Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validation of the Quantitative Diagnostic Thinking Inventory for Athletic Training: A Pilot Study

Context: The cognitive process of making a clinical decision lies somewhere on a continuum between novices using hypothetico-deductive reasoning and experts relying more on case pattern recognition. Although several methods exist for measuring facets of clinical reasoning in specific situations, none have been experimentally applied, as of yet, to the profession of athletic training. The Diagnostic Thinking Inventory (DTI) has been used with medical doctors and medical students to determine their level of clinical reasoning as it applies to diagnosis making. Objective: To validate the DTI for Athletic Training (DTI-AT) and associated interview questions for use in the field of athletic training. Design: Mixed methodology. Setting: Online inventory and Skype-based interviews. Patients or Other Participants: Convenience sample of 25 senior-level athletic training students. Main Outcome Measure(s): Participants completed an online version of the DTI-AT which rated clinical reasoning tendencies on a 6-point L.
Towards developing product applications of thick origami using the offset panel technique

Abstract. Several methods have been developed to accommodate for the use of thick materials in origami models which preserve either the model's full range of motion or its kinematics. The offset panel technique (OPT) preserves both the range of motion and the kinematics while allowing for a great deal of flexibility in design. This work explores new possibilities for origami-based product applications presented by the OPT. Examples are included to illustrate fundamental capabilities that can be realized with thick materials such as accommodation of various materials in a design and manipulation of panel geometry resulting in an increased stiffness and strength. These capabilities demonstrate the potential of techniques such as the OPT to further inspire origami-based solutions to engineering problems.
Insuring Public Finances Against Natural Disasters - a Survey of Options and Recent Initiatives

Natural disasters can put severe strain on public finances, in particular in developing and small countries. But catastrophe insurance markets increasingly offer opportunities for the transfer of such risks. Thus far, developing countries have only tepidly begun to tap these opportunities. More frequent and intensive use of insurance markets may be desirable because it could help introduce an important element of predictability in the post-disaster public finances of disaster-prone developing countries. Against this background, the paper surveys the various available insurance modalities and reviews recent initiatives in developing and emerging market countries. It also identifies some key challenges for the insurance community, donors, and international financial institutions (IFIs).
Are cooperative relationships a viable option for accessing resources for female informal traders in South Africa?

Even though the number of female-owned businesses is rising at a fast rate, in emerging and developing markets they tend to operate in the informal sector concentrated in less attractive survivalist businesses. This study investigates the use of cooperative relationships (CRs) to improve the sustainability of female-owned informal retail businesses. It is important because women account for about 70% of the world’s poor and yet are more likely to use a higher proportion of their income on the wellbeing of their families. To investigate the use of and the factors that influence CRs amongst female informal traders, a convenience sample of 173 informal female traders was surveyed. Data analysis was done using Pearson Productmoment correlation. The findings show that CRs of most female informal traders focused on financial security, social and spiritual wellbeing of the respondents and their families. CRs with family and other traders were common but the latter were more widespread and perceived to be more beneficial to the business than the former in facilitating access to diverse business resources. The study concluded that the implementation of formal support for traders’ CRs could contribute to business sustainability through improved access to resources. Corresponding author: Albertina Jere Email addresses for corresponding author: jerea@cput.ac. za First submission received: 30th November 2017 Revised submission received: 30th January 2018 Accepted: 25th March 2018
TMR based Error Correction Method Considering Trade-off between Area and Soft-Error Tolerance

Recently, the lowering of soft error tolerance of LSI becomes the problem. Soft error is a phenomenon that the output value of a logic gate flips transiently or the preserved value of a storage element flips because of neutron particle strike etc. This paper presents a TMR based error correction method considering trade-off between soft error tolerance and area overhead. Our method corrects an error which occurs in a logic circuit when specific input vectors are given to the circuit. In our method, the degree of loss of soft error tolerance that can be allowed in target circuit is given as a design constraint. The method aims at selecting input vectors which contribute to area minimization of correction circuits under the constraint as unprotected vectors. This paper shows vector selection method for minimizing the area. For results, there are several circuits that it is cost-effective. It seems that there is validity in our approach.
NiO / ZnO light emitting diodes by solution-based growth

