Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Students’ knowledge about cervical cancer and vaccine against human papillomavirus (HPV)

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted virus world-wide. it’s associated with over 99% of cases of cervical cancer and also connected with other cancers like rectal, vaginal or penile. Aim: to evaluate the level of knowledge about cervical cancer and HPV vaccine among students attending medical and non-medical universities and to discuss problems connected with low interest in cancer prevention. Materials and methods: 427 students took part in the anonymous survey. original questionnaire consisted of 19 questions and was prepared by the authors powered by review of valid references. Results: 93.2% of interviewees have heard about HPV vaccine and 20.6% of them have been vaccinat - ed. there was a statistically significant difference in knowledge and attitude to vaccination and cancer prevention between medical and non-medical students. Discussion: interviewees are aware of hazards involved in HPV infection, but they don’t know the exact scale of it. they cannot evaluate the risks connected with cervical cancer properly, what may influence their low interest in prevention. Knowledge about HPV vaccine’s existence is common, but there is a huge disinformation about its characteristics and side effects. Main source of knowledge are mass media, subject of vaccination is discussed at school or with general physician extremely rarely. the price of the vaccine is main reason for resignation, so regional government’s prevention programs play a very important role. Conclusions: the education of the society is a strong base for excellent prevention of cancers. Doctors should be included in more active operations for cervical cancer prevention.
The evolution and termination of an iron‐induced mesoscale bloom in the northeast subarctic Pacific

We initiated and mapped a diatom bloom in the northeast subarctic Pacific by concurrently adding dissolved iron and the tracer sulfur hexafluoride to a mesoscale patch of high‐nitrate, low‐chlorophyll waters. The bloom was dominated by pennate diatoms and was monitored for 25 d, which was sufficiently long to observe the evolution and termination of the bloom and most of the decline phase. Fast repetition–rate fluorometry indicated that the diatoms were iron‐replete until day 12, followed by a 4–5‐d transition to iron limitation. This transition period was characterized by relatively high rates of algal growth and nutrient uptake, which pointed to diatoms using intracellularly stored iron. By days 16–17, the bloom was probably limited simultaneously by both iron and silicic acid supply, because low silicic acid concentrations were evident. Modeling simulations, using data from our study, provided an estimate of the critical threshold for algal aggregation. Observed diatom abundances during the bloom exceeded this threshold between days 13 and 17. Mass sedimentation of diatoms and diatom aggregates was recorded in surface‐tethered free‐drifting sediment traps at 50 m in depth on day 21. Although the termination of the bloom was probably controlled by the availability of both iron and silicic acid, we cannot rule out the role of algal aggregation. The bloom decline was likely triggered by the onset of mass sedimentation. During our study, evidence of both diatom species succession and species‐specific aggregation point to important links between algal nutrient stress and the initiation of algal aggregation.
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Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Games and Software Engineering: Realizing User Engagement with Game Engineering Techniques

We would like to take this opportunity to welcome you all to the second workshop on Games and Software Engineering --- "GAS 2012: Realizing User Engagement with Game Engineering Techniques. " GAS 2012 explores issues that crosscut the software engineering and the game engineering communities. We had a total of eighteen submissions, of which nine were accepted. The first workshop on Games and Software Engineering was held in conjunction with ICSE 2011 in Waikiki, Honolulu, Hawaii. This workshop brought a diverse community of researchers and practitioners together, fostering discussion on new and interesting research avenues. This year's program, put together by the program committee and ourselves, touches on three main topics: gamification and the software engineering process, software engineering techniques for games, and studies of serious and pervasive games. We believe that this diversity in topics and selected papers will continue to foster the growth of our community.
Long-Distance Bird Migration within South America Revealed by Light-Level Geolocators

