Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AN EFFICIENT PSO BASED ENSEMBLE CLASSIFICATION MODEL ON HIGH DIMENSIONAL DATASETS

As the size of the biomedical databases are growing day by day, finding an essential features in the disease prediction have become more complex due to high dimensionality and sparsity problems. Also, due to the availability of a large number of micro-array datasets in the biomedical repositories, it is difficult to analyze, predict and interpret the feature information using the traditional feature selection based classification models. Most of the traditional feature selection based classification algorithms have computational issues such as dimension reduction, uncertainty and class imbalance on microarray datasets. Ensemble classifier is one of the scalable models for extreme learning machine due to its high efficiency, the fast processing speed for real-time applications. The main objective of the feature selection based ensemble learning models is to classify the high dimensional data with high computational efficiency and high true positive rate on high dimensional datasets. In this proposed model an optimized Particle swarm optimization (PSO) based Ensemble classification model was developed on high dimensional microarray datasets. Experimental results proved that the proposed model has high computational efficiency compared to the traditional feature selection based classification models in terms of accuracy , true positive rate and error rate are concerned.
The effects of recall on estimating annual nonfatal injury rates for children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVES This study used a recent national population survey on childhood and adolescent non-fatal injuries to investigate the effects of recall bias on estimating annual injury rates. Strategies to adjust for recall bias are recommended. METHODS The 1988 Child Health Supplement to the National Health Interview Survey collected 12-month recall information on injuries that occurred to a national sample of 17,110 children aged 0 through 17 years. Using information on timing of interviews and reported injuries, estimated annual injury rates were calculated for 12 accumulative recall periods (from 1 to 12 months). RESULTS The data show significantly declining rates, from 24.4 per 100 for a 1-month recall period to 14.7 per 100 for a 12-month recall period. The largest declines were found for the 0- through 4-year-old age group and for minor injuries. Rates of injuries that caused a school loss day, a bed day, surgery, or hospitalization showed higher stability throughout recall periods. CONCLUSIONS Varying recall periods have profound effects on the patterns of childhood injury epidemiology that emerge from the data. Recall periods of between 1 and 3 months are recommended for use in similar survey settings.
Working memory outcomes following unilateral arterial ischemic stroke in childhood

ABSTRACT There is a dearth of research examining working memory (WM) following pediatric arterial ischemic stroke (AIS). This study assesses the WM patterns of 32 children, aged 6 to 14 years, with a history of unilateral AIS and 32 controls using a paradigm based on Baddeley and Hitch’s multi-component WM model. The results indicate compromised WM in children with AIS relative to controls and parent reports confirm higher rates of dysfunction. Supplementary analyses of impairment confirm higher rates in children with AIS, ranging from 31.25% to 38.70% on performance-based measures and 50.00% on parent reports, compared to 0.00% to 21.88% on performance-based measures in controls and 15.63% on parent reports. Continual follow-up is recommended given that a subset of children with stroke appear to be at risk for WM impairment. Moreover, the subtle nature of WM challenges experienced by many children who have experienced a stroke increases the likelihood that WM impairment could go undetected. The long-term trajectories of WM in the pediatric stroke population remains unknown and future studies are needed to track changes in WM functioning over time.
Psychosocial Predictors of Hepatitis B Vaccination Among Young African-American Gay Men in the Deep South

