Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Health system capacity for tuberculosis care in Ethiopia: evidence from national representative survey.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the tuberculosis (TB) health system capacity and its variations by location and types of health facilities in Ethiopia. DESIGN We used the Service Provision Assessment plus (SPA+) survey data that were collected in 2014 in all hospitals and randomly selected health centers and private facilities in all regions of Ethiopia. We assessed structural, process and overall health system capacity based on the Donabedian quality of care model. Multiple linear regression and spatial analysis were done to assess TB capacity score variation across regions. SETTING The study included 873 public and private health facilities all over Ethiopia. PARTICIPANTS None. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) None. RESULTS A total of 873 health facilities were included in the analysis. The overall TB care capacity score was 76.7%, 55.9% and 37.8% in public hospitals, health centers and private facilities, respectively. The health system capacity score for TB was higher in the urban (60.4%) facilities compared to that of the rural (50.0%) facilities (β = 8.0, 95% CI: 4.4, 11.6). Health centers (β = -16.2, 95% CI: -20.0, -12.3) and private health facilities (β = -38.3, 95% CI: -42.4, -35.1) had lower TB care capacity score than hospitals. Overall TB care capacity score were lower in Western and Southwestern Ethiopia and in Benishangul-Gumuz and Gambella regions. CONCLUSIONS The health system capacity score for TB care in Ethiopia varied across regions. Health system capacity improvement interventions should focus on the private sectors and health facilities in the rural and remote areas to ensure equity and improve quality of care.
Antioxidant and Anti Inflammation Effect of Snack Bars from Black Glutinous Rice and Pumpkin Powder

The study was design to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of snack bars that made of black glutinous rice and pumpkin powder and study on the male Sprague Dawley rats. Twenty-five male rats in between the age of 2 and 3 months were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups, which were positive control, negative control, group with sylimarin treatment, snack bars A and snack bars B. Carbon tetrachloride was used to induce hepatic damage. The results showed that group with CCl4 treatment has 3.04 ± 0.16 μmol/L MDA while group with Sylimarin, snack bars A, snack bars B were 0.49 ± 0.05; 0.54 ± 0.05; and 1.15 ± 0.16 μmol/L MDA, respectively. The snack bars had the capacity to decline the damage in liver as much as Sylimarin (standardized natural medicine for hepatotoxicity). The SGPT (Serum Glutamin Pyruvic Transaminase) of the two treatment was 22.24 ± 0.80 U/I for Sylimarin and 22.33 ± 1.03 U/I for snack bars while SGOT (Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase) was 40.78 ± 0.77 U/I for Sylimarin and 40.88 ± 1.25 U/I for snack bars A. Snack bars B has a significantly different value on final SGOT and SGPT.
The influence of the acquisition of English as a foreign language on acceptability judgements in L1 Polish among young adults

ABSTRACT The article discusses the results of a study of L1 proofreading competence conducted among young adult native speakers of Polish who acquired English through formal education at school and university in Poland. Students with various levels of proficiency in English were asked to make acceptability judgements for Polish structures presented to them in writing. The results confirm the hypothesis that competence in L2 English exerts an influence on judgements of well-formedness of linguistic expressions in L1 Polish. Students with the strongest and weakest language skills in L2 English demonstrated significantly higher competence in detecting non-standard constructions in L1 Polish than students with intermediate L2 proficiency. The largest disparity appeared in the area of lexical semantics. A reinterpretation of the results of a similar study by Sunde and Kristoffersen. [2018. Effects of English L2 on Norwegian L1. Nordic Journal of Linguistics 41, no. 3: 275–307] conducted in Norway is proposed to explain the difference in the findings. The article proposes possible explanations for why strongest cross-lingual influence occurred in students who showed intermediate competence in English, and discusses the potential implications of the findings for language teaching on the one hand, and normative language attitudes on the other.
SERVICE QUALITY IN TOURISM MANAGEMENT: COMPARISON BETWEEN TRADITIONAL AND LOW-COST AIRLINES

