Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Iterative Methods for Nonsymmetric Systems on MIMD Machines

A wide variety of physical phenomena arising within many scientific disciplines can be described by systems of coupled partial differential equations (PDEs). The numerical approximation of these PDEs often involves the solution of a system of algebraic equations (possibly nonlinear) which are typically large, sparse and nonsymmetric. The increasing computational demands required by the solution of such complex scientific applications has motivated the current direction toward large-scale parallel computers. We, therefore, consider solution techniques of representative systems of equations on large scale MIMD machines. Our primary emphasis in this study is the evaluation of iterative methods for the solution of nonsymmetric systems. In particular, we discuss two Krylov subspace methods, the conjugate gradient squared algorithm (CGS) and the generalized minimum residual method (GMRES), along with the multigrid algorithm (MG) on massively parallel MIMD architectures. The focus of this evaluation considers the performance of various algorithm and implementation variations over a broad selection of problems using a parallel machine.
The Search of Cell Positioning in Electrorotation Measurements

Electrorotation (ROT) is a wide-used technique to measure the dielectric properties of cells. But the posi- tion of the cell in the measurement brings the error for the non-uniform of the ROT torque. In this paper, The Schwarz-Christoffel mapping (SCM) method was used for obtaining the accurate analytical solution of the ROT torque and the dielectrophoretic (DEP) force distribution in the circular electrode structure. A roughly uniform electric field in the near central region of the circular electrode structure for ROT measurement was defined, which the radius is about 36% of the circular electrode structure's radius. The more, we found that before the ROT measurement, an additional conventional negative dielectrophoretic (nDEP) step can assist the cells well positioning. The analysis of the distribution of the DEP force at nDEP step was described in the paper also using SCM method. measurement, such as robustness and accuracy. So an accurately analysis is needed to correct the error caused by the difference of the cell position. The accurate analytical electric field solutions are generally difficult to obtain, due to the complicated structures of the microelectrodes. In this paper, the electric field generated by the ROT circular electrode structure was calculated by using the Schwarz-Christoffel mapping (SCM) method (11) and an analytical solution for the electric field in the proposed ROT measurements was achieved. The SCM method has been used to solve problems in electrostatics and magnetostatics (12, 13), transmission line and waveguides (12-14), temperature distribution and heat-transfer (15, 16) and fluid flow (17). Latterly, conformal mapping has been used to analyze electromagnetic field problem in micro electro- mechanical system (MEMS) devices (18). The more, Tao Sun et al. used this method to get the accurate analytical solution of DEP force and twDEP force for four-phase periodic potential in the twDEP electrode array (19). Because the SCM method requires no approximations, the results can be expressed exactly and be used straight forward. In this paper, we use the SCM method to solve the electric field and electrorotational torque in the circular electrode structure accurately. In the result, we find that the nearer to the center of the electrodes, the smaller of the variation of the electric field and the magnitude of ROT torque, where called as "roughly uniform electric field". This conclusion is quite consistent with our experimental results in previous works (20). In this paper, we discussed the size of the roughly uniform electric field and the relation between its size and the electrode's size. In previous works(21), we found that using nDEP force assisted positioning cells before ROT measurements to avoid the influence of the non-uniformity of electric field is a more efficient method. Using the SCM method, the accurately analysis of the nDEP force was also described below.
Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans ( HSPGs ) Modulate BMP 2 Osteogenic Bioactivity in C 2 C 12 Cells *

Cell surfaceheparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs)havebeen implicated in bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-mediated morphogenesis by regulating BMP activity and gradient formation. However, the direct role of HSPGs in BMP signaling is poorly understood. Here we show that HSPGs directly regulate BMP2-mediated transdifferentiation of C2C12 myoblasts into osteoblasts. HSPGs sequester BMP2 at the cell surface and mediate BMP2 internalization. Depletion of cell surface HSPGs by heparinase III treatment or decreased glycosaminoglycan chain sulfation with sodium chlorate enhances BMP2 morphogenetic bioactivity. The addition of exogenous heparin, a widely used anticoagulant, reduced BMP2 signaling. Our results suggest that cell surface HSPGs mediate BMP2 internalization and modulate BMP2 osteogenic activity.
Association of IQ Changes and Progressive Brain Changes in Patients With Schizophrenia.

