Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Sensitivity Analysis in NLP Models in Pse Applications Using Space-filling Doe Strategy

Sensitivity analysis is an integral step in the interpretation of the solutions of optimization models, particularly when there are uncertainties in the numerical values of model parameters. Conventional approaches to sensitivity analysis rely on the use of shadow prices in linear models and Lagrange multipliers in non-linear models. Modern commercial optimization software packages are able to automatically generate such sensitivity coefficients to allow rapid post-optimality analysis. However, in the case of non-linear models, Lagrange multipliers have two distinct limitations. First, they represent only changes in the optimal value of an objective function with respect to small changes in parameter values, and thus remain valid only near the immediate vicinity of the nominal design point. Secondly, each Lagrange multiplier gives only the effect of the change of one parameter, assuming that all other parameters remain at their nominal values. Hence, they provide no information about joint effects or interactions caused by simultaneous changes in parameter values. In this paper, we present a strategy based on design of experiments (DOE) to generate a sensitivity surface, which we define as the mapping of the optimal model solution against a range of values of the optimization model parameters. Space-filling designs are used as a basis to generate proxy regression models with quadratic and interaction terms, in order to capture curvature of the sensitivity surface. The resulting proxy model contains more information than is available in conventional sensitivity analysis. In particular, this approach shows curvature and interaction effects that are not reflected when Lagrange multipliers are used. We present case studies based on problems drawn from process systems engineering (PSE) literature to illustrate this comprehensive sensitivity analysis strategy.
Conservational Analysis of Influenza A Virus RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase

The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of influenza A virus is important for catalyzing the replication and transcription of viral RNA. The polymerase of Influenza A Virus plays a significant role in the infectious virus life cycle. The objective of the present study was to identify the residue conservation in polymerase complex (PA, PB1 and PB2 proteins) of Influenza A Virus. The study was based on 11,966 amino acid sequences for the PA protein; 10,605 amino acid sequences for the PB1 protein and 11,331 sequences for the PB2 protein. The PA, PB1 and PB2 proteins exhibited similar level of sequence conservation. On the whole, this study exposed residues which are universally conserved among different influenza A virus subtypes. These universally conserved residues might be involved in either structure stabilizing or protein-protein interactions. Clusters of highly variable residues detected on the surface of the PA, PB1 and PB2 proteins might be linked to adaptation to various hosts or evolutionary pressure to evade the host immune system. The conserved residues identified in the present study could form a platform for designing universal anti-influenza drugs which are resistant to mutations arising in the future.
Flow climatology for physicochemical properties of dichotomous aerosol over the western North Atlantic Ocean at Bermuda

Abstract. Dichotomous aerosols (nominal super- and sub-μm-diameter size fractions) in sectored on-shore flow were sampled daily from July 2006 through June 2009, at the Tudor Hill Atmospheric Observatory (THAO) on the western coast of Bermuda (32.27° N, 64.87° W) and analyzed for major chemical and physical properties. FLEXPART retroplumes were calculated for each sampling period and aerosol properties were stratified accordingly based on transport from different regions. Transport from the northeastern United States (NEUS) was associated with significantly higher (factors of 2 to 3 based on median values) concentrations of bulk particulate non-sea-salt (nss) SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+ and associated scattering and absorption at 530 nm, relative to transport from Africa (AFR) and the oceanic background. These differences were driven primarily by higher values associated with the sub-μm size fraction under NEUS flow. We estimate that 75(±3)% of the NEUS nss SO42- was anthropogenic in origin, while only 25(±9)% of the AFR nss SO42- was anthropogenic. Integrating over all transport patterns, the contribution of anthropogenic sulfate has dropped 14.6% from the early 1990s. Bulk scattering was highly correlated with bulk nss SO42- in all flow regimes but the corresponding regression slopes varied significantly reflecting differential contributions to total scattering by associated aerosol components. Absorption by super-μm aerosol in transport from the NEUS versus AFR was similar although the super-μm aerosol size fraction accounted for a relatively greater contribution to total absorption in AFR flow. Significantly greater absorption Angstrom exponents (AAEs) for AFR flow reflects the wavelength dependence of absorption by mineral aerosols; lower AAEs for NEUS flow is consistent with the dominance of absorption by combustion-derived aerosols. Higher AOD associated with transport from both the NEUS and AFR relative to oceanic background flow results in a top of atmosphere direct radiative forcing on the order of −1.6 to −2.5 W m−2, respectively, showing these aerosols drive cooling. The dominance of transport from the NEUS on an annual basis coupled with the corresponding decreases in anthropogenic nss SO42- aerosols since the early 1990s implies that emission reductions in the US account for a decline in atmospheric cooling over the western North Atlantic Ocean during this period.
How Time Allocation Impacts Teacher Efficacy of Student Teaching Interns in Agricultural Education: A Q-Sort Study.

