Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of an Innovative Medical Cupping Device

Temperature increases to influence the organs are often used in Chinese medicine therapy. A heat therapy cup was developed in this study with temperature control, timer, and heat therapy functions. The concept behind these therapeutic aids is traditional Chinese medicine combined with modern technology and the designs include timers and temperature control. The completed prototypes were used for cupping therapy. After testing, it was found that the standard deviation was greater at a lower temperature setting (To) while at a higher To the standard deviation was lower. At To of 30, 40, 50, and 60°C, the relative changes in standard deviations were 5.27%, 2.50%, 2.66%, and 0.88%, respectively. The results indicated that the timer and temperature control functioned properly. Therefore, the designed medical aid, which is an important tool in Chinese medicine, can be provided to people of all ages to maintain health, help with rehabilitation, or to boost energy.
REMOVAL OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS FROM PAPER AND PULP EFFLUENT USING MIXED ADSORBENTS

Removal of organic pollutants from paper and pulp effluents using coconut shell and silica gel mixed adsorbents was carried out in batch mode method. The paper highlights the various evaluation parameters like contact time, Adsorbent dosage, and pH. The results from the equilibrium time experiment concluded that the equilibrium time of the mixed adsorbents is 45min. The optimum dose of mixed adsorbents for the highest removal of COD, color and other parameters were 50g/L of effluent. This amount of mixed adsorbent can remove COD 84.28%, color 88.92%, Turbidity 71.44% and total carbon 92.22%. Variation in pH of effluent at levels of 2 to 10 was carried out. The highest removal of COD 88.6%, color 91.22%, turbidity 72.51% and total carbon 92.54% was found when the pH was adjusted to 2 and such removal was gradually decreased when pH was raised. Statistical analysis revealed that the mixed adsorbent prepared from coconut shell and Silica Gel is efficient and economical method for removal of color, COD and other parameters at lower contact time than using coconut shell alone.
Comparative analysis of different algorithms of Median Filter with FPGA applications

— The selective median filter is a mixed filter which removes spike noise (or an impulse noise) from a noisy image while preserving sharp edges. For this purpose we can use a double derivative filter or Laplace filter which acts as a noise detector. If it is found noisy then we apply a general median filter. The median filter technique, the eight direct neighbours and centre point of a sliding 3-by-3 array are examined. A selective median filter which consumes less power can be designed and different logics for majority bit evaluation can be applied and simulate in VHDL. Different majority bit calculation method can be implement and the result sorting circuit can be analyze for power analysis and can be implement in FPGA like hardware.
Sugar Industry as a Source of Pollution: A Case Study, Elgenaid Sugar Factory, Gezira State, Sudan

Pollution is a major national and world problem. Industries, including sugar industry, represent one of the pollution causes. This study aims to evaluate the extent of pollution in waste-water (WW), plants, and soil caused by the sugar industry in Elgenaid area, Gezira State, central Sudan. Completely randomized design was adopted. Samples were collected from the factory WW, trees, and soil from the area of study and compared with other areas far from the factory within the state. The WW samples were analyzed using titration methods to determine levels of sulfide, as well as chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD). Moreover, all samples were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) to determine concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cu. The results showed that the sulfides concentration was ranging from 1.36 2.90 mg/L (average 2.21 mg/L), i.e. within the permissible limits. The COD was between 1,600 5,330 mg/L (av. 4,073 mg/L), while the BOD was between 870 and 2,730 mg/L ( av. 2,096 mg/L), i.e. both were higher than allowed concentrations (50 mg/L for COD, and 35 mg/L for BOD). All samples collected didn’t show detectable levels of Pb, Cu and Cd. However, Zn appeared in all samples; its concentrations ranged from 0.1359 0.6375 mg/L in WW samples (av. of 0.367mg/L), from 0.088 1.043 mg/L in trees samples (av. 0.399mg/L), and from 0.045 0.352 mg/L in the soil samples (average of 0.115 mg/L). These values are high according to the National Environment Quality Standard of Pakistan.
Epidemiology of brainstem haemorrhage in a population of patients admitted at the Department of Neurology, Fann Teaching Hospital, Dakar-Senegal

