Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Update on vaccination of preterm infants: a systematic review about safety and efficacy/effectiveness. Proposal for a position statement by Italian Society of Pediatric Allergology and Immunology jointly with the Italian Society of Neonatology.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Preterm infants (PIs) are at increased risk of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs). However, delayed vaccination start and low vaccine coverage are still reported. Areas covered: This systematic review includes 37 articles on preterm vaccination published in 2008–2018 in PubMed. Both live attenuated and inactivated vaccines are safe and well tolerated in PIs. Local reactions, apnea, and reactivity changes are the most frequently reported adverse events. Lower gestational age and birth weight, preimmunization apnea, longer use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) are risk factors for apnea. The proportion of PIs who develop protective humoral and cellular immunity is generally similar to full terms although later gestational age is associated with increased antibody IgG concentrations (i.e. against certain pneumococcal serotypes, influenza, hepatitis B virus and poliovirus 1) and increased mononuclear cells proliferation (i.e. after inactivated poliovirus). Expert opinion: PIs can be safely and adequately protected by available vaccines with the same schedule used for full terms. Data at this regard have been retrieved by studies using a 3-dose primary series for pneumococcal and hexavalent vaccines. Further studies are needed regarding the 2 + 1 schedule. Apnea represents a nonspecific stress response in PIs, thus those hospitalized at 2 months should have cardio-respiratory monitoring after their first vaccination.
The Influence of Smartphone Use on Academic Performance Among Indonesian University Students

University students use smartphones at every opportunity including in the lecture hall when they’re attending courses. This study hypothesizes that there is a significant influence of smartphone use on academic performance. However, in assessing the influence, several other variables need to be considered such as gender, smoking habits, self-efficacy, academic efficacy, and romantic relationships. The sample of this study was students (N = 582) who were domiciled in Jakarta and surrounding areas (Jabodetabek). All analyses were carried out using SPSS through the following steps. First, the independent sample t -test and ANOVA were performed to examine the academic performance differences on three predictors: (1) sex, (2) smoking habit, and (3) romantic relationship. Second, hierarchical multiple regression was used to answer the research question whether or not there was a significant influence of smartphone use on academic performance by controlling the overall predictor variable? The results show that among smartphone user students, the female group showed better academic performance, as did students without romantic partners, and did not smoke. Calculation with multiple hierarchical regression shows that among all predictors examined, smoking behaviour is the most significant moderator variable in influencing academic performance (β = -0.22, p <0.001), followed by cellphone use (β = 0.14, p <0.001). Keywords: Academic performance , smartphone , students , university, Indonesia.
A Study of Vitamin D Supplementation to Patients with Chronic Diseases Admitted to Ain Shams University Hospital

Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency have become a common problem worldwide. Vitamin D has been associated with all causes of mortality in chronic diseases and associated with a longer hospital stay and poor outcome. to evaluate the role of vitamin D supplementation on the outcome of hospitalization for patients with CLD or CHF admitted to Ain Shams University Hospitals (ASUH) with acute deterioration of their illness. We conducted prospective case control on 80 patients collected from inpatient ward of endocrinology, divided into 2 groups; 40 patients with chronic liver diseases and 40 patients with heart failure. Serum 25OH-vitamin D and calcium, phosphate and PTH were measured to all participants before intervention. 20 patients of each group (Intervention group) received single dose of vitamin D within 3 days of admission and the other 20 patients of each group (control group) did not receive vitamin D vitamin D. no significant difference between patients who received vitamin D supplementation and who did not receive vitamin D supplementation as regards outcome and survival with P value 1.000 in patients with CLD and 0.823 in patients with CHF. On the other hand, we found baseline vitamin D level was an independent predictor of mortality (P value .018). We found that a beneficial effect of vitamin D supplementation can't be achieved with single dose vitamin D (200,000 IU) on CHF or CLD hospitalized patients’ mortality. We recommend that vitamin D supplementation should be considered in CLD and CHF outpatients, with exception of hypercalcemic and hyperphosphatemic patients, as baseline vitamin D status affects the disease course and mortality prior to disease deterioration and hospitalization.
Effect of Scalp Block on Postoperative nausea and vomiting & Recovery Profile after Craniotomy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Study:

