Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Java power tools

All true craftsmen need the best tools to do their finest work, and programmers are no different. Java Power Tools delivers 30 open source tools designed to improve the development practices of Java developers in any size team or organization. Each chapter includes a series of short articles about one particular tool -- whether it's for build systems, version control, or other aspects of the development process -- giving you the equivalent of 30 short reference books in one package. No matter which development method your team chooses, whether it's Agile, RUP, XP, SCRUM, or one of many others available, Java Power Tools provides practical techniques and tools to help you optimize the process. The book discusses key Java development problem areas and best practices, and focuses on open source tools that can help increase productivity in each area of the development cycle, including: Build tools including Ant and Maven 2Version control tools such as CVS and Subversion, the two most prominent open source toolsQuality metrics tools that measure different aspects of code quality, including CheckStyle, PMD, FindBugs and JupiterTechnical documentation tools that can help you generate good technical documentation without spending too much effort writing and maintaining itUnit Testing tools including JUnit 4, TestNG, and the open source coverage tool CoberturaIntegration, Load and Performance Testing to integrate performance tests into unit tests, load-test your application, and automatically test web services, Swing interfaces and web interfacesIssue management tools including Bugzilla and TracContinuous Integration tools such as Continuum, Cruise Control, LuntBuild and Hudson If you are a Java developer, these tools can help improve your development practices, and make your life easier in the process. Lead developers, software architects and people interested in the wider picture will be able to gather from these pages some useful ideas about improving your project infrastructure and best practices.
Spatial Variation of Haemosporidian Parasite Infection in African Rainforest Bird Species

Abstract Spatial heterogeneity influences the distribution, prevalence, and diversity of haemosporidian parasites. Previous studies have found complex patterns of prevalence with respect to habitat characteristics and parasite genotype, and their interactions, but there is little information regarding how parasitemia intensity and the prevalence of co-infections may vary in space. Here, using both molecular methods and microscopy, we report an analysis of the variation of parasitemia intensity and co-infections of avian haemosporidian parasites (Plasmodium and Haemoproteus species) in 2 common African birds species, the yellow-whiskered greenbul (Andropadus latirostris) and the olive sunbird (Cyanomitra olivacea), at 3 sites with distinct habitat characteristics in Ghana. First, we found an interaction between the site and host species for the prevalence of Plasmodium spp. and Haemoproteus spp. For the olive sunbird, the prevalence of Plasmodium spp. , as well as the number of individuals with co-infections, varied significantly among the sites, but these measures remained constant for the yellow-whiskered greenbul. In addition, yellow-whiskered greenbuls infected with Haemoproteus spp. were found only at 1 site. Furthermore, for both bird species, the parasitemia intensity of Plasmodium spp. varied significantly among the 3 sites, but with opposing trends. These results suggest that spatial heterogeneity differently affects haemosporidian infection parameters in these vertebrate-hosts. Environmental conditions here can either favor or reduce parasite infection. We discuss the implications of these discrepancies for conservation and ecological studies of infectious diseases in natural populations.
Intestinal inflammation abrogates the tolerogenic properties of MLN CD103+ dendritic cells

Intestinal CD103+ DC promote the differentiation of Foxp3+ Treg from naïve CD4+ T cells through mechanisms involving TGF‐β and the dietary metabolite, retinoic acid (RA). In this study, we have analysed whether the specialised features of CD103+ DC are conserved in colitis. Our results show that inflammation dampens the tolerogenic properties of MLN CD103+ DC, which is associated with lower expression of tgfβ2 and aldh1a2. Accordingly, CD103+ DC taken from colitic mice are impaired in their ability to induce Foxp3+ Treg and instead favour the emergence of IFN‐γ‐producing CD4+ T cells compared with their steady‐state counterparts. BrdU‐labelling studies and analysis of ontogeny markers show that CD103+ DC from steady‐state and colitic settings retain similar subset composition and developmental pathways. These results indicate that MLN CD103+ DC are not hard‐wired to promote tolerance but can adapt to environmental conditions. The inflammatory properties of MLN CD103+ DC in colitic mice may reflect defective gut tolerogenic conditioning or altered migratory pathways and raise the possibility that migratory DC populations contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.
Client Causes of Variation in Construction Projects in United Arab Emirates

The current research paper was to set to investigate client causes of variation in the construction projects in United Arab Emirates. The past literatures were studied and a brief primary research was conducted. The study led to the finding of eleven independent variables that are more likely to impact the dependent variable, project variation. As the goal of the project was to identify the client causes of variation, therefore, all the eleven causes are deeply related to the client in some way or the other. The study led to the understanding that involvement of the client with the project, either more than required or lesser, leads to the project variation. The research paper reviewed previous studies that were associated with the topic to identify the causes. In addition, a primary research was conducted to understand the gravity of the causes. The study led to the understanding that the key variation causes that are faced by the stakeholders are size and the complexity of the project, lack of planning and communication, different opinions among clients and other stakeholders, unsatisfied client, and others.
Prenatal exposure to excess testosterone modifies the developmental trajectory of the insulin‐like growth factor system in female sheep

