Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Challenges in sharing information effectively: examples from command and control

Introduccion. El objetivo del compartimiento de informacion es cambiar a una persona la imagen de mundo y desarrollar una comprension compartida. Es un componente esencial de la colaboracion. Este articulo examina las barreras al compartimiento eficaz de informacion en situaciones dinamicas de trabajo en grupo. Metodo. Se observaron tres tipos de simulaciones de entrenamiento de campo de batalla y se realizaron entrevistas abiertas con personal militar. Analisis. Se analizaron las notas y transcripciones de la entrevista para identificar incidentes en los que los miembros del grupo creyeron erroneamente que habian compartido informacion eficazmente y habian estado colaborando satisfactoriamente, es decir, habia surgido una comprension compartida falsa. Estos incidentes fueron analizados para descubrir lo que llevo a estas rupturas inesperadas en el compartimiento de informacion. Resultados. Las rupturas inesperadas en el compartimiento de informacion aparecieron cuando: no fueron reconocidas las diferencias en las implementaciones de simbolos compartidos; no fueron compartidas las implicaciones de la informacion pertinente; no fueron entendidas las diferencias en el rol y la expresion de emociones al compartir informacion; y, no fue reconocida la necesidad de restablecer la confianza. Conclusion. Los retos en el compartimiento de informacion identificados pueden extenderse a otras situaciones de alta tension, unicas y complejas, como las catastrofes naturales. Se presentan recomendaciones para tecnicas de conducta de informacion mas eficaces en situaciones dinamicas de trabajo en grupo.
Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis following vaccination with nasal attenuated novel influenza A(H1N1) vaccine.

BACKGROUND Transverse myelitis has been reported in association with vaccination, including influenza vaccination. OBJECTIVE To describe a case of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis associated with vaccination with a nasal attenuated novel influenza A(H1N1) vaccine. DESIGN Case report. SETTING Sanford University of South Dakota Hospital. Patient A 27-year-old woman with longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis. RESULTS Four days following novel influenza A(H1N1) vaccination, the patient developed longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis. Extensive diagnostic evaluation effectively ruled out causes other than vaccination-associated transverse myelitis. Following treatment with corticosteroids and plasmapheresis, the patient made a significant recovery. CONCLUSIONS Transverse myelitis may be associated with vaccination against novel influenza A(H1N1). Additionally, we believe this to be the first report of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis associated with any vaccine.
Neural mechanisms involved in itch, itchy skin, and tickle sensations.

Available evidence suggests that the sensation of itching is closely related to that of pain (1). Titchener (2) observed that when the skin was explored with a fine hair, well-defined points were found which gave rise to itching when the intensity of stimulation was low, and to pain on stronger stimulation. Bishop (3) found that itching resulted from repetitive low intensity electrical stimulation of pain spots in the skin. Lewis, Grant and Marvin (4) pointed out that noxious stimuli, if their intensity be decreased, can be made to produce itching instead of pain. Forster (5) and Bickford (6) reported that in patients who had
Common Costs and Cross-Subsidies: Misestimation Versus Misallocation

Existing models of cross-subsidization have focused on either ex ante distortions to investments or misallocations of common costs as the principal sources of cross-subsidies in regulated firms. In this paper, we identify a third vehicle for such cross-subsidization that, given regulators’ preferences, is not only likely but likely to be prominent; namely, the misestimation of the magnitude of common costs. Because our results incorporate regulators’ preferences, they may provide the necessary building block for a positive theory of the magnitude of observed common costs that has, heretofore, been absent in the literature. (JEL L51, L97)
“I've Been Through Something”

