Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Scavenging throughout the life cycle of the jumping spider, Phidippus audax (Hentz) (Araneae: Salticidae)

Abstract Phidippus audax (Hentz 1845), a common North American jumping spider, is a visual predator that uses its highly developed eyesight to detect and forage actively for prey. We demonstrate that P. audax can survive throughout its life cycle as a scavenger. We separated 600 spiderlings into eight treatments examining all combinations of three different variables: live versus dead prey, substrate present versus substrate absent, and large versus small arenas. Over the course of the study, we recorded survival rates, instar durations, and carapace widths. Our results indicate that P. audax can survive solely on a diet of dead prey, but at significantly lower survival rates and with longer instar durations than spiders fed on live prey. Scavenging spiders, however, exhibited no significant difference in carapace widths when compared to predators. Choice tests conducted on adults indicate that spiders raised as either predators or scavengers exhibit no significant differences in prey choice when given the option of live or dead prey.
Case Study of Concrete Surface Design and Construction Method for Freeform Building Based on BIM -Focused on Tri-Bowl, Korea-

While it is generally possible to install curved panels manufactured in a factory within the permitted error range on an irregular surface frame of concrete or steel, it is difficult and expensive. Freeform architecture is thus designed and constructed differently from formal buildings. In order to more easily and inexpensively actualize freeform architecture, Building Information Modeling (hereinafter referred to as BIM) has recently been applied in the construction industry. However, the related research and case analyses are not sufficient to identify the implications and contributions of freeform buildings in future similar projects. Therefore, this research will study design and construction methods for freeform surfaces, particular the concrete surface frame of freeform buildings based on BIM, focused on the Tri-Bowl project. This study attempts to analyze the pros and cons of each method for the concrete surface frame of the Tri-Bowl, and then presents the lessons learned and implications related to the design and construction process of the freeform architecture. Several implications for design and construction of concrete surface frame of the freeform building, the Tri-Bowl, are found. The first is that manufacturing and installation of a curved concrete frame is precisely performed based on the exact numerical values of materials and installation made using BIM 3D technologies, such as CATIA and Rhino. The second is that close and continuous collaboration among the different participants in the construction of the Tri-Bowl allowed them to cope with virtual conditions. The third is that design and construction processes have changed, and high quality of the surface frame of a freeform building is required.
PLANT FUNCTIONAL TRAITS IN RELATION TO FIRE IN CROWN-FIRE ECOSYSTEMS

Disturbance is a dominant factor in many ecosystems, and the disturbance regime is likely to change over the next decades in response to land-use changes and global warming. We assume that predictions of vegetation dynamics can be made on the basis of a set of life-history traits that characterize the response of a species to disturbance. For crown-fire ecosystems, the main plant traits related to postfire persistence are the ability to resprout (persistence of individuals) and the ability to retain a persistent seed bank (persistence of populations). In this context, we asked (1) to what extent do different life- history traits co-occur with the ability to resprout and/or the ability to retain a persistent seed bank among differing ecosystems and (2) to what extent do combinations of fire- related traits (fire syndromes) change in a fire regime gradient? We explored these questions by reviewing the literature and analyzing databases compiled from different crown-fire ecosystems (mainly eastern Australia, California, and the Mediterranean basin). The review suggests that the pattern of correlation between the two basic postfire persistent traits and other plant traits varies between continents and ecosystems. From these results we predict, for instance, that not all resprouters respond in a similar way everywhere because the associated plant traits of resprouter species vary in different places. Thus, attempts to generalize predictions on the basis of the resprouting capacity may have limited power at a global scale. An example is presented for Australian heathlands. Considering the com- bination of persistence at individual (resprouting) and at population (seed bank) level, the predictive power at local scale was significantly increased.
The behavior of Turkish consumer loan rates, deposit rates and consumer loan premium in post-2001 currency crisis

Asymmetries in the Turkish consumer loan-deposit rate spread (consumer loan premium) were documented. Empirical results revealed that the consumer loan premium adjusts to the threshold more slowly when the deposit rates fall relative to the lending rates than when the deposit rates move in the opposite direction. This predatory rate setting behavior is consistent within the observed lending institutions, operating in an opaque, highly concentrated market over the post Turkish currency crisis of the 2000s era. Empirical results also revealed no Granger causality between the consumer loan rate and the deposit rate, indicating that the consumer loan rate is independent of the 1-month deposit rate. Moreover, this finding suggests that the Turkish countercyclical monetary policy does not matter in the short run.
Arctic Oscillation or North Atlantic Oscillation

