Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Control of PMSG wind turbines based on reduced order resonant controllers under unbalanced grid voltage conditions

The effective control of permanent magnet synchronous generator(PMSG) based wind energy conversion systems(WECS) under unbalanced grid voltages is important to improve the grid-connected operation ability. This paper applies the proportion integral plus reduced order resonant integrator(PI-ROGI) controller to the PMSG grid-side converter, which can achieve zero current error control in the positive synchronous rotating reference frame without any decomposition of positive and negative-sequence currents. The double supply frequency oscillations of DC-link voltage and the output active power caused by the lose control of negative-sequence current can be well restrained. A PI-ROGI based control scheme implemented in the positive synchronous rotating reference is designed. Furthermore, the simulation results using Matlab/simulink demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme on improving the operational performance of PMSG under asymmetrical grid faults.
Rethinking memory system design for data-intensive computing

Summary form only given. The memory system is a fundamental performance and energy bottleneck in almost all computing systems. Recent system design, application, and technology trends that require more capacity, bandwidth, efficiency, and predictability out of the memory system make it an even more important system bottleneck. At the same time, DRAM and flash technologies are experiencing difficult technology scaling challenges that make the maintenance and enhancement of their capacity, energy-efficiency, and reliability significantly more costly with conventional techniques. In this talk, we examine some promising research and design directions to overcome challenges posed by memory scaling. Specifically, we discuss three key solution directions: 1) enabling new memory architectures, functions, interfaces, and better integration of the memory and the rest of the system, 2) designing a memory system that intelligently employs multiple memory technologies and coordinates memory and storage management using non-volatile memory technologies, 3) providing predictable performance and QoS to applications sharing the memory/storage system. If time permits, we may also briefly describe our ongoing related work in combating scaling challenges of NAND flash memory.
A low power duobinary voltage mode transmitter

This paper presents a novel low power duobinary voltage mode transmitter in 90-nm CMOS process for wireline communication. As a matter of fact, voltage mode transmitters potentially save much more power than current mode transmitters. By adding a medium level, a half supply voltage, to conventional NRZ voltage mode transmitters, duobinary coding can simply be achieved. Post-layout simulation demonstrates the architecture with a new preemphasis method dissipates approximately 16.35 mW from a 1.0 V supply when transmitting 8 Gb/s 1.0 V differential amplitude data with 2-tap pre-emphasis, achieving 2.04 pJ/bit energy efficiency.
Surprise-Triggered Reformulation of Design Goals

This paper presents a cognitive model of goal formulation in designing that is triggered by surprise. Cognitive system approaches to design synthesis focus on generating alternative designs in response to design goals or requirements. Few existing systems provide models for how goals change during designing, a hallmark of creative design in humans. In this paper we present models of surprise and reformulation as metacognitive processes that transform design goals in order to explore surprising regions of a design search space. The model provides a system with specific goals for exploratory behaviour, whereas previous systems have modelled exploration and novelty-seeking abstractly. We use observed designs to construct a probabilistic model that represents expectations about the design domain, and then reason about the unexpectedness of new designs with that model. We implement our model in the domain of culinary creativity, and demonstrate how the cognitive behaviors of surprise and problem reformulation can be incorporated into design reasoning.
Binding of Tamm‐Horsfall protein to complement 1q measured by ELISA and resonant mirror biosensor techniques under various ionic‐strength conditions

