Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Fourth Toe Flexion Sign: A New Clinical Sign for Identification of the Superficial Peroneal Nerve

We describe a clinical sign for identification of the superficial peroneal nerve. Flexion of the fourth toe accentuates the subcutaneous course of the cutaneous branches of the superficial peroneal nerve. Thirty feet from 15 volunteers were examined for presence of this sign. Twenty-six of 30 feet had a positive sign that was confirmed by infiltrating the observed nerve with 1% lig-nocaine and correlating the consequent area of hypoaes-thesia with the known distribution of the superficial peroneal nerve.
Early stress and later response to separation in rhesus monkeys.

The hypothesis that separation in early life predisposes one to later psychopathology was tested using two groups of rhesus monkeys of similar age. The experimental group had undergone the stress of early life separation and confinement in a vertical chamber. The experimental animals responded to separation and reunion with increased self-mouthing, self-clasping, huddling, and rocking. The control group responded to separation with increased locomotion and responded to reunion with increased contact clinging and proximity behaviors. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Regulation of glycerol metabolism in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: characterization of the glpR repressor gene

The operons of the glp regulon encoding the glycerol metabolic enzymes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were hitherto believed to be positively regulated by the product of the glpR regulatory gene. During nucleotide sequence analysis of the region located upstream of the previously characterized glpD gene, encoding sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, an open reading frame (glpR) was identified which encodes a protein of 251 amino acids that is 59% identical to the Glp repressor from Escherichia coli and could be expressed as a 28-kDa protein in a T7 expression system. Inactivation of chromosomal glpR by gene replacement resulted in constitutive expression of glycerol transport activity and glpD activity. These activities were strongly repressed after introduction of a multicopy plasmid containing the glpR gene; the same plasmid also efficiently repressed expression of a glpT-lacZ+ transcriptional fusion in an E. coli glpR mutant. Analysis of the glpD and glpF upstream region identified conserved palindromic sequences which were 70% identical to the E. coli glp operator consensus sequence. The results suggest that the operons of the glp regulon in P. aeruginosa are negatively regulated by the action of a glp repressor.
Internal pipe inspection robot

This paper describes a new mechanism, communication system, and vision system of an internal pipe inspection robot. To date, inspection robots have had such limitations as their ability to turn in a T-shaped pipe or move in a plug valve. The new mechanism based on our dual magnetic wheels, resembling a crawler, not only overcomes the limitation but enables the robot to climb over sharp obstacles like sleeve and dresser joints. Another drawback of earlier robots is that the friction between the pipe and the cables for communication and power supply makes it difficult to move a long distance. A fiber optic communication system can reduce the friction. The new vision system has been significantly miniaturized, enabling it to clearly view and inspect the welded section underneath the robot while gazing ahead for navigation. An experimental inspection robot has been successfully made to confirm the efficiency of the approach.
PROBING THE PHYSICS OF NARROW-LINE REGIONS IN ACTIVE GALAXIES. III. ACCRETION AND COCOON SHOCKS IN THE LINER NGC 1052

We present Wide Field Spectrograph integral field spectroscopy and Hubble Space Telescope Faint Object Spectrograph spectroscopy for the low-ionization nuclear emission line region (LINER) galaxy NGC 1052. We infer the presence of a turbulent accretion flow forming a small-scale accretion disk. We find a large-scale outflow and ionization cone along the minor axis of the galaxy. Part of this outflow region is photoionized by the active galactic nucleus and shares properties with the extended narrow-line region of Seyfert galaxies, but the inner ( R ≲ 1.0 ? > ″) accretion disk and the region around the radio jet appear shock excited. The emission-line properties can be modeled by a “double-shock” model in which the accretion flow first passes through an accretion shock in the presence of a hard X-ray radiation, and the accretion disk is then processed through a cocoon shock driven by the overpressure of the radio jets. This model explains the observation of two distinct densities (∼104 and ∼106 cm−3) and provides a good fit to the observed emission-line spectrum. We derive estimates for the velocities of the two shock components and their mixing fractions, the black hole mass, and the accretion rate needed to sustain the LINER emission and derive an estimate for the jet power. Our emission-line model is remarkably robust against variation of input parameters and hence offers a generic explanation for the excitation of LINER galaxies, including those of spiral type such as NGC 3031 (M81).
Intramolecular Complementing Mutations in Tobacco Mosaic Virus Movement Protein Confirm a Role for Microtubule Association in Viral RNA Transport

