Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
TCR Repertoires of Thymic Conventional and Regulatory T Cells: Identification and Characterization of Both Unique and Shared TCR Sequences

Key Points αβ TCR sequences of tTreg and Tconv are distinguished by an ML algorithm. A fraction of αβ TCR sequences of tTreg and Tconv are conserved across mice. Thymic regulatory T cells (tTreg) are critical in the maintenance of normal T cell immunity and tolerance. The role of TCR in tTreg selection remains incompletely understood. In this study, we assessed TCRα and TCRβ sequences of mouse tTreg and thymic conventional CD4+ T cells (Tconv) by high-throughput sequencing. We identified αβ TCR sequences that were unique to either tTreg or Tconv and found that these were distinct as recognized by machine learning algorithm and by preferentially used amino acid trimers in αβ CDR3 of tTreg. In addition, a proportion of αβ TCR sequences expressed by tTreg were also found in Tconv, and machine learning classified the great majority of these shared αβ TCR sequences as characteristic of Tconv and not tTreg. These findings identify two populations of tTreg, one in which the regulatory T cell fate is associated with unique properties of the TCR and another with TCR properties characteristic of Tconv for which tTreg fate is determined by factors beyond TCR sequence.
Exploring the value of the double source CT angiography in diagnosing in-stent restenosis in lower limb artery

Objectives This paper is aimed to explore the value of double source CT angiography (DS-CTA) for diagnosing in-stent restenosis in lower limb artery. Methods From January 2016 to October 2018, all patients with stent in lower limb artery in our hospital were investigated by both DS-CTA and digital subtraction angiography. We measured the minimum lumen diameter and the diameter of the proximal normal vessels under each stent placement. The in-stent restenosis is defined as restenosis when the lumen area decreased by more than 50%. Digital subtraction angiography was performed within 1 week after DS-CT scan. Relationship between DS-CTA and digital subtraction angiography for diagnosing in-stent restenosis in lower limb artery was analyzed. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of DS-CTA for diagnosis of in-stent restenosis were analyzed with digital subtraction angiography as the reference standard. A total of 68 stents were placed in 51 patients. Among these patients, 27 cases were diagnosed as in-stent restenosis, presenting as endovascular contrast agent bias or crescent filling defect with the lumen area reducing over 50%, 6 cases of which had no significant in-stent restenosis by digital subtraction angiography analysis. Furthermore, 12 cases were occlusion, in which there was no high density contrast agent in stents; the remaining 41 stents were unobstructed and the contrast agent was filled well, 8 cases of which had significant in-stent restenosis by digital subtraction angiography analysis. In addition, four stents were deformed or distorted. Statistical analysis demonstrated the concentrations of DS-CTA and digital subtraction angiography in diagnosing in-stent restenosis for lower limb artery were closely related, and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of DS-CTA were 72.4%, 84.6%, 77.8%, 80.5%, and 79.4%, respectively. Conclusion DS-CTA has a potential reliability for diagnosis of in-stent restenosis in lower limb artery, which may be further improved to be used for clinical interventional treatment of vascular diseases.
Production of Prodigiosin Pigment by Serratia marcescens Is Negatively Associated with Cellular ATP Levels During High-rate, Low Cell Density Growth.

Serratia marcescens is a facultatively-anaerobic bacterium and the most recognized producer of the hydrophobic pigment prodigiosin. Previous work has shown that prodigiosin both increases ATP production during population lag phase and approximately doubles the stationary phase cell yield. Here, we employed both batch and chemostat culture methods to investigate prodigiosin's role during high rate growth at low cell density as peak cellular ATP levels decline. Batch culture experiments utilizing artificial pigment induction showed an ATP reduction during low cell density growth. In addition, pigment induction during fixed growth rate chemostat culture revealed a negative correlation between cellular levels of prodigiosin and ATP (r = -0.95). Variable growth rate chemostat experiments showed an inverse relationship between ATP per cell and prodigiosin per cell during low density growth but a direct relationship during high density growth. Rate modeling of chemostat data quantified the pigment's effect on cellular levels of ATP for both population growth phases. Finally, prodigiosin production in a heterologous bacterium led to ATP decline. These data with intact cells complement the established in vitro proton import function of prodigiosin pigment and may indicate an energy spilling function during high rate, low cell density growth.
A Synthetic Feature Skull Descriptor for 3D Skull Similarity Measurement

