Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The mechanical and magnetic behaviour of sintered fibre networks and their suitability for a therapeutic, biomedical application

Background: Sintered, metallic fibre networks have been used in the design of a range of technical devices in the past years (e.g. heat exchangers or catalysts). One potential application in the field of therapeutic, biomedical engineering is the magnetic-mechanical stimulation of bone growth around prosthetic implants after joint replacement surgery. The loosening of prosthetic implants in the human bone is one of the current research topics of prosthesis design. Objectives and motivation: The present study aims at improving the understanding of the architecture of sintered fibre networks and their behaviour under mechanical, or magnetic actuation. The strain field imposed on a bone matrix in the void network phase is the final focus of the study. Materials and methods: To achieve the described objectives, 3D scans of sintered, cube-shaped fibre network samples made from AISI 316L or 444 stainless steel were acquired by means of computed tomography. Based on the finite element method and beam theory, the extracted network geometries were run as simulation models locally or on the Cambridge High Performance Computing Cluster Darwin. Results and conclusions: The obtained results show that the properties of material architecture or material mechanics are not constants. Instead, they rather have to be treated as functions of parameters such as the manufactured fibre volume fraction, of the available sample size, or of the applied boundary conditions. The results from the linear, elastic simulation under mechanical actuation were validated by experimental data. The obtained results identified the material as being transversely isotropic, the influence of the fibre segment tortuosity on the material’s Young’s modulus, or fibre deflection (instead of fibre elongation) as the dominating deformation mechanism within the fibre network samples. The size of the representative volume element could be determined, which showed a particular dependency on the applied boundary conditions. Under magnetic actuation, regions of tension, shear, and compression were obtained for the investigated samples, with strain peaks located in the free corners of the sample cubes. The obtained deformation of an inserted bone matrix confirmed that values, sufficiently large for the intended bone growth stimulation, are achievable under realistic conditions, with matrix strain peaks in the immediate proximity to the fibre structure.
Frações de fósforo após extrações sucessivas com resina e incubação, em Latossolos e Luvissolos do semi-árido de Pernambuco

The replenishment of labile phosphorus (P) from less labile soil P fractions was evaluated after 10 successive resin extractions and incubation during four months. Soil samples from the A, B and Bw horizons of Latosols (Oxisols) and A and Bt horizons of Luvisols were collected from the upper, middle, and lower position in the ladscape of three toposequences of each soil class. The evaluation was based on sequential fractionation of soil P with resin, NaHCO3 (organic and inorganic fractions), NaOH (organic and inorganic fractions), H2SO4, and by a H2SO4/H2O2 digestion, performed before the successive extractions and after incubation. There were no significant differences in P contents in a comparison of the slope positions. The 10 successive resin extractions removed 2 to 5 times more P than the first extraction in the Latosols and 2 to 9 times more in the Luvisols. The last extractions stabilized around 1 mg kg-1 in all horizons of both soil classes. After incubating soil samples, resin P recovered 20-30 % of its initial P value in the A horizons (1.8 and 3.3 mg kg-1) and 50-90 % in the subsuperficial layers (1.1 and 1.2 mg kg-1) of the Latosols and Luvisols, respectively. Changes occurred in all other fractions, being greater in the Luvisols and A horizons, although most of the P remained in the less labile P forms. The most depleted fractions were NaOH-P in the Latosols and H2SO4-P, followed by NaOH-P in the Luvisols, suggesting that they were the most important in replenishing labile P in these semi-arid soils.
On-farm Evaluation of Three Mustard Varieties Under Different Fertilizer Packages

A field experiment was conducted on Non-Calcareous Dark Grey Floodplain Soil to find out the performance of three mustard varieties viz., i) BARI Sarisha-9, ii) BARI Sarisha-12 and iii) Tori-7 (Local) and three fertilizer doses as : F 1 = 120-34-64-32-1.5 kg/ha NPKSB (HYG), F 2 = 86-26-44-26-1.0 kg/ha NPKSB (MYG) and F 3 = 54-60- 15 kg/ha NPK. The variety BARI sarisha-9 produced the highest seed yield (892 kg/ha). The fertilizer level of HYG gave higher seed yield (956 kg/ha). BARI Sharisha-9 gave higher gross return (Tk. 21882/ha) and gross margin (Tk.14936/ha) under HYG fertilizer level but higher BCR (3.54) was recorded under MYG fertilizer level due to less fertilization cost. Key words: Mustard, Variety, Fertilizer, Yield, Economics. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 42(3), 335-340, 2007
Cu(II) Oxide Amorphous Nanoclusters Grafted Ti3+ Self-Doped TiO2: An Efficient Visible Light Photocatalyst

