Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Analysis of Two Software Development Methodologies: Rational Unified Process and Extreme Programming

Mediante a grande exigência do mercado por inovação, produtividade, qualidade e desempenho dos sistemas computacionais, criaram-se as metodologias de desenvolvimento de software. A partir do uso de uma metodologia de software é possível reduzir o custo, o risco e o tempo do desenvolvimento de um projeto e, ainda, aumentar a qualidade do produto final. Este artigo realiza uma comparação entre duas metodologias de desenvolvimento: o Rational Unified Process e o Extreme Programming. A comparação realizada mostra as principais semelhanças e contrastes entre as abordagens, destacando e comentando suas características predominantes.
A Manuscript of Knowledge Representation

This paper describes the Knowledge representation and how it is used in artificial intelligence systems such as (Expert Systems, Hybrid intelligence systems, Neural networks, etc.) to construct a robust systems without any bugs and issues, it also depicts the knowledge representation categories (Implicit and Explicit) and types (Rules, Ontology, Frames, Semantic Networks and Logic), who is the person that deals with knowledge to analyze (Knowledge Engineer), how to build a knowledge base to use in systems, and what are the issues that will face the engineer?
Coexpression of Avian Influenza Virus H5 and N1 by Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus and the Impact on Immune Response in Chickens

Important Findings To analyze the contribution of neuraminidase (NA) toward protection against avian influenza virus (AIV) infection, three different recombinant Newcastle disease viruses (NDVs) expressing hemagglutinin (HA) or NA, or both, of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) were generated. Chickens immunized with NDVH5VmPMN1FHN or NDVH5VmPM were protected against two different HPAIV H5N1 and also against HPAIV H5N2. In contrast, immunization of chickens with NDVN1FHN induced NDVand AIV N1–specific antibodies but did not protect the animals against a lethal dose of HPAIV H5N1. Furthermore, expression of AIV N1, in addition to AIV H5 by NDV, did not increase protection against HPAIV H5N1.
Assistive Technologies in Smart Homes

This book chapter provides a review of the assistive technologies deployed in smart spaces with a variety of smart home or house examples. In the first place, home networking technologies and sensing technologies are surveyed as fundamental technologies to support smart environment. After reviewing representative smart home projects from across the world, concrete assistive services related with the fundamental technologies in smart environment are deployed not only for the elderly and handicapped but for people in ordinary families as well. Adaptability is one of the key essences in the assistive technologies in smart environment and, for this purpose, human-ware studies including man-machine interfaces, ergonomics and gerontology are needed to be linked with the hardware specific fundamental technologies.
Fast Tree-Based Redistancing for Level Set Computations

Fast tree-based redistancing for level set computation s may resolve complex topology, intersection, merging during interface moving. W e will introduce the fast redistancing methods-the level set approach, which use distance functions to handle moving surfaces. An octatree mesh is used to conce ntrate computational effort on the interface, so efficiency is greatly increased . 
ENDOSCOPIC EVALUATION AND BIOPSY COLLECTION OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT IN THE GREEN MORAY EEL (GYMNOTHORAX FUNEBRIS): APPLICATION IN A CASE OF CHRONIC REGURGITATION WITH GASTRIC MUCUS GLAND HYPERPLASIA

A green moray eel (Gymnothorax funebris) was evaluated for chronic regurgitation. By using flexible endoscopy, the gastrointestinal tract was evaluated and revealed multifocal proliferative gastric masses and an intestinal ulcer. Biopsy specimens revealed gastric mucus gland hyperplasia, intestinal nematodiasis, and mild enteritis. Esophagoscopy and gastroscopy were performed by using a larger endoscope (length, 200 cm). A smaller endoscope (length, 100 cm) facilitated entering the intestinal tract in normograde or retrograde directions. A control eel was also evaluated, and no gross or histologic abnormalities were detected. The case eel was treated with metoclopramide and fenbendazole, responded well to therapy, and regurgitation decreased. A year later, the animal died of unrelated causes. Necropsy revealed coelomic gastric adhesions. The gastric proliferative lesions were associated with degeneration and necrosis of gastric pit mucosa without significant inflammation; etiology was unknown. Gastrointestinal endoscopy proved a useful diagnostic tool for evaluation and biopsy collection in this eel species.
AVIAN INFLUENZA IN NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICA, 2002–2005

The following report is a brief account of avian influenza (AI) virus detections in domestic poultry and wild birds in North and South America from 2002 to 2005. Occurrences of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks were obtained from reports to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) or by direct involvement as an OIE reference laboratory. However, gathering information on the occurrences of low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) is more difficult because there is no centralized source of surveillance information. Some countries in the region may have AI surveillance programs in place, but the information was not available for inclusion in this report. Reports of AI from the United States were obtained from the Proceedings of the U.S. Animal Health Association or from personal observations.
Application of the black hole-fluid analogy: identification of a vortex flow through its characteristic waves

Black holes are like bells; once perturbed they will relax through the emission of characteristic waves. The frequency spectrum of these waves is independent of the initial perturbation and, hence, can be thought of as a `fingerprint' of the black hole. Since the 1970s scientists have considered the possibility of using these characteristic modes of oscillation to identify astrophysical black holes. With the recent detection of gravitational waves, this idea has started to turn into reality. Inspired by the black hole-fluid analogy, we demonstrate the universality of the black-hole relaxation process through the observation of characteristic modes emitted by a hydrodynamical vortex flow. The characteristic frequency spectrum is measured and agrees with theoretical predictions obtained using techniques developed for astrophysical black holes. Our findings allow for the first identification of a hydrodynamical vortex flow through its characteristic waves. The flow velocities inferred from the observed spectrum agree with a direct flow measurement. Our approach establishes a non-invasive method, applicable to vortex flows in fluids and superfluids alike, to identify the wave-current interactions and hence the effective field theories describing such systems.
From Sound To Symbol Fundamentals Of Music

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PELODERA STRONGYLOIDES INFECTION IN PACIFIC HARBOR SEALS (PHOCA VITULINA RICHARDII) FROM CALIFORNIA

Skin biopsies were collected from free-ranging harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardii) from central California (n 1⁄4 53). Microscopic examination of hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissue sections revealed the presence of tightly coiled nematode larvae within the ostia of numerous hair follicles of four seals. Parasites were characterized by paired lateral alae, platymyarian musculature, and an indistinct, uninucleate digestive tract. Mild chronic superficial dermatitis and perifolliculitis were evident microscopically in association with the intrafollicular parasites. Histomorphologic features of the larvae and their presence within hair follicles are consistent with previous reports of the facultative nematode parasite Pelodera strongyloides. This is the first published report of P. strongyloides infection in any marine mammal. This parasite may be acquired by marine mammals through close contact with soil or decaying organic material and should be considered as a potential differential diagnosis for dermatitis in marine mammals that use terrestrial resting sites.
Genetic Comparison of H9N2 AI Viruses Isolated in Jordan in 2003

ISABELLA MONNE,* GIOVANNI CATTOLI, ELISA MAZZACAN, NADIM M. AMARIN, HISHAM M. AL MAAITAH, MOHAMMAD Q. AL-NATOUR, AND ILARIA CAPUA OIE/FAO and National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Viale dell’Università, 10, 35020, Legnaro, Padova, Italy Virology Unit, Central veterinary laboratories, Department of Animal Wealth Laboratories, Ministry of Agriculture, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Amman Avian Diseases Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan
EPIDEMIOLOGIC INVESTIGATION OF AN OUTBREAK OF GOOSE PARVOVIRUS INFECTION IN SWEDEN

