Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new look at an old visual system: structure and development of the compound eyes and optic ganglia of the brine shrimp Artemia salina Linnaeus, 1758 (Branchiopoda, anostraca).

Compared to research carried out on decapod crustaceans, the development of the visual system in representatives of the entomostracan crustaceans is poorly understood. However, the structural evolution of the arthropod visual system is an important topic in the new debate on arthropod relationships, and entomostracan crustaceans play a key role in this discussion. Hence, data on structure and ontogeny of the entomostracan visual system are likely to contribute new aspects to our understanding of arthropod phylogeny. Therefore, we explored the proliferation of neuronal stem cells (in vivo incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine) and the developmental expression of synaptic proteins (immunohistochemistry against synapsins) in the developing optic neuropils of the brine shrimp Artemia salina Linnaeus, 1758 (Crustacea, Entomostraca, Branchiopoda, Anostraca) from hatching to adulthood. The morphology of the adult visual system was examined in serial sections of plastic embedded specimens. Our results indicate that the cellular material that gives rise to the visual system (compound eyes and two optic ganglia) is contributed by the mitotic activity of neuronal stem cells that are arranged in three band-shaped proliferation zones. Synapsin-like immunoreactivity in the lamina ganglionaris and the medulla externa initiated only after the anlagen of the compound eyes had already formed, suggesting that the emergence of the two optic neuropils lags behind the proliferative action of these stem cells. Neurogenesis in A. salina is compared to similar processes in malacostracan crustaceans and possible phylogenetic implications are discussed.
Responses of adipose-derived stem cells during hypoxia: enhanced skin-regenerative potential

Mesenchymal stem cells within the stromal–vascular fraction of subcutaneous adipose tissue (i.e., adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs)), have been used for tissue engineering. In addition to serving a building-block function, ASCs are reported to secrete growth factors that are essential for their function. Increasing evidence indicates that ASCs play a significant role in skin regeneration, a function that is enhanced by hypoxia through upregulating secretion of growth factors. Although the anatomical sites of ASCs in the body are relatively oxygen-deficient, ASCs are usually cultured under normoxic conditions (i.e., atmospheric oxygen levels). Culturing ASCs under physiologically relevant low-oxygen-tension conditions may uniquely benefit the expansion, differentiation, adhesion, growth factor secretion and regenerative potential of ASCs. Therefore, understanding the response and adaptation of ASCs to hypoxia may be invaluable for developing novel cell- and cyto-therapy strategies. This review highlights our current understanding of cellular and molecular responses of ASCs to hypoxia, focusing on the enhancement of ASC function and secretory activity by hypoxic culture conditions.
Entwicklung eines Versuchsstandes für einen neuartigen piezoelektrischen Antrieb

Zusammenfassung: Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird ein neuartiger Versuchsstand fur einen piezoelektrischen Aktor entwickelt. Dieser Aktor kann als Antrieb fur ein haptisches Assistenzsystem zur Katheterisierung verwendet werden. Aufgebaut ist der Aktor aus einem Stapelaktor, einer Endmasse und einer geraden Spitze. Aufgrund ihrer Geometrie besitzt die Spitze mehrere Resonanzen. Durch selektive Anregung dieser unterschiedlichen Moden kann der Aktor Objekte in drei Freiheitsgraden antreiben. Aufgrund dieser Besonderheiten muss ein Versuchsstand fur drei rotatorische Freiheitsgrade entwickelt werden, um die mechanische Leistung des Aktors messen zu konnen. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Versuchsstand entwickelt, der mit Hilfe von Beschleunigungstests die mechanische Leistung ermittelt. Der piezoelektrische Aktor ist in einer Halterung senkrecht eingespannt, seine Spitze ist an eine Kugel gekoppelt. Die Kugel wird in einem spharischen Luftlager gelagert und kann daher nahezu reibungsfrei rotieren. Optische Maus-Sensoren messen die Drehzahl in den drei Rotationsachsen. Vorversuche zeigen die Funktionsfahigkeit der einzelnen Systemkomponenten. Zur Leistungsmessung beschleunigt der piezoelektrischen Aktor die Kugel aus dem Stand auf die maximal erreichbare Drehzahl. Anschliesend werden aus dem zeitlichen Verlauf der Drehzahl und der Masse der Kugel an einem PC die Drehmoment- und Leistungskennlinie berechnet. Ein weiteres Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Erweiterung und Optimierung der Software der Ultraschallelektronik des piezoelektrischen Aktors. Zur Anregung der unterschiedlichen Moden der Spitze muss der piezoelektrische Aktor mit einem Wechselsignal angesteuert werden. Hierbei basiert die Signalerzeugung auf dem Prinzip der Digitalen Signal Synthese (DDS). In dieser Arbeit wird ein DDS-Algorithmus zur simultanen Ausgabe von drei in Frequenz, Amplitude und Phasenverschiebung unterschiedlichen Signalen entwickelt und implementiert. Des weiteren wird eine Anbindung der Ultraschallelektronik mittels der USB-Schnittstelle an einen PC verwirklicht und eine Ansteuerung in LabView entworfen.
A large-scale knowledge management method based on the analysis of the use of online knowledge resources.

