Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Eight Methods for Decomposing the Energy Intensity of China

Energy intensity is crucial to the development of a society. China experienced a dramatic decline in energy intensity from the onset of economic reform in the late 1970s. Decomposition methodology is a useful analytical tool in energy consumption and energy intensity analysis, to the best of our knowledge, no decomposition study has taken into account the price index. In this paper, we use the decomposition methods derived from economic index numbers to decompose the China’s energy intensity into structural change and efficiency change. The results show that technological change plays the dominant role in decreasing energy intensity in 1985-2005. According to research, the author suggests energy intensity reduction strategies should aim at structural adjustments and accelerate technological innovation. Keywords—energy intensity, logarithmic mean divisia index decomposition method(LMID), structural effect, efficiency effect
Microsomal metabolism of the terpene 1,8-cineole in the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula), koala (Phascolarctos cinereus), rat and human

1. This study reports on the pathways of metabolism and enzyme kinetics of the Eucalyptus terpene, 1,8-cineole, by liver microsomes from the brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) and koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) (animals that normally include this terpene in their diet), rat and human. 2. The rank order of the ability to metabolize 1,8-cineole with respect to overall 1,8-cineole intrinsic clearance (CL'int = Vmax/Km in µl mg protein-1 min-1) was koala (188) > possum (181) >>rat (28) > human (12). This order supports the hypothesis that adaptation to a Eucalyptus diet involves enhanced metabolism of terpenes. 3. The metabolism of 1,8-cineole was also studied in the liver from brushtail possum pretreated with a mixture of terpenes, which have previously been shown to induce cytochrome P450 enzymes. Rats were pretreated with the same mixture of terpenes or phenobarbitone. 4. Terpene pretreatment more than doubled the CL'int of 1,8-cineole by brushtail possum liver microsomes (from 180 to 394µl mgprotein-1 min-1) and increased rat CL'int by nearly 10-fold (from 28 to 259µl mgprotein-1 min-1), but still less than the induced possum value. However, phenobarbitone had the greatest inducing effect, increasing the rat CL'int to 1825µl mg protein-1 min-1. 5. A regioselective preference of oxidation was evident between adapted and nonadapted species. In rat and human oxidation was preferred at the aliphatic ring carbons over methyl substituents. In possum, many of the available carbons were utilized, however metabolism at methyl substituents was preferred. In the koala, oxidation occurred primarily at the methyl substituents.
Molecular analysis of PTEN and MXI1 in primary bladder carcinoma

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on 10q is associated with late‐stage events in urothelial neoplastic progression. The tumor suppressor gene PTEN, which is mutated or homozygously deleted in numerous cancers, maps to a region of 10q within the reported region of minimal loss in bladder tumors. In two recent studies alterations in the PTEN gene occur at a low frequency in bladder tumors displaying 10q LOH. We have screened 35 late‐stage bladder tumors for mutations in PTEN and MXI1, both genes mapping to chromosome 10q. Using single‐strand conformation polymorphism analysis, we identified 6 tumors harboring mutations in PTEN and 2 additional tumors displaying homozygous deletion at this locus. No MXI1 mutations were identified within the same tumor panel. Of 16 bladder tumor cell lines analyzed, 2 showed homozygous deletion of PTEN and 3 harbored point mutations resulting in an amino acid change. Two cell lines harbored missense mutations in MXI1. We report a significantly higher frequency of PTEN alterations in bladder carcinoma (23%) than was previously recorded, with no accompanying mutations in the MXI1 gene. Int. J. Cancer 88:620–625, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serum pro prostate specific antigen improves cancer detection compared to free and complexed prostate specific antigen in men with prostate specific antigen 2 to 4 ng/ml.

