Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mathematical Models of Video-Sequences of Digital Half-Tone Images

This chapter is devoted to Mathematical Models (MM) of Digital Half-Tone Images (DHTI) and their video-sequences presented as causal multi-dimensional Markov Processes (MP) on discrete meshes. The difficulties of MM development for DHTI video-sequences of Markov type are shown. These difficulties are related to the enormous volume of computational operations required for their realization. The method of MM-DHTI construction and their statistically correlated video-sequences on the basis of the causal multi-dimensional multi-value MM is described in detail. Realization of such operations is not computationally intensive; Markov models from the second to fourth order demonstrate this. The proposed method is especially effective when DHTI is represented by low-bit (4-8 bits) binary numbers.
On the range of random walk on graphs satisfying a uniform condition

We consider the range of random walks up to time n, Rn, on graphs satisfying a uniform condition. This condition is characterized by potential theory. Not only all vertex transitive graphs but also many non-regular graphs satisfy the condition. We show certain weak laws of Rn from above and below. We also show that there is a graph such that it satisfies the condition and a sequence of the mean of Rn/n fluctuates. By noting the construction of the graph, we see that under the condition, the weak laws are best in a sense. The range of random walk Rn is simply the number of sites which the random walk visits up to time n. One of the most fundamental problems is whether the process {Rn}n satisfies law of large numbers. Dvoretzky and Erdos (1951), Spitzer (1976) considered the ranges of random walks on Z d and derived strong law of large numbers. They used the spacial homogeneity of Z d heavily. We may need to take alternative techniques to consider the range of walks on graphs which do not have such spacial homogeneity. In this paper we consider the range of random walk on graphs satisfying a uniform condition (U). See Definition 1.1 for the definition of the uniform condition. This condition is characterized by potential theory, specifically, effective resistances. Not only all vertex transitive graphs but also some non-regular graphs satisfy (U). See Section 4 for detail. We state certain weak laws of Rn from above and below in Theorem 1.2. Under a stronger assumption, certain strong laws holds for Rn. In Theorem 1.3, we state the existence of a graph such that it satisfies (U) and a sequence of the mean of Rn/n fluctuates. This construction shows that under (U), the two convergences are best in a sense.
Quality Management in Spice Paprika Production: From Cultivation to End Product

There is ample historical and scientifically proven information regarding the health ben - efits of spice paprika, including favourable physiological effects, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Nonetheless, even though it is consumed in small portions, spice paprika has occasionally been reported for chemical/microbiological contamination, as well as fraud or food adulteration. Quality management can guarantee effective reduction of such contamination cases. Different production stages within cultivation and production are subject to different contamination types. Cultivation is a common source of pesticide residues, and unfavourable harvest conditions may give rise to mycotoxins by pathogenic fungi. Storage and post-ripening prior to processing is attributed with microbial contami - nation and possible increase in mycotoxin content may significantly affect quality features. Technology steps, for example, washing, separation, drying may worsen microbial contam - ination or quality, but normally do not lead to increase in mycotoxins; nonetheless, decon tamination technology is a prerequisite for microbial safety of the product. Upon effective decontamination, finishing steps in the processing technology, for example, grinding, pack aging and end product handling do not affect the microbial status, but other, occasionally deliberate contamination due to mixing and adulteration may occur at this stage.
INVITRO ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED USING THE EXTRACT OF GELIDIELLA Sp.

The eco-friendly synthesis of nanoparticles through various biological means helps us to explore various seaweeds for their ability to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). It was found that aqueous silver ions when exposed to aqueous extract of Gelidiella sp. are reduced in solution, thereby leading to the formation of the AgNPs within 10 min. at 121˚C. These AgNPs were characterized by means of several techniques. The nanoparticles show absorbance at 435nm on UV-Vis spectroscopy. The presence of proteins was identified by Fourier transform-infra red spectroscopy (FT-IR). The presence of elemental silver was characterized by Energy dispersed spectroscopy (EDS). The morphology of AgNPs was characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The synthesized AgNPs are very stable in aqueous solution for about 1 month without any sign of precipitation. The nanoparticles were assessed for their cytotoxic activity on Hep-2 (Humman laryngeal) cell lines.
Entomological studies on the impact of a small-scale irrigation scheme on malaria transmission around Ziway, Ethiopia

