Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Thermal management of 3D IC integration with TSV (through silicon via)

Thermal performances of 3D stacked TSV (through silicon via) chips filled with copper are investigated based on heat-transfer CFD (computational fluid dynamic) analyses. Emphases are placed on the determination of (1) empirical equations for the equivalent thermal conductive of chips with various copper-filled TSV diameters, pitches, and aspect ratios, (2) the junction temperature and thermal resistance of 3D stacking of up to 8 TSV chips, and (3) the effect of thickness of the TSV chip on its hot spot temperature. Useful design charts and guidelines are provided for engineering practice convenient.
Phenotypic and Genotypic Heterogeneity of Campylobacter coli Within Individual Pigs at Farm and Slaughter in the US

The aim of this study was to determine the phenotypic and genotypic diversity of multiple Campylobacter isolates (n = 3 per sample) present within individual (heterogeneity) pig faecal and carcass samples at farm and slaughter, respectively. We isolated 1459 Campylobacter coli (1110 on farm and 349 from slaughter) from 908 pigs and 757 carcasses and characterized them for their antimicrobial susceptibility profile to a panel of six antimicrobials using the agar dilution method. Overall, we detected a significantly higher Campylobacter prevalence at the farm (54.7%) than at slaughter (19%) level (P < 0.05). C. coli isolates were resistant most commonly to tetracycline (66.2%) and erythromycin (53.6%) while fluoroquinolone resistance was detected in isolates (n = 17) only from the farm level. Phenotypic diversity of C. coli isolates at the 4‐fold minimum inhibitory concentration levels within the same sample was detected in 38.6% (n = 192) pigs and 40.2% (n = 58) carcass swabs with no significant difference between the two sources (P = 0.72). Phenotypic heterogeneity based on the antimicrobial resistance patterns was observed in 32.5% (n = 162) of the farm samples and in 30.5% (n = 44) carcass swabs at slaughter (P = 0.64). A subset of 40 isolates representing ten pigs and eight carcass samples (originating from separate pigs) were further genotyped by multi locus sequence typing. The observation of phenotypic diversity was replicated at the genotypic level, as it was highlighted by the 22 sequence types which represented the 40 isolates. In conclusion, we detected multiple C. coli subtypes from individual pig or carcass samples indicating unprecedented level of heterogeneity. Our study clearly signifies the importance of testing multiple colonies to make appropriate and valid conclusions in epidemiological‐based studies.
Detecting and Correcting for Head Movements in Neuromagnetic Measurements

Head movements during neuromagnetic measurements may cause a significant error in the estimated locations of active brain areas. In this study we present a fast method for measuring the head position while neuromagnetic data are acquired. We then compare two methods for removing the effect of the movements in neuromagnetic source estimation and magnetic field alignment: minimum-norm estimate alignment and forward calculation correction. Simulations and a test measurement show that the proposed head position measurement method works with millimeter precision and that incorporating the effect of the head movements into the magnetic field forward calculations is an efficient and a sufficiently accurate method for correcting for the head movements.
High dose intravenous immunoglobulin treatment: Mechanisms of action

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment was introduced as replacement therapy for patients with antibody deficiencies, but evidence suggests that a wide range of immune‐mediated conditions could benefit from IVIg. The immunoglobulins are precipitated from human plasma by fractionation methods. In conclusion, the differences in basic fractionation methods and the addition of various modifications for purification, stabilization, and virus inactivation result in products significantly different from each other. (Liver Transpl 2005;11:1469–1480.)
Boards, Governance and Value Creation: References

What is the role of boards in corporate governance? How should they be used and developed in order to maximise value creation? This book looks at boards in a variety of countries and contexts, from small firms to large corporations. It explores the working style of boards and how they can best achieve their task expectations. Board effectiveness and value creation are shown to be the results of interactions between owners, managers, board members and other actors. Board behaviour is thus seen to be a result of strategising, norms, board leadership, and the decision-making culture within the boardroom. Combining value creation, behavioural and ethical approaches to the study of boards, this work offers a systematic framework that will be of value to reflective practitioners, graduate students and researchers in the fields of business ethics, strategic management and corporate governance.
Overstimulation of PrPC Signaling Pathways by Prion Peptide 106-126 Causes Oxidative Injury of Bioaminergic Neuronal Cells*

