Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Herpes simplex viruses lacking glycoprotein D are unable to inhibit virus penetration: quantitative evidence for virus-specific cell surface receptors

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) glycoprotein D (gD) plays an essential role in the entry of virus into cells. HSV mutants unable to express gD were constructed. The mutants can be propagated on VD60 cells, which supply the viruses with gD; however, virus particles lacking gD were produced in mutant-infected Vero cells. Virus particles with or without gD adsorbed to a large number (greater than 4 x 10(4] of sites on the cell surface; however, virions lacking gD did not enter cells. Cells pretreated with UV-inactivated virions containing gD (approximately 5 x 10(3) particles per cell) were resistant to infection with HSV type 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2. In contrast, cells pretreated with UV-inactivated virions lacking gD could be infected with HSV-1 and HSV-2. If infectious HSV-1 was added prior to UV-inactivated virus particles containing gD, the infectious virus entered cells and replicated. Therefore, virus particles containing gD appear to block specific cell surface receptors which are very limited in number. Particles lacking gD are presumably unable to interact with these receptors, suggesting that gD is an essential receptor-binding polypeptide.
Evaluation of a System for Transcutaneous Long-Term Capnometry

Background: The measurement of CO<sub>2</sub> partial pressure (PCO<sub>2</sub>) is of great importance. Former systems of transcutaneous capnometry combining the measurement of oxygen partial pressure (PO<sub>2</sub>) and PCO<sub>2</sub> had their limitations due to skin irritations caused by the heating-up of the sensor and a short application time of 4 h. Objectives: To evaluate for the first time combined monitoring of transcutaneous PCO<sub>2</sub> (tcPCO<sub>2</sub>) and oxygen saturation applying a lower temperature (sensor temperature 42°C) and a new sensor technology in healthy individuals during sleep. Methods: Twenty-nine healthy individuals [12 males, age 35.2 ± 17.0 years, body height: 170.2 ± 12.0 cm (mean ± SD), weight: 76.3 ± 15.8 kg, body mass index 26.5 ± 5.4] were monitored for more than 6 h at night with the TOSCA 500 instrument (Radiometer, Basel, Switzerland). tcPCO<sub>2</sub> was continuously monitored and its correlation with selective measured capillary PCO<sub>2</sub> values (PcapCO<sub>2</sub>) was monitored at 0.00 and 4.00 h. Results: At 0.00 h, PcapCO<sub>2</sub> was 37.1 ± 5.1 mm Hg and tcPCO<sub>2</sub> was 43.4 ± 6.6 mm Hg (p < 0.001). At 4.00 h, PcapCO<sub>2</sub> was 37.0 ± 5.6 mm Hg and tcPCO<sub>2</sub> was 43.5 ± 5.4 mm Hg (p < 0.001). PcapCO<sub>2</sub> and tcPCO<sub>2</sub> were positively and significantly correlated (0.00 h: r = 0.5, p < 0.02 and 4.00 h: r = 0.72 and p < 0.001) at both time points. In the course of the night, there was no significant drift in the tcPCO<sub>2</sub> values. Conclusion: The investigated system enables stable measurement of tcPCO<sub>2</sub> without relevant drift in healthy individuals and does not require recalibration. tcPCO<sub>2</sub> is highly suitable as a measure of PcapCO<sub>2</sub> because the two parameters are highly correlated and there is no inconvenience to the patient.
Long-term functional outcomes and predictors of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus after treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms in the BRAT trial: revisiting the clip vs coil debate.

