Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Parámetros biológicos de Meccus phyllosomus phyllosomus (Burmeister) 1835, de Triatoma recurva (Stål) 1868 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) y de sus híbridos de laboratorio

Introduction: Hybrids from species and subspecies of Mexican triatomines have shown outstanding biological and behavioral characteristics as compared with their parental groups. This could lead to an increasing risk of transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi to human and animal reservoir hosts. Objective: To describe and compare biological parameters related to the life cycle of Triatoma recurva , Meccus phyllosomus phyllosomus and their laboratory hybrids and estimate their risk as transmitters of T. cruzi to humans. Materials and methods: We kept a cohort of each one of the three groups ( T. recurva , M. p. phyllosomus and their hybrids) under similar laboratory conditions and then compared them to record the data related to their life cycles, number of blood meals to molt, mortality rates, egg eclosion rates and female fecundity. Results: The hybrid cohort showed the lowest mean time from first-instar nymph to adult (136.6 ± 17.5 days). The number of blood meals from molt to next instar (13.4 ± 1.7; 15.6 ± 5.2) was higher in the hybrid and T. recurva cohorts. The hybrid cohort showed the lowest mortality rate (29.5%) and the highest rate (70%) of adult females at the end of the biological cycle. Fecundity per day per female (range: 1.1 ± 0.6– 1.6 ± 0.7 eggs) was similar in the three cohorts. Egg hatching rate was higher than 70% in both hybrid and M. p. phyllosomus cohorts. Conclusion: The hybrid cohort showed some outstanding biological characteristics, which would entail a higher risk of transmission of T. cruzi to hosts than their parentals.
Pollinator dynamics: functional response and pollinators as a limiting plant population resource

Summary During recent years, much work has focused on which factors limit the reproductive success in plants. Several studies show a strong influence of either resource limitation, pollen limitation or a combined effect of both. The theoretical arguments for resource limitation are abundant, but there has been very little work done concerning the effect of pollinator availability. In this paper we construct a model to study how the reproductive success in plants is influenced by the foraging behaviour of the pollinators. The pollinator population is assumed to have a constant population density. A functional response function for the pollinators is derived. It is similar to a Holling type II functional response. It is shown that, since the pollinators are regulated by factors not included in the model and their capability to pollinate is limited by the functional response, this is sufficient for regulating the plant population. There also exists a threshold condition for the persistence of the plant population that depended on the search rate of the pollinators and the demographic parameters of the plant population. If this threshold condition is not satisfied the plant population cannot persist and will become extinct. If the condition is satisfied the plant population grows until it is limited at the equilibrium mentioned above.
Découverte et caractérisation d'une nouvelle forme de méthionyl-ARNt synthétase nucléaire chez la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae

La methionyl-ARNt synthetase (MetRS) de Saccharomyces cerevisiae aminoacyle les ARNt methionine initiateur et elongateur (ARNtiMet et ARNteMet), mais possede egalement des fonctions atypiques. Nous avons montre que la MetRS rejoint le noyau durant la transition diauxique afin de reguler la transcription des genes nucleaires des complexes III et V de la chaine respiratoire mitochondriale. Pour ce faire, la MetRS possede au moins deux signaux de localisation nucleaire (NLS) dans sa sequence, l’un se situant dans les 55 premiers acides amines (aa) et le second, au dela de la partie N-terminale lui permettant de recruter les sous-unites Rpb4 et Rpb7 de l’ARN pol II. Nous avons montre qu’en fermentation, la MetRS est clivee entre le 114eme et le 132eme aa et que cette forme clivee est essentielle a la viabilite des cellules, puisqu’un variant non clive (MetRSK11A) ne permet pas la croissance. Nous avons surproduit et purifie un mutant de la MetRS clivee (MetRSΔ142) et montre que ce variant est plus efficace pour l’aminoacylation de l’ARNtiMet que la forme entiere de MetRS. Ainsi, notre etude suggere que chez S. cerevisiae, la forme longue de MetRS cytoplasmique permet l’aminoacylation de l’ARNteMet, la forme longue de MetRS nucleaire regule la transcription, et la forme clivee de MetRS nucleaire et cytoplasmique permet l’aminoacylation de l’ARNtiMet
Characterization of Histone Mutants Associated with Mitotic Defects in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Nucleosomes, the basic unit and the building blocks of chromatin have an essential role in the tight packaging of DNA into higher order chromatin. Work from our lab and others have provided information on the contributions of different histone proteins and specific domains within the nucleosome made to create the centromeric chromatin structure required for normal chromosome segregation during mitosis. The DNA entry/exit site is a particular region of the nucleosome where histone H2A, H3 and H4 form critical interactions that appear to be essential for the association of Sgo1, a tension sensing protein that monitors kinetochore-microtubule attachment. In our study, we first characterized histone H2A mutants with respect to their chromosome segregation phenotypes. Three mutations that show such phenotypes were in the Cterminal region of H2A, which is located in the DNA entry/exit region of the nucleosome, in close proximity to H3 and H4 residues that show severe chromosome segregation defects when mutated. We then created a double mutant strain that incorporated two single mutations, one in H2A and one in H4, to study their combined effect in chromosome segregation and normal cell cycle progression. The H2A N115S residue, positioned in the C-terminal tail of histone H2A, and H4 K44Q, positioned in H4 L1 histone fold domain, both falling in the region of DNA entry/exit point of the nucleosome, were incorporated in our double mutant. We found that the incorporation of the H2A N115S mutation alleviated the growth defect of the H4 K44Q single mutant and fully suppressed its increase-in-ploidy phenotype. We also found that overexpression of Sgo1 suppressed the sensitivity of both single mutants and the double mutant to the microtubule depolymerizing drug benomyl. We conclude that histone-histone interactions within the DNA entry/exit point of the nucleosome are particularly important in chromosome segregation, most likely in establishing centromere-kinetochore attachments during mitosis. In addition, and consistent with a previously noted role of the DNA entry/exit point, this nucleosomal region creates a unique surface required for the recruitment of Sgo1, and perhaps other proteins, such as components of the CPC, required for normal microtubule attachment at
An enigmatic marine reptile, Hispaniasaurus cranioelongatus (gen. et sp. nov.) with nothosauroid affinities from the Ladinian of the Iberian Range (Spain)

Abstract An incomplete skull of a marine reptile with an atypical elongation of the postorbital region is described. The find comes from the Muschelkalk facies (Cañete Formation) of the Villora section (Iberian Range, Cuenca Province, Spain), characterised by a shallow marine (intertidal) environment and dated as Ladinian in age. The small skull has a rectangular shape, lacking, as preserved, upper temporal openings and a parietal foramen. The upper temporal openings might be secondarily closed. However, the absence of a parietal foramen and squamosals in the preserved part and the incompleteness of the pterygoids make a posteriorly postponed location of the upper temporal openings also conceivable. Teeth are all broken off but alveolar spaces indicate large and massive maxillary dentition. Micro-CT-data revealed a highly vascularised inner structure of the dorsal skull elements, which might indicate special feeding adaptations. Adding the new find to an existing phylogenetic analysis of Triassic marine reptiles reveals eosauropterygian, especially nothosauroid, affinities. However, morphological differences to nothosauroids justify the erection of a new genus and species for this enigmatic marine reptile. Its atypical morphology, without any extinct or modern analogue, fits well with the continuously increasing diversity of Triassic marine reptiles, exhibiting various specialised feeding strategies urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6D75AEC7-A5C5-4844-B71A-8215AB099134
INFLUÊNCIA DE DIFERENTES NÍVEIS DE FDN DIETÉTICO NO CONSUMO E DIGESTIBILIDADE APARENTE DE OVELHAS SANTA INÊS 1 Influence of different levels of dietetic ndf on the intake and apparent digestibility of Santa Inês ewes

RESUMOObjetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar a influencia de diferentes niveis de fibra em detergente neutro dietetico sobre oconsumo e digestibilidade aparente de ovelhas Santa Ines. Para isto foi realizado um ensaio de digestibilidade in vivo, no Setor deOvinocultura, do Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Lavras. Foram utilizadas 16 ovelhas adultas, nao gestantese nao lactantes, da raca Santa Ines, com peso vivo de 45,01 ± 2,15 kg, distribuidas em delineamento quadrado latino (4x4), com quatrotratamentos (8,67%; 17,34%; 26,01% e 34,69% de FDN forrageiro). Os tratamentos influenciaram as variaveis referentes ao consumode MS, MO, ED, EM, PB, PD, FDN e FDA, bem como os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da MS, MO e FDA. Ja oscoeficientes de digestibilidade de FDN e PB nao sofreram influencia dos tratamentos.Termos para indexacao: Carboidratos, fibra em detergente neutro, ingestao, ovinos.ABSTRACTThis research was carried out at the Sector of Ovinocultura of the Animal Science Department UFLA in order to investigatethe effect of different levels of Neutral Detergent Fiber ( NDF) in the diet fed ovine on nutrients intake and apparent digestibility ofthe diet and on the feeding behavior. A feeding behavior study and an in vivo digestibility assay were conducted to determine thenutrients intake and the apparent digestibility coefficient. Sixteen adults, not pregnant and not lactating, Santa Ines ewes weighting45,01 ± 2,15 kg were used. The experimental design was in a 4x4 latin square, with four treatments (8,67%; 17,34%; 26,01% and34,69% of forage NDF) and four periods. The intake of DM, OM, metabolizable energy, CP, digestible protein, NDF, digestible NDF,ADF and digestible ADF as well as the apparent digestibility of DM, OM and ADF were influenced by treatments tested. Thereforethe apparent digestibility of NDF and CP, were not influenced by treatments.Index terms: Carbohidrates, neutral detergent fiber, intake, ovine. (Recebido para publicacao em 15 de junho de 2004 e aprovado em 7 de junho de 2005)
Remote sensing as a tool to assess botanical composition, structure, quantity and quality of temperate grasslands

Grassland systems frequently exhibit small-scale botanical and structural heterogeneity with pronounced spatio-temporal dynamics. These features present particular challenges for sensor applications, in addition to limitations posed by the high cost and low spatial resolution of many available remote-sensing (RS) systems. There has been little commercial application of RS for practical grassland farming. This article considers the developments in sensor performance, data analysis and modelling over recent decades, identifies significant advances in RS for grassland research and practice and reviews the most important sensor types and corresponding findings in research. Beside improvements of single sensor types, the development of systems with complementary sensors is seen as a very promising research area, and one that will help to overcome the limitations of single sensors and provide better information about grassland composition, yield and quality. From an agronomic point of view, thematic maps of farm fields are suggested as the central outcome of RS and data analysis. These maps could represent the relevant grassland features and constitute the basis for various farm management decisions at strategic, tactical and operational levels. The overarching goal will be to generate low cost, appropriate and timely information that can be provided to farmers to support their decision-making.
Elucidating The Role Of Hepatic Ppp1r3b In Glucose And Lipid Metabolism

Genetic variants mapping to chromosome 8p23.1 have been associated with multiple metabolic traits in humans, including plasma constituents (glucose, lactate, insulin, HDL and non-HDL cholesterol), and hepatic steatosis with genome-wide significance. The closest gene of known function, PPP1R3B, (Protein Phosphatase 1 Regulatory Subunit 3B), encodes a protein (GL) that is known to regulate glycogen metabolism. We sought to test the hypothesis that hepatic PPP1R3B is the causal gene underlying the human genetic association with these metabolic attributes and to understand the mechanisms. We generated two separate mice with liver-specific deletion (Ppp1r3b∆hep) or liver-specific overexpression of Ppp1r3b. Hepatic deletion of Ppp1r3b significantly reduced glycogen levels and glycogen synthase activity in the liver, impairing fasting glucose homeostasis, and prompting early onset of non-carbohydrate metabolite utilization to sustain energy under long term fasting. Conversely, mice with overexpression of hepatic Ppp1r3b maintained augmented glycogen storage capacity, with larger glycogen pool creating a buffer towards delayed onset of hypoglycemia. Mice harboring deletion of hepatic Ppp1r3b exhibited glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, with increased hepatic triglyceride content, leading to hepatic steatosis, under chronic high sucrose feeding. In contrast, mice overexpressing hepatic Ppp1r3b remained glucose responsive, and insulin sensitive, and were protected from hepatic steatosis under chronic sucrose diet feeding. These studies implicate a major role of Ppp1r3b in glycogen and lipid homeostasis in the liver, and provide concrete evidence for its pleiotropic effect on metabolic state in a mammalian system, consistent with the human GWAS association. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Graduate Group Cell & Molecular Biology First Advisor DANIEL J. RADER
Comparison between Coefficients of Inbreeding Computed from Deficit of Heterozygotes for Codominant Autosomal Genetic Polymorphisms and from Isonymy data: A Study of Hvar Island Isolates, Croatia

