Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of FDG PET/CT and chest CT in the follow-up of lung lesions treated with radiofrequency ablation.

PURPOSE To compare fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) and chest CT in the evaluation of the effectiveness of lung radiofrequency (RF) ablation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Institutional review board approved the study, and all patients gave written informed consent. Thirty-four patients (22 men and 12 women; mean age, 64 years) planned to undergo lung RF ablation were prospectively included and underwent FDG PET/CT and chest CT before (pre-RF ablation PET) and 24 hours, 1 month, and 3 months after RF ablation. Persistent equivocal findings up to 3 months were followed up. RESULTS Pre-RF ablation PET led to changes in the treatment strategy in nine patients (26%) by depicting unexpected metastases. Two patients without FDG uptake in lesions to be treated were excluded. Overall, 28 patients (46 lesions: five primary cancer, 41 metastases) were treated and followed up. Within 3 months after RF ablation, incomplete treatment was diagnosed in four of 28 patients (14%, three at 1 month and one at 3 months). Findings of FDG PET/CT were true-positive in four, false-positive in one, and true-negative in 23 patients. Findings of chest CT were true-positive in one, false-positive in one, false-negative in three, and true-negative in 23 patients. Inflammatory FDG uptake in mediastinal lymph nodes and at the needle path puncture site used for RF ablation was observed in 15%, 21%, and 15% of patients and in 19%, 11%, and 15% of patients at 24 hours, 1 month, and 3 months, respectively. CONCLUSION FDG PET/CT can be used for the evaluation of the effectiveness of lung RF ablation. Inflammatory FDG uptake in mediastinal lymph nodes or at the needle path site used for RF ablation may occur.
Childhood Hepatitis A Virus Infection Complicated by Bell's Palsy

The full blood count was normal. The liver function tests (LFT) showed the following values: total serum bilirubin 4.6 mg/dL (conjugated fraction 3.0), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 436 IU/L, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 348 IU/L, prothrombin time (PT) 15 seconds (normal, <12 seconds). Because of the clinical presentation and the deranged LFT, hepatitis screen was undertaken. IgM and IgG antibodies to HAV were detected in the serum of the patient. The serologies for other hepatotrophic viruses (hepatitis B virus [HBV], hepatitis C virus, hepatitis E virus, Epstein-Barr virus, herpes simplex virus, and cytomegalovirus) were negative. Blood and urine cultures remained sterile. Serum ammonia, lactate, and ceruloplasmin values were within the reference range. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed an increase in echogenicity of the liver parenchyma. Cranial computed tomography scans of both the mastoids and fundoscopy were noncontributory. The patient was managed with supportive therapy for both her conditions. Corticosteroids were not used to treat the facial palsy because of the concomitant HAV infection. There was gradual improvement in her condition, with serum bilirubin and liver enzymes returning to normal in 12 days and facial weakness recovering in 1 month.
In Vivo Changes in the Patterns of Chromatin Structure Associated with the Latent Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Genome in Mouse Trigeminal Ganglia Can Be Detected at Early Times after Butyrate Treatment

ABSTRACT During herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency in mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG), chromatin associated with the latency-associated transcript (LAT) region of the viral genome is hyperacetylated at lysines 9 and 14 of histone 3 [H3(K9, K14)], while lytic genes are hypoacetylated. Explanted DRG exhibit a pattern of deacetylation of the LAT enhancer followed by acetylation of the ICP0 promoter at early times postexplant. Recently, we reported that sodium butyrate induced in vivo reactivation of HSV-1 in latent mice. In this study, we assessed the effect of sodium butyrate on the chromatin patterns of latent and butyrate-treated mouse trigeminal ganglia (TG) via chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). We detected deacetylation of acetyl H3(K9, K14) of the LAT promoter and LAT enhancer regions as early as 0.5 h post-butyrate treatment, and this deacetylation corresponded to an increase in the acetylation of the lytic promoters ICP0 and ICP4 at 0.5 h and 1 h post-butyrate treatment, respectively. This is the first study to combine in vivo reactivation with the examination of the HSV-1 genome through ChIP assays at early times after the introduction of in vivo reactivation stimuli.
NMR study of the chemisorption bond of carbon monoxide on platinum.