Background Despite recommendations for vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) of men who have sex with men (MSM), most remain unvaccinated. Goal The goal of this study was to identify attitudes and beliefs associated with vaccination against HBV among black MSM. Study Design The Birmingham Vaccine Acceptance Questionnaire was used to collect data from gay bar patrons. Results Of the 143 participants, nearly 42% reported at least one dose of HBV vaccine. In multivariable analysis, characteristics associated with vaccination were a decreased perception of barriers to HBV vaccination (odds ratio [OR], 0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.22–0.61;P = 0.001); increased perceived medical severity (OR, 5.34; 95% CI, 2.38–11.96;P = 0.001) and personal severity (OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.38–3.56;P = 0.006) of HBV infection; and increased perceived general medical self-efficacy (OR, 9.22; 95% CI, 3.52–24.11;P = 0.0001) and personal self-efficacy (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.14–4.63;P = 0.008) to complete the three-dose series. Conclusions Our findings underscore the need to increase vaccination through innovative approaches to reduce perceived barriers to vaccination while increasing perceived severity of HBV infection and self-efficacy to complete the vaccine series.
IL-23 stimulates epidermal hyperplasia via TNF and IL-20R2–dependent mechanisms with implications for psoriasis pathogenesis

Aberrant cytokine expression has been proposed as an underlying cause of psoriasis, although it is unclear which cytokines play critical roles. Interleukin (IL)-23 is expressed in human psoriasis and may be a master regulator cytokine. Direct intradermal administration of IL-23 in mouse skin, but not IL-12, initiates a tumor necrosis factor–dependent, but IL-17A–independent, cascade of events resulting in erythema, mixed dermal infiltrate, and epidermal hyperplasia associated with parakeratosis. IL-23 induced IL-19 and IL-24 expression in mouse skin, and both genes were also elevated in human psoriasis. IL-23–dependent epidermal hyperplasia was observed in IL-19−/− and IL-24−/− mice, but was inhibited in IL-20R2−/− mice. These data implicate IL-23 in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and support IL-20R2 as a novel therapeutic target.
Pharmacological Studies of Grooming and Scratching Behavior Elicited by Spinal Substance P and Excitatory Amino Acids a

Compounds that produce depolarization of nociceptive neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord also elicit a rather specific kind of caudally directed biting, licking, and/or scratching behavior when they are injected intrathecally in mice. We sought to use this elicited grooming behavior as a test for compounds that might inhibit the neurons excited by the excitatory agents. All three neurokinins--substance P, neurokinin A (substance K), neurokinin B (neuromedin K)--and excitatory amino acids active at N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) or quisqualate receptors produce similar behaviors, which last for 1 minute after i.t. injection. Our data indicate that mu opioid agonists or alpha adrenergic agonists block both neurokinin-elicited behavior and EAA-elicited behavior; delta opioid agonists block only neurokinin-elicited behavior; and PCP/sigma "opioid" agonists block only EAA-elicited behavior. Somatostatin and serotonin produce qualitatively different behaviors by themselves and, when administered with neurokinins, partially block neurokinin-elicited behavior.
Patterns of synaptic input on corticocortical and corticothalamic cells in the cat visual cortex. I. The cell body

Immunocytochemical and electron microscopic methods were used to examine the ultrastructure and synaptology of callosal and corticothalamic pyramidal cell somata in the cat visual cortex (area 17). Callosal and corticothalamic cells were labeled after injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the contralateral visual cortex or in the ipsilateral lateral geniculate nucleus. The synaptic relationship between each of the two populations of pyramidal cells and cells containing the inhibitory neurotransmitter γM‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) was examined at the light and electron microscope level using the combined techniques of retrograde transport of HRP and GABA immunocytochemistry. We found that callosal and corticothalamic cell somata have an ultrastructure and synaptology that distinguishes them from each other. Reconstructions from electron micrographs of serial sections revealed that the vast majority of synapses (89–96%) on the cell body of pyramidal cells were formed by GABAergic axon terminals, and that within each population of pyramidal cells there was variability in the number and density of axosomatic synapses. Callosal pyramidal cells received a greater number and higher density of axosomatic synapses than corticothalamic cells. These data suggest that callosal cells receive more inhibition than corticothalamic cells at the level of their somata.
Long-Term Effects on Bone Mineral Density of Different Therapeutic Schemes for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia or Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma during Childhood

