Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Home-Based, Music-Cued Movement Program Is Feasible and May Improve Gait in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

Objectives: To understand the benefits and feasibility of using supervised, home-based, music-cued training to improve gait speed and stability in community-dwelling people with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. Design: Feasibility trial incorporating a single group repeated-measures design. Setting: Human movement laboratory and participants' homes. Interventions:Two training sessions per week, conducted by experienced physiotherapists over 4 weeks. Each home training session consisted of a range of activities in standing or walking, with, and without auditory cues. Rhythmic auditory cues were played via a portable digital music player and consisted of metronome beats and individually chosen, commercially available rhythmic music tracks. Main Outcome Measures: Spatiotemporal gait measures were recorded using an 8 m long GAITRite® mat. Participants walked without cues at self-selected comfortable pace. The Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scales were administered at baseline. Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-III, Geriatric Depression Scale, Assessment of Personal Music Preference Scale, and Physiological Profile Assessment were administered at baseline and retest. Results: At baseline, two of the five community-dwelling participants with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy walked with normal speed and low gait variability. Of the remainder who walked with slower, more variable patterns, two walked faster at retest, one by a clinically meaningful amount. Four participants reduced their timing variability at retest and three reduced step length variability. All participants reported high satisfaction levels with the program. Conclusions: When delivered at home with the support of caregivers, music-cued gait training can provide a feasible approach to improving disorders of gait stability in people with this rare, degenerative condition. Movement to music is engaging and enjoyable which can facilitate adherence to therapy. Clinical Trial Registration : ANZCTR 12616000851460. http://www.anzctr. org.au/
Concurrent onset of acute lupus myocarditis, pulmonary arterial hypertension and digital gangrene in a lupus patient: a possible role of vasculitis to the rare disorders

Abstract Acute lupus myocarditis and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are rare complications associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). No previous reports have shown the coexistence of these disorders. Here we present a 41-year-old patient with SLE who concurrently developed severe acute lupus myocarditis and PAH with digital gangrene as an initial manifestation. Acute lupus myocarditis and PAH were successfully treated with prednisolone and intravenous cyclophosphamide pulse therapy (600–700 mg × 6) along with anticoagulant therapy. Catheter-directed thrombolysis was required for digital gangrene caused by vasculitis. Concurrent development of these rare disorders may represent a common mechanism such vasculitis as an underlining cause of SLE.
Prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms among children with specific learning disorder attending a tertiary care centre

ABSTRACT Background: Children with Specific learning disorders are highly likely to manifest concurrent social, emotional and mental health problems. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of depressive symptoms among children with Specific learning disorders. Methods: The study was conducted in the Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (IMHANS), Kozhikode. The cross-sectional study design was used for the study. The sample consisted of 100 children with Specific learning disorders between the age group of 8 -15 years and was selected by purposive sampling. We used a semi-structured interview schedule for collecting socio personal variables and clinical variables. The short version of standardised Mood and feelings questionnaire both child self-report and parent report on child to assess depressive symptoms. Prevalence of depressive symptoms was expressed in percentages and association of this with other variables was analysed using the chi-square test. Results: 23% of children with Specific learning disorders had depressive symptoms as per the child self-report and as per parent report 14 % of children with Specific learning disorders had depressive symptoms. About 9% of the parents were not recognising their children’s depressive symptoms; there is a significant association between impairment in writing an expression and depressive symptoms (chi-square value =18, P value< 0.001) Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of depressive symptoms in various subtypes of Specific learning disorders. Depressive symptoms are often undetected and there is a need for early identification. Keywords: Depressive symptoms; Specific learning disorders, prevalence
Preparation of acellular sciatic nerve scaffold and it’s mechanical and histological properties for use in peripheral nerve regeneration

