Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design of grounding system for wind-photovoltaic-energy storage Hybrid power station

Based on the Chinese demonstration project of Zhangbei wind-photovoltaic-energy storage (W-PV-ES) hybrid generation, which is the world's biggest and Chinese first new energy utilization platform, the design of grounding system for W-PV-ES Hybrid power station was studied in this paper. Firstly according to the soil resistivity of that power station, measured by the Wenner four-electrode method, the soil constitution, that is three-level layer in summer and is four-level layer including an 1.5m high and 2000Ω·m permafrost in winter, was got, and grounding grid models of W-PV-ES hybrid generation was studied. Then grounding system of that W-PV-ES station was designed, that was the single wind turbine uses concentric bicyclic earth electrode, whose radius are 7m and 10m, and the PV-ES power station uses one horizontal earth electrode every 10m in one direction, every 50m in another direction, and there are 2.5m long vertical grounding rods every 10m around the PV-ES station. For the substation, we adopt the horizontal grounding grid with a 10m interval between conductors and 0.8m burial depth. On the condition that earth current is 10KA, the earth's surface potential, contact potential, and step potential were simulated. After that safety of 35kV system and secondary system were analyzed, when there was short trouble. Finally influence on earth resistance by different grounding materials was studied, galvanized flat steel and copper material was presented as two kinds of selection schemes of grounding materials for considering economic considerations.
Efficient Bug Prediction and Fix Suggestions

Bugs are a well known Achilles' heel of software development. In the last few years, machine learning techniques to combat software bugs have become popular. However, results of these techniques are not good enough for practical adoption. In addition, most techniques do not provide reasons for why a code change is a bug. Furthermore, suggestions to fix the bug would be greatly beneficial. An added bonus would be engaging humans to improve the bug and fix prediction process. In this dissertation, a step-by-step procedure which effectively predicts buggy code changes (Bug Prognosticator), produces bug fix suggestions (Fix Suggester), and utilizes human feedback is presented. Each of these steps can be used independently, but combining them allows more effective management of bugs. These techniques are tested on many open source and a large commercial project. Human feedback was used to understand and improve the performance of the techniques. Feedback was primarily gathered from industry participants in order to assess practical suitability. The Bug Prognosticator explores feature selection techniques and classifiers to improve results of code change bug prediction. The optimized Bug Prognosticator is able to achieve an average 97% precision and 70% recall when evaluated on eleven projects, ten open source and one commercial. The Fix Suggester uses the Bug Prognosticator and statistical analysis of keyword term frequencies to suggest unordered fix keywords to a code change predicted to be buggy. The suggestions are validated against actual bug fixes to confirm their utility. The Fix Suggester is able to achieve 46.9% precision and 38.9% recall on its predicted fix tokens. This is a reasonable start to the difficult problem of predicting the contents of a bug fix. To improve the efficiency of the Bug Prognosticator and the Fix Suggester, active learning is employed on willing human participants. Developers aid the Bug Prognosticator and the Fix Suggester on code changes that machines find hard to evaluate. The developer's feedback is used to enhance the performance of the Bug Prognosticator and the Fix Suggester. In addition, a user study is performed to gauge the utility of the Fix Suggester. The dissertation concludes with a discussion of future work and challenges faced by the techniques. Given the success of statistical defect prediction techniques, more industrial exposure would benefit researchers and software practitioners.
[Patient - related risk factors for infected total arthroplasty].

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY To analyse risk factors for the development of prosthetic infection after total joint arthroplasty in our group of patients, and to contribute to the understanding of conditions leading to infection and, consequently, to its eliminations. MATERIAL We assessed a group of 196 patients who were treated for deep infection of total hip or knee arthroplasty at our department between 1990 and 2006. The group was compared with a group of 400 randomly selected patients who, in the same period, underwent total hip or knee arthroplasty and were free from infectious complications. METHODS Several factors considered to be associated with a potential risk for the development of prosthetic infection were selected and the frequency of their occurrence in the two groups (infected and non-infected) was assessed. When the rate o its occurrence in the infected group was higher than five-times that in the non-infected group, the factor was regarded as significant. When its occurrence was less frequent, the factor was considered less important for the development of prosthesis infection. RESULTS The following factors were shown to be significant (the figure in brackets denotes the difference in frequency between the infected and the non-infected group): * Body mass index lower than 20 (6.5) or higher than 60 (5.1) * Diabetes mellitus on insulin therapy (5.3) * Chronic renal insufficiency in the patient's medical history (5.6) * Urinary tract infection in the patient's history (7.8) * Immunological deficiency in the patient's history (6.1) * Alcohol abuse (8.2) and serious psychiatric disease (5.1) in the patient's history * Surgery involving post-traumatic or traumatic tissues (6.3) * Presence of erysipelas (28.6) and varicose ulcer (8.8) on the leg operated on * Presence of osteomyelitis and articular infection in the region of implantation In each patient, accumulation of factors was assessed and it appeared that when any three (or more) factors investigated were found in a patient, the probability of prosthesis infection increased 16-times; when two (or more) significant factors were present, the probability of infection development was 14-times higher. DISCUSSION We compared these results with the relevant literature data, and the majority of them were in agreement with the other authors. In contrast to the published information, we found a higher occurrence of psychiatric disorders in the infected group. Of all the factors investigated, the presence of erysipelas appeared to be most significant, with a frequency 28.6-fold higher in the infected than the non-infected group. References to this risk factor were rare in the literature. CONCLUSIONS We recommend a thorough evaluation of risk factors in the patients planned to undergo total arthroplasty, assessment of factor significance and accumulation, and careful consideration of all pros and cons in patients at high risk of infection development.
An RNS Implementation of an  $F_{p}$ Elliptic Curve Point Multiplier

