Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Constraining the optimization of a fuzzy logic controller using an enhanced genetic algorithm

Fuzzy logic controllers (FLCs) are gaining in popularity across a broad array of disciplines because they allow a more human approach to control. Recently, the design of the fuzzy sets and the rule base has been automated by the use of genetic algorithms (GAs) which are powerful search techniques. Though the use of GAs can produce near optimal FLCs, it raises problems such as messy overlapping of fuzzy sets and rules not in agreement with common sense. This paper describes an enhanced genetic algorithm which constrains the optimization of FLCs to produce well-formed fuzzy sets and rules which can be better understood by human beings. To achieve the above, we devised several new genetic operators and used a parallel GA with three populations for optimizing FLCs with 3x3, 5x5, and 7x7 rule bases, and we also used a novel method for creating migrants between the three populations of the parallel GA to increase the chances of optimization. In this paper, we also present the results of applying our GA to designing FLCs for controlling three different plants and compare the performance of these FLC's with their unconstrained counterparts.
Impacts of Nutrition Information on Choices of Fresh Seafood Among Parents

ABSTRACT Federal rules require raw meat and poultry products to carry nutrition information, but such rules do not extend to fresh (raw) seafood products. This article examines the extent to which providing nutrition information could impact consumers' choices for seafood, with a special focus on parents with children, because parents influence the food preferences of future generations. Using a choice experiment with a between subjects design, we find that providing nutrition information similar to the nutrition facts panel increases marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) for all types of seafood studied, whereas providing health benefit information of seafood is only effective for some types of seafood. This finding can inform the industry and policy makers on the potential impact of introducing nutrition labels for fresh seafood. JEL Codes: C35, C90, M31, Q13, Q18.
Roles of Aurora Kinases in Mitosis and Tumorigenesis

Aurora kinases, which have been implicated in several vital events in mitosis, represent a protein kinase family highly conserved during evolution. The activity of Aurora kinases is delicately regulated, mainly by phosphorylation and degradation. Deregulation of Aurora kinase activity can result in mitotic abnormality and genetic instability, leading to defects in centrosome function, spindle assembly, chromosome alignment, and cytokinesis. Both the expression level and the kinase activity of Aurora kinases are found to be up-regulated in many human cancers, indicating that these kinases might serve as useful targets for the development of anticancer drugs. This review focuses on recent progress on the roles of Aurora kinases in mitosis and tumorigenesis. (Mol Cancer Res 2007;5(1):1–10)
Purification and characterization of the major dog allergen, Can f I

An important dog‐hair and dander‐specific allergen Ag13 has been purified by means of immunoaffinity chromatography utilizing rabbit antibody specific for Ag13. Purity was judged to be very high as detected by crossed immunoelectrophoresis and SDS‐PAGE. The purified allergen was subjected to amino acid analyses. Molecular weight was about 22 kD in HPLC‐gel filtration and 25 kD in SDS PAGE with an additional band at 18 kD. In vitro IgE binding of the allergen was investigated by luminescence immunoassay (LIA) inhibition. Removal of Ag13 from dog hair and dander extract (DHD) removed 50 ± 1.5% of the IgE binding capacity. The purified allergen inhibited up to 56.5% of the IgE activity to DHD as measured with a pool of serum from dog‐allergic patients. Out of 26 dog‐allergic patients, 24 had a positive skin‐prick test to the allergen. Out of 23 dog‐allergic patients, 16 reacted with the allergen in IgE immunoblotting. We suggest that Ag13 be termed Can f I. The allergen will be a marker allergen for environmental dog hair and dander exposure.
Improved sensitivity to overlapping multiplet signals in in vivo proton spectroscopy using a multiecho volume selective (CPRESS) experiment

