Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correction of systematic errors in CORE processing of DOSY data

DOSY data for mixtures are commonly processed either by single channel methods (e.g. HR‐DOSY) or multichannel methods (e.g. CORE). Both aim to separate the signals from species of different molecular sizes by their diffusion coefficients; the result is displayed either as a 2D plot (as in HR‐DOSY) or as individual spectra (as in CORE). Both types of methods are sensitive to any systematic errors in the experimental data. The effects of, and remedies for, two such sources of error, spatially non‐uniform pulsed field gradients (PFGs) and instrument instability, are demonstrated for CORE processing, using a corrected form of the Stejskal–Tanner equation and reference deconvolution, respectively. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How Do Clinicians Actually Use the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders in Clinical Practice and Why We Need to Know More

Abstract The clinical use of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is explicitly stated as a goal for both the DSM Fourth Edition and DSM Fifth Edition (DSM-5) revisions. Many uses assume a relatively faithful application of the DSM diagnostic definitions. However, studies demonstrate significant discrepancies between clinical psychiatric diagnoses with those made using structured interviews suggesting that clinicians do not systematically apply the diagnostic criteria. The limited information regarding how clinicians actually use the DSM raises important questions: a) How can the clinical use be improved without first having a baseline assessment? b) How can potentially significant shifts in practice patterns based on wording changes be assessed without knowing the extent to which the criteria are used as written? Given the American Psychiatric Association’s plans for interim revisions to the DSM-5, the value of a detailed exploration of its actual use in clinical practice remains a significant ongoing concern and deserves further study including a number of survey and in vivo studies.
Conserved Arabidopsis ECHIDNA protein mediates trans–Golgi-network trafficking and cell elongation

Multiple steps of plant growth and development rely on rapid cell elongation during which secretory and endocytic trafficking via the trans-Golgi network (TGN) plays a central role. Here, we identify the ECHIDNA (ECH) protein from Arabidopsis thaliana as a TGN-localized component crucial for TGN function. ECH partially complements loss of budding yeast TVP23 function and a Populus ECH complements the Arabidopsis ech mutant, suggesting functional conservation of the genes. Compared with wild-type, the Arabidopsis ech mutant exhibits severely perturbed cell elongation as well as defects in TGN structure and function, manifested by the reduced association between Golgi bodies and TGN as well as mislocalization of several TGN-localized proteins including vacuolar H+-ATPase subunit a1 (VHA-a1). Strikingly, ech is defective in secretory trafficking, whereas endocytosis appears unaffected in the mutant. Some aspects of the ech mutant phenotype can be phenocopied by treatment with a specific inhibitor of vacuolar H+-ATPases, concanamycin A, indicating that mislocalization of VHA-a1 may account for part of the defects in ech. Hence, ECH is an evolutionarily conserved component of the TGN with a central role in TGN structure and function.
Effect of plane of nutrition of dairy heifers before and during gestation on milk production, reproduction, and health.

Fifty-nine heifers (1 yr of age; 320 +/- 12 kg) were assigned to one of four treatments of a 2 x 2 factorial design. Main effects were plane of nutrition (ad libitum vs. moderate feeding) during the second isometric phase (1 yr of age to 3 mo of gestation) and during the second allometric phase (3 mo of gestation to 14 d before calving) of mammary development. During the isometric phase, average daily gain were . 72 and . 84 kg/d for heifers fed a moderate or ad libitum diet, respectively. During the allometric phase, average daily gain was affected by previous plane of nutrition and averaged . 84, . 66, . 95, and . 73 for continuous ad libitum, ad libitum followed by moderate, moderate followed by ad libitum, and continuous moderate feeding, respectively. The BW at the end of gestation and BW after calving were increased by ad libitum feeding during the allometric phase (643 vs. 605; 588 vs. 558 kg, respectively). Milk production, protein content, and withers height were not affected by plane of nutrition. Milk fat was increased by ad libitum feeding during the isometric phase (3.9 vs. 3.6%). Cows on ad libitum feeding during the allometric phase had reduced average daily gain during lactation (.02 vs. .15 kg/d). The resumption of ovarian activity (progesterone > 1 ng/ml) was not affected by treatment, but days to first observed estrus increased with ad libitum feeding during the allometric phase. Finally, ad libitum feeding during isometric phase resulted in a higher incidence of displaced abomasum after calving, 9 versus 2. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
MitImpact: an Exhaustive Collection of Pre‐computed Pathogenicity Predictions of Human Mitochondrial Non‐synonymous Variants

