Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Differential gene expression analysis of symbiotic and aposymbiotic Exaiptasia anemones under immune challenge with Vibrio coralliilyticus

Abstract Anthozoans are a class of Cnidarians that includes scleractinian corals, anemones, and their relatives. Despite a global rise in disease epizootics impacting scleractinian corals, little is known about the immune response of this key group of invertebrates. To better characterize the anthozoan immune response, we used the model anemone Exaiptasia pallida to explore the genetic links between the anthozoan–algal symbioses and immunity in a two‐factor RNA‐Seq experiment using both symbiotic and aposymbiotic (menthol‐bleached) Exaiptasia pallida exposed to the bacterial pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus. Multivariate and univariate analyses of Exaiptasia gene expression demonstrated that exposure to live Vibrio coralliilyticus had strong and significant impacts on transcriptome‐wide gene expression for both symbiotic and aposymbiotic anemones, but we did not observe strong interactions between symbiotic state and Vibrio exposure. There were 4,164 significantly differentially expressed (DE) genes for Vibrio exposure, 1,114 DE genes for aposymbiosis, and 472 DE genes for the additive combinations of Vibrio and aposymbiosis. KEGG enrichment analyses identified 11 pathways—involved in immunity (5), transport and catabolism (4), and cell growth and death (2)—that were enriched due to both Vibrio and/or aposymbiosis. Immune pathways showing strongest differential expression included complement, coagulation, nucleotide‐binding, and oligomerization domain (NOD), and Toll for Vibrio exposure and coagulation and apoptosis for aposymbiosis.
Elucidation of the Ammonium Major Facilitator (AMF) Family in Plants

iv Declaration . vi Acknowledgement . vii 1. Literature review . 1 1.1 Nitrogen in agriculture . 1 1.2 Current understanding of ammonium transport in Arabidopsis thaliana . 2 1.2. 1 Ammonium transport by AMT protein families . 2 1.2. 2 Ammonium transport by non-AMT protein families . 4 1.2. 3 Identification of Ammonium Major Facilitator (AMF) families . 5 1.3 Ammonium toxicity . 6 1.3. 1 Ammonium toxicity in plants . 6 1.3. 2 Ammonium toxicity tolerance mechanisms: efflux and sequestration . 7 1.3. 3 K+ and NO3are essential for NH4+ toxicity alleviation . 9 1.4 Aims, significance and contribution of the project to the discipline . 10 2. AMF studies in Arabidopsis thaliana . 12 2.
Effects of Insulin on Hemodynamics and Metabolism in Human Forearm

We investigated the vascular response (blood flow and resting vascular resistance) and the metabolic response (exchange of metabolites and respiratory gases) to local insulin administration in the forearms of healthy young volunteers with the use of the perfused-forearm technique. In the postabsorptive state, the deep tissues of the forearm (mostly skeletal muscle) took up glucose (mean ± SE 1.09 ± 0.17 μmol · min−1 · dl−1 forearm vol), β-hydroxybutyrate (0.267 ± 0.130 μmol · min−1 · dl1), and O2 (9.96 ± 1.02 μmol · min−1 · dl−1) and released lactate (0.284 ± 0.098 μmol · min−1 · dl−1), glycerol (0.029 ± 0.012 μmol · min−1 · dl−1), citrate (0.091 ± 0.030 μmol · min−1 · dl1), alanine (0.184 ± 0.044 μmol · min−1 · dl−1), Co2 (7.36 ± 0.97 μmol · min−1 · dl−1), and protons (12.1 ±1.4 pmol · min−1 · dl−1). Forearm blood flow (by venous occlusion plethysmography) was 2.95 ± 0.18 ml · min−1 · dl−1, and intra-arterial systolic/diastolic blood pressure was 116 ± 3/76 ± 2 mmHg. Local indirect calorimetry indicated dominance of fat as the oxidative substrate (RQ 0.76 ± 0.09) and an energy expenditure rate of 1.03 ± 0.11 cal · min−1 · dl−1 forearm vol. One hundred minutes of intra-arterial insulin infusion (deep venous plasma insulin concn of 125 ± 11 μU/ml) had no detectable effect on forearm blood flow, resting forearm vascular resistance, heart rate, or blood pressure. Local hyperinsulinemia significantly stimulated glucose uptake (to 4.79 ± 0.61 μmol · min−1 · dl−1 forearm vol, P <0.001), lactate and pyruvate release (to 0.710 ± 0.093 and 0.032 ± 0.016 μmol · min−1 · dl−1 forearm vol, respectively; P < 0.01 for both), potassium uptake (0.76 ± 0.22 μeq · min−1 · dl−1, P < 0.001), and free fatty acid uptake (0.123 ± 0.041 μmol · min−1 · dl−1 forearm vol, P < 0.05); glycerol balance switched to a net uptake (P < 0.001), alanine release was restrained by 33% (P < 0.05), and β-hydroxybutyrate and citrate release were unchanged. Despite these metabolic changes, local rates of substrate oxidation and energy expenditure were not altered by insulin. In contrast, forearm proton release was significantly stimulated by insulin (to 14.8 ±1.4 pmol · min−1 · dl−1 P < 0.02). Proton release was also found to be directly related to resting forearm vascular resistance independent of the effect of insulin (multiple r = 0.64, P < 0.001). We conclude that, in the deep tissues of human forearm, physiological hyperinsulinemia 1) has no acute hemodynamic action, 2) stimulates glucose uptake and restrains lipolysis but does not change the pattern of substrate oxidation, 3) exerts no thermogenic effect, and 4) promotes net extrusion of protons. The fact that, in the same district, vascular resistance bears a direct relationship to proton release suggests that resting vascular tone and skeletal muscle metabolism may be related characteristics in humans.
Reduction in voluntary activation of elbow and wrist muscles in individuals with chronic hemiparetic stroke