BACKGROUND Acute hydrocephalus is a well-known sequela of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Controversy exists about whether open microsurgical methods serve to reduce shunt dependency compared with endovascular techniques. OBJECTIVE To determine predictors of shunt-dependent hydrocephalus and functional outcomes after aneurysmal SAH. METHODS A total of 471 patients who were part of a prospective, randomized, controlled trial from 2003 to 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. All variables including demographic data, medical history, treatment, imaging, and functional outcomes were included as part of the trial. No additional variables were retrospectively collected. RESULTS Ultimately, 147 patients (31.2%) required a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) in our series. Age, dissecting aneurysm type, ruptured vertebrobasilar aneurysm, Fisher grade, Hunt and Hess grade, admission intraventricular hemorrhage, admission intraparenchymal hemorrhage, blood in the fourth ventricle on admission, perioperative ventriculostomy, and hemicraniectomy were significant risk factors (P < .05) associated with shunt-dependent hydrocephalus on univariate analysis. On multivariate analysis, intraventricular hemorrhage and intraparenchymal hemorrhage were independent risk factors for shunt dependency (P < .05). Clipping vs coiling treatment was not statistically associated with VPS after SAH on both univariate and multivariate analyses. Patients who did not receive a VPS at discharge had higher Glasgow Outcome Scale and Barthel Index scores and were more likely to be functionally independent and to return to work 72 months after surgery (P < .05). CONCLUSION There is no difference in shunt dependency after SAH among patients treated by endovascular or microsurgical means. Patients in whom shunt-dependent hydrocephalus does not develop after SAH tend to have improved long-term functional outcomes.
Risk and associated risk factors of hospitalization for specific health problems over time in childhood cancer survivors: a medical record linkage study

Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) experience higher hospitalization rates compared to the general population for neoplasms, circulatory diseases, endocrine/nutritional/metabolic diseases and eye disorders. We studied trends in hospitalization rates and associated patient and treatment‐specific risk factors for diagnosis subgroups among these four diseases. We performed medical record linkage of a ≥5‐year CCS cohort with national registers, and obtained a random reference sample matched on age, gender and calendar year per CCS. For each diagnosis subgroup we compared hospitalization rates and trends over time in CCS and the reference population. Further, we analyzed risk factors for hospitalizations within the four CCS diagnosis groups. We used multivariate Poisson regression for all models. We retrieved hospitalization data from 1382 CCS and 26,583 reference persons. CCS had increased hospitalization rates for almost all diagnosis subgroups examined. Hospitalization rates for endocrine/nutritional/metabolic diseases appeared to increase with longer time since primary cancer diagnosis up to 30 years after primary cancer diagnosis. Survivors initially treated with radiotherapy had increased hospitalization rates for neoplasms (P < 0.001), those initially treated with anthracyclines (2.5 [1.1–5.5]) and radiotherapy to thorax and/or abdomen (9.3 [2.4–36.6]) had increased hospitalization rates for diseases of the circulatory system, and those initially treated with radiotherapy to head and/or neck had increased hospitalization rates for endocrine/nutritional/metabolic diseases (6.7 [3.5–12.7]) and diseases of the eye (3.6 [1.5–8.9]). Our study highlights that long‐term health problems resulting in hospitalizations are still clinically relevant later in life of CCS. The identified treatment‐related risk factors associated with hospitalizations support targeted follow‐up care for these risk groups of CCS.
Disaster event management based on Integrated Disaster Reduction and rapid Service Platform

China is one of the countries most seriously affected by natural disasters in the world. What's more important China is suffering many kinds of disasters which have wide range distribution, high frequency, regional strong seasonality, cause serious loss and present more complicated disaster. Disaster event management includes the whole process of disaster response. Integrated Disaster Reduction and Quick Service Platform can realize the comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation business oriented from satellite mission planning, data acquisition, data production, products pushing to the application of remote sensing and mitigation integrated rapid service. This paper introduced system components of the Integrated Disaster Reduction and Quick Service Platform. Then, the results for Yunnan Cangyuan earthquake by using Integrated Disaster Reduction and Quick Service Platform were also reported in this study.
Effects of exercise training program on functional capacity and quality of life in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Evaluation of a pilot project.

