Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Deep Ocean Sound Propagation in Environments with Strong Range Dependence

Abstract : Our long-term scientific goal is to understand the basic physics of low-frequency long-range sound propagation in the ocean and the effects of environmental variability on signal stability and coherence. We seek to understand the fundamental limits to signal processing imposed by ocean variability to enable advanced signal processing techniques, including matched field processing and other adaptive array processing methods. The principal objectives of this work are: 1) to further develop the theory of underwater sound propagation in realistic deep ocean environments with an emphasis on mode coupling in environments with strong range-dependence; 2) to investigate the importance of resonant forward scattering of sound in deep ocean environments resulting from interactions with either mesoscale structure or internal tides; and 3) to test theoretical predictions using measurements made during the NPAL Philippine Sea Experiment, including both the 2009 Pilot Study/Engineering test and the larger 2010-2011 Philippine Sea Experiment.
Review on Barely Yellow Dwarf Viruses

Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) is distributed worldwide, and infects most cereals and grasses. It is a phloem-restricted pathogen, causing yellowing, reddening, and brittleness of leaves, dwarfing, and reduction in size and number of ears and grains. BYDV is a luteovirus with small isometric particles containing an ssRNA genome, and is transmitted persistently by more than 20 aphid species. Five virus isolates have been distinguished and divided into two subgroups on the basis of cytopathology and serology. Recent serological evidence also indicates that BYDV isolates are related to other luteoviruses, suggesting that a continuous, over lapping range of viruses may be implicated in the barley yellow dwarf syndrome. Until future research clarifies this point, the term BYDV continues to be used to indicate the agent(s) involved. Perennial wild or cultivated grasses constitute a large and permanent virus pool. Primary and secondary virus spread depends on the aphid vector reproduction and flight which, in turn, are influenced by climatic conditions. Recent research on monitoring and control of aphid vectors and on development of resistant cereal cultivars has improved the prospect of minimizing losses from BYDV infections. Because of the economic importance of the BYDVs, more research is needed. The specific locations and timing of virus outbreaks, and the particular causal isolates, need to be monitored. This is will allow breeders to decide which BYDV isolate to target with transgenic resistance in a given locality. It will help growers decide whether to pay the extra premium for BYDV-resistant crops. Another area of applied research may be to engineer aphid-resistant crops. With the growing number of sequenced or partially sequenced isolates of BYDV and CYDV around the world, it’s important 1) to develop rapid means of nucleic acid-based detection (e.g., PCR), 2) to understand the epidemiology of BYDV/CYDV, and 3) to develop transgenic and other means of disease control. The better understanding of BYDV molecular mechanisms that ultimately lead to new means of controlling or mitigating the effects of the disease, and it sheds light on processes relevant to medically important viruses. In addition, further review is needed to identify all recovered BYDV and evaluation of promising treatments for use in integrated disease management strategy to manage not only BYDV but also other related viral diseases of plant. Key w ords: Barley , Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), and luteovirus.
Perception of Changes in Spectrum and Envelope of Musical Signals vs Auditory Fatigue

