Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Microemulsions: Developmental aspects

In recent years, the focus of pharmaceutical research is gradually shifting to the development of drug delivery systems rather than finding newer chemical entities for an all -round improvement in drug therapy. Multiferous materials and principles have been employed to generate a wide variety of carrier classes such as polymer-based particulate systems (microspheres, microcapsules, nanoparticles, and transdermal patches) and rigid, semi -rigid and vescicular lipoidal colloid drug delivery vehicles (l iposomes, niosomes, microemulsions, micelles). In the above approaches, the latter has achieved a favorable position because of their non particulate nature, components of bio-origin and provisions for modifications in the constructs so that they can be tailored to suit the target site. Microemulsions offer several advantages as drug delivery systems as these are thermodynamically stable and stability allows for self emulsification of the system with microemulsion acting as supersolvent of the drug. The dis persed phase lipophilic or hydrophilic can behave as potential reservoir for lipophilic or hydrophilic drug respectively. These systems are easy to prepare and no significant energy contribution is required for their preparation. Microemulsions have low viscosity as compared to conventional emulsions and viscosity can even be tailored using specific gelling agents like carbopol and gelatin. Also the formation of microemulsion is reversible. These become unstable at low temperatures but once the temperature is brought to stability range, microemulsions are reformed. Microemulsions find applications in drug delivery; these can solubilise various lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs. Microemulsions also find miscellaneous applications as lubricants, cutting oils an d corrosion inhibitors. These also find application in detergency and cosmetics as well as microemulsion derived systems comprising of liquid membranes, SEDDS and SMEDDS. The present review focuses on the advantages offered by these systems and the develop mental aspects including the
Modeling the spread of Rubella disease using the concept of with local derivative with fractional parameter : Beta-Derivative

Our aim in this work was to examine the model underpinning the spread of the Rubella virus using the novel derivative called beta-derivative. The study of the equilibrium points together with the analysis of the disease free equilibrium points was presented. Due to the complexity of the modified equation, we introduced a new operator based on the Sumudu transform. The properties of this operator were proposed and proved in detail. We made used of this operator together with the idea of perturbation method to derive a special solution of the extended model. The stability of the method for solving this model was presented. The uniqueness of the special solution was presented, and numerical simulations were done. The graphical representations show that the model depends on both parameters and the fractional order. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2015
A set of primers conserved in genus Parnassius (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) for amplification and sequencing of 1016 bp fragment of cytochrome oxidase subunit I from museum specimens

Four short, overlapping amplicons covering a 1016 bp fragment of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I were developed. All four fragments were successfully amplified and sequenced in eight species of butterflies belonging to the genus Parnassius including over 100‐year‐old DNA from pinned museum specimens. The fragment contains sufficient variation for both inter‐ and intraspecific analyses. A total of 105 sites were polymorphic within 52 haplotypes found in 186 samples from Parnassius mnemosyne.
New developments on geometric hashing for curve matching

The problem of fast rigid matching of 3D curves with subvoxel precision is addressed. More invariant parameters are used, and new hash tables are implemented in order to process larger and more complex sets of data curves. There exists a Bayesian theory of geometric hashing that explains why local minima are not really a problem. The more likely transformation always wins. It is also possible to predict the uncertainty on the match with the help of the Kalman filter, and compare it with real measures. <<ETX>>
Hyperthermia mediated liposomal drug delivery

Drug delivery systems have been developed for cancer therapy in an attempt to increase the tumour drug concentration while limiting systemic exposure. Liposomes have achieved passive targeting of solid tumours through enhanced vascular permeability, which is greatly augmented by hyperthermia. However, anti-tumour efficacy has often been limited by slow release of bioavailable drug within the tumour. Local hyperthermia has become the most widely used stimulus for triggered release of liposomal drugs, through the use of specific lipids, polymers or other modifiers. A temperature-sensitive liposome containing doxorubicin has been shown to release 100% of contents through stabilized membrane pores within 10–20 s at 41°C. This formulation has exhibited dramatic improvements in pre-clinical drug delivery and tumour regression and is now in clinical trials. Significantly, recent studies show that this liposome, in combination with local hyperthermia, exhibits vascular shutdown as a mechanism of anti-tumour effect that is not observed with free doxorubicin.
Ethical and Legal Aspects of Neuromodulation: on the Road to Guidelines