Experimental elevation of maternal testosterone (T) from 30 to 90 days of gestation leads to intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and increased prepubertal growth rate in female lambs. This study tested the hypothesis that prenatal T treatment during mid‐gestation alters the trajectory of the fetal insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)–insulin‐like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) system to promote IUGR and subsequent postnatal catch‐up growth in female lambs. Plasma IGF‐I and IGFBPs were measured by radioimmunoassay and Western ligand blot, respectively, on 65, 90 and 140 days (d) of gestation, at birth, ∼5 months (prepubertal, the catch‐up growth period), and ∼9.5 months (postpubertal). Northern blot analysis was used to measure hepatic mRNA content of IGF system components during fetal stages. At fetal 65 d, plasma protein and hepatic mRNA content of IGFBP‐1, an inhibitor of IGF bioactivity, was elevated in prenatal T‐treated fetuses although body weight did not differ. There was a transient increase in plasma IGF‐I and IGFBP‐3 concentrations at fetal 90 d in prenatal T‐treated fetuses. Hepatic IGF‐I mRNA and plasma IGFBP‐3 content were reduced by 140 d when body weight was reduced in prenatal T‐treated fetuses. Plasma IGFBP‐2 content was significantly reduced in prenatal T‐treated newborns, but by 4 months these females had significantly higher circulating IGF‐I and IGFBP‐3 concentrations and faster growth rates than control females. After puberty, plasma IGF‐I remained elevated in prenatal T‐treated females. These findings provide evidence that prenatal T excess programmes the developmental trajectory of the IGF/IGFBP system in female sheep to reduce IGF bioavailability during IUGR and increase IGF bioavailability during prepubertal catch‐up growth.
Functional health literacy among undergraduate pharmacy students: a cross-sectional study from Pakistan

Health literacy is considered to be a matrix of cognitive abilities comprised of four competency areas which include accessing, understanding, judging and applying information related to health. Each of these proficiencies is framed within three domains of health that characterize both individual and societal level interactions within the health system. These are healthcare, disease prevention and health promotion [1]. The quality of health services and healthcare providers may be affected by health literacy levels of individuals [2]. Most of the individuals have difficulty in navigating healthcare options and are unable to understand the information provided by health care professionals regardless of their education and social status [3]. The inability to comprehend health related information by the patient leads to ineffective self-management of their medical problems. Lack of knowledge and appropriate clinical skills among medical and nursing graduates required for addressing the needs of individuals with low health literacy leads to further aggravation of the health issue [4]. Healthcare providers should possess adequate levels of health literacy for establishing an effective patient-provider communication relationship, as healthcare professionals can help in improving literacy levels of patients. Limited research has been conducted regarding levels of health literacy among healthcare professionals. Major gaps have been identified in the current literature among health professionals regarding their knowledge and clinical recognition of low health literacy. Great attention is required towards improving health literacy levels of medical and pharmacy students as after graduation they are involved in direct patient care. Interventions have been designed to improve health literacy levels in many countries but mostly have focused on patients, residents, and non-medical students [5]. The current literacy rate in Pakistan is only 54.9% but little focus has been given to the issue of health literacy in the country. Globally one of Volume 5 Issue 5 2017
Perception of construction workers on work motivation towards safety practices at building construction site: a case study in Oluvil

The construction industry has been known as one of the menacing industries. Although there is an improvement of the safety performance and upturn in safety awareness in the industry, the accident rate is still one of the highest compared to other sectors. Besides causing human tragedy and economic losses, construction accidents also affect the productivity and character of the construction industry. But organizational characteristics and worker perceptions are among the main factors affecting the safety climate in construction sites. Work Motivation is one of the factors affecting worker perception. It is a process which triggers productivity of the works and construction site safety. The aim of this study is to assess perception of construction workers on work motivation towards safety practices at a building construction site in Oluvil and propose successful approaches to guarantee safe work sites for workers. The data was collected from the validated questionnaires which was adopted from a previous research of similar nature. The study concluded that work motivation at the site was of poor status though there were some positive aspects identified. The workers representing sub – contractors were found to be in a better condition than that of main contractors with respect to work motivation. The skilled work force was also in a better position as compared to unskilled work force.
The Insulin-like Growth Factor Axis in Cell Cycle Progression