A method for volume selective proton spectroscopy is presented based on a multiecho sequence with short refocusing interval tcp. It is demonstrated, that by appropriate choice of tcp on the order of 4–6 ms, signals from overlapping multiplets like the glutamine and glutamate (Glu/Gln) resonances in spectra of the human brain are considerably increased compared with a conventional PRESS volume selection scheme. Thus proton spectra from J‐coupled multiplet signals can be acquired with TE on the order of 20–30 ms avoiding the baseline problems arising at shorter echo times due to broad resonances. This allows to selectively acquire spectra from substances with longer T2 without the confounding effects from J‐coupling occurring in conventional volume selection techniques.
Multi-Dimensional Model-based Genericity in Omega+

Future CSCL technologies are described by the community as flexible, tailorable, and appropriate for various collaborative settings, conditions and contexts. This paper describes the key design issues of a generic synchronous collaborative learning environment. In this approach, model-based genericity is applied to the four dimensions of collaborative learning: the situation, the interaction, the process, and the effects
Learning to Diversify Patch-Based Priors for Remote Sensing Image Restoration

The restoration of clean remote sensing images from the degraded images is usually an ill-posed problem. A feasible solution for the problem is incorporating various priors into restoration procedure as constrained conditions. Recently, the patch-based Gaussian mixture model (GMM) priors became popular. However, the learning of patch-based GMM priors usually assumes the components of the GMM are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.). The assumption means that two components could model the same training samples, and thus a possible decrease in model's description ability. This work presents a new learning method to diversify the patch-based GMM priors through modeling the GMM's parameters as a determinantal point process (DPP). The introduction of DPP allows us to specify a preference for diversity in patch-based GMM using a positive definite kernel function and thus to increase the model's description ability for a given model complexity. Furthermore, under the expected patch log-likelihood (EPLL) restoration framework, we further introduce the diversified patch-based GMM priors into remote sensing literature and develop new remote sensing image restoration algorithms. The extensive experiments for denoising and deblurring of remote sensing images demonstrated that the proposed algorithms produced better restoration results than other methods that already proven to perform well in the literature.
Thirty-Day Readmission Rate and Costs After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in the United States: A National Readmission Database Analysis

Background— The association of short-term readmissions after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on healthcare costs has not been well studied. Methods and Results— The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Readmission Database encompassing 722 US hospitals was used to identify index PCI cases in patients ≥18 years old. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to examine the factors associated with risk of 30-day readmission and higher cumulative costs. We evaluated 206 869 hospitalized patients who survived to discharge after PCI from January through November 2013 and analyzed readmissions over 30 days after discharge. A total of 24 889 patients (12%) were readmitted within 30 days, with rates ranging from 6% to 17% across hospitals. Among the readmitted patients, 13% had PCI, 2% had coronary artery bypass surgery, and 3% died during the readmission. The most common reasons for readmission included nonspecific chest pain/angina (24%) and heart failure (11%). Mean cumulative costs were higher for those with readmissions ($39 634 versus $22 058; P<0.001). The multivariable analyses showed that readmission increased the log10 cumulative costs by 45% (&bgr;: 0.445; P<0.001). There was no significant difference in cumulative costs by the type of insurance. Conclusions— In a national sample of inpatient PCI cases, 30-day readmissions were associated with a significant increase in cumulative costs. The majority of readmissions were because of low-risk chest pain that did not require any intervention. Ongoing effort is warranted to recognize and mitigate potentially preventable post-PCI readmissions.
A Microresonator Design Based on Nonlinear 1 : 2 Internal Resonance in Flexural Structural Modes

