Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CELLULAR IMMUNE RECOGNITION OF INFLUENZA A VIRUSES IN EQUINES: IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDIES ON THE IMMUNOGENICITY OF EQUINE INFLUENZA VIRUSES

Adeyefa, C. A. 0. , 1. W. McCauley, A. 1. Daneji. O. A. Kalejaiye, A. Bakare, O. Ashi molowo: Cellular Immune Recognition ofIIlJluell~a A Viruses in Equines: ill vitro and ill vivo Studies on the immullogellicity of Equille IIlJluenza Virus. Acta vet. Brno. 1997,66:39-49. III vitro and in vivo studies on immunogenicity of equine influenza viruses were investigated in an equine model using the cell proliferation assay. Proliferating cells were characterized and the induction of immunogenicity in these cells was also determined. Both equine-I (H7N7) and equine-2(H3N8) influenza viruses were found to be mitogenic in vitro but lymphocyte responsiveness was more marked with the former. Lymphocyte responsiveness was also observed ill vivo from 72 hours up to 6 weeks following intravenous injection of experimental horses with influenza viral glycoproteins while haemagglutination inhibition and protective neutral ising antibodies showed that equine influenza viruses and their surface glycoproteins could induce Band T cell responses in horses. This induction occurred through direct binding of the virus surface antigens to receptors on the surface in addition to previously reported activation of class I and class II major histocompatibility complex restricted T cells. The proliferating cells produced immunoglobulin isotypes IgGa, IgGb, IgGc and IgG(T). The role of memory Band T cells in the protection of immunized animals is highlighted. Mitogellicity. viral glycoproteins. lymphoproliJeration. immunoglobulin isotypes
Production, optimization, purification and properties of uricase isolated from some fungal flora in Saudi Arabian soil

The present study deals with production, extraction and purification of the intracellular and extracellular fungal uricase. The fungal flora will be isolated from soil were (Aspergillua niger, Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium chrysogenum and Fusarium moniliforme). Optimization of some nutritional and physical factors in the basal medium in order to intensify the production of extracellular and intracellular uricases will be carried out. 0.1% uric acid, 0.2% sodium phosphate were higher inducer for A. niger uricases. The enzymes will be purified to homogeneity from the most uricase producing organism (A. niger) by salting out with ammonium sulphate, dialysis and passage through chromatography resins (Sephadex G-200 column, Sephadex G-100 and Diethylaminoethyl cellulose column) and test for purity by simple polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technique. Three extracellular uricase UI, UII and UIII and one intracellular uricase UIV were obtained with specific activities 105.9, 81.25, 101.96 and 9.66, respectively. The molecular weight of A. niger extracellular uricase isoenzymes UI, UII, UIII and UIV were 39.70, 30.50, 55.30 and 18 KDa. , respectively. Studying factors affecting the activity of the purified uricase enzyme will be determined. The microorganisms recorded in this study were isolated from soil samples collected from Al-mesk lake soil and agricultural soil- Jeddah distinct- Saudi Arabia. The basal medium consisting of 0.3% uric acid, 0.2% K2HPO4, 0.05% KH2PO4, 0.01% MgSO4-7H2O, 0.01% NaCl and 0.01% CaCl2 and 1.0% (v/v) trace elements solution containing of 5.2% ZnSO4, 5.0% FeSO4-7H2O, 5.0% CuSO4-7H2O and 0.05% MnSO4-H2O.
applying social learning theory to police misconduct

Although numerous studies have attempted to understand the causes of various forms of police misconduct, there is still no clear theoretical explanation of police misbehavior. Akers’ social learning theory posits that peer associations, attitudes, reinforcement, and modeling are predictors of delinquency and crime in general. With this article, we seek to determine if the theory can account for police deviance. Data from a random sample of Philadelphia police officers are used to examine how officer attitudes and perceptions of peer behavior are related to citizen complaints of police misconduct. Findings suggest that social learning theory provides a useful explanation of police misconduct.
Inhibitors of Mitotic Kinesins: Next‐Generation Antimitotics

