Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cooperative Multiagent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (CoMADDPG) for Intelligent Connected Transportation with Unsignalized Intersection

Unsignalized intersection control is one of the most critical issues in intelligent transportation systems, which requires connected and automated vehicles to support more frequent information interaction and on-board computing. It is very promising to introduce reinforcement learning in the unsignalized intersection control. However, the existing multiagent reinforcement learning algorithms, such as multiagent deep deterministic policy gradient (MADDPG), hardly handle a dynamic number of vehicles, which cannot meet the need of the real road condition. Thus, this paper proposes a Cooperative MADDPG (CoMADDPG) for connected vehicles at unsignalized intersection to solve this problem. Firstly, the scenario of multiple vehicles passing through an unsignalized intersection is formulated as a multiagent reinforcement learning (RL) problem. Secondly, MADDPG is redefined to adapt to the dynamic quantity agents, where each vehicle selects reference vehicles to construct a partial stationary environment, which is necessary for RL. Thirdly, this paper incorporates a novel vehicle selection method, which projects the reference vehicles on a virtual lane and selects the largest impact vehicles to construct the environment. At last, an intersection simulation platform is developed to evaluate the proposed method. According to the simulation result, CoMADDPG can reduce average travel time by 39.28% compared with the other optimization-based methods, which indicates that CoMADDPG has an excellent prospect in dealing with the scenario of unsignalized intersection control.
ASYMPTOTIC PROPERTIES OF THE CONDITIONAL HAZARD FUNCTION AND ITS MAXIMUM ESTIMATION UNDER RIGHT-CENSORING AND LEFT-TRUNCATION

Gneyou[6, 7] considered the estimation of the maximum hazard rate under random censorship with covariate random and established strong representation and strong uniform consistency with rate of the estimate. Then he studied the asymptotic normality of his estimator. Agbokou et al.[2] generalize this work to the case of right censored and left truncated data with covariate and established strong representation and strong uniform consistency with rate of the estimate of the said estimator and of a non-parametric estimator of its maximum value. The aim of this paper is to study the asymptotic normality result of the two non-parametric estimators.
A Tunable Trisection Bandpass Filter with Constant Fractional Bandwidth Based on Magnetic Coupling

─ A tunable microstrip trisection bandpass filter with source-load coupling is proposed in this paper. Magnetic cross coupling structure based on varactor loaded open ring resonators is employed. No extra capacitor is used to adjust the coupling coefficients directly. Normalized coupling matrix M is used to calculate the frequency response, and formulas for computing the S parameters based on the resonator with unconventional phase performance are given. Coupling coefficients are investigated by computing the integral of the distributed voltage/current and it is proved that the coupling coefficients can meet the requirements of constant fractional bandwidth (CFBW). Due to the magnetic cross coupled trisection structure and the electrical source-load coupling, this tunable filter has three transmission zeros at finite frequency which can effectively improve the frequency selectivity. The measurement agrees well with the simulation. The center frequency can be tuned from 1097 MHz to 1936 MHz. In this tuning range, the insertion loss varies from 7.8 dB to 4 dB. A constant fractional bandwidth of about 5% is achieved. Index Terms ─ cross-coupling, trisection filter, tunable bandpass filter.
Potential health benefit of underutilized fruits: A review

The diet of the large group of population is deficient in many vital nutrients and bio active compounds posing a constraint to achieve nutritional security. So, to address this problem a large number of underutilized fruits can be used to fill the gap and achieve nutritional security. These underutilised foods also possess therapeutic potential which when used efficiently can prevent and manage large number of degenerative diseases. In this article some of the underutilized fruits and their potential health benefits are reviewed. The fruits reviewed are: Monkey Jack fruit, Jambura, Karonda, Jujube (Ber), Wood apple, Stone apple, Hog apple, Lasoda and Velvet apple.
Title Filling a Niche ? The Maize Productivity Impacts of Adaptive Breeding by a Local Seed Company in Kenya Permalink

