Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A systematic literature review

Context: Code smells tend to compromise software quality and also demand more effort by developers to maintain and evolve the application throughout its life-cycle. They have long been catalogued with corresponding mitigating solutions called refactoring operations. Researchers have argued that due to the subjectiveness of the code smells detection process, proposing an effective use of automatic support for this end is a non trivial task. Objective: This Systematic Literature Review (SLR) has a twofold goal: the first is to identify the main code smells detection techniques and tools discussed in the literature, and the second is to analyze to which extent visual techniques have been applied to support the former. Method: Over eighty primary studies indexed in major scientific repositories were identified by our search string in this SLR. Then, following existing best practices for secondary studies, we applied inclusion/exclusion criteria to select the most relevant works, extract their features and classify them. Results: We found that the most commonly used approaches to code smells detection are search-based (30.1%), metric-based (24.1%), and symptom-based approaches (19.3%). Most of the studies (83.1%) use open-source software, with the Java language occupying the first position (77.1%). In José Pereira dos Reis Iscte Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, ISTAR-Iscte, Lisboa, Portugal E-mail: jvprs@iscte-iul.pt Fernando Brito e Abreu Iscte Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, ISTAR-Iscte, Lisboa, Portugal E-mail: fba@iscte-iul.pt Glauco de Figueiredo Carneiro Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil E-mail: glauco.carneiro@unifacs.br Craig Anslow Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn, New Zealand E-mail: craig@ecs.vuw. ac.nz terms of code smells, God Class (51.8%), Feature Envy (33.7%), and Long Method (26.5%) are the most covered ones. Machine learning (ML) techniques are used in 35% of the studies, with genetic programming, decision tree, support vector machines (SVM) and association rules being the most used algorithms. Around 80% of the studies only detect code smells, without providing visualization techniques. In visualization-based approaches several methods are used, such as: city metaphors, 3D visualization techniques, interactive ambient visualization, polymetric views, or graph models. Conclusions: This paper presents an up-to-date review on the state-of-the-art techniques and tools used for code smells detection and visualization. We confirm that the detection of code smells is a non trivial task, and there is still a lot of work to be done in terms of: reducing the subjectivity associated with the definition and detection of code smells; increasing the diversity of detected code smells and of supported programming languages; constructing and sharing oracles and datasets to facilitate the replication of code smells detection and visualization techniques validation experiments.
Limit distribution of the least square estimator with observations sampled at random times driven by standard Brownian motion

Abstract In this article, we study the limit distribution of the least square estimator, properly normalized, from a regression model in which observations are assumed to be finite (αN) and sampled under two different random times. Based on the limit behavior of the characteristic function and convergence result we prove the asymptotic normality for the least square estimator. We present simulations results to illustrate our theoretical results.
980-nm DBR lasers using higher order gratings defined by i-line lithography

We report on the simultaneous definition and fabrication of Bragg gratings and ridge waveguides using wafer stepper lithography and reactive ion etching, respectively. Single-longitudinal mode emission from two-section ridge-waveguide distributed feedback lasers with sixth and seventh order gratings will be reported. This technology enables a cheap fabrication of wavelength-stabilized lasers and a simple variation of the parameters of the gratings on the wafer using optical lithography.
Information Diffusion Prediction with Latent Factor Disentanglement

Information diffusion prediction is a fundamental task which forecasts how an information item will spread among users. In recent years, deep learning based methods, especially those based on recurrent neural networks (RNNs), have achieved promising results on this task by treating infected users as sequential data. However, existing methods represent all previously infected users by a single vector and could fail to encode all necessary information for future predictions due to the mode collapse problem. To address this problem, we propose to employ the idea of disentangled representation learning, which aims to extract multiple latent factors representing different aspects of the data, for modeling the information diffusion process. Specifically, we employ a sequential attention module and a disentangled attention module to better aggregate the history information and disentangle the latent factors. Experimental results on three real-world datasets show that the proposed model SIDDA significantly outperforms state-of-the-art baseline methods by up to 14% in terms of hits@N metric, which demonstrates the effectiveness of our method.
Removal of Cr(III) from aqueous solutions using P-EAn and P-MAn/PVDF composite membranes