A unique T-beam microresonator designed to operate on the principle of nonlinear modal interactions due to 1 : 2 internal resonance is introduced. Specifically, the T-structure is designed to have two flexural modes with natural frequencies in a 1 : 2 ratio, and the higher frequency mode autoparametrically excites the lower frequency mode through inertial quadratic nonlinearities. A Lagrangian formulation is used to model the electrostatically actuated T-beam resonator, and it includes inertial quadratic nonlinearities, cubic nonlinearities due to midplane stretching and curvature of the beam, electrostatic potential, and effects of thermal prestress. A nonlinear two-mode reduced-order model is derived using linear structural modes in desired internal resonance. The model is used to estimate static pull-in bias voltages and dynamic responses using asymptotic averaging. Nonlinear frequency responses are developed for the case of resonant actuation of a higher frequency mode. It is shown that the lower frequency flexural mode is excited for actuation levels above a certain threshold and generates response component at half the frequency of resonant actuation. The effects of damping, thermal prestress, and mass and geometric perturbations from nominal design are thoroughly discussed. Finally, experimental results for a macroscale T-beam structure are briefly described and qualitatively confirm the basic analytical predictions. The T-beam resonator shows a high sensitivity to mass perturbations and, thus, holds great potential as a radio frequency filter-mixer and mass sensor.
Tyrosine Phosphorylation of GABAA Receptor γ2-Subunit Regulates Tonic and Phasic Inhibition in the Thalamus

GABA-mediated tonic and phasic inhibition of thalamic relay neurons of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) was studied after ablating tyrosine (Y) phosphorylation of receptor γ2-subunits. As phosphorylation of γ2 Y365 and Y367 reduces receptor internalization, to understand their importance for inhibition we created a knock-in mouse in which these residues are replaced by phenylalanines. On comparing wild-type (WT) and γ2Y365/367F+/− (HT) animals (homozygotes are not viable in utero), the expression levels of GABAA receptor α4-subunits were increased in the thalamus of female, but not male mice. Raised δ-subunit expression levels were also observed in female γ2Y365/367F +/− thalamus. Electrophysiological analyses revealed no difference in the level of inhibition in male WT and HT dLGN, while both the spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic activity and the tonic current were significantly augmented in female HT relay cells. The sensitivity of tonic currents to the δ-subunit superagonist THIP, and the blocker Zn2+, were higher in female HT relay cells. This is consistent with upregulation of extrasynaptic GABAA receptors containing α4- and δ-subunits to enhance tonic inhibition. In contrast, the sensitivity of GABAA receptors mediating inhibition in the female γ2Y356/367F +/− to neurosteroids was markedly reduced compared with WT. We conclude that disrupting tyrosine phosphorylation of the γ2-subunit activates a sex-specific increase in tonic inhibition, and this most likely reflects a genomic-based compensation mechanism for the reduced neurosteroid sensitivity of inhibition measured in female HT relay neurons.
Gravity Field and Internal Structure of Mercury from MESSENGER

Mercury Inside and Out The MESSENGER spacecraft orbiting Mercury has been in a ∼12-hour eccentric, near-polar orbit since 18 March 2011 (see the Perspective by McKinnon). Smith et al. (p. 214, published online 21 March) present the most recent determination of Mercury's gravity field, based on radio tracking of the MESSENGER spacecraft between 18 March and 23 August 2011. The results point to an interior structure that differs from those of the other terrestrial planets: the density of the planet's solid outer shell suggests the existence of a deep reservoir of high-density material, possibly an Fe-S layer. Zuber et al. (p. 217, published online 21 March) used data obtained by the MESSENGER laser altimeter through to 24 October 2011 to build a topographic map of Mercury's northern hemisphere. The map shows less variation in elevation, compared with Mars or the Moon, and its features add to the body of evidence that Mercury has sustained geophysical activity for much of its history. Mercury’s outer solid shell is denser than expected, suggesting a deep reservoir of high-density material, possibly iron-sulfide. Radio tracking of the MESSENGER spacecraft has provided a model of Mercury’s gravity field. In the northern hemisphere, several large gravity anomalies, including candidate mass concentrations (mascons), exceed 100 milli-Galileos (mgal). Mercury’s northern hemisphere crust is thicker at low latitudes and thinner in the polar region and shows evidence for thinning beneath some impact basins. The low-degree gravity field, combined with planetary spin parameters, yields the moment of inertia C/MR2 = 0.353 ± 0.017, where M and R are Mercury’s mass and radius, and a ratio of the moment of inertia of Mercury’s solid outer shell to that of the planet of Cm/C = 0.452 ± 0.035. A model for Mercury’s radial density distribution consistent with these results includes a solid silicate crust and mantle overlying a solid iron-sulfide layer and an iron-rich liquid outer core and perhaps a solid inner core.
Stakeholder dynamics as determinants of substantive versus symbolic csr practices: A macro/micro perspective

