Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Monitoring landed seahorse catch in a changing policy environment

For many small-scale, tropical reef fisheries, landed catch may be the only data that can be monitored to assess the impacts of management. This is true for seahorses Hippocampus comes that are obtained as part of a multi-species fishery in the Philippines. Here, because sea- horses are locally rare and depleted, it is difficult to attain large enough sample sizes to detect changes over time using underwater surveys. We assessed changes in seahorse sales at 2 sites, from 1996 and 2005 respectively to 2010. The study period covered local and national conserva- tion initiatives that could affect seahorses and dependent fisheries: establishment of marine reserves (1998 onwards), a community-led minimum size limit (MSL: 2002 to 2004) and a national ban on seahorse fishing (from 2004). The MSL appeared to lead to increased sizes of seahorses in trade, as hoped, while the national ban led, perversely, to more fishers selling seahorses. Declines in overall take after 2004 or 2007 (depending on the site) is likely linked to declining seahorse pop- ulations rather than reduced effort, especially when one considers the increased number of fishers and the price per seahorse. It is notable that communities decided on the MSL, whereas the gov- ernment imposed the ban on capturing seahorses. In this small-scale, multi-species fishery, moni- toring a wide range of variables intensively over a relatively long time scale allowed us to identify key differences between small-scale and industrial fisheries management, and also to document the biological and social consequences of management action for a depleted, threatened species.
An Evaluation of the Active Fracture Concept in Modeling Unsaturated Flow and Transport in a Fractured Meter‐Sized Block of Rock

Numerical simulation is an effective and economical method for optimally designing laboratory experiments and deriving practical experimental conditions. We executed a detailed numerical simulation study to examine the active fracture concept (AFC) using a 1‐m3‐sized block model. The numerical simulations for this study were performed by applying various experimental conditions, including different bottom flow boundaries, varying injection rates, and different fracture–matrix interaction (i.e., by increasing absolute matrix permeability at the fracture–matrix boundary) for a larger fracture interaction under transient or balanced‐state flow regimes. Two conceptual block models were developed based on different numerical approaches: a two‐dimensional discrete‐fracture‐network model (DFNM) and a one‐dimensional dual‐continuum model (DCM). The DFNM was used as a surrogate for a natural block to produce synthetic breakthrough curves of water and tracer concentration under transient or balanced‐state conditions. The DCM is the approach typically used for the Yucca Mountain Project because of its computational efficiency. The AFC was incorporated into the DCM to capture heterogeneous flow patterns that occur in unsaturated fractured rocks. The simulation results from the DCM were compared with the results from the DFNM to determine whether the DCM could predict the water flow and tracer transport observed in the DFNM at the scale of the experiment. It was found that implementing the AFC in the DCM improved the prediction of unsaturated flow and that the flow and transport experiments with low injection rates in the DFNM compared better with the AFC implemented DCM at the 1‐m3 scale. However, the estimated AFC parameter varied from 0.38 to 1.0 with different flow conditions, suggesting that the AFC parameter was not sufficient to fully capture the complexity of the flow processes in a 1‐m3 discrete fracture network.
Design of Lane Departure Warning System Based on ADSP-BF561

Aiming at the problem of more and more traffic accidents which are caused by the driver behaviors, this paper designs a lane departure warning system based on the ADSP-BF561 processor. Vision sensor is used to capture road images, while the driving parameters are collected by the microprocessor. The lane marking detection speed can be more than 25 frames per second. The system is equipped with the test vehicle for hundreds of kilometers on highway, and the results show that this system has a better efficiency and feasibility.
Effect of using different number and type of records from different generations as reference population on the accuracy of genomic evaluation