The paper presents results of research on an influence of listening fatigue on the detection of changes in spectrum and envelope of musical samples. The experiment was carried out under conditions which normally exist in a studio or on the stage when sound material is recorded and/or mixed. The equivalent level of presented sound samples is usually 90 dB and this is an average value of sound level existing in control room at various recording activities. Such musical material may be treated as a noise so Temporary Threshold Shift phenomenon may occur after several sessions and this may lead to a listening fatigue effect. Fourteen subjects participated in the first part of the experiment and all of them have the normal hearing thresholds. The stimuli contained the musical material with introduced changes in sound spectrum up to ±6 dB in low (100 Hz), middle (1 kHz) and high frequency (10 kHz) octave bands. In the second part of research five subjects listened to musical samples with introduced envelope changes up to ±6 dB in interval of 1 s. The time of loud music exposure was 60, 90 and 120 minutes and this material was completely different from the tested samples. It turned out that listening to the music with an $L_{eq} = 90$ dB for 1 hour influences the hearing thresholds for middle frequency region (about 1–2 kHz) and this has been reflected in a perception of spectral changes. The perceived peaks/notches of 3 dB have the detection ability at 70% and the changes of low and high ranges of spectrum were perceived at the similar level. After the longer exposure, the thresholds shifted up to 4.5 dB for the all investigated stimuli. It has been also found that hearing fatigue after 1 hour of a listening influences the perception of envelope which gets worse of 2 dB in comparison to the fresh-ear listening. When time of listening to the loud music increases, the changes in envelopes which can be detected rise to the value of 6 dB after 90-minutes exposure and it does not increase with further prolongation of listening time.
STRUCTURAL, ELECTRICAL AND DIELECTRIC BEHAVIOR OF NixCo1-xNdyFe2-yO4 NANO-FERRITES SYNTHESIZED BY SOL-GEL METHOD

The influence of neodymium (Nd) contents on the structural, electrical and dielectric properties of Nickel cobalt ferrites was studied in the ferrite series NixCO1-xNdyFe2-yO4 (x= 0.00, 0.20, 0.40, 0.60, 0.80, 1.0 and y = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.1). This series was prepared by sol-gel method. XRD analysis reveals single phase samples up to y=0.04. At y ≥ 0.06, a secondary phase of iron neodymium oxide (NdFeO3) appears along with the spinel phase. The incorporation of Nd 3+ for Fe 3+ ions results in a slight increase of lattice constant due to larger ionic radius of the substituted ions. It was inferred that the substitution of neodymium limits the grain growth. The DC electrical resistivity and activation energy are higher for the substituted samples. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss (tan δ) and AC-conductivity decreased on account of doping. The decrease in dielectric constant is imputed to the reduction in the internal viscosity of the doped samples. The dielectric data are explained on the basis of space charge polarization. Ferrites have high dielectric constant and low tan δ, they may be attractive for application in switching and memory storage devices.
A New Hybrid Chaotic Map and Its Application on Image Encryption and Hiding

A new hybrid chaotic map is constructed in this paper and applied to image encryption and hiding. MD5 is used as part of initial condition and control parameter to perturb the trajectory in order to further increase the security against plaintext-chosen attacks and differential attacks. Ciphered image is embedded into several carrier images to reduce suspiciousness and to increase robustness. The results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is of great security, robustness, and efficiency.
A novel center point initialization technique for K-means clustering algorithm

Clustering is a major data analysis tool utilized in numerous domains. The basic K-means method has been widely discussed and applied in many applications. But unfortunately failed to offer good clustering result due to the initial center points are chosen randomly. In this article, we present a new method of centre points initialization and we prove that the distance of the new method follows a Chi-square distribution. The new method overcomes the drawbacks of the basic K-means. Experimental analysis shows that the new method performs well on infectious diseases dataset when compare with the basic K-means clustering method and a histogram measures the quality of the new method.
Structural health monitoring for aerospace composite structures - an investigation of the potential using the finite element method

