Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Maximizing Quality of Experience in Device-to-Device Communication Using an Evolutionary Algorithm Based on Users’ Behavior

End users’ quality of experience (QoE) is one of the most crucial requirements to be considered in device-to-device communication. Users’ QoE is affected by the ratio of the amount of received data to the amount of shared data. The ratio should be approximate to 1. To achieve this, we propose an evolutionary algorithm-based cooperative content caching and communication (EACCC) scheme. This scheme works by finding the maximum 1-factor of a directed weighted graph, where each edge’s weight corresponds to the mean opinion score of the connection between two users. Finding the maximum 1-factor of graph-based communication is a problem that is difficult to solve optimally, but an evolutionary algorithm can quickly converge to a high-quality solution. Each user provides an opinion score of incoming and outgoing connection, and the maximum 1-factor corresponds to the scheme that maximizes overall QoE. The proposed EACCC scheme achieves optimal connections among users in a vast and complex network, due to strong mutual communication. The simulation results verify that our proposed scheme outperforms traditional QoE optimization schemes. Moreover, our scheme can be implemented easily in a realistic scenario.
Reversal by Interleukin‐2 of the T Cell Unresponsiveness of Lepromatous Leprosy to Mycobacterium Leprae

In some subjects Mycobacterium leprae causes disseminated (lepromatous) disease. Such subjects show both in vivo and in vitro deficient T cell responses to M. leprae, but not to other antigens. We have recently shown that lepromatous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) failed to produce interleukin 2 (IL-2) in response to M. leprae and that T cell-conditioned media (TCM) can reverse the T cell unresponsiveness in a majority of lepromatous leprosy patients (Haregewoin et al. 1983). Here we show that highly purified and recombinant IL-2 had effects similar to TCM. On the other hand, lepromatous PBMC produced IL-1, and IL-1 had no restorative effect. These findings provide further evidence that the unresponsiveness in lepromatous leprosy often results from a deficiency in IL-2 production. After initial stimulation with TCM + M. leprae, lepromatous PBMC could be restimulated with M. leprae alone, providing clear evidence that M. leprae-reactive lymphocytes were generated in the presence of TCM. The present findings are discussed in relation to the possible mechanisms involved in the failure of IL-2 production. If our findings can be reproduced in vivo, IL-2 may offer a novel approach to therapy in lepromatous leprosy.
Effects of Age and Coronary Artery Disease on Cerebrovascular Reactivity to Carbon Dioxide in Humans

Alterations in cerebrovascular reactivity to CO2, an index of cerebrovascular function, have been associated with increased risk of stroke. We hypothesised that cerebrovascular reactivity is impaired with increasing age and in patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease (CAD). Cerebrovascular and cardiovascular reactivity to CO2 was assessed at rest and during hypercapnia (5% CO2) and hypocapnia (hyperventilation) in subjects with symptomatic CAD (n=13) and age-matched old (n=9) and young (n=20) controls without CAD. Independent of CAD, reductions in middle cerebral artery blood velocity (transcranial Doppler) and cerebral oxygenation (near-infrared spectroscopy) were correlated with increasing age (r=-0.68, r=-0.51, respectively, P <0.01). In CAD patients, at rest and during hypercapnia, cerebral oxygenation was lower (P <0.05 vs young). Although middle cerebral artery blood velocity reactivity was unaltered in the hypercapnic range, middle cerebral artery blood velocity reactivity to hypocapnia was elevated in the CAD and age-matched controls (P <0.01 vs young), and was associated with age (r=0.62, P <0.01). Transient drops in arterial PCO2 occur in a range of physiological and pathophysiological situations, therefore, the elevated middle cerebral artery blood velocity reactivity to hypocapnia combined with reductions in middle cerebral artery blood velocity may be important mechanisms underlying neurological risk with aging. In CAD patients, additional reductions in cerebral oxygenation may place them at additional risk of cerebral ischaemia.
Pharmacological properties of 5-Hydroxytryptamine(4) receptor antagonists on constitutively active wild-type and mutated receptors.

