Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Balanced Load Clustering with Trusted Multipath Relay Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network

Clustering is one of an eminent mechanism which deals with large number of nodes and effective consumption of energy in wireless sensor networks (WSN). Balanced Load Clustering is used to balance the channel bandwidth by incorporating the concept of HMAC. Presently several research studies works to improve the quality of service and energy efficiency of WSN but the security issues are not taken care of. Relay based multipath trust is one of the methods to secure the network. To this end, a novel approach called Balanced Load Clustering with Trusted Multipath Relay Routing Protocol (BLC-TMR2) to improve the performance of the network. The proposed protocol consists of two algorithms. Initially in order to reduce the energy consumption of the network, balanced load clustering (BLC) concepts is introduced. Secondly to secure the network from the malicious activity trusted multipath relay routing protocol (TMR2) is used. Multipath routing is monitored by the relay node and it computed the trust values. Network simulation (NS2) software is used to obtain the results and the results prove that the proposed system performs better the earlier methods the in terms of efficiency, consumption, QoS and throughput.
X-band Rectangular to Square Waveguide Transition for Transmitarray Unit Cell Characterization

In this paper, a characterization setup for transmitarray unit cell analysis is designed in CST studio using rectangular to square waveguide transition for X-band applications. A wideband transmitarray unit cell is designed using split ring resonator and unit cell simulations show wide impedance matching bandwidth of 43.7%. In this simulation, the waveguide transition length is varied to reduce the reflection coefficient magnitudes below −20dB. Then, the square cross section area of waveguide is made variable and cutoff frequency variation over 4GHz is illustrated. Finally, the model for real time test setup is simulated along with the transmitarray unit cell and the results show high transmission magnitude of -O.23dB. This setup can also be used for other frequency selective surface unit cells characterization.
Industrial device manufacturing process technologies toward the future: Invited Paper

ICT, IoT, 5G, Eco, Mobile society and solution need more and more semiconductors and sensors. We, SPP-Technologies (SPT) have an extensive experience and deep knowledge on the plasma processing for volume production. There are plasma etching including Bosch process, several deposition technologies, thermal processing and other process technologies for industrial device manufacturing.
RGB Imaging Based Estimation of Leaf Chlorophyll Content

Leaf chlorophyll content (LCC) is an important indicator of plant health. It can reveal for instance whether the plant has received too much or too little nutrients (nitrogen in particular). Corrective measures based on early diagnosis of nitrogen deficiency can prevent yield reduction. Optical approaches to estimating LCC are typically based on measuring the reflectance of leaves (close-range sensing) or canopy (remote sensing) with a spectrophotometer or a hyperspectral sensor. Given the cost of such devices, the use of colour cameras for LCC estimation has recently gained interest. However, existing approaches are mostly designed for very close range sensing, i.e. they allow the measurement of LCC for a single plant at a time, which limits their usefulness in practice. Furthermore, they do not exploit the anisotropic reflective properties of leaves and canopies. To investigate the feasibility of RGB imaging for remote sensing-based estimation of canopy LCC, we present a simulation based on a plant canopy reflectance model. An RGB camera model was used to generate RGB images with various reference illuminants and from 10 different viewing angles. We then applied linear and neural network based regression to predict LCC from RGB values without white balance. Results indicate a significant potential to use RGB sensors for remote sensing LCC estimation, particularly with a multi-angle approach.
Circularly-Polarized Shaped Pattern Planar Antenna for Aerial Platforms

Circularly-polarized planar antenna with a shaped pattern for airborne applications, is proposed in this letter. The proposed antenna consists of vertically-polarized formation and horizontally-polarized stubs to provide circularly-polarized configuration, which is loaded by a copper curl based top layer to control current distribution for beam shaping and filling of zenith null. The antenna also contains split ring resonators beside partial ground to make it deployable over larger ground planes (metallic bodies) without distorting circular polarization by controlling phase of reflected waves. The power density of presented airborne shaped pattern antenna differs for variant elevation and azimuth angles, to have uniform wireless coverage over the earth’s surface by managing variations of the signal strength because of different path lengths. The demonstrated antenna also possesses circular polarization and direction based circular polarization diversity at angles against the greatest path-lengths. Antenna retains a null-filled pattern in the vertical plane along with having high absolute peak gain (5.5 ± 1 dBi) and adequate peak polarization gain (2 to 4 dBi) through-out the operational bandwidth from 2.82 GHz to 2.89 GHz (Measured reflection coefficient less than −10 dB). Moreover, the radiating element exhibits omnidirectional radiation characteristics, with good horizontal gain (greater than −3.6 dBi).
Automating CUDA Synchronization via Program Transformation

