Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Prior arm exercise speeds the VO2 kinetics during arm exercise above the heart level.

PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that the initial O2 uptake kinetics during exercise where the rise in blood flow (and, by implication, O2 delivery) to the working muscles during an abrupt increase in exercise intensity is reduced (i.e., arm exercise performed above the level of the heart) would be faster when preceded by a bout of high-intensity exercise. METHODS Eleven physically active males completed two protocols, each consisting of two consecutive bouts of 6 min of high-intensity arm crank exercise separated by 6 min of recovery. In one protocol, the arm crank exercise was performed with the arms below the level of the heart (<HL); in the other, the arms were above the level of the heart (>HL). RESULTS In the <HL protocol, the VO2 fast component time constant was not significantly affected by prior exercise (35.9+/-8.7 and 35.5+/-8.9 s in bouts 1 and 2, respectively). The amplitudes of the VO2 fast and slow component were respectively significantly higher and significantly lower in the second bout. In the >HL protocol, the amplitudes of the VO2 fast and slow component were unaffected by prior exercise, whereas the VO2 fast component time constant was significantly reduced in the second bout (49.8+/-22.1 vs 40.7+/-13.2 s; P<0.05). CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrate that prior high-intensity exercise caused a significant speeding of the VO2 fast component response during subsequent high-intensity arm crank exercise performed above, and not below, the level of the heart.
Configurational statistics in a-SixNyHz alloys: A quantitative bonding analysis.

The composition of hydrogenated silicon nitride films produced either by plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition (PECVD) with 0.01\ensuremath{\le}[${\mathrm{NH}}_{3}$]/[${\mathrm{SiH}}_{4}$]\ensuremath{\le}20 in the 220--320-\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C temperature range or by low-pressure chemical-vapor deposition at 800 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C was determined by elastic-recoil-detection techniques and compared with the relative and absolute atomic densities deduced from x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and optical measurements in the infrared (ir) range. The [N]/[Si] ratio of PECVD samples followed a square-root dependence on [${\mathrm{NH}}_{3}$]/[${\mathrm{SiH}}_{4}$] over most of the gas-ratio range. We propose original calibrations of most of the ir-absorption bands observed in these samples over the 600--3600-${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ range, and we derived the experimental bond statistics by assuming complete valence satisfaction. In particular, the oscillator-strength factor of each of the six components of the SiH stretching peak was determined. The detailed statistics of all the hydrogenated configurations established for the first time in such a silicon-based ternary alloy are then compared to those expected to those expected for a random-bonded network. The most striking deviations from configurational randomness were observed at low nitrogen contents where more than two out of three silicon neighbors of a given nitrogen atom are monohydrogenated. Nitrogen atoms are found to have at least one monohydrogenated silicon nearest neighbor in all samples up to [N]/[Si]=1.1. The generality of such a second-neighbor correlation in hydrogenated III-IV amorphous alloys is also discussed.
Independent agents in branching time : towards a unified framework for reasoning about multiagent systems

The work presented in this thesis is a multidisciplinary study of the notion of agency. We build new formal approaches starting on the literature of agency in philosophy of action, game theory or computer science. Belnap and Perloff's STIT theory is our frame of experimentation. This is a logic that stems from philosophy of action based on the observation that an action can be identi_ed with what it brings about. In this tradition, the sentence. Ishmael sails on board the Pequod. Will be paraphrased by. Ishmael sees to it that Ishmael sails on board the Pequod. Our first contribution is to simplify the axiomatics of a version of the logic restrained to individual agency and without temporal aspects. This allows us to simplify the semantics of STIT as well as to discover a link with product logics. We establish the NEXPTIME-completeness of the problem of satisfiability. We capitalize on the simplifications and extend the axiomatization to coalitional actions. We show that we can embed Coalition Logic in the resulting logic. We also provide an epistemic extension and use it to tackle the problem of epistemically uniform strategies. Then we study further the temporal aspects of agency. We first do it by way of a logic combining STIT with a dynamic logic providing actions with duration, that can be deliberatively continued or aborted along time. We then give an embedding of Alternating-time Temporal Logic in a slightly adapted strategic STIT logic. Having developed a neat understanding of relevant structures of agency, we propose a fine-grained ontology of action and agency.
Distribution of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (serotonin, enteramine) in the wall of the digestive tract

