Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND THE HEALTH SECTOR: LESSONS FROM LATIN AMERICA

that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual, or psychological harm or suffering for women, ineluding threats of such acts, coercion, or arbitrary deprivations of liberty, whether occurring in public or private life. "1 A recent analysis of more than 50 population-based surveys found that between 10% and 50% (or more) of adult-women respondents around the world reported having been physi- cally assaulted by an intimate male partner at some point in their lives. Psychological abuse almost always accompanied physical abuse, and sexual abuse was present in a third to more than half of the cases.2 By labeling such violence as gender-based, the UN high- lighted the need to understand this violence within the con-
Classification de séries temporelles par modèles markoviens cachés, application à l'ischémie myocardique

A new method for myocardial ischemia detection is proposed in this communication. The originality of this method relies on the consideration of the dynamics of times series extracted from the ECG whereas traditionnal methods are simply based on static measures. After the extraction of a feature vector, the dynamics are caracterised with an Hidden Semi-Markovian Model (HSMM). The ischemic detector uses a reference HSMM and an ischemic HSMM and then compare the likelihood of the time series. Results obtained with PTCA (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty) records of the STAFF3 database show a very good detection rate (96% of sensibility and 80% of specificity).
Problemas de la sincronización de relojes en clusters

This paper is oriented to solve some of the aspects of the clock synchronization problem in distributed environments. Its main objective is focused on the performance estimate in these environments, in which it is necessary to count with some kind of clock synchronization of the computers used. The basic algorithm used is a modification of the Christian’s algorithm, which must be adapted to a cluster’s environment or, at least, to an interconnection network about which some information is available and to which there exist a relatively exclusive or predictable access for all the communications among the synchronized computers. One of the underlying ideas is that of isolating the application running synchronization, whose performance is to be evaluated. The end sought with this requirement is to avoid the intervention of instrumentation over the values to be measured or, at least, to know which errors they might present. The environment in which experiments are carried out is initially that of cluster parallel computing environments. Different methods are tested for the synchronization in initial values and clock frequency.
The ACE Data Mining System User's Manual

A vehicle having left and right lower rear brake lights and a center high-mounted stop lamp (CHMSL) flashes the CHMSL when brakes are initially applied. The lower brake lights do not automatically flash. After a predetermined duration, the CHMSL remains continuously activated until brakes are removed. A semiconductor oscillator circuit is configured to be energized when brakes are applied. It produces an oscillating signal which is responsible for causing the CHMSL to flash. A semiconductor timer circuit is also configured to be energized when brakes are applied. It produces a time out signal which activates a predetermined duration after brakes are applied and which is responsible for causing the CHMSL to remain continuously activated. The outputs of the oscillator and timer circuits are combined at a semiconductor switch which drives the CHMSL.
Automated scoring of complex tasks in computer-based testing

Contents: Preface. D.M. Williamson, I.I. Bejar, R.J. Mislevy, Automated Scoring of Complex Tasks in Computer-Based Testing: An Introduction. R.J. Mislevy, L.S. Steinberg, R.G. Almond, J.F. Lukas, Concepts, Terminology, and Basic Models of Evidence-Centered Design. I.I. Bejar, D.M. Williamson, R.J. Mislevy, Human Scoring. H. Braun, I.I. Bejar, D.M. Williamson, Rule-Based Methods for Automated Scoring: Application in a Licensing Context. M.J. Margolis, B.E. Clauser, A Regression-Based Procedure for Automated Scoring of a Complex Medical Performance Assessment. H. Wainer, L.M. Brown, E.T. Bradlow, X. Wang, W.P. Skorupski, J. Boulet, R.J. Mislevy, An Application of Testlet Response Theory in the Scoring of a Complex Certification Exam. D.M. Williamson, R.G. Almond, R.J. Mislevy, R. Levy, An Application of Bayesian Networks in Automated Scoring of Computerized Simulation Tasks. R.H. Stevens, A. Casillas, Artificial Neural Networks. P. Deane, Strategies for Evidence Identification Through Linguistic Assessment of Textual Responses. K. Scalise, M. Wilson, Analysis and Comparison of Automated Scoring Approaches: Addressing Evidence-Based Assessment Principles. R.E. Bennett, Moving the Field Forward: Some Thoughts on Validity and Automated Scoring.
A Classification Method for Web Information Extraction

