Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Processivity Factor, ORF59, Binds to Canonical and Linker Histones, and Its Carboxy Terminus Is Dispensable for Viral DNA Synthesis

Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is an oncogenic virus and the causative agent of potentially fatal malignancies. Lytic replication of KSHV is an essential part of the viral life cycle, allowing for virus dissemination within the infected host and shedding to infect naive hosts. ABSTRACT Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a human oncogenic virus and the causative agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma, multicentric Castleman’s disease, and primary effusion lymphoma. During lytic reactivation, there is a temporal cascade of viral gene expression that results in the production of new virions. One of the viral factors that is expressed during reactivation is open reading frame 59 (ORF59), the viral DNA polymerase processivity factor. ORF59 plays an essential role for DNA synthesis and is required for the nuclear localization of the viral DNA polymerase (ORF9) to the origin of lytic replication (oriLyt). In addition to its functions in viral DNA synthesis, ORF59 has been shown to interact with chromatin complexes, including histones and cellular methyltransferases. In this study, a series of KSHV BACmids containing 50-amino acid (aa) deletions within ORF59 were generated to determine the interaction domains between ORF59 and histones, as well as to assess the effects on replication fitness as a result of these interactions. These studies show that in the context of infection, ORF59 51 to 100 and 151 to 200 amino acids (aa) are required for interaction with histones, and ORF59 301 to 396 aa are not required for DNA synthesis. Since full-length ORF59 is known to localize to the nucleus, we performed an immunofluorescent assay (IFA) with the ORF59 deletion mutants and showed that all deletions are localized to the nucleus; this includes the ORF59 deletion without the previously identified nuclear localization signal (NLS). These studies further characterize ORF59 and demonstrate its essential role during lytic replication. IMPORTANCE Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is an oncogenic virus and the causative agent of potentially fatal malignancies. Lytic replication of KSHV is an essential part of the viral life cycle, allowing for virus dissemination within the infected host and shedding to infect naive hosts. Viral DNA synthesis is a critical step in the production of new infectious virions. One of the proteins that is vital to this process is open reading frame 59 (ORF59), the viral encoded polymerase processivity factor. Previous work has demonstrated that the function of ORF59 is closely connected to its association with other viral and cellular factors. The studies presented here extend that work to include the interaction between ORF59 and histones. This interaction offers an additional level of regulation of the chromatinized viral genome, ultimately influencing DNA synthesis and transcription dynamics.
Competition Indicator in Alfalfa Populations Following Recurrent Selection to Glyphosate Tolerance

The bad cide in adopting cide-tolerant alfalfa cultivar is the shift in weed communities with rise proportion of tolerant species. The main objective of the recent study was to trace competition indicator of alfalfa populations as affected by recurrent selection to glyphosate tolerance. Two cycles of recurrent selection for Glyphosate tolerance were imposed on each base population. Competition indicators following selection included plant characters and weed bioassay. In most studied populations, plant height decreased with the first cycle of selection to glyphosate tolerance by -8.991, -3.225, -1.240 and -0.426% in Siwa, Hasawi, C.U. F101 and Baladi1 populations, respectively. Except for, Sirivar population an increase by +6.740 % was accompanied with selection to glyphosate tolerance. On the other hand, by cycle two of selection, populations had different response relative to C1, where Baladi1, C.U. F101 and Sirivar populations had a decrease in plant height with values reached -1.761, -0.720 and 0.617 cm, respectively. While, Hasawi and Siwa populations showed an increased plant height by +3.816 and +3.197cm, respectively. Glyphosate treated plots (+ and -) were evaluated by weed bioassay in terms of green and dry weight during a course of three successive cuttings. Exposed genetic materials to glyphosate treatments were selection cycles (C0, C1 and C2) of the five studied populations.The first cycle of selection to glyphosate tolerance expressed a significant increase of 9.59 and 10.93% relative to the base population as green and dry weed weights, when evaluated under glyphosate treating condition. The second cycle of selection was associated with a reduction of 29.63 and 28.88% in green and dry weight of weed. This might indicate a proliferation of alfalfa plants that were selected for glyphosate tolerance, the matter that reduced the mass of weeds, whether, as green or dry weight.
Wear-out of ultra-thin gate oxides during high-field electron tunnelling

