Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
PHOTODEGRADATION STUDIES ON C.I. REACTIVE RED 158

Dye-containing wastewater generated from textile industries is a major source of environmental pollution. Azo dyes, which are the largest group of coloring agents, are widely used in industry. Advanced Oxidative Processes are very promising for effluent treatment mainly due to their high efficiency and simplicity of operation. Our group became interested on photocatalytic methods (included in the AOP’s), using TiO2, for degradation of dyes, started with simpler structures and continued with commercial dyes. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has proven to be the most effective and suitable catalyst for photocatalytic reaction due to its low cost economical, chemical stability, and insolubility. In this paper, the effects of UV light irradiation in the presence of TiO2 particles at various pH’s (3, 6, 8 and 10) on the photodegradation of an azo dye, Reactive Red 158, were investigated. The photocatalytic degradation was carried out either in aqueous solutions or in a synthetically prepared dyebath effluent, under UV irradiation, in the presence of Degussa P25 TiO2 as the catalyst. Reactive dyes of the pyrimidinyl type partly hydrolyse during dyeing in basic medium; RR 158 was hydrolysed and this solution was also irradiated. The fastest degradation was obtained with an acid solution (14 minutes, 95.53% loss of colour), but the hydrolysed dye took longer to be decolourised.
Marine Polysaccharides as Multifunctional Pharmaceutical Excipients

This chapter is presented to depict the chance of marine polysaccharides satisfying the properties of good pharmaceutical excipients and the potential of that could be utilized as multifunctional pharmaceutical excipients in the pharmaceutical solid dosage form manufacturing as fillers, diluents/vehicles, binders, glidants, binders and disintegrants, and so on. In addition, this chapter discusses the use of marine polysaccharide holding a specific pharmacological activity in the formulation/dosage form, which is used for the same aliment/disease.
Distribution and sources of suspended particulate matter in the Kara Sea

Abstract. The distribution of suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentration in the Kara Sea was analysed based on ship and satellite data during the lowest ice cover periods in the Arctic (2007 and 2011). The distance of the river runoff with terrigenous SPM was recognized up to at least 76–76.5° N on the basis of isotope data and SPM concentrations and composition. The complex studies of SPM in the water column and in the benthic boundary layer provided new information about the supply and transformation of particles in the marine ecosystem.
Clinico-Epidemiological And Hematological Profile Of Sickle Cell Anemia With Special Reference To Penicillin Prophylaxis In A Rural Hospital Of Central India

Research questions: clinical, epidemiological and Hematological characteristics of a cohort of children with sickle cell anemia attending a specialist out-patient clinic in a rural hospital? Objectives:1. To study the pattern, type and frequency of crises/ infections in sickle cell anemia children.2. To observe the effect of intervention (penicillin prophylaxis, folic acid, regular follow up) on the pattern of crisis and infections in disease 3. To study the hematological values in sickle cell anemia children at recruitment.4. To correlate hemoglobin and hematocrit values to number of crisis/ infections in disease.5. To study the effect of intervention on academic performance in disease.Study design: prospective studySetting: Study was conducted in Department of Pediatrics, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College and Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, sawangi (wardha)Participants: Children up to14 years of age.Study variables: Age, sex, clinical profile. Hematological profile, scholastic performance, penicillin prophylaxisResults: A prospective study on 131 children revealed that 44.27% were of disease and 55.73% were traits. Most patients, in both disease and trait, belonged to the age group of 4-8 years comprising 47.32% of total patients. Patients of lower socio-economic status constitute the most common class in both in disease (67.24%) and trait patients (65.75%). Recurrent fever (51.14%) was the most common symptom in both group, Splenomegaly (44.27%) was the most common sign. Patients with sickle cell disease presented most commonly with vaso-occlusive crisis (51.72%) of which hand-foot syndrome was most common (20.69%). Hemoglobin less than 5gm% and age group 0-4yr is associated with highest number of crisis or infection but there is statistically significant decrease in episodes of crisis/infection following penicillin prophylaxis
Promenade as Landscape Architecture Strategy for Riverbanks of Small Danube Cities: Komárno and Štúrovo

The concept of promenade has moved from the city public spaces, from the streets and parks to shopping malls and to virtual public spaces. However, as many case studies of the waterfront regenerations show, the waterfronts possess the potential to enliven the concept of promenading in urban public spaces. Within the framework of the project DANUrB, we have tested the use of the concept of promenade as a landscape architecture strategy for the riverbanks of small Danube cities. We have examined and analyzed the potential of riverbanks in the selected pilot cities Komárno and Štúrovo, and using the method of research through design, we have elaborated proposals for their riverbanks, reflecting the principles of an ecologically sound riverfront design. Results obtained from the research and the design proposals have shown the potential of the riverfronts of small Danube cities Komárno and Štúrovo for the development of the promenades as viable urban places and as greenways, offering recreation possibilities in a balance between nature and social life.
Substrate-Dependent Orientation and Polytype Control in SiC Nanowires Grown on 4H-SiC Substrates

