Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cognitive emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms among nurses exposed to workplace violence: a person-centered approach

Abstract Background Cognitive strategies are preferred among nurses who have limited opportunities in the workplace to use behavioral strategies to cope with negative life events. Aims To explore whether different cognitive emotion regulation profiles could be distinguished in nurses exposed to workplace violence, and to investigate whether such profiles had differential associations with depressive symptoms. Method An online survey was conducted among nurses exposed to workplace violence (N = 399). Latent profile analysis was performed to identify discrete profiles based on the use of cognitive emotion regulation strategies. The Bolck, Croon, and Hagenaars method was applied to compare the latent profiles on the depressive symptoms. Results Seven latent profiles were identified: Low Regulators, Medium Regulators, High Regulators, Intensely Adaptive Regulators, Moderately Adaptive Regulators, Intensely Maladaptive Regulators, and Moderately Maladaptive Regulators. High Regulators had the highest level of depressive symptoms. Although using less adaptive strategies, Low Regulators did not report significantly more depressive symptoms than Medium Regulators, Intensely Maladaptive and Moderately Maladaptive Regulators. Conclusions The adaptability of cognitive emotion regulation strategies depends on the conjunction of different strategies one person has at his disposal. Cognitive emotion regulation skill training should focus on flexible implementation of strategies and decreasing use of maladaptive strategies.
Pharmacological Effects of Agastache rugosa against Gastritis Using a Network Pharmacology Approach

Agastache rugosa is used as a Korean traditional medicine to treat gastric diseases. However, the active ingredients and pharmacological targets of A. rugosa are unknown. In this study, we aimed to reveal the pharmacological effects of A. rugosa on gastritis by combining a mice model and a network pharmacology method. The macrophage and gastritis-induced models were used to evaluate the pharmacological effects of A. rugosa. The results show that A. rugosa relieved mucosal damage induced by HCl/EtOH in vivo. Network analysis identified 99 components in A. rugosa; six components were selected through systematic screening, and five components were linked to 45 gastritis-related genes. The main components were acacetin and luteolin, and the identified core genes were AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1), nuclear factor kappa B inhibitor alpha (NFKBIA), and mitogen-activated protein kinase-3 (MAPK3) etc. in this network. The network of components, target genes, protein–protein interactions, and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway was closely connected with chemokines and with phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt (PI3K/AKT), tumor-necrosis-factor alpha (TNFα), mitogen-activated protein kinase, nuclear factor kappa B, and Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways. In conclusion, A. rugosa exerts gastro-protective effects through a multi-compound and multi-pathway regulatory network and holds potential for treating inflammatory gastric diseases.
Pathological studies on the penetration of the cercaria of the strigeid trematode, Diplostomum flexicaudum.

It is the purpose of this paper to report some observations and experiments conducted during the summer of I935 at the University of Michigan Biological Station on the penetration of the cercaria of Diplostomum flexicaudum (Cort and Brooks) into abnormal hosts. Van Haitsma (I930) determined the life history of this strigeid as follows: The adult form inhabits the intestinal tract of the herring gull, Larus argentatus smithsonianus. Eggs in the feces are deposited in water, and from these miracidia hatch in about three weeks. The miracidia penetrate the snail, Stagnicola emarginata angulata (Sowerby), and there develop into mother sporocysts which in turn produce daughter sporocysts. After about six weeks cercariae are developed within the daughter sporocysts and escape from the molluscan host to swim about freely in the water. They penetrate the body of the common sucker, Catastomus commersonii, and lodge in the lens of the eye where they metamorphose into the diplostomulum stage in about six weeks. By eating the fish the gull becomes infected, and the worm reaches sexual maturity in its intestine in less than a week. Although the common sucker is the only fish with which the complete development of the metacercaria stage and infection of the definitive host with this species has been obtained, these cercariae will penetrate into a number of different fish and amphibians. Cort and Brooks (I928) in connection with the original description of the cercaria of this species stated that it was found to penetrate actively into several different species of fish and that it developed into a metacercaria of the diplostomulum type in the lens of the eye. La Rue, Butler and Berkhout (I926) reported the finding of strigeid metacercariae of the diplostomulum type in the eyes of several different species of fish from Douglas Lake, Michigan. They were most common in the eyes of Catostomus commersonii, Perca flavescens, and Percopis omisconmaycus but were also found in
An Evolving View of Phylogenetic Support.

