Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of the Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale in a College Population: Does It Predict Symptoms of ADHD Better Than a Visual-Search Task?

Objective: Executive functioning (EF) deficits have been associated with ADHD. However, disagreement exists concerning the extent to which cognitive tests of EF accurately reflect a diagnosis of ADHD. Barkley developed the Barkley Deficits in Executive Functioning Scale (BDEFS) by categorizing the meta-construct of EF into five subdomains. This study investigated the incremental validity of the BDEFS in predicting symptoms of ADHD compared with a visual-search task. We also investigated patterns among the five BDEFS domains. Method: One hundred and sixteen college students completed a visual-search task and the BDEFS and reported on their symptoms of ADHD. Results: (a) BDEFS total scores significantly predicted total ADHD symptoms, whereas the visual-search task failed to predict ADHD symptoms. (b) The BDEFS demonstrated significant correlations with symptoms of ADHD in expected patterns. Conclusion: This study provides evidence of validity for the BDEFS in a college sample.
The Underlying Mechanisms of Diabetic Myopathy

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIH), R37-AR055099 / CONICYT-Chile, FONDECYT-11150243 / Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad de Chile, FIOUCh-Enlace 001/2015 / Swedish Research Council / Magnus Bergvall Stiftelse / Ake Wiberg Stiftelse
Topography and morphology of retinal ganglion cells in Falconiforms: A study on predatory and carrion‐eating birds

The topographic distribution of retinal ganglion cells and their cell body size have been studied in five Falconiform species, including predatory (chilean eagle Buteo fuscenses australis, and sparrow hawk Falco sparverius) and carrion‐eating (chimango caracara Milvago chimango; condor Vultur gryphus, and black vulture Coragyps atratus) birds. All these species had a well defined nasal fovea and a horizontal streak. Instead of a temporal fovea as in eagles and hawks, an afoveate temporal area is present in chimango, condor, and vulture. The highest ganglion cell density was found in the nasal fovea of Falco and Buteo with 65,000 and 62,000 cells/mm2, respectively.
Population Dynamics of Cacopsylla melanoneura (Homoptera: Psyllidae), a Vector of Apple Proliferation Phytoplasma in Northwestern Italy

Abstract Apple proliferation is a phytoplasma-associated disease transmitted by insects causing serious damage and economic losses to apple orchards. Investigations were carried out in 1999 and 2000 in northwestern Italy to identify the vector of apple proliferation and to study its population dynamics. Yellow sticky traps and beat tray samples revealed the presence of the psyllid Cacopsylla melanoneura (Förster) in eight apple orchards in the Aosta Valley. The species completes one generation per year; the overwintered psyllids colonized apple trees beginning in late January, whereas the springtime generation was observed beginning in early May. The offspring adults remained in apple orchards until the end of June, when they began to move onto other hosts. During 1999 and 2000, all apple trees present in the investigated orchards were visually checked to assess the fluctuation of disease symptoms. Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment-length polymorphism confirmed the presence of the apple proliferation phytoplasmas in both overwintering and offspring insects as well as in symptomatic apple plants. The ability of C. melanoneura to vector the disease was assessed by preliminary transmission trials. Overwintered psyllids, collected in the most affected orchards, caged on healthy apple test plants transmitted apple proliferation phytoplasmas.
Azathioprine metabolite measurements are not useful in following treatment of autoimmune hepatitis in Alaska Native and other non-Caucasian people.

