Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
UvA-DARE ( Digital Academic Repository ) An expressive completeness theorem for coalgebraic modal μ-calculi

Generalizing standard monadic second-order logic for Kripke models, we introduce monadic second-order logic interpreted over coalgebras for an arbitrary set functor. We then consider invariance under behavioral equivalence of MSO-formulas. More specifically, we investigate whether the coalgebraic mu-calculus is the bisimulation-invariant fragment of the monadic second-order language for a given functor. Using automatatheoretic techniques and building on recent results by the third author, we show that in order to provide such a characterization result it suffices to find what we call an adequate uniform construction for the coalgebraic type functor. As direct applications of this result we obtain a partly new proof of the Janin-Walukiewicz Theorem for the modal mu-calculus, avoiding the use of syntactic normal forms, and bisimulation invariance results for the bag functor (graded modal logic) and all exponential polynomial functors (including the “game functor”). As a more involved application, involving additional non-trivial ideas, we also derive a characterization theorem for the monotone modal mu-calculus, with respect to a natural monadic second-order language for monotone neighborhood models.
Improving fairness in peer-to-peer networks by separating the role of seeders in network infrastructures

Fairness is one of the most important challenges that should be considered as a priority when designing a P2P �le-sharing network. An unfair P2P network may attract free-riders, frustrate the majority of users, and consequently shorten the longevity ofles. When BitTorrent protocol wasrst introduced, by suggesting new algorithms like tit-for- tat or rarest-�rst and combining them with methods like choking and unchoking, it pushed fairness one step forward. However, BitTorrent did not bring a plenary solution and has its own shortcomings. For instance, neither this protocol nor other P2P protocols that we are aware of precisely indicate how seeders should be treated in their networks. Most of the time they dictate that seeders upload as much as possible. With this approach, seeders can easily be abused by free-riders. It gets even worse when we realize that for lack of a good infrastructure a lawful user may become a free-rider unknowingly. The purpose of this paper is to address this problem by suggesting a novel and universal method that can be implemented in current P2P networks. We show that by separating nodes into two groups of seeders and leechers and then implementing a simple pattern for seeders, we can improve fairness in P2P networks. Even though our algorithm is universal and not limited to a specic protocol, by implementing it on BitTorrent we show how it can be used in practice and how effective it is.
Contribution of Tea Root Reinforcement to Soil Shear Strength on Slope Stability

Roots played important role in the process of stabilizing the soil mass. The geo-mechanical and soil-hydrological aspects on the slope are determined by, one of it, the root reinforcement. The role of root branching series with diameter differentiation is greatly determining its tensile stress. The tensile stress from the interaction between the root and the soil, could it contribute to increasing the shear strength of the slope stability. The purpose of this research was to identify the tensile stress on root branching series that interacted with the soil and created additional cohesion as a shear strength contribution to the slope stability. Testing on the root pulling force was conducted on slope prototype with angle 30 o to 40 o and has been planted with tea vegetation. A tripod that was completed with strain gauge as the recording instrument was used. Testing was conducted on two and three root branching, also on each unit by observing the diameter. This testing method was done in saturated soil condition. The tensile stress result showed that increasing diameter of the tea root, an increase was noticed, and also result in the equation of TFr = 0.089 e0.516d . Root diameter increase on two and three root branching to one unit of tea vegetation showed that the stress increase was significant. When observed, in the root diameter differentiation of 4 mm to 6 mm, the stress on two and three root branching and one unit of tea vegetation were respectively 5.94%, 12.30%, and 35.42%. The contribution of additional cohesion caused by root-soil interaction to soil shear strength apparently could increase slope stability.
Mite ( Acari ) fauna of some cultivated plants from Kahramanmara ş , Turkey