1. The distinction between treatment and enhancement . Most of the new methods of intervening in the brain hold potential not only for treating diseases but also for enhancing certain mental traits in healthy subjects. The legitimacy of the possible aims of such interventions follows different normative rules. Hence, the criteria to distinguish between them gain specific importance in judging methods of neuromodulation as permissible, perhaps mandatory, or prohibited. 2. The legitimacy of new neuromodulatory treatments . It does not appear to be expedient to develop new basic rules of ethics or law in order to deal with the new questions those treatments pose. (Indeed, it would be quite unclear what such new basic principles should look like, and where to derive them from.) However, in applying the traditional normative criteria to some of the new problems one faces unfamiliar problems. The most important one of these seems to be the fact that interventions in the brain are prone to be interventions in mental life as well, the subjectivity as it were, of patients. Thus, they might turn out to alter a person’s individuality, character, or even personal identity. I will try to clarify these concepts and to show their normative implications. 3 . The legitimacy of brain-based strategies of enhancement . This poses by far the biggest and most complex bulk of problems. I will try to make these problems a little more transparent by introducing certain fundamental distinctions, such as the distinction between law and ethics, between enhancing one’s own mental traits and enhancing those of others, and between “one-party cases” and “two-party cases. ”
On the residual inverse iteration for nonlinear eigenvalue problems admitting a Rayleigh functional

The residual inverse iteration is a simple method for solving eigenvalue problems that are nonlinear in the eigenvalue parameter. In this paper, we establish a new expression and a simple bound for the asymptotic convergence factor of this iteration in the special case that the nonlinear eigenvalue problem is Hermitian and admits a so called Rayleigh functional. These results are then applied to discretized nonlinear PDE eigenvalue problems. For this purpose, we introduce an appropriate Hilbert space setting and show the convergence of the smallest eigenvalue of a Galerkin discretization. Under suitable conditions, we obtain a bound for the asymptotic convergence factor that is independent of the discretization. This also implies that the use of multigrid preconditioners yields mesh-independent convergence rates for finite element discretizations of nonlinear PDE eigenvalue problem. A simple numerical example illustrates our findings.
Programming, demarcating, and manipulating CD8+ T‐cell memory

Summary: In response to infection, antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells undergo massive expansion in numbers, acquire effector mechanisms, and disseminate throughout the body. The expansion phase is followed by a contraction (death) phase, where 90–95% of antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells are eliminated. The remaining antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells form the initial memory pool, which can be stably maintained for life. In this review, we discuss evidence that early events after infection ‘program’ CD8+ T cells to expand, contract, and generate memory in a fashion that is largely insensitive to the duration of infection or antigen display. Recent data demonstrate, despite numerical stability, that memory CD8+ T‐cell populations undergo phenotypic and functional changes with time after immunization. However, the early suggestion that specific markers can be used to identify memory CD8+ T cells has not been supported by recent studies. Thus, we argue that specific functional characteristics, such as the ability to persist and undergo vigorous secondary expansion leading to elevated memory cell numbers, remain the best markers of ‘good’ memory cells. Finally, we discuss experimental approaches to manipulate and accelerate generation of CD8+ T cells with memory characteristics, and how these systems can inform both basic and applied immunology.
The Factors Affecting Successful Implementation of ERP in Nanjing Manufacturing SMEs

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system in companies can be implemented to Multi National Corporation (MNC), Larger Enterprise, and Small & Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). In China, 99% of all companies can be categorized as SMEs. With a decade of high-speed economy development after entering the 21st century, traditional Chinese SMEs want to find a new management model to improve work efficiency and increase business opportunities. This study finds the factors affecting the diffusion and successful implementation of ERP in Chinese Nanjing manufacturing SMEs. It will lead to the conclusion that ERP investment and implementation, which could be used as project guideline by the management of SMEs or companies that adopt ERP in intend to implement them. The objective is to provide Nanjingâ€™s SMEs implementing ERP with knowledge about ERP implementation factors.
Data-Driven Correction Approach to Refine Power Curve of Wind Farm Under Wind Curtailment

Regardless of the rapid development of wind power capacity installation around the world, wind curtailment is a severe problem to be solved. Wind curtailment can cause abundant outliers and change the original characteristics of operation data in wind farms. Power curve cannot be accurately modeled with these outliers and consequently wind power forecasting as well as other applications in power system will be negatively affected. In this paper, the characteristics of the outliers caused by wind curtailment are analyzed. Then, a data-driven outlier elimination approach combining quartile method and density-based clustering method is proposed. First, the quartile method is used twice for eliminating sparse outliers. Then density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise method is applied to eliminate stacked outliers. A case study is carried out by modeling the power curves of a wind farm and 20 wind turbines in this wind farm. The accuracy of power curve modeling is significantly improved and the elimination procedure can be completed in a very short time, indicating that the proposed methods are effective and efficient for eliminating outliers. The performance of the methods is insensitive to their parameters and can be directly used in different cases without tuning parameters, both for wind turbines and wind farms.
Proteasome inhibitors-mediated TRAIL resensitization and Bik accumulation

