Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring Causes, Taxonomies, Mechanisms and Barriers Influencing Knowledge Transfer: Empirical Studies in NGOs

Knowledge transfer is one of the significant elements in the knowledge management process. Knowledge transferors share different types of knowledge with the recipients with a view to fulfilling the latter's knowledge needs. The importance of identifying the appropriate knowledge transfer mechanisms and the barriers to knowledge transfer are paramount. However, neither the knowledge management literature nor the NGO-sector literature has adequately addressed the issues of causes of knowledge transfer, taxonomies of knowledge, mechanisms and barriers of knowledge transfer in comprehensive way in the context of the Bangladeshi NGO sector. The highest number of NGOs in the world is deployed in Bangladesh. Little is known about such transfer within the NGO context based in Bangladesh. This paper makes an endeavour to bridge these grey areas of knowledge management and NGO-sector. Having collected the qualitative data from Bangladeshi NGOs and using the content analysis technique, the study identified the causes of knowledge transfer, taxonomies of knowledge, mechanisms of knowledge transfer and the barriers to knowledge transfer in the context of Bangladesh. By understanding the mechanisms and the determinants of knowledge transfer, company and NGO managers and public policy makers can influence knowledge transfer more effectively. Future researchers may extend this study by carrying out similar research in a different context.
Understanding and improving the identification of concurrently presented earcons

The use of sound to communicate information as part of a user interface has been an active research area for several years. Research has shown that sound can be concurrently presented to users to increase the bandwidth and rate of data presentation. However, when sounds are concurrently presented, they may interfere with each other, such that determining the data encoded in the sound becomes difﬁcult. Modiﬁcations to the sounds can help to avoid such interference, but due to the nature of the sounds the impact of the modiﬁcations may be constrained. This thesis investigates such interaction with concurrently presented earcons. One experiment investigates how the identiﬁcation of earcons is affected by the number concurrently presented. It was found that increasing the number of earcons concurrently presented lead to a signiﬁcant decrease in the proportion of earcons and their attributes successfully identiﬁed by participants. With identiﬁcation falling from 70% correct for one presented earcon to 30% for four concurrently presented earcons. A second experiment identiﬁed how modiﬁcations to the design and presentation of concurrently presented earcons affected their identiﬁcation. It was found that presenting each earcon with a unique timbre as well as introducing an onsettoonset delay of at least 300ms caused a signiﬁcant improvement in earcon identiﬁcation, and the timbre encoded attribute of earcons. However overall identiﬁcation levels remained low at around 30%. Two further experiments investigated the impact of spatialisation on concurrent earcon identiﬁcation. They showed that spatial presentation of earcons which did not incorporate the ﬁndings of the previous experiment signiﬁcantly improved identiﬁcation of earcons and the register encoded earcon attribute, over earcons that were not spatially presented but did incorporate the ﬁndings of the previous experiment. Another experiment showed that spatial presentation of earcons which incorporated the unique timbre and 300ms onsettoonset modiﬁcations signiﬁcantly improved the identiﬁcation of the timbre encoded earcon attribute, although overall identiﬁcation remained low. These four experiments yielded a set of guidelines for concurrent earcon presentation. Due to the nature of those experiments however, a further experiment was conducted to determine the impact of the guidelines on more ecologically valid tasks. A set of modiﬁed and unmodiﬁed earcons which represented entries in a mobile diary system were compared. Overall task accuracy remained low, although participants rated the modiﬁed earcons to require signiﬁcantly less subjective workload.
Clinical appraisal of arterial stiffness: the Argonauts in front of the Golden Fleece

Interest in evaluating arterial elastic properties has grown in parallel with the widespread availability of non-invasive methods for assessing arterial stiffness. A clinically useful diagnostic index must be pathophysiologically relevant, must be readily measurable, and must indicate the severity of the disease and predict the corresponding risk. Interventional modification of this index must parallel disease regression and benefit prognosis. The current evidence for the clinical value of estimating arterial stiffness (mainly of large, elastic-type arteries, such as the aorta and the carotids) in the contemporary era of cardiovascular medicine is reviewed.
Genetics in psychiatry: Are the promises met?

