Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A modified Lempel-Ziv algorithm and its application to image compaction

A modified Lempel-Ziv (1978) algorithm (m-LZA) for data compaction is proposed. The performance of the m-LZA in terms of compaction rate is better than the performance of the LZA. The improvement realized by examining the tree structure underlying the LZA is corroborated by comparing the compaction rates obtained with the application of both algorithms to the compaction of image data. Another interesting feature of the m-LZA is its independence of the size of the source alphabet. <<ETX>>
Systems reliability and availability prediction and comparison with field data for a mid-range computer

The author describes reliability and availability prediction based on systems evaluation through Markov modelling and comparison of results with field observations of a sample of mid-range computer systems with mirrored disks. The system uses single level architecture with disk striping. Reliability evaluation revealed that, with mirroring, the disk system and the intermediate FRUs (field replaceable units) between the disk system and the processor will be duplicated. Hence, system failures would be limited to the processor which is not duplicated. The validity of the prediction was checked by field monitoring of the performance of four systems with mirrored disks. Good agreement between the predicted and observed reliability and availability estimates was observed reliability and availability estimates was observed for the system hardware. As a result of disk monitoring the disk system is totally fault tolerant. <<ETX>>
Design of Line Scratch Detection and Restoration Algorithm using GPU

This paper proposes a linear scratch detection and restoration algorithm using pixel data comparison in a single frame or consecutive frames. There exists a high parallelism in that a scratch detection and restoration algorithm needs a large amount of comparison operations. The proposed scratch detection and restoration algorithm is designed with a GPU for fast computation. We test the proposed algorithm in sequential and parallel processing with the set of digital videos in National Archive of Korea. In the experiments, the scratch detection rate of consecutive frames is as fast as about 20% for that of a single frame. The detection and restoration rates of a ∙제1저자 : 이준구 ∙교신저자 : 이준구 ∙투고일 : 2013. 11. 15, 심사일 : 2013. 12. 10, 게재확정일 : 2014. 2. 28. * 단국대학교 컴퓨터과학과(Dept. of Computer Science, Dankook University) ** (주)엘앤와이비젼(L&Y Vision Technologies, Inc) *** 단국대학교 운동의과학과(Dept. of Kinesiologic Medical Science & Computer Science, Dankook University) ※ 이 논문은 행정안전부 국가기록원 재원으로 2012년 기록보존 기술 연구개발사업의 지원을 받아 수행됨. 10 Journal of The Korea Society of Computer and Information April 2014 GPU-based algorithm are similar to those of a CPU-based algorithm, but the parallel implementation speeds up to about 50 times. ▸
Low-delay QMF banks with equiripple complex reconstruction error

A method for the design of two-channel low-delay QMF banks with equiripple complex reconstruction error is proposed. A weighted objective function in which the reconstruction error is defined in terms of the difference between the frequency response of the filter bank and that of an ideal allpass channel is constructed. Based on this objective function an iterative algorithm is developed which forces the magnitude of the complex reconstruction error to become equiripple. The paper concludes with design examples which illustrate the efficiency of the algorithm and the performance of the filter banks designed.
Joint source-channel decoding of variable-length encoded sources

In systems that employ source coding, imperfect compression may leave some redundancy in the data at the input to the channel encoder. This paper presents a new method for exploiting that redundancy via joint source-channel maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoding. The technique may be applied to systems that employ a variable-length source code in conjunction with a channel code; the decoder uses the residual redundancy that remains after compression to enhance robustness. The proposed technique (applicable to both memoryless and Markov sources) combines the source model, the source decoder and the channel decoder to construct a joint decoder with a conventional Viterbi structure. Simulation results comparing the performance of this approach with the conventional tandem decoding approach are presented.
Tabular summary of SIR-C/X-SAR results: synthetic aperture radar frequency and polarization requirements for applications in ecology and hydrology

The Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C, X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) was the first multifrequency and multipolarization SAR system to be launched into space. SIR-C is a two-frequency radar which simultaneously acquires polarimetric C-band (5.8 cm wavelength) and polarimetric L-band (23.5 cm wavelength). X-SAR operates at X-band (3.1 cm wavelength) and vertical polarization (VV). SIR-C/X-SAR was carried in the cargo bay of the Space Shuttle Endeavour in April and October 1994, imaging over 300 sites around the Earth and returning 143 terabits of data. SIR-C/X-SAR data have been used to validate algorithms (developed from earlier aircraft data) which produce maps of vegetation type and biomass, snow, soil and vegetation moisture or the distribution of wetlands. A polarimetric X- and L-band radar is suggested as a result of this overview for future SAR sensors.
Android based Mobile Device Rooting Attack Detection and Response Mechanism using Events Extracted from Daemon Processes

