Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
8 ppm / ° C Self-Biased Wakeup Timer Using a Switched-Resistor Scheme

Miniaturized computing platforms typically operate under restricted battery capacity due to their size [1]. Due to low duty cycles in many sensing applications, sleep-mode power can dominate the total energy budget. Wakeup timers are a key always-on component in such sleep modes and must therefore be designed with aggressive power consumption targets (e.g., <10nW). Also, accurate timing generation is critical for peer-to-peer communication between sensor platforms [1]. Although a 32kHz crystal oscillator can provide low power [2] and accurate long-term stability, the requirement of an off-chip component complicates system integration for small wireless sensor nodes (WSNs).
High-Accuracy All-Digital Resolver-to-Digital Conversion

In this paper, a high-accuracy all-digital resolverto-digital (R/D) converter is presented. The two basic components of a conventional tracking R/D converter, the phase detector and the loop filter, are software implemented by frequency-shifting techniques and a decoupled double synchronous reference frame-based phase-locked loop (DSRF-PLL). This PLL allows the simultaneous extraction of the angular position and speed of the rotatory resolver, even in the presence of gain and phase errors in the resolver. In order to increase accuracy and to minimize the time lag of the whole system, oversampling methods and downsampling finite-impulse response digital filters are introduced. Finally, DSP implementation issues, like the use of techniques to synchronize the resolver output signals with the excitation one, are discussed. Using these combined techniques and a standard DSP with a 12-bit analog-to-digital converter, resolutions of up to 14 bits can be achieved with a computation cost of about 13% of the total (100 MIPs). The paper presents the main techniques, simulation, and experimental results.
Molecular characterization of tropical maize inbred lines using microsatellite DNA markers

An insight on diversity and relationships among germplasm is important in any breeding program for crop improve¬ment. The main objectives of our study were to: (i) determine the level of genetic diversity within mid altitude maize inbred lines resistant to weevils, aflatoxin accumulation and drought, (ii) to suggest potential heterotic groups using their genetic structures and distance based on cluster analysis with the aim to generate broad based source germ¬plasm for mid altitude maize breeding program with combined traits of importance against Aflatoxin accumulation. In this study, 25 SSR markers were used to finger print forty two maize inbred lines to assess the genetic diversity, genetic relationships, and their population structure. A total of 184 alleles were identified at all the loci with an aver¬age of 7.36 and a range between two and 19 alleles per locus. The major allele frequency varied from 0.17 to 0.90 with an average of 0.49 while the minor allele frequency varied from 0.10 to 0.83 with an average of 0.51. The gene diversity values varied from 0.18 to 0.92 with an average of 0.65. Average heterozygosity percentage of the inbred lines was 4%, ranging from 0% to 2%, indicating the low level of heterozygosity within the inbred lines. The aver¬age polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.61. A dendrogram constructed using unweighted Neighbour Joining algorithm suggested three heterotic groups among the inbred lines. The three heterotic patterns based on the SSR markers need to be verified by field testing to confirm what appears to be promising alternative heterotic patterns. The fixed pattern detected using SSR markers could potentially contribute towards effective utilization of the inbred lines for the exploitation of heterosis and formation of genetically diverse sources population.
Change detection in synthetic aperture radar images based on log-mean operator and stacked auto-encoder

In this paper, we recommend a novel method based on log-mean operator and stacked auto-encoder which is used in the change detection for synthetic aperture radar images. The approach detects the changed and unchanged areas by designing a stacked Auto-encoder. The main guideline is to produce a difference image (DI) through the log-mean operator, and then distinguish the changed and unchanged regions with the trained stacked auto-encoder. The log-mean operator can roughly classify the changed and unchanged regions, but there also some inaccuracy in the difference image. Then, the stacked Auto-encoder can repair the different image further. Experimental results compared with other methods show that the method is effective.
Sensors for Gesture Recognition Systems

A gesture recognition system (GRS) is comprised of a gesture, gesture-capture device (sensor), tracking algorithm (for motion capture), feature extraction, and classification algorithm. With the impending movement toward natural communication with mechanical and software systems, it is important to examine the first apparatus that separates the human communicator and the device being controlled. Although there are numerous reviews of GRSs, a comprehensive analysis of the integration of sensors into GRSs and their impact on system performance is lacking in the professional literature. Thus, we have undertaken this effort. Determination of the sensor stimulus, context of use, and sensor platform are major preliminary design issues in GRSs. Thus, these three components form the basic structure of our taxonomy. We emphasize the relationship between these critical components and the design of the GRS in terms of its architectural functions and computational requirements. In this treatise, we consider sensors that are capable of capturing dynamic and static arm and hand gestures. Although we discuss various sensor types, our main focus is on visual sensors as we expect these to become the sensor of choice in the foreseeable future. We delineate the challenges ahead for their increased effectiveness in this application domain. We note as a special challenge, the development of sensors that take over many of the functions the GRS designer struggles with today. We believe our contribution, in this first survey on sensors for GRSs, can give valuable insights into this important research and development topic, and encourage advanced research directions and new approaches.
PTERYGIUM AND ITS RELATION TO ARCUS SENILIS, PINGUECULA AND OTHER SIMILAR CONDITIONS

