Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
bla VIM-2 Cassette-Containing Novel Integrons in Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas putida Isolates Disseminated in a Korean Hospital

ABSTRACT We investigated the phenotypic and genetic properties of metallo-β-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas isolates collected at a tertiary-care hospital in Korea since 1995. The prevalence of imipenem resistance among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates reached 16% in 1997, when 9% of the resistant organisms were found to produce VIM-2 β-lactamase, a class B enzyme previously found only in P. aeruginosa isolates from Europe. VIM-2-producing isolates of Pseudomonas putida were also detected. Resistance was transferable from both these species to P. aeruginosa PAO4089Rp by filter mating, although the resistance determinant could not be found on any detectable plasmid. Serotyping showed that many of the VIM-2-producing P. aeruginosa isolates belonged to serotypes O:11 and O:12, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of XbaI-digested genomic DNA revealed that many had identical profiles, whereas the P. putida isolates were diverse. Sequencing showed that the blaVIM-2 genes resided as cassettes in class 1 integrons. In contrast to previous VIM-encoding integrons, the integron sequenced from a P. aeruginosa isolate had blaVIM located downstream of a variant of aacA4. blaVIM also lay in a class 1 integron in a representative P. putida strain, but the organization of this integron was different from that sequenced from the P. aeruginosa strain. In conclusion, the metallo-β-lactamase produced by these imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas isolates was VIM-2, and the accumulation of producers reflected clonal dissemination as well as horizontal spread. Strict measures are required in order to control a further spread of resistance.
Time-frequency joint coding method for boosting information transfer rate in an SSVEP based BCI system

Steady-State Visual Evoked Potential (SSVEP) based Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) system is an important BCI modality. It has advantages such as ease of use, little training and high Information Transfer Rate (ITR). Traditional SSVEP based BCI systems are based on the Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) approach in telecommunications. Recently, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) was also introduced to SSVEP based BCI to enhance the system performance. This study designed a new time-frequency joint coding method to utilize the information coding from both time and frequency domains. TDMA using Different Frequency (DF) mode and Same Frequency (SF) mode were compared to the traditional FDMA mode in the offline experiment. The result showed that the DF mode had better performance than the other two modes. The mean and the standard deviation of accuracy and ITR of the online experiment was 83.3%±5.5% and 130.3 + 14.9 bits/min (trial time: 1.25s) and 92.0%±7.5% and 136.6 + 19.8 bit/min (trial time: 1.5s). The average typing speed for the word-copy spelling task was 14.9 characters per minute (cpm) (trial time: 1.25s) and 14.8 cpm (trial time: 1.5s). The overall results demonstrate the feasibility and advantage of the proposed time-frequency joint coding method.
Influence of ambient and test conditions on insulation resistance/polarization index in HV electrical machines– a survey

Ambient and test conditions can affect the analysis results of the insulation system testing in high voltage (HV) electrical machines. In this context, insulation resistance (IR) and polarization index (PI) are two common techniques for winding insulation assessment in offline mode. This paper investigates the influence of main parameters that affects IR/PI tests results. Temperature, humidity, and pressure are the wellknown environmental parameters which could affect dielectric parameters of insulation such as IR and PI. On the other side, test voltage level and voltage polarities connections are two prominent factors in sampling the resistance during the test. Moreover, the insulation resistance value depends on the type of fault and its severity. The variations of insulation resistance with considering the mentioned parameters are evaluated in this paper, to study the possible correlation between IR/PI and changes in other parameters. It was found that with taking the effective parameters into account, the accurate and reliable insulation test interpretation can be achieved in HV electrical machines. A comprehensive review of literature was done and industry experts were surveyed for their ideas and experience under a research project. The main results are summarized in this paper.
Change in embryonic eye size and retinal cell proliferation following intravitreal injection of glycosaminoglycans.

