Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Good, the Bad and the Ugly: Statistical quality assessment of SZ detections

We examine three approaches to the problem of source classification in catalogues. Our goal is to determine the confidence with which the elements in these catalogues can be distinguished in populations on the basis of their spectral energy distribution (SED). Our analysis is based on the projection of the measurements onto a comprehensive SED model of the main signals in the considered range of frequencies. We first first consider likelihood analysis, which half way between supervised and unsupervised methods. Next, we investigate an unsupervised clustering technique. Finally, we consider a supervised classifier based on Artificial Neural Networks. We illustrate the approach and results using catalogues from various surveys. i.e., X-Rays (MCXC), optical (SDSS) and millimetric (Planck Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ)). We show that the results from the statistical classifications of the three methods are in very good agreement with each others, although the supervised neural network-based classification shows better performances allowing the best separation into populations of reliable and unreliable sources in catalogues. The latest method was applied to the SZ sources detected by the Planck satellite. It led to a classification assessing and thereby agreeing with the reliability assessment published in the Planck SZ catalogue. Our method could easily be applied to catalogues from future large survey such as SRG/eROSITA and Euclid.
COMPORTAMENTO DE BUSCA EM SISTEMAS DE RECUPERAÇÃO DE INFORMAÇÃO NA WEB

This article aimed to discuss user search behavior in information retrieval systems on the Web, highlighting the main characteristics and factors that interfere in formulating queries. The methodology adopted for this purpose included exploratory and bibliographic research, based on relevant authors in the area of Information Science, more specifically in Information Retrieval, Information Behavior and Search Behavior in Computational Systems. As main results, it was possible to identify that cognitive styles, gender and experience are individual factors that interfere in user search behavior. It was also observed that the elaborated searches have a simplified structure, containing few search terms and absence of boolean operators and modifying terms, which could be important resources to increase searches. As suggestions, new tools and search interfaces should be designed to minimize the problems observed, facilitate the elaboration of more sophisticated queries and improve the information retrieval process on the Web.
Surface modification of the bulk metallic glass

11 Zirconium based bulk metallic glasses are industrially valuable materials which 12 commercial market grows rapidly. Surface modification of these metallic glasses 13 by high-intensity lasers is relatively new and costly treatment promising great 14 advantages over classical surface processing methods. In this work we perform 15 the case study of surface modification of Zr46Cu36.8Ag9. 2Al8 metallic glass by 16 high-intensity millisecond laser beam. Our results suggest chemical deposition 17 of atmospheric oxygen and nitrogen in the laser-melted surface area and its sur18 roundings. Zirconium nitride layer was detected in the middle of laser-irradiated 19 area. Nanocrystals embedded in the amorphous matrix were also formed on the 20 surface. Overall, our findings suggest possibilities for improvement of mechani21 cal characteristics of the studied metallic glass. 22
Surgical procedures to an experimental polymicrobial sepsis: Cecal Ligation and Puncture

Sepsis is still a leading cause of death worldwide and the mechanism of shock remains to be completely understood. Several studies have aimed to evaluate the effects of several drugs and procedures in sepsis, and the most common models of this study are to challenge mice with LPS or to simulate a polymicrobial infection using a surgical procedure. Such procedure consists in exposure of the cecum by a midline laparotomy, ligature of ileocecal junction and perforation with a needle, squeezing cecum contents to the peritoneum cavity. Beyond the variations allowed by this model, the thickness of the needle used and the number of perforations seem to be an important factor, displaying different levels of sepsis severity. In this study, we used two mice strains (C57BL/6 and BALB/c) to describe the procedures of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), comparing the survival rates of mice subjected to three different thicknesses of perforation.
A phenomenological model for the intracluster medium that matches X-ray and Sunyaev–Zel'dovich observations

Cosmological hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy clusters are still challenged to produce a model for the intracluster medium that matches all aspects of current X-ray and Sunyaev-Zel'dovich observations. To facilitate such comparisons with future simulations and to enable realistic cluster population studies for modelling e.g. non-thermal emission processes, we construct a phenomenological model for the intracluster medium that is based on a representative sample of observed X-ray clusters. We create a mock galaxy cluster catalogue based on the large collisionless N-body simulation MultiDark, by assigning our gas density model to each dark matter cluster halo. Our clusters are classified as cool core and non-cool core according to a dynamical disturbance parameter. We demonstrate that our gas model matches the various observed Sunyaev-Zel'dovich and X-ray scaling relations as well as the X-ray luminosity function, thus enabling to build a reliable mock catalogue for present surveys and forecasts for future experiments. In a companion paper, we apply our catalogues to calculate non-thermal radio and gamma-ray emission of galaxy clusters. We make our cosmologically complete multifrequency mock catalogues for the (non-)thermal cluster emission at different redshifts publicly and freely available online through the MultiDark data base.
Almost symmetrical vertical growth rates above and below ground in one of the world's most productive forests

