Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Drowsiness detection for single channel EEG by DWT best m-term approximation

Introduction In this paper we propose a promising new technique for drowsiness detection. It consists of applying the best m-term approximation on a single-channel electroencephalography (EEG) signal preprocessed through a discrete wavelet transform. Methods In order to classify EEG epochs as awake or drowsy states, the most significant m terms from the wavelet expansion of an EEG signal are selected according to the magnitude of their coefficients related to the alpha and beta rhythms. Results By using a simple thresholding strategy it provides hit rates comparable to those using more complex techniques. It was tested on a set of 6 hours and 50 minutes EEG drowsiness signals from PhysioNet Sleep Database yielding an overall sensitivity (TPR) of 84.98% and 98.65% of precision (PPV). Conclusion The method has proved itself efficient at separating data from different brain rhythms, thus alleviating the requirement for complex post-processing classification algorithms.
Decomposition of business process models into reusable sub-diagrams

In this paper, an approach to automatic decomposition of business process models is proposed. According to our method, an existing BPMN diagram is disassembled into reusable parts containing the desired number of elements. Such elements and structure can work as design patterns and be validated by a user in terms of correctness. In the next step, these component models are categorised considering their parameters such as resources used, as well as input and output data. The classified components may be considered a repository of reusable parts, that can be further applied in the design of new models. The proposed technique may play a significant role in facilitating the business process redesign procedure, which is of a great importance regarding engineering and industrial applications.
Flow Kansei Engineering: Qualifying Conscious and Unconscious Behavior to Gain Optimal Experience in Kansei Engineering

The general tendency of design is that being based on human and the aim of Kansei engineering is to follow the structure of emotions based on human behaviors. As we know, Kansei appears in individual emotions and is able to create different feelings in human mind (Nagamachi, 2010) where Flow is a teleonomy of the self (Csikzentmihaly, 1992). However, Design has a convergent and divergent relation with needs and desires. Accordingly, designers are obliged to meet user’s desires but the implicit needs of such an emotional experience are difficult, partly because people express their emotions both consciously and unconsciously. Analyzing the relationship between Kansei and Flow, activities can have optimal behavior output. This article provides a new approach, which can be applied to capture the emotions of users and proposes a new framework of Kansei Engineering (KE) to handle the optimal experience of people besides their needs in a various tangible fields such as interior and product design. In this study we use the KE Model of Schütte because it is understandable and compatible with new tools. We use Flow in semantic and properties space and we created a Flow space during the synthesis step of this level.
78 5 EFFECT OF FATNESS ON MEAT QUALITY OF THE LOIN CUT OF SA DORPER LAMB

The effect of fat class (carcass fatness) on sensory quality, shear force and cooking loss was determined on the M. longissimus lumborum (M.LL) (loin) of Dorper lambs. The muscle samples obtained from the M.LL (loin), (carcasses distributed over five fat classes, were sampled, chilled at 0 – 5 °C for 24 hours, aged at 4 °C for 7 days, and then frozen at – 20 °C). The samples were used to determine the sensory characteristics, cooking losses and shear force resistance measurements of the lamb meat. The cuts were cooked according to a dry heat cooking method in an oven set at a temperature of 160 °C, to an internal temperature of 70 °C. Total cooking loss had a high positive correlation with total drip loss (r=0.888) and fat mass (r=0.888). The percentage drip loss differed significantly between fat classes. Fat classes 1 and 2 differed significantly from fat classes 3 to 5 for total cooking loss in that it had a higher percentage
New Insights in Plant Biology Gained from Research in Space

