Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Valuing non-market goods using subjective wellbeing data

Attaching monetary values to non-market outcomes, goods and services has become a critical part of policy evaluation across OECD countries. The HM Treasury Green Book, the core policy evaluation guidance in the UK, requires that projects and policies be assessed using Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA), which compares the benefits and costs of a policy in monetary terms and hence requires valuation of the outcomes of a policy. Outside of public policy, the private sector is also increasingly interested in valuing the outcomes of their activities to measure the social value that they generate. However, valuing non-market goods such as education, health, crime, environment, and heritage is difficult because they are not traded in markets. Wellbeing Valuation (WV) is a relatively new method, first developed in 2002. There are a number of technical problems with the method related to the statistical estimation methodology and a number of issues that have not been explored in full such as how to interpret the values. This has restricted the method’s use in policy evaluation to date. The aim of this thesis is to develop a comprehensive understanding of the WV approach and to improve the methodology so that it can be applied robustly in CBA, policy evaluation and in social value studies. I do this by developing a complete theory of WV and a new set of technical criteria to be used to assess the rigour of WV studies. I then develop a new statistical method for WV, the Three Step Wellbeing Valuation (3S-WV) method, and demonstrate how it solves for the main technical issues and improves the values and results derived from the method. I also provide a new framework for interpreting values derived from WV. I showcase the new 3S-WV method on a case study to value the non-pecuniary benefits of employment.
Development of an Instrument to Evaluate Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Style of Headmasters across Primary Schools in Malaysia

The aim of this study is developed and validated a questionnaire to measure emotional intelligence and leadership style amongst primary school headmasters across Malaysia. The instrument was designed by adopting several standard procedures, including item development, validation of theoretical construct of Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Style, pilot test, and validation of the developed instrument. The questionnaires were tested among 50 school headmasters within four week timeframe. The pilot study was conducted to validate all the items embedded in the questionnaire. The response rate for the pilot study was 78%. After the pilot study, minor revision and corrections were made to items concerning Emotional Intelligence, while major revision for Leadership Style. The questionnaire consisted of three primary parts: Demographic and School Information, Emotional Intelligence, and Leadership Style. The Cronbach’s Alpha values for Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Style are (0.868) and (0.726), respectively.
Original Contribution BIOMASS YIELD AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUBSTANCES PRODUCTION IN LIMITING – NUTRIENT CULTURES OF LACTOBACILLUS SPECIES

Lactic acid bacteria had been reported to produce antimicrobial compounds such as lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide and diacetyl which are inhibitory to pathogenic bacteria.Attempt was therefore made in this study to screen for the antimicrobial property of these metabolites and to optimize their production based on growth nutrient formulation or by varying some components of the growth medium (De Mann Rogosa Sharpe i.e MRS) Four species of lactobacillus were isolated from fermented beverages such as ogi, kunnuzarki and pito and were identified as L. plantarum, L.delbruekii, L.reuteri and L. acidophilus.The result obtained from the screening of the antimicrobial compounds showed that some indicator organisms were inhibited while some were resistance to the metabolites of the LAB species. The nutrient limiting study revealed that varying glucose concentration significantly affected the biomass yield but did not show significant effect on the production of antimicrobial compounds. (p> 0.05)However, the effect of varying peptone concentration revealed that there was significant effect on the antimicrobial compounds secreted while the biomass yield were insignificantly affected.At 1.0% concentration of peptone(control) a biomass of 20.00±0.14mg/ml was recorded and the corresponding antimicrobial compounds produced were 19.00 ± 0.16g/l of lactic acid , 0.360±0.14g/l of hydrogen peroxide and 1.90±0.26g/l of diacetyl, were recorded in L. Plantarum while at 0.5% concentration of peptone, a biomass of 19.68±0.43mg/l was produced while the corresponding antimicrobial compounds were 25.00±0.48g/l of lactic acid,0.54± 0.17 g/lof hydrogen peroxide and 2.80± 0.71g/l of diacetyl However , at 0% concentration of peptone a biomass of 19.59 ±0.39mg/l was noted whilethe corresponding antimicrobial compounds were17.00 ±0.74g/l of lactic acid,0.33 ±0.12g/l of hydrogen peroxide and 1.70±0.22g/l of diacetyl . This trend was equally observed in all the species used. The limiting effect of tween-80 revealed that there was significant difference on both the biomass and antimicrobial substances produced. It could be concluded from this study that metabolites produced by LAB possess inhibitory properties and the production of these substances can be optimized by varying the concentration of some of the components constituting the growth medium.
Simplicity and complexity of genetic susceptibility in the occupational environment