A large number of antimitotics have been proven so far as valuable and effective anticancer agents in clinical oncology. For example, the vinca alkaloids vincristine and vinblastine are used for the treatment of leukemia and Hodgkin’s lymphoma, whereas paclitaxel and docetaxel are approved for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer, as well as for lung and ovarian carcinomas. These drugs inhibit mitosis by targeting the spindle microtubules, which are responsible for cell proliferation and the faithful partitioning of genetic material. However, despite their success, these antimitotics show several serious side effects such as neurotoxicity. These side effects are related to the broad role of tubulin (the fundamental buildingblock protein of microtubules) in important cellular processes such as the maintenance of organelles and cell shape, cell motility, synaptic vesicles, and intracellular transport phenomena. A further limitation to the application of antimitotics is the development of resistance. Resistance mechanisms involve the multidrug-resistant phenotype mediated by the P-glycoprotein efflux pump, tubulin mutations, alterations in the expression of tubulin isotypes, and microtubule-associated proteins. 7] Lately, the revolution in molecular biology combined with advances in high-throughput screening and automated microscopy and imaging has yielded a better understanding of cell division, and has helped in the identification of new and more selective anticancer targets, including members of several kinase families such as Polo, Aurora, and mitotic kinesins. These proteins are exclusively involved in the formation and function of the mitotic spindle and are key regulators for mitotic entry, progression, and cytokinesis.
Pregnancy and Intimate Partner Violence: How Do Rural, Low-Income Women Cope?

We conducted 32 in-depth interviews with 20 rural, low-income, women residing in the United States who were pregnant (n = 12) or 3 months postpartum (n = 8) and had experienced intimate partner violence (IPV). Using purposive sampling and the grounded theory method, we generated a conceptual model of coping. The urge to protect the unborn baby was the primary influence for participants’ decisions about separating from or permanently leaving an abusive relationship. Implications include universal screening for IPV in child-bearing women, inquiry into maternal identity development during pregnancy, and improved resource access for rural, low-income women.
MLCK‐independent phosphorylation of MLC20 and its regulation by MAP kinase pathway in human bladder smooth muscle cells

Myosins are a superfamily of actin‐based molecular motor proteins, which hydrolyze ATP and generate various forms of eukaryotic motility and muscle contraction. Myosin light chain 20 (MLC20) is small ring around the neck region of heavy chain of myosins. Phosphorylation of MLC20 is thought to play a key role in regulation of smooth muscle contraction. Calcium‐ and calmodulin‐dependent myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) is considered the primary regulator of MLC20 phosphorylation. However, several observations in smooth muscle contraction cannot be explained by the mode of phosphorylation. By performing a series of experiments in vitro and in vivo, we report here MLCK‐independent MLC20 phosphorylation. Gene expression study reveals that expression of MLCK in smooth muscles is inconsistent with MLC20 phosphorylation at Ser19. None of inactivating calmodulin/MLCK, depriving of calcium and silencing MLCK expression by siRNA blocks effectively the phosphorylation of MLC20 at Ser19. In addition, by overexpressing active human MAP (mitogen‐activated protein)‐ERK kinase kinase‐1 (MEKK1) and blocking its downstream messengers, we have demonstrated a new regulatory system of MLC phosphorylation via MEKK1, which downregulates Ser19 phosphorylation of MLC20 through its downstream molecules, p38, JNK, and ERK in human bladder smooth muscle cells. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A DATA MINING FRAMEWORK FOR PRODUCT BUNDLE DESIGN AND PRICING

— Product bundling is a marketing strategy that has been widely studied in research literature and extensively used in practice. With the growing quantity of products and huge possible bundling combinations, it is necessary to develop algorithmic approaches to determine which products should be in a profitable bundle, and what the proper price is for a bundle. In this paper, we propose a new data mining framework for product bundle design and bundle pricing. This framework incorporates the time value of money in data mining tasks, and it is capable of determining the product combination and price of a bundle in order to maximize the profit. We also demonstrate the efficiency of this data mining framework through experiments and simulations.
What’s wrong with quality-of-life measures? A philosophical reflection and insights from neuroimaging