3D skull similarity measurement is a challenging and meaningful task in the fields of archaeology, forensic science, and anthropology. However, it is difficult to correctly and directly measure the similarity between 3D skulls which are geometric models with multiple border holes and complex topologies. In this paper, based on the synthetic feature method, we propose a novel 3D skull descriptor, synthetic wave kernel distance distribution (SWKDD) constructed by the laplace–beltrami operator. By defining SWKDD, we obtain a concise global skull representation method and transform the complex 3D skull similarity measurement into a simple 1D vector similarity measurement. First, we give the definition and calculation of SWKDD and analyse its properties. Second, we represent a framework for 3D skull similarity measurement using the SWKDD of 3D skulls and details of the calculation steps involved. Finally, we validate the effectiveness of our proposedmethod by calculating the similarity measurement of 3D skulls based on the real craniofacial database.
18 Algorithms for MT 2 : Parameter Optimization Methods

Up until this point, most of the models we have encountered have been learned using some variety of maximum likelihood estimation. Our neural models were all learned by trying to maximize the probability of the output sentence, and the parameters of the symbolic models were also generally estimated by counting and dividing, which is also a form of maximum likelihood. However, when actually using a translation model, we aren’t interested in how much probability the model gives to good translations, but whether the translation that it generates is actually good or not. Thus, we would like a method that tunes the parameters of a machine translation system, whether they be the parameters of a neural network in an NMT system, or the parameters of linear model such as those found in log-linear language models (shown in Equation 17) (shown in Equation 150). To state this formally, we know that our system will be generating a translation
Screening and identification of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances producing lactic acid bacteria from fermented products

Nowadays consumers are aware of the composition of their foods and want to avoid chemical preservatives and taste enhancers like monosodium glutamate. The consumer demands and government regulations push the food manufacturers to find the natural preservatives to control the contaminating microbes, mostly responsible for food spoilage and poisoning. Biopreservation efficient and natural way of preserving the foods, is defined as employing the non-pathogenic, beneficial bacteria or their secondary metabolites to extend the shelf-life of foods and to increase the microbiological safety.
Novel Intelligent Approach for Peak Shear Strength Assessment of Rock Joints on the Basis of the Relevance Vector Machine

This study mainly establishes a novel intelligent assessment model for peak shear strength of rock joints based on the relevance vector machine (RVM). RVM is a state-of-the-art soft computing technique that has been rarely utilized in joint shear strength assessment. To establish the hybrid intelligent model, three-dimensional scanning tests and direct shear tests on 36 granite joint specimens were conducted. The peak shear strength ratio ( ) is perceived as an explanation of four types of influencing factors, including joint surface roughness, strength of rock material, basic friction angle, and normal stress. In particular, the compressive strength and tensile strength of rock material are first considered together. A total of 36 experimental data were used in this study to train the RVM model to predict the peak shear strength of rock joints. The performance of the RVM model was assessed using the direct shear test data of rock joints collected from previous researches. Four different kinds of kernel functions were adopted to obtain the optimal model. Results show that the proposed model is significantly efficient in predicting the peak shear strength of rock joints. The proposed model is also a promising tool for peak shear strength of rock joints and provides a new research approach to research the mechanical properties of rock joints.
Bounded Memory with Finite Action Spaces∗

This study establishes that the Folk Theorem holds for any 2 player repeated game with (time-independent) limited-memory pure strategies, and with discounting. That is, we prove that any strictly individually rational payoff can be approximated with a limited-memory subgame perfect strategy profile (involving only pure actions) when players are sufficiently patient. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: C72; C73; C79
Simulation of a Reactor Cavity Steam Explosion with a General Purpose Computational Fluid Dynamics Code

Do eksplozije pare v reaktorski votlini lahko pride, èe med hipotetièno resno nezgodo v jedrski elektrarni popusti reaktorska posoda in se staljena sredica izlije v vodo, ki je v reaktorski votlini. Eksplozija pare je pojav medsebojnega delovanja goriva in hladiva pri katerem je èasovna lestvica prenosa toplote s staljene sredice na vodo manja od èasovne lestvice za tlaèno razbremenitev. To lahko povzroèi tlaène udarne valove in kasneje, med raztezanjem pare, ki je pod visokim tlakom, nastanek izstrelkov, ki lahko pokodujejo okolike objekte. Namen prispevka je predstaviti, kako je eksplozije pare mogoèe obravnavati s splonim programom za raèunsko dinamiko tekoèin (RDT), podati vpogled v dogajanja med eksplozijo pare v reaktorski votlini tipiènega tlaènovodnega jedrskega reaktorja, in podati grobo oceno ogroenosti sten reaktorske votline in reaktorske posode ob eksploziji pare. Za dosego teh ciljev smo najprej razvili ustrezen namenski model eksplozije pare in nato opravili obseno, primerno konzervativno parametrièno analizo eksplozije pare v poplavljeni reaktorski votlini. Veèfazni tok v reaktorski votlini med raztezanjem visokotlaène meanice razprene taline, kapljevite vode in vodne pare smo simulirali s programom CFX5.7. 1 za RDT, napetosti v stenah reaktorske votline pa s programom za simulacijo mehanike trdnin ABAQUS/ Explicit. © 2006 Strojniki vestnik. Vse pravice pridrane. (Kljuène besede: reaktorji jedrski, nezgode reaktorjev, eksplozija pare, votlina reaktorska, raèunska dinamika tekoèin)
Career Choices of Business Administration Students: A Turkish Case

