Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correlation of Fall Risk, Fracture Risk and Function in Middle-Aged and Elderly Population of Gujarat, India

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to find out the correlation of fall risk, fracture risk and functional level using Berg Balance scale (BBS), Fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) and lower extremity functional scale (LEFS) respectively in middle aged and elderly population of Gujarat, India. It was hypothesized that there would be a negative correlation of FRAX with BBS and LEFS and a positive correlation between BBS and LEFS. Methods: It was an observational study including five hundred participants both men and women, with age group of 40-80 years, selected from the local community of Gujarat from March-December, 2017.The 10-year probability of risk of Major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) and Hip fracture (HF) was calculated by FRAX and the balance and lower limb functional status were assessed by BBS and LEFS respectively. The correlation between the variables was analyzed by the Spearman‟s Rho correlation. Results: The correlation between the variables was found significant at 0.01 level (2-Tailed) There was a strong negative correlation of FRAX HF with BBS(r=-0.61) and FRAX MOF with BBS(r=-0.63), moderate negative correlation of FRAX HF with LEFS (r=-0.58), strong negative correlation of FRAX MOF with LEFS(r=-0.60) and Strong positive correlation between BBS and LEFS (r=0.69). Conclusion: The study showed a significant moderate to strong correlation of fall risk, fracture risk and function in middle aged and elderly population of Gujarat. The lower balance and functional scores were related to increased risk of falls and probability of fractures and there was a strong positive relationship between balance and the functional status.
Economic, Social, Cultural, Emotional, and Sensory Capitals in Academic Achievement

Capitals’ contribution to educational achievement and their role in one’s success or failure within classrooms are paramount, which is why they have been often discussed in the realm of the sociology of education. Adding the newly-developed concept of sensory capital as a complement to the existing capitals, the present study seeks to statistically find the potential relationships these capitals may have with each other and their possible influences on educational achievement. To accomplish this, first, a questionnaire was designed and validated to quantify the amount of sensory capital. Then, along with emotional, social, cultural, and economic capital questionnaires, it was given to 410 participants whose language scores were used as an indicator of educational achievement. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was run, the results of which indicated positive relationships among all types of capital and a significant role in language achievement score, with economic capital having the highest and social capital having the lowest contribution. Therefore, capitals can be concluded to both have a significant relationship with each other and a determining role in educational achievement that should be taken into account when it comes to dealing with educational success in academic environments.
A COMPLETE SAFE AND COST EFFECTIVE METHOD FOR STAINING ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES MELOIDOGYNE SPP

Red food coloring artificial dye Carmoisine can be used in totally safe, low cost and environment friendly nematode staining procedure. Both egg masses on the root surface and nematodes in the root tissue stained perfectly with the Carmoisine. Egg masses stained the best at higher stain concentrations (3, 4 and 5%). 30-60 min root submersion in the stain resulted in best contrast. White vinegar can be used efficiently to store egg mass bearing roots. Nematodes in the root tissue were stained the best at low stain concentrations (0.1 and 0.2%) with 5% vinegar. 70% sucrose solution acidified with 0.5% vinegar was comparable to acidified glycerin for destaining. Stained nematodes were still visible with high contrast even after being stored for 8 to 11 months at room temperature.
Knowledge and Awareness on Habits and Habit Breaking Appliances Among Parents-A Questionnaire Survey

Habits are one of the major etiologic factors which will lead to malformation in dentofacial structures. Oral habits can be classified as normal or deleterious. Parafunctional habits are recognized as a major etiological factor for the development of dental malocclusion. Thumb sucking and tongue thrusting are the most commonly seen oral habits. The study aims at assessing the knowledge and awareness of habit and habit breaking appliances among parents. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted in January 2020 among parents. 100 parents who brought their kids with adverse oral habits for treatment participated in this study. The questionnaire consisted of 10 questions related to the habit and its effects. The collected data was added in MS Excel and subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS software and Chi-square test was done. The results depicted that 92% of parents were aware of thumb sucking habit, 75% were aware of mouth breathing habit, 66% were not aware of tongue thrusting, and 71% aware of bruxism. 73% of parents were aware that oral adverse habits can lead to malocclusion. 83% of parents felt that habit breaking appliance can prevent malocclusion. 71% of the parents did not know that habit breaking appliance should not be used for more than 6 months. 46% of males and 27% of females were aware that adverse oral habits can lead to malocclusion. Chi square test shows p=0.000, significant. Majority of the parents were aware that habit breaking appliances can be used to prevent malocclusion but most of them did not know that habit breaking appliances were used to treat adverse oral habits.
The Structure and Growth of Evaporation LiF and NaCl Films on Amorphous Substrates

