Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sculpt, Deploy, Repeat: Fast Prototyping of Interactive Physical Objects

Building a deployable PhysiComp that merges form and function typically involves a significant investment of time and skill in digital electronics, 3D modeling and mechanical design. We aim to help designers quickly create prototypes by removing technical barriers in that process. Other methods for constructing PhysiComp prototypes either lack fidelity in representing shape and function or are confined to use in the studio next to a workstation, camera or projector system. Software 3D CAD tools can be used to design the shape but do not provide immediate tactile feedback on fit and feel. In this work, sculpting around 3D printed replicas of electronics combines electronics and form in a fluid design environment. The sculptures are scanned, modified for assembly and then printed on a 3D printer. Using this process, functional prototypes can be created with about 4 hours of focused effort over a day and a half with most of that time spent waiting for the 3D printer. The process lends itself to concurrent exploration of several designs and to rapid iteration. This allows the design process to converge quickly to a PhysiComp that is comfortable and useful.
Cognitive Changes and the Emergence of Modern Humans in Europe

Explicitly symbolic behaviour is usually seen as the hallmark of the behavioural transition from the Middle to the Upper Palaeolithic in Europe. It is suggested here that this new symbolic component is reflected not only in art and personal ornamentation, but also in the design and form of stone tools, and perhaps also in features such as the organization of living structures. All these new features could be argued to reflect the emergence of typically Upper Palaeolithic ‘culture’ and technology. Whether these features can be correlated directly with the transition from archaic to modern skeletal forms remains more problematic; and whether the changes need reflect any significant shift in the neurological capacities for behaviour and cognition is equally controversial.
Erionite exposure in North Dakota and Turkish villages with mesothelioma

Exposure to erionite, an asbestos-like mineral, causes unprecedented rates of malignant mesothelioma (MM) mortality in some Turkish villages. Erionite deposits are present in at least 12 US states. We investigated whether increased urban development has led to erionite exposure in the United States and after preliminary exploration, focused our studies on Dunn County, North Dakota (ND). In Dunn County, ND, we discovered that over the past three decades, more than 300 miles of roads were surfaced with erionite-containing gravel. To determine potential health implications, we compared erionite from the Turkish villages to that from ND. Our study evaluated airborne point exposure concentrations, examined the physical and chemical properties of erionite, and examined the hallmarks of mesothelial cell transformation in vitro and in vivo. Airborne erionite concentrations measured in ND along roadsides, indoors, and inside vehicles, including school buses, equaled or exceeded concentrations in Boyali, where 6.25% of all deaths are caused by MM. With the exception of outdoor samples along roadsides, ND concentrations were lower than those measured in Turkish villages with MM mortality ranging from 20 to 50%. The physical and chemical properties of erionite from Turkey and ND are very similar and they showed identical biological activities. Considering the known 30- to 60-y latency for MM development, there is reason for concern for increased risk in ND in the future. Our findings indicate that implementation of novel preventive and early detection programs in ND and other erionite-rich areas of the United States, similar to efforts currently being undertaken in Turkey, is warranted.
Chronic Latent Infections of Birds with Western Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus.∗

Summary Western equine encephalomyelitis virus was isolated from tissues of 8 of 284 birds at intervals of 1 to 10 months after experimental infection. Isolations were from Brewer's blackbird, cowbird, tricolored blackbird, house finch and English sparrow. Positive tissues were blood, spleen, liver, lung, brain and gall bladder. The potential importance of birds as long-term reservoirs of virus and sources of vector infection should be determined.
Relationships between family dynamics of Finnish child-rearing families, factors causing strain and received support.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between family dynamics, the factors causing strain on child-rearing parents and the support available to families from public health nurses. Family dynamics was defined as the family's unique way of functioning and was conceptualized by means of six different dimensions. Questionnaires were sent to 118 families, and of these 85 mothers and 79 fathers participated in the study. According to the findings the majority of parents involved in bringing up children aged 3-4 years assessed their families to be well-functioning. There was a correlation between a low level of factors causing strain on the family and a positive evaluation of family dynamics based on the various dimensions. According to the mothers the support, i.e. emotional, appraisal and instrumental support, received from public health nurses, along with a small number of strain-causing factors on the partner relationship, correlated well with their positive assessments of the mutuality and flexibility of their families.
Nasal septal and craniofacial form in European‐ and African‐derived populations

