Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trauma and the Vietnam War Generation

presentations, treatment, prognosis, and non-clinical aspects such as medico-legal, ethical, and counseling aspects of the disease. Occasionally, the British perspective makes it slightly less relevant to the U.S., and, sometimes, molecular terms are not explained (e.g., gag, pol, sor, and the like), which would force readers who have not been trained recently to do some background research. Of the 640 or so questions, I found only one answer with which I clearly disagreed, and a few others about which I was unsure. A reasonably good index is present, although the numbers given in the index are not page numbers but rather the numbered MCQ section. Despite the minor concerns above, I found the book easy, enjoyable, and informative to read. The quick test of five questions shows sections where more review is needed, enabling one to focus reading time on areas of greatest weakness. There are a few line drawings, which are sometimes helpful. The book is a useful review of the subject areas mentioned, for medical students, house officers, or practicing physicians.
Upregulation of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 After Myocardial Infarction by Blockade of Angiotensin II Receptors

Abstract—We investigated in Lewis normotensive rats the effect of coronary artery ligation on the expression of cardiac angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE and ACE 2) and angiotensin II type-1 receptors (AT1a-R) 28 days after myocardial infarction. Losartan, olmesartan, or the vehicle (isotonic saline) was administered via osmotic minipumps for 28 days after coronary artery ligation or sham operation. Coronary artery ligation caused left ventricular dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy. These changes were associated with increased plasma concentrations of angiotensin I, angiotensin II, angiotensin-(1–7), and serum aldosterone, and reduced AT1a-R mRNA. Cardiac ACE and ACE 2 mRNAs did not change. Both angiotensin II antagonists attenuated cardiac hypertrophy; olmesartan improved ventricular contractility. Blockade of the AT1a-R was accompanied by a further increase in plasma concentrations of the angiotensins and reduced serum aldosterone levels. Both losartan and olmesartan completely reversed the reduction in cardiac AT1a-R mRNA observed after coronary artery ligation while augmenting ACE 2 mRNA by approximately 3-fold. Coadministration of PD123319 did not abate the increase in ACE 2 mRNA induced by losartan. ACE 2 mRNA correlated significantly with angiotensin II, angiotensin-(1–7), and angiotensin I levels. These results provide evidence for an effect of angiotensin II blockade on cardiac ACE 2 mRNA that may be due to direct blockade of AT1a receptors or a modulatory effect of increased angiotensin-(1–7).
Effect of administered testosterone propionate on cocks functionally castrated by hypothalamic lesions.

White Leghorn males were functionally castrated by lesions in the ventral hypothalamus slightly dorsal to the stalk. These chickens ate normally. When the lesions extended into the ventromedial area of the hypothalamus, the chickens were also hyperphagic. The cocks had atrophied combs and testes and did not respond to abdominal massage with libido or seminal fluid. All the chickens, normophagic or hyperphagic, accumulated excessive amounts of body fat, while normal males eating normally accumulated little body fat. With one exception, the livers were hypertrophied. The liver, blood plasma and bones had abnormally large amounts of fat. The hematocrits were abnormally low. Leg and breast muscles contained larger amounts of fat than did those of normal chickens. Plasma calcium levels of the lesioned chickens were normal. Injection of testosterone propionate seemingly had little effect upon food intake and the amount of body fat. Testosterone propionate administration increased the nitrogen content, glycerol .
Amplified CDK2 and cdc2 activities in primary colorectal carcinoma

Cyclins are overexpressed in various malignancies, including carcinoma of the colorectum, esophagus, lung, larynx, and breast. However, to the authors' knowledge, the protein levels and activities of cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs), which are the functional cyclin partners in the cell cycle, have not been investigated previously.
Evaluation of creatinine-modified Child Pugh score for predicting short-term prognosis of patients with decompensated cirrhosis of liver as compare to original child Pugh score.

