Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Two New Hydronaphthoquinones from Sinningia aggregata (Gesneriaceae) and Cytotoxic Activity of Aggregatin D

Two new hydronaphthoquinones, aggregatins E and F (1 and 2, resp.) were isolated from the tubers of Sinningia aggregata (Ker‐Gawl.) Wiehler (Gesneriaceae), along with twelve known compounds aggregatin D (3), tectoquinone (4), 1‐hydroxy‐2‐methylanthraquinone (5), icosyl ferulate (6), pustuline (7), 1,6‐dihydroxy‐2‐methylanthranquinone (8), 6‐hydroxy‐2‐methylanthraquinone (9), 7‐hydroxy‐2‐methylanthraquinone (10), tyrosol (11), halleridone (12), calceolarioside B (13), and cornoside (14). All compounds were identified by analysis of spectroscopic and spectrometric data. Compounds 3, 4, and 10 had already been reported in this species. Compounds 2 and 3 were evaluated against several tumor cell lines, but only 3 exhibited activities against UACC‐62, 786‐0 and OVCAR‐3 cell lines, with IC50 values of 12.3, 12.8 and 0.3 μg/ml, respectively, without toxic effects on non‐cancer cell line HaCat (human keratinocyte).
Immunomodulating options for liver transplant patients

Much has changed since the early years of liver transplantation. Improvements in post-transplant survival are largely due to more selective and less toxic immunosuppression regimens and advances in operative and perioperative care. This has allowed liver transplantation to become an extremely successful treatment option for patients with endstage liver disease. Beginning with cyclosporine, a cyclic endecapeptide of fungal origin and the first of the calcineurin inhibitors to find widespread use, immunosuppressive regimens have evolved to include additional calcineurin inhibitors, steroids, mTOR inhibitors, antimetabolites and antibodies, mostly targeting T-cell activation. This review will present currently available immunosuppressive agents used in the perioperative period of liver transplantation, as well as maintenance treatments, tailoring therapeutic strategies for specific populations, and advances in immune monitoring and tolerance.
Electrical Stimulation for Wound Healing: A Review of Evidence From In Vitro Studies, Animal Experiments, and Clinical Trials

This article reviews theories linked to endogenous bioelectric currents and the role they may play in wound repair with further appraisal of in vitro and in vivo research related to the effects of clinically applicable electrical currents on protein synthesis, cell migration, and antibacterial outcomes. In addition, studies on the effects of electrical stimulation (ES) on skin grafts, donor sites, and musculocutaneous flaps in animals are evaluated, as well as assessments of numerous clinical reports that examined the effects of ES on angiogenesis, perfusion, PtcO 2, and epithelialization. Finally, a plethora of clinical trials related to the responses of chronic lower extremity wounds to ES therapy are reviewed, with emphasis on wounds caused by venous insufficiency, diabetic neuropathy, and ischemia in patients with and without diabetes mellitus. A glossary that addresses ES terminology is also included.
The utility of esophageal pressure measurement in patients with acute respiratory failure

