Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Peptide‐immunocytochemistry of neurosecretory cells in the brain and retrocerebral complex of the sphinx moth Manduca sexta

Antisera against a variety of vertebrate and invertebrate neuropeptides were used to map cerebral neurosecretory cells in the sphinx moth Manduca sexta. Intense immunoreactive staining of distinct populations of neurosecretory cells was obtained with antisera against locust adipokinetic hormone, bovine pancreatic polypeptide, FMRFamide, molluscan small cardioactive peptide (SCPB), leucine‐enkephalin, gastrin/cholecystokinin, and crustacean β‐pigment dispersing hormone (βPDH). Other antisera revealed moderate to weak staining. Each type of neurosecretory cell is immunoreactive with at least one of the antisera tested, and most of these neurons can be identified anatomically. The staining patterns provide additional information on the organization of cerebral neurosecretory cells in M. sexta. Based upon anatomical and immunocytochemical characteristics, 11 types of neurosecretory cells have been recognized in the brain, one type in the suboesophageal ganglion, and one in the corpus cardiacum. Extensive colocalization experiments show that many neurosecretory cells are immunoreactive with several different antisera. This raises the possibility that these cells may release mixtures of neuropeptides into the hemolymph, as has been demonstrated in certain other systems. The immunocytochemical data should be helpful in efforts to identify additional peptide neurohormones released from the brain of this and other insects.
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF HOMEOTHERMY IN NESTLING EUROPEAN SHAGS (PHALACROCORAX ARISTOTELIS)

Abstract European Shag (Phalacrocorax aristotelis) nestlings were studied on a small island off the coast of central Norway. Increase in body mass (BM) with age (t, days) was described by the logistic equation: BM = 1,622 g/[1 + e−0.172(t−19.9)]. All growth parameters measured (body mass, and length of tarsus, wing and head) showed highest relative growth rate when the nestlings were 5–10 days old, that is, before the nestlings had achieved homeothermy. An incipient endothermic response was noted when nestlings were 9 days old, and they became homeothermic at ages of 15–18 days. Respective mass-specific resting metabolic rates for nestlings 0, 15, and 45 days old were 47, 261, and 147% of the predicted value for adult nonpasserine birds of similar body masses. Mass-specific minimal thermal conductance decreased from 366% of predicted adult value at hatching, to 220% of that predicted when nestlings were 21 days old. For nestlings 15 days old, the factorial metabolic scope (resting metabolic rate/peak metabolic rate) was only 1.5, but that increased rapidly thereafter. Rapid increase in the mass-specific RMR and decrease in minimal thermal conductance is suggested to contribute importantly to improve homeothermic ability during the first two weeks of the developmental period. At hatching, leg and pectoral muscles constituted 5.3 and 2.2%, respectively, of total wet body mass. Relative leg-muscle mass increased rapidly and had almost reached adult proportions when the nestlings were 25–30 days old. In contrast, pectoral-muscle mass increased in an almost direct proportion to the body mass during the first 30 days of the growth period, and increased rapidly thereafter. At hatching, the water fraction (water content/lipid-free wet mass) was significantly lower in the leg than in the pectoral muscles (0.920 vs. 0.931). The water fraction of leg muscles also remained lower during the entire growth period. Judging from the proportionately greater mass and higher degree of maturity of the leg compared to pectoral muscles, the former would seem to be the main site of cold-induced heat production during early development of homeothermy in European Shag nestlings.
For patients with dukes' B (TNM stage II) colorectal carcinoma, examination of six or fewer lymph nodes is Related to poor prognosis

Lymph node status is pivotal to the staging of colorectal carcinoma. The diagnosis of a lymph node negative tumor should imply a good prognosis; however, the outcomes for Dukes' B (TNM Stage II) patients remain variable, possibly in part due to understaging. The aim of this study was to determine whether examining a specified minimum number of lymph nodes using conventional techniques would eliminate the risk of understaging and thus have an effect on prognosis.
Phased array microstrip antenna for 1.27 GHz synthetic aperture radar

