Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Development of an Obesity Prevention and Management Program for Children and Adolescents in a Rural Setting

This study1 applied theory-based health behavior change constructs to childhood obesity prevention. Constructs such as goal setting, self-efficacy, and readiness for change were used within a rural community-based program designed to be developmentally appropriate for 6th graders. The project included 2 studies across 12 months. The 1st assessed the scope of the obesity problem within a 3-county area with key stakeholders in health and education. The 2nd implemented a pilot community intervention program within a rural middle school. Participants in the intervention included 65 middle-school students and the families of 25 of these students. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted to assess the effectiveness of the intervention. Changes from pre- to postintervention on relevant measures were statistically significant for families but not for students. Issues related to family versus individual behavior change are discussed, along with implications for managing behaviorally based activity and nutrition interventions within a rural community.
The stability of laminar symmetric separated wakes

Time-dependent computations of the two-dimensional incompressible uniform-velocity laminar flow past a normal flat plate (of unit half-width) in a channel are presented. Attention is restricted to cases in which the well-known anti-symmetric (von Kármán-type) vortex shedding is suppressed by the imposition of a symmetry plane on the downstream plate centreline. With a further symmetry plane at the channel's upper boundary, the only two governing parameters in the problem are the channel half-width, $H$, and the Reynolds number, $Re$ (based on the body half-width and the upstream velocity, $U$). The former is restricted to the range $3\,{\leq}\, H \,{\leq}\,30$ and the interest lies in determining the nature of the initial instability which occurs in the separated wake as $Re$ is gradually increased. It is found that for sufficiently large $H$ and at a critical $Re$, a long-time-scale global (supercritical) instability is initiated, which in its saturated (limit) state takes the form of ‘lumps’ of vorticity being periodically shed from the tail end of the separated bubble. Stability calculations of corresponding mean flow profiles (typical of those found in the separated wake) are undertaken by examining the impulse response of particular profiles via appropriate solution of the Orr–Sommerfeld equation. The results of this analysis extend those available from related published work and are consistent with the behaviour found from the numerical computations. Taken together, all the results suggest that this type of global instability may be generic to many kinds of separated wakes and, indeed, may provide the fundamental explanation for the very low-frequency oscillations often noticed in fully turbulent wake bubbles.
OOGENESIS IN RABBITS.

Oogenesis in rabbits was investigated by examining the development of germ cells after birth. The transformation of oogonia to oocytes begins in the one day old animal. The appearance of the different stages of meiotic prophase was noted and their differential distribution in the germ cell population determined. The early stages of meiotic prophase develop within the first two weeks of life, however, they are transitory and have transformed into the “stationary” phase of prophase by the end of the third week of life, when all nuclei of oocytes are in diplotene. DNA synthesis in germ cells was studied with the aid of H3-thymidine, which was injected into animals within the first ten days of life. The number of labeled germ cells varies with the age of the animal at the time of injection. Injection between the day of birth and the age of four days results in the labeling of 20 to 35% of the germ cells. After this age the labeling index falls, reaching 3% in the ten day old animal. The synthesis of the oocyte DNA takes place in the premeiotic interphase and may extend into the early phase of prophase, i.e. leptotene.
Uneven Image Point Distribution in Camera Pre-Calibration and its Effects on 3 D Reconstruction Errors

In camera pre-calibration, images of a calibration object are commonly used to determine the internal geometry of a camera. The calibration imaging is often optimized to have the calibration object cover as large image area as possible. This is likely to yield a larger concentration of measured image points near the center of the image sensor. In this report, the hypothesis is investigated that this non-uniform image point distribution results in a sub-optimal calibration. An area-based reweighting scheme is suggested to improve the calibration. Additionally, the effect of a choice between a 2D and a 3D calibration object is investigated. A simulation study was performed where both a standard and area-weighted pre-calibration scheme was used in a parallel and a convergent scene. The estimated uncertainty and true errors were computed and compared to the first order predictions and results of perfect calibrations. The area-based calibration showed no reduction in estimation errors. Furthermore, the 3D calibration object did not give a noticeable improvement. However, for the standard and area-based calibrations, the true errors surpassed the estimated uncertainties by up to 26 and 58 percent, respectively.
Spontaneous multiquantal release at synapses in guinea‐pig hypogastric ganglia: evidence that release can occur in bursts.

