Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Respiratory effects of diving.

formerly mainly the province of neurologists, orthopaedic surgeons and specialist accident services. They are now also of concern to chest physicians. This editorial explains why, and highlights important new research from Norway, published in this issue of The Journal [1], which indicates ways of preventing what might still be a cause of chronic respiratory disease. Commercial deep sea diving offers adventure and high wages, but little job security. Divers are usually employed by diving support companies, that have made huge investments in sophisticated equipment. The companies now mainly engage experienced men, and use them intensively, so that fewer jobs are becoming available. Many divers are more than 40 yrs old, and yet are reluctant to change to less arduous occupations. Thus, the divers and the companies share an interest in adopting work schedules which maximize the short-term profit. The schedules might give rise to chronic ill health, but this possibility has been of less concern than that the dives are not complicated by acute illnesses. Acute complications can include atelectasis due to an obstructed airway, barotrauma from expansion of gas present somewhere in the respiratory tract, and "bends" or "chokes" from bubbles of nitrogen which can form in the tissues or blood stream during decompression. In the longer term, bubbles can cause avascular necrosis of some bones; they may also cause degenerative changes in the brain, spinal cord and retina [2], but the possible association with diving has not been confirmed by controlled studies. The lungs can be affected in other ways. Amongst divers attending for their routine medical examination, there is a positive association between diving exposure and the annual change in forced vital capacity [3], and a negative association between diving exposure and the annual change in forced expiratory flow at a small lung volume [4]. The increase in lung size is usually attributed to training of the respiratory muscles by increased airway and extrathoracic resistance's during the dives. The changes are reversible, and their main clinical relevance is as possible obstacles to the diagnosis of other respiratory conditions. The aetiology and clinical significance of what appears to be small airway disease is unknown. Saturation dives to depths in excess of 50 m can entail equilibration of body tissues with gas mixtures containing helium, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen or other Eur Respir J, 1994, 7, 2–3 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.94. 07010002 Printed in UK all rights reserved
Kean Garibaldi personal value stages; as a new framework and a new taxonomic value of the company for the highly effective performance of employee and staffing

Determination of corporate values by the management of its employees, often as vague and not patterned for the benefit of the employees themselves. The existing determination can even be a question of, what is the meaning and correlation of the value set by what the employee should do. Conversely, if the determination of value can be done with the right pattern, this can be a thing that supports the achievement of organizational goals to be more productive. Kean Garibaldi Personal Value Stages ; Offers an alternative solution as a new framework and a new taxonomic problem applying corporate values to for highly Effective for staffing and employee performance. The first stages begins with the self-satisfaction of high, the second stages is Measure the performance of self through appreciation, the third is Social acceptance is fun, fourth is a sense of tranquility, while the last is the fulfillment of basic needs. The function of the personal value step of this, can be used as a basis in, 1) An effective value-setting technical application framework that inspires employee performance improvement. 2) An organizational framework that facilitates an understanding of the value set 3) support for human resources staffing process.
Psychophysical and electrophysiologic support for a left hemisphere temporal processing advantage.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate cerebral asymmetries for the detection of brief temporal events in a group of 22 dextrals using psychophysical measures. BACKGROUND By combining electrophysiologic and psychophysical measures, it should be possible to demonstrate that the right ear advantage reported in previous studies is the result of a left hemisphere temporal processing advantage rather than a rightward attentional bias. METHOD Bursts of white noise lasting 300 milliseconds were delivered unilaterally to the participants' ears. Half of the stimuli contained a gap lasting either 4 or 6 milliseconds. Participants indicated whether or not the noise burst contained a gap. Asymmetries in alpha and beta activity at left and right temporal lobe sites were measured during the task. RESULTS The psychophysical data confirmed previous reports of faster response times (RTs) and lower levels of error for the right ear (RE). There was no asymmetry in alpha activity between the left and right temporal lobes; however, there was a higher level of beta activity in the left temporal lobe. CONCLUSIONS The electrophysiological data suggest that the perceptual asymmetry is not the result of a nonspecific rightward attentional bias but that of a left hemisphere specialization for the detection of brief temporal events. The relation between atypical temporal processing asymmetries and developmental learning disorders is discussed.
Normalization of personality characteristics in patients with incapacitating anxiety disorders after capsulotomy

