Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Photorezeption in Drosophila melanogaster: Die Synchronisation der Inneren Uhr durch Mondlicht und die Analyse von Rhodopsin 7 als neues Photopigment

Im ersten Projekt der Dissertation wurde der Effekte von schwachem Mondlicht (0,03Lux Intensitat) auf die Aktivitatsrhythmik und die Phasenlage der Inneren Uhr von Drosophila melanogaster untersucht. Die Fliegen verschoben ihre Hauptaktivitat in die Nacht und es konnte ein durch die nachtliche Illumination hervorgerufener Effekt auf das Verhalten der Oszillationen der Uhrproteine PER und TIM der circadianen Uhr festgestellt werden. Das zweite Projekt befasst sich mit der Suche eines bisher unbekannten Photorezeptors in der Taufliege. Die Eignung eines potentiellen Kandidaten, des bisher uncharakterisierten Proteins Rhodopsin 7 in der Taufliege als moglicher Photorezeptor wurde uberpruft. Es konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass es sich bei diesem Protein um einen funktionellen circadianen Photorezeptor in Drosophila melanogaster handelt.
Phenotypic plasticity in marine intertidal gastropods

Phenotypic plasticity, the differential phenotypic expression of the same genotype in response to different environmental conditions, is a paradigm central of the study of evolution and ecology and is at the core of the "nature versus nurture" debate. Here, the marine gastropod Littorina littorea was used as a model to further our understanding of the potential role of phenotypic plasticity in intertidal systems. In the first study L. littorea was included in an investigation of induced defences across six species of intertidal marine gastropods in the families Littorinidae and Trochidae. Species differed in the magnitude and type of plastic response, which appeared to relate to their susceplihility Lo crab predation. Chapters three and four revealed that L. littorea was able to alter its degree of morphological plasticity depending on temporal variation in predation threat. Snails exposed to predation threat halfway through trials appeared to "catch up" snails continuously exposed to predator cues in, terms oftheir shell size, whereas snails experiencing a removal of predation cues showed a significant reduction in growth rate following this switch in predation. environment. A further investigation suggested that Littorina littorea demonstrated no significant difference in the morphological traits under variable predator threat versus a constant predator' threat environment. Finally, the interaction between biotic (predator) and abiotic (temperature) environmental effects revealed that snails maintained at 16 and 20° C demonstrated significant induced defences by growing larger and thicker shells, but there was no significant difference in induced defences between these two temperatures. However, the expression of induced defences was much lower at 24° C with only negative significant response in two of shell traits
Scanning electron microscopy studies of antennal sensilla of Isoceras sibirica Alpheraky (Lepidoptera, Cossidae)

Summary The carpenterworm, Isoceras sibirica Alpheraky (Lepidoptera, Cossidae), is a destructive pest affecting Asparagus officinalis L. To provide background information for chemical ecology studies, we examined the external morphology of the antennal sensilla of this pest with scanning electron microscopy. Antennae of male and female I. sibirica are bipectinate in shape, and nine morphological sensilla types were recorded in both sexes. The uniporous sensilla chaetica are gustative sensilla. The multiporous sensilla trichodea, multiporous sensilla basiconica and multiporous sensillum coeloconica are presumably olfactive sensilla. The aporous sensilla styloconica are thermo-hygroreceptors while Böhm’s bristles monitor the position of the antennae.
Anti-gastric Ulcer And Antiinflammatory Properties Of Betulinic Acid In Male Albino Rats

INTRODUCTION Natural products have been used for combating human diseases since they exhibit a wide range of biological properties that can be exploited for medical application (Newman et al., 2003). Naturally occurring substances play an increasing role in drug discovery and development. Natural products of plant origin are a major part of traditional medical system in developing countries and also in herbal remedies in the western countries. Hundreds of published reports have described the occurrence of lupane-type triterpene betulinic acid across a multitude of taxonomically diverse genera. Betulinic acid (BA) has been found to possess the following properties: anti-retroviral (2 Mayaux et al., 1994), Evers et al., 1996), anti-tumor (Pisha et al., 1995; Schmidt et al., 2007), and anti-bacteria (Pisha et al., 1995, Setzer et al., 2000).
Regional Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Breast Cancer: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness, Cost-Effectiveness and Guidelines