The purpose of the study is to understand the reasons of students’ choosing business administration department, to identify these students’ career expectations and concerns, and to realize the changes and the reasons of the changes in their career choices and expectations through the education process. The study was conducted at business administration department of a state university located in a small city in Turkey. In-depth interviews were conducted with 40 volunteer undergraduate BA students both at their freshman and senior years. The university entrance exam scores and family socio-economic status of the students are the main factors influencing their choice of BA education. It has been observed that students are mainly affected from the opinions of their friends and the social environment they are in when deciding the field of work they will be choosing upon their graduation and that internships and part time work usually help them reach clarity where their career objectives are concerned. The data collection process has been performed in the freshmen year of the students and repeated in the senior year they graduate from university. The fact that the study has been completed in a period of 4 years adds to its authentic value.
The importance of partnerships in supply chains

The article deals with a overview of various theories and studies examining the concepts of partnerships, relationships and strategic alliances. We present various perspectives and theories dealing with these concepts, in connection and interdependence with the supply chain and the supply chain management. In conclusion, we try to establish a model to become the basis for our further study of strategic alliances and their strengths.
Association between Chewing Problems and Sleep among Japanese Adults

An association between physical illness and sleep has been suggested. Disordered chewing might be a physical factor that is associated with sleep issues. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine whether chewing problems are associated with sleep in Japanese adults. Sleep and chewing issues were evaluated in 6,025 community residents using a self-reported questionnaire. The prevalence of poor sleep quality and sleeping for <6 h/day (short duration) were 15.6% and 29.4%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that prevalence of poor sleep quality was significantly associated with self-reported medical history (odds ratio (OR), 1.30; p < 0.001), self-reported symptoms (OR, 4.59; p < 0.001), chewing problems (OR, 1.65; p < 0.001), and poor glycemic control (OR, 1.43; p=0.035). The prevalence of short sleep duration was also significantly associated with female sex (OR, 1.23; p=0.001), self-reported symptoms (OR, 1.60; p < 0.001), chewing problems (OR, 1.30; p=0.001), and being overweight (OR, 1.41; p < 0.001). In conclusion, chewing problems were associated with poor sleep quality and short sleep duration among Japanese adults.
DETERMINANTS OF M-PESA PAYBILL ADOPTION AMONG SAFARICOM M-PESA CUSTOMERS IN MIGORI TOWN, KENYA

The study sought to investigate the determinants of M-Pesa pay bill adoption in Migori Town. The research objectives were to investigate the effect of literacy level on M-Pesa pay bill adoption, the effect of customer awareness on M-Pesa pay bill and the effect of perceived security on M-Pesa pays bill adoption. It was expected that the adoption of M-Pesa pay bill would reduce the institutions overhead cost, queue and reduce time wastage used while travelling to the institutions, though the observation reveals that majority still prefer paying bills directly over the counter. The specific objectives include; establishing the relationship between the literacy level, awareness level and perceived security and M-Pesa pay bill adoption in Migori Town. Explanatory design was appropriate as it allowed the researcher to collect data from respondents and make inferences from the data. Data was analyzed using Multi-Regression tests generated from SPSS version 23. From the study findings, literacy level had a negative effect on M-Pesa pay bill adoption with coeffienct of 0.268 and p-value of 0.00, while customer awareness had positive effect on M-Pesa pay bill adoption with beta coeffiecient of 0.278 p-value of 0.00. However perceived security had no significantly effect on M-Pesa pay bill adoption with p-value more than 0.05. It is important for safaricom to improve on the M-Pesa pay bill user interface. Customers should understand the risk areas and the precautions set by the institutions to protect the users.
The Effects of Lead Toxicity on the Hematological Parameters Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) at Varying Salinity Levels

Article info: Received: 13 May 2019 Accepted: 16 Nov 2019 Online Published: 10 Jan 2020 Research Paper: The Effects of Lead Toxicity on the Hematological Parameters Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio) at Varying Salinity Levels * Corresponding author: Roya Rahnama, PhD. Address: Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran. E-mail: royarahnama60@yahoo.com
www.econstor.eu Multidimensional Measurement of Richness and the Role of Income and Wealth

