Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validation of the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status-modified in Subjects with Normal Cognition, Mild Cognitive Impairment, or Dementia

Background: The telephone assessment of cognitive functions may reduce the cost and burden of epidemiological studies. Methods: We validated the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status-modified (TICS-m) using an extensive in-person assessment as the standard for comparison. Clinical diagnoses of normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or dementia were established by consensus of physician, nurse, and neuropsychological assessments. Results: The extensive in-person assessment classified 83 persons with normal cognition, 42 persons with MCI, and 42 persons with dementia. There was considerable overlap in TICS-m scores among the three groups. Receiver operating characteristic curves identified ≤31 as the optimal cutoff score to separate subjects with MCI from subjects with normal cognition (sensitivity = 71.4%; subjects with dementia excluded), and ≤27 to separate subjects with dementia from subjects with MCI (sensitivity = 69.0%; subjects with normal cognition excluded). The TICS-m performed well when subjects with MCI were pooled either with subjects with dementia (sensitivity = 83.3%) or with subjects with normal cognition (sensitivity = 83.3%). Conclusions: Although the TICS-m performed well when using a dichotomous classification of cognitive status, it performed only fairly in separating MCI from either normal cognition or dementia. The TICS-m should not be used as a free-standing tool to identify subjects with MCI, and it should be used with caution as a tool to detect dementia.
Capital Market Integration of ASEAN-6 Countries and Investment Implication

This paper uses weekly data from 31 Dec 1999 to 31 Dec 2010 to investigate the time varying integration of six ASEAN stock markets (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam) with four international stock markets (US, ASEAN bloc, Asia and world) and the interaction channels between domestic and international stock markets. Based on the findings of integration/segmentation and interaction channels, the paper recommends investors to diversify their investment portfolios by combining assets from each ASEAN6 country and from other international stock markets.
Excellent Current Drivability and Environmental Stability in Room-Temperature-Fabricated Pentacene-Based Organic Field-Effect Transistors With ${\rm HfO}_{2}$ Gate Insulators

Low-voltage-operating pentacene-based organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with HfO<sub>2</sub> gate insulators have been fabricated at room temperature. Despite its thin capacitance equivalent thickness of 3.6 nm, the room-temperature-processed HfO2 gate insulator shows a low leakage current density of 1.2×10<sup>-7</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup> at a gate voltage of -2 V. Pentacene films grown on the HfO2 gate insulators have a large grain size and a highly ordered molecular structure due to the appropriate surface properties of the HfO<sub>2</sub> gate insulators. The as-fabricated pentacene-based OFET (W/L=1300 μm/100 μm) with a HfO<sub>2</sub> gate insulator has a low subthreshold swing of 0.13 V/decade, a large ON/OFF current ratio of 9.8×10<sup>4</sup>, and a high hole mobility of 0.34 cm<sup>2</sup>V<sup>-1</sup>s<sup>-1</sup> at an operating voltage of -2 V. Furthermore, the environmental stability in the room-temperature-fabricated pentacene-based OFETs with HfO2 gate insulators was investigated.
Design and linearity analysis of current bleeding CMOS mixer for GPS application

This paper describes 3.3 V silicon down conversion mixer with a current bleeding Gilbert multiplier and also compares the conventional current bleeding Gilbert mixer with an improved current bleeding circuit, detail analysis are given about the two circuits, using 0.35 um process. With a 1.675 GHz local oscillator (LO) and a 1.575 GHz RF input. The results show that the gain and IIP2 of the improved mixer is higher than conventional Gilbert-type mixer, while the noise figure is better.
Immunological properties of two fetus-specific globulins of rat in experimentally induced hepatic lesions.

