Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Primary Lymphoma of Bone: A B‐Cell Neoplasm with a High Frequency of Multilobated Cells

Primary lymphoma of bone is an uncommon neoplasm that can be difficult to diagnose and subclassify. Only in a few cases has the immunophenotype been determined with monoclonal antibodies. We evaluated the histological features and immunophenotype of 12 cases of primary lymphoma of bone. The patients ranged in age from 16 to 80 years (mean, 41 years) with a male:female ratio of 1:1. The sites involved included femur (three cases), humerus (two cases), tibia (three cases), pelvis (two cases), ulna (one case), and scapula (one case). All cases were diffuse large-cell lymphomas: nine large-cleaved (eight with multilobated cells), two large-cell not otherwise specified, and one immunoblastic. Sclerosis was noted in six cases. Immunohistochemical studies on frozen-tissue sections demonstrated staining with the following antibodies: 11 of 11 with CD45, 12 of 12 with CD20, eight of 12 with monotypic immunoglobulin (six IgG, two IgM, seven κ, one λ). Tumor cells were negative for T-cell markers in each case. Ten patients are alive and well 0.5–4.5 years (median, 1.5 years) following treatment with radiation or chemotherapy. Two patients had recurrence at another site 0.75 years and 4 years after the initial diagnosis, respectively. Primary bone lymphoma is a B-lineage large-cell lymphoma with an unusually high incidence of largecleaved and multilobated cells. The frequency of IgG heavy chain expression suggests a post-germinal center stage of differentiation. Frozen section immunohistologic studies are useful in the diagnosis of this tumor. Aggressive therapy has resulted in a favorable outcome in most cases.
[Precise positioning for reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament].

OBJECTIVE To supply the basement for precise positioning for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in the knee and recommend a precise measurement method during the operation. METHODS Bone tunnels along ACL attachments were made in 20 cadaveric knees. Steel wire was introduced through the tunnel and the length changes were measured during passive knee flexion. We developed an Isometer for getting continuous parameters. RESULTS Anterosuperior (AS) fibers were lengthened during knee flexion from 30 to 120 degrees, combined with the increase of anterior restraints. Length changes of the posterosuperior and central (C, PS) fibers were minimal. The length of the anteroinferior and posteroinferior (AI and PI) fibers were shortened with the decrease of the anterior restraints. CONCLUSIONS The central and posterosuperior (C, PS) parts of femoral attachment would be the ideal reconstruction point. In case of old injury of ACL with ambiquous landmark, the Isometer is suggested in identifying the reconstruction point.
Load balancing technique for congestion control multipath routing in mobile ad hoc networks

Reducing energy consumption and packet loss in-volves congestion control and load balancing in MANETs. Thus, this paper introduces an efficient routing technique called the multipath load balancing technique for congestion control (MLBCC) for MANETs to efficiently balance the load among multiple paths by reducing congestion. MLBCC introduces a congestion control mechanism and a load balancing mechanism during the data transmission process. The congestion control mechanism detects the congestion by using an arrival rate and an outgoing rate at a particular time interval T. The load balancing mechanism is the selection of a gateway node by using the link cost and the path cost to efficiently distribute the load by selecting the most desirable paths. For an efficient flow of distribution, a node availability degree standard deviation parameter is introduced. Simulation results, under the network simulator-2 (NS-2), show that MLBCC improves the performance of FLMB and AOMDV in terms of the control overhead, packet delivery ratio, average delay and packet drop ratio. In addition, the results show that MLBCC efficiently balances the load of the nodes in the network.
Biological Characterization of Lipopolysaccharide from Treponema pectinovorum

