Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Chronic arthritis before 1876: early British cases suggesting rheumatoid arthritis.

Is rheumatoid arthritis (RA) a recent disease or do its roots lie in antiquity? There are several reasons to believe that RA may be a modem disease first seen in the mid-nineteenth century which could have followed the social changes of the industrial revolution. ' But is this actually the case? Although the term 'rheumatoid arthritis' was only proposed by Garrod in 1876,2 much evidence indicates that RA existed before 1800. Rothschild et al3 found features of an erosive arthropathy in six prehistoric skeletons, though 3000 subterranean years could cause some bone changes. The illness of Constantine IX, described by Psellus (1 063)4 had features of a chronic inflammatory illness such as RA.4 The disease of Desiderus Erasmus (1466-1536), reported by Appelboom and others,5 had similar features. Siebrandus Sisilius, a 17th century Dutch priest, had evidence of rheumatoid arthritis of the robust type shown in a portrait described by Dequeker.6 The description of RA by Landr& Beauvais7 in 1800 is generally accepted as the modem disease but was this the first report? To evaluate ifRA existed before the mid1800s we reviewed medical writing before 1850 and examined diagnostic registers and case histories from archives at London hospitals after 1700.
Integrating user knowledge into design pattern detection

Design pattern detection is useful for a range of software comprehension and maintenance tasks. Tools that rely on static or dynamic analysis alone can produce inaccurate results, especially for patterns that rely on the run-time information. Some tools provide facilities for the developer to refine the results by adding their own knowledge. Currently, however, the ability of tools to accommodate this knowledge is very limited; it can only pertain to the detected patterns and cannot provide additional knowledge about the source code, or about its behaviour. In this thesis, we propose an approach to combine existing pattern detection techniques with a structured feedback mechanism. This enables the developer to refine the detection results by feeding-in additional knowledge about pattern implementations and software behaviour. The motivation is that a limited amount of user input can complement the automated detection process, to produce results that are more accurate. To evaluate the approach we applied it to a selection of openly available software systems. The evaluation was carried in two parts. First, an evaluation case study was carried out to detect pattern instances in the selected systems with the help of the user knowledge. Second, a user study of a broader range of expert users of design patterns was conducted in order to investigate the impact of their knowledge on the detection process, and to see whether it is realistic that the user can identify useful knowledge for the detection process. The evaluation results indicate that the proposed approach can yield a significant improvement in the accuracy whilst requiring a relatively small degree of user input from the developer. Moreover, the results show that expert users can supplement the design pattern detection process with a useful feedback that can enhance the detection of design pattern instances in the source code.
Decision support program for congestion management using demand side flexibility

In the past decades, Distribution System Operators (DSOs) have been mitigating distribution networks (DNs) contingencies by opting to grid reinforcements. However, this approach is not always cost and time efficient. Demand Side Flexibility (DSF) is one of the recent alternatives used in DNs congestion management. Consequently, new market players such as aggregators are needed to handle DSF transaction between customers and DSOs. This paper proposes and models a decision support program (DSP) to optimize the total cost charged by the DSO for using DSF services. Moreover, the energy rebound effect is taken into consideration as well as the uncertain behavior of customers. Finally, the distribution grid of the Danish Bornholm Island is used to illustrate the merits of the DSP. The total cost incurred by the DSO is calculated and presented.
Dispositional causal relations : a case study on Emission

This paper argues that when thematic roles are restricted to judgements about causal properties of events, this falls short of accounting for cases where thematic roles reflect judgements about dispositional properties of objects. I develop my argument with a case study on a class of intransitive verbs that have been called ‘Emission Verbs’ and which are difficult to bring in line with the unaccusativity hypothesis put forward in Perlmutter (1978). Reviewing two diametrically opposed accounts of Emission Verbs in the literature (Levin and Rappaport Hovav (1995) vs. Reinhart (2002)), I show that the thematic-semantic relation between the events described by Emission Verbs and their single arguments cannot be characterized unambiguously in terms of causal properties of events but pertains to dispositional properties of the emitter argument. I follow Zaenen (1988) in arguing that Emission Verbs semantically constitute a third distinct class of intransitives but extend what sets Emission Verbs semantically apart from unergatives and unaccusatives to the syntax, by proposing a syntactic structure of Emission Verbs that differs from those for the other two intransitive verb classes of unergatives and unaccusatives.
Analysis of Nitric Oxide Signaling Functions in Tobacco Cells Challenged by the Elicitor Cryptogein1