It is generally held that pterygium is a product of prolonged exposure to irritants encountered in the open air. Peristasis factors in combination with a non-sex-linked, simple dominant gene with low penetrance and unsteady expressiveness may result in pterygium. Degenerative changes obviously also have a role as a predisposing factor. The communications published on the pathogenesis of pterygium indicate that there are divergen8 schools of thought. Alt , Kamel, Friede etc. consider pterygiuin to be a product of inflammation; Fuchs, Friedenwald, Duke-Elder, Hilgers, Elliot and others hold that it is a peripheral degeneration of the cornea. 'The etiology of pterygium is further connected with its specific site at the border of two kinds of epithelium.
Assessment of electrical strength of liquid immersed pressboard using three-parameter Weibull distribution

This article presents the results of experimental studies concerning comparative measurements of electrical strength of pressboard specimens impregnated by different dielectric liquids: mineral oil, synthetic ester and natural ester. The electrode systems used in the experiment was system of parallel electrodes proposed in standard IEC 60243. The specimens had the thicknesses of 0.5 and 1 mm respectively. Impregnation was realized for all three liquids in the same way. The results were analyzed both on the basis medians calculated and using three-parameter Weibull distribution. In this latter special emphasis was put on location parameter Vo meaning the threshold value of voltage below which breakdown should not occur. Comparison of the results obtained from the point of view of the liquids used for impregnation showed that electrical strength calculated on the basis of median was very similar for both thicknesses. However for Weibull distribution based analysis higher electrical strength characterized specimens impregnated by mineral oil.
Open Surgical Repair Restores Joint Forces That Resist Glenohumeral Dislocation

Traumatic anterior shoulder instability is a clinical problem often observed in athletes participating in overhead activities. The standard treatment for this condition is surgical repair, which may be accomplished by an open or arthroscopic procedure. The current authors assessed the strength of open repair, by comparing glenohumeral joint forces in intact specimens with specimens with anterior dislocation and open repair. Eighteen shoulders from cadavers were tested on a custom shoulder dislocation device with simulated muscle forces. Bankart lesions were repaired using a three-suture anchor technique combined with capsular advancement. Capsular failures were addressed by sharp dissection of the labrum from bone, then repaired as above, and the experiment was repeated. One-way analysis of variance was used for analyses. All specimens dislocated anteroinferiorly, eight dislocated by bony Bankart failure, and 10 dislocated by capsular failure. Maximum joint compression force for the initial dislocation was 760 ± 79 N for the specimens with Bankart failures and 690 ± 59 N for the specimens with capsular failures. The maximum joint compression force for dislocation after repair measured 541 ± 50 N for the specimens with Bankart failures and 536 ± 46 N for the specimens with capsular failures. The forces after repair were normalized with respect to the intact shoulders. For specimens with Bankart failures, joint compression and pectoralis major forces were 72% and 62%, respectively, and 79% and 61% for specimens with capsular failures. A three-dimensional digitizing system confirmed restoration of glenohumeral position. These results support clinical data, showing that open Bankart repair adequately restores the static restraints of the glenohumeral joint that resist anteroinferior dislocation.
Functional analysis of N-linked glycosylation mutants of the measles virus fusion protein synthesized by recombinant vaccinia virus vectors

The role of N-linked glycosylation in the biological activity of the measles virus (MV) fusion (F) protein was analyzed by expressing glycosylation mutants with recombinant vaccinia virus vectors. There are three potential N-linked glycosylation sites located on the F2 subunit polypeptide of MV F, at asparagine residues 29, 61, and 67. Each of the three potential glycosylation sites was mutated separately as well as in combination with the other sites. Expression of mutant proteins in mammalian cells showed that all three sites are used for the addition of N-linked oligosaccharides. Cell surface expression of mutant proteins was reduced by 50% relative to the wild-type level when glycosylation at either Asn-29 or Asn-61 was abolished. Despite the similar levels of cell surface expression, the Asn-29 and Asn-61 mutant proteins had different biological activities. While the Asn-61 mutant was capable of inducing syncytium formation, the Asn-29 mutant protein did not exhibit any significant cell fusion activity. Inactivation of the Asn-67 glycosylation site also reduced cell surface transport of mutant protein but had little effect on its ability to cause cell fusion. However, when the Asn-67 mutation was combined with mutations at either of the other two sites, cleavage-dependent activation, cell surface expression, and cell fusion activity were completely abolished. Our data show that the loss of N-linked oligosaccharides markedly impaired the proteolytic cleavage, stability, and biological activity of the MV F protein. The oligosaccharide side chains in MV F are thus essential for optimum conformation of the extracellular F2 subunit that is presumed to bind cellular membranes.
Control schemes of grid-connected converters with synchronous power controller for renewable power generation

