Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Discussion about Sexuality Education in Schools

Sexuality education in schools continues to be a controversial issue although public debate has seemingly calmed in recent years. Dialogue about the value and purpose of sexuality education for adolescents can provide health education specialists a better understanding of public opinion and online discussion may be a potentially ideal way to foster these discussions. The purpose of this study was two-fold – to analyze college students’ perceptions of sexuality education in schools and to consider the unique context of online discussion about this topic and the influence of this format on discourse. A qualitative research design was used to analyze the content of five asynchronous online discussion forums about sexuality education in schools. Several themes emerged from the analysis including participants’ observations about the quality of sexuality education, what adolescents should be taught, parent and sibling roles, and the influence of the media. Xin and Feenberg’s four component model of computer-mediated communication was used to consider the value of online discussion. Reflections on the components led to the conclusion that online discussion produced vigorous and rich dialogue about sexuality
4 NEW MACHINE VISION APPLICATIONS IN GERMANY

The availability of robust sensing devices, powerful image processing hardware and advanced system design has increased the use of computer vision methods considerably. Image analysis methods based on static 2D binary-, grayleveland color images have become standard sensors for various applications in the biomedical field, the printing industry, industrial automation, navigation, remote sensing, office automa­ tion, etc. This paper reports about new machine vision applications in Germany resulting from the recent progress which has been made in this field. Since the complete spectrum of new machine vision applications cannot be covered we will limit ourselves to systems which are based on TV-like cameras and are primarily used for image analysis. The paper is structured by methodologies of image processing, like 3D Scene Analysis for Quality Control, Image Sequence and Motion Analysis, 3D Modelling, Knowledge Representation, and Human Interface techniques. The progress is illustrated by selected new applications which have recently been observed in this field in connection with products, prototypes, or concepts developed at research institutes and the industry in Germany.
Job Reallocation and Worker Reallocation in the ICT sector

In the aftermath of the 1997 economic crisis, the information and communication industry and industries utilizing related technology, usually referred to as “the ICT sector”, made a significant contribution to job creation in the Korean economy. The Korean government, for its part, swiftly responded by implementing policies to boost the ICT sector to generate more jobs. However, the over-investment in the global ICT industry and the resulting slump in recent years are increasingly undermining job security in this sector. The uncertain, variable, and fast-changing nature of the industry is also attributable to the growing job uncertainty. Even so, the ICT sector remains as the key to the dynamic economic growth and as the main driver of job creation in the Korean economy. ICT is becoming an important tool for creating ‘more and better jobs’. In the meantime, the information and communication technology, characterized by rapid pace of change, flexible production methods and a broad range of products, is further increasing the flexibility of the ICT labor market. On top of that, ‘creative destruction’, or the creation and termination of establishments, is rapidly in progress in the ICT sector. This is another factor making jobs more volatile, causing frequent worker reallocation in the labor market. Elimination of excess jobs can be painful, but in an evolving economy unproductive jobs need to be constantly replaced by more productive ones. This observation can also be applied in the case of worker reallocation. If too many workers leave their current jobs, human capital indispensable to those specific jobs can be lost, thus eroding economic performance. However, a reasonable level of worker reallocation is crucial to efficiently match workers with the right positions. But it is not easy to estimate the optimum level of job reallocation or the size of worker reallocation. We can only find out what kind of conditions will bring about the right level of reallocation by analyzing the relationship between job reallocation and worker reallocation. This research aims to find clues on how the labor market will evolve amid the transition into a digital economy by analyzing the characteristics of job reallocation driven by the dynamic change of creative destruction and their implications on the labor market and especially on worker reallocation. In particular, this research attempts to give a comprehensive analysis on job reallocation by establishing the 『Panel Data on Both Employers and Employees』, thus taking part in the worldwide research trend on job reallocation.
The effects of Islamic general senior secondary school principals ’ leadership ability on the effectiveness of madrasah-based management in Indonesia

The purpose of this survey study was to examine the effects of Islamic general senior secondary school (Madrasah Aliyah) principals’ leadership ability on the effectiveness of school (madrasah)based management. A proportional cluster random sample of 205 Principals from 33 districts / cities in North Sumatra, Indonesia was involved in the study. A questionnaire was used as a research instrument to collect the data. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and path analysis. The results of the study revealed that there was a significantly direct effect of Islamic general senior secondary school principals’ leadership ability on the effectiveness of school (madrasah)-based management in Islamic general senior secondary schools equivalent to general senior secondary school managed and run by the Ministry of the national education and culturein North Sumatra, Indonesia. This study provides information for policy makers, principals, parents, and teacher educators to understand how the policy of school (madrasah)-based management is implemented at the school level. Implications for practice and further research are also discussed.
Measuring Web Search Effectiveness: Rutgers at Interactive TREC

