Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LUMENAL PLASMA MEMBRANE OF THE URINARY BLADDER

To determine the three-dimensional structure of the lumenal membrane of transitional epithelium, a study was made of sectioned, negatively stained, and freeze-etched specimens from intact epithelium and membrane fractions from rabbit urinary bladder. Particulate membrane components are confined to plaque regions within which the unit membrane is asymmetric, having a thicker outer leaflet. Transversely fractured freeze-etched plaques display a thick (∼80 A), particulate lumenal leaflet and a thin (∼40 A) cytoplasmic one. Four different faces of the two leaflets can be distinguished: two complementary, split, inner membrane faces exposed by freeze-cleaving the bilayer and two external (lumenal and cytoplasmic) membrane surfaces revealed by deep-etching. On the split, inner face of the lumenal leaflet appear polygonal plaques of hexagonally arranged particles. These fit into holes observed on the complementary, split, innerface of the cytoplasmic leaflet. The particles, which have a center-to-center spacing of ∼160 A, also seem to protrude from the external surface of the lumenal leaflet, where their subunits (∼50 A in diameter) are revealed by freeze-etching and negative staining. The plaques are separated from each other by smooth-surfaced regions, which cleave like simple lipid bilayers. Since the array of plaque particles covers only ∼73% of the membrane surface area, whereas 27% is taken up by particle-free interplaque regions, the presence of particles cannot in itself entirely account for the permeability barrier of the lumenal membrane. Although no particles are observed protruding from the cytoplasmic surface of the membrane, cytoplasmic filaments are attached to it by short, cross-bridge-like filaments that seem to contact the particles within the membrane. These long cytoplasmic filaments cross-link adjacent plaques. Therefore, we suggest that at least one function of the particles is to serve as anchoring sites for cytoplasmic filaments, which limit the expansion of the lumenal membrane during distention of the bladder, thereby preventing it from rupturing. The particle-free interplaque regions probably function as hinge areas between the stiff plaques, allowing the membrane to fold up when the bladder is contracted.
What Happens to New-Onset Headache in Children That Present to Primary Care? A Case-Cohort Study Using Electronic Primary Care Records

The aim was to describe the consulting behaviour and clinical outcomes of children presenting with headache in primary care. This was a historical cohort study using data from the UK General Practitioner Research Database. Cases were children aged 5-17 years who presented to primary care with primary headache (migraine, tension-type headache, cluster headache) or undifferentiated headache (no further descriptor). Controls were age, sex and practice matched. Their records were examined for consultations, referrals, relevant treatments and specific diseases in the subsequent year. Children with headache (n = 48 575) were identified and matched to controls. At presentation, 9321 (19.2%) of headaches were labelled primary, 549 (1.1%) secondary and 38 705 (79.7%) received no formal diagnosis. Of the latter group, 2084 (5.4%) received a primary headache diagnosis in the subsequent year. Following a diagnosis of migraine, 258 (3.5%) had received a triptan and 1598 (21%) were using propranolol or pizotifen. Total consultations were higher in cases than in controls in the year before the headache: cases ages 5-8 years, mean (S.D.) 5.0 (4.0) consultations; controls 4.0 (3.5) consultations. In 1 year controls had 43 430 consultations, of which 256 (0.6%) were for headache, of whom 64 (25%) were referred to secondary care. Headache was a risk factor for benign and malignant tumours, cerebrovascular disease, primary disorders of raised intracranial pressure and depression. This risk was reduced if a diagnosis of a primary headache disorder could be made. Although there is an increased likelihood of a serious pathology with headache presentations, the risk is small particularly if a diagnosis of a primary headache is made. General practitioners are likely to be underdiagnosing migraine. This study can inform management guidelines for new presentations of headache in primary care, particularly when a secondary pathology is suspected.
Driver activity recognition in virtual reality driving simulation

