Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Latest Trends in Traffic Matrix Modeling and Its Application to Multilayer TE

We survey traffic matrix models, whose elements represent the traffic demand between source-destination pair nodes. Modeling the traffic matrix is useful for multilayer Traffic Engineering (TE) in IP optical networks. Multilayer TE techniques make the network so designed flexible and reliable. This is because it allows reconfiguration of the virtual network topology (VNT), which consists of a set of several lower-layer (optical) paths and is provided to the higher layer, in response to fluctuations (diurnal) in traffic demand. It is, therefore, important to synthetically generate traffic matrices as close to the real ones as possible to maximize the performance of multilayer TE. We compare several models and clarify their applicability to VNT design and control. We find that it is difficult in practice to make an accurate traffic matrix with conventional schemes because of the high cost for data measurement and the complicated calculations involved. To overcome these problems, we newly introduce a simplified traffic matrix model that is practical; it well mirrors real networks. Next, this paper presents our developed server, the IP Optical TE server. It performs multilayer TE in IP optical networks. We evaluate the effectiveness of multilayer TE using our developed IP Optical server and the simplified traffic matrix. We confirm that multilayer TE offers significant CAPEX savings. Similarly, we demonstrate basic traffic control in IP optical networks, and confirm the dynamic control of the network and the feasibility of the IP Optical TE server.
Aquatic toxicity of magnesium sulfate, and the influence of calcium, in very low ionic concentration water

The toxicity of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), and the influence of calcium (Ca), were assessed in very soft freshwater (natural Magela Creek water [NMCW]) using six freshwater species (Chlorella sp., Lemna aequinoctialis, Amerianna cumingi, Moinodaphnia macleayi, Hydra viridissima, and Mogurnda mogurnda). The study involved five stages: toxicity of MgSO4 in NMCW, determination of the toxic ion, influence of Ca on Mg toxicity, toxicity of MgSO4 at an Mg:Ca mass ratio of 9:1, and derivation of water quality guideline values for Mg. The toxicity of MgSO4 was higher than previously reported, with chronic median inhibition concentration (IC50)/acute median lethal concentration (LC50) values ranging from 4 to 1,215 mg/L, as Mg. Experiments exposing the 3 most sensitive species (L. aequinoctialis, H. viridissima, and A. cumingi) to Na2SO4 and MgCl2 confirmed that Mg was the toxic ion. Additionally, Ca was shown to have an ameliorative effect on Mg toxicity. For L. aequinoctialis and H. viridissima, Mg toxicity at the IC50 concentration was eliminated at Mg:Ca (mass) ratios of ≤10:1 and ≤9:1, respectively. For A. cumingi, a 10 to 30% effect persisted at the IC50 concentration at Mg:Ca ratios <9:1. The toxicity of MgSO4 in NMCW at a constant Mg:Ca ratio of 9:1 was lower than at background Ca, with chronic IC50/acute LC50 values from 96 to 4,054 mg/L, as Mg. Water quality guideline values for Mg (to protect 99% of species) at Mg:Ca mass ratios of >9:1 and ≤9:1 were 0.8 and 2.5 mg/L, respectively. Magnesium can be toxic at concentrations approaching natural background levels, but toxicity is dependent on Ca concentrations, with exposure in very low ionic concentration, Ca‐deficient waters posing the greatest risk to aquatic life. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:410–421. Published 2009 SETAC
An updating method for support vector learning

Learning is obtaining an underlying rule by using training data sampled from the environment. In many practical situations in inductive learning algorithms, it is often expected to further improve the generalization capability after the learning process has been completed if new data are available. One of the common approaches is to add training data to the learning algorithm and retrain it, but retraining for each new data point or data set can be very expensive. In view of the learning methods of human beings, it seems natural to build posterior learning results upon prior results. In this paper, we proposed an updating method for support vector machine (SVM). If initial concept would be built up by inductive algorithm, then concept updated is the normal solution corresponding to the initial concept learned. It was shown that concept learned would not change if the new available data located in error-insensitive zone. Especially, concept initially learned and updated by SVR induces an incremental SVR approximately learning method for large scale data. We tested our method on toys data sets and 7 regression bench mark data set. It is shown that generalization capacity after updating with SVR was improved according to FVU or MSE on the independent test set.
Clinical relevance of measurement of antibodies to individual snU1-RNP proteins.