SiC nanowires were grown on monocrystalline 4H-SiC wafers by chemical vapor deposition using the vapor-liquid-solidgrowthmode.Thegrowthdirectionofthenanowireswasdictatedbythecrystallographicorientationofthe 4H-SiC substrates. Two distinct types of nanowires were obtained. The first type crystallized in the 3C polytype with the AE111ae nanowire axes. These nanowires grew at 20� with respect to the substratec-planes and exhibited high densities of stacking faults on those {111} planes that are parallel to the substrate c-planes. The second type featured the 4H structure albeit with a strong stacking disorder. The stacking faults in these nanowires were perpendicular to the (0001) nanowire axes. Possible growth mechanisms that led to the formation of 3C and 4H polytypes are discussed.
An Exploration of Participant Behaviour in Online Communities

Introduction The paper explores how participants behave in online communities. The paper commences with an outline of the research context, online communities. This is followed by the theoretical review, which reviews theories important to understanding participant behaviour in online communities. Building on the theoretical review, the paper proposes a conceptual framework, which proposes that involvement, commitment and engagement exercise influence on participant behaviour in online communities. The proposed methodology, online ethnography is then discussed. Finally the paper outlines the suggested research objectives for an empirical study and research contribution.
Convective dissolution of carbon dioxide in saline aquifers

Geological carbon dioxide (CO2) storage is a means of reducing anthropogenic emissions. Dissolution of CO2 into the brine, resulting in stable stratification, increases storage security. The dissolution rate is determined by convection in the brine driven by the increase of brine density with CO2 saturation. We present a new analogue fluid system that reproduces the convective behaviour of CO2‐enriched brine. Laboratory experiments and high‐resolution numerical simulations show that the convective flux scales with the Rayleigh number to the 4/5 power, in contrast with a classical linear relationship. A scaling argument for the convective flux incorporating lateral diffusion from downwelling plumes explains this nonlinear relationship for the convective flux, provides a physical picture of high Rayleigh number convection in a porous medium, and predicts the CO2 dissolution rates in CO2 accumulations. These estimates of the dissolution rate show that convective dissolution can play an important role in enhancing storage security.
The use of heuristic optimization algorithms to facilitate maximum simulated likelihood estimation of random parameter logit models

Applications of random‐parameter logit models can be found in various disciplines. These models have non‐concave simulated likelihood functions and the choice of starting values is therefore crucial to avoid convergence at an inferior optimum. Little guidance exists, however, on how to obtain good starting values. We apply an estimation strategy which makes joint use of heuristic global search routines and gradient‐based algorithms. The central idea is to use heuristic routines to locate a starting point which is likely to be close to the global maximum, and then to use gradient‐based algorithms to refine this point further. Using four empirical data sets, as well as simulated data, we find that the strategy proposed locates higher maxima than more conventional estimation strategies.
Swarm Intelligence Algorithms for Feature Selection: A Review

The increasingly rapid creation, sharing and exchange of information nowadays put researchers and data scientists ahead of a challenging task of data analysis and extracting relevant information out of data. To be able to learn from data, the dimensionality of the data should be reduced first. Feature selection (FS) can help to reduce the amount of data, but it is a very complex and computationally demanding task, especially in the case of high-dimensional datasets. Swarm intelligence (SI) has been proved as a technique which can solve NP-hard (Non-deterministic Polynomial time) computational problems. It is gaining popularity in solving different optimization problems and has been used successfully for FS in some applications. With the lack of comprehensive surveys in this field, it was our objective to fill the gap in coverage of SI algorithms for FS. We performed a comprehensive literature review of SI algorithms and provide a detailed overview of 64 different SI algorithms for FS, organized into eight major taxonomic categories. We propose a unified SI framework and use it to explain different approaches to FS. Different methods, techniques, and their settings are explained, which have been used for various FS aspects. The datasets used most frequently for the evaluation of SI algorithms for FS are presented, as well as the most common application areas. The guidelines on how to develop SI approaches for FS are provided to support researchers and analysts in their data mining tasks and endeavors while existing issues and open questions are being discussed. In this manner, using the proposed framework and the provided explanations, one should be able to design an SI approach to be used for a specific FS problem.
YSO jets in the Galactic plane from UWISH2 – III. Jets and outflows in Cassiopeia and Auriga

