Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Efecto de la funcionalización de nanopartículas de sílica como agente de refuerzo en materiales dentales compuestos

Abstract The present study evaluated the effect of silica nanoparticle aggregation state on the reflectance and crystallinity of dental composite materials. Two types of silica nanoparticles (ca. 10 nm): Aerosil 200  non-funcionalized and Aerosil DT4  funcionalized with 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane. Nanoparticles were dispersed in a monomer mix composed by Urethane Dimethacrylate (UDMA) and Ethylene glycol Dimethacrylate (EGDMA) in a 80:20 mass ratio. The particle size of silica and their aggregation state were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), showing that the Aerosil DT4  has dense aggregates with sizes higher than 1 µm; on the other hand the Aerosil 200  showed a particle gel-like structure. The functionalization degree of the Aerosil DT4  was determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), obtaining a value of 7.57% w/w. The composite materials were evaluated by Differencial Scanning Calorimerty (DSC) to determine their crystallinity. The composite material reinforced by Aerosil DT4
The Central American Fear of Youth

It is often asserted that youth gangs and organized crime have seized Central America. For theories on contemporary Central American violence, Costa Rica, El Salvador and Nicaragua present important test cases, which demonstrate the need to differentiate the diagnosis. This paper is concerned with the social construction of violence-related national and transnational myths as a precondition for policy formulation. The notion of exploding youth violence is part of hegemonic discourses and not necessarily linked to lifeworld experiences. While discourses on youth violence differ from country to country, with varying threat levels, patterns of attention, and discursive leitmotifs, they share the monstrous image of brutal gangs (Mara Salvatrucha, Dieciocho) as the most vivid object of fear.
Partnership for Development The Case of Savelugu Municipal Assembly and World Vision Ghana

This study explored the effectiveness of the partnership relationship between the Savelugu Municipal Assembly (SMA) and the World Vision Ghana (WVG) as a case study of how partnerships between MMDAs and NGOs contribute to development in the Northern Region of Ghana. The exploration was done within the context of Development Cooperation as espoused in the Goal 8 of the MDGs as a means of promoting aid effectiveness. A Mixed Research Strategy, the Case Study Design and the Purposive Sampling Technique were some of the research methodological techniques employed for the study. The study suggests that the partnership between the two organisations was a mutual and impacted positively on the development of the Savelugu Municipality. This included improvement in water supply, sanitation, as well as education and healthcare delivery. The study suggests that partnership relationships that thrive on cordiality or mutual respect are most likely to impact positively on development. Keywords: Partnership, MMDAs, NGOs, Development, Cooperation, Decentralisation
Investigation of Phenol Removal by Proxy-Electrocoagulation Process with Iron Electrodes from Aqueous Solutions

Background: Phenol as an aromatic hydroxyl compound are considered as a priority pollutant. Because of their stability, solubility in water and high toxicity had health important. Methods: In the present experimental study, electrocoagulation reactor by iron electrodes are used in the presence of hydrogen peroxide to phenol removing from
Design analysis of a beam splitter based on the frustrated total internal reflection

In this work, a theoretical analysis on the design of the beam splitter (BS) based on the frustrated total internal re∞ection (FTIR) is made. We consider a model structure made of a low- index gap layer bounded by two high-index layers. In the design of a 50/50 BS, we flnd that there exists a critical gap thickness which is a decreasing function of the angle of incidence for both TE and TM waves. There also exists a critical wavelength for the incident wave, and it increases with increasing angle of incidence. Finally, at a flxed gap thickness and wavelength of incident wave, the critical angle in TE wave is slightly larger than that of TM wave. The analysis provides some fundamental information that is of particular use to the design of a BS within the framework of FTIR.
DYNAMIC COGNITION AND CREATIVITY IN DESIGN THINKING PROCESS

The aim of this research is to understand human creativity, in order to contribute to computer support systems for both design and design education. For that purpose, the author has investigated the design thinking process. Creative thinking works as a dynamic process, which can be represented by thinking path models. ‘Semantic generation’ is an extremely important phase in design, based on the results of observing the behavior of designers. Also, interpretative searching for metaphors or associations with drawings can be effective in integrating the functions and images in a transforming process. The author describes 2 other experiments, building upon previous research into the drawing process of designers. By observing behavior of designers, relationships between the creative thinking and drawing processes were examined and features of designer thinking were characterized. A dynamic cognition process of design thinking could be represented by a model, with multiple paths among phases in a sequence. This model was proposed and tested, then discussed in terms of the clues it offers about design creativity.
The compensatory effect of glutathione on alleviating salinity–induced modulations in growth and biochemical traits in maize irrigated with diluted seawater

