Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Future Sea-Level Contribution from Antarctica: Projections of Solid Ice Discharge

Future sea level change has a strong impact on the livelihood of a large share of the world’s population. Sea-level projections are thus of great importance with respect to an assessment of necessary mitigation and adaptation measures. The major uncertainty in state-of-the-art projections lies within the evolution of the solid ice discharge from Antarctica, the largest ice mass on Earth. To understand the physical mechanisms underlying a change in solid ice discharge and to quantify the uncertainties in future projections of the sea-level contribution from Antarctica, we have developed the Potsdam Parallel Ice Sheet Model, PISM-PIK, which consistently represents the ice flow in sheet, shelves and the transition zone. In a dynamic equilibrium simulation of the Antarctic Ice Sheet under present-day boundary conditions the model is able to reproduce large-scale geometric properties and the full range of ice velocities observed in Antarctica, from almost zero near the ice divides to a few kilometers per year in ice streams. With PISM-PIK, I investigate solid ice discharge for the years 1850 to 2500 under climate scenarios based on the Extended Concentration Pathways. I show that the uncertainties of the regional temperature projections and from unknown ice parameters used in PISM-PIK are of similar importance throughout the simulations. The maximum dynamic ice loss from Antarctica caused solely by surface warming within the time-period from 1850 to 2500 is 0.58 m. Additional ocean warming and the resulting increase in sub-shelf melting lead to almost a doubling of sea-level rise until the year 2500. However, the largest contribution to solid ice discharge turns out to be caused by the projected increase in precipitation, tripling the overall ice loss. This is due to a precipitation-induced steepening of the surface gradients across the grounding line which results in an increase in driving stress along almost the entire coastline of Antarctica. PISM-PIK is able to reproduce the recently observed rate of solid ice loss from Antarctica, but only in later years of the 21 century. The acceleration observed for the years 1992 to 2009 is first reached around year 2077 of the highest emission scenario. The states of the ice-sheet associated with these years are similar in their geometric properties, with a mean difference in ice thickness of only a few meters. However, while the solid ice discharge is maximally 0.07 m within the 21 century, it amounts up to 0.24 m within the century succeeding 2077. Future dynamic ice loss from Antarctica thus crucially depends on the history of the ice-sheet. Following an alternative approach, I have derived a response function for solid ice discharge which also reflects this finding. This response function provides a relation between surface warming and the increase in outflow through softening of the ice. The resulting sea-level rise compares well with the model results from PISM-PIK on a centennial time-scale. The response function is of the form R(t) ∼ t, where the
Airborne Nanoparticles: Generation, Characterization, and Occupational Exposure

AIRBORNE NANOPARTICLES: GENERATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE BEHNOUSH YEGANEH TALAB Despite the rapid growth in nanotechnology, very little is known about the unintended health or environmental effects of manufactured nanomaterials. The development of nanotechnology risk assessments and regulations requires quantitative information on the potential for exposure to nanomaterials. In addition, to facilitate life-cycle assessments and inhalation toxicology studies, robust methods are needed to generate aerosolized engineered nanoparticles. We conducted a set of field studies to measure the fine particle mass concentrations (PM2.5) as well as nanoparticle number concentrations and size distributions in two nanomaterial manufacturing facilities. Measurements were performed near the reactor, in the breathing zone, and at a background site. Increases in PM2.5 and particle number concentrations were associated with physical handling of nanomaterials. The highest PM2.5 concentration observed was 2700 μg m during sweeping of the reactor in the commercial plant. In most cases, an increase in the number of sub-100 nm particles accounted for the increase in total number concentrations. The results of this research can be used to develop guidelines for workplace regulations to minimize workers’ exposure to nanoparticles.
Common non-seasonal viral infections after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Nous celebrons en 2013 la millionieme greffe de cellules souches hematopoietiques (HCT). Avec l’amelioration continue des resultats, les indications a la greffe continuent de croitre. En outre, les sources de cellules souches et le nombre donneurs potentiels pour un meme malade sont en expansion. Dans le meme temps, la modification des regimes de conditionnement avant la greffe a permis la mise au point de procedures plus sures, malgre l’augmentation de l’âge des patients et leurs comorbidites. Cependant, malgre ces progres, les infections virales restent frequentes chez les receveurs d’HCT et continuent d’etre une cause importante de morbidite et de mortalite. Le risque d’infection virale est probablement le plus eleve parmi les receveurs de greffe de sang de cordon, ou en cas de donneur-receveur dit « mismatch » et non-apparente. L’objectif de cette revue est de faire le point sur les virus non saisonniers courants qui affectent les receveurs d’HCT et synthetiser leur presentation clinique, les moyens de prevention, la surveillance a appliquer et les traitements permettant de reduire la morbidite evitable et la mortalite associees aux infections virales apres HCT.
IMPLICATIONS IN DEVELEOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES

In terms of the organization, the human capital theory and human resource management raises a number of issues, namely: human capital issues (they relate to attracting, maintaining, developing and rewarding human resources in order to create and maintain a skilled, dedicated and motivated personnel); issues related to the structural capital (with reference to the size and development of organizational structures that stimulate the processes of creating, capturing and sizing of knowledge); issues of organizational capital( those related to knowledge management). Therefore, organizational context, several questions arise: What knowledge do we have? What knowledge do we need now and in the future? How can we create an environment and a culture that encourages individual and organizational learning? How can we do so that both explicit and tacit knowledge to be captured stored and used judiciously? This paper focuses on human capital theory, but there will also be raised concepts associated to the human resources and knowledge management. Therefore, in this paper we try to identify ways in which human resources (HR) specialists can support the KM strategy to drive value within organisation, by revising the practices in order to ensure the knowledge focus.
Should every Patient with Heart Failure be Investigated for Sleep Apnea Syndrome

Should every Patient with Heart Failure be Investigated for Sleep Apnea Syndrome? The increasing interest in the field of sleep medicine during the whole twentieth century is principally due to the involvement of sleep-related disordered breathing (SDB) in cardiovascular disease. Disorders of a physiological phenomenon such as sleep lead to important changes in state of quiescence of the cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic systems during the night. Consequences of SDB (microawakening, sleep fragmentation, hypoxemia) represent important harmful triggers on the cardiovascular system, above all in patients suffering by inability of the heart to provide an adequate output such as for heart failure (HF) patients. SDB and HF may be related to each other in a bidirectional way from epidemiologic and physiopathologic point of view.
Le medicament du mois. Prasugrel (Efient): puissant inhibiteur de l'activation et de l'agregation plaquettaire de la classe des thienopyridines.

Le prasugrel (Efient ® ), une thienopyridine de troisieme generation, est une prodrogue qui, comme le clopidogrel, necessite une conversion en un metabolite actif avant de se lier aux recepteurs plaquettaires P2Y12, ce qui lui confere son activite d'antiagregant plaquettaire. Aux doses etudiees, l'inhibition de l'agregation plaquettaire induite par le prasugrel est plus rapide et plus importante que celle obtenue avec des doses standard ou plus elevees de clopidogrel. Le risque d'ischemie myocardique chez les patients presentant un syndrome coronaire aigu (SCA) peut etre reduit par le biais de l'inhibition plaquettaire. La bitherapie antiplaquettaire par aspirine et clopidogrel est devenue la pierre angulaire du traitement pour prevenir les complications thrombotiques des SCA ou secondaires a une intervention coronaire percutanee. Chez les patients atteints d'un SCA etudies dans l'essai TRITON-TIMI 38, le traitement par prasugrel est associe a une reduction significative des evenements ischemiques, y compris la thrombose de stent, mais avec un risque accru de saignements majeurs. Cette reduction est plus marquee chez les patients diabetiques. En Belgique, Efient ® est actuellement rembourse pendant 1 an en association avec l'aspirine pour la prevention des evenements atherothrombotiques chez les patients avec un SCA traites par une intervention coronaire percutanee et qui se trouvent dans au moins une des categories suivantes: revascularisation immediate pour infarctus avec sus-decalage du segment ST, thrombose de stent malgre un traitement par clopidogrel, ou en cas de diabete.
The Use of Management Control Systems to Formulate and Implement CSR Strategy: A Levers of Control Perspective

