Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Infection of the gonads of Glaucosoma hebraicum by the nematode Philometra lateolabracis: occurrence and host response

The prevalence of infection of the West Australian dhufish Glaucosoma hebraicum off the lower west coast of Australia by Philometra lateolabracis was greater among females than males, which contrasts with the situation with Pagrus auratus in waters off New Zealand, Live P. iateolabracis were represented solely by females and were found only in the gonads of fish of mature size (L50 at first maturity=c. 300 mm) caught between December and April and thus during the spawning period of dhufish. Since the gonads were largest during that period, they, and particularly ovaries, would provide an abundant food source in the form of blood. The prevalence of the parasite (live+dead individuals) increased with host body size to reach a maximum of c. 80% in the 700-799 mm length class of females and c. 50% in the largest length class of males. During the spawning period of G. hebraicum, P. lateolabracis developed from small, non-gravid females to large gravid females, representing an increase in mass of more than 200 times. The maximum length of P. lateolabracis (470 mm) in G. hebraicum is the greatest yet recorded for this species. Gonadosomatic indices provided no evidence that infection by P. lateolabracis leads to a conspicuous atrophy of the ovaries, which contrasts with the situation with the gonads of some of the teleosts infected by Philometra species, and presumably reflects, in part, the small volume of the ovary occupied by P. lateolabracis (c. 3%) and the low intensity of infection (mean=2.0, maximum=7). Although the presence of live P. lateolabracis did not stimulate an obvious tissue response by the ovaries during the spawning period of G. hebraicum, both the dead and any live parasites that remain after spawning become encapsulated in fibrous tissue.
Rising concentrations of atmospheric CO2 have increased growth in natural stands of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides)

As atmospheric CO2 levels rise, temperate and boreal forests in the Northern Hemisphere are gaining importance as carbon sinks. Quantification of that role, however, has been difficult due to the confounding effects of climate change. Recent large‐scale experiments with quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides), a dominant species in many northern forest ecosystems, indicate that elevated CO2 levels can enhance net primary production. Field studies also reveal that droughts contribute to extensive aspen mortality. To complement this work, we analyzed how the growth of wild aspen clones in Wisconsin has responded to historical shifts in CO2 and climate, accounting for age, genotype (microsatellite heterozygosity), and other factors. Aspen growth has increased an average of 53% over the past five decades, primarily in response to the 19.2% rise in ambient CO2 levels. CO2‐induced growth is particularly enhanced during periods of high moisture availability. The analysis accounts for the highly nonlinear changes in growth rate with age, and is unaffected by sex or location sampled. Growth also increases with individual heterozygosity, but this heterozygote advantage has not changed with rising levels of CO2 or moisture. Thus, increases in future growth predicted from previous large‐scale, common‐garden work are already evident in this abundant and ecologically important tree species. Owing to aspen's role as a foundation species in many North American forest ecosystems, CO2‐stimulated growth is likely to have repercussions for numerous associated species and ecosystem processes.
Partially Supervised Word Alignment Method for Co-Extracting Opinion Target and Opinion Words with Polarity Classification

: In recent years web technologies lead to an large quantity of user generated opinion in online systems. This large amount of opinion on web make them viable for use as data sources. As e-commerce is more and more popular, the number of customer reviews related to product receives grows rapidly. Hundreds or even thousands number of reviews are in online. It is very difficult to read and to make an informed decision on whether to purchase the product. In this case Mining opinion targets and opinion words from online reviews is an important tasks. Mainly two steps are involved to extract the opinion targets and opinion words from online reviews. First detecting opinion relations among words, it is based on alignment model. Alignment process identifying online opinion relations. Next step calculate the confidence of each candidate. Finally, extracted opinion targets or opinion words with higher confidence.
Genetic improvement of litter size in pigs