Emerging evidence suggests that members of the Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs) family, including IGF-I, IGF-II, the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR), and the IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) play a central role in the development and progression of cancer. Cancer cells exhibit an increased and deregulated proliferative activity. Abnormalities in many positive and negative modulators of the cell cycle are also frequent in many cancer types. Recent advances in the understanding of cell-cycle control mechanisms have been applied to outline the molecular mechanism through which IGFs regulate cell cycle progression. In this review, we will provide a brief overview of the role of the IGF system as a regulator of some components of the cell cycle.
New Developments in Understanding Development Defects of Enamel: Optimizing Clinical Outcomes

Developmental defects of enamel appear to be presenting with increasing frequency and with this comes significant clinical challenges. Affected teeth, in particular first permanent molars, are susceptible to dental caries as they are not only more porous but also very sensitive making effective oral hygiene difficult. Affected children require more dental treatment than their unaffected peers while also suffering greater pain and anxiety. Current clinical approaches focus on the placement of contemporary adhesive restorative materials onto the compromised tooth which in turn, fail, leading to premature loss of permanent molars with associated repercussions. Incomplete understanding of the structure, composition and behaviour of affected enamel means that clinical protocols are, as yet, empiric rather than evidence based. This review summarises contemporary evidence regarding this condition and identifies potential areas for future research which would assist in improving clinical outcomes.
Brain tumor-polyposis syndrome: two genetic diseases?

PURPOSE AND DESIGN This report presents a comprehensive and statistical analysis of the brain tumor-polyposis (BTP) cases referred to as Turcot's syndrome in the literature. RESULTS BTP patients encompass a heterogeneous group that can be classified into two statistically distinct clinical entities based on phenotype of the polyps (P = .0001), presence of colorectal cancer (P = .0001), type of brain neoplasm, ie, glioma or medulloblastoma (P = .0001), presence of skin lesions (P = .0004) and cafe-au-lait spots (P = .0008), as well as consanguinity (P = .0135). CONCLUSION The first entity (BTP syndrome type 1) consists of patients who have glioma and colorectal adenomas without polyposis (non-FAP cases), and their siblings with glioma and/or colorectal adenomas. For these patients, we show that the patient's age at malignant glioma occurrence is less than 20 years (50 to 80 years in the general population), which strongly supports the existence of an underlying genetic cause. The neoplasms of these patients show DNA replication errors, which suggests a relationship with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), a disease characterized by germline alterations in DNA mismatch repair genes. The second entity (BTP syndrome type 2) consists of patients with a CNS tumor that occurs in a familial adenomatous polyposis kindred (FAP cases). These patients carry germline mutations in the APC gene, which suggests that mutations in this gene might predispose to brain tumors. Risk analysis shows increased incidence of medulloblastoma in FAP patients, but APC mutations are not found in sporadic glioma or medulloblastoma. Therefore, further investigations should establish whether the occurrence of medulloblastoma in an FAP family represents a variant of FAP.
Impact of Glucose Concentration and NaCl Osmotic Stress on Yeast Cell Wall β-d-Glucan Formation during Anaerobic Fermentation Process

Yeast β-glucan polysaccharide is a proven immunostimulant molecule for human and animal health. In recent years, interest in β-glucan industrial production has been increasing. The yeast cell wall is modified during the fermentation process for biomass production. The impact of environmental conditions on cell wall remodelling has not been extensively investigated. The aim of this research work was to study the impact of glucose and NaCl stress on β-glucan formation in the yeast cell wall during alcoholic fermentation and the assessment of the optimum fermentation phase at which the highest β-glucan yield is obtained. VIN 13 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) strain was pre-cultured for 24 h with 0% and 6% NaCl and inoculated in a medium consisting of 200, 300, or 400 g/L glucose. During fermentation, 50 mL of fermented medium were taken periodically for the determination of Optical Density (OD), cell count, cell viability, cell dry weight, β-glucan concentration and β-glucan yield. Next, dry yeast cell biomass was treated with lytic enzyme and sonication. At the early stationary phase, the highest β-glucan concentration and yield was observed for non-NaCl pre-cultured cells grown in a medium containing 200 g/L glucose; these cells, when treated with enzyme and sonication, appeared to be the most resistant. Stationary is the optimum phase for cell harvesting for β-glucan isolation. NaCl and glucose stress impact negatively on β-glucan formation during alcoholic fermentation. The results of this work could comprise a model study for yeast β-glucan production on an industrial scale and offer new perspectives on yeast physiology for the development of antifungal drugs.
Creative Destruction and the Rational Evolution of Bubbles

