Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cataract surgery and dry eye disease: A review

Aim To review published literature concerning cataract surgery and dry eye disease (DED). Methods A search was undertaken using the following: PubMed (all years), Web of Science (all years), Ovid MEDLINE(R) (1946 to 12 December 2019), Ovid MEDLINE(R) Daily Update 10 December 2019, MEDLINE and MEDLINE non-indexed items, Embase (1974–2019, week 49), Ovid MEDLINE (R) and Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations and Daily (1946 to 12 December 2019), CENTRAL (including Cochrane Eyes and Vision Trials Register; Cochrane Library: Issue 12 of 12 December 2019), metaRegister of Controlled Trials (mRCT) (www.controlled-trials.com), ClinicalTrials.gov (www.clinicaltrial.gov) and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (www.who.int/ictrp/search/en). Search terms included ‘cataract surgery’, ‘phacoemulsification’ and ‘cataract extraction’, combined with ‘dry eyes’ and ‘ocular surface’. Relevant in-article references not returned in our searches were also considered. Results Publications identified included systematic reviews, meta-analysis, randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case series and laboratory-based studies. Published data highlighting the burden of DED both prior and following cataract surgery were reviewed as well as studies highlighting the effects of cataract surgery on the ocular surface, intra-operative measures to reduce deleterious effects on the ocular surface and current evidence on the management options of post-operative DED. Conclusions DED is common and can be exacerbated by cataract surgery. Ophthalmologists need to assess for pre-existing DED and instigate treatment before surgery; be aware of reduced accuracy of measurements for surgical planning in the presence of DED; limit intra-operative surgical factors damaging to the ocular surface; and consider management to reduce DED post-operatively.
Evidence of two genetically deeply divergent species of warthog, Phacochoerus africanus and P. aethiopicus (Artiodactyla: Suiformes) in East Africa

Two species of warthogs (Phacochoerus), differing by the number of functional incisors, were described in the Holocene fossil record: the common warthog (P. africanus), widespread in sub-Sahar-an Africa, and the Cape, or desert warthog (P. aethiopicus), which was considered extinct since 1896, but was recently rediscovered in East Africa by morphological analyses. Mitochondrial and single-copy nuclear DNA sequences show that common and desert warthogs belong to two deeply divergent monophyletic lineages, that might have originated in the last part of the Pliocene. The finding of two genetically divergent extant species of warthogs highlights the importance of molecular methods applied to the knowledge and conservation of biodiversity in Africa, to uncover the tempo and mode of its species evolution.
Investigation of intact mouse cochleae using two‐photon laser scanning microscopy

The investigation of cochlear hair cells and lateral wall is a time‐consuming and labor‐intensive process. However, it is a mandatory experiment in audiology research. Here we suggest a novel method for investigating the inner ear microstructures from intact cochleae using two‐photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM). This technique guarantees fewer artifacts and technical simplicity.
Evaluating hydrodynamics in a bioreactor with liquid phase dispersion in the gas phase

Abstract Bioreactors are used in many biochemical industries to produce commercial life products such as medicines, enzymes, perfumes, paints and antibiotics. In the presented study, a specially shaped bioreactor has been designed, built and operated to increase the mass transfer coefficient. The constructed bioreactor, according to type of microorganisms, can provide high amounts of oxygen or carbon dioxide. Moreover, the manuscript was aimed at investigating the hydrodynamic properties of the bioreactor. The bioreactor was constructed from three parts including shower in upper part, middle section for mass transfer and bottom section as a reservoir. Liquid flow rate, shower holes diameter, aeration velocity and the middle part height of the bioreactor have been studied as factors influencing the hydrodynamics. The results showed that the highest mass transfer coefficient was 30.1 1/h which was achieved when the liquid flow rate, the shower holes diameter, aeration velocity and middle part height of the bioreactor were 280 mL/min, 2 mm, 0.03 vvm and 60 cm, respectively.
Study on key technologies of multispectral color reproduction