Anti-ribonucleoprotein (RNP) antibodies are found in mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), a syndrome characterized by features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), inflammatory muscle disease, and scleroderma (1). High titers of anti-RNP antibodies support the diagnosis of MCTD, and testing should be ordered when the diagnosis is suspected (2). Anti-RNP antibodies are also found in rheumatic diseases such as SLE, Sjogren syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, polymyositis, and systemic sclerosis (2). The antigens to which anti-RNP antibodies react reside in many proteins (70 kD, protein A, and protein C) complexed with small nuclear U1-RNA. This complex is called small nuclear U1 ribonucleoprotein (snU1-RNP). Similarly, the antigen to which anti-Sm antibodies bind is composed of a complex of proteins (B, B′, D, E, F, and G) and snRNAs (U1, U2, U4–U6, and U5). Anti-Sm antibodies are highly specific for SLE (2). The snRNPs (U1-RNP/Sm) are involved in the splicing of precursor messenger RNA. Traditionally, anti-RNP antibodies have been detected by techniques such as passive hemagglutination, immunodiffusion, counterimmunoelectrophoresis, and ELISA using purified antigen. More recently, recombinant antigens have been used increasingly to identify anti-RNP antibodies, thus allowing identification of antibodies to the individual proteins of the snU1-RNP complex (70 kD, protein …
Human thioredoxin attenuates hypoxia‐reoxygenation injury of murine endothelial cells in a thiol‐free condition

The adult T cell leukemia‐derived factor (ADF), or human thioredoxin (hTRX), has a radical scavenging effect similar to that of N‐acetyl cysteine (NAC). We have recently shown that ADF/hTRX protects the lung and the heart from ischemia‐reperfusion induced injury. To elucidate mechanisms of the protective effect, a hypoxia‐reoxygenation (H‐R) injury model was developed using a murine endothelial cell line, cultured in a thiol‐free medium. In this condition, cells became much more vulnerable to H‐R injury. The viability of cells decreased significantly after 1 h of hypoxic incubation followed by 1 h of reoxygenation. The injury was reduced by ADF/hTRX (100 μM) or NAC (10 mM). These two agents also demonstrated an additive protective effect. When cells were cultured in thiol‐free medium for 2 h in a normoxic condition, intracellular hydrogen peroxide production was increased, which was associated with a decrease in glutathione level. NAC (10 mM) attenuated these changes whereas ADF/hTRX (100 μM) did not. These results suggest that although both ADF/hTRX and NAC protected cells from H‐R injury, the underlying mechanisms are different. Because the cytoprotective effect of ADF/hTRX occurs in the thiol‐free condition, it must be mediated via a novel mechanism other than enhancing thiol uptake. The additive cytoprotective effect between ADF/hTRX and NAC suggests that we should combine these two agents clinically. J. Cell. Physiol. 182:33–40, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Stress Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Compared to Invasive Coronary Angiography With Fractional Flow Reserve Meta-Analysis

