Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Live imaging of mouse embryos.

The development of the mouse embryo is a dynamic process that requires the spatial and temporal coordination of multiple cell types as they migrate, proliferate, undergo apoptosis, and differentiate to form complex structures. However, the confined nature of embryos as they develop in utero limits our ability to observe these morphogenetic events in vivo. Previous work has used fixed samples and histological methods such as immunofluorescence or in situ hybridization to address expression or localization of a gene of interest within a developmental time line. However, such methods do not allow us to follow the complex, dynamic movements of individual cells as the embryo develops. Genetic manipulation methods now allow us to label virtually any cell type or protein of interest fluorescently, providing powerful insights into morphogenetic events at cellular and subcellular resolutions. The development of ex vivo embryo culture methods combined with high-resolution imaging now provides a strong platform for observing morphogenetic events as they occur within the developing embryo. In this article, we discuss the advantages of live embryo imaging for observing dynamic morphogenetic events in vivo.
Measuring Parents' Perceptions of Care

This article describes the development and testing of a research instrument called Parents' Perceptions of Care (PPC). It is designed to measure the interaction between health care professionals and family members in situations where a child aged 1 to 3 years is in need of acute hospital care. Administered to the child's parents or other persons responsible for the child's care, PPC was developed using four concept categories drawn from Maijala's substantive theory of interaction. The instrument was piloted with 91 parents recruited from four hospitals in southern Finland. The construct validity of the scale was assessed by item analysis, and internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's alpha values. The results of the statistical analysis are sufficient to encourage further psychometric development.
Surface‐enhanced laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight‐mass spectrometry approach to biomarker discovery in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) exposed to polyaromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals under field conditions

Proteomics provide potential in the discovery of new sensitive biomarkers for environmental pollution. To evaluate this potential, we have utilized ProteinChip® technology to analyze the proteomic profile of blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) from polluted marine habitats surrounding the island of Karmøy, Norway. Two different types of contamination, heavy metals and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), were compared to a clean reference site. Differentially expressed proteins/peptides were found, which showed a specific induction or a general suppression associated with the field site of origin. By combining sets of protein markers in a tree‐building algorithm, we were able to correctly classify samples from these sites with an accuracy of 90%.
Computation of the Input Impedances of a Catheter for Cardiac Volumetry

Electrical impedances between the electrodes of a catheter in a spheroidal model of the left ventricle are calculated analytically. The fields in the configuration are computed using eigen function expansions of the Laplace equation. For certain realistic combinations of specific conductances of the blood and the myocardium, numerical results are given. These results show the dependence of the impedances on the volume of the ventricle while keeping the length of the major axis of the ventricle constant. Also, the accuracy of the model and the dependence of the total conductance of the ventricle on its shape, and on the conductivity of the tissues surrounding it, are discussed. The theoretical results are compared against the experimental values of conductances, measured post mortem in a canine heart, for different volumes.
Bounds on the Performance of Dynamic Routing Schemes for Highly Connected Networks

We describe a procedure for bounding the performance of dynamic routing schemes for loss or queueing networks. The bound is developed from a network flow synthesis of a collection of Markov decision processes, one for each resource of the network. The bound emerges as a solution to a dual pair of convex programming problems, where the primal problem describes mean flows through the network and the dual problem describes implied costs and surplus values at resources of the network. The bound is particularly appropriate for large highly connected networks, where it may be approached by simple trunk reservation or threshold routing schemes.
MAPS CODING WITH ELASTIC CONTOURS AND 3 D SURFACE PREDICTION

Depth maps are typically made of smooth regions separated by sharp edges. Following this rationale this paper presents a novel coding scheme where the depth data is represented by a set of contours defining the various regions together with a compact representation of the values inside each region. A novel coding scheme based on elastic curves allows to compactly represent the contours exploiting also the temporal consistency between them in different frames. A 3D surface prediction algorithm is then exploited in order to obtain an accurate estimation of the depth field from the contours and a subsampled version of the data. Finally, an ad-hoc coding strategy for the low resolution data and the prediction residuals is presented. Experimental results prove how the proposed approach is able to obtain a very high coding efficiency outperforming the HEVC coder at medium-low bitrates.
Comparison of calorimetric and electrical loss measurement methods in a frequency converter research and development application