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, also called prion diseases, are characterized by neuronal loss linked to the accumulation of PrPSc, a pathologic variant of the cellular prion protein (PrPC). Although the molecular and cellular bases of PrPSc-induced neuropathogenesis are not yet fully understood, increasing evidence supports the view that PrPSc accumulation interferes with PrPC normal function(s) in neurons. In the present work, we exploit the properties of PrP-(106-126), a synthetic peptide encompassing residues 106-126 of PrP, to investigate into the mechanisms sustaining prion-associated neuronal damage. This peptide shares many physicochemical properties with PrPSc and is neurotoxic in vitro and in vivo. We examined the impact of PrP-(106-126) exposure on 1C11 neuroepithelial cells, their neuronal progenies, and GT1-7 hypothalamic cells. This peptide triggers reactive oxygen species overflow, mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK1/2), and SAPK (p38 and JNK1/2) sustained activation, and apoptotic signals in 1C11-derived serotonergic and noradrenergic neuronal cells, while having no effect on 1C11 precursor and GT1-7 cells. The neurotoxic action of PrP-(106-126) relies on cell surface expression of PrPC, recruitment of a PrPC-Caveolin-Fyn signaling platform, and overstimulation of NADPH-oxidase activity. Altogether, these findings provide actual evidence that PrP-(106-126)-induced neuronal injury is caused by an amplification of PrPC-associated signaling responses, which notably promotes oxidative stress conditions. Distorsion of PrPC signaling in neuronal cells could hence represent a causal event in transmissible spongiform encephalopathy pathogenesis.
H2-suboptimal Iterative Learning Control for Continuous-Time System Identification

This paper shows a new design method of the noise tolerant iterative learning control (ILC) for continuous-time system identification. First, we review the noise tolerant ILC method proposed by the authors, which updates the input in the finite parameter space to achieve perfect tracking for given reference signal. Second, we propose the H2-suboptimal ILC design subject to the specified pole location constraint in terms of LMI (linear matrix inequalities). This method turns out to be effective to achieve smaller variance of the estimated system parameters, and specifies the convergence speed of the ILC based identification. Finally, the effectiveness is demonstrated through simulation in the presence of heavy noises
Complete Genome Sequence of Nervous Necrosis Virus Isolated from Sevenband Grouper (Epinephelus septemfasciatus) in South Korea

ABSTRACT The draft genome sequence of the nervous necrosis virus (NNV) SGYeosu08, isolated from sevenband grouper (Epinephelus septemfasciatus) in Yeosu, South Korea, was cloned and analyzed. The full-length RNA1 was a 3,103-nucleotide-encoding region of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and the RNA2 encoding a coat protein was 1,433 nucleotides in length. This genome sequence might be useful in the development of an accurate diagnostic tool.
Helminths of Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis) from the Kouchibouguac River, New Brunswick

trataterat carotid artery. Forehead skin was negative for m icrofilaniae. M icrofi! ariae were obtained from forehead skin of two fawns inoculated with 48 and 72 thirdstage larvae, respectively. Control animals were not infected with E. schneideri. This is the first report of E. schneideri in tabanids in the southeastern United States. Recovery of adults and microfilariae of E. schneideri following inoculation of white-tailed deer fawns with third-stage larvae obtained from T. 1. hinellus established this horsefly as a biological intermediate host of Elaeophora on South Island. Observations by two authors of this paper (CEC and VFN) of T. 1. hinellus feeding on the dorso-faciat region of captive white-tailed deer on South Island and a previous report of T. 1. hinellus feeding on deer in coastal Louisiana (Wilson et at., 1969, Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 62: 10431046) further establish this horsefly as a pest of white-tailed deer. Tabanus nigrovittatus seems to be tess important in the transmission of Elaeophora. Based on the literature and the findings of this study, E. schneideri wilt develop in a number of tabanids. Further research is indicated in enzootic areas, viz., Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina, to relate these findings to the epizootiology of etaeophorosis in the southeastern United States. Special thanks are extended to Mr. Robert L. Joyner, South Carolina Wildlife and Marine Resources Department, for invaluable assistance and encouragement during this project. Thanks also are extended to Dr. L. L. Pechuman, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, and Dr. C. B. Fairchild, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, for verifying the identity of T. 1. hinellus. The assistance of our colleagues, especially Mr. E. A. Rolbr, in trapping and dissecting horseflies is greatly appreciated.
An efficient experiment design helps to identify differential expressed genes (DEGs) in RNA-seq data in studies of plant qualitative traits