The authors report /sup 13/C NMR studies of /sup 13/Co adsorbed on small Pt particles and show that the data yield quantitative information about the CO-Pt bond. They find that the /sup 13/C resonance position is shifted 200 ppm to higher frequency than in CO gas. They prove that the shift arises from polarization of the electron spins in the bond (a Knight shift) by showing that the spin-lattice relaxation obeys the Korringa law. Using ESR results from CO radicals, they deduce the local density of states of the CO 5sigma orbital on the carbon atom at the Fermi energy. The NMR also reveals diffusion of CO on the Pt surface.
Lysigenous aerenchyma formation in maize root is confined to cortical cells by regulation of genes related to generation and scavenging of reactive oxygen species

To adapt to waterlogging, maize (Zea mays) forms lysigenous aerenchyma in root cortex as a result of ethylene-promoted programmed cell death (PCD). Respiratory burst oxidase homolog (RBOH) gene encodes a homolog of gp91phox in NADPH oxidase, and has a role in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recently, we found that, during aerenchyma formation, RBOH was up-regulated in all maize root tissues examined, whereas an ROS scavenging-related metallothionein (MT) gene was down-regulated specifically in cortical cells. Together, these changes should lead to high accumulations of ROS in root cortex, thereby inducing PCD for aerenchyma formation. As further evidence of the involvement of ROS in root aerenchyma formation, the PCD was inhibited by diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), an NADPH oxidase inhibitor. Based on these results, we propose a model of cortical cell-specific PCD for root aerenchyma formation.
Epistaxis: update on management

Purpose of reviewThis article reviews the literature on epistaxis, with a focus on the past 12–18 month, and aims to classify the literature available for this very common otolaryngology emergency. Recent findingsEpistaxis can be classified into primary or secondary epistaxis based on cause. It can also be classified as childhood and adult epistaxis. These classifications are useful clinically, as the management of each group is different. Primary epistaxis should be managed by identification of the actual bleeding point and treated with chemical or electrocautery, bipolar diathermy or small packs placed directly over the bleeding point. Secondary epistaxis should be managed by identification of the cause, with application of appropriate nasal therapy and, importantly, corrective systemic medical management. We now have useful guidelines for the management of patients whose epistaxis is secondary to warfarin and a growing body of information regarding complementary medicines that may contribute to bleeding. The literature continues to support the role of antiplatelet drugs as important risk factors for epistaxis. Patients with continued epistaxis despite initial measures should be considered earlier, rather than later, for surgical ligation techniques or embolization. Children with epistaxis should be managed with topical antiseptic cream with or without septal cautery. SummaryRecent literature focuses on the cause and management of epistaxis. Although the level of evidence available for this topic is low, there have been many clinically useful studies that will contribute to an overall improvement in patient care.
Bayesian Integrated analysis of multiple types of rare variants to infer risk genes for schizophrenia and other neurodevelopmental disorders