Surveys were conducted to identify mite (Acari) species from cultivated plants in Kahramanmaraş, Turkey. Phytophagous and predatory mite species on vegetables and fruit trees were collected during 1997–2000. Phytophagous mites, Tetranychus turkestani (Ugarov and Nikolski) and Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval, were obtained from eggplant, bean, and cucumber. Predatory mites Phytoseius finitimus Ribaga and Amblyseius andersoni (Chant) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) were identified from eggplant and cucumber, respectively. Predatory mite species from mixed fruit orchards belong to the family Phytoseiidae. These species were named Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) bagdasarjani (Wainstein and Arutunjan), Euseius finlandicus Oudemans, Kampimodromus aberrans (Oudemans), Paraseiulus soleiger (Ribaga), Paraseiulus subsoleiger Wainstein, Paraseiulus triporus (Chant and Yoshida-Shaul), P. finitimus on grape, quince, walnut, mulberry, persimmon, peach, and pomegranate; Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) intercalaris (Livshitz and Kuznetzov) on fig. Typhlodromus (A.) bagdasarjani and E. finlandicus were also found on the ornamental plant Ipomoea indica (Burman) Merrill (Convolvulaceae). Tydeus californicus (Banks) (Tydeidae) was reported from an unknown host. The predatory mite, E. finlandicus was the most common phytoseiid species in orchard trees.
ESTUDO DAS CAPACIDADES MOTORAS DE ADOLESCENTES OBESOS E EUTRÓFICOS

The aim of the study was to analyse the muscular strength and the flexibility in obese and eutrophic adolescents with 15 and 18 years of age. In order to do so, the sample was comprised of 179 adolescents: 85 obese and 94 eutrophic, of both genders. The body mass and height were measured. To classify obesity and eutrophy, the cut-off values of body mass index proposed by MUST, DALLAL and DIETZ (1991) were adopted. The evaluation of the motor capacities consisted of the following tests: handgrip, modified sit-up, modified pull-up and six measures of flexibility with the fleximeter. The main results demonstrated that the obese adolescents, when compared to the eutrophic adolescents of the same gender, presented inferior values with significant differences in the abdominal muscular endurance, upper limb muscular endurance and in the flexibility of flexion and extension trunk, knee flexion, hip flexion and abduction movements (p<=0.05). In the movement of shoulder abduction, only the girls presented difference significant, being the inferior values for the obese ones (p<=0.05). Our data suggest that obesity had a negative influence only on the motor tasks in which the body mass itself represented a natural resistance to the effort and in the range of motion of body areas in which the accumulation of body fat mass was larger.
DIETARY EFFECT OF SHORT-CHAIN ORGANIC ACIDS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF INTESTINAL LYMPHOID TISSUES IN FATTENING RESTRICTED RABBITS

This work aimed to test the effect of a dietary inclusion of formic and citric acids on growth performance, mortality, jejunal histology and development of intestinal lymphoid tissues in growing non-medicated rabbits. To this end, a control diet (diet C; 35.9 and 34.7% NDF and 18.9 and 19.1% CP, on DM basis, in the 28- 55 d and 56-77 d periods, respectively) was compared with the same diet supplemented with a blend of microencapsulated formic and citric acids (diet A: diet C enriched with 0.4% and 0.2% in the 28-55 d and 56-77 d periods, respectively). Sixty rabbits weaned at 28 d were assigned to each diet. At 56 and 77 d, 5 rabbits per diet and age were slaughtered to assess caecal traits, jejunal histology and follicular development in the caudal ileal Peyer's patch and the appendix. No dietary effects were observed on growth performance in the 28-55 d period. In the 56-77 d period, average daily gain of rabbits fed diet A was greater than that of control rabbits (48.0 vs. 43.9 g; P=0.019). Mortality rate was not affected by the diet (11.8% on average). Caecal pH, volatile fatty acids and ammonia concentration, and appendix size were not affected by diet. Caecal pH was lower at 77 than at 56 d (6.02 vs 6.19; P=0.016). The concentrations of ammonia (P=0.003) and volatile fatty acids (P<0.001) in the caecal contents increased, respectively, from 9.62 and 70.5 to 14.2 and 81.9 mmol/L when rabbits reached 77 d of age. At 77 d the appendix was heavier (4.30 vs. 3.21 g/kg BW; P<0.001), longer (13.3 vs. 10.4 cm; P<0.001) and wider (1.74 vs. 1.45 cm; P=0.006) than at 56 d. At 56 d, villi of control rabbits were shorter than those of rabbits fed diet A and than those of rabbits aged 77 d, irrespective of the dietary treatment (662 vs. 807 µm; P<0.001). In the Peyer's patch, the average follicle area was greater at 77 than at 56 d of age (118 vs. 88.4 x 10 3 µm 2 ; P<0.001) and was also greater in rabbits fed diet C than in those fed diet A (109 vs. 97.5 x 10 3 µm 2 ; P=0.049). In the appendix, no differences in the average follicle area were found at 56 d of age (115×10 3 µm 2 ), whereas at 77 d the area increase was higher for rabbits fed diet C than for those fed diet A (95.5 vs. 50.8%; P<0.001). In conclusion, including formic and citric acids in growing rabbit diets improved weight gain in the 56-77 period, had a trophic effect on the jejunal mucosa at 56 d and controlled the hypertrophy of gut-associated lymphoid tissues.
Investigation of Cytotoxic Effect of Salvia pilifera Extracts and Synthetic Chlorogenic and Caffeic Acids on DU145 Prostate Cancer Cells Line