We present the analysis of 35.5 deg2 of images in the 1–0 S(1) line of H2 from the UK Widefield Infrared Survey for H2 (UWISH2) towards Cassiopeia and Auriga. We have identified 98 Molecular Hydrogen emission-line Objects (MHOs) driven by Young Stellar Objects, 60 per cent of which are bipolar outflows and all are new discoveries. We estimate that the UWISH2-extended emission object catalogue contains fewer than 2 per cent false positives and is complete at the 95 per cent level for jets and outflows brighter than the UWISH2 detection limit. We identified reliable driving source candidates for three quarters of the detected outflows, 40 per cent of which are associated with groups and clusters of stars. The driving source candidates are 20 per cent protostars, the remainder are Classical T-Tauri Stars. We also identified 15 new star cluster candidates near MHOs in the survey area. We find that the typical outflow identified in the sample has the following characteristics: the position angles are randomly orientated; bipolar outflows are straight within a few degrees; the two lobes are slightly asymmetrical in length and brightness; the length and brightness of the lobes are not correlated; typical time gaps between major ejections of material are 1–3 kyr, hence FU-Ori or EX-Ori eruptions are most likely not the cause of these, but we suggest MNors as a possible source. Furthermore, we find that outflow lobe length distributions are statistically different from the widely used total length distributions. There are a larger than expected number of bright outflows indicating that the flux distribution does not follow a power law.
Spread Spectrum Communication System with Particle in a Box Electronic Circuit DOI: 10.14209/jcis.2009.7

A spread spectrum communication system based on the electronic model of the particle in a box system is proposed. This circuit allows a robust and simple electronic emulation of the mechanical behavior of the collisions of a particle inside a box, exhibiting rich chaotic behavior. The required nonlinearity to emulate the box walls is implemented in a simple way when compared with other analog electronic chaotic circuits. In this system, binary data stream information is transformed in the frequency modulated signal by the binary frequency shift keying (BFSK) modulator. The chaotic signal of the particle in a box electronic circuit is used to generate a broadband signal in the voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) of the transmitter. The frequency hopping signal send to receiver is generated by mixing the binary frequency shift keying and the broadband signal. The demodulation process is done when the VCOs of transmitter and receiver are synchronized by a phase lock loop (PLL) circuit. The performance of the demodulation process is verified through the eye pattern technique applied on the recovered bit stream. A binary data stream information was sent through a transmission channel with the following lengths: 1000 meters and 5000 meters. The experimental results demonstrated that the particle in a box electronic circuit can be used in a spread spectrum communication system.
Effect of Process Parameters on Weld Penetration Shape Factor in ASAW Based Surfacing

Control of bead geometry and dilution is of utmost importance during overlay cladding. Bead geometry is decided by its Width, Reinforcement and Penetration depth. Weld penetration shape factor (WPSF) is another term that provides the information about penetration pattern. Many high deposition arc welding processes are in use for cladding and surfacing for decades but dilution remains more or less a problem while using these processes. In the present work, advance submerged arc welding (ASAW), a relatively improved process has been used for cladding AISI 308L stainless steel over mild steel substrate plate to study the effect of ASAW parameters on WPSF. Mathematical equation has been developed using response surface methodology (RSM) to predict WPSF in terms of ASAW parameters. During the analysis, it was found that wire feed rate, open circuit voltage and preheating current affect significantly WPSF.
State Ownership, Socio-political Factors, and Labor Cost Stickiness

Abstract This article examines the effect of state ownership on the labor cost stickiness of firms in 22 European countries. States are more likely to interfere in the decision-making processes of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and demand firm activities that are desirable from a socio-political perspective. For example, to win political support, politicians may instruct SOEs to avoid layoffs to minimize unemployment rates. The varied objectives of SOEs also make it more difficult to control managers' behavior, leaving more room for managerial discretion and the pursuit of self-interests through empire-building behavior. Both state intervention and managerial self-interest restrain managers from laying off employees or reducing employee wages when sales decrease, which may lead to greater labor cost stickiness. Data from 1993 to 2012 reveal that SOEs exhibit greater labor cost stickiness than private firms, and their labor cost stickiness also varies predictably with socio-political variables such as election years and left-wing governments.
Prediction of sediment transport in step‐pool channels