UNLABELLED Online health knowledge resources can be integrated into electronic health record systems using decision support tools known as "infobuttons. " In this study we describe a knowledge management method based on the analysis of knowledge resource use via infobuttons in multiple institutions. METHODS We conducted a two-phase analysis of laboratory test infobutton sessions at three healthcare institutions accessing two knowledge resources. The primary study measure was session coverage, i.e. the rate of infobutton sessions in which resources retrieved relevant content. RESULTS In Phase One, resources covered 78.5% of the study sessions. In addition, a subset of 38 noncovered tests that most frequently raised questions was identified. In Phase Two, content development guided by the outcomes of Phase One resulted in a 4% average coverage increase. CONCLUSION The described method is a valuable approach to large-scale knowledge management in rapidly changing domains.
Dezentrales autonomes Energiemanagement

Zusammenfassung Bislang wird das Lastverschiebepotenzial an einzelnen Anschlüssen in den Verteilnetzen lediglich für einen Abgleich von Erzeugung und Verbrauch in Situationen besonders hohen oder besonders niedrigen Angebots erneuerbarer Energien in Betracht gezogen (z. B. Demand Side Management). Eine koordinierte Regelung über die Anschlüsse bezogener bzw. eingespeister Leistungen lässt sich aber auch für eine effizientere Auslastung bestehender Netze und zum Einhalten von Betriebsgrenzen heranziehen, da mit einer solchen Regelung direkt Einfluss auf Leitungsströme oder Spannungsniveaus ausgeübt werden kann. Abstract The potential of adjusting the demand of certain appliances with time-flexible duty cycles is currently used for load balancing purposes only (e. g. Demand Side Management). However, a coordinated operation scheme for consumers and producers of electrical energy may also be used for grid stabilization or in general for a more efficient utilization of existing distribution grids, directly influencing line currents and voltage profiles along the network.
G‐protein‐coupled receptors: molecular mechanisms involved in receptor activation and selectivity of G‐protein recognition

G‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) play fundamental roles in regulating the activity of virtually every body cell. Upon binding of extracellular ligands, GPCRs interact with a specific subset of heterotrimeric G‐proteins that can then, in their activated forms, inhibit or activate various effector enzymes and/or ion channels. Molecular cloning studies have shown that GPCRs form one of the largest protein families found in nature, and it is estimated that approximately 1000 different such receptors exist in mammals. The molecular mechanisms involved in GPCR function, particularly the molecular modes of receptor activation and G‐pro‐tein recognition and activation, have therefore become the research focus of an ever increasing number of laboratories. This review will summarize and attempt to integrate recent data derived from structural, molecular genetic, biochemical, and biophysical studies that have shed new light on these processes. —Wess, J. G‐protein‐coupled receptors: molecular mechanisms involved in receptor activation and selectivity of G‐protein recognition. FASEB J. 11, 346‐354 (1997)
Expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 and monocyte adherence in arteries exposed to altered shear stress.