ABSTRACT This study investigated the endotoxic and biological properties of purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from an oral spirochete, Treponema pectinovorum. Endotoxicity, measured by Limulus amoebocyte lysate kinetic assay, showed that the LPS contained 1.28 endotoxin units per μg of purified LPS, which was approximately 4,000 times less than Escherichia coli O55:B5 LPS. To determine in vivo endotoxicity, LPS responder mice were administered LPS following galactosamine (GalN) sensitization. The LPS induced neither endotoxic symptoms nor lethality for 96 h, suggesting negligible or very low endotoxicity. In contrast, infection with live T. pectinovorum induced 100% lethality within 12 h in GalN-sensitized LPS responder mice, indicating an endotoxin-like property of this treponeme. Heat-killed microorganisms exhibited no lethality in GalN-sensitized mice, suggesting that the endotoxicity was associated with heat-labile components. To determine cytokine and chemokine induction by LPS, human gingival fibroblasts were stimulated and secretion of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, gamma interferon, IL-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) was assessed. The purified LPS induced significant amounts of only IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1, although they were substantially lower than levels after challenge with live T. pectinovorum. After injection of LPS or live or heat-killed T. pectinovorum, serum was collected from mice and analyzed for proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and IL-6. LPS induced only IL-6 consistently. Both live and heat-killed T. pectinovorum induced serum IL-6, which was higher than the level detected following LPS administration. Importantly, live bacteria elicited systemic TNF-α and IL-1β levels similar to those induced by a lethal dose of live E. coli O111. The results indicated that T. pectinovorum LPS has very low or no endotoxicity, although it can elicit low levels of cytokines from host cells. In contrast to the LPS, live T. pectinovorum demonstrated in vivo toxicity, which was associated with serum IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, suggesting an endotoxin-like property of a heat-labile molecule(s) of the spirochete.
An Interaction Tool for Immersive Environments Using Mobile Devices

Interaction in engineering virtual environments differs by the necessity of the high precision level needed for the execution of specifics tasks for this kind of environment. Generally this kind of task uses specific interaction devices with 4 or more DOF. Current applications involving 3D interaction use interaction devices for object modelling or for the implementation of navigation, selection and manipulation tecniques in a virtual environment. A related problem is the necessity of controlling tasks that are naturally non-immersive, such as symbolic input (e.g., text, photos). Another problem is the large learning curve to handle such non-conventional devices. The addition of sensors and the popularization of smartphones and tablets, allowed the use of such devices in virtual engineering environments. Thes devices, besides their popularity and sensors, differs by the possibility of including additional information and performing naturally non-immersive tasks. This work presents a 3D interaction tablet-based tool, which allows the aggregation of all major 3D interaction topics, such as navigation, selection, manipulation, system control and symbolic input.
Reduction precedes cytidylyl transfer without substrate channeling in distinct active sites of the bifunctional CDP-ribitol synthase from Haemophilus influenzae.

CDP-ribitol synthase is a bifunctional reductase and cytidylyltransferase that catalyzes the transformation of D-ribulose 5-phosphate, NADPH, and CTP to CDP-ribitol, a repeating unit present in the virulence-associated polysaccharide capsules of Haemophilus influenzae types a and b [Follens, A. , et al. (1999) J. Bacteriol. 181, 2001]. In the work described here, we investigated the order of the reactions catalyzed by CDP-ribitol synthase and conducted experiments to resolve the question of substrate channeling in this bifunctional enzyme. It was determined that the synthase first catalyzed the reduction of D-ribulose 5-phosphate followed by cytidylyl transfer to D-ribitol 5-phosphate. Steady state kinetic measurements revealed a 650-fold kinetic preference for cytidylyl transfer to D-ribitol 5-phosphate over D-ribulose 5-phosphate. Rapid mixing studies indicated quick reduction of D-ribulose 5-phosphate with a lag in the cytidylyl transfer reaction, consistent with a requirement for the accumulation of K(m) quantities of D-ribitol 5-phosphate. Signature motifs in the C-terminal and N-terminal sequences of the enzyme (short chain dehydrogenase/reductase and nucleotidyltransferase motifs, respectively) were targeted with site-directed mutagenesis to generate variants that were impaired for only one of the two activities (K386A and R18A impaired for reduction and cytidylyl transfer, respectively). Release and free diffusion of the metabolic intermediate D-ribitol 5-phosphate was indicated by the finding that equimolar mixtures of K386A and R18A variants were efficient for bifunctional catalysis. Taken together, these findings suggest that bifunctional turnover occurs in distinct active sites of CDP-ribitol synthase with reduction of D-ribulose 5-phosphate and release and free diffusion of the metabolic intermediate D-ribitol 5-phosphate followed by cytidylyl transfer.
Down‐regulation of bradykinin receptors and bradykinin‐induced Ca2+ mobilization, tyrosine phosphorylation, and DNA synthesis by autocrine factors, tumor necrosis factor α, and interferon β in Swiss 3T3 cells

