Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microcolinearity between the grain protein content QTL region in wheat chromosome arm 6 BS and rice chromosome 2

The conservation of the linear order (colinearity) of genetic markers along large chromosome segments in wheat and rice is well established, but less is known at the molecular level (microcolinearity). Previous comparative maps between these two species revealed conserved linkage between rice chromosome 2 and wheat chromosome 6. As part of our efforts to identify a locus affecting Grain Protein Content (GPC) using a positional cloning approach, we established the microcolinearity between a region on wheat chromosome 6BS, including the GPC locus, and 20.4 cM on rice chromosome 2. Blast analysis of the rice BAC sequences covering the colinear GPC region against the Triticeae EST database revealed several sequences that were used as markers in the wheat genetic map. Using this approach we mapped eleven colinear genes between wheat and rice in this region. The closest markers flanking the GPC locus were mapped 0.9 cM apart in wheat and 100-kb apart in rice. Further work is underway to complete the mapping of additional wheat ESTs identified within the 100-kb rice sequence and to construct a physical map using a tetraploid wheat BAC library that contains a T. dicoccoides 6BS chromosome segment carrying the high GPC locus (http://agronomy.ucdavis.edu/ Dubcovsky/BAC-library/BAC_Langdon.htm). These results demonstrated a high level of microcolinearity between rice and wheat in the GPC region.
Reducing the likelihood of falls in older people.

BACKGROUND Falls are a serious health concern for older people and an important issue for nurses. Many factors contribute to the causes of falls. Various combinations of these factors have been incorporated in the fall assessment tools developed so far, but no single tool has been adopted universally. Institutions tend to develop their own assessment tools, which are investigated in these institutions only, and thus have not been independently evaluated for validity and reliability. CONCLUSION A thorough patient assessment is a vital measure in fall prevention. Nurses, particularly those based in hospitals, have a pivotal role in developing fall prevention strategies, either individually or as part of an interdisciplinary team. Fall prevention strategies have the potential to improve the quality of life for at-risk older patients and their families, as well as provide economic benefits to society.
Variability of Bio-optical Factors Influencing the Seasonal Attenuation of Ultraviolet Radiation in Temperate Coastal Waters of Japan¶

Abstract The study identifies the relative contribution of various bio-optical factors to the total attenuation of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) wavelengths and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in temperate coastal waters of Japan by surveying the physical properties of the water column, UVR and PAR penetration, and the absorption characteristics of dissolved and particulate material. Spectral absorbance properties of pigment (aph), detritus (ad) and chromophoric dissolved organic material (aCDOM) displayed both seasonal and wavelength specific variability. On an annual basis, absorbance by aCDOM was the highest absorbing fraction (47–59%) for the UVR wavelengths measured (305, 320, 340 and 380 nm) but decreased (32%) at 450 nm. Contribution of pigments to total absorbance was highest (40–60%) during a spring bloom for both UVR and PAR. A large variability (C.V. > 42%) for annual average attenuation coefficients (Kd[λ]) at respective wavelengths observed suggests that the spectral composition of the water column changes throughout the year in this region. A significant relationship was observed between Kd(λ) and aCDOM at 305, 320, 340 and 380 nm only (P < 0.01) but not for 450 nm (PAR) indicating the role of CDOM in regulating variations in Kd(λ), particularly in the UVR range. The slope S, obtained from a natural-log plot of the absorption coefficient of CDOM against wavelength, ranged between 0.014 and 0.036 nm−1 annually (average = 0.020±0.007, C.V. = 35%) and suggests seasonal changes in the origin of CDOM between terrestrial (low S) and biogenous (high S) CDOM.
Survey on Urinary Tract Infection Associated with Diabetes Mellitus

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) remains a common infection diagnosed in outpatients as well as in hospitalized patients. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are important for diabetic patients as high glucose in the urine makes rich proliferation of bacteria. Thus, a prospective study was carried out to know the risk of urinary tract infection and diabetic mellitus in patients attending Government hospital, Thuraiyur (TK), Trichy (DT), Tamil Nadu from October 2013 to March 2014. Presence of albumin in urine samples were tested using Sulphosalicylic Acid (SSA reagent) precipitation method to find UTI in patients. Dip stick method was used to diagnose DM from urine sample. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. In this study, among 135 urine samples, 76.3% of samples were urinary tract infected, 23.7% were DM and 6.8% were UTI associated with DM. Analysis of results showed a prevalence of UTI and DM in male than the female during the study period.
Effects of storage time and temperature on pH, specific gravity, and crystal formation in urine samples from dogs and cats.

