Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Newer Class I cavity preparation for permanent teeth using air abrasion and composite restoration.

This study attempts to determine a more effective cavity preparation design, material selection and preparation technique for reducing microleakage in posterior Class I esthetic restorations. An in vitro study using four different cavity designs, for Class I restorations on permanent molars, prepared with two different methods, and restored with three different restorative materials (hybrid composites) was done to evaluate marginal microleakage, and voids occurrence. Two hundred and forty extracted permanent molars were chosen and evaluated for caries, visually, with a dental explorer, and with caries detector dye. The teeth were then randomly divided in two groups (n = 120). In the first group, Class I cavity preparations were performed with air-abrasion. In the second group Class I cavity preparations were performed with #330 bur. The results revealed that cavity preparations prepared with air-abrasion with or without chamfer, and for cavity preparations done with a #330 bur with chamfer and restored with Tetric Flow, had zero microleakage. Cavity preparations done with air-abrasion, without chamfer, and for cavity preparations prepared with #330 bur with chamfer and restored with Tetric Ceram, had zero microleakage score. Cavity preparations done with air-abrasion with chamfer and restored with Herculite had one tooth out of twenty with microleakage, and for cavities without chamfer two teeth had microleakage. Cavity preparations prepared with a #330 bur, without chamfer, and restored with Herculite XRV had four teeth out of twenty with microleakage, and with a chamfer, two teeth had microleakage. These differences were not statistically significant. When comparing Tetric Flow versus Herculite XRV for void formation in cavity preparations prepared with Air-abrasion and a chamfer, Tetric Flow had significantly less voids, p < 0.001. When comparing Tetric Ceram versus Herculite XRV for cavity preparations prepared with Air-abrasion and a chamfer, Tetric Ceram had significantly less void formation, p < 0.01 > 0.001. When comparing Tetric Flow versus Herculite XRV for cavity preparations prepared with #330 bur and without a chamfer, Tetric Flow had significantly less void formation, p < 0.02 > 0.01. When comparing Tetric Flow versus Herculite XRV for cavity preparations prepared with #330 bur and a chamfer, Tetric Flow had significantly less void formation, p < 0.001 > 0.001. Caries detection results revealed that the caries detector dye method had significantly higher caries detection scores than explorer p < 001, and than visual inspection p < 0.001. Also inspection with explorer had significantly higher scores than visual inspection p < 0.001.
Immunocytochemical mapping and quantification of expression of a putative type 1 serotonin receptor in the crayfish nervous system

Serotonin is an important neurotransmitter that is involved in modulation of sensory, motor, and higher functions in many species. In the crayfish, which has been developed as a model for nervous system function for over a century, serotonin modulates several identified circuits. Although the cellular and circuit effects of serotonin have been extensively studied, little is known about the receptors that mediate these signals. Physiological data indicate that identified crustacean cells and circuits are modulated via several different serotonin receptors. We describe the detailed immunocytochemical localization of the crustacean type 1 serotonin receptor, 5‐HT1crust, throughout the crayfish nerve cord and on abdominal superficial flexor muscles. 5‐HT1crust is widely distributed in somata, including those of several identified neurons, and neuropil, suggesting both synaptic and neurohormonal roles. Individual animals show very different levels of 5‐HT1crust immunoreactivity (5‐HT1crustir) ranging from preparations with hundreds of labeled cells per ganglion to some containing only a handful of 5‐HT1crustir cells in the entire nerve cord. The interanimal variability in 5‐HT1crustir is great, but individual nerve cords show a consistent level of labeling between ganglia. Quantitative RT‐PCR shows that 5‐HT1crust mRNA levels between animals are also variable but do not directly correlate with 5‐HT1crustir levels. Although there is no correlation of 5‐HT1crust expression with gender, social status, molting or feeding, dominant animals show significantly greater variability than subordinates. Functional analysis of 5‐HT1crust in combination with this immunocytochemical map will aid further understanding of this receptor's role in the actions of serotonin on identified circuits and cells. J. Comp. Neurol. 484:261–282, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Research on Propagation Characteristics of Massive MIMO Channel at 1.4725GHz