ABSTRACT. Little is known about the timing of migration, migration routes, and migratory connectivity of most of the >230 species of birds that breed at south temperate latitudes of South America and then migrate toward the tropics to overwinter. We used light-level geolocators to track the migration of 3 male and 3 female Fork-tailed Flycatchers (Tyrannus savana) captured on their breeding territories in Argentina. All birds initiated fall migration between late January and late February, and migrated 45 to 66 km day-1 in a northwesterly direction through central South America to either one or two wintering areas. Five individuals first spent several weeks (in April and May) in western Amazonia (mainly Peru, northwestern Brazil, and southern Colombia) before moving east to spend the rest of the non-breeding season in central Venezuela and northern Brazil. One individual occupied primarily one wintering area in eastern Colombia, northwestern Brazil, and southwestern Venezuela. Fall migration took approximately 7–12 weeks to complete and covered a distance of 2,888–4,105 km. We did not analyze spring migration data because of broad overlap with the austral spring equinox. These results are the first data on wintering locations, migration timing, and routes of individual migrant passerine birds that breed in South America. Given the general lack of similar data for practically all migratory birds that breed in South America, geolocator technology has the potential to revolutionize our understanding of how birds migrate—and the threats they face—on South America's rapidly changing landscape.
Identification of AFLP markers linked to the epistatic suppressor gene of a recessive genic male sterility in rapeseed and conversion to SCAR markers

A recessive epistatic genie male sterility (REGMS) two-type line, 9012AB, has been used for rapeseed hybrid seed production in China. The male sterility of 9012AB is controlled by two recessive duplicate sterile genes (msl and ms2) interacting with one recessive epistatic suppressor gene (esp). Homozygosity at the esp locus (espesp) suppresses the expression of the recessive male sterility trait in homozygous ms 1ms 1ms2 ms2 plants. In this study, we used a combination of bulked segregant analyses and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) to identify markers linked to the suppressor gene in a BC 1 population. From the survey of 1024 AFLP primer combinations, eight markers tightly linked to the target gene were identified. The two closest markers flanking both sides of Esp, P9M5 370 and S16M14 780 , had a genetic distance of 1.4 cM and 2.1 cM, respectively. The AFLP fragment from P4M8 190 , which co-segregated with the target gene was converted into a sequence characterized amplified region marker. The availability of linked molecular markers will facilitate the utilization of REGMS in hybrid breeding in Brassica napus.
Biomass models to estimate carbon stocks for hardwood tree species

To estimate forest carbon pools from forest inventories it is necessary to have biomass models or biomass expansion factors. In this study, tree biomass models were developed for the main hardwood forest species in Spain: Alnus glutinosa , Castanea sativa , Ceratonia siliqua , Eucalyptus globulus , Fagus sylvatica , Fraxinus angustifolia , Olea europaea var. sylvestris , Populus x euramericana , Quercus canariensis , Quercus faginea , Quercus ilex , Quercus pyrenaica and Quercus suber . Different tree biomass components were considered: stem with bark, branches of different sizes, above and belowground biomass. For each species, a system of equations was fitted using seemingly unrelated regression, fulfilling the additivity property between biomass components. Diameter and total height were explored as independent variables. All models included tree diameter whereas for the majority of species, total height was only considered in the stem biomass models and in some of the branch models. The comparison of the new biomass models with previous models fitted separately for each tree component indicated an improvement in the accuracy of the models. A mean reduction of 20% in the root mean square error and a mean increase in the model efficiency of 7% in comparison with recently published models. So, the fitted models allow estimating more accurately the biomass stock in hardwood species from the Spanish National Forest Inventory data.
The functional morphology of Bentholyonsia teramachii (Bivalvia: Lyonsiellidae): clues to the origin of predation in the deep water Anomalodesmata

Bentholyonsia teramachii has hitherto been described from Japan, but a conspecific specimen is herein recorded from Western Australian shelf waters at a depth of ∼100 m. Hitherto placed in the Lyonsiidae, B. teramachii is herein relocated in the Lyonsiellidae, alongside a second genus –Lyonsiella. Features of the anatomy of Bentholyonsiateramachii, including highly sensory siphons, reduced ctenidia unable to collect and transport particulate food, non-sorting labial palps, and a simplified Type II stomach and muscular gut all suggest that the species is a predator like Lyonsiella formosa. Other features of the anatomy, such as pallial taenioid muscles, radial mantle glands, and the structure of the ctenidia all point to a link between B. teramachii and the Lyonsiellidae and thus with the Verticordiidae and Parilimyidae and, therefore, with some of the oldest anomalodesmatans, the Pholadomyidae. In the possession by B. teramachii of a unique pair of antero-dorsal suspensory muscles, the link with fossil pholadomyoideans is reinforced. Bentholyonsia thus represents another genus of predatory bivalve, not only expanding our view of the prevalence of this feeding mode in the deep sea by this class but also helping us show how it evolved, in anatomical terms, from a suspension- (or deposit-) feeding ancestor.
Seasonal shifts in the diet of lake zooplankton revealed by phospholipid fatty acid analysis