This paper explores the idea that a competitive seed system may systematically underserve farmers in small, agro-ecological niches, leaving potential yield gains on the table and farmers in these areas less productive and poorer than they need be. We develop a simple theoretical model that illustrates how a confluence of demand and supply factors can result in such an underserviced equilibrium. To study the empirical veracity of this model, we study the disruption of the maize seed market in Western Kenya that took place when a combination of public sector foundation breeding and social impact investment capital allowed a local seed company to expand and target a niche agro-ecological zone with adaptively-bred maize varieties. A three-year randomized controlled trial reveals that the impacts of these seed varieties on farmer yields and revenues in the niche market were substantial, both for better-resourced farmers (who used nonadapted hybrids and fertilizer prior to the intervention) as well less well-resourced farmers (who did not). Taken together, this theoretical and empirical evidence suggests news ways for thinking about seeds systems in areas typified by the high levels of agro-ecological heterogeneity found in important parts of sub-Saharan Africa. Samuel S. Bird Department of Economics, Accounting, and Management Luther College Decorah, IA 52101 birdsa01@luther.edu Michael R. Carter Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue Davis, CA 95616 and NBER mrcarter@ucdavis.edu Travis J. Lybbert Agricultural and Resources Economics University of California, Davis 1 Shields Avenue Davis, CA 95616 tlybbert@ucdavis.edu Mary W. K. Mathenge Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Management Egerton University Njoro, Naku Kenya mathengemk@gmail.com Timothy Njagi Njeru Tegemeo Institute of Agricultural Policy and Development Egerton University Kenya tnjagi@tegemeo.org Emilia Tjernström School of Economics University of Sydney A02 Social Sciences Building NSW 2006 Australia emilia.tjernstrom@sydney.edu. au
Of mice, flies – and men? Comparing fungal infection models for large-scale screening efforts

Studyinginfectiousdiseasesrequiressuitablehostsforexperimental in vivo infections.Recentyearshaveseentheadventofmanyalternatives to murine infection models. However, the use of non-mammalian modelsisstillcontroversialbecause itisoften unclear how well findings from these systems predict virulence potential in humans or other mammals. Here, we compare the commonly used models, fruit fly and mouse (representing invertebrate and mammalian hosts), for their similarities and degree of correlation upon infection with a library of mutants of an important fungal pathogen, the yeast Candida glabrata . Using two indices, for fly survival time and for mouse fungal burden in specific organs, we show a good agreement between the models. We provideasuitablepredictivemodelforestimatingthevirulencepotential of C.glabrata mutantsinthemousefromflysurvivaldata.Asexamples, we found cell wall integrity mutants attenuated in flies, and mutants of a MAP kinase pathway had defective virulence in flies and reduced relative pathogen fitness in mice. In addition, mutants with strongly reduced invitro growthgenerally,butnotalways,hadreducedvirulence in flies. Overall, we demonstrate that surveying Drosophila survival after infection is a suitable model to predict the outcome of murine infections, especially for severely attenuated C. glabrata mutants. Pre-screening of mutants in an invertebrate Drosophila model can, thus, provide a good estimate of the probability of finding a strain with reduced microbial burden in the mouse host. simultaneous investigation of large sets of mutant strains of the human pathogenic fungus Candida glabrata , and an individual infection screen for hundreds of fungal mutants in fruit flies. When comparing these models, the relative fitness of mutants of C. glabrata in murine infections predicted by using an alternative Drosophila melanogaster infection system. fly mortality predicts growth of fungal mutant strains in mouse better than in vitro pre-screens, indicating similar infection-specific functions of many fungal genes in both models. both
Diagnosis Report Generation Using Map Reduce Approach.