OBJECTIVE To determine effects of storage temperature and time on pH and specific gravity of and number and size of crystals in urine samples from dogs and cats. DESIGN Randomized complete block design. ANIMALS 31 dogs and 8 cats. PROCEDURE Aliquots of each urine sample were analyzed within 60 minutes of collection or after storage at room or refrigeration temperatures (20 vs 6 degrees C [68 vs 43 degrees F]) for 6 or 24 hours. RESULTS Crystals formed in samples from 11 of 39 (28%) animals. Calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals formed in vitro in samples from 1 cat and 8 dogs. Magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) crystals formed in vitro in samples from 2 dogs. Compared with aliquots stored at room temperature, refrigeration increased the number and size of crystals that formed in vitro; however, the increase in number and size of MAP crystals in stored urine samples was not significant. Increased storage time and decreased storage temperature were associated with a significant increase in number of CaOx crystals formed. Greater numbers of crystals formed in urine aliquots stored for 24 hours than in aliquots stored for 6 hours. Storage time and temperature did not have a significant effect on pH or specific gravity. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Urine samples should be analyzed within 60 minutes of collection to minimize temperature- and time-dependent effects on in vitro crystal formation. Presence of crystals observed in stored samples should be validated by reevaluation of fresh urine.
Phase Change and the Regulation of Developmental Timing in Plants

Plants produce different types of organs at different times in shoot development. Along with the major changes in organ morphology that take place during developmental transitions, more gradual patterns of variation occur. The identity of organs produced at a particular position on the shoot is determined by interactions between several independently regulated, temporally coordinated processes. Two of these processes are organ production and the specification of organ identity. Coordination of these processes is accomplished in part by a thermal clock and by signal transduction pathways that mediate the response of plants to light.
Removal by white cell‐reduction filters of activated platelets expressing CD62

White cell (WBC)‐reduction filters that remove more than 99 percent of the WBCs from platelet concentrates are rapidly being introduced into routine use. Using activation‐dependent monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry, platelet activation was evaluated before and after WBC reduction in 10 platelet concentrates prepared manually from whole blood obtained from five male and five female regular volunteer blood donors. In general no significant increases were found in platelet activation markers after WBC reduction using filters. However, if platelets were activated during preparation, increased numbers of platelets were found expressing the activation marker CD62, and this correlated with the decrease in the platelet count after WBC reduction. These observations may explain increased platelet loss following WBC reduction in some platelet components.
25-Year Experience in the Management of Invasive Bladder Cancer by Radical Cystectomy

From July 1971 through December 1996 more than 1,300 patients have undergone pelvic lymph node disseclymph nodes is 29%. Survival of node-positive patients depends on the primary pathologic stage within the bladtion with en bloc radical cystectomy with some form of urinary diversion with the intent to cure invasive bladder der and on the number of positive nodes. For patients whose primary bladder cancer is organ confined (P1– cancer. The surgeons performing this procedure have utilized a standard surgical technique throughout the period P3A) the 5-year survival for node-positive patients is 50% compared to an 18% 5-year survival for those node-posiincluding a bilateral pelvic iliac lymph node dissection. The only variables in management were the use of hightive patients whose primary bladder cancer shows extravesical extension (P3B–P4) [2]. dose short-course pre-operative radiation therapy from 1971 to 1978 and adjuvant chemotherapy in selected pa(3) An aggressive surgical approach can be advocated for appropriate elderly patients. The overall peri-operative tients from 1978 to the present. Urinary diversion utilized an ileal conduit as standard from 1971 to 1982; a contimortality for patients 70 years old or more was 2.8% (3.2% for 70–79, 0% for 80 years and older) compared nent cutaneous internal reservoir from 1982 to 1986 in men and until 1990 in women. Since 1986 in men and to 2.0% for patients under 70 years. The early complication rate for patients 70 years and older was 32% com1990 in women an orthotopic ileal reservoir for lower urinary tract reconstruction has been the preferred pared to a 25% early complication rate for patients less than 70 years. Patients 80 years and over had a similar method of diversion. The clinical charts, pathologic reports and long-term complication rate of 29%. The 3and 5-year overall survival rates for patients 70 years and older was 60 and follow-up have been carefully reviewed with data computerized for multivariant analysis. A summary of this 53%, respectively, compared to 68 and 63%, respectively, in patients under 70 years of age. There was no statistical experience will be presented. Conclusions from the data base analysis are as follows. difference between the groups when comparing disease recurrence (p>0.3627). The 5-year recurrence rate for (1) There is no significant difference in time to recurrence or overall survival stage for stage for 100 patients patients 70 years and older was 35%, compared to a 5year recurrence of 31% in patients under 70 years of age receiving pre-operative radiation therapy from 1971 to 1978 compared to 197 patients undergoing radical cystec[3]. (4) Adjuvant postoperative chemotherapy signifitomy alone from 1978 to 1985 and not receiving adjuvant chemotherapy [1]. There is no difference in the incidence cantly prolongs the time to recurrence and overall survival for patients with P3 or greater disease compared to surof pelvic recurrence amongst the 2 groups.
Positron-annihilation spectroscopy of native vacancies in as-grown GaAs.

