Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Arrecifes de coral utilizados como zonas de colectas para exhibiciones en el Acuario Nacional de Cuba, I. Costa Norooccidental de La Habana, Cuba

Entre octubre del 2000 y abril del 2001 se caracterizo la comunidad de corales de tres arrecifes, de la costa norte de La Habana, utilizados para colectas de acuario (calle 60, Barlovento y Salado). Los muestreos se efectuaron en 7 biotopos entre 1 y 20 m de profundidad mediante el uso de marcos de 1 m 2 , de 25 x 25 cm y del transecto lineal de 10m. Se encontro cobertura por alga superior al 70% en todos los arrecifes. Las macroalgas carnosas dominaron en los arrecife mas cercanos a la ciudad (calle 60 y Barlovento) y el cesped de algas en el mas alejado (Salado). El cubrimiento por corales vivos vario entre el 10 y el 20% en los biotopos de mas desarrollo coralino. La diversidad de corales fue similar en los arrecifes. Se identificaron 29 especies, de las cuales las mas abundantes fueron Porites astreoides , Agaricia agaricites y Siderastrea siderea. La densidad de gorgonias y esponjas fue baja en la zona. Se encontro la mayor ab undancia de gorgonias en El Salado y la de esponjas en Barlovento. La comunidad de corales mostro tendencia a incrementar el numero de especies, la densidad de colonias, el cubrimiento y las tallas en el arrecife de El Salado y en los biotopos de camellones y veril pared. De los tres arrecifes estudiados el de Calle 60 es el menos ap ropiado para efectuar colectas con fines de exhibiciones de acuario
Hydra, a model system for deciphering the mechanisms of aging and resistance to aging

The freshwater cnidarian polyp named Hydra, which can be mass-cultured in the laboratory, is characterized by a highly dynamic homeostasis with a continuous self-renewal of its three adult stem cell populations, the epithelial stem cells from the epidermis, the epithelial stem cells from the gastrodermis, and the multipotent interstitial stem cells, which provide cells of the nervous system, gland cells and germ cells. Two unusual features characterize these stem cells that cannot replace each other, they all avoid G1 to pause in G2, and the two epithelial populations are concomitantly multifunctional and stem cells. H. vulgaris that does not show any signs of aging over the years, resists to weeks of starvation and adapts to the loss of neurogenesis, providing a unique model system to study the resistance to aging. By contrast some strains of a distinct species named H. oligactis undergo a rapid aging process when undergoing gametogenesis or when placed in stress conditions. The aging phenotype is characterized by the rapid loss of somatic interstitial stem cells, the progressive reduction in epithelial stem cell self-renewal, the loss of regeneration, the disorganization of the neuro-muscular system, the loss of the feeding behavior, and the death of all animals within about three months. We review here the possible mechanisms that help H. vulgaris to sustain stem cell self-renewal and thus bypass aging processes. For this, FoxO seems to act as a pleiotropic actor, regulating stem cell proliferation, stress response and apoptosis. In H. oligactis, the regulation of the autophagy flux differs between aging-sensitive and aging-resistant animals, pointing to a key role for proteostasis in the maintenance of a large pool of active and plastic epithelial stem cells.
Dynamics of blue grama within a shortgrass ecosystem.

Highlight: The dynamics of standing crop for live, dead, and litter compartments of blue grama were studied for 2 years to formulate equations useful for predicting growth rates over 2-week intervals. During the period of rapid vegetative growth, 54% of the variation in rates of changes for live herbage was accounted for by the amount of live herbage present at a given time. During the declining period, the amount of live herbage, leaf moisture, and air temperature accounted for 58% of the variation in net changes. The transfer rate from live to dead herbage was 0.22% of the live herbage per day during the growing season, while litter accumulated from the dead herbage at a rate of 0.31%o per day. This transfer rate became 0.0867o per day during the non-growing season. Litter decomposed during the growing season at a rate of 0. 35% per day.
Characterizing the allopolyploid species among the wild relatives of soybean: Utility of reduced representation genotyping methodologies

