Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Nasopharyngeal Airway to Facilitate Nasotracheal Intubation

Background and Aims: Nasotracheal intubation is the most common method of airway management in oral and maxillofacial surgery patients. However, many times, it is associated with bleeding resulting from trauma to nasopharyngeal mucosa. We conducted this study to determine the effectiveness of nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) to easily facilitate the nasopharyngeal insertion and to reduce the trauma during nasotracheal intubation. Methods: A total of 120 patients scheduled for elective oral and maxillofacial surgery requiring nasotracheal intubation were randomly divided into two groups of 60 each, after preparation with xylometazoline drops intranasally, lubrication with lignocaine jelly, and thermosoftening of the tip of the endotracheal tube (ETT). In group NPA, dilatation of the nasal cavity was done with NPA before nasotracheal intubation and in Group C, nasotracheal intubation was done without dilatation of the nasal cavity. The smoothness of insertion of ETT was graded on a 4-point rating scale. Assessment of bleeding into nasopharynx was confirmed during laryngoscopy and was also graded with 4-point scale. Results: In the NPA group, all the 60 (100%) patients had smooth or relatively smooth (Grade 0 or 1) insertion compared to 51 (85%) patients in the control group (P < 0.0001). Eighteen (30%) patients had mild (Grade 1) bleeding and one (1.67%) patient had moderate bleeding (Grade 2) in the control group, whereas only four (6.67%) patients in the NPA group had mild (Grade 1) bleeding (P = 0.0005). Conclusion: Dilatation of nasal cavity with NPA significantly eases the insertion of ETT into the nasopharynx and also significantly decreases the incidence and severity of trauma and bleeding during nasotracheal intubation.
Indian Society for Study of Pain, Cancer Pain Special Interest Group Guidelines on Pharmacological Management of Cancer Pain (Part II)

The Indian Society for Study of Pain (ISSP), Cancer Pain Special Interest Group (SIG) guidelines on pharmacological management of cancer pain in adults provide a structured, stepwise approach, which will help to improve the management of cancer pain and to provide the patients with a minimally acceptable quality of life. The guidelines have been developed based on the available literature and evidence, to suit the needs, patient population, and situations in India. A questionnaire, based on the key elements of each sub draft addressing certain inconclusive areas where evidence was lacking, was made available on the ISSP website and circulated by e-mail to all the ISSP and Indian Association of Palliative Care members. We recommend that analgesics for cancer pain management should follow the World Health Organization 3-step analgesic ladder appropriate for the severity of pain. The use of paracetamol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs alone or in combination with opioids for mild-to-moderate pain should be used. For mild-to-moderate pain, weak opioids such as tramadol, tapentadol, and codeine can be given in combination with nonopioid analgesics. We recommend morphine as the opioid of the first choice for moderate-to-severe cancer pain. Sustained-release formulations can be started 12 hourly, once the effective 24 h dose with immediate-release morphine is established. Opioid switch or rotation should be considered if there is inadequate analgesia or intolerable side effects. For opioid-induced respiratory depression, μ receptor antagonists (e.g. naloxone) must be used promptly. Antidepressants and/or anticonvulsants should be used to treat neuropathic cancer pain, and the dose should be titrated according to the clinical response and side effects. External beam radiotherapy should be offered to all patients with painful metastatic bone pain. There is evidence on use of ketamine in cancer neuropathic pain, but with no beneficial effect, thus, it is not recommended.
Is there a difference in female sexuality in urban and rural areas: an Egyptian experience