Integrating rare variation from family and case/control studies has successfully implicated specific genes contributing to risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In schizophrenia (SCZ), however, while sets of genes have been implicated through study of rare variation, very few individual risk genes have been identified. Here, we apply hierarchical Bayesian modeling of rare variation in schizophrenia and describe the proportion of risk genes and distribution of risk variant effect sizes across multiple variant annotation categories. Briefly, we developed a pipeline based on the previous work used in ASD studies to jointly estimate genetic parameters for one or multiple combined populations of any disease. We applied this method to the largest available collection for rare variants in schizophrenia (1,077 families, 6,699 cases and 13,028 controls). We defined five variant annotation categories: disruptive (nonsense, frameshift, essential splice site mutations), damaging (predicting damaging by seven algorithms), silentFCPk (silent mutations within frontal cortex-derived DHS peaks) de novo mutations, and disruptive and damaging missense case/control singletons. We estimated that 8.01% of genes are risk genes (95% credible interval, CI, 4.59-12.9%), with mean effect sizes (95% CIs) of 12.25 (4.822.22) for disruptive de novos, 1.44 (1-3.16) for missense damaging de novos, and 1.22 (1-2.16) for silentFCPk de novos. The mean effect sizes of damaging and disruptive singleton variants for three case-control populations were 2.09 (1.04-3.54), 2.44 (1.04, 5.73) and 1.04 (1-1.19) respectively. Our analysis identified only two known SCZ risk genes with FDR<0.05: SETD1A and TAF13; and two other genes with FDR < 0.1: RB1CC1 and PRRC2A. We further used FDRs to directly analyze candidate gene sets for the enrichment of Bayesian support. Significant enrichments were observed for essential genes, which were found enriched among autism genes in a recent study, and central nervous system (CNS) related genes, in addition to gene sets previously found to be enriched (including in these data). We conduct power analyses under our inferred model for SCZ, estimating the number of risk gene discoveries as more data become available, and quantifying the greater value of case/control over trio samples for novel rare variant risk gene discovery. We also applied the method to four other neurodevelopmental disorders: autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disorder (ID), developmental disorder (DD) and epilepsy (EPI), in total 10,792 families, and 4,058 cases and controls. The predicted proportions of risk genes in these diseases were smaller than that in SCZ, 4.6% in ASD, and < 3% for the other disorders. We report 164 and 58 genes with FDR < 0.05 for DD and ID, respectively, 101 and 15 of which are novel. Overall, replication of previous results confirms the robustness of our approach, and our method is able to identify novel risk genes for SCZ as well as for other diseases.
Attachment of piliated, Opa- and Opc- gonococci and meningococci to epithelial cells elicits cortical actin rearrangements and clustering of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins

Attachment of piliated Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Neisseria meningitidis cells to A431, Chang, HEC-1-B, or polarized T(84) cells triggers rearrangements of cortical microfilaments and the accumulation of phosphotyrosine-containing proteins at sites of bacterial contact. Actin stress fibers and the microtubule network remain unaltered in infected cells. The rearrangements reported here are triggered by piliated, Opa- and Opc- strains and also by nonpiliated gonococci (GC) that produce the invasion-associated OpaA protein. Thus, neisserial adhesion via either of at least two different adhesins can trigger cortical rearrangements. In contrast, these rearrangements are not triggered by nonadherent GC or meningococcal strains, by heat-killed or chloramphenicol-treated GC strains, or by Escherichia coli recombinants that adhere to cells via GC OpaA or Opal fusion proteins, suggesting that additional neisserial components are involved. Immunoblotting experiments did not detect consistent increases in the phosphorylation of specific proteins. Possible biological implications of these Neisseria-induced cortical rearrangements are discussed.
Proposal of fuzzy evolutionary algorithms with fuzzy-valued genotypes

This paper proposes EAs that utilize fuzzy values directly as the genotype values. In the proposed method, each element in a genotype is a fuzzy value. The author extends EA operations for the fuzzy-valued genotypes. Section 2 describes the extensions of EA operations including population initialization, fitness evaluation, and reproduction. The fitness evaluation methods are extended according to application problems, and the reproduction methods are extended according to EA variations.
Species interactions slow warming-induced upward shifts of treelines on the Tibetan Plateau

Significance Climatic warming is expected to shift alpine treelines upward because regeneration and growth of trees there are limited by low temperature. However, treeline displacement is spatially heterogeneous, despite warming climate. Using data on undisturbed spruce and fir treeline plots located on the Tibetan Plateau between 28.4 and 38.5°N, we showed that climatic warming tended to promote an upward shift of alpine treelines at local and regional scales. However, upslope migration rates were controlled largely by interspecific interactions. The species interaction mechanism both helps to explain why many treelines have not advanced in response to climatic warming and highlights that predictions of treeline shifts based solely on climate may be misleading, because interspecific interactions can temper effects of climatic change. The alpine treeline is commonly regarded as being sensitive to climatic warming because regeneration and growth of trees at treeline generally are limited by low temperature. The alpine treelines of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) occur at the highest elevations (4,900 m above sea level) in the Northern Hemisphere. Ongoing climatic warming is expected to shift treelines upward. Studies of treeline dynamics at regional and local scales, however, have yielded conflicting results, indicating either unchanging treeline elevations or upward shifts. To reconcile this conflict, we reconstructed in detail a century of treeline structure and tree recruitment at sites along a climatic gradient of 4 °C and mean annual rainfall of 650 mm on the eastern TP. Species interactions interacted with effects of warming on treeline and could outweigh them. Densification of shrubs just above treeline inhibited tree establishment, and slowed upward movement of treelines on a time scale of decades. Interspecific interactions are major processes controlling treeline dynamics that may account for the absence of an upward shift at some TP treelines despite continued climatic warming.
Development of the "hybrid turbo," an electrically assisted turbocharger

