Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intestinal colonization of infants with multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginos in tertiary care center in Jordan

Background: Pseudomonas.aeruginosa is among the most common opportunistic hospital pathogens, which exhibit an innate resistance and has developed increasing resistance to many useful antimicrobial agents over the last decades. This study investigated the occurrence of important types of ESBLs and MBLs in association with potential important virulence factors among P. aeruginosa isolates from feces of Jordanian infants. Methods: A total of 302 feces samples were obtained randamely from neonates and infants admitted to Pediatric Clinic and the Neonate Intensive Care Unit (NICU)/Jordan University Hospital (JUH), over a 9-months period(2016- 2017). Fecal samples were cultured for P.aeruginosa and their growth was identified and tested using microbiological and antibiotic susceptibility methods. Additionly, virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance genes and genotypes were detected using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results: A total of 16/302 (5.3%) of P. aeruginosa isolates were recovered from feces samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates ranged between the lowest 18.75% to meropenem and highest of 87.5% to azetreonam among 9 tested drugs. The percentage of specific genes of ESBLs and MBLs in 16 P.aeruginosa isolates were the following: blaOXA-50, blaTEM, blaCTX-M , blaVIM ,blaKPC , blaSHV ,blaGES, and blaVEB were detected at the rate of 13(81.2%), 13(81.2%), 12(75%), 12(75%), 11(68.7%), 10(62.5%), 2(12.5),1(6.2%), respectively. The percentage of the potential virulence genes in the same isolates were detected as follow: lasB, algD , toxA, exo S and exo U at the rate of 100%, 87.5% , 81.2%, 81.2%,31.2, respectively. All P.aeruginosa isolates observed to develop beta-hemolysis on both human and sheep blood agar, and to produce either pyoverdin ((56.3%) or pyocyanin (43.7%). Conclusions: The present study demonstrates high occurrence of multidrug resistant P.aeruginosa isolates in infant feces which carried high rates of important genes of ESBLs and MBLs and potential virulence factors.
Frequency of Cervical Intra-epithelial Neoplasia in Oral Contraceptive Pills Users in Zagazig University Hospitals

Background: Combined oral contraceptive pills (COCs) are widely used as contraceptive method. Some authors linked prolonged use of COCs to the development of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN). However, this link need more investigations to be proven. The aim of the study : was to assess the association between the long term use of combined oral contraceptive pills and the development of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia. Patients & methods : This cross-sectional observational study was carried out in the outpatient clinic of the Obstetrics & Gynecology Department at Zagazig University Hospitals and the Department of Pathology at the Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt, from December 2017 till January 2019. One hundred and thirty six women were included; All of them were currently using COCs or previously used it. Full history was taken from all the women, PAP smear was taken, fixed on glass slide by alcohol 95%, then staining with Papanicolaou stain and finally interpretation of the results using Bethesda system 2014 was done. Results: Abnormal PAP smear was correlated with the duration of COCs use, the longer the duration of COCs use, the higher the grade of abnormal PAP smear. Other factors that correlate positively with abnormal PAP smear in COCs users were older age, longer marital life and higher parity (> 3). On the contrary, mode of delivery, history of cervical cauterization or complaint of vaginal discharge had no impact. Conclusion: Positive association was noticed between the duration of COCs use and abnormal PAP smear and between its long term use and the higher grade of the abnormal PAP smear.
Evaluation of Human Anti IgG Polyclonal Antibody Production Conjugated with Peroxidase in Egg Yolk

