Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Erwinia amylovora in the genomics era : from genomes to pathogen virulence, regulation, and disease control strategies

The publication of the first Erwinia amylovora genome has greatly accelerated and advanced our understanding of the fire blight organism. With the availability of multiple genomes, it quickly became clear that chromosomal diversity is relatively small, and that most of the pan-genome variance is attributable to plasmids. In addition to gaining a more detailed view of the known virulence factors, genomics has enabled new breakthrough studies of virulence regulation mechanisms. Furthermore, several niche adaptation and ecological fitness factors, though not directly influencing virulence, have been studied in greater detail, providing novel insights into the physiology and ecology of the bacterium. Additionally, application of genome data has yielded improved diagnostics and enabled population studies at different geographic scales.
Does Adoption of Inflation Targeting Reduce Exchange Rate Volatility and Enhance Economic Growth

Recently, inflation targeting has been adopted in many countries. One important achievement derived from the assessment of this framework can be exchange rate stability, as exchange rate is thought to relate to the target of the inflation rate itself or a stable inflation rate. This article provides empirical analysis of whether or not the adoption of inflation targeting framework has reduced exchange rate volatility. Also, as the final goal of this framework is to attain sound economic growth with a stable and adequate inflation rate, the relationship between inflation targeting and economic growth is examined. The results show that inflation targeting reduces exchange rate volatility and causes economic growth.
Comparative Study of Different Biometric Features

Biometrics is one of the biggest tendencies in human identification. Nowadays, biometrics is widely being used in many real life applications like security, forensic, and other identification and recognition purposes. Biometrics also successfully managed to generate a curiosity amongst many. Here we have discussed different biometric features and their usage along with the comparisons of different biometrics features. The fingerprint is the most widely used biometric, where as recently iris started to get a high importance too. Multimodal biometrics can improve the performance and reliability of biometric authentication even further.
Taxocenotic and Biocenotic Study of Lepidoptera (Rhopalocera) in Rucamanque: A Forest Remnant in the Central Valley of the Araucanía Region, Chile

Additional available the end of the chapter Abstract Considering that butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) are sensitive to physical and climatic changes, e.g. of temperature, humidity and solar radiation, produced by disturbances in their habitat, a survey of this group was carried out in a small remnant of native forest (Rucamanque) in the central valley of the Araucanía Region of Chile. The object was to record the composition, abundance and diversity of Rhopalocera in grassland, forest and the ecotone between them during spring and summer. The study recorded 1190 individual butterflies belonging to 25 species, 18 genera, 8 sub-families and 4 families. The highest values of species richness and abundance were obtained in the summer, of 25 species and 953 individuals; in the spring, 9 species were recorded with a total of 237 individuals. The greatest diversity and homogeneity were found in the ecotone habitat (H 0 =3.86; J 0 =0.88; λ =0.08); the values for grassland were (H 0 =2.73; J 0 =0.67; λ =0.23) and for forest (H 0 =2.55; J 0 =0.71; λ =0.23); these environments being less diverse and more homogeneous. The greatest taxocenotic similarity was found between grassland and the ecotone (54%), and the least similarity appeared between the ecotone and forest (34%). The greatest biocenotic similarity was found between the ecotone and forest (48%), and the lowest correspondence was between grassland and forest (4.18%).
CHARACTER, CIVIC RENEWAL AND SERVICE LEARNING FOR DEMOCRATIC CITIZENSHIP IN HIGHER EDUCATION

ABSTRACT: This article explores the civic republican conception of citizenship underlying the Labour government's programme of civil renewal and the introduction of education for democratic citizenship. It considers the importance of the cultivation of civic virtue through political participation for such developments and it reviews the research into how service learning linked to character education can lead to the civic virtue of duty or social responsibility.
Louisiana's Distinct Legal System and its Effect on Earnings Management

