Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The order Corallinales sensu lato (Rhodophyta) in the Iberian Atlantic: current state of knowledge

A review of the order Corallinales sensu lato in the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula is presented with the aim of assessing its current state of knowledge in comparison with adjacent areas (British Isles-Atlantic France, Macaronesia and Iberian Mediterranean). According to the information compiled from more than 250 publications, herbarium data and manuscripts, we concluded that Atlantic Iberian coralline algae have been poorly studied, which resulted in only 49 species reported. By contrast, Macaronesia is the most species-rich region (91), followed by Spanish Mediterranean (67) and the British Isles-Atlantic France (61). In the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula, 17 species occurred commonly (present in more than 50% of the coastline), particularly those corresponding to the genera Amphiroa, Jania, Lithophyllum, Mesophyllum , and Phymatolithon . Instead, the genera Harveylithon, Hydrolithon, Leptophytum, Lithothamnion, Neogoniolithon and Pneophyllum have been occasionally reported. In the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula and adjacent regions, the epilithic growth-form was dominant, followed by the epiphytic, epizoic and the unattached (maerl/rodoliths); besides, sciaphilous taxa were more abundant than photophilous species. The low intertidal and shallow subtidal harbour a high diversity of coralline algae, as well as semi-exposed coasts or areas affected by currents. The present study confirms that studies on the Atlantic Iberian coralline algae are scarce, and that further research on this group is required.
The Barcelona agreement: a manifesto towards the spearfishing of the future

The Spearfishing Association of Barcelona (APS) recently celebrated its 70 th anniversary and decided to write a manifesto called: “The Barcelona Agreement: A Manifesto Towards the Spearfishing of the Future”. The Manifesto was discussed and approved during a round table at the Maritime Museum of Barcelona on 27 February 2016, in which delegates of several stakeholders took part. The Agreement is a revision of the most important points that the authors consider to be fundamental for a sustainable development of spearfishing in the future. The authors expect that this manifesto will be a starting point for a constructive discussion to increase knowledge, efficient practice and effective management of spearfishing.
Growth response of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) to climate in the eastern Cascade Mountains, Washington, U.S.A.: Implications for climatic change1

Abstract Climatic change is expected to cause dramatic shifts in low-elevation treeline in mountainous environments. Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) were sampled across an elevation gradient adjacent to the Methow Valley of the Okanogan National Forest in the eastern Cascades, Washington to examine the potential response of ponderosa pine to climatic change. Response function analyses were used to compare climate-growth relationships among 12 sites, four elevations on three different mountains. Response function analysis attributes 42-55% of the inter-annual variation in growth to climate. Growth is positively correlated with November precipitation prior to the growing season on all 12 sites, suggesting that November precipitation is critical for increased root growth, increased nutrient availability through decomposition, building snowpack, or non-growing season photosynthesis and carbon storage. Growth is positively correlated with previous October, January, June, and July precipitation at more than one site. Temperature is not correlated with growth on any sites. Climate models predict that the Pacific Northwest will experience warmer and wetter winters and drier summers in the future. Growth-climate correlations suggest that the short-term growth response of ponderosa pine is most sensitive to non-growing season precipitation. Therefore, predicting ponderosa pine’s response to projected climatic change is problematic, with wetter falls increasing growth and drier summers decreasing growth. Our results indicate that ponderosa pine is much more sensitive to precipitation than temperature and that any predictions of this arid species’ response to climatic change are difficult, due to uncertainty in predicting future precipitation patterns.
Phytochemical and Biological Evaluation of Buddleja asiatica

The phytochemical investigation of Buddleja asiatica Lour (family Scrophulariaceae), resulted in the separation and identification of six compounds not isolated previously from B. asiatica, which have been identified as olian-12-en-3-one, taraxaster-12-en-3-one, 4-acetoxybenzaldehyde, 4-acetoxyacetophenone, (E) 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid and (E) 3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxycinnamic acid, in addition to many compounds that were isolated previously from the same species included β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, oleanane glycosides
Tropical Forests Under a Changing Climate and Innovations in Tropical Forest Management

