Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Telomere and Telomerase biology and its relation to aging process The significance of

Telomeres, found at eukaryotic chromosome ends, are made up of tandem DNA repeats(TTAGGG repeats). Telomere is heterochromatic domain and protect the chromosome end from rearrangement, end to end fusion and degradation. In most cells, the number of telomeric repeats is reduced with each cell cycle division. If telomeres are ever completely lost, the exposed chromosome ends are recognized as damaged DNA, activating a DNA damage response that can eventually lead to senescence or apoptosis. Telomerase - the enzyme that maintains telomere length in cells - counteracts telomere erosion and provides some somatic cells an unlimited proliferative potential in vitro.full Investigation of the association between telomere and telomerase can make useful contribution to prevention from human aging , aging syndromes and age related diseases. Keywords: Telomere, Telomerase, Aging syndromes, Aging process,
Grazer diversity affects resistance to multiple stressors in an experimental seagrass ecosystem

When multiple stressors act simultaneously, their effects on ecosystems become more difficult to predict. In the face of multiple stressors, diverse ecosystems may be more stable if species respond differently to stressors or if functionally similar species can compensate for stressor effects on focal species. Many habitats around the globe are threatened by multiple stressors, including highly productive seagrass habitats. For example, in Chesapeake Bay, USA, regional climate change predictions suggest that elevated temperature and freshwater inputs are likely to be increasingly important stressors. Using seagrass mesocosms as a model system, we tested whether species richness of crustacean grazers buffers ecosystem properties against the impacts of elevated temperature and freshwater pulse stressors in a fully factorial experiment. Grazer species responded to pulsed salinity changes differently; abundance of Elasmopus levis responded negatively to freshwater pulses, whereas abundance of Gammarus mucronatus and Erichsonella attenuata responded positively or neutrally. Consistent with the hypothesis that biodiversity provides resistance stability, biomass of epiphytic algae that form the base of the food web was less affected by stressors in species-rich grazer treatments than in single-species grazer treatments. Stochastic (among-replicate) variation of sessile invertebrate biomass within treatments was also reduced in more diverse grazer treatments. Therefore, grazer species richness tended to increase the resistance stability of both major components of the seagrass fouling community, algae and invertebrates, in the face of environmental stressors. Finally, in our model system, multi-stressor impacts suggested a pattern of antagonism contrary to previous assumptions of synergistic stressor effects. Overall, our results confirm that invertebrate grazer species are functionally diverse in their response to environmental stressors, but are largely functionally redundant in their grazing effects leading to greater resistance stability of certain ecosystem properties in diverse grazer assemblages even when influenced by multiple environmental stressors.
Antagonistic A2a/D2 receptor interactions in the striatum as a basis for adenosine/dopamine interactions in the central nervous system

From behavioural and biochemical experiments, we have found evidence for the existence of a specific adenosine A2a receptor/dopamine D2 receptor interaction in the brain. Behavioural data show that stimulation A2a receptors inhibits and their blockade potentiates a D2‐mediated locomotor activation in mice and that stimulation of D2 receptors counteracts on A2a mediated cataleptic effect in rats. Biochemical data show that, in rat striatal membrane preparations, A2a receptor stimulation decreases the affinity of D2 receptors and the transduction of the signal from the D2 receptor to the G‐protein. Based on these findings it is postulated that this A2a/D2 interaction might be the main mechanism responsible for the central effects of adenosine agonists and antagonists, like methylxanthines. The increased behavioural effect of methylxanthines after dopamine denervation could be explained by an increased interaction between adenosine A2a and dopamine D2 receptors. Membrane preparations‐denervated striatum are more sensitive to the effect of adenosine A2a receptor stimulation. Our results underline the potential antiparkinsonian action of adenosine A2a antagonists and the potential antipsychotic of adenosine A2a agonists. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
UJI AKTIVITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SINGKONG (Manihot utilissima Pohl) SEBAGAI LARVASIDA Aedes aegypti