Local shear stresses generated by blood flow exert direct mechanical effects on adhesion of circulating leukocytes to vascular endothelium, but their effects on expression of endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecules have not been determined. Shear stress in rabbit carotid arteries was increased by 170% or decreased by 73% in 5 days by surgical manipulations. En face immunofluorescence staining with the monoclonal antibody Rb1/9 revealed that vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression was greatly increased under low shear stress, but the distribution of staining was patchy. Thus, 71.4 +/- 7.8% of fields were VCAM-1 positive versus 2.4 +/- 0.47% of fields in control arteries. Frequently, large regions showed consistent but heterogeneous staining. Occasionally, small islands of cells were labeled intensely. Monocytes, detected by use of the monocyte-specific antibody HAM 56, adhered to endothelium under low shear stress; 64.5 +/- 8.2% of the monocytes colocalized with detectable VCAM-1, although many (83.2 +/- 2.8%) VCAM-1-positive regions were devoid of monocytes. VCAM-1 expression also increased significantly but to a lesser extent when shear stress was approximately doubled. Thus, 8.7 +/- 1.5% of fields were VCAM-1 positive under high shear versus 2.5 +/- 0.87% under normal shear stress. No monocytes were detected at high shear stress. At normal shear stresses, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), detected by use of the monoclonal antibody Rb2/3, was extensively distributed; thus, 53.5 +/- 5.5% of fields contained ICAM-1-positive cells. The junctional regions of the cells were heavily stained. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Unexpected biodiversity of ciliates in marine samples from below the photic zone

Marine microbial eukaryotes play critical roles in planktonic food webs and have been described as most diverse in the photic zone where productivity is high. We used high‐throughput sequencing (HTS) to analyse the spatial distribution of planktonic ciliate diversity from shallow waters (<30 m depth) to beyond the continental shelf (>800 m depth) along a 163 km transect off the coast of New England, USA. We focus on ciliates in the subclasses Oligotrichia and Choreotrichia (class Spirotrichea), as these taxa are major components of marine food webs. We did not observe the decrease of diversity below the photic zone expected based on productivity and previous analyses. Instead, we saw an increase of diversity with depth. We also observed that the ciliate communities assessed by HTS cluster by depth layer and degree of water column stratification, suggesting that community assembly is driven by environmental factors. Across our samples, abundant OTUs tend to match previously characterized morphospecies while rare OTUs are more often undescribed, consistent with the idea that species in the rare biosphere remain to be characterized by microscopy. Finally, samples taken below the photic zone also reveal the prevalence of two uncharacterized (i.e. lacking sequenced morphospecies) clades – clusters X1 and X2 – that are enriched within the nano‐sized fraction (2–10 μm) and are defined by deletions within the region of the SSU‐rDNA analysed here. Together, these data reinforce that we still have much to learn about microbial diversity in marine ecosystems, especially in deep‐waters that may be a reservoir for rare species and uncharacterized taxa.
Flip chip on board: assessment of reliability in cellular phone application

Flip chips are generally seen as a potential future "packaging" option providing an alternative to chip scale packages. In this work, the reliability of flip chip assemblies was analyzed using daisy chain test components on a schematic test vehicle designed to emulate a cellular phone environment printed wiring board (PWB). The flip chip components were assembled in a standard surface mount technology process, where the flip chip bumps were first dipped in a flux film. A test matrix consisting of a number of flip chip test components with different input/output configurations, PWBs, fluxes, and underfills was built up. The assemblies were tested for potential damage to the flip chips and their interconnects by thermal cycling and by mechanical shock in a drop. After testing, the root causes of the failures were analyzed. As a separate task, the stress/strain generation that occurs in the flip chips in the drop test was analyzed using simulation, in order to find the critical locations on the test PWB.
The Genus Ogma (Criconematidae — Nematoda) in Australia

Species of criconematids formerly in the genus Pateracephalenema are transferred to the genus Ogma. Four new species and two new subspecies of Australian Ogma are described. Ogma feckneri n. sp. is distinguished from other described species by the long bare tail. O. sassafras n. sp. differs from related species by the longer stylet, larger number of body annules, more posterior excretory pore and higher number of annules from vulva to tail terminus. O. haguei n. sp. diifers from related species in tail shape, stylet length, number of body annules and position of vulva. O. bellum n. sp. is distinguished by the widely expanded lip region, greater number of scales per annule, and fewer body annules. O. civellae whianus n. ssp. may be distinguished by the single lip annule, and the very long stylet. O. civellae arboreum n. ssp. is characterised by the deeply fringed first annule, and the higher number of scales per annule. Further information is given about O. alticolum and O. australe. As a result of the transfer of Pateracephalanema australe to Ogma, 0. australis Andrássy becomes a junior homonym of O. australe Colbran and is therefore renamed O. andrássyi n.n. A checklist of species recorded in Australia is provided.
Compact Dual-Port Polarization-Reconfigurable Antenna With High Isolations for MIMO Application