In this research, we present the design of a driving seat with driver activities recognition based on a passive method for measuring body-postures by using two force sensor arrays to inspect the pressure patterns exhibited in driver's seat and backrest. The seat is designed by testing the sensors distribution to find the most suitable distribution to make the recognition more accurate. A Virtual Reality (VR) driving simulation is developed to test the accuracy of recognition in immersive environment. Experiments carried out to test the posture recognition accuracy in both realistic setting and VR setting. The result showed that the system was able to recognize ten different postures with various accuracy ratio. The VR immersive driving environment enhanced the accuracy recognition in some postures.
Left Ventricular Structure during Antihypertensive Treatment in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

The aim of our study was to investigate the left ventricular (LV) echocardiographic parameters and estimate the antiremodeling efficacy of eprosartan and lercanidipine in patients with chronic kidney disease, depending on the presence or absence of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Materials and Methods: The study included 121 patients (mean age 52.4±5.7 years) with CKD stage 3 (KDOQI, 2002). Patients were distributed in two groups according to the etiology of CKD. Group 1 consisted of 67 patients with non-diabetic CKD. Group 2 consisted of 54 CKD patients with DN. All patients had arterial hypertension grade 1 or 2 (ESH/ESC, 2013). All patients underwent clinical examination, echocardiography; GFR was estimated by the Cockcroft-Gault formula. Stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) were determined according to the KDOQI 2002 classification. Eprosartan and lercanidipine were prescribed to patients after one week of lavage from previous antihypertensive therapy. This 6-month follow-up study compared the effectiveness of two courses of treatment. Results: Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was observed in all CKD patients regardless of the presence or absence of DN. Eprosartan and lercanidipine showed the high antihypertensive efficacy expressing a reliable decrease in absolute values of SBP and DBP. In CKD patients with DN, on the background of a comparable antihypertensive effect, eprosartan, in comparison with lercanidipine, showed a more pronounced effect on the LV echocardiographic parameters associated with LVH regression. (Int J Biomed. 2015;6(1):18-21. ).
Manipulating forces in optical vortex using plasmonic bumps

In this paper, small plasmonic nanobumps, which consist of metal/dielectric layers are placed on the ring of optical vortex to enhance electric field ampltiude. In this paper, a plasmonic nanobump is placed on the ring of smaller optical vortex. The smaller optical vortex form from the resultant topological phase between the handedness of the incident circular polarized light and the nanoslits spiral. Different designs of plasmonic nanobump are investigated, and tapered nanobump produced higher field enhancement due to higher surface charge density at the tapering end. Higher field intensity at the tip of the plasmonic nanobump produces lower potential, which attract nanoparticle to the region. The optical force increases by the square of the electric field amplitude. This high electric field intensity at the plasmonic nanobump functions as attractive node, which trap molecules inside the optical vortex. Additional plasmonic nanobumps are added onto the other locations of the optical vortex to manipulate the particle trapping positions. This allows the precise control of molecule's position and movement for imaging, characterization and analysis, which is useful for mobile lab-on-chip devices.
Identifying new prognostic features for remaining useful life prediction

An accurate prediction of the remaining useful life (RUL) from a prognosis system relies on a good selection of prognosis features. The latter should well capture the trend of the fault progression. In situation where the existence of the fault to failure data is rare and the development of degradation based model is difficult, we must be addressed to the identification of new features having the qualities mentioned above. This paper present an new selection method based upon the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to identify the advanced prognosis feature and the Hidden Semi Markov Model (HSMM) for the prediction of the remaining useful life. This method was validated on a set of experimental data collected from bearing failures.
ABEL P RODUCTS AS EXPERIENCE GOODS #

Food retailing has become more concentrated and private label goods have spread over the last 40 years. Using a two-stage model in which consumers become informed about the quality of the good only in period 2, we examine what determines the presence or absence of private label experience goods in supermarkets. Our most novel result is that in the case of products purchased infrequently, producing a reputable private label is not sustainable. Retailer bargaining power increases the likelihood of a private label good being produced. Evidence from France is consistent with the main propositions. JEL Classification : L11, L14, D21, D42.
Dietary Fat Intake Modifies the Effect of a Common Variant in the LIPC Gene on Changes in Serum Lipid Concentrations during a Long-Term Weight-Loss Intervention Trial.

