Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
p21^ Gene is involved in chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells in vitro

Development of skeletal cartilage is characterized with coupling growth arrest and cell differentiation. Here, to understand the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors involved in the progression of chondrogenic differentiation, we examined changes in the expression levels of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor members using mouse ATDC5 prechondrocytes as a widely used in vitro model of cartilage differentiation. Up-regulation of p21 and p27 mRNA was observed following a decrease in growth rate of prechondrocytes, and both transcripts subsequently accumulated during chondrogenic differentiation; p15 , p18 , and p19 mRNA, in contrast, did not change during differentiation. Only the up-regulation of p21 mRNA during differentiation was prevented by the continuous treatment of early chondrogenic inhibitor, parathyroid hormone, indicating a close correlation between differentiation and p21 induction in ATDC5 cells. Therefore, to examine the role of p21 during chondrogenesis, we established stable cell lines overexpressing full-length p21 antisense RNA in ATDC5. The reduction of endogenous p21 in these cell lines caused inhibition of early chondrogenic differentiation in ATDC5, indicating that p21 gene plays an important role in this process of the cells in vitro . Furthermore, the level of p21 protein
Open electric propulsion with an application to thermionic orificed hollow cathodes

The concept of open data and software for electric propulsion is discussed and exemplified by an open database that contains over 40 years of thermionic orificed hollow cathode experimental data. Because scaling laws for electric propulsion devices must be verified over a wide range of operating conditions, access to data is critical. Examples of statistical analysis that can be performed with the dataset and resulting physical insights are presented. The empirical analysis conducted suggests that the ratio of total to magnetic pressure inside hollow cathodes depends on at most two other non-dimensional parameters and that the value of 3.7 Torr-cm for the total pressure-insert diameter product is likely a sufficient condition for nominal cathode operation. Solutions to increase the sharing of data and software in the electric propulsion community are suggested.
Interaction of Polyoxometalates and Nanoparticles with Collector Surfaces—Focus on the Use of Streaming Current Measurements at Flat Surfaces

Streaming current measurements were used to study the interaction of polyoxometalates (POMs) and nanoparticles (NPs) with flat surfaces as an alternative, innovative approach to infer POM and NP properties of potential sparse material in terms of charge and magnitude. With respect to POMs, the approach was able to reveal subtle details of charging properties of +7 vs. +8 charge at very low POM concentrations. For NPs, the sign of charge and even the zeta-potential curve was retrieved. Concerning NPs, mutual interaction between TiO2 and SiO2 surfaces was studied in some detail via macroscopic measurements. Post-mortem analysis of samples from electrokinetic studies and separate investigations via AFM and HRTEM verified the interactions between TiO2 NPs and SiO2 collector surfaces. The interactions in the SiO2/TiO2 system depend to some extent on NP morphology, but in all our systems, irreversible interactions were observed, which would make the studied types of NPs immobile in natural environments. Overall, we conclude that the measurement of streaming currents at flat surfaces is valuable (i) to study NP and POM collector surface interactions and (ii) to simultaneously collect NPs or POM (or other small mobile clusters) for further (structural, morphological or release) investigations.
Are Shadow Economy and Corruption in US States Substitutive or Complementary? An Empirical Investigation

Bu ampirik calisma ABD’de kayit disi ekonominin kucuk oldugu eyaletlerde kayit disi ekonomi ve yolsuzluk arasinda negatif bir iliskinin oldugunu (birbirinin yerine gecen); kayit disi ekonominin buyuk oldugu eyaletlerde ise pozitif (birbirini tamamlayan) oldugunu gostermektedir. 2001-2008 yillari arasinda, ABD’deki 50 eyalete ait verilere dayali yapilan regresyon analiz sonuclarina gore, bu iliskinin negatiften pozitife gectigi donum noktasi, eyaletteki kayit disi ekonominin GSYIH’nin %7,61’i kadar oldugu yerdedir: Kayit disi ekonomi ve yolsuzluk once birbirinin yerine gecmekte daha sonra ise birbirlerini tamamlamaktadirlar. Yolsuzluk ve kayit disi ekonomi arasindaki iliskinin degisken oldugunu goz onune aldigimizda, yolsuzluga karsi basit bir politika kurali olamayacagi ortaya cikmaktadir.
Intraoperative Imaging of Cortical Blood Flow by Camera-Based Photoplethysmography at Green Light

