Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Pre-Crisis and Post-Crisis Trust in Banks: Lessons from Transitional Countries

Trust in banks appears to be an essential element of well-functioning of macroeconomic systems, in general, and of financial markets, in particular. We study what factors determine the level of trust in banks before and after the 2007-08 financial crisis and how this crisis reshaped banking trust in 29 transitional countries. We find that younger, rural, educated, banked and generally trusting people tend to have higher confidence towards banks both in pre-crisis as well as post-crisis periods. Among country-level covariates, growth rate of GDP and Rule of Law remain positively and significantly associated with banking trust in both periods, while foreign bank participation starts to be detrimental to the trust after the crisis. In addition to ‘objective’ variables, we find that ‘subjective’ factors such as respondent’s personal experience with the crisis appear to strongly influence their trust in banks. Finally, after controlling for the “objective” variables, we find that the financial crisis has caused a decline in trust which is statistically significant but not dramatic or completely exceptional drop. Our findings indicate that the financial crisis has temporary impact on peoples’ trust in banks since pulling back the rate of GDP growth tends to fully recover banking trust in transitional countries.
The Effects of Security and Privacy Information on Trust & Trustworthiness and Loyalty in Online Marketing in Malaysia

The internet is a medium that is soaring in polarity in almost every facet of the world and is used for a myriad of reasons by individuals, governments, universities and businesses. As far as businesses are concerned, the internet has been subject to a variety of experimentations that seek to determine the viability of using the internet to improve business practices in various industries especially in computer industry in Malaysia. One particular aspect of business is that the internet marketing has a great impact on computer industry in Malaysia. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of security and privacy information on trust & trustworthiness and loyalty in online marketing. Data were gathered from 104 respondents who are the literate Malaysian and the foreigners in Malaysia that are able to read and write and hence capable of using internet and its facilities. The results showed that there is a significant correlation between trust & trustworthiness and security and privacy information. The results also revealed that there is a significant correlation between loyalty in online marketing and trust & trustworthiness.
Pharmacological effects of Nephrolepis exaltata L. (fern) aqueous extract on an insect-based model (Nauphoeta cinerea)

In this work we used semi-isolated heart of the cockroach Nauphoeta cinerea for the investigation of the pharmacological effects of extracts (aqueous, 1:1, 1:2, 1:4 and 1:8) from Nephrolepis exaltata L. leaves, a popular ornamental fern considered to be safe. The use of insects in experimental studies has grown due to the easy handling, proliferation/growing assuring its rapid obtention, and absence of ethical issues. An aqueous extract 0.2 % was obtained after maceration of 1 g N. exaltata leaves powder with 20 mL of distilled water (1:20). Diluted extracts in water were obtained to have the following proportion 1:1, 1:2, 1:4 and 1:8. Experiments (n=4) consisted of 200 μL addition onto semi-isolated heart preparation of N. cinerea with concomitant heart beating counting. Aqueous, 1:1 and 1:2 extracts paralyzed completely the heart beatings of cockroachs (p<0.05 compared to saline control), but not 1:4 or 1:8, which showed only a slight decline (p>0.05 compared to saline control). A preliminary thin layer chromatography showed the presence of unidentifi ed terpenoid in aqueous extract of N. exaltata. These pharmacological fi ndings of N. exaltata can be exploited for future use as insecticide or as dose-dependently cholinergic agent. Research Article Pharmacological effects of Nephrolepis exaltata L. (fern) aqueous extract on an insect-based model (Nauphoeta cinerea) Danrley Mariel Egidio Sanchez1, Jocimar de Souza2, Yoko Oshima-Franco2 and Sandro Rostelato-Ferreira1* 1Biological Sciences Course, Health Sciences Institute, Paulista University (UNIP), Sorocaba, SP, Brazil 2Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, SP, Brazil *Address for Correspondence: Sandro RostelatoFerreira, Biological Sciences Course, Health Sciences Institute, Paulista University (UNIP), Sorocaba, SP, Brazil, Email: sandrorostelato@yahoo.com. br Submitted: 16 March 2018 Approved: 26 March 2018 Published: 27 March 2018 Copyright: 2018 Sanchez DME, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
2VRP: a benchmark problem for small but rich VRPs

