Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
INTERACTIONS OF COSMIC RAYS IN THE ATMOSPHERE: GROWTH CURVES REVISITED

Measurements of cosmic-ray abundances on balloons are affected by interactions in the residual atmosphere above the balloon. Corrections for such interactions are particularly important for observations of rare secondary particles such as boron, antiprotons, and positrons. These corrections either can be calculated if the relevant cross sections in the atmosphere are known or may be empirically determined by extrapolation of the “growth curves,” i.e., the individual particle intensities as functions of atmospheric depth. The growth-curve technique is particularly attractive for long-duration balloon flights where the periodic daily altitude variations permit rather precise determinations of the corresponding particle intensity variations. We determine growth curves for nuclei from boron (Z = 5) to iron (Z = 26) using data from the 2006 Arctic balloon flight of the TRACER detector for cosmic-ray nuclei, and we compare the growth curves with predictions from published cross section values. In general, good agreement is observed. We then study the boron/carbon abundance ratio and derive a simple and energy-independent correction term for this ratio. We emphasize that the growth-curve technique can be developed further to provide highly accurate tests of published interaction cross section values.
Assessment of genetic diversity using SSR marker in moonbeam [Vigna radiata (L.) wilczek] genotypes

Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers were used to assessing of genetic diversity in 24 mungbean genotypes. Total 10 SSR markers (primers) were used, out of 10 markers nine markers shown polymorphism and only one marker shown monomorphic nature for molecular diversity. After analysis a total of 20 alleles were detected in 24 genotypes on all chromosomes. The number of alleles per locus generated by each marker ranged from 1 to 3 alleles with an average number of 2 alleles per locus. Cluster analysis was performed using Jaccard’s similarity matrices calculated from SSR markers to generate a dendogram of 24 parental lines could be grouped into eight clusters. Similarity ranged from 0.30 to 1.00 with an average similarity of 0.65 or 65% for molecular based diversity. Cluster VI had maximum eight genotypes under it followed by cluster VII had six genotypes and cluster IV had three genotypes. Cluster III and V each have two genotypes. Cluster I, II and VIII each have single genotype only. Maximum similarity of 100% was shown among genotypes CO 6 and RM 03-71 in cluster VI; Pairy Mung, Malviya Jyoti & Pratiksha and Pusa Vishal & HUM -12 in cluster VII.
Atypical ganglioneurocytoma: case report and review of literature

Extra-ventricular neurocytoma (EVN) is a distinct neuro-pathological entity that has received increasing attention as the routine use of immunohistochemical staining has helped to distinguish it from oligodendroglioma; its more common morphologic mimic. Ganglionic differentiation in parts of the tumor is common, hence lending the name of Ganglioneurocytoma. Generally considered as low-grade tumors, recent literature highlights clinical examples with atypical pathologic features that elevate the grade of these tumors to World Health Organization (WHO) grade III and portend a worse prognosis. Biological progression to a higher tumor grade, serially over time in the same patient, has not been previously described. We report a case of low-grade ganglioneurocytoma (WHO grade II) that recurred with increased proliferation index and atypical features (WHO grade III). This case illustrates the challenges involved in precise grading of these tumors. Also exemplified is the unpredictable potential of seemingly low-grade lesions. Gross total resection and routine follow-up are essential for optimum treatment, as EVNs are associated with worse prognosis than their intra-ventricular counterparts.
The effect of the virial state of molecular clouds on the influence of feedback from massive stars

A set of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics simulations of the influence of photoionizing radiation and stellar winds on a series of 104 M-circle dot turbulent molecular clouds with initial virial ratios of 0.7, 1.1, 1.5, 1.9 and 2.3 and initial mean densities of 136, 1135 and 9096 cm(-3) are presented. Reductions in star formation efficiency rates are found to be modest, in the range of 30-50 per cent, and do not vary greatly across the parameter space. In no case was star formation entirely terminated over the approximate to 3 Myr duration of the simulations. The fractions of material unbound by feedback are in the range of 20-60 per cent, clouds with the lowest escape velocities being the most strongly affected. Leakage of ionized gas leads to the HII regions rapidly becoming underpressured. The destructive effects of ionization are thus largely not due to thermally driven expansion of the HII regions, but to momentum transfer by photoevaporation of fresh material. Our simulations have similar global ionization rates and we show that the effects of feedback upon them can be adequately modelled as a steady injection of momentum, resembling a momentum-conserving wind.
Design of an Ann Model Trained by Various Learning Algorithms to Compute the Operating Frequency of E-Shaped Patch Antennas