The definition and interpretation of the Arctic oscillation (AO) are examined and compared with those of the North Atlantic oscillation (NAO). It is shown that the NAO reflects the correlations between the surface pressure variability at its centers of action, whereas this is not the case for the AO. The NAO pattern can be identified in a physically consistent way in principal component analysis applied to various fields in the Euro-Atlantic region. A similar identification is found in the Pacific region for the Pacific‐North American (PNA) pattern, but no such identification is found here for the AO. The AO does reflect the tendency for the zonal winds at 358 and 558N to anticorrelate in both the Atlantic and Pacific regions associated with the NAO and PNA. Because climatological features in the two ocean basins are at different latitudes, the zonally symmetric nature of the AO does not mean that it represents a simple modulation of the circumpolar flow. An increase in the AO or NAO implies strong, separated tropospheric jets in the Atlantic but a weakened Pacific jet. The PNA has strong related variability in the Pacific jet exit, but elsewhere the zonal wind is similar to that related to the NAO. The NAO-related zonal winds link strongly through to the stratosphere in the Atlantic sector. The PNA-related winds do so in the Pacific, but to a lesser extent. The results suggest that the NAO paradigm may be more physically relevant and robust for Northern Hemisphere variability than is the AO paradigm. However, this does not disqualify many of the physical mechanisms associated with annular modes for explaining the existence of the NAO.
Audit pricing in Nigerian banking industry: A panel analysis (2008-2012)

This paper examined the determinants of audit pricing in Nigerian commercial banking industry. Panel data analysis had been carried out to find out the determinants of audit fees with variables such as banks' complexity, risk and operating performances as the explanatory variables and audit fees as the explained variable. Fourteen (14) commercial banks were selected out of twenty-two which made up the population. Data were sourced from the annual reports and accounts of the selected banks for the year 2008 to year 2012 period. The Fixed effect firm model estimations revealed that there is a positive association of complexity, risk, but negative association between operating performances and audit fees.It was concluded that there is high influenced and significant relationship between the audit fees and the explanatory variables in the study.
Precise and feasible measurements of lateral calcaneal lengthening osteotomies by radiostereometric analysis in cadaver feet

Objectives Lengthening osteotomies of the calcaneus in children are in general grafted with bone from the iliac crest. Artificial bone grafts have been introduced, however, their structural and clinical durability has not been documented. Radiostereometric analysis (RSA) is a very accurate and precise method for measurements of rigid body movements including the evaluation of joint implant and fracture stability, however, RSA has not previously been used in clinical studies of calcaneal osteotomies. We assessed the precision of RSA as a measurement tool in a lateral calcaneal lengthening osteotomy (LCLO). Methods LCLO was performed in six fixed adult cadaver feet. Tantalum markers were inserted on each side of the osteotomy and in the cuboideum. Lengthening was done with a plexiglas wedge. A total of 24 radiological double examinations were obtained. Two feet were excluded due to loose and poorly dispersed markers. Precision was assessed as systematic bias and 95% repeatability limits. Results Systematic bias was generally below 0.10 mm for translations. Precision of migration measurements was below 0.2 mm for translations in the osteotomy. Conclusion RSA is a precise tool for the evaluation of stability in LCLO. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2015;4:78–83.
Models of Human Everyday Manipulation Activities

The human selection of specific postures to achieve a task among the infinity of possibilities, is the result of a long and complex process of learning. Through learning, humans seem to come to discover the properties of their bodies and the best posture to use when performing a task. This work is meanly focus on how to obtain models which describe the arm movement in common task such as the reaching movement. In other words, we are interested in extracting stereotypical motion patterns out of human motion observation data. The models obtained from these observation can be used to populate the knowledge base of a mobile robot in order to improve the predictive capabilities of the robot and to enable the robot to follow these stereotypical motion patterns. In general, we can observe that tasks that are executed repeatedly by a human lead to movements that are highly optimized over time, and this leads to the stereotypical and preplanned motion patterns. Is this because humans look for a minimization of the muscular effort? The answer to this question is one of the main purposes of our research.
Anharmonic Properties of Alkali Halides and Cyanides

Anharmonic properties of 16 alkali halides and 4 alkali cyanides are investigated using long-range Coulomb and short-range Born—Mayer potentials starting from the nearest-neighbour distance and repulsive parameter. This study includes the prediction of second, third and fourth order elastic constants, the pressure derivatives of second and third order elastic constants and partial contractions at elevated temperatures. The results obtained in present investigations are in reasonable agreement compared with experimental studies. PACS numbers: 62.20. Dc, 81.40. Jj
The assessment of spatial features and kinematics of characters: an analysis of subjective and objective measures

