Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Robust unobtrusive fall detection using infrared array sensors

As the world's aging population grows, fall is becoming a major problem in public health. It is one of the most vital risk to the elderly. Many technology based fall detection systems have been developed in recent years with hardware ranging from wearable devices to ambience sensors and video cameras. Several machine learning based fall detection classifiers have been developed to process sensor data with various degrees of success. In this paper, we present a fall detection system using infrared array sensors with several deep learning methods, including long-short-term-memory and gated recurrent unit models. Evaluated with fall data collected in two different sets of configurations, we show that our approach gives significant improvement over existing works using the same infrared array sensor.
A comparison of the efficacy of chef knife-cleaning methods

ABSTRACT Improperly cleaned and sanitized chef knives present a potential contamination risk and a source for foodborne illness. This study compared the efficacies of two cleaning methods (three-compartment manual dishwashing and sanitizer wiping) at removing food soils from contaminated chef knives. Knife-washing procedures were standardized after observing knife-cleaning behavior in a kitchen. Adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence was used to measure levels of organic soils. Results indicated that the three-compartment manual dishwashing was more effective at removing food soils from knife surfaces than the sanitizer wiping (P < .0001). This study also assessed the influence of other factors on the soil removal efficacies.
Conflict of Interest Declaration and Detection System in Heterogeneous Networks

Peer review is the most critical process in evaluating an article to be accepted for publication in an academic venue. When assigning a reviewer to evaluate an article, the assignment should be aware of conflicts of interest (COIs) such that the reviews are fair to everyone. However, existing conference management systems simply ask reviewers and authors to declare their explicit COIs through a plain search user interface guided by some simple conflict rules. We argue that such declaration system is not enough to discover all latent COI cases. In this work, we study a graphical declaration system that visualizes the relationships of authors and reviewers based on a heterogeneous co-authorship network. With the help of the declarations, we attempt to detect the latent COIs automatically based on the meta-paths of a heterogeneous network.
Maternal prepregnancy body mass index and initiation and duration of breastfeeding: a review of the literature.

BACKGROUND Previous studies have found an association between maternal obesity and overweight and breastfeeding (BF) difficulties, including delayed lactogenesis and shorter duration of BF. Biological, psychological, and mechanical causes have been linked with poor BF outcomes. Other review articles on this topic have included studies that measured maternal body mass index (BMI) in the postpartum period instead of prenatally, presenting difficulties in teasing out the role of gestational weight gain and prepregnancy BMI on BF success. My objective was to evaluate the relationship between maternal prepregnancy BMI, including comorbidities associated with overweight and obesity such as diabetes mellitus, and BF initiation and duration. METHODS Four PubMed searches were conducted, retrieving 13 articles. RESULTS Of the 12 studies reviewed that assessed the association between prepregnancy maternal BMI category and BF initiation, 9 found an association between maternal overweight or obesity and delayed lactogenesis or failure to initiate BF. One study found increased risk for not initiating BF only in Hispanic women, and 1 found the association only among women with medical comorbidities in addition to obesity. Of the 13 studies retrieved that assessed the association between BMI category and BF duration, 10 found an association between higher BMI categories and shorter duration of BF. Ten of the 13 studies reviewed adjusted for multiple confounders, including maternal smoking status, parity, type of delivery, and infant birthweight. The studies that found an association between BMI category and reduced duration did so in some cases only for certain ethnic/racial groups or BMI categories or if other comorbidities were present in addition to overweight/obesity. CONCLUSIONS Higher BMI levels can adversely impact BF initiation and duration. Further studies need to be conducted to better understand the role of race/ethnicity, gestational weight gain, and such comorbidities as diabetes in increasing risk for reduced BF initiation and duration in overweight and obese women.
Reliability and cell-to-cell variability of TAS-MRAM arrays under cycling conditions

The impact of 500k write cycles on 1kbits TAS-MRAM arrays has been evaluated by extracting a set of characteristic parameters describing the technology in terms of cell-to-cell variability and switching reliability. The relationship between switching voltages and cell resistances has been investigated in order to define the most reliable working conditions.
Supply chain coordination with wholesale price contract incorporating inequity aversion

Aiming at the problem that the traditional wholesale price contract cannot coordinate the supply chain,the paper studies the effects that inequity aversion has on coordination of supply chain by wholesale price contract with uncertain demand.Based on inequity aversion retailer assumption,a mathematical model is formulated which takes into considerations advantageous inequity aversion and disadvantageous inequity aversion.The results show that the wholesale price contract can improve the profit of the whole chain and better coordinate the supply chain in advantageous inequity aversion case, which enrich the theory of the wholesale price contract and facilitate its application in real life.In the last part of this paper,a numerical example is used to prove the findings.
Efficient implementation of log10 lookup table in FPGA