SUMMARY 1. We analysed the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles of seston and of the dominant zooplankter, Daphnia longispina, through the open water period in a small, dystrophic lake to investigate seasonal variation in the diet of Daphnia. Phytoplankton, heterotrophic bacteria, green sulphur bacteria and methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) were all present in the water column of the lake, and previous studies have indicated that vertically migrating Daphnia can exploit all these potential food sources. 2. For adult Daphnia, although there was some correspondence between the PLFA profile of Daphnia and the concurrent seston PLFA profile, strongest correlations were between the Daphnia PLFA profile and those of potential food sources determined 7 days earlier. This interval presumably reflects the time it takes for adult Daphnia to turn over their fatty acid pool. 3. A correlation between the concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the epi- and metalimnion and measured primary production indicated that, within the total PLFA fraction, PUFAs can be useful biomarkers for phytoplankton in food-web studies. Algal PUFAs contributed appreciably to total PLFAs in adult Daphnia during spring and summer, but less so in autumn. 4. Daphnia in the lake actually reached their highest biomass in autumn, when methanotrophic activity was also highest, and the highest magnitude of MOB-specific PLFAs was recorded in both adult and juvenile Daphnia. A strong relationship existed between d 13 C values of Daphnia reported previously and the proportion of MOB-specific PLFAs in Daphnia. Autumnal mixing evidently stimulates bacterial oxidation of methane from the hypolimnion, and exploitation of the methanotrophic bacteria sustains a high Daphnia population late in the season. 5. Our results show that the PLFA composition of freshwater zooplankton like Daphnia corresponds rather well to that of their in situ diet of phytoplankton and bacteria, with a lag period of around 1 week in the case of adult animals. The PLFA profile of seston revealed the dominant available food sources, and relating these to the Daphnia PLFA profile provided insights into seasonal changes in Daphnia diet.
Development of the testis during post-metamorphic life in the Southern Hemisphere lamprey Geotria australis Gray

Spermatogenesis during post-metamorphic life in the anadromous parasitic lamprey Geotria australis was examined in histological sections of testes of animals collected in the field or maintained in the laboratory. The fully metamorphosed downstream migrants of G. australis possessed a very small testis in which the germ cells consisted of irregularly arranged prospermatogonia. By the end of the subsequent protracted marine trophic phase, the testis had increased in cross-sectional area by about 20 times and become organised into well-defined cysts. Since approximately 40% of these cysts possessed spermatocytes and 12% contained spermatids or early sperm, meiosis is initiated prior to the non-feeding upstream migration, which in G. australis lasts for the unusually long period of 15-16 months. The incidence of cysts with meiotic and post-meiotic stages decreased during the first 3 months of the spawning run before starting to rise during subsequent months. Spermiogenesis was never completed in any animals caught in the field during the first 9 months of the upstream migration or in those subsequently held in the laboratory up to and beyond November, the month when spawning naturally takes place. The phasing and asynchrony of spermatogenesis during post-metamorphic life in G. australis differs markedly from the situation in Northern Hemisphere lampreys.
Carotenoid composition of Delesseria lancifolia and other marine red algae from polar and temperate habitats