Based on the radical defects of chromaticity color reproduction technology and current color management technology, a new theoretical and technology way of multi-spectral color reproduction was put forward. And the essence of multi-spectral color reproduction technology was deeply analyzed and a quite complete frame of theoretical technology was sketched. Then it analyzed seven key technologies of multi-spectral color reproduction deeply, that was, the design of multi-spectral color reproduction system, the acquisition of multi-spectral image, the fusion of multi-spectral image, the reconstruction of spectral reflectance, dimension reduction of multi-spectral image, algorithm and model development of spectrum color separation and the spectral color management technology. Meanwhile, it pointed out the approach and prospect of the study on multi-spectral color reproduction technology.
How much of the BOLD-fMRI signal can be approximated from simultaneous EEG data: relevance for the transfer and dissemination of neurofeedback interventions

Objective. fMRI-based neurofeedback (NF) interventions represent the method of choice for the neuromodulation of localized brain areas. Although we have already validated an fMRI-NF protocol targeting the facial expressions processing network (FEPN), its dissemination is hampered by the economical and logistical constraints of fMRI-NF interventions, which may be however surpassed by transferring it to EEG setups, due to their low cost and portability. One of the major challenges of this procedure is then to reconstruct the BOLD-fMRI signal measured at the FEPN using only EEG signals. Because these types of approaches have been poorly explored so far, here we systematically investigated the extent at which the BOLD-fMRI signal recorded from the FEPN during a fMRI-NF protocol could be reconstructed from the simultaneously recorded EEG signal. Approach. Several features from both scalp and source spaces (the latter estimated using continuous EEG source imaging) were extracted and used as predictors in a regression problem using random forests. Furthermore, three different approaches to deal with the hemodynamic delay of the BOLD signal were tested. The resulting models were compared with the only approach already proposed in the literature that uses spectral features and considers different time delays. Main results. The combination of linear and non-linear features (particularly the largest Lyapunov exponent and entropy measures) projected into the source space, spatially filtered by independent component analysis (ICA) and convolved with multiple HRF functions peaking at different latencies, increases significantly the reconstruction accuracy (defined as the correlation between the measured and approximated BOLD signal) from 20% (direct comparison with the method used in the current literature) to 56%. Significance. With this pipeline, a more accurate reconstruction of the BOLD signal can be obtained, which will positively impact the transfer of fMRI-based neurofeedback interventions to EEG setups, and more importantly, their dissemination and efficacy in modulating the activity of the desired brain areas.
Evaluation of two timesaving techniques for processing benthic invertebrate samples for estimating secondary production

Abstract We compared the accuracy, precision, and efficiency of 2 timesaving techniques to a standard laboratory procedure for processing benthic samples used to estimate secondary production. In the coarse-sieve technique, production was quantified from invertebrate biomass collected in a 2-mm sieve and corrected for retention probabilities of individual organisms. In the sieve-fractionated technique, production per sieve was quantified from the total biomass and average body mass of organisms collected in a geometric series of 9 sieves. Production estimates for the entire assemblage (coarse-sieve: r2 = 0.96, sieve-fractionated: r2 = 0.99, n = 57) and for individual taxa (coarse-sieve: r2 = 0.84, n = 308; sieve-fractionated: r2 = 0.99, n = 544) were strongly related to production estimates derived from standard processing techniques. The analytical error introduced by coarse-sieve (entire assemblage: residual mean square [RMS] = 0.014, individual taxa: RMS = 0.001) and sieve-fractionated (entire assemblage: RMS = 0.070, individual taxa: RMS = 0.0004) techniques was insignificant relative to the variance of production estimates among replicates (entire assemblage = 0.150, individual taxa = 0.329). Coarse-sieve and sieve-fractionated techniques required, on average, only 18% and 63% of the time required for standard processing, respectively, but coefficients of variation for production means of the entire assemblage differed by <1% between standard and timesaving techniques. These timesaving techniques for processing benthic samples increase the feasibility of studies of secondary production that require multiple sampling sites and dates, and thus, should further our understanding of the mechanisms that control stream productivity.
Vigilance behaviour and use of rocks by Columbian ground squirrels