Little is known about the role of management control systems (MCS) in managing the strategic processes that underpin Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). To enhance our understanding of this phenomenon, this study employs Simons’ (1995) levers of control framework to explore how organizations leverage MCS in different ways in order to drive strategic renewal and trigger organizational change while simultaneously supporting society’s broader sustainability agenda. Drawing on data gathered from France’s largest listed companies – members of the CAC 40 – we provide insights into the structures and processes that companies employ to design, implement and monitor their CSR strategy. In doing so, we provide evidence of the way that organisations seek to attain their CSR objectives, and of the relationship between the management of CSR and other business processes. Of particular interest is the role of the levers of control in enabling managers to identify and manage threats and opportunities associated with CSR strategy, thus forming risk management processes that support organisations in their attainment of strategic objectives. Furthermore, the study provides evidence suggesting the use of MCS has the potential to contribute to society’s broader sustainability agenda through processes that enable innovation, communication, reporting, and the identification of threats and opportunities.
The role of the critical care nurse in the implementation of an antimicrobial stewardship programme in a resource-limited country

Antimicrobial resistance has become a major public health threat and is particularly a problem in lowto middle-income countries (LMICs) where there is a high burden of infectious diseases. The implementation of an antimicrobial stewardship programme (AMS) is essential to reduce the development of resistance. However, adequate resources are often a problem, hence the necessity to investigate the availability of alternative, more cost-effective solutions. Including nurses in antimicrobial stewardship teams can add value due to the fact that nurses are in an ideal position to monitor the duration of antimicrobial treatment. Furthermore, nurses are responsible for the administration of medication and the collection of appropriate specimens and are primarily responsible for the care of the patient. The objectives of this study were to examine the role of the critical care nurse in the implementation of an antimicrobial stewardship programme in LMICs and to identify interventions where the critical care nurse plays a significant role as part of the AMS team. A preand post-intervention interventional study design was followed where various interventions were implemented to establish which of these interventions can be implemented successfully by nurses with a meaningful impact on an AMS programme. The study found that nurses can play an important role in the implementation of an AMS programme and that they are a cost-efficient resource. Nurses should be an essential part of an AMS team. Additional training about AMS and infection prevention and control (IPC) is necessary and the training should be directed at the team; including nurses, doctors and pharmacists.
The physiological basis for thermal comfort in different climates; a preliminary study

Thermal comfort is very important for optimal functioning of humans. It gives information about the thermal state of the body, by which the human body can take physiological measures or the human can take behavioural measures to maintain thermal control. This will be the base of this study. Thermal comfort is sensed by warm and cold receptors in the skin, but also in deeper structures of the body. Pain receptors play a role in the detection of extreme cold and heat. The hypothalamus is the regulation and detection centre of temperature in the body, receiving afferent information of the receptors and sending efferent information to the effectors by which the body controls its temperature. Thermal comfort is determined by the temperature, pain and comfort sensations of the body. Also the experience of humidity can influence the comfort feelings. A problem in the study of comfort is the large diversity of the subjective scales used, which makes it difficult to compare the developed models. The goal of this study however is to make an inventory of most commonly used models and to judge them on useability for the existing thermoregulatory models. Local sensations are described as power functions based on psycho-physical functions and global sensations are described as linear functions. The most important dependent variables in global thermal comfort are core temperature, temperature of the extremities and temperature of the environment. In local thermal comfort and pain, temperature of the skin is most important. Humidity sensation of the skin is determined by temperature of the core, sweat production and local relative humidity of the skin.
PINCETTE - Validating changes and upgrades in networked software