Abstract Objectives. Psychiatric disorders are among the most heritable common disorders, and for more than 20 years researchers have tried to unravel genetic susceptibility genes. This review briefly outlines the pros and cons of genetic approaches, important advances and possible future directions for readers not familiar with genetic studies. Methods. In this article the results of 20 years molecular genetics in psychiatry are shortly and critically summarized on the basis of important reviews and meta-analyses of the last decade, without describing and enumerating the different findings (see special reviews). Results. Conventional linkage and candidate association studies revealed numerous, but also inconsistent and sometimes contradictory results. The reasons are assumed to include the complexity of the disorder with interaction of several genes of small effects, lack of a valid phenotype, and invalid statistical and methodological issues. Recent systematic genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have reported association of some common variants for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. However, the risk conferred by these variants is small and genome-wide significance is rare. Also structural variations might be important, and interesting data are arising from copy-number-variations (CNVs). Conclusions. Although the new data from GWAS are promising, they still do not meet our initial expectations, identifying a “susceptibility gene”. However, they opened new aspects concerning aetiology of psychoses, and the incorporation of new approaches, as epigenetics, or gene-environmet interaction, is needed in future study designs.
Equivalent width Measurements in Optical Spectra of Galaxies in Local Clusters: Hints On the Star Formation History in Clusters

Abstract Equivalent widths of spectral lines in the optical spectra of galaxies are commonly used to characterize their stellar populations and to get some insight on their evolution. Here we describe a new method to measure automatically equivalent widths of spectral lines with a good accuracy. This makes possible to classify galaxies according to the presence/absence and intensity of [O II] and Hδ lines. Based on these classification criteria, we give a description of the characteristics of the star-forming and post-starburst galaxies in local clusters, and their dependence on the cluster characteristics.
PHYLOGEOGRAPHY AND HISTORICAL ECOLOGY OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC INTERTIDAL

Abstract Recent glaciation covered the full extent of rocky intertidal habitat along the coasts of New England and the Canadian Maritimes. To test whether this glaciation in fact caused wholesale extinction of obligate rocky intertidal invertebrates, and thus required a recolonization from Europe, we compared American and European populations using allelic diversity and techniques adapted from coalescent theory. Mitochondrial DNA sequences were collected from amphi-Atlantic populations of three cold-temperate obligate rocky intertidal species (a barnacle, Semibalanus balanoides, and two gastropods, Nucella lapillus and Littorina obtusata) and three cold-temperate habitat generalist species (a seastar, Asterias rubens; a mussel, Mytilus edulis, and an isopod, Idotea balthica). For many of these species we were able to estimate the lineage-specific mutation rate based on trans-Arctic divergences between Pacific and Atlantic taxa. These data indicate that some obligate rocky intertidal taxa have colonized New England from European populations. However, the patterns of persistence in North America indicate that other life-history traits, including mechanisms of dispersal, may be more important for surviving dramatic environmental and climatic change. Corresponding Editor: R. Burton
General Unified Integral Controller With Zero Steady-State Error for Single-Phase Grid-Connected Inverters

Current regulation is crucial for operating single-phase grid-connected inverters. The challenge of the current controller is how to fast and precisely track the current with zero steady-state error. This paper proposes a novel feedback mechanism for the conventional proportional integral controller. It allows the steady-state error suppression with no need of additional complex control algorithms such as the synchronous reference frame transformation. Five alternative implementation methods are comparatively evaluated from the viewpoint of the steady-state and dynamic responses. Further, the theoretical analysis done indicates that the widely used P+Resonant control is just a special case of the proposed control solution. The time-domain simulation in MATLAB/Simulink and experimental results from a TMS320F2812 DSP-based laboratory prototypes are in good agreement, which verify the effectiveness of the proposed generalized method.
Usage and user experience of communication before and during rendezvous