1. A study was made of some properties of the spontaneous synaptic potentials recorded in cells of the hypogastric ganglia of guinea‐pigs. 2. The distribution of the amplitudes of the spontaneous synaptic potentials arising from a single preganglionic fibre was found to be multimodal, with peaks at roughly integral multiples of a unit peak. 3. It was found that the amplitudes of the larger spontaneous potentials were consistent with them being the result of synchronous or near‐synchronous release of two or more unit‐sized quanta (multiquantal release). 4. The proportion of multiquantal potentials observed was found to be dependent on the extracellular calcium ion concentration. 5. When the stochastic properties of the spontaneous potentials were examined, it was found that the spontaneous release process was not random and independent but appeared to be clustered. Indeed, the probability of occurrence of a unit spontaneous synaptic potential was greatly enhanced during the 40‐‐60 msec immediately following any given spontaneous synaptic potential. 6. When unit spontaneous potentials were excluded from the analysis, the multiquantal potentials were still found to be clustered although the clustering was less marked than that seen in the over‐all process. 7. These results suggested that the multiquantal spontaneous potentials arose from the release of unit quanta in short high frequency bursts and it was found that a mathematical model incorporating such a mechanism could describe the spontaneous quantal release process.
Polypharmacy in psychiatric out-patient practice in northern Nigeria.

OBJECTIVE To describe and analyze patterns of polypharmacy among psychiatric outpatients in northern Nigeria and identify predictors of psychotropic polypharmacy. METHOD A cross-sectional study, using chart review of new patients at out-patient clinics of two regional psychiatric hospitals in northern Nigeria,measuring rates, patterns and predictors of psychotropic polypharmacy. RESULTS A total of 278 patients were seen, of whom 92%were given two or more psychotropic agents.The pattern of psychotropic polypharmacy revealed that total, multi-class and adjunctive polypharmacy rates were high, while augmentation and same class polypharmacy rates were low. Age of respondent and diagnosis were the factors associated with total polypharmacy. CONCLUSION The complex interplay of factors influencing physician prescription practices requires that a more pragmatic approach be adopted in efforts to curtail polypharmacy practice, rather than a wholesale, absolute condemnation of the practice.
Isolation and Characterization of Tubules and Plasma Membranes from Cytophaga columnaris

Tubular structures are released from cells of Cytophaga columnaris after lysis of the cells. To determine the nature of these tubules, they were purified and their composition was determined. Tubules were isolated after treating cell lysates with 1.0% sodium dodecyl sulfate at pH 8.1, which solubilizes all structural components except tubules. Plasma membranes from the same organism were isolated by discontinuous sucrose gradient centrifugation of lysed cells. Both tubules and membranes are composed of lipids and proteins. Lipids extracted from tubules and plasma membranes produced similar patterns when examined by thin-layer chromatography. Proteins solubilized from membranes were separated into 14 bands by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, whereas those solubilized from tubules separated into only 5 bands. The presence of lipids in tubules from C. columnaris supports the idea that they are derived from membranes of intact cells. In this respect they are similar to tubules produced by cells of Clostridium botulinum and different from other tubular structures (“rhapidosomes”) found in cells of Saprospira grandis.
Photograph and model use within an online auction page for influencing buyer's bidding behavior

