Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bioavailability and mobility of heavy metals in soil in vicinity of a coal mine from Huaibei, China

ABSTRACT This study investigated the concentrations of Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in surface soil and corn cob samples collected from agricultural fields near a coal mine from Huaibei, China. Meanwhile, the mobility and availability of heavy metals in soil samples were evaluated by a modified three-step The European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction procedure. The total concentrations of metals in soil pose no ecological threats to the local plants. Transfer factors of essential metals, Cu and Zn, as well as those of non-essential metal Pb, were higher than those of the remained metals. The results of BCR fractionation analysis revealed that the acid soluble, reducible and oxidizable fractions of the Mn, Pb and Zn were higher than those of the residual fraction, suggesting that these elements may be more bioavailable. The pH and organic matter contents of soil were significant parameters affecting speciation of metals in soil samples. Hierarchical cluster analysis indicated significant correlations between metal levels in corn grains and more available (acid soluble and reducible) fractions in soil, indicating that heavy metals in the first two fractions were more available for corn crops. The elevated mobility and bioavailability of Pb in soil are of great concern in the study area.
Effects of stress activated protein kinases on the expression of EST3 gene that encodes telomerase subunit in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract The EST3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes one of the essential subunits of telomerase enzyme. Expression of the EST3 gene is regulated at the translation level by +1 programmed ribosomal frameshift (PRF). It is known that physiological stress affects telomere length. In this study, we have investigated the effects of different types of stresses and stress activated protein kinases on the frameshift rate in EST3 gene. PRF rate of EST3 gene was measured as 13% in the normal growth conditions in the wild type cells. But, the PRF rate of EST3 in the wild type strain grown in glucose limited conditions decreased more than 6-fold. Contrary to glucose limitation, osmotic stress increased frameshift rate from 13% to 25%. Amino acid starvation and boron stress also activate PRF rate by 2-fold in EST3 in a Gcn2 dependent manner. When the PRF rate was analysed in gcn2 and snf1 mutants, frame shift rate of EST3 was approximately 6% in normal growth conditions. It seems that the basal level expression of EST3 is highly dependent on the Gcn2 kinase complex, indicating that Gcn2 might have a significant function in connecting the stress signals to biosynthesis of the full-length Est3 peptide. This regulation might connect the biosynthesis of functional telomerase and telomere replications to cell physiology through stress activated protein kinases.
Wnt/ß-Catenin Pathway In Cranial Bone Progenitor Specification

By LAWRENCE HENRY GOODNOUGH The skull is comprised of flat bones that protect the brain and are separated by fibrous suture joints, which accommodate brain growth. The mammalian skull has complex cellular origins and arises through direct ossification, an atypical skeletogenic pathway. Congenital skull defects are relatively common, yet only a handful of causative mutations have been identified. Skull morphology exhibits tremendous variation across species, and is nearly synonymous with vertebrate evolution. In spite of the importance of skull bones, our understanding of the initial genetic events that pattern the skull is limited. Here I demonstrate in the mouse embryo that β-catenin signal transduction in the supraorbital mesenchyme comprises a definitive signal fate selection of cranial bone progenitors. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is active in cranial bone progenitors undergoing fate specification. Removal of β-catenin from the cranial mesenchyme results in transformation of skull ossification to ectopic chondrogenesis. β-catenin directly induces Twist1 expression, which is required to prevent chondrogenesis in the skull, where it binds to the Sox9 gene. These data implicate a β-catenin-Twist1 pathway in the repression of alternate cell fates during cranial bone progenitor cell fate specification. A suite of Wnt ligands, along with the specific Wnt ligand trafficking regulator, Wntless (Wls), is
Zymogram Comparison in Three Taxa or Oncomelania, Vector Snails of Schistosomiasis