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (Massive MIMO) is acknowledged as a key technology for the 5th generation (5G) of wireless communication systems, which theoretically proved to be of higher throughput, better robustness, superior spectrum- and energy- efficiency. A reliable and realistic channel model serves is the enabling foundation for practical design and testing of communication systems. In the paper we research on propagation characteristics of Massive MIMO based on the realistic measurement conducted in a typical outdoor scenarios at 1.4725 GHz. Many channel parameters like distribution of multipath component (MPC), correlation bandwidth, and angle of departure (AOD) are investigated. Here uniform linear array (ULA) and uniform circular array (UCA) are employed and measured results are compared. These results reveal the antenna configuration significantly influence the propagation characteristics in real Massive MIMO environment, and provide the basis for the practical deployment of Massive MIMO systems.
Difficulties Experienced by the Ostomate After Hospital Discharge

PURPOSE This descriptive study used a mailed survey to identify difficulties related to the stoma that ostomates experience after discharge from the hospital, who they sought help from, and if the advice was perceived as helpful. SUBJECTS AND SETTING Ostomates who are 18 years or older and have undergone a urinary or fecal diversion at a North Carolina hospital between January 1, 2003 and June 30, 2005, were asked to respond to a survey about the difficulties related to their ostomy. INSTRUMENT The survey gathered demographic and anthropometric data, information regarding stomal complications, self-evaluation of emotional state, and contact with clinicians and support groups. RESULTS Of the 140 surveys mailed, 43 were returned, demonstrating a return rate of 31%. Thirty-four returned surveys were useable for statistical analysis. The top 5 difficulties experienced by the respondents were peristomal skin irritation (76%), pouch leakage (62%), odor (59%), reduction in previously enjoyed activities (54%), and depression/anxiety (53%). Twenty percent of the ostomates who experienced difficulties after surgery did not seek help. Ostomates primarily sought help from nurses when they experienced problems related to the stoma and its maintenance. For mental health, sleep, and sexual problems, a medical doctor was the practitioner of choice. Ostomates were satisfied with most of the help they received from an ostomy nurse; satisfaction was lower for home health nurses and surgeon or primary care physician practices. Average wear time for a stoma pouch was 4 days. CONCLUSION The majority of the ostomates experienced difficulty with pouch leakage, skin irritation, odor, depression or anxiety, and uneven pouching surfaces. Ostomates desire assistance with these problems and will benefit from long-term follow-up by an ostomy nurse.
BRAF mutation in the elderly submitted to thyroidectomy

Objective: To evaluate the frequency of the BRAF V600E mutation in patients over 65 years of age undergoing thyroidectomy, correlating its presence or absence with the different histologic lesions, their variants and with prognostic factors of papillary carcinoma. Methods: We evaluated 85 patients over 65 years of age who underwent thyroidectomy, analyzing the BRAF V600E mutation by RT-PCR performed after DNA extraction from the paraffin blocks. Results: The study detected the presence or absence of BRAF V600E mutation in 47 patients (55.3%). Among the 17 papillary carcinomas studied, seven had the mutation (41.2%). There was a statistical association between the presence of this mutation and the classic variant of papillary carcinoma, and a trend of association with thyroid extravasation. Conclusion: BRAF mutation in the elderly is also exclusive of papillary carcinoma and is often significant. Furthermore, it is related to the classic variant and possibly to thyroid
Computation of CT-number and Zeff in Teeth

Computerized tomography (CT) number (it is a normalized value of the x ray absorption coefficient of a pixel in a computed tomogram) and the effective atomic number (Zeff) of teeth [enamel outer surface (EOS), enamel middle (EM), enamel dentin junction towards enamel (EDJE), enamel dentin junction towards dentin (EDJD), dentin middle (DM), and dentin inner surface (DIS)] have been calculated for photon interactions by a direct method in the energy range of 1 keV–100 GeV using the computer program, WinXCOM. The sum of the computed values are tabulated. The estimated CT numbers are tabulated. All of the selected materials show an almost constant Zeff value in the energy range 500 keV to 1.5 MeV. Also, it is expected that the computed CT numbers are useful in medical diagnosis. Dosimetric implication of mass attenuation coefficient in teeth has also been discussed.
GMTI Tracking via the Gaussian Mixture Cardinalized Probability Hypothesis Density Filter