We consider a 2-vehicle routing problem (2VRP) which can be viewed as a building block for the variety of vehicle routing problems (VRP). As a simplified version of the 2VRP, we consider a 2-period balanced travelling salesman problem (2TSP) and describe a polynomially solvable case of this NP-hard problem. For the 2VRP with general settings, we suggest a framework based on the Held and Karp dynamic programming algorithm. Our algorithms based on this framework show an exceptionally good performance on the published test data. Our approach can be easily extended to a variety of constraints/attributes in the VRP, hence the wording "small but rich" in the title of our paper. We also introduce a new methodological approach: we use easy solvable special cases for generating test instances and then use these instances in computational experiments.
An evaluation of different microalgal diets for the culture of the Calanoid copepod Temora turbinata (Dana, 1849) in the laboratory.

Temora turbinata (Dana, 1849) e uma especie de copepodo planctonico exotico de ampla distribuicao no Nordeste brasileiro, com potencial para ser usado em testes ecotoxicologicos e como recurso de alimento vivo na aquicultura. Com o objetivo de determinar a melhor dieta para a manutencao dessa especie em laboratorio foi realizado um experimento no periodo de 8 dias. Foram avaliadas a sobrevivencia dos adultos, a taxa de producao diaria de ovos e a taxa de eclosao dos nauplios dessa especie. Copepodes adultos de Temora turbinata foram alimentados com tres dietas diferentes, duas monoalgais (Thalassiosira weissflogii (Grunow) Fryxell & Hasle e Tetraselmis chuii (Butcher)) e uma mista combinando as duas especies de microalgas. As dietas monoalgais e mista foram ofertadas aos copepodos na mesma proporcao de biomassa (1 mg C L-1 dia-1). Entre as tres dietas analisadas, o tratamento com T. weiisflogii foi considerado a melhor opcao por manter maiores taxas de producao de ovos e maiores porcentagens de sobrevivencia dos adultos de Temora turbinata. Apesar do maior recrutamento de nauplios nos organismos alimentados com T. chuii, esta microalga diminuiu a producao de ovos e a sobrevivencia dos adultos quando adicionada na dieta. Palavras chave: Copepodo exotico, sobrevivencia, taxa de producao diaria de ovos, taxa de eclosao de ovos, Thalassiosira weissflogii, Tetraselmis chuii.
An Implementation of a Secure System to Generate and Maintain Multi- Domain Password to Defend against Password Attacks

Password is a secret word or string of character that is used for user authentication to prove identity or for access approval to gain access to a resource. Basically, password is used in every interaction between user and information system. Unfortunately, with such a central role in security, passwords are prone to attacks. Password attack is a method of gaining unauthorized accessed to one's computer or to a personal account. This attack reduces the convenience of authorized users. Different types of methods and protocols are used to reduce such attacks and prevent user's data to be accessed from unauthorized users. On the other hand users also generally prefer common and easy passwords which are weak and make online guessing attacks much easier. The password guessing resistant protocol overcomes these online guessing attacks mainly brute force and dictionary attacks. This is achieved by limiting the number of attempts made during login. The goal is to provide convenient and secured login to the authorized users which is by blocking the IP address from which there are more number of failed login attempts. Enabling convenient login for authorized users while preventing attacks is a difficult problem. We proposes a new "Gold Code Sequence Generator" (GCSG), derived upon revisiting prior proposals designed to restrict such attacks. While GCSG generates new password every time whenever an authorized user log's in and password is stored in hash form instead of any row form.
Do forage legumes have a role in modern dairy farming systems

