Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Clinicians’ Description of Factors Influencing Their Reporting of Suspected Child Abuse: Report of the Child Abuse Reporting Experience Study Research Group

OBJECTIVES. Primary care clinicians participating in the Child Abuse Reporting Experience Study did not report all suspected physical child abuse to child protective services. This evaluation of study data seeks (1) to identify factors clinicians weighed when deciding whether to report injuries they suspected might have been caused by child abuse; (2) to describe clinicians’ management strategies for children with injuries from suspected child abuse that were not reported; and (3) to describe how clinicians explained not reporting high-suspicion injuries. METHODS. From the 434 pediatric primary care clinicians who participated in the Child Abuse Reporting Experience Study and who indicated they had provided care for a child with an injury they perceived as suspicious, a subsample of 75 of 81 clinicians completed a telephone interview. Interviewees included 36 clinicians who suspected child abuse but did not report the injury to child protective services (12 with high suspicion and 24 with some suspicion) and 39 who reported the suspicious injury. Interviews were analyzed for major themes and subthemes, including decision-making regarding reporting of suspected physical child abuse to child protective services and alternative management strategies. RESULTS. Four major themes emerged regarding the clinicians’ reporting decisions, that is, familiarity with the family, reference to elements of the case history, use of available resources, and perception of expected outcomes of reporting to child protective services. When they did not report, clinicians planned alternative management strategies, including active or informal case follow-up management. When interviewed, some clinicians modified their original opinion that an injury was likely or very likely caused by abuse, to explain why they did not report to child protective services. CONCLUSIONS. Decisions about reporting to child protective services are guided by injury circumstances and history, knowledge of and experiences with the family, consultation with others, and previous experiences with child protective services.
Phenolic Constituents of Carex vulpinoidea Seeds and their Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activities

Two new phenolics, a stilbenoid, vulpinoideol A (1), and a chalcone, vulpinoideol B (2), along with ten known compounds (3–12) were isolated from Carex vulpinoidea Michx. seeds. The structures of compounds 1–12 were elucidated based on spectrometric and spectroscopic analyses including HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR data. All compounds were evaluated for their tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory activities.
Haemodynamic effects of a long-acting somatostatin analogue in patients with liver cirrhosis.

The influence of SMS 201-995 (octreotide, Sandostatin), a long-acting somatostatin analogue, on splanchnic haemodynamics was studied in 15 patients with liver cirrhosis and in 5 healthy individuals before, during, and after 60 min of intravenous SMS infusion (25 and 50 micrograms/h, respectively). No adverse effects of the SMS infusion were seen. In the basal state the estimated hepatic blood flow was 1.04 +/- 0.08 l/min (mean +/- SE) in the patients and 1.62 +/- 0.09 l/min (P less than 0.001) in the controls. At 15 min after the beginning of the infusion the blood flow had already decreased by 15-30% (P less than 0.05-0.01). The reduction was more marked in controls than in patients, and it persisted in both groups during and for 60 min after the infusion. Wedged hepatic venous pressure, measured in the patients, was 20 +/- 2 mmHg in the basal state and 18 +/- 1 mmHg during the infusion (P less than 0.05), and it remained at this level for 60 min after the infusion. Free hepatic venous pressure was unchanged throughout the study. Splanchnic oxygen uptake was similar in the two groups in the basal state and remained unaltered during and after SMS infusion. Both heart rate and arterial systolic and diastolic blood pressure remained unchanged during SMS administration. In summary, SMS infusion results in a fall in hepatic blood flow and a slight but significant decrease in wedged hepatic venous pressure, whereas no effect was noted on the systemic circulation. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Non-Invasive Arterial Stiffness Assessment Instrument for Homecare

