Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
[Bile duct cysts in adults].

INTRODUCTION Bile duct cysts are rare, congenital dilations of the intrahepatic and/or extrahepatic biliary tract. Most of them present during childhood. The classical triad right upper quadrant pain, jaundice and abdominal mass is present only in a few instances. We report here the bile duct cysts which were diagnosed at our institution from 1989 to 1996. METHODS 3245 consecutive endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatograms (ERCP) were evaluated retrospectively. Diagnosis was made when localized cystic dilations of the intrahepatic and/or extrahepatic biliary tract were present. Diffuse dilations of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary tract were excluded. RESULTS Bile duct cysts were found in 20 patients (17 females, 3 males) among 3245 ERCPs. Their mean age was 56 +/- 20 (median 64, range 10 to 83) years. The cyst types (according to the Alonso-Lej classification with the Todani modification) were type I in 11 (55%), type II, III and IV in two instances each (10%), and type V (or Caroli's disease) in 3 patients (15%). Leading symptoms were cholestasis in 14 patients, 10 of whom had abdominal pain, jaundice in 4 patients, and single cases of pancreatitis, cholangitis, and abdominal mass. In 2 patients the diagnosis was made incidentally. 10 patients had bile duct stones. We performed endoscopic sphincterotomy in 15 patients with concretions or persistent symptoms, 3 patients had cyst resection. One of these, with a type I cyst, already had a disseminated cholangiocarcinoma. 10 of 17 patients without cyst resection are currently symptom-free after complete removal of all gallstones. One male patient with cholecystolithiasis, who is not operable due to advanced liver disease, has recurrent cholangitis, 4 patients have died from causes unrelated to the bile duct cysts, and 2 patients are lost to follow up. CONCLUSION Bile duct cysts in adults are rare. There is a preponderance in the female gender, and the most common type is the extrahepatic (choledochal) cyst. The leading symptoms are cholestasis and right upper quadrant pain. There is an increased risk of cholangiocarcinoma. In young patients the cysts should be entirely removed to prevent malignancy. Older persons are usually symptomless after complete removal of gallstones.
Estimating the evidential value of significant results in psychological science

Quantifying evidence is an inherent aim of empirical science, yet the customary statistical methods in psychology do not communicate the degree to which the collected data serve as evidence for the tested hypothesis. In order to estimate the distribution of the strength of evidence that individual significant results offer in psychology, we calculated Bayes factors (BF) for 287,424 findings of 35,515 articles published in 293 psychological journals between 1985 and 2016. Overall, 55% of all analyzed results were found to provide BF > 10 (often labeled as strong evidence) for the alternative hypothesis, while more than half of the remaining results do not pass the level of BF = 3 (labeled as anecdotal evidence). The results estimate that at least 82% of all published psychological articles contain one or more significant results that do not provide BF > 10 for the hypothesis. We conclude that due to the threshold of acceptance having been set too low for psychological findings, a substantial proportion of the published results have weak evidential support.
Equal Gain Combining for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks

Sensing with equal gain combining (SEGC), a novel cooperative spectrum sensing technique for cognitive radio networks, is proposed. Cognitive radios simultaneously transmit their sensing results to the fusion center (FC) over multipath fading reporting channels. The cognitive radios estimate the phases of the reporting channels and use those estimates for coherent combining of the sensing results at the FC. A global decision is made at the FC by comparing the received signal with a threshold. We obtain the global detection probabilities and secondary throughput exactly through a moment generating function approach. We verify our solution via system simulation and demonstrate that the Chernoff bound and central limit theory approximation are not tight. The cases of hard sensing and soft sensing are considered and we provide examples in which hard sensing is advantageous to soft sensing. We contrast the performance of SEGC with maximum ratio combining of the sensors' results and provide examples where the former is superior. Furthermore, we evaluate the performance of SEGC against existing orthogonal reporting techniques such as time division multiple access (TDMA). SEGC performance always dominates that of TDMA in terms of secondary throughput. We also study the impact of phase and synchronization errors and demonstrate the robustness of the SEGC technique against such imperfections.
Seaweed allelopathy degrades the resilience and function of coral reefs

