Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
THE PROTECTIVE ROLES OF MICROGYNON AND NORDIOL IN CONTROLLING THE LEVELS OF LIPID PEROXIDATION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON FEMALE RATS

Aims : This study aims to evaluate the effects of oral contraception (Microgynon and Nordiol) on the level of lipid peroxidation as a part of oxidative stress progression in female rats. Oral contraception were used. Materials & Methods: Thirty rats (females) were included in this study. They were divided into 5 groups (six in each group): a control group was maintained on normal standard chow diet, while the other 4 groups received high cholesterol diet for 14 weeks. After 14 weeks, blood samples were taken randomly from 6 rats. The remaining 18 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (6 rats in each), the first group continued on high cholesterol diet and distilled water for 6 weeks and served as self-control group. The remaining 2 groupscontinued on high cholesterol diet and were given one of the oral contraceptives mentioned above for 6 weeks. Results: Our data showed that Microgynon treatment resulted in a significant reduction in serum GSH with no significant changes in MDA, CAT and GST activities. However, Nordiol treatment has no significant effects on serum level of GSH, MDA, CAT. Conclusion: The controversial findings proves the effects of the two types of the oral contraception on lipid peroxidation via different metabolic pathways.
CYP2C9‐CYP3A4 protein‐protein interactions in a reconstituted expressed enzyme system

Protein‐protein interactions between cytochrome P450 isoforms can alter catalytic activity and may confound in‐vitro in‐vivo correlations. The interaction between CYP2C9 and CYP3A4, two highly abundant P450s in human liver and responsible for 70% of the P450 oxidation reactions carried out, were studied for their ability to affect catalysis. Reconstituted, expressed human CYP2C9, CYP3A4 and P450 reductase (CPR) were co‐incubated with lipids, substrate and NADPH, and rate of metabolite formation measured. CYP3A4 inhibited the CYP2C9‐mediated S‐flurbiprofen (4’‐hydroxylation) and S‐naproxen (O‐demethylation) metabolism up to 70%, depending on enzyme ratios and amount of CPR present; these effects were only partially reversed by additional CPR. High concentrations (50 μM) of dapsone (a CYP2C9 activator) decreased CYP3A4 inhibition by 20%, whereas lower concentrations of dapsone had no effect. When evaluated in the converse, the presence of CYP3A4 appeared to enhance dapsone activation due to a lower baseline CYP2C9 activity. It is hypothesized that an active site conformational change occurs when CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 interact. In conclusion, it appears that the presence of the abundant P450 enzyme CYP3A4 may alter CYP2C9 activity and thus, potentially confound in vitro – in vivo predictions of drug metabolism and disposition. Support: NIH GM063215.
Medial mandibular ramus : ontogenetic, idiosyncratic, and geographic variation in recent Homo, great apes, and fossil hominids

This specialised and technical contribution to the debate surrounding the anatomical evolution of modern man and variations between Neanderthals and modern humans is based on the analysis of one specific jaw bone, the medial mandibular ramus, and its soft tissue attachments. Sections examine the range of samples available, the results of analysis and comparison, the morphological differences and evolutionary changes observed, the role of tendons and ligaments, and muscle function. Illustrated throughout with examples.
Optimal Strategies for Penalty Kicks

Using videos of the 43 penalty kicks during the World Cup of 1986 in Mexico, and using a triplication technique, a 3 x 3 probability matrix, the payoff matrix of a rectangular game, was calculated. This is a constrained satisfaction problem whose solution is exhibited. On an experimental level, with the help of a goalie from the team "Pumas" and kickers from the teams "Toluca" and "Pumas", a total of 1033 penalties were executed and examined in a period of 2 years. A 12 x 5 matrix of probabilities was constructed from which optimal (mixed) strategies and the value of the game were calculated. Finally, a corresponding study was made for the 68 penalties of the FIFA World Cup Russia 2018.
Genetics of resistance to Ascochyta blight in chickpea

