Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Self-consistent non-Markovian theory of a quantum-state evolution for quantum-information processing

We study non-Markovian decoherence phenomena by employing projection-operator formalism when a quantum system (a quantum bit or a register of quantum bits) is coupled to a reservoir. By projecting out the degree of freedom of the reservoir, we derive a non-Markovian master equation for the system, which is reduced to a Lindblad master equation in Markovian limit, and obtain the operator sum representation for the time evolution. It is found that the system is decohered slower in the non-Markovian reservoir than the Markovian because the quantum information of the system is memorized in the non-Markovian reservoir. We discuss the potential importance of non-Markovian reservoirs for quantum-information processing.
Behavior of RestingAedes aegypti(Culicidae: Diptera) and Its Relation to Ultra-low Volume Adulticide Efficacy in Panama City, Panama

Abstract The resting behavior ofAedes aegypti(L.) adults was investigated in 14 districts of Panama City, Panama, in relation to ground ultra-low volume (ULV) applications of malathion. Adults primarily rested inside the premises (75.1%) at a distance >6 m from the street (86.4%). Both sexes rested mainly in bedrooms, living rooms, and bathrooms. The small ULV aerosol droplets (2–4 μm) penetrated all indoor resting sites ofAe. aegypti,but in low amounts. Because of the low amount of insecticide reaching the primary resting sites within the premises, limited control of theAe. aegyptiwas obtained. This limited the potential effectiveness of ground vehicle ULV applied insecticide as a dengue epidemic control method.
Maximal myocardial blood flow is enhanced by chronic hypoxemia in late gestation fetal sheep.

The measurement of maximal myocardial blood flow gives information about the total cross-sectional area of the coronary resistance vessels. During a continuous left atrial infusion of adenosine (60 micrograms.kg-1.min-1), maximal myocardial blood flow was measured in 4 fetuses hypoxemic for a minimum of 5-8 days (pH = 7.33 +/- 0.01, arterial PCO2 = 49.8 +/- 4.2 Torr, arterial PO2 = 16.1 +/- 1.3 Torr, and arterial concentration of O2 = 5.3 +/- 1.2 ml/dl). These data were compared with an identically instrumented group of normoxemic fetuses (n = 7) following the same study protocol (pH = 7.38 +/- 0.02, arterial PCO2 = 43.1 +/- 3.8 Torr, arterial PO2 = 19.8 +/- 2.0 Torr, and arterial concentration of O2 = 7.9 +/- 1.0 ml/dl) (P < 0.05). At comparable arterial pressures, the maximal myocardial flow (ml.min-1.100 g tissue-1) for hypoxemic vs. normoxemic fetuses was 974 +/- 273 and 630 +/- 181 for the total myocardium, 986 +/- 367 and 602 +/- 192 for the left ventricular free wall, 1,025 +/- 346 and 614 +/- 178 for the septum, and 1,231 +/- 274 and 757 +/- 269 for the right ventricular free wall, respectively (P < 0.01). These data suggest that hypoxemia in the fetus can significantly alter the coronary vascular bed, which, if confirmed, would represent an important adaptation in the developing fetus.
Multi-product pricing model based on mixed buying mode

We consider a class of models of consumer purchasing behavior, each of which relates observed data on a consumer's requirements and budget constraint to subsequent purchasing tendencies. The available data on consumer preferences together with sophisticated analytical tools enables companies' increases in profit through optimization of prices. We can study for the multi-product pricing problem based on this available data. Based on the description, three multi-product pricing modes include min-buying mode, max-buying mode, and mixed-buying mode, were presented. Proposed models were solved through genetic algorithms. Optimal solution of the given examples shows that this model is effective for enterprises.
Increased microvascular permeability contributes to preferential accumulation of Stealth liposomes in tumor tissue.