Phased Array Antenna is an antenna that is composed by several elements of the antenna where there is a phase change. By changing its phase for each elements of the antenna, the main beam of the radiation pattern could change into the certain direction. This phased array works at 1.27 GHz with over 28 MHz of bandwidth. In this research, this microstrip antenna use microstrip line technique. This technique gives the final results: the antenna works at 1.27 GHz with linear polarization, gain is about 18.13 dB, the return loss value is below −10 dB, and the radiation pattern is unidirectional. The maximum beam shifting can be reached about −51°.
Culturally Competent Interventions for Hispanic Adults With Type 2 Diabetes

Culturally competent interventions have been developed to improve outcomes for Hispanic adults with type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this systematic review is to synthesize the research on culturally competent interventions for this vulnerable population. A systematic approach was used to locate empirical reports (n = 11). Interventions were multifaceted with the majority demonstrating significant improvements in clinical outcomes, behavioral outcomes, and diabetes-related knowledge. Culturally competent interventions have the potential to improve outcomes in Hispanic adults with type 2 diabetes. However, improvements were modest and attrition was moderate to high in many studies. Addressing linguistic and cultural barriers to care are important beginnings to improving health outcomes for Hispanic adults with type 2 diabetes.
Molecular epidemiological surveillance of dengue virus and diversity of Aedes species in Tirunelveli district

Dengue is a re-emerging infectious diseases caused by any one serotype of dengue virus (DENV I - IV) and belongs to the family Flaviviridae. In recent years, an increasing number of dengue cases in Tirunelveli district present with unusual clinical manifestations including signs and symptoms involving the central nervous system and the neurological features. Therefore, there is an urgent need to assess the different serotypes and genotype determines dengue virus outbreak severity in the district of Tirunelveli. Methods: A total of 2865 female adult Aedes mosquitoes and 420 blood samples were collected from suspected patients to have dengue fever were subjected to antigen capture ELISA. All the dengue positive samples, RNA were isolated by using virus nucleic acid extraction kit and the dengue RNA used as a template for cDNA synthesis by RT-PCR and fragmented using restriction endonuclease on the BanII enzyme. Results: A total of 152 mosquitoes were DEN positive by either dengue IgM capture assay (n = 135) or antigen capture ELISA (n = 49) or both (n = 32). High rainfall and humidity with the temperature might have favored to the breeding and transmission of Aedes, in consequence leading to an increase in the number of dengue mosquitoes. Conclusion: The up-to-date information of circulating dengue virus strains combined to the available epidemiological information aids in better understanding of the nature of the epidemics in the endemic areas.
Investigation of Hyoscyamus Niger L., A Long-Day Plant, for Endodiurnal Periodicity in Flowering Response.

Rhythmical phenomena in plants had been observed long before the discovery of photoperiodism by Garner and Allard (5) in 1919. In 1936, Biinning (2) proposed an hypothesis, based largely on observations of leaf movements, that photoperiodic induction was under the control of a rhythmical process. In order to trigger floral initiation in dliurnal cycles, a minimunm duration of light or darkness (depending upon the variety of plant) must elapse; thus, a sense of timing, or a clock, is associated with the induction process. Because rhythms, by their nature, might function as clocks, and because rhythms are not foreign to higher plants, the Biinning hypothesis has remained as reasonable a postulation as any xvhich have been advanced, despite a dearth of substantial supporting evidence. For a detailed account of rhythms in (plant) photoperiodism, the reader is referred to Biinning (3). andl Hamner (6). In 1957, Blaney and Hamner (1) reported the results of experiments in which short-dav Biloxi soybean plants were exposed to several cycles which consisted of twvo plhases: A, an 8-hour photoperiodl. and BP a dark perio(d whose duration xvas different in each of the several treatments. Maximal flowering responses were observedl in cycles of 24 hours' and 48 to 52 hours' (luration, while minimal responses were shown in cycles of 32 to 36 hours' and 56 hours' duration. Later, Nanda and Hamnier (8) showed that another maximal response occurre(d in cycles of 72 hours' duration. This report concerns efforts directed at determining periodicity in the flowering response of the longday plant Hyoscyamnus niger.
Recent advances in and therapeutic potential of muscle‐derived stem cells *