Abstract In this work, composite membranes were prepared by chemical polymerization of a thin layer of substitute anilines (methylaniline and ethylaniline) in the presence of an oxidant on the surface polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) membrane support sheet. Poly-N-ethylaniline (P-EAn) and poly-N-methylaniline (P-MAn)/PVDF composite membranes were obtained from this polymerization. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy studies for composite membranes confirmed substitute anilines loading on the PVDF membrane. The membrane thickness and their ion-exchange capacities were also measured. Donnan dialysis experiments were performed using P-EAn and P-MAn/PVDF composite membranes for the removal of chromium (III) from aqueous solution. The flux values (J) of Cr(III) were obtained at 25°C. The flux value of Cr(III) for P-EAn/PVDF composite membranes was higher than the other membrane because of the high ion-exchange capacity.
CompositeTasking: Understanding Images by Spatial Composition of Tasks

We define the concept of CompositeTasking as the fusion of multiple, spatially distributed tasks, for various aspects of image understanding. Learning to perform spatially distributed tasks is motivated by the frequent availability of only sparse labels across tasks, and the desire for a compact multi-tasking network. To facilitate CompositeTasking, we introduce a novel task conditioning model – a single encoder-decoder network that performs multiple, spatially varying tasks at once. The proposed network takes an image and a set of pixel-wise dense task requests as inputs, and performs the requested prediction task for each pixel. Moreover, we also learn the composition of tasks that needs to be performed according to some CompositeTasking rules, which includes the decision of where to apply which task. It not only offers us a compact network for multitasking, but also allows for task-editing. Another strength of the proposed method is demonstrated by only having to supply sparse supervision per task. The obtained results are on par with our baselines that use dense supervision and a multi-headed multi-tasking design. The source code will be made publicly available at www.github. com/nikola3794/composite-tasking.
How the emotion's type and intensity affect rumor spreading

The implication and contagion effect of emotion cannot be ignored in rumor spreading. This paper sheds light on how DMs'emotional type and intensity affect rumor spreading. Based on the theory of RDEU and evolutionary game, we construct an evolutionary game model of rumor spreading by considering emotions, which takes netizens and the government as the core subjects. Through MATLAB to simulate and reveal the influencing mechanism of DMs'emotional type and intensity on rumor spreading. The results indicate that the DMs'choice of strategy is not only affected by their own emotional preference and intensity but also affected by that of the other player in rumor spreading. Pessimism has a more significant influence on the stability of the evolutionary game than optimism, the government's emotion types are more sensitive to the game results than netizens, and the emotional intensity is proportional to the evolution speed. More importantly, some significant emotional thresholds are found, which can be used to predict the behavior of netizens, helping the government gain critical time to deal with rumors and avoid the Tacitus Trap crisis. Furthermore, the simulation results are summarized as five types: risk, opportunity, ideal, security, and opposition. We hope that this work is beneficial to the government's public governance.
Towards implantable porous silicon biosensors

Porous silicon (pSi) is a nanomaterial with salient properties for optical biosensor applications. For example, the material displays strong and tunable optical reflectance, and is highly biocompatible and biodegradable. The material is compatible with microfabrication and can be produced in the form of films, membranes and particles. Whilst pSi has been used extensively as a biosensor to accept analytes in or purified from body fluids, it has never been used as an implantable biosensor. In this paper, we advance the understanding of the requirements for pSi-based optical biosensors when incorporated under skin. Reflectance spectra from several different pSi thin film architectures were compared. The optical properties of pSi films were optimised and pSi microcavities with resonances at 850 nm were found to be the most suitable for implantable biosensors. This work will provide useful cues for researchers interested in developing implantable biosensors for human medical and veterinary applications.
Studies of high‐frequency magnetic permeability of rod‐shaped CrO2 nanoparticles

