Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Amorphous silicon hexaboride at high pressure

ABSTRACT We investigate the pressure-induced structural phase transformation of amorphous silicon hexaboride (a-SiB6) using a constant pressure first principles approach. a-SiB6 is found to undergo a gradual phase transformation to a high-density amorphous phase (HDA) in which the average coordination number of both B and Si atoms is about 6. The HDA phase consists of differently coordinated motifs ranging from 4 to 8. B12 icosahedra are found to persist during compression of a-SiB6 and the structural modifications primarily occur around Si atoms and in the regions linking pentagonal pyramid-like configurations to each other. Upon pressure release, an amorphous structure, similar to the uncompressed one, is recovered, indicating a reversible amorphous-to-amorphous phase change in a-SiB6. When the electronic structure is considered, the HDA phase is perceived to have a wider forbidden band gap than the uncompressed one.
Production and reproduction performance of indigenous chicken of Assam under rural condition.

The present study was conducted to estimate the different production and reproduction performance of Indigenous chicken in certain districts of Assam under rural condition. The body weight of indigenous chicken ranged from 24.89±0.23 to 26.27±0.23, 740.00±11.67 to 862.25±17.31 and 1012.72±19.05 to 1389.12±35.30 gm at day old, 5 months and 10 months of age, respectively in different districts and communities. The sexual maturity of indigenous chicken found to vary from 160.63±4.61 to 177.27±4.88 days. The egg production per laying cycle and annual egg production ranges from 11.18±0.48 to 15.49±0.45 and 59.90±1.86 to 70.09±2.25 numbers,respectively.The egg weight ranges from 36.68±1.23 to 40.00±1.20g. The hatchability ranges from 79.78±1.13 to 85.01±0.53 in total egg set basis.
The Use of the Indonesian Word ‘Akan’ in Literary Work Across Three Centuries

According to Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (The Indonesian Dictionary), the word akan may act as either an adverb that indicates things or actions taking place in the future or a preposition that relates verbs with any class of words. Commonly, the word akan in Indonesian language is directly translated into modal will in English. However, it may also share a similar meaning as about/regarding/towards in English depending on the context of the text. As Indonesian speakers realize the two different meanings of the word akan, this paper aims to investigate the development of the word in three periods of time. The data used in this paper are Hikayat Hang Tuah, Siti Nurbaya, and Aku, Kau, dan Sepucuk Angpau Merah which represent texts published in the 19, 20, and 21 century, respectively. By using a corpus linguistics software to help with the analysis, the result shows that the word akan always appears as an adverb from the 19 until 21 century. Meanwhile, it appeared as a preposition only in the 19 and 20 century. In other words, the word akan is only used as a modal word among Indonesian speakers in the 21 century. Besides, the preposition akan is used not only to mark a relationship of a direction of destination but also a relationship of
Transcriptional Activity and Protein Levels of Horizontally Acquired Genes in Yeast Reveal Hallmarks of Adaptation to Fermentative Environments

In the past decade, the sequencing of large cohorts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains has revealed a landscape of genomic regions acquired by Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT). The genes acquired by HGT play important roles in yeast adaptation to the fermentation process, improving nitrogen and carbon source utilization. However, the functional characterization of these genes at the molecular level has been poorly attended. In this work, we carried out a systematic analysis of the promoter activity and protein level of 30 genes contained in three horizontally acquired regions commonly known as regions A, B, and C. In three strains (one for each region), we used the luciferase reporter gene and the mCherry fluorescent protein to quantify the transcriptional and translational activity of these genes, respectively. We assayed the strains generated in four different culture conditions; all showed low levels of transcriptional and translational activity across these environments. However, we observed an increase in protein levels under low nitrogen culture conditions, suggesting a possible role of the horizontally acquired genes in the adaptation to nitrogen-limited environments. Furthermore, since the strains carrying the luciferase reporter gene are null mutants for the horizontally acquired genes, we assayed growth parameters (latency time, growth rate, and efficiency) and the fermentation kinetics in this set of deletion strains. The results showed that single deletion of 20 horizontally acquired genes modified the growth parameters, whereas the deletion of five of them altered the maximal CO2 production rate (Vmax). Interestingly, we observed a correlation between growth parameters and Vmax for an ORF within region A, encoding an ortholog to a thiamine (vitamin B1) transporter whose deletion decreased the growth rate, growth efficiency, and CO2 production. Altogether, our results provided molecular and phenotypic evidence highlighting the importance of horizontally acquired genes in yeast adaptation to fermentative environments.
Adolescents’ Experiences and Perspectives on Physical Activity and Friend Influences Over Time