To evaluate the impact of a small-scale irrigation scheme on the level of malaria transmission in a semi-arid area, entomological studies were conducted in Zeway area, Central Ethiopia. Larval and adult anophelines were sampled during the dry and short-rainy seasons from irrigated and non-irrigated villages. Overall, significantly higher density of Anopheles larvae were found during the dry season in the irrigated village (Mean = 38.3 larvae/100 dips) than the non-irrigated village (7.4 larvae/100 dips). Canal leakage pools, irrigated fields and irrigation canals were the major sources of Anopheles mosquitoes. Larval and adult Anopheles pharoensis and An. arabiensis, principal malaria vectors in Ethiopia, were more abundant in the irrigated village than the non-irrigated village throughout the study period. Hourly light trap catches revealed that peak indoor and outdoor biting activities of An. arabiensis and An. pharoensis occurred during the early period of the night before the local inhabitants retire to bed. The majority of blood-engorged An. arabiensis (0.78) and An. pharoensis (0.69) had fed on humans, suggesting that their highly anthropophilic nature in Zeway area. Plasmodium falciparum infection rates of 1.02% and 0.54% were determined for An. arabiensis and An. pharoensis, respectively, in the irrigated village. This study demonstrated that due to poorly maintained irrigation structures, the irrigation scheme created conducive breeding grounds for malaria vector species, particularly during the dry season. Consequently, the period of malaria transmission might possibly extend from seasonal to year-round, involving the dry season. Proper water management coupled with environmental management such as source reduction could reduce vector abundance and hence malaria transmission in the irrigation schemes.
Perfection of unused Ni-Ti endodontic files, myth or reality? A scanning electron microscope (SEM) study

Endodontic rotary files have been developed to improve the quality of root canal preparation. However, such instruments have a risk of separation. In most cases, the files are not checked for quality before use. Instead, they are often removed from the packages, sterilized and used without being examined for the presence of imperfections or debris. Practitioners were always to be blamed of such mishaps, but recently there has been some investigations claiming that these files are not flawless and far from perfection. A sample of 50 files from 5 companies were analyzed under scanning electron microscope (SEM) with 100× magnification and given to 3 blinded endodontic observers to investigate the presence of manufacturing defects. The products of these companies were: Protaper, K3fx, Easy Race, Wave One and Twisted File. All files from each company presented all the 6 categories of defects. Each file presented at least two types of defects. Significant variation was found between companies and defects (p value = 0.03). This study showed that all the brands that had been examined had manufacturing defects in addition to imperfection in packing conditions; however, the electropolished instruments had significantly less imperfection, particularly in term of grooves and scratches. Key words: Polishing instruments, SEM, endodontic, rotary file, root cana.
Assessing the changes in drought conditions during summer in the Republic of Moldova based on RegCM simulations

We assess the changes in drought conditions during summer in the Republic of Moldova based on the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) calculated from monthly precipitation data simulated by the regional climatic model RegCM3. The RegCM simulations were conducted at a horizontal resolution of 10 km in the framework of EU FP6 project CECILIA. The domain was centered over Romania at 46 degrees N, 25 degrees E and included the Republic of Moldova.
Digital dangers and cyber-victimisation: a study of European adolescent online risky behaviour for sexual exploitation

Objective: The engagement and use of Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) has increased exponentially across societies worldwide with implications for social and psychological development in young people. In this context, the risk of negative sexual experience and victimisation online is known to have real world consequences for young people. This article seeks to: explore the nature of adolescent risk taking online behaviour from a group of young adults in different European countries; develop types of online risk profiles; explore the impact of help-seeking and to consider the potential real world harmful consequences. Method: A survey was administered across the United Kingdom, Ireland and Italy of 18 to 25 year olds in higher education, asking them about their online experiences between the ages of 12 and 16. Risky behaviour on and off-line, types of victimisation (on and offline) and sexual solicitation requests online were analysed together with help-seeking behaviour. Results: Four profiles concerning adolescent risky behaviours were identified through cluster analysis. Each were distinguishable by a pattern of latent constructs linked to risk offline and online. Two were considered normative (adapted adolescents and inquisitive online) and two high risk (risk-taking aggressive and sexually inquisitive online). Additionally, regression analysis demonstrated significant factors linked to predicting both likelihood of meeting an adult for sexual purposes, and help-seeking behaviour. Conclusions: The profiles developed are a useful tool for educators, police and health and social care practitioners in identifying adolescents at risk in order to undertake preventative work. Common help-seeking behaviour from peers could be used to effect interventions.
Gay Men Who Become Fathers via Surrogacy: The Transition to Parenthood