Coral reefs are in dramatic global decline due to a host of local- and global-scale anthropogenic disturbances that suppress corals and enhance seaweeds. This decline is exacerbated, and recovery made less likely, due to overfishing of herbivores that normally limit seaweed effects on corals. Seaweeds were known to suppress coral reproduction and recruitment, but in a recent study, we demonstrated that numerous seaweeds also directly poison corals via lipid-soluble allelochemicals transferred during contact. These allelopathic interactions may limit reef recovery once seaweeds proliferate and commonly contact remaining corals. Other recent studies suggest that seaweeds may also damage corals by enhancing coral disease or via release of water-soluble organics than stimulate damaging microbes. For some of these mechanisms, cause versus effect is not yet clear. Here, we suggest that these different mechanisms are not mutually exclusive, may interact in context-dependent ways, but need to be assessed under ecologically realistic field conditions where flow may limit impacts of some mechanisms.
A MAC Scheme for Excessive Data Transmission by Selecting Available Wavelength from the Farthest Node in WDM Bidirectional Ring Network

In this paper, we propose a MAC scheme for excessive data transmission by selecting available wavelength from the farthest node in order to reduce the number of transmission interruptions in WDM bidirectional ring network. The proposed MAC scheme searches available guest wavelengths in the following order; at first the wavelength which is assigned to the farthest node, then the wavelength which is assigned to the node located between the farthest node and the destination node, and lastly the wavelength which is assigned to the node located between the farthest node and the source node. The source node can transmit the data packets immediately because the data transmission by the guest wavelength assigned to the farthest node is hardly interfered. We compare the performance of the proposed MAC scheme with that of the conventional MAC scheme with respect to transmission interruption probability and mean packet delay by computer simulations. As a result, we find that the proposed MAC scheme can reduce transmission interruption probability and mean packet delay
Intrusion detection system using hybrid differentialevolution and group method of data handling approach

This paper proposes a new intrusion detection methodology based on hybrid of differential evolution (DE) and group method of data handling (GMDH). It focuses on intrusion detection based on system call sequences using text processing techniques. The hybrid DE-GMDH is used to classify a process as either normal or abnormal. This work presents the application of PCA and hybrid DE-GMDH to modeling high dimensional bench-mark DARPA-1998 database. For modeling and classifying the data, we adopted this combination of two stage PCA and hybrid DE-GMDH procedure. The presented technique shows significantly better results than other existing techniques avaliable in the literature in achieving lower false positive rates at 100% detection rate.
Prevalence of IgA-antigliadin antibodies and IgA-antiendomysium antibodies related to celiac disease in children with Down syndrome.

OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of celiac disease in children and adolescents with Down syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-three children and adolescents with Down syndrome were screened for IgA-antigliadin antibodies (AGA) and IgA-antiendomysium antibodies (EMA). Patients found to be either AGA- or EMA-positive were investigated further with intestinal biopsy. RESULTS None of the 43 patients had known celiac disease at entry into the study; 37% (16/43) were found to have AGA levels above normal, and 16% (7/43) to be EMA-positive. Of the 15 patients who underwent biopsy, 8 manifested villous atrophy. Villous atrophy was present in all 7 of the EMA-positive patients, whereas the villi were normal in 7 of the 13 AGA-positive patients who underwent biopsy. CONCLUSIONS EMA is a good immunologic marker for use in screening for celiac disease, and screening is justified in patients with Down syndrome.
ANÁLISIS AMBIENTAL DE MATERIALES BOTÁNICOS DEL NAUFRAGIO DE ZENCITY

Los restos del naufragio hallados en la ciudad de Buenos Aires, en diciembre del 2008, seencontraron en un espacio ganado al rio por el puerto. El sitio presento un componente botanico utilpara discutir aspectos ambientales y culturales. Segun diferentes fuentes documentales y arqueologicas(Weissel 2009), ese espacio fue utilizado desde el inicio del asentamiento espanol hasta fines de sigloXVIII. Un espacio que luego fue rellenado y antropizado en gran escala durante los siglos XIX yXX (Holocwan 1995). En este trabajo nos ocupamos en presentar los criterios de organizacion de lacoleccion de muestras botanicas al que denominamos conjunto arqueobotanico (cordeleria, maderasantropizadas, maderas vegetales, antracologia). En este sentido, se presentan los criterios y analisispreliminares practicados sobre los materiales botanicos en gabinete.
The diffusion of CSR initiatives among SMEs in industrial clusters: some findings from Italian experiences

This paper shows the results of a survey carried out in two Tuscan industrial clusters and aims at analysing the adoption of corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives by local small- and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) in favour of employees, suppliers and consumers. In particular, we have analysed both the role of local stakeholders in stimulating the different initiatives and the issues that SMEs consider relevant for their business strategies. This study represents an innovative contribution to the research concerning the relationship between SMEs and CSR, and better defines the role played by the connections existing among local actors involved in an industrial cluster (in order to stimulate and promote CSR). Finally, the paper evaluates the types of correlations existing between the adoption of CSR initiatives and economic performance.
Effects of EMDR psychotherapy on 99mTc-HMPAO distribution in occupation-related post-traumatic stress disorder

BackgroundPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a derangement of mood control with involuntary, emotionally fraught recollections that may follow deep psychological trauma in susceptible individuals. This condition is treated with pharmacological and/or cognitive therapies as well as psychotherapy with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). However, only a very limited number of studies have been published dealing with work-related PTSD, and investigations on the effect of treatment on cerebral blood flow represent an even smaller number. AimTo investigate the short-term outcome of occupation-related PTSD after EMDR therapy by 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT. MethodFifteen patients, either train drivers suffering from PTSD after having been unintentionally responsible for a person-under-train accident or employees assaulted in the course of duty, were recruited for the study. 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT was performed on these patients both before and after EMDR therapy while they listened to a script portraying the traumatic event. Tracer distribution analysis was then carried out at volume of interest (VOI) level using a three-dimensional standardized brain atlas, and at voxel level by SPM. The CBF data of the 15 patients were compared before and after treatment as well as with those of a group of 27 controls who had been exposed to the same psychological traumas without developing PTSD. ResultsAt VOI analysis significant CBF distribution differences were found between controls and patients before and after treatment (P=0.023 and P=0.0039, respectively). Eleven of the 15 patients responded to treatment, i.e., following EMDR they no longer fulfilled the DSM-IV criteria for PTSD. When comparing only the eleven responders with the controls, the significant group difference found before EMDR (P=0.019) disappeared after treatment. Responders and non-responders showed after therapy significant regional differences in frontal, parieto-occipital and visual cortex and in hippocampus. SPM analysis showed significant uptake differences between patients and controls in the orbitofrontal cortex (Brodmann 11) and the temporal pole (Brodmann 38) both before and after treatment. A significant tracer distribution difference present before treatment in the uncus (Brodmann 36) disappeared after treatment, while a significant difference appeared in the lateral temporal lobe (Brodmann 21). ConclusionSignificant 99mTc-HMPAO uptake regional differences were found, mainly in the peri-limbic cortex, between PTSD patients and controls exposed to trauma but not developing PTSD. Tracer uptake differences between responders and patients not responding to EMDR were found after treatment suggesting a trend towards normalization of tracer distribution after successful therapy. These findings in occupational related PTSD are consistent with previously described effects of psychotherapy on anxiety disorders.
Pyogenic hepatic abscess. Changing trends over 42 years.

OBJECTIVE The authors document changes in the etiology, diagnosis, bacteriology, treatment, and outcome of patients with pyogenic hepatic abscesses over the past 4 decades. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Pyogenic hepatic abscess is a highly lethal problem. Over the past 2 decades, new roentgenographic methods, such as ultrasound, computed tomographic scanning, direct cholangiography, guided aspiration, and percutaneous drainage, have altered both the diagnosis and treatment of these patients. A more aggressive approach to the management of hepatobiliary and pancreatic neoplasms also has resulted in an increased incidence of this problem METHODS The records of 233 patients with pyogenic liver abscesses managed over a 42-year period were reviewed. Patients treated from 1952 to 1972 (n = 80) were compared with those seen from 1973 to 1993 (n = 153). RESULTS From 1973 to 1993, the incidence increased from 13 to 20 per 100,000 hospital admissions (p < 0.01. Patients managed from 1973 to 1993 were more likely (p < 0.01) to have an underlying malignancy (52% vs. 28%) with most of these (81%) being a hepatobiliary or pancreatic cancer. The 1973 to 1993 patients were more likely (p < 0.05) to be infected with streptococcal (53% vs. 30%) or Pseudomonas (30% vs. 9%) species or to have mixed bacterial and fungal 26% vs. 1%) infections. The recent patients also were more likely (p < 0.05) to be managed by percutaneous abscess drainage (45% vs. 0%). Despite having more underlying problems, overall mortality decreased significantly (p < 0.01) from 65% (in 1952 to 1972 period) to 31% (in 1973 to 1993 period). The reduction was greatest for patients with multiple abscesses (88% vs. 44%; p < 0.05) with either a malignant or a benign biliary etiology (90% vs. 38%; p < 0.05). Mortality was increased (p < 0.02) in patients with mixed bacterial and fungal abscesses (50%). From 1973 to 1993, mortality was lower (p = 0.19) with open surgical as opposed to percutaneous abscess drainage (14% vs. 26%). CONCLUSIONS Significant changes have occurred in the etiology, diagnosis, bacteriology, treatment, and outcome patients with pyogenic hepatic abscesses over the past 4 decades. However, mortality remains high, and proper management continues to be a challenge. Appropriate systemic antibiotics and fungal agents as well as adequate surgical, percutaneous, or biliary drainage are required for the best results.
Fault detection in multi-phase two-level inverters using Cauchy distribution of normalized phase currents

