Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
T‐LYMPHOCYTE RECOGNITION OF SPERM‐WHALE MYOGLOBIN. RESPONSES OF T‐CELLS FROM MOUSE STRAINS PRIMED WITH SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE CARRYING ANTIGENIC SITE 5 AND RELATION TO ANTIGEN PRESENTATION

In the preceding communication of this series, the fine specificity requirements for T‐cell recognition of one of the Mb antigenic sites (antigenic site 5) were examined. Seven synthetic peptides containing antigenic site 5 and progressively increasing in length to the left by increments of two residues up to 22 residues in length were studied with regard to their ability to stimulate T‐cell proliferation of Mb‐primed T‐cells from high responder H‐2d and H‐2s mouse strains. Unexpectedly, it was found that, unlike smaller and longer peptides, some intermediate‐sized peptides failed to stimulate T‐cell proliferation even though they contained the full antigenic site. This indicated that lack of proliferative stimulating activity by a peptide does not necessarily imply absence of an antigenic site in the peptide. The results enabled us to conclude that T‐cell recognition of native proteins (or at least of Mb) is dependent on protein conformation. In the present work, we have examined the ability of peptide‐primed T‐cells from H‐2d and H‐2s mouse strains to proliferate to Mb. Immunization with peptide 145‐151 (antigenic site 5) afforded T‐cells that did not proliferate in vitro to Mb or any of the synthetic peptides 145‐153, 143‐153, 141‐153, 139‐153, 137‐153, 135‐153 or 132‐153. When mice were primed with either peptide 143‐153 (11 residues) or peptide 132‐153 (22 residues), The T‐cells obtained did not respond to Mb but responded in each case very well to peptides 132‐153, 135‐153, 137‐153 and gave lower, but significant, response to the shorter peptides 145‐153 and 143‐153. Intermediate‐sized peptides did not stimulate T‐cell proliferations and neither did truncated peptides that had deletions at Tyr‐151 and Ala‐144. These findings underscore the fine specificity of the T‐cell and indicate a high level of conformational dependency for T‐cell recognition. It is also concluded that macrophage recognition and presentation of protein antigen must involve the intact native protein and it is probably not related to the processing and fragmenting of the antigen by macrophage. The latter activity is more related to the role of macrophage in clearance.
Can we prevent diabetic ketoacidosis in children?

Abstract: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute potentially life‐threatening complication of diabetes affecting more than 100,000 persons annually in the United States. Although major advances have improved diabetes care, DKA remains the leading cause of hospitalization, morbidity, and death in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D). As the majority of patients presenting with DKA have established diabetes, it is important to address outpatient educational approaches directed at sick‐day management and early identification and treatment of impending DKA. Teaching and reinforcement of sick‐day rules involves improved self‐care with consistent self‐monitoring of blood glucose and ketones, and timely administration of supplemental insulin and fluids. DKA as an initial manifestation of T1D may be less amendable to prevention except with an increased awareness by the lay and medical communities of the symptoms of diabetes and surveillance in high‐risk populations potentially identified by family history or genetic susceptibility. New technologies that can detect the blood ketone 3β‐hydroxybutyrate (3β‐OHB) instead of traditional urine ketones appears to provide opportunity for early identification and treatment of impending DKA leading to reduced need for hospitalization and potential cost‐savings.
A Review Related to Midwifery Led Model of Care

Background: Midwifery led care (MLC) is a model of care in which perinatal care is provided to women throughout different phases of childbirth by a midwife. Objective: This paper aims to provide a literature review on MLC. Methods: A variety of databases and reports were considered to do the literature review on MLC. The search was limited from 1991 to 2011 by using keywords. A total of 50 articles were critically appraised for this review. Findings: The main theme that emerged was women’s satisfaction with MLC. Satisfaction was integrated with midwife’s presence throughout childbirth, experience to enhance normality in childbirth, cost-effectiveness of MLC, and facilitation of women’s choice and control during labor. Conclusion: The review concludes that MLC is women-friendly as it considers and respects women’s needs holistically during childbirth.
Serum Lipoprotein Profile in Children With Celiac Disease