Two fetus-specific globulins, al and a2·fetoglobulins, were detected in rat fetal serum, and the former was detected in amniotic fluid, using respective monospecific rabbit immune sera. Immunochemical distinction of these two proteins was demonstrated. By polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis, al-fetoglobulin was further resolved into fast and slow migrating subcomponents having a similar reactivity against the specific immune serum. The concentrations of these globulins in the serum of adult rat with experimentally induced hepatic lesions were determined by quantitative immunoprecipitin method or the Ouchterlony test using the specific antisera.
Time reconstruction study using tubes of response backprojectors in list mode algorithms, applied to a monolithic crystals based breast PET

The LM-EM algorithm has the advantage to calculate the emission probabilities needed for the reconstruction process on the fly, without the need of a pre-calculated system matrix. The reconstruction time for this algorithm strongly depends on the used backprojector and the available statistics. This algorithm when implemented in systems using monolithic crystals to detect gamma radiation allows one to extensively exploit the virtual pixilation feature, not available for systems based on pixilated crystals. In this work we present a backprojector for LM-EM, the TOR method, which achieves a tradeoff between computational efficiency and image quality. Its temporal subset algorithm optimization (LM-OS) has also been implemented in order to achieve real-time reconstructions. To evaluate the performances of LM-OS algorithm with the TOR method backprojector and only with one iteration on the datasets, studies based on the system spatial resolution, uniformity, and contrast coefficients were carried out and they were compared with those obtained with LM-EM and MLEM algorithms using twelve iteration. Finally, a study on reconstruction time using LM-OS has been performed with breast patients data.
A 5‐decade analysis of 13,715 carcinoid tumors

Carcinoid tumors represent an unusual and complex disease spectrum with protean clinical manifestations. This compilation of several large United States‐based databases comprising patients from 1950 to 1999 examines 13,715 carcinoid tumors and provides epidemiologic information regarding the natural history and evolution of the detection and diagnosis of this entity.
Treatment of Hepatorenal Syndrome

Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a type of renal failure that occurs in patients with advanced cirrhosis. It is a result of splanchnic arterial vasodilation, renal vasoconstriction, reduced effective arterial volume, and potentially reduced cardiac output. Often, HRS is a fatal complication, and the only definitive treatment currently available is liver or liver‐kidney transplantation. A number of other treatment modalities have been tested for the management of HRS, but most evidence is derived from small noncontrolled studies. The primary role of these treatment options is to provide a bridge to liver transplantation. Treatment may also provide acute reversal of renal failure and some symptomatic relief, but relapse is a common occurrence. The best therapeutic options appear to be those that reverse portal hypertension, splanchnic vasodilation, and/or renal vasoconstriction. Vasopressin analogs, particularly terlipressin, have emerged as the preferred pharmacologic therapies for management of HRS. Albumin is an appropriate adjunctive therapy to terlipressin and can be used to prevent HRS in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt may provide a surgical option for qualified patients with HRS. Octreotide is ineffective as monotherapy but may be used as adjunctive therapy to other vasoactive agents. Dopamine agonists, endothelin antagonists, natriuretic peptides, and nitric oxide synthase inhibitors have not been effective for reversing HRS. Artificial hepatic support therapies have demonstrated the ability to improve laboratory abnormalities in patients with HRS, but their effect on clinical outcomes has not been determined. The role of renal replacement therapies or the newer artificial hepatic support therapies need further evaluation before they can be routinely recommended.
Regulation of Nuclear Transport and Degradation of the Xenopus Cyclin-dependent Kinase Inhibitor, p27Xic1 *

The regulation of the vertebrate cell cycle is controlled by the function of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), cyclins, and CDK inhibitors. The Xenopus laevis kinase inhibitor, p27Xic1 (Xic1) is a member of the p21Cip1/p27Kip1/p57Kip2 CDK inhibitor family and inhibits CDK2-cyclin E in vitro as well as DNA replication in Xenopus egg extracts. Xic1 is targeted for degradation in interphase extracts in a manner dependent on both the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, Cdc34, and nuclei. Here we show that ubiquitination of Xic1 occurs exclusively in the nucleus and that nuclear localization of Xic1 is necessary for its degradation. We find that Xic1 nuclear localization is independently mediated by binding to CDK2-cyclin E and by nuclear localization sequences within the C terminus of Xic1. Our results also indicate that binding of Xic1 to CDK2-cyclin E is dispensable for Xic1 ubiquitination and degradation. Moreover, we show that amino acids 180–183 of Xic1 are critical determinants of Xic1 degradation. This region of Xic1 may define a motif of Xic1 essential for recognition by the ubiquitin conjugation machinery or for binding an alternate protein required for degradation.
Addressing China's Water Scarcity: A Synthesis of Recommendations for Selected Water Resource Management Issues