This letter proposes the design of a dual-port microstrip patch antenna with polarization reconfigurability features. The reconfigurability is realized through the modification of the feed network. The antenna consists of a circular-shaped patch on the upper substrate as a radiating element, and a coplanar-waveguide (CPW) slotline transmission located in the ground plane. To obtain a good impedance matching, the CPW slotline is terminated with a tapered impedance transformer. Dual ports are constructed by utilizing the CPW feeding structure and the odd and even feedline modes of the CPW. Four p-i-n diodes are used as switches to alter the flow of the current. The p-i-n diodes are placed on the CPW transmission slotline interjunction. Consequently, the excited polarization can be altered and determined, depending on the switch configurations. This antenna demonstrates good port-to-port isolation and a compact structure and is suitable to be used in systems that operate in a wireless local area network (WLAN) frequency band.
The p97 ATPase Dislocates MHC Class I Heavy Chain in US2-expressing Cells via a Ufd1-Npl4-independent Mechanism*

The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) protein US2 hijacks the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated degradation machinery to dispose of MHC class I heavy chain (HC) at the ER. This process requires retrotranslocation of newly synthesized HC molecules from the ER membrane into the cytosol, but the mechanism underlying the dislocation reaction has been elusive. Here we establish an in vitro permeabilized cell assay that recapitulates the retrotranslocation of MHC HC in US2-expressing cells. Using this assay, we demonstrate that the dislocation process requires ATP and ubiquitin, as expected. The retrotranslocation also involves the p97 ATPase. However, the mechanism by which p97 dislocates MHC class I HC in US2 cells is distinct from that in US11 cells: the dislocation reaction in US2 cells is independent of the p97 cofactor Ufd1-Npl4. Our results suggest that different retrotranslocation mechanisms can employ distinct p97 ATPase complexes to dislocate substrates.
Etude de la physiopathologie du récepteur FcgammaRIIB dans les lymphomes B malins non-Hodgkiniens

Le recepteur de basse affinite pour les fragments Fc des immunoglobulines G, FcgammaRIIB, joue un role cle dans la regulation negative des reponses immunes. Il est capable d'inhiber les fonctions cellulaires B induites par le BCR, ainsi que a induire un processus de mort cellulaire, encore tres peu caracterisee dans la litterature. Recemment, un role potentiel de FcgammaRIIB dans la tumorigenese a ete identifie. En particulier, la deregulation de l'expression de FcgammaRIIB suite a des translocations chromosomiques a ete rapportee dans des cas de lymphomes folliculaires. Nous avons, ainsi etudie les consequences du recrutement des recepteurs FcgammaRIIB dans des lignees de lymphome B. Nous montrons que le co-recrutement de recepteurs FcgammaRII a l'aide d'anticorps anti-FcgammaRII (FLI 8.26) induit la mort cellulaire de cellules de lymphome B, mais n'induit pas la mort des lymphocytes B normaux. Ce processus apoptotique dans les cellules tumorales B est caspase dependant (liberation du cytochrome c, clivage de la caspase-9, activation de la caspase-3) et independant (liberation d'AIF). Nous montrons que la phosphorylation des recepteurs FcgammaRIIB est un evenement precoce dans la voie de signalisation apoptotique. De plus, le traitement par FLI 8.26 a induit l'expression de la proteine HSP27. Nos resultats ont montre pour la premiere fois les mecanismes de mort cellulaire FcgammaRIIB dependante dans les lymphomes B humains. Nous suggerons que la mort cellulaire FcgammaRIIB dependante pourrait ainsi, etre mise a profit en therapeutique.
« Succès » et « échec » d'un outil de gestion