The cardinalized probability hypothesis density (CPHD) filter is a recursive Bayesian algorithm for estimating multiple target states with a varying target number in clutter. In particular the Gaussian mixture variant (GMCPHD), which provides closed-form prediction and update equations for the filter in the case of linear Gaussian systems, is a candidate for real time multi-target tracking. The following three issues are addressed. First we show the equivalence between the GMCPHD filter and the standard multi hypothesis tracker (MHT) in the case of a single target. Second by using a Gaussian sum approach, we extend the GMCPHD filter to incorporate digital road maps for road constrained targets. The use of such external information leads to more precise tracks and faster and more reliable target number estimates. Third we model the effect of Doppler blindness by a target state-dependent detection probability, which leads to a more stable target-number estimation in the case of low-Doppler targets.
Nonvolatile solid-electrolyte switch embedded into Cu interconnect

A solid-electrolyte switch (ldquoNanoBridgerdquo) has been successfully embedded into a 0.13-mum-node dual-damascene Cu interconnect using a highly reliable bilayer solid-electrolyte (TaSiO/Ta2O5) and a thin oxidation barrier, resulting in an excellent ON/OFF ratio (> 109) at a low ON resistance of 50Omega. The newly developed bilayer solid-electrolyte has improved the thermal stability during the BEOL process as well as improved electrical breakdown. The CMOS compatible NanoBridge is a promising switch to achieve high-performance and low-cost programmable LSIs.
Reliable video multicast based on AL-FEC and H.264/AVC video traffic characteristics

Recently, video traffic has rapidly increased, and a considerable portion of that is caused by wireless devices. Since video streaming services now require high data rates, IEEE 802.11 has been widely used to support them in the wireless environment. On the other hand, in densely populated areas (e.g., conference rooms), multiple video streaming services using a unicast method can result in exceeding the available capacity. Instead, a multicast method can be considered for video streaming services in these latter conditions, since many users can be served at the same time with a relatively small resource. However, the legacy multicast in IEEE 802.11 does not perform the Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ), which leads to many packet losses and the degradation of video quality. To tackle this problem, we investigate the reliable video multicast using the application layer-forward error correction (AL-FEC) technique without the ARQ mechanism. Specifically, based on traffic characteristics of H.264/AVC video streaming, we propose a practical adaptation scheme, which determines the robustness of the FEC and a physical transmission rate of wireless access point. Moreover, we implement a prototype system in practice using the proposed scheme. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme greatly supports the coexistence with unicast transmissions, as well as the reliable video multicast, while satisfying the video quality.
The Effect of Angiotensin II and ADH on the Secretion of Atrial Natriuretic Factor

Abstract Studies in intact animals have suggested that angiotensin II (AII) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increase the plasma concentration of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF). The purpose of these studies was to examine the effects of AII and ADH on ANF secretion in a rat heart-lung preparation under conditions where aortic pressure could be regulated and other indirect effects of these hormones eliminated. ANF secretion was estimated as the total amount of ANF present in a perfusion reservoir at the end of each 30-min period. A pump was used to deliver a fluorocarbon perfusate to the right atrium at rates of either 2 or 5 ml/min. In a time control series where venous return was maintained at 2 ml/min for three 30-min periods ANF secretion was 672 ± 114, 794 ± 91, and 793 ± 125 pg/min (n = 6, P > 0.05). When venous return was increased from 2 to 5 ml/min ANF secretion increased from 669 ± 81 to 1089 ± 127 pg/min (P < 0.01). The addition of AII to the perfusate in concentrations of 50, 100, or 200 pg/ml (n = 6 in each group) had no significant effect on basal ANF secretion or the ANF response to increasing venous return. Similarly, the addition of ADH to the perfusate in concentrations of 5, 25, or 100 pg/ml had no significant effect on ANF release from the heart. These results suggest that the ability of AII and ADH to increase plasma ANF concentration in vivo may be due to the effects of these hormones on right or left atrial pressure.
Effect of caffeine supplementation on repeated sprint running performance.

