Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morphological characterization of the local potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) genotypes collected from the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey

In this study, 58 villages were selected and a total of 146 samples were taken according to stratified sampling system. These genotypes were collected from production areas in high altitudes of the province of Artvin (41‹10f 54h. 40‹ 49f 09h N and 42‹ 21f 49h- 41‹ 32f 40h E) and Rize (41‹ 02f43h-40o 46f 50h N and 41o 00f 22h- 40o 33f 26h E) located in the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey. The genotypes were grown under Samsun (41‹31ŒN, 35‹35ŒE) ecological condition in 2006. Some morphological and agronomical characteristics of the genotypes were described according to the criteria developed for potato by the International Board for Plant Genetics Resources (IPBGR). Cluster analysis was performed to determine the relation among genotypes. Cluster analysis, based on 15 variables, identified 27 groups in the current study. The dendrogram was prepared to evaluate similarity between potato genotypes, and as such, all the obtained data showed that the collected material has a vast variation. These evaluations could assist breeders to select and identify genotypes with desirable characteristics for inclusions in variety breeding programs. Key words : Potato, genotype, characterization, cluster, tuber, Turkey.
Long-term selection experiment with Afrikaner cattle 4: Cow fertility and calf survival

A selection and line x environment interaction study with grade Afrikaner cattle was established in 1956 at the Matopos Research Station, Zimbabwe. Two selection lines of 100 cows each were reared in different management environments. The non-supplemented (NS) line relied on the range throughout the year and was mated to calve with the onset of the rains (December to February). The supplemented (S) line was offered protein-rich supplements during the dry season and mated to calve prior to the onset of the rains (October to December). In 1976, after approximately two generations of selection, lines were sub-divided into 75 cows each, where one sub-line remained within each environment as a control; the remaining sub-lines were interchanged between environments. Bulls were selected on weaning weight within control lines, while replacement heifers were selected on weight at mating within sub-line. Data recorded over six generations of selection (40 years) were analyzed. The average incidence of calving success (the presence or absence of a calf) was 68%. Heritability and repeatability (in parenthesis) estimates for calving success and calving date were 0.08 ± 0.02 (0.10 ± 0.02) and 0.09 ± 0.02 (0.17 ± 0.02), respectively. Favourable genetic trends were shown (-0.8 ± 0.09 days/generation for calving date). Correlation estimates of sires’ EBV between measures of fertility and growth were all unfavourable. A significant interaction was manifested for calving success and was due to the markedly poorer performance (10 percentage units) of the S line cows in the NS environment. The interaction serves to reinforce the commonly held principle that cattle, and in particular breeding cows, be reared in a similar environment in which selection takes place advocating antagonistic selection (upwards selection in a poor environment). Calf losses within the first 24 h of birth and pre-weaning were 3.8% and 8%, with heritability estimates of 0.15 ± 0.07 and 0.07 ± 0.03, respectively. It is recommended that fertility and calf survival be included in routine breed evaluations. There is a need to implement data collection strategies to ensure that all calving activities are comprehensively recorded.
COLD INDUCIBLE RNA BINDING PROTEIN IS DISRUPTED IN ER+PR+HER2- TUMORS

RNA binding proteins (RBPs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) control gene expression posttranscriptionally by targeting mRNAs for translational activation, repression, or degradation. To date, aberrant expression of RBPs and miRNAs has been observed in many types of human cancers. We have shown the overexpression of Cold Inducible RNA binding protein (CIRP) in human breast cancer cell lines as compared to nontumorigenic and nontransformed breast epithelial cells. Others have shown cytoplasmic CIRP to be upregulated in a subset of breast tumors. Little is known about CIRP targets or its role in breast cancer. RBP Human antigen R (HuR), whose cytoplasmic localization is associated with aggressive breast cancer, and miR-125a, which is decreased in breast cancer, also have a poorly understood contribution to the etiology of breast cancer. Our studies in breast cancer cell lines have shown that CIRP overexpression upregulates HuR and proliferation, whereas miR-125a expression
First ) Rietveld refinement and microstructure analysis of red mud Manas