Background: Little is known regarding long-term bone deficit in relationship with the modalities of cancer therapy among survivors of childhood malignancy. Methods: Bone mineral density (BMD) was evaluated at lumbar spine (LS), total hip and femoral neck in 89 patients (44 men) more than 5 years after remission of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The patients had received chemotherapy (group I; n = 41), chemotherapy and cranial irradiation (group II; n = 32), or bone marrow transplantation (BMT) with total body irradiation (TBI) (group III; n = 16). All patients had received methylprednisolone and 47 additional dexamethasone treatment. Results: A reduced BMD at any site was observed in 44 of the 89 patients, more frequently in men (66%) than women (33%) (p < 0.001). In comparison with group I, mean BMD was significantly lower at all sites in group II and at the total hip and femoral neck in group III. A multivariate analysis showed independent significant influences of male gender at LS (p < 0.001) and of type of treatment and dexamethasone at the hip (p < 0.05). Conclusions: A low bone mass is frequently observed in adult survivors of childhood ALL and NHL, and is associated with male gender at the LS and with dexamethasone treatment, cranial irradiation and BMT/TBI at the hip.
SPICE modelling of precessional spin-transfer switching in MRAM cells with a perpendicular polarizer

The development of hybrid Magnetic-CMOS circuits such as MRAM (Magnetic RAM) and Magnetic logic circuit requires efficient simulation models to describe the magnetic devices electrical behavior. A compact-model of Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (MTJ) is presented in this paper. This device is the most commonly used magnetic components in CMOS circuits. This model is based on Spin-Transfer Torque (STT) with a perpendicular polarizer writing approach. The current-induced magnetic switching and excitations was studied in structures comprising a perpendicularly magnetized polarizing layer (PL), an in-plane magnetized free layer (FL), and an in-plane magnetized analyzing layer (AL).
Nanotripods of Zinc Oxide

We report the discovery of two-dimensional (2-D) nanotripods of ZnO, a new member of the ZnO nanostructure family. These planar nanotripods are synthesized via a novel approach known as catalyst-free combust-oxidized mesh (CFCOM) process that we developed using a ZnO factory furnace. At about 1200 °C, high velocity zinc vapor is instantly oxidized and captured in a steel mesh for 20s and then air-quenched. From this subminute synthesis process, three types of polycrystalline 2-D tripodal nanostructures are discovered. The ZnO tripods are composed of three planar arms that appear as rectangular nanoplates. We propose two growth routes for these planar tripods, namely base-arm and tripodal-core routes. For the former route, growth begins with the base arm in [[unk] [unk] 20 ] direction. During quenching, the other two arms grow from newly formed tapered facets, ([unk]110) and (1[unk]10). The tripodal-core growth route involves the formation of a hexagonal disc with ±( 0002 ) larger surfaces. From this core, three arms grow simultaneously in [ 11[unk]0 ], [ [unk]10 ] and [ 1[unk]10 ] directions, while the core transforms into a Y-shaped configuration with ±( 10[unk]0), ±( 01[unk]0 ) and ±( [unk]100 ) planes. Morphological analyses are performed using FESEM, EDS, TEM and XRD. Photoluminescence test detects the presence of structural defects associated with green and red peak emissions.
Proteomic profiles of induced hepatotoxicity at the subcellular level

In the present study proteomes of liver samples were analyzed after administration of phenobarbital (PB) or 3‐methylcholantrene (3‐MC) to mice. Liver cell homogenates were subfractionated by differential ultracentrifugation into cytosol and microsomes, which were subjected to 2‐DE to generate the proteomic maps of these fractions. 2‐DE yielded 1100 and 800 protein spots for microsomes and cytosol, respectively. General trends of the fraction‐specific alterations after 3‐MC or PB treatment were evaluated using the Student's t‐test and the principal component analysis (PCA). According to the PCA‐derived data, the microsomal changes after 3‐MC and PB treatment were quite similar. However, in the case of the cytosol data, the specificities of 3‐MC‐ and PB‐induced responses could be clearly distinguished from each other. Protein spots, whose expression levels differed from control, were identified by MALDI‐TOF PMF. Proteomic studies such as those reported herein can be useful in identifying the molecular‐based toxicity of lead drug candidates.
National public health surveillance in China: implications for public health in China and the United States.

