Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Characterization of T‐regulatory cells, induced by immature dendritic cells, which inhibit enteroantigen‐reactive colitis‐inducing T‐cell responses in vitro and in vivo

Regulatory T (Treg) cells, derived from co‐cultures of unfractionated CD4+ T cells and immature dendritic cells (DC), suppress enteroantigen‐induced proliferation of CD4+ CD25− T cells. The DC‐induced Treg cells are a mixture of CD25+ (10–20%) and CD25− (80–90%) T cells. However, all the suppressor activity in vitro and in vivo resides in the CD25+ T‐cell subset. The CD25+ DC‐induced Treg cells can inhibit enteroantigen‐induced proliferation in vitro through a transwell membrane, and their function does not appear to depend on previous activation. DC‐induced CD25+ Treg cells display a naïve phenotype, expressing high levels of CD45RB and l‐selectin (CD62L). In addition, the DC‐induced Treg cells mediate a stronger suppressive activity than prototype CD25+ regulatory T cells. The DC‐induced Treg cells, and hereof purified CD25+ and CD25− T‐cell fractions, were co‐injected into severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice with colitis‐inducing CD4+ CD25− T cells. Both unfractionated CD4+ and purified CD25+ Treg cells fully protected the recipients against the development of colitis. In contrast, co‐transfer of fractionated CD25− T cells offered no protection against disease development. Enterobacterial antigen‐exposed CD4+ T cells of the protected mice secreted higher levels of interleukin‐10 and lower levels of interferon‐γ than the unprotected mice. The present data demonstrate DC‐induced CD4+ CD25+ Treg cells, which phenotypically and functionally differ from the generally accepted prototype of CD25+ Treg cells. These data may initiate new procedures for the expansion of Treg cells for clinical use.
Percutaneous closure of atrial septal defects: immediate and mid-term results.

INTRODUCTION The incidence of percutaneous closure of secundum atrial septal defects (ASD) and patent foramen ovale (PFO), which has become an established therapy, is constantly increasing. In this study, which is the first in the Greek literature, we present the immediate and mid-term results from this intervention in our center. METHODS From April 2004 to April 2008, 103 patients underwent percutaneous closure of an ASD or PFO using Amplatzer closure devices. Thirty were male, the mean age was 37 +/- 15.5 years, and the mean follow-up period 21.7 +/- 14.8 months. The procedure was successful in 102 of the above patients; 69 (mean age 36.3 years +/- 17.1, 81% female) underwent secundum ASD closure, while 33 patients (mean age 39.1 +/- 10.5 years, 16 female and 17 male) underwent percutaneous closure of a PFO due to cryptogenic stroke. RESULTS There were no major complications during the procedure (death, device embolization or need for immediate cardiac surgery). There were minor complications in 8 (7.7%) patients (bleeding at the puncture site, transient ST elevation in the inferior leads, multiple atrial and ventricular ectopics). The transient ST elevation in the inferior leads appeared in 5 patients (5%) and was probably due to air embolization. This transient complication completely resolved within 3 minutes. During the follow-up period, no patient had a major complication (cardiac rupture, device embolization, thrombus formation, thromboembolism or infective endocarditis). Most importantly, in the patients who underwent PFO closure there were no recurrences of cryptogenic stroke during the follow-up period (24.3 +/- 14.5 months). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that using Amplatzer closure devices for atrial septal communications is both safe and effective, with sustained results over a maximum follow-up period of four years. Appropriate patient selection, as well as accurate device sizing fitting the dimensions of the defect, are important factors for the success and the safety of the method.
Hippocampal spatial mapping and the acquisition of competing responses

