Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
“Well, I Have to Write That:” A Cross-Case Qualitative Analysis of Young Writers’ Motivations to Write

Hickey (2003), taking a “stridently sociocultural” position on motivation, notes that conceptualizations of motivation must shift to successfully study “motivation-in-context” (p. 401). This study represents an attempt to navigate such a shift. Rather than taking established understandings of achievement goals and motivation orientations as given, this interview-based, qualitative analysis examines three creative writing environmentsâ€”a secondary classroom, an extracurricular arts program, and an online game communityâ€”and analyzes adolescent participants’ understandings of their writing goals and motivations to write in particular settings. While such an approach relies on self-report and thus cannot capture implicit cognitions, its goal is to shed light on relationships among writers, contexts, and cognitionsâ€”and how traditional motivational paradigms may need to be amended to engage with such questions.
ASSOCIATION OF FORKHEAD BOX L 2 WITH EGG NUMBER IN HENS 89 follicular development and maturation and ovulation in chickens , with a potential effect on egg production in laying hens

Transcription factor forkhead box L2 (FOXL2) and growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF9) genes have critical roles in the regulation of hen ovarian development. In the present study, these genes were explored as possible molecular markers associated with BW, hen-housed egg production, and egg weight in Chinese Dagu hens. Samples were analyzed using the PCR–single strand conformation polymorphism (PCRSSCP) technique followed by sequencing analysis, and two novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified within these candidate genes. Among them, an A/G transition at base position 238 in the coding region of the FOXL2 gene and a G/T transversion at base position 1609 in exon 2 of the GDF9 gene were found to be polymorphic and named SNPs A238G and G1609T, respectively. The SNP A238G (FOXL2) leads to a nonsynonymous substitution (isoleucine77to-valine), and when the 360 Dagu hen samples were divided into genotypes AA and AB, allele A was found to be present at a higher frequency. Furthermore, the AA genotype correlated with significantly higher henhoused egg production at 30, 43, 57, and 66 wk of age and with a higher egg weight at 43 wk (P < 0.05). For the SNP G1609T (GDF9), the hens were typed into TT and TC genotypes, with the T allele shown to be dominant. The TC genotype was also markedly correlated with higher hen-housed egg production and a higher egg weight (P < 0.05). Moreover, four haplotypes were reconstructed based on these two SNPs, with the AATC haplotype found to be correlated with the highest hen-housed egg production at 30 to 66 wk of age and with higher egg weights at 43 wk (P < 0.05). Collectively, the two SNPs identified in this study might be used as possible genetic molecular markers to aid in the improvement of egg production traits in chicken breeding.
HLA: Human leukocyte antigen MHC: Major histocompatibility complex AR: Allergic rhinitis mAPİ: Modified asthma predictive index Ig: Immunoglobulin NK : Natural killer BAL: Bronchoalveolar lavage IL: Interleukin IFN:Interferon

BACKGROUND: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G is a non-classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigen characterized by limited polymorphism in its coding region, unique tissue expression pattern in physiologic conditions and immunomodulatory properties. Recently, many studies suggest that the levels of sHLA-G were higher in atopic asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR). However, this remains to be uncertain in wheezy infants. In the present study, it was aimed to determine sHLA-G levels in wheezy infants. METHODS: The study included infants with persistent wheezing and positive modified asthma predictive index (mAPİ) (n=30) (persistent group) and those with transient wheezing and negative mAPİ (n=17) (transient group). sHLA-G levels were determined in plasma by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Total immunoglobulin E (IgE) and eosinophil counts were obtained whereas skin testing was performed with a battery of 13 antigens with appropriate positive and negative controls. RESULTS: When infants with persistent wheezing and positive mAPİ (persistent group) and those with transient wheezing and negative mAPİ (transient group) were compared, sHLA-G levels were found to be significantly higher in persistent group (p = 0.008). There was not a significant difference in the peripheral blood eosinophil counts and total IgE levels among the groups. A cc ep te d A rt ic le This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. CONCLUSIONS: To best of our knowledge, this is the first study assessing sHLA-G levels in wheezy infants. The finding of increased sHLA-G levels in infants with persistent wheezing suggests that it may be a parameter which could be used to distinguish which wheezing would be persistent. Further comprehensive studies are needed in this topic.
Diversity Reception on Mobile Terminal under Slow Fading Environment