STUDY OBJECTIVE Throughout the world, political developments have brought new demands to communities to prevent and intervene in the incidence of infectious and noninfectious conditions. Historically, these developments have required new and more effective public health surveillance activities. This report describes public health surveillance practice in the People's Republic of China, making comparisons with selected aspects of surveillance in the United States with respect to collection, analysis, dissemination, and use of data. MAIN RESULTS In both the People's Republic of China and the United States, political change has affected health, and multiple surveillance system are used in public health practice. Surveillance of acute infectious diseases based on the reporting of legally notifiable diseases and the use of vital records for surveillance have the longest established history in both countries. In both countries, data from the surveillance systems have been used to affect public health policy. CONCLUSIONS In comparing surveillance practices in these countries, we find similarities in conditions reported and in the dissemination of the data. At the same time, legal, social, cultural, and economic differences between the nations have affected the practice of surveillance in analysis and evaluation. We make explicit recommendations for improvement and evaluation of systems in both countries, including sentinel surveillance system and data quality measures in China and computer networking and data analysis in the United States.
Multifeature modular deep neural network acoustic models

This paper presents and examines multifeature modular deep neural network acoustic models. The proposed setup uses well trained bottleneck networks to extract features from multiple combinations of input features and combines them using a classification deep neural network (DNN). The effectiveness of each feature combination is evaluated empirically on multiple test sets for both a classical DNN as well as a for modular DNNs using only a single module. Modular DNNs using two or more modules are shown to reduce the WER by up to 11.5% relatively compared to a baseline DNN and give the best overall performance on both test sets.
Faecal oestrogens and progesterone metabolites in mares of different breeds during the last trimester of pregnancy.

Non-invasive pregnancy diagnosis in mares by measuring faecal oestrogens has been performed over years with great accuracy. However, results have indicated breed-related differences in the amount of excreted steroids during late pregnancy. Therefore faecal samples were collected during the last 4 months of pregnancy of Thoroughbred (n = 10), New Forest pony (n = 9), Shetland pony (n = 10) and Iceland pony mares (n = 11). Concentrations of oestrogens, 20alpha-hydroxy- and 20-oxopregnanes were measured using enzyme immunoassays. Breed differences concerning both levels (though significant only in case of oestrogens) and time course of measured steroids were observed. There was a highly significant time effect (p < 0.00001) and an interaction between time and breeds (p < 0.02) for all steroids measured, suggesting that the time effect differs for different breeds. Oestrogen concentrations showed a decrease towards parturition, whereas in 20alpha-hydroxy- and 20-oxopregnane levels a pronounced increase was found 2 and I months, respectively, before parturition. A breed effect was only significant (p = 0.001) when comparing oestrogen concentrations and was mainly due to Iceland ponies, which had the lowest concentrations especially during the last 2 months of pregnancy. An almost significant (p = 0.06) breed effect was found for 20-oxopregnanes. In Iceland mares an additional increase in faecal pregnane content was already observed earlier, reaching maximum levels before the 60th day ante-partum (a.p.), followed by a decrease until the 30th day a.p. The ratio of 20-oxopregnanes to oestrogens in the samples was significantly higher (p < 0.006) in Iceland ponies in comparison with any other breed throughout all months before parturition. The breed differences observed in the amounts of oestrogens and/or progestagens present during late pregnancy may demonstrate micro-evolutionary changes in the endocrine system of a species.
Location Constraints for Mobile Workflows