Whilst the relationships between growth strategies and leaf traits are well established in functional plant ecology, little attention has been paid to root traits in very deep soil layers. The objective of our study was to compare the vertical velocity of the above- and belowground exploration of the environment for one of the fastest-growing tree species. Fine roots were studied in a chronosequence of intensively-managed Eucalyptus plantations established on highly weathered soils. Here we show that the root front depth was accurately predicted at 85% of mean tree height for stands <20 m in height, in the absence of any physical or chemical barrier. Tree height and root front growth velocities peaked at 0.59 and 0.55 m month−1 respectively 9–10 months after planting, and decreased steadily thereafter. Fast root front displacement might provide a competitive advantage to fast-growing species in forests established on deep soils. Our study may contribute to the debate on the environmental impact of short-rotation plantation forests in the Tropics.
Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens Fed Diets Supplemented with Graded Levels of Roxazyme G

The use of exogenous enzymes as feed additives is still undergoing a lot of research. A total of three hundred and sixty unsexed three week-old Abor Acre plus strain broiler chicken were randomly allocated to four experimental dietary treatments in a completely randomized design to evaluate the effect of Roxazyme on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. The diets 1, 2, 3, and 4 ® contained 0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3% enzyme supplementation respectively. The birds were fed the experimental diets for a 35-day period during which data were obtained on feed intake, weight gain, dry matter digestibility (DMD) and feed conversion ratio. At the end of the feeding trial, ten birds were sacrificed per replicate to evaluate carcass and meat characteristics. The inclusion of the exogenous enzyme did not significantly (P>0.05) improve the average weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and DMD. The dressing percentage of birds fed the enzyme-supplemented diets was significantly (P 0.05) affect the relative weights of the kidney, gizzard, heart and the liver of all experimental birds. The flavour, tenderness and juiciness scores of the meat of birds fed the enzyme supplemented diets were significantly (P 0.05) in toughness in agreement with the sensory panel result that adjudged the meat from birds fed enzyme supplemented diets as more tender (P<0.05) than that of the control. The breast muscle of the chickens had higher cooking loss than the thigh muscle while the highest (P<0.05) cooking loss was recorded for both muscle parts of birds reared on 0.2% enzyme supplementation.
Lithium in Tufas of the Great Basin: Exploration Implications for Geothermal Energy and Lithium Resources

Lithium/magnesium, lithium/sodium, and to a lesser extent, potassium/magnesium ratios in calcium carbonate tufa columns provide a fingerprint for distinguishing tufa columns formed from thermal spring waters versus those formed from non-thermal spring waters. These ratios form the basis of the Mg/Li, Na/Li, and K/Mg fluid geothermometers commonly used in geothermal exploration, which are based on the fact that at elevated temperatures, due to mineral-fluid equilibria, lithium preferentially partitions into thermal waters relative to magnesium. Cooling of thermal waters during their ascent to the surface can lead to an imbalance in Li/Mg, Li/Na, and K/Mg ratios between fluids and host rocks which in turn can lead to preferential precipitation of lithium and potassium relative to magnesium and sodium in host minerals, thus increasing the Li/Mg and K/Mg ratios of mineral precipitates to levels higher than that normally seen in the surface environment.
Incumbency Punishment in U . S . National Politics *

We document that postwar U.S. national elections show a strong pattern of “incumbency punishment”: If the presidency has been held by a party for some time, that party tends to lose seats in Congress. A model of partisan politics with policy inertia and elections is presented to explain this finding. We also find that the incumbency punishment comes sooner for Democrats than Republicans. Based on the observed Democratic bias in Congress (Democrats, on average, hold more seats in the House and Senate than Republicans), the model also offers an explanation for the second finding.
A Mechanistic Model for Wettability Alteration by Chemically Tuned Waterflooding in Carbonate Reservoirs

