Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Renal Anemia : Underdiagnosed and Undertreated

END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE The number of patients enrolled in Medicare’s end-stage renal disease (ESRD) program has increased in near-exponential fashion over the past 30 years — from approximately 10 000 beneficiaries in 1973, to more than 86 000 in 1983, to an estimated 400 000 in 2003. As documented by data from the US Renal Data System (USRDS), about 100 000 new patients with ESRD enter the program every year, and the overall prevalence of ESRD in the United States is expected to reach 661 330 by the year 2010 (Figure 1). In the late 1990s, 72% of these patients were being treated by dialysis, and 28% had received functioning kidney transplants. The costs for this highly sophisticated ESRD care were an estimated $17.9 billion in 1999, which represents about 6% of the entire Health Care Financing Administration budget and more than the National Institutes of Health’s total annual budget of $15.6 billion. Despite the tremendous investment of resources in ESRD treatment programs, the Renal Anemia: Underdiagnosed and Undertreated
Low dose acetylsalicylic acid in prevention of pregnancy‐induced hypertension and intrauterine growth retardation in women with bilateral uterine artery notches

One trial showed a statistically non-significant trend towards harm. However, with meta-analysis of all five trials, we were able to demonstrate a statistically significant benefit of aspirin in preventing pre-eclampsia, although our estimation of average effect was relatively imprecise (pooled odds ratio 1⁄4 0.55, 95% CI 0.32–0.95, P 1⁄4 0.03). With the current trial, we have updated our meta-analysis (see Fig. 1) and found results to be supportive of the editorial viewpoint: ‘aspirin does reduce the risk of pre-eclampsia’. There is now substantial evidence that aspirin is of benefit among women with abnormal uterine artery Doppler. Therefore, this test and treatment combination should now be considered for incorporation into clinical practice in high risk women. There is a tendency for apathy among clinicians towards implementing treatments recently shown to be effective. There are several examples of this; steroids for respiratory distress syndrome is only one example. We hope this mistake will not occur with aspirin therapy to prevent pre-eclampsia in women with abnormal uterine artery Doppler.
Development of unbalanced three-phase distribution power flow analysis using sequence and phase components

This paper presents a new power-flow method for analyzing unbalanced distribution networks. In this method, an unbalanced distribution network Is decomposed to: 1) main three-phase network with three-phase line segments and 2) unbalanced laterals with two-phase and single-phase line segments. The proposed method allows solving the main three-phase network based on the decoupled positive-, negative, and zero-sequence networks. The unbalanced laterals are solved using the forward/backward method In phase components. The solution process Involves three main steps. Firstly, In phase components, the backward step Is executed to calculate an equivalent current Injection for each unbalanced lateral. Secondly, the main three-phase network Is solved In sequence components. The standard Newton-Raphson and fast decoupled methods are used for solving the positive-sequence network whereas the negative- and zero-sequence networks are represented by two nodal voltage equations. Finally, In phase components, the forward step Is performed to update the voltages In the unbalanced laterals. The three-steps are repeated till convergence happen. Distribution network characteristics such as line coupling, transformer phase shifts, voltage regulators, PV nodes, capacitor banks, and spot or distributed loads with any type and connection are considered. Solution of unbalanced radial feeders shows that the proposed hybrid algorithm Is accurate.
Influence of Speed and Accuracy Constraints on Motor Learning for a Trajectory-Based Movement

ABSTRACT This study investigated the influences of task constraint on motor learning for a trajectory-based movement considering the speed–accuracy relationship. In the experiment, participants practiced trajectory-based movements for five consecutive days. The participants were engaged in training with time-minimization or time-matching constraints. The results demonstrated that the speed–accuracy tradeoff was not apparent or was weak in the training situation. When the participants practiced the movement with a time-minimization constraint, movement errors did not vary, whereas the movement time decreased. With the time-matching constraint, the errors decreased as a session proceeded. These results were discussed in terms of the combination of signal-dependent noises and exploratory search noises. It is suggested that updating spatial and temporal factors does not appear to occur simultaneously in motor learning.
Motivators and Barriers to Using Patient Experience Reports for Performance Improvement

Increasingly, patient experience surveys are available to provide performance feedback to physician groups. However, limited published literature addresses factors influencing use of these reports for performance improvement. To address this gap, we conducted semistructured interviews with leaders of Massachusetts physician groups. We asked about factors influencing groups’ use of performance data and report characteristics. Motivating characteristics included having group leaders who emphasized a positive patient experience and prioritized patient retention; public reporting was not an important motivator for most groups. Full physician panels were perceived as a barrier to use of reports. Performance reports from a statewide public reporting collaborative were not sufficient for the majority of groups, with many seeking external reports. As policy makers create financial incentives to support performance improvement, assisting leaders to articulate the professional case for patient experience and enhancing the content and timing of performance reports may be important.
EFFECT OF PROLACTIN ON THE TADPOLE TAIL FIN. I. STIMULATORY EFFECT OF PROLACTIN ON THE COLLAGEN SYNTHESIS OF THE TADPOLE TAIL FIN

