Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive Reconstruction of the Lateral Ankle for Chronic Instability Using a Free Gracilis Graft

Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the results of a novel surgical technique for the treatment of chronic lateral ankle instability using both a direct repair of the anterior talofibular ligament and a free gracilis tendon transfer to reconstruct anatomically the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments. Methods: Between December 1998 and February 2002, 28 patients (29 ankles) underwent an anatomic reconstruction of the lateral ankle ligaments for chronic ankle instability. Patients returned for a clinical and radiologic follow-up evaluation at an average of 23 months following surgery (range, 12–52 months). Outcomes were assessed by comparison of preoperative and postoperative American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores and visual analog pain scores as well as a postoperative Karlsson score. A subjective self-assessment rating was also obtained. All patients underwent preoperative and postoperative radiographic assessment including talar tilt and anterior drawer stress radiographs. Results: Twenty-eight patients (29 ankles) (100%) returned for final evaluation. Good or excellent outcome was noted on patient subjective self-assessment, pain scores, AOFAS, and Karlsson scores at final follow-up in all patients. Ankle range of motion was not affected by lateral ankle reconstruction. The talar tilt was reduced from a mean of 13° to 3° (p < .0001) and the anterior drawer was reduced from a mean of 10 mm to 5 mm (p < .0001) by the lateral ankle ligamentous reconstruction. Conclusion: In the present study, lateral ankle reconstruction with a direct anterior talofibular ligament repair and free gracilis tendon graft augmentation resulted in a high percentage of successful results, excellent ankle stability with a minimal loss of ankle or hindfoot motion, and marked reduction of pain at an average follow-up of almost 2 years.
Musculoskeletal neck pain in children and adolescents: Risk factors and complications

Background: Neck pain is a major public health concern that has been extensively studied in adults but not in children and adolescents. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to explore musculoskeletal neck pain in children and adolescents, as well as to discuss its possible risk factors and complications. Methods: Participants were patients under 18 years of age, who had presented to the clinic (Beirut, Lebanon) in 2015, with nonspecific neck pain. They were examined and asked to evaluate and localize the pain. Neck positioning during various activities along with other complications were explored. Patients reporting pain associated with congenital or systemic diseases and fractures were excluded. Results: Two-hundred-and-seven children and adolescents presented with nonspecific neck pain. Musculoskeletal neck pain with spasm was diagnosed in 180 patients (N = 180). Participants did not show any findings on physical examination and radiological studies, and had no comorbidities. More females (57%) than males (43%) and more adolescents (60%) than children (40%) were affected. All the 180 participants (100%) reported flawed flexion of their back and neck while studying and/or using smartphones and tablets. Eye symptoms were reported in 21% of the cases, and parents of most participants (82%) reported a change in the psychological and social behavior of their children. Conclusions: Musculoskeletal neck pain is an important disease in children and adolescents with numerous risk factors contributing to its development. Increased stresses regarding the cervical spine may lead to cervical degeneration along with other developmental, medical, psychological, and social complications.
Participation of minorities in cancer research: the influence of structural, cultural, and linguistic factors.

Overall, participation rates in cancer clinical trials are very low, ranging from 3 to 20% of eligible participants. However, participation rates are especially low among the socially disadvantaged and racial/ethnic minority groups that have been historically underrepresented in clinical research. Structural factors such as study duration, treatment or intervention schedule, cost, time, followup visits, and side effects represent more of a barrier to participation among these groups compared with white, non-Hispanics. Attitudes, beliefs, perceptions, and knowledge regarding clinical research, and cultural characteristics of underrepresented minorities pose additional barriers to participation. This article focuses on the structural, cultural, and linguistic factors that affect participation in clinical cancer research for each major U.S. racial/ethnic group. Low socioeconomic status, speaking a primary language other than English, differences in communication styles, mistrust of research and the medical system, fear, embarrassment, and lack of knowledge about the origin of cancer appear to have a negative impact on clinical cancer research participation rates. Much of the information about these factors comes from studies of cancer screening because little data is available on the factors that prevent and facilitate participation of minorities in clinical cancer trials specifically. Such research is needed, and, given the heterogeneity within and between minority populations, should occur in several different geographic settings and with as many different minority subpopulations as possible.
Health status of adult long-term survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study.