Background: Egg yolk is a rich and accessible source of yolk immunoglobulin (Y immunoglobulin). Presently, polyclonal antibodies from mammalian sources are used for diagnosis. Antibody production from egg yolk gives a higher yield and turnover than that from lab animals, and invasive methods such as phlebotomy and causing stress to the animals are not required. Due to the issues regarding mammalian antibodies, we aimed to evaluate the human anti-IgG polyclonal antibody production conjugated with peroxidase in egg yolk. Methods: Population of laying hens reared in Agriculture/Isfahan University of Technology were used in 2017. After immunizing hen against pure human IgG, specific IgY (yolk immunoglobulin) was purified from the yolk by sedimentation with polyethylene glycol (PEG6000). To assess the molecular weight and activity of the product, SDS-PAGE and ELISA-test were used, respectively. Results: The complete molecular weight of IgY was 180 kDa and the molecular weight of its light and heavy chains were 27 and 67 kDa, respectively. Conclusion: Antihuman IgG IgY had a purity above 90%. The product of this study can be used to measure IgG class antibodies in order to diagnose different diseases.
Recent progress in the treatment of uveitic macular edema

ABSTRACT Introduction: Macular edema (ME) is defined as a thickening of the macular area, which results from a breakdown of the outer and/or inner blood-retina barrier. It is usually accompanied by quantity and quality loss of central vision. Uveitic macular edema (UME) is a leading cause of visual loss due to macular edema chronification. A number of treatment options are available for UME including periocular and intravitreal corticosteroids, immunosuppressants and biological agents. Pars plana vitrectomy also plays a role in refractory patients. Areas covered: We herein provide a summary of current options to treat UME, highlighting strengths and weaknesses on the basis of available literature and self-experience. Expert opinion: Visual prognosis in uveitis has improved as treatment of macular edema has done in the last decade. Corticosteroid slow-release intravitreal implants as well as anti-TNF and anti-IL-6 biologic drugs have been the cornerstone of these medical advances.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN MODEL LATIHAN ISOMETRIK TERHADAP KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH PADA MENCIT (MUS MUSCULUS) DIABETES MELLITUS

Berdasarkan penelitian terbaru, olahraga/ latihan mempunyai efek yang signifikan dalam menurunkan glukosa darah penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi efek dari model latihan isometrik terhadap kadar glukosa darah pada mencit yang dikondisikan mengalami diabetes mellitus. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen murni ( True Experiment ). Menggunakan rancangan eksperimen The Randomise Post Test Only Control Group Design . Sampel adalah mencit jantan dengan berat 20-27 gram. 27 ekor mencit jantan dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok yaitu kelompok control terdiri dari mencit normal yang diinjeksi NaCl sebagai placebo. Kelompok kedua adalah mencit diabetes yang tidak diberikan latihan isometrik dan kelompok ketiga adalah mencit diabetes diberikan latihan isometrik. Kelompok kedua dan ketiga diinjeksi streptozotocin (STZ) untuk meginduksi DM. Setelah 48 jam diinjeksi, kedua kelompok diberikan glukosa oral (Dextrose-40%). Kelompok ketiga diberikan latihan isometrik menggunakan treadmill selama 23.31 menit dengan kecepatan 21 cm/detik dan sudut elevasi 0°. Data dianalisa menggunakan One Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, ANOVA test dan Least Significance Difference (LSD) dengan α<0.05. Analisa One Kolmogorov-Smirnov test p=0.94 pada kelompok kontrol, p=0.50 pada kelompok mencit diabetes, and p=0.19 pada kelompok perlakuan. Hasil ANOVA tes adalah p=0.08. Hasil LSD untuk gluksa darah adalah p=0.23 untuk kelompok perlakuan. Hal ini mungkin terjadi karena pada kelompok kedua terdapat 2 mencit dengan glukosa darah normal dan pada kelompok ketiga kadar glukosa darah awal tidak diketahui. Sehingga, mungkin saja kelompok tersebut juga memiliki kadar glukosa darah normal. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada efek latihan isometrik dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa darah. Penelitian selanjutnya disarankan mengidentifikasi lebih jauh tentang frekuensi dan intensitas latihan isometrik yang dapat mempengaruhi penurunan kadar glukosa darah.
Comparison of Peri-operative and Early Oncological Outcomes of Robot-Assisted vs. Open Salvage Lymph Node Dissection in Recurrent Prostate Cancer