An artificial neural network (ANN) trained by different learning algorithms implemented to computing the operating frequency of E-shaped patch antennas (EPAs) is designed in this study. The ANN model is built on a multilayered perceptron (MLP) based on feed forward back propagation (FFBP). A data pool is firstly constituted for training and testing the ANN model through 144 EPA simulations using the moment method-based HyperLynx® 3D EM software in terms of the operating frequency. The ANN model is then trained via 130 data, and the accuracy of the model is tested through 14 data of simulated EPAs. The ANN is trained by 8 different learning algorithms to achieve a robust model. A benchmark which compares the learning algorithms against each other according to percentage error is revealed. The validity of the ANN is corroborated by simulated and measured data reported in the literature. It shows that the ANN model trained by Levenberg–Marquardt learning algorithm computes the closest results. The proposed ANN model can be successfully exploited to analyze the EPAs in views of the operating frequency.
Response of Broilers to Antibiotic and Antistress Dietary Inclusion

2 Abstract: Fourty Eight day old broiler chicks of Anak 2000 strain were used to determine the effect of an antibiotic (Furazolidone) and antistress (Vitalyte) on production performance of broiler chickens. They were randomly assigned to four treatments comprising of Treatment 1 (T1:Control), Treatment 2 (T2:Antibiotic and Antistress), Treatment 3 (T3:Antibiotic) and treatment 4 (Vitalyte). Results obtained from the study showed no significant differences (P>0.05) in final weight, feed intake, feed conversion efficiency and live weight gain between weeks four to nine. Inclusion of antibiotics and antistress in broiler diets over the five week period did not improve performance.
Isokinetic Parameters of Thermal Degradation of Powder of (Cd(N-Boc-gly)2(H2O)2)n

The coordination polymer [Cd(N-Boc-gly)2(H2O)2]n undergoes thermally induced degradation in temperature region between 60 and 900oC. Kinetic parameters were determined for dehydration (63-123oC) and further degradation processes (123-461°C) using different isoconversional and non-isoconversional methods. Due to appearance of kinetic “compensation effect”, isokinetic temperatures were determined for individual degradation processes and correlated with resonant vibrational frequencies ascribed to Cd-OH2 coordination bond, Cd-O (O from N-Boc-glyH ligand) coordination bond and C-O covalent bond. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 172015]
All-pay auctions with endogenous asymmetries

Abstract We study N-bidders, asymmetric all-pay auctions under incomplete information. First, we solve for the equilibrium of a parametric model. Each bidder’s valuation is independently drawn from an uniform [0, αi] where the parameter αi may vary across bidders. In this game, asymmetries are exogenously given. Next, a two-stage game where asymmetries are endogenously generated is studied. At the first stage, each bidder chooses the level of an observable, costly, value-enhancing action. The second stage is the bidding sub-game, whose equilibrium is simply the equilibrium of the, previously analyzed, game with exogenous asymmetries. Finally, natural applications of the all pay-auction in the context of political lobbying are considered: the effects of excluding bidders, as well as, the impact of caps on bids.
Challenges to Informing Clients : A Transdisciplinary Approach June 2001 Evaluating Higher Education Learners through Portfolio Assessment