Abstract. One important question about genomic evaluation is how distance between generations of individuals in reference population and selection candidates, would affect the accuracy of genomic estimated breeding value of selection candidates. There were two schemes in the present study. In first scheme, for each individual a genome consisting 30 chromosomes each with 100 equally spaced single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and in second scheme a genome consisting 3 chromosomes each with 1000 equally spaced SNPs was simulated. To generate enough linkage disequilibrium between loci, random mating for 50 generations was done in a finite population. In generation 51, population size was expanded to 250 individuals. This structure was continued until generation 55. Individuals in generation 55 were juvenile and did not have phenotypic records and were selection candidates. Heritability was assumed to be 0.3. Our results showed using information from more distant generations would decrease accuracy of genomic estimated breeding values of selection candidates but in scheme in which marker distance was 1 centimorgan, increasing generation number between reference population and selection candidates would decrease accuracy more than scheme in which marker distance was 0.1 centimorgan. According to our results using EBVs of reference population instead of phenotypic records would increase accuracy extremely.
Environmental Impact Assessment in Sustainable Water Resources Development: Major Issues of Consideration

The sustainable development of water resources is a multi-dimensional way of thinking about the connections or interdependencies among natural, social, and economic systems in the use of water. The purpose of environmental impact assessment is to guarantee a sustainable development that is in harmony with human welfare and the conservation of ecosystems and hence it should be clearly understood by all concerned. The main purpose of this paper is to review the current level of understanding of environmental impact assessment of water resources development; to assess the major challenges to sustainable environmental systems from water resources development perspectives, and to identify major environmental issues that need to be considered in sustainable water resources planning and development. During project study and design, major environmental impacts of water resources development should be identified and made available for decision makers and the public. In the arena of Integrated Water Resources Management, the environment should be considered as one of the legitimate users of water, and allotted reasonable amount of water for its sustainability. Hence, environmental flows assessment should be a mandatory condition for granting permission for project construction. Besides, as catastrophic flood events resulting from dam breaches are enormous, performing dam breach flood wave propagation and inundation mapping during the design phase of the project would support timely decision on the fate of the project or identifying mitigating measures to be taken. In the instances of shortage of geographic data, remotely sensed data can be analysed in GIS environment to generate data and map the information. Simulation models, coupled to GIS, would add GIS layers to provide clarity of impacts. To bring about environmental integrity of water resources development, the major challenges like population pressure, climate change, lack of proper planning and integration, policies and institutional arrangements should be properly addressed. Keywords : Environmental impact; assessment; Sustainability; Integration; Water resources; Development; Environmental flows; Dam breach
Climate of the Past Initiation of a Marinoan Snowball Earth in a state-ofthe-art atmosphere-ocean general circulation model

We study the initiation of a Marinoan Snowball Earth (∼635 million years before present) with the state-of-the-art atmosphere-ocean general circulation model ECHAM5/MPI-OM. This is the most sophisticated model ever applied to Snowball initiation. A comparison with a preindustrial control climate shows that the change of surface boundary conditions from present-day to Marinoan, including a shift of continents to low latitudes, induces a globalmean cooling of 4.6 K. Two thirds of this cooling can be attributed to increased planetary albedo, the remaining one third to a weaker greenhouse effect. The Marinoan Snowball Earth bifurcation point for pre-industrial atmospheric carbon dioxide is between 95.5 and 96% of the present-day total solar irradiance (TSI), whereas a previous study with the same model found that it was between 91 and 94% for presentday surface boundary conditions. A Snowball Earth for TSI set to its Marinoan value (94% of the present-day TSI) is prevented by doubling carbon dioxide with respect to its preindustrial level. A zero-dimensional energy balance model is used to predict the Snowball Earth bifurcation point from only the equilibrium global-mean ocean potential temperature for present-day TSI. We do not find stable states with sea-ice cover above 55%, and land conditions are such that glaciers could not grow with sea-ice cover of 55%. Therefore, none of our simulations qualifies as a “slushball” solution. While uncertainties in important processes and parameters such as clouds and sea-ice albedo suggest that the Snowball Earth bifurcation point differs between climate models, our results contradict previous findings that Snowball Earth initiation would require much stronger forcings. Correspondence to: A. Voigt (aiko.voigt@zmaw.de)
An Semantic Rank for Web Crawler Based on Formal Concept Analysis

