Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Transcription Factor, Nm23H2, Binds to and Activates the Translocated c-myc Allele in Burkitt's Lymphoma (*)

We have identified an in vivo footprint over the PuF site on the translocated c-myc allele in Burkitt's lymphoma cells. The PuF site on the silent normal c-myc allele was unoccupied. We demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay with antibody, UV cross-linking followed by SDS-gel electrophoresis, and Western analysis that Nm23H2 in B cell nuclear extracts bound to the c-myc PuF site. Transfection experiments with c-myc promoter constructs in both DHL-9 and Raji cells revealed that the PuF site functioned as a positive regulatory element in B cells with a drop in activity with mutation of this site. Access to this site is blocked in the normal silent c-myc allele; these data suggest that the Nm23H2 protein is involved in deregulation of the translocated c-myc allele in Burkitt's lymphoma cells.
Efectos de un programa de entrenamiento aeróbico de dos años de duraci6n sobre el perfil lipídico de escolares obesos

The incidence of cardiovascular risk factors and the effect of a two years aerobic training programme in 30 obese school children of both sexes (aged 6 to 12) were evaluated. Training consisted in three weekly 60min sessions of aerobic exercise aimed to atain an estimated 60 to 70% of calculated maximal heart rate, three times per week. Information about eating habits and diet was also supplied to patients and their parents. At the end of two years only seven children were still in the prograrri for evaluation. Their results were increased estimated physical work capacity at heart rate 1 70 beats per min (PWC 1 70) from 495 to 61 5 km/min; reduction of percent body fat (from 30.5 to 27.4%), of total serum cholesterol (from 181 to 148 mg/dl) and of LDL-C (from 106 to 84 mg/dli. All these changes were significant (p "CO.OB). As a conclusion, this programme improved fitness, reduced body fat as well as cardiovascular risk factors.
Can this patient read and understand written health information?

CONTEXT Patients with limited literacy are at higher risk for poor health outcomes; however, physicians' perceptions are inaccurate for identifying these patients. OBJECTIVE To systematically review the accuracy of brief instruments for identifying patients with limited literacy. DATA SOURCES Search of the English-language literature from 1969 through February 2010 using PubMed, Psychinfo, and bibliographies of selected manuscripts for articles on health literacy, numeracy, reading ability, and reading skill. STUDY SELECTION Prospective studies including adult patients 18 years or older that evaluated a brief instrument for identifying limited literacy in a health care setting compared with an accepted literacy reference standard. DATA EXTRACTION Studies were evaluated independently by 2 reviewers who each abstracted information and assigned an overall quality rating. Disagreements were adjudicated by a third reviewer. DATA SYNTHESIS Ten studies using 6 different instruments met inclusion criteria. Among multi-item measures, the Newest Vital Sign (English) performed moderately well for identifying limited literacy based on 3 studies. Among the single-item questions, asking about a patient's use of a surrogate reader, confidence filling out medical forms, and self-rated reading ability performed moderately well in identifying patients with inadequate or marginal literacy. Asking a patient, "How confident are you in filling out medical forms by yourself? " is associated with a summary likelihood ratio (LR) for limited literacy of 5.0 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.8-6.4) for an answer of "a little confident" or "not at all confident"; a summary LR of 2.2 (95% CI, 1.5-3.3) for "somewhat confident"; and a summary LR of 0.44 (95% CI, 0.24-0.82) for "quite a bit" or "extremely confident. " CONCLUSION Several single-item questions, including use of a surrogate reader and confidence with medical forms, were moderately effective for quickly identifying patients with limited literacy.
Functional modeling and constraint management in command and control: Two microworld studies

Abstract Command and control settings are increasing in complexity, and are likely to continue to do so with the envisioned increase in communication and cooperation between interdependent networked units. This paper describes two microworld studies, with a focus on a method for the management of constraints in network-based command and control. The method enables the recognition, modeling, and analysis of constraints, combining goals-means task analysis, functional modeling, essential variables analysis, and generation of constraint-based recommendations for the design of tasks and interfaces. The first microworld study utilizes an emergency management task, the second an adversarial command and control task.
Peyronie's disease: a silent consequence of diabetes mellitus.