BACKGROUND In autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) patients treated with azathioprine, the utility of measuring thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) and azathioprine metabolites has been limited. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between TPMT genotype and enzyme activity, and the impact of TPMT enzyme activity on levels of azathioprine metabolites and leukopenia to assess the clinical utility of monitoring azathioprine metabolites in Alaska Native and other non-Caucasian AIH patients. METHODS Individuals with AIH were recruited at the Alaska Native Medical Center (Alaska, USA) and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (Texas, USA). Identification of TPMT genotype and measurement of enzyme activity were performed. The metabolites 6-thioguanine nucleotides (6-TGN) and 6-methylmercaptopurine (6-MMP) were measured in participants who were on azathioprine, and the associations with disease remission and leukopenia were assessed. RESULTS Seventy-one patients with AIH were included. The distribution of TPMT genotypes was similar to that reported in other populationbased studies. TPMT genotype and phenotype were strongly associated (P<0.0001). Levels of 6-TGN and 6-MMP correlated with azathioprine dose only in individuals with normal TPMT enzyme activity. Patients with leukopenia due to azathioprine were no more likely to have abnormal TPMT enzyme levels than those without leukopenia (P=1.0). No specific level of 6-TGN metabolites was associated with remission or leukopenia. DISCUSSION Results of the present study were consistent with previous studies in Caucasian populations. TPMT genotype and phenotype correlated well, and levels of 6-TGN and 6-MMP metabolites were not associated with remission of AIH or toxicity of azathioprine. CONCLUSIONS The present study confirmed the limited utility of monitoring levels of azathioprine metabolites in AIH patients.
Antimicrobial Effect of a Novel Ozone– Generating Device on Micro–Organisms Associated with Primary Root Carious Lesions in vitro

The aims of this present study were (1) to assess the antimicrobial effect of ozone from a novel ozone–generating device (Heolozone, USA) [0.052% (v/v) in air delivered at a rate of 13.33 ml·s–1] on primary root carious lesions (PRCLs) and (2) to evaluate the efficacy of ozone specifically on Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. In study 1, 40 soft PRCLs from freshly extracted teeth were randomly divided into two groups to test the antimicrobial effect on PRCLs from exposure to ozonated water for either 10 or 20 s. Half of a lesion was removed using a sterile excavator. Subsequently, the remaining lesion was exposed to the ozonised water for a period of either 10 or 20 s (corresponding to 0.069 or 0.138 ml of ozone, respectively). Using paired Student t tests, a significant (p<0.001) reduction (mean ± SE) was observed in the ozone–treated groups with either a 10–second (log10 3.57±0.37) or 20–second (log10 3.77±0.42) ozone application compared with the control groups (log10 5.91±0.15 and log10 6.18±0.21, respectively). In study 2, 40 sterile saliva–coated glass beads were randomly divided into two groups for each micro–organism. One glass bead was put into each bijou bottle with 3 ml of Todd–Hewitt broth. S. mutans and S. sobrinus were inoculated anaerobically overnight. Each glass bead was then washed with 2 ml of phosphate–buffered saline. Immediately, 10 s of ozone gas was applied to each glass bead in the test groups. There was a significant (p<0.0001) reduction (mean ± SE) in ozone–treated samples for S. mutans (log10 1.01±0.27) and S. sobrinus (log10 1.09±0.36) compared with the control samples (log10 3.93±0.07 and log10 4.61±0.13, respectively). This treatment regime is an effective, quick, conservative and simple method to kill micro–organisms in PRCLs. Ozone gas application for a period of 10 s was also capable of reducing the numbers of S. mutans and S. sobrinus on saliva–coated glass beads in vitro.
LA DESCRIPTION DES NOMS DANS L’EUROWORDNET ET L’APPROCHE ORIENTÉE OBJETS

Contrairement a ce que nous pensions en entreprenant nos recherches sur la comparaison des deux bases de donnees lexicales susmentionnees, il s’est avere que la question ne porte pas sur le comment, mais bien sur le si l’on peut comparer l’Approche Orientee Objets (Banyś 2002a, 2002b), et l’EuroWordNet (http://www.illc.uva.nl/uroWordNet), vu les nombreuses differences qui les separent. C’est bien cette interrogation qui soustendra notre propos illustre par des exemples de la description des noms proposes dans les deux bases. Nous tenterons d’y repondre en trois points: premierement en analysant les origines et les buts assignes lors de la creation des deux bases de donnees, deuxiemement en comparant leurs unites de description et troisiemement en observant la methode choisie pour atteindre le cap de la bonne traduction (de l’equivalent adequat) en langue cible. Ces trois points vont nous permettre d’etayer l’hypothese selon laquelle la comparaison entre l’Approche Orientee Objets (desormais : AOO) et l’EuroWordNet (desormais : EWN) presente quelques difficultes ce qui ouvre la discussion sur leur utilite pour la traduction automatique. Precisons que par l’AOO nous comprenons la base des donnees lexicales reunies et organisees selon les principes de l’AOO, de plus par EWN nous entendons les donnees contenues dans la base lexicale creees selon le projet de l’EWN.
Adhesion molecules and the normal endometrium