Corresponding author: Alexandru T. Steriade, E-mail: alex.steriade@gmail.com Măsurarea presiunii esofagiane (Pes) este o metodă minim invazivă care permite estimarea variației respiratorii a presiunii pleurale. Aceasta poate fi efectuată la patul pacientului și permite cuantificarea efortului muscular respirator și determinarea presiunii transpulmonare. Cu ajutorul acestei tehnici poate fi măsurată intensitatea activității musculare din cadrul respirației spontane și poate fi calculat efortul respirator (work of breathing – WOB). Metoda a fost inițial utilizată în scop de cercetare și a permis investigarea mecanicii pulmonare și a cutiei toracice la persoane sănătoase, dar și la pacienți cu patologie pulmonară acută. De asemenea, este utilizată și în investigația sindroamelor de apnee în somn. Tehnica de măsurare presupune introducerea unui cateter cu balon la nivelul esofagului pe cale orală sau nazală. Studii recente au demonstrat utilitatea măsurării Pes la pacienții cu insuficiență respiratorie acută severă care necesită ventilație mecanică invazivă. Prin identificarea asincroniei dintre ventilator și pacient și a posibilității evaluării efortului muscular respirator (WOB), măsurarea Pes poate îmbunătăți interacțiunea dintre ventilator și pacient și poate optimiza procesul de sevraj al pacientului de ventilator. De asemenea, această tehnică permite titrarea PEEP (positive end expiratory pressure), fapt ce permite evitarea efectelor nocive ale PEEP-ului intrinsec și optimizarea oxigenării la pacienții ventilați mecanic. Măsurarea Pes a fost studiată și la pacienții cu insuficiență respiratorie acută ventilați noninvaziv doar în scop de cercetare. Este probabil ca beneficiile măsurării Pes în ventilația noninvazivă să fie similare cu cele observate în ventilația mecanică invazivă, dar acest fapt necesită confirmare prin studii suplimentare. Cuvinte-cheie: presiune pleurală, mecanică pulmonară, ventilație mecanică, ventilație invazivă Abstract Rezumat
Comments on Lindberg’s Correction for the Effects of Observer Variation on Probabilistic Diagnosis

Lindberg [2] proposes an adjustment of a probabilistic system for diagnosis in the light of known observer variation in the eliciting of symptoms and signs. He finds that his proposal leads to somewhat diffident predictions. We show that such an adjustment is only appropriate when the system is implemented with observers who are less reliable than those who created the data-base. In this case, with certain assumptions, an adjustment may be made that is less radical than that of Lindberg. A simple numerical solution for binary symptoms is provided.
How tussocks structure sedge meadow vegetation

Carex stricta dominates sedge meadows in southern Wisconsin, USA. In contrast with invasive species that dominate as monotypes, C. stricta supports a diversity of co-occurring species by forming tussocks. Concerns about diversity loss and the potential to restore species-rich tussocks led us to ask how tussocks foster high species richness and affect composition. Our study of 181 tussocks at three sites showed that tussocks structure sedge meadow vegetation by adding both surface area and micro-habitats. Tussocks, which average 15–25 cm tall, increase surface area of an otherwise flat plot by 40%. Species richness was positively correlated with tussock size, but the patterns differed among sites. At a site where water was deep, tussock height was the best predictor of richness; at two other sites, surface area and circumference were the best predictors. Micro-habitats differed in conditions and species composition: tussock tops were high in light, variable in temperature, and high in litter cover. Tussock sides had less litter but more moss; off-tussock areas tended to be aquatic. Of the 56 taxa found, 34 showed significant affinities for one or more micro-habitats. Of these, four species occurred primarily on tops, several extended from tops to lower levels, seven aquatic taxa preferred areas off-tussocks, and one species specialized in tussock sides. Over the 2004 growing season, species richness increased in an additive process, from 35 species in May to 56 in September 2004. Cover of litter and moss increased and bare surface decreased with season, but only seven of the 34 taxa with micro-site preferences expanded their distributions as the September drawdown exposed the off-tussock micro-habitat. We conclude that tussocks enhance species richness in three ways, by increasing surface area, by providing multiple micro-habitats, and by undergoing seasonal changes in composition. Our detailed data on plant-diversity support by large tussocks form a benchmark for tussock meadow conservation, as well as a target for restoration of degraded meadows.
Primary prophylaxis in severe haemophilia should be started at an early age but can be individualized

The frequency of joint bleeds and orthopaedic joint scores were evaluated in 121 patients with severe haemophilia who had started prophylactic treatment with clotting factor concentrates at least once weekly before the age of 10. 75 of the patients started before the age of 3, 31 at the age of 3–5 and 15 at the age of 6–9. Each subgroup was evaluated separately. In addition, a regimen of one infusion weekly was compared with that of two (haemophilia B) or three (haemophilia A) infusions weekly in each patient.
Title The Generalist Approach to Frame Problems

The frame problem commonly appears in the field of artificial intelligence and in related philosophical literature. It pertains to the difficulty of making meaningful inferences in dynamic contexts. We discuss the frame problem and its manifestations in the practical design of artificial agents, and we set out some criteria against which the effectiveness of such an agent may be judged. Finally, we claim that technology currently exists in the form of a new clustering technique dimensional clustering which can enable an agent to satisfy these criteria. We justify this claim with three case studies where we apply dimensional clustering to data sets of varied nature.
Interplay of genes and early mother-child relationship in the development of self-regulation from toddler to preschool age.

