Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MANDIBULAR OSTEOMYELITIS IN RED DEER (CERVUS ELAPHUS HISPANICUS) AND FALLOW DEER (DAMA DAMA): OCCURRENCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN FREE-LIVING POPULATIONS IN SOUTHERN SPAIN

The prevalence of mandibular osteomyelitis, which results in a condition called lumpy jaw, and factors associated with its occurrence were investigated in syntopic free-living populations of red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) and fallow deer (Dama dama) in Spain. The study material consisted of 3,586 mandibles from 2,548 red deer and 1,038 fallow deer shot during sport hunting, herd management culls, and programs for population control between 1988 and 1997 (period 1) and 2002 and 2009 (period 2) in eastern Sierra Morena, southern Spain. Disease prevalence ranged from 0.36% to 10.91% among age groups. Older animals were significantly more likely to be affected than younger ones. Red deer stags had higher prevalence than other groups. There was a significantly higher prevalence in period 1, probably associated with differences in climatic and population conditions. High population densities of female red deer contributed significantly to occurrence of disease. Intensive herd management and poor environmental conditions were considered risk factors that increased susceptibility to disease. The study of this affliction could be useful for monitoring general herd welfare and ecologic changes in Mediterranean ecosystems.
Systemic Cytokine Levels Show Limited Correlation With Risk of HIV-1 Acquisition

Abstract:It has been hypothesized that immune activation and inflammation may increase HIV-1 susceptibility, and that cytokines may be useful biomarkers for risk. Within a prospective cohort, we conducted a nested case–control analysis of plasma cytokine levels among women who acquired HIV-1 <3 months after sampling, compared with 3 different control groups. We observed associations between lower interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 and higher IL-7 levels with HIV-1 acquisition, however, these associations were inconsistent when comparing with different control groups. Inconsistent results within our study and among previous studies suggest that reproducible findings are needed before cytokines are useful biomarkers for HIV-1 susceptibility.
Similar Age Related Increase of Vasopressin Colocalization in Paraventricular Corticotropin‐Releasing Hormone Neurons in Controls and Alzheimer Patients

Recent studies on experimental animals showed that long term activation of the hypothalamo‐pituitary‐adrenal axis is associated with increased vasopressin (AVP) colocalization in paraventricular corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) neurons. In the present study we estimated the fraction of CRH neurons in which AVP is colocalized by double label immunocytochemistry in hypothalami of 10 control subjects of 21 ‐91 years of age and 10 age‐matched Alzheimer patients. CRH neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of Alzheimer patients and control subjects showed similar age dependent increases in AVP colocalization. Based on this parameter, it seems that CRH neurons of Alzheimer patients are not overactivated as compared to age‐matched controls, but e.g. changes in m‐RNA for CRH should still be established.
Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) Immunoreactivity Is Present in Chromaffin Granules

Abstract: Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has recently been isolated from bovine adrenal glands. Immunohistological data revealed its presence in both adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla. Using immuno‐electronmicroscopy, we found that in medullary chromaffin cells bFGF‐immunoreactivity is localized in the secretory granules. Immuno‐reactivity also was observed by electronmicroscopy in isolated granules. Western blot analysis revealed the presence of the typical 18‐kDa bFGF and additional immunoreactive materials with molecular masses of ∼ 24, 30, and 46 kDa in whole bovine adrenal, and in cortex and medulla. Similar results were obtained with proteins from bovine chromaffin granules, with the following two exceptions: the 46‐kDa immunoreactivity was found to be highly enriched when compared with medulla or cortex, and the 18‐kDa band could be detected with only an antiserum against a synthetic peptide comprising the 24 NH2‐terminal amino acids of bFGF, and not with an antiserum against purified bovine pituitary bFGF. All fractions enriched for bFGF‐immunoreactivity showed neurotrophic activity for chick ciliary ganglion neurons, which could be blocked by antibodies. These results demonstrate for the first time the localization and occurrence of bFGF in a cellular secretory organelle, and present further evidence for the existence of higher molecular weight immunoreactive forms of bFGF.
Mitral Valve Vegetation in Antiphospholipid Syndrome