Ti3+ self-doped TiO2 was prepared by a facile one-step thermal oxidation of Ti2O3 and TiO2 mixture in air. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra confirmed the presence of Ti3+ in this sample. Ti3+ states caused a visible light absorption, which is originated from the isolated band in its forbidden gap. Although the photocatalytic activity of this Ti3+ self-doped TiO2 was negligible even under the UV light, its UV and visible light activities were drastically increased by the grafting of Cu(II) oxide amorphous clusters with a size of around 2 nm as a co-catalyst. Consequently, the photocatalytic decomposition of gaseous 2-propanol (IPA) into CO2 with a maximum generation rate of 0.20 μmol/h and a quantum efficiency of 10.8% is achieved, under the visible light irradiation. Its efficient visible light activity is highly stable in air and can be repeatedly used for a long term.
Lignans from Wikstroemia hainanensis

The structures and conformations of three new lignans, wikstrone (1), wikstroemol (2), and wikstroemone (3) – isolated from the aerial parts of Wikstroemia hainanensis – were determined, together with those of twelve known compounds, including erythro-guaiacylglycerol-β-O-4′-sinapyl ether (4). The configuration of 4, falsely assigned in the literature (threo configuration), was redetermined, and the compound was identified as erythro-guaiacylglycerol-β-O-4′-sinapyl ether.
Synthesis of Spherical Graphite Particles and Their Application as Cathode Material in Dual-Ion Cells

In this work, carbon spheres having an average particle diameter of 0.6 µm were prepared by a simple hydrothermal synthesis method using glucose as precursor. These carbon spheres were carbonized and graphitized at different temperatures, namely 1200 °C, 2100 °C, 2400 °C and 2800 °C, in order to study the impact of the carbon structural properties, i.e. particle morphology and degree of graphitization, on the TFSI- anion intercalation behavior into these graphitized carbons used as cathode material in dual-ion cells. The structural properties of the carbon spheres, such as particle size, surface morphology, specific surface area and crystallinity after heat-treatment are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and nitrogen adsorption measurements. Consequently, the structural characteristics are correlated to the electrochemical results for application as cathode material in dual-ion cells. In this context, a high degree of graphitization is mandatory to achieve a high reversible capacity.
Role of vitamin D in controlling postmenopausal osteoporosis

Vitamin D plays an important role in bone growth and maintenance by enhancing intestinal absorption of calcium and influencing bone metabolism in women and improves biochemical markers for Osteoporosis. Vitamin D deficiency in adults can exacerbate osteopenia and osteoporosis, cause osteomalacia and muscle weakness, and increase the risk of fracture. Osteoporosis is a disorder having characteristic features of low bone mass and structural degeneration, promoting the development of brittleness of the bones and increasing the risk of fractures of the bones of pelvis, vertebral column and wrist. Osteoporosis is estimated to affect 200 million women worldwide approximately one-tenth of women aged 60, one-fifth of women aged 70, two-fifths of women aged 80 and two-third of women aged 90. Since bone loss occurs without symptoms, osteoporosis is often considered a ‘silent disease’. Menopausal is commonly defined by the state of the uterus and the absence of menstrual flow or “periods,” but it can instead be more accurately defined as the permanent cessation of the primary functions of the ovaries. A drop in estrogens production after menopause results in increased bone reasorption, leads tothe risk of osteoporosis during menopause and decreased calcium absorptionPostmenopausal women have a higher risk of falling or fracture when they do not maintain serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels higher than 30 ng/mL.
Cathodic shift in onset potential of solar oxygen evolution on hematite by 13-group oxide overlayers

The onset potential of photoelectrochemical water oxidation on ultrathin hematite was improved by up to 200 mV by the chemical bath deposition of 13-group oxides as overlayers. It is proposed that the corundum-type overlayers released lattice strain of the ultrathin hematite layer and decreased the density of surface states. Particularly, a Ga2O3 overlayer exhibited an enhanced photocurrent attributed to stoichiometric water splitting near the onset potential. The photocurrent was sustained over a day, attesting to its outstanding performance and durability for water splitting.
Biological Fluids as a Source of Information on the Exposure of Man to Environmental Chemical Agents

The human body is exposed to a variety of environmental pollutants. Many chemical compounds, including volatile organochlorine compounds and metals, have a harmful effect on the tissues and organs of the human body, in many cases causing irreversible damage and illnesses. In order to assess the degree of occupational hazard, it has become more and more common to determine the concentrations of chemical substances or their metabolites in biological fluids (i.e., in urine, blood, or less often, in human milk, bile, saliva, and sperm). However, in order to determine concentrations levels of trace components in biological fluids such as urine, blood, milk, bile, saliva, or sperm, the samples collected have to be prepared for the final analysis because their matrix is so complex as to preclude direct determination of the analytes by any analytical method available. This article contains the literature data on: analyte isolation and/or enrichment techniques from samples of biological fluids prior to the final determination step; and final determination techniques for a variety of compounds, both organic and inorganic, being determined in the above samples. The data include both the primary pollutants that found their way into the human body as a result of environmental and occupational exposure and the products of their conversion (metabolism) in the organism.
The identification of a hitherto unknown intermediate phase CaB2Hx from decomposition of Ca(BH4)2