Le budget est de plus en plus critique. Certains suggerent meme qu’il puisse etre abandonne. Cela marquerait l’echec d’un outil apparu dans les annees 1930 et qui avait connu un grand succes depuis. Il est encore trop tot pour savoir si les critiques conduiront a sa disparition. Mais il est deja suffisamment tot pour comparer symetriquement les rhetoriques mises en place a sa naissance et celles qui se sont developpees pour suggerer sa disparition. Or, certaines de ces rhetoriques sont etrangement similaires. Au nom de la turbulence de l’environnement et de la liberation du potentiel creatif des managers, le budget est apparu tantot comme une solution, tantot comme une impasse. Nous proposons en conclusion une interpretation de ce phenomene.
Predicción del desempeño de las técnicas de visualización a partir de métricas sobre los datos

El objetivo de una visualizacion es obtener una representacion del conjunto de datos que ayude al usuario en la correcta interpretacion de los mismos y asi lograr un acertado analisis de estos. Dado el constante crecimiento de los conjuntos de datos en diferentes y variados campos de la informacion, la tarea de elegir la tecnica mas adecuada para visualizar convenientemente los datos no es sencilla. Ademas, el resultado del proceso de visualizacion depende de todas las decisiones que se hayan tomando a lo largo de dicho proceso: un usuario inexperto es propenso a tomar decisiones equivocadas afectando negativamente la visualizacion obtenida y, a la larga, frustrando su experiencia con la visualizacion. Si bien a la hora de visualizar conjuntos de datos pequenos no hay grandes desafios, la situacion cambia al intentar visualizar grandes conjuntos de datos: una mala decisioon tomada en cualquier punto del proceso de visualizacioon y el resultado obtenido puede no ser satisfactorio. Una alternativa para solucionar este problema es guiar al usuario en la toma de decisiones a lo largo del proceso. Sin embargo, esta tarea no es sencilla: implica la existencia de herramientas que permitan predecir que decision es “mos conveniente” tomar. Una forma de elegir la decision mas conveniente es basarse en metricas sobre los datos que describan aspectos claves de la tecnica y permitan predecir el resultado final sin necesidad de aplicar la tecnica sobre los datos.
Retina Visual Signal Pathway Reorganization in the Cacna 1 f Mutant Rat Model

METHODS. Retinas isolated from the spontaneous Cacna1f mutant rats or wild-type rats were placed into a recording chamber, with the ganglion cell layer facing the biochip electrode array. The light-driven responses of the retinal ganglion cells (RCGs) were recorded using a multielectrode array (MEA) system. In the electrical stimulus cases, chargebalanced biphasic current pulse trains were generated and applied to the central electrode of MEA to stimulate the RCGs. Chemical compounds were bath-applied through an active perfusion system. The acquired data were further analyzed offline.
Magnetism in Coaxial Palladium Nanowires

While bulk palladium is nonmagnetic, several recent studies have shown that magnetism can occur in hcp Pd films, fcc twinned Pd nanoparticles, and Pd atomic strands. These studies show that small changes in Pd atomic configurations can induce magnetic properties. This raises the question of whether nanoscale Pd structures in general are magnetic. In this work, we examine coaxial palladium nanowires in an effort to determine the most stable configurations and their magnetic properties. Relaxed nanowire structures are found using density functional calculations in the plane wave basis. In several metallic systems such as gold, coaxial nanowires have proven to be the lowest energy configurations for ultrathin (⩽1nm) nanowires. We consider magnetism in these structures as a function of diameter and coaxial configuration. These results are also compared to fcc and hcp Pd nanowires of comparable diameters. We find that the (6, 0) coaxial nanowire provides the most stable structure and exhibits a magnetic moment.
Effect of swing legs on turning motion of a free-falling cat robot

Based on self-righting principle of a free-falling cat, a multi-rigid-body dynamic model of a cat robot is built with the consideration of swing legs and the relation between turning rate and swing angle of legs is got. Mechanical structure of the cat robot is designed and dynamics simulation is carried out to validate the theoretical analysis. Simulation results indicate that flip angle of the cat robot becomes larger with the increase of angle or angular velocity of swing legs. By contrast, the change of swing angle has more influence on flip angle of the cat robot. Adjusting angle and angular velocity of swing legs to suitable numerical values, energy consumption of turning motion can be reduced effectively.