The factors contributing to a fertile endometrium receptive to the presenting embryo remain unclear despite continual advances in the field of reproductive medicine. In most animals, it is thought that the endometrium undergoes a series of changes in response to ovarian steroids leading to a period called the window of implantation. Prior to and subsequent to this phase, the uterus is refractory to embryo attachment. In humans, the window of implantation starts approximately six days after ovulation (Day 20) and usually lasts for four days. Associated with the onset of receptivity is the appearance of transient (over 24–48 hours) apical epithelial cellular protrusions called pinopodes. These coincide with an increase in epithelial secretory activity and dilatation of the glands, prominence of epithelial subnuclear vacuoles and cessation of mitotic activity in the epithelial cells. Coincident with the conversion of the endometrial surface from a non-receptive to a receptive state are alterations in the expression of cell surface molecules. The MUC1 mucin is thought to have a pivotal role in embryo attachment and implantation, and is likely to have an impact upon the expression and function of other adhesion molecules, such as the integrins, cadherins (CADs) and CD44.
Plasma cholecystokinin and somatostatin levels in chronic pancreatitis patients.

BACKGROUND/AIMS The existence of a negative-feedback mechanism between pancreatic enzyme secretion and intraduodenal proteases and the role of cholecystokinin in its mediation in humans is debatable. The presence of such a feedback mechanism in chronic pancreatitis patients with exocrine enzyme deficiency possibly leads to an increase in cholecystokinin plasma levels. Somatostatin has been used in many studies in the therapy of pain in chronic pancreatitis and plays a role in the regulation of cholecystokinin levels, however data on its plasma levels are still lacking. METHODOLOGY Basal and the postprandial cholecystokinin and somatostatin levels in 30 patients with chronic pancreatitis (11 with severe chronic pancreatitis and 19 with mild chronic pancreatitis) were measured 14 days after discontinuation of enzymatic substitution therapy and then were compared with the levels taken from 25 healthy subjects. RESULTS The cholecystokinin postprandial plasma levels were significantly higher in patients with chronic pancreatitis when compared with those of healthy individuals (P < 0.01). Basal, somatostatin, cholecystokinin and postprandial somatostatin levels were not significantly higher than those in healthy subjects. There was no correlation between basal and postprandial levels of cholecystokinin and somatostatin in our study. CONCLUSIONS The cholecystokinin postprandial plasma levels were significantly higher in all patients with chronic pancreatitis when compared with healthy individuals, which suggests the role of cholecystokinin in the feedback control of pancreatic secretion.
Aspects de la phonologie du français et la théorie de l'optimalité

L'auteur propose d'illustrer le fonctionnement de la theorie de l'optimalite appliquee a quelques phenomenes classiques de la phonologie du francais et a certaines de ses caracteristiques essentielles, telles que la liaison, l'elision et la chute du schwa interconsonantique. Cela permet de montrer, dans un second temps, comment la theorie de l'optimalite peut expliquer facilement et naturellement des phenomenes phonologiques auxquels se heurtent les traitements generatifs traditionnels. L'auteur met notamment en contraste les points de vue adoptes dans le cadre de la theorie de l'optimalite et des modeles traditionnels de la phonologie generative concernant le statut universel de la phonologie dans les langues et les variations qui existent de l'une a l'autre. Ces dernieres se laissent analyser a partir de l'interaction hierarchique reglee d'un petit nombre de contraintes universelles
Effect of low-frequency gain and venting effects on the benefit derived from directionality and noise reduction in hearing aids

