Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
DISPERSAL PATTERN OF BLACK-BILLED MAGPIES (PICA HUDSONIA) MEASURED BY MOLECULAR GENETIC (RAPD) ANALYSIS

Abstract Black-billed Magpies (Pica hudsonia) are a relatively sedentary corvid, with greater dispersal of females than males. To genetically confirm that dispersal pattern, 29 reproductively active adults were captured over two years and were scored for primer-specific random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) bands (53 polymorphic bands in 1996 and 104 in 1997). In both years, we captured more previously banded males than females, and individuals recaptured were more often the heaviest nestling in their brood from the previous years. Genetic distances between all possible adult pairs were calculated and degree of genetic similarity between pair-wise comparisons was assessed using the Mantel test. In the pair-wise comparison of genetic distances, data for both years showed that genetic distances between males were significantly less (P < 0.05) than those for other adult combinations (male–female and female–female). Using the same analytical approach, we found that females were no more genetically similar to one another (P > 0.05) than were random pairs of adults. Group-distance analysis using the computer package RAPD also showed higher genetic similarity among males than among females. We suggest that a plausible hypothesis to account for the relatively high genetic homogeneity of the breeding male population compared to the female population is that a long-lasting intraclutch dominance hierarchy exists among siblings. That hierarchy is sufficiently long-lasting to influence the breeding population, resulting in alpha males remaining in the natal area, whereas lower ranking birds, including females, are forced to disperse.
Characterization of the effects of metabolic inhibitors, ATPase inhibitors and a potassium-channel blocker on stomatal opening and closing in isolated epidermis of Commelina communis L.

Abstract. The specific effects of hypoxia and various inhibitors on stomatal opening in the light and closing in the dark were characterized in isolated epidermis from Commelina communis L. Reducing the guard cell metabolism with hypoxia and the uncoupler carbonyl cyanide-m-chloro-phenyl-hydrazone, CCCP, respectively, inhibited both stomatal opening and closing. Stomatal closing was very efficiently blocked by CCCP and this effect could be readily reversed by washing out the inhibitor. The authors were unable to inhibit stomatal opening with ATPase-inhibitors, without also affecting closing. Orthovanadate, up to 2 mol m−3, affected neither opening nor closing. Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, DCCD, and diethylstilbestrol, DES, inhibited opening as well as closing to about 50%. The K+ -channel blocker tetraethylammonium chloride, TEA-Cl, inhibited both stomatal opening and closing, as did phenyl acetic acid, PAA, a compound considered to interfere with blue light induced stomatal opening. The results are discussed in the view that the uncontrolled K+ leakage from the guard cells is low, that K+ efflux during stomatal closing, as well as K+ influx during opening, occurs through specific K+-channels and that ATP and/or a membrane potential seems to be needed to keep these channels open.
供者特异性HLA抗体对单倍体相合造血干细胞植入的影响

目的 探讨单倍体相合造血干细胞移植中HLA供者特异性抗体（DSA）对干细胞植入的影响以及处理方法。 方法 采用免疫磁珠液相芯片技术，对2016年6月至2017年5月拟行单倍体相合造血干细胞移植患者进行HLA抗体及DSA的检测，对已完成移植患者进行DSA与植入失败相关性分析，检测移植前后DSA水平，探索针对DSA的处理方法。 结果 共检测了92例拟行单倍体相合造血干细胞移植患者的HLA抗体，其中16例（17.4%）存在HLA抗体，6例（6.5%）DSA阳性。 在常规清髓性预处理单倍体相合移植中，26例DSA阴性患者中有24例成功植入，仅有2例发生植入失败，而采用常规预处理的4例DSA阳性患者中仅有1例成功植入，其余3例发生植入失败，二组患者植入率差异有统计学意义[92.3%（24/26）对25. 0%（1/4），χ2=8.433，P=0.004]。 多因素分析显示，DSA是影响供者干细胞植入的唯一因素[OR=12.0（95% CI 1.39~103.5），P=0.024]。 6例DSA阳性的患者中，4例次在移植时采取了针对DSA的措施，均获得供者干细胞顺利植入，其中3例HLA-Ⅰ类DSA阳性患者（首次移植2例、二次移植1例）在输入供者干细胞之前输入供者血小板，另1例HLA-Ⅰ、HLA-Ⅱ类DSA并存患者在二次移植时更换供者并给予全身放疗、利妥昔单抗及供者血小板输注。 结论 DSA是导致单倍体相合造血干细胞植入失败的关键因素，移植前应进行常规检查，DSA阳性患者应选用DSA阴性供者；无合适供者时，应采取适当措施降低DSA水平以促进干细胞植入。
Boll Damage by Southern Green Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and Tarnished Plant Bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) Caged on Transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis Cotton