BACKGROUND Hepatic lipase (HL) plays a pivotal role in the metabolism of HDL and LDL. Recent genome-wide association studies have identified common variants in the HL gene (LIPC) associated with HDL cholesterol. OBJECTIVE We tested the effect of a common variant in LIPC on changes in blood lipids in response to weight-loss diets in the Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies Trial. METHODS We genotyped LIPC rs2070895 in 743 overweight or obese adults aged 30-70 y (61% women) who were assigned to high-fat (40% energy) or low-fat (20% energy) diets for 2 y. We measured serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol at baseline and 2 y of intervention. RESULTS At 2 y of intervention, dietary fat modified effects of the variant on changes in serum TC, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol (P-interaction: 0.0008, 0.004, and 0.03, respectively). In the low-fat group, as compared to the G allele, the A allele tended to be related to the decrease in TC and LDL cholesterol concentrations [TC (β ± SE): -5.5 ± 3.0, P = 0.07; LDL cholesterol: -4.8 ± 2.5, P = 0.06] and a lower increase in HDL cholesterol concentrations (β ± SE: -1.37 ± 0.69, P = 0.048), whereas an opposite effect in the high-fat diet group was evident [TC (β ± SE): 7.3 ± 2.7, P = 0.008; LDL cholesterol: 4.1 ± 2.3, P = 0.07], and there was no genetic effect on changes in HDL cholesterol concentrations (P = 0.54). CONCLUSION Dietary fat intake modifies the effect of a common variant in LIPC on changes in serum lipids during a long-term weight-loss intervention in overweight or obese adults. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00072995.
Culture and Context of HIV Prevention in Rural Zimbabwe: The Influence of Gender Inequality

After many years of HIV prevention in Zimbabwe, AIDS morbidity and mortality rates continue to rise. This study explores factors facilitating or hindering rural Ndau women’s participation in HIV prevention that might influence health promotion programming. Ethnographic methods were used with a sample of 38 females and 10 males. Women’s existence is revealed as difficult and oppressive. Their socialization to become workers and mothers occurs within a context of limited voice, subservience, violence, and economic powerlessness, all barriers to HIV prevention. Through analysis of sociocultural and economic factors, it is suggested that cultural beliefs and practices, along with national and international forces, support and sustain gender inequality. For a change in the AIDS crisis, prevention strategies need to be multifaceted, consider people’s culture and context, and include gender analysis. It is imperative that nurses working with diverse populations be sensitive to culture while challenging unjust and oppressive systems.
Wear out effects in ESD characterization and testing

Wear out effects resulting from multiple stresses may have significant impact on ESD characterization and testing. This is shown in examples of (vf-)TLP, HMM and CDM results on test structures and products. Wear out effects lead to lower failure levels and should be minimized to obtain the correct pass/fail levels.
Motoric cognitive risk syndrome: Multicenter incidence study

Editors' Note: Dr. Kawada raises concerns about the statistics in “Long sleep duration in elders without dementia increases risk of dementia mortality (NEDICES). ” Authors Benito-Leon et al. address his concerns. Drs. Mahlknecht et al. describe their own study that concluded that hyposmia is associated with an increased risk of developing motoric cognitive risk syndrome, as reported by Verghese et al. in “Motoric cognitive risk syndrome: Multicenter incidence study. ” The authors respond that understanding such links between noncognitive function and dementia risk may be able to improve …
Directed Evolution of DNA Polymerases: Construction and Screening of DNA Polymerase Mutant Libraries

