Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy Risk-based Decision Method for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

A vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is an emerging technology that has the potential to improve road safety and traveler comfort. In VANETs, mobile vehicles communicate with each other for the purpose of sharing various kinds of information. This information is very useful for preventing road accidents and traffic jams. On Contrary, bogus and inaccurate information may cause undesirable things, such as automobile fatalities and traffic congestion. Therefore, it is highly beneficial to consider risk before vehicle takes any decision based on the received information from the surrounding vehicles. To overcome these issues, we propose a new risk-based decision method for vehicular ad hoc networks. It determines a risk-based the three key elements: 1) application type and sensitivity level, 2) vehicle context and 3) driver’s attitude. This paper also provides theoretical analysis and evaluation of the proposed method, and it also discusses the applications of the proposed model.
Quantum Mechanics as a Generalization of Nambu Dynamics to the Weyl-Wigner Formalism

Abstract It is shown that Nambu dynamics can be generalized to any number of dimensions by replacing the 0(3) algebra, a prominent feature of Nambu's formulation, by an arbitrary Lie algebra. For the infinite dimensional algebra of rotations in phase space one obtains quantum mechanics in the Weyl-Wigner representation from the generalized Nambu dynamics. Also, this formulation can be cast into a canonical Hamiltonian form by a natural choice of canonically conjugate variables.
Multi-Dimensional Bid Greedy Auction Mechanism for Bandwidth Allocation

Since current bandwidth mechanisms need communicating general functions or long convergence phase, they are not feasible in practice. In this letter, an efficient bandwidth allocation mechanism is proposed, which called Multi-dimensional Bid Greedy auction mechanism. It presents the advantage that the Multi-dimensional bid is submitted once only, saving a lot of signalization overhead. We formulate the problem of bandwidth allocation in networks as a combinatorial auction problem and propose an allocation rule to solve it. This allocation rule is complemented by a payment rule of the VCG (Vickrey-Clarke-Groves) type, which provides users with the incentive to bid truthfully, thus simplifying bidding. We argue that our mechanism is simple and applicable to real networks. Since our mechanism's computational complexity is low, it can serve as a fast and practical solution to bandwidth allocation.
Awareness and ever-use of electronic cigarettes among U.S. adults, 2010-2011.

INTRODUCTION Electronic cigarettes, or e-cigarettes, were introduced into the U.S. market in recent years. However, little is known about the health impact of the product or the extent of its use. This study assessed the prevalence and correlates of awareness and ever-use of e-cigarettes among U.S. adults during 2010-2011. METHODS Data were obtained from the HealthStyles survey, a national consumer-based survey of U.S. adults aged ≥18 years old. In 2010, data collection for the HealthStyles survey was both mail-based (n = 4,184) and web-based (n = 2,505), and in 2011, web-based (n = 4,050) only. Estimates of awareness and ever-use of e-cigarettes were calculated overall and by sex, age, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, household income, region, and smoking status. RESULTS In 2010, overall awareness of e-cigarettes was 38.5% (mail survey) and 40.9% (web survey); in 2011, awareness was 57.9% (web survey). Ever-use of e-cigarettes among all respondents was 2.1% in the 2010 mail survey, 3.3% in the 2010 web survey, and 6.2% in the 2011 web survey. Ever-use of e-cigarettes was significantly higher among current smokers compared with both former and never-smokers, irrespective of survey method or year. During 2010-2011, ever-use increased among both sexes, those aged 45-54 years, non-Hispanic Whites, those living in the South, and current and former smokers. CONCLUSIONS Awareness and ever-use of e-cigarettes increased among U.S. adults from 2010 to 2011. In 2011, approximately 1 in 5 current smokers reported having ever-used e-cigarettes. Continued surveillance of e-cigarettes is needed for public health planning.
The posterior thoracic approach in echocardiography

Echocardiograms were recorded using a left posterior thoracic approach in 17 patients with left pleural effusion. Comparison of these records with those obtained using the conventional technique in the same patients revealed that the left posterior thoracic approach yielded records of adequate quality in all patients. The mitral valve, the left ventricle, and the posterior pericardium were well defined. In 10 patients in whom pericardial effusion was also present, the posterior approach facilitated clear separation of the pleural and pericardial effusions. A major limitation of the posterior technique appears to be inability to record the aortic root, the aortic valve, and the left atrium.
THE FUNCTION OF THE CALLOSAL CONNECTIONS OF THE VISUAL CORTEX.