The purpose of the present study was to quantify the binding affinity between Tamm‐Horsfall protein (THP) and complement 1q (C1q) using ELISA and a resonant mirror biosensor. In ELISA, immobilized THP was incubated with soluble C1q under both low and physiological ionic‐strength conditions. Tamm‐Horsfall protein bound C1q with an equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) of 1.9 ± 0.6 nmol/L in low ionic‐strength Tris buffers (20 mmol/L NaCl, pH 7.5) and with a lower affinity (KD of 13.4 ± 4.7 nmol/L) in physiological‐strength Tris buffers (154 mmol/L NaCl, pH 7.5). A resonant mirror biosensor, which monitors binding events in real‐time, was used to quantify the KD of this reaction, as well as to estimate the kinetic parameters. In these studies, THP and C1q bound with an association rate constant, kass, of 1.25 × 105 L/mol per s and a dissociation rate constant, kdiss, of 0.002–0.005/s. The calculated KD for the THP/C1q binding in low ionic‐strength buffers was higher (averages of 10–15 nmol/L) than that obtained by the ELISA, while physiological ionic‐strength buffers still reduced the affinity of this binding by an order of magnitude. In conclusion, THP consistently bound C1q with high affinity using several techniques. At least a portion of this interaction involved electrostatic events, as demonstrated by the influence of ionic strength on the binding affinity.
Experimentally produced psychoses.

Intravenous injection of synthetic mescaline was used in a group of schizophrenic patients and on "normal" voluntary controls. The changes produced by mescaline in "normals" were described. In addition, the observations were made that mescaline is able to underscore in patients suffering from schizophrenia their schizophrenic symptoms or able to precipitate schizophrenic psychoses in persons suffering from latent schizophrenia. Different "therapeutic measures" were discussed as applied to the mescaline-produced abnormal mental states. Mescaline was also given to a number of patients before and after psychosurgery. It was found that with mescaline it was possible to reactivate the psychosis in patients who improved after psychosurgery but that their response to the drug was quantitatively less conspicuous than before.
Handwriting Velocity Modeling by Artificial Neural Networks

: The handwriting is a physical demonstration of a complex cognitive process learnt by man since his childhood. People with disabilities or suffering from various neurological diseases are facing so many difficulties resulting from problems located at the muscle stimuli (EMG) or signals from the brain (EEG) and which arise at the stage of writing. The handwriting velocity of the same writer or different writers varies according to different criteria: age, attitude, mood, writing surface, etc. Therefore, it is interesting to reconstruct an experimental basis records taking, as primary reference, the writing speed for different writers which would allow studying the global system during handwriting process. This paper deals with a new approach of the handwriting system modeling based on the velocity criterion through the concepts of artificial neural networks, precisely the Radial Basis Functions (RBF) neural networks. The obtained simulation results show a satisfactory agreement between responses of the developed neural model and the experimental data for various letters and forms then the efficiency of the proposed approaches.
H+ channels in embryonic Biomphalaria glabrata cell membranes: Putative roles in snail host-schistosome interactions

The human blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni causes intestinal schistosomiasis, a widespread neglected tropical disease. Infection of freshwater snails Biomphalaria spp. is an essential step in the transmission of S. mansoni to humans, although the physiological interactions between the parasite and its obligate snail host that determine success or failure are still poorly understood. In the present study, the B. glabrata embryonic (Bge) cell line, a widely used in vitro model for hemocyte-like activity, was used to investigate membrane properties, and assess the impact of larval transformation proteins (LTP) on identified ion channels. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings from Bge cells demonstrated that a Zn2+-sensitive H+ channel serves as the dominant plasma membrane conductance. Moreover, treatment of Bge cells with Zn2+ significantly inhibited an otherwise robust production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus implicating H+ channels in the regulation of this immune function. A heat-sensitive component of LTP appears to target H+ channels, enhancing Bge cell H+ current over 2-fold. Both Bge cells and B. glabrata hemocytes express mRNA encoding a hydrogen voltage-gated channel 1 (HVCN1)-like protein, although its function in hemocytes remains to be determined. This study is the first to identify and characterize an H+ channel in non-neuronal cells of freshwater molluscs. Importantly, the involvement of these channels in ROS production and their modulation by LTP suggest that these channels may function in immune defense responses against larval S. mansoni.
Functionalized carbon nanotubes for plasmid DNA gene delivery.