Elliptic curve point multiplication is considered to be the most significant operation in all elliptic curve cryptography systems, as it forms the basis of the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem. Designs for elliptic curve cryptography point multiplication are area demanding and time consuming. Thus, the efficient realization of point multiplication is of fundamental importance for the performance of an elliptic curve system. In this paper, a hardware architecture of an elliptic curve point multiplier is proposed that exploits the intrinsic parallelism of the residue number system (RNS), in order to speed up the elliptic curve point calculations and minimize the area complexity of the elliptic curve point multiplier. The architecture proves to be the fastest among all known design approaches, while complexity is less than half of that of previous efforts. This architecture also supports the required input (binary-to-RNS) and output (RNS-to-binary) conversions. Through a graph-oriented approach, the area of the elliptic curve point multiplier is minimized, by optimizing the point addition and doubling algorithms. Also, through this approach, the number of execution steps for point addition is matched to the number of execution steps for point doubling. Additionally, the impact of various RNS bases, in terms of number of moduli and their bit lengths, on the area and speed of the proposed implementation is analyzed, in an effort to define the potential for using RNS in elliptic curve cryptography.
Decision – delivery interval and perinatal outcome in emergency caesarean sections

Recent studies have cast doubt on the recommended 30-min decision – delivery interval (DDI) in emergency caesarean sections. The practicability, justification, anticipated beneficial effect on neonatal outcome and its medico-legal implications have been questioned. We set out to determine (1) the DDI for emergency caesarean sections in two Nigerian tertiary care centres (2) the effect of DDI on perinatal outcome (particularly if the DDI is longer than the internationally recommended 30 min) and (3) the factors causing delays in intervention if any. This was a prospective observational study of consecutive cases of emergency caesarean sections performed at the two centres over an 8-month period. The main outcome measures were: indication for the caesarean, the decision-baby delivery interval, 1-min and 5-min Apgar scores, newborn admission to special care, perinatal death and reasons for any delay in decision – delivery interval beyond 30 min. The data were analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics and regression equations at the 95% confidence level. A total of 224 emergency caesarean sections were performed in the two institutions within the period of study. None of the caesarean sections was done within the recommended 30-min interval. Despite this, there was no significant correlation between the DDI and perinatal outcome. The major causes of delays in DDI were anaesthetic delays in both centres and difficulty in sourcing essential materials in one of the centres. The recommended 30-min DDI in emergency caesarean section is not currently feasible in Nigeria. Although the 30-min interval should remain the gold standard, DDI up to 3 hours may not be incompatible with good perinatal outcome as shown in this study. As in other studies, anaesthetic delay is the major cause of delay in carrying out emergency caesarean sections. Finally, since prolonged DDI may not be the cause of an adverse perinatal outcome in the majority of cases, litigation on these grounds may be unjustified.
Biosecurity-Based Interventions and Strategies To Reduce Campylobacter spp. on Poultry Farms

