Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Epidermal growth factor receptors associated to cytoskeletal elements of epidermoid carcinoma (A431) cells

The structural interaction of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and the cytoskeleton of A431 cells has been studied using a monoclonal anti-EGF receptor antibody. This has been done with immunogold labeling using a variety of electron microscopical preparation procedures and EGF binding studies. By providing an image of the membrane-associated cytoskeleton, the dry cleavage method reveals a preferential localization of EGF receptors superimposed upon cytoskeletal filaments. The colocalization of gold particles with cytoskeletal filaments is not affected when pre-labeled cells are extracted with the non-ionic detergent Triton X-100, as visualized by dry cleavage. Using surface replication, this treatment results in visualization of the cytoskeleton. In these latter preparations, it is also observed that EGF receptor-coupled gold particles remain associated with cytoskeletal elements. Moreover, Triton extraction performed before immunogold labeling of EGF receptors demonstrates that isolated cytoskeletons contained binding sites for anti-EGF receptor antibodies. Using stereo micrographs of replica's obtained from these isolated cytoskeletons, it is shown that gold-labeled EGF receptors are exclusively present on the cortical membrane-associated region of the cytoskeleton and not on more intracellular-located filaments. Scatchard analysis of EGF binding to cells fixed with glutaraldehyde and treated with Triton X-100 before and after EGF binding indicates that a high affinity EGF binding site is associated with the Triton X-100 insoluble cytoskeleton.
Nutrition and multi-ethnic groups

Growth and health depend on food. You are what you eat. Cultural eating habits are based on low cost and availability of a food in local market. Religious restric tions on a particular food are meant to prevent moral, psychological and physical harm. In English food; excessive use of chips may lead to obesity and heart disease. Low fibre with high fat may contribute to cancer colon. Bangladeshi rice eaters may develop 'post bulber duodenal ulcer'. Japanese raw fish diet may predispose to cancer of the stomach. Asian chapati diet may cause rickets and osteomalasia. Vegetarians may get iron deficiency anaemia. An Indian vegetable 'karela' in a curry may potentiate the action of chlorpropamide (diabenese) and lead to prolonged hypoglycemia result ing in fainting or coma. A Jamaican native dish of delicacy 'ACKEE' if cooked unripe can kill. This paper deals with such clinical points for a busy doctor and practical tips for other health workers who care for multi-ethnic groups in the U.K.
Shell thickening and chambering in the oyster Crassostrea gigas: natural and anthropogenic influence of tributyltin contamination

Abnormal thickening and chambering in Crassostrea gigas oysters have been adopted for many years as bioindicators of available tributyltin (TBT) in coastal waters. Nevertheless, since natural causes can also induce the formation of multiple chambers, a field study and laboratory experimentation has been conducted with 72 examples of C. gigas in successive culture media. This work has enabled differences to be established between natural fine sediment‐induced characteristics and the influence of TBT on the shells. External shell deformities have been assessed using three biometric indices, shell thickness index, weight index and volume index. Internal differences have been observed in longitudinal sections of the shell: retraction of growth, stagnation of the adductor muscle scar and thinning of the chambers in the TBT‐polluted shell secretion. A new index, the opening chambers index, has been proposed, with a value of less than 1 in the TBT‐polluted environment and greater than 1 in shells secreted in an unpolluted production site. These conclusions should be borne in mind when C. gigas is used in biomonitoring programmes.
Efficient Location Privacy-Preserving k-Anonymity Method Based on the Credible Chain

