Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intensive care for patients with CNS disease

The aim of thrombolysis is to restore blood flow and to reperfuse ischemic brain territory as soon as possible after the cerebral vessel has been occluded. Thrombolytic drugs are either applied locally (local or intra-arterial thrombolysis) or intravenously (systemic thrombolysis). The data of five randomized placebocontrolled trials on systemic thrombolysis became available in 1995 and 1996. Three of them used streptokinase (1-3) and included patients with acute hemispheric stroke. These studies were stopped because of an excess of early deaths and intracerebral hemorrhage in the groups receiving streptokinase (Table 1). Concomitant aspirin therapy (3) and delay of more than three hours from symptom onset (2) were identified to predict early complications of thrombolytic therapy. Two multicenter studies used recombinant tissue Plasminogen Activator (rt-PA), the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS 1, 4) and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study (NINDS Stroke Study, 5). The main differences between these two trials were
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution of the Cytochrome b Gene in the Cyprinid Genus Lythrurus (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes)

Cytochrome b (cyt b) sequences for eight species of the North American cyprinid genus Lythrurus and two outgroups were analyzed phylogenetically. Species of Lythrurus differed by an average of 10.3% in cyt b nucleotide sequence and exhibited a transition to transversion ratio of 5.44 in pairwise comparisons. Maximum-parsimony and maximum-likelihood analyses support a sister-group relationship between a clade comprised of (L. umbratilis (L. ardens, L. lirus)) and a clade comprised of (L. snelsoni (L. bellus (L. atrapiculus (L. fumeus, L. roseipinnis)))). The phylogeny derived from cyt b sequences has similarities to hypotheses based on morphological evidence but differs substantially in relationships of L. fimeus. The phylogeny indicates a biogeographic scenario that differs from those previously inferred for Lythrurus by suggesting an ancestral divergence between clades that currently occupy largely "northern" and "southern" geographic distributions in the central and southeastern United States. The Ouachita Mountain shiner (L. snelsoni) is sister to species of Lythrurus that now inhabit the Gulf Coastal Plain. This is consistent with earlier hypotheses that Ouachita Highland fauna are at least partially comprised of Gulf Coastal Plain derivatives.
Invited comment

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Effects of potassium stress on allelopathic potential of rice(Oryza sativa L.)

In order to explore the changing mechanism of rice allelopathic potential under potassium deficiency,allelopathic rice PI312777 and non-allelopathic rice Lemont were employed as donor plants and the morphological and physiobiochemical characteristics of receiver plant branyardgrass(Echinochloa crus galli)mediated by the two donor plants were investigated under low potassium stress(5 mg·L-1 K,denoted as K-)and normal potassium(40 mg·L-1 K,denoted as K+). The result showed that,under K-condition,the two rice accessions inhibited the growth of barnyardgrass to different extents.The inhibitory effect(IR,%)of allelopathic rice PI312777 on barnyardgrass was greatly higher than that of non-allelopathic rice Lemont,showing 56.19%(IR,the same below)VS 14.67% in the suppression of root length of barnyardgrass,35.78% VS 9.27% in plant height,and 46.24% VS 9.47% in dry weight.Under K-condition,the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT),and the root activity of barnyardgrass were descended at a higher rate when the target plants were co-cultured with allelopathic rice PI312777 than those with non-allelopathic rice Lemont.Furthermore,analysis of Real time Fluorescent Quantitative PCR(FQ-PCR)showed that,under K-condition,phenylalanine ammonia-lyase,cinnamate-4-hydroxylase,hydroxylase,and O-methyltransferases,which are the key enzymes in phenolic metabolic pathway,were all up-regulated in root and leaves of allelopathic rice PI312777.But all these enzymes were down-regulated in non-allelopathic rice Lemont except phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in leave.HMG-CoA reductase,squalene synthase,monoterpenes cyclase,sesquiterpene cyclase,and diterpene cyclase,which are the key enzymes in isoprenoid metabolic pathway,performed the same expression pattern in roots of the two rice accessions,and it was also found that in leaves of non-allelopathic rice Lemont,HMG-CoA reductase was up-regulated and the other four enzyme genes were down-regulated.But in allelopathic rice PI312777,only squalene synthase showed down-regulated,the reverse was true in the other enzyme genes.The result from the analysis of phenolic acids in two rice root exudates by using HPLC showed that,the total amount of ten phenolic acids concerned in allelopathic rice PI312777 under K-condition,was 2.30 times as those as under the K+ condition.However it was only 0.91 times in non-allelopathic rice Lemont under the same condition.It is therefore suggested that enhancement of rice allelopathic potential in the suppression of the target weeds under K deficiency might be attributed to the up-regulation of the key enzymes involved in phenolic metabolism,which leaded to the activation of phenolic metabolism,and increased phenolic allelochemicals,consequently inhibited growth of barnyardgrass.
EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF BIOFERTILIZERS ON GROWTH AND EMERGENCE OF BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE)