Damage to bolls of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton by southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.), and tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), was evaluated in field-cage studies. Fifth instars of N. viridula confined singly over a 9-d-old boll for 3.5 d caused more damage than adult stink bugs or earlier instars. Boll damage by 5th instars of N. viridula decreased as boll age increased from 4 to 18 d from white bloom; damage to 18-d-old bolls was negligible. Exposure of 13-d-old bolls singly to 5th instars of N. viridula for 7 d reduced boll yield by 59% compared with unexposed bolls. Adults of L. lineolaris caused boll injury similar in type to that of 4th instars of N. viridula after confinement of adults singly with an 8-d-old boll for 8 d. However, the much larger 4th instars of N. viridula caused significantly more damage than adults of L. lineolaris. These data should be particularly useful in the development of treatment thresholds for the aforementioned pests in transgenic Bt cotton where insecticide use is limited.
Variability among Vitis vinifera cultivars in micropropagation, organogenesis and antibiotic sensitivity

Susceptibility to numerous diseases, pests and abiotic stresses make it necessary to use a high level of chemical In vitro culture of 32 Vitis vinifera cultivars and intras- control and to adopt specific cultural practices. Genetic pecific hybrids was initiated from axillary buds. The improvement through conventional methods, i.e. hybriddevelopment of roots and shoots was followed during ization, does not appear to be practical in order to obtain 14 subcultures on two hormone-free micropropagation less susceptible scion cultivars with similar wine qualities media. One medium (M64) was used until the 8th sub- to those of classic cultivars. Non-conventional approaches culture, after which it was replaced by G90 medium have therefore been proposed (Bouquet, 1989; Meredith, which was found more suitable for plantlet growth and 1996). A prerequisite to develop such approaches for permitted an increase in the time between subcul- grapevine is the ability to perform eYcient in vitro techtures. Large differences in plantlet growth between niques (Monette, 1988), but genetic variability of the cultivars were demonstrated on both media. The material has to be taken into account (Bouquet et al., number of roots had greatest variability between culti- 1982; Stamp et al., 1990; Torregrosa and Bouquet, 1996). vars (CV=39%) as compared with stem length (CV= Micropropagation in grapevine was first performed 21‐22%) and number of nodes (CV=12‐14%). The using entire plantlets obtained from microcuttings (Galzy, number of nodes was positively correlated with shoot 1961). More recently, the induction of bud proliferation length whereas root number appeared to be poorly has been shown to provide an alternate pathway to positively correlated with shoot development. grapevine micropropagation (Jona and Webb, 1978). Adventitious bud regeneration from leaves was studied Micropropagation produces suitable tissues for regenerafor 20 cultivars and averaged 36.7% of regenerative tion through organogenesis and embryogenesis (Stamp explants with large differences between cultivars and Meredith, 1988). In addition, in vitro culture of (CV=47%). However, organogenic competence was plantlets permits the rapid propagation of the genotypes not correlated with micropropagation ability. High obtained by non-conventional methods. sensitivity of Vitis vinifera plantlets to kanamycin and Regeneration of whole plants by somatic embryogenesis hygromycin was demonstrated with a strong inter- and organogenesis has been intensively studied (for action between cultivar and antibiotic. At 0.8 mg dm’ review, Torregrosa, 1995). The genetic engineering of 3, hygromycin was lethal to plantlets. This effect was somatic embryos was first reported by Mullins et al. only observed at 4 mg dm’3 for kanamycin, whereas (1990) and has been used to transfer genes of potential 1m g dm’3 stimulated the development of plantlets. interest through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation (Le Gall et al., 1994; Krastonova et al., 1995). Colby
405例儿童原发免疫性血小板减少症的分层治疗