Currently, although prevalent location privacy methods based on k-anonymizing spatial regions (K-ASRs) can achieve privacy protection by sacrificing the quality of service (QoS), users cannot obtain accurate query results. To address this problem, it proposes a new location privacy-preserving k-anonymity method based on the credible chain with two major features. First, the optimal k value for the current user is determined according to the user’s environment and social attributes. Second, rather than forming an anonymizing spatial region (ASR), the trusted third party (TTP) generates a fake trajectory that contains k location nodes based on properties of the credible chain. In addition, location-based services (LBS) queries are conducted based on the trajectory, and privacy level is evaluated by instancing θ privacy. Simulation results and experimental analysis demonstrate the effectiveness and availability of the proposed method. Compared with methods based on ASR, the proposed method guarantees 100% QoS.
Hormone replacement therapy and risk of venous thromboembolism: population based case-control study

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the association between use of hormone replacement therapy and the risk of idiopathic venous thromboembolism. Design: Population based case-control study. Setting: Population enrolled in the General Practice Research Database, United Kingdom. Subjects: A cohort of 347 253 women aged 50 to 79 without major risk factors for venous thromboembolism was identified. Cases were 292 women admitted to hospital for a first episode of pulmonary embolism or deep venous thrombosis; 10 000 controls were randomly selected from the source cohort. Main outcome measures: Adjusted relative risks estimated from unconditional logistic regression. Results: The adjusted odds ratio of venous thromboembolism for current use of hormone replacement therapy compared with non-users was 2.1 (95% confidence interval 1.4 to 3.2). This increased risk was restricted to first year users, with odds ratios of 4.6 (2.5 to 8.4) during the first six months and 3.0 (1.4 to 6.5) 6-12 months after starting treatment. No major risk differences were observed between users of low and high doses of oestrogens, unopposed and opposed treatment, and oral and transdermal preparations. The risk of idiopathic venous thromboembolism among non-users of replacement therapy was estimated to be 1.3 per 10 000 women per year. Among current users, idiopathic venous thromboembolism occurs at two to three times the rate in non-users, resulting in one to two additional cases per 10 000 women per year. Conclusions: Current use of hormone replacement therapy was associated with a higher risk of venous thromboembolism, although the risk seemed to be restricted to the first year of use.
A translated corpus of 30,000 French SMS

The development of communication technologies has contributed to the appearance of new forms in the written language that scientists have to study according to their peculiarities (typing or viewing constraints, synchronicity, etc). In the particular case of SMS (Short Message Service), studies are complicated by a lack of data, mainly due to technical constraints and privacy considerations. In this paper, we present a corpus of 30,000 French SMS collected through a project in Belgium named Faites don de vos SMS à la science (Give your SMS to Science). This corpus is unique in its quality, its size and the fact that the SMS have been manually translated into standard French. We will first describe the collection process and discuss the writers' profiles. Then we will explain in detail how the translation was carried out.
Indirect recognition of allopeptides promotes the development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy

Graft loss from chronic rejection has become the major obstacle to the long-term success of whole organ transplantation. In cardiac allografts, chronic rejection is manifested as a diffuse and accelerated form of arteriosclerosis, termed cardiac allograft vasculopathy. It has been suggested that T-cell recognition of processed alloantigens (allopeptides) presented by recipient antigen-presenting cells through the indirect pathway of allorecognition plays a critical role in the development and progression of chronic rejection. However, definitive preclinical evidence to support this hypothesis is lacking. To examine the role of indirect allorecognition in a clinically relevant large animal model of cardiac allograft vasculopathy, we immunized MHC inbred miniature swine with synthetic polymorphic peptides spanning the α1 domain of an allogeneic donor-derived swine leukocyte antigen class I gene. Pigs immunized with swine leukocyte antigen class I allopeptides showed in vitro proliferative responses and in vivo delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to the allogeneic peptides. Donor MHC class I disparate hearts transplanted into peptide-immunized cyclosporine-treated pigs not only rejected faster than unimmunized cyclosporine-treated controls (mean survival time = 5.5 +/−1.7 vs. 54.7 +/−3.8 days, P < 0.001), but they also developed obstructive fibroproliferative coronary artery lesions much earlier than unimmunized controls (<9 vs. >30 days). These results definitively link indirect allorecognition and cardiac allograft vasculopathy.
Self-reported physical activity validated by pedometer: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE The objective was to validate self-reported physical activity based on a daily activity record (DAR) with concurrent pedometer and 7-day physical activity-recall questionnaire data. DESIGN The design was a one-group descriptive correlational study. SAMPLE The sample consisted of 25 working women with a mean age of 39.8 years, 92% Caucasian, and 63% with a combined family income of 60,000 dollars or greater. MEASUREMENTS Three instruments: (a) DAR, a self-reported record of moderate or higher intensity physical activities including household, exercise, leisure, and occupational. Metabolic equivalent unit (MET) scores were calculated from the self-report data, (b) 7-day physical activity recall, and (3) Yamax pedometers (SW-701) measured number of steps. RESULTS MET scores based on the DAR (n=22) were strongly associated with both pedometer data (Spearman's rho=0.607, p=0.003) and 7-day physical activity-recall data (Spearman's rho=0.542, p=0.009). CONCLUSION The results of this validation study indicated a statistically significant correlation of self-reported physical activity (DAR) with pedometer values and 7-day physical activity-recall data. The DAR may be useful for measuring physical activity in community health programs and in community-based research.
Case Series of Successful Postoperative Pain Management in Buprenorphine Maintenance Therapy Patients