We studied the pharmacological properties of twenty-four 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)(4) receptor ligands known to act as antagonists on 5-HT(4) receptors positively coupled to adenylyl cyclase endogenously expressed in mouse colliculi neurons. In COS-7 cells expressing human or mouse 5-HT(4(a)) receptors (100-8000 fmol/mg of protein), we found neutral antagonists, partial agonists, and inverse agonists. The majority of neutral antagonists belong to the benzodioxanyl ketone class, whereas partial agonists belong to different chemical classes. We found only two inverse agonists, GR 125487 and SB 207266, which are both indoles. Analysis of pharmacological characteristics of the constitutively active wild-type and constitutively active mutated receptors revealed that 1) the ratio between the efficiencies of the full agonist 5-HT and the partial agonist RS 23597 was invariable when the receptor density increased, but was dependent on receptor structure; 2) similarly, the efficacy of the inverse agonist SB 207266 was not dependent on receptor density but was dependent on receptor structure; 3) when the receptor concentration increased, the EC(50) values of the full agonist 5-HT were not modified and the increase in basal constitutive activity, as well as its stimulation by 5-HT, followed a parallel evolution; and 4) the stimulation of basal constitutive activity by 5-HT was not modified by the overexpression of Galphas. All these results indicate that in COS-7 cells, the coupling of the 5-HT(4) receptor to adenylyl cyclase was linear with no indication of spare receptors even at high receptor density (8 pmol/mg). These results are also in accordance with a precoupling between the activated receptor (f(R*)) and adenylyl cyclase. Such observations allowed us to use the two-state model to calculate the constant J, i.e., the equilibrium allosteric constant denoting the ratio of the receptor in the inactive versus active state (J = [R]/[R*]). We found that J was a receptor structural characteristic, independent of receptor density.
Immunity to MHC class I antigen after direct DNA transfer into skeletal muscle.

Plasmid cDNA encoding the alpha-chain of either membrane-bound (pcRT.45) or secreted (pcRQ.B3) RT1Aa MHC class I Ag were transferred to Lewis (RT1(1)) rat skeletal muscle by direct injection. Rats were challenged 7 days later with an ACI (RT1a) heterotropic heart transplant, and cardiac allograft survival, RT1Aa-specific antibody levels, and frequency of ACI-specific CTL were monitored. Graft rejection was accelerated by > or = 2 days in an Ag-specific and dose-dependent manner in pcRT.45-injected rats. The pcRQ.B3-injected rats also rejected grafts more rapidly; however, graft rejection was accelerated by only 1 day, and graft infiltrates were less pronounced than in pcRT.45-injected rats. Injection of pcRT.45 resulted in an increase in ACI-specific CTL precursor frequency 3 days post-transplant, whereas there was no significant change in rats pretreated with pcRQ.B3 injection. Compared with rats injected with a control plasmid encoding firefly luciferase, transfer of pcRT.45 resulted in an increase in RT1Aa-specific IgG and IgM antibody 3 days after heart transplantation. Transfer of pcRQ.B3 resulted in a similar mean increase in RT1Aa-specific IgG and IgM antibody after transplantation, but the variability from rat to rat was greater, with some animals exhibiting strong priming, and others showing little or no priming by gene injection. Our results suggest that skeletal muscle can express either membrane-bound or secreted MHC class I Ag after gene transfer, but that the membrane-bound form is more immunogenic than the secreted form in the high responder Lewis rat. Direct DNA transfer to skeletal muscle provides a rapid and specific approach to studying immunity to allogeneic MHC Ag.
Validation of the Co-occurring Disorder Quadrant Model