Introduction: Salvage lymph node dissection (sLND) has been proposed as a treatment option for prostate cancer patients with lymph node (LN) recurrence following radical prostatectomy to delay or avoid palliative androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Historically sLND has been performed using an open approach, with its associated morbidity. A limited number of studies have reported peri-operative outcomes following robot-assisted sLND. However, a direct comparison with the open approach has hitherto not yet been reported. This study investigates whether robot-assisted sLND is associated with better peri-operative outcomes compared to the open approach. Early oncological outcomes are also compared. Patients and methods: In this retrospective study, clinical data were collected from 60 patients undergoing open sLND between 2010–2016 and 30 patients undergoing robot-assisted sLND between 2016 and 2018 at our tertiary referral center. The primary objective of the study was to compare peri-operative outcomes (length of stay, estimated blood loss, operative time, intra-operative, and postoperative complications) and LN yield between both procedures. As secondary objective early oncological outcome [biochemical recurrence-free survival (BRFS) and clinical recurrence-free survival (CRFS)] was compared. Variables of interest were compared using the chi-squared test (categorical variables), two sample t-test, and Mann-Whitney U-test (continuous variables). To compare BRFS and CRFS, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and log-rank tests were performed. Results: Robotic sLND was associated with reduced blood loss (median 100 vs. 275cc; p < 0.0001) and shorter length of stay (median 2 vs. 7 days; p < 0.0001) compared to open sLND. Moreover, postoperative complications within 30 days after surgery were more prevalent in the open sLND group compared to the robotic group (41.6% vs. 20%, p = 0.04). No significant differences in LN yield (for each sLND template), BRFS, and CRFS were detected between both groups. Conclusion: Robot-assisted sLND is associated with significantly reduced peri-operative morbidity compared to open sLND. No difference in LN yield, BRFS and CRFS was seen between both groups. Modern imaging techniques underestimate the tumor burden and therefore, the surgical sLND template should not be limited to the positive spots on pre-operative imaging.
Salivary pH and DMFT Index in Smokers and Non-smokers: A Comparative Study Based on the Quantitative Rate of Smoking

Background: The effect of cigarette smoking duration on salivary pH and its relation to the rate of dental caries is unknown. Our aim was to comparatively investigate the salivary pH and DMFT index in cigarette smokers and non-smokers based on the quantitative rate of smoking. Methods: This case-control study was conducted using simple random sampling. Three ml samples of not stimulated whole saliva were collected from 92 smokers and 37 nonsmokers. DMFT indices were recorded. The rate of smoking was calculated by pack-year index. Salivary pH was measured by pH meter (744 Metrohm). The data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation coefficient was used to compare the status of pH and DMFT between smokers and non-smokers. The correlation of pH level and DMFT index with the amount of smoking was also investigated in smokers. Results: The mean salivary pH level in smokers and non-smokers was 6.57±0.06 and 7.04±0.06, respectively. The mean DMFT in smokers and nonsmokers was 7.60±0.5 and 4.80±0.5, respectively. Salivary pH decreased significantly with the increase of pack-year index (P=0.01). The relationship between DMFT and the amount of smoking was not significant. DMFT index was significantly higher in smokers with over 300 pack-years than in other smokers (P=0.01). Conclusions: Cigarette smoking was associated with lower salivary pH and higher DMFT index. The increased number of smoked cigarettes was associated with increased number of decayed teeth.
The Era of Endovascular Treatment in Venous Disease: What Can We Do and Who Gets Benefit?