Salinity stress has recently received much attention as an object worthy of research and interest. It is a great challenge for the future global agricultural production that aspires to a large-scale conversion of raw seawater to irrigation use. Our study aims to investigate the antioxidant and free radical scavenging effect of glutathione (GSH) that would enhance maize tolerance to the destructive effect of salinity. A greenhouse trail was conducted in this context during the summer season of 2015 using two salinity (Mediterranean seawater: 3000 and 6000 ppm) and GSH (100 and 200 pm) levels. Tap water was used as a control. Individually, saline water acted in a distinctly different manner than GSH. Irrigation with diluted seawater caused morphological alterations consistent with chemical imbalance. The weight, stem diameter and longitudinal growth of maize were substantially reduced, while enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant components were positively enhanced. Amino acid composition was significantly higher only among plants received low salt concentration (3000 ppm). Glutathione application alone had a strong impact in promoting maize growth. However, lower response was noted at the level of antioxidant-related substances and amino acids content in comparison with salinity treatments. In stressed plants, glutathione mitigated the detrimental effects imposed by salinity, both at the morphological and biochemical levels. Concurrently, the alleviative effect increased as GSH concentration increased. In view of the results obtained irrigation maize with diluted seawater is possible, yet the cumulative adverse effects of salt on land safety should be considered. Our results suggest that using GSH enhances maize tolerance to salinity, and promotes plant recovery from the stress.
Advances and Future Directions in Poultry Nutrition: An Overview

Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New ZealandABSTRACT In the past, poultry nutrition has focussed on increasing the production efficiency to meet the progress achieved in the genetic potential of broilers and layers. Future directions in poultry nutrition will be driven by not only by the need to maximise biological and economic performance of birds, but also by societal issues (environment, antibiotic growth promoters, welfare, traceability and use of genetically modified ingredients). Key advances in poultry nutrition are discussed and future directions, which can be expected, are highlighted. Given the tightening supply and ever-increasing cost of raw materials, there will be more pressure to extract every unit of energy and nutrients from feed ingredients. In this context, a number of feed additives are expected to play an increasingly significant role. Feed enzymes and crystalline amino acids, in particular, will have a profound effect on future sustainability of the poultry industry. Future nutritional research need to focus on identifying the barriers to effective digestion and utilisation of nutrients and, to achieve this objective, nutritionists must combine their expertise with those of specialising in other biological sciences, including immunology, microbiology, histology and molecular biology. (Key words : nutrition, feedstuffs, feed additives, poultry)
Does Terror Defeat Contact? Intergroup Contact and Prejudice Toward Muslims Before and After the London Bombings

Allport (1954) proposed a series of preconditions that have subsequently been shown to facilitate effects of intergroup contact on attitudes toward outgroups (Pettigrew & Tropp, 2006). The present study examines whether objective threat, in the form of the 2005 London 7/7 terror attack, can inhibit the positive effects of contact. We tested hypotheses that contact would affect prejudice toward Muslims regardless of the bombings (contact prevails) or that the bombings would inhibit the effects of contact on prejudice (threat inhibits). Data were collected through representative national surveys 1 month before and again 1 month after the attacks in London on July 7, 2005 (pre-7/7 N = 931; post-7/7 N = 1,100), which represent relatively low and relatively high salience of “objective threat. ” Prejudice against Muslims significantly increased following the bombings. Psychological threats to safety (safety threat) and to customs (symbolic threat) mediated the impact of the bombings on prejudice, whereas perceived economic threat did not. All 3 types of psychological threat mediated between contact and prejudice. Multigroup structural equation modeling showed that, even though the objective threat did raise levels of psychological threats, the positive effects of contact on prejudice through perceived psychological threats persisted. Results therefore support a contact prevails hypothesis.
AN EFFICIENT AND EFFECTIVE RANKING ON SPATIAL DATA BY QUALITY PREFERENCES

-A spatial preference query ranks objects based on the qualities of features in their spatial neighborhood. For example, consider a road network database with available paths for two points. A customer may want to rank the paths with respect to their distance defined after aggregating the qualities of other features (road condition, travelling time, and traffic monitoring and road length) within a distance range. This ranking is obtained by range score and influence score function. Propose appropriate indexing techniques and search algorithms for computing the spatial preference queries on a road network. Extensive evaluation of our methods on both real and synthetic data reveals that an optimized branch- and-bound solution is efficient and robust with respect to different parameters.
Flight MH 370 Community Structure