目的 探讨儿童原发免疫性血小板减少症（ITP）分层治疗的疗效和安全性。 方法 2013年1月1日至2014年8月31日期间405例≤14岁新诊断ITP患者纳入研究。 以PLT<20×109/L或活动性出血为标准分为观察组和治疗组。 观察组180例，男104例，女76例，中位基线PLT 46（20~89）×109/L，中位随访时间20（12~31）个月；治疗组225例，男131例，女94例，中位基线PLT 11（1~19）×109/L，中位随访时间22（12~32）个月。 结果 治疗组患者急性期一线治疗总有效[完全反应（CR）+有效（R）]率为80. 44%（181/225）；观察组急性期148例（82.22%）符合CR或R标准。 治疗组44例患者进入持续期，持续期内总有效率为34. 09%（15/44），发病后1年总有效率为87. 11%（196/225）；观察组32例患者进入持续期，13例（40.63%）符合CR或R标准，发病后1年共161例（89.44%）患者符合CR或R标准。 治疗组29例进入慢性期，5例（17.24%）患者获CR或R；观察组19例患者进入慢性期，6例（31.58%）符合CR或R标准。 年龄≥10岁是影响两组患者1年自愈或治疗无效的高危因素。 本组患儿均未观察到严重出血、严重不良反应，无死亡病例。 结论 以PLT<20×109/L或活动性出血作为儿童ITP分层治疗的指征是安全可行的。
老年急性髓系白血病小剂量MA与CAG方案诱导治疗疗效比较及预后影响因素分析

目的 分析老年急性髓系白血病（AML）患者采用小剂量MA（米托蒽醌、阿糖胞苷）与CAG（阿克拉霉素、阿糖胞苷、G-CSF）方案诱导治疗的疗效差异及预后影响因素。 方法 回顾性分析2009年4月至2015年9月北京大学血液病研究所连续收治的103例≥60岁的确诊AML患者临床资料。 其中，NPM1+FLT3-ITD−者占16. 7%（17/102），65例采用小剂量MA方案诱导化疗，38例采用CAG方案诱导化疗，达完全缓解（CR）者进入巩固治疗。 与CAG组相比，小剂量MA组患者发病时WBC显著升高（P=0.001），FLT3-ITD+患者比例显著升高（P=0.005）。 全部患者中位随访13个月，存活患者中位随访17个月。 结果 6例（5.8%）患者发生早期死亡，50例（51.5%）患者在1个疗程诱导化疗后获得CR，总CR率为70. 1%。 小剂量MA与CAG组1个疗程CR率及总CR率差异无统计学意义，停化疗后两组患者中性粒细胞恢复时间、血小板恢复时间及血小板输注次数差异均无统计学意义（P值均> 0.05）。 68例CR患者中，23例（33.8%）在中位9个月时复发，3年累积复发率（CIR）为（52.5±10.1）%。 全部患者中位总生存（OS）时间为20个月，3年OS率为32. 2%，CR患者中位无病生存（DFS）时间为28个月，3年DFS率为43. 7%。 小剂量MA与CAG组患者3年CIR、中位OS时间、OS率、中位DFS时间、DFS率差异均无统计学意义（P值均>0.05）。 多因素分析显示，年龄<70岁（P=0.001）、最终CR（P< 0.001）、伴随NPM1+FLT3-ITD−基因表达（P=0.044）是影响患者OS的独立预后因素。 伴随NPM1+FLT3-ITD−基因表达是影响患者DFS（P=0.042）的独立预后因素。 按照年龄<70岁、最终CR及伴随NPM1+ FLT3-ITD−基因表达三个独立预后因素进行危险度分层，无不良预后因素为低危（13例），具备1个不良预后因素为中危（52例），具备2个及2个以上不良预后因素为高危（31例），三组患者3年OS率和DFS率差异有统计学意义（分别为60. 5%、48.1%和0，P<0.001; 60.2%、39.4%和0，P=0.045），小剂量MA与CAG组比较，在低危、中危及高危患者中的3年OS率和DFS率差异均无统计学意义（P值均>0.05）。 结论 老年AML患者应用CAG与小剂量MA诱导治疗方案疗效近似，年龄<70岁、最终CR及伴随NPM1+FLT3-ITD−基因表达是老年AML患者生存的独立良好预后因素。
Geological and evolutionary underpinnings for the success of Ponto-Caspian species invasions in the Baltic Sea and North American Great Lakes