The advances of mobile technologies like portable handheld-computers and wireless data transmission enabled the realization of mobile workflow management systems. In such systems workflow activities can be performed using mobile devices like PDAs or smartphones. Further, the availability of locating technologies like the Global Positioning System (GPS) allows determining the spatial position of a mobile computer and stimulated the emergence of a new class of mobile application, the so called “Location-based Services”. The novel approach presented in this paper is to define location constraints for individual workflow activities when modeling a workflow schema to restrict the location where an activity can be performed. Restricting the location of activities to particular locations can help to mitigate mobility-specific usability and security issues. We introduce several types of such location constraints and suggest ways how to define them. A special focus is on “location rules” to automatically derive dynamic location constraints based on the mobile actor's current position.
Racial disparities in rectal cancer treatment: a population-based analysis.

HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that there are significant racial disparities in delivery of care to rectal cancer patients. We examined differential surgical and radiation treatment for these patients and determined whether blacks were less likely than whites to undergo sphincter-sparing procedures, which are associated with a higher quality of life than sphincter-ablating procedures. DESIGN Cross-sectional cohort study. PATIENTS AND SETTING The Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database provided population-based data for rectal cancer patients who were diagnosed between 1988 and 1999, were older than 35 years, and had no prior colorectal or other pelvic cancer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Using logistic regression, we compared receipt and type of surgical therapy and radiation therapy, controlling for age, sex, year, geography, stage, and anatomic location. RESULTS Among 52 864 patients, 3851 were black and 44 010 were white. Blacks were younger than whites and had more advanced disease (P<.001). Among patients who underwent operation, rates of sphincter-ablating procedure were 37% for whites and 43% for blacks (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23-1.65). Moreover, 53% of whites and 56% of blacks received no radiation therapy for stage II to III disease (AOR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.15-1.47). CONCLUSIONS Blacks with rectal cancer were diagnosed at a younger age and more advanced disease stage than whites, implying a need for more aggressive screening. After adjusting for stage and other covariates, surgical and radiation treatment also differed along racial lines. Our data suggest that treatment disparities may contribute to differences in outcome among racial/ethnic groups with rectal cancer, and they highlight the need for improving access to state-of-the-art surgical care for minority patients with rectal cancer.
Accumulation of cadmium by durum wheat roots: Bases for citrate‐mediated exceptions to the free ion model

The accumulation of Cd in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum) roots from hydroponic solutions, with the proportion of total Cd (8.9–445 nM Cd) as Cd2+ varied by the addition of citrate, was determined to test the free‐ion model (FIM) of metal bioavailability for higher plants. Calcium, Mg, and K were also varied. Citrate enhanced root‐Cd accumulation at higher Cd2+ concentrations but not lower relative to the same Cd2+ concentrations in solutions containing 0 mM citrate. Elevating Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations in the citrate solution to the same as those in control solutions alleviated some of the citrate‐mediated enhancement but not all. Solutions containing 66% less Ca or Mg than control but the same Cd2+ concentration and no citrate also resulted in increased root Cd. Elevated K+ did not influence Cd accumulation. Regression relationships between root‐Cd accumulation and total Cd in solution were similar for the control and pooled amended solutions, whereas they were different for root‐Cd accumulation and solution Cd2+. These results contribute to the growing body of evidence that the FIM alone is likely insufficient to predict plant accumulation of metals from soils, although it may be a useful probe for the mechanistic bases of metal bioavailability.
An improved current feedback based maximum power point tracking controller for solar photo-voltaic system

Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique with improved current feedback has been proposed for solar photo-voltaic system in this work. A proportional integral derivative (PID) type controller with online set-point adjustment has been designed. The parameters of PID controller have been tuned using relay tuning method. Performance of this technique has been compared with perturb and observe (P & O) method of maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Matlab/Simulink model of solar photo-voltaic system and boost converter with proposed maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique and perturb and observe maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique has been designed. Simulation results showed the superiority of proposed method for tracking maximum power point (MPP) under rapidly varying solar radiations as compared to P & O maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique.