Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A prospective study of 80,000 total joint and 5000 anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction procedures in a community-based registry in the United States.

Health-care costs in the United States have increased substantially over time. From 1980 to 2007, the percentage of gross national product spent on health care has increased from 8.8% to 16%1. Total joint replacement is one of the most costly diagnosis-related groups, with >600,000 procedures performed each year in the United States2,3. The demand for total joint replacement is expected to increase in the United States as a result of advances in medical technology, an increased prevalence of obesity, and an increasing aging population2,4. By 2030, annual volumes are projected to increase by 673% for primary total knee arthroplasty and by 174% for primary total hip arthroplasty4. The demand for revision total knee and total hip arthroplasty is also projected to increase by 601% and 137%, respectively. Total knee and total hip arthroplasty costs are also expected to increase dramatically, with annual hospital charges estimated to reach $40.8 billion for primary total knee arthroplasty and $17.4 billion for primary total knee arthroplasty by 20155. Similar increases in cost are projected for revision total knee and total hip arthroplasty. Wilson et al. estimated that by 2030, total knee arthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty will cost Medicare over $50 billion6. In addition to increases in demand and cost, recent concerns about metal-on-metal bearing surfaces7 and recent implant recalls and advisories have emphasized the need to monitor total joint outcomes nationwide. The identification of procedures and implants associated with higher revision rates could prevent revision procedures, improving care and addressing the increased cost and demand associated with this procedure. Joint registries provide one potential solution for reducing total joint replacement implant variation and revision rates. The Swedish Hip Register8-11 has demonstrated the effectiveness …
Histone deacetylase activity is required for embryonic stem cell differentiation

Mammalian development requires commitment of cells to restricted lineages, which requires epigenetic regulation of chromatin structure. Epigenetic modifications were examined during in vitro differentiation of murine embryonic stem (ES) cells. Global histone acetylation, a euchromatin marker, declines dramatically within 1 day of differentiation induction and partially rebounds by day 2. Histone H3‐Lys9 methylation, a heterochromatin marker, increases during in vitro differentiation. Conversely, the euchromatin marker H3‐Lys4 methylation transiently decreases, then increases to undifferentiated levels by day 4, and decreases by day 6. Global cytosine methylation, another heterochromatin marker, increases slightly during ES cell differentiation. Chromatin structure of the Oct4 and Brachyury gene promoters is modulated in concert with their pattern of expression during ES cell differentiation. Importantly, prevention of global histone deacetylation by treatment with trichostatin A prevents ES cell differentiation. Hence, ES cells undergo functionally important global and gene‐specific remodeling of chromatin structure during in vitro differentiation. genesis 38:32–38, 2004. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nation states and multinationals: common interests, conflicting interests and public policies

Abstract Bearing in mind the growing importance of foreign direct investment (FDI) originating in the emerging economies, this paper seeks to make a contribution to the relatively neglected subject of the relationship between nation states and their outgoing multinational enterprises (MNEs), i.e. between home countries and multinationals originating within their jurisdiction. Starting from the observation that nation states and business corporations are both man-made creations which interact intensively, the paper explores their common and conflicting interests. Reviewing the ways they handle their conflicts, the paper focuses on the development of their relative bargaining power, and goes on to examine the public policy implications of cross-border transfer of value activities as well as of total corporate control, i.e. of corporate nationality change. Case studies of Israel-based multinational enterprises sold abroad are employed to illustrate the effects of such transfers and their implications for the formulation of public policy.
Detection of subnanotesla oscillatory magnetic fields using MRI

Direct mapping of neuronal currents using MRI would have fundamental impacts on brain functional imaging. Previous reports indicated that the stimulus‐induced rotary saturation (SIRS) mechanism had the best potential of direct detection of neural oscillations; however, it lacked the high‐sensitivity level needed. In this study, a novel strategy is proposed in an effort to improve the detection sensitivity.
Hypermethylation of CpG island loci and hypomethylation of LINE‐1 and Alu repeats in prostate adenocarcinoma and their relationship to clinicopathological features

