Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Growth performance, carcass traits and gut health of broiler chickens fed diets incorporated with single cell protein

Objective This study was conducted to evaluate single cell protein (SCP), produced from Methylococcus species, as a protein source on the growth performance, carcass traits and gut health of broiler chickens. Methods Ten iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diets containing 0 (Control), 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% SCP replacing either soybean meal (T1 to T5) or fish meal (T6 to T10) were formulated. Each diet prepared for starter (0 to 14 days), grower (15 to 21 days), and finisher (22 to 42 days) phases was offered to four replicates of 10 chicks each (n = 400). Growth performance at different phases and carcass characteristics and intestinal morphology on 42nd day of trial were measured. Results Body weight gain in groups fed 2.5% and 5% SCP diets were comparable to control during different phases and cumulatively, however lower (p<0.01) in 7.5% and 10% SCP diets. Feed conversion ratio was better (p<0.01) in 2.5% and 5% SCP diets. Dressing percentage, abdominal fat percentage and meat:bone ratio were not affected (p>0.05) by SCP inclusion in the diets. However, breast percentage was higher (p<0.01) in 2.5% and 5% SCP groups and thigh percentage higher in 7.5% and 10% SCP groups. Total microbial count in duodenum, jejunum and ileum were not affected (p>0.05) by SCP inclusion up to 10% in diets. Duodenal villi length and crypt depth were highest (p<0.01) in group fed 5% SCP diets and lowest in group fed 10% SCP diets. Jejunal villi length and crypt depth as well as ileal villi length were lowest (p<0.01) in group fed 10% SCP diets. Body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and gut health were better (p<0.01) in broilers fed fish meal based diets compared to soybean meal based diets. Conclusion It was concluded that inclusion of SCP up to 5% replacing soybean meal in broiler diets is beneficial in improving growth rate, breast yield and gut health status.
The Relationship Between Bone and Reproductive Hormones Beyond Estrogens and Androgens

Abstract Reproductive hormones play a crucial role in the growth and maintenance of the mammalian skeleton. Indeed, the biological significance for this hormonal regulation of skeletal homeostasis is best illustrated by common clinical reproductive disorders, such as primary ovarian insufficiency, hypothalamic amenorrhea, congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and early menopause, which contribute to the clinical burden of low bone mineral density and increased risk for fragility fracture. Emerging evidence relating to traditional reproductive hormones and the recent discovery of newer reproductive neuropeptides and hormones has deepened our understanding of the interaction between bone and the reproductive system. In this review, we provide a contemporary summary of the literature examining the relationship between bone biology and reproductive signals that extend beyond estrogens and androgens, and include kisspeptin, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, progesterone, inhibin, activin, and relaxin. A comprehensive and up-to-date review of the recent basic and clinical research advances is essential given the prevalence of clinical reproductive disorders, the emerging roles of upstream reproductive hormones in bone physiology, as well as the urgent need to develop novel safe and effective therapies for bone fragility in a rapidly aging population.
Variation of the Apparent Dissociation Constants of Carbonic Acid with Magnesium and Calcium Concentrations in Seawater

The effects of calcium and magnesium ion concentrations in artificial seawater (ASW) on the equilibrium state of the system H2CO3--H2O have been tested. The measured first and second apparent dissociation constants of carbonic acid, K(superscript ′)1 and K(superscript ′)2, increase with an increase in the concentrations of calcium and magnesium in ASW. The total and free activity coefficients of HCO^3- and CO^23^- at the ionic strength of 0.718 and temperature of 25°C decrease as a function of Mg:Ca concentration ratios in ASW. The results also show that the calcium ion has a greater effect on the apparent dissociation constants of carbonic acid than magnesium, suggesting that the calcium ion associates more strongly with bcarbonate and carbonate than the magnesium ion does.
Vindesine dexamethasone as a therapeutic option in elderly blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasms: a monocentric experience