The growing demand of light-weight structures in the aerospace industry has made composites highly desirable. Real-time updates of the structural integrity can be achieved by a completely elaborated Structural Health Monitoring system. However, the inherent anisotropy of composites renders a mechanical behaviour that is difficult to predict. Hence an investigation has been performed in which the potential of Structural Health Monitoring for aerospace composite structures is evaluated by using the Finite Element Method. The work is focused on an aerospace stringer component in a frequency range of 50 Hz – 1 MHz. In order to gain fundamental knowledge of the dynamic response for both high and low frequencies, a case study has been formulated based on a composite plate. Three different FE plate models were established and evaluated by their corresponding Lamb wave dispersion curves. Dispersion characteristics were obtained numerically for the composite plate by the Spectral Decomposition Technique and the Zero-Crossing Technique. Modelling issues and damage detection techniques were analysed, giving valuable input to the stringer modelling procedure. For the stringer, a sensitivity analysis has been carried out from which observations displayed how different defect types affect the structural behaviour. Conclusions were made for damage detection possibilities in terms of damage type and excitation/measurement configurations. In addition, the potential of time reversal imaging has been investigated. Different parameters contributions to multiple scattering were studied and how these parameters affected the spatial resolution. Damage detection possibilities in the stringer proved to be substantial. As expected, a complex wave propagation pattern was observed due to complex geometric and material stringer properties. The sensitivity analysis showed that for all tested damage types, damage detection was possible, in particular for delaminations and inclusions. However the excitation and measurement positions had large influence on damage detectability. The concept of time reversal imaging shows great potential for model based damage detection. The location of damage can be pin-pointed with varying spatial resolution depending on (1) damage type, (2) TRM size, (3) TRM positioning and (4) length of the simulation. A Structural Health Monitoring system possess the ability of damage detection and localization as long as the placement of the sensors are thoroughly motivated. Thus combining the results from the sensitivity and the time reversal imaging analysis ought to be given priority in future developments of Structural Health Monitoring systems when based on these concepts.
IMPLEMENTING A DEPARTMENTAL ACTIVITY INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

There are several activities that take place in academic department of a higher institution. Report s from these activities influence the decisions affect ing the running of the department. These decisions ensure that the university is still in line with its vision and goals. In some institutions, particularly the public institutions in developing countries , there is the lack of proper records for activities within an academic department such as participation of staff and students in competitions, excursions, conferences, internship programs, etc. There is also the unavailability of sufficient data of graduated students within the department to aid decision making for providing reference and recommendation information . The objective of this study is to develop a Web - ba sed Departmental Activity Information System (DAIS) for academic departments of a university . The tools used for the implementation of this system are Hypertext Mark - up Language ( HTML ) , Cascading Style sheet 3 (CSS 3 ) and Bootstrap Framework as user interf ace, PHP as server side programming language and MySQL as the database. The system will aid academic departments and units in decision making process
Identifying adaptation effectiveness indicators using participatory approaches: A case study from the Gangetic Basin

Indicator-based approaches have been used extensively for measuring adaptation. Adopting participatory approaches helps in contextualizing the global level and generic indicators to suit the local-level conditions for measuring adaptation effectiveness. This paper discusses the application of a methodology for identifying a set of adaptation effectiveness indicators that could assist in prioritizing adaptation interventions. Using participatory approaches, the indicators were selected to assess the social, environmental and economic effectiveness of bunding as an adaptation option in the Gangetic Basin. The criteria for ranking of indicators were also determined along with an attempt to understand if there is an association between demographic factors and ranking of indicators by the respondents. The results showed that communities favoured the increase in fresh water availability as a measure for environmental effectiveness; food security for social effectiveness and farm income for economic effectiveness. The paper concludes by discussing the merits as well as limitations of using an indicator-based approach for assessing adaptation options.
Lack of association between CD28 IVS3 +17T/C SNP and the susceptibility to SLE in the Malaysian population.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a generalized autoimmune disease which results in multiorgan damage. The pathogenesis of SLE is mainly due to the over-production of autoantibodies and immune complexes, as well as abnormal regulation of their production and clearance. One of the many factors that lead to the over-production of autoantibodies is the hyperactivity of T- and B-cells. Owing to the costimulatory function of the CD28 molecule during T-cell activation, the CD28 gene is the target of our study. The results show that the T allele of the CD28 gene and its corresponding homozygous genotype scored the highest frequency amongst the Malaysian population. However, the CD28 gene is not significantly associated with the susceptibility of SLE when comparing between diseased and normal healthy subjects.
Population differentiation in the barnacle Chthamalus malayensis: postglacial colonization and recent connectivity across the Pacific and Indian Oceans