Despite the low heritability (0·1) for litter size in pigs, quite high rates of genetic improvement are predicted theoretically using conventional selection methods. The highest rates are predicted from schemes with rapid generation turnover (1 year) and with selection of both males and females at breeding age on a family selection index. This index would combine litter records (two on each relative) of the dam, her full sibs and half sibs, and of the sire's dam and his full sibs and half sibs. Annual rates of genetic change of up to half a pig per litter (a proportion 0-05 of the mean) are predicted. This rate is substantially greater than the proportional rates of genetic change possible for growth and carcass traits. These predictions are fairly insensitive to maternal and rearing environmental effects which may affect litter performance. High response rates are also predicted from two-stage selection of males, first on family index as before and then on progeny test of daughters in a large artificial insemination bred population. Intense screening in a large population for females with high litter records (hyperprolific females) can be an effective way to start an improvement programme for litter size. However, continuous screening of hyperprolific females is less effective because of the long time taken to generate enough descendants needed for the next round of intense selection. Despite the high rate of genetic change possible for litter size, omission of the trait from an index which includes growth and carcass traits would result in only small losses (proportionally less than 0·05) in economic improvement of general purpose stocks under United Kingdom market conditions. However, the losses would be higher (proportionally 0·10 to 0·18) in specialized dam stocks and inclusion of litter size in an index when selecting such stocks would be worthwhile.
STABLE COEXISTENCE IN A FLUCTUATING ENVIRONMENT: AN EXPERIMENTAL DEMONSTRATION

Adding fluctuations to models of resource competition provides one solution to Hutchinson's paradox. Fundamental to fluctuation dependent mechanisms of coexistence are differential species' responses to environmental fluctuations through time. The covariance between the environment and competition this generates leads to compensatory population dynamics, now thought to be important for community stability. We tested this theory experimentally using freshwater diatoms. We measured the growth of Cyclotella pseudostelligera and Fragilaria crotonensis over a range of temperatures. Cyclotella showed a higher growth rate and higher silicate assimilation rate between 6°C and 18°C, while Fragilaria showed greater competitive ability above 18°C. These results were used to parameterize a resource competition model. Numerical simulation of this model predicted stable coexistence and compensatory dynamics under fluctuating but not constant temperature. A long-term competition experiment with Cyclotella and Fragilaria confirmed the predictions of the model. These results demonstrate the role abiotic fluctuations may play in maintaining the diversity of natural communities.
Sedative Effects of Medetomidine in Pigeons (Columba livia)

Abstract The sedative effects of medetomidine administered alone or in combination with ketamine or midazolam were evaluated in 20 adult pigeons (Columba livia). Six to 12 pigeons were randomly assigned to each of 5 treatment groups. Medetomidine administered alone (80, 150, or 200 μg/kg IM) caused effects ranging from ataxia to sternal recumbency, but the righting reflex was always retained. The level of sedation resulting from medetomidine (80 μg/kg IM) in combination with either ketamine (5 mg/kg IM) or midazolam (0.5 mg/kg IM) was variable; birds exhibited signs ranging from mild to heavy sedation. Heavy sedation was defined as loss of the righting reflex and profound muscle relaxation. Medetomidine-ketamine resulted in heavy sedation in 3 of 9 birds, whereas 5 of 12 birds were heavily sedated with medetomidine-midazolam. Atipamizole (0.5 mg/kg IM) was administered to reverse the effects of medetomidine. The length of time (mean ± SD) from atipamizole injection until loss of ataxia and return of full responsiveness ranged from 10 ± 4.0 to 17 ± 5.0 minutes with medetomidine alone. Birds sedated with medetomidine-ketamine recovered within 20 ± 12.0 minutes, and those sedated with medetomidine-midazolam recovered within 38 ± 11.0 minutes. Atipamizole was given 30 minutes after administration of medetomidine alone and medetomidine-ketamine, whereas birds given medetomidine-midazolam received atipamizole 50 minutes after administration. Medetomidine used alone or in combination with ketamine or midazolam cannot be recommended for sedation of pigeons at the dosages described in this study. Used alone, medetomidine was inadequate for restraint, and when administered with ketamine or midazolam, sedative effects were unpredictable.
A Novel Zero Discharge Intensive Seawater Recirculating System for the Culture of Marine Fish