Nitric oxide (NO) has recently emerged as an important cellular mediator in plant defense responses. However, elucidation of the biochemical mechanisms by which NO participates in this signaling pathway is still in its infancy. We previously demonstrated that cryptogein, an elicitor of tobacco defense responses, triggers a NO burst within minutes in epidermal sections from tobacco leaves (Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi). Here, we investigate the signaling events that mediate NO production, and analyze NO signaling activities in the cryptogein transduction pathway. Using flow cytometry and spectrofluorometry, we observed that cryptogein-induced NO production in tobacco cell suspensions is sensitive to nitric oxide synthase inhibitors and may be catalyzed by variant P, a recently identified pathogen-inducible plant nitric oxide synthase. NO synthesis is tightly regulated by a signaling cascade involving Ca2+ influx and phosphorylation events. Using tobacco cells constitutively expressing the Ca2+ reporter apoaequorin in the cytosol, we have shown that NO participates in the cryptogein-mediated elevation of cytosolic free Ca2+ through the mobilization of Ca2+ from intracellular stores. The NO donor diethylamine NONOate promoted an increase in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration, which was sensitive to intracellular Ca2+ channel inhibitors. Moreover, NO appears to be involved in the pathway(s) leading to the accumulation of transcripts encoding the heat shock protein TLHS-1, the ethylene-forming enzyme cEFE-26, and cell death. In contrast, NO does not act upstream of the elicitor-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase, the opening of anion channels, nor expression of GST, LOX-1, PAL, and PR-3 genes. Collectively, our data indicate that NO is intimately involved in the signal transduction processes leading to cryptogein-induced defense responses.
Medical Image Retrieval Based on Semantic of Neighborhood Color Moment Histogram

Content-based medical image retrieval is getting more and more importance in aspect of clinical assistant diagnose. This paper in allusion to gastroscopic images, make use of latent semantic indexing technology to implement image retrieval which based on its semantic information. First extract image's histogram of neighborhood color moments of low-level features, and then use normalizing, term weighting and singular value decomposition to realize low-level features mapping into high-level semantic features. In this way, the retrieval results will be more in accordance with the doctor's comprehension of the image's semantic content. The experimental results according to the prototype system show that the approach proposed in the paper could improve the retrieval performance steadily.
Growth And Development Ecosystems Phenomenology

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Cyclin a but not cyclin D1 is essential for c‐myc‐modulated cell‐cycle progression

The proto‐oncogene c‐myc is a key player in cell‐cycle regulation and is deregulated in a broad range of human cancers and cell proliferation disorders. Here we reported that overexpression of c‐myc in human embryonic lung fibroblasts (HEL) that have low endogenous c‐myc enriched S phase cells with increased expression of cyclin D3, E, A, Cdk2, and Cdk4, and decreased expression of p21 and p27. To the opposite, using RNAi to downregulate c‐myc expression in A549 cells that have high endogenous c‐myc enriched G1 phase cells with decreased expression of cyclin D3, E, A, Cdk2, Cdk4, and increased expression of p21 and p27. We found that cyclin A expression was the most susceptive to changes in c‐myc levels and essential in c‐myc‐modulated cell cycle pathway via co‐transfection, however, cyclin D1 showed no change between treated and control groups in either HEL or A549 cells. Our results indicated that upregulation of c‐myc expression promotes cell cycling in HEL cells, whereas downregulation of c‐myc expression causes G1 phase arrest in A549 cells, and the c‐myc‐mediated cell‐cycle regulation pathway was dependent on cyclin A and involved cyclin D3, E, Cdk2, Cdk4, p21, and p27, but not cyclin D1. J. Cell. Physiol. 210: 63–71, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Board Independence and Asymmetric Timeliness of Earnings in a Bank- oriented Financial System: Evidence from Finland

This study examines the link between the board independence and asymmetric timeliness of earnings in a bank-oriented financial system. The models by Basu (1997) and Ball & Shivakumar (2005) are re-estimated. This study extends prior research by Beekes et al. (2004), Ahmed & Duellman (2007) and Garcia Lara et al. (2007) and investigates the relationship between board compositions and asymmetric timeliness of earnings in civil law regime and capital markets, which are commonly considered more bank than market based. Such institutional settings exist among others, in Finland, Japan, Germany and Scandinavia. The Finnish data serves well for this study because accounting quality in Finland is considered to be among the highest in the world. The estimation period 2003-2005 serves well for this study, because the renewed and highly detailed corporate governance recommendation for Finnish listed companies entered into force in December 2003. The results obtained using the Basu model show that bad news (negative returns) are reflected in earnings on a more timely basis than good news (positive returns). In this respect the results are in line with earlier findings. Unexpectedly it was found that timeliness of bad news reporting does not depend on the number of independent directors, while the timeliness of good news reporting does. The result can be interpreted in such a way that independent directors do not directly increase the market reaction to good news (positive returns) but have an indirect effect by increasing the markets` credence in the board and their reporting. The results from the Ball & Shivakumar model indicate that, inconsistently with the Basu model, timely recognition of bad news (negative cash flows) over good news (positive cash flows) is statistically insignificant.
Punctuality : A Research Agenda