profiles and immunological studies of male lupus in Taiwan. Clin Rheumatol 1999;18:158–62. 41. Mackworth-Young CG, Parke AL, Morley KD, Fotherby K, Hughes GR. Sex hormones in male patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a comparison with other disease groups. Eur J Rheumatol Inflamm 1983;6:228–32. 42. Kamphuis S, Silverman ED. Prevalence and burden of pediatriconset systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2010;6: 538–46. 43. Lalani S, Pope J, de Leon F, Peschken C, and the Members of CaNIOS/1000 Faces of Lupus. Clinical features and prognosis of late-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: results from the 1000 Faces of Lupus Study. J Rheumatol 2010;37:38–44. 44. Lu Q, Wu A, Tesmer L, Ray D, Yousif N, Richardson B. Demethylation of CD40LG on the inactive X in T cells from women with lupus. J Immunol 2007;179:6352–8. 45. Carrel L, Willard HF. X-inactivation profile reveals extensive variability in X-linked gene expression in females. Nature 2005; 434:400–4.
Overexpression of PIP 2 ; 5 Aquaporin Alleviates Effects of Low Root Temperature on Cell Hydraulic Conductivity and Growth in Arabidopsis 1 [ W ] [ OA ]

The effects of low root temperature on growth and root cell water transport were compared between wild-type Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and plants overexpressing plasma membrane intrinsic protein 1;4 (PIP1;4) and PIP2;5. Descending root temperature from 25°C to 10°C quickly reduced cell hydraulic conductivity (Lp) in wild-type plants but did not affect Lp in plants overexpressing PIP1;4 and PIP2;5. Similarly, when the roots of wild-type plants were exposed to 10°C for 1 d, Lp was lower compared with 25°C. However, there was no effect of low root temperature on Lp in PIP1;4and PIP2;5-overexpressing plants after 1 d of treatment. When the roots were exposed to 10°C for 5 d, Lp was reduced in wild-type plants and in plants overexpressing PIP1;4, whereas there was still no effect in PIP2;5-overexpressing plants. These results suggest that the gating mechanism in PIP1;4 may be more sensitive to prolonged low temperature compared with PIP2;5. The reduction of Lp at 10°C in roots of wild-type plants was partly restored to the preexposure level by 5 mM Ca(NO3)2 and protein phosphatase inhibitors (75 nM okadaic acid or 1 mM Na3VO4), suggesting that aquaporin phosphorylation/dephosphorylation processes were involved in this response. The temperature sensitivity of cell water transport in roots was reflected by a reduction in shoot and root growth rates in the wild-type and PIP1;4-overexpressing plants exposed to 10°C root temperature for 5 d. However, low root temperature had no effect on growth in plants overexpressing PIP2;5. These results provide strong evidence for a link between growth at low root temperature and aquaporin-mediated root water transport in Arabidopsis.
A new smoothed aggregation multigrid method for anisotropic problems

A new prolongator is proposed for smoothed aggregation (SA) multigrid. The proposed prolongator addresses a limitation of standard SA when it is applied to anisotropic problems. For anisotropic problems, it is fairly standard to generate small aggregates (used to mimic semi‐coarsening) in order to coarsen only in directions of strong coupling. Although beneficial to convergence, this can lead to a prohibitively large number of non‐zeros in the standard SA prolongator and the corresponding coarse discretization operator. To avoid this, the new prolongator modifies the standard prolongator by shifting support (non‐zeros within a prolongator column) from one aggregate to another to satisfy a specified non‐zero pattern. This leads to a sparser operator that can be used effectively within a multigrid V‐cycle. The key to this algorithm is that it preserves certain null space interpolation properties that are central to SA for both scalar and systems of partial differential equations (PDEs). We present two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional numerical experiments to demonstrate that the new method is competitive with standard SA for scalar problems, and significantly better for problems arising from PDE systems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Co-permeability of 3H-labeled water and 14C-labeled organic acids across isolated plant cuticles. Investigating cuticular paths of diffusion and predicting cuticular transpiration