When implementing a mathematical function in h/w, we would like to minimize the required resources. This task is critical in FPGA designs. One of the popular techniques for implementing mathematical functions in h/w, is a lookup table (LUT) based design. In order to reduce the required memory size, the common implementations use a linear or 2nd order interpolation between a pre-defined set of input values for which the function values are stored in a LUT. In this paper we design an efficient FPGA implementation of a log10 conversion circuit. When trying to build such a circuit based on the conventional approach without scaling, one finds that the resulting error is unacceptable. We here suggest a simple ldquoautomatic scalingrdquo approach based on the mathematical properties of the log function that allows an efficient implementation. We then demonstrate the implementation of this approach in an FPGA.
Organization of the inner retina following early elimination of the retinal ganglion cell population: Effects on cell numbers and stratification patterns

The present study has examined the effects of early ganglion cell elimination upon the organization of the inner retina in the ferret. The population of retinal ganglion cells was removed by optic nerve transection on the second postnatal day, and retinas were subsequently studied in adulthood. Numbers of amacrine and bipolar cells were compared in the nerve-transected and nerve-intact retinas of operated ferrets, while stratification patterns within the inner plexiform layer were compared in these and in normal ferret retinas. Early ganglion cell elimination was found to produce a 25% reduction in the population of glycine transporter-immunoreactive amacrine cells, and 18 and 15% reductions in the populations of parvalbumin and calbindin-immunoreactive amacrine cells, respectively. GABAergic amacrine cells were also reduced by 34%. The number of calbindin-immunoreactive displaced amacrine cells, by contrast, had increased in the ganglion cell-depleted retina, being three times their normal number. Other amacrine and bipolar cell types were unaffected. Despite these changes, the stratification patterns associated with these cell types remained largely intact within the inner plexiform layer. The present results demonstrate a class-specific dependency of inner retinal neurons upon the ganglion cell population in early postnatal life, but the ganglion cells do not appear to provide any critical signals for stratification within the inner plexiform layer, at least not after birth. Since they themselves do not produce stratified dendritic arbors until well after birth, the signals for stratification of the bipolar and amacrine cell processes should arise from other sources.
[Echographic measurement of the inferior uterine segment for assessing the risk of uterine rupture].

BACKGROUND Ultrasonography has been used to examine the scarred uterus in women who have had previous cesarean sections in an attempt to assess the risk of rupture of the scar during subsequent labor. The predictive value of such measurements has not been adequately assessed, however. We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of sonographic measurement of the lower uterine segment before labor in predicting the risk of intrapartum uterine rupture. METHODS In this prospective observational study, the obstetricians were not told the ultrasonographic findings and did not use them to make decisions about type of delivery. Eligible patients were those with previous cesarean sections booked for delivery at our hospital. 642 patients underwent ultrasound examination at 36-38 weeks' gestation, and were allocated to four groups according to the thickness of the lower uterine segment. Ultrasonographic findings were compared with those of physical examination at delivery. FINDINGS The overall frequency of defective scars was 4.0% (15 uterine ruptures and 10 dehiscences). The frequency of defects rose as the thickness of the lower uterine segment decreased: there were no defects among 278 women with measurements greater than 4.5 mm, three (2%) among 177 patients with values of 3.6-4.5 mm, 14 (10%) among 136 patients with values of 2.6-3.5 mm, and eight (16%) among 51 women with values of 1.6-2.5 mm. With a cut-off value of 3.5 mm, the sensitivity of ultrasonographic measurement was 88.0%, the specificity 73.2%, positive predictive value 11.8%, and negative predictive value 99.3%. INTERPRETATION Our results show that the risk of a defective scar is directly correlated to the degree of thinning of the lower uterine segment at around 37 weeks of pregnancy. The high negative predictive value of the method may encourage obstetricians in hospitals where routine repeat elective cesarean is the standard procedure to offer a trial of labor to patients with a thickness value of 3.5 mm or greater.
Mg 2-Malate Co-Transport , a Mechanism for Na-Independent Mg 2 Transport in Neurons of the Leech Hirudo medicinalis