Buprenorphine maintenance therapy patients frequently have severe postoperative pain due to buprenorphine-induced hyperalgesia and provider use of opioids with limited efficacy in the presence of buprenorphine. The authors report good-to-excellent pain management in 4 obstetric patients using nonopioid analgesics, regional anesthesia, continuation of buprenorphine, and use of opioids with high μ receptor affinity.
Association of binge eating disorder and psychiatric comorbidity in obese subjects.

OBJECTIVE The authors determined the prevalence of binge eating disorder in a self-referred study group of moderately and severely obese subjects and investigated whether binge eating disorder was associated with psychiatric disorders, a history of psychotherapy, a family history of psychiatric illness, or a history of sexual abuse. METHOD They interviewed 89 obese women and 39 obese men (body mass index > 30 kg/m2) who were not currently in weight loss treatment, using the Binge Eating Disorder Clinical Interview, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R, and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders. RESULTS Forty-three (34%) of the subjects met criteria for binge eating disorder--33 women and 10 men. Black and white subjects had similar rates of binge eating disorder. Subjects with binge eating disorder were significantly more likely than those without the disorder to have a lifetime prevalence of a DSM-III-R axis I or axis II diagnosis and to have undergone psychotherapy or counseling. The lifetime rates of major depression, panic disorder, bulimia nervosa, borderline personality disorder, and avoidant personality disorder were all significantly higher in subjects with binge eating disorder. The rate of reported sexual abuse was not higher among subjects with binge eating disorder; however, they were significantly more likely to have a family history of substance abuse. The relative risks for psychiatric disorders were higher in both moderately and severely obese subjects with binge eating disorder than in those without the disorder. CONCLUSIONS Among both moderately and severely obese subjects, binge eating disorder is associated with higher rates of axis I and axis II psychiatric disorders.
Reliability and validity of the compliance belief scales among patients with heart failure.

BACKGROUND Lack of medication and dietary compliance leads to troublesome symptoms and hospitalization in patients with heart failure. Compliance behaviors are influenced by beliefs about the behavior. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Beliefs about Medication Compliance Scale (BMCS) and the Beliefs about Dietary Compliance Scale (BDCS) among patients with heart failure. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK This study's theoretical framework is the Health Belief Model. METHODS A convenience sample of 234 patients with heart failure completed the BMCS and the BDCS. Patients completed the scales at baseline by face-to-face interviews and at 8 and 52 weeks after baseline by telephone interview. RESULTS Construct validity of the scales was supported by confirmatory factor analysis. Both the BMCS and the BDCS had benefits and barriers scales with clear factor loadings. The internal consistency reliability estimates of the scales ranged from.63 to.88, with the BMCS having some estimates lower than.70. The test-retest reliability estimates ranged from.07 to.57. The intraclass correlation coefficient estimates were higher between the 8-week and 52-week scores for all scales. Possible reasons for the varying estimates are discussed. CONCLUSIONS The BMCS and the BDCS have documented reliability and validity. Future work should be directed at evaluating the responsiveness of the scales to changing patient conditions and testing interventions to improve medication and dietary compliance through changing beliefs.
MPB2C, a Microtubule-Associated Plant Protein Binds to and Interferes with Cell-to-Cell Transport of Tobacco Mosaic Virus Movement Protein1