Results are presented of a zero-discharge marine recirculating system used for the culture of gilthead seabream Spurus uurata. Operation of the system without any discharge of water and sludge was enabled by recirculation of emuent water through two separate treatment loops, an aerobic trickling filter and a predominantly anoxic sedimentation basin, followed by a fluidized bed reactor. The fish basin was stocked for the first 6 mo with red tilapia Oreochrornis niloticus X 0. uureus at an initial density of 16 kg/m3. During this period salinity was raised from 0 to 20 parts per thousand. Then, gilthead seabream, stocked at an initial density of 21 kg/m3, replaced tilapia at day 167 and were cultured for an additional 225 d. Non steady-state inorganic nitrogen transformations occurred as a result of these salinity changes. After day 210, the system operated at all times with those water quality parameters considered critical for successful operation of mariculture systems, within acceptable limits. Thus ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate concentrations did not exceed 1.0-mg total ammonia-N/ L, 0.5-mg NO,-N/L and 50-mg NO,-N/L, respectively. Sulfide levels in the fish basin were below detection limits and oxygen > 6 mg/L after the oxygen generator was added at day 315. Ammonia, produced in the fish basin and to a lesser extent in the sedimentation basin, was converted to nitrate in the aerobic trickling filter. Nitrate removal took place in the sedimentation basin and to a lesser extent in the fluidized bed reactor. Sludge, remaining in the sedimentation basin at the end of the experimental period, accounted for 9.2% of the total feed dry matter addition to the system. The system was disease-free for the entire year and fish at harvest were of good quality. Water consumption for production of 1 kg of tilapia was 93 L and 214 L for production of 1 kg of gilthead seabream. Additional growth performance data of gilthead seabream cultured in a similar but larger system are presented. During 164 d of operation of the latter system, maximum stocking densities reached 50 kg/ m3 and fish biomass production was 27.7 kg/m3. Relatively poor fish survival and growth resulted from occasional technical failures of this pilot system.
COMPARATIVE LIFE TABLE, BEHAVIOR AND COMPETITION STUDIES OF TRICHOGRAMMA BREVICAPILLUM AND T. PRETIOSUM

Life‐table studies of Trichogramma brevicapillum Pinto & Platner and Trichogramma pretiosum Riley were conducted at various fluctuating temperatures (means ± 5°), from 15 to 35°. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (r) was higher for T. brevicapillum than that for T. pretiosum at 30 and 35°, and was higher for T. pretiosum between 15 and 25°, due to differences between the 2 spp. in development, longevity, fecundity, sex ratio, and number of progeny per host egg. T. brevicapillum had a higher fecundity than T. pretiosum, but its development was slower (ca. 10%), and was retarded facultatively at temperatures of 20° and below, probably due to diapause. Ovipositional behavior of T. brevicapillum and T. pretiosum was similar, but differed in the duration of the different ovipostional activities. Superparasitization occurred by both species when the host egg supply was limited and exposed to more than 1 female simultaneously. T. pretiosum laid more eggs per host egg than T. brevicapillum at various parasite densities. When eggs were exposed to both species simultaneously, oviposition was intermediate between the number of eggs laid by each species separately. From such eggs, 24 and 76% of the emerged progeny was T. brevicapillum and T. pretiosum, respectively, and these percentages were independent of parasite density. The results may explain the distribution of T. brevicapillum and T. pretiosum in California, and may assess their fitness for mass‐release and establishment attempts.
A Novel Flavonoid Glucoside from Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl.

