Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional finite element model of the drilling process used for fixation of Salter–Harris type-3 fractures by using a K-wire

Abstract. In this study, the drilling process was performed with Kirschner wire (K-wire) for stabilization after reduction of Salter–Harris (SH) type-3 epiphyseal fractures of distal femur. The study was investigated both experimentally and numerically. The numerical analyses were performed with finite element method (FEM), using DEFORM-3D software. Some conditions such as friction, material model and load and boundary must be identified exactly while using FEM. At the same time, an analytic model and software were developed, which calculate the process parameters such as drilling power and thrust power, heat transfer coefficients and friction coefficient between tool–chip interface in order to identify the temperature distributions occurring in the K-wire and bone model (Keklikoǧlu Plastik San.) material during the drilling process. Experimental results and analysis results have been found as consistent with each other. The main cutting force, thrust force, bone model temperature and K-wire temperature were measured as 80° N, 120° N, 69 °C and 61 °C for 400 rpm in experimental studies. The main cutting force, thrust force, bone model temperature and K-wire temperature were measured as 65° N, 87° N, 91 °C and 82 °C for 800 rpm in experimental studies. The main cutting force, thrust force, bone model temperature and K-wire temperature were measured as 85° N, 127° N, 72 °C and 67 °C for 400 rpm in analysis studies. The main cutting force, thrust force, bone model temperature and K-wire temperature were measured as 69° N, 98° N, 83 °C and 76 °C for 800 rpm in analysis studies. A good consistency was obtained between experimental results and finite element analysis (FEA) results. This proved the validity of the software and finite element model. Thus, this model can be used reliably in such drilling processes.
Bose–Einstein condensate dark matter phase transition from finite temperature symmetry breaking of Klein–Gordon fields

In this paper, the thermal evolution of scalar field dark matter (SFDM) particles at finite cosmological temperatures is studied. Starting with a real SF in a thermal bath and using the one-loop quantum corrections potential, we rewrite Klein–Gordon’s equation in its hydrodynamical representation and study the phase transition of this SF due to a Z2 symmetry breaking of its potential. A very general version of a nonlinear Schrödinger equation is obtained. When introducing Madelung’s representation, the continuity and momentum equations for a non-ideal SFDM fluid are formulated, and the cosmological scenario with the SFDM described in analogy to an imperfect fluid is then considered where dissipative contributions are obtained in a natural way. Additional terms appear in the results compared to those in the classical version commonly used to describe the ΛCDM model, i.e., the ideal fluid. The equations and parameters that characterize the physical properties of the system such as its energy, momentum and viscous flow are related to the temperature of the system, scale factor, Hubble’s expansion parameter and the matter energy density. Finally, some details on how galaxy halos and smaller structures might be able to form by condensation of this SF are given.
The Perceptions of Teachers, Students and Parents on the Learning of a Mother Tongue by Bilingual Turkish Students (Nottingham and Leicester Supplementary Schools Cases, England)

It is important for bilingual children growing up in a foreign country to learn an L2 as it is to learn one’s family’s mother tongue; to learn and understand the L1 of that society, develop communication skills with relatives and learn their cultures’ values. This research investigates the learning of Turkish as a one’s family’s mother tongue (L2) by Turkish-English bilingual students living in Nottingham and Leicester. A qualitative research methodology was applied in this study. The data were collected from a total of 8 students between the ages of 5-6, 3 teachers and 11 parents at Nottingham and Leicester Turkish Supplementary schools. In order to gather data about learning techniques, semi-structured interviews and observation were carried out. The purpose of this study is to understand and explain the students’, parents’ and teachers’ views on bilingual Turkish students’ learning of their mother tongue at 5-6 years old. The findings show that the views of the parents’ and students’ on learning Turkish as an L2 as one’s family’s mother tongue are essential to supporting effective communication with their relatives, by using and learning Turkish and its culture. According to teachers, they, in common with others, say they intend to teach Turkish to students so they will be able to express themselves in their mother tongue and help them to acquire their own background’s cultural values. The research’s participants highlighted that their difficulties are with speaking and reading skills; as a possible solution, encouraging students to speak, read and write in Turkish, and watch Turkish media programmes in order to improve their productive skills is recommended. Keywords: Bilingualism, Turkish language learning, mother tongue, L1-L2
Development of Swim Lane Workflow Process Map for Sales and Inventory Workflow Management Information System: A Case Study of Petrospan Integrated Services, Eket, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

