Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A new automatic S-onset detection technique: Application in local earthquake data

Algorithms that deal with the automatic S-onset time identification problem are a topic of ongoing research. Modern dense seismic networks used for earthquake location, seismic tomography investigations, source studies, early warning, etc., demand accurate automatic S-wave picking. Most of the techniques that have been proposed up to now are mainly based on the polarization features of the seismic waves. We propose a new time domain method for the automatic determination of the S-phase arrival onsets, and present its implementation on local earthquake data. Eigenvalue analysis takes place over small time intervals, and the maximum eigenvalue which is obtained on each step is retained for further processing. In this way, a time series of maximum eigenvalues is formed, which serves as a characteristic function. We obtain a first S-phase arrival time estimation by applying the kurtosis criterion on the derived characteristic function. Furthermore, a multiwindow approach combined with an energy-based weighting scheme is also applied, to reduce the algorithm’s dependence on the moving window’s length and provide a weighted S-phase onset. Automatic picks were compared against manual reference picks, resulting in mean residual time of 0.051 s. Moreover, the proposed technique was subjected to a noise robustness test and sustained a good performance. The mean residual time remained lower than 0.1 s, for noise levels between −1 up to 8 dB. The proposed method is easy to implement, because it is almost parameter free and demands low computational resources.
Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Nonpolar a-Plane GaN Grown by Pendeo-Epitaxy on (112_0) 4H-SiC

Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Nonpolar a-Plane GaN Grown by Pendeo-Epitaxy on (1120) 4H-SiC. D.N. Zakharov 1 , Z. Liliental-Weber 1 , B. Wagner 2 , Z.J. Reitmeier 2 , E.A. Preble 2 , and R.F. Davis 2 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, MS 62-203, Berkeley, CA 94720 North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 ABSTRACT Pendeo-epitaxy has been applied to nonpolar a-plane GaN layers in order to observe if such process will lead to defect reduction in comparison with direct growth on this plane. Uncoalesced and coalesced a-plane GaN layers with thicknesses 2μm and 12μm, respectively have been studied by conventional and high resolution electron microscopy. The following structural defects have been observed in pendeo-epitaxial layers: (1) basal stacking faults, (2) threading dislocations and (3) prismatic stacking faults. Drastic decrease of threading dislocation density and stacking faults have been observed in ‘wing’ areas with respect to ‘seed’ areas. Cross-section images reveal cracks and voids at the areas where two coalesced wings meet each other. High resolution electron microscopy shows that the majority of stacking faults are low-energy planar defects of the types I 1 , I 2 and I 3 . The I 3 type basal stacking fault, predicted theoretically, has been observed experimentally for the first time. INTRODUCTION Recent studies have shown that spontaneous polarization and piezoelectric effect can be eliminated in GaN grown along non-polar directions, such as [1120] and [1100] [1,2]. These two effects were observed in GaN layers grown along [0001] direction and led to high interface charge densities and spatial separations of electron and holes wave functions in GaN-based quantum well structures [3]. Transmission electron microscopy investigations performed on (1100) (m-plane) and (1120) (a-plane) GaN layers grown by heteroepitaxial methods on different substrates revealed, however, high density of basal stacking faults (BSFs) and associated with them threading dislocations [4-6]. Since Pendeo- epitaxy (PE) was proven to be effective method for defects reduction in GaN [7], we applied this method for a-plane GaN grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy on (1120) 4H-SiC substrates with AlN buffer layers. Uncoalesced and coalesced samples have been produced. These samples have been studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in cross-section and plan-view configuration in order to investigate structural defects present in the layers and detect possible defects reduction. EXPERIMENTAL The epitaxial AlN buffer layers, the subsequently deposited epitaxial GaN seed films and the pendeo-epitaxial (PE) GaN layers were grown in-situ in a cold-wall, vertical,
Towards Customizing Credibility in Different Contexts: Languages, Topics and Locations - A Twitter Case Study

Even though online social networks (ONS) have been increasingly used as a source of news and information, the credibility of that easily-available information may be questionable. In this paper, we review selected literature related to information credibility focusing more on micro-blogging credibility as a part of ongoing research. From this review it can be concluded that credibility is situational and contextual; it varies from one context to another. We propose to examine messages related to confirmed news topics and false rumors topics and then study the effect of three dimensions: language, topic content, and location on the detection features utilized by the existing work. Firstly, we will check if the frequency distribution of selected features remains similar or changes according these dimensions. We then examine different available classifying techniques and study the effect of each context on the credibility classifying results. Another goal is to report on user studies that explore how people from different environments perceive and judge information credibility on Twitter. We believe the analysis of our results will improve existing credibility measurement by helping us in selecting the most suitable features for information credibility classification in each context.
Questions de recherche autour de l'adaptation au changement climatique