Thin films of LiF and NaCl were prepared by evaporation in a vacuum and studied by means of electron diffraction, electron microscopy, x‐ray diffraction, and optical methods. It was found that on amorphous substrates the films possessed a crystal orientation which varied with the film thickness. For both LiF and NaCl deposits thinner than a hundred angstroms showed almost completely random structure but with a small amount of [100] preferred orientation. As the thickness was increased there was a change, first to completely random, and then to a very definite and strong preferred orientation which was [111] for LiF and [110] for NaCl. The extent of these orientations both on the surface and in the interior of the film was studied in relation to crystal growth. The films are composed of loosely packed crystals set together so as to give the characteristic orientation and with appreciable spaces where the crystals do not make contact. A less extensive study of five other substances showed the following orie.
Media and Misinformation in Times of COVID-19: How People Informed Themselves in the Days Following the Portuguese Declaration of the State of Emergency

This study takes as a starting point the importance and dependence of the media to obtain information about the pandemic. The dependency theory of the media system was developed in the 1970s when mass media were the dominant source of information. Today, at a time when media choices have become abundant, studies are needed to understand the phenomenon of media dependence in light of new dimensions made important by the transformations that have taken place in the social and media fields—where the coexistence of mass media with social media platforms stands out. As large-scale crises rarely occur and the media environment changes rapidly, it is important to analyze how media dependence relates to choose and trust in different media (traditional media vs. social media) in times of crisis. Several questions arise. What is the trust attributed by individuals to social media as sources of information about COVID-19? How well informed are the individuals who choose these sources as the main sources of information? From a questionnaire administered to 244 individuals in Portugal, during the first week of the state of emergency (March 2020), this research seeks to identify how people gained access to information about COVID-19, how they acted critically towards the various sources and how they assess the reliability of different media. Finally, it analyzes the association between the type of medium chosen and adherence to misinformation content about the virus. The results reveal the existence of a phenomenon of dependence on the media, with a strong exposure (both active and accidental) to informative content, with conventional media being privileged as the main source, and positively distinguished in terms of confidence. Finally, a statistically significant association of a positive sign was identified between the use of social media as the main source and the acceptance of misinformation.
Metal and F dual-doping to synchronously improve electron transport rate and lifetime for TiO2 photoanode to enhance dye-sensitized solar cells performances

A general strategy to synchronously improve electron transport rate and lifetime for TiO2 photoanode by metal and F− dual doping is proposed and demonstrated for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) for the first time. Tin and fluorine dual-doped TiO2 nanoparticles are prepared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicates that the Sn atoms and the F atoms locate mainly in the TiO2 lattice and on the TiO2 particles surface, respectively. The DSSC based on Sn/F–TiO2 sample shows a high photoconversion efficiency of 8.89% under an AM 1.5 solar condition (100 mW cm−2), which is higher than those for the undoped TiO2 nanoparticles (7.12%) and the solely Sn (8.14%) or F doped (8.31%) samples. This improvement is attributed to the combined effects of a faster electron transport rate and a longer electron lifetime in the dual-doped TiO2 film. Following this strategy, we also prepare Ta/F, Nb/F, and Sb/F dual-doped TiO2 nanoparticles and find that the performance of DSSCs based on all the dual-doped samples is further improved compared with the single doping cases. Finally, through density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the mechanism behind the improvement by tin and fluorine dual-doping is discussed in detail.
Commit Classification using Natural Language Processing: Experiments over Labeled Datasets

Software commits play an important role in collaborative software development. A commit allows developers to collaboratively contribute to open-source software projects. Previous studies show that developers spend a lot of time in identifying and prioritizing critical issues and respective commits. For this reason, understanding what a software commit is trying to solve in the project is very important. In this context, commit classiﬁcation could help managers to plan and allocate resources in advance for the software project. Despite its relevance, we still lack accurate models to support automated classiﬁcation of commits into relevant categories. In this work, we conduct an empirical study to evaluate commit classiﬁcation techniques using the commit message given by developers as input. After an ad-hoc literature review, we created a dataset based on labeled data from diﬀerent works found in the literature. Second, we compared ﬁve Machine Learning (ML) state-or-art algorithms seeking a reliable baseline model. Finally, we applied Natural Language Processing (NLP) to a novel ML model aiming at improving results compared to the baseline models. Our ﬁndings show that the new NLP-based model outperforms the random baseline models by a relevant rate, achieving 91% of F-measure for the commit classiﬁcation task.
Housing Supply and Markets 1 Introduction : Is it Possible to Sell and Survive ?