Abstract The co-occurring disorders quadrant model has been used as a framework for characterizing the heterogeneity in persons with low- and high-severity substance use and psychiatric disorders. This study investigated the validity and stability of the quadrant model in 155 adults who presented to one county hospital with psychiatric, substance use, or medical complaints. Quadrant placement was defined using data that is routinely gathered in clinical care or available in administrative data sets (i.e., substance dependence diagnosis, Global Assessment of Functioning scores). Fifty-four percent (n = 84) of study participants were categorized into quadrant IV (high-severity psychiatric/substance use), followed by quadrant I (low-severity psychiatric/substance use) (n = 32, 21%), quadrant II (high-severity psychiatric & low-severity substance use) (n = 25, 16%), and quadrant III (low-severity psychiatric & high-severity substance use) (n = 14, 9%). Quadrant placement was correlated with psychiatric and/or substance use diagnoses, psychiatric symptom severity, drug/alcohol toxicology and psychiatric and substance use health utilization, supporting the concurrent validity of the model. Initial quadrant placement was correlated with validity measures administered at three-month follow-up supporting predictive validity of the model. Initial and follow-up quadrant placement was significantly correlated suggesting stability of the quadrant model. Data support the validity of the quadrant model for application in clinical and administrative purposes.
Clinical methods for quantifying body segment posture: a literature review

Purpose. Clinicians commonly assess posture in persons with musculoskeletal disorders and tend to do so subjectively. Evidence-based practice requires the use of valid, reliable and sensitive tools to monitor treatment effectiveness. The purpose of this article was to determine which methods were used to assess posture quantitatively in a clinical setting and to identify psychometric properties of posture indices measured from these methods or tools. Methods. We conducted a comprehensive literature review. Pertinent databases were used to search for articles on quantitative clinical assessment of posture. Searching keywords were related to posture and assessment, scoliosis, back pain, reliability, validity and different body segments. Results. We identified 65 articles with angle and distance posture indices that corresponded to our search criteria. Several studies showed good intra- and inter-rater reliability for measurements taken directly on the persons (e.g., goniometer, inclinometer, flexible curve and tape measurement) or from photographs, but the validity of these measurements was not always demonstrated. Conclusion. Taking measurements of all body angles directly on the person is a lengthy process and may affect the reliability of the measurements. Measurement of body angles from photographs may be the most accurate and rapid way to assess global posture quantitatively in a clinical setting.
Discovering sound effect on visual memory performance based on electroencephalography

Nowadays, there are a quite study on human memory either in investigating it function, factors affect it performance and it relation with the cognitive ability. But only a few of the studies was discussed based on brain activity. Most of the study only focused on the correct response or score result of the task. Thus, this present study aims to improve the limitations. The brain response is investigates during memorization based on electroencephalography (EEG) analysis. EEG is an imaging technique that able to record the brain electrical signal in a short time. The visual working memory task with two difficulty level (easy and difficult) was preferred for experiment. Sixty healthy subjects were required to memorize the visual task at three different conditions; silent and listening to Mozart music k448 and pure white noise in 2 minutes. The sound intensity was controlled at 40 to 55 dB to minimize the effect of volume on subject. There were two measurements which were memorizing test score and brain activity was used to evaluate the memory performance of the subject. During memorizing process, the brain activity was recorded using 10–20 electrode placement system of Neurofax 9200 EEG acquisition machine. The Fp1, Fz, F8, T3, T4, T5, T6, Pz, O1 and O2 channels were selected for analyzing process by using MATLAB software. The wavelet approach was used to process the raw EEG data. Based on the result, it showed that the memory performance was influenced when the environmental condition was changing. Different pattern of EEG signal has been found for different conditions based on the relative power of frequency band.
An improved multi-class SVM algorithm and its application to the credit scoring model

On the basis of the traditional SVM principle and a "one-by-one" classifier constructing strategy, a new multi-class SVM, named Binary Tree Multistage Support Vector Machine (BTMSVM), is proposed. This classifier is simple and results in less duplicating training samples. The credits of 96 listed companies of China in 2000 are evaluated with this SVM credit scoring model, and the simulation results show that a high classification accurate rate of up to 98.11% is attained.
MIMO Channel Estimation Using the Variational Expectation-Maximization Method