AIM This study examined the effects of 6 mgxkg(-1) caffeine ingestion in team-sport players (N.=10) on repeated-sprint running performance (5 sets of 6 x 20 m) and reaction times, 60 min after caffeine or placebo ingestion. METHODS Best single sprint and total set sprint times, blood lactate and simple and choice reaction times (RT) were measured. RESULTS Total sprint times across sets 1, 3 and 5 (departure every 25 s) were significantly faster after caffeine (85.49+/-5.55 s) than placebo (86.98+/-5.78 s) (P<0.05). Similarly, total sprint times across sets 2 and 4 (departure every 60 s), were significantly faster after caffeine (55.99+/-3.64 s) than placebo (56.77+/-3.74 s) (P<0.05). Significantly higher blood lactates were recorded in caffeine compared to placebo after set 3 (13.1+/-1.2 vs 10.3+/-1.4 mmolxL(-1)) (P<0.05) and set 5 (13.1+/-1.3 vs 10.3+/-1.6 mmolxL(-1)) (P<0.01). There were no significant effects on simple or choice RT, although effect sizes suggested improved post-exercise times after caffeine. CONCLUSION Caffeine ingestion 60 min prior to exercise can enhance repeated sprint running performance and is not detrimental to reaction times.
A new 28Si single crystal: counting the atoms for the new kilogram definition

A new single crystal from isotopically enriched silicon was used to determine the Avogadro constant NA by the x-ray-crystal density method. The new crystal, named Si28-23Pr11, has a higher enrichment than the former ‘AVO28’ crystal allowing a smaller uncertainty of the molar mass determination. Again, two 1 kg spheres were manufactured from this crystal. The crystal and the spheres were measured with improved and new methods. One sphere, Si28kg01a, was measured at NMIJ and PTB with very consistent results. The other sphere, Si28kg01b, was measured only at PTB and yielded nearly the same Avogadro constant value. The mean result for both 1 kg spheres is NA = 6.022 140 526(70) × 1023 mol−1 with a relative standard uncertainty of 1.2 × 10−8. This value deviates from the Avogadro value published in 2015 for the AVO28 crystal by about 3.9(2.1) × 10−8. Possible reasons for this difference are discussed and additional measurements are proposed.
Contribution à la synthèse d’observateurs pour les systèmes non linéaires sous contraintes de communication

Les systemes de commande en reseau sont des systemes dans lesquels les controleurs, les actionneurs et les capteurs sont relies a travers un reseau. L'introduction du reseau dans la boucle de retroaction entraine la necessite de prendre en compte certaines contraintes de communications (echantillonnage, retard, ordonnancement, perte de donnees et quantification) dans l'analyse de stabilite du systeme commande. Cette these traite de la synthese d'observateurs pour les systemes non lineaires soumis a ces contraintes de communications. Nous nous interessons essentiellement aux contraintes d'echantillonnage, de retard et d'ordonnancement dans le reseau. Nous proposons un observateur robuste combine a un predicteur d'etat pour les systemes non lineaires globalement Lipschitz soumis a un retard de transmission constant et un protocole d'ordonnancement periodique. La synthese d'observateurs grand-gain avec un gain dynamique pour une classe de systemes non lineaires globalement Lipschitz a sorties echantillonnees est traitee. Ce type d'observateurs permet de reduire la sensibilite au bruit de mesure inherent aux observateurs grand-gain. Nous proposons egalement deux observateurs adaptatifs pour les systemes affines en l'etat comportant des parametres inconnus et a sortie echantillonnee. Nous introduisons un predicteur de la sortie afin de remedier a l'absence de mesure entre les instants d'echantillonnage.
Improvement of the Parzen classifier in small training sample size situations