After a stroke, descending drive is impaired due to the loss of corticospinal and corticobulbar projections which causes a reduction in voluntary activation or an inability of the nervous system to activate muscles to their full capacity, which in turn contributes to weakness of the upper extremity. Voluntary activation has not been quantified at specific joints in the upper extremity, in part because directly assessing changes descending drive is difficult. In this study, voluntary activation of elbow and wrist flexors and extensors was assessed in participants with chronic hemiparetic stroke using twitch interpolation. Twitch interpolation uses electrical stimulation to estimate voluntary activation and relies on the principle that there is an inverse relationship between the amplitude of a twitch evoked by a stimulus and the voluntary force output during stimulation (Taylor, 2009). We measured voluntary activation using twitch interpolation as well as maximum voluntary torque (MVT) of the elbow and wrist flexors and extensors in the paretic and non-paretic limb of ten participants post stroke and the dominant and non-dominant limb of 2 control participants. Results show, MVT interlimb differences were significantly greater for stroke participants compared to control, across muscle groups (p≤0.005). For stroke participants, MVT interlimb differences were significantly greater at the wrist compared to the elbow (P=0.003). Voluntary activation was significantly less in the paretic limb compared to the non-paretic, dominant and non-dominant limbs, across participants and muscle groups (p<0.005 for all four muscle groups). For the stroke participants, the voluntary activation interlimb difference was significantly greater for the wrist muscles compared to the elbow muscles (p<0.005). There was a significant positive correlation (r = 0.39, P = .022) between each participant’s impairment level, as measured by a hand specific subscore of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment, and the wrist extensor voluntary activation in the paretic limb but the relationship was not significant for the other muscle groups.
Ingestible Osmotic Pill for In-vivo Sampling of Gut Microbiome

Technologies capable of non-invasively sampling different locations in the gut upstream of the colon will enable new insights into the role of organ-specific microbiota in human health. We present an ingestible, biocompatible, battery-less, 3D-printed micro-engineered pill with integrated osmotic sampler and microfluidic channels for in vivo sampling of the gut lumen and its microbiome upstream of the colon. The pill’s sampling performance was characterized using realistic in vitro models and validated in vivo in pigs and primates. Our results show that the bacterial populations recovered from the pills’ microfluidic channels closely resemble the bacterial population demographics of the microenvironment to which the pill was exposed. We believe such lab-on-a-pill devices will revolutionize our understanding of the spatial diversity of the gut microbiome and its response to medical conditions and treatments.
Nutritional Compositions of Selected Green Leafy Vegetables in Oyo State, Nigeria

