Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Number : WUCSE-2002-5 2002-0131 Placing Servers in Overlay Networks

Overlay networks are becoming a popular vehicle for deploying advanced network services in the Internet. Overlay networks are implemented by deploying service nodes at suitably chosen sites in the network. Service nodes communicate with users through the commodity Internet, while among themselves, they may use either the commodity Internet or dedicated channels. The number of distinct service nodes has a big in¤uence on the operational cost of an overlay network; meanwhile, the distance between service nodes and end users has a big in¤uence on the quality of the service. In this paper, we study the problem of how to optimally place service nodes in a network, balancing the need to minimize the number of nodes, while limiting the distance between users and service nodes. We show that the design problem is NP-hard and study the performance of heuristic algorithms using simulation. For single domain, our algorithms produce results that are within a few percent of an easily computed lower bound. For multi-domain networks, the performance ranges from close to the optimal to roughly twice the optimal.
Beta‐Amyloid Precursor Protein Staining in Nonhomicidal Pediatric Medicolegal Autopsies

Immunohistochemical staining for beta-amyloid precursor protein (βAPP) has been validated as a marker for axonal injury in adults surviving ≥2 hours after white matter damage. The significance of βAPP staining in pediatric brains and spinal cords is not as well established. We evaluated the white matter immunoreactivity for βAPP from a variety of pediatric medicolegal autopsies: natural disease (non-Sudden Infant Death Syndrome [SIDS]), SIDS, motor vehicle accidents, drowning, near-drowning, overlay, carbon monoxide toxicity, miscellaneous trauma, and mechanical asphyxia. The cases of carbon monoxide toxicity, motor vehicle accidents (death at scene), drowning (with resuscitation), and a natural (non-SIDS) death had no significant white matter staining. The traumatic deaths with a significant survival interval, a variety of natural deaths, the near-drowning case, and surprisingly, all SIDS had detectable βAPP white matter immunostaining. These results demonstrate that features other than traumatic axonal injury, such as metabolic insults and hypoxic-ischemic injury secondary to vascular compromise, must contribute to βAPP immunostaining. In addition, we describe a variety of βAPP-immunoreactive structures not previously reported in the pediatric population. This study illustrates that βAPP immunostaining enhances detection of a variety of white matter changes, and provides a basis for interpretation of these results.
Towards Adaptive Residual Network Training: A Neural-ODE Perspective

In pursuit of resource-economical machine learning, attempts have been made to dynamically ad-just computation workloads in different training stages, i.e., starting with a shallow network and gradually increasing the model depth (and computation workloads) during training. However, there is neither guarantee nor guidance on designing such network grow, due to the lack of its theoretical underpinnings. In this work, to explore the theory behind, we conduct theoretical analyses from an ordinary differential equation perspective. Speciﬁcally, we illustrate the dynamics of network growth and propose a novel performance measure speciﬁc to the depth increase. Illuminated by our analyses, we move towards theoretically sound growing operations and schedulers, giving rise to an adaptive training algorithm for residual networks, LipGrow, which automatically increases network depth thus accelerates training. In our experiments, it achieves comparable performance while reducing ∼ 50% of training time.
Analysis of Factors Influencing Marketing Channel Choices by Smallholder Farmers: A Case Study of Paddy Product in Wet and Dry Season of Prey Veng Province, Cambodia

This study analyzes factors influencing marketing channels that were chosen by paddy smallholder farmers in the wet and dry season. The aims focused on determining the factors influence marketing channel choices to be able to reveal out the need for smallholder farmers to increase their productions and investments to formulate policies to enhance them such as increasing revenue, poverty alleviation, food security, and sustainable development. The primary data was collected through structured and semi-structured interviews with 216 smallholder farmers cultivated in both seasons, 12 collectors, 12 traders, 12 millers, 6 wholesalers, and 6 retailers by analyzed with Multinomial Logit. Results revealed that socio-economic, institutional, and marketing factors were different statistically significant influence into marketing channel choices in both seasons. These findings relate to factors that need to resolve and stimulate smallholder farmers to choose the right marketing channels by suggestion to policymakers. The outcomes of policies aim to stimulate and encourage extension office to support, sharing experiences, and knowledge to smallholder farmers who older, low experiences, and low educations. To improve extension services by the focus on telecommunications, storage facilities, and rural infrastructures. Moreover, urge smallholder farmers to market participation, and enhance market competitions. Finally, the policymakers should work efforts to improve and enhance the ongoing investments in the water supporting such as small, medium, large irrigation systems, and so forth for reducing the constraints.
N-cadherin negatively regulates collective Drosophila glial migration via actin cytoskeleton remodeling

1 Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France 2 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France 3 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France 4 Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France $ Present address: BioTalentum Ltd, Gödöllö 2100, Hungary & Present address: Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA + These authors contributed equally
Loss of control of asthma following inhaled corticosteroid withdrawal is associated with increased sputum interleukin-8 and neutrophils.