As a component of the chondrocranium, the nasal septum influences the anteroposterior dimensions of the facial skeleton. The role of the septum as a facial growth center, however, has been studied primarily in long‐snouted mammals, and its precise influence on human facial growth is not as well understood. Whereas the nasal septum may be important in the anterior growth of the human facial skeleton early in ontogeny, the high incidence of nasal septal deviation in humans suggests the septum’s influence on human facial length is limited to the early phases of facial growth. Nevertheless, the nasal septum follows a growth trajectory similar to the facial skeleton and, as such, its prolonged period of growth may influence other aspects of facial development. Using computed tomography scans of living human subjects (n = 70), the goal of the present study is to assess the morphological relationship between the nasal septum and facial skeleton in European‐ and African‐derived populations, which have been shown to exhibit early developmental differences in the nasal septal–premaxillary complex. First we assessed whether there is population variation in the size of the nasal septum in European‐ and African‐derived samples. This included an evaluation of septal deviation and the spatial constraints that influence variation in this condition. Next, we assessed the relationship between nasal septal size and craniofacial shape using multivariate regression techniques. Our results indicate that there is significant population variation in septal size and magnitude of septal deviation, both of which are greater in the European‐derived sample. While septal deviation suggests a disjunction between the nasal septum and other components of the facial skeleton, we nevertheless found a significant relationship between the size of the nasal septum and craniofacial shape, which appears to largely be a response to the need to accommodate variation in nasal septal size.
Pregnancy after treatment of breast cancer – A population-based study on behalf of Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group

Background. Estrogen is an established growth factor in breast cancer and it has been hypothesized that pregnancy associated estrogens may increase the risk of recurrence of breast cancer. In 1997 we published a population-based Danish study indicating no negative prognostic effect of pregnancy after breast cancer treatment. The present study is a ten-year update. Material and Methods. Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group has since 1977 collected population-based data on tumour characteristics, treatment regimes, and follow-up status on Danish women with breast cancer. Pregnancy history was added from the Danish Civil Registration System, the National Birth Registry, and the National Induced Abortion registry. Cox regression was used to estimate the risk ratio of dying among women with a pregnancy after breast cancer treatment compared with women without such experience. Results. In all, 10 236 women with primary breast cancer aged 45 years or less at the time of diagnosis were followed for 95 616 person years. Among these, 371 women experienced pregnancy after treatment of breast cancer. In a multivariate analysis that included age at diagnosis, stage of disease, and pregnancy history prior to diagnosis, women who had a full-term pregnancy subsequent to breast cancer treatment were found to have a reduced risk of dying (relative risk: 0.73; 95% confidence interval: 0.54–0.99) compared with other women with breast cancer. The effect was not significantly modified by age at diagnosis, tumour size, nodal status, or pregnancy history before diagnosis of breast cancer. Neither spontaneous abortions nor induced abortions subsequent to breast cancer treatment had a negative impact on prognosis. Conclusion. In line with our previous study, but based on more than twice the patient material, we found no evidence that a pregnancy after treatment of breast cancer has a negative influence the prognosis.
Migration of Cell Broadband Engine from 65nm SOI to 45nm SOI

This paper describe the challenges of migrating the Cell Broadband Engine (Cell BE) design from a 65 nm SOI to a 45 nm twin-well CMOS technology on SOI with low-k dielectrics and copper metal layers using a mostly automated approach. A die micrograph of the 45 nm Cell BE is described here. The cycle-by-cycle machine behavior is preserved. The focuses are automated migration, power reduction, area reduction, and DFM improvements. The chip power is reduced by roughly 40% and the chip area is reduced by 34%.
2,4-Dibromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl acetate

