Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AlGaN/GaN HFET power amplifier integrated with microstrip antenna for RF front-end applications

A high-efficiency and compact AlGaN/GaN heterojunction field-effect transistor (HFET) power amplifier integrated with a microstrip antenna at 7.25 GHz is presented for RF front-end circuit applications. A microstrip circular sector antenna is employed as both a radiator and frequency-dependent output load. Higher order harmonics from the HFET in nonlinear operation are reactively terminated because of the harmonic termination characteristic of the antenna. Based on the optimum load impedance measured by a load-pull measurement setup, the AlGaN/GaN HFET power amplifier has been designed and fabricated at 7.25 GHz using the active integrated antenna concept. In this design approach, the measured antenna impedance is directly transformed to the optimum load impedance for maximum efficiency. The power amplifier with 1-mm gate periphery shows 42% peak power-added efficiency and 30.3-dBm saturated output power with a linear gain of 8 dB, which is in reasonably good agreement with measured discrete HFET load-pull data. Due to the antenna's characteristics, better than 30-dB harmonic suppression has been achieved at both the second and third harmonic frequencies in both the E- and H-planes. To the authors' best knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a high-frequency AlGaN/GaN HFET power amplifier integrated with an antenna.
Impact of Epitope Escape on PD-1 Expression and CD8 T-Cell Exhaustion during Chronic Infection

ABSTRACT During some persistent viral infections, virus-specific T-cell responses wane due to the antigen-specific deletion or functional inactivation (i.e., exhaustion) of responding CD8 T cells. T-cell exhaustion often correlates with high viral load and is associated with the expression of the inhibitory receptor PD-1. In other infections, functional T cells are observed despite high levels of pathogen persistence. The reasons for these different T-cell fates during chronic viral infections are not clear. Here, we tracked the fate of virus-specific CD8 T cells in lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)-infected mice during viral clearance, the persistence of wild-type virus, or the selection and persistence of a viral variant that abrogates the presentation of a single epitope. Viral clearance results in PD-1lo functional virus-specific CD8 T cells, while the persistence of wild-type LCMV results in high PD-1 levels and T-cell exhaustion. However, following the emergence of a GP35V→A variant virus that abrogates the presentation of the GP33 epitope, GP33-specific CD8 T cells remained functional, continued to show low levels of PD-1, and reexpressed CD127, a marker of memory T-cell differentiation. In the same animals and under identical environmental conditions, CD8 T cells recognizing nonmutated viral epitopes became physically deleted or were PD-1hi and nonfunctional. Thus, the upregulation of PD-1 and the functional inactivation of virus-specific T cells during chronic viral infection is dependent upon continued epitope recognition. These data suggest that optimal strategies for vaccination should induce high-magnitude broadly specific T-cell responses that prevent cytotoxic T-lymphocyte escape and highlight the need to evaluate the function of vaccine-induced T cells in the context of antigens presented during virus persistence.
A short review on multi-input DC/DC converters topologies

In this paper some DC/DC converters are investigated aiming for the optimized utilization due to simultaneous utilization of many distributed generation units in a system and the importance of utilizing multi-input converters. Earlier, paralleling some DC/DC converters was common in order to form a multi-input converter, but recently new approaches are developed for such an idea. The main reasons of the utilization of theses converters include, less employment of semiconductor elements, lower volume and increase in efficiency which lead to the lower cost of the converter production. Multi-input converters have different types, which can generally be introduced as, magnetic, electrical and electromagnetic types. In this paper the structures of DC/DC converters which are included in above classifications are compared and studied and the features of each, are put to be presented. In order to compare different types of the converters, considering their isolation feature and soft switching, best arrangements can be selected for operation.
Pathophysiology of coronary artery in‐stent restenosis

In‐stent restenosis reflects the interaction of a cascade of molecular and cellular events occurring within the vessel wall. Coronary stenting induces localized injury to the vessel wall, which leads to the release of thrombogenic, vasoactive, and lymphocytes mitogenic factors that result in processes causing re‐narrowing at the injured site. Three major processes have been identified that lead to the in‐stent restenosis: neointimal hyperplasia, elastic recoil, and negative arterial remodeling. The most important one is intimal hyperplasia. As the time course of neointimal hyperplasia is unknown, a causal relationship between the development of new blood vessels and clinical restenosis cannot be firmly established.
DragOnFly — Electronically steerable low drag aeronautical antenna