Between 1985 and 2000, ~70% of new species that invaded the North American Great Lakes were endemic to the Ponto-Caspian (Caspian, Azov, and Black seas) basins of eastern Europe. Sixteen Ponto-Caspian species were also established in the Baltic Sea as of 2000. Many Ponto-Caspian endemic species are characterized by wide environmental tolerances and high phenotypic variability. Ponto-Caspian fauna evolved over millions of years in a series of large lakes and seas with widely varying salinities and water levels and alternating periods of isolation and open connections between the Caspian Sea and Black Sea depressions and between these basins and the Mediterranean Basin and the World Ocean. These conditions probably resulted in selection of Ponto-Caspian endemic species for the broad environmental tolerances and euryhalinity many exhibit. Both the Baltic Sea and the Great Lakes are geologi- cally young and present much lower levels of endemism. The high tolerance of Ponto-Caspian fauna to varying environmental conditions, their ability to survive exposure to a range of salinities, and the similarity in environmental conditions available in the Baltic Sea and Great Lakes probably contribute to the invasion success of these species. Human activities have dramatically increased the opportunities for transport and introduction and have played a cata-
围免疫抑制治疗期感染对重型再生障碍性贫血患者血液学反应及生存的影响

目的 探索围免疫抑制治疗(IST)期(IST前1个月至IST后3个月)感染对重型／极重型再生障碍性贫血(SAA/VSAA)患者IST疗效的影响。 方法 回顾性分析一线行IST的105例SAA/VSAA患者临床资料，研究围IST期感染特征及其对IST疗效的影响。 结果 全部105例患者中，97例(92.4%)发生270例次围IST期感染，中位感染2(1~7)次，中位发热7(1~47) d，发病部位以呼吸道最为常见，占35. 1%。 致病微生物明确的感染96例次(35.6%)，共检出169株病原菌，以细菌为主，占88. 2%。 IST前1个月感染与未感染患者IST后6个月血液学反应率比较差异有统计学意义(50.8％对80.0%，P=0.004)。 ROC曲线优化IST后6个月能否获得血液学反应的感染次数界限值为3次，发热时间界限值为4 d。 全部105例患者5年总生存(OS)率为76%，感染3次及以上患者5年OS率为(59.6±7.2)%，明显低于感染少于3次患者[(89.5±4.0)%] (P<0.01)；发热时间≥4 d患者5年OS率为(63.4±5.8)%，明显低于发热时间<4 d患者(100.0%)(P<0.01)。 结论 IST前1个月感染对IST疗效有影响，围IST期感染3次及以上、发热时间≥4 d患者IST血液学反应率低，生存时间短。
p16INK4a/exon 2 mutations in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region

Conclusions. In the samples of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck region studied, mutations of exon 2 were quite rare. In contrast to the other three mutations, the G to C transversion on position 169 (Ala57Pro) has been found in several other studies before. Further investigations on mutations of the other exons 1α, 1β and 3 are necessary. Objective. Alterations of p16INK4A have been found in different types of human cancer cell lines. The aim of this study was to perform a screening for alterations of exon 2 of different SCCs of the head and neck region. Methods. Forty samples of different SCCs of the head and neck were collected by biopsy or surgical resection. Exon 2 was amplified by using the primers 5′-GGTGAGGGGGCTCTACACAAG-3′ and 5′-GTCTCCCGGGCTGAACTTTC-3′. DNA was sequenced with the primer 5′-CGGGCTGAACTTTCTGTGCT-3′. Results. Mutations were found in 4 of our 40 samples. One sample showed a G to C transversion on position 169 (Ala57Pro), a second sample from the same patient confirmed the latter transition but also contained a transition C to T on position 179 (Ala60Val). Another patient showed an already known polymorphism, a transition G to A at position 442 (Ala148Thr). The third case was a transversion C to A on position 213 (Asn71Lys).
A Brain Network Constructed on an L1-Norm Regression Model Is More Sensitive in Detecting Small World Network Changes in Early AD