Handwriting is a complex daily activity that involves attention, memory, linguistic, cognitive and perceptual-motor skills. As motor act, writing a letter requires to retrieve the letter storing in memory, to access the corresponding motor program (letter global shape, relative size of letter strokes), to set the parameters for the program (absolute size of letters and writing speed) and to execute the program (muscles recruitment) (Ellis, 1988; Van Galen, 1991). The letter to be traced and the corresponding graphic motion are intimately related in handwriting activity. Because both reading and writing are learned simultaneously in school, it may be assumed that letters are both coded visually and under a sensorimotor form (Hulme, 1981). From this point of view, the most notable example is probably Chinese or Japanese ideograms, which are composed of a number of strokes that must be written in a precise order when learning to read and write. The metaphor “grammar of action” was proposed by Goodnow & Levine (1973) to define stroke composition rules. Subsequently, this order is used as a cue to retrieve the ideograms from memory (Flores d’Arcais, 1994), suggesting that the motor schema specific to each ideogram may be an essential component of their representation. Many others arguments in favour of the tight coupling between the visual and sensorimotor representations of letter shapes can be advanced. First, Anderson et al., (1990) describe the case of a patient whose inability to write letters can be associated with deficits in the visual identification of letters. By contrast, she could easily read all numbers and nonverbal symbols, and she was equally able to write numbers and perform written calculations without difficulty. In a same way, writing movements can help alexic patients whose reading abilities are impaired. When they were asked to trace the outline of the letters with their fingers, they sometimes succeeded in recognizing letters they were not able to recognize only visually (Bartolomeo et al., 2002; Seki et al., 1995). To go further on, some researchers investigated the question of the presence of a global cerebral network including visual and sensorimotor components and mediating a multimodal representation of letters. Longcamp and colleagues (2003) showed activations of a part of the left premotor area during passive observation of isolated letters although no motor response was required. The same zone was also activated when the 6
The Arabic Origins of "Love and Sexual Terms" in English and European Languages: A Lexical Root Theory Approach

This paper investigates the Arabic cognates or origins of love and sexual words in English, German, French, Latin, and Greek from a lexical root theory perspective. The data consists of 239 terms like love, hope, abhor, hate, cupid, woo, whore, slut, fuck, erotic, intercourse, sex, copulate, impregnate, fornicate, marry, wed, seduce, beautiful, and so on. The results demonstrate that all such words have true Arabic cognates, having the same or similar forms and meanings. Their different forms, however, are all shown to be the result of natural and plausible causes and courses of linguistic change in such languages. For example, English, French, Greek and Latin erotic (Eros) comes from Arabic 'arr 'intercourse, making love'; English, French, and Latin abhor obtains from Arabic kariha/'akrah, kurh (n) 'hate' via /k & h/-merger; English and German love/lieben derives from Arabic labba ('alabba) 'to love, live/stay', turning /b/ into /v/; English hope (hobby) and German hoffen is from Arabic 2ubb 'love, hope', turning /2/ into /h/ and /b/ into /f/ in the latter. Consequently, the results indicate, contrary to Comparative Method claims, that Arabic, English and all (Indo-)European languages belong to the same language, let alone the same family. They, therefore, prove the adequacy of the lexical root theory according to which Arabic, English, German, French, Latin, and Greek are dialects of the same language with the first being the origin because of its phonetic complexity, huge lexical variety and multiplicity with over 100 'sex' terms.
Preliminary molecular characterization of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) accessions by DNA Amplification Fingerprinting (DAF).

Genetic characterisation of germplasm accessions is very important for gene bank managers, since it allows more efficient sampling of the available resources, improved identification of the genetic variation for breeders and also a better management of the available gene pool. Here we describe our findings by application of DAF (DNA Amplification Fingerprinting) methodology to discriminate cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) germplasm accessions. A total of 30 genotypes have been analysed, including 28 accessions of cowpea, one accession of V. angularis and one accession of V. umbellata from genebanks in Brazil (27 accessions), Germany (two accessions) and USA (one accession). Nine random (10-mers) primers were used, with an average of 7.8 bands and 5.2 polymorphisms per primer. The resulting data-matrix included 69 analysed bands with a total of 1342 characters. The dendrogram generated by the UPGMA analysis was able to distinguish cowpea from the remaining species and also to evidence diversity at the intraspecific level.
Investigation of Stigma Phenomenon in Cancer: A Grounded Theory Study

Background: Adjustment to cancer as a stressful event is affected by bio-psycho-social factors. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate stigma phenomenon, the process of formation, and its impact on cancer patients and their families. Methods: This research was conducted based on the grounded theory study. Semi-structured interview was used with 12 cancer patients (7 women and 5 men), one of the immediate family members (spouse, parent or sibling) and 8 oncology staff members. Participants were selected in a purposeful non-probability sampling method and data analysis was performed in three steps: open coding, axial coding and selective coding. Results: Four conceptual categories with sub-categories were emerged through three-step analysis of the grounded theory study: social stigma, self-stigma, coping strategies and acceptance as a main concept. Results showed gradual process of stigma formation to cancer and its different dimensions. Conclusions: Comprehensive assessment of stigma through various information sources may provide a deep understanding of this phenomenon in social context. The results of this study may lead to development of effective therapeutic protocols for promotion of community awareness, and improvement of mental health levels in patients and their families by eliminating all dimensions of this phenomenon in the context of society.
Assessing the effect of nutrition on milk composition of dairy cows: A review

