Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Variable Foreperiods and Temporal Discrimination

Temporal judgements are often accounted for by a single-clock hypothesis. The output of such a clock is reported to depend on the allocation of attention. In the present series of experiments, the influence of attention on temporal information processing is investigated by systematic variations of the period preceding brief empty intervals to be judged. Two indicators of timing performance, temporal sensitivity, reflecting discrimination performance, and perceived duration served as dependent variables. Foreperiods ranged from 0.3 to 0.6 s in Experiments 1 to 4. When the foreperiod varied randomly from trial to trial, perceived duration was longer with increasing length of foreperiod (Experiments 1 and 3 with brief auditory markers and Experiment 4 with brief visual markers), an effect that disappeared with no trial-to-trial variations (Experiment 2). Longer foreperiods also enhanced performance on temporal discrimination of auditory empty intervals with a base duration of 100 ms (Experiments 1 and 5), whereas discrimination performance was unaffected for auditory intervals with a base duration of 500 ms (Experiment 3). The variable-foreperiod effect on perceived duration also held when foreperiods ranged from 0.6 to 1.5 s (Experiments 5—7). Findings suggest that foreperiods appear to effectively modulate attention mechanisms necessary for temporal information processing. However, alternative explanations such as assimilation or compatibility effects cannot be totally discarded.
Location Security in Vehicular Wireless Networks

The first main contribution of this chapter is to take a non-trivial step towards providing a robust and scalable solution to privacy protection in vehicular networks. To promote scalability and robustness the authors employ two strategies. First, they view vehicular networks as consisting of non-overlapping subnetworks, each local to a geographic area referred to as a cell. Each cell has a server that maintains a list of pseudonyms that are valid for use in the cell. Each pseudonym has two components: the cell’s ID and a random number as host ID. Instead of issuing pseudonyms to vehicles proactively (as virtually all existing schemes do) the authors issue pseudonyms only to those vehicles that request them. This strategy is suggested by the fact that, in a typical scenario, only a fraction of the vehicles in an area will engage in communication with other vehicles and/or with the infrastructure and, therefore, do not need pseudonyms. The second main contribution is to model analytically the time-varying request for pseudonyms in a given cell. This is important for capacity planning purposes since it allows system managers to predict, by taking into account the time-varying attributes of the traffic, the probability that a given number of pseudonyms will be required at a certain time as well as the expected number of pseudonyms in use in a cell at a certain time. Empirical results obtained by detailed simulation confirm the accuracy of the authors’ analytical predictions.
Statics and the moduli space of triangles

The variance of a weighted collection of points is used to prove classi- cal theorems of geometry concerning homogeneous quadratic functions of length (Apollonius, Feuerbach, Ptolemy, Stewart) and to deduce some of the theory of major triangle centers. We also show how a formula for the distance of the in- center to the reflection of the centroid in the nine-point center enables one to simplify Euler's method for the reconstruction of a triangle from its major cen- ters. We also exhibit a connection between Poncelet's porism and the location of the incenter in the circle on diameter GH (the orthocentroidal or critical circle). The interior of this circle is the moduli (classification) space of triangles. There are some theorems of Euclidean geometry which have elegant proofs by means of mechanical principles. For example, if ABC is an acute triangle, one can ask which point P in the plane minimizes AP + BP + CP? The answer is the Fermat point, the place where ∠AP B = ∠BP C = ∠CP A =2 π/3. The mechanical solution is to attach three pieces of inextensible massless string to P , and to dangle the three strings over frictionless pulleys at the vertices of the triangle, and attach the same mass to each string. Now hold the triangle flat and dangle the masses in a uniform gravitational field. The forces at P must balance so the angle equality is obtained, and the potential energy of the system is minimized when AP + BP + CP is minimized. In this article we will develop a geometric technique which involves a notion analogous to the moment of inertia of a mechanical system, but because of an averaging process, this notion is actually more akin to variance in statistics. The main result is well known to workers in the analysis of variance. The applications we give will (in the main) not yield new results, but rather give alternative proofs of classical results (Apollonius, Feuerbach, Stewart, Ptolemy) and make possible a systematic statical development of some of the theory of triangle centers. We will conclude with some remarks concerning the problem of reconstructing a triangle from O, G and I which will, we hope, shed more light on the constructions of Euler (3) and Guinand (4).
Effect of temperature and salinity on Vibrio (Beneckea) vulnificus occurrence in a Gulf Coast environment