The personality characteristics of 24 consecutive patients undergoing psycho‐surgery for incapacitating anxiety disorders were assessed prospectively using a self‐report personality inventory. The main findings were: absence of negative personality changes after surgery, significant postoperative changes towards normalization on the majority of the scales, and significant symptomatic relief in 80% of the cases. The changes on scales reflecting anxiety proneness were conspicuous in patients suffering from “pure” anxiety disorders, as compared with those suffering from obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD). In OCD patients, correlations were obtained between changes in brain metabolism studied with positron emission tomography and changes in personality scores. It is concluded that negative personality changes are not likely to occur after capsulotomy.
Simple method to estimate daily sodium intake during measurement of dialysis adequacy in chronic peritoneal dialysis patients.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Restriction of dietary sodium intake for peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients is recommended, but there is limited information on the measurement and monitoring of sodium intake. We have developed a simple method to estimate daily sodium intake during the measurement of dialysis adequacy in PD patients. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN A total of 83 PD patients were enrolled in the study. The patients were divided into two groups based on residual renal function (RRF). We measured total sodium removal and estimated daily sodium intake using dietary recall for one day, during the assessment of dialysis adequacy. RESULTS There were 39 patients in the RRF(-) group and 44 in the RRF(+) group. In both groups, and all patients, there were significant positive correlations between sodium intake and total sodium removal: RRF(-) group, r=0.598; RRF(+) group, r=0.577; total patients, r=0.595. There were linear relationships between dietary sodium intake and total sodium removal in both groups: RRF(-) group, sodium intake (mg/d) = 19.3 × peritoneal sodium removal (mEq/d) + 211;RRF(+) group, sodium intake (mg/d) = 15.4 × total sodium removal (mEq/d) + 609. All PD patients, sodium intake (mg/d) = 15.6 × total sodium removal (mEq/d) + 646. CONCLUSIONS The measurement of total sodium removal during the assessment of dialysis adequacy could be an effective and simple method to estimate dietary sodium intake in PD patients. A dietary intake of 2,000 mg of sodium corresponds to a total sodium removal of approximately 87 mEq/d.
Therapies for triple negative breast cancer

Introduction: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease associated with a high risk of recurrence, and therapeutic options are currently limited to cytotoxic therapy. Germ-line mutations may occur in up to 20% of unselected patients with TNBC, which may serve as a biomarker identifying which patients may have tumors that are particularly sensitive to platinums and/or inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase. A substantial proportion of patients with TNBCs not associated with germ-line BRCA mutations may have tumors that are ‘BRCA-like’, rendering those individuals potential candidates for similar strategies. Areas covered: The purpose of this review is to highlight the current standard and experimental treatment strategies. Expert opinion: Recent research that has illuminated the molecular heterogeneity of the disease rationalizes its diverse biological behavior and differential response to chemotherapy. Modern technology platforms provide molecular signatures that can be mined for therapeatic interventions. Target pathways that are commonly dysregulated in cancer cells control cellular processes such as apoptosis, proliferation, angiogenesis, DNA repair, cell cycle progression, immune modulation and invasion, and metastasis. Novel trial design and re-defined endpoints as surrogates to clinical outcome have been introduced to expedite the development of breakthrough therapies to treat high-risk early-stage breast cancer.
The Impact of Management Practices on Employee Productivity: A Field Experiment with Airline Captains

Increasing evidence indicates the importance of management in determining firms' productivity. Yet causal evidence regarding the effectiveness of management practices is scarce, especially for skilled labor in the developed world. In a field experiment measuring commercial airline captains’ productivity, we test four distinct management practices: performance monitoring, performance feedback, target setting, and prosocial incentives. These practices—particularly monitoring and target setting—significantly increase captains' productivity on the targeted fuel-saving dimensions, with positive spillovers on job satisfaction and CO2 emissions. The study reveals an uncharted research opportunity to delve into the black box of firms to examine the determinants of productivity among skilled labor.
Lipoxygenase Pathway Receptor Expression in Ovarian Cancer