CONTEXT Adult survivors of childhood cancer are at risk for medical and psychosocial sequelae that may adversely affect their health status. OBJECTIVES To compare the health status of adult survivors of childhood cancer and siblings and to identify factors associated with adverse outcomes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Health status was assessed in 9535 adult participants of the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study, a cohort of long-term survivors of childhood cancer who were diagnosed between 1970 and 1986. A randomly selected cohort of the survivors' siblings (n = 2916) served as a comparison group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Six health status domains were assessed: general health, mental health, functional status, activity limitations, cancer-related pain, and cancer-related anxiety/fears. The first 4 domains were assessed in the control group. RESULTS Survivors were significantly more likely to report adverse general health (odds ratio [OR], 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1-3.0; P<.001), mental health (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.6-2.1; P<.001), activity limitations (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 2.3-3.3; P<.001), and functional impairment (OR, 5.2; 95% CI, 4.1-6.6; P<.001), compared with siblings. Forty-four percent of survivors reported at least 1 adversely affected health status domain. Sociodemographic factors associated with reporting at least 1 adverse health status domain included being female (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.3-1.6; P<.001), lower level of educational attainment (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.8-2.2; P<.001), and annual income less than 20 000 dollars (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.6-2.1; P<.001). Relative to those survivors with childhood leukemia, an increased risk was observed for at least 1 adverse health status domain among those with bone tumors (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.8-2.5; P<.001), central nervous system tumors (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.5-2.0; P<.001), and sarcomas (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1-1.5; P =.01). CONCLUSION Clinicians caring for adult survivors of childhood cancer should be aware of the substantial risk for adverse health status, especially among females, those with low educational attainment, and those with low household incomes.
Design and concept of a Biointeractive Autonomous Underwater Vehicle &#x201C;BA-1&#x201D;

To keep the precious protein source, it is thus extremely important to conserve the biodiversity of the ocean and at the same time to make use of its limited space as much as possible without doing any environmental harm. With this broad objective in mind, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT) and Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. have started a research and development project, “Pen-free Offshore Aquaculture System using Biointeractive Autonomous Underwater Vehicles. ” This project is part of a more comprehensive project, “Marine Biotechnology Innovation,” which has been funded by the Japanese government since 2007. In this paper, we propose a concept of a biointeractive AUV that monitors and takes care of schools of fish just like a sheep dog in a ranch. In a future plan of this system, multiple biointeractive AUVs monitor the environment spatially and accurately, feed the fish, monitor the growth of the fish, guide them, and report the data through satellite to the land while charging their batteries by docking with buoys. A first model of the biointeractive AUV “BA-1” has launched in early 2009. The design of the biointeractive AUV “BA-1” is described in this paper. The basic test result of the interaction system for fish is also described briefly.
Vision and drivers--a South Wales survey.

BACKGROUND A reasonable level of visual acuity is a prerequisite not only for the safety of drivers and their passengers but also other road users. We surveyed a sample of automobile and motorbike drivers in South Wales to identify the prevalence of drivers failing to meet the visual requirements for driving as laid down by the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA). METHODS A random sample of 301 automobile and motorbike drivers was stopped under police supervision in a lay-by on a single carriageway in Gwent. A simple questionnaire was administered to 298 of them followed by an eyesight test wherein they were asked to read vehicle registration plates at set distances in daylight. This replicated the mandatory test administered during a person's driving test in the UK. RESULTS There were five drivers among those tested whose eyesight failed to meet the DVLA standard for driving. This translates to 26,776 drivers in Wales and over half a million drivers in the UK. The failure rate was greater among drivers older than 40 years of age with one in 45 drivers failing the number plate test in that age group. CONCLUSION There is an urgent need to raise public awareness and instigate personal responsibility among drivers to maintain the required vision for driving. The magnitude of the problem raises the debate about licence renewal based on periodic mandatory vision testing and the adequacy of the current visual standards used for drivers.
A fast algorithm for computing hypergraph transversals and its application in mining emerging patterns

Computing the minimal transversals of a hypergraph is an important problem in computer science that has significant applications in data mining. We present a new algorithm for computing hypergraph transversals and highlight their close connection to an important class of patterns known as emerging patterns. We evaluate our technique on a number of large datasets and show that it outperforms previous approaches by a factor of 9-29 times.
An Analysis of Personal Medical Information Disclosed in YouTube Videos Created by Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

The Internet has become one of the main sources of health information. Today, content generation is no longer limited to the healthcare professionals of the late nineties; Web 2.0 services and platforms have empowered patients to create and interact with various forms of Patient-Generated Content (PGC); these include: videos, blogs, and social networking pages, among others. This investigation evaluated the characteristics of PGC found within YouTube video comments. We selected a random sample of 25 out of 769 Multiple Sclerosis patient-generated videos and analyzed their corresponding 557 comments for health information. 320 comments met the inclusion criteria and 70 contained personal health information (PHI). Comments with PHI were sub-characterized for the type of medical information (i.e., diagnosis, date of diagnosis, medication, among others). In this descriptive study, we present the strata within this content and postulate some of the corresponding patient risks and ethical challenges associated with PGC found in YouTube video comments.
Second allogeneic marrow transplantation for patients with recurrent leukemia after initial transplant with total-body irradiation-containing regimens.