The individual response to physical or chemical stress may vary as a function of the particular gene combination regarding metabolism of chemical mutagens, DNA repair, cell death and cell cycle control. Nowadays, methods for genotyping have become easy to perform and in vitro phenotyping approaches are in development. It is therefore interesting to consider whether these methods assessing genetic susceptibility can be implemented for occupational biomonitoring. A major question is whether genotyping or phenotyping or both has the best predictive value for cancer risk and should be applied. To fully understand the relationship between genotype and phenotype, knowledge about the different factors influencing the expression of a genotype into a phenotype is still missing. In this review we compare advantages and disadvantages of genotyping and phenotyping to assess individual susceptibility and discuss the different parameters modifying the genotype-phenotype relationship. The importance of both approaches is illustrated by a study conducted in our laboratory in workers exposed to low dose ionising radiation. Genotyping for hOGG1, XRCC1 and XRCC3, enzymes involved in base excision and double strand DNA repair was performed; the DNA strand break repair phenotype was assessed by in vitro challenging with γ-rays. The results indicate that hOGG 1 and XRCC3 may be predictive for induced mutations after exposure to ionising radiation, and that the in vitro repair phenotype assay might also be a valuable approach to assess individual susceptibility. Additional studies on larger population samples are needed before advising these genetic tests for susceptibility in daily practice.
New information on the systematics and postcranial skeleton of Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis (Ther

ABSTRACT Herrerasauridae from the Ischigualasto Formation (San Juan Province, Argentina) included Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis Reig, 1963, Ischisaurus cattoi Reig, 1963, and Frenguellisaurus ischigualastensis Novas, 1986. Review of type and referred specimens of those taxa suggests that Ischisaurus and Frenguellisaurus are junior synonyms of Herrerasaurus. At present, Herrerasaurus is the only Herrerasauridae documented in the Ischigualasto Formation, and the record of a cf. Staurikosaurus in those beds is here dismissed. Cladistic analysis counters previous hypotheses supporting the outgroup position of Herrerasauridae with respect to the remaining dinosaurs. Instead, new evidence supports this group as saurischian dinosaurs: the posterior process of the jugal is forked, a hyposphene-hypantrum articulation is present in dorsal vertebrae, the distal shaft of the ischium is rod-like, and six other saurischian synapomorphies are present. Moreover, herrerasaurids share with other theropods 11 synapomorphi.
A Smart Fault Detection System For Indian Railways

This paper is intended to propose a device which can automatically detect any cracks in railway tracks. The created device will be attached into the train engine and it consists of a sensor that will detect crack a few meters away and as soon as any crack is detected the train driver will get a signal so he can apply emergency brakes along with it the authorities will be notified with the correct location at which the fault is detected. The proposed approach is benign because the Indian Railway is the biggest railway network in Asia so there should be an efficacious methodology to detect and correct any kind of mishap due to railway tracks. The proposed system is different from others because the device is embedded in the train itself, which could reduce manual work and labour wages. This project aims at the eradication of any kind of casualty in Indian Railway and if this system creates, even if a small refinement it will make a difference in the nation.
Selection for body weight in dairy cattle in the Netherlands.