Proteasome inhibitors can resensitize cells that are resistant to tumors necrosis factor-related apoptotic-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated apoptosis. However, the underlying mechanisms of this effect are unclear. To characterize the mechanisms of interaction between proteasome inhibitors and TRAIL protein, we evaluated the effects of combined treatment with the proteasome inhibitors bortezomib and MG132 and TRAIL protein on two TRAIL-resistant human colon cancer cell lines, DLD1-TRAIL/R and LOVO-TRAIL/R. Both bortezomib and MG132 in combination with TRAIL enhanced apoptotosis induction in these cells, as evidenced by enhanced cleavage of caspases 8, 9, and 3, Bid, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and by the release of cytochrome C and Smac. Subsequent studies showed that combined treatment with bortezomib or MG132 resulted in an increase of death receptor (DR) 5 and Bik at protein levels but had no effects on protein levels of DR4, Bax, Bak, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, or Flice-inhibitory protein (FLIP). Moreover, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is activated by these proteasome inhibitors. Blocking JNK activation with the JNK inhibitor SP600125 attenuated DR5 increase, but enhancement of apoptosis induction and increase of Bik protein were not affected. However, bortezomib-mediated TRAIL sensitization was partially blocked by using siRNA to knockdown Bik. Thus, our data suggests that accumulation of Bik may be critical for proteasome inhibitor-mediated re-sensitization of TRAIL.
Effect of temperature on the multiplication of an Influenza virus.

Summary The temperature characteristic of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase induced after infection with fowl plague virus was determined. At temperatures below 34° the energy of activation in vitro was 16 kcal. /mol. greater than above this temperature. The rate of synthesis of virus haemagglutinin and neuraminidase decreased rapidly below 34°. At low temperatures the activity of the virus RNA polymerase may be rate limiting for virus multiplication. At 41° the virus RNA polymerase was unstable in vitro as well as in vivo. The synthesis of virus haemagglutinin and neuraminidase, however, was unimpaired. At 44° virus subunits were not produced. The host cells withstood 44° without any irreversible harm during the time of the experiment. It is uncertain whether or not at elevated temperatures the activity of the viral RNA polymerase was also rate limiting.
A preliminary magnet nonlinear research on the joule balance

The joule balance experiment has been carried out at the National Institute of Metrology, China (NIM) since 2007. To reduce the measurement uncertainty further, the major parts of the second generation of the joule balance apparatus system is built already. A new magnet system using electromagnet is being adopted to reduce self-heating in the coils. However the results on the measurement show that the nonlinearity and hysteresis of the ferromagnetic material will bring a considerable measurement uncertainty. In this paper, the nonlinear effect is reduced by one order of magnitude by an experimental method. The nonlinearity and hysteresis effect is about 10-6 in the relative standard uncertainty.
A hierarchical focus & context method for image browsing

collections of digital images is a common task. The collections may include photographs, scanned document pages, drawings, renderings, etc., that are located on the user's computer or on the World Wide Web. If the amount of images is large, it is important to maintain a good overview of the material,while still allowing users to examine each image in detail. Visualizations that provide such a view are sometimes called focus+context methods, since they give both an overview (context) and details (focus) at the same time. Many applications provide overviews of image collections by presenting a set of thumbnails (smaller versions of the images) in a display area separate from the main picture. However, this is not always the most natural approach. In real life, we often put all images on the same work space, for instance a desktop. We then optimize the working space by placing the images we are currently interested in close at hand, while maintaining an overview of the whole set. When we bring an image into "focus," it does not stay in the surrounding context, since there is no thumbnail representation that exists separately from the actual image. Furthermore, images often fall naturally into categories and sub-categories (i.e., they have some kind of hierarchical ordering). This can be reflected on the work space by grouping similar images together or placing them in different stacks. We have developed flip zooming, a focus+context approach to presenting image sets that attempts to mimic this way of working with images. 1 The main image and the thumbnails are presented on the same display area rather than in different windows. When an image is selected for viewing, the thumbnails are reduced in size and rearranged to accommodate the main picture, which replaces the thumbnail representation. Our first implementation of the technique was a text-only Web browser, the Zoom Browser. We then generalized the method to allow browsing of any image collection. An evaluation of our first prototype made us aware of some problems with the technique, which have been addressed in the current prototype. In particular, users found it confusing that the place where the main image would appear was not fixed; this was because we wanted to pack as much information as possible on the display. We have now made a trade-off between information density and usability, and the main image is fixed to always appear in the middle of the …
A note on scrivener’s palsy