Günzel, Dorothee, Karin Hintz, Simone Durry, and Wolf-Rüdiger Schlue. Mg -malate co-transport, a mechanism for Na -independent Mg transport in neurons of the leech Hirudo medicinalis. J Neurophysiol 94: 441–453, 2005. First published March 23, 2005; doi:10.1152/jn.01221. 2004. Mg -extrusion from Mg -loaded neurons of the leech, Hirudo medicinalis, is mediated mainly by Na / Mg antiport. However, in a number of leech neurons, Mg is extruded in the nominal absence of extracellular Na , indicating the existence of an additional, Na -independent Mg transport mechanism. This mechanism was investigated using electrophysiological and microfluorimetrical techniques. The rate of Na -independent Mg extrusion from Mg -loaded leech neurons was found to be independent of extracellular Ca , K , NO3 , HCO3 , SO4 2 , HPO4 2 , and of intraand extracellular pH. Na -independent Mg extrusion was not inhibited by 4,4 -diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2 -disulfonic acid (DIDS), furosemide, ouabain, vanadate, iodoacetate, 4-amino-hippurate, or -cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate and was not influenced by changes in the membrane potential in voltage-clamp experiments. Na -independent Mg extrusion was, however, inhibited by the application of 2 mM probenecid, a blocker of organic anion transporters, suggesting that Mg might be co-transported with organic anions. Extracellularly, of all organic anions tested (malate, citrate, lactate, -ketoglutarate, and 4-amino-hippurate) only high, but physiological, concentrations of malate (30 mM) had a significant inhibitory effect on Na -independent Mg extrusion. Intracellularly, iontophoretically injected malate, citrate, or fura-2, but not Cl , -ketoglutarate, glutamate, succinate, or urate, were stimulating Na independent Mg extrusion from those neurons that initially did not extrude Mg in Na -free solutions. Our data indicate that Mg is co-transported with organic anions, preferably with malate, the predominant extracellular anion in the leech. The proposed model implies that, under experimental conditions, malate drives Mg extrusion, whereas under physiological conditions, malate is actively taken up, driven by Mg , so that malate can be metabolized.
Sparse Graphs for Belief Propagation Decoding of Polar Codes

We describe a novel approach to interpret a polar code as a low-density parity-check (LDPC)-like code with an underlying sparse decoding graph. This sparse graph is based on the encoding factor graph of polar codes and is suitable for conventional belief propagation (BP) decoding. We discuss several pruning techniques based on the check node decoder (CND) and variable node decoder (VND) update equations, significantly reducing the size (i.e., decoding complexity) of the parity-check matrix. As a result, iterative polar decoding can then be conducted on a sparse graph, akin to the traditional well-established LDPC decoding, e.g., using a fully parallel sum-product algorithm (SPA). This facilitates the systematic analysis and design of polar codes using the well-established tools known from analyzing LDPC codes. We show that the proposed iterative polar decoder has a negligible performance loss for short-to-intermediate codelengths compared to Arikan's original BP decoder. Finally, the proposed decoder is shown to benefit from both reduced complexity and reduced memory requirements and, thus, is more suitable for hardware implementations.
Harmonic Analysis of Advanced Bus-Clamping PWM Techniques

Special switching sequences can be employed in space-vector-based generation of pulsewidth-modulated (PWM) waveforms for voltage-source inverters. These sequences involve switching a phase twice, switching the second phase once, and clamping the third phase in a subcycle. Advanced bus-clamping PWM (ABCPWM) techniques have been proposed recently that employ such switching sequences. This letter studies the spectral properties of the waveforms produced by these PWM techniques. Further, analytical closed-form expressions are derived for the total rms harmonic distortion due to these techniques. It is shown that the ABCPWM techniques lead to lower distortion than conventional space vector PWM and discontinuous PWM at higher modulation indexes. The findings are validated on a 2.2-kW constant V/f induction motor drive and also on a 100-kW motor drive.
Guidance for Evaluating In Vivo Fish Bioaccumulation Data

ABSTRACT Currently, the laboratory-derived fish bioconcentration factor (BCF) serves as one of the primary data sources used to assess the potential for a chemical to bioaccumulate. Consequently, fish BCF values serve a central role in decision making and provide the basis for development of quantitative structure–property relationships (QSPRs) used to predict the bioaccumulation potential of untested compounds. However, practical guidance for critically reviewing experimental BCF studies is limited. This lack of transparent guidance hinders improvement in predictive models and can lead to uninformed chemical management decisions. To address this concern, a multiple-stakeholder workshop of experts from government, industry, and academia was convened by the International Life Sciences Institute Health and Environmental Sciences Institute to examine the data availability and quality issues associated with in vivo fish bioconcentration and bioaccumulation data. This paper provides guidance for evaluating key aspects of study design and conduct that must be considered when judging the reliability and adequacy of reported laboratory bioaccumulation data. Key criteria identified for judging study reliability include 1) clear specification of test substance and fish species investigated, 2) analysis of test substance in both fish tissue and exposure medium, 3) no significant adverse effects on exposed test fish, and 4) a reported test BCF that reflects steady-state conditions with unambiguous units. This guidance is then applied to 2 data-rich chemicals (anthracene and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) to illustrate the critical need for applying a systematic data quality assessment process. Use of these guidelines will foster development of more accurate QSPR models, improve the performance and reporting of future laboratory studies, and strengthen the technical basis for bioaccumulation assessment in chemicals management.
Injury incidence, mechanism and diagnosis in top‐level teamgym: a prospective study conducted over one season