If automotive engines are to achieve better environmental properties and drivability, they must be equipped with more advanced systems for operation control. Electrical operation systems are now being incorporated in engine designs for this purpose. The "hybrid turbo" is an electrically assisted turbocharger with a high-speed motor generator built in. When operating in the low-speed engine mode, the hybrid turbo can achieve better combustion, purer exhaust gas, improved torque response, and torque enhancements with motor assistance. In the high-speed engine mode, it can operate with very high efficiency by achieving regeneration of electric power in excess of the exhaust gas energy. For these reasons, the electrically assisted turbocharger is expected to be adopted as the turbocharger of the future. In recent engine tests, a new hybrid turbo developed by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (MHI) has been proven to operate with improved engine torque and enhanced response compared to a conventional turbocharger. The effectiveness of this hybrid turbo has thus been confirmed.
Endocrine therapy resistance and epithelial to mesenchymal transition are driven by Nicastrin and Notch4 cooperation in MCF7 breast cancer cells.

Endocrine therapy resistant (ETR) tumors often display mesenchymal features, associated with aggressive and enhanced motility behaviour. Notch signalling is over-activated in ETR cells. By blocking it, it is possible to interfere with the cell growth. Notch is also implicated in regulating epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) affecting both migration and invasion in breast cancer cells. We know that Nicastrin is the major component of the multi-subunit protease complex Gamma Secretase (GS) which executes intramembrane proteolysis of integral proteins such Notch. We used two models of Endocrine Therapy Resistant MCF7 breast cancer cell lines which acquired EMT feature and showed higher levels of Nicastrin and Notch targets. Moreover, they displayed higher Notch4 levels but lower Notch1 and Notch2, indicating a possible switch of the Notch signalling when cells acquire resistance. We demonstrated that Gamma Secretase inhibitor PF03084014 and anti-Nicastrin MAbs were particularly effective in partially inhibiting the EMT process by blocking Nicastrin-Notch4 contribution to resistance. Importantly, we also demonstrated that the stem cells-like population was reduced upon these treatments. Both Nicastrin and Notch4 genetic silencing lead to similar effects. Finally, stably overexpressing Nicastrin, was sufficient to activate Notch4 in MCF7 and render them unresponsive to tamoxifen. Here we highlight our recent study.
ENHANCEMENT of VANET ROUTING by OPTIMIZE CENTRALITY WITH ANT COLONY APPROACH

- Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is an appearing new technology integrating ad hoc network and improve road traffic safety. The main challenges in VANET is searching, maintaining an effective route for transporting data information. Today some kind of routing protocols used in VANET Hence, an analysis on routing protocols based on number of parameters of VANET i.e. a required issue in communication. AODV routing protocol is also used in VANET. AODV protocol suffers worst performance when it is directly applied in VANET. In this paper, a metaheuristic (Shapely Value) approach is used to reduce the delay information, packet dropped and increasing the throughput.
Turn hydrophobic to superhydrophobic of composite insulators by surface fluorination

Superhydrophobic surface, inspired by lotus leaf, has aroused intensive interest in research and application on insulators and transmission lines. To improve the superhydrophobicity of composite insulators, they were subjected to surface fluorination in a laboratory vessel using F2/N2 mixture (20% F2 in vol. %) under 0.1Mpa for 30 min at 25, 40, and 55° C, respectively. A dual nano- and micro-scale hierarchical structure is observed on fluorinated composite insulators which was identified by field emission scanning electron microscope. Surface wettability and surface energy was evaluated by contact angle measurements and surface energy calculation. The fluorination was found to leading the composite insulators' surface with much enhanced superhydrophobicity. For example, the water contact angle elevated from 105 ° to values up to 162 ° after fluorination. The fluorination enables composite insulators removing certain amount of surface contaminants with a water droplet. In addition, the superhydrophobic surface shown good mechanical resistance by no obvious losing of superhydrophobicity after wearing test.
Immunogenicity of group A and group C meningococcal polysaccharides in human infants.