We address the issue of punctuality from an economics and from a strategy point of view, dealing both with theoretical and empirical approaches. Our empirical work is based on a dataset of construction projects from the petrochemical industry. We propose a series of games that characterize basic elements of strategic behavior in the context of punctuality. The preliminary and theoretical analyzes serve as a springboard for a research agenda on the economics and strategy of punctuality.
38-GHz Millimeter Wave Beam Steered Fiber Wireless Systems for 5G Indoor Coverage: Architectures, Devices, and Links

Millimeter wave (mm-wave) beam steering is a key technique for the next generation (5G) wireless communication. The 28 and 38-GHz bands are widely considered as the candidates for 5G. In the context of indoor coverage, fiber-wireless systems with multiple simplified remote antenna sites are attractive to avoid the indoor coverage problem caused by the high wall penetration loss of mm-wave signals. To allow enough antenna gain at the mm-wave bands, radio beam steering (and beamforming) is desired. Combining fiber-wireless system with remotely controlled photonic mm-wave beam steering can bring significant advances in terms of energy efficiency and cost. In this paper, we explore two kinds of indoor fiber-wireless network architectures for such mm-wave beam steering. Then, we discuss and investigate the key enabling device, which is an arrayed waveguide grating feedback loop (AWG-loop). Based on the AWG-loop, we further design two fiber-wireless links to accommodate the two network architectures. Both links with bit rates from 50 Mb/s to 8 Gb/s per spatial channel are experimentally demonstrated with a 38-GHz carrier frequency. The advanced reversely modulated optical transmitter and half-cycled 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM-16) are employed to realize a simplified mm-wave beam steered fiber-wireless link with the record-breaking 16-b/s/Hz (4 spatial channels $\times 4$ bits/s/Hz) spatial-spectral efficiency in its kind.
More Fire How To Run The Kenyan Way

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Endothelial Progenitor Cell-Derived Microvesicles Improve Neovascularization in a Murine Model of Hindlimb Ischemia

Paracrine mediators released from endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been implicated in neoangiogenesis following ischemia. Recently, we demonstrated that microvesicles (MVs) derived from EPCs are able to activate an angiogenic program in quiescent endothelial cells by a horizontal transfer of RNA. In this study we aim to investigate whether EPC-derived MVs are able to induce neoangiogenesis and to enhance recovery in a murine model of hindlimb ischemia. Hindlimb ischemia was induced in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice by ligation and resection of the left femoral artery and mice were treated with EPC-derived MVs (MVs), RNase-inactivated MVs (RnaseMVs), fibroblast-derived MVs or vehicle alone as control (CTL). Since MVs contained the angiogenic miR-126 and miR-296, we evaluated whether microRNAs may account for the angiogenic activities by treating mice with MVs obtained from DICER-knock-down EPC (DICER-MVs). The limb perfusion evaluated by laserdoppler analysis demonstrated that MVs significantly enhanced perfusion in respect to CTL (0.50±0.08 vs 0.39±0.03, p < 0.05). After 7 days, immunohistochemical analyses on the gastrocnemius muscle of the ischemic hindlimb showed that MVs but not fibroblast-MVs significantly increased the capillary density in respect to CTL (MVs vs CTL: 24.7±10.3 vs 13.5±6, p < 0.0001) and (fibroblast-MVs vs CTL: 10.2±3.4 vs 13.5±6, ns); RNaseMVs and DICER-MVs significantly reduced the effect of MVs (RNaseMVs vs CTL: 15.7±4.1 vs 13.5±6, ns) (MVs vs DICER-MVs 24.7±10.3 vs 18.1±5.8, p < 0.05), suggesting a role of RNAs shuttled by MVs. Morphometric analysis confirmed that MVs enhanced limb perfusion and reduced injury. The results of the present study indicate that treatment with EPC-derived MVs improves neovascularization and favors regeneration in severe hindlimb ischemia induced in SCID mice. This suggests a possible use of EPCs-derived MVs for treatment of peripheral arterial disease.
Évaluation quantitative de la sécurité. Approche basée sur les vulnérabilités