– This paper concentrates on the visual information within a product description block in an online auction page, which is the only place a seller can manipulate to influence bidders. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of photograph use, model use, and the physical attractiveness of the model on bidding behavior. , – A mock online auction website was built to manipulate picture use, model use, and the physical attractiveness of the model. The experiment recruited volunteers and randomly assigned each participant into one of four treatments. After experiencing the stimulus for two minutes, the researchers asked participants to evaluate their bidding intention and write down the highest price they would bid. , – The results show that using a photograph to introduce the product acquires a higher bidding intention and bidding amount than not using a photograph. In addition, a web page using physically attractive models in photographs acquires a higher bidding intention and bidding price than a web page using physically unattractive models in photographs. , – This study is unique in discussing the effect of the visual content of the product description block on online bidding behavior. The results of this study provide suggestions and a product information presentation strategy for online auction sellers.
FuRMAS: triggering myoblast fusion in Drosophila

In Drosophila, as in mammals, myoblast fusion is fundamental for development. This fusion process has two distinct phases that share common ultrastructural features and at least some molecular players between Drosophila and vertebrates. Here, we integrate the latest data on the key molecular players and ultrastructural features found during myoblast fusion into a new working model to explain this fundamental cellular process. At cell–cell contact sites, a protein complex (FuRMAS) serves as a signalling centre and might restrict the area of membrane fusion. The FuRMAS consists of a ring of cell adhesion molecules, signalling proteins, and F‐actin. Regulated F‐actin branching plays a pivotal role in myoblast fusion with regard to vesicle transport, fusion pore formation, and expansion as well as the integration of the fusion‐competent myoblast into the growing myotube. Interestingly, local F‐actin accumulation is a typical feature of other transient adhesive structures such as the immunological synapse, podosomes, and invadopodia. Developmental Dynamics 238:1513–1525, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fatigue crack closure: a review of the physical phenomena

Abstract Plasticity‐induced, roughness‐induced and oxide‐induced crack closures are reviewed. Special attention is devoted to the physical origin, the consequences for the experimental determination and the prediction of the effective crack driving force for fatigue crack propagation. Plasticity‐induced crack closure under plane stress and plane strain conditions require, in principle, a different explanation; however, both types are predictable. This is even the case in the transition region from the plane strain to the plane stress state and all types of loading conditions including constant and variable amplitude loading, the short crack case or the transition from small‐scale to large‐scale yielding. In contrast, the prediction of roughness‐induced and oxide‐induced closures is not as straightforward.
Exploiting Hetero-Junctions to Improve the Performance of III–V Nanowire Tunnel-FETs

This paper presents full-quantum 3-D simulations predicting the electrical performance of nanowire tunnel-FETs based on III-V hetero-junctions. Our calculations exploit an eight-band k·p Hamiltonian within the nonequilibrium Green's functions formalism and include phonon scattering. It is shown that the on-current of GaSb/InAs hetero-junction tunnel-FETs is limited by quantum confinement effects on the bandstructure induced by the small nanowire diameter necessary to preserve an optimal electrostatic integrity at short gate lengths. To circumvent this problem, additional on-current improvements with no substantial subthreshold swing degradation can be achieved by engineering the source region through the insertion of an InAs/GaSb/InAs quantum well along the transport direction. Such a design option is predicted to provide on/off-current ratios larger than 107 even at VDD = 300 mV.
GABA release from cerebellar stellate cells is developmentally regulated by presynaptic GABAB receptors in a target‐cell‐specific manner