PURPOSE The vitreous body (VB) is a transparent, extracellular matrix structure that fills the vitreous cavity of the eye. Major constituents of the VB are hyaluronic acid (HA) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), both of which are highly charged, linear carbohydrate polymers. The present experiments investigate a possible role of HA and GAGs in regulating eye size during development and investigate whether changes in eye size are synchronized with cell proliferation in the retina. METHODS Chondroitin sulfate (CS), heparan sulfate (HS), heparin (Hep), dextran sulfate (DexS), and HA were injected into the vitreous cavity of embryonic day 5 chick embryos. Eye size was assessed 1 to 5 days after the injections. Cell counts and BrdU labeling established whether changes in eye size were paralleled by an increase or a decrease in retinal cell proliferation. RESULTS Injection of CS and HS led to an increase in eye size that was accompanied by a similar increase in retinal cell numbers. Hep and DexS injections led to a decrease in eye size that had no impact on cell proliferation in the retina. HA application had no effect on eye size. CONCLUSIONS The changes in eye size after intravitreal application of GAGs demonstrate that the composition of the VB can play an important role in the regulation of eye size during embryogenesis. The fact that retinal cell proliferation is elevated after an increase in eye size indicates a regulatory role of eye size for retinal cell numbers.
Towards Machine Intelligence

There exists a theory of a single general-purpose learning algorithm which could explain the principles of its operation. This theory assumes that the brain has some initial rough architecture, a small library of simple innate circuits which are prewired at birth and proposes that all significant mental algorithms can be learned. Given current understanding and observations, this paper reviews and lists the ingredients of such an algorithm from both architectural and functional perspectives.
Twist predicts poor outcome of patients with astrocytic glioma

Aims and methods Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has previously been linked to glioma invasion and progression. To determine whether EMT regulators, Twist and Zeb1, had clinical significance in astrocytic gliomas, the association of Twist and Zeb1 with clinicopathological and molecular factors was studied in 269 astrocytoma samples. Results Twist and Zeb1 were widely expressed in astrocytic gliomas, but the expression of the former did not correlate with that of the latter. Stronger Twist expression levels were associated with higher WHO grades (p=0.001), whereas Zeb1 did not correlate with WHO grades. We found no association between Twist and proliferation activity (Ki67/MIB-1), p53 status, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) amplification or neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) expression. There was no significant difference in Twist or Zeb1 expression when primary and secondary gliomas were analysed. Tumours with high Twist expression were IDH1 negative (p=0.009). High hypoxia-inducible factor-1α expression correlated significantly with positive Twist expression (p<0.001), whereas it was not associated with Zeb1 expression. Zeb1 expression did not correlate with proliferation, EGFR or IDH1. Nevertheless, we did find a correlation between high Zeb1 expression and low p53 expression levels (p=0.027). Positive NCAM expression was significantly associated with Zeb1 positivity (p=0.022). Zeb1 had no association with patient survival, whereas positive Twist expression predicted poor survival for patients in both univariate (p<0.001) and multivariable analyses (p=0.027). Conclusions EMT regulators, Twist and Zeb1, are common features of infiltrating astrocytomas, and Twist is upregulated in glioblastomas in particular. Twist may be a novel marker for poor prognosis in glioma patients.
Performance Analysis of the Event-Reliability Approach for a Lattice Wireless Sensor Network with Radio Irregularities

It has been recognised that spatial redundancy in wireless sensor networks can be exploited in order to simplify the transport of sensed data. The resulting transport technique is in fact a simple packet repetition scheme, where the packet rate is a tunable parameter. In this work, we analyze a simple squared lattice network. However, in contrast to other works on the subject, we allow pathloss randomnesses to be present in the service environment of the network. With these settings in hand, 1) we compare the perceived packet delivery rate at the sink node for two reactive routing protocols and 2) we study the dependence of this metric on the scaling factor of the network size. Simulation results show that the shadowing phenomena, by destroying the regularity of the network, degrades the performance of the event-detection. This fact directly impacts on the detection time of the monitored event
Towards metabolic mapping of the human retina