The movement protein of tobacco mosaic virus, MP30, mediates viral cell-to-cell transport via plasmodesmata. The complex MP30 intra- and intercellular distribution pattern includes localization to the endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasmic bodies, microtubules, and plasmodesmata and likely requires interaction with plant endogenous factors. We have identified and analyzed an MP30-interacting protein, MPB2C, from the host plant Nicotiana tabacum. MPB2C constitutes a previously uncharacterized microtubule-associated protein that binds to and colocalizes with MP30 at microtubules. In vivo studies indicate that MPB2C mediates accumulation of MP30 at microtubules and interferes with MP30 cell-to-cell movement. In contrast, intercellular transport of a functionally enhanced MP30 mutant, which does not accumulate and colocalize with MP30 at microtubules, is not impaired by MPB2C. Together, these data support the concept that MPB2C is not required for MP30 cell-to-cell movement but may act as a negative effector of MP30 cell-to-cell transport activity.
Explainable AI: Beware of Inmates Running the Asylum Or: How I Learnt to Stop Worrying and Love the Social and Behavioural Sciences

In his seminal book `The Inmates are Running the Asylum: Why High-Tech Products Drive Us Crazy And How To Restore The Sanity' [2004, Sams Indianapolis, IN, USA], Alan Cooper argues that a major reason why software is often poorly designed (from a user perspective) is that programmers are in charge of design decisions, rather than interaction designers. As a result, programmers design software for themselves, rather than for their target audience, a phenomenon he refers to as the `inmates running the asylum'. This paper argues that explainable AI risks a similar fate. While the re-emergence of explainable AI is positive, this paper argues most of us as AI researchers are building explanatory agents for ourselves, rather than for the intended users. But explainable AI is more likely to succeed if researchers and practitioners understand, adopt, implement, and improve models from the vast and valuable bodies of research in philosophy, psychology, and cognitive science, and if evaluation of these models is focused more on people than on technology. From a light scan of literature, we demonstrate that there is considerable scope to infuse more results from the social and behavioural sciences into explainable AI, and present some key results from these fields that are relevant to explainable AI.
Livestock Management System

Abstract: Currently, advancements in farm automation and technological techniques contribute significantly to boosting farm productivity, with a notable focus on cattle health monitoring systems in research. This system encompasses infrastructure, hardware, and software components aimed at enhancing cattle health, crucial for overall farm productivity. Given the challenges posed by managing numerous cattle in dairy farms, continuous monitoring of individual health becomes imperative. Leveraging sensor technology to monitor vital signs such as temperature and heart rate allows for early detection of health issues, reducing the need for frequent health inspections and long-term healthcare costs for the animals.
Rehabilitation following bone marrow transplantation