Background: Scalp block with bupivacaine has shown to provide perioperative analgesia with subsequent decrease in intraoperative opioids consumption. We performed a prospective randomized controlled study to evaluate the efficacy of preemptive scalp block in preventing Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after elective supratentorial craniotomy Methods: 40 patients were randomly allocated to either control group or preemptive scalp block group. Postoperative nausea & vomiting incidence & severity during 1st 24 hours after operation were recorded. Results: We found that PONV% was statistically insignificant between the 2 groups; 50% in control group, 45% in Scalp block group. On the other hand, Scalp block blunted response of both mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate with noxious stimuli during pinning and skin incision together with improvement in recovery profile. Conclusions: Scalp block, combined with general anesthesia provided good hemodynamic stability and better recovery profile during craniotomy but on the other hand, had no effect on PONV incidence during 1st 24 h.
Stiffness gradients facilitate ovipositor bending and spatial probing control in a parasitic wasp

ABSTRACT Many parasitic wasps use slender and steerable ovipositors to lay eggs in hosts hidden in substrates, but it is currently unknown how steering is achieved. The ovipositors generally consist of three longitudinally connected elements, one dorsal and two ventral valves that can slide along each other. For the parasitic wasp Diachasmimorpha longicaudata, it has been shown that protraction of the ventral valves causes incurving of the ventral valves towards the dorsal one, which results in a change in probing direction. We hypothesize that this shape change is due to differences in bending stiffness along the ovipositor. Alignment of the stiff tip of the dorsal valve with a more flexible ventral S-shaped region situated just behind the tip straightens this S-bend and results in upwards rotation of the ventral tip. We show that the S-shaped region of the ventral valves has a low bending stiffness because it contains soft materials such as resilin. In contrast, the large cross-sectional area of the dorsal valve tip area probably results in a high bending stiffness. Elsewhere, the dorsal valve is less stiff than the ventral valves. Our results support the hypothesis that the interaction between the stiff dorsal valve portion and the more flexible S-shaped region co-determines the configurational tip changes required for steering the ovipositor in any desired direction along curved paths in the substrate. This provides novel insights in the understanding of steering mechanisms of the hymenopteran ovipositor, and for application in man-made probes. Summary: Stiffness gradients measured along the elements of a parasitic wasp ovipositor elucidate a possible steering mechanism used during probing.
Risk Perception, Self- Efficacy and Gender as Predictors of Adolescents’ Sexual Behaviour in Benue State, Nigeria

Adolescents’ sexual behaviour remains an interesting area of concern and study given the rates of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) and incidences of unintended pregnancies among adolescents in this present generation. As such, this research examined the relationship between risk perception, self – efficacy and gender as predictors of adolescents’ sexual behaviour in Benue State, Nigeria using a cross –sectional survey design. A total of 1177 in – school adolescents comprising of 430(36.5%) males and females, 747(63.5%) within the age range of 15 – 24 participated in the study. They were all in senior secondary category (SSS 1 – 3) from 10 schools in Otukpo Local Government Area of Benue State. Instruments used to collect data were the Sexual Risk Perception Questionnaire (SRPQ) by Shah, Thornton & Burgess (1997), the General Self – efficacy Scale by Jerusalem & Schwarzer (1993) and the Sexual Behaviour Questionnaire adopted from the Youth Risk Behaviour Scale (YRBS). All these three standardised instruments were previously validated on a sample of 298 participants in senior secondary school (SSS) from two secondary schools in Makurdi. Four hypotheses were formulated and tested using Linear Regression Analysis. Relationships between the independent variables on the dependent variables were measured to test predictability. A moderator variable was used to test moderating effects between the independent variables and the dependent variable. Results of the study revealed a significant positive relationship between risk perception and adolescents’ sexual behaviour; there was a statistically significant relationship between self – efficacy and adolescents’ sexual behaviour; and self – efficacy significantly predicted adolescents’ sexual behaviour. However, gender did not statistically predict adolescents’ sexual behaviour. The moderator variable, age at first sex tested statistically significant on risk perception and adolescents’ sexual behaviour. The findings were interpreted in line with literature earlier reviewed. It should be noted that adolescents’ sexual behaviour deserves research attention because it serves not only the interest of adolescents’ sexual and reproductive well – being but also it is a landmark in the appraisal of national and global development.
Quality of Antenatal Care at Urban and Rural Puskesmas (Public Health Center) in Jeneponto Regency