Functional alterations are first signs of a starting pathological process. A device that measures parameter for the characterization of the metabolism at the human eye‐ground would be a helpful tool for early diagnostics in stages when alterations are yet reversible. Measurements of blood flow and of oxygen saturation are necessary but not sufficient. The new technique of auto‐fluorescence lifetime measurement (FLIM) opens in combination with selected excitation and emission ranges the possibility for metabolic mapping. FLIM not only adds an additional discrimination parameter to distinguish different fluorophores but also resolves different quenching states of the same fluorophore. Because of its high sensitivity and high temporal resolution, its capability to resolve multi‐exponential decay functions, and its easy combination with laser scanner ophthalmoscopy, multi‐dimensional time‐correlated single photon counting was used for fundus imaging. An optimized set up for in vivo lifetime measurements at the human eye‐ground will be explained. In this, the fundus fluorescence is excited at 446 or 468 nm and the time‐resolved autofluorescence is detected in two spectral ranges between 510 and 560 nm as well as between 560 and 700 nm simultaneously. Exciting the fundus at 446 nm, several fluorescence maxima of lifetime t1 were detected between 100 and 220 ps in lifetime histograms of 40° fundus images. In contrast, excitation at 468 nm results in a single maximum of lifetime t1 = 190 ± 16 ps. Several fundus layers contribute to the fluorescence intensity in the short‐wave emission range 510–560 nm. In contrast, the fluorescence intensity in the long‐wave emission range between 560 and 700 nm is dominated by the fluorescence of lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium. Comparing the lateral distribution of parameters of a tri‐exponential model function in lifetime images of the fundus with the layered anatomical fundus structure, the shortest component (t1 = 190 ps) originates from the retinal pigment epithelium and the second lifetime (t2 = 1,000 ps) from the neural retina. The lifetime t3 ≈ 5.5 ns might be influenced by the long decay of the fluorescence in the crystalline lens. In vitro analysis of the spectral properties of expected fluorophores under the condition of the living eye lightens the interpretation of in vivo measurements. Taking into account the transmission of the ocular media, the excitation of NADH is unlikely at the fundus. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Implication of Econometric Specification on Economic Elasticity Estimates: A Case of Generalized Leontief Profit Function

Indonesian Pemilihan suatu bentuk fungsi untuk menjelaskan kaitan antara satu peubah dengan peubah lain sering ditentukan oleh penguasaan penganalisa terhadap teknik pendugaan ekonometrik kaitan tersebut. Makalah ini menganalisis elastisitas hasil dari permintaan masukan usahatani padi di Jawa dan menyimpulkan bahwa elastisitas-elastisitas ini tidak bebas dari bentuk fungsi dan perumusan ekonometriknya. Malahan dari suatu bentuk fungsi dapat diperoleh elastisitas-elastisitas yang berbeda apabila perumusan ekonometriknya berbeda. Makalah ini menyarankan agar perumusan ekonometrik dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan seluruh informasi yang ada pada data.
Two divergent MET10 genes, one from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and one from Saccharomyces carlsbergensis, encode the alpha subunit of sulfite reductase and specify potential binding sites for FAD and NADPH

The yeast assimilatory sulfate reductase is a complex enzyme that is responsible for conversion of sulfite into sulfide. To obtain information on the nature of this enzyme, we isolated and sequenced the MET10 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a divergent MET10 allele from Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. The polypeptides deduced from the identically sized open reading frames (1,035 amino acids) of both MET10 genes have molecular masses of around 115 kDa and are 88% identical to each other. The transcript of S. cerevisiae MET10 has a size comparable to that of the open reading frame and is transcriptionally repressed by methionine in a way similar to that seen for other MET genes of S. cerevisiae. Distinct homology was found between the putative MET10-encoded polypeptide and flavin-interacting parts of the sulfite reductase flavoprotein subunit (encoded by cysJ) from Escherichia coli and several other flavoproteins. A significant N-terminal homology to pyruvate flavodoxin oxidoreductase (encoded by nifJ) from Klebsiella pneumoniae, together with a lack of obvious flavin mononucleotide-binding motifs in the MET10 deduced amino acid sequence, suggests that the yeast assimilatory sulfite reductase is a distinct type of sulfite reductase.
The molecular basis for the genetic code.