Allopolyploidy is a common feature in many angiosperm genera. The perennial wild relatives of soybean in the genus Glycine include at least nine recently formed (within the last million years) allopolyploid taxa. This study examined three allopolyploid and four diploid progenitor taxa using genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and network analysis. Genotyping by sequencing (GBS) was used to generate SNPs and results were compared with previous analyses from transcriptome data. Three lanes of Illumina sequencing produced genotypes for 70 accessions and an alignment of 22 806 SNPs across eight taxa with no missing data. The alignment combined with network analysis confirmed results from previous studies. In addition, the extended sampling made possible by GBS identified accessions that have either been misclassified or samples that came from mixed seed stocks. The most intriguing results are the discovery of previously unrecognized substructure within diploid taxa, and the likelihood that allopolyploids were derived from particular subgroups. Separation of allopolyploid SNPs into SNPs derived from homoeologous progenitor species indicate that allopolyploids no longer share genotypes with their diploid progenitors but have evolved separately long enough for signals from direct progenitor genotypes to be obscured.
Subthreshold Oscillations and Persistent Activity Modulate Spike Output in the Rodent Dentate Gyrus

It is known that the hippocampus is important in learning, memory and spatial navigation. How it performs these tasks at the cellular level in response to neurotransmitters and oscillations in neural circuitry is poorly understood. To determine the role of subthreshold oscillations and persistent activity in information processing in cellular circuits within the hippocampus, I chose two different methods. First, I used whole cell recordings in rat hippocampal slices in vitro to elucidate the role of cholinergic modulation on hippocampal cells. Cholinergic modulation causes dynamic changes in neuronal circuits through the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. I found that cholinergic modulation within the dentate gyrus increased the excitability of dentate mossy cells but not local interneurons through activation of an M1 receptor. During cholinergic modulation, plateau potentials and persistent activity could be stabilized or completely turned off by inhibitory potentials generated by activation of local interneurons. Second, I used in vivo whole cell recordings in awake head-fixed mice to investigate subthreshold oscillations in dentate gyrus cells to determine their response during animal movement. I found that dentate gyrus neurons xi demonstrated subthreshold oscillations in the 8-15 Hz frequency band that were initiated near the onset of spontaneous bouts of motion. These oscillations often preceded the movement onset and their strength in the first 2-seconds was largest in movements along the animals natural forward/backward direction. Lastly, the power of this oscillation would predict the duration of time the animal would run. This data suggest that dynamic changes in network excitability as the result of cholinergic release or subthreshold oscillation functions to control the cellular processes responsible for memory formation and spatial navigation.
Rapamycin (AY-22,989), a new antifungal antibiotic. II. Fermentation, isolation and characterization.:II. FERMENTATION, ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION

: Rapamycin is a new antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces hygroscopicus NRRL 5491. It was isolated from the mycelium by solvent extraction, purified by silica gel column chromatography and crystallized as a colorless solid which melts at 183 approximately to 185 degrees C and has the empirical formula C56H89NO14. From its characteristic ultraviolet absorption spectrum rapamycin can be classified as a triene. It is highly active against various Candida species, especially Candida albicans. Its activity is compared with that of amphotericin B, candicidin and nystatin.
Effect of Bartonella spp. on the Freezing Tolerance in Female Ixodes scapularis

The aim of the current study was to determine the effect of Bartonella spp . on the freezing tolerance of engorged and non-engorged female Ixodes scapularis (Say). Bartonella is a genus of pathogenic vector-transmitted gram-negative bacteria, implicated in zoonotic disease transmission. I. scapularis ticks collected throughout Nova Scotia, Canada underwent freezing tolerance testing. DNA extraction, PCR and gel electrophoresis were then conducted to determine the presence and prevalence of Bartonella spp . in the experimental population. The experimental results demonstrated that the changes in the freezing tolerance as a result of the presence of Bartonella spp . were not statistically significant. The infection rate observed in the experimental population was 58.61%; this was significantly higher comparable to the infection rate found in earlier research. It was concluded that Bartonella spp . had no altering physiological effect on Ixodes scapularis .
Large scale analysis of olfactory receptors with highly genetically variations in relation with specific anosmia