BACKGROUND A broad capacity for deliberate self-regulation plays a key role in emotion regulation. This longitudinal investigation from infancy to preschool age examines genotype by environment (G x E) interaction in the development of self-regulation, using molecular measures of children's genotypes and observed measures of the quality of early mother-child relationship, as reflected in attachment organization in infancy. METHODS In 89 children, we assessed the polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR, ss/sl vs. ll allele status), security of attachment to mothers at 15 months in the Strange Situation, and children's ability for self-regulation at 25, 38, and 52 months, using behavioral batteries of tasks that called for deliberately suppressing a dominant response and performing instead a sub-dominant response. RESULTS There was a robust G x E interaction between genetic risk and the quality of early relationship. Among children who carried a short 5-HTTLPR allele (ss/sl ), those who were insecurely attached developed poor regulatory capacities, but those who were securely attached developed as good regulatory capacities as children who were homozygotic for the long allele (ll ). There was no effect of security for ll homozygotes. CONCLUSIONS Those findings, consistent with diathesis-stress model, bridge research on self-regulation in typically developing children with research on non-human primates and research on psychopathology. They also indicate that a secure attachment relationship can serve as a protective factor in the presence of risk conferred by a genotype.
Prediction of the State of the Cardiovascular System based on the Allocation of the Boundaries of the Implementation of the Dynamic System

Recently, research methods for rare experimental events have been intensively developed [1-9]. For a quantitative assessment of rare events, the time intervals between occurrences of successive events above (or below) some threshold Q are usually considered. In this case, both the probability density function of these repeated intervals and their long-term dependencies are investigated (autocorrelation function, conditional repetition periods, etc.). In the numerical analysis necessarily considers not very large thresholds Q, which provide good statistical estimates of repeated intervals, and then these results are extrapolated to very large thresholds, for which the statistics are very poor [1-5].
Treatment of topographic and bathymetric data acquired at the Truc- Vert Beach during the ECORS Field Experiment

†OASU-EPOC Université Bordeaux 1, Avenue des Facultés 33405 Talence cedex, FRANCE parisot@epoc.ubordeaux1. fr ‡LEGEM Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul-Alduy, 66860 Perpignan. FRANCE certain@univ-perp.fr SHOM 13 rue du Chatellier – BP 30316. 29603 Brest cedex. FRANCE. ardhuin@shom.fr §BRGM 3 avenue ClaudeGuillemin BP 36009 45060 Orléans Cedex 2. FRANCE r.pedreros@brgm.fr ψ LAB 2, rue de l'Observatoire BP 89 33271 Floirac Cedex. FRANCE brillet@obs.ubordeaux1. fr
Southern Ocean Response to Strengthening Winds in an Eddy-Permitting Global Climate Model

Abstract A global climate model with horizontal resolutions in the ocean ranging from relatively coarse to eddy permitting is used to investigate the resolution dependence of the Southern Ocean response to poleward intensifying winds through the past and present centuries. The higher-resolution simulations show poleward migration of distinct ocean fronts associated with a more highly localized near-surface temperature response than in the lower-resolution simulations. The higher-resolution simulations also show increasing southward eddy heat transport, less high-latitude cooling, and greater sea ice loss than the lower-resolution simulations. For all resolutions, from relatively coarse to eddy permitting, there is poleward migration of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the Atlantic and the western half of the Indian basin. Finally, zonal transports associated with the Antarctic Circumpolar Current are shown to be sensitive to resolution, and this is discussed in the context of recent observed change.
Changes in the testes following vasectomy in the rat