BACKGROUND Original Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score has traditionally being used as a useful tool to assess prognosis in cirrhotic patients but the serum creatinine level has recently seen as an important predictor of survival in patients with liver cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy ofCP and modified CP score for predicting in hospital survival as well as cirrhosis related complications such as encephalopathy, haematemesis and ascites in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. It was Descriptive case series. The study was conducted at Department of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences Jamshoro from October 2005 to July 2007. METHODS This study included 222 patients with decompensated cirrhosis diagnosed either clinically or radio-logically were followed-up during hospital stay. Patient's demographic data was enrolled in well designed proforma which included enquiry regarding cirrhosis related complications. Patients were classified according to original CP classification into A, B and C and modified Child Pugh scores estimated by adding 0, 2 and 4 points with serum creatinine <1.3 mg/dL, 1.3-1.8 and >1.8 mg/dl respectively to the original score using creatinine levels as a sixth categorical variable were evaluated. Simple t-test and Chi-square test were done for continuous and categorical data. Original CP and creatinine modified CP was compared by the ROC curve. p < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS In this study 222 cirrhotic patients constituting 144 (65% male and 78 (35%) female. The mean age of the patients were 46.8 +/- 12.8 and mean serum creatinine 1.41 +/- 0.55 mg/dl. In Original Child-pugh classification 9, 82, 131 out of222 were in grade A, B and C respectively whereas in creatinine-modified child-pugh classification 7, 28 and 187 patients were in grade A, B and C respectively. For cirrhosis related complications creatinine modified child Pugh has a better predictive value for encephalopathy (p = 0.03) as compared to original child Pugh (p = 0.42) whereas for haematemesis (p = 0.001) and grades of ascites (p = 0.003) creatinine modified CP was marginally better than original CP (p = 0.004) and (p = 0.007) respectively. Predicting the in hospital death and duration of hospitalization as outcome creatinine modified CP (p = 0.001) as compared to original CP (p = 0.004). ROC (receiver-operating characteristic) curve the creatinine-modified CTP score showed a marginal, better prognostic accuracy as compared with the CTP score (CTP vs. creatinine-modified CTP, c-index and 95% CI = 0.654 (0.578-0.731), vs. 0.642 (0.562-0.722), p = 0.001). CONCLUSION Inclusion of serum creatinine can improve the prognostic value of Child-Pugh classification particularly class B in which the serum creatinine play a major role in properly predicted the survival as well as cirrhosis related complications.
Acute coronary syndrome and depression.

INTRODUCTION Clinical depression is associated with poor compliance in risk reduction recommendations and has been suggested as an independent risk factor for increased postmyocardial infarction morbidity and mortality. AIM To determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms, their main determinants and their influence on clinical evolution in acute coronary syndromes (ACS) patients. METHODS We studied depressive symptoms, sociodemographic variables, cardiovascular status and therapeutic procedures in 240 consecutive patients admitted for ACS. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) after clinical stabilization, in patients with more than 4 years' education. RESULTS The majority of the patients were male (203); their average age was 59.4 +/- 13 yrs; 31.8% were admitted for unstable angina, 33.1% for acute myocardial infarction with ST elevation and 31.8% without ST elevation. Depressive symptoms (BDI > or =10) were present in 100 patients (41.6%). Depressed patients were older (61.1 vs. 58.2 years, p = 0.06) and had a history of previous cardiovascular events /47.5 vs. (34.8% p = 0.05). The proportion of female was higher in the group of patients with BDI > or =10 (24% vs. 9.3%, p = 0.02). Traditional cardiovascular risk factors were not associated with depressive symptoms. There were no statistically significant differences between the depressed and non-depressed patients in admission diagnosis, in-hospital clinical evolution and treatment. There were 35 patients (14.6%) with moderate/severe depression (BDI > or =19), 12 of whom were women (OR = 3.8, p = 0.001); no relation was established between age and previous cardiac events. These scores were less frequent in patients with a higher level of education (OR = 0.28, p = 0.09) and married (OR = 0.31 vs. not married, p = 0.03). Clinical follow-up of 158 patients was achieved (16 +/- 4 months), in patients with BDI > or =19, the presence of cardiovascular symptoms (angina, congestive heart failure) was higher (46% vs. 23%, OR = 2.8, p = 0.03), even after adjustment for age (OR = 2.5; p = 0.06). However, there was no association between the presence of depressive symptoms and readmission and/or fatal events. CONCLUSION Depression is a common finding after hospital admission for ACS, particularly in women, and is mainly associated with prehospital factors. In our group of patients, the presence of depressive symptoms was closely related to clinical status during follow-up.
Implementing Value Pricing: A Radical Business Model for Professional Firms

Advanced Accounting delivers an in-depth, comprehensive introduction to advanced accounting theory and application, using actual business examples and relevant news stories to demonstrate how core principles translate into real-world business scenarios. Clearly defined and logically organized Learning Objectives aid in student comprehension, while highlighted Related Concepts illustrate how individual concepts fit into the larger picture. Short answer questions throughout the chapter allow students to test their knowledge before reaching the more in-depth end-of-chapter questions, promoting a deeper understanding of both technical and conceptual aspects of the field. Written by active accounting researchers, this text brings clarity and flexibility to the central ideas underlying business combinations, consolidated financial statements, foreign currency transactions, partnerships, non-profit accounting and more. This new Seventh Edition has been updated to reflect the latest changes to FASB and GASB standards, allowing students to build a skill set based on up-to-date practices. With a student-oriented pedagogy designed to enhance comprehension, promote engagement, and build real-world understanding, this user-friendly book provides an essential foundation in current advanced accounting methods and standards.
Capacity Building and Challenges of Compliance with Global Best Practices in Labour-Management Relations in Bayelsa State