In this paper, we discuss the development of an easy-to-use non-intrusive arterial stiffness assessment instrument PWV-DVPE (pulse wave velocity by digital volume pulse easy). The instrument records the digital volume pulses simultaneously from both the finger and the ear. The time delay difference between the two digital volume pulses is measured. The PWV is calculated by dividing the difference of the distances between the finger and the ear by the time delay difference. We study 34 subjects (20 men and 14 women, 20 to 44 years of age) and show the good performance of PWV-DVPE for monitoring arterial stiffness. At home, only a few minutes is needed for conducting a self arterial stiffness assessment. Therefore, early self-monitoring of cardiovascular dysfunction and arterial stiffness can be easily and effectively achieved.
A Randomized Contention-Based Load-Balancing Protocol for a Distributed Multiserver Queuing System

A novel protocol for load balancing in distributed multiserver queuing systems is proposed. The protocol is based on an anonymous multicast communication in a network of servers or workers. A formal description of the protocol in terms of a state diagram is given. The complexity issues of the protocol are considered. The protocol was investigated by the use of a simulation model in terms of a class of the extended Petri nets and implemented as a prototype system on a group of computers in a LAN of Ethernet type. The results of simulation and prototype-system studies of a distributed queuing system with the proposed protocol are compared to the behavior of an ideal, centralized queuing system. Limitations and possible extensions to the protocol are outlined.
Human Dopamine D3 and D2L Receptors Couple to Inward Rectifier Potassium Channels in Mammalian Cell Lines

The molecular mechanisms coupling the D3 dopamine receptor to downstream effectors have neither been well defined nor well characterized. Here we examine the coupling of the human D3 receptor to G-protein coupled inward rectifier potassium channels (GIRKs) in mammalian cells. Human D3 receptors couple strongly to homomeric human GIRK2 channels coexpressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, with a coupling efficiency comparable to that of D2L receptors. The coupling between D3 receptors and native GIRK channels was examined in an AtT-20 mouse pituitary cell line stably expressing the human D3 receptor. AtT-20 cells endogenously express somatostatin and muscarinic receptors coupled to GIRK channels. RT-PCR and Western blot analyses revealed that AtT-20 cells natively express Kir3.1 and Kir3.2 channel isoforms, but not D2 or D3 dopamine receptors. In D3 receptor expressing AtT-20 cells, application of the D2/D3 receptor agonist, quinpirole, induces pertussis toxin-sensitive inward rectifying K+ currents that are blocked by barium. Activation of D3 receptors leads to both homologous desensitization of this receptor and an unusual unidirectional heterologous desensitization of somatostatin receptors. AtT-20 cells may be a good model to examine the functional role of D3 dopamine receptors in regulating neurotransmitter secretion.
Torque pulsations of multiphase inverter-fed ac motors

Torque pulsations of different types of PWMs with multiphase inverter-fed ac motors are investigated. For different phase numbers expressions for the torque ripples and computation of their components are derived for all the investigated PWM methods. It is shown that current harmonics can be decomposed — depending on the phase number — to several groups, and only current harmonics belonging to the first of these groups can produce fundamental MMF space harmonics and adequate torque pulsations. Therefore different PWM methods with multiphase systems produce considerably lower torque pulsations than with three-phase systems, especially in case of high modulation index value. Stator current harmonics belonging to groups other that the first are only able to produce MMF space harmonics of higher orders. The theoretical results were verified by simulations.
Transcription factor activator protein‐1 expressed by kainate treatment can bind to the non‐coding region of mitochondrial genome in murine hippocampus