Response reversal learning is facilitated in many species, including humans, when competing responses occur in separate contexts. This suggests hippocampal maps may facilitate the acquisition of competing responses and is consistent with the hypothesis that contextual encoding permits rapid acquisition of new behaviors in similar environments. To test this hypothesis, the pattern of Arc expression was examined after rats completed a series of left/right response reversals in a T‐maze. This reversal training occurred in the same room, two different rooms, or within a single room but with the maze enclosed in wall‐length curtains of different configurations (i.e., black/white square or circle). Across CA1 and CA3, successive T‐maze exposures in the same room recruited the same cells to repeatedly transcribe Arc, while a unique population of cells transcribed Arc in response to each of two different rooms as well as to the two unique curtain configurations in the same room. The interference from original learning that was evident on the first reversal in animals without a context switch was absent in groups that experienced changes in room or curtain configuration. However, only the use of unique rooms, and not changes in the curtained enclosure, facilitated learning across response reversals relative to the groups exposed to only one room. Thus, separate hippocampal maps appear to provide protection from the original learning interference but do not support improved reversals over trials. The present data suggest changes in heading direction input, rather than remapping, are the source of facilitation of reversal learning. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase Concentrations in Infertile Women Achieved Pregnancy Following IVF‐ET

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) play important roles throughout various stages of pregnancy, including embryo implantation, trophoblastic invasion, placentation in early gestation, and cervical dilatation in later gestation, and feto‐maternal membrane lysis. It would be beneficial if assessment of serum concentrations of MMP and TIMP could predict successful implantation following in vitro fertilization‐embryo transfer (IVF‐ET). This study was performed to compare serum MMP and TIMP concentrations between patients with and without the establishment of pregnancy following ET.
Increased mediastinal fat and impaired left ventricular energy metabolism in young men with newly found fatty liver

Fatty liver is characterized by metabolic abnormalities at the liver, but also at skeletal muscle and adipose tissue sites. It is hypothesized that the heart may be suffering metabolic alterations, and this study was undertaken to ascertain whether individuals with fatty liver have left ventricular (LV) alterations of energy metabolism, structure, and function and abnormal amounts of epicardial fat as a specific marker of visceral fat accumulation. To this end we studied young, nondiabetic men matched for anthropometric features with (n = 21) or without (n = 21) fatty liver by means of (1) cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); (2) cardiac 31P‐MR spectroscopy (MRS); and (3) hepatic 1H‐MRS to assess quantitatively the intrahepatic fat (IHF) content. Insulin sensitivity was determined by the updated HOMA‐2 computer model. Individuals with fatty liver showed reduced insulin sensitivity, increased serum free fatty acid (FFA), and E‐selectin, abnormal adipokine concentrations, and higher blood pressure. LV morphology and systolic and diastolic functions were not different; however, in the scanned intrathoracic region, the intrapericardial (7.8 ± 3.1 versus 5.9 ± 2.5 cm2; P < 0.05) and extrapericardial (11.7 ± 6.1 versus 7.8 ± 3.2 cm2; P < 0.03) fat was increased in men with fatty liver compared with those without fatty liver. The phosphocreatine (PCr)/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ratio, a recognized in vivo marker of myocardial energy metabolism, was reduced in men with fatty liver in comparison with normals (1.85 ± 0.35 versus 2.11 ± 0.31; P < 0.016). In conclusion, in newly found individuals with fatty liver, fat was accumulated in the epicardial area and despite normal LV morphological features and systolic and diastolic functions, they had abnormal LV energy metabolism. (HEPATOLOGY 2008.)
The Role of ICOS in the CXCR5+ Follicular B Helper T Cell Maintenance In Vivo1

ICOS is a new member of the CD28 family of costimulatory molecules that is expressed on activated T cells. Its ligand B7RP-1 is constitutively expressed on B cells. Although the blockade of ICOS/B7RP-1 interaction inhibits T cell-dependent Ab production and germinal center formation, the mechanism remains unclear. We examined the contribution of ICOS/B7RP-1 to the generation of CXCR5+ follicular B helper T (TFH) cells in vivo, which preferentially migrate to the B cell zone where they provide cognate help to B cells. In the spleen, anti-B7RP-1 mAb-treated or ICOS-deficient mice showed substantially impaired development of CXCR5+ TFH cells and peanut agglutinin+ germinal center B cells in response to primary or secondary immunization with SRBC. Expression of CXCR5 on CD4+ T cells was associated with ICOS expression. Adoptive transfer experiments showed that the development of CXCR5+ TFH cells was enhanced by interaction with B cells, which was abrogated by anti-B7RP-1 mAb treatment. The development of CXCR5+ TFH cells in the lymph nodes was also inhibited by the anti-B7RP-1 mAb treatment. These results indicated that the ICOS/B7RP-1 interaction plays an essential role in the development of CXCR5+ TFH cells in vivo.
Assay-dependent variability of serum insulin levels during oral glucose tolerance test: influence on reference intervals for insulin and on cut-off values for insulin sensitivity indices

