Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Coital Behaviour in Women Treated with Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for Superficial Coital Pain and Vaginismus

The purpose of the present study was to investigate long-term coital behaviour in women treated with cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for superficial coital pain and vaginismus. Data were taken from a questionnaire concerning long-term coital behaviour sent to 59 women who presented to Linköping University Hospital because of superficial coital pain, had been diagnosed with vaginismus, and had been treated with CBT. Data were also traced from therapy records: mean follow-up time was 39 months, the women had suffered for an average of almost 4 years, and required a mean of 14 treatment sessions. Forty-four of the 59 women returned the questionnaire, for a response rate of 74.6%. At follow-up, 81% of the treated women had had intercourse. A majority (61%) rated their ability to have intercourse without pain as 6 or higher (on a scale from 0–10), and 61% rated their ability to enjoy intercourse as 6 or higher (on a scale from 0–10). The proportion of women with positive treatment outcome at follow-up ranged from 81% (able to have intercourse) to 6% (able to have pain-free intercourse). An ability to have intercourse at end of therapy was maintained at follow-up. Two-thirds of the women reported high fulfilment of individual treatment goals. At follow-up, the women estimated a significantly higher self-worth as sex partners, and as women and human beings, than before treatment. Twelve per cent of the original sample had healed after a few assessment sessions and without treatment.
CAREGIVER BURDEN IN RECENT-ONSET SCHIZOPHRENIA AND SPECTRUM DISORDERS: THE INFLUENCE OF SYMPTOMS AND PERSONALITY TRAITS

Earlier studies that used two symptom dimensions indicate that the caregiver burden for patients with schizophrenia is significantly determined by their negative symptoms. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between symptom severity in recent-onset schizophrenia and caregiver burden in a more differentiated way (i.e., five-symptom dimensions). Based on previous research, which shows that patients’ personality traits influence the course of schizophrenia, we theorize that personality traits could also influence caregiver burden. So far, this hypothesis has never been studied. Therefore, the second purpose of this study is to examine whether patients’ personality traits would contribute to caregiver burden. The results of this study showed that the disorganization symptom component was the predicting variable of the subscales supervision, tension, urging, distress, and the overall amount of caregiver burden in a linear regression analysis. Personality traits of patients played no substantial role in caregiver burden. These findings suggest that psychoeducational programs should address the severity of disorganization symptoms to reduce caregiver burden in the early phase of schizophrenia.
Preventing sexual risk behaviors among gay, lesbian, and bisexual adolescents: the benefits of gay-sensitive HIV instruction in schools.

OBJECTIVES This study compared sexual risk behaviors of gay, lesbian, and bisexual (GLB) and heterosexual adolescents and evaluated associations between gay-sensitive HIV instruction and risk behaviors of GLB youths. METHODS A random sample of high school students and HIV education teachers completed surveys. Self-reported risk behaviors of heterosexual and GLB adolescents were compared, with control for student and community demographic characteristics. Sexual risk behaviors of GLB youths in schools with and without gay-sensitive instruction were compared. RESULTS GLB youths reported more substance use, high-risk sexual behaviors, suicidal thoughts or attempts, and personal safety issues than did heterosexual youths (P < .001). Among those who were sexually active, GLB youths reported more lifetime and recent sexual partners than did heterosexuals (P < .001), and more of them reported alcohol use before last sex (P < .01) and a history of pregnancy (P < .001). GLB youths in schools with gay-sensitive instruction reported fewer sexual partners, less recent sex, and less substance use before last sex than did GLB youths in other schools (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The findings document increased risk behaviors among GLB youths and demonstrate the potential benefits of providing gay-sensitive HIV instruction in schools.
Career satisfaction and clinician-educators

A growing n u m b e r of genera l t s t phys i c i ans t each s tu den t s mid res iden t s in the i r offices, clinics, and hospitals. 1,: These c l in ic ian e d u c a t o r s p lay a vi ta l role in o u r inc reas ing ly decen t ra l i zed e d u c a t i o n a l sys tem. To r ec ru i t and re t a in c l i n i c i an -educa to r s and e n s u r e h igh-qua l i ty t ra ining, med ica l cen te r s m u s t max imize c l in ic ians ' sa t t s fac t ion with t e ach ing and u n d e r s t a n d how t each ing a f fects the i r overal l Job and ca ree r sa t i s fac t ion . The a i m s of th i s ar t ic le are to (l) d i s c u s s phys ic ians ' Job sat isfact ion,
Metaphorical Internet Terms in English and French

This paper examines metaphorical terms that are used in the domain of the Internet. We begin by identifying the principal conceptual and structural characteristics of metaphorical terms in English. Next, we identify the various strategies currently being used to render these terms in French. Finally, we examine a variety of linguistic and extra-linguistic factors that complicate this rendering.
Understanding breathlessness: cross-sectional comparison of symptom burden and palliative care needs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cancer.