While CUDA has been the most popular parallel computing platform and programming model for general purpose GPU computing, CUDA synchronization undergoes significant challenges for GPU programmers due to its intricate parallel computing mechanism and coding practices. In this paper, we propose AuCS, the first general framework to automate synchronization for CUDA kernel functions. AuCS transforms the original LLVM-level CUDA program control flow graph in a semantic-preserving manner for exploring the possible barrier function locations. Accordingly, AuCS develops mechanisms to correctly place barrier functions for automating synchronization in multiple erroneous (challenging-to-be-detected) synchronization scenarios, including data race, barrier divergence, and redundant barrier functions. To evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of AuCS, we conduct an extensive set of experiments and the results demonstrate that AuCS can automate 20 out of 24 erroneous synchronization scenarios.
Episodic Detection of Spoofed Data In Synchrophasor Measurement Streams

Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) provide high-quality state information about the electrical grid in near-real time. However, as utilities become more reliant on these measurements, the devices themselves as well as the communication network that supports them will likely become a more prominent attack surface for cyber threats. In this paper, we demonstrate a system designed to find anomalous PMU data–specifically data that is intended to provide false signal readings (spoofed data) over a period of time. Our system uses support vector machines to distinguish between “normal” system operation and “spoofed” operation. The work presented here makes three main contributions. Specifically, we demonstrate: (1) a SVM-based classifier that has reasonable longevity (i.e., once trained, the classifier remains valid for a reasonable length of time); (2) a distributed version of our classifier that improves the efficiency and scalability; and (3) the classifiers above can be used to detect spoofs at different levels of fidelity which can have a dramatic effect on their suitability in a real-world operating environment.
Vanadium Dioxide-Based Bifunctional Metamaterial for Terahertz Waves

A vanadium dioxide-based multilayer metamaterial is proposed with bifunctional properties of absorption and polarization conversion. When vanadium dioxide is in the metallic state, the designed system behaves as a single-band absorber which is composed of a vanadium dioxide disk-shaped array, a silica spacer, and a vanadium dioxide continuous film. The performance of absorption can be tuned by changing either the diameter of disk or the thickness of silica. The design of this absorber is robust against incident polarization and incident angle. The proposed single-band absorber may be generally applied for plasmonic detection, cavity resonator, and optical band-stop filter. When vanadium dioxide is in the insulating state, the designed system behaves as a cross polarization converter which mainly consists of a one-dimensional metallic strip-shaped array, a silica spacer, and a metallic continuous film. The designed metamaterial can convert a linear plane wave into its corresponding cross-polarized wave with the efficiency of >90% in the frequency of 2.0-3.0 THz. The physical mechanism of polarization conversion is explained by a simple picture. The proposed metamaterial could be a potential candidate for the modern device of polarization control.
OAUTHLINT: An Empirical Study on OAuth Bugs in Android Applications

Mobile developers use OAuth APIs to implement Single-Sign-On services. However, the OAuth protocol was originally designed for the authorization for third-party websites not to authenticate users in third-party mobile apps. As a result, it is challenging for developers to correctly implement mobile OAuth securely. These vulnerabilities due to the misunderstanding of OAuth and inexperience of developers could lead to data leakage and account breach. In this paper, we perform an empirical study on the usage of OAuth APIs in Android applications and their security implications. In particular, we develop OAUTHLINT, that incorporates a query-driven static analysis to automatically check programs on the Google Play marketplace. OAUTHLINT takes as input an anti-protocol that encodes a vulnerable pattern extracted from the OAuth specifications and a program P. Our tool then generates a counter-example if the anti-protocol can match a trace of Ps possible executions. To evaluate the effectiveness of our approach, we perform a systematic study on 600+ popular apps which have more than 10 millions of downloads. The evaluation shows that 101 (32%) out of 316 applications that use OAuth APIs make at least one security mistake.
MutAPK: Source-Codeless Mutant Generation for Android Apps

The amount of Android application is having a tremendous increasing trend, exerting pressure over practitioners and researchers around application quality, frequent releases, and quick fixing of bugs. This pressure leads practitioners to make usage of automated approaches based on using source-code as input. Nevertheless, third-party services are not able to use these approaches due to privacy factors. In this paper we present MutAPK, an open source mutation testing tool that enables the usage of APK as input for this task. MutAPK generates mutants without the need of having access to source code, because the mutations are done in an intermediate representation of the code (i.e., SMALI) that does not require compilation. MutAPK is publicly available at GitHub: https://bit.ly/2KYvgP9 VIDEO: https://bit.ly/2WOjiyy
Investigation of Heart Rate Changes before and during/after Smoking Events in Free Living Conditions

Smoking remains the leading cause of preventable mortality and mobility in the world. To assist smoking cessation and promote healthcare for this vulnerable smoking population at low cost and in large scale, a mobile-health solution comprising wearable sensors and mobile phones is more and more widely adopted by researchers. Nonetheless, data especially smoking-related physiological signals collected from such system have not been fully exploited yet. This work has investigated into smokers' profile of electrocardiogram signal measured by a wearable chest patch sensor while they were smoking in real life settings. We implement a time-series clustering technique to model heart rate profile before and during/after smoking events occurred. Statistical analysis on 27 subjects has shown a clear increase of heart rate after smoking, which confirms with findings from other laboratory studies in the literature. And a 15-minute window before and after naturalistic smoking is most suitable to observe such significant changes. Furthermore, using time series distance calculated by dynamic time warping algorithm, we could cluster the heart rate profiles within this period into a few groups, to which we refer as smoking pattern templates. Smoking pattern templates has the potential to be used in automatic detection of smoking events within smoking dishabituation programs and provide new insights into craving, emotion and relapse.
Occupation and Health: A Review of Selected Literature

Occupational therapy is based on the belief that people can influence the state of their health through what they do. However, there appears to be a shortage of evidence to support this belief. This paper describes a review of selected literature on the effects of occupation on health. The aims were to review how occupation and health are defined in the occupational therapy literature; to find synonyms for these two terms to enable a search for relevant literature; to review evidence for a relationship between what people do and their health; and to identify factors that mediate the relationship between occupation and health. The review had five main findings: occupation and health are defined in a variety of ways by occupational therapists; there is a wealth of literature, representing a number of disciplines and a wide range of research, that explores the relationship between occupation and health; engaging in occupation carries both potential health benefits and risks to health; there is limited knowledge of the ways in which occupation influences health; and the impact of occupation on health is mediated by a complex range of factors. These findings have implications for occupational therapy research, practice and education.
Dynamic Optimal Radio Resource Management Scheme for V2V

In this paper, a radio resource allocation scheme supporting V2V is proposed. The proposed scheme can enable the vehicle networking users to dynamically and intelligently utilize the spectrum resources without relying on the information exchange conditions between users, and the spectrum utilization efficiency can reach the theoretical maximum. Firstly, this paper proposes a scenario in which cognitive users and authorized users share spectrum resources friendly: in spectrum sharing, cognitive users find and use spectrum resources that are not used by authorized users, cognitive users can share spectrum resources fairly and efficiently, and cognitive users need to avoid interference to authorized users. Secondly, a dynamic optimal radio resource management scheme is proposed, which can give users the ability to predict, dynamically and intelligently discover and compete spectrum resources, and realize the requirements of the proposed communication scenario of the Internet of vehicles. Finally, for this scheme, V2V simulation scheme based on OFDMA system is designed and the simulation is carried out on MATLAB. The simulation results show that this scheme can effectively improve the channel utilization, achieve good system performance in different scenarios, dynamically and intelligently identify the idle frequency band, and the channel capacity is close to twice of the traditional Nash game scheme.
Prognostic Values of Tumor Necrosis Factor/Cachectin, Interleukin-l, Interferon-α, and Interferon-γ in the Serum of Patients with Septic Shock

: Serum concentrations of immunoreactive tumor necrosis factor/cachectin (TNF), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interferon-gamma (IFN gamma), and interferon-alpha (IFN alpha) were prospectively measured in 70 patients with septic shock to determine their evolution and prognostic values. In a univariate analysis, levels of TNF (P = .002) and IL-1 beta (P = .05) were associated with the patient's outcome, but not IFN alpha (P = .15) and IFN gamma (P = .26). In contrast, in a stepwise logistic regression analysis, the severity of the underlying disease (P = .01), the age of the patient (P = .02), the documentation of infection (nonbacteremic infections vs. bacteremias, P = .03), the urine output (P = .04), and the arterial pH (P = .05) contributed more significantly to prediction of patient outcome than the serum levels of TNF (P = .07). After 10 days, the median concentration of TNF was undetectable (less than 100 pg/ml) in the survivors, whereas it remained elevated (305 pg/ml, P = .002) in the nonsurvivors. Thus, in patients with septic shock due to various gram-negative bacteria, other parameters than the absolute serum concentration of immunoreactive TNF contributed significantly to the prediction of outcome.
Cortical Transformation of Stimulus Space in Order to Linearize a Linearly Inseparable Task

Abstract The human brain is able to learn difficult categorization tasks, even ones that have linearly inseparable boundaries; however, it is currently unknown how it achieves this computational feat. We investigated this by training participants on an animal categorization task with a linearly inseparable prototype structure in a morph shape space. Participants underwent fMRI scans before and after 4 days of behavioral training. Widespread representational changes were found throughout the brain, including an untangling of the categories' neural patterns that made them more linearly separable after behavioral training. These neural changes were task dependent, as they were only observed while participants were performing the categorization task, not during passive viewing. Moreover, they were found to occur in frontal and parietal areas, rather than ventral temporal cortices, suggesting that they reflected attentional and decisional reweighting, rather than changes in object recognition templates. These results illustrate how the brain can flexibly transform neural representational space to solve computationally challenging tasks.
Holey Glide-Symmetric Filters for 5G at Millimeter-Wave Frequencies

A fully metallic glide-symmetric waveguide filter with transmission in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Ka$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-band and attenuation at its second harmonic is proposed. The filter is low-loss and cost-effective for high frequencies, and it can be easily integrated with an antenna. Glide symmetry and the possibility of breaking this symmetry provide an additional degree of freedom for passband and stopband control. A new kind of 2-D glide symmetry, referred to as braided glide symmetry, is presented, showing an increased attenuation per unit cell.
Capital Markets and Colonial Institutions in China

We ask whether the institutions introduced in Chinese Treaty Ports by Western powers from 1842 to 1943 had an impact on capital market development in China as evidenced by interest rates. We estimate annual interest rates for 205 prefectures throughout China over the years 1820-1911 by measuring carrying costs of grain. The key finding are: first, that interest rates in China rose during the 19th century, and were on the whole higher than they were in the 18th century. Second, difference-in-differences estimation shows that treaty port institutions lowered interest rates significantly, not only in the immediate vicinity of the treaty ports but more broadly. The magnitude of the decline was about 25%. 1 Hoover Institution, Stanford University, 434 Galvez, Stanford, CA 94304. Also affiliated with NBER and CEPR. Email: wolfgang.keller@colorado.edu 2 Hoover Institution, Stanford University, 434 Galvez, Stanford, CA 94304. Also affiliated with NBER and CEPR. Email: carol.shiue@gmail.com We thank seminar audiences at Stanford University and the CEPR Economic History Symposium for comments. Generous support from National Science Foundation (Grants SES 0453040 and 1124426)) is gratefully acknowledged.
A Fast and Efficient Simulation Method for Inductive Position Sensors Design

Inductive position sensors (IPSs) are contactless sensors used for detecting the absolute position of an item in case of angular or linear motion. The active sensing part is manufactured by positioning copper traces on a printed circuit board (PCB) in order to obtain a system of transmitting and receiving coils. A designing procedure based on trial-and-error method is not considerable because of the low time and costs efficiency of the process. Therefore, the here presented coil design process aims at efficiently evaluating the performance of each sensor before its industrial production and application. The simulation is based on the sequential solution of different eddy current problems in the frequency domain by using a fast and efficient surface integral formulation in place of the much more widely diffused commercial finite element (FE) codes. Due to this innovative practice, simulation time can be reduced to some tens of seconds thus allowing the evaluation of many design and the final performance of the sensor can be deeply enhanced, reducing the maximum linearity error from more than 2% up to 0.2% FS.
A High Temperature Sensor Based on Sapphire Fiber Fabry-Perot Interferometer

A sapphire fiber high temperature sensor based on Fabry-Perot interference was studied in the paper. A sapphire wafer served as the Fabry-Perot cavity was fixed to the end face of the sapphire fiber. The sensor was encapsulated in an alumina ceramic tube-ceramic sleeve structure to improve structural stability. Experiment results showed the sensor had a wide temperature measurement range of 25 °C–1550 °C. The temperature sensitivity reached 32.5 pm/°C at 1550 °C. Furthermore, the temperature was demodulated from the interference spectrum through fast Fourier transform algorithm. It was concluded that the sapphire fiber sensor with advantages of small size, good stability and a wide range of temperature measurement is very promising for measuring high temperature.
The Role of Smart Homes’ Attributes on Users’ Acceptance

Smart homes are important application of Internet of Things (IoT) that offer control and automation to residents to allow them to connect and manage home appliances intelligently. Despite its potential, the success of smart home heavily depends on accepting them by residents. Thus, this study aims to investigate the factors that influence residents’ acceptance and usage of smart home. By extending the technology acceptance model, this research focused on the role of smart home attributes on the intention to use them and investigate their impact quantitatively. The proposed conceptual model incorporates cost, personalization, and availability and study their influence on attitude towards and intention to use smart homes.
Short Frame OFDM for Sensor Networks: Time Synchronization and Channel Estimation Design

This paper focuses on the design of a low-latency and low-power OFDM communication system where devices send frames consisting of a reduced number of symbols (one OFDM symbol), with a reduced number of carriers. We study the design of the OFDM receiver blocks in terms of time synchronization and channel estimation. Furthermore, we adapt these OFDM techniques to the case of short frame transmissions in order to meet the requirements of a low-latency and low-power sensor network. Then, we analyse the performance of our solutions and we show that our design allows the system to work close to the theoretical limits. We investigate the impact of the number of pilots on time synchronization performance, and we show the advantage of adding a memory to the channel estimation block.