Heterojunction NiO / ZnO light emitting diodes have been fabricated using low temperature solution-based growth methods. While negligible light emission has been obtained for the as-grown NiO ﬁlm, devices with annealed NiO ﬁlm exhibit room-temperature electroluminescence (cid:1) EL (cid:2) , which was attributed to the detrimental effects of nickel oxide hydroxide in as-grown NiO layers. The device performance can be further modiﬁed by insertion of the organic layers between NiO and ZnO and the EL spectra exhibited dependence on the bias voltage. For higher bias voltages, strong UV-violet emission peak can be obtained in spite of the dominance of defect emission in the photoluminescence spectra. © 2008 American Institute of Physics . (cid:3) DOI: 10.1063/1.2898505 (cid:4) Both homojunction 1–3 and heterojunction 1,4–7 light emitting diodes (cid:1) LEDs (cid:2) based on ZnO have been reported to date.
The role of probiotics in the regulation of microbial load in green detox smoothie to prevent foodborne and gastrointestinal infections

Aim: The aim of this study was to reduce microbial load that can cause foodborne and gastrointestinal system infections in green detox smoothie by using probiotics instead of antimicrobials and heat treatments, and to develop green detox smoothie treated with probiotics for promoting gastrointestinal microflora. Material and Methods: The microflora of green detox smoothie were determined by counting of total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMAB), yeasts and molds (YM), Lactobacillus spp. , and E. coli on appropriate selective media. After 24 hours 37oC incubation of green detox smoothies with L. acidophilus and L. reuteri solely, all microorganisms were counted on appropriate media by streak plate method with respect to control. Results: When treatments of L. acidophilus and L. reuteri were considered, significant reductions in the logarithmic counts of TMAB, YM and E. coli were seen. It was seen that inhibition of yeasts and molds were lower than inhibition of TMAB in green detox smoothie treated with probiotics. It was also determined that inhibitory effects of L. acidophilus and L. reuteri were the same against whole microorganisms (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The applications of probiotics provide an alternative method for reducing microbial load of nutrients to the usage of antimicrobial substances and heat treatments. By the applications of probiotics, not only gastrointestinal microflora is promoted, but also microbial load of pathogens is eliminated in unprocessed nutrients such as green detox smoothie.
The behavior under projection of dilating sets in a covering space

Let M be a compact Riemannian manifold with covering space S, and suppose dcur (O < r < oo) is a family of Borel probability measures on S, all of which arise from some fixed measure by r-homotheties of S about some point, followed by renormalization of the resulting measure. In this paper we study the ergodic properties, as a function of r, of the corresponding family of projected measures on M in the Euclidean and hyperbolic cases. A typical example arises by considering the behavior of a dilating family of spheres under projection. Suppose Tn is the n-dimensional integral torus, regarded as the quotient of Rn by the lattice r of integral translations, and suppose d1i is a Borel probability measure on Rn, i.e., d1i is a real, nonnegative Borel measure on Rn having total mass 1. By projection, d,i gives rise to a Borel probability measure dm on Tn, if we define the measure of a set in Tn to be the measure with respect to d,i of its total preimage in Rn with respect to the projection map from Rn to Tn. For various types of F-invariant functions f on Rn, or, what is the same thing, functions on Tn; it is natural to study the difference (1) fn f (x) dx f (x) dm(x), Tn Tn where dx is normalized Lebesgue measure. This quantity arises, for example, in the study of equidistribution of sequences, and in the study of ergodic properties of irrational lines in Tn. In order to study (1), suppose, for the moment, that f is Coo with Fourier series E CN e27i(N,x), and suppose D(y) = f e20i(xY) dc4(x) is the Fourier transform of d,u. Then it is easily checked that the Nth Fourier coefficient of dm(x) is D(-N), and since f is smooth the Parseval equality can be applied to conclude that J f (x) dm(x) = CN T (N) = Co + EZcN(N), Tn where the prime indicates that the origin is omitted from the summation. But co = fTn f (x) dx, so (2) f (x) dx f (x) dm(x) = S CN((N). Tn Tn I.e., from our point of view, the study of (1) is equivalent to the study of the asymptotic behavior of (. It is the purpose of this paper to illustrate this principle Received by the editors October 21, 1983. 1980 Mathmatics Suject CZassification. Primary 22D40. (X)1984 American Mathematical Society 0002-9947/84 $1.00 + $. 25 per page 855 This content downloaded from 207.46. 13.149 on Mon, 03 Oct 2016 06:26:09 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor. org/terms
3D Reconstruction from IR Thermal Images and Reprojective Evaluations

Infrared thermography has been widely used in various domains to measure the temperature distributions of objects and surfaces. The methodology can be further extended to 3D applications if the spatial information of the temperature distribution is available. This paper proposes a 3D infrared imaging approach based on silhouette volume intersection to reconstruct volumetric temperature data of enclosed objects. 3D IR images are taken from various angles and integrated with 2D RGB images to effectively reconstruct a 3D model of the object's temperature distributions. Various automatic thresholding methods are also compared and evaluated by reprojection scoring to systematically assess the effectiveness and accuracy of the different approaches. Experiment results have demonstrated the ability of the system to provide an estimate to the 3D location of an internal heat source from images taken externally.
Genetic composition, divergence, admixture and use of ancestry informative markers in indigenous breeds of cattle in India