Background: Tissue engineering is a developing multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary field involving the use of bioartificial implants for tissue remodeling with the target for repair and enhancing tissue or organ function. Acellular nerve has been used in experimental models as a peripheral nerve substitute. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the mechanical and histological characteristics of acellular nerve scaffolds compared to the fresh nerve for application in environmental nerve repair. Methods: This experimental study was conducted in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Regeneration Research Laboratory, Mashhad, Iran, from May 2017 to October 2018. In this study for preparing the scaffold. The rats were sacrificed by intraperitoneal anesthesia with 10 % Chloral Hydrate solution. Then sciatic nerve fragments of the rats were removed above the nerve branching site and after cleansing of the tissues were decellularized by Sondell method, briefly nerves were treated with a series of detergent baths consisting of distilled water for 8 h, Triton X-100 for 12 h, and sodium deoxycholate for 24 hours according to the Sondell protocol. All acellularization steps were performed at room temperature. Then decellularized scaffolds were evaluated histologically and mechanically. Results: The results of tissue evaluations showed that decellularization of scaffolds were done completely, this was demonstrated by hematoxylin and eosin staining and DAPI staining. Also the specialized tissue evaluations by picro-fuchsin staining and evaluation the scaffolds by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs showed that the collagen and elastin strands are relatively preserved in the extracellular matrix in comparison with control groups. As well as mechanical examination of scaffolds in tensile test showed that extracellular matrix of scaffolds was relatively preserved the main components of tissue compared to control group and scaffolds have good mechanical resistance quality for use in tissue engineering. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that decellularized scaffolds that prepared with Sondell decellularization method by preserving the main components of the tissue can be a good platform for investigating cellular behaviors. Abstract . a . i r T
The Difference in Maternal Serum Hypoxia-Inducible Factors-1α Levels between Early Onset and Late-Onset Preeclampsia

BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia can be divided into early (EOPE) and late (LOPE) onset preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is related to the failure of placentation. Accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF)-1α is commonly an acute and beneficial respond to hypoxia, while chronically elevated is associated with preeclampsia. AIM: This study aims to evaluate the serum levels of HIF-1α in preeclampsia and normal pregnancy, and to compare the difference between early-onset and late-onset preeclampsia. METHODS: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted among a total of 69 pregnant women at ≥ 20 weeks of gestation, were recruited at obstetrics and gynaecology department at Dr M. Djamil Padang Hospital, network hospitals, health centres. They were divided into three groups early-onset preeclampsia, late-onset preeclampsia, and normal pregnancy. Preeclampsia was diagnosed using International Guidelines. Data were analysed by SPSS 24 program; data are presented as median and range or as mean ± standard deviation. One-way ANOVA test was used to determine the relationship between HIF-1α levels with the onset of preeclampsia. RESULTS: The results showed that the mean maternal serum HIF-1α levels in early-onset preeclampsia (EOPE), late-onset preeclampsia (LOPE), and normal pregnancy were 1366.96 ± 733.40 pg/ml, 916.87 ± 466.06 pg/ml, and 716.77 ± 541.08 pg/ml. Serum HIF-1α levels were higher in early-onset preeclampsia (EOPE), and late-onset preeclampsia (LOPE) compared to normal pregnancy. Among preeclampsia patients, serum HIF-1α was higher in EOPE than LOPE women. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in mean maternal serum HIF-1α between early-onset preeclampsia, late-onset preeclampsia, and normal pregnancy (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study concluded that there is a significantly different level of HIF-1α between in early-onset preeclampsia, late-onset preeclampsia and normal pregnancy. Early-onset preeclampsia is the highest levels of serum HIF-1α.
PREVALENCE OF INTESTINAL PARASITIC INFECTION AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN SIRT-LIBYA