The authors propose a reflection on quality of life (QoL) measures in medicine following the work of G. Canguilhem on health and disease and the latest results from neuroimaging. The use of QoL measures implies that the tension between the two competing visions of health (i.e., normative and descriptive) needs to be overcome. A profound cultural change is needed if we want clinicians, researchers and decision makers to suspend their prevailing scientific ideologies about disease and examine the content of the patient’s experience. Another issue that concerns the direction of future QoL is that until now, the available measurements and recent work were ambiguous, trying to find a commonly acceptable, intermediate position halfway between these normative and descriptive visions. It may be time to discard the medical normative vision and instead assume a radically humanistic approach to medicine by providing purely descriptive measures based on the values and emotions of patients.
Temporal Bone Osteoradionecrosis After Surgery and Radiotherapy for Malignant Parotid Tumors

Objective: To assess the incidence of osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the temporal bone after surgery with radiotherapy for malignant parotid tumors. Setting: A tertiary care, academic medical center. Patients: All patients who underwent surgical resection with postoperative radiotherapy (RT) for a malignant parotid tumor between July 1988 and July 2007. Interventions: A retrospective chart analysis to determine the extent of surgery, the RT parameters, and the incidence of ORN of the temporal bone. Main Outcome Measures: The incidence of ORN in 3 subgroups of patients. Results: The 221 patients with malignant parotid tumors who underwent surgical resection with postoperative RT were divided into groups 1, parotidectomy only; 2, parotidectomy with mastoidectomy; and 3, parotidectomy with subtotal petrosectomy. The overall incidence of temporal bone ORN in group 1 was 2 (2%) of 106; in group 2, 8 (13%) of 64; and in group 3, 0 (0%) of 51. Conclusion: The incidence of temporal bone ORN is higher after mastoidectomy for facial nerve identification or resection in patients undergoing parotidectomy with postoperative radiotherapy. Oversew of the ear canal with mastoid obliteration should be considered in this subgroup of patients to avoid this long-term complication of radiotherapy used in the treatment of malignant parotid tumors.
Balance Training in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy : A Narrative Review

Diabetes has a very high prevalence and a third of the diabetic population is affected with neuropathy. Moreover, one third of the patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) present with some kind of balance and gait disturbances. The incidence of developing diabetic peripheral neuropathy increases with the chronicity of the disease and poor glycemic control. Around 30% of people with DPN experience muscle weakness, loss of ankle reflexes, and decreased balance, coordination and gait control, thereby, limiting walking and increasing the risk of fall-related injuries. For the present article, a literature search was performed using Google Scholar, Pubmed and Cochrane data bases using the keywords. Articles were searched and reviewed using the narrative approach. This review aims to discuss the pathogenesis and factors associated with DPN, concept of balance and postural control, balance and gait impairment in DPN and exercises used to improve balance and gait parameters. In conclusion, the synthesis of the reviewed studies suggests that balance exercises are feasible and safe, and have the potential to improve balance and gait, consequently, reducing the risk of falls and fall-related injuries. Therefore, balance exercises should be used as a supportive therapy in diabetic peripheral neuropathy patients.
The Mediterranean fruit fly in California: evidence for multiple introductions and persistent populations based on microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA variability

Microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variability data were used to study outbreaks of Mediterranean fruit fly in California in the years 1992–94 and 1997–99. A total of 359 flies caught in monitoring traps during these years were examined at three polymorphic mtDNA restriction sites and two microsatellite loci. Composite genotypes obtained through analysis of these markers indicate at least five independent introductions of medflies into California between 1992 and 1998. Whereas the majority of specimens displayed a single mtDNA haplotype (AAA), variation of microsatellite alleles among these flies suggests at least one additional introduction in 1993 into southern California. Flies displaying the AAB haplotype sampled in 1992 both in northern and southern California shared microsatellite alleles absent in AAA flies although lacking others commonly found in AAA specimens, thus supporting the hypothesis of an independent introduction of these flies from a different source. In contrast to earlier infestations, a few specimens caught in southern California in 1993 and again in 1998 showed both mtDNA and microsatellite patterns consistent with a Hawaiian origin. Single flies collected in Santa Clara County in 1997 and in El Monte, Los Angeles County & in 1999 most likely represent a sixth and seventh distinct introduction, respectively.
Fault‐tolerant procedures for redundant computer systems

Real‐time computer systems deployed in life‐critical control applications must be designed to meet stringent reliability specifications. The minimum acceptable degree of reliability for systems of this type is ‘7 nines’, which is not generally achieved. This paper aims at contributing to the achievement of that degree of reliability. To this end, this paper proposes a classification scheme of the fault‐tolerant procedures for redundant computer systems (RCSs). The proposed classification scheme is developed on the basis of the number of counteracted fault types. Table I is created to relate the characteristics of the RCSs to the characteristics of the fault‐tolerant procedures. A selection algorithm is proposed, which allows designers to select the optimal type of fault‐tolerant procedures according to the system characteristics and capabilities. The fault‐tolerant procedure, which is selected by this algorithm, provides the required degree of reliability for a given RCS. According to the proposed graphical model only a part of the fault‐tolerant procedure is executed depending on the absence or presence (type and sort) of faults. The proposed methods allow designers to counteract Byzantine and non‐Byzantine fault types during degradation of RCSs from N to 3, and only the non‐Byzantine fault type during degradation from 3 to 1 with optimal checkpoint time period. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distributed secondary voltage regulation for autonomous microgrid

This research addresses the control problem of microgrids and presents a robust distributed secondary control system for voltage regulation of an islanded microgrid with droop-controlled and inverter-based distributed generators (DGs). A consensus-based distributed control approach is proposed to restore the voltage and frequency of the islanded microgrid to the reference values for all DGs within a very short time. The proposed method is flexible to system topology variations which aids the plug- and-play operation of microgrid. An autonomous micogrid test system consisting of four DGs is constructed in MATLAB using SimPowerSystem Toolbox to test the proposed design method, and the simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. The performance of the proposed controller is shown through several test case studies.
Localization of tumor‐reactive lymph node lymphocytes in vivo using radiolabeled monoclonal antibody

Background. Lymph node lymphocytes vary in their responsiveness to tumor. A technique has been developed that uses radiolabeled monoclonal antibody (MoAb) against the tumor‐associated mucin, TAG‐72, and a gamma‐detecting probe by which lymph nodes containing microscopic tumor and/or shed TAG‐72 can be identified in vivo. The immunologic characteristics of these lymph nodes were examined.
Embedded resources and knowledge transfer among R&D employees

Purpose – This paper suggests embedded resources as a new dimension of social capital and aims to prove its value in the knowledge transfer context. Design/methodology/approach – Hierarchical multiple regression was adopted to analyse survey responses from 337 R&D employees. Barron and Kenny's mediation test was also conducted to test an indirect effect of embedded resources. Findings – In addition to the traditional three dimensions of social capital, the embedded resources dimension showed direct and indirect effects on knowledge transfer. Additionally, cognitive similarity among R&D employees was from the professional tenure rather than company tenure. Research limitations/implications – Despite the limitations of cross-sectional study and R&D focused sample, this study successfully extended existing research on social capital in the knowledge transfer context by validating the role of embedded resources as a new dimension of social capital. Practical implications – Facilitating social networks among e.
Chlorhexidine with an anti discoloration system after periodontal flap surgery: a cross-over, randomized, triple-blind clinical trial.