ABSTRACT Purpose: Understanding friend influences on adolescents’ PA, and how these change over time, is fundamental to developing interventions for promoting active lifestyles yet the latter in particular remains unexplored. This study explored the experiences and perspectives of physically active and inactive adolescents regarding the influence of their friends on their PA throughout childhood and adolescence. Methods: Following the completion of a questionnaire, 16 adolescents, 8 boys (4 physically inactive, 4 active) and 8 girls (4 inactive, 4 active), aged 17 ± 1.0 years, were selected from two schools. A qualitative design was adopted whereby each adolescent was interviewed individually. Using the constant comparative method, the interviews were inductively and thematically analyzed. Results: Four main themes were identified: I) PA journeys; II) Friends provide PA benefits); III) Friends matter in PA, but change; IV) Against all odds—rising above others. Compared to the inactive, active adolescents perceived that their friends were fundamental to them becoming and remaining active, specifically in terms of: offering support to internalize an active sense of belonging in different contexts when family support diminished; providing opportunities to be active at key transition points; and helping them to overcome peer victimization. Conclusion: This study confirms the important role of friends in adolescents’ PA, and provides new evidence concerning the changing patterns and influence of friends from childhood to late adolescence. Recommendations are made relating to the role of friends in youth PA with a view to improving the effectiveness of approaches to promoting active lifestyles.
Minimal Walking Technicolor Simulation using Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)

The Minimal Walking Technicolor (MWT) has been studied extensively and it was an excellent candidate for breaking the electroweak symmetry. However, to verify the correctness of the Lagrangian of the minimal walking Technicolor, the theoretical simulation of the Feynman rules that are extracted from Lagrangian of MWT must be identical to the data accumulated from practical experiments that are done by the large hadron collider (LHC). In this paper we amplified the rare events by generating samples similar to the original distribution usinga generative adversarial network (GAN). The visualization of the results indicates that the minimal walking Technicolor could be the best model to interpret the ambiguous phenomena.
Has Rural Migration Weakened Agricultural Cultivation? Evidence from the Mountains of Southwest China

Linkages between rural migration and agricultural restructuring have become a key aspect of rapid urbanization in developing countries and a research focus for optimizing rural–urban development and rural reconstruction. Using continuous statistical data from the mountains of Southwest China, we examined the structure, changes and regional differences in agricultural cultivation under urbanization, analyzed the reasons for the restructuring of agricultural cultivation, and revealed the adaptation linkages between the rural–urban transition and agricultural restructuring. The results showed that land-use changes and rural migration caused by urbanization significantly affected the cultivation structure and its change trends: the proportion of food crops decreased, while the proportion of vegetables and orchards increased. However, regional differences in the agricultural cultivation structure were significant in the various township zones. Rural migration weakened agricultural cultivation in the lake basin and nationality townships but enhanced agricultural cultivation in the river valley townships. On the basis of the adaptation linkages of urbanization, rural migration, agricultural intensification, cultivation structure and economic development, chain-type changes and adaptation processes between rural migration and agricultural restructuring were demonstrated. These findings indicate that favorable locations and appropriate policies can promote the integration and restructuring of smallholder agriculture for commercialization and intensification and vice versa.
The Classification of OECD Countries in Terms of Life Satisfaction Using Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis

Life satisfaction (LS) measures how people assess their lives as a whole, not their present emotions. Measuring emotions can be very subjective, but it is still a useful completion to more objective data when comparing quality of life across countries. Many questionnaires are used to measure especially LS and happiness. The Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLSDA) is a statistical method for classification and includes an ordinary Partial Least Squares Regression, where the dependent variable is categorical that represents each observation's class membership. In this study, the purpose is to classify 35 OECD countries correctly to their predefined classes (above or below the average LS level of OECD) by using year 2017 Better Life Index data. In the analyses PLSDA, a flexible supervised classification method, is used. PLSDA is a preferable alternative method in case of some assumptions not satisfied for classical discriminant analysis. The results showed that PLSDA has a satisfying classification performance and self-reported health (SH) is only effective variable in determining the LS levels of countries
Research on the Influencing Factors of Capital Structure of Listed Companies in China

Since the reform and opening up, China has implemented a variety of policies to open up a variety of financing methods for the development of the capital market. With the changes of the times, the capital structure of listed companies is constantly developing and improving. An important part of the economy, but the capital structure of China's listed companies is even more deficient. Based on the composition of the capital structure and related theories, this paper aims to find out the deficiencies of the capital structure of China's listed companies, and proposes some solutions to improve the current situation and corresponding optimization measures.
Evaluation of financial and tax institution on the transformation & upgrading of manufacturing industry: Based on the investigation of Chinese private enterprises

This paper uses the DEA and C-D functions to analyze the Transition & Upgrading efficiency of the manufacturing industry and the policy incentive effect. It is found that the overall Transition & Upgrading efficiency of manufacturing industry is low, the scale efficiency is good, the technical efficiency is low, and the overall scale return is decreasing, indicating that the investment resource structure and direction should be optimized. Tax policy has positive incentive to some extent while fiscal policy has negative impact. It mainly through the investment of science and technology funds in Transition & Upgrading efficiency. In addition, the level of entrepreneurs in private manufacturing industry is negatively correlated with the efficiency of Transition & Upgrading, and foreign trade can reverse promote the improvement of the efficiency of Transition & Upgrading.
Endoscopic single-image size measurements

In the practice of clinical gastrointestinal endoscopy, precise estimation of the size of a lesion/finding, such as a polyp, is quintessential in diagnosis, e.g. risk estimation for malignancy. However, various studies confirmed that endoscopic assessment of lesion size has inherent limitations and significant measurement errors. Image-based methods proposed for in-vivo-size measurements, rely on reference objects such as the endoscopic biopsy forceps. The aforementioned problem becomes more challenging in the field of capsule endoscopy, as capsules lack navigation and/or biopsy capabilities. To cope with this problem, we propose a methodology that requires only an endoscopic image—without any need for a reference object—in order to estimate the size of an object of interest in it. The first step in this methodology requires the user to define a linear segment within the image. Then, it takes into consideration the intrinsic parameters of the camera, to project known 3D points on the 2D image plane. With known 3D to 2D point correspondences, in order to perform a measurement, a rough approximation of the distance between the object of interest and the camera is needed. For this purpose, a convolutional neural network is utilized which generates depth maps from monocular images. The proposed methodology is validated by experimentation performed in a 3D printed model of the human colon. The results show that it is feasible to measure the size of various objects in endoscopic images with a mean absolute error of 1.10 mm ± 0.89 mm.
Embryonic Mortality in Domestic Species

This comprehensive text contains extensive literature citations summarizing available information on causes and possible therapies for reducing embryonic mortality in domestic farm species. Chapters devoted to the cause of embryonic mortality in swine, cattle, sheep (goats) and horses provide in-depth insight. Germinal chapters on fertilization failure, nutritional factors relating to embryonic loss and immunological aspects of embryonic loss are provided.
Redescription of two terrestrial hypotrichous ciliates from Jindo Island, Korea