In mountainous drainage networks, sediment mobilized on hillslopes must first pass through steep streams before reaching lower‐gradient channels. The bed of steep channels is typically composed of large, relatively immobile boulders and finer, more mobile gravel. Most sediment transport equations overpredict sediment flux in steep streams by several orders of magnitude because they do not account for the stress borne by immobile grains and the limited availability of the more mobile sediment. We previously developed and tested (in flume experiments) a sediment transport equation that accounts for these two effects. Here we modify the Parker (1990) bed load equation to include the resistance borne by steps and selective transport of the relatively mobile sediment using a range of hiding functions. We test a number of resistance equations and hiding functions, combined with our modified and the original Parker equations, against measured flow and sediment transport in three steep channels. Our modified sediment transport equation generally predicts the transported sediment volumes to within an order of magnitude of the measured values, whereas the unmodified equations do not. The most accurate sediment flux predictions were obtained from using our modified equation, combined with a hiding function that calculates highly selective transport of the relatively mobile sediment. Furthermore, this hiding function has a critical Shields stress that is similar to those reported for lower gradient channels. The effects of the immobile steps on flow and sediment transport are not adequately captured by simply increasing the critical Shields stress to values reported in steep streams.
Dynamics of a Pituitary Cell Model: Dependence on Long-Lasting External Stimulation and Potassium Conductance Kinetics

Stern et al. have developed a mathematical model describing pseudo-plateau bursting of pituitary cells. This model is formulated based on the Hodgkin-Huxley scheme and described by a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. In the present study, computer simulation analysis of this model was performed to evaluate the correlation between the dynamic states of the model and two system parameters: long-lasting external stimulation (Iapp) and the time constant of delayed-rectifier potassium conductance activation (τn). Computer simulation results revealed that the model showed four different dynamic states: a hyperpolarized steady state, a depolarized steady state, a repetitive spiking state, and a bursting state. An increase in Iapp changed the dynamic states from the hyperpolarized steady state to bursting state to depolarized steady state when τn was fixed at smaller values, whereas it changed the dynamic states from the hyperpolarized steady state to bursting state to repetitive spiking state when τn was fixed at larger values. An increase in τn 1) did not change the dynamic states when Iapp was fixed at a very small value, 2) changed the dynamic states from the depolarized steady state to repetitive spiking state when Iapp was fixed at a very large value, and 3) changed the dynamic states from the depolarized steady state to bursting state to repetitive spiking state when Iapp was fixed at an intermediate value.
The practical implementation of enterprise balanced scorecard analysis system

The use of balanced scorecard system requires to use some measurable key performance indicators in every part of an enterprise activity, not only for the enterprise itself and its subdivisions, but for every employee. These actions need the introduction/application of a corporate information system. In this work we suggest the most commonly used Russian software “1C: Enterprise Platform” (Accounting system of enterprise). We present the practical implementation of the system of real-time monitoring, analysis and control for the implementation of actions concerned with financial component of the enterprise-balanced scorecard. The formed module (expansion) can be applied in pattern “1C: ERP” (Enterprise Recourse Planning). The conclusion is made about the possibility of the above information system expansion for the implementation of all components of the enterprise balanced scorecard system.
Street Vendor Livelihoods and Everyday Politics in Hanoi, Vietnam

The alternative ‘diverse economies’ vision of J. K. Gibson-Graham and supporters regarding how people make a living outside the capitalist framework, lists street vendors and informal economies of the global South as potential components. This article critiques the relevance of this vision for street vendor livelihoods in a politically socialist locale, albeit one embracing neo-liberal modernity. In their drive to create a modern, ‘civilised’ capital, Vietnam’s central government and Hanoi’s municipal authorities have a particular image of security, orderliness and development. Street vendors disrupt this picture and since 2008 have been negotiating a ban in many preferred locales. Building upon urban livelihoods, everyday politics and resistance concepts, an analysis is made of in-depth interviews with itinerant and fixed-stall vendors to unravel their heterogeneous responses to such revanchist policies. Despite subtle covert and overt resistance tactics, the study reveals that celebrated ‘community economies’ and alternative economic visions remain rare in this context.
Synthesis and Characterization of pH-Sensitive Rhodamine 6G Spirolactam Structures

As an extension of the RB sterics project, which studies the tunability of fluorescence turn-on pKa as a function of substituent A-value, similar efforts with R6G are presented. In light of previous failed attempts at di-ortho R6G derivative synthesis, this study sought to optimize synthetic procedures as well as explore alternative synthetic pathways. Optimization efforts, summarized by maintaining a cold and anhydrous reaction environment, were ultimately fruitful, significantly raising the chances at isolating product although purification of these products still poses some questions. Relatively pure products were then characterized with fluorescence studies, NMR spectroscopy and computational methods. R6G derivatives generally fluoresced at higher pKa as compared to their RB counterparts, albeit to a lesser extent than expected. Computation of R6G derivatives’ optimized geometries aided in understanding the NMR spectra of a few compounds. Methods for observing RB and R6G FRET were also explored, namely by investigating dye-embedded pHEMA films and attempting to covalently bind the two dyes together using azide-alkyne click chemistry.