The current investigation explores how gay fathers who become parents through gestational surrogacy experience the transition to parenthood. Structured interviews were conducted with one of the partners in 40 couples that had conceived children via surrogacy. The interviews consisted of closed- and open-ended questions examining changes in fathers’ careers; lifestyles; couple relationships; relations with family of origin; friendships; self-esteem; and self-care. Thematic and quantitative analyses of the data were employed. The most striking psychological findings were that fathers reported greater closeness with their families of origin and heightened self-esteem as a result of becoming parents and raising children.
Significant Transmission of Multi -hop Heterogeneous Networks for medical Applications

From the last decade’s, HCS(Health care systems) are successful to monitor the health related issues of their patients, but there is a lagging to provides the prescriptions in right time. Therefore health is more precious irrespective of ageing of any human beings particularly in the case of senior citizens of every country. so, our paper proposing to provide prescriptions effectively in right time to the patient even that person is there in remote area through Advanced WSN. The aim of this paper is to monitor the patient health condition using WBAN (Wireless Body Area Network) as well as providing prescription effectively in time through ANT + technology, which is one act as an interface between Patient and HCS to exchange the information related to the health issues.
The effect of dietary fibre fractions from different cereals and microbial enzyme supplementation on performance, ileal viscosity and short-chain fatty acid concentrations in the caeca of broiler chickens

A fi ve-week-long experiment was performed on 960 one-day-old Cobb 500 cockerels divided randomly into ten experimental groups of 12 cages (replicates) of 8 birds each. The objective of the experiment was to estimate the effect of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) derived from various cereals and addition of microbial enzyme preparations on growth performance, ileal viscosity, liver weight and concentration of short-chain fatty acids in broiler chicken caeca. Barley and oats, hulless barley, naked oats, and rye constituted the majority of diets. Diets were non-supplemented or supplemented with a commercial enzyme preparation. Enzyme preparations signifi cantly improved feed conversion ratio and body weight gains (P<0.05) only in groups fed diets based on naked oats and rye. In all groups, enzyme supplementation decreased intestinal viscosity and increased the concentration of acetate and total short-chain fatty acids in caecal digesta with the exception of the group fed the diet with naked oats. The results indicate that not total dietary fi bre content, but the type of dietary NSP, as well as microbial enzyme supplementation, may infl uence the intestinal viscosity and performance of broiler chickens.
NONLINEAR SPECTRAL ASSOCIATIVE MEMORIES: NEURAL ENCODERS AND DECODERS FOR DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS

Nonlinear spectral associative memories (SAMs) are quantized frequency domain formulations of recurrent associative memories in which data bits are encoded in attractor waves and processed by recurrent spectral convolution. Spectral formulations hold several advantages over spatial formulations, including decoder/attractor separability, virtual nonlocal connectivity, and linear scalability. Synaptic weights are represented in the frequency domain and may be superposed in a single, on-line input to the neural decoder rather than a set of off-line parameters. As a result, SAMs are well suited for robust digital communications with no preprocessing required. Bit vectors may be transmitted over a noisy channel as superposed attractor waves and recovered by spectral neural decoding. Due to the inherent redundancy in the encoding process, noise immunity is built-in and non-local connectivity is realized virtually, maintaining high symbol-to-bit ratios while scaling linearly with the input vector. Simulations are provided showing how bit error rate (BER) decreases with convergence time, spectrum spread, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). INTRODUCTION Since Hopfield’s seminal work (Hopfield, 1982), recurrent associative memories have been extensively studied and new networks proposed (Kosko, 1987, 1988) in which non-linear feedback is used to recover stored patterns in the presence of noise. Because memory recall is initiated by partial or noisy patterns and carried out without an address, these networks are categorized as content addressable memories (CAMs). Associative memories bear a strong resemblance to holograms (Gabor, 1969), (Psaltis, 1985, 1990), (Owechko, 1989), due to the redundancy of stored patterns in the matrices that specify neural connectivity. Every neuron‘s local synaptic weight vector contains information about the global pattern. Like a hologram, the parts make up the whole and the whole makes up the parts; contained within the pieces of a broken hologram is the entire image itself. Such high degrees of redundancy lead to noise immunity, but usually at the expense of spatial dimension. Unlike cellular neural networks (Chua, et al., 1993), which are locally connected, CAMs are non-locally connected and therefore scale quadratically or polynomially.
Predator–induced take–off strategy in great tits (Parus major)

