Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Histopatología del daño múltiple de órganos en un modelo experimental de ratón quemado

El sindrome de disfuncion multiple de organos es una “respuesta inflamatoria sistemica” que se produce por la accion de multiples mediadores que desencadenan la disfuncion progresiva de organos y sistemas. Se conoce como dano multiorganico a las alteraciones morfologicas de los fallecidos con este diagnostico. La enfermedad por quemaduras presenta todas las bases patogenicas para desarrollar ambos procesos (clinico y morfologico), por lo que se decidio caracterizar la histopatologia de un modelo experimental de raton quemado. Se emplearon ratones hembras, de la linea balc/c, de 20 ± 2 g, depilados y anestesiados siguiendo las normas eticas establecidas para el trabajo con animales de experimentacion. La quemadura seca paravertebral se obtuvo con un soldador automatico adaptado con 100 °C de temperatura y durante 20". Se comparo la vitalidad y morfologia entre el grupo testigo (n = 5) y el quemado (n = 24) al cual se aplico eutanasia a (n = 6) las 24 h, 72 h, 7 dias y 14 dias. Se empleo la prueba t para comparar porcentajes y la G para el analisis de la dependencia entre variables. Se observo que en los animales quemados existio una dependencia (G = 64,04 ** (p < 0,01) entre las lesiones con grados entre leves a moderados (se excluyeron los fallecidos de forma espontanea) y el dano multiorganico fue moderado en todos los ratones quemados. Estos datos confirman que el dano multiorganico es una alteracion casi obligada de la enfermedad por quemadura, que puede llevar a la muerte por el fracaso funcional de los organos (sindrome de disfuncion multiple de organos), lo cual justifica los esfuerzos en busca de prevenir o atenuar la respuesta inflamatoria sistemica que le sirve de sosten.
Localized 2D J‐resolved H MR spectroscopy of human brain tumors in vivo

Application of two‐dimensional (2D) J‐resolved MR spectroscopy, fully localized in three dimensions to monitor the metabolites in human brain tumors in vivo on a whole body MR scanner is presented. A modified PRESS sequence with [90° – 180° – t1/2 – 180° – t1/2‐acquisition] was used for voxel localization (2D J point‐resolved spectroscopy [PRESS]); chemical shift selective (CHESS) sequence was used for suppression of water. The incremental delay (t1/2) added to the intervals before and after the last slice‐selective 180° RF pulse allowed the monitoring of the J‐evolution in a localized 2D NMR spectrum. The addition of the second frequency dimension in 2D J‐resolved spectroscopy to encode the indirect spin‐spin coupling allowed the visualization of lactate peaks not observed in the 1D MR spectrum because of severe overlap with lipid peaks. 2D spectra of a two‐layer phantom with 100 mM alanine and corn oil and also from three patients with tumors are presented here. The 2D spectra show that the J‐coupled lactate peaks could be separated even when the lipids peaks severely overlap.
Applying FDTD to the Coverage Prediction of WiMAX Femtocells

Femtocells, or home base stations, are a potential future solution for operators to increase indoor coverage and reduce network cost. In a real WiMAX femtocell deployment in residential areas covered by WiMAX macrocells, interference is very likely to occur both in the streets and certain indoor regions. Propagation models that take into account both the outdoor and indoor channel characteristics are thus necessary for the purpose of WiMAX network planning in the presence of femtocells. In this paper, the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is adapted for the computation of radiowave propagation predictions at WiMAX frequencies. This model is particularly suitable for the study of hybrid indoor/outdoor scenarios and thus well adapted for the case of WiMAX femtocells in residential environments. Two optimization methods are proposed for the reduction of the FDTD simulation time: the reduction of the simulation frequency for problem simplification and a parallel graphics processing units (GPUs) implementation. The calibration of the model is then thoroughly described. First, the calibration of the absorbing boundary condition, necessary for proper coverage predictions, is presented. Then a calibration of the material parameters that minimizes the error function between simulation and real measurements is proposed. Finally, some mobile WiMAX system-level simulations that make use of the presented propagation model are presented to illustrate the applicability of the model for the study of femto- to macrointerference.
Preparation of peptides from yeast cells for iTRAQ analysis.