Abstract Background: The oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) is the most common method to estimate indices of insulin sensitivity in clinical as well as in epidemiological studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the variability of insulin levels for reference intervals and of insulin sensitivity indices during oGTT by three different insulin immunoassays. Methods: Serum insulin levels were determined during oGTT of randomly selected adult subjects (total n=101, with n=68 with normal glucose tolerance) by the LIAISON (LIA), the Elecsys (EL) and the AutoDELFIA (AD) method. Results: Sensitivity and precision of all three insulin assays were comparable. Insulin levels demonstrated a close (p<0.001) interassay correlation (LIA vs. EL: r=0.987, LIA vs. AD: r=0.966, EL vs. AD: r=0.965). Insulin levels and insulin sensitivity indices (n=68) of the AD method were significantly different compared to the LIA or EL assay (p<0.001). Basal insulin levels demonstrated an assay-dependent significant body mass index (BMI) dependency (LIA: r=0.24, p=0.05; AD: r=0.44, p<0.001; EL: r=0.36, p<0.01) in the regression analysis. At 120 min post glucose, gender was the relevant influencing factor on insulin levels of the LIA (r=0.40, p<0.001), AD (r=0.37, p<0.01) and EL (r=0.40 p<0.001) method. Conclusions: We conclude that assay-dependent reference intervals should be used for the clinical interpretation of insulin levels from oGTT and of insulin sensitivity indices. Moreover, BMI and gender have to be considered as influencing factors. Clin Chem Lab Med 2008;46:240–6.
Embryonic Lethal Abnormal Vision-like HuR-dependent mRNA Stability Regulates Post-transcriptional Expression of Cyclin-dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27Kip1

The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 plays a critical role in regulating entry into and exit from the cell cycle. Post-transcriptional regulation of p27Kip1 expression is of significant interest. The embryonic lethal abnormal vision (ELAV)-like RNA-binding protein HuR is thought be important for the translation of p27Kip1, however, different reports attributed diametrically opposite roles to HuR. We report here an alternative mechanism wherein HuR regulates stability of the p27Kip1 mRNA. Specifically, human and mouse p27Kip1 mRNAs interact with HuR protein through multiple U-rich elements in both 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTR). These interactions, which occur in vitro and in vivo, stabilize p27Kip1 mRNA and play a critical role in its accumulation. Deleting HuR binding sites or knocking down HuR expression destabilizes p27Kip1 mRNA and reduces its accumulation. We also identified a CT repeat in the 5′ UTR of full-length p27Kip1 mRNA isoforms that interact with a ∼41-kDa protein and represses p27Kip1 expression. This CT-rich element and diffuse elements in the 3′ UTR regulate post-transcriptional expression of p27Kip1 at the level of translation. This is the first demonstration that HuR-dependent mRNA stability and HuR-independent mRNA translation plays a critical role in the regulation of post-transcriptional p27Kip1 expression.
New ILAE versus previous clinical status epilepticus semiologic classification: Analysis of a hospital‐based cohort

In 2015, the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) issued a new status epilepticus (SE) classification, including a detailed semiologic axis. This study assesses frequencies of SE forms in a cohort of adult patients, and explores differences and practical implications as compared to a seizure‐type–bound classification.
T EACHING ACLS S TROKE O BJECTIVES TO P REHOSPITAL P ROVIDERS : A C ASE-BASED A PPROACH

