Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
On the possibility of large axion moduli spaces

We study the diameters of axion moduli spaces, focusing primarily on type IIB compactifications on Calabi-Yau three-folds. In this case, we derive a stringent bound on the diameter in the large volume region of parameter space for Calabi-Yaus with simplicial Kähler cone. This bound can be violated by Calabi-Yaus with non-simplicial Kähler cones, but additional contributions are introduced to the effective action which can restrict the field range accessible to the axions. We perform a statistical analysis of simulated moduli spaces, finding in all cases that these additional contributions restrict the diameter so that these moduli spaces are no more likely to yield successful inflation than those with simplicial Kähler cone or with far fewer axions. Further heuristic arguments for axions in other corners of the duality web suggest that the difficulty observed in [1] of finding an axion decay constant parametrically larger than Mp applies not only to individual axions, but to the diagonals of axion moduli space as well. This observation is shown to follow from the weak gravity conjecture of [2], so it likely applies not only to axions in string theory, but also to axions in any consistent theory of quantum gravity.
Role of fetoplacental exosomes in fetoplacental endothelial dysfunction in gestational diabetes mellitus

Zwangerschapsdiabetes mellitus is een pathologie van de zwangerschap die wordt gekarakteriseerd door fetoplacentair endothele dysfunctie. Zwangerschapsdiabetes wordt ook geassocieerd met fetoplacentair endothele dysfunctie, gekarakteriseerd door een verhoogde activatie van de L-arginine / NO- route en endotheel cel activatie. De mechanismen die endothele cel dysfunctie induceren zijn onbekend, maar exosomen kunnen een rol spelen. Dit proefschrift laat zien dat hoog D-glucose (HG) blootstelling en ook exosomen afkomstig van HUVECs die zijn blootgesteld aan HG een zwangerschapsdiabetes-geinduceerde endothele dysfunctie en activatie kunnen nabootsen in HUVECS. Deze data suggereert dat hyperglycemie de productie van exosomen induceert in het foetale placentaal vasculatuur en dat deze exosomen op hun beurt endothele cel dysfunctie en activatie induceren. Deze hypothese was getest door het gebruik van HUVECs van zwangerschapsdiabetes: exosomen die afkomstig zijn van HUVECs van zwangerschapsdiabetes verhogen de activiteit en expressie van eNOS en hCAT-1 en verhogen de transport van L-arginine signalering routes en dit leidt dus tot verhoogde endothele cel dysfunctie. Daarnaast herstellen de exosomen die afkomstig zijn van HUVECs van gezonde zwangerschappen enkele veranderingen die geassocieerd zijn met endothele dysfunctie in HUVECs van zwangerschapsdiabetes. We stellen voor dat fetoplacentair endothele exosomen een rol spelen in het induceren van feto- placentaire endothele dysfunctie in zwangerschapsdiabetes. We stellen ook voor dat monocyten exosomen ook een belangrijke rol kunnen spelen, aangezien we hebben aangetoond dat monocyten exosomen (geinduceerd door hoge glucose) endotheel cellen activeren.
Reproductive genetics Variable expression of the Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 ( FMR 1 ) gene in patients with premature ovarian failure syndrome is not dependent on number of ( CGG ) n triplets in exon 1

Variable expression of the Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 (FMR1) gene in patients with premature ovarian failure syndrome is not dependent on number of (CGG)n triplets in exon 1 J. Schuettler1,3,†, Z. Peng1,†, J. Zimmer1, P. Sinn2, C. von Hagens1, T. Strowitzki1, and P.H. Vogt1,* Department of Gynecology Endocrinology, University Women Hospital, Voßstrasse 9, D-69115 Heidelberg, Germany Section Gynecology Pathology, University Women Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany Present address: Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
Edinburgh Explorer A simple and rapid method for calculating identity-by-descent matrices using multiple markers

– A fast, partly recursive deterministic method for calculating Identity-by-Descent (IBD) probabilities was developed with the objective of using IBD in Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) mapping. The method combined a recursive method for a single marker locus with a method to estimate IBD between sibs using multiple markers. Simulated data was used to compare the deterministic method developed in the present paper with a stochastic method (LOKI) for precision in estimating IBD probabilities and performance in the task of QTL detection with the variance component approach. This comparison was made in a variety of situationsby varyingfamilysize and degree ofpolymorphismamong markerloci. The following were observed for the deterministic method relative to MCMC: (i) it was an order of magnitude faster; (ii) its estimates of IBD probabilities were found to agree closely, even though it does not extract information when haplotypes are not known with certainty; (iii) the shape of the proﬁle for the QTL test statistic as a function of location was similar, although the magnitude of the test statistic was slightly smaller; and (iv) the estimates of QTL variance was similar. It was concluded that the method proposed provided a rapid means of calculating the IBD matrix with only a small loss in precision, making it an attractive alternative to the use of stochastic MCMC methods. Furthermore, developments in marker technology providing denser maps would enhance the relative advantage of this method.
Physical and chemical characteristics of aerosol particles and cloud-droplet activation during the Second Pallas Cloud Experiment (Second PaCE)