BACKGROUND The role of neutrophils in exacerbations of asthma is poorly understood. We examined the effect of withdrawal of inhaled corticosteroids on sputum inflammatory indexes in a double-blind study in patients with moderate, stable asthma. METHODS Following a 2-week run in period, 24 subjects were randomized to receive either budesonide (400 microg bid) or placebo, and the study was continued for another 10 weeks. RESULTS Loss of asthma control developed in 8 of 12 patients over the 10-week period of steroid withdrawal, whereas only 1 of 10 patients with budesonide treatment had exacerbations. Those with an exacerbation had increased sputum interleukin (IL)-8 (p < 0.0001) and increased sputum neutrophil numbers (p < 0.0001) compared to those without an exacerbation. The significant elevation in sputum IL-8 and neutrophil counts initially occurred 2 weeks prior to an exacerbation. Sputum neutrophilia correlated positively with changes in IL-8 levels (r(2) = 0.76, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Rapid withdrawal of inhaled corticosteroids results in an exacerbation of asthma that is preceded by an increase in sputum neutrophils and IL-8 concentrations, in contrast to an increase in eosinophils reported in previous studies in which inhaled steroids are slowly tapered.
A content-based recommender system for choosing universities

: Recommender system (RS) is a knowledge discovery and decision-making system that has been extensively used in a myriad of applications to assist people in making distinct choices from vast sources. This paper proposes a recommendation system that will help the prospective students of Bangladesh in choosing the most suitable private universities for getting admission. Since selecting the best private university does not depend merely on a few criteria or choices and making a decision considering all those criteria is not an easy task, a recommendation system can be of great assistance in this scenario for the prospective students. In this proposed recommendation system a list of top-K private universities is recommended to the students who are willing to get admitted to the private universities using content-based filtering technique. To attain this goal we considered six parameters, namely grade point average (GPA) of secondary school certificate (SSC) examination, GPA of higher secondary certificate (HSC) examination, total GPA, tuition fees, university ratings, and university rankings. Finally, we evaluated the system with a total of 947 real feedback from prospective students and obtained the accuracies of 89.05%, 95.85%, 48%, 92.32%, and 71.93% using 5 different performance metrics: precision, recall, specificity, F1 score, and balanced accuracy, respectively.
Reduction of the Intracanal Fragment in Experimental Burst Fractures

An experimental investigation was carried out to create burst fractures and to evaluate the mechanisms and degree of reduction of the intracanal fragment with posterior instrumentation techniques in multisegmental human cadaver specimens. Reduction of the spinal fragment through kyphosis correction and distraction was evaluated using CT imaging. With kyphosis correction alone there was no decrease in canal compromise; in some cases there was a slight increase in canal compromise. Distraction, whether applied before or after kyphosis correction was the effective mechanism in reducing the fracture fragment. Kyphosis correction applied after distraction did not reduce the fragment further. Posterior devices that are used to treat burst fractures of the thoracolumbar spine with intracanal fragments should provide some form of distraction.
Latch / Register Scheduling For Process Variation

Managing the effect of process variation is already a challenge, and may become more of one as device technology progresses. Because of the increasing burden of the overdesign necessary to meet overly strong timing guarantees, design flows need to be aware of the more subtle effects of particular design choices on yield. Statistical timing techniques offer exact this ability: to quantify the tradeoff between performance and yield for manufactured devices. Latch-based design offers a particularly ripe application for statistical analysis. Unlike edgetriggered registers, the variations across adjacent timing paths have the ability to interact, achieving a better yield than is possible with registers. Effects of this sort are not visible to a traditional timing analysis tool. The goal of this work is to explore the application of statistical techniques to latch-based design, both to analyze yield and to optimize it. In particular, the problem of clock scheduling for latches is examined in detail. The applicability of existing techniques is discussed, and several ideas are outlined for future work.
Private Counting from Anonymous Messages: Near-Optimal Accuracy with Vanishing Communication Overhead

Differential privacy (DP) is a formal notion for quantifying the privacy loss of algorithms. Algorithms in the central model of DP achieve high accuracy but make the strongest trust assumptions whereas those in the local DP model make the weakest trust assumptions but incur substantial accuracy loss. The shuffled DP model (Bittau et al., 2017; Erlingsson et al., 2019; Cheu et al., 2019) has recently emerged as a feasible middle ground between the central and local models, providing stronger trust assumptions than the former while promising higher accuracies than the latter. In this paper, we obtain practical communication-efficient algorithms in the shuffled DP model for two basic aggregation primitives used in machine learning: 1) binary summation, and 2) histograms over a moderate number of buckets. Our algorithms achieve accuracy that is arbitrarily close to that of central DP algorithms with an expected communication per user essentially matching what is needed without any privacy constraints! We demonstrate the practicality of our algorithms by experimentally comparing their performance to several widely-used protocols such as Randomized Response (Warner, 1965) and RAPPOR (Erlingsson et al., 2014).
OCULAR HYPERTENSION. A 15‐YEAR FOLLOW‐UP