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection in primary school children in eight primary schools in Sirt city, Libya. One thousand, five hundred and forty eight feacal samples (905 males and 643 females) were examined using direct smear method and formol-ether concentration technique to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites. Out of the number examined, 583 (37.7 %), comprising 353 (39%) males and 230 (35.8%) females were infected. Seven intestinal protozoan parasites were found. No helminth intestinal parasites were detected. The most common protozoan parasite was B. hominis with the highest prevalence at 17.9 %, followed by E. histolytica / E. dispar (14.8%), G. lamblia (9.9%), I. belli (4.8 %), I. butschlii (0.97%), E. coli (2.9 %) and E. nana (2.2 %). Sex-wise prevalence showed 19.1% and 16.2 % in males and females respectively. Overall prevalence of E. histolytica / E.dispar was 9.2 % and 5.6 % in females, while sex-wise showed 15.7 % and 13.5 % in males and females respectively . G. lamblia was detected in 6.3 % of males and 3.6 % of females , sex-wise was 10.8 % for males and 8.7 % for females. Significant relationship was exist between overall prevalence and sexes for B. hominis, E. histolytica / E. dispar , and G. lamblia (P = 0.000). Age had no effect on the prevalence of intestinal parasite (P = 0.236). Single infection was detected in 69.81 % and 30.19 % mixed infection of positive cases. There was a significant difference between single and mixed infection (P= 0.000). The parasitic infection appeared to vary with the educational status of children parents. Also, associated with family size of children. The children who have body weight (15 – 25 kg) showed high prevalence (17.6 %), followed by body weight (26 35 kg) (13.8 %). However, low prevalence (1.5 %) at body weight> 296 HAMED KASSEM et al. 46 kg. The results revealed that the prevalence decrease with family salary income increase.
Ultrasound-Guided Adductor Canal Block versus Combined Adductor Canal and Infiltration between the Popliteal Artery and the Posterior Capsule of the Knee Block for Osteoarthritis Knee Pain

Context: Minimally invasive therapeutic modalities have been used to relieve refractory pain of knee osteoarthritis (OA). Objective: The main objective of the study was to compare the adductor canal block (ACB) with combined ACB and infiltration between the popliteal artery and the posterior capsule of the knee (I-PACK) in patients suffering knee OA pain. Patients and Methods: Fifty-six patients were randomly allocated into two equal groups: Group I received ultrasound-guided ACB with 10 mL of 0.125 bupivacaine plus 40 mg methylprednisolone And Group II received ultrasound-guided ACB with 10 mL of 0.125 bupivacaine plus 40 mg methylprednisolone and I-PACK block using same volume and concentration as ACB. Results: Group II showed a statistically significant lower value of visual analog and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities scores at all follow-up intervals compared to Group I. Conclusion: Combined ACB and I-PACK block provide more effective analgesia and better functional outcome compared to the ACB alone.
Prasugrel Inappropriate Use in Patients Post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A Single Center Study

Prasugrel is a thienopyridine that was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in combination with aspirin for the reduction of thrombotic events as well as stent thrombosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention. This retrospective study aims to assess the frequency of inappropriate use of prasugrel and to emphasize that prasugrel still needs more attention as inappropriate use may result in significant morbidity.
Abnormal Entropy Modulation of the EEG Signal in Patients With Schizophrenia During the Auditory Paired-Stimulus Paradigm

The complexity change in brain activity in schizophrenia is an interesting topic clinically. Schizophrenia patients exhibit abnormal task-related modulation of complexity, following entropy of electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis. However, complexity modulation in schizophrenia patients during the sensory gating (SG) task, remains unknown. In this study, the classical auditory paired-stimulus paradigm was introduced to investigate SG, and EEG data were recorded from 55 normal controls and 61 schizophrenia patients. Fuzzy entropy (FuzzyEn) was used to explore the complexity of brain activity under the conditions of baseline (BL) and the auditory paired-stimulus paradigm (S1 and S2). Generally, schizophrenia patients showed significantly higher FuzzyEn values in the frontal and occipital regions of interest (ROIs). Relative to the BL condition, the normalized values of FuzzyEn of normal controls were decreased greatly in condition S1 and showed less variance in condition S2. Schizophrenia patients showed a smaller decrease in the normalized values in condition S1. Moreover, schizophrenia patients showed significant diminution in the suppression ratios of FuzzyEn, attributed to the higher FuzzyEn values in condition S1. These results suggested that entropy modulation during the process of sensory information and SG was obvious in normal controls and significantly deficient in schizophrenia patients. Additionally, the FuzzyEn values measured in the frontal ROI were positively correlated with positive scores of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), indicating that frontal entropy was a potential indicator in evaluating the clinical symptoms. However, negative associations were found between the FuzzyEn values of occipital ROIs and general and total scores of PANSS, likely reflecting the compensation effect in visual processing. Thus, our findings provided a deeper understanding of the deficits in sensory information processing and SG, which contribute to cognitive deficits and symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.
Impact of methamphetamine on the hippocampal neuropeptide Y system: Endothelial protective role