This article describes common experiences of African American women breast cancer survivors through poetic analysis. Group-as-a-whole theory and empirical and interpretive phenomenology guided analysis of transcripts from three focus groups (n = 21) of African American breast cancer survivors. Familiarity with transcripts and themes led to awareness of poetic ways in which African American women described experiences. Black feminist literature and African American historical references contextualized survivors' experiences. Poetic interpretations of African American women's breast cancer experiences, from diagnosis to survivorship, were created from transcript dialogues. Verbatim words were used to construct the poems, as often as possible. Eleven poems describe the journey from diagnosis to survivorship as experienced by African American women. The poetry may raise levels of awareness of African American women's breast cancer survivorship experiences. Attention to subtleties that underpin culture within the context of health care environments may help health care providers to improve cultural competence.
Precordial thumping during cardiac resuscitation

A forceful blow to the precordium has long been recommended as the first resuscitative measure following cardiac arrest. It has been shown sometimes to cause slowing of ventricular tachycardia. However, reports maintaining that cardiac standstill responded to chest thumping failed to establish the cardiocirculatory conditions at the time of treatment. This study evaluated the maneuver in resuscitating asphyxiated dogs with cardiac standstill, ventricular fibrillation, severe hypotension clinically resembling cardiac arrest, and post-resuscitation tachyarrhythmias.In animals with ventricular tachycardia, precordial thumping caused ventricular fibrillation as often as reversion to sinus rhythm. Used during severe hypotension it had no effect; nor did it precipitate cardiac asystole, ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia. No animal with cardiac standstill or ventricular fibrillation was benefited by thumping while artificial ventilation, external cardiac massage, intravenous epinephrine and external countershock restored 14 of 15 animals.It would appear that precordial thumping should be utilized in the management of ventricular tachycardia only when equipment for external defibrillation is immediately available. The measure should be deleted from the recommended treatment of cardiac arrest.
Decoupled voltage stability assessment of distribution networks using synchrophasors

This paper presents a real-time voltage stability assessment in distribution networks (DNs) capable of separating the effects of the transmission and distribution network by using synchronized phasor measurements. The method aims to assist transmission and distribution system operators to quantify the need of their services in different parts of the DN in order to provide adequate voltage support to their specific stakeholders. The method uses data from phasor measurement units (PMUs) to estimate models for both DN and transmission network (TN). A Thévenin equivalent model is estimated for the TN and a T-model for the DN. By applying the superposition theorem on these two models, the contribution of each network to the overall system voltage stability can be distinguished at a specific bus (equipped with a PMU). The method has been validated by a hardware-in-the-loop setup which consists an OPAL-RT real-time simulator and three PMUs.
A nursing brief: emerging best practice in Department of Children and Families nursing.

In 2012, more than 400,000 children in the United States were in the child welfare system because of abuse or neglect. These children are uniquely vulnerable and present multiple health challenges to child welfare and health professionals. According to the most recent Child and Family Services Reviews (CFSR) from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families' Children's Bureau (2010), none of the 50 states, Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia were "in substantial conformity" in meeting the well-being outcome for the physical and mental health needs of the children in their care. To address this deficiency, Connecticut nurses caring for children involved with Department of Children and Families (DCF) collaborated to establish nursing standards of practice leading to improved health services for children in care and a mechanism to readily transfer health information. Post-implementation evaluation revealed improved quality of care and the availability of enhanced health information. These endeavors have led to the recognition that nurses working in DCF venues are members of an emerging professional nursing specialty: "nursing in child welfare. "
[The influence of tobacco smoking on alcohol craving during alcoholism rehabilitation treatment programme].

AIM Scientific data indicates that 80% alcohol dependent patients smoke cigarettes. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of cigarette smoking on the severity of alcohol craving and therefore -on the efficacy of treatment and continuing sobriety in alcohol dependent individuals. METHOD We examined 82 adults (57 men and 25 women), meeting the ICD-10 alcohol dependence criteria, undergoing alcohol dependence therapy, who were divided into two groups--smoking and non-smoking (male and female). Twice during the study--between the 7th and 14th day and 50th and 90th day of therapy--subjects were examined with the use of a structured questionnaire, including basic demographic data, the Nicotine Dependence Test and the Nicotine Dependence Questionnaire by Fagerstrom and the Obsessive-Compulsive Drinking Scale by Anton. RESULTS The study was accomplished by 76 patients. In 80% of the alcohol dependent smokers the number of cigarettes per day remains unchanged. There were no significant differences in alcohol craving between smokers and non-smokers.
Is calprotectin a marker of tobacco smoke related inflammation?: a pilot study in children