In recent years, television broadcasting can be received on mobile terminals in Japan since terrestrial digital television broadcasting (ISDB-T) has been initiated. In case of mobile reception, however, reception quality becomes worth because of fluctuation of received signal due to fading as shown in Fig.1 [1]. In general, burst error due to deep fading could be dispersed by time interleaving and relieved by forward error correction. However, duration of the burst error becomes long in case of slow fading and the errors can not be corrected sufficiently, especially in case of handy terminals [2]. As a counter measure for the above problem, we consider the utilization of diversity reception technique in this paper. For the diversity reception, plural antennas should be mounted on a terminal. But, it seems that enough element space could not be kept because the wave length in UHF band which utilized in ISDB-T is relatively long compared with the size of the handy terminals [3]. Moreover, scheme of the diversity switching and threshold of switching obviously affects on the effectiveness of the diversity reception. In this paper, effectiveness of several schemes of diversity reception in slow fading environment is compared and the optimal threshold is discussed. Furthermore, effect of Doppler shift and correlation between branches on bit error rate (BER) performance is described.
mestic cot

The present study compared the responses of adult domestic cocks and capons to a variety of novel and potentially frightening events. Cocks took tq+er to feed, spent less time feeding and ate less of their diet when it was dyed an unfamiliar colour than did capons. They also showed more pronounced avoidance of a novel object placed in the food trough. Conversely, cocks showed less behavioural inhibition than capons when placed individuallv in an unfamiliar pen (open field) containing a human observer: they ambulated sooner and more, and vocalized, pecked at the environment and flapped their wings more often. No significant differences were found between the tonic immobility fear reactions of cocks and capons. The pattern of results is considered more likely to reflect the stabilisation of attention by testosterone rather than any direct effect of the hormone on the ease of evocation and expression of fear.
Is Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)/Cannabidiol (CBD) Oromucosal Spray an Effective Adjuvant Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis Patients Who Suffer From Central Neuropathic Pain?

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not “Is Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)/Cannabidiol (CBD) oromucosal spray an effective adjuvant therapy for Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients who suffer from central neuropathic pain (CNP)? ” STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review of three randomized controlled trials published between 2005-2013, all English language. DATA SOURCES: Three randomized controlled studies were obtained using PubMed and MedLine. OUTCOMES MEASURED: The outcome of each study was the subject’s incidence and severity of central neuropathic pain compared to their baseline at the beginning of the study. Outcomes were measured using an 11-point pain scale at various intervals. The average scores of these participants were used to compare the control group versus the intervention group. RESULTS: Three randomized controlled trials and uncontrolled, extension trial were used in this review. Langford et al demonstrated a mean difference between the THC/CBD group and placebo-controlled group to be (odds ratio 1.31 [95% CI, 1.01-2.57 points]; P=0.046) after 10 weeks. Rog et al found that there was a statistically significant mean reduction of pain intensity (Mean change -2.7; 95% CI: -3.4 – 2.0 (p=0.005)) in the THC/CBD intervention group. Hoggart et al showed a significant mean reduction in pain scores (-0.96 points; 95% CI: -1.59, -0.32, (p=0.004)) when compared to control group. All of the results were observed in patients who were already on a stable regimen of analgesic medications to treat neuropathic pain related to MS. CONCLUSIONS: All three studies demonstrated statistically significant reduction in mean central neuropathic pain with THC-CBD oromucosal spray as compared to baseline, as well as compared to a placebo-control group. The addition of THC/CBD oromucosal spray should be considered in MS patients who suffer from central neuropathic pain and do not receive pain relief from standard therapy.
USING EYE TRACKING TECHNOLOGY IN PRODUCT DESIGN EVALUATION

A Visual sense occupy a 30 to 40 percent of the human cerebral cortex, and more than 70% of information is collected by vision, leaving less than 30 % for other senses. Having this in mind it is obvious that vision is the most important sensor and special attention must be attributed do research of its role in product design evaluation process. Eye tracking technology gives opportunity for recording the gaze positions and eye movements, thus giving the information about what the person is looking at. Pairing of eye tracking data with survey data can give valuable information to the designers. This paper offers short overview of the eye tracking technology and possibilities of its use in the design process.
A Wiener–Hopf approximation technique for a multiple plate diffraction problem

An approximation method is derived for the computation of the acoustic field between a series of parallel plates, subject to a time periodic incident field. The method is based on the Wiener–Hopf method of factorization, with computations involving orthogonal bases of functions that are analytic in the complex half‐plane. Copyright 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The solar cycle and solar dynamo models: Past accomplishments, present status and a strategy for the 21st century

We describe the primary observational features of solar cycles, as seen in the photosphere, and review progress made over the past sixty years to simulate and predict these features using magneto-hydrodynamic dynamo models. The focus is on the so-called Babcock-Leighton lux-transport (BLFT) dynamo models, calibrated for the Sun, which so far have been the most successful in simulation, and the only ones tested for prediction. The proposed 21 century strategy for progress emphasizes the need (a) to use modern data assimilation techniques, so successful for Earth’s atmosphere simulation and prediction, to exploit all available solar observations, and (b) to generalize BLFT dynamo models to 3D to simulate and predict longitude-dependent cycle features. The 3D models must include (a) global HD and MHD instabilities in the solar tachocline, which probably create spatial patterns and time dependence that is relected in surface observations, such as active longitudes, and (b) processes that capture the statistics and effects of emerging active regions that are tilted with respect to latitude circles, in order to accurately represent the surface source of poloidal ields, whose transport to the poles is responsible for polar ield reversals. © Anita Publications. All rights reserved.
Acquisition versus greenfield foreign entry : diversification mode choice in Central and Eastern Europe