Regional chemotherapy for metastatic cancer is not practiced widely within Canada. The treatment is available at certain institutions for treatment of colorectal cancer that has metastasized to the liver, but it is not available for metastatic breast cancer in Canada due to a lack of evidence from clinical trials. The objective of this report is to summarize the evidence regarding regional chemotherapy for adults with metastatic breast cancer to help address uncertainty about its effectiveness for this indication.
Secretion rate of milk constituents in B. taurus x B. indicus cattle at five milking intervals

Eight multiparous cows, calved within a 1.5 week interval, grazing star grass (Cynodon nlemfl ensis), were milked at 3, 6, 9, 15 and 24 h time intervals. Secretion rate was measured four times at two-weeks intervals. Milk protein content was not affected, but fat and lactose decreased (P<0.0001) from 9 h onwards. Secretion rate and udder effi ciency for all milk components started to reduce between 9 and 15 h onwards.
Endocrine tissues and hormones

Chapter 1. Molecular and Neural Mechanisms in Olfaction Chapter 2. Peripheral and Central Gustatory Processes Chapter 3. Bronchial Chemoreceptor Regulation of Cardiorespiratory Function Chapter 4. Nociception Chapter 5. Visual Sensitivity and Signal Processing Chapter 6. Molecular and Cellular Regulation of Pineal Organ Responses Chapter 7. Electro-Reception in Weakly Electric Fishes Chapter 8. The Magnetic Sense Chapter 9. The Auditory System and Vocal Communication Chapter 10. The Lateral-Line System Chapter 11. Neuromodulatory Functions of Terminal Nerve-GnRH Neurons
Geographical Range Size and the Conservation of Mexican Mammals

Range was estimated for the 423 noninsular mammals of Mexico to identify those species with more restricted distributions and to detect priority areas for conservation based on the presence of such species. Thirty‐eight percent of nonvolant mammals and 15.4% of bats are restricted in Mexico to areas of less than 114,000 km2. Restricted species were defined as those occurring in ranges smaller than the median for bats and for nonvolant species. Following this criterion, most nonvolant species with restricted distribution in Mexico are either endemic to the country or are shared with the United States, whereas endemic chiropteran species are few, and most Mexican bats with restricted distribution also occur in South America. Nonvolant mammals with restricted distribution in Mexico tend to be of small body size, herbivore or granivore, and fossorial or semifossorial. Among bats, gleaners are significantly more restricted than aerial insectivores. Species with restricted distribution are inadequately represented in the current official list of endangered species, particularly in the case of nonvolant mammals. Similarly, some areas of Mexico that harbor several species with restricted distribution are not represented in the Mexican system of protected areas. Therefore, rarity, in this case measured by the area of distribution, should be included as an additional criterion for conservation of the Mexican mammal fauna.
The relationship between the level of knowledge in the field of pro-health procedures and the quality of life in people after stroke