Context: Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) related inflammation has an anorexigenic effect through affecting the release of appetite-modulating mediators, leptin and ghrelin. Elevated serum calprotectin levels are found in a variety of inflammatory conditions. Objective: To study the relation between ETS and body mass index (BMI), as well as serum levels of leptin, ghrelin and calprotectin. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was performed by searching the smoking status of parents. After filling in the questionnaires, parents were phoned and children were invited to supply fasting blood samples in order to measure serum levels of leptin, ghrelin and calprotectin, and to calculate their BMIs. Participant children were divided into Group 1 (n = 51), those who are not exposed to and Group 2 (n = 46), exposed to indoor ETS. Results: There were no statistical difference in BMI, leptin and ghrelin levels between Group 1 and Group 2 (p values are 0.85, 0.87 and 0.42, respectively), but serum calprotectin levels were statistically higher in Group 2 (p = 0.003). Discussion and conclusion: In this study serum levels of calprotectin were found to be higher in children with indoor ETS exposure where no relation was detected with BMI and serum levels of leptin and ghrelin. Increased serum levels of calprotectin might be an indicator of inflammation related to ETS exposure.
IL-4 Regulates MEK Expression Required for Lysophosphatidic Acid-Mediated Chemokine Generation by Human Mast Cells1

IL-4 and mast cells (MCs) mediate mucosal defense against helminths and are central to allergic inflammation. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), an abundant, potent lipid growth factor, stimulates the growth of cultured human MCs (hMCs) in vitro through a pathway involving LPA receptors 1 and 3 (termed the LPA1 and LPA3 receptors, respectively) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ. We now report that LPA potently induces the generation of proinflammatory chemokines (MIP-1β, IL-8, and MCP-1) by hMCs by a mechanism that absolutely requires IL-4. The de novo expression of chemokine mRNA and protein generation involves synergistic actions of calcium flux-dependent NFAT transcription factors and ERK. ERK phosphorylation and chemokine production in response to LPA require IL-4-dependent up-regulation of MEK-1 expression by a pathway involving PI3K. Although receptor-selective agonists for both the LPA2 and LPA3 receptors induce calcium fluxes by hMCs, only the LPA2 receptor-selective agonist fatty alcohol phosphate-12 mimics the IL-4-dependent effect of LPA on chemokine generation. The fact that LPA, an endogenous lipid mediator, activates hMCs by an LPA2 receptor-dependent pathway indicates functional distinctions between different LPA receptor family members that are expressed constitutively by cells of a single hemopoietic lineage. Moreover, the regulation of MEK-dependent signaling is a mechanism by which IL-4 could amplify inflammation in mucosal immune responses through receptor systems for endogenous ligands such as LPA.
Results of a pivotal phase II study of brentuximab vedotin for patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma.