Preincubation of quiescent Swiss 3T3 cells in fresh synthetic medium caused a reduction of the lag period prior to bradykinin‐stimulated DNA synthesis as well as a leftward shift in the dose‐response curve (half‐maximum effect at 2 nM and 8 nM for preincubated cells and control cells, respectively). These enhancing effects were selective for bradykinin since vasopressin‐stimulated DNA synthesis was not affected by preincubation in synthetic medium. Preincubation in synthetic medium also caused a marked enhancement (five‐ to sixfold increase) of bradykinin‐induced Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular stores. This enhancement was time‐dependent, peaked after 12 h of preincubation, and was prevented by inhibition of RNA or protein synthesis. Furthermore, preincubation in synthetic medium did not enhance the Ca2+ mobilization by bombesin, vasopressin, or PDGF. Additionally, bradykinin‐induced tyrosine phosphorylation was also enhanced by prior incubation in fresh medium. Scatchard analysis of [3H]bradykinin binding revealed a doubling of the number of bradykinin receptors without any significant change of affinity after preincubation, thus providing an explanation for the increased cellular responsiveness to bradykinin. This enhancement of responsiveness to bradykinin was caused by the removal of an inhibitory factor present in conditioned medium which is produced by the cells and accumulates gradually in the medium. Addition of tumor necrosis factor α or interferon β to synthetic medium substituted for conditioned medium in preventing the increase in responsiveness to bradykinin. These findings demonstrate a novel mechanism that regulates cellular sensitivity to bradykinin via an autocrine factor(s). © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Glance at Cancer

Non-melanoma skin cancers are the most commonly diagnosed forms of cancer in Canada (approximately 72,000 cases across the country in 2002). After this type of skin cancer, prostate, breast, colorectal, and lung cancers are the most frequently diagnosed and account for 56% (57% provincially) of total reported cancer cases in Waterloo Region within the past five years. They are also the leading causes of cancer mortality, contributing to 48% (49% provincially) of total cancer deaths.
Underwater Superoleophobic Surfaces Prepared from Polymer Zwitterion/Dopamine Composite Coatings

Hydration is central to mitigating surface fouling by oil and microorganisms. Immobilization of hydrophilic polymers on surfaces promotes retention of water and a reduction of direct interactions with potential foulants. While conventional surface modification techniques are surface‐specific, mussel‐inspired adhesives based on dopamine effectively coat many types of surfaces and thus hold potential as a universal solution to surface modification. Here, a facile, one‐step surface modification strategy is described that affords hydrophilic, and underwater superoleophobic, coatings by the simultaneous deposition of polydopamine (PDA) with poly(methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (polyMPC). The resultant composite coating features enhanced hydrophilicity (i.e., water contact angle of ≈10° in air) and antifouling performance relative to PDA coatings. PolyMPC affords control over coating thickness and surface roughness and results in a nearly tenfold reduction in Escherichia coli adhesion relative to unmodified glass. The substrate‐independent nature of PDA coatings further promotes facile surface modification without tedious surface pretreatment and offers a robust template for codepositing polyMPC to enhance biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, and fouling resistance.
Prevalence and determinants of ever smoked cigarettes among school-going adolescents in Lusaka, Zambia.

BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is the single most important preventable cause of non-infectious diseases. There is limited data on adolescent smoking and its determinants in developing countries. METHODS Further analysis was done on data collected in the Global Youth Tobacco Survey conducted among school-going adolescents in Lusaka, Zambia in 2002. Weighted logistic regression analyses were performed to determine associations between selected explanatory factors and ever smoked cigarettes. RESULTS A total of 2175 students participated in the study out of which 40.1% (95%CI 39.5-40.7%) had ever smoked cigarettes. The prevalence of ever smoked cigarettes was 43.4% (95%CI 42.6-44.2%) among boys, and 35.6% (95%CI 34.8-36.4%) among girls, (p<0.001). Among both boys and girls, history of having ever smoked cigarettes was associated with having a parent or closest friend who smoked. Among girls only, exposure to pro-tobacco advertisement and positive perception towards smoking were associated with ever smoked cigarettes. Adolescent girls who doubted that smoking was harmful to their health were more likely to have ever smoked. CONCLUSIONS Public health interventions aimed to prevent teenage adolescent smoking should incorporate a comprehensive understanding of the determinants of smoking.
Leukocyte's nucleus segmentation using active contour in YCbCr colour space

Blood cell segmentation is a crucial part of many medical and laboratory procedures such as cell counting and blood cell disorder diagnosis. Among different types of blood cells, white blood cells are the most important clinically, as they suffer greatest from blood disorders. In this paper we propose a method for automatic segmentation of white blood cells nucleus. A distinctive function is used in YCbCr color space to segment the white blood cells nucleus. Next, the sub-images are extracted which contain the whole body of white blood cell nucleus. Then an active contour method is applied to the sub-images extracted from the previous step to accurately segment the cell nucleus boundary. Our analysis conducted on 20 samples, show a great success on segmentation of white blood cells nucleus.
IT Service Management Revisited - Insights from Seven Years of Action Research

A reliable IT infrastructure and smoothly running IT applications are nowadays essential to every organization. Hence, the field of IT Operations Management (ITOM) has drawn much attention in practice. However, this field has hardly been subjected to academic research in the past. Therefore, organizations that are willing to professionalise their IT operations have to rely on industry standards rather than well-reasoned recommendations from academia. The predominant approach taken to ITOM in these standards is that of IT service management (ITSM). But the ideas and concepts associated with ITSM have hardly been evaluated by research so far. We have addressed this shortfall in five action research projects. This paper reports on three of these projects which had the objective in common to introduce ITSM to the organisation and that all build on four ITSM core concepts: the IT service, the IT service portfolio, the IT service catalogue, and IT service cost accounting and pricing. We found that these concepts were difficult to implement in the organisations we studied. While some of the difficulties might be due to organisational peculiarities, we found strong indications for problems being inherent to these concepts. These lead us to call for more academic attention to be paid to ITOM in general and the ITSM approach in particular. We also put forward desiderata for future research.
Identification of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1alpha-hydroxylase gene expression in macrophages.

BACKGROUND The 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1alpha-hydroxylase (1alpha-hydroxylase) is almost exclusively expressed in the kidney. However, 1alpha-hydroxylase activities have been observed in some extrarenal tissues, including inflammatory cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. In sarcoidosis, macrophage 1alpha-hydroxylase causes overproduction of 1,25-(OH)2D3, resulting in hypercalcemia. In this study, we investigated the regulation of macrophage 1alpha-hydroxylase at a molecular level. METHODS We used the human monocytic cell line THP-1, which can be differentiated into macrophage-like cells by treatment with phorbol ester. The expression of 1alpha-hydroxylase in THP-1 cells was examined by Northern blotting and immunoblotting using an antibody raised against a synthetic peptide corresponding to the 14 C-terminal amino acids of 1alpha-hydroxylase. We investigated the regulation of 1alpha-hydroxylase mRNA expression by RNase protection assay. RESULTS Northern blot and immunoblot analyses confirmed the expression of 1alpha-hydroxylase in THP-1 cells at the mRNA and protein levels. Although parathyroid hormone and calcitonin, known stimulators of renal 1alpha-hydroxylase, did not affect the expression of 1alpha-hydroxylase mRNA, 8-Br-cAMP (5 x 10-4 mol/L) increased the expression of 1alpha-hydroxylase mRNA in THP-1 cells (198 +/- 9%). 1,25-(OH)2D3, known as a suppressor of renal 1alpha-hydroxylase, did not affect the expression of 1alpha-hydroxylase mRNA. By contrast, 1,25-(OH)2D3 markedly increased the expression of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 24-hydroxylase mRNA. Interferon-gamma (2000 IU/mL) increased the expression of 1alpha-hydroxylase mRNA in differentiated THP-1 cells (922 +/- 25%). CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that 1alpha-hydroxylase activity in macrophages is mediated by the same enzyme as in kidney. Interferon-gamma treatment increases macrophage 1alpha-hydroxylase levels via directly increasing gene expression of this enzyme.
Hormone production and peptide regulation of the human fetal pituitary gland.