Following the collapse of the economic bubble in 1991, Japan’s economic growth has slowed down. In particular, with respect to the office market, it has suffered high vacancy rates and there have been many cases where office buildings have had to be rebuilt. This trend is predicted to further increase in the midst of a precipitous decline in the size of the working-age population. When undertaking an office investment under such circumstances, it will be essential to select an investment property and the area (in which such property is located) carefully. The purposes of this paper were to extract the signals used to determine the market selection with respect to an office investment, and to make apparent areas that will, going forward, continue to maintain strong fundamentals (potential value) in the office investment market. In regards to area selection, this paper focused on the phenomenon where, following the collapse of the economic bubble, many office buildings had to be put to different uses out of necessity. This paper also focused on the changes in real estate investment returns and building use by area. Specifically, factors affecting changes in building use were extracted by applying a panel random probit model on the 3,134 areas surveyed under the national census from 1991, when the collapse of the real estate bubble began and onward. Further, based on the factors that were extracted per the above, areas that have strong survival rates as office markets were selected. As a result of estimating the panel random probit model, which focused on the changes in building use, it has been found that the conversion from office use to residential use has been largely brought about by the index which measures the extent of excess in rents when a building is converted to residential use as opposed to using it as an office building. This finding conformed to the result that was indicated in a series of analyses that began with Wheaton (1982) as follows: “return differentials effect land use conversions. ” Moreover, 303 areas predicted to have strong fundamentals for office investments have been extracted using the ratio of office rents to residential rents. These analyses have been conducted with respect to Tokyo, which is a region that has extremely weak land use regulations. As such, there are limitations to applying these analyses to cities that have stricter land use regulations that make it difficult to commence construction or rebuild in such cities. Nonetheless, as analyses of the Tokyo office market, where population decline and aging are progressing at the fastest rate, are being conducted ahead of other major developed countries, it is thought that such analyses will serve as an important guide for many cities, starting with European cities, that will be facing similar situations going forward.
Identification of Isoquinoline alkaloids in crude extracts by high temperature gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Crude ethanol extracts of leaves of Croton (Euphorbiaceae) species (C. hemiargyreus var. gymnodiscus, C. hemiargyreus var. hemiargyreus and C. echinocarpus) were analysed using on-column injection high temperature gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Several isoquinoline alkaloids were identified, including isocorydine, corydine, glaucine and laurelliptine as the principal constituents. The cold on-column technique proved to be appropriate for injection of these compounds. The technique is shown to be a valuable tool and an alternative technique to classical phytochemical procedures permitting the fast analysis of alkaloid mixtures without the need for (extensive) fractionation and derivatisation. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust Budget Allocation

Robust Budget Allocation by Ashley Mimi Hou We consider at the problem of optimal budget allocation, where we are given a fixed budget to distribute amongst sources in order to maximally influence targeted individuals. In practice, situations may arise where the influence process is unknown to us, motivating us to look at the robust budget allocation problem. In this setting, influence functions, which capture the expected number of influenced targets, are known only up to an uncertainty set and the goal is to find an allocation that maximizes the worst-case influence function. We extend the results of previous work on the related problem of robust submodular maximization to the integer lattice domain, formulating a polynomial-time algorithm approximation algorithm, SaturateDR. We prove hardness of approximation results for both the robust budget allocation problem as well as the bi-criteria approximation obtained by SaturateDR. Finally, we present experimental results that demonstrate our robust solution performs favorably in comparison to non-robust methods, with respect to influence obtained as well as runtime.
Avoiding Conﬂicts Dynamically in Direct Mapped Caches with Minimal Hardware Support

The memory system is often the weakest link in the performance of today’s computers. Cache design has received increasing attention in recent years as increases in CPU performance continues to outpace decreases in memory latency. Bershad et al. proposed a hardware modiﬁcation called the Cache Miss Lookaside buﬀer which attempts to dynamically identify data that is conﬂicting in the cache and remap to pages to avoid future conﬂicts. In a follow-up paper, Bershad et al. tried to modify this idea to work with standard hardware but had less success than with their dedicated hardware. In this thesis, we focus on a modiﬁcation of these ideas, using less complicated hardware and focusing more on sampling policies. The hardware support is reduced to a buﬀer of recent cache misses and a cache miss counter. Because determination of remapping candidates is moved to software, sampling policies are studied to reduce overhead which will most likely fall on the OS. Our results show that sampling can be highly eﬀective in identifying conﬂicts that should be remapped. Finally, we show that the theoretical performance of such a system can compare favorably with more costly higher-associativity caches.
Facial Mimicry Training Based on 3D Morphable Face Models

