Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Association of Peri-Prostatic Fat and Grade Group Progression in Men with Localized Prostate Cancer on Active Surveillance.

PURPOSE Evidence suggests that visceral fat quantity may be associated with post-prostatectomy outcomes and risk of prostate cancer-related death. We aimed to evaluate if increased fat volume, normalized to prostate size, is associated with decreased risk of disease progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients enrolled on a prospective active surveillance trial for at least 6 months who had an MRI within 2 years of enrollment were eligible. The surveillance protocol included a standardized follow-up regimen consisting of biennial PSA and exam and yearly biopsy. Clinicopathologic characteristics were collected at baseline. Three fat measurements were taken using prostate MRI images: subcutaneous, linear periprostatic (pubic symphysis to prostate) and volumetrically-defined periprostatic. Progression was defined as increase in Gleason grade group. Multivariable cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate fat volumes normalized by prostate size (stratified into tertiles). RESULTS A total of 175 patients were included. Average age was 62.5 years (SD 7.4) and average PSA was 5.4 ng/dL (STD 3.9). Median follow-up was 42 months (IQR 18-60) and 50/175 patients (28.6%) progressed. Compared to the lowest tertile, the highest tertile of volumetric peri-prostatic fat measurement (HR 2.63, 95 CI 1.23-5.60, P=0.01) and linear peri-prostatic fat measurement (HR 2.30, 95 CI 1.01-5.22, P=0.05) were associated with worsened progression free survival, while subcutaneous fat measurement (P=0.97) was not. Importantly, the model did not substantively change when accounting for patient body mass index and other factors. CONCLUSIONS Increased peri-prostatic fat volume, normalized to prostate size, may be associated with shortened progression-free survival in men with prostate cancer managed on active surveillance.
Eye movements in anorexia nervosa: State or trait markers?

OBJECTIVE Differences in saccadic eye movements are widely reported in mental illnesses, and can indirectly inform our understanding of neurobiological and cognitive underpinnings of psychiatric conditions, including anorexia nervosa (AN). Preliminary research has suggested that individuals with AN may show specific eye movement abnormalities; whether these deficits are representative of state or trait effects is, however, unclear. The aim of this study was to identify whether there are demonstrable differences in performance on saccadic eye movement tasks in individuals with current AN (c-AN), those who are weight-restored from AN (wr-AN), biological sisters of individuals with AN (AN-sis), and healthy controls (HC). METHODS Eighty participants took part in the study (n = 20/group). A set of saccadic eye movement tasks was administered, including prosaccade, antisaccade, memory-guided saccade, and visual scanpath tasks. RESULTS The c-AN group showed an increased rate of inhibitory errors to 10° targets on the memory-guided saccade task. DISCUSSION The results are discussed in terms of the potential role of the superior colliculus in AN, and that the findings may reflect a state measure of AN.
Perspectives for New and More Efficient Multifunctional Ligands for Alzheimer′s Disease Therapy

Despite tremendous research efforts at every level, globally, there is still a lack of effective drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer′s disease (AD). The biochemical mechanisms of this devastating neurodegenerative disease are not yet clearly understood. This review analyses the relevance of multiple ligands in drug discovery for AD as a versatile toolbox for a polypharmacological approach to AD. Herein, we highlight major targets associated with AD, ranging from acetylcholine esterase (AChE), beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE-1), glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β), N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, monoamine oxidases (MAOs), metal ions in the brain, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors, the third subtype of histamine receptor (H3 receptor), to phosphodiesterases (PDEs), along with a summary of their respective relationship to the disease network. In addition, a multitarget strategy for AD is presented, based on reported milestones in this area and the recent progress that has been achieved with multitargeted-directed ligands (MTDLs). Finally, the latest publications referencing the enlarged panel of new biological targets for AD related to the microglia are highlighted. However, the question of how to find meaningful combinations of targets for an MTDLs approach remains unanswered.
Hide and seek in forests: colonization by the pine processionary moth is impeded by the presence of nonhost trees