Isozytnc pattcrns in thrcc taxa, Oncometania no,sophora (collecte{j t'roin Japan), O. Ybrmosana (L'rorn Forrnosa), arLd O. vrtath'a,yi (froni the Philippines), werc comparcd by cliscontinuous electrophoresis with 59{, polyacryiamidc gc], Among' 16 cnzynics exarnineci, tnalate dc'. hydrogcnasc ()t,IDH), esterase (EsL), and glucosel)hosphate isoinerase (GPI) shosvcd significantl}, high enzyine activities, but lactate dehydvogcnasc (I,DH), malic cnzymc (pt{E), xanthine dehydrogenase {XDI'I>, hexokinase (t'IK), alkatirie phosphatttse (AIP) a-d aspartnte a,niinotransferasc (GOT) showed yery low acLivlties under Lhe experimentuL conditions uscd, Band tnobility was higliest in leucine aminopeptic]ase (I.AP) fo]lo",cd by alcohol dchy, drogenase <:XI)H), }]hesphog'lucomutasc (PGM), acid phosphatase (AcP), isocitrate dehydrogcnase (IDH>, AIP, GOT, HK, .vlucese-6-phosphate dehydrogenasc (G6PD), I.DH, aldchydc oxidasc (Aldox), GP], XDII, Ml)H, ;incl ME. These enzymcs demonstratcd a single band {Litl', Acl', AiP, Ll)H, GPI, and A,IE> or 2"3 bands Ct'NDH, Aldox, PGeVi, G6PI), pt4I)H), but at icast 10 {sozyrnc bands -,crc observ{,'d in Est. It is suggcstcd that nosophora,. formosana and euadrasi are cEosely rclatcd to eacli othcr as a spccies complex. Kep, Lvords : Oncomelania, snail enzymes, isozymes, eLectrophoresis, schistosomiasis. (Received 15 August I988)
Sap flow variation in selected riparian woodland species in the Okavango Delta, Botswana

Abstract In the tropical Okavango Delta, transpiration by trees is an important process partly responsible for maintaining the basin as a freshwater environment. Quantification of evapotranspiration from terrestrial landforms of the delta, fringed by riparian woodlands, is one of the main contributors to uncertainty in current hydrological modelling. We investigated sap flow of common trees in the distal, mid‐ and upper delta in July–August 2012, November–December 2012 and February–April 2013 using the compensation heat pulse velocity method. In the distal delta, four Diospyros mespiliformis individuals of different sizes were studied. Four trees of different species were studied in the mid‐ and upper delta. Sap flow density (SFD; flow per unit cross‐sectional area) was used as a common unit to facilitate comparison. Sap flow varied with tree size, species, season and location. It was positively correlated with tree size (r 2 = 0.67). Sap flow variation between seasons and across locations in all the species studied indicated two distinct groups. Group 1 transpired the least during the hottest season, November–December, and Group 2 the most. In Group 1, the highest average SFD was 1.17 l cm−2 day−1 during July–August; in Group 2, it was 1.07 l cm−2 day−1 during November–December. Changes in the hydrology of the delta would negatively affect the riparian woodland.
Leukocyte core 2 1‐6‐N‐glucosaminyltransferase‐1 (C2GlcNAcT‐I) participates in the formation of atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E deficient (apoE−/−) mice

The development of atherosclerosis is initiated by adhesive interactions between leukocytes, platelets and the vessel wall. The involved adhesion molecules, including P‐selectin glycoprotein ligand 1, CD43, CD44 and CD45, are glycoproteins whose binding abilities are regulated by their specific O‐linked oligosaccharides terminating with sialyl Lewis‐X moieties, a structure which is catalyzed by leukocyte C2GlcNAcT‐I. In this study, we crossed C2GlcNAcT‐I deficient mice with apoE−/ − mice to determine the role of leukocyte C2GlcNAcT‐I in atherosclerosis. We found that the absence of leukocyte C2GlcNAcT‐I decreased the size of atherosclerotic lesions in apoE−/ −mice on both chow and western diets. Also there are very fewer macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions in C2GlcNAcT‐I−/ −/apoE−/ − mice than controls. This study demonstrates that leukocyte C2GlcNAcT‐I is crucial in the formation of atherosclerotic lesions and suggests that inhibition of leukocyte C2GlcNAcT‐I may be a novel approach in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
Alterations in Keratin Levels and Modifications in Colorectal Adenomagenesis

A cancerized field is an area of abnormal tissue in the vicinity of a cancer but appearing to be macroscopically normal. Identification of these has important clinical implications as abnormal tissues could be left in situ following polypectomy or surgical resection, leading to neoplastic recurrence in the same area. Up to 60% of patients develop metachronous adenomas following adenoma excision, the observed high rate of metachronous adenoma formation could be due to field changes analogous to cancerized fields around an adenoma. Keratins are important regulators of colonocyte physiology and their regulatory role is, in part, influenced by post-translational modifications and butyrate exposure. Butyrate has been shown to have a protective effect in the colon to prevent colorectal carcinoma. Alterations in keratin levels have been shown between the cancerized field and normal tissue. The investigation of keratins as a marker for a cancerized field and how they are influenced by butyrate may provide clues in the prevention of and treatment of adenomagenesis and the early stages of carcinogenesis. This thesis examines the involvement of keratins in adenoma fields and their response to butyrate exposure; the available evidence for these associations is reviewed.
Leveduras produtoras de AIA e solubilizadoras de P visando a promoção de crescimento de tomateiro