Alyssa Benarfa, Anne Pham-Ledard , Emilie G erard, Laure Dequidt, Oc eane Ducharme , Pierre-Yves Dumas and Marie Beylot-Barry Dermatology Department, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1053, Bordeaux research in Translational Oncology, Team 3 oncogenesis of cutaneous lymphomas, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Service d’H ematologie Clinique et de Th erapie Cellulaire, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; INSERM U1035, Biotherapy of Genetic Diseases, Inflammatory Disorders and Cancers, Univ Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
Underlying pathology identified after 20 years of disease course in two cases of slowly progressive frontotemporal dementia syndromes

ABSTRACT We report two cases from the frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) spectrum with remarkably slow progression. The first case demonstrated insidious-onset behavioral symptoms and personality changes resembling behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia, followed a benign course over 26 years, his brain autopsy revealed the diffuse form of argyrophilic grain disease. The second case presented with slowly progressive cognitive and motor deficits, reminiscent of the corticobasal syndrome, deteriorated slowly over 22 years, his brain autopsy revealed FTLD-TDP with C9ORF72 pathology. These two cases confirm the notion of slowly progressive frontotemporal lobar degeneration caused by an underlying FTLD pathology, rather than a phenocopy.
Multi-omics integration strategies for animal epigenetic studies — A review

Genome-wide studies provide considerable insights into the genetic background of animals; however, the inheritance of several heritable factors cannot be elucidated. Epigenetics explains these heritabilities, including those of genes influenced by environmental factors. Knowledge of the mechanisms underlying epigenetics enables understanding the processes of gene regulation through interactions with the environment. Recently developed next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies help understand the interactional changes in epigenetic mechanisms. There are large sets of NGS data available; however, the integrative data analysis approaches still have limitations with regard to reliably interpreting the epigenetic changes. This review focuses on the epigenetic mechanisms and profiling methods and multi-omics integration methods that can provide comprehensive biological insights in animal genetic studies.
3D Modeling of Blood Flow in Simulated Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Background: Besides biological factors, abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture is also caused by mechanical parameters, which are constantly affecting the wall’s tissue due to their abnormal values. The ability to evaluate these parameters could vastly improve the clinical treatment of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms. The objective of this study was to develop and demonstrate a methodology to analyze the fluid dynamics that cause the wall stress distribution in abdominal aortic aneurysms, using accurate 3D geometry and a realistic, nonlinear, elastic biomechanical model using a computer-aided software. Methods: The geometry of the abdominal aortic aneurysm; was constructed on a 3D scale using computer-aided software SolidWorks (Dassault Systems SolidWorksCorp., Waltham MA). Due to the complex nature of the abdominal aortic aneurysm geometry, the physiological forces and constraints acting on the abdominal aortic aneurysm wall were measured by using a simulation setup using boundary conditions and initial conditions for different studies such as finite element analysis or computational fluid dynamics. Results: The flow pattern showed an increase velocity at the angular neck, followed by a stagnated flow inside the aneurysm sack. Furthermore, the wall shear stress analysis showed to focalized points of higher stress, the top and bottom of the aneurysm sack, where the flow collides against the wall. An increase of the viscosity showed no significant velocity changed but results in a slight increase in overall pressure and wall shear stress. Conclusions: Conducting computational fluid dynamics modeling of the abdominal aortic aneurysm using computer-aided software SolidWorks (Dassault Systems SolidWorksCorp., Waltham MA) proves to be an insightful approach for the clinical setting. The careful consideration of the biomechanics of the abdominal aortic aneurysm may lead to an improved, case-specific prediction of the abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture potential, which could significantly improve the clinical management of these patients.
Validity and Diagnosis in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine

Abstract Obtaining a diagnosis is an essential and integral part of physical and rehabilitation medicine in practice and research. Standardized psychometric properties are required of any classifications, diagnostic criteria, and diagnostic rules used. Physicians and researchers, in physical and rehabilitation medicine, need to understand these properties to determine the accuracy and consistency of their diagnosis. Although chronic musculoskeletal pain disorders are among the highly prevalent disorders seen in physical and rehabilitation medicine, limitations regarding existing diagnostic criteria for chronic musculoskeletal pain disorders still exist. Hence, the quest for developing diagnostic tools for chronic musculoskeletal pain that align with the standard properties remains open. These are discussed with an example for existing diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia. This article primarily aimed to provide an overview of standard psychometric properties. A secondary aim was to critically appraise the tools currently used to diagnose chronic musculoskeletal pain disorders. The challenges and limitations of existing diagnostic tools are discussed. Potential approaches on how to improve the conceptualization of the construct of musculoskeletal pain disorders are also discussed. Adopting a network perspective, for example, can better constitute the disease instead of a single known underlying etiology for persistent or recurrent pain symptoms.
Teaching Video NeuroImage: ECG-Gated 4-D CT Angiography Can Detect Aortic Plaque Mobility in Cryptogenic Stroke

An 80-year-old man developed an acute ischemic stroke and right posterior cerebral artery (PCA) occlusion (figure, A and B). Cardiac and carotid artery ultrasound examinations and 24-hour ECG monitoring did not identify any embolic sources. ECG-gated 4-D CT angiography (CTA) showed a noncalcified plaque with a superimposed mobile component on the ascending aorta (figure, C, and video 1). Virtual angioscopy using the datasets from ECG-gated 4-D CTA showed seaweed-like mobile component in the 3-D view (figure, D, and video 1). This was diagnosed as aortogenic embolism. The antithrombotic therapy was changed from clopidogrel to warfarin with an international normalized ratio of 2.0–3.0, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were controlled to less than 70 mg/dL by rosuvastatin.
Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Versus Aspirin in Patients With Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background and Purpose: Antiplatelet therapy is key for preventing thrombotic events after transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke. Although the role of aspirin is well established, there is emerging evidence for the role of short-term dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) in preventing recurrent stroke. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and study-level meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials comparing outcomes of early initiation of short-term DAPT (aspirin+P2Y12 inhibitor for up to 3 months) versus aspirin alone in patients with acute stroke or transient ischemic attack. Primary efficacy outcome was risk of recurrent stroke and primary safety outcome was incidence of major bleeding. Secondary outcomes studied were risk of any ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, major adverse cardiovascular events, and all-cause death. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) and CIs were calculated using a random-effects model. Results: Four trials with a total of 21 459 patients were included. As compared to aspirin alone, DAPT had a lower risk of recurrent stroke (RR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.68–0.83]; P<0.001; I2=0%) but a higher risk of major bleeding events (RR, 2.22 [95% CI, 1.14–4.34], P=0.02, I2=46.5%). Patients receiving DAPT had a lower risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (RR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.69–0.84], P<0.001, I2=0%) and recurrent ischemic events (RR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.67–0.82], P<0.001, I2=0%). Conclusions: As compared to aspirin alone, short-term DAPT within 24 hours of high-risk transient ischemic attack or mild-moderate ischemic stroke reduces the risk of recurrent stroke at the expense of higher risk of major bleeding.
Mental Health and Behavior of College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Longitudinal Mobile Smartphone and Ecological Momentary Assessment Study, Part II

