Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Root filling materials and techniques: bioceramics a new hope?

Instrumentation creates space for canal irrigation, disinfection and root filling. All of these have an impact on the method and size of instrumentation, depending on the philosophy of the dentist and the limitations and requirements set by the equipment used in each phase, especially in root filling. Optimal root filling has many requirements which have been difficult if not impossible to fulfill. Gutta-percha has been and still is the core material of choice in root fillings, but it requires the use of a sealer in order to obtain better short term and long term seal. However, numerous studies on leakage after root filling have suggested that complete, permanent sealing of the canal against leakage from the oral cavity is usually not obtained. This review takes a critical look at presently available methods for canal instrumentation and filling, and challenges these as far less than optimal with regard to ease of operation, time and technical skills required, weakening of the root/tooth structure and quality of the seal. The authors discuss the above factors from the point of view of bioceramic materials in root filling. Is there a hope of a better future in root filling?
Early coenzyme Q10 supplementation in primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency.

To the Editor: Primary coenzyme Q10 deficiency is considered to be the only treatable mitochondrial disorder, since patients have a response to oral coenzyme Q10 supplementation. The disease usually manifests with nephropathy and encephalomyopathy.1 It has been shown that oral coenzyme Q10 may stop the progression of encephalopathy, but no benefit from this therapy has been noted with respect to the evolution of renal disease associated with this deficiency.1,2 We now describe the results of long-term coenzyme Q10 supplementation in two patients with coenzyme Q10 deficiency caused by a homozygous missense mutation in the COQ2 gene.3,4 The clinical .
Evaluación in vitro de la resistencia a la fractura en dientes con desarrollo radicular incompleto reforzados intraconducto con diferentes materiales

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la resistencia a la fractura de dientes con desarrollo radicular incompleto y refuerzo intrarradicular con materiales adhesivos. 50 dientes incisivos centrales y laterales maxilares humanos fueron instrumentados y preparados intraconducto para simular un diente inmaduro y obturado apicalmente con MTA. Las muestras fueron divididas en cuatro grupos experimentales y un grupo control. Grupo 1: Resina compuesta Filtek™ P90; Grupo 2: Ionomero de vidrio Vitremer™; Grupo 3: Resina compuesta Filtek™ Z350 XT; Grupo 4: Ionomero de vidrio Ketac™ N 100; Grupo 5: Control negativo (Instrumentado pero no se reforzo intraconducto). Luego se realizo la prueba de fractura utilizando una maquina de ensayo universal (Instron™). Los valores maximos de resistencia antes de la frac tura catastrofica fueron recolectados y analizados mediante la prueba Anova (p = 0,05). Como resultado se encontro diferencia significativa entre los grupos comparados (p = 0,02). Fue encontrada diferencia significativa entre los grupos 1 (847,73N) y el grupo 5 (474,77N) (p = 0,02) aplicando el test de Bonferroni. Pese a las limitaciones del estudio se puede concluir que las resinas compuestas microhibridas se muestran como un material optimo para re forzar intrarradicularmente dientes con desarrollo radicular incompleto tratados endodonticamente.
Les risques sanitaires liés à la présence d’Ostreopsis ovata dans les eaux de baignade ou d’activités nautiques