Over the past few years, issues related to the commitment and potential of reservoir precursor cells that reside in most tissues have been revisited. Many reports have documented either plasticity or de‐differentiation of a number of precursor cells isolated from several tissues, including bone marrow, brain, and skeletal muscle. These findings have challenged the dogma that mononuclear cells derived from adult, post‐mitotic tissues can differentiate and contribute only to the tissue from which they originate. Thus, much current research in stem cells is testing the therapeutic potential of these cells to deliver normal genes and their encoded proteins into damaged or injured tissues. This review will focus on muscle‐derived precursor cells and their apparently heterogeneous nature and summarize some of the most recent findings and hypotheses on their characterization and practical use. J. Cell. Biochem. Suppl. 38: 80–87, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of flexible end-effector for geometric conformity in reconfigurable assembly systems: Testing geometric structure of grasping mechanism for object adaptibility

Advancements in production heading towards cyber-physical systems has entertained the prospects of the fourth industrial revolution. Research in robotic assembly methods was essential in the development of efficient production systems. Complex and integrated assembly processes with respect to successful end-effector gripping and biologically inspired gripper appendage incorporation were investigated. Appendages were designed specifically for the versatility of grasping used within pickup and placement procedures in assembly lines. The aim was to research and investigate gripping properties of gripping appendages based on the Fin Ray Effect®. The Fin Ray Effect® is a naturally occurring phenomenon based on the movement of fish fins concerning the specific spline/rib structure within the fin itself. Through stress and displacement simulations, conditions have been simulated to illustrate the deflection of the spine structures. In addition, the stress simulation determined various degrees of conformity that can be potentially achieved. The deflection of the wall of the structure represents the value of conformity within a gripping procedure. Significant interpretations were made from the investigation of geometric shape compliance from the interaction of the gripper and the force factors required for gripping an object. Varying rib structures were developed and tested according to a sample mass holding load.
Induction of a novel morphological response in Chinese hamster ovary cells by pertussis toxin

Exposing Chinese hamster ovary cells in culture to pertussis toxin resulted in a novel clustered growth pattern. The specificity of the response for pertussis toxin was shown by neutralization of the activity with specific anti-toxin antibody, heat lability (80 degrees C for 15 min), and absence of such activity by culture media from nontoxigenic Bordetella species. Although a lag of at least 16 h was required before clustered growth was seen, exposure to the toxin for as little as 10 min resulted in a full response 24 h later. The morphological effect appeared to be independent of the cyclic AMP-mediated cell elongation elicited by the heat-labile enterotoxin from Vibrio cholerae in that the pertussis toxin effect was seen in both the presence and absence of elongation. Although the mechanism by which this effect is mediated remains to be determined, it is already providing a useful in vitro assay for pertussis toxin.
Fuzzy control of oxygen gas content for premature labor infants oxygen therapy

Premature labor infants, born before the 37th week of gestation, may require oxygen therapy as an integral part of treatment and respiratory support. Immature lungs can cause common complications in these infants such as respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). To treat such complication, oxygen must be given to these babies carefully. Too much or too long of oxygen exposure to these infants can cause oxygen intoxication which can result in permanent blindness caused by overgrowth of new blood vessels in the eye so called retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Too less or too short of oxygen exposure would cause hypoxia which can result in death of the babies. To maintain suitable level of oxygen, medical doctor will order real-time measurement of oxygen saturation (SpO2) and prescribe a dose of oxygen content measured in a percentage of oxygen gas content in pure air so called Fractional inspired Oxygen (FiO2). Nurses will be responsible for adjusting FiO2 according to current SpO2. Due to shortage of nurses, an adjustment can only be done in every 15-30 minutes. This paper presents a fuzzy control system that can automatically compute and adjust FiO2 according to a current SpO2 of the babies.
Microvascular Density of the Human Paraventricular Nucleus Decreases with Aging but Not Hypertension