BACKGROUND In patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) stage II, exercise training seems to be important to reduce symptoms and improve functional capacity. We evaluated the effects of an out-patient treatment program on walking distance (standardized treadmill testing), training exercise capacity, and disease specific quality of life (PAVK-86 questionnaire). METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-one patients aged 70 +/- 2 with intermittent claudicatio in stage IIa/IIb according to Fontaine (n = 18/13) underwent a supervised 12 week exercise training and education outpatient program. During course of intervention, patients demonstrated improvements in pain-free training walking distance (p < 0.001) and repetitions of tiptoe standing (p < 0.05). In standardized treadmill testing, pain-free walking distance was improved by 182% (129 +/- 19 m-->364 +/- 53 m; p < 0.001), and maximum walking distance by 76% (311 +/- 42 m-->546 +/- 63 m; p < 0.01). Before training, mean subscale scores of the PAVK-86 demonstrated distinct impairments concerning pain and functional status. After 12 weeks of intervention, with exception of the subscale complaints, all dimensions of quality of life assessed have improved significantly. The highest effect size was observed for the subscales pain, mood, and functional status. Improvement in the subscale anxiety and pain-free walking distance (treadmill test) correlated significantly (r = 0.46) as well as improvement in the subscale mood and maximum walking distance (r = 0.45). CONCLUSION In patients with PAOD stage II considerable effects on functional capacity and important dimensions of quality of life can be achieved by a short exercise and education program.
Concealment of Chaos Time-Delay Signature in Three-Cascaded Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers

The time-delay signature and the chaos bandwidth in three-cascaded vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers have been investigated experimentally. A peak value of autocorrelation coefficient at the feedback round trip time and the ratio between this peak value and its background are used to quantitatively identify the time-delay (TD) signature of chaos. A new concept-peak to side-peak ratio is introduced for better quantification of the TD signature concealment. The peak to side-peak ratio is defined as the ratio between the peak value of autocorrelation coefficient at the TD and the peak value at a delay time other than the TD and zero delay time. Three injection cases, namely, small bandwidth, intermediate bandwidth, and wide bandwidth of the injecting chaos signals, have been used to study the effect of the bandwidth of the injecting chaos on the TD concealment. The experimental results show that the time-delay signature can be totally concealed in the slave laser subject to the intermediate bandwidth of chaotic optical injection over a wide frequency detuning range.
Financial Statement Analysis: A Valuation Approach

I. INTRODUCTION TO SECURITY ANALYSIS. 1. An Introduction to Security Analysis. 2. Security Analysis and Efficient Markets. II. BUSINESS AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS. 3. Business Analysis. 4. Accounting Analysis and the Financial Statements. 5. Financial Statement Analysis. III. CASH FLOW BASED VALUATION MODELS. 6. The Economic Balance Sheet and an Overview of Cash Flow Based Valuation Models. 7. Discount Rates in Valuation. 8. The Dividend Discount and Flows to Equity Models. 9. Free Cash Flow Model and Analysis. 10. Forecasting Free Cash Flows. 11. The Adjusted Present Value Model. 12. The Residual Income Model. IV. SPECIAL TOPICS IN CASH FLOW BASED VALUATION 13. Using Income Tax Information. 14. Employee Stock Options and Valuation. 15 Valuation of Firms with Pension Plans and Other Post-Employment Benefit Plans. V. MULTIPLES VALUATION. 16. A "Theory" of Multiples. 17. PE Ratios and Earnings Growth. 18. Additional Issues in Multiples Analysis.
Does Online Reputation Matter? An Empirical Investigation of Reputation and Trust in Online Auction Markets

Trust is an essential component of buyer-seller relationships, especially for online transactions. Appropriate feedback mechanisms help buyers build trust towards reputable sellers. Drawing from sociology and economics, we show that buyers pay a price premium to transact with reputable sellers, especially for expensive products. To empirically examine the relationship between feedback and price premiums, we collected data for 19 products from 702 completed online auctions from the auction site of ebay.com (www.ebay.com). Results showed a significant correlation between feedback and price premiums for all products. This correlation became increasingly significant for more expensive products. This paper contributes to a better understanding of the value of reputation and trust in EC.
Species richness changes lag behind climate change