PURPOSE Pro prostate specific antigen (pPSA) is a precursor form of PSA enriched in tumor compared to benign prostate tissues that may be a more specific serum marker for prostate cancer. Serum pPSA was measured in the clinically relevant early detection PSA range of 2 to 10 ng/ml. MATERIALS AND METHODS Research use immunoassays were used to measure native and truncated forms of pPSA. The subject cohort contained 1,091 serum specimens from men enrolled in prostate cancer screening studies at 2 sites who had undergone prostate biopsy and were divided into PSA ranges of 2 to 4 ng/ml (benign 320, cancer 235) and 4 to 10 ng/ml (benign 315, cancer 221). RESULTS In PSA ranges 2 to 4, 2 to 6, 4 to 10 and 2 to 10 ng/ml, pPSA in a ratio with free PSA (%pPSA) gave the highest cancer specificity. At 2 to 4 ng/ml and 90% sensitivity, %pPSA spared 19% of unnecessary biopsies compared to 10% for free PSA and 11% for complexed PSA(p <0.001). Similar results were obtained at PSA 2 to 6 ng/ml. At 90% sensitivity in the PSA 4 to 10 ng/ml range, %pPSA spared 31% of unnecessary biopsies compared to 20% for % free PSA and 19% for complexed PSA (p <0.0001). In the combined 2 to 10 ng/ml range, %pPSA spared 21% of unnecessary biopsies compared to 13% for % free PSA and 9% for complexed PSA (p <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The %pPSA significantly improved specificity for cancer detection and decreased the number of unnecessary biopsies in the PSA 2 to 4 ng/ml range. This relative improvement of %pPSA compared to % free PSA and complexed PSA was maintained throughout the PSA range of 2 to 10 ng/ml.
Inhibition of focal adhesion kinase overcomes resistance of mantle cell lymphoma to ibrutinib in the bone marrow microenvironment

Mantle cell lymphoma and other lymphoma subtypes often spread to the bone marrow, and stromal interactions mediated by focal adhesion kinase frequently enhance survival and drug resistance of the lymphoma cells. To study the role of focal adhesion kinase in mantle cell lymphoma, immunohistochemistry of primary cases and functional analysis of mantle cell lymphoma cell lines and primary mantle cell lymphoma cells co-cultured with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) using small molecule inhibitors and RNAi-based focal adhesion kinase silencing was performed. We showed that focal adhesion kinase is highly expressed in bone marrow infiltrates of mantle cell lymphoma and in mantle cell lymphoma cell lines. Stroma-mediated activation of focal adhesion kinase led to activation of multiple kinases (AKT, p42/44 and NF-κB), that are important for prosurvival and proliferation signaling. Interestingly, RNAi-based focal adhesion kinase silencing or inhibition with small molecule inhibitors (FAKi) resulted in blockage of targeted cell invasion and induced apoptosis by inactivation of multiple signaling cascades, including the classic and alternative NF-κB pathway. In addition, the combined treatment of ibrutinib and FAKi was highly synergistic, and ibrutinib resistance of mantle cell lymphoma could be overcome. These data demonstrate that focal adhesion kinase is important for stroma-mediated survival and drug resistance in mantle cell lymphoma, providing indications for a targeted therapeutic strategy.
Design and Analysis of a New Fault-Tolerant Linear Permanent-Magnet Motor for Maglev Transportation Applications

This paper proposes a new fault-tolerant linear permanent-magnet (PM) motor, termed as fault-tolerant primary PM (FT-PPM) motor. The proposed motor offers high power density, high efficiency, high fault tolerance and low cost, suitable for maglev transportation applications. Both PMs and windings are set at the steering device of the train, while the only iron stator is fixed between two rails along the whole line. Meanwhile, the new motor topology incorporates the concept of fault-tolerant teeth (FTT) to provide the desired decoupling among phases. The electromagnetic performances are analyzed such as field distributions, inductances, back-EMFs and thrust force. Moreover, by adopting assistant mover teeth, two methods are proposed to reduce the end-effect. Furthermore, the short-circuit current is analytically derived and predicted. The finite-element analysis (FEA) and transient co-simulated results are given for verification.
Multiband receiver for base-station applications

In this paper, a design of an integrated receiver for base-station applications is presented. The receiver is targeted to cover all WCDMA bands and the WiMAX band below 4 GHz. The receiver includes RF front-end, 90-degree phase shifters and programmable baseband filters. The measured voltage gain and NF of the receiver at 2 GHz is 32 dB and 2.6 dB, respectively. The receiver is implemented using a 0.25-mum SiGe BiCMOS process and the power consumption is 432.5 mW from a 2.5 V supply.
Conditional Deletion of PDK1 in the Forebrain Causes Neuron Loss and Increased Apoptosis during Cortical Development