In this study, we conducted comparative transcriptome analysis between homozygous dominant parent and heterozygous F1 hybrid with homozygous recessive parent in qualitative trait study of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Two sets of near-isogenic lines (NILs) were used: one set of NILs carrying powdery mildew resistance and susceptible Pm2 alleles, the other set of NILs carrying different awn inhibition gene B1 alleles. The results demonstrated that 2,932 DEGs were identified between L031 (Pm2Pm2) and Chancellor (pm2pm2), while 1,494 DEGs presented between F1 hybrid (Pm2pm2) and Chancellor, the co-regulated DEGs were 1,028. For the wheat awn inhibition gene B1 test, 720 DEGs were identified between SN051-2 (B1B1) and SN051-1 (b1b1), and 231 DEGs were identified between F1 hybrid (B1b1) and SN051-1, the co-regulated DEGs were 180. Hierarchical clustering analysis of co-regulated DEGs showed that dominant parent and F1 hybrid were clustered as the nearest neighbors, while recessive parent showed an apparent departure. The results showed that the overlapping DEGs between dominant parent and F1 hybrid with recessive parent reduced the number of interested DEGs to only one-quarter (or one-third) of that between dominant and recessive parent, these overlapping loci could provide insights into molecular mechanisms that are affected by causal mutations.
Gene expression of gastric type mucin (MUC5AC) in pancreatic tumors: Its relationship with the biological behavior of the tumor

Previously it has been found that the MUC2 gene for intestinal type secretory mucin is highly expressed in intraductal papillary mucinous tumors (IPMT), which are characterized by non‐invasive growth and a favorable outcome. In contrast, MUC2 mRNA is rarely expressed in invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC), which have poor outcomes. The gastric type secretory mucin, MUC5AC, is strongly expressed in the surface mucous cells of gastric mucosa. As both MUC2 and MUC5AC mucins share the characteristics of forming highly viscous gels, it is expected that not only MUC2 mucin expression but also MUC5AC mucin expression may be associated with a favorable prognosis in patients with pancreatic tumors. MUC5AC mucin gene expression was examined in 24 cases of IPMT and 38 cases of IDC by in situ hybridization using a digoxigenin‐labeled oligonucleotide. The results were compared with MUC2 mucin gene expression. Neither MUC5AC mRNA nor MUC2 mRNA was detected in normal pancreatic tissues. MUC5AC mRNA was expressed in 20 of 24 cases of IPMT (83%) and in five of 38 cases of IDC (13%). In contrast, MUC2 mRNA was expressed in 14 of 24 cases of IPMT (58%) and in none of the 38 cases of IDC (0%). The expression rates of MUC5AC mRNA and MUC2 mRNA in IPMT were significantly higher than those in IDC (P < 0.001, respectively). Intraductal papillary mucinous tumors are characterized by three histological types: (i) villous dark cell type; (ii) papillary clear cell type; and (iii) compact cell type. The villous dark cell type generally expressed both MUC5AC+ and MUC2+ genes. Alternatively, the papillary clear cell type and the compact cell type usually showed MUC5AC+ and MUC2− expression. Patients with MUC5AC mRNA expression had a significantly better survival prognosis than those with no MUC5AC mRNA expression (P < 0.005). In conclusion, MUC5AC gene expression occurs in a majority of IPMT cases, even in those with no MUC2 production. MUC5AC expression can be correlated with tumors that demonstrate an expansive growth pattern and lower levels of invasion and metastasis.
Smart Biologics For Crop Protection in Agricultural Systems