INTRODUCTION To facilitate efficient selection of breeding animals, breeding organisations estimate and publish estimated breeding values (EBVs) for traits that are of (economic) importance such as milk production and conformation. Several studies (Dempfle, 1986 ; Steverink et al., 1993 ; Spelman and Garrick, 1997) suggested that the use of EBVs for body weight (BW) when making selection decisions may be a potential tool to increase the economic response of selection. These studies indicated that the combined use of EBVs for milk production and BW may increase the economic response of selection up to 4 %. Although some countries such as New Zealand (Ahlborn and Dempfle, 1992) and Finland (Hietanen and Ojala, 1995) already provide breeders with EBVs for BW, knowledge on the possibilities and relevance of selection for BW under Dutch circumstances is limited. To decide on a selection strategy including BW, the Dutch breeding industry initiated studies on the genetic and economic aspects of selection for BW. First, the possibilities of easy and efficient systems for large-scale data recording and genetic evaluation were studied. Secondly, economic value (EVs) for BW were estimated to quantify the effects of genetic changes of BW on the economic efficiency. Finally, alternative selection strategies including EBVs for BW were compared. This paper summarises these studies to outline the possibilities and relevance of a combined selection strategy for BW in dairy cattle in the Netherlands.
Behavior Change Techniques Included in Reports of Social Media Interventions for Promoting Health Behaviors in Adults: Content Analysis Within a Systematic Review

Background Social media are an increasingly commonly used platform for delivering health promotion interventions. Although recent research has focused on the effectiveness of social media interventions for health promotion, very little is known about the optimal content within such interventions, and the active ingredients to promote health behavior change using social media are not clear. Identifying which behavior change techniques (BCTs) are reported may help to clarify the content of interventions using a generalizable terminology that may facilitate future intervention development. Objective This study aimed to identify which BCTs are reported in social media interventions for promoting health behavior change in adults. Methods We included 71 studies conducted with adult participants (aged ≥18 years) and for which social media intervention was considered interactive in a Cochrane review of the effectiveness of such interventions. We developed a coding manual informed by the Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy version 1 (BCTTv1) to identify BCTs in the included studies. We identified BCTs in all study arms (including control) and described BCTs in the group and self-directed components of studies. We characterized the dose of delivery for each BCT by low and high intensity. We used descriptive analyses to characterize the reported BCTs. Results Our data consisted of 71 studies published from 2001 to 2017, mainly conducted in high-income countries (n=65). Most studies (n=31) used tailored, interactive websites to deliver the intervention; Facebook was the most used mainstream platform. In developing our coding manual, we adapted some BCTTv1 instructions to better capture unique nuances of how BCTs were operationalized in social media with respect to likes, retweets, smiles, congratulations, and badges. Social support (unspecified), instruction on how to perform the behavior, and credible source were most frequently identified BCTs in intervention arms of studies and group-delivery settings, whereas instruction on how to perform the behavior was most commonly applied in self-directed components of studies, control arms, and individual participant settings. Instruction on how to perform the behavior was also the most frequently reported BCT in both intervention and control arms simultaneously. Instruction on how to perform the behavior, social support (unspecified), self-monitoring of behavior, information about health consequences, and credible source were identified in the top 5 BCTs delivered with the highest intensity. Conclusions This study within a review provides a detailed description of the BCTs and their dose to promote behavior change in web-based, interactive social media interventions. Clarifying active ingredients in social media interventions and the intensity of their delivery may help to develop future interventions that can more clearly build upon the existing evidence.
Construction of Edwardsiella ictaluri fhuCD inframe deletion mutant.