Species-energy theory indicates that recent climate warming should have driven increases in species richness in cool and species-poor parts of the Northern Hemisphere. We confirm that the average species richness of British butterflies has increased since 1970–82, but much more slowly than predicted from changes of climate: on average, only one-third of the predicted increase has taken place. The resultant species assemblages are increasingly dominated by generalist species that were able to respond quickly. The time lag is confirmed by the successful introduction of many species to climatically suitable areas beyond their ranges. Our results imply that it may be decades or centuries before the species richness and composition of biological communities adjusts to the current climate.
Nonlinear gain-scheduling output-feedback control for polynomial nonlinear systems subject to actuator saturation

This paper investigates nonlinear gain-scheduling control approaches for a class of polynomial nonlinear systems, containing an output-dependent vector field with input saturation. Using the polytopic differential inclusion and norm-bounded differential inclusion (NDI) of saturation and dead-zone functions, the nonlinear plants are transformed into systems with measurable parameters. For the polytopic differential inclusion description, a quasi-linear parameter varying (quasi-LPV) output-feedback controller will be sought for saturation control. On the other hand, the NDI model leads to a nonlinear fractional transformation (NFT) output-feedback controller for saturated nonlinear systems. The quasi-LPV and NFT output-feedback control synthesis conditions are derived in the forms of output-dependent matrix inequalities. They can be reformulated as sum-of-squares (SOS) optimisations and solved efficiently using SOS programming. The proposed nonlinear gain-scheduling saturation control approaches will be demonstrated using the Van der Pol equation.
Enhanced functional connectivity properties of human brains during in-situ nature experience

In this study, we investigated the impacts of in-situ nature and urban exposure on human brain activities and their dynamics. We randomly assigned 32 healthy right-handed college students (mean age = 20.6 years, SD = 1.6; 16 males) to a 20 min in-situ sitting exposure in either a nature (n = 16) or urban environment (n = 16) and measured their Electroencephalography (EEG) signals. Analyses revealed that a brief in-situ restorative nature experience may induce more efficient and stronger brain connectivity with enhanced small-world properties compared with a stressful urban experience. The enhanced small-world properties were found to be correlated with “coherent” experience measured by Perceived Restorativeness Scale (PRS). Exposure to nature also induces stronger long-term correlated activity across different brain regions with a right lateralization. These findings may advance our understanding of the functional activities during in-situ environmental exposures and imply that a nature or nature-like environment may potentially benefit cognitive processes and mental well-being.
Psyllium is not fermented in the human gut

Dear Sirs, I read with interest the article by Vega et al. entitled ‘Breathmethane in functional constipation: response to treatmentwith ispaghula husk’. This study investigated whether patients with chronic constipation produce more methane, and whether being a methane producer influenced their response to treatment with ‘fermentable’ fiber. The authors found that ispaghula husk (psyllium) effectively treated constipation regardless of methane status. These results are consistent with the recent conclusion that psyllium is not fermented in the human gastrointestinal tract, so its effects in the large bowel are independent of the microbiome. The misconception that psyllium is fermented is predicated on in vitro studies, but these results are an artifact of the studytechnique.Tothoroughlymixa stool samplewitha hydrated/gelled psyllium sample, a high-speed mechanical blenderwasused,whichdestroyed the gelmatrix and artificially rendered psyllium fermentable. In contrast to the in vitro data, there are five published wellcontrolled clinical studies that assessed the fermentation of psyllium vs a negative control (placebo), a positive control (lactulose), and/or several different fibers (e.g., methylcellulose, guar gum, pectin, cellulose). These studies assessed breath gas and/or flatulence episodes to determine the relative degree of fermentation in the human gut. All five clinical studies provided similar results: objective measures of breath gas and subjective assessments of flatulence episodes showed that psyllium did not increase intestinal gas production, so it was not fermented in the human gut. For example, one study was a randomized, blinded, two-period cross-over design that assessed a high-dose of psyllium (18 g) vs placebo for breath gas production, and showed that breath hydrogen was directionally higher for placebo (38.6 mL/h) than for the high-dose psyllium (23.8 mL/h). Therewas also no significant difference in reported symptoms, though the mean score for flatulence was directionally higher for placebo (9.3) than for psyllium (6.1). There are two mechanisms by which a fiber can exert a significant laxative effect at a physiologic dose (e.g., 10–15 g/day), and both require that the fiber resist fermentation to remain intact and present throughout the large bowel: (i) insoluble fiber (e.g., wheat bran) mechanically irritates the gut mucosa, stimulatingmucous and water secretion, but only if the particles are sufficiently large and coarse (fine wheat brancanbe constipating); and (ii) solublefibersmust gel (e.g., psyllium) to exert a high water-holding capacity that resists dehydration throughout the large bowel. Bothmechanisms result in a significant increase in stool water content, which increases stool bulk and softens stools. It is a misconception that all dietary fibers provide a laxative (regularity) benefit. For further details on this topic, a 2-part comprehensive review on the physical effects of fiber in the large bowel and small bowel was recently published.
Time-Delayed Feedback Control of Rotationally Symmetric Systems