The purpose of this paper is multi-fold. We discuss methodologies and measures of effectiveness that, in our experience, mainly in the TREC Interactive track, have proven successful in painting an accurate picture of the user interaction when seeking information on the Web. We classify the measures and discuss the context s when they can be used. We attempt to provide guidelines as to which measures are appropriate in certain conditions. Measures of effectiveness Evaluation methods were not born with or created solely for Information Retrieval. The field of IR borrowed methodologies of scientific investigation from other areas of research, including experimental design, statistical analysis and a range of qualitative and quantitative measures, and also created its own, targeted at the specific tasks that it investigates. Effectiveness of a retrieval system is an ectosystem measure, related to the user’s satisfaction with the system output and the interaction outcome (Korfhage, 1997). Modern IR systems are complex systems expected to
Is the health of English babies worse in recessions ? ∗

This paper brings new evidence on the effect of unemployment on newborn health outcomes in England. It uses for the first time administrative data on hospital deliveries (Hospital Episodes Statistics) for the period 2003-2012 linked to data on unemployment rate measured at Middle Super Output Area (MSOA) level. In line with previous research for other developed countries, we find that an economic downturn has a positive effect on newborn health. However, when we consider mothers who have had at least two births, and introduce mother fixed effects the results are opposite, indicating that controlling for selection into fertility is crucial. This is particularly true for babies born to mothers who live in very deprived areas. Overall, a one-percentage point increase in the unemployment rate leads to an increase in low birth weight babies by 1.3 percent, an increase of preterm babies by 1.4 percent, and a decrease in fetal growth by 0.1 percent. We test potential mechanisms. When unemployment goes up, fertility goes down, but this decrease is less for women who live in the most deprived areas, who tend to have smaller babies and shorter pregnancies. Maternal age is not associated with a change in the unemployment rate, while the first antenatal health assessment is postponed indicating that the opportunity cost of attending prenatal care increases in a recession. Furthermore, the probability of stillbirth and of having a female baby increase in recessions indicating that there is selection in-utero, and our main results, if nothing else, are a lower bound of the ∗We thank Steve Bond, Mike Brewer, Sergi Jimenez, Gosia Poplawska, Birgitta Rabe, and Stuart Redding for helpful comments. We thank participants in the 2017 Barcelona GSE Summer Forum “Policy Evaluation in Health” and the American-European Health Economics Study Group II Edition for useful discussions. The information and opinions expressed reflect solely the opinions of the authors. All errors are our own. †Email address: elisabetta.decao@phc.ox. ac.uk; Address: University of Oxford, Centre for Health Service Economics & Organisation, Woodstock Road, OX2 6GG, Oxford, United Kingdom. Corresponding author.
Multi-criteria Analysis of Paraguay ’ s Productive Sector Transformation : An Economic Complexity View