Abstract Purpose Moving beyond the question of whether large corporations are truly addressing sustainability, some scholars have explored the degree to which CSR activities are purely symbolic or substantive in nature. Most of the studies have focused on external stakeholder pressures. The aim of this chapter is to extend this line of inquiry by theorizing that the dynamics among internal stakeholders also shapes CSR conduct. Design/methodology/approach This theoretical contribution borrows from research on socially responsible indices, behavioral corporate governance theory in CSR and from recent research that has leveraged attribution theory to better understand reactions to corporate social irresponsibility (CSiR). Findings Our chapter proposes that firms adhering to substantive CSR practice are less likely to be punished by external stakeholders than otherwise. From an internal stakeholder viewpoint, it suggests there is a positive relationship between the number of board ties to reputable universities/nonprofit organizations and substantive CSR practices; and a negative relationship between managerial discretion and substantive CSR practices. Social implications This chapter can have social applicability as it deals with stakeholders’ role in pressuring the modern organization to engage in substantive CSR. Originality/value As aforementioned, most studies explore the relationship between CSR compliance and external stakeholder pressures. In contrast, the relationship between internal stakeholder dynamics and CSR compliances is still not well understood. Hence, the incorporating of these dynamics provides theoretical insights for the CSR, sustainability, and corporate governance arenas.
Role of endothelium in the mechanical response of the carotid arterial wall to calcium blockade in spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto rats

Objectives: Calcium blockade has been reported to inhibit the contraction of the vascular smooth muscle and the liberation of vasoactive substances by endothelial cells. We tested the effects of calcium blockade on the mechanical properties of the carotid artery in normotensive Wistar—Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) in the presence and in the absence of endothelium. Methods: The pressure-volume relationships of isolated carotid arteries were recorded in situ in SHR (n=20) and WKY rats (n=20) before and after calcium blockade by local incubation with clentiazem. Results: With intact endothelium, calcium blockade induced a significant shift in the pressure—volume curve in both strains, volume being significantly higher after calcium blockade than under control conditions. In WKY rats the carotid mechanical properties were similar after calcium blockade and after abolition of the smooth muscle tone by potassium cyanide (KCN) poisoning. In SHR the carotid compliance measured after incubation with clentiazem was significantly lower than that measured after KCN poisoning. Removal of the endothelium induced a significant shift in the pressure-volume curve towards the volume axis in both strains, and an increase in carotid compliance. Local incubation with clentiazem or KCN did not induce further modifications of the pressure-volume relationship either in WKY rats or in SHR. Furthermore, in SHR and WKY rat carotid arteries, the pressure-volume relationship and the compliance measured after incubation with clentiazem were identical in the presence and in the absence of endothelium. Conclusions: In WKY rat and SHR carotid arteries, acute calcium blockade increases the arterial compliance independently of the endothelium integrity. Furthermore, part of the compliance enhancement induced by the calcium antagonist could be related to an antagonizing mechanism of the production of endothelial constricting factor or factors.
Exploring associations between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and gastrointestinal (GI) problems in women: a study in women with urological and GI problems vs a control population

To study the prevalence of self‐reported lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in women consulting a Gastroenterology clinic with complaints of functional constipation (FC), fecal incontinence (FI) or both, compared with a female control population. Also, to study the influence of FC, FI, or both on self‐reported LUTS in women attending a Urology clinic.
SAGTA: Semi-automatic Ground Truth Annotation in crowd scenes