This paper presents a part of a larger needs assessment study that aimed at designing a course called Instructional Planning and Evaluation (IPE), which is offered at Middle East Technical University, Faculty of Education, Turkey. The purpose of this study was to understand how undergraduate students perceived portfolio assessment (PA) with respect to IPE courses, and how students wanted to work during PA implementation. Data was obtained through a five-point Likert-type scale, interviews, field notes, and unobtrusive measures. Results reveal that students were frustrated in the initial stages of the implementation, and frequently demanded guidance by their lecturer. Although individual work was preferred, collaborative work facilitated preparing the content of portfolios. In course of time, data obtained through participant observations or unobtrusive measures reveal that PA led learners to become self-regulated learners.
Design and aerodynamic analysis of an airfoil with a bioinspired leading edge device for stall mitigation at low Reynolds number operation

Robust and predictable aerodynamic performance of unmanned aerial vehicles at the limits of their design envelope is critical for safety and mission adaptability. Deployable aerodynamic surfaces, such as flaps or slats, from the wing leading or trailing edges are often used to extend the aerodynamic envelope. One such aerodynamic device is the Alula, a feather structure attached to one of the hand digits of a bird’s wing. The alula is extended by birds at high incidence angles and has been shown to improve the stall parameters of the wings. In this study, a series of wind tunnel experiments are performed to quantify the effect of various deployment parameters of an alula-like leading edge device on the aerodynamic performance of a cambered airfoil (S1223). The alula relative angle of attack, measured from the mean chord of the airfoil, is varied to modulate tip-vortex strength, while the alula deflection is varied to modulate the distance of the tip vortex to the wing surface. Boundary layer velocity profile measurements taken at x/c = 1.25 along the chord length and at three locations along the span of the airfoil show fuller BL profiles in the area of influence behind the alula. The resulting re-energizing of the BL at post stall angle of attacks delays flow reversal and separation and decreases associated drag. Results show that as alula deflection ratio, γ, increases, the lift coefficient, also increase. At post stall angles of attack, the wake velocity deficit zone is shown to reduce in size when the alula is deployed, confirming that the wing adverse pressure gradient is reduced. The results are in strong agreement with the measurements taken on bird wings with alulae. With the ability to change alula parameters such as location, size, deflection and angle, the complete wing configuration can be tuned for mission specific aerodynamic requirements.
THE LABILE SYNTACTIC TYPE IN A DIACHRONIC

Ancient Indo-European verbal syntax, as attested in early Vedic Sanskrit, exhibits numerous examples of the labile syntactic pattern: several verbal forms can show valence alternation with no formal change in the verb; cf. pres. sVlidate 'he makes sweet' / 'he is sweet'; perf. ViivrdhU~ 'they have grown' (intr.) / 'they have increased' (tr.). I will argue that the labile patterning of the Vedic verb, however common it may appear, is mostly of a secondary character. There are a limited number of reasons which give rise to labile syntax: (i) the polyfunctionality of the middle inflection (which can be used to mark the anticausative, passive and reflexive functions, on the one hand, and the self-beneficent meaning of the transitive forms, on the other); (ii) the homonymy of some middle participles "shared" by passive (medio-passive aorist, stative) and nonpassive formations; (iii) the syntactic reanalysis of intransitive constructions with the accusative of parameter/scope (content accusative) as transitive-causative. As to the perfect, it could probably be employed both intransitively and transitively already in Proto-Indo-European, although the intransitive usages were prevalent. In the historical period the newly-built perfect middle forms have largely taken over the intransitive function, but active perfects are still quite common in the (more archaic) intransitive usages in early Vedic . • The original version of this paper (which is an extended and revised version of Kulikov 1999a) was presented at the symposium "Approaches to Historical Syntax" held at the University of Joensuu Mekrijarvi Research Station (September 19-22, 2002). I would like to take this opportunity to express my thanks to the audience of the symposium for suggestions and friendly discussion. I am also thankful to Meri Laljavaara, Robert Ryan, and two anonymous reviewers of SKY Journal of Linguistics for valuable remarks and corrections. I also acknowledge the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) for financial support, grant 220-70-003 for the PIONIER project "Case cross-linguistically. " SKY Journal of Linguistics 16 (2003). 93-Jl2
Prospective multicentre study of immediate occlusal loading of implants in edentulous mandibles