Several studies in agricultural education have assessed teacher self-efficacy of novice, first-year, and veteran teachers. Likewise, numerous studies have assessed the time students spend at their cooperating centers. However, a need existed to understand the influence of time allocation on teacher self-efficacy in a way that enabled human subjectivity to be considered, i.e., Qmethodology. The study found that three intern views existed at Oklahoma State University in agricultural education: Self-Assured Teachers, Determined Teachers, and Emerging Teachers. The Self-Assured Teachers spent the most amount of time teaching when compared to the other two views. Determined Teachers spent the most amount of time observing, and Emerging Teachers spent the most amount of time in school. The findings have implications for student teacher placements in cooperating centers and pre-service teachers’ early field-based experiences in agricultural education.
Protective effect of aqueous root extract of Gongronema latifolium against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity and chloroquine induced nephrotoxicity in rats

The hepatoand nehro-protective potentials of aqueous root extract of Gongronema latifolium against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity and Chloroquine induced nehrotoxicity in adult albino rats, were studied. Thirty six (36) albino rats weighing between 200±34g were used for this study. They were randomly divided into nine groups (1-9), where group 1 served as the zero control (baseline). Hepatotoxicity was induced in groups 2, 6, and 7 via oral administration of paracetamol 600mg/kg body weight, while group 3, 8 and 9 were induced with nephrotoxicity via oral administration of chloroquine 69mg/kg body weight. These were treated for 14 days, except for group 2 and 3 which served as the hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic controls, respectively. Group 4 and 5 which served as extract controls were given100mg/kg and 200mg/kg of Gongronema latifolium root extract, respectively. Serum liver enzymes (Alanine aminotransferase, Aspartate aminotransferase and Alkaline phosphatase), urea and creatinine levels were evaluated spectrophotometrically in accordance with the methods provided by the diagnostic kits (Teco Diagnostic, Anaheim, USA). The outcome of this study showed that the mean±SEM serum ALAT, ASAT and ALP levels of the Paracetamol + Extract groups, as well as the mean±SEM serum urea and creatinine levels of the Chloroquine + Extract groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05) than that of the hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic control, respectively, in a dose-dependent manner. This study indicates that aqueous root extract of Gongronema latifolium exerted significant protection against Paracetamol induced hepatotoxcity and chloroquine induced nephrotoxicity.
Effects of Complex Organic Extracts on Callus Growth and PLB Regeneration through Embryogenesis in the Doritaenopsis Orchid

Potato extract (PE), corn extract (CE) and papaya extract (PAE) at concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 mL L - 1 enhanced callus growth on New Phalaenopsis (NP) medium containing sucrose. Among the various concentrations, 100mL L - 1 PE or PAE and 200 mL L - 1 CE significantly promoted callus growth compared to the control. Regeneration of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) from calli was optimum when NP medium (sometimes referred to as BM) was supplemented with 100 mL L - 1 CE, followed by PE and PAE at the same concentration. Most plantlets also regenerated from PLBs with one 100 mL L - 1 CE.
How Wide is the Border?