Introduction THE PREVALENT view of the ontogeny of neuroendocrine regulation of anterior pituitary secretion promulgated by Gluckman et al. (1), in an earlier review in this journal is that the development of this control is dependent upon maturation of the central nervous system. But by the time the central nervous system completes its synaptogenesis and other integrative systems of the developing human have reached a state of maturity competent to perform many of the tasks associated with homeostasis, the endocrine system will have been functional for some time. Thus, the endocrine system may be perceived not as mimicking that of the adult, but rather as one of the first, if not the first, homeostatic systems to develop, a system which is functional from intrauterine life through old age, but which may have unique functions during fetal life. As will be shown, the neuroendocrine axis appears early in fetal development, and the full repertoire of neurotransmitter, neuropeptide, and hormonal factors are a.
Function and speed portability of audio fingerprint extraction across computing platforms

Audio Fingerprinting (AFP) is a technology, which requests huge computing power for responsiveness, accuracy, and robustness to noise. In this study, we make efforts to improve the computing speed of fingerprint extraction in AFP system by parallelism language OpenCL. Especially, we also explore the function and speed portability across different platform. The experimental results show that the portability of function is trivial by syntax check and utilizes conservative syntax for different compilers, such as Microsoft Visual Studio and Linux GCC. On the other hand, the speed portability requests much works for optimization of different sub modules for the specified platform.
The expected performance of the ATLAS inner detector

The ATLAS experiment [1] is a general purpose detector designed to exploit the discovery potential of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, which will provide protonproton collisions at a center of mass energy of 14 TeV. The Inner Detector will see of the order of 1000 charged particle tracks for every bunch crossing at the design luminosity of the LHC. A summary of the expected performance for reconstructing single particles is presented, along with some measures of the vertex resolution of the vertexing capabilities. The studies focus on the performance expected for the initial running at the start-up of the LHC.
14786 - Integração lavoura pecuária e silvicultura em áreas de assentamentos rurais na Amazônia Oriental: uma via para a transição agroecológica

O artigo apresenta e analisa experiencias de agricultores familiares com a possivel integracao lavoura-pecuaria e silvicultura em uma regiao de fronteira agricola antiga na Amazonia Oriental. Em meio as situacoes investigadas procurou-se elaborar uma tipologia das atividades produtivas, que possibilitou identificar os principais fatores que influem para a adocao da diversificacao, bem como a existencia de diferentes formas de integracoes. Um contexto que indica opcoes de uso deste sistema com vias a transicao agroecologica, pois o fato dos sistemas possuirem muita diversificacao nos leva a crer que e um caminho para a sustentabilidade.
Atomic Hydrogen on Mars: Measurements at Solar Minimum

The Copernicus Orbiting Astronomical Observatory was used to obtain measurements of Mars Lyman-α (1215.671-angstrom) emission at the solar minimum, which has resulted in the first information on atomic hydrogen concentrations in the upper atmosphere of Mars at the solar minimum. The Copernicus measurements, coupled with the Viking in situ measurements of the temperature (170� � 30�K) of the upper atmosphere of Mars, indicate that the atomic hydrogen number density at the exobase of Mars (250 kilometers) is about 60 times greater than that deduced from Mariner 6 and 7 Lyman-α measurements obtained during a period of high solar activity. The Copernicus results are consistent with Hunten's hypothesis of the diffusion-limited escape of atomic hydrogen from Mars.