Web Crawler is an important research in Search Engine. In this paper, a method for measuring the similarity of FCA concepts is proposed by using information content approach based on user Web log. In process of crawling Web pages for Web Crawler, in order to make choice of Web pages, the semantic rank of Web pages can be determined by using the similarity, other than relying on ontology with human domain expertise. The semantic rank can be made choice of Web pages for Web crawler.
Stability and Bifurcation Analysis of a Nonlinear Discrete Logistic Model with Delay

We consider a nonlinear discrete logistic model with delay. The characteristic equation of the linearized system at the positive equilibrium is a polynomial equation involving high order terms. We obtain the conditions ensuring the asymptotic stability of the positive equilibrium and the existence of Neimark-Sacker bifurcation, with respect to the parameter of the model. Based on the bifurcation theory, we discuss Neimark-Sacker bifurcation direction and the stability of bifurcated solutions. Finally, some numerical simulations are performed to illustrate the theoretical results.
AUTOMATED MOSAICKING OF MULTIPLE 3D POINT CLOUDS GENERATED FROM A DEPTH CAMERA

Abstract. In this paper, we propose a method for automated mosaicking of multiple 3D point clouds generated from a depth camera. A depth camera generates depth data by using ToF (Time of Flight) method and intensity data by using intensity of returned signal. The depth camera used in this paper was a SR4000 from MESA Imaging. This camera generates a depth map and intensity map of 176 x 44 pixels. Generated depth map saves physical depth data with mm of precision. Generated intensity map contains texture data with many noises. We used texture maps for extracting tiepoints and depth maps for assigning z coordinates to tiepoints and point cloud mosaicking. There are four steps in the proposed mosaicking method. In the first step, we acquired multiple 3D point clouds by rotating depth camera and capturing data per rotation. In the second step, we estimated 3D-3D transformation relationships between subsequent point clouds. For this, 2D tiepoints were extracted automatically from the corresponding two intensity maps. They were converted into 3D tiepoints using depth maps. We used a 3D similarity transformation model for estimating the 3D-3D transformation relationships. In the third step, we converted local 3D-3D transformations into a global transformation for all point clouds with respect to a reference one. In the last step, the extent of single depth map mosaic was calculated and depth values per mosaic pixel were determined by a ray tracing method. For experiments, 8 depth maps and intensity maps were used. After the four steps, an output mosaicked depth map of 454x144 was generated. It is expected that the proposed method would be useful for developing an effective 3D indoor mapping method in future.
Towards Change-aware Development Tools

Software development practice still relies on the notion that programming is equivalent to editing text. This view is also supported by mainstream versioning systems, such as CVS and SubVersion, which are excellent at versioning text files. We argue that programming = text editing may have been true years ago, but nowadays we construct complex systems by changing them piecemeal. However, despite recent advances which explicitly support change, such as refactorings and agile development methodologies, most development tools in use are ill-suited to deal with software change: they see a system as a collection of text files. This vision leads to code which is harder to understand since its history is not easily accessible, and harder to change since such a representation of code is against the inherently incremental nature of software development. In this paper we argue that the existing symbiosis between languages and integrated development environments should be extended to support a first-class change-based representation of evolving systems. We analyze the shortcomings of current practice, and illustrate our proposal through a scenario describing what such a change-based model of software would accomplish. We then detail our change-aware development model, its ongoing implementation and the promising results we obtained.
Aesthetics of Deception on the Stage : the Conflict Between Reality and Appearance in John Webster’s the White Devil

