Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Component Identification and Evaluation for Legacy Systems-An Empirical Study-

In the field of software reengineering, many component identification approaches have been proposed for evolving legacy systems into component-based systems. Understanding the behaviors of various component identification approaches is the first important step to meaningfully employ them for legacy systems evolution, therefore we performed an empirical study on component identification technology with considerations of their similarity measures, clustering approaches and stopping criteria. We proposed a set of evaluation criteria and developed the tool CIETool to automate the process of component identification and evaluation. The experimental results revealed that many components of poor quality were produced by the employed component identification approaches; that is, many of the identified components were tightly coupled, weakly cohesive, or had inappropriate numbers of implementation classes and interface operations. Finally, we presented an analysis on the component identification approaches according to the proposed evaluation criteria, which suggested that the weaknesses of these clustering approaches were the major reasons that caused components of poor-quality. key words: component identification, evaluation criteria, legacy system, software reengineering, empirical study
Harmonics content based protection scheme for Micro-grids dominated by solid state converters

Protecting Micro-grids containing micro-sources equipped with power electronics interfaces is a major challenge for engineers developing techniques to exploit renewable energy sources for electricity generation. Conventional techniques based on overcurrent protection have major limitations and new techniques have to be explored. The method described in this paper provides reliable and fast detection for different types of faults within the micro-grid. This proposed protection scheme consists of two main stages. The first stage is mainly used to identify the type of the fault and the second stage which utilise the THD to discriminate between the faulted zones and as a result the relay will trip and isolate the faulted section leaving the rest of the network un-affected. Analysis and simulation results are presented for different types of faults within the micro-grid.
Analgesic efficacy of rectal acetaminophen and ibuprofen alone or in combination for paediatric day-case adenoidectomy.

BACKGROUND Acetaminophen and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have different mechanisms of action. We investigated if combining rectal acetaminophen with ibuprofen would provide better postoperative analgesia compared with either drug alone after adenoidectomy in children. METHODS 160 children, aged 1-6 yr, undergoing day-case adenoidectomy, were randomized to receive either acetaminophen 40 mg kg(-1), ibuprofen 15 mg kg(-1), their combination, or placebo rectally immediately after anaesthetic induction. A standard anaesthetic method was used and all children received alfentanil 10 micro g kg(-1) i.v. during induction. Meperidine 5-10 mg i.v. was used for rescue analgesia for a pain score (Objective Pain Scale) over 3. Recovery times, sedation scores and the need for rescue analgesia and adverse events during the first 24 h after anaesthesia were recorded. Rescue analgesic at home was ibuprofen 10 mg kg(-1). RESULTS Total meperidine requirements were significantly less in the groups receiving acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or their combination compared with the group receiving placebo indicating an opioid-sparing effect of 19-28% (P<0.05). Children given acetaminophen were more sedated than those given ibuprofen (P<0.05). Discharge criteria were fulfilled earlier in the ibuprofen group than in all the other groups (P<0.05). At home, less children (49%) needed rescue analgesia in the combination group compared with the other groups (74-77%) (P<0.02). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that prophylactically administered rectal acetaminophen combined with ibuprofen does not improve analgesia after adenoidectomy in the immediate postoperative period compared with either drug alone but does decrease the need for analgesia at home. Ibuprofen results in lesser sedation and faster discharge than when acetaminophen is used.
Myocardial metabolic changes during reperfusion of ventricular fibrillation: a 31P nuclear magnetic resonance study in swine.

OBJECTIVE Myocardial metabolic requirements during reperfusion of ventricular fibrillation are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to determine if controlled reperfusion after a clinically relevant global ischemia period of 10 mins was sufficient to prevent or reverse myocardial ischemia as indicated by changes in myocardial high energy phosphates, myocardial intracellular pH, and great cardiac vein lactate. DESIGN Prospective laboratory study with controlled reperfusion. SETTING Research laboratory at a university medical center. SUBJECTS Five swine weighing 19 +/- 3 kg. INTERVENTIONS Ten minutes of nonperfused ventricular fibrillation followed by reperfusion with cardiopulmonary bypass (flow 30 mL/kg/min) for 50 mins. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Myocardial adenosine triphosphate (ATP), phosphocreatine, and intracellular pH were determined using in vivo 31P nuclear magnetic resonance. Myocardial blood flow, measured by 15-mu radiolabeled microspheres, was significantly increased above baseline during reperfusion. Phosphocreatine was depleted during the 10 mins of nonperfused ventricular fibrillation, but recovered to 122 +/- 18% of baseline with reperfusion and was 112 +/- 18% at 60 mins (p < .005). ATP concentrations decreased to 51 +/- 16% of baseline after 10 mins of nonperfused ventricular fibrillation, improved to 67 +/- 9% of baseline with early reperfusion, and were 65 +/- 9% of baseline at 60 mins (p < .02). Myocardial intracellular pH improved from 6.11 +/- 0.18 after 10 mins of nonperfused ventricular fibrillation, to 6.89 +/- 0.20 with early reperfusion, and then decreased to 6.85 +/- 0.35 at 60 mins ventricular fibrillation (p < .001). Despite myocardial blood flows higher than baseline during the reperfusion period, great cardiac vein/aortic lactate gradient increased over the reperfusion period. CONCLUSION Prolonged reperfusion with supranormal myocardial blood flow does not restore normal myocardial aerobic metabolism in the fibrillating myocardium after a 10-min nonperfused ventricular fibrillation period.
THE ESTIMATION OF INFLUENCE OF OUT-OF-BALANCE INTANGIBLE ASSETS ON THE ENTERPRISE MARKET VALUE

