Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The presence of mitochondrial haplogroup x in Altaians from South Siberia.

The authors would like to thank the following individuals for providing samples for this study: Drs. E. Lotosh, F. Luzina, I. Dambueva, C. Dorzhu, V. Kakpakov, and O. Karamchakova. This work was supported by the Russian Fund for Basic Research (grant 99-06-80430), the State Program Frontiers in Genetics (grant 99-04-30), and by a grant from the Ludwik Rydygier Medical University in Bydgoszcz (BW 90/01).
Relationships between sleeping habits, sedentary leisure activities and childhood overweight and obesity

The aim of this study is to show how sedentary leisure activities and a decrease in hours of sleep interact to lead to an increase in the body mass index (BMI) in children. A random sample of 291 nine-year-old and ten-year-old schoolchildren from Asturias (Spain) was taken. A cross-sectional design was used, the children’s weight and height were measured and an individual interview was carried out. Using path analysis, a model was tested in which bedtime, the number of hours spent sleeping and sedentary leisure activities were the independent variables and the BMI was the dependent variable. The results show that sedentary leisure activities and hours spent sleeping are predictors of a greater BMI in children. Moreover, the effect of the time spent sleeping is mediated by sedentary leisure activities. That is to say, it is those children who go to bed late and who use that extra time to watch the television or play with the computer that tend to have a greater BMI. Attention should be drawn to the importance of this fact and to the implications it may have for education and children’s health.
Equalization Tube Placement Risk Factors for Preoperative and Postoperative Hearing Loss in Children Undergoing Pressure

Objective. Pressure equalization tube (PET) placement is the most common surgical procedure performed during childhood. Current guidelines recommend more prompt management of children with otitis media with effusion who are at greater risk for speech-language and developmental problems. This study was designed to examine risk factors for continued post-PET hearing loss in a large pediatric clinical sample. Study Design. Retrospective analysis using the electronic medical record. Setting. Tertiary care children’s hospital. Subjects. Pediatric patients undergoing PET placement between January 2009 and October 2012 who had audiometric tests. Methods. Demographics, patient diagnoses, and hearing loss information were extracted. Multivariate binary logistic regression models were used to identify associations between patient-specific characteristics and the presence of hearing loss. Results. In total, 3949 children with 4598 audiology visits were included (2357 males and 1592 females; mean age, 3.3 years), and 1272 preoperative and 3329 postoperative audiograms were performed. Using multivariate modeling, the only variable significantly associated with preoperative hearing loss was low tympanometric static acoustic admittance. Postoperative hearing loss was positively associated with patient age, preoperative hearing loss, lower tympanometric equivalent canal volumes, and Down syndrome. Other factors, including cranial/facial anomalies, low birth weight or prematurity, allergies, and asthma, were not determined to be risk factors for hearing loss. Conclusion. Our results support hearing testing to identify candidates for PET surgery and to determine treatment effectiveness after surgery, since hearing loss cannot be predicted on the basis of risk or demographic factors. These data have important preoperative counseling and postoperative management implications.
CT Brain Findings in Clinical Dementia Investigation – Underestimation of Mixed Dementia

Dementia has been found to display a more heterogeneous clinical picture than previously recognized. We investigated brain changes on computed tomography (CT) in a clinical dementia population consisting of 67 cases with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), 13 with mixed dementia (AD and vascular dementia, VaD), 71 with VaD, and 12 cases that were not demented. Temporal cortical atrophy and atrophy around the temporal horns were more common in patients with mixed dementia compared to patients with VaD and the non-demented, respectively. Frontal white matter changes were present in 64% of AD, in 85% of mixed dementia and in 79% of VaD cases, but there were no differences between the dementia groups. Lacunes were present in almost 40% of AD cases and in 80 and 85% of VaD and mixed dementia cases, respectively. Only 14% of the VaD cases had large infarcts on the CT. We conclude that large infarcts were rare, even in VaD cases. The increased incidence of white matter changes and lacunes in AD patients strongly indicates an underestimation of the mixed dementia diagnosis. More distinct criteria for this diagnostic category are warranted.
The two-sex problem and the marriage squeeze in an equilibrium model of marriage markets.