[*] Dipl. -Chem. D. Pantarotto, Prof. M. Prato Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche Universit di Trieste 34127 Trieste (Italy) Fax: (+39)040-5272 E-mail: prato@univ.trieste. it Dipl. -Chem. R. Singh, Dipl. -Chem. D. McCarthy, Dr. K. Kostarelos Centre for Drug Delivery Research and Electron Microscopy Unit The School of Pharmacy University of London London WC1N 1AX (United Kingdom) Fax: (+39)207-7535942 E-mail: kostas.kostarelos@ulsop.ac. uk Dipl. -Chem. D. Pantarotto, Dr. J.-P. Briand, Dr. A. Bianco Institut de Biologie Mol=culaire et Cellulaire UPR9021 CNRS Immunologie et Chimie Th=rapeutiques 67084 Strasbourg (France) Fax: (+33)388-610-680 E-mail: A.Bianco@ibmc.u-strasbg.fr Dr. M. Erhardt Institut de Biologie Mol=culaire des Plantes 67084 Strasbourg (France) [**] This work was supported by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universit di Trieste, and Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’ Universit e della Ricerca (MIUR; cofin 2002, prot. 2002032171). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis was performed at the microscopy facility of the Institute of Biomedical Problems and was cofinanced by CNRS, R=gion Alsace, Louis Pasteur University, and the Association de la Recherche pour le Cancer. The authors wish to acknowledge C. D. Partidos for helpful and stimulating discussions. We thank Mr. Claudio Gamboz (Centro Servizi Polivalenti di Ateneo (CSPA), Universit di Trieste) for his great help with the TEM measurements. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.angewandte. org or from the author. Communications
HISTORICAL DIVERSIFICATION OF A TERRA‐FIRME FOREST BIRD SUPERSPECIES: A PHYLOGEOGRAPHIC PERSPECTIVE ON THE ROLE OF DIFFERENT HYPOTHESES OF AMAZONIAN DIVERSIFICATION

Abstract Among those few hypotheses of Amazonian diversification amenable to falsification by phylogenetic and population genetics methods, three can be singled out because of their general application to vertebrates: the riverine barrier, the refuge, and the Miocene marine incursion hypotheses. I used phylogenetic and population genetics methods to reconstruct the diversification history of the upland (terra‐firme) forest superspecies Xiphorhynchus spixii/elegans (Aves: Dendrocolaptidae) in Amazonia, and to evaluate predictions of the riverine barrier, refuge, and Miocene marine incursion hypotheses. Phylogeographic and population genetics analyses of the X. spixiilelegans superspecies indicated that the main prediction of the riverine barrier hypothesis (that sister lineages occur across major rivers) hold only for populations separated by “clear‐water” rivers located on the Brazilian shield, in central and eastern Amazonia; in contrast, “white‐water” rivers located in western Amazonia did not represent areas of primary divergence for populations of this superspecies. The main prediction derived from the refuge hypothesis (that populations of the X. spixiilelegans superspecies would show signs of past population bottlenecks and recent demographic expansions) was supported only for populations found in western Amazonia, where paleoecological data have failed to support past rainforest fragmentation and expansion of open vegetation types; conversely, populations from the eastern and central parts of Amazonia, where paleoecological data are consistent with an historical interplay between rainforest and open vegetation types, did not show population genetics attributes expected under the refuge hypothesis. Phylogeographic and population genetics data were consistent with the prediction made by the Miocene marine incursion hypothesis that populations of the X. spixii/elegans superspecies found on the Brazilian shield were older than populations from other parts of Amazonia. In contrast, the phylogeny obtained for lineages of this superspecies falsified the predicted monophyly of Brazilian shield populations, as postulated by the Miocene marine incursion hypothesis. In general, important predictions of both riverine barrier and Miocene marine incursion hypotheses were supported, indicating that they are not mutually exclusive; in fact, the data presented herein suggest that an interaction among geology, sea level changes, and hydrography created opportunities for cladogenesis in the X. spixii/elegans superspecies at different temporal and geographical scales.
Longitudinal relaxation time editing for acetylcarnitine detection with 1H‐MRS