Crop losses caused by insects, pests, and pathogens remain one of the major problems in sustainable agriculture. Environmental and health concerns regarding the overuse of pesticides, and the impacts of climate change on epidemics are immediate pressing issues. In addition, the breakdown of plant resistance by pathogen populations brings limitations to the genetic control of diseases. Biologics can be effective in all types of agricultural systems including organic, sustainable, and conventional. Beneficial microorganisms including Bacillus and Trichoderma species have been employed as environmentally safe biopesticides. Molecular and proteomic studies on biopesticides have revealed the nature of antibiotics, secreted enzymes, and inhibitory compounds. This review focuses on the current knowledge regarding biological agents and their metabolites including quorum-sensing molecules and volatile compounds, and how they can be used in pest and disease management programs.
Transfer Pricing and Tax Havens for Attracting FDI

Enterprises seek profit maximization that comprises tax optimization which, within multinationals, includes the shifting of profits from the less to the most favorable countries using transfer pricing of intra-group transactions and tax havens as the “middle man”. Because FDI is an important engine of economic growth of, at least, the less developed countries and multilateral agreements impose limitations on the allocation of direct subsidies to businesses, in our research we explore the hypothesis that countries could use the relaxation of regulation on transfer pricing as a fiscal policy instrument for attracting FDI. Using a good composed of two parts, the brand and the hardware, and consumers with concave utility on the brand, we conclude that countries can use the relaxation of regulatory acceptance of transfer pricing to attract FDI when 1) the creation and development of the brand is an important part in the total cost of the good and 2) the increase in production costs of relocating the production from the most to the less developed country is not very large. Our results seem in accordance with empirical evidence.
EFFECTS OF SOIL TEMPERATURE AND LIGHT INTENSITY ON ROOT GROWTH OF LOBLOLLY PINE SEEDLINGS.

made under controlled conditions. Reed noted a marked reduction in root growth during the time when soil temperatures were lowest and also at times when the soil was driest. Turner's data also indicate this same general trend. It was, therefore, decided to measure root growth of loblolly pine under controlled conditions to find whether or not a definite and perhaps quantitative relationship to soil temperature and other factors could be shown. Materials and methods Two series of experiments were performed, the first during the spring and summer of 1941, the second during the winter of 1946. The seedlings need in 1941 were grown from seed collected in North Carolina in 1940, and the seedlings used in 1946 were grown from seed collected in Louisiana in 1945. The seedlings were grown in glass tubes about two inches in diameter and 18 inches long. These tubes were closed at the lower end with rubber stoppers and a layer of cinders placed over the stoppers. The tubes were then filled with a loamy greenhouse soil, which was kept wetted to field capacity. Although the soil was heated in an electric sterilizer before use, it still contained two species of small animals, a nematode and a collembolan. Neither seemed to be harmful; apparently they fed only on dead tissue sloughing off the roots. The collembolans may have aided in aeration by opening small passageways in the soil. The soil atmosphere in the tubes was analyzed with a Haldane apparatus and found to have approximately the same concentration of oxygen as the outside air. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the soil was somewhat higher than outside. The average amount was 1.0% and the maximum 2.88%. Cannon and Free (? ) reported that for several species there was no detrimental effect on root growth of 20% or more carbon dioxide if oxygen were not deficient. Since the soil atmosphere normally contains more carbon dioxide than ordinary atmosphere and excesses from 0.2 to 5% are not unusual (28), it is believed that growth was not abnormally influenced by deficient oxygen or by an excess of carbon dioxide. 146
Regional gazelles and lions as creative creatures: a meta-multicriteria analysis of innovation and growth potentials of European regions

Creative regions are nowadays seen as strategic areas for a fierce – and often global – competition. This paper aims to provide an operational assessment framework for judging the innovation potential of competing regions on the basis of indicators that mirror the indigenous regional creative resources. Various evaluation methods are proposed to assess this innovation potential, on the basis of a set of 9 regions in Europe. The robustness of the findings is tested by applying a meta-multicriteria analysis.
[Effect of some biotic elicitors on flavonoids production in Digitalis lanata cell cultures].