Afin de renforcer et d’adapter un premier dispositif de surveillance mis en place sur le pourtour mediterraneen francais au cours de l’ete 2007, il etait necessaire de faire le point sur les connaissances disponibles sur les effets d’Ostreopsis ovata, en s’appuyant sur la demarche d’evaluation des risques sanitaires. O. ovata est une algue monocellulaire signalee de plus en plus frequemment en Mediterranee, synthetisant une toxine appelee palytoxine. Cette algue est a l’origine de la survenue de plusieurs cas groupes d’irritations, accompagnees de toux, de fievres et de problemes respiratoires, decrits en Europe depuis 2002. Il n’est pas possible actuellement de discerner si ces effets sanitaires survenant apres inhalation d’aerosol sont attribuables a la palytoxine. Par ailleurs, l’ingestion de chair de poissons ou de crustaces peut donner lieu a de graves intoxications. Aucun cas d’intoxication alimentaire n’a encore ete decrit en Europe. Il n’est pas possible de degager une relation dose-reponse a partir des donnees disponibles. C’est pourquoi le seuil de concentration de cette microalgue dans l’eau fixe a ce jour, pour engager une intervention en matiere de sante publique, resulte d’une demarche empirique. Il n’est pas non plus possible, pour le moment, de relier l’exposition des populations ni a une quantite de microalgues, ni a une concentration de palytoxine. En revanche, les conditions d’apparition des efflorescences et les situations favorisant l’exposition des populations sont maintenant bien decrites. Au final, les donnees sont encore insuffisantes pour aboutir a une caracterisation quantifiee des risques. Des recherches sont encore necessaires pour, d’une part, determiner les facteurs d’apparition des proliferations afin d’identifier les zones et les periodes a risque et, d’autre part, developper les outils de prevision des efflorescences capables de degager une strategie d’echantillonnage utile a une surveillance plus adaptee, ciblee sur les zones d’exposition humaine.
Validation of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) risk score in patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation at a single center in Japan

We validated the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) risk score in 273 consecutive adult patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation between 2000 and 2010 at our center. The patients were divided into four groups according to the EBMT risk score: low risk (LR, score 0–2), intermediate risk‐1 (IR‐1, score 3), intermediate risk‐2 (IR‐2, score 4), and high risk (HR, score 5–7). The five‐yr overall survival of the LR (n = 65), IR‐1 (n = 67), IR‐2 (n = 70), and HR (n = 71) groups was 72%, 57%, 41%, and 25%, respectively (p < 0.001). The five‐yr transplant‐related mortality rates were 16%, 30%, 25%, and 36%, respectively (p = 0.07). The five‐yr cumulative incidence of relapse was 20%, 18%, 37%, and 41%, respectively (p < 0.001). In the subgroup analysis, the prognostic value of the EBMT risk score was confirmed in patients undergoing myeloablative conditioning (MAC), but not in those undergoing reduced‐intensity conditioning (RIC). The results suggest that the EBMT risk score is a useful tool to predict transplant outcome for patients undergoing MAC, but not for those undergoing RIC and may be beneficial for stratifying patients in clinical studies.
DNA methylation in lung cancer.

To the Editor: Brock et al. (March 13 issue)1 report that gene methylation, especially methylation of the p16 and CDH13 genes, was associated with early recurrence of stage I non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We previously evaluated the relationship between methylation of five genes and prognosis in 351 Japanese patients who underwent resection for NSCLC and found that only p16 methylation was significantly related to a poor prognosis.2 We analyzed our results again and found that methylation of both p16 and CDH13 was also associated with a poor prognosis in 199 patients with lung adenocarcinomas, even when these tumors were limited to stage I disease. We also reported that methylation of p16 and CDH13 was significantly less frequent in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant tumors than in EGFR wildtype tumors, suggesting less involvement of methylation of these genes in EGFR-related tumorigenesis.3 Our findings provide support for those of Brock et al. with regard to the prognostic significance of gene methylation in NSCLC.
Emergency department overuse: perceptions and solutions.

A common assertion is that heavy and inappropriate use of hospital emergency departments (EDs) in the United States contributes to waste and inefficiency. One estimate suggests that overuse of the ED costs $38 billion annually.1 This issue is certainly compelling, but the underlying notion is not necessarily new. Discussions of ED overuse and misuse have been ongoing for more than 4 decades.2- 3 Although ED use, overuse, and misuse have been long-standing policy priorities, even specifically highlighted by Presidents Johnson, Clinton, Bush, and Obama, the number of ED visits in the United States has continued to increase almost unabated from approximately 44 million patients per year in 1968 to approximately 134 million annual visits more recently
Liver transplantation arrests and reverses muscle wasting