Objective: To determine the expression of lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway receptors in ovarian cancer as a potential target for anti-LOX—based therapy. Study design: Paraffin-embedded tumor samples from epithelial ovarian cancer patients were used to construct tissue microarrays to stain for the proposed sites of inhibition of a LOX inhibitor (5-LOX, LTB4-BLT1, and LTB4-BLT2). Results: 245 samples were available for interpretation. Strong expression was demonstrated in 45%, 34%, and 6% of ovarian cancer for LTB4-BLT2, LTB4-BLT1, and 5-LOX, respectively. Expression of LTB4-BLT2 correlated with advanced stage III/IV disease (P = .05), suboptimal debulking (P = .07), and platinum resistance (P = .03). No correlation was seen with regard to disease-free survival. Conclusions: LOX pathway receptor expression was found in the majority of cancers evaluated. Additionally, LTB4-BLT2 expression portends worse clinical parameters for ovarian cancer. Thus, further investigation on the role of LOX pathway in ovarian cancer is warranted.
Etude des différents signaux d'activation de l'inflammasome dans les monocytes/macrophages : implication dans la réponse inflammatoire vis-à-vis des nanotubes de carbone et de Leishmania infantum

La vision de l'immunite en tant qu'entite discriminant les elements du soi a proteger et du non soi a combattre a evolue ces dernieres annees avec la decouverte des signaux de dangers endogenes et certains de leurs recepteurs associes. Ainsi, toute condition pouvant etre deletere pour l'hote, associee a une emission de signaux de dangers endogenes, est susceptible de produire une reaction immunitaire mobilisant les acteurs capable de promouvoir un retour a l'homeostasie. La reponse inflammatoire est initiee par le systeme immunitaire inne suite a la reconnaissance de signaux de danger d'origines exogenes et endogenes. Les macrophages, de part l'expression d'un large spectre de recepteurs et leur position strategique dans les tissus jouent un role preponderant dans la mise en place de cette reponse. L'exposition repetee a des particules environnementales comme l'amiante se traduit par la mise en place d'une reaction inflammatoire sterile et chronique qui s'avere etre extremement deletere pour l'organisme et dans laquelle les macrophages jouent un role a la fois d'initiation et d'entretiens. L'etude de l'impact de nanoparticules manufacturees, les DWCNTs, sur la reponse inflammatoire des macrophages nous a conduits a isoler un complexe cytoplasmique, l'inflammasome Nlrp3. L'activation de l'inflammasome Nlrp3 se traduit par l'activation de la protease caspase-1 et conduit a la liberation specifique d'IL-1s et d'IL-18, cytokines hautement inflammatoires. Nous avons ainsi isole l'efflux de potassium, le processus de phagocytose, la maturation de phagosome et la cathepsine-B comme des signaux de dangers cellulaires responsables de l'activation de l'inflammasome Nlrp3 en reponse a ces nanoparticules. Ce travail est publie dans le journal Nanomedicine. Dans la seconde partie de ce travail, nous nous sommes interesses aux mecanismes moleculaires d'activation de l'inflammasome par un agent pathogenique, le parasite Leishmania infantum(L.i) responsable de la Leishmaniose viscerale. Nos resultats demontrent que L.i est capable d'induire la secretion d'IL-s selon un processus necessitant la protease caspase-1 via l'engagement du recepteur membranaire Lectine de type C, Dectine-1. Nous isolons ainsi la tyrosine kinase Syk, le processus de phagocytose et les ROS comme signaux de dangers capables d'induire l'activation de la caspase-1 et la secretion d'IL-1 beta. Ce travail est actuellement soumis pour publication. Au final, l'ensemble des donnees de ce manuscrit temoignent de la capacite originale de l'inflammasome a reconnaitre des signaux de stress cellulaire induits par des elements d'origine et de proprietes differentes. Cela se traduit par la liberation d'IL-1 beta dans les macrophages et le developpement d'une reponse inflammatoire.
CARBON AND NUTRIENT ACCUMULATION IN SECONDARY FORESTS REGENERATING ON PASTURES IN CENTRAL AMAZONIA

