Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Bipolar spintronics: from spin injection to spin-controlled logic

An impressive success of spintronic applications has been typically realized in metal-based structures which utilize magnetoresistive effects for substantial improvements in the performance of computer hard drives and magnetic random access memories. Correspondingly, the theoretical understanding of spin-polarized transport is usually limited to a metallic regime in a linear response, which, while providing a good description for data storage and magnetic memory devices, is not sufficient for signal processing and digital logic. In contrast, much less is known about possible applications of semiconductor-based spintronics and spin-polarized transport in related structures which could utilize strong intrinsic nonlinearities in current–voltage characteristics to implement spin-based logic. Here we discuss the challenges for realizing a particular class of structures in semiconductor spintronics: our proposal for bipolar spintronic devices in which carriers of both polarities (electrons and holes) contribute to spin-charge coupling. We formulate the theoretical framework for bipolar spin-polarized transport, and describe several novel effects in two- and three-terminal structures which arise from the interplay between nonequilibrium spin and equilibrium magnetization.
Rigidity of lattices of non-positive curvature

Abstract Let M, M* denote compact, connected manifolds of non-positive sectional curvature whose fundamental groups are isomorphic and whose Euclidean de Rham factors are trivial. We prove that: if M is a compact irreducible quotient of a reducible symmetric space H, then M and M* are isometric up to a constant multiple of the metric; and that the number and dimensions of the local de Rham factors are the same for M and M*. Gromov has independently proved the first result in the more general case that M is locally symmetric and globally irreducible with rank at least two.
BioNNA: the Biodiversity National Network of Albania

Recently, the Albanian Government started the process to join the European Union. This process also involves matching the EU parameters in protecting its biodiversity. In order to support the Albanian authorities, t he Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, General Directorate for Development Cooperation (DGCS) tion, taxonomic coverage, software details and WebGIS development. BioNNA is a milestone on the path towards Albania’s inclusion in the EU and has also a relevant potential social relevance for improving people’s awareness on the importance of biodiversity in the country.
Archetypal values of science and engineering staff in relation to their career orientations

Orientation: Career decision-making in the 21st century is increasingly guided by the individuals’ deep-seated values and career orientations, as they are required to become proactive career agents in the pursuit of their career. Research purpose: The objective of the study was to explore the relationship between individuals’ archetypal values (measured by the Pearson–Marr Archetype Indicator) and career orientations (measured by the Career Orientations Inventory). The study also assessed the differences between race, gender, marital status, employment status and age groups regarding the archetypal values and career orientations of the individuals. Motivation for study: Career counsellors and industrial psychologists are increasingly required to explore new career guidance frameworks that are relevant and appropriate to the evolving nature of careers. Research design, approach and method: A quantitative survey was conducted. A non-probability sample of 207 voluntary participants employed within the science and engineering sector was obtained. Main findings: Correlational analyses revealed that the participants’ archetypal values related significantly to their career orientations. The various biographical groups differed significantly regarding their archetypal values and career orientations. Practical/managerial implications: The findings highlight the importance of understanding the deep-seated archetypal values that seem to explain the individuals’ career choices and decisions, and how these values differ regarding these choices and decisions. Contribution/value-add: The explanatory utility of the results may prove useful to enhance the individuals’ self-insight in their career choices and experiences. This study represents original research that contributes new knowledge to the field of career psychology and career counselling practices.
High-density lipoproteins: a novel therapeutic target for cardiovascular disease

Cardiovascular disease has a high rate of mortality in both Western and developing countries. Atherosclerosis and generation of reactive oxygen species through oxidative stress is the major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Atherothrombosis with low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and high levels of low-density lipoprotein is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis-induced cardiovascular disease. Lipid-lowering drugs like statins, niacin,fibrates, and some newer agents, ie, the apolipoprotein A-I mimetics and the cholesterylester transfer protein inhibitors, not only increase HDL levels but are also effective in reducing key atherogenic lipid components, including triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. The aim of this review is to discuss the accumulating evidence suggesting that HDL possesses a diverse range of biological actions, and that increasing HDL levels by drug treatment may be beneficial in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Simulink Based Model for Analysing theZiegler Nichols Tuning Algorithm as appliedon Speed Control of DC Motor