Stealth liposomes have recently emerged as a promising antitumor drug delivery system, yet no studies have been reported to examine their dynamic behavior at the microcirculatory level. In this investigation, we have used in vivo fluorescence videomicroscopy to study the decay in plasma concentration and the interstitial accumulation of Stealth and conventional liposomes in tumor and granulating tissue microcirculatory preparations. Fluorescently labeled Stealth or conventional liposomes were injected i.v. into rats bearing dorsal skinflap window chambers, some of which contained a vascularized mammary adenocarcinoma. After injection, fluorescent light intensities arising from liposomes within blood vessels and the interstitium were measured over time. These measurements were used to derive plasma pharmacokinetics and vascular permeability coefficients for each liposome species in both tumor and granulating normal tissues. Within the first 90 min after injection, Stealth liposome accumulation in the tumor interstitium was 3-4-fold that for conventional liposomes. The percentage of administered liposomes remaining in the circulation at the end of 90 min was 60.2% for Stealth and 20.4% for conventional liposomes. Tumor vascular permeability was 3.42 +/- 0.78 x 10(-7)cm/s for Stealth and 1.75 x 0.38 x 10(-7)cm/s for conventional liposomes. In normal granulating tissues permeability for the 2 constructs was equivalent at 0.8-0.9 x 10(-7)cm/s. In conclusion, preferential accumulation of Stealth liposomes in tumors was attributable to a combination of slower plasma clearance and higher vascular permeability relative to conventional liposomes. Our method of combining in vivo microscopy with a tumor microcirculatory model provides a unique approach to study quantitatively the delivery of liposomes to tumor tissues, since it can be used to study the process in real time at the microcirculatory level.
Metabolic Flexibility and Insulin Resistance Short title: Metabolic flexibility and insulin resistance

Metabolic flexibility is the capacity for the organism to adapt fuel oxidation to fuel availability. The inability to modify fuel oxidation in response to changes in nutrient availability has been implicated in the accumulation of intramyocellular lipid and insulin resistance. The metabolic flexibility assessed by the ability to switch from fat to carbohydrate oxidation is usually impaired during a hyperinsulinemic clamp in insulin-resistant subjects; however, this “metabolic inflexibility” is mostly the consequence of impaired cellular glucose uptake. Indeed, after controlling for insulin-stimulated glucose disposal rate (amount of glucose available for oxidation), metabolic flexibility is not altered in obesity regardless of the presence of type 2 diabetes. To understand how intramyocellular lipids accumulate and cause insulin resistance, the assessment of metabolic flexibility to high-fat diets is more relevant than metabolic flexibility during a hyperinsulinemic clamp. An impaired capacity to up-regulate muscle lipid oxidation in face of high lipid supply may lead to increased muscle fat accumulation and insulin resistance. Surprisingly, only very few studies have investigated the response to high-fat diets. This review, we discuss the role of glucose disposal rate, adipose tissue lipid storage and mitochondrial function on metabolic flexibility. Additionally, we emphasize the bias of using the change in respiratory quotient to calculate metabolic flexibility and propose novel approaches to assess metabolic flexibility. Based on current evidence, one cannot conclude that impaired metabolic flexibility is responsible for the accumulation of intramyocellular lipid and insulin resistance. We propose to study metabolic flexibility in response to high-fat diets in individuals having contrasting degree of insulin sensitivity and/or mitochondrial characteristics.
Sex and cannabinoid CB1 genotype differentiate palatable food and cocaine self-administration behaviors in mice

Both cannabinoid CB1 receptor knockout and antagonism produce well-established attenuation of palatable food and drug self-administration behavior. Although cannabinoid drugs have received attention as pharmacotherapeutics for various disorders, including obesity and addiction, it is unclear whether these agents produce equivalent behavioral effects in females and males. In this study, acquisition of 32% corn oil or 10% Ensure self-administration, and maintenance of corn oil, Ensure, or 0.56 mg/kg/infusion cocaine self-administration under both fixed ratio (FR)-1 and progressive ratio (PR) schedule of reinforcement, was compared in male and female wild type (WT) and CB1 knockout (KO) mice. Furthermore, the effect of pretreatment with the CB1 antagonist SR141716 (0.3–3.0) on Ensure self-administration in male and female WT and CB1 KO mice was assessed. CB1 genotype and sex significantly interacted to produce an attenuation of acquisition and maintenance of Ensure self-administration and PR self-administration for both Ensure and cocaine in male CB1 KO mice. In contrast, male CB1 KO mice showed no deficit in acquisition and maintenance of FR-1 responding or in PR responding maintained by corn oil. Sex differences also arose within genotypes for responding maintained under all three reinforcers. Lastly, pretreatment with SR141716 attenuated Ensure self-administration in WT and CB1 KO mice but was approximately five-fold more potent in WT mice than in CB1 KOs. The present data add to a small but growing literature suggesting that the cannabinoid system may be differentially sensitive in its modulation of appetitive behavior in males versus females.
Diagnosis with Limited Failure Information