In order to study the effects of some biological fertilizers on growth parameters of three barley cultivars, a factorial experiments with three replications were performed in pots (using natural field soil, pH=8) as completely randomized design at the Research Greenhouse of Fars Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad University. Three barley cultivars namely; Yousef, Nosrat and Reihan, and six different biological fertilizers: Phosphotidic Barvar 2, Barvar 3, Nitrokara, Nitroxin, Biophosphorus, EM and control (non-inoculated seeds) were used. The investigated traits, including morphological characters: percentage of emergence, shoot length, volume of seminal roots, and wet and dry weight. Results showed that the application of biological fertilizers had significant effects on all traits except for shoot length. The highest averages for these traits were obtained from Nosrat cultivar and the most effective biological fertilizers with respect to these traits were Barvar 2. It seems that, in practice, biological fertilizers have the required potential to replace the chemical (synthetic) fertilizers.
Morphological and anatomical characteristics along with nutrient content changes during flower bud differentiation in Oncidium

The flower bud differentiation process of Oncidium 'Milliongolds' was studied using the paraffin cut method with changes of soluble sugar,soluble protein,and nucleic acid contents in leaves being determined.Results showed that the flower budding process could be divided into six differentiation phases:undifferentiated,inflorescence primordium,flower primordium,sepal primordium,petal primordium,and column and pollinia.Also,in leaves,soluble sugar decreased sharply till reaching a minimum at the flower bud differentiation period followed by a stable increase;soluble protein decreased sharply and then increased;maximum protein content occurred in the new bud sprouting period;and nucleic acid content declined overall.
A Comparison of Metabolic Thermogenesis and Digestive Tract Morphology between Bramblings and Tree Sparrows

In order to study the difference of metabolic thermogenesis and digestive tract morphology in Bramblings (Fringilla montifringilla) and Tree Sparrows( Passer montanus ), we measured the metabolic rate (MR), mitochondrial respiration of liver and muscle, the activity of cytochrome C oxidase of liver and muscle, and digestive tract morphology in Bramblings and Tree Sparrows. The results were as follows: ①The MR of Bramblings was 4^19±0^05 ml O-2/(g5h), 14% lower than that of Tree Sparrows[4^86±0^13 ml O-2/(g5h)]. ② Mitochondrial respiration in liver of Bramblings was 34^67±5^17 ng O/(min5mg protein) and that in muscle were 38^45±6^36 ng O/(min5mg protein), which was 65% and 37% of the value in Tree Sparrows. The activities of cytochrome C oxidase in liver mitochondria and muscle of Bramblings were 89^53±14^61 ng O/(min5mg protein) and 51^03±8^70 ng O/(min5mg protein),respectively, which were evidently lower than those of Tree Sparrows [146^43±21^76 ng O/(min5mg protein) and 97^84±20^63 ng O/(min5mg protein),respectively]. ③The lengths in total digestive tract and small intestine of Bramblings were 295^5±14^2 mm and 254^4±10^9 mm,respectively, which were 1^69 and 1 70 times of those in Tree Sparrows(174^6±6^7 mm and 149^4±3^5 mm, respectively). Bramblings and Tree Sparrows select different adaptive strategies to their environments because they face different selective stresses.
Observations on the life history of Pterodontia flavipes Gray (Diptera)

During the summer of 1915, while at Gypsum in northern Ohio, the writer found several peculiar dipterous larvaae under burlap bands which had been placed around the trunks of some apple trees. The adults reared from these proved to belong to the genus Pterodontia of the family Cyrtidae. From the literature at hand it was evident that little had been published concerning the habits of this interesting family. This stimulated further observation, the results of which are recorded in this paper. Later a more thorough study of the literature was made, particularly of those articles which deal with the life histories of the members of the family. These have been briefly summarized and are appended after each special topic.
Resistance to Rhopalosiphum padi (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Wheat Germplasm Accessions