Dalgliesh, Toh & Work (1952) have shown that two substances are responsible for the 'enteramine activity' produced on the rat's atropinized colon by acetone extracts of gastro-intestinal mucosa. The substance responsible for the main part of activity was identified as 5-hydroxytryptamine; the other principle has not been isolated but appeared to be another related indole derivative. This identification of 5-hydroxytryptamine in gastro-intestinal mucosal extracts confirms a suggestion made by Erspamer that the enteramine activity of such extracts and of those of the posterior salivary glands of octopus and of skin of amphibia are due to the same active principle. This was isolated from the latter sources and identified as 5-hydroxytryptamine (Erspamer & Asero, 1951, 1952). 5-Hydroxytryptamine has also been isolated from ox serum under the name of serotonin (Rapport, 1949). The present paper deals with the assay of extracts containing 5-hydroxytryptamine and substance P and the distribution of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the gastro-intestinal wall. The atropinized rat's colon provided a sensitive preparation for assaying tissue extracts for 5-hydroxytryptamine in the presence of acetylcholine, histamine and substance P. The guinea-pig's ileum under atropine and mepyramine contracted to 5-hydroxytryptamine and substance P, but could be rendered insensitive to 5-hydroxytryptamine by tryptamine (Gaddum, 1952); it could then be used for the assay of substance P in the presence of 5-hydroxytryptamine.
Overview of the 2002 IAB Network Management Workshop

This document provides an overview of a workshop held by the Internet Architecture Board (IAB) on Network Management. The workshop was hosted by CNRI in Reston, VA, USA on June 4 thru June 6, 2002. The goal of the workshop was to continue the important dialog started between network operators and protocol developers, and to guide the IETFs focus on future work regarding network management. This report summarizes the discussions and lists the conclusions and recommendations to the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) community.
Do Listed Companies in PSE Meet IFRS Disclosure Requirements?

Strong international integration and globalization affects the contemporary world´s economy which has influence in development of movement of capital, financial markets and decision making of each business entity. Because of increased force to comparability between companies, the idea of one single-setting globally accepted financial reporting standards was started in 1973 in London by International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) as a standards setter of International Accounting Standards (IAS). In the year 2000 the International Organization of Securities Commission (IOSCO) recommended to use IFRS for all their members. The paper states about Prague Stock Exchange (PSE) as a member of IOSCO, its index PX and companies which create the index PX. The index base is composed of 14 companies which reported their financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS, earlier IAS). The aim of the paper is to briefly introduce Prague Stock Exchange and index PX and to evaluate the chosen disclosure requirements of companies which create the index. The disclosure requirements, which are assessed are chosen from IAS 1: Presentation of Financial Statements and IFRS 8: Segments reporting. Research of disclosure requirements has been done by gathering the financial statements from years: 2011 and 2012 and assessment of chosen question is based on disclosure requirements of IAS 1 and IFRS 8. Those standards were chosen because of the wide range of companies. The next part of research is to assess the development between the compared years.
Perampanel for tonic-clonic seizures in idiopathic generalized epilepsy