Native vacancy defects are studied in as-grown GaAs materials by positron-lifetime measurements. Direct evidence of native monovacancy-type defects is found in as-grown n-type Te-, Sn-, and Si-doped GaAs. However, the same evidence is not found in as-grown semi-insulating In- or Cr-doped GaAs or semi-insulating undoped GaAs or p-type GaAs(Zn). It is shown that the positron trapping and annihilation in the native defects are strongly dependent on the position of the Fermi level in as-grown n-type GaAs. It is concluded that the configurations of the native monovacancy defects in GaAs (Te or Sn) change with the position of Fermi level. Two Fermi-level-controlled transitions are found: one is located at 0.035\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.015 eV and the other at 0.10\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02 eV below the conduction band. It is proposed that the two transitions correspond to two charge-state transitions of the arsenic vacancy ${V}_{\mathrm{As}{}^{2\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{V}_{\mathrm{As}{}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}}}$ and ${V}_{\mathrm{As}{}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{V}_{\mathrm{As}{}^{0}}}$, respectively.
Selection of the Germinal Micronucleus in Paramecium caudatum: Nuclear Division and Nuclear Death

ABSTRACT. Each cell of Paramecium caudatum has a germinal micronucleus. When a bi‐micronucleate state was created artificially by micronuclear transplantation, both micronuclei divided for at least 2 cell cycles after nuclear transplantation. However, this bi‐micronucleate state was unstable and reduced to a uni‐micronucleate state after several fissions. Although the number of micronuclei was usually 1 during the vegetative phase, 4 presumptive micronuclei differentiated after conjugation. At the first post‐conjugational fission, only 1 of the 4 micronuclei divided, indicating that there is tight regulation of micronuclear number in exconjugants. Micronuclei that did not divide at the first post‐conjugational fission may persist through the first and second post‐conjugational cell cycles. The decision to divide appears to be separate from the decision to degenerate, as evidenced by division of a remaining micronucleus upon removal of the dividing micronucleus at the first division. Degeneration of micronuclei in exconjugants differs from that of haploid nuclei after meiosis. Nutritional state affected micronuclear degeneration. Under well‐fed conditions, the micronuclei destined to degenerate lost the ability to divide earlier than after starvation treatment, suggesting that micronuclear degeneration is an “apoptotic” phenomenon, probably under the control of the new macronuclei (macronuclear anlagen).
Vanishing point calculation as a statistical inference on the unit sphere

An examination is made of vanishing point calculation as a statistical estimation problem. It is assumed that image line segments have been previously clustered into groups of convergent lines. For each group, the vanishing point location is estimated as the polar axis of an equatorial distribution on the unit sphere, and the statistical error of the estimate is determined. The sensitivity of the estimates to the number of lines in a convergent cluster is studied. <<ETX>>
Canonical Wnt signaling modulates Tbx1, Eya1, and Six1 expression, restricting neurogenesis in the otic vesicle

To understand the mechanism by which canonical Wnt signaling sets boundaries for pattern formation in the otic vesicle (OV), we examined Tbx1 and Eya1‐Six1 downstream of activated β‐catenin. Tbx1, the gene for velo‐cardio‐facial syndrome/DiGeorge syndrome (VCFS/DGS), is essential for inner ear development where it promotes Bmp4 and Otx1 expression and restricts neurogenesis. Using floxed β‐catenin gain‐of‐function (GOF) and loss‐of‐function (LOF) alleles, we found Tbx1 expression was down‐regulated and maintained/enhanced in the two mouse mutants, respectively. Bmp4 was ectopically expressed and Otx1 was lost in β‐catenin GOF mutants. Normally, inactivation of Tbx1 causes expanded neurogenesis, but expression of NeuroD was down‐regulated in β‐catenin GOF mutants. To explain this paradox, Eya1 and Six1, genes for branchio‐oto‐renal (BOR) syndrome were down‐regulated in the OV of β‐catenin GOF mutants independently of Tbx1. Overall, this work helps explain the mechanism by which Wnt signaling modulates transcription factors required for neurogenesis and patterning of the OV. Developmental Dynamics 239:1708–1722, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hyperuricemia in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure in the General Hospital of National Reference of N’Djamena (Chad)