Promoter CpG island hypermethylation is an important carcinogenic event in prostate adenocarcinoma. Regardless of tissue type, human cancers have in common both focal CpG island hypermethylation and global genomic hypomethylation. The present study evaluated CpG island loci hypermethylation and LINE‐1 and Alu repeat hypomethylation in prostate adenocarcinoma, analysed the relationship between them, and correlated these findings with clinicopathological features. We examined 179 cases of prostate adenocarcinoma and 30 cases of benign prostate hypertrophy for the methylation status of 22 CpG island loci and the methylation levels of LINE‐1 and Alu repeats using methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction and combined bisulphite restriction analysis, respectively. The following 16 CpG island loci were found to display cancer‐related hypermethylation: RASSF1A, GSTP1, RARB, TNFRSF10C, APC, BCL2, MDR1, ASC, TIG1, RBP1, COX2, THBS1, TNFRSF10D, CD44, p16, and RUNX3. Except for the last four CpG island loci, hypermethylation of each of the remaining 12 CpG island loci displayed a close association with one or more of the prognostic parameters (ie preoperative serum prostate specific antigen level, Gleason score sum, and clinical stage). Prostate adenocarcinoma with hypermethylation of each of ASC, COX2, RARB, TNFRSF10C, MDR1, TIG1, RBP1, NEUROG1, RASSF1A, and GSTP1 showed a significantly lower methylation level of Alu or LINE‐1 than prostate adenocarcinoma without hypermethylation. In addition, hypomethylation of Alu or LINE‐1 was closely associated with one or more of the above prognostic parameters. These data suggest that in tumour progression a close relationship exists between CpG island hypermethylation and the hypomethylation of repetitive elements, and that CpG island hypermethylation and DNA hypomethylation contribute to cancer progression. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nutraceutical-prophylactic and Therapeutic Role of Functional Food inHealth

This paper reviews the potential of functional foods in our daily life. A functional food with new ingredients gives an additional function to human health. Above their basic nutritional value functional foods deliver enhanced benefits. The functional food industry is growing rapidly in recent years. Epidemiological studies as well as in vivo, in vitro, and clinical data showed that plant-based functional foods are able to reduce the risk of different chronic disease, such as cancer. These biologically active plant chemicals are known as ‘phytochemicals’. Not only phytochemicals, also there are other animal products considered as functional foods for their potential role in human health. Foods containing probiotics, prebiotics, or plant sterols are also considered as functional foods. The aim of this review was to focus on the role of functional foods on human health. The research work to understand the relationship between different beneficial foods and human health system and to explore the role of the functional foods against various diseases will be an important aspect scientifically, clinically as well as socio-economically. Finally, functional foods will be successful depending on several factors including their effectiveness, safety, and quality.
A missense mutation in KRT14 causing a dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis/Naegeli–Franceschetti–Jadassohn phenotype

diseases. Regarding the treatments for hepatitis employed by internists, it was a surprising finding that 40% of institutions employed IFN alpha therapy for patients with psoriasis. We plan to further examine the detailed information for these patients. Twenty-eight per cent of dermatologists answered that they were not aware of the hepatitis therapies employed by the internists. As administration of IFN alpha has a risk of exacerbating psoriasis, dermatologists should know the way in which their patients are being treated by internists, and informed consent should be obtained from the patients before IFN alpha treatment.
Effects of localized cutaneous vascular alteration on reactive hyperemia.

BACKGROUND Cutaneous microcirculation shows a distinctive spatiotemporal inhomogeneity. Therefore provocation tests are necessary to receive significant and reproducible data. The present study investigated the effect of localized cutaneous vascular alteration, like in psoriasis vulgaris, on different parameters of reactive hyperemia (peak capillary blood cell velocity [pCBV], postocclusive reactive hyperemia [PRH%], and time to peak capillary blood cell velocity [tpCBV]). MATERIAL AND METHODS Psoriatic plaques and normal skin on the contralateral side of 20 patients with psoriasis vulgaris were examined by Laser Doppler Anemometry. Capillary blood cell velocity was measured before suprasystolic occlusion and during postocclusive hyperemia. RESULTS Compared to normal skin psoriatic plaques showed a significant increase of peak capillary blood cell velocity (pCBV, normal skin: 0.89+/-0.23 mm/s, psoriatic plaque: 2.03+/-0.94 mm/s), resting capillary blood cell velocity (rCBV, normal skin: 0.43+/-0.12 mm/s psoriatic plaque: 0.72+/-0.20 mm/s) and postocclusive reactive hyperemia (PRH%, normal skin: 107%, psoriatic plaque: 180%). The time to peak capillary blood cell velocity (tpCBV) during reactive hyperemia did not change significantly. CONCLUSION In reactive hyperemia, changing of pCBV and PRH% combined with unaltered tCBV indicate a dysfunction of cutaneous microcirculation. In contrast acute closure of upper and lower arterial extremity show a changed tCBV with stable pCBV and PRH%.
Method of Reconstruction Governs Iron Metabolism After Gastrectomy for Patients With Gastric Cancer

