Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Image Quality Assessment Based on Discrete Wavelet Transform

This paper scrutinize image quality assessment emanate from discrete wavelet transform. Image quality assessment endeavor to procure visual quality metric dovetail deftly with human visual cognizance. Full reference IQA technique juxtaposes a reference and distorted image and prognosticate ocular quality. This technique schleps out by discerning contrariety between empirical score with image impressionistic score through beholder rating. The intend of beholder is to rate the correlation present in test images. Discrete wavelet transform dispatch single-level one-dimensional wavelet decomposition. DWT anatomize signals and images into escalating finer octave bands. The propounded method was placed under scrutiny with public image datasets manifest highest correlation with subjective results than neoteric techniques. The posited method proffers impeccable revamping of signal consequent to conversion. The denouement promulgates prowess in locution of computational complexity, speed. KeywordsImage Quality Assessment (IQA), Objective Quality Measure, Full Reference Metric, Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT)
Z-frenuloplasty: A Better Way to 'Untangle' Lip and Tongue Ties

Introduction: An abnormal frenulum can cause aesthetic and functional problems such as a midline diastema, localized gingival recession, loss of sulcus depth and ankyloglossia. This may lead to problems with speech articulation and swallowing. The aim of this article was to highlight the use of a novel surgical technique used for the treatment of hypertrophic frenula known as Z-Frenuloplasty. Method: This technical note outlines the indications and procedure involved in performing a Z-Frenuloplasty. Incisions are made to raise flaps which are later repositioned in a ‘Z-plasty’ flap closure. In the case of maxillary diastema, the pre – maxilla scar tissue is excised and the site is left to granulate and heal. Sutures are removed a week later. Results: Z-Frenuloplasty helps to release scar contracture and relieve soft tissue tension. The appearance of a scar is also improved with this technique as it helps to both relax and re – align the tissues. This procedure can also be used to position a short frenulum more apically for better aesthetic and functional results. Conclusion: The appropriate management of hypertrophic frenula can be challenging but with the use of the Z-Frenuloplasty technique, it has been shown that favorable results can be achieved with improved aesthetic and functional outcomes.
SP 7 Y 5 , the Gene Encoding the Yeast TATA B inding Factor TFIID , Is Required for Normal Transcription Initiation In V ivo

Mutations in the S. cerevisiae Sf7Y5 gene welrr isolated as suppressors of insertion mutations that siter the transcription of adjacent genes. Molecular and genetic analysis of the cloned NW5 gene has shown that it is the same as the gene that encodes the TATA binding factor TFIID. Analysis of spf75 mutants has demonstrated that alterations in TFIID can change transcrlptlon inltiation In vlvo. in additlon, we demonstrate that TFIID is essential for growth and that spfl5 mutations are pieiotropic, as spfld mutants grow slowly and have defects in both mating and sporulation. Therefore, TFIID is an essential transcription factor in vivo, likely to be required for normal expression of a large number of genes.
A Highly Stretchable Fiber‐Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Self‐Powered Wearable Electronics

The development of flexible and stretchable electronics has attracted intensive attention for their promising applications in next‐generation wearable functional devices. However, these stretchable devices that are made in a conventional planar format have largely hindered their development, especially in highly stretchable conditions. Herein, a novel type of highly stretchable, fiber‐based triboelectric nanogenerator (fiber‐like TENG) for power generation is developed. Owing to the advanced structural designs, including the fiber‐convolving fiber and the stretchable electrodes on elastic silicone rubber fiber, the fiber‐like TENG can be operated at stretching mode with high strains up to 70% and is demonstrated for a broad range of applications such as powering a commercial capacitor, LCD screen, digital watch/calculator, and self‐powered acceleration sensor. This work verifies the promising potential of a novel fiber‐based structure for both power generation and self‐powered sensing.
Efficacy of Echinacea purpurea and protexin on systemic and mucosal immune response to Newcastle diseases virus vaccination (VG/GA strain) in commercial turkey poults

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Conservation Effects Assessment Project research in the Leon River and Riesel watersheds

The Leon River basin was selected as a benchmark watershed for the Conservation Effects Assessment Project to complement the historical USDA Agricultural Research Service experimental watersheds near Riesel, Texas. Excessive nutrient and bacteria concentrations contributed by agricultural, urban, and natural sources are the primary water quality concerns. Modeling and field evaluations of the hydrologic impact and soil and water quality response to tillage and nutrient management practices are the primary research themes of this project. Water quality data from 15 Leon River watersheds (0.3 ha [0.75 ac] to 6,070 km2 [2,340 mi2]) and 13 Riesel watersheds (1.2 ha [3.0 ac] to 70.4 ha [174 ac]) has improved modeling of phosphorus transformation and transport routines. Modeling research also coupled field- and farm-scale model output to improve the basin-scale Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for the national assessment of conservation practices. Additional key products of Conservation Effects Assessment Project research include innovative erosion control methods on military lands, enhanced carbon sequestration estimates for various agricultural land uses, and improved understanding of environmental and economic impacts of organic fertilizer application.
Woodpecker drumming behavior is linked to the elevated expression of genes that encode calcium handling proteins in the neck musculature