Objectives. To determine whether a case-based educational module would increase prehospital care providers' short-term and long-term knowledge about stroke and to compare the educational impact when the module was moderated by a physician versus an advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) instructor. Methods. A stroke module consisting of two case-based scenarios was administered to emergency medical services (EMS) personnel by either an ACLS instructor or a physician. Identical 25-question tests (based on 1997 ACLS prehospital stroke objectives) were administered before and after the module. Descriptive statistics were calculated by groups, and Wilcoxon tests were used to assess the significance of improvement in scores based on the paired data. Results. Two hundred six EMS personnel [112 (54%) emergency medical technician (EMT)-P, 91 (44%) EMT-B/EMT-I, and three (2%) other training levels] participated in the module, of whom 74 [30 (41%) EMT-P, 42 (57%) EMT-B/EMT-I, and two (2%) other training levels] participated in follow-up testing between six and seven months. Overall, there was a 32% improvement in test scores immediately after completion of the module (p < 0.001) and an 18% improvement at six months (p < 0.001). No significant difference in pretest scores existed between the physician-led and ACLS instructor-led groups (mean EMT-P pretest scores 69% versus 70% and EMT-B/EMT-I scores 55% versus 54%, respectively). There was no significant difference in short-term (p = 0.36) or long-term (p = 0.074) score improvements between the two groups. Conclusion. This case-based approach to EMS stroke education is effective and can achieve equal benefit when administered by a physician or an ACLS instructor.
Failed Operative Vaginal Delivery

OBJECTIVE: To compare maternal and neonatal outcomes in women undergoing second-stage cesarean delivery after a trial of operative vaginal delivery with those in women undergoing second-stage cesarean delivery without such an attempt. METHODS: This study is a secondary analysis of the women who underwent second-stage cesarean delivery. The maternal outcomes examined included blood transfusion, endometritis, wound complication, anesthesia use, and maternal death. Neonatal outcomes examined included umbilical artery pH less than 7.0, Apgar score of 3 or less at 5 minutes, seizures within 24 hours of birth, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, stillbirth, skull fracture, and neonatal death. RESULTS: Of 3,189 women who underwent second-stage cesarean delivery, operative vaginal delivery was attempted in 640. Labor characteristics were similar in the two groups, with the exception of the admission-to-delivery time and cesarean indication. Those with an attempted operative vaginal delivery were more likely to undergo cesarean delivery for a nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracing (18.0% compared with 13.9%, P=.01), have a wound complication (2.7% compared with 1.0%, odds ratio [OR] 2.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.43–4.91), and require general anesthesia (8.0% compared with 4.1%, OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.44–2.91). Neonatal outcomes, including umbilical artery pH less than 7.0, Apgar score of 3 or less at 5 minutes, and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, were more common for those with an attempted operative vaginal delivery. This was not significant when cases with a nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracing were removed. CONCLUSION: Cesarean delivery after an attempt at operative vaginal delivery was not associated with adverse neonatal outcomes in the absence of a nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracing. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II
Impact of the Primary Information Source Used for Decision Making on Treatment Perceptions and Regret in Prostate Cancer

Objective: To assess the impact of the primary source of information used by prostate cancer patients to select a radiation treatment on their overall treatment experience and on treatment regret. Methods: Patients with low to favorable intermediate-risk prostate cancer treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy, intensity-modulated radiation therapy, or high-dose rate brachytherapy were surveyed. The questionnaire explored the decision-making experience, treatment experience, and treatment regret. Results: In total, 322 consecutive patients were surveyed with an 86% (n=276) response rate. In total, 48% (n=132) selected their radiation oncologist as the primary information source, 23% (n=62) selected their urologist, 16% (n=44) selected the Internet, 6% (n=17) selected other patients, and 8% (n=21) selected other. In total, 39% of patients who selected the Internet as their primary information source reported their actual treatment experience to be worse than expected versus 13% of respondents who selected their urologist, 12% who selected other patients, and 2% who selected their radiation oncologist (P<0.01). Similarly, 43% who selected the Internet as their primary information source endorsed treatment regret versus 10% who selected their urologist, and 7% who selected their radiation oncologist (P<0.01). On multivariate regression, only patients who selected the Internet as their primary information source were more likely to endorse treatment regret (odds ratio, 46.47; P<0.001) and a worse treatment perception (odds ratio, 83.33; P<0.001). Conclusions: Patients who used the Internet as their primary information source were significantly more likely to endorse treatment regret and a worse than expected overall treatment experience. These data highlight the potential dangers of Internet-based resources and the importance for physicians to proactively counsel patients.
Prevalence of hereditary prosopagnosia (HPA) in Hong Kong Chinese population