Ninety-two infants, 10 weeks to 21 months of age, received one to three sc injections of 12.5-100 Clg of polysaccharide from group A (39 infants) or group C (53 infants) Neisseria meningitidis. No local or systemic side effects were observed. There was no clear dose-response relationship over the range of antigen concentrations administered. Threeand seven-month-old infants produced geometric mean concentrations of antibody of 0.49-1.29 lg/ml of serum within four weeks of primary immunization with group A or group C polysaccharide. These infants also had significantly elevated concentrations of antibody at seven and 18 months of age as compared with nonimmunized infants. Eighteen-month-old infants produced geometric mean concentrations of antibody of 4.69 Ctg/ml and 3.11 Ctg/ml of serum within four weeks of primary immunization with group A or Group C polysaccharide, respectively. The antibody response to booster injections of the group C antigen did not differ from that induced by primary immunization. However, the difference between means of the antibody response of 18-month-old infants to primary and secondary injections of the group A antigen (4.69 tg/ml vs. 9.10 ig/ml) approached significance. Simultaneous administration of the group A and group C vaccines in separate syringes to sevenor 18month-old infants did not alter the antibody response to either antigen.
Factors influencing intelligibility of whisper in joint time-frequency domain based on real-valued Discrete Gabor transform

Intelligibility improvement of the enhancement algorithm proposed in our previous paper is evaluated in this paper. Joint time-frequency spectrum of the noisy whisper and clean whisper are computed based on real-valued Discrete Gabor transformation respectively. The Gaussian window is used as the kernel function which assures the best utilization of the information area for it possess the smallest product of effective duration. Different ranges of the estimated spectrum were evaluated also to test its impact on the intelligibility of enhanced whisper. Experiment results show that good intelligibility improvement is got by the proposed algorithm and the values of DGT coefficients less than 2c(m,n) is important for improving the intelligibility of whisper.
Naegleria fowleri Hemorrhagic Meningoencephalitis: Report of Two Fatalities in Children

Two cases of hemorrhagic meningoencephalitis secondary to Naegleria fowleri infection confirmed by postmortem analysis are described. The first patient is a 5-year-old boy who presented with a severe headache, neck stiffness, and lethargy. His neurologic examination was significant for somnolence and nuchal rigidity. Cerebrospinal fluid studies and structural neuroimaging were consistent with hemorrhagic meningoencephalitis. Another 5-year-old boy presented to a different institution 2 miles away in the same week with similar complaints. Both patients declined rapidly and expired within 48 hours of admission secondary to transtentorial herniation caused by the mass effect of inflammation, edema, and hemorrhage with displacement of the brain stem. Histopathologic and immunochemistry analysis of brain tissue revealed the presence of Naegleria trophozoites in both cases.
On "effective channel length" in 0.1-μm MOSFETs

The conventional, 1-D definition of "effective channel length" (L/sub eff/) is examined in light of the spatial dependence of channel sheet resistance in 0.1-/spl mu/m MOSFETs calculated from a 2-D device model. For short-channel devices, the sheet resistance deviates significantly from the uniform, long-channel behavior that L/sub eff/ in general is different from the "metallurgical channel length", L/sub met/. While geometrical (charge-sharing) effects tend to make L/sub eff/ slightly shorter than L/sub met/, lateral source-drain doping gradients, especially when coupled with retrograde channel doping, can make L/sub eff/ substantially longer than L/sub met/. The latter might help explain the apparent "excess" short channel effect often observed in 0.1-/spl mu/m CMOS devices. <<ETX>>