Background. Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever is a very dangerous virus disease because it can cause people die quickly (a few days). One of the efforts to overcome the disease is using larvacide. Cassava’s leaves (Manihot utilissima Pohl) contain saponins and flavonoids that have larvacide activity. Objective. The purpose of this research is to know the activity of cassava’s leaves ethanol extract as larvacide of Aedes aegypti, to know the compounds that contained in cassava’s leaves, to determine concentration of cassava’s leaves ethanol extract which has larvacide activity with LC and to analyze larvacide activity comparison between cassava’s leaves ethanol extract and temephos. Methodology. 1125 instar III/IV Aedes aegypti larvae were used for this experiment which divided into nine groups. The groups were one negative control group (aquades), one positif control group (temephos) and seven experimental groups with concentration of 0,5%, 1%, 1,5%, 2%, 2,5%, 3% and 3,5%. Each group consist of 25 larvae. Each experiment was replicated five times. Mortality rate data was analyzed with One Way Anova Test and then continued with Tukey Test. Probit Analysis was used to know the value of LC 90 90, . Results. Cassava’s leaves ethanol extract has larvacide activity to Aedes aegypti with LC value at 2,613%. There is no significance difference of larvacide activity between cassava’s leaves ethanol extract with concentration of 3% and 3,5% compared to temephos. Conclusion. Cassava’s leaves ethanol extract has larvacide activity to Aedes aegypti. 90 Keywords: Ethanol extract, cassava’s leaves, larvacide, Aedes aegypti 1)Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tanjungpura, Pontianak, West Borneo 2)Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tanjungpura, Pontianak, West Borneo 3)Departement of Parasitology, Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tanjungpura, Pontianak, West Borneo
Effects of tropical rainforest roads on small mammals: fragmentation, edge effects and traffic disturbance

In north-eastern Queensland, impacts on small mammals of traffic disturbance were compared with those caused by physical presence of rainforest roads by trapping in the rainforest interior and adjacent to narrow, unsealed roads with traffic volumes of 264 ± 71 or 4.2 ± 1 vehicles per day. Of the three small mammal species that were most commonly trapped, the proportion and abundance of native Rattus sp. increased at higher-traffic and decreased at lower-traffic sites; the abundance of Melomys cervinipes was relatively constant at both traffic treatments and in the forest interior, and Uromys caudimaculatus decreased at higher-traffic treatments. Road crossings by the smaller rodents, Rattus sp. and M. cervinipes, were primarily influenced by the presence of the road, rather than increased levels of traffic, as crossings were significantly inhibited at both traffic treatments compared with the forest-interior control and there was no difference between traffic levels. Crossings by the larger, more mobile U. caudimaculatus were unaffected by road presence or traffic level. Therefore, increased traffic volume did not appear to affect small mammal movements or community structure. However, since higher traffic levels were not constant throughout the peak periods for activity of these nocturnal species, further investigations are required to determine whether constant nocturnal traffic disturbance may further restrict road crossings by small mammals and alter community structure adjacent to roads.
Fast track assembly of multigene constructs using Golden Gate cloning and the MoClo system

Recent progress in the field of synthetic biology has led to the creation of cells containing synthetic genomes. Although these first synthetic organisms contained copies of natural genomes, future work will be directed toward engineering of organisms with modified genomes and novel phenotypes. Much work, however, remains to be done to be able to routinely engineer novel biological functions. As a tool that will be useful for such purpose, we have recently developed a modular cloning system (MoClo) that allows high throughput assembly of multiple genetic elements. We present here new features of this cloning system that allow to increase the speed of assembly of multigene constructs. As an example, 68 DNA fragments encoding basic genetic elements were assembled using three one-pot cloning steps, resulting in a 50 kb construct containing 17 eukaryotic transcription units. This cloning system should be useful for generating the multiple construct variants that will be required for developing gene networks encoding novel functions, and fine-tuning the expression levels of the various genes involved.
Root Archutecture Affects Nitrate Leaching from Bentgrass Turf

