Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Institutionalized effects on innovation: a case study of dental care

This thesis, by observing diffusion, improves understanding of constrains to innovation. It explores dental care in detail, the nature of the market, considerations affecting throughput, introducing the field of dentistry to innovation studies to which patterns of innovation differ from medicine. It describes how the financial managers of dental-care and other institutions mediate/organize the articulation of demand and the decisions of clinical care firms as they seek to drive profitability from dental implant technology. The research followed knowledge at the level of a technique, where transformative effects of technology are understood in terms of technique Pavitt (1987a,c), Rosenberg (1976b, 1982) and Nightingale (2008), in real time, drawing on Granberg’s (1997) mapping technique. The research highlights the value of Chandler’s (1977, 1990) emphasis on “throughput” to the dental sector (Nightingale, 2000; Lazonick, 2005: 40) and the notion that institutions make sense of the stability and structure of the collective action Lundvall (2007) and Johnson (2010), supported by Nelson (2008) and others. For effect on capacity utilization, the research drew on medical economic efficiency literature, Gelijns & Rosenberg (1994) and others of Rosenberg, in other sectors, to draw attention to the interconnectedness of efficiency and utilization to the medical specializations, institutions, bottlenecks, model of delivery and benefits of iterative learning Arrow (1962), Rosenberg (1982), David (1986), and Johnson (2010), that laid the basis to exploring bottlenecks to delivery of dental care, to medical care. The constraint to innovation is the insurance-based financial system, as it changes the direction of learning. Trajectories of technical change have sub-sector, process-level influences that vary with dentist specialty. Learning is directed toward capacity utilization, by increasing throughput to spread costs at a given level of reimbursement, and the prime influence to practical knowledge and change to technique, is the institutionalized continuing education. The thesis shows post-adoption risks to transformation of technique are important to understanding innovation, because it can change the direction of learning, thus challenging the notion of research-based discovery as the preliminary driver of innovation.
Estimating the Impact of ASEAN China Free Trade Agreement on Indonesia’s Trade Balance

Using trade flows data of ASEAN countries and China from 2002 to 2017, this studyestimates the impact of ACFTA on ASEAN countries and China’s trade balance in general,and also for Indonesia’s trade balance in specific by elaborating the impact of ACFTA onthe trade flows both exports and imports. Using the gravity model and estimating by OLSand PPML, this paper finds that the impact of tariffs elimination due to the implementationof ACFTA increased exports and imports for ASEAN countries and China in general, andfor Indonesia in particular. However, the aggregate trade balances of ASEAN membercountries and China is zero since the impact of ACFTA on imports offset the impact ofACFTA on exports. Tariff’s elimination due to the implementation of ACFTA on Indonesiashows a negative and statistically insignificant effect on imports and exports. Thus, tariffshave not played significant role on increasing Indonesia’s exports and imports. As a result,the impact of ACFTA on Indonesia’s trade balance cannot be quantified clearly since theimpact of tariffs on exports and imports are not significant.
Early oral nutrition improves postoperative ileus through the TRPA1/CCK1-R-mediated mast cell-nerve axis

Background The mechanism of early oral nutrition that regulates the mast cell-nerve axis to improve postoperative ileus (POI) remains unclear. This study aims to investigate whether early oral nutrition can improve POI through Transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1)/cholecystokinin 1 receptor (CCK1-R) in the mast cell-nerve axis. Methods Experiment 1: Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into the TRPA1 inhibitor + oral nutrition group (TI + ON + POI), oral nutrition group (ON + POI), POI group (POI) and sham surgery group (Sham). Nine rats in each group were treated. Experiment 2: Primary cultures of mast cells and dorsal root ganglion cells were created, and a non-contact co-culture system was established. The cells were divided into the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) group, mast cell group, DRG + mast cell group, TRPA1 inhibitor or enhancer group, mast cell stabilizer or enhancer group, CCK1-R inhibitor or enhancer group. The results of expression of TRPA1, CCK1-R and histamine in colon tissue, portal vein blood, supernatant or dorsal root ganglia, intestinal transport test and mast cell morphology were analysed. Results In experiment 1, Early oral nutrition could alleviate the degranulation and activation of mast cells and alleviate the inflammatory reaction of intestinal wall muscles (P<0.05). Early oral nutrition improved POI by stabilizing mast cells with TRPA1. TRPA1 inhibitor decreased CCK1-R concentrations in portal vein blood and CCK1-R expression in colonic smooth muscle (P<0.05). In experiment 2, the change in mast cell function regulated the secretion of CCK1-R by neurons, CCK1-R negatively regulated the degranulation and activation of mast cells (P<0.05), and mast cells positively regulated the expression of TRPA1 protein in DRG (P<0.05). Conclusions Early enteral nutrition can improve POI through the TRPA1/CCK1-R-mediated mast cell-nerve axis. TRPA1 positively regulates CCK1-R to stabilize mast cells, but TRPA1 is not the target of the downstream CCK1-R pathway.
Off‐flavors in pond‐grown ictalurid catfish: Causes and management options