The Second Pallas Cloud Experiment (Second PaCE) was conducted at the Pallas-Sodankylä Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) station in northern Finland from 16 September to 6 October 2005. Measured parameters included aerosol number size distribution, aerosol chemical composition, aerosol hygroscopic growth factor, cloud droplet number size distribution and meteorological parameters. Air mass back trajectories were also calculated. The particulate volume and the inorganic fraction (IO) of particulate mass depended strongly on the air-mass history: central European air masses contain much more particulate matter and have higher IO than marine air masses. The hygroscopic growth factor of particles was positively correlated with the IO. Aerosol activation into cloud droplets was studied for accumulation mode particles ( d p > 100 nm). The activation of these particles did not show clear dependency on the number concentration of accumulation mode particles or on IO. These two parameters were positively correlated and their effects on the
Intelligence and rational behaviour in the bottlenosed dolphin.

A rational animal is defined as one that can perceive and represent how its world is structured and functions, and can make logical inferences and draw conclusions that enable it to function effectively and productively in that world. Further, a rational animal is able to incorporate new evidence into new perspectives of the world and can then modify its behaviours appropriately—in effect creating a new or revised model of the world in which it is immersed. Rational behaviour is necessarily built on the bedrock of general and specific intellectual capacity. Intelligence, a multidimensional trait, may appear to various degrees in various behavioural, cognitive, or social domains. Data and observations are presented on dolphin cognitive performance and on apparent rational responses within four intellectual domains within the context of a variety of empirical studies that we have conducted. These domains are: (a) the declarative (semantic or representational) domain (does the dolphin display knowledge or understanding about things? ); (b) the procedural domain (does the dolphin exhibit competency in means, operations, or methods? ); (c) the social domain (does the dolphin reveal social awareness and appropriate responsiveness in social interactions or relations? ); and (d) the domain of the self (does the dolphin exhibit knowledge or awareness of itself? ). In each case, the particular experimental paradigms are briefly outlined and instances of apparent inferential or creative acts within each paradigm are given.
Impact of black raspberries on the normal and malignant Apc deficient murine gut microbiome

BACKGROUND: In animals and humans black raspberries (BRBs) have chemo-preventative effects against Wnt driven colorectal cancer (CRC). While BRBs have made it into clinical trials, the exact mechanisms of BRB action remain unclear. Potentially the chemo-preventative properties are linked to their impact on the gut microbiome, as diet is known to influence the microbial diversity of the gut and plays a key role in regulating intestinal homeostasis and the aetiology of CRC. OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of a BRB diet on themicrobial biodiversityof thewild-type and malignant mouse intestine. METHODS: Adult mice in which Wnt driven tumourigenesis could be initiated by conditional deletion of Apc in the intestinal stem cell (Lgr5CreERT2) were administered a 10% BRB diet. Total DNA from faecal pellets pre- and post-BRB exposure was used for longitudinal metataxonomic analysis of the V1 to V3 regions of the 16S rRNA gene. RESULTS: Individually BRB intervention and Apc loss alter the microbial community of the gut. In combination, the microbiome changes observed in the Apc deficient intestine are attenuated upon administration of a BRB diet. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that BRB intervention may protectively regulate the gut microbiota in the healthy and malignant intestine.
Automatic Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease Using Neural Network Language Models

In today’s aging society, the number of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) increases. Reliable tools for automatic early screening as well as monitoring of AD patients are necessary. For that, semantic deficits have been shown to be useful indicators. We present a way to significantly improve the method introduced by Wankerl et al. [1]. The purely statistical approach of n-gram language models (LMs) is enhanced by using the rwthlm toolkit to create neural network language models (NNLMs) with Long Short Term-Memory (LSTM) cells. The prediction is solely based on evaluating the perplexity of transliterations of descriptions of the Cookie Theft picture from DementiaBank’s Pitt Corpus. Each transliteration is evaluated on LMs of both control and Alzheimer speakers in a leave-one-speaker-out cross-validation scheme. The resulting perplexity values reveal enough discrepancy to classify patients on just those two values with an accuracy of 85.6% at equal-error-rate.
Antipredator calls of tufted titmice and interspecific transfer of encoded threat information

