Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Depressive Episode With Catatonic Features in a Case of Mitochondrial Myopathy, Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-Like Episodes (MELAS)

Three months previously, a 17-year-old girl had complained of right-hand side hemiparesis, and her brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a signal change in the left temporoparietooccipital area. The 3243A>G mutation was found in mitochondrial DNA. She was diagnosed with mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) and was prescribed dichloroacetic acid to treat lactic acidosis. Her health improved. Two months later, she developed drowsiness and generalized weakness. A New lesion was not found on brain MRI, and electrodiagnostic findings were compatible with acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy. Her negative symptoms, such as depressed mood, loss of interest in activities, psychomotor retardation, and hypersomnia, were aggravated. She was prescribed antidepressants and psychostimulants by a psychiatrist after diagnosis of severe depression episode with catatonic features. One month later, her catatonic condition had improved with medication. Our experience shows that psychiatric diagnostic evaluation of abruptly regressed neurologic and clinical features is important, even in a patient with devastating underlying disease.
Wireless ATM and Ad-Hoc Networks: Protocols and Architectures

From the Publisher: ATM is regarded as the next high speed multimedia networking paradigm. Mobile computing, which is a confluence of mobile communications, computing and networks, is changing the way people work. Wireless ATM combines wireless and ATM technologies to provide mobility support and multimedia services to mobile users. Wireless ATM and Ad-Hoc Networks: Protocols and Architectures, a consolidated reference work, presents the state of the art in wireless ATM technology. It encompasses the protocol and architectural aspects of Wireless ATM networks. The topics covered in this book include: mobile communications and computing, fundamentals of ATM and Wireless ATM, mobile routing and switch discovery, handover protocol design and implementation, mobile quality of service, unifying handover strategy for both unicast and multicast mobile connections, and roaming between Wireless ATM LANs. A novel routing protocol for ad-hoc mobile networks (also known as Cambridge Ad-hoc) is also presented in this book along with information about ETSI HIPERLAN, the RACE Mobile Broadband System, and SUPERNET. This timely book is a valuable reference source for researchers, scientists, consultants, engineers, professors and graduate students working in this new and exciting field.
Use of Tactile Maps by Blind and Visually Impaired People

Most research on tactile maps has focused on aspects of map design and methods of construction. Relatively little attention has been paid to the way in which blind and visually impaired people actually use tactile maps for everyday way finding tasks. This paper reports on studies carried out in Madrid and Sheffield which consider how people gain spatial knowledge from tactile maps. In the Madrid study, participants were introduced to an urban area by one of three instructional methods: direct experience, tactile map or verbal description. Those who learned the area with the map were considerably more proficient in following the route unguided than were participants who received the other two instructional methods. However the different methods had little effect on the participants' overall representation of the space. It is possible that the map reading strategies used by the participants were effective for gaining practical route-based knowledge but did not give the participants an overall spatial representation of the area. To explore this possibility further, the Sheffield study considered the effect of individual differences in map reading strategies on the type of mental representation which visually impaired people acquire from a tactile map. It was found that those participants who acquired an accurate and full representation of the map used different map learning strategies from those who performed less well. We suggest implications of these studies for the education and rehabilitation of blind and visually impaired people.
Interpolation-based digital quadrature frequency synthesizer

A novel quadrature sinusoid synthesizer is designed. This synthesizer is algorithmic in nature and requires no memory look-up table. Possible uses include conversion in RF based systems. This design is compared with a phase-accumulator based synthesizer and found to be optimal in area, transistor count, and spurious noise.
Yield and reliability of MNOS EEPROM products

MNOS electrically erasable and programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) products have been manufactured using 2- mu m CMOS fabrication technology, in which MNOS memory devices are composed of a 1.6-nm tunnel SiO/sub 2/ layer and a 28-nm Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ layer. The Hitachi MNOS EEPROM family consists of a 64-kb EEPROM with static random access memory (SRAM) timing and three EEPROM on-chip microcomputers. Electrical and quality tests establish two basic reliability features: ten-year data retention and 10/sup 5/ erase/write cycle endurance. The MNOS EEPROM family yield has reached the same high level as that of SRAM products fabricated with the same 2- mu m CMOS technology. In addition, high-density low-cost MNOS EEPROM products are possible because of the high scalability and high yield attributable to their simple cell structure. >
Finding Appropriate Lexical Diversity Measurements for Small-Size Corpus