A total of 14 Bos indicus cattle breeds of India (indigenous cattle) were studied to investigate their genetic composition, divergence and admixture. Descriptive statistics on genotype data revealed that Amritmahal, Tharparkar and Kangayam had relatively low expected heterozygosity than other indigenous breeds. Geography and FST were tightly connected. Principal component analysis did not reveal any major substructures within the indigenous breeds; however, more principal components than total number of breeds (30 components were highly significant) were required to explain considerable variability amongst breeds studied. All indigenous breeds except Hariana, Rathi, Khillar and Hallikar had distinct origins in our Admixture analysis. Stable proportions of four populations each in Khillar and Hallikar suggested a distant origin by admixture for these breeds, while Hariana and Rathi showed signs of recent admixture. Patterns of divergence of the selected indigenous breeds of cattle of India have been presented in the paper and compared with other Bos indicus and Bos taurus breeds in other parts of the world by TreeMix analysis. No evidence for migration to or from indigenous breeds of India to other cattle breeds was found. A set of 500 ancestry informative markers for Gir, Sahiwal, Kankrej, Red Sindhi, Holstein Friesian and Jersey breeds were identified and found suitable for tracing ancestries of these purebred as well as their crossbreds. Implications of these studies have been described with emphasis on efficient implementation of breed improvement programs.
Interested in learning more about cyber security training ?

There remains a lack of definition and a formal model from which to base threat hunting operations and quantifying the success of said operations from the beginning of a threat hunt engagement to the end that also allows analysis of analytic rigor and completeness. The formal practice of threat hunting seeks to uncover the presence of attacker tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP) within an environment not already discovered by existing detection technologies. This research outlines a practical and rigorous model to conduct a threat hunt to discover attacker presence by using six stages: purpose, scope, equip, plan review, execute, and feedback. This research defines threat hunting as the proactive, analyst-driven process to search for attacker TTP within an environment. The model was tested using a series of threat hunts with real-world datasets. Threat hunts conducted with and without the model observed the effectiveness and practicality of this research. Furthermore, this paper contains a walkthrough of the threat hunt model based on the information from the Ukraine 2016 electrical grid attacks in a simulated environment to demonstrate the model’s impact on the threat hunt process. The outcome of this research provides an effective and repeatable process for threat hunting as well as quantifying the overall integrity, coverage, and rigor of the hunt.
Documentation strategies on agile software development projects

Agile software development methods and their proponents suggest 'just enough' documentation on agile projects. However, for practitioners of these methods it remains unclear how much is 'just enough' documentation. Based on a grounded theory study of 58 agile practitioners from 23 different software organisations in New Zealand and India, we found several documentation strategies being used by agile teams to overcome various challenges they faced. These documentation strategies include documenting electronic back-ups of physical paper artefacts that are prone to damage and loss; documenting change decisions by customers to trace changes and avoid disagreements; documenting business terminology for more effective requirements elicitation; documenting the traditional way when collaborating with non-agile teams; and documenting positive customer feedback to demonstrate advantage of agile adoptions. These documentation strategies collectively help define 'just enough' documentation by describing the different forms and amounts of documentation agile teams engage in.
Geometric Monitoring in Action: a Systems Perspective for the Internet of Things

Applications for IoT often continuously monitor sensor values and react if the network-wide aggregate exceeds a threshold. Previous work on Geometric monitoring (GM) has promised a several-fold reduction in communication but been limited to analytic or high-level simulation results. In this paper, we build and evaluate a full system design for GM on resource-constrained devices. In particular, we provide an algorithmic implementation for commodity IoT hardware and a detailed study regarding duty cycle reduction and energy savings. Our results, both from full-system simulations and a publicly available testbed, show that GM indeed provides several-fold energy savings in communication. We see up to 3x and 11x reduction in duty-cycle when monitoring the variance and average temperature of a real-world data set, but the results fall short compared to the reduction in communication (4.3x and 44x, respectively). Hence, we investigate the energy overhead imposed by the network stack and the communication pattern of the algorithm and summarize our findings. These insights may enable the design of protocols that will unlock more of the potential of GM and similar algorithms for IoT deployments.
Probing Modified Gravity Theories with ISW and CMB Lensing