IMPORTANCE Although schizophrenia is characterized by impairments in intelligence and the loss of brain volume, the relationship between changes in IQ and brain measures is not clear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between IQ and brain measures in patients with schizophrenia across time. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Case-control longitudinal study at the Department of Psychiatry at the University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands, comparing patients with schizophrenia and healthy control participants between September 22, 2004, and April 17, 2008. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and IQ scores were obtained at baseline and the 3-year follow-up. Participants included 84 patients with schizophrenia (mean illness duration, 4.35 years) and 116 age-matched healthy control participants. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Associations between changes in IQ and the total brain, cerebral gray matter, cerebral white matter, lateral ventricular, third ventricles, cortical, and subcortical volumes; cortical thickness; and cortical surface area. RESULTS Cerebral gray matter volume (P = .006) and cortical volume (P = .03) and thickness (P = .02) decreased more in patients with schizophrenia across time compared with control participants. Patients showed additional loss in cortical volume and thickness of the right supramarginal, posterior superior temporal, left supramarginal, left postcentral, and occipital regions (P values were between <.001 and .03 after clusterwise correction). Although IQ increased similarly in patients with schizophrenia and control participants, changes in IQ were negatively correlated with changes in lateral ventricular volume (P = .05) and positively correlated with changes in cortical volume (P = .007) and thickness (P = .004) only in patients with schizophrenia. Positive correlations between changes in IQ and cortical volume and thickness were found globally and in widespread regions across frontal, temporal, and parietal cortices (P values were between <.001 and .03 after clusterwise correction). These findings were independent of symptom severity at follow-up, cannabis use, and the use of cumulative antipsychotic medications during the 3 years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Progressive brain tissue loss in schizophrenia is related to relative cognitive decline during the early course of illness.
Visual Cryptography Scheme with Authentication Using Shamir Andmk Reddy Techniques

In our daily life Information is increasingly important. Information gets more value when shared with others. Due to advances in technologies related to networking and communication, it is possible to share the information like audio, video and image easily. There are lots of security related issues. Hacker's may try to access unauthorized data and misuse it. Various techinques are required to solve this problem. Techniques to provide security, while sharing information are termed as Secret sharing schemes. When it comes to visual information like image and video, it is termed as Visual secret sharing scheme. Visual cryptography (VC) is a technique used for protecting image-based secrets.This paper presents a detail survey of different visual cryptography scheme used for visual cryptography . The basic concept of visual cryptography scheme is, to split secret image into some shares, which separately reveals no knowledge about the secret information. Shares are then distributed to participants. By stacking these shares directly, secret information can be revealed and visually recognized. All shares are necessary to combine to reveal the secret image. In this paper we have introduced a technique for visual cryptography in which any type of image can be chosen as a passward, images then divided and then apply Shamir and M K Reddy encryption and decryption techniques . After decryption system get match with original image then system give result as the user is authenticate otherwise non authenticate. The system introduced in this paper satisfy the needs of authentication.
Novel Isolated Multilevel DC–DC Power Converter

An isolated multilevel dc-dc power converter is proposed in this paper. The proposed isolated multilevel dc-dc power converter consists of an isolated power converter, a series/parallel switching circuit, and an output L-C filter. The isolated power converter is composed of a half-bridge inverter, a three-winding transformer, and two full-bridge rectifiers. The half-bridge inverter is switched in constant duty to generate two output dc voltages through two secondary windings of the three-winding transformer and two full-bridge rectifiers, respectively. The series/parallel switching circuit is used to control the two output dc voltages of the isolated power converter connected in series or in parallel, to control the output voltage of isolated multilevel dc-dc power converter. To verify the performance of the proposed isolated multilevel dc-dc power converter, a prototype is developed and tested. The experimental results show that the proposed isolated multilevel dc-dc power converter has the expected performance.
Efficiently Mining Closed Frequent Patterns with Weight Constraint from Directed Graph Traversals Using Weighted FP-Tree Approach

In this paper, a transformable model of EWDG (edge-weighted directed graph) and VWDG (vertex-weighted directed graph) is proposed to resolve the problem of weighted traversal patterns mining. Based on the model, an effective algorithm called GTCWFP miner (graph traversals-based closed weighted frequent patterns miner) is presented. The algorithm exploits a divide-and-conquer paradigm with a pattern growth method to mine closed frequent patterns with weight constraint from the traversals on directed graph. It incorporates the closure property with weight constrains to reduce effectively search space and extracts succinct and lossless patterns from graph traversal TDB. Experimental results of synthetic data show that the algorithm is an efficient and scalable algorithm for mining closed weighted frequent patterns based on graph traversals.
Complementary integrative approach for treating pruritus