Vibrio (Beneckea) vulnificus is a recently recognized halophilic organism that may cause serious human infections. Patients infected with V. vulnificus often have a history of exposure to the sea, suggesting that the organism may be a common inhabitant of marine environments. Twenty-one inshore sites around Galveston Island in the Gulf of Mexico were cultured for V. vulnificus over a 12-month period. The organism was recovered from all but one of the sites at some time during the study. It was frequently isolated during the summer and fall from environments of relatively low salinity (7 to 16%). V. vulnificus was rarely isolated from any of the sites during the winter months, when water temperatures dropped below 20 degrees C. In vitro growth characteristics of environmental isolates of V. vulnificus demonstrated salinity optima of 1.0 to 2.0% NaCl and a temperature optimum of 37 degrees C. These growth characteristics may account for the seasonal and geographical variations in occurrence of the organism. Overall, the results of these studies indicate that V. vulnificus is commonly found in Gulf Coast environments and that the occurrence of the organism is favored by warm temperatures and relatively low salinity.
Replenishment of the B cell compartment after doxorubicin‐induced hematopoietic toxicity is facilitated by STAT1

STAT1 serves as an important regulator in the response to pathogens, oncogenic transformation, and genotoxic insults. It exerts these effects by shaping the innate and adaptive immune response and by participating in genotoxic stress pathways, leading to apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation. We have investigated the role of STAT1 in hematopoietic toxicity induced by doxorubicin in STAT1‐proficient and ‐deficient mice. Whereas the early genotoxic effect of doxorubicin did not depend on STAT1, expression of STAT1 was required for efficient B lymphocyte repopulation in the recovery phase. We found a lower abundance of lymphocyte precursors in the BM of STAT1‐deficient animals, which was particularly evident after doxorubicin‐induced hematopoietic toxicity. In accordance, colony‐forming assays with STAT1‐deficient BM cells revealed a decreased number of pre‐B colonies. Differentiation from the pro‐B to the pre‐B stage was not affected, as demonstrated by unaltered differentiation of purified B cell precursors from BM in the presence of IL‐7. With the exception of Sca‐1, expression of genes implicated in early lymphocyte development in pro‐B cells did not depend on STAT1. Our findings indicate a specific requirement for STAT1 in lymphoid development before differentiation to pre‐B cells, which becomes particularly apparent in the recovery phase from doxorubicin‐induced hematopoietic toxicity.
Peroneal motoneuron excitability increases immediately following application of a semirigid ankle brace.

STUDY DESIGN Within-session, within-subject comparison of 2 conditions. OBJECTIVES To determine the influence of application of a semirigid ankle brace on the excitability of the peroneus longus muscle motoneuron pool as measured by the H-reflex. BACKGROUND The literature suggests that cutaneous mechanoreceptors can contribute to proprioception, especially during conditions in which skin experiences displacement. Further, skin displacement and stimulation of cutaneous mechanoreptors have been shown to increase motoneuron excitability. METHODS AND MEASURES H-reflexes and M-waves of the peroneus longus muscle were acquired by stimulating the common peroneal nerve of 11 uninjured subjects during 2 randomly ordered conditions, with and without application of an Aircast Air-Stirrup. Five reflexes were collected at each of 12 stimulation voltages. The peak-to-peak amplitudes of the M-wave and H-reflex from each subject's ensemble-averaged data at each stimulation voltage was used to generate H-reflex and M-wave recruitment curves. The H-reflex amplitude was subsequently expressed as a percentage of the maximum M-wave amplitude. RESULTS The normalized H-reflex amplitude increased by approximately 10% during the braced condition compared to the nonbraced condition. The peroneus longus H-reflex latency and M-wave amplitude were not affected by the bracing condition. CONCLUSIONS Application of the ankle brace excited afferents possibly arising from a number of candidate mechanoreceptors, 1 of which is likely cutaneous. The findings raise questions as to whether the increased motorneuron excitability can be used for the purposes of rehabilitation from ankle injury.
Interleukin-1-receptor antagonist in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUND The expression of interleukin-1-receptor antagonist is reduced in pancreatic islets of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and high glucose concentrations induce the production of interleukin-1beta in human pancreatic beta cells, leading to impaired insulin secretion, decreased cell proliferation, and apoptosis. METHODS In this double-blind, parallel-group trial involving 70 patients with type 2 diabetes, we randomly assigned 34 patients to receive 100 mg of anakinra (a recombinant human interleukin-1-receptor antagonist) subcutaneously once daily for 13 weeks and 36 patients to receive placebo. At baseline and at 13 weeks, all patients underwent an oral glucose-tolerance test, followed by an intravenous bolus of 0.3 g of glucose per kilogram of body weight, 0.5 mg of glucagon, and 5 g of arginine. In addition, 35 patients underwent a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp study. The primary end point was a change in the level of glycated hemoglobin, and secondary end points were changes in beta-cell function, insulin sensitivity, and inflammatory markers. RESULTS At 13 weeks, in the anakinra group, the glycated hemoglobin level was 0.46 percentage point lower than in the placebo group (P=0.03); C-peptide secretion was enhanced (P=0.05), and there were reductions in the ratio of proinsulin to insulin (P=0.005) and in levels of interleukin-6 (P<0.001) and C-reactive protein (P=0.002). Insulin resistance, insulin-regulated gene expression in skeletal muscle, serum adipokine levels, and the body-mass index were similar in the two study groups. Symptomatic hypoglycemia was not observed, and there were no apparent drug-related serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS The blockade of interleukin-1 with anakinra improved glycemia and beta-cell secretory function and reduced markers of systemic inflammation. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00303394 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).
What do childhood anxiety disorders predict?

