Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Study on Incidence and Prognostic Value of Jaundice in Patients of Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in Jharkhand

Introduction: Malaria is still one the most important protozoan disease causing significant mortality. One of the causes may be because of atypical presentation of the disease resulting in delay in diagnosis and treatment. Jaundice is one the important predictors of severity of the disease. Jaundice when present alone indicates severe disease and when in combination with other complications ARF (Acute Renal Failure) indicates poor prognosis. Material and Method: A hospital based prospective observational study was done on 71 confirmed cases of P. falciparum malaria admitted in our hospital from July 2017 to August 2018. Result: The total no. of cases in the study was 71. The mean age of the patients was 34.76 ± 12.81 years. Majority of the cases (49) were seen in age group 20 -39 years (69.01%). On looking at the sex distribution, total no. of cases among males were 53 (74.64%) and 18 were females (23.35%), no. of males was more than females. Majority of the patients came from rural areas 51 (71.83%) as compared to urban areas 20 (28.17%) this may be due to poverty, lack of proper education and living in unhygienic conditions. 32.39% of the patients (23) were tribal and 67.61 % (48) were non-tribals. According to serum bilirubin levels, patients were classified into two Groups A (53 patients, serum bilirubin <3 mg/dl), B (18 patients, serum bilirubin > 3 mg/dl). Group B patients had total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, SGPT, and alkaline phosphatase levels in the range of 9.67±7.37 mg/dl, 5.22±4.31mg/dl, 4.46±3.85 mg/dl, 119.39± 99.07 IU/L, 62.22±40.18 IU/L, and 126.17±46.12 U/L, respectively. Conclusion: We suggest that jaundice in P. falciparum malaria can serve as an important prognostic factor indicating a severe disease as serum bilirubin rises. When it is associated with ARF prognosis becomes bad. Jaundice with fever in an malaria endemic country like India, P. falciparum malaria should always be ruled out.
Trophic strategy and bleaching resistance in reef-building corals

Heterotrophic corals with large polyps bleach later than autotrophic corals with small polyps. Ocean warming increases the incidence of coral bleaching, which reduces or eliminates the nutrition corals receive from their algal symbionts, often resulting in widespread mortality. In contrast to extensive knowledge on the thermal tolerance of coral-associated symbionts, the role of the coral host in bleaching patterns across species is poorly understood. Here, we applied a Bayesian analysis of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope data to determine the trophic niche overlap between corals and their symbionts and propose benchmark values that define autotrophy, heterotrophy, and mixotrophy. The amount of overlap between coral and symbiont niche was negatively correlated with polyp size and bleaching resistance. Our results indicated that as oceans warm, autotrophic corals lose their competitive advantage and thus are the first to disappear from coral reefs.
A Bayesian experimental autonomous researcher for mechanical design

Automated testing, Bayesian optimization, and additive manufacturing combine for the autonomous design of structures. While additive manufacturing (AM) has facilitated the production of complex structures, it has also highlighted the immense challenge inherent in identifying the optimum AM structure for a given application. Numerical methods are important tools for optimization, but experiment remains the gold standard for studying nonlinear, but critical, mechanical properties such as toughness. To address the vastness of AM design space and the need for experiment, we develop a Bayesian experimental autonomous researcher (BEAR) that combines Bayesian optimization and high-throughput automated experimentation. In addition to rapidly performing experiments, the BEAR leverages iterative experimentation by selecting experiments based on all available results. Using the BEAR, we explore the toughness of a parametric family of structures and observe an almost 60-fold reduction in the number of experiments needed to identify high-performing structures relative to a grid-based search. These results show the value of machine learning in experimental fields where data are sparse.
Exosomes of Antler Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Cardiopulmonary Bypass Rats through Inhibiting the TLR2/TLR4 Signaling Pathway

