Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effects of dietary starch and sucrose on tissue responsiveness and sensitivity to insulin in goats fed a high-concentrate diet

A glucose clamp technique was used to compare dietary starch (ST), starch plus sucrose (ST+SU) and sucrose (SU) with regard to the effect on tissue responsiveness and sensitivity to insulin in intact adult male goats. The goats were fed diets containing 1.2 times of ME and CP for maintenance requirements twice daily for 21 d. Of the energy intake, 30% was offered with ST, ST+SU or SU for the respective diets, and 70% as alfalfa hay, ground corn and ground soybean meal at the respective weight ratio of 1, 1, and 0.3 for all diets. Tissue responsiveness and sensitivity to insulin were evaluated using a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp technique with four levels of insulin infusion beyond 13 h after feeding. The concentrations of plasma metabolites and insulin were also determined at 3, 6 and 13 h after feeding to evaluate the effects of different carbohydrates on metabolic states in the body. Plasma glucose concentration was higher (p = 0.01) for SU diet than for ST and ST+SU diets. Increasing SU intake decreased (p<0.01) plasma acetate concentration across the time. At 3 h but not 6 and 13 h after feeding, high lactate (p = 0.01), and non-significant high propionate (p = 0.14) and low urea nitrogen (p = 0.19) concentrations were observed in plasma on SU compared with ST and ST+SU diets. Plasma insulin concentration was not different (p = 0.44) between ST and SU fed animals. In the glucose clamp experiment, considering the effects on the maximal glucose infusion rate (tissue responsiveness to insulin, p = 0.54) and the plasma insulin concentration at half-maximal glucose infusion rate (insulin sensitivity, p = 0.54), SU was not different from ST. It is concluded that SU may not be greatly different from ST with regard to the effect on tissue responsiveness and sensitivity to insulin in adult goats when fed twice daily as part of a high-concentrate diet. The possible greater effects of SU on plasma metabolites concentrations at 3 h than at 6 and 13 h after feeding suggest that a lack of persistency of SU effects during the postfeeding period may be associated with the poor response to SU in insulin action.
Integrated screen printed capacitors in a GaN DC-DC converter allowing double side cooling

Modern power electronics is focused on highly efficient, compact and cost-effective converters. In this paper, gallium nitride (GaN) transistors, multicell topology and integrated capacitors are combined to achieve these objectives. The first results of a 48V-to-5V DC/DC 3-level converter using integrated screen printed capacitors are presented. The power board is designed by assembling a ceramic substrate, with integrated capacitors using a Kapton® film as an insulation layer, and a multilayer PCB substrate for the active components. The integrated screen-printed capacitors technique and the proposed power board assembly allow double side cooling of the power semiconductors.
Mediastenal Thymoma in a Young Female Diagnosed on FNAC: A Rare Case Report

Thymoma is a rare malignancy of unknown etiology. Thymoma is exceedingly uncommon in children and young adults. A cytologic diagnosis of thymoma is extremely challenging as the tumor is uncommon and aspirates are infrequently encountered. With this case report, we want to emphasize the importance of the fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of this rare neoplasm.
Percutaneous coronary intervention and the no-reflow phenomenon

No-reflow during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is observed most commonly during saphenous vein graft intervention, rotational atherectomy and primary PCI for acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction. The contributions of distal embolization and ischemia/reperfusion injury to the pathogenesis of no-reflow vary in these settings, as does prevention and management. Prevention of no-reflow in these high-risk groups is the best treatment strategy, employing antiplatelet agents, vasodilators and/or mechanical devices to prevent distal embolization. Once mechanical factors are excluded as a cause for reduced epicardial flow, the treatment of established no-reflow is mainly pharmacologic, since the obstruction occurs at the level of the microvasculature. Compared with patients in whom no-reflow is transient, refractory no-reflow is associated with a markedly increased risk of 30-day mortality.
Nebulisers for bronchiectasis

from scanty to copious. Patients with bronchiectasis have a number of other symptoms ‐ pectorated fluid/mucus by a small amount, similar to the weight of the nebulised solution some are breathless with impaired lung function, usually predominantly an obstructive (only a 25% increase in the expectorated weight compared with physiotherapy alone). Interestventilatory defect, and asthma is frequent with an incidence of 28% (10 of 36) and 39% (nine ingly, nebulised terbutaline also increased the radioaerosol clearance rate in patients with
Histogenetic types and size of polypoid lesions in the stomach, with special reference to cancerous change.