Rod‐shaped CrO2 nanoparticles with an aspect ratio of around 8:1 were studied in this work. The high‐frequency properties (complex magnetic permeability, electric permittivity and reflection coefficient) have been measured on a composite consisting of 20 vol% of rod‐shaped CrO2 nanoparticles in a non‐magnetic epoxy resin matrix. The intrinsic magnetic permeability was calculated using an analytical model derived from the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert (LLG) equation. The effective permeability of the composite consisting of rod‐shaped CrO2 particles embedded in a nonmagnetic matrix (epoxy resin) was calculated using an effective medium theory for randomly orientated ellipsoidal inclusions. The comparison of the experimental values of the effective permeability with the analytical calculation showed that a relatively good agreement was obtained when the interparticle interactions were taken into the consideration. The results showed that CrO2 have a natural resonance frequency at around 8 GHz. The microwave absorbing properties of the composite of rod‐shaped CrO2 nanoparticles and epoxy resin were studied. The calculated results of reflection coefficient indicated that the rod‐shaped CrO2 nanoparticles may be interesting for microwave absorption, particularly for the high frequency range around 10 GHz (X‐band). (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Resource Allocation for MIMO Full-Duplex Backscatter Assisted Wireless-Powered Communication Network With Finite Alphabet Inputs

With practical finite alphabet inputs, usually the throughput of a practical communication system cannot reach the capacity based on assumption of Gaussian inputs. In this paper, we study the resource allocation strategy for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) full-duplex backscatter assisted wireless-powered communication network (FD-BAWPCN) with finite alphabet inputs, to maximize the sum-throughput. Firstly, we propose a gradient-based resource allocation strategy (GBRA), which alternately optimizes the precoder and time allocation based on the two-block alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). Secondly, to reduce the computational complexity and improve the feasibility of the strategy in practical applications, we further propose a codebook-based resource allocation strategy (CBRA), which can run more than three orders of magnitude faster than GBRA at the expense of a small sum-rate degradation. Then, the performance of the full-duplex (FD) and half-duplex (HD) system with or without backscatter assistance using GBRA are compared and analyzed. Numerical results demonstrate that the GBRA strategy has great robustness under various conditions but suffers a high computational complexity, and the CBRA strategy is effective and converges speedily.
Diet-Related Thalassemia Associated with Iron Overload

Thalassemia is an inherited disease caused by the genetic disorder of ? - and ? -globin genes, resulting in ineffective erythropoiesis and chronic anemia. Transfusion-dependent ? -thalassemia patients require red cell transfusion to maintain their blood hemoglobin level in the normal range, whereas non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients increase duodenal absorption of dietary iron in an attempt to accelerate erythropoiesis. These changes give rise to iron overload, oxidative stress, organ dysfunction, and other complications. Effective iron chelators are necessary to achieve negative iron balance and to relieve such complications associated with iron overload. Some pharmaceuticals such as hydroxyurea, N-acetylcysteine, ascorbic acid, vitamin E, and glutathione are also given to thalassemia patients in order to overcome oxidative cell and tissue damage and to generate a better quality of life. Interestingly, functional natural products (such as mango, tea, caffeine, and curcumin), vegetables, and cereal (e.g., rice) are helpful for their health-providing properties by supplementing the endogenous antioxidant defensive power in the body. Natural products exhibit many pharmacological activities, but they are safer if used in the traditional manner.
RESPONSE OF EUROPEAN BREAD WHEAT TO DIFFERENT VERNALIZATION TREATMENTS UNDER THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS OF KURDISTAN-IRAQ