A very important reason(s) for building the capacity of workers in any organization either in public or private sector is to enable them acquire knowledge, skills and technical know-how needed to improve upon their performances. In Bayelsa State South South Nigeria, issues of workers capacity building are very eminent and the question that comes to mind is; are workers expose to different forms of training to equip them with practices on global trends in labour management relations? This study examined the challenges of building workers capacity in the civil service and recommended the institutionalization of regular training and re-training of workers for effective service delivery. This is an important step to boost workers morale for increase productivity and to update their competencies required to translate government policies and programmes into action for industrial peace and harmony in the State. Key w ords: training, workers, union, organizations, conventions, government
Mechanisms of Defibrillation for Monophasic and Biphasic Waveforms

Future development of impiantabie cardioverter defibrillators will rely on increased knowledge of the basic mechanisms of defibriiiation. Over the last few years, we have performed several studies using cardiac mapping to learn how defibriiiation shocks stop fibrillation. The first part of this paper will discuss our findings concerning the ovRrall mechanism of defibriiiation. The second part will examine some reasons for the increased efficacy of the biphasic waveform.
Angiotensin II type‐I receptor and ACE polymorphisms and risk of myocardial infarction in men and women

Findings relating an association between an insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene and myocardial infarction (MI) have been mixed. While other loci, such as the angiotensin II type‐I receptor (AT1R), may modulate risk, few studies have adequately documented the risk in women. We aimed to study whether the findings in respect of ACE and AT1R in UK men were borne out in women.
Modeling the Pre‐Euroamerican Landscape with Government Land Office Surveys and Geostatistics

Forested areas in the United States have been altered since the time of European settlement. There is increasing interest in comparing present day vegetation with that of the Pre‐Euroamerican era to understand what changes have occurred in some of our more outstanding natural areas. Studies have been conducted using Government Land Office (GLO) notes to understand historic vegetation surveys, but past studies focused on species present/absent lists. The GLO surveys included information about tree species, tree diameter and other physical features. This study used indicator kriging to interpolate the probability of tree species on the landscape using the GLO data from 62 townships. Once continuous probability models were developed, vegetation spatial patterns were analyzed throughout the sub‐basin. This technique provided insight into what the vegetation pattern (spatially) was like prior to Euroamerican settlement within the Buffalo River sub‐basin. It provided the base information necessary to quantify vegetation change and the spatial extent of that change. Based on this research it appears that post‐Euroamerican fire suppression and agricultural practices with other human activities have been major contributors to change. Eastern Redcedar (Juniperious virginiana) and hickory (Carya sp.) have increased, while oak species (Quercus sp.) have decreased. Additionally 19% of the sub‐basin has changed to non‐forest.
The Discrete Logarithm Problem in non-representable rings

Bergman’s Ring Ep, parameterized by a prime number p, is a ring with p 5 elements that cannot be embedded in a ring of matrices over any commutative ring. This ring was discovered in 1974. In 2011, Climent, Navarro and Tortosa described an efficient implementation of Ep using simple modular arithmetic, and suggested that this ring may be a useful source for intractable cryptographic problems. We present a deterministic polynomial time reduction of the Discrete Logarithm Problem in Ep to the classical Discrete Logarithm Problem in Zp, the p-element field. In particular, the Discrete Logarithm Problem in Ep can be solved, by conventional computers, in subexponential time. Along the way, we collect a number of useful basic reductions for the toolbox of discrete logarithm solvers.
Electric Field Manipulation of Magnetization Rotation and Tunneling Magnetoresistance of Magnetic Tunnel Junctions at Room Temperature

Electric-field-controlled tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) of magnetic tunnel junctions is considered as the milestone of ultralow power spintronic devices. Here, reversible, continuous magnetization rotation and manipulation is reported for TMR at room temperature in CoFeB/AlOx/CoFeB/piezoelectric structure by electric fields without the assistance of a magnetic field through strain-mediated interaction. These results provide a new way of exploring electric-field-controlled spintronics.
Evolution of MRI changes and development of bilateral hippocampal sclerosis during long lasting generalised status epilepticus

This report describes a previously healthy 28 year old patient with a 5 month period of intractable generalised status epilepticus (SE) of unknown aetiology with fatal outcome. Repeated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed no pre-existing abnormality, but did show progressive cortical and hippocampal atrophy and T2 hyperintensity in both hippocampal formations, suggestive of progressive tissue damage. Post-mortem histopathological analysis revealed substantial neuronal cell loss including CA1 and CA4 sectors of the hippocampus compatible with bilateral hippocampal sclerosis. There was no evidence of systemic complications including arterial hypotension and hypoxia, hypoglycaemia, hyperpyrexia, or other confounding factors to account for these findings. This case provides further evidence of SE induced hippocampal damage in humans.
No Fixed Abode