A commercial reagent, known as the isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ), makes it possible to analyze multiple samples simultaneously. The ability of iTRAQ to compare relative protein abundances across as many as eight samples is a significant advantage over other stable isotope strategies, such as stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) and isotope-coded affinity tag (ICAT). The iTRAQ protocol set compares the proteome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under two different metabolic states (fermentation versus respiration) with the goal of determining the proteins involved in each of the activated pathways by measuring their relative abundances using iTRAQ. This protocol describes the preparation of yeast peptides in different metabolic states for iTRAQ analysis.
Mucinous Balls Tangled With Mesothelial Cells and MUC2‐Positive Cancer Cells in the Ascites of Pseudomyxoma Peritonei

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is characterized by extensive mucinous ascites following rupture of mucinous neoplasms of an intra‐abdominal origin, and contain secreted gel‐forming mucins such as MUC2 and MUC5AC. We encountered a 66‐year‐old Japanese man complaining of abdominal distension. Ascites at the site was gelatinous upon gross examination, and needle aspirate smears showed histiocytes and many mucinous balls wrapped in spindle cells, which were positive for vimentin, pan‐cytokeratin, and podoplanin. The cell block showed several adenocarcinoma clusters, which were positive for MUC2, MUC5AC, CK20, and CDX‐2, and negative for CK7. From these findings, a diagnosis of PMP arising from colon cancer was indicated. Cytoreductive surgery was performed, and the cystic diverticulum was found to be infiltrated by tumor cells in the sigmoid colon that caused PMP. Mucinous balls surrounded by mesothelial cells and MUC2‐positive adenocarcinoma cells are useful clues in the diagnosis of PMP. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:628–631. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) challenged with Escherichia coli O157 can carry and transmit the human pathogen to cattle

Aims: European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) are an invasive species in the United States and are considered a nuisance pest to agriculture. The goal of this study was to determine the potential for these birds to be reservoirs and/or vectors for the human pathogen Escherichia coli O157:H7.
Impact of Henda's Law on the Utilization of Screening Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Female breast tissue is composed of variable proportions of fat and fibroglandular tissue, and in general, an increased ratio of fibroglandular tissue to fat corresponds to increased mammographic density. Studies suggest that mammographic density is an independent risk factor for breast cancer, and the sensitivity of mammography can be lower with heterogeneously dense or extremely dense breasts. Nineteen states have legal statutes requiring that patients be notified if they have dense breasts, including the state of Texas. Henda's law, mandated on January 1, 2012 in Texas, suggests that patients with dense breasts could benefit from additional screening tests such as breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Our study examined the impact of Henda's law by comparing the number of screening breast MRIs performed for dense breasts before and after the law's implementation. Results showed a 23-fold increase in the number of dense breast MRIs in the 2 years that this new legislation was in effect. This increase could have substantial implications for the health care economy, and further studies are needed to determine the cost-effectiveness of this additional screening tool.
Glycosylated Hemoglobin, Cardiovascular, and Renal Outcomes in a Pharmacist-Managed Clinic

BACKGROUND Pharmacists' responsibilities in caring for patients with diabetes mellitus are expanding. However, few data are available to support pharmacists optimizing therapy and improving outcomes in these patients. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of a clinical pharmacist—directed diabetes management clinic on glycemic control and cardiovascular and renal parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS A nonrandomized, prospective study was conducted in 70 Veterans Affairs patients. Patients met with the pharmacist every 6–8 weeks for approximately 30 minutes for education, medication counseling, monitoring, and management. The primary endpoint was the impact of 9–12 months of participation in the clinic on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C). Secondarily, we evaluated body weight, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and level of microalbuminuria. All comparisons were made using a paired t-test at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS HbA1C significantly decreased from 10.3% ± 2.2% at baseline to 6.9% ± 1.1% (mean ± SD) during the 9- to 12-month evaluation period (p < 0.001). The secondary endpoints including systolic (p < 0.001) and diastolic (p < 0.001) blood pressure, total cholesterol (p < 0.001), LDL-C (p < 0.001), triglycerides (p = 0.006), and level of microalbuminuria (p < 0.001) also were reduced at 9–12 months. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that a clinical pharmacist can effectively care for patients with diabetes referred by their primary care provider because of poor glycemic control.
Background fluctuation of kidney function versus contrast-induced nephrotoxicity.

OBJECTIVE The reported incidence of contrast-induced acute kidney injury varies widely. Almost no studies have been conducted to quantify the background fluctuation of kidney function of patients receiving iodinated contrast medium. The purpose of this study was a retrospective comparison of the incidence of acute kidney injury among patients undergoing CT with low-osmolar (iohexol) or isoosmolar (iodixanol) contrast medium with the incidence among patients undergoing CT without contrast administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Creatinine concentration and estimated glomerular filtration rate were evaluated for 11,588 patients. Rates of acute kidney injury (defined as a 0.5 mg/dL increase in serum creatinine concentration or a 25% or greater decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate within 3 days after CT) were compared among groups and stratified according to creatinine concentration and estimated glomerular filtration rate before the imaging examination. RESULTS In all groups, the incidence of acute kidney injury increased with increasing baseline creatinine concentration. No significant difference in incidence of presumed contrast-induced kidney injury was identified between the isoosmolar contrast medium and the control groups. The incidence of acute kidney injury in the low-osmolar contrast medium cohort paralleled that of the control cohort up to a creatinine level of 1.8 mg/dL, but increases above this level were associated with a higher incidence of acute kidney injury. CONCLUSION We identified a high incidence of acute kidney injury among control subjects undergoing unenhanced CT. The incidence of creatinine elevation in this group was statistically similar to that in the isoosmolar contrast medium group for all baseline creatinine values and all stages of chronic kidney disease. These findings suggest that the additional risk of acute kidney injury accompanying administration of contrast medium (contrast-induced nephrotoxicity) may be overstated and that much of the creatinine elevation in these patients is attributable to background fluctuation, underlying disease, or treatment.
Liquid substitution: A versatile procedure for SEM specimen preparation of biological materials without drying or coating