If all nucleotide sites evolved at the same rate within molecules and throughout the history of lineages, if all nucleotides were in equal proportion, if any nucleotide or amino acid evolved to any other with equal probability, if all taxa could be sampled, if diversification happened at well-spaced intervals, and if all gene segments had the same history, then tree building would be easy. But of course none of those conditions are true. Hence the need for evaluating the information content and accuracy of phylogenetic trees. The symposium for which this historial essay and presentation were developed focused on the importance of phylogenetic support, specifically branch support for individual clades. Here I present a timeline and review significant events in the history of systematics that set the stage for the development of the sophisticated measures of branch support and examinations of the information content of data highlighted in this symposium.
Repurposing of Drugs-The Ketamine Story.

An intranasal formulation of esketamine, the S enantiomer of ketamine, in conjunction with an oral antidepressant, has been approved by the FDA for treating treatment-resistant major depressive disorder (TRD) in 2019, almost 50 years after it was approved as an intravenous anesthetic. In contrast to traditional antidepressants, ketamine shows a rapid (within 2 hours) and sustained (~7 days) antidepressant effect and has significant positive effects on antisuicidal ideation. Ketamine's antidepressant mechanism is predominantly mediated by the NMDA receptor, although NMDA-independent mechanisms are not ruled out. At the neurocircuitry level, ketamine affects the brain's reward and mood circuitry located in the corticomesolimbic structures involving the hippocampus, nucleus accumbens and prefrontal cortex. Repurposing of ketamine for treating TRD provided a new understanding of the pathophysiology of depression-a paradigm shift from monoamine to glutamatergic neurotransmission, thus making it a unique tool to investigate the brain and its complex neurocircuitries.
Karyological studies of eight Carduus L. (Asteraceae, Cardueae) taxa from Turkey

Abstract The somatic chromosome numbers and detailed morphometric properties of 18 specimens belonging to eight taxa (six species) of genus Carduus L. distributed in Turkey were examined. The somatic chromosome numbers were determined as 2n = 2x = 22 in C. olympicus Boiss. subsp. hypoleucus (Bornm.) P. H. Davis, C. tmoleus Boiss. subsp. tmoleus and C. acanthoides L. s.l. ; 2n = 2x = 18 in C. candicans Waldst. & Kit. s.l. and 2n = 2x = 16 in C. nutans L. subsp. falcato-incurvus P. H. Davis (2798). In addition, tetraploid chromosome numbers (2n = 4x = 32) were also observed in C. nutans subsp. falcato-incurvus (2737) and C. onopordioides Fisch. ex M. Bieb. subsp. turcicus (Kazmi) P. H. Davis. Karyotype analysis indicated that chromosomes of Carduus taxa generally have median region (m) and submedian region (sm) karyotypes. A median point (M) karyotypes is found in C. acanthoides subsp. acanthoides (2728). Secondary structures and one to three pairs of satellite chromosomes (sat-chromosome) were observed in some of the examined specimens. The findings for each of the analysed taxa are compared with the results of previous studies. The chromosome number and morphology of C. olympicus subsp. hypoleucus, C. nutans subsp. falcato-incurvus, C. onopordioides subsp. turcicus, C. candicans subsp. globifer and C. acanthoides subsp. sintenisii are reported here for the first time.
Microsurgical anatomy of language