This paper presents design considerations for the development of wide-scanning antennas for on-craft satellite communications. A scanning coverage of 80° is required for this application over a 15% fractional bandwidth in Ka-band. A solution based on a phased array illuminating a passive superstrate is identified as the most promising. A fully-electronic beam-scanning is considered in order to reduce the overall thickness of the antenna architecture by avoiding mechanical rotational supports. This is beneficial for the application since a reduced thickness corresponds to a lower drag. Two kinds of superstrates were investigated, a flat solution and a flattened dome. In both cases, the deflecting structure is illuminated by a phased array and is represented as a surface characterized by an optimized phase shift distribution that allows to maintain a high gain level up to very large scan angles. A flatter gain profile compared to a typical cosine scan loss for planar phased arrays was achieved in both cases. Attention was devoted to the minimization of the thickness, which was significantly reduced in comparison to classical dielectric dome solutions.
Alimentations statiques sans interruption (ASI)

Les alimentations sans interruption ( ASI ) sont des interfaces entre le reseau electrique et des charges alternatives sensibles. Les ASI statiques , apparues au debut des annees 1970, ont ete le resultat de l'arrivee d'une technologie, les semi-conducteurs de puissance, et du besoin d'avoir des alimentations electriques de qualite pour alimenter les grands centres informatiques de gestion. Les ASI ont suivi depuis d'importantes evolutions, du fait : des technologies, en particulier dans le domaine des semi-conducteurs de puissance ; du developpement de la mini-informatique et micro-informatique ; pour repondre a ces besoins, l’offre en onduleurs s’est elargie pour se situer actuellement en puissance de quelques centaines de voltamperes a plusieurs centaines de kilovoltamperes ; de l’extension des reseaux informatiques ; l’ASI est consideree comme un peripherique de l’application, ce qui lui demande de pouvoir communiquer avec ces reseaux. Dans cet article, nous parlerons des ASI statiques pour charge alternative, communement appelees onduleurs . En langue anglaise, l’equivalence de ASI est le terme UPS « Uninterruptible Power Supply ». Le terme « onduleur » peut recouvrir plusieurs realites selon le contexte : la premiere est l’ensemble de l’interface entre le reseau et la charge ; la seconde est le convertisseur statique qui elabore du courant alternatif a partir d'une source continue. Pour assurer la continuite de service, les ASI mettent en œuvre des accumulateurs chimiques d’energie plomb-acide ou cadmium-nickel. Avant de presenter les ASI, voici un bref apercu des perturbations ren- contrees sur les reseaux electriques. Les coupures de tension correspondent a une absence du reseau pendant plus d’une minute. Les coupures breves de tension et les creux de tension sont des phenomenes de 10 ms a quelques dizaines de secondes entrainant une baisse de tension pouvant evoluer de 10 % a 100 % de la valeur nominale. Par exemple, on peut citer la permutation de source a la suite d’un defaut sur une arrivee moyenne tension, l’enclenchement de transformateurs ou le demarrage de moteurs. Les microcoupures sont les perturbations transitoires inferieures a 10 ms. Les surtensions peuvent etre generees par l’enclenchement ou le declenchement de charge sur le reseau moyenne tension (MT). Elles sont transmises au reseau basse tension (BT) par les transformateurs MT/BT. La distorsion en tension provient des charges non lineaires qui generent une distorsion en tension fonction de l’impedance du reseau. Le niveau de distorsion peut annuler la marge de compatibilite entre la source et la charge alimentee.
A new North American therizinosaurid and the role of herbivory in ‘predatory’ dinosaur evolution

