Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Are you willing to donate?: relationship between perceived website design, trust and donation decisions online

Online fundraising is becoming increasingly important for non-profit organizations, but the factors that convince people to make a donation online have not yet been fully investigated. In the present work, data of two studies (total N = 2525) was used to examine factors of online donation. An effect of website design perceptions (in terms of content, usability, and aesthetics) on willingness to donate was postulated. Furthermore, research questions about demographic aspects such as age and gender as well as trust in the organization were posed. In both studies, fully-functional health-related websites were evaluated (in sum 33 websites). For statistical analysis, logistic regressions were performed. The results showed different relevance of predictors of donation in different scenarios of donation. For the donation of one's own money, the perceived content and trust in the organization showed the greatest influence. When donating other people's money, the aesthetics of the website was the most important factor for the willingness to donate. Thus, the design of the website, but also of trust in the organization are highly relevant. The differences between the two scenarios of online donation might be explained by the increased relevance of the decision, which results from donating one's own money, and according cognitive processes. Nevertheless, further research should examine influences of additional variables and establishing implications for successful digital donation generation in the healthcare sector.
Practicing coastal seascape ecology

Landscape ecology concepts developed from terrestrial systems have recently emerged as theoretical and analytical frameworks that are equally useful for evaluating the ecological consequences of spatial patterns and structural changes in the submerged landscapes of coastal ecosystems. The benefits of applying a spatially-explicit perspective to resource management and restoration planning in the coastal zone are rapidly becoming apparent. This Theme Section on the application of landscape ecology to the estuarine and coastal environment emerged from a special symposium at the Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation (CERF) 20th Biennial Conference (Estuaries and Coasts in a Changing World) held in Portland, Oregon, USA, in November 2009. The 7 contributions in this Theme Section collectively provide substantial insights into the current status and application of the landscape approach in shallow marine environments, and identify significant knowledge gaps, as well as potential directions for the future advancement of ‘seascape ecology’.
Nocturnal Flights of Triatoma (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in Sabino Canyon, Arizona: I. Light collections

Triatoma rubida uhleri, T. protracta protracta , and T. recurva were studied in Sabino Canyon, Tucson, Arizona, to determine flight stimuli, daily and seasonal flight rhythms, and effects of various physical factors on flight and distances flown. A black light was operated for 4 to 6 nights per week during the summers of 1972 and 1973. For each bug collected, physical conditions were noted; physical factors that were important as flight stimuli were later determined by computer analysis of these data. Time of day (or amount of light) was found to influence triatomine flights. The vast majority of bugs were collected, in the first 4 h after dark. Nutritional state of the bugs was important—the majority of the bugs appeared to be starved. The most important physical factors promoting flight of T. rubida uhleri were high temperatures, low relative humidity and low wind speeds; for T. recurva the factors were temperatures in the range of 22 to 35°C and low relative humidity.
Dynamics of Soil Fertility in Organic Farming Studies of Maize - Sunflower - Green Gram Cropping System

Field experiments were conducted for two consecutive years (2003-04 and 2004-2005) at S.V. Agricultural College Farm (ANGRAU), Tirupati , Southern plateau and Hills zone of India on red sandy soils consisting Greengram was raised as residual crop during summer in a sequence of Maize sown in Kharif and Sunflower sown in Rabi with the imposition of the treatments to the first two crops of the sequence. There were fourteen treatments comprising of six different sources of nitrogen viz., farm yard manure, vermicompost, neem leaf manure, poultry manure, pig manure and fertilizer to supply recommended dose of nitrogen on equalent nitrogen basis and one absolute control. All the seven treatments were tried with and without the foliar application of Panchagavya, thus making the total treatments to fourteen. Regarding the dynamics of various soil fertility parameters viz., soil organic carbon, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium, all of them were found built up to a considerable extent with the use of organic manures to maize and sunflower, while the application of fertilizer to maize and sunflower could just maintain the soil fertility status with neither considerable replenishment nor deterioration.As regards the balance sheet of soil available N, P and K, the highest positive balance of soil available nitrogen was found associated with neem leaf manure, and that of phosphorus was associated with poultry manure while that of potassium was with vermicompost. However, all the organic manures could result in higher balance than with application of fertilizer to maize and sunflower crops. Irrespective of the manurial sources, use of Panchagavya did not exert any noticeable effect on fertility enrichment of the soil.
Plant Growth Regulator (Stronghold trademark) Enhances Repellency of Anthraquinone Formulation (Flight Control trademark) to Canada Geese