Introduction: Hyperuricemia is defined as a level of serum uric acid greater than or equal to 70 mg/l (420 μmol/l) in men and 60 mg/l (360 μmol/l) in women. Several studies have shown that it is a risk factor or a factor of progression of chronic kidney disease. Recent experimental and epidemiological data correlate the association of hyperuricemia with chronic kidney disease (CKD), arterial hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, thus raising the question of the usefulness of therapeutics in the prevention of renal diseases. The objective of this study is to seek a link between chronic kidney disease and hyperuricemia. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive and analytical study conducted at hemodialysis unit and cardiology service of General Hospital of National reference of N’Djamena (Chad) from 1th January to 1th October 2013 (10 months). We included all chronic kidney disease patients hospitalized in hemodialysis unit and cardiology service who presented associated hyperuricemia. Results: There were 712 CKD patients who were hospitalized. Among them, there were 108 patients who were included in the study and who had hyperuricemia as a prevalence of 15.20%. The average age of patients was 35.5 years and the sex ratio was 3/1. The age group between 40 to 60 years represented 54.6%. There were 41.7% of traders. Hypertensive patients accounted for 49.1%; association of diabetes and hypertension was noted in 12.90%. Renal insufficiency was moderate in 43.5% of patients. Hyperuricemia was present in more than 90% of patients. Profession, age, hematuria, proteinuria and hypertension were statistically positively related to hyperuricemia. Treatment consisted of prescribing allopurinol in 84% of patients. In more than 11% of patients the progression was unfavorable. Conclusion: The implication of hyperuricemia in chronic kidney disease has been proved in several recent studies. However, randomized studies at very long scales have to be carried out to conclude from its real impact on the prevention and treatment of chronic kidney disease.
Fuzzy clustering of structured data: Some preliminary results

In recent years, the field of Machine Learning is showing great interest towards the processing of structured data, such as sequences, trees and graphs. In this paper an unsupervised recursive learning schema for structured data clustering is introduced. The schema allows to process data organized in graphs for both graph-focused and node-focused applications. The approach uses the Fuzzy C-Means algorithm as building block. Some experiments are proposed to show its performances and to compare it with another approach known in literature.
Patterning of the lateral ganglionic eminence by the Gsh1 and Gsh2 homeobox genes regulates striatal and olfactory bulb histogenesis and the growth of axons through the basal ganglia

The function of the Gsh1 and Gsh2 homeobox transcription factors during development of the mouse telencephalon was studied using loss of function mutations. No telencephalic phenotype was observed in Gsh1 mutants, whereas Gsh2 and Gsh1/2 mutants showed progressively more severe defects in development of neurons derived from the lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE). These defects arise from abnormal dorsoventral specification of LGE progenitor cells. Mice lacking both Gsh1 and Gsh2 have severe hypoplasia of the striatum, olfactory tubercle, and interneurons that migrate from the dorsal LGE to the olfactory bulb. In addition, Gsh function is linked to the development of telencephalic dopaminergic neurons. These observations show that Gsh1 and Gsh2 have early roles in defining the identity of LGE progenitor cells. As a result of the basal ganglia defects in the Gsh1/2 mutants, there are pallial heterotopia near the cortical/subcortical limit and defects in the pathfinding of corticofugal and thalamocortical fibers. These findings highlight the developmental interdependence of adjacent telencephalic structures. J. Comp. Neurol. 461:151–165, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Visual hash for oblivious watermarking

Digital watermarks have recently been proposed for authentication and fingerprinting of both video data and still images and for integrity verification of visual multimedia. In such applications, the watermark must be oblivious and has to depend on a secret key and on the original image. It is important that the dependence on the key be sensitive, while the dependence on the image be continuous (robust). Both requirements can be satisfied using special image digest (hash) functions that return the same bit-string for whole class of images derived from an original image using common processing operations including rotation and scaling. It is further required that two completely different images produce completely different bit-strings. In this paper, we extend our previous work on robust image digest functions describing ideas how to make the hash function independent of image orientation and size. The robust image digest can be clearly utilized for other applications, such as a search index for an efficient image database search.
Variability of oxidative stress biomarkers in hemodialysis patients

Abstract Oxidative stress biomarkers may have a role in the future to assist clinical decisions regarding the use of antioxidant therapies and their efficacy. The aims of this study were to evaluate the within and between-individual variability of plasma oxidative stress biomarkers and investigate factors affecting their variability. Plasma F2-isoprostanes and protein carbonyls were measured in 14 hemodialysis patients every 2 weeks for 10 weeks. Within-individual coefficients of variation (CVs) were isoprostanes = 30.4% (range = 6.1–66.7%) and protein carbonyls = 16.3% (8.4–29.5%). Between-individual CVs were isoprostanes = 34.4% (28.9–40.2%) and protein carbonyls = 19.5% (15.6–24.5%). There were no significant (p > 0.05) relationships between the oxidative stress biomarkers and dietary antioxidant intake, medications, clinical and demographic parameters.