1 The disruption of host‐finding cues has been proposed as a key mechanism underlying the lower damage caused by phytophagous insects in mixed forests. We tested this hypothesis by investigating the distribution of pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffer‐Müller) (Lepidoptera) infestation at the edges of pure stands of Pinus pinaster (AÏton) at some distance from nonhost trees (Experiment 1) or bordered in part by a broadleaved hedgerow (Experiment 2). 2 An ‘edge effect' was demonstrated, with trees at the edge of the stand being more heavily infested than those at the interior of the stand. 3 The presence of a nonhost broadleaved hedgerow in front of the edge of the pine stand resulted in lower T. pityocampa infestation. There were significantly fewer T. pityocampa nests behind the hedgerow than on the exposed part of the edge. The presence of the hedgerow did not dilute or repel T. pityocampa infestation further into the pine stand, although it decreased the infestation of T. pityocampa throughout the pine stand. The decrease in T. pityocampa infestation behind the hedgerow was greater when the broadleaved hedgerow was taller than the pine trees. 4 These results highlight the benefits of using nonhost tree species on the edge of monospecific forest stands to reduce insect damage. This approach could be promoted as an innovative forest pest management method.
Evaluation and Benefits of Head-Mounted Display Systems for HRI Research

The intent of this evaluation is to describe the unique benefits that may be provided to human robot interaction (HRI) researchers by the capabilities of commercially available binocular head-mounted displays (HMDs) and associated handheld controllers. Three popular HMDs (Oculus Rift, HTC Vive, and Google Daydream) were compared across eight factors: cost, head tracking fidelity, visual resolution, user mobility, hand tracking fidelity, number of input modes, adaptability of input, and provided tracking space. Each of these elements was considered in the context of their relevance to the field of HRI, and potential importance for conducting research in immersive virtual reality (IVR). A Pugh chart was developed to succinctly compare the pros and cons of each headset alongside a description of IVR tasks for HRI military research as well as examples taken from work currently being conducted in our lab.
THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF POMEGRANATE SEED PULP WITH MULTI-ENZYME ON PERFORMANCE, EGG QUALITY AND SERUM ANTIOXIDANT IN LAYING HENS

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of supplementation different levels of pomegranate seed pulp (PSP) on performance and blood parameters in laying hens. A total of 96 layers hens (Hy-line W-36) at 24 week of age were randomly assigned into 4 treatments including 0 (control), 5, 10 and 15% of PSP, with 4 replicates containing 6 layers in each. Results showed no significant effect of PSP levels on feed intake, egg mass, egg weight, feed conversion ratio and body weight gain. Supplementation of PSP at 5% increased egg production and is significantly different (P<0.05) to 15% PSP but not in control group, suggesting negative effect of high level PSP in layers diet. Haugh unit, yolk and albumen indexes as well as eggshell weight, eggshell ratio and breaking strength were not significantly affected by dietary PSP. There was no significant effect of PSP on serum triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein and total antioxidant. In contrast, the serum malondialdehyde was significantly (P<0.05) increased using 5% PSP in diet,with cholesterol level significantly (P<0.05) increased in all inclusion level of PSP compared to the control. The results shown that supplementation of PSP up to 15% improve egg production but higher concentration has detrimental effects on laying performance. Supplementation of PSP increased (P<0.05) cholesterol in the layers blood.
Aktuelles zur Chagas-Krankheit und das deutsche Chagas-Netzwerk ELCiD