Eight compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate- and n-butanol-soluble fractions of the ethanolic extract of the whole plant of Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. (Orchidaceae). On the basis of spectroscopic methods, the structures of these compounds were elucidated as quercetin-7-O-β-D-[6”-O-(trans-feruloyl)]-glucopyranoside (compound 1), 8-C-p-Hydroxybenzylquercetin (compound 2), isorhamnetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (compound 3), isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (compound 4), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (compound 5), kaempferol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (compound 6), 5-hydroxy-3′,4′,7-trimethoxyflavonol-3-O-β-D-rutinoside (compound 7), and isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-rutinoside (compound 8). Of the compounds isolated, compound 1 was a new flavonoid glucoside and exhibited strong scavenging activity against the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical, whereas the ethanolic extract showed weak activity. Compounds 2–8 were obtained from this family for the first time. (Managing editor: Wei Wang)
Yersinia mollaretii sp. nov. and Yersinia bercovieri sp. nov., Formerly Called Yersinia enterocolitica Biogroups 3A and 3B

Yersinia enterocolitica biogroups 3A and 3B are biochemically, serologically, and ecologically different from biogroup 3 and other Y. enterocolitica biogroups. Both biogroup 3A and biogroup 3B can be characterized by their negative Voges-Proskauer reactions and positive reactions in tests for pyrazinamidase, acid production from mucate, proline peptidase, and acid production from D-xylose. Biogroup 3A ferments L-sorbose but not L-fucose; biogroup 3B has the opposite fermentation pattern. Deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness studies (hydroxyapatite method) indicated that biogroups 3A and 3B are two new species that are about 55% interrelated and 25 to 46% related to other Yersinia species (except Yersinia ruckeri [20 to 22%]). The names Yersinia mollaretii sp. nov. and Yersinia bercovieri sp. nov. are proposed for biogroups 3A and 3B, respectively.
Book Review

Glenn Larrabee has brought together leading US practitioners to address issues involved in assessing possibly malingered neuropsychological deficits and review detection methodologies across a range of cognitive domains. Coverage includes: a review of what it is that neurologist colleagues are looking for in their examinations; an evaluation of feigned psychiatric symptoms during neuropsychological examinations; and an appraisal of exaggerated health and injury symptomatology. In Chapter 1, after defining malingering with reference to the DSM-IV and the Slick, Sherman, and Iverson (1999) diagnostic criteria for malingered neurocognitive dysfunction (MND), Larrabee signposts issues of research design and determination of malingering base rates. In Chapter 2, along with David Berry, he raises statistical issues pertinent to evaluating effectiveness and applicability of a detection procedure. A key theme repeated in chapters throughout the book emerges here. That is, the need to obtain comprehensive data for any measure of malingering. This needs to include representative samples where there is no incentive for restriction of effort or symptom exaggeration in order to identify how and where neuropsychological dysfunction or common co-morbidities, such as depression or pain, may affect scores on the measure. Larrabee and Berry conclude that only two procedures currently have such a database, the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM; Tombaugh, 1996) and the Fake Bad Scale (FBS) from the MMPI (Lees-Haley, English, & Glenn, 1991). Boone and Lu’s Chapter 3 goes some way towards rehabilitating tests that neuropsychologists may have left on the shelf since the explosion in forced choice methodologies. These include the Rey Fifteen Items Test, Dot Counting, the “b” Test and Rey Word Recognition. Their research suggests that these tests can be useful in contributing to converging evidence where a forced choice test may have produced suspicious results. Their relative brevity and sampling across a range of cognitive domains are additional features. In Chapter 4, Christopher Grote and Julie Hook discuss forced choice NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL REHABILITATION 2009, 19 (2), 315–318
Natural and human-induced disturbance of seagrasses