Bone marrow transplantation and stem cell transplantation are increasingly used to treat hematologic malignancies and some solid tumors. The treatment entails bone marrow–ablative therapies and intensive medical support to sustain the patient through pancytopenia and other complications of the disease, transplantation process, or drug side effects. Patients who develop graft‐versus‐host disease are the most difficult subset of transplant recipients to manage. Most transplant recipients perform at normal or near‐normal functional levels at the inception of the transplantation process but are at high risk for developing functional deficits as a result of cumulative impairments. These impairments arise from their disease, their prior cancer treatment, transplant induction, graft‐versus‐host disease, immobility, infection, steroid‐related side effects, and other sequelae of transplantation. Preventive and preemptive rehabilitation interventions can minimize functional loss and facilitate recovery, but the transplantation team must be sensitive to and regularly assess for early functional declines in these patients. The physiatrist and the other members of the rehabilitation team must be thoroughly acquainted with the unique needs and challenges of the bone marrow transplantation population in order to design and modify treatment programs effectively and safely. Outcome research has shown that some patients have continued limitations in function despite successful transplantation. Few evidence‐based data are available that addresses factors correlating with poor functional outcomes other than graft‐versus‐host disease. However, this disease has not been investigated utilizing objective functional instruments. Future research should more clearly elucidate the functional impact of allogeneic and autologous transplants by using standardized physical performance measures as well as thorough function‐based symptomatology questionnaires. Cancer 2001;92:998–1007. © 2001 American Cancer Society.
Oxyntomodulin Differentially Affects Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor β-Arrestin Recruitment and Signaling through Gα

The glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor is a promising target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity, and there is great interest in characterizing the pharmacology of the GLP-1 receptor and its ligands. In the present report, we have applied bioluminescence resonance energy transfer2 assays to measure agonist-induced recruitment of βarrestins and G-protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) 2 to the GLP-1 receptor in addition to traditional measurements of second messenger generation. The peptide hormone oxyntomodulin is described in the literature as a full agonist on the glucagon and GLP-1 receptors. Surprisingly, despite being full agonists in GLP-1 receptor-mediated cAMP accumulation, oxyntomodulin and glucagon were observed to be partial agonists in recruiting βarrestins and GRK2 to the GLP-1 receptor. We suggest that oxyntomodulin and glucagon are biased ligands on the GLP-1 receptor.
Network Analysis in Archaeology: New Approaches to Regional Interaction, edited by Knappett Carl, 2013. Oxford: Oxford University Press; ISBN 978-0-19-969709-0 hardback £79 & US$135; xx + 350 pp., 1 chart, 65 figs., 36 tables

formed a coherent ‘system’ as opposed to something that developed piecemeal in response to changing circumstances. In pursuing a ‘grand strategy’ approach the authors might raise the spectre of Edward Luttwak’s Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire (1976) — now, of course, discredited for many. The authors try to have it both ways and, to an extent, are vindicated: their interpretations are nuanced and if there is any sense of an overarching strategic master plan, it is clear that this was mediated by dynamic political and military circumstances. The conclusion that there was a long chronology behind the ‘system’ of defence fossilized in the Burghal Hidage, with the notion of a Mercian ancestry to the burghal system, will doubtless be refined and perhaps challenged by others, but the case is made compellingly. Even a coherent programme of excavation on a well-chosen sample of burghal sites is unlikely to ever provide the sort of precise dating that would ever resolve these issues once and for all. Again, it is important to emphasise that medieval archaeologists need not aspire to answer questions posed and framed by historians. Overall, this study is certain to have much broader impacts and implications — for our understanding of early medieval states, settlements and royal power, and for illuminating comparable civil defence infrastructure elsewhere. That this volume’s publication was associated with another edited work by the same team (Reynolds et al. 2013) is a mighty achievement and sets the scene for wider searches for commonalities and contrasts in Western Europe and beyond. In short, it provides a new standpoint for future studies of the late Anglo-Saxon landscape and a new paradigm for understanding contemporary state-making.
Cure prevents more than transmission of hepatitis C virus

We thank Zhang et al. for their interest in our systematic review published in HEPATOLOGY. Unfortunately, the study by Eun et al. was published only in the form of an abstract, which makes determining patient allocation methods and incidence rates of outcomes challenging. In fact, another systematic review from China classified this study and reported its outcomes the same way we did. Fortunately, the results do not change whether the study by Eun et al. is included or excluded.