Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Circularly Polarized Transmitarray Antenna for CubeSat Intersatellite Links in K-Band

A circularly polarized transmitarray antenna based on aperture-coupled patches is presented for CubeSat intersatellite-link applications in K-band. The concept of aperture coupling simplifies the design of transmitarray elements, as it omits the need for metallized vias. Compared to a five-layer element geometry previously proposed in the literature, the total number of metallic layers is reduced to three metallic layers, as a result of a simple modification in the shape of the crossed coupling slot. The new element has a total profile of 0.13 λ0 at 24.6 GHz and exhibits a stable performance over a range of incidence angles. The element is incorporated in a 900-element offset-fed transmitarray antenna. The antenna prototype exhibits a gain of 31.6 dBi with a maximum efficiency of 57% and a 1 dB gain bandwidth of 5.7%. The measured axial ratio is below 0.6 dB across the entire gain bandwidth.
Influence of mound building and selective seed predation by the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) on an old-field plant assemblage

In seed predation experiments, ragweed seeds were selected less often than those of four other early successional species: pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), bluegrass (Poa annua), common lamb's quarters (Chenopodium album), and goldenrod (Solidago altissima). Moreover, fire ants selected both larger and smaller seeds than those of ragweed indicating that selection was not driven by relative seed size. There was an increase in the number of ragweed seeds removed by fire ants as the summer progressed, suggesting that more ragweed seeds were incorporated into the diet of fire ants as other species of seeds became less abundant. Lastly, nearly all seeds of pigweed (a preferred species) placed 1, 2, 3 and 4 meters from ant mounds were consumed, which suggests that fire ants may effectively forage the entire field. Both fire ants and ragweed are early successional species that rapidly invade disturbed areas created by humans and natural events. Fire ants significantly contributed to the success of ragweed plants growing in an old field community.
The Importance of Grounding in HVDC Power Transmission Systems

The great development in the field of semiconductors led to a development in the field of power electronics, which gave way to the use of the technology of high voltage direct current HVDC more widely. To ensure the proper and the safe operation of these systems, a good grounding system must be provided. In this paper, the importance of grounding in the HVDC system will be discussed. In addition, the methods of the grounding, his types, the choice of the electrodes of the grounding and the basic requirements for this system in HVDC power transmission systems have been introduced. The grounding system with all necessary calculations was applied to HVDC system in Syria. The project assumes the link between the cities of Latakia and Deir ez-Zur in the Syrian Arab Republic.
A Compelling Pattern Reconfigurable Antenna without Utilizing Exchanging Innovation

An effective pattern reconfigurable antenna is proposed using CST-MW simulator. Essentially, the proposed antenna is a unique sort of antenna and ready to make inclusion at two headings by utilizing a couple of waveguide port without utilizing any switching technology. This antenna can reconfigure the pattern automatically. The proposed antenna can switch the beam one direction to its 180° reverse angle. Therefore, it may have called a smart antenna that has high pattern directivity. It provides about 460 MHz bandwidth at 2.4 GHz that is ideal for Wi-Fi frameworks and would be enhanced the speed. Furthermore, its compactness and provides small VSWR value to make this antenna effective for Wi-Fi systems. Consequently, this antenna could be adopted for the base station design for Wi-Fi technology.
Centroid Loss for Weakly-Supervised Semantic Segmentation in a Quality-Control Application

Process automation is enabling a level of accuracy and productivity that goes beyond human ability, and one critical area where automation is making a big difference is quality control. In this paper, we describe a semantic segmentation solution aiming at detecting the presence of quality control elements in surgery toolboxes prepared by the sterilization unit of a hospital. In order to reduce the time required to prepare pixel-level ground truth, this work focuses on the use of weakly-supervised annotations (scribbles). Moreover, our solution integrates a clustering approach into a semantic segmentation network, thereby reducing the negative effects caused by weakly-supervised annotations. The paper describes the design process and reports on the results obtained.
A Loss-Compensated Control Scheme for SiC-Based Dual Active Bridge Converter

In this paper, a control strategy improvement for controlling Dual Active Bridge (DAB) converters with Phase Control Modulation (PCM) is proposed. The analysis of PCM currently available in literature neglects the effects of the components' resistive losses, as well as the resistance of the transformer windings, for determining the required phase shift ϕ between the primary side and secondary side bridges. The analytical method of the PCM is extended with simple algebraic relationships for the required phase shift ϕ for the needed output power. The effects of including the resistive losses from the components is presented not only for the required control angle, but also for the zero voltage switching region of the semiconductors. A study case of a Dual-Active-Bridge converter in a 22 kW on-board charger application is given to demonstrate the procedure of the method.
Human online reliability estimation applied to real driving maneuvers