Olfaktorische Rezeptoren (ORs) sind heptahelicale G-Protein gekoppelte Rezeptoren und bilden im menschlichen Genom die groste Gruppe von Plasma Membran Rezeptoren. Der erste Schritt zur Wahrnehmung von Duftstoffen wird von ORs vermittelt. Dabei ist zu beachten, dass beim Menschen jeder Duftstoff unterschiedlich bewertet werden kann. ORs konnen eine grose Breite von chemischen Strukturen wahrnehmen. Um mehr uber den Zusammenhang zwischen ORs und deren chemischen Liganden zu verstehen, haben wir in dieser Studie Liganden-Rezeptor Interaktionen fur humane ORs untersucht, von denen Kopienzahlvariation (CNVs) oder Segregierende Pseudogene (SPGs) bekannt sind. Dabei werden Liganden benutzt, von denen bekannt ist, dass sie von einigen Menschen nicht wahrgenommen werden konnen. Es wurden 18 ORs deorphanisiert, die SPGs und CNVs aufwiesen. Dabei zeigte sich, dass es keinen einfachen oder direkten Zusammenhang zwischen den molekularen Strukturen und aktiven Rezeptoren gibt.
Reproductive Assurance through Autogamous Self-Pollination across Diverse Sexual and Breeding Systems

Pollination becomes a constraint when conspecific plants and/or their pollinators become scarce. Many plant species have evolved autogamous self-pollination as a means of reproductive assurance (RA) under pollination-uncertain environments. So far RA has been studied and discussed largely with reference to self-compatible species producing bisexual flowers. RA seems to have evolved across all other sexual and breeding systems - monoecy, dioecy and self-incompatibility (SI). Both monoecy and dioecy produce bisexual flowers (andro/gyno-monoecy, andro/gynodioecy and polygamous conditions) which may provide RA. Similarly, most of the SI species are leaky and do set some seeds upon self-pollination. This phenomenon termed 'partial self-compatibility' is quite common and does provide RA in SI species. Although dioecy and SI have evolved as obligate outbreeding systems, they seem to have reached an evolutionary dead end because of the constraints for outcross pollination. In the light of habitat destruction leading to a reduction in the diversity and density of native pollinators, it is likely that many of the obligate outbreeders tend to shift to mixed mating system in the coming decades. Similarly, obligate mutualism in which each plant species is dependent on one animal species for pollination also seems to have reached a dead end and the trend is to abandon such obligate mutualism as a survival strategy. In the absence of such a change, obligate out breeders and those with highly specialized pollination system are likely to become endangered or even extinct.
Mathematical growth model for organically grown pepper transplants

Abstract This study was conducted in a temperature-controlled greenhouse, with six partitions, during different growing periods in the year (seeds sown on 29 September for 1st period; 2 December for 2nd period; 18 March for 3rd period and 6 July for 4th period). Immediately after sowing, shading material with 50% shading capacity was used in 1, 2 and 3 layers in each period to create different light intensities. A control treatment without shading nets was also created. Pepper (Capsicum annum L. cv Yalova Çarliston) was used as the plant material. Transplant height, stem diameter, leaf area, total dry weight, leaf stomatal conductivity and leaf chlorophyll contents were measured as quality parameters for the transplants. Significant differences were observed in the quality parameters related to the growing periods, shading treatments and growing period × shading interactions. A mathematical model was developed to estimate the number of days required to produce ready transplants, by using the variation values created in the different growing periods and shading treatments.
GFP: A quantitative indicator of the amount of lipid rafts in yeast cell

Lipid rafts (LR) are cholesterol-enriched micro domains of the cell membrane and possess a highly dynamic nature. Lipid rafts have been implicated in signaling pathways and in cancer progression. We emit the hypothesis that the amount of lipid rafts vary from healthy to cancerous cells and that certain conditions such as larger production of cholesterol may be the cause of cancer production. The aim is to analyze the binding property of GFP and cholesterol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc) cell membrane. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc) cell is very good candidates for studying the lipid contents of their membrane. Finally, the aim of this review is to validate the possibility of studying lipid rafts to make a connection between lipid content of cell membrane with cause of cancer.
Membrane Topology and Identification of Critical Amino Acid Residues in the Wzx O-Antigen Translocase from Escherichia coli O157:H7