Understanding the determinants of nitrate leaching should improve nitrogen uptake efficiency and reduce ground water contamination. This column lysimeter study examined the effect of root architecture on NO 3 leaching from two genotypes of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) differing in rooting characteristics. Ammonium nitrate was applied (50 kg N ha -1 ) and the columns were irrigated with 1, 2 or 3 cm day -1 (Exp. 1) or irrigation was delayed 1, 3 or 5 d (Exp. 2). In Exp. 1, leachate NO 3 concentrations and total N leached from the shallow-rooted (SR) genotype were approximately twice those from the deep-rooted (DR) genotype. An average of 38 and 18% of the applied N leached from the SR and DR genotypes, respectively. Cumulative leaching losses increased with irrigation depth. In Exp. 2, NO, leaching was reduced 90% or more by increasing the time period for immobilization from I to 5 d. Recovery of applied 15 N in the tissue averaged 87% after mo. Absorption of NO 3 and NH 4 was measured in nutrient solution culture. The SR genotype had significantly higher uptake rates than DR for both forms of N, expressed on a root weight basis. Collectively these data indicate that a deep-rooted turfgrass absorbs N more efficiently than a shallow-rooted turf, reducing the concentration and total amount of NO, leached. The effect is apparently not due to differences in N uptake, but rather to rooting patterns. Environmental conditions and management practices that affect rooting depth and density may thus affect N nutrition and NO 3 leaching.
Influence and characterization of microbial contaminants associated with the FDA BAM method used to detect Listeria monocytogenes from romaine lettuce

Bach, Christopher E. , Purdue University, May 2015. Influence and characterization of microbial contaminants associated with the FDA BAM method used to detect Listeria monocytogenes from Romaine lettuce. Major Professor: Robert E. Pruitt. Over the past few decades in the US, fresh produce commodities have become increasingly prevalent vehicles for the attribution of foodborne illness. Recent outbreaks of the bacterial foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes linked to fresh produce highlight this immediate issue facing food safety. The most widely used method to screen L. monocytogenes from food matrices in the US is the Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) developed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Detection of this pathogen from all foods is primarily accomplished by using four FDA approved Listeria selective media: Oxford (OXA), modified Oxford (MOX), Lithium chloride-phenylethanol-moxalactam fortified with esculin and iron (LPM), or PALCAM. Currently, there is a scarcity of evaluations concerning methods for isolation of L. monocytogenes from produce items. Thus, the first objective of this thesis work was to assess traditional FDA media and the commercial medium RAPID’L.mono for their use in detecting L. monocytogenes from the popular fresh produce item Romaine lettuce. Our results revealed that all four FDA media readily select for bacteria that based on their growth on the selective
Mycotoxins in silage: checkpoints for effective management and control

Silage has a substantial role in ruminant nutrition. Silages as a source of mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins merit attention. Fungal growth and mycotoxin production before and during storage are a well-known phenomenon, resulting in reduced nutritional value and a possible risk factor for animal health. Mycotoxin co-contamination seems to be unavoidable under current agricultural and silage-making practices. Multi-mycotoxin contamination in silages is of particular concern due to the potential additive or synergistic effects on animals. In regard to managing the challenge of mycotoxins in silages, there are many factors with pre- and post-harvest origins to take into account. Pre-harvest events are predominantly dictated by environmental factors, whereas post-harvest events can be largely controlled by the farmer. An effective mycotoxin management and control programme should be integrated and personalised to each farm at an integrative level throughout the silage production chain. Growing crops in the .
A comparison of the field behaviour of ramets derived from a mature tree of Acacia mangium by tissue culture and the seedling progeny of the ortet

Summary The field behaviour of ramets of Acacia mangium produced in vitro from a 4-y-old selected ‘plus tree’ was compared to the field behaviour of the half-sib seedling progeny of the ortet. Assessments of mortality, frequency of multiple stems, susceptibility to wind breakage, total height, and diameter at breast height, were made over a period of 36 months from the planting date. Only mortality at 36 months differed significantly between the ramets and the seedlings, the rates being 23% and 0% respectively.
Allelic Variants at the TaZds-D1
 Locus on Wheat Chromosome 2DL and their Association with Yellow Pigment Content

