Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Développement des traitements cognitifs, des traitements émotionnels et des jugements émotionnels du compliment et de la critique ironiques chez l’enfant âgé de 8 à 11 ans : approches générale et différentielle

Cette recherche etudie le developpement de la comprehension de l’ironie (traitements cognitifs, traitements emotionnels et jugements emotionnels) chez les enfants âges de 8 a 11 ans. Quatre etudes ont ete menees sur la meme population avec le meme materiel de recueil de donnees. Premierement, nous avons cree et valide une echelle de traitements cognitifs composee de trois capacites graduellement acquises. Cet outil nous a permis de montrer, d’une part, que la comprehension cognitive du compliment ironique s’elabore entre 8 et 11 ans, alors que celle de la critique ironique emerge avant 8 ans. D’autre part, il existe une asymetrie de comprehension cognitive selon la nature de l’ironie (compliment ou critique). Deuxiemement, nous avons etudie les interpretations des fonctions (humour, mechancete, gentillesse) de l’ironie effectuees par les enfants qui la comprennent. Pour cela, nous avons pris en compte a la fois les traitements emotionnels (attribution d’intention au locuteur) et les jugements emotionnels (jugement du locuteur). Quels que soient l’âge et la nature de l’ironie, les interpretations agressives de l’ironie sont frequentes. En situation de compliment ironique, les interpretations humoristiques et gentilles sont de moins en moins frequentes entre 8 et 11 ans. En revanche, en situation de critique ironique, aucune interpretation ne se developpe durant cette periode. Troisiemement, nous avons mis en evidence trois facteurs sous-jacents aux traitements de l’ironie. Les facteurs humoristique et cognitif se developpent differemment selon la nature de l’ironie, contrairement au facteur affectif. Quatriemement, une perspective differentielle a permis de mettre en evidence trois profils d’enfants observateurs de l’ironie qui se distinguent sur les trois traitements etudies. Les facteurs cognitifs et conatifs explores n’expliquent pas les differences entre les profils. Ces profils pourraient etre expliques par les experiences sociales, le temperament ou encore le developpement cognitif et emotionnel.
NASH: A global health problem

Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major public health problem both in the Western world and in the East. This is mainly due to the high prevalence of the disease and its effects on the individual with NAFLD. In the USA, it is estimated that approximately a third of the general population has NAFLD. Increasing age, obesity and the presence of multiple features of metabolic syndrome, especially diabetes, are associated with a higher probability of having non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In the individual with NAFLD, excess hepatic fat is associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular events, abnormal resting electrocardiography and endothelial dysfunction. These findings have been corroborated in studies in teenagers as well as adults. There is also an increase in cardiovascular mortality, especially in those with NASH. In addition, there is an increased risk of death from a variety of non‐hepatocellular cancers. From a liver perspective, NAFLD is associated with a 15–20% risk of progression to cirrhosis. The disease progresses more rapidly in those with diabetes, increasing age and obesity. The PNPLA3 gene mutation at position 148 is associated with not only steatosis, but with the likelihood of having steatohepatitis and increased inflammation and fibrosis. Once cirrhosis develops, the liver disease decompensates at the rate of 3–4% per year. NASH‐related cirrhosis is a risk factor for hepatocellular cancer. All of these factors indicate that NAFLD is a common condition that has significant adverse health consequences for those who are afflicted. It is therefore a major public health hazard throughout the world
Resiliency, Hope, and Life satisfaction in Midlife

Resilience is defined as “the ability to successfully cope with change or misfortune”. Life satisfaction refers to "an individual’s personal judgment of wellbeing and quality of life based on his or her own chosen criteria”. Hope is defined as “a positive motivational state that is based on an interactively derived sense of successful a) agency (goal-directed energy) and b) pathways planning to meet goals. Middle aged adults (3560years) not only are vulnerable due to their developmental tasks, but are exposed to the stressors of daily hassles and, in some cases, life events. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between resilience, life satisfaction, and hope. The study also investigates the relationship between demographic factors such as gender, age, and educational status with resilience, life satisfaction, and hope. Convenient sample method was used and administered the Resilience in Midlife Scale (RIM Scale), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SwLS), and the Adult Hope Scale to 159 participants. A significant positive correlation was noted for scores on the Resilience in Midlife Scale (RIM Scale), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SwLS), and the Adult Hope Scale. Non significant relationship was found for the demographic variables.
Le join-calcul : un calcul pour la programmation repartie et mobile

