Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Translation simulation of a cylinder in a horizontal pipe

This article analyses the passive motion of a cylinder driven by flow in a horizontal pipe using the CFD method. In previous study by Yao et al. (2018) [A new openhole multistage hydraulic fracturing system and the ball plug motion in a horizontal pipe. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, Vol. 50, pp. 11–21], the motion of a cylinder in a horizontal pipe was investigated experimentally. The cylinder was observed contacting with the pipe bottom, meanwhile it behaved like a guided body with its axis parallel to that of the horizontal pipe. Apart from some observations, it was very hard to gain more knowledge about the flow distribution around the cylinder and the role played by the cylinder's eccentricity in the translation. In order to conduct an extended research, this article concentrates on a general model which considers eccentricity and cylinder–pipe interaction. Moreover, a novel yet efficient approach, which investigates the translation process in a control volume attached to the cylinder, is proposed to simulate the motion utilizing the moving reference frame technique. A series of numerical simulations, with various cylinder dimensions and eccentricities, are conducted to investigate the dynamics of the cylinder and fluid. Meanwhile, the validity of the simulations is proved by comparing the results of experiments with the simulations. Lastly, an error analysis is conducted, and the limitations of this study are highlighted.
Screening for breast cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement.

DESCRIPTION Update of the 2002 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation statement on screening for breast cancer in the general population. METHODS The USPSTF examined the evidence on the efficacy of 5 screening modalities in reducing mortality from breast cancer: film mammography, clinical breast examination, breast self-examination, digital mammography, and magnetic resonance imaging in order to update the 2002 recommendation. To accomplish this update, the USPSTF commissioned 2 studies: 1) a targeted systematic evidence review of 6 selected questions relating to benefits and harms of screening, and 2) a decision analysis that used population modeling techniques to compare the expected health outcomes and resource requirements of starting and ending mammography screening at different ages and using annual versus biennial screening intervals. RECOMMENDATIONS The USPSTF recommends against routine screening mammography in women aged 40 to 49 years. The decision to start regular, biennial screening mammography before the age of 50 years should be an individual one and take into account patient context, including the patient's values regarding specific benefits and harms. (Grade C recommendation) The USPSTF recommends biennial screening mammography for women between the ages of 50 and 74 years. (Grade B recommendation) The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the additional benefits and harms of screening mammography in women 75 years or older. (I statement) The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the additional benefits and harms of clinical breast examination beyond screening mammography in women 40 years or older. (I statement) The USPSTF recommends against clinicians teaching women how to perform breast self-examination. (Grade D recommendation) The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess additional benefits and harms of either digital mammography or magnetic resonance imaging instead of film mammography as screening modalities for breast cancer. (I statement).
Environmental impacts on the flux of mass through deep convection

Though deep convective clouds are important to numerous aspects of the climate system, they remain a source of much uncertainty. The varying large‐scale dynamics, relatively short development time, range of spatial scales, and complex microphysics involved in deep convection lead to difficulty in both observation of these clouds and modelling their impacts on larger spatial and longer temporal scales. This study utilizes an ensemble of high‐resolution cloud‐resolving simulations of deep convection forming in a spectrum of different environments to explore the sensitivity of deep convection, and in particular convective mass flux to changes in the initial conditions. We find that convection strength is strongly sensitive to small perturbations in the environment, specifically the convective available potential energy (CAPE) and boundary‐layer humidity. That storm effects on the environment, such as mass transport and tropospheric moistening through detrainment, are sensitive to these initial conditions points to the importance of better representing such parameters in global models.
Hepatitis B Associated Antigens of the Liver Tissue in the Course of Hepatitis