Transmitter release from boutons along a common axon is often regulated depending on the postsynaptic target. Here, GABA release from cerebellar stellate cells onto Purkinje cells and other stellate cells was examined in acute cerebellar slices of 2‐ and 4‐week‐old mice. Consistent with previous findings on action potential‐dependent GABA release, we found a developmental decrease in inhibitory inputs onto Purkinje cells but not onto stellate cells when recording miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs). Although amplitudes of mIPSCs were developmentally reduced in both cell types, mIPSC frequencies were decreased in Purkinje cells but were increased in stellate cells. Similarly, modulation of GABA release by presynaptic GABAB receptors changed during development in Purkinje cells but not in stellate cells, as demonstrated by the baclofen‐mediated depression of mIPSC frequency and evoked IPSC (eIPSC) amplitudes. The selectively diminished baclofen effect in 4‐week‐old Purkinje cells correlated with a selective downregulation of presynaptic GABAB receptors at stellate cell‐to‐Purkinje cell synapses observed by immunoelectron microscopy analysis. Thus, expression of GABAB receptors in stellate cell axons and presynaptic modulation of GABA release appear to change during development in a target‐cell‐specific manner.
Exact conformal-field-theory results on the multichannel Kondo effect: Single-fermion Green's function, self-energy, and resistivity.

A conformal-field-theory approach has recently been developed for quantum-impurity problems including the overscreened'' multichannel Kondo model. We present the details of our calculation of the single-fermion Green's function. The universal zero-temperature resistivity and leading temperature-dependent term are derived. Effects of particle-hole symmetry breaking are included. We also give our perturbative proof of the [ital g] theorem'' governing the change in residual entropy under a renormalization-group flow between two boundary fixed points.
Impure Science: AIDS, Activism, and the Politics of Knowledge

In the short, turbulent history of AIDS research and treatment, the boundaries between scientist insiders and lay outsiders have been crisscrossed to a degree never before seen in medical history. Steven Epstein's astute and readable investigation focuses on the critical question of 'how certainty is constructed or deconstructed', leading us through the views of medical researchers, activists, policy makers, and others to discover how knowledge about AIDS emerges out of what he calls 'credibility struggles'. Epstein shows the extent to which AIDS research has been a social and political phenomenon and how the AIDS movement has transformed biomedical research practices through its capacity to garner credibility by novel strategies. Epstein finds that non scientist AIDS activists have gained enough of a voice in the scientific world to shape NIH-sponsored research to a remarkable extent. Because of the blurring of roles and responsibilities, the production of biomedical knowledge about AIDS does not, he says, follow the pathways common to science; indeed, AIDS research can only be understood as a field that is unusually broad, public, and contested. He concludes by analyzing recent moves to democratize biomedicine, arguing that although AIDS activists have set the stage for new challenges to scientific authority, all social movements that seek to democratize expertise face unusual difficulties. Avoiding polemics and accusations, Epstein provides a benchmark account of the AIDS epidemic to date, one that will be as useful to activists, policy makers, and general readers as to sociologists, physicians, and scientists.
Different lighting processing and feature extraction methods for efficient face recognition

This study studies different lighting processing and feature extraction methods for efficient face recognition. The purpose is to find some robust face recognition methods by combining different feature extraction methods with illumination compensation. In this study, some typical illumination preprocessing approaches are reviewed including wavelet transformation, self-quotient image, Retinex, smoothing, discrete cosine transform normalisation in logarithm domain, homomorphic filter and local contrast enhancement. As the main contribution, this study proposes two efficient feature extraction methods for face recognition. One is an adaptive feature extraction (AFE) based on curvelet transform. The other is a feature extraction technique named two-dimensional principal component analysis (2DPCA) non-parametric analysis of 2D subspace (2DPCA + 2DNSA). Two groups of experiments are designed to verify the proposed methods. The first group of experimental results show that the proposed AFE methods have better performance than conventional methods. In the second group of experiments, each feature extraction method is combined with nine different lighting processing methods. The results show that the proposed 2DPCA + 2DNSA method is more robust to lighting processing than other methods. Experimental results also show that lighting processing contribution to face recognition are quite different for different face databases.
Prevalence of urethral Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae among asymptomatic, sexually active adolescent boys.