The localizationist model, which focused on classical cortical areas such as Broca's and Wernicke's, can no longer explain how language processing works. Over recent years, several studies have revealed new language‐related cortical and subcortical areas, resulting in a transition from localizationist concepts to a hodotopical model. These studies have described language processing as an extensive and complex network of multiple interconnected cortical areas and subcortical pathways, differing from the classical circuit described by the localizationist perspective. The hodotopical model was made possible by a paradigm shift in the treatment of cerebral tumors, especially low‐grade gliomas: total or subtotal tumor resections with cortical and subcortical mapping on awake patients have become the gold standard treatment for lesions located in the dominant hemisphere. In this article, we review current understating of the microsurgical anatomy of language.
Intraoperative marking of the tumour resection surface for improved radiation therapy planning in head and neck cancer: preclinical evaluation of a novel liquid fiducial marker.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate a novel liquid fiducial marker for intraoperative marking of the tumour resection surface in oral cancer patients to facilitate precise postoperative delineation of the interface between the tumour resection border and reconstructed tissue for intensity-modulated radiation therapy. METHODS A total of 200 markers were created by injecting the volumes of 10 µl, 20 µl, 30 µl, 40 µl and 50 µl of a liquid marker composed of sucrose acetoisobutyrate (SAIB) and iodinated sucrose acetoisobutyrate (x-SAIB) into the soft tissue of porcine mandible segments. Visibility of the resulting markers was quantified by threshold-based segmentation of the marker volume in CT- and CBCT imaging and by a comparison of signal intensities in MRI. RESULTS Even the lowest volume of SAIB-/x-SAIB investigated (10 µl) resulted in a higher visibility (CTSoft tissue: 88.18 ± 13.23 µl; CTBone: 49.55 ± 7.62 µl; CBCT: 54.65 ± 12.58 µl) than observed with the incorporation of titanium ligature clips (CTSoft tissue: 50.15 ± 7.50 mm3; CTBone: 23.90 ± 3.39 mm3; CBCT: 33.80 ± 9.20 mm3). Markers created by the injection of 10 µl and 20 µl could reliably be delineated from markers created by the injection of higher volumes. CONCLUSION SAIB/x-SAIB, which has recently become available as a Conformité Européenne (CE)-marked fiducial marker, provides an option for fast and reliable production of markers with excellent visibility in imaging modalities used in oral cancer radiation therapy (RT) planning routine.
Factors Associated with Increased Morbidity and Mortality of Obese and Overweight COVID-19 Patients

Overweight and obesity are defined as an unnecessary accumulation of fat, which poses a risk to health. It is a well-identified risk factor for increased mortality due to heightened rates of heart disease, certain cancers, musculoskeletal disorders, and bacterial, protozoan and viral infections. The increasing prevalence of obesity is of concern, as conventional pathogenesis may indeed be increased in obese hosts rather than healthy hosts, especially during this COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 is a new disease and we do not have the luxury of cumulative data. Obesity activates the development of gene induced hypoxia and adipogenesis in obese animals. Several factors can influence obesity, for example, stress can increase the body weight by allowing people to consume high amounts of food with a higher propensity to consume palatable food. Obesity is a risk factor for the development of immune-mediated and some inflammatory-mediated diseases, including atherosclerosis and psoriasis, leading to a dampened immune response to infectious agents, leading to weaker post-infection impacts. Moreover, the obese host creates a special microenvironment for disease pathogenesis, marked by persistent low-grade inflammation. Therefore, it is advisable to sustain healthy eating habits by increasing the consumption of various plant-based and low-fat foods to protect our bodies and decrease the risk of infectious diseases, especially COVID-19.
Orchestrating morphogenesis: building the body plan by cell shape changes and movements

ABSTRACT During embryonic development, a simple ball of cells re-shapes itself into the elaborate body plan of an animal. This requires dramatic cell shape changes and cell movements, powered by the contractile force generated by actin and myosin linked to the plasma membrane at cell-cell and cell-matrix junctions. Here, we review three morphogenetic events common to most animals: apical constriction, convergent extension and collective cell migration. Using the fruit fly Drosophila as an example, we discuss recent work that has revealed exciting new insights into the molecular mechanisms that allow cells to change shape and move without tearing tissues apart. We also point out parallel events at work in other animals, which suggest that the mechanisms underlying these morphogenetic processes are conserved. Summary: Current understanding of three key cell behaviors central to embryonic development – apical constriction, convergent extension and collective cell migration – are reviewed, with a focus on Drosophila, a powerful model for studying these events.
p63-related signaling at a glance