We develop a model of marriage market equilibrium that can be used to study effects of the age distribution of men and women on marriage patterns. The model clarifies issues in the literature such as the two-sex problem and the marriage squeeze. In particular, the fact that women tend to marry men who are older than they implies that when cohort sizes fluctuate, there are shifts in relative supply and demand of marriage partners of the two sexes. We consider age difference between spouses as an equilibrating mechanism in marriage markets. The model follows Becker's application of the Koopmans-Beckman assignment model to marriage markets. We show that even large differences in cohort sizes can be absorbed by relatively small changes in the age differential of spouses, with no necessary changes in the proportion of men and women ever marrying.
Serum aldosterone and cortisol concentrations before and after suppression with fludrocortisone in cats

Primary hyperaldosteronism is an increasingly recognized syndrome in cats, and diagnosis can be difficult. A potential diagnostic method has been reported, utilizing oral fludrocortisone administered twice daily for 4 days followed by collection of urine. In the current study, we sought to determine if blood sampling and a shorter dosing period would provide a possible means to test for primary hyperaldosteronism. Also, cortisol concentrations were measured to assess the potential of fludrocortisone to act as a glucocorticoid in cats. In phase I, 8 healthy laboratory cats were studied in a placebo-controlled, crossover design. Serum aldosterone and cortisol concentrations were measured before and on the second, third, and fourth day of treatment and compared within groups. In phase II, based on the results obtained in phase I, 8 healthy client-owned cats were administered 3 doses of fludrocortisone or placebo. Serum aldosterone and cortisol concentrations were compared before and after treatment within groups. In both phases, serum aldosterone and cortisol concentrations were significantly suppressed in fludrocortisone-treated cats. Thus, it was determined that oral administration of fludrocortisone causes suppression of serum aldosterone in healthy adult cats after only 3 doses. Further research is needed to determine the effects of oral fludrocortisone in cats with primary hyperaldosteronism and cats with other disorders causing hypertension and/or hypokalemia to determine if this protocol can be used as a tool for the definitive diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism.
Vibrio fluvialis in Patients with Diarrhea, Kolkata, India

We identified 131 strains of Vibrio fluvialis among 400 nonagglutinating Vibrio spp. isolated from patients with diarrhea in Kolkata, India. For 43 patients, V. fluvialis was the sole pathogen identified. Most strains harbored genes encoding hemolysin and metalloprotease; this finding may contribute to understanding of the pathogenicity of V. fluvialis.
Hand‐painted animation with intelligent brushes

In this paper we argue for the concept of brushes and pigments enhanced with behavioural intelligence as a complement to established 2D computer animation techniques. Our approach allows the user to enrich and animate interactively created images by semi‐autonomously embedding procedural animation into them. This way, artistic skills of trained animators become within reach of everyone in the digital world, even to completely novice users. To exemplify this concept, we elaborate on several special‐purpose brushes and animated pigment for painting with animation. These include a programmable semi‐autonomous brush used to paint variations of strokes in successive frames (e.g. flames of fire), the moving‐dab brush which enables dabs of paint to follow a user‐defined path (e.g. smoke puffs) and animated pigment to produce secondary motion such as vibrant or waving paint textures. We believe our system offers a new fresh perspective on 2D computer aided animation production and associated tools. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Designation and application of cloud computing terminal equipment

Cloud computing applied more and more widely, but cloud computing terminal equipment is missing on the market. According to the current characteristics of cloud computing and users' needs, raised a total solution for cloud computing terminal equipment and discussed the key technologies in-depth. From selection of hardware and software designation to system testing, this paper does a complete introduction. Through analyzing the characteristics of the Remote Desktop Protocol, found shortcoming of RDP protocol and improved its performance by reduced the transmission data. Good display of this solution increasing customer satisfaction, which lay a good foundation to open foreign markets.
The repeatability of IEEE standard 112B induction motor efficiency tests