PURPOSE Brentuximab vedotin is an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) that selectively delivers monomethyl auristatin E, an antimicrotubule agent, into CD30-expressing cells. In phase I studies, brentuximab vedotin demonstrated significant activity with a favorable safety profile in patients with relapsed or refractory CD30-positive lymphomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this multinational, open-label, phase II study, the efficacy and safety of brentuximab vedotin were evaluated in patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) after autologous stem-cell transplantation (auto-SCT). Patients had histologically documented CD30-positive HL by central pathology review. A total of 102 patients were treated with brentuximab vedotin 1.8 mg/kg by intravenous infusion every 3 weeks. In the absence of disease progression or prohibitive toxicity, patients received a maximum of 16 cycles. The primary end point was the overall objective response rate (ORR) determined by an independent radiology review facility. RESULTS The ORR was 75% with complete remission (CR) in 34% of patients. The median progression-free survival time for all patients was 5.6 months, and the median duration of response for those in CR was 20.5 months. After a median observation time of more than 1.5 years, 31 patients were alive and free of documented progressive disease. The most common treatment-related adverse events were peripheral sensory neuropathy, nausea, fatigue, neutropenia, and diarrhea. CONCLUSION The ADC brentuximab vedotin was associated with manageable toxicity and induced objective responses in 75% of patients with relapsed or refractory HL after auto-SCT. Durable CRs approaching 2 years were observed, supporting study in earlier lines of therapy.
Analysis of both TSC1 and TSC2 for germline mutations in 126 unrelated patients with tuberous sclerosis

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the development of multiple hamartomas involving many organs. About two‐thirds of the cases are sporadic and appear to represent new mutations. With the cloning of two causative genes, TSC1 and TSC2 it is now possible to analyze both genes in TSC patients and identify germline mutations. Here we report the mutational analysis of the entire coding region of both TSC1 and TSC2 genes in 126 unrelated TSC patients, including 40 familial and 86 sporadic cases, by single‐stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis followed by direct sequencing. Mutations were identified in a total of 74 (59%) cases, including 16 TSC1 mutations (5 sporadic and 11 familial cases) and 58 TSC2 mutations (42 sporadic and 16 familial cases). Overall, significantly more TSC2 mutations were found in our population, with a relatively equal distribution of mutations between TSC1 and TSC2 among the familial cases, but a marked underrepresentation of TSC1 mutations among the sporadic cases (P = 0.0035, Fisher's exact test). All TSC1 mutations were predicted to be protein truncating. However, in TSC2 13 missense mutations were found, five clustering in the GAP‐related domain and three others occurring in exon 16. Upon comparison of clinical manifestations, including the incidence of intellectual disability, we could not find any observable differences between TSC1 and TSC2 patients. Our data help define the distribution and spectrum of mutations associated with the TSC loci and will be useful for both understanding the function of these genes as well as genetic counseling in patients with the disease. Hum Mutat 14:412–422, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Turistlerin Satin Alma Kararlarindaki Kültürel Farkliliklar: Türk - Alman Karsilastirmasi

Kultur, satin alma davranisina etki eden onemli faktorlerden biridir. Gerek tuketici davranislari, gerekse kultur uzerine literaturde pek cok arastirma mevcuttur. Ancak her ikisini birlestiren ve belirgin pazarlara yonelik arastirma sayisi oldukca azdir. Bu arastirmanin amaci, Turkler ve Almanlarin tatil satin alma kararlarina iliskin farkliliklarini ortaya koymaktir. Arastirma, 2006 yili yazinda Antalya ilinde, turistlerin otelde konakladiklari sirada, yargisal orneklem yontemi kullanilarak yapilmistir. Arastirma sonucunda turistlerin milliyet, cinsiyet, medeni durum ve konaklama turune gore satin alma kararlarindaki farkliliklar onemli bulunmustur. Bu arastirma her iki kulture birlikte hizmet veren isletmecilere, iki grubun farkliliklarini gostermesi acisindan onem tasir. Arastirma sonuclarinin uygulanmasi, isletmecilere pazarin bu bolumleri icin etkin stratejiler olusturma imkâni verebilir.
Moyamoya following cranial irradiation for primary brain tumors in children