Background There are known variations in social, cultural, demographic, and health characteristics across urban and rural residence areas that affect the sexual behavior and degree of sexual knowledge and beliefs between urban and rural couples. Objective The aim of our work was to compare female sexuality among urban and rural married women in a sample of Egyptian women. Patients and methods The study included 404 women, who were equally distributed regarding residence between rural and urban areas. All the women answered a self-report questionnaire including 25 questions, and other questions were added to suit the purpose of the study. Privacy was guaranteed for all the participants. Results No significant differences were observed in sexual activity between women living in urban areas and those living in rural areas. However, four statistically significant differences were observed. Urban women reported more initiation of coitus, preferred more man on top as a sexual position, more of them reported not having enough time for foreplay as a cause of inability to have orgasms, and more of them stated that the purpose of intercourse was having pleasure for them and their husbands. Conclusion Rural and urban communities in Egypt differ from each other in a few sexual aspects. A significantly high percentages of Egyptian women are still exposed to female genital cutting.
The Effect of different sports methods on the body composition of female college students with recessive obesity

Objectives: The objective of this study is to explore the effects of different exercise patterns on the body composition of female students with recessive obesity. Methods: According to the principle of knowledge and voluntariness, 136 female students who volunteered to participate in the investigation were selected as the research object. The IOI 353 analyzer was used to screen out 48 college students with invisibility obesity, which was averagely divided into the nonexercise group, the aerobic exercise group, the resistance training group, and the aerobic resistance group. The nonexercise group did not take any exercise, and the other groups performed 12 weeks of exercise. Before exercise, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks after the exercise, each body component was detected. Results: Compared with those before the intervention, the body fat percentage (BF%) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) of the aerobic exercise group, the resistance training group, and the aerobic resistance group were significantly decreased. In addition, the body mass index (BMI) of the aerobic exercise group was significantly decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). As compared to the control group, the BF% and WHR of the aerobic exercise group, the resistance training group, and the aerobic resistance group were better than that of the control group. Moreover, BMI in the aerobic exercise group was significantly better than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The exercise has obvious improvement effect on the body composition of the invisible obese female college student body, which can reduce the body fat rate and improve the morphology. The different modes of movement also have an influence on their body composition, and the exercise mode can be selected reasonably in combination with their own situation.
The terrestrial invertebrate fauna of the Svalbard archipelago in a changing world: history of research and challenges

Abstract The High Arctic represents a unique environment, an environment from where knowledge is limited and which is currently experiencing rapid change. The archipelago of Svalbard in the European High Arctic possesses a terrestrial and freshwater invertebrate fauna that is distinctive and diverse. However, the majority of studies concentrate on the fauna of the comparatively mild west coast. Very few investigations of the colder east coast exist. Furthermore, scientific investigations are relatively recent. Scientific records of the terrestrial invertebrate fauna begin in the mid-19th century with species inventories and community descriptions but experimental field-based studies and physiological investigations did not commence until the 1980s. Some 570 articles consider this fauna, 54% of which have appeared since 1990. There is hence a dramatic and rapid increase in our understanding, which is not only improving our comprehension of Arctic ecosystem functioning but also providing a baseline for environmental change studies. Due to a largely pristine environment, a political focus and relative ease of logistics, Svalbard is set to become a focus of such studies. This article considers the state of knowledge of the terrestrial and freshwater invertebrate fauna of Svalbard, current research, and discusses the threats to the distinctive communities. Résumé Le Haut-Arctique représente un environnement unique qui reste mal étudié et qui connaît actuellement des modifications rapides. L'archipel de Svalbard dans l'extrême Grand Nord européen possède des faunes d'invertébrés terrestres et aquatiques d'eau douce particulières et diversifiées. La plupart des études, cependant, s'intéressent à la faune de la côte occidentale dont le climat est relativement doux. Il existe très peu de travaux faits sur la côte orientale à climat plus froid. Ces travaux scientifiques sont aussi relativement récents. De plus, les études scientifiques de la faune invertébrée terrestre ont débuté au milieu du 19e siècle avec des inventaires d'espèces et des descriptions de communautés, mais les études expérimentales basées sur les travaux de terrain et les recherches physiologiques n'ont commencé que durant les années 1980. Il y a environ 570 articles qui traitent de cette faune, dont 54% ont paru depuis 1990. Il se produit donc un accroissement spectaculaire et rapide des connaissances qui est non seulement en train d'améliorer notre compréhension du fonctionnement des écosystèmes arctiques, mais qui fournit de plus les renseignements de base pour les études sur les changements environnementaux. À cause de son milieu en grande partie non altéré, de son intérêt politique et de la facilité relative de la logistique, Svalbard est destiné à devenir le point de convergence de telles études. Notre article traite de l’état des connaissances des faunes d'invertébrés terrestres et aquatiques d'eau douce de Svalbard, ainsi que des études courantes et il discute des menaces aux communautés particulières de l'archipel.
Enhancing the Orthognathic Surgery Experience: Treatment in 10 Weeks “Surgery First” Approach