Methamphetamine (METH) consumption is a worldwide health problem that can lead to ischemic stroke and psychiatric disturbances. Among several negative effects triggered by METH at the Central Nervous System, it is now well-stablished that METH also causes bloodbrain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. Moreover, there are several studies showing that neuropeptide Y (NPY) has an important protective role by acting as dentate gyrus neurogenesis promoter, as an antiepileptic molecule, by preventing memory deficits, and by protecting against METHinduced neuronal and microglial cell death. Despite these beneficial effects of the NPY system, nothing is known about its role on endothelial cells properties and function. Therefore, the aim of our work was to clarify how METH interferes with the hippocampal NPY system with particular attention to the neurovasculature, and then to unravel its role as a target to counteract METH-induced endothelial cell death. Thus, in order to study the NPY system expression in the hippocampus we performed immunohistochemistry in brain slices obtained from C57BL/6J mice treated with a METH binge protocol (4× 10mg/kg, 2h apart). Moreover, we used human brain microvascular endothelial cell lines (hCMEC/D3), an in vitro model of human BBB, to clarify if these cells express NPY and its receptors, and further understand their role under METH injury. TUNEL assay was performed to measure cell death induced by METH alone or in combination with NPY system modulators. Our results show an upregulation of NPY immunoreactivity in the mice hippocampus and Y1R in both hippocampus and endothelial cells culture. Further, we demonstrate that human endothelial cells express Y2R that are able to protect against METH-induced endothelial cell
Assessing resuscitation responses in prematurely born infants

2 Acknowledgments . 3 Published work arising from this thesis . 12 Chapter 1 : Introduction . 13 1.1 Background . 14 1.2 Historical perspectives . 15 1.2. 1 Lung inflation technique and devices . 22 1.3 Pulmonary adaptation in a newborn born infant . 25 1.4 Fetal Breathing movements . 25 1.5 Fetal Lung fluid . 26 1.6 Lung fluid absorption . 27 1.6. 1 Role of Sodium channels in lung fluid absorption . 28 1.6. 2 Role of hormones in lung fluid clearance . 32 1.6. 3 Role of trans pulmonary pressures in lung fluid clearance . 34 1.7 Establishing and maintaining functional residual capacity . 36 1.7. 1 Infant’s first Breath . 37 1.7. 2 The role of the first breath in establishing an FRC . 38 1.7. 3 Role of initial lung inflation . 40 1.7. 4 Role of active expiration . 42 1.7. 5 Role of surfactant . 43 1.7. 6 Mode of delivery and FRC formation . 44 1.7. 7 Functional Residual Capacity in prematurely born infants . 45 1.8 The role of neonatal pulmonary reflexes . 47 1.8. 1 Hering-Breuer inflation reflex . 47 1.8. 2 Hering-Beurer deflation reflex . 49 1.8. 3 Head’s paradoxical reflex . 49 1.9 Pulmonary circulation and gas exchange . 51
What Factors Influence Delayed Referral to Spinal Surgeon in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis?