Bovine prolactin stimulated the growth of connective tissues both in the tail fins and in other regions of the tadpole tail. Correlated with the morphological effect of the hormone on the tadpole tails, protein synthesis in tail fins was promoted about 2 times by prolactin. Experiments performed to determine the kind of protein, the synthesis of which was stimulated by prolactin, revealed that the hormone specifically enhanced collagen synthesis about 40 folds as compared to untreated animals.
The relationship between the Stiles–Crawford effect of the first kind (SCE‐I) and myopia

The Stiles–Crawford effect of the first kind (SCE‐I) was measured on both emmetropic and myopic subjects at six different retinal locations. The results revealed a number of significant discrepancies in receptor alignment between the groups of different refractive errors. In myopic subjects, the receptors in the nasal retina (i.e. between the fovea and the optic nerve head) were found to be aligned nasally towards the optic nerve head, whereas the receptors in the temporal retina were aligned towards the centre of the exit pupil. In emmetropic subjects, the receptors across the retina were finely tuned towards the centre of the exit pupil. The magnitude of the receptor displacement in myopic subjects was found to be directly associated with the length of the eyeball.
Data Mining In Temporal Sequences: ATechnique Based On MC

Data Mining is a new research area that develops techniques for knowledge discovery in massive amounts of data. The way such data are collected and modeled is quite important to define which kind of knowledge could be investigated and consequently to develop proper methods. One of the most investigated topics in data mining is the discovery of knowledge about data organized as temporal sequences. This work proposes a new modeling technique to mine information from data that are expressed in the form of temporal sequences of events associated to entities. In particular such a technique aims at extracting non-evident behavioral patterns from data in order to identify different classes of entities in the considered population. In order to represent the behavior of the entities, a Markov chain model is adopted and the transition probabilities for such a model are computed. The information extracted by means of the proposed technique can be used as decisional support in a large range of problems, such as marketing or social behavioral questions. A case study concerning the university dropout problem is presented together with further developments of Markov chain modeling technique in order to improve the prediction and/or interpretation power. The technique based on Markov chains is used for defining a dynamic framework that gives a concise representation of the problem as well as the opportunity to perform local drill down activities to improve the analysis. In particular the proposed interface gives the decisionmaker the possibility to make access to a different kind of information derived from the analysis of the individual patterns followed by the students. Experimental results on the data about the students of University of Genova, Faculty of Engineering will be presented in order to show the accuracy of the proposed method and its potential application to the decisional process. Data Mining II, C.A. Brebbia & N.F. F. Ebecken (Editors) © 2000 WIT Press, www.witpress. com, ISBN 1-85312-821-X
Anforderungen an CPS aus Sicht der Automatisierungstechnik

Zusammenfassung Die Entwicklung von CPS zeichnet sich durch das Zusammenspiel unterschiedlicher Disziplinen, wie der Informatik und der Automatisierungstechnik (AT), aus. Methoden der Informatik versprechen einen hohen Mehrwert in der Entwicklung zukünftiger CPS, wenn sie auf die Anforderungen der AT, wie z. B. Lebenszyklusaspekte, angepasst werden. Im Folgenden werden vielversprechende Ansätze vor dem Hintergrund der Anforderungen aus der AT beleuchtet. Abstract The development of CPS is marked by the interaction of different disciplines such as software engineering and automation engineering. Methods developed for software engineering, when adapted in conformance to requirements coming from automation engineering such as life-cycle aspects, promise benefits in the development of future CPS. In the following promising approaches are analyzed taking requirements from automation engineering into consideration.
Dose erlotinib add beneficial effect on cytotoxic agent for patients with pretreated advanced non-small cell lung cancer?