Venous system is very different and more complex than arterial system. To deliver blood against the forces of gravity, venous system rely on valve function and peripheral muscle pump. In acute venous disease, blood becomes stasis and leads to deep vein thrombosis. In chronic condition, clinical manifestation may vary from either venous obstruction or vascular incompetence. In general venous diseases are devided into venous thromboembolism and chronic venous insufficiency.
Major limb loss (MLL): an overview of etiology, outcomes, experiences and challenges faced by amputees and service providers in the post-conflict period in Northern Uganda

# Background Trauma is a leading cause for major limb loss (MLL) during war. As societies transition into peace other factors become important. The voluntary sector plays a diminishing role in service delivery as countries transition towards peace. # Methods We undertook a retrospective review of 141 inpatient case notes at two hospitals in Northern Uganda to study the etiology of MLL. Focus group discussions, a literature search and key informant interviews were undertaken to ascertain patients' experience and the state of current services. # Results The most common indication for amputation was malignancy (36%), followed by gangrene and complications from diabetes. Trauma was the 5^th^ most common cause. The mean (standard deviation, SD) age of this cohort was 43 (22.2) years and the mean (SD) distance from their homes to the closest rehabilitation service unit was 91 (75) km. Less than 1% of patients were formally referred to rehabilitation services. Patients described experiences of stigma and marginalization impacting relationship and/or employability. Rehabilitation services were limited/unaffordable and inaccessible. Unpreparedness of government agencies in taking over rehabilitation services was evident. # Conclusions Non-communicable diseases account for the majority of MLL in this region now. These new cohorts of patients join an existing large pool of war-related amputees. Chronic dependence on the voluntary sector has rendered a state of unpreparedness amongst the local health providers.
Topology Control and Opportunistic Routing for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) are emerging to enable large-scale ocean monitoring with the goal of reducing the human knowledge gap of underwater environments and the life underneath them. However, several challenges still limit the deployments of UWSNs to small-scale and con-ﬁned underwater monitoring applications. The goals of this thesis are to inves-tigate and develop cutting-edge models, algorithms and protocols in order to tackle the fundamental data communication challenge in the underwater environment and advance the state-of-the-art towards feasible large-scale deployment of UWSN applications.
Role of Abdominal Ultrasonography in the Early Diagnosis of Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Introduction: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) can be defined as inflammatory intestinal disease characterized by variable degree of damage to the intestinal tract, ranging from mucosal injury to full-thickness necrosis and perforation (Obladen 2009). Aim of the work: to evaluate patients with suspected or proven NEC by abdominal and Doppler ultrasound to examine the usefulness of abdominal ultrasound and color Doppler ultrasound in early diagnosis of Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Patients and Methods: Prospective hospital based study that is conducted at Neonatal intensive care unit (N.I.C.U) at Sohag University Hospital. The study Period is from 31th October 2015 to 30th April 2016. All neonates with clinical, radiological findings suggesting necrotizing enterocolitis were included in the study. Results: A total of 20 neonates had met the inclusion criteria. Patients had variable clinical presentation, most common presentation was abdominal distension and brownish vomiting 35% of patients; 80% of patients had tense abdomen; 80% of patients had dullness of the abdomen; 80% had inaudible intestinal sounds and 20% had sluggish intestinal sounds. By Abdominal US Pneumatosis intestinalis was detected in 50% of cases in which 30% were diffuse and 20% were segmental in contrast to X ray that detected only 35% of cases (p value 0.003). Portal venous gas was detected in 25% of cases by US in comparison to only 10% by X ray with p value of 0.001. Conclusion: Abdominal ultrasound and color Doppler ultrasound were helpful in detecting cases with early stage of NEC. Abdominal ultrasound was helpful in early detection of complication as intestinal perforation and so early surgical management; thus may decrease morbidity and mortality rates.
Relational capital and knowledge transfer in universities

