Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring the views of relatives of frail elderly patients about the UBC geriatric dentistry program

ii Preface . iv Table of Contents.v List of Tables.ix List of Figures . x List of Abbreviations . xi Glossary . xii Acknowledgements . xiii Dedication.xiv Chapter 1: Introduction.1 1.1 Literature Background.1 1.1.1 Oral Health and the Elderly Living in Long Term Care Facilities . 2 1.1.2 Impact of Oral Health Problems in the Elderly . 3 1.1. 3 Impact of Dental Treatment on the Elderly . 6 1.2 Purpose . 9 1.2.1 Research Problem . 9 1.2.2 Research Objectives . 10 1.2.3 Research Question . 10 Chapter 2: Methodology . 11 2.1 Review of Literature.11 2.1.1 Purpose of review of literature . 11 vi 2.1.2 Guiding review of literature research question.11 2.1. 3 Literature review exclusion and inclusion criteria . 12 2.1. 4 Literature review methods . 12 2.2 Data Collection Methods . 15 2.2.1 Population Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria . 15 2.2.2 Interview environment.17 2.2.3 Interview Process.17 2.2.4 Post-Interview Form.19 2.3 Analytical Process . 19 2.3.1 Familiarization with the data . 20 2.4 Generating initial codes . 20 2.5 Searching for, refining and naming themes.23 Chapter 3: Results and Discussion.24 3.1 Theme 1: Relatives are Concerned About Their Elderly Family Member’s Oral Health . 25 3.1.1 Quotation 1 . 27 3.1.2 Quotation 2 . 28 3.2 Theme 2: The Geriatric Dental Program Provides Good Access to Dental Care Services for Elderly Patients . 29 3.2.1 Quotation 3 . 31 3.2.2 Quotation 4 . 32 3.3 Theme 3: The Geriatric Dental Program Provides a “Dental Home” for Elderly Patients . 33 vii 3.3.1 Quotation 5 . 35 3.3.2 Quotation 6 . 36 3.4 Theme 4: Relatives Perceived Better Oral Health for their Elderly Family Member’s After the Dental Treatment.37 3.4.1 Quotation 7 . 38 3.4.2 Quotation 8 . 39 3.5 Theme 5: The Reputation of UBC Gives Peace of Mind in Relation to Quality of Care. 40 3.5. 1 Quotation 9 . 42 3.5. 2 Quotation 10 . 42 3.6 Theme 6: The Geriatric Dental Program Alleviates Stress in the Life of the Relatives.44 3.6. 1 Quotation 11 . 45 3.6. 2 Quotation 12 . 46 Chapter 4: Conclusions, Limitations and Implications . 48 4.1 Conclusions . 48 4.2 Study Limitations . 51 4.2.1 No disclosure of problems by the caregivers: consequently the results are too positive.51 4.2.2 The caregivers who participated in the interviews might be only those who are satisfied with the program . 52 4.2.3 No interviews with caregivers who did not have treatment at the program . 52 4.3 Validity of the results . 53 viii 4.4 Implications . 54 4.5 Final Thoughts . 56 References.57 Appendices . 64 Appendix A Papers Selected From the Literature Review.64 Appendix B Pre-Screening: telephone script and pre-interview form . 70 Appendix C Consent Form.72 Appendix D Receipts.76 Appendix E Interview Protocol . 77 Appendix F Post Interview Form . 80
Anatomic and Radiologic Classification of Posterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms

One-quarter of all cerebral aneurysms affect the posterior communicating artery. The clinical course typically involves subarachnoid hemorrhage and oculomotor nerve palsy. The objective of this study was to apply the de Aguiar and colleagues’ anatomicosurgical classification of posterior communicating artery aneurysms to a series of ruptured and incidental aneurysms treated at a single center and ascertain whether correlations exist between this classification and surgical outcomes (successful or failed occlusion). A single-center, retrospective cohort study based on imaging data was carried out between 2005 and 2010. Patients were allocated into 2 groups depending on aneurysm presentation (acutely ruptured or incidental). In this series, posterior communicating artery aneurysms were 4 to 5 times more common in women than in men, and type II (temporal) aneurysms were those most frequently found. The worst prognosis in the acute bleeding group was seen in cases with fetal variant circulation. The overall prognosis was poorer for temporal aneurysms, particularly those with a higher Hunt and Hess scale grade. Unruptured aneurysms were associated with better outcomes after surgical treatment.
Cryptosporidiosis among solid organ transplant recipient attendees at a summer camp