Muscle wasting, sarcopenia, is common in advanced cirrhosis and predicts adverse outcomes while awaiting and following liver transplantation. Frequent post‐transplant worsening of sarcopenia has attracted recent interest. It is unknown whether this serious problem is an expected metabolic consequence of transplantation or results from confounding conditions such as recurrent allograft liver disease or avoidable post‐transplant complications. To clarify this question, we studied pre‐ and post‐transplant muscle mass in a retrospective cohort of 40 patients transplanted for three diseases – alcoholic cirrhosis, non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis cirrhosis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis cirrhosis – in whom allograft disease recurrence was monitored and excluded, and who lacked common post‐transplant muscle wasting complications such as sepsis, renal failure, ischemia, and cholestasis. We measured skeletal muscle index (SMI) using computed tomography before and 12–48 months after transplant. SMI as a categorical variable significantly improved, from 18 patients above the normal cutoff pre‐transplant to 28 post‐transplant (p = 0.008). SMI increases were greatest in patients with the lowest pre‐transplant SMI (p < 0.01). As a continuous variable, mean SMI remained stable, with a non‐significant trend toward improvement. We conclude that after liver transplantation sarcopenia does not progress but is arrested and frequently improves in the absence of confounding conditions.
Study on Risk factors, presentation and management of stroke in a tertiary care hospital

Background and Objectives: Many studies in recent years have focused attention on identification of risk factors associated with stroke. However, most of these studies have been conducted in the developed countries. Only few studies have been conducted in Nepal. So the present study has been undertaken with the aim of determining the risk factors and management pattern of stroke and makes the people aware of those factors. Material and Methods: It is a descriptive prospective study conducted with 50 consecutive patients who presented in medicine and emergency department at Universal College of Medical Science, Bhairahawa, Nepal from December 2009 to July 2010. Data were collected using a standard questionnaire and encounter form after receiving a verbal consent from the patient. The collected data were coded, tabulated and analyzed using SPSS version- 16. Results : The present study showed that 56% of stroke patients were male. Hemorrhagic stroke (60%) was more than the ischemic stroke (40%). The age was common non modifiable risk factor. The common–modifiable risk factors were hypertension (86%), alcohol consumption (74%) and smoking (56%). Calcium channel blocker (44.18%) and combination of it with Diuretic (18.60%) and ACE inhibitors (20.93%) were the commonly prescribed drugs for lowering blood pressure. Prescribed drugs therapy and lifestyle modification improved the health condition of patients (80%). The non compliance to the drugs was due to multiple dosages (51.52%), side effects (18.18%) and forgetfulness (18.18%). Conclusion : Finding of this study will be helpful for the practitioners as well as researcher in the future. Practitioners can make people aware on the risk factors and preventive measures of the stroke. Researchers will be helped by knowing the commonest risk factors of stroke and its management pattern. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3126/jmcjms.v2i1. 11394 Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2014) Vol. 2 (1): 35-43
Pre‐transplant angiotensin receptor II type 1 antibodies and risk of post‐transplant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis recurrence

Post‐kidney transplant recurrence of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a major problem. AT1R is expressed on podocyte; its expression is elevated in the proteinuric state. Using an ELISA, we tested pre‐transplant sera of 28 patients with history of idiopathic FSGS for anti‐AT1R levels and serum soluble urokinase‐type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) as a biomarker for risk of recurrence of FSGS. Sera from 11 patients with polycystic kidney disease (PKD) were used as controls. Twelve patients had biopsy proven post‐transplant FSGS recurrence at 1.5 months. No difference was found in the pre‐transplant suPAR levels of FSGS patients (5993 ± 2292 pg/mL) vs. PKD (7334 ± 4538 pg/mL) (p = 0.23). Serum suPAR levels in patients with FSGS recurrence (5786 ± 1899 pg/mL) vs. no FSGS recurrence (6149 ± 2598 pg/mL) (p = 0.69) were not different. Anti‐AT1R levels in patients with FSGS were 12.66 ± 11.85 U/mL vs. 8.69 ± 6.52 U/mL in PKD (p = 0.32); however, a difference was found in patients with and without FSGS recurrence 20.41 ± 14.36 U/mL 6.84 ± 4.181 U/mL, respectively (p < 0.01). Area under curve for suPAR and anti‐AT1R to predict post‐transplant FSGS recurrence was 0.51 and 0.84, respectively. Pre‐transplant anti‐AT1R levels appear to be a helpful biomarker in identifying patients at high risk of post‐transplant FSGS recurrence.
ESC Joint Working Groups on Cardiovascular Surgery and the Cellular Biology of the Heart Position Paper: Peri-operative myocardial injury and infarction in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery

Matthias Thielmann*, Vikram Sharma, Nawwar Al-Attar, Heerajnarain Bulluck, Gianluigi Bisleri, Jeroen JH Bunge, Martin Czerny, Péter Ferdinandy, Ulrich H. Frey, Gerd Heusch, Johannes Holfeld, Petra Kleinbongard, Gudrun Kunst, Irene Lang, Salvatore Lentini, Rosalinda Madonna, Patrick Meybohm, Claudio Muneretto, Jean-Francois Obadia, Cinzia Perrino, Fabrice Prunier, Joost P.G. Sluijter, Linda W. Van Laake, Miguel Sousa-Uva, and Derek J. Hausenloy*
Relationship between microvascular obstruction and adverse events following primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: an individual patient data pooled analysis from seven randomized trials

Aims Microvascular obstruction (MVO) is the underlying cause for the no-reflow phenomenon in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The association between MVO assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and prognosis has not been convincingly demonstrated. We sought to determine the relationship between MVO assessed early after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in STEMI and all-cause mortality, hospitalization for heart failure (HF), and reinfarction. Methods and results We performed a pooled analysis using individual patient data from seven randomized primary PCI trials in which MVO was assessed within 7 days after reperfusion by CMR using late gadolinium enhancement imaging (n = 1688). Clinical follow-up was performed for at least 6 months after the index event. Median time to CMR after STEMI was 3 days [interquartile range (IQR) 2-4], and median duration of clinical follow-up was 365 days (IQR 188-374). Microvascular obstruction was present in 960 (56.9%) of patients, and median MVO (percent left ventricular myocardial mass) was 0.47% (IQR 0.00-2.54). A graded response was present between the extent of MVO (per 1.0% absolute increase) and subsequent mortality [Cox adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09-1.19, P < 0.0001] and hospitalization for HF (Cox adjusted HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.05-1.12, P < 0.0001). Microvascular obstruction remained significantly associated with all-cause mortality even after further adjustment for infarct size (Cox adjusted HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01-1.17, P = 0.03). MVO was not significantly related to subsequent reinfarction (P = 0.29). Conclusions The presence and extent of MVO measured by CMR after primary PCI in STEMI are strongly associated with mortality and hospitalization for HF within 1 year.
Geographic variation in health care spending in the United States: insights from an Institute of Medicine report.

Geographic variation in per-beneficiary Medicare spending that cannot be explained by wages and the prices of other inputs to health care or by demographic and health characteristics, as described by Dartmouth researchers, has intrigued researchers and stimulated policy debates for years.1- 4 Without evidence that Medicare beneficiaries in high-spending areas have better health outcomes than those in low-spending areas, policy makers have asked whether low-spending areas were being penalized while high-spending areas were being inappropriately rewarded. Wouldn�t it make sense to adopt policies to reduce expenditures in high-cost areas, perhaps by paying physicians and hospitals in those areas less? Could a similar case be made to address geographic variation in private health insurance expenditures?
Candida and candidosis: a review and bibliography. 2nd edition.

The author is one of the most distinguished workers in the field of candidiasis and the book is an impressive overview of this ever-expanding subject. This is the second edition and, although some of the chapter titles remain the same, it has been entirely rewritten and considerably increased in size. The contents include historical aspects; pathogenicity; morphogenesis; structure, physiology and biochemistry; ecology; as well as chapters concentrating on infections of various body sites and particular manifestations of Other CABI sites 
Diferencias en la modulación autónoma del corazón entre mujeres y hombres