Decreased expression but increased activity of PDK1 has been observed in neurodegenerative disease. To study in vivo function of PDK1 in neuron survival during cortical development, we generate forebrain-specific PDK1 conditional knockout (cKO) mice. We demonstrate that PDK1 cKO mice display striking neuron loss and increased apoptosis. We report that PDK1 cKO mice exhibit deficits on several behavioral tasks. Moreover, PDK1 cKO mice show decreased activities for Akt and mTOR. These results highlight an essential role of endogenous PDK1 in the maintenance of neuronal survival during cortical development.
A Progressive Data Warehouse of Institutional Research with Web API and Mashup Visualization

We propose a progressive data warehouse which provides functions of operating statistics and their visualization for institutional research. The proposed data warehouse has a mashup programming environment with GUI and the users can share their programs. By sharing programs of data analysis, persons in charge of self-assessment seize an opportunity not only to create reports efficiently, but also to be able to improve their
Continued Risk of Relapse Independent of Treatment Modality in Limited-Stage Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Final and Long-Term Analysis of Southwest Oncology Group Study S8736.

PURPOSE Utility of combined-modality therapy for patients with limited-stage diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was shown in the Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) S8736 study, where three cycles of CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) plus radiotherapy (CHOP3RT) improved 5-year progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared with eight cycles of CHOP (CHOP8). Subsequent analysis showed an unexpected overlap of the PFS curves. We aimed to confirm and investigate this observation by performing long-term analysis of SWOG S8736 and evaluating these data alongside data from similar patients receiving rituximab and CHOP3RT (SWOG S0014 study). PATIENTS AND METHODS A subset of patients with limited-stage DLBCL randomly assigned to CHOP8 (n = 150) or CHOP3RT (n = 158) in S8736 was analyzed along with a 56-patient subset treated in S0014 for long-term PFS and OS. RESULTS Median follow-up in S8736 was 17.7 years. In patients receiving CHOP8 and CHOP3RT, median PFS was 12.0 (95% CI, 8.8 to 14.3) and 11.1 years (95% CI, 8.9 to 14.4), respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in PFS between the groups (P = .73). Median OS was 13.0 (95% CI, 10.4 to 15.2) and 13.7 years (95% CI, 11.1 to 19.4) for patients treated with CHOP8 and CHOP3RT, respectively. Similarly, there were no statistically significant differences in OS between the groups (P = .38). With a median follow-up time 12 years in S0014, 5- and 10-year OS were 82% and 67%, respectively, with a persistent pattern of relapse despite the addition of rituximab. CONCLUSION Although 5-year PFS and OS were improved after early analysis in patients with limited-stage DLBCL receiving CHOP3RT versus CHOP8, extended survival data showed similar PFS and OS, with continuous treatment failure. The addition of rituximab (S0014) to combined-modality therapy did not mitigate the continued relapse risk, underscoring the value of prolonged clinical trial patient observation and possible unique biology of limited-stage DLBCL.
Efiective Online Detection of Task-Independent Landmarks

One of the key problems in building adaptive autonomous agents is landmark detection. Landmarks can be used for efficient navigation as well as for developing hierarchical cognitive structures. Previous approaches to landmark detection often simply chose landmarks as the agent’s location after fixed intervals of time. Other approaches to landmark detection have focused on the reliability and ease of detection of landmarks. However, systems that use landmarks for hierarchy formations rely on a set of landmarks that provides a means for a concise and effective decomposition of the environment. We believe that such a decomposition is achieved most effectively by identifying transitions that partition the environment into relatively independent sub-regions. Using notions of surprise and consolidation via continued novelty, implemented by relatively simple statistics on the sensory inputs, we introduce an online landmark detection mechanism that reliably identifies landmarks that correspond to such transitions. Since the detected landmarks partition the environment into relatively independent subspaces, the resulting set of landmarks should be very useful for the formation of an online adaptive hierarchical problem decomposition enabling efficient hierarchical adaptation and cognition.
Postreplicative Formation of Cohesion Is Required for Repair and Induced by a Single DNA Break