PINCETTE is a STREP project under the European Community's 7th Framework Programme [FP7/2007–2013]. The project focuses on detecting failures resulting from software changes, thus improving the reliability of networked software systems. The goal of the project is to produce technology for efficient and scalable verification of complex evolving networked software systems, based on integration of static and dynamic analysis and verification algorithms, and the accompanying methodology. The resulting technology will also provide quality metrics to measure the thoroughness of verification. The PINCETTE consortium is composed of the following partners: IBM Israel, University of Oxford, Universita della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Universita degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca (UniMiB), Technical Research Center of Finland (VTT), ABB, and Israeli Aerospace Industries (IAI).
DEVELOPMENT OF SPATIAL REASONING IN YOUNG CHILDREN by SARAH ELIZABETH CUMMINS-SEBREE (Under the Direction of Dorothy M. Fragaszy)

Spatial reasoning is the ability to know how objects are distributed and can move through space. Researchers who study this development have disagreed on when these skills are evident, possibly due to differing task presentations and behavioral requirements in these studies. This study was designed to test which of two theories provides a better explanation of the development of spatial reasoning in young children: the core knowledge hypothesis and an ecological approach. I presented 24-, 34-, and 44month-old children a single task that required different behavioral responses based on a three-process (recognition, production, and prediction) spatial reasoning model grounded in Gibsonian ecological theory. In this task, I presented a box containing 1-3 vertical and diagonal translucent tubes leading to opaque containers to the children. Children were required to give three different behavioral responses: a) find a dropped ball after it had fallen through a tube (recognition), b) put a ball into the tube that led to a selected container (production), and c) indicate the end-point of a ball before it was dropped into a tube (prediction). Older children chose correctly more often than younger children for all tasks. No main effect for task presentation order was found (i.e., being able to produce the actions did not lead to better predictive performance). Multiple interactions indicated that differences in performance across tasks were due in part to age, gender, task presentation order, and the number of tubes presented. In addition, children who used a finger to trace the path of a tube in at least one trial during testing made more correct prediction choices than those who never traced tube paths. These findings suggest that producing strategic actions during these tasks facilitates the development of spatial reasoning in young children.
Original Article

Mass media gossip is interesting to many people, as evidenced by the proliferation of gossip magazines and gossip television shows. Despite its popularity, there has been little research into the evolutionary underpinnings of why gossip contains particular topics. Furthermore, no one has provided input to those working in gossip-based media. Therefore, we begin by defining and explaining mass media gossip using an evolutionary, biosocial perspective. To demonstrate that the media workers may benefit from relying on knowledge of evolved human nature in their work, we conducted a study. We examined the content of three successful tabloids, using a list of evolutionary-based topics created a priori. The results indicate that tabloids reflect fitness-relevant topics that were important throughout our evolutionary past. The tabloids equally represent both sexes, and while they mostly concentrate on entertainers and royalty, they do pay some attention to unknown individuals. By correlating who and what is gossiped about, we found celebrities are more often the subjects of stories involving wealth, while unknown individuals are almost always gossiped about within the context of life-threatening events. We use our study to provide guidelines for those working in media, which will hopefully enable their work to obtain maximum audience interest.
IntestInal metaplasIa of bladder mucosa In combInatIon wIth peutz Jeghers syndrome IntestInální metaplazIe slIznIce močového měchýře a peutz Jeghersův syndrom

Intestinalni metaplazie sliznice mocoveho měchýře patři mezi vzacněji se vyskytujici leze, někdy považovane za prekancerozu. Uvadime připad pacienta s těmito dvěma diagnozami, průběh onemocněni a siřeji problematiku diskutujeme.
Manipulation of Energy Availability for Milk Synthesis in Early to Mid Lactation Holstein Cows Fed Monensin

