Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sinopsis del género Cortaderia (Poaceae) en Argentina

Astegiano, M. E. , Anton, A. M. y Connor, H. E. 1995. Synopsis of the genus Cortaderia (Poaceae) in Argentina. Darwiniana 33: 43-51. The Argentinian species of Cortaderia are listed with a key to their identification; their distri bution and characteristics of their breeding systems are discussed. The genus is represented by six species viz C. araucana Stapf, C. jabata (Lemoine ex Carriere) Stapf, C. pilosa (D' Urv.) Hack. , C. rudiuscula Stapf, C. selloana (Schult, et Schult, f.) Asch, et Graebn. and C. speciosa (Nees) Stapf. Cortaderia araucana var. fuenzalidae Acevedo is treated as a synonym of C. araucana and C. pilosa var. minima (Conert) Nicora of C. pilosa. Further, C. atacamensis (Phil.) Pilg. , listed by Acevedo for Argentina is unknown here. Gynodioecism —very rare in the Poaceae—, is the basic breeding system in Cortaderia, where pistillate (male-sterile) plants interbreed with those with perfect (hermaphrodite) flowers. Three Argentinian species have this system —C. pilosa (4x), C. araucana (8x) and C. selloana (8x). Sev eral species in sect. Cortaderia consist exclusively of apomictic plants with pistillate flowers only —C. jubata (12x), C. rudiuscula (12x) and C. speciosa occur here. INTRODUCCION En las ultimas decadas, Cortaderia ha sido es tudiado desde distintos puntos de vista, pero casi siempre aludiendo a sus sistemas reproductivos (Connor, 1974; 1979; 1981; 1983b; Verboom et al., 1994). Por otra parte, tambien Connor (1983a) y Connor & Edgar (1974) se ocuparon de resolver complejos problemas nomenclaturales al tipificar todos los nombres validos del genero; recien a partir de este trabajo se cuenta con una base confiable para entender y delimitar un buen numero de entidades, entre las que se encuen tran las que habitan en nuestro pais. Cortaderia es un pequeno genero disyunto que cuenta con alrededor de 25 especies en el mundo, la mayoria sudamericanas —desde Ve nezuela hasta Chile y Argentina austral—, unas cinco especies viven en Nueva Zelanda y solo una en Nueva Guinea (Connor, 1974). En nues tro pais se hallan representadas dos de las cua tro secciones que Conert (1961) y Connor (1974) aceptan en el genero: Sect. Cortaderia con cin co especies, y Sect. Monoaristata Conert, con su unica especie, C. pilosa. A pesar de que en Ar gentina viven unas pocas entidades, su taxono mia es complicada y, de hecho, resulta dificil identificar claramente algunos ejemplares. A ello contribuye la gran uniformidad del genero en sus caracteres morfologicos, ya que apenas existen diferencias interespecificas tanto en los organos vegetativos como en las espiguillas. Al revisar las Arundineas para la flora de Argentina, surgieron en Cortaderia novedades que creemos de interes dar a conocer, princi palmente en relacion con particularidades de los sistemas reproductivos o referidas a la pre sencia o exclusion de entidades citadas para el territorio nacional. MATERIALES Y METODOS El estudio se baso en materiales pertenecien tes a los herbarios indicados en cada caso, los * Miembro de la Carrera del Investigador Cientifico nologico del CONICET.
Of Pongo, palms and perceptions: a multidisciplinary assessment of Bornean orang-utans Pongo pygmaeus in an oil palm context

Abstract The oil palm industry is blamed for the demise of iconic species such as the orang-utan Pongo pygmaeus in Borneo but production of, and demand for, this commodity continue to expand. Therefore, a better understanding of how the orang-utan is adapting to human-transformed environments is crucial for conserving the species. Results from a combination of repeated ground transects, aerial presence/absence surveys, and interviews of workers in mature plantations of the lower Kinabatangan River floodplain (eastern Sabah) provide an overall picture of the current status of orang-utans in an established agro-industrial oil palm landscape. Our results show that orang-utans disperse into mature plantations, use oil palm trees for nesting, and feed on mature fruits. Most oil palm workers report orang-utans of all age–sex classes within the estates but fail to report any negative effect of the animals on productivity of mature palms ≥5 years. Our surveys also show that orang-utan presence in the mature oil palm landscape is correlated with proximity to natural forest patches. These results suggest that forest patches, even when small, fragmented and degraded, are required to sustain the species in human-transformed landscapes. Homogenous oil palm plantations are incompatible with viable populations of orang-utans. The cessation of further forest conversion to agriculture and the enforcement of better management practices are needed to reduce the threat of oil palm development to orang-utan survival.
Pain deproblematized