SUMMARY. An outbreak of goose parvovirus (GPV) infection on a Swedish goose farm in the spring of 2004 increased the mortality rates from 2% in the early unaffected hatches to 90% and 99% respectively in the two hatches following virus introduction and 40% in goslings hatched later in the same breeding season. In this paper we describe the clinical observations, diagnostic procedures, and epidemiologic investigation carried out to elucidate the source of the infection. The diagnosis was confirmed by serology, virus isolation, and sequence analysis of a 493-bp-long fragment of the VP1 gene. Phylogenetically the causative virus was closely related to pathogenic GPV strains isolated in 2003 and 2004 from Poland and the United Kingdom, respectively. The Swedish isolate exhibited less homology with pathogenic strains from Hungary and Asia and with attenuated vaccine strains. The epidemiologic investigation showed that the virus was first introduced to a contract farm (farm A) and then was transferred with newly hatched goslings to the farm that had submitted the birds for necropsy (index farm). The exact time and source of the virus introduction to farm A could not be determined with absolute certainty. Possible sources of the infection included backyard goose eggs that had been delivered to farm A for subcontract incubation and hatching, wild geese that frequented the flock of breeding geese on pasture on farm A, and a clutch of Canada goose eggs (Branta canadensis) that had been produced by wild geese and was hatched in the same machine as the eggs produced by farm A.
Achieving Centimeter Accuracy Indoor Localization on Multi-Antenna WiFi Platforms

Channel frequency response (CFR) is a fine-grained location-specific information in WiFi systems that can be utilized in indoor positioning systems (IPSs). However, CFR-based IPSs can hardly achieve an accuracy in the centimeter level due to the limited bandwidth in WiFi systems. To achieve such accuracy using WiFi devices, we propose an IPS that fully harnesses the spatial diversity in Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) WiFi systems, which leads to a much larger effective bandwidth. The proposed IPS obtains CFRs associated with locations-ofinterest on multiple antenna links during the training phase. Then, in the positioning phase, the IPS captures instantaneous CFRs from an unknown location and computes the resonating strength between the instantaneous CFRs and those obtained in the training phase. The IPS compensates the residual synchronization errors in the calculation of resonating strengths. Extensive experimental results in a typical office environment demonstrate that the proposed IPS achieves true positive rates of 99.93% and 100%, and only incurs false positive rates of 1.56% and 1.80% under the line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-ofsight (NLOS) scenarios, respectively, with a single pair of WiFi devices. Moreover, results with 0.5cm measurement resolution show an accuracy of 1 ∼ 2cm achieved by the proposed IPS in the NLOS scenario. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that can achieve 1 ∼ 2cm accuracy for NLOS indoor localization using WiFi.
A Comparative Evaluation of the Protective Efficacy of rMd5&Dgr;Meq and CVI988/Rispens Against a vv+ Strain of Marek's Disease Virus Infection in a Series of Recombinant Congenic Strains of White Leghorn Chickens

Important Findings Marek’s disease (MD) is presently controlled by vaccination. One of the candidate vaccines is a recombinant Marek’s disease virus (MDV) strain designated as rMd5DMeq. The researchers’ earlier reports suggested that rMd5DMeq provided protection equally well or better than commonly used MD vaccines in experimental and commercial lines of chickens challenged with very virulent plus (vv+) strains of MDV. This report presents experimental evidence that the rMd5DMeq protected significantly better than the CVI988/Rispens in the relatively resistant experimental lines of chickens challenged with the vv+ strain of MDV. Based on evidence in this report and earlier ones, it appears that rMd5DMeq provides better protection when compared with the most efficacious commercially-available vaccine, CVI988/Rispens, for control of MD in lines of chickens regardless of their genetic background.
Validation of Marek's Disease Diagnosis and Monitoring of Marek's Disease Vaccines from Samples Collected in FTA® Cards