A group of 55 subjects with ocular hypertension were followed‐up after 15 years. They were detected at a glaucoma screening on the island of Falster between 2031 volunteer blood donors, and they had an applanation pressure of ≧ 20 mmHg in one or both eyes. All the subjects were traced. Nine have died, all from general causes, and one of the deceased subjects was treated for simple glaucoma. Of the remaining 46 living subjects, 3 developed glaucomatous visual field defects despite treatment. In another 4 subjects anti‐glaucoma treatment was felt to be indicated. Of the non‐treated 39 living subjects, 20 had a decreased applanation pressure, well below 20 mmHg, and 19 had an unaltered applanation pressure. We found that neither the common blood groups nor a water provocative test performed in 1962 were of any help in predicting glaucomatous visual field defects. Central corneal thickness measurements performed in 1977 could not allocate the subjects to the groups simple glaucoma, applanation pressure > 20 mmHg or ≦ 20 mmHg.
Antiretroviral drug concentrations and HIV RNA in the genital tract of HIV-infected women receiving long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy.

OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine antiretroviral drug concentrations and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA rebound in cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) in relation to blood plasma (BP) in women receiving suppressive highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). METHODS Thirty-four HIV-infected women who had plasma HIV RNA levels < or =80 copies/mL for at least 6 months were enrolled. Sixty-eight paired CVF and BP drug concentrations and HIV RNA levels were determined before and 3-4 h after drug administration. For each woman and antiretroviral drug, the CVF:BP drug concentration ratios before and after drug administration were calculated. The nonparametric Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to determine if these ratios were different from 1.0. RESULTS Lamivudine (administered to 20 patients) and tenofovir (administered to 16) had significantly higher concentrations in CVF than in BP before drug administration, with mean CVF:BP concentration ratios of 3.19 (95% confidence interval, 1.2-8.5) and 5.2 (95% confidence interval, 1.2-22.6), respectively. Efavirenz (administered to 13 patients) and lopinavir (administered to 6) had significantly lower concentrations in CVF, with mean CVF:BP concentration ratios of 0.01 (95% confidence interval, 0.00-0.03) and 0.03 (0.01-0.11), respectively. During the study visit (median time after enrollment, 6 months), BP and CVF detectable HIV RNA levels were observed 7 patients (20.6%) and 1 patient (2.9%), respectively. CONCLUSION Despite lower CVF concentrations of key HAART components, such as efavirenz and lopinavir, virologic rebound was rare. The high concentrations of tenofovir and lamivudine in CVF may have implications for the prevention of sexual transmission during HAART and for pre-exposure or postexposure prophylaxis.
Modeling of thermal resistance dependence on design parameters in silicon-on-glass bipolar transistors

This contribution investigates the scalability of thermal resistance in modem RF bipolar transistors. Several different geometries of silicon-on-glass devices are numerically simulated in 3-D and the dependencies on geometric features are evidenced. A convenient meshing procedure is specifically developed for very thin geometries. Simulations are supported by a compact closed-form analytical model. The combination of both simulations and the model allows prediction of thermal resistance at device design stage.
A NEW METHODOLOGY FOR ESTIMATING NUCLEAR CASUALTIES AS A FUNCTION OF TIME

The Human Response Injury Profile (HRIP) nuclear methodology provides an estimate of casualties occurring as a consequence of nuclear attacks against military targets for planning purposes. The approach develops user-defined, time-based casualty and fatality estimates based on progressions of underlying symptoms and their severity changes over time. This paper provides a description of the HRIP nuclear methodology and its development, including inputs, human response and the casualty estimation process.
Door to disposition times for obstetric triage visits: Is there a July phenomenon?

The July phenomenon refers to a change in patient outcomes within teaching hospitals with the arrival of new and inexperienced house staff at the start of the academic year (July to June). In our obstetric triage unit we retrospectively evaluated the door to disposition time (DTDT) for 1817 patients who presented across July, December and May of academic years 2009–2010 and 2010–2011. DTDT was examined for three visit levels: non-urgent, urgent and emergent. No significant differences in disposition time were found for emergent visits. For urgent visits the median DTDT significantly decreased from 171 min in July to 155 min in December and 135 min in May (p < 0.001). Similarly for non-urgent visits, the median DTDT was greater during July than May (179 min vs. 133 min; p < 0.05). Electronic medical records (EMRs) were implemented in November 2010. Following the introduction of EMR shorter DTDT was seen in December 2010 versus December 2009 (median, 171 min vs. 150 min; p < 0.05), respectively. Our findings suggest a ‘July Phenomenon’ of greater disposition intervals for urgent and non-urgent obstetric triage visits across the academic year. Additionally the use of EMRs may facilitate patient flow through the OB triage unit.
2.5–3.0 μm strain-compensated InAs/InxGa1-xAs multiple quantum well lasers grown on InAlAs metamorphic buffer layers