Objective: Anemia after gastrectomy is commonly neglected by clinicians despite being an important and frequent long-term metabolic sequela. We hypothesized that the incidence and timing of the occurrence of iron deficiency after gastrectomy is closely associated with the extent of gastrectomy and the reconstruction method, and we investigated the treatment outcomes of iron supplementation to understand iron metabolism and determine the optimal reconstruction method after gastrectomy. Patients and Methods: Using a prospective gastric cancer database, we identified 381 patients with early gastric cancer with complete hematologic parameters who underwent gastrectomy between January 2004 and May 2008. Kaplan-Meier methods, Cox regression, and logistic regression were used to evaluate the associations of the extent of gastrectomy and reconstruction method with iron metabolism. Results: The prevalence of iron deficiency 3 years after gastrectomy was 69.1%, and iron-deficiency anemia was observed in 31.0% of patients. Iron deficiency developed in 64.8% and 90.5% of patients after distal gastrectomy and total gastrectomy within 3 years after surgery (P < 0.0001), respectively. Iron deficiency was significantly more frequent in women than in men (P < 0.0001) and after gastrojejunostomy than after gastroduodenostomy (P < 0.0001). Serum ferritin levels were different according to the extent of gastrectomy and reconstruction method. The proportion of patients treated for iron-deficiency anemia was also significantly different according to the extent of gastrectomy (P = 0.020). Conclusions: Iron deficiency occurs in most patients with gastric cancer after gastrectomy, and its incidence was different according to the extent of gastrectomy and reconstruction method. To improve iron metabolism after distal gastrectomy, gastroduodenostomy would be the method of reconstruction whenever possible.
A Low-Energy Machine-Learning Classifier Based on Clocked Comparators for Direct Inference on Analog Sensors

This paper presents a system, where clocked comparators consuming only <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$CV^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> energy directly derive classification decisions from analog sensor signals, thereby replacing instrumentation amplifiers, ADCs, and digital MACs, as typically required. A machine-learning algorithm for training the classifier is presented, which enables circuit non-idealities as well as severe energy/area scaling in analog circuits to be overcome. Furthermore, a noise model of the system is presented and experimentally verified, providing a means to predict and optimize classification error probability in a given application. The noise model shows that superior noise efficiency is achieved by the comparator-based system compared with a system based on linear low-noise amplifiers. A prototype in 130-nm CMOS performs image recognition of handwritten numerical digits, by taking raw analog pixels as the inputs. Due to pin limitations on the chip, the images with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$28\times 28=784$ </tex-math></inline-formula> pixels are resized and downsampled to give 47 pixel features, yielding an accuracy of 90% for an ideal ten-way classification system (MATLAB simulated). The prototype comparator-based system achieves equivalent performance with a total energy of 543 pJ per ten-way classification at a rate up to 1.3 M images per second, representing <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$33\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> lower energy than an ADC/digital-MAC system.
On-the-fly Operation Batching in Dynamic Computation Graphs

Dynamic neural network toolkits such as PyTorch, DyNet, and Chainer offer more flexibility for implementing models that cope with data of varying dimensions and structure, relative to toolkits that operate on statically declared computations (e.g., TensorFlow, CNTK, and Theano). However, existing toolkits - both static and dynamic - require that the developer organize the computations into the batches necessary for exploiting high-performance algorithms and hardware. This batching task is generally difficult, but it becomes a major hurdle as architectures become complex. In this paper, we present an algorithm, and its implementation in the DyNet toolkit, for automatically batching operations. Developers simply write minibatch computations as aggregations of single instance computations, and the batching algorithm seamlessly executes them, on the fly, using computationally efficient batched operations. On a variety of tasks, we obtain throughput similar to that obtained with manual batches, as well as comparable speedups over single-instance learning on architectures that are impractical to batch manually.
Effect of perorally administered lactobacilli on macrophage activation in mice

The effect of perorally (p.o) administered Lactobacillus casei and L. bulgaricus on macrophage activation in mice was studied. L. casei and L. bulgaricus were administered p.o. to mice for 8 days. The macrophage activation was measured on days 2, 3, 5, and 8 of lactobacillus administration by using biochemical and functional criteria. We measured the release of lysosomal hydrolases, the level of a nonlysosomal enzyme, and in vitro phagocytic activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages. All the assays were performed comparatively with mice inoculated with L. casei and L. bulgaricus (viable and nonviable cells) intraperitoneally (i.p.) at the same dose as for p.o. administration. The phagocytic activity was significantly higher in mice treated i.p. than in control mice. For p.o. administration, there was an increase only when L. casei was used. L. bulgaricus had little effect. No differences were found between viable and nonviable cells. The phagocytic function of the reticuloendothelial system was tested by the carbon clearance test, which showed that L. casei and L. bulgaricus accelerate the phagocytic function in mice treated p.o and i.p., from day 2 onward. These observations show that L. casei and L. bulgaricus given by p.o. administration are able to activate macrophages in mice and suggest that these bacteria, when passing through the intestinal tract, may be responsible for the enhanced host immune response. This fact is very significant because the diet includes fermented and manufactured products containing lactobacilli.
Gene expression analysis of disabled and re-induced isoprene emission by the tropical tree Ficus septica before and after cold ambient temperature exposure.