When the frequency range over which vent-transmitted sound dominates amplification increases, the potential benefit from directional microphones and noise reduction decreases. Fitted with clinically appropriate vent sizes, 23 aided listeners with varying low-frequency hearing thresholds evaluated six schemes comprising three levels of gain at 250 Hz (0, 6, and 12 dB) combined with two features (directional microphone and noise reduction) enabled or disabled in the field. The low-frequency gain was 0 dB for vent-dominated sound, while the higher gains were achieved by amplifier-dominated sounds. A majority of listeners preferred 0-dB gain at 250 Hz and the features enabled. While the amount of low-frequency gain had no significant effect on speech recognition in noise or horizontal localization, speech recognition and front/back discrimination were significantly improved when the features were enabled, even when vent-transmitted sound dominated the low frequencies. The clinical implication is that there is no need to increase low-frequency gain to compensate for vent effects to achieve benefit from directionality and noise reduction over a wider frequency range.
VISUAL AVERAGED EVOKED RESPONSES (AER) AND MONOAMINE METABOLITES IN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF)

Observations by Goodwin et al. (1963) seem to lend support to the hypothesis that a positive relationship may exist between the level of homovanillic acid (HVA) in CSF and the amplitude of visual AER. Results from our own laboratory (Muttsson 6’ Perris (1974)) in a psychotic patient suffering from Addison’s disease, who has been studied longitudinally, point in the same direction. Moreover a shortening of latencies, especially as concerns the first three peaks, has also been observed. No investigations have been published so far concerning the relationship between AER and 5 -hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA).
Mortality among PCR negative admitted Ebola suspects during the 2014/15 outbreak in Conakry, Guinea: A retrospective cohort study

Non-cases are suspect Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) cases testing negative by EVD RT-PCR after admission to an Ebola Treatment Centre (ETC). Admitting non-cases to an ETC prompts concerns on case- and workload in the ETC, risk for nosocomial EVD infection, and delays in diagnosis and disease-specific treatment. We retrospectively analysed characteristics, outcomes and determinants of death of EVD cases and non-cases admitted to the Conakry ETC in Guinea between 03/2014 and 09/2015. Of the 2362 admitted suspects who underwent full confirmatory PCR testing, 1540 (65.2%) were non-cases; among them 727 needed repeated confirmatory PCR testing resulting in 2.5 days (average) in the ETC isolation ward. Twenty-one patients tested positive on the repeat test, most in a period of flawed sampling for the initial test and none after introduction of PCR confirmation with geneXpert. No readmissions following nosocomial EVD infection were recorded. No combination of symptoms yielded acceptable sensitivity and specificity to allow differentiating confirmed from non-cases. Symptoms as ocular bleeding/redness have high specificity, but limited usefulness as not common. Admission delay and age distribution were not different for both groups. In total, 98 (20.6%) of 475 deaths in the ETC were non-cases. Most died within 24 hours after admission. Living in Conakry (aOR 1.78 (1.08–2.96)) was the strongest risk factor for death. Weeks with higher admission load had lower case fatality among non-cases, probably because more acute (and treatable) illnesses of contacts of known cases were admitted. These findings show high numbers of potentially critically ill non-cases need to be considered when setting up triage and referral of EVD suspect cases. Symptoms and risk factors alone do not allow differentiating the non-cases. Integration of highly-sensitive EVD diagnostic methods with short turnaround time in the triage of peripheral hospitals and dropping the systematic 2nd PCR for symptomatic early presenters could limit delays in access to adapted care of cases and seriously ill non-cases. Whether feasible without compromising outbreak control, and under which conditions, should be further assessed.
Traitement géométrique des images par bandelettes

Comprendre comment representer les structures geometriques complexes est necessaire pour ameliorer l'etat de l'art du traitement d'images mais a aussi une portee scientifique beaucoup plus large. Cet enjeu apparait dans des problemes de physique, de mathematiques et de physiologie de la perception. Un regard naif sur les images peut laisser penser que la geometrie se reduit aux contours d'objets distincts comme dans le monde de la bande-dessinee. De tels contours existent mais constituent une faible partie des "structures geometriques" des images. Dans une image reelle, les textures ont souvent une geometrie beaucoup plus complexe. Le saut en complexite est analogue a la difference de complexite entre un ecoulement fluide laminaire et un champ turbulent, qui s'apparente a une texture.
The Nd:YAG laser in ophthalmology.

