Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sincere Giving and Shame in a Dictator Game

Our experiment aims at examining the impact of induced shame on altruism in a dictator game context with exit option. Using an Internet design, we collect a large battery of psychological and demographic variables which enables us to investigate dispositional and social characteristics likely to influence subjects’ altruistic behaviour. Using the emotional induction technique, we induce either shameful or neutral emotions to the participants before they play the dictator game. We then measure the evaluation that subjects give of their own emotions, and subsequently observe their altruistic behaviour. We find that imagined shame-induction is able to increase significantly altruistic behaviour. We observe that forty-one percent of participants are willing to choose to exit the game and do not observe any difference in exiting between the two emotion conditions. Our data show that women are significantly more eager to take the exit option than males. Economics students are, to a large extent, more prone to adopt greedy choices patterns than other social sciences students.
STATISTICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE GROUNDWATER SYSTEM IN DARB EL-ARBAEIN, SOUTHWESTERN DESERT, EGYPT

In Darb El Arbaein, the groundwater is the only water resources. The aquifer system starts from Paleozoic-Mesozoic to Upper Cretaceous sandstone rocks. They overlay the basement rocks and the aquifer is confined. In the present research, the performance of the statistical analyses to classify groundwater samples depending on their chemical characters has been tested. The hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical data of 92 groundwater samples was obtained from the GARPAD authority in northern, central, and southern Darb El Arbaein. A robust classification scheme for partitioning groundwater chemistry into homogeneous groups was an important tool for the characterization of Nubian sandstone aquifer. We test the performance of the many available graphical and statistical methodologies used to classify water samples. R-mode, Q-mode, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis were investigated. All the methods were discussed and compared as to their ability to cluster, ease of use, and ease of interpretation. The correlation investigation clarifies the relationship among the lithology, hydrogeology, and anthropogenic. Factor investigation revealed three factors namely; the evaporation process-agriculturalimpact-lithogenic dissolution, the hydrogeological characteristics of the aquifer system, and the surface meteoric water that rechargethe aquifer system. Two main clusters that subdivided into four sub clusters were identified in groundwater system based on hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical data. They reflect the impact of geomedia, hydrogeology, geographic position, and agricultural wastewater. The groundwater is undersaturated with respect to most selected minerals. The groundwater was supersaturated with respect to iron minerals in northern and southern Darb El Arbaein. The partial pressure of CO2 of the groundwater versus saturation index of calcite shows the gradual change in PCO2 from atmospheric to the present aquifer pressures.
A New Formulation of the Frequency Factor in the Expression for the Rate Constant of Interfacial Charge Transfers

A new way for deriving the fundamental equation of the electrochemistry has been developed in the potential range in which Butler-Volmer behaviour is found. In this approach the frequency factor is considered to be a function of the potential instead of the activation energy. The frequency factor is calculated by means of a classical statistical mechanics treatment giving rise to a new definition for the symmetry factor. A new expression for the standard rate constant in adiabatic heterogeneous charge transfer reactions has been derived.
To be presented at Picture Coding Symposium (PCS 2007), November 7-9, 2007, Lisbon, Portugal A LOW-COMPLEXITY APPROACH FOR INCREASING THE GRANULARITY OF PACKET-BASED FIDELITY SCALABILITY IN SCALABLE VIDEO CODING

Packet-based fidelity scalability (PFS) is a desirable feature in many video coding or transmission applications. Any realization of PFS in a hybrid video coding approach, however, requires suitable concepts for controlling drift and for generating sufficiently small increments in bit rate in order to allow progressive refinements of perceptual quality relative to a given base layer quality. This paper addresses those problems in the context of the scalable video coding (SVC) extension of H.264/AVC. We present an algorithmically simple but yet remarkably wellperforming method for packet-based fidelity scalability that is maximally consistent with the existing entropy coding design of H.264/AVC, allows sufficiently small increments in bit rate, and has been adopted as a normative element of SVC. We also discuss the benefits of the key picture concept of SVC in view of our proposed PFS approach. Experimental results are presented that demonstrate the effectiveness of our method for a few selected SVC conforming encoder configurations.
Development of a Microtiter Plate Method for Biofilm Formation

Biofilms have a dynamic and complex architecture that is now being recognized as having significance in many environments. The formation of biofilms depends on the substrate properties, nutrient availability and flow hydrodynamics. The aim of this article is to investigate the cells attachment of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas fluorescens to polystyrene and bacteria capacity to form biofilms.
Acting the Municipality Vision