Acetylcarnitine formation is suggested to be crucial in sustaining metabolic flexibility and glucose homeostasis. Recently, we introduced a method to detect acetylcarnitine in vivo with long TE 1H‐MRS. Differences in T1 relaxation time between lipids and acetylcarnitine can be exploited for additional lipid suppression in subjects with high myocellular lipid levels.
Regulator of G Protein Signaling 6 (RGS6) Protein Ensures Coordination of Motor Movement by Modulating GABAB Receptor Signaling*

Background: GABABR signaling blocks neuronal firing ensuring appropriate cerebellar cortex output. Results: Loss of RGS6 results in ataxia rescued by a GABABR antagonist and enhanced GABABR-GIRK current in neurons. Conclusion: RGS6 is an essential component of GABA signaling in cerebellum and required for motor coordination. Significance: RGS6 dysregulation could result in cerebellar ataxia, and thus, it might represent a novel target for pharmacological intervention. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) release from inhibitory interneurons located within the cerebellar cortex limits the extent of neuronal excitation in part through activation of metabotropic GABAB receptors. Stimulation of these receptors triggers a number of downstream signaling events, including activation of GIRK channels by the Gβγ dimer resulting in membrane hyperpolarization and inhibition of neurotransmitter release from presynaptic sites. Here, we identify RGS6, a member of the R7 subfamily of RGS proteins, as a key regulator of GABABR signaling in cerebellum. RGS6 is enriched in the granule cell layer of the cerebellum along with neuronal GIRK channel subunits 1 and 2 where RGS6 forms a complex with known binding partners Gβ5 and R7BP. Mice lacking RGS6 exhibit abnormal gait and ataxia characterized by impaired rotarod performance improved by treatment with a GABABR antagonist. RGS6−/− mice administered baclofen also showed exaggerated motor coordination deficits compared with their wild-type counterparts. Isolated cerebellar neurons natively expressed RGS6, GABABR, and GIRK channel subunits, and cerebellar granule neurons from RGS6−/− mice showed a significant delay in the deactivation kinetics of baclofen-induced GIRK channel currents. These results establish RGS6 as a key component of GABABR signaling and represent the first demonstration of an essential role for modulatory actions of RGS proteins in adult cerebellum. Dysregulation of RGS6 expression in human patients could potentially contribute to loss of motor coordination and, thus, pharmacological manipulation of RGS6 levels might represent a viable means to treat patients with ataxias of cerebellar origin.
Observability and Controllability Analysis for Sandwich Systems with Backlash

Abstract In this paper, an approach to analyze the observability and controllability of sandwich systems with backlash is proposed. In this method, a non-smooth state-space function is used to describe the sandwich systems with backlash which are also non-smooth non-linear systems. Then, a linearization method based on non-smooth optimization is proposed to derive a linearized state-space function to approximate the non-smooth sandwich systems within a bounded region around the equilibrium point that we are interested in. Afterwards, both observability and controllability matrices are constructed and the methods to analyze the observability as well as controllability of sandwich system with backlash are derived. Finally, numerical examples are presented to validate the proposed method.
Tailored Interventions to Enhance Osteoporosis Prevention in Women