Recently, the number of attacks by malicious application has significantly increased, targeting Android-platform mobile terminal such as Samsung Galaxy Note and Galaxy Tab 10.1. The malicious application can be distributed to currently used mobile devices through open market masquerading as an normal application. An attacker inserts malicious code into an application, which might threaten privacy by rooting attack. Once the rooting attack is successful, malicious code can collect and steal private data stored in mobile terminal, for example, SMS messages, contacts list, and public key certificate for banking. To protect the private information from the malicious attack, malicious code detection, rooting attack detection and countermeasure method are required. To meet this end, this paper investigates rooting attack mechanism for Android-platform mobile terminal. Based on that, this paper proposes countermeasure system that enables to extract and collect events related to attacks occurring from mobile terminal, which contributes to active protection from malicious attacks.
Improving Usability of Camera Preview with Aesthetical Rule in Digital Design Environment

We propose a method in this paper which improves the speed and effects of visualization process in product concept design. In digital product design software, the preview mode and render mode are for simple usage without optimization. The designers need to adjust the view by themselves. To improve the preview result for more usability, we defined a method based on aesthetical rules. The rule defines the virtual camera used in design software in which how target object will be shown. Then it is used to compute the movement of the camera in virtual environment. The movement path is computed automatically among different preview angles for even different preview targets.
Ask the Expert: Clinical dilemmas in asthma

1. There is only one published study in the literature showing that some but not all children with severe asthma showed benefi t [1]. This was an open study, therefore a placebo effect cannot be ruled out, and it is only one study examining ~10 children. Prof. A. Bush from the Royal Brompton Hospital (London, UK) is currently conducting a double-blind study, so within the next year we will have evidence from one properly conducted study. I think the patient’s asthma phenotype may help us understand which individuals might benefi t from constant bronchodilatation. If a patient has sputum eosinophilia and frequent exacerbations, I would certainly insist on high-dose steroids; I believe that those patients are at risk from a reduction of their steroid dose combined with an increased dose of bronchodilatation. If on the other hand, the patient has no eosinophilia and no frequent exacerbations but is handicapped in his everyday activity by breathlessness, I might consider a short trial under very close monitoring and I would probably do it with the patient hospitalised. I think inhaled 2-agonists, whether inhaled or nebulised, work very well in the nonacute severe setting and that systemic dosing has more side-effects.
Provably Correct Compiler Generation

We have designed, implemented, and proved the correctness of a compiler generator that accepts action semantic descriptions of imperative programming languages. We have used it to generate compilers for both a toy language and a non-trivial subset of Ada. The generated compilers emit absolute code for an abstract RISC machine language that is assembled into code for the SPARC and the HP Precision Architecture. The generated code is an order of magnitude better than that produced by compilers generated by the classical systems of Mosses, Paulson, and Wand. Our machine language needs no run time type-checking and is thus more realistic than those considered in previous compiler proofs. We use solely algebraic specifications; proofs are given in the initiaI model. The use of action semantics makes the processable language specifications easy to read and pleasant to work with. We view our compiler generator as a promising first step towards user-friendly and automatic generation of realistic and provably correct compilers.
Crystalline solid lasers

A survey of crystalline solid lasers is presented. Crystalline host materials are described, pointing out their characteristics pertinent for laser systems. Rare earth and transition metal impurities operated as lasers are tabulated and the role of sensitization in increasing the overall efficiency of laser systems is described. Characteristics of operating CW lasers are given, and some applications and research directions are suggested.
Job-Shop Scheduling Method Based on Modified Immune Algorithm

The mechanism of vaccination was analyzed in the immune system and the improved immune algorithm for the job-shop scheduling problem was presented. The proposed method can reserve the advantage of vaccination and it is independent of the initial antibodies. Especially, the adaptive process of vaccination with the automatic pattern recognition can not only quicken the convergence of the algorithm but also overcome some deficiencies in distilling manually the transcendent knowledge of the problem. Simulation results show that it is an effective approach.
Analysis of intensity for a queueing system: bootstrapping computation