Birds in family Paridae (titmice and chickadees) produce complex and distinct alarm vocalizations in response to predator encounters. In 2 controlled aviary experiments, we tested for information transfer between 2 different species of parids. We first recorded the vocal and nonvocal alarm displays of captive tufted titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor) flocks responding to presentations of live predators and controls (no animal and quail). Second, we broadcast the recorded titmouse vocalizations to captive Carolina chickadees (Poecile carolinensis) and recorded their vocal and nonvocal responses. By evaluating the situational specificity of responses by, both, titmice (production specificity, H1) and chickadees (response specificity, H2) to their respective treatments, we could test for information transfer (H3) from titmice to chickadees. Analyses revealed that information content encoded in titmouse calls completely distinguished the different predation threats presented to them (confirming H1). Similarly, chickadee responses clearly distinguished the different predator threats encoded in titmouse calls they heard (confirming H2). Responses of the 2 species were, both, parallel and threat appropriate, confirming that heterospecific information transfer occurred (from titmice to chickadees; H3). Evidence abounds that parids convey important facilitative benefits to other species within Holarctic forest bird communities. We propose that information sharing about predation threats may underlie these benefits for species that participate in communication networks with parids and suggest titmice function as community informants.
Value iteration for average cost Markov decision processes inBorel spaces

This paper deals with the value iteration algorithm (VIA) for average cost Markov decision processes in Borel state and action spaces. The costs may have neither upper nor lower bounds, instead of the case of nonnegative (or bounded below) costs widely used in the previous literature. We propose aset of conditions which is weaker than those in the previous literature. Under these conditions, we first establish the average cost optimality equation. Then under an additional condition, we show that the VIA yields the optimal (minimum) average cost, anaverage optimal stationary policy, and a solution to the average cost optimality equation. Finally, we use an example to illustrate our conditions.
Intelligence-based Routing for Smarter and Enhanced Opportunistic Network Operations

Opportunistic networking architecture supports mobile cloud computing technology for provisioning huge dynamic resource demands by the ever-growing and continually-evolved Internet. Opportunistic networks are highly dynamic networking environments where there are no static routes and known infrastructure for having consistent end-to-end communication. Additionally, great challenges exist in establishing efficient routes due to mobility features of communicating nodes. Many routing schemes have been proposed in order to optimize quality of service (QoS) of such networks. In this paper, we present intelligence-based routing approach for opportunistic networks via developing application-level reasoning models for learning patterns of data traffic and extracting data semantics. Those semantics, continuously updated, are multi-operation-domain-related highly-abstracted information which aid routing nodes in knowing/expecting locations of more reliable and possible next hop nodes. Hidden Markov models and Fuzzy logic are adopted for designing semantics reasoning models and they are implemented over a set of routing nodes in a simulation scenario. Evaluation results show that integrating our proposed intelligence approach with two existing routing protocols leads to higher data delivery and minimized communication overhead ratio with good level of latency compared with protocols operation without intelligence. KeywordsOpportunistic Networks; Semantic-driven Operation; Routing Protocol; Context Awareness; Network Semantic, Information Management.
Title Permittivity of oxidized ultra-thin silicon films from atomisticsimulations

We establish the dependence of the permittivity of oxidized ultra-thin silicon films on the film thickness by means of atomistic simulations within the density-functionalbased tight-binding (DFTB) theory. This is of utmost importance for modeling ultra-thin and extremely thin silicon-on-insulator MOSFETs, and for evaluating their scaling potential. We demonstrate that electronic contribution to the dielectric response naturally emerges from the DFTB Hamiltonian when coupled to Poisson equation solved in vacuum, without phenomenological parameters, and obtain good agreement with the available experimental data. Comparison with calculations of H-passivated Si films reveals much weaker dependence of permittivity on film thickness for the SiO2-passivated Si, with less than 18% reduction in the case of 0.9-nm silicon-on-insulator.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COMPUTABILITY-THEORETIC PROPERTIES OF PROBLEMS

Abstract A problem is a multivalued function from a set of instances to a set of solutions. We consider only instances and solutions coded by sets of integers. A problem admits preservation of some computability-theoretic weakness property if every computable instance of the problem admits a solution relative to which the property holds. For example, cone avoidance is the ability, given a noncomputable set A and a computable instance of a problem ${\mathsf {P}}$ , to find a solution relative to which A is still noncomputable. In this article, we compare relativized versions of computability-theoretic notions of preservation which have been studied in reverse mathematics, and prove that the ones which were not already separated by natural statements in the literature actually coincide. In particular, we prove that it is equivalent to admit avoidance of one cone, of $\omega $ cones, of one hyperimmunity or of one non- $\Sigma ^{0}_1$ definition. We also prove that the hierarchies of preservation of hyperimmunity and non- $\Sigma ^{0}_1$ definitions coincide. On the other hand, none of these notions coincide in a nonrelativized setting.
A Biased, Misleading Review on Early Angiosperms