Histopathological study was made on 473 polypoid lesions in the stomach obtained surgically from 297 patients. The maximum diameter of each polypoid lesion was measured. Histological gradation based on the extent of the epithelial pseudostratification was used as the indicator of the process in the development of a polypoid lesion. Polypoid lesions were also classified histogenetically into the metaplastic and gastric types. The latter type was subdivided into the pure form and the mixed form with secondary metaplasia. The metaplastic type of polypoid lesions revealed a clear correlation between their size and histological grade, and showed a high incidence of cancerous lesions. Almost all polypoid lesions of this group had a diameter less than 20mm in the grades below V. Of the gastric type polypoids, on the other hand, the pure form not associated with intestinal metaplasia rarely underwent malignant change; and the average size of the lesions in each grade was larger than that of the metaplastic type. Approximately 10% of the pure form lesions in grades I, II, and III were found to have diameters larger than 20mm. The gastric type with secondary metaplasia revealed a combined character of both the metaplastic type and the pure gastric type in terms of the size as well as the malignant potential.
Supervised Learning and Knowledge-Based Approaches Applied to Biomedical Word Sense Disambiguation

Abstract Word sense disambiguation (WSD) is an important step in biomedical text mining, which is responsible for assigning an unequivocal concept to an ambiguous term, improving the accuracy of biomedical information extraction systems. In this work we followed supervised and knowledge-based disambiguation approaches, with the best results obtained by supervised means. In the supervised method we used bag-of-words as local features, and word embeddings as global features. In the knowledge-based method we combined word embeddings, concept textual definitions extracted from the UMLS database, and concept association values calculated from the MeSH co-occurrence counts from MEDLINE articles. Also, in the knowledge-based method, we tested different word embedding averaging functions to calculate the surrounding context vectors, with the goal to give more importance to closest words of the ambiguous term. The MSH WSD dataset, the most common dataset used for evaluating biomedical concept disambiguation, was used to evaluate our methods. We obtained a top accuracy of 95.6 % by supervised means, while the best knowledge-based accuracy was 87.4 %. Our results show that word embedding models improved the disambiguation accuracy, proving to be a powerful resource in the WSD task.
Accuracy in the Alteration of Acetaminophen Suppositories

Many pediatric anesthesiologists divide acetaminophen suppositories to achieve an approximate dose. In this three-part study we first surveyed pediatric anesthesiologists regarding their attitudes and frequency of this clinical practice. Second, acetaminophen suppositories were divided for analysis of acetaminophen content. Finally, the accuracy of pediatric anesthesiologists in dividing suppositories was assessed. The survey indicated 50% of anesthesiologists believed acetaminophen was nonuniform and 62% believed the alteration of suppositories was inaccurate. The laboratory investigation revealed uniform distribution of acetaminophen but poor accuracy in achieving the target dose. The findings suggest using only intact suppositories for improved accuracy.
Cutting Edge: Role of Toll-Like Receptor 9 in CpG DNA-Induced Activation of Human Cells1

Unmethylated CpG motifs present in bacterial DNA stimulate a rapid and robust innate immune response. Human cell lines and PBMC that recognize CpG DNA express membrane-bound human Toll-like receptor 9 (hTLR9). Cells that are not responsive to CpG DNA become responsive when transfected with hTLR9. Expression of hTLR9 dramatically increases uptake of CpG (but not control) DNA into endocytic vesicles. Upon cell stimulation, hTLR9 and CpG DNA are found in the same endocytic vesicles. Cells expressing hTLR9 are stimulated by CpG motifs that are active in primates but not rodents, suggesting that evolutionary divergence between TLR9 molecules underlies species-specific differences in the recognition of bacterial DNA. These findings indicate that hTLR9 plays a critical role in the CpG DNA-mediated activation of human cells.
Food pleasantness affects visual selective attention

Fundamental to adaptive behaviour is the ability to select environmental objects that best satisfy current needs and preferences. Here we investigated whether temporary changes in food preference influence visual selective attention. To this end, we exploited the fact that when a food is eaten to satiety its motivational value and perceived pleasantness decrease relative to other foods not eaten in the meal, an effect termed sensory-specific satiety. A total of 26 hungry participants were fed until sated with one of two palatable foods. Before and after selective satiation, participants rated the pleasantness of the two foods and then viewed the same as stimuli on a computer screen while attention was assessed by a visual probe task. Results showed that the attentional bias for the food eaten decreased markedly from pre- to postsatiety, along with the subjective pleasantness for that food. By contrast, subjective pleasantness and attentional bias for the food not eaten did not show any such decrease. These findings suggest that the allocation of visual selective attention is flexibly and rapidly adjusted to reflect temporary shift in relative preference for different foods.
The comparison of the effects of multi and single doses of buspirone, chlordiazepoxide and hydroxyzine on psychomotor function and EEG