New applications of frequency converters such as solar energy have growing need to determine the efficiency of a converter with good precision. The component level losses are not easy to measure as the input and output of converter components are not sinusoidal. The calorimetric method gives an approach for measuring the losses directly rather than using the difference of the electrically measured quantities. This paper compares the feasibility of the described methods in an active rectifier input filter power loss measurement. The calorimetric method is superior in accuracy, but the measurement time is multiple compared to the electrical method. Electrical measurement instrument calibration by comparison with calorimetric method could have significant practical applications resulting in a combined system with high accuracy and short measurement duration.
Application of the Chebyshev type II digital filter for noise reduction in ECG signal

Digital filers have a verity of applications in the Biomedical areas The versatility of these filters allows them to be used in numerous ways, such as removing specific powerline frequencies allowing only a desirable frequency range to pass, such as isolating a QRS complex in an ECG signal, or to simply eliminating aliasing artifacts. In medicine, signals will often have a great deal of extraneous frequencies, and the use of digital filters allows the investigator to hone in on a specific, desired signal. The different noise interferences are present in the Unfiltered ECG signal. In the Paper instead of using filter using hardware for the noise removal the digital filter has been suggested. Present paper deals with the application of the chebyshev type II for the reduction of the artifacts in the ECG Signal. Design procedure, its implementation to the real time ECG and the performance is depicted in the paper. Filter works satisfactorily.
Early expression of a collagenase‐like hatching enzyme gene in the sea urchin embryo.

The hatching enzyme is a developmentally regulated protease secreted at the blastula stage by the sea urchin embryo to digest its protective envelope. A nearly full‐length cDNA clone (HE6) encoding the entire sequence of the hatching enzyme was isolated from a prehatching blastula lambda gt11 cDNA library. The 1761 bp open reading frame codes for a preprohatching enzyme with an 18 amino acid signal sequence, a 148 amino acid activation peptide and a 421 amino acid mature enzyme which has homologies with the mammalian collagenases. Transcripts of the hatching enzyme gene are not detected in the unfertilized egg, they accumulate during the cleavage stages and disappear at hatching. This transient expression results from a transcriptional control. Thus the hatching enzyme mRNA is not a maternal gene product but a transcript synthesized at a very early stage from the zygotic genome.
Surface crystallisation of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase on a carbon support film for electron crystallography.

Large two-dimensional crystals of H+-ATPase, a 100 kDa integral membrane protein, were grown directly onto the carbon surface of an electron microscope grid. This procedure prevented the fragmentation that is normally observed upon transfer of the crystals from the air-water interface to a continuous carbon support film. Crystals grown by this method measure approximately 5 microm across and have a thickness of approximately 240 A. They are of better quality than the monolayers previously obtained at the air-water interface, yielding structure factors to at least 8 A in-plane resolution by electron image processing. Unlike most other two-dimensional crystals of membrane proteins they do not contain a lipid bilayer, but consist of detergent-protein micelles of H+-ATPase hexamers tightly packed on a trigonal lattice. The crystals belong to the two-sided plane group p321 (a=b=165 A), containing two layers of hexamers related by an in-plane axis of 2-fold symmetry. The protein is in contact with the carbon surface through its large, hydrophilic 70 kDa cytoplasmic portion, yet due to the presence of detergent in the crystallizing buffer, the hydrophobicity of the carbon surface does not appear to affect crystal formation. Surface crystallisation may be a useful method for other proteins which form fragile two-dimensional crystals, in particular if conditions for obtaining three-dimensional crystals are known, but their quality or stability is insufficient for X-ray structure determination.
4096-Ary OCDM/OCDMA System Using Multidimensional PSK Codes Generated by a Single Multiport En/Decoder