- It has been presented a challenging issue in processing large amount of data, especially in data redundant system. The conditional random field (CRF) model is applied in biomedical named entity recognition. The performance improvement of the CRF model is significant due to the internally sequential feature, which requires a new parallelized solution. There is classification Of disease on the basis of symptoms, cure, prevention, commonlyseen in (age). To keep these issues in mind we are implementing the solution with new virtibiLearning, MRCRF Using Fuzzy for CRF and Map Reduce technique respectively
IMPLICATIONS OF FINTECH DEVELOPMENTS FOR TRADITIONAL BANKS

As financial technology has developed, the Chinese government has deregulated banks. The first Internet-only bank was established in 2014, but the effects of Internet-only banking on traditional banks remain unclear. However, we discussed two stages (2009-2014; 2015-2018), namely before and after the entry of Internet-only banking into the financial market. Data envelopment analysis and regression methods were used to evaluate efficiency and performance and observe changes between banks in different periods, of 20 banks. The highlights of our findings are as follows: First, overall bank efficiency has improved since Internet-only banking entered the financial market. Second, in the era of low-interest spreads, banks are diversifying operational income while improving performance and efficiency. Furthermore, with the development of FinTech and competitive pressure, banks should downsize to strengthen their competitiveness and improve their internal environments. Finally, operating income generated by employees has increased, but profits have decreased, implying that employees are highly skilled and efficient. Thus, banks may be required to offer higher salaries, which reduce profits.
A Portable System for Measuring the Tactile Temporal Discrimination Threshold in Cervical Dystonia

Dystonia is the third most common neurological movement disorder after Parkinson's disease and Essential Tremor [1] Fahn. It is characterized by sustained or intermittent muscle contractions causing abnormal, often repetitive, movements or postures. The hypothesis of the pathomechanisms of dystonia is based on disordered inhibition affecting brainstem mechanisms of covert attentional orienting. Temporal discrimination is the shortest time interval at which an observer can discriminate two sequential stimuli as being asynchronous. Temporal discrimination provides a mechanism for probing covert attentional orienting [2]. Visually assessed temporal discrimination thresholds (VTDT) have demonstrated that covert attention is abnormal in cervical dystonia patients [3]. A portable system for V-TDT testing has been previously developed [4] , [5].
Flower Morphogenesis and Microspore Development Versus Anther Culture of Cucumber

Microspore development showed correlativity with the morphological characteristics of buds,and the color of anthers.The experiment was intended to determine the stage of anther development at which anthers could be optimally cultured,and the corresponding standards that could be adopted to select buds.The major factors affecting anther culture such as genotypes and pretreatment were studied,shich indicated that the buds differed in length with different genotypes at middle to later monokaryon stages of microspore development but did not differed in morphology with different genotypes;flower characteristies and anther inductivities of same genotypes differed at different stage of microspore development and the highest anther inductivity appeared at middle to late monokaryon stages.The pretreatment with low temperature was beneficial to maintaining microspore vitality.For anther culture,the pretreatment in dark with low temperature at 4℃ for 48～72 h was the most conducive to callus occurrence.The experimental results demonstrated that in the culture of cucumber anthers,the microspores could be optimally cultured at the middle to late monokaryon stages of microspore development and the bud-selecting standards were that the buds were 0.90～1.5 cm long and green,the crowns were not open in their top ends,and the anthers were white green or light green.
South China Sea throughflow impact on the Indonesian throughflow-grl29288

[1] In 2008–2009 the Makassar throughflow profile changed dramatically: the characteristic thermocline velocity maximum increased from 0.7 to 0.9 m/sec and shifted from 140 m to 70 m, amounting to a 47% increase in the transport of warmer water between 50 and 150 m during the boreal summer. HYCOM output indicates that ENSO induced change of the South China Sea (SCS) throughflow into the Indonesian seas is the likely cause. Increased SCS throughflow during El Niño with a commensurate increase in the southward flow of buoyant surface water through the Sulu Sea into the northern Makassar Strait, inhibits tropical Pacific surface water injection into Makassar Strait; during La Niña SCS throughflow is near zero allowing tropical Pacific inflow. The resulting warmer ITF reaches into the Indian Ocean, potentially affecting regional sea surface temperature and climate. Citation: Gordon, A. L. , B. A. Huber, E. J. Metzger, R. D. Susanto, H. E. Hurlburt, and T. R. Adi (2012), South China Sea throughflow impact on the Indonesian throughflow, Geophys. Res. Lett. , 39, L11602, doi:10.1029/2012GL052021.
Defra Project PE0120 – Project Title: Phosphorus mobilisation with sediment and colloids through drained and undrained grasslands (Final Report)