This case report describes the successful treatment of a 25-year-old male with maxillary retrognathism, skeletal and dental Class III malocclusion, anterior and posterior crossbite, negative overjet and overbite, mild mandibular crowding, and lower midline deviation. The nonextraction treatment plan included: (1) maxillary and mandibular arch fixed appliance and (2) Le Fort 1 maxillary osteotomy and postsurgical orthodontic treatment. The orthodontic treatment was initiated with 0.022” preadjusted brackets bonded to all the teeth except the maxillary second molars, 2 days before the surgery without any archwires. Two weeks after the surgery, maxillary and mandibular arch alignment along with the occlusal adjustments was started with the use of 0.018” NiTi wires, in both arches. Optimum esthetic and functional results were achieved in 10 weeks after the surgery, with the cooperation of two specialties and the use of surgery first approach.
Correlation between body mass index with anterior crowding and enamel hypoplasia of sundanese children in Bandung

Background: Nutrition affects the growth of bones and teeth. Malnutrition can cause teeth to become irregular and undergo enamel hypoplasia (EH). To assess malnutrition, the body mass index (BMI) can be used. Objective: This study aims to analyze the correlation of BMI with anterior crowding and EH in Sundanese children aged 9–12 years. Method: This analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design was done in four public elementary schools in Bandung taken by random cluster sampling. The study subjects comprised 208 children, with 90 boys and 118 girls. Data analysis used correlation coefficients with the Kolmogorov–Smirnov normality test. Result: The probability value of the correlation between BMI and anterior crowding was 0.24, which meets the significance level (α <0.05). The probability value between the BMI and EH was 0.102, which is not significant (α >0.05). Conclusion: There is a correlation between BMI and anterior crowding, but there is no correlation between BMI and EH.
The incidence of odontoid fractures following trauma in a major trauma center, a retrospective study

Background: Cervical spine injury is the most common vertebral injury after major trauma, 20% of all cervical fractures happen to be odontoid fractures. In young adults, odontoid fracture usually happens as a result of high-energy trauma after a motor vehicle accident (MVA). MVA in Riyadh represents 38.4% of all trauma cases, in which the head-and-neck are the most injured body parts. This research aims to provide information about the incidence of odontoid process fracture post-MVA in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: The design of this study was retrospective. A single level one trauma center database (trauma registry) was used to identify odontoid fractures post-MVA. All trauma cases from 2008 to the most recent were included, a total of 17,047 patients, to identify cervical spine fractures and further identify odontoid fracture incidence. The patients' radiographs were reviewed retrospectively, and odontoid fractures were classified by a board-certified spine surgeon. A descriptive analysis was carried out to report basic data distribution. Pearson's correlation was carried out to assess associations. Results: A total number of cervical spine fracture was 1195 patients (6.6% of the total sample). The incidence of odontoid fractures during the entire study period from 2008 to 2018 was 42 of 480 patients with C2 cervical trauma, constituting 8.75% C2 fractures, and 3.5% of cervical spine fractures. The mean age was 41.75 ± 18 years. There were three patients (onemale, two females) with type I odontoid fracture, 26 (all males) with type II, and 13 (11 males, 2 females) with type III. Most patients were managed conservatively (83.33%), whereas 16.67% underwent surgical management. Conclusion: The incidence of posttraumatic odontoid fractures is low, given the younger population of this study. This does not predict future incidence rates with the continued improvement of road traffic laws and awareness in the population.
Pollination‐dependent female reproductive success in a self‐compatible outcrosser, Asphodelus aestivus Brot.