In the title compound, C11H10Br2O2, the cyclopentene ring fused to the benzene ring adopts an envelope conformation, with the C atom attached to the Br atom as the flap. The crystal structure does not exhibit any classical hydrogen bonds. The molecular packing is stabilized by van der Waals forces and π–π stacking interactions with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.811 (4) Å.
Bioactive Natural Constituents from Food Sources—Potential Use in Hypertension Prevention and Treatment

Prevention and management of hypertension are the major public health challenges worldwide. Uncontrolled high blood pressure may lead to a shortened life expectancy and a higher morbidity due to a high risk of cardiovascular complications such as coronary heart disease (which leads to heart attack) and stroke, congestive heart failure, heart rhythm irregularities, and kidney failure etc. In recent years, it has been recognized that many dietary constituents may contribute to human cardiovascular health. There has been an increased focus on identifying these natural components of foods, describing their physiological activities and mechanisms of actions. Grain, vegetables, fruits, milk, cheese, meat, chicken, egg, fish, soybean, tea, wine, mushrooms, and lactic acid bacteria are various food sources with potential antihypertensive effects. Their main bioactive constituents include angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides, vitamins C and E, flavonoids, flavanols, cathecins, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, polyphenols, tannins, resveratrol, polysaccharides, fiber, saponin, sterols, as well as K, Ca, and P. They may reduce blood pressure by different mechanisms, such as ACE inhibition effect, antioxidant, vasodilatory, opiate-like, Ca2+ channel blocking, and chymase inhibitory activities. These functional foods may provide new therapeutic applications for hypertension prevention and treatment, and contribute to a healthy cardiovascular population. The present review summarizes the antihypertensive food sources and their bioactive constituents, as well as physiological mechanisms of dietary products, especially focusing on ACE inhibitory activity.
Imaging , Diagnosis , Prognosis DNA Repair Protein Biomarkers Associated with Time to Recurrence in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Purpose: To evaluate the prognostic utility of immunohistochemical assessment of key proteins in multiple DNA repair pathways in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC; estrogen receptor negative, progesterone receptor negative, and HER2/neu negative by immunohistochemistry). Experimental Design: Archived clinically annotated tumor specimens from 112 women with TNBC were immunostained with antibodies against DNA repair proteins and scored using digital image analysis. The cohort was divided into training and test sets for development of a multiantibody model. Scores were combined with clinical data to assess association with outcome. Results: Low XPF (P1⁄4 0.005), pMK2 (P1⁄4 0.01), MLH; P1⁄4 0.002), and FANCD2 (P1⁄4 0.001) were each associated with shorter time to recurrence (TTR) in univariate analysis. A 4-antibody model could segregate high-risk and low-risk groups on the basis of TTR in both the training (relative risk [RR] 1⁄4 3.52; P 1⁄4 9.05E-07) and test (RR 2.67; P 1⁄4 0.019) cohorts. Conclusions:DNA repair proteinsmay be useful as prognostic markers in TNBC. Further study in larger, uniformly treated cohorts with additional clinical parameters is warranted. Clin Cancer Res; 16(23); 5796–804.
ADAPTIVE BETA CELL PROLIFERATION IS SEVERELY RESTRICTED WITH ADVANCED AGE

This is an uncopyedited electronic version of an article accepted for publication in Diabetes. The American Diabetes Association, publisher of Diabetes, is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it by third parties. The definitive publisher-authenticated version will be available in a future issue of Diabetes in print and online at http://diabetes.diabetesjournals. org. Diabetes Publish Ahead of Print, published online March 5, 2009
Biochemical characterization of avirulent exoC mutants of Agrobacterium tumefaciens