Six months and more after unilateral vasectomy in the rat, ipsilateral (same side) and bilateral testicular atrophy are common; this paper investigates their etiology. Ipsilateral atrophy is associated with the presence of a sperm granuloma in the head of the corresponding epididymis and appears to be pressure‐mediated. That sperm granulomas at the epididymal head fail to relieve intraluminal pressure in the epididymal duct of the rat was supported by a study of the effects of ligation of that region. No histological evidence was found to indicate that bilateral atrophy was the result of an immune response. A radiological study does not support the idea that compression or displacement of testicular blood vessels by sperm granulomas is responsible for bilateral atrophy. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dual-color nonlinear optical microscope imaging and its applications

A photonic crystal fiber (PCF) based dual-color nonlinear microscope that combines coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy and two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) microscopy was developed and applied to imaging of polystyrene beads, lily pollens, and live breast cancer cells using a femtosecond laser.
Comparison of lumbar plexus block versus conventional opioid analgesia after total knee replacement

A randomised controlled study was undertaken to assess the analgesic efficacy of continuous lumbar plexus block for the first 48 hours after total knee replacement surgery. Boluses of 0.5% bupivacaine with adrenaline 1 in 200 000 (0.3 ml/kg) were administered through a cannula inserted into the neurovascular sheath of the femoral nerve. Thirteen patients who received this block required significantly less morphine than a control group of 16 patients. Pain scores were similar and there were no complications related to this technique.
Pathogenesis, detection and treatment of Achilles tendon xanthomas

Tendon xanthomatosis often accompanies familial hypercholesterolaemia, but it can also occur in other pathologic states. Achilles tendons are the most common sites of tendon xanthomas. Low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) derived from the circulation accumulates into tendons. The next steps leading to the formation of Achilles tendon xanthomas (ATX) are the transformation of LDL into oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and the active uptake of oxLDL by macrophages within the tendons. Although physical examination may reveal Achilles tendon xanthomas (ATX), there are several imaging methods for their detection. It is worth mentioning that ultrasonography is the method of choice in everyday clinical practice. Although several treatments for Achilles tendon xanthomas (ATX) have been proposed (LDL apheresis, statins, etc.), they target mostly in the treatment of the basic metabolic disorder of lipid metabolism, which is the main cause of these lesions. In this review we describe the formation, detection, differential diagnosis and treatment of ATX as well as the relationship between tendon xanthomas and atheroma.
The two-echelon vehicle routing problem with electric vehicles

Two-echelon distribution systems provide many advantages for city logistics and help keeping large vehicles out of densely populated city centers. As reﬂected by numerous studies on the two-echelon vehicle routing problem and the two-echelon location routing problem, large trucks can be efﬁciently used to deliver goods to intermediate facilities, and smaller vehicles allow to service end customers. These smaller vehicle are designed for services within a limited range; and their size, pollution and noise emissions must be minimized as possible. In such a context, using electric vehicles for the second echelon is very relevant. Yet, these vehicles have a more limited delivery range due to their small battery capacity compared to conventional vehicles. Moreover, the inclusion of visits to charging stations, which have to be already planned during route generation leads to signiﬁcant methodological challenges. We thus introduce the electric two-echelon vehicle routing problem as a prototypical problem to study these challenges. To solve it, we propose an hybrid large neighbourhood search heuristic, based on a few efﬁcient destruction and reconstruction operators as well as a strong local-search procedure. During solution creation and improvement, a fast labeling algorithm is used to ﬁnd the optimal positions for charging stations visits. Our computational experiments on a variety of problem instances demonstrate the good performance of the methods.
Chapter 2 Ethics and Public Policy