Failures of the law of one price explain much of the variation in real C.P.I. exchange rates. We use C.P.I. data for U.S. cities and Canadian cities for 14 categories of consumer prices to examine the nature of the deviations from the law of one price. The distance between cities explains a significant amount of the variation in the prices of similar goods in different cities. But, the variation of the price is much higher for two cities located in different countries than for two equidistant cities in the same country. By our most conservative measure, crossing the border adds as much to the volatility of prices as adding 2500 miles between cities.
An Analysis of Quit and Dismissal Determinants between 1988 and 1999 using the Bivariate Probit Model

Excessive labor turnover may be considered, to a great extent, an undesirable feature of a given economy. This follows from considerations such as underinvestment in human capital by firms. Understanding the determinants and the evolution of turnover in a particular labor market is therefore of paramount importance, including policy considerations. The present paper proposes an econometric analysis of turnover in the Brazilian labor market, based on a partial observability bivariate probit model. This model considers the interdependence of decisions taken by workers and firms, helping to elucidate the causes that lead each of them to end an employment relationship. The Employment and Unemployment Survey (PED) conducted by the State System of Data Analysis (SEADE) and by the Inter-Union Department of Statistics and Socioeconomic Studies (DIEESE) provides data at the individual worker level, allowing for the estimation of the joint probabilities of decisions to quit or stay on the job on the worker’s side, and to maintain or fire the employee on the firm’s side, during a given time period. The estimated parameters relate these estimated probabilities to the characteristics of workers, job contracts, and to the potential macroeconomic determinants in different time periods. The results confirm the theoretical prediction that the probability of termination of an employment relationship tends to be smaller as the worker acquires specific skills. The results also show that the establishment of a formal employment relationship reduces the probability of a quit decision by the worker, and also the firm’s firing decision in non-industrial sectors. With regard to the evolution of quit probability over time, the results show that an increase in the unemployment rate inhibits quitting, although this tends to wane as the unemployment rate rises.
Prostate Cancer Survivorship: A Systematic Review

Background: Due to advances in cancer diagnosis and treatment, the number of prostate cancer survivors are increasing. Yet, with this expanding cohort of patients, very little has been done to develop services. Objective: A systematic review was conducted to explore prostate cancer survivorship issues. This analysis will inform development of interventions. Design/setting: A systematic review was conducted using the following databases from 2000 to Decembers 2013: CINAHL and MEDLINE (NHS Evidence), Cochrane, AMed, BNI, EMBASE, Health Business Elite, HMIC, PschINFO. The papers were retrieved and a quality assessment was conducted using a new tool for survivorship care standards. Participants/Interventions/ Outcome measurements/ results: 76 papers met the criteria for inclusion. These specified papers must be on primary research, related to prostate cancer AND Survivorship OR any one of the categories of nutrition, exercise therapy, psychology, treatment outcomes. Discussion: The literature is reviewed and the way forward for survivorship discussed. We also identify possible themes for research. Patient summary: Based on these results, we develop a prostate cancer survivorship care assessment tool and identify areas of practice that can be targeting for further research.
Anaerobic digestion comparison of manure leachate by high-rate anaerobic reactors