Web information extraction is viewed as a classification process and a competing classification method is presented to extract Web information directly through classification.Web fragments are represented with three general features and the similarities between fragments are then defined on the bases of these features.Through competitions of fragments for different slots in information templates, the method classifies fragments into slot classes and filters out noise information . Far less annotated samples are needed as compared with rule-based methods and therefore it has a strong portability.Experiments show that the method has good performance and is superior to DOM-based method in information extraction.
The Acquisition of Complex Sentences: Conclusion

This book presents a comprehensive study of how children acquire complex sentences. Drawing on observational data from English-speaking children aged 2 to 5, Holger Diessel investigates the acquisition of infinitival and participial complement clauses, finite complement clauses, finite and nonfinite relative clauses, adverbial clauses, and coordinate clauses. His investigation shows that the development of complex sentences originates from simple non-embedded sentences and that two different developmental pathways can be distinguished: complex sentences including complement and relative clauses evolve from simple sentences that are gradually expanded to multiple-clause constructions, and complex sentences including adverbial and coordinate clauses develop from simple sentences that are integrated in a specific biclausal unit. He argues that the acquisition process is determined by a variety of factors: the frequency of the various complex sentences in the ambient language, the semantic and syntactic complexity of the emerging constructions, the communicative functions of complex sentences, and the social-cognitive development of the child.
Interruption of People in Human-Computer Interaction: A General Unifying Definition of Human Interruption and Taxonomy

Abstract : User-interruption in human-computer interaction (HCI) is an increasingly important problem. Many of the useful advances in intelligent and multitasking computer systems have the significant side effect of greatly increasing user-interruption. This previously innocuous HCI problem has become critical to the successful function of many kinds of modern computer systems. Unfortunately, no HCI design guidelines exist for solving this problem. In fact, theoretical tools do not yet exist for investigating the HCI problem of user-interruption in a comprehensive and generalizable way. This report asserts that a single unifying definition of user-interruption and the accompanying practical taxonomy would be useful theoretical tools for driving effective investigation of this crucial HCI problem. These theoretical tools are constructed here. A comprehensive analysis is conducted through the existing literature. Theoretical constructs from several relevant but diverse fields are identified and discussed. A unifying definition of user-interruption is synthesized. This new definition is supported with an array of postulates, assertions, and a taxonomy of human interruption to facilitate its practical application.
A Nonblocking Optical Switching Network for Crosstalk-Free Permutation

Vertical stacking is a novel technique for building switching networks, and packing multiple compatible connections together is an effective strategy to reduce network hardware cost. In this paper, we study the crosstalk-free permutation capability of an optical switching network built on the vertical stacking of optical banyan networks to which packing strategy is applied. We first look into the nonblocking condition of this optical switching network. We then study the crosstalk-free permutation in this network by decomposing a permutation evenly into multiple crosstalk-free partial permutations (CFPPs) and realizing each CFPP in a stacked plane of the network such that a crosstalk-free permutation can be performed in a single pass. We present a rigorous proof of CFPP decomposability of a permutation and also a complete algorithm for CFPP decomposition. The possibility of a tradeoff between the number of passes and the number of planes required for realizing a crosstalk-free permutation in this network is also explored in this paper.
The relative role of serum albumin and urinary creatinine as biochemical indices for Nigerians with pulmonary tuberculosis

Objective: The objective is to evaluate roles of urinary creatinine and serum albumin as biochemical markers for monitoring the nutritional status of pulmonary tuerculosis patients during treatment. Design: This was a longitudinal study. Each patient was studied for six months. Settings: This study was carried out at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital. Subjects: Forty-five newly diagnosed patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were used for the study. Intervention (Method): Forty-five newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients were placed on six months short course regimen. Their weight, Body mass index, serum albumin and 24-hour urinary creatinine were determined before treatment, at the end of the 1st, 2nd, 4th and 6th month of treatment. Using ANOVA, the mean values of the weight, BIM and serum albumin were analysed with further analysis paired student T- test of the pre-treatment values with end of 6th month values. Main outcome measured: Their weight, body mass index, serum Albumin and 24-hour urinary creatinine were determined. Results: Thirty-one patients with mean age of 36.8 years completed the study. The pretreatment mean weight, body mass index, serum albumin were 49.53kg, 17.72kg/m2 and 26.7g/L respectively. The corresponding values at the end of the sixth month of treatment were 57.03kg. 20.4kgm2 and 39.97g/L. These three variables showed significant upward improvements. Conclusion: Both the body mass index and serum Albumin pretreatment values showed that the patients were malnourished at presentation. Serum albumin being more sensitive and more reliable than both weight and body mass index as revealed by this recommended as index for nutritional assessment in patient with tuberculosis. (Af. J. of Clinical and Experimental Microbiology: 2003 4(1): 72-77)
Formal Mentoring Programs in Education and Other Professions: A Review of the Literature