The nutritional compositions of selected green leafy vegetables obtained from major towns in Oyo State, Nigeria, (March and April) were determined using standard analytical methods for proximate analysis. The following nutrients in percentage were determined; moisture contents, ash, fat, crude fibre and crude protein. The green leafy vegetable used are Talium triangulare, Amaranthus hybridus, Launaena taraxacifolia Ocimum gratissimum, Celosia argentea, Cucuribita maxima, Abelimoschus esculentus, Solanum macrocarpon, Vernonia amygdalina and Sesamum indicum. All nutrients were present in appreciable quantities. Moisture contents ranged from 5.33 ± 0.06% 8.33 ± 0.06%, ash (23.07 ± 0.06% 61.27 ± 0.06%), fat (1.13 ± 0.06% 3.37 ± 0.06%), crude fibre (2.43 ± 0.12% 22.03 ± 0.06%), and crude protein (18.50 ± 0.10% 55.23 ± 0.06%). The functional properties of vegetables were close in term of high protein level indicating that they are more nutritious. Also, the level of their ash content showed that the vegetables are very rich in essential Original Research Article Okewole et al.; AJACR, 1(1): 1-7, 2018; Article no.AJACR. 40617 2 minerals for healthy life when compared with one another and recommended dietary allowance (RDA). Thus, there is a need for farmers in the area to engage in dry season vegetable production so as to ensure availability of leafy vegetables throughout the year.
Mock-3D Web Application: Interactive Lighting, Rendering and Shading for 2D Artwork

In this thesis, we developed a web-based tool to allow artists to create 3D-looking stylized depictions based on 2D artwork with complete visual control. The controls include multiple lights with diffuse reflections and specular highlights, and refraction and mirror reflection with Fresnel control. Our controls do not necessarily correspond to underlying physical phenomena; however, they still provided results that are visually similar to 3D realistic rendering. The core of this approach is using paintable shape maps, which are similar to normal maps. The shape maps do not have to correspond to 3D shapes and, therefore, they can allow the artist to obtain incoherent and impossible 2D shapes with 3D appearance. Another contribution is that we linearized Fresnel Curve so that it can be controlled by two sliders. This allows it to achieve an intuitive blending of the results of refraction and reflection.
Design Principles for Cell Phone Learning in EFL.

Mobile learning (M-learning) has a brief history starting from 1970s in which mobile technologies were invented Cui & Wang, 2008). Mobile learning is associated with a wide range of mobile devices, such as personal digital assistants (PDAs), cell phones, Tablet PCs, Pocket PCs, iPods, and palm computers (Ally, 2005; Chinnery, 2006). Modern cell phones have combined features of various mobile devices, which make cell phone learning (C-learning) representative in M-learning. Features of cell phones also make it possible for C-learning to exceed the limitation of “elearning through mobile computational devices” (Quinn, 2000, p.1), and become a multi-talented instructional approach that enriches classroom teaching.
The role of nucleotides in the nutrition of newly weaned pigs

A major challenge to the pig industry is to find potential alternatives for in-feed subtherapeutic antibiotics (used as antimicrobial growth promoters, AGP) in starter diets of weaner pigs to mitigate weaning-associated growth stasis. The effect of a nucleotide-rich yeast extract (NRYE) as an in-feed AGP alternative was investigated using four studies. The first study investigated the effect of supplementing 0.1 and 0.2% NRYE without or with the recommended AGP dosage on growth performance and nutrient utilization. Supplementing AGP without or with 0.1% NRYE improved growth performance compared with control, whereas supplementing 0.1 or 0.2% NRYE without AGP resulted in similar growth performance as AGP. The second study investigated the potential of 0.1% NRYE to fully or partially substitute in-feed AGP in piglet diets supplemented with graded levels (25, 50, 75 and 100%) of the recommended AGP dosage. Supplementing NRYE improved growth performance compared to control, increasing AGP level reduced the beneficial effect of NRYE in piglets receiving more than 25% of recommended AGP. The third study investigated the effect of NRYE on growth performance, immune response, gut structure and gut microbiota using a sanitary challenge model. Supplementing 0.1% NRYE to piglets under unsanitary conditions improved ileal immune response by upregulating inflammatory cytokines, and positively modulating proliferation of beneficial gut bacteria and suppression of harmful ones in both clean and unclean rooms. In the fourth study, an E. coli lipopolysaccharide challenge model was used to study the effect of NRYE without or with carbohydrases (ENZ) on growth performance, blood profile, immune response and gut structure. Lipopolysaccharide-challenged piglets receiving NRYE or ENZ + NRYE showed beneficial responses in gut structure, blood cell profile and immunity commensurate with AGP, though the latter had better overall growth performance. Taken together, the results show that NRYE may improve growth performance of weaner pigs by modulating the
Aprendendo a viver ao longo da vida: desafios de pesquisa sobre a construção da pessoa