Introduction: Nowadays, international organisations such as WHO, UNICEF and UNFPA support a holistic approach towards an individual, aimed at solving life problems, which is missing from educational prevention programmes. At first, the level of knowledge in the individuals should be defined in order to adjust the information concerning an ailment to educational needs. The overall and neurological state of the individual affected by stroke very frequently does not allow to convey much knowledge. Knowledge on stroke results in decreased incidence, which explains the necessity to raise awareness of risk factors for stroke. The aim: The aim of the research was to establish a connection between the level of knowledge of the ailment in people affected by stroke and their quality of life. Material and methods: The research included 279 people after stroke. Their quality of life was assessed using a shortened version of the WHOQOL-Bref questionnaire. In order to assess the level of knowledge of health-supporting actions after stroke, an indicator of knowledge was created. Results: The strongest dependence in the somatic (DOM1), social (DOM3) and environmental fields (DOM4) was observed in the group of people between 13 and 24 months after falling ill. The strongest dependence in the psychological field (DOM2) was observed in the group of people between 6 and 12 months after the incident. Conclusion: The level of health-supporting knowledge in people affected by stroke is not satisfactory. A higher level of knowledge results in a higher quality of life.
Structure-Function Analysis of the Cell Polarity Determinants Bud8p and Bud9p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Polarity is a fundamental cellular property of living organisms and a prerequisite for orientation and survival in a multidimensional environment. In the eukaryotic model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the brewer s or baker s yeast, polarity is evident during the cell cycle when budding has to happen at a distinct site of the mother cell to give rise to a daughter cell. Budding is genetically determined in this process to follow precise patterns: haploid a- and α-cells bud in an axial fashion, by which mother as well as daughter cells bud predominantly at the proximal cell pole; diploid a/α cells of the yeast cell form bud in a bipolar manner with the budding process initiating equally at the proximal and distal cell pole. A variety of S. cerevisiae genes and their products are required for the establishment of such budding patterns. According to a current model, components of a polarity-mediating signal transduction cascade are directed by specific marker proteins to the budding pole to result in reorganisation of cytoskeletal components and to initiate bud formation. Previous studies had characterised the gene products Bud8p and Bud9p as spatial markers and polarity determinants, however without gaining further insights related to their function and role in polarity establishment in yeast. The results of this thesis describe, besides co-localisation studies, a detailed structure-function analysis based on mutant Bud8 and Bud9 proteins; as a result, regions in each primary structure could be identified that are necessary for function, i. e. mediating the correct budding pattern, for localisation, or for interaction with specific components of a signal transduction module called the polarisome . Distinct regions presumably mediate interaction with Bud5p, which is an element of a GTPase signalling module, and with Rax1p, a protein involved in expressing the bipolar budding pattern; other parts of both proteins appear to be important for their delivery to the cells surface and poles. Moreover, it was found that transport of Bud8p and Bud9p to the cell poles via the secretory pathway is likely to occur independently of secretion pathway component Sec18p. The achieved mass of data may explain the fact that the bipolar budding pattern is established after some cell division cycles. Furthermore, they allow an appropriate refinement of the model on polarity establishment in S. cerevisiae.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Nanostructured Oxide Layers on Threaded Surfaces of Medical Implants

Self organized nanostructured oxide layers were developed on threaded surfaces of medical implants made of Ti6Al4V alloy. The synthesis was done by electrochemical anodization in phosphate/fluoride based electrolyte. By anodization in an aqueous solution of 9.34 wt. % H3PO4 and 0.4 wt. % HF the threaded surfaces were covered by continuous, self ordered nanoporous oxide layers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the morphology of the nanostructured layers. The diameters of the nanopores depends on anodization potential, by using U = 24 V the openings had an average diameter of 40 nm, while using U = 30V the average nanopores diameter was of 63 nm. The current density was ~10 A/m2 in the steady state of potentiodynamic stage of anodization, and below 45 A/m2 in potentiostatic stage.
ABUNDANCE OF SMALL MAMMALS IN RELATION TO HABITAT

New Zealand Journal of Ecology (1996) 20(2): 215-240 ©New Zealand Ecological Society C.M. KING, J.G. INNES, M. FLUX, M.O. KIMBERLEY, J.R. LEATHWICK, and D.S. WILLIAMS 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Waikato University, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton. Address from 1 July 1996 to 30 June 1997: St Cross College, Oxford, UK. Email: cmking@waikato.ac. nz 2 Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Private Bag 3127, Hamilton 3 230 Belmont Hill Road, Lower Hutt 4 New Zealand Forest Research Institute Ltd, Private Bag 3020, Rotorua 5 Department of Conservation, P.O. Box 1146, Rotorua
The effect of economic situation on time and risk preferences: Does financial literacy matter?