The Rio + 20 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development is recently behind us. Certainly the official proceedings were a serious disappointment. The draft document was weak to begin with and even weaker after negotiations concluded. Clearly the world as a whole had failed to address the environmental issues at scale in the twenty years after the Earth Summit. The new agreement is filled with aspirational language and failed to make meaningful commitments on greenhouse gas reduction and stemming biodiversity loss. These latter were left to the actual conventions to address. In the meantime the sustainable development goals proceed to develop with critical elements like population growth unaddressed.
The Effect of Amino Acids on Sclerotium Formation of Rhizoctonia solani Kühn (AG-1)

Inhibitive effect of some amino acids on sclerotial formation of Rhizoctonia solani (AG-1) was tested. Few or no sclerotia were formed on sulfur containing amino acids, histidine, leucine, isoleucine, tryptophan or tyrosine amended medium. Among these amino acids, leucine was not inhibitive and was merely unuseful for the formation. Inhibitive amino acids limited sclerotium formation and affected scarcely mycelial growth. Although the structural difference between cysteine and serine or homocysteine and homoserine was small, their effects on the formation were completely reverse. Sulfur or sulfhydryl bond could be an inhibitive principle. D-isomers of stimulative amino acids inhibited the formation.
Activating Transcription Factor 3 is a Molecular Target for Apoptotic Effect of Silymarin in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells

Apoptosis has been regarded as a therapeutic target because apoptosis is typically disturbed in human cancer. Silymarin found in the seeds of the milk thistle (Silybum marianum) has been reported to exert anti-cancer properties through apoptosis. This study was performed to investigate the molecular target for silymarin-mediated apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells. Silymarin reduced the cell viability and induced an apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells. ATF3 overexpression increased PARP cleavage by silymarin. Increased ATF3 expression in both protein and mRNA was observed in silymarin-treated cells. In addition, silymarin increased the luciferase activity of ATF3 promoter. Inhibition of JNK and IκK-α blocked silymarin-mediated ATF3 expression. The results suggest that silymarin induces apoptosis through JNK and IκKα-dependent ATF3 expression in human colorectal cancer cells.
Increased novel single nucleotide polymorphisms in weedy rice populations associated with the change of farming styles: Implications in adaptive mutation and evolution

Substantial genetic variation is found in weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea Roshev.) populations from different rice‐planting regions with the change of farming styles. To determine the association of such genetic variation with rice farming changes is critical for understanding the adaptive evolution of weedy rice. We studied weedy‐rice specific novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by genome‐wide comparison between DNA sequences of weedy and cultivated rice, in addition to polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting at 22 selected novel SNP loci in weedy rice populations. A great number of novel SNPs were identified across the weedy rice genome. High frequencies of the novel SNPs were determined at the 22 selected loci, although with considerable variation among weedy rice populations in different rice‐planting regions. The highest frequency (∼57%) of novel SNPs was identified in weedy rice populations from Jiangsu that experienced the most dramatic changes in rice farming styles, including the shift from transplanting to direct seeding, and from indica to japonica varieties. The lowest frequency (∼29%) was detected in weedy rice populations from Northeast China, where rice farming has undergone relatively less change. The association between frequencies of novel SNPs in weedy rice populations and the extent of changes in rice farming styles suggests the critical role of adaptive mutation and accumulation of the mutation influenced by human activities in the rapid evolution of weedy rice.
Study on the paralytic poisoning in shellfish of Daya Bay and Dapeng Bay, Guangdong.

From 1997-1999, the paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) contents of scallop (Chlamys nobilis) and blue mussel (Perna viridis) collected monthly from four main shellfish growing zones in Daya Bay and Dapeng Bay,Guangdong were determined with the AOAC bioassay method. The toxins contents detected in the scallop samples in Dongshan maritime space of Daya Bay from January-June 1999 were higher than the FAO shellfish safety threshold; especially in January, the content exceeded nearly 30 times of the threshold, and the scallop sample exceeded the threshold in January only. The contents, overall, tend gradually to decrease monthly since the peak of winter-spring season. In Aotao of Daya Bay and Nanao of Dapeng Bay, the levels of two shellfish species were not high; the toxins contents of scallop were lower for a long period of time; and no toxin was contained in mussel.
Host response of rice genotypes from crosses of high-yielding and drought-tolerant Oryza sativa advanced breeding lines to the rice root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola

Abstract The host response to Meloidogyne graminicola infection of 30 advanced breeding lines developed from crosses between high-yielding and drought-tolerant Oryza sativa genotypes was evaluated in outdoor raised beds. None of the advanced breeding lines showed resistance to M. graminicola comparable to the M. graminicola-resistant African rice (O. glaberrima) genotype TOG5674. However, rice genotype IR86815-23-4-1-2 was identified tolerant which showed no yield reduction even when infected with M. graminicola. IR82635-B-B-143-1, IR85733-19-4-1-1, IR85733-19-4-2-4, IR85,735-42-1-4-1 and IR 85735-42-1-4-4 were less sensitive to M. graminicola infection with less than 20% yield reduction compared to other rice genotypes. These rice genotypes could alleviate yield losses in M. graminicola-infested rice fields in regions with limited resources to control M. graminicola and when resistant cultivars are not available.
EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY (CHORION) OF THE EGGS OF MUGA SILKWORM ANTHERAEAASSAMENSIS (HELFER) AFTER TREATED WITH JUVENILE HORMONE -III AND 20HYDROXYECDYSION

The surface of the chorion of the golden silk producing muga silkworm, Antheraea assamensis,Helfer is covered with polygons in network pattern. The number of aeropyles is variable in both treated and untreated eggs. The micropylar pit are surrounded by 17-19 petal shaped primary cells in treated eggs more or less similar in size and shape whereas in the control, their number was reduced to 15-16. Primary cells were surrounded by secondary cells followed by tertiary and quaternary cells.Hatching of the newly hatched larvae takes place through gnawing. Larvae eat their way out through the chorion membrane mostly from the anterior region. Egg buster or spine which aid in hatching are well developed in the newly hatched larvae.
Ontogenetic shifts in diet and habitat of juvenile green sea turtles in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico

Effective management of a rapidly increasing juvenile green sea turtle Chelonia mydas population necessitates an understanding of the foraging grounds utilized throughout ontogeny. We used stomach content (SCA) and stable isotope analyses (SIA) of multiple size classes of green turtles foraging along the middle (MTC) and lower Texas coasts (LTC) in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico to identify ontogenetic shifts in foraging behavior. Spatial differences in diet and habitat residency were examined based on samples gathered from live (n = 55) and deceased turtles (n = 114). Additionally, the isotopic composition of putative forage material within nearshore and inshore habitats was investigated to determine prey contribution to diet. Green turtle recruitment to neritic channel environments in Texas waters at sizes <25 cm straight carapace length (SCL) was established based on the presence of benthic macroalgae in the diet. Integration of SCA with SIA of carbon and nitrogen in scute material, as well as potential prey, revealed a subsequent inshore shift to seagrass beds before obtaining 35 cm SCL for turtles of the LTC, while turtles from the MTC exhibited considerable variation in size at transition. This study improves our understanding of the feeding ecology of green turtles within critical foraging grounds along the Texas coast.
Yerel Halkın Sürdürülebilir Turizm Algılarının Sürdürülebilir Destinasyon Yönetimi Tutumları Üzerine Etkisi: Ayder Üzerine Bir Araştırma (The Effect of Sustainable Tourism Perceptions of Local People on Sustainable Destination Management Attitudes: A Research on Ayder)