Two hypotrichous ciliates inhabiting the representative terrestrial habitats of Jindo Island, Holostichides chardezi Foissner, 1987 and Rigidocortex octonucleatus (Foissner, 1988) are found from Jindo Island. These two species are newly recorded from Korea. The description was based on the observation of living specimens, protargol impregnated specimens and biometric analysis. The morphological variations among the populations of these species were investigated with morphometry. The diagnostic characteristics of these species are as follows: Holostichides chardezi : elongate body flexible and twisted, yellowish subpellicular granules scattered entire cortex, adoral zone of membranelles covering about of body length, left and right rows of mid-ventral cirri paired, left row ended at buccal vertex and right row extending to center of body, no transverse cirri, both marginal rows of cirri not confluent at posterior end, 28-42 macronuclei and 1-5 micronuclei scattered entire body. 3 caudal cirri and 4 dorsal kineties. Rigidocortex octonucleatues: elongate-oval body rigid and not contractile, yellowish cytoplasmic crystals and fat globules densely packed, adoral zone of membranelles covering about of body length, 5 transverse cirri, both marginal rows of cirri not confluent at posterior end, 8 macronuclei longitudinally arranged in median of cell, 3 caudal cirri and 7-10 fragmented dorsal kineties.
Lifecycle-Aware Online Video Caching

The current explosion of video traffic compels service providers to deploy caches at edge networks. Nowadays, most caching systems store data with a high programming voltage corresponding to the largest possible ‘expiry date’, typically on the order of years, which maximizes the cache damage. However, popular videos rarely exhibit lifecycles longer than a couple of months. Consequently, the programming voltage can instead be adapted to fit the lifecycle and mitigate the cache damage accordingly. In this paper, we propose LiA-cache, a Lifecycle-Aware caching policy for online videos. LiA-cache finds both near-optimal caching retention times and cache eviction policies by optimizing traffic delivery cost and cache damage cost conjointly. We first investigate temporal patterns of video access from a real-world dataset covering 10 million online videos collected by one of the largest mobile network operators in the world. We next cluster the videos based on their access lifecycles and integrate the clustering into a general model of the caching system. Specifically, LiA-cache analyzes videos and caches them depending on their cluster label. Compared to other popular policies in real-world scenarios, LiA-cache can reduce cache damage up to 90 perce, while keeping a cache hit ratio close to a policy purely relying on video popularity.
Inoculation avec Mycosphaerella sp., agent de cercosporioses, de fragments de feuilles de bananiers maintenus en survie

Les bananiers, cultives dans plus de 120 pays de la zone tropicale, constituent une base alimentaire majeure pour plus de 400 millions de personnes. Les cercosporioses, maladies foliaires graves dues a Mycosphaerella fijiensis ou M. musicola, affectent la totalite des zones de culture et sont considerees comme une des contraintes majeures pour les productions bananieres. Bien qu'efficace, l'utilisation de fongicides est polluante, non durable (apparition de resistance) et inaccessible pour les petits producteurs. Ainsi, l'utilisation de varietes resistantes est consideree comme le moyen de lutte le plus approprie et le plus durable. Un test miniature d'interaction Bananier/Mycosphaerella a ete mis' au point afin d'etudier la resistance des bananiers et la variabilite du pouvoir pathogene. (Resume d'auteur)
Classification algorithms for modeling economic choice

The article shows how some novel machine learning algorithms can be applied to economic problems of discrete binary choice. An examination is made of three typical business tasks – classifying overdraft applications, credit risk management, and marketing segmentation. Both traditional econometric methods (logistic regression and linear discriminant analysis) as well as five more advanced machine learning algorithms (neural networks, k-nearest neighbours, naïve Bayes classifier, random forest, and support vector machine) have been used for modelling these tasks. For all the classification tasks, the random forest algorithm robustly registers improved forecasting accuracy over the more traditional approaches. This underlines the need to supplement the classical econometric toolbox with innovative methods, with the random forest, the support vector machine, and the neural network being prime candidates.
Mechanism of Soret‐Dufour, magnetohydrodynamics, heat and mass transfer flow with buoyancy force, and viscous dissipation effects