We have demonstrated previously that the transcription factor activator protein‐1 (AP‐1) complex is translocated into mitochondria into the nucleus in murine hippocampus after systemic kainate injection (Ogita et al. [ 2002 ] J. Neurosci. 22:2561–2570). The present study investigates whether the mitochondrial AP‐1 complex translocated in response to kainate treatment binds to AP‐1‐like sites located at the non‐coding region of the mitochondrial genome in mouse hippocampus. There are 10 sites with sequences similar to the nuclear AP‐1 site in the non‐coding region. Of 10 pieces (MT‐1–MT‐10) of synthesized double‐stranded oligonucleotides, each containing a mitochondrial AP‐1‐like site, MT‐3, MT‐4, and MT‐9 were effective in inhibiting mitochondrial AP‐1 DNA binding enhanced by kainate. Electrophoresis mobility shift analysis using radiolabeled MT‐3 and MT‐9 probes demonstrated marked enhancement with binding of these 2 probes in hippocampal mitochondrial extracts prepared 2–6 hr after kainate treatment. Unlabeled AP‐1 probe was more potent than unlabeled MT‐9 probe in inhibiting the mitochondrial MT‐9 binding. Supershift analysis revealed participation of particular Fos/Jun family proteins, such as c‐Fos, Fos‐B, c‐Jun, Jun‐B, and Jun‐D, in MT‐9 binding in hippocampal mitochondrial extracts prepared 4 hr after kainate treatment. Immunoprecipitation analysis using anti‐c‐Fos antibody demonstrated that c‐Fos associated with the mitochondrial genome in hippocampal mitochondria prepared from kainate‐treated animals. These results suggest that the AP‐1 complex expressed by in vivo kainate treatment would bind to AP‐1‐like sites in the non‐coding region of the mitochondrial genome after translocation into mitochondria from murine hippocampus. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimación de la brecha salarial entre hombres y mujeres: un análisis por cuantiles para el Ecuador

The aim of this paper is to determine the existence of a gender wage gap and, if it existes, to estimate which are the principal demographic and socioeconomic variables that determine this gap. To do this, in this article it is estimated the wage equation to both gender using quantile methods. Besides, it is make the Oaxaca-Blinder descomposition to examine what percentage of the wage gap is explained by differences: in the characteristics and in the rewards to those characteristics. The results show the gender wage gap is due to the gender discrimination.
DNA-binding domain of bovine papillomavirus type 1 E1 helicase: structural and functional aspects

The E1 protein of bovine papillomavirus type 1 is a multifunctional enzyme required for papillomaviral DNA replication. It assists in the initiation of replication both as a site-specific DNA-binding protein and as a DNA helicase. Previous work has indicated that at limiting E1 concentrations, the E2 protein is required for efficient E1 binding to the replication origin. In this study, we have defined the domain of the E1 protein required for site-specific DNA binding. Experiments with a series of truncated proteins have shown that the first amino-terminal 299 amino acids contain the DNA-binding domain; however, the coterminal M protein, which is homologous to E1 for the first 129 amino acids, does not bind origin DNA. A series of small internal deletions and substitution mutations in the DNA-binding domain of E1 show that specific basic residues in this region of the protein, which are conserved in all E1 proteins of the papillomavirus family, likely play a direct role in binding DNA and that a flanking conserved hydrophobic subdomain is also important for DNA binding. A region of E1 that interacts with E2 for cooperative DNA binding is also retained in carboxy-terminal truncated proteins, and we show that the ability of full-length E1 to complex with E2 is sensitive to cold. The E1 substitution mutant proteins were expressed from mammalian expression vectors to ascertain whether site-specific DNA binding by E1 is required for transient DNA replication in the cell. These E1 proteins display a range of mutant phenotypes, consistent with the suggestion that site-specific binding by E1 is important. Interestingly, one E1 mutant which is defective for origin binding but can be rescued for such activity by E2 supports significant replication in the cell.
Evolution and Phylogeny of Gonad Morphology in Bony Fishes1