The role of management control systems (MCS) within the public sector has gained widespread attention among scholars in the field. Driven by a quest for legitimacy and the efficient management of public resources, many public organizations have applied management techniques traditionally developed for private corporations. This case study takes a managerial perspective and departs from two administrations of a Swedish municipality that has developed an own management control model (MCM). Even though proponents for management techniques suggest that it can help align overall goals with operations, other researchers question the use in practice, pointing towards increased management where control systems have been found de-coupled from operations. This study aims to describe and analyze the manifestation of a MCM in managerial practice using a loose coupling framework. The article will show how the MCM plays an interconnecting role where several couplings between the MCM and operations are identified. The findings contribute with knowledge of how different types of couplings can coexist in building a complete system.
Behavioural adjustments of a large carnivore to access secondary prey in a human‐dominated landscape

Summary 1. Conflict between people and large carnivores is an urgent conservation issue world-wide. Understanding the underlying ecological drivers of livestock depredation by large carnivores is greatly needed. 2. We studied the spatial, foraging and behavioural ecology of African lions Panthera leo in the Botswana Makgadikgadi ecosystem. This ecosystem comprises a protected area, characterized by high seasonal fluctuation in wild prey abundance, and adjacent lands, which are used for livestock grazing and characterized by stable livestock abundance, but also a risk of anthropogenic mortality. 3. Makgadikgadi lions preferentially preyed upon migratory wild herbivores when they were present; however, data from GPS (Global Positioning System) radiocollared lions revealed that the majority of the study lions did not follow the migratory herds but remained resident at one or other border of the park and switched to livestock (abundant and readily available), and to a lesser extent resident wild herbivores (relatively scarce), in periods of migratory wild herbivore scarcity. 4. Resident lions’ use of space differed between periods of wild prey abundance and scarcity. These changes were likely to increase the frequency of encounter with their primary prey in periods of primary prey abundance and with livestock in periods of primary prey scarcity. 5. The risk of conflict with humans was a major driver of lion ecology in the human-dominated landscape surrounding the protected area. Resident lions generally avoided the close vicinity of cattle-posts. When they used such areas, they avoided temporal overlap with periods that humans were most active and travelled at high speed reducing the time spent in these areas. 6. Synthesis and applications. This study suggests that lions balance the benefits of accessing livestock with the costs associated with livestock raiding. Hence, reduction in livestock availability through effective livestock husbandry in periods of wild prey scarcity should lead to reduced conflict.
Parental Involvement in Child’s Development: Father vs. Mother

This study aims to investigate on Malaysian young adults’ perceived father and mother involvement. A questionnaire survey with Father Involvement Scale, and Mother Involvement Scale was carried out on 100 male and 100 female local university and college student aged 18 and 25 years old. The findings show that mothers engaged more in expressive and mentoring/advising involvement as compared to fathers. However, there is no difference between fathers and mothers in instrumental involvement. This study gives us a better understanding on the pattern of parental involvement in Malaysia and hence helps to promote better parent-child relationship.
www.econstor.eu A Note on the Simultaneous Computation of Thousands of Pearson’s χ−Statistics

In genetic association studies, important and common goals are the identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showing a distribution that differs between several groups and the detection of SNPs with a coherent pattern. In the former situation, tens of thousands of SNPs should be tested, whereas in the latter case typically several ten SNPs are considered leading to thousands of statistics that need to be computed. A test statistic appropriate for both goals is Pearson’s χ2-statistic. However, computing this (or another) statistic for each SNP or pair of SNPs separately is very time-consuming. In this article, we show how simple matrix computation can be employed to calculate the χ2-statistic for all SNPs simultaneously.
Influence of firms' environmental management and community involvement programs in their employees and in the community

To assure enduring success, firms need to generate economic value with respect for the environment and social value. They also need to be aware of the needs and expectations of relevant stakeholders and incorporate them in their business strategies and programs. These challenges imply that engineers should take into consideration societal, health and safety, environmental and commercial issues in their professional activity. This investigation accesses the influence of firms' environmental management programs and community involvement programs on their own employees and in the community, with a focus on small and medium companies. Based on a quantitative research, the findings suggest that firms that invest both in environmental management programs and in community involvement programs have a higher involvement of their own employees with the community, while at the same time receiving more feedback (positive, but also negative) from the community, stressing the need to pay special attention to their communication policies.
Common Core Science Standards: Implications for Students with Learning Disabilities

The Common Core Science Standards represent a new effort to increase science learning for all students. These standards include a focus on English and language arts aspects of science learning, and three dimensions of science standards, including practices of science, crosscutting concepts of science, and disciplinary core ideas in the various subject areas. Many of these issues bring important implications for students with learning disabilities, which we discuss in turn. With appropriate supports and applications, students with learning disabilities can potentially benefit greatly from these new standards. However, the demands of these standards may require a higher level of support than those commonly available for many students with learning disabilities.
Phylogenic analysis of the M genes of influenza viruses isolated from shorebirds