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Effective Procedures for Handling Possible Equivalence Relations in Non-deterministic Information Systems

This paper presents a tool for handling equivalence relations in non-deterministic information systems. Some applications of equivalence relations are also shown. In a deterministic information system, it is possible to define an equivalence relation for any set of attributes. However, in a non-deterministic information system, some kinds of equivalence relations which we call possible equivalence relations are definable. This paper proposes two effective procedures producing all possible equivalence relations for any non-deterministic information system and any set of attributes. The details of algorithms, the implementation of algorithms and applications to the rule extraction, etc. are presented.
Topiramate use during pregnancy and major congenital malformations in multiple populations.

BACKGROUND We measured birth prevalence of major congenital malformations (MCMs) after topiramate use during pregnancy to screen for a possible signal of increased risk. METHODS Using four healthcare databases, we identified three cohorts of pregnant women: cohort 1, used topiramate during the first trimester; cohort 2, used topiramate or another antiepileptic drug previously but not during pregnancy; and cohort 3, were pregnant and did not use topiramate but had indications for use individually matched to those of users. Cohort 1 was compared with cohorts 2 and 3. MCMs were a code for any major congenital malformation dated within 30 days of the delivery date on the mother's claims or within 365 days after infant birth date, excluding a genetic or syndromic basis, and with procedure or healthcare usage consistent with the MCM diagnosis code in the 365 days after infant birth. RESULTS Of the 10 specific common MCMs evaluated, 1 (conotruncal heart defects) had a prevalence ratio greater than 1.5 for both primary comparisons, and 4 (ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, hypospadias, coarctation of the aorta) had a prevalence ratio greater than 1.5 for one of the two comparisons. Following screening of organ systems with elevated MCMs, the prevalence ratio was greater than 1.5 for patent ductus arteriosus in both comparisons and for obstructive genitourinary defects in one comparison. CONCLUSION To evaluate a large number of MCMs across many pregnancies, we used crude methods for detecting potential signals. Therefore, these results should be seen as potential signals, not causal.
The Power of Randomness in Computing

In theoretical computer science randomness refers to the ability to toss a fair coin, or equivalently, to draw a uniform sample from {0, 1}r, where r denotes the number of coin flips needed. In practice we do no have access to such a perfect source of unbiased and uncorrelated random bits, but let us assume for now that we do and investigate the power it gives us. In some computational settings random bits turn out to be essential – either for fundamental reasons or for reasons of efficiency – but in some other settings they are conjectured to be dispensable.
AGE-SPECIFIC REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS: EVIDENCE FOR THE SELECTION HYPOTHESIS

Abstract Age-specific reproductive success has been demonstrated in many species. Three hypotheses have been raised to explain this general phenomenon: the experience hypothesis based on age-specific reproductive experience, the effort hypothesis based on age-specific reproductive effort, and the selection hypothesis based on progressive disappearance of phenotypes due to variation in individual productivity and survival. We used data from a long-term study of Leach's storm-petrels (Oceanodroma leucorhoa) to present a single test of mutually exclusive predictions about the relationship between early breeding success and longevity. There should be no correlation between early breeding success and longevity under the experience hypothesis, a negative correlation under the effort hypothesis, and a positive correlation under the selection hypothesis. We found a significant (P < 0.0001) positive relationship between success in the first two breeding attempts and longevity in this population of long-lived seabirds, strongly suggesting that low-productivity parents were also less likely to survive early breeding. These data provide some of the strongest support to date for the selection hypothesis.