Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Selection and persistence of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-resistant HIV-1 in patients starting and stopping non-nucleoside therapy

Background:Understanding the selection and decay of drug-resistant HIV-1 variants is important for designing optimal antiretroviral therapy. Objective:To develop a high-throughput, real-time reverse transcriptase (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to quantify non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-resistant variants K103N (AAT or AAC alleles) at frequencies as low as 0.1%, and to apply this to monitor these variants before, during, and after NNRTI therapy. Methods:HIV-1 RNA in longitudinal plasma samples obtained from patients starting and stopping NNRTI therapy was converted to cDNA and the target sequence region amplified and quantified by real-time PCR. Approximately 107 copies/reaction provided a template for a second round of PCR using primers that discriminated between the mutant and wild-type alleles. Amplification specificity was confirmed by thermal denaturation analysis. Results:Frequencies of 103N similar to assay background (0.029%) were observed in longitudinal samples from 9 of 12 treatment-naive patients; three patients had transient increases in 103N frequency to a range of 0.21–0.48%, which was 7–16.5 times assay background. Analysis of longitudinal plasma samples from six NNRTI-experienced patients showed three patterns: persistence of 103N variants after stopping NNRTI therapy, codon switching of 103N between AAC and AAT during NNRTI therapy, and decay of 103N variants to below assay background after cessation of NNRTI therapy. Conclusions:Allele-specific RT-PCR quantified the emergence and decay of drug-resistant variants in patients over a broad range of frequencies (0.1–100%). The rate of decay of K103N variants after stopping NNRTI therapy was highly variable.
El papel de la información en las cogniciones y percepciones hacia nuevas tecnologías aplicadas a los alimentos

In recent decades, new food technologies have been developed, resulting in several innovations, for instance: genetically modified foods, functional foods, conservation technologies (by irradiation, high pressure, pulsed electric field, etc.) and new applications based on nanotechnology. A large part of consumers don’t have more than a vague idea of the characteristics of food technologies, but they often show rejection behaviors. The development of new processes and techniques incorporating benefits to food products is not easily perceived and valued by consumers, in a context where negative perceptions towards the industrialization of food production exists. Nevertheless, specific knowledge about new food technologies should be considered a key factor in attitudes shaping. In consequence, how these perceptions and attitudes vary when knowledge changes must be examined. We have analyzed this process in a set of consumers who have been transferred accurate information about two groups of food technologies: biotechnology and conservation technologies. Previously, have been investigated preexisting perceptions, knowledge and attitudes. Subsequently, written and audiovisual information have been distributed and discussed. As a result, the perception of change of prior knowledge, the reliability attributed to sources and integration of new information into existing knowledge and beliefs have been deeply investigated.
The regulation of macrophage activity in congenitally athymic mice

It has been suggested that non‐T cell‐mediated cellular immune mechanisms might be elevated in nude mice, which could contribute to their partial resistance to intracellular infectious agents and to the development of spontaneous tumors. In this study we have examined macrophages (MΦ) from athymic, euthymic and athymic T cell‐reconstituted mice in terms of their phagocytic capacity, microbicidal and tumoricidal activity, and the production of hydrogen peroxidase and superoxide anions. These studies have demonstrated the presence of activated MΦ in nude mice and suggest that this activation is associated with the absence of T cell‐mediated suppression. We have also compared MΦ activation levels in germ‐free nude mice which have a defined intestinal bacterial flora. We have found MΦ activity to be significantly elevated in microbiologically defined nude mice when compared to germ‐free nude mice, indicating that a resistant gut flora is capable of nonspecifically stimulating nude mouse MΦ.
MDI Inhalers: Do Nursing Home Support Staff Have Correct Technique?

Many elderly patients in nursing homes in the United States use metered-dose inhaler (MDI) medications for a variety of lung diseases. We wondered how much the nursing support staff knew about correct MDI inhaler technique. Thirty-eight nursing home support staff were asked to demonstrate correct use of a placebo MDI inhaler on themselves. The staff completed an average of 6.9 steps out of 8 correctly. The most common error demonstrated was the staff did not hold their breath for 10 seconds at full inspiration after inhaling the medication. The results suggest that the support staff have incorrect MDI inhaler technique.
EFFECTIVENESS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL LEADERSHIP STYLES IN IMPROVING SMIs MANUFACTURING BUMIPUTERA TECHNOPRENEURS PERFORMANCE IN MELAKA

Understanding effectiveness entrepreneurial leadership styles were important for theoretical and practical reasons because Bumiputera technopreneurial leaders were the individual that need to lead small and medium industries (SMIs) in today’s innovative and dynamic market in Melaka. The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of entrepreneurial leadership styles in impoving SMIs manufacturing bumiputera technopreneurs performance in Melaka. The research had identified the certain personality traits, behaviors, competencies technopreneurial leaders. There were positive and significant relationship between entrepreneurial leadership styles namely transformational leadership style, transactional leadership style and charismatic style with entrepreneurial leaders’ personality traits, entrepreneurial leaders’ behaviours, entrepreneurial leaders’ competencies, entrepreneurial leaders’ monitoring companies’ operation and entrepreneurial leaders’ monitoring companies’ performance. The analysis shown that Bumiputera technopreneurial leaders and entrepreneurial leaders’ monitoring operation and performance among the Bumiputera can use it’s to evaluate SMIs success and ventures success. Also practitioners of high-risk lending may be interested in methods of assessing entrepreneurial leadership that can be introduced into their risk calculus and potentially improve the likelihood of higher returns of their venture in investments. Thus, charismatic leadership style was found most highly related to entrepreneurial leaders’ personality traits, entrepreneurial leaders’ behaviours, entrepreneurial leaders’ competencies, entrepreneurial leaders’ monitoring companies’ operation and entrepreneurial leaders’ monitoring companies’ performance followed by transactional leadership style and transformational leadership style. The conclusion, the research had provide insights for team building in executives’ teams of SMIs, for example providing guidance in finding team members that can make unique contributions via their personality traits, behaviors, competencies and ways to monitor SMIs operation and performance. Suggestions of the research can be used as a guide to present and future SMIs technopreneurs regarding entrepreneurial leadership style that have to be practiced to become successful Bumiputera technopreneurial leader in Melaka. Keywords : effectiveness, entrepreneurial leadership styles, improving, SMI Manufacturing Bumiputera Technopreneurs, performance, Melaka
Ultrastructure evidence of necrotic neural cell death in familial Alzheimer's disease brains bearing presenilin-1 E280A mutation.

Recently, it has been demonstrated that there is no obvious correlation between DNA fragmentation (according to Terminal dUTP Nick-End Labeling technique) and the severity of amyloid-beta (Abeta) deposition and neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) formation in patients bearing mutations in presenilin 1[E280A]. Indeed, it was observed in 10 out of 48 brain sections TUNEL-positive labeling, while none showed classical apoptotic morphology. Based on these findings, we were interested to determine whether cortical cells from temporal and hippocampus post mortem brain sections die either by an apoptotic or necrotic process in FAD-brain sections labeled TUNEL positive compared with normal brain subjects labeled TUNEL-negative using electron microscopy (EM). We found that FAD-brain sections labeled TUNEL positive display the typical morphological characteristics of cell death by necrosis i.e. the nuclear chromatin form flocculent aggregates with poorly defined edges and electron lucent (it does not appears black on EM); the chromatin aggregates are irregularly scattered through the nucleus; mitochondria are swoolen with flocculent matrix densities. No apoptotic bodies were observed in any of the brain areas studied. These results may indicate that necrosis is the most generalized cell death process occurring in terminal PS1E280A brains and the DNA fragmentation of nuclei labeled by TUNEL technique may reflect DNA vulnerability. Thus, cell death by necrosis and the accompanying histopathological observations such as severe deposition of amyloid plaques and NFTs, severe gliosis, cortical depopulation, influx of lymphocytes indicative of a chronic inflammation may have an important impact on future therapeutic strategies in the treatment of PS1E280A patients.
Antigliadin Antibodies (AGA IgG) Are Related to Neurochemistry in Schizophrenia

Inflammation may play a role in schizophrenia; however, subgroups with immune regulation dysfunction may serve as distinct illness phenotypes with potential different treatment and prevention strategies. Emerging data show that about 30% of people with schizophrenia have elevated antigliadin antibodies of the IgG type, representing a possible subgroup of schizophrenia patients with immune involvement. Also, recent data have shown a high correlation of IgG-mediated antibodies between the periphery and cerebral spinal fluid in schizophrenia but not healthy controls, particularly AGA IgG suggesting that these antibodies may be crossing the blood–brain barrier with resulting neuroinflammation. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive technique that allows the quantification of certain neurochemicals in vivo that may proxy inflammation in the brain such as myoinositol and choline-containing compounds (glycerophosphorylcholine and phosphorylcholine). The objective of this exploratory study was to examine the relationship between serum AGA IgG levels and MRS neurochemical levels. We hypothesized that higher AGA IgG levels would be associated with higher levels of myoinositol and choline-containing compounds (glycerophosphorylcholine plus phosphorylcholine; GPC + PC) in the anterior cingulate cortex. Thirty-three participants with a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder had blood drawn and underwent neuroimaging using MRS within 9 months. We found that 10/33 (30%) had positive AGA IgG (≥20 U) similar to previous findings. While there were no significant differences in myoinositol and GPC + PC levels between patients with and without AGA IgG positivity, there were significant relationships between both myoinositol (r = 0.475, p = 0.007) and GPC + PC (r = 0.36, p = 0.045) with AGA IgG levels. This study shows a possible connection of AGA IgG antibodies to putative brain inflammation as measured by MRS in schizophrenia.
“What sort of soil do rhododendrons like?” ‐ comparing customer and employee responses to requests for product‐related information