Cette these propose un modele de la programmation des systemes repartis. Elle presente le join-calcul, en developpe la theorie, et l'utilise comme noyau d'un langage de programmation. Le join-calcul est un calcul de processus asynchrone avec mobilite de nom. Il peut egalement etre interprete comme une extension parallele d'un petit langage fonctionnel. Sa semantique operationnelle est definie en termes de machines chimiques abstraites, de maniere a decrire une implementation repartie. Par construction, chaque etape du calcul peut s'implementer par l'envoi d'au plus message sur un reseau asynchrone, quelle que soit la repartition du calcul a l'execution. En premiere approximation, la localisation des ressources est donc transparente. Nous explorons plusieurs raffinements du modele, en ajoutant des primitives permettant de controler dynamiquement le placement des ressources et de modeliser des pannes partielles. Nous considerons diverses notions d'equivalence entre processus adaptees aux systemes asynchrones. Ces equivalences sont structurees en une hierarchie dont chaque echelon correspond a un compromis entre finesse de l'equivalence et complexite des preuves. Nous utilisons ces equivalences pour etablir la correction de codages internes au join-calcul, et entre le join-calcul et le pi-calcul.
A Virtual IC Factory in an Undergraduate Semiconductor Device Fabrication Laboratory

In this paper we have summarised our experiences from the introduction of process and device simulation within the CAESAR framework into an undergraduate semiconductor device fabrication laboratory. We have found that this innovative step is well received by the students. The simulations benefit them in the learning process and provide practical experience and confidence in using simulation tools.
Salivary biomarkers and proteomics: future diagnostic and clinical utilities

SUMMARY Saliva testing is a non-invasive and inexpensive test that can serve as a source of information useful for diagnosis of disease. As we enter the era of genomic technologies and –omic research, collection of saliva has increased. Recent proteomic platforms have analysed the human salivary proteome and characterised about 3000 differentially expressed proteins and peptides: in saliva, more than 90% of proteins in weight are derived from the secretion of three couples of "major" glands; all the other components are derived from minor glands, gingival crevicular fluid, mucosal exudates and oral microflora. The most common aim of proteomic analysis is to discriminate between physiological and pathological conditions. A proteomic protocol to analyze the whole saliva proteome is not currently available. It is possible distinguish two type of proteomic platforms: top-down proteomics investigates intact naturally-occurring structure of a protein under examination; bottom-up proteomics analyses peptide fragments after pre-digestion (typically with trypsin). Because of this heterogeneity, many different biomarkers may be proposed for the same pathology. The salivary proteome has been characterised in several diseases: oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral leukoplakia, chronic graft-versus-host disease Sjögren's syndrome and other autoimmune disorders such as SAPHO, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and genetic diseases like Down's Syndrome and Wilson disease. The results of research reported herein suggest that in the near future human saliva will be a relevant diagnostic fluid for clinical diagnosis and prognosis.
Potentially inappropriate medication use in elderly patients: a study of prevalence and predictors in two teaching hospitals.