This paper presents the implementation of PID controller in speed control of DC Motor. Due to its simplicity, robustness and successful practical application, PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controllers have become most widely used controller in the industry. There are several different methods through which the PID controller can generate automatic control efficiently. In this paper, the tuning method used for the proposed speed control model of DC motor is Ziegler-Nichols (ZN) tuning algorithm. Here, a computer based model (using SIMULINK) is furnished for obtaining the apt output during the speed control of a dc motor. Now-a-days, dc motors have become the workhorse of the industrial sector due to their easy means of construction and maintenance. Therefore, the performance of the machine needs to be specified using computer aided programs and the control strategy best suited here is PID.
INCREASING THE NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY OF ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS THROUGH MANAGEMENT OF THE SOIL MICROBIOME: A STUDY OF LOCAL MICROORGANISM INOCULANT by ASPEN ROSE HATTABAUGH

9 Introduction . 9 Materials and Methods . 14 Results and Discussion . 17 3 EFFECTS OF LEM TREATMENT ON SOIL PHOSPHORUS IN TWO WINTER CROPPING SYSTEMS . 32 Overview . 32 Materials and Methods . 33 Results and Discussion . 36
Atmospheric sulphuric acid and neutral cluster measurements using CI-APi-TOF

Abstract. The first ambient measurements using nitrate ion based Chemical Ionization with the Atmospheric Pressure interface Time-Of-Flight mass spectrometer (CI-APi-TOF) for sulphuric acid and neutral cluster detection are presented. We have found CI-APi-TOF a highly stable and sensitive tool for molecular sulphuric acid detection. The lowest limit of detection for sulphuric acid was determined to be 3.6 × 10 4 molecules cm −3 for 15 min averaging. Signals from sulphuric acid clusters up to tetramer containing ammonia were also obtained but these were found to result from naturally charged clusters formed by ion induced clustering in the atmosphere during nucleation. Opposite to earlier studies with cluster mass spectrometers, we had no indication of neutral clusters. The reason is either less efficient charging of clusters in comparison to molecular sulphuric acid, or the low concentration of neutral clusters at our measurement site during these particular nucleation events. We show that utilizing high resolution mass spectrometry is crucial in separating the weak sulfuric acid cluster signal from other compounds.
Toxicological Studies Outlook on Cardiovascular Diseases

Cardiovascular diseases are also an important factor in increasing mortality rate around the world. According to WHO statistics in 2012 it is estimated that nearly 17.5 million people died with cardiovascular disease. In that 7.4 million was due to coronary heart disease and 6.7 million was due to stroke . A group of disorders related to heart and blood are coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral arterial disease, rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease. Cardiovascular risk elements including metabolic disorder, hypertension, cigarette smoking, high blood glucose, physical idleness, and high cholesterol levels are the main sources of death around the world . In Australia atherosclerosis is the major cause of death . Control of cholesterol and particularly lessening of low-thickness lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) has been shown to emphatically relate with enhanced cardiovascular hazard in epidemiological studies. Cigarette smoking is a typical and deadly overall propensity, with significant mortality coming from its injurious consequences for heart capacity . Governments have now made a move to lessen dietary admission of salt with an end goal to diminish the frequency of hypertension and the related cardiovascular horribleness and mortality . A study was conducted in a hospital in Quatar between 2009 and 2013. For the purpose of analysis cases were dived in to two groups ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction/unstable angina. With this study they conclude that acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in males are more when compared with females .
Characterization of Orthosiphon Stamineus Benth extracts by reversed-phase thin layer Chromatographic methods