In this paper, we discuss the improvement of the generalization ability of Parzen classifiers, in small sample, high-dimensional setting. When the sizes of samples per class are much unequal, the performance of the Parzen classifier is further degraded. Also, in a high-dimensional space, the degradation becomes clear. In order to overcome this problem, we propose to use the Toeplitz estimator and bootstrap samples in designing Parzen classifiers. Experimental results show that these two techniques are very effective means for designing Parzen classifiers, particularly when the sizes of samples per class are much unequal, or when the number of features is large.
A Ca2+/Calmodulin Kinase Inhibitor, KN-62, Inhibits Neurite Outgrowth Stimulated by CAMs and FGF

We have used monolayers of parental 3T3 fibroblasts and 3T3 cells expressing transfected cell adhesion molecules (CAMs, NCAM, N-cadherin, or L1) as a culture substrate for cerebellar neurons. Previous studies suggest that the transfected CAMs promote neurite outgrowth by activating a second messenger pathway within the responding neuron that involves influx of calcium into neurons as a consequence of activation of an FGF receptor. The same neurite outgrowth response can be induced by FGF or a number of agents that directly activate defined steps in the CAM signaling pathway. In the present study we show that the neurite outgrowth stimulated by the above three CAMs, FGF, arachidonic acid (AA), and K+ depolarization can be abolished by the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent (CaM) kinase inhibitor, KN-62. We also demonstrate that neurite outgrowth over astrocytes, which represent a more physiologically relevant cellular substrate, can be substantially inhibited by a number of agents that block the CAM signaling pathway, including KN-62. However, neurite outgrowth induced by activation of protein kinase A is unaffected by inhibition of CaM kinase activity as is basal neurite outgrowth over 3T3 monolayers or a polylysine/laminin substrate. These results suggest that CaM kinase activity is specifically required downstream of calcium influx in the CAM and FGF signaling pathway leading to axonal growth.
Piezoelectric Belts as a Method for Measuring Chest and Abdominal Movement for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Diagnosis

ABSTRACT. Distinguishing obstructive sleep apnea from central apnea depends upon accurate measure of chest and abdominal movement. American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) polysomnography guidelines recommend the use of respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP) belts but not piezoelectrode (PE) belts for measuring chest and abdominal movements. To compare these two sensors, we measured the signal amplitude for 10 RIP belts and 10 PE belts stretched by mechanical distraction across six distances (2.5 to 15.0 centimeters) and replicated 10 times for each belt. Amplitudes were measured using the Stellate Harmonie (Stellate Systems, Inc., Natus Medical, Inc., San Carlos, California, USA) recording system. A Pearson Product Moment Correlation coefficient was calculated. All RIP belts performed well at all distraction lengths and demonstrated linear performance. Eight of 10 PE belts performed well through all measures whereas, two showed nonlinear increase in signal on stretch of greater than 12.5 centimeters. Signals from PE belts highly correlated with the distance of distraction (r=0.96 to 0.99) and the RIP belts (r=0.98 to 0.99). These results suggest that PE belts perform similarly to RIP belts at distraction distances up to 10.0 centimeters. Further testing on biological models is needed to determine if PE belts are a suitable alternative for RIP belts in polysomnography.
Survey on wild rodents for endoparasites in Iwate Prefecture, Japan.

Wild rodents (58 Apodemus speciosus, 29 A. argenteus and 7 Microtus montebelli) were surveyed for endoparasites in Iwate Prefecture, Japan, from October to December 1995 and from April to October 1996. Two trematodes (Echinostoma macrorchis, Plagiorchis muris), 4 or more cestodes (Hymenolepis diminuta, Raillietina coreensis, Cladothyridium spp., Cysticercus fasciolaris), 12 nematodes (Carolinensis minutus, Eucoleus sp., Heligmosomoides kurilensis, H. protobullosus, H. speciosus, Heterakis spumosa, Rhabditis (Pelodera) orbitalis, Rictularia cristata, Syphacia emileromani, S. frederici, S. montana, Trichuris sp. ) and 3 protozoans (Giardia sp., Trichomonas sp., Trypanosoma sp.) were identified. The two species of Apodemus were similar to each other, but they were extremely different from M. montebelli in parasite fauna.