Isoprene is the most abundant type of nonmethane, biogenic volatile organic compound in the atmosphere, and it is produced mainly by terrestrial plants. The tropical tree species Ficus septica Burm. F. (Rosales: Moraceae) has been shown to cease isoprene emissions when exposed to temperatures of 12 °C or lower and to re-induce isoprene synthesis upon subsequent exposure to temperatures of 30 °C or higher for 24 h. To elucidate the regulation of genes underlying the disabling and then induction of isoprene emission during acclimatization to ambient temperature, we conducted gene expression analyses of F. septica plants under changing temperature using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Transcription levels were analyzed for 17 genes that are involved in metabolic pathways potentially associated with isoprene biosynthesis, including isoprene synthase (ispS). The protein levels of ispS were also measured. Changes in transcription and protein levels of the ispS gene, but not in the other assessed genes, showed identical temporal patterns to isoprene emission capacity under the changing temperature regime. The ispS protein levels strongly and positively correlated with isoprene emission capacity (R(2) = 0.92). These results suggest that transcriptional regulation of ispS gave rise to the temporal variation in isoprene emission capacity in response to changing temperature.
Legal and policy instruments to facilitate development for renewable energy

Renewable energy plays a vital role in contributing to sustainable development goals. The essential approach to facilitate development of renewable energy sources for electricity (RES-E) is a sound legal, policy, and regulatory framework for encouraging the use of, and overwhelming the barriers to renewable energy. This paper draws on the issue of legal and policy instruments in a specific context in which they facilitate the development of RES-E. Options of legal and policy instruments in this paper provide insights and lessons on how policy instruments are selected, designed and applied. This paper applies analytical, theoretical, doctrinal legal study approaches to analyze an appropriate instrument to deliver solutions for RESE. The analysis sheds new light on the types of instruments selected should be based in objectives, country conditions and energy sector structure. It is argued that the effectiveness of a particular legal and policy instrument for RES-E rely on how well it is designed and enforces.
Moral distress of critical care nurses.

BACKGROUND Constraint of nurses by healthcare organizations, from actions the nurses believe are appropriate, may lead to moral distress. OBJECTIVE To present findings on moral distress of critical care nurses, using an investigator-developed instrument. METHODS An instrument development design using consensus by three expert judges, test-retest reliability, and factor analysis was used. Study participants (N = 111) were members of a chapter of the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses, critical care nurses employed in a large medical center, and critical care nurses from a private hospital. A 32-item instrument included items on prolonging life, performing unnecessary tests and treatments, lying to patients, and incompetent or inadequate treatment by physicians. RESULTS Three factors were identified using factor analysis after expert consensus on the items: aggressive care, honesty, and action response. Nurses in the private hospital reported significantly greater moral distress on the aggressive care factor than did nurses in the medical center. Nurses not working in intensive care experienced higher levels of moral distress on the aggressive care factor than did nurses working in intensive care. Of the 111 nurses, 12% had left a nursing position primarily because of moral distress. CONCLUSIONS Although the mean scores showed somewhat low levels of moral distress, the range of responses revealed that some nurses experienced high levels of moral distress with the issues. Research is needed on conditions organizations must provide to support the moral integrity of critical care nurses.
The Effects of Mammary Hypertrophy on the Skeletal System

Women with mammary hypertrophy usually have a number of complaints relating to the skeletal system. Nech strain, headache, aching shoulders, heavy anterior chest, and paresthesias of the little fingers disappear after reduction mammaplasty. Low back pain is either completely eliminated or dramatically improved. Posture may or may not be corrected. It is suggested that muscle reeducation be institued in patients who do not show spontaneous improvement. Deep brassiere strap jurrows may vanish after a long postoperative period, or they may be permanent. In any case, they become asymptomatic. The effects of hypertrophic breasts on the skeletal system are many and varied. A few such problems are illustrated. Many more exist.
Linear waves in relativistic anisotropic magnetohydrodynamics.

Linear waves are investigated in the framework of the relativistic anisotropic magnetohydrodynamics in a fully invariant formulation. Dispersion relations for the relativistic analog of slow, intermediate, and fast waves in a plasma with an anisotropic stress tensor. Relativistic Chew-Goldberger-Low dispersion relations are obtained also