1 Pós Doutorado Júnior em Psicologia Social (UERJ). Pós-Doutorado (FAPERJ) Professora Adjunta do Instituto de Psicologia, coordenadora do PPGPS – UERJ. E-mail: ednaponciano@uol.com. br 2 Mestranda em Psicologia Social UERJ. 3 Doutoranda em Psicologia Social UERJ 4 Graduando em Psicologia UERJ Um livro denso escrito por uma única autora demanda muito estudo e trabalho de análise, refletindo uma longa e rica trajetória, que se expressa em 666 páginas. Kathleen Stassen Berger, que atua principalmente na área de educação e possui vários artigos e estudos sobre o desenvolvimento psicológico, em todas as fases do ciclo de vida, escreveu um livro que acompanha as vidas das pessoas que pesquisam e das que são pesquisadas. Certamente, não é à toa que o termo aprendizagem é utilizado logo no prefácio, para ressaltar que aprendemos ao longo da vida. Aprender a partir de uma disciplina como a do Psicologia do Desenvolvimento ajuda a ter “respostas sábias”, ressalta a autora, ao afirmar que podemos fazer isso juntos, para espalhar o bem. É um livro com um tom pessoal, relatando histórias reais, ao mesmo tempo que enfatiza a importância do conhecimento científico, estabelecendo conexões entre as teorias, as pesquisas e a vida. Em um formato didático, procura abranger uma diversidade cultural reconhecendo as diferenças individuais, que se apresentam ao longo do tempo. Apresenta, dessa forma, uma proposta desafiadora que abarca uma compreensão de que o desenvolvimento, apesar de ser estudado em fases, deve ser visto como um todo.
Application in Person-Job Fit Evaluation of Support Vector Machine

In the process of human resource deployment for one city housing fund management center,it can be found that measuring models of person-post matching based on support vector machine have greater precision than the models based on BP artificial neural networks,and also have a more favorable effect in the case of less sample quantity through the instance study.If organizations plan to evaluate the talent-post matching based on the measuring models of support vector machine and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,they should first establish proper measurement index system by the scientific job analysis,then structure post matching degree matrix and post candidate fuzzy matrices,and finally measure and calculate matching degree with the method of least square support vector machines.
Zingiber officinalis and Eucalyptus globulus, Potent Lethal/Repellent Agents against Rhipicephalus bursa, Probable Carrier for Zoonosis

Background: Rhipicephalus bursa is a hard tick with importance in transmission of tick-borne diseases and zoonosis. Natural products are excellent alternative to pesticides. In this study for the first time, lethal and repellent activity of Zingiber officinalis and Eucalyptus globulus against Rh. bursa were studied. Methods: In July till September of 2017, essential oils were extracted in Shahrekord University, Iran from fresh plant materials and engorged mature ticks were collected from infested sheep herd located in Saman, Iran. Ticks were challenged by different concentrations of essential oils including 300, 500 and 800µl/ml and 1 (pure) singly and/or in combination. Percentages of killed and repellent ticks as efficacy of acaricidal and repellent activity of essential oils against Rh. bursa were calculated and analyzed statistically. Results: Efficacy of eucalyptus essential oils was more in whole concentrations and its highest performance was observed in concentration 1 (pure). Efficacies of ginger and combined essential oils were different for each concentration but their highest efficacies were observed in concentration 1 (pure), too. Conclusion: This study showed considerable values of acaricidal and repellent activity against Rh. bursa for both essential oils singly and in combination, so they can be considered as potent lethal/repellent agents for control of ticks, but more studies need for this purpose, study on lethal/repellent activity of these essential oils and/or other plants against other important arthropods can be considered as subjects for next experiments.
Reshaping the tumor microenvironment: The versatility of immunomodulatory drugs in B-cell neoplasms

Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) such as thalidomide, lenalidomide and pomalidomide are antitumor compounds that have direct tumoricidal activity and indirect effects mediated by multiple types of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). IMiDs have shown remarkable therapeutic efficacy in a set of B-cell neoplasms including multiple myeloma, B-cell lymphomas and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. More recently, the advent of immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of these B-cell neoplasms. However, the success of immunotherapy is restrained by immunosuppressive signals and dysfunctional immune cells in the TME. Due to the pleiotropic immunobiological properties, IMiDs have shown to generate synergetic effects in preclinical models when combined with monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors or CAR-T cell therapy, some of which were successfully translated to the clinic and lead to improved responses for both first-line and relapsed/refractory settings. Mechanistically, despite cereblon (CRBN), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is considered as considered as the major molecular target responsible for the antineoplastic activities of IMiDs, the exact mechanisms of action for IMiDs-based TME re-education remain largely unknown. This review presents an overview of IMiDs in regulation of immune cell function and their utilization in potentiating efficacy of immunotherapies across multiple types of B-cell neoplasms.
A review of the essential visual skills required for soccer: Beyond 20–20 optometry

In ball sports such as soccer, the visual system is critical in guiding a player's search for crucial information that underpins skillful behavior, which requires the incorporation of all of the relevant information in the environment in order to make successful decisions under pressure. However, vision in sport, and focusing on the specific visual skills required to be successful in a particular sport has largely been a practice ignored by experts and coaches as being an essential component of athletic performance. This is the first attempt to summarize and compile the necessary visual skills for soccer. This review's evidence suggests that, while current research still tends to focus on visual skills as a whole, there is a need to streamline this focus to the necessities of a particular sport. Furthermore, in identifying the visual skills essential for soccer, it allows for the effective training and testing of these skills, as well as for talent identification.
Mutations in a single signaling pathway allow growth on a different solvent than water

Since life is completely dependent on water, it is difficult to gauge the impact of solvent change. To analyze the role of water as a solvent in biology, we replaced water with heavy water (D2O), and investigated the biological effects by a wide range of techniques, using the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe as model organism. We show that high concentrations of D2O lead to altered glucose metabolism, growth retardation, and inhibition of meiosis. However, mitosis and overall cell viability were only slightly affected. After prolonged incubation in D2O, cells displayed gross morphological changes, thickened cell walls as well as aberrant septa and cytoskeletal organization. RNA sequencing revealed that D2O causes a strong downregulation of most tRNAs and triggers activation of the general stress response pathway. Genetic screens identified several D2O sensitive mutants, while mutants compromised in the cell integrity pathway, including the protein kinase genes pmk1, mkh1, pek1 and pck2, that control cell wall biogenesis, were more tolerant to D2O. We speculate that D2O affects the phospholipid membrane or cell wall glycans causing an activation of the cell integrity pathway. In conclusion, the effects of solvent replacement are pleiotropic but the D2O-triggered activation of the cell integrity pathway and subsequent increased deposition of cell wall material and septation problems appear most critical for the cell growth defects.
Operationalising Adaptive Campaigning Topics: C2 Concepts, Theory and Policy, Networks and Networking

For highly complex missions, it is not realistic to expect to “get it right” from the outset. The initial conditions are much less important than the ability to improve performance over time. This is the aim of Adaptive Campaigning. We present a methodology that is a first step towards achieving this aim, based on the notion of an explicit, shared, Causal and Influence Network (C&IN). Firstly, we describe the feedback loops between the force and its environment, which provides the basis for adaptation. Secondly, we analyse the flow of information between the environment and the C&IN. This reveals the need for targeted probing actions that generate small information-rich signals, in contrast to a sensor grid that would collect large amounts of information-poor data. Thirdly, we outline the features and composition of the C&IN and discuss how it may be evolved, represented and used. Fourthly, we reflect on the assumptions and limitations of our approach. In conclusion, we highlight how this novel approach to adaptive campaigning can capture lessons learned across rotations, increase adaptability at all scales, levels and classes, and thereby significantly improve the chances for successful outcomes.