Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting cognitive, motor, behavioral and executive functioning in children with phenylketonuria

We administered measures of cognitive, frontal lobe (executive), behavioral and motor functioning to 18 children with classical phenylketonuria, aged 12–101 months, in order to determine the relationship of age, current and lifetime average phenylalanine levels, and individual variation (standard deviation of lifetime average levels) to these functions. On measures of cognitive function, in children ≥ 3 y of age lower current phenylalanine levels were associated with higher cognitive functioning. On a behavioral temperament scale designed for normal children, we found that higher current and average phenylalanine levels correlated with more difficult temperament. Motor function was also poorer in children with phenylketonuria, and was most impaired in children with current phenylalanine levels >360μmol/l. We also identified a previously unreported correlation between increased individual variation and poorer executive function performance, a finding that may raise new management concerns about level fluctuations. Maintenance of phenylalanine levels μ 360 μml/l may be necessary for optimal performance in children with phenylketonuria.
Design and Implementation of Area Optimized Low Power Reversible Digital Multiplier

Heat generation is the major drawback in conventional or irreversible electronic circuits or systems.In 1961,Rolf landaeur proved this drawback.But in 1973,Benett given the solution for this drawback.Benett told that,there will be no or very less heat generation or energy dissipation,if the computation was reversible.So,the reversible logic is a solution for this drawback.Reversible logic can avoid the problem of heat generation, improves the system performance. This paper proposed an area optimized low power reversible digital multiplier. It was implemented in Xilinx-Spartan6 FPGA board and designed in SYMICA DE tool with final results.
Regular Paths in SparQL: Querying the NCI Thesaurus

OWL, the Web Ontology Language, provides syntax and semantics for representing knowledge for the semantic web. Many of the constructs of OWL have a basis in the field of description logics. While the formal underpinnings of description logics have lead to a highly computable language, it has come at a cognitive cost. OWL ontologies are often unintuitive to readers lacking a strong logic background. In this work we describe GLEEN, a regular path expression library, which extends the RDF query language SparQL to support complex path expressions over OWL and other RDF-based ontologies. We illustrate the utility of GLEEN by showing how it can be used in a query-based approach to defining simpler, more intuitive views of OWL ontologies. In particular we show how relatively simple GLEEN-enhanced SparQL queries can create views of the OWL version of the NCI Thesaurus that match the views generated by the web-based NCI browser.
Delivering Learning on the Net: the Why, What & How of Online Education

125 © International Forum of Educational Technology & Society (IFETS). The authors and the forum jointly retain the copyright of the articles. Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than IFETS must be honoured. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers, or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from the authors of the articles you wish to copy or kinshuk@massey.ac. nz. Delivering Learning on the Net: the Why, What & How of Online Education (Book Review)
Physical training intervention in female shift workers: I. The effects of intervention on fitness, fatigue, sleep, and psychosomatic symptoms.

A physical training intervention was carried out on 75 nurses and nursing aides working irregular shifts to determine the effects of such an intervention on health, sleep-wakefulness and adaptation to shiftwork. The study design and changes in physical fitness, fatigue, sleep and psychosomatic symptoms are examined. Training (T) and control (C) groups were built randomly from matched sets of subjects. Questionnaire, laboratory and field studies were done before and after a controlled physical training programme lasting four months. Maximal oxygen consumption and muscle strength increased and heart rates at rest and at work decreased significantly in the T but not in the C group. General fatique during the shift cycle, and fatigue during the night shifts were reduced, whereas fatigue during the evening shifts increased owing to the intervention. Sleep length increased slightly and musculoskeletal symptoms were reduced. The results suggest that moderate physical training increases the physical fitness of fe.
Compartmentalization of defined epitopes expressed in Escherichia coli has only a minor influence on efficiency of phagocytic processing for presentation by class I and class II major histocompatibility complex molecules to T cells