In this paper I demonstrate that the "pain problem" Dartnall claims to have discovered is in fact no problem at all. Dartnall's construction of the apparent problem, I argue, relies on an erroneous assumption of the unity of consciousness, an erroneous assumption of the simplicity of pain as a phenomenon ignoring crucial neurophysiological and neuroanatomical information, a mistaken account of introspective knowledge according to which introspection gives us inner episodes veridically and in their totality and a model of consciousness that depicts the mind as an attic of inner objects towards which attention might or might not be directed. Once these errors are dispelled, no problem remains. None the less, given the seductiveness of these errors, and the havoc they wreak in cognitive science, dispelling them is a worthwhile exercise.
Effects of nutrient additions on ecosystem carbon cycle in a Puerto Rican tropical wet forest

Wet tropical forests play a critical role in global ecosystem carbon (C) cycle, but C allocation and the response of different C pools to nutrient addition in these forests remain poorly understood. We measured soil organic carbon (SOC), litterfall, root biomass, microbial biomass and soil physical and chemical properties in a wet tropical forest from May 1996 to July 1997 following a 7‐year continuous fertilization. We found that although there was no significant difference in total SOC in the top 0–10 cm of the soils between the fertilization plots (5.42±0.18 kg m−2) and the control plots (5.27±0.22 kg m−2), the proportion of the heavy‐fraction organic C in the total SOC was significantly higher in the fertilized plots (59%) than in the control plots (46%) (P<0.05). The annual decomposition rate of fertilized leaf litter was 13% higher than that of the control leaf litter. We also found that fertilization significantly increased microbial biomass (fungi+bacteria) with 952±48 mg kg−1soil in the fertilized plots and 755±37 mg kg−1soil in the control plots. Our results suggest that fertilization in tropical forests may enhance long‐term C sequestration in the soils of tropical wet forests.
A Transformer Approach to Contextual Sarcasm Detection in Twitter

Understanding tone in Twitter posts will be increasingly important as more and more communication moves online. One of the most difficult, yet important tones to detect is sarcasm. In the past, LSTM and transformer architecture models have been used to tackle this problem. We attempt to expand upon this research, implementing LSTM, GRU, and transformer models, and exploring new methods to classify sarcasm in Twitter posts. Among these, the most successful were transformer models, most notably BERT. While we attempted a few other models described in this paper, our most successful model was an ensemble of transformer models including BERT, RoBERTa, XLNet, RoBERTa-large, and ALBERT. This research was performed in conjunction with the sarcasm detection shared task section in the Second Workshop on Figurative Language Processing, co-located with ACL 2020.
Leuconostoc amelibiosum Schillinger, Holzapfel, and Kandler 1989 Is a Later Subjective Synonym of Leuconostoc citreum Farrow, Facklam, and Collins 1989

Leuconostoc amelibiosum Schillinger, Holzapfel, and Kandler 1989 is described as a later subjective synonym of Leuconostoc citreum Farrow, Facklam, and Collins 1989 on the basis of the results of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and DNA-DNA hybridization studies. The name Leuconostoc citreum should be retained; the type strain is strain NCDO 1837 (= NRIC 1776).
Plant functional traits and environmental filters at a regional scale