ABSTRACT The movement protein (MP) of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) facilitates the cell-to-cell transport of the viral RNA genome through plasmodesmata (Pd). A previous report described the functional reversion of a dysfunctional mutation in MP (Pro81Ser) by two additional amino acid substitution mutations (Thr104Ile and Arg167Lys). To further explore the mechanism underlying this intramolecular complementation event, the mutations were introduced into a virus derivative expressing the MP as a fusion to green fluorescent protein (GFP). Microscopic analysis of infected protoplasts and of infection sites in leaves of MP-transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana indicates that MPP81S-GFP and MPP81S;T104I;R167K-GFP differ in subcellular distribution. MPP81S-GFP lacks specific sites of accumulation in protoplasts and, in epidermal cells, exclusively localizes to Pd. MPP81S;T104I;R167K-GFP, in contrast, in addition localizes to inclusion bodies and microtubules and thus exhibits a subcellular localization pattern that is similar, if not identical, to the pattern reported for wild-type MP-GFP. Since accumulation of MP to inclusion bodies is not required for function, these observations confirm a role for microtubules in TMV RNA cell-to-cell transport.
RADAR Analysis for Proposed Predator Design

Recently the Predator System Program Office (SPO) wanted to evaluate proposed design changes. The complete evaluation included prediction of performance against a range of enemy threats in multiple roles. A portion of that analysis included synthetic radar cross section (RCS) generation and evaluation. For RCS prediction the team used Xpatch® which is a set of prediction codes and analysis tools that use the shootingand- bouncing ray (SBR) method to predict realistic farfield and near-field radar signatures for threedimensional (3-D) target models. The requirement was for over 15,000 Xpatch runs, with approximately half of those jobs requiring one hour of computer time for an individual run. This substantial computer time requirement was met using DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) resources. This presentation describes how the Xpatch RCS results were produced and provided to the SPO. The presentation includes details of how high-performance
Ectopia of meningeal fibroblasts and reactive gliosis in the cerebral cortex of the mouse model of muscle‐eye‐brain disease

Congenital muscular dystrophies with brain malformations, such as muscle‐eye‐brain disease, exhibit neural ectopias caused by overmigration of neurons. Such overmigration is evident in protein O‐mannose β‐1,2‐N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase (POMGnT1) knockout mouse, a model of muscle‐eye‐brain disease, caused by breaches in the pial basement membrane. We hypothesize that breaches in pial basement membrane disrupt the neural‐meningeal boundary, resulting in ectopia of meningeal fibroblasts in the cerebral cortex and reactive gliosis. To test this hypothesis, the cerebral cortices of developing and adult POMGnT1 knockout mice were analyzed by immunostaining with cell‐specific markers and by electron microscopy. The upper half of the cerebral cortex in the knockout mouse contained increased numbers of fibroblasts closely associated with capillaries. During development of the cerebral cortex in the knockout mice, breaches in pial basement membrane allowed emigration of overmigrated neurons into the developing pia‐arachnoid, scattering its mesenchymal cells throughout the diffuse cell zone and resulting in ectopia of mesenchyme‐derived fibroblasts in the upper half of the cortex. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunostaining revealed that the upper half of the cerebral cortex in the knockout also contained increased numbers of cells with morphologies typical of reactive astrocytes compared with the wild type. Moreover, most of the GFAP‐positive reactive astrocytes were in close contact with ectopic fibroblasts, suggesting that they were induced by the fibroblasts. Collectively, the data support the hypothesis that the cerebral cortex of POMGnT1 knockout mice is characterized by migration defects leading to disruption of the pia‐arachnoid, ectopia of fibroblasts in the cortex, and reactive gliosis. J. Comp. Neurol. 505:459–477, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Review: Developmental Changes in Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors: Lessons from Hippocampal Synapses