SUMMARY Experiments were carried out, during three years (1986-8), on a population of Asphodelus aestivus Brot. (Liliaceae) in n semi-arid environment, to test whether seed production of plants was limited by quantity and/or quality of pollen supply. The natural pollinator are mainly solitary bees. The fraction pf flower setting MM varied from 8 to 40% between years. Fruit set of plants caged to exclude inserts was less than 3%. Fruit set was increased by artificial pollination of flowers with their own pollen to 43-64%, This indicates that the plant is self-compatible, but due to the position of the anthers and stigma, insect visits are required for effective pollination. Cross-pollinated caged flowers set yet more fruits (59–82%) and much more (2-4 times) full seeds per fruit than self-pollinated flowers. The artificial addition of cross-pollen to flowers, in the natural environment, increased the moan number of full seeds per flower on the whole plant. Thus, natural reproduction was limited by insect pollination. A quantitative Biffed was indicated by a strong positive association between the number of pollen grains on a stigma and the probabilities of the flower maturing a fruit and of its ovules setting seeds. Furthermore, in 20-60% of [lowers in the population, stigma loads were less than 13 pollen grains, which indicated very low probability of fruit maturation. A qualitative response was shown by the positive effect of artificially added cross-pollen on the number of full vs. empty seeds, an effect similar to that of cross- vs. self-pollination in caged plants. The proportion of full seeds developing in a clone of Asphodelus in the natural population was inversely related to the proportion of inflorescences in its neighbourhood that belonged to the same clone, which suggests that fertility is limited by an excess of pollen from the same clone being supplied by insects. It is concluded that female reproductive success of Asphodelus aestivus in its natural environment depended on both the amount and origin of the pollen supplied by us pollinators.
Genotypic Differences in Selenium Accumulation in Rice Seedlings at Early Growth Stage and Analysis of Dominant Factors Influencing Selenium Content in Rice Seeds

ABSTRACT The paper deals with the selenium (Se) accumulation of different genotypes of rice (Oryza sativa Japonica) seedlings at early growth stage and its correlation with the Se content in grains in 151 rice varieties. A field trial showed the Se content in brown rice to range from 29 μg/kg to 103 μg/kg. The results from hydroponic culture with representative varieties of high-, moderate- and low-Se content showed that total Se values for the high-Se genotypes were markedly higher than those of the low-Se varieties. This was true of Se content of the whole plant, Se content of shoots, biomass of shoots, and rate of Se accumulation in shoots. There were, however, no significant differences in values for total Se in roots, rate of accumulation in roots, and biomass of roots between high- and low-Se groups. Selenium content in brown rice was positively correlated with the total Se of the whole plant, shoot, and biomass of shoots. We concluded that the total Se transported from roots to shoots was more important than other factors in Se accumulation and content in brown rice.
INTERACTIVE NATURAL IMAGE SEGMENTATION WITH REGRESSION BASED CLUSTERING ALGORITHM

: The scope of this paper is to segment an object from the natural image irrespective of its background. This paper presents a novel approach of region based segmentation with linear regression employed with it. The proposed approach separates foreground and background pixel values based on an interactive labeling from the user. Interactive based segmentation is of great importance in research since it provides more accurate results than the learning based segmentation algorithms. The proposed is applied on several images from the available standard databases and also the performance is assessed with regards to several existing approaches. Results show that the proposed approach is consuming very low time for processing.
CCTF-RQ FRAMEWORK: COMMAND AND CONTROL TRAFFIC FLOW WITH RESOURCE QUEUING IN CLOUD INFRASTRUCTURE