Field experiments were conducted at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India, during 1995-96, to study the genetics of resistance to blight, caused by Ascochyta rabiei, in chickpea. The segregation in F2 populations in 6 resistant X susceptible crosses indicated that blight resistance of chickpea is controlled by 2 dominant complementary genes. The segregation pattern between resistantXresistant crosses revealed that the genes for blight resistance in the line JM 595 and P 1528-1 were different from the genes operating in FLIP 91-24C and FLIP 84-92C. The resistant lines were designated as R1R1R2R2 for JM 595 and P 1528-1 and R3R3R4R4 for FLIP 91-24C and FLIP 84-92C. Six generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BCP1 and BCP2) of 6 resistantX susceptible crosses were used to determine the nature of gene action through generation mean analysis. The resistance for blight in the present material was governed by both additive as well as non-additive gene action.
Separation technologies in dairy and egg processing.

Abstract: A description is given of the separation processes applied in the dairy and egg-processing sectors. The main focus is on the use of membrane and chromatography processes for protein separation, in accordance with the developed applications in these two food sectors, but an overview of all the separation processes implemented throughout the processing chains (from product reception to wastewater treatment) is also given. Characteristics of the food products are presented and the performance of the main separation techniques used on an industrial scale, in particular with respect to the operating modes and properties of the obtained fractions, is discussed. Finally, some of the options that food companies need to consider over the next decade, such as manufacture of isolated peptides and proteins fractions with specific functions and reduction of environmental impacts, are explored.
Meat quality in fast-growing broiler chickens

During the past few decades there has been a notable increase in the demand for poultry meat due to its low cost, good nutritional profile and suitability for further processing. Moreover, current forecasts and projection studies have predicted that the expansion of the poultry market will continue in the future. This growing demand has led to progressive improvements in genetic selection to produce fast-growing broilers, inducing the appearance of several spontaneous, idiopathic muscle abnormalities along with an increased susceptibility to stress-induced myopathy. Such muscle abnormalities have several implications for the quality of fresh and processed products, as breast meat that is affected by deep pectoral myopathy is usually rejected due to its unacceptable appearance. In addition, pale, soft and exudative like meat has a low processing ability due to its reduced water holding capacity, soft texture and pale colour. Finally, the high incidence of abnormalities observed in chicken breast muscles such as white striping (characterised by superficial white striations) and wooden breast (characterised by pale and bulging areas of substantial hardness) impair both the appearance and technological traits of breast meat. This review evaluates the consequences of genetic selection on muscle traits and describes the relevance of major breast abnormalities on nutritional, technological, sensorial and microbial characteristics of raw and processed meat.
Our misunderstood mahogany and its problems.

The mahogany tree (Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. ), of the family Meliaceae, is native to southern Florida (includ ing the Keys, where it is also called ''madeira"), Cuba, the Bahamas, Hispaniola and Jamaica. It is being increasingly used in landscaping in southern Florida without sufficient awareness of its requirements and weaknesses; has even been mistakenly planted on open beaches. It develops a tall, straight trunk and hard, dark wood in hammocks on outcroppings of limetone on the Upper Keys. If close to the shore, it is protected by a fringe of mangroves. On the more humid mainland and poorly drained soil, the wood is pale and not as hard; limb breakage is common. During rainstorms, the tree becomes top-heavy and may topple over. The shootborer, Hypsipyla grandella Zeller, attacks the terminus of seedlings in nurseries, causing weak, low, forked and excessively crowded branching, conditions which invite fungal diseases. Large growths caused by Sphaeropsis sp. have been observed at the base of thick branches that have split off from the trunk which is usually coated with sooty mold growing on the gummy exudate caused by larvae of the weevil Copturus floridanus (Leehriops floridanus) feeding under the bark. The adult weevils feed on the leaves. The mahogany webworm, Macalla thrysisalis Walker, shrouds and defoliates mahoganies in spring and the Cuban May beetle, Phyllophaga bruneri, scallops and destroys the leaves. The leaf miner, Phyllocnistis sp. , disfigures the foliage. Various or ganisms induce leaf spot, witches' broom, canker, gall and root-rot (Alternaria sp., Calonectria hederae Arn., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz., Cylindrocarpon sp., Cytospora sp., Diplodia sp., Fusicladium sp., Gloeosporium sp., Helminthosporium sp., Hypoxyton rubiginosum Pers. ex Fr., Mycosphaerella sp., Nectria swieteniae-mahagonii Chen, Oidium sp., Pestalotia swieteniae Frag. & Cif., Phyllachora swieteniae Petr. & Cif., Phyllosticta sp., Pseudocercospora subsessilis H. & P., Pythium splendens Braun, and Rhizoctonia sp.) If culled in the nursery, set out in limestone, 50 ft apart, and regularly sprayed, mahogany trees, with their rounded canopies, give elegance to streets. But defective, neglected mahoganies in unfavorable sites, become ugly and
Plant regeneration from intergeneric asymmetric hybridization between wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski) and wheat grass (Agropyron elongatum (Host) Nevski)