Creative destruction not only involves bringing new technology to market, it imposes higher risk on the future of existing assets. We contrast the asset pricing implications of creative destruction in a setting in which non-cooperative agents compete for market share with a socially optimal benchmark (i.e., a one agent case). Compared to the one-agent case, non-cooperative behavior leads to over-investment in uncertain projects, higher asset prices and risk premia, and price reversals, all of which resemble a bubble. However, these pricing patterns solely arise from competitive behavior and do not require information asymmetry, behavioral biases, or financial frictions to arise. As such, the explanation that bubbles occur when the price of an asset exceeds the asset’s fundamental value is sufficient, but not necessary, to rationalize the pricing patterns that we observe during technology booms. ∗We are grateful to Tony Bernardo, Murray Carlson, Lorenzo Garlappi, Mark Huson, Francis Longstaff, Jeff Pontiff, and Avindhar Subramanyam for their comments and input. †Anderson School of Management, University of California, Los Angeles, 110 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, daniel.andrei@anderson.ucla. edu. ‡Anderson School of Management, University of California, Los Angeles, 110 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, bruce.carlin@anderson.ucla. edu. “There is much more to a bubble than a mere security price increase. There is innovation, displacement of existing firms, creation of new ones, and more generally a paradigm shift as entrepreneurs and investors rush toward a new Eldorado. ” –Greenwood, Shleifer, and You (2016)
Gold Elliptic Nanocavity Array Biosensor With High Refractive Index Sensitivity Based on Two-Photon Nanolithography

Metallic nanostructure arrays have been highlighted by their tremendously promising applications, such as biosensors, light harvesting, and fluorescence enhancement. To reach the aim of obtaining an inexpensive gold elliptic nanocavity array (GENA) biosensor, which has high refractive index sensitivity, the two-photon nanolithography, with the advantages of high resolution, low cost, time-saving, etc., is used to fabricate GENAs. The characteristics of these GENA biosensors are experimentally and theoretically investigated. A finite-difference time-domain method is applied to analyze the GENAs' localized surface plasmon resonance modes in the transmission spectra of GENAs and steady-state field intensity distributions. The refractive index sensitivities of the GENAs are characterized by the transmission spectra of GENAs in water and varied concentrations of NaCl solution. The results illustrate that the GENA biosensor under coupled mode sensing has high refractive index sensitivity, which reaches 562 nm/RIU.
Sub-Poissonian photon statistics in resonance fluorescence.

Expressions are derived for the probability p(n) that n photons are emitted in a given time in the steady state by a two-level atom, when it is placed in a resonant, coherent, exciting field. The distribution p(n) is shown to be narrower than Poissonian. The ratio [<(Deltan)(2)> - ] is negative and has an absolute maximum value of 3/4. The possibility of observing the sub-Poissonian statistics is discussed briefly.
Strategic sustainability: Addressing the community infrastructure deficit

Résumé Les communautés canadiennes ont réussi à intégrer les concepts de développement durable dans leurs visions et leurs plans, mais éprouvent de la diffi culté à passer de ces idées à des stratégies, actions et résultats pratiques. Dans les prochaines années, ces municipalités vont investir d’importantes sommes dans leurs infrastructures, mais comment peuvent-ils faire pour investir stratégiquement et faire avancer le développement durable? Comment faire pour évaluer leurs priorités, identifi er leurs ressources et mettre en œuvre des projets d’infrastructures qui serviront de catalyseurs pour un plus grand mouvement vers le développement durable dans leurs communautés? Cet article explore ces questions par le biais d’une étude de cas de développement durable dans des zones urbaines, rurales et des Premières Nations; des initiatives primées, qui avaient pour but d’identifi er les stratégies-clés, liant la planifi cation et l’exécution. Nos résultats indiquent que le développement d’infrastructures durable n’est pas un problème technique mais un défi de sensibilisation aux solutions viables, et un défi de la capacité des décideurs d’agir de manière stratégique et de façon plus durable.
Interactions Between Stressful Environment and Gene Deletions Alleviate the Expected Average Loss of Fitness in Yeast

The conjecture that the deleterious effects of mutations are amplified by stress or interaction with one another remains unsatisfactorily tested. It is now possible to reapproach this problem systematically by using genomic collections of mutants and applying stress-inducing conditions with a well-recognized impact on metabolism. We measured the maximum growth rate of single- and double-gene deletion strains of yeast in several stress-inducing treatments, including poor nutrients, elevated temperature, high salinity, and the addition of caffeine. The negative impact of deletions on the maximum growth rate was relatively smaller in stressful than in favorable conditions. In both benign and harsh environments, double-deletion strains grew on average slightly faster than expected from a multiplicative model of interaction between single growth effects, indicating positive epistasis for the rate of growth. This translates to even higher positive epistasis for fitness defined as the number of progeny. We conclude that the negative impact of metabolic disturbances, regardless of whether they are of environmental or genetic origin, is absolutely and relatively highest when growth is fastest. The effect of further damages tends to be weaker. This results in an average alleviating effect of interactions between stressful environment and gene deletions and among gene deletions.