SummaryD IFFERENCES IN CARDIAC AUTONOMIC MODULATIONBETWEEN WOMEN AND MEN Gender differences in cardiac autonomic modu-lation are a controversial topic in several stud-ies. The aim of this study, was to describe andcompare the heart rate variability in 30 womenand 20 men, Mexicans, between 21 to 36 yearsof age. A 20 to 24 hours Holter monitoring wasperformed in all of them. Analysis of time(SDNNN and rMSSD), and frequency domains(HF, LF and LF/HF in absolute values and nor-malized units) were used. SDNN [ IBM 1] was signifi-cantly higher in men. When adjusted for age,there was a negative correlation in parasympa-thetic activity indexes (rMSSD and HF) in wom-en. Physical training increased SDNN in menand HF in women. The increased parasympa-thetic activity found in women with physical train-ing diminishes with age. These results demon-strate differences in cardiovascular autonomicmodulation between women and men. (Arch Cardiol Mex 2006; 76: 277-282) Introduccionl funcionamiento del corazon esta regu-lado, entre otros factores, por la acciondel sistema nervioso autonomo (SNA),
BRAF mutation in metastatic colorectal cancer.

To the Editor: We recently found that progression-free survival was shorter among patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with chemotherapy, bevacizumab, and cetuximab (CBC regimen) than among patients who received chemotherapy and bevacizumab alone (CB regimen) (Feb. 5 issue). 1 Other investigators have found that the efficacy of cetuximab is limited to patients with wild-type–KRAS tumors.2 In a subgroup of 520 patients with available tumor samples, we observed a shorter median progression-free survival among patients with a mutated-KRAS oncogene in the CBC group than among patients with mutated-KRAS tumors who received the CB regimen and among patients with .
Argentine rescuers: a study on the “banality of good”

Throughout the twentieth century, genocides have taken place so frequently that most people have lost the capacity to be shocked whenever they learn of a new case. Many other instances of mass murder have occurred that do not qualify as genocide according to the United Nations’ definition, due to the fact that, for example, the victims were targeted because of their (either real or alleged) political orientation or economic position, as opposed to being persecuted for national, racial, ethnic or religious reasons. If we added all these cases to the list of genocides, it would be much larger. In response to the increase in the number of genocides and similar crimes that occurred in the twentieth century, we have witnessed the development of the field of genocide studies, especially in the last three decades. This growth has been quantitative (in terms of the number of studies) and qualitative (in terms of the diversity of cases analysed). However, unfortunately the same cannot be said about the subfield of “rescue studies,” which has received very limited attention. In particular scholars studying those crimes that occurred most recently tend to focus primarily on the absence of intervention during these tragic events rather than on the exceptional acts of courage that were also present at the time (Balakian, 2003; Cushman and Mestrovic, 1996; Dallaire, 2005; Elkins, 2005; Power, 2003). This is understandable, given that the cruelty and violence that characterize crimes like these clearly overshadow the very scarce acts of compassion that co-exist with them. But if, as most scholars on genocide seem to agree, passive bystanders are a sine-qua-non condition for this type of crimes to occur, wouldn’t it be essential to understand what (if anything) distinguishes rescuers from the rest of the population? The very limited knowledge that we have about rescuers comes almost exclusively from studies of those who rescued Jews during the Holocaust. Rescuers in other genocidal contexts have never been studied, with the exception of biographical accounts of particular individuals. This is why, in order to broaden Journal of Genocide Research (2006), 8(4), December, 437–454
Rehabilitation of a gassy low pressure liquid filled 115 kV cable

The attempt to degassify a self contained liquid filled (SCLF) cable in Ontario Hydro is described. In September 1989, there was a high pressure alarm on one phase of a SCLF 115 kV cable circuit. The direct buried cable circuit is about 1890 m long with two joints and was installed in 1968. Oil samples from the cable had 10 to 12% gas content with high levels of hydrogen, methane, and ethane, and very low levels of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and acetylene. From these results it was concluded that the gas was generated by low energy electrical discharges and the paper insulation was not degraded. Various utilities and cable manufacturers were contacted to find if they had experienced similar problems. The cable duct oil was flushed and degassified and the successive oil samples were analyzed in order to locate the gassing site. The joints were examined and oil samples were taken through holes drilled in the cable sheath. From the test results the problem site was located to within 300 m. Because of operational demand on the circuit, the cable was put back in service in May 1990 and has been monitored since then. The problems encountered in the investigation are described and the areas for further research are outlined in the paper. <<ETX>>