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a severe complication of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and has common characteristics such as acute cognitive dysfunction, impaired memory, and inattention. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that have therapeutic potentials mainly through paracrine action via secreting growth factors and cytokines. Exosomes are one of the important paracrine factors and have been reported as potential cell-free therapy for the treatment of autoimmune and central nervous system disorders. In this study, we examined exosomes derived from antler MSCs (AMSCs) of POCD rats after CPB and evaluated their potential regulatory mechanisms. AMSC-derived exosomes reduced neurological damage and brain damage and prevent apoptosis in CPB rats. Furthermore, AMSC-derived exosomes were found to reduce hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and the expression of TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB in CPB rats. However, the above effects of AMSC-derived exosomes on CPB rats were abolished partially by toll-like receptor 2/4 (TLR2/TLR4) agonist (LPS-EB). In conclusion, AMSC-derived exosomes can improve cognitive function in CPB rats through inhibiting the TLR2/TLR4 signaling pathway.
Electronic Medical Record Inaccuracies: Multicenter Analysis of Challenges with Modified Lung Cancer Screening Criteria

The National Comprehensive Cancer Network expanded their lung cancer screening (LCS) criteria to comprise one additional clinical risk factor, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The electronic medical record (EMR) is a source of clinical information that could identify high-risk populations for LCS, including a diagnosis of COPD; however, an unsubstantiated COPD diagnosis in the EMR may lead to inappropriate LCS referrals. We aimed to detect the prevalence of unsubstantiated COPD diagnosis in the EMR for LCS referrals, to determine the efficacy of utilizing the EMR as an accurate population-based eligibility screening “trigger” using modified clinical criteria. We performed a multicenter review of all individuals referred to three LCS programs from 2012 to 2015. Each individual's EMR was searched for COPD diagnostic terms and the presence of a diagnostic pulmonary functionality test (PFT). An unsubstantiated COPD diagnosis was defined by an individual's EMR containing a COPD term with no PFTs present, or the presence of PFTs without evidence of obstruction. A total of 2834 referred individuals were identified, of which 30% (840/2834) had a COPD term present in their EMR. Of these, 68% (571/840) were considered unsubstantiated diagnoses: 86% (489/571) due to absent PFTs and 14% (82/571) due to PFTs demonstrating no evidence of postbronchodilation obstruction. A large proportion of individuals referred for LCS may have an unsubstantiated COPD diagnosis within their EMR. Thus, utilizing the EMR as a population-based eligibility screening tool, employing expanded criteria, may lead to individuals being referred, potentially, inappropriately for LCS.
Assessing the Changes of Mumps Characteristics with Different Vaccination Strategies Using Surveillance Data: Importance to Introduce the 2-Dose Schedule in Quzhou of China

Background From 2005 to 2016, the prevention and control of mumps in China have undergone three stages of transition. These include the use of MuCV as a self-supported vaccine, the introduction of one-dose MMR to the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI), and the administration of two-dose MuCV following supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) using MM. Here, using surveillance data, we assessed the epidemiology of mumps during the three stages. Methods Children in Quzhou of China born from 2005 to 2016 and registered in the Zhejiang Provincial Immunization Information System (ZJIIS) were included. We analyzed the epidemic data and calculated incidence and MuCV coverage via birth cohorts. Results The average incidence of mumps in 2005-2006, 2007-2010, and 2011-2016 was 51.57, 41.02, and 12.53 per 100,000 individuals, respectively. The highest incidence was in children aged 6-14 years from 2005-2016, of which the majority were school students (67.84%). Approximately 90% of the reported outbreaks occurred in school children (primary school/middle school). The seasonal characteristics of mumps were less obvious from 2011 to 2016. The coverage of one-dose MMR in the 2005 birth cohort was 71.38%. For the 2006-2010 birth cohort, the coverage of one-dose MuCV was 96.82% and the coverage of two-dose MuCV was 17.68%. The children born from 2011 to 2016 were only free vaccinated with MMR; the coverage of one-dose MuCV was 99.10%. The mumps incidence in the three birth cohorts significantly declined (X2 = 805.90, P < 0.001 for trend). Except the children less than two years old, the mumps incidence for the children born from 2006 to 2010 was higher than that for the children born from 2011 to 2016. Conclusion The mumps incidence significantly declined following the introduction of one-dose MMR. The SIA using MM led to a rapid reduction of mumps cases. Therefore, we recommend a two-dose MuCV routine immunization schedule and improved vaccination coverage.
Sex-Related Differences in Acetazolamide-Induced Cerebral Vasomotor Reactivity