BACKGROUND Little is known about symptom burden and palliative care needs of breathless patients with advanced cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). OBJECTIVES We aimed to describe and compare symptoms and needs in these two groups in relation to survival. METHODS Cross-sectional study of breathless patients with COPD III/IV or advanced cancer. Data were collected in an interview using the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale short form (MSAS-SF), the modified Borg Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Palliative Care Outcome Scale (POS). Follow-up information was collected on survival. RESULTS Forty-nine patients with cancer and 60 patients with COPD were recruited. Both groups had similar demographics and a similar high symptom burden: median number of 14 symptoms; most prevalent symptoms in both groups besides breathlessness were drowsiness, lack of energy, cough; median global symptom distress on MSAS-Global Distress Index MSAS-GDI 1.6 in cancer and 1.4 in COPD. HADS depression scores were higher than HADS anxiety scores. Palliative care needs were also similar in both groups. Median survival was 107 days in patients with cancer and 589 days in patients with COPD. CONCLUSIONS Symptom burden and palliative care needs of breathless patients with severe COPD are considerable and as high as among patients with advanced primary and secondary lung cancer although patients with COPD have a longer survival.
Binding of peptide substrates and inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme. Importance of the COOH-terminal dipeptide sequence.

Among three biologically active substrates of angiotensin-converting enzyme, enzyme-binding affinities increase and chloride ion rate enhancements decrease in the following order: angiotensin I (Asp-Arg-Val-TyrIle-His-Pro-Phe-His-Leu), bradykinin (Arg-Pro-ProGly-Phe-Ser-Pro-Phe-Arg), bradykinin-potentiating peptide 5, (<Glu-Lys-Trp-Ala-Pro). Qualitatively simil a r properties are observed among the much s impler tripeptide substrates, Hip-His-Leu, Hip-Phe-Arg, and Hip-Ala-Fro, that have the same COOH-terminal dipeptides as the larger substrates. The same order of enzyme-binding affinities is also found with competitive dipeptide inhibitors, His-Leu, Phe-Arg, and Ala-Pro. Such results suggest that selective binding of the COOH-terminal dipeptide residue is an impor tan t dete rminant of both the substrate specificity of angiotensin-converting enzyme and the degree of rate stimulation by chloride ion, and that the nature of this selective binding can be further clarified by studying competitive inhibition b y dipeptides of vary ing structure. NH2-terminal glycyl dipeptides v a r y 300-fold in inhibitory potency, those with tryptophan, tyrosine, or proline being the most inhibitory. COOH-terminal glycyl dipeptides vary only 16-fold in inhibitory activity, with valine, isoleucine, and arginine as the most effective NHz-terminal residues. The most potent dipeptide tested, Val-Trp (& = 0.3 pM), was 10,000 t imes more inhibitory than the weakest inhibitor Pro-Gly, suggesting that angiotensin-converting enzyme is highly specific with regard to the terminal dipeptide residues of peptide substrates or competitive inhibitors. Inhibitory potencies of dipeptides also correlate with the inhibitory potencies of structurally analogous, but nonpeptidic, mercaptopropanoyl amino acids related to the antihypertensive drug captopril (SQ 14,225), as predicted from a hypothetical model of the active site of angiotensin-converting enzyme.
A Microhistory of Human and Gastropod Bodies and Souls During Cahokia's Emergence

This article examines the role of mortuary practice in the emergence (c. ad 1050–1100) of Cahokia, the largest pre-Columbian Native American city north of Mexico. The parallel partitioning of human and gastropod bodies in ridge-top mortuary mounds is examined and I argue that the presence of gastropods buried alongside human bodies served to connect the living world of humans with the watery underworld of the dead. From a microhistorical perspective, this paper focuses on the processing and deposition of bodies and their subsequent interment in ridge-top burials to parse the potential relationships between such mortuary practice and Cahokia's emergence as a complex polity. The paper presents data on the association of shell materials with human bodies from six previously excavated ridge-tops for comparison with new data on shell materials and human burials from Wilson Mound, a small ridge-top located on the western edge of Cahokia. Together, these data suggest the emergence of Cahokia was embedded in newly articulated relationships with persons enacted through the process of disarticulating the dead for burial mediated with mollusc shell.
Histochemical and chemical studies of the autonomic innervation of the ovary.

The adrenergic innervation of ovaries of humans, cats and monkeys was studied by a histochemical fluorescence method. Catecholamine-containing nerves were observed in close proximity to blood vessels and within the stromal fibromuscular tissue. The cat ovary contained a dense number of adrenergic nerves. A moderate innervation was seen in the human and fewer nerves in the monkey. Chemical determinations of norepinephrine in the ovaries were consistent with the histochemical observations of the density of catecholamine-containing nerve fibers. Cholinergic nerves were studied by a histochemical method for acetylcholinesterase. Comparatively fewer cholinergic nerves were observed in the ovaries. It is suggested that the adrenergic innervation to the ovary has an influence on ovulation. (Endocrinology 81: 1132, 1967)
Infradian Rhythmicity in Sleep/Wake Ratio in Developing Infants

Although there are several reports on ultradian and circadian rhythms in newborns, we found only one report in which infradian periodicities are described for heart-rate measurements in the early stages of human development. Here, we report infradian rhythms in the monthly range in the sleep/wake cycle of four infants studied along 24 consecutive weeks. Our procedure was applied to sleep diary records from four healthy newborns. The data were arranged in binary time series representing sleep (−1) or wake (1) states. These time series were integrated in order to obtain the cumulative sleep/wake time. A measure of the sleep/wake ratio (SWR) was obtained by computing the average slope of the cumulative sleep/wake time. To extract periodicities we applied the Fourier periodogram to the temporal course of the SWR. We found a notorious difference in the SWR pattern among infants. In two infants the SWR showed a marked linear decay, spending more time asleep than awake, while in the two other infants oscillated near zero. We found robust oscillations in all children. In all cases the Fourier periodogram results present significant power in the infradian range. From these results, we suggest that sleep and wake durations are probably modulated by some internal stimuli.
Forelimb to Hindlimb Shape Covariance in Extant Hominoids and Fossil Hominins

Researchers often attempt to use limb proportions to ascertain the locomotor repertoires of fossil hominins. This can be problematic as there are few skeletons in the fossil record that preserve both a full forelimb and hindlimb; therefore, estimates of full limb lengths are typically associated with substantial error. In this study, two‐block partial least squares analyses were used to examine covariation between forelimb and hindlimb elements in extant hominoids and fossil hominins. This has the benefit of including both forelimb and hindlimb in a type of functional analysis without necessitating an accurate length estimate. There is a high degree of covariation between forelimb and hindlimb segments in the mixed species sample, particularly in the proximal ulna, distal humerus, and proximal/distal femur and that shape covariation is significantly correlated with intermembral indices in the extant taxa. Overall, the fossil hominins most closely resembled modern humans with the exception of analyses utilizing the distal femur where some occupied a unique morphological position; thus, some fossil hominins likely possessed locomotor capabilities similar to modern humans, whereas others likely represent a unique morphological compromise between terrestrial bipedality and other positional behaviors not present among extant hominoids. Anat Rec, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prospective evaluation of PBC‐specific health‐related quality of life questionnaires in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis

Primary biliary cirrhosis and Primary sclerosing cholangitis are autoimmune cholestatic liver diseases sharing a lot in common, including a significant impairment of patients’ health‐related quality of life HRQoL HRQoL in PBC is assessed with disease‐specific PBC‐40 and PBC‐27 questionnaires. A PSC‐specific questionnaire has not been developed. Neither PBC‐40 nor PBC‐27s applicability for PSC has been evaluated. We applied these three questionnaires for HRQoL assessment in a large homogenous cohort of PSC patients.
Protein restriction during fetal and neonatal development in the rat alters reproductive function and accelerates reproductive ageing in female progeny

Recent studies demonstrate long‐term programming of function of specific organ systems resulting from suboptimal environments during fetal life and development up to weaning. Nutrient restriction during pregnancy and lactation impairs overall fetal growth and development. We determined the effects of maternal protein restriction (MPR; 50% normal protein intake) during fetal development and/or lactation in rats on the function and ageing of the reproductive system of female progeny. Rats were fed either a control 20% casein diet (C) or a restricted diet (R) of 10% casein during pregnancy. After delivery mothers received either C or R diet until weaning to provide four groups, CC, RR, CR and RC. We report data on female offspring only. After weaning pups were fed the C diet. MPR increased maternal progesterone, corticosterone, oestradiol and testosterone concentrations at 19 days gestation. Reproductive and somatic phenotype was altered as pup birth weight was decreased, and ano‐genital distance was increased by MPR. Pup corticosterone was decreased at 2 days postnatal (PN) life. Vaginal opening and timing of the first oestrus were delayed in RR and CR and these differences were not related to body weight. At 21 days PN oestradiol in RR and CR and progesterone in RR were reduced; at 70 days PN luteinizing hormone (LH) in all restricted groups was reduced in dioestrus while follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) was unchanged. Cycle length increased between 140 days and 1 year in RR and CR but remained unchanged in CC, providing evidence of premature ageing of reproductive function. Fertility rates declined over the same period in the three experimental groups but not CC. MPR in one of the two experimental periods, either pregnancy or lactation, resulted in decreased pup survival compared with CC and RR. These data show that MPR results in delayed sexual maturation and premature ageing of reproductive function.
Antral computerized tomography pre-operative evaluation: relationship between mucosal thickening and maxillary sinus function.