Studying community structure has proven efficient in understanding social forms of interactions among people, quantitatively investigating some of the well-known social theories and providing useful recommendations to users in communities based on common interests. Another important feature for community structure is that it allows for classification of vertices according to their structural positions in clusters such that some vertices may have an important function of control and stability within the community while others may play an important role of leading relationships and exchanges between different communities. Studying the community structure of Flight MH370 will help us finding patterns that emerge from that structure which can lead to demystify some of the many ambiguous aspects of that flight. The aim of this study is to analyze the mesoscopic and macroscopic features of that community using social network analysis. Pajek, which is a program for social network analysis, is used to generate a series of social networks that represent the different network communities.
Ross Sea polynyas: Response of ice concentration retrievals to large areas of thin ice

[1] For a 3-month period between May and July of 2005, we examine the response of the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) Enhanced NASA Team 2 (NT2) and AMSR-E Bootstrap (ABA) ice concentration algorithms to large areas of thin ice of the Ross Sea polynyas. Coincident Envisat Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) coverage of the region during this period offers a detailed look at the development of the polynyas within several hundred kilometers of the ice front. The high-resolution imagery and derived ice motion fields show bands of polynya ice, covering up to ∼105 km2 of the Ross Sea, that are associated with wind-forced advection. In this study, ice thickness from AMSR-E 36 GHz polarization information serves as the basis for examination of the response. The quality of the thickness of newly formed sea ice (<10 cm) from AMSR-E is first assessed with thickness estimates derived from ice surface temperatures from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument. The effect of large areas of thin ice in lowering the ice concentration estimates from both NT2/ABA approaches is clearly demonstrated. Results show relatively robust relationships between retrieved ice concentrations and thin ice thickness estimates that differ between the two algorithms. These relationships define the approximate spatial coincidence of ice concentration and thickness isopleths. Using the 83% (ABA) and 91% (NT2) isopleths as polynya boundaries, we show that the computed coverage compares well with that using the estimated 10-cm thickness contour. The thin ice response characterized here suggests that in regions with polynyas, the retrieval results could be used to provide useful geophysical information, namely thickness and coverage.
The Duties, Responsibilities, and Challenges of Opening a New Elementary School

The primary purpose of this study was to examine the challenges of principals who opened new elementary schools and to identify the essential responsibilities and duties they encountered. Identifying the role and latitude of the principal at different phases of the school construction was also examined. This research was guided by the research question: What are the duties, responsibilities, and challenges that principals encounter when charged with the task of opening and organizing a new elementary school? The sample for the study included three principals from three Tennessee public elementary schools who opened a new school for the first time during the 2001-2002 or 2002-2003 school years. The data for this study was collected via personal interviews using a semi-structured interview guide which consisted of twenty questions. Several findings emerged from the data revealing some important observations about the duties, responsibilities, and challenges that principals encounter opening a new school. These included: I) the planning and design stage of the new school was developed before the principal was appointed; 2) the latitude of the principal during the construction phase varied depending on when principals were appointed; 3) there was a diverse list of duties and responsibilities consisting of processes, procedures, and functions for which no assistance was provided or formal guidelines established; 4) an incredible amount of time and energy was spent by the principal dealing with unexpected
DJ Game

This thesis explores the possibility of creating new interactions in mobile music games. It begins with the creation of a research goal and research questions. These questions were aimed at the discovery of how a game implementing these interactions might affect user perception of both music and gameplay elements. By conducting a thorough prestudy, it was found that there might be some new ground to break when it comes to simplification of complex actions on small touch screens. And on the gameplay side of things, there was found to be an obvious overweight in games using rhythm-pattern interactions, where players react to on-screen prompts through simple mechanics to cause some musical output. Few games attempt to flip this music-gameplay relation on its head, having manipulation of music be the central gameplay mechanic. With this prestudy as a backdrop, a game prototype was designed and developed. The interaction design for this prototype was largely inspired by how DJs interact with and manipulate prerecorded music. Gameplay mechanics were then designed to support these player interactions. By conducting observations and interviews, and analyzing the collected data, the prototype was found to be successful in several areas. Participants showed a better understanding of musical structure and music production and performance, indicating value in simplification when mapping complex real-world interactions to mobile screens. Some of the participants were observed to reach something close to a state of flow while playing the game, confirming the viability of music interaction and manipulation as a core gameplay mechanic. The thesis concludes with a discussion of these findings, and lastly presents potential future work.
In Patients Who Underwent Total Thyroidectomy Some Non-Steroidal AntiinflammatoryDrugs Effects on Thyroid Replacement Therapy