PURPOSE The impact of a second marrow transplant on long-term disease-free survival (DFS) was evaluated for 77 consecutive patients aged 2 to 51 years who relapsed subsequent to allogeneic marrow transplantation after high-dose chemotherapy and total-body irradiation (TBI). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients received a second transplant for recurrent chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) (n = 28), acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) (n = 32), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (n = 15) or lymphoma (n = 2) that used the same marrow donor as the initial transplant. High-dose chemotherapy of busulfan (BU) and cyclophosphamide (CY), or CY, carmustine (BCNU), and etoposide (VP-16), was used as a preparative regimen for the second transplant. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis consisted of the following: no prophylaxis (n = 8), T-cell depletion (n = 36), methotrexate (MTX) only (n = 21), cyclosporine (CSP) only (n = 1), MTX and CSP (n = 9), or anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) and prednisone (n = 2). RESULTS Engraftment occurred in the 74 assessable patients. Severe veno-occlusive disease (VOD) was the most frequent cause of grades 3 and 4 regimen-related toxicity (RRT); it occurred in 20 patients. The probability of death before day 100 from nonleukemic causes was 36%. The probability of relapse after second transplant was 70%, and the DFS rate was 14% (median DFS, 36 months; range, 22 to 87). The DFS rates for ALL, AML, and CML were 8%, 10%, and 25%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the risk of relapse was inversely associated with acute GVHD (relative risk [RR] of relapse = 0.2; P = .0009). No other factor was associated with relapse. DFS was associated with the presence of acute GVHD (RR of treatment failure = 0.5; P = .0085), and a reduction of DFS was associated with severe VOD (RR = 10.6; P = .0001) and those patients older than 10 years (RR = 2.5; P = .0337). CONCLUSION These data show that some patients may benefit from a second marrow transplant for recurrent leukemia after an initial marrow transplant. Younger patients and patients with CML especially should be considered as potential candidates for a second transplant.
Element Partitioning: The Role of Melt Structure and Composition

We segregated coexisting gabbroic and granitic melts by centrifuging them at high pressures and temperatures and measured the trace element compositions of the melts by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Our results demonstrate that the effect of melt structure contributes about one order of magnitude to crystal/melt partition coefficients. Partitioning of alkali and alkaline earth elements strongly depends on field strength: Amphoteric and lone pair electron elements partition into the polymerized granitic melt; and rare earth, transition, and high field strength elements coordinated by nonbridging oxygens partition remarkably similar into the gabbroic melt. A regular solution model predicts these effects.
Reg IV, a new member of the regenerating gene family, is overexpressed in colorectal carcinomas

A better understanding of the mechanisms by which colon tumor cells are able to survive exposure to drugs would be valuable for the development of new therapeutic strategies. We used differential display‐PCR to compare gene expression in the drug‐sensitive HT‐29 colon cancer cell line and 3 drug‐resistant subpopulations derived from this parental cell line. One of the genes identified is a new gene, Regenerating IV gene (Reg IV), and was strongly overexpressed in HT‐29 drug‐resistant cells. Other drug‐resistant cell lines expressed Reg IV at a high level, whereas a low expression was noted in sensitive cell lines. Northern blot and real‐time PCR analysis showed that Reg IV is more strongly expressed in 71% of colorectal tumors (in particular in mucinous carcinomas) than in normal colon tissues. The comparison of Reg IV expression with that of other REG genes, Regenerating Iα or (Reg Iα), Regenerating Iβ (Reg Iβ) and Pancreatitis‐associated protein (PAP), highlights its predominant expression in colorectal tumors. Reg IV mRNA‐positive tumor cells display different phenotypes: mucus‐secreting, enterocyte‐like or undifferentiated. Interestingly, whereas Reg IV expression is low in normal colon, its level in normal small intestine is similar to that in some colorectal tumors. In normal tissue, Reg IV mRNA‐positive cells are mostly enteroendocrine cells and goblet cells. Our results point out the potential role of Reg IV in colorectal tumors and its subsequent interest as a pronostic indicator of tumor survival. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ischemia‐reperfusion injury in chronic pressure ulcer formation: A skin model in the rat