Brainstem haemorrhage is a low but lethal health condition and few studies have been conducted about it in Africa. The objective of this study was to assess the epidemiology of brainstem haemorrhage among patients hospitalized in the Department of Neurology, Fann University, Dakar-Senegal. During a cohort study, patients hospitalized from February to July 2009 for brainstem haemorrhage were followed at days 1, 3, 7, 15 and 90. Sociodemographic characteristics of the patient, medical history, clinical, biological, radiological and prognostic data were collected. In a population of 711 patients, 288 cases of stroke were reported, of which 91 were haemorrhagic. The number of brainstem haemorrhage cases was 10 representing a frequency of 10.98% of the total cases of haemorrhagic stroke and 1.49% of the total population. The patients had a mean age of 54.6 years. They were mostly male (6 cases), admitted for coma (4 cases). Hypertension was the main past medical history (5 cases). The mean time of admission was 26.9 hours. The haemorrhage was mainly located at the pons and peduncle (4 cases) and all the brainstem (3 cases). Lethality rate was 70% with 10% on day 3, 33.3% at day 7, 16.7% at day 15 and 60% at day 90. It is necessary to sensitize the community about the primary prevention of stroke.
MUSA PARADISIACA – A REVIEW ON PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGY

Musa paradisiaca is a monoherbacious plant belonging to the family Musaceae, distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical countries. The plant parts are widely used to treat different diseases in humans in traditional medicines, such as diabetes, diarrhea, dysentery, hypertension, hysteria, epilepsy, leprosy, hemorrhages, renal calculi and ulcers. The main pharmacological activities of this plant are antilithiatic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antidiabetic, antiulcer, antidiarrhoeal, hypocholesterolaemic, hepatoprotective, antisnakevenom, wound healing, hair growth promoting, antifungal and antimenorrhagic activity. This review presents information on morphology, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Musa paradisiaca.
Automatic Spelling Correction based on n-Gram Model

A spell checker is a basic requirement for any language to be digitized. It is a software that detects and corrects errors in a particular language. This paper proposes a model to spell error detection and auto-correction that is based on n-gram technique and it is applied in error detection and correction in English as a global language. The proposed model provides correction suggestions by selecting the most suitable suggestions from a list of corrective suggestions based on lexical resources and n-gram statistics. It depends on a lexicon of Microsoft words. The evaluation of the proposed model uses English standard datasets of misspelled words. Error detection, automatic error correction, and replacement are the main features of the proposed model. The results of the experiment reached approximately 93% of accuracy and acted similarly to Microsoft Word as well as outperformed both of Aspell and Google. General Terms Spelling correction, N-gram.
Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in camels fecal samples

This study was conducted to isolate Escherichia coli O157:H7 from camels, fecal samples were collected from 100 apparently healthy camels from Badia Al-Najaf province in middle of Iraq. The isolation depended upon the cultural, biochemical and serological characteristics of isolates, the morphological properties were diagnosed and identified by culturing on eosin methylene blue agar and sub-culturing on chrom agar, incubated aerobically at 37°C for 24hrs then confirmed by using gram staining and different biochemical tests, serotyping was done by using Latex agglutination test. The results showed that E. coli O157:H7 were isolated in 19 out of 100(19%) camels fecal samples. The percentage of isola on nearly between males and females, it appeared (12 and 7%) respec vely. there were no significant differences(P<0.05) in the gender between females and males, also the percentage of isola on according to age was nearly and there was no significant differences (P<0.05). The results also revealed resistance of isolated E. coli 157:7 to the all an bio cs used in this study except to trimethoprim. This is the first study were isolated of E. coli 157:7 from camels suggesting that camels reservoirs to E. coli 157:7 and may be play a role in infection and transmission of E. coli 157:7 in Iraq.
EVALUATION OF DEGRADATIVE PRODUCTS OF FEATHER DEGRADATION BY BACILLUS SP.