There is anatomical evidence in cats and baboons of cells at the margin of area 17 which have callosal connections to corresponding points in the opposite hemisphere. The function of such a pathway has been studied in cats after one optic tract has been cut. The corresponding hemisphere now gives early visual responses only at the margin of area 17. Such responses can only be elicited by light stimuli near the vertical meridian of the visual field. These responses are abolished by cooling the corresponding points in the opposite hemisphere and by cutting the corpus callosum. This pathway appears to provide some functional union for the two halves of the visual field.
Layered and Distributed Charge Load Dispatch of Considerable Electric Vehicles

Cooperation between controllable loads such as electrical vehicles (EVs) and wind power is regarded as a promising way to promote the integration of wind power. A novel layered and distributed charging load dispatch mechanism is proposed for the control of thousands of EVs in this paper. Based on the Lagrangian Relaxation and Auxiliary Problem Principle, the dispatch framework is developed, consisting of layers of system operator, generation units/EV aggregators, and EVs, and the cooperation between the generation and EVs is considered. Furthermore, the necessity of EV aggregators is analyzed, and the function of them is stressed. Compared with existing distributed methods, the proposed method is proper for large populations of EVs and gains an advantage in reducing generation cost directly. In addition, it is with a wider application scope such as problems with coupled constraints. The case study on IEEE-RTS verifies the method is feasible and valid and the charge load dispatch based on it reduces generation cost and wind power spillage.
Levodopa-Induced Motor and Dopamine Receptor Changes in Caenorhabditis elegans Overexpressing Human Alpha-Synuclein

Background: Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) is a disabling complication of levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease (PD) with no effective treatments. Fluctuations in levels of levodopa constitute a key risk factor of LID. There is a pressing need for the development of a simple animal model of LID. Several genetic and toxin-based models of PD in Caenorhabditis elegans have been described, which have advanced our understanding of PD pathophysiology. We aimed to study levodopa-induced changes in a Parkinson's disease model of C. elegans expressing human α-synuclein. Methods: We exposed the α-synuclein C. elegans to levodopa in continuous and alternating fashions. Automated behavioral analysis was then used to quantify changes in motor activity. Confocal microscopy was used next to quantify changes in dopamine receptor distribution and expression in motor neurons of live C. elegans. Results: Chronic exposure to levodopa led to hyperactivity of the α-synuclein C. elegans without meaningful increase in motor activity. There was also an increase in peripheral clustering and expression of dopamine receptors in motor neurons. Both of these changes were significantly higher with alternating, compared to continuous, exposure to levodopa. Conclusions: This is the first report of changes in motor and dopamine receptors induced by levodopa in C. elegans overexpressing human α-synuclein. We propose that these phenotypes represent a simple animal model of LID in C. elegans. Such a model holds the promise of enabling high-throughput screenings for potential therapeutic targets and drug candidates.
Evidence that the hypertrophic action of clenbuterol on denervated rat muscle is not propranolol‐sensitive

1 The effect of propranolol on the clenbuterol‐induced protein anabolism in innervated and denervated soleus and plantaris muscles of the rat was studied. 2 The response to the β‐agonist, clenbuterol, in both innervated and denervated muscles, was not significantly inhibited by the β‐antagonist, propranolol. 3 The results provide further evidence to suggest that the action of clenbuterol on skeletal muscle protein accretion may not be directly mediated by β‐adrenoceptors.
Impact des états de gap sur les performances des photodiodes organiques

Produites sur des substrats de grande dimension grâce aux technologies d'impression, les photodiodes organiques suscitent un interet grandissant pour leurs applications prometteuses dans le domaine de l'imagerie medicale, des interfaces hommes-machines et les grands instruments. Ces photodiodes (dont les performances tendent a concurrencer celles en silicium amorphe), presentent de nombreux avantages : simplicite du procede d'impression, faible cout d'investissement, souplesse du substrat et proprietes d'absorption remarquables des polymeres. Toutefois, les performances de ces photodiodes restent encore en deca de ce que l'on pourrait esperer. Ce travail de these a pour but d'etudier une source importante de degradation des performances de ces photodiodes : les etats de gap. En effet, ces etats de gap induisent des recombinaisons de type Shockley Read Hall (SRH), donnant lieu sous lumiere a des recombinaisons de paire electron trous, et en l'absence de lumiere, a une augmentation du courant d'obscurite par generation dite thermique. Dans ce manuscrit, les etats de gap et leurs impacts sur les performances des photodiodes organiques ont ete tout d'abord etudies par le biais de simulations numeriques. Le role predominant des etats de milieu de gap dans les recombinaisons a ainsi ete mis en evidence. Par la suite, ces simulations ont ete generalisees au cas de distributions de pieges ou « queues de bandes », mettant en evidence le role des etats profonds d'une part, et des etats peu profonds d'autre part. L'etude experimentale des queues de bande (dont l'origine est probablement le desordre des chaines de polymeres dans l'heterojonction volumique) a montre que ces queues de bande peuvent etre partiellement controlees par l'introduction d'un recuit. Un modele a ete developpe et a permis de montrer que lorsque les caracteristiques physiques de la morphologie de l'heterojonction volumique et electriques des queues de bande sont connues et prises en compte, les caracteristiques electro-optiques des photodiodes organiques peuvent etre correctement reproduites. Des caracterisations physiques par UPS ont confirme par ailleurs le role joue par la reorganisation des queues de bande au cours du recuit thermique de la couche active dans l'amelioration des performances des photodiodes organiques. Dans le cadre d'une seconde etude, il a ete mis en evidence que des pieges profonds charges (accepteurs ou donneurs) en concentration importante conduisent a une courbure du potentiel electrique entre l'anode et la cathode et donc a une non-uniformite du champ electrique dans la couche active. En consequence, ces etats profonds sont a l'origine d'une dissymetrie du rendement de collection lorsque l'on eclaire ces composants d'un cote ou de l'autre. Differentes voies d'optimisations ont ete etudiees afin de reduire leur concentration, ainsi que leur impact sur les performances des photodiodes organiques.
Caveolin Is an Activator of Insulin Receptor Signaling*