A recently published review by Herendeen et al. is misleading, self-centered, self-praising, and self-conflicting. They excluded the famous early angiosperm Archaefructus from their list of exemplar angiosperms, which contained only fossil plants they published themselves, leaving the impression that they were only authoritative on the origin and early history of angiosperms. Their 57-year-old “No Angiosperms Until the Cretaceous” conception does not reflect the truth about the origin and early history of angiosperms. Reinforcing such vapidly repeated statement does not help resolving any problem in science but leads to no solution for the origin of angiosperms. The authors tried to establish a criterion identifying a fossil angiosperm but their own exemplar angiosperm Monetianthus overturns their own criterion. Apparently, such a review does not positively contribute much to science.
14.382 Spring 2017 Lecture 12: Treatment Effects

Here we have two latent variables Y1 and Y0, which are the counterfactual outcomes for an observational unit when the unit is subjected to treatment and no treatment, in an idealized experiment [17, 10]. In economic context, the treatment can be a training program or a policy intervention. These quantities are “counterfactual”, because they can’t be simultaneously observed, unless we have replicas of the observational units that are simultaneously subjected to di erent treatments.
Sedimentation of a rigid helix in viscous media

We consider sedimentation of a rigid helical filament in a viscous fluid under gravity. In the Stokes limit, the drag forces and torques on the filament are approximated within the resistive-force theory. We develop an analytic approximation to the exact equations of motion that works well in the limit of a sufficiently large number of turns in the helix (larger than two, typically). For a wide range of initial conditions, our approximation predicts that the centre of the helix itself follows a helical path with the symmetry axis of the trajectory being parallel to the direction of gravity. The radius and the pitch of the trajectory scale as non-trivial powers of the number of turns in the original helix. For the initial conditions corresponding to an almost horizontal orientation of the helix, we predict trajectories that are either attracted towards the horizontal orientation, in which case the helix sediments in a straight line along the direction of gravity, or trajectories that form a helical-like path with many temporal frequencies involved. Our results provide new insight into the sedimentation of chiral objects and might be used to develop new techniques for their spatial separation.
Equitable Sequencing and Allocation Under Uncertainty

The paper uses Thue-Morse sequence and knapsack problem to formally relate several problems of negotiations, fair division and tournament sequencing. All of the considered problems are shown to be reduced versions of partitioning problem, i.e. equally dividing items into two sets. An argument is made that it is often beneficial to set the partitioning problem as stochastic with item values drawn from a distribution, especially but not limited to the case of intangible items like skill level. Balanced alternation according to Thue-Morse sequence proves to be the better mechanic in this case for all sample sizes for common distributions. This is not true for all distributions and for settings with k > 2 agents. A further improvement upon this mechanic is greedy approximation over the underlying subset-sum problem.
A 97 , 052106 ( 2018 ) Symmetry-protected coherent relaxation of open quantum systems

Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva. nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible.
Professional accountancy education in selected ECSAFA countries: a comparative study

Investigations into professional accountancy education gathered impetus with the publication of The impact of globalisation on accountancy education by Karreman in 2002. This publication provided a comparative analysis of professional accountancy education in 25 countries worldwide, using a model developed for the classification of accountancy education systems. The rationale behind such an exercise is to promote educational exchange and facilitate educational development. The Karreman study only covered two countries in Africa, namely South Africa and Kenya. This study expands the Karreman study by comparing and benchmarking the professional accountancy education programmes in six member countries of the Eastern, Central and Southern African Federation of Accountants (ECSAFA) using the Karreman methodology. This study reports the results of a questionnaire survey to which seven accountancy bodies located in six countries responded. The results of this study revealed mostly agreement with the Karreman model. All the countries could be categorised as developing countries with common law/Roman‐Dutch legal systems and with a strong British influence. Thus similarities in regulation, education and practical experience are expected. The professional bodies tend towards professional selfregulation with low to medium membership regulation. All countries require practical experience before qualifying, and a theoretical approach to the final examination predominates. The study also shows that there is co‐operation in the region.
Relationship between the southern annular mode and southern hemisphere atmospheric systems

Seasonal relationship between the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and the spatial distribution of the cyclone systems over Southern Hemisphere is investigated for the period 1980 to 1999. In addition, seasonal frontogenesis and rainfall distribution over South America and South Atlantic Ocean during different SAM phases were also analyzed. It is observed that during negative SAM phases the cyclone trajectories move northward when compared to the positive one, and in the South America and South Atlantic sector there is intense frontogenetic activity and positive anomaly precipitation over the Southeast of the South America. In general, SAM positive phase shows opposite signals.