InP-based strain-compensated InAs/In<inf>x</inf>Ga<inf>1-x</inf>As multiple quantum well lasers emitting at 2.5–3.0 μm are realized on InAlAs metamorphic buffer layers. A long lasing wavelength up to 2.9 μm at 230 K in pulsed mode is achieved.
Evaluation of the safety of an abbreviated course of injections of allergen extracts (rush immunotherapy) for the treatment of dogs with atopic dermatitis.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety of an abbreviated course of injections of allergen extracts (rush immunotherapy) for the treatment of dogs with atopic dermatitis. ANIMALS 30 dogs with atopic dermatitis examined at a veterinary dermatology referral practice for treatment with allergen-specific immunotherapy. PROCEDURE A catheter was placed in a vein in each dog. Dogs were constantly observed throughout the procedure. Allergen extracts were administered in increasing concentrations every 30 minutes for 6 hours to a maintenance concentration of 20,000 protein nitrogen units/ml. Epinephrine, oxygen, and emergency treatment were available as needed. RESULTS In 22 (73%) dogs, rush immunotherapy safely replaced the prolonged induction period (15 weeks) of weekly injections that consists of increasing concentrations of allergen extract. In 7 (23%) dogs, the induction period was abbreviated to 4 weeks. Of the 8 dogs that developed problems during rush immunotherapy, increased pruritus necessitated premature cessation of rush immunotherapy in 7, and 1 developed generalized wheals. Oral administration of prednisolone (1 mg/kg of body weight) resulted in resolution of adverse effects in all 8 dogs. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Rush immunotherapy performed by personnel at a veterinary hospital is a safe method for treatment of dogs with atopic dermatitis.
Executive and visuospatial sketchpad resources in euthymic bipolar disorder: Implications for visuospatial working memory architecture

Visuospatial working memory theory is used to interpret the cognitive impairment in euthymic bipolar disorder. Such patients show deficits in the Corsi Blocks Test (CBT) and executive control. To understand these deficits, 20 euthymic bipolar patients and controls were administered the CBT, Visual Patterns Test (VPT), and a new visual memory task designed to make minimal demands on executive resources. Initial analyses validated the visual memory task and implicated executive involvement in the CBT and VPT. Subsequent analyses on a number of tests confirmed CBT and executive deficits while performance was normal on the VPT and visual memory test. ANCOVA indicated that impaired executive function underpinned patients’ CBT performance. Implications for the interface between executive and slave systems of working memory are discussed.
Cannabis, Pain, and Sleep: Lessons from Therapeutic Clinical Trials of Sativex®, a Cannabis‐Based Medicine

Cannabis sativa L. has been utilized for treatment of pain and sleep disorders since ancient times. This review examines modern studies on effects of Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) on sleep. It goes on to report new information on the effects on sleep in the context of medical treatment of neuropathic pain and symptoms of multiple sclerosis, employing standardized oromucosal cannabis‐based medicines containing primarily THC, CBD, or a 1 : 1 combination of the two (Sativex®). Sleep‐laboratory results indicate a mild activating effect of CBD, and slight residual sedation with THC‐predominant extracts. Experience to date with Sativex in numerous Phase I–III studies in 2000 subjects with 1000 patient years of exposure demonstrate marked improvement in subjective sleep parameters in patients with a wide variety of pain conditions including multiple sclerosis, peripheral neuropathic pain, intractable cancer pain, and rheumatoid arthritis, with an acceptable adverse event profile. No tolerance to the benefit of Sativex on pain or sleep, nor need for dosage increases have been noted in safety extension studies of up to four years, wherein 40–50% of subjects attained good or very good sleep quality, a key source of disability in chronic pain syndromes that may contribute to patients' quality of life.
Benefits of information sharing with supply chain partnerships

The power of information technology can be harnessed to help supply chain members establish partnerships for better supply chain system performance. Supply chain partnerships can mitigate deficiencies associated with decentralized control and reduce the “bullwhip effect”. This study illustrates the benefits of supply chain partnerships based on information sharing. For a decentralized supply chain comprising a manufacturer and a retailer, we derive the members’ optimal inventory policies under different information sharing scenarios. We show that increasing information sharing among the members in a decentralized supply chain will lead to Pareto improvement in the performance of the entire chain. Specifically, the supply chain members can reap benefits in terms of reductions in inventory levels and cost savings from forming partnerships with one another. A case study is provided for illustration.