During June and July 1986 at Skull Mountain, British Columbia, observations of Columbian ground squirrels (Spermophilus columbianus) were conducted to examine the relationship between vigilance behaviour and use of rocks. Most vigilance behaviour (looking and scanning) of Columbian ground squirrels occurs near burrows, and rocks near burrows are used to increase the distance of visibility, particularly following alarm calls. During both nonalarm and postalarm periods, adults and juveniles do not differ in the frequency of use of rocks, but do differ in how they allocate their time while on rocks. During nonalarm periods adults use rocks more for vigilance than do juveniles, whereas juveniles spend more time in other activities such as grooming and playing. After alarms, adults and juveniles on rocks spend almost equal amounts of time vigilant, but adults spend more time scanning (vertical posture with forepaws raised off the ground) while juveniles spend more time looking (head raised, but with forepaws o.
HierarX : un outil pour la découverte de hiérarchies dans des espaces hyperboliques à partir de similarités

Cet article introduit l'outil HierarX, permettant de projeter des don-nees dans des espaces hyperboliques : Lorentz ou Poincare. A partir de similari-tes entre des mots ou de leur representation dans des espaces de grandes dimensions , HierarX incorpore des connaissances dans des geometries hyperboliques de petites dimensions. Ces dernieres ont la particularite de representer l'informa-tion sous forme de hierarchies continues. Ce travail presente le fonctionnement de HierarX ainsi que ses principaux cadres d'utilisation.
Effect of Lectins and the Mixing of Proteins on Rate of Protein Digestibility

The rate of digestibility of protein in raw bean extract (RBE), heat-treated bean extract (HBE), casein and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was determined. The pepsin and/or pancreatin hydrolysis of RBE which contains lectins or hemagglutinins was less than that of other proteins. Addition of lectins at the same concentration present in RBE decreased the rate of digestion of HBE, casein and BSA to levels close to that of RBE. In comparison with the respective single proteins, mixtures of RBE or HBE with casein have lower digestibilities while a mixture of casein and BSA, higher digestibilities. The results suggest that lectins can affect the activity of digestive enzymes and that mixing of proteins has an effect on digestibility which is unpredicted by amino acid composition.
A timeline of female stress urinary incontinence: how technology defined theory and advanced treatment

Prevailing theories and treatments of female stress urinary incontinence are built on 120 years of evolution in understanding the structure and function of the female bladder neck and urethra and of considering why treatments failed. In our management of patients, it is important to understand and appreciate how our management of female stress urinary incontinence has evolved and which treatments have prevailed as we advance our knowledge for future treatments.
Biomarkers of male hypogonadism in childhood and adolescence

Abstract Objectives The objective of this review was to characterize the use of biomarkers of male hypogonadism in childhood and adolescence. Contents The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is active during fetal life and over the first months of postnatal life. The pituitary gland secretes follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), whereas the testes induce Leydig cells to produce testosterone and insulin-like factor 3 (INSL), and drive Sertoli cells to secrete anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B. During childhood, serum levels of gonadotropins, testosterone and insulin-like 3 (INSL3) decline to undetectable levels, whereas levels of AMH and inhibin B remain high. During puberty, the production of gonadotropins, testosterone, and INSL3 is reactivated, inhibin B increases, and AMH decreases as a sign of Sertoli cell maturation. Summary and outlook Based on our knowledge of the developmental physiology of the HPG axis, these biomarkers can be used in clinical practice to interpret the physiopathology of hypogonadism. Additionally, these markers can have diagnostic value in different forms of hypogonadism that may appear during childhood and adolescence.
Metformin’s Modulatory Effects on miRNAs Function in Cancer Stem Cells—A Systematic Review