Assay of products of degradation is important to evaluate the economic value of the possible by-products of the fermentation process as well as to get a suggestive idea for the mechanism of degradation. Four native keratinase producing isolates identified as Bacillus sps. and producing < 10KU/ml were subjected to strain improvement and optimization of parameters of fermentation to yield 500KU/ml. The four improved isolates (MBF11, MBF20, MBF21, MBF45) were analysed for degradative products of fermentation. The results clearly indicated a significant increase in the amounts sulfur containing amino acids with optimum levels observed on 5th to 6th days of fermentation. Maximum concentration cysteine was in the range of 12.5-14μg/ml whereas that of cystine reached 18.1-15.7 μg/ml for all the isolates. Maximum concentration of methionine reached 2.1-2.9 μg/ml. Quantity of inorganic sulphur is significantly lower than organic sulphur. Highest concentration, 3.1-3.7 μg/ml of free aminoacids was recorded for the four improved isolates. Sulfitolysis along with cleavage at other aminoacyl sites is the suggestive mechanism of degradation.
Isolation of Chlorpyrifos Degrading Bacteria from Garden Soil

Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphorus insecticide broadly used for pest control in the urban and domestic area. It plays an important role in agriculture. Because of its persistent usage, it remains in the natural environment for a long period and hard to degrade its intermediate compounds. Microbial degradation is the best way to confiscate its toxicity. The present study reported that the degradation of chlorpyrifos by soil Pseudomonas aeruginosa Soil sample was collected from the garden. After enriching the soil sample with chlorpyrifos pesticide, the bacterial strain was isolated. The isolated bacterium was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and used for chlorpyrifos degradation studies. The efficient production of biosurfactant by Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterium was tested with the experiments. The presence of biosurfactant property increases the rate of degradation of chlorpyrifos by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The efficiency of the bacterial strain on the degradation of different concentration of the chlorpyrifos was studied using 1, 5 and 9 ppm of the chlorpyrifos for 15 days. HPLC analysis showed that there was a reduction in peak area of the different concentrations of pesticide samples (1,5 and 9 ppm) inoculated with the isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa with that of control pesticide sample without inoculum on different days (5,10 and 15th day). The bacteria effectively degraded the chlorpyrifos in all the concentration when the duration of exposure is increased. From these above studies, it has been concluded that chlorpyrifos can be biodegradable by Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria which can utilize carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous sources from chlorpyrifos pesticide.
Association and impact of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on thyroid function

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) means accumulation of fat mainly triglyceride exceeding 5 % of liver weight, affecting approximately 20% of population in developed countries. Thyroid dysfunction have been frequently associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The aim of this study is to determine any association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and thyroid dysfunction and to evaluate the impact of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on thyroid function tests. Subjects and methods: This study was carried out on sixty adult men and women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and sixty ageand sex-matched males and females without the disease. NAFLD patients were subjected to a full assessment of medical history, physical examination, abdominal ultrasonography as well as routine laboratory tests. Patients and controls underwent liver function and thyroid function testing including thyroid antibodies. Results: Thirteen patients with NAFLD (21.7%) were found to have thyroid dysfunction. The most common thyroid dysfunction was subclinical hypothyroidism which was found in 10 (16.7%) NAFLD patients followed by overt hypothyroidism in 3 patients (5%). There were statistically significant difference between patients and controls as regard to TSH (p=0.0001), FT4 (p=0.005), FT3 (P=0.043), anti-TPO (p=0.047), anti-TG (p=0.001), IR (p=0.024), insulin (p=0.002), and Leptin (p=0.002). TSH concentration was significantly correlated with ALT (r= 0.381), GGT (r=0.354), HbA1C (r=0.288), triglyceride (r=0.368), FT4 (r=0.414), FT3(r=0.231), anti-TPO(r=0.298), serum insulin (r= 0.287), insulin resistance (IR) (r= 0.453), and serum Leptin (r=0.360) levels.In our patients, hepatic steatosis in the form of increased liver echogenecity was present in almost all patients (100%), and hepatomegaly in twenty-four patients (40%). Thus. Hepatic steatosis were correlated significantly with ALT, GGT, HbA1C, triglyceride, HDL-C, TSH, FT4, FT3, anti-TPO, anti-TG, serum insulin, insulin resistance (IR), and serum Leptin. Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunctions are common in NAFLD patients, with subclinical hypothyroidism hypothyroidism being the most prevalent one. Hepatic steatosis has shown an evident positive correlation with elevated TSH as well as thyroid autoantibodies.
WITNESS BASED AND VOTING BASED DATA FUSION ASSURANCE MECHANISM IN SENSOR NETWORKS