A factorial experiment was conducted in Kurdistan-Iraq to identify responses of European wheat varieties to vernalization treatments at 22C, 4C and -18C for two and four weeks in a Complete Randomized Block Design (CRBD) experiment with three replicates. Sabir-beg had the highest and most desired performance for most of the traits studied including grain yield. The highest spike and grain number were recorded for Hereford and Skalnige, respectively. Incubation temperatures had highly significant effects on most of the traits, including grain yield. Two weeks-vernalization at low temperature is satisfactory for vernalization of these wheat varieties. The interaction between varieties and incubation temperature produced varying effects. Grain number is mainly genotype-related. Sabir-beg×two weeks incubations had spent minimum days to flowering, followed by days to maturity. The varieties were persistent in their interaction with the incubation period. The interaction effect of 4C×four weeks incubation advanced flowering, extending flowering-maturation period to give a higher spike number. Harvest index, biomass, and grain yield were highly significant for both interactions of varieties×incubation temperature and varieties×incubation period. The three-factors interaction had a highly significant effect on most traits. The wheat varieties can be developed with more predictable responses to in vitro vernalization as an alternative to early sowing.
Iron, TIBC and Ferritin Levels Correlation with Testosterone Deficient Males in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Low serum iron and ferritin levels with an elevated TIBC are diagnostic of iron deficiency. While a low serum ferritin is virtually diagnostic of iron deficiency, a normal serum ferritin can be seen in patients who are deficient in iron and have coexistent diseases (eg, hepatitis or anemia of chronic disorders). Men with low testosterone levels have lower hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, while men with anemia of unknown etiology. Testosterone directly regulates body iron levels through inhibition of the master regulator of iron metabolism, hepcidin. In our study we studied with 30 males. 80.0% males were observed with low iron level, 100.0% found with normal ferritin level, 66.7% with normal TIBC and finally we found 96.7% males with low serum testosterone level. Keywords: Iron, TIBC, ferritin and testosterone. DOI: 10.7176/JHMN/81-10 Publication date: October 31 st 2020
Current Optimization-Based Fault-Tolerant Control of Standard Three-Phase PMSM Drives

A standard three-phase motor drive means a typical two-level voltage source inverter fed three-phase motor drive without any auxiliary circuits. Without fault-tolerant control, common open-circuit faults will cause the breakdown of the standard three-phase motor drives. Although the torque pulsation is theoretically inevitable under the open-circuit faults of standard three-phase motor drives, it's still meaningful to improve the fault-tolerant capability of standard three-phase drives to prolong the reliable operation. In this article, a current optimization based fault-tolerant control is proposed to minimize the proportion of torque loss for standard three-phase permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives under open-phase fault and open-switch fault conditions. Firstly, a two-mode current control is designed to minimize the proportion of torque loss without changing the mathematical model of the faulty motor. Secondly, a three-mode current control is proposed and combined with adjustment of pulse width to tolerate the open-switch faults. Instead of removing the faulty inverter leg directly, the remaining healthy switch in the faulty inverter leg is still utilized. In this way, the damage from torque pulsation can be relieved in the aspect of both frequency and intensity. Finally, the validity of the proposed fault-tolerant control is verified by experiments.
Simultaneous Adsorption of Calcium and Sulfate and Its Effect on Their Movement

Ion retention in variable-charge soils can be enhanced by the presence of certain ions with opposite charge, thereby influencing the movement of these ions through the soil profile. Studies examining these interactions are still incipient, however, especially regarding its modeling. We present results from batch and miscible displacement experiments describing Ca 2+ and SO 4 2- movement in a variable-charge soil from New Zealand. Evidence was found for ion-pair adsorption (IPA) of both Ca 2+ and SO 4 2- The results were modeled using the convection-dispersion equation (CDE), coupled with two different mathematical approaches proposed to account for IPA. The first approach related IPA to the single soil adsorption capacity, which is governed by particle-surface phenomena. For the second approach, IPA was related solely to the soil solution concentration. Both these approaches described the adsorption data from the batch experiment reasonably well, as well as the breakthrough curves from the miscible displacement experiments. The first approach showed better overall agreement. Significant differences were found, however, when the adsorption parameters were identified by fitting models to data from either batch or miscible displacement experiments. Although more studies are needed to better understand IPA, our results showed that the extent of IPA can be large and it should not be ignored when predicting SO 4 2- and Ca 2+ movement in variable-charge soils.
Effects of Sub Maximal Progressive Resisted Exercises on the Functional Outcome in the Institutionalised Elderly Population