Particular attention has been paid to the donor-recipient method in the work of plant somatic hybridization. γ-or X-ray was generally used to irradiate one of the parents(donor) in order to obtain hybrids or asymmetric nuclear hybrids. But no application of ultraviolet rays (UV) has been reported yet. In the field of somatic hybridization of cereals, many
The Effects of Warming on Aquatic Insects - Individual to Community Responses

Climate change is increasing temperatures globally as well as the frequency and severity of extreme events such as heat waves. Given that the majority of animals on Earth are ectothermic, and therefore physiologically linked to environmental temperatures, it is imperative to predict the impacts of future warming on species. The physiological effects of warming on ectotherms have been studied extensively, yet, species interactions can also be affected by temperature. My thesis assessed how differences in species’ responses to warming affect their interactions and ultimately the structure and dynamics of communities. I first asked if phenological and early developmental responses to warming differed among and within dragonfly species. Warming accelerated growth and developmental rates, however, differences were greater within as opposed to between species in these responses. I also examined whether differences in behavioural responses to warming among species could determine which species became the superior IG predator. Foraging and IGP rates increased with warming but activity level changes were not predictive of the outcome of these interactions. Next, I asked how the interactive effects of warming and predator presence affected prey foraging decisions. Warmer conditions appeared to have a greater impact on prey behaviour that the predator presence, even though the prey’s risk of being eaten increased with temperature. Lastly, I manipulated developmental conditions in pond mesocosms to understand how warming and heat waves affect community structure.
Impact of ecophysiological factors on biocontrol of aflatoxin contamination of maize by atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus strains

i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. v DEDICATION . vii TABLE OF CONTENTS . ix LIST OF FIGURES . xv LIST OF TABLES . xxi CHAPTER 1: General Introduction and Literature Review . 1 1.
Foreign Direct Investments Impact on Economic Growth in Developing Countries

In today's world, globalization and the integration of economic ties are taking place intensively, and capital mobility is increasing. However, international practice shows that foreign investment can have both positive and negative effects on the country's economy. In this paper, the author examines the effects of foreign direct investment in the economy of the Russian Federation on the basis of testing two hypotheses on the basis of statistical analysis and macroeconomic modeling. The first is related to the assessment of the economic impact on the donor country based on the modified difference model of the multiplier-accelerator. The second hypothesis is based on a test of the impact of foreign investment on the host economy, based on the elasticity of external and domestic investment flows. The study identifies several target groups for analysis: regions that are active donors of investments and regions in which foreign investment flows are low. The comparison of the effects of foreign investment in these target groups allowed the author to give a more accurate description of the hypotheses about the nature of the consequences of foreign investment in the regions of the Russian
EKSTRAK DAUN MENGKUDU (Morinda citrifolia L.) SEBAGAI PENGGANTI ANTIBIOTIK PAKAN AYAM BROILER