Security is a very important issue when designing or deploying any network or protocol. The nature of large, ad-hoc, wireless sensor networks presents significant challenges in designing security schemes. One or several sensors then collect the detection results from other sensors. The collected data must be processed by the sensor to reduce the transmission burden before they are transmitted to the base station. This process is called data fusion. Data fusion Nodes will fuses the collected data from nearby sensor nodes before they are sent to the base station. If a fusion node is compromised, then the base station cannot ensure the correctness of the fusion data sent to it. Various methods are proposed, that deal with providing an assured data transfer to the Base Station A Witness based approach the base station receives the data and votes form the randomly selected sensor node. The vote comes from other sensor nodes called witness, to verify the correctness of the fusion data. The base station to collect the vote through the selected node , if the selected node is compromised it could forge the vote. the witness node must encrypt the vote to prevent this forgery. Compared with the vote, the encryption requires more bits, increasing transmission burden from the chosen node to the base station. The chosen node consumes more power . the witness-based approach using direct voting mechanism scheme has better performance in terms of assurance, overhead, and delay. The witness node transmits the vote directly to the base station
Survey on Approximate Multipliers for Image Processing

__ ABSTRACT Approximate computing has become ravishing approach for designing high performance and low energy consumption with limited loss in accuracy for many digital logic designs. Since there is a trade-off between speed/power with accuracy shown through previous research works. The demand of high speed and power efficiency as well as the feature of error tolerant applications has driven the development of approximate arithmetic circuits. The most important arithmetic modules in a processor are adder and multipliers to determine the performance for many computing tasks in today’s digital systems. A comparative study of efficient algorithm and architecture for various approximate multipliers are presented in this survey. Approximate multiplier reduces the transistor count, power consumption, delay and it provides high speed output. The result shows that the proposed Approximate multiplier design accomplish significant reductions in power dissipation, delay and transistor count compared to an exact accurate multiplier design with small loss in accuracy. Comparison of extensive simulation results are shown for approximate multiplier. An application in image processing is performed, where peak signal to noise ratio of the image is analyzed. The image quality of the approximate multiplier shows satisfactory result compared to an accurate multiplier.
Biofilms: Survival Mechanisms of Clinically Relevant Microorganisms

Donlan and Costerton point out that although biofilms were first described by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, the theory describing the biofilm process was not developed until 1978. It is now understood that biofilms are universal, occurring in aquatic and industrial water systems and in a large number of environments and medical devices relevant for public health. Using tools such as the scanning electron microscope and, more recently, the confocal laser scanning microscope, biofilm researchers now understand that biofilms are not unstructured, homogeneous deposits of cells and accumulated slime, but rather complex communities of surface-associated cells enclosed in a polymer matrix containing open water channels.
Image Resizing By Using Saliency Detection with Selective Dissimilarities Technique Based on User Defined