Tracheal and cloacal swabs were collected from a total of 195 juvenile shorebirds in the area in 2012 in Eastern Hokkaido, Japan. Viruses showing hemagglutination activity were successfully recovered from 28 bird samples. All viruses were identified as AIV by RT-PCR to detect viral M genes of influenza A virus, and were determined to be H4N7 subtype by RT-PCR for subtyping of AIV. Phylogenic analysis of the matrix (M) genes of 12 strains selected on the basis of their different places and date of surveillance. The M genes of 12 strains belonged to the Eurasian Lineages. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5564/mjas.v11i2. 207 Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.11(2) 2013 pp.7-15
Chameleon fields and solar physics

In this paper, we discuss some aspects of solar physics from the standpoint of the so-called chameleon fields (i.e. quantum fields, typically scalar, where the mass is an increasing function of the matter density of the environment). Firstly, we analyze the effects of a chameleon-induced deviation from standard gravity just below the surface of the Sun. In particular, we develop solar models which take into account the presence of the chameleon and we show that they are inconsistent with the helioseismic data. This inconsistency presents itself not only with the typical chameleon setup discussed in the literature (where the mass scale of the potential is fine-tuned to the meV), but also if we remove the fine-tuning on the scale of the potential. However, if we modify standard gravity only in a shell of thickness 10-6 R⊙ just below the solar surface, the model is basically indistinguishable from a Standard Solar Model. Secondly, we point out that, in a model recently considered in the literature (we call t.
SJOVS, July 2017, Vol. 10, No. 1

Visual function is considered uniquely important for driving because it provides multiple critical sources of information that when combined ensures successful steering. There are, however, additional cognitive functions that are essential for the driver to be able to dynamically respond to the world andmake predictions about the scene, as well as the behaviour of other road users. Given the complexity of driving through a busy urban environment it should be no surprise that simple tests of visual acuity seem to have weak explanatory power in terms of increased crash risk when driving. Despite this, fitness to drive still includes a formal assessment of visual acuity, with poor scores being used to revoke the driving licence. The “gold standard” measure of driving ability remains the on-road driving test but compared to visual tests they are fairly uncontrolled, susceptible to great variation depending on the road conditions, and are unable to reliably detect subtle visual deficits. To address some of the limitations of these existing tests we use examples from two simulator settings (steering control and hazard detection) that highlight the merits of using driving simulation in order to control the visual conditions and probe specific functional capabilities of drivers. When used in conjunction with visual tests these methods will not only determine whether the core functions of driving are intact but also be able to provide richer feedback to individuals about the nature of their deficits. There are many exciting possibilities using simulation techniques to establish predictive relationships between routine visual testing and driving performance, ultimately aiming for better, more reliable assessment of fitness to drive.
Dissemination in Pigtailed Macaques after Primary Infection of Dengue-3 Virus

Nonhuman primates (NHPs) play as indispensable animal model in biomedical research for studying a variety of human health issues, diseases and disorders, therapies, and preventive strategies. Since the immunological and physiological responses of NHPs, at some extent, to experimental viral infections are similar to humans, it is possible that studies of dengue infection in NHPs may aid understanding of dengue infection in humans. In this study,we used pigtailed macaques ( Macaca nemestrina ) as the experimental animal to study dengue-3 (DEN-3) virus infection.We evaluated DEN-3 viral distribution and replication sites after a primary infection in all collected tissues. Sequential localization in tissue of DEN-3 virus was studied in pigtailed macaques euthanized three days post viral inoculation (10 pfu mL ). Pigtailed macaque that was inoculated subcutaneously or intravenously; showed the highest viremia (62.94 pfu mL and 58.62 pfu mL ) detected by one step reverse transcription real time PCR. The virus inoculated in pigtailed macaques by subcutaneous injection was rapidly disseminated from the inoculation site to the lymph nodes, adrenal glands, kidneys, heart, thyroid, liver, prostate gland, and seminal vesicles. Meanwhile, dissemination of dengue virus in pigtailed macaques inoculated intravenously was detected in lymph nodes, thymus, salivary glands, liver, and prostate gland. This study suggested that the above mentioned-tissue specimens are involved or affected by DEN-3 virus replication and the route of infection seemed to have influenced the virus dissemination.
Slow Growth Conservation and Molecular Characterization of Balanites aegyptiaca L.