Jejunal mucosa is responsible for the absorption of triglycerides and the production of lipoproteins [chylomicrons, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)] and apolipoproteins (B-48, A-I, A-II, A-IV, C-II). Mucosal damage is known to cause fat malabsorption and probably also affects the serum lipid profile. To determine lipoprotein production in states of enterocyte dysfunction, we compared the serum lipid profiles in a group of 12 children with untreated celiac disease (flat jejunal mucosa) with the profiles in a control group of 10 children suffering from other intestinal diseases. Statistically significant differences were found in the following parameters (celiac versus control): plasma levels of triglycerides (70 versus 119 mg/dl), cholesterol content in LDL (107 versus 67.7 mg/dl), protein content in VLDL (6 versus 10 mg/dl), and level of apoprotein A-I (112 versus 140 mg/dl). No significant differences were found between the two groups in the serum levels of total cholesterol, the cholesterol content in VLDL and HDL, the protein content in LDL and HDL, and the level of apoprotein B. Following institution of a gluten-free diet, the lipoprotein profile reverted to normal. These data suggest that the changes in the serum lipoprotein profile in celiac disease are secondary to alterations in enterocyte function and not only a reflection of fat malabsorption.
Strategic Investments, Trading, and Pricing Under Forecast Updating

This paper considers two independent firms that invest in resources such as capacity or inventory based on imperfect market forecasts. As time progresses and new information becomes available, the firms update their forecasts and have the option to trade their resources. The trade contract is determined as the bargaining equilibrium or, alternatively, as the price equilibrium. Assuming a fairly general form of the profit functions, we characterize the Nash equilibrium investment levels, which are first-best under the price equilibrium trade contract, but not under the bargaining equilibrium trade contract. To gain additional insights, we then focus on firms that face stochastic demand functions with constant price elasticity and have contingent pricing power. Assuming a general forecast evolution process, we characterize the impact of the option to trade and the firms' cooperation on equilibrium investments, expected prices, profits, and consumer surplus. Finally, to study the main driving forces of trading, we employ a well-established and empirically tested forecast updating model in which the forecast evolution process follows a two-dimensional geometric Brownian motion. Under this model, we prove that the equilibrium investments, expected prices, profits, and consumer surplus are nondecreasing in the quality and timing of forecast revisions, in market variability, and in foreign exchange volatility, but are nonincreasing in market correlation.
‘Dirty work’, but someone has to do it: Howard P. Robertson and the refereeing practices of Physical Review in the 1930s

In the 1930s the mathematical physicist Howard P. Robertson was the main referee of the journal Physical Review for papers concerning general relativity and related subjects. The rich correspondence between Robertson and the editors of the journal enables a historical investigation of the refereeing process of Physical Review at the time that it was becoming one of the most influential physics periodicals in the world. By focusing on this case study, the paper investigates two complementary aspects of the evolution of the refereeing process: first, the historical evolution of the refereeing practices in connection with broader contextual changes, and second, the attempts to define the activity of the referee, including the epistemic virtues required and the journal's functions according to the participants' categories. By exploring the tension between Robertson's idealized picture about how the referee should behave and the desire to promote his intellectual agenda, I show that the evaluation criteria that Robertson employed were contextually dependent and I argue that, in the 1930s, through his reports the referee had an enormous power in defining what direction future research should take.
La cohésion des chromatides sœurs chez Escherichia coli

Chez les bacteries, la segregation du chromosome est initiee durant la phase de replication. Des experiences de time lapse, utilisees pour observer que la dynamique des loci freres durant le cycle cellulaire, montrent que, chez Escherichia coli, les regions sœurs restent colocalisees pour une periode significative dans les regions des macrodomaines du chromosome et pour une courte periode dans les regions non-structurees. Nous nous sommes poses la question suivante: est ce que l’etape de colocalisation revele une reelle cohesion entre les chromatides sœurs ? Pour y repondre, nous avons developpe un outil genetique, alternatif aux outils de biologie cellulaire, permettant de mesurer la distance entre les chromatides sœurs de maniere directe. La frequence de recombinaison intermoleculaire mediee par la recombinase Cre entre les sites loxP positionnes sur les chromatides sœurs est mesuree pour differentes positions. De cette frequence, nous avons pu deduire la proximite entre les chromatides sœurs. Nous revelons que les loci freres restent proche l’un de l’autre pour une courte periode apres la replication. Nous appelons cette etape la cohesion moleculaire, celle-ci est dependante du locus considere. Nous montrons que les facteurs qui favorisent la colocalisation des foci freres n’augmentent pas necessairement l’habilite des loci freres a recombiner. En effet, la proteine MatP, un acteur de la colocalisation des macrodomaines Ter, n’affecte pas la cohesion entre les deux copies de cette region. La Topoisomerase IV est un facteur essentiel a la segregation des chromosomes. En son absence, les chromosomes ne peuvent se segreger et restent colocalises dans la cellule. Nous revelons par le test de recombinaison que l’absence de Topoisometase IV dans les cellules provoque une augmentation des interactions entre chromatides sœurs. Au final, nous avons montre que l’etape de cohesion est differente de la colocalisation, que les mecanismes moleculaires different d’une etape a l’autre et que les liens de precatenation moduleraient la cohesion post-replicative entre chromatides sœurs.
Accurate area estimation model for FPGA based Implementation