Objective: Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs can change serum thyroid hormone concentrations by binding to serum proteins. If misunderstood, this situation can give way to inappropriate diagnoses and faulty treatment planning for thyroid diseases in clinical practice. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effects of ketoprofen, lornoxicam, and etofenamate, which are frequently used in clinical practice, on thyroid function tests. Methodology: The study covered 28 rabbits divided into 4 groups. Groups were administered intramuscular injections daily for 10 days. Thyroid hormones concentrations were tested in the blood samples end of day 10. Results: An increase in free thyroxin level in the lornoxicam group was recorded on day 7 in comparison to other groups (p=0.015). There was a statistical decrease regarding thyroid stimulant hormone concentration after day 5 in all three groups (Day 5 p=0.000, day 7 p=0.003, day 10 p=0.00). Conclusion: We believe that previous history of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug use should be taken into consideration within the scope of patients’ anamneses because non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug use can change the results of thyroid function tests and this change may lead to misevaluations and mistreatment not only for patients with thyroid diseases but also for normal patients.
The evaluation of a self-development programme for managers in a corporate pharmacy group

Changes that impact on organisations require of managers to accept responsibility for their self-development to remain effective. The aim of this research was to evaluate a self -development programme for managers in a corporate pharmacy group. A two -group true experimental design with pre-, post, and post-post testing was used. A total of 35 managers were randomly divided into an experimental (n = 18) and control group (n = 17). The following measuring instruments were used for the evaluation of the programme: The Personal Orientation Inventory, the Generalised Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale, the COPE-Questionnaire and a knowledge test. The results showed that participants showed higher Synergy and Feeling reflection and greater selfefficacy following the self-development programme. JEL M00
Behaviour of arsenic and selenium in an ICP-QMS with collision and reaction interface

The performance of a collision reaction interface (CRI) for minimization of spectral interferences on analytical signals of 75As+ and 76Se+, 77Se+, 78Se+, 80Se+ and 82Se+ isotopes was evaluated by using H2 and He gases introduced through the sampler or skimmer cones of an inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometer (ICP-QMS). Different gas flow rates were tested employing reference solutions prepared either in hydrochloric acid or in water soluble tertiary amines (CFA-C) media as carbon source. A hydrogen gas flow rate at 60 mL min−1 introduced through skimmer cone was effective for minimizing polyatomic interferences on 75As+ and Se isotopes, except for 80Se+. The use of He introduced through sampler or skimmer cones had a minor effect on the minimization of interferences when compared to the use of H2 gas. Moreover, it was observed that the gas introduction through the sampler cone had no effect on interferences when using gas flow rates up to 80 mL min−1 for both gases evaluated. Based on these results, it can be recommended to use H2 gas introduced through skimmer cone of the CRI for correcting polyatomic interferences on 75As+ and Se isotopes in matrixes containing up to 2% v v−1 chloride.
Rearrangement of stresses in fault zones – detecting major issues of coupled hydraulic–mechanical processes with relevance to geothermal applications

Abstract. The South German Molasse Basin provides favourable conditions for geothermal plants. Nevertheless, micro-seismic events occur in the vicinity of the geothermal Unterhaching Gt2 well and seem to be caused by the geothermal plant. The injection and production are located in an existing fault system. The majority of seismic events takes place at a horizontal distance of 500 m or less of the borehole. However, none of the seismic events are located in the injection reservoir but in fact at a significantly greater depth. A deeper process understanding of the interacting thermal–hydraulic–mechanical effects in the vicinity of the well is desired. This article presents a significantly simplified 2-D model, investigating interactions of the stress field in the vicinity of the geothermal well and movements in the fault system. This might be of special interest, as the operation of the geothermal plant might lead to changes in the material and fracture properties on the one hand and in the equilibrium state on the other. A detailed description of the model, as well as various parameter studies, is presented. It can be seen that boundary conditions such as direction of the stress field in relation to the fault system, geometry of the fault system and parameters of the fractures have a significant influence on stresses in the proximity of the geothermal well. A variation in the spatial stress field in some parts of the fault system is to be expected. For the chosen assumptions the dimension of this variation is about 25% of the assumed stresses. Future work on this model might focus on the characteristics of the fault system, as well as on the influence of the coupled thermal–hydraulic–mechanical effects.
The Impacts of the Marine Transportation Openness Policies against the Transportation Costs

Transportation costs are the driving factors of the world trade growth, lower transportation costs can increase thecompetitiveness of a commodity. With the openness of the transportation services sector, transportation costsdue to the removal of tariff and non-tariff barriers will be lower. Some of the commodities exported andimported by Indonesia are farm commodities thus how the policies influence their transportation cost needs to beknown. Analysis was performed using the 2010 cross section data of 15 countries. The analysis result indicatedthat the transport services sector openess did influence the transport costs of imports yet it didn’t significantlyinfluence the export transport costs.