There is a need for nonlethal methods of reducing conflicts between burgeoning populations of resident giant Canada geese (Branta canadensis) and humans at airports and other settings. An anthraquinone-based formulation (Flight Control [FC]; 50% anthraquinone [AQ], active ingredient) has shown promise in deterring grazing by Canada geese. We hypothesized that the addition of a plant growth regulator (Stronghold [SH]) might enhance the effectiveness of FC by minimizing the exposure of new, untreated grass. To isolate the effects of grass height, plant growth regulator, and the combination of a repellent with a plant growth regulator on grazing by geese, we conducted 3 experiments, each using 24 geese in 6 18.3- × 30.5-m pens in northern Ohio during 1998. We evaluated the response of geese to short (4-11 cm) and tall grass (16-21 cm) in a 9-day test (15-23 Jul). Next, SH (applied at 1.2 L/ha) was evaluated as a grazing repellent in a 14-day test (30 Jul-12 Aug). Finally, we evaluated the effectiveness of FC (2.3 L/ha) combined with SH (0.9 L/ha SH) as a grazing repellent in a 22-day test (11 Sep-2 Oct). We found no difference (P = 0.529) in the number of geese per observation in tall- (1.7 ± 1.5; x ± SE) versus short-grass plots (2.3 ± 1.5), nor in bill contacts per minute (P = 0.777) in tall- (12.6 ± 9.3) versus short-grass plots (11.1 ± 7.9). In the SH test, 14 days postapplication, mean grass height was 12.9 cm in untreated plots and 7.2 cm in treated plots. However, the number of geese per observation on untreated (1.8 ± 1.3) and treated plots (2.2 ± 1.3) did not differ (P = 0.567). Also, there was no difference (P = 0.706) in the number of bill contacts per minute in untreated (15.3 ± 9.9) versus treated plots (18.1 ± 14.2). In contrast, over a 22-day FC/SH test, the mean number of geese per observation was 2.6 times greater (P < 0.001) on untreated (2.9 ± 0.5) versus treated plots (1.1 ± 0.5). Further, the mean number of bill contacts per minute was 8.2 times greater (P < 0.001) on untreated (54.4 ± 11.2) than treated plots (6.6 ± 2.3). We observed no abatement in repellency 22 days posttreatment. Thus, we conclude that SH greatly enhanced the repellency of FC to grazing Canada geese, and we contend that the use of a plant growth regulator with FC will prove effective in reducing goose foraging at airports and other sites.
PHYSIOLOGICAL IMMATURITY AND HYDROPRIMING OF Parkia nitida Miq. SEEDS WITH PHYSICAL DORMANCY IMATURIDADE FISIOLÓGICA E CONDICIONAMENTO HÍDRICO DE SEMENTES DE Parkia nitida Miq COM DORMÊNCIA FÍSICA

Parkia nitida (Fabaceae Mimosoideae) is a neotropical timber tree of economic e ecological importance due to its wood and the possibility of rapid growth in degraded areas. is a neotropical tree species of economic and ecological importance. That study aimed to verify if the freshly harvested seeds exhibit physiological immaturity and apply hydropriming on seeds with different degrees of imbibition to enhance the germination performance. The same seed lot was tested immediately after collection and after one year of storage. The treatments were 0, 20, 40 and 60% of partial imbibition in water at 15°C, followed by a drying period of 7 days. The seeds were sown in washed sand in the nursery (4 x 25 seeds / treatment). Seed moisture was assessed before and after imbibition, and after drying. Statistical tests ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis showed significant difference between treatments for final germination percentage and mean germination time (p> 0.05). Fresh seeds of Parkia nitida showed 35% of normal seedling development, this value increased after one year of storage to 76%. Hydropriming of the fresh seeds was able to increase the germination to the same value as the stored seeds and reduced the mean emergence time from 7 to 4 days. The positive action of hydropriming was observed only after a partial imbibition of 20% (29 hours), longer imbibition periods significantly reduced the germination. The results indicate on a “critical imbibition level” between 20 and 40% of turgency. The need for a post-harvest maturation for Parkia nitida seeds could be overcome with hydropriming of the fresh seeds.
Studies on the Toxic Substances in Barley Infected with Fusarium spp