The post product material of the alumina industry, i.e. the bauxite residue called red mud is a matter of concern keeping in view the waste product management and its environmental implication. The disposal and maintenance of red mud is a serious problem for the industry. This waste product contains many important materials, which of course depends on the quality of the ore used for extraction of the aluminium. In this present study, the x-ray diffraction and microstructure analysis were emphasized in details for the first time. At the same time the different phases present were analyses using rietveld analysis and found out the different structural parameters. It is found that, the major component of the waste product is hematite and magnetite and the others are, SiO2, TiO2, Al(OH)2 etc. which are very less percentage wise. The Bragg R parameters for hematite is found out to be 8.80, with magnetic R factor (=7.57). The space group is R-3C with rhombohedral crystal structure. The cell parameters are a=b= 5.0373, c= 13.7388 with cell volume (=301.91). The Gof for the structure is calculated to be 55.234. Lastly with the available preliminary information a structure is generated with different co-ordinate positions of the atoms, their bond lengths and bond angles.
Survival analysis and computer simulations of lethal and contraceptive management strategies for urban deer

I monitored survival of 34 female white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Bloomington, Minnesota, from October 1996 to December 1999. Twenty deer died: nineteen were killed by vehicles, and one was killed in a deer-removal program conducted by an adjacent suburb. Summer survival was high and varied little over the 3 years of study (range = 0.93 to 0.95). Fall survival ranged from 0.84 to 1.00, and winter survival was generally high during the 3 years of study, except during a severe winter (range = 0.72 to 0.95). I calculated population growth rates (λ) from Leslie matrix projections, using these survival estimates and productivity data collected from road-killed female deer in the Twin Cities (Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota, USA) metropolitan area. When winter survival was high (0.94), my model simulations indicated the Bloomington deer population increased by 21% when no deer management program was in place. When a low winter survival rate (0.72) was modeled, the population decreased by 7%, even when no deer management program was implemented. I modeled what impact contraception may have on population growth and concluded that treating >50% of adult female deer was necessary to stabilize population growth, and treating all females was necessary to decrease population growth under high winter survival conditions. I concluded that removal programs are more effective than immunocontraception programs because survival contributes more to population growth rates in deer populations than fecundity. I recommend removing 20% and 40% of adult female deer in the population to cause the population to stabilize or to reduce deer numbers, respectively. I recommend managers collect deer-vehicle collision data because these data potentially represent the most accurate and easily-obtainable life history component of an urban deer herd.
Status survey on carnivores and prey in Kalesar National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary in Haryana, India

Abundance of carnivore and their prey reflects the habitat richness of an area. This is because carnivores occupy the top position in the food pyramid. However the survivability of carnivore depends upon the abundance of prey population in an area. Conservation of carnivore may not be practical until there is viable population of prey species. Therefore a survey was conducted to find out the presence of carnivore as well as their prey species in Kaleswar National Park (30 0 18` to 30 0 27` North latitude and 77 0 25` to 77 0 35 East longitude) and Wildlife Sanctuary (300 16` to 300 28` North latitude and between 77020` to 770 37` East longitude) in Haryana, India. Nine trails were surveyed covering 32.2 km during February-April, 2012. A total of 23.8 km trail of the national park and 8.5 km of wildlife sanctuary were covering Guga and Kalesar beats in national park area and Faizpur, Tibriyan and Ambala beats in wildlife sanctuary area. Both direct sighting and indirect evidences (pugmarks, scrape, scat, kill remains etc.) were recorded. During the survey, the carnivores that were found are: leopard (Panthera pardus), jackal (Canis aureus), hyena (Hyanea hyanea) and fox (Vulpes bengalensis). On the other hand, no sign was found about the presence of tiger in Kalesar NP and WLS. Among prey, sambar (Cervus unicolor), spotted deer (Axis axis), barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak), chowsingha (Tetracerus quadricornis), wild boar (Sus scrofa) and elephants (Elephus maximus) were bring into being during survey. The survey supports the fact that the leopard is very common carnivore in both the parks. It was also confirmed from this study that tiger is not present in both Kalesar NP and WLS. Prey populations were abundant but might be not that enough to support major predator like tiger. However, it is good habitat for small carnivore.
The impact of grazing systems on the magnitude and stability of ranch income in the rolling plains of Texas.