La principale idee defendue dans ce texte est que la perspective de l’adaptation au changement climatique peut constituer une voie pertinente pour mettre en œuvre le developpement durable, a condition cependant d’ameliorer les connaissances scientifiques et empiriques sur ce qu’est l’adaptation et sur les formes qu’elle peut prendre sur le terrain comme dans les processus de decision a differentes echelles (du local a l’international). Nous proposons ici a la fois un cadrage conceptuel et quelques questionnements scientifiques qui nous semblent poser des bases interessantes pour l’analyse des capacites d’adaptation et des strategies a promouvoir.
Free fat, surface fat and dairy powders : interactions between process and product. A review

Nowadays, fat-filled spray-dried dairy powders have acquired an economic importance. Increasing the fat content leads to further quality implications such as off-flavors, and poor rehy- dration and flowing properties. However, the control of the drying operation and of the powder properties is still rather empirical in this case and few studies have focused on the whole issue up to now. This review aims at giving an overview of research work on fat-filled powders. The so-called "free fat" is often related to fat-filled powders, but the review also highlights the relevance of "sur- face fat" to powder physical properties. Quantitative and qualitative analytical techniques, mainly referring to free fat, are described here. This review focuses on the specific and combined influence of composition constituents (fat, protein, lactose and mineral elements) and process steps (such as heat treatments, homogenization, drying and storage) on physical properties of fat-filled powders (oxidation, wettability, dispersibility, solubility and flowing properties). free fat / surface fat / spray drying / fat-filled dairy powders / functional properties
The Kinematic synthesis of mechanically constrained planar 3R chains

In this paper, we consider the problem of designing mechanical constraints for a planar serial chain formed with three revolute joints, denoted as the 3R chain. Our focus is on the various ways that two RR chains can be used to constrain the links of the 3R chain such that the system has one degree-of-freedom, yet passes through a set of five specified task positions. The result of this synthesis process is a planar six-bar linkage with one degreeof- freedom, and we obtain designs for each of the known Watt and Stephenson sixbar topologies, except the Watt II. We demonstrate the synthesis process with an example.
Nonlinear responses of ecosystem carbon fluxes and water‐use efficiency to nitrogen addition in Inner Mongolia grassland

Summary Nitrogen (N) deposition is a continuous process and likely to affect ecosystem carbon (C) and water fluxes in a nonlinear way. However, experimental evidence is still lacking because most previous studies on these impacts usually used two discrete levels of N treatment. By a 12-year, 6-level N addition experiment in Inner Mongolia grassland, we found that the responses of C fluxes, including net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE), gross ecosystem productivity (GEP), ecosystem respiration (ER), all exhibited nonlinear patterns with increasing N addition rate while that of evapotranspiration did not significantly change. As a result, the response of ecosystem water-use efficiency (EWUE) followed a similar pattern with NEE. These N-induced changes in C fluxes were greatly affected by the distribution of precipitation among different stages of growing seasons and mainly driven by the alterations in biomass production rather than soil temperature and soil moisture. This study highlights the importance of the nonlinearity of N addition impacts on ecosystem C fluxes, which should be incorporated into the global-C-cycling models for better predicting future C balance. Our results also have implications for the use of fertilization in restoring the degraded grasslands given that N addition can promote biomass production and ecosystem C uptake without additional water evapotranspiration but also change ecosystem composition.
A Case Study: The Indirect Aerosol Effects of Mineral Dust on Warm Clouds

Abstract The indirect aerosol effect (Twomey effect) is studied during a Saharan dust-transport event that presented an unusually favorable combination of a dust-loading gradient across clouds with warm cloud-top temperatures. Standard retrievals from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing System (AMSR-E), and the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) provide cloud-top temperature (a surrogate for height), liquid water path (LWP), classification of precipitation regime, and radiation flux. The authors correlate a retrieved mean effective droplet radius (re) versus the number concentration of cloud condensation nuclei (NCCN), using the regressed slope d lnre/d lnNCCN as the estimator of the aerosol indirect effect (AIE). Results demonstrate statistically significant AIE for only some of the segregated cloud classes. For nonprecipitating clouds (the most direct test of Twomey effect), the estimated AIE is effec.
AGE AS A PROGNOSTIC FACTOR IN SKIN MELANOMA

The aim of this study was to establish whether older patients with skin melanoma (in an analyzed group of 189 patients treated at the Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia from 2004 to 2008), have worse survival compared to younger patients. In 100 men and 89 women with an average age of 58.9 years, the following parameters were observed and statistically analyzed in SPSS: gender, age, localization, tumor thickness, ulceration, lymphonodal status and invasion level. In the four age subgroups - quartiles, the best survival was shown in patients <50 years (85.7%), and the worst in patients >70 years (76.1%). Patients without ulcerations, with negative lymph nodes, thin melanomas and Clark levels I and II had significantly better survival outcomes. Although the results showed no statistical significance of age as a prognostic factor in the survival of patients with skin melanoma, further research on a larger number of patients is warranted.
Photogrammetry of blue whales with an unmanned hexacopter