Microorganisms Plant Growth Promoters (MPCV) have the ability to produce compounds which stimulate plant growth by different mechanisms, such as the production of plant hormones and solubilization of minerals. Considering these aspects, this study aimed to evaluate the potential of yeast strains as plant growth promoters by producing indole acetic acid (IAA) and phosphate solubilization, and its inoculation of tomato seedlings. Six yeast strains were evaluated belonging to bank microorganisms Agricultural Microbiology and Molecular Laboratory (LAMAM CCA, UFSCar). For the evaluation of IAA production by isolates the colorimetric method was used, modified DiMenna (1957); for quantification of tricalcium phosphate solubilization was used to colorimetric method of molybdenum blue. The test with tomato seedlings was conducted in a greenhouse with different cell concentrations of T. globosa (5S55) and with or without addition of glucose and tryptophan. The results showed that isolates of T. globosa and Rh. mucilaginosa produced IAA in the presence of tryptophan; the isolates of T. globosa and M. guilliermondii solubilized inorganic phosphate in a liquid medium. The isolate T. globosa (5S55) promoted the growth of tomato seedlings, with significant increases in the length of shoot and root. In conclusion, the isolates of T. globosa, Rh. mucilaginosa and M. guilliermondii have the potential for improving plant production by IAA production and / or phosphate solubilization; the yeast T. globosa (5S55) was shown to promote growth of tomato plants. Key-words: IAA. Torulaspora globosa. Trichosporon asahii. Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. Meyerozyma guilliermondii.
Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Echinophora platyloba essential oil

Objetivo: Echinophora platyloba se utiliza tradicionalmente como agente antimicrobiano con el fin de preservar los productos caseros de deterioro. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la composicion quimica del aceite esencial, actividad antimicrobiana y antioxidante del aceite esencial de E. platyloba de la provincia de Shahr-e-Kord. Materiales y metodos: la composicion quimica del aceite esencial de E. platyloba mediante tecnicas de GC-MS y GC y evaluar su efecto antibacteriano frente a Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica y Helicobacter pylori por ensayos de difusion en disco y de micro dilucion en caldo. La actividad antioxidante del aceite esencial de E. platyloba se evaluo por los radicales ABST. β-ocimeno y α-cariofileno eran los componentes principales del aceite esencial de E. platyloba. El aceite esencial mostro la actividad antibacteriana prometido contra S. aureus, seguido de S. enterica y H. pylori. El aceite esencial presenta actividad antioxidante del aceite esencial mostro la IC de 0. 32 mg/ml que fue mayor que la IC50 de acido ascorbico (0.20 mg/ml). En conclusion: Aceite esencial de E. platyloba ha se recomienda s-ocimeno y quimiotipo α-cariofileno y su uso como agentes antioxidantes y antibacterianas como sus usos tradicionales.
Artificial Induction of Lactation in Bovines: Scope and Limitations -

Estrogen, progesterone, prolactin and glucocorticoids work synergistically at the onset of lactogenesis. Estrogen stimulates mammary ductal growth, and the combination of estrogen and progesterone regulates lobular-alveolar development of the mammary gland. This development does not occur in infertile animal or animals suffering from reproductive disorders due to relative absence of sex steroid hormones. Artificial induction of lactation can be induced in such animals by the combination of steroid hormones estrogen and progesterone. Additionally reserpine (tranquilizer- increases prolactin level) and dexamethasone (a synthetic glucocorticoid) can be used in induction protocols to increase the success rate. Artificial induction reduces the involuntary culling rate as well as the genetic losses. To save such genetically superior bovines, induction of lactation is the most appropriate technology used under Indian conditions. The treatment is more effective in well-fed animals with good body condition score and having normal teat and udder. Hormonal induction of lactation should be practice only in infertile animals; it should not be followed as a routine practice, as an alternate to normal lactation. Estrogen and progesterone in 1:2.5 ratios is effective in exotic and cross bred while 1:1 ratio is effective in indigenous cows and buffaloes for artificial induction because of short luteal phase. These methods of artificial induction of lactation yield 60 to 70% milk of previous lactation.
Nutritional effects on odour emissions in broiler production