BACKGROUND Geriatrics is an emerging clinical specialty in India. Information about the appropriateness of prescription medication use among the elderly in India is limited. AIMS To determine the prevalence and predictors of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use, and assess the relationship between PIM use and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in the hospitalized elderly. SETTINGS Medicine wards at two teaching hospitals. DESIGN Prospective observational study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients aged > 60 years admitted to medicine wards between January 2008 and June 2009 were included and reviewed for PIM use according to the Beers Criteria 2003 (BC). Severity of PIM use was classified as per BC as 'high' or 'low'. ADRs observed in the study patients were also recorded. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Association between ADRs and PIM use was assessed using Chi Square test. Bivariate analysis and subsequently multivariate logistic regression was used to identify predictors of PIM use. RESULTS PIM use was observed in 191 of 814 enrolled patients. At least one PIM at admission and during hospital stay was received by 2.4% (20) and 22.1% (180) patients respectively. High-severity PIM use showed a higher prevalence compared to low severity [26.8% (218) vs. 5.5% (45)]. Amongst the patients who received polypharmacy (> or = 5 concurrent medications), 1.4% (5/362) and 22.1% (163/736) patients received PIMs at admission and during hospital stay respectively. Use of aspirin/clopidogrel/diclofenac in the presence of blood clotting disorder or anticoagulant therapy (8.3%) was the most commonly encountered PIM use. Medications not listed in BC were associated with increased occurrence of ADRs compared to medications listed in BC (349 vs. 11) (chi2 =98.4, P<0.001). Increased number of concurrent medications' use (> or = 9) during the stay in medicine wards was identified as an influential predictor of PIM use [Odds ratio: 1.9, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.34-2.69, P<0.001) in the hospitalized elderly. CONCLUSION PIM use was common (23.5%) among the elderly patients during their stay in medicine wards in two tertiary care hospitals. Measures targeted only at BC medications may do little to change the risk of ADRs in elderly.
C/EBPα Short-Activating RNA Suppresses Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma through Inhibiting EGFR/β-Catenin Signaling Mediated EMT

Hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with high mortality, and tumor metastasis is an important reason for poor prognosis. However, metastasis has not been effectively prevented in clinical therapy and the mechanisms underlying metastasis have not been fully characterized. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBPα) is a transcriptional regulator with an essential role in tumor metastasis. We used short-activating RNAs (saRNA) to enhance expression of C/EBPα. Intravenous injection of C/EBPα-saRNA in a nude mouse liver orthotopic xenograft tumor model inhibited intrahepatic and distant metastasis. C/EBPα-saRNA-treated mice showed increased serum levels of albumin and decreased alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (AST), indicating a role of C/EBPα in improving liver function. Migration and invasion were inhibited in hepatoma cell lines transfected with C/EBPα-saRNA. We also observed an inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and suppression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), EGFR phosphorylation, and β-catenin in C/EBPa-saRNA-transfected cells. Our results suggested that C/EBPα-saRNA successfully inhibited HCC metastasis by inhibiting EGFR/β-catenin signaling pathway mediated EMT in vitro and in vivo.
Hoarse voice in adults: an evidence‐based approach to the 12 minute consultation

Background: The hoarse voice is a common presentation in the adult ENT clinic. It is estimated that otolaryngology/voice clinics receive over 50 000 patients with dysphonia each year. Good vocal function is estimated to be required for around 1/3 of the labour force to fulfil their job requirements. The assessment and management of the patient with a hoarse voice is potentially a complex and protracted process as the aetiology is often multi‐factorial. This article provides a guide for the clinician in the general ENT clinic to make a concise, thorough assessment of the hoarse patient and engage in an evidence based approach to investigation and management.
Active Human Cytomegalovirus Protease Is a Dimer (*)

The quaternary state of the human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) protease has been analyzed in relation to its catalysis of peptide hydrolysis. Based on results obtained from steady state kinetics, size exclusion chromatography, and velocity sedimentation, the hCMV protease exists in a monomer-dimer equilibrium. Dimerization of the protease is enhanced by the presence of glycerol and high concentrations of enzyme. Isolation of monomeric and dimeric species eluted from a size exclusion column, followed by immediate assay, identifies the dimer as the active species. Activity measurements conducted with a range of enzyme concentrations are also consistent with a kinetic model in which only the dimeric hCMV protease is active. Using this model, the dissociation constant of the protease is 6.6 μM in 10% glycerol and 0.55 μM in 20% glycerol at 30°C and pH 7.5.
Post‐extraction implant placement into infected versus non‐infected sites: A multicenter retrospective clinical study