Ca(BH4)2 is a promising material for hydrogen storage due to its high gravimetric capacity and expected suitable thermodynamic properties. Experimental reports indicate a more complex reaction pathway than the previously proposed route, including formation of unknown intermediate phases. In this work, the reaction scheme of a mixture of γ- and β-Ca(BH4)2 was investigated using temperature programmed desorption and high-resolution synchrotron radiation powder X-ray diffraction. An unknown intermediate Ca–B–H-containing phase has been identified as a CaB2Hx compound where x most probably equals 2. A structure model is proposed.
Effect of nonexcitonic interactions among the paired molecules on the Qy transition of bacteriochlorophyll dimers. Applications to the primary electron donors P-860 and P-960 in bacterial reaction centers

X-ray diffraction of reaction centers (RCs) from two strains of purple bacteria, Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Rhodopseudomonas viridis, revealed that their primary electron donors, P-860 and P-960, are tight dimers of bacteriochlorophyll (Bchl) a and b, respectively. The geometry of the paired molecules is such that their transition monopoles strongly interact, resulting in a bathochromic shift of the Q{sub y} bands. Recent calculations based upon interactions among point-charge monopoles (PCM) showed that exciton coupling among the localized Q{sub y} transitions of the paired molecules can account for part of the shift. The origin of the remaining nonexcitonic shift is controversial. In this communication the authors show that there is a ratio of 1.2-1.5 between the nonexcitonic shift and the exciton splitting of the Q{sub y} transition in several Bchl dimers in vitro.
Lock and key colloids through polymerization-induced buckling of monodisperse silicon oil droplets

We have developed a new simple method to fabricate bulk amounts of colloidal spheres with well defined cavities from monodisperse emulsions. Herein, we describe the formation mechanism of “reactive” silicon oil droplets that deform to reproducible shapes via a polymerization-induced buckling instability. Owing to their unique shape, the resulting particles can be successfully used as colloidal building blocks in the assembly of composite clustersvia “lock-and-key” interactions.
Usingbiochemical markersto assessthe validityof prospective dietaryassessment methodsandthe effect of energyadjustment1'2

The validity of dietary assessment methods in a group of women aged 50â€"65y was evaluated with use of bio chemical markers. Estimates of nitrogen, potassium, and carotene intakes from weighed-food and estimated records yielded higher correlations with urinary nitrogen, urinary potassium, and serum concentrations of carotenoids than did estimates from food frequency questionnaires and 24-h recalls. When the residuals method of energy adjustment was used, the correlations between intakes of nitrogen and potassium estimated from food-frequency questionnaires and 24-h recalls and intakes derived from weighed food records improved, and the high correlations between bio chemical markers and estimates from weighed-food records were maintained. In addition, with use of this method, estimates for nitrogen and potassium intakes from food-frequency question names showed the most improvement in comparison with the biochemical markers; however, the correlations of crude nitrogen and potassium with crude energy intake were highest. Carotene intake was not related to energy intake, so that correlations be tween the intake of carotene assessed by any method and the plasma (3-carotene concentration did not improve with energy adjustment and between-person variability was not reduced. En ergy adjustment with either the energy density or residuals method did not alter the ranking of accuracy of various dietary assessment methods in comparison with weighed-food records or biochemical markers in either the total group of subjects or those who were identified as having provided valid weighed-food records. Am J Clin Nutr l997;65(suppl):l 1305â€"75.
Photooxidation of trace gases in the troposphere Plenary Lecture

In the earth's atmosphere, which contains 21% oxygen, natural and man-made trace gases are broken down by oxidation. This oxidation is a complex process and generally mediated by chains of free radical reactions. By far the most important oxidizing agent in the troposphere is the hydroxyl radical, OH. It is generated primarily through the photolysis of ozone, and reacts with most atmospheric trace gases, in many cases as the first and rate determining step in the reaction chains leading to their oxidation. Usually, these chains regenerate OH, thus maintaining OH at daytime concentrations of up to 107 cm-3. At these concentrations OH determines the destruction rate and tropospheric lifetime of most trace gases. In turn, all these gases influence the concentration of OH in the troposphere. There is thus the possibility of a regional, even global, impact on OH by man-made pollutants. The basic photochemical reaction system controlling OH is developed from simple examples of the various types of reactions that produce or destroy OH. The salient properties of the system are analyzed. The system is tested by comparing the OH concentrations predicted from the numerical simulation of the OH chemistry in clean surface air with those measured in these conditions.
Can a global model reproduce observed trends in summertime surface ozone levels