Oyunlarinda geleneksel iyi ve kotu kavramlarina yer olmayan yoz bir dunyayi betimleyen John Webster (1580-1634) seckin ancak oldukca karamsar bir yazardir. Webster'in dunyasinda evrensel kavramlar karsitlariyla birlikte ele alinir. Bu nedenle, oyunlarinda her zaman gercek ile gorunen arasinda bir aldatmaca veya celiski gozlemlenir. Baska bir deyisle, gorunurde iyi olan bir kisi veya olay, aslinda kotunun maske altinda tanitilan bicimi veya gorunuste kotu olan bir kisi veya olay da ayrintiya girildiginde sakli kalmis iyi olarak karsimiza cikar. Bu baglamda, kisilerin ayni anda iyi ve kotu, ihanet eden ve sadik, yalanci ve durust olarak birbirine kosut kavramlarla birlikte var olduklari gorulur. Bu yazida, Webster'in ilk oyunu olan The White Devil (Ak Şeytandaki gorunenin aldaticiligi izlegi tarihsel zemin, oyundan bazi onemli sahneler ve oyuna yon veren karakterler baglaminda irdelenecektir.
Modelling tourism demand , travel mode choice and destination loyalty

This dissertation has three simultaneous purposes: (1) to investigate the effects of both economic and non-economic factors on the domestic tourist flow to Khanh Hoa province in the long term and the short term; (2) to examine how the characteristics of domestic tourists and the attributes of travel modes influence tourists’ choice of travel mode to Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa; and (3) to investigate how satisfaction and switching barriers influence destination loyalty. To achieve the first purpose, the dissertation has used the general-to-specific approach; for the second purpose, the multinomial probit model has been applied, and structural equation modelling has been used to accomplish the third purpose. For the first purpose, the findings reveal that weather variables have a significant effect on the tourism demand in both the short term and the long term. Furthermore, a positive effect from the lagged dependent variable suggests that word-of-mouth recommendation to potential tourists has good effects for the Khanh Hoa tourism industry. Also, the demand from Vietnamese tourists seems to be highly sensitive to tourism costs. Meanwhile, in the study on travel mode choice, travel time and cost, mode quality, and income are key elements in explaining the tourists’ behaviour. Tourists with a lower income tend to be more sensitive to change in the per-kilometre cost; high-income tourists are much more likely to choose a plane or train rather than a coach. Finally, in the study on tourists’ loyalty behaviour, the findings indicate that both satisfaction and switching barriers have significant effects on this behaviour. Of the multi-components of switching barriers, interpersonal relationships and switching costs have positive impacts, while lack of attractiveness of other destinations has a negative effect on destination loyalty. Furthermore, all three dimensions of tourist satisfaction and overall satisfaction have positive effects on destination loyalty. Understanding domestic tourism demand as well as modal choice behaviour may help tourism companies to develop appropriate marketing strategies. Furthermore, tourism managers should concentrate not only on how to improve tourists’ satisfaction but also on how to develop hindrances to switching by tourists, in order to enhance their destination loyalty.
The present value model of US stock prices revisited: long-run evidence with structural breaks, 1871-2010

According to several empirical studies, the Present Value model fails to explain the behaviour of stock prices in the long-run. In this paper we consider the possibility that a linear cointegrated regression model with multiple structural changes would provide a better empirical description of the Present Value model of U.S. stock prices. Our methodology is based on instability tests recently proposed in Kejriwal and Perron (2008, 2010) as well as the cointegration tests developed in Arai and Kurozumi (2007) and Kejriwal (2008). The results obtained are consistent with the existence of linear cointegration between the log stock prices and the log dividends. However, our empirical results also show that the cointegrat- ing relationship has changed over time. In particular, the Kejriwal-Perron tests for testing multiple structural breaks in cointegrated regression mod- els suggest a model of three or two regimes.
Developing Extension Professionals to Develop Extension Programs: A Case Study for the Changing Face of Extension

