Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Developmental Change in F0 of Cantonese-Speaking Pre-adolescent Children

This paper presents the developmental fundamental frequency (F0) data from Cantonesespeaking pre-adolescent children, male and female. Results of frequency analysis of the speech data from children of nine age groups from 4 to 12 years show that (i) there is an overall drop in F0 across the nine age groups of both genders and a larger change for male than female children; (ii) a significant difference in F0 between male and female children emerges at age 12 as a result of a large F0 drop in male but not female children; (iii) the F0 for male children of age 12 is half an octave higher than that for male adults, but the 12-yearold female children reach the adult-like F0 pattern; and (iv) the patterns of developmental F0 between Cantonese-speaking and English-speaking children are similar, except for the differences in the F0 drop between age 5 and age 6 and in the 12-yearold male children between the two languages.
Microarray versus conventional prediction of lymph node metastasis in colorectal carcinoma

The authors investigated whether microarray‐based gene expression analysis of primary tumor biopsy material could be used to predict lymph node status in patients with colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Lymphatic metastasis strongly determines treatment algorithms in CRC. Currently, postoperative histology results are needed to determine lymph node status. Reliable preoperative information would be useful to advance treatment strategies.
Disruption Effect of the Synthetic Sex Pheromone and its Analogues on Diamondback Moth

Five mg and 50 mg of sex pheromone (Z-11-16:Ald, Z-11-16:Ac and Z-11-16:OH), 5 mg and 10 mg of Z-9-14:Ac and 1 mg and 10 mg of Z-11-16:OH were tested to show the disruption effect on diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), in a field. When the distance between the sticky trap and tested chemical was zero or 2.8 m, the chemicals did not show the disruption effect. However, when the distance increased to 6.3 or 8.4 m, all tested chemicals, except 1 mg of Z-11-16:OH, showed the disruption effect. In control traps more males were attracted to the long distance (6.3 and 8.4 m) than to the short one (0 and 2.8 m). The data obtained from this observation suggest that the active space of DBM in the field is possibly between 0 and 6.3 m.
Mondialisation et compétition.

Luiz Carlos BRESSER-PEREIRA enseigne l'economie et la theorie politique a la Fondation Getulio Vargas au Bresil. Il est professeur, invite regulierement a l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales a Paris, a l'Universite Paris 1, et a l'Universite d'Oxford. Il a publie de nombreux ouvrages, The theory of Inertial Inflation avec Yoshiaki Nakano(1987), Crise economique et reforme de l'Etat au Bresil (2001), Democracy and Public Management Reform: Building the Republican State (2004), Developing Brazil (2005) et Macroeconomics of Stagnation(2007), entre autres. Ses contributions a la theorie economique et politique, surtout dans l'etude des problemes specifiques des pays a revenu moyen, sont reconnues. C'est le cas, notamment, de sa theorie de l'inflation inertielle et de son analyse sur la tendance a la surevalutation du taux de change. Son travail sur la reforme de l'administration publique et la transition democratique au Bresil est egalement tres apprecie. Il participe activement a la vie politique bresilienne depuis la fin du regime autoritaire. Ainsi, il a occupe diverses fonctions, dont celle de Directeur de la Banque de l'Etat de Sao Paolo, de Ministre de l'Administration Federale et de la Reforme de l'Etat, de Ministre des Finances et de Ministre de la Science et de la Technologie. A partir de son dernier ouvrage "Mondialisation et competition" publie en France en 2009, il nous parle des problemes de developpement des pays a revenu moyen dans le cadre de la mondialisation commerciale et financiere. Il analyse pourquoi certains pays emergents reussissent dans le cadre de la concurrence internationale alors que d'autres n'ont pas le meme succes. Il explique egalement l'alternative du "nouveau developpementisme" qu'il propose, et fait le point sur les pays emergents latinoamericains.
CD133 Expression Defines a Tumor Initiating Cell Population in Primary Human Ovarian Cancer