Ethical reflections help us decide what are the best actions to pursue in difficult and controversial situations. Reflections on public policy consider how to alter patterns of individual activity and institutional policies or frameworks for the better. The rising prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity may pose serious health issues. As such, it is related to ethical and public policy questions including responsibility for health, food production and consumption, patterns of physical activity, the role of the state, and the rights and duties of parenthood. The problem of rising prevalence of obesity is mainly an issue in the Western world. Many developing countries going through rapid economic growth now face or might soon face similar problems. However, in this chapter we will offer only a Western perspective on the current problem of rising childhood and adolescent obesity, drawing many of our examples from the British context.
Cooperative Communication and Its Techniques

Nowadays in deployment and flexibility in radio resources configuration are the main features of future wireless communication system. A cooperative wireless communication system is proposed to follow the same principle aiming at improving the all over performance of wireless system. In this paper we will analyze the recent developments and trends in the area of wireless Ad hoc network. This article will also discuss various main cooperative signal methods.
Intelligent Motion Picture Making Software System

This paper describes an easy-to-use tool that provides an integrated environment for dealing with the complete process of creating digital film. To make the creating process automated, we propose to employ a verbal screenplay as input form. A software system EMM (Electronic Moviemaker) is developed to visualize user’s input screenplay words by sound motion picture with effects of real image, three-dimension animation, or their composition. A virtual director achieves user’s intentions by rule-based approach through setting a scene, determining the correspondent shot types and shot sequence, and planning virtual camerawork dependent on the cinematic expertise stored in a domain knowledge base, where real images are extracted from digital video by applying advanced content-based retrieval techniques, “video” stands for all kinds of clips of these visual presentations. The resultant movie is showed on TVML player and all visual information is encoded in XML.
Studies in the regulation of blood-sugar concentration in crustaceans. II. Experimental hyperglycemia and the regulatory mechanisms.

1. Asphyxia of normal Astacus and Callinectes results in marked increase in concentration of blood-sugar; such increase is mediated by sinus glands located in the eyestalks, for after removal of these glands hyperglycemia does not occur after asphyxia. Hyperglycemic response to asphyxia is part of a reflex mechanism; it does not occur following denervation of the sinus glands.2. Chloroform anesthesia in Astacus similarly evokes rises in glycemic level which fail to occur after sinus gland removal. Since anesthesia brings about cardiac arrest, the resultant anoxia may be the basic explanation of the anesthesiainduced hyperglycemia.3. Adrenaline, in doses from 1 to l00γ, causes hyperglycemia in normal Astacus, but injection into sinus-glandless crayfish shows either no rise in the concentration of blood-sugar, or a very slight one. Similar injections into Callinectes result in marked hyperglycemia in normal individuals, in animals with denervated sinus glands, in sinus-glandless and also in eyestalkless ind.
Risk Management-Variance Minimization or Lower Tail Outcome Elimination

This paper illustrates the profound difference between a risk management strategy of variance minimization and a risk management strategy of lower tail outcome elimination. Risk managers concerned about the variability of cash flows will tend to center their hedge decisions on their best guess on future cash flows (the budget), while risk managers concerned about costly lower tail outcomes will hedge (considerably) less depending on the level of uncertainty. A risk management strategy of lower tail outcome elimination is in line with theoretical recommendations in a corporate value-adding perspective. A cross-case study of blue-chip industrial companies partly supports the empirical use of a risk management strategy of lower tail outcome elimination but does not exclude other factors from (co-)driving the observations.
Personal Factors in Music Preference and Similarity : User Study on the Role of Personality Traits

To discuss how different people measure music similarity in multiple aspects differently in their perception of similarity and preference, we report a user study to explore the effect of personality traits in music preference and the perception of similarity. We build audio-based music auto-taggers to describe music content in the aspects: genre, acoustics, and emotion, and then construct a similarity-based music search system that retrieves clips similar to a query one in one of these three aspects. 21 participants are invited to do a few trials of music retrieval and rate preference and similarity perception. We then study the correlation among the personality traits, the preference and the similarity ratings. The effect of retrieval methods accounting for different music aspects is also discussed. With the subjective nature of similarity perception, the result of this work may shed some light on the creation of a user-centered system for similarity-based music search.