Traffic intensity plays an important role of system performance measures in queueing model. In this paper, we construct new confidence intervals of intensity for a queueing system, which are based on four bootstrap methods; standard bootstrap confidence interval, percentile bootstrap confidence interval, bootstrap-t confidence interval and bias-corrected and accelerated confidence interval. We also perform the accuracy of these bootstrap confidence intervals through calculating the coverage probability and the expected length of confidence intervals. Detailed discussions of the simulation results for four various types of queueing system are presented and some conclusions are provided. In addition, we demonstrate the four bootstrap confidence intervals with a real-life example.
ON GEOMETRY-BASED STATISTICAL CHANNEL MODELS FOR MIMO WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS

The use of wideband Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) communication systems is currently subject to considerable interest. One reason for this is the latest development of 3 Generation mobile communication systems and beyond, such as the wideband technology: Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), which provides 5 MHz wide radio channels. For the design and simulation of these mobile radio systems taking into account MIMO wireless propagation (e.g. like the wideband-CDMA), channel models are needed that provide the required spatial and temporal information necessary for studying such systems, i.e., the basic modeling parameters in the space-time domains, e.g., the root mean square (rms) delay spread (DS) is directly connected to the capacity of a specific communication system and gives a rough implication on the complexity of a receiver. In this thesis a channel modeling based on the clustering approach is proposed and used for analysis in the space-time domains for stationary conditions to represent the power delay angle profiles (PDAPs) of the multipath components (MPCs) in urban environments. In the thesis, closed-form expressions are derived in angular and time domains respectively. Previous research on channel modeling covers a wide variety of aspects in varying levels of detail, including analysis for non stationary conditions. However, the work presented in the literature has not included the relationship between the physical clusters and the PDAPs. The proposed clustering approach model can be used to further performance improvement in stationary conditions of current or future mobile radio systems like the Wideband MIMO communication systems. This thesis also presents an analysis in angular and time domain respectively through direction of arrival (DOA) and time of arrival (TOA) probability density functions (PDFs) for the clustering approach model. In order to evaluate the derived theoretical PDFs, these are compared with experimental results published in the literature. The comparison to experimental results shows good agreement, however the modeling approach proposed in this thesis is limited to stationary conditions of the channel. The non-stationary condition is outside the scope of this thesis, i.e., the clustering approach model proposed does not incorporate the Doppler effect in the analysis.
A Fast, Affordable System for Augmented Reality

This paper presents a framework for augmented reality. Head tracking is accomplished using a head-mounted camera, which uses an optical flow based algorithm to track patterns on the ceiling. The position and orientation of the ceiling need not be known a priori, and the necessary calibration, except for radial lens distortion, can be performed on the fly using simple procedures.
A study of dc operating point shifts in MOSFETs with large RF signals

Undesired behavior caused by radio frequency (RF) noise in an automotive integrated circuit (IC) is a serious problem to be solved in order to improve the reliability of automotive electronic systems. In this paper, we measured the VD–ID characteristic changes of a MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) when a large RF signal was injected into the gate or the drain at 100 MHz to 2 GHz. The following changes were observed when RF was injected at the gate: (1) the drain current increases in the saturation region, (2) the drain current varies in the linear region, and (3) negative drain current flows near VD = 0. We found that (1) and (2) were caused by nonlinearities of the VD–ID characteristic, and (3) was generated because the injected RF is voltage divided by the gate oxide film capacitance and the parasitic resistance of the bulk, and the forward current of the parasitic diode that was formed between the bulk and the drain flowed. In addition, a large negative drain current generated near VD = 0 when RF was injected into the drain. This was also produced to make the forward current flow in the parasitic diode between the bulk and the drain. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 84(7): 18–26, 2001
Equalizer training algorithms for multicarrier modulation systems

In a multicarrier data transmission system the length of a symbol is often limited by the maximum permissible delay of data from input to output. If the length of the impulse response of the channel is not negligible compared to the permitted symbol length, the impulse response can be shortened by passing the received signal through a time-domain equalizer before modulation. The best performance for a given computational complexity can then be achieved by appending to each block of samples of the transmit signal a cyclic prefix that has the same length as the shortened impulse response. Several algorithms for designing the time-domain equalizer, which use adaptation in the frequency domain and windowing in the time domain in order to minimize the mean squared error of the equalized response, are described. <<ETX>>
Standardization of direct drive servos in telescope applications

This paper explores the use of direct drive servos in telescopes applications in the quest of standardization key concepts that might push to more reliable and cheaper solutions for future complex motion systems. Considerations related to different PWM Frequencies, Motor Phasing, position feedback, CAN-bus interfaces, etc. A collection of data from the VLT experience is presented showing the particular needs of the modern telescope’s drives. Can an industry standard amplifier meet the telescope specifications, and therefore be easier to maintain and offer a cheaper solution?
Parallel digital implementations of neural networks