Mitochondrial DNA carries a tiny, but fundamental portion of the eukaryotic genetic code. As its nuclear counterpart, it is susceptible to point mutations. Their level of pathogenicity has been assessed for the newly discovered mutations only, leaving some degree of uncertainty on the potential impact of the unknown mutations. Here we present Mitochondrial mutation Impact (MitImpact), a queryable lightweight web interface to a reasoned collection of structurally and evolutionary annotated pathogenicity predictions, obtained by assembling pre‐computed with on‐the‐fly‐computed sets of pathogenicity estimations, for all the possible mitochondrial missense variants. It presents itself as a resource for fast and reliable evaluation of gene‐specific susceptibility of unknown and verified amino acid changes. MitImpact is freely available at http://bioinformatics.css‐mendel.it/ (tools section). ©2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long Term Development of Forest Stand Structure Following Catastrophic Fire in Yellowstone National Park: Do Landscape Legacies Persist?

The importance of large, infrequent natural disturbances, particularly as they influence postdisturbance succession, is well recognized. The conceptualization of ecological systems and landscapes as mosaics of patches generated by disturbance emphasizes successional change, which in turn is a major component of ecologists' understanding of disturbance in a landscape context. However, paradigms of succession largely evolved for small-scale dynamics. Subsequently, these paradigms do not adequately predict the spatial variability that occurs within the perimeter of large, infrequent disturbances, nor do they adequately consider the effects of heterogeneity on recovery of the system Understanding the nature of the disturbance mosaic and the factors controlling landscape patterns are crucial for predicting ecosystem dynamics and vegetation development in disturbance-prone landscapes, and research that addresses these questions remains a priority.
Typical scenarios and influencing factors on speech-handwriting

Combination of speech recognition and handwriting recognition as a text entry way has been widely used on mobile phone products. However, users seldom use speech recognition to input text. It probably because we didn't know what kind of situation was really suitable for using speech recognition to input text in daily life. The present study tried to answer what were typical scenarios and influencing factors for the combination of speech and handwriting in users' daily life. Three focus groups were conducted. Results suggested that environmental noise and social factors had an important influence on the usage of the speech recognition, while the attention demands and hands occupation limited the usage of the handwriting. Further, the speech-handwriting combination had special advantages in some scenarios, in terms of the entry speed, accuracy, and attention demands. And the combination way was less impacted by the environmental noises and social factors. These findings provided information for further filed studies and system design.
THORACIC-DISK PROTRUSIONS.

Sixty-one cases of surgically verified thoracic-disk protrusions (0.5% incidence) revealed that this condition affected both sexes equally, and that it was most common in patients in the fourth to sixth decade and at the lower four thoracic interspaces. The most common symptoms were pain, motor weakness, numbness, and visceral disturbances. Physical examination often revealed sensory loss, spastic paraparesis, hyperreflexia, and Babinski reflexes. Myelography was the most useful diagnostic aid, giving positive results for an intraspinal mass in 49 of 50 patients. The diagnosis is difficult to make clinically because thoracic-disk protrusion mimics many diseases. The surgical procedure most frequently used was complete laminectomy, and when possible the disk was removed extradurally. Postoperative results in patients with minimal neurological deficit have been gratifying, but in those with severe deficits they have been rather discouraging.
Plasticity of synaptic inhibition in mouse spinal cord lamina II neurons during early postnatal development and after inactivation of the glycine receptor α3 subunit gene