Time-delayed feedback control has proven to be useful to stabilize periodic orbits. We extend the concept of Pyragas control with a linear control-matrix to nonlinear non-invasive control-schemes. For a two-dimensional rotationally symmetric system we show that equivariant Pyragas control can always be used for stabilization if the delay-time is small enough. We present a method to find such a stabilizing control-scheme. The results are not limited to systems near a Hopf bifurcation. We give a strict threshold on the unstable Floquet multiplier and the delay-time at which control becomes impossible – showing the limitations of classical Pyragas control. Finally we apply the control to a system in Hopf normal form and a coupled oscillator system.
To Reveal or Not to Reveal - the Case of Research Joint Ventures with Two-Sided Incomplete Information

Firms' incentives to form research joint ventures (RJVs) are analysed in an incomplete information framework when technological know-how is private information. Firms first decide on cooperation and information revelation and then compete for a patent. Provided that spillovers exist in the case of unilateral revelation of know-how, it can be shown that non-cooperation is always an equilibrium. If competition is in a second-price auction with positive minimum R&D requirements this equilibrium is unique for high spillovers. Cooperation can occur for low spillovers. For certain parameters there exists an equilibrium in which only firms with low know-how cooperate.
Multi-objective feature selection using a Bayesian artificial immune system

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to apply a multi‐objective Bayesian artificial immune system (MOBAIS) to feature selection in classification problems aiming at minimizing both the classification error and cardinality of the subset of features. The algorithm is able to perform a multimodal search maintaining population diversity and controlling automatically the population size according to the problem. In addition, it is capable of identifying and preserving building blocks (partial components of the whole solution) effectively.Design/methodology/approach – The algorithm evolves candidate subsets of features by replacing the traditional mutation operator in immune‐inspired algorithms with a probabilistic model which represents the probability distribution of the promising solutions found so far. Then, the probabilistic model is used to generate new individuals. A Bayesian network is adopted as the probabilistic model due to its capability of capturing expressive interactions among the variables of .
Emerging market conditions and their impact on first mover advantages: An integrative review

Reports that, with sluggish growth in the developed markets of the world and increasing globalization, companies are turning to newly emerging markets for business expansion. Therefore, understanding entry strategies in emerging markets is likely to become an increasingly important issue for academic researchers and marketing practitioners. First movers are generally thought to garner fairly robust advantages over later entrants; however, the degree to which these advantages prevail in emerging markets is not known. Examines, by means of a literature review, the effects of emerging market conditions on first mover advantages. Advances several research propositions, based on the findings, presents a conceptual model, and identifies directions for further research.
Managing interest rate risk and foreign exchange risk: Disclosure of objectives, policies and processes

This project investigates the ways in which companies report their objectives, policies and processes for managing interest rate risk and foreign exchange risk. Our interest in the subject arises from the increasing complexity of regulation surrounding disclosure of information on risk management and from our previous research where we found that companies disclose approximately half of the information available to management. This Briefing finds a similar proportion of disclosure in the period 2004 to 2006. We conclude that this proportionate response probably reflects the impracticality of reporting all the detail that might fall within the scope of legislation or recommendations.