Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The regression to right angles tendency and the Poggendorff illusion. I.

The theory was tested that the Poggendorff illusion was due to three tendencies: (i) the regression to the right angle of the angle formed by the transversal with the ‘inducing’ figure, (ii) the tendency to see the transversal as more horizontal or vertical than it is depending upon which coordinate is nearer, and (iii) the tendency, when the ‘inducing’ figure is nearer one of these coordinates, for the transversal to be seen as nearer the other. A regression analysis showed that these tendencies were highly statistically significant and with a constant factor accounted for 93 per cent of the variability of the means for each angle.
What can imaging techniques tell us about orofacial pain ?

Orofacial pain is a major challenge for the clinician treating the patients and the researchers studying the basic mechanisms of pain. The reason for this is mainly due to an interaction between the complex neurophysiology of orofacial pain and the special psychological importance of the trigeminal region. In this article, we will review briefly the basic peripheral and central mechanisms of pain which is necessary in order to appreciate the crucial role of the brain for the perception of pain, including orofacial pain. We will then introduce the brain imaging technique termed positron emission tomography (PET) and discuss the current and possible future role of PET in advancing our basic understanding of pain and its management in the clinical setting. The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defines pain as »an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage« (1). This definition captures the rich complexity of the pain experience, which includes the sensory capacity to localize and identify the physical characteristics of the painful stimulus, the affective (hedonic) component of unpleasantness that is intrinsic to pain, and the emotional and motivational drive that compels somatomotor action and accompanies autonomic and neuroendocrine responses (2, 3). As might be expected, the neural mechanisms activated by noxious stimuli and mediating pain are complex and distributed widely throughout the nervous system. Although each of the components of pain mentioned above is mediated by specialized neural mechanisms, they interact with one another and with other neural systems in important ways that we are just beginning to discover. For example, the perceived intensity of pain can be strongly influenced by previous experience, conditioning, fear, attention, and by other somatic or visceral stimuli. Recent advances in human brain imaging are just now beginning to reveal the brain structures and pathways that are activated during different types of pain and how the activity in these brain regions is modified in a variety of conditions and by different disease states. By learning how the brain processes neural information to produce the sensation of pain, we may be able to develop more effective means of controlling acute and chronic pain.
Feature of Official Website Shop of Fast Fashion Brands

Official website shops of H&M, UNIQLO, and ZARA were investigated focusing on webpage design and displayed apparel items to understand global fast fashion brands’ features and characteristics of corporate branding. Similarities and differences were compared between the three brands based on the visual information of official websites in terms of brand, country, and timeline. As a result, features of global fast fashion brands were summarized in three successes; actively utilizing the information communication technologies, consistently managing online shops in cooperation with street shops, and planning differentiation strategy to eliminate overlap in the brand positioning. Characteristics of corporate branding were found related to the webpage design and composition of apparel items. Specifically, H&M website shops provided more information about stylish dressing for young people’s lifestyle. UNIQLO website shops contained more detail categories and color variations of apparel items, the apparel items were considered for comfortable depending on the climate. ZARA website shops were designed to be chic, simple and monotone, and the number of apparel items was the highest, but each item was available one color.
J an 2 0 0 8 Cosmological Solutions with Torsion in a Model of de Sitter Gauge Theory of Gravity

Chao-Guang Huang, 2, ∗ Hai-Qing Zhang, 3, † and Han-Ying Guo 2, ‡ Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics China at Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China (Dated: January 2008)
Differential Effects of Chronic Testosterone Treatment on the Onset of Puberty in Male Rats