The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of nutrition on the milk composition of dairy cows used in the commercial pasture and supplement based dairy enterprises. Most dairy farmers tend to give more attention to the overall milk yield in their dairy cows and pay less attention to the overall milk components of a their dairy herd. However, consumers and dairy product producing companies that buy milk from dairy farms are more interested in milk components than milk yield. Hence, milk of dairy farmers known to produce milk that has high percentage of components such as fat and protein tend to be more profitable in markets than milk with low percentage of these components. Milk quality problems of the overall dairy herd of a farm are more likely affected by nutrition which is in turn affects milk composition. Therefore, poor knowledge of the relationship between dairy cow nutrition and milk components results in production of low quality milk with low milk.
2 Cell Envelope Composition in the Genus Rhodococcus : Covalently Associated Components

The cell envelopes of rhodococci and their closest relatives are dominated by the presence of large branched chain fatty acids, the mycolic acids. Here we review the structural features underlying the incorporation of the mycolic acids into the rhodococcal cell envelope, notably their covalent anchoring to the peptidoglycan–arabinogalactan complex and their organisation into an outer lipid permeability barrier. Rhodococcal cell envelopes also accommodate diverse non-covalently associated components such as channel-forming porin proteins, free lipids, I.C. Sutcliffe (*), A.K. Brown, and L.G. Dover Biomolecular and Biomedical Research Centre, School of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK e-mail: iain.sutcliffe@northumbria.ac. uk; alistair.brown@northumbria.ac. uk; lynn.dover@northumbria.ac. uk H.M. Alvarez (ed.), Biology of Rhodococcus, Microbiology Monographs 16, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-12937-7_2, # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 29 lipoglycans, lipoproteins and capsules or cell envelope polysaccharides. Based on the extensive studies of cell envelope biogenesis in corynebacteria and mycobacteria, we have used a comparative genomics approach to examine the pathways for the biosynthesis of the major cell envelope components of Rhodococcus jostii RHA1.
POVERTY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH WITH APPLICATION TO CÔTE D'IVOIRE

This paper explores the relation between economic growth and poverty, and develops the methodology to measure separately the impact of changes in average inccome and income inequality on poverty. This decomposition provides a link between macro economic adjustment policies and poverty which is discussed in the context of the adjustment experience of Cote d'Ivoire. The issue of targeting a poverty alleviation budget is shown to be related to the poverty decomposition proposed in the paper. The methodology proposed is applied to the data taken from the 1985 Living Standards Survey in Cote d'Ivoire.
An Improved Data Fusion Method IICKPAD for Privacy Protection in Wireless Sensor Networks

Aiming at the privacy and security of data acquisition and monitoring in wireless sensor networks, an improved data fusion method, IICKPDA, is proposed for privacy protection in wireless sensor networks. The method is based on the ICKPDA algorithm, which optimizes the deadline between the same layer and the different layers，which can be randomly selected by the adjacent nodes of the data fragments to be transmitted, and also the non-leaf nodes which only the data is not collected to improve the characteristics of the data. The improved algorithm avoids the redundancy of the intermediate fusion process and protects the collected monitoring data, which improves the data fusion precision and the fusion efficiency of the intermediate fusion node. Theory and related experiments demonstrate the feasibility of the method.
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS FORMING COMPETITIVE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT IN CROSS-BORDER REGION

Research problem: For Latvia – Lithuania borderland is characteristic continued low competitiveness. One of ways for increasing competitiveness is improving business growth instruments. The aim of research is identification and evaluation of strength and weaknesses of competitiveness of business environment in Kurzeme region by researching factors forming competitiveness and query opinion of entrepreneurs. It is developed appropriate methodology for comparison of borderland regions. Research distinguished four groups of parameters: 1.Factors of local business environment. 2.Factors of demand. 3.Factors of companies` competitiveness. 4.Factors of external environment, influencing business growth. Practical research consists of internet survey (150 entrepreneurs). The obtained outcome is expressed in figures. Research methodology: analysis of documents, statistical data, questionnaire, and factors. Conclusions: research identified the character of Kurzeme region, it business environment. Research elucidated viewpoint of entrepreneurs, their reasons of exploiting business support instruments. Research evaluated strength and weaknesses of business environment competitiveness. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5755/j01.em. 17.4. 2993