Objective: To assess efficacy and safety of adjunctive perampanel in patients with drug-resistant, primary generalized tonic-clonic (PGTC) seizures in idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE). Methods: In this multicenter, double-blind study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01393743; funded by Eisai Inc.), patients 12 years or older with PGTC seizures and IGE were randomized to placebo or perampanel during a 4-week titration period (perampanel uptitrated from 2 to 8 mg/d, or highest tolerated dose) and 13-week maintenance period. The primary endpoint was percent change in PGTC seizure frequency per 28 days (titration plus maintenance vs baseline). The key secondary endpoint (primary endpoint for European Union registration) was 50% PGTC seizure responder rate (patients achieving ≥50% reduction in PGTC seizure frequency; maintenance vs baseline). Treatment-emergent adverse events were monitored. Results: Of 164 randomized patients, 162 comprised the full analysis set (placebo, 81; perampanel, 81). Compared with placebo, perampanel conferred a greater median percent change in PGTC seizure frequency per 28 days (−38.4% vs −76.5%; p < 0.0001) and greater 50% PGTC seizure responder rate (39.5% vs 64.2%; p = 0.0019). During maintenance, 12.3% of placebo-treated patients and 30.9% of perampanel-treated patients achieved PGTC seizure freedom. For the safety analysis (placebo, 82; perampanel, 81), the most frequent treatment-emergent adverse events with perampanel were dizziness (32.1%) and fatigue (14.8%). Conclusions: Adjunctive perampanel was well tolerated and improved control of drug-resistant PGTC seizures in patients with IGE. Classification of evidence: This study provides Class I evidence that adjunctive perampanel reduces PGTC seizure frequency, compared with placebo, in patients with drug-resistant PGTC seizures in IGE.
To reveal is to critique: actor–network theory and critical information systems research

It has been suggested that, in order to maintain its relevance, critical research must develop a strong emphasis on empirical work rather than the conceptual emphasis that has typically characterized critical scholarship in management. A critical project of this nature is applicable in the information systems (IS) arena, which has a growing tradition of qualitative inquiry. Despite its relativist ontology, actor–network theory places a strong emphasis on empirical inquiry and this paper argues that actor–network theory, with its careful tracing and recording of heterogeneous networks, is well suited to the generation of detailed and contextual empirical knowledge about IS. The intention in this paper is to explore the relevance of IS research informed by actor–network theory in the pursuit of a broader critical research project as defined in earlier work.
Quantum Inspired Shape Representation for Content Based Image Retrieval

Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) is a technique in which images are indexed based on their visual contents and retrieving is only based upon these indexed images contents. Among the visual contents to describe the image details is shape. Shape of object, is considered as the most important distinguishable feature which living things can easily recognize, which is also a fact while this line is being written, and large efforts are currently underway in describing image contents by their shapes. Inspired by the core foundation of quantum mechanics, a new easy shape representation for content based image retrieval is proposed by borrowing the concept of quantum superposition into the basis of distance histogram. Results show better retrieval accuracy of the proposed method when compared with distance histogram.
Exercise training increases heat shock protein in skeletal muscles of old rats.

PURPOSE The effects of chronic exercise training on the expression of heat shock protein (HSP) in skeletal muscle of senescent animals are unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic exercise training on skeletal muscle HSP expression in both young and old rats. METHODS Young adult (3 months) and old (23 months) female Fisher 344 rats were assigned to either a sedentary control or an endurance exercise trained group (N = 6 per group). Exercised animals ran (60 min.d-1, 5 d.wk-1) on a treadmill at approximately 77% VO2peak for 10 wk. After completion of the training program, the soleus (SOL), plantaris (PL), and the red (RG) and white portions (WG) of the gastrocnemius muscles were excised, and citrate synthase (CS) activity and the relative levels of HSP72 were determined. RESULTS Training resulted in increases (P < 0.05) in VO2peak in both young (67.6 +/- 3.1 vs 86.9 +/- 1.6 mL.kg-1.min-1) and old animals (54.5 +/- 1.8 vs 68.2 +/- 2.2 mL.kg-1.min-1). Training increased CS activity and the relative levels of HSP72 (P < 0.05) in all four skeletal muscles in both young and old animals. Specifically, compared with age-matched sedentary controls, exercise training resulted in increased (P < 0.05) levels of HSP72 in skeletal muscles of both young (SOL + 22%, PL +94%, RG + 44%, WG + 243%) and old animals (SOL +15%, PL +73%, RG +38%, WG +150%). CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal that the exercise-induced accumulation of HSP72 in skeletal muscle differs between fast and slow muscles. Further, these data indicate that the exercise-induced accumulation of HSP72 in highly oxidative skeletal muscles (SOL and RG) is similar between young and old animals. In contrast, aging is associated with a blunted expression of HSP72 in fast skeletal muscles (PL and WG) in response to chronic exercise.
Surface charges and ion channel function.