Traffic safety is mainly affected by human factors and related human reliability. During the driving process, effects of human factors, such as fatigue and vigilance, on driving safety have been widely discussed. Human reliability is less considered, especially in situated driving context. Human reliability is a commonly used concept in probability assessment context. Many approaches have been developed in human reliability analysis (HRA). Cognitive reliability and error analysis method (CREAM) provides a human cognitive model called contextual control mode (COCOM) and a method to describe and evaluate the most significant factors in context as common performance conditions (CPCs). Based on CREAM, reliability of human operators can be evaluated. However, due to the application limits of CPCs in CRERAM, it is advised to generate a new list of CPCs for the application domain, if the CREAM approach is applied to other domains. In this contribution, a new approach defining a situated and dynamical human reliability measure is established as no approach exists for a dynamic context. The approach is based on the well-known CREAM approach, which is modified with respect to the use in dynamical context. The new list of CPCs is generated to illustrate the features of situated driving context. Furthermore the reliability estimation is understood as a dynamic task with changing conditions leading to a dynamical change of reliability properties. Driving data collected by driving simulator are processed, the effects of experimental sequences and scenarios on reliability of human drivers are analyzed. Reliability of human drivers in situated driving context can be estimated by the newly introduced human performance reliability score (HPRS). The results indicate the applicability of the proposed approach. The new approach first time realizes the evaluation of human online reliability in situated driving context.
CNN based process monitoring of spatially distributed system

With the wide use of distribution control system (DCS) in process industry, large amount of data have been collected, which have greatly accelerated the development of data-driven process monitoring methods. In these methods, the autocorrelation and cross-correlation of data are mainly considered, especially the cross-correlation has been intensively investigated in last several decades. However, in these chemical production processes, most transfer and reaction are conducted in a three-dimensional equipment, in which some key performance indicators are spatially distributed, which hasn't been paid special attention in previous study. In this work, a convolutional neural network model is established to extract the spatial correlation among variables together with their autocorrelation and cross correlation. A process monitoring model is then established based on this convolutional neural network. A pre-reforming reactor of hydrogen production units is investigated as a case study. The results show that the process deviation can be detected at least 3 hours earlier than human operator.
The investigation of the effect of endothelial damage of rat aorta occlusion with microvascular clamp: an experimental study

Amaç: Bu çalışmada atravmatik mikrovasküler damar klempi ile sıçan aortu oklüde edilerek, endotel hasarının potansiyel etkisi araştırıldı. Ça­lış­ma­pla­nı:­Çalışmada 15 adet ağırlıkları 300-400 gr olan 3-4 aylık Wistar Albino cinsi dişi sıçan uyutuldu ve abdominal aortu median lapaorotomi ile alındı. Abdominal aort distal segmentine mikrovasküler klemp konuldu. Yaklaşık olarak 10 dakika sonunda oklüde edilen segment mikrovasküler klemp ile birlikte çıkarıldı ve klemp grubu olarak kabul edildi. İnsizyon proksimale doğru uzatılarak torakal aort eksplore edildi. Torasik aort segment örnekleri, kontrol grubu olarak kabul edildi. Bu iki örnekleme grubu taramalı elektron mikroskop incelemesine hazırlandı. İnceleme tek kör yöntemle yapıldı ve sonuçlar istatistiksel değerlendirmeyle yorumlandı. Bul gu lar: Kontrol grubundaki hiçbir örnekte endotel hasarı saptanmadı. Mikrovasküler klemp grubundaki 10 örnekte tip 1 hasar (%66.7), dört örnekte tip 2 hasar (%26.6), bir örnekte tip 3 hasar (%6.6) saptandı. Mikrovasküler klemp grubuyla kontrol grubu arasında endotel hasarı oluşması açısından istatistiksel anlamlı fark olduğu belirlendi (p<0.001). So­nuç:­Mikrovasküler klemp ile vasküler oklüzyon sağlanması, damar endotelinde hasara neden olmaktadır. Tip 2 ve tip 3 endotel hasarı endotel yüzeyi üzerinde kalıcı hasar oluşması nedeniyle erken veya geç dönem tromboz veya restenoza neden olabileceğini düşünüyoruz. Anah tar söz cük ler: Endotel hasarı; mikrovasküler klemp; taramalı elektron mikroskop. Background:­ In this study, we investigated the potential effect of the endothelial damage by occluding the rat aorta through atraumatic microvascular clamp application. Methods: Fifteen 3-4 month old Wistar Albino type female rats weighted 300-400 g were anesthetized and the abdominal aorta was explored with median laparotomy. Distal segment of the abdominal aorta was clamped with a microvascular clamp. After almost 10 minutes, occluded segment with microvascular clamp was excised and defined as the clamp group. The incision lengthened proximally and thoracic aorta was explored. The samples of the thoracic aorta segment were defined as the control group. These two sampling groups were prepared for scanning electron microscopy. The analysis is performed by a single blind method and results were analyzed statistically. Results:­ No endothelial damage was observed in the samples of the control group. In microvascular clamp group, there was type 1 damage in 10 samples (66.7%), type 2 damage in four samples (26.6%) and type 3 damage in one sample (6.6%). The difference between microvascular clamp and control group was statistically significant in terms of endothelial damage (p<0.001). Conclusion:­Vascular occlusion using with microvascular clamping causes vascular endothelial damage. We believe that type 2 or type 3 endothelial damage can cause early or late thrombosis and/or restenosis due to permanent damage of the endothelial surface.
Integration of Cloud Computing and IoT (CloudIoT) in Smart Grids: Benefits, Challenges, and Solutions