Le partage asymptomatique de C. trachomatis est frequent chez les garcons adolescent sexuellement actifs. Le taux d'isolement est comparable a celui d'un groupe de jeunes recrus de l'armee. Un taux eleve d'isolement a ete identifie chez les garcons de la Tren clinic qui dessert une population ouvriere de la classe moyenne. Par contre le partage asymptomatique de N. gonorrhoeae etait faible (1%)
Optimization of encoding specificity for the diagnosis of early AD: The RI-48 task

The aim of this study was to evaluate the discriminant validity of the RI-48 test, a shorter French version of the Category Cued Recall portion of the Double Memory Test developed initially by Buschke and colleagues (1997), in the diagnosis of mild and very mild Alzheimer disease (AD). The distinctive feature of the RI-48 task is that encoding specificity was increased by adding an immediate cued recall stage at the encoding phase. The results show that the RI-48 task seems to be well adapted to the clinical context and to have good psychometric properties, in particular a lack of a ceiling effect. Moreover, this task appears to be especially well suited for the diagnosis of both mild and very mild AD (sensitivity of 93% and 83.8%). From a more theoretical point of view, this study confirms the importance of optimizing the encoding specificity for the diagnosis of very mild AD, since the more encoding specificity is accentuated, the more discriminating power is increased for the diagnosis of very mild AD.
Fluvoxamine Inhibition and Carbamazepine Induction of the Metabolism of Clozapine: Evidence from a Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Service

Therapeutic drug monitoring data for clozapine were used to study interactions with other drugs. The distribution of the ratio concentration/dose (C/D) of clozapine was compared in four matched groups—patients simultaneously treated with benzodiazepines, patients on drugs that inhibit the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2D6, patients taking carbamazepine, and those not taking any of these drugs. No difference was seen among the monotherapy, CYP2D6, and benzodiazepine groups. Patients on carbamazepine had a mean 50% lower C/D than the monotherapy group (p < 0.001), indicating that carbamazepine is an inducer of the metabolism of clozapine. The C/D was inversely correlated to the daily dose of carbamazepine. Intraindividual comparisons in eight patients, with analyses both on and off carbamazepine, confirmed a substantial decrease of the clozapine concentration when carbamazepine was introduced. Four patients treated with clozapine were concomitantly given the antidepressant fluvoxamine. Three of them exhibited a much higher C/D ratio when on fluvoxamine compared with the monotherapy group. Two had their clozapine levels analyzed when on and off fluvoxamine. The dose-normalized clozapine concentration increased by a factor of 5–10 when fluvoxamine was added. We conclude that carbamazepine causes decreased clozapine plasma levels, while fluvoxamine increases the levels. The pathways are not known with certainty, but CYP1A2 may be of major importance for the metabolism of clozapine, since fluvoxamine is a potent inhibitor of this enzyme. A recent panel study suggests that determination of CYP1A2 activity with the caffeine test may be very useful for the dosing of clozapine. The induction of clozapine metabolism by carbamazepine might be partly mediated by CYP3A4.
Resolution and Clause-Learning with Restarts for Signed CNF Formulas.

Motivated by the question of how to e � ciently do model ﬁnding or theorem proving for multi-valued logics, we study the relative reasoning power of resolution proofs and a natural family of model-ﬁnding algorithms for Signed CNF Formulas. The conﬂict-driven clause learning (CDCL) algorithm for SAT is the basis of model ﬁnding software systems (SAT solvers) that have impressive performance on many families of propositional formulas. CDCL with restarts (CDCL-R) has been shown to have essentially the same reasoning power as un-restricted propositional resolution. More precisely, they p-simulate each other. We show that this property generalizes to two families of Signed CNF formulas, those with unrestricted signs, and those where the truth value set is a lattice and all signs are regular. We show that a natural generalization of CDCL-R to these formulas has essentially the same reasoning power as natural generalizations of resolution found in the literature. Moreover, the algorithm e � ciently simulates bounded width resolution in these systems. These families of signed formulas are possible reduction targets for a number of multi-valued logics, and thus this algorithm has potential as a basis for e � cient implemented reasoning systems for many multi-valued logics.