Ground truth is crucial in the performance evaluation of algorithms. Nevertheless, it is a tedious and time-consuming task to annotate ground truth manually, especially in crowd scenes. In this paper, we propose a novel semi-automatic tool called SAGTA (Semi-automatic Ground Truth Annotation Tool), which can assist researchers to annotate pedestrians easily and quickly in crowd scenes. Firstly, users label pedestrians manually in a few key frames by drawing bounding boxes through the friendly GUI of SAGTA. Then, the annotations in the rest frames are coarsely estimated by automatically interpolating based on 3D linear motion assumption. Moreover, our tool refines the estimated annotations through using ORB feature matching. This coarse-to-fine method facilitates the annotation process efficiently. Afterwards, the refined annotations are manually verified and corrected to guarantee the accuracy of annotations. In addition, some extra information (such as density, trajectory and occlusion relationships) can be inferred automatically and visualized vividly. The proposed tool has been tested on PETS and real surveillance data sets. Experimental results demonstrate that SAGTA achieves superior performance in time cost than ViPER-GT, which is the widely used annotation tool.
A randomized trial using progressive addition lenses to evaluate theories of myopia progression in children with a high lag of accommodation.

PURPOSE To compare the effect of wearing, then ceasing to wear, progressive addition lenses (PALs) versus single vision lenses (SVLs) on myopia progression in children with high accommodative lag to evaluate accommodative lag and mechanical tension as theories of myopia progression. METHODS Eighty-five children (age range, 6-11 years) with spherical equivalent (SE) cycloplegic autorefraction between -0.75 D and -4.50 D were randomly assigned to wear SVLs or PALs for 1 year; all children wore SVLs a second year. Children had high accommodative lag and also had near esophoria if their myopia was greater than -2.25 D SE. The primary outcome after each year was the previous year's change in SE. RESULTS When the children were randomly assigned to SVLs or PALs, the adjusted 1-year changes in SE were -0.52 D (SVL group) and -0.35 D (PAL group; treatment effect = 0.18 D; P = 0.01). When all children wore SVLs the second year, there was no difference in myopia progression between SVL and former PAL wearers (0.06 D; P = 0.50). Accommodative lag was not associated with myopia progression. CONCLUSIONS The statistically significant, but clinically small, PAL effect suggests that treatments aimed at reducing foveal defocus may not be as effective as previously thought in myopic children with high accommodative lag. Finding no evidence of treatment loss after discontinuing PAL wear supports hyperopic defocus-based theories such as accommodative lag; however, not finding an association between accommodative lag and myopia progression is inconsistent with the PAL effect being due to decreased foveal blur during near work. (Clinical Trials.gov number, NCT00335049.).
Psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents with mental retardation and active epilepsy.

OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence and types of psychiatric disorders in a representative sample of school-age children with the combination of mental retardation (MR) and active epilepsy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Ninety-eight children were identified with MR and active epilepsy in a population-based study from Göteborg, Sweden, which has a general population at risk of 48873 children. They were born between 1975 and 1986 and were 8 to 16 years old at the time of psychiatric examination. Five children had died, 3 had parents who declined participation, and 90 were clinically examined. RESULTS Fifty-three children (59%) had at least 1 psychiatric diagnosis, and the conditions in 30 (33%) could not be classified because of profound severe MR. Twenty-four children (27%) had autistic disorder, and another 10 (11%) had an autisticlike condition. The combination of MR, active epilepsy, and autism or an autisticlike condition occurred at a rate of 0.07% in the general population. The most common seizure types in the group with autism or an autisiclike condition were complex partial, atypical absence, myoclonic, and tonic-clonic. CONCLUSIONS Children with MR and active epilepsy suffered from a psychiatric disorder in a majority of those cases in which the children had enough skills and mobility to exhibit behavioral and emotional problems. Many such problems had been undiagnosed despite parental concern and the conviction that the psychiatric problems were the most burdensome in many cases. Neurologists and psychiatrists need to develop better programs for the adequate management of psychiatric disorders in this population.