Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chronic Anticholinergic Use and the Aging Brain

Background—Older Americans are facing an epidemic of chronic diseases and are thus exposed to anticholinergics (AC) that might negatively affect their risk of developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. Objective—Investigate the association between impairment in cognitive function and previous AC exposure. Design—A retrospective cohort study. Setting—Primary care clinics in Indianapolis, Indiana. Participants—3690 older adults who have undergone cognitive assessment and had a one-year medication dispensing record. Outcome—Cognitive function was measured in two sequential steps; a two-step screening process followed by a formal diagnostic process for participants with positive screening results. Exposure—Three patterns of AC exposure were defined by the duration of AC exposure, the number of AC medications dispensed at the same time, and the severity of AC effects as determined by the Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden List. Results—In comparison to older adults with no anticholinergic exposure and after adjusting for age, race, gender, and underlying comorbidity, the odds ratio (OR) for having a diagnosis of MCI was 2.73 (95% confidence interval, CI; 1.27, 5.87) among older adults who were exposed to at least three possible anticholinergic for at least 90 days; and the OR for having dementia was 0.43 (95% CI; 0.10, 1.81). Conclusion—Exposure to medications with severe anticholinergic cognitive burden may be a risk factor for developing MCI. © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Corresponding Author: Malaz Boustani, MD, MPH, Regenstrief Institute, Inc., 410 West 10th Street, Suite 2000, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-3012, Phone: 317-423-5633, Fax: 317-423-5695, mboustan@iupui.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Alzheimers Dement. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 July 01. Published in final edited form as: Alzheimers Dement. 2013 July ; 9(4): 377–385. doi:10.1016/j.jalz. 2012.02. 005. N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript N IH PA Athor M anscript
Density of demand and the benefit of Uber

Uber has attracted the attention of economists and policy makers for its innovations in the taxicab market and its potential for significant consumer welfare gains. The size of this gain depends in part on whether these innovations permit transactions previously costly or infeasible. Using New York City — the largest taxi market in the country — as its context, this paper estimates the level of any technological advantage Uber has over hail taxis in matching to consumers. I combine publicly available transportation data with data scraped from Uber and traffic cameras to estimate a model of the demand for transportation services and imbed it in a spatial equilibrium framework in which Uber and taxis compete for customers. I find that Uber’s matching advantage depends on the density of the market and translates into highly heterogeneous benefits to customers across the city. In consumer welfare terms, I estimate that the introduction of Uber added only $0.10 per ride in the densest parts of New York but over $1.00 in the least dense. These results, combined with the high volume of substitution from taxis to Uber in central Manhattan, imply Uber’s appeal in its densest market has depended significantly on advantages independent from its matching technology, including its lower regulatory burden.
Semantic Segmentation with Histological Image Data : Cancer Cell vs . Stroma

With the introduction of end-to-end trainable neural models, several tasks across the field of computer vision have seen enormous success, including image classification, semantic segmentation, and many more. This paper explores the application of convolutional neural networks to the task of semantic segmentation on histological images from cancer patients, obtained from Stanford Medical School.
Health Care Provider Communication An Empirical Model of Therapeutic Effectiveness

BACKGROUND: Patients who are facing life-threatening and life-limiting cancer almost invariably experience psychological distress. Responding effectively requires therapeutic sensitivity and skill. In this study, we examined therapeutic effectiveness within the setting of cancer-related distress with the objective of understanding its constituent parts. METHODS: Seventy-eight experienced psychosocial oncology clinicians from 24 health care centers across Canada were invited to participate in 3 focus groups each. In total, 29 focus groups were held over 2 years, during which clinicians articulated the therapeutic factors deemed most helpful in mitigating patient psychosocial distress. The content of each focus group was summarized into major themes and was reviewed with participants to confirm their accuracy. Upon completion of the focus groups, workshops were held in various centers, eliciting participant feedback on an empirical model of therapeutic effectiveness based on the qualitative analysis of focus group data. RESULTS: Three primary, interrelated therapeutic domains emerged from the data, forming a model of optimal therapeutic effectiveness: 1) personal growth and self-care (domain A), 2) therapeutic approaches (domain B), and 3) creation of a safe space (domain C). Areas of domain overlap were identified and labeled accordingly: domain AB, therapeutic humility; domain BC, therapeutic pacing; and domain AC, therapeutic presence. CONCLUSIONS: This empirical model provides detailed insights regarding the elements and pedagogy of effective communication and psychosocial care for patients who are experiencing cancer-related distress. [See editorial on pages 000000, this issue. ] Cancer 2013;000:000–000.VC 2013 American Cancer Society.
ROLE BASED ACCESS CONTROL FOR GRID ENVIRONMENT USING GRIDSIM