Results of a 1961-1974 grazing system study on the Texas Experimental Ranch in the Rolling Plains were used to evaluate annual net income stability characteristics for a cow-calf opera- tion. A linear programming risk analysis model was utilized to select optimal combinations of grazing systems which minimized annual negative net income fluctuations. Greatest annual net incomes, expressed in 1979 dollars, were obtained from heavier stocked, continuously grazed systems which received winter feed. For the 1961-1974 period, annual net income stability was not increased by selecting combination of grazing systems. However, when only the last 5 years were included in the analysis, the stability of annual net income was improved by selecting a combination of grazing systems. Supplemental winter feeding did not have a signif- icant effect on annual net incomes. However, under heavier stock- ing rates the standard deviation of annual net income was approximately doubled when cows did not receive supplemental winter feed. Annual income and income variability was determined to have increased during the last 5 years of the study, relative to the total study period. It is hypothesized that a portion of this increased variability at the heavier rates of stocking is the result of changes in the composition of vegetation. The general increase in variability across all systems indicates that ranch operators may need to consider alternatives for risk management as well as man- agement for profits. Ranch operators have long strived to become more efficient in the management of their ranch resources. This effort has been made in order to increase economic returns and reduce economic risks associated with ranching. Risks in the ranching industry are as a result of the nature of livestock market, weather, diseases, prices paid for inputs, the use of credit, and government regulation. In the Rolling Plains of Texas, and in the Great Plains in general, the need to reduce adverse economic impacts of fluctuating forage supplies has resulted in considerable research efforts by public institutions and agencies. A major goal of range research is to identify alternatives to more efficient harvest forage from range- land and to increase forage quantity and quality for use by domes- tic livestock. The major purpose of this study was to evaluate net returns and the annual stability of these net returns from five grazing management systems in the Rolling Plains of Texas from 1961 to 1974 (Fig. 1). In developing a ranch management plan, it is assumed that net income levels and net income stability (risk) associated with var- ious production strategies for increasing net income are of concern to ranch operators (Markowitz 1959). Agricultural firm managers
Some Correlations Between Light Nuclear Phenomena and an Extended Nuclear Cluster Model1

The problem of modelling nuclear structure is analysed by extending the alpha cluster model to include the three-body mirror nuclei and the deuteron. It is possible to arrange all the nucleons of any nuclide into a set of from one to three of the four cluster types according to two principles, which are: (1) bound nucleons tend to form the alpha cluster and (2) nucleon excess is conserved by the three-body mirror clusters. In this analysis, each excess neutron forms a triton and each protonrich, odd-neutron nuclide forms one 3He. Within the series of isotopes for each element nuclear structure is discrete and reactive; the addition or removal of a single neutron changes its set of constituent clusters. The mass range of the isotopes of any element is defined by the model to be Z+1<A<3Z. The model correlates structure with a number of light nuclear phenomena, including the β-decay potential and the neutron emission decay mode. The recently observed islands of particle stability beyond the neutron drip-line of fluorine, neon and sodium are analysed as the highest mass isotope of each of those elements coupled to four neutrons, which is interpreted as the bound analogue of the recently observed free tetraneutron.
GENETIC DIVERSITY OF SCOTS PINE (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.) POPULATIONS IN SERBIA REVEALED BY SSR MARKERS

