Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of core-needle biopsy vs fine-needle aspiration on pathologic measurement of tumor size in breast cancer.

HYPOTHESIS Core-needle biopsy (CNB) and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) play an important role in the initial diagnosis of breast cancer. However, CNB might alter the size of the tumor, which might subsequently change its pathologic stage and thus affect the decision about adjuvant chemotherapy. PATIENTS Between January 2000 and May 2002, we studied 291 patients with invasive carcinoma lesion in a retrospective analysis. One hundred ninety-nine patients underwent ultrasonography-guided CNB. Ninety-two patients had FNA before surgical manipulation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The clinically measured tumor size using ultrasonography was compared with the pathologic tumor size in both the CNB and FNA groups. The difference in each group was determined and analyzed using a t test. The mean +/- SD preoperative ultrasonographically measured size in the CNB group was 2.09 +/- 1.06 cm and in the FNA group, 2.16 +/- 0.92 cm (no significant difference). The pathologic measurement of the lesion on surgical specimens revealed that the mean pathologic tumor size was 2.09 +/- 0.90 cm in the CNB group and 2.36 +/- 0.92 cm in the FNA group. The changes in size from preoperative measurements by ultrasonography to pathologic measurements on surgical specimens were greater in the CNB group (0.003 +/- 0.65 cm) than in the FNA group (0.20 +/- 0.39 cm; P = .001). CONCLUSIONS Although the reduction in tumor size might be small with patients who undergo CNB, it must be considered when deciding adjuvant treatment, especially for tumor sizes on the "borderline" in establishing the indication for and the type of adjuvant treatment.
Automatically identifying focal methods under test in unit test cases

Modern iterative and incremental software development relies on continuous testing. The knowledge of test-to-code traceability links facilitates test-driven development and improves software evolution. Previous research identified traceability links between test cases and classes under test. Though this information is helpful, a finer granularity technique can provide more useful information beyond the knowledge of the class under test. In this paper, we focus on Java classes that instantiate stateful objects and propose an automated technique for precise detection of the focal methods under test in unit test cases. Focal methods represent the core of a test scenario inside a unit test case. Their main purpose is to affect an object's state that is then checked by other inspector methods whose purpose is ancillary and needs to be identified as such. Distinguishing focal from other (non-focal) methods is hard to accomplish manually. We propose an approach to detect focal methods under test automatically. An experimental assessment with real-world software shows that our approach identifies focal methods under test in more than 85% of cases, providing a ground for precise automatic recovery of test-to-code traceability links.
Modulation of the Oxidative Burst in Trout Myeloid Cells by Adrenocorticotropic Hormone and Catecholamines: Mechanisms of Action

The oxidative burst of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) phagocytes was previously found to be differentially modulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and the catecholamine receptor agonists phenylephrine and isoproterenol. From data obtained using both luminol‐enhanced chemiluminescence (LECL) and ferricytochrome C (cyt C) reduction to measure oxidative burst kinetics, we postulated that the observed modulation was mediated by affects on enzymes responsible for the production and metabolism of superoxide anion. Using exogenous superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase as scavengers, nitroprusside to poison endogenous SOD, and an assay for hydrogen peroxide, we have tested our postulates by exploiting the differences with which various reactive oxygen intermediates influence LECL and cyt C reduction. The ability of ACTH to potentiate both assays of the oxidative burst appears due to its enhancing influence on the production of superoxide. Phenylephrine, an α‐adrenergic receptor agonist, appears to enhance the activity of endogenous SOD, whereas isoproterenol, a β‐adrenergic receptor agonist, may suppress SOD activity. This work reveals how components of the natural immune system may be regulated by products of the neuroendocrine system. Also, lymphocyte‐derived ACTH may provide a novel pathway for lymphoid regulation of inflammation.
Baroreflex sensitivity after kidney transplantation: arterial or neural improvement?