Salvia turleri tibbi etkilerinden dolayi pek cok hastaligin tedavisinde kullanilmaktadir, Ancak bu turlerin prostat kanseri uzerine etkilerini gosteren calismalarin sayisi sinirldir. Bu calismada, S. pilifera diklorometan (DCM) ve metanol (MeOH) ekstraktlari ile sentetik klorojenik (CGA) ve kafeik asitin (CA) DU145 prostat kanser hucreleri uzerine antikanser aktivitelerinin belirlenmesi amaclanmistir. DU145 hucrelerinin canliligi MTT boyama testi ile belirlenmistir. Apoptozun induklenmesi Annexine V ve 7ADD boyama kiti kullanilarak belirlenmistir. Ozut uygulamasi sonrasinda hucrelerin DNA’lari izole edilerek fragmentasyona bakilmistir. Son olarak, BAX, Kaspaz3 ve 9, BcL2 ve BcL-xL gen ekspresyon seviyeleri olculmustur. Bununla birlikte, MeOH ektraktindaki olasi fenolik bilesikler HPLC ile belirlenmistir. MTT testinde, ekstrakt ve sentetik fenoliklerin DU145 hucrelerinin canliligini azalttigi tespit edilmistir. Ancak apoptoz indukleme testinde ekstrakt ve fenoliklerin herhangi bir aktivite sergilemedikleri belirlenmistir. DNA fragmentasyon testinde, kontrolle kiyaslandiginda ekstrakt uygulanan gruplarda bir farklilik gorulmezken, CGA ve CA uygulama gruplarinda suruntu seklinde parcalanma gozlenmistir. Ayrica, apoptotik ve antiapoptotik gen ekspresyonlarinda zayif degisimler gozlenmekle birlikte bu degisimler istatistiksel olarak onemli bulunmamistir. Ayrica, S. pilifera ’da fumarik asit, gallik asit, gallokatesin, katesin, oleorufein, 4-hidroksibenzoik asit, kafeik asit, sirinjik asit, ellajik asit, 3-hidroksi sinnamik asit ve protokatesik asit belirlenmistir. Sonuc olarak, S. pilifera DCM ve MeOH ozutleri ve kullanilan sentetik fenolik asitlerin prostat kanser hucreleri uzerine belirli dozlarda (DCM icin ≥50 µg ml -1 ; MeOH icin ≥ 100 µg ml -1 ; CGA and CA icin ≥ 1 µg ml -1 ) sitotoksit etki gosterdikleri, ancak bu etkinin apoptoz yolagiyla iliskili olmadigi belirlenmistir .
A Recursive Approach For Bleed-Through removal

Historical documents are valuable resources worth to be preserved in order to support our cultural and social knowledge. Unfortunately, these supports based on fragile materials are often affected by several types of degradations. Applying restoration techniques on degraded captured digital images of historical documents may be a quick and efficient way to preserve the document and avoid the loss in its content. This paper presents a new method to restore a particular type of degradation which is referred to as "bleed-through". This degradation is caused by the interference of characters from the reverse side with the text to be read. Our proposed method is based on a recursive approach that relies on two types of analysis: the Principal Component Analysis and the k-means clustering algorithm. The aim here is to extract clear textural images from these interfering and overlapping areas of text. Our restoration method analyses the front side image alone and corrects the unneeded image components. This paper concludes with some experimental results that demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Stressors Exploiting Teacher's Satisfaction and Professional Commitment the key to reduce Job Burnout