The aim of this study was to compare the values of the coefficient of inbreeding determinated from isonymy data and the one determinated from deviation from Hardy-Weinberg expectations in phenotype (and genotype) frequencies of heterozygotes for codominant, biallelic autosomal genetic polymorphisms, in this case erythrocyte antigens of MN-system, S-system and Kell-system. The study was performed in a sample of Hvar island population, presumed to be highly inbred. The study involved a total of 593 marital pairs (1186 individuals) and a blood sample was collected from 968 of them (81, 6%). The value of inbreeding coefficient determinated from MN-system was 32, 2%, S-system 2, 6%, Kell system 13, 1% and from isonymy 2, 3%. The reasons for the underestimation of the inbreeding coefficient from isonymy data in subdivided populations are discussed, with special consideration to factors affecting effective size, Wahlundd principle, visible or invisible barriers to panmyxia, and surname drift over long time period.
EFFECT OF FORCE MOLTING ON EGG FERTILITY, HATCHABILITY PERCENTAGE AND CONCENTRATION OF ZN IN THE EGG COMPONENTS TRAITS OF BROILER BREEDER

K.A. Ali Email: Kasraw_abdulla@ yahoo.com This study was conducted (153 hens and 24 roosters) of broiler breeder (Ross308) at age 60 weeks. The study was carried out to investigate the effect of utilization of different levels of ZnO and addition of vitamin AD3E on concentration of Zn in the eggs components and egg fertility and hatchability percentage traits of Ross-308 broiler breeder hens at the 60 weeks of age. The experimental treatments were (T1: Control diet [without adding (ZnO) and vit. (AD3E)], T2: T1 + 2 g/kg of vit. (AD3E), T3: T1 + 25000 ppm of (ZnO), T4: T1 + 25000 ppm (ZnO) + 2 g/kg vit. (AD3E), T5: T1 + 30000 ppm (ZnO), T6: T1 + 30000 ppm (ZnO) + 2 g/kg vit. (AD3E), T7: T1 + 35000 ppm of (ZnO) and T8: T1 + 35000 ppm (ZnO) + 2 g/kg vit. (AD3E). The results obtained from this study were summarized as: The effects of interactions between treatments and age periods significantly (P<0.01) affected zinc concentration in the yolk and albumin of eggs and fertility (F) and total egg hatchability (TEH) percentage traits, but there are no significant effect on fertile egg hatchability (FEH) trait . The data were analyzed statistically by using tow-way of ANOVA with (SPSS-17 Package Program for Windows). Least Significant Difference tests (L.S.D) were used to determine the significance of difference among treatments means. Level of significance used in all results was (P<0.01) and all percentage data were converted Arcsines prior to analysis.
Application of silicon fertilizer affects nutritional quality of rice

To date, information regarding the effects of Si on rice ( Oryza sativa L.) nutritional quality is rarely reported. The current study was conducted to evaluate how Si fertilizer impacts the mineral element, protein and amino acid concentrations in brown and milled rice. The experiment was a randomized complete split-plot design, with Si treatments as main plot and two cultivars as subplot. Compared with the control, application of Si fertilizer significantly enhanced the Zn, Ca and Mg concentrations in brown and milled rice but had nonsignificant effects on the Fe, Mn and Cu concentrations. Moreover, application of Si fertilizer resulted in significant increases in the concentrations of protein and most of the amino acids in brown and milled rice. However, the Gly, His, Val, Met and Lys concentrations were unaffected by the application of Si. The responses of the Cys and Phe concentrations to Si fertilizer application were cultivar-dependent. Applying Si significantly increased Zn, Ca, Mg and protein concentrations by 21.77%, 25.77%, 7.25% and 6.19% in milled rice and by 25.18%, 39.81%, 9.24% and 5.52% in brown rice. These results indicate that Si fertilizer could improve rice nutritional quality by increasing concentrations of mineral elements, protein and some amino acids in brown and milled rice. ABSTRACT
The Neotropical otter Lontra longicaudis: a comprehensive update on the current knowledge and conservation status of this semiaquatic carnivore