Odour emissions are a normal part of broiler production but they potentially threaten the sustainable development of the broiler industry. There are currently no effective methods to reduce odour emissions that are practical or affordable for use in commercial farms. Diets can be formulated to more closely meet the bird's nutritional requirements to avoid overfeeding and to reduce the excretion of undigested components. This will decrease the amount of substrates that the microbes metabolise to odorous compounds. Diet can affect gut microflora, faecal microflora, litter moisture content, pH and water activity, all of which may affect the emission of odorants. This review details the role of diets on odour emission from broiler production. In the first part of this review, key odorants from broiler production, their origin, and measurement techniques have been discussed. This is followed by the role of feed ingredients, enzymes, feed additives, minerals, dietary protein levels, necrotic enteritis and litter conditions on odour emissions. It has been reported that nutritional strategies such as partial replacement of soybean meal with meat meal in the diet, use of a low sulphur diet, low protein diet, Bacillus subtilis based probiotic and saponin may reduce emissions. Additionally, drying the litter results in lower emission of odorants including the ones that contain sulphur and prevention of necrotic enteritis and wet litter condition may also reduce odour emission from broiler production.
Acceptability, Nutritional Composition, and Protein Digestibility of Food Produced with Black Rice

ABSTRACT Due to its nutritional properties, rice is highlighted as a staple food in populations worldwide, with increasing demands for pigmented types, such as black rice. The current study evaluates food produced with black rice and assesses its acceptability, nutritional composition, and protein digestibility. A 7-point hedonic scale and acceptability index were employed for sensorial analysis. Chemical analyses were performed to determine the food’s nutritional composition and protein digestibility. Chocolate truffle and sweet rice candies had respectively 97.14% and 80% acceptability rates, while muffin and risotto respectively reached 78.6% and 67.50% acceptability rates. The risotto had the best protein digestibility (83.93%), followed by sweet rice (74.36%), muffin (69.50%), and chocolate truffle (63.41%). In fact, consumers may easily accept receipes prepared from pigmented rice and its flour. Sweet rice and muffin were protein sources and digestibility results revealed that formulae with black rice obtained good results with other food of vegetal origin.
High incidence and correlates of dioecy in the flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

In comparing the incidence of dioecy in North American floras, we report a strong, positive correlation with increasing latitude. Dioecy in the High Arctic is highly correlated with woodiness, as elsewhere. It is significantly correlated with fleshy, zoochorous, fruits, as well documented elsewhere. Correlation with floral inconspicuousness, which we define in terms of attractiveness to pollinators (i.e. functionality to pollination), is weak and statistically insignificant. Published findings on that correlation are equivocal; different authors variously defined inconspicuousness in ways that may or may not reflect functionality in pollination. Although we acknowledge that for some diverse taxa (e.g. Salix spp.) the relative importances of anemophily, zoophily (entomophily) and ambophily are unknown, we assigned species to a) anemophily if evidence for entomophily could not be invoked and b) entomophily if insect pollination was considered possible (i.e. counts for entomophily include possibly ambophilou.
Biofilm forming properties and subtype of wild type and rough strains of Listeria monocytogenes in relation to hypochlorous acid tolerance and associated proteins

Strains of Listeria monocytogenes exhibit a range of ability to form biofilms. The objectives of this study were to determine if genetically related strains exhibit similar biofilmforming capacity, and the effect nutrient concentration has on the ability of different strains to produce biofilm. Biofilms of 30 strains of L. monocytogenes, obtained from a variety of sources, were grown on stainless steel in tryptic soy broth (TSB) or a 1:10 dilution of TSB (DTSB) for 24 h at 32oC. The amount of biofilm formed was determined using image analysis after staining the cells with bisBenzimide H 33258 (Hoechst 33258). The strains were genetically subtyped by repetitive element sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) using the primer sets rep-PRODt and repPROG5. Data were analyzed by using ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test. Eleven strains produced the same amount of biofilm in the two media. Fourteen strains produced more biofilm in TSB than DTSB. Five strains produced more biofilm in DTSB than TSB. Serotype 4b strains produced more biofilm accumulation in TSB than serotype 1/2a strains, while serotype 1/2a strains produced more in DTSB than did serotype 4b strains. Growth in DTSB resulted in decreased biofilm accumulation for serotype 4b strains. There was no correlation between genetic subtype and the amount of biofilm accumulation. These results indicate that serotype 1/2a and serotype 4b strains differ in the regulation of their biofilm phenotype. The poor biofilm accumulation of serotype 4b isolates when grown in DTSB could be a factor in the predominance of serogroup 1/2 strains in food processing plants, where nutrients may be limited.
Resíduo seco de destilaria com solúveis (DDGS) na alimentação de frangos de corte (22-42 dias)