The aim of this article is investigation of the factors of influence of out-of-balance intangible assets and other non-monetary factors on the general market value of the enterprises of small, middle-sized and big business with the aim of providing their competitiveness, further development and giving the possibility of managing the enterprise cost in the market. The investigation showed that the degree of influence of the latent non-monetary factors, including out-of-balance intangible assets can be much more essential than influence of balance intangible assets and other assets of the enterprise. Carrying out of the investigation allowed us to determine optimal methodological approaches y of determining the enterprise cost taking into account out-of-balance intangible assets. The methodology has a number of indisputable advantages, which can be leveled only during carrying out the further investigations.
Outils de traitement d'images adaptés au traitement d'images omnidirectionnelles

Cette these est consacree au developpement d'outils de traitement adaptes aux images omnidirectionnelles grâce a la "sphere equivalente". En effet, l'utilisation directe de methodes classiques (c'est-a-dire appropriees aux images reelles) sur des images omnidirectionnelles introduit des erreurs car elle ne prend pas en consideration les distorsions introduites par le miroir. Projeter les images omnidirectionnelles sur cette sphere offre l'avantage de pouvoir effectuer les differents traitements sur un espace plus uniforme. Dans un premier temps, nous rappelons le principe de la vision omnidirectionnelle, puis nous nous attardons sur un capteur en particulier, celui compose d'une camera observant un miroir parabolique. Nous donnons ensuite les elements de demonstration pour justifier l'existence de la "sphere equivalente". Dans un second temps, nous presentons differents outils mathematiques (harmoniques spheriques, convolution spherique. . . ) necessaires au developpement de nos methodes spheriques. Nous proposons ensuite la construction de plusieurs traitements bas-niveaux adaptes aux images spheriques : debruitage et detection de contours. Ces differentes methodes ont fait l'objet de tests afin de determiner leurs avantages par rapport aux "methodes classiques" de traitements d'images omnidirectionnelles. Ces comparaisons ont mis en evidence l'avantage de ces "methodes spheriques" qui offrent un traitement uniforme sur toute l'image.
Proof of concept studies for tissue-protective agents in multiple sclerosis

Background There is considerable interest in tissue-protective treatments for multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods and Objectives We convened a group of MS clinical trialists and related researchers to discuss designs for proof of concept studies utilizing currently available data and assessment methods. Results Our favored design was a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study of active treatment versus placebo focusing on changes in brain volume from a post-baseline scan (3–6 months after starting treatment) to the final visit 1 year later. Study designs aimed at reducing residual deficits following acute exacerbations are less straightforward, depending greatly on the anticipated rapidity of treatment effect onset. Conclusions The next step would be to perform one or more studies of potential tissue-protective agents with these designs in mind, creating the longitudinal data necessary to refine endpoint selection, eligibility criteria, and sample size estimates for future trials.
Special Health Care Utilization Pattern with Elevated Costs and High Risk of Premature Death Among Adults Living in Segregated Roma Settlements

Roma is the largest ethnic minority of Europe with poor health status, which is poorly explored due to legal constrains of ethnicity assessment. We aimed to elaborate health-indicators for adults living in segregated Roma settlements (SRS) representing the most vulnerable Roma subpopulation. SRSs were mapped in a study area populated by 54682 adults. Records of all adults living in the study area were processed in the National Institute of Health Insurance Fund Management. Aggregated, age-sex standardized SRS-specific and non-SRS-specific indicators on healthcare utilization and premature death along with the ratio of them (RR) were computed with 95% confidence intervals. The rate of GP appointments was significantly higher among SRS inhabitants (RR=1.152, 95%CI: 1.136–1.167). The proportion of subjects hospitalized (RR=1.286, 1.177–1.405), and the reimbursement for inpatient care (RR=1.060, 1.057–1.064) were elevated for SRS. Premature mortality was significantly higher in SRSs (RR=1.711, 1.085-2.696). Our study demonstrated that it is possible to compute the SRS-specific version of the routine healthcare indicators without violating the protection of personal data by converting a sensitive ethical issue to a non-sensitive small area geographical analysis; there is an SRS-specific healthcare utilization pattern, which is associated with elevated costs and increased risk of premature death.
A prospective study of cigarette smoking and risk of cataract in men.