AIM To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with Peyronie's disease (PD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS During an 8-year period, a total of 307 men seen at our outpatient clinic were diagnosed with PD. Clinical characteristics, penile deformities and the erectile status of patients with PD and DM together (n=102) were retrospectively analyzed and compared to patients with PD alone with no risk factors for systemic vascular diseases (n=97). RESULTS The prevalence of PD among men with DM and sexual dysfunction was 10.7%. The mean age of diabetic patients with PD was (55.9+/-8.9) years; in the no risk factor group it was (48.5+/-9.0) years (P < 0.05). The median duration of DM was 5 years. The majority of diabetic patients with PD (56.0%) presented in the chronic phase (P < 0.05), and they were more likely to have a severe penile deformity (>60 degrees) than the no risk factor group (P < 0.05). In the diabetic group, the most common presenting symptom was penile curvature (81.4%), followed by a palpable nodule on the shaft of the penis (22.5%) and penile pain with erection (14.7%). A total of 19.6% of patients were not aware of their penile deformities in the diabetic group. Erectile function, provided by history and in response to intracavernosal injection and a stimulation test, was significantly diminished in patients with PD and DM (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION DM probably exaggerates the fibrotic process in PD. Diabetic patients with PD have a higher risk of severe deformity and erectile dysfunction (ED). PD seems to be a silent consequence of DM and should be actively sought in diabetic men.
Effects of training intervention on non-ergonomic positions among video display terminals (VDT) users.

OBJECTIVE Substantial evidence shows an association between musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and certain work-related physical factors. One of the jobs with known ergonomic hazards is working with video display terminals (VDTs). Redesign, ergonomic improvements, and education have generally been recommended as solutions for the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders. We designed this study to assess the effects of ergonomic training on the working postures of VDT users. METHODS In an intervention study, we assessed the impact of ergonomic training on the ergonomic hazards and work postures in employees working with VDTs. Participants and their workstations were assessed by Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method before and after training. PARTICIPANTS 70 employees of an office, working with a VDT more than four hours per day entered the study. RESULTS The greatest compliance with OSHA workstation recommendations was seen with the monitor (21.4% of cases) and the least compliance with the one was the chair (10.0%). Mean RULA score before and after intervention were 5.90, and 5.07, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded from this study that training office ergonomics to the VDT users, even without changing work place components can significantly improve VDT users' behavior and ability to properly fit a workstation to him/herself.
Novel 45-Kilodalton Leptospiral Protein That Is Processed to a 31-Kilodalton Growth-Phase-Regulated Peripheral Membrane Protein

ABSTRACT Leptospiral protein antigens are of interest as potential virulence factors and as candidate serodiagnostic and immunoprotective reagents. We identified leptospiral protein antigens by screening a genomic expression library with serum from a rabbit hyperimmunized with formalin-killed, virulent Leptospira kirschneri serovar grippotyphosa. Genes expressing known outer membrane lipoproteins LipL32 and LipL41, the heat shock protein GroEL, and the α, β, and β′ subunits of RNA polymerase were isolated from the library. In addition, a new leptospiral gene that in Escherichia coli expressed a 45-kDa antigen with an amino-terminal signal peptide followed by the spirochetal lipobox Val−4-Phe−3-Asn−2-Ala−1↓Cys+1 was isolated. We designated this putative lipoprotein LipL45. Immunoblot analysis of a panel of Leptospira strains probed with LipL45 antiserum demonstrated that many low-passage strains expressed LipL45. In contrast, LipL45 was not detected in high-passage, culture-attenuated strains, suggesting that LipL45 is a virulence-associated protein. In addition, all leptospiral strains tested, irrespective of culture passage, expressed a 31-kDa antigen that was recognized by LipL45 antiserum. Southern blot and peptide mapping studies indicated that this 31-kDa antigen was derived from the carboxy terminus of LipL45; therefore, it was designated P31LipL45. Membrane fractionation studies demonstrated that P31LipL45 is a peripheral membrane protein. Finally, we found that P31LipL45 levels increased as Leptospira entered the stationary phase, indicating that P31LipL45 levels were regulated. Hamsters infected with L. kirschneri formed an antibody response to LipL45, indicating that LipL45 was expressed during infection. Furthermore, the immunohistochemistry of kidneys from infected hamsters indicated that LipL45 was expressed by L. kirschneri that colonized the renal tubule. These observations suggest that expression of LipL45 responds to environmental cues, including those encountered during infection of a mammalian host.
Spasticity Management: An Overview