We report a cluster of pediatric cryptosporidiosis infections among solid organ transplant recipients at a summer camp in Georgia, USA. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to investigate the risk factors for infection. A total of 118 campers attended the camp during July 23‐28, 2017. The overall attack rate among campers during the outbreak was 11% (13/118). Sanger‐based amplicon sequencing of stool specimens from 7 (80%) campers identified Cryptosporidium hominis as the suspected etiologic agent. All infected campers were heart or kidney transplant recipients receiving immunosuppressive therapy. The median reported symptom duration was 12 days (range 6‐18 days) and 9 (69.2%) were hospitalized for at least one night (median length of stay 5 days, range 2‐16 days). There were no deaths or acute rejection events attributed to infection. The results of the epidemiologic and environmental investigation suggest a recreational pool as the presumed source, although there was no direct evidence to support this. Many long‐term interventions were implemented, and there have been no further outbreaks at the camp in the following two years. This outbreak demonstrates that cryptosporidiosis may be associated with notable burden in pediatric transplant recipients, and illustrates the challenges associated with source identification and containment.
TGFB-INHB/activin signaling regulates age-dependent autophagy and cardiac health through inhibition of MTORC2

ABSTRACT Age-related impairment of macroautophagy/autophagy and loss of cardiac tissue homeostasis contribute significantly to cardiovascular diseases later in life. MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase) signaling is the most well-known regulator of autophagy, cellular homeostasis, and longevity. The MTOR signaling consists of two structurally and functionally distinct multiprotein complexes, MTORC1 and MTORC2. While MTORC1 is well characterized but the role of MTORC2 in aging and autophagy remains poorly understood. Here we identified TGFB-INHB/activin signaling as a novel upstream regulator of MTORC2 to control autophagy and cardiac health during aging. Using Drosophila heart as a model system, we show that cardiac-specific knockdown of TGFB-INHB/activin-like protein daw induces autophagy and alleviates age-related heart dysfunction, including cardiac arrhythmias and bradycardia. Interestingly, the downregulation of daw activates TORC2 signaling to regulate cardiac autophagy. Activation of TORC2 alone through overexpressing its subunit protein rictor promotes autophagic flux and preserves cardiac function with aging. In contrast, activation of TORC1 does not block autophagy induction in daw knockdown flies. Lastly, either daw knockdown or rictor overexpression in fly hearts prolongs lifespan, suggesting that manipulation of these pathways in the heart has systemic effects on longevity control. Thus, our studies discover the TGFB-INHB/activin-mediated inhibition of TORC2 as a novel mechanism for age-dependent decreases in autophagic activity and cardiac health. Abbreviations: AI: arrhythmia index; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; BMP: bone morphogenetic protein; CQ: chloroquine; CVD: cardiovascular diseases; DI: diastolic interval; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; HP: heart period; HR: heart rate; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NGS: normal goat serum; PBST: PBS with 0.1% Triton X-100; PDPK1: 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase 1; RICTOR: RPTOR independent companion of MTOR complex 2; ROI: region of interest; ROUT: robust regression and outlier removal; ROS: reactive oxygen species; R-SMAD: receptor-activated SMAD; SI: systolic interval; SOHA: semi-automatic optical heartbeat analysis; TGFB: transformation growth factor beta; TSC1: TSC complex subunit 1
Identification of hub‐methylated differentially expressed genes in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus by multi‐omic WGCNA basing epigenome‐wide and transcriptome‐wide profiling