ABSTRACT p63 (also known as TP63) is a transcription factor of the p53 family, along with p73. Multiple isoforms of p63 have been discovered and these have diverse functions encompassing a wide array of cell biology. p63 isoforms are implicated in lineage specification, proliferative potential, differentiation, cell death and survival, DNA damage response and metabolism. Furthermore, p63 is linked to human disease states including cancer. p63 is critical to many aspects of cell signaling, and in this Cell science at a glance article and the accompanying poster, we focus on the signaling cascades regulating TAp63 and ΔNp63 isoforms and those that are regulated by TAp63 and ΔNp63, as well the role of p63 in disease. Summary: A review of the signaling cascades regulating and regulated by the different isoforms of the p53-related transcription factor p63, as well the role of p63 in disease.
Serum BDNF’s Role as a Biomarker for Motor Training in the Context of AR-Based Rehabilitation after Ischemic Stroke

Background: brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may play a role during neurorehabilitation following ischemic stroke. This study aimed to elucidate the possible role of BDNF during early recovery from ischemic stroke assisted by motor training. Methods: fifty patients were included after acute recovery from ischemic stroke: 21 first received classical rehabilitation followed by ‘motor rehabilitation using motion sensors and augmented reality’ (AR-rehabilitation), 14 only received AR-rehabilitation, and 15 were only observed. Serum BDNF levels were measured on the first day of stroke, on the 14th day, before AR-based rehabilitation (median, 45th day), and after the AR-based rehabilitation (median, 82nd day). Motor impairment was quantified clinically using the Fugl–Meyer scale (FMA); functional disability and activities of daily living (ADL) were measured using the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS). For comparison, serum BDNF was measured in 50 healthy individuals. Results: BDNF levels were found to significantly increase during the phase with AR-based rehabilitation. The pattern of the sequentially measured BDNF levels was similar in the treated patients. Untreated patients had significantly lower BDNF levels at the endpoint. Conclusions: the fluctuations of BDNF levels are not consistently related to motor improvement but seem to react to active treatment. Without active rehabilitation treatment, BDNF tends to decrease.
Developmental Predictors of Cognitive and Adaptive Outcomes in Genetic Subtypes of Autism Spectrum Disorder

Approximately one‐fourth of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) cases are associated with a disruptive genetic variant. Many of these ASD genotypes have been described previously, and are characterized by unique constellations of medical, psychiatric, developmental, and behavioral features. Development of precision medicine care for affected individuals has been challenging due to the phenotypic heterogeneity that exists even within each genetic subtype. In the present study, we identify developmental milestones that predict cognitive and adaptive outcomes for five of the most common ASD genotypes. Sixty‐five youth with a known pathogenic variant involving ADNP, CHD8, DYRK1A, GRIN2B, or SCN2A genes participated in cognitive and adaptive testing. Exploratory linear regressions were used to identify developmental milestones that predicted cognitive and adaptive outcomes within each gene group. We hypothesized that the earliest and most predictive milestones would vary across gene groups, but would be consistent across outcomes within each genetic subtype. Within the ADNP group, age of walking predicted cognitive outcomes, while age of first words predicted adaptive behaviors. Age of phrases predicted adaptive functioning in the CHD8 group, but cognitive outcomes were not clearly associated with early developmental milestones. Verbal milestones were the strongest predictors of cognitive and adaptive outcomes for individuals with mutations to DYRK1A, GRIN2B, or SCN2A. These trends inform decisions about treatment planning and long‐term expectations for affected individuals, and they add to the growing body of research linking molecular genetic function to brain development and phenotypic outcomes.
A Randomized Trial on the Effect of Phosphate Reduction on Vascular End Points in CKD (IMPROVE-CKD).