This paper discusses the challenges associated with diagnosing chain integrity and system logic failures in the production test environment with limited failure information. The following three methods were proposed to enhance diagnosis resolution in this scenario: (1) static pattern re-ordering (2) dynamic pattern re-ordering (3) per-pin based diagnosis. Experimental results illustrate that per-pin based failure logging and diagnosis algorithms enable scan chain diagnosis in volume production environment. Successful application of per-pin based chain diagnosis is demonstrated with an industrial case
Positive feedback technique and split-length transistors for DC-gain enhancement of two-stage op-amps

This study presents the design and simulation of a fully differential two-stage op-amp in a 0.18 μm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor process with a 1.8 V supply voltage. In this op-amp, positive feedback technique and split-length transistors (SLTs) are employed to increase the DC-gain of the op-amp by about 22 dB without affecting the unity-gain bandwidth (UGBW), stability, power dissipation and output voltage swing of the conventional two-stage op-amp. A comprehensive analysis is provided for differential-mode gain, common-mode gain, power supply rejection ratio, input-referred noise, input offset, frequency response and the effect of using SLTs on DC-gain sensitivity. The proposed op-amp is utilised in a flip-around sample-and-hold amplifier (SHA). The output spectrum of the SHA shows the total harmonic distortion of 0.0023%. The post-layout and Monte Carlo simulation results show that the proposed op-amp has better performance than the state-of-the-art designs.
Understanding the genetics of autoimmune disease: two loci that regulate late onset Addison's disease in Portuguese Water Dogs

Addison's disease, an immune‐mediated disorder caused by destruction of the adrenal glands, is a rare disorder of Western European populations. Studies indicate that the disorder is polygenic in nature, involving specific alleles of the CTLA‐4, DRB1*04 and DQ, Cyp27B1, VDR and MIC‐A and ‐B loci. A similar immune form of Addison's disease occurs in several breeds of domestic dog, with frequencies ranging from 1.5 to 9.0%. The high frequency of the disease in domestic dog breeds likely reflects the small number of founders associated with many breeds, subsequent inbreeding, and the frequent use of popular sires.
A Novel Method for Solving KdV Equation Based on Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space Method

We propose a reproducing kernel method for solving the KdV equation with initial condition based on the reproducing kernel theory. The exact solution is represented in the form of series in the reproducing kernel Hilbert space. Some numerical examples have also been studied to demonstrate the accuracy of the present method. Results of numerical examples show that the presented method is effective.
Who Divorces and Why

This review of recent literature on the whos and whys of divorce examines data on the frequency of divorce and research on the predivorce period. The still lingering emphasis on a pathological perspective to explain marital dissolution is posited as a reason for the focus of much of the divorce literature on demography rather than process or outcome. Societal and legal explanations for the increase in the divorce rate are explored. Demographic correlates, mental and physical health issues, and the reasons the divorced themselves give for the decision to end their marriages are reviewed. The article concludes with an examination of techniques and topic areas that would help move future research away from static descriptions and toward an integrated explanation of the divorce process.
Humanized Computational Intelligence with Interactive Evolutionary Computation

-First, we show that human factors will become much more important for engineering in the future with concrete examples and propose the concept of humanized computational intelligence as one of the future research direction of computational intelligence research. Then, we Introduce Inter-active evolutionary computation as a tool to realize the humanized computational intelligence. We also discuss several IEC researches in major fields
A comparison and security analysis of the cloud computing software platforms

The first part of this paper describes most promising open-source cloud computing software platforms — Eucalyptus, OpenNebula and OpenQRM. With these platforms, it is possible to manage Infrastructure-as-a-Service operations. Non-commercial projects are analyzed, because they represent inexpensive but significant alternative to private and commercial software. The second part of the paper presents a suggestion of a new better security solution for cloud platform.
Double‐Blind, Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled Pilot Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Myobloc (Botulinum Toxin Type B) for the Treatment of Palmar Hyperhidrosis