Zeta (ζ)-carotene desaturase (ZDS) is a key enzyme in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway, which determines the yellow pigment (YP) content in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grains. In the present study, the full-length DNA sequence of a ZDS gene on wheat chromosome 2DL, designated TaZds-D1, was characterized. The TaZds-D1 gene has an open reading frame of 1707 bp, including 13 introns and 14 exons, and a deduced peptide containing 568 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular weight of 62.5 kDa. The TaZds-D1 gene was located on chromosome 2DL based on polymerase chain reaction amplifi cations of Chinese Spring nullisomic-tetrasomic lines, Langdon–Chinese Spring D-genome chromosome disomic substitution lines, and Rusty D-genome chromosome disomic substitution lines as well as linkage analysis. Two allelic variants, TaZds-D1a and TaZds-D1b, were detected in Chinese wheat cultivars, and a functional marker, YP2D-1, was developed based on the sequence polymorphism between TaZds-D1a and TaZds-D1b. A major quantitative trait locus, located at the TaZds-D1 region in the marker interval of YP2D-1 and Xgwm157 on chromosome 2DL, explained 18.4% of the phenotypic variance for YP content in a doubled haploid population derived from the cross Zhongyou 9507/CA 9632. This confi rmed the association between allelic variation at the TaZds-D1 locus and YP content.
Economic Assessment of Weed Management Systems in Glufosinate-resistant, Glyphosate-Resistant, Imidazolinone-tolerant, and Nontransgenic Corn

Four field studies were conducted in 2004 to evaluate corn tolerance, weed control, grain yield, and net returns in glufosinate-resistant (GUR), glyphosate-resistant (GYR), imidazolinone-tolerant (IT), and nontransgenic (NT) corn with various herbicide systems. No significant differences between hybrid systems were observed for weed control. Limited corn injury (< 5%) was observed for all herbicide treatments. A single early POST (EPOST) system without S-metolachlor and sequential POST over the top (POT) herbicide systems, averaged over corn hybrids and PRE and late POST-directed (LAYBY) herbicide options, provide 93 and 99% control of goosegrass, respectively, and at least 83 and 97% control of Texas panicum, respectively. A single EPOST system without S-metolachlor, averaged over corn hybrids and LAYBY treatment options, provided at least 88% control of large crabgrass. When averaged over corn hybrid and PRE herbicide options, a sequential POT herbicide system alone provided at least 98, 99, 98, and 100 control of large crabgrass, morningglory species, Palmer amaranth, and common lambsquarters, respectively. The addition of ametryn at LAYBY to a single EPOST system without S-metolachlor was beneficial for improving control of morningglory species, common lambsquarters, and Palmer amaranth, depending on location. However, the observed increases (7 percentage points or less) are likely of limited biological significance. Grain yield was variable between hybrids and locations because of environmental differences. Consequently, net returns for each hybrid system within a location were also variable. Any POT system with or without ametryn at LAYBY, averaged over corn hybrid and PRE herbicide options, provided at least 101, 97, 92, and 92% yield protection at Clayton, Kinston, Lewiston, and Rocky Mount, NC, respectively. Net returns were maximized with treatments that provided excellent weed control with minimal inputs. Nomenclature: Glufosinate, glyphosate, common lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. CHEAL, goosegrass, Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. ELEIN, large crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. DIGSA, Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S.Wats. AMAPA, Texas panicum Buckl. PANTE, corn, Zea mays L
Anthocyanin profile of young red wines of Tannat, Syrah and Merlot made using maceration enzymes and cold soak