Evidence is accumulating that solid tumors contain a rare phenotypically distinct population of cells, termed cancer stem cells (CSC), which give rise to and maintain the bulk of the tumor. These CSC are thought to be resistant to current chemotherapeutic strategies due to their intrinsic stem‐like properties and thus may provide the principal driving force behind recurrent tumor growth. Given the high frequency of recurrent metastasis associated with human ovarian cancer, we sought to determine whether primary human ovarian tumors contain populations of cells with enhanced tumor‐initiating capacity, a characteristic of CSC. Using an in vivo serial transplantation model, we show that primary uncultured human ovarian tumors can be reliably propagated in NOD/SCID mice, generating heterogeneous tumors that maintain the histological integrity of the parental tumor. The observed frequency of tumor engraftment suggests only certain subpopulations of ovarian tumor cells have the capacity to recapitulate tumor growth. Further profiling of human ovarian tumors for expression of candidate CSC surface markers indicated consistent expression of CD133. To determine whether CD133 expression could define a tumor‐initiating cell population in primary human ovarian tumors, fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) methods were employed. Injection of sorted CD133+ and CD133− cell populations into NOD/SCID mice established that tumor‐derived CD133+ cells have an increased tumorigenic capacity and are capable of recapitulating the original heterogeneous tumor. Our data indicate that CD133 expression defines a NOD/SCID tumor initiating subpopulation of cells in human ovarian cancer that may be an important target for new chemotherapeutic strategies aimed at eliminating ovarian cancer. STEM CELLS 2009;27:2875–2883
α1β1 Integrin-Mediated Collagen Matrix Remodeling by Rat Mesangial Cells Is Differentially Regulated by Transforming Growth Factor-β and Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB

Abstract . Pathologic remodeling of mesangial matrix after glomerular injury is the central biologic feature of glomerular scarring (sclerosis). Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB have been implicated in the development of glomerular scarring in rat and human glomerulonephritis. To clarify molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in abnormal mesangial remodeling, this study focused on the role of α1β1 integrin, a collagen/laminin receptor, in rat mesangial cells, using collagen gel contraction as an experimental model of in vivo collagen matrix remodeling and scar formation. In addition, the influence of TGF-β and PDGF-BB on mesangial cell (MC)-mediated collagen gel contraction in association with the α1β1 integrin expression was evaluated. Integrin function blocking studies using anti-α1, β1 subunit antibodies indicated that MC-α1β1 integrin is essentially required not only for collagen-dependent adhesion/migration, but also for gel contraction. Protein synthesis and mRNA analysis experiments demonstrated that TGF-β, but not PDGF-BB, increases the expression of α1β1 integrin in mesangial cells cultured on plastic surface and in collagen gels. The upregulation of α1β1 integrin expression by TGF-β correlated with increases in gel contraction and collagen-dependent adhesion but not migration of mesangial cells. On the other hand, PDGF-BB enhanced MC-mediated gel contraction and migration without affecting cell adhesion to collagen I. Growth factor-induced collagen-dependent adhesion, migration, and gel contraction were significantly attenuated by incubation with anti-α1, β1 subunit antibodies. Thus, these data indicate that α1β1 integrin-mediated collagen matrix remodeling can be modulated by TGF-β and PDGF-BB via different mechanisms. α1β1 integrin-mediated mesangial matrix remodeling induced by TGF-β or PDGF-BB may be a pathogenic mechanism leading to glomerular scarring.
Immune activation in HIV infection: what can the natural hosts of simian immunodeficiency virus teach us?

Purpose of reviewThe review summarizes studies in natural hosts, with a particular focus on the control of immune activation and new insights into viral reservoirs. We discuss why these findings are relevant for HIV research today. Recent findingsAIDS resistance in natural hosts is characterized by a rapid control of inflammatory processes in response to simian immunodeficiency virus infection despite persistent viremia. Although CD4+ T cells are dramatically depleted in the intestine in primary infection, interleukin 17-producing T helper cells (Th17) are preserved and natural hosts lack microbial translocation. Thus, viral replication in the gut is not sufficient to explain mucosal damage, but additional factors are necessary. Natural hosts also display a lower infection rate of stem-cell memory, central memory and follicular helper T cells. The follicles are characterized by a lack of viral trapping and the viral replication in secondary lymphoid organs is rapidly controlled. Hence, the healthy status of natural hosts is associated with preserved lymphoid environments. SummaryUnderstanding the underlying mechanisms of preservation of Th17 and of the low contribution of stem-cell memory, central memory and follicular helper T cells to viral reservoirs could benefit the search for preventive and curative approaches of HIV. Altogether, the complementarity of the model helps to identify strategies aiming at restoring full capacity of the immune system and decreasing the size of the viral reservoirs.
The place of airway hyperresponsiveness in the asthma phenotype