According to experts, sales workflow management system can impact overall sales effectiveness, vis-a-vis, improve the efficiency of sales people, accelerate sales follow-ups, increase sales and reduce costs. On the other hand, inventory management system can be used to avoid product overstock and outages by tracking inventory levels, orders, sales and deliveries. This paper identified the problems prevalent in the existing sales and inventory flow management system at Petrospan Integrated Services in Eket, Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria. Then, the analysis and design of a new sales and inventory workflow management system for the Petrospan Integrated Services was presented. The “as-is” sales and inventory workflow management system was first modelled using swim lane process flow map. Then, the swim lane process flow map was also used to develop the “to-be” or “should-be” sales and inventory workflow management system specifically to address the shortcomings of the “as-is” workflow management system as well as to facilitate the development and deployment of automated sales and inventory management workflow management system at Petrospan Integrated Services-Sales Eket.
Possible Indirect Effects of Mammal Hunting on Dung Beetle Assemblages in Panama

Hunting often impacts rain forest mammal communities but little is known about its indirect effects on other taxa. We examined dung beetle assemblages using pitfall and flight‐intercept traps at six rain forest sites in Panama that ranged in hunting intensity. Heavily hunted sites showed altered community composition, significantly fewer species (based on rarefaction), and lower abundances of dung beetles than did sites with little hunting. Our results suggest that intensive hunting affects nontarget forest taxa and is potentially altering ecosystem functioning.
High Order Sliding Mode Differentiator for Dynamical Inversion of Non-Involutive Systems

Abstract - This paper deals with the left inversion problem for a class of nonlinear systems. It is well-known that such problem is a challenging one because of the presence of non-smooth unknown inputs and non-involutivity of the forced fields' distribution. To overcome these difficulties, we first propose a novel left invertible form. Then, using this form, we design an observer in order to reconstruct the state and the control inputs. Numerical results are given in order to validate the proposed approach.
Creativity in Context : Content , Cost , Chance , and Collection in the Cultural Industries : Examples from the Film Industry

By combining economics, economic sociology, and economic geography literatures, the paper analyzes creativity at the industry level. It argues that the film industry is a paradigmatic example of how the organization of the cultural economy is shaped by balancing creativity with contextual issues. In the film industry, organization is far from determined only by creative concerns for content production: Issues of cost, chance and collection also play important roles. Through analyzing creativity and its context in the film industry, the paper explains the industry’s organization, and opens up for understanding its significant national and regional differences. Combining theoretical literature with literature on the film industry, the paper exemplifies how creativity, cost, chance and collection are balanced differently in different clusters. The analytical framework presented in the paper may also help to analyze creativity in other cultural industries.
Double Precaval Right Renal Arteries - Its Clinical Implications

Precaval renal artery is a rare but important variant of renal vascular anatomy and identifying this anomaly is important for planning of minimally invasive renal surgery. A sound knowledge of variations of blood vessels is important during operative diagnostic and endovascular procedures in the abdomen. This report describes the presence of double precaval right renal arteries with multiple left renal arteries from abdominal aorta in a 50 year old male cadaver. A good knowledge of vascular variations in relation to the kidneys is very important in kidney transplantation surgery. Anomalies determine the choice of kidney in renal allo-grafting and may disqualify a potential donor, even in the face of ostensibly normal renal function. Therefore this case report would serve as a ray of light for knowing the possible anatomical variations associated with the renal vasculature.
Optimasi Area Rangkaian Terintegrasi pada Router Jaringan On-Chip dengan Konsep Arsitektur Modular

Paper ini menunjukkan langkah-langkah optimasi struktur interkoneksi input-output (IO) pada router-router yang digunakan pada jaringan on-chip dalam aplikasi sistem prosesor multicore. Hasil optimasi ini akan memperkecil area rangkaian terintegrasi sehingga berpotensi menurunkan konsumsi daya statik dari rangkaian terintegrasi router jaringan on-chip. Dengan menggunakan kaidah aturan belokan aliran data (turn model) yang berlaku pada sebuah algoritma routing deterministik maupun algoritma routing adaptif, maka beberapa jalur data dan jalur-jalur sinyal kendali pada struktur interkoneksi IO dalam router dapat dihapuskan. Penghapusan jalur-jalur data dan sinyal kendali ini tidak mempengaruhi fungsionalitas dari router. Hasil optimasi menunjukkan bahwa router dengan algoritma routing deterministik dapat dioptimasi hingga mencapai efisiensi sebesar 21%, dimana proses sintesis rangkaian logika dari router tersebut menggunakan teknologi sel-sel logika standard (standard-cell technology) dengan fitur transistor CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Silicon) 130 nm. Kata-kata Kunci—Jaringan On-Chip, Testbench, Bahasa Deskripsi Perangkat Keras (VHDL), Algoritma Routing, Rangkaian Terintegrasi.
A Novel Nanometric Reversible Signed Divider with Overflow Checking Capability