TLC is a powerful method used for separation of complex mixtures such as plant extracts. Employing different TLC techniques the separations can be improved. This paper presents a study of the Orthosiphon stamineus Benth extracts using isocratic reversed-phase thin layer chromatography (RP-TLC) and reversed-phase automated multiple development technique (RP-AMD). Methanol (SI) and a mixture of methanol– water–methyl acetate (SII) were used as extraction agents. Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. belongs to the Lamiaceae family. Its leaves contain rosmarinic acid, sinesetine and eupatorine as main compounds. After TLC separation the bioactive compounds from plant extracts were identified by comparison of the Rf values and in situ UV-Vis spectra with those of the standards and quantified using the calibration method. The rosmarinic acid was better extracted in the solvent mixture methanol–water–methyl acetate (10:10:80, v/v), while the sinesetine and eupatorine, which are more lipophilic, were better extracted in methanol. The study revealed the AMD technique superiority in comparison with the isocratic one.
Changing Dairy Consumption in an Emerging Economy: An Application of a Multivariate Two-part Model

This article examines the choices of Polish households in their decision to consume and the amount spent on four dairy products, i.e., whole milk, skim milk, butter and yogurt. A random utility framework leads to the specification of a system of four participation and four level (expenditure) equations. With the strong substitution effect between the consumption of whole milk and low-fat milk and possible correlation among the purchase decisions of other dairy products, the specification allows for correlation between the consumption decisions among different dairy products. Therefore, the selection of a system approach leads to constructing a multivariate two-part model. A pooled cross-sectional sample used in model estimation has 77,043 observations with non-missing values for the period from 2005 to 2008.
Transverse and longitudinal dynamic modeling of bimorph piezoelectric actuators with investigating the effect of vibrational modes

Bimorph piezoelectric cantilevered (BPC) actuators have recently received a great deal of attention in a variety of micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) applications. Dynamic modeling of such actuators needs to be improved in order to enhance the control performance. Previous works have usually taken transverse vibration into account without considering longitudinal vibration. This paper presents a comprehensive modeling for a set of transverse and longitudinal vibration equations for piezoelectric cantilevered actuators. In addition, dynamic behavior and exact non-minimum phase region along BPC is derived by analyzing first three vibrational modes. A simulation study is propounded to better analyze the system dynamic behavior. Finally, an experimental setup is developed to verify the proposed dynamic model. The modal frequency response of the system for the first three modes, obtained from the proposed model, is compared with those obtained from the experiment and a good consistency between them confirms the validity of the proposed dynamic model.
PREDICTION OF SWELLING PRESSURE OF EXPANSIVE SOILS USING COMPOSITIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS

Expansive soils exhibit significant volume changes with variations in soil moisture content. Foundations constructed on these soils are subjected to considerable damage due to swelling. Determination of swelling characteristics (Swelling Pressure, Swell Potential and Swell Index) is a prerequisite for safe and economic design of structures resting on expansive soils. Direct determination of swelling characteristics is expensive in terms of time, money and services experts and skilled technicians. Hence geotechnical engineers have always been striving to evolve simple methods to predict the soil behaviour considering the soil state or soil type. This paper investigates the influence of both soil state and soil type on prediction of swelling pressure. The soil state is reflected by environmental factors namely initial Moisture Content, in-situ Dry Density and Initial Surcharge Pressure whereas the soil type is reflected by the compositional parameters namely Liquid Limit and Plasticity Index.
Short-Term Photovoltaic Power Generation Forecasting Based on Multivariable Grey Theory Model with Parameter Optimization

Owing to the environment, temperature, and so forth, photovoltaic power generation volume is always fluctuating and subsequently impacts power grid planning and operation seriously. Therefore, it is of great importance to make accurate prediction of the power generation of photovoltaic (PV) system in advance. In order to improve the prediction accuracy, in this paper, a novel particle swarm optimization algorithm based multivariable grey theory model is proposed for short-term photovoltaic power generation volume forecasting. It is highlighted that, by integrating particle swarm optimization algorithm, the prediction accuracy of grey theory model is expected to be highly improved. In addition, large amounts of real data from two separate power stations in China are being employed for model verification. The experimental results indicate that, compared with the conventional grey model, the mean relative error in the proposed model has been reduced from 7.14% to 3.53%. The real practice demonstrates that the proposed optimization model outperforms the conventional grey model from both theoretical and practical perspectives.
Hypogonadism in Male Sexual Dysfunction