This study empirically investigates various stressors leading job stress that effect teachers in higher educational system of Pakistan. 166 higher educational faculty members of 17 public and private universities listed under federal region with Higher Education Commission of Pakistan have given their responses. Four determinants which are role conflict, role ambiguity, home-work interface and work overload as predictors of job stress were identified and studied, only one role ambiguity showed insignificant relation. The causal negative relation of job stress and job satisfaction was identified and in a similar vein job satisfaction studied having a moderating effect of professional commitment on burnout that weakens the highly negative relationship between job satisfaction and burnout. SEM analysis used for exploring the causal path relationship. Key words: Job Stress, Job Satisfaction, Burnout, Professional Commitment, Structure Equation Modeling.
Characterization of esterase activity in the Bianchetta trevigiana grape variety under reducing conditions

Background and methods: While extensive research has been carried out on the enzymes responsible for ester synthesis and hydrolysis by wine strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, grape esterase activity is limited. In this study, the autochthonous grape variety, Bianchetta trevigiana, widespread in the Prosecco wine production area of Treviso, Conegliano, and Asolo, Italy, was characterized according to its esterase activity. Because grape skin is very rich in compounds which impart qualitative characteristics to wine, the study of esterase was carried out on this part of the fruit. Results: During enzyme extraction from grape skin, the presence of the reducing agent, β-mercaptoethanol, allowed a better protein yield but reduced esterase activity. Further addition of increasing doses of reducing agents to grape skin protein extract, such as of K2S2O5 (used in winemaking) and DTT, reduced or inhibited esterase activity. Even though the zymographic profiles of the extracts obtained with and without β-mercaptoethanol were qualitatively equal, the intensity of enzymatic bands, measured by densitometry, was different. Conclusion: The presence of reducing agents affected the activity of grape skin esterase, and given that this enzyme is involved in the hydrolysis and synthesis of esters, which are important compounds responsible for the flavor of wine, addition of reducing agents could affect the aromatic profile of wine.
Chemical incorporation of copper into indium selenide thin‐films for processing of CuInSe2 solar cells

A chemical method of incorporating copper into indium selenide thin‐films has been investigated, with the goal of creating a precursor structure for conversion into CuInSe2 (CIS) layers suitable for solar cell processing. The precursor and converted layers have been investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). From these measurements, the incorporation of copper into the indium selenide layers is concluded to proceed by an ion‐exchange reaction. This reaction results in the formation of a precursor layer with a graded compositional depth‐profile containing the crystalline phases In2Se3 and Cu2−xSe. Selenisation of the precursor layer homogenises the composition and forms chalcopyrite CIS. These CIS layers exhibit a dense microstructure with rough surface morphology, which is ascribed to a non‐optimal selenisation process. Solar cells with the structure ZnO: Al/i‐ZnO/CdS/CIS/Mo/glass have been processed from the selenised layers and have exhibited efficiencies of up to 4% under simulated AM1·5 illumination. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring the role of a MOOC as a platform for impact based learning in O&SCM

The concept of Engaged Scholarship emerged as reaction to the failure of business schools to produce research that advances practice and creates value for individuals outside the academy. The literature proposes several models of engaged scholarship, but there is a paucity of studies presenting and testing practical ways of implementing an engaged scholarship. This paper fills this gap by exploring the role of a Massive Open Online Course as tool for the implementation of an engaged scholarship in Operations and Supply Chain Management. The test is based on the analysis of the comments of a MOOC on Supply Chains.
Improving excellence in schools: Evidence from the Italian OECD-PISA 2012 data

This paper investigates the characteristics of excellence in schools’ performance. The main objective is to highlight the characteristics of students and schools that seem to favour (or decrease) the probability of being top-performers in the mathematical literacy. In order to achieve these objectives, logistic regression models have been developed based on the OECD-PISA 2012 data of the Italian sample. The first analysis focuses on top-performers; the second analysis focuses on the characteristics of resilient top-performers and the third analysis focuses on the advantaged top-performers. The main results indicate strong differences in the Italian macro-areas: North-West and North-East obtain better results than the regions of the South in improving excellence. This is particularly true if the student comes from a family disadvantaged context. A second result is that there is a gender issue in excellence, which, if addressed, could significantly raise the percentage of top-performers across the country. The keys to addressing the gender difference include the following: to foster motivation of girls (and students in general) on mathematics, to orient students towards the choice of mathematically strong paths in the phase immediately before adolescence (when gender stereotyping in mathematics is activated).
Ensemble-derived estimation of wind uncertainty using a linear variance calibration for probabilistic weather applications