A number of different strategies have been developed to achieve Site-directed mutagenesis. One of these methods is in-frame deletion technique which efficiently creates mutations at specific sites by deletion a number of nucleotides from a bacterial chromosome. The fhuCD operon consists of two genes (fhuC and fhuD) which are involved in the uptake of ferric hydroxamate siderophores across the bacterial membranes. In the present study, a construction of the EiΔfhuCD mutants was conducted. EiΔfhuCD mutant was achieved by performing the in-frame fhuCD fragment through overlapping extension PCR then digested the in-frame fragment by SacI and XbaI restriction enzyme and ligated to the suicide plasmid pMEG-375. The recombination plasmid (pEiΔfhuCD) was transformed into E. ictaluri wild type strain by conjugation and integrated into the genomic DNA through two steps of homologous recombination. The colony PCR and DNA sequencing were used to genotypically confirm the deletion. Besides, it was successfully deleted a 1635bp/545aa from a 1707-bp of the fhuCD operon. Key word: Edwardsiella ictaluri; fhuCD. CONSTRUCTION OF EDWARDSIELLA ICTALURI FHUCD IN-FRAME DELETION MUTANT
THERMAL BIOLOGY OF THE GECKO TARENTOLA BOETTGERI: COMPARISONS AMONG POPULATIONS FROM DIFFERENT ELEVATIONS WITHIN GRAN CANARIA

The thermal biologies of many diurnal lizards are known to be evolutionarily conservative at the subspecific level. I investigated whether nocturnal geckos are also conservative by comparing body temperatures selected in a thermal gradient and thermal tolerances among six populations of the gecko Tarentola boettgeri from the island of Gran Canaria. The studied pop- ulations were from a thermally diverse range of habitats which was reflected by differences in (median) field body temperatures of up to 17.8 C. I found no significant variation in mean selected body temperature among the six populations, although it did vary over an 8-h repeated-measurement period. Median diurnal field body temperatures were up to 22 C lower than mean selected body temperatures in geckos from cooler high elevation sites but as little as 5 C lower in geckos from warmer coastal sites. Critical thermal maxima (CTMax), minima (CTMin), and the body temper- ature at the onset of the panting reflex (PT) varied among the six populations, and they also showed acclimatory responses to laboratory conditions. The generalized patterns of among-population differentiation showed significant rank-correlations with site-elevation, both after initial (8-13 days) and long (11-13 wk) periods of laboratory acclimation. CTMin, CTMax, and PT were initially lower in the populations from the cooler high-elevation areas. This pattern of differentiation disappeared for CTMax and PT after 11 wk of laboratory acclimation but remained evident for CTMin. Climate-induced population differentiation (genetic or acclimatory) of CTMin appears to be slightly greater in this species than that described in diurnal lizards.
The Determinants and Consequences of Finance Committee Use

Finance committees are the most commonly created voluntary committees of boards. Finance committees oversee and advise management on financial issues. We study why firms create finance committees and whether firms benefit from using a finance committee. We predict that firms that need finance expertise would benefit the most from having a finance committee, and thus, are more likely to form such a committee. We find that firms are more likely to have a finance committee when they have derivatives, defined benefit pension plans, high leverage and credit ratings, and active dividend payout. We examine the impact of finance committees on investment performance using two proxies, investment efficiency and capital expenditure (capex) guidance quality. We find that firms with a temporary finance committee invest more efficiently and provide capex guidance more frequently. We find no association between finance committee use and capex forecast issuance, accuracy and precision.
O ENGAJAMENTO PARA COMBATE AO DESPERDÍCIO DE ALIMENTOS NOS HOSPITAIS COMO ESTRATÉGIA DE RESPONSABILIDADE SOCIAL CORPORATIVA ## THE ENGAGEMENT TO REDUCE FOOD WASTE IN HOSPITALS AS A STRATEGY FOR CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

The waste of food was emphasized in some of the goals of the Objectives of Sustainable Development (OSD), where fi ve of the 17 objectives are related to food and one explicit goal to reduce the waste of food by half, reducing the loss of our production systems and supply until 2030 (FAO, 2017). Because of its relevance, the principal objective of the study is to analyze strategies of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the hospital context. As it is a fundamental element of the resources of an organization, to identify the origin, the motivation and the practices against food waste in healthcare entities. The work highlights three large hospitals that were analysed via semi-structured interviews, non-particpant observation and the analysis of documents. Empirical evidence shows, that the particular context of hospitals is largely driven by government legislation as the largest internal strategic force in programs of hospital waste management. The development of strategies and the generation of resources need governance, engagement of the interested parties, the sharing of information and integrated communication.
Chondrichthyan tooth enameloid: past, present, and future