STUDY DESIGN Retrospective review with qualitative phone interview. OBJECTIVE This study aims to identify the factors leading to delayed diagnosis or referral to a spinal surgeon in patients who subsequently require surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA AIS can be effectively treated with bracing to prevent curve progression in skeletally immature patients. Australia currently has in place a national self-detection screening program to diagnose AIS. METHODS A retrospective review was performed for patients who underwent surgery for scoliosis at Princess Margaret Hospital for Children and Royal Perth Hospital between June 1, 2010 and May 27, 2014. Data were retrieved from the digital medical record and a semistructured phone interview was used to determine path to diagnosis and referral. RESULTS Mean Cobb angle at first specialist review was 49.5° ± 14.0° for patients who subsequently required surgery for AIS. These patients experienced an average interval of 20.7 months from detection of symptoms to review in a specialist clinic. CONCLUSION In a condition in which early detection and intervention may halt progression of disease, AIS is detected relatively late and there are specific delays to diagnosis and referral to specialist clinics. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4.
Detection of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Gastroenteritis in a Tertiary Children’s Hospital in China

Background: Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) especially the invasive NTS (iNTS) is associated with various gastrointestinal diseases with a significant increase in antibiotic resistance. Objectives: We determined the prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility of NTS and iNTS isolated from stool and blood samples of children aged 2 - 15 years, respectively. Methods: A total of 537 stool and 405 blood samples were collected from 613 children with symptomatic gastroenteritis between January 2016 and May 2018. Samples were subjected to microbiological analysis and antibiotic resistance was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. β-lactamase genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: A total of a total of 213 (39.7%) and 165 (40.7%) stool and blood samples grew Salmonella sp, respectively. Of these; 54 (10.1%) and 38 (9.4%) were identified as NTS and iNTS, respectively. Nalidixic acid (54.3%) resistance was the most the predominant resistance followed by ciprofloxacin (47.8%), cefotaxime (41.3%) and gentamicin (39.1%) among our isolates. The rate of resistance among iNTS was comparable and there was no significant (P > 0.05) difference observed in the resistance pattern between NTS and iNTS isolates. Among the resistant isolates, blaCMY-2gene (32.6%) was the most commonly detected gene. Conclusions: Overall, Salmonella typhimurium was the predominant species identified and blaCMY-2was the predominant gene amplified by our isolates. The high prevalence and increased resistance especially among iNTS is a cause of concern and reiterates the need to test blood samples along with the stool samples for better management of gastroenteritis.
MATEE: multimodal attestation for trusted execution environments

Confidential computing services enable users to run their workloads in Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs) leveraging secure hardware like Intel SGX, and verify them by performing remote attestation. This process offers necessary proof for the integrity of users' software and the authenticity of the hardware, signed by a hardware-specific attestation key. Recent side-channel attacks have successfully retrieved such keys, enabling attackers to forge the attestation data and thereby undermining users' trust in their TEE. If the attestation proof is bound to a second hardware root of trust impervious to side-channel attacks, then the remote attestation process can maintain its security guarantees. In this paper, we introduce MATEE, a novel remote attestation mechanism for TEEs that creates a second chain of trust to a Trusted Platform Module (TPM), adding diverse redundancy into the existing attestation process. Targeting SGX enclaves for our prototype, as the most prominent TEE implementation to date, we describe how MATEE satisfies the necessary security requirements as well as present several scenarios that demonstrate its applicability and its benefits to the confidential computing landscape.
Exorcist: Automated Differential Analysis to Detect Compromises in Closed-Source Software Supply Chains

The insertion of trojanised binaries into supply chains are a particularly subtle form of cyber-attack that require a multi-staged and complex deployment methodology to implement and execute. In the years preceding this research there has been a spike in closed-source software supply chain attacks used to attack downstream clients or users of a company. To detect this attack type, we present an approach to detecting the insertion of malicious functionality in supply chains via differential analysis of binaries. This approach determines whether malicious functionality has been inserted in a particular build by looking for indicators of maliciousness. We accomplish this via automated comparison of a known benign build to successive potentially malicious versions. To substantiate this approach we present a system, Exorcist, that we have designed, developed and evaluated as capable of detecting trojanised binaries in Windows software supply chains. In evaluating this system we analyse 12 samples from high-profile APT attacks conducted via the software supply chain.