Bu çalışma bir destinasyondaki önemli turizm paydaşlarından biri olan yerel halkın sürdürülebilir destinasyon ve sürdürülebilir destinasyon yönetimi konularındaki algılarının ve tutumlarının belirlenmesine yönelik yapılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda çalışmada, bahse konu olan destinasyon Ayder Yaylasında sürdürülebilir destinasyon algısının sürdürülebilir destinasyon yönetimi üzerindeki etkisi araştırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu kapsamda Rize yerel halkından kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile veriler toplanmıştır. Yapılandırılmış anket formu yüz yüze görüşme tekniği ile Mayıs-Temmuz 2017 tarihinde uygulanmış, 408 katılımcıdan elde edilen veriler, SPSS 18 paket programıyla değerlendirilerek analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada gerçekleştirilen analizler çalışmanın amacına bağlı olarak değişkenler arasındaki ilişki ve etkinin araştırılmasına yönelik korelasyon ve çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak sürdürülebilirlik algı boyutlarından sadece ekonomik sürdürülebilirliğin sürdürülebilir destinasyon yönetim tutumu üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi olduğu görülmüştür. Bu sonuç yerel halkın Ayder destinasyonuna yönelik olarak sürdürülebilir destinasyon yönetimi konusunda yeterli bir bilince ve farkındalığa sahip olmadığını göstermektedir. Bu kapsamda yerel halkın da dahil edildiği destinasyon paydaşlarıyla işbirliği yapılması sağlanarak güçlü bir paydaş katılımı ve desteği kurulabilir.
MIXED-MATING SYSTEM'

The direct and indirect effects of vegetative herbivory on the mating system of Impatiens capensis were analyzed through a survey of herbivory in natural I. capensis populations and manipulation of leaf damage in the field. Across 10 wild populations of I. capensis proportion of cleistogamous flowers had a significant positive exponential relationship with natural levels of herbivory. Similarly, experimental leaf damage increased the proportion of flowers and seeds that were cleistogamous. Leaf damage also reduced the biomass of cleistogamous progeny more severely relative to that of chasmogamous progeny. The cumulative effect of leaf damage was to increase plant reliance on fitness derived from cleistogamous progeny. Leaf damage indirectly affected mating system traits by reducing chasmogamous flower size, leading to a reduction in pollinator visitation. Under these experimental conditions, herbivory did not significantly reduce the number of simultaneously open flowers and potential for geitonogamy, nor did it result in significant changes in the composition of the pollinator fauna. These findings are among the first to demonstrate that herbivory has consequences for mating system and should be considered a factor shaping mating system evolution.
Nitrite Reduction Assay for Whole Pseudomonas Cells

[Abstract] The second step of the dissimilatory denitrification pathway in which nitrite (NO2-) is converted to nitric oxide (NO) is catalyzed by the enzyme nitrite reductase. Two distinct enzymes are found in nature that catalyze this reaction, and they contain different metal sites, either iron (Fe), in the form of heme, or copper (Cu) (Zumft, 1997). The Pseudomonas stutzeri (P. stutzeri) RCH2 strain used in this assay contains both an Fe and a Cu form of nitrite reductase. In this assay, total nitrite reductase activity can be measured in whole cells using fumarate or some other carbon source as an electron source by measuring the disappearance of nitrite over time (Thorgersen et al., 2015).
Résultats de croisements entre Globodera pallida stone et G. "mexicana" Campos-Vela : héritabilité du développement sur pomme de terre et notion d'espèce

Chez la pomme de terre, les juveniles de Globodera mexicana n'induisent pas de syncytium. Des hybridations de cinq populations de G. mexicana et de deux populations de G. pallida sont realisees in vitro et les hybrides directs et les resultats de divers croisements en retour sont etudies sur pomme de terre et sur tomate. Tous les hybrides F1 heritent de la capacite a induire des syncytia chez la pomme de terre. Selon le parent femelle G. pallida utilise, ces syncytia permettent le developpement de mâles et de femelles ou seulement de mâles. Dans ce dernier cas, la capacite a produire des femelles apparait progressivement apres croisements en retour successifs sur femelle G. pallida. L'incompatibilite cytoplasmique depend egalement des couples utilises. Avec G. pallida Pal Duddingston, cette incompatibilite est tres attenuee. En fonction de ces resultats, la notion d'espece et de coenospecies est discutee.
Evolution de marqueurs biochimiques et endocriniens chez les femelles zébu au cours d'un protocole d'induction de l'oestrus suivi d'une insémination artificielle