The purpose of this study is to examine service quality and customer satisfaction in tourism management from the customer’s perspective, and also to explore how perceived service quality affects customer satisfaction and loyalty-related behavior towards airlines, and whether the factors affecting service quality, customer satisfaction, and loyalty differ between full-service and low-cost airlines. A critical review of the related literature reveals that the airline industry has been struggling with many challenges: cutting costs, managing fluctuating demand, keeping up with tight quality requirements while trying to maintain superior services and satisfy the needs of various customer groups. The data has been collected through questionnaires based on the previous research. 89 surveys have been completed by the passengers who traveled by air in the previous three months. Traditional airlines’ passengers have significantly higher perceived service quality and customer satisfaction. However, there is no significant difference in loyalty-related behavior. Overall, service quality has a significant influence on customer satisfaction for both traditional and low-cost airlines. However, the effect of service quality on behavioral intentions is only significant for traditional airlines. The results suggest that management of traditional and low-cost airlines should maintain service quality as it affects customer satisfaction.
WHY PAY MORE - WORLD EVIDENCE ON M&A BID PREMIUM DETERMINANTS

Corporate mergers and acquisitions represent one of the most dynamic fields in the world of the business finance. These remarkably complex transactions success may vary depending on the economic and institutional environments in which the transactions are performed. This paper investigates the information content of the bid premium determined in the MA (2) current equity market trends (3) institutional environments and the degree of the economic development of the countries in which the transaction participants operate; and (4) selected payment method and motive for entering the transaction in regard to space and time dimensions of bid premium. Examining the sample of 783 merger and acquisition transactions at the global economy level, the research explores the importance and range of time and space determinants of bid premiums in M&A transactions. Our results confirm that bid premium carries significant information and that is highly dependent on the observed timeframe, i.e. we find evidence of information “leakage” prior to transaction announcement and sluggish adaptation to expected value creation due to market characteristics, level of economic development of countries in which M&As are operated and specific transaction characteristics such as payment method and motive for participating in such transaction. The paper shows that the results can often differ depending on whether the analysis includes dominant trends in the most important capital markets.
Transcriptome-based Analysis of Euglena gracilis Lipid Metabolic Pathways Under Light Stress

1 Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aqua-Ecology & Aquaculture, Fisheries College, Tianjin, China, 300384 2 Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Institute of Marine Biotechnology (IMB), 21030, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia; 3 Quality of Fishery Environment and Aquatic Products Supervision and Testing Center (Tianjin), Ministry of Agriculture and Village, 300221, Tianjin, China.
Formulações tópicas magistrais para terapia de reposição hormonal em mulheres no período pós-menopausa e a aplicação da atenção farmacêutica

This monograph reviews the relevant aspects about the Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) for women in the postmenopausal period, highlighting the use of magistral preparations with bioidentical hormones and stressing the role of the pharmacist in pharmaceutical care to this patient. For the research, it was used as a tool for searching the databases, books and websites during the period 15 August to 18 November 2013. HRT for women in postmenopausal still brings some fears, particularly with regard to the increased risk of breast and uterus, but it is still considered the first choice for treating vasomotor symptoms and urogenital characteristic of this period of woman's life. There are many industrial pharmaceutical forms which are used for HRT but solely with the bioidentical hormones for topical application, such as hydroalcoholic gels and creams are a good choice, because no literature data showing benefits, including greater efficacy and accession of the patient, and reduced adverse effects and customization dose. Besides being a professional who handles the medicines, the pharmacist should be the health professional who helps patients make the best possible use of the formulation prepared and gives concise and relevant advice through the provision of pharmaceutical care in order that therapy is the most effective and satisfying as possible.
METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS: NOVAS TENDÊNCIAS PARA POTENCIALIZAR O PROCESSO DE ENSINO APRENDIZAGEM

O objetivo deste artigo é propor a análise sobre as novas metodologias ativas na educação como práticas pedagógicas inovadoras no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, de forma que proporcionem um melhor desenvolvimento do protagonismo desenvolvido pelos alunos. Como justificativa, aponta-se o fato de que as Metodologias Ativas, na educação, podem realmente provocar o despertar dos alunos, para uma nova visão crítico-reflexiva e por meio das novas metodologias torna-se possível uma melhor interação, visto que os atuais alunos, são mais ativos e gostam de ter voz ativa no processo de aprendizagem ao qual estão inseridos. O problema foi verificar e analisar a importância da utilização das metodologias ativas, em específico a PBL (Problem Based Learning), como meios motivadores para com o processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Optou-se pela pesquisa bibliográfica por meio de livros e artigos científicos, propondo o reforço elencado de outros autores para reforçar a importância da mudança e adaptação, e inovar o processo de ensino aprendizagem. Os resultados obtidos fundamentam que a utilização de novas metodologias, facilitam e promovem o melhor desenvolvimento dos alunos, o que conclui-se que torna-se fundamental para a construção de profissionais mais preparados para com a realidade prática, as quais irão vivenciar fora do ambiente de aprendizagem.
Hepatitis B Virus DNA is Absent in Lebanese Blood Donors Who Are Positive for Both Anti-Hbc and Anti-Hbs Antibodies