UNLABELLED The use of chlorhexidine (CHX) has been recommended for a number of clinical applications including plaque control in the post-operative period. However, the use of CHX is burdened by some side effects that could affect the compliance of the patient. The aim of this clinical trial was to evaluate the side effects, the staining in particular, the patient acceptance, and the efficacy of a 0.2% CHX mouthwash containing an anti discoloration system (ADS) compared with a 0.2% CHX alone, after periodontal flap surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS This single-centre, cross-over, triple-blind randomized clinical trial was carried out on 48 consecutive patients. After periodontal flap surgery, the patients were prescribed to rinse two times per day for 1 min for 1 week with 10 ml of test or control CHX, contained in anonymous bottles coded K or M and assigned randomly. No brushing and interdental cleaning of the surgical area was allowed. At week 1, after suture removal, patients received full-mouth prophylaxis and were given a second anonymous bottle, reversing the products, with the same instructions as at baseline. Patients resumed tooth-brushing but not interdental cleaning. At the end of week 2, prophylaxis was repeated, mouth rinsing was discontinued and patients resumed normal oral hygiene. At weeks 1 and 2, the following variables were recorded: presence of pigmentation, gingival parameters at the surgically treated sites (gingival inflammation, tissue inflammation around the sutures, gingival swelling and presence of granulation tissue), patient perception and acceptance of the 2 mouthwashes. RESULTS Forty-seven patients completed the study. The difference between treatments related to gingival variables was not statistically significant. The test CHX caused consistently less pigmentations than the control CHX in all the evaluated areas of the dental surfaces (odds ratio (OR)=0.083 p<0.0001 in the incisal area, OR=0.036 p<0.0001 in the approximal area and OR=0.065 p<0.0001 in the gingival area). The CHX ADS was found to be more tolerated by patients than the control mouthwash and to cause less food alteration, less alterations to the perception of salt and to be less irritant for the oral tissues. CONCLUSIONS (1) CHX ADS caused less pigmentation, was burdened by less side effects and was more agreeable than the control CHX; (2) CHX ADS was as effective as CHX without ADS in reducing gingival signs of inflammation in the post-surgical early healing phase; (3) the use of CHX ADS could be of value in treatment protocols in which the patient compliance with a CHX mouthwash prescription is relevant.
Effects of Vinyl Ethylene Carbonate Additive on Elevated-Temperature Performance of Cathode Material in Lithium Ion Batteries

The addition of 2% vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC) into LiPF6/EC + DMC electrolyte can significantly improve the cyclic performance of a LiNi0.8Co0. 2O2/Li cell at elevated temperatures such as 50 °C. In situ electrochemical mass spectrometry (EMS) was used to investigate the gas evolution spectroscopy in the cell during a charge/discharge process with and without VEC additive. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet−visible (UV−vis), and liquid nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies were also carried out to investigate the reactions between various electrolyte components and VEC without the electrochemical reaction. We propose the possible polymerized products based on the spectroscopy and the acting mechanism of the VEC additives.
Proteins in excitable membranes.

Excitable membranes have the special ability of changing rapidly and reversibly their permeability to ions, thereby controlling the ion movements that carry the electric currents propagating nerve impulses. Acetylcholine (ACh) is the specific signal which is released by excitation and is recognized by a specific protein, the ACh-receptor; it induces a conformational change, triggering off a sequence of reactions resulting in increased permeability. The hydrolysis of ACh by ACh-esterase restores the barrier to ions. The enzymes hydrolyzing and forming ACh and the receptor protein are present in the various types of excitable membranes. Properties of the two proteins directly associated with electrical activity, receptor and esterase, will be described in this and subsequent lectures. ACh-esterase has been shown to be located within the excitable membranes. Potent enzyme inhibitors block electrical activity demonstrating the essential role in this function. The enzyme has been recently crystallized and some protein properties will be described. The monocellular electroplax preparation offers a uniquely favorable material for analyzing the properties of the ACh-receptor and its relation to function. The essential role of the receptor in electrical activity has been demonstrated with specific receptor inhibitors. Recent data show the basically similar role of ACh in the axonal and junctional membranes; the differences of electrical events and pharmacological actions are due to variations of shape, structural organization, and environment.