Synaptic inhibition mediated by GABAA receptors and glycine receptors (GlyRs) in the outer laminae of the spinal cord dorsal horn efficiently filters ascending nociceptive messages, controlling pathological pain symptoms. However, although many studies have utilized transgenic models to study spinal nociceptive processing, very little is known about the development of functional inhibitory synapses onto these interneurons in mice. Here we report that most interneurons in lamina II are placed under phasic control by both GABAergic and glycinergic synapses, a number of which exhibit dual GABA/glycine co‐release. A developmental switch is also apparent: a subpopulation of lamina II interneurons controlled exclusively by either GABAergic or glycinergic synapses becomes detectable only after postnatal days 15 and 21, respectively. Using mice older than postnatal day 21, we also characterized the plastic changes in glycinergic transmission resulting from the inactivation of the GlyR α3 subunit gene, a key player in inflammatory pain pathways. This allowed us to demonstrate that synapses containing GlyR α3 contribute in large part to synaptic inhibition in lamina II. In Glra3 knockout mice, we found that synaptic currents at the remaining glycinergic synapses, containing GlyR α1, showed faster decay kinetics with unchanged amplitudes but increased frequency. These findings explain the absence of any basal nociceptive hypersensitivity in Glra3 knockout mice, as GlyR α1 is still available for mediating synaptic inhibition at lamina II synapses, but cannot be modulated by the prostaglandin–E‐prostanoid type 2 (EP2) receptor–protein kinase A signalling cascade. Our results clearly demonstrate that presynaptic GABA/glycine release properties are influenced by the nature and complexity of postsynaptic inhibitory receptor subtypes.
Efecto de la concentración de bicarbonato sobre la viabilidad espermática en la especie porcina

El proceso de fecundacion consiste en la union de los gametos femenino y masculino para dar origen a un cigoto totipotente. Aunque el termino fecundacion se define con facilidad, las interacciones a nivel celular y molecular, asi como las condiciones fisico-quimicas del microambiente en el que la fecundacion tiene lugar son muy complejas y aun no totalmente esclarecidas. Se sabe que los espermatozoides recien eyaculados no son capaces de fecundar al ovocito, de modo que para adquirir dicha habilidad han de experimentar, previamente a la fecundacion, una serie de modificaciones durante su paso por el tracto genital de la hembra. Dichas modificaciones afectan a la composicion y estructura de su membrana plasmatica (Yanagimachi, 1988), lo que conocemos como capacitacion espermatica (Austin, 1951; Chang, 1951). Desde el lugar de deposicion del semen hasta el lugar de fecundacion, la composicion y caracteristicas de los diferentes ambientes uterinos a los que los espermatozoides se exponen en su progresion son fundamentales en el proceso de capacitacion. En la especie porcina en particular, el oviducto constituye un emplazamiento optimo para la capacitacion espermatica, ya que el epitelio oviductal y sus secreciones influyen de manera determinante en el proceso (Hunter, 1988). En condiciones in vivo, el fluido oviductal presenta en su composicion diferentes moleculas como el bicarbonato (HCO3), el calcio (Ca) y la albumina, necesarias e indispensables para que la capacitacion tenga lugar. En la actualidad, estas condiciones particulares de capacitacion pueden ser mimetizadas in vitro mediante la utilizacion de medios quimicamente definidos. Sin embargo, en la especie porcina los tratamientos espermaticos previos a la fecundacion in vitro (FIV) no han logrado alcanzar el rendimiento obtenido en otras especies animales, debido principalmente a la alta incidencia de polispermia (Hunter, 1991), definida como la penetracion del ovocito por mas de un espermatozoide.
Guidelines to software conversion