The first objective of the study was to identify and classify product‐related information that customers expect to receive in interpersonal encounters with employees in a given retail environment. The second objective of the study was to compare the “ability” of both service employees and customers to provide the required information. The third objective was to identify characteristics of customers that differentiate them in terms of their role as on‐site information providers. The study was carried out by questionnaires conducted inside a DIY store. Findings suggest that customers should be encouraged to perform the role of on‐site information providers, responding to other customers’ requests for product‐related information.
Human Mus81 and FANCB independently contribute to repair of DNA damage during replication

Recent studies suggest a crucial role for homologous recombination (HR) in repairing replication‐associated DNA lesions. In mammals, the Mus81 endonuclease and the Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway have been implicated in HR repair; however, their functional relationship has remained unexplored. Here, we knockout the genes for Mus81 and FANCB, a component of the FA core complex, in the human Nalm‐6 cell line. We show that Mus81 plays an important role in cell proliferation to suppress cell death when FANCB is missing, indicating a functional linkage between Mus81 and the FA pathway. In DNA cross‐link repair, roles for Mus81 and the FA pathway appear to have an overlapping function. Intriguingly, Mus81 and FANCB act independently in surviving exposure to camptothecin (CPT). Although CPT‐induced FANCD2 and Mus81 foci co‐localize with Rad51, loss of Mus81, but not FANCB, results in significantly decreased levels of spontaneous and CPT‐induced sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs). In addition, Mus81, unlike FANCB, has no significant role in gene targeting as well as in repairing hydroxyurea (HU)‐induced stalls of replication forks. Collectively, our results provide the first evidence for differential functions of Mus81 and the FA pathway in repair of DNA damage during replication in human cells.
The Complex Resource-Based View: Implications for Theory and Practice in Strategic Human Resource Management

I consider the implications for research and practice in strategic human resource management (SHRM) of a complex, living-systems extension of the resource-based view (RBV). I do so by demonstrating that concepts from complexity align well with the RBV, and I extend the RBV by considering critical but difficult aspects commonly identified in the RBV strategy literature. An integrated framework for SHRM is presented, allowing an application of complexity principles at the appropriate level of abstraction in the HR system.
IDEA and Collaboration

In accordance with the Bakhtinian framework of this article, the text represents a dialogue between practices documented in the literature; the first author's perspective as a teacher, evaluator, and consultant; Bakhtin's theories of language; and the lived experiences of the second author, a parent whose child has been labeled as having a language learning disability. Although the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) grants parents the right to be involved in educational decisions about their children, we argue that the routine disqualification of parents' voices by school professionals is a major obstacle to authentic collaboration. Bakhtin's theories of language serve to illuminate the discourse between parents and professionals in special education committee meetings. We conclude with our vision for a mutual dialogic exchange between parents and professionals.
The Photostability of Amino Acids in Space

Organic compounds observed in the interstellar medium and in solar system bodies are of particular importance for revealing the chemistry that may have led to life's origin. Among these compounds, amino acids may have played a crucial role since they are basic components of proteins, which are the essential constituents of all organisms. We present laboratory studies testing the stability of amino acids against ultraviolet (UV) photolysis. Two biological and two nonbiological amino acids have been irradiated in frozen Ar, N2, and H2O to simulate conditions in the interstellar gas and on interstellar grains. The experimental results can be interpreted to indicate that amino acids in the gas phase will likely be destroyed during the lifetime of a typical interstellar cloud. In regions with relatively low UV radiation, amino acids might be present as transient gas-phase species. Their survival in interstellar icy grain mantles and the surface layers of comets and planets is strongly limited in the presence of UV irradiation. The rate of destruction is rather insensitive to the amino acid structure and to the ice matrix. We consider the implications of these results for the survival and transfer of amino acids in space environments, and thus their possible availability for prebiotic chemistry.
Enabling mobile haptic design: piezoelectric actuator technology properties in hand held devices