This paper measures the degree to which managers engage in earnings management for firms incorporated in 28 U.S. states and compares Louisiana with the other 27 states. The motivation of this study is because Louisiana is the only U.S. state whose legal system is based on the French civil law. Previous research suggests that French civil law provides the weakest investor protection, while the common law provides the strongest investor protection. In addition, further research found that the legal system is a strong determinant of earnings management. More specifically, investor protection is negatively associated with earnings management. Four types of earnings management were compared, including earnings smoothing for poor performance, earnings smoothing to conceal economic shocks, earnings discretion measure: magnitude of accruals, and earnings discretion measure: small loss avoidance. Of the four measures, only one (earnings smoothing for poor performance) showed a clear distinction between earnings management in Louisiana and in other states. This measure focused on the degree to which managers would reduce the variability of reported earnings by altering accruals.
Astronomia Tesi di Laurea Magistrale in Astronomia Calibrating the TP-AGB Phase through Resolved Stellar Populations in the Small Magellanic Cloud

The modelling of the Thermally Pulsing Asymptotic Giant Branch (TP-AGB) phase is crucial for our understanding of galaxy evolution and for the derivation of basic galaxy properties, i.e. mass and age, up to high redshift. Despite its importance, this evolutionary phase is still affected by large uncertainties. The aim of this Thesis is to provide a starting point for extending the calibration of the latest TP-AGB models from Marigo and Girardi (2007) and Marigo et al. (2013) on the basis of the complete census of AGB stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC; Boyer et al., 2011). For this purpose, taking advantage of the spatially-resolved Star Formation History (SFH) of the SMC derived by Rubele et al. (2015), the population synthesis code TRILEGAL has been used to simulate the infrared photometry of the SMC. The resulting TP-AGB star counts, color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs), luminosity functions and color histograms have been analyzed and compared with their observed counterparts, in order to provide preliminary indications about the calibration of the key parameters of the TP-AGB evolution, i.e. stellar lifetimes, efficiencies of the third dredge-up and mass loss, dust production. Two sets of evolutionary tracks have been tested (Girardi et al., 2010; Marigo et al., 2013), as well as several circumstellar dust bolometric corrections based on models from Groenewegen (2006), Bressan et al. (1998) and Nanni et al. (2013; in prep.). In addition, the latest libraries of Cand M-star spectra have been used (Aringer et al. 2009; in prep.). This exploratory analysis shows that the observed TP-AGB star counts, the magnitude intervals and the average shapes of the luminosity functions, as well as the morphology of the observed CMDs, are better reproduced adopting the Marigo et al. (2013) evolutionary tracks. However, from the data-models comparison, some discrepancies have come to light. Although it is necessary to further investigate the nature of these discrepancies, these preliminary results suggest that: (i) the mass-loss efficiency of the most massive TP-AGB stars, experiencing the Hot Bottom Burning, should be increased, (ii) the formation of C-AGB stars needs to be made more efficient and/or the mass loss during this phase should be somewhat reduced, (iii) some prescriptions used in modelling the dust effects should be revised in order to accurately reproduce the most reddened TP-AGB stars.
Prevalence of AIV subtype H9 among poultry with respiratory signs in Iraq

The H9N2 avian influenza A viruses (AIV) have been recorded in Eurasia for several years. In this study, the prevalence of the circulated H9 subtype in the poultry population in middle and south of Iraq provinces was studied during a period from September 2014 to June 2015. Samples were collected from one hundred broiler flocks with respiratory signs from seven provinces. The detection and identification of virus were carried out by using highly sensitive method, Taqman Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, which has been increasingly used for detecting avian pathogens in recent years. The prevalence of H9 subtype in 16% of the infected flocks was reported, and the results revealed that there was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the prevalence rate of H9 subtype among broiler flocks in Al-Basra, Al-Qadisyia and An-Najaf provinces (14.28%, 20% and 23.80%, respectively) as compared to other provinces, while An-Najaf province had the highest prevalence rate (23.80%) among all other provinces. The H9 subtype has been recorded for the first time in broiler flocks of Al-Basra and Wasit with lower prevalence rate in Wasit (10%). The prevalence of the H9 virus infection in the winter (75%) was higher than that in summer (25%). Since the provinces are in the vicinity of the Iran, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait with H9 infection records, results of this study indicate circulation of AIV between these countries and in the larger scale, Middle East. This can be very important due to the presence of migratory birds coming from Russia and China and stay in winter months in the marshes of Al-Basra and consequently, AIV transportation to the other parts of the world.
Modeling the Microstructure and Elastic Properties of Complex Materials | NIST