The imprint of the cross-correlation of the Integrated Sach s-Wolfe effect (ISW) and lensing of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation has recently been detected in the bispectrum of temperature maps. In this paper, we use the optimised skew-spectrum as well as skew-spectra associated with Minkowski Functionals (MFs) to test the possibility of using this signal to detect deviations in the theory of gravity away from General Relativity (GR). We fi nd that the although both statistics can put constraints on modified gravity, the optimised skew- spectra are especially sensitive to the parameter B0 that denotes the the Compton wavelengthof the scalaron at the present epoch, and both can be used to put stringent constraints on any departure from GR, or pinpoint any systematics in the data. We investigate three modified gravity theories, namely: the Post-Parametrised Friedmanian (PPF) formalism; the Hu-Sawicki (HS) model; and the Bertschinger-Zukin (BZ) formalism. Employing a likelihood analysis for an experimental setup similar to ESA’s Planck mission, we find that, assuming GR to be the correct model, we expect the constraints from the first two skew-spectra, S (0) l andS (1) l , to be the same: B0 < 0.45 at 95% confidence level (CL), and B0 < 0.67 at 99% CL in the BZ model. The third skew-spectrum does not give any meaningful constraint. The performance of MFs can be improved by using Wiener-type filtering, but we fi nd that the optimal skew-spectrum is much more powerful, giving B0 < 0.071 at 95% CL and B0 < 0.15 at 99% CL, which is a factor of six improvement compared to constraints derived from MF, and essentially identical to what can be achieved using the full bispectrum.
Correction to “Transport of north China air pollution by midlatitude cyclones: Case study of aircraft measurements in summer 2007”

[1] Warm conveyor belts (WCBs) and frontal activity play important roles in the longrange transport of air pollutants by lifting them from the planetary boundary layer (PBL) into the free troposphere (FT) in midlatitudes. In summer 2007, an aircraft study was carried out in northeast (NE) China in order to understand the role of midlatitude cyclones in air pollution transport in north and east China in warm seasons. During a flight on 27 June, high concentrations of ozone and related trace gases were observed, with maximum concentrations (O3 140 ppbv, SO2 14.6 ppbv, CO 1185 ppbv) recorded at an altitude of 2.6 km. In this paper we present a detailed analysis of this flight. The mesoscale meteorological model Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and a Lagrangian dispersion model called FLEXPART were used to aid the diagnostic analysis of the atmospheric dynamic structure and the understanding of the transport characteristics of regional and local air pollution. The flight took place in a region adjacent to a warm front associated with a weak cyclone in north China. The aircraft sampled both the WCB and warm air frontal zone of the cyclone. The simulations show that the observed high air pollution in the FT mostly originated from the North China Plain, especially the megacities Beijing and Tianjin. Their plumes were vented by a stagnant front, probably through, in part, topographic lifting by the mountains in the north, and then were quickly transported in the FT to the study region. Trajectory analysis and satellite data suggest that the observed air masses were further lifted by the WCB into the middle and upper troposphere and were exported from Asia toward North America and the Arctic.
Development and evaluation of carbamazepine fast dissolving tablets prepared with a complex by direct compression technique

The present study deals with the formulation of fast dissolving tablets of poorly soluble carbamazepine by the direct compression technique with β-cyclodextrin complexes using various super disintegrants like Indion-414, croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone and sodium starch glycolate. Carbamazepine is used to control different types of seizures in the treatment of epilepsy. Poor solubility in biological fluids is the major problem with this drug as also its poor bioavailability after oral administration.The rate of absorption and/or the extent of bioavailability for such a poor soluble drug is controlled by rate of dissolution in gastrointestinal fluids. Hence, to enhance the solubility of the drug, a complex of carbamazepine was prepared with β-cyclodextrin and this complex was compressed into tablets. The prepared tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, drug content, weight variation, disintegrating time, wetting time, in vitro dissolution studies, etc. The prepared tablets were characterized by DSC, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and stability studies.The different formulations showed disintegration times between the ranges of 26.86 and 58.54 s. Drug release showed time between the ranges of 4 and 12 min. Among all the formulations, B8 showed 99.89% drug release within 4 min.Thus, B8 was considered as the best among the other formulations. No chemical interaction between the drug and the excipients was confirmed by DSC and FTIR studies. The stability study was conducted as per the ICH guidelines and the formulations were found to be stable, with insignificant changes in hardness, drug content and disintegration time.These results revealed that fast dissolving tablets of the poorly soluble drug, carbamazepine, showing enhanced dissolution and, hence, better patient compliance.
Special Issue on “Sound and Music Computing”

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