One of the best approaches for designing future computers is that we use reversible logic. Reversible logic circuits have lower power consumption than the common circuits, used in computers nowadays. In this study we propose a new reversible division circuit. This reversible division circuit is signed divider and has an overflow checking capability. Among the designed and proposed reversible division circuits, our proposed division circuit is the first reversible signed divider with overflow checking capability which has been designed. In this circuit we use some reversible components like reversible parallel adder, reversible left-shift register, reversible multiplexer, reversible n-bit register and reversible n-bit register with parallel load line. In this paper all the scales are in the nanometric area.
Long term container volume forecasting: Decoupling gross domestic product and container movements

The correlation between container trade and economic growth is currently the most common relation used to forecast international trade container demand volumes. The article argues that there is a ceiling level in the propensity to containerise, as all the suitable volumes of the underlying commodities shift to containers over time. Also, the link between freight transport and gross domestic product (GDP) will decouple as more sustainable approaches to economic development and freight transport are necessitated by economic and environmental realities. A commodity-based model, that takes the underlying drivers of containerisation into account, is proposed as a more realistic forecast of container demand. Applying this model could materially influence large-scale investment decision making.
International Paretianism: A Defense

A treaty satisfies what we call International Paretianism if it advances the interests of all states that join it, so that no state is made worse off. The principle might seem obvious, but it rules out nearly all the major proposals for a climate treaty, including proposals advanced by academics and by government officials. We defend International Paretianism, and for that reason urge commentators in the debate over climate justice to abandon efforts to right past wrongs, redistribute wealth, and achieve other abstract ideals through a climate treaty.
Another look at Breadth of Ownership and Stock Returns

This paper revisits the results of Chen et al. (2002), which shows that the breadth of ownership, implemented as the number of mutual fund owners of a rm, is important for the crossection of asset returns. Their results are justi ed as implications of the classical model of short sales constraints by Miller (1977). Our Norwegian setting allows us to revisit this result using a better suited data set, since our database on the ownership of Norwegian equities covers monthly observations of the complete ownership structure over the period 1989 to 2003, a period of 14 years. Our data set also allows us to investigate alternative breadth measures, not just restricted to the mutual fund holdings used by Chen et al., such as total number of owners and ownership concentration. Our results show that the Chen et al. results are really about mutual funds trading. Quarterly mutual funds trades predict next quarters returns. However, broader breadth measures, such as the change in individual (private) owners, have opposite e ects. We show evidence that the channel through which the e ects happen is by the mutual funds selling to (new) individual investors, and not by an increase in ownership concentration. We nd that the quarterly e ect is not observed on a monthly horizon. We hypothesize that this may be due to short term e ects from the mutual fund's actual trading, since we observe a strong contemporaneous link between asset returns and mutual fund trading. Norwegian School of Management BI, Department of Financial Economics, 0442 Oslo, Norway. We are grateful to the Norwegian Research Council for research support. The paper has bene ted from comments from Loran Cholette and seminar participants at the 2005 French Finance Association Meetings, Instituto de Empresa in Madrid, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration (NHH) and the Norwegian Ministry of Finance. The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as re ecting those of Norges Bank. Another look at Breadth of Ownership and Stock Returns
Remarks on Palm Measures

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Bott maps and the complex projective plane: a construction of R. Wood's equivalences.

Let U(oo), O(oo) and Sp(oo) be the direct limits of the finite-dimen-sional unitary, orthogonal and symplectic groups under inclusion, and let P 2 C be the complex projective plane. Then, by a result of R. Wood in X-theory, there exist homotopy equivalences from U(oo) to the space of based maps P 2 C -> O(oo), and to the space of based maps P 2 C -> Sp(oo). In this paper we give an explicit construction of such homotopy equivalences, and prove Wood's theorem by using classical results of R. Bott and elementary homotopy theory.
Optimal Compensation with Induced Moral Hazard in Investment

We extend the principal-agent framework in the sense that the principal can neither verify the agent’s effort choice nor his investment strategy. In this setting, we provide a rationale for compensating the manager with equity based pay in a manner closely related to a call option. Moreover, contrary to the common belief, we show that maximizing the “incentives” by standard measures used in the finance literature induces the manager to an inoptimal investment and effort choice. Finally, benchmarking the manager’s compensation by market additional information turns out to be far from straightforward.
Implementation of Speech Recognition in Web Application for Sub Continental Language