The pervasive smart grids and power markets are salient topics in the modernization of electricity networks in developed countries, which have attracted special attention during the last years. Power systems are experiencing the transition of entering the digital era because the technological growth in telecommunications and particularly, in artificial intelligence, has had an accelerated pace during the last decade. Recently, the exclusive traits of the Internet of things (IoT) have underlain the extensive application of this cutting-edge concept in the infrastructures of various technological fields. Many scholars have explained the architectures and hierarchical paradigms of deployment of this new concept for different purposes, the energy section included. The utilization of this technology can evolve the traditional ways of energy management in smart grids and power markets. By the use of IoT, the traditional methods of energy management will become obsolete so that the modernized IoT-equipped grids will demonstrate a decentralized peer-to-peer structure with a high level of autonomy all over the entire system. To achieve the targeted aim, it is recommended to integrate IoT technology with cloud technology. This integration is called CloudIoT, and it exhibits magnificent benefits in alignment with the aims of smart grids in addition to posing new challenges. In the extant study, first, an elaborate review of CloudIoT is presented. Then the opportunities, open challenges, and possible solutions are comprehensively discussed.
Reconfigurable Computation in Spiking Neural Networks

The computation of rank ordering plays a fundamental role in cognitive tasks and offers a basic building block for computing arbitrary digital functions. Spiking neural networks have been demonstrated to be capable of identifying the largest <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula> out of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula> analog input signals through their collective nonlinear dynamics. By finding partial rank orderings, they perform <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-winners-take-all computations. Yet, for any given study so far, the value of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is fixed, often to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula> equal one. Here we present a concept for spiking neural networks that are capable of (re)configurable computation by choosing <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula> via one global system parameter. The spiking network acts via pulse-suppression induced by inhibitory pulse-couplings. Couplings are proportional to each units’ state variable (neuron voltage), constituting an uncommon but straightforward type of leaky integrate-and-fire neural network. The result of a computation is encoded as a stable periodic orbit with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula> units spiking at some frequency and others at lower frequency or not at all. Orbit stability makes the resulting analog-to-digital computation robust to sufficiently small variations of both, parameters and signals. Moreover, the computation is completed quickly within a few spike emissions per neuron. These results indicate how reconfigurable <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-winners-take-all computations may be implemented and effectively exploited in simple hardware relying only on basic dynamical units and spike interactions resembling simple current leakages to a common ground.
Towards Time-Sensitive Networking in Heterogeneous Platforms with Virtualization

The advent of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) heterogeneous multicore platforms is offering many opportunities in the market of embedded computing systems for many application scenarios. The integration of multiple computing elements in a single device entails impressive performance capabilities. At the same time, the increased complexity of emerging systems requires the integration of more subsystems and functionalities, among others the communication subsystem. This work deals with the desirable properties of software transmission mechanisms to enable TSN communications in heterogeneous platforms handled by a hypervisor. Moreover, preliminary simulation results provide some insights on the limits and the advantages of the investigated architectures.
Analytical Study and Thermal Compensation for Capacitive MEMS Accelerometer With Anti-Spring Structure

This paper presents the analytical modeling, calculation, experimental validation and feedback compensation of a capacitive MEMS accelerometer based on geometric anti-spring structure (GAS). According to the analytical thermal drift model, asymmetrical structure and the thermal variations in the operating environment result in accelerometer nonlinearity, temperature drift of scale factor (TDSF) and displacement bias (TDB), and were solved with a force-balanced capacitive readout, electronic active compensation and calibration system, respectively. The experimental characterization of the readout circuit indicates a high sensitivity, of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$5.721~V/g$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, with a closed-loop nonlinearity of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$30~ppm$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm 1g$ </tex-math></inline-formula> operating range. The proposed analytical thermal drift model,confirmed by finite element analyses (COMSOL Multiphysics), predicts the thermal drifts of the bias and sensitivity. Without active compensation and calibration, the thermal drifts of the resonance frequency, bias and scale factor, for a temperature range from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$- 10\,\,{^{\circ }C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$90~{^{\circ }C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, are measured to be, respectively, of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3361~ppm$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$900~mg$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2755~ppm$ </tex-math></inline-formula>; after the calibration and the active compensation feedback, these values are reduced to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$121~ppm$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$109~\mu g$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$52.1~ppm$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, respectively. The Allan deviation was measured, in order to verify the effectiveness of the compensation methods, showing an initial uncompensated drift of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$151~\mu g$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in the temperature range from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$- 10\,\,{^{\circ }C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$90~{^{\circ }C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, which is reduced to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$41.7~\mu g$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with DC-bias compensation. Therefore, the proposed force-balanced circuit, active compensation and calibration scheme, considerably reduces the temperature-induced drift of the capacitive MEMS accelerometer based on asymmetrical GAS. [2020-0070]
ReLEx SMILE Method to Expansion and Create Scaffolds from Corneal Fibroblasts