Intraoperative evaluation of blood perfusion in the brain cortex is an important but hitherto unresolved problem. Our aim was to demonstrate the feasibility of cerebral microcirculation assessment during open brain surgery by using camera-based photoplethysmography (cbPPG) synchronized with an electrocardiograph. Cortical blood flow was monitored in five patients with different diagnoses. Two cases (tumor resection and extra-intracranial bypass grafting) are presented in detail. Blood-flow parameters were visualized after processing cortex images recorded under green-light illumination before and after surgical intervention. In all cases, blood flow was successfully visualized in >95% of open brain. Distributions of blood pulsation amplitude, a parameter related to cortical blood perfusion; pulse arrival time; and blood-pressure-pulse shape were calculated with high spatial resolution (in every pixel). Changes in cerebral blood supply caused by surgical intervention were clearly revealed. We have shown that the temporal spread of pulse arrival time and the spatiotemporal variability of pulse shape are very sensitive markers of brain circulatory disturbances. The green-light cbPPG system offers a new approach to objective assessment of blood-flow changes in the brain during surgical intervention. The proposed system allows for contactless monitoring of cortex blood flow in real time with high resolution, thus providing useful information for surgery optimization and minimization of brain tissue damage.
Inhibitory effect of artesunate on the growth of breast cancer cells and its mechanism

Objective To investigate the function of artesunate on the growth of breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and its potential mechanism. Methods CCK-8 assays were used to measure growth inhibition in breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) in the presence of artesunate, the IC50 was calculated. Based on the IC50 values, various artesunate concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100 μg/ml) were used to experiments in this paper. 0 μg/ml artesunate group served as the control group, using normal saline instead of the artesunate. Apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential were analyzed by flow cytometry, after the treatment of various artesunate concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100 μg/ml) for 24 hours. Migration and invasion of the MDA-MB-231 cells were evaluated using wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively, after the treatment of various artesunate concentrations (0, 25 μg/ml) for 24 hours. Results Artesunate inhibited the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 values for MDA-MB-231 of 54.24 μg/ml. Compared to mock-treated cells, artesunate significantly increased apoptosis, while the mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly decreased after 24 h of exposure to different concentrations of artesunate (P<0.01), in a dose-dependent manner. The cell migration and invasion abilities were also lower in the 25 μg/ml artesunate treated cells than these abilities in the mock-treated cells. Conclusions Artesunate could inhibit the growth of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and inhibit its invasion and migration ability by inducing apoptosis and decreasing mitochondrial membrane potential. DOI: 10.11855/j.issn. 0577-7402.2020. 08.03
Rootworm management: status of GM traits, insecticides and potential new tools.

Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) and northern corn rootworm (Diabrotica barberi (Smith and Lawrence)) are major pests of maize in the USA. These pests have been managed with a variety of tactics over the last century. Both Diabrotica spp. have adapted to crop rotation in different ways in certain regions of the USA as well as to some of the insecticides targeted at them. D. v. virgifera has adapted to more of the chemical control measures and transgenic control methods. Discussed in this review are the challenges associated with managing both species, and how current management strategies might be combined and implemented to help manage damage from these species. Also, we discuss the potential for new technologies, such as RNA interference, to be used in the future.
Mécanismes de relocalisation de la Glucose-regulated protein 78 à la surface des cellules du cancer de l'ovaire

Afin de mieux comprendre les mecanismes cellulaires impliques dans le developpement du cancer de l'ovaire, nous nous sommes interesses a la proteine GRP78. Dans les cellules cancereuses, la GRP78 du RE est relocalisee a la surface cellulaire et participe au developpement tumoral. Afin d'apporter des informations sur les mecanismes de transport de la GRP78 du RE a la membrane plasmique, nous avons investigue le role d'un potentiel partenaire : la proteine Par-4. Nous confirmons l'implication de Par-4 dans, 1) le transport de la GRP78 a la membrane plasmique et, 2) le developpement tumoral et la reponse au taxol dans le cancer de l'ovaire. Nous avons egalement investigue l'implication des differents domaines de la GRP78 dans son transport a la membrane plasmique et montrons que le SBD joue un role important. Enfin, nous suggerons que la forme transmembranaire au niveau du RE ne serait pas l'« origine » de la forme transmembranaire a la surface cellulaire.
Multi-satellite precipitation products for meteorological drought assessment and forecasting in Central India

Abstract In this study, a comparative analysis of three satellite precipitation products including the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM-3B43 V7), the Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks-Climate Data Record (PERSIANN-CDR), and the Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS V2) with ground-measured Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) precipitation data were performed to estimate the meteorological drought in the Bundelkhand region of Central India. The high-resolution CHIRPS data showed the closest agreement with the IMD precipitation and well captured the drought characteristics. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) identified seven major droughts events during the period of 1981 to 2016. Appropriate calibration and validation were performed for drought forecasting using the Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. The forecasting result showed a reasonably good agreement with the observed datasets with the one-month lead time. The outcomes of this study have policy level implications for drought monitoring and preparedness in this region.
Inhibition of migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells by Snail-regulated MiR-375 through JAK2 targeting.