The protocols in this article describe the construction of a mutant DNA polymerase library using error‐prone PCR (epPCR) as a method for gene randomization, followed by screening of the library using two different approaches. The examples described use an N‐terminally truncated form of the thermostable DNA polymerase I of Thermus aquaticus (Taq DNA polymerase), namely Klentaq (KTQ), and protocols are included for the identification of variants with (1) increased DNA lesion‐bypass ability and (2) enhanced selectivity for DNA match/mismatch recognition. The screening assays are based on double‐stranded DNA detection (using SYBR Green I) which can be carried out using standard laboratory equipment. The described assays are designed for use in a 384‐well plate format to increase screening throughput and reduce material costs. For improved accuracy and ease of liquid handling, the use of an automated liquid handling device is recommended. Curr. Protoc. Chem Biol. 2:89‐109. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Experimental study of the pathogenesis of carcinoma

The problem of the etiology of tumors, and in particular of carcinoma, has been investigated for a great many years, but has not yet been solved. Many suggestions have been offered, among which Virchow's and Cohnheim's are especially prominent; both of these, however, were the result of clinical experience rather than of experimental study; hence, the adherents of these hypotheses have tried subsequently to establish them by means of experiments, the object of which has been artificially to produce carcinoma. But all attempts have proved negative, until Fibiger (1), of Copenhagen, finally succeeded in producing papilloma and carcinoma in the stomach and the esophagus of rats by infecting them with spiroptera; the origin of these new growths he referred to irritation of the mucous membrane of the stomach and the esophagus by the parasite. Thus the soundness of Virchow's irritation hypothesis has been demonstrated experimentally for the first time. To this problem we also have devoted ourselves for four years (12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20), pursuing experiments in accordance with Yamagiwa's view (2), which he has expressed as follows: The repetition or continuation of chronic irritation may cause a precancerous alteration in epithelium previously normal. If the irritant continue its action, carcinoma may be the outcome, even though no specific agent has been interpolated. For our experiments, we have employed mainly the ear of the domestic rabbit, an organ in which no spontaneous new growth has ever been reported. Among the methods of mechanical or chemical irritation chosen, the painting of coal-tar upon the inner surface of the ear has been the most efficacious in producing carcinoma.
A nested genetic optimization algorithm for the capacitated facility location problem

This paper examines an integrated model to determine strategic capacitated facility locations based on the view of distribution center management in the upstream supply chain. The model incorporates the sub-problems of service flag allocation and vehicle dispatching allocation. This paper proposes a heuristic nested genetic algorithm which minimizes the total cost while incorporating consideration of the vehicle drivers' working time limitations. Additionally, an experimental application is also applied to examine the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.
Microbiological composition of raw milk from selected farms in the Camembert region of Normandy

Raw milk from 27 farms was sampled over 6 months for listerias, salmonellas, Yersinia enterocolitica and campylobacters. Total bacterial counts and somatic cell counts were measured. Lactococci, lactobacilli, dextran‐producing leuconostocs, Brevibacterium linens, yeasts and moulds, Staphylococcus aureus and other Micrococcaceae, Pseudomonas, coliforms, Escherichia coli, enterococci, Clostridium perfringens and spores of anaerobic lactate‐fermenting bacteria were also counted. Pseudomonas (2000 cfu ml−1), lactococci (760 cfu ml−1) and Micrococcaceae (720 cfu ml−1) were the most numerous groups. Lactic acid bacteria were detected in all samples. Coliforms were present in most samples, but 84% of samples had counts <100 cfu ml−1. Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 62% of milks, the average count was 410 cfu ml−1. About 80% of supplies had ≤10 E. coli cfu ml−1 and all samples had 1 Cl. perfringens cfu ml−1. Two of the tested milks were positive for salmonellas (2·9%), four were positive for Listeria monocytogenes (5·8%), 25 for Yersinia enterocolitica (36%) and one for campylobacters (1·4%).
Localized domain-wall excitations in patterned magnetic dots probed by broadband ferromagnetic resonance

We investigate the magnetization dynamics in circular Permalloy dots with spatially separated magnetic vortices interconnected by domain walls (double vortex state). We identify a novel type of quasi one-dimensional (1D) localized spin wave modes confined along the domain walls, connecting each of two vortex cores with two edge half-antivortices. Variation of the mode eigenfrequencies with the dot sizes is in quantitative agreement with the developed model, which considers a dipolar origin of the localized 1D spin waves or so-called Winter’s magnons [J. M. Winter, Phys. Rev. 124, 452 (1961)]. These spin waves are analogous to the displacement waves of strings and could be excited in a wide class of patterned magnetic nanostructures possessing domain walls, namely in triangular, square, circular, or elliptic soft magnetic dots.
Cerebrovascular Accident Attack Classification Using Multilayer Feed Forward Artificial Neural Network with Back Propagation Error