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is a conservative and increasingly popular approach to treat pruritus for both patients and medical providers. CAM includes natural products, mind–body medicine, and manipulative and body‐based practices. In this overview, we summarize current evidence, possible mechanisms and clinical approaches for treating pruritus with CAM techniques. We focus on pruritus associated with atopic dermatitis, herpes zoster, chronic urticaria, burns, and postoperative contexts where the evidence for CAM approaches is promising.
PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA ISOLATED FROM THE MARINE ENVIRONMENTS IN THE ISTANBUL COASTAL AREA (TURKEY)

In this study, we used a chromogenic method to show the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in seawater. The culture dependent identification of P. aeruginosa typically takes approximately 2-3 days with conventional methods. More reliable, rapid and cost effective results can also be achieved with PCR based methodologies but only in microbiology laboratories equipped with suitable infrastructure. In this study, the use of CHROMagar, with its chromogenic characteristics, enabled us to detect Pseudomonas species in the seawater; independent of conventional culture techniques. The aim of this study was to establish a phenotypic framework to enable the identification of, and more importantly, the tracking of P. aeruginosa in seawater samples. By combining both the CHROMagar and PCR methods, a practical, costeffective and reliable method was developed which allowed for the identification and quantification of P.aeruginosa within a reduced timeframe of just two days.
Apoptosis and the response to anticancer therapy

Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death that reflects cleavage of a subset of intracellular polypeptides by proteases known as caspases. Two major intracellular caspase cascades, one activated predominately by death receptor ligands and the other triggered by various cellular stresses, including DNA damage and microtubule disruption, have been delineated. Activation of these protease cascades is tightly regulated by a number of polypeptides, including Bcl-2 family members, inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, and several protein kinases. The demonstration that many antineoplastic agents induce apoptosis in susceptible cells raises the possibility that factors affecting caspase activation and activity might be important determinants of anticancer drug sensitivity. Here, we review recent studies describing the regulation of apoptotic pathways and identify potential implications of these findings for resistance to antineoplastic agents.
Ultrasound compared with clinical examination in infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the accuracy of clinical examination as compared with ultrasound imaging in the diagnosis of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Duration of hospital stay, time between admission and surgery, and financial implications were also considered. DESIGN: A prospective study of patients referred to the surgical team with a possible diagnosis of pyloric stenosis from May 1993 to January 1995. SETTING: Neonatal and paediatric surgical wards and imaging department of a paediatric teaching hospital. SUBJECTS: 116 patients referred to the surgical team with a possible diagnosis of pyloric stenosis. RESULTS: 75 patients in this study had pyloric stenosis (64.6%). Clinical examination had a sensitivity of 72%, specificity of 97%, with a positive and negative predictive value of 98% and 61% respectively. There were 16 diagnostic errors (one false positive and 15 false negative). Ultrasound imaging had a sensitivity of 97%, specificity of 100%, with a positive and negative predictive value of 100% and 98% respectively. There was one diagnostic error (one false negative). Eight patients required repeat scans for confirmation of the diagnosis. On review of the initial scans in these patients, seven were noted to have inaccurate measurements due to poor technique. The average time between repeated scans was 28.2 hours. Ultrasound imaging cost 13.90 pounds per scan and initiated a change in management only in the clinically false negative group at a cost of 52 pounds per patient. The average duration of hospital stay was 3.1 days and the mean time between admission and surgery was 19.2 hours. The total cost for treatment of a patient with pyloric stenosis was 1602 pounds. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound imaging should be reserved for those cases where clinical examination is negative and should be carried out by sonographers who see enough cases to maintain their expertise.
Data driven search organization for continuous speech recognition

The authors describe an architecture and search organization for continuous speech recognition. The recognition module is part of the Siemens-Philips-Ipo project on continuous speech recognition and understanding (SPICOS) system for the understanding of database queries spoken in natural language. The goal of this project is a man-machine dialogue system that is able to understand fluently spoken German sentences and thus to provide voice access to a database. The recognition strategy is based on Bayes decision rule and attempts to find the best interpretation of the input speech data in terms of knowledge sources such as a language model, pronunciation lexicon, and inventory of subword units. The implementation of the search has been tested on a continuous speech database comprising up to 4000 words for each of several speakers. The efficiency and robustness of the search organization have been checked and evaluated along many dimensions, such as different speakers, phoneme models, and language models. >
The effect of external knowledge on service quality by knowledge chain