Penetration of 3 H-labeled water ( 3 H 2 O) and the 14 C-labeled organic acids benzoic acid ([ 14 C]BA), salicylic acid ([ 14 C]SA), and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid ([ 14 C]2,4-D) were measured simultaneously in isolated cuticular membranes of Prunus laurocerasus L. , Ginkgo biloba L. , and Juglans regia L. For each of the three pairs of compounds ( 3 H 2 O/[ 14 C]BA, 3 H 2 O/[ 14 C]SA, and 3 H 2 O/[ 14 C]2,4-D) rates of cuticular water penetration were highly correlated with the rates of penetration of the organic acids. Therefore, water and organic acids penetrated the cuticles by the same routes. With the combination 3 H 2 O/[ 14 C]BA, co-permeability was measured with isolated cuticles of nine other plant species. Permeances of 3 H 2 O of all 12 investigated species were highly correlated with the permeances of [ 14 C]BA ( r 2 = 0.95). Thus, cuticular transpiration can be predicted from BA permeance. The application of this experimental method, together with the established prediction equation, offers the opportunity to answer several important questions about cuticular transport physiology in future investigations.
Ovarian conservation at the time of hysterectomy for benign disease.

To the Editor: We read with interest the decision analysis model developed by Parker et al1 regarding ovarian conservation at the time of hysterectomy for benign disease. The previous model developed by Armstrong et al2 suggested that prophylactic oophorectomy after completion of childbearing lengthened life expectancy in women with inherited BRCA1/2 mutations. In contrast, current study reports that prophylactic oophorectomy at the time of benign pelvic surgery at less than 65 years of age increases the risk of dying, primarily due to increased deaths from coronary heart disease. The basis for the heart disease data is the Nurses Health Study,3 an observational study that reported twice the risk of dying from coronary disease after surgical menopause compared with premenopausal women. There is a well-known discrepancy between the results of observational studies and experimental trials with regard to cardio-protective effect of hormone replacement therapy. The Women’s Health Initiative study4 reported an increased rate of coronary events in women on estrogen with a relative risk of 1.29. In light of this, one could question the cardio-protective effect of the minute amount of endogenous estrogen (if any) secreted by postmenopausal ovaries and, thereby, the role of ovarian conservation in cardiovascular mortality. Additionally, the predominant hormone secreted by the postmenopausal ovary is testosterone, which has an adverse affect on lipid profile. The validity of the results derived from the decision analysis models is dependent on the data that are entered into the model. The current model looked only at the risk of mortality from ovarian cancer but does not take into account the morbidity related to ovarian preservation, such as the 5% risk of reoperation for benign ovarian disease, the technical difficulty associated with a repeat operation, and the anxiety incurred by the patient until malignancy is excluded. In contrast, Pell et al5 included both life expectancy, quality adjusted life expectancy, and individual patient characteristics in their decision model for prophylactic oophorectomy, to provide better guidance in the decision-making process. It is unlikely that many of the practicing physicians will change their practices based on the current decision model. As new evidence emerges, the conclusions from models such as these would need to be updated. Ultimately, a randomized trial comparing prophylactic oophorectomy with ovarian conservation at the time of pelvic surgery for benign disease in low-risk women will provide the final answer to this widely debated question.
Anterior glenohumeral laxity and stiffness after a shoulder-strengthening program in collegiate cheerleaders.