Most previous imaging studies have used traditional Pearson correlation analysis to construct brain networks. This approach fails to adequately and completely account for the interaction between adjacent brain regions. In this study, we used the L1-norm linear regression model to test the small-world attributes of the brain networks of three groups of patients, namely, those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and healthy controls (HCs); we attempted to identify the method that may detect minor differences in MCI and AD patients. Twenty-four AD patients, 33 MCI patients, and 27 HC elderly subjects were subjected to functional MRI (fMRI). We applied traditional Pearson correlation and the L1-norm to construct the brain networks and then tested the small-world attributes by calculating the following parameters: clustering coefficient (Cp), path length (Lp), global efficiency (Eg), and local efficiency (Eloc). As expected, L1 could detect slight changes, mainly in MCI patients expressing higher Cp and Eloc; however, no statistical differences were found between MCI patients and HCs in terms of Cp, Lp, Eg, and Eloc, using Pearson correlation. Compared with HCs, AD patients expressed a lower Cp, Eloc, and Lp and an increased Eg using both connectivity metrics. The statistical differences between the groups indicated the brain networks constructed by the L1-norm were more sensitive to detect slight small-world network changes in early stages of AD.
骨髓增生异常综合征患者骨髓单个核细胞自噬水平的研究

目的 研究骨髓增生异常综合征（MDS）患者骨髓单个核细胞（BMMNC）自噬水平的变化，探讨细胞自噬在MDS中的作用。 方法 以38例MDS患者为实验组，以26例巨幼细胞贫血患者为对照组，抽取骨髓并分离BMMNC。 应用透射电镜观察自噬情况；采用单丹（磺）酰戊二胺（MDC）染色法检测自噬泡水平；采用RT-PCR、免疫荧光技术及蛋白免疫印迹法检测微管相关蛋白轻链3（LC3）、Beclin1 mRNA及蛋白的表达水平。 结果 MDS患者BMMNC内易见自噬泡；MDC染色显示MDS患者BMMNC含自噬泡细胞数量显著高于对照组[（9.75±2.63）%对（2.90±0.89）%，P<0.05]；MDS患者BMMNC LC3阳性细胞比例显著高于对照组[（6.13±1.03）%对（1.50±0.58）%，P<0.05]。 低危/中危-1 MDS患者BMMNC Beclin1及LC3A mRNA表达水平显著高于对照组（3.61±3. 02对1. 55±1.03，P<0.05；6.56±3. 97对1. 21±0.95，P<0.05）；低危/中危-1 MDS患者BMMNC自噬负性调控基因-哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶点（mTOR）mRNA水平显著低于对照组（0.39±0. 37对1.50±1.03，P<0.05）；中危-2/高危MDS患者BMMNC Beclin1、LC3和mTOR mRNA表达水平与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义（P值均>0.05）。 蛋白免疫印迹法显示低危/中危-1患者BMMNC Beclin1蛋白表达（1.257±0.197）高于对照组（0.528±0.086）及中危-2/高危（0.622±0.118），差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 中危-2/高危组和对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论 低危/中危-1 MDS患者BMMNC自噬水平升高，中危-2/高危MDS组患者BMMNC自噬水平无明显改变，自噬对MDS患者可能起保护性作用，自噬水平相对不足可能与MDS的进展有关。
PET-CT显像在结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤诊疗中的应用进展

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2016. 12.019 基 金 项 目 :国 家 高 新 技 术 研 究 发 展 计 划(863 计 划) (2008AA02Z426) 作者单位:430022 武汉,华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和 医院核医学科,分子影像湖北省重点实验室 通信作者:兰晓莉,Email:hzslxl@163.com Value of PETCT clinical application in extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma Yang Shirui, Lan Xiaoli Corresponding author: Lan Xiaoli, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China. Email: hzslxl@163.com
非上呼吸消化道原发NK/T细胞淋巴瘤患者的临床特征及生存分析