This paper presents parametric area estimation model for implementation using FPGA’s from the Xilinx Spartan 3E family. Accurate estimates of the FPGA resources required provides the system designer important feedback on area which is valuable even during early design iterations. Detailed model for accurately estimating the number of LUT’s, block RAMs and 18X18 multipliers for benchmark circuits like FFT8,DCT8 etc. have been developed. In all cases model coefficients have been derived by using curve fitting analysis. Estimates are conservative, and accurate to within 12% of the post-mapping implementation report. In this paper ,we explain how block resource information is characterized in a MATLAB function. Area estimation in terms of LUT’s is with an average error of 6.37% for Spartan 3E. Keyword: Area Estimation, Field Programmable gate array (FPGA), HW/SW Partitioning, High-level synthesis.
Design of frequency reconfigurable antenna based on metasurface

A novel frequency reconfigurable antenna based on metasurface is proposed in this paper. The antenna, namely metasurface antenna, is made by a patch antenna covered with a metasurface in which numerous elliptical unit cells arranged periodically. The frequency reconfiguration can be realized by rotating the metasurface mechanically. Measured results, consistent with simulation ones, show ninety degree rotation can make resonant frequency changing from 4.52GHz to 5.31GHz. Antenna gain can reach 6.8dBi. The metasurface antenna has the advantages of low profile, high gain and no active jamming.
Complementary Cognitive and Social Perspectives in the Study of False Memory in Reading and Writing

This paper aims to discuss the interdisciplinary nature of memory research, exploring how cognitive and social approaches can be complementary in the study of memory, reading, and writing. We discuss two different phenomena to state our hypothesis: thematic distortions of reading texts and testimonial literature, and writing process about authoritarianism, social violence, and destruction. At the beginning, we introduce reading and memory in cognitive and social perspectives. After that, we explain implicit false memories and social memory. Finally, we suggest that to (re)construct social life it is necessary to compare different individual memories about it taking conclusions through the confrontation of various versions. In this way, remembering what happens is also a social matter, not an individual one, exclusively. To conclude, we propose that strong false memories that affect individual’s reasoning may result in text theme distortions or elaborations of new versions for some social event.
Assembly of Voltage-gated Potassium Channels

Voltage-gated potassium (K+) channels are assembled by four identical or homologous α-subunits to form a tetrameric complex with a central conduction pore for potassium ions. Most of the cloned genes for the α-subunits are classified into four subfamilies: Kv1 (Shaker), Kv2 (Shab), Kv3 (Shaw), and Kv4 (Shal). Subfamily-specific assembly of heteromeric K+ channel complexes has been observed in vitro and in vivo, which contributes to the diversity of K+ currents. However, the molecular codes that mediate the subfamily-specific association remain unknown. To understand the molecular basis of the subfamily-specific assembly, we tested the protein-protein interactions of different regions of α-subunits. We report here that the cytoplasmic NH-terminal domains of Kv1, Kv2, Kv3, and Kv4 subfamilies each associate to form homomultimers. Using the yeast two-hybrid system and eight K+ channel genes, two genes (one isolated from rat and one from Drosophila) from each subfamily, we demonstrated that the associations to form heteromultimers by the NH-terminal domains are strictly subfamily-specific. These subfamily-specific associations suggest a molecular basis for the selective formation of heteromultimeric channels in vivo.
Maize RNA Polymerase IV Defines trans-Generational Epigenetic Variation[W]

In this study, we show that in maize, RNA polymerase IV defines trans-generational phenotypic variation conditioned by specific haplotypes having promoter-proximal transposon fragments. This assigns a non-Mendelian evolutionary function to these highly conserved plant-specific polymerases. The maize (Zea mays) RNA Polymerase IV (Pol IV) largest subunit, RNA Polymerase D1 (RPD1 or NRPD1), is required for facilitating paramutations, restricting expression patterns of genes required for normal development, and generating small interfering RNA (siRNAs). Despite this expanded role for maize Pol IV relative to Arabidopsis thaliana, neither the general characteristics of Pol IV–regulated haplotypes, nor their prevalence, are known. Here, we show that specific haplotypes of the purple plant1 locus, encoding an anthocyanin pigment regulator, acquire and retain an expanded expression domain following transmission from siRNA biogenesis mutants. This conditioned expression pattern is progressively enhanced over generations in Pol IV mutants and then remains heritable after restoration of Pol IV function. This unusual genetic behavior is associated with promoter-proximal transposon fragments but is independent of sequences required for paramutation. These results indicate that trans-generational Pol IV action defines the expression patterns of haplotypes using co-opted transposon-derived sequences as regulatory elements. Our results provide a molecular framework for the concept that induced changes to the heterochromatic component of the genome are coincident with heritable changes in gene regulation. Alterations of this Pol IV–based regulatory system can generate potentially desirable and adaptive traits for selection to act upon.
DisSimJADE: a framework for the development of agent-based distributed simulation systems