Recent data have demonstrated that caveolin, a major structural protein of caveolae, negatively regulates signaling molecules localized to caveolae. The interaction of caveolin with several caveolae-associated signaling proteins is mediated by the binding of the scaffolding region of caveolin to a hydrophobic amino acid-containing region within the regulated proteins. The presence of a similar motif within the insulin receptor kinase prompted us to investigate the caveolar localization and regulation of the insulin receptor by caveolin. We found that overexpression of caveolin-3 augmented insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 in 293T cells but not the phosphorylation of insulin receptor. Peptides corresponding to the scaffolding domain of caveolin potently stimulated insulin receptor kinase activity toward insulin receptor substrate-1 or a Src-derived peptide in vitro and in a caveolin subtype-dependent fashion. Peptides from caveolin-2 exhibited no effect, whereas caveolin-1 and -3 stimulated activity 10- and 17-fold, respectively. Peptides which increased insulin receptor kinase activity did so without affecting insulin receptor auto-phosphorylation. Furthermore, the insulin receptor bound to immobilized caveolin peptides, and this binding was inhibited in the presence of free caveolin-3 peptides. Thus, we have identified a novel mechanism by which the insulin receptor is bound and activated by specific caveolin subtypes. Furthermore, these data define a new role for caveolin as an activator of signaling.
RSSI-Based Localization Through Uncertain Data Mapping for Wireless Sensor Networks

When localizing the position of an unknown node for wireless sensor networks, the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) value is usually considered to fit a fixed attenuation model with a corresponding communication distance. However, due to some negative factors, the relationship is not valid in the actual localization environment, which leads to a considerable localization error. Therefore, we present a method for improved RSSI-based localization through uncertain data mapping. Starting from an advanced RSSI measurement, the distributions of the RSSI data tuples are determined and expressed in terms of interval data. Then, a data tuple pattern matching strategy is applied to the RSSI data vector during the localization procedure. Experimental results in three representative wireless environments show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Clinically occult ductal carcinoma in situ detected with mammography: analysis of 100 cases with radiologic-pathologic correlation.

One hundred consecutive cases of clinically occult ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) detected with mammography were retrospectively analyzed to determine the spectrum of mammographic appearances and to study pathologic correlations. Seventy-two percent of the lesions appeared as microcalcifications, 10% as soft-tissue abnormalities, and 12% as a combination of the two. Six percent of lesions were found incidentally in the biopsy specimen. On the basis of mammographic measurements, 22% of the lesions were 5 mm or smaller, and 75% were 20 mm or smaller. Thirty-five percent of the microcalcification clusters were categorized as predominantly casts (linear), 52% as granular, and 13% as granular with several casts. Related pathologic features included the location of the tumor within the ductal system, pattern of growth (histologic subtype), amount and distribution of calcium formation, and presence or absence of reactive changes. Women aged 49 years or less with DCIS were more likely to have microcalcifications and less likely to have a soft-tissue mass than women aged 50 years or more (P = .04). The authors conclude that there is a wide spectrum of mammographic appearances of clinically occult DCIS.
Masdar City : A model of urban environmental sustainability

In recent years, various proposals have emerged for the construction of “eco-cities,” specially designed communities with an explicit environmental focus that often incorporate technologically sophisticated building design, comprehensive master-planning, renewable energy sources, and efforts to achieve resource self-sufficiency. This trend, however, is subject to intense criticism among some proponents of sustainable urbanism, on grounds ranging from the purported social exclusivity of eco-cities to the claimed incompatibility between a sustainable mode of living and continued economic growth in the contemporary Western model. Masdar City, an eco-city presently being built in the United Arab Emirates, serves as a useful case study in this debate, with such unconventional features as an underground network of tunnels for electric cars and an aim of developing a zero-carbon electricity supply. After examining the Masdar project in particular, and the scholarly context surrounding sustainable urbanism in general, this essay offers a new method for evaluating the environmental and social effects of eco-cities. Using the dual concepts of an “experimental” approach that favors a diverse collection of initiatives for ecologically conscious urban planning and a “human-benefits” perspective that emphasizes inhabitants’ quality of life, the paper concludes that, despite its disadvantages, Masdar City represents an important advance in the field of sustainable urban design.
On Managing Interferences under Heterogeneous CSIT Feedback for Multi-User Transmission