Problem statement: Most important problems of medical diagnosis. When there is a cerebrovascular accident attach the chances of a successful treatment depends essentially on the early diagnosis. In practice the part of medical errors while diagnosing a stroke type comes to 20-45% even for experienced doctors and the scope of methods of neurovisualization at stroke diagnosis are limited. Approach: In this research study, attempt was made to model the application of Artificial Neural Networks to the classification of patient Cerebrovascular Accident Attack. The Network for the consisted of a three-layer feed forward artificial neural network with back-propagation error method. Results: Data were collected from 100 records of patients at Federal Medical Centre Owo, Nigeria and the Artificial Neural Networks classifier was trained using gradient decent backward propagation algorithm with flexible sigmoid activation function at one hidden layer, with 16 inputs nodes representing stroke onset symptoms at the input layer, 10 nodes at the hidden layer and one node at the output layer representing the type of the attack. Conclusion: The learning Rate γ was set between 0.1 and 0.9 while the epoch set at 150. Initial weight set at Rand (-0.5 and 0.5). The simulation results showed that the model was capable of producing a reasonable forecasting accuracy in short.
Data-Intensive Research & Scientific Discovery

Modern research is becoming data-intensive. Data-intensive refers to volume, velocity, heterogeneity, and complexity of data as well as the intricate interactions among combinations of research objectives, models, users, and information systems that deal with these data. Increasingly, scientific discovery will be powered by advanced computing capabilities that help researchers explore, manipulate, analyze, visualize, and synthesize big datasets.Computation is a fundamental element of modern research. Information Technology (IT) professionals use algorithms to design experiments, simulate real-world operations, analyze scientific problems, and suggest practical solutions. The speed at which any given scientific discipline advances will depend on how well its researchers collaborate with one another and with IT professionals in areas such as cloud computing, workflow management, databases, modeling, analytics, and others. As a result, computation changes the role of IT professionals from service providers to collaborators whose input is critical to the success of the research. Through their understanding of technology and best practices, IT professionals contribute substantive knowledge to the advancement of research methodology and modern science.This presentation discusses a new paradigm of scientific discovery based on data-intensive research and offers insights into how it can be realized through a few real-world research projects at the Agricultural Research Service.
MR-ultrasound imaging registration using 2D spatial phase images

This paper deals with multimodal magnetic resonance (MR) - ultrasound (US) image registration. One of the major difficulties in such a registration is the lack of correspondence between the gray levels of the pixels in the two modalities. To tackle it, several authors proposed the use of the mutual information as similarity measure in the registration process. Moreover, a few papers proposed recently the use of spatial phase images instead of native intensity images. Phase images have the advantage to contain structural information on the images, free of the energetic information. Although very interesting, to our knowledge only subjective results have been reported concerning the gain of accuracy using phase images. The goal of this paper is to propose a quantitative approach for evaluating the contribution of spatial phase images obtained with monogenic and 2D isotropic analytic signal in MR-US registration.
Dual-$k$ Spacer Device Architecture for the Improvement of Performance of Silicon n-Channel Tunnel FETs

A dual-k spacer concept is proposed and evaluated in underlap and nonunderlap n-channel silicon tunnel field-effect transistors (FETs) for the first time using extensive device simulations. The dual-k spacer consists of an inner layer made of a high-k material and an outer layer made of a low-k material. It is shown that the dual-k spacer improves the performance of n-channel tunneling FETs and more so for the underlap structures. Performance improvements are illustrated and explained for SiO2, Al2O3, and HfO2 gate dielectrics. The structure is optimized for the on-state current without degrading the off-state current or the subthreshold slope.