OBJECTIVE To examine the association between cigarette smoking and the incidence of cataract. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The design was a prospective cohort study using data from the Physicians' Health Study, a randomized trial of aspirin and beta carotene among 22,071 US male physicians aged 40 to 84 years that began in 1982. This analysis includes the 17,824 physicians who did not report cataract at baseline and did provide complete risk factor information. Based on information reported at baseline, 10% were current smokers, 39% were past smokers, and 51% were never smokers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE An incident cataract was defined as a self-report confirmed by medical record review to have been first diagnosed after randomization, age-related in origin, and responsible for a decrease in best corrected visual acuity to 20/30 or worse. MAIN RESULTS During 60 months of follow-up, 557 incident cataracts among 371 participants were confirmed. Compared with never smokers, current smokers of 20 or more cigarettes per day had a statistically significant increase in the risk of cataract (relative risk [RR], 2.16; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 1.46 to 3.20; P less than .001). Similar results were obtained after simultaneously controlling for other potential cataract risk factors in a logistic regression model (RR, 2.05; 95% Cl, 1.38 to 3.05; P less than .001). Among the 557 eyes with cataract, nuclear sclerotic changes were present in 442 while posterior subcapsular changes were present in 204. After controlling for other potential cataract risk factors, current smokers of 20 or more cigarettes per day had statistically significant increases in nuclear sclerosis (RR, 2.24; 95% Cl, 1.47 to 3.41; P less than .001) and posterior subcapsular (RR, 3.17; 95% Cl, 1.81 to 5.53; P less than .001) cataract. Past smokers had an elevated risk of posterior subcapsular (RR, 1.44; 95% Cl, 0.97 to 2.13; P = .07) but not nuclear sclerosis cataract. For current smokers of fewer than 20 cigarettes per day, no increased risks were observed of total, nuclear sclerosis, or posterior subcapsular cataract. CONCLUSIONS These data provide support for the hypothesis that cigarette smoking increases the risk of developing both nuclear sclerosis and posterior subcapsular cataract.
Six degrees of freedom robotic testbed for control systems laboratory

A 6-DoF robotic testbed has been proposed, designed and developed for university students to learn the concepts of control systems theory in robotics. Testbed is comprised of two parts namely; 6-DoF platform and ball-plate balancing payload. Robotic maneuvers in platform are generated through rotary Stewart-Gough mechanism using inverse kinematic algorithm. Ball-plate balancing payload is fixed on top of platform. This paper presents a comparison among generic testbeds, available at standard control system laboratories. Design of robotic platform along with payload has been detailed and tested with software simulations in MATLAB Simulink. This work explains complete electrical, mechanical and software design along with development, testing and results.
Innovative Design of Corporate Clothing in Tourism

Corporate clothing in tourism has characteristics that are distinct from other formal uniformed groups. This article deals with innovative approaches and the multifunctional design of corporate clothing in order to satisfy the needs of the end user. The research was limited to the corporate clothing used in the tourism sector, with a focus on accessories as part of corporate clothing, in this case on men’s ties. One of the main questions was how to offer aesthetically pleasing and useful accessories for corporate clothing in the tourismsector, using a recognisable geographical symbol or a traditional story. The method of gathering and analysing information with the help of a survey, fashion design research, and design development was used. The purpose was to design men’s ties that correspond to the requirements of users to offer youthful, relaxed, and innovative ties that reflect the identity of the company. The typical problems with wearing ties, which are uncomfortable and feel hot when worn, were considered. Development from the idea to the final product was a challenge, as well as the cooperation between the subscriber, the designer, the suggested manufacturer and the Faculty ofMechanical Engineering,University ofMaribor; all needed to work together to satisfy the end user. A tie was developed in the shape of an innovative, buttoned band that could replace the traditional tie and give the user much more freedom when wearing it in different weather conditions. At the same time, the tie maintains the elegance expected of a traditional tie. The surface is using the unique technique of air lace, which includes storytelling in the design and personalisation in the making. The design took a sustainable approach, which results in the use of significantly less material. The combination of the above features represents an innovative approach to developing fashion accessories for corporate clothing design. Keywords: corporate clothing, innovative accessories, multi-functionality, functional design, tie, tourism https://doi.org/10.26493/2335-4194.11. 57-65
Motor Neuron Degeneration Induced by Excitotoxin Agonists Has Features in Common with those Seen in the SOD-1 Transgenic Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

A superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1) genetic defect has been identified in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and motor neuron degeneration has been described in SOD-1 transgenic mice. Because an excitotoxic mechanism has been implicated in ALS, we undertook studies to provide a description of excitotoxic degeneration of spinal motor neurons for comparison with the degenerative process observed in SOD-1 transgenic mice. Excitotoxin agonists selective for each of the three major types of ionotropic glutamate receptors were applied directly onto the lumbar spinal cord of 21-day-old rats following posterior laminectomy. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) preferentially affected dorsal horn neurons, whereas the non- NMDA agonist, kainic acid, preferentially affected motor neurons. Cytopathological changes in motor neurons closely resembled those described in SOD-1 mice. These changes consist of massively swollen dendritic processes in the presence of wellpreserved presynaptic axon terminals; cell bodies of motor neurons filled with vacuoles that originate both from endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria; pleomorphic changes in mitochondria; axons of motor neurons becoming swollen proximally with accumulation of vacuoles, organdies, filaments, and degeneration products in the swollen segment. The observed changes in motor axons resemble changes described in the spinal cord of ALS patients. These findings are consistent with the proposal that motor neuron degeneration in ALS may be mediated by an excitotoxic process involving hyperactivation of non-NMDA glutamate receptors.
Personalizing therapy for multidrug resistant TB: the potential of Rapid Whole Genome Sequencing

Multidrug resistant tuberculosis is an increasing problem globally. The current gold standard in drug sensitivity testing is slow and cumbersome. To tackle drug resistance effectively, a more rapid method of testing is required. Current molecular tests are fast, but only offer information on a limited number of genetic loci. Whole genome sequencing presents an attractive alternative that can provide comprehensive, clinically relevant information on all described loci. Although the standard approach to whole genome sequencing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is slow due to the requirement of culture, this article will describe recent advances that mean it has the potential to provide results within days.
Fashion consumers’ channel-hopping profiles by psychographics and demographics

Omni-channel retailing has created different shopping paradigms, such as channel hopping, to meet diverse consumer expectations through various channels. Based on the consumer decision-making model, this study explored the typology of consumer groups based on consumers’ channel usage during the entire shopping trip and how each group differs in terms of shopping values, shopping behaviors, perceived benefits, and risks. Using a total of 264 US nationwide consumer responses, we identified four consumer groups that have distinctive channel-hopping patterns; hyperconnected shoppers, traditional shoppers, web shoppers, and webroomers. Our findings revealed unique shopping values and shopping behaviors in each of these categories, as well as perceived risks and benefits among the four groups. This study’s results can serve as empirical evidence to provide better insights to help retailers develop successful omni-channel strategies and also contribute to the omni-channel retailing literature.
On Traces ofd-stresses in the Skeletons of Lower Dimensions of Piecewise-lineard-manifolds

We show how a d -stress on a piecewise-linear realization of an oriented (non-simplicial, in general)d -manifold in Rdnaturally induces stresses of lower dimensions on this manifold, and discuss implications of this construction to the analysis of self-stresses in spatial frameworks. The mappings we construct are not linear, but polynomial. In the 1860? 70s J. C. Maxwell described an interesting relationship between self-stresses in planar frameworks and vertical projections of polyhedral 2-surfaces. We offer a spatial analog of Maxwell? s correspondence based on our polynomial mappings. By applying our main result we derive a class of three-dimensional spider webs similar to the two-dimensional spider webs described by Maxwell. We also conjecture an important property of our mappings that is based on the lower bound theorem (g2(d+ 1) =dim Stress2? 0) for d -pseudomanifolds generically realized in Rd+1.
Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics Do Antibiotic Combinations Prevent the Emergence of Resistant Organisms?

Antibiotic combinations are often used in the therapy of infectious diseases to broaden the antibacterial spectrum and to enhance antimicrobial activity. Another potential reason fbr combination therapy is to reduce or prevent the emergence of resistant organisms during therapy. Anti-tuberculous chemotherapy provides a classic example in which drug combinations have successfully prevented the emergence of drug-resistant organisms and improved clinical outcome. 1 The purpose of this brief report is to review the success of combination therapy in preventing resistance in more common bacterial infections. The broad-spectrum occurring mutation 1O-C’ 1OmH, not surprising that of resistant organisms observed clinically occurs primarily at sites of high organism density, such as the respiratory and urinary