Mesofauna Influence on Hamification Process of Vegetable Oddments with Partticipation Microarthropod

Relevance of the studied problem is caused by the fact that stability of natural ecosystems strongly depends on functioning of their destructive block which closes a biological circulation. The organisms that ensure functioning of the destructive block are very different and numerous. All of them partly supplement, partly duplicate functions of each other that is an important factor of reliability of this ecosystem block. Shallow arthropods are important regulators of fossils mineralization and immobilizations of various biogens. Experiments demonstrate that if there are microarthropods, humification processes amplify and the optical density of humic acids raises. The aim of the article is to show degree and depth of change of mineralization and humification processes at the interaction of microarthropods and some mesofauna representatives in the processes of transformation of organic substance of vegetable oddments on the basis of experimental research. The most popular method to a research of this problem is the creation of laboratory microecosystems which have a clear boundary, which are easily reproduced and convenient for experimenting with subsequent instrumental determination of quantitative and qualitative humification parameters. In the course of experimental work it is revealed that the activity of soilforming invertebrates results in strengthening humification processes. Humification rates, transformation depth of organic substance directly depend on cenotic organization of destructors. It is obvious that, the more complete the composition of biodegradative agents, the more intensive the decomposition process, the stronger the humification processes prevail over mineralization, the higher their maturity degree. All above-mentioned has a huge value to preserve a long-term fertility and high agronomical soil value, both in agrophitocenosis, and in natural biogeocenosis. 7536 Y. V. SIMONOV, I. A. SVETKINA AND K. V. KRUCHKOV environmental-forming ("engineering") activity and it emphasizes important functional value of these animals and enables to consider complexity and variety of their participation in ecosystem processes (Anderson, 2000; Cassagne, Gers & Gauquelin, 2003; Wardle, 2002). However, the lack of quantitative assessments of activity of soil invertebrates reflects in underestimation of the functional activity of animals-destructors at the creation of quantitative models of basic processes of a biological circulation (Byzova, 1987). The complex of soil invertebrates includes different functional cenotic groups that differ in a feeding way, food digestion and an activity form (Perel & Karpachevsky, 1968). A saprophage is the most typical for them, which comprises most soil animals. The role of a saprophile complex in biogeocenosis is direct biochemical and physical impact on fossils, and also stimulation of saprophytic complex’s activity. The transformation of a dead soil cover proceeds as a uniform soil and biological process submitting to particular regularities. The main factor of this process is the activity of microorganisms and soil micro and mesofauna (Wallwork, 1976). The most fissile degradative agents of a laying are earthworms and wood lice, which are defined as nitro and carboliberants or humificators and mineralizers. The main role of earthworms in a forest laying is the acceleration of a decomposition process, the increase of humic substances, the increase of abundance and a ratio of functional microorganisms groups (Satchell, 1967). The function of wood lice in a destruction is mechanic destruction of a leaf fall and increase the number of microorganisms in it as the decomposition processes of proteins and other nitrogen-containing substances in their intestines are poor (Reves & Tiedje, 1976). Microarthropod is a consumer of the second order regulating microbiological activity and a ratio of humification and mineralization processes (Bengtsson & Rundgren, 1983; Cassagne, Gers & Gauquelin, 2003; Visser, Whittaker & Parkinson, 1981). It is possible to assume that at the interaction and various combination of biodegradative agents there are considerable changes in mineralization and humification processes of vegetable debris, knowledge about which will enable to predict and operate soil agronomical value.