CONTEXT Approximately 62% of all cheerleaders sustain some type of orthopaedic injury during their cheerleading careers. Furthermore, the occurrence of such injuries has led to inquiry regarding optimal prevention techniques. One possible cause of these injuries may be related to inadequate conditioning in cheerleaders. OBJECTIVE To determine whether a strength and conditioning program produces quantifiable improvements in anterior glenohumeral (GH) laxity and stiffness. DESIGN Descriptive laboratory study. SETTING University laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A sample of 41 collegiate cheerleaders (24 experimental and 17 control participants) volunteered. No participants had a recent history (in the past 6 months) of upper extremity injury or any history of upper extremity surgery. INTERVENTION(S) The experimental group completed a 6-week strength and conditioning program between the pretest and posttest measurements; the control group did not perform any strength training between tests. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) We measured anterior GH laxity and stiffness with an instrumented arthrometer. We conducted a group × time analysis of variance with repeated measures on time (P < .05) to determine differences between groups. RESULTS A significant interaction was demonstrated, with the control group having more anterior GH laxity at the posttest session than the strengthening group (P = .03, partial η2 = 0.11). However, no main effect for time (P = .92) or group (P = .97) was observed. In another significant interaction, the control group had less anterior GH stiffness at the posttest session than the strengthening group (P = .03, partial η2 = 0.12). Main effects for time (P = .02) and group (P = .004) were also significant. CONCLUSIONS Cheerleaders who participate in a shoulder-strengthening program developed less anterior GH laxity and more stiffness than cheerleaders in the control group.
erum osteopontin levels as a predictor of portal inflammation in patients with onalcoholic fatty liver disease

Background: Osteopontin is a secreted phosphorylated glycoprotein that is expressed by a variety of cell types and that mediates numerous and diverse biological functions. Osteopontin knockout mice are protected from obesity-induced hepatic steatosis. In the present study, we sought to investigate whether serum osteopontin concentrations are associated with liver histology in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Methods: Serum levels of osteopontin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 179 well-characterized patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver referred for liver histology and 123 control subjects. Results: Serum osteopontin levels were markedly higher in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ortal inflammation than in controls (p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis showed that osteopontin levels were strongly and independently associated with both portal inflammation (ˇ = 0.294, p < 0.01) and serum aminotransferase levels (aspartate aminotransferase: ˇ = 0.295, p < 0.01; alanine aminotransferase; ˇ = 0.285, p < 0.01). Conclusion: In summary, these data demonstrate that serum levels of osteopontin are elevated in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and are a significant independent predictor of portal inflammation in this clinical entity. © 2012 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r. l. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Length of the Solar Cycle: An Indicator of Solar Activity Closely Associated with Climate

It has recently been suggested that the solar irradiance has varied in phase with the 80- to 90-year period represented by the envelope of the 11-year sunspot cycle and that this variation is causing a significant part of the changes in the global temperature. This interpretation has been criticized for statistical reasons and because there are no observations that indicate significant changes in the solar irradiance. A set of data that supports the suggestion of a direct influence of solar activity on global climate is the variation of the solar cycle length. This record closely matches the long-term variations of the Northern Hemisphere land air temperature during the past 130 years.
Seafloor classification with a multi-swath multi-beam echo sounder

This thesis, co-directed by Jean-Marc Boucher and Ronan Fablet (IMT Atlantique) and co-supervised by Didier Charlot (iXBlue), Gilles Le Chenadec and Michel Legris (ENSTA Bretagne), was realized in the context of a convention CIFRE with the company iXBlue.iXblue develops and commercializes a multibeam echosounder (MBES) SEAPIX primarily dedicated to the fishery market. The system is optimized to offer the best compromise between performances capabilities and cost. In addition to the classical characteristics of an MBES, it offers the unique feature of scanning the seafloor (and the water column volume) by electronical beamform multiple the emission swaths from port to starboard, as well as from forward to backward. The objective of the thesis is to study the contribution of these new multi-swath capacities in the analysis and classification of the seafloor.The first part of the work consisted in carrying out a detailed analysis of the measurement chain. This study evaluated the consistency in acquiring the backscattering strength from different insonification modes. The second part investigated the discriminant characteristics of the backscattered signal while taking into account the acquisition geometry of each insonification mode. The last stage of the work involved to methods of fusing the acquired data. This study was carried out in two approaches; the first considers data from the same insonification mode (intra-mode) and the second from different modes (inter-mode), for the seafloor classification. The obtained experimental results highlight the interest of the proposed processing chain and a multi-mode architecture on the real datasets.
Éléments de phonétique acoustique