Abstract. Links between plant traits and the environment, i.e. sets of plant attributes consistently associated with certain environmental conditions, are the consequence of the filtering effect of climatic, disturbance and biotic conditions. These filters determine which components of a species pool are assembled into local communities. We aimed at testing for consistent association between plant traits and climatic conditions along a steep regional gradient, divided into 13 climatically homogeneous sectors, in central-western Argentina. We analyzed 19 vegetative and regeneration traits of the 100 most abundant species along the gradient. For each trait, we tested for homogeneity of frequencies of different categories between sectors and the regional species pool, using the χ2 statistic. We rejected H0 in 71% of the pair-wise comparisons, which strongly suggests a ‘filtering effect’ of climatic factors on key plant functions. Vegetative traits were filtered more often than regeneration traits. Specific leaf area, life span, ramification, canopy height, leaf weight ratio, carbon investment into support tissue and pollination mode were the traits showing differences in the largest number of pair-wise comparisons. This is probably the first attempt to detect, on a quantitative, statistically conservative basis, consistent linkages between climatic factors and numerous plant traits, over a broad spectrum of environmental conditions and plant growth forms. We discuss the advantages and limitations of this approach in predicting vegetation structure and functioning under present environmental conditions, and those expected for the next century as a consequence of global change.
Sources of Assimilated Protein in a Specialized Tropical Frugivorous Bird, the Yellow-Throated Euphonia (Euphonia Hirundinacea)

ABSTRACT. — Most frugivorous birds must complement their diet with insects to fulfill their protein requirements; species that rely almost exclusively on fruits are rare. We used nitrogen (15N:14N) stable-isotope analysis of whole blood to quantify and compare the use of insects and fruits as sources of assimilated nitrogen in a specialized frugivorous bird, the Yellow-throated Euphonia (Euphonia hirundinacea). Nitrogen stable-isotope analysis is particularly useful for examining the relative contribution of animal and plant products as sources of assimilated nitrogen, because there is trophic enrichment of the heavier isotope in higher trophic levels of food webs. We found that most assimilated nitrogen was derived from fruits (76–100%), with a slight increase in the contribution of fruits as their abundance increased. In comparisons of bird species, δ15N values of Yellow-throated Euphonia were lower than those of insectivorous and piscivorous species but similar to the values found in seed-fruit eaters.
JACL: A Common Lisp for Developing Single-Page Web Applications

This paper demonstrates JavaScript-Assisted Common Lisp (JACL), an experimental Web-browser based implementation of an extended subset of Common Lisp. JACL, which is in the early stages of development, is an effort to explore new techniques for large-scale Single-page Web Application (SPA) development in Lisp. JACL includes an optimizing Lisp-to-JavaScript compiler and interoperates with JavaScript. JACL promotes interactive, residential development in the Web browser environment with its asynchronous reader and Chrome DevTools-based REPL client.
When is a sum of projections equal to a scalar operator?

Collections of self-adjoint operators that act on a separable complex Hilbert space H, dimH ≤ ∞, have their spectra, σ(Ak), in given finite sets Mk ⊂ R, k = 1, . , n, and are such that the sum of them is a multiple of the identity operator play an important role in analysis, algebraic geometry, representation theory, and mathematical physics (see [1, 2] and the bibliography therein). The problem of describing the set Σn of values of the parameter α for which there exists a Hilbert space H, n orthogonal projections on H, P1, . , Pn, which are operators with the spectra in {0, 1}, and such that ∑n k=1 Pk = αIH has been studied in [3, 4, 5]. The latter condition is equivalent to the fact that the ∗-algebra
SYNTHESIS, PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION AND COMPUTATIONAL STUDIES OF SOME NOVEL HYDRAZONE DERIVATIVES OF THIOPHENE CHALCONE AS ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT AGENTS

The inevitable consequence of the widespread use of antimicrobial agents has been the emergence of antibiotic resistant pathogens, functioning an ever- increasing used for new drugs. In an effort to develop antimicrobial agents a series of hydrazones derivative of thiophene were synthesized from benzylidene hydrazine and various thiophene chalcones. Benzylidene hydrazine was reacted with various thiophene chalcones with varying substitution at benzaldehyde portion of chalcones in the presence of HCl and hydrazone derivatives were synthesized. The synthesized hydrazones were characterized on the basis of basis of physical, chemical tests and spectroscopic data and were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against various bacterial and fungal strains using cup plate method using nutrient agar media and also for antioxidant activity using DPPH assay and Nitric oxide scavenging methods. Furthermore the assessment of structural similarity of the target compounds with various standard drugs was done. Evaluation of the compounds revealed remarkable antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activity.
Soluble sugar content of white spruce (Picea glauca) seeds during and after germination.