Correspondence Kevin K. Schrader, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, National Center for Natural Products Research, Post Office Box 1848, University, MS 38677. Email: kevin.schrader@usda.gov Abstract Ictalurid catfish grown in ponds often acquire undesirable off-flavors prior to harvest. Off-flavors develop when odorous, lipophilic substances in food or water are absorbed across gut or gill epithelium and concentrated in edible tissues. The most common causes of catfish off-flavors are two nontoxic secondary metabolites of planktonic cyanobacteria: geosmin (causing an earthy off-flavor) and 2-methylisoborneol (causing a musty off-flavor). Offflavored fish are unacceptable for processing, and harvest must be postponed until the source of the odorous compound disappears and the compound purges from edible fish tissue. Harvest delays caused by episodes of off-flavor increase production time, interrupt cash flow, and increase the risk of fish loss. Catfish farmers consider off-flavor to be one of their most important production-related problems. This paper reviews the causes of off-flavor in catfish, pharmacokinetics of uptake and loss of odorous compounds in catfish, seasonality and prevalence of off-flavors, farmand industry-level impacts, the ecology of cyanobacteria in catfish ponds, and various strategies for preventing or treating cyanobacterial (and other) off-flavors. A decision-making system based on knowledge gained from research is presented as a guide to effective use of the limited tools available to manage off-flavors.
Plastic debris in rivers

Plastic pollution in aquatic ecosystems is an emerging environmental risk, as it may negatively impacts ecology, endangers aquatic species, and causes economic damage. Rivers are known to play a crucial role in transporting land‐based plastic waste to the world's oceans, but riverine ecosystems are also directly affected by plastic pollution. To better quantify global plastic pollution transport and to effectively reduce sources and risks, a thorough understanding of origin, transport, fate, and effects of riverine plastic debris is crucial. In this overview paper, we discuss the current scientific state on plastic debris in rivers and evaluate existing knowledge gaps. We present a brief background of plastics, polymer types typically found in rivers, and the risk posed to aquatic ecosystems. Additionally, we elaborate on the origin and fate of riverine plastics, including processes and factors influencing plastic debris transport and its spatiotemporal variation. We present an overview of monitoring and modeling efforts to characterize riverine plastic transport, and give examples of typical values from around the world. Finally, we present an outlook to riverine plastic research. With this paper, we aim to present an inclusive and comprehensive overview of riverine plastic debris research to date and suggest multiple ways forward for future research.
FACTORS AFFECTING CONTRACEPTIVE USE AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS

This study examines the effect of education on the contraceptive behaviour of college women and the relationship between circumstances of exposure (that is, conditions under which suspected pregnancies take place) and pregnancy test results. Circumstances of exposure examined in this study include risk-taking behaviours with regard to contraception, contraceptive method failure, and misuse of contraception. Results indicate that clinic-based contraceptive education may have an effective role in stimulating use of a birth control method. Of the three circumstances of exposure (risk taking, misuse, and method failure), positive pregnancy test results seem to be the most associated with risk-taking. RESUME Dans cette etude, les auteurs s'interrogent sur les effets de l'education sur le comportement des etudiantes d'universite en matiere de contraception et sur le rapport entre les circonstances de l'exposition (c'est-a-dire les conditions dans lesquelles certaines grossesses soupconneees ont lieu) et le test de grossesse qui en resulte. Parmi les conditions d'exposition analysees ici, mentionnons les comportements a risque en matiere de contraception, l'echec du moyen de contraception et le mauvais usage des contraceptifs. Il ressort des constatations que l'education en matiere de contraception contribue de maniere efficace a stimuler le recours a un moyen de controle des naissances. Parmi les trois conditions d'exposition (risques, mauvais usage et echec du moyen), ce sont les resultats positifs au test de grossesse qui semblent les plus correles avec la prise de risques.
Değişim ve Yenilik Sürecine İlişkin Öğretmen Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi: Nitel Bir Çalışma