The effect of abundance and compartmentalization of antigenic epitopes expressed in Escherichia coli on phagocytic processing was studied by expressing fusion proteins containing the epitope from positions 52 to 61 of hen egg white lysozyme [HEL(52-61)], which binds the I-Ak murine major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecule or the epitope from positions 257 to 264 of chicken egg ovalbumin [OVA(257-264]), which binds the Kb murine MHC-I molecule. Epitopes expressed as fusion proteins in the outer membrane protein LamB allowed exposure of the epitopes either at the bacterial surface, in the periplasmic space, or in the cytoplasm. Regardless of epitope compartmentalization within the bacterium, MHC-II-restricted or MHC-I-restricted presentation to T hybridoma cells occurred after macrophages phagocytosed bacteria producing the HEL(52-61) epitope or the OVA(257-264) epitope, respectively. Increased epitope abundance within a given microbial compartment resulted in increased processing and presentation to epitope-specific T hybridoma cells. Minor differences in the efficiency of epitope processing between the constructs was observed, and the HEL or OVA epitope exposed in the periplasmic space was processed most efficiently compared with the surface- or cytoplasm-localized epitopes. These differences could be overcome by increasing the amount of epitope per bacterium as little as two to five times. The minor differences in processing efficiency may be due to differing protein contexts of the epitope as well as differing epitope compartmentalizations within the bacteria. Thus, production of abundant epitope is the important parameter influencing processing of epitopes expressed in E. coli to induce T-cell responses rather than targeting of an epitope to a specific bacterial compartment.
Smokers' beliefs about “Light” and “Ultra Light” cigarettes

OBJECTIVE To assess beliefs about the tar and nicotine delivery characteristics and health benefits of Light and Ultra Light cigarettes among cigarette smokers. DESIGN Random digit dialed telephone survey conducted in September 1999. SUBJECTS Daily smokers (n = 2120) of Regular (46%), Light (39%), and Ultra Light (15%) cigarettes in the USA. The sample was weighted to match the US smoker population on age, sex, and ethnicity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Beliefs about Light and Ultra Light cigarettes were summarised on three dimensions: Safety (reduced health risk), Delivery (lowered tar and nicotine delivery), and Sensation (less harsh). RESULTS Most smokers believed Lights and Ultra Lights were less harsh and delivered less tar and nicotine. On average, smokers believed that Lights afforded a 25% reduction in risk, and Ultra Lights a 33% reduction in risk. Light and Ultra Light cigarette smokers evaluated the risks of their own cigarette types more favourably. Light smokers had greater interest in quitting than Ultra Light smokers. Quitting intention was modestly related to beliefs about these cigarettes. Believing that Lights and Ultra Lights delivered less tar and nicotine and that they were less harsh each independently contributed to the belief that these cigarettes were safer. CONCLUSIONS Many Light and Ultra Light smokers believe that smoking these cigarettes impart a substantial health benefit, due in part to their experience that these cigarettes are less harsh and the belief that these cigarettes deliver less tar.
Singing from the same sheet: computational melodic similarity measurement and copyright law

Musical plagiarism is an area of law that is not only of interest to lawyers but captures the curiosity of the public, induces apprehension in the composer and now intrigues the computer scientist. Attention increases in the case of celebrated artists when the revenue is likely to be significant, and when the allegation is one of a perceived similarity between the infringing and infringed works. Despite the broad interest and frequently high commercial significance of this issue, there has been little systematic research into what constitutes musical plagiarism from either a technical or perceptual perspective. This article discusses some suggestions made to date for introducing a technical measurement of musical similarity in copyright disputes before presenting our own computational system. The novelty of our proposal arises from an interdisciplinary approach combining computational, musicological, and psychological perspectives to emulate legal principles, mimic the reasonable listener as well as copy the type of evidence often presented in these cases.
A Highly Conserved Mechanism of Regulated Ribosome Stalling Mediated by Fungal Arginine Attenuator Peptides That Appears Independent of the Charging Status of Arginyl-tRNAs*

The Arg attenuator peptide (AAP) is an evolutionarily conserved peptide involved in Arg-specific negative translational control. It is encoded as an upstream open reading frame (uORF) in fungal mRNAs specifying the small subunit of Arg-specific carbamoyl phosphate synthetase. We examined the functions of theSaccharomyces cerevisiae CPA1 and Neurospora crassa arg-2 AAPs using translation extracts from S. cerevisiae, N. crassa, and wheat germ. Synthetic RNA containing AAP and firefly luciferase (LUC) sequences were used to program translation; analyses of LUC activity indicated that the AAPs conferred Arg-specific negative regulation in each system. The AAPs functioned either as uORFs or fused in-frame at the N terminus of LUC. Mutant AAPs lacking function in vivo did not functionin vitro. Therefore, trans-acting factors conferring AAP-mediated regulation are in both fungal and plant systems. Analyses of ribosome stalling in the fungal extracts by primer extension inhibition (toeprint) assays showed that these AAPs acted similarly to stall ribosomes in the region immediately distal to the AAP coding region in response to Arg. The regulatory effect increased as the Arg concentration increased; all of the arginyl-tRNAs examined appeared maximally charged at low Arg concentrations. Therefore, AAP-mediated Arg-specific regulation appeared independent of the charging status of arginyl-tRNA.
Choice of anticoagulant critically affects measurement of circulating platelet-leukocyte complexes.