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die in Lateinamerika endemische Chagas-Krankheit gehört zu den vernachlässigten Erkrankungen und betrifft circa 8 Mio. Menschen. Nach einer akuten Krankheitsphase mit Indikation zur antiparasitären Therapie entwickeln ein Drittel der Infizierten chronische Organkomplikationen primär an Herz und am Darm. In der chronischen Phase steht die Behandlung der Komplikationen im Vordergrund. In Europa kann die Infektion über Blut- oder Organspende sowie konnatal übertragen werden, jedoch besteht hierfür bislang kein ausreichendes Bewusstsein. Die Herztransplantation ist mittlerweile eine gut etablierte Therapieoption bei chronischer Chagas-Kardiomyopathie. Im Rahmen des deutschen Chagas-Netzwerks ELCiD sollen niederschwellige Angebote zur Beratung und Testung sowie spezifische Expertise in der Behandlung von Komplikationen der chronischen Infektion aufgebaut werden.
Current Understanding, Knowledge Gaps and a Perspective on the Future of COVID-19 Infections: A Systematic Review

A novel coronavirus infection, which began as an outbreak of unusual viral pneumonia in Wuhan, a central city in China, has evolved into a global health crisis. The outbreak is an unembellished reminder of the hazard coronaviruses pose to public health. Government and researchers around the world have been taking swift measures to control the outbreak and conduct aetiological studies to understand the various facets of the outbreak. This review is an attempt at providing an insight about the current understanding, knowledge gaps and a perspective on the future of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections. All the authentic data published so far on COVID-19 has been systematically analysed. PubMed, NCBI, World Health Organisation, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (India), and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention databases and bibliographies of relevant studies up to 22nd June 2020 have been included. The Wuhan outbreak is a stark reminder of the continuing threat posed by zoonotic diseases to global health. Despite an armamentarium of Government officials, researchers and medical fraternity working towards the containment of this novel coronavirus viral pneumonia continues to spread at an alarming rate infecting multitudes and claiming hundreds of lives.
Synthesis and Characterisation of Acrylic Resin-Al Powder Composites Suitable for Additive Manufacturing

Stereolithography is an additive manufacturing technology commonly used to build either prototypes or final parts. Nevertheless, the manufacture of structural parts has been ruled out owing to the poor mechanical properties of conventional UV-curable resins. Moreover, the inventory of available commercial resins is still limited and they exhibit low thermal and electrical conductivity values. In this work, some composite materials were designed using Al microparticles dispersed within an SLA commercial resin matrix. These composites overcame the difficulties caused by the light scattering effect during the photopolymerisation process in the SLA technology. Dispersion of the filler was characterised by means of SEM/EDX and AFM. The composites exhibited improved thermal and mechanical behaviour in comparison with the pristine resin. The simplicity of the synthesis method used to prepare the composites provides a convenient starting point to explore new ways of designing composites for SLA with improved mechanical and functional properties.
Scalable and High-Throughput Top-Down Manufacturing of Optical Metasurfaces

Metasurfaces have shown promising potential to miniaturize existing bulk optical components thanks to their extraordinary optical properties and ultra-thin, small, and lightweight footprints. However, the absence of proper manufacturing methods has been one of the main obstacles preventing the practical application of metasurfaces and commercialization. Although a variety of fabrication techniques have been used to produce optical metasurfaces, there are still no universal scalable and high-throughput manufacturing methods that meet the criteria for large-scale metasurfaces for device/product-level applications. The fundamentals and recent progress of the large area and high-throughput manufacturing methods are discussed with practical device applications. We systematically classify various top-down scalable patterning techniques for optical metasurfaces: firstly, optical and printing methods are categorized and then their conventional and unconventional (emerging/new) techniques are discussed in detail, respectively. In the end of each section, we also introduce the recent developments of metasurfaces realized by the corresponding fabrication methods.
Cxcl9l and Cxcr3.2 regulate recruitment of osteoclast progenitors to bone matrix in a medaka osteoporosis model