BACKGROUND: Increased coverage antenatal care (ANC) occurring in developing countries do not guarantee the success of the ANC, it is because a high rate of maternal and neonatal mortality associated with inadequate and poor quality of maternal care, including ANC. AIM: This study aimed to find out the differences in the quality of ANC in rural and urban primary health centers in Jeneponto Regency. METHODS: This research aims to determine the different quality of ANC at urban and rural puskesmas (public health center), Jeneponto regency. The type of the research was observational analysis with cross-sectional design. There were 139 fixed samples of rural and urban pregnant women visiting the puskesmas, from October 2015 to May 2016. The samples were selected using stratified random sampling method from two puskesmas of each area. RESULTS: The results indicate that 52.6% of ANC quality is categorized bad. There is different ANC quality based on body weight, the height of fundus uteri, and administration of Fe tablet (0.038, 0.029, and 0.006). There is no difference of antenatal quality based on body height, LILA, fetus’ heartbeat, fetus presentation, blood type and Hb, and immunization of TT (0.068, 0.501, 1.000, 1.000, 0.133, 0263, and 0530). Blood pressure is not analyzed. CONCLUSION: There are three components that show differences in rural and urban health centers, namely, weight measurement, fundal height measurement, and FE tablet administration. As for the components of height measurement, assessment of nutritional status (MUAC), fetal presentation, examination of fetal heart rate, administration of TT immunization, and examination of blood type and hemoglobin. The component of blood pressure measurement was not included in the statistical test because all respondents received the examination.
Targeting and hyperthermia of doxorubicin by the delivery of single-walled carbon nanotubes to EC-109 cells

A targeting and photothermal drug delivery system of doxorubicin (DOX) was successfully developed based on the AS1411 aptamer modified single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). In this study, DOX was efficiently loaded onto SWNTs (DOX-AS1411-SWNTs) with drug loading of 121% and released from DOX-AS1411-SWNTs in a pH-dependent manner. Internalization analysis demonstrated that the tertiary complex (DOX-AS1411-SWNTs) could transfer into the cell through the AS1411-mediated endocytosis in 2 h. Moreover, the cytotoxicity test of DOX-AS1411-SWNTs showed higher inhibition effect on EC-109 cells compared to DOX control group. Meanwhile, 808 nm near-infrared laser was used here for photothermal treatment, and AS1411-SWNTs were proved to have a strong efficacy on tumor hyperthermia. Furthermore, with a focus on the G2-M phase, we found DOX-AS1411-SWNTs capable of altering G2-M cell-cycle phase, owing to the hyperthermia and synergistic effect.
Consequences of Exits from Political Unions on Dividend Policy: The Case of Ethiopian Split

This paper examines the consequences of exits from political unions or the split of countries on dividend policy decision, taking the Ethiopian split as a practical case, considered as a major factor in the increase of political tension with Eritrea especially after the secession, that led to the increase in successive political conflicts and dispute over the past years till now. This paper studies the impacts of political conflicts that have been companied with split to this day especially during the period between 2010 and 2019, using a database of six companies from different sectors, from Ethiopia. The results show that the political conflicts such as split have a direct impact on the dividend policy.
Developmental expression and evolution of hexamerin and haemocyanin from Folsomia candida (Collembola)