Bu calismanin amaci, degisim ve yenilik surecine iliskin ogretmen goruslerini incelemektir. Arastirma, nitel durum calismasi desenine gore yapilandirilmis olup, veriler arastirmaci tarafindan gelistirilen yari yapilandirilmis gorusme formu araciligiyla toplanmistir. Arastirmanin calisma grubu, ilk ve ortaokullarda calismakta olan 6 farkli branstan 8 ogretmenden olusmaktadir. Katilimcilara yari yapilandirilmis 7 adet soru yuz yuze yoneltilmistir. Gorusmeler sonucunda elde edilen veriler, icerik analizi yontemi ile analiz edilerek temalar ve alt temalar elde edilmistir. Arastirma sonucunda, ogretmenlerin “fayda saglayan, amaca hizmet eden ve kullanilabilir olan” yeniliklere deger verdikleri; “teknoloji”, “uyum saglama”, “gunceli takip”, “kendini gelistirme” temalarini vurguladiklari bulunmustur. Ogretmenler yenilik ve degisim sureclerinden, yuz yuze iletisim ile meslektaslarindan, ilgili web sayfalarindan, egitimle ilgili sitelerden ve sosyal medya araclarindan haberdar olduklarini ve yine bu yollarla bireysel ogrenmelerini destekledikleri belirtmisleridir. Ogretmenler bireysel ogrenme cabalarini destekleyecek araclari, etkili hizmetici egitimler, yenilikleri destekleyecek genel sistem, yenilikleri uygulayacak ogretmen ve yenilikleri uygulayabilecek ogrenme ortamlari olarak belirtmislerdir. Arastirma bulgularindan yola cikilarak; degisikler ve yenilikler oncesi ogretmenlerin konu hakkinda bilgilendirilmesi; yenilik surecine uyum saglayamayan ogretmenler basta olmak uzere tum ogretmenlerin bu surecte desteklenmesi ve denetlenmesi onerilmektedir. Ilkyardim egitimi, yangin egitimi, yeni ogretim metotlarinin kullanimi gibi uygulamali hizmetici egitimlerin arttirilmasinin; okullarda sistemli meslektas ogrenmesi ve paylasim calismalarinin yapilmasinin degisim ve yenilik surecini destekleyecegi dusunulmektedir.
Los probióticos no mejoran los beneficios de un protocolo hospitalario de tratamiento de la diarrea aguda en el lactante.

Rationale: Probiotics have been used in the treatment of acute diarrhea occurring in pediatric ages with mixed results.Objective: To assess the impact of a probiotic (CFU per capsule: Lactobacillus rhamnosus G: 2 x 109, Lactobacillus cassei: 1 x 109, Bifidobacterium brevis: 2 x 109) upon the features and duration of acute diarrhea in breastfed children.Study location: Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Service, “Juan Manuel Marquez” Pediatric Teaching Hospital (Marianao, HavanaCity, Cuba). Study design: Open, quasi-experimental trial. Thirty children with ages 0.05); Improvement of the features of stools: Non-Treated: 93.3% vs. Treated: 96.1% (p > 0.05). Use of probiotics produced an increase of Hemoglobin (
Doenças intersticiais pulmonares no CTI: Quando pensar? Como conduzir?

As doencas intersticiais pulmonares podem ser secundarias a um processo agudo ou resultar de uma inflamacao e cicatrizacao progressiva do parenquima pulmonar. Elas podem ser desafiadoras na terapia intensiva, tanto para o diagnostico quanto para o tratamento. A exclusao de causas reversiveis de insuficiencia respiratoria e medidas de suporte sao os pontos principais da terapia. E fundamental a revisao das imagens radiologicas previas e a realizacao de anamnese detalhada. A coleta de lavado broncoalveolar por broncoscopia e/ou biopsia cirurgica podem ser necessarias. Nas exacerbacoes agudas e recomendado corticosteroide e antibioticos. Frequentemente e necessaria a ventilacao mecânica para melhorar a troca gasosa e a baixa complacencia pulmonar. A insuficiencia respiratoria e um final comum das doencas intersticiais cronicas e apresentam um mau prognostico. Devido a isto, a ventilacao mecânica deve ser oferecida nos casos com processos patologicos reversiveis ou nos candidatos a transplante pulmonar. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) can be an acute process or the result of progressive inflammation and scarring of the pulmonary parenchyma. They can be challenging in the ICU both to diagnose and treatment. Exclusion of reversible causes of respiratory failure while administering supportive care are the mainstay treatment of patients with ILD with respiratory failure. It is fundamental to review previous imaging, detailed medication and occupational history. Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage and/or surgical lung biopsy may be recommended. If an exacerbation syndrome is identified, corticosteroids and antibiotics are advised. Often mechanical ventilation is needed to control poor compliance and gas exchange. Respiratory failure is a common end of chronic ILD and carries a poor outcome. Mechanical ventilation should only be offered in select cases, most notably patients with reversible processes or those considered candidates for lung transplantation.
35 years of excellence, and perspectives ahead for excellence 4.0