Asthma is a common chronic disease, which can affect individuals from early childhood and towards elderly age [1]. As long as its pathogenesis remains unclarified the definition of asthma relies on describing the abnormalities at the clinical, physiological, pathological, immunological and cellular level. First, the disease is characterized by symptoms, such as periodic chest tightness and wheezing [1]. This is accompanied with variable airways obstruction as measured by peak flow rates or spirometry [1]. The variability in airways obstruction can be mimicked in the laboratory by administering either a bronchodilator, which reveals its reversibility [1], or by using a bronchoconstrictor stimulus, thereby measuring the so-called airway hyperresponsiveness [2]. Beside these clinical and physiological features, asthma is characterized by cellular and histological abnormalities at the airway level [3]. These include mucosal, submucosal, and adventitial inflammation, as demonstrated by epithelial shedding, collagen deposition in the sub-basement membrane reticular layer, infiltration by mononuclear cells, mast cells, granulocytes, and airway wall swelling by plasma extravasation and smooth muscle hyperplasia or hypertrophy [3]. There is increasing evidence that this pathology is associated with a specific profile in local cytokine and mediator synthesis [4]. Hence, it is highly likely that a fundamental change in the phenotypes of several resident and infiltrative cells in the airways underlies the pathogenesis of asthma [4]. At present, it has not been clarified as to whether such fundamental cellular changes in asthma are caused by genetic predisposition (associated with the expression of atopy), environmental influences (such as respiratory virus infections), or both. In search of these factors, it is essential that the diagnosis of asthma can be made without uncertainty. To that end many studies have relied on the presence of airway hyperresponsiveness to
Cyberslacking or Smart Work: Smartphone Usage Log-Analysis Focused on App-Switching Behavior in Work and Leisure Conditions

ABSTRACT As smartphones can handle work and leisure activities simultaneously, cyberslacking and the collapse of work-life balance are causing social problems. Hence, in this study we analyzed users’ smartphone usage behavior and the transition pattern between work and non-work behaviors using log data collected automatically from an actual site. The collected log data were divided into four types of sessions according to work-related characteristics. No significant difference was found in frequency, usage time, or app type between work conditions. Additionally, the pattern of consecutively switching between work and non-work conditions more than four times occurred the most. This results in work and non-work behaviors on smartphones being mixed, with chemical convergence beyond the physical level. Thus, we assert that a new method of smartphone management that will selectively block micro-activity within each app is needed beyond self-discipline or existing blocking approaches in the workplace.
THE TURKIC LANGUAGES AND LITERATURES OF THE EAST EUROPEAN KARAITES

Many languages have been spoken by Karaites around the world. The first Karaites-and members of similar groups-spoke Aramaic, Persian, and Arabic. In the classical period of Karaism the adherents of this movement contributed most significandy to Arabic and Hebrew literatures and linguistics, as well as to other fields of knowledge. During the Byzantine period of Karaite history, Greek was current among those within the Byzantine and post-Byzantine cultural realm. So the Karaite communities of the former Ottoman capital, Edirne, and those of the new capital, Istanbul, being mosdy descendants of the Edirne community, as well as the Karaites of the pre-Ottoman Balkan Peninsula, spoke---and occasionally wrote---Greek. But towards the end of eighteenth or beginning of the ninettenth century they began to switch to Turkish. 1 The Karaites of Egypt, those of the Land of Israel and of Hit in Iraq of course spoke Arabic. The Karaites in modern Israel-who stem mosdy from Egypt and Hit-now speak Israeli Hebrew, and those in the USA, mostly of Egyptian descent, speak American English spiced with some residual Arabic. The Karaites of Europe, including those in the Crimea, together with the Rabbanite Jews of the Crimea, known as Krimchaks, 2 are the only Jews in the medieval and early modern periods to speak Turkic.3 A gradual switchover to the local Slavic languages began
Do crows reason about causes or agents? The devil is in the controls