Address for Correspondence 1 Department CSE, BGIET, Sangrur 2 Department CSE, GNE, Ludhiana er_simar83@rediffmail.com, sukhjitsehra@gmail.com ABSTRACT Security is a major issue in highly computational resource sharing environment [5]. Computer-based access controls can prescribe not only who or what process may have access to a specific system resource, but also the type of access that is permitted. Access control is a security measure that protects shared resources against unauthorized accesses. The resources that are protected by access control are usually called objects, whereas the entities whose accesses are regulated are termed users (or subjects). Access control [6] is required to preserve and protect the confidentiality of the information of the system and its resources. Access control is implemented by using simulated grid environment.
Microstrip Antenna Side Lobe Suppression Using Left-Handed Metamaterial Structure

In this paper, a Left-Handed Metamaterial (LHM) structure has been designed at frequency 2.9-3.1 GHz for radar application. LHM structure is placed at the top of the microstrip antenna in order to suppress the side lobe level. The simulation result shows that the side lobe level has been suppressed from 9.2 dB to -12.8 dB at phi = 0 The Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Studio Suite is used to simulate and show the specification of the design.
Attribute Grammars, Applications and Systems: International Summer School Saga Prague, Czechoslovakia, June 4-13, 1991 Proceedings

to attribute grammars. - Attribute Grammars as a specification method. - Attribute evaluation methods. - Implementation of visit-oriented attribute evaluators. - Storage allocation for attribute evaluators using stacks and queues. - Grammar flow analysis. - Attribute evaluation and parsing. - Incremental attribute evaluation. - A survey of parallel attribute evaluation methods. - Higher Order Attribute Grammars. - Object-orientation in attribute grammars. - Attribute grammars and logic programs: A comparison of concepts. - Affix grammars for programming languages. - Incremental static semantic analysis for object-oriented languages using Door Attribute Grammars. - Attribute grammars in a compiler construction environment. - Prototyping by using an attribute grammar as a logic program. - Using the generative aspect of attribute grammars in a knowledge based way. - Natural language interface construction using attribute grammars. - Affix grammars for natural languages. - Internals and externals of the FNC-2 attribute grammar system. - An overview of the OPTRAN system. - Attribute reevaluation in OPTRAN. - The translator writing system RUEGEN-KS.
Review of Predictors of Postoperative Pain

Introduction: Pain in the postoperative period reported by the patient (acute or chronic) is an important aspect that must be taken into consideration and widely studied, since it interferes in the patient's acceptance by this method of treatment, prognosis, quality of life, besides being a descriptor of the quality of the service in which the surgery was performed and of the professionals involved. Currently, the patient takes into consideration not only the treatment itself of his illness, but how this will impact his life after the procedure. Materials and Methods: A review was conducted in the literature in order to describe the main predictors of postoperative pain and its importance. Fifty studies were analyzed between 2002 and 2018, whose objective was to evaluate the impact of postoperative pain on the patient's quality of life. Results and Discussion: Different types of scores were shown to be used as a predictor of postoperative pain. The psychological and emotional changes, followed by the demographic differences were the most important aspects found in the preoperative period that can measure the risk for postoperative pain. Conclusion: The perception of quality of life changes according to the study group analyzed in relation to the referred disease and the cultural and social environment in which the individual is inserted, making the analysis often subjective, but as fundamental for the relationship between patient and multi professional team with better outcome treatment.
haracteristics of demand and psychological treatments n a university clinic rancisco

The objectives of this study are to describe the most common characteristics of patients receiving psychological treatment and the treatments administered. We analyzed a sample of 856 patients at the University Psychology Clinic of the Complutense University of Madrid. Five diagnostic categories accounted for 78.4% of demand: anxiety disorders (31.9%), no diagnosis (15.4%), other problems requiring clinical attention (14.2%), mood disorders (9.5%) and adaptive disorders (7.4%). A total of 17.7% presented a comorbid diagnosis and 49.3% had received treatment previously. The mean of assessment and treatment sessions was 3.5 and 12.7, respectively. The most commonly applied techniques included psychoeducation (95.1%), cognitive restructuring (74.8%), relaxation (74.4%), and control of internal dialogue (68.1%). Of the patients that had finished contact with the clinic, 68.3% were a therapeutic success. We discuss the generalization of the results and the implications for the profession and clinical practice. © 2016 Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid. Published by Elsevier España, S.L. U. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Características de la demanda y de los tratamientos psicológicos en una clínica universitaria
Application of a magnetorheological elastomer in an aviation structure