Studies compared and characterized host plant resistance to Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) (bird cherry-oat aphid) among promising accessions of hexaploid wheat, Triticum aestivum L. Resistance was assessed for 7 wheat accessions. R. padi populations did not increase uniformly over time or by accession. After 7 d, accessions did not differ in numbers of R. padi, but by 11 d, MV4 had fewer R. padi per plant than other accessions except MV8 and Jubilejnaja 50. At 14 d, MV4 had fewer R. padi than other accessions except MV8; Jubilejnaja 50 had fewer aphids per plant than remaining accessions, but more than MV4 or MV8. R. padi nymphs developed more slowly on MV4 than other accessions, but plant accession did not affect the number of progeny that R. padi produced. The intrinsic rate of increase of R. padi was less on MV4 than on Ommid. R. padi produced a higher proportion of alatae on accession MV4, whereas they produced a lower percentage of alates on the accession Vista. In choice tests, distribution of alatae or apterae did not differ among wheat accessions. Low levels of antibiosis in MV4 may limit infestations of R. padi on wheat, and this may indirectly slow the spread of barley yellow dwarf virus and reduce the need for aphicide applications in wheat fields.
Genetic structure of populations of the Mediterranean mouflon (Ovis gmelini)

Genetic structure of a population of the Mediterranean mouflon ( Ovis gmelini ) in the Caroux-Espinouse Massif of southern France was investigated using six microsatellite loci. The population was subdivided into home-range groups of females that corresponded to sociospatial units. Males segregated from females outside rut, but they were faithful to the unit where they were born during rut. Both sexes were philopatric. A test for population differentiation and F -statistics was used to show that the sociospatial units corresponded to genetically differentiated units ( F ST = 0.043, P < 0.01). Pairwise comparisons between sociospatial units indicated that the amount of genetic differentiation coincided with their geographic distribution. Unexpectedly, no deficiencies in heterozygosity were found in the units. Lack of inbreeding is not well understood, but mechanisms of avoidance of incest and philopatry of the mouflon as a spatial attachment rather than a social attachment to relatives are discussed.
Bacterial Survival on Respirator Filters and Surgical Masks

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recently developed recommendations for respirators worn to minimize exposures to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These recommendations include criteria for filters and facial fit, but do not address how respirators are worn or disposed of. Handling may increase the risk of infection if loaded organisms remain viable. Respirator filters were challenged with aerosols containing three bacteria: Mycobacterium abscessus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Bacillus subtilis subsp. niger. Elution and surface contact sampling were used to recover organisms from filters after loading and following 5 days storage at 85% RH. Almost all filters showed culturable organisms immediately after loading. After storage, filters showed the least culturability for M. abscessus (20% of all filters) followed by S. epidermidis (61%), while B. subtilis remained highly culturable (98%). A slimilar trend was seen for the number of organisms recovered before and after storage (M abscessus demonstrated the least survival and B. subtilis the most).
Expression of penile neuronal nitric oxide synthase variants in the rat and mouse penile nerves

Abstract Penile erection is mediated by nitric oxide (NO) synthesized by the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). In the rat penis, the main nNOS mRNA variant, PnNOS, differs from cerebellar nNOS (CnNOS) by a 102 base pair insert encoding a 34-amino acid sequence. In the mouse, two nNOS mRNAs have been identified: nNOSα, encoding a 155-kDa protein, and an exon 2-deletion variant, nNOSß, encoding a 135-kDa protein that lacks a domain where a protein inhibitor of nNOS (PIN) binds. We wished to determine whether PnNOSα and β are expressed in the rat penis and are located in the nerves and whether the β form persists in the potent nNOS knock-out mouse (nNOS△△). A PnNOS antibody against the insert common to both PnNOSα and β detected the expected 155-kDa protein in PnNOSα-transfected cells. This antibody, and the one common to PnNOS/CnNOS, showed (on Western blots) the 155- and 135-kDa nNOS variants in rat penile tissue during development and aging. PnNOSα mRNA and its subvariants were found as the main nNOS in the penile corpora, the cavernosal nerve, and the pelvic ganglia, with lower levels of PnNOSβ mRNA. In tissue sections, PnNOS protein was immunodetected in the penile nerve endings in the rat and in the nNOS wild-type and nNOS△△ mice. An antibody against the sequence encoded by exon 2 did not react (on Western blots) with the 135-kDa band, which confirms that this protein is the β form. In conclusion, both PnNOSα and β are expressed in the rat penis at all ages and are located in the nerves. The β form may allow nitric oxide synthesis during erection to be partially insensitive to PIN. The residual expression of PnNOS, and possibly CnNOS, in the penis of the nNOS△△ mouse occurs through transcription of the β mRNA, and this may explain the retention of erectile function when the expression of nNOSα is disrupted.
Contribution to the Knowledge of New Basidiomycoteous Taxa from China