Over the past three decades, large expanses of forest in the Amazon Basin were converted to pasture, many of which later degraded to woody fallows and were abandoned. While the majority of tropical secondary forest (SF) studies have examined post-deforestation or post-agricultural succession, we examined post-pasture forest recovery in 10 forests ranging in age from 0 to 14 years since abandonment. We measured above- ground biomass and soil nutrients to 45 cm depth and computed total site carbon (C) and nutrient stocks to gain an understanding of the dynamics of nutrient and C buildup in regenerating SF in central Amazonia. Aboveground biomass accrual was rapid, 11.0 Mg·ha 21 ·yr 21 , in the young SFs. Within 12-14 yr, they accumulated up to 128.1 Mg/ha of dry aboveground biomass, equivalent to 25-50% of primary forest biomass in the region. Wood nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations decreased with forest age. Aboveground P and calcium (Ca) stocks accu- mulated at a rate of 1.2 and 29.4 kg·ha 21 ·yr 21 ; extractable soil P stocks declined as forest age increased. Although soil stocks of exchangeable Ca (207.0 6 23.7 kg/ha) and extractable P (8.3 6 1.5 kg/ha) were low in the first 45 cm, both were rapidly translocated from soil to plant pools. Soil N stocks increased with forest age, probably due to N fixation, at- mospheric deposition, and/or subsoil mining. Total soil C storage to 45 cm depth ranged between 42 and 84 Mg/ha, with the first 15 cm storing 40-45% of the total. Total C accrual (7.04 Mg C·ha 21 ·yr 21 ) in both aboveground and soil pools was similar or higher than values reported in other studies. Tropical SFs regrowing on lightly to moderately used pasture rapidly sequester C and rebuild total nutrient capital following pasture abandonment. Translocation of some nutrients from deep soil (.45 cm depth) may be important to sustaining productivity and continuing biomass ac- cumulation in these forests. The soil pool represents the greatest potential for long-term C gains; however, soil nutrient deficits may limit future productivity.
An on-chip process control monitor for process variability measurements in nanometer technologies

Process variability has become a fundamental challenge in nanometer technologies. This trend is driven by Moore's law, which governs the exponential growth of transistors in ICs, the low-power requirements of mobile devices (i.e., Vdd ≪ 1V), and the shrinking geometries of advanced technologies reaching the sub-nanometer dimensions. Understanding process variability is therefore key to successfully designing ultra low-power multi-million gate SoCs. An all-digital on-chip process control-monitor (PCM) that measures process variability is described. It is implemented in a 65nm dual-oxide triple-Vt bulk CMOS process and it measures 0.41mm2.
The Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment and The Moderating Role of Service Climate

This study aims to predict the effect of job satisfaction on knowledge sharing behavior. At the same time, it aims to predict the moderation role of service climate as well as the mediation role of organizational commitment. Based on the results of this research, organizational commitment has a significant positive effect on knowledge sharing behavior. Based on this, organizational commitment has a full mediation effect on the influence of job satisfaction on knowledge sharing behavior. Service Climate does not moderate the effect of job satisfaction on knowledge sharing behavior. The implications of this study indicate that with the increase in job satisfaction, organizational commitment will also increase. Knowledge sharing behavior can be achieved by organizational commitment. Climate service has no moderation role between job satisfaction and knowledge sharing behavior.
Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Latency-Associated Nuclear Antigen Interacts with Bromodomain Protein Brd4 on Host Mitotic Chromosomes