Magnetorheological elastomers have properties that can be altered by magnetic field. Many materials were invented more than 30 years ago, but their development and improvement over the past three decades has led to new, more varied uses of these adaptable materials. The main goal of the paper is to present and investigate the application of a magnetorheological elastomer in an aviation structure. The potential advantage of this solution is a possibility to adjust the shape of the wing during the flight by altering the magnetic field strength, which in turn causes deflection of a magnetorheological elastomer. For the purpose of the investigations, an E214 aerofoil has been selected. The original, carbon composite model set a reference value of both lift and drag coefficient for an E214 profile. A thin layer of magnetorheological elastomer was placed on the upper side of the reversed wing. In order to fully understand the effect of such structural change on an aerial profile, the new research stand was designed and manufactured for the purpose of this research in the Institute of Aviation. Experiments were conducted due to evaluate the influence of magnetorheological elastomer on the overall performance. Results of investigations were presented and discussed.
Document Similarity Measure Based on Topic Model

Document similarity computation is an exciting research topic in information retrieval (IR) and it is a key issue for automatic document categorization, clustering analysis, fuzzy query and question answering. Topic model is an emerging field in natural language processing (NLP), IR and machine learning (ML). In this paper, we apply a latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic model-based method to compute similarity between documents. By mapping a document with term space representation into a topic space, a distribution over topics derived for computing document similarity. An empirical study using real data set demonstrates the efficiency of our method.
Optimal detection of a BPSK signal with unsynchronized co-channel interferers

The problem of optimally detecting a desired BPSK modulated bit in the presence of another bit unsynchronized BPSK modulated interfering signal and additive white Gaussian noise is considered. Given certain information about the desired and interferer signals, the minimum achievable bit error rates for two types of receiver models are obtained and compared with that for a conventional matched filter. It is found that knowledge of the interferer signal's carrier phase is important when the signal-to-interference ratio is low. The effect on bit error rate of a frequency offset between the desired and interferer signals is also studied. Finally, performance sensitivity to errors in estimating the interferer signal's carrier phase and the bit timing difference between the desired and interferer signals is examined.
oral iron Daily during pregnancy supplementation

I ron is widely known to be an essential mineral that plays a number of key and important roles in the human body. While general consumer information in the UK advises that most people can get adequate amounts of iron from their diet (NHS Choices 2012), there is a perception that pregnant women are more likely than non-pregnant people to be deficient in iron, and global concerns about iron deficiency and its consequences in pregnant women form the foundation of this review:
DETERMINANTS OF CORRUPTION IN LOCAL HEALTH CARE PROVISION : EVIDENCE FROM 108 MUNICIPALITIES IN BOLIVIA

Using newly collected data from a survey of health care users and health facilities in Bolivia, we study the determinants of perceptions of corruption in local health services across 108 municipalities. In particular, we investigate the impact on corruption of two sets of explanatory variables, proxying for i) quality of management in health facilities; ii) voice and accountability. We find that corruption is significantly associated with longer waiting time to obtain medical procedures (which we interpret as a proxy for poor management, having controlled for indicators of how crowded the facility is, such as the number of beds and doctor per capita). Moreover, corruption is perceived to be lower in those municipalities where facilities have consistent monitoring of personnel (in this case, frequent written evaluations of personnel). As for “voice,” we find mixed results. No association emerges between perceived corruption voter turnout, participation of citizens to cultural and religious associations (which we interpret as a proxy, albeit imperfect, of social capital), and the number of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that, following the 1994 decentralization reform, are supposed to channel citizens voice into municipal budget planning. Nonetheless, corruption is lower in those municipalities where NGOs are more active, suggesting that some forms bottom-up accountability can be effective in keeping corruption in check. Gatti and Klugman, the World Bank and Gray-Molina, Universidad Catolica Boliviana. The opinions expressed here do not necessarily represent those of the World Bank or its member countries. We thank El Daw Suliman for excellent research assistance. Send correspondence to rgatti@worldbank.org.
Learning context-free grammars with recurrent neural networks

The primary purpose of this work is to construct a recurrent neural network (RNN) architecture that learns context-free grammars (CFG) with recursive rules, intending to get some insights for human language acquisition. Specifically, we are interested in how RNN can learn recursive rules. The models proposed here constructed with two promising connectionist techniques, recursive auto-associative memory (RAAM) and simple recurrent network (SRN). RAAM learns to represent parse trees as real valued vectors, and SRN learns to parse sentences. We investigated if the RAAM/SRN model can learn to parse a language {a/sup n/b/sup n/|n/spl ges/1}, and two other languages generated by simple CFG with recursively embedded phrases.
The Role of the Gut in Controlling Nutrient Intake