BACKGROUND Few longitudinal studies of child and adolescent psychopathology have examined the links between specific childhood anxiety disorders and adolescent psychiatric disorder. In this paper we test the predictive specificity of separation anxiety disorder (SAD), overanxious disorder (OAD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and social phobia. METHODS Data come from the Great Smoky Mountains Study (GSMS). A representative population sample of children--ages 9, 11, and 13 years at intake--was followed to age 19. Diagnoses of both childhood (before age 13 years) and adolescent psychiatric disorders (age 13 to 19 years) were available from 906 participants. RESULTS Childhood SAD predicted adolescent SAD, whereas OAD was associated with later OAD, panic attacks, depression and conduct disorder (CD). GAD was related only to CD. Social phobia in childhood was associated with adolescent OAD, social phobia, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). CONCLUSIONS Anxiety disorders in childhood are predictors of a range of psychiatric disorders in adolescence. It appears that children meriting a well-defined diagnosis are missed by the current rules for the diagnosis of GAD. Future studies should examine whether OAD deserves reconsideration as a nosological entity.
A high-Q quasi-planar filtering solution for 60-GHz applications

A low insertion loss 2.2% bandwidth two-pole cavity filter was fabricated at 60 GHz by bonding metallized lids on each side of a 250-/spl mu/m silicon substrate. The lids are made by dry etching of a 500-/spl mu/m silicon substrate. The same process is used to etch via holes on the intermediate substrate. The position of these via holes fixes the external coupling and the coupling between the resonators. The measured unloaded quality factor is lied on the height of the cavity (1.05 mm) and is around 1100.
Multicast routing based on ant algorithm for delay-bounded and load-balancing traffic

Multicast routing is to find the paths from a source node to all multicast destinations. In this paper based on the ant algorithm, we propose a distributed multicast routing scheme with delay-bounded and load-balancing traffic in real-time packet switched computer communication networks. We first describe the ant algorithm model and give the ant-network model, then present an approach using the ant algorithm to optimize the multicast routes with delay-bounded and load-balancing traffic. Finally a simulation has been done to show the efficiency of the algorithm in the environment of OPNET simulation software, and the simulation results show that the proposed approach can find the best optimal multicast routes which can satisfy the delay-bounded requirement and avoid to congested nodes.
A Study on the Difference in Leadership Recognition in Korea vs China: Focusing on Questionnaire Survey

Background/Objectives: This study attempted to identify the competence level of supervisors among firms in Korea and China. This study is expect to help raise capabilities to be a great leader by identifying excellent competencies required for leaders and their lacking capacities. Methods/Statistical Analysis: This study applied frequency analysis and statistical methods of percentage to understand leadership perception as well as sex, working department, class, and work experiences. This study performed a survey to test the research model, with respondent samples extracted using convenience sampling method. Survey period was 20 days from November 1, 2015, with 100 personnel in manufacturing industry as samples. Findings: This study systematically analysed factors set out in previous research to investigate leadership capabilities of the supervisors in firms of Korea and China. Based on this, a total of 13 factors were derived. With the derived factors, a survey of excellent capacities and lacking competence in supervisors was conducted using Likert 5-point scale. For Korean corporations, findings indicated that superior leadership competencies of supervisor are development of subordinates, goal setting capability, trust forming, creativity, and insights, while they were in order of creativity, challenge, expertise, and communication skills in Chinese corporations. Different from Korea, The leadership capability lacking in supervisors included professionalism, ability to set a goal, and communication skills in Korean companies, whereas it included ability to foster subordinates, determination (communication), professionalism, and trust formation in Chinese companies. Application/Improvements: The results of this study seem to help raise capabilities to become a great leader by identify excellent competencies required for leaders and their lacking leaders.
Effect of Trust Combining TAM Model on Customer Intention to Use Electronic Banking in Bac Ninh, Vietnam