In this paper, a novel detection algorithm for open switch fault detection is presented; fault signals are utilized to implement fault tolerant control of a five phase PMSM drive. According to the presented method, output currents of the power converter are normalized with a simple method, and then using current average value an appropriate detection index is obtained. The proposed idea is fast, simple, and robust against false alarms. It is also capable of detecting multiple open switch faults. Theory is explained; simulation results are demonstrated for different faulty modes in Matlab. Finally, simulation results of a five phase PMSM drive equipped with fault detection method with closed loop control are presented to show its effectiveness.
Paxillin: A cytoskeletal target for tyrosine kinases

Paxillin is a recently identified member of the complex of cytoskeletal proteins that is found concentrated in cultured cells and in vivo at the cytoplasmic face of regions of cell attachment to the extracellular matrix. These sites, in view of their close proximity to the extracellular matrix, are well positioned to act as signal‐transducing centers to ‘report on’ changes in the cells, immediate environment. Recent findings indicate that such signals are in part mediated through the activation of tyrosine kinases concentrated at the sites of adhesion. Changes in the phosphotyrosine content of paxillin accompanying this elevation in kinase activity suggest that paxillin may be an important intermediary in these pathways.
Modelling and performance of a DVB-T2 channel estimator and equaliser for different pilot patterns

In this paper the performance of a pilot aided channel estimator and equalizer for DVB-T2 for the 8 different pilot patterns are explore. In addition to, develop a system that adopts the pilot pattern that provides the best bit error rate (BER) performance for the certain radio environment in which the receiver operates. This scheme will enhance the performance of current DVB-T2 transmission system. We test our system using different types of channel estimation scheme with increasing levels of computation complexity namely: Linear interpolation (Step), Linear Interpolation Order 0(Line0), Linear Interpolation Order 1 (Line1) and Spline Least Squares Best Fit estimators; which have been proposed to estimate the Channel Frequency Response (CFR) between the pilots' location. In this paper, the performance results for SISO by producing BER against SNR graphs is analyzed and presented for different configurations such as QAM modulation orders, number of sub-carriers and type of pilot patterns for different radio environments.
The Effect of Delocalized Plans on Spreadsheet Comprehension: A Controlled Experiment

Spreadsheets are widely used in industry. Spreadsheets also suffer from typical software engineering issues. Previous research shows that they contain code smells, lack documentation and tests, and have a long live span during which they are transferred multiple times among users. These transfers highlight the importance of spreadsheet comprehension. Therefore, in this paper, we analyze the effect of the organization of formulas on spreadsheet comprehension. To that end, we conduct a controlled experiment with 107 spreadsheet users, divided into two groups. One group receives a model where the formulas are organized such that all related components are grouped closely together, while the other group receives a model where the components are spread far and wide across the spreadsheet. All subjects perform the same set of comprehension tasks on their spreadsheet. The results indicate that the way formulas are located relative to each other in a spreadsheet, influences the performance of the subjects in their ability to comprehend and adapt the spreadsheet. Especially for the comprehension tasks, the subjects perform better on the model where the formulas were grouped closely together. For the adaptation tasks, we found that the length of the calculation chain influences the performance of the subjects more than the location of the formulas itself.
Democracy and Economic Performance : Micro Evidence from Brazil 1

This paper creates democracy indicators for over 4000 municipalities in Brazil, and studies their impact on economic performance. Municipality-level growth regressions control for the effects of local crop production and their price movements, the sectoral composition of the local economy, income inequality, inflation, ethnic and religious composition of the population, and a conditional convergence parameter, in addition to two democracy indicators: Political Participation and Political Competition. Participation measures voting rates and competition measures the closeness of election outcomes. Both have statistically and economically significant effects on growth, but in opposite directions. Participation enhances growth partly by forcing politicians to provide more public services, while competition deters growth possibly due to the wasteful conflict expenditures associated with stiffer political competition. These results help clarify the lack of consensus in the cross-country democracy-growth literature. Ahmed Mushfiq Mobarak University of Colorado, Boulder