Even thought that Paraguay has shown in the last decade an important economic growth, this one has not filtered to the general population given that it is based upon agricultural and livestock activities with limited added value. Nevertheless, the country has important comparative advantages, which can be used to boost the expansion of a more complex industrial sector. Within this context, we ask the question: how to efficiently invest limited resources in order to achieve sustainable economic development? Thus, in order to show how to build a more complex economy, we propose to combine the methods Product Space (PS) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to analyse and select productive sectors with better potential by taking into account already existing capabilities. We evaluate four economic sectors represented by the best product of each one and by considering economic, social, environmental, opportunity, and feasibility criteria. These sectors and products are: agriculture (soybeans), livestock (fresh meat), manufacturing (leathers and skins), and industry (electricity). The results show that the best alternative is to develop products that have more proximity to electricity. Finally, according to our combined EP-AHP approach, we recommend to boost the wood, aluminium, and agricultural machinery industries in this order of priority. In doing so, Paraguay could diversify its export basket and attain a more complex economy. Resumen— Aunque el Paraguay ha mostrado un crecimiento económico importante en la última década, tal crecimiento no se ha filtrado a la población general ya que se ha basado en actividades agropecuarias con un valor agregado limitado. Sin embargo, el paı́s cuenta con grandes ventajas comparativas que se podrı́an utilizar para fomentar la fuerte expansión de un sector industrial más complejo. Ante este escenario se ha instalado la pregunta de ¿cómo invertir de manera eficiente los recursos limitados para lograr un cambio hacia el desarrollo económico sustentable? De esta manera, este trabajo propone combinar los métodos de Espacio Producto (EP) y de Proceso Analı́tico Jerárquico (AHP), para realizar un análisis y una selección de los sectores productivos y ası́ elegir los bienes con mayor potencial teniendo en cuenta las capacidades existentes para evaluarlos y obtener la mejor alternativa para lograr una economı́a más compleja. Se evaluaron cuatro sectores económicos representados por el mejor producto de cada uno teniendo en cuenta criterios económicos, sociales, ambientales, de oportunidad y de factibilidad. Los sectores son: agrı́cola (soja); ganadero (carne fresca de animales); manufacturero (cuero y pieles) e industrial (energı́a eléctrica). Los resultados muestran que la mejor alternativa es desarrollar productos con mayor proximidad a la energı́a eléctrica. Finalmente realizando el análisis combinado EP-AHP, se recomienda impulsar las industrias de la madera, aluminio y máquinas agrı́colas en ese orden de prioridad con el fin de diversificar la canasta exportadora y lograr una economı́a más compleja.
A technology for a device prototyping based on electrodeposited thermoelectric V-VI layers

A work shared between the Laboratoire d'Electrochimie des Materiaux (LEM) and the Fraunhofer - Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques (IPM) led to propose a technology for the fabrication of thermoelectric devices based on electrodeposited V-VI layers. We present this device technology based on a two-wafer concept to control independently the properties of n and p-type bismuth telluride compounds. The electrodeposition technology was developed and performed by the LEM and showed the ability of depositing n-type layers on 4" structured wafers. The different steps of a technological route for a device with processes commonly used for microelectronics were defined and developed by the IPM. The wet chemical and reactive ion etching techniques were successfully applied onto the electroplated layers to structure the thermoelectric legs. Our work evidenced the ability to fabricate half-devices on 4" level by combining the electrodeposition of thermoelectric films and the structuring technologies. Bonding two complementary sides of a device together can finish the fabrication process. All the steps except the bonding technology were tested and have proven to be practicable.
Self-concatenated codes with self-iterative decoding for power and bandwidth efficiency

A self-concatenated code with interleavers is a concatenated coded scheme based on only one recursive convolutional code. An upper bound on bit error probability, averaged over all possible interleavers, using maximum-likelihood decoding is obtained. Design rules for the single convolutional code, that maximize the interleavers gain and the effective free distance are presented. Design rules are extended to nonbinary modulation for the design of self-concatenated trellis coded modulation. A low-complexity self-iterative decoding algorithm for the self-concatenated code for binary and nonbinary modulation is proposed.
LS PULSER FOR DEVELOPING AND CALIBRATING LONG-PULSE DIAGNOSTICS

The development of voltage and current probes [I] for measuring an electron beam's current and position associated with several microsecond-long pulses from advanced Linear Induction Accelerators requires a precision pulser that can deliver both high voltages and high currents to a diagnostics Test Line. Seven-stage, type-E PFNs have been utilized in both a transformer and 4-stage Marx (plus/minus) configuration. The resulting 50-ohm pulser delivers to the Test Line a repeatable 100 kV, ~ 2 J.LS flat-top (± 1%), 2.5 J.I. S FWHM pulse with a rise time of 500 ns and 175 ns for the transformer and Marx options, respectively. Methods of reducing the rise time for both options are discussed and modeled. The coaxial Test Line is insulated at up to two atmospheres with SF 6 and includes two transition regions to hold and test different diameter beam current and position monitors (BPMs). The center conductor incorporates both translation and tip/tilt with an accuracy of 100 J.Lm. Finally, the line is terminated in a matched radial resistor that provides a planar region at fields up to 40 kV/cm for the testing of voltage probes. Both the transformer and Marx options are modeled and compared to experimental results.
A System for Programming-in-the-large*