In this paper, the variational expectation-maximization (VEM) algorithm is used to provide channel estimates in a space-time decoder. The proposed estimator works for many types of space-time codes (STC), including full-rate full-diversity (FRFD) codes, Bell Laboratories layered space-time architecture (BLAST) and orthogonal STC's. The principle idea is to treat the channel coefficients as the unknown parameters, and the transmitted symbols as the unobserved variables in the EM algorithm. The posterior distribution of the symbols is approximated by a factorized distribution, whose Kullback-Liebler divergence with the true distribution is minimized, thereby explaining the ``variational'' aspect of the technique. The channel estimates may then be used for coherent decoding -- here we use the K-best detector for a 2×2 system. Simulation results show that the new channel estimator can reduce system complexity greatly compared with traditional schemes, while achieving near-ideal performance.
Unrelated donor cord blood transplantation for non‐malignant disorders in children and adolescents

This study analyzes the data reported to the Korean Cord Blood Registry between 1994 and 2008, involving children and adolescents with non‐malignant diseases. Sixty‐five patients were evaluated in this study: SAA (n = 24), iBMFS, (n = 16), and primary immune deficiency/inherited metabolic disorder (n = 25). The CI of neutrophil recovery was 73.3% on day 42. By day 100, the CI of acute grade II–IV graft‐versus‐host disease was 32.3%. At a median follow‐up of 71 months, five‐yr OS was 50.7%. The survival rate (37.5%) and CI of neutrophil engraftment (37.5%) were lowest in patients with iBMFS. Deaths were mainly due to infection, pulmonary complications, and hemorrhage. In a multivariate analysis, the presence of >3.91 × 105/kg of infused CD34 + cells was the only factor consistently identified as significantly associated with neutrophil engraftment (p = 0.04) and OS (p = 0.03). UCBT using optimal cell doses appears to be a feasible therapy for non‐malignant diseases in children and adolescents for whom there is no appropriate HLA‐matched related donor. Strategies to reduce transplant‐related toxicities would improve the outcomes of UCBT in non‐malignant diseases.
Vitreous humor in the pathologic scope: Insights from proteomic approaches

The vitreous humor (VH) is the largest component of the eye. It is a colorless, gelatinous, highly hydrated matrix that fills the posterior segment of the eye between the lens and retina in vertebrates. In VH, a diversity of proteins that can influence retinal physiology is present, including growth factors, hormones, proteins with transporter activity, and enzymes. More importantly, the protein composition of VH has been described as being altered in a number of disease states. Therefore, attempts aiming at establishing a map of VH proteins and detecting putative biomarkers for ocular illness or protein fluctuations with putative physiologic significance were conducted over the last two decades, using proteomic approaches. Proteomic strategies often involve gel‐based or LC techniques as sample fractioning approaches, subsequently coupled with MS procedures. This set of studies resulted in the proteomic characterization of a range of ocular disease samples, with particular incidence on diabetic retinopathy. However, practical therapeutic applications arising from these studies are scarce at the moment. A pertinent example of therapeutic targets arising from VH proteomics has emerged concerning vasoproliferative factors present in the vitreous, which should be involved in neovascularization and subsequent fibrovascular proliferation of the retina, in ocular disease context. Therefore, this review attempts to sum up the information acquired from the proteomic approaches to ocular disease conducted in VH samples, highlighting its clinical potential for disclosing ocular disease mechanisms and engendering pharmacological therapeutic treatments.
Crystal structure of 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-phenoxyazetidin-2-one

In the title compound, C22H18N2O5, the central β-lactam ring (r.m.s. deviation = 0.002 Å) makes dihedral angles of 64.21 (14), 82.35 (12) and 20.66 (13)° with the phenyl ring and the nitro- and methoxybenzene rings, respectively. The molecular structure is stabilized by an intramolecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bond. In the crystal, molecules are linked via C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming slabs lying parallel to (111). The slabs are linked via C—H⋯π interactions, forming a three-dimensional network.
Isolated left posterior fascicular block: A reliable marker for inferior myocardial infarction and associated severe coronary artery disease