This paper presents the results of analysis of the genetic variability of seven Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) populations in Serbia using SSR markers. Genomic DNA was isolated from seed tissue of all seven populations. The con- centration of DNA samples was within the range of 1-4 mg/ml. Different PCR protocols were used depending on the type of SSR markers. The total number of fragments obtained by SSR analysis with 4 selected primers was 17 (only bands of strong and medium intensity were considered), of which 6 fragments were polymorphic (35.29%). In order to analyze the genetic similarity of the analyzed populations, graphs of correspondence analysis and UPGMA clusters were produced. By comparative analysis of the obtained dendrograms, the dependence of population genetic differentiation and spatial distance was observed, i.e. their isolation by natural barriers. The results indicate that in further research of interpopula- tion variability it is necessary, when graphically interpreting genetic distances, to use both methods of statistical analysis (UPGMA analysis and correspondence analysis).
MODIFIED BAR RECURSION AND CLASSICAL DEPENDENT CHOICE

We introduce a variant of Spector’s bar recursion in finite types (which we call “modified bar recursion”) to give a realizability interpretation of the classical axiom of dependent choice allowing for the extraction of witnesses from proofs of ∀∃-formulas in classical analysis. As another application, we show that the fan functional can be defined by modified bar recursion together with a version of bar recursion due to Kohlenbach. We also show that the type structure M of strongly majorizable functionals is a model for modified bar recursion. §
To vote or not to vote? Electoral participation of immigrants from different countries of origin in 24 European countries of destination

Electoral participation of immigrants is an important issue in Europe. Immigrants vote less often in national elections than non-immigrants; this may suggest a lack of political integration of immigrants into their host society. Besides, a low electoral participation rate of immigrants might also result in proportionately lower representation in parliament. This reflects on the legitimacy of the democracies concerned. This research analyses the electoral behaviour of 8132 immigrants from 62 countries and regions of origin in the 24 countries included in this studythe countries of destination. The data that we used are the second and third round of the European Social Survey. We find that although the largest differences in electoral participation of immigrants are at the level of the country of destination, the characteristics of the country of origin are more powerful for the explanation of differences in electoral participation of immigrants from certain countries of origin in countries of destination. We conclude that immigrants from countries with more political opportunities, socialeconomic opportunities and that are prevalently Roman-Catholic or Protestant have a higher propensity to vote. Also immigrants who live in countries with a higher economic level will vote more often. To heighten the electoral participation of immigrants it is suggested that the political integration together with the social-economic integration of immigrants should be advanced in the countries of destination, promotion of education might do part of the trick.
In vitro Inhibition of Calcium Oxalate Nucleation by Extract-based Fractions of Aerial Parts and Roots of Aerva lanata (Linn.) Juss. ex Schult

The current investigation is an attempt to explore the comparative in vitro antiurolithic potential of various phytoconstituent-rich fractions derived from the hydroalcoholic extract of aerial parts and roots of Aerva lanata (Linn.) Juss. ex Schult (Amaranthaceae). The antiurolithic assay was performed by nucleation method. The analysis revealed the phenolic and flavonoid containing fraction from aerial parts to be the most active (71.01±1.13%) amongst the different extract-derived fractions compared to the one obtained from roots (54.61±2.30%). Besides, fluorescence analysis and physicochemical evaluation were carried out according to the official guidelines and supported the quality control of the plant material. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the fractions was also performed and confirmed the presence of various metabolites. Additionally, the content of tannins, total phenolics and flavonoids were also determined spectrophotometrically and found to be comparatively higher in aerial parts (tannin content of 4.34±0.63 mg tannic acid equivalent/g extract, total phenolic content of 127.84±1.50 gallic acid equivalent/g extract and total flavonoid content of 77.61±3.78 rutin equivalent/g extract) than roots (tannin content of 3.03±0.63 mg tannic acid equivalent/g extract, total phenolic content of 98.09±1.10 gallic acid equivalent/ g extract and total flavonoid content of 62.81±5.69 rutin equivalent/g extract). Hence, the present study aids in screening out the best active extract derived fraction exerting litholytic efficacy, which provides a route to further isolation of lead bioactive compounds contributing to significant antiurolithic potency of this traditionally employed herb of immense pharmacological spectrum.
Forest degradation, conservation and restoration in Sweden

