Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Habitat Use and Migration Behavior of the California Tiger Salamander

ton (San Diego Natural History Museum), Charles H. Lowe (University of Arizona) for permission to examine snakes in the herpetology collections of their respective institutions. Leslie N. Ajimine assisted with histology. ton (San Diego Natural Histo y Museum), Charles H. owe (University of Arizona) fo permission to examine snakes in the herpetology collections of their espective institutions. Leslie N. Ajimine assisted with
Adaptive passive sensor selection for maneuvering target localization and tracking using a multisensor surveillance system

Abstract This paper investigates maneuvering-target tracking problem based on a multisensor system and interacting multiple model (IMM). The estimation is performed by a novel particle filter (PF) with a capability to deal with the state-dependent noises and interference of the sensors’ coverage environment. An adaptive sensor selection algorithm, where some sensors are selected in each stage based on the signal-to-interference pulse noise ratio (SINR) and participate in the state estimation, is proposed. To deal with the effect of interference, we focus on designing and implementing the sensor selection algorithm, where a multisensor system with nonuniform arrays is derived by solving a convex optimization problem. On this basis, a nonuniform array of sensors is selected in each time interval aiming at maximizing the SINR of the received information from the undercoverage area. This would allow tracking in practical environments experiences interference. This method also is able to reduce the tracking error rate.
Caregiver Burden among the Caregivers of Older Adults with Palliative Care Needs

AIM: To examine caregiver burden among caregivers of hospitalised geriatric patients with palliative care design. METHODOLOGY: Caregivers of 330 geriatric patients with various chronic end stage diseases. They were assessed using BSFC-s questionnaire. RESULTS: Majority of caregivers were spouses (26%). Mean age group being 68.2 years. The caregiver burden across the categories was more than 60% across all the questions asked in the BSFC-s questionnaire. Maximum in the caregiver with end stage renal disease (60.3%) and minimum in the caregivers of frail elderly (50.2%). CONCLUSION: Caregiver burden was common in caregivers of geriatric patients with end stage chronic diseases. Burden was associated with the caregiver’s report of need for greater help with daily tasks but not with objective measures of the patient’s need for assistance, such as symptoms or functional status, suggesting that burden may be a measure of the caregiver’s ability to adapt to the care giving role.
Annual Variation of Spring Emergence and Breeding in Columbian Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus columbianus)

Times of breeding were documented over 6 and 7 years for two populations of Columbian ground squirrels at different elevations in southwestern Alberta, Canada. The pattern of spring emergence from hibernation at the low elevation was typical for ground squirrels; adult males emerged first, adult females slightly later, and yearlings of both sexes last. Time of conception was highly correlated with time of emergence. Breeding was always later and year-to-year variation was greater in the population at the high elevation, where snow depth in spring, an index of the time of melt-off, was correlated with breeding dates. At this site reproductive success, but not survival, was greater in years when breeding was early. At the lower site, cold temperatures in spring appeared to delay emergence and breeding, and most females emerged during periods of relatively high temperature; neither survival nor reproductive success varied consistently with time of breeding. Overall, survival was greater and reproductive success was lower in the population at the higher elevation.
Reviews of Smallholder Farmers Market Participations Decisions and It Intensity in Ethiopia

Ethiopian economy is highly dependent on agricultural sector which account for about 38.8% of national GDP, 87% of export earnings and remains the main source of employment; generating 72.7% of total employment. The market participation is a key precondition for transformation of the agriculture sector from subsistence to commercial production. Thus, empirical evidence of smallholder farmers’ participation in the market has been extensively considered for variety of agricultural products. This article reviews was based on narrative qualitative of the existed empirical literature on the market participation decision and it intensity in Ethiopia. In addition, journals, thesis, published journal, articles, government report and dissertation papers were used to satisfy the objective the article. Thus, much of the studies used econometric model to examine the factors determining and the market intensity in Ethiopia on different commodity. Therefore, several factors were revealed to have an influence on farmers’ market participation decision and it intensity. Thus, factors range from social-economic, institutional, market and external factors. Therefore, the policy makers and planners of government and NGOs must be considering when set their policy and strategy of market participation and it intensity improvement in Ethiopia.
Following a long and highly successful period as Danube News

Following a long and highly successful period as Danube News editor, Jürg Bloesch expressed his wish to focus on new activities, and on current ones he never was able to devote himself more intensively, e.g. the highly important Sturgeon topic in the Danube basin. After evolving consultation with IAD President Thomas Hein I was finally persuaded to take on the very demanding activity of editing our IAD journal Danube News. Of course my start was made easier through extremely helpful instructions by Jürg, who let me learn from his long-term experience in editing our journal, which I most gratefully acknowledge.
A Comprehensive Insight into Potential Roles of Taurine on Metabolic Variables in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review