チンパンジーによる実験的B型肝炎で,肝組織内のHBc抗原,HBs抗原の変動を経時的に追求した. HBc抗原,HBs抗原は主として血中にHBs抗原が証明される時期に一致して認められ,HBs抗原が血中に出現する前に見出される事は少なかった. 若干HBc抗原が,HBs抗原に先行する傾向がみられた. 両抗原とも急性に経過する肝炎では染る細胞の数も少なく,染色性も薄く,慢性に経過しトランスアミナーゼの上昇の軽い例では多かった. 急性肝炎ではHBs抗原は先ず単細胞性散在性に染り,トランスアミナーゼの急上昇する前では若干の集簇する細胞の細胞膜にHBs抗原が認められた. 然しチンパンジーの軽症の肝炎では発症前にほとんどすべての肝細胞で,HBs抗原が染るという状態はなく,むしろHBs抗原陽性細胞の数は少なかった. 慢性に経過する例ではHBs抗原は単細胞性に染るものでも,はじめは細胞質内にびまん性に染まるが,後に細胞質の一部に集って封入体を作る傾向が認められた.
Majorization-projection methods for multidimensional scaling via Euclidean distance matrix optimization

This thesis aims to propose an efficient numerical method for a historically popular problem, multi-dimensional scaling (MDS), through the Euclidean distance matrix (EDM) optimization. The problem tries to locate a number of points in a low dimensional real space based on some inter-vector dissimilarities (i.e., noise contaminated Euclidean distances), which has been notoriously known to be non-smooth and non-convex. When it comes to solving the problem, four classes of stress based minimizations have been investigated. They are stress minimization, squared stress minimization, robust MDS and robust Euclidean embedding, yielding numerous methods that can be summarized into three representative groups: coordinates descent minimization, semi-definite programming (SDP) relaxation and EDM optimization. Each of these methods was cast based on only one or two minimizations and difficult to process the rest. Especially, no efficient methods have been proposed to address the robust Euclidean embedding to the best of our knowledge. In this thesis, we manage to formulate the problem into a general EDM optimization model with ability to possess four objective functions that respectively correspond to above mentioned four minimizations. Instead of concentrating on the primary model, we take its penalization into consideration but also reveal their relation later on. The appealing feature of the penalization allows its four objective functions to be economically majorized by convex functions provided that the penalty parameter is above certain threshold. Then the projection of the unique solution of the convex majorization onto a box set enjoys a closed form, leading to an extraordinarily efficient algorithm dubbed as MPEDM, an abbreviation for Majorization-Projection via EDM optimization. We prove that MPEDM involving four objective functions converges to a stationary point of the penalization and also an -KKT point of the primary problem. Therefore, we succeed in achieving a viable method that is able to solve all four stress based minimizations. Finally, we conduct extensive numerical experiments to see the performance of MPEDM by carrying out self-comparison under four objective functions. What is more, when it is against with several state-of-the-art methods on a large number of test problems including wireless sensor network localization and molecular conformation, the superiorly fast computational speed and very desirable accuracy highlight that it will become a very competitive embedding method in high dimensional data setting.
A Low-Profile Light-Weight Wideband Connected Parallel Slot Array for Wide-Angle Scanning

A novel wideband-connected parallel slot array for wide-angle scanning applications is proposed in this article. Different from conventional connected slot arrays, the proposed array consists of dual parallel slots, where the introduced parasitic slot acts as an additional series capacitor. The connected parallel slot array can realize low and moderate active input impedances and achieve wide bandwidth without using any complex balun. To improve the wide-angle impedance matching issue and avoid an increase in the array profile, a mixed periodic metallic strips layer with almost zero height and weight was adopted. The metallic strips layer can be regarded as a shunt capacitance between the array and free space. Additionally, equivalent circuit models were established to analyze the function of the introduced parasitic slot and metallic strips layer. The proposed connected parallel slot array achieves a concurrent bandwidth of approximately 69.2% (1.35–2.78 GHz), while covering a scanning area of ±60° in the E-, H-, and D-planes. The profile is only 0.088 $\lambda _{\mathrm {L}}$ , where $\lambda _{\mathrm {L}}$ is the wavelength of the lowest operation frequency in free space. Besides, low cross-polarization in principal planes, planar and simple structure, and light weight are also the merits of the proposed antenna array.
Stretching—An Important Strategy to Prevent Musculoskeletal Aging: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

This study aimed to review systematically the available evidence on the effects of stretching exercise on musculoskeletal function of the elderly individuals. The search was performed in 4 databases. Twenty-four controlled clinical trials were included and the methodological qualities were measured using the JADAD scale. Stretching exercise improved gait speed (P = .04), range of motion of hip uniarticular flexors (P = .02), and ankle dorsiflexion (P = .003) as compared with control groups. Stretching exercise can be considered as an intervention for elderly individuals in counteracting age-related decline in mobility. However, it is suggested new randomized clinical trials, focusing on the parameters to prescribe stretching exercise.
How much is the dish? – Was kosten uns Lebensmittel wirklich?