Background and Purpose Cerebral vasomotor reactivity can easily be assessed reliably by measuring vasodilatory response to acetazolamide by transcranial Doppler sonography. The aim of this study was to confirm the hypothesis that female sex is associated with an increased cerebrovascular flow reserve. Methods Blood flow velocity of the middle cerebral artery was measured by transcranial Doppler sonography in 36 healthy sex- and age-matched subjects. After the initial blood flow velocities were recorded, the subjects received 14.3 mg/kg body wt acetazolamide, ie, 1 g/70 kg, intravenously. The measurements were repeatedly performed at 5-minute intervals starting 10 minutes after injection and lasting for 30 minutes. The highest measured flow velocities were used for further analysis. Results In both groups mean blood flow velocity increased significantly after acetazolamide (women, from 60.2±12.5 to 89.9±14.4 cm/s, P<.006; men, from 54.5±18.8 to 75.7±24.5 cm/s, P<.02). The difference in mean blood flow velo.
Decoding Speech Perception by Native and Non-Native Speakers Using Single-Trial Electrophysiological Data

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are systems that use real-time analysis of neuroimaging data to determine the mental state of their user for purposes such as providing neurofeedback. Here, we investigate the feasibility of a BCI based on speech perception. Multivariate pattern classification methods were applied to single-trial EEG data collected during speech perception by native and non-native speakers. Two principal questions were asked: 1) Can differences in the perceived categories of pairs of phonemes be decoded at the single-trial level? 2) Can these same categorical differences be decoded across participants, within or between native-language groups? Results indicated that classification performance progressively increased with respect to the categorical status (within, boundary or across) of the stimulus contrast, and was also influenced by the native language of individual participants. Classifier performance showed strong relationships with traditional event-related potential measures and behavioral responses. The results of the cross-participant analysis indicated an overall increase in average classifier performance when trained on data from all participants (native and non-native). A second cross-participant classifier trained only on data from native speakers led to an overall improvement in performance for native speakers, but a reduction in performance for non-native speakers. We also found that the native language of a given participant could be decoded on the basis of EEG data with accuracy above 80%. These results indicate that electrophysiological responses underlying speech perception can be decoded at the single-trial level, and that decoding performance systematically reflects graded changes in the responses related to the phonological status of the stimuli. This approach could be used in extensions of the BCI paradigm to support perceptual learning during second language acquisition.
A Compact Microelectrode Array Chip with Multiple Measuring Sites for Electrochemical Applications

In this paper we demonstrate the fabrication and electrochemical characterization of a microchip with 12 identical but individually addressable electrochemical measuring sites, each consisting of a set of interdigitated electrodes acting as a working electrode as well as two circular electrodes functioning as a counter and reference electrode in close proximity. The electrodes are made of gold on a silicon oxide substrate and are passivated by a silicon nitride membrane. A method for avoiding the creation of high edges at the electrodes (known as lift-off ears) is presented. The microchip design is highly symmetric to accommodate easy electronic integration and provides space for microfluidic inlets and outlets for integrated custom-made microfluidic systems on top.
Stimulation of enzyme secretion in rat pancreatic slices by cholinergic agonists or by cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ) and its peptide analogs