Significance Bone remodeling requires a balanced interplay of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. While the intercellular signaling that triggers bone cell differentiation is well understood, it remains unclear how bone progenitor cells are recruited to remodeling sites. Various chemokines are upregulated under osteoporotic conditions. However, whether they are involved in progenitor recruitment or instead have inflammatory roles is unknown. Here we used a medaka fish osteoporosis model to identify the chemokine ligand Cxcl9l and receptor Cxcr3.2 as essential to control osteoclast progenitor recruitment and differentiation at bone resorption sites. Cxcr3.2 activity can be blocked by small-molecule inhibitors that protect bone from osteoporotic insult. Our study demonstrates the potential of fish for osteoporosis drug discovery and opens avenues for future osteoporosis therapy. Bone homeostasis requires continuous remodeling of bone matrix to maintain structural integrity. This involves extensive communication between bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts to orchestrate balanced progenitor cell recruitment and activation. Only a few mediators controlling progenitor activation are known to date and have been targeted for intervention of bone disorders such as osteoporosis. To identify druggable pathways, we generated a medaka (Oryzias latipes) osteoporosis model, where inducible expression of receptor-activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (Rankl) leads to ectopic formation of osteoclasts and excessive bone resorption, which can be assessed by live imaging. Here we show that upon Rankl induction, osteoblast progenitors up-regulate expression of the chemokine ligand Cxcl9l. Ectopic expression of Cxcl9l recruits mpeg1-positive macrophages to bone matrix and triggers their differentiation into osteoclasts. We also demonstrate that the chemokine receptor Cxcr3.2 is expressed in a distinct subset of macrophages in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM). Live imaging revealed that upon Rankl induction, Cxcr3.2-positive macrophages get activated, migrate to bone matrix, and differentiate into osteoclasts. Importantly, mutations in cxcr3.2 prevent macrophage recruitment and osteoclast differentiation. Furthermore, Cxcr3.2 inhibition by the chemical antagonists AMG487 and NBI-74330 also reduced osteoclast recruitment and protected bone integrity against osteoporotic insult. Our data identify a mechanism for progenitor recruitment to bone resorption sites and Cxcl9l and Cxcr3.2 as potential druggable regulators of bone homeostasis and osteoporosis.
Bacterial synthesis of C3-C5 diols via extending amino acid catabolism

Significance To date, most industrially relevant bioproduction processes rely on sugar-based feedstocks, whereas utilization of ever-increasing protein wastes or hydrolysates, e.g., amino acids (AAs), for chemical production has been less explored. Currently, AAs that generated from cheap protein-rich wastes or overproduced from industrial fermentation mainly serve as animal feed additives and flavor ingredients. Considering the natural abundance and structural diversity of AAs, they may serve as new platform chemicals for chemical expansion in microbial systems. Through combination of a common catabolism of charged AAs and a diol production pathway, we devise a general metabolic platform that converts multiple AAs and glucose into C3-C5 diols. Our work presents a platform that enriches the pathway repertoire for nonnatural diols with expanded feedstock flexibility. Amino acids are naturally occurring and structurally diverse metabolites in biological system, whose potentials for chemical expansion, however, have not been fully explored. Here, we devise a metabolic platform capable of producing industrially important C3-C5 diols from amino acids. The presented platform combines the natural catabolism of charged amino acids with a catalytically efficient and thermodynamically favorable diol formation pathway, created by expanding the substrate scope of the carboxylic acid reductase toward noncognate ω-hydroxylic acids. Using the established platform as gateways, seven different diol-convertible amino acids are converted to diols including 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, and 1,5-pentanediol. Particularly, we afford to optimize the production of 1,4-butanediol and demonstrate the de novo production of 1,5-pentanediol from glucose, with titers reaching 1.41 and 0.97 g l−1, respectively. Our work presents a metabolic platform that enriches the pathway repertoire for nonnatural diols with feedstock flexibility to both sugar and protein hydrolysates.
How Individuals Who Self-Harm Manage Their Own Risk—‘I Cope Because I Self-Harm, and I Can Cope with my Self-Harm’