* One of the authors (F.R.) was supported by grant PF-244 from the American Cancer Society. Present address: Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan. t Present address: Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey. 1 Madison, J. T. , and R. W. Holley, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , 18, 153 (1965). 2 Zachau, G. F. , D. D'Utting, and H. Feldmann, Angew. Chem., 22, 1043 (1965). 3 Huang, R. C. , and J. Bonner, these PROCEEDINGS, 54, 960 (1965). 4Carr, D. O. , and S. Grisolia, J. Biol. Chem., 239, 160 (1964). 6 Roy-Burman, P., S. Roy-Burman, and D. W. Visser, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , 20, 291 (1965). 6 Cerutti, P., K. Ikeda, and B. Witkop, J. Am. Chem. Soc. , 87, 2505 (1965). 7 Ochoa, S. , and L. Heppel, in The Chemical Basis of Heredity, ed. W. McElroy and B. Glass (Baltimore: John Hopkins Press, 1957), p. 631. 8 Szer, W. , and D. Shugar, Acta Biochim. Polon. , 8, 235 (1961). 9 Horiuchi, S. , Japan J. Med. Sci. Biol., 12, 429 (1959). 10 Torriani, A. , Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 38, 460 (1960). 11 Jones, 0. W. , E. E. Townsend, H. A. Sober, and L. A. Heppel, Biochemistry, 3, 238 (1964). 12 Nirenberg, M. W. , J. H. Matthaei, and 0. W. Jones, these PROCEEDINGS, 48, 104 (1962). 13 Trupin, J., F. Rottman, R. Brimacombe, P. Leder, M. Bernfield, and M. Nirenberg, these PROCEEDINGS, 53, 807 (1965). 14 Nirenberg, M. , P. Leder, M. Bernfield, R. Brimacombe, J. Tnrpin, F. Rottman, and C. O'Neal, these PROCEEDINGS, 53, 1161 (1965). 15 Brimacombe, R. , J. Trupin, M. Nirenberg, P. Leder, M. Bernfield, and T. Jaouni, these PROCEEDINGS, 54, 954 (1965). 16 Nirenberg, M. W. , in Methods in Enzymology, ed. S. P. Colowick and N. 0. Kaplan (New York: Academic Press, 1964), vol. 6, p. 17. 17 Nirenberg, M. W. , 0. W. Jones, P. Leder, B. F. C. Clark, W. S. Sly, and S. Pestka, in Synthesis and Structure of Macromolecules, Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, vol. 28 (1963), p. 549. 18 Nirenberg, M. , and P. Leder, Science, 145, 1399 (1964). 19 Grossman, L. , J. Ono, and R. G. Wilson, Federation Proc., 24, S-80 (1965). 20 Cerutti, P., H. T. Miles, and J. Frazier, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , in press. 21 Michelson, A. M. , and M. Grunberg-Manago, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 91, 92 (1964).
Reproductive Ecology of Female Chimpanzees

An important adaptive problem for mammals in general, and primates in particular, is how females can manage the high costs of reproduction in the face of fluctuating energetic supplies. For many species, the best solution is to breed seasonally such that high costs are temporally coincident with predictable periods of resource abundance. This is an unreliable strategy for some primates, such as chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), for which large body size forces an increase in dietary complexity and prolonged reproductive efforts. Here, I review data on reproductive function in chimpanzees, a species that demonstrates a risk‐averse reproductive strategy wherein reproductive investment is allocated in accordance with maternal condition. Life history parameters for chimpanzees indicate that most females produce very few surviving offspring. However, comparisons between captive and wild populations and within wild populations illustrate that variation in resource access leads to highly variable reproductive success. Focused hormonal studies have demonstrated these effects at a proximate level, with energetic influences on female dispersal, receptivity, cycle quality, conception success, and lactational amenorrhea. Downstream of these effects, female reproductive function affects sexual attractiveness, and by virtue of males’ own optimal reproductive strategies, can lead to coercive aggression and decreased foraging efficiency. Because of their extreme reproductive costs, female chimpanzees utilize a highly conservative reproductive strategy, one that minimizes the costs of ecological variation but makes them vulnerable to sexual conflict and costs of sociality. Am. J. Primatol. 75:222‐237, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Linguistic security testing for text communication protocols

We introduce a new Syntax‐based Security Testing framework that uses a protocol specification to perform security testing on text‐based communication protocols. A protocol specification of a particular text‐based protocol under test represents its syntactic grammar and static constraints. The specification is used to generate test cases by mutating valid messages, breaking the syntax and constraints of the protocol. The framework is demonstrated using a toy web application and the open source application KOrganizer. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Health impact of peptic ulcer in the United States.