Background—Hemodynamically significant coronary artery disease is an important indication for revascularization. Stress myocardial perfusion imaging is a noninvasive alternative to invasive fractional flow reserve for evaluating hemodynamically significant coronary artery disease. The aim was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of myocardial perfusion imaging by single-photon emission computed tomography, echocardiography, MRI, positron emission tomography, and computed tomography compared with invasive coronary angiography with fractional flow reserve for the diagnosis of hemodynamically significant coronary artery disease. Methods and Results—The meta-analysis adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement. PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched until May 2014. Thirty-seven studies, reporting on 4721 vessels and 2048 patients, were included. Meta-analysis yielded pooled sensitivity, pooled specificity, pooled likelihood ratios (LR), pooled diagnostic odds ratio, and summary area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The negative LR (NLR) was chosen as the primary outcome. At the vessel level, MRI (pooled NLR, 0.16; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.13–0.21) was performed similar to computed tomography (pooled NLR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.12–0.39) and positron emission tomography (pooled NLR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.05–0.44), and better than single-photon emission computed tomography (pooled NLR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.37–0.59). At the patient level, MRI (pooled NLR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.10–0.18) performed similar to computed tomography (pooled NLR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.04–0.33) and positron emission tomography (pooled NLR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.02–0.87), and better than single-photon emission computed tomography (pooled NLR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.27–0.55) and echocardiography (pooled NLR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.30–0.59). Conclusions—Stress myocardial perfusion imaging with MRI, computed tomography, or positron emission tomography can accurately rule out hemodynamically significant coronary artery disease and can act as a gatekeeper for invasive revascularization. Single-photon emission computed tomography and echocardiography are less suited for this purpose.
Pretreatment of Cardiac Stem Cells With Exosomes Derived From Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhances Myocardial Repair

Background Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were proved to boost cell proliferation and angiogenic potency. We explored whether cardiac stem cells (CSCs) preconditioned with MSC exosomes could survive and function better in a myocardial infarction model. Methods and Results DiI‐labeled exosomes were internalized with CSCs. They stimulated proliferation, migration, and angiotube formation of CSCs in a dose‐dependent manner. In a rat myocardial infarction model, MSC exosome–preconditioned CSCs had significantly better survival, enhanced capillary density, reduced cardiac fibrosis, and restored long‐term cardiac function. MicroRNA profiling analysis revealed that a set of microRNAs were significantly changed in CSCs after MSC exosome treatment. Conclusions Pretreatment of CSCs with MSC exosomes provided a promising strategy to improve survival and angiogenic potency of CSCs.
Inactivation of Bacillus spores by gaseous ozone.

The sporicidal activity of ozone in the gas phase was investigated. Spores of six strains of Bacillus species deposited on filter paper or glass fibre filter were conditioned at different relative humidities (r.h.), and then exposed to ozone ranging in concentration from 0.5 to 3.0 mg/l at different r.h. There was a lag phase in the initial stage of exposure followed by an exponential decrease in the number of survivors with time, although no lag phase was observed with one strain. Inactivation rates increased with increasing exposure r.h. while no significant inactivation was attained at a r.h. of 50% or below. The conditioning r.h. influenced the duration of the lag phase. The D-values (decimal reduction time) in the logarithmic phase varied roughly in inverse proportion to the ozone concentration.
Smart phones are useful for food intake and physical activity surveys

Current self-report methods of recording food intake and Physical Activity (PA) are cumbersome and inaccurate. Food and activity surveys implemented on a smart phone will allow for immediate entry, data transfer to a researcher, and feedback to the user. Ten subjects followed a script, representative of one day, to enter food intake and PA on a smart phone. In the follow-up report, all subjects were interested in using the tested program to compare food intake with PA to predict weight gain and loss.
A prospective study of exposure to verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli among Canadian children with haemolytic uraemic syndrome

SUMMARY Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) is a leading cause of acute renal failure in childhood. Although infection with Escherichia coli O 157. H7 has been associated with HUS in North America and Europe, only a limited number of studies have examined the role of other verotoxin-producing E. coli (VTEC) serotypes in this condition. To address this issue, we conducted a comprehensive, prospective microbiological study of patients treated for HUS at eight Canadian hospitals in the summer of 1990. Of the 34 consecutive patients with HUS enrolled over 4 months, E. coli 0 157. H7 was isolated from the stools of 26, and other E. coli serotypes were isolated from four patients. In four subjects no pathogenic E. coli serotypes were identified on stool culture. Using oligonucleotide probes specific for VT-1 and VT-2, verotoxin genes were detected in the stool isolates of all patients with E. coli O 157.H7, and from two with other E. coli serotypes. Two other patients had at least a fourfold rise in anti-verotoxin antibodies. Strong evidence of exposure to a verotoxin was present in 30/34 (88%). Patients with E. coli 0 157.H7 infection were more likely to develop an antibody response to VT-2 than to VT-1 (22/22 vs 12/22; P = 0.002). These results further strengthen the association of HUS with verotoxin-producing E. coli in North America, and confirm that E. coli serotypes other than 0 157. H7 are isolated in a small proportion of summertime HUS episodes.
Influence of different peg length in glenoid bone loss: A biomechanical analysis regarding primary stability of the glenoid baseplate in reverse shoulder arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND There is no biomechanical basis to determine the influence of different length of the central peg of the baseplate anchored within the native scapula in glenoid defect reconstruction in cases of degenerative or posttraumatic glenoid bone loss in reversed shoulder arthroplasty. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to analyse the stability of different peg lengths used in glenoid bone loss in reversed shoulder arthroplasty. METHODS Different lengths of metaglene pegs with different depths of peg anchorage performed with or without metaglene screws in sawbone foam blocks were loaded in vertical and horizontal directions for differentiating load capacities. Simulated physiological loadings were then applied to the peg implants to determine the limits of loading in each depth of anchorage. RESULTS The loading capacity of the implant was reduced as less of the peg was anchored. The vertically loaded implants showed a significantly higher stability, in contrast to those loaded horizontally at a corresponding peg length and depth of anchorage (p < 0.05). The tests revealed that the metaglene screws are more essential for primary stability than is the peg particularly in the vertically directed loadings (2/3 anchored: peg contributed to 28% of the stability, 1/3 anchorage: peg contributed to 12%). Under the second test conditions, the lowest depth of peg anchorage (1/3) resulted in 322 Newtons [N] in the long peg with a vertical loading direction, and in 130 N in the long peg with a horizontal loading direction (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The pegs should be anchored as deeply as possible into the native scapula bone stock. The metaglene screws play a major role in the initial stability, in contrast to the peg, and they become more important when the depth of the peg anchorage is reduced. If possible, four metaglene screws should be used in cases of uncontained bone loss to guarantee the highest stability.
What's in a Name: The Power of Fusion Politics in a Local Election

New York State allows minor parties to cross-endorse major party candidates, who can add their votes on multiple party lines to their overall total. In a recent special election to fill a seat in the Nassau County legislature, the winning candidate received 48.5 percent of the vote on the Democratic line, 4.9 percent of the vote on the Working Families Party (WFP) line, and 4.6 percent on the lines of other minor parties. We find that the WFP votes were additional votes for the candidate, and not simply displaced Democratic votes. However, there is not much evidence that votes on the other minor party lines were new votes. We conclude that New York's minor parties have less ability to act as "spoilers" than is commonly believed, and that fusion laws and grassroots campaigning can increase turnout.
Localization of HArep-Containing Genes on the Chromosome of Porphyromonas gingivalis W83

ABSTRACT We have mapped a group of virulence genes of Porphyromonas gingivalis to a single large fragment of the genome. These genes (rgpA, kgp, andhagA) all contain a consensus repeat sequence (HArep). rgpA and kgp encode cysteine proteases with Arg-X and Lys-X specificity, respectively, andhagA encodes a hemagglutinin. Genomic DNA fragments separated by pulse-field gel electrophoresis were blotted and probed in order to localize the genes to a 0.25-Mb NheI fragment of the P. gingivalis W83 genome. Further hybridization analyses with single- and double-restriction digestion allowed us to generate a physical map of the fragment and determine the precise locations of the protease and hemagglutinin genes. In addition, we found an insertion-like sequence, IS195, near the ends of the 0.25-Mb NheI fragment. A similarly sized fragment carrying HArep sequences was also demonstrated in the P. gingivalis W12 and W50 genomes.
The orienting response as novelty and significance detector: reply to O'Gorman.