Cloud infrastructure interact with different components ensuring traffic free environment for both the simple and complex traffic and provide services to different type of vendors. Most previous studies conducted using prediction based resource management aim at providing resources to the user using statistical model that measure the traffic flow required for the future. However in practice it is not effective to provide appropriate resources using predictive analysis as it does not take into account the complex traffic pattern. In addition, prediction framework in cloud zone is much less compact for the business persons as it does not follow the dynamic flow generation part. Methods for controlling the traffic in cloud using virtualization based cloud data centers called as VMPlanner used the stepwise optimization approach. The approach, VMPlanner failed to incorporate certain level of links redundancy, where the communication latency was achieved during the data flow, but resulted in network failures. In this paper, a framework called Command and Control Traffic Flow with Resource Queuing (CCTF-RQ) is presented to facilitate business persons eventually with dynamic data flow in cloud zone. The framework, CCTF-RQ works well by obtaining the prior knowledge about the server and the client system on the cloud for easy analyze of flow correlations. The proposed framework, CCTF-RQ clusters the similar configuration of server and client systems on the cloud and significantly solves the complex traffic occurring on user communication patterns. Further, in cloud environment certain level of link redundancy may deteriorate the network. We address the problem by clustering exactly the similar command control traffic patterns in cloud zone followed by which the session gets established to access the network without any communication latency. An efficient algorithm called Banker’s Safety algorithm is developed to overcome the network failures during data flow. CCTF-RQ Framework on cloud zone is implemented with CloudSim in JAVA and experiment is conducted on the parametric factors such as Server response time, CPU utilization for correlation analysis, Mean Absolute Percentage Error
HB Watts [α74(EF3) OR α75(EF4)ASP→0]: A Shortened α Chain Variant Due to the Deletion of Three Nucleotides in Exon 2 of the α2-Globin Gene

We have identified a new, slightly unstable α chain hemoglobin variant, present in a Mexican-American family. Amino acid sequencing and mass spectral analysis of the aberrant peptide (αT-9) of the variant revealed that the aspartic acid is deleted either at position 74 or 75 of one of the α-globin chains. Sequencing of the amplified α2- or α1-globin genes revealed a trinucleotide deletion (GAC) at codon 74 or 74 of the α2 gene. Although the aspartic acid residues of 74 and 75 of the α chain are neither a heme nor an inter chain contact, the slight instability of Hb Watts may be due to disturbance of the central cavity of hemoglobin by the deletion of an aspartic acid residue in the EF helix. Hb Watts is the first example of a trinucleotide deletion in the α2-globin gene.
Diagnostic Utility of LEF1 Immunohistochemistry in Differentiating Deep Penetrating Nevi From Histologic Mimics

Deep penetrating nevi (DPNs) are intermediate grade lesions which have the capacity to recur, metastasize, or progress to melanoma. Differentiating DPN from other melanocytic lesions including blue and cellular blue nevi can be diagnostically challenging, and markers to distinguish these entities can be useful. Mutations of the β-catenin and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways have recently been elucidated as distinctive of DPN. This pathway can subsequently activate lymphoid enhancer–binding factor 1 (LEF1), a transcription factor shown to facilitate the epithelial-mesenchymal transition to propagate tumorigenesis. Seventy-two cases in total were examined on hematoxylin and eosin sections and with β-catenin and LEF1 immunohistochemistry. This included: DPN (14), cellular blue nevi (19), blue nevi (15), congenital melanocytic nevi (12), and melanoma (12). Nuclear expression of LEF1, present throughout the entire depth of the lesion, was noted in 13/14 (93%) of DPN, 0/19 (0%) of cellular blue nevi, 0/15 (0%) of blue nevi, 1/12 (8%) of congenital melanocytic nevi, and 9/12 (75%) of melanoma cases. Nuclear expression of β-catenin, present throughout the entire depth of the lesion, was noted in 14/14 (100%) of DPN, 0/18 (0%) of cellular blue nevi, 0/15 (0%) of blue nevi, 1/12 (8%) of congenital melanocytic nevi, and 1/12 (8%) of melanoma cases. A majority of congenital melanocytic nevi demonstrated a gradient of LEF1 and β-catenin expression with more intense staining superficially and loss of staining with increasing depth. Deep, uniform nuclear LEF1 combined with β-catenin immunohistochemical staining can be useful in distinguishing DPN from histologic mimics.