terhadap performa produksi ayam broiler. Penelitian ini menggunakan ayam broiler unsex strain Lohmann umur 1 hari dan dipelihara selama 35 hari. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) satu faktor. Penambahan ekstrak daun mengkudu dalam ransum terdiri atas dua taraf konsentrasi yaitu 0,05% dan 0,1%, serta satu perlakuan berupa penambahan antibiotik tetrasiklin 0,05% (0% ekstrak daun mengkudu). Parameter yang diamati meliputi konsumsi ransum, pertambahan bobot badan, feed conversion ratio, bobot karkas, persentase karkas, dan persentase lemak abdominal. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan analysis of variance (ANOVA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ekstrak daun mengkudu dapat memperbaiki bobot karkas dan persentase lemak abdominal secara signifikan (P 0,05). Perlakuan dengan penambahan antibiotik tetrasiklin 0,05% menghasilkan jumlah konsumsi ransum yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan penambahan ekstrak daun mengkudu (P>0,05). Meskipun demikian, nilai setiap parameter performa produksi lainnya tidak lebih baik dibandingkan perlakuan dengan penambahan ekstrak daun mengkudu. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penambahan ekstrak daun mengkudu dalam ransum dapat meningkatkan performa produksi ayam broiler.
Review on Power Electronics Circuits in Renewable Energy Systems

The rapid increase in global energy consumption and the impact of greenhouse gas emissions has accelerated the transition towards greener energy sources. The need for distributed generation (DG) employing renewable energy sources such as wind, solar and fuel cells has gained significant momentum. Advanced power electronic systems, affordable high performance devices, and smart energy management principles are deemed to be an integral part of renewable, green and efficient energy systems. This paper briefly describes the attributes of DG. An overview of wind, fuel cell, solar based energy conversion systems has been presented. A qualitative description of the role of power electronics in wind, solar, and photovoltaic systems has been presented. Keywords— Fuel cell, Photovoltaic, Wind energy conversion, Wind Turbines, Zsource converter
Effect of late planting on emergence, tillering and yield of various varieties of wheat.

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of late planting on yield of different varieties of wheat, in agro ecological conditions of Bahawalpur zone. The study included four sowing times starting from 1 December to 16 January during the year 2007-08 with an equal interval of fifteen days. Four wheat varieties viz. Inqlab-91, Punjab-96, MH-97 and Bhakkar-2002 were included in the experiment. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with Split Plot arrangement having four replications, keeping sowing dates in main plots and wheat varieties in sub plots. The plot size was 2.4m x 8 m. The data were analyzed statistically using computer statistical program MSTATC. Analysis of variance was applied to test the overall significance of the data. Tukey’s honestly least difference test at 5% probability level was used to compare the differences among treatment means. Sowing dates and varieties both significantly affected the germination, tillering and grain yield. Among time of sowing, 1 December sowing gave significantly maximum mean grain yield of 4412 kg ha against the minimum mean grain yield of 2197 kg ha for 16 January sowing. Among wheat varieties Bhakkar-2002 gave significantly maximum mean grain yield of 3445 kg ha, whereas MH-97 was the lowest yielder 3185 kg ha. Emergence impaired due to delayed sowing owing to low temperature for germination, resulting in poor stand establishment and reduced the number of productive tillers and ultimately the final grain yield.
Vacuolar H+‐ATPase Regulation by AMPK in the Kidney Proximal Tubule

The vacuolar H+‐ATPase (V‐ATPase) mediates transport of H+ across membranes. The V‐ATPase is expressed at the apical membrane of kidney proximal tubule cells. PKA regulates V‐ATPase subcellular localization in intercalated cells and it phosphorylates the A subunit at Ser‐175. Moreover, activation of the metabolic sensor AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) prevents PKA‐mediated V‐ATPase apical accumulation in A‐type intercalated cells. We examined the role of AMPK in the regulation of V‐ATPase in proximal tubule S3 segment of rat kidney tissue slices ex vivo and in an S3 proximal tubule cell line. Incubation of kidney slices (75 min) in Ringer buffer alone caused V‐ATPase apical accumulation in S3 segments, while the AMPK activator AICAR induced a decrease in V‐ATPase apical accumulation. We also detected ubiquitinated V‐ATPase A subunit in S3 cells. Our results suggest that in S3 cells the V‐ATPase is regulated by metabolic signaling via AMPK (supported by NIDDK)
Genetic parameter estimates of visual score traits and their relationship with growing traits in Brazilian Nelore cattle.