This paper reports a field evaluation of the mobile phone as a ‘package’ of device and services. The evaluation compares 44 university students' usage and user experience of communication before and during rendezvous. During a rendezvous (en route), students rated many aspects of the experience of phone use less favourably than before a rendezvous (prior to departure). This impairment of experience is attributed to the cumulative effect of various adverse factors that occur more often during rendezvous—incomplete network coverage, environmental noise, multiple task performance, time pressure, conflict with social norms, and conflict with preferred life-paths. Also, during a rendezvous, students were more likely to use the telephone, less likely to use e-mail, but equally likely to use text messaging, compared to before a rendezvous. This change in usage is attributed to the need to exchange and ground information almost instantly during a rendezvous. Implications for the design of 3G phones are discussed.
Conditional predictive inference for online surveillance of spatial disease incidence

This paper deals with the development of statistical methodology for timely detection of incident disease clusters in space and time. The increasing availability of data on both the time and the location of events enables the construction of multivariate surveillance techniques, which may enhance the ability to detect localized clusters of disease relative to the surveillance of the overall count of disease cases across the entire study region. We introduce the surveillance conditional predictive ordinate as a general Bayesian model‐based surveillance technique that allows us to detect small areas of increased disease incidence when spatial data are available. To address the problem of multiple comparisons, we incorporate a common probability that each small area signals an alarm when no change in the risk pattern of disease takes place into the analysis. We investigate the performance of the proposed surveillance technique within the framework of Bayesian hierarchical Poisson models using a simulation study. Finally, we present a case study of salmonellosis in South Carolina. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Delay Robustness of Nonlinear Internet Congestion Control Schemes

Several nonlinear Internet congestion control schemes have been proposed in the previous years based on primal and dual decompositions of convex yet centralized optimization problems that describe the bandwidth allocation problem. This design methodology uses (sub)gradient methods for the design of node/link dynamics and guarantees nominal functionality for arbitrary system sizes. In this technical note we analyze the robustness of such nonlinear schemes to the presence of multiple, non-commensurate (heterogeneous) communication delays.
On-state reliability of solid-electrolyte switch

We examined the ON-state reliability of a solid electrolyte resistive switch,named ldquoNanoBridgerdquo, for programmable logic application. We found a trade-off between turn-off current and ON-state reliability and optimized the ON conductance. Through this optimization, we obtained high durability against DC current of ~0.2 mA at 105degC for 10 years and low turn-off current less than 5 mA. NanoBridge can thus meet the requirements for programmable logic applications.
A new approach for computation of magnetic core losses in large hydro electrical generator

The predictions of the different magnetic core losses with acceptable accuracy are key parameters for temperature-rise calculations for any considered up-rate in large hydro electrical machines. In this paper, an overview of existing magnetic core loss models is reported. A new approach for the computation of the magnetic stator and rotor core loss is proposed. Finite element electromagnetic simulations were carried out on an existing hydro electrical generator rating 122.6 MVA, 13.8 kV, 60 Hz, 60 poles with 504 slots. The magnetic core losses were computed with the new proposed approach during the post processing in the stator and in the rotor. Finally, the obtained results are compared with other models and with the available test data.
RNA Binding Activity of Heterodimeric Splicing Factor U2AF: at Least One RS Domain Is Required for High-Affinity Binding