The sheer volume of literature on mentoring across a variety of disciplines is an indication of the high profile it has been afforded in recent years. This article draws on a structured analysis of more than 300 research-based articles on mentoring across three discipline areas in an attempt to make more valid inferences about the nature and outcomes of mentoring. It begins by reporting on the findings compiled from a database of research articles from educational contexts. These research-based articles are examined to determine the positive and more problematic outcomes of mentoring for the mentor, mentee, and the organization. A discussion of the findings from two other databases, namely, 151 research-based articles from business contexts and 82 articles from medical contexts, is provided, and commonalities across the three databases are highlighted. The article concludes with a discussion of key issues that administrators responsible for establishing mentoring programs should consider to maximize the experience of mentoring for all stakeholders.
Reflections on the evolution of innovative construction materials

Concrete is a material that offers considerably more options than just design for minimum strength. During the last years a lot of new types of concrete have been developed focussing the strength and durability, the speed of construction and environmental friendliness. Additionally, recent research on smart materials and smart structures is expected to yield promising approaches to address the various problems of deteriorating civil infrastructure.
A learning network framework for modern organizations

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to provide an integrated framework including knowledge management (KM), organizational learning (OL), and information and communication technologies (ICT). Design/methodology/approach – A synthesis of the existing literature with preliminary supporting empirical evidence reported is presented in the article.Findings – A theoretical framework is developed.Research limitations/implications – The results of the article can be used to guide ongoing research in the area of KM, OL, and ICT.Originality/value – The paper makes a contribution to understanding in the fields of KM and OL in particular and ICT secondarily.
An investigation into learner understanding of the properties of selected quadrilaterals using manipulatives in a grade eight mathematics class.

Benchara Blandford as quoted in Griffiths & Howson (1974) has provided the researcher with the inspiration to seek new methods of trying to improve the teaching and learning of geometry: "To me it appears a radically vicious method, certainly in geometry, if not in other subjects, to supply a child with ready-made definitions, to be subsequently memorized after being more or less carefully explained. To do this is surely to throwaway deliberately one of the most valuable agents of intellectual discipline. The evolving of a workable definition by the child's own activity stimulated by appropriate questions is both interesting and highly educational". Freudenthal (1973), who states that "the child should not be deprived of this privilege", further echoes this thinking. Recent literature on mathematics education, more especially on the teaching and learning of geometry, indicates a dire need for further investigations into the possibility of devising new strategies, or even improving present methods, in order to curb the problems that most learners have in geometry. It would seem that most educators and textbooks eschew the use of concrete manipulatives to teach important geometrical concepts, as they feel it is time-consuming and unnecessary since it creates noisier classrooms. In some cases, the educators have not been trained in the use of these manipulatives. This study intends highlighting the many uses that tangrams (a Chinese puzzle) have in enhancing learners' understanding of the properties of the square and rectangle, including the properties of their diagonals. The researcher also intends showing that the tangram pieces are an important cog in the wheel that keeps the geometry thinking and reasoning
Heeding the call for change : suggestions for curricular action

Now welcome, the most inspiring book today from a very professional writer in the world, heeding the call for change suggestions for curricular action. This is the book that many people in the world waiting for to publish. After the announced of this book, the book lovers are really curious to see how this book is actually. Are you one of them? That's very proper. You may not be regret now to seek for this book to read.
Trading Consistency for Availability in Distributed Systems

This paper shows that two important classes of actions, {\em non left commuting}\/ and {\em strongly non commuting}, cannot be executed by concurrent partitions in a system that provides serializable services. This result indicates that there is an inherent limitation to the ability of systems to provide services in a consistent manner during network partitions.
The Multigroup Common Factor Model With Minimal Uniqueness Constraints and the Power to Detect Uniform Bias