The nite element method is used to study the in uence of porosity and pore shape on the elastic properties of model porous media. The Young's modulus of each model was found to be practically independent of the solid Poisson's ratio. The results are in good agreement with experimental data. We provide simple formulae that can be used to predict the elastic properties of porous media, and allow the accurate interpretation of empirical data in terms of pore shape and structure.
The Impact of Trade : Changes in the Elasticity of Substitution Between Varieties

In the spirit of Krugman ((1979),(1980)), I now examine the impact of trade on two economies of the kind previously described. In this section, I assume as in (Krugman 1979) that the increase in product variety made possible through trade induces an increase in the elasticity of substitution between varieties. I then analyze the effects of this increased elasticity on aggregate productivity and the reallocations of market shares and proÞts between Þrms in the industry. I initially assume that there are no additional costs involved with trade. In the next section, I investigate the effects of certain trade costs such as the cost of entry into the export market and some non-tariff barriers. This model shares the same characteristics as those based on Krugmans ((1979),(1980)) seminal work: in the absence of differences between countries in relative factor abundance, taste, and technology, trade nevertheless occurs and increases welfare by providing the beneÞts of an increase in country size. As with Krugman ((1979),(1980)), the free trade equilibrium attained by two countries of the type previously described (when there are no transport costs) replicates the equilibrium outcome of a single integrated world economy that combines the resources of both countries. This property is driven by the creation of a single world market where all varieties are traded. Consumers in both countries have access to the same bundle of goods at the same aggregate price index P . Regardless of country size or relative wage differences, the cutoff productivity levels in both countries must satisfy the same h(φ∗) = k(φ∗) condition and must therefore be identical. This, in turn, implies the equality of aggregate productivity levels and wages between the two countries.1 Each Þrm then divides its sales between domestic and foreign consumers on the basis of the ratio of its country size to the size of the integrated economy. The balance of payments condition between the two countries is thus trivially satisÞed. If the exposure of a country to trade does not affect the elasticity of substitution between varieties, then this exposure duplicates the effects of an increase in country size. As previously described, none of the Þrm level equilibrium variables change  only the number of Þrms and available varieties are affected. Exposure to trade then increases welfare solely through the increased product variety effect. This result, also obtained by (Krugman 1980), is driven by the absence of
THE PERCEIVED EFFECTS OF THE THREE COMPONENTS OF MARKET ORIENTATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF TOUR FIRMS IN KENYA

The principal objective of the study reported in this article was to empirically assess the perceived direct effects of the three components of Market Orientation namely Customer Orientation, Competitor Orientation, and the Inter-functional Coordination on Performance of Tour Firms in Kenya. The relevant primary data were gathered from Chief Executives and Senior Managers of the One hundred and four (104) Tour Firms registered with the Kenya Association of Tour Operators (KATO) using a semistructured questionnaire. The results of the study revealed that the direct effects of the three components and the composite scores of Market Orientation were all statistically significant. First, the beta coefficient for Customer Orientation was 0.607 and this was highly statistically significant (p-value=.000). This variable also explained 36.8% of the variation in firm performance scores. In the case of the Competitor Orientation the beta coefficient was 0.683 which again was highly statistically significant (p-value=.000). The Competitor orientation explained 46.6% of the performance scores. The Inter-functional Coordination Variable hand relatively low beta coefficient of 0.484 which was still statistically significant (p-value=.002). It explained only 23.5% of variation of the performance scores. The composite index scores of the Market Orientation variable explained slightly more than half (52.4%) of the variation of the performance score. 1 This paper was extracted from a Doctoral Thesis by Dr Winnie G. Njeru European Scientific Journal September 2014 edition vol.10, No.25 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e ISSN 18577431 267 In view of the above the study results revealed that customer orientation, competitor orientation and the Inter-functional coordination all had positive effects on performance of tour firms in a developing economy. These results are consistent with those of studies conducted in the developed world. However, since the concept of Market orientation, as a composite measure, explained only slightly more than half ( 52.4%) of the variation of the perceived firm performance scores, future research work should use a broader concept of market orientation and embrace both subjective and objective indicators of firm performance.
Elementary components of Hilbert schemes of points