This report reviews China's water scarcity situation, assesses the policy and institutional requirements for addressing it, and recommends key areas for strengthening and reform. It is a synthesis of the main findings and recommendations from analytical work and case studies prepared under the World Bank Analytical and Advisory Assistance (AAA) program entitled 'Addressing China's Water Scarcity: from Analysis to Action. ' These studies focus on several strategically important thematic areas for China where additional research was needed, as identified by the research team and advisory group based on a review of pressing issues. These areas are governance, water rights, pricing, ecological compensation, pollution control, and emergency response. The approach has been to evaluate Chinese and international experience to identify policy and institutional factors that have proven effective in promoting the adoption of water conservation and pollution reduction technologies. The research was based on literature reviews, qualitative and quantitative policy analyses, household surveys, field trips, and case studies to develop feasible recommendations for a plan of action based on realities on the ground.
The further redefining of steroid-mediated signaling

The classical paradigm of steroid hormone action is that intracellular receptors bind to specific steroids to modulate gene expression within the nuclei of target cells. However, increasing evidence now suggests that many important steroid-induced signaling events are triggered independent of transcription. Examples of “nongenomic” biological responses to steroids include estrogen-induced proliferation of breast cell lines (1), estrogen-mediated dilation of blood vessels (2, 3), and progesterone-induced activation of the acrosomal reaction in sperm (4). The signaling mechanisms responsible for these biological responses are diverse, such as activation of signaling molecules Src, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS), and Akt, as well as rapid alterations in intracellular calcium and cAMP levels (5). Experiments designed to identify steroid receptors that may modulate these nongenomic processes have produced several candidates, including classical steroid receptors located in the membrane (1, 3, 6), traditional G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) (7, 8), and novel membrane-associated steroid binding proteins (9). In most cases, however, the true physiologic importance of these receptors has yet to be proven. Two articles by Zhu and colleagues (10, 11) in this issue of PNAS provide new and provocative insight toward identifying potentially physiologically relevant steroid receptors capable of mediating nongenomic signaling, describing a novel family of high-affinity membrane steroid receptors with structure and signaling similar to GPCRs.
A cancer detection device utilizing multi-tiered neural networks for improved classification

We introduce a multi-tiered neural network architecture that accurately classifies malignant breast tissue from benign breast tissue. The methodology implemented six different backpropagation neural network (BNN) architectures on 180 malignant and 180 benign breast tissue impedance data files sampled at 47 frequencies from 1 hertz (Hz) to 32 megahertz (MHz). The data were collected utilizing a NovaScan cancer detection prototype device in an approved IRB study at Aurora Medical Center, Milwaukee. The BNN analysis consists of a multi-tiered consensus approach autonomously selecting 4 of 6 neural networks to determine a malignant or benign classification. The BNN analysis was then compared to the histology results with consistent sensitivity of 100 percent and a specificity of 100 percent. This implementation successfully relied solely on statistical variation between the histologically confirmed benign and malignant impedance data and intricate neural network analysis. This approach could be a valuable tool to augment current medical practice assessment of the health of breast and other tissue.
Vertical high-mobility wrap-gated InAs nanowire transistor

In this letter, the authors demonstrate a vertical wrap-gated field-effect transistor based on InAs nanowires [Proc. DRC, 2005, p. 157]. The nanowires have a diameter of 80 nm and are grown using selective epitaxy; a matrix of typically 10 /spl times/ 10 vertically standing wires is used as channel in the transistor. The authors measure current saturation at V/sub ds/=0.15 V (V/sub g/=0 V), and a high mobility, compared to the previous nanowire transistors, is deduced.
Implications of WTO Disciplines for Special Economic Zones in Developing Countries