— Speech recognition is the aptitude of a mechanism in the web application to identify voice instructions agree with the pattern stored in the glossary. Mainly two concepts are summarized in this paper: Hindi voice conversion into text and searching that text in web application like Google. Currently, Hidden Markov Model (HMMs) is used for Hindi voice recognition and its Toolkit is accustomed to identify Hindi language. It recognizes the isolated words using acoustic word model. The system is trained for many Hindi words. Training data has been collected from nine speakers. The experimental results show that the overall accuracy of the presented system with few states in HMM. This paper aims to build a speech recognition system for Hindi language and search Hindi text in web search engine. In addition the text can be search from the database server using application server. Such a design makes it truly practical to use text conversion and its searching over the internet.
The neural bases of framing effects in social dilemmas

Human behavior in social dilemmas is strongly framed by the social context, but the mechanisms underlying this framing effect remains poorly understood. To identify the behavioral and neural responses mediating framing of social interactions, subjects underwent functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging while playing a Prisoners Dilemma game. In separate neuroimaging sessions, the game was either framed as a cooperation game or a competition game. Social decisions where subjects were affected by the frame engaged the hippocampal formation, precuneus, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and lateral temporal gyrus. Among these regions, the engagement of the left hippocampus was further modulated by individual differences in empathy. Social decisions not adhering to the frame were associated with stronger engagement of the angular gyrus and trend increases in lateral orbitofrontal cortex, posterior intraparietal cortex, and temporopolar cortex. Our findings provide the first insight into the mechanisms underlying framing of behavior in social dilemmas, indicating increased engagement of the hippocampus and neocortical areas involved in memory, social reasoning and mentalizing when subjects make decisions that conform to the imposed social frame.
Bodies in Conflict: A Critical-Interpretive Analysis of Gulf War Syndrome

Introduction The host of medica l symptoms collectively referred to as Gul f Wa r Syndrome cannot be understood outside of th e soc ia l and po liti ca l contex ts from w hich have they emerged and continue to ex ist. Thi s paper will employ a critica l-interpreti ve approach in order to examine the individua l, social, and politi ca l bodies enmeshed in the symptoms attributed to Gul f Wa r Syndrome by veterans of the United States armed fo rces, illustrating the powerful and sa li ent linkages between each. Beginning with an anal ys is of the veterans' narrat ives, the emotions contained within each will be examined in order to reveal the li ved experi ence of the veterans affected by Gul f Wa r-related illnesses. Evidence of economi c strain due to a lack of consistent government compensation and employment, as well as emotional di stress and psychologica l dysfuncti on will be emphas ized. Social isolation of ill veterans will be shown to have ari sen from both. It will be demonstra ted that the symptoms and expl anati ons offe red by veterans are strongly influenced by the soc ial context in which they have materi ali zed. Concern that compromised mental hea lth may nega ti ve ly affect one ' s ca ree r and pe rceptions that acceptance of a stress di agnos is may also represent an omission of personal responsibili ty will be shown to be of parti cul ar importance. F1Il1her, organi c expl anati ons offered by veterans will be identi fied as an attempt to shift the responsibility fo r the ir suffering to the military conunand of the United States government. In parti cular, the use of drugs and vaccines not approved by the FDA, and exposure to pesticides known to cause neurologica l dysfu nction will be framed as negli gent. In additi on, a lac k of candour on beha lf of the Depal1ment of Veterans Affairs (VA) and Department of Defence
THE LICK–CARNEGIE SURVEY: FOUR NEW EXOPLANET CANDIDATES

We present new precise HIRES radial velocity (RV) data sets of five nearby stars obtained at Keck Observatory. HD 31253, HD 218566, HD 177830, HD 99492, and HD 74156 are host stars of spectral classes F through K and show RV variations consistent with new or additional planetary companions in Keplerian motion. The orbital parameters of the candidate planets in the five planetary systems span minimum masses of to , periods of 17.05–4696.95 days and eccentricities ranging from circular to extremely eccentric (e ≈ 0.63). The fifth star, HD 74156, was known to have both a 52 day and a 2500 day planet, and was claimed to also harbor a third planet at 336 days, in apparent support of the “Packed Planetary System” hypothesis. Our greatly expanded data set for HD 74156 provides strong confirmation of both the 52 day and 2500 day planets, but strongly contradicts the existence of a 336 day planet, and offers no significant evidence for any other planets in the system.