Haemocyanins constitute a group of copper‐containing respiratory proteins, and hexamerins were derived from hexapod haemocyanin but lost the ability to transport oxygen and serve as storage proteins. Although hexamerins have been reported in most insect species, none of them has been identified in Collembola, one of the most primitive hexapod lineages, thereby preventing us from exploring relevant evolutionary scenarios regarding the origin and evolution of hexamerins in hexapods. Here we report on collembolan hexamerins for the first time, and investigated the temporal expression profiles of hexamerin and haemocyanin in the collembolan Folsomia candida. Haemocyanin was expressed over the entire life cycle, with higher expression at the embryonic stage than at other stages, whereas hexamerin expression was restricted to embryos, unlike insect hexamerins, which are generally expressed from larval to adult stages. A phylogenetic analysis and molecular clock estimation suggested that all investigated hexapod hexamerins have a single and ancient origin (~423 Ma), coincident with the rise of atmospheric oxygen levels in the Silurian–Devonian period, indicating a physiological link between molecular evolution and Palaeozoic oxygen changes.
Granular Prediction and Dynamic Scheduling Based on Adaptive Dynamic Programming for the Blast Furnace Gas System

A timely and effective scheduling of the byproduct gas system plays a pivotal role in realizing intelligent manufacturing and energy conservation in the steel industry. In order to realize real-time dynamic scheduling of the blast furnace gas (BFG) system, a granular prediction and dynamic scheduling process based on adaptive dynamic programming is proposed in this paper. To reflect the specificity of production reflected in the fluctuation of data, a series of information granules is constructed and described. In the dynamic scheduling phase, based on the granular feature description, a scheduling action network is established and further updates of information granules are realized. Considering a slow adjustment process and delay characteristics of the BFG system, the cumulative reward of the critic network is calculated on the basis of the data partition to construct a tendency attenuation-based cost function. In order to determine the future trends of the gas tank level that targets real-time determination of the scheduling moment, a reinforcement learning-based granulation and prediction process is also proposed. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed method, a number of comparative experiments are presented by using the practical industrial data. The results indicate that the proposed method exhibits high accuracy and can deliver an effective solution to justified scheduling of the BFG system.
ropical treatment wetlands dominated by free-floating acrophytes for water quality improvement in Costa Rica manda

Five tropical treatment wetlands dominated by floating aquatic plants and constructed to deal with a variety of wastewaters were compared for their effectiveness in treating organic matter and nutrients in the Parismina River Basin in eastern Costa Rica. Wastewaters were from a dairy farm, a dairy processing plant, a banana paper plant, and a landfill. Four of the five wetland systems were effective in reducing nutrient levels of effluents before water was discharged into rivers. Ammonia levels in water entering most wetlands were considerably higher than ambient (i.e., riverine) levels; concentrations were reduced by as much as 92% in the wetlands and retained at a maximum rate of 166 g N m−2 year−1. Nitrate nitrogen removal was variable, but occurred in low concentrations in the inflows (less than 1 mg N L−1). Phosphate phosphorus was present in high levels but was effectively reduced through the wetlands (92 and 45% reductions through dairy farm wetlands, 83% reduction through banana paper wetlands, and 80% reduction through dairy processing wetlands). Retention of phosphate phosphorus ranged from 0.1 to 10.7 g P m−2 year−1 in the treatment wetlands. Dissolved oxygen in the wetland outflows were ≤2 mg L−1 in three of the sampled wetlands, most likely a result of the abundant free-floating macrophytes that sheltered the water from diffusion and shaded aquatic productivity. The efficacy of these created wetlands to treat effluents from different sources varied, and modified wetland designs or active management may be necessary to improve water quality even further. Recommendations on tropical wetland design and management are presented, as are suggestions for implementing this ecological engineering approach with farmers in Central
A High‐Resolution Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope

A simple scanning transmission electron microscope has been built using a field‐emission electron source, a new electron gun, and one lens to produce a high‐contrast picture with 30 A resolution. The final spot size is limited by the properties of the lens, in the same manner as a conventional transmission microscope. The field‐emission tip requires a pressure below 10−9 Torr for stable operation and can have a lifetime of several months. The intensity of the source is such that high‐quality pictures can be obtained in 10 sec. Specimen contamination or damage is small, as would be expected in view of the good vacuum conditions. The theory and design of the instrument are discussed, and experimental results are shown.
Multilayered solar interface dynamos: from a Cartesian kinematic dynamo to a spherical dynamic dynamo

Abstract The existence of the solar tachocline, a thin differentially rotating layer at the base of the convection zone which is inferred from helioseismology, leads to the concept of an interface dynamo. The tachocline is magnetically coupled to the radiative interior and the overlying convection zone. A multilayered interface dynamo is required to describe the dynamo process involved. We first discuss a two-dimensional multilayered interface dynamo model in cartesian geometry consisting of four horizontal layers with different magnetic diffusivities magnetically coupled by the three sets of interface matching conditions for the generated magnetic field. Exact solutions of the coupled dynamo system are obtained in this model. We then discuss a fully three-dimensional and multi-layered spherical dynamic interface dynamo using a finite element method based on the three-dimensional tetrahedralization of the whole spherical system. The spherical dynamic interface dynamo also consists of four magnetically coupled zones. In the convection zone, the fully three-dimensional dynamic feedback of Lorentz forces is taken into account. It is shown that the dynamo is characterized by a strong toroidal magnetic field, selects dipolar symmetry and propagates equatorward.
Choice Experiments: identifying preferences or production functions?

This report presents an alternative perspective on how respondents consider choice experiment options. Building on the ‘new’ model of consumer demand by Stigler and Becker (1977), the report suggests that the attributes within choice experiments are not valued directly. Rather, they are used to generate higher-level improvement in the environment (‘constructs’). This implies that to achieve the environmental outcome, what are currently viewed as marginal utilities of attributes are in fact marginal utilities mixed with (subjective) marginal productivity of the attribute. The research report also proposes that hierarchical Information integration methods may allow separate identification of the utility and production functions, and the individual heterogeneity therein.
Effects of Non-Equilibrium Condensation on Deviation Angle and Performance Losses in Wet Steam Turbines

In this paper, effects of non-equilibrium condensation on deviation angle and performance losses of wet stages of steam turbines are investigated. The AUSM-van Leer hybrid scheme is used to solve the two-phase turbulent transonic steam flow around a turbine rotor tip section. The dominant solver of the computational domain is the non-diffusive AUSM scheme (1993), while a smooth transition from AUSM in regions with large gradients (e.g. in and around condensationand aerodynamic-shocks) to the diffusive scheme by van Leer (1979) guarantees a robust hybrid scheme throughout the domain. The steam is assumed to obey nonequilibrium thermodynamic model, in which abrupt formation of liquid droplets produces a condensation shock. To validate the results, the experimental data by Bakhtar et al. (1995) has been used. It is observed that as a result of condensation, the aerothermodymics of the flow field changes. For example for supersonic wet case with back pressure Pb=30 kPa, the deviation angle and total pressure loss coefficient change by 65% and 200%, respectively, with respect to that in dry case.
Adopt or Innovate: Understanding Technological Responses to Cap-and-Trade

One important motivation for creating cap-and-trade programs for carbon emissions is the expectation that they will stimulate much-needed low-carbon innovation. I construct a new panel of British firms to investigate this hypothesis, finding that the European carbon market has encouraged greater low-carbon patenting and R&D spending among regulated firms without necessarily driving short-term reductions in carbon intensity of output. This stands in contrast to past cap-and-trade programs, which have primarily spurred adoption of existing pollution control technologies, with little effect on innovation. I discuss how to reconcile these contrasting findings and implications for the future of carbon markets. (JEL D22, O32, O34, Q52, Q54, Q58)