In white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench.] Voss.) seeds, the raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) provide carbon reserves for the early stages of germination prior to radicle protrusion. Some seedlots contain seeds that are dormant, failing to complete germination under optimal conditions. Since dormancy may be imposed through a metabolic block in reserve mobilization, the goal of this project was to identify any impediment to RFO mobilization in dormant relative to nondormant seeds. Desiccated seeds contain primarily, and in order of abundance on a molar basis, sucrose and the first 3 members of the RFOs, raffinose, stachyose and verbascose. Upon radicle protrusion at 25°C, the contents of RFOs decreased to low amounts in all seed parts, regardless of prior dormancy status and sucrose was metabolized to glucose and fructose, which increased in seed parts. During moist chilling at 4°C, RFO content initially decreased before stabilizing and then increasing. In seeds that did not complete germination, the synthesis of RFOs at 4°C favored verbascose, so that at the end of 14 (nondormant) or 35 (dormant) weeks, verbascose contents in megagametophytes exceeded the amount initially present in the desiccated seed. This was also true in the embryos of the dormant seedlot. In seed parts from both seedlots after months of moist chilling, stachyose amounts exceeded raffinose amounts. Upon radicle protrusion at 4°C, RFO contents decreased to amounts most similar to those present in seeds that completed germination at 25°C. Hence, the RFOs are utilized as a source of energy, regardless of the temperature at which white spruce seeds complete germination. Based on the similarity of sugar contents in seed parts between dormant and nondormant seeds that did not complete germination, differences in sugar metabolism are probably not the basis of dormancy in white spruce seeds.
Disentangling the spatial patterns in community composition of prokaryotic and eukaryotic lake plankton

We sampled 100 small lakes in Finland for bacterio‐, phyto‐, and zooplankton. The lakes were located in five drainage systems, 20 lakes for each system. We tested two main predictions: that the correlation between community similarity and geographical distance (spatial distance decay) is stronger at the across‐drainage than at the within‐drainage system scale, and that spatial distance decay is strongest for zooplankton and weakest for bacteria. We used a combination of direct ordination, multivariate statistical tests, and distance‐based approaches to examine spatial patterns in our data. Our analyses confirmed both of our predictions. Spatial distance decay was scale‐dependent; communities were overall weakly spatially structured within the drainage systems, yet distance decay was significant for all planktonic groups across drainage systems. Spatial distance decay was stronger for zooplankton, with higher slopes and shorter halving distances, than for phytoplankton and bacteria. These results provide evidence that distance decay of similarity is related to study scale, environment, and organism characteristics. Planktonic communities may be controlled by both dispersal‐driven assembly and local ecological determinism, with the balance between these two forces depending on study scale.
VERTEBRATE HERBIVORES IN MARINE AND TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS: A Nutritional Ecology Perspective

▪ Abstract The study of digestive physiology provides a framework for analyzing food resources, feeding patterns, and evolutionary trends in vertebrate herbivores. Most of the research in this field, nutritional ecology, has been focused on terrestrial herbivores, especially mammals. By integrating physiological, demographic, and evolutionary approaches, the study of terrestrial herbivores has generated several important hypotheses, notably on factors determining body mass. Marine vertebrate herbivores are abundant and locally diverse, but with the exception of reptiles and mammals, we lack information on digestive physiology and processing of plant foods, the key element in terrestrial studies. This review provides a foundation for a nutritional ecology of marine vertebrate herbivores, especially teleost fish, by summarizing the available information on their digestive physiology and identifying research priorities in the field.
Compressed-Sided Turkey Eggs