Multi-user transmission, enabled through spatial multiplexing, is a promising technique in wireless systems by sending information to more than one user on a common resource block. Although efficient, precise channel information is needed in order to minimize the possible interferences. Motivated by its importance, the study investigates interference management in multi-user downlink systems under heterogeneous feedback of channel state information to the transmitter (CSIT). In the considered scenario, the base station (BS) can obtain different levels of channel realization information from the users under multi-user transmission. In particular we focus on a generic scenario with two user equipments (UEs), one (UE-1) being able to provide a perfect CSIT to the BS and the other (UE-2) unable to, where an effective transmission strategy at the BS is proposed with the premise of mitigating interference at UE-1. Unfortunately the absence of CSIT for UE-2 pushes it in interference-limited regime. To this end, two approaches are considered in the study: one by developing additional spatial diversity, and the other via advanced receiver design at UE-2. We investigate both of the options and show that the rate of UE-2 gets significantly improved in both cases. However hardware and RF design constraints may make the advanced receiver design solution preferable over the spatial diversity solution. We then put this heterogeneous CSIT feedback system in the context of long term evolution (LTE) of third generation partnership project (3GPP) where interference cannot be nulled out even for UE-1 due to the feedback of low level quantized CSIT and the restriction of the use of a very limited set of beamformers. The paper demonstrates that the advanced interference-aware receiver design can bring significant gains in the considered scenario, thereby underlining the necessity of intelligent receiver-processing in modern wireless systems.
Non-invasive pneumococcal disease and antimicrobial resistance: vaccine implications

We reviewed laboratory data on non-invasive pneumococcal isolates reported from all diagnostic laboratories in Scotland during the period 1988–99. Of 4491 isolates from hospitalized patients, 654 (64·7%) were from sputum, 79 (7·8%) from the nasopharynx and 278 (27·5%) from other superficial sites. The serogroups included in the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine caused 96–9% of all non-invasive disease in all age groups. The 7-, 9-, and 11-valent conjugated vaccine serogroups were responsible for 87–94%, 85–93%, 74–81% and 75–84% of non-invasive disease respectively in age groups <2 years, [les ]5 years, [ges ]65 years and all ages. The coverage of non-susceptible penicillin and erythromycin non-invasive isolates was >99% and >95% with the 23-valent polysaccharide and 7–11-valent conjugate vaccines respectively. The eight most common serogroups were 23, 9, 6, 19, 14, 3, 15 and 11 (in descending order). The serogroups associated with antimicrobial resistance in non-invasive disease were similar to those found in invasive disease. The finding of a similar serogroup distribution in both invasive and non-invasive disease (regardless of the site of clinical isolate), is consistent with serogroups colonizing non-sterile sites and having the potential to invade. The availability of conjugated vaccines reinforces the importance of systematic surveillance to determine accurately and regularly the coverage of pneumococcal serogroups and types causing both invasive and non-invasive disease.
Striate cortex and visual acuity functions in the cat

Using a two‐choice visual discrimination paradigm, thresholds for size (gratings), parallelness (parallel vs. non‐parallel lines), contour alignment (vernier offset), and angularity (polygon figures) were behaviorally determined in cats before and after ablations of portions of the geniculo‐cortical system.
Niveaux annuels d'immigration et gains initiaux des immigrants au Canada

Le niveau annuel d'immigration est l'une des composantes les plus importantes de la politique d'immigration d'un pays. Il est difficile de comparer directement les couts et les avantages de la modification des niveaux d'immigration, car l'immigration peut servir a repondre a plusieurs objectifs. Toutefois, certains effets definis de facon etroite peuvent faire l'objet d'une evaluation empirique. La presente etude porte uniquement sur l'influence possible des niveaux d'immigration sur les gains initiaux des immigrants. La presente etude porte sur l'effet des niveaux d'immigration sur un aspect des resultats sur le marche du travail des immigrants, a savoir leurs gains initiaux, c'est-a-dire leurs gains au cours de leurs deux premieres annees completes au Canada. Une augmentation de l'offre de main-d'oeuvre, c'est-a-dire une cohorte plus nombreuse de nouveaux immigrants, pourrait faire augmenter la concurrence pour les types d'emploi que recherchent les nouveaux immigrants et exercer une pression a la baisse sur les salaires des immigrants compris dans cette cohorte.