Like other proteins, ion channels are charged. The amino acid sequence contains acidic and basic amino acids that are positively or negatively charged at physiologic pH. Other charges are added by posttranslational events such as the addition of sialic acid during complex carbohydrate trimming and phosphorylation. At least some of the charges appear to be essential for ion channel function as part of ligand and permeant ion binding sites and as the voltage sensor of voltage-gated channels (e.g. 35). Surface charges also contribute to channel function in more subtle ways. Any charge on or near the surface of a channel will polarize the surrounding environment, thus establishing an electrostatic potential, i.e. the surface potential, between the channel and aqueous solution (e.g. 54). The surface potential will alter the surrounding ionic atmosphere and change the con­ centrations of all charged solutes (permeant ions, toxins, or ligands). Op­ positely charged solutes (counterions) will be attracted to the charge and
Concurrent Quantitation of Total Campylobacter and Total Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Campylobacter Loads in Rinses from Retail Raw Chicken Carcasses from 2001 to 2003 by Direct Plating at 42°C

ABSTRACT This is the first report on the use of a normally lethal dose of ciprofloxacin in a Campylobacter agar medium to kill all ciprofloxacin-sensitive Campylobacter spp. but allow the selective isolation and quantitation of naturally occurring presumptive ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter CFU in rinses from retail raw chicken carcasses (RTCC). Thermophilic-group total Campylobacter CFU and total ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter CFU (irrespective of species) were concurrently quantified in rinses from RTCC by direct plating of centrifuged pellets from 10 or 50 ml out of 400-ml rinse subsamples concurrently on Campylobacter agar and ciprofloxacin-containing Campylobacter agar at 42°C (detection limit = 0.90 log10 CFU/carcass). For 2001, 2002, and 2003, countable Campylobacter CFU were recovered from 85%, 96%, and 57% of RTCC, while countable ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter CFU were recovered from 60%, 59%, and 17.5% of RTCC, respectively. Total Campylobacter CFU loads in RTCC rinses ranged from 0.90 to 4.52, 0.90 to 4.58, and 0.90 to 4.48 log10 CFU/carcass in 2001, 2002, and 2003, respectively. Total ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter CFU loads in RTCC rinses ranged from 0.90 to 4.06, 0.90 to 3.95, and 0.90 to 3.04 log10 CFU/carcass in 2001, 2002, and 2003, respectively. Overall, total Campylobacter loads of 0.90 to 2.0, 2 to 3, 3 to 4, 4 to 5 log10 CFU/carcass, respectively, were recovered from 16%, 32%, 26%, and 5% of RTCC tested over the 2-year sampling period. For the same period, total ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter loads of 0.90 to 2.0, 2 to 3, 3 to 4, and 4 to 5 log10 CFU/carcass, respectively, were recovered from 24%, 11%, 7%, and 0.2% of RTCC tested. There was a steady decline in total Campylobacter and total ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter loads in RTCC rinses from 2001/2002 to 2003.
Mots composés dans les modèles de langue pour la recherche d’information

Une approche classique en recherche d’information (RI) consiste à bâtir une représentation des documents et des requêtes basée sur les mots simples les constituant. L’utilisation de modèles bigrammes a été étudiée, mais les contraintes sur l’ordre et l’adjacence des mots dans ces travaux ne sont pas toujours justifiées pour la recherche d’information. Nous proposons une nouvelle approche basée sur les modèles de langue qui incorporent des affinités lexicales (ALs), c’est à dire des paires non ordonnées de mots qui se trouvent proches dans un texte. Nous décrivons ce modèle et le comparons aux plus traditionnels modèles unigrammes et bigrammes ainsi qu’au modèle vectoriel.
ACQUISITION OF A SECOND LANGUAGE VOWEL SYSTEM : EVIDENCE FROM ENGLISH SPEAKERS LEARNING SPANISH