The IEEE standard 112B is widely used as the method for determining induction motor efficiency. However, there is sparse work about the repeatability of this measurement method. This paper presents an analysis of a set of measurements of motor efficiency using the IEEE 112B standard in order to assess the repeatability of the method. The measurements were repeatedly performed on four different motors of varying sizes over a number of years. The conditions of the tests and variations in measurements of efficiency of the motors are presented in this paper and the repeatability coefficient is discussed. The accuracy of the IEEE 112B method is also discussed and causes of the variations are highlighted for future revisions of the standard. This work is important for comparison of the standard with other standards and for interpreting induction motor efficiency measurements.
Declarations of interest

2.4 John Kidd Reserve Weed and Pest Rabbit Control Program 48 2.5 Noxious Weed Grant Funding Restructure 52 2.6 Sustainability Strategy 56 3. DEVELOPMENT SERVICES 59 3.1 Development Services Section Application Statistics December 2009 59 3.2 Unequal Standards for Joint Regional Planning Panel (JRPP) Representatives 60 3.3 Bolger Street, Campbelltown Construction of Additions to Existing Licensed Premises 64
Tigrinya Part-of-Speech Tagging with Morphological Patterns and the New Nagaoka Tigrinya Corpus

This paper presents the first part-of-speech (POS) tagging research for Tigrinya (Semitic language) from the newly constructed Nagaoka Tigrinya Corpus. The raw text was extracted from a newspaper published in Eritrea in the Tigrinya language. This initial corpus was cleaned and formatted in plaintext and the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) XML format. A tagset of 73 tags was designed, and the corpus for POS was manually annotated. This tagset encompasses three levels of grammatical information, which are the main POS categories, subcategories, and POS clitics. The POS tagged corpus contains 72,080 tokens. Tigrinya has a unique pattern of root-template morphology that can be utilized to infer POS categories. Subsequently, a supervised learning approach based on conditional random fields (CRFs) and support vector machines (SVMs) was applied, trained over contextual features of words and POS tags, morphological patterns, and affixes. A rigorous parameter optimization was performed and different combinations of features, data size, and tagsets were experimented upon to boost the overall accuracy, and particularly the prediction of POS for unknown words. For a reduced
TAF1 Activates Transcription by Phosphorylation of Serine 33 in Histone H2B

Dynamic changes in chromatin structure, induced by posttranslational modification of histones, play a fundamental role in regulating eukaryotic transcription. Here we report that histone H2B is phosphorylated at evolutionarily conserved Ser33 (H2B-S33) by the carboxyl-terminal kinase domain (CTK) of the Drosophila TFIID subunit TAF1. Phosphorylation of H2B-S33 at the promoter of the cell cycle regulatory gene string and the segmentation gene giant coincides with transcriptional activation. Elimination of TAF1 CTK activity in Drosophila cells and embryos reduces transcriptional activation and phosphorylation of H2B-S33. These data reveal that H2B-S33 is a physiological substrate for the TAF1 CTK and that H2B-S33 phosphorylation is essential for transcriptional activation events that promote cell cycle progression and development.
The evolution of human skin coloration.