Summary— This study compares the effects of buspirone (5 mg), chlordiazepoxide (5 mg), hydroxyzine (10 mg) and placebo on psychomotor function and EEG, when taken thrice daily for a period of two weeks, with those after a single dose administration. Nine healthy volunteers participated in the study. The battery of psychomotor tests included peak velocity of saccadic eye movements (SEM), a Sternberg memory scanning and choice reaction time test (SMS‐CRT) and critical flicker fusion frequency (CFFF). The peak velocity of saccadic eye movements was significantly impaired by the single dose of hydroxyzine (P = 0.03) in comparison to the multidose results. A similar comparison regarding buspirone only approached significance (P = 0.07). The SMS‐CRT and CFFF did not reveal any difference between the multi and single dose regimens. Spectral analysis of the EEG did not distinguish between the multi and single dosage schedules regarding the respective drugs in the low doses administered.
Mode-locked lasers using polyurethane dispersed graphene saturable absorber

A passive mode-locking fiber laser was demonstrated by using polyurethane-dispersed graphene as the saturable absorber (SA). The result showed that laser pulses with 5nm spectral bandwidth and pulse width about 1ps at wavelength 1560nm were demonstrated. This demonstration indicates that graphene can be a potential material for passive mode-locker for ultrafast laser.
Production of Volatile Compounds from Irradiated Oil Emulsion Containing Amino Acids or Proteins

Oil emulsions containing amino acids, glutathione, bovine serum albumin, gelatin, or myofibrillar proteins were prepared. The emulsions were irradiated at 0, 2.5, 5.0, or 10.0 kGy absorbed doses and analyzed for volatile compounds. Irradiation increased the production of aldehydes (for example, hexanal, heptanal, octanal, and nonanal) indicating that lipid oxidation of oil emulsion was accelerated by irradiation. Irradiation produced, by radiolytic degradations, new volatile compounds from oil emulsions containing leucine, valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, methionine, or cysteine. This indicated that radiolysis of protein may play an important role in off-
Acetaminophen in the Post-ischemia Reperfused Myocardium

Acetaminophen was administered acutely at the onset of reperfusion after 20 min of low-flow, global myocardial ischemia in isolated, perfused guinea pig hearts (Langendorff) to evaluate its influence in the postischemia, reperfused myocardium. Similarly prepared hearts were treated with vehicle or with uric acid (another phenol for comparison). Functionally, acetaminophen-treated hearts (0.35 mM) achieved significantly greater recovery during reperfusion. For example, left ventricular developed pressures at 40 min reperfusion were 38 ± 3, 27 ± 3, and 20 ± 2 in the presence of acetaminophen (P < 0.05, relative to the other two groups), vehicle, and uric acid, respectively. Coronary perfusion pressures and calculated coronary vascular resistances, in the acetaminophen-treated hearts, were significantly lower at the same time (e.g., coronary perfusion pressures in the three groups, respectively, were 40 ± 2 [P < 0.05], 51 ± 3, and 65 ± 12 mm Hg). Under baseline, control conditions, creatine kinase ranged from 12–15 units/liter in the three groups. It increased to 35–40 units/liter (P < 0.05) during ischemia but was significantly reduced by acetaminophen during reperfusion (e.g., 5.3 ± 0.8 units/liter at 40 min). Oxidant-mediated chemiluminescence in all three treatment groups during baseline conditions and ischemia was similar (i.e., approximately 1.5–2.0 min for peak luminescence to reach its half maximal value). It took significantly more time during reperfusion for the oxidation of luminol in the presence of acetaminophen (>20 min, P < 0.05) than in its absence (3–8 min in uric acid- and vehicle-treated hearts). These results suggest that administration of acetaminophen (0.35 mM), at the onset of reperfusion, provides anti-oxidant–mediated cardioprotection in the postischemia, reperfused myocardium.
HIV policy: the path forward--a joint position paper of the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American College of Physicians.

Christine Lubinski, Judith Aberg, Arlene D. Bardeguez, Richard Elion, Patricia Emmanuel, Daniel Kuritzkes, Michael Saag, Kathleen E. Squires, Andrea Weddle, Jennifer Rainey, M. Renee Zerehi, J. Fred Ralston, David A. Fleming, David Bronson, Molly Cook, Charles Cutler, Yul Ejnes, Robert Gluckman, Mark Liebow, Kenneth Musana, Mark E. Mayer, Mark W. Purtle, P. Preston Reynolds, Lavanya Viswanathan, Kevin B. Weiss, and Baligh Yehia HIV Medicine Association, Infectious Diseases Society of America, Arlington, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, and Virginia Commonwealth University, Glen Allen, Virginia; Bellevue Hospital Center, New York University Medical School, New York, New York; University of Medicine and Dentistry–New Jersey Medical School, Newark; Elizabeth Taylor Medical Center and American College of Physicians, Washington, DC; University of South Florida, Tampa; Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham; Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Halle T. Debas Academy of Medical Educators, University of California, San Franscisco; Fayetteville Medical Associates, Fayetteville, Tennessee; University of Missouri Center for Health Ethics, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; Cleveland Clinic Medicine Institute and General Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Coastal Medical, Cranston, Rhode Island; Graduate Medical Education Clinics, Providence Physician Division, Portland, Oregon; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Central Iowa Hospital Corporation, Des Moines; American Board of Medical Specialists, Evanston, Illinois; and Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, and Uniformed Services University of the Health Services, Bethesda, Maryland
Propriospinal fibers in the white matter of the cat sacral spinal cord