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been reported in various hematopoietic and solid tumors, therefore, are considered to promote cancer progression, metastasis, recurrence and drug resistance. However, regulation of CSCs at the molecular level is not fully understood. microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as key regulators of CSCs by modulating their major functions: self-renewal capacity, invasion, migration and proliferation. Various studies suggest that metformin, an anti-diabetic drug, has an anti-tumor activity but its precise mechanism of action has not been understood. The present article was written in accordance to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. We systematically reviewed evidence for metformin’s ability to eradicate CSCs through modulating the expression of miRNAs in various solid tumors. PubMed and MEDLINE were searched from January 1990 to January 2020 for in vitro studies. Two authors independently selected and reviewed articles according to predefined eligibility criteria and assessed risk of bias of included studies. Four papers met the inclusion criteria and presented low risk bias. All of the included studies reported a suppression of CSCs’ major function after metformin dosage. Moreover, it was showed that metformin anti-tumor mechanism of action is based on regulation of miRNAs expression. Metformin inhibited cell survival, clonogenicity, wound-healing capacity, sphere formation and promotes chemosensitivity of tumor cells. Due to the small number of publications, aforementioned evidences are limited but may be consider as background for clinical studies.
SAMHD1‐mediated dNTP degradation is required for efficient DNA repair during antibody class switch recombination

Sterile alpha motif and histidine‐aspartic acid domain‐containing protein 1 (SAMHD1), a dNTP triphosphohydrolase, regulates the levels of cellular dNTPs through their hydrolysis. SAMHD1 protects cells from invading viruses that depend on dNTPs to replicate and is frequently mutated in cancers and Aicardi–Goutières syndrome, a hereditary autoimmune encephalopathy. We discovered that SAMHD1 localizes at the immunoglobulin (Ig) switch region, and serves as a novel DNA repair regulator of Ig class switch recombination (CSR). Depletion of SAMHD1 impaired not only CSR but also IgH/c‐Myc translocation. Consistently, we could inhibit these two processes by elevating the cellular nucleotide pool. A high frequency of nucleotide insertion at the break‐point junctions is a notable feature in SAMHD1 deficiency during activation‐induced cytidine deaminase‐mediated genomic instability. Interestingly, CSR induced by staggered but not blunt, double‐stranded DNA breaks was impaired by SAMHD1 depletion, which was accompanied by enhanced nucleotide insertions at recombination junctions. We propose that SAMHD1‐mediated dNTP balance regulates dNTP‐sensitive DNA end‐processing enzyme and promotes CSR and aberrant genomic rearrangements by suppressing the insertional DNA repair pathway.
Is Cybersecurity a Team Sport? A Multilevel Examination of Workgroup Information Security Effectiveness

Organizations maintain their desired level of cybersecurity by evaluating the information security (ISec) effectiveness of their organizational units. Numerous ISec studies have delved into examining individual compliance, yet studies that develop an understanding about achieving the desired effect of the workgroup ISec have been scarce in the literature. Against this backdrop, this research note draws on the input–process– output framework to take a multilevel approach and examines how an individual security factor (“individual self-efficacy”) and two core workgroup mechanisms (“workgroup collective efficacy” and “security knowledge coordination”) can together affect workgroup information security effectiveness (WISE). Using a survey, data for the independent variables of the study was collected from 68 branch offices (with 536 employees in total) of a law enforcement agency in South Korea. Separately, for WISE, we obtained the branch offices’ annual security assessment scores from the organization. The results reveal the cross-level nature of WISE, suggesting that group mechanisms significantly mediate the relationship between individual self-efficacy and WISE. The results support the view that group mechanisms are important in ISec management and need to be considered alongside the individual-level analysis in the pursuit of workgroup ISec performance. The findings provide insightful implications for both theory and practice.
Daucosterol linolenate from Sweet Potato Suppresses MCF7-Xenograft-Tumor Growth through Regulating PI3K/AKT Pathway