The expanding means of testing green power era is a vital concern for the get a handle on electrical systems. One of numerous essential dilemmas is their absence of inertia, which can be turning right into a more noteworthy concern as much as the amount of the plants predicted on main stream synchronous generators gets diminished. In such manner, the brand new network requirements demand that these plants provide new functionalities, such as for instance frequency support and inertia emulation. Synchronous power controller is planned as an excellent option for the greenera generation. It includes inertia, damping, and flexible droop attributes. Simulation results are acquired utilizing MATLAB/Simulink illustrates the performance of the planned control procedure.
Numerical evaluation of error probabilities of self-synchronizing chaotic communications

Based on stochastic calculus, we provide a rigorous formulation of the numerical evaluation of the error probabilities of two modulation techniques for the chaotic Lorenz communication system with additive white Gaussian noise disturbance. These results provide further understanding on the robust self-synchronization ability of the Lorenz system to noise. An approximate model of the variance of the sufficient statistic of the chaotic communication is derived, which permits a comparison of the chaotic communication system performance to the conventional binary pulse position modulation (PAM) communication system.
Material Changes in Osteoporotic Human Cancellous Bone Following Infiltration with Acrylic Bone Cement for a Vertebral Cement Augmentation

Bone cement infiltration can be effective at mechanically augmenting osteoporotic vertebrae. While most published literature describes the gain in mechanical strength of augmented vertebrae, we report the first measurements of viscoelastic material changes of cancellous bone due to cement infiltration. We infiltrated cancellous core specimen harvested from osteoporotic cadaveric spines with acrylic bone cement. Bone specimen before and after cement infiltration were subjected to identical quasi-static and relaxation loading in confined and free compression. Testing data were fitted to a linear viscoelastic model of compressible material and the model parameters for cement, native cancellous bone, and cancellous bone infiltrated (composite) with cement were identified. The fitting demonstrated that the linear viscoelastic model presented in this paper accurately describes the mechanical behaviour of cement and bone, before and after infiltration. Although the composite specimen did not completely adopt the properties of bulk bone cement, the stiffening of cancellous bone due to cement infiltration is considerable. The composite was, for example, 8.5 times stiffer than native bone. The local stiffening of cancellous bone in patients may alter the load transfer of the augmented motion segment and may be the cause of subsequent fractures in the vertebrae adjacent to the ones infiltrated with cement. The material model and parameters in this paper, together with an adequate finite-element model, can be helpful to investigate the load shift, the mechanism for subsequent fractures, and filling patterns for ideal cement infiltration.
Fusion of CSP-derived features and Time-Domain Parameters for mind robotics control

In this paper, fusion of Common Spatial Pattern (CSP) analysis derived features and Time-Domain Parameters (TDP) is investigated for two-class motion imagery classification: left hand movement and right hand movement imagery. This fusion method is aiming at improving the performance of Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) systems in translating human thoughts into command to control certain robots, e.g. rehabilitation robots. In the BCI system applied in this paper, a Human-Friendly Interactive Bear Robot is implemented, whose bear-like appearance and interactive actions can alleviate the frustration and anxiety on the part of the user in the experiment. Moreover, off-line experiments are conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of the fusion method using both well-known open-source data and data obtained by the BCI system mentioned before.
64$\,\times\,$ 64-Element and 32$\,\times\,$ 32-Element Slot Array Antennas Using Double-Layer Hollow-Waveguide Corporate-Feed in the 120 GHz Band

This communication proposes high gain antennas having broad bandwidth characteristic for the 120 GHz band. The proposed antennas are fabricated by diffusion bonding of laminated thin copper plates which have the advantages of high precision and low loss characteristic even in a high frequency region such as the 120 GHz band. For stable fabrication using diffusion bonding, we propose a feeding structure which has a double layer. A 32 × 32-element array antenna shows more than a 38 dBi antenna gain with over 60% antenna efficiency and 15 GHz bandwidth (119.0-134.0 GHz) and a 64 × 64-element array shows a higher than 43 dBi antenna gain with over 50% antenna efficiency and 14.5 GHz bandwidth (118.5-133.0 GHz), respectively.
Development of thermodynamic optimum searching (TOS) to improve the prediction accuracy of flux balance analysis