Certain liquids with a very low vapour pressure, such as glycerol or triethylene glycol, can be used to infiltrate biological specimens so that they may be observed in the scanning electron microscope (SEM) without drying. The conductive properties of the fluids allow specimens to be examined either uncoated or with very thin coatings. The advantages of liquid substitution include the retention of lipids, waxes, loose particles, and surface contaminants. Since the procedure does not require expensive equipment, it offers an alternative to critical point drying or cryo‐preparation. For certain types of specimens, liquid substitution may represent the best preparation procedure. In addition, the fluids themselves may be imaged directly in the SEM, or indirectly by cathodoluminescence following labelling with fluorochromes.
Propuesta para el dictado de la materia Logica para Ciencias de la Computacion bajo la modalidad B-Learning *

El uso de las TIC en el proceso de ensenanza-aprendizaje enfrenta a la educacion a un nuevo paradigma que repercute, no solo en el plano metodologico, sino tambien en el didactico. Por esta razon, los docentes programaron el dictado de Logica para Ciencias de la Computacion introduciendo nuevos elementos, que utilizan el potencial de la comunicacion y que alientan a los actores principales, no solo a adquirir conocimiento sino tambien a desarrollar habilidades del pensamiento. En este trabajo se presenta una propuesta de dictado de la asignatura antes mencionada bajo la modalidad de educacion b-learning. Se detallan las metas a cumplir, metodoloǵia de trabajo, recursos y las actividades que se desarrollaran para alcanzar los objetivos planteados. Para esta propuesta se empleara la herramienta PEDCO, como soporte de contenido, comunicacion y colaboracion, con la cual docentes y alumnos podran mejorar su propia formacion permanente y a la vez repercutir en la calidad de la ensenanza.
“ Definability , ” “ Conventionality , ” and Simultaneity in Einstein – Minkowski Space-Time

In this article, I attempt to clarify certain misunderstandings that have contributed to continuing controversy over the status of the concept of relative simultaneity in the special theory of relativity. I also correct a number of technical errors in the literature of the subject, and present several new technical results that may further serve to clarify matters. Controversy over the status of the concept of relative simultaneity in the special theory of relativity has proved remarkably durable. Very recently (within two days of first writing these words), as a result of ruminations on a recent paper of Adolf Grünbaum’s, I have come to believe that an important contributing factor to the persistence of the dispute is the use of certain key words (or phrases) in quite different senses by some of the disputants. One central aim of this paper, therefore, is to (try to) clarify these misunderstandings, and thereby both to reduce the number of the points of disagreement, and for the remaining points—for one can hardly expect all disagreement to be thus dispelled—at least to help clarify what the disagreements really are. A second aim is to correct some technical errors in the literature of the subject, and to state and prove some new technical results that may help contribute to clarity in the matter. 1 David Malament’s Contribution: (a) Remarks on Some Technical Objections; (b) Refinements of the Theorem In a recent “revisiting” of David Malament’s well-known discussion of this subject [1], Mark Hogarth [2, p. 492] writes as follows, quoting a remark of mine from [3]: Just how decisive is Malament’s result for the issue of conventionality of simultaneity? Howard Stein echoes a common sentiment: H. Stein Professor of Philosophy Emeritus, The University of Chicago W.C. Myrvold and J. Christian (eds.), Quantum Reality, Relativistic Causality, and Closing 403 the Epistemic Circle, The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science 73, c © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009
Understanding stimulus poverty arguments

Abstract The argument from the poverty of the stimulus as Pullum and Scholz define it (their APS) is undeniably true, given that all language learners acquire the ability to generate more sentences of the target language than they have heard. Uniformity across learners with respect to the additional sentences they project suggests that grammar induction is guided by general principles, which must be innate. What remains to be established is exactly which sentences can be projected on the basis of which others. The details of this are important to linguistic theory and to the psycho-computational modelling of natural language acquisition. They are not of great significance to the generic issue of nativism versus empiricism, except that they may clarify the extent to which the innate knowledge in question is specific to language. The argument for linguistic nativism appears to be solidly supported by the distinctive patterns of generalization that learners adopt in the absence of systematic negative evidence (a limitation that Pullum and Scholz exclude from APS). We argue that innate knowledge of how to represent natural language facts is necessary in order for learners to extract from their input the information that it does contain. Pullum and Scholz themselves rely on Universal Grammar in just this role when they make specific suggestions as to how learners arrive at the right generalizations.
Polymorphisms in XRCC1 and glutathione S-transferase genes and hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma.

Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) causes DNA damage. An arginine (Arg)-to-glutamine (Gln) polymorphism at codon 399 in the XRCC1 gene is putatively associated with DNA damage. In a case-control study of 577 HBV surface antigen carriers with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 389 HBV carrier control subjects, we investigated the association between this polymorphism and the risk of HCC and assessed whether this association varied with glutathione S-transferase (GST) status; GSTs are involved in carcinogen metabolism. All statistical tests were two-sided. The XRCC1 Gln allele was associated with a dose-dependent increased risk of early-onset HCC (<50 years) but not with the risk of late-onset HCC (P(trend) =. 01). The GSTT1-null genotype alone did not affect risk, but the GSTM1-null genotype was associated with a decreased risk for early-onset HCC. Various combinations of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes differentially modified the association of XRCC1 with HCC (P(interaction) =. 005); e.g., for individuals with the GSTT1-null/GSTM1-present genotype, the risk of HCC was greater for those with the Gln/Gln genotype (odds ratio = 8.07, 95% confidence interval = 1.67 to 38.93) than for those with the Arg/Arg genotype. Thus, GST status appears to affect the risk of HCC associated with this XRCC1 polymorphism.
Perceived warmth and competence of others shape voluntary deceptive behaviour in a morally relevant setting

The temptation to deceive others compares to a moral dilemma: it involves a conflict between the temptation to obtain some benefit and the desire to conform to personal and social moral norms or avoid aversive social consequences. Thus, people might feel different levels of emotional and moral conflict depending on the target of the deception. Here we explored, in a morally relevant setting, how social judgements based on two fundamental dimensions of human social cognition - 'warmth' and 'competence' - impact on the decision to deceive others. Results revealed independent effects for warmth and competence. Specifically, while people are less inclined to deceive for self-gain those individuals they perceive as warm, they also tend to lie more to highly competent others. Furthermore, the perceived warmth and competence modulated the general tendency to reduce deceptive behaviour when there was a risk of disclosure compared to when the lying was anonymous, highlighting the importance of these judgements in social evaluation processes. Together, our results demonstrate that the emotional costs and personal moral standards that inhibit engagement in deceptive behaviour are not stable but rather malleable according to the target and the consequences of the deception.
Updated guidelines for the diagnosis, surveillance, and therapy of Barrett's esophagus

Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of Barrett’s esophagus were published by the American College of Gastroenterology in 1998 (1). These and other guidelines undergo periodic review. Significant advances have been made in the area of Barrett’s esophagus over the past several years, leading us to review and revise our previous guidelines statements. These advances have included more information on the natural history of high-grade dysplasia and the chronic use of proton pump inhibitors. These and the original guidelines are intended to apply to all physicians who address Barrett’s and are intended to indicate the preferable, but not only acceptable, approach. Physicians must always choose the course best suited to the individual patient and the variables that exist at the moment of the decision. These guidelines are intended to apply to adult patients with the diagnosis of Barrett’s esophagus defined in the guidelines. Both these and the original guidelines were developed under the auspices of the American College of Gastroenterology and its Practice Parameters Committee and approved by the Board of Trustees. The world literature was reviewed extensively for the original guidelines and was once again reviewed using the National Library of Medicine database. All appropriate studies were reviewed, and any additional studies found in the reference list of these papers were obtained and reviewed. Evidence was evaluated along a hierarchy, with randomized controlled trials given the greatest weight. Abstracts presented at national and international meetings were only used when unique data from ongoing trials were presented. When scientific data were lacking, recommendations were based on expert consensus. During preparation, the guidelines were reviewed by the American Gastroenterological Association and the American Society for GI Endoscopy. Recommendations and comments obtained from these reviews were incorporated into the final document whenever possible.
Chemotherapy-induced female infertility and protective action of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues

Summary This review aimed to critically discuss the current protocols using gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) for the management of chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian failure. In in-vitro experiments, GnRHa retards doxorubicin-induced granulosa cell damage, suggesting an additional GnRH's activity to protect the gonads during chemotherapy through GnRH receptor-mediated mechanism(s). GnRHa acts to protect the gonads during radiation and/or chemotherapy by preferentially steering cells into cell cycle arrest with a decline in response to the chemotherapeutic agents. The ovarian protection by GnRHa co-treatment against chemotherapy can enable the preservation of future fertility in survivors and prevent the bone demineralisation and osteoporosis associated with hypooestrogenism and ovarian failure.