An alternative formulation of the multigroup common factor model with minimal uniqueness constraints is considered. This alternative formulation is based on a simple identification constraint that is related to the standard maximum likelihood constraint used in single-group common factor analysis. It is argued that the alternative formulation leads to less technical difficulties in applications than earlier formulations of this multigroup common factor model. Furthermore, associated tests for various measurement invariance constraints across groups are proposed, such as an omnibus test for the absence of uniform bias. By means of an empirical example, the fitting of several multigroup common factor models with minimal uniqueness constraints and the testing for measurement invariance over groups are demonstrated. The nesting of multigroup confirmatory factor models under the multigroup common factor model with minimal uniqueness constraints is also discussed. Finally, a small study is performed to investigate the drop in power to detect uniform bias in using the multigroup common factor model with minimal uniqueness constrains instead of a confirmatory special case. The results of the study show a small drop in power under all research conditions.
Evaluating the Effects of Standardized Patient Care Pathways on Clinical Outcomes

The main focus of this study is to create a standardized approach to evaluating the impact of the patient care pathways across all major disease categories and key outcome measures in a hospital setting when randomized clinical trials are not feasible. Toward this goal I identify statistical methods, control factors, and adjustments that can correct for potential confounding in observational studies. I investigate the efficiency of existing bias correction methods under varying conditions of imbalanced samples through a Monte Carlo simulation. The simulation results are then utilized in a case study for one of the largest primary diagnosis areas, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at the University of Tennessee Medical Center. The analysis of the COPD pathway effects on the readmission rates showed a significant positive impact, with reduction in the probability of readmissions between 12% and 16%. The reduction in the length of stay was reported across all the models with historical controls, but the effect was not statistically significant.
Initial work on development of an open Streaming Media Standard for Field of Light Displays (SMFoLD)

Interest in 3D viewing has been increasing signiﬁcantly over the last few years, with the vast majority of focus being on Virtual Reality (VR), a single-user form of Stereo 3D (S3D) with positional tracking, and Augmented Reality (AR) devices. However, Volumetric 3D displays and Light Field Displays (LFD) are also generating interest in the areas of operational and scien-tiﬁc analysis due to the unique capabilities of this class of hardware. The amount of available 3D data is also growing exponentially including computational simulation results, medical data (e.g. computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), ultrasound), computer-aided design (CAD) data, plenoptic camera data, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data, light detection and ranging (Li-DAR) data, 3D data from global positioning system (GPS) satellite scans, and numerous other 3D data sources. Much of this 3D data is available in the cloud and often at long distances from the application or user. While signiﬁcant progress has been made developing open standards for S3D devices, no standard has yet converged that would allow 3D data streaming for devices such as LFDs that display an assembly of simultaneous views for full par-allax and multi-user support without the need for specialized eye-wear. A 3D Streaming Standard is desired that will allow display of 3D scenes on any Streaming Media for Field of Light Displays (SMFoLD) compliant device including S3D, VR, AR, Volumetric 3D, and LFD devices. With support from the Air Force Research Laboratories, Third Dimension Technologies (TDT), in collaboration with Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and Insight Media, has initialized work on the development of an SMFoLD Open Standard.
Automatic Modulation Classification: Principles, Algorithms and Applications

Automatic Modulation Classification (AMC) has been a key technology in many military, security, and civilian telecommunication applications for decades. In military and security applications, modulation often serves as another level of encryption; in modern civilian applications, multiple modulation types can be employed by a signal transmitter to control the data rate and link reliability. This book offers comprehensive documentation of AMC models, algorithms and implementations for successful modulation recognition. It provides an invaluable theoretical and numerical comparison of AMC algorithms, as well as guidance on state-of-the-art classification designs with specific military and civilian applications in mind. Key Features: Provides an important collection of AMC algorithms in five major categories, from likelihood-based classifiers and distribution-test-based classifiers to feature-based classifiers, machine learning assisted classifiers and blind modulation classifiers Lists detailed implementation for each algorithm based on a unified theoretical background and a comprehensive theoretical and numerical performance comparison Gives clear guidance for the design of specific automatic modulation classifiers for different practical applications in both civilian and military communication systems Includes a MATLAB toolbox on a companion website offering the implementation of a selection of methods discussed in the book
New estimates for the performance of soft-decision sequential decoders

A recent new method analyzes sequential decoding under the sole constraint that a set error probability Pe is achieved. The result is a good estimate of the number of paths searched and the definition of the minimum possible search region in the code tree or trellis. This work extends the analysis to AWGN soft-decision channels. We find the AWGN channel output quantization that leads to the minimum decoding effort. Large reductions in path searching are possible with three-level quantization, whereas octal quantization achieves most of the savings. Furthermore, the channel quantization that optimises the decoder work is not the one that maximizes the capacity. Overall, savings from soft decision are more dramatic at high code rates and in poor channels, in many cases being a must to achieve decoder feasibility. <<ETX>>