Die Landwirtschaft, die in Deutschland den bei weitem hochsten Flachenbedarf aufweist, ist fur eine Vielzahl von Umweltbelastungen verantwortlich, die sich auf alle drei Saulen der Nachhaltigkeit beziehen (Okonomie, Gesellschaft, Umwelt). Die resultierenden, versteckten Kosten dieser zumeist unzureichend quantifizierten Folgen sind aktuell nicht in die Marktpreise fur Lebensmittel einbezogen. Vor diesem Hintergrund identifiziert die Studie drei dieser Umweltfolgen (Stickstoff, Klimagase, Energieerzeugung) quantitativ und aggregiert sie bezogen auf unterschiedliche Kategorien von Nahrungsmitteln. Hierauf aufbauend werden kategoriespezifische externe Effekte berechnet. Eine Internalisierung von kategoriespezifischen Folgekosten, die dem Verursacherprinzip (polluter-pays principle, UN 1992) entspricht, ebnet den Weg in Richtung einer nachhaltigeren Preissetzung fur landwirtschaftliche Produkte. Unter Verwendung von Lebenszyklus-Analysen (life cycle analysis) und Metaanalysen zeigen wir, dass die hochsten externen Effekte bzw. Folgekosten mit der Produktion konventionell hergestellter Produkte tierischen Ursprungs einhergehen (192% Aufschlag auf die Erzeugerpreise), die zweithochsten Aufschlage sich fur konventionell hergestellte Milchprodukte (94%) und die niedrigsten fur Bio-Lebensmittel pflanzlichen Ursprungs (6%) ergeben. In allen untersuchten Kategorien verursachen biologisch hergestellte Lebensmittel geringere Folgekosten als ihre konventionellen Counterparts. Unser Ansatz leistet einen Beitrag, das Delta zwischen aktuellen Marktpreisen und den tatsachlichen Preisen aufzuzeigen. Hierbei zeigt sich, dass der wahre Wert auszudifferenzieren ist fur unterschiedliche Lebensmittelgruppen und Produktionssysteme.
Bacterial Etiology and Antibacterial Susceptibility Patterns of Pediatric Bloodstream Infections: A Two Year Study From Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz, Iran

Background: Sepsis refers to an illness resulting from a systemic inflammatory response to infection, mainly caused by bacterial agents. Any delay in sepsis treatment can lead to high morbidity and mortality. Objectives: The aims of this study were to identify the common bacterial agents responsible for pediatric septicemia and determine their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz, Iran. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted within a two year period (2011 - 2013) for all patients with clinical manifestations of septicemia. Blood specimens were collected aseptically in BACTEC TM blood bottles, and conventional bacteriological methods were followed for isolation and identification of the bacteria. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed by using the disk diffusion method in accordance with CLSI recommendations. Results: From a total of 491 blood cultures, 74 (15.1%) samples were detected as positive. The most common isolates were Gram positive cocci, and Staphylococcus epidermidis (48.6%) was found to be the most common Gram positive cocci. Among recovered Gram negative isolates, Acinetobacter spp. (8.1%) were the predominant isolates. Overall, the most effective antibiotics against Gram positive cocci were vancomycin (98%) and chloramphenicol (72.5%). In addition, the highest sensitivities to the agents tested against Gram negative isolates were to ciprofloxacin (47.8%) and chloramphenicol (30.4%). Conclusions: Due to the variable nature of antibiotic susceptibility patterns and etiological agents of septicemia, continual assessment of the most frequent pathogens associated with bloodstream infections and detection of their sensitivity patterns to locally available antibiotics seem to be reasonable measures.
Hölder continuity of the solutions to a class of SPDE’s arising from branching particle systems in a random environment