When birds are attacked by predators the initial take–off is crucial for survival. The strategy in the initial phase of predator evasion is probably affected by factors such as body mass and presence of cover and conspecifics, but it may also be a response to the character of the predator's attack. In choosing an angle of flight, birds face a trade–off between climbing from the ground and accelerating across the ground. This is, to our knowledge, the first study investigating whether the attack trajectory of a raptor affects the take–off strategy of the prey bird. First–year male great tits (Parus major) adjusted take–off angle to a model predator's angle of attack. Birds attacked from a steep angle took off at a lower angle than birds attacked from a low angle. We also compared take–offs at dawn and dusk but could not find any measurable effect of the diurnal body mass gain (on average 7.9%) in the great tits on either flight velocity or angle of ascent.
Near- infrared imager and slitless spectrograph (NIRISS): a new instrument on James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a 6.5 m diameter deployable telescope that will orbit the L2 Earth–Sun point beginning in 2018. NASA is leading the development of the JWST mission with their partners, the European Space Agency and the Canadian Space Agency. The Canadian contribution to the mission is the Fine Guidance Sensor (FGS). Originally, the FGS incorporated a flexible narrow spectral band science imaging capability in the form of the Tunable Filter Imaging Module –TFI, based on a scanning Fabry–Perot etalon. In the course of building and testing of the TFI flight model, numerous technical issues arose with unforeseeable length of required mitigation effort. In addition to that, emerging new science priorities caused that in summer of 2011 a decision was taken to replace TFI with a new instrument called Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (NIRISS). NIRISS preserves most of the TFI opto-mechanical design: focusing mirror, collimator and camera TMA telescopes, dual filter and pupil wheel and detectors but, instead of a tunable etalon, uses set of filters and grisms for wavelength selection and dispersion. The FGS-Guider and NIRISS have completed their instrument-level cryogenic testing and were delivered to NASA Goddard in late July 2012 for incorporation into the Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM).
Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Colleges: An Interpretive Study of the Piloting of Innovation Centres

The implications of college involvement in innovation and entrepreneurship through centres which promote such directions have as yet received little consideration. This interpretive study examines the sociocultural context of Ontario Colleges at the macro, medial, and micro levels of the organization. Findings describe government fiscal policy, profitability motives, bureaucratic organizational norms, incrementalism, and political and power relationships impeding successful integration of innovation centres into colleges. Such factors have precluded consideration of several significant philosophical issues. Privat- ization of college education, the research, community service and teaching roles of colleges, and the socialization role which colleges might play in inculcating values and skills associated with innovation and entrepreneurship have yet to be examined. Clearly, if colleges are to achieve purposeful direction-setting for the future, all involved with this system must engage in interactive leadership to decide upon values, motives and educational philosophy related to innovation and entrepreneurship.
Hierarchical Approach for Safety of Multiple Cooperating Vehicles

In this paper we present a hierarchical structure consisting of offline and online verification, ensuring the safety properties of cooperating vehicles; communicating either implicitly (e.g.: vehicle on left lane slowly opens gap, indicating the vehicle on right lane to merge in front of it) or explicitly via Car-to-Car communication with each other. The offline verification is based on the concept of reachability analysis of hybrid systems and aims at building formally correct and safe cooperative maneuvers for a group of vehicles. The online verification layer has the task of negotiating the possible cooperative maneuvers with other traffic participants and send the selected optimal plan to a low-level tube based Model Predictive Control (MPC). The MPC then calculates the control inputs to be applied to the actuators in order to guide the vehicle safely under the presence of model uncertainty and disturbance. In case MPC offers no feasible solution to the constraint optimization problem i.e. there occurs a constraint violation during the prediction horizon, the safety of the cooperative maneuver is ensured by an emergency planner, which aborts the current cooperative maneuver and brings the vehicle to safe state. The effectiveness and the performance of the hierarchical concept presented here are shown with an exemplary cooperative lane change scenario involving multiple vehicles.
Carbon Emission and Economic Growth Modelof Beijing Based on Symbolic Regression

With the continuous improvement of the economy, more and more attention has been paid to environmental problems. Beijing is China’s economic, political, and cultural center, and its low-carbon development by external concerns. In this paper, the relationship between economic development and environmental pollution is analyzed by using the symbolic regression method, which is based on the data of per capita CO2 emissions, total energy consumption, energy intensity, and per capita GDP in Beijing city during 1980-2015. The study found that the presence of the M-curve model between per capita CO2 emissions and per capita GDP, total energy consumption, and per capita GDP are in line with the traditional model of the EKC curve, and that the L-curve model exists between the energy intensity and per capita GDP, respectively, with promising performance. Based on our analysis, we present policy suggestions for reducing carbon emissions and developing a low-carbon economy in