In the present investigation four kinds of lexical diversity measurement have been applied to the sets of word chunks with monotone increasing size. The computational experiment with corpus processing and statistical test has been conducted to find out the most effective lexical diversity measurement in evaluating a small-sized corpus of 350~550 words, and the result shows that D-estimate is the most appropriate among the four lexical diversity measurements which are considered in this research. Also D-estimate shows more stable results than other measurements when the number of words varies between texts.
A novel algorithm for extracting knowledge based on mining multi-level sequential patterns

In this paper, we consider the problem of finding sequential patterns in multi-levels, with aid of candidate generate and test approach. Based on this technique, many sequential pattern algorithms have been developed, but few of them have paid attention to multi-level concept. We thus purpose a new efficient algorithm, called dynamic vertices levelwise (DVlw) for mining multi-level sequence patterns. It uses the same principals as other candidate generation and test algorithms but handles multi-levelled property for sequences prior to and separately from the testing and counting steps of candidate sequences. Empirical evaluation using synthetic data indicates that the proposed algorithm performs significantly faster than a state-of-the-art algorithm with this approach.
Neurocomputing with optical pipeline networks

The authors present techniques for realizing connectionist-style neurocomputations on Opcom, an optical computer architecture based on the pipeline networking concept. The primary operation mode of Opcom is massively parallel and pipeline processing at the gate level. Special attention is paid to the implementation of the two most important functions of any neural network: learning and search (retrieval). The architecture of Opcom, the implementation of neural networks in Opcom, and the search process are discussed. The implementation of a supervised learning procedure, the pocket algorithm, is shown. Research results are summarized. <<ETX>>
Line matching for automatic change detection algorithm

During foreign operations, Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) are one of major threats that soldiers may unfortunately encounter along itineraries. Based on a vehicle-mounted camera, we propose an original approach by image comparison to detect signicant changes on these roads. The classic 2D-image registration techniques do not take into account parallax phenomena. The consequence is that the misregistration errors could be detected as changes. According to stereovision principles, our automatic method compares intensity proles along corresponding epipolar lines by extrema matching. An adaptive space warping compensates scale dierence in 3D-scene. When the signals are matched, the signal dierence highlights changes which are marked in current video.
MATLAB library LIBRA

LIBRA stands for ‘library for robust analysis. ’ It is a MATLAB toolbox mainly containing implementations of robust statistical methods. Robust statistics is involved with the detection of aberrant observations, also called outliers. The aim of robust statistical methods is to provide estimates which are not affected by the nonregular observations and which are then able to pinpoint the outliers. The robust methods implemented in LIBRA nowadays cover: univariate location, scale (Qn) and skewness estimation (Medcouple), covariance estimation (FAST MCD), regression (FAST‐LTS, MCD regression, depth quantiles), principal component analysis (RAPCA, ROBPCA), principal component regression (RPCR), partial least squares regression (RSIMPLS), classification (RDA, RSIMCA) and several methods to deal with skewed data. Besides that, the toolbox contains various methods for cluster analysis, many graphical diagnostic tools, and classical equivalents of several implemented methods. Only a few of the recently added methods will be highlighted in this paper. The features of the LIBRA functions will be illustrated by means of some real data sets. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fast registration of laser scans with 4-point congruent sets - what works and what doesn't

Abstract. Sampling-based algorithms in the mould of RANSAC have emerged as one of the most successful methods for the fully automated registration of point clouds acquired by terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). Sampling methods in conjunction with 3D keypoint extraction, have shown promising results, e.g. the recent K-4PCS (Theiler et al., 2013). However, they still exhibit certain improbable failures, and are computationally expensive and slow if the overlap between scans is low. Here, we examine several variations of the basic K-4PCS framework that have the potential to improve its runtime and robustness. Since the method is inherently parallelizable, straight-forward multi-threading already brings down runtimes to a practically acceptable level (seconds to minutes). At a conceptual level, replacing the RANSAC error function with the more principled MSAC function (Torr and Zisserman, 2000) and introducing a minimum-distance prior to counter the near-field bias reduce failure rates by a factor of up to 4. On the other hand, replacing the repeated evaluation of the RANSAC error function with a voting scheme over the transformation parameters proved not to be generally applicable for the scan registration problem. All these possible extensions are tested experimentally on multiple challenging outdoor and indoor scenarios.
The influence of multiple outdoor interferers on in-building DS-CDMA wireless system performance

This paper examines the influence of multiple outdoor interferers on the performance of a single-floor in-building DS-CDMA wireless system. Signal correlation is identified as a key propagation parameter that can be related to wireless system performance and therefore the optimal base station location chosen when deploying the in-building system. Using measured mean path loss data integrated into a Monte Carlo analysis, it is shown that the presence of multiple outdoor interferers can significantly influence in-building system performance. If there is dominant interference emanating from one side of the building, it is desirable to place an in-building base station on the same side of the building to ensure optimal system performance. However, if there are similar levels of interference emanating from opposite sides of the building, there is not a clear best strategy that can be used to choose the optimal location of the in-building base station.
An improvement in a simple MAC protocol for cognitive wireless networks