Sister-chromatid cohesion, established during replication by the protein complex cohesin, is essential for both chromosome segregation and double-strand break (DSB) repair. Normally, cohesion formation is strictly limited to the S phase of the cell cycle, but DSBs can trigger cohesion also after DNA replication has been completed. The function of this damage-induced cohesion remains unknown. In this investigation, we show that damage-induced cohesion is essential for repair in postreplicative cells in yeast. Furthermore, it is established genome-wide after induction of a single DSB, and it is controlled by the DNA damage response and cohesin-regulating factors. We thus define a cohesion establishment pathway that is independent of DNA duplication and acts together with cohesion formed during replication in sister chromatid–based DSB repair.
Role of Neutrosophic Logic in

This paper presents a data mining process of single valued neutrosophic information. This approach gives a presentation of data analysis common to all applications. Data mining depends on two main elements, namely the concept of similarity and the machine learning framework. It describes a lot of real world applications for the domains namely mathematical, medical, educational, chemical, multimedia etc. There are two main types of indeterminacy in supervised learning: cognitive and statistical. Statistical indeterminacy deals with the random behavior of nature. All existing data mining techniques can handle the uncertainty that arises (or is assumed to arise) in the natural world from statistical variations or randomness. Cognitive uncertainty deals with human cognition. In real world problems for data mining, indeterminacy components may arise. Neutrosophic logic can handle this situation. In this paper, we have shown the role of single valued neutrosophic set logic in data mining. We also propose a data mining approach in single valued neutrosophic environment.
Sparsity-Aware Adaptive Learning: A Set Theoretic Estimation Approach

Abstract This paper reviews recent advances on online/adaptive sparsity-promoting algorithms. The emphasis is on on a recent family of schemes, which build upon convex analytic tools. The benefits of this algorithmic family is that it can easily deal with the existence of a set of convex constraints and also to bypass the need of differentiability of cost functions. It can thus deal well with notions related to robustness and their associated costs. Extensions to constraints, which are realized via mappings whose fixed point set are non-convex, are also discussed. The case of learning in a distributed fashion is also discussed.
Biomineralization and Biomimetic Synthesis of Biomineral and Nanomaterials

Biominerals and biomaterials with unique microstructure are mainly consisted of organic and inorganic materials, and exhibit excellent biological and mechanical properties. The formation mechanism of biomineral indicated that the organic matrixes have an important influence on the morphology and structure of the inorganic matrix material in the process of biomineralization. However, the biomineralization mechanism research of biomineral is still in the initial stage, many phenomena need to be further explored, such as the effect of organisms on the different morphologies and polymorphs of biominerals, the biomineralization mechanism of the formation process of the biomineral in the existence of organic matter. Biomineralization and biomimetic synthesis of biomineral and nanomaterials have been receiving considerable attention. Biomineralization is the formation process of mineral by organisms. Biomimetic synthesis is simulation of biomineralization, using the mechanism of biomineralization, to achieve biomineral and materials with special structure and function. In a word, biomimetic synthesis is learning from the mineralization of organisms and learning from nature. Therefore, we should understand the concepts, process, and mechanism of biomineralization, which was briefly reviewed in section one. Biomineral including calcium phosphate, hydroxyapatite (HA), calcium silicate, calcium carbonate, and calcium sulfate, are important calcium-based inorganic biodegradable materials and have been widely used in biomedical field. Biomineralization is the mineralization of biomineral. Biomimetic synthesis was first used in the fabrication of biomineral. So it is necessary to provide an overview of the biomimetic synthesis of biomineral. This chapter summarizes our recent endeavors on the biomimetic synthesis of biomineral including HA, calcium silicate, CaCO3, BaCO3, and SrCO3, etc. Biomineral synthesis includes morphology, structure, and function biomineral synthesis. It is well known that the structure determines property and the morphology is the external display of structure. Here, we intend to review recent progress in biomineral synthesis of other nanomaterials.
Amylolytic Activities in Cereal Seeds under Aerobic and Anaerobic Conditions