To identify three-dimensional corneal stromal constructs that could promote a human corneal fibroblasts survival. Small-incision lenticule extraction was used for obtained corneal stroma for in vitro expansion of primary human corneal fibroblasts; monoclonal antibodies to keratocyte, mesenchymal stem cell/fibroblast and epithelial cell was used to phenotyping expanded human corneal fibroblast on the flow cytometry; polyethylene glycol, platelet lysate and methylene cellulose was used to prepare three-dimensional corneal stroma constructs, morphology was monitored by phase contrast microscopy. For 3-4 weeks human corneal fibroblasts were expanded in vitro from lenticule. Obtained cells expressed mesenchymal stem cell/fibroblast surface marker and was negative for keratocyte and epithelial cells surface markers. A combination of polyethylene glycol with platelet lysate significantly increased growth and survival of human corneal fibroblasts in three-dimensional corneal stroma construct.
Trajectory Tracking Control for a Quadrotor with a Slung Load

This paper presents the synthesis of a nonlinear controller to deal with the trajectory tracking problem for a quadrotor with a slung load constrained to flight on a plane. The control design procedure starts by designing a linearizing saturated controller for the vertical dynamics; then, the back-stepping method is employed to synthesize a controller for the resulting closed-loop dynamics. The controller performance is evaluated using numerical simulations, and some experimental results are also reported.
Fair Energy Division Scheme to Permanentize the Network Operation for Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks

In the past years, the energy constraint problem is known as a design issue of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) due to equipping the sensor nodes with limited power supplies. During the last few years, Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Networks (WRSNs) have gained researchers attention. In a WRSN, the sensor nodes are equipped with RF circuits, which enables them to receive energy from Wireless Mobile Chargers (WMC). However, most of the existing wireless charging algorithms consider the unlimited power budget for WMCs, which is the opposite of feasibility of a real network environment. Likewise, most of the previous works fail to take full advantage of WMC as it starts recharging the nodes when their energy level reaches a threshold, which leads to increasing the inactive time of WMC. Moreover, although previous works employed WMCs, the network lifetime is limited. However, optimal division of the energy of WMC among nodes can guarantee the perpetual network operation. Therefore, proposing an efficient method that jointly solves these challenges is required. In this paper, a new Fair Energy Division Scheme (FEDS) is presented, which undertakes the permanent network operation by optimizing the energy division at the beginning of each cycle. Simulation results exhibit that FEDS achieves perpetual network lifetime. In addition, the proposed scheme improves energy efficiency, (25%) compared to Uneven Cluster-based Mobile Charging (UCMC) and (75%) compared to Nearest-Job-Next Preemption NJNP; travelling time of WMC, (50%) compared to UCMC and (75%) compared to NJNP. In conclusion, the proposed protocol significantly improves network.
Food habits of Japanese achovy in the Shirasu fishing ground within Sagami Bay.

In order to clarity food habits of Japanese anchovy in the Shirasu (anchovy larvae) fishing ground within Sagami Bay, gut contents were analysed during the period of July through October, 1984. This period was the major fishing season for Shirasu. The prey organisms in the guts consisted of 7 kinds of zooplankton. Copepoda were the most dominant prey items, Among others, Oithona comprised 67 numerical percentage of total prey organisms detected in the guts. Food preference of larval and juvenile anchovies was found to change with increase in lengths: TL 20-25mm size-class chiefly fed on O. davisae and Evadne, 26-30mm size-class on Paracalanidae and Penilia in addition to the former two items, and anchovy over 31mm fed on Oncaea, Microsetella, Bivalvia larvae and so on. Seasonal abundance of O. davisae in anchovy guts changed with the density of O. davisae in the bottom layer of the fishing ground. According to change of food preference with growth, anchovy probably moved from one region, where O. davisae was abundant, to the other region where another zooplankton was distribut-ed, so that the school seemed to be composed of almost the same size of anchovy.