Recent developments in therapeutic interventions for children with spasticity have complicated managerial decision making. A simplified paradigm for the pathophysiology of spasticity is presented, which emphasizes the ways in which treatment modalities disrupt hyperexcitable segmental spinal reflex arcs. Various techniques for the management of spasticity are reviewed, along with factors relevant to proper patient selection for therapeutic intervention. Potential goals for spasticity management are considered as are outcome measures for assessing the efficacy of these technologies. (J Child Neurol 2001;16:16-23).
Motor Deficits in Parkinsonian Reaching: Dopa-Sensitivity Influenced by Real-World Task Constraint

Parkinson's disease (PD) patients can perform many daily activities, but movement deficits are evident. Those deficits may be increased when the required movement is constrained in accuracy. Variable improvements in performance with PD medication have been demonstrated, and sensitivity to task constraint has been evident in some studies. The authors quantified both specific movement deficits and improvements for PD patients in a reaching task. PD patients (N = 8) both on and off medication showed a need for greater ongoing control in movements with higher task-accuracy constraints. Increased task-accuracy constraints further compromised movement timing and structure among PD patients who were off medication, suggesting that unmedicated PD patients may typically compensate by using more conscious control of movement, resulting in increased slowing and segmentation of components when higher task accuracy is required.
Tyrosine 785 is a major determinant of Trk‐‐substrate interaction.

Interaction of the nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor/Trk with cellular substrates was investigated by transient co‐overexpression in human 293 fibroblasts using ET‐R, a chimeric receptor consisting of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF‐R) extracellular ligand binding domain and the Trk transmembrane and intracellular signal‐generating sequences. The chimera was fully functional, and associated with and phosphorylated phospholipase C gamma (PLC gamma), ras GTPase‐activating protein (GAP) and the non‐catalytic subunit of phosphatidylinositol‐3′‐kinase, p85, in a ligand‐dependent manner. Deletion of 15 C‐terminal amino acids, including tyrosine 785 (Y‐785) abrogated receptor and substrate phosphorylation activities. Mutation of Y‐785 to phenylalanine somewhat impaired receptor phosphorylation activity, which was reflected in reduced GAP and p85 phosphorylation. In contrast, ET‐YF phosphorylation of PLC gamma was significantly reduced, while the high affinity association potential with this substrate was abrogated by this point mutation in vitro and in intact cells. Furthermore, a tyrosine‐phosphorylated synthetic C‐terminal peptide competitively inhibited Trk cytoplasmic domain association with PLC gamma. Thus, the short C‐terminal tail appears to be a crucial structural element of the Trk cytoplasmic domain, and phosphorylated Y‐785 is a major and selective interaction site for PLC gamma.
Pharmacokinetics of anti‐TNF monoclonal antibodies in inflammatory bowel disease: Adding value to current practice

Since anti‐tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antibodies were introduced to treat patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, short‐ and long‐term clinical and endoscopic endpoints can be achieved that were unreachable with conventional anti‐inflammatory agents. Although a large proportion of patients (70–90%) initially respond to the treatment, remission rates after induction are still low (20–50%) and patients are at risk to lose response to the drug over time. This inter‐individual variability in response is likely to be influenced by the observed inter‐individual variability in pharmacokinetics. By extensively reviewing the literature, we evaluated the potential role of therapeutic drug monitoring to optimize dosing of anti‐TNF drugs. Thereby we emphasize some of the pharmacokinetic cornerstones that can help to understand the observed concentration–effect relationship. After discussing some of the most commonly used assays to measure anti‐TNF drug and anti‐drug antibody concentrations, we reviewed the application of those tests and their potential clinical value in retrospective and prospective studies.
Serum soluble markers in the evaluation of treatment in human visceral leishmaniasis