The adoption of an agent-based approach that incorporates intelligence, adaptation and learning abilities has proved to significantly increase the realism and the accuracy of the simulation. Simulation systems of such a kind, however, require computational resources that might be considerable for a single agent, so to become unfeasible when the number of simulated agents scales up. A distributed environment is thus needed to allow the execution of such simulation systems, particularly in the case of scenarios populated by a large number of agents. Building an agent-based distributed simulation system, however, requires both specific expertise and knowledge of distributed simulation standards and a non-negligible amount of effort to develop ad-hoc components. This paper introduces a simulation framework named DisSimJADE, which enables the incorporation of distributed simulation facilities into existing agent-based systems. DisSimJADE is built on top of the popular agent-based framework JADE and allows to define agent-based simulation systems that can be transparently executed either in a local or distributed, therefore bringing significant savings in terms of effort and development time. In addition, DisSimJADE provides a uniform interface to the JADE framework, which further facilitates the production of distributed simulation systems to developers of JADE-based multi-agent systems.
Recent Progress in Phase-Change Memory Technology

We survey progress in the PCM field over the past five years, ranging from large-scale PCM demonstrations to materials improvements for high-temperature retention and faster switching. Both materials and new cell designs that support lower-power switching are discussed, as well as higher reliability for long cycling endurance. Two paths towards higher density are discussed: through 3D integration by the combination of PCM and 3D-capable access devices, and through multiple bits per cell, by understanding and managing resistance drift caused by structural relaxation of the amorphous phase. We also briefly survey work in the nascent field of brain-inspired neuromorphic systems that use PCM to implement non-Von Neumann computing.
Deconvolution When Classifying Noisy Data Involving Transformations

In the present study, we consider the problem of classifying spatial data distorted by a linear transformation or convolution and contaminated by additive random noise. In this setting, we show that classifier performance can be improved if we carefully invert the data before the classifier is applied. However, the inverse transformation is not constructed so as to recover the original signal, and in fact, we show that taking the latter approach is generally inadvisable. We introduce a fully data-driven procedure based on cross-validation, and use several classifiers to illustrate numerical properties of our approach. Theoretical arguments are given in support of our claims. Our procedure is applied to data generated by light detection and ranging (Lidar) technology, where we improve on earlier approaches to classifying aerosols. This article has supplementary materials online.
Evidence-Based Guidelines for the Secondary Prevention of Falls in Older Adults

Background: Falls are a significant problem for older adults. Individuals who have sustained a fall come to the attention of health care providers and are at risk of further falls. To promote the highest quality of care and reduce variation in care, a practice guideline is needed. Summarization of evidence regarding falls may be useful to researchers in this field. Objectives: To provide evidence-based guidelines of assessment and treatment to prevent falls in older adults and to provide researchers with tables of risk factor studies and randomized controlled trials of falls prevention. Methods: A template for the development of practice guidelines from the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research was used. Evidence for risk factors was accepted from prospective studies with more than 80% follow-up. Potentially modifiable risk factors were selected and a schema for evaluating the importance of each risk factor was used. Evidence for interventions was examined from randomized controlled trials and strength of the evidence was graded. Recommendations for aspects of care where judgment was required were made by panel consensus. Results: Information was drawn from 46 risk factor studies and 37 randomized controlled trials to develop a practice guideline consisting of assessment items and recommended interventions for community-dwelling and institution-dwelling older adults separately. For clinicians, a check list is provided. Summary tables of the results of studies are given to substantiate the recommendations. Conclusions: For community-dwelling older adults, there is strong evidence for multi-factorial specific risk assessment and targeted treatment. Balance exercises are recommended for all individuals who have had a fall and there is evidence for a program of home physiotherapy for women over 80 years of age regardless of risk factor status. For institutional settings, the establishment of a falls program for safety checks, ongoing staff education and monitoring is substantiated by research. Residents who have fallen need to be assessed for specific risk factors and clinical indicators to determine relevant management options.
Effects of direct and pulse current on copper electrodeposition through photoresist molds

In this paper, electrodeposition of copper films and copper lines with direct and pulse currents is compared. In the first step, electrical and physicochemical characterizations of the copper films are realized, and the optimized electrodeposition parameters are so determined. The use of pulse reverse current is also investigated. In the second step, these parameters are applied to micromolding. Copper lines are electro-deposited and compared in order to determine the more suitable current mode for micromolding.