Medium Access Control (MAC) is an important aspect of implementing a cognitive radio network. Ghasemi and Razavizadeh proposed a simple, elegant and efficient MAC protocol for cognitive wireless networks [1]. However, the Ghasemi’s algorithm does not consider the quality of the wireless channel in the decision process. In this paper, an improvement in Ghasemi’s algorithm is proposed to consider the behavior of the wireless channel in the decision process.
Analysis of a System of Mutually Synchronized Oscillators

An analysis of the performance of a synchronous digital communications system in which the clock rate of each station is established as the average of the clock rates of all incoming signals to each station is presented. Using both-end control, the system frequency is the average of the free-running frequencies of the phase locked oscillators, weighted by the number of inputs to each station. In single-end control, the frequency is a similar average plus a term, which is a function of changes in transmission path delay. Rules are derived defining how a transmision path delay change will be reflected in changes of total phase difference at each transmission path terminal. These phase changes reflect requirements for elastic storage of data at each transmission path termination. The dynamic stability of a simple two station network is analyzed mathematically. A subsequent technical paper [7] will report on the extensive analysis of the dynamic behavior of various system configurations using a computer simulation of the time history response to various perturbations.
Acoustic-to-seismic coupling and detection of landmines

Reviews the physics of acoustic-to-seismic coupling in air-filled solids relating to acoustic technology for mine detection. The measurement technique of mine detection using acoustic-to-seismic coupling has been outlined, Taking advantage of a noncontact, remote sensor, recent measurements using a scanning laser Doppler Vibrometer and data analysis techniques for mine detection are discussed. In the next research and development phase, efforts will be made to develop the current technique into a vehicle-mounted field device. To facilitate this, research is being conducted to increase the speed of scanning and to automatically recognize targets.
International incidence rates of invasive cervical cancer before cytological screening

Huge differences in incidence rates of invasive cervical cancer occur among populations. These differences reflect the influences of both etiological environmental factors and removal of precursor lesions detected upon screening. The purposes of this article are (i) to describe similarities and differences in the shapes and magnitudes of age‐specific incidence rates of invasive cervical cancer before screening had an effect, (ii) to provide baseline data for further global study of screening effects, and (iii) to provide baseline incidence data for the design of optimal screening programs. To eliminate the impact of screening effects, we have selected age‐specific incidence rates from times when and from populations in which screening was insignificant. The selected rates were suitably scaled and compared regarding age at onset of increase in incidence, age at peak incidence, and rate of subsequent decline. Despite a 16‐fold difference in incidence rates, all curves had the same basic structure, with an increase to a peak followed by a decline or a plateau. Although all populations but one had an onset around age 25, 7 European countries showed an earlier peak age (mean = 46 vs. 59) and a more rapid decline after the peak than most other populations. The common basic shape of the age‐specific incidence curve, overall, suggests a relatively similar development of invasive cervical cancer in different populations. These results illustrate the underlying similarities in the markedly different age‐specific incidence rates of invasive cervical cancer. They also provide a basis for studying screening effects and for optimizing screening programs in specific geographic areas. Int. J. Cancer 71:159–165, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A hybrid hierarchical control architecture for paper transport systems

Paper transport subsystems transport sheets of paper from a starting point to a final destination with high accuracy and reliability. Traditional roller-based transport systems consist of rollers operating in an open loop mode. Therefore, such systems do not exhibit graceful degradation and adaptable control. We present a distributed hybrid hierarchical control for transport systems which are flexible, modular, and exhibit graceful degradation of throughput.
An Energy Benchmark for Software Updates on Wireless Sensor Nodes

Energy consumption is arguably the key factor in the design and operation of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). This holds both for normal operation and maintenance operations - such as software updates. Whereas software updates will probably be infrequent, they must still not consume a significant fraction of a WSN's energy reserve; also, the required consumption must be known before triggering an update, in order to ensure that it can complete. Software updates are an expensive operation: there can be a significant volume of data, guaranteed delivery is required, and normal data fusion algorithms cannot be used to reduce the communication load. In this paper we present a node-level energy consumption model for the evaluating the efficiency of software updates on wireless sensor nodes. This model is then used to derive a novel minimum energy benchmark equation. This paper also presents some new power measurements, and uses these, along with published data, to interpret the benchmark in quantitative terms for some specific hardware platforms. This benchmark provides a standardized and quantitative figure to use in comparing software update algorithms. The methodology is also applicable to establishing energy benchmarks for other tasks in the WSN domain.
Recency effect in the subjective assessment of digitally-coded television pictures