Abstract Introduction This study reports the results of a prospective clinical study on immediate loading of prostheses in full arches of edentulous mandibles supported by osseointegrated implants from different brands. Materials and methods The study involved 73 patients. A total of 501 implants were inserted, out of which 420 implants were inserted through immediate occlusal loading. Interim prostheses were placed 4 h after surgery. Final prostheses were placed 6 months after. Marginal bone loss was monitored through linear measurement of the mesial/distal surfaces by means of paralleling (long-cone) periapical X-rays. Results Eight implants failed to integrate in 2 months of occlusal loading. The cumulative success rate was 98.06% from 19 July 1999 to 19 October 2012 (the average being 18–84 months). Crest bone loss around immediately loaded implants was found to be similar to that reported in standard protocols for delayed loading. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that edentulous mandible rehabilitation through fixed, immediately loaded, occlusal, interim prostheses supported by four, five or six implants constitutes a viable alternative to traditional treatment protocols for delayed loading.
Soil conditions and phylogenetic relatedness influence total community trait space during early plant succession

Aims The total space of traits covered by the members of plant communities is an important parameter of ecosystem functioning and complexity. We trace the variability of trait space during early plant succession and ask how trait space co-varies with phylogenetic community structure and soil conditions. Particularly, we are inter ested in the small-scale variability in trait space and the influence of biotic and abiotic filters. Methods We use data on species richness and soil conditions from the first 7 years of initial succession of an artificial catchment in north-eastern Germany. Total functional attribute diversity serves as a proxy to total trait space. Important Findings Total trait space steadily increased during succession. We observed high small-scale variability in total trait space that was positively cor related with species richness and phylogenetic segregation and negatively correlated with total plant cover. Trait space increased with soil carbonate content, while pH and the fraction of sandy material behaved indifferently. Our results indicate that during early succession, habitat filtering processes gain importance leading to a lesser increase in trait space than expected from the increase in species richness alone.
Large Banks of Negative Differential Resistance Nonlinear Loads: A Hidden Threat to Power System Quality

DSM (Demand Side Management) is a short term and comparatively low cost solution for energy starved countries. Replacement of IB (Incandescent Bulbs) with CFL (Compact Fluorescent Lamps) has proved its success throughout the world. The same solution, at larger scale, was proposed to Pakistan to mitigate power shortage on short term basis. Accordingly in year 2008, ADB (Asian Development Bank) conducted a study and it was found that replacement of conventional IB with 30 million CFL will result into series of benefits for the stake holders and above all the Environment. The study, unfortunately didn't take enough consideration of effect of CFLs on the power system being non-linear device and so the power quality issues remained a secondary consideration. The focus of this paper remains on the effect of such non-linear load on consumers, it also envisages the erratic behaviour of such large penetration of CFLs on direct single phase, three phase, digital as well as electromechanical energy meters, under different loading conditions e.g. resistive load, SMPS (Switch Mode Power Supply), half and full-wave rectifiers. It also reflects harmonic pollution caused by CFLs, their effect on power system quality and the registration ability of electromechanical as well as digital energy meters. To this end Harmonic spectrum was recorded up to the 31st harmonic.
UNDERSTANDING RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CONFLICTING HUMAN USES AND ECOSYSTEM STATUS FOR MANAGEMENT: A GEOSPATIAL MODELING APPROACH UN MODELLO GEOSPAZIALE PER LA COMPRENSIONE DELLE RELAZIONI TRA PRESSIONI ANTROPICHE E LO STATO DEGLI ECOSISTEMI FINALIZZATO ALLA LORO GESTIONE