A simple system for in vitro preservation of Balanites aegyptiaca shoot cultures is described. Cultures were stored for 12 months in vitro throughout sixteen conservation treatments. The effect of sucrose and sorbitol concentrations (30,60 and 90 gl -1 ), abscisic acid concentrations (5,10 and 15 mgl -1 ), encapsulation of explants at 1,2 and 3 gl -1 of sodium alginate in presence and absence of MS media provided with 0.5 mgl -1 BA and control medium MS plus 0.5 mgl -1 BA without any modified of conservation substances were studied. The survival percentage, number, length, leaves number of axillary shoots and RAPD-based DNA finger prints were determined. The data showed that the highest survival (100%) was obtained on MS medium provided with 0.5 mgl -1 BAwith or without ABA at 10 and 15 mgl -1 . The preliminary RAPD analysis found a genetic stability of preserved plantlets. The highest numbers of shoots (1.67) were recorded on control medium, while the longest shootlets (6.83cm) and highest numbers of leaves (17.33) formed per shootlet were recorded when explants treated with encapsulation had 2 gl -1 sodium alginate in absence of MS medium. However, to obtain the highest survival and shooting behaviours recovery, the explants should be preserved on a medium provide with ABA at 10 mg l -1 .
Identifying cost-effective deployment strategies through spatiotemporal modelling

South Africa hopes to expand wind and solar power. Success depends on how and where to deploy the technologies. This study develops a 10-year database of expected power generation for these technologies across South Africa. A power system model simulates the performance of different spatial deployment strategies in 2040. The results suggest that optimization of the location and quantities of the technologies could significantly reduce the cost of greenhouse gas abatement compared to conventional approaches. The data and techniques utilize open-source satellite data and software to minimize the cost of analysis, an approach that could be translated to other contexts.
The Role of Market Forces in Assuring Contractual Performance

The conditions under which transactors can use the market (repeat-purchase) mechanism of contract enforcement are examined. Increased price is shown to be a means of assuring contractual performance. A necessary and sufficient condition for performance is the existence of price sufficiently above salvageable production costs so that the nonperforming firm loses a discounted steam of rents on future sales which is greater than the wealth increase from nonperformance. This will generally imply a market price greater than the perfectly competitive price and rationalize investments in firm-specific assets. Advertising investments thereby become a positive indicator of likely performance.
Evaluation of the cardiac morphological alterations secondary to the pulmonary emphysema : experimental study in rats

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the occurrence and repercussions of chemically induced pulmonary emphysema and the morphological alterations present in rats’ hearts of post-induction and to follow the progression afterwards. Method: Seventy five rats divided into two groups: papain (N=50) and control (N=25), were submitted to intratracheal spraying of papain and saline solution, respectively, and were evaluated. The animals were sacrificed 30, 60, 90, 120 or 180 days post-spraying. Arterial blood gases and cardiac and pulmonary morphometrical analysis were performed. Results: Papain spraying produced alveolar tissue destruction similar to the morphological alterations observed in pulmonary emphysema. The papain group presented mean alveolar diameter higher than controls in all periods evaluated (p<0.05). Right ventricle wall thickness and interventricular septum did not show significant macroscopic alterations until six months after emphysema induction. The right ventricle area presented enlargement 120 days after induction of pulmonary emphysema, with mean area higher than controls at 120 and 180 days (p=0.001). The left ventricle presented significant cavity area decrease 90 days after induction of the pulmonary emphysema, followed by slight wall thickening. Conclusions: The adopted experimental model was efficient to morphologically induce pulmonary emphysema. The presence of pulmonary emphysema did not provoke morphological changes in the right ventricle wall and interventricular septum. The alveolar destruction induced left ventricular hypertrophy and enlargement of the right ventricle. Descriptors: Pulmonary emphysema, chemically induced. Pulmonary emphysema, physiopathology. Papain, pharmacology. Disease models, animal. Heart ventricle, anatomy & histology. Avaliação das alterações morfológicas cardíacas secundárias ao enfisema pulmonar: estudo experimental em ratos Evaluation of the cardiac morphological alterations secondary to the pulmonary emphysema: experimental study in rats
Supply chain management as the key to a firm’s strategy in the global marketplace: Trends and research agenda

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the intersection of two literature streams: that of strategy and supply chain management (SCM). This review should create a better understanding of “strategic SCM” by focussing on relevant theories in the strategic management field and their intersection with SCM to develop a joint research agenda. Design/methodology/approach – The authors conducted a correspondence analysis on the content of 3,402 articles from the top SCM journals. This analysis provides a map of the intellectual structure of content in this field to date. The key trends and changes were identified in strategic SCM research from 1990-2014 as well as the intersection with the key schools of strategic management. Findings – The results suggest that SCM is key to a successful deployment of strategy for competing in the global marketplace. The main theoretical foundations for research in this field were identified and discussed. Gaps were detected and combinations of theoretical foundations .