ABSTRACT The latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is required for viral episome maintenance in host cells during latent infection. Two regions of the protein have been implicated in tethering LANA/viral episomes to the host mitotic chromosomes, and LANA chromosome-binding sites are subjects of high interest. Because previous studies had identified bromodomain protein Brd4 as the mitotic chromosome anchor for the bovine papillomavirus E2 protein, which tethers the viral episomes to host mitotic chromosomes (J. You, J. L. Croyle, A. Nishimura, K. Ozato, and P. M. Howley, Cell 117:349-360, 2004, and J. You, M. R. Schweiger, and P. M. Howley, J. Virol. 79:14956-14961, 2005), we examined whether KSHV LANA interacts with Brd4. We found that LANA binds Brd4 in vivo and in vitro and that the binding is mediated by a direct protein-protein interaction between the ET (extraterminal) domain of Brd4 and a carboxyl-terminal region of LANA previously implicated in chromosome binding. Brd4 associates with mitotic chromosomes throughout mitosis and demonstrates a strong colocalization with LANA and the KSHV episomes on host mitotic chromosomes. Although another bromodomain protein, RING3/Brd2, binds to LANA in a similar fashion in vitro, it is largely excluded from the mitotic chromosomes in KSHV-uninfected cells and is partially recruited to the chromosomes in KSHV-infected cells. These data identify Brd4 as an interacting protein for the carboxyl terminus of LANA on mitotic chromosomes and suggest distinct functional roles for the two bromodomain proteins RING3/Brd2 and Brd4 in LANA binding. Additionally, because Brd4 has recently been shown to have a role in transcription, we examined whether Brd4 can regulate the CDK2 promoter, which can be transactivated by LANA.
Levosimendan as a new strategy during off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial.

AIM To determine if levosimendan could improve cardiac performance during off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with normal preoperative left ventricular function. METHODS Twenty-four patients included in this double-blind randomized controlled trial received either placebo (n=12) or 12 microg/kg loading dose of levosimendan (n=12) during a period of 15 minutes before the surgery. The heart rate, cardiac index, stroke volume index, and left ventricular ejection fraction were measured before and 10 and 60 minutes after the drug administration. RESULTS The baseline measurements of hemodynamic parameters did not differ between the groups. Heart rate was not significantly different between the placebo and levosimendan group. Compared with placebo group, cardiac index and left ventricular ejection fraction were significantly higher 10 and 60 minutes (p=0.018 for all) after administration of levosimendan. After 60 minutes, the cardiac index increased from the baseline value of 2.18 to 2.84 L/min/m2. Left ventricular ejection fraction increased by 14% after 10 minutes, and by 10% after 60 minutes. Stroke volume index was significantly higher at 10 minutes (p=0.018), but not at 60 minutes (p=0.063) after the administration of levosimendan. CONCLUSION Administration of 12 microg/kg of levosimendan enhances the left ventricular performance and offers a promising therapeutic option during off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with good preoperative left ventricular function.
Recurrent herpes simplex after corneal transplantation in rats.

PURPOSE To ascertain the effect of trauma from surgery and rejection on the incidence and timing of recurrent herpes simplex virus (HSV) disease after corneal transplantation. To locate virus antigen and identify cells of the immune system infiltrating corneas with recurrent disease. METHODS PVG rats were inoculated on the cornea with HSV-1 McKrae. Recurrent disease was induced either by ultraviolet (UV)-irradiation of the cornea or by corneal transplantation. After corneal transplantation, animals shedding virus in the tear film were killed on days 1 to 4 of shedding. Eyes were fixed, embedded, sectioned, and stained for virus antigens, infiltrating cells, major histocompatibility complex class II, and adhesion molecule molecule expression. RESULTS In the first 15 days after corneal transplantation, 8 of 91 rats shed virus, and between days 16 and 30, an additional 3 of 60 rats shed virus (12% of total rats, comparable to the percent that shed after UV irradiation). Shedding sometimes was accompanied by punctate epithelial lesions in the recipient cornea and stromal opacity. The rejection process itself did not induce or exacerbate recurrent disease. In all corneas examined from eyes that shed virus, antigen was found in several locations at the graft-host junction, sometimes in the absence of clinical signs of disease, and frequently it extended through the stroma to the endothelium. Granulocytes were the main infiltrating cell in areas of virus antigen. CONCLUSIONS Corneal transplantation trauma is a stimulus to recurrent disease of similar potency to UV irradiation. The graft-host junction is an area in which virus spreads easily and can reach the endothelium readily. In humans, the incidence of recurrent disease at this location may be greater than has been recognized.