Data processing installations preparing to undergo a system transition are faced with several difficulties; prominent among these being the transition of the current workload to a new system. A report by the General Accounting Office published in September 1977, states that the annual Federal Government cost of modifying computer programs to enable them to execute correctly on a computer different from the one for which they were originally devised is estimated at more than $450 million. Comparable industry-wide figures are not available, but it is reasonable to assume that the overall cost of software conversion is significant. Furthermore, this is a non-productive cost; conversion per se results in no direct improvement in an organization's ability to fulfill its mission. Research and development efforts are under way at several universities and research laboratories to determine ways and means of producing portable software, i.e., software which is machine and configuration independent over a set of computer installations (e.g., see References 2 and 3). At the same time, industry is reacting to the problem in a variety of ways, including a softening of architectual differences (e.g., there are some half dozen IBM 370 "derivatives") and an improvement in emulation capabilities. U ntiI such efforts bear practical fruits, data processing organizations will periodically be faced with the prospect of a software conversion effort. Such an effort is invariably faced with distaste and apprehension. These are several reasons why system conversion is such a disruptive process. First of all, programmers must be shifted from their regular assignments to the conversion task. This is true whether or not an outside contractor is used to assist in the conversion. Proper conversion requires documentation, and old documentation is often found to be inadequate, even in well managed installations. Aggravating this condition is the fact that the programmers who originally coded the system are frequently no longer with the organization. It is also a sad fact that very few software development specifications include provisions for portability, even though techniques for reducing the impact of system changes on software are known and documented. Finally, conversion often will take place in conjunction with the implementation of a new system, thereby adding to the concomitant disruption.
Distribution of septohippocampal neurons containing parvalbumin or choline acetyltransferase in the rat brain

A combination of retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase or wheat germ agglutinin‐colloidal gold with either single or double‐label immunohistochemistry is used to describe the comparative topographic distribution of parvalbumin‐ and choline acetyltransferase‐immunoreactive septal neurons that project to the hippocampal formation of the rat. The morphometric parameters of the retrogradely labelled, parvalbumin‐containing neurons were very similar, if not identical, to those neurons of the midline and medial part of the medial septum and the diagonal band regions that had previously been shown to be immunoreactive for γ‐aminobutyric acid or for glutamate decarboxylase following colchicine treatment. The total number of parvalbumin‐immunoreactive and choline acetyltransferase‐positive retrogradely labelled cells was counted at 9 representative levels through the rostrocaudal extension (from 2.4 mm anterior to the level of bregma) of the medial septal‐diagonal band complex. In the whole medial septum‐vertical limb of the diagonal band region, about 33% of the total retrogradely labelled neurons showed immunoreactivity to parvalbumin, whereas the parvalbumin‐negative cells were mainly choline acetyltransferase‐immunopositive. In comparison with the average figure, the proportion of the retrogradely labelled parvalbumin‐containing neurons was higher in the middle part (around 1.5 mm anterior to the bregma) than in either the rostral or caudal ends. The reverse was true for the distribution of the cholinergic septohippocampal neurons. At the maximum levels the parvalbumin‐immunoreactive neurons accounted for more than half of the total retrogradely labelled cells in 4 out of 6 rats. Moreover, within the complexity of the septal neurons, a marked regularity of topographic organisation was observed in the distribution of retrogradely labelled parvalbumin‐containing GABAergic and choline acetyltransferase‐positive cholinergic neurons as if they were subdivided cytoarchitectonically.
Acceptability by Parents and Children of Deception in Pediatric Research

Objective: Deception has been used to investigate the role of developmental and behavioral factors in child health; however, its acceptability for use in pediatric research has received little empirical attention. This study examined the acceptability of deception in a pediatric pain research study as assessed through participating children's and parents' long-term perceptions of its use. Method: Ninety-four children (52 boys; meanage = 12.77 yr) and their parents (86 mothers, 8 fathers) completed a structured interview that assessed perceptions of various aspects of deception in a pediatric pain study, 2.5 years after participating. Results: A minority of parents (25.5%) and children (13.8%) spontaneously recalled that deception was used. Overall, parents and children reported positive experiences with research participation, felt comfortable with the debriefing process, and deemed the research to be of societal importance. Opinions about researchers and psychologists were not negatively impacted, and most reported willingness to participate in research involving deception again. Conclusion: When thoughtfully planned and disclosed, deception in pediatric research seems to be acceptable to parents and children. Future research should further examine the acceptability of deception and alternatives (e.g., authorized deception) among pediatric samples.
Pretreatment Diagnosis of Suprasellar Papillary Craniopharyngioma and Germ Cell Tumors of Adult Patients