Most animal models of chronic pressure ulcers were designed to study only the role of ischemic injury in wound formation, often using single applications of constant pressure. The purpose of this study was to develop and characterize a reproducible model of cyclic ischemia‐reperfusion injury in the skin of small un‐anesthetized animals using clinically relevant pressures and durations. Ischemia‐reperfusion injury was created in a 9 cm2 region of dorsal skin in male rats by periodically compressing skin under a pressure of 50 mm Hg using an implanted metal plate and an overlying magnet. We varied the total number of ischemia‐reperfusion cycles, examined the effect of varying the frequency and duration of ischemic insult, and compared ischemia‐induced injury to ischemia‐reperfusion‐induced injury with this model. Tissue injury increased with an increasing number of total ischemia‐reperfusion cycles, duration of ischemia, and frequency of ischemia‐reperfusion cycles. This model generates reproducible ischemia‐reperfusion skin injury as characterized by tissue necrosis, wound thickness, leukocyte infiltration, transcutaneous oxygen tension, and wound blood flow. Using this model, the biological markers of ischemia‐reperfusion‐induced wound development can be studied and therapeutic interventions can be evaluated in a cost‐effective manner.
A highly epothilone B–resistant A549 cell line with mutations in tubulin that confer drug dependence

A 95-fold epothilone B (EpoB)–resistant, but not dependent, A549 human lung carcinoma cell line, A549.EpoB40 (EpoB40), has a Gln to Glu mutation at residue 292 that is situated near the M-loop of βI-tubulin. Further selection of this cell line with higher concentrations of EpoB produced A549.EpoB480 (EpoB480), which is ∼900-fold resistant to EpoB. This cell line, like EpoB40, exhibits cross-resistance to Taxol and extreme sensitivity to vinblastine, but in contrast to EpoB40 it is unusually dependent on EpoB, requiring a minimum of 125 nmol/L EpoB to maintain normal growth. Sequence analysis of the β-tubulin and Kα1-tubulin genes in EpoB480 showed that, in addition to the β292 mutation, β60 was mutated from Val to Phe and α195 was mutated from Leu to Met. Mass spectrometry indicated that both the Val60Phe and Leu195Met mutations in βI- and Kα1-tubulin, respectively, were expressed at the protein level. Molecular modeling indicated that β60 is located at the end of the H1-S2 loop that has been implicated as a principal partner of the M-loop for contacts between protofilaments. A mutation at β60 could inhibit the lateral contacts between protofilaments, thereby destabilizing microtubules. α195 is located at the external surface of the microtubule that has been proposed as the domain that interacts with a variety of endogenous proteins, such as stathmin and microtubule-associated protein 4. A mutation at α195 could modulate the interactions between tubulin and regulatory proteins. We propose that the βVal60Phe mutation plays a critical role in the drug-dependent phenotype of EpoB480 cells.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Salmonella lipopolysaccharide in poultry specimens

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of salmonellae was developed and evaluated by using artificially contaminated specimens of poultry feed, feces, litter, or carcass rinsings, and naturally contaminated water samples. Specimens containing salmonellae of serogroups B or C2 inhibited the binding of polyvalent anti-O serum to microtiter plate wells coated with lipopolysaccharide of Salmonella typhimurium (serogroup B) or Salmonella albany (serogroup C2), respectively. Treatment of specimens with Rhozyme 41 (a protease) inhibited nonspecific reactions. The ELISA detected 106 of 111 culture-positive specimens contaminated with salmonellae of serogroups B or C2. Nineteen of 20 specimens containing salmonellae of serogroup C1 and all of 36 culture-negative specimens were ELISA negative. All seven water samples that contained salmonellae of serogroups B or C2, including three that were culture positive only after delayed secondary enrichment, were ELISA positive. Seven of the nine water samples that contained salmonellae of other serogroups, and all 38 culture-negative samples, were ELISA negative. The ELISA was simple to perform, produced results in 48 h, and was more economical than culture methods.
On the Selection of Innovation Financing Resources:Based on the Financing Structure and the Innovation of Listed-company in China

Does Chinese listed companies have preferences of innovation financing? In this paper,using empirical evidences of 2006 -2010 Chinese listed companies,we find that;(1) Both internal and external financing have significant positive impact on RD investment,meanwhile the influence of external financing is greater than the internal one. (2) By further investigating the impact of different external financing on the innovation of companies,results comes that government subsidy,followed by the impact of equity financing,can improve RD investment On the other hand,the impact of debt financing is insignificant(3) We also find that government subsidy have a significant moderating effect on the relationship between debt financing and corporate innovation investment,that is to say,government subsidy can effective "stimulate" companies to enhance RD investment through debt financing.This article explores the logic of innovation financing of Chinese companies, and provides theoretical suggestions for government to promote enterprise innovation and the development of capital markets.