ABSTRACT Recent spaceflight experiments have provided many new insights into the role of gravity in plant growth and development. Scientists have been taking seeds and plants into space for decades in an effort to understand how the stressful environment of space affects them. The resultant data have yielded significant advances in the development of advanced life-support systems for long-duration spaceflight and a better understanding of the fundamental role of gravity in directing the growth and development of plants. Experiments have improved as new spaceflight hardware and technology paved the way for progressively more insightful and rigorous plant research in space. The International Space Station (ISS) has provided an opportunity for scientists to both monitor and control their experiments in real-time. Experiments on the ISS have provided valuable insights into endogenous growth responses, light responses, and transcriptomic and proteomic changes that occur in the microgravity environment. In recent years most studies of plants in space have used Arabidopsis thaliana, but the single-celled, Ceratopteris richardii spore is also a valuable model system that has been used to understand plant gravity response. Experiments using these fern spores have revealed a dynamic and gravity-responsive trans-cell Ca2+ current that directs polarization of these spores and a possible role of extracellular nucleotides in establishing or contributing to this current. As technology continues to improve, spaceflight experiments will provide many new insights into the role and effects of gravity on plant growth and development.
Progress in Group III nitride semiconductor electronic devices

Recently there has been a rapid domestic development in group III nitride semiconductor electronic materials and devices. This paper reviews the important progress in GaN-based wide bandgap microelectronic materials and devices in the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, which focuses on the research of the fundamental physical mechanisms of group III nitride semiconductor electronic materials and devices with the aim to enhance the crystal quality and electric performance of GaN-based electronic materials, develop new GaN heterostructures, and eventually achieve high performance GaN microwave power devices. Some remarkable progresses achieved in the program will be introduced, including those in GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) and metal—oxide—semiconductor high electron mobility transistors (MOSHEMTs) with novel high-k gate insulators, and material growth, defect analysis and material properties of InAlN/GaN heterostructures and HEMT fabrication, and quantum transport and spintronic properties of GaN-based heterostructures, and high-electric-field electron transport properties of GaN material and GaN Gunn devices used in terahertz sources.
Al confine fra matematica, biologia e arte: la morfogenesi di Turing

Che Alan Turing sia stato il genio che ideo la “macchina di Turing” cioe l’astrazione matematica che, realizzata in pratica, si concretizza nei moderni calcolatori, e noto a tutti. Molti sono anche al corrente che egli fu determinante, durante la seconda guerra mondiale, nel decifrare il codice militare tedesco “enigma”, dando agli alleati un vantaggio strategico determinante. Tuttavia, non molti sanno che Turing e uno dei fondatori della biologia matematica e che pose le basi teoriche per la comprensione della morfogenesi, cioe di quella disciplina che studia come si formano, durante la crescita, le strutture anatomiche degli esseri viventi.
Test Bias and Construct Validity.

The determination of bias in volves a specific test used in two or more specific populations. To the ex tent that the test contains cultural content that is generally peculiar to the members of one group but not to the members of another group, it is liable to be culture biased with respect to com parisons of the test scores between the groups or predictions based on their
Inulin Improves Hepatosteatosis in Humans

Fatty liver is a common clinical finding; it is widely spread in an epidemic form all over the globe. Its finding ushers the presence of other grave abnormalities including; obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases beside the ongoing pathology of the liver itself. Hypertriglyceridemia usually accompanies the aforementioned abnormalities. Inulin type prebiotic escapes digestion in the upper part of the gut and reaches the colon, where it enhances the beneficial strains of the microbiota which suppress the pathogenic strains that encourage lipogenesis. Our aim is to study the effect of inulin fructans on patients with hepatic steatosis. Four grams of inulin fructans were given daily for each of the twenty eight obese type 2 diabetic female patients of this study for a period of three weeks. Parameters estimated: Liver Fat Index (LFI), fasting serum insulin level and fasting serum liver transferases (GGT, AST & ALT). Both liver fat index and fasting serum insulin level showed a significant decrease after inulin intake. Again, GGT showed marked numerical drop and AST dropped significantly after inulin ingestion while ALT showed no significant change. In conclusion, inulin fructans seems to be a valuable add on therapy for hepatic steatosis treatment.
Improved modeling of permafrost dynamics in a GCM land‐surface scheme