Skin color is one of the most conspicuous ways in which humans vary and has been widely used to define human races. Here we present new evidence indicating that variations in skin color are adaptive, and are related to the regulation of ultraviolet (UV) radiation penetration in the integument and its direct and indirect effects on fitness. Using remotely sensed data on UV radiation levels, hypotheses concerning the distribution of the skin colors of indigenous peoples relative to UV levels were tested quantitatively in this study for the first time. The major results of this study are: (1) skin reflectance is strongly correlated with absolute latitude and UV radiation levels. The highest correlation between skin reflectance and UV levels was observed at 545 nm, near the absorption maximum for oxyhemoglobin, suggesting that the main role of melanin pigmentation in humans is regulation of the effects of UV radiation on the contents of cutaneous blood vessels located in the dermis. (2) Predicted skin reflectances deviated little from observed values. (3) In all populations for which skin reflectance data were available for males and females, females were found to be lighter skinned than males. (4) The clinal gradation of skin coloration observed among indigenous peoples is correlated with UV radiation levels and represents a compromise solution to the conflicting physiological requirements of photoprotection and vitamin D synthesis. The earliest members of the hominid lineage probably had a mostly unpigmented or lightly pigmented integument covered with dark black hair, similar to that of the modern chimpanzee. The evolution of a naked, darkly pigmented integument occurred early in the evolution of the genus Homo. A dark epidermis protected sweat glands from UV-induced injury, thus insuring the integrity of somatic thermoregulation. Of greater significance to individual reproductive success was that highly melanized skin protected against UV-induced photolysis of folate (Branda & Eaton, 1978, Science201, 625-626; Jablonski, 1992, Proc. Australas. Soc. Hum. Biol.5, 455-462, 1999, Med. Hypotheses52, 581-582), a metabolite essential for normal development of the embryonic neural tube (Bower & Stanley, 1989, The Medical Journal of Australia150, 613-619; Medical Research Council Vitamin Research Group, 1991, The Lancet338, 31-37) and spermatogenesis (Cosentino et al., 1990, Proc. Natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.87, 1431-1435; Mathur et al., 1977, Fertility Sterility28, 1356-1360). As hominids migrated outside of the tropics, varying degrees of depigmentation evolved in order to permit UVB-induced synthesis of previtamin D(3). The lighter color of female skin may be required to permit synthesis of the relatively higher amounts of vitamin D(3)necessary during pregnancy and lactation. Skin coloration in humans is adaptive and labile. Skin pigmentation levels have changed more than once in human evolution. Because of this, skin coloration is of no value in determining phylogenetic relationships among modern human groups.
Sequence analysis Waggawagga : comparative visualization of coiled-coil predictions and detection of stable single a-helices ( SAH domains )

Summary: Waggawagga is a web-based tool for the comparative visualization of coiled-coil predictions and the detection of stable single a-helices (SAH domains). Overview schemes show the predicted coiled-coil regions found in the query sequence and provide sliders, which can be used to select segments for detailed helical wheel and helical net views. A window-based score has been developed to predict SAH domains. Export to several bitmap and vector graphics formats is supported. Availability and implementation: http://waggawagga.motorprotein. de Contact: mako@nmr.mpibpc. mpg.de
Effects of Sequence and Variety of Irrelevant Items on Visual Search

An experiment was done to determine how the sequence and variety of irrelevant items affects the speed of visual search. Three subjects searched for a target letter in sequences of predominantly alternating or repeating letters. Search through repeating sequences was faster than search through alternating sequences. Increasing the variety of irrelevant letters slowed search through alternating but not repeating sequences. Implications regarding eye fixations during visual search are discussed.
Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among Health Care Workers in Earthquake-Affected Areas in Southwest China

The symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and associated risk factors were investigated among health care workers in earthquake-affected areas in southwest China. 343 health care workers completed the Chinese version of the Impact of Event Scale–Revised 3 mo. after the Wenchuan Earthquake. The prevalence of probable PTSD was 19%. The significant risk factors identified for PTSD severity included being female, being bereaved, being injured, and higher intensity of initial fear. These findings suggest that PTSD is a common mental health problem among health care workers in earthquake-affected areas. The present information can be useful in directing, strengthening, and evaluating disaster-related mental health needs and interventions after an earthquake.
Novel fully electronic active real-time millimeter-wave imaging system based on a planar multistatic sparse array