BACKGROUND Hyperphosphatemia is associated with increased fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), arterial calcification, and cardiovascular mortality. Effects of phosphate-lowering medication on vascular calcification and arterial stiffness in CKD remain uncertain. METHODS To assess the effects of non-calcium-based phosphate binders on intermediate cardiovascular markers, we conducted a multicenter, double-blind trial, randomizing 278 participants with stage 3b or 4 CKD and serum phosphate >1.00 mmol/L (3.10 mg/dl) to 500 mg lanthanum carbonate or matched placebo thrice daily for 96 weeks. We analyzed the primary outcome, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, using a linear mixed effects model for repeated measures. Secondary outcomes included abdominal aortic calcification and serum and urine markers of mineral metabolism. RESULTS A total of 138 participants received lanthanum and 140 received placebo (mean age 63.1 years; 69% male, 64% White). Mean eGFR was 26.6 ml/min per 1.73 m2; 45% of participants had diabetes and 32% had cardiovascular disease. Mean serum phosphate was 1.25 mmol/L (3.87 mg/dl), mean pulse wave velocity was 10.8 m/s, and 81.3% had abdominal aortic calcification at baseline. At 96 weeks, pulse wave velocity did not differ significantly between groups, nor did abdominal aortic calcification, serum phosphate, parathyroid hormone, FGF23, and 24-hour urinary phosphate. Serious adverse events occurred in 63 (46%) participants prescribed lanthanum and 66 (47%) prescribed placebo. Although recruitment to target was not achieved, additional analysis suggested this was unlikely to have significantly affected the principle findings. CONCLUSIONS In patients with stage 3b/4 CKD, treatment with lanthanum over 96 weeks did not affect arterial stiffness or aortic calcification compared with placebo. These findings do not support the role of intestinal phosphate binders to reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with CKD who have normophosphatemia. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NAME AND REGISTRATION NUMBER Australian Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12610000650099.
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Increases Susceptibility to Bupivacaine-induced Cardiotoxicity through Overexpression of Transient Receptor Potential Canonical Channels in Rats

Background: Local anesthetics, particularly potent long acting ones such as bupivacaine, can cause cardiotoxicity by inhibiting sodium ion channels; however, the impact of left ventricular hypertrophy on the cardiotoxicity and the underlying mechanisms remain undetermined. Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels are upregulated in left ventricular hypertrophy. Some transient receptor potential channel subtypes have been reported to pass relatively large cations, including protonated local anesthetics; this is known as the “pore phenomenon. ” The authors hypothesized that bupivacaine-induced cardiotoxicity is more severe in left ventricular hypertrophy due to upregulated TRPC channels. Methods: The authors used a modified transverse aortic constriction model as a left ventricular hypertrophy. Cardiotoxicity caused by bupivacaine was compared between sham and aortic constriction male rats, and the underlying mechanisms were investigated by recording sodium ion channel currents and immunocytochemistry of TRPC protein in cardiomyocytes. Results: The time to cardiac arrest by bupivacaine was shorter in aortic constriction rats (n =11) than in sham rats (n = 12) (mean ± SD, 1,302 ± 324 s vs. 1,034 ± 211 s; P = 0.030), regardless of its lower plasma concentration. The half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of bupivacaine toward sodium ion currents were 4.5 and 4.3 μM, which decreased to 3.9 and 2.6 μM in sham and aortic constriction rats, respectively, upon coapplication of 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol, a TRPC3 channel activator. In both groups, sodium ion currents were unaffected by QX-314, a positively charged lidocaine derivative, that hardly permeates the cell membrane, but was significantly decreased with QX-314 and 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol coapplication (sham: 79 ± 10% of control; P = 0.004; aortic constriction: 47± 27% of control; P = 0.020; n = 5 cells per group). Effects of 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol were antagonized by a specific TRPC3 channel inhibitor. Conclusions: Left ventricular hypertrophy exacerbated bupivacaine-induced cardiotoxicity, which could be a consequence of the “pore phenomenon” of TRPC3 channels upregulated in left ventricular hypertrophy. This study compared male rats that underwent aortic constriction to induce left ventricular hypertrophy to male rats who underwent sham intervention. The rats were given intravenous bupivicaine, and the rats with left ventricular hypertrophy experienced a significantly shorter time to develop wide QRS complexes and a shorter time to develop cardiac arrest. Transient receptor potential canonical-3 channels were significantly upregulated in the myocardium of rats with left ventricular hypertrophy, and transient receptor potential canonical-3 channels exhibit the “pore phenomena,” which is a potential mechanism contributing to increased susceptibility to bupivacaine-induced cardiotoxicity.