Injection of chemically tuned brines into carbonate reservoirs has been reported to enhance oil recovery by 5–30% original oil in place (OOIP) in coreflooding experiments and field tests. One proposed mechanism for this improved oil recovery (IOR) is wettability alteration of rock from oil-wet or mixed-wet to morewater-wet conditions. Modeling of wettability-alteration experiments, however, is challenging because of the complex interactions among ions in the brine and crude oil on the solid surface. In this research, we developed a multiphase and multicomponent reactive transport model that explicitly takes into account wettability alteration from these geochemical interactions in carbonate reservoirs. Published experimental data suggest that desorption of acidicoil components from rock surfaces make carbonate rocks more water-wet. One widely accepted mechanism is that sulfate (SO 4 ) replaces the adsorbed carboxylic group from the rock surface, whereas cations (Ca2þ, Mg2þ) decrease the oil-surface potential. In the proposed mechanistic model, we used a reaction network that captures the competitive surface reactions among carboxylic groups, cations, and sulfate. These reactions control the wetting fractions and contact angles, which subsequently determine the capillary pressure, relative permeabilities, and residual oil saturations. The developed model was first tuned with experimental data from the Stevns Klint chalk and then used to predict oil recovery for additional untuned experiments under a variety of conditions where IOR increased by as much as 30% OOIP, depending on salinity and oil acidity. The numerical results showed that an increase in sulfate concentration can lead to an IOR of more than 40% OOIP, whereas cations such as Ca2þ have a relatively minor effect on recovery (approximately 5% OOIP). Physical parameters, including the total surface area of the rock and the diffusion coefficients, control the rate of recovery, but not the final oil recovery. The simulation results further demonstrate that the optimum brine formulations for chalk are those with relatively abundant SO 4 (0.096 mol/kg water), moderate concentrations of cations, and low salinity (total ionic strength of less than 0.2 mol/ kg water). These findings are consistent with the experimental data reported in the literature. The new model provides a powerful tool to predict the IOR potential of chemically tuned waterflooding in carbonate reservoirs under different scenarios. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first model that explicitly and mechanistically couples multiphase flow and multicomponent surface complexation with wettability alteration and oil recovery for carbonate rocks specifically.
Prediction of phase transition in CaSiO 3 perovskite and implications for lower mantle structure L , lns

First-principles linear-response calculations were used to investigate the lattice dynamics of what is thought to be the third most abundant phase in the lower mantle, CaSiOt perovskite. The iommonly assumed cubic structure (Pm3m) was found to be dynamically unstable at all pressures, Lxhibiting unstable modes along the Brillouin zone edge from the M point to ihe R point. On the basis of these results, we predict that the ground-state structure of CaSiO, pirovskite is a distorted phase with lower than cubic symmetry. We predict that a phase transition occurs in CaSiO, perovskite within the Earth's lower mantle from the low-iemperature distorted phase to the high-temperature cubic phase. The predicted phase transition possibly explains some of the seismological observations of reflec-
The Term Structure of Bond Market Liquidity Conditional on the Economic Environment: An Analysis of Government Guaranteed Bonds

We analyze the term structure of illiquidity premiums as the difference between the yield curves of two major bond segments that are both government guaranteed but differ in their liquidity. We show that its characteristics strongly depend on the economic situation. In crisis times, illiquidity premiums are higher with the largest increase for short-term maturities. Moreover, their reaction to changes in fundamentals is only significant during crises: premiums of all maturities depend on inventory risk, short maturities are highly sensitive to liquidity preferences (flight-to-liquidity). Therefore, calibrating risk management models in normal times underestimates illiquidity risk and misjudges term structure effects.
Is the Complete Blood Count Parameters Predict Prognosis Before Treatment in Metastatic Gastric Cancer Patients

introduction: Gastric cancer is one of the leading cause of death both in men and women. More than two-thirds of the patients were diagnosed in advanced stage. Metastatic gastric cancer has a poor prognosis with a reiative 5-years-survivai rate of %7. In the previous reports, hematological parameters including ieukocyte, thrombocyte counts and ratios between them had been used as prognostic indicators in several tumor types. The aim of the current study was to determine vvhether hematological parameters tike neutrophils, iymphocyte or thrombocyte counts and thrombocyte-iymphocyte ratio (TLR), neutrophii-iymphocyte ratio (NLR) before treatment might predict survival in metastatic gastric cancer. Patients and Methods: A total of 112 patients with metastatic gastric cancer treated and followed-up from 2004 to 2008 were anaiyzed. Hematological parameters measured before treatment were obtained from patients chart and evaluated retrospectively. NLR and TLR were calculated from pre-treatment complete blood counts. Correlation betvveen parameters and survival were made by using log-rank and Kaplan-Meier tests. Results: For 112 patients with metastatic gastric cancer, 2-years survival rate and median survival time were 17% and 12 months, respectively. Although thrombocytosis (> 300.000), TLR (> 160), lymphopenia ( 2.56) had been found predict poor survival time, it was not shown statistically significant. Conclusion: In present study we could not find any significant correlation between survival and hematological parameters in patients with metastatic gastric cancer, hovevver, further studies including larger sample size may be recuired to clarify the prognostic value of pre-treatment peripheral blood counts.
Kinetics and concentration dependency of cAMP-induced desensitization of a subpopulation of surface cAMP receptors in Dictyostelium discoideum.