目的 了解非上呼吸消化道原发NK/T细胞淋巴瘤（NUAT-NKTCL）患者的临床特征及生存情况。 方法 收集44例NUAT-NKTCL患者的临床资料，对其临床特征、疗效及生存进行相关性分析。 结果 44例患者中男31例，女13例，中位年龄39（15～82）岁，Ⅲ/Ⅳ期者27例（61.4%）。 就诊时主要症状为皮肤肿物（21/44）、腹痛（11/44）、睾丸肿大（3/44）及间断咳嗽（2/44）等。 存在B症状者28例（63.6%），ECOG评分≥2分者12例（27.3%），IPI评分≥3分者18例（40.9%），LDH升高者占48. 8%（21/43）。 全组患者均接受化疗为主的治疗，中位随访13. 5（0.3～121.0）个月，共有32例患者死亡，中位生存时间为16个月，1年总生存率为54. 1%。 按照一线治疗方案分组：CHOP或CHOPE方案治疗组26例，完全缓解（CR）5例（19.2%），其中有19例患者接受左旋门冬酰胺酶（L-ASP）为主的挽救化疗，9例（47.7%）获CR，中位随访时间为11个月，中位生存时间为13个月；L-ASP为主的方案一线治疗组18例，CR 10例（55.6%），中位随访时间为15个月，中位生存时间为16个月。 后者较前者CR率提高（P= 0.015），但两组患者总生存时间差异无统计学意义（P=0.774）。 结论 NUAT-NKTCL侵袭性强，患者起病时分期晚。 与传统方案比较采用L-ASP为主的方案可提高NUAT-NKTCL患者的疗效，但其长期生存与上呼吸消化道原发患者相比仍不理想，需要探索更为有效的治疗策略。
血清游离轻链比值及差值对初诊多发性骨髓瘤患者预后价值的评估与比较

目的 比较评估初诊时血清游离轻链比值（rFLC）及差值（dFLC）对多发性骨髓瘤（MM）患者预后的价值。 方法 收集整理2012年1月至2016年3月有FLC检测记录的479例初治MM患者的相关临床资料，采用四分位间距法将rFLC、dFLC进行分组。 将rFLC分别为3组：≤14.828、14.828~364.597、≥364.597。 将dFLC分为3组：≤112.85 mg/L、112.85~2 891.83 mg/L、≥2 891.83 mg/L。 随后分别对不同分组进行预后分析比较。 使用Kaplan-Meier进行无进展生存（PFS）和总生存期（OS）比较，使用Cox回归进行单因素、多因素预后相关性分析。 结果 不同截断范围rFLC或dFLC患者的OS及PFS差异均有统计学意义。 rFLC≤14.828组OS明显优于其他两组（未达到对61个月对47个月，P=0.019）；PFS与rFLC 14.828~364.597组相比，差异无统计学意义（P=0.227），与rFLC≥364.597相比，差异有统计学意义（P=0.024）。 dFLC≤112.85 mg/L组与其他两组相比PFS、OS差异均有统计学意义。 单因素、多因素分析显示rFLC仅与患者OS显著相关，而dFLC与患者OS、PFS均显著相关。 4年OS率比较，rFLC≤14.828组4年OS率达90. 84%，明显高于其他两组（59.29%、62.26%）；dFLC≤112.85 mg/L组4年OS率达89. 97%，明显高于其他两组（41.32%、71.95%）（P<0.05）。 结论 对于初治MM患者，不同截断范围的rFLC、dFLC对患者生存预后影响不同。 其中rFLC≤14.828或dFLC≤112.85 mg/L，其生存预后差异更为明显，且具有更低的死亡风险，危险比也更低。 以此截断值判断患者预后较为理想。
Natural variability in photosynthetic energy conversion efficiency: A field study in the Gulf of Maine

The maximal change in the quantum yield of fluorescence (A&,,) is a quantitative measure of photosynthetic conversion efhcicncy of phytoplankton. Using a pump-and-probe fluorometer, we measured A&, along the 100-m isobath in the Gulf of Maine in June 1987. The hydrographic regime was charactcrizcd by a nutrient-rich, vertically mixed region in the northcast and a nutrientdepleted, stratified region to the southwest. The results reveal that A&,, is strongly related to the rate of supply of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and provide strong evidence that photosynthetic energy conversion can be nutrient limited in natural phytoplankton communities.
MicroRNA-191在T淋巴母细胞性白血病/淋巴瘤中的表达及其作用机制研究