Important Findings The use of Flinders Technology Associates (FTAH) filter cards to quantify Marek’s disease virus (MDV) DNA for the diagnosis of Marek’s disease (MD) and to monitor MD vaccines was evaluated. Study results show that FTA cards are an excellent media to collect, transport, and archive samples for MD diagnosis and for monitoring MD vaccines. In addition, FTA cards are widely available, inexpensive and adequate for the shipment of samples nationally and internationally.
Viral Competition and Maternal Immunity Influence the Clinical Disease Caused by Very Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus

Important Findings In this study, the ability of very virulent infectious bursal disease viruses (vvIBDVs) to infect and cause disease in maternally immune layer chickens was examined. The data suggest that maternal immunity and competition with variant viruses are acting to reduce the clinical signs and anticipated mortality after a vvIBDV infection, which may increase the chances that vvIBDV is not being recognized in commercial poultry operations.
High Level of Protection Induced by Two Fowlpox Vector Vaccines Against a Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Challenge in Specific-Pathogen-Free Chickens

The objective of the study was to compare efficacy of two fowlpox (FP) vector vaccines (FP-AI) against H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI): one (vFP89) expressing the native hemagglutinin (HA) gene from H5N8 A/turkey/ Ireland/1378/83 and the other (vFP2211) expressing a modified synthetic HA gene from H5N1 A/chicken/Indonesia/7/2003. Four groups of 20 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free chickens were made: Groups 1 and 2 were immunized with 3 log10 tissue-culture infectious dose 50% (TCID50) of vFP89 and vFP2211, respectively, whereas group 3 was immunized with vFP89, but received a booster immunization at 2 wk of age with an inactivated vaccine containing A/turkey/Wisconsin/68 H5N9 virus (inH5N9); group 4 was left unvaccinated. Ten birds from each group were challenged on day 21 with A/turkey/Turkey/1/2005 clade 2.2 H5N1 HPAI virus. The 10 other chickens from each group were put in contact with their groupmates on day 22. FP-AI induced low hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers before challenge (GMT < 4 log2) and an HI titer boost was observed 1 wk after the inH5N9 boost. All directly challenged and 9/10 nonvaccinated contact chickens died after challenge (mean death time of 2.3 and 6.1 days, respectively) and most of them shed virus before death via cloacal and buccal routes. All vaccinated birds were clinically protected from HPAI challenge. One (vFP2211), 2 (vFP89+inact.), or 3 (vFP89) out of the 10 directly challenged vaccinated chickens shed virus via the buccal route 2-5 days postinfection. No shedding was detected in the contact-challenged vaccinated birds. Altogether, these data show excellent levels of protection in all three vaccinated groups, and therefore no detectable effect of the origin of the inserted H5 gene on protection under these tested conditions.
(An) Optimization algorithm for the advertisement scheduling problem on broadcast television = 텔레비전 광고 스케줄링 문제의 최적화 해법

We consider the advertisement scheduling problem on broadcast television in a given period. Major advertisers want to air several kinds of commercials and purchase broadcast time slots for them without considering actual scheduling. When same commercials are aired multiple times, they usually need to be aired as regularly as possible. This problem is called the basic Industry Standard Commercial Identification (ISCI) rotator problem. The objective of the problem is to assign commercials to be aired as regularly as possible. We propose an integer programming formulation of the problem. Contrary to the previous model, the new model has many columns, hence we solved it by branch-and-price(B&P) approach and computational results are reported. We tested our algorithm on 40 instances that have various slot size.
Novel algorithms and benchmarks for computational protein design