The propriospinal system, which consists of those neurons completely contained within the spinal cord, is important because it underlies much spinal behavior. To provide quantitative data on this system, the present study determines numbers of axons in the isolated S2 cat spinal cord and compares these figures with the normal. The conclusion is that 60% of the fibers in the spinal cord at this location are propriospinal. Findings of particular interest are that the great majority of unmyelinated propriospinal axons are found in the dorsal part of the lateral funiculus, and that there are large numbers of descending myelinated fibers in the dorsal funiculi. These data will serve as a basis for evaluating axon numbers that follow various experimental regimens purporting to result in neural sprouting.
Ten‐year follow‐up of children born before 29 gestational weeks: health, cognitive development, behaviour and school achievement

Since the mid‐1990s several studies have reported poor school performance in extremely preterm infants. The necessity to provide a full picture of the child's situation has been indicated. In a southern Swedish population 32 120 infants were born during the 2‐y period 1985‐1986. In total, 121 infants (0.4%) were reported liveborn before the 29th gestational wk and 12 (0.04%) were reported stillborn. Only 65 infants (50%) survived to the age of 10 y. The aim of this study was to evaluate the situation of extremely preterm (EPT) children at school, compared with that of full‐term (FT) control children, at the age of 10 y. Health, cognitive development, school achievement and behaviour were measured. Ninety‐two percent of the preterm children had no major neurological disability and most were in good health. The EPT children had an IQ of 90 ± 15 vs 106 ±15 (mean ± SD) for the FT children (p < 0.001), and on the test of Visual‐Motor Integration, the EPT children had 93.3 ± 12.2 vs 109.6 ± 14.2 for FT peers (p < 0.001). On both tests the differences between the groups corresponded to approximately one standard deviation. Thirty‐eight percent of the EPT children performed below grade level at school. Thirty‐two percent had general behavioural problems and 20% had attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, compared with 10% and 8%, respectively, in the FT group. EPT children require interventions to support their development and reduce behavioural problems. □Behaviour, development, extremely preterm, follow‐up, health, school achievement
Cost-Effectiveness of Switch to Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry for Routine Bacterial Identification

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) allows instant identification of microorganisms by analyzing their total protein content ([1][1]-[3][2]). In September 2009, we switched from conventional biochemical techniques (mainly Vitek 2 and API strips
Purinergic mechanisms of the nucleus of the solitary tract and neural cardiovascular control

Abstract Objectives: This review addresses the role of central purinergic receptors in the operation of the cardiovascular reflexes. Methods: Potential physiological role of purinergic receptors operating in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) was assessed via comparison of the regional patterns of hemodynamic and sympathetic responses evoked by selective stimulation/inhibition of NTS purinergic receptor subtypes, with the patterns evoked by stimulation and unloading of arterial baroreceptors, and other known patterns of autonomic responses. The effects of sino-aortic denervation plus vagotomy and ionotropic glutamatergic blockade of NTS mechanisms on the patterns of the responses were also considered. Results: Selective stimulation of NTS A1 receptors with CPA evoked a pattern of regional autonomic responses consistent with inhibition of baroreflex mechanisms and facilitation/ disinhibition of chemoreflex mechanisms. Selective stimulation of NTS A2a receptors with CGS 21680-evoked pattern of the responses different than that evoked by stimulation of baroreflex afferents what remains in contrast to previous reports suggesting that NTS A2a receptors facilitate baroreflex transmission. The pattern of the responses was similar to that observed during hypotensive hemorrhage. Preferential, b -adrenergic iliac vasodilation evoked by stimulation of adenosine A2a receptors and preferential activation of sympathetic output to the adrenal medulla by both adenosine A1 and A2a receptors are consistent with contribution of these receptors to the defense response, stress and exercise. These observations support previous findings that NTS A1 receptors contribute to the hypothalamic defense response. The effects of stimulation and blockade of NTS P2x receptors with α, β-methylene ATP and suramin, respectively, suggested that neuronally-released ATP operating via P2x receptors may be a crucial co-transmitter with glutamate in mediating baroreflex responses. Discussion: The above observations strongly suggest that purinergic receptor subtypes operating in NTS circuitry are linked to specific afferent and descending mechanisms primarily integrated in the NTS.