Socioeconomic status is considered to have an effect on one`s economic decision-making, inducing more myopic preferences in poor people. The relationship, however, might not be that straightforward, as economic decision-making should be also determined by financial literacy. Employing a pre-registered cross-validation procedure, we tested a structural model outlining a causal mechanism of relationships between poverty, its perception, financial literacy, and economic decision-making in terms of time-discounting and risk preferences. Even after respecifying the model in the exploratory dataset, the confirmatory analyses showed mostly weak or inconclusive relationships, suggesting that time-discounting and risk preferences are rather stable traits, almost independent of one`s long-term economic situation, its perception, and financial literacy. The results suggest that financial literacy seems not to be on a causal pathway linking economic situation and economic preferences.
Smoking Cessation in COPD Patients by a Selective Partial Nicotinic Agonist

The fight against smoking through various smoking cessation methods could be very effective by early education especially in young people for preventing the occurrence or the severity of obstructive lung diseases. The aim of the study was to present the impact of varenicline, a selective partial nicotine agonist, in adults of 40-49 year-old, active smokers, recently diagnosed with COPD, from 2009 to 2011, in a Smoking Cessation Center of the Pulmonary Rehabilitation Clinic Iasi, Romania. There were included all male employees, without occupational exposure, active smokers, with a personal history of smoking �10 packs-year cigarettes, recently diagnosed with COPD, who inform consented to be enrolled for counseling and smoking cessation treatment provided by varenicline. All patients received COPD therapy, according to the current GOLD recommendations. The method of evalution the impact of smoking cessation methods consisted in the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) completed by cases before and after 12 weeks program of smoking cessation counseling and therapy and respiratory rehabilitation. The CAT is a short questionnaire, simple and validated tool of COPD symptoms assessment, measuring the severity of COPD on a patient�s quality of life. Results reveals an important decreasing of CAT score with important amelioration of symptoms especially in severe COPD patients. Counseling, smoking cessation and respiratory rehabilitation interventions have shown positive effects of smoking cessation with varenicline among young COPD patients 40-49 year-old.
Ecological studies in tropical fish communities: Frontmatter

Preface Acknowledgements Part I: Introduction: 1. Introduction Part II. Freshwater Studies: 2. The African fish fauna 3. Man-made lakes 4. Lacustrine fish communities in the Great lakes of eastern Africa 5. Speciation: the African Great lakes as laboratories of evolution 6. The Neotropical fish fauna 7. Far Eastern freshwater fish faunas and their distributions Part III. Marine Fish Studies: 8. Underwater observations: coral reef fishes 9. Demersal fish studies 10. Pelagic fishes Part IV. Syntheses: 11. Responses of fishes to conditions in tropical waters 12. Trophic interrelationships 13. Diversity: its maintenance and evolution 14. The exploitation and conservation of tropical fish stocks Appendix References Index.
Incidence trend of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is associated with high morbidity and complications, decreased quality of life, increasing mortality. The objective of the paper was to determine incidence trends of COPD in the population of the Nisava District from 2002 to 2014. The descriptive study was used. Data about new cases of COPD were extracted from the Population Registry of COPD for the population of the Nisava District. Data about population originated from Censuses 2002 and 2011. Crude incidence, age, and gender specific rates were calculated per 100 000 inhabitants. Trend lines were estimated using linear regression. The total number of registered new cases were 7527 (4575 in males and 2952 in females). The average annual new cases was 627 and the annual average crude incidence rate was 164.3/100 000 inhabitants. The lowest annual incidence rate was in 2014 (36.7/100 000) and the highest one was in 2006 (232.6/100 000). Males represent 61 % and females 39 %. Females were significantly older than males (78.5 ± 2.0 vs 81.4 ± 1.8, p < 0.001). Patients older than 50 years of age represent 86% of all registered patients. Incidence rate increased with age. Incidence trend rapidly decreased in 2014 both in males and females; in males: y = 3.874x + 160.3, R2 = 0.038, in females: y = 0.631x+112.5, R2 = 0.002. There were 1.6 more new cases of COPD in males than in females but females were older compared with males. COPD wasn't common before the age of 40 and incidence increased with age. Under reporting and under registration of new cases of COPD was observed.
Limits to knowledge in evolutionary genetics