In a recent issue of PNAS, Taylor et al. (1) claimed that New Caledonian crows can reason about hidden causal agents (HCAs). Crows first experienced three trials in the HCA condition: they saw a human enter a hide within their aviary; a stick being poked from the hide toward a foraging site; and the human leaving. In the subsequent unknown causal agent (UCA) condition, the crows only saw the poking. The animals inspected the hide less often in the first condition, prompting the authors to suggest that the crows “attributed the movement of the stick…to the agent” and that the crows inferred that the stick was unlikely to move again once the human had left. The authors encouraged future comparative studies to adopt the same methodology to uncover the evolutionary forces that led to this cognitive ability, which we agree would be an interesting endeavor. However, we suggest additional controls are critical if the results are to be diagnostic of the ability to represent causes or agency.
Nocturnal blood pressure changes in patients with restless legs syndrome

Objectives: To assess heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) changes associated with periodic leg movements during sleep (PLMS) with or without EEG signs of arousal in subjects with primary restless legs syndrome (RLS). Methods: Ten patients with RLS (4 women, aged 47.3 ± 13.5 years) underwent one night of polysomnography along with noninvasive beat-to-beat BP monitoring. Ten PLMS with microarousals (PLMS-MA) and 10 PLMS without microarousals (PLMS-noMA) were analyzed in each subject. Systolic and diastolic BP (SBP, DBP) were measured within a 25-beat temporal window comprising 10 beats before and 15 beats after onset of each movement. PLMS-related BP changes were assessed by repeated measures one-way analysis of variance. BP changes associated with PLMS-MA and PLMS-noMA were compared by paired t-tests. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to assess the relationship between cardiovascular changes and clinical and polysomnographic variables. Results: BP increased significantly in association with all PLMS (on average, SBP 22 mm Hg, DBP 11 mm Hg). BP changes associated with PLMS-MA were greater vs those associated with PLMS-noMA (p < 0.05). SBP and DBP changes increased with age and the duration of illness. Conclusions: Periodic leg movements–related repetitive nocturnal blood pressure fluctuations could contribute to the risk of cardiovascular diseases in patients with restless legs syndrome, especially in the elderly.
Cohort Profile: The 1946 National Birth Cohort (MRC National Survey of Health and Development).

The first of the British National Birth Cohort studies aimed to address two health and social policy questions of importance in the years before the establishment of the National Health Service (NHS) in 1948. The first question, identified by the Royal Commission on Population, asked why the national fertility rate had been falling consistently since the middle of the 19th century. A proposed explanation was that the ‘medical and other costs associated with the birth of a baby may today be a serious deterrent to parenthood. ’ 1 The second question asked ‘what was the national distribution and use of obstetric medical and midwifery services, and how far do they prevent premature and infant death, and promote the health of mothers and infants? ’ 1
Transaction Security System Extensions to the Common Cryptographic Architecture

A well-designed application program interface for a line of cryptographic products simplifies customer use of cryptographic services by helping to ensure compliance with national and international standards and by providing intuitive high-level services that may be implemented on disparate systems. The Common Cryptographic Architecture is IBM's strategic cryptographic architecture. The Transaction Security System implements the Common Cryptographic Architecture in full. Furthermore, the Transaction Security System has implemented extensions to the architecture to address additional customer requirements. This paper gives the design rationale for some of the additional cryptographic functionality in the Transaction Security System beyond that mandated by the Common Cryptographic Architecture.
Catastrophic deterioration and hippocampal atrophy after childhood status epilepticus

References Willison HJ, Paterson G, Veitch J, et al. Peripheral neuropathy associated with monoclonal IgM anti-Pr, cold agglutinins. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1993;56:1178-1183 Kusunoki S, Chiba A. Tai T, Kanazawa I. Localization of GM1 and GDlb antigens in the human peripheral nervous system. Muscle Nerve 1993;16:752-756 Kusunoki S, Shimizu J, Chiba A, et al. Experimental sensory neuropathy induced by sensitization with ganglioside GD 1 b. Ann Neurol 1996;39:424-431 Younes-Chennoufi AB, Ltger J-M, Hauw J-J, et al. Ganglioside GDlb is the target antigen for a biclonal IgM in a case of sensory-motor axonal polyneuropathy: involvement of Nacetylneuraminic acid in the epitope. Ann Neurol 1992;32: 18 -23 Yuki N. Acute paresis of extraocular muscles associated with IgG anti-GQ1 b antibody. Ann Neurol 1996;39:668 -672 Wicklein EM, Pfeiffer G, Yuki N, et al. Prominent sensory ataxia in Guillain-Barre syndrome associated with IgG antiGDlb antibody. J Neurol Sci 1997;151:227-229
Fusão entre ALL – América Latina Logística e Rumo Logística Operadora Multimodal: Uma Análise a partir da Visão Baseada em Recursos.

Este artigo buscou analisar a negociação no setor logístico brasileiro entre a ALL – América Latina Logística e a empresa Rumo Logística, uma subsidiária da Cosan S.A. Foi desenvolvida uma descrição do processo de fusão, a verificação dos benefícios e impactos negativos da transação e a relação dos dados com a visão baseada em recursos. O estudo consiste em uma pesquisa cuja abordagem é exploratória. A pesquisa se classifica quanto ao enfoque como qualitativa. Com relação aos procedimentos, consiste em um estudo de caso. Foi possível constatar que as empresas envolvidas com o processo de fusão dispunham de recursos atraentes que se tornam complementares as operações das duas companhias, sendo de interesse a aquisição dos recursos da ALL – América Latina Logística por parte do grupo Cosan S.A, por meio de sua subsidiária Rumo Logística Operadora Multimodal. Também ilustra que a operação de fusão iniciou com o tratamento de divergências contratuais de transportes que foram amplamente debatidas e analisadas por ambas as empresas, mostrando a complexidade do tema. Evidenciou que os impactos gerados com a fusão foram benéficos para ambas às empresas. Conclui-se que processos de fusão e incorporação desta natureza permitem o alcance de vantagens competitivas pelo acesso a recursos. Palavras-chave: Visão baseada em recursos. Recursos. Fusão.
A Preliminary Feasibility Study of Varenicline for Smoking Cessation in Bipolar Disorder

Becky S. Wu, B.Sc.1, Andrea H. Weinberger, Ph.D.2, Enza Mancuso, M.Ed.1,3, Victoria C. Wing, Ph.D.1,4, Bahar Haji-Khamneh, M.Sc.1, Andrea J. Levinson, M.D., FRCPC3,4, and Tony P. George, M.D., FRCPC1,2,4 1Schizophrenia Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada 2Division of Substance Abuse, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA 3Mood and Anxiety Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 4Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Expression levels of MRP1, GST-π, and GSK3β in ovarian cancer and the relationship with drug resistance and prognosis of patients

Expression levels of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), glutathione S-transferase π (GST-π) and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) were investigated in ovarian epithelial cancer and the relationship with the primary drug resistance of patients with ovarian cancer to chemotherapy. One hundred and twenty-one ovarian cancer tissue samples from patients who underwent ovarian cancer resection from January 2013 to June 2015 in Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University were enrolled in the Experimental group, while 58 ovarian tissue samples from patients with fallopian tube obstruction but with no ovarian cancer who received surgical treatment for blocked fallopian tube were included in the Control group. After the detection of the expression levels of MRP1, GST-π, and GSK3β mRNA by RT-PCR and the analysis of related clinical pathological factors, patients in the Experimental group were divided into the Chemotherapy-sensitive and Chemotherapy-resistant groups according to the chemotherapy efficacy. Additionally, with the mean expression levels of MRP1, GST-π, and GSK3β in ovarian cancer tissues as the boundaries, the expression levels of the three genes in the Experimental group were classified into high expression and low expression. Ovarian cancer tissues had much higher expression levels of MRP1, GST-π, and GSK3β mRNA than normal ovarian tissues (P<0.05). The expression levels of MRP1, GST-π, and GSK3β mRNA in the Chemotherapy-sensitive group were significantly lower than those in the Chemotherapy-resistant group (P<0.05). Patients with high expression of MRP1, GST-π, and GSK3β mRNA had a much lower 3-year survival rate than patients with low expression of the genes (P<0.05). Highly expressed in patients with ovarian cancer, MRP1, GST-π, and GSK3β mRNA play an important role in the development and drug resistance of ovarian cancer, which ensures this study is of positive clinical guiding significance in developing proper treatment for ovarian cancer and evaluating the efficacy of chemotherapy.