56 Background: Migration and invasion of cancer cells are essential process during cancer metastatic procession. In gastric cancer, cells invasion into the surrounding tissue is a crucial early step. However, the mechanisms have not been fully understood. MicroRNAs, which are a class of small single-stranded non-coding RNA, participate in the malignant progressions of cancer, including metastasis. We study the association between specific dysregulated miRNA and specific metastasis step of gastric cancer, which will provide insights into the potential mechanisms of gastric cancer cells migration, invasion and metastasis. Methods: The expression of miR-375 was assayed using the quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Scratch-wound healing assay, Transwell migration and invasion assay were conducted to study the migration and invasion abilities of cells. Animal experiment was also conducted to examine the effect on liver and lung metastases by overexpression of miR-375. Luciferase assay was conducted to study t.
The implication of transformative pedagogy in classroom teaching: A case of Bhutan

Bhutanese teachers received training on transformative pedagogy to heighten the quality of teaching methods. However, given the paucity of the study, little is known about the implication of transformative pedagogy. Therefore, exploratory study was carried out to ascertain the implication of transformative pedagogy in Bhutanese classroom teaching. Twenty teachers (N=20) took part in face to face interviews. The data was analysed based on the framework of manifest content analysis advocated by Bengtsson (2016). Findings suggest that transformative pedagogy has the positive implication to Bhutanese classroom teaching. Findings also show that the practice of transformative pedagogy is limited by curricular design, classroom structure, and the notion of teacher being the source of all knowledge. The suitability issue of transformative pedagogy in the context of curricular design, classroom structures, and the affinity towards traditional teaching methods are discussed.
Dissolved organic matter regulates nutrient limitation and growth of benthic algae in northern lakes through interacting effects on nutrient and light availability

Widespread increases in dissolved organic matter (DOM) concentration across northern lakes can alter rates of primary production by increasing nutrient availability and decreasing light availability. These dual effects of DOM generate a unimodal relationship in pelagic primary production and primary producer biomass among lakes over a gradient of DOM concentration. However, the responses of benthic algae to variation in DOM loading are less clear because of their potential to access sediment nutrients. We tested algal production and nutrient limitation along a DOM gradient in northern Sweden. Without added nutrients, benthic algal production showed a unimodal relationship with DOM, similar to reported pelagic responses. Nutrient addition revealed widespread nitrogen limitation, with decreasing severity in lakes with higher DOM. Because the majority of northern Swedish lakes currently fall below the inflection point in this unimodal relationship, moderate increases in DOM have the potential to increase benthic primary production, particularly for epilithic algae.
A Test of the Diatom‐Bound Paleoproxy: Tracing the Isotopic Composition of Nutrient‐Nitrogen Into Southern Ocean Particles and Sediments

Sedimentary nitrogen isotope (as δ15N) records from the Southern Ocean provide critical constraints on surface nutrient consumption in the past and the role of Southern Ocean biophysical changes in setting atmospheric pCO2. We present a field assessment of how surface nitrate consumption is reflected in δ15N values of total nitrogen and diatom‐bound nitrogen pools of particles and sediments across the Southern Ocean along 170°W during late austral summer. Mixed layer nitrate δ15N values increase northwards associated with greater nitrate drawdown. Particles and sediments are expected to follow this trend. Contrary to expectations, surface ocean particle total nitrogen and diatom‐bound δ15N values decreased northward during the late summer, likely due to recycling of nitrogen and the assimilation of regenerated ammonium, as well as nitrate. The relationship between δ15N values of the total nitrogen and diatom‐bound pools remains relatively constant across this Southern Ocean transect, suggesting that the isotopic composition of these two surface ocean nitrogen pools are largely set by the δ15N value(s) of the assimilated nutrient(s). Surface sediment δ15N values do increase away from the region of maximum biogenic silica deposition, suggesting that the recycled nitrogen isotopic signal observed in late summer particles may not significantly impact the sedimentary record. However, the enrichment in δ15N values of the diatom‐bound pool is greater than what is expected from progressive utilization of the surface nitrate alone and not yet explained.
Co13O8—metalloxocubes: a new class of perovskite-like neutral clusters with cubic aromaticity

Abstract Exploring stable clusters to understand structural evolution from atoms to macroscopic matter and to construct new materials is interesting yet challenging in chemistry. Utilizing our newly developed deep-ultraviolet laser ionization mass spectrometry technique, here we observe the reactions of neutral cobalt clusters with oxygen and find a very stable cluster species of Co13O8 that dominates the mass distribution in the presence of a large flow rate of oxygen gas. The results of global-minimum structural search reveal a unique cubic structure and distinctive stability of the neutral Co13O8 cluster that forms a new class of metal oxides that we named as ‘metalloxocubes’. Thermodynamics and kinetics calculations illustrate the structural evolution from icosahedral Co13 to the metalloxocube Co13O8 with decreased energy, enhanced stability and aromaticity. This class of neutral oxygen-passivated metal clusters may be an ideal candidate for genetic materials because of the cubic nature of the building blocks and the stability due to cubic aromaticity.
ANTI-BACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF SOME ACTIVE CONSTITUENTS ISOLATED FROM PHLOMIS FLOCCOSA D. DON.