Departing from the traditional transaction cost approach in diversification mode literature, this study investigates the influence of experimental organizational learning on the choice between acquisition and a greenfield investment. We provide empirical support that prior experience with acquisitions and/or greenfield investments, firm? s predominant international strategy (global or multidomestic) and the technological intensity of the parent play a crucial role in subsequent diversifications. Furthermore, contrary to extant arguments that foreign ownership decision is independent of a diversification mode choice we demonstrate that the type of ownership (joint venture vs. wholly owned subsidiary) is a significant predictor of firms? preference for acquisition or a greenfield. Unlike Caves and Mehra (1986) and Larimo (2002) who found a positive relationship between acquisitions and full ownership, we show that acquisitions in Central and Eastern European (CEE) transition economies are unlikely to be wholly owned subsidiaries. In addition, we contribute to extant diversification literature by introducing another neglected predictor of firms? diversification strategy: We demonstrate the incremental power of hostcountries? institutional structure on investors? diversification choice.
Child friendly cities: good governance in the best interests of the child

This paper describes the features that make a city “child friendly”, and the legal, institutional, budgetary and planning measures needed to underpin them. It explains how the concept of child friendly cities developed, and its key role in ensuring the implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in each city. The principles and practices of a child friendly city are illustrated by examples from Spain, the Occupied Territories of Palestine, Croatia, Ecuador, Brazil, India, Bangladesh, Sweden, Lebanon, Albania and the Ukraine.
Bone Loss or a Case of Mistaken Gender

Osteoporosis can occur in men and women of any age or ethnicity. Osteoporotic fractures are associated with increased mortality, even in younger patients. Hip fractures and vertebral fractures are public health concerns due to long-term disability and high Cost. The lifetime risk of an osteoporotic fracture in men over the age of 50 years is about 1 in 4, with the chances of a new fracture higher than the lifetime risk of developing prostate cancer. The mortality associated with hip fractures is higher in men that in women. By 2025, the estimated number of hip fractures occurring worldwide in men will be close to that seen in women in 1990. Dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the "gold-standard" technology for the diagnosis of osteoporosis and monitoring the skeletal effects of treatment. However, DXA results can sometimes be misleading due to errors in patient positioning, incorrect analysis, invalid data, or poor interpretation. This case presentation illustrates an easily avoidable testing error that could lead to inappropriate treatment decisions, highlighting the importance of quality DXA testing and reporting.
The Impact of Slave Trade on Current Civil Conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa

Slave trade affects regional economic development, degree of trust among individuals, community cohesion, and ethnic identity, which in turn have a bearing on the spatial distribution of civil conflict in Africa. Hence, ethnic homelands that have more slaves exported are expected to be more prone to conflict. By using a subnational dataset in Sub Sahara Africa (SSA) between 1997 and 2014, we find that slave trade in the colonial period significantly causes higher risks of civil conflict in the present. In order to reduce the concern of endogeneity, we employ the historical slave trade distances as instruments, which do not affect conflict except through their influence on slave trade.
Towards a methodology for inspiring and evaluating aesthetic design solutions

In an attempt to aid undergraduate product designers in designing form, this paper proposes a method for inspiring aesthetic design solutions. The methodology comprises a system to research, analyse and synthesise images from a verbal semantic ideal. The undergraduate designers went forward to create a range of design solutions using the images as a catalyst for design activity. This paper reports on the investigation undertaken to date, providing discussion on the techniques used during the methodology. It details a case study whereby undergraduate product designers proposed stylistic design solutions for a mobile phone based on a verbal semantic ideal. This case study aimed to deter theft through the aesthetic impression and semantic messages as perceived by the third party. Observation showed that this methodology can offer a “quick start”, initial inspiration and means of evaluating design solutions in terms of their aesthetic impression.
Biomass and yield of peanut grown on tropical soil amended with sewage sludge contaminated with lead

Application of sewage sludge with high lead (Pb) contents may pollute soils and contaminate crops. The objective of this work was to evaluate peanut responses to application of sewage sludge with varying Pb contents in order to supply phosphorus (P) to the plant. A greenhouse experiment was carried out with peanut grown on soil sample from a medium-textured Haplustox. Treatments were arranged in 3 × 2
Role of GATA 2 in normal and malignant hematopoiesis