Abstract Gonad morphology at the gross anatomical or histological levels has long been studied by fisheries biologists to identify annual reproductive cycles and length of breeding season, among other goals. Comparative surveys across vertebrate taxa have not been detailed enough, however, to describe fully the differences and similarities among gonads of bony fishes and other vertebrates, and to use gonad morphology in phylogenetic systematic analyses. An emerging constant among vertebrates is the presence of a germinal epithelium composed of somatic and germ cells in both males and females. In females, the germinal epithelium lines the ovarian lamellae. In males, arrangement of the germinal epithelium into compartments varies among osteichthyans: basal taxa have an anastomosing tubular testis, whereas derived taxa have a lobular testis. The lobular testis is proposed as a synapomorphy of the Neoteleostei. The annual reproductive cycle is hypothesized to be the source of morphological variation among testis types. Elongation of germinal compartments during early maturation may result in a transition from anastomosing tubular to lobular testes. In all male atherinomorphs surveyed, spermatogonia are restricted to the distal termini of lobules rather than being distributed along the lobule; there is an epithelioid arrangement of Sertoli and germ cells rather than a germinal epithelium. Arrest of the maturation-regression phases is hypothesized to lead to formation of the atherinomorph testis. Atherinomorphs also have a distinctive egg with fluid, rather than granular, yolk. Variation among germinal epithelia is interpreted in a developing phylogenetic framework to understand evolution of gonad morphology and to propose gonad characters for phylogenetic analyses.
Electronic Trigger-Based Intervention to Reduce Delays in Diagnostic Evaluation for Cancer: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.

PURPOSE We tested whether prospective use of electronic health record-based trigger algorithms to identify patients at risk of diagnostic delays could prevent delays in diagnostic evaluation for cancer. METHODS We performed a cluster randomized controlled trial of primary care providers (PCPs) at two sites to test whether triggers that prospectively identify patients with potential delays in diagnostic evaluation for lung, colorectal, or prostate cancer can reduce time to follow-up diagnostic evaluation. Intervention steps included queries of the electronic health record repository for patients with abnormal findings and lack of associated follow-up actions, manual review of triggered records, and communication of this information to PCPs via secure e-mail and, if needed, phone calls to ensure message receipt. We compared times to diagnostic evaluation and proportions of patients followed up between intervention and control cohorts based on final review at 7 months. RESULTS We recruited 72 PCPs (36 in the intervention group and 36 in the control group) and applied the trigger to all patients under their care from April 20, 2011, to July 19, 2012. Of 10,673 patients with abnormal findings, the trigger flagged 1,256 patients (11.8%) as high risk for delayed diagnostic evaluation. Times to diagnostic evaluation were significantly lower in intervention patients compared with control patients flagged by the colorectal trigger (median, 104 v 200 days, respectively; n = 557; P < .001) and prostate trigger (40% received evaluation at 144 v 192 days, respectively; n = 157; P < .001) but not the lung trigger (median, 65 v 93 days, respectively; n = 19; P = .59). More intervention patients than control patients received diagnostic evaluation by final review (73.4% v 52.2%, respectively; relative risk, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.25 to 1.58). CONCLUSION Electronic trigger-based interventions seem to be effective in reducing time to diagnostic evaluation of colorectal and prostate cancer as well as improving the proportion of patients who receive follow-up. Similar interventions could improve timeliness of diagnosis of other serious conditions.
Interpretation of MIMO Channel Characteristics in Rectangular Tunnels From Modal Theory

We develop a modal approach for analyzing multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) wireless channel propagation in a tunnel with lossy walls. We use parametric methods to study the effects of the number of modes and of the separation among antennas. We evaluate the performance of the MIMO channel in terms of capacity as a function of range and tunnel size.
A 4D Ray Tracing

We are going to present a survey of techniques using temporal coherence in between frames to render animation sequences with ray tracing. A new method using temporal coherence in the ray space (lightpath of rays) is proposed. The goal of this technique is to factorize intersection and illumination calculations over the frames of the sequence. An optical event springing out many times in the sequence is computed once. The method is based upon 4D intersection calculations between temporal rays and moving objects. At the end of this paper, we present measurements showing the number of rays we need not calculate with our solution. These results come from simulating the algorithm behavior through a graphic and statistic ray analyser tool.
James C. Anthony on Zili Sloboda's “The State of Support for Research on the Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment of Drug Use and Drug Use Disorders in the USA”

In the essay titled “The state of support for research on the epidemiology, prevention, and treatment of drug use and drug use disorders in the United States,” Dr. Zili Sloboda provides a superb introduction to this topic, covers a good bit of the history of federal drug use(r) research in the United States, and offers the viewpoint that epidemiology, prevention, and services research may not have received the levels of support they deserve in the United States. Asked to write a commentary by Drs. Sloboda, the author, and Einstein, SUM Editor, I have organized a few thoughts in relation to (1) peer review as a source of variation, and (2) some miscellaneous historical notes about our field.
Vegetative Covers to Control Sediment and Phosphorus (P) in Runoff from Dairy Waste Application Fields