Abstract Sweet potato is a functional food with potential antitumor properties, but the bioactive constituents and biological mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the antitumor effect of daucosterol linolenate extracted from sweet potato and its potential mechanism. An MTT assay indicated that DLA inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer MCF-7 cells but had only weak effects on the proliferation of MDA-MB-231, 4T1, and MCF-10A cells. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that daucosterol linolenate induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells. Experiments with MCF-7 xenograft in nude mice further confirmed that DLA inhibited tumor growth dose-dependently. After DLA treatment, the expressions of B-cell lymphoma 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor were decreased and that of cleaved caspase 3 was increased as compared to the TC group. DLA also down-regulated the expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B and repressed insulin-induced phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B activation. Our findings suggest that DLA suppresses breast tumor growth through inactivating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway.
Dispersion and foraging of the Small Indian mongoose, Herpestes auropunctatus (Carnivora: Viverridae) relative to the evolution of social viverrids

The Small Indian mongoose in Fiji is sedentary, solitary and has overlapping home ranges. It is highly predaceous with 60 % by weight of the prey being vertebrate. It is argued that while social groups in cats, hyenas and dogs allow exploitation of large prey, in viverrids they allow group defence.
Assessment of Periodontal Status Based on Carotid Artery Intima Media Thickness

Purpose: Atherosclerosis is a devastating disease worldwide since it is the most frequent cause of myocardial infarction, stroke, renal failure, peripheral vascular disease and perhaps dementia. There is a well-documented evidence supporting the association between clinical/subclinical atherosclerosis and periodontitis. Carotid intima media wall thickness (CIMT) is a histopathologically validated marker of atherosclerosis. This study’s purpose was to assess periodontal status based on carotid artery intima media thickness.
Evidence for polyamine, biogenic amine, and amino acid adduction resulting from metabolic activation of diosbulbin B.

Dioscorea bulbifera L. (DBL), a traditional Chinese medicine, is a well-known herb with hepatotoxicity, and the biochemical mechanisms of the toxic action remain unknown. Diosbulbin B (DSB), a major component of DBL, can induce severer liver injury which requires cytochrome P450-catalyzed oxidation of the furan ring. It is reported that a cis-enedial reactive intermediate resulting from metabolic activation of DSB can react with thiols and amines to form pyrrole or pyrroline derivatives. In this study, we investigated the interaction of the reactive intermediate with polyamines, biogenic amines, and amino acids involved in polyamine metabolic pathway, including putrescine, spermidine, spermine, histamine, arginine, ornithine, lysine, glutamine, and asparagine. Seven DSB-derived amine adducts were detected in microsomal incubations supplemented with DSB and individual amines. Six adducts were observed in cultured rat primary hepatocytes after exposure to DSB. DSB was found to induce apoptosis and cell death in time- and concentration-dependent manners. Apparently, the observed apoptosis was associated with the detected amine adduction. The findings facilitate the understanding of the mechanisms of toxic action of DSB.
Effect of Cancer on Clinical Outcomes of Patients With COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis of Patient Data

PURPOSE Whether cancer is associated with worse prognosis among patients with COVID-19 is unknown. We aimed to quantify the effect (if any) of the presence as opposed to absence of cancer on important clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19 by carrying out a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, medRxiv, COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19), and references of relevant articles up to April 27, 2020, to identify observational studies comparing patients with versus without cancer infected with COVID-19 and to report on mortality and/or need for admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). We calculated pooled risk ratios (RR) and 95% CIs with a random-effects model. The meta-analysis was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020181531). RESULTS A total of 32 studies involving 46,499 patients (1,776 patients with cancer) with COVID-19 from Asia, Europe, and the United States were included. All-cause mortality was higher in patients with versus those without cancer (2,034 deaths; RR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.33 to 2.07; P < .0001; 8 studies with 37,807 patients). The need for ICU admission was also more likely in patients with versus without cancer (3,220 events; RR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.31 to 1.87; P < .0001; 26 studies with 15,375 patients). However, in a prespecified subgroup analysis of patients > 65 years of age, all-cause mortality was comparable between those with versus without cancer (915 deaths; RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.41; P = .71; 8 studies with 5,438 patients). CONCLUSION The synthesized evidence suggests that cancer is associated with worse clinical outcomes among patients with COVID-19. However, elderly patients with cancer may not be at increased risk of death when infected with COVID-19. These findings may inform discussions of clinicians with patients about prognosis and may guide health policies.