Les grands corpus oraux constituent des ressources scientifiques essentielles et de plus en plus centrales dans l'elaboration des theories sur la parole et le langage, a tous les niveaux du fonctionnement et de la structuration linguistiques et du comportement verbal : pragmatique, semantique, syntaxique, morphologique, phonologique, phonetique, etc. Dans tous ces domaines, l'automatisation de procedures de segmentation, d'etiquetage, d'annotation, d'extraction de parametres, de prise de mesures, de collecte, de traitement et d'analyse de donnees precises et variees est un enjeu fondamental pour l'assise de modeles et d'hypotheses linguistiques sur des descriptions factuelles et empiriques a grande echelle, notamment dans une approche ecologique de la parole. Dans cet enjeu, la phonetique acoustique occupe une place decisive, puisque tout niveau linguistique d'analyse (semi-)automatique de grands corpus oraux implique ou presuppose une lecture, un traitement ou une analyse du signal acoustique de paroles enregistrees. Les connaissances acoustiques sont donc indispensables, non seulement pour les etudes phonetiques, mais bien au-dela, pour toute etude de larges corpus de parole, meme si la matiere sonore n'est pas precisement l'objet linguistique investigue. Avant d'aborder les traitements specifiques appliques pour l'analyse phonetique de grands corpus oraux, il convient d'introduire l'acoustique et la phonetique acoustique, segmentale et suprasegmentale. Ainsi, ce chapitre expose les notions et parametres de base necessaires a l'analyse et la description acoustiques des sons de la parole, ainsi que les principales proprietes acoustiques des voyelles et des consonnes du francais, en lien avec leur articulation et leur coarticulation dans la parole spontanee.
Mechanisms of RIG-I-Like Receptor Activation and Manipulation by Viral Pathogens

ABSTRACT RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) play important roles in the host defense to numerous viral pathogens. Since they were discovered, much light has been shed on the molecular details of how these cytoplasmic viral RNA receptors sense viral infection and orchestrate antiviral innate immunity. Intriguingly, in addition to viral RNA binding, a series of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) is required for the rapid activation of RLRs and, inversely, for the prevention of aberrant innate immune signaling. Recent discoveries have shown that viruses manipulate the PTMs of RLRs to escape innate immune detection. This article highlights some of these recent findings in this fast-evolving field.
State-wide dissemination of a school-based nutrition education programme: a RE-AIM (Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) analysis

Abstract Objective The current study evaluated the overall public health impact of the ‘Shaping Up My Choices’ (SMC) programme, a 10-week school-based nutrition education curriculum developed for third-grade students, using the RE-AIM (Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) framework. Design Randomized controlled trial to evaluate the programme and secondary analysis of archival data to describe dissemination. Data were collected from programme records, teacher surveys and student pre-, post- and 3-month follow-up surveys. Setting Public elementary schools in California. Subjects An evaluation sample (938 students and nineteen teachers) and a dissemination sample (195 245 students and 7359 teachers). Results In the evaluation sample, differences between the control and intervention groups were observed for nutrition knowledge, self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, and intakes of vegetables, fruit (girls only), soda, and low-nutrient high-energy foods from pre- to post-survey. Group differences in change in knowledge, outcome expectancies and vegetable intake were sustained through the 3-month follow-up (efficacy). One hundred per cent of intervention teachers in the evaluation sample implemented all of the lessons (implementation). The dissemination sample represented 42 % of third-grade students (reach) and 39 % of third-grade classrooms in public elementary schools in California during 2010–2011 (adoption). Thirty-seven per cent of third-grade teachers in the dissemination sample reordered SMC materials during the subsequent school year (2011–2012; maintenance). Conclusions The SMC programme demonstrates the potential for moderate to high public health impact.