E-commerce has become the crucial element to transform the world into an information society. Ecommerce in the developing countries is not yet a normalcy and development as compared to the developed countries. Vietnam is also one of developing countries where is booming and the society is opening up, E-commerce has been putting its first footstep in this rising economy. As the use of the Internet continues to grow up every year . E-banking has emerged as one of the most profitable ecommerce applications over the last decade. E-banking is also starting to positively tune into Vietnamese daily life. More and more people start using e-banking service for their convenience. E-banking could be the next step to do for the economy to really transform and productivity boosted. Like any other emerging economy, Vietnam has motivators and hindrance for such a platform to be implemented widely. Hence, the purpose of this research follows Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to find out these factors including trust effect to customer intention to use E-banking in Bac Ninh province, Vietnam. We designed a questionnaire and used it to survey a randomly selected sample of 272 Bac Ninh people. In this research, SPSS 20 version was adopted to proceed descriptive analyzes, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression analyze the factors with the research framework. According to Davis (1989), the TAM suggested that customers’ perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use also affect their attitude towards using significantly. And attitude towards using have also affect customer’s behavioural Intention to use. Through this study we can see that the trust is also one of the most important factors affect to customer attitude towards using and customer intention to use E-banking.
Corporate Performance, Board Structure, and Their Determinants in the Banking Industry

The subprime crisis highlights how little we know about the governance of banks. This paper addresses a long-standing gap in the literature by analyzing board governance using a sample of banking firm data that spans forty years. We examine the relationship between board structure (size and composition) and bank performance, as well as some determinants of board structure. We document that mergers and acquisitions activity influences bank board composition, and we provide new evidence that organizational structure is significantly related to bank board size. We argue that these factors may explain why banking firms with larger boards do not underperform their peers in terms of Tobin's Q. Our findings suggest caution in applying regulations motivated by research on the governance of nonfinancial firms to banking firms. Since organizational structure is not specific to banks, our results suggest that it may be an important determinant for the boards of nonfinancial firms with complex organizational structures such as business groups.
Mining high‐throughput screens for cancer drug targets—lessons from yeast chemical‐genomic profiling and synthetic lethality

The recent decrease in the rate that new cancer therapies are being translated into clinical use is mainly due to the lack of therapeutic efficacy and clinical safety or toxicology of the candidate drug compounds. An important prerequisite for the development of safe and effective chemical compounds is the identification of their cellular targets. High‐throughput screening is increasingly being used to test new drug compounds and to infer their cellular targets, but these quantitative screens result in high‐dimensional datasets with many inherent sources of noise. We review here the state‐of‐the‐art statistical scoring approaches used in the prediction of drug–target interactions, and illustrate their operation using publicly available data from yeast chemical‐genomic profiling studies. The real data examples underscore the need for developing more advanced data mining approaches for extracting the full information from the high‐throughput screens. A particular medical application stems from the concept of synthetic lethality in cancer and how it could open up new opportunities for personalized cancer therapies. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation of a New Fentanyl Patch Based on Functional and Non-functional Pressure Sensitive Adhesives

In this study, some single-layer and double-layer transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDSs) with different functional and non-functional acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) were prepared. For this purpose, fentanyl as a drug was used. The effects of PSAs type, single-layer and double-layer TDDSs on skin permeation and in vitro drug release from devices were evaluated using a hydrodynamically well-characterized Chien permeation system fitted with excised rat abdominal skin. The adhesion properties of devices such as peel strength and tack values were obtained as well. It was found that TDDS with –COOH functional PSA showed the lowest steady-state flux. Double-layer TDDS displayed a constant flux up to 72 h. In double- and single-layer devices after 1 and 3 h, respectively, drug release followed Higuchi’s kinetic model. Formulations with the highest percentage of –COOH functional PSA have displayed the lowest flux. The double-layer TDDSs with non-functional PSA demonstrated the suitable skin permeation rate close to Duragesic® TDDS and suitable adhesion properties.
Hybrid ARQ with selective combining for fading channels

We propose and analyze a hybrid automatic repeat request (ARQ) with a selective combining scheme using rate-compatible punctured convolutional (RCPC) codes for fading channels. A finite-state Markov channel model is used to represent the Rayleigh fading channels. We show that the hybrid ARQ with selective combining yields better performance than the generalized type-II ARQ scheme for fading channels. Furthermore, simulation results of real-time video time division multiple access (TDMA) transmission system are given. Better video quality can be obtained by our proposed scheme, with a bounded delay. Analytical results of throughput and packet error rate (PER) are compared to the simulated results. Our analysis based on a finite-state Markov channel model, is shown to give good agreement with simulations.
Compact UWB antenna with controllable band notches based on co-directional CSRR

In this paper, compact ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with controllable notched bands is proposed for UWB communication applications. The antenna utilizes co-directional complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) to achieve dual suitable notched bands in small enough size. The center frequencies of the notched bands can be electronically tuned by changing the effective electrical length of the CSRR, which is achieved by employing varactor diodes. The proposed antenna can also achieve reconfigurable notched bands by replacing the varactor diodes with two electronic switches. The total antenna dimensions are only 25 × 33 mm2 and shows good environmental adaptation, which makes it a good candidate for UWB applications.