Normal testosterone level is influencing all the steps of the male psychosexual devel opment: intrauterine neonatal and final psychosexual development. At pubertal stage, the quality of testosterone secretion is conditioning the development of the mature male phenotype. In adult life, eugonadism sustains desire, arousal, determines spontaneous erections, facilitates stimulated erection, influencing the response rate to medication. Moreover, eugonadism sustain daydreaming and phantasies, both needed for a normal sexual life. The pathogenic mechanism of all these actions is presented. Talking about hypogonadism means not only the classical types of hypogonadism: due to classical testicular disease of central, hypothalamic and hypophysis disease, but also the partial testosterone deficiency induces by aging (late onset hypogonadism), weight increase (up to 30% of males with metabolic syndrome and 50% of males with diabetes) or secondary hypogonadism described in chronic use of steroids or after long exposure to stress, espe - cially in young males. All these types of hypogonadism, that affect young, middle aged or old males will be presented separately. A therapeutic approach that is individualized for each type of hypogonadism, should consider positive and possible negative effects and all alternatives will be presented: life style changes, sustained weight loss, increase exercise, supplemental therapy, pro fertility treatment.
Resistance matrices of balanced directed graphs

ABSTRACT Let G be a strongly connected and balanced directed graph. We define the resistance between any two vertices i and j of G by using the Moore–Penrose inverse of the Laplacian matrix of G and define the resistance matrix by . This generalizes the resistance in the undirected case. In this paper, we show that R is a non-negative matrix and obtain an expression to compute the inverse, determinant and cofactor sums of R.
Elliptic instability in a strained Batchelor vortex

The elliptic instability of a Batchelor vortex subject to a stationary strain field is considered by theoretical and numerical means in the regime of large Reynolds number and small axial flow. In the theory, the elliptic instability is described as a resonant coupling of two quasi-neutral normal modes (Kelvin modes) of the Batchelor vortex of azimuthal wavenumbers m and m + 2 with the underlying strain field. The growth rate associated with these resonances is computed for different values of the azimuthal wavenumbers as the axial flow parameter is varied. We demonstrate that the resonant Kelvin modes m = 1 and m = −1 which are the most unstable in the absence of axial flow become damped as the axial flow is increased. This is shown to be due to the appearance of a critical layer which damps one of the resonant Kelvin modes. However, the elliptic instability does not disappear. Other combinations of Kelvin modes m = −2 and m = 0, then m = −3 and m = −1 are shown to become progressively unstable for increasing axial flow. A complete instability diagram is obtained as a function of the axial flow parameter for several values of the strain rate and Reynolds number. The numerical study considers a system of two counter-rotating Batchelor vortices in which the strain field felt by each vortex is due to the other vortex. The characteristics of the most unstable linear modes developing on the frozen base flow are computed by direct numerical simulations for two axial flow parameters and compared to the theory. In both cases, a very good agreement is obtained for the most unstable modes. Less unstable modes are also identified in the numerics and shown to correspond to peculiar resonances involving Kelvin modes from branches of different labels.
Ensiling characteristics of Banana peelings