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has a fatal course if not properly treated. Recovery from VL is linked to cellular immune response. Unresponsiveness to antimonial therapy reinforces the importance of determining parameters for treatment assessment. We analysed the pre‐ and post‐treatment serum levels of solubleCD4(sCD4). sCD8. SI L‐2R, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (sICAM‐1) and neopterin in groups of VL patients either responsive or not to standard antimonial therapy. Pretreatment serum levels of all markers except for sICAM‐1 were significantly higher in VL patients than in healthy subjects from the same area (P < 0 05). sICAM‐1 levels were similar in healthy controls and in VL patients refractory to antimonial therapy (p = 0 25), but significantly higher in patients responsive to treatment (p = 0.02). The comparison of pre‐ and post‐treatment concentrations showed that all markers, except sCD4 and sICAM‐1, presented a significant fall (p < 0. 05) in patients responsive to antimonial therapy. However, only neopterin presented with levels compatible with those of healthy subjects at the end of treatment (p = 0. 30). In refractory patients sICAM‐1 presented with post‐treatment levels significantly higher than the pretreatment determinations (p = 0.03). while sCD4 experienced a significant drop (p = 0. 01) All markers displayed clearly distinct behaviour according to the patient's response to therapy. This makes all soluble molecules studied suitable for use as indicators of antimonial therapy response. Additionally the comparison of pretreatment levels of the markers between responders and refractory patients to antimonial therapy showed that serum concentrations of sIL‐2R and sICAM‐1 significantly differed among these two groups (p=0.02 in each case), suggesting that they may be used in future as predictors of antimonial therapy response.
Language-Specific Articulatory Settings: Evidence from Inter-Utterance Rest Position

Abstract The possible existence of language-specific articulatory settings (underlying or default articulator positions) has long been discussed, but these have proven elusive to direct measurement. This paper presents two experiments using X-ray data of 5 English and 5 French subjects linking articulatory setting to speech rest position, which is measurable without segmental interference. Results of the first experiment show that speech rest position is significantly different across languages at 5 measurement locations in the vocal tract, and is similar to previously described language-specific articulatory settings. The second experiment shows that the accuracy of achievement of speech rest position is similar to that of a specified vowel target (/i/). These results have implications for the phonetics and phonology of neutral vowels, segmental nventories, and L2 acquisition.
A decomposition approximation for the analysis of voice/data integration

A closed-form decomposition approximation for finding the data performance in voice/data queuing systems is presented. The approximation is based on Courtois' (1977) decomposition/aggregation techniques and is applied to Senet hybrid multiplexing, movable boundary frame allocation schemes. The approximation is applied to both infinite and finite buffer systems. In the former case the approximation is valid only in the underload region and serves as an upper bound for the mean data queuing delay. In the finite buffer case it is valid for the whole data traffic range and is shown to improve as the number of channels increase, and deteriorates as the buffer size increases. For finite buffer systems upper and lower bounds for the decomposition approximation have also been derived. It is found that the lower bound is tight in the underload and low traffic region of the overload. In these same regions the decomposition approximation serves as a tight upper bound. >
A New Method for Solving Steady Flow of a Third-Grade Fluid in a Porous Half Space Based on Radial Basis Functions

In this study, flow of a third-grade non-Newtonian fluid in a porous half space has been considered. This problem is a nonlinear two-point boundary value problem (BVP) on semi-infinite interval. We find the simple solutions by using collocation points over the almost whole domain [0;∞). Our method based on radial basis functions (RBFs) which are positive definite functions. We applied this method through the integration process on the infinity boundary value and simply satisfy this condition by Gaussian, inverse quadric, and secant hyperbolic RBFs.We compare the results with solution of other methods.
Chondral Lesions of the Hip: Microfracture and Chondroplasty