Extracellular cAMP induces the rapid activation of guanylate cyclase, which adapts within 10 s to constant cAMP concentrations. A new response can be induced either by a higher cAMP concentration or by the same cAMP concentration at some time (t1/2 = 90 s) after removal of the previous stimulus. Stimulation of guanylate cyclase is supposed to be mediated by a subpopulation of cell surface cAMP receptors (B-sites). These sites can exist in three states, BF, BS, and BSS, which interconvert in a cAMP and guanine nucleotide dependent manner. It has been proposed that the transition of BS to BSS represents the activation of a guanine nucleotide regulatory protein [Van Haastert, P.J.M. , De Wit, R.J.W. , Janssens, P.M. W. , Kesbeke, F. , & DeGoede, J. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 9604-9611]. Binding of [3H]cAMP to these sites was measured after a short preincubation with an identical concentration of nonradioactive cAMP. [3H]cAMP could still bind to BF and BS, but not to BSS, indicating that the transition of BS to BSS is blocked by the preincubation with cAMP. This blockade was rapid and showed first-order kinetics with t1/2 = 4 s. A half-maximal blockade was induced by 0.7 nM cAMP; at this concentration only 5% of the B-sites are occupied with cAMP. The blockade of the transition of BS to BSS was released by two conditions: (i) When the concentration of cAMP was increased, the blockade was released within a few seconds. (ii) When cAMP was removed, the blockade was released slowly with t1/2 = 90 s. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Exploitation, inequality and power

The concept of exploitation is central in social and political theory, but there is no precise, widely accepted definition. This paper analyses John Roemer’s seminal theory, which construes exploitation as a distributive injustice arising from asset inequalities, with no reference to notions of power or dominance. Firstly, an intertemporal generalisation of Roemer’s static economies is set up and several doubts are raised on the claim that exploitation theory can be reduced to a kind of resource egalitarianism. Then, Roemer’s philosophical arguments that exploitation should be defined as a merely distributive concept are also questioned and it is argued that a notion of power, or dominance, is an essential part of the definition of exploitation.
Relevance Of The Modified Model For The Microwave Brightness Temperature To The TOPEX/Poseidon Satellite Altimetry Mission.

An improved model for the microwave brightness temperature seen from space over calm ocean is presented and its relevance to the TOPEX/Poseidon Altimet ry mission. This model can be divided into two sub-models, the atmospheric absorption mo del and the ocean surface emissivity model. An improved model for the absorption of the atmosphere near the 22 GHz water vapor line is described in the first part of this work. The Van-Vleck-Weis skopf line shape is used with a simple parameterized version of the model from Liebe for the water vapor absorption spectra and a scaling of the model from Rosenkranz for the 20-32 GHz oxygen absorption. Radiometric brightness temperature measurements from two sites of contrasting climatolo gical properties ─ San Diego, CA and West Palm Beach, FL ─ are used as ground truth for comparison with in situ radiosonde derived brightness temperatures. Estimation of the new model's four parameters, related to water vapor line strength, line width and continuum absorption, and far-win g oxygen absorption, are performed using the Newton inversion method. Improvements to the water vapor line strength and line width parameters are found to be statistically significant. The accuracy o f brightness temperatures computed using the improved model is 1.3-2% near 22 GHz. In the second part of this work, a modified ocean emissivity model is explained. The brightness temperature measured above the sea surface depends, among other things , on the ocean's specular emissivity. We investigate the contribution to the brightn ess temperature from the specular ocean emission. For this purpose, satellite-based radiometric measu rements from the TOPEX/Poseidon project are employed together with near-coincident radiosonde prof iles from fifteen (15) stations around the world's oceans and TOPEX altimeter measurements for filtering of low wind conditions. The radiosonde profiles are used to compute the upwelling and d ownwelling emission and the opacity of the atmosphere. The radiative transfer equation is applied to the radiosonde profiles, using the atmospheric model developed in the first part of this work, in order to account for atmospheric effects in the modeled brightness temperature. The dielectric properties of sea water are found from the modified Debye equation using salinity and sea surface temperature data from NODC ocean depth- profiles. The ocean complex permittivity model developed by Kl ein and Swift and, more recently, by Ellison is tested and revised. The average error in the modifi ed emissivity model, over the range 18- 40 GHz, is found to be 0.0037, which in terms of bright ness temperatures, translates to a model error of approximately 1K.
The Integration of Language and Content: Form-Focused Instruction in a Content-Based Language Program

This comparative, classroom-based study investigated the effect and effectiveness of introducing a focus on form approach to a content-based, occupation-specific language program for adults. Thirty-six adults in two classes participated in a 10-week study. One group of 16 adults received content-based instruction that included a focus on form component while the other group of 20 adults received the same content-based instruction with a focus on meaning only. Pre-tests/post-tests/delayed post-tests measured learning of two grammatical forms, the present conditional and the simple past tense, as well as occupational content knowledge. Results indicated significant gains on most of the language measures for both learner groups but significant advantages for the form-focused group on the content knowledge tests. The results are discussed in relation to the impact of specific strategies designed to focus on form and the relationship between attention to form and comprehension of content in the context of content-based language programs.