Historically, ecomorphological inferences regarding theropod (i.e. ‘predatory’) dinosaurs were guided by an assumption that they were singularly hypercarnivorous. A recent plethora of maniraptoran discoveries has produced evidence challenging this notion. Here, we report on a new species of maniraptoran theropod, Nothronychus graffami sp. nov. Relative completeness of this specimen permits a phylogenetic reassessment of Therizinosauria—the theropod clade exhibiting the most substantial anatomical evidence of herbivory. In the most comprehensive phylogenetic study of the clade conducted to date, we recover Therizinosauria as the basalmost maniraptoran lineage. Using concentrated changes tests, we present evidence for correlated character evolution among herbivorous and hypercarnivorous taxa and propose ecomorphological indicators for future interpretations of diet among maniraptoran clades. Maximum parsimony optimizations of character evolution within our study indicate an ancestral origin for dietary plasticity and facultative herbivory (omnivory) within the clade. These findings suggest that hypercarnivory in paravian dinosaurs is a secondarily derived dietary specialization and provide a potential mechanism for the invasion of novel morpho- and ecospace early in coelurosaurian evolution—the loss of obligate carnivory and origin of dietary opportunism.
The Architecture of Barry Byrne: Taking the Prairie School to Europe by Vincent L. Michael (review)

soldiers and supporting the economy during this confl ict. Missing is a fi nal summary that pulls together the individual stories to explain how the varied activities contributed to the whole. Hurn convincingly demonstrates that Wisconsin women’s role evolved during the Civil War as they stepped in to fi ll a void, learned how to lead, and made critical contributions to the effort that preserved the union. Ruth Page Jones University of Wisconsin– Milwaukee Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Distributed duty cycling optimization for asynchronous wireless sensor networks

One of the major sources of energy waste in a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is idle listening, i.e., the cost of actively listening for potential packets. This paper focuses on reducing the idle-listening time via a dynamic duty cycling technique which aims at optimizing the sleep interval between consecutive wakeups. We considered receiver-initiated MAC method for WSNs, in which the sender waits for a beacon signal from the receiver before starting to transmit. In this context, we propose an optimization framework for minimizing the energy waste of the most power hungry node of the network. To this aims, we first derive an analytic model that predicts nodes' energy consumption. Then, we use the model to derive an heuristic distributed optimization technique. Simulation results via NS-2 simulator are included to illustrate the accuracy of the model, and to assess the validity of the proposed scheme.
Anticoagulation monitoring during cardiac surgery: a review of current and emerging techniques.

The literature does not consistently support the importance of anticoagulation monitoring techniques during CPB. This is best reflected by studies that have evaluated the impact of the ACT method on blood loss and transfusion outcomes. Inconsistent findings from studies that evaluated the impact of ACT monitoring may be related to either suboptimal study design (i.e., retrospective, unblinded, nonrandomized) or possibly the diagnostic inprecision of the ACT method used in these studies. There are a small number of well-controlled studies, some of which suggest that bleeding and transfusion outcomes can be improved by refining heparin monitoring techniques, either by sustaining better anticoagulation during CPB or by optimizing protamine doses (i.e., when empiric protocols result in excessive protamine doses). More well-controlled studies are needed to better define the importance of anticoagulation management during CPB.
Structure-function correlations in glaucoma using matrix and standard automated perimetry versus time-domain and spectral-domain OCT devices.

PURPOSE We examined the structure-function relationship between two perimetric tests, the frequency doubling technology (FDT) matrix and standard automated perimetry (SAP), and two optical coherence tomography (OCT) devices (time-domain and spectral-domain). METHODS This cross-sectional study included 97 eyes from 29 healthy individuals, and 68 individuals with early, moderate, or advanced primary open-angle glaucoma. The correlations between overall and sectorial parameters of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFL) measured with Stratus and Spectralis OCT, and the visual field sensitivity obtained with FDT matrix and SAP were assessed. The relationship also was evaluated using a previously described linear model. RESULTS The correlation coefficients for the threshold sensitivity measured with SAP and Stratus OCT ranged from 0.44 to 0.79, and those for Spectralis OCT ranged from 0.30 to 0.75. Regarding FDT matrix, the correlation ranged from 0.40 to 0.79 with Stratus OCT and from 0.39 to 0.79 with Spectralis OCT. Stronger correlations were found in the overall measurements and the arcuate sectors for both visual fields and OCT devices. A linear relationship was observed between FDT matrix sensitivity and the OCT devices. The previously described linear model fit the data from SAP and the OCT devices well, particularly in the inferotemporal sector. CONCLUSIONS The FDT matrix and SAP visual sensitivities were related strongly to the RNFL thickness measured with the Stratus and Spectralis OCT devices, particularly in the overall and arcuate sectors.
Investigation of benzene-DNA adducts and their detection in human bone marrow.