Les travaux presentes dans cet article sont consacres a la securisation des systemes d'information en se basant sur des mesures quantitatives. Les mesures ont pour but d'aider a la prevision des risques et de fournir les informations necessaires permettant d'assurer le niveau de securite du systeme en operation. Dans cette approche, nous prenons en consideration des facteurs externes ayant un impact significatif sur la securite du systeme. Nous avons identifie trois facteurs, lies au processus d'exploitation d'une vulnerabilite : le cycle de vie de la vul-nerabilite, le comportement des attaquants et le comportement de l'administrateur du systeme. Nous avons etudie les dependances entre ces differents facteurs et comment leur evolution pou-vait impacter la securite du systeme. A partir de cette etude, nous avons defini des mesures quantitatives prenant en compte ces facteurs externes et avons modelise, en utilisant le forma-lisme des SAN (Stochastic Activity Networks), le processus d'exploitation de la vulnerabilite qui conduit a la compromission du systeme. Nous avons distingue deux scenarios selon que la vulnerabilite est decouverte par une personne malveillante ou non malveillante. En analysant une base de donnees de vulnerabilites, nous avons caracterise la probabilite d'occurrence de plusieurs evenements du cycle de vie de la vulnerabilite, que nous utilisons pour l'obtention de nos mesures. ABSTRACT. The objective of this work is the evaluation of information systems security using quantitative measures. These measures aim at forecasting risks and providing information to monitor the security level of the system in operation. In our approach, we take into account some environmental factors that have a significant impact on the security of the system. We have identified three such factors that are related to the vulnerability exploitation process: the vulnerability life cycle, the behavior of the attackers and the behavior of the system administrator. We have studied the dependencies between these factors and how the evolution of these factors could impact the system security. From this study, we have defined quantitative security measures taking into account these environmental factors and we have developed a model 1 re soumission a Technique et science informatiques, le 22/03/2011
Managerial Strategies and Practice in the Asian Business Sector

Managerial Strategies and Practice in the Asian Business Sector is a comprehensive reference source for theories and practices related to business integration in Asian countries. The research presented within this timely resource closely examines a number of essential topics such as ethics, competition, and entrepreneurship in an era of globalization and economic expansion. Illustrates innovative insights concerning the development of business strategies in this growing region.
Identification of the Major Spliceosomal RNAs in Dictyostelium discoideum Reveals Developmentally Regulated U2 Variants and Polyadenylated snRNAs

ABSTRACT Most eukaryotic mRNAs depend upon precise removal of introns by the spliceosome, a complex of RNAs and proteins. Splicing of pre-mRNA is known to take place in Dictyostelium discoideum, and we previously isolated the U2 spliceosomal RNA experimentally. In this study, we identified the remaining major spliceosomal RNAs in Dictyostelium by a bioinformatical approach. Expression was verified from 17 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes. All these genes are preceded by a putative noncoding RNA gene promoter. Immunoprecipitation showed that snRNAs U1, U2, U4, and U5, but not U6, carry the conserved trimethylated 5′ cap structure. A number of divergent U2 species are expressed in Dictyostelium. These RNAs carry the U2 RNA hallmark sequence and structure motifs but have an additional predicted stem-loop structure at the 5′ end. Surprisingly, and in contrast to the other spliceosomal RNAs in this study, the new U2 variants were enriched in the cytoplasm and were developmentally regulated. Furthermore, all of the snRNAs could also be detected as polyadenylated species, and polyadenylated U1 RNA was demonstrated to be located in the cytoplasm.
Marketing Plan for a SME

Tampereen ammattikorkeakoulu Tampere University of Applied Sciences Degree Programme in Tourism HEURMAN, MARK & PAAVOLA, JOHANNES: Marketing Plan for a SME Bachelor's thesis 60 pages, appendices 21 pages November 2015 The aim of this bachelor’s thesis was to create a marketing plan for E.A. T. Tampere, a bike rental and city tour business in Tampere, Finland. Being a decidedly small business, the company has never been able to focus on marketing and has thus not had a structured marketing plan. The objectives for the marketing plan were developed using first-hand information provided by the company and self-conducted research into tours in the Tampere area. The main purpose of the marketing plan was to increase the visibility of the company and provide new perspectives for certain aspects of company operations. The authors studied marketing and marketing tools broadly to discern which would be the most applicable in the company’s efforts to gain visibility. Budgetary and resource considerations common to small businesses guided the selection process. The marketing plan itself can be found in the appendix of this thesis due to confidentiality considerations. All of the proposed actions contained in the marketing plan have been designed based on information of the current situation at the time of writing and are subject to change according to the changing marketing environment and prominent trends in the industry. It has been left up to the discretion of the company to choose which aspects of the marketing plan will be utilized to improve visibility in the future.