As it continues to develop, both socially and economically, Taiwan's industrial structure is evolving from “Made in Taiwan” into “Served by Taiwan. ” Furthermore, the rapid growth of communication technology has made entrepreneurs confronted and immersed by much more tremendous amount of information than before. Thus, it can be perceived that assisting enterprises to acquire significant external knowledge to improve service quality has become a very crucial issue. Hence, this study examines how an enterprise can apply external knowledge to improve its service quality by using a knowledge chain. Concurrently, questionnaire design was applied to discover the impact of external knowledge on service quality.
G 00 TE 1204 : Convex Optimization and Its Applications in Signal Processing Handout A : Linear Algebra Cheat Sheet

where aij ∈ R for i = 1, . , m and j = 1, . , n. A row vector is a matrix with m = 1, and a column vector is a matrix with n = 1. The word vector will always mean a column vector unless otherwise stated. The set of all n–dimensional real vectors is denoted by Rn, and an element x ∈ Rn can be written as x = (x1, . . . , xn). Note that we still view x = (x1, . . . , xn) as a column vector, even though typographically it does not appear so. The reason for such a notation is simply to save space. Now, given an m× n matrix A of the form (1), its transpose AT is defined as the following n×m matrix:
The prevalence and morbidity of chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome: a prospective primary care study.

OBJECTIVES This study examined the prevalence and public health impact of chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome in primary care patients in England. METHODS There were 2376 subjects, aged 18 through 45 years. Of 214 subjects who fulfilled criteria for chronic fatigue, 185 (86%) were interviewed in the case-control study. Measures included chronic fatigue, psychological morbidity, depression, anxiety, somatic symptoms, symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome, functional impairment, and psychiatric disorder. RESULTS The point prevalence of chronic fatigue was 11.3%, falling to 4.1% if comorbid psychological disorders were excluded. The point prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome was 2.6%, falling to 0.5% if comorbid psychological disorders were excluded. Rates did not vary by social class. After adjustment for psychological disorder, being female was modestly associated with chronic fatigue. Functional impairment was profound and was associated with psychological disorder. CONCLUSIONS Both chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome are common in primary care patients and represent a considerable public health burden. Selection bias may account for previous suggestions of a link with higher socioeconomic status.
Strain‐specific responses of inbred mice to ethanol following food shortage

Specific inbred mouse strains such as C57BL/6J and DBA/2J show differences in consumption of and reaction on drugs of abuse. For example, C57BL/6J mice voluntarily consume greater amounts of ethanol than DBA/2J mice. Recently, it could be shown that a short environmental experience‐‐12 days of food shortage followed by a recovery period‐‐has a strong impact on strain‐specific reactions to amphetamine. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether food shortage experience has an effect on ethanol responses. The effect of a period of 12 days food restriction which resulted in a weight loss of 20% body weight and which was followed by a complete recovery period was studied on ethanol self‐administration and ethanol‐induced locomotor activity in C57BL/6Ico and DBA/2Ico inbred mouse strains. The experience of food shortage led to a higher ethanol intake and preference in C57BL/6Ico mice compared to control animals without food shortage experience. In contrast DBA/2Ico showed no difference in ethanol intake or preference following this experience. The effect of ethanol onto locomotor activity of both mice strains was affected only in the case of DBA/2Ico mice, where food shortage experience resulted in a significantly higher ethanol‐induced locomotor activity. The present data show that in inbred mouse strains environmental experiences can have a strong impact onto the effects of ethanol. In conclusion, in the field of preclinical alcohol research gene × environment interactions in specific inbred mouse strains can contribute strongly to the outcome of studies and more specifically food shortage can profoundly affect the outcome of alcohol studies in mice.
Emerging Contaminants and Their Potential Effects on Amphibiansand Reptiles

15.1 Emerging Compound Classes and Relevance to Herpetofauna . 494 15.1. 1 Brominated Flame Retardants . 494 15.1. 2 Perfluorinated Chemicals.496 15.1. 3 Anionic Surfactants.497 15.1. 4 Antibacterial Products . 498 15.1. 5 UV Filters. 15.1. 6 Fungicides. 15.1. 6.1 Strobilurins.499 15.1. 6.2 Triazoles and Imidazole.500 15.1. 6.3 Other Fungicides. 501 15.2 Conclusions. References. ^
Compliance dose-response relationships in streptococcal pharyngitis.

Two clinical trials of five forms of two antibiotics in the treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis were undertaken in an attempt to relate bacteriologic outcomes to amounts of drug actually consumed. All antibiotics were prescribed in suspension form and daily intakes were calculated and averaged for both the first and second five days of treatment. A simple method for quantifying drug intake, which involves weighing medicine bottles before, during, and after therapy, was used. The wide range of ingested doses observed in 312 private patients explain most of the different results from similar prescribed doses in our practices.