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION COMPARISON OF MANURE LEACHATE BY HIGH-RATE ANAEROBIC REACTORS A multi-stage anaerobic digester (MSAD) has been developed to obtain high organic leachate from high solids organic waste, thus high-rate anaerobic reactors can be fed by manure leachate, which can be obtained from a leachate bed reactor. Such configuration not only makes feasible the application of high-rate reactors to treat high solids content manure, but also the hydrolysis and the methanogenesis stages can be separated and controlled, individually. However, limited research is available on achieving ideal hydrodynamic conditions, inoculation, and performance of high-rate anaerobic reactors when manure leachate is used as the carbon source. Thus, this research is aimed not only to compare the performance of three different reactor configurations; the Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB), fixed film, and a hybrid for processing manure leachate as a carbon source, but also to establish design criteria for such reactors including organic loading rates (OLRs) and hydraulic loading rates (HLRs). In the first part of this research, the influence of the hydraulic loading rates (HLR) in high-rate anaerobic reactors was investigated. The upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor depicted a Morrill dispersion index (MDI) of 1.7, which is measured to evaluate the plug flow conditions of a reactor by approaching a value of 2 or less, at a HLR of 0.296 m/m-h. On the other hand, a MDI of 4 was observed when the HLR was increased to 0.829 m/m-h. The variation of the HLR had not notable impact MDI of the fixed-film and hybrid reactors; however,
LEARNING OF TECHNOLOGIES: ROAD FROM NON-FORMAL EMPIRICAL DESCRIPTIONS TO FORMAL MATHEMATICAL STUDY

Three basic questions in the knowledge of Nature are known. They are: what, how and why. The answers to them are different and yet, closely tied up with each other. The answer to the question "what" is the industrial area or the area of technique. The answer to the question "how" is the field of technologies. The answer to the last question "why" can be given by natural philosophy and theology. The historical sequence of the study of these questions is what, how, why. The study of the answers to the second question or the study of technologies started in the last decades of the XVII century in Germany. At the period of approximately 250 years ago the technologies were studied only empirically. The system of non-formal technological laws was built at this period. It was only a pre-research study of formal mathematical methods. Over the last years some fundamental equations describing general properties of technologies were written. Therefore, it is possible to start with the study of the main philosophical problems of the matter transformation. The generation of terms and concepts was studied. The best terms reflecting the modern situation in the field of production technologies are introduced in this work. Some basic ideas devoted to classification of production technologies and provision of services are introduced as well. The influence on errors of measured objects' properties was found as one of the most valuable in the field of preparing materials, goods and service with predicted properties. A graduated expert in technology problems has to know the historical background. He or she must know the principles which enable to divide the whole technological area into several parts: the part of industrial production processes, the part of social receipts and the intermediate part of action impacts on the individual. The main mathematical problems, which are necessary for a qualified expert in the field of technologies, are listed. The main definitions and necessary clarifications are discussed.
Social commerce as a business tool in Saudi Arabia's SMEs

Social media adoption plays a significant role in economic development. Yet, many small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) do not believe that they could expand their market and reach customers on social media sites, especially in developing countries such as Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study conducted a content analysis method to determine the elements of social media that SMEs are using to connect with consumers and its impact on consumers' usage. The study has analysed 60 SMEs divided into four main categories including online information provided and shared by SMEs; online business strategies used by SMEs; technology and social media tools and platforms used by SMEs; and consumers social media tools and platforms usage to connect with SMEs. Finally, the analysis indicated that businesses are building online trust using social media; online business strategies influence consumers' perceptions of the uncertainty; innovative businesses lead to innovative consumers; and quality of online information affects consumers' adoption.
Fully Packaged Self‐Powered Triboelectric Pressure Sensor Using Hemispheres‐Array

K. Y. Lee, X. Wen, Z. L. Wang School of Material Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA 30332-0245, USA E-mail: zlwang@gatech.edu K. Y. Lee, H. -J. Yoon, W. Seung, S. -W. Kim School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea E-mail: kimsw1@skku.edu T. Jiang, Z. L. Wang Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100083, China S. -W. Kim SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) Center for Human Interface Nanotechnology (HINT) Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
The Effect of Consumer Ethnocentrism, Brand Image, and Perceived Quality,on Purchase Decisions With Purchase Intention as Intervening Variable (Study of Eiger Consumers in Tasikmalaya)