PURPOSE The purpose of this pilot study was to determine if tailored nursing interventions based on personal knowledge of bone mineral density from a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry cause increases in knowledge of osteoporosis, health beliefs, or osteoporosis-prevention behaviors in postmenopausal women 50–65 years of age, 6 months after the intervention. METHOD The design for this pilot study was a two group quasi-experimental design. The treatment group received a tailored intervention; the control group did not. Outcome data were gathered at 6 months after dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. The tailored intervention was designed and given to each woman via telephone using her dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry results and osteoporosis questionnaire data that addressed her knowledge of osteoporosis and osteoporosis-prevention behaviors of calcium intake, exercise, smoking, and alcohol use. A written mailed copy of the intervention followed the telephone interview. Six months after the intervention, the women were mailed another osteoporosis questionnaire to determine if the tailored intervention made a difference in the outcome variables. SAMPLE A total 124 women between the ages of 50 and 65 (101 control, 23 treatment) comprised the sample. RESULTS There was no difference in knowledge between groups. On the average, there were significantly more perceived barriers to calcium in the tailored group (mean = 13.48) than in the nontailored group (mean = 11.55) (t = 2.147; df = 122; p = .034). There were significantly more perceived barriers to exercise in the tailored group (mean = 14.39) than in the nontailored group (mean = 12.21) (t = .144; df = 122; p = .034). Daily calcium intake increased in both the tailored and the nontailored groups. The tailored intervention increased women's daily calcium intake from 614.28 to 1039.10 mg (t = −2.896; df = 22; p = .008). The nontailored group daily calcium intake increased from 587.91 to 916.30 mg (t = −3.541; df = 100; p = .001); there was no significant difference between the groups. Weight-bearing exercise behaviors decreased from 96.04 minutes to 59.2 minutes in the tailored group but increased slightly in the nontailored group from 81.47 to 87.26 minutes of exercise. CONCLUSION Tailored interventions increased women's perceived barriers to calcium and exercise. Both groups increased calcium intake. The mixed findings of increased perception of barriers to calcium and exercise and decreased exercise behaviors indicate the need for further study. This important intervention has implications for orthopaedic nurses and healthcare professionals involved in health promotion and prevention of osteoporosis.
Adjustable maintenance dosing with budesonide/formoterol compared with fixed-dose salmeterol/fluticasone in moderate to severe asthma

SUMMARY Background: Current asthma guidelines recommend that patients are educated to adjust their medication according to their asthma severity using physician-guided self-management plans. However, many patients take a fixed dose of their controller medication and adjust their reliever medication according to asthma symptoms. Objectives: This study examined whether asthma control improved if patients adjusted the maintenance dose of budesonide/formoterol (Symbicort Turbuhaler* 160/4.5 |ig) according to asthma severity compared with traditional fixed dosing (FD) regimens. * Symbicort and Turbuhaler are registered trademarks owned by the AstraZeneca group, t Seretide and Diskus are trademarks of GlaxoSmithKline. Methods: Symptomatic patients with asthma (n = 658, mean symptom score 1.5, mean inhaled corticosteroids 735|ig/day, mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1] 84% predicted) were randomised after 2 weeks' run-in to either: budesonide/formoterol adjustable maintenance dosing (AMD), budesonide/formoterol FD or salmeterol/fluticasone (Seretide Diskust 50/250 |ig) FD. In a 4-week double-blind period, both budesonide/formoterol AMD and FD groups received two inhalations twice daily (bid) and salmeterol/fluticasone FD patients received one inhalation bid. In the following 6-month open extension, both FD groups continued with the same treatment. Patients in the AMD group with well-controlled asthma stepped down to one inhalation bid; others continued with two inhalations bid. All AMD patients could increase to four inhalations bid for 7-14 days if symptoms worsened. All patients used terbutaline or salbutamol for symptom relief throughout. The primary variable was the odds of achieving a well-controlled asthma week (WCAW). Results: The odds ratio for achieving a WCAW did not differ between the FD regimens; however, during the open period, budesonide/formoterol AMD increased the odds of achieving a WCAW vs. budesonide/formoterol FD (odds ratio 1.335; 95% CI: 1.001,1.783; p = 0.049) despite a 15% reduction in average study drug use. Budesonide/formoterol AMD patients had a lower exacerbation rate over the study: 40% lower vs. salmeterol/fluticasone FD (p = 0.018); 32% lower vs. budesonide/formoterol FD (NS). During the double-blind period, there were no clinically relevant differences between the budesonide/formoterol FD and salmeterol/fluticasone FD groups. Budesonide/formoterol AMD patients used less reliever medication in the open extension: 0.58 vs. 0.92 occasions/day for budesonide/formoterol FD (p = 0.001) and 0.80 occasions/day for salmeterol/fluticasone FD (p = 0.011). Conclusions: Adjustable maintenance dosing with budesonide/formoterol provides more effective asthma control by reducing exacerbations and reliever medication usage compared with fixed-dose salmeterol/fluticasone.