Excessive Phosphorus (P) in runoff contributes to eutrophication of fresh water bodies. Studies have shown that manure and effluent from animal feeding operations (AFOs) applied to waste application fields (WAFs) have contributed to excess P in segments of the North Bosque River in east central Texas. There is a growing need for environmentally sound, economically viable, and easy to establish best management practices (BMPs) to control such pollution. Vegetative buffer strips offer a potential solution for reducing runoff P from WAF by extracting it from soil and by reducing sediment P delivery to streams by decreasing runoff and soil erosion. In a field study, eight plots (5m × 5m), were assigned to four replicated treatments namely control (bare, plant cover) cool season grass, warm season forb, warm season grass, and warm season legume to assess their efficacy of runoff sediment control and P sequestration potential from soil. These plots were established on a coastal Bermuda grass WAF that received dairy lagoon effluent. A runoff collection system; a 1m × 1m sub-plot with a runoff conveyance and collection apparatus, was established on the upstream and downstream margins of each plot. Natural rainfall runoff samples were collected and analyzed for total P, soluble P, and total suspended solids (TSS). Additionally, the total mass of runoff collected from each sub-plot was estimated. Results show that the warm season forb (perennial sunflower), and warm season grass (switchgrass) were the most effective treatments for reduction of runoff P, followed by coastal Bermuda, and cool season grass.
Joint Exploration of Negative Academic Emotion and Topics in Student-Generated Online Course Comments

Currently, with the increasing advancement of interactive learning technologies in MOOCs, a large number of student-generated comments (SGCs) have been substantially produced with two primary emotions (positive and negative). The emotional orientations are typically related with specific learning topics or aspects discussed, which is of value to offer abundant academic feedbacks for teachers and developers. Especially, the negative emotion and topics can be exploited to get an in-depth insight of the problems and barriers encountered by learners in online learning. However, it is challenging to capture relevant details from unstructured SGCs. In this paper, we propose a generative probabilistic model that extends Sentence-LDA (SLDA), namely Emotion Topic Joint Probabilistic Model (ETJM), to explore negative opinions in terms of pairs of which we call emo-topic. The model first automatically extracts the sentences with the high negative emotion density (NED), and then incorporates emotion and topic together to explore negative emotional feedbacks towards topics. The experimental results show that learners extended some negative comments towards the issues about learning content, online assignments and certificates of courses. The summarization of these issues can be given back to teachers to regulate and improve the teaching methods, strategies and design of learning contents.
The optimized polarization for indoor MIMO based on cross polarization loss and near earth loss

As has been shown by our testing, the propagation loss (PL) of vertically-polarized (VP) transmitting and horizontally-polarized (HP) receiving is larger than that of VP transmitting and VP receiving, i.e. the cross polarization loss exists. At wireless covered indoor situation, the PL of HP waves is different with that of VP waves, and the difference is traditionally described as near-earth loss. Consider the cross-polarization loss and near earth loss, a 2×2 orthogonal dual-polarization MIMO system has a total receiving power irrelevant of the polarized angle settings, but the balance of the receiving power is dependent on the angle settings. When the receiving setting is +45°/-45° dual-polarization, the two antennas receive equal power, which reaches equilibrium.
Hybrid magnetics and power converter applications

A hybrid magnetic approach, consisting of merging two different magnetic core properites such as ferrite and iron powder cores together, is an effective solution for power converter applications. It can provide similar magnetic properties to that of magnetic powder cores but showing less copper loss than powder cores. Additionally, the relatively large inductance at low loading current is an excellent way to minimize total power loss, achieving high efficiency. In order to prevent ferrite core saturation, placing an effective air gap within the ferrite core is a key method to obtain optimum hybrid magnetic performance.