For many years—before its recognition as a focal dystonia—writers’ cramp (scrivener’s palsy (from the Latin scribere: to write)) was regarded as an occupational hazard akin to repetitive strain. Lucire1 in a provocative book suggests that the only new aspect of repetitive strain injury (RSI) is its name. The first epidemics of writers’ cramp were reported in the 1830s among clerks of the British Civil Service, where it was attributed to the new steel pen nib. Sir Charles Bell gave a description of these disorders: “I have found the action necessary for writing gone, or the motions so irregular as to as make the letters be written zig-zag, whilst the power of strongly moving the arm for fencing, remained…“The nerves and muscles are capable of their proper functions and proper adjustments; the defect is in the imperfect exercise of the will, or in the secondary influence the brain has over the …
Hartree-Fock Theory for Double Condensates

We present the first theoretical treatment that accounts in detail for a recent observation of overlapping Bose-Einstein condensates of two different {sup 87}Rb hyperfine states [C.J. Myatt {ital et al.,}Phys.Rev.Lett. {bold 78}, 586 (1997)]. Despite the complicated geometry, we have completed a three-dimensional Hartree-Fock calculation for the coupled condensates. The calculation explains a number of its key properties: (i) The manner in which one condensate partially wraps around the other, (ii)the mean separation between the two condensates including the effects of gravity and of their mutual interaction, and (iii) the surprisingly long lifetime of the trap. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
The state of play

Kristin Alexander (Alexander, Miller & Hengst, 2001) has remarked that children’s involvement in fictional or oral narratives (so-called ‘story attachments’) constitute a ‘homeless phenomenon’. By that she means, story attachments are ever-present in real children’s lives, yet as a topic have not carved out much space for intense study within the bounds of any one social science discipline. In many respects, play similarly is a homeless phenomenon, neither the central province of anthropology nor psychology nor education nor therapy, but rather a visitor to all these fields, borrowing space at the edges of disciplines rather than occupying the central space of any given field. Academic behavioral research tends to be more prosaic than poetic, of course, which may explain why play – fraught with slippery references of meaning and side-stepping dexterity of action – has remained at the margins of established fields. Play, like a moonbeam that resists being held in one’s hand, is a problem hard to solve with fixed, linear conceptions. Play is often more a matter of process or tone than a singular behavior. Play is flux, not stasis. Play cannot be coerced to an ultimate form, but rather emerges from creative associations and sensitive non-directive social engagement. The inquiries into play and well-being contained in this volume suggest that the very ambiguity and morphing dynamism of play is what makes it instrumental to human functioning and coping. Play is tailor-made for unfixing what needs fixing, for adapting and adopting new ways of signifying when the old approaches are stale, unsatisfactory, dysfunctional or unhealthy. Put another way, play has just the creative stuff needed to reframe what is possible and to conjure new possibilities, when the old ones become inadequate. Playfulness opens us to bisociation, Koestler’s term for the human capacity to reach across domains of meaning and thereby to forge new conceptual connections leading to creative insight or cathartic release (see Clark, page ___ for a review of Koestler’s The act of creation). The authors whose work appears in this volume have set forth multiple contexts in which playfulness brings an eruption of adaptable, flexible meaning-making. Their work demonstrates that play processes are crucial underpinnings of well-being.
Association of clinical androgen excess with radial artery intima media thickness in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Abstract This study explores the relationship between clinical cardiovascular risk factors and clinical androgen excess, with direct comparison to radial artery intima media thickness (rIMT). rIMT of 91 patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were compared with 72 healthy women. Patients were divided into three groups with regard to body mass index (BMI). Group1 = 56 women (31 controls and 25 PCOS) with low BMI(18–22.49 kg/m2), Group2 = 36 women (15 controls and 21 PCOS) with normal BMI (22.5–24.99 kg/m2) and Group3 = 71 women (26 controls and 45 PCOS) with high BMI (25–30 kg/m2). rIMT was significantly higher in patients with PCOS (p = 0.007). rIMT was significantly higher group1 and group3 in patients with PCOS compared to controls (p = 0.007 and p = 0.042, respectively). There was a significant positive association between rIMT levels and fT in women with PCOS in group1 (r = 0.24, p = 0.04). rIMT levels correlated to fT levels in women with PCOS in group3 (r = 0.32, p = 0.03). Modified Ferriman–Gallwey (mFG) scores demonstrated a positive association with free testosterone, total testosterone, free androgen index, waist circumference (WC), LH levels, insulin levels, Homeostasis Model Assessment index(HOMA-IR), rIMT and a negative correlation with sex hormone binding globulin in group1 and group2. mFG scores demonstrated a positive association with free testosterone (r = 0.33, p = 0.029) in group3, but no association was found between mFG and WC, HOMA-IR in group3. Our findings indicate that clinical androgen excess may be associated with cardiovascular disease in patients with PCOS.