Immature male rats were daily injected with 5 or 10 micrograms testosterone propionate (TP)/100 g b.w. from day 5 after birth through day 30 or through the day at which spermatozoa appeared in preputial smears (SpA). The age and body weight at preputial separation (PS) and SpA as well as the testes weight on the day of SpA were recorded. Reduced testicular weights as compared to the controls injected with oil were found in all experimental groups. Whereas daily injections of 5 micrograms TP/100 g b.w. did not alter the age and body weight at PS and SpA, administration of the higher TP dose from day 5 through day 30 resulted in highly significant delay of PS and SpA. This effect was almost completely abolished if treatment was continued to the day of SpA. In otherwise untreated males, however, injections of 10 micrograms TP/100 g b.w. from day 30 through the day of SpA did not advance the spontaneous onset of puberty. The findings suggest that slight elevation of the circulating testosterone level during infancy causes impairment of testicular functions resulting in retardation of spermatogenesis and, presumedly, long-lasting reduction of testosterone secretion. The effect can be abolished by substitution of testosterone during the late prepubertal phase, but spontaneous sexual maturation can probably not be accelerated in this way.
Combined influence of Soret and Dufour effects on unsteady hydromagnetic mixed convective flow in an accelerated vertical wavy plate through a porous medium Research

The combined effects of Soret and Dufour on an unsteady mixed convection magnetohydrodynamics heat and mass transfer flow in an accelerated vertical wavy plate embedded in a porous medium considering thermal radiation, heat generation, and chemical reaction have been investigated. The momentum, energy and mass diffusion equations are coupled non-linear partial differential equations, which are solved by applying finite difference method using symbolic software MATLAB “bvp4c”. The features of the fluid flow, heat and mass transfer characteristics are analyzed by plotting graphs and the physical aspects are discussed in detail to interpret the effects of significant parameters of the problem. Comparison of numerical results is made with the previous published results under limiting cases and found to be in good agreement. MSC: 35Q79 • 65M06
Facilitating the use of non‐standard in vivo studies in health risk assessment of chemicals: a proposal to improve evaluation criteria and reporting

To improve data availability in health risk assessment of chemicals and fill information gaps there is a need to facilitate the use of non‐standard toxicity studies, i.e. studies not conducted according to any standardized toxicity test guidelines. The purpose of this work was to propose criteria and guidance for the evaluation of reliability and relevance of non‐standard in vivo studies, which could be used to facilitate systematic and transparent evaluation of such studies for health risk assessment. Another aim was to propose user friendly guidance for reporting of non‐standard studies intended to promote an improvement in reporting of studies that could be of use in risk assessment. Requirements and recommendations for the design and execution of in vivo toxicity studies were identified from The Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) test guidelines, and served as basis for the data evaluation criteria and reporting guidelines. Feedback was also collected from experts within the field of toxicity testing and risk assessment and used to construct a two‐tiered framework for study evaluation, as well as refine the reporting guidelines. The proposed framework emphasizes the importance of study relevance and an important aspect is to not completely dismiss studies from health risk assessment based on very strict criteria for reliability. The suggested reporting guidelines provide researchers with a tool to fulfill reporting requirements as stated by regulatory agencies. Together, these resources provide an approach to include all relevant data that may fill information gaps and reduce scientific uncertainty in health risk assessment conclusions, and subsequently also in chemical policy decisions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A RESEARCH ON EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION TECHNIQUES IN OPTIMAL POWER FLOW SOLUTION

Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem is basically a network analysis challenge and the main objective of this challenge is to plan and to predict the undesirable situations that may arise by adding various assumptions to the account. This challenge can be solved using well-known numerical approaches, however these include derivatives and the solution of them is relatively difficult. Large number of variety of constraints and nonlinearity of mathematical models OPF poses a big challenge for the mathematicians as well as for engineers in obtaining optimum solutions. However, the Evolutionary Computation (EC) based optimization algorithms provide more easy solutions for OPF at present. In this study, the most used EC based algorithms and their applications on OPF are reviewed and also some unused EC based algorithms for OPF are also presented.
Community Based Comprehensive Recovery Grant Agreement N o 313308 D 2 . 3 : Development of the COBACORE Data Framework