The Neotropical otter Lontra longicaudis is a widespread semiaquatic carnivore living in a wide variety of environments in both fresh-water and salt-water ecosystems. We summarise the current knowledge on distribution, ecology, behaviour, evolution and conservation status of the species, and highlight the main threats that have been affecting it as well as priority actions for securing its survival. The current geographical range of Lontra longicaudis is discussed, as well as several efforts that have been made to update knowledge of the range. Throughout its known distribution area, the Neotropical otter has high genetic diversity, and recent molecular research suggests that variations in genetic diversity are related to geography. Taxonomic issues regarding the existence of subspecies persist, mainly due to limited sampling in key portions of the species’ range. Although the Neotropical otter is widely distributed in Latin America and has flexible behaviour, it is subjected to a variety of threats, which lead this otter to be officially considered Threatened in several countries within its geographical range. The species still faces an uncertain future due to the impact of human activities, thus justifying its classification as Near Threatened in the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List. The real level of human-otter conflicts and the impact of modified environments on Neotropical otter populations are still unclear, and must be a priority focus of future studies. There is an urgent need to increase our knowledge on aspects of the Neotropical otter's biology, such as reproduction, generation time, behaviour, physiology, distribution limits, sanitary aspects, evolution and taxonomy. Understanding these topics is vital to ensure the long-term survival of the species, both at the local and at the regional scale, as well as to provide the basis for environmental education actions involving local riverside human communities .
Forest offsets partner climate‐change mitigation with conservation

Are forest offsets an effective way to address climate change, and do they provide other benefits? In some climate-change mitigation policies, industries and individuals can purchase offsets that compensate for their greenhouse-gas emissions by reducing emissions elsewhere. However, offsets may undermine mitigation efforts, by potentially giving carbon credits for emissions reductions that would have occurred even without the offset program in place. We evaluate California's forest offset program – the first-ever legally enforceable “compliance” offset program for existing forests – to determine whether offsets (1) provide additional emissions reductions that would not have occurred without the program (called “additionality”) and (2) yield other benefits. We found that California's forest offset program, comprising a small portion of the state's mitigation portfolio, does not inhibit overall emissions reductions. Further, the program advances stringent “additionality” of emissions reductions through multiple mechanisms. Finally, mitigation through forest offsets can yield a suite of important co-benefits. Lessons from California's experience with forest offsets can help to inform other offset programs that are increasingly being developed around the world.
Seed Germination and Seedling Emergence of Blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides) as Affected by Non—Target-Site Herbicide Resistance

Seedling emergence traits of susceptible (S) and resistant (R) blackgrass subpopulations isolated from a single non—target-site resistant (NTSR) population were studied in controlled conditions. The seedling emergence of the R subpopulation was lower and slower than that of the S subpopulation, especially at low temperature and deep burial. The burial depth inhibiting final emergence by 50% for the R subpopulation was significantly lower than that of the S subpopulation at low temperature. The present study revealed that under suboptimal conditions the NTSR loci conferring herbicide resistance were correlated with a fitness cost in relation to seedling emergence traits. The results suggest that deep soil cultivation and delayed sowing of autumn-sown crops can hamper germination of the R more than of the S subpopulation and thus potentially reduce the prevalence of the R subpopulation in the blackgrass population. Nomenclature: Blackgrass, Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. ALOMY.
Risk of Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Damage to Continuous Corn in Virginia

Information on the risk of western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, damage to continuously-grown corn previously was lacking in Virginia, as well as other mid-Atlantic states. A field study was conducted in 1993 and 1994 comparing root damage, whole-plant yields, and silage quality in insecticide-treated and untreated sections of 32 continuous corn fields in Virginia. Approximately 28% of the fields had serious root damage exceeding a rating of 3.5 (1–6 scale) in sections not treated with a soil insecticide. Also, 19% of the fields had an economic loss in whole-plant yield due to corn rootworm feeding damage. Silage quality, as evidenced by percent crude protein and acid detergent fiber, was not significantly affected by corn rootworm feeding. Because much of the continuous corn acreage in Virginia is treated preventively with soil insecticides for corn rootworms, the results of this study suggest that a large percentage of this insecticide use is unnecessary.