Stimulation of enzyme secretion in rat pancreatic slices by cholinergic agonists or by cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ) and its peptide analogs showed a biphasic dose response curve. The optimal concentrations eliciting an efficient rate of enzyme secretion were 1 /~M for carbamylcholine or acetylcholine, and 5 nM and 20 nM for CCK-PZ octapeptide and CCK-PZ, respectively. At higher concentrations of secretagogues, however, the rate of secretion progressively declined, and almost complete inhibition was achieved at 1 mM of carbamylcholine or acetylcholine and at 0.1 /~M of CCK-PZ or its octapeptide analog. Atropine displaced the dose-response curve for carbamylcholine to the right so that in the presence of 7/~M atropine a concentration of 1 mM carbamylcholine now gave an optimal rate of enzyme secretion. The ionophore A-23187 which bypasses the receptor and elicits enzyme secretion did not relieve the inhibition caused by supraoptimal concentrations of secretagogues, indicating that the inhibition occurs at the cellular rather than at the receptor level. Secretin had no effect on the inhibition of enzyme secretion by a high concentration of carbamylcholine, indicating that the inhibition was not caused by lack of water and electrolyte secretion. The energy-producing metabolism was not affected since the ATP level in the pancreatic slices was the same in the presence of either inhibitory or optimal concentrations of secretagogues. The inhibition of enzyme secretion was reversible since restoration of efficient enzyme secretion occurred after removal of carbamylcholine (1 raM) by washing, followed by addition of an optimal concentration of CCK-PZ octapeptide. Morphological studies revealed that the presence of inhibitory concentrations of secretagogues caused severe distortion of the lumen structure: disruption of the filamentous system surrounding the lumen, disappearance of microvilli, and production of distended evaginations of the luminal membrane containing cellular material. These changes eventually caused a reduction in the size of the lumen which becomes plugged with secretory material. It is suggested that these changes in the microtubular microfilamentous system could account for the inhibition of enzyme secretion. THE JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY" VOLUME 76, 1978' pages 467-482 467 on April 30, 2019 jcb.rupress. org Downloaded from http://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.76. 2.467 Published Online: 1 February, 1978 | Supp Info:
Availability of secondary prevention services after stroke in Europe: An ESO/SAFE survey of national scientific societies and stroke experts

Background Recurrent stroke is associated with increased disability and cognitive impairment, but the availability of secondary prevention measures after transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or stroke in Europe is uncertain. This limits prioritisation of investment and development of national stroke strategies. Methods National stroke representatives throughout Europe were surveyed. Consensus panels reported national data if available, or else expert opinion, estimating the availability of each intervention by quintiles of patients, dichotomised for analysis at 60%. Countries were classified into tertiles of gross domestic product per capita. Results Of 50 countries, 46 responded; 14/45 (31%) had national stroke registries and 25/46 (54.3%) had national stroke strategies incorporating secondary prevention. Respondents reported that the majority of TIA patients were assessed by specialist services within 48 hours in 74.4% of countries, but in nine countries more than 20% of patients were seen after more than seven days and usually assessed by non-specialists (7/46 countries). Eighty percent of countries deferred blood pressure assessment to primary care, whilst lifestyle management programmes were commonly available in only 46% of countries. Although basic interventions were widely available, interventions frequently not available to more than 60% of patients included: ambulatory cardiac monitoring (40% countries); prescription (26%) and continuation (46%) of statins; blood pressure control at follow-up (44%); carotid endarterectomy within one month (15%); face-to-face follow-up in hospital (33%); direct oral anticoagulants (21%). Gross domestic product per capita and reimbursement of interventions were the commonest predictors of availability of interventions. Conclusions Provision of secondary prevention varied, with gaps in care prevalent throughout Europe, particularly in lower income countries.
The limited role of NH 2 -terminal c-Jun phosphorylation in neuronal apoptosis: Identiﬁcation of the nuclear pore complex as a potential target of the JNK pathway