Glutamatergic synapses are the primary source of excitatory transmission in the central nervous system (CNS), and their formation is critical in the establishment of neuronal connections. The refinement of these connections occurs during development and also it is postulated during learning and memory. Recent progress in understanding the molecular components of synaptic junctions, together with advances in imaging techniques, has started to offer new insights into the development of excitatory synapses. Studies performed on low-density primary neuronal cultures have enabled dissection of the temporal sequence of events, which have lead to the differentiation of pre- and postsynaptic components. A central feature of the development of excitatory synapses is the accumulation of glutamatergic receptors (GluRs) at the postsynaptic site. These receptors need to be localized and fixed opposite nerve terminals that release glutamate. But for this to occur, neurons require intracellular anchoring molecules, as well as mechanisms that ensure the efficient turnover and transport of receptor proteins. This review focuses on some of the developmental changes observed in the subcellular distribution and molecular organization of AMPA and NMDA type ionotropic GluRs (iGluRs), which mediate the majority of fast excitatory neurotransmission in the CNS.
An overview of health-promoting compounds of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) and the effect of processing

Broccoli offers many heath-promoting properties owing to its content of antioxidant and anticarcinogenic compounds. The concentration and bioavailability of polyphenols, glucosinolates, sulforaphane and selenium depend on plant biochemistry, cultivation strategy and type of processing. In this article, the main biochemical properties of broccoli are reviewed regarding their health-promoting effects. Additionally, the way these properties are affected by processing is discussed. Steaming and drying result in an apparent increment of sulforaphane content as well as antioxidant activity, most likely due to an increase of the extractability of antioxidants and sulforaphane. Freezing and boiling diminish polyphenols concentration, mainly due to volatilization and leaching into the cooking water. In view of these results, the optimization of broccoli processing in order to maximize the content of bioactive compounds should be possible. The effect of processing on selenium compounds has been poorly studied so far, and therefore this topic should be investigated in the future. Finally, the effect of operating conditions in different drying processes on the content of bioactive compounds in broccoli should be investigated in a greater depth.
Second generation Tibetan lowlanders acclimatize to high altitude more quickly than Caucasians

Tibetan highlanders develop at altitude peak aerobic power levels close to those of Caucasians at sea level. In order to establish whether this feature is genetic and, as a consequence, retained by Tibetan lowlanders, altitude‐induced changes of peak aerobic performance were assessed in four groups of volunteers with different ethnic, altitude exposure and fitness characteristics, i.e. eight untrained second‐generation Tibetans (Tib 2) born and living at 1300 m; seven altitude Sherpas living at ∼2800–3500 m; and 10 untrained and five trained Caucasians. Measurements were carried out at sea level or at Kathmandu (1300 m, Nepal) (PRE), and after 2–4 (ALT1), 14–16 (ALT2), and 26–28 (ALT3) days at 5050 m. At ALT3, of untrained and trained Caucasians was –31% and –46%, respectively. By contrast, of Tib 2 and Sherpas was –8% and –15%, respectively. At ALT3, peak heart rate (HRpeak) of untrained and trained Caucasians was 148 ± 11 and 149 ± 7 beats min−1, respectively; blood oxygen saturation at peak exercise was 76 ± 6% and 73 ± 6%, and haemoglobin concentration ([Hb]) was 19.4 ± 1.0 and 18.6 ± 1.2 g dl−1, respectively. Compared to Caucasians, Tib 2 and Sherpas exhibited at ALT3 higher HRpeak (179 ± 9 and 171 ± 4 beats min−1, P < 0.001), lower [Hb] (16.6 ± 0.6 and 17.4 ± 0.9 g dl−1, respectively, P < 0.001), and slightly but non‐significantly greater average values (82 ± 6 and 80 ± 7%). The above findings and the time course of adjustment of the investigated variables suggest that Tibetan lowlanders acclimatize to chronic hypoxia more quickly than Caucasians, independent of the degree of fitness of the latter.
A Simple O(log log(rank))-Competitive Algorithm for the Matroid Secretary Problem