目的 探讨MicroRNA-191（miR-191）与T淋巴母细胞性白血病/淋巴瘤（T-ALL/LBL）的相关性及其作用机制。 方法 采用荧光实时定量PCR（qRT-PCR）法检测20例T-ALL/LBL患者肿瘤组织和20例淋巴结反应性增生（LRH）患者淋巴结组织中miR-191的表达，并分析其与临床预后的关系。 构建反义miR-191慢病毒载体（LV-miR-191-KD）和阴性对照载体（LV-NC-GFP）并转染T-ALL细胞系Jurkat细胞，qRT-PCR法检测miR-191的表达水平。 分别用CCK-8法和流式细胞术检测下调miR-191后的细胞活性、细胞周期和凋亡。 结果 T-ALL/LBL患者组miR-191表达水平明显高于LRH患者组（1.875±0. 079对1.000，P=0.001），以miR-191表达量的中位数为界，将T-ALL/LBL患者分为高表达组（10例）与低表达组（10例），高表达组患者3年OS率明显低于低表达组（26%对82%，P=0.021）。 转染48 h后，LV-miR-191-KD组Jurkat细胞miR-191表达水平（0.578±0.012）较LV-NC-GFP组（1.011±0.053）和未转染对照组（1.000）显著降低（P值分别为0. 018和0.021），细胞凋亡比例显著升高（P值均<0.05），细胞周期阻滞于G0/G1期，并抑制从G1期向S期转化。 结论 miR-191在T-ALL/LBL的发生、发展过程中起促进作用，可能作为T-ALL/LBL治疗的潜在靶点。
WT1基因在急性髓系白血病微小残留病监测中的应用

目的 研究WT1基因作为微小残留病（MRD）监测指标在急性髓系白血病（AML）预后中的应用，并探索WT1 mRNA预测复发的阈值。 方法 回顾性分析121例诱导缓解并行巩固治疗的AML患者（非急性早幼粒细胞白血病）WT1 mRNA的动态表达水平。 比较巩固治疗后不同转归组患者的WT1 mRNA表达水平，依据受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线确定可预测临床复发的WT1 mRNA阈值。 WT1 mRNA水平采用实时定量聚合酶链反应（RQ-PCR）法检测。 结果 确立WT1 mRNA>2.98%提示高风险复发。 为了临床应用方便，将提示复发的WT1 mRNA阈值设为3.00%。 41例患者初诊时检测了WT1 mRNA水平，剔除3例初诊WT1 mRNA低于3.00%的患者，余下38例患者初诊WT1 mRNA中位值为44. 09%（7.19%~188.06%）。 缓解期351份标本WT1 mRNA检测值中位为0. 48%（0~8.41%）。 初诊WT1 mRNA水平高于缓解期水平。 除外初诊WT1 mRNA水平低于3.00%的3例患者，巩固治疗开始后WT1阳性组（>3.00%）和阴性组（≤3.00%）复发率分别为70. 0%（14/20）和12. 2%（12/98）（P<0.001）。 WT1 mRNA升高达阈值后到复发的中位时间为58 d。 结论 WT1基因可以作为AML患者巩固治疗开始后的MRD监测指标，WT1 mRNA>3.00%提示存在复发风险。
Lipid Peroxidation Induces Reactive Astrogliosis by Activating WNT/β-Catenin Pathway in Hydrocephalus