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), defined as dysglycaemia that is detected during pregnancy for the first time, has become a global health burden. GDM was found to be correlated to epigenetic changes, which would cause abnormal expression of placental genes. In the present study, we performed multi‐omic weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) to systematically identify the hub genes for GDM using both epigenome‐ and transcriptome‐wide microarray data. Two microarray datasets (GSE70493 and GSE70494) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. GEO2R was used to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially methylated genes (DMGs) between normal and GDM samples, separately. The results of WGCNA found that 15 modules were identified and the MEblack module had a significantly negative correlation with GDM (r = −.28, P = .03). GO enrichment analysis by BinGO of the MEblack module showed that genes were primarily enriched for the presentation of antigen processing, regulation of interferon‐α production and interferon‐γ‐mediated signaling pathway. By comparing the DEGs, DMGs and hub genes in the coexpression network, we identified five hypermethylated, lowly expressed genes (ABLIM1, GRHL1, HLA‐F, NDRG1, and SASH1) and one hypomethylated, highly expressed gene (EIF3F) as GDM‐related hub DMGs. Moreover, the expression levels of ABLIM1, GRHL1, HLA‐F, NDRG1, and SASH11 in the GDM patients and healthy controls were validated by a real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis showed that the biological function of cardiac muscle contraction was enriched for four GDM‐related hub DMGs (ABLIM1, GRHL1, NDRG1, and SASH1). Analysis of this study revealed that dysmethylated hub genes in GDM placentas might affect the placental function and thus, take part in GDM pathogenesis and fetal cardiac development.
Knee Cartilage Reconstruction With Matrix-induced Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation

A number of repair procedures have been used to address focal articular cartilage defects in the knee. Although traditional surgical techniques may alleviate pain and symptoms temporarily, these produce a fibrocartilage repair tissue, which is biomechanically inferior to hyaline articular cartilage. This has lead to the evolution of cell-based therapies, designed to regenerate a more biomechanically favorable hyaline-like tissue. Matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation has become an established technique for the repair of full-thickness chondral defects in the knee. It is a two-stage procedure that involves an initial arthroscopic harvest of healthy cartilage, isolation and expansion of chondrocytes ex vivo, and subsequent reimplantation of the cells into the chondral defect. Over time and with an appropriate postoperative mechanical stimulus both protective and supportive of the tissue maturation process, these cells can migrate, proliferate, and produce a repair tissue that may fill the chondral defect, providing a hyaline-like tissue that can sustain the normal biomechanical demands placed on it. This study will outline our matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation surgical techniques as developed since its introduction within our group, and the relative indications and contraindications for chondrocyte implantation.
What are we asking for when requesting "Specialling" for the confused hospitalised older person? A concept analysis.

BACKGROUND AND/OR RATIONALE: "Specialling" is a common nursing practice in hospitals which entails the allocation of extra staff to be with an older person who is confused to maintain safety. Despite ongoing use, this practice has little evidence of effectiveness. To facilitate further investigation, a concept analysis of "specialling" was undertaken. AIMS The aim of this paper was to report on a concept analysis on the practice of "specialling" pertaining to older people who have cognitive impairment when in hospital. METHODS This study used Rodgers evolutionary approach to concept analysis to clarify the attributes, antecedents and consequences of the concept to determine a definition of "specialling. " Web of Science (Core Collection and Web of Science Medline), CINAHL and SCOPUS databases were searched to identify relevant literature. Due to the scarcity of papers, the search was broadened to include all sources that could add understanding. FINDINGS A total of (n = 43) sources were identified. The attributes were themed to 5 categories: Labels and descriptions; the "Special" role; Patient safety; Patient care; and Communication. The antecedents to 2 themes: Patient characteristics; and Organisational risk. The consequences of "specialling" were diverse with 6 themes: the "Special" role; the Older persons experience; Costly; "Special" use and nursing beliefs; Safety outcomes; and Opportunities. DISCUSSION The process of concept analysis provided a means to identify knowledge gaps and practice challenges. The definition determined from this analysis has provided a reflective opportunity for clinicians and researchers to consider when implementing care initiatives to support older people in hospital. Important is the lack of person-centred approaches and the opportunities in developing nurse leadership through empowerment. The findings from this analysis will inform a PhD study. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Nurses have an opportunity to lead care improvements by ensuring person-centred approaches in the care of older people with cognitive impairment.
Comprehensive understanding of the plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in aquatic environments.

The emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene mcr-1 has attracted global attention and raised serious concerns about its possible cross-environment dissemination. However, the systematic exploration of mcr-1 both by monitoring and genetic dissection in aquatic environments has not been conducted. This study addresses the gap related to the occurrence and distribution of mcr-1 in watersheds, eastern China. The results showed abundances of mcr-1 gene in four watersheds, and the highest level of mcr-1 reached 1.8 × 109 gene copies per liter of water. Furthermore, the transfer frequencies of the plasmids in isolated Escherichia coli were 2.76 ×10-6 ~ 6.11×10-4 within genera, and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of polymyxin resistance were 8-16 mg/L for transconjugants. Mass spectrometry data allowed visualization of the function of mcr-1 expression, rendering bacterial resistance to colistin. The genetic details of six mcr-1-harboring plasmids in E. coli isolates of aquatic origin were obtained by single-molecule real-time sequencing. These plasmids were closely associated with E. coli strains of pig-origin and human-origin, supporting the concept of mcr-1 dissemination across natural environments, livestock, and humans. In conclusion, this study provides the first glimpse of profile of mcr-1-harboring plasmids and their genetic environment in aquatic ecosystems.
Genomic processes underlying rapid adaptation of a natural Chironomus riparius population to unintendedly applied experimental selection pressures

Evolve and Resquence (E&R) studies are a useful tool to study genomic processes during rapid adaptation, e.g., in the framework of adaptive responses to global climate change. We applied different thermal regimes to a natural Chironomus riparius (Diptera) population in an E&R framework to infer its evolutionary potential for rapid thermal adaptation. We exposed two replicates to three temperatures each (14°C, 20°C and 26°C) for more than two years, the experiment thus lasting 22, 44 or 65 generations, respectively. The two higher temperatures presented a priori moderate, respectively strong selection pressures. Life‐cycle fitness tests revealed no appreciable adaptation to thermal regimes but a common adaptation of all six replicates probably due to the rearing conditions, presumably increased larval density and water quality. Genomic analyses showed a strong, genome‐wide selective response in all replicates (mean s of selected SNPs = 0.305). This genomic response was significantly similar at all genomic levels among all replicates (SNPs, 10 kb windows, genes, exons, regions of elevated allele frequency change [REA]). The intersections among the replicates exposed to the same temperature were either insignificant or underrepresented. This confirmed a selective response to identical selection pressure(s), however, not to thermal regime. Genes closest to the SNP with the highest selection coefficient per REA were enriched for GO terms related to ion transport, regulation of transcription and signal transduction, which supported the presumed acting selection pressures. Our study showed the evolutionary potential for rapid adaptation by genome‐wide and probably polygenic selection on standing genetic variation in C. riparius. However, because of the impossibility to accurately predict the acting selective regime in evolutionary experiments, we discuss the sobering perspectives for inferring the evolutionary potential of natural populations with this approach.
Waist Circumference and Domain-Specific Cognitive Function among Non-demented Japanese Older Adults Stratified by Sex: Results from the Takashima Cognition Study.