The purpose of this research is to know and analyze the effect of consumer ethnocentrism, brand image, and perceivedquality of Eiger outdoor equipment product to consumer purchase decision, and to test purchase intention as intervening variable between consumer ethnocentrism ,brand image, and perceivedquality effect the purchase decision. The sample in this study there are 180 respondents who are users of Eiger products in Tasikmalaya region. Convenience sampling method is used in the determination of this research sample. Data were analyzed using Structural Equational Modeling (SEM) with SPSS and AMOS statistical software. The results of this study show that. Consumer ethnocentrism has a positive but no significant effect on purchase decisions. Brand image has a positive but no significant effect on purchase decisions. Perceived quality have a positive effect on purchase decisions. Purchases intention have a positive effect on purchase decisions. Consumer ethnocentrism positively effects purchase decisions with purchase intention as intervening variable. Brand image positively effects purchase decisions with purchase intention as intervening variable. Perceived quality positively effect purchase decisions with purchase intention as intervening variable.
Coordinating a Supply Chain Consisted of One Supplier and One Retailer When Demand Disruption Happens

In this paper, a supply chain consisted of one supplier and one retailer is studied. The retailer sells the product to customers by using e-commerce platform and customers receive the product offline. Distributing product is outsourced by the retailer. The supply chain is coordinated under the revenue-sharing contract in the static case. The supplier observes that the market scale change after the production plan in the supply chain is formulated. In centralized supply chain, the supplier only needs to adjust the retail price if the change of the market scale is in a certain range. The supplier needs to adjust the retail price and production quantities if the change is large enough. In decentralized decision, the supply chain cannot be coordinated. This means that the original revenue-sharing contract cannot coordinate the disrupted supply chain. An improved revenue-sharing contract is put forward to coordinate the disrupted supply chain. The research shows that the improved contract can coordinate the original supply chain and the disrupted supply chain, which means that the contract has robustness when facing the market scale disruption. Finally, some numerical examples are also given.
On eddy viscosity models that restrict the dynamics to the larger eddies

The very essence of large eddy simulation (LES) is that the LES-solution contains only scales of size ≥ δ, where δ is a user-chosen length scale. Therefore, in case the LES is based on an eddy viscosity model we determine the eddy viscosity such that any scales of size < δ are dynamically insignificant. In this paper, we address the following two questions: how much eddy diffusion is needed to (a) (counter)balance the production of scales of size smaller than δ; and (b) damp any disturbances having a scale of size smaller than δ initially. From this we deduce that the eddy viscosity νe has to depend on the invariants of the strain rate tensor S. The simplest model is then given by This model is successfully tested for a turbulent channel flow (Reτ = 590).
Miniaturized Circularly Polarized Implantable Antenna for ISM-Band Biomedical Devices

A compact circularly polarized antenna operating at 915 MHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band for biomedical implantable applications is presented and experimentally measured. The proposed antenna can be miniaturized to a large extent with the compact size of 15 × 15 × 1.27 mm3 by means of loading patches to a ring-shaped microstrip patch antenna. An impedance bandwidth of 10.6% (865–962 MHz) for reflection coefficient less than −10 dB can be obtained. Meanwhile, the simulated 3 dB axial-ratio (AR) bandwidth reaches 14 MHz. Finally, the optimized design was fabricated and tested, and the measured results agree well with simulated results.
Unsupervised processing of hyperspectral images

This work is a part of the CNRS project “ALOHA: Analyse en Ligne de dOnnees Hyperspectrales pour l’industrie Agroalimentaire” and of the ANR-OPTIFIN (Agence Nationale de la Recherche-OPTImisation des FINitions). The aim of these projects is to develop analytical tools adapted to the high throughput online analysis of samples by acquisition and processing of hyperspectral images. One output of the ALOHA and ANR OPTIFIN projects consists in the development of sequential algorithms for the deconvolution and on-the-fly unmixing of hyperspectral data. The main goal is to be able to predict and classify the quality of wood pieces renderings.