A geospatial approach was implemented to model the complex relationships that exist between multiple human pressures and coastal ecosystems status. The model was used to predict the status of coastal ecosystems resulting from different management alternatives by the MPA "Isola di Bergeggi" to mitigate potential effects of a close commercial harbor. Introduction - The implementation of Ecosystem Based Management (EBM) has the primary aim of developing conservation strategies able to tackle the multiplicity of human pressures, thus maintaining ecosystems integrity along with the services they provide. In this regard, the EU Marine Strategy Directive recommends the implementation of Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) that should provide conservation managers with a cartographic decision-support tool for finding efficient solutions (Bianchi, 2008). We developed a spatially-explicit and flexible approach for MSP to assess the relationships between a suite of human pressures and the status of marine coastal ecosystems. Such approach was used to visualize the expected outcomes of alternative management scenarios for an emblematic case study: a coastal zone where the newly established Marine Protected Area "Isola di Bergeggi" will have to coexist with the planned extension of a close commercial harbor. Materials and methods - Our approach comprised four main steps: i) GIS (Geographical Information System) mapping of human pressures and their intensities, ii) GIS mapping of marine territory status, iii) modeling of the relationships between human pressures and marine territory status, iv) using the model calibrated in step 3 to build maps of expected marine territory status according to expected or planned variations in human pressures (Fig. 1). The map of the study area was divided into parcels of 250 m 2 and for each parcel the intensity of each human pressure was quantified by expert evaluations and fuzzy decision tools considering two criteria (type of pressures and distance from their source). For each parcel, we then used field data collected for a previous study (Bianchi et al., 2007) to compute an index of marine territory status. This is inspired by the methodology proposed by Bellan et al. (1985) and represents the ecological distance from the historical description of the marine habitats of the Mediterranean Sea (Peres and Picard, 1964). The relationship between human pressures and marine territory status was modeled by means of Random Forest (RF) technique (Cutler et al., 2007). In order to predict the effects of potential management alternatives by the MPA in the environmental context due to the harbor expansion, four scenarios were developed by eliciting experts.
Phytoplankton blooms on the western shelf of Tasmania: evidence of a highly productive ecosystem

Abstract. Satellite-derived chlorophyll a data using the standard NASA-OC3 (ocean colour) algorithm are strongly biased by coloured dissolved organic matter and suspended sediment of river discharges, which is a particular problem for the western Tasmanian shelf. This work reconstructs phytoplankton blooms in the study region using a quadratic regression between OC3 data and chlorophyll fluorescence based on the fluorescence line height (FLH) data. This regression is derived from satellite data of the nearby Bonney upwelling region, which is devoid of river influences. To this end, analyses of 10 years of MODIS-aqua satellite data reveal the existence of a highly productive ecosystem on the western Tasmanian shelf. The region normally experiences two phytoplankton blooms per annum. The first bloom occurs during late austral summer months as a consequence of upwelling-favourable coastal winds. Hence, the western Tasmanian shelf forms a previously unknown upwelling centre of the regional upwelling system, known as Great South Australian Coastal Upwelling System. The second phytoplankton bloom is a classical spring bloom also developing in the adjacent Tasman Sea. The author postulates that this region forms another important biological hot spot for the regional marine ecosystem.
Conglomerate Industry Spanning

We use text-based analysis of business descriptions from 10-Ks led with the SEC to examine in which industries conglomerates are most likely operate and to understand conglomerate valuations. We nd that conglomerates are most likely to operate in industry pairs that are closer together in the product space and in industry pairs that have protable opportunities \between" them. Examining cross-sectional conglomerate valuations, we nd that conglomerates
Parameter and State Estimation of Large-Scale Complex Systems Using Python Tools

This paper discusses the topics related to automating parameter, disturbance and state estimation analysis of large-scale complex nonlinear dynamic systems using free programming tools. For large-scale complex systems, before implementing any state estimator, the system should be analyzed for structural observability and the structural observability analysis can be automated using Modelica and Python. As a result of structural observability analysis, the system may be decomposed into subsystems where some of them may be observable — with respect to parameter, disturbances, and states — while some may not. The state estimation process is carried out for those observable subsystems and the optimum number of additional measurements are prescribed for unobservable subsystems to make them observable. In this paper, an industrial case study is considered: the copper production process at Glencore Nikkelverk, Kristiansand, Norway. The copper production process is a large-scale complex system. It is shown how to implement various state estimators, in Python, to estimate parameters and disturbances, in addition to states, based on available measurements.