We have examined DNA adduct formation in HL-60 cells and human bone marrow treated with either hydroquinone or p-benzoquinone and have found that these treatments produce the same DNA adduct in both cell types. The DNA adduct level from these treatments varied from 0.05 to 7.5 adducts per 10(7) nucleotides as a function of treatment time and concentration for both compounds. Reaction of calf thymus DNA with p-benzoquinone produced three adducts as detected by 32P-postlabeling. These adducts have been identified as (3'-hydroxy)-3,N4-benzetheno-2'-deoxycytidine-3'-phosphate; (3'-hydroxy)-1,N6-benzetheno-2'-deoxyadenosine-3'-phosphate; and (3'-hydroxy)-1,N2-benzetheno-2'-deoxyguanosine-3'-phosphate. The DNA adduct formed in HL-60 cells did not correspond to any of the principal adducts formed in DNA reacted with p-benzoquinone, suggesting that cellular environment modifies DNA adduct production by p-benzoquinone. These studies demonstrate that DNA adduct formation occurs in human bone marrow treated with benzene metabolites and suggest that P1-enhanced 32P-postlabeling may be used to detect DNA adducts resulting from benzene exposure. ImagesFIGURE 1.FIGURE 3. AFIGURE 3. BFIGURE 3. CFIGURE 4. AFIGURE 4. BFIGURE 6.
Acupuncture Analgesia: I. The Scientific Basis

Acupuncture has been used in China and other Asian countries for the past 3000 yr. Recently, this technique has been gaining increased popularity among physicians and patients in the United States. Even though acupuncture-induced analgesia is being used in many pain management programs in the United States, the mechanism of action remains unclear. Studies suggest that acupuncture and related techniques trigger a sequence of events that include the release of neurotransmitters, endogenous opioid-like substances, and activation of c-fos within the central nervous system. Recent developments in central nervous system imaging techniques allow scientists to better evaluate the chain of events that occur after acupuncture-induced stimulation. In this review article we examine current biophysiological and imaging studies that explore the mechanisms of acupuncture analgesia.
Full-wave study of rectangular metamaterial waveguides using Galerkin's method

The present investigation focuses on the inclusion of DNG materials in various dielectric waveguide configurations. The present investigation involves the review of the electromagnetic properties of DNG materials by a thorough analysis based on Maxwell's equations. The use of a negative index of refraction for these materials is justified. In this paper, we present an extension of the formulation of the TOM (transverse operator method) in the case of rectangular waveguides filled with anisotropic metamaterial. A rigorous study of the TOM is described to study the propagation in these types of structures, followed by an application of the Galerkin method. The wave equation and the dispersion relations for guided modes in the metamaterial waveguide are obtained and analyzed. The higher order modes are exploited. The numerical results are obtained and compared to those previously published and show a good agreement. Numerical examples show the validity of this method.
Domain representations of spaces of compact subsets

We present a method for constructing from a given domain representation of a space X with underlying domain D, a domain representation of a subspace of compact subsets of X where the underlying domain is the Plotkin powerdomain of D. We show that this operation is functorial over a category of domain representations with a natural choice of morphisms. We study the topological properties of the space of representable compact sets and isolate conditions under which all compact subsets of X are representable. Special attention is paid to admissible representations and representations of metric spaces.
In Vivo and In Vitro Sensitivity of Fasciola hepatica to Triclabendazole Combined with Artesunate, Artemether, or OZ78