The uncertainty in meteorological (MET) predictions is of great interest for a large number of applications, ranging from economic to recreational to public safety. It is therefore important that numerical models and forecasts provide accurate estimates of their uncertainty along with their best or most likely prediction (NRC 2007). One common method for determining this uncertainty is the use of ensembles, with multiple numerical forecasts produced using slightly different initial conditions and/or model parameterizations. The goal of using an ensemble is to span the possible outcomes given the uncertainties in the initial state of the atmosphere, the limited observations and the modeling system (Leith 1974). The mean of the ensemble has also been shown to outperform any individual ensemble member compared to observations (Hamill and Colucci 1997, Stensrud et al. 1999). While ensemble forecasting is a significant step toward forecasting the most likely outcome and the uncertainty in the forecast, the size of operational ensembles is insufficient to fully represent the probability density function (PDF) of possible forecasts. An ensemble capable of doing so is impractical with current computing resources. Therefore, any MET ensemble provides a sampling of the full forecast PDF and any measures of the uncertainty from the ensemble (such as variance) should be evaluated for applicability and calibrated if necessary. Many studies, including Houtekamer et al. (1997), show that most MET ensembles are under-dispersive (the ensemble spread is consistently smaller than the spread in the forecast errors). Several studies attempt to determine a correlation between ensemble spread and some measure of the error for various variables (Kalnay and Dalcher 1987, Murphy 1988, Barker 1991, Houtekamer 1993, Buizza 1997, Hamill and Colucci 1998, Stensrud et al. 1999), but these studies generally find an unacceptably low correlation between spread and errors (Grimit and Mass 2007). Houtekamer (1993) explains this low correlation using a stochastic model that showed that, even in idealized cases, the correlation between ensemble spread and absolute error will not be large. Grimit (2004) proposes that, rather than a simple spread-to-error correlation, a more probabilistic approach should be used to evaluate ensemble
2 How Do Real Options Create Value ?

This paper provides an introduction to real options, as well as highlighting some important issues that are often neglected by real options analysts. While many books and surveys have been written on real options, there are some ubiquitous concepts that are not well-understood by many authors and practitioners. The objective of this paper is to redress this shortfall. The paper discusses organizational issues that impede adoption of real options strategies. It discusses modelling and analytic techniques for real options.
GENERAL INSIGHTS OF THE PORTUGUESE MARITIME ECONOMY AND PARTICULARLY OF THE ALGARVE REGION: CONTRIBUTING TOWARDS A STRATEGIC VISION

The purpose of the current paper is to provide a critical characterization and evaluation of the current situation concerning the more relevant maritime sectors in Portugal and particularly in the Algarve region. It aims to contribute to a necessary and urgent debate on relation to the absolute need for a new strategic vision for Portugal and for the Algarve, based on a new set of distinctive factors capable of levering the competitiveness of the economy. In face of this crucial challenge, a cluster approach for the economy of the sea is defended in this article. To take full advantage of the immense natural resources offered by the enormous Portuguese EEZ requires a coordinated and integrated effort through interactive and mutually interdependent processes of coopetition, involving private and public actors, companies and their clients and suppliers, I&D institutions, sectoral organizations, and other relevant stakeholders. The creation of a dynamic and virtuous Diamond for the maritime economy begins by understanding what are the main characteristics and distinctive factors that can substantiate the proposal of a differentiation framework for a national and/or regional maritime cluster
An improvement of real time car license plate detection in the surveillance system

We improve RTCLPD (Real Time Car License Plate Detection) method for detecting more than one car license plate in an image. The moving object detection method is applied to recognize the number of cars in the image. We used a simple condition to filter out the moving object which is not a car. Some parameters are estimated by the obtained moving object and RTCLPD is applied in the partial area of each moving object. Since RTCLPD is applied in each moving object, it can be improved to detect more than one plate in an image. According to the results, we detect the car license plate accurately in a short time and all plates are detected in an image.