Global climate models (GCM) are frequently used to understand and predict future climate change, but most GCMs do not attempt to represent permafrost dynamics and its potentially critical feedbacks on climate. In this paper, we evaluate the Community Land Model (CLM3), which is a land‐surface scheme, against observations and identify potential modifications to this model that improve fidelity of permafrost and soil temperature simulations. These modifications include increasing the total soil depth by adding new layers, incorporating a surface organic layer, and modifying the numerical scheme to include unfrozen water dynamics and more realistic phase change representation.
The effect of incubation temperature on embryonic development and muscle growth in yolk-sac larvae of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla L., 1758)

Reproduction of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) in aquaculture systems has become a focus research area due to severe decline of natural stocks, and increasing interest to breed eels for a self-sustained aquaculture. Despite over hundred years of research there are still large parts of its life cycle and biology that are unknown. Viable embryos and larvae are some of the key issues for rearing European eel in captivity where scarce knowledge of abiotic factors and adequate culture conditions remain a problem. Knowledge on the effect of water temperature is important to improve larval rearing and aquaculture systems, since thermal tolerance and optimal temperature is closely related to growth rate, development and survival. The aim of the present study was to investigate muscle growth and development in yolk-sac larvae of European eel, and how embryonic incubation temperatures affected survival rate, morphological development and muscle growth. European eel eggs and larvae were therefore incubated at 16, 20 and 24° C. The previous small scale incubation experiment showed that time until hatching was clearly related to temperature, and provide information about the actual time and day degrees required for embryonic development from fertilization to hatching, similar to those temperatures found in the spawning-area. Incubation at 24° C had a negative effect on survival rates of newly hatched larvae, indicating that this temperature is suboptimal for egg incubation. The present study demonstrated that muscle morphology, rate of development and onset of muscle differentiation follow a unique pattern, indicating that yolk-sac larvae of eels prepare for a somewhat different developmental strategy, i.e. leptocephalus phase. Larval muscle growth occurred by hyperplasia and hypertrophy, and the somatic length growth was poorly correlated to muscle growth in the initial yolk-sac stage.
A Novel and Simple Method for HCV Genotyping

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Received 20 December 2010 Accepted 7 February 2011 Available online 11 April 2011 Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major global health problem and one of the most common causes of chronic liver diseases. The current study was carried out to investigate the ability of High Resolution Melting (HRM) method in HCV genotyping. 40 HCV-Positive sera with unknown and 12 sera with known HCV genotypes were collected from different clinical laboratories in Tehran as well as Rasht in north of Iran. The RT-PCR was performed on RNA extracted from each sample. The first PCR amplification product was used as template for second run in a Nested-PCR followed by HRM method. Unknown genotypes were determined with comparing of their normalized and difference graphs with those obtained by known genotypes as standard. All results were confirmed by direct sequencing. In a comparison between results obtained by HRM method and those of direct sequencing, only 2 out of 40 samples with unclear HCV genotypes had been incorrectly genotyped by HRM method. The results obtained by this study show that HRM can be introduced as a simple, fast, and reliable method for HCV genotyping in clinical laboratories.
Construire une catégorie grâce à une analogie : cas du concept d'élément chimique.

Cette recherche valide l'utilisation d'une analogie pour construire une categorie, celle d'element chimique, enseignee au moyen d'activites experimentales et de debats. La notion d'element chimique au sens strict, telle qu'elle est proposee par l'IUPAC, est discutee au regard de travaux anterieurs. Sur la base de la propriete de conservation, propriete caracterisant la categorie a laquelle l'eleve doitdonner du sens, la sequence innovante proposee s'appuie sur l'analogie fournie pour mettre les eleves face a une contradiction due a la polysemie de terme cuivre. Celui-ci signifie pour eux a la fois metal cuivre et element chimique cuivre. La facon dont les eleves levent la contradiction revele un point de vue original sur la reaction chimique. L'analyse de l'approche de trois enseignants, qui utilisent la contradiction et l'analogie, montre l'interet de la sequence mais aussi sa difficulte. La generalisation de la notion d'element chimique issue de cet enseignement est alors proposee en deux etapes : (i) l'element chimique cuivre se conserve dans toutes les transformations chimique ; (ii) tous les elements chimiques se conservent dans toutes les transformations.
Petrochemical study of the Jingpohu Holocene alkali basaltic rocks, northeastern China

Holocene volcanoes in the Jingpohu region are situated in the “Crater Forest” and “Frog Pool” areas along the northwest side of Jingpohu Lake, northeastern China. Dating of three charcoal samples from the first and second volcanic cycles shows that the ages of the first and second cycles are 3430~3490 and 2470 years respectively. The lavas from the Jingpohu area consist of basanites (BSN), alkali olivine basalts (AOB) and tephrites (TP). Crystal fractionation models are consistent with the generation of AOB and TP from a basanitic parent. Minor fractionation of olivine, augite, magnetite and Cr-spinel is required to produce AOB compositions whereas the generation of TP requires extensive fractionation of kaersutite, phlogopite and anorthoclase with minor olivine, augite, magnetite and leucite. The presence of kaersutite, phlogopite and anorthoclase megacrysts and mantle xenoliths suggest a fractionation history occurring at high pressure in the mantle. Although all basaltic rocks contain many granitic xenoliths, their geochemical characteristics show that they have not undergone any contamination of upper crust en route to the surface, but some alkali basalts were suffered from the contamination of lower crust. Relatively unradiogenic isotope ratio (compared with Bulk Earth), steep chondrite-normalized REE patterns and strong incompatible element enriched patterns suggest that the magmas are derived from a mixture of an incompatible element depleted anhydrous lherzolite asthenospheric mantle source and an enriched, amphibole-phologite(apatite-)bearing lherzolite continental lithospheric mantle source. We propose that the basanites are the products of very low degree partial melts (<1%) of this source under high extension strength.
Métodos de Busca Direta para Seleção de Parâmetros em Máquinas de Vetores Suporte

Neste trabalho apresentamos uma revisao de conceitos acerca das maquinas de vetores suporte, utilizadas para problemas de classificacao e regressao no contexto de aprendizagem de maquina. Tendo em vista que escolher adequadamente os parâmetros utilizados nos problemas de Otimizacao envolvidos pode melhorar o desempenho do classificador, estudamos dois metodos de Otimizacao sem derivadas, a busca padrao e a busca direta com malha adaptavel, e discutimos como estes podem auxiliar nessa tarefa. Para avaliar a eficiencia de tais metodos nesse contexto, nos os comparamos com a classica busca por grid na aplicacao a trinta e quatro problemas de classificacao binaria da biblioteca LIBSVM. Constatamos que a busca padrao utilizada e a busca direta com malha adaptavel foram capazes de encontrar parâmetros tao bons quanto a busca por grid, com baixa taxa de vetores suporte e alta taxa de acerto no conjunto de teste, resultando em horas ou ate dias de economia de processamento.
New materials by grafting acrylic acid onto cassava starch