Author Posting. © Society for Marine Mammalogy, 2016. This article is posted here by permission of Society for Marine Mammalogy for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Mammal Science 32 (2016):1510–1515, doi:10.1111/mms.12328.
Psycho-Social Traumatic Events among Women in Nigeria

This article reviewed literature and scholarly studies related to psychosocial traumatic events among women in Nigeria. It conceptualized and discussed trauma from universal and cultural perspectives and different types of trauma. Taking Nigeria a context, this article reviewed different types of Traumatic events experienced by Nigerian women; identified the effects of Traumatic events on Nigerian women. Finally, this article provided possible solutions to reduce trauma against women and its psychosocial impacts.
What can Tourism Destination Management do in Health Tourism Destinations? – An Empirical Analysis

The present paper summarises the outcomes of a research co-financed by the European Union through the Hungary-Croatia IPA Cross-border Co-operation Programme, within the project ’Health &Rural Tourism DM Model’ (project no.: HUHR/1101/2.1.3/0006). The research was aimed at analysing the management of health tourism destinations, the physical and human resources of such destinations, aspects of sustainability and competitiveness, the main factors of success, and the importance of efficient destinantion management organisations. The analysis was based on surveys and interviews carried out in six spa towns of Western Hungary. The main findings specified that the major natural natural endowment is medicinal water, the tourism infrastructure and superstructure are suffient, but the range of services should be expanded, and marketing of health tourism services need improvement. The tourism stakeholders in successful destinations do not see the advantage of joining a TDM organisation, while smaller, less successful destinations are more inclined to cooperate within the framework of such organisations.
The halobiid bivalve genus Enteropleura and a new species from the Middle Anisian of Guangxi, southerm China

Enteropleura is a short−ranged early Middle Triassic bivalve genus, of importance with regard to biostratigraphy and the phylogeny of the Halobiidae. It comprises five species from the Alps, the Dinarides, Nevada, and southwestern China. Enteropleura walleri sp. nov. from the Fengshan District, northwestern Guangxi, southwestern China, occurs in the cen− tral area of the Triassic Nanpanjiang Basin. The new species is of late Middle Anisian age, penecontemporaneous to the species from Europe and Nevada. Morphologically, E. walleri sp. nov. is similar to Enteropleura jenksi from Nevada, Enteropleura bittneri from Austria, and Enteropleura lamellosa from Croatia, but it differs significantly from Entero− pleura guembeli from Hungary. Two species−groups of Enteropleura thus may be differentiated, E. guembeli group and E. bittneri group. Re−examination of E. guembeli reported from the Anisian basin slope facies in Guizhou, southwestern China, confirms its taxonomic status.
Volumetric Estimation of Coal Resources in Seam VI for Require Backfill Materials of Barapukuria Coal Mine, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

Through the distinguish software application along with formal calculation method the study represents a volumetric estimation of require backfill Materials of Barapukuria coal mine in north western Bangladesh, the only coal mine of the country under production, which capable of a low recovery with sustaining mining method. The only productive coal seam of the mine, Seam VI is our main focus during the assessment. Different estimation method is applied to investigate the accuracy of calculation and find out the reasons beyond the deflections. Surfer 8.4 exploits two method of interpolation, inverse distance to power, a weighted average interpolator and Kriging, more flexible gridding method, those yields the volume of 169221180.5 cubic meters and 165323770.4 cubic meters respectively. On the contrary Rockworks is estimated the volume through Delaunay Triangulation method as 115,959,398.4 cubic meters whether another estimation which is made by inverse power weighting interpolation on saved stratigraphic model, gives 174,281,203 cubic meters volume, following 185,760,000 cubic meters through geological reserve calculation. After considering the interpolation approach, available data and previous study agreement, the result of inverse distance to power, at both of software’s is consider for backfill materials volume estimation. The required volume of backfill materials is 101532708.3 m3 and for 9% and 10% recovery that’s are 9137943.747 m3 and 10153270.83 m3 respectively. The daily requirement of backfill is 562 - 636 m3 and the system need to have a daily capacity of 702 – 795 m3.
The Influence of Activities in Virtual Communities on Usage of P2P Services