Sn: The use ofthe term suicide â€ ̃¿ epidemic' s fashion able. Both Farmer (Journal, May 1987, 150, 609â€” 614) and Zemishlany et al(Journal, May 1987, 150, 704â€”706) use the term, in the former article to describe incidence trends in the general population, and in thelatterto focus on the timing ofthree suicide attempts in a psychiatric hospital. One should ask whether the â€ ̃¿ epidemic model' of suicide is the appropriate concept for the phenomena being described. Strictly speaking, such a model would require the criteria of an epidemic, such as the identification of a â€ ̃¿ host', a â€ ̃¿ vector', and a â€ ̃¿ mode of transmission' of a â€ ̃¿ noxious agent', to be fulfilled. Currently, there appears to be a resurgence of research interest in the â€ ̃¿ Werther effect', referring to the phenomenon where newspaper publicity of suicides is apparently associated with an increase in suicide rates (Phillips, 1974). Phillips coined this term 200 years after Goethe's romantic novel The Sorrows of the Young Werther was banned in a number of centres in Europe for allegedly providing a model for imitative suicides. Some caution needs to be exer cised in the labelling of increased suicide rates or of suicide clusters as â€œ¿ epidemicsâ€•. Implied in the desig nation of a suicide â€œ¿ epidemicâ€• based on imitation are preventative measures (such as the literary censorship that befell Goethe's novel), one being the suggestion that â€œ¿ educators, policy makers, and journalists may wish to consider ways of reducing public exposure to stories, both general and specific, about suicide (Phillips & Carstensen, 1986). While this recommen dation may have superficial appeal, and may eventu ally be based on experimental evidence, the imitative propagation hypothesis to explain national suicide rate increases still awaits replicable proof. Turning to suicide clusters, suggestible individ uals, whether â€ ̃¿ normal' young people or vulnerable adults in institutional settings such as hospitals or prisons, are more likely to be influenced by the basic psychological process of identification than by suggestion or imitation (Halasz, 1987) and the rec ommendation of â€œ¿ group sessions after a suicidal case in order to neutralise the identification with the act by suggestible patientsâ€• (Zemishlany et a! ) seems a clinical imperative. However, this is a clinical recommendation, not in need of an epidemic model of explanation. Rather, it underlines the need for clinicians to recognise individual vulnerability in normal developmental GEORGE HALASZ
Emergence of Complex Behavior: An Interactive Model of Cardiac Excitation Provides a Powerful Tool for Understanding Electric Propagation

We have developed a straightforward, physiologically based mathematical in silico model of cardiac electric activity to facilitate understanding of the fundamental principles that determine how excitation propagates through the heart. Despite its simplicity, the model provides a very powerful teaching tool. In fact, its simplicity is integral to the model's utility. The contrast between the minimal set of rules that govern the model's function and the widely varied complex behaviors it can manifest offers insight into the nature of emergent behavior in wave propagation. Emergence in this context refers to the richness of the tissue activation patterns that arise from the aggregate behavior of the simple cells that comprise the tissue. Each cell can be active, inactive, or refractory and interacts only with its immediate neighbors. From these simple building blocks, very elaborate global behaviors emerge. From the perspective of the electrophysiology student, the notion of emergent properties can act as a Rosetta stone for deciphering electrophysiological behavior. The spread of electric excitation through the intricate 3D structure of the heart can take widely varied forms, ranging from the orderly propagation seen during sinus rhythm to the marked disorganization seen during ventricular fibrillation. Observation of the diverse and sometimes complex patterns of conduction (eg, unidirectional block, reentry, spiral waves) as well as the responses to pacing maneuvers (eg, entrainment) suggests to the electrophysiology student a nearly infinite array of possibilities, the mastery of which can be daunting. However, with study, it becomes apparent that one need not memorize every possible cardiac behavior. Instead, there are overarching principles of cardiac excitation and propagation1 from which these varied phenomena emerge and through which one can understand and predict rather than memorize electrophysiological behavior. Understanding these fundamental principles is integral to mastering electrophysiology. A framework for interpreting clinical observations predicated on these …
Automatic lesion/tumor detection using intelligent mesh-based active contour

Automatic detection of the lesion/tumor region is always of interest in medical imaging system. We address this issue in this paper for improving the accuracy and robustness as compared to the conventional methods. Active contour has been commonly used for the detection of irregular shape of region, however, it suffers the problem of the false attraction given the noisy image, and requires the correct estimation of the initial location of the object to be detected. In this paper, we present a novel method for robustly locating the object area by using a so-called intelligent mesh. With the accurate location and shape approximation in the initial stage, the object of interest is correctly detected by using a mesh-based active contour model. The correctness and robustness of the proposed algorithm are demonstrated on extracting the lesion/tumor regions of CT and Mammography images as an intensive test.