Chthamalus malayensis is a common intertidal acorn barnacle widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific. Analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences of samples from its distribution range revealed 3 genetically differentiated clades: the South China Sea, Indo-Malay and Taiwan clades. The clades have an allopatric distribution and differed by ~7.5 to 14% in COI. They also differed in zonation patterns and abundances within vertical ranges. The genetic and ecological differences suggest that the 3 clades probably represent distinct species. There were signatures of postglacial demographic expansion, yet the timing of expansion varied among clades, which is attributable to the differences in their geographical distributions. The Indian Ocean population of the Indo-Malay clade apparently attained its present range by postglacial re-colonization from the Pacific and, as a result, genetic differentiation among populations in the 2 oceans is low (ΦCT = -0.01, p = 0.49). There were differences in cohort structure between popula- tions in India and the Malay Peninsula. Together, this suggests a considerable level of contemporary gene flow over an evolutionary, but relatively restricted dispersal on an ecological time scale. Cohort structure also varied among Malaysia and Singapore, the South China Sea and Taiwan waters, indicating distinct larval supplies among the 3 clades, possibly determined by different ocean current systems. This physical dispersal of larvae interacts with local biological factors in determining the on-shore distribution and genetic structure of the barnacle populations. Our findings highlight the importance of combining ecological and genetic data to understand factors that mould biodiversity patterns.
A Coupled Spin-Electron Diamond Chain with Different Landé g-Factors of Localized Ising Spins and Mobile Electrons

A coupled spin-electron diamond chain with localized Ising spins placed on its nodal sites and mobile electrons delocalized over interstitial sites is explored in a magnetic field taking into account the difference between Land\'e g-factors of the localized spins and mobile electrons. The ground-state phase diagram is constituted by two classical ferrimagnetic phases, the quantum unsaturated paramagnetic phase and the saturated paramagnetic phase. Both classical ferrimagnetic phases as well as the unsaturated paramagnetic phase are reflected in a low-temperature magnetization curve as intermediate magnetization plateaus. The unsaturated paramagnetic phase is quantum in its character as evidenced by the fermionic concurrence calculated for a pair of the mobile electrons hopping in between the interstitial sites. It is shown that the magnetic field can under certain conditions induce a quantum entanglement above the disentangled ground state.
Investigating the X-ray emission from the massive WR+O binary WR 22 using 3D hydrodynamical models

Aims. We examine the dependence of the wind-wind collision and subsequent X-ray emission from the massive WR+O star binary WR 22 on the acceleration of the stellar winds, radiative cooling, and orbital motion. Methods. Three dimensional (3D) adaptive-mesh refinement (AMR) simulations are presented that include radiative driving, gravity, optically-thin radiative cooling, and orbital motion. Simulations were performed with instantaneously accelerated and radiatively driven stellar winds. Radiative transfer calculations were performed on the simulation output to generate synthetic X-ray data, which are used to conduct a detailed comparison against observations. Results. When instantaneously accelerated stellar winds are adopted in the simulation, a stable wind-wind collision region (WCR) is established at all orbital phases. In contrast, when the stellar winds are radiatively driven, and thus the acceleration regions of the winds are accounted for, the WCR is far more unstable. As the stars approach periastron, the ram pressure of the WR’s wind overwhelms the O star’s and, following a significant disruption of the shocks by non-linear thin-shell instabilities (NTSIs), the WCR collapses onto the O star. X-ray calculations reveal that when a stable WCR exists the models over-predict the observed X-ray flux by more than two orders of magnitude. The collapse of the WCR onto the O star substantially reduces the discrepancy in the 2–10 keV flux to a factor of � 6a tφ = 0.994. However, the observed spectrum is not well matched by the models. Conclusions. We conclude that the agreement between the models and observations could be improved by increasing the ratio of the mass-loss rates in favour of the WR star to the extent that a normal wind ram pressure balance does not occur at any orbital phase, potentially leading to a sustained collapse of the WCR onto the O star. Radiative braking may then play a significant role for the WCR dynamics and resulting X-ray emission.
Nuclear Encoded Mitochondrial Proteins in Metabolite Transport and Oxidation Pathway Connecting Metabolism of Nutrients