The electrocardiographic (ECG) pattern of isolated left posterior fascicular block (LPFB) is a rare condition. It seems that true LPFB is often not recognized, whereas in cases of simple QRS axis of +60d̀ to+100d̀ in the frontal plane, the diagnosis of LPFB is made erroneously. Both facts rely on controversial and partially misleading opinions in the literature. Therefore, a retrospective and prospective study was performed in order to determine the prevalence of LPFB and to correlate its presence to the underlying disease. Retrospective study: Of a cohort of 830 patients referred in 1988 to a cardiologic laboratory for invasive investigation of certain or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD), 163 patients had an old inferior myocardial infarction (IMI). Nine patients (5.5%) showed the typical pattern of LPFB; eight of these had three‐vessel disease. The diagnosis of IMI had been made only in one case before entry of the patient into the hospital, since LPFB generally masks IMI. Prospective study: 2502 ECGs were investigated, 1710 from a department of cardiology and 792 from two departments of internal medicine. Six LPFBs were detected (0.24%), all associated with IMI and four of them with three‐vessel CAD. It is concluded that LPFB is a rare but clinically important intraventricular conduction disturbance. Its appearance is reliably connected with IMI and generally reflects severe three‐vessel CAD, requiring invasive investigation.
Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: bone-patellar tendon-bone compared with double semitendinosus and gracilis tendon grafts. A prospective, randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND The choice of graft for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is a matter of debate, with patellar and hamstring tendons being the two most popular autologous graft options. The objective of this study was to determine in a prospective, randomized clinical trial whether two grafts (bone-patellar tendon-bone or doubled hamstring tendons) fixed with modern devices affect the two-year minimum clinical and radiographic outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with a chronic unilateral rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament underwent arthroscopically assisted reconstruction with use of either autologous bone-patellar tendon-bone or doubled hamstring tendon grafts, in a strictly alternating manner. Both groups were comparable with regard to demographic data, preoperative activity level, mechanism of injury, interval between the injury and the operation, and the amount of knee laxity present preoperatively. The same well-proven surgical technique and aggressive controlled rehabilitation was used. An independent observer, who was blinded with regard to the involved leg and the type of graft, performed the outcome assessment with use of a visual analog scale, the new International Knee Documentation Committee form, the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, the Functional Knee Score for Anterior Knee Pain, and an arthrometric and an isokinetic dynamometric evaluation. Radiographs were also made. RESULTS At the two-year follow-up evaluation, no differences were found in terms of the visual analog score, the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, the new International Knee Documentation Committee subjective and objective evaluation scores, the KT-1000 side-to-side laxity measurements, the Functional Knee Score for Anterior Knee Pain, muscle strength recovery, or return to sports activities. In the bone-patellar tendon-bone group, we found a higher prevalence of postoperative kneeling discomfort (p < 0.01) and an increased area of decreased skin sensitivity (p < 0.001). In the hamstring tendon group, we recorded a higher prevalence of femoral tunnel widening (p < 0.01). In this group, a correlation was also found between medial meniscectomy and an increased prevalence of pivot-shift glide (p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS We believe that, with use of accurate and proven surgical and rehabilitation techniques, both grafts are an equivalent option for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
HSICT: A method for romoving highlight and shading in color image

In this paper, the problem of removing highlight and shading in color image is addressed, and a novel method called highlight and shading invariant color transform (HSICT) is proposed for this purpose. HSICT can be accomplished in a process of three steps: (1) Illumination color estimation is achieved by using two different color distributions; (2) A linear transform is applied to eliminate the influence of highlight; (3) The effect of shading is removed by normalization. Experiments illustrate that HSICT can not only effectively remove highlight and shading in color image, but also can be easily combined with other algorithms in many fields, such as segmentation and edge detection.