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess whether immediate implant placement into post-extraction sites presenting a chronic infection poses a greater risk of implant failure than immediate placement in non-infected sites. MATERIALS AND METHODS Records of patients who underwent extraction and immediate implant placement into both infected and non-infected sites from January 1998 to September 2014 at 5 different dental centers were considered for inclusion. Included records were subjected to statistical analysis of survival rates, along with a number of other patient-, implant-, surgery-, and prosthesis-related variables. RESULTS The inclusion criteria were met by 369 patients who received a total of 527 implants. The follow-up averaged 53.2 months (range 0.9-158.3) for implants placed into non-infected sockets (N = 334) and 50.1 months (range 1.6-146.1) for those placed into infected sites (N = 193). Seven implants failed in non-infected sites and 3 in infected ones. All failures occurred within 1 year of placement. Cumulative implant survival rate for non-infected and infected sites was, respectively, 97.9% ± 0.8% and 98.4% ± 0.9%, being not significantly different (P = .66). None of the investigated variables affected the outcome. CONCLUSIONS Placement of implants into periodontally or endodontically infected sites immediately after tooth extraction is a safe option, even when the implants are loaded immediately or early.
Modeling and Design of Series Voltage Compensator for Reduction of DC-Link Capacitance in Grid-Tie Solar Inverter

A grid-tie solar inverter with a series voltage compensator for reducing the high-voltage dc-link capacitance is presented. The compensator obtains energy from the dc link to sustain the voltage on its dc side and generates an ac voltage to counteract the voltage ripple on the dc link. As the compensator processes small ripple voltage on the dc link and reactive power, it can be implemented with low-voltage devices, and thus, its volt-amp rating is small. As the required energy storage of the dc link, formed by a reduced value of the dc-link capacitor and the compensator, is reduced, the architecture allows replacing popularly used electrolytic capacitors with alternatives of longer lifetime, such as power film capacitors, or extending the system lifetime even if there is a significant reduction in the capacitance of electrolytic capacitors due to aging. Detailed mathematical analysis on the static and dynamic behaviors of the overall system, and the control method will be presented. A simplified design procedure for the compensator will be given. A 2-kW, 220-V, 50-Hz prototype has been built and evaluated. The theoretical predictions are compared favorably with experimental results. Finally, the implementation cost with electrolytic-capacitor and compensator for the dc link will be compared.
Cerebrospinal fluid level of YKL-40 protein in preclinical and prodromal Alzheimer's disease.

BACKGROUND An increase in YKL-40 levels seems to correlate with disease severity and poor prognosis in many diseases, including several neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Specifically, YKL-40 protein is increased in mild AD with respect to controls, both in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma. OBJECTIVE We hypothesize that subjects in the preclinical (Pre-AD) and prodromal (Prod-AD) stage of AD could already present an increase in CSF YKL-40 levels with respect to healthy controls and idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) subjects, included as a control group of a distinct neurological disease. METHODS We measured CSF YKL-40 levels using a commercial ELISA kit in a cohort of 95 subjects, consisting of controls (n = 43), Pre-AD (n = 18), Prod-AD (n = 22), and iRBD (n = 12) subjects. We explored for possible correlations of YKL-40 levels with demographic characteristics, a wide battery of neuropsychological tests, and the AD CSF biomarkers: amyloid-β42 (Aβ42), total-tau protein (t-tau), and phosphorylated-tau protein (p-tau). RESULTS We detected statistically significant differences between Prod-AD patients and controls. YKL-40 levels showed a significant correlation with t-tau and p-tau levels in the predementia AD continuum and the Pre-AD group. We also observed significant correlations with the MMSE, FCSRT, and M@T tests within the AD continuum, but not in iRBD subjects. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that CSF YKL-40 levels, although not useful as a diagnostic marker for Prod-AD, may be a valuable marker to detect early physiopathological changes potentially linked with the neurodegenerative process.
Effect of neurotrophin‐3 precursor on glutamate‐induced calcium homeostasis deregulation in rat cerebellum granule cells