dialysis treatment modalities. Health Policy 2008; 86: 163–180 11. Fong E, Bargman JM, Chan CT. Cross-sectional comparison of quality of life and illness intrusiveness in patients who are treated with nocturnal home hemodialysis versus peritoneal dialysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2007; 2: 1195–1200 12. McFarlane PA, Bayoumi AM, Pierratos A et al. The quality of life and cost utility of home nocturnal and conventional incenter hemodialysis. Kidney Int 2003; 64: 1004–1011 13. Lee CP, Zenios SA, Chertow GM. Cost-effectiveness of frequent in-center hemodialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2008; 19: 1792–1797 14. Tennankore KK, Chan CT, Curran SP. Intensive home hemodialysis: benefits and barriers. Nat Rev Nephrol 2012; 8: 515–522 15. Chow KM, Li PK-T. Dialysis: choice of dialysis—what to do with economic incentives. Nat Rev Nephrol 2012; 8: 495–496
Light-to-moderate alcohol consumption and the risk of stroke among U.S. male physicians.

BACKGROUND Several studies have shown U- or J-shaped relations between alcohol consumption and the risk of stroke. We evaluated the effect of light-to-moderate alcohol intake on the risk of stroke, with separate analyses of ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. METHODS Our analyses were based on a prospective cohort study of 22,071 male physicians, 40 to 84 years old, who were participating in the Physicians' Health Study. At base line, the participants reported that they had no history of stroke, transient ischemic attack, or myocardial infarction and were free of cancer. Alcohol intake, reported by 21,870 participants at base line, ranged from none or almost none to two or more drinks per day. RESULTS During an average of 12.2 years of follow-up, 679 strokes were reported. As compared with participants who had less than one drink per week, those who drank more had a reduced overall risk of stroke (relative risk, 0.79; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.66 to 0.94) and a reduced risk of ischemic stroke (relative risk, 0.77; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.63 to 0.94). There was no statistically significant association between alcohol consumption and hemorrhagic stroke. The overall relative risks of stroke for the men who had one drink per week, two to four drinks per week, five or six drinks per week, or one or more drinks per day were 0.78 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.59 to 1.04), 0.75 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.58 to 0.96), 0.83 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.62 to 1.11), and 0.80 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.64 to 0.99), respectively, in an analysis in which we controlled for major risk factors for stroke. CONCLUSIONS Light-to-moderate alcohol consumption reduced the overall risk of stroke and the risk of ischemic stroke in men. The benefit is apparent with as little as one drink per week. Greater consumption, up to one drink per day, does not increase the observed benefit.
Dietary alpha-linolenic acid intake and risk of sudden cardiac death and coronary heart disease.

BACKGROUND Alpha-linolenic acid, an intermediate-chain n-3 fatty acid found primarily in plants, may decrease the risk of fatal coronary heart disease (CHD) through a reduction in fatal ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD). METHODS AND RESULTS We prospectively examined the association between dietary intake of alpha-linolenic acid assessed via updated food-frequency questionnaires and the risk of SCD, other fatal CHD, and nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) among 76,763 women participating in the Nurses' Health Study who were free from cancer and completed a dietary questionnaire at baseline in 1984. During 18 years of follow-up, we identified 206 SCDs, 641 other CHD deaths, and 1604 nonfatal MIs. After controlling for coronary risk factors and other fatty acids, including long-chain n-3 fatty acids, the intake of alpha-linolenic acid was inversely associated with the risk of SCD (P for trend, 0.02) but not with the risk of other fatal CHD or nonfatal MI. Compared with women in the lowest quintile of alpha-linolenic acid intake, those in the highest 2 quintiles had a 38% to 40% lower SCD risk. This inverse relation with SCD risk was linear and remained significant even among women with high intakes of long-chain n-3 fatty acids. CONCLUSIONS These prospective data suggest that increasing dietary intake of alpha-linolenic acid may reduce the risk of SCD but not other types of fatal CHD or nonfatal MI in women. The specificity of the association between alpha-linolenic acid and SCD supports the hypothesis that these n-3 fatty acids may have antiarrhythmic properties.
Five-Year Follow-Up of a 13-Year-Old Boy with a Pituitary Adenoma Causing Gigantism – Effect of Octreotide Therapy