The Community Based Comprehensive Recovery (COBACORE) platform is intended to facilitate enhanced communication flows between the professional responder community, the affected community, and volunteer responders in order to enhance situational awareness, inform and guide response planning, and ensure more effective co-ordination of the activities of the volunteer responder community. The mobilization, coordination and efficient capture of data from affected communities remain a largely untapped resource within crisis response. Subsequently, the information framework, designed and developed for the COBACORE platform, provides the ability to not only capture the needs and capacities across affected communities but also to improve subsequent activity generation through the application of semantic modeling to conduct inferencebased matching of needs and capacities from the underlying communities. This paper provides a brief overview of the core concepts and associated ontology underpinning the semantic modeling facet of the COBACORE platform.
Prophylactic McCall Culdoplasty by a Vaginal Approach during Mini-Laparoscopic Hysterectomy

Background In gynecological surgery, one particular area of concern after hysterectomy is the risk of developing an enterocele or vaginal apical prolapse. The aims of this study were to evaluate the safety and efficacy of prophylactic McCall culdoplasty (MC) performed during mini-total laparoscopic hysterectomy (mini-TLH), as well as to compare the differences in apical support, total vaginal length (TVL), and sexual function at one and two years postoperatively. Methods Data were retrospectively reviewed for all women who underwent mini-TLH and mini-TLH + MC at a tertiary care center between August 2012 and January 2016 were from the hospital database. There were 18 women who underwent mini-TLH + MC and were considered as the study group, while 20 women who were treated with mini-TLH were considered as the control group. The primary outcome measures were the differences in apical support and TVL and impact on sexual function. Results After mini-TLH + MC, the apical vaginal support difference was improved by 2.2 cm. The mean difference in C point was 1.03 cm in the mini-TLH group, which was not significant at two years after the operation. The vaginal vault descent at two years after operation was more prominent in the mini-TLH group than the mini-TLH + MC groups. Apical support changes at two years after the operation were more prominent in the mini-TLH group (0.5 ± 0.6 cm) than the mini-TLH + MC group (1.9 ± 1.2 cm). Conclusion Prophylactic MC by a vaginal approach during mini-TLH is safe, satisfactory, and efficient for apical support without severe morbidity.
The pH dependency of the boron isotopic composition of diatom opal (Thalassiosira weissflogii)

Abstract. The high-latitude oceans are key areas of carbon and heat exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean. As such, they are a focus of both modern oceanographic and palaeoclimate research. However, most palaeoclimate proxies that could provide a long-term perspective are based on calcareous organisms, such as foraminifera, that are scarce or entirely absent in deep-sea sediments south of 50∘ S in the Southern Ocean and north of 40∘ N in the North Pacific. As a result, proxies need to be developed for the opal-based organisms (e.g. diatoms) found at these high latitudes, which dominate the biogenic sediments recovered from these regions. Here we present a method for the analysis of the boron (B) content and isotopic composition (δ11B) of diatom opal. We apply it for the first time to evaluate the relationship between seawater pH, δ11B and B concentration ([B]) in the frustules of the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii, cultured across a range of carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2) and pH values. In agreement with existing data, we find that the [B] of the cultured diatom frustules increases with increasing pH (Mejía et al., 2013). δ11B shows a relatively well defined negative trend with increasing pH, completely distinct from any other biomineral previously measured. This relationship not only has implications for the magnitude of the isotopic fractionation that occurs during boron incorporation into opal, but also allows us to explore the potential of the boron-based proxies for palaeo-pH and palaeo-CO2 reconstruction in high-latitude marine sediments that have, up until now, eluded study due to the lack of suitable carbonate material.
A Load-Adaptive Class-G Headphone Amplifier With Supply-Rejection Bandwidth Enhancement Technique

This paper presents a load-adaptive Class-G headphone amplifier to improve the power efficiency for different headphone impedances. For an impedance value, the amplifier utilizes two techniques, voltage rails selection and Class-G switching activity control, to reduce the power dissipation of the amplifier and the power loss of a Class-G power generator, respectively. In addition, a supply-rejection bandwidth enhancement technique for the Class-AB output stage is proposed to suppress the out-of-band noise by the Class-G supply rails switching. Compared with the conventional fixed 2-level Class-G amplifier, the integrated 0.18 μm CMOS amplifier improves the total-path efficiency to 37% from 31% (1.45 mA current can be saved from a 1.8 V supply) while delivering 5 mW into a 16 Ω. The PSRR of the amplifier is 130 dB at 217 Hz and is still larger than 100 dB up to 20 kHz. Finally, the decoder and amplifier together achieve 108 dB DR and 95 dB SNDR with a 16 Ω headphone load.
Both NOR and NAND Embedded Hybrid Flash for S-SIM Application Using 90 nm Process Technology