This paper describes Rigi, a model and a tool for programming-inthe-large. Rigi uses a graph model and abstraction mechanisms to structure and represent the information accumulated during the development process. The objects and relationships of the graph model represent system components and their dependencies. The objects can be arranged in aggregation and generalization hierarchies. The Rigi editor assists the designers, programmers, integrators, and maintainers in defining, manipulating, exploring, and understanding, the structure of large, integrated, evolving software systems. Rigi was designed to address three of the most difficult problems in the area of programming-in-the-large: the mastery of the structural complexity of large software systems, the effective presentation of development information, and the definition of pmcdures for checking and maintaining the completeness, consistency, and traceability of system descriptions. Thus, the major objective of Rigi is to effectively represent and manipulate the building blocks of a software system and their myriad dependencies, thereby aiding the development phases of the project.
Machine Learning Features for Malicious URL Filtering- The Survey

Malicious URL is the URL created for harmful purposes which contains spam, phishing, misleading applications like fake antiviruses or fake codecs. The use of this kind of URLs might lead to monetary loss, theft of sensitive information such as personal details or corporate data, disruption of operations, unauthorized access to system resources etc. Often these websites are built to look like a genuine website to deceive the users in installing malicious content in their systems. As per NetCraft January 2018 web server survey, there are 1.8 billion sites across 213 million unique domain names. According to Symantec Internet Security Threat Report 2018, 1 in 13 web requests lead to malware which is up 3% from 2016. Sudden rise of cyber-attacks in recent years makes this problem indispensable for both private and public organizations. The primary objective of the paper is to provide a near exhaustive set of meaningful features that can help professionals and practitioners to facilitate their own research and practical applications on malicious URL filtering. These features are systematically classified and described in keyword-based features, lexical features, content-based features (HTML and JavaScript), IP Address Properties based features, web-rank and score-based features. This paper also briefly discusses on how URL filtering techniques have evolved in the past. The paper talks about traditional techniques like blacklisting URLs, heuristic approaches while also highlighting the shortcomings of these approaches. We then touch upon newer machine learning based techniques like cosine similarity-based URL classification, Support Vector Machines and Neural Network based models.
Microelectronic interconnect modeling with a periodical lumped RLC-network

A modeling of high-speed microelectronic interconnections based on periodical resistor-inductor-capacitor (RLC) cells is presented in this paper. A theoretical investigation enabling one to determine the interconnect structure transfer function is established. The proposed theory is based on the use of the ABCD matrix product of elementary cells, constituting the whole interconnect structure. After extracting the constituting lumped elements R, L, and C, which model the considered interconnection, examples of the numerical validations were proposed, both in the frequency and time domains. It was demonstrated that by considering a structure comprised of 10 elementary segments in cascade, S-parameters and time-domain results were perfectly well correlated with the microstrip interconnection electromagnetic/circuit cosimulations performed with SPICE. It was verified that by considering input square wave data with several Gigasymbols/s rates, the introduced method enables the achieving of relative errors lower than 1% when the number of used cells is higher than 10. In addition, the sensitivity of the model in the function of the interconnect line length is investigated. The proposed model permits one to accurately predict the behavior of radio frequency/microelectronic interconnection responses for different signal integrity parameters of the interconnection line load values.
Toward An Unsupervised Colorization Framework for Historical Land Use Classification

We present an unsupervised colorization framework to improve both the visualization and the automatic land use classification of historical aerial images. We introduce a novel algorithm built upon a cyclic generative adversarial neural network and a texture replacement method to homogeneously and automatically colorize unpaired VHR images. We apply our framework on historical aerial images acquired in France between 1970 and 1990. We demonstrate that our approach helps to disentangle hard to classify land use classes and hence improves the overall land use classification.
ConsenSGX: Scaling Anonymous Communications Networks with Trusted Execution Environments

Abstract Anonymous communications networks enable individuals to maintain their privacy online. The most popular such network is Tor, with about two million daily users; however, Tor is reaching limits of its scalability. One of the main scalability bottlenecks of Tor and similar network designs originates from the requirement of distributing a global view of the servers in the network to all network clients. This requirement is in place to avoid epistemic attacks, in which adversaries who know which parts of the network certain clients do and do not know about can rule in or out those clients from being responsible for particular network traffic. In this work, we introduce a novel solution to this scalability problem by leveraging oblivious RAM constructions and trusted execution environments in order to enable clients to fetch only the parts of the network view they require, without the directory servers learning which parts are being fetched. We compare the performance of our design with the current Tor mechanism and other related works to show one to two orders of magnitude better performance from an end-to-end perspective. We analyse the requirements to actually deploy such a scheme today and conclude that it would only require a small fraction (<2.5%) of the relays to have the required hardware support; moreover, these relays can perform their roles with minimal network bandwidth requirements.