In the mitochondria, there are ongoing processes essential to the survival of cells associated with the production of energy ending in the oxidative phosphorylation and the formation of ATP, constituting a form of energy for majority of metabolic processes. Except for nutrient oxidation in the citric acid cycle interfacing with the process of oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondria are linked to a number of metabolic pathways ongoing directly in mito- chondria or indirectly in cell compartments by serving substrates. Mitochondrial activities maintenance requires continual draw of intermediates from cytosol through the double mitochondrial membrane as well as transport in the reverse direction. Interconnection and regulation of all the processes are mediated by transporters and carriers, activities of which are affected by cell and body requirements. In the chapter, the main transport systems localized in membranes of mitochondria, their regulation, affection, and disorders in the background of mitochondria aberrant functions are described. Voltage-dependent anion channels, translocase of mitochondrial outer membrane, deoxynucleotide carrier, ADP/ ATP nucleotide translocase, and phosphate carrier in mitochondrial inner membrane are among them. In more detail, the pyruvate carrier and its abnormal activity, but also others as di- and tri-carboxylate, glutamate, and ornithine carriers, are characterized. The uncoupling protein, as solute carrier family members, involvement is also mentioned.
The Effect of Reaction Time on the Quality of Hydrogen and Carbon Nanotubes Produced Through Catalytic Decomposition of Methane

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are tubular carbon molecules with superior mechanical, chemical, optical, and electrical properties. These unique properties make CNTs potentially valuable as hydrogen storage, superconductors, drug delivery and other end-use applications. Catalytic decomposition of methane is a promising method for producing hydrogen and CNTs simultaneously for several reasons: economic, high yield of products, and ease of control. Unfortunately, the presence of a metal catalyst in the CNTs product after reaction causes a negative impact on the quality of CNTs including reducing the electrical resistivity, density, tensile strength and structural properties of the nano tubes which can lead to the reduction of CNTs performance in many applications. Process optimization is needed to produce hydrogen and CNTs with the best quality by varying the reaction time to observe the influence of reaction time on the quality of the CNTs produced through the catalytic decomposition of methane. Production of CNTs was performed in a Gauze reactor at 700°C, 1 atm with methane as a feed was about 315 ml/min. A Stainless steel-wire mesh coated with a Ni-Cu-Al catalyst prepared by the dip-coating method as a spot for carbon deposition. The catalytic performance of the Ni-Cu-Al catalyst and the quality of carbons produced were discussed based on the X-ray diffraction (XRD) results and the Scanning Electron Micrograph (SEM) Image of the used catalysts. The diameter of CNTs produced by a longer reaction time were greater, and it can be concluded that the longer the time reaction, the worse the quality of the CNTs produced. The best of CNTs, which have a smaller diameter was given at 20 minutes reaction time. The crystal diameter of CNTs increased with increasing reaction time ranging from 5.93 nm for 20 minutes reaction to 7.33 nm for 240 minutes reaction.
Verbal Irony

According to Gibbs and Colston, one of the biggest challenges for irony research is the uncovering of the various ways in which irony is used in discourse. This article takes up a genre-based approach to deal with this research challenge. In a content analysis of ironic utterances from six written genres (commercial and noncommercial advertisements, columns, cartoons, letters to the editor, book and film reviews), ironic utterances are compared on the usage of irony factors and irony markers. Results indicate that every genre in the corpus differs from the general distribution for at least one irony factor and one category of irony markers. Taken together, the clustering of irony factors and markers in specific genres is a first step toward identifying the various ways in which verbal irony is used differently across various genres.