Neurotrophin‐3 (NT‐3) belongs to the family of highly conserved dimeric growth factors that controls the differentiation and activity of various neuronal populations. Mammals contain both the mature (NT‐3) and the precursor (pro‐NT‐3) forms of neurotrophin. Members of the neurotrophin family are involved in the regulation of calcium homeostasis in neurons; however, the role of NT‐3 and pro‐NT‐3 in this process remains unclear. The current study explores the effects of NT‐3 and pro‐NT‐3 on disturbed calcium homeostasis and decline of mitochondrial potential induced by a neurotoxic concentration of glutamate (Glu; 100 µM) in the primary culture of rat cerebellar granule cells. In this Glu excitotoxicity model, mature NT‐3 had no effect on the induced changes in Ca2+ homeostasis. In contrast, pro‐NT‐3 decreased the period of delayed calcium deregulation (DCD) and concurrent strong mitochondrial depolarization. According to the amplitude of the increase in the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and Fura‐2 fluorescence quenching by Mn2+ within the first 20 sec of exposure to Glu, pro‐NT‐3 had no effect on the initial rate of Ca2+ entry into neurons. During the lag period preceding DCD, the mean amplitude of [Ca2+]i rise was 1.2‐fold greater in the presence of pro‐NT‐3 than in the presence of Glu alone (1.67 ± 0.07 and 1.39 ± 0.04, respectively, P < 0.05). The Glu‐induced changes in Са2+ homeostasis in the presence of pro‐NT‐3 likely are due to the decreased rate of Са2+ removal from the cytosol during the DCD latency period. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
JNK, cytoskeletal regulator and stress response kinase? A Drosophila perspective

c‐Jun N‐terminal kinases (JNKs) are intracellular stress‐activated signalling molecules, which are controlled by a highly evolutionarily conserved signalling cascade. In mammalian cells, JNKs are regulated by a wide variety of cellular stresses and growth factors and have been implicated in the regulation of remarkably diverse biological processes, such as cell shape changes, immune responses and apoptosis. How can such different stimuli activate the JNK pathway and what roles does JNK play in vivo? Molecular genetic analysis of the Drosophila JNK gene has started to provide answers to these questions, confirming the role of this molecule in development and stress responses and suggesting a conserved function for JNK signalling in processes such as wound healing. Here, we review this work and discuss how future experiments in Drosophila should reveal the cell type‐specific mechanisms by which JNKs perform their diverse functions. BioEssays 20:1009–1019, 1998. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Viscoelasticity of near-critical gels.

Viscoelastic measurements on gels near the gel point show power-law frequency and time dependences. Using a percolation model, we find that viscoelastic properties are described by the universal exponent /Delta/= d/nu//(d/nu/+k) where k is the viscosity exponent, /nu/ is the correlation-length exponent, and d is the dimension of space. This expression leads to a theory for the critical growth of the equilibrium shear modulus beyond the gel point, and the steady-state creep compliance beneath the gel point. Viscoelastic data are given for epoxy resins.
Derogation, Discrimination, and (Dis)Satisfaction With Jobs in Science

In the current study of 353 science and engineering faculty members, we examined whether three types of gender-based mistreatment might “chill” individuals’ perceptions of the professional climate, which might in turn undermine satisfaction with their jobs. We also tested gender differences in these relationships. Results indicated that for women, the relationship between gender discrimination (e.g., unequal access to resources) and job satisfaction was mediated by scholarly alienation and a negative workplace climate; gender derogation (e.g., disparaging comments) was related to organizational sexism toward women (OSTW), which was associated with perceptions of scholarly alienation and a negative workplace climate; these perceptions in turn predicted lower job satisfaction. For men, gender derogation was indirectly related to job satisfaction via scholarly alienation, and OSTW was indirectly related to job satisfaction via both climate variables. Analyses indicated that most of these indirect effects were stronger for women than men. We discuss these results for both sexes and suggest reasons why men’s climate perceptions may be “chilled” by exposure to sexism toward women. We also discuss implications for individuals working with women in male-dominated environments, such as organizational administrators and clinical practitioners.