Microvascular density was determined in the supraoptic nuclei (SON) and paraventricular nuclei (PVN) of fixed brain tissue from 19 human subjects ranging in age from 30 to 85 years. Eight of these patients had hypertension. No sex- or hypertension-related differences in microvascular density were found in either the SON or PVN. However, capillary density decreased in the PVN with aging. These results indicate a differential pattern of microvascular loss in the human hypothalamus with aging.
Direct numerical simulations of canonical shock/turbulence interaction

A set of direct numerical simulations of isotropic turbulence passing through a nominally normal shock wave is presented. Upstream of the shock, the microscale Reynolds number is 40, the mean Mach number is 1.3–6.0, and the turbulence Mach number is 0.16–0.38. It is shown that the Kolmogorov scale decreases during the shock interaction, which implies that the grid resolution needed to resolve the viscous dissipation is finer than that used in previous studies. This leads to some qualitative differences with previous work, e.g., a rapid increase in the streamwise vorticity variance behind the shock and large anisotropy of the postshock Reynolds stresses. The instantaneous structure of the shock/turbulence interaction is examined using averages conditioned on the instantaneous shock strength. For locally strong compressions, the flow is characterized by overcompression, followed by an expansion. At points where the shock is locally weak, the profiles differ qualitatively depending on the strength of the inc.
Characteristics of a de novo designed protein

A series of 204 amino acid proteins intended to form TIM (triose phosphate isomerase) barrel structures were designed de novo. Each protein was synthesized by expression of the synthetic gene as a fusion protein with a portion of human growth hormone in an Escherichia coli host. After BrCN treatment, the protein was purified to homogeneity. The refolded proteins are globular and exist as monomers. One of the designed proteins is stable toward guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl) denaturation, with a midpoint of 2.6 M determined from CD and tryp‐tophan fluorescence measurements. The GuHCl denaturation is well described by a 2‐state model. The NMR spectra, the thermal denaturation curves, and the 1‐anilino‐8‐naphthalene sulfonic acid binding imply that the stability of the protein arises mainly from hydrophobic interactions, which are probably of a nonspecific nature. The protein has a similar shape to that of rabbit triosephosphate isomerase, as determined by electron microscopy.
Evaluation of the Long-Term Anti-Human Papillomavirus 6 (HPV6), 11, 16, and 18 Immune Responses Generated by the Quadrivalent HPV Vaccine

ABSTRACT This quadrivalent human papillomavirus (qHPV) (HPV6, -11, -16, and -18) vaccine long-term follow-up (LTFU) study is an ongoing extension of a pivotal clinical study (FUTURE II) taking place in the Nordic region. The LTFU study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness, immunogenicity, and safety of the qHPV vaccine (Gardasil) for at least 10 years following completion of the base study. The current report presents immunogenicity data from testing samples of the year 5 LTFU visit (approximately 9 years after vaccination). FUTURE II vaccination arm subjects, who consented to being followed in the LTFU, donated serum at regular intervals and in 2012. Anti-HPV6, -11, -16, and -18 antibodies were detected by the competitive Luminex immunoassay (cLIA), and in addition, serum samples from 2012 were analyzed by the total IgG Luminex immunoassay (LIA) (n = 1,598). cLIA geometric mean titers (GMTs) remained between 70% and 93% of their month 48 value depending on HPV type. For all HPV types, the lower bound of the 95% confidence interval (CI) for the year 9 GMTs remained above the serostatus cutoff value. The proportion of subjects who remained seropositive based on the IgG LIA was higher than the proportion based on cLIA, especially for anti-HPV18. As expected, the anti-HPV serum IgG and cLIA responses were strongly correlated for all HPV types. Anti-HPV GMTs and the proportion of vaccinated individuals who are seropositive remain high for up to 9 years of follow-up after vaccination.
Activation of the amygdalo‐entorhinal pathway in fear‐conditioning in rat