L'objectif de cette etude etait d'emettre des hypotheses sur les causes probables des faibles taux de gestation au cours de l'insemination artificielle chez les zebus Azawak et Gudali. Dans une ferme agropastorale privee de production laitiere ou la conduite de l'elevage etait de type extensif 30 vaches ont ete selectionnees et ont servi a deux essais d'induction d'oestrus suivie d'insemination artificielle, l'un en saison seche (mars-avril 2001) et l'autre en saison humide (Juillet-aout 2003). Pendant le traitement a la spirale vaginale (J 0 a J 12 ), les concentrations de la progesterone dans le sang ont augmente legerement, atteignant en moyenne 5,3 ng/mL entre J2 et J8 pour chuter apres le retrait des spirales. La difference du taux d'apparition de chaleurs entre les deux essais n'a pas ete significative (P>0.05) et le taux global a ete de 83%. Pendant cette periode il n'y avait pas de difference significative (P> 0,05) de P-Progesterone entre toutes les vaches. Chez les vaches gestantes, la progesteronemie s'est elevee regulierement (>4ng/mL) et atteint en moyenne 10 ng/mL a partir de la fin de la 3 e semaine. Dans les deux autres groupes (induites mais non gestantes et non induites), la progesteronemie est restee basse, voisine de 1ng/mL jusqu'au dernier prelevement. La difference entre les deux groupes a ete statistiquement significative. Les concentrations des constituants biochimiques plasmatiques n'ont pas montre de differences notables en fonction de la race et de la saison. Bien que la difference n'ait pas ete significative, la saison seche a semble paradoxalement plus propice au succes d'induction d'oestrus et a la fecondation. Cela necessite confirmation mais pourrait resulter des nombreux stress lies a l'hygrometrie, aux maladies lors de la saison humide.
IDENTIFICATION AND FUNCTIONAL INFERENCE ON THE MLO- FAMILY IN VIRIDIPLANTAE

Powdery mildew (PM) is a widespread plant disease of temperate climates caused by ascomycete fungi of the order Erysiphales. PM is an important agricultural issue since it can cause significant economic losses. Specific members of the MLO gene family act as susceptibility factors towards the PM disease. A step towards the stability of crop productions would be thus the characterization of MLO genes at the genomic level. We carried out a genome-wide characterization of the MLO gene family in twenty-three plant and two algal genomes providing manual curated MLO protein catalogues. In total, 180 novel proteins containing the MLO domain were identified. Evolutionary history and phylogenetic relationships were studied through maximum likelihood analysis. This highlighted eight different clades, including a new monocot-specific clade (VIII) identified for the first time. In addition, 15 and 67 putative PM susceptibility genes, clustering in clade IV and V, respectively, were identified. Results of this work may help to address further biological questions concerning MLOs involved in PM susceptibility. In follow-up studies, it could be investigated whether the silencing or loss-of-function mutations in one or more of these candidate genes may lead to PM resistance.
ENDOSYMBIOSIS IN SPONGES : RELEVANCE FOR EPIGENESIS AND EVOLUTION

Symbiosis of bacteria and algae with protoctists and fungi, plants and animals may involve the coexistence of two different genomes in the same cell or organism. Even if gene transfer between the symbiotic partners is restricted or absent, symbiotic integration involves signal transduction systems and specific epigenetic processes of reciprocal gene modulation that occur through a complex molecular cross-talk between the symbionts. Although especially studied for the RhizobiumLeguminosae association the fine tuning of symbiont recognition and regulation occurs as well in other symbioses. New morphological, physiological and behavioural adaptations arising in symbiotic associations, as the light organ of squids, result from morphogenetic and biochemical constraints driven by epigenetic processes. In this context, we consider the secondary acquisition of photosynthesis due to symbiosis with cyanobacteria, zoochlorellae and zooxanthellae, which occur in several sponges. According to recent observations on the Mediterranean sponge Petrosia ficiformis this kind of symbiosis induces relevant morphological and physiological adaptations in the sponge. Symbiosis with heterotrophic bacteria, as occurs in the sponge Chondrosia reniformis, seems also to influence the physiology and the behavior of the sponge significantly. The evolutionary significance of the Presented at the Second International Congress of Symbiosis, April 13--18, 1997, Woods Hole, MA *The author to whom correspondence should be sent. 0334-5114/98/$05.50 ©1998 Balaban