Only recently progress has been made in obtaining o(log(rank))-competitive algorithms for the matroid secretary problem. More precisely Chakraborty and Lachish (2012) presented a O([EQUATION]log(rank))-competitive procedure, and Lachish (2014) recently presented a O(log log (rank))-competitive algorithm. Both algorithms are involved with complex analyses. Using different tools, we present a considerably simpler O(log log(rank))-competitive algorithm. Our algorithm can be interpreted as a distribution over a simple type of matroid secretary algorithms which are easy to analyze. We are also able to vastly improve on the hidden constant in the competitive ratio.
Disseminated Cutaneous Phaeohyphomycosis in Immunocompetent Child

Abstract: We present a 6‐year‐old immunocompetent child with disseminated cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis, affecting his face, arms, thighs, and chest. He was treated with oral itraconazole 100 mg once a day for 5 months and surgical excision of the residual lesions. Disseminated phaeohyphomycosis is very infrequent in immunocompetent children.
Surface Nonuniformity-Induced Frequency Dispersion in Accumulation Capacitance for Silicon MOS(n) Capacitor

Frequency dispersion in accumulation capacitance is observed in Al/SiO2/n-Si structured MOS with an ultrathin oxide layer (2.8 nm) grown on roughened silicon surface. The measured accumulation capacitance shows a 14.9% (26.9%) decrease at 1-kHz measurement frequency, and a 50.3% (69.2%) decrease at 10-kHz measurement frequency for partially nonuniform (fully nonuniform) sample. This phenomenon can be attributed to the lateral series resistance in the surface accumulation layer due to the interaction between nonuniformly distributed electrons. By taking into account the effect of nonuniformity-induced lateral series resistance, the accumulation C-V can be reproduced from a simplified model with a carefully chosen effective series resistance Rs,eff. The extracted Rs,eff is found to be frequency dependent and the value increases with a larger percentage of the nonuniform area. On the other hand, for p-type MOS, inconspicuous frequency dispersion in accumulation capacitance but apparent distortion in C-V profiles is observed. The possible mechanisms for the phenomenon are discussed.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Isolated From Human Gliomas Increase Proliferation and Maintain Stemness of Glioma Stem Cells Through the IL‐6/gp130/STAT3 Pathway

Although mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been implicated as stromal components of several cancers, their ultimate contribution to tumorigenesis and their potential to drive cancer stem cells, particularly in the unique microenvironment of human brain tumors, remain largely undefined. Consequently, using established criteria, we isolated glioma‐associated‐human MSCs (GA‐hMSCs) from fresh human glioma surgical specimens for the first time. We show that these GA‐hMSCs are nontumorigenic stromal cells that are phenotypically similar to prototypical bone marrow‐MSCs. Low‐passage genomic sequencing analyses comparing GA‐hMSCs with matched tumor‐initiating glioma stem cells (GSCs) suggest that most GA‐hMSCs (60%) are normal cells recruited to the tumor (group 1 GA‐hMSCs), although, rarely (10%), GA‐hMSCs may differentiate directly from GSCs (group 2 GA‐hMSCs) or display genetic patterns intermediate between these groups (group 3 GA‐hMSCs). Importantly, GA‐hMSCs increase proliferation and self‐renewal of GSCs in vitro and enhance GSC tumorigenicity and mesenchymal features in vivo, confirming their functional significance within the GSC niche. These effects are mediated by GA‐hMSC‐secreted interleukin‐6, which activates STAT3 in GSCs. Our results establish GA‐hMSCs as a potentially new stromal component of gliomas that drives the aggressiveness of GSCs, and point to GA‐hMSCs as a novel therapeutic target within gliomas. Stem Cells 2015;33:2400–2415
Histone H3 Lysine 56 Acetylation: A New Twist in the Chromosome Cycle