Many developing countries operate geographically delineated economic areas in the form of export processing zones, special industrial zones, or free trade zones. This paper provides an overview of the application of World Trade Organization disciplines to incentive programs typically employed by developing countries in connection with such special economic zone programs. The analysis finds that the disciplines under the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures have the most immediate relevance for middle-income World Trade Organization members that are not exempt for certain"grandfathered"programs, but will also concern other developing countries in the future, as their exemption expires or their per-capita income passes a threshold of US$1,000. Incentives related to special economic zones can be broadly grouped into three categories: (i) measures that are consistent with the World Trade Organization, notably exemptions from duties and taxes on goods exported from special economic zones; (ii) measures that are prohibited or subject to challenge under World Trade Organization law, notably export subsidies and import substitution or domestic content subsidies; and (iii) and measures where World Trade Orgainzation consistency depends on the facts of the particular case. The paper provides a set of recommendations on how to eliminate questionable incentives. The single most important zone policy reform to achieve World Trade Organization compliance is to remove all requirements to export and permit importation of goods manufactured in special economic zones into the national customs territory without any restrictions other than the application of import duties and taxes.
The Demise of Distance? The Declining Role of Physical Distance in Knowledge Transmission

The economics literature clearly shows that the transmission of knowledge diminishes with physical distance, a factor contributing to industrial clustering. This paper investigates how those distances have stretched over time. We measure the physical distance between collaborating inventors, as well as distances between inventors and the technology cited in their patents. There is an obvious change over time while controlling for other factors, and we present interesting implications about the distance-disolving effects of the communication revolution: firms and independent inventors benefit in distinctly different ways, while some states and technology classes are obvious winners over their peers.
Natural Killer Cells Utilize both Perforin and Gamma Interferon To Regulate Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection in the Spleen and Liver

ABSTRACT Natural killer (NK) cells are critical for innate regulation of the acute phase of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection and have been reported to utilize perforin (Pfp)- and gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-dependent effector mechanisms in an organ-specific manner to regulate MCMV infection in the spleen and liver. In this study, we further examined the roles of NK cells, Pfp, and IFN-γ in innate immunity to MCMV infection. With the recently described NK cell-deficient (NKD) mouse, we confirmed previous findings that NK cells, but not NKT cells, are required for control of the acute phase of MCMV infection in spleen and liver cells. Interestingly, we found that Pfp and IFN-γ are each important for regulating MCMV replication in both the spleen and the liver. Moreover, NK cells can regulate MCMV infection in the spleens and livers of Pfp−/− mice in a Pfp-independent manner and can use an IFN-γ-independent mechanism to control MCMV infection in IFN-γ−/− mice. Thus, contrary to previous reports, NK cells utilize both Pfp and IFN-γ to control MCMV infection in the spleen and liver.
ESCAPE, ACCRETION, OR STAR FORMATION? THE COMPETING DEPLETERS OF GAS IN THE QUASAR MARKARIAN 231

We report on high resolution CO(1–0), CS(2–1), and 3 mm continuum Combined Array for Research in Millimeter Astronomy (CARMA) observations of the molecular outflow host and nearest quasar Markarian 231. We use the CS(2–1) measurements to derive a dense gas mass within Mrk 231 of 1.8 ± 0.3 × 10 10 M ⊙ ? > , consistent with previous measurements. The CS(2–1) data also seem to indicate that the molecular disk of Mrk 231 is forming stars at about normal efficiency. The high resolution CARMA observations were able to resolve the CO(1–0) outflow into two distinct lobes, allowing for a size estimate to be made and further constraining the molecular outflow dynamical time, further constraining the molecular gas escape rate. We find that 15% of the molecular gas within the Mrk 231 outflow actually exceeds the escape velocity in the central kiloparsec. Assuming that molecular gas is not constantly being accelerated, we find the depletion timescale of molecular gas in Mrk 231 to be 49 Myr, rather than 32 Myr, more consistent with the poststarburst stellar population observed in the system.
Volume‐sensitive chloride channels (ICl,vol) mediate doxorubicin‐induced apoptosis through apoptotic volume decrease in cardiomyocytes