We have firstly demonstrated a hybrid flash including both NOR and NAND cell in a single chip using 90 nm logic technology for S-SIM (Super-Subscriber Identity Module) application. The memory sizes are 16 MB NAND and 768 kB NOR flash, respectively. The flash memory cells exhibited over 10 k-cycle endurance and 10-year retention for the successful smart card application.
A Rank-Two Feasible Direction Algorithm for the Binary Quadratic Programming

Based on the semidefinite programming relaxation of the binary quadratic programming, a rank-two feasible direction algorithm is presented. The proposed algorithm restricts the rank of matrix variable to be two in the semidefinite programming relaxation and yields a quadratic objective function with simple quadratic constraints. A feasible direction algorithm is used to solve the nonlinear programming. The convergent analysis and time complexity of the method is given. Coupled with randomized algorithm, a suboptimal solution is obtained for the binary quadratic programming. At last, we report some numerical examples to compare our algorithm with randomized algorithm based on the interior point method and the feasible direction algorithm on max-cut problem. Simulation results have shown that our method is faster than the other two methods.
Metformin improves performance in high‐intensity exercise, but not anaerobic capacity in healthy male subjects

The aim of this study was to determine the ergogenic effects of metformin in high‐intensity exercise, as well as its effects on anaerobic capacity, in healthy and physically active men. Ten subjects (mean (± standard deviation) maximal oxygen uptake ( V˙O2max) 38.6 ± 4.5 mL/kg per min) performed the following tests in a cycle ergometer: (i) an incremental test; (ii) six submaximal constant workload tests at 40%–90% ( V˙O2max); and (iii) two supramaximal tests (110% ( V˙O2max). Metformin (500 mg) or placebo was ingested 60 min before the supramaximal test. There were no significant differences between the placebo and metformin groups in terms of maximum accumulated oxygen deficit (2.8 ± 0.6 vs 3.0 ± 0.8 L, respectively; P = 0.08), lactate concentrations (7.8 ± 2.6 vs 7.5 ± 3.0 mmol/L, respectively; P = 0.75) or O2 consumed in either the last 30 s of exercise (40.4 ± 4.4 vs 39.9 ± 4.0 mL/kg per min, respectively; P = 0.35) or the first 110 s of exercise (29.0 ± 2.5 vs 29.5 ± 3.0 mL/kg per min, respectively; P = 0.42). Time to exhaustion was significantly higher after metformin than placebo ingestion (191 ± 33 vs 167 ± 32 s, respectively; P = 0.001). The fast component of V˙O2 recovery was higher in the metformin than placebo group (12.71 vs 12.18 mL/kg per min, respectively; P = 0.025). Metformin improved performance and anaerobic alactic contribution during high‐intensity exercise, but had no effect on overall anaerobic capacity in healthy subjects.
de travail WP 2018-Nr 20 Managing Competition on a Two-Sided Platform

On many two-sided platforms, users on one side not only care about user participation and usage levels on the other side, but they also care about participation and usage of fellow users on the same side. Most prominent is the degree of seller competition on a platform catering to buyers and sellers. In this paper, we address how seller competition a¤ects platform pricing, product variety, and the number of platforms that carry trade. Keywords: Network e¤ects, two-sided markets, platform competition, intermediation, pricing, imperfect competition JEL-Classi cation: D43, L13, L86 We would like to thank Markus Reisinger and Julian Wright for helpful suggestions. Martin Peitz gratefully acknowledges funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through CRC TR 224. yAix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, EHESS, Centrale Marseille, AMSE; Paul.Belleamme@univ-amu.fr. Other a¢ liations: KEDGE Business School and CESifo. zDepartment of Economics and MaCCI, University of Mannheim, 68131 Mannheim, Germany, Martin.Peitz@gmail.com. Other a¢ liations: CEPR, CESifo, and ZEW.
Pathology of small hepatocellular carcinoma. A proposal for a new gross classification