Background: Amajorriskduringbloodtransfusionisthetransmissionof infectiousagentssuchasHepatitisBvirus(HBV). Screen-ing for anti-HBc antibodies has long been used to test HBV infection and thus, blood safety. However, the development of advanced tools enabling HBV-DNA detection rendered the diagnostic beneﬁt of anti-HBc test uncertain. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between HBV-DNA, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc loads. Methods: Sera of 7200 blood donors were ﬁrst screened for HBs antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HBc antibody. Samples that were found to be HBsAg-negative but anti-HBc-positive were further tested for anti-HBs and HBV-DNA. Results: Of the 7200 tested samples, 7143 (99.2%) were HBsAg-negative, while the remaining 57 (0.8%) samples were HBsAg-positive. Among the HBsAg-negative samples, 490 (6.8%) were anti-HBc-positive. Of the anti-HBc positive samples, 397 (81%) were anti-HBs-positive, while the remaining 93 (19%) samples were anti-HBs-negative. Interestingly, all of the anti-HBc positive samples, which also were positive for anti-HBs, exhibited negative HBV-DNA results. On the other hand, the anti-HBc positive samples, which were negative for anti-HBs, showed both negative and positive HBV-DNA results. Conclusions: Blood samples which are positive for both anti-HBc and anti-HBs are characterized by negative HBV load.
Bacterial and fungal infectious etiology causing mastitis in dairy cows in the highlands of Boyacá (Colombia)

Mastitis is one of the most important diseases for the dairy industry worldwide due to the great economic losses it causes, and the bacterial agents that it causes variation from one herd to another. The objective of the investigation was determined the infectious agents involved in the development of mastitis in specialized dairies herds in the Highlands of Boyacá, Colombia. Was performed CMT tests in 4432 teats to determine the positive results for inflammation (CMT + 2), sampling in aseptic material of positives quarters, identification and differentiation of through microbiological cultures, Gram staining, and biochemical tests of bacterial and fungal agents presents in milk samples. It was determined that prevalence´s varied between the years of the study, in 2016 there was a total prevalence of 45.19%, in 2017: 51.06% and in 2018: 39.76%. The months of April, May, and September, October presented the highest number of teats affected with mastitis during the three years of study. Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus were the most prevalent microorganisms that cause mastitis in the three study years. There was an increase in the prevalence of infected teats corresponding to the months (April, May, September, and October) due to rainfall increases. The contagious pathogens were most prevalent that environmental pathogens.
Prognostic value of the Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK) prognostic score (MPS) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

133 Background: The MPS, a composite of the Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and albumin, is an alternative prognostic tool to the Glasgow Prognostic Score (C-reactive protein and albumin). A retrospective analysis (jco.2016.34.26_suppl.36) of patients with PDAC suggested that the MPS predicts survival. This did not control for clinically relevant factors such as performance status (PS), metastatic sites, or cancer therapies. More discriminating prognostic tools are needed. Methods: A retrospective chart review identified patients at MSK with pathology-confirmed stage IV PDAC diagnosed from 2011 to 2014. An MPS scale of 0-2 was utilized: MPS = 0 for albumin ≥ 4 g/dl and NLR ≤ 4 g/dl, MPS = 1 for either albumin < 4 g/dl or NLR > 4 g/dl, and MPS = 2 for albumin < 4 g/dl and NLR > 4 g/dl. PS (ECOG or KPS) was abstracted from outpatient visit notes. Metastatic sites at initial MSK visit were assessed from cross-sectional imaging. Cancer therapies were characterized as 5FU-based, gemcitabine-based, experimental, and radiation to primary or metastatic sites. Thromboembolic (TE) diagnoses were also noted. Time-dependent Cox regression analyses identified clinical variables associated with overall survival (OS). Univariately significant variables were utilized in a multivariable regression model to interrogate their effect on the association of MPS and OS. Results: Univariate analyses in n = 833 stage IV PDAC patients identified higher MPS score, higher CA19-9 at diagnosis (n = 737), chemo, radiation, liver metastases, TE, hospital admission, and lower PS (n = 727) as associated with worse OS (p < 0.05). A multivariate model (n = 727) controlling for radiation, liver metastases, TE, admission, and PS demonstrated that higher MPS scores at diagnosis remained associated with worse OS (p < 0.001). Median OS in patients with MPS 0, 1, and 2 were 14.5 (95%CI: 12.9-17), 10.2 (9-11.6), and 6.2 (5.1-8.1) months, respectively. Conclusions: The MPS is an objective prognostic tool associated with OS in advanced PDAC independent of PS, disease characteristics, and types of cancer therapies. Future directions include prospective evaluation and application of the MPS to other PDAC disease settings and other malignancies.
Le bilan et le diagnostic kinésithérapique