Ultra-thin (<6 nm) SiO2 wear-out is characterized by time-dependent dielectric breakdown and stress-induced leakage current (SILC) measurements on n+ poly-Si/SiO2/n-Si capacitors, stressed by high-field tunnel injection of electrons from the Si substrate. A drastic increase of the charge to breakdown (QBD) and a strong decrease of the SILC are observed for thinner oxide layers and lower tunnel current densities. This is explained by the corresponding reduction of the hot-electron energy during stressing. With the decrease in gate oxide thickness from 6 nm to 3 nm, a transition from Fowler-Nordheim to direct electron tunnelling is observed in the current-voltage characteristics of the capacitors. It is demonstrated that no significant wear-out occurs in a 3.5 nm oxide layer for direct tunnelling of electrons from the Si substrate.
The influence of glycerol on ligand binding equilibria between monoalcohols andα-cyclodextrin

Abstract The association between α -cyclodextrin and three monoalcohols (1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, and 1-heptanol) in (glycerol + water) was studied by titration microcalorimetry at T = (288.15, 298.15, and 308.15) K. The apparent thermodynamic parameters for the binding reactions, the equilibrium constant K (obs) and enthalpy of reaction Δ r H m o (obs), were calculated from the calorimetric results. Knowing from a prior study that glycerol associates with α -cyclodextrin in aqueous solution, the observed values were corrected for this equilibrium, assuming as a model that there is identical linkage. The intrinsic values of the thermodynamic parameters for the binding reaction, K (int) and Δ r H m o (int), were then calculated for the three studied temperatures. From these values, the change in Gibbs free energy and entropy upon binding, Δ r G m o (int) and Δ r S m o (int), respectively, were also calculated. From the temperature dependence of the enthalpy changes, the change in heat capacity for the binding reactions Δ r C p , m o was obtained. The values of the intrinsic thermodynamic parameters are compared with the corresponding ones in water. For all compounds and temperatures, there is an increase in binding strength, as reflected by higher K values. The fact that the intrinsic parameters have different values from the ones observed in water shows that the glycerol linkage to the monoalcohols binding to α -cyclodextrin explains just part of the change in the observed parameters, indicating that glycerol is also acting as a co-solvent, thus affecting the solution interactions.
Laccase and Laccase‐Mediated Systems in the Synthesis of Organic Compounds

Laccase, a blue multicopper oxidase, has recently received considerable attention because of its usefulness in oxidizing phenolic and non-phenolic compounds, as well as its suitability for organic synthesis, environmental pollutant treatment, and other biotechnological applications. This review covers recent studies on the structural properties, occurrence, reaction mechnisms, redox mediators of laccases and their application in organic synthesis procedures, such as dimerization, polymerization, oxidation, and amination. We also present a brief discussion on laccase activity in non-aqueous media. Given that the development of green protocols for the synthesis of pure compounds is one of the main goals of sustainable chemistry, the exploitation of laccases is expected to remain one of the most popular directions in future biocatalysis research.
Globalization and power: The consolidation of international communication as a discipline. Review article la consolidación de la comunicación internacional como disciplina. Artículo de revisión