Review of 61 surgically resected small hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) less than or equal to 3 cm in diameter yielded a simple gross classification system of five types based on tumor shape, which is highly correlated with microscopic and clinical features, including prognosis. Type 1 (single nodular type) tumors (n = 13) are expansile, roughly spheric, and often encapsulated. In Type 2 tumors (single nodular type with extranodular growth) (n = 21), replacing growth is often seen in the area of extranodular growth. Type 3 tumors (contiguous multinodular type) (n = 19) consist of small nodules growing in contiguity, often with replacing growth at the periphery. Type 4 (poorly demarcated nodular type) is a rare tumor showing infiltrating growth at its border. The authors define early HCC (n = 5) as the presence of tumor without destruction of the underlying liver structure. The lesions experienced are tiny (≤1.2 cm) and well differentiated. Poorly differentiated histologic characteristics and elevated alpha fetoprotein are more common in Types 2 and 3 than in Type 1. Type 1 has the highest rates of positive serum hepatitis B surface antigen and liver cirrhosis; portal vein tumor thrombus (PT) and/or intrahepatic metastasis (IM) is rare (7.7%), and the effect of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) is remarkable. This contrasts with Type 2, which has a high rate of PT and/or IM (71.4%) and multiple local recurrences (40%), and with Type 3, which shows a poor response to TAE.
META-HEURISTICS APPLICATION TO OPTIMISE BALL BEARINGS DYNAMICAL LOAD RATINGS AND RATING LIFE

Rezime: Primenom metaheuristika, razvijen je novi metod za optimizaciju dinamičke izdržljivosti i radnog veka kod ležaja u funkciji 10 različitih parametara. Cilj istraživanja je bio utvrđivanje parametara koji imaju najveći uticaj na postizanje maksimalnog radnog veka. Upoređeni su rezultati za tri metaheuristike i dobijena su poboljšanja u odnosu na vrednosti iz kataloga. Ključne reči: Kontinualna optimizacija, Unutrašnja geometrija ležaja, ISO standard, Genetski algoritmi, Lokalno pretraživanje. Abstract: A new method for optimisation of dynamical load ratings and rating life, as a function of 10 different parameters, of rolling bearings was developed using meta-heuristics. The aim of this research was to determine which parameters have the largest influence on achieving the maximum working life. The results obtained with three meta-heuristic methods are compared and the improvement, with respect to the catalogue values, is achieved.
EFFECT OF GLASS FIBER ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND DE-ICING SALT SCALING RESISTANCE OF DECORATIVE SELF-CONSOLIDATING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS

In the recent years cement composites are highly rated amongst architects because of their sculptural qualities and interesting textures. Self-consolidating cementitious materials (SCCM) is a fluid mixture suitable for placing in complex casts without vibration. One of the most important properties regarding the design and the durability of cement composites is shrinkage which seems to be increased for SCCM. The use of fiber reduces cracking and improves the impact resistance and durability. This research focuses on the development of SCCM reinforced with glass fiber and shows the advantages of using it in making complex geometric shapes and homogeneous textures. Four SCCM mixtures were prepared containing 0, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 percent of 6 mm long glass fiber (with aspect ratio of 150). In the experiments, both visual rating and total mass of the scaling residue of glass fiber reinforced SCCM according to ASTM C 672 were considered. Compression and water absorption tests were carried out to assess the safety of these decorative concrete elements. Beside, the rheological properties of fresh glass fiber reinforced SCCMs were investigated by mini-slump test. Results show that the deicer-scaling resistance of decorative self-consolidating cementitious materials is decreased by the addition of glass fiber. In addition, the compressive strength of specimen is not decreased by the addition of optimum amount fibers without any signs of fiber balling or fiber clumping in the fresh mixtures.