This paper begins by discussing the relationship between recent research in second language speech acquisition and the acquisition of Spanish, including notions of phonetic accuracy (the collective weight of multiple attempts at a given sound) and phonetic precision (similarity of multiple attempts at a given sound). It then describes a cross-sectional study of 70 adult English-speaking learners of Spanish at four different levels of acquisition that was conducted to gather data on the acquisition of the Spanish vowel system. The results of the study suggest that: (a) learners exhibit a definable acquisitional continuum in their target language output, (b) successful production of the high front and high back vowels is evident earlier than with other vowels, and (c) performance differences in output between stressed syllables and unstressed syllables are found to occur, particularly in earlier stages of acquisition.
Oxygen consumption of human spermatozoa in seminal plasma and a Ringer solution.

semen and in a buffered Ringer solution. Washing of the spermatozoa caused an average decrease of 13% in the number of live cells. The oxygen consumption of the spermatozoa was two to three times higher in the Ringer solution than in the whole semen (P<0\m=.\001). If the washed spermatozoa were returned to their own seminal plasma, the oxygen consumption also returned to the original level. These results indicated that human seminal plasma normally contains a factor that depresses sperm respiration.
Self-triggered, prediction-based control of Lipschitz nonlinear systems

We consider the design of self-triggered controllers for Lipschitz nonlinear systems subject to additive disturbances. The goal of the controller design is to avoid measurements and input changes as long as possible, while guaranteeing good performance subject to the worst case disturbances. Furthermore, the controller should be practically implementable. The controller is based on the emulation of a continuous-time feedback and a triggering mechanism employing simple predictions of the uncertain state evolution. An example illustrates the approach.
#Sponsored #Ad: Agency Perspective on Influencer Marketing Campaigns

Abstract As digital and social media continue to grow in terms of usage and advertising expenditures, the advertising industry has been forced to develop innovative strategies. One such strategy is influencer marketing, which connects online personas with brands or services that target audiences trust and engage with regularly. This study provides insight into the experiences with and perceptions of influencer marketing among those working in advertising agencies. Nineteen U.S. advertising agency professionals were interviewed. Results show that the billion-dollar influencer marketing industry is largely uncharted territory that impacts strategic decision making and requires a shift in agency process for effective implementation.
The clinical spectrum and treatment of primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the stomach.

BACKGROUND Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of the stomach is a rare disease; diagnosis may be difficult and the method of treatment is at debate, especially the role of surgery. We therefore evaluated clinical findings, in particular endoscopic diagnosis and long-term results of various treatment strategies, especially the effect of the stomach-saving procedure with radiotherapy alone, in patients with stage I and II NHL of the stomach over a 20 year period (1970-91). PATIENTS AND METHODS A series of 119 consecutive patients (71m + 48f, median age 62 years) were studied: 80 patients in stage I and 39 in stage II. Treatment schedules were: group A: standard radiotherapy alone, after clinical staging (n = 46); group B: gastric resection followed by standard radiotherapy (n = 28); group C: various combinations of resection, radiotherapy plus or minus chemotherapy (n = 45). Since 1978 surgery was no longer advocated: our resection rate dropped from 83% to 38%. RESULTS Symptoms and signs were non-specific: epigastric pain (81%), nausea (33%), vomiting (24%) and weight loss (66%). Haemorrhage or perforation at presentation were unusual, in 14 (12%) and 5 (4%) cases, respectively. At endoscopy 3 main patterns were recognized: ulceration (34%); diffuse infiltration (18%) and a polypoid mass (37%). Endoscopic biopsies were diagnostic in 92%, including 11% after repeated endoscopy. Treatment results were excellent for stage I: local control in 93%, 5-year survival 70%; in stage II the results were less favorable: 57% and 37%, respectively. Recurrences were only seen in 17 cases, among which 10 cases were extra-abdominal. According to treatment schedule, results were similar in group A (n = 46), with radiotherapy alone, and group B (n = 28), with resection plus radiotherapy, leading to a 5-year overall survival of 71% and 82%, respectively (no significant difference). Severe complications of treatment were infrequent: one perforation, another with a fatal haemorrhage in group A. In group C (n = 45) various individualized schemes were applied, usually palliative either due to large tumour extent or patients of old age and poor condition, leading to a 5-year survival of only 31%. CONCLUSIONS Clear patterns were recognized at endoscopy, and diagnosis on endoscopic biopsies was possible in the vast majority (92%); in clinical stage I radiotherapy alone is effective, safe and well tolerated.