Abstract A compressed-sided (CS) egg is formed when a membraneous egg makes contact with a hard-shelled egg in the uterus. The frequency of such eggs was . 06 and 2.20% from floor- and cage-housed turkey hens, respectively. Among the caged hens, 59% of an egg-type and 28% of a meat-type strain laid at least one CS egg. Poult production from incubation of CS eggs was 19%; 28% of CS eggs with specific gravities of 1.070 to 1.090 and laid during the 3rd through 12th wk of production hatched. Eggs preceding CS eggs by less than 24 h had extra shell material; poults hatched from 45% of these eggs. Normal eggs from the caged turkeys and their half-sisters on the floor produced 63 and 75% poults, respectively. Apparent fertility of CS and normal eggs was 72 and 91%, respectively. Embryonic mortality of normal eggs was greatest after pipping. For the eggs preceding CS eggs, maximal embryonic mortality was at the time feathers appeared. Hens laying CS eggs and those laying non-CS eggs both produced approximately 72 settable eggs. Compared to hens not laying CS eggs, the layers which produced CS eggs had 2.5 more unsettable eggs, 5% lower fertility, and 9% lower percentages of poults (7 fewer poults). All of the differences were significant (P Regression coefficients were determined for some production traits on the positive number of CS eggs per dam incubated. The regression coefficients (± SE) were . 33 ± . 14 for unsettable eggs and -. 2 0 ± . 31 for normally shaped settable eggs. Fertility, percentage poults, and poult numbers had regression coefficients (± SE) of −. 45 ± . 25%, −1.20 ± . 40%, and −. 98 ± . 40 poults, respectively.
The Potential Relationship of Mental Illness, Oxidative Stress and Evolutionary Pressure Applied via Sexual Selection

Humanity can be distinguished from the rest of the animal kingdom by the prevalence of mental illness. One might wonder, given that mental disorder may a! ect 1 in 4 during adolescence/ adulthood, why the brain should be so a" icted while other organs such as liver and kidney are not. # is paper proposes two main biochemical explanations: (1) # e brain relies mainly and precariously on a single metabolic channel for energy production whereas other organs have more channel; (2) In the face of metabolic stress, much of the metabolic activity of the human brain apparently prioritizes damage limitation over the metabolic needs of healthy mental function. # is prioritization derives from an inability to synthesize vitamin C, caused by an ancient mutation. Consequential oxida- tive stress triggers a protective biochemical switch from glycolysis to the pentose phosphate pathway, resulting in critically diminished neuronal energy production and predisposition to impaired mental function and aggression. At the time of that mutation, this aggression increased successful mating and reproduction in our ancestors. However, the mutation's damaging e! ect on human neurochem- istry has led to the current pattern of psychiatric and behavioral disorder.
A Framework for Assessing the Risk of Transgenic Crops

Abstract The environmental risks of many transgenic crops can be evaluated without additional experimentation by using already available information on the biology of the crop, the presence of compatible relatives, and the transgene phenotype. The level of crop invasiveness and the location of compatible relatives can be determined by consulting local floras and the crop literature. Decisions about invasiveness can be bolstered by determining the number of weediness traits carried by the crop and its congeners. The potential impact of transgenes can be ranked by their likely effect on reproductive success, ranging from neutral to advantageous to detrimental. This scheme can identify not only the low-risk transgene–crop combinations that are safe to deploy but also those that either are too dangerous to release or require additional experimentation.
RAPD E ITS DETECTAN VARIACIÓN MOLECULAR EN POBLACIONES CHILENAS DE Beauveria bassiana RAPD and ITS reveal molecular variation of Chilean populations of Beauveria bassiana

A B S T R A C T Entomopathogenic fungi are an attractive alternative for the biological control of insects. In Chile, the Quilamapu Regional Research Center of the National Agricultural Research Institute (INIA) has collected about 400 isolates of the genus Beauveria along the country. A partial classification of this collection has been based on morphology and efficiency as biological control agents. It is necessary to complement this characterization with genetic molecular markers, to determine the level of genetic diversity in Chilean Beauveria bassiana populations and to identify banding patterns that discriminate among isolates from a representative sample of the B. bassiana collection. The analysis was done using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS)-rDNA sequences. The RAPD analysis indicated high genetic diversity among the isolates, with a 43% of similarity on the average. RAPD were more efficient at identifying isolates. On the other hand, the ITS analysis determined a lower diversity, with an 83% of similarity among the isolates. The low number of haplotypes did not allow discrimination among isolates. ITS 1 region showed a higher number of restriction sites, compared to ITS 2 region. For the two molecular markers, genetic diversity was not associated with the geographical origin of the isolates.