Tirés à part : G. PÉNINOU, voir adresse ci-dessus. Le kinésithérapeute est un praticien qui se sert des bilans pour établir un état des structures tissulaires du patient à un moment donné. Il les compare avec l’état médical (diagnostic médical) et l’état psychologique et ainsi détermine ses choix thérapeutiques puis techniques. Un choix thérapeutique donne une orientation et une chronologie dans le traitement (diagnostic kinésithérapique). Un choix technique permet au praticien de puiser dans son arsenal technologique pour obtenir un effet partiel immédiat ou différé. La somme des techniques à un moment donné doit permettre de répondre au choix thérapeutique. Le diagnostic médical a permis d’établir que la lombalgie était de type fonctionnel ou « commune » et que le traitement kinésithérapique pouvait aider à améliorer tout ou partie de l’état du patient. Le bilan et le diagnostic kinésithérapique permettent de déterminer les désordres fonctionnels, en particulier patho-mécaniques du patient. Le bilan doit permettre de préciser l’état du patient au début du traitement. Ce bilan se modifie tout au long du traitement en fonction des résultats à court et à moyen terme. Le bilan permet de suivre les résultats particuliers et globaux du traitement. Il permet de suivre l’état de mobilité et de fonction de chaque situation anatomique utile au mouvement fonctionnel. Ce sera en particulier le cas pour les tissus de la superficie à la profondeur (peau, enveloppe fibreuse, muscles-tendons, cloisons, ligaments). Ce sera aussi le cas pour les articulations directement concernées par la plainte (lombaires), mais aussi par les articulations de suppléances directes (rachis sus-jacentes, coxofémorales) et indirectes (système thoracoscapulaire et autres articulations des membres inférieurs). Il devra apprécier les réponses musculaires sur le plan qualitatif et/ou quantitatif. Ce sera le cas des muscles localisés (masses para-spinales et muscles thoraco-pelviens), les muscles régionaux (muscles pelvi-fémoraux en distal et dorso-scapulo-thoracique en crânial) [1-3]. Au total, le bilan kinésithérapique permet : — de préciser l’état du patient et sa pathologie à un moment donné ; — de déterminer le diagnostic kinésithérapique ; — de lister les dysfonctionnements tissulaires de l’instant et ainsi de permettre les choix technologiques.
Development of a Reinforcement Learning Inspired Monte Carlo Tree Search Design Optimization Algorithm for Fixed-Wing VTOL UAV Propellers

A novel Monte Carlo Tree Search Optimization Algorithm that is trained using a Rein-forcement Learning approach is developed for the application to geometric design tasks. It is capable of evaluating design parameters and demonstrates the successful application of reinforcement learning strategies on a physics informed design optimization task. The algorithm is intended to be used for the parametric design of the optimal geometry of a propeller for Fixed-Wing VTOL UAV but is also applied to an aircraft design problem with ease.
STUDY OF HUMAN MUSCLE CIRCULATION DURING BICYCLE EXERCISE USING NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY

Using near-infrared spectroscopy, we monitored changes of oxygenated hemoglobin and myoglobin contents•koxy(Hb+Mb)•l, deoxygenated hemoglobin and myoglobin contents•kdeoxy (Hb+Mb)•l, and total hemoglobin and myoglobin contents •ktotal(Hb+Mb)•l of the thigh muscle at rest and during incremental bicycle exercise and recovery in 10 healthy male volnuteers. Gas exchange parameters were also measured in breath-by-breath mode. The following results were obtained : 1) During low-intensity exercise (216 kpm/min), oxy (Hb+Mb) increased, while deoxy (Hb+Mb) and total (Hb+Mb) decreased. These changes are thought to reflect an increase in arterial blood flow to the exercising muscle and an increase in venous return. 2) During high-intensity exercise (above 972 kpm/min), oxy (Hb+Mb) decreased, while deoxy (Hb+Mb) increased. These findings probably reflect increased O2 extraction. 3) Upon cessation of exercise, oxy (Hb+Mb) and total (Hb+Mb) increased, and deoxy (Hb+Mb) decreased abruptly. These changes probably reflect post-exercise hyperemia with decreased O2 extraction. 4) Oxy (Hb+Mb) level at ventilatory threshold (VT) was the same as or higher than that of resting condition, indicating that VT occurs when the level of O2 in the vessels of the thigh muscle is relatively high. 5) Spontaneous fluctuation of oxy (Hb+Mb) with frequency of 7•`10 cycles/min was observed. This fluctuation was more marked during exercise than during rest or recovery. These findings suggest that the influence of increased blood flow and venous return on oxy (Hb+Mb), deoxy (Hb+Mb) and total (Hb+Mb) are greater than that of O2 extraction during low intensity exercise, whereas the influence of O2 extraction increases with exercise intensity. Near-infrared spectroscopy provides valuable information with regard to O2 transport and O2 extraction in the exercising muscle. (Jpn. J. Phys, Fitness Sports Med. 1992, 41: 586594) key words :1) hemoglobin, 2) myoglobin, 3) exercising muscle, 4) near-infrared spectroscopy
Marginal effects of physician coverage on infant and disease mortality

This paper investigates the effect of changes in the physician coverage ratio on infant mortality, perinatal mortality and the incidence of common childhood diseases. We utilize historical data and variation in the regional physician density provided by discriminatory policies in Germany in 1933, when Jewish physicians were expulsed from health insurance schemes and subsequently emigrated in large numbers. The results indicate substantial health effects. One additional physician per 1,000 of population reduces infant mortality by 23% and perinatal mortality by 16%. We find similar negative effects for gastrointestinal diseases, stillbirths and the incidence of measles, influenza and bronchitis. Using a semiparametric control function approach, we demonstrate that the marginal returns to coverage are nonlinear and decreasing. A coverage ratio of two physicians per 1,000 of population is sufficient to prevent mortality effects in the population.
Methode zur Messung des Einflusses von Lichtimpulsen auf die visuelle Leistungsfähigkeit

Fahrten im Strasenverkehr sind durch sich standig verandernde Lichtsituationen charakterisiert, die sowohl zeitlich als auch ortlich eine hohe Dynamik aufweisen. Ist die Dynamik innerhalb des Gesichtsfeldes des Beobachters so hoch sodass es das Auge nicht schafft sich entsprechend anzupassen, wird dies als Blendung bezeichnet. Wahrend dieses Anpassungsprozesses verfugt das visuelle System nicht uber seine optimale visuelle Leistungsfahigkeit, sodass potentiell gefahrliche Objekte unter Umstanden zu spat oder gar nicht erkannt werden konnen. Um das damit verbundene Gefahrdungspotential besonders in Blendsituationen mithilfe von Probandenstudien evaluieren zu konnen, wurde eine objektive Messmethode, die sogenannte MeLLIMethode (Measurement of glaring Light stimuli with Letter Identification) entwickelt und erfolgreich validiert.
Intraspecific variation in surface water uptake in a perennial desert shrub

4. Intraspecific variation in lateral root functioning can lead to differential patterns of 31 resource acquisition, an essential process in arid ecosystems in the contexts of changing 32 climate and seasonal patterns of precipitation. Altogether, we found that lateral root 33 development and activity is more strongly related to genetic variability within A. 34 tridentata than to plant size. Our study highlights how intraspecific variation in life 35 strategies is linked to mechanisms of resource acquisition. 36