Management and overall support Roland Bol, Kit Macleod, Patricia Butler and Jane Hawkins (North Wyke Research, now Rothamsted Research) and Phil Haygarth (North Wyke Research, now Lancaster University) Objective 1: Richard Brazier (Exeter) and Gary Bilotta (Exeter/North Wyke Research, now Brighton University) Objective 2: Paul Worsfold and Laura Gimbert (Plymouth University) Objective 3: Roland Bol and Steve Granger (North Wyke Research, now Rothamsted Research), Pam Naden and Gareth Old (CEH Wallingford) Objective 4: John Quinton (Lancaster University), Jim Freer (Lancaster University, now Bristol University), Tobias Krueger (Lancaster University), Kit Macleod (North Wyke Research, now Macaulay Institute)
Characterization ofan R-Plasmid Associated with Ampicillin Resistance

Ampicillin-resistant strains ofShigella dysenteriae type 1 isolated in epidemics in Mexico, Central America, and Bangla Desh were examined for the presence of plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by gel electrophoresis. All strains contained a heterogeneous population ofplasmids. Transfer experiments to Escherichia coli K-12 indicated that the ampicillin resistance determinant (Apr) was located on a 5.5-megadalton (Mdal) plasmid identical in all Shiga strains examined, as judged by DNA hybridization and by its molecular properties. This 5.5-Mdal plasmid contained the ampicillin transposon (TnA) sequences. There was not a high degree of homology between the Shiga Apr plasmid DNA and DNA obtained from Apr Salmonella typhi strains isolated from typhoid epidemics in Mexico, previous to the dysentery outbreaks. Although low, the degree of reassociation observed indicated that probably part of the TnA sequence was present in S. typhi DNA. The DNA hybridization experiments showed, in addition, that there was a high degree of homology among Apr plasmids isolated from different enterobacteria, and this identity was confirmed by restriction endonuclease activity. These results together with their similarities in molecular and replicative properties indicate that the Apr plasmids, as was suggested for the Smr Sur plasmids, possibly evolved once and then epidemiologically spread in the Enterobacteriaceae.
Hierarchical Bayesian Small Area Estimation for Diurnal Data with Application to Recreational Fisheries

In this application, we are interested in obtaining predictions of the daily distributions of the departures of recreational anglers along the coasts of the United States, as a function of the type of fishing trip, its location and time of year. In order to reflect the circular nature of the departure times, we model them as projected bivariate normal random variables. We propose a new latent hierarchical Bayesian regression model that makes it possible to incorporate covariates and allows for spatial prediction and inference. We investigate a number of issues related to model specification, model selection and computational efficiency. The approach is applied to a large dataset collected by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The data of interest are collected through the Marine Recreational Fisheries Statistics Survey (MRFSS), which is a national survey of recreational fishing activities in saltwater. Such activities constitute a multi-billion dollar industry in the United States. The survey is conducted by an agency within NOAA. Its major goal is to estimate recreational fish catch by species and size class. These estimates are also broken down by region, by mode of fishing (shore, charter boat, private boat, party boat) and by season: (17 coastal states)× (4 modes)× (6 two-month waves) = 408 domains
Modeling silicate–nitrate–ammonium co-limitation of algal growth and the importance of bacterial remineralization based on an experimental Arctic coastal spring bloom culture study