In circulation, platelets adhere to leukocytes forming relatively stable complexes that have been reported to be elevated in cases of unstable angina, myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, and postangioplasty restenosis.1–10 For this reason, measurement of circulating platelet-leukocyte complexes has been proposed as an early and accurate marker of in vivo platelet activation and myocardial injury after infarction.9,10 Increased levels of such complexes have also been noted in a range of chronic inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, end-stage renal failure, type I diabetes, and systemic lupus erythematosus.11–13 In the majority of published studies that have examined platelet-monocyte or platelet-polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocyte complexes in human peripheral venous blood, sodium citrate (0.32 to 0.38%), a calcium-depleting agent, has been used as the blood anticoagulant. Because platelet adhesion to leukocytes is predominantly mediated by calcium-dependent interactions between platelet P-selectin and its leukocyte counter-receptor, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1),14 we aimed to determine whether calcium depletion by sodium citrate could affect …
Embryogenèse somatique directe sur fragments de feuilles de caféier Arabusta

Essais de formation d'embryons somatiques sur fragments de feuilles prelevees sur les ramifications plagiotropes de divers clones d'Arabusta. On utilise un milieu de Murashige et Skoog modifie. L'embryogenese somatique directe sans formation de cal est obtenue sur milieux riches en cytokinines et depourvus d'auxine. Les embryons somatiques peuvent egalement etre obtenus apres formation de cals primaires ou secondaires tres fortement embryogenes. L'embryogenese somatique directe, bien que d'un rendement moindre que celle sur cal secondaire, devrait conduire a un meilleur niveau de conformite
Biodiesel Production over nano-MgO Supported on Titania

— Nano-MgO was successfully deposited on titania using deposition-precipitation method. The catalyst produced was characterised using FTIR, XRD, BET and XRF and its activity was tested on the transesterification reaction of soybean oil to biodiesel. The catalyst activity improved when the reaction temperature was increasedfrom 150 and 225 O C. It was also observed that increasing the reaction time above 1h had no significant benefit on conversion. The stability fixed MgO on TiO 2 was investigated using XRF and ICP-OES. It was observed that MgO loss during the reaction was between 0.5-2.3 percent and that there was no correlation between the reaction temperature and the MgO loss.
Burkitt lymphoma/leukaemia transformed from a precursor B cell: clinical and molecular aspects

Burkitt lymphoma/leukaemia (BL/L) is a heterogeneous disease with respect to epidemiological patterns and cell origin. The occurrence of BL/L with an immature phenotype raises the question whether this phenotype might be a consequence of early B‐cell transformation or, alternatively, a secondary feature of transformed, mature B cells. It also poses important clinical questions regarding diagnosis and therapeutic procedures. Here we describe the case of a 4‐yr‐old child with BL/L and FAB L3 morphology, with phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of a CD10+ precursor B‐cell acute lymphoid leukaemia (ALL) associated with t(8;14)(q24;q32). Molecular analysis showed expression of RAG1 and RAG2 and an unmutated VDJCμ immunoglobulin rearrangement coinciding with a lack of AICDA expression, indicating an immature B‐cell origin. His clinical response suggested that FAB L3 ALL with MYC rearrangement and an aberrant precursor B‐cell phenotype is clinically similar to BL/L. Moreover, short, intensive chemotherapeutic protocols seemed to be beneficial. This case also allowed us to refine the description of cellular and molecular variants of BL/L regarding the cell origin and pathogenesis of this biologically heterogeneous disease.
Trimetazidine Diminishes Fasting Glucose in Rats With Fasting Hyperglycemia: A Preliminary Study

Trimetazidine is a drug with cardioprotective properties used in coronary artery disease. Its effect has been attributed to the inhibition of the long chain fatty acids intramitochondrial transport via carnitine-palmitoyl-transferase-1. Clinical evidence supports the possibility that trimetazidine is able to improve the fasting glycemia in diabetic patients. For this reason, the objective of the present study was to determine the effect of trimetazidine on serum glucose of Sprague-Dawley rats with fasting hyperglycemia. All animals received water and food “ad libitum. ” Blood glucose was measured weekly to confirm fasting hyperglycemia in rats. The rats were treated for 1 month with trimetazidine (1 mg/kg), and blood samples were collected (in the fasting period) on the last day of treatment (the 30th day); and then on the 15th day posttreatment, measurements of plasma glucose were taken. Fasting plasma levels after 30 days of trimetazidine administration decreased significantly from 141.2 ± 3.3 mg/dL (pre-drug) to 120.9 ± 5.8 mg/dL (P < 0.01). 15 days after the end of treatment, fasting plasma glucose levels (137.0 ± 7.0 mg/dL) were close to the pretreatment levels but significantly different (P < 0.05) from levels on day 30 of treatment. These data suggest that trimetazidine improved blood glucose utilization in rats with fasting hyperglycemia.
Effect of Anti‐Tumor Necrosis Factor-&agr; Gene Therapy on Wear Debris‐Induced Osteolysis

Background: Particle phagocytosis by macrophages induces the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-&agr;, which is involved in the development of an osteolytic response. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether gene delivery of a soluble inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-&agr; (sTNFR:Fc) could prevent wear debris‐induced osteolysis in a mouse model. sTNFR:Fc is a fusion protein containing the extracellular domain of the human type-I tumor necrosis factor receptor fused to the Fc region of mouse immunoglobulin. It acts by binding to tumor necrosis factor-&agr; and preventing signaling through the membrane‐bound tumor necrosis factor receptors. Methods: An adenoviral vector encoding the LacZ gene (Ad.CMV‐NlacZ) was propagated and was tested for its ability to transduce calvarial tissue. Ad.CMV‐TNFR:Fc (encoding sTNFR:Fc) or Ad.CMV‐NlacZ was administered to CBAxB6 mice in the presence or absence of titanium particles implanted onto the calvaria. Serum levels of sTNFR:Fc were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the mice were killed on the tenth postoperative day for histological analysis. The experiments were repeated in athymic nude mice to avoid complications associated with the adenovirus‐specific immune response. Results: Administration of the control virus (Ad.CMV-NlacZ) transduced 10% of the cells in the periosteum. Ad.CMV‐NlacZ treatment of sham-treated or titanium‐treated animals induced significant bone resorption and osteoclastogenesis above control levels (that is, those in animals not treated with a virus). Treatment with the sTNFR:Fc virus did not reduce bone resorption or osteoclast numbers below control levels in CBAxB6 mice. In the athymic mice, no increase in the midline sagittal suture area or osteoclastogenesis was observed after treatment with the control vector and sTNFR:Fc gene therapy reduced the suture area to background levels. Conclusions: An immunologic response to Ad.CMV‐NlacZ was most likely responsible for the increase in bone resorption and osteoclastogenesis in the animals treated with the control vector alone. In the athymic mice, in the absence of this immune response, sTNFR:Fc gene therapy reduced bone resorption in the midline sagittal suture area but had no effect on osteoclastogenesis. Clinical Relevance: These results indicate that adenoviral vectors should not be used for gene therapy for the prevention of osteolysis. The results of adenovirus‐mediated gene therapy in other systems should also be questioned because of the strong immune response to this vector. However, administration of the sTNFR:Fc gene in a different, nonimmunogenic vector may be useful for the treatment or prevention of wear debris‐induced osteolysis.
Endogenous Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Cell Suspensions for Chemopreventive Drug Monitoring¶

Abstract Cancer chemopreventive agents such as N-4-(hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4HPR) are thought to prevent cancers by suppressing growth or inducing apoptosis in precancerous cells. Mechanisms by which these drugs affect cells are often not known, and the means to monitor their effects is not available. In this study endogenous fluorescence spectroscopy was used to measure metabolic changes in response to treatment with 4HPR in ovarian and bladder cancer cell lines. Fluorescence signals consistent with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and tryptophan were measured to monitor cellular activity through redox status and protein content. Cells were treated with varying concentrations of 4HPR and measured in a stable environment with a sensitive fluorescence spectrometer. Results suggest that redox signal of all cells changed in a similar dose-dependant manner but started at different baseline levels. Redox signal changes depended primarily on changes consistent with NADH fluorescence, whereas the FAD fluorescence remained relatively constant. Similarly, tryptophan fluorescence decreased with increased drug treatment, suggesting a decrease in protein production. Given that each cell line has been shown to have a different apoptotic response to 4HPR, fluorescence redox values along with changes in tryptophan fluorescence may be a response as well as an endpoint marker for chemopreventive drugs.
Do tree-ring stable isotope compositions faithfully record tree carbon/water dynamics?

Stable carbon and oxygen isotope compositions in tree rings (δ13C and δ18O, respectively) have long been suggested as recording both environmental conditions (e.g., Libby et al. 1976, Gray and Thompson 1977, Wilson and Grinsted 1977) and plant response to the environment (Francey and Farquhar 1982, Saurer et al. 1997, Roden and Ehleringer 1999, Scheidegger et al. 2000). Despite this long history of research,