Closely following recent innovations in the literature on the multidimensional measurement of poverty, this paper provides similar measures for the top of the distribution using a dual cutoff method to identify persons, who can be considered as rich in a multidimensional setting. Thereby, the derived measures do not only take into account the number of individuals’ affluent dimensions, but are also sensitive to changes in achievements of the rich. We make use of this framework to analyze the role of wealth, in addition to income, as one dimension of multidimensional well-being. In addition we analyze the roles of health and education. We provide empirical evidence for Germany. JEL Classification: D31, D63, I0, I31
Development and New Technology of Cardiac Pacemaker

Cardiac pacemaker is one of the methods to treatment arrhythmia and heart rate laxity.It is used in clinical application worldwidly. It can not only make cardiac arrest systolic again,but can also interference diagnosis and treat arrhythmia.Cardiac pacemaker is a technology which mixes cardiac electrophysiology,engineering and bio-medical engineering and is still in further development. This article introduces the development course of cardiac pacemaker and reports the new development in research.
A Novel Compact Microstrip Antenna with an Embeddedλ/4 Resonator

In this paper, a novel design of compact microstrip antenna (MA) using an embedded λ/4 resonator is presented. By utilizing the strong coupling between the λ/4 resonator and the radiation patch of MA, the resonant frequency of MA can be decreased. Besides, the λ/4 resonator is embedded in the patch, which does not enlarge the whole size of MA. Therefore, a compact antenna can be realized. In this paper, after the principle is stated, a sample antenna has been manufactured and measured to prove the predicted characteristics of our proposed antenna. The measurement agrees well with the simulation. Hence, the proposed method in this paper is quite suitable for the design of a compact antenna.
Multidimensional Self-Organizing Chord-Based Networking for Internet of Things

˗ IoT is a coin term recently used in ICT research and industrial community to express the involvement of devices of different capabilities and functionalities in the daily activities of people and organizations. With the enormous amount of data generated by highly dynamic users, the problem of storing, looking up, validating and manipulating data becomes crucial for the success of future networks. A multidimensional chord peer-peer network as extension to the successful chord technology is proposed to cope with the dynamism of IoT networks. Novel approaches have been developed to tackle the high frequency of nodes joining and leaving/failure the network and to deal with Big data, similarity of data, filtering and Geo data.
PALYNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY DURING THE QUATERNARY

DRAMATIC changes in climate have occurred during the last two million years, causing glaciers to form at high latitudes. The glaciers grew in size, spreading out as sheets of ice over the continents, covering at their maximum one-third the land area of the earth. The advance of ice was followed by retreat and readvance, as the climate oscillated between glacial conditions and intervals of warmer climate similar to today. These changes had profound effects upon plants and animals. They caused extinctions, altered distributions, and stimulated rapid evolutionary change. Even the last few thousand years have witnessed profound change. Only 14,000 years ago tundra and spruce-pine woodland covered much of what is now eastern United States, and stands of spruce forest grew on the high plains. As the climate warmed, and the ice sheet shrank in area, spruce spread into the tundra, growing close to the ice margin in some regions, separated from it by a broad belt of tundra in others. Mammoths and mastodons and caribou grazed on tundra and parkland, and Paleolithic man, newly arrived on the continent, moved across the landscape in their pursuit. But by 9000 years ago there had been a profound change. The tundra disappeared, and spruce was replaced by thick forests of deciduous and coniferous trees. The large herbivores became rare or extinct, and the hunters found new means of livelihood. These changes in vegetation and climate were discovered by a technique known as palynology. Recognized as one of the most powerful methods in modern paleoecology, palynology is an expanding field in the United States. A new objectivity characterizes recent work, replacing the intuitive style that long made the method difficult to understand and evaluate. With increasing sophistication, palynology increases its potential for providing a detailed record of the environment of the past. The nature of this record will be described, following an explanation of the way ancient vegetation can be deduced from pollen in sediment.
The Sa Phase from the Hindu Kush Earthquake of July 6 , I 962 By

The Hindu Kush earthquake of July 6, 1962 produced an Sa phase (vertical component or Rayleigh type) which was clearly recorded at stations in North America in the distance range 90 ~ to 110 ~ The propagation of this phase is studied in detail, both by the usual method of measuring velocity of first arrival and also by determining group velocities from the derivative of the phase of the Fourier transform (in the period range 20 to 80 seconds). The energy in the Sa phase propagates in a manner intermediate between that of a single ray and that of a single isolated mode. The expected interference effects which vary as a function of distance are observed and complicate a straight-forward measurement of group velocities. The results are most reliable if only the group velocities corresponding to parts of the spectra with relatively high amplitudes are used. The results show a regional variation in the velocity of the Rayleigh type Sa for continental areas, being higher under shield areas than under areas of more recent tectonic activity. The results are compared with theoretical calculations for the Gutenberg, Jeffreys-Bullen and Canadian Shield models of the Earth and the results indicate regional variations in shear velocity in the upper mantle extending to depths of several hundred km under continents.