Background and Purpose – Muscle weakness, particularly of lower limbs, is associated with reduced walking speed, increased risk of falls and disability in elderly. Though Progressive resisted exercises has been proved to increase muscle strength in elderly there is uncertainty about its dosage and its effect on balance, mobility and depression in elderly. The objective of the study was to know if there is any improvement in balance, mobility, depression on the Berg balance scale, Timed Up and Go test and Geriatric Depression Scales respectively after the intervention program. Methodology- After taking ethical committee permission and informed consent from participants, 38 subjects, mean age, (71.97±4.87) years, ambulatory with or without walking aid were recruited in the study from two old age homes. The study design was within group pre-post experimental design. The study was single blinded to reduce the bias. The participants were given sub maximal (30-70% of 1 R M) Progressive resisted exercises to lower limb muscles - ankle dorsiflexors, plantar flexors, hamstrings, quadriceps, hip abductors and hip extensors with free weights (in the form of sand bags). The total duration of the study was ten weeks. ACSM guidelines for strength training were followed. The outcome measures of the study were Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go test, Geriatric Depression Scale. After completion of the study, the collected data was statistically analysed. Results- Statistical analysis was done by using paired t test for Timed Up and Go test, scores of Berg balance scale and Geriatric depression scale were analysed using Wilcoxon signed rank test. All the parameters scores on Berg balance scale (z= -5.659, p = 0.00), Timed Up and Go test (t=17.66, two tailed significance of 0.00), Geriatric depression scale (z = -5.659, p=0.00) showed significant improvement post intervention. Conclusion - Sub maximal Progressive resisted exercises (30 to 70 % 1 RM) is an effective and safe exercise program to improve balance, mobility and depression in institutionalised elderly.
Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies of Lanthanide Complexes of Macrocyclic Polyamino Carboxylates

The stability constants (log K[sub LnL]) of lanthanide complexes of macrocyclic polyamino carboxylates, LnL (where Ln is Ce[sup 3+], Gd[sup 3+], and Lu[sup 3+] and L is DO3A = 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,3,7-triacetic acid and HP-DO3A = 10-(hydroxypropyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid), have been determined at 25.0 [plus minus] 0.1[degree]C and [mu] = 0.1 ((CH[sub 3])[sub 4]NCl). The stability constants of lanthanide complexes of DO3A increase with the decreasing ionic radii or increasing charge density of Ln[sup 3+]. For L = HP-DO3A, the stability constant of GdL is greater than that of CeL; however the stability constants of GdL and LuL are similar. The protonation constants, K[sub H] (M[sup [minus]1]), of the LnL complexes have been determined at 25.0 [plus minus] 0.1[degree]C and [mu] = 1.0 (NaCl), and the values are 18 [plus minus] 3 for Ce(DO3A), 115 [plus minus] 8 for Gd(DO3A), 11 [plus minus] 1 for Ce(HP-DO3A), and 240 [plus minus] 25 for Gd(HP-DO3A). The rates of acid-assisted dissociation of the protonated complexes, ML(H), have been measured at 25.0 [plus minus] 0.1[degree]C and [mu] = 1.0 (NaCl). Direct, k[sub d] (s[sup [minus]1]), and acid-assisted, k[sub 1] (M[sup [minus]1] s[sup [minus]1]), dissociation rate constants are k[sub d] = (1.8 [plus minus] 0.8) [times] 10[sup [minus]3]more » and k[sub 1] = (1.12 [plus minus] 0.04) [times] 10[sup [minus]1] for Ce(DO3A) and k[sub d] = (1.4 [plus minus] 0.2) [times] 10[sup [minus]4] and k[sub 1] = (2.00 [plus minus] 0.04) [times] 10[sup [minus]3] for Ce(HP-DO3A). The rates of dissociation of the other complexes are first order in acid at low [H[sup +]], but the rates saturate at high [H[sup +]]. 40 refs., 5 figs., 3 tabs. « less