O'Goiman's (1979) criticisms of the orienting response (OR) significance hypothesis are not well-founded. The hypothesis is not based solely on electrodermal data—studies reporting significance effects for heart rate and pupillary OR are cited. The hypothesis does not discard novelty but suggests that an interaction between uncertainty and significance triggers OR. Differential reactivity across OR components reflects stimulus- and individual-response factors, and does not require separate “significance registers. ” Since the hypothesis specifically maintains that appraisals of stimulus significance affect the OR, not the mere fact of cognitive appraisal per se, no general “cognitive appraisal effect” was ever expected. O'Gorman confuses the difficulty of estimating the subject's spontaneous judgments of significance with the relative ease of manipulating significance in the laboratory. He considers classic OR theory more “objective” only because he fails to look closely enough at the complex judgmental processes involved in stimulus intake, model building, and matching functions. O'Gorman's contentions of different initial- and test-ORs, and of a simple additive relationship between significance and OR, lack supportive data and are challenged by available evidence. Literature is cited suggesting that: a) scanning is continuously biased toward the detection of significant stimuli; b) detection of a sgnificant stimulus feature triggers increased information scanning, increasing the possibility that previously unrecognized uncertainty will be detected, and c) lowers the criterion level of the OR “threshold,” increasing the likelihood of OR if uncertainty is detected. Evidence is cited suggesting that the significance-OR, and perhaps attention in general, is mediated by neocortical-limbic interaction, the limbic' “motivational” evaluator of stimulus input steering and switching neocortical “intellectual” analyzers of stimulus pattern.
Three-Dimensional Breast-Tumor Model Reconstruction Using Multispectral Contour Detection Method

We proposed a three-dimensional (3D) model reconstruction system for breast tumors, which will serve as a diagnostic reference for physicians and also address the shortcomings of the traditional breast needle localization method or other methods reported in previous studies. The proposed system uses multispectral breast magnetic resonance images as input and detects the contour of the tumor in different sections using a developed active contour method-multispectral gradient vector flow snake (MGVFS) method. Thus, the system constructs a 3D model of only the breast tumor and excludes other tissues. To confirm the results obtained with the MGVFS method, we conducted experiments to evaluate its accuracy in contour detection, and compared the results with traditional contour methods. Our results demonstrate that the MGVFS method has the highest accuracy with a correction rate as high as 99.79%.
Comparison of the recoveries of Escherichia coli and total coliforms from drinking water by the MI agar method and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-approved membrane filter method

Drinking water regulations under the Final Coliform Rule require that total coliform-positive drinking water samples be examined for the presence of Escherichia coli or fecal coliforms. The current U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-approved membrane filter (MF) method for E. coli requires two media, an MF transfer, and a total incubation time of 28 h. A newly developed MF method, the MI agar method, containing indoxyl-beta-D-glucuronide and 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside for the simultaneous detection of E. coli and total coliforms, respectively, by means of their specific enzyme reactions, was compared with the approved method by the use of wastewater-spiked tap water samples. Overall, weighted analysis of variance (significance level, 0.05) showed that the new medium recoveries of total coliforms and E. coli were significantly higher than those of mEndo agar and nutrient agar plus MUG (4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide), respectively, and the background counts were significantly lower than those of mEndo agar (< 5%). Generally, the tap water source, overall chlorine level, wastewater source, granular activated carbon treatment of the tap water, and method of grouping data by E. coli count for statistical analysis did not affect the performance of the new medium.
Concentración de mercados, colusión y bienestar social en México. Una revisión metodológica

En este articulo se presenta una critica de la metodologia utilizada en investigaciones previas que intentaron evaluar los efectos sobre el bienestar social derivados de la existencia de empresas con poder de mercado en Mexico. Como resultado de la revision metodologica, se estima el efecto provocado por una colusion hipotetica de los principales competidores de diversos mercados de bienes de consumo, concluyendo que si bien las estimaciones que se obtienen de la perdida social son significativamente inferiores a las obtenidas en esas otras investigaciones, no por ello se demerita la necesidad de fortalecer la aplicacion de la politica de competencia. Por el contrario, al sustentar esta politica en un analisis economico mas objetivo y riguroso, es posible aumentar su confiabilidad y efectividad