ABSTRACT Triclabendazole resistance is continually documented from livestock, and hence new treatment strategies for Fasciola hepatica infections are needed. We investigated the effect of triclabendazole combined with artesunate, artemether, or OZ78 compared to that of monotherapy against adult and juvenile F. hepatica in rats. In vitro experiments with triclabendazole and its sulfoxide and sulfone metabolites, each in combination with the peroxides, complemented our study. F. hepatica-infected rats were subjected to single drugs or drug combinations 3 to 4 weeks (juvenile flukes) and >8 weeks (adult flukes) postinfection. Negative binomial regressions of worm and egg counts were used to analyze dose-response relationships and whether the effects of drug combinations were synergistic or antagonistic. The in vitro assays were evaluated by means of viability scales based on fluke motility. Fifty percent effective dose values of 113.0, 77.7, 22.9, and 2.7 mg/kg of body weight were calculated for monotherapy with artesunate, artemether, OZ78, and triclabendazole, respectively, against adult F. hepatica. Likelihood ratio tests revealed synergistic interactions (P < 0.05) of combinations of triclabendazole (2.5 mg/kg) plus artesunate or artemether on adult worm burden. Antagonistic effects on the adult burden and egg output were observed when a lower triclabendazole dose (1.25 mg/kg) was combined with the artemisinins. No significant interactions (P = 0.07) were observed for OZ78 and triclabendazole combinations and between the triclabendazole effect and the effects of the other partner drugs on juvenile worms. Our in vitro studies of adult worms agreed with the in vivo results, while the in vitro analysis of juvenile worms revealed greater interactions than observed in vivo. In conclusion, single-agent triclabendazole demonstrated a more potent in vivo and in vitro fasciocidal activity than the experimental drugs artesunate, artemether, and OZ78. When combined, synergistic but also antagonistic effects depending on the doses administered were observed, which should be elucidated in more detail in future studies.
The effect of retinal ganglion cell injury on light-induced photoreceptor degeneration.

PURPOSE To determine the effect of optic nerve transection (ONT) and excitotoxic retinal ganglion cell (RGC) injury on light-induced photoreceptor degeneration. METHODS Age- and sex-matched rats underwent unilateral ONT or received intravitreal injections of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). The fellow eye received sham treatment, and 7 or 21 days later each eye was subjected to an intense photic injury. Maximum a- and b-wave amplitudes of the flash electroretinogram (ERG) were measured at baseline, after the RGC insult, and 5 days after the photic injury. Semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis and immunoblot analysis were used to assess rod opsin mRNA and rhodopsin kinase protein levels and to measure defined trophic factors 7 or 21 days after ONT or injection of NMDA. Structural changes after the insults were determined histologically and immunohistochemically. RESULTS ONT caused time-dependent reductions in the mean a- and b-wave amplitudes. Seven days after intravitreal NMDA the b-wave amplitude was reduced, but the a-wave was unaffected. ONT and NMDA injection attenuated the light-induced reductions in the a- and b-wave. Rod opsin mRNA levels and rhodopsin kinase protein levels were also significantly greater in the axotomized and NMDA-treated eyes compared with the sham-treated fellow eyes after the photic injury. Structural protection in the RGC-injured eyes was also evident histologically. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were significantly upregulated after ONT and NMDA. CONCLUSIONS ONT and intravitreal injection of NMDA protect against subsequent photic injury. This protection may relate to the activation of retinal glial cells and the possible action of trophic factors such as FGF-2 and CNTF.
Individualisierung der HRTF: Ein Ellipsoidmodell zur Anpassung von interauralen Pegeldifferenzen

Zur Erzeugung virtueller Schallquellen über Kopfhörer werden oft kopfbezogene Übertragungsfunktionen (engl. head-related transfer functions, HRTFs) von Kunstköpfen verwendet. Diese HRTF enthält alle Beugungsund Reflexionseffekte, die vom Hörer zur Lokalisation von Schallquellen benötigt werden [1]. Aufgrund der individuellen Kopfund Pinnageometrie hat jeder Hörer eine individuelle HRTF, die von der des Kunstkopfes abweicht, wodurch es bei der Auralisierung mit Kunstköpfen häufig zu Lokalisationsfehlern oder Im-Kopf-Lokalisation kommt [2].