Apoptosis is associated with early changes in cell volume through a mechanism called apoptotic volume decrease (AVD). As volume‐sensitive chloride channels (ICl,vol) are known to play a key role in the regulation of cell volume, this study investigated the role of ICl,vol and AVD in doxorubicin‐induced apoptotic cell death in adult rabbit ventricular cardiomyocytes. Exposure of cardiomyocytes to 1 μm doxorubicin induced a rapid and significant reduction in cell volume of cardiomyocytes (average of 15%), i.e. AVD as well as increases in the early markers of apoptosis, annexin V labeling and caspase‐3 activity. Doxorubicin also induced the activation of a current characterized as ICl,vol on the basis of the external chloride sensitivity and pharmacological properties with the patch clamp technique. Doxorubicin‐induced AVD and apoptosis were both abolished when cardiomyocytes were exposed to the ICl,vol inhibitors 5‐nitro‐2‐(3‐phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid (NPPB) (0.1 mm) or indanyloxyacetic acid 94 (IAA‐94) (10 μm). The crucial role of ICl,vol during AVD and apoptosis was confirmed using C2‐ceramide, another pro‐apoptotic compound. These results demonstrate that activation of ICl,vol plays a major role in the mechanism leading to cell shrinkage and apoptosis‐induced AVD by agents such as doxorubicin or C2‐ceramide in adult cardiomyocytes.
Transient positive and negative experiences accompanying stage hypnosis.

Frequency of positive and negative experiences accompanying stage hypnosis was assessed in follow-up interviews with 22 participants of university-sponsored performances. Most subjects described their experience positively (relaxing, interesting, exciting, satisfying, illuminating, and pleasurable), but some described it negatively (confusing, silly, annoying, and frightening). Five subjects (22.7%) reported partial or complete amnesia; all were highly responsive to the stage hypnosis suggestions. One subject was completely unable to breach amnesia and felt annoyed and frightened. Five subjects (22.7%) believed the hypnotist had control over their behavior. Participants (n = 15) tested subsequently on the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C (Weitzenhoffer & Hilgard, 1962) were mostly moderately to highly hypnotizable (M = 7.07), and the scores correlated significantly (r = .68) with the percentage of passed stage hypnosis suggestions.
Identification of androgen-regulated genes in mouse kidney by representational difference analysis and random arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction.

The molecular nature of tissue-specific gene regulation by androgens has not been well defined, partly as a result of the variable expression and incomplete regulation of currently available gene models. We have therefore aimed to establish more informative models by identifying alternative genes whose expression is tightly and coordinately regulated by androgens. Female C57BL/6 mice were dosed with dihydrotestosterone- or sham-treated for 8 days, after which kidneys were removed and complementary DNA (cDNA) prepared. We then applied the subtractive hybridization techniques of random arbitrarily primed-PCR and PCR-coupled subtractive hybridization method of cDNA representational difference analysis to the isolated cDNA. In addition to well characterized androgen-regulated genes [e.g. KAP (kidney androgen-regulated protein)], we demonstrate the differential expression of six genes previously not known to be under androgen control. RNA levels of SA, Cytochrome P450 4B1, IL-6ST (interleukin-6 signal transducer), OATP (organic anion transporter), and a newly identified gene, MJAM, were up-regulated by androgen, while 16-alpha-hydroxylase was decreased. Expression of these transcripts was inhibited in dihydrotestosterone-treated females by flutamide and in males by castration, confirming their dependence on androgens. Although all the genes demonstrate tissue-specific regulation by androgen, SA showed both kidney specificity and absolute requirement for androgen for its expression. These newly identified androgen-regulated genes will constitute very useful models for studying the nature of tissue-specific gene regulation by androgens.