Quantifying trends in surface ozone concentra- tions is critical for assessing pollution control strategies. Here we use observations and results from a global chem- ical transport model to examine the trends (1991-2005) in daily maximum 8-h average concentrations in summertime surface ozone at rural sites in Europe and the United States (US). We find a decrease in observed ozone concentrations at the high end of the probability distribution at many of the sites in both regions. The model attributes these trends to a decrease in local anthropogenic ozone precursors, although simulated decreasing trends are overestimated in compari- son with observed ones. The low end of observed distribu- tion show small upward trends over Europe and the western US and downward trends in Eastern US. The model cannot reproduce these observed trends, especially over Europe and the western US. In particular, simulated changes between the low and high end of the distributions in these two regions are not significant. Sensitivity simulations indicate that emis- sions from far away source regions do not affect significantly summer ozone trends at both ends of the distribution in both Europe and US. Possible reasons for discrepancies between observed and simulated trends are discussed.
An Intervention Study of the Effect of Improved Cleaning Methods on the Concentration and Composition of Dust

Abstract Insufficient cleaning may be a cause of the Sick Building Syndrome. Various improvements in cleaning methods have been tested in order to clarify whether they reduced the concentration of airborne dust, and the concentration of dust on surfaces, or whether the concentration of different microbiological components in the dust was reduced. The interventions were performed in an administration building, a school and a kindergarten. Dust measurements were performed on one day every week for a period of 28 weeks, using different interventions. The airborne dust concentration was measured by sampling on filters during the day. The concentration of surface dust was measured by the BM-Dustdetector foil sampling method. Dust samples were collected from the floors, after which analyses for different microbiological components were performed. Sampling from surfaces and the floor were performed prior to cleaning in order to ascertain the levels to which the room occupants had been exposed. One of the findings was a reduction in the dust concentration on the so-called easily accessible surfaces. Correlations between surface dust and airborne dust were also found. Furthermore, correlations between the measurements and other factors, such as activity during the day, and the climate, were obtained. Important findings of the study were the observations made on the relations between cleaning and dust in the indoor environment and the measuring methods applied.
Effect of Creep of Ferritic Interconnect on Long‐Term Performance of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stacks

High‐temperature ferritic alloys are potential candidates as interconnect (IC) materials and spacers due to their low cost and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) compatibility with other components for most of the solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). However, creep deformation becomes relevant for a material when the operating temperature exceeds or even is less than half of its melting temperature (in degrees of Kelvin). The operating temperatures for most of the SOFCs under development are around 1,073 K. With around 1,800 K of the melting temperature for most stainless steel (SS), possible creep deformation of ferritic IC under the typical cell operating temperature should not be neglected. In this paper, the effects of IC creep behaviour on stack geometry change and the stress redistribution of different cell components are predicted and summarised. The goal of the study is to investigate the performance of the fuel cell stack by obtaining the changes in fuel‐ and air‐channel geometry due to creep of the ferritic SS IC, therefore indicating possible changes in SOFC performance under long‐term operations. The ferritic IC creep model was incorporated into software SOFC‐MP and Mentat‐FC, and finite element analyses (FEAs) were performed to quantify the deformed configuration of the SOFC stack under the long‐term steady‐state operating temperature. It was found that the creep behaviour of the ferritic SS IC contributes to narrowing of both the fuel‐ and the air‐flow channels. In addition, stress re‐distribution of the cell components suggests the need for a compliant sealing material that also relaxes at operating temperature.
Controlled Synthesis of In 2 O 3 Octahedrons and Nanowires

Indium oxide (In2O3) octahedrons and nanowires were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) through selecting appropriate source materials and controlling proper external conditions. The growth mechanisms of In2O3 octahedrons and nanowires were analyzed in detail, based on which growth model of single-crystalline In2O3 nanostructures with different morphologies was proposed. The vapor pressures of different source materials, the temperature difference between the central heating zones and the product deposition zones, the reaction time, and the surface energies are all responsible for the final crystalline morphologies of the In2O3 nanostructures. The acquired results may facilitate not only the exploration of new approaches of preparing various nanostructures for potential technical application but also a deeper understanding of the fundamental physical and chemical processes of CVD methods.
AntiInflammatory and Analgesic Activity of Stem Ba rk of Moringa Oleifera .

The present study evaluates the Antii however , pet ether and methanolic extracts (400 mg/kg, p.o.) were found to be more effective in increasing latency period in tail flick method. The results obtained indicate that Moringa oleifera has analgesic and antiinflammatory activities that supports the folk medicinal use of the plant.