Consider the Hilbert scheme of points on a higher dimensional affine space. Its component is elementary if it parameterizes irreducible subschemes. We characterize reduced elementary components in terms of tangent spaces and provide a computationally efficient way of finding such components. As an example, we find an infinite family of elementary and generically smooth components on the affine four‐space. We analyse singularities and formulate a conjecture which would imply the non‐reducedness of the Hilbert scheme. Our main tool is a generalization of the Białynicki–Birula decomposition for this singular scheme.
Robust Beamforming Algorithms

:هصلاخ متيروگلا دركلمع لكش ياه وترپ يهد يم بارخ تدش هب ،هداد سنايراووك سيرتام رد اي و تياده رادرب رد تيعطق مدع طيارش رد رد . دنوش لكش متيروگلا يزاس مواقم يارب ديدج شور كي هلاقم نيا يم هئارا سنايراو لقادح يقفو وترپ يهد رادرب رد تيعطق مدع هب تبسن مه هك دوش وك سيرتام رد تيعطق مدع هب تبسن مه و تياده يم مواقم هداد سنايراو لقادح لماش شور نيا . دشاب هنيزه عبات اب يزاس هنيهب هلأسم كي يزاس رادرب و هدش ليدبت بدحم هلأسم كي هب بدحم ريغ يزاس هنيهب هلأسم هك دش دهاوخ هداد ناشن هلاقم نيا رد . تسا بدحم ريغ ديق و مود هبترم يم تسد هب هدش يزاس مواقم وترپ هدنهد لكش نزو . ديآ
Sağlık Çalışanlarına Yönelik Şiddet: Risk Faktörleri, Etkileri, Değerlendirilmesi ve Önlenmesi

Saglik ortaminda hekime ve saglik calisanlarina yonelik siddet son yillarda artis gostermektedir. Saglik kurumunda calismak diger is yerlerine gore siddete ugrama yonunden daha risklidir. Bu konuda yurutulmus calismalarin bulgulari da saglik alaninda ortaya cikan siddetin diger is yerlerine gore oldukca fazla oldugu gercegini dogrulamis ve bu olaylarin sadece yaralanma gibi ciddi olanlarinin siddet olarak algilandigi, cok azinin kayda alindigini gostermistir. Hastalar kadar hasta yakinlarinin da saglik calisanlarina siddet uygulama egiliminde olduklari gorulmustur. Sozel siddetin sikligi fiziksel siddetten daha fazladir. Şiddet en sik acil servislerde, ikinci siklikta da psikiyatri kliniklerinde sergilenmektedir. Şiddete ugrayan saglik calisanlarinda siddetin ardindan anksiyete ve huzursuzlukta artis gibi psikolojik etkiler gorulmektedir. Saglik calisanlari siddet davranisi ile bas etme konusunda yeterli egitim gormedikleri saptanmistir. Tip egitiminde hasta-hekim iliskisi konusunda verilen egitim icerisindeki eksiklikler giderilmesi sorunun cozumu yolunda onemli bir adim olacaktir. Ulkemizde saglik personelinin magdur oldugu eylemlere iliskin yasal duzenlemeler bulunmamaktadir. Saglik personeline yapilan sozel saldirilar, yaralamalar, darp ve oldurmeye iliskin hukumler genel hukumlere tabi tutulmaktadir. Gerek saglik hizmetindeki hizli degisimler gerek yasal uygulamalardaki eksiklikler siddetin onlenmesinde ve calisan guvenligi saglama konusunda bosluklar birakmaktadir. Guvenli ortamin saglanmasinda calisanlarin egitimi, mevzuatlarin duzenlenmesi, yoneticilerin uzerine dusen gorevler gibi cok yonlu konular olmakla birlikte yasal duzenlemelerin de gerektigi kacinilmazdir.
The Paradigms of Causation for Crohn’s Disease