Urbaniseringen i Kampala vaxer snabbare an den ekonomiska tillvaxten, vilket skapar en stor grupp manniskor med sa svag kopkraft att de inte kan kopa mat for dagen. En losning pa problemet ar att odla sin egen mat, men med de begransade landarealer som en vaxande befolkning leder till, finns det inte tillrackligt med mark att odla eller bedriva extensiv boskapsproduktion. Bonderna tvingas darfor att utfodra djuren med de biprodukter som genereras fran hushallet och fran den lokala marknaden. Uganda ar en av varldens framsta bananproducenter, dar den storre delen av produktionen gar till landets egna humankonsumtion, vilken i sin tur genererar enorma kvantiteter bananskal varje ar. Bananskalen saljs pa de lokala marknaderna och utgor en billig foderkalla till framforallt idisslare for Ugandas bonder. Det varma klimatet samt skalens hoga vatteninnehall, gor att bananskalens hallbarhet begransas till 1-3 dagar, vilket medfor att bonderna nastintill dagligen maste aka till marknaden for att kopa mer. Denna studie syftade till att utreda ensileringsegenskaperna hos bananskal for att undersoka om lagring genom konservering av materialet ar mojligt. Studien genomfordes som en minor field study i Kampala och ar en del av det pagaende projektet ”Feed for livestock in urban/peri-urban areas of Kampala” mellan Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU) och Makerere University, Kampala. Bananskal koptes in farska for att sedan ensileras pa fyra olika gardar, en silo pa varje gard, under 4 veckor. Tva prov fran varje silo togs for analys av torrsubstans (ts), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) och acid detergent lignin (ADL), bade direkt efter fermentationen och efter 6 dagars syreexponering. Temperatur och pH mattes dagligen under de 6 dagarna for att avgora ensilagets aeroba stabilitet. Slutligen togs 2 prov fran varje silo for analys av flyktiga fettsyror (VFA). Resultaten visade laga varden av samtliga VFA samt stigande pH och temperatur under syreexponeringen hos majoriteten av gardarna, vilket tyder pa en otillracklig fermentation med hygieniskt och naringsmassigt forfall som konsekvens vid syreexponering. ADL och NDF andrades inte namnvart under syreexponeringen. Den otillrackliga fermentationen kan bero pa otillrackliga mangder lattsmalta kolhydrater i ensileringsmaterialet, samt en bristande mekanisk bearbetning av materialet innan ensilering. Forslag for vidare studier inom omradet ar att blanda bananskalen med ett fodermedel rikt pa socker for att skapa ett mer lattfermenterat ensilagematerial.
Phylogeny of the Hymenoptera: A cladistic reanalysis of Rasnitsyn’s (1988) data

The hypothesis of higher‐level relationships among extinct and extant hymenopterans presented by Rasnitsyn in 1988 is widely cited but the evidence has never been presented in the form of a character matrix or analysed cladistically. We review Rasnitsyn’s morphological work and derive a character matrix for fossil and recent hymenopterans from it. Parsimony analyses of this matrix under equal weights and implied weights show that there is little support for Rasnitsyn’s biphyletic hypothesis, postulating a sister‐group relationship between tenthredinoids and macroxyelines. Instead, the data favour the conventional view that Hymenoptera excluding the Xyelidae are monophyletic. Higher‐level symphytan relationships are well resolved and, except for the basal branchings, largely agree with the tree presented by Rasnitsyn. There is little convincing support for any major divisions of the Apocrita but the Microhymenoptera and the Ichneumonoidea + Aculeata appear as monophyletic groups in some analyses and require only a few extra steps in the others. The Evaniomorpha appear as a paraphyletic grade of basal apocritan lineages and enforcing monophyly of this grouping requires a considerable increase in tree length. The Ceraphronoidea are placed in the Proctotrupomorpha, close to Chalcidoidea and Platygastroidea. This signal is not entirely due to loss characters that may have evolved independently in these taxa in response to a general reduction in size. The analyses suggest that the Proctotrupomorpha may be monophyletic if the ceraphronoids are included. The Chrysidoidea are resolved in good agreement with relationships proposed by Brothers and Carpenter in 1993 but in conflict with the tree presented by Rasnitsyn. Rasnitsyn’s data are largely uninformative about relationships among the Aculeata sensu stricto. The results are compared with those of other recent analyses of higher‐level hymenopteran relationships.