We experimentally demonstrate a record 4096 (=16 × 16 × 16)-ary optical code division multiplexing (OCDM) system at 2.5 Gbps using multidimensional phase shift keying (PSK) codes generated/processed by a single multiport optical encoder/decoder (E/D). To analyze the system performance, we evaluate the power margin and the data confidentiality. For application to access networks, we propose and numerically evaluate the performance of 10 Gbps, 4096-ary optical code division multiple access (OCDMA)-based passive optical network (PON).
Cortical tonotopic map reorganization and its implications for treatment of tinnitus

Conclusion: There appears to be a definite link between reorganization of the cortical tonotopic map and increased spontaneous firing rates. The results have implications for the reduction of noise-induced hearing loss and in the prevention of noise-induced tinnitus in humans. Objectives: To review animal and human studies related to neural correlates of tinnitus. Among those are increased spontaneous firing rate, enhanced neural synchrony, and reorganization of the cortical frequency-place (tonotopic) map. Materials and methods: To separate these issues one would want to have a situation where hearing loss is present but without reorganization of the cortical frequency-place map. For that purpose, noise-exposed cats were placed, immediately after the trauma and for at least 3 weeks, either in a quiet or in a high-frequency or low-frequency enriched acoustic environment. Results: In exposed cats that were placed in the quiet environment there was an increase in spontaneous firing rate and synchrony of neurons in primary auditory cortex. In contrast, exposed cats placed in the high-frequency-enriched acoustic environment did not show any significant difference in spontaneous firing rate or synchrony compared to the non-traumatized controls.
Effect of addition of chin strap on PAP compliance, nightly duration of use, and other factors.

STUDY OBJECTIVES A chinstrap is potentially useful to reduce unintentional air leak by preventing mouth opening during PAP treatment. This study examines whether the addition of a chinstrap to PAP therapy has any effect on adherence, nightly duration of use, air leak, and residual AHI. METHODS This was a retrospective study performed at an AASM-accredited VAMC sleep center. Clinical sleep data of veterans (n = 124) prescribed PAP therapy for sleep apnea was evaluated, and the effect of chinstrap use vs non-use on the above parameters was assessed. RESULTS Chinstrap users had significantly greater PAP adherence, longer nightly duration of PAP use, lower residual AHI and lower leak compared to chinstrap non-users at first follow up visit. CONCLUSIONS The addition of a chin strap to PAP therapy is a simple and inexpensive method of increasing PAP adherence.
Amphetamine induces depletion of dopamine and loss of dopamine uptake sites in caudate

Long-lasting depletion of dopamine and concomitant loss of dopamine uptake sites follow repeated administration of methylamphetamine to rats. We found similar effects after similar treatment with d-amphetamine, but not after treatment with methylphenidate. Methylphenidate also failed to produce long-term depletion of regional catecholamine levels in rhesus monkeys. These long-lasting alterations of the dopaminergic system suggest that amphetamines or their metabolites have toxic interactions with dopaminergic neurons, which do not occur with methylphenidate.
The Estimation of Tissue Loss During Tangential Hydrosurgical Debridement

Abstract The preservation of healthy tissue during surgical debridement is desirable as this may improve clinical outcomes. This study has estimated for the first time the amount of tissue lost during debridement using the VERSAJET system of tangential hydrosurgery. A multicenter, prospective case series was carried out on 47 patients with mixed wound types: 21 (45%) burns, 13 (28%) chronic wounds, and 13 (28%) acute wounds. Overall, 44 (94%) of 47 patients achieved appropriate debridement after a single debridement procedure as verified by an independent photographic assessment. The percentage of necrotic tissue reduced from a median of 50% to 0% (P < 0.001). Median wound area and depth increased by only 0.3 cm2 (6.8%) and 0.5 mm (25%), respectively. Notably, 43 (91%) of 47 wounds did not progress into a deeper compartment, indicating a high degree of tissue preservation.
Genetic and Functional Analyses of the Conserved C-Terminal Core Domain of Escherichia coli FtsZ