Background/Aim: In children, there is little experience with octreotide therapy for pituitary tumors, especially growth hormone (GH) producing adenomas. We report on a 13-year-old boy with gigantism due to a GH-producing pituitary adenoma caused by a Gsα mutation on the basis of McCune-Albright syndrome. Methods: At the age of 6.5 years a GH- and prolactin-producing pituitary adenoma was diagnosed. The adenoma was surgically removed. Immediately thereafter, the small adenoma residuum was treated with octreotide (2 × 100 µg/day s.c.). Results: During therapy with octreotide, the growth rate dropped to normal values; however, rose again after 2 years of treatment. The insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels remained above the 95th percentile, the GH level mostly >2 µg/l. After 5 years of octreotide therapy, GH (6.9 µg/l), IGF-I (620 µg/l), IGF-binding protein 3 (5.4 mg/l), and prolactin (17.0 ng/ml) levels were still elevated. The growth velocity was +2.4 SDS (standard deviation score), the pubertal status was mature, and the bone age was 14.3 years (prospective final height 208 cm). A magnetic resonance imaging scan showed an unchanged residual 4-mm rim of adenoma at the pituitary site. Side effects from octreotide therapy were not reported by the patient or his family. The therapy was changed to the long-acting release octreotide analog octreotide-LAR. After 1 year of treatment with octreotide-LAR, the GH level was 1.0 µg/l, and the prospective final height dropped by 10 cm. Conclusions: This case demonstrates that combined surgical and medical treatment can influence the prognosis of childhood gigantism; however, the prognosis of this rare condition remains uncertain.
CO-INTEGRAÇÃO ENTRE O LUCRO CONTÁBIL E O PREÇO DAS AÇÕES NEGOCIADAS PELA BOVESPA: UM ESTUDO EMPÍRICO

A relacao entre a estrutura de capital das empresas e o seu valor no mercado de capitais vem, ha muito tempo, tomando espaco nas pesquisas academicas. Por este motivo, o objetivo central do presente trabalho e avaliar o equilibrio de longo prazo e a dinâmica de curto prazo para a relacao entre o lucro contabil das empresas e o respectivo preco das acoes negociadas pela BOVESPA atraves da analise de co-integracao e do Vetor de Correcao de Erros. Nos testes das Estatisticas de Traco e Max-Eigenvalue foi identificado que grande parte das empresas objeto da analise, que sao integradas de mesma ordem, apresentaram uma relacao significativa de longo prazo entre o Lucro Contabil e o valor das acoes negociadas. Este resultado evidencia a relevância dos dados contabeis para o mercado de capitais, mostrando que o resultado das empresas influencia substancialmente o preco das acoes no mercado de capitais.
Expression of Sonic hedgehog and retinal opsin genes in experimentally-induced myopic chick eyes.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in the expression of different genes in chick retinal tissues after induction of experimental myopia and to evaluate the roles of these genes in the regulation of postnatal eye growth and myopia. Form-deprivation using occlusive goggles and hyperopic defocus by negative spectacle lenses were used to induce myopia in hatched chicks. Expression levels of Sonic hedgehog, its receptor complex, and other retinal cell genes were evaluated by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Levels of Sonic hedgehog protein were further evaluated by Western blot analysis. The induction of myopia caused significant increase in expression of Sonic hedgehog mRNA and protein and increased expression of blue and red opsin mRNA. In contrast, the expression of mRNA for Sonic hedgehog receptor complex (Patched-Smoothened), rhodopsin, vimentin, green opsin, violet opsin, and HPC-1 were unaffected by the induction of myopia. The increase in expression of Sonic hedgehog in chick retinas in experimentally-induced myopia suggests involvement in the retina control of postnatal eye growth. Furthermore, Sonic hedgehog may influence the expression of blue and red opsins under myopic conditions.
Brief physician advice for problem alcohol drinkers. A randomized controlled trial in community-based primary care practices.