he present study aimed to evaluate the anti-bacterial activities (in vitro) of the total extract of 70% methanol and successive extracts of different organic solvents (petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol, 50% methanol extracts), and their isolated compounds of the vegetative parts and flowers of Phlomis floccosa against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus spp. and Staphylococcus aureus. Where the best antibacterial active extract for vegetative parts was chloroform, while it was petroleum ether extract for flowers. Isolation and purification of the major compounds of the active fractions concluded that, 7, 3', 4'-trimethoxy quercetin (flavonoid) and hahnfett (hydrocarbon) were detected in the vegetative parts, meanwhile, stewertiisin B (sesquiterpene) was detected in the flowers. The three isolated compounds showed active inhibition of the bacterial growth.
JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE (HELIANTHUS TUBEROSUS L.) AND CHICORY (CICHORIUM INTYBUS L.): POTENTIAL CROPS FOR INULIN PRODUCTION IN THE MEDITERRANEAN AREA

Abstract Chicory and Jerusalem artichoke are among the best crops for inulin production. Inulin and other polyfructosides are mainly used for the production of high-fructose syrups, foods and for the production of ethanol and in the non-food industry. This work reports on field trials conducted over a 2-yr period (1999-2000) on chicory and Jerusalem artichoke in south Italy at Policoro (40° 13’ N, 16° 45’ E, 15 m a.s.l.), a typical Mediterranean area. The aim of the study was to determine the biomass and carbohydrates’ dynamics of both species, and define the most suitable growing techniques for the highest inulin production. The main agronomic factors (irrigation and harvest time) were investigated. Crop yields were influenced by the growing techniques tested, and promising results were achieved especially in terms of inulin quality.
Potential of Mycovirus in the Biological Control of Fungal Plant Pathogens: A Review

Fungal pathogenic populations such as Sclerotinia, Rhizoctonia and Fusarium are ubiquitous and have broad range of host enabling them to cause a severe infection resulting in huge yield losses. Albeit the various tactics such as cultural, mechanical implemented to counteract the havoc, it still creates a formidable challenge to the researchers to keep the pathogenic population below threshold. From Eco-friendly sustenance perspective, Biological control can play a vital role in combination along with the other efficient tactics. In field condition various strains are available having two characters namely virulent and hypovirulent, the latter may exhibit hypovirulent nature genetically or due to the invasion of mycoviruses becomes hypovirulent. In both the cases are of interest to the researchers in studying the biological control exhibited by the mycoviruses. The biocontrol agents include Mycoviruses, which plays a significant role in infecting the virulent fungal pathogen by reducing their virulence giving to a phenomenon known as Hypovirulence. Their genome consist of mostly dsRNA and others include +ssRNA, -ssRNA and dsDNA. These studies in fungal and viral interaction can lead to the development of novel biological control strategies and help us to explore upto the molecular level.
Performance of wheat variety Shalimar Wheat-2 under rainfed conditions of temperate Kashmir as influenced by sowing dates and nitrogen levels

1Division of Agronomy, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, FOA, Wadura, Jammu and Kashmir-193201 2Division of Soil Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, FOH, Shalimar, Jammu and Kashmir-190006 3Dryland Agricultural Research Station, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, J&K, India 4Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Khudwani, Anantnag-192 101, J&K, India
Quantifying the Urban Visual Perception of Chinese Traditional-Style Building with Street View Images

As a symbol of Chinese culture, Chinese traditional-style architecture defines the unique characteristics of Chinese cities. The visual qualities and spatial distribution of architecture represent the image of a city, which affects the psychological states of the residents and can induce positive or negative social outcomes. Hence, it is important to study the visual perception of Chinese traditional-style buildings in China. Previous works have been restricted by the lack of data sources and techniques, which were not quantitative and comprehensive. In this paper, we proposed a deep learning model for automatically predicting the presence of Chinese traditional-style buildings and developed two view indicators to quantify the pedestrians’ visual perceptions of buildings. Using this model, Chinese traditional-style buildings were automatically segmented in streetscape images within the Fifth Ring Road of Beijing and then the perception of Chinese traditional-style buildings was quantified with two view indictors. This model can also help to automatically predict the perception of Chinese traditional-style buildings for new urban regions in China, and more importantly, the two view indicators provide a new quantitative method for measuring the urban visual perception in street level, which is of great significance for the quantitative research of tourism route and urban planning.