Objective: To study the risk factors for the development of moyamoya syndrome after cranial irradiation for primary brain tumors in children. Methods: We reviewed neuroimaging studies and dosimetry data for 456 children who were treated with radiation for a primary brain tumor and who were prospectively evaluated with serial neuroimaging studies and neurologic evaluations. A total of 345 patients had both adequate neuroimaging and radiation dosimetry data for further analysis. We used survival analysis techniques to examine the relationship of clinically important variables as risk factors for the development of moyamoya over time. Results: Overall, 12 patients (3.5%) developed evidence of moyamoya. The onset of moyamoya was more rapid for patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) (median of 38 vs 55 months) and for patients who received >5,000 cGy of radiation (median of 42 vs 67 months). In a multiple Cox proportional hazards regression analysis controlling for age at start of radiation, each 100-cGy increase in radiation dose increased the rate of moyamoya by 7% (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.13, p = 0.01) and the presence of NF1 increased the rate of moyamoya threefold (HR = 3.07, 95% CI: 0.90 to 10.46, p = 0.07). Conclusions: Moyamoya syndrome is a potentially serious complication of cranial irradiation in children, particularly for those patients with tumors in close proximity to the circle of Willis, such as optic pathway glioma. Patients who received higher doses of radiation to the circle of Willis and with neurofibromatosis type 1 have increased risk of the development of moyamoya syndrome.
An evaluation of interference of inflatable penile prostheses with electromagnetic localization and tracking system.

PURPOSE The Calypso system is stated by the manufacturer to be contraindicated for cases where the patient has been implanted with a penile prosthesis. This is due to concern for potential metal interference-related reduction of spatial localization and tracking accuracy. Here we quantify the localization and tracking accuracy of the Calypso system in the presence of inflatable penile prosthesis devices from three most widely used models which account for, essentially, 100% of implants in North America. METHODS Phantom studies were first performed to quantify the interference of Calypso localization and tracking accuracy from both varying metal (steel) masses, and from the penile prosthetic devices themselves. The interference of varying steel masses was studied as a function of two factors: (a) the mass and (b) the location of steel material. The Calypso daily quality assurance (QA) phantom with three implanted Beacon(®) transponders was used to measure any aliasing of position that might occur due to metal interference. After confirming the safety of use in phantom, we implanted Calypso Beacon(®) transponders in one patient with a previously implanted AMS Model 700 inflatable penile prosthetic device. For each of the 42 delivered treatment fractions, redundant stereotactic ultrasound (US) image guidance was performed to ensure good agreement between US and Calypso guidance. RESULTS We observed that a steel mass of less than 18 g did not cause any detectable positional aliasing for the Calypso tracking function. The mass of metal material measured to exist in the three penile prosthetic devices studied here (MP35N alloy) was approximately 1 g for each. No positional aliasing was observed for the three prosthetic devices in phantom, and good agreement between redundant US and Calypso was also observed in patient. CONCLUSIONS Both phantom and patient evaluations with the penile prosthetic devices showed no measurable interference with the Calypso system, thus indicating that accurate Calypso-based alignments can be performed in the presence of current industry standard inflatable penile prosthetic devices.
E-business teaching reform based on CDIO - Take “Website Planning & Operation” as an example

“Website Planning and Operation” is a professional course of E-business major with important strategic position. The paper suggests concept of teaching reform based on CDIO model, including teaching content, application-oriented teaching methods, and a variety of assessment forms. Optimization of specific teachers and teaching materials has been proposed aiming to the characteristics of practical teaching.
Ready, Set, Fuse! The Coronavirus Spike Protein and Acquisition of Fusion Competence

Coronavirus-cell entry programs involve virus-cell membrane fusions mediated by viral spike (S) proteins. Coronavirus S proteins acquire membrane fusion competence by receptor interactions, proteolysis, and acidification in endosomes. This review describes our current understanding of the S proteins, their interactions with and their responses to these entry triggers. We focus on receptors and proteases in prompting entry and highlight the type II transmembrane serine proteases (TTSPs) known to activate several virus fusion proteins. These and other proteases are essential cofactors permitting coronavirus infection, conceivably being in proximity to cell-surface receptors and thus poised to split entering spike proteins into the fragments that refold to mediate membrane fusion. The review concludes by noting how understanding of coronavirus entry informs antiviral therapies.