espanolSe presenta un recorrido sobre el desarrollo teorico y las principales lineas de investigacion de la comunicacion internacional. Para ello, se analiza la aparicion de la comunicacion en la configuracion del poder en cuatro vertientes (duro, blando, punzante y narrativa estrategica). Se examina la perspectiva critica y el dominio anglosajon de la materia, con evidencias de Francia, Alemania, o America Latina. Se anticipan cinco ejes de futuras investigaciones, como son el propio fortalecimiento de las bases teoricas y metodologicas con metodos interdisciplinares; la naturaleza y caracteristica del periodista internacional (corresponsales frente a noticias falsas); el manejo de la comunicacion populista ante una globalizacion politica con lideres que dificultan el ethos periodistico convencional; el analisis de las estructuras; y los sistemas mundiales de informacion ante un escenario multipolar y menos "efecto CNN" del esperado, y la constante dinamica de innovacion de la propaganda. EnglishA tour of the theoretical development and the main research lines of international communication is presented. To do this, the appearance of communication in the configuration of power in four aspects (hard, soft, sharp and strategic narrative) is analyzed. The critical perspective and the Anglo-Saxon mastery on the subject are examined, with evidence from France, Germany, or Latin America. Five axes of future research are anticipated, such as the strengthening of the theoretical and methodological bases with interdisciplinary methods; the nature and characteristics of the international journalists (correspondents versus false news); the management of populist communication in the face of a political globalization with leaders that hinder the conventional journalistic ethos; the analysis of the structures; and global information systems in a multipolar scenario and less "CNN effect" than expected, and the constant innovation dynamics of propaganda.
A New Approach to Micellization Parameters: Its Application to Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Micelle

A new approach to determine the three micellization parameters for ionic surfactants, the micellization constant Kn, the micelle aggregation number n, and the number of counterions per micelle m, was developed by combination of electric conductivity and either surfactant ion or counterion concentration. The approach employed two slopes of the plots of specific conductivity against surfactant concentration below and above the critical micelle concentration and the mass action model of micelle formation. This approach can be used to determine the other two parameters when the n value is available. This method was applied to the aqueous solution of sodium dodecyl sulfate whose micellization parameters have been precisely determined and was found to be quite successful to obtain the three parameters.
Effects of High Pressure on Isotope Effects and Hydrogen Tunneling

Kinetic isotope effects arising from transition state phenomena such as tunneling are sensitive to changes in pressure, whereas those arising from differences in zero point energies in the reactant state are not (Isaacs, N. S. Isotope Effects in Organic Chemistry; Buncel, E., Lee, C. C., Eds.; 1984; Vol. 6, pp 67−105). A new equation is derived which differentiates between the two origins as a function of pressure. Fitting published isotope effects on hydride transfer between chloranil and leucocrystal violet (Isaacs, N. S.; Javaid, K.; Rannala, E. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2 1978, 709−711) to this equation yields ΔVQ = 36.5 ± 3.0 mL/mol for the apparent volume difference between the transition states of hydride versus deuteride transfer, kH/kD = 7.8 ± 0.1 for the semiclassical isotope effect due to differences in zero point energies, and QH/QD = 1.44 ± 0.02 for the transition state effect. Thus, tunneling accounts for 33 ± 1% of the observed deuterium isotope effect at atmospheric pressure. Incorporat.
Calculation of the Compounds in Portland Cement

The bases for a calculation of the compounds present in portland cement from chemical analysis are presented. Arithmetical and diagrammatical methods are given for such a calculation. It is well recognized that the compounds formed from oxides during cement production determine concrete properties. This paper is seminal in permitting the determination of the actual compounds present in a Portland cement based on an oxide analysis.
Design and Use of a Settling Chamber for Sampler Evaluation Under Calm-Air Conditions

A compact, low cost, and easy to operate experimental system was developed for evaluating personal samplers in a calm-air environment. The system can provide uniformly distributed monodisperse microspheres up to 69.7 w m in a quiescent environment for determining sampler efficiencies using a fluorescence method. The reference concentration was measured using one vertical and two horizontal sharp-edged probes. The vertical sampling probe met the criterion for greater than 90% sampling efficiency for upward facing cylindrical probes given by Agarwal and Liu, except at the particle size of 69.7 w m. In addition, the consistent agreement among all three reference sampling probes at all particle sizes tested implied that representative measurements of aerosol concentrations in the test section were achieved. In this study, the RespiCon (Model No. 8522, TSI Inc., St. Paul, MN, USA) and IOM (Cat. No. 225-70, SKC Inc., Eighty Four, PA, USA) personal aerosol samplers were evaluated in the system with air velocities in the sampling region below 1.5 cm/s. The sampling efficiency of the IOM was near 100% at all particle sizes, while the RespiCon matched the conventional respirable and thoracic convention curves but undersampled the inhalable fraction.
Rotational diffusion studied by passage saturation transfer electron paramagnetic resonance