Enameloid is a hard mineralized tissue covering chondrichthyan and actinopterygian teeth. Over the past 40 years, it has been extensively studied in various extinct and extant sharks, leading to the broad use of microstructural characters to differentiate between hybodont and neoselachian teeth. However, the chondrichthyan taxic diversity is disproportionately high compared to the number of taxa explored for enameloid microstructure, and the generalization of these few observations to the whole group is problematic. Indeed, many other groups, in particular modern rays and skates, have been completely overlooked, and almost nothing is known about their tooth histology. Furthermore, the recent discovery of typical neoselachian character in cladodontomorph sharks teeth clearly indicates that we have had an over-simplified perception of the chondrichthyan enameloid distribution, which put into question the previously proposed evolutive scenarios dealing whith this tissue. We propose a brief historical overview of the study and understanding of chondrichthyan enameloid diversity and briefly discuss preparation issues encountered when dealing with the study of chondrichthyan hypermineralized tissues. Then, the variation of enameloid microstructures encountered in ctenacanthiforms, hybodonts, selachimorphs, and batomorphs is explored, summarized, and discussed. Although the full extent of the diversity and variability of the enameloid microstructure in many of these groups and others remains to be fully determined, we are able to show that most possess a much more complex enameloid microstructure than expected, and propose a revised and more fitting chondrichthyan enameloid terminology, based on the recognition of two main units: an external Single Crystallite Enameloid (SCE) and an internal Bundled Crystallite Enameloid (BCE). Our study reveals new insights in the understanding of character distribution among batomorphs and sets a framework for tackling global chondrichthyan tooth enameloid evolution. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London
The Biochemical development of the fetus and neonate

When there are many people who don't need to expect something more than the benefits to take, we will suggest you to have willing to reach all benefits. Be sure and surely do to take this biochemical development of the fetus and neonate that gives the best reasons to read. When you really need to get the reason why, this biochemical development of the fetus and neonate book will probably make you feel curious.
PREDICCIÓN DEL CONTENIDO INTRACELULAR DE TREHALOSA EN EL PROCESO DE PRODUCCIÓN DE BIOMASA DE Saccharomyces cerevisiae PREDICTING TREHALOSE CYTOPLASMIC CONTENT DURING A Saccharomyces cerevisiae BIOMASS PRODUCTION PROCESS

Trehalose is a dimeric carbohydrate and yeast biomass component generally used as an indicator of good viability and fermentation capacity. Yeast biomass production processes aim at inducing an intracellular accumulation of trehalose. However, during a production process, the trehalose must be quantified by off-line analytical methods after sample taking because it is a cytoplasmic compound. Thus, knowing experimental measurements of yeast trehalose content is always delayed. As a result, not oportune actions can be implemented in order to lead the production process toward a high intracellular trehalose accumulation in the produced biomass. Therefore, an online estimation method to forecast real-time intracellular trehalose content in yeast is developed. It is based on the main metabolic events involved in trehalose biosynthesis, as well as on a differential neural network algorithm to estimate trehalose concentration in the cytoplasm.
Cardiac Stress (Treadmill) Test in the Prediction and Diagnosis of Heart Disease in Hypertensive Persons

Heart disease is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in hypertensive persons. The medical data leads used in cardiac stress test is useful in detection of cardiovascular dysfunction. This test is used for evaluation of heart disease and risk grading with inadequate blood supply by exercise or stress and increased cardiac demands in hypertensive patients. This research was conducted to evaluate cardiac stress test in hypertensive patients with chest pain, diabetes, smoking and pre-family records of heart disease. The result showed that inheritance of hypertension is general and use of tobacco increases risk, and there is need of precaution for persons with hypertensive family records. The observation indicated TMT as predicting factor for heart problems with less expensive diagnostic feature.