto las diferencias existentes entre estos dos grupos culturales. No obstante, uno de los aspectos mas relevantes de este analisis es que se demuestra que el peso del contexto condiciona el discurso, hasta el punto de que el mensaje puede no reflejar los valores culturales esperados y tipicamente asignados a un grupo. EnglishThe purpose of this article is to provide a comparative analysis of nursing homes web pages in Spain and in the United States, taking as a starting point the cultural differences that exist between these two countries. Cultural dimensions, namely individualism/collectivism, uncertainty avoidance and masculinity/femininity (Hofstede 1980; 1991; Hofstede et al 2010), are reflected in the content displayed on these pages and in the values that they want to transmit. This article provides a brief description of some of the cultural traits that are reflected on these web pages, in order to highlight the differences between these two cultural groups. However, one of the most relevant aspects of this analysis is that it shows that the weight of context conditions the discourse, to the extent that the message may not reflect the expected cultural values typically assigned to a group.
Using Deep Learning for Depth Estimation and 3D Reconstruction of Humans

Deep learning for depth estimation from monocular video feed is a common strategy to get rough 3D surface information when an RGB-D camera is not present. Depth information is of importance in many domains such as object localization, tracking, and scene reconstruction in robotics and industrial environments from multiple camera views. The convolutional neural networks UpProjection, DORN, and Encoder/Decoder are evaluated on hybrid training datasets enriched by CGI data. The highest accuracy results are derived from the UpProjection network with a relative deviation of 1.77% to 2.69% for CAD-120 and SMV dataset respectively. It is shown, that incorporation of front and side view allows to increase the achievable depth estimation for human body images. With the incorporation of a second view the error is reduced from 6.69% to 6.16%. For the target domain of this depth estimation, the 3D human body reconstruction from aligned images in T-pose, plain silhouette reconstruction generally leads to acceptable results. Nevertheless, additionally incorporating the rough depth approximation in the future, concave areas at the chest, breast, and buttocks, currently not handled by the silhouette reconstruction, can result in more realistic 3D body models by utilizing the deep learning outcome in a hybrid approach.