Using the procedure employed for the separation of fusarenon and nivalenol, toxic substances were separated from cereal grains infected with Fusarium in the crop field of Kagawa-ken in 1970. Production of the toxic substances in culture filtrates of the isolated strain was also determined. The results are summarized as follows:(1) Fusarium spp. , Alternaria spp. , Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. were isolated from moldy grains of barley and wheat. Fusarium roseum or related species were found to be a majority of casual fungi. (2) Moldy grains mainly contained “Rd-toxin”, mp. 149. 5-151°C, and nivalenol, mp. 224-226°C, both toxic to mice and protozoa and the former was considered as a newly found mycotoxin having a scirpene nucleus. (3) Phytotoxic butenolide, mp. 115-117°C, hardly detectable in the grains, and Rd-toxin were separated from culture filtrates of the isolated Fusarium roseum strain, whereas nivalenol was not detected.
Is the ITS Region the solution to the "species problem" in corals? Intragenomic variation, and alignment Permutations in Porites, Siderastrea and outgroup taxa

Two widely acknowledged problems with the use of the ribosomal ITS region as a phylogenetic marker were examined in scleractinian coral: intragenomic variation and alignment ambiguities. Sequences from Caribbean and Eastern Pacific Porites and Siderastrea species were examined, as well as the nearest available outgroup sequences from GenBank (Tubastrea, Balanophyllia, Scapophyllia and Montastrea). Intragenomic variation was considerably lower than previously reported in corals, and Porites species were fully resolved. Despite a patchwork of conserved sequence motifs among all taxa, objective alignment between higher taxonomic levels became difficult as gaps and ambiguities increased. To examine the potential for the ITS region to resolve deeper level relationships, fifty alternative alignments were generated by gap-penalty permutation, and examined for consensus. The tree topologies were remarkably congruent, suggesting strong phylogenetic signal at several taxonomic levels. Alternative topologies only rarely occurred at alignment parameter extremes, therefore mid-range parameters were chosen for phylogenetic analysis. The resulting phylogeny was generally consistent with the fossil record, and with previous molecular studies while yielding higher resolution.
Movements of cephalic components during feeding in some requiem sharks (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae)

TURNER, F. B. , P. HAYDEN, B. L. BURGE AND J. B. ROBERSON. 1986. Egg production by the desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in California. Herpetologica 42:93-104. WALLACE, A. , AND E. M. ROMNEY. 1972. Radioecology and Ecophysiology of Desert Plants at the Nevada Test Site, Report No. TID-25954, National Technical Information Services, Springfield, Virginia. WEBB, W. , W. K. LAUENROTH, S. R. SZAREK AND R. S. KINERSON. 1983. Primary production and abiotic controls in forests, grasslands, and desert ecosystems in the United States. Ecology 64:134-151. WILBUR, H. M. 1975. The evolutionary and mathematical demography of the turtle Chrysemys picta. Ibid. 56:64-77. WOODBURY, A. M. , AND R. HARDY. 1948. Studies of the desert tortoise, Gopherus agassizi. Ecol. Monogr. 18:145-200.
Photosynthesis in Sitka Spruce. VIII. The Effects of Light Flux Density and Direction on the Rate of Net Photosynthesis and the Stomatal Conductance of Needles