ABSTRACT Many animals perform elaborate physical displays for social communication. Identifying molecular mechanisms that co-evolve with these complex behavioral signals can therefore help reveal how forces of selection shape animal design. To study this issue, we examined gene expression profiles in select skeletal muscles that actuate woodpecker drum displays. This remarkable whole-body signal is produced when individuals rapidly hammer their bill against trees. We found that, compared with muscles that play no part in producing this behavior, the main muscle used to drum abundantly expresses two genes that encode proteins that support myocytic calcium (Ca2+) handling dynamics – namely parvalbumin (PV) and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 1 (SERCA1). Meanwhile, we found no such difference in the expression of another gene similarly vital to Ca2+ handling, ryanodine receptor 1 (RYR1). These differences are not present in a non-woodpecker species, which readily produce much slower drum-like movements for foraging (but not social signaling). Our data therefore point to an association between the fast drum displays of woodpeckers and muscle-specific expression of genes whose protein products enhance select aspects of myocytic Ca2+ handling. Highlighted Article: Drumming behavior in woodpeckers is linked to the increased expression of genes that encode proteins related to calcium trafficking, specifically in the birds' neck musculature.
Optical comb for generation of a continuously tunable coherent THz signal from 122.5  GHz to >2.7 THz.

We present a continuously tunable optical frequency comb generator (OFCG), with comb lines spanning over 3.8 THz which, to the best of our knowledge, is the widest span yet reported for a single-phase modulator OFCG system. The line spacing, exactly determined by a microwave reference, can be continuously tuned and, by heterodyning two lines, enables the generation of a continuously tunable electrical signal from 122.5 GHz to >2.7 THz. The composite noise of the heterodyne between two lines has been measured up to a record frequency of 300 GHz and is -75 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset at 300 GHz, limited by the multiplied phase noise of the reference synthesizer.
Development of sEMG sensors and algorithms for silent speech recognition

Objective. Speech is among the most natural forms of human communication, thereby offering an attractive modality for human–machine interaction through automatic speech recognition (ASR). However, the limitations of ASR—including degradation in the presence of ambient noise, limited privacy and poor accessibility for those with significant speech disorders—have motivated the need for alternative non-acoustic modalities of subvocal or silent speech recognition (SSR). Approach. We have developed a new system of face- and neck-worn sensors and signal processing algorithms that are capable of recognizing silently mouthed words and phrases entirely from the surface electromyographic (sEMG) signals recorded from muscles of the face and neck that are involved in the production of speech. The algorithms were strategically developed by evolving speech recognition models: first for recognizing isolated words by extracting speech-related features from sEMG signals, then for recognizing sequences of words from patterns of sEMG signals using grammar models, and finally for recognizing a vocabulary of previously untrained words using phoneme-based models. The final recognition algorithms were integrated with specially designed multi-point, miniaturized sensors that can be arranged in flexible geometries to record high-fidelity sEMG signal measurements from small articulator muscles of the face and neck. Main results. We tested the system of sensors and algorithms during a series of subvocal speech experiments involving more than 1200 phrases generated from a 2200-word vocabulary and achieved an 8.9%-word error rate (91.1% recognition rate), far surpassing previous attempts in the field. Significance. These results demonstrate the viability of our system as an alternative modality of communication for a multitude of applications including: persons with speech impairments following a laryngectomy; military personnel requiring hands-free covert communication; or the consumer in need of privacy while speaking on a mobile phone in public.
The Development and Application of the CRISPR/CAS System as a Powerful New Tool for Genome Editing: A CASe Study

Only a hundred and fifty years have passed since Gregor Mendel’s discovery of simple Mendelian inheritance. In a remarkably short amount of time humans have achieved such impressive feats as sequencing the entire human genome and gaining understanding of the causes of most genetic disease. However, despite the vastly increased understanding of genetics and mutation, we still struggle to specifically modify genomes at the single gene level. Genomic editing has application in a diverse range of technologies including drug development, gene therapy and synthetic biology. Despite the predicted utility of a successful gene editing technique, many current methods like Zinc Fingers Nucleases and TALENs have confounding issues like low efficiency, time-consuming procedures, and lack of specificity for both model organisms and humans. In the past several years, a new gene editing system, derived from bacteria, has arisen as a frontrunner for efficient and successful gene editing. This new system is based on clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR). CRISPRs are DNA loci that contain multiple, short, direct repetitions of base sequences which are inherited as a result of ancestral infections. They express CRISPR RNAs which are small strands of RNA that interact with invasive DNA. Cas genes code for proteins involved in CRISPR function. In nature, the CRISPR/Cas system makes up the prokaryotic adaptive immune system by defending against infection by plasmids and phages through silencing of exogenous genetic material. Researchers can now utilize this mechanism by inserting plasmids with Cas genes and specifically designed CRISPRs into an organism. This novel technique allows us to cleave the genome of most organisms, prokaryotic or eukaryotic, at almost any site. In this paper, the origin, applications, and future challenges of the CRISPR/Cas system will be discussed.
Psychometric properties of the questionnaire of cognitive and affective empathy in a Portuguese sample