Foreword. Section I: Limits to Knowledge: an Introduction. 1. Limits to Our Knowledge of Evolution M. Ruse. 2. Limits to Knowledge in Population Genetics M.T. Clegg. Section II: The Philosophy of Biology, Paradigms and Paradigm Shifts. 3. Laws, History and the Nature of Biological Understanding A. Rosenberg. 4. Avoiding Paradigm-Based Limits to Knowledge of Evolution W.B. Watt. 5. Anticipating Scientific Revolutions in Evolutionary Genetics J. Hey. Section III: Limits to Historical Inference and Prediction. 6. Inferring Ancestral Character States G.A. Churchill. 7. The Problem of Inferring Selection and Evolutionary History from Molecular Data C.F. Aquadro. 8. Evolutionary Genetics of Primate Color Vision: Recent Progress and Potential Limits to Knowledge Wen-Hsiung Li, et al. 9. The Limits to Knowledge in Conservation Genetics: The Value of Effective Population Size L. Nunney. 10. What is the Structure of Human Populations? B.S. Weir.Section IV: Quantitative Genetics and the Prediction of Phenotype from Genotype. 11. Limits to Prediction of Phenotypes from Knowledge of Genotypes A.G. Clark. 12. The Limits to Knowledge in Quantitative Genetics M. Lynch. 13. Genetics of Species Differentiation: What is Unknown and What Will Be Unknowable? Chung-I Wu. Conclusions. Index.
Predicción de la generación de residuos sólidos urbanos en la Ciudad de México

Mexico City’s (CDMX) urban solid waste (USW) management is driven through local and federal laws, which make countyes responsible for their own USW management. CDMX’s public policies aim to prevent and reduce the USW generation by means of designing prevention plans and sustainable programs. In this context, local government decision makers can take advantage of support tools to facilitate the implementation of strategic approaches on this regard. In this paper, our
Planetary Nebulae, Morphology and Binarity, and the relevance to AGB Stars

Abstract The dramatic transformation of the spherical outflows of AGB stars into the extreme aspherical geometries seen during the planetary nebula (PN) phase is widely believed to be linked to binarity and is likely driven by the associated production of fast jets and central disks/torii. We first briefly summarize results from the imaging surveys of large samples of young PNe and pre-PNe with HST which show that almost all objects have bipolar, multipolar and elliptical morphologies, with widespread presence of point-symmetric structure. We describe a relatively new technique of using UV photometic observations of large AGB star samples to search for binarity and associated accretion activity, and follow-up studies using UV spectroscopy and X-ray observations. We present results from studies of individual objects in transition to the PN phase, highlighting observational techniques being used to determine jet properties that can constrain the accretion modes that power these jets.
Tricholoma borgsjoeënse, a new species from a boreal coniferous forest in Fennoscandia

Tricholoma borgsjoeense, a species new to science, is described and illustrated. Its systematic position was investigated by use of ITS and LSU nuclear rDNA sequence data. The phylogenetic analysis indicates that the new species belongs in section Terrea and is closely related to the American species Tricholoma atroviolaceum
Polycephalomyces yunnanensis (Hypocreales), a new species of Polycephalomyces parasitizing Ophiocordyceps nutans and stink bugs (hemipteran adults)

Polycephalomyces yunnanensis is described as a new species that parasitizes Ophiocordyceps nutans and stink bugs (hemipteran adults). It is characterized by the production of a viscous mass at the apex of its synnema, and it has two types of conidia (α- and β-conidia) and phialides (α- and β-phialides). A morphological and ecological investigation revealed that P. yunnanensis is distinct from any known species in the genus. Phylogenetic analyses based on the ITS and 5-locus (nr SSU , nr LSU , tef-1α , rpb1 and rpb2 ) data supported the treatment of this fungus as a distinct species.