About 35 years ago, the word ‘excellence’ entered the business lexicon, quickly making its way into the quality community. Today, excellence has proved to be a valid quality initiative by promoting performance improvements in organisations across the world. But in the face of new industrial paradigms, it also faces challenges - some novel and disruptive; some old and with renewed strength. While in many areas, including the field of quality, discussions regarding the future are common, in the specific case of excellence these have been rare. The driver behind this work is to understand the current state and the future challenges of excellence, supporting these perspectives in a broad literature review covering its history. The results highlight the achievements of excellence, its limitations and challenges, and the key concepts that need addressing in the scope of dealing with the industrial models of the future. Altogether, it looks at the relationships between excellence and other quality initiatives, and identifies opportunities for improvement. By covering the history of excellence, and identifying solutions that can be adapted and integrated in its scope, we hope to present our contributions for sparking discussion and help the development of a robust excellence approach for the future.
Dietary guidance during pregnancy and iodine nutrition: a qualitative approach

Iodine is important for the formation of thyroid hormones and infant neurodevelopment; however iodine intake, knowledge and awareness remain low amongst UK mothers (1 – 3) . Using qualitative study design, we aimed to explore mothers ’ perceptions of nutrition in pregnancy, focussing on points pertinent to iodine nutrition. Women were recruited by snowball sampling using advertisements (in social media, relevant websites and places in the community) and word of mouth (May to November 2015). Inclusion criteria included UK residency, ﬂ uent English and being pregnant, having a child (younger than 2 years old) or trying to conceive. All participants were interviewed individually by phone or face-to-face using a topic guide. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed with thematic analysis, using NVivo version 11 (QSR International). Participants (n = 48) were pregnant (38 %), breastfeeding (35 %), planning to conceive (10 %) and 17 % had a baby or toddler. Four main themes emerged from the interviews: i ) dietary guidance received; ii ) iodine awareness, iii ) acceptance of iodine rich products, dif ﬁ culties and barriers towards consumption and iv ) desirable characteristics of dietary guidance. An emerging theme in women with multiple pregnancies (n = 11) was assumption of prior knowledge by health professionals, leading to less information being provided. This is an issue, considering that most participants were unaware of the importance of iodine, its sources and recommended intake, as previously shown (3) . Only women with nutrition/medical backgrounds were aware of the importance of iodine, its sources and recommended intake - information both surprised and concerned women once handed from the researcher. Written dietary advice was received by most during the ﬁ rst antenatal care appointment (around 12 – 14 weeks gestation), with an overt focus on foods to avoid and supplements ( “ I had very little directions from [
Boundary value problem: Weak solutions induced by fuzzy partitions

The aim of this paper is to propose a new methodology in the construction of spaces of test functions used in a weak formulation of the Boundary Value Problem. The proposed construction is based on the so called "two dimensional" approach where at first, we select a partition of a domain and second, a dimension of an approximating functional subspace on each partition element. The main advantage consists in the independent selection of the key parameters, aiming at achieving a requested quality of approximation with a reasonable complexity. We give theoretical justification and illustration on examples that confirm our methodology.
Novel MRI Approaches to the Detection and Evaluation of Neurodegenerative Disease

This dissertation describes a novel approach to noninvasively evaluating animal models of neurodegeneration using magnetic resonance imaging. This work includes studies of three separate models of central nervous system disease in which MRI diffusion measurements revealed tissue alterations consistent with the tissue damage known to occur in each model. The first part presents a fluid-percussion model of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The results of this study demonstrate that percussive injury on two different cortical sites share diffusionally affected subcortical regions. The gray matter regions identified in this study are consistent with the reported damage that occurs after TBI occurs in patients, suggesting that this animal model is highly relevant in the study of TBI, and DTI methods may improve the differential diagnosis of TBI subtypes. The later part of this dissertation includes work with two models of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In a neurotoxin model of PD using systemic exposure to a slow-release formulation of rotenone, the animal develops many pathologies associated with clinical PD. In the PINK1 knockout rat model of PD, the results showed that the model develops a mild PD phenotype with decreased motor activity and altered olfactory response. In both models, there were many extranigral regions identified as having diffusional changes, many of which have been reported to be affected in clinical PD. This is a novel means of noninvasively identifying CNS changes in neurodegeneration. Without limiting analysis to a priori brain region selection, many affected parts of the brain can be discovered in a single imaging study. These region-wise, whole-brain results can be further investigated to characterize neuropathologies occurring outside the principle injury (distal neurodegeneration in the TBI model) or classically defined disease progression (extranigral changes in PD models). Finding noninvasive imaging biomarkers for CNS disease, as performed in this preclinical work, is paramount to clinical study of disease, where quantitative disease staging based on neuropathology could replace subjective evaluations. This may enable more meaningful recruitment for clinical trials and objective measurement of therapeutic interventions. Northeastern University Bouvé College of Health Sciences Dissertation Approval Dissertation title: Novel MRI Approaches to the Detection and Evaluation of Neurodegenerative Disease Author: Thomas Matthew Barchet Program: Doctor of Philosophy in Pharmaceutical Sciences with a Specialization in Pharmaceutics Approval for dissertation requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy in: Dissertation Committee (Chair): Signature: