Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Blood Flow Rates With Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Angiography before and after Intracranial Stent Placement

C. Karmonik, S. Akpek, H. Morsi, M. Zhao, C. M. Strother, R. Klucznick, G. A. Lopez, M. E. Mawad Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States, Vassol, Inc., Chicago, IL, United States, Radiology, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States, Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States, Neurology, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States Introduction Occlusive cerebrovascular disease is one of the most common causes of ischemic stroke. In order to assemble a complete diagnostic picture necessary for defining a treatment option, the physician has to obtain accurate information about the extent of vascular involvement and the impact that it has on blood supply to the brain [1]. Important components of this information include blood flow rate, blood velocity and the perfusion of the parenchyma supplied by a diseased (stenosed) artery. Vascular stenting as a revascularization procedure is widely used in different parts of the vascular system including the cerebral vasculature. Phase contrast magnetic resonance angiographic (PCMRA) measurements can determine blood flow velocities and volumetric flow rates in vitro and in vivo [2]. The accuracy of these measurements are believed to be determined by factors including partial volume and curved-flow effects [3]. In order to minimize the influence of those factors, the slice position at which blood velocity and flow rate are to be measured has to be perpendicular to the direction of the vessel. As the intracranial vessels show high tortuosity, this is sometimes not easy to achieve which has limited the use of PCMRA for cerebrovascular vessels as part of a standard clinical MRI or MRA examination. We here report our experiences of using the NOVA system (Vassol, Inc.) for evaluating blood flow in diseased vessels before and after vascular stenting.
CELEBRITY VERSES NON-CELEBRITY VERSES NO ENDORSEMENT: A STUDY ON RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF THREE TYPE OF PRINT ADVERTISEMENTS ON CONSUMERS’ PURCHASE INTENTION

CELEBRITY VERSES NON-CELEBRITY VERSES NO ENDORSEMENT: A STUDY ON RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF THREE TYPE OF PRINT ADVERTISEMENTS ON CONSUMERS’ PURCHASE INTENTION Sheth Bhagyashree H. (UGC NET-JRF), Research Scholar (Rajkot), Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, INDIA. Dr. Sandip Solanki, Associate Professor & HoD, IB Department, Symbiosis Institute of International Business, Symbiosis International University, Pune, Maharashtra, INDIA.
The Levels and Trends in Deep and Extreme Poverty in the U.S., 1993-2016

Recently, there has been tremendous interest in deep and extreme poverty in the U.S. We advance beyond prior research by using higher-quality data, improving measurement, and following leading standards in international income research. We estimate deep (measured as less than 20% of medians) and extreme (measured as less than 10% of medians) poverty in the U.S. from 1993-2016. Using the Current Population Survey, we match the income definition of the Luxembourg Income Study and adjust for underreporting using Urban Institute’s TRIM3 model. In 2016, we estimate 5.2 to 7.2 million Americans (1.6-2.2%) were deeply poor and 2.6 to 3.7 million (.8-1.2%) were extremely poor. While deep and extreme poverty fluctuated over time, including declines from 1993-1995 and 2007-2010, we find significant increases from lows in 1995 to peaks in 2016 in both deep (increases of 48-93%) and extreme poverty (increases of 54-111%). We even find significant increases with thresholds anchored at 1993 medians. Adding homelessness, deep poverty would be 7-8% higher and extreme poverty would be 19-23% higher in 2016, which suggests our estimates are probably lower-bounds. The rise of deep/extreme poverty is concentrated among childless households. Among households with children, the expansion of SNAP benefits has led to declines in deep/extreme poverty. Ultimately, we demonstrate that estimates of deep/extreme poverty depend critically on the quality of income measurement.
WST 50.3 PL18 corr

Previously, we developed a novel biological early warning (BEW) system for directly monitoring the health and performance of activated sludge, the “four-assay set”. In the present work, the four-assay set has been used to measure the effects of four common stresses on activated sludge biomass: high temperature; pH; anoxia; and starvation. The results demonstrate both the utility of the Paprican four-assay set as a biomass-evaluating and BEW tool, and the tolerances of a typical kraft mill activated sludge for these four stresses.
Free Lunches for Insiders under Investor Inertia

This paper examines how investor inertia might benefit the controlling families of business groups in a way that is distinct from explicit tunneling or diversion of resources. Our analysis is based on a sample of new parent-subsidiary relationships created through spin-offs followed by stock-for-stock tender offers in Korean business groups. We find that family insiders actively tender their shares of the subsidiary in exchange for the new shares issued by the parent while outside investors remain largely passive. Prior to the tender offer, subsidiary prices continue to increase while parent prices drop substantially, which allows the controlling families to double their direct holdings in the parent. Families also gain 32% on overall value of their holdings, two thirds of which consists of voluntary wealth transfers by inertial investors who did not tender. Such patterns in stock prices and inertial tendencies are mitigated over time. Our results suggest that rational managers may actively exploit behavioral characteristics of investors not so much to maximize the firm value, but rather their personal benefits. JEL Classifications: D03, G34
Global Market Integration Reversals and Funding Liquidity∗

This paper shows the role of the funding liquidity in global financial integration reversals. First, we construct a segmentation indicator based on funding liquidity differences across countries as measured by the performance of local betting-againstbeta strategies. Second, we find that funding liquidity shocks help explain recent integration reversals in the absence of any new explicit foreign investment barriers. These findings are consistent with tighter limits to arbitrage and increased home bias during funding distress periods. Our empirical analysis is guided by a margin-CAPM model extended to an international setting.
Cascaded Switched-Capacitor dc-dc Converters for a USB Power Delivery Compliant Charger

The improvements in modern circuit technology reduce system size, improve the efficiency and reduce the cost. Utilization of soft-switching resonant power converters give high density high effeciency power converters for narrow output voltage ranges. To overcome this a cascaded switched-capacitor dc-dc converter is used to implement a Universal Serial Bus Power Delivery compliant charger. The converter uses a custom designed application specific integrated circuit designed for switched-capacitor dc-dc converters and wide bandgap technology allowing high frequency, high power design. The converter achieves peak efficiencies up to 98% at 60W output power with a corresponding junction temperature of 50◦C. Worst case junction temperatures reach 64◦C and is viable for use in long-term battery charger systems. The cascaded power stages take up 14mm×22mm.
Traitement hormonal de la ménopause et risque de cancer du sein : commentaires sur les résultats de la Million Women Study

Un an apres la publication des resultats de l‘essai randomise Women‘s Health Initiative (WHI) [1] qui eurent un important retentissement mediatique, les donnees concernant la relation entre traitement hormonal substitutif de la menopause (THS) et risque de cancer du sein viennent s‘enrichir des conclusions d‘une large enquete de cohorte prospective, la Million Women Study (MWS) [2].
How do auditors perceive and respond to client firms’ technological peer pressure? Evidence from going-concern opinions

We examine how the technological aspect of competition (or technological peer pressure) affects the likelihood that auditors issue going-concern opinions. We find that a client firm’s technological peer pressure increases the likelihood that the firm receives a going-concern opinion. This finding is consistent with the notion that perceived auditor business risk increases with client technological peer pressure so that auditors are more likely to issue going-concern opinions to clients with such pressure. Further evidence shows that this positive effect is more pronounced for client firms with greater innovation originality, that are financially constrained, and for auditors facing higher litigation risk. We also find that technological peer pressure reduces the probability of both Type I and Type II misclassifications when auditors exert more effort. Additional analyses show that client firms’ technological peer pressure positively affects the likelihood of using auditors specialized in auditing R&D. Taken together, our study implies that auditors exert more effort to increase audit quality in response to the higher auditor business risk induced by clients’ technological peer pressure, instead of simply being conservative.
Public Sector Accounting and Financial Reporting Reforms: Public Entities Perspectives, Sri Lanka

The theme addressed in this paper, Accounting and Financial Reporting Reforms viz. Businesslike Accounting Practices in the Public Sector and their Failure has been widely discussed in both developed and developing countries. Scholars have been debating over the appropriateness of cash vs. accrual-based accounting practices, the extremes in the continuum of accounting practices in the public sector. Taking Institutional Theory as the theoretical lens, the author argues that both the non-appearance of the logic of appropriateness of business-like accounting practices and flaws in the implementation process have been the reasons for their failure. The paper argues the need for a more pragmatic approach to identifying the right accounting reforms and their implementation.
A RESEARCH OF POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS AND DEPRESSION SYMPTOMS IN EMERGENCY AMBULANCE STAFF: DISTRICTS OF MERSIN CASE STUDY

Methods: The sample of the study was composed of 59 ambulance staff consisting of 27 women and 32 men working in Mersin Emergency Health Services Stations. Personal Information Form, Occupational Information Form, Traumatic Stress Symptom Scale, Severity of Disability Scale and Beck Depression Scale were used as data collection tools. Descriptive analyzes are given mean, standard deviation and percentage. Mann Whitney U test, student t test, OneWay Anova test, chisquare test, pearson or spearman correlation analysis was used for data analysis.
Teachers' Attitudes Towards The Integration Of Disabled Children Into Regular Schools In Saudi Arabia

Integration is aimed at children with special needs to integrate them with their peers in ordinary schools that provide less restrictive environments. One of the keys to a successful integration is the ability to understand and modify the attitudes of educators towards disabled children. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to assess the attitudes of female teachers and male teachers in ordinary (mainstream) schools which have an integration policy in Saudi Arabia, in terms of their views of the integration requirements, and needs and ability of children with special education needs (SEN) to study in an ordinary school. The subjects for this study consisted of six female teachers and six male teachers from public schools in Dammam city, which have an integration policy. A questionnaire used to collect date in relation the attitudes of the respondents consisted of two sections: personal background date and scale of attitudes towards integration of children with SEN in ordinary school, which include 15 Likert-type items. The questions and /or styles modified from different previous studies have been utilised in the instrument of this study. Positively, the study has indicated similarities between the two groups of teachers, in case of general attitude towards the children with SEN, and the study concludes that integration of SEN children is recommended by most of the participants in this study. However, for successful integration of these children to take place, schools need to have a more suitable curriculum, better school environment and trained and well qualified teachers.
Algorithmic Fairness Static Analysis for Neural Networks

Context. Nowadays, we are witnessing widespread adoption of software with far-reaching societal impact, i.e., software that assists or automates decisionmaking in fields such as social welfare, criminal justice, and even health care. It is not difficult to envision that in the future most of the decisions in society will be delegated to software. However, a number of recent cases have evidenced the importance of ensuring software fairness as well as data privacy. Going forward, data science software will be subject to more and more legal regulations (e.g., the European General Data Protection Regulation adopted in 2016) as well as administrative audits.
1 REDUCING ACRYLAMIDE EXPOSURE : A 2 REVIEW OF THE APPLICATION OF SULFUR-3 CONTAINING COMPOUNDS-A CARIBBEAN 4 OUTLOOK

6 7 . 8 ABSTRACT 9 10 Acrylamide, a known neurotoxin, reproductive toxin, genotoxin, probable carcinogen, hepatotoxin, and immunotoxin, has sparked intense curiosity due to its prominent presence in thermally processed, carbohydrate-rich foods. Acrylamide formation occurs via the Maillard reaction at temperatures of ≥ 100oC. Thorough investigation on acrylamide mitigation through the application of sulfur-containing compounds: to raw materials, and during food processing have been conducted. Although prominent results in acrylamide reduction has been observed, limitations are considered. These limitations involve the social and economic challenges of a population, such as the Caribbean. This study seeks to answer just how effective the application of sulfur-containing compounds are in reducing acrylamide exposure, especially when this applies to a developing region.
ELEMENTARY DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY AND THE GAUSS-BONNET THEOREM

In this paper we discuss examples of the classical Gauss-Bonnet theorem under constant positive Gaussian curvature and zero Gaussian curvature. We then develop the necessary geometric preliminaries with example calculations. We then use our newly developed tools to prove the local GaussBonnet theorem. After a foray into triangulation and the Euler characteristic, we will use the local Gauss-Bonnet theorem to prove the global Gauss-Bonnet theorem for compact surfaces.
VISUAL ODOMETRY CORRECTION BASED ON LOOP CLOSURE DETECTION

An essential requirement in the fields of robotics and intelligent transportation systems is to know the position of a mobile robot along the time, as well as the trajectory that it describes by using on-board sensors. In this paper, we propose a novel approach focused on the use of cameras as perception sensors for visual localization in unknown environments. Our system allows to perform a robust visual odometry, where correction algorithms based on loop closure detection are applied for correctly identifying the location of a robot in long-term situations. In order to satisfy the previous conditions, we carry out a methodological improvement of some classic computer vision techniques. In addition, new algorithms are implemented with the aim of compensating the drift produced in the visual odometry calculation along the traversed path. According to this, our main goal is to obtain an accurate estimation of the position, orientation and trajectory followed by an autonomous vehicle. Sequences of images acquired by an on-board stereo camera system are analyzed without any previous knowledge about the real environment. Several results obtained from these sequences are presented to demonstrate the benefits of our proposal.
Analysts and Hedge Fund Activism

Using a sample of hedge fund activist events from the years 2001 to 2014, we assess analysts’ reaction to hedge fund activism by considering changes in their recommendations. We find a preponderance of recommendations that move to or are reinstated at the Hold level following the arrival of a hedge fund activist, suggesting analysts are uncertain in this environment. Supporting our uncertainty hypothesis, we find that, over the course of an activist campaign, analysts’ experience a decrease in their ability to forecast earnings and a reduction in their earnings forecast activity levels. Overall, our findings suggest that analysts are uncertain in the presence of a hedge fund activist, limiting their ability to add substantial value in this setting. JEL classification: G10, G14, G23, G24, G34
Do divestitures create value? Evidence from options markets

Using stock and option prices, we uniquely find that divestitures generate significant economic synergies for acquirers and sellers of divested assets. In the absence of a bid, the announcement reveals unfavorable new information about the acquirer corresponding with the friendly nature of divestiture transactions and favorable new information about the seller consistent with the undervaluation of its assets. The methodology employed overcomes a downward bias in using abnormal stock returns to measure value creation, from which prior studies conclude that divestitures have a marginal effect on shareholder value. Our findings have implications for corporate acquisition strategies.
Can Director Compensation Mitigate the Negative Effects of Corruption?