Summary Many natural and human-induced events create disturbances in seagrasses throughout the world, but quantifying losses of habitat is only beginning. Over the last decade, 90000 ha of seagrass loss have been documented although the actual area lost is certainly greater. Seagrasses, an assemblage of marine flowering plant species, are valuable structural and functional components of coastal ecosystems and are currently experiencing worldwide decline. This group of plants is known to support a complex trophic food web and a detritus-based food chain, as well as to provide sediment and nutrient filtration, sediment stabilization, and breeding and nursery areas for finfish and shellfish. We define disturbance, natural or human-induced, as any event that measurably alters resources available to seagrasses so that a plant response is induced that results in degradation or loss. Applying this definition, we find a common thread in many seemingly unrelated seagrass investigations. We review reports of seagrass loss from both published and ‘grey’ literature and evaluate the types of disturbances that have caused seagrass decline and disappearance. Almost certainly more seagrass has been lost globally than has been documented or even observed, but the lack of comprehensive monitoring and seagrass. mapping makes an assessment of true loss of this resource impossible to determine. Natural disturbances that are most commonly responsible for seagrass loss include hurricanes, earthquakes, disease, and grazing by herbivores. Human activities most affecting seagrasses are those which alter water quality or clarity: nutrient and sediment loading from runoff and sewage disposal, dredging and filling, pollution, upland development, and certain fishing practices. Seagrasses depend on an adequate degree of water clarity to sustain productivity in their submerged environment. Although natural events have been responsible for both large-scale and local losses of seagrass habitat, our evaluation suggests that human population expansion is now the most serious cause of seagrass habitat loss, and specifically that increasing anthropogenic inputs to the coastal oceans are primarily responsible for the world-wide decline in seagrasses.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Evaluation of carbon sources as positive selection agents for chrysanthemum (Dendranthema × grandiflorum) transformation

Abstract Fourteen different carbon sources were evaluated using thin cell layers to determine their suitability as positive selection agents for chrysanthemum (Dendranthema × grandiflorum) transformation. The choice of carbon source is an indispensable factor in the success of organogenic (callogenic, caulogenic, rhizogenic, and to a lesser extent, somatic embryogenic) programmes in in vitro micropropagation of chrysanthemum. Using flow cytometry, histological analyses, and confirmation of flowering normality, the impact of carbon source on the qualitative and quantitative outcome and response of thin cell layers when these were placed onto organogenic media was assessed. Threshold survival levels (TSLs) could not be obtained for sucrose, fructose, or glucose. TSLs together with organ differentiation were, however, obtained for mannose (60–80 g/litre), xylose and lactose (40 g/litre), and cellulose (60–80 g/litre), although abnormal shoot formation was observed in the first of these. Xylose, lactose, and cellulose can consequently be considered potential carbon sources for positive selection systems in chrysanthemum genetic transformation.
The Potency of a Black Soybean Milk and Yellow Soybean Milk on the Level of Triglycerides in Rat (Rattus novergicus) Fed with a High Fat Diet

The aims of this study was to define the potency of a black soybean in decreasing the level of triglyceride inrat fed with a high fat diet, compared with a yellow soybean.The methods use 24th rat (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain, treated with a high fat diet for four weeks to maketriglyceride and cholesterol level increase in the blood. Samples were then devided into three groups, each contains 8thrat samples, P0 were high fat diet control rats group, treated with aquadest. The second P1 group were high fat diet ratstreated with a yellow soybean milk, and the third P₂ group were high fat diet rats treated with a black soybean milk, eachgroup were treated for three weeks. After the treatments, blood from each samples were taken to measure triglyceridelevels.TG-PAP showed that triglyceride levels in control group P0 was significantly different from those in a yellowsoybean P₁ milk group (p = 0,0) and a black soybean milk P₂ (p = 0,0), but there is no difference between a yellowand black soybean milk groups (p = 0,99). It can be concluded that a yellow and black soybean milk have equalability to lower the total triglyceride level in a high fat diet.
Book reviews

Forage legumes for temperate grasslands. By John Frame. Published in 2005 by Science Publishers Inc., Enfield, New Hampshire, USA in association with FAO. ISBNs: (FAO) 92–5–105043–0 (SPI) 1–57808–358–3. Price: US$59.00. Available for purchase at http:// www.scipub. net/agriculture/forage‐legumes‐temperate‐grasslands.html Principles and practice of soil science. By R. E. White. 4th ed. Published in 2005 by Blackwell Publishing. ISBN: 0632064552. Price: AU$98.95. (paperback) 384 p.