— The human visual system has a remarkable ability to automatically attend to only salient regions, known as focus of attention in complex scenes. This ability enables us to allocate limited perceptual and cognitive resources on task relevant visual input. It is well known that attention also plays an important role when humans perceive visual quality of images. The goal of machine vision systems is to predict and mimic the human visual system. It presents a visual saliency detection method and its use. The proposed method does not require prior knowledge (learning). Local visual descriptors which measure the likeness of a pixel to its surroundings are computed from an input image. Implement the following operations such as automatic target detection, boundary detection, and improve the image quality. The proposed saliency detection method based on self-resemblance is practically appealing since no learning or pre-processing step is required.
Review on Automatic Conversion 2d To 3d Image

: We present a survey paper on 2D to 3D image conversion. In this modern era 3D hardware popularity is increased but, 3D contents are still dominated by its 2D counterpart. For converting 2D TO 3D image here a new method is introduced first is automatic method and second is semi-automatic. In this automatic method human intervention is not involved and in semi-automatic method human operator is involved. There are different attributes that can be considered at the time of conversion, like for video conversion motion is mostly considered parameter; while for image conversion local attributes of images were considered. For the calculating depth estimation use two techniques first is based on learning a point mapping from local image/video attributes. The second method is based on globally estimating the entire depth map of a query image directly from a database of 3D images using a nearest-neighbours regression algorithm.
Pv-Fc Systems Fed Multilevel Inverter by Employing Pi Controller

This paper presented a seven level Photovoltaic (PV) solar cell system & Fuel cell designed in support of grid connected network by employing Pulse Width Modulation control scheme. The input power source comprises of PV source & Fuel cell. Modified MPPT algorithm (P&O) is use just before take out the maximum control from Photo voltaic system. The structure of the circuit is multi modular towards convert dc input voltages to dc output voltages among low rate devices at low duty cycle. A Proportional Integrate controller is to be implementing for multilevel inverter operating & closed loop analysis is done. One reference signal is to be impossible to tell apart to each other by means of an balance equivalent towards the triangular signal are used to make PWM signals intended for the switch. In the Proposed system will be verified during MATLAB/Simulink. The tentative result is compared among the predictable distinct phase seven level grids connected with Pulse Width Modulation generator.
Classification of Imbalanced Classes

A frequent situation encountered in classification problems is that of imbalanced data arising out of selection of an imbalanced data set where disproportionately high number of samples from one class will result in a classifier that is biased towards this majority class. A classification algorithm based on such data can cause serious negative effects on classification performance of machine learning algorithms. In this review paper, after the careful consideration of the numerous algorithms available and analysing their respective advantages and disadvantages, a conclusion is presented to create a more efficient system using the advantages of the algorithms present and minimizing their disadvantages.
An Approach to Establish Tool Based Formal Method to Verify the Critical System Design: A Case Study

- Embedded systems in recent critical applications are becoming more complicated with increasing capacities and running more complex functions. Powerful methods are required to verify a complex system design used in any safety critical applications (like Avionics, nuclear and railways systems). This paper proposes to use model checker, a formal method based technique to verify the design of an indigenously developed safety critical system, enhanced Fatigue Meter. The outcome of this analysis is verified with the conventional analysis (Manual analysis) results to prove the effectiveness of formal method based approach to analyze the system behavior.
COMPUTER VISION BASED FIRE FLAME DETECTION

Fire detection is one of the most important research topic as concerned with safety. As fire is a huge serious disruption which can leads economic or environmental losses . So it is necessary to detect occurrence of fire at early. Here OpenCV library is used to process video more accurately with less time period. Currently, fire detection system are becomes one of the important process in self activation fire detection technology & it is based on various sensor. This system also faces some drawbacks such as false alarm and large response time. A innovative advent which based on video processing is described in this paper to overcome drawbacks of sensor based fire detection methods. This dissertation explained the algorithm for flame detection which uses video processing technique. The main consideration of this project based on two algorithms mainly used for flame detection & they are motion and color which can be achieved by motion detection algorithm and edge detection followed by color detection algorithm.