Background Since late 2019, the lives of people across the globe have been disrupted by COVID-19. Millions of people have become infected with the disease, while billions of people have been continually asked or required by local and national governments to change their behavioral patterns. Previous research on the COVID-19 pandemic suggests that it is associated with large-scale behavioral and mental health changes; however, few studies have been able to track these changes with frequent, near real-time sampling or compare these changes to previous years of data for the same individuals. Objective By combining mobile phone sensing and self-reported mental health data in a cohort of college-aged students enrolled in a longitudinal study, we seek to understand the behavioral and mental health impacts associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, measured by interest across the United States in the search terms coronavirus and COVID fatigue. Methods Behaviors such as the number of locations visited, distance traveled, duration of phone use, number of phone unlocks, sleep duration, and sedentary time were measured using the StudentLife mobile smartphone sensing app. Depression and anxiety were assessed using weekly self-reported ecological momentary assessments, including the Patient Health Questionnaire-4. The participants were 217 undergraduate students. Differences in behaviors and self-reported mental health collected during the Spring 2020 term, as compared to previous terms in the same cohort, were modeled using mixed linear models. Results Linear mixed models demonstrated differences in phone use, sleep, sedentary time and number of locations visited associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. In further models, these behaviors were strongly associated with increased interest in COVID fatigue. When mental health metrics (eg, depression and anxiety) were added to the previous measures (week of term, number of locations visited, phone use, sedentary time), both anxiety and depression (P<.001) were significantly associated with interest in COVID fatigue. Notably, these behavioral and mental health changes are consistent with those observed around the initial implementation of COVID-19 lockdowns in the spring of 2020. Conclusions In the initial lockdown phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, people spent more time on their phones, were more sedentary, visited fewer locations, and exhibited increased symptoms of anxiety and depression. As the pandemic persisted through the spring, people continued to exhibit very similar changes in both mental health and behaviors. Although these large-scale shifts in mental health and behaviors are unsurprising, understanding them is critical in disrupting the negative consequences to mental health during the ongoing pandemic.
Nocturnal cerebral tissue oxygenation in lowlanders with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease travelling to an altitude of 2,590 m: Data from a randomised trial

Altitude exposure induces hypoxaemia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), particularly during sleep. The present study tested the hypothesis in patients with COPD staying overnight at high altitude that nocturnal arterial hypoxaemia is associated with impaired cerebral tissue oxygenation (CTO). A total of 35 patients with moderate‐to‐severe COPD, living at <800 m (mean [SD] age 62.4 [12.3] years, forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1] 61 [16]% predicted, awake pulse oximetry ≥92%) underwent continuous overnight monitoring of pulse oximetry (oxygen saturation [SpO2]) and near‐infrared spectroscopy of prefrontal CTO, respectively, at 490 m and 2,590 m. Regression analysis was used to evaluate whether nocturnal arterial desaturation (COPDDesat, SpO2 <90% for >30% of night‐time) at 490 m predicted CTO at 2,590 m when controlling for baseline variables. At 2,590 m, mean nocturnal SpO2 and CTO were decreased versus 490 m, mean change −8.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] −10.0 to −7.6) and −3.6% (95% CI −5.7 to −1.6), difference in change ΔCTO‐ΔSpO2 5.2% (95% CI 3.0 to 7.3; p < .001). Moreover, frequent cyclic desaturations (≥4% dips/hr) occurred in SpO2 and CTO, mean change from 490 m 35.3/hr (95% CI 24.9 to 45.7) and 3.4/hr (95% CI 1.4 to 5.3), difference in change ΔCTO‐ΔSpO2 −32.8/hr (95% CI −43.8 to −21.8; p < .001). Regression analysis confirmed an association of COPDDesat with lower CTO at 2,590 m (coefficient −7.6%, 95% CI −13.2 to −2.0; p = .007) when controlling for several confounders. We conclude that lowlanders with COPD staying overnight at 2,590 m experience altitude‐induced hypoxaemia and periodic breathing in association with sustained and intermittent cerebral deoxygenation. Although less pronounced than the arterial deoxygenation, the altitude‐induced cerebral tissue deoxygenation may represent a risk of brain dysfunction, especially in patients with COPD with nocturnal hypoxaemia at low altitude.
Real-world cost-effectiveness of stool-based colorectal cancer screening in a Medicare population