Hip arthroscopy has become increasingly popular over the past several years as the techniques have evolved to be able to address both the peripheral and central compartments of the hip. The main indications for hip arthroscopy 10 years ago were diagnostic and debridement procedures such as removal of loose bodies, labral resection, synovectomy, and cartilage debridement. Advances in this field have now expanded to include reconstruction and repair of the labrum, recontouring of the acetabulum and head-neck junction, cartilage salvage, and repair and releases of the tendons around the hip joint. We detail in this article chondral injuries that occur in the hip joint and arthroscopic procedures to address these issues. We routinely perform chondroplasty in cases where there is a partial thickness tear of articular cartilage. Full thickness defects are addressed with microfracture which follows closely the guidelines established for the knee. As our understanding of chondral injuries and their causes grows, future efforts will focus on prevention.
Microneedle-mediated transdermal delivery of nanostructured lipid carriers for alkaloids from Aconitum sinomontanum

Abstract A combination method using microneedle (MN) pretreatment and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) was developed to improve the transdermal delivery of therapeutics. The MN treatment of the skin and co-administration of NLCs loaded with total alkaloids isolated from Aconitum sinomontanum (AAS–NLCs) significantly increased the skin permeation of the drugs. Fluorescence imaging confirmed that MNs could provide microchannels penetrating the stratum corneum, and delivery of NLCs through the channels led to their deeper permeation. In vivo studies showed that combination of AAS–NLCs with MNs (AAS–NLCs–MN) in transdermal delivery could improve the bioavailability and maintain stable drug concentrations in the blood. Moreover, AAS–NLCs–MN showed benefits in eliminating paw swelling, decreasing inflammation and pain, and regulating immune function in adjuvant arthritis rats. After administration of AAS–NLCs–MN, no skin irritation was observed in rabbits, and electrocardiograms of rats showed improved arrhythmia. These results indicated that the dual approach combining MN insertion and NLCs has the potential to provide safe transdermal delivery and to improve the therapeutic efficacy through sustained release of AAS.
Mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction in arsenic neurotoxicity: A review

Arsenic is a toxic metalloid present ubiquitously on earth. Since the last decade, it has gained considerable attention due to its severe neurotoxic effects. Arsenic can cross the blood–brain barrier and accumulate in different regions of the brain suggesting its role in neurological diseases. Arsenic exposure has been associated with reactive oxygen species generation, which is supposed to be one of the mechanisms of arsenic‐induced oxidative stress. Mitochondria, being the major source of reactive oxygen species generation may present an important target of arsenic toxicity. It is speculated that the proper functioning of the brain depends largely on efficient mitochondrial functions. Multiple studies have reported evidence of brain mitochondrial impairment after arsenic exposure. In this review, we have evaluated the proposed mechanisms of arsenic‐induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction. The understanding of molecular mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction may be helpful to develop therapeutic strategies against arsenic‐induced neurotoxicity. The ameliorative measures undertaken in arsenic‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction have also been highlighted. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increased expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in rat liver after common bile duct ligation

Liver disease associated with cystic fibrosis (CF) has been increasingly diagnosed and recognized as one of the major causes of death in CF during recent years. The autosomal‐recessive disorder of CF results from mutation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) that encodes the CFTR protein. Due to its existence and multifunction in biliary epithelial, over‐ or less‐expression of CFTR in the liver may play an important role in the development of CF liver disease (CFLD). The aim of current study is to investigate the expression of CFTR in the liver of common bile duct ligated (BDL) rats. After BDL, there was an increase in the abundance of CFTR mRNA and protein. Immunohistochemical staining also demonstrated an increased intensity of CFTR staining in the liver tissue section. In conclusion, there is an increased expression of CFTR in the liver after common BDL. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.