Development of Cooperative Extension programs depends upon the skills and abilities of competent Extension professionals. The most effective manner of building program development competencies in these Extension professionals is through professional development. A wide variety of competencies are necessary for Extension professionals to develop programs, including strong interpersonal skills. Differences exist between the professional development efforts of Extension institutions and are highlighted herein. Major challenges to delivery of professional development include time and budget, but these can be overcome through planning and innovation and use of online or hybrid methods. Professional development for program development is essential to furthering Extension’s mission, especially during times of rapid change.
Hierarchy of market centres along the Volta Lake in Ghana: A regional development framework

rd order was located in the south whereas the two markets of the 4 th rank were in the midsection of the lake region. The study emphasized the importance of the market centres as service centres for the Volta Lake Region whose economy is essentially based on agriculture and fishing. The market centres were considered as ‘naturally’ occurring service centres capable of stimulating growth impulses in their catchment areas. The study recommended the adoption of the hierarchical order of the market centres as a workable framework for planning the development of the Volta Lake Region.
Technological development and income inequality: a role of financial market

In this paper we study the effects of financial markets on an increase in income inequity. The notion, which is employed as a working hypothesis that the market equilibrium around the fair price and unbiased changes in prices has a neutral effect on inequity while the systematic underreaction accompanied by time trends contributes to its growth, has been considered. In order to check this hypothesis we have studied the long-term cycles in dynamics of the US stock index and income inequity and shown that the stock market growth observed in 1980-2017 is correlated to an increase in income inequity. The presence of causality in this relationship has been found through the evidence of systematic underreaction given by the share prices of fast-growing companies to the information about the diffusion of technological innovations. The research results prove that the free financial markets with technological development in progress contribute to instability, as they while enhancing income inequality increase the unemployment growth risks and require additional efforts from the state to redistribute income.
ATING IT POINTS OF VIEW 3R OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRE

, This paper revibits the concept of parent invoiyement in preschool intervention programs and -presents experimental date, relevant to the iffecteVeness of several preschool add home-based 'teaching prograis for econonicaIly disadvantaged children. The range . of current assumptions about parents is sytmarized as: oy . parents , need to 'be taught how to be parents; (2). parents know what they need and can operate their own programs; and (3) Parents and 'educators can become resources for eac other. experimental hope teaching programs conducted by the Nigh/Sc pe Foundation and based on the third assimption are described briefly;-(11 the Ypsilanti-Perry 'Preschool Project, a preschool combined with weekly homevisits; (2) . ' the Ypsilanti Home Teaching Project, a 4-month program of weekly home visits; (3) the Ypsilanti-Carnegie infant Education Project, in which educators or untrained women visited bombs weekly for a 16-month period; and (4). a comparison of three prescliool curricula combined vith weekly home visits. Longitudinal data from several of these studies is already available, while data from other projects is still,. being analyzed. In general, it hds been concluded thus far that the . combination of.reschool with home-based conponents yields impressive immediate and long-term results. Implications and considerations for preschool educators are discusse4. (ED)
Various moving average convergence divergence trading strategies: a comparison

Some studies published recently (Dejan Eric, 2009; R. Rosillo, 2013; Terence Tai-Leung Chong, 2008; Ülkü and Prodan, 2013) uncover that moving average convergence divergence (MACD) trading rules have predictive ability in many countries. The MACD trading strategies applied by these papers to execute the trading signals are various. This study analyzes the performance of a MACD trading strategy (MACD-4 in the current study), which is applied popularly by practitioners, but was not tested by prior academicians. Furthermore, the author compares the performance of each of the strategies on a group of markets to identify the best one. Before considering the costs, the author finds that the MACD-4 trading strategy has predictive ability. The best performance is MACD strategy applied by Terence Tai-Leung Chong (2008). This strategy is also the most effective one if it is applied in a high trading cost environmentm because the numbers of trades created are the lowest. Especially, the strategy applied by R. Rosillo (2013) is unpredictable in the selected samples.