Abstract Aim Multiple screening strategies are guideline-endorsed for average-risk colorectal cancer (CRC). The impact of real-world adherence rates on the cost-effectiveness of non-invasive stool-based CRC screening strategies remains undefined. Methods This cost-effectiveness analysis from the perspective of Medicare as a primary payer used the Colorectal Cancer and Adenoma Incidence and Mortality Microsimulation Model (CRC–AIM) to estimate cost and clinical outcomes for triennial multi-target stool DNA (mt-sDNA), annual fecal immunochemical test (FIT) and annual fecal occult blood test (FOBT) screening strategies in a simulated cohort of US adults aged 65 years, who were assumed to either be previously unscreened or initiating screening upon entry to Medicare. Reported real-world adherence rates for initial stool-based screening and colonoscopy follow up (after a positive stool test result) were defined as 71.1% and 73.0% for mt-sDNA, 42.6% and 47.0% for FIT, and 33.4% and 47.0% for FOBT, respectively. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio using quality-adjusted life years (QALY) was defined as the primary outcome of interest; other cost and clinical outcomes were also reported in secondary analyses. Multiple sensitivity and scenario analyses were conducted. Results When reported real-world adherence rates were included only for initial stool-based screening, mt-sDNA was cost-effective versus FIT ($62,814/QALY) and FOBT ($39,171/QALY); mt-sDNA also yielded improved clinical outcomes. When reported real-world adherence rates were included for both initial stool-based screening and follow-up colonoscopy (when indicated), mt-sDNA was increasingly cost-effective compared to FIT and FOBT ($31,725/QALY and $28,465/QALY, respectively), with further improved clinical outcomes. Limitations Results are based on real-world cross-sectional adherence rates and may vary in the context of other types of settings. Only guideline-recommended stool-based strategies were considered in this analysis. Conclusion Comparisons of the effectiveness and benefits of specific CRC screening strategies should include both test-specific performance characteristics and real-world adherence to screening tests and, when indicated, follow-up colonoscopy.
An insulator blocks access to enhancers by an illegitimate promoter, preventing repression by transcriptional interference

Several distinct activities and functions have been described for chromatin insulators, which separate genes along chromosomes into functional units. Here, we describe a novel mechanism of functional separation whereby an insulator prevents gene repression. When the homie insulator is deleted from the end of a Drosophila even skipped (eve) locus, a flanking P-element promoter is activated in a partial eve pattern, causing expression driven by enhancers in the 3’ region to be repressed. The mechanism involves transcriptional read-through from the flanking promoter. This conclusion is based on the following. Read-through driven by a heterologous enhancer is sufficient to repress, even when homie is in place. Furthermore, when the flanking promoter is turned around, repression is minimal. Transcriptional read-through that does not produce anti-sense RNA can still repress expression, ruling out RNAi as the mechanism in this case. Thus, transcriptional interference, caused by enhancer capture and read-through when the insulator is removed, represses eve promoter-driven expression. We also show that enhancer-promoter specificity and processivity of transcription can have decisive effects on the consequences of insulator removal. First, a core heat shock 70 promoter that is not activated well by eve enhancers did not cause read-through sufficient to repress the eve promoter. Second, these transcripts are less processive than those initiated at the P-promoter, measured by how far they extend through the eve locus, and so are less disruptive. These results highlight the importance of considering transcriptional read-through when assessing the effects of insulators on gene expression.
Effect of loading 5-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol onto polypyrrole chitosan core shell nanoparticles on release rate, antimicrobial, and antitumor activities

Polypyrrole chitosan core shell nanoparticles were synthesized by in situ oxidation polymerization of pyrrole using FeCl3 in chitosan aqueous solution. 5-Phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (I) was prepared and loaded into polypyrrole chitosan core shell nanoparticles at two different temperatures (25°C and 80°C). These core shell nanoparticle systems are insoluble in acidic medium and have good adsorption capacity. The release of loaded triazole was studied in different pH media (2, 7.4). The mechanism of triazole release was determined by applying zero-order release, first-order release, Higuchi model, Hixson–Crowell, and Korsmeyer–Peppas kinetics equations. The antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis were evaluated. The potential cytotoxicity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and liver (HEPG2) cell line in vitro was tested.