ABSTRACT In Escherichia coli, FtsZ is required for the recruitment of the essential cell division proteins FtsA and ZipA to the septal ring. Several C-terminal deletions of E. coliFtsZ, including one of only 12 amino acids that removes the highly conserved C-terminal core domain, failed to complement chromosomalftsZ mutants when expressed on a plasmid. To identify key individual residues within the core domain, six highly conserved residues were replaced with alanines. All but one of these mutants (D373A) failed to complement an ftsZ chromosomal mutant. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that whereas I374A and F377A proteins were unstable in the cell, L372A, D373A, P375A, and L378A proteins were synthesized at normal levels, suggesting that they were specifically defective in some aspect of FtsZ function. In addition, all four of the stable mutant proteins were able to localize and form rings at potential division sites in chromosomal ftsZ mutants, implying a defect in a function other than localization and multimerization. Because another proposed function of FtsZ is the recruitment of FtsA and ZipA, we tested whether the C-terminal core domain was important for interactions with these proteins. Using two different in vivo assays, we found that the 12-amino-acid truncation of FtsZ was defective in binding to FtsA. Furthermore, two point mutants in this region (L372A and P375A) showed weakened binding to FtsA. In contrast, ZipA was capable of binding to all four stable point mutants in the FtsZ C-terminal core but not to the 12-amino-acid deletion.
A feature–based model of symmetry detection

Symmetry detection is important for many biological visual systems, including those of mammals, insects and birds. We constructed a symmetry–detection algorithm with two stages: location of the visually salient features of the image, then evaluating the symmetry of these features over a long range, by means of a simple Gaussian filter. The algorithm detects the axis of maximum symmetry for human faces (or any arbitrary image) and calculates the magnitude of the asymmetry. We have evaluated the algorithm on the dataset of Rhodeset al. (1998Psychonom. Bull. Rev. 5, 659–669) and found that the algorithm is able to discriminate small variations of symmetry created by computer–manipulating the symmetry levels in individual faces, and that the values measured by the algorithm correlate well with human psycho–physical symmetry ratings.
Hawk Eye: A Logical Innovative Technology Use in Sports for Effective Decision Making

Hawk Eye: A Logical Innovative Technology Use in Sports for Effective Decision Making The present study aims at explaining hawk eye technology in sports with regard to their latest trends in the sporting arena. This is one of the most commonly used technologies in the various sports. It has been put to a variety of uses, such as providing a way to collect interesting statistics, construct very suggestive visual representations of the game play and even helping viewers to better understand the umpiring decisions. The Hawk-eye is one such technology which is considered to be really top indentation in various sports. The necessary idea is to monitor the trajectory of the ball during the entire duration of play. We will see how the Hawk-eye technology successfully treats each of these issues and provides a robust system to be used in practice. The Hawk-eye system was developed as a replay system, originally for TV Broadcast coverage. We have thus seen that the Hawk-eye is a great innovation, which puts technology to good use in the field of sports. The international scenario of hawk eye has been discussed while analyzing the data of hawk eye software for reliable decision. The technology is used widely these days, in sports such as Tennis and Cricket. The accuracy which can be achieved with the use of the system is making the authorities think seriously about reducing the human error component involved in important decisions. Hawk eye (artificial judgement) is very excellent and superb decision making power as compared to human being (natural judgement). Hawk-Eye software team is already working on the implementing system for basketball, football, badminton and snooker.
CD4 T-cell regeneration in HIV-1 elite controllers