Author(s): Ollikainen, Noah | Advisor(s): Kortemme, Tanja | Abstract: Computational protein design aims to predict protein sequences that will fold into a given three-dimensional structure and perform a desired function. Though significant accomplishments in computational protein design have been achieved in the past several years, including the design of novel enzymes and protein-protein interactions, the accuracy of computational protein design is relatively low and many designed sequences must be experimentally tested in order to obtain a successful design. Moreover, successful designs often require directed evolution to achieve catalytic activities or binding affinities similar to naturally occurring proteins. A major challenge in computational protein design that limits its accuracy is the inability to sufficiently sample protein sequence and conformational space at a high resolution. Sampling is difficult due to the combinatorially large number of possible protein sequences and the inherent flexibility of the protein backbone, which may change its conformation upon changes in sequence. To address the issue of sampling a large number of sequences, I developed a deterministic computational protein design algorithm that identifies all sequences within a given energy of the global minimum energy sequence. To identify an accurate method of modeling backbone flexibility, I created a benchmark that evaluates designed sequences based on their similarity to natural sequences with respect to amino acid covariation. Lastly, I developed a novel method of coupling side-chain and backbone sampling. I applied this method to re-designing enzyme substrate specificity and showed a substantial improvement in accuracy over previous computational protein design methods. Taken together, these results demonstrate the importance of modeling protein backbone flexibility and provide new tools to enable higher accuracy computational protein design.
ABSCESSES ASSOCIATED WITH A BRUCELLA INOPINATA–LIKE BACTERIUM IN A BIG-EYED TREE FROG (LEPTOPELIS VERMICULATUS)

A 4-yr-old big-eyed tree frog (Leptopelis vermiculatus) was submitted with two pea-sized (4-mm diameter), firm, and painful masses on the right side of its back. The two abscess-like masses were surgically opened, and a whitish-yellow pasty content was removed. A Brucella inopinata–like bacterium was obtained in pure culture and was resistant against ampicillin and tylosin but sensitive to the 8 other antibiotics tested. The organism was identified by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (acc. no. HE608873) and recA (acc. no. HE608874) genes after preliminary misidentification as Ochrobactrum anthropi when using a commercial identification system. To the authors’ knowledge, a B. inopinata–like bacterium has not been reported previously in amphibians. The organism is a potential human pathogen and may present a risk for people handling amphibians.
EVOLUTION OF INTRINSIC GROWTH RATE: METABOLIC COSTS DRIVE TRADE-OFFS BETWEEN GROWTH AND SWIMMING PERFORMANCE IN MENIDIA MENIDIA

There is strong evidence that genetic capacity for growth evolves toward an optimum rather than an absolute maximum. This implies that fast growth has a cost and that trade-offs occur between growth and other life-history traits, but the fundamental mechanisms are poorly understood. Previous work on the Atlantic silverside fish Menidia menidia has demonstrated a trade-off between growth and swimming performance. We hypothesize that the trade-off derives from the competing metabolic demands associated with growth and swimming activity. We tested this by measuring standard metabolic rate (MSTD), maximum sustainable metabolic rate (MACT) and metabolic scope of laboratory-reared silversides originating from two geographically distinct populations with well-documented differences in genetic capacity for growth. The fast-growth genotype had a significantly greater MSTD than the slow-growth genotype, but a similar MACT when swum to near exhaustion. The scope for activity of the fast-growth genotype was lower than that of the slow-growth genotype. Furthermore, the fast-growth genotype eats larger meals, thereby incurring a greater postprandial oxygen demand. We conclude that a metabolic trade-off occurs between growth and other metabolic demands and that this trade-off provides a general mechanism underlying the evolution of growth rate.
Security and Key Establishment in IEEE 802.15.4

IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) is a concept that enables an Internet Protocol (IP) connection over networks that use the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.15. 4 standard and has a focus on low-power devices with limited computational power. This has made 6LoWPAN an exciting technology for future device-to-device communications and the Internet of Things. This thesis presents, to the author’s knowledge, the first formal security analysis of APKES, AKES, and SAKES, which are proposed protocols for establishing keys in IEEE 802.15. 4 networks that utilize the 6LoWPAN. APKES and AKES were proven to have none or few issues that were discovered by the formal security analysis, and may, therefore, be possible schemes for future key establishment in 6LoWPAN. Multiple weaknesses were discovered in SAKES, where this thesis has aimed to improve the protocol by implementing necessary measures and validate these improvements using Scyther.