Purpose The importance of relational capital for the university has grown enormously in recent years. In fact, relational capital allows universities to promote and emphasize the effectiveness of the third mission. The purpose of this paper is to propose a case study involving an Italian university that recently set up a new research observatory, and, thanks to its success, succeeded in enhancing its relational capital. Design/methodology/approach The authors adopted an action research approach to analyze the case study. Consistently, the authors followed the analysis, diagnosis, and intervention phases. First, the authors focused on the identification of the strengths and weaknesses of the process through which the university created relational capital, and finally, the authors proposed solutions to improve the process. Findings This case study shows that the creation of relation capital for the host university was the result of a process of transfer and transformation of the individual relationships of the observatory’s promoters. Originality/value This paper contributes to filling a significant gap in the literature on relational capital and universities and provides useful insights into how these organizations can encourage its creation. It also allows scholars, managers, and politicians involved in higher education to gain a greater understanding of this relevant topic.
Incident cancer risk in dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor-treated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objective It is known that patients with diabetes are susceptible to cancer development due to long-standing diabetic conditions. This study aimed to investigate new-onset cancer risk associated with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors as compared to metformin, the first-line antidiabetic agent with promising anticancer activity, in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods A retrospective cohort study of adult T2DM patients was performed at a tertiary care hospital in Korea. Patients who received comparison therapies during 2008–2017 were propensity score (PS)-matched in a 1:1 ratio either to the DPP-4 inhibitors group or to the metformin group in accordance with their primary antidiabetic therapy. Results A total of 1538 patients (769 in each group) were found eligible for study entry. Although the rate of newly diagnosed malignancy, irrespective of specific sites or types, was numerically less frequent in the DPP-4 inhibitors group, the difference in overall cancer risk between groups was not statistically significant (HR=1.00, 95% CI=0.56–1.80, P=0.998). The PS-matched patients were further stratified by relevant patient factors and diabetes severity. No signal of increased risk of malignant complications among DPP-4 inhibitor-receiving diabetic patients was detected in any of the individual strata, nor in the subgroup patients where insulin-exposed patients were excluded from study analyses in consideration of its carcinogenic properties. Patient death or incident pancreatitis events were seldom encountered in both treatment groups; hence such risks were assessed as negligible with the use of either antidiabetic therapy. Conclusion This PS-matched cohort study demonstrated no elevated risk of malignant complications with DPP-4 inhibitor treatment relative to metformin treatment among T2DM patients, irrespective of patient sex, age, comorbid conditions, and diabetes severity status. Similar results were confirmed in the subgroup analyses where a potential confounding effect due to the between-group disparity in insulin co-therapy was eliminated by excluding insulin-exposed patients from risk assessments.
Frequency of Gastroesophageal reflux disease in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease admitted to Pulmonology Ward Khyber Teaching Hospital

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of obstructive lung disease characterized by partially reversible airflow limitation. COPD has two clinico-pathological types including emphysema and chronic bronchitis. These two factors vary from person to person. If frequency of Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is found to be higher in COPD patients it will help in deciding whether to routinely assess COPD patients for the likelihood ofGERDor not and manage adequately. Objective: To know about the frequency of GERD in patients with COPD effect relationship between GERD and COPD regarding the clinical significance of GERD in patients with COPD as it has a prognostic value in patients admitted to PulmonologyWard KTH. Methodology: A Descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at ChestWard, Khyber Teaching Hospital (KTH), Peshawar from April 2017 till October 2017. In this study 217 patients were observed. Patients (aged 18-70 years) were worked up with detailed history and clinical examination. Then, those satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria were subjected to spirometry and the Q-questionnaire. Spirometry was performed by the same qualified technician for all patients and interpreted by the same consultant of Pulmonology, who was a fellow of CPSP and graded according to GOLD guidelines into grade 1-4 on the basis of post bronchodilator FEV1. After filling the Q-questionnaire in patients with established COPD, the frequency of GERD were calculated among the total cases ofCOPDincluded in the study. Results: In performed study, the mean age was 61.92 years with standard deviation ± 11.619. Forty two percent patients were male and 57.6% patients were female. The frequency ofGERDwas 53.5% in patients with COPD. Conclusion: Our study concludes that the frequency of gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) was 53.5% in patients with COPD.