In MPEG-2 coding of television pictures, buffer overflow occurs during motion-intensive scenes; this introduces time-varying levels of coding distortion into the video. We report on the subjective effect of such distortion on viewers. It is known that standard ITU-R subjective testing methodology, which uses 10 s presentation times, is not easily able to deal with such variations in quality. Most of the applications of this methodology have been to situations where there is a single level of quality associated with a fixed set of engineering transmission parameters. However, if MPEG video is coded at a constant bit rate which is low enough to cause distortion, the quality of successive 10 s sections can be quite different from each other. At present, there is little reported experimental work concerning such quality variations in digitally-compressed television, although a study has been made of the time-varying distortions that occur in ATM video transmission due to sporadic network overload.
Color/texture analysis and synthesis for model-based human image coding

This paper proposes an efficient color/texture analysis and synthesis method for the model-based coding of human images. A shade and shadow elimination scheme is also introduced enhance texture analysis. The input human image is segmented into uniform color regions; color/texture data of each region is analyzed through the first and second order statistics. The synthesis process generates the color/texture of each region from the analyzied data and shading data, which is created from a three dimensional human body model and the new virtual lighting source. The proposed method acquires and encodes the objects’ original color/textures independently of shade and can reconstruct the color/textures while applying any shade effect desired.
Unification of image fusion and super-resolution using jointly trained dictionaries and local information contents

Multi-modal imaging requires image fusion to combine advantages of different types of sensors and requires super-resolution (SR) because of limited spatial resolution of source images. In this study, a novel framework is proposed for unification of image SR and the fusion process to obtain a high-resolution (HR)-fused image from a set of low-resolution (LR) multi-modal images. The jointly trained dictionaries of LR patches and corresponding HR patches are used for sparse representation of LR source image patches and HR-fused image patches, respectively. The sparse coefficients vectors for corresponding patches of source LR images are determined by using orthogonal matching pursuit and a local information content-based metric is employed to fuse these sparse coefficients. The corresponding HR-fused image patch is obtained by combining elements of the HR dictionary as per the fused coefficients of the LR image patches. The experimental results on sets of multi-modal images exhibited that the proposed method outperformed the existing fusion and SR techniques in terms of visual quality and image fusion quality metrics.
Transform coding of audio signals at 64 kbit/s

The coding of high-quality sound at 64 kb/s is of interest for applications such as ISDN. The algorithm described allows the reduction to such a bit rate while maintaining the original quality. It is based on transform coding, and uses a time-domain aliasing cancellation (TDAC) transformation. Perceptual properties and the interblock redundancy of the spectrum are involved when coding the transform coefficients. The complexity of the algorithm allows its real-time implementation on a one floating-point digital signal processor, such as the ATT DSP 32C. The performance and subjective results of the coding system are discussed. <<ETX>>
Packet sniffing: a brief introduction

Packet sniffing is a method of tapping each packet as it flows across the network; i.e., it is a technique in which a user sniffs data belonging to other users of the network. Packet sniffers can operate as an administrative tool or for malicious purposes. It depends on the user's intent. Network administrators use them for monitoring and validating network traffic. Packet sniffers are basically applications. They are programs used to read packets that travel across the network layer of the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) layer. (Basically, the packets are retrieved from the network layer and the data is interpreted.) Packet sniffers are utilities that can be efficiently used for network administration. At the same time, it can also be used for nefarious activities. However, a user can employ a number of techniques to detect sniffers on the network and protect the data from sniffers. The technique behind packet sniffing on shared bus broadcast LANs is explained.
Methoden für die organisationsbezogene Versorgungsforschung

On 1 July 2009, the German Network for Health Services Research [Deutsches Netzwerk Versorgungsforschung e. V. (DNVF e. V.)] approved the Memorandum III "Methods for Health Services Research", supported by the member societies mentioned below and published in this journal (Gesundheitswesen 2009; 71: 505-510). The focus of this part of the Memorandum III "Methods for health services research" is on the questions and methods of organisational health services research. In a first step, we describe the central questions which are at the core of organisational health services research. In a second step, we describe the methodological standards and requirements with regard to a) sampling, b) measurement and c) research design. We present a phase model for complex intervention trials. This model allows to conduct high quality organisational health services research, to integrate different methods of social research and to show in which phase they are of special importance.