Forest ecosystems in Sweden are dynamic, and many species rely on natural disturbance regimes. Today, most structurally complex forests have been converted into even-aged stands of predominantly coniferous trees. Attempts to conserve biodiversity and ecosystem services have mostly involved silvicultural precautions and forest protection, but habitat restoration is becoming increasingly important. Before ecological restoration is attempted, researchers and conservation managers must try to understand the (1) site-history, (2) current state, and (3) natural variability of the ecosystem to be restored. Traditional approaches often focus on repairing specific habitat conditions, rather than on restoring landscape processes that form and sustain habitats. A potential short-cut in choosing the appropriate scales for restoration would be to restore habitats for so called ‘umbrella species’. Umbrella species require large expanses of functionally intact habitat. Consequently, many other naturally co-occuring species would benefit from their protection. Ecological restoration may also be the only way to relieve extinction debts in remnant habitats. Restoration methods have been developed to: • Mimic natural conditions (disturbance regimes and substrate availability) • Improve connectivity for species dispersal (create migration corridors) • Enlarge habitats • Minimize edge effects by creating buffer zones • Enable species re-introductions • Eradicate exotic species Restoration success, however, is not only measured in terms of species recovery. Stakeholder involvement is also crucial. Ecological restoration is an inherently subjective process, i.e. people decide on what to restore and for what reasons. Restoration managers must therefore consider public opinion before attempting to bring about change. Change, however, is inevitable, whether it is anthropogenic or not, and ecological restoration will influence future trajectories either way. Long-term monitoring and evaluation must therefore become integrated parts of ecological restoration in Sweden and elsewhere.
Earnings management in family firms: The role of inside directors

This paper investigates earnings management in family firms and further examines the moderating effects of inside directors. The empirical results show that family firms are more likely to engage in accruals management than in real earnings management. The compensation to inside directors for their director role is far less than that for their manager role, and thus the incentive for inside directors to share private information individually is not strong. However, increasing the proportion of inside directors and bringing together all private information is one workable way for family firms to reduce the possibility of engaging in accruals management.
The carbon budget of terrestrial ecosystems at country-scale – a European case study

Abstract. We summed estimates of the carbon balance of forests, grasslands, arable lands and peatlands to obtain country-specific estimates of the terrestrial carbon balance during the 1990s. Forests and grasslands were a net sink for carbon, whereas croplands were carbon sources in all European countries. Hence, countries dominated by arable lands tended to be losing carbon from their terrestrial ecosystems, whereas forest-dominated countries tended to be sequestering carbon. In some countries, draining and extraction of peatlands caused substantial reductions in the net carbon balance. Net terrestrial carbon balances were typically an order of magnitude smaller than the fossil fuel-related carbon emissions. Exceptions to this overall picture were countries where population density and industrialization are small. It is, however, of utmost importance to acknowledge that the typically small net carbon balance represents the small difference between two large but opposing fluxes: uptake by forests and grasslands and losses from arable lands and peatlands. This suggests that relatively small changes in either or both of these large component fluxes could induce large effects on the net total, indicating that mitigation schemes should not be discarded a priori. In the absence of carbon-oriented land management, the current net carbon uptake is bound to decline soon. Protecting it will require actions at three levels; a) maintaining the current sink activity of forests, b) altered agricultural management practices to reduce the emissions from arable soils or turn into carbon sinks and c) protecting current large reservoirs (wetlands and old forests), since carbon is lost more rapidly than sequestered.