Summary Anthocyanins are the main pigments of young red wines. The aim of this work was to evaluate the anthocyanin composition of red wines produced by alternative procedures of winemaking and different grape varieties. For this purpose, wines of Tannat, Syrah and Merlot were made by traditional maceration (TM), addition of maceration enzymes (ENZ) and cold soak (CS). Syrah wines had the highest proportions of malvidin (86.0 ± 1.0) and peonidin (5.5 ± 0.4), while Tannat wines had the highest of delphinidin (6.9 ± 0.8), petunidin (13.2 ± 0.6) and nonacylated glucosides (73.6 ± 0.6). Cold soak increased the anthocyanins contents in Tannat and Merlot wines. In turn, maceration enzymes affect the anthocyanin profile and the stability of the colour of wines. Discriminant analysis of data showed significant separation of the wines of each variety as the anthocyanin profile showed the varietal fingerprint, despite the different winemaking procedures.
Crystal structure of human peptidoglycan recognition protein Iα bound to a muramyl pentapeptide from Gram‐positive bacteria

Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs) are pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system that bind bacterial peptidoglycans (PGNs). We determined the crystal structure, to 2.1 Å resolution, of the C‐terminal PGN‐binding domain of human PGRP‐Iα in complex with a muramyl pentapeptide (MPP) from Gram‐positive bacteria containing a complete peptide stem (L‐Ala‐D‐isoGln‐L‐Lys‐D‐Ala‐D‐Ala). The structure reveals important features not observed previously in the complex between PGRP‐Iα and a muramyl tripeptide lacking D‐Ala at stem positions 4 and 5. Most notable are ligand‐induced structural rearrangements in the PGN‐binding site that are essential for entry of the C‐terminal portion of the peptide stem and for locking MPP in the binding groove. We propose that similar structural rearrangements to accommodate the PGN stem likely characterize many PGRPs, both mammalian and insect.
Nutrients mobilized from leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana during leaf senescence

Summary During leaf senescence nutrients are mobilized to seeds, storage organs or new vegetative growth. Here we determine the changes in the levels of various nutrients during leaf senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana . Levels of C, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mo, N, P, S and Zn drop by greater than 40 percnt; during senescence indicating that these nutrients are mobilized from senescing leaves. Thus, for some elements, Arabidopsis is an effective model for the study of mobilization during senescence. Mutations in two senescence-induced genes involved in copper transport, COPPER CHAPERONE and RESPONSIVE-TO-ANTAGONIST1 were identified. Nutrient mobilization is not affected in the cch-1 mutant indicating that the CCH gene product does not play a role in this process or that a gene with redundant function exists. It was not possible to analyze nutrient mobilization in the ran1-4 mutant due to the numerous pleiotropic effects of this mutation. Nevertheless, these experiments provide an approach for future studies of the molecular genetics of nutrient mobilization.
Light limitation of growth in 10-year-old seedlings of Taxus baccata L. (European yew)

Taxus baccata L. is a rare and endangered species with restricted occurrence. One or two-year-old yew seedlings occur quite frequently in natural stands of the species, but older seedlings are rarely observed. Therefore we investigated the relationship between light intensity and the growth rate of ten-year-old seedlings of the European yew Taxus baccata (L.). The study was conducted in a preservation area established in 1999 in order to protect the gene pool of the ‘Cisy Staropolskie’ Reserve in the Bory Tucholskie Forest (northern Poland). A total of 570 three-year-old seedlings were planted under the canopy of a 45-year-old forest stand composed of oak (50%), birch (40%) and hornbeam (10%). Measurements of seedling heights were taken in 1999, 2003 and 2005. In 2005, the current annual growth increment was measured. Relative Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (RPPFD) up to 30% had a positive influence on the height and annual height increment of the yews, but most of individuals grew below 5% RPPFD. This suggests that increasing light level would increase growth of yew in both natural recruitment and planting.
Manufacture of cheese from milk concentrated by ultrafiltration

Introduction Concentration of milk by ultrafiltration for cheesemaking Control of retentate composition Effect of ultrafiltration on milk components Technological problems arising during the conversion of concentrated milk into cheese Viscosity of retentate Starter activity Coagulation of concentrated milks Differences between the composition of UF and conventional cheeses calcium and whey proteins Calcium to protein ratio in UP cheese Extra protein content of UF cheese Influence of whey proteins on the properties of cheese Undenatured whey proteins in UF cheese Heat-denatured whey proteins in UF cheese