Empathy is an important concept in psychology and cognitive neuroscience. Despite the controversy around its definition, most researchers would agree that empathy is a multidimensional phenomenon which involves a vicarious experience of another person’s affective state and an understanding of another person’s affective experience. Self-report measures of empathy constitute an important tool for both research and clinical practice. The main goal of this study was to adapt and study the psychometric properties of the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE), a worldwide used measure of empathy, in a Portuguese community sample (N = 562). Confirmatory factor analyses supported the factor structure of the original QCAE. Results show that the Portuguese version of the QCAE has sound psychometric properties, with good structural validity and internal consistency for both scales (i.e., affective and cognitive) and respective subscales of the instrument (i.e., Emotion Contagion, Proximal Responsivity, Peripheral Responsivity, Perspective Taking and Online Simulation). We tested both a five correlated factor structure (Model 1) and a second-order model that postulates the affective and cognitive dimensions (Model 2). Our results show that while both models present acceptable goodness of fit indices, Model 1 performs slightly better. In conclusion, the Portuguese version of the QCAE may prove a useful tool for future cross-cultural assessments of empathy in both research and clinical practice.
In vivo mitotic spindle scaling can be modulated by changing the levels of a single protein: the microtubule polymerase XMAP215

In many organisms, early embryonic development is characterized by a series of reductive cell divisions that result in rapid increases in cell number and concomitant decreases in cell size. Intracellular organelles, such as the nucleus and mitotic spindle, also become progressively smaller during this developmental window, but the molecular and mechanistic underpinnings of these scaling relationships are not fully understood. For the mitotic spindle, changes in cytoplasmic volume are sufficient to account for size scaling during early development in certain organisms. This observation is consistent with models that evoke a limiting component, whereby the smaller absolute number of spindle components in smaller cells limits spindle size. Here we investigate the role of a candidate factor for developmental spindle scaling, the microtubule polymerase XMAP215. Microinjection of additional XMAP215 protein into Xenopus laevis embryos was sufficient to induce the assembly of larger spindles during developmental stages 6.5, 7, and 8, whereas addition of a polymerase-incompetent XMAP215 mutant resulted in a downward shift in the in vivo spindle scaling curve. In sum, these results indicate that even small cells are able to produce larger spindles if microtubule growth rates are increased and suggest that structural components are not limiting.
Optimization of stream‐based live data migration strategy in the cloud

Live data migration in the cloud is responsible to migrate blocks of data from one emigration node to several immigration nodes. However, live data migration strategy is a NP‐hard problem like task scheduling. Recently, in‐stream processing is a new technique to process large‐scale data nearly instantaneously. This framework works fast that all decisions are made without a continuous stream of events. In this paper, we explore a real‐time live data migration strategy with stream processing paradigm. First, the nonlinear migration cost model and balance model are introduced as the metrics to evaluate the data migration strategy. Subsequently, a live data migration strategy with particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed. Two improvement measures called loop context and particle grouping are proposed. As an improvement of stream processing framework, nested loop context structure is a feedback to support iterative optimization algorithm. As an improvement of PSO, grouping particles before in‐stream processing are to speed up the convergence rate of PSO. Afterwards, we rebuild stream processing framework to implement these methods. The experimental results show the best performance of our method.
Decoding the Divergent Subcellular Location of Two Highly Similar Paralogous LEA Proteins

Many mitochondrial proteins are synthesized as precursors in the cytosol with an N-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS) which is cleaved off upon import. Although much is known about import mechanisms and MTS structural features, the variability of MTS still hampers robust sub-cellular software predictions. Here, we took advantage of two paralogous late embryogenesis abundant proteins (LEA) from Arabidopsis with different subcellular locations to investigate structural determinants of mitochondrial import and gain insight into the evolution of the LEA genes. LEA38 and LEA2 are short proteins of the LEA_3 family, which are very similar along their whole sequence, but LEA38 is targeted to mitochondria while LEA2 is cytosolic. Differences in the N-terminal protein sequences were used to generate a series of mutated LEA2 which were expressed as GFP-fusion proteins in leaf protoplasts. By combining three types of mutation (substitution, charge inversion, and segment replacement), we were able to redirect the mutated LEA2 to mitochondria. Analysis of the effect of the mutations and determination of the LEA38 MTS cleavage site highlighted important structural features within and beyond the MTS. Overall, these results provide an explanation for the likely loss of mitochondrial location after duplication of the ancestral gene.
Connexins in the control of vasomotor function