The paper reviews implementations of neural networks on parallel digital machines. The connectionist neural networks models are discussed from the point of view of their computational characteristics. The levels of parallelism available in the models and the factors affecting their performance of the models on the parallel machines are presented. Several mapping methodologies applicable to neural networks are described. Selected examples of implementations of neural networks on parallel digital machines are provided. >
Performance Evaluations of Comfort Route Navigation Providing High-QoS Communication for Mobile Users

conclude that CRN could provide higher communication quality than non CRN in computer simulations and a real environment. The rest of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 presents related works. Section 3 illustrates details of Comfort Route Navigation. Section 4 reports public Wi-Fi spots evaluations. Section 5 discusses CRN gain Abstract To improve Quality of Service in wireless networks while mobile users travel, we introduce Comfort Route Navigation (CRN) which is a navigation system based on a user centric mobility management for next generation wireless networks. CRN provides an optimal route that satisfies user needs, such as obtaining maximum wireless resources. To achieve CRN, we construct an access point (AP) map of Shinjuku city. To reflect quality of APs in this map, we evaluate throughputs at seven public Wi-Fi spots. Based on these observations, we evaluate performance of our CRN via computer simulations and in a real environment. These evaluations conduct that a CRN user could obtain higher communication quality rather than a Shortest Route (SR) user. These evaluations also conclude that CRN gain depends heavily on the quality and location of the best broadband spot.
Storm prediction over Europe using the ECMWF Ensemble Prediction System

Three severe storms caused great damage in Europe in December 1999. The first storm hit Denmark and Germany on 3 and 4 December, and the other two storms crossed France and Germany on 26 and 28 December. In this study, the performance of the Ensemble Prediction System (EPS) at the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) in predicting these intense storms is investigated. Results indicate that the EPS gave early indications of possible severe storm occurrence, and was especially useful when the deterministic TL319L60 forecasts issued on successive days were highly inconsistent. These results indicate that the EPS is a valuable tool for assessing quantitatively the risk of severe weather and issuing early warnings of possible disruptions.
Spatial Modulation -- OFDM

Abstract—In this paper, a novel multiple antenna-OFDM transmission approach, called spatial modu-lation (SM)-OFDM is presented. SM entirely avoidsinter-channel interference (ICI) at the receiver input,requires no synchronization between the transmittingantennas, and avoids correlation between them whilemaintaining high spectral efﬁciency. SM maps a blockof information bits into a constellation point in thesignal as well as the spatial domain. The spatialdomain corresponds to a particular antenna location.Hence, for OFDM transmission, each subcarrier ismapped to one of the transmitting antennas. Onlythe corresponding antenna will be sending poweron that subcarrier at an instant of time while allother antennas are transmitting zero power on thisparticular subcarrier. The receiver estimates the trans-mitted signal and the transmit antenna number anduses the two information to de-map the block ofinformation bits. A comparison between SM-OFDMand V-BLAST-OFDM using optimum ordering (OR)and successive interference cancelation (SIC) in termsof system performance is presented in this paper.Index Terms—MIMO, OFDM, V-BLAST, SpatialModulation, ZF, ICI.
O metadiscurso visual do material interposto de um dicionário em Língua Inglesa

In this article, we investigate the function of colors and images as metadiscursive elements in the composition of the inserts of the Illustrated Basic Dictionary of American English (2010), which is part of the Collins Cobuild series. The study is based on the categories proposed by Kumpf (2000) for the analysis of the visual metadiscourse and the theory of multimodality by Kress and van Leeuwen (2006). We conclude that the visual resources used for the elaboration of the inserts in this dictionary play the role of organizing the contents, guiding the users, attracting their attention and establishing direct communication between the reader and the author. Key words: visual metadiscourse, inserts, dictionary.
Research on Data Mining in Social Networks based on User Features

this paper first introduces social network data sets, the definition of technology and the current situation and challenges in the research of social network, which introduces the research significance of multi-dimensional social network data sets. Then this paper introduces 3D social data acquisition scheme, including the scheme, the reality of social information acquisition scheme of virtual social information acquisition and self-assessment information acquisition scheme. This paper collected and made three - dimensional social data mobile social network data sets, explored the law of motion of users, from the angle of multiple social data mining to explore the difference and connection between the multi-dimensional social characteristics, the experimental results show that the prediction accuracy of forecasting model has higher in the paper.