The synthesis of periplasmic beta(1-2)glucan is required for crown gall tumor formation by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and for effective nodulation of alfalfa by Rhizobium meliloti. The exoC (pscA) gene is required for this synthesis by both bacteria as well as for the synthesis of capsular polysaccharide and normal lipopolysaccharide. We tested the possibility that the pleiotropic ExoC phenotype is due to a defect in the synthesis of an intermediate common to several polysaccharide biosynthetic pathways. Cytoplasmic extracts from wild-type A. tumefaciens and from exoC mutants of A. tumefaciens containing a cloned wild-type exoC gene synthesized in vitro UDP-glucose from glucose, glucose 1-phosphate, and glucose 6-phosphate. Extracts from exoC mutants synthesized UDP-glucose from glucose 1-phosphate but not from glucose or glucose 6-phosphate. Membranes from exoC mutant cells synthesized beta(1-2)glucan in vitro when exogenous UDP-glucose was added and contained the 235-kilodalton protein, which has been shown to carry out this synthesis in wild-type cells. We conclude that the inability of exoC mutants to synthesize beta(1-2)glucan is due to a deficiency in the activity of the enzyme phosphoglucomutase (EC 2.7.5.1), which in wild-type bacteria converts glucose 6-phosphate to glucose 1-phosphate, an intermediate in the synthesis of UDP-glucose. This interpretation can account for all of the deficiencies in polysaccharide synthesis which have been observed in these mutants.
Serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as a marker of acute kidney injury in critically ill children with septic shock

Objective:To validate serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as an early biomarker for acute kidney injury in critically ill children with septic shock. Design:Observational cohort study. Setting:Fifteen North American pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). Patients:A total of 143 critically ill children with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) or septic shock and 25 healthy controls. Interventions:None. Measurements and Main Results:Serum NGAL was measured during the first 24 hrs of admission to the PICU. Acute kidney injury was defined as a blood urea nitrogen concentration >100 mg/dL, serum creatinine >2 mg/dL in the absence of preexisting renal disease, or the need for dialysis. There was a significant difference in serum NGAL between healthy children (median 80 ng/mL, interquartile ratio [IQR] 55.5–85.5 ng/mL), critically ill children with SIRS (median 107.5 ng/mL, IQR 89–178.5 ng/mL), and critically ill children with septic shock (median 302 ng/mL, IQR 151–570 ng/mL; p < .001). Acute kidney injury developed in 22 of 143 (15.4%) critically ill children. Serum NGAL was significantly increased in critically ill children with acute kidney injury (median 355 ng/mL, IQR 166–1322 ng/mL) compared with those without acute kidney injury (median 186 ng/mL, IQR 98–365 ng/mL; p = .009). Conclusions:Serum NGAL is a highly sensitive but nonspecific predictor of acute kidney injury in critically ill children with septic shock. Further validation of serum NGAL as a biomarker of acute kidney injury in this population is warranted.
GaAs MMIC pHEMT gate metal thermometry

A thermal resistance measurement technique which exploits the thermal response of a GaAs pHEMT's gate metal resistance is examined. It is found that gate leakage (hole) current due to impact ionization can interfere with the measurement, but can be avoided with correct choice of bias. Measurements and thermal simulations conclude that the bias dependence of the channel heat source profile needs to be considered to improve the accuracy of channel temperature estimation.
Relative Efficacy of Heparin and Related Glycosaminoglycans as Antithrombotic Drugs

In a standardized animal model, unfractionated heparin (UFH) prevents venous thrombogenesis at a dose of 80 micrograms/kg. Oligosaccharide fragments of heparin, with very high anti-Xa activity both in vitro and in ex vivo plasma samples were less effective than UFH in preventing thrombosis. A decasaccharide fragment was virtually inactive in impairing thrombosis at this dose, although a 20-22 monosaccharide fragment showed some impairment. Dermatan sulfate, which has no anti-factor Xa activity, partially impairs both thrombin generation and stasis thrombosis. However, dermatan sulfate could not suppress thrombin generation below about 35% of control at the doses studied. Neither oligosaccharides nor dermatan sulfate were as effective on a weight basis as UFH in impairing thrombosis, particularly after 20 minutes' stasus. Maximal antithrombotic effects are achieved when both factor Xa and thrombin are inhibited. Drugs which act primarily on factor Xa (oligosaccharides) or thrombin by non-ATIII pathways (dermatan sulfate) are less efficient than UFH as antithrombotic drugs.
Novelty Effects of New Facilities on Attendance at Professional Sporting Events