Combination of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) with platinum-containing standard chemotherapy failed to provide better outcomes in the first-line setting for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in several phase III trials. The approved monotherapy of erlotinib, pemetrexed or docetaxel as the second-line regimen still remains unsatisfactory in anti-tumor effects for recurrent NSCLC. Combination of EGFRTKI with cytotoxic drug seemed a promising strategy to improve therapeutic outcome for pretreated advanced NSCLC, because preclinical studies indicated schedule-dependent administration of EGFR-TKI with a specific cytotoxic drug had synergistic anti-tumor effects against NSCLC cells. Several clinical pharmacokinetic analyses in dose-finding phase I studies revealed that intermittent erlotinib with pemetrexed or docetaxel did not induce any potential antagonism between two drugs when erlotinib and its metabolites were almost completely swept away from plasma at the subsequent pemetrexed or docetaxel dosing. Recently, four phase II studies of combination of erlotinib with pemetrexed or docetaxel in the second-line setting for patients with NSCLC were reported. As a result, additional anti-tumor effects of erlotinib on cytotoxic drug still remain controversial. Three phase II studies showed favorable results and supported combination strategy of erlotinib, but our study failed to demonstrate the benefits from combination of intermittent erlotinib with tri-weekly pemetrexed. Herein, we review whether combination of erlotinib with cytotoxic drug is a promising therapeutic approach as the second-line treatment for advanced NSCLC.
Efecto del programa de formación docente, “enseñando a pensar” en ambiente virtual de aprendizaje -A V A-, sobre el conocimiento matemático temprano

El presente estudio determina el efecto del programa de formacion docente “Ensenando a Pensar” en ambiente virtual de aprendizaje, sobre el conocimiento matematico temprano en ninos que cursan los grados de transicion y primero de primaria de colegios publicos de estrato 1 y 2 del distrito de Barranquilla. Se empleo un diseno de tipo cuasi-experimental y como instrumento el test TEMA-3, la muestra estuvo representada por 191 estudiantes. Los resultados fueron analizados mediante ANOVA y la prueba t de Students para muestras relacionadas, encontrando que existe una diferencia significativa en los conocimientos matematico temprano en las diferentes categorias, entre los ninos pertenecientes al grupo experimental y los del grupo control con respecto a los conocimientos que obtuvieron despues de la implementacion del programa, atribuido a que este es una propuesta integral que busca mejorar la calidad educativa, aprovechando las potencialidades de las tecnologias de la informacion y la comunicacion.
Students' perception in the use of self-made YouTube videos in teaching Mathematics

This work examined the use of self-made YouTube videos by lecturers in teaching Mathematics. A few studies have emphasized the importance of bringing YouTube in the classroom. A lecturer may use YouTube videos available on Internet or create his own videos as teaching materials. The purpose of this work is to study students' perceptions and preferences between these two options. A sample of 213 first year students completed a survey on their perceptions of the use of YouTube videos that were created by their lecturers. The study also included students' perceptions on the preferred length of video lectures of topics in Mathematics. The results confirmed that YouTube is commonly used by students and showed that videos created by their lecturers are preferred to videos found on Internet. The study suggested the use of videos with length less than 15 minutes for each topic in Mathematics.
Prevalence of Candida spp. in hospitalized patients and their risk factors

Summary. A total of 133 Candida spp. strains originating from a group of 100 patients from Santa Casa de Misericórdia of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, between March 1995 and December 1996, were first identified and classified into six different species: Candida albicans (51%), C. tropicalis (33%), C. parapsilosis (8%), C. glabrata (5%), C. krusei (2%) and C. guilliermondii (1%). All C. albicans strains were serotyped and 55% of these were found to belong to serotype A and 45% belonging to serotype B. The medical records of each patient were examined to characterise and survey the main risk factors associated with them. Most of the patients were between 60‐ and 80‐years‐old, 53% were males and 47% were females. Most patients were from the intensive care unit (ICU). Only 10 patients were not exposed to antimicrobial agents and 72 patients were not prescribed antifungal agents. Forty patients showed no other clinical condition and all showed some underlying disease that justified hospitalization. Eighty‐seven patients had undergone some invasive procedure and 31 patients had been submitted to two different procedures simultaneously.
Pranlukast Inhibits NF-κB Activation and MUC2 Gene Expression in Cultured Human Epithelial Cells

Pranlukast is a selective cysteinyl leukotriene1 (cysLT1) receptor antagonist, and is now widely used in the treatment of asthma. The anti-asthmatic effect of pranlukast may be rendered not only by antileukotriene activity, but also by other pharmacological activity. This study was designed to investigate whether pranlukast had inhibitory effects on nuclear factor-ĸB (NF-ĸB) activation and mucin gene expression in cultured human epithelial cells. Luciferase assay was mainly used for analysis. Cultured epithelial cells were transfected with NF-ĸB luciferase vector, MUC2 or MUC5AC luciferase vectors. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) significantly increased NF-ĸB activation in NCI-H292 cells, which was inhibited by the pretreatment by pranlukast in a dose-dependent manner. Either LTD4 or pranlukast alone did not increase NF-ĸB activation in NCI-H292 cells. Pranlukast also inhibited NF-ĸB activation induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Pranlukast also significantly inhibited LPS-induced MUC2 mRNA expression by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis in NCI-H292 cells. Pranlukast also inhibited LPS-induced MUC2 gene expression in HM3-MUC2 cells. However, pranlukast did not inhibit MUC5AC gene transcription activity induced by lipoteichoic acid (LTA) in NCI-H292 cells. These results suggest that pranlukast may inhibit NF-ĸB activation and MUC2 gene transcription through pathways distinct from cysLT1 receptor antagonism in cultured human epithelial cells.
FiSSE: A simple nonparametric test for the effects of a binary character on lineage diversification rates