ABSTRACT The pre-mRNA splicing factor U2AF (U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle [snRNP] auxiliary factor) plays a critical role in 3′ splice site selection. U2AF binds site specifically to the intron pyrimidine tract between the branchpoint and the 3′ splice site and targets U2 snRNP to the branch site at an early step in spliceosome assembly. Human U2AF is a heterodimer composed of large (hU2AF65) and small (hU2AF35) subunits. hU2AF65 contains an arginine-serine-rich (RS) domain and three RNA recognition motifs (RRMs). hU2AF35 has a degenerate RRM and a carboxyl-terminal RS domain. Genetic studies have recently shown that the RS domains on the Drosophila U2AF subunit homologs are each inessential and might have redundant functions in vivo. The site-specific pyrimidine tract binding activity of the U2AF heterodimer has previously been assigned to hU2AF65. While the requirement for the three RRMs on hU2AF65 is firmly established, a role for the large-subunit RS domain in RNA binding remains unresolved. We have analyzed the RNA binding activity of the U2AF heterodimer in vitro. When theDrosophila small-subunit homolog (dU2AF38) was complexed with the large-subunit (dU2AF50) pyrimidine tract, RNA binding activity increased 20-fold over that of free dU2AF50. We detected a similar increase in RNA binding activity when we compared the human U2AF heterodimer and hU2AF65. Surprisingly, the RS domain on dU2AF38was necessary for the increased binding activity of the dU2AF heterodimer. In addition, removal of the RS domain from theDrosophila large-subunit monomer (dU2AF50ΔRS) severely impaired its binding activity. However, if the dU2AF38 RS domain was supplied in a complex with dU2AF50ΔRS, high-affinity binding was restored. These results suggest that the presence of one RS domain of U2AF, on either the large or small subunit, promotes high-affinity pyrimidine tract RNA binding activity, consistent with redundant roles for the U2AF RS domains in vivo.
Application of PHEVs in controlling voltage and frequency of autonomous microgrids

In this paper, an attempt has been made to introduce a new control strategy including Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) and Diesel engine generator to control the voltage and frequency of autonomous microgrids. The proposed control strategy has multiple advantages over the recent control methods in microgrids. The proposed method applies the primary and secondary frequency control strategy, simultaneously. However the secondary voltage control scheme is obligatory. In present study, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) has been implemented for training and validating the advanced droop control (ADC). After ADC unit training, the inverter based DG can be installed in complex microgrids consist of several DGs and loads. Simulation results indicate the effectiveness and applicability of proposed method in controlling the voltage and frequency in autonomous microgrids.
Trajectory Planning for an Exoskeleton for Lower Limbs based on Torso Movements

This paper presents a gait-pattern selection algorithm for exoskeletons based on the Zero Moment Point criterion. The proposed exoskeleton is developed for lower limbs and based on a commercially available orthosis. The step length and duration are considered as the selection parameters. First, these parameters are selected by the designer and a online controller based on the ZMP is implemented to generate stable trajectory for the exoskeleton. In the second strategy, the trajectory parameters are computed trough the torso movements generated by the patient intention of changing the gait-pattern. To test this selection method, it is proposed the principle of co-simulation where the degree of freedom of interest (hip) is replaced by a real motor. In this case, it is possible to apply real disturbances and make real measurements of the user intention.
Haemorrhagic shock therapy

Background: Severe injury is often associated with haemorrhagic shock and this is the most common cause of preventable mortality after injury. Care of the injured patient in shock involves an overlapping continuum of care beginning during the prehospital phase of care and extending through the interventional and critical care phases. Objective: This study aimed to review emerging therapies in the treatment of haemorrhagic shock. Methods: A review of recent clinical articles (1996 – 2007) examining therapeutic measures for haemorrhagic shock treatment was undertaken. Conclusions: Although the mainstay of therapy continues to be obtaining haemostasis and restoring tissue perfusion, a multitude of novel strategies are emerging, including advanced haemostatic agents, hypertonic resuscitation and massive transfusion protocols, as well as blood substitutes and an improved understanding of damage control principles, thereby allowing increased survival and improved outcomes in the severely injured patient with major haemorrhage.
A Nearly Linear-Time Approximation Scheme for the Euclidean k-Median Problem