ABSTRACT The prevention and control of Campylobacter colonization of poultry flocks are important public health strategies for the control of human campylobacteriosis. A critical review of the literature on interventions to control Campylobacter in poultry on farms was undertaken using a systematic approach. Although the focus of the review was on aspects appropriate to the United Kingdom poultry industry, the research reviewed was gathered from worldwide literature. Multiple electronic databases were employed to search the literature, in any language, from 1980 to September 2008. A primary set of 4,316 references was identified and scanned, using specific agreed-upon criteria, to select relevant references related to biosecurity-based interventions. The final library comprised 173 references. Identification of the sources of Campylobacter in poultry flocks was required to inform the development of targeted interventions to disrupt transmission routes. The approach used generally involved risk factor-based surveys related to culture-positive or -negative flocks, usually combined with a structured questionnaire. In addition, some studies, either in combination or independently, undertook intervention trials. Many of these studies were compromised by poor design, sampling, and statistical analysis. The evidence for each potential source and route of transmission on the poultry farm was reviewed critically, and the options for intervention were considered. The review concluded that, in most instances, biosecurity on conventional broiler farms can be enhanced and this should contribute to the reduction of flock colonization. However, complementary, non-biosecurity-based approaches will also be required in the future to maximize the reduction of Campylobacter-positive flocks at the farm level.
Contractile properties and the force-frequency relationship of the paralyzed human quadriceps femoris muscle.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Following spinal cord injury (SCI), paralyzed muscles undergo physiological changes that alter their force responses to electrical stimulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of SCI on the contractile properties and force-frequency relationship (FFR) of the paralyzed human quadriceps femoris muscle of adolescents and young adults. SUBJECTS Thirteen subjects (11 male, 2 female; age range=11-24 years) with motor complete SCIs and 13 matched control subjects (11 male, 2 female; age range=9-23 years) without SCI participated in the study. METHODS Both groups of subjects underwent the same testing protocol using similar equipment. RESULTS The paralyzed muscles of the subjects with SCI produced 62% of the peak twitch force and had a fatigue ratio that was 65% of that of the control subjects. The paralyzed muscles contracted 14% and 25% faster and relaxed 38% and 46% faster than the nonparalyzed muscles in nonfatigued and fatigued conditions, respectively. Compared with the control subjects, the subjects with SCI had twitch-to-tetanus ratios that were 84% and 127% greater in nonfatigued and fatigued conditions, respectively. Relative to the control subjects, the FFR of the subjects with SCI was shifted to the left in the fatigued condition. Relative to their respective nonfatigued conditions, the FFR of both groups of subjects shifted to the right with fatigue. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These findings may have important implications for designing stimulation strategies to reduce the rapid fatigue that limits the clinical efficacy of functional electrical stimulation.
New and developing therapies for AL amyloidosis

ABSTRACT Introduction: Systemic light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is an infiltrative disorder associated with an underlying plasma cells dyscrasia, in which monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains accumulate in an abnormal misfolded form as amyloid fibrils in the extracellular space. Symptoms and prognosis are governed by which organs are affected, and cardiac involvement is the major determinant of survival. Diagnosis requires demonstration of amyloid deposition and confirmation of the fibril protein type. Areas covered: This review will focus on the available treatments for systemic AL amyloidosis and on new drug targets and therapeutic approaches. Expert opinion: At present, the choice of upfront treatment lies between autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and combination chemotherapy. Chemotherapy agents include dexamethasone, melphalan, cyclophosphamide, thalidomide, bortezomib, lenalidomide, bendamustine in various combinations. Few randomized controlled trials have been performed in AL amyloidosis and treatment has been substantially influenced by clinical practice in myeloma. It has become clear that the best prospects of survival and preservation or improvement in amyloid related organ function require as near complete suppression as possible of the underlying hematological disorder. Future directions include therapies designed to target amyloid deposits directly, in particular anti-amyloid antibodies which are now well advanced in development and are showing great potential.
Myosin VI Is a Mediator of the p53-Dependent Cell Survival Pathway

ABSTRACT Myosin VI is an unconventional motor protein, and its mutation is responsible for the familiar conditions sensorineural deafness and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Myosin VI is found to play a key role in the protein trafficking and homeostasis of the Golgi complex. However, very little is known about how myosin VI is regulated and whether myosin VI has a function in the DNA damage response. Here, we found that myosin VI is regulated by DNA damage in a p53-dependent manner and possesses a novel function in the p53-dependent prosurvival pathway. Specifically, we show that myosin VI is induced by p53 and DNA damage in a p53-dependent manner. We found that p53 directly binds to, and activates, the promoter of the myosin VI gene. We also show that the intracellular localization of myosin VI is substantially altered by p53 and DNA damage in a p53-dependent manner such that the pool of myosin VI in endocytic vesicles, membrane ruffles, and cytosol migrates to the Golgi complex, perinuclear membrane, and nucleus. Furthermore, we show that knockdown of myosin VI attenuates activation of p53 and impairs Golgi complex integrity, which makes myosin VI-deficient cells susceptible to apoptosis upon DNA damage. Taken together, we found a novel function for p53 in the maintenance of Golgi complex integrity and for myosin VI in the p53-dependent prosurvival pathway.
Evaluation of the Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT) in Criminal Justice and Detoxification Settings and in a Swedish Population Sample