OBJECTIVE Project TrEAT (Trial for Early Alcohol Treatment) was designed to test the efficacy of brief physician advice in reducing alcohol use and health care utilization in problem drinkers. DESIGN Randomized controlled clinical trial with 12-month follow-up. SETTING A total of 17 community-based primary care practices (64 physicians) located in 10 Wisconsin counties. PARTICIPANTS Of the 17695 patients screened for problem drinking, 482 men and 292 women met inclusion criteria and were randomized into a control (n=382) or an experimental (n=392) group. A total of 723 subjects (93%) participated in the 12-month follow-up procedures. INTERVENTION The intervention consisted of two 10- to 15-minute counseling visits delivered by physicians using a scripted workbook that included advice, education, and contracting information. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Alcohol use measures, emergency department visits, and hospital days. RESULTS There were no significant differences between groups at baseline on alcohol use, age, socioeconomic status, smoking status, rates of depression or anxiety, frequency of conduct disorders, lifetime drug use, or health care utilization. At the time of the 12-month follow-up, there were significant reductions in 7-day alcohol use (mean number of drinks in previous 7 days decreased from 19.1 at baseline to 11.5 at 12 months for the experimental group vs 18.9 at baseline to 15.5 at 12 months for controls; t=4.33; P<.001), episodes of binge drinking (mean number of binge drinking episodes during previous 30 days decreased from 5.7 at baseline to 3.1 at 12 months for the experimental group vs 5.3 at baseline to 4.2 at 12 months for controls; t=2.81; P<.001), and frequency of excessive drinking (percentage drinking excessively in previous 7 days decreased from 47.5% at baseline to 17.8% at 12 months for the experimental group vs 48.1% at baseline to 32.5% at 12 months for controls; t=4.53; P<.001). The chi2 test of independence revealed a significant relationship between group status and length of hospitalization over the study period for men (P<.01). CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first direct evidence that physician intervention with problem drinkers decreases alcohol use and health resource utilization in the US health care system.
Living with coeliac disease beyond the diagnosis

Introduction: Studies show that women living in Sweden treated for coeliac disease have lower subjective health than other women. After showing signs of remission, adults who have coeliac disease and follow a gluten-free diet, are expected to handle the treatment without any further planned follow-up by health care.Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to study aspects of living with coeliac disease in adults in the years beyond the diagnosis.Methods: Quantitative methods were used in Studies I, II and III. A qualitative content analysis was performed in Study IV.Results: The results show that women with coeliac disease have a lower level of well-being than men with coeliac disease. The women who have coeliac disease reported a high rate of gastrointestinal symptoms, although they followed a gluten-free diet, and they visited health care services more frequently than women who did not have coeliac disease. A low rate of gastrointestinal symptoms, a positive self-image and few comorbidity emerged as factors that positively affected well-being. Worries also seemed to be a companion of women diagnosed with coeliac disease in adulthood, typically evident when socializing with others.Conclusion: This thesis may provide evidence questioning the validity of declaring all women with coeliac disease showing a normalized intestinal mucosa to be in remission, and thus leaving them to self-management.Clinical implications: Health care professionals need to be aware of that the transition to a gluten-free life may vary for individuals. It does not seem enough to follow a gluten-free diet to reach a state of good well-being for all women. A major task for health care providers is therefore to support women with CD in reaching better subjective treatment outcomes. The results may also contribute to that health care system develops routines in order to optimise the care and treatment of these patients.
VO2max characteristics of elite female soccer players, 1989-2007.

PURPOSE To quantify VO2max among female competitive soccer players as a function of performance level, field position, and age. In addition, the evolution of VO2max among world-class players over an 18-y period was quantified. METHODS Female players (N = 199, 22 ± 4 y, 63 ± 6 kg, height 169 ± 6 cm), including an Olympic winning squad, were tested for VO2max at the Norwegian Olympic Training Center between 1989 and 2007. RESULTS National-team players had 5% higher VO2max than 1st-division players (P = .042, d = 0.4), 13% higher than 2nd-division players (P < .001, d = 1.2), and 9% higher than junior players (P = .005, d = 1.0). Midfielders had 8% higher VO2max than goalkeepers (P = .048, d = 1.1). No significant differences were observed across outfield players or different age categories. There was a trend toward lower relative VO2max across time epochs. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that VO2max varies across playing-standard level in women's soccer. No significant differences in VO2max were observed across outfield positions and age categories. Over time, there has been a slight negative development in VO2max among elite Norwegian soccer players.
Desquamative gingivitis - A clinical sign in mucous membrane pemphigoid: Report of a case and review of literature