This paper provides a randomized approximation scheme for the $k$-median problem when the input points lie in the $d$-dimensional Euclidean space. The worst-case running time is $O(2^{O((\log(1/\epsilon) / \varepsilon)^{d-1})} n \log^{d+6} n ),$ which is nearly linear for any fixed $\varepsilon$ and $d$. Moreover, our method provides the first polynomial-time approximation scheme for and uncapacitated facility location instances in $d$-dimensional Euclidean space for any fixed $d > 2. $ Our work extends techniques introduced originally by Arora for the Euclidean traveling salesman problem (TSP). To obtain the improvement we develop a structure theorem to describe hierarchical decomposition of solutions. The theorem is based on an adaptive decomposition scheme, which guesses at every level of the hierarchy the structure of the optimal solution and accordingly modifies the parameters of the decomposition. We believe that our methodology is of independent interest and may find applications to further geometric problems.
5‐FLUOROURACIL‐INDUCED ERYTHEMA MULTIFORME

Erythema multiforme is an immunologically mediated skin reaction to a foreign antigen and can occur with many drugs. We report the first two cases of erythema multiforme induced by 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU). The first case was in a man with inoperable gastric carcinoma being treated by continual infusion who developed the classic rash involving the neck and upper chest, along with mouth ulceration and plantar‐palmar erythrodysaesthesia. Histological confirmation was made by skin biopsy and the lesions resolved spontaneously. They recurred on restarting 5‐FU. The second case was in a woman being given adjuvant bolus 5‐FU and folinic acid for Duke's C colon cancer who developed the rash during the first cycle. Again, the lesions settled spontaneously but recurred more severely on the second cycle. When treatment was changed to the specific thymidylate synthase inhibitor, raltitrexed, the course was completed uneventfully.
Mode 3 Technologies and the Evolution of Modern Humans

The origins and evolution of modern humans has been the dominant interest in palaeoanthropology for the last decade, and much archaeological interpretation has been structured around the various issues associated with whether humans have a recent African origin or a more ancient one. While the archaeological record has been used to support or refute various aspects of the theories, and to provide a behavioural framework for different biological models, there has been little attempt to employ the evidence of stone tool technology to unravel phylogenetic relationships. Here we examine the evidence that the evolution of modern humans is integrally related to the development of the Upper Palaeolithic and similar technologies, and conclude that there is only a weak relationship. In contrast there is a strong association between the evolution and spread of modern humans and Grahame Clark's Mode 3 technologies (the Middle Stone Age/Palaeolithic). The implications of this for the evolution of Neanderthals, the multiple pattern of human dispersals, and the nature of cognitive evolution, are considered.
Disorganized somatotopy in the putamen of patients with focal hand dystonia

Objective: To explore the selectivity of neuronal somatotopic representation in the striatum of patients with unilateral task-specific dystonia of the right arm. Materials and Methods: The authors used fMRI in 14 right-handed dystonic subjects to examine putaminal organization. Subjects performed flexion/extension of the right and left fingers and toes, and contraction of the lips. Results: Compared to healthy volunteer subjects, dystonic subjects had altered somatotopic organization in the left putamen, contralateral to the affected hand. Disease severity correlated with underactivation and decreased distance between right hand and lip representations. In the right putamen, ipsilateral to the affected hand, the somatotopic organization was not altered but disease severity also correlated with reduced distances between limbs. Conclusion: In dystonia there may be a dedifferentiation of the normally segregated cortico-subcortical sensorimotor maps in the putamen, which may contribute to the loss of functional selectivity of muscle activity observed in these dystonic subjects.
Prior frozen storage enhances the effect of edible coatings against Listeria monocytogenes on cold‐smoked salmon during subsequent refrigerated storage

Aims: Listeria monocytogenes is a major safety concern for ready‐to‐eat foods. The overall objective of this study was to investigate whether prior frozen storage could enhance the efficacy of edible coatings against L. monocytogenes on cold‐smoked salmon during subsequent refrigerated storage.