Five new taxa of Basidiomycota are previously undescribed from Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan of China. 1. Macowanites yunnanensis Zang (Russulaceae), the genus Macowanites Kalchbr. is a new record to China. 2. Crepidotus pinicola Zang(Crepidotaceae). 3. Boletellus serpentipileus Zang et Yuan (Strobilomycetaceae). 4. Xerocomus piceicola Zang et Yuan (Boletaceae). 5. Lycoperdon longistipum Zang et M. S. Yuan (Lycoperdaceae). The morphological differences, habitats and similarities of these new taxa are compared with closely related species. The holotypes are deposited in the Cryptogamic Herbarium, Kunming Institute of Botany (HKAS).
Molecular studies of liver disease in erythropoietic protopor phyria

Goals: The goal of this study was to define molecular determinants of liver di sease in erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP). Background: EPP is a genetic disord er in which deficient ferrochelatase activity causes excessive production of pro toporphyrin,which is excreted in bile. Some patients develop liver disease that necessitates transplantation. Study: Ferrochelatase gene analysis was done in 25 families with EPP to identify mutations and a polymorphism(IVS3-48c) that caus es low gene expression. Expression of multiple hepatic genes was also examined b y DNA microarray analysis in patients who had liver transplantation to identify genes with altered regulation.Results: Heterozygous ferrochelatase mutations wer e found in 43 individuals. In 94%of 31 symptomatic patients, 15 of whom had liv er disease, the polymorphism was also present in the nonmutant allele. Explanted liver of patients who had transplantation showed significant change in expressi on of several genes involved in wound healing, organic anion transport, and oxid ative stress. Conclusions: Patients with EPP who develop liver disease usually h ave amutation in one ferrochelatase allele that alters enzyme function, together with a polymorphism in the nonmutant allele that causes low gene expression. Th is results in significant increase in the hepatobiliary excretion of protoporphy rin, which can dam- age the liver through both cholestatic injury and oxidative stress.
Effects of Co-Inoculation on Wine-Quality Attributes of the High-Acid, Red Hybrid Variety Chambourcin

Simultaneous fermentation with yeast and malolactic bacteria has been reported to effectively increase wine production efficiency and microbiological stability and to improve flavor characteristics. In the present study, the results of co-inoculation (i.e., simultaneous inoculation of must with yeast and bacteria) were compared with those of traditional sequential fermentation (i.e., inoculation of bacteria after completion of the primary yeast fermentation) in the vinification of wine made from the red French-American hybrid variety Chambourcin. Although production length, ranging from the inoculation of the primary fermentation through the completion of malolactic fermentation, varied between the two treatments, yeast and bacterial populations, which were monitored and enumerated throughout fermentations, showed similar survival in both treatments. Alcohol concentration after malolactic fermentation was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in co-inoculated wines; however, this difference was negligible. No other statistically significant differences in wine chemistries were observed between the two treatments. Potentially perceptible differences in sensory characteristics of the wines were evaluated with a triangle difference test (n = 92). Consistent with the chemical analyses, sensory evaluation indicated no differences in sensory profiles between the wines produced by co-inoculation or sequential inoculation. The results of this study demonstrate that co-inoculation can be used as a technique for the vinification of high-acid red grape varieties, such as Chambourcin, without altering wine quality, while improving production efficiency.
Tetrodotoxin as a biological defense agent for puffers [Fugu niphobles, F. vermicularis vermicularis and F. pardalis]

The skin of toxic puffers (Fugu niphobles, F. vermicularis vermicularis and F. pardalis) was found to release 5-80MU of tetrodotoxin (TTX) per specimen when lightly stimulated by handling. The puffer did not release any more toxin when the handling stimuli were repeated 3-5 times at a 30 min-interval. Some of them, however, recovered to release TTX on handling stimulus when kept intact for two weeks. The cultured puffer (F. rubripes rubripes) specimens which were artificially toxified by feeding with toxic puffer livers, released TTX up to 540 MU on a single handling stimulus.From these and other results, it was strongly suggested that TTX acts as a biological defense agent in puffers.