Several studies implicate a role for the amygdala in processing of emotional memories that might partially occur in the connections between the amygdala and the hippocampal–parahippocampal areas. The present study was designed to determine if the pathway from the amygdala to the entorhinal cortex becomes activated during acquisition of fear‐conditioning. First, the retrograde tracer Fluoro‐Gold (FG) was iontophoresed into the entorhinal cortex in rats. Following habituation, animals were divided into five groups: (i) controls that received another habituation session; (ii) animals given a tone only; (iii) animals given a footshock only; (iv) animals given an unpaired presentation of a shock and a tone; and (v) conditioned animals that received a single tone–footshock pairing. Then double‐immunohistochemistry against c‐Fos and FG or glutamate decarboxylase (GAD67) was performed. The numbers and densities of labelled neurons were calculated in the lateral and basal nuclei of the amygdala. In conditioned animals the number and density of c‐Fos‐positive nuclei increased in dorsolateral and medial divisions of the lateral nucleus compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Additionally, in the medial division of the lateral nucleus, the percentage of c‐Fos/FG double‐labelled neurons was higher in the conditioned animals compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). Only a very few GAD67‐positive interneurons expressed c‐Fos. These data indicate that a part of the amygdalo‐entorhinal pathway is activated during acquisition of fear‐conditioning. These data support the idea that emotionally relevant sensory information in the lateral nucleus can influence information processing in the hippocampal and parahippocampal areas via the amygdalo‐entorhinal pathway.
Surgical Stimulation Shifts EEG Concentration–Response Relationship of Desflurane

Background Anesthesiologists routinely increase the delivered anesthetic concentration before surgical stimulation in anticipation of increased anesthetic requirement to achieve certain goals (e.g., amnesia, unconsciousness, and immobility). Electroencephalographic monitoring is one method of determining indirectly anesthetic effect on the brain. The present study investigated the effect of surgical stimuli on the concentration–response relation of desflurane-induced electroencephalographic changes. Methods The electroencephalographic activity was recorded from 24 female patients who received only desflurane after a single induction dose of propofol. Twelve patients served as a control group before surgical stimulation. The other 12 patients, all undergoing lower abdominal surgery, were investigated between opening and closure of the peritoneum. Desflurane vaporizer settings were randomly increased and decreased between 0.5 and 1.6 minimum alveolar concentration as long as anesthesia was considered adequate. Spectral edge frequency 95, median power frequency, and Bispectral Index were calculated. Desflurane effect-site concentrations and the concentration–effect curves for spectral edge frequency 95, median power frequency, and Bispectral Index were determined by simultaneous pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling. Results Surgical stimulation shifted the desflurane concentration–electroencephalographic effect curves for spectral edge frequency 95, median power frequency, and Bispectral Index toward higher desflurane concentrations. In the unstimulated group, 2.2 ± 0.74 vol% desflurane were necessary to achieve a Bispectral Index of 50, whereas during surgery, 6.8 ± 0.98 vol% (mean ± SE) were required. Conclusions During surgery, higher concentrations of the volatile anesthetic are required to achieve a desired level of cortical electrical activity and, presumably, anesthesia.
Long-term survival after gastrectomy and metastasectomy for gastric cancer with synchronous bone metastasis

Bone metastasis is a rare event in patients with gastric cancer, but pathologic fracture, paralysis, pain and hematological disorders associated with the bone metastasis may influence the quality of life. We report herein the case of a 53-year-old man who presented with primary remnant gastric cancer with bone metastasis. The patient requested further investigations after detection of a metastatic lesion in the 2nd lumbar vertebra during evaluation for back pain that had persisted for 3 mo. No other metastatic lesions were detected. He underwent total gastrectomy and palliative metastasectomy to aid in reduction of symptoms, and he received combination chemotherapy with tegafur (S-1) and cisplatin. The patient survived for about 60 mo after surgery. Currently, there is no treatment guideline for gastric cancer with bone metastasis, and we believe that gastrectomy plus metastasectomy may be an effective therapeutic option for improving quality of life and survival in patients with resectable primary gastric cancer and bone metastasis.