Self-harm is a complex and idiosyncratic behaviour. This article focuses on how those who self-harm manage their own risk. Utilising opportunity sampling, ten members of a self-harm support group were interviewed about how they risk manage their self-harm and the data analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. The analysis showed that all participants were actively involved in risk management of their self-harm. Through a process of managing consequences, exercising control in the process, and an awareness of the social context. It is posited that people who self-harm should be viewed as actively engaging with the risks of self-harm whilst it is a coping mechanism, as opposed to passive or ignoring. This understanding can be integrated into current risk management plans within services and invites a more dynamic conversation of self-harm between services users and services. Effective risk management involves good relationships between individuals who self-harm and clinicians, services which promote positive risk taking as opposed to defensive practice, and true collaboration between services and service users.
Partitioning of shoot and root dry matter and carbohydrates in bean plants suffering from phosphorus, potassium and magnesium deficiency

The influence of varied supply of phosphorus (10 and 250 mmol P m -3 ), potassium (50 and 2010 mmol K m -3 ) and magnesium (20 and 1000 mmol Mg m -3 ) on the partitioning of dry matter and carbohydrates (reducing sugars, sucrose and starch) between shoots and roots was studied in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) plants grown in nutrient solution over a 12 d period. Shoot and root growth were quite differently affected by low supply of P, K, and Mg. The shoot/root dry weight ratios were 4.9 in the control (sufficient plants), 1.8 in P-deficient, 6.9 in K-deficient and 10.2 in Mg-deficient plants. In primary (source) leaves, but not in trifoliate leaves, concentrations of reducing sugars, sucrose and starch were also differently affected by low nutrient supply
Arabidopsis COPPER TRANSPORTER 1 undergoes degradation in a proteasome-dependent manner.

The essential nutrient copper is toxic in excess. Therefore, plants must tightly control copper uptake and distribution. Arabidopsis thaliana high-affinity copper transporters (COPTs) mediate copper uptake, partitioning and redistribution. Here we show that COPT1 localizes to the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum in stably transgenic plants expressing a COPT1-GFP fusion protein, and the fusion protein is rapidly degraded upon plant exposure to excess copper. MG132 treatment largely abolished Cu-induced degradation of COPT1, implying a link between the proteasome and COPT1 activity in modulating copper uptake. Coimmunoprecipitation analyses revealed that COPT1 cannot be ubiquitinated in the presence of excess copper and MG132. Through site-directed mutagenesis, we identified Lys159 in the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail of COPT1 as critical for copper acquisition, but not for copper-mediated downregulation of COPT1, in plants. Furthermore, pharmacological analysis showed that treatment with a vesicle trafficking inhibitor or a V-ATPase inhibitor does not alter the subcellular dynamics of COPT1-GFP, consistent with the absence of a connection between the endosomal recycling/vacuolar system and COPT1 degradation. Together, our data suggest that proteasomal degradation rather than vacuolar proteolysis is important for the regulation of copper transport to maintain copper homeostasis in plants.
Wood‐feeding beetles and soil nutrient cycling in burned forests: implications of post‐fire salvage logging

1 Rising economic demands for boreal forest resources along with current and predicted increases in wildfire activity have increased salvage logging of burned forests. Currently, the ecological consequences of post‐fire salvage logging are insufficiently understood to develop effective management guidelines or to adequately inform policy decision‐makers. 2 We used both field and laboratory studies to examine the effects of post‐fire salvage logging on populations of the white‐spotted sawyer Monochamus scutellatus scutellatus (Say) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and its ecological function in boreal forest. 3 Monochamus s. scutellatus adults were relatively abundant in both burned and clear‐cut logged sites but were absent from salvage logged sites. 4 An in situ mesocosm experiment showed that the abundance of M. s. scutellatus larvae in burned white spruce bolts was linked to changes in total organic nitrogen and carbon in mineral soil. 5 Organic nutrient inputs in the form of M. s. scutellatus frass increased mineral soil microbial respiration rates by more than three‐fold and altered the availability of nitrogen. Changes in nitrogen availability corresponded with decreased germination and growth of Epilobium angustifolium and Populus spp. but not Calamagrostis canadensis. 6 Although the present study focused on local scale effects, the reported findings suggest that continued economic emphasis on post‐fire salvage logging may have implications beyond the local scale for biodiversity conservation, nutrient cycling and plant community composition in forest ecosystems recovering from wildfire.