Background:Elite controllers spontaneously control HIV-1 replication, which in many cases is associated with preservation of normal CD4 T-cell counts. However, a subset of elite controllers has progressive CD4 T-cell losses despite undetectable viral loads, for reasons that remain undefined. Here, we assessed mechanisms of CD4 T-cell homeostasis in elite controllers with progressive vs. nonprogressive HIV-1 disease courses. Methods:Flow cytometry assays were used to determine the proliferation, activation and apoptosis levels of naive T cells in elite controllers with high or low CD4 T-cell counts and reference cohorts of HIV-1-negative and HAART-treated persons. Thymic output was measured by single-joint T-cell receptor excision circle (sjTREC)/&bgr; T-cell receptor excision circle (&bgr;TREC) ratios, and the frequency of circulating recent thymic emigrants was flow cytometrically determined by surface expression of protein tyrosine kinase 7. Results:Proportions of naive T cells in elite controllers were severely reduced and closely resemble those of HIV-1 patients with progressive disease. Despite reductions in naive T cells, most elite controllers were able to maintain normal total CD4 T-cell counts by preservation of uncompromised thymic function in conjunction with extrathymic processes that led to elevated levels of circulating recent thymic emigrants. In contrast, elite controllers with low CD4 T-cell counts had reduced thymic output that mirrored thymic dysfunction during untreated progressive HIV-1 infection. Conclusion:These results indicate that both thymic and extrathymic mechanisms contribute to CD4 T-cell maintenance in elite controllers and support the idea that CD4 T-cell homeostasis and control of viral replication are distinct but frequently coinciding processes.
A Novel Hafnium Carbide (HfCx) Metal Gate Electrode for NMOS Device Application

Hafnium carbide (HfC<sub>x</sub>) is investigated as a novel metal gate electrode with good thermal stability for the first time. HfC<sub>x</sub> shows a very low work function of 3.8 eV on HfO<sub>2</sub>, suitable for NMOS device applications, and provides superior oxygen diffusion barrier properly during high temperature annealing. In addition, there is no sign of significant Fermi level pinning with HfO<sub>2</sub> dielectric.
Dynamic word based text compression

We propose a dynamic text compression technique with a back searching algorithm and a new storage protocol. Codes being encoded are divided into three types namely copy, literal and hybrid codes. Multiple dictionaries are adopted and each of them has a linked sub-dictionary. Each dictionary has a portion of pre-defined words i.e. the most frequent words and the rest of the entries will depend on the message. A hashing function developed by Pearson (1990) is adopted. It serves two purposes. Firstly, it is used to initialize the dictionary. Secondly, it is used as a quick search to a particular word. By using this scheme, the spaces between words do not need to be considered. At the decoding side, a space character will be appended after each word is decoded. Therefore, the redundancy of space can also be compressed. The result shows that the original message will not be expanded even if we have poor dictionary design.
The IgA/IgM Receptor Expressed on a Murine B Cell Lymphoma Is Poly-Ig Receptor1

T560, a mouse B lymphoma that originated in gut-associated lymphoid tissue, expresses receptors that bind dimeric IgA and IgM in a mutually inhibitory manner but have little affinity for monomeric IgA. Evidence presented in this paper indicates that the receptor is poly-Ig receptor (pIgR) known in humans and domestic cattle to bind both IgA and IgM. The evidence includes the demonstration that binding of IgM is J chain dependent, and that pIg-precipitated receptor has an appropriate Mr of 116–120 kDa and can be detected on immunoblots with specific rabbit anti-mouse pIgR. Overlapping RT-PCR performed using template mRNA from T560 cells and oligonucleotide primer pairs designed from the published sequence of mouse liver pIgR indicate that T560 cells express mRNA virtually identical with that of the epithelial cell pIgR throughout its external, transmembrane, and intracytoplasmic coding regions. Studies using mutant IgAs suggest that the Cα2 domain of dimeric IgA is not involved in high-affinity binding to the T560 pIgR. Inasmuch as this mouse B cell pIgR binds IgM better than IgA, it is similar to human pIgR and differs from rat, mouse, and rabbit epithelial cell pIgRs that bind IgA but not IgM. Possible explanations for this difference are discussed. All clones of T560 contain some cells that spontaneously secrete both IgG2a and IgA, but all of the IgA recoverable from the medium and from cell lysates is monomeric; it cannot be converted to secretory IgA by T560 cells.