Background Hydrocephalus induces mechanical and biochemical changes in neural cells of the brain. Astrogliosis, as the hallmark of cellular changes in white matter, is involved in demyelination process, re-myelination inhibitory effect, and inhibition of axonal elongation and regeneration. The pathophysiology of this process is not well understood. The purpose of the present study is to elucidate the effect of lipid peroxidation product on astrogliosis through WNT/ β-catenin in kaolin-induced hydrocephalic rats. Methods The study used kaolin-induced hydrocephalic rats. Obstructive hydrocephalus was expected to develop within seven days after induction. The hydrocephalus animals were killed at day 7, 14 and 21 after induction. One group of the saline-injected animals was used for sham-treatment. Results We demonstrated that the hydrocephalic rats exhibited a high expression of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) in the periventricular area. The expression of β-catenin also increased, following the pattern of 4-HNE. Reactive astrocyte, expressed by positive glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), was upregulated in an incremental fashion as well as the microglia. Conclusion This work suggests that lipid peroxidation product, 4-HNE, activated the WNT/β-catenin pathway, leading to the development of reactive astrocyte and microglia activation in hydrocephalus.
IA方案和HAD方案诱导治疗FLT3-ITD突变阳性急性髓系白血病疗效比较

一、研究对象 回顾性分析2012年1月至2017年6月本院收治的96例 初治的FLT3-ITDAML患者(非急性早幼粒细胞白血病),其 中男 41例,女 55例,中位年龄 35(15~62)岁。 患者的诊断 符合文献[5]标准。 临床资料详见表 1。 根据基因检测结 果,将患者分为:1FLT3-ITD单突变组(FLT3-ITD+,未合并 其他基因突变);2仅合并 NPM1 基因突变组(FLT3-ITD NPM1 +);3仅合并 DNMT3A 基因突变组(FLT3ITD + DNMT3A +);4仅合并 CEBPA 基因突变组(FLT3ITD + CEBPA +);5合并 NPM1、CEBPA 基因突变组(FLT3-ITD + NPM1 + CEBPA +);6合并 NPM1、DNMT3A 基因突变组 (FLT3-ITD+NPM1+DNMT3A+);7合并DNMT3A、CEBPA基 因突变组(FLT3-ITDDNMT3ACEBPA)。 96例患者根据诱 导治疗方案分为 IA方案组和HAD方案组。 二、研究方法 1. 诱导治疗方案:IA方案:去甲氧柔红霉素(IDA)10~ 12 mg·m-2·d-1×3 d,阿糖胞苷(Ara-C)100~150 mg·m-2·d-1× 7 d;HAD方案:高三尖杉酯碱(HHT)1.5~2.0 mg·m-2·d-1× 7 d,Ara-C 100 mg · m2 · d1 ×7 d,柔红霉素(DNR) 40 mg·m-2·d-1×3 d。 2. 疗效评价标准:完全缓解(CR)、部分缓解(PR)、未缓 解(NR)、复发的评估标准参见文献[6]。 3. 缓解后治疗:达到CR的患者尽快进行异基因造血干 细胞移植(allo-HSCT),因经济条件、配型结果、个人意愿等 不符合 allo-HSCT条件的患者行巩固治疗,予大剂量 Ara-C (3 g/m,每12 h 1次,6个剂量)3~4个疗程,单药应用;首次 诱导治疗未达到CR的患者,进行再诱导化疗,缓解后尽快接 受allo-HSCT。 4. 随访:采用电话或查阅病历的方式进行随访,随访截 止时间为 2017年 6月 1日。 总生存(OS)时间指从确诊之日 到死亡日期(包括任何原因)或末次随访日止。 无复发生存 (RFS)时间指从确诊之日到疾病复发的时间。 三、统计学处理 连续变量的比较采用独立样本的 t检验,样本率之间的 比较采用卡方检验,生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier法,不同组 别生存率比较采用Log-rank检验,统计分析采用SPSS 20.0 软件。 P<0. 05为差异有统计学意义。
儿童单倍型造血干细胞移植后巨细胞病毒感染临床分析

Clinical analysis of cytomegalovirus infection after haplotype hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children Shi Hongyu, Cheng Yifei, Huang Xiaojun, Wang Yu, Suo Pan, Xu Lanping, Liu Kaiyan, Zhang Xiaohui, Yan Chenhua, Wang Fengrong, Sun Yuqian, Zhang Shen, Kong Jun, Gao Yanqun, Xie Yunxia Department of Hematology, Shanxi Children’s Hospital, Taiyuan 030013, China; Peking University Institute of Hematology and Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; Department of Hematology, Shanxi Dayi Hospital, Taiyuan 030032, China Corresponding author: Cheng Yifei, Email: chengyifei182@sina.com