Vascular endothelial cells, as well as smooth muscle cells, show heterogeneity with regard to their receptor expression and reactivity. For the vascular wall to act as a functional unit, the various cells’ responses require integration. Such an integration is not only required for a homogeneous response of the vascular wall, but also for the vasomotor behaviour of consecutive segments of the microvascular arteriolar tree. As flow resistances of individual sections are connected in series, sections require synchronization and coordination to allow effective changes of conductivity and blood flow. A prerequisite for the local coordination of individual vascular cells and different sections of an arteriolar tree is intercellular communication. Connexins are involved in a dual manner in this coordination. (i) By forming gap junctions between cells, they allow an intercellular exchange of signalling molecules and electrical currents. In particular, the spread of electrical currents allows for coordination of cell responses over longer distances. (ii) Connexins are able to interact with other proteins to form signalling complexes. In this way, they can modulate and integrate individual cells' responses also in a channel‐independent manner. This review outlines mechanisms allowing the vascular connexins to exert their coordinating function and to regulate the vasomotor reactions of blood vessels both locally, and in vascular networks. Wherever possible, we focus on the vasomotor behaviour of small vessels and arterioles which are the main vessels determining vascular resistance, blood pressure and local blood flow.
The effect of genotype of broiler chickens on carcass quality in extensive rearing system.

Research was carried out on chickens of four genotypes: two slow-growing genotypes, Master Gris (MG) and Farm Q (FQ), one fastgrowing, Hubbard Classic (HC) and one medium-growing Red Bro (RB). To the age of 3 weeks, chickens were reared according to all technological norms for intensive production. After that period, chickens were moved and fattening in extensive conditions resumed, using unlimited free range. The significance of genotype on body mass was established. The greatest final body mass was established in chickens of the Master Gris genotype (1983 g) and the lowest in Farm Q (1371 g). Fast-growing chickens of genotype Hubbard Classic at the age of 84 days had body mass at the level of medium-growing Red Bro genotype at the age of 91 days (1730 g, and 1759 g, respectively). In accordance to the established body mass, slaughter yields of Farm Q broilers were significantly the lowest. Also, chickens of this genotype also had significantly (p<0.05) lower share of abdominal fat compared to other genotypes. Chickens of Master Gris and Red Bro genotypes had significantly greater shank length (22.57 and 21.01 g/mm, respectively), whereas in fast-growing genotype Hubbard Classic a significantly greater breast angle (90.15 degrees) was determined. Accordingly, share of breast (15.90 %), as well as share of breast meat (10.11 %) was significantly greater in carcasses of Hubbard Classic chickens.
Longitudinal Relationship between Interleukin-6 and Perceived Fatigability among well-functioning Adults in mid-to-late Life.

Background Chronically elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels contribute to fatigue and functional decline via multiple pathways that often lead to frailty. Lesser known is the contribution of IL-6 to fatigue in relation to a standardized workload (fatigability), a precursor to functional decline. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the longitudinal relationship between IL-6 and fatigability. Methods 985 participants from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (mean age: 70+/-10 years) were evaluated every 1-4 years. IL-6 was measured in fasting serum samples at each visit and log-transformed for analyses. Perceived fatigability (PF) was defined as self-reported exertion (Rate of Perceived Exertion; RPE) after a 5-minute, 0.67 m/s, 0% grade treadmill walk. Continuous and categorical associations between IL-6 (baseline and repeated measures) and PF were assessed using generalized estimating equations, adjusting for demographics, behavioral factors, and comorbid conditions. Results In fully adjusted continuous models, 2-fold higher baseline IL-6 was associated with a 0.28 higher RPE (p=0.03). This relationship tended to remain constant annually (baseline log IL-6 by time interaction p=0.29). To provide clinical relevance, the sample median (3.7 pg/ml) was used to examine high versus low IL-6 levels. Over time, the high group reported an average 0.25 higher RPE (p=0.03) than the low group. Annual change in logged IL-6 was not associated with annual change in PF (p=0.48). Conclusion Findings suggest that elevated IL-6 is a biomarker of physiological dysregulation associated with greater fatigability, but there is no longitudinal association between IL-6 and fatigability. Future studies should evaluate whether interventions that aim to reduce inflammation also attenuate fatigability.