Background Palmar hyperhidrosis is a problem of unknown etiology that affects patients both socially and professionally. Botulinum toxin type B (Myobloc), approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in the treatment of cervical dystonia in the United States in December 2000, has subsequently been used effectively in an off-label indication to treat hyperhidrosis. There are sparse data, however, in the literature evaluating the safety and efficacy of BTX-B for the treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis. Objective We evaluated the safety and efficacy of Myobloc in the treatment of bilateral palmar hyperhidrosis. This was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study to report on the safety and efficacy of Myobloc. Methods Twenty participants (10 men, 10 women) diagnosed with palmar hyperhidrosis were injected with either Myobloc (5,000 U per palm) or a 1.0 mL vehicle (100 mM NaCl, 10 mM succinate, and 0.5 mg/mL human albumin) into bilateral palms (15 Myobloc, 5 placebo). The participants were followed until sweating returned to baseline levels. The main outcome measures were safety, efficacy versus placebo, and duration of effect. Results A significant difference was found in treatment response at day 30, as determined by participant assessments, between 15 participants injected with Myobloc and 3 participants injected with placebo. The duration of action, calculated in the 17 participants who received Myobloc injections and completed the study, ranged from 2.3 to 4.9 months, with a mean duration of 3.8 months. The single most reported adverse event was dry mouth or throat, which was reported by 18 of 20 participants. The adverse event profile also included indigestion or heartburn (60%), excessively dry hands (60%), muscle weakness (60%), and decreased grip strength (50%). Conclusion Myobloc proved to be efficacious for the treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis. Myobloc had a rapid onset, with most participants responding within 1 week. The duration of action ranged from 2.3 to 4.9 months, with a mean of 3.8 months. The adverse event profile included dry mouth, indigestion or heartburn, excessively dry hands, muscle weakness, and decreased grip strength.
[Acute poisonings in children in the years 2010-2012--single-centre study in Poznań].

UNLABELLED Poisoning is a clinical syndrome caused by the poison, which entered into the body. Poison is every substance that taken in the specified amounts may cause adverse effects. OBJECTIVE Statistical analysis of acute poisoning in children in the years 2010-2012. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study group consisted of 308 children who went to the Admissions Room of the Specialized Health Care Mother and Child in Poznań because acute poisoning suspicion or diagnosis, in the period from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2012. RESULTS In the group of 308 children, girls accounted for 57.14% and 42.86% boys. Children age ranged from 5 day old to 215 months of age (average 122 +/- 74). Toxic substances, which children have been exposed were drugs in 144 patients, ethyl alcohol in 75 children, carbon monoxide - 55 injured and chemicals in 34. The most commonly acute poisoning occurred in October (11.69%), December (11.04%) and September (10.71%). Of the 308 admitted children, 278 (90.26%) were hospitalized, including 11 patients (3.57%) in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). In study population poisonings with drugs were dominated and related to 63.89% of girls and 36.11% of boys, aged from 2 to 213 months of age (average 120 +/- 75). In 50.69% of children intentional poisoning was diagnosed, in 18 patients (12.5%) mixture of different drugs was ingested, in five of them together ethyl alcohol. At 4.86% of the children reported a suicide attempt. This group accounted for girls with an average age of 178 +/- 8 months. Ethyl alcohol poisoning related to 56% of girls and 44% of boys between the ages of 152 to 215 months, giving an average age of 184 +/- 17 months. At 5.33% of the patients reported alcohol consumption along with medication, and 2.66% in addition took psychoactive substances. Because carbon monoxide poisoning aid granted to 50.91% girls and 49.09% boys between the ages of five day old to 209 months of age (mean 96 +/- 64). Poisoning with household chemicals related to 58.82% of boys and 41.18% of girls (mean age 32 +/- 36 months). Detergents were the most frequent ingested chemicals in 50% of children with an average age of 3 years. CONCLUSIONS Acute poisoning with the exception of household products ingestion were more common in girls than in boys. The most common cause of poisoning in children were drugs overdose and ethanol ingestion. Cases of suicidal poisoning target group included only female sex. Accidental poisoning were observed mainly in young children and usually caused by chemicals.
Coeliac disease: review of diagnosis and management