The carotenoid composition of 16 marine red algae from polar and temperate habitats was investigated. With the exception of Delesseria lancifolia, all showed a simple carotenoid pattern with one major xanthophyll, either lutein or zeaxanthin. Delesseria lancifolia exhibited a more complex pattern with three major xanthophylls. They were identified according to their retention times in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and their spectral characteristics as violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin. Although these pigments are part of the xanthophyll cycle in higher plants and brown algae, we found no evidence for a short-term light-induced conversion among these pigments in Delesseria lancifolia. The pigment stoichiometry was unchanged after several days in different irradiances.
Eucalypt hybrid susceptibility to Gonipterus scutellatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Damage caused by the eucalypt snout weevil Gonipterus scutellatus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (= G. gibberus Boisduval) was found on a greater proportion of F 1 Eucalyptus amygdalina Labill. E. risdonii J. D. Hook. hybrid trees than either of the pure species, in a replicated field trial in south-east Tasmania. A greater proportion of E. risdonii trees was also damaged than E. amygdalina trees. A study of the pattern of oviposition within the trial revealed no difference in oviposition by G. scutellatus between E. risdonii and E. amygdalina . Oviposition by G. scutellatus was significantly higher on the F 1 and F 2 interspecific hybrids between these two eucalypt species compared with pure species crosses. There were no apparent differences in damage or oviposition levels between the F 1 hybrids and the single large F 2 progeny included in the trial. This finding provides little evidence that hybrid susceptibility is due to hybrid breakdown after the first generation. Rather, the evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that there may be different mechanisms of host defence operating in each species that are somehow diluted below a threshold level in the hybrids.
Neratinib Plus Capecitabine Versus Lapatinib Plus Capecitabine in HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer Previously Treated With ≥ 2 HER2-Directed Regimens: Phase III NALA Trial

PURPOSE NALA (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01808573) is a randomized, active-controlled, phase III trial comparing neratinib, an irreversible pan-HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), plus capecitabine (N+C) against lapatinib, a reversible dual TKI, plus capecitabine (L+C) in patients with centrally confirmed HER2-positive, metastatic breast cancer (MBC) with ≥ 2 previous HER2-directed MBC regimens. METHODS Patients, including those with stable, asymptomatic CNS disease, were randomly assigned 1:1 to neratinib (240 mg once every day) plus capecitabine (750 mg/m2 twice a day 14 d/21 d) with loperamide prophylaxis, or to lapatinib (1,250 mg once every day) plus capecitabine (1,000 mg/m2 twice a day 14 d/21 d). Coprimary end points were centrally confirmed progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). NALA was considered positive if either primary end point was met (α split between end points). Secondary end points were time to CNS disease intervention, investigator-assessed PFS, objective response rate (ORR), duration of response (DoR), clinical benefit rate, safety, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). RESULTS A total of 621 patients from 28 countries were randomly assigned (N+C, n = 307; L+C, n = 314). Centrally reviewed PFS was improved with N+C (hazard ratio [HR], 0.76; 95% CI, 0.63 to 0.93; stratified log-rank P = .0059). The OS HR was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.72 to 1.07; P = .2098). Fewer interventions for CNS disease occurred with N+C versus L+C (cumulative incidence, 22.8% v 29.2%; P = .043). ORRs were N+C 32.8% (95% CI, 27.1 to 38.9) and L+C 26.7% (95% CI, 21.5 to 32.4; P = .1201); median DoR was 8.5 versus 5.6 months, respectively (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.74; P = .0004). The most common all-grade adverse events were diarrhea (N+C 83% v L+C 66%) and nausea (53% v 42%). Discontinuation rates and HRQoL were similar between groups. CONCLUSION N+C significantly improved PFS and time to intervention for CNS disease versus L+C. No new N+C safety signals were observed.
Overexpression of a Novel Long Non-Coding RNA MCM3AP-AS1 in breast cancer tissues compared to adjacent non-tumour tissues.

BACKGROUND Altered expression of several long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been described in numerous malignancies, including breast cancer, and some may have a role in carcinogenesis. We hypothesised differences in the expression of lncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 in breast cancer tissues compared to nearby healthy tissues and potential links with clinical features. METHODS We tested our hypothesis in 102 pairs of breast cancer tumours and adjacent non-tumour tissues from female patients. After RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis was performed for all specimens. The differential gene expression was assessed using Quantitative Real-Time PCR Technique. RESULTS There was a significant overexpression of the lncRNAs in tumour tissues as compared with their adjacent non-tumour tissues (p<0.001). Expression was significantly linked with the tumour oestrogen receptor expression (p=0.023) and tumour progesterone receptor expression (p<0.001). ROC analysis showed an AUC of 0.67 (95% CI 0.60-0.75)(p<0.001) with sensitivity and specificity of 58% and 76% respectively. CONCLUSION The lncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 may be a novel breast cancer lncRNA with high expression levels in breast cancer patients' tissue. Further investigationsare needed to confirm its uses as potential molecular marker and therapeutic target.
Differential effects of (cid:1) -arrestins on the internalization, desensitization and ERK1/2 activation downstream of protease activated receptor-2