-Jun is induced in many neuronal death paradigms. A critical step in c-Jun regulation involves phosphorylation of Ser63/Ser73 located in the NH 2 -terminal transactivation domain. To determine the importance of this phosphorylation for neuronal apoptosis, we analyzed the sympathetic neurons of mice carrying a mutant c-Jun gene that lacks Ser63/Ser73 phosphorylation sites ( jun aa ). Trophic factor–deprivation or DNA damage–induced death was significantly delayed in jun aa/aa neurons. Neuronal c-Jun induction was only partially inhibited, demonstrating that phosphorylation of Ser63/73 is not c required for c-Jun activation. The inductions of proapoptotic BH3-only proteins, Bim and PUMA/Bbc3, were delayed during neuronal apoptosis in mutant neurons. These results demonstrate that NH 2 -terminal c-Jun phosphorylation is important, but not necessary, for the induction of proapoptotic genes and neuronal apoptosis. Thus, additional JNK substrates may be critical for neuronal death. As potential mediators, we identified additional nuclear MLK/JNK substrates, including Nup214 subunit of the nuclear pore complex.
EFFECTS OF BACTERIAL ENDOTOXINS ON METABOLISM

There exists an inverse proportionality between number of heat-killed cells of Salmonella typhimurium injected intraperitoneally into mice and the quantity of urinary nitrogen the animals excrete during a 17 hour period following the subcutaneous administration of 2 units of ACTH. This relationship has been developed into an assay for bacterial endotoxin. Mice immunized against S. typhimurium require 10 to 20 times the number of cells needed by control animals to suppress urinary nitrogen excretion to the same extent. Intravenous saccharated iron oxide sensitizes animals so that fewer heat-killed salmonellae can be detected. Heat-killed cells of Staphylococcus aureus are without effect in the assay. Several lipopolysaccharides derived from Gram-negative bacteria are effective in preventing the rise of urinary nitrogen excreted in response to ACTH and the amount required, compared to the LD50, is in the same ratio for all of them. Citrated mouse serum partially inactivates the endotoxin during in vitro incubation for 1 hour at 37°C. while normal serum does not. Dichloroisoproterenol protects mice against the lethal effects of lipopolysaccharide and it lowers its effectiveness in the assay. The minimum amount of endotoxin reliably determined by the test is 0.25 µg. of an E. coli preparation that was given intravenously in mice in which the reticuloendothelial system had been "blocked" with saccharated iron oxide.
Commentary Voltage-sensing and Substate Rectiﬁcation: Moving Parts of Connexin Channels

several in the structure– function of connexin channels, and a structural link between voltage-sensitive gating and the charge in the pore. Previous on connexin32 (Cx32) noted a correlation between the sign of voltage-sensing charges and the rectiﬁcation of the subconductance state induced by movement of those charges. The present work investigates in detail the permeability properties of the subconductance state induced by voltage in channels composed of connexin43 (Cx43). The results impart generality to an intriguing structural re-lationship between voltage-dependent gating and modulation of pore charge selectivity. They also show how the single-channel gating physiology may relate to the molecular signaling function of connexin channels.
Treatment Modalities for Post Corrosive Esophageal Strictures: 5 Years Experience

Background: Management of post-corrosive esophageal strictures represents a major challenge for clinicians. There are many options for treatment as dilatation alone or dilatation with injection of corticosteroids, stent placement, and surgery. The aims of the study: This is a retrospective study to assess the success rate of different treatment modalities for post-corrosive esophageal stricture including: endoscopic dilatation, stenting or surgery and to define any complications. Methods: Clinical and endoscopic data for patients with post-corrosive esophageal stricture admitted to the endoscopy unit between September 2012 and September 2017 were collected. Retrospective analysis of data was done to detect the types of treatment, success rate and any detectable complications. Results: A total of 50 patients with their ages ranged between 3 and 20 years were included in this study. Male patients represented 54% (27 patients) and females were 23 (46%). The cause of caustic material ingestion was mainly accidental (47 patients, 94%) and only 3 patients were suicidal (6%). Dilatation was successful in most cases either with or without injection of corticosteroids (39 patients, 78%). Stenting was a good option in cases of refractory or recurrent dilatations (11 patients; 22%) with excellent results. Surgery rarely needed (only in one patient) and only when dilatation and stenting failed. Conclusions: Endoscopic treatment of post-corrosive esophageal stricture has a good result and low rate of complications. The covered self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) is a good option in cases of refractory strictures, surgery rarely needed and after failure of previous modalities.