UNLABELLED A method to improve the secondary metabolites production in plant cell cultures is the use of elicitors (biotic or abiotic). In this paper we investigated the effect of two biotic elicitors, Botrytis and Sclerotinia, on the flavonoids production, an important category of secondary metabolites, in Digitalis lanata suspension cultures. MATERIAL AND METHOD Were used two cell lines: line 11 and line 13C 100 (aged 10 days). Were used two concentrations of elicitors (1 ml and 2 ml/100 ml suspension, respectively). Flavones were determined by a spectrophotometric method, according to Romanian Pharmacopoeia no. X (Cynarae Folium monography). RESULTS For both cell lines and for both elicitors, flavonoids accumulation grew with elicitation time and elicitor concentration. The highest flavonoids production took place after 96 hours elicitation time for the highest elicitor . concentration (2ml/100ml suspension). So, line 11 accumulated 1000 mg% flavonoids with Botrytis and 999.81 mg% with Sclerotinia. Line 13C 100 accumulated 1051,65 mg% flavonoids with Botrytis and 1025,43 mg% with Sclerotinia. For all experiments, Botrytis (both concentration) induced a higher flavonoids accumulation for line 11 than Sclerotinia. Line 13C 100 responses to elicitor action is stronger for Sclerotinia for higher elicitor concentration than for same concentration of Botrytis.
T cell apoptosis in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection: is there a relationship between CD95 sensitivity and thymic regeneration of CD4+ T cells?

Figure 1. Specific anti-CD95–induced apoptosis of freshly isolated CD4 peripheral blood T cells from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1–infected children and adolescents, after h of in vitro 21 1 culture. Details have been published elsewhere regarding the patient cohort [4] and laboratory methods [5]. Antiretroviral therapy had not been changed during the 6 months preceding measurement of apoptosis. A, CD95-induced apoptosis was very low in CD4 T cells from 15 patients treated with HIV protease inhibitors (highly active antiretroviral therapy), irrespective of HIV-1 plasma loads ( , 2500 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL, ; , 12500 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL, ). B, CD95-induced apopn p 6 n p 9 tosis of CD4 T cells increased with decreasing CD4 cell counts in 13 patients treated with 2 HIV-1 reverse-transcriptase inhibitors alone ( , 2500 HIV-1 RNA copies/mL, ; , 12500 HIV-1 RNA copies/ n p 6 mL, ). Both groups of patients had similar mean CD4 cell counts n p 7 and median HIV RNA levels in plasma [4]. T Cell Apoptosis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection: Is There a Relationship between CD95 Sensitivity and Thymic Regeneration of CD4 T Cells?
Intersensory Integration of Spatial Position during Early Childhood

The research concerned correspondences of elementary attributes of spatial position (up-down, inside-outside, and upright vs upside-down) between haptic and visual sense-modalities by young children. Ss between the ages of 3 to 6 made cross-modal Sameness-Difference judgments and recognition matches in which accuracy required differentiating spatial position. Ss aged 3 and 4 yr. showed little accuracy in Sameness-Difference judgments, whereas significant increases in accuracy were found by ages 5 and 6. Results are discussed in terms of developments in perceptual activity and the process of intersensory integration.
FDI vs. Exports: Accounting for Differences in Export-Sales Intensities

Industry level data shows striking differences among sectors in ratios of exports to FDI sales. We determine what is needed to endogenously generate this pattern of export and FDI sales. By calibrating a model of monopolistic competitive firms, we find that tradability of goods is not enough to capture the observed sectoral differences, as is commonly assumed. We explore variants of the model and show that sector-specific taxes on multinationals and home bias allow us to replicate these differences.
Curved Silicon Micromirror for Linear Displacement-to-Angle Conversion With Uniform Spot Size

This paper reports a novel class of deeply etched curved micromirrors enabling linear conversion between the reflection angle of incident light beam and displacement of the beam axis with respect to the curved mirror principal axis. Moreover, the mirror provides phase-transformation of the light beam independent of the inclination angle of the incident light on the mirror surface. The micromirrors are fabricated on SOI substrate by deep reactive ion etching technology. The profile of the curved surface is optimized and controlled precisely, thanks to the photolithographic process. High optical throughput micromirrors exhibiting submillimeter focal lengths are fabricated with 200-μm etching depth and with a sidewall angle deviation from perfect verticality, which is smaller than 0.1°. Optical measurements at wavelengths of 675 and 1550 nm show transformation of the optical beam with high optical spot size stability during a beam steering process with less than ±5% dependence on the inclination/reflection angle over a scanning angle range of 120°. The presented micromirror has applications in MEMS scanners, displacement/rotation sensing, and optical imaging.