We consider a d-dimensional branching particle system in a random environment. Suppose that the initial measures converge weakly to a measure with bounded density. Under the Mytnik-Sturm branching mechanism, we prove that the corresponding empirical measure X t converges weakly in the Skorohod space D([0, T ];MF (R )) and the limit has a density ut(x), where MF (R ) is the space of finite measures on R. We also derive a stochastic partial differential equation ut(x) satisfies. By using the techniques of Malliavin calculus, we prove that ut(x) is jointly Hölder continuous in time with exponent 1 2 − and in space with exponent 1− for any > 0.
P86 Exploring the emotional journey patients with asthma experience and the difference between childhood and adult diagnosis

Background Asthma affects 5.4 million people in the UK. We wanted to explore the emotional journey patients with asthma experience during their management. Methods Market research was conducted with an independent agency to investigate the emotional journey patients with asthma experience. Methodologies used to collect this data included patient immersion interviews with ethnographic elements, video diary and the Soulmate™ Duo interview technique. SoulmateTM is a technique where for a proportion of the interview, patients interview each other without a moderator, allowing deeper insight into their experiences to be obtained. A total of 21 patients were interviewed, including partners and families to fully understand the impact of asthma on the individual affected. Results Experience of asthma varies considerably depending on whether symptoms first presented in early childhood or later in life. Patients diagnosed in childhood or infancy were found to normalise their symptoms more and may underestimate the severity of their condition, leading to lower adherence. Those diagnosed in adulthood were found to be more aware of the impact asthma was having upon their life. These patients tend to be regimented about taking medication and develop strategies to help them remember. Patients experience a range of emotional ups and downs throughout the treatment journey. The emotional dynamic was found to change with certain events, from diagnosis to their first asthma exacerbation. The key emotional themes identified with regards to asthma as a disease were feeling; 1) vulnerable and insecure of experiencing an asthma attack at any time, 2) restricted and constrained in terms of what they could do with their life, 3) tired and deflated over a battle that can never be won, 4) calm and relaxed when they did not experience symptoms. Impact on partners of patients with asthma was significant and often unrecognised. Conclusions Patients diagnosed with asthma in childhood are at risk of under-estimating their symptoms and are potentially at greater risk of being mis-managed. These patients need a deeper exploration of their asthma symptoms to optimise their management.
Multi-Word Expressions and Morphology

Multi-word expressions are linguistic objects formed by two or more words that behave like a ‘unit’ by displaying formal and/or functional idiosyncratic properties with respect to free word combinations. They include an extremely varied set of items (from idioms to collocations, from formulae to sayings) which have been the privileged subject matter of fields such as phraseology, lexicology, lexicography, and computational linguistics. Far from being a marginal phenomenon, multi-word expressions are ubiquitous and pervasive: some estimate that they are as numerous as words in some languages, which makes them as central an issue as words for the understanding of human language. However, their relation with words, and morphology, is by far less explored, not to say neglected, especially in terms of demarcation, competition, and cross-linguistic variation.
Prevalence Estimation and Policy Formulation

Prevalence estimation has a potentially important role in drug policy decision making. To date, however, it has played only a modest role in decisions at the national level, though it has come to be important in the rhetoric of national drug policy. This limited influence arises from the limited capacities and credibility of the estimates on the one hand and the highly moralistic nature of the policy process surrounding the illicit drug issue on the other. The available numbers are developed either systematically from data sources that have low credibility (self-report) or are developed less systematically from sources that simply are not well understood. Estimates of the number of problematic drug users are most likely to have a significant role in policy making in the near future.
Dry coastal ecosystems : Africa, America, Asia and Oceania