Este trabalho teve por objetivo determinar a composicao bromatologica, energetica e a digestibilidade ileal de aminoacidos do residuo seco de destilaria com soluveis (DDGS), alem de avaliar o efeito da utilizacao desse residuo sobre o desempenho e rendimento de carcaca de frangos de corte dos 22 aos 42 dias de idade. No primeiro experimento, foram utilizadas 48 aves Cobb, machos, com 21 dias de idade e peso medio de 932 g ± 45 g, distribuidas em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com dois tratamentos, seis repeticoes e quatro aves por unidade experimental. No segundo (digestibilidade dos aminoacidos), foram utilizados 12 galos Leghorn cecectomizados, com peso medio de 1.912,1 ± 133,73 g, distribuidos em DIC, com um alimento teste (DDGS), seis repeticoes e um galo por unidade experimental. Finalmente, foi avaliado o desempenho e rendimento de carcaca de frangos de corte da linhagem Cobb Slow, dos 22 aos 42 dias, sendo utilizados 900 frangos, com peso inicial de 972,50 ± 25,79 g, distribuidos em DIC, em esquema fatorial 2 x 5, totalizando 10 tratamentos (macho e femea X 0; 5; 10; 15 e 20% de inclusao de DDGS), com cinco repeticoes por tratamento. Os valores de energia metabolizavel aparente (EMA) e EMA corrigida pelo balanco de nitrogenio (EMAn) foram de 2.461 e 2.282 kcal kg-1, respectivamente. Niveis de 5 a 20% de inclusao de DDGS nas racoes promovem queda no desempenho e no rendimento de carcaca de frangos de corte, machos e femeas, alem de maior deposicao de gordura abdominal nas femeas.
Controlled swelling and in vitro release of insulin from konkoli grafted polymethylacrylaminde hydrogel

The extended study of konkoli grafted polymethylacrylaminde (KG-g-poly (MAAm) hydrogel synthesized in our earlier work from methacrylamide (MAAm) grafted and N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (N,N-MBAAm) crosslinked Konkoli ( Maesopsis eminni ) galactomannan (KG), is necessary to establish its potential application as an oral insulin delivery system. In this study, the kg-g-poly (MAAm) Hydrogel swelling in typical pH media show an initial rapid swelling before stabilizing. The hydrogel attains its parabolic peak swelling in distill water (pH = 7). Swelling rises from a lower pH medium (pH = 2.2), and in a medium with a slight pH above this (pH = 7.4), swelling starts dropping. Comparing the media for the insulin release studies, the cumulative release drops to its parabolic trough in the distill water medium (pH = 7). A higher cumulative release was recorded at a lower pH (pH = 2.2), and the highest cumulative release was recorded at a higher pH (pH = 7.4). The kinetics and mechanisms of these processes were presented while using the descriptive statistic of regression to fit the results from the processes to a power law. The release of insulin from kg-g-poly (MAAm) Hydrogel was also shown to increase with increase in glucose concentration in the media with an initial rapid release in all solutions, while in a typical intestinal pH media range, higher release at all concentrations was recorded at pH = 6.8.
Complete mitochondrial genome of the Chihuil sea catfish Bagre panamensis (Siluriformes: Ariidae)

Abstract The chihuil sea catfish (Bagre panamensis) is endemic of the Eastern Pacific and is a species of fishery importance in the Mexican Pacific. The complete mitochondrial genome of Bagre panamensis has been assembled from Illumina sequencing data. The circular genome was 16,714 bp in lengh, and consist of 13 protein-coding, two ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), and 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes. Base composition is 30.8% A, 26.6% T, 28.2% C, and 14.4% G, and 42.6% GC content. Protein-coding genes present two start codon (ATG and GTG) and eight stop codon (TAA, TCT, CCT, TTA, CAT, AAT, ATT, and TAG). The control region possesses the highest A + T (64.4%) and lowest G + C content (35.6%) among all mitochondrial regions. These data would contribute to the evolutionary studies of related taxa.