Psychometric properties of the 11-item self-report Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT) were evaluated in a sample of heavy drug users from prison, probation, and inpatient detoxification settings, and in a general Swedish population sample. In the drug user sample, the DUDIT predicted drug dependence with a sensitivity of 90% for both DSM-4 and ICD-10 and a respective specificity of 78 and 88%. Reliability according to Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.80. In the population sample, 3.1% scored positive on the DUDIT; T-score values are suggested. The DUDIT screens effectively for drug-related problems in clinically selected groups and may prove useful in the context of public health surveys.
Direct combinatorial interaction between a herpes simplex virus regulatory protein and a cellular octamer‐binding factor mediates specific induction of virus immediate‐early gene expression.

We provide evidence for a novel mechanism of transcriptional regulation in which the immediate‐early (IE) transactivating protein of herpes simplex virus, Vmw65, is assembled into a specific DNA‐binding complex together with a cellular octamer‐binding factor (TRF). The assembly of Vmw65/TRF complex requires not only the core TRF recognition site, but also flanking sequences which are dispensable for TRF binding alone. We show from functional analyses that TRF binding by a motif is required but not sufficient to confer induction on a heterologous promoter, and it is the ability of the motif to allow TRF/Vmw65 complex assembly which correlates with functional activity. Thus, for the induction of HSV IE expression, Vmw65 forms a complex with TRF by recognition of the specific subset of appropriately flanked TRF binding sites present in each of the IE genes. This mechanism may provide a paradigm for the selective utilization of the same transcription factor in differential gene expression.
Interaction between the pRb2/p130 C‐terminal domain and the N‐terminal portion of cyclin D3

An association between cyclin D3 and the C‐terminal domain of pRb2/p130 was demonstrated using the yeast two‐hybrid system. Further analysis restricted the epitope responsible for the binding within the 74 N‐terminal amino acids of cyclin D3, independent of the LXCXE amino acid motif present in the D‐type cyclin N‐terminal region. In a coprecipitation assay in T98G cells, a human glioblastoma cell line, the C‐terminal domain of pRb2/p130 was able to interact solely with cyclin D3, while the corresponding portion of pRb interacted with either cyclin D3 or cyclin D1. In T98G cells, endogenous cyclin D3‐associated kinase activity showed a clear predisposition to phosphorylate preferentially the C‐terminal domain of pRb2/p130, rather than that of pRb. This propensity was also confirmed in LAN‐5 human neuroblastoma cells, where phosphorylation of the pRb2/p130 C‐terminal domain and expression of cyclin D3 also decreased remarkably in the late neural differentiation stages. J. Cell. Biochem. 75:698–709, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An increase in DNA double‐strand breaks, induced by Ku70 depletion, is associated with human papillomavirus 16 episome loss and de novo viral integration events

Integration of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) is a common event in cervical carcinogenesis, although mechanisms of integration are poorly understood. We have tested the hypothesis that an increased number of DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) affect HPV16 episome maintenance and integration in cervical keratinocytes. Increased DSBs were generated over prolonged periods of up to 50 population doublings in the unique polyclonal cervical keratinocyte cell line W12, which stably maintains HPV16 episomes. This was achieved using repeated treatments with short interfering RNA to obtain sustained depletion of Ku70, a key mediator of DNA non‐homologous end joining. An increase in DSBs was seen shortly after commencement of Ku70 depletion. Continuous depletion was reproducibly associated with loss of HPV16 episomes and also with a new viral integration event, which was rapidly selected in outgrowing W12 cells. Despite the prolonged presence of DSBs, high‐level chromosomal instability (detected by marked changes in genomic copy number) was not observed until cells containing the new integrant were almost fully selected, with no evidence of such chromosomal instability prior to integration. Our data show that increased DNA DSBs are associated with HPV16 episomal loss and integration in cervical keratinocytes. We found no evidence to support the notion that major chromosomal instability precedes HPV16 integration, although such instability is an important consequence of the integration event. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What Is Known About Dementia Care Recipient Violence and Aggression Against Caregivers?

Aggression is a known behavior in dementia, but there is little in the literature about risk to home-based caregivers in situations where severe aggression is present. This article examines this issue with a focus on what is known and where further research is needed. Rates of severe aggression by dementia care recipients against caregivers are estimated at greater than 20%, and may be the strongest predictor of nursing home placement. Measures containing both assessment of behavior and objective measures of caregiver trauma are needed, along with interventions aimed at educating and protecting caregivers while respecting communicative properties of behavior.