This paper examined the mechanism of both positive and negative effects of Soret‐Dufour with heat and mass transfer processes over an accelerating permeable surface. The partial differential flow equations were simplified using similarity variables, and the resulting equations were solved numerically using the spectral homotopy analysis method (SHAM). The SHAM is used in separating nonlinear equations into linear and nonlinear. The physics of each pertinent flow parameters was used to examine their influence on velocity, temperature, and concentration fields. The effect of Soret‐Dufour was examined separately, and its negative effect was used to determine its influence on velocity, temperature, and concentration fields. The result revealed that positive Soret‐Dufour enhances the boundary layer, whereas negative Soret‐Dufour parameter decreases the boundary layer. The result presented in this paper is in good agreement with existing works in literature.
Mechanistic basis of NMDA receptor channel property variation

Glutamate mediates the majority of fast excitatory neurotransmission in the vertebrate brain. Glutamate receptors (GluRs) transduce signals in two ways: metabotropic GluRs signal via intracellular G proteins, whereas ionotropic GluRs (iGluRs) open intrinsic ion channels in response to agonist binding. NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are glutamate- and glycine-gated iGluRs that play critical roles in spatial learning, contextual fear memory acquisition, synapse elimination, and chronic pain. Their particularly high calcium (Ca2+) permeability and strongly voltage-dependent channel block by external magnesium (Mg2+) distinguish NMDARs from other iGluRs. Mg2+ channel block of NMDARs inhibits current influx through the majority of agonist-bound, open NMDARs at resting membrane potentials (Vms), but this block is relieved by depolarization. Thus, significant current flow through NMDARs requires presynaptic activity (glutamate release) and postsynaptic activity (depolarization to relieve Mg2+ channel block), conferring on NMDARs a coincidence-detection capability that is central to their physiological importance. To mediate this and other important functions, NMDARs require tight regulation of the voltage-dependent Mg2+ block that provides crucial control of NMDAR-mediated current flow and Ca2+ influx. NMDARs are typically composed of NR1 and NR2 subunits. The four NR2 subunits (NR2A-D) contribute to four diheteromeric NMDAR subtypes (NR1/2A-NR1/2D), which differ in many respects, including the magnitudes of channel block by Mg2+, Ca2+ permeability, and single-channel conductance. Previously-gathered data from our lab demonstrates that the subtype specificity of Mg2+ block is principally conferred by a single amino acid site in the third transmembrane region (M3) of NR2 subunits. This "NR2 S/L site" contains a serine in NR2A and NR2B subunits and a leucine in NR2C and NR2D subunits. Surprisingly, the NR2 S/L site does not line the pore. I created several structural homology models of NMDARs to generate hypotheses regarding how the NR2 S/L site conveys its effects to the pore. I tested these hypotheses experimentally and found that the NR2 S/L site interacts with an NR1 subunit tryptophan in the pore-loop to regulate Mg2+ block properties. I further determined that the NR2 S/L site greatly contributes to the subtype variation in single-channel conductance, and likely plays a role in the subtype variation in Ca2+ permeability.
Two-dimensional nanomaterials for Förster resonance energy transfer–based sensing applications

Abstract Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)–based sensing has been steadily gaining popularity in the areas of biochemical analysis, environmental monitoring, and disease diagnosis in the past 20 years. Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are extensively used as donors and acceptors in the FRET sensing because of their attractive optical and chemical properties. In this review, we first present the FRET theory and calculations to give readers a better understanding of the FRET phenomenon. Then, we discuss the recent research advances in using 2D nanomaterials as donors and acceptor in FRET sensing. Finally, we summarize the existing challenges and future directions of 2D nanomaterials in the FRET sensing applications.