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Suprasellar papillary craniopharyngiomas and germ cell tumors in adults share some clinical and imaging similarities but have different therapeutic strategies and outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the pretreatment diagnosis of these 2 tumors to improve the therapeutic outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled 18 adults with papillary craniopharyngiomas and 17 with germ cell tumors. The MR imaging findings were evaluated, including signal change and anatomic extension. The medical records were reviewed to collect clinical findings, management, and outcomes. RESULTS: The clinical findings of papillary craniopharyngiomas versus germ cell tumors were as follows: age: 46 ± 13.9 years versus 23 ± 7.1 years (P < .0001); diabetes insipidus: 2/18 (11%) versus 11/17 (65%) (P = .001); recurrence 13/16 (81%) versus 4/17 (24%) (P = .0031). The MR imaging findings of papillary craniopharyngiomas versus germ cell tumors were as follows—pituitary stalk thickening: 1.6 ± 0.4 mm versus 5.4 ± 4.2 mm (P < .0001); vertical infundibular extension: 1/18 (6%) versus 16/17 (94%) (P < .0001); sagittal spheric shape: 17/18 (94%) versus 1/17 (6%) (P < .0001); diffusion restriction: 1/17 (6%) versus 8/12 (67%) (P = .0009). CONCLUSIONS: Younger age, diabetes insipidus, MR imaging characteristics of restricted diffusion, and vertical infundibular extension favor the diagnosis of germ cell tumors. Spheric shape without infundibular infiltration provides clues to papillary craniopharyngiomas, which originate from the pars tuberalis and are located outside the third ventricle. We suggest that suprasellar germ cell tumor is possibly an intraventricular lesion. Appropriate treatment planning can be initiated according to the diagnosis and anatomic location.
Physiological effects of variations in spontaneously chosen crank rate during submaximal and supramaximal upper body exercise. Int J Sports Med 1999; 19: 239-245 re: Marais G, Weissland T, Robin H, Vanvelcenaher JM, Lavoie JM, Pelayo P.

The first concern relates to the caloric equivalent of oxygen consumption at a respiratory exchange ratio (R) of 1.0 used in the study. In the article Marais and colleagues point out that most values of R recorded were in excess of 1.0. In view of this the authors used '. a mean caloric equivalent of 4.825 kcal × L– 1 oxygen consumed . '. However, it is well documented that the caloric equivalence of oxygen consumption at and above an Rvalue of 1.0 ranges from 5.047 kcals × L–1 (McArdle et al. 1996, [1]) to 5.189 kcal × L–1 oxygen consumed (Pérronet & Massicotte 1991, [2]).
Performance enhancement of the tunnel field effect transistor using a SiGe source

Due to extremely low off state current (IOFF) and excellent sub-threshold characteristics, the tunnel field effect transistor (TFET) has attracted a lot of attention for low standby power applications. In this work, we aim to increase the on state current (ION) of the device. A novel device architecture with a SiGe source is proposed. The proposed structure shows an order of improvement in ION compared to the conventional Si structure. A process flow adaptable to conventional CMOS technology is also addressed.
A 1.2-V, 600-MS/s, 2.4-mW DAC for WLAN 802.11 and 802.16 Wireless Transmitters

For the present and up-coming WLAN applications (802,11a/g, 802.11n, 802.16), a transmission baseband architecture uses a 600-MS/s current-steering DAC with a passive output load to perform the baseband signal processing, avoiding the use of any active reconstruction filter. In a 0.13-mum CMOS technology the DAC consumes 2.4 mW from a single 1.2-V supply voltage. The DAC exhibits a full-scale SFDR of 68 dB for an input signal frequency of 12 MHz and a full-scale dynamic range of 9.7 bits between 0 and 10 MHz. These data correspond to the best reported figure of merit, if compared with state-of-the-art digital-to-analog converters