It is widely assumed that phenotypic traits can influence rates of speciation and extinction, and several statistical approaches have been used to test for correlations between character states and lineage diversification. Recent work suggests that model‐based tests of state‐dependent speciation and extinction are sensitive to model inadequacy and phylogenetic pseudoreplication. We describe a simple nonparametric statistical test (“FiSSE”) to assess the effects of a binary character on lineage diversification rates. The method involves computing a test statistic that compares the distributions of branch lengths for lineages with and without a character state of interest. The value of the test statistic is compared to a null distribution generated by simulating character histories on the observed phylogeny. Our tests show that FiSSE can reliably infer trait‐dependent speciation on phylogenies of several hundred tips. The method has low power to detect trait‐dependent extinction but can infer state‐dependent differences in speciation even when net diversification rates are constant. We assemble a range of macroevolutionary scenarios that are problematic for likelihood‐based methods, and we find that FiSSE does not show similarly elevated false positive rates. We suggest that nonparametric statistical approaches, such as FiSSE, provide an important complement to formal process‐based models for trait‐dependent diversification.
Sphingolipid transfer proteins defined by the GLTP-fold

Abstract Glycolipid transfer proteins (GLTPs) originally were identified as small (~24 kDa), soluble, amphitropic proteins that specifically accelerate the intermembrane transfer of glycolipids. GLTPs and related homologs now are known to adopt a unique, helically dominated, two-layer ‘sandwich’ architecture defined as the GLTP-fold that provides the structural underpinning for the eukaryotic GLTP superfamily. Recent advances now provide exquisite insights into structural features responsible for lipid headgroup selectivity as well as the adaptability of the hydrophobic compartment for accommodating hydrocarbon chains of differing length and unsaturation. A new understanding of the structural versatility and evolutionary premium placed on the GLTP motif has emerged. Human GLTP-motifs have evolved to function not only as glucosylceramide binding/transferring domains for phosphoinositol 4-phosphate adaptor protein-2 during glycosphingolipid biosynthesis but also as selective binding/transfer proteins for ceramide-1-phosphate. The latter, known as ceramide-1-phosphate transfer protein, recently has been shown to form GLTP-fold while critically regulating Group-IV cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 activity and pro-inflammatory eicosanoid production.
Fluorine Bonding - How Does It Work In Protein-Ligand Interactions?

Although fluorination of pharmacologically active compounds has long been a common strategy to increase their metabolic stability and membrane permeation, the functionality of protein-ligand interactions involving fluorine atoms (fluorine bonding) was only recently recognized in the chemistry and biology communities. In this study, the geometric characteristics and the energetic behaviors of fluorine bonding were systematically investigated by combining two quite disparate but complementary approaches: X-ray structural analysis and theoretical calculations. We found that the short contacts involving fluorine atoms (generalized fluorine bonding) between proteins and fluorinated ligands are very frequent, and these contacts, compared to those routine hydrogen/halogen bonding, are more similar to sulfur-involved hydrogen bonding observed in proteins. ONIOM-based quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics analysis further revealed that fluorine bonding does play an essential role in protein-ligand binding, albeit the strength of isolated fluorine bonding is quite modest. Furthermore, 14 quantum mechanics (QM) and molecular mechanics (MM) methods were performed to reproduce fluorine bonding energies obtained at the rigorous MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory, and the results showed that most QM and very few MM methods perform well in the reproducibility; the MPWLYP functional and MMFF94 force field are recommended to study moderate and large fluorine bonding systems, respectively.
Decreased high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol is associated with inflammation and insulin resistance in non‐diabetic haemodialysis patients

Aim: Lower serum high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) is associated with inflammation, insulin resistance and poor cardiovascular outcomes in the general population. However, in a large‐scale study, the association between HDL and survival in haemodialysis patients was not present. The exact cause of lack of HDL‐C protection in the dialysis population is still obscure.
Quantum Gambling Using Two Nonorthogonal States

We give a (remote) quantum gambling scheme that makes use of the fact that quantum nonorthogonal states cannot be distinguished with certainty. In the proposed scheme, two participants Alice and Bob can be regarded as playing a game of making guesses on identities of quantum states that are in one of two given nonorthogonal states: if Bob makes a correct (an incorrect) guess on the identity of a quantum state that Alice has sent, he wins (loses). It is shown that the proposed scheme is secure against the nonentanglement attack. It can also be shown heuristically that the scheme is secure in the case of the entanglement attack.