Gingival desquamation is a clinical sign in which the gingiva appears reddish, glazed and friable with destruction of the epithelium. Gingival desquamation may be the result of various disease processes in gingiva. Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP), oral lichen planus and pemphigus vulgaris accounts for the major causes of gingival desquamation. MMP is a rare, chronic autoimmune blistering disorder characterized by subepithelial bullae. The condition frequently involves mucous membranes, with rare skin involvement. Oral cavity is mostly affected and desquamative gingivitis is the most common manifestation. Hereby, we present an interesting case of MMP manifesting as desquamative gingivitis, along with a brief review of the literature.
Social-Emotional Screening Status in Early Childhood Predicts Elementary School Outcomes

OBJECTIVE. The goal was to examine whether children who screen positive for social-emotional/behavioral problems at 12 to 36 months of age are at elevated risk for social-emotional/behavioral problems in early elementary school. METHODS. The sample studied (N = 1004) comprised an ethnically (33.3% minority) and socioeconomically (17.8% living in poverty and 11.3% living in borderline poverty) diverse, healthy, birth cohort from a metropolitan region of the northeastern United States. When children were 12 to 36 months of age (mean age: 23.8 months; SD: 7.1 months), parents completed the Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment and questions concerning their level of worry about their child's behavior, emotions, and social development. When children were in early elementary school (mean age: 6.0 years; SD: 0.4 years), parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist and teachers completed the Teacher Report Form regarding behavioral problems. In a subsample (n = 389), parents reported child psychiatric status. RESULTS. Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment screen status and parental worry were associated significantly with school-age symptoms and psychiatric disorders. In multivariate analyses that included Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment status and parental worry, Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment scores significantly predicted all school-age problems, whereas worry predicted only parent reports with the Child Behavior Checklist. Children with of-concern scores on the problem scale of the Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment were at increased risk for parent-reported subclinical/clinical levels of problems and for psychiatric disorders. Low competence scores predicted later teacher-reported subclinical/clinical problems and parent-reported disorders. Worry predicted parent-reported subclinical/clinical problems. Moreover, the Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment identified 49.0% of children who exhibited subclinical/clinical symptoms according to teachers and 67.9% of children who later met the criteria for a psychiatric disorder. CONCLUSIONS. Screening with a standardized tool in early childhood has the potential to identify the majority of children who exhibit significant emotional/behavioral problems in early elementary school.
Geographical Based Routing Protocols in VANET Architecture

VANET is the core of Intelligent Transportation Systems where the vehicles are able to communicate with each other through beacon messages to make aware of the traffic problems, any other road accidents, assistance to the driver, new updates from stores and malls, etc. The VANET architecture comprises of Vehicle to Vehicle Communication (V2V), Vehicle to Infrastructure Communication (V2I), Vehicle to Roadside Communication (V2R). Each communication two different environments i.e., City Environment and Highway Environment. Now these two environments have different types of traffic problems due to which the vehicle density is sometimes sparse and sometimes dense. In this paper, geographical based VANET routing protocols have been discussed and we have tried to find out which routing protocol will be more suitable in the VANET architecture. As the previous works shows that the protocols which are used in VANET are the MANET protocols for routing information. But since VANET is different from MANET in several ways, so there is a need to develop protocols which are purely based on VANET architecture. Finally, we have described some geographical based routing protocols which can be used in VANET.
GaInAsP-InP distributed feedback waveguides for all-optical switching

All-optical switching characteristics of waveguide devices having a nonlinear distributed feedback structure are reported theoretically and experimentally. These devices were composed of a strip-loaded GaInAsP-InP waveguide and a Bragg reflector, which were suitable for optical integrated circuit. In the experiments, all-optical and gate operation and set-reset operation for two output ports were successfully demonstrated.