Differential effects of (cid:1) -arrestins on the internalization, desensitization and ERK1/2 activation downstream of protease activated receptor-2. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 293: C346–C357, 2007. -Arrestins-1 and 2 are known to play important roles in desensitization of membrane receptors and facilitation of signal transduction pathways. It has been previously shown that (cid:1) -arrestins are required for signal termination, internalization, and ERK1/2 activation downstream of protease-acti-vated-receptor-2 (PAR-2), but it is unclear whether they are function-ally redundant or mediate speciﬁc events. Here, we demonstrate that in mouse embryonic ﬁbroblasts (MEFs) from (cid:1) -arrestin-1/2 knockout mice, G (cid:2) q signaling by PAR-2, as measured by mobilization of intracellular Ca 2 (cid:3) , is prolonged. Only expression of (cid:1) -arrestin-1 shortened the signal duration, whereas either (cid:1) -arrestin-1 or 2 was able to restore PKC-induced receptor desensitization. (cid:1) -arrestin-1 also mediated early, while (cid:1) -arrestin-2 mediated delayed, receptor internalization and membrane-associated ERK1/2 activation. While (cid:1) -ar-restin-1 colocalized with a lysosomal marker (LAMP-1), (cid:1) -arrestin-2 did not, suggesting a speciﬁc role for (cid:1) -arrestin-1 in lysosomal receptor degradation. Together, these data suggest distinct temporal and functional roles for (cid:1) -arrestins in PAR-2 signaling, desensitization, and internalization. and endogenous cell surface receptor levels were determined by immunoreactivity to an antibody directed against the extracellular N terminus using ﬂow cytometry. Decreases in surface ﬂuorescence relative to baseline reﬂect receptor internalization.
Poor Biological Factors and Prognosis of Interval Breast Cancers: Long-Term Results of Bahçeşehir (Istanbul) Breast Cancer Screening Project in Turkey

PURPOSE The Turkish Bahçeşehir Breast Cancer Screening Project was a 10-year, organized, population-based screening program carried out in Bahçeşehir county, Istanbul. Our aim was to examine the biologic features and outcome of screen-detected and interval breast cancers during the 10-year study period. METHODS Between 2009 and 2019, 2-view mammograms were obtained at 2-year intervals for women aged 40 to 69 years. Clinicopathological characteristics including ER, PR, HER2-neu, and Ki-67 status were analyzed for those diagnosed with breast cancer. RESULTS In 8,758 screened women, 131 breast cancers (1.5%) were detected. The majority of patients (82.3%) had prognostic stage 0-I disease. Contrarily, patients with interval cancers (n = 15; 11.4%) were more likely to have a worse prognostic stage (II-IV disease; odds ratio [OR], 3.59, 95% CI, 0.9 to 14.5) and high Ki-67 scores (OR, 3.14; 95% CI, 0.9 to 11.2). Interval cancers detected within 1 year were more likely to have a luminal B (57.1% v 31.9%) and triple-negative (14.3% v 1%) subtype and less likely to have a luminal A subtype (28.6% v 61.5%; P = .04). Patients with interval cancers had a poor outcome in 10-year disease-specific (DSS) and disease-free survival (DFS) compared with those with screen-detected cancers (DSS: 68.2% v 98.1%, P = .002; DFS: 78.6% v 96.5%, P = .011). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest the majority of screen-detected breast cancers exhibited a luminal A subtype profile with an excellent prognosis. However, interval cancers were more likely to have aggressive subtypes such as luminal B subtype or triple-negative cancers associated with a poor prognosis requiring other preventive strategies.