Abstract. Arctic coastal ecosystems are rapidly changing due to climate warming. This makes modeling their productivity crucially important to better understand future changes. System primary production in these systems is highest during the pronounced spring bloom, typically dominated by diatoms. Eventually the spring blooms terminate due to silicon or nitrogen limitation. Bacteria can play an important role for extending bloom duration and total CO2 fixation through ammonium regeneration. Current ecosystem models often simplify the effects of nutrient co-limitations on algal physiology and cellular ratios and simplify nutrient regeneration. These simplifications may lead to underestimations of primary production. Detailed biochemistry- and cell-based models can represent these dynamics but are difficult to tune in the environment. We performed a cultivation experiment that showed typical spring bloom dynamics, such as extended algal growth via bacterial ammonium remineralization, reduced algal growth and inhibited chlorophyll synthesis under silicate limitation, and gradually reduced nitrogen assimilation and chlorophyll synthesis under nitrogen limitation. We developed a simplified dynamic model to represent these processes. Overall, model complexity in terms of the number of parameters is comparable to the phytoplankton growth and nutrient biogeochemistry formulations in common ecosystem models used in the Arctic while improving the representation of nutrient-co-limitation-related processes. Such model enhancements that now incorporate increased nutrient inputs and higher mineralization rates in a warmer climate will improve future predictions in this vulnerable system.
Mapping of soil micronutrient status based on GPS- GIS and biological properties of Ajang village of Dhule tehsil of Dhule district Mharashtra

Present soil survey in Ajang village of Dhule tehsil of Dhule district (Maharashtra.) India was carried out during 2017 by using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Geographical Information System (GIS). Study was conducted to know the status of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B and Mo and their relationship with soil properties. Total 129 surface soil samples were collected and analyzed to evaluate fertility status of soil and developed maps of Ajang village on the basis of nutrient status by using GIS. The results revealed that the study area soils were slightly too moderately alkaline in reaction and non-saline in nature. The organic carbon and calcium carbonate ranged from 0.75 to 6.00 g kg and 0.63-10 per cent, repectively. The soils were very low to moderate in organic carbon and low too high in calcium carbonate content. The available micronutrients Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B and Mo ranged from 1.56 to 6.54, 2.01 to5.32, 0.31 to 1.76, 0.78 to 3.94, 0.26 to 0.68 and 0.068 to 0.372 mg kg with mean of 4.35, 3.42, 0.65, 2.18, 0.50 and 0.157 mg kg, respectively. The soils of Ajang village were deficient in available iron (41.08%), available zinc (42.64%) and available boron (43.41%). The available Fe and Zn showed negative significant correlation with pH and positive significant correlation with molybdenum. Available B showed positive significant correlation with organic carbon. Available Fe and B showed negative significant correlation with calcium carbonate content.
Heterologous microsatellite markers/SSR used in buffaloes species

Assessment of genetic variability present in a breed is vital and it should be a basic component for working out conservation strategies and for designing genetic improvement programs for a particular breed. Molecular markers have been comprehensively exploited, throughout the world, to access this variability as they contribute information on every region of the genome, regardless of the level of gene expression. Microsatellites markers/ Simple sequence repeats are highly polymorphic and are presently the most favored molecular markers, essentially owing to the option of blending their analysis with use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). They are simple tandem repeats motifs of 2-6 bases in length. The SSR are popularly known as microsatellites. The most thoroughly studied type to date is of dC-dA type repeats. Since the number of tandem repeats at a locus can vary greatly, SSR markers tend to be amongst the most polymorphic genetic marker types. For example, one allele might have 10 copies of the AC tandem repeat (CA)10, whereas another allele would have 11 copies (CA)11, another 12 copies (CA)12, and so forth. The frequency of occurrence of one SSR per 6-10 Kb. The microsatellite markers used in characterization of a buffalo population has recommended by FAO (2007) out of which 25 usable markers have been identified and are mostly used in diversity analysis at ICAR National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (NBAGR).