Near the end of the nineteenth century, Pavlov suggested that digestive secretions including exocrine pancreatic secretion were exclusively controlled by neural reflex mechanisms (1). In 1902, only a few years later, Bayliss and Starling published their centennial paper on secretin, opening the field of gastrointestinal endocrinology while arguing that neural regulation of the pancreas was "superfluous and improbable" (2). In the following decades, especially after the discoveries of gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK), it was generally accepted that digestive processes (gastric acid secretion, exocrine pancreatic secretion, biliary secretion, and gallbladder contraction) were mainly regulated by hormones. Looking back it seems to be strange that investigators have tended for decades to adopt an "all-or-nothing" approach to explain the regulation of the various digestive functions. Current appreciation of the complexity of mechanisms governing most biologic phenomena leads us to accept that digestive processes are regulated through an interplay of multiple neural and hormonal pathways (Fig. 1).
Meccheri Wages Behaviour and Unemployment in Keynes and New Keynesians Views . A Comparison

The paper compares different strands of New Keynesian Economics with respect to Keynes’s original work on wages, describing which are the most relevant differences and analogies. In particular, two issues are analysed in detail. First, the explanations provided by Keynes and New Keynesians of nominal and real wages behaviour. Second, the different theories and interpretations concerning the ability of flexible nominal wages in assuring full employment in the economy. It is argued that, although persistent involuntary unemployment is a central and continuing problem both in Keynes and New Keynesians views, referring to the role of nominal and/or real wages behaviour in explaining unemployment, New Keynesian theories present features which differ, sometimes substantially, from the ideas and concepts developed by Keynes in his General Theory. JEL classification: B20, B40, E12, E24
FOR AN EMBODIED COGNITIVE SCIENCE : TOWARDS AN INTEGRATED APPROACH

Is cognitive activity more similar to a game of chess than to a game of pool? In order to answer this question we need to know first what are the relevant differences, cognitively speaking, between a game of pool and a game of chess. Questions of this sort (Kirsh, 1991; Haugeland, 1998) highlight the contraposition between those aspects of cognition where a rule-governed, formal approach appears to apply, and those other aspects of cognition that are deeply rooted in the physical nuts-and-bolts of the interacting agent. Whereas chess is a formal game that can be played regardless of details of physical implementation (think of Kasparov’s legal defeat to Deep Blue), and where rule-governed manipulations of symbolic states suffice for the purposes of conforming to the rules of chess, in the case of pool, the actual striking of the cue ball with a nice solid hit cannot be dispensed with. Simply, pool is
Importance of outliers: A three-dimensional study of coarsening in 
α
-phase iron

Grain coarsening behavior in an α-phase iron sample is studied in three dimensions using high energy x-ray diffraction microscopy. 4971 grains that are entirely inside the sample are segmented in the initial state and 3905 remain after annealing. A matching procedure was used to track 3299 grains between the two states while the remainder were either consumed by neighbors or the tracking algorithm failed to correlate them. During the single annealing treatment, the average grain volume increased by 13%. Statistical analysis in each state yields subtle changes in the grain size and nearest neighbor number distributions. Correlating topological features with volume changes between states, the average behavior is seen to be consistent with an isotropic model of curvature driven coarsening, but the dispersion of volume changes in each topological class is comparable to the overall trend in the average behaviors. Thus, the topological characterizations used here are not predictive of the behavior of individual grains under the isotropic assumption. Examination of anecdotal cases allows understanding of some outliers but others appear counter to an isotropic theory.
Gr upSM Diffusion MRI : From Principles To Modelling And Clinical Applications

Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) is the set of methodologies developed to investigate structural properties of brain tissues by analyzing water molecules diffusion process. Indeed, presence of biological barriers influences water displacement both in terms of velocity and directionality. DWI has the unique ability to provide, non-invasively and in-vivo, clues at microscopic level starting from data acquired at macroscopic scales. A number of models have been proposed in literature to highlight different aspects of diffusion. The main focus is put on white matter (WM), since it is even possible to visualize main WM pathways thanks to particular techniques that go under the name of tractography. Nevertheless, DWI has been successfully adopted to probe grey matter (GM), as well as other non-brain tissues, like skeletal muscles, peripheral nervous system, myocardium or kidneys. Alessandro Arrigo1*, Alessandro Calamuneri1 and Enricomaria Mormina1 1Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Italy *Corresponding author: Alessandro Arrigo, University of Messina, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, Via Consolare Valeria, 1 Messina, 98125, Italy, Email: alessandro.arrigo@hotmail.com
Learning Group Formation Based on Learner Profile and Context

An important but often neglected aspect in Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) is the formation of learning groups. Until recently, most support for group formation was based on learner profile information. In addition, the perspective of ubiquitous computing and ambient intelligence allows for a wider perspective on group formation, broadening the range of addressed features to include learner context information.