Takashi Wakia, Sachiko Tanaka-Mizunoa,b,*, Naoyuki Takashimac,d, Hajime Takechie, Takehito Hayakawac,f, Katsuyuki Miurac,g, Hirotsugu Ueshimac,g, Yoshikuni Kitac,h, Hiroko H. Dodgec,i,j aDepartment of Medical Statistics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan bThe Center for Data Science Education and Research, Shiga University, Hikone, Japan cDepartment of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan dDepartment of Public Health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan eDepartment of Geriatrics and Cognitive Disorders, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
Expanding on the Side Bridge

ABSTRACT THE SIDE BRIDGE IS AN EFFECTIVE STRENGTH AND STABILIZATION EXERCISE FOR THE CORE MUSCULATURE. THROUGH THE MODIFICATION OF THE BASE OF SUPPORT OR THE ADDITION OF MOVEMENT OUTSIDE OF THE FRONTAL PLANE, PROPRIOCEPTIVE CHALLENGES AND COUPLED EXTREMITY MOTIONS, THE SIDE BRIDGE CAN BE INDIVIDUALLY PROGRESSED TO MEET PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT OR REHABILITATION NEEDS AND GOALS.
Genomic evidence of neo-sex chromosomes in the eastern yellow robin

1Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia; 2Deakin Genomics Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia; 3School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia and 4Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Goäteborg 405 30, Sweden ∗Correspondence address. Han Ming Gan, Building KA4, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, 75, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia. Tel: +0490786277; E-mail: han.gan@deakin.edu. au http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7987-738X; Alexandra Pavlova, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia. Tel: +0399055902; E-mail: alexandra.pavlova@monash.edu http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9455-4124
Polyvinyl alcohol modified polyvinylidene fluoride‐graphene oxide scaffold promotes osteogenic differentiation potential of human induced pluripotent stem cells

Tissue engineering is fast becoming a key approach in bone medicine studies. Designing the ideally desirable combination of stem cells and scaffolds are at the hurt of efforts for producing implantable bone substitutes. Clinical application of stem cells could be associated with serious limitations, and engineering scaffolds that are able to imitate the important features of extracellular matrix is a major area of challenges within the field. In this study, electrospun scaffolds of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), PVDF‐graphene oxide (GO), PVDF‐polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and PVDF‐PVA‐GO were fabricated to study the osteogenic differentiation potential of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) while cultured on fabricated scaffolds. Scanning electron microscopy study, viability assay, relative gene expression analysis, immunocytochemistry, alkaline phosphates activity, and calcium content assays confirmed that the osteogenesis rate of hiPSCs cultured on PVDF‐PVA‐Go is significantly higher than other scaffolds. Here, we showed that the biocompatible, nontoxic, flexible, piezoelectric, highly porous and interconnected three‐dimensional structure of electrospun PVDF‐PVA‐Go scaffold in combination with hiPSCs (as the stem cells with significant advantageous in comparison to other types) makes them a highly promising scaffold‐stem cell system for bone remodeling medicine. There was no evidence for the superiority of PVDF‐GO or PVDF‐PVA scaffold for osteogenesis, compared to each other; however both of them showed better potentials as to PVDF scaffold.
Infectious salmon anaemia virus—molecular biology and pathogenesis of the infection

Aquaculture has a long history in many parts of the world, but it is still young at an industrial scale. Marine fish farming in open nets of a single fish species at high densities compared to their wild compatriots opens a plethora of possible infections. Infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) is an example of disease that surfaced after large‐scale farming of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) appeared. Here, a review of the molecular biology of the ISA virus (ISAV) with emphasis on its pathogenicity is presented. The avirulent HPR0 variant of ISAV has resisted propagation in cell cultures, which has restricted the ability to perform in vivo experiments with this variant. The transition from avirulent HPR0 to virulent HPRΔ has not been methodically studied under controlled experimental conditions, and the triggers of the transition from avirulent to virulent forms have not been mapped. Genetic segment reassortment, recombination and mutations are important mechanisms in ISAV evolution, and for the development of virulence. In the 25 years since the ISAV was identified, large amounts of sequence data have been collected for epidemiologic and transmission studies, however, the lack of good experimental models for HPR0 make the risk evaluation of the presence of this avirulent, ubiquitous variant uncertain. This review summarizes the current knowledge related to molecular biology and pathogenicity of this important aquatic orthomyxovirus.