OBJECTIVES to assess the correlation between maxillary sinus inferior mucosal thickening and sinus outflow obstruction. MATERIAL AND METHODS the study included 280 computerized tomography (CT) scans (560 maxillary sinuses). CT aimed to assess sinusitis; trauma to the face and intubated patients were excluded. Mucosal thickening was graded as < 5 mm (1), < 10 mm (2), < 15 mm (3), < 20 mm (4) and > 20 mm (5), and classified by appearance as normal, rounded, circumferential, irregular, or complete. Maxillary sinus outflow was classified as patent or obstructed. RESULTS mucosal thickening was found in 36.1% of the maxillary sinuses, graded as 31.2% (1), 34.2% (2), 12.9% (3), 5.4% (4) and 16.3% (5), and classified as rounded (11.8%), irregular (10.4%), circumferential (8.8%) and complete (5.2%). Sinus outflow was obstructed in 15% of the scans. Mucosal thickening of < 5 mm (11.1%), < 10 mm (36.2%) and > 10 mm (74.3%) was associated with sinus obstruction (P<0.0001). Rounded (6.1%), circumferential (55.2%), irregular (38.8%) and complete (100%) mucosal appearances were associated with sinus obstruction (P<0.001). When statistically combined, a substantial risk for sinus obstruction was observed with irregular mucosal appearance of > 5 mm (56.5% for grade 2 up to 82.6% for grades 3-5) and circumferential appearance (21.4% for grade 1 up to 100% for grades 3-5). A low risk for obstruction was found with the rounded appearance (mean 6.1%). CONCLUSIONS irregular (> 5 mm), circumferential and complete mucosal appearance are associated with an increased risk for sinus outflow obstruction and an ENT consultation is recommended. A rounded mucosal appearance of any grade is associated with a low risk for sinus obstruction. Routine CT scans, including the maxillary sinus ostium, are recommended.
Chemical basis for enzyme catalysis.

Some half-century ago Pauling ( 1, 2) proposed that the lowering of the activation energy in enzyme catalysis stems from the enzyme’s affinity for the transition state exceeding it’s affinity for the substrate. This proposal has great popular appeal and has served as the basis for the design of transition state based inhibitors and for inducing catalytic activity in various molecular templates ( 3-5). Recent investigations, however, have brought into focus the contributions of thermal motions and ground state conformers associated with the Michaelis complex to the rate of enzymatic reactions ( 6, 7). A description and analysis of the enzyme -substrate complex characteristics are a focus of this review. The pseudothermodynamic cycle of Scheme 1 has been used to calculate the equilibrium constants (1/ KTS) for binding of various transition states by their respective enzymes. This simple cycle is subject to overinterpretation. The numerical value calculated forKTS [)(knonKm)/kcat] is one measure of the efficiency of catalysis and, therefore, is dependent on all factors in the enzymatic and nonenzymatic reactions. For instance, in the comparison of the difference of the free energy of interaction between E and S versus E and TS, one must take into account differences in the free energy of interaction of the solvent environment with S and TS in the presence and absence of E ( 7). Wolfenden observed that the ratios of kcat/knon, for a series of enzymatic reactions, are determined primarily by knon and that values ofkcat reside in a rather narrow range (Figure 1) (3). That the narrow range of log kcat values does not correlate
Mitogen and Stress Activated Kinases Act Co-operatively with CREB during the Induction of Human Cytomegalovirus Immediate-Early Gene Expression from Latency

The devastating clinical consequences associated with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection and reactivation underscores the importance of understanding triggers of HCMV reactivation in dendritic cells (DC). Here we show that ERK-mediated reactivation is dependent on the mitogen and stress activated kinase (MSK) family. Furthermore, this MSK mediated response is dependent on CREB binding to the viral major immediate early promoter (MIEP). Specifically, CREB binding to the MIEP provides the target for MSK recruitment. Importantly, MSK mediated phosphorylation of histone H3 is required to promote histone de-methylation and the subsequent exit of HCMV from latency. Taken together, these data suggest that CREB binding to the MIEP is necessary for the recruitment of the kinase activity of MSKs to initiate the chromatin remodelling at the MIEP required for reactivation. Thus the importance of CREB during HCMV reactivation is to promote chromatin modifications conducive for viral gene expression as well as acting as a classical transcription factor. Clearly, specific inhibition of this interaction between CREB and MSKs could provide a strategy for therapeutic intervention.