Prosopagnosia (PA), or the inability to recognize a familiar person by the face alone, had been considered to be a rare dysfunction mainly acquired by trauma to the brain. Recently we have shown that the congenital form of PA, which was considered to be even rarer, is common in Caucasians, with a prevalence of 2.5%. As these cases were familial we coined the term Hereditary Prosopagnosia (HPA). The present study is the first systematic screening for HPA in a defined population of ethnic Chinese. In 2004–2005, 533 out of around 750 medical students of The University of Hong Kong took part in a questionnaire‐based screening. The responses of 133 students indicated that they were likely to be candidates for PA. One hundred twenty agreed for diagnostic interview. Finally we made the clinical diagnosis of PA in 10 subjects. A prevalence of 1.88% (95% CI, 1.05–2.71) is established which is in the same range as in Caucasians. We took a detailed family history of four index prosopagnosic persons and were able to further investigate the families of four probands. Each had other first‐degree relatives with the same visual cognitive dysfunction. Thus, as in the Caucasians, regular autosomal dominant inheritance might best explain the segregation pattern. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Barriers to Cardiac Rehabilitation: DOES AGE MAKE A DIFFERENCE?

PURPOSE To quantitatively investigate age differences in barriers to cardiac rehabilitation (CR) enrollment and participation. METHODS Cardiac outpatients (N = 1,273, mean age = 65.9 ± 11.2) completed a mailed survey to discern barriers to CR enrollment and participation. Both enrollees and nonenrollees were asked to rate 18 CR barriers on a 5-point Likert scale. RESULTS Of the respondents, 535 (43%) reported participating in CR at 1 of 40 sites, with younger patients being more likely to participate (P = .002). Older age was positively related to total CR barriers (P < .001). Older patients more strongly endorsed the following CR barriers: already exercising at home (P = .001), confidence in ability to self-manage their condition (P = .003), perception of exercise as tiring or painful (P = .001), not knowing about CR (P = .001), lack of physician encouragement (P < .001), comorbidities (P < .001), and perception that CR would not improve their health (P < .001). CONCLUSION Given that the benefits of CR are achieved in older patients as well as the young, interventions to overcome these modifiable barriers to enrollment and participation are needed.
Organization Development Its Nature Origins And Prospects

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Sleep Disturbance in Orofacial Pain Patients: Pain-Related or Emotional Distress?

ABSTRACT Associations between pain, depression, and sleep disturbance have been documented in several chronic pain patient samples. The current study assessed the prevalence and magnitude of sleep disturbance in a sample of 128 orofacial pain patients referred for clinical evaluation and tested linkages between sleep, depression, anxiety, and pain using cross-sectional and longitudinal data. Seventy-seven percent of the patients reported reduced sleep quantity since pain onset. In cross-sectional analyses, reduced sleep quantity was associated with depression and pain. Reduced sleep quality was associated with negative affect. Longitudinally, initial depression and pain predicted sleep at time two and initial pain predicted negative affect. Sleep did not predict pain. Results support the hypothesis that pain, rather than sleep disturbance, increases negative affect across time, whereas negative affect is more a cause of concurrent reduced sleep quality than is pain. The results highlight the importance of assessing for sleep disturbance in orofacial pain patients.
Research on Knowledge Integration Management in Enterprise M&A Based on Knowledge Integration Value Chain

To achieve synergy effects in merger and acquisition,the two parts' knowledge systems should be integrated effectively.Here a "knowledge integration value chain(KIVC)" is developed to analyze knowledge integration management in four steps such as knowledge conflict,knowledge identify,knowledge transfer and knowledge integration.At last,the KIVC is used to analyze the knowledge integration management in a MA case of Switzerland Ciba-Geigy company and American Alza company.