Intensification in New Zealand dairy farming systems has placed greater pressure on clover performance and fitness and has highlighted the need to develop clover culti vars that are better adapted to intensive grazing systems. Increased stocking rates and increased use of nitrogen fertiliser have put enormous pressure on the contribution of clover to modern dairy systems. Future innovations such as semi-hybrid cultivars offer the potential to improve the competitiveness of legumes with nitrogen-fertilised for age grasses. Similarly, advances in condensed tannin research suggest that significant animal performance gains can be achieved in conjunction with reduced environmental impact. In order to capture these benefits, dairy farmers will need to reassess their graz ing management to ensure that legumes can be maintained at economically useful levels. Novel grazing management systems that optimise the benefits provided by the grass and legume components need to be used in future dairy farming systems. Forage legumes, and especially white clover, have an important role to play in modern dairy systems.
Changes in lipid oxidation of reconstituted omega-3 plus milk powder treated by superheated steam

In this study the effect of superheated steam on the oxidative stability of reconstituted omega-3plus milk powder was studied. The changes in fatty acids, peroxide, acids, thiobarbutric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and p-anisidine values were measured to reconstitute omega-3 plus milk powder in relation to thermal treatment by using a superheated steam (SHS) with different temperatures and time periods. The temperature and time period ranged from 120-180 °C between 5-15 min. For applying the SHS treatment did not produce changes in SFA, MUFA and PUFA at 120-150 °C to 10-15 min as compared with the control. While, the proportion of PUFA and MUFA values were recorded differences on temperature 180 °C comparison with control. The result of POV showed no changes between the temperature 120-150 °C compared with control, but indicated significant differences at the temperature 180 °C with long time 15 min. Acids and p- anisdine values did not show any differences between temperature 120-180 °C for a short period of time 5 min compare with the control, but recorded significantly on long period of time 10-15 min compared with the control. The values of TBARS showed no significant differences in temperature 120-150 for 5 min compare with control. This study showed oxidative stability of milk fat supplied long chain unsaturated fatty acids treated by SHS on temperature range 120-150 at time 5-10 min with some affected by the high temperature 180 °C at 15 min can maintain the quality of fatty acid and milk fat.
Early individual growth of Eucryphia cordifolia and Laurelia sempervirens planted under different competition conditions in south-central Chile.

Few studies have focused on forest research in plantations with Chilean native species midtolerant to shade. Such species may use resources that intolerant species cannot, increasing the total site productivity. This study aimed to defi ne the factors that explain the growth of Eucryphia cordifolia Cav. and Laurelia sempervirens (Ruiz et Pavon) Tul. , two midtolerant species of southern Chile. We sought to determine the effect on these species of competition in mixed-species plantations. At the time of this study, the plantations were 4 to 22 years old. Two competition indices were analyzed for each species: the Growing Space Polygon (GSP) and the Canopy Overlap (CO). The GSP proved to be very useful in predicting the growth in the older plantations where E. cordifolia and L. sempervirens had their crowns below the main canopy, suggesting strong competition for water and nutrients (also called symmetric competition). In contrast, in young plantations (around 10 years old), growth was better explained by CO, suggesting that competition occurs mainly for light (also called asymmetric competition). Silvicultural techniques that could improve the growth of these species in mixed plantations were proposed, such as an earlier thinning entry to provide these species with more room for light, as dictated by their intermediate tolerance to shade. La investigacion forestal en Chile en plantaciones con especies nativas semitolerantes a la sombra ha sido marginal. Estas especies pueden aprovechar los recursos disponibles para estratos intermedios del bosque aumentando la productividad bruta del sitio. Este estudio tuvo por objetivo describir el crecimiento de Eucryphia cordifolia y Laurelia sempervirens , dos especies semitolerantes del bosque Valdiviano de Chile, en funcion de su competencia arborea en varias plantaciones mixtas y en un bosque adulto. La plantaciones evaluadas tuvieron entre 4 y 22 anos al momento de realizar este trabajo. Para cada especie y en cada lugar de estudio, se calcularon dos indices de competencia de arboles individuales: competencia de copas (CC) y area potencialmente aprovechable (APA). En plantaciones de mayor edad, en las que los individuos de E. cordifolia y L. sempervirens se encontraron bajo el dosel arboreo dominante, se noto una fuerte relacion entre el APA y el crecimiento, lo cual sugiere una fuerte competencia por agua y nutrientes, es decir competencia simetrica. Por el contrario, en los individuos mas jovenes (alrededor de 10 anos deedad), el crecimiento se vio mejor explicado por la competencia de copas, refl ejando competencia principalmente por luz, es decir competencia asimetrica. Se proponen algunas estrategias silviculturales, entre ellas, adelantar un primer raleo de modo de proporcionar a estas especies mas espacio para captacion de luz, considerando su condicion de especies semitolerantes a la sombra.
Designing and analyzing the structure of Tat-BoNT/A(1-448) fusion protein: An in silico approach