The aim of this study was to evaluate injury incidence, mechanism and diagnosis in Swedish teamgym. Sixteen male and 26 female gymnasts with international experience were prospectively followed during one season of training and competition. Injuries leading to a modified participation or total absence from gymnastics during 1 week or more were registered. Twenty‐seven of the 42 gymnasts sustained 42 injuries. The injury incidence was 2.2/1000 gymnastics hours. No gender differences were found. Sixty‐two percent of the injuries were located to the lower extremity, 28.5% to the back and 9.5% to the upper extremity. The most common injury was ankle sprain and the most frequent mechanisms were joint compression and joint rotation. The majority of the injuries occurred in the landing phase of the gymnastics skills and 50% of the injuries were reported at the end of the training session. Eighteen injuries occurred while the gymnasts were in a negative state of mood such as stressed or afraid. Injury prevention programs should be developed with respect to these findings. Special emphasis must be placed on the landing phase of the gymnastics skills as this phase seems to be critical.
Spray pyrolysis of graphene oxide for field-effect transistor biosensor application

Field effect transistor (FET) with graphene oxide deposited on the channel for biosensor application is fabricated using p-type silicon on insulator (SOI) wafer. The graphene oxide (GO) is deposited by using an effective and low cost technique called spray pyrolysis mechanism on the silicon dioxide layer (i.e. after the silicon with 70 nm is etched). The physical surface topology is characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results show that the GO flake exist on the deposited area with thickness ranging from 3 nm to 8 nm. For electrical characterization, the device uses a back-gate to modulate the channel. Results show that the GO show better conductivity, stable response and less noise proving that it is suitable for biosensing applications.
Escitalopram Versus SNRI Antidepressants in the Acute Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder: Integrative Analysis of Four Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trials

Abstract Introduction: Recent data suggest that escitalopram may be more effective in severe depression than other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Methods: Individual patient data from four randomized, double-blind comparative trials of escitalopram versus a serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) (two trials with duloxetine and two with venlafaxine extended release) in outpatients (18–85 years of age) with moderate-to-severe major depressive disorder were pooled. The primary efficacy parameter in all four trials was mean change in the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score. Results: Significantly fewer escitalopram (82/524) than SNRI (114/527) patients prematurely withdrew from treatment due to all causes (15.6% vs. 21.6%, Fisher Exact: P=.014) and adverse events (5.3% vs. 12.0%, Fisher Exact: P <.0001). Mean reduction in MADRS score from baseline to Week 8 was significantly greater for the escitalopram group versus the SNRI group using the last observation carried forward (LOCF) approach [mean treatment difference at Week 8 of 1.7 points (P <.01)]. Similar results were observed in the severely depressed (baseline MADRS score ≥30) patient subset (mean treatment difference at Week 8 of 2.9 points [P <.001, LOCF]). Observed cases analyses yielded no significant differences in efficacy parameters. Conclusion: This pooled analysis indicates that escitalopram is at least as effective as the SNRIs (venlafaxine XR and duloxetine), even in severe depression, and escitalopram treatment was better tolerated.
The Determinants of Debate on EU Affairs in National Parliaments: A Quantitative Perspective

This paper analyses the activity of national parliaments with regards to parliamentary debates on European Union affairs in the plenary. It tries to determine the factors which can explain parliamentary activity in EU affairs in the form of debates. For this purpose, a computer-assisted content analysis was carried out on the share of EU keywords in parliamentary debates for two months each year from 1992 to the present in seven countries: Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Ireland, Spain and the United Kingdom. The analysis found marked differences between parliaments in terms of the proportionate frequency of EU keywords, and thus the extent to which they use debates as a form of parliamentary scrutiny in EU affairs. Formal rights of national parliaments do not have a significant impact on scrutiny activity in the plenary. By contrast, popular Euroscepticism appears to be an important factor in determining scrutiny activity, producing a different effect depending on the nature of the national party system. When national parties have a coherent internal position on the EU, popular Euroscepticism incentivises more parliamentary scrutiny through debates. However, if parties are internally divided over Europe, popular Euroscepticism actually leads to less debate, since party MPs want to avoid publicising their division. Popular Euroscepticism also produces different effects, depending on the presence or absence of issue entrepreneurs on Europe. Issue entrepreneurs here refer to parties for which Europe is a salient plank of their platform and which are critical towards it. Such parties arguably force debate over Europe and in their presence, popular Euroscepticism leads to an increase in debate on Europe. In their absence, for example if parties are collectively in favour of European integration or do not care deeply about it, they would want to avoid or minimise debate over Europe when confronted with Eurosceptic voters.