Various dosages (0, 150, 300, 450 mg/d) of monensin supplementation were fed to two Holstein cows (trial #1). Changes were recorded in most of the economically important parameter after the initial (150 mg) level was fed. Milk yield increased 6.3%, while fat content and yield decreased 8.6% and 2.8%, respectively. Protein yield decreased 14.9% in early lactation due to monensin and did not change with monensin supplementation in late lactation. As a result of trial #1, four of eight Holsteins at peak lactation (35.6 d postpartum) were supplemented with 200 mg/d of monensin for 3 wk. Net results of monensin supplementation (average of 150 to 450 mg level) include: +7.4% milk yield, +3.6% fat corrected milk, -8.5% fat content, -1.1% fat yield, +0.2% protein content, and + 10.1% protein yield. Dry matter intake decreased 1.8%, while feed efficiency increased 5.7%. Milk fatty acid composition and plasma lipoprotein lipase changes reflected stage of lactation shifts and were not effected by monensin in either trial. Ruminal propionate and isobutyrate increased (16.4%, 11.1%, 10.7%, and 8.1% in exp. 1 and 2, respectively) with monensin supplementation. Mastectomies were performed on eleven beef cows to determine the mammary gland's contribution to homeorhesis during parturition. Fourteen normal beef cows served as controls (C). Plasma glucose tended to increase to a peak earlier in the mastectomized (M) group, and did not decline to prepartal levels as soon as C. Higher glucose levels in M resulted from higher glucagon levels before calving, and caused increased insulin levels after calving. Plasma Cortisol was elevated in M throughout the trial, with inconsistent surges -4 to 5 d from calving in both groups. This suggests that the surges are stress related responses of parturition. Thyroid hormones followed similar patterns between M and C, but the peak associated with parturition was delayed 1 to 3 d in M. This indicates that the mammary gland has a secondary effect on the timing of thyroid hormone release. A plasma prolactin surge at parturition was recorded in both groups and decreased to below prepartal levels in M and C. Mammary lipoprotein lipase activity drastically increased 1 d prepartum and peaked 2 wk postpartum in C, while M remained at undetectable levels after calving. Mammary lipase is independent of direct hormonal control. Adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase declined as a result of parturition in M, indicating peripartal hormonal control. Adipose tissue lipase activity began increasing from minimal levels 3 wk after calving as a result of increased dietary energy intake.
Interactive comment on “Effects of Arctic stratospheric ozone changes on spring precipitation in the northwestern United States” by Xuan Ma et al

This study examines the relationship between springtime Arctic lower stratospheric ozone concentrations and precipitation anomalies over the northwestern United States (Washington and Oregon). Using observations and WACCM model simulations (with various prescriptions of ozone and SSTs), the authors link Arctic lower stratospheric ozone depletion to precipitation increases over the northwestern United States. Their model simulations indicate that prescribing both the ozone and SSTs is necessary to recover the observed relationship in the model.
Secure Distributed Deduplication Systems with Improved Reliability

De-duplication is one of the most recent advances in the present business sector since it has capacity to diminish costs. Information deduplication method is one of the essential information pressure systems for wiping out excess duplicates. Distributed information duplication framework is utilized as a part of distributed storage to diminish memory space and transfer transmission capacity stand out duplicate for every record put away in cloud regardless of the possibility that that document can be utilized by number of clients. Fundamental reason for this paper is to makes the primary endeavor to formalize circulated dependable deduplication framework. In this framework information pieces are appropriated over different servers. In disseminated stockpiling frameworks, rather than united encryption as utilized as a part of past deduplication frameworks security necessities of information label consistency and classification are accomplished by utilizing a deterministic mystery sharing plan. Security analysis exhibit that our plan is secure regarding the definitions indicated in the proposed security model.