Clostridium botulinum type A (BoNT/A) produces a neurotoxin recently found to be useful as an injectable drug for the treatment of abnormal muscle contractions. The catalytic domain of this toxin which is responsible for the main toxin activity is a zinc metalloprotease that inhibits the release of neurotransmitter mediators in neuromuscular junctions. A cell penetrating cationic peptide, Tat, which is a truncated N-terminal part of the Tat protein from human immunodeficiency virus, can help the toxin penetrate the skin uninvasively. This study aimed at an in silico analyses of the Tat-BoNT/A(1-448) fusion protein structure. A genomic construct was designed and optimized based on E. coli codon usage. The structure of mRNA as well as the properties of hypothetical chimeric protein was then analyzed by bioinformatic tools. Afterwards, the secondary and tertiary structures of the fusion protein were predicted by GOR4 and I-TASSER online web servers. The interaction with synaptosomal associated protein 25kDa (SNAP-25) was also analyzed as a natural substrate for the toxin. Based on the studied secondary and tertiary structures of the protein, the selected order of fusion proteins provides the natural activity of each peptide. Energy calculating data show that the acquired thermodynamic ensemble related to the mRNA structure was-1473.2 kJ/mol (-352.10 kcal/mol) and both total protein energy (Etotal) and shape related energy(Eshape) were calculated as -2294.2kJ/mol (-548.32 kcal/mol). The stability index of TAT-BoNT/A was computed to be 27.22 which has an acceptable stability as compared to that of native BoNT/A (22.39).
Entrapment of the median nerve and the brachial artery by the lacertus fibrosus

The lacertus fibrosus is a lesser known cause of high median nerve compression along with the brachial artery. Considering the fact that anatomy literature hardly mentions the lacertus fibrosus, research reports are the only source of information for clinicians and surgeons. The present case report describes in detail the lacertus fibrosus pierced by the median nerve and the brachial artery and discusses its clinical implications, which may be important for clinicians diagnosing nerve entrapment and surgeons operating on the arm.
Productivity and Livelihood Analysis of Selected Areas of Libon, Albay, Philippines