Zoeken naar industriele toepassingen voor cassavezetmeel Het doel van dit onderzoek is het vinden van industriele toepassingen voor cassavezetmeel, ter vervanging van polymeren uit aardoliederivaten. In tropische landen is cassave goedkoop omdat het als tweederangs voedsel wordt gezien. Het vinden van industriele toepassingen zal daarom eerder de landbouwsector in bijvoorbeeld Indonesie stimuleren, dan dat er concurrentie met de voedselmarkt zal optreden. Tot op heden is er nog maar weinig onderzoek gedaan naar non-food toepassingen van cassavezetmeel. Het zetmeel zelf heeft niet alle gewenste functionele eigenschappen, daarvoor zijn modificaties nodig. Een goede methode om daarbij de eigenschappen van synthetische polymeren te benaderen is entpolymerisatie (grafting). Daarbij worden aan het bestaande biopolymeer nieuwe stukjes synthetische polymeer opgebouwd. Zo blijven veel eigenschappen van het zetmeel behouden maar worden tevens nieuwe functionaliteiten toegevoegd. Omdat er veel water-oplosbare synthetische polymeren in gebruik zijn op basis van acrylzuur, is dit monomeer ook gekozen voor dit onderzoek. De uitkomsten van dit onderzoek op laboratoriumschaal zijn bruikbaar voor de verdere ontwikkeling van de producten en een bereidingsproces. De analytische methode is zodanig verder ontwikkeld dat er nu een betere karakterisering van de reactieproducten mogelijk is. De invloed van reactievariabelen is gescreend met behulp van een Experimental Design methode en er is een adequaat kinetisch model opgesteld. Door torsiemetingen kon het verloop van de viscositeit tijdens de graftingsreactie worden gevolgd, een methode die niet eerder is beschreven in de vakliteratuur. Het product blijkt geschikt voor diverse toepassingen zoals voor superabsorbents (bruikbaar in biologisch afbreekbare incontinentiehulpmiddelen) en andere, zoals bijvoorbeeld industriele verdikkingsmiddelen.
A multi-scale object-oriented approach to the classification of multi-sensor imagery for mapping land cover in the Top End

The emergence of robust object-orient methods for the classification of satellite imagery offers viable alternatives to the ‘traditional’ pixel-based methods. This is particularly of importance when utilising high resolution imagery. This paper describes a multi-scale object-oriented approach to the classification of multisensor imagery for mapping land cover in the tropical region of the Northern Territory. After pre-processing, image data was segmented into objects at multiple scale levels. These objects were then assigned class rules using spectral signatures, shape and the contextual relationships of the objects. These rules were used as a basis for the fuzzy classification of the imagery. This method provided results with good accuracy; indicating object-oriented analysis has great potential for extracting land cover information from satellite imagery captured over tropical Australia. Introduction Although the concept of image segmentation and object classification is not new (Kettig and Landgrebe 1976), the emergence of robust object-oriented approaches to the classification of remotely sensed data is one of the major advances in digital image processing in recent years (Benz et al. 2004). These methods are finding increasing popularity particularly when applied to high resolution satellite imagery (Lennartz and Congalton 2004). The range of resolutions of satellite imagery lends itself to mapping of land cover at a number of scales. High resolution images obviously contain more information than low resolution. Therefore it is reasonable to suggest that coarser resolution data can be used to create small scale land cover maps while higher resolution data can map land cover in greater detail (Colombo et al. 2004). Pixels within a low resolution image contain combined signal from a number of objects, where
Insights into North Pacific right whale Eubalaena japonica habitat from historic whaling records

Whaling records from the mid-1800s provide the largest set of observations with which to conduct a basin-scale analysis of potential North Pacific right whale Eubalaena japonica habitat. Since these data lack the concurrent oceanographic data necessary to investigate the spe- cies' habitat characteristics I used ocean climate from a 20th century circulation model to create a suitable set of habitat predictors. My goals were to (1) identify regions of suitable habitat and (2) investigate the processes underlying the species-habitat relationship by (3) examining model per- formance at different spatial and temporal scales. The results show 2 non-overlapping habitat regions in the subarctic North Pacific, supporting the notion of 2 distinct subpopulations. The analysis also implicates surface temperature and temperature variability as strong indicators of potential right whale habitat. Tests of model performance at different scales strongly suggest that at the basin-scale, right whales use regions of cold water with low inter-annual variability and high within-season variability (i.e. areas where high frontal activity occurs predictably from year to year). The significance of these indicators decreased at the regional scale emphasising the cou- pling of scale and process, and thus the need for different predictors at different scales. Compar- isons of models built using different subsets of the dependent data showed how hypotheses can be tested and potential biases in observational data can be explored. Analyses of rare species' habitat such as this can provide guidance for more directed survey efforts and help identify areas and pro- cesses of potential biological importance.