A comprehensive description is given of instrumental and theoretical methods employed to make accurate measurements of rotational correlation times using passage saturation transfer electron paramagnetic resonance (ST–EPR). Saturation transfer methods extend by several orders of magnitude the sensitivity of EPR to very slow motion; for example, for nitroxide spin labels, correlation times as long as 10−3 sec become accessible to measurement. Two ST–EPR detection schemes are discussed in detail: dispersion, detected 90° out of phase with respect to the 100 kHz field modulation, and absorption, detected 90° out of phase with respect to the second harmonic of the 50 kHz field modulation. The sensitivities of these configurations are illustrated with experimental spectra obtained from a system obeying isotropic Brownian rotational diffusion; namely, maleimide spin labeled human oxyhemoglobin in aqueous glycerol solutions. Two theoretical approaches, one employing coupled Bloch equations and the other utilizing the stochastic Liouville equation for the density matrix with the orientation variables treated by transition rate matrix or orthogonal eigenfunction expansion methods, are in excellent agreement with each other and with model system spectra. Both experimental and theoretical spectra depend on a number of relaxation processes other than rotational diffusion; consequently, considerable care must be taken to ensure the accuracy of measuredrotational correlation times. Although the absorption method is currently the more sensitive and convenient one to apply with most conventional (commercial) spectrometers, the dispersion ST–EPR method is potentially more powerful, providing strong motivation for future technological efforts to decrease noise levels in dispersion experiments.
Reinforcing Effect of Low Polyethylene Wax Content on Polydicyclopentadiene

Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD)/polyethylene wax (PEW) blends containing a low content of PEW were prepared by in situ polymerization. The results of mechanical properties showed that the PEW was an effective reinforcing modifier of the PDCPD matrix. Through studying the microstructure of the blends by scanning electron microscopy and dynamic mechanical analysis, the reinforcing mechanisms were discussed. This paper is expected to broaden the selection of reinforcing modifiers of PDCPD and the use of dicyclopentadiene as a healing agent in self-healing applications.
Controlled biosilification using self-assembled short peptides A6K and V6K

We report the molecular self-assembly of two amphiphilic peptides (A6K and V6K) and the application of their self-assemblies as organic templates to direct biosilica formation. Under ambient conditions, A6K self-assembled into nanotubes 2.7 nm tall and approximately 1 μm to 2 μm long. In contrast, V6K self-assembled into lamellar-stack nanostructures approximately 4 nm tall and under 100 nm long. The self-assembled peptide nanostructures were used as organic templates to direct biosilica formation. Comparing with the self-assembled structures formed by the peptide/anions system, novel silica morphologies can be obtained by changing the peptide composition, using different anions, and applying electrostatic/flow fields. We observed that the presence of anions is important but not enough to produce ordered silica structures with novel morphologies. This study provides further understanding of silica biomineralization tailored by assembled peptides, which offers a simple but efficient method to control the formation of inorganic material.
Electrochemical Behaviour of Isoflavones Genistein and Biochanin A at a Glassy Carbon Electrode

The electrochemical behaviour of genistein and biochanin A was studied at a glassy carbon electrode by cyclic, differential pulse and square wave voltammetry. Genistein undergoes three irreversible, pH dependent oxidation reactions with the transfer of one electron and one proton from each hydroxyl group. The formation of two electroactive products that undergo reversible redox reactions was observed. Biochanin A undergoes two irreversible, pH dependent reactions due to the oxidation of the two hydroxyl groups. The electrochemical behaviour of the chemical analogue daidzein was also investigated. The electroactive centres of genistein and biochanin A were identified and their oxidation mechanisms discussed.
High-Resolution Carbonate Variability in Red Earth Deposits: Implications for Water Cycling Dynamics during the Late Miocene

ABSTRACT He, T. and Kong, K. , 2020. High-resolution carbonate variability in red earth deposits: Implications for water cycling dynamics during the late Miocene. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 93–98. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. The late Miocene provides the chance to assess the changing boundary conditions on a warmer world than present. While the climate variability is well understood for the oceanographic records, the water availability and dynamics in terrestrial environment in the densely populated East Asian remains enigmatic. Little is known about the precipitation response to the Antarctic ice-sheets during this time interval. To understand this critical relationship between low- and high-latitude climates, we use a new indicator based on the carbonate variability in Red Earth on the northern Chinese Loess Plateau to reconstruct water availability throughout the interval (7.5–6.9 Ma). Our high-resolution reconstructions show that the carbonate leaching/reprecipitation cycle is dominantly forced by the astronomical parameter obliquity (40-kyr) that is in accord with the Antarctic ice-volume controlled oceanography records at ∼7 Ma. Supported by goethite and hematite records in the same site, soil temperatures and precipitations are fully coupled, interpreted as marking the climate pattern of Asian monsoon during the late Miocene. Cyclic correlation between the carbonate variability and the goethite, hematite data, reveal that the obliquity controlled precipitation oscillations were superimposed on a long-term increase of the Asian monsoon, which was synchronous with intensification of climate cooling, the declining of partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and the growing of Antarctic ice-volume. Combined with the atmospheric- and oceanic-adjustments, we suggest that the cross-equatorial pressure gradient has led to the rise of Asian monsoon.
Aquatic Animal Image Classification Technology Based on Transfer Learning and Data Augmentation

ABSTRACT Yuan, H. ; Zhang, S. ; Qin, E. , and Zhou, H. , 2020. Aquatic animal image classification technology based on transfer learning and data augmentation. In: Hu, C. and Cai, M. (eds.), Geo-informatics and Oceanography. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 105, pp. 129–133. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. A method based on data augmentation and transfer learning methods is proposed to address the problems of complicated steps, low accuracy, and poor generalization of traditional aquatic animal image classification methods. First, a deep convolutional generative adversarial network is used to enhance the data of the sample. Second, based on modifying the source model's fully connected classification layer, the weights of high-level convolution modules are set to be trained for adaptive adjustment. Finally, using the accuracy on the validation set and training time as the evaluation indexes, the performance experiments were conducted on various network structures and a different proportion of trainable parameters. The experimental results show that when the portion of trainable parameters is around 75%, the accuracy of the image recognition model obtained by retraining can reach 97.9%, which can be improved by up to 36 percentage points compared with the support vector machine algorithm.
Series of Ag(I) Coordination Complexes Derived from Aminopyrimidyl Ligands and Dicarboxylates: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Properties

A series of new metal−organic frameworks, namely, [Ag(mapym)(suc)0.5·0.5H2O]n (1), [Ag2(mapym)2(glu)·1.5H2O]n (2), [Ag2(mapym)2(ipa)·2H2O]n (3), [Ag2(mapym)2(tpa)(H2O)]n (4), [Ag(dmapym)2(ox)0.5·H2O] (5), and [Ag(dmapym)(bbdc)0.5·0.5H2O]n (6) (mapym = 2-amino-4-methylpyrimidine, dmapym = 2-amino-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine, H2suc = succinic acid, H2glu = glutaric acid, H2ipa = isophthalic acid, H2tpa = terephthalic acid, H2ox = oxalic acid, H2bbdc = 4,4-bibenzenedicarboxylic acid), have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Complexes 1 and 2 exhibit two-dimensional (2D) interpenetrated and double-sheet structures, respectively. Complex 3 is a three-dimensional (3D) framework constructed through unusual 2D → 3D parallel interpenetration of a corrugated 2D 44-sql net. Complex 5 is a 0-dimensional (0D) H-shaped molecule, and the self-complementary N−H···N hydrogen bonds incorporating R44(14) hydrogen bond motifs extend these molecules into a 3D supramolecular framework. Complexes 4 and 6 are also 2D sh.