For almost two decades, the paradigms of autoimmunity and Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infection have unsuccessfully attempted to establish one or the other as the etiology of Crohn’s disease. The data that defines and excludes both these paradigms are resynthesized by a third paradigm in which Crohn’s disease is projected as an immune-mediated disease whose antigen triggers reside with the antigenic array of MAP.
The Effects of Fe, Mn and Zn Foliar Application on Yield, Ash and Protein Percentage of Forage Sorghum in Climatic Condition of Esfahan

Improving forage yield and quality remains a major concern of the producer. Among the various ways of supplying nutrient to the crops, the efficient utilization of nutrients by the plants is made through foliar application. Foliar application had significant effect on plant height, the number of leaf, the number of tiller, LAI, fresh forage yield, dry leaf yield, dry stem yield, total dry yield, dry leaf weight/dry stem weight ration and ash percentage. Application methods of micronutrients are very important to attain the best absorption. The results of this study demonstrated that, Fe, Zn and Mn had positive effect on yield and quality of forage sorghum. The highest plant height, LAI, Fresh forage yield, dry leaf and stem yield, total dry yield and dry leaf weight/dry stem weight was obtained in Zn+Fe+Mn application. The highest number of tiller was related to combination of Zn and Mn. The maximum ash percentage and appropriate protein percentage also was achieved in application of Zn+Fe+Mn. So, on the basis of the results, it seems that application Zn+Fe+Mn was suitable to gain high forage yield and gain to high quality.
The influence of individual perceptions and the urban/rural environment on nascent entrepreneurship

Individual perceptions have been shown to affect the decision to start a new firm. This decision is also contingent upon the context in which actions are taken. However, not much is known about the joint impact of entrepreneurs' perceptions and the urban/rural environment where the firm is created. The pur - pose of this paper is to examine how nascent entrepreneurship is influenced by individual perceptions and the urban/rural context. Using data from the Spanish GEM project, the results of a series of logistic regression models indicate that op- portunity perception and self-efficacy have a positive influence on the probability of becoming a nascent entrepreneur. Interestingly, we also find that individuals in rural areas who perceive new opportunities are more likely to become nascent entrepreneurs rather than those who live in urban ones.
The Relationship between Tea and Coffee Consumption and Glioma: a systematic review

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Glioma is the most common form of brain tumor in adults and accounts for about 80% of the total brain malignancy. The association between several nutritional and non-nutritional factors and the incidence and prevention of glioma has been investigated in previous studies. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between coffee and tea consumption and the risk of glioma. METHODS: In this systematic overview, all studies published until March 2017 were reviewed using the "PubMed", "GoogleScholar" and "SCOPUS" databases using the keywords "coffee", "caffeine", "tea", "diet" and "lifestyle" for coffee and tea consumption and the keywords "glioma", "glioblastoma", "GBM", "brain tumor", "oligodendroglioma", "oligoastrocytoma", "astrocytoma" and "ependymom" for the risk of glioma. FINDINGS: Overall, 12 studies were found to be related to the association between coffee and tea consumption and glioma. In studies that investigated the association between tea consumption and glioma, tea consumption was associated with a 25% reduction in the risk of glioma. In studies that investigated the association between total coffee and tea consumption and glioma, a 40% risk reduction was observed, consuming 5 cups or more of coffee and tea per day. CONCLUSION: The results of the study showed that increased coffee and tea consumption is associated with lower risk of glioma.