Several recent reports have identified lysine 56 (K56) as a novel site of acetylation in yeast histone H3. K56 acetylation is predicted to disrupt some of the histone-DNA interactions at the entry and exit points of the nucleosome core particle. This modification occurs in virtually all the newly synthesised histones that are deposited into chromatin during S-phase. Cells with mutations that block K56 acetylation show increased genome instability and hypersensitivity to genotoxic agents that interfere with replication. Removal of K56 acetylation takes place in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and is dependent upon Hst3 and Hst4, two proteins that are related to the NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase Sir2. In response to DNA damage checkpoint activation during S-phase, expression of Hst3/Hst4 is delayed to extend the window of opportunity in which K56 acetylation can act in the DNA damage response. The high abundance of histone H3 K56 acetylation, its regulation and strategic location in the nucleosome core particle raise a number of fascinating issues that we discuss here.
A magnetic field based compliance matching sensor for high resolution, high compliance tactile sensing

A description is given of a general approach for producing high-resolution tactile sensors that are highly compliant. The approach is based on the idea of compliance matching, wherein the high compliance of the contacting element is matched to the low compliance of the sensing element. A prototype tactile sensor is proposed which uses magnetic fields as the matching medium. The author details the design of an important component of this device, 64*64 element array of magnetic field sensors. <<ETX>>
Comorbidity of DSM-IV pathological gambling and other psychiatric disorders: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions.

OBJECTIVE To present nationally representative data on lifetime prevalence and comorbidity of pathological gambling with other psychiatric disorders and to evaluate sex differences in the strength of the comorbid associations. METHOD Data were derived from a large national sample of the United States. Some 43,093 household and group quarters residents age 18 years and older participated in the 2001-2002 survey. Prevalence and associations of lifetime pathological gambling and other lifetime psychiatric disorders are presented. The diagnostic interview was the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule-DSM-IV Version. Fifteen symptom items operationalized the 10 pathological gambling criteria. RESULTS The lifetime prevalence rate of pathological gambling was 0.42%. Almost three quarters (73.2%) of pathological gamblers had an alcohol use disorder, 38.1% had a drug use disorder, 60.4% had nicotine dependence, 49.6% had a mood disorder, 41.3% had an anxiety disorder, and 60.8% had a personality disorder. A large majority of the associations between pathological gambling and substance use, mood, anxiety, and personality disorders were overwhelmingly positive and significant (p < .05), even after controlling for sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Male sex, black race, divorced/separated/widowed marital status, middle age, and living in the West and Midwest were associated with increased risk for pathological gambling. Further, associations between alcohol dependence, any drug use disorder, drug abuse, nicotine dependence, major depressive episode, and generalized anxiety disorder and pathological gambling were stronger among women than men (p > .05). CONCLUSION Pathological gambling is highly comorbid with substance use, mood, anxiety, and personality disorders, suggesting that treatment for one condition should involve assessment and possible concomitant treatment for comorbid conditions.
Monthly soil erosion monitoring based on remotely sensed biophysical parameters: a case study in Strymonas river basin towards a functional pan-European service

Abstract Currently, many soil erosion studies at local, regional, national or continental scale use models based on the USLE-family approaches. Applications of these models pay little attention to seasonal changes, despite evidence in the literature which suggests that erosion risk may change rapidly according to intra-annual rainfall figures and vegetation phenology. This paper emphasises the aspect of seasonality in soil erosion mapping by using month-step rainfall erosivity data and biophysical time series data derived from remote-sensing. The latter, together with other existing pan-European geo-databases sets the basis for a functional pan-European service for soil erosion monitoring at a scale of 1:500,000. This potential service has led to the establishment of a new modelling approach (called the G2 model) based on the inheritance of USLE-family models. The G2 model proposes innovative techniques for the estimation of vegetation and protection factors. The model has been applied in a 14,500 km2 study area in SE Europe covering a major part of the basin of the cross-border river, Strymonas. Model results were verified with erosion and sedimentation figures from previous research. The study confirmed that monthly erosion mapping would identify the critical months and would allow erosion figures to be linked to specific land uses.