Mobile haptics and multimodal design has been strongly constrained by the lack of enabling actuator technologies. In this paper property of the piezoelectric actuator technology for haptic feedback in mobile devices is described. By the careful actuator design and its integration to mobile devices this technology provides realistic possibility for haptic and multimodal design with considerable latitude. Characteristics of mobile device usage are described and their impact to haptic design is discussed
The Impact of Data Mining for Insights in Travel and Tourism Industry

The main interest for a tourism industry lies in analyzing the financial side like revenue per room and traveler expenses. The traveler analysis is provided in most of the analytics but if we can view it from the trip perspective then it will provide more meaningful insight. How a traveler is affected by economy, policies, media and other factors are few of the insightful parameters that we can consider. The concept deals in the area of tourism analytics from the big data perspective and how handling data from the tourism perspective can be made easy. The concept refers to the earnings and the households of the destination and churns the mathematical model to come up with a score for each trip a traveler makes. Based on the model, we also propose architecture for handling the data and provide analytics on the fly. The main aim is to study the tourism industry and come up with various insights to the data and the issues related to the same. The gamified aspect of the industry is also one of the key features to study which we take into consideration and apply forecasting and prediction techniques to see the impact on the revenue or contribution in the future.
Institutional Change in the United States Securities Industry, 1990-2003

Over the past 18 months, legislators and regulators charged securities firms like Merrill Lynch, Citigroup, and Morgan Stanley with legal and ethical failures. Analysts who have studied how corporations fall into such behavior and how regulation can inhibit them from doing so have remarked on the complexity of the subject. This paper discusses one aspect of the complexity—how layers of private and public controls affect firms in interacting ways. This paper discusses the components of a regulatory system and respects in which the components interact, focusing especially on securities regulation since 1990. We examine levels of controls—producer self-restraint and internal control systems within the firm, market controls from customers and others dealing with the firm, private litigation, self-regulatory organizations, public regulation, and Congressional action. Each of these layers of control has strengths and weaknesses from the standpoint of public policy, varying inversely with respect to (1) their command of inside technical information and (2) their ability, legitimized by their responsiveness to social concerns, to rely on public law as a source of power. This paper describes these different controls, how they interact, and some implications for public management and policy. While the paper focuses on one industry, securities, we suggest that its themes apply more widely.
The Relationship between psychomotor vigilance performance and quality of life in obstructive sleep apnea.

OBJECTIVE Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) commonly have cognitive complaints, particularly in attention, and report decreased quality of life. We examined how vigilance and sustained attention, as assessed by the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT), were related to quality of life after controlling for apnea severity and depression in subjects with OSA. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Fifty-seven patients with newly diagnosed and untreated OSA had their sleep monitored with polysomnography. Quality of life was assessed by the Short Form-36 health survey questionnaire (SF-36). Mood was assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) Scale. After sleep monitoring and psychological assessments were performed, the 10-minute PVT was administered. The main outcome variables were PVT lapse count and average response time (RT). Simple correlations and multiple linear regression were used to examine the association between PVT performance and age, body mass index, sleep variables, apnea hypopnea index, oxygen desaturation index, and CES-D. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Both the PVT lapse count and RT were significantly associated with the SF-36 physical component summary score (PCS). In multiple linear regression, PVT RT was an independent predictor of the SF-36 PCS (full model R(2) = 0.331, p = 0.003). PVT lapse was also an independent predictor of the SF-36 PCS (full model R(2) = 0.320, p = 0.004). However, neither PVT RT nor lapse was a significant independent predictor of the SF-36 mental component summary score (MCS). Only CES-D was an individual predictor of the SF-36 MCS (β = -0.676, p < 0.001). Impairments in sustained attention and vigilance may underlie the limitations in physical health-related quality of life reported by people with OSA, even after controlling for demographic variables, apnea severity, and depression.
Networks in Entrepreneurship

The value of networks as integral part of the explanation of entrepreneurial success is widely acknowledged. However, the network perspective lacks specification of the various dimensions of a network and their impact on the early development of a venture. We make a distinction between a Schumpeterian start-up pursuing a radical innovation and a Kirznerian venture on basis of an incremental innovation. This distinction is introduced as a contingency in the way networks contribute to the ability of the entrepreneur to discover opportunities, to get resources, and to gain legitimacy. In this explorative study three cases on high technology firms in The Netherlands provide empirical material to develop a number of propositions on the network effect on the survival or performance of start-ups.