OBJECTIVES To assess the general outcome and impact of current and previous peptic ulcer disease on health status in the United States. METHODS During the National Health Interview Survey of 1989, a special questionnaire on digestive diseases was administered to 41,457 randomly selected individuals. Various measures of impaired health in ulcer patients were expressed by their age- and sex-standardized prevalence rates. RESULTS Ten to 15% of all subjects with a recent ulcer reported that they had been in poor health, incapable of major activity, or unable to work for some time during the 12 months preceding the interview. Twenty to 25% of the subjects with recent ulcers complained about restricted activity and had spent 7 or more days per year in bed. About 40% of all ulcer subjects had seen a physician five or more times within 12 months before the interview. These percentages were significantly lower in patients with previous ulcer histories but no active ulcer within 12 months, but they were still significantly higher than in subjects with no ulcer history at all. In the United States, expenditures attributed to recent ulcers amounted to $5.65 billion per year. CONCLUSIONS In the United States, peptic ulcer disease is associated with major morbidity. Ulcer cure would result in large economic and medical savings.
INBREEDING LEVELS AND INBREEDING DEPRESSION IN A FARMED POPULATION OF RAINBOW TROUT ( Onchorhynchus mykiss )

A farmed population of rainbow trout under selection for over six generations from the Norwegian Salmon Breeding Company, Ltd. was investigated for levels of inbreeding and occurrence of inbreeding depression for body weight. The average percent inbreeding levels and percent of individuals with inbreeding greater than zero (in parenthesis) were 2.9 (59.3), 2.8 (49.8), 8.5 (87.1), 8.0 (82.8) and 6.6 (81.4) for generations 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, respectively. The coefficients of inbreeding ranged from zero to 30%. The rate of increase in inbreeding coefficient was non-linear. The average increase in inbreeding was 1.3% per generation. The inbreeding depressions for body weight at harvest per generation were: -1.2%, -0.3%, +0.03%, -0.2% and +O. 1% per 1% unit increase in inbreeding coefficient. Over all generations, inbreeding depression was -0.2% per 1% inbreeding. These results suggest there is no cause for concern over the current inbreeding trend and inbreeding depression for this population.
Allergic Fungal Sinusitis Associated with Trichoderma longibrachiatum

ABSTRACT We describe allergic fungal sinusitis caused by Trichoderma longibrachiatum in a patient with a history of atopy and asthma. A Gram stain of a sinus biopsy specimen was initially thought to contain yeast cells, but when Trichoderma was recovered in culture, these cells were subsequently recognized as chlamydospores. The patient was successfully managed with a combination of sinus lavage, oral corticosteroids, itraconazole, and allergen immunotherapy. This case also points out that careful scrutiny of direct smears is required to ensure that fungal structures are not misinterpreted.
PSXO: population-wide semantic crossover

Since its introduction, Geometric Semantic Genetic Programming (GSGP) has been the inspiration to ideas on how to reach optimal solutions efficiently. Among these, in 2016 Pawlak has shown how to analytically construct optimal programs by means of a linear combination of a set of random programs. Given the simplicity and excellent results of this method (LC) when compared to GSGP, the author concluded that GSGP is "overkill". However, LC has limitations, and it was tested only on simple benchmarks. In this paper, we introduce a new method, Population-Wide Semantic Crossover (PSXO), also based on linear combinations of random programs, that overcomes these limitations. We test the first variant (Inv) on a diverse set of complex real-life problems, comparing it to LC, GSGP and standard GP. We realize that, on the studied problems, both LC and Inv are outperformed by GSGP, and sometimes also by standard GP. This leads us to the conclusion that GSGP is not overkill. We also introduce a second variant (GPinv) that integrates evolution with the approximation of optimal programs by means of linear combinations. GPinv outperforms both LC and Inv on unseen test data for the studied problems.