Abstract As most of firms related with P2P services change their free se rvices into fee-charging services, the problems of intellectual property rights are solved to satisfactory extent. Accordingly, P2P systems become more popular with the general public. In this respect, it is thought to be very important to research on the critical factors affecting usage of P2P systems. Although it is strongly expected that the chara cteristics of users activities in virtual communities affect the intention to re-use P2P systems, relatively few attention h ave been paid to this question. Therefore, this paper is to present empirical evidence to explain how the characteris tics of users activities in virtual communities affect re-use intention of P2P services.The theoretical contribution of this study is that the characteristics of users activities in virtual communities is theoretically derived from the comprehensive literature review and the logical reasoning, and that the research model of the relationship between the users activities' characteristi cs in virtual community and the re-use intention of P2P services is proposed and empirically validated, which is expect ed to expand explaining power of the TAM(Technological Acceptance Model). Also, the practical implication is to provid e the guideline to support the successful strategic planning for development and․operation of P2P services through the virtual communities.
Study Effect of Customer Heterogeneity on Relationship between Satisfaction and loyalty (Case Study: Chain stores horizon of Cyrus)

The main objective of this research is to study the effects of heterogeneity on the relationship between customer satisfaction and loyalty in the chain store of Cyrus. Customer satisfaction in matters has positive effects such as repurchase, customer retention, loyalty, performance of retailing and profitability, on other hand, satisfaction and loyalty is necessary. Loyalty to a organization means the level of commitment. The customer organization and attempts show his loyalty by continued order it. In type of correlation, this is non-experimental research (descriptive). As well as purpose, this applied research. In terms of time also this is a cross sectional study. On the other hand, according to the type of information collected, this research is in the field of field research. Moreover for study of sources to collect the theoretical foundations used the documentary or library method. The population includes the store's customers of Cyrus horizon. The population in this study is unlimited and were selected based on Cochran formula, 384 people with 5% error includes 384 persons as the sample size. Research results indicate confirming the relationship between heterogeneity customer on satisfaction and loyalty in the chain store of Cyrus (sig: 0.000). Most important suggest of this study is forming units for after-sales service and customer relationship.
Modelling the transport of iron micro and nanoparticles in saturated porous media

In the framework of groundwater remediation, the injection of nanoscale and microscale zerovalent iron particles (NZVI and MZVI, respectively) for the generation of reactive zones proved effective, and represents a promising remediation technology for the treatment of contamination sources and dissolved plumes. To improve colloidal stability and mobility in the subsurface, the use of biopolymers is usually required. Polymers are dosed in low concentrations to modify surface properties and increase particle-particle repulsion (mainly for NZVI) or in high concentration to form shear-thinning fluids preventing particle sedimentation and improve delivery (mainly for MZVI). Shear thinning fluids exhibit high viscosity at low flow rates (which improves colloidal stability in static conditions) and lower viscosity at high flow rates, corresponding to the injection in the subsurface, when low viscosity (and consequently low pressures) is required. In this work a modelling approach is described to simulate the transport in porous media of nanoscale iron slurries, implemented in MNMs (www.polito.it/groundwater/software). Colloid transport mechanisms are controlled by particle-particle and particle-collector interactions, typically modelled with kinetic terms of deposition onto the porous medium and corresponding release. Ionic strength, flow rate and fluid viscosity all play a major role in determine the interactions between particles and porous medium, and therefore deposition and release mechanisms and kinetics. The key aspects included in MNMs are the influence of salt concentration on attachment and detachment kinetics (both under constant and transients in I.S), clogging phenomena (i.e. reduction of porosity and permeability due to particles deposition), and the rheological properties of the carrier fluid. Colloid transport is modelled with a dual-site (physico-chemical interactions plus straining) advection-dispersion-deposition equation. A general formulation for attachment/detachment dynamics is adopted. The influence of colloid transport on porosity, permeability, and fluid viscosity is explicitly embedded into the model through correlations from the literature, or derived on purpose. The software also implements a tool for the simulation of particle transport in radial geometry, for the estimate of the radius of influence of the slurry injection
A COMPARASION OF BRACKET DEBONDING FORCES BETWEEN THE TWO ADHESIVES: CON TEC LC AND CON TEC DUO

Fixed technique for applying brackets would be impossible without using adhesives for their fixation to the tooth enamel. However, the use of adhesives entails a number of problems which are a consequence of their imperfection, besides the fact that they have been actually applied for a number of decades already. The paper will analyze the debonding force values for bracket-tooth interface by using Con Tec LC and, Con Tec Duo. For comparative analysis of the strength of bracket-tooth interface, with the application of different types of adhesives, 80 extracted teeth of the frontal region were used (maxillary and mandibular incisors and canines). For the debonding process of applied orthodontics brackets, single-axial Stretch system for examination of tissues was applied to determine the value of the force necessary to separate the bracket from tooth surface, i.e. it was used to test debonding force. The direction of the used force for debonding was under angle of 90 degrees to the vertical axis of the tooth. By comparison of mean values of the strength of interface among the tested groups, it was determined that the highest average value of bond strength was with the group of teeth with which Con Tec Duo was used, a little lower mean value was recorded with the use of Con Tec LC adhesive.