Background: Prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as a major, non-communicable disease with increasing prevalence, is one of the major human challenges. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize current studies about the potential roles of taurine in T2DM, to identify knowledge gaps and to provide recommendations for the way forward. Methods: The literature search was performed in PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, ProQuest and Google Scholar electronic databases to December 2019. All studies investigating the impacts of taurine in T2DM which met the inclusion criteria were eligible. Results: Out of 1381 articles found in the search, 12 were included. Findings of taurine supplementation on glycemic control in T2DM showed improving effect of taurine on fasting and postprandial blood glucose, serum insulin level, insulin resistance, function of beta cells, and insulin sensitivity. But, the results for Hemoglobin A1c and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were contradictory. Also, taurine reduced total cholesterol, TG, and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, however, the evidence on high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) was insufficient. Findings didn not support antioxidative role of taurine in T2DM. Conclusion: As a whole, taurine has potential to improve glycemic status and dyslipidemia. However, more clinical trials are needed to explore precise mechanisms underlying taurine on metabolic variables, oxidative stress, and inflammatory biomarkers, according to the recommendations for future directions.
Reproductive and Oxidative Stress Toxicity of Dolutegravir-Based Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in Drosophila melanogaster

Background/Objective: Dolutegravir-based highly active antiretroviral therapy (DTG-HAART) is the preferred regimen in the management of HIV/AIDS. However, the reproductive and oxidative stress toxicity of DTG-HAART is unknown. This study was designed to investigate the reproductive and oxidative stress toxicity of DTG-HAART in Drosophila melanogaster. Materials and Methods: We performed all the experiments at the Centre of Excellence in phytomedicine Research and Development (ACEPRD), University of Jos, Nigeria, in 2019. D. melanogaster, (1-4 days old), were fed with ten different concentrations of DTG-HAART (range 15 mg -595 mg) or 1000 L distilled water per 10 g food for seven days to calculate the LD50, then treated with 93.11 mg, 46.56 mg, 23.28 mg, 11.64 mg or 1000 μL distilled water each per 10 g fly food for five days in five replicates. Subsequently, longevity, fly fecundity, and negative geotaxis Original Research Article Iorjiim et al.; JAMPS, 22(6): 26-40, 2020; Article no.JAMPS. 59200 27 evaluated. Also, activities of Acetylcholinesterase, Glutathione-S-transferase, Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, as well as Total thiol, and Malondialdehyde levels were investigated in the whole fly homogenate. Statistical values at P<0.05 were considered significant. Results: The LD50 of DTG-HAART in D. melanogaster was 106.4 mg. The result showed significantly decrease (P<0.001) in mean lifespan, fly emergence, Total thiol content, Acetylcholinesterase, Glutathione-S-transferase, Catalase, and Superoxide dismutase activities in the exposed groups compared to the unexposed. Inversely, the Malondialdehyde level in the test groups was significantly (P<0.001) elevated compared to unexposed. Conclusion: Collectively, our results suggest that DTG-HAART toxicity was associated with reproductive deficits and oxidative stress induction in D. melanogaster, here observed as reduced fly fecundity, mean lifespan, AChE activity, antioxidant parameters, and elevated MDA level. This study, thus, raised concerns for long term use of DTG-HAART by HIV patients.
Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology

This study aims to explore the antibacterial potential of a sponge-associated fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum isolated from Ternate waters, North Maluku, Eastern Indonesia. Various culture media were used to stimulate the production of secondary metabolites in T. longibrachiatum. The isolate was cultured in various media for 6-9 days. Then, the antibacterial activities of the ethyl acetate extracts were assayed against pathogenic bacteria of Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) strain (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Bacillus cereus). The results showed that all extracts had similar profiles on the thin layer chromatography. However, two of the most potent extracts were produced from the PCA and MEA media for 9 days. These extracts inhibited methicillinresistant S. aureus (MRSA) (12.48 mm and 12.27 mm); B. cereus (12.11 mm and 12.12 mm); K. pneumoniae (12.40 mm and 10.76 mm); and P. aeruginosa (11.59 mm and 8.69 mm) at concentrations 500 g/disc. In conclusion, the fungus T. longibrachiatum that was cultured in PCA and MEA media had the potential to produce antibacterial compounds against MDR pathogens and both had similar compounds. Meanwhile, the ethyl acetate extracts from fungus cultured in the TPA and TA media were inactive against all tested bacteria.
GENE EXPRESSION PATTERN ANALYSIS FOR FORENSIC DIAGNOSIS OF SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH

Diagnosis of Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is challenging for forensic experts. In the current scenario, genetic analysis is rapidly gaining interest in forensic science. Previous studies are not only limited to using protein markers. In this regard, analysis of mRNA is also a key feature. Analysing mRNA offers insight into the diseases and mechanisms leading to death. It can also be used for forensic diagnostic purposes. This review article takes the help of this methodology to discuss about those mRNA species that can aid in the process of sudden cardiac death (SCD) diagnosis. These are mRNA encoding Heat Shock Protein (HSP), mRNA encoding Hemoglobin A1/2 & B, mRNA encoding Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDK4), mRNAs encoding Connexin 43 (Cx43) & Zonula occludens-1 (ZO1), mRNA encoding TNNI3, MYL3, TGFB1, MMP9, VEGFA and mRNA expressing Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP). Owing to the difficulty of diagnosing SCD, molecular markers are often developed that can aid in the process. Nowadays, mRNA is showing promising usefulness to supplement the process. Keywords: Sudden Cardiac Death, forensic, gene expression
SELECTIVE DUAL OREXIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS (DORAS): THE NEW PARADIGM IN TREATING INSOMNIA

The control of sleep and wakefulness is a complex process involving the coordinated activity of numerous neuronal circuits within small group of hypothalamic neurons that synthesize and release orexins (also known as hypocretins). Orexin receptor antagonists (ORA) differ from benzodiazepines and non benzodiazepines in that they have no effect on GABA and, instead of promoting sleep, these drugs inactivate wakefulness. This results in improved sleep induction and maintenance parameters without producing impairments in cognitive function and other adverse effects permitting daily use on a long-term basis with no risk of rebound insomnia or physical dependence.
CoVid-19 Pandemic: An Update Clinical Features, Diagnostic Methods, Drugs and Vaccine Race

CoViD-19 pandemic is a viral disease caused by SARS-COV-2virus and since December 2019, has spread rapidly in all the world countries; At the end of June 2020, over 10 million peoples were infected in the world and more than 500,000 deaths have been identified. Due to its fast transmission, the unavailability of drugs and vaccines and the asymptomatic patients who still spread the virus various measures were implemented to stop this virus. The studies were carried out to identify the molecular characteristics, transmission methods, origins, and all other clinical parameters necessary to eradicate it. The results have shown that CoViD-19 can be transmitted either animal-to-person or person-to-person by airborne. On March 11, 2020, world health organization (WHO) declared the CoViD-19 a pandemic, there, every concerned country has made the different health measures to stop the virus spread; the confirmed CoViD-19 patient undergoes Review Article Uwiringiyeyezu et al.; ARRB, 35(9): 96-109, 2020; Article no.ARRB. 59098 97 the validation medicals diagnostics tests to follow specific treatments as time goes staying in quarantine room of the hospital to keep away from contact with others. To treat this pandemic, the world of medicine has tried with previous treatments of other viruses with encouraging results but of course, with doubts about the success of the therapeutic effectiveness and the scientific researches continue until the development of the therapeutic medicine and the Covid-19 specific vaccine. Today, the use of anti-inflammatory drugs was reported like chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, the antiviral drugs like ritonavir, Lopinavir, ribavirin, and remdesivir and also the glycocorticoids hormones like dexaméthasone to the patients with severe CoViD-19. Different strains of this coronavirus infect humans, bats, and other mammals. Two strains of VOC-SARS have caused outbreaks of severe respiratory disease in humans: VOC-SARS, which caused an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) between 2002 and 2003, and VOC-SARS-2, which since late 2019 has caused a coronavirus disease pandemic 2019 (COVID-19). Even if today, there are not validated CoViD-19 drugs or vaccines. In This paper, we will talk about what we know until today on SARS-COV-2 and CoViD-19 pandemic particularly the clinical symptoms, transmissions ways, biological samples concerned by SARS-COV-2 infection, medicals laboratories parameters in CoViD-19 cases, medication and medicine and molecular diagnostics methods.
In situ groundwater remediation with bioelectrochemical systems ( BES ) : a critical review and 1 future perspectives 2

In situ groundwater remediation with bioelectrochemical systems (BES): a critical review and 1 future perspectives 2 Daniele Cecconet1*, Fabrizio Sabba2, Matyas Devecseri3, Arianna Callegari1, Andrea G. Capodaglio1 3 1 Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Via Adolfo Ferrata 3, 27100 4 Pavia, Italy 5 2 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, 6 Evanston, IL, 60208, USA 7 3 Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and 8 Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111 Budapest, Hungary 9 *Corresponding author: Tel. : +39 0382 985764; e-mail: daniele.cecconet@unipv.it 10 11 12 Abstract: Groundwater contamination is an ever-growing environmental issue that has attracted much 13 and undiminished attention for the past half century. Groundwater contamination may originate from 14 both anthropogenic (e.g., hydrocarbons) and natural compounds (e.g., nitrate and arsenic); to tackle the 15 removal of these contaminants, different technologies have been developed and implemented. Recently, 16 bioelectrochemical systems (BES) have emerged as a potential treatment for groundwater 17 contamination, with reported in situ applications that showed promising results. Nitrate and 18 hydrocarbons (toluene, phenanthrene, benzene, BTEX and light PAHs) have been successfully removed, 19 due to the interaction of microbial metabolism with poised electrodes, in addition to physical migration 20 due to the electric field generated in a BES. The selection of proper BESs relies on several factors and 21 problems, such as the complexity of groundwater and subsoil environment, scale-up issues, and energy 22 requirements that need to be accounted for. Modeling efforts could help predict case scenarios and select 23 a proper design and approach, while BES-based biosensing could help monitoring remediation 24 processes. In this review, we critically analyze in situ BES applications for groundwater remediation, 25 focusing in particular on different proposed setups, and we identify and discuss the existing research 26 gaps in the field. 27 28 29
Novel method for identifying wheat leaf disease images based on differential amplification convolutional neural network

In this study, a differential amplification convolutional neural network (DACNN) was proposed and used in the identification of wheat leaf disease images with ideal accuracy. The branches added between the deep convolutional layers can amplify small differences between the real output and the expected output, which made the weight updating more sensitive to the light errors return in the backpropagation pass and significantly improved the fitting capability. Firstly, since there is no large-scale wheat leaf disease images dataset at present, the wheat leaf disease dataset was constructed which included eight kinds of wheat leaf images, and five kinds of data augmentation methods were used to expand the dataset. Secondly, DACNN combined four classifiers: Softmax, support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbor (KNN) and Random Forest to evaluate the wheat leaf disease dataset. Finally, the DACNN was compared with the models: LeNet-5, AlexNet, ZFNet and Inception V3. The extensive results demonstrate that DACNN is better than other models. The average recognition accuracy obtained on the wheat leaf disease dataset is 95.18%. Keywords: convolutional neural network, differential amplification, wheat leaf diseases, image identification DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe. 20201304.4826 Citation: Dong M P, Mu S M, Shi A J, Mu W Q, Sun W J. Novel method for identifying wheat leaf disease images based on differential amplification convolutional neural network. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2020; 13(4): 205–210.
Incidence and outcome of no flow after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in acute myocardial infarction

Background: Mechanical revascularization of the infarct-related artery (IRA) is the most effective treatment modality in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). No flow occurs in ∼8.8-10% of cases of primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) in STEMI patients. Our aim was to study actual incidence and outcome of no flow patients. Methods: Five hundred and eighty primary PCI patients were studied over a period of two years i.e. January 2016 to December 2017. Drug eluting stents were used in all cases. Majority of our patients(>90%) came 6 hours after onset of chest pain. There were many patients where there was no flow even after mechanical thrombus aspiration and pharmacological vasodilator therapy. We have studied primary outcome(mortality) of no flow in those patients. Results: There were 44 cases of no flow in our series(7.75%). Left anterior descending artery(LAD )was involved in eighteen patients. Right coronary artery(RCA) was culprit in twenty four cases. Only two cases were seen in LCX territory. One month mortality rate in no flow group was 50% and 6.25% in successful recanalization group. One year mortality was 12.5% in successful recanalization group and 66% in no flow group. Conclusion: Refractory no flow during primary PCI in STEMI is associated with high mortality and morbidity. There is no established strategy to solve this phenomenon.
Quick Fix GPS technology highlights risk to dugongs moving between protected areas

Incidental capture in fishing gear is the most serious threat to the survival of many species of marine mammals. Fisheries closures developed to protect marine mammals have tended to concentrate on areas of high marine mammal density. Movement corridors have generally been less protected because they are often unknown and difficult to detect. Seagrass meadows in Moreton and Hervey Bays in south-eastern Queensland support significant populations of dugongs Dugong dugon. Pedigree analysis based on genetic and ancillary biological data indicates that there is substantial movement of dugongs between these bays, which are separated by open surf coasts where dugongs are occasionally caught in inshore shark nets set for the protection of bathers. This bycatch suggests that the dugong movement corridor between Moreton and Hervey Bays is close to the coast, a hypothesis not confirmed by nearly 30 yr of dugong satellite tracking using platform transmitter terminal (PTT) technology. Twenty-nine dugongs were captured in seagrass habitats on the eastern banks of Moreton Bay in 2012-2014 and were fitted with Quick Fix GPS and acoustic transmitters. One animal was captured and tracked twice. Four dugongs were tracked moving from Moreton Bay to Hervey Bay covering distances of 278-338 km over 5-9 d; 1 dugong made the return journey. Three of the 4 animals travelled along and very close to the coast; the exact track of the fourth animal is uncertain. These results suggest that dugongs would benefit from netting closures that extend beyond seagrass meadows.