We investigate the effect of new facilities on attendance in professional baseball, basketball, and football from 1969 to 2001. We find a strong, persistent effect in baseball and basketball, and little effect in football. Size and duration estimates imply that baseball teams sell 2,500,794 additional tickets over the first eight seasons, basketball teams 293,878 over the first nine seasons, and football teams 137,792 over the first five seasons, implying an increase in revenues that could defray public subsidies that state and local governments provide for new sports construction projects. Rough calculations suggest that stadium subsidies are an inefficient method of subsidizing professional sports franchises. (JEL R39, D12, L83)
Viability, morbidity, and resource use among newborns of 501- to 800-g birth weight. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network.

OBJECTIVES To assess risk factors affecting viability and analyze the effects of mechanical ventilation (MV) on neonatal outcome and resource use among extremely premature infants. DESIGN Inception cohort study. SETTING Neonatal intensive care units of the 12-center National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1126 infants with a birth weight of 501 to 800 g born in network centers between January 1, 1994, and December 31, 1995. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Observed survival; maximum estimated survival (assuming the same survival among infants who died without MV as among infants in the same risk category who received MV); observed and maximum estimated survival without severe brain injury (either interventricular echodensity with ventricular dilation or parenchymal echodensity); hospital stay; resource investment. RESULTS Overall mortality was 43%; mortality in infants without MV was 93%. A total of 15% of all the infants died without MV. Females, small-for-gestational-age infants, and infants whose mothers received antenatal steroids had an advantage in survival with MV equivalent to an increase in birth weight of 90 g, 57 g, and 67 g, respectively. The corresponding advantage of these infants in survival without severe brain injury was 107 g, 97 g, and 64 g, respectively. Females in the lowest birth-weight group were more likely to die without MV than were larger males with a similar estimated likelihood of survival with MV. Mean hospital stay was 115 days for the survivors, values much greater than the 17.9-day standard for 501- to 800-g survivors under the diagnosis related group system. Resource investment was considerable (127 hospital days per survivor and 148 days per survivor without severe brain injury), but, like outcome, varied markedly between risk categories. Had MV been used for all infants who died, we estimate a substantial increase in resource use and a maximum of 8 additional survivors (no more than 6 without severe brain injury per 100 infants with a birth weight of 501 to 800 g. CONCLUSIONS Although recommendations to initiate or forgo MV for extremely premature infants have often focused on 1 factor (birth weight or gestational age), multiple factors should be considered. Other factors being equal, our analyses support use of MV for females at a minimum birth weight approximately 100 g lower than that for males. The current diagnosis related group reimbursement system can be expected to compromise resources for 501- to 800-g infants who would benefit from MV. Such care entails considerable resource use, although the cost per life-year gained is likely to be considerably less than that for many adults given intensive care. Our findings can be used to facilitate more appropriate treatment decisions, determine adequate resources, and better inform the debate about the benefits and burdens of intensive care for extremely premature newborns.
Experience with synchronous and slip ring induction motors driving cement mills

The ball mill is the largest single power consumer in a cement plant. In recent applications 11,500 hp and larger drives have been installed. It is essential that with such large loads all aspects of the application are subject to evaluations that reflect the best available technology and operating practices. This paper examines the factors which influence the selection process: the type of load and its characteristics, the requirements of the motor and power system. Recent experiences with operating synchronous and slip ring induction motors are discussed.