Becker and Stigler (1974) show that higher remuneration for monitors can mitigate the negative effects of corruption. We test this notion in the context of director pay across countries. Specifically, we examine independent director compensation using panel data from 27 countries. Directors in countries with greater corruption receive greater pay. We test whether this positive relation is due to higher pay mitigating the negative effects of corruption, or due to directors in corrupt countries expropriating firm value. Using an analysis based on abnormal returns around firm acquisitions, we find that corruption is associated with decreased acquisition performance, and this relation is mitigated by higher director pay. Higher director pay is also associated with greater sensitivity of CEO turnover to firm performance. Additionally, corruption is associated with lower firm value, but high independent director pay moderates the negative effects of country-level corruption on firm value. JEL Classification: G34
Paper Dreams: Real-Time Human and Machine Collaboration for Visual Story Development

​Increasing human potential is the underlying incentive for all technological advances. In creativity, technology can be used to facilitate faster design and construction, to improve human creative capability through learning and training, and to enable novel and innovative ways to create. The capacity to express our thoughts with visual mechanisms provides the foundation for meaningful creative practices, including art, design, and science. Here we present Paper Dreams explores how the real-time generation of ideas and visuals based on multi-modal user input can encourage divergent thinking, specifically in graphical story development, while also providing enough agency for users to feel that they have creative ownership over the final output of the collaboration. This paper, thus, makes the following contributions: we have expanded upon the existing state-of-the-art machine learning models used in recognizing sketches and creates personalized suggestions for new elements and colors. We have developed a Text-to-Sketch component, which is not typical to most canvases, that can further assist in populating the canvas. We have also improved upon conventional ways of finding relations between objects by grouping relations into different categories and limiting objects to the sketches in our dataset. Introduction Human-machine collaboration has the capacity to augment creativity in a wide variety of ways. Throughout the collaboration stage, ideas emerge from both the users and the system that can assist and encourage creativity[33]. As collaborators make unexpected and novel contributions, their output can lead to new artifacts that otherwise might not have produced individually. The field of intelligent interactive systems has recently gained a fair amount of traction with the rapid increases in the field of AI, especially in so-called co-creative systems that feature human users creatively collaborating with intelligent agents. These systems have been implemented in numerous domains, including art [10] [18], music [36] and robotics [11]. In addition, these systems are designed to encourage creative thoughts for both novice and expert human users. These novel representations of co-creative systems are proposed as mechanisms to increase the level of user engagement with the system, support innovation, inspire and motivate the user to continue the task, and help users achieve shared goals. The study of how or why something is deemed creative can be challenging due to the lack of cohesive definitions and the ambiguity of what constitutes an idea as creative. The inspiration features of Paper Dreams have based on principles of Divergent
EVALUATIVE TRENDS OF ILLICIT DRUGS USES IN INDIA AND ANALYSIS OF INDIAN AND INTERNATIONAL LAWS OF PROHIBITION OF DRUGS OF ABUSE

A drug is any biological substance, synthetic or non-synthetic, that is taken primarily for non-dietary needs. It is usually synthesized outside an organism, but introduced into an organism to produce its action. Drug addiction is a growing problem in India. This paper highlights the statistics and trends of abuse of most common illicit drugs in children in India and laws both in India and Internationally for prohibition of drugs of abuse.
University Counseling Center Use of Prolonged Exposure Therapy: In-Clinic Treatment for Students With PTSD

Students utilize university counseling center services to address distress related to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Since counseling centers services such as group work or general psychotherapy may not address specific PTSD-symptom reduction, centers often give community referrals in such cases. Evidence-based therapies (EBTs), including Prolonged Exposure Therapy, have the potential to be offered within counseling center services, however. Prolonged exposure consistently provides significant symptom relief to patients with the most severe PTSD symptoms within 10–12 sessions. This article presents and examines two case examples of students who participated in a full prolonged exposure protocol within a counseling center clinic.
A Strong Two-Way Authentication Method for Low Capacity Solutions

One of the widely known challenge response authentication methods is the two–way authentication. First twoway authentication methods were limited by those days’ capacity of processing power and had limited security. The later protocols and standards on the other hand were too broad and resource demanding because they aimed at addressing all of the security demands of the “future”as seen in those times. With the availability of new techniques and new tools at low costs, a finer granularity on the security of low capacity, low cost environments has become possible with good cost/performance ratios. Of course these solutions need careful design and functional definition, before being used in small designs. Our alternative two-way authentication is a step towards giving more meaning to the parameters suitable for low cost solutions, instead of using public-keys or certificates and still have a key exchange protocol as secure as others.