Flux balance analysis (FBA) has been widely used in calculating steady‐state flux distributions that provide important information for metabolic engineering. Several thermodynamics‐based methods, for example, quantitative assignment of reaction directionality and energy balance analysis have been developed to improve the prediction accuracy of FBA. However, these methods can only generate a thermodynamically feasible range, rather than the most thermodynamically favorable solution. We therefore developed a novel optimization method termed as thermodynamic optimum searching (TOS) to calculate the thermodynamically optimal solution, based on the second law of thermodynamics, the minimum magnitude of the Gibbs free energy change and the maximum entropy production principle (MEPP). Then, TOS was applied to five physiological conditions of Escherichia coli to evaluate its effectiveness. The resulting prediction accuracy was found significantly improved (10.7–48.5%) by comparing with the 13C‐fluxome data, indicating that TOS can be considered an advanced calculation and prediction tool in metabolic engineering. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 914–923. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ROCme! : logiciel pour l’enregistrement et la gestion de corpus oraux (ROCme!: software for the recording and management of oral corpora) [in French]

Grew: a Graph Rewriting Tool for NLP We present a Graph Rewriting Tool dedicated to NLP applications. Graph nodes contain feature structures and edges describe relations between nodes. We explain the Graph Rewriting framework we use, the implemented system and some experiments. MOTS-CLÉS : réécriture de graphes, interface syntaxe-sémantique.
Emerging Technology and Analytical Techniques for the Clinical Assessment of Scoliosis

Paediatric spinal deformities are the most prevalent musculoskeletal conditions observed in children and youth. Idiopathic Scoliosis (IS), a sub-class of these spinal deformities is commonly recognized by a lateral curvature of the spine that is of unknown cause and has the greatest risk of progression during periods of rapid growth and development. [1,2,3] The emergence of our contemporary perspective that this lateral curvature and axial rotation of the spine [4] is also accompanied by significant spatial disorientation of the spine and thoracic cage, [5,6] has motivated clinicians and scientists to develop new models of assessment for the purpose of guiding clinical decisions, orthopaedic interventions, and the evaluation of clinical outcomes.
Cognitive Load Comparison of Traditional and Distributed Pair Programming on Visual Programming Language

Research results from computer science education show that pair programming is an effective teaching strategy on learning performance for computer science education in K-12. However, pair programming is not popularly used in K-12. One important issue is because sometimes pair programming by K-12 students is not as effective as expected. This study examines whether pair programming is effective from cognitive load perspective in distributed situation. We compares the cognitive loads for the visual programming language, called Star Logo TNG, under three circumstances that is alone, pair programming, and distributed pair programming. The experimental results show that learners prefer traditional pair programming to alone. Moreover, the pair programming can reduce germane cognitive load significantly. However, there is no significant difference between the single and distributed pair programming. Meanwhile, there is no significant difference on learning performance between traditional and distributed pair programming. Those results indicate the learning support and knowledge sharing tools for distributed pair programming could be improved.
Study on several confidentiality protection technologies for electronic document

As a usual information media in organizations, electronic document often relates to important information that should be kept confidential. The no-authorized access, unauthorized use and uncontrolled spread of electronic document will bring great loss to organizations. Therefore, ensuring the security of electronic document, preventing information from leaking and uncontrolled spreading are basic requirements of organizations' office affairs. Focusing on confidentiality, which is the most important features of information security, this study collected and summarized several effective security technologies for electronic document, such as access control list, password, encrypting file system and information rights management, discussed the safety features through analysis of their operational principle and a comparative analysis. The study suggests that IRM is the most perfect and effective security technology for electronic document, organizations should choose the suitable safety technical measures according to actual needs and IT infrastructure.
Patient Blood Management

Special features: Presents a clear three-pillar strategy for the application of PBM: diagnosis and treatment of anemia, reduction of peri-interventional blood loss, and optimization of the tolerance to anemia in the everyday clinical setting Covers issues such as PBM during surgery, requirements for modern transfusion medicine, ordering blood products, the role of pre-anesthesia clinics, benchmarking processes, and potential implications of PBM in the public health sector Overview of research in PBM including landmark studies and current clinical trials Boxes in each chapter highlighting key information, core statements, and summaries A multidisciplinary and international team of contributors experienced in PBM
Drying paint: from micro-scale dynamics to mechanical instabilities

Charged colloidal dispersions make up the basis of a broad range of industrial and commercial products, from paints to coatings and additives in cosmetics. During drying, an initially liquid dispersion of such particles is slowly concentrated into a solid, displaying a range of mechanical instabilities in response to highly variable internal pressures. Here we summarize the current appreciation of this process by pairing an advection-diffusion model of particle motion with a Poisson–Boltzmann cell model of inter-particle interactions, to predict the concentration gradients in a drying colloidal film. We then test these predictions with osmotic compression experiments on colloidal silica, and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments on silica dispersions drying in Hele–Shaw cells. Finally, we use the details of the microscopic physics at play in these dispersions to explore how two macroscopic mechanical instabilities—shear-banding and fracture—can be controlled. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Patterning through instabilities in complex media: theory and applications. ’