INTRODUCTION The adoption of visual score traits is advantageous for genetic improvement of carcass-related traits (muscling and fat thickness) as compared with the traditional progeny tests and post mortem evaluation, due to reduction in time and costs to reach results. Existence of genetic variability of morphologic traits in Nelore cattle is indicated by the heritability estimates for carcass-related visual scores and body measurements (Lima et al., 1989; Eler et al., 1996; Koury Filho, 2001; Van Melis et al., 2003).
SIMULASI PENGARUH KECEPATAN GAS TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK FLUIDISASI PADA FLUIDIZED BED MENGGUNAKAN METODE CFD

: The gas fluidization velocity or superficial gas velocity entering the fluidized bed will affect the fluidization in fluidized bed. If the superficial velocity is below the minimum fluidization velocity then there is no fluidization, and if it is more than it should be then the fluidization characteristic will be different. To obtain the effect of gas fluidization velocity to fluidization characteristics, it had been conducted the research on lab scale fluidized bed using CFD simulation method validated with the experiment data. The simulations used Gidaspow model for drag force and k-ε model for turbulent flow. From the experiments obtained that the minimum fluidization velocity was 0.4 m/s and the pressure drop was around 700 Pa. The simulation results for pressure drop across the bed were close to the experiment data for the gas fluidization velocity equal and bigger than the minimum fluidization velocity. For the velocity below the minimum fluidization velocity, there was the big differences between the simulation results and the experiment, so the simulation results cannot be used. For the fluidization velocity of 0.4 m/s and 0.45 m/s, fluidized bed showed the bubbling phenomena, and the higher velocity showed the bigger bubble. For the fluidization velocity of 0.50 m/s to 0.70 m/s, the fluidized bed showed the turbulent regime. In this regime, the bubble was breaking instead of growing and there was no clear bed surface observed. The simulation result for particle density showed that if the gas velocity was higher, the density of particles at the base of bed was decreasing since many of the particles was moving upwards. The particle density was lower in this regime than that of bubbling regime.
Modulation of renin angiotensin system components by high glucose levels in the culture of collecting duct cells

Diabetes mellitus and its complications have become a major health concern in Western countries. Increased activity of the intrarenal renin–angiotensin system (RAS) contributes to diabetic nephropathy (DN). We previously reported that in mesangial cells, the high glucose concentration (HG) leads to upregulation of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) messenger RNA, suggesting that ACE was modulated by angiotensin II (Ang II) release. However, this relation in the collecting duct has not yet been studied. We, therefore, aimed to evaluate RAS modulation in inner medullary collecting duct cells (IMCD) exposed to HG. The IMCD were divided into normal glucose (5 mM D‐glucose, NG), high glucose (30 mM, HG), and mannitol (30 mM, M) groups. The cells were cultured 48 hr in their respective media. The intracellular and extracellular ACE activity was measured using hippuryl‐His‐Leu as substrate via a fluorimetric assay and expression was analyzed using western blot analysis. ACE activity, intracellular (27%) and extracellular (22%), was significantly lower in the HG group than in NG and M. ACE2 activity and Ang 1–7 levels were higher in the intracellular compartment. Our data suggest that the HG cannot modify ACE synthesis in IMCD cells but can modulate its activity. The decrease in ACE activity may result in decreased levels of Ang II to protect the IMCD against proliferative and inflammatory deleterious effects of this peptide. Conversely, the increase of ACE2 generating high levels of Ang 1–7, a vasodilator peptide, suggesting that this peptide can induce glucose uptake and protect cells against oxidative stress, which can elicit insulin resistance.
Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology A Two-Stage Poisson Model for Testing RNA-Seq Data

RNA sequencing technology is providing data of unprecedented throughput, resolution, and accuracy. Although there are many different computational tools for processing these data, there are a limited number of statistical methods for analyzing them, and even fewer that acknowledge the unique nature of individual gene transcription. We introduce a simple and powerful statistical approach, based on a two-stage Poisson model, for modeling RNA sequencing data and testing for biologically important changes in gene expression. The advantages of this approach are demonstrated through simulations and real data applications.