Coeliac disease is an immune-mediated systemic disease triggered by exposure to gluten, and manifested by small intestinal enteropathy and gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms. Recent guidelines recommend a concerted use of clear definitions of the disease. In Australia, the most recent estimated prevalence is 1.2% in adult men (1:86) and 1.9% in adult women (1:52). Active case finding is appropriate to diagnose coeliac disease in high risk groups. Diagnosis of coeliac disease is important to prevent nutritional deficiency and long term risk of gastrointestinal malignancy. The diagnosis of coeliac disease depends on clinico-pathological correlation: history, presence of antitransglutaminase antibodies, and characteristic histological features on duodenal biopsy (when the patient is on a gluten-containing diet). Human leucocyte antigen class II haplotypes DQ2 or DQ8 are found in nearly all patients with coeliac disease, but are highly prevalent in the general population at large (56% in Australia) and testing can only exclude coeliac disease for individuals with non-permissive haplotypes. Adhering to a gluten free diet allows duodenal mucosal healing and alleviates symptoms. Patients should be followed up with a yearly review of dietary adherence and a health check. Non-coeliac gluten or wheat protein sensitivity is a syndrome characterised by both gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms related to the ingestion of gluten and possibly other wheat proteins in people who do not have coeliac disease or wheat allergy recognised by diagnostic tests.
Feature Selection for Cancer Classification Using Microarray Gene Expression Data

The DNA microarray technology enables us to measure the expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously, providing great chance for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. The number of genes often exceeds tens of thousands, whereas the number of subjects available is often no more than a hundred. Therefore, it is necessary and important to perform gene selection for classification purpose. A good subset of discriminative genes can improve prediction accuracy of classifiers and save computational cost with reduced dimension of data. In this paper, we use data on microarray gene expression level to determine marker genes that are relevant to a type of cancer. We investigate a distance-based feature selection method for two-group classification problem. In order to select marker genes, the Bhattacharyya distance is implemented to measure the dissimilarity in gene expression levels between groups. We use the support vector machine to make classification with use of the selected marker genes. The performance of marker gene selection and classification are illustrated in both simulation studies and two real data analysis.
A Flexible 500 MHz to 3.6 GHz Wireless Receiver with Configurable DT FIR and IIR Filter Embedded in a 7b 21 MS/s SAR ADC

A flexible, software-configurable wireless receiver is implemented in 65 nm CMOS. The receive chain consists of wideband LNA and mixer, baseband amplifiers, and a 7-bit 21 MS/s filtering SAR ADC. This filtering ADC embeds a highly-integrated and configurable DT FIR/IIR filter to replace dedicated filtering stages. The tap length and coefficients of the embedded FIR filter are configurable from 16 to 64 taps and 0 to 6 units, respectively. Interleaving of the SAR and DT filter sampling processes in the ADC maximizes the conversion rate and facilitates IIR filtering. The prototype receiver supports several standards and bands. In packet tests, the prototype exceeds the sensitivity and jammer resistance requirements of both the 915 MHz and 2450 MHz bands of IEEE 802.15. 4 while consuming 4.0 mW and 5.5 mW, respectively. The receiver is also demonstrated with the DSSS specification of IEEE 802.11.
The impact of the increasing number of multiple births on the rates of preterm birth and low birthweight: an international study.

OBJECTIVES We studied the effects of twins and triplets on perinatal health indicators in the overall population in the 1980s and 1990s in Canada, England and Wales, France, and the United States. METHODS Data were derived mostly from live birth registration. We used rates, relative risks, and population attributable risks for twins and triplets separately. RESULTS In each country, the increase in multiple births, and the increase in preterm delivery among multiple births, contributed almost equally to the rise in or stabilization of the overall rates of preterm delivery. Twins contributed a much larger proportion of the preterm deliveries and low-birthweight newborns than did triplets. CONCLUSIONS Twins have a major population-based impact on the trends of perinatal health indicators.