Historically, familial myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)/ acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with nonsyndromic manifestation have been occasionally described in association with monosomy 7 karyotypes [1]. Germline mutations in genes coding for transcription factors CEBPA and RUNX1 were discovered as the cause of autosomal dominant familial MDS/AML syndromes, but the genetic cause remained obscure in many reported pedigrees. In 2011, loss-of-function (LOF) mutations or deletions in the GATA2 gene were identified as the third major MDS/AML predisposition syndrome [2]. Strikingly, at almost same time, germline GATA2 mutations were brought in association with other clinical entities, namely the autosomal dominant and sporadic monocytopenia and mycobacterial infection (MonoMAC) syndrome [3], dendritic cell, monocyte, B and NK lymphoid (DCML) deficiency [4] and primary lymphedema associated with predisposition to acute myeloid leukemia (Emberger syndrome) [5]. Finally, GATA2 deficiency had been identified as the most common known genetic cause of primary childhood MDS, where the majority of affected cases had negative family history [6]. Today, it is well accepted that all these clinical manifestations belong to the broad spectrum of a single genetic disease. Patients with inherited bone marrow failure disorders (IBMFS) such as Fanconi anemia and severe congenital neutropenia have an increased risk of MDS/AML, and a differential diagnosis of IBMFS is important for treatment stratification [7]. From this point of view, the exclusion of germline GATA2 mutations and other familial MDS/AML Abstract The GATA2 gene codes for a master hematopoietic transcription factor that is essential for the proliferation and maintenance of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Heterozygous germline mutations in GATA2 have been initially associated with several clinical entities that are now collectively defined as GATA2 deficiency. Despite pleiotropic clinical manifestations, the high propensity for the development of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) constitutes the most common clinical denominator of this major MDS predisposition syndrome. The immunological phenotypes can be variable and mostly include deficiency of monocytes and/or B cells. Thus far, nearly 380 GATA2deficient patients had been reported, with a roughly estimated prevalence of myeloid neoplasia of at least 75%. The most common abnormal karyotypes associated with GATA2related MDS are monosomy 7, der(1;7) and trisomy 8. The overall clinical penetrance seems to be nearly complete for this transcriptopathy disorder. The high-risk MDS subtypes and karyotypes, and the underlying immunodeficiency guide decision-making toward timely stem cell transplantation. Familial predisposition of myeloid malignancies: Biological and clinical significances of recurrent germline mutations
Prospects for the use of HTS in High-field Magnets for Future Accelerator Facilities

The enthusiasm that followed the discovery of High Temperature Superconductors (HTS) and the hope that they could replace Low Temperature Superconductors (LTS) was damped by low current-carrying capacity, short piece lengths, and fragility of the brittle oxide materials. Development of applications was mainly on devices less demanding of conductor performance. However, with continuing development, progress was made with the cuprate superconductors, and long lengths of BSCCO 2223 and REBCO tape conductors are now commercially available. Progress has also been made in the development of BSSCO 2212 round wire, where implementation of a new production process has led to a breakthrough in performance. Though still at the research level, attainments in material synthesis and theoretical understanding of ironbased materials may lead to their development into practical superconductors, featuring high upper critical field and low anisotropy. A review of the potential of HTS as applied to accelerators is presented, with a focus on using the presently available materials and on the perceived needs for further development.
Analysis and Optimization of Random Cache in Multi-Antenna HetNets with Interference Nulling

From the perspective of statistical performance, this paper presents a framework for the per-user throughput analysis in random cache based multi-antenna heterogeneous networks (HetNets) with user-centric inter-cell interference nulling (IN). Using tools from stochastic geometry, an explicit expression for the per-user throughput is derived. Based on the analytical results, the optimal cache probabilities for maximizing the per-user throughput are analyzed. Theoretical analysis and numerical results reveal that the optimal random cache under interference nulling fully harvests the file diversity gain (FDG) and achieves a promising per-user throughput.
A Global Semantics for

We focus on the speciication of mixed systems that contain static and dynamic aspects. Our approach aims at keeping advantage of the languages dedicated to both aspects (algebraic speciications for data types, and state transition diagrams for dynamic behaviour) while providing an underlying unifying framework accompanied by an appropriate semantic model. This underlying framework is based on our notion of views. In 4] we addressed the composition of any number of views in a composition. Here we address the strong links that exist between all aspects of a single component, and that altogether build its global semantics. After presenting the (state and transition) formulas and their semantics, we show how to glue the diierent aspects together, and we present the retrieval of the global view for components. We provide here a new set of rules for the STS part of our views, taking into account the composition of all aspects. We then give the formal (global) semantics for such global views. We illustrate our view model on a password management example.