An adequate carbohydrate supply contributes to the survival of seeds under conditions of limited oxygen availability. The amount of soluble, readily fermentable carbohydrates in dry cereal seeds is usually very limited, with starch representing the main storage compound. Starch breakdown during the germination of cereal seeds is the result of the action of hydrolytic enzymes and only through the concerted action of [alpha]-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1), [beta]-amylase (EC 3.2.1.2), debranching enzyme (EC 3.2.1.41), and [alpha]-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) can starch be hydrolyzed completely. We present here data concerning the complete set of starch-degrading enzymes in three cereals, rice (Oryza sativa L.), which is tolerant to anaerobiosis, and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), which are unable to germinate under anoxia. Among the cereal seeds tested under anoxia, only rice is able to degrade nonboiled, soluble starch, reflecting the ability to degrade the starch granules in vivo. This is explained by the presence of the complete set of enzymes needed to degrade starch completely either as the result of de novo synthesis ([alpha]-amylase, [beta]-amylase) or activation of preexisting, inactive forms of the enzyme (debranching enzyme, [alpha]-glucosidase). These enzymes are either absent or inactive in wheat and barley seeds kept under anaerobic conditions.
An optimization framework of dendritic cells

The paradigm of a signal cascading network of Dendritic Cells (DCs) underpins T-cells priming in the human immune system, which is one of the critical cell-mediated components in the innate immunity. This study is motivated by the immunological behavior of DCs, intracellular signal processing, and the architecture of the aforementioned signal-driven network in the maturation and migration processes. In parallel with these immuno-features and problem-solving techniques, a distributed DC-inspired framework is developed for resolving optimization problems. In the context of the study, the capabilities of the proposed framework are experimented in a small-scale resources scheduling problem. As of the obtained results, sets of high-quality solutions are produced, which also provide significant insights for the further development of DC-mediated framework as presented in this paper.
Thymineless Death in Escherichia coli 15T− and Recombinants of 15T− and Escherichia coli K-12

Thymineless death was examined in Escherichia coli 15T− and recombinants of 15T− and E. coli K-12. Those strains that were very sensitive to thymine deprivation were also very sensitive to a variety of inducing agents (mitomycin C, ultraviolet light, hydroxyurea, and nalidixic acid). Those strains that were relatively resistant to thymineless death were also relatively resistant to the inducing agents. After exposure to thymineless death and the inducing agents, sensitive strains lysed, produced colicin, and had phage particles in their lysates. These strains also showed an increase in the 6-methyladenine content of their deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and an increase in the DNA methylase activity of their crude extracts under these conditions. None of these effects was noted in the strains relatively resistant to thymineless death and the inducing agents. These data indicate that there are two types of thymineless death. One is represented by the strains that are very sensitive to thymine deprivation and other inducing agents and is secondary to the induction of phage ψ. The strains more resistant to thymine deprivation and the other inducing agents undergo a non-phage-mediated thymineless death. The mechanism of this latter process is currently under study.
Quantification of Nuclear Protein Transport using Induced Heterodimerization

Trafficking of proteins between the cytoplasm and nucleus occurs exclusively across the nuclear pore complex of eucaryotic cells. Fundamental aspects of this process affect temporal and spatial parameters, the latter carried out by specific import [nuclear localization sequence (NLS)] and export [nuclear export sequence (NES)] sequences. In this study, we focused on the adaptation of a protein heterodimerization assay to kinetically measure Crm1‐mediated nuclear export in living cells using the rapalog AP21967, a heterodimerizing agent and NLS‐ and NES‐containing fusion proteins equipped with distinct AP21967‐specific binding motifs. In HeLa cells, we observed rapid nuclear export of the NLS‐containing fusion protein in the presence of AP21967, with the extent of this process being a function of the number of AP21967‐binding motifs. AP21967‐induced nuclear export was specifically inhibited by the Crm1‐binding molecule leptomycin B. Half maximal export was achieved after ∼ 10 min. We further applied protein heterodimerization in HeLa cells to study induced NLS‐mediated nuclear import. Only in the presence of heterodimerizer AP21967 nuclear import of a cytoplasmically localizing fusion protein was observed. Induced protein heterodimerization is thus a valuable tool to quantitatively study nucleocytoplasmic protein trafficking in cultured cells, in a non‐invasive, time‐saving manner.