SUMMARY (1) Needles of Sitka spruce were illuminated on either the top or bottom surfaces or on both surfaces simultaneously, using parallel beam light. (2) 'Sun' needles had higher maximum net photosynthetic rates (Emax), higher stomatal conductance (ge) and higher mesophyll conductances (g.) than 'shade' needles. The largest differences in photosynthetic rates between 'sun' and 'shade' needles were obtained with bilateral illumination. (3) The Fmax of 'sun' needles was higher with bilateral illumination than with illumination on either the top or bottom surfaces alone. Illumination on the top surface resulted in higher values of Fmax than illumination on the bottom surface. These differences in Fmax were associated with large differences in gm whereas g. was not affected by the direction of illumination at high flux densities. The Fmax of 'shade' needles was similar whether illuminated on the top surface or with bilateral illumination. Fmax was significantly lower when illuminated on the bottom surface. These differences in Fmax were again associated with differences in gm but not gg. (4) Stomata on the bottom surface of 'shade' needles appeared to be very sensitive to illumination on the top surface. (5) The response of net photosynthesis to light departed from linearity, even at very low photon flux densities, especially when needles were illuminated unilaterally, indicating that the individual photosynthetic units in spruce saturate at a very low flux density. (6) The photosynthetic light response curve was more convex in bilateral illumination than in unilateral illumination and in 'shade' needles than in 'sun' needles. It was less convex than in the leaves of other C3 angiosperm species. Small convexity indicates a wide range of photon flux densities at the chloroplasts and may lower productivity since photosynthesis of most needles in a canopy is not light saturated.
Systemic Participatory Action Research and Learning within Large-Scale Operational Programs to Eradicate Bonded Labor in India

This paper describes the implementation of a large-scale systemic participatory action research program which was designed to encourage community-based solutions to bonded labor in India. The program focuses on workers in brick kilns and stone quarries and, to some extent, on sex workers in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, and on cotton-mill workers in Tamil Nadu. It runs in parallel to programmatic interventions by local NGOs. The paper looks at the methodological challenges of fully engaging a mostly illiterate, extremely marginalized population on a highly political and complex issue in order to generate community-led solutions, and the process of taking that to scale. The program resulted in extensive methodological innovation and substantive changes to the lives of villagers.
Occurrence Patterns and Trends of Cetaceans Recorded from Southeast Farallon Island, California, 1973 to 1994

We summarize 22,682 observations of 15 species of cetaceans from Southeast Farallon Island off San Francisco, California, 1973 to 1994. Gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) accounted for 63% of the observations. Most of these were of migrant individuals in the winter and spring, but up to 10 summer/fall residents were also recorded around the island each year. The other 14 species were recorded primarily from July to November. Observations of all cetaceans and of several different species increased significantly during the 22-yr period. These increases may be related to population recoveries due to protection of the large whale species, possible increases or changes in food resources in the Gulf of the Farallones region, possible observer biases, or likely, a combination of these factors. The occurrence of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) in the region during the last three years of the study may have resulted in changes in the distributions of several species.
The tardigrade Ramazzottius varieornatus as a model of extremotolerant animals

I report the successful culture of the tardigrade Ramazzottius varieornatus by supplying the green alga Chlorella vulgaris as a food. A standard strain named YOKOZUNA-1 has been isolated from single egg of R. varieornatus. The reared animals have anhydrobiotic ability throughout their life cycle in eggs, juveniles, and adults. Body water content of adult R. varieornatus drops from 78.6% wt. /wt. in hydrated state to 2.5% wt. /wt. in anhydrobiotic state. Reared adults, while in an anhydrobiotic state, are tolerant of exposure to 100°C, 1 GPa, 99.8% acetonitrile, and 5000 Gy of 4He ions. Furthermore, hydrated active adults survive freezing at -2 to -20°C at a cooling rate of 1°C/min. Based on useful culture systems and extraordinary tolerance to extreme environmental conditions of R. varieornatus, this species is expected to be a suitable model for extremophile research focusing on multicellular organisms.
Giardia intestinalis: new insights on an old pathogen

Giardia intestinalis is the most common protozoan enteric pathogen in humans, with an estimated global prevalence of 280 million cases. Sporadic cases and outbreaks of disease are most often associated with consumption or exposure to contaminated water, although food and direct contact with infected hosts (humans or animals) are also important risk factors for disease transmission. Infection with this parasite leads to nutrient malabsorption and severe diarrhoea in adults and children. Infections in children have been shown to have a negative impact on growth and development, and giardiasis has been recognized as a ‘neglected disease’ by the World Health Organization. Once thought to be a parasite with broad host range, recent molecular evidence suggests that G. intestinalis may display a certain degree of host specificity, reigniting historical debates about the zoonotic potential of this parasite. These findings have major implications for understanding disease transmission and public health intervention measures aimed at controlling this important cosmopolitan parasite.
Active Learning Plus Deep Learning Can Establish Cost-Effective and Robust Model for Multichannel Image: A Case on Hyperspectral Image Classification

Relying on large scale labeled datasets, deep learning has achieved good performance in image classification tasks. In agricultural and biological engineering, image annotation is time-consuming and expensive. It also requires annotators to have technical skills in specific areas. Obtaining the ground truth is difficult because natural images are expensive. In addition, images in these areas are usually stored as multichannel images, such as computed tomography (CT) images, magnetic resonance images (MRI), and hyperspectral images (HSI). In this paper, we present a framework using active learning and deep learning for multichannel image classification. We use three active learning algorithms, including least confidence, margin sampling, and entropy, as the selection criteria. Based on this framework, we further introduce an “image pool” to make full advantage of images generated by data augmentation. To prove the availability of the proposed framework, we present a case study on agricultural hyperspectral image classification. The results show that the proposed framework achieves better performance compared with the deep learning model. Manual annotation of all the training sets achieves an encouraging accuracy. In comparison, using active learning algorithm of entropy and image pool achieves a similar accuracy with only part of the whole training set manually annotated. In practical application, the proposed framework can remarkably reduce labeling effort during the model development and upadting processes, and can be applied to multichannel image classification in agricultural and biological engineering.
Using attribution theory to explore the reasons adults with hearing loss do not use their hearing aids

Hearing aids are an effective treatment for individuals with hearing loss that have been shown to dampen (and sometime ameliorate) the negative effects of hearing loss. Despite the devices’ efficacy, many reject hearing aids as a form of treatment. In the present qualitative study, we explored the reasons for hearing aid non-use in the United States that emerged from the stories of adults with hearing loss who do not to utilize hearing aids. We specifically used thematic analysis in concert with an attribution theory framework to identify and analyze recurring themes and reasons throughout these individuals’ narratives. A total of nine themes describing reasons of hearing aid non-use emerged. Four reasons were internally motivated: (1) non-necessity, (2) stigmatization, (3) lack of integration into daily living, and (4) unreadiness due to lack of education; five reasons were externally motivated: (5) discomfort, (6) financial setback, (7) burden, (8) professional distrust, and (9) priority setting. These findings contribute to the field of hearing healthcare by providing professionals with insight into reasons that people across the provided when recounting their experiences following the diagnosis of hearing loss, prescription for hearing aids, and their hearing aid non-use. These findings are an important step toward the development of more effective, person-centered hearing healthcare that can best address these individuals’ concerns and expectations surrounding hearing loss and hearing aids.
Fabrication of Promising Antimicrobial Aloe Vera/PVA Electrospun Nanofibers for Protective Clothing

In the present condition of COVID-19, the demand for antimicrobial products such as face masks and surgical gowns has increased. Because of this increasing demand, there is a need to conduct a study on the development of antimicrobial material. Therefore, this study was conducted on the development of Aloe Vera and Polyvinyl Alcohol (AV/PVA) electrospun nanofibers. Four different fibers were developed by varying the concentrations of Aloe vera (0.5%, 1.5%, 2.5%, and 3%) while maintaining the concentration of PVA constant. The developed samples were subjected to different characterization techniques such as SEM, FTIR, XRD, TGA, and ICP studies. After that, the antimicrobial activity of the developed Aloe Vera/PVA electrospun nanofibers was checked against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. The developed nanofibers had high profile antibacterial activity against both bacteria, but showed excellent results against S. aureus bacteria as compared with E. coli. These nanofibers have potential applications in the development of surgical gowns, gloves, etc.