African and Adjacent Regions: Dry coastal ecosystems of Eastern North Africa (M.A. Ayyad, S.I. Chabbour). Dry coastal ecosystems of the Asian Red Sea coast (M.A. Zahran). Dry coastal ecosystems of Somalia (S. Pignatti, G. Moggi, F.M. Raimondo). Dry coastal ecosystems of Madeira and the Azores (E. Sjogren). Dry coastal ecosystems of the Canary Islands and the Ilhas Selvagens (A. Santos Guerra). Dry coastal ecosystems of West Africa (J.A. Lee). Dry coastal ecosystems of Namibia (M.-L. Penrith). Dry coastal ecosystems of the South African West coast (C. Boucher, A. Le Roux). Dry coastal ecosystems of the South African South coast (H.C. Taylor, C. Boucher). Dry coastal ecosystems of the South African East coast (P.J. Weisser, K.H. Cooper). Dry Coastal ecosystems of Kenya and Tanzania (J.G. Frazier). Section VI. Asian Region: Dry Coastal ecosystems of Indian sub-continent and islands (T.A. Rao, V.M. Meher-Homji). Dry coastal ecosystems of Japan (A. Miyawaki, K. Suzuki). Dry coastal ecosystems of the Southern coast of Java (S. Hardjosuwamo, S. Hadisumarno). Section VII. Australasian Region: Dry coastal ecosystems of New Zealand (P.N. Johnson). Dry coastal ecosystems of Australia: an overview of the dune vegetation (R.L. Specht). Dry coastal ecosystems of Northern Australia (J.S. Beard, K.F. Kenneally). Dry coastal ecosystems of the Southwestern Australia, (J.S. Beard). Dry Coastal ecosystems of Southeastern Australia (J.B. Kirkpatrick). Section VIII Boreal and Temperate North American Regions: Dry coastal ecosystems of Eastern Canada (M.M. Grandtner). Dry coastal ecosystems along the Great Lakes (M.A. Maun.). Dry coastal ecosystems of the Eastern United States of America (R. Stalter). Dry coastal ecosystems of Northwestern North America (A.M. Wiedemann). Section IX Subtropical North American and Central American Regions: Dry coastal ecosystems of California (A.F. Johnson). Dry coastal ecosystems of Northwestem Mexico (A.F. Johnson). Part 1. Baja California Peninsula. Part 2. Eastern shore of the Gulf of California. Dry coastal ecosystems of the Gulf coast of the United States of America (R. Stalter). Dry coastal ecosystems of the Atlantic coasts of Mexico and Central America (P. Moreno-Casasola). Dry coastal ecosystems of the West Indies (A.L. Stoffers). Dry coastal ecosystems of Cuba (A. Borhidi). Dry coastal ecosystems of the Pacific coasts of Mexico and Central America (P. Moreno-Casasola). Section X. South American Regions. Dry coastal ecosystems of the Galapagos Islands (H.H. van der Werff, H. Adsersen). Dry coastal ecosystems of the Tropical Brazilian coast (L.D. De Lacerda, D.S. D. De Araujo, N.C. Maciel). Dry coastal ecosystems of temperate Atlantic South America (J. Pfadenhauer). (Part contents).
Transcriptional Suppression of E-Cadherin by HPV-16 E6 and E7 Oncogenes is Independent of Hypermethylation of E-Cadherin Promoter

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers observed in women worldwide, and its development is related to E6 and E7 two viral oncoproteins of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types. Aberrant expression of E-cadherin, which is associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), is frequently observed in cervical cancer. Objectives: The mechanisms underlying E-cadherin suppression in cervical cancer are not clear; therefore, this experimental study from Iran was designed to elucidate the relationship of DNA methyltransferase expression and E-cadherin promoter methylation with E-cadherin expression in HPV-16 E6- and E7-expressing cells. Materials and Methods: Real-time PCR and western blot were used to determine the effects of HPV-16 E6 and E7 on E-cadherin, DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b expression in HCT-116 cell line. We also analyzed E-cadherin promoter methylation in cells expressing HPV-16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins by bisulfite sequencing. Results: HPV-16 E6 and E7 proteins reduced E-cadherin expression 3.7 and 2.2 times when compared with control cells (P = 0.0221 and P = 0.0461, respectively). This reduction was greater in HPV-16 E6-expressing cells than in HPV-16 E7-expressing cells. Although HPV-16 E6 and E7 increased DNA methyltransferase 1 expression 2.6 and 3.4 times, respectively (P = 0.0133 and P = 0.0113) when compared with control cells, they was no E-cadherin promoter methylation. Conclusions: Unlike other cancer-associated viruses (HBV, HCV, and EBV), reduction in E-cadherin expression in HPV-16 E6- and E7-expressing cells is not due to hypermethylation of the E-cadherin promoter.