The interest on active millimeter-wave and microwave imaging systems is increasing nowadays due to their utilization in security, medical, and industrial applications. Imaging systems using monostatic arrays suffer from the high number of antenna positions, making a fully electronic solution very costly and impractical. Multistatic arrays, however, offer the chance for high reduction factors in the number of antennas, and then allow for fully electronic solutions. Here, a new array architecture is presented, which is suitable for real-time operation and is capable of delivering high image quality in means of resolution and dynamic range. An example array is demonstrated for operation from 72 to 80 GHz. The imaging system hardware is introduced, along with imaging results of humans.
Proposal Title : Physics-Based Probabilistic Model of the Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Polymeric Insulators of Electric Cables used in Nuclear Power Plants

The goal of the proposed project is to develop a probabilistic prediction model of time-to-failure of cable jackets subject to radiation caused polymer degradation manifested in change is tensile strength and resistivity. The main deliverable of the purposed program will be a C++ based simulation code for the probabilistic prediction of the degradation of polymeric insulators of electric cables due to ionizing radiation. The code will be readily compatible with the MOOSE/Grizzly [1] framework developed at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) for multi-physics simulations. The proposed project will combine theoretical and experimental findings during the course of the research to build radiation caused degradation models for environments consisting of air at different levels of relative humidity, various temperatures, as well as liquid water. Acknowledging the complexities and limitations of fully physics based models, the proposed approach will take two promising technical steps. First, based on more fundamental understanding at molecular levels, we will introduce the notion of “damage precursor” as a key element in developing functional relation between dose levels and mechanical and electrical failure criteria. A damage precursor can be defined as any deviation from normal characteristics of micro-structural properties or any recognizable physical trend towards a failure-inducing threshold. Second, we use a hybrid modeling approach that fuses physics-based and data-driven approaches to produce better predictive power with reduced uncertainty.
Two-way representations and weighted automata

We study the series realized by weighted two-way automata, that are strictly more powerful than weighted one-way automata. To this end, we consider the Hadamard product and the Hadamard iteration of formal power series. We introduce two-way representations and show that the series they realize are the solutions of fixed-point equations. In rationally additive semirings, we prove that two-way automata are equivalent to two-way representations, and, for some specific classes of two-way automata, rotating and sweeping automata, we give a characterization of the series that can be realized.
Lowering the Age at Menarche and Risk of Early Menarche in a Population of Spanish Postmenopausal Women During the Past Two Decades

Aim. The purpose of this study is to confirm in our population the decreasing secular trend in the age of menarche (AAM) observed in other European countries. Another aim is to investigate the association between early menarche and breast cancer, metabolic disorders risk or early menopause. Materials and Methods We conducted a nationwide population-based study of 1980 Caucasoid Spanish postmenopausal women from 2003 to 2006 to investigate the AAM, the duration of the fertile period and the relation of early menarche with breast cancer and some metabolic disorders. Results Regression analysis of AAM demonstrates a trend towards the younger AAM in our population during the past decades (P > 0.001). Parallel to this decrease we observe a significant increase in the fertility period and the height of our population (P < 0.001). In the women with AAM less than 11 years, there is an increased risk of hypercholesterolaemia, being overweight and obesity. However, early menarche does not raise the risk of adult onset diabetes, hypertension or breast cancer. Conclusions These data indicate a decreasing secular trend of AAM in a Spanish population in the last decades. Furthermore, hypercholesterolaemia and obesity, but not breast cancer, appears to be influenced by younger AAM. Only women who have their menarche at the age of nine years or less are more likely to have an earlier menopause.
Autonomic receptor function in the lower urinary tract of man and cat.

Autonomic receptor function was studied in vitro in smooth muscle strips from the lower urinary tract of children and cats. In strips from the dome of the bladder, cholinergic and β-adrenergic, but no α-adrenergic receptor function was demonstrated. In the bladder base as well as in the proximal urethra cholinergic and both α- and β-adrenergic receptors were found. This suggests that the sympathetic nervous system can subserve relaxation in the dome of the bladder and both contraction and relaxation in the bladder base as well as in the proximal urethra.