The study was undertaken to assess the productive capacity of the proposed Organic Agriculture-Based Social Enterprise (OABSE) program areas and generate livelihood management options. The methodological approach used was the Sustainable Livelihoods Analysis (SLA) Framework to assess the productive and livelihood capacity of the agricultural communities of Ponso, Sagrada Familia, Villa Petrona, Nogpo and Libtong in Libon, Albay. The SLA framework assesses productive capacity in terms of access of the farming households to livelihood assets such as social capital, human capital, financial capital, natural capital and physical capital. Rice farming is the most dominant livelihood pre-occupation in these agricultural communities. Access to social capital is high among the communities. It may seem advantageous as it facilitates resource sharing among households but it is largely internal and manifests low access to external support systems. Productivity is constrained as physical access to markets and financial sources are limited. Given the limits in physical access, majority of the poor cannot access financial capital to support farm operations. While the natural capital is fairly abundant, human capital is not enough to optimally utilize the natural capital. Sustainability rating for most of the barangays is fair, indicating that the current production systems are vulnerable to shocks and stresses. Among the barangays, Ponso demonstrated the highest sustainability rating due to a relatively higher level of productivity and social enterprise support. Libtong, on the other hand, had the lowest sustainability rating. In general, the study revealed that productive capacities as manifested by access to livelihood assets are directly related to sustainability. Sustainability patterns may exhibit a stable trend when accesses to livelihood assets are ensured.
Detection of de novo β-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) Enzyme Activity in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in 4-methylumbelliferyl ß-D-glucoside Zymograms

This study was conducted to detect β-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) enzymes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). While no previous reports are available to describe β-glucosidases in tomato, maize (Zea mays L.) was used as a reference. Total plant proteins were isolated from different tomato organs (young seedlings, young leaves, old leaves, roots, green immature fruits, red mature fruits) and from maize etiolated seedlings. Furthermore, maize recombinant β-glucosidase 1 (rGlu1) was used. Soluble protein fractions were subjected to subsequent 35% and 65% ammonium sulfate precipitation. To detect potential enzymatic activities, gels (native and denaturing) were incubated with 4-methylumbelliferyl s-D-glucoside (4-MUGlc). Only tomato young leaf zymogram showed positive 4-MUGlc hydrolysis as compared to maize native and rGlu1. The herein described results suggest, for the first time, the presence of at least one β-glucosidase in tomato. Although no signs of 4-MUGlc hydrolysis could be resolved for other tomato tissues, further β-glucosidases are presumably present, however, they may utilize different untested substrates.
Lambert Distributional benchmarking in tax policy evaluations

Given an objective to exploit cross-sectional micro data to evaluate the distributional effects of tax policies over a time period, the practitioner of public economics will find that the relevant literature offers a wide variety of empirical approaches. For example, studies vary with respect to the definition of individual well-being and to what extent explicit benchmarking techniques are utilized to describe policy effects. The present paper shows how the concept of distributional benchmarking can be exploited to describe methodological options for the tax policy analyst. We present classifications of the various approaches which can be found in the literature for evaluations of individual taxation along these lines, and provide empirical illustrations and interpretations for the case of the personal income tax schedule of Norway for the period 2000–2010.
CRITICAL INFORMATION PROTECTION ON FPGAs THROUGH UNIQUE DEVICE SPECIFIC DIGITAL KEYS THESIS

Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are quickly gaining popularity in both military applications and commercial technologies due to their low cost and reconfigurable capabilities. With FPGAs being used for military and other sensitive applications, the threat of an adversary attacking these devices is an ever present danger. While having the ability to be reconfigured is helpful for development, it also poses the risk of its hardware design being cloned. Static random access memory (SRAM) FPGA’s are the most common type of FPGA used in industry. Every time an SRAM-FPGA is powered up, its configuration must be downloaded, to program the design on the device. If an adversary is able to obtain that configuration, they can clone possibly sensitive designs to other FPGAs. Cloning attacks must be prevented to ensure that the information stored on these devices remains secure. Protection against these types of attacks is especially pertinent within the Department of Defense, where FPGAs are being used in a variety of applications where cloning attacks could lead to critical designs being obtained by foreign governments. A technique that can be used to protect FPGAs from these types of attacks is known as Digital Fingerprinting. Digital Fingerprinting takes advantage of the manufacturing variability that naturally occurs in the integrated circuit fabrication process, monitoring unique responses in path delay. If another factor can be introduced making the FPGA’s operation dependent on more than the design specified within its configuration and response to external outputs, we can defend against cloning. This type