The recent techniques of automated facial expression recognition from facial images have achieved human perception levels. The application of this technology is expected not to be limited to facial expression analysis, but also to evaluate how well someone mimics another person’s expression. Facial mimic training will help people improve their interpersonal communication and that, in turn, will improve their work performance. This study proposes a self-learning-based expression training system using a simple 3D Morphable Face Model (3DMM). The proposed system analyzes faces of a subject and a given picture of a person who the subject is mimicking. The 68 facial landmarks for both faces are detected automatically and are used to fit a 3DMM using a deformation transfer technique. Our experiment shows that the proposed system accurately measures the similarity of facial appearance between subjects and their corresponding mimic targets. Thus, the proposed system can be used as a facial mimicry training tool to improve social communication. Keywords-mimicry; expression training; emotion; image processing.
Patterns of outgrowth of regenerating axons through spinal cord lesion

We found that bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) do not survive for long enough to serve as a scaffold for regenerating axons after transplantation in the injured spinal cord of rats. However, axonal regeneration was facilitated, possibly by trophic factors secreted from transplanted BMSCs. Regenerating axons were not associated with astrocytes, but surrounded by Schwann cells (SCs), and embedded in collagen fibril matrices just as the axons of peripheral nerves. Experiments involving the transplantation of SCs themselves indicated that, besides exogenous SCs, intrinsic SCs infiltrated the lesion and formed myelin sheaths on regenerating axons in the same manner as described with BMSC transplantation. The transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) showed that OECs themselves enclosed regenerating axons in the same manner as SCs. No study has been carried out to address whether such Schwann-like cells were derived from transplanted OECs or intrinsic SCs. However, the possibility cannot be excluded that intrinsic SCs contributed to surround regenerating axons. Neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from iPS cells survived long-term, emanating numerous axons that extended over a long distance through the host spinal cord tissue. However, no myelination occurred on regenerating axons, and no behavioral improvement was observed. It would be difficult to manipulate iPS-derived NSCs to appropriately integrate them into the host spinal cord tissue. In this respect, iPS cells have crucial problems concerning whether they can be integrated appropriately into the host tissue. Muse cells (multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring cells) were separated as SSEA3positive cells from BMSCs. Transplanted Muse cells survived long-term, but they were not as effective as non-Muse cells or BMSCs for the treatment of infarcted brains, suggesting that trophic factors from non-Muse cells and BMSCs are involved in those effects. These findings indicate that intrinsic SCs and trophic factors released from transplants may play important roles in nerve regeneration of the spinal cord. Differing from the generally believed pattern of regeneration, glial cells are not necessarily needed as the scaffolds for growing axons in the spinal cord.
Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry using a double-focusing sector field mass spectrometer of Mattauch–Herzog geometry and an array detector for the determination of platinum group metals and gold in NiS buttons obtained by fire assay of platiniferous ores

This paper explores the potential of laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for the determination of Au, Ir, Pd, Pt, Rh and Ru in NiS buttons obtained by fire assay of platiniferous ores using a new type of ICP-MS instrument equipped with an array detector Mattauch–Herzog spectrometer. The method evaluated comprises the NiS fire assay of a representative amount of the ore sample (40–75 g), grinding of the NiS buttons subsequently obtained, pelleting of the resulting powders using polyethylene wax as a binder, and LA-ICP-MS analysis of the sample using in-house matrix-matched standards for calibration. The use of this new ICP-MS device proved very beneficial in this context, offering a remarkable level of precision (2–3% RSD for the most abundant analytes, Pt, Pd, Rh and Ru, and 6–11% RSD for Au and Ir) owing to its simultaneous capabilities and its extended linear range, which enabled an improved performance of the internal standard (61Ni). Moreover, the low level of argide-based interferences and the detection power of the instrument provided low limits of detection (10 ng g−1 level) even for those elements that could be potentially affected by ArNi+ and ArCu+ overlap in this particular matrix (Pd, Rh, Ru). The accuracy finally obtained (90% of results within 10% of the reference value, and 70% of results within 5%) is fit-for-purpose for this application. The resulting method can be thus considered very attractive as a faster and greener strategy for the control of these types of samples in the platinum group metal industry, circumventing the need for the cumbersome and environmentally unfriendly digestion procedures currently employed.
Moisture Transport in a Solid Waste Column

The physical processes governing moisture transport in solid waste landfills are analyzed by the theory of unsaturated flow through homogeneous porous media and experimental work. A laboratory column was constructed and monitored to determine the behavior of unsaturated flow through solid wastes. The hydraulic properties of the refuse were determined from small scale experiments. A mathematical model was formulated and the experimental results were used to calibrate and verify it. Comparisons of measured and computed leachate discharges showed reasonable agreement. The theory of unsaturated flow through homogeneous porous media was successfully used to model moisture transport through the refuse material of a laboratory column.