Volume 192, no. 23, p. 6160-6171, 2010. Page 6160: The title should appear as shown above. Page 6165: Fig. ​Fig.33 should appear as shown below. (The wzxEcO157 gene was obtained by PCR cloning from genomic DNA of strain UWO934-88, a clinical isolate of E. coli O157:H7 [Marolda et al., Microbiology 150:4095-4105, 2004], and its amino acid sequence is identical to that of GenBank accession no. AE005429_8. The amino acid sequence of WzxEcO157 includes an N-terminal fusion to the FLAG epitope. To construct this fusion, the first Met of wild-type WzxEcO157 was changed to Gly [position 1/13]. The amino acid numbers in the figure correspond to the original positions in the wild-type protein [Gly-13 corresponds to Met-1]. The tyrosine residue at position 319 in the original figure was misplaced, and its normal location is at position 253. The methionine at position 405 was displaced graphically but is actually located at the end of cytosolic loop 5.) FIG. 3. Page 6168: Table ​Table33 should appear as shown below (column heads have been corrected). TABLE 3.
Sparse recovery: from vectors to tensors

Recent advances in various fields such as telecommunications, biomedicine and economics, among others, have created enormous amount of data that are often characterized by their huge size and high dimensionality. It has become evident, from research in the past couple of decades, that sparsity is a flexible and powerful notion when dealing with these data, both from empirical and theoretical viewpoints. In this survey, we review some of the most popular techniques to exploit sparsity, for analyzing high-dimensional vectors, matrices and higher-order tensors.
Common neural responses to narrative speech in disorders of consciousness

Objective Clinical assessment of auditory attention in patients with disorders of consciousness is often limited by motor impairment. Here, we employ inter-subject correlations among electroencephalography responses to naturalistic speech in order to assay auditory attention among patients and healthy controls. Methods Electroencephalographic data were recorded from 20 subjects with disorders of consciousness and 14 healthy controls during of two narrative audio stimuli, presented both forwards and time-reversed. Inter-subject correlation of evoked electroencephalography signals were calculated, comparing responses of both groups to those of the healthy control subjects. This analysis was performed blinded and subsequently compared to the diagnostic status of each patient based on the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised. Results Subjects with disorders of consciousness exhibit significantly lower inter-subject correlation than healthy controls during narrative speech. Additionally, while healthy subjects had higher inter-subject correlation values in forward vs. backwards presentation, neural responses did not vary significantly with the direction of playback in subjects with disorders of consciousness. Increased inter-subject correlation values in the backward speech condition were noted with improving disorder of consciousness diagnosis, both in cross-sectional analysis and in a subset of patients with longitudinal data. Interpretation Inter-subject correlation of neural responses to narrative speech audition differentiates healthy controls from patients and appears to index clinical diagnoses in disorders of consciousness.
COMMENTARY Rising behind NO: cGMP-dependent protein kinases

Over the past few years, a wealth of biochemical and functional data has been gathered on mammalian cGMPdependent protein kinases (cGKs). In mammals, three different kinases are encoded by two genes. Mutant and chimeric cGMP kinase proteins generated by molecular biology techniques have yielded important biochemical knowledge, such as the function of the N-terminal domains of cGKI and cGKII, the identity of the cGMP-binding sites of cGKI, the substrate specificity of the enzymes and structural details of the catalytic center. Genetic approaches have proved to be especially useful for the analysis of the biological function of cGKs. Recently, some of the in vivo targets and mechanisms leading to smooth muscle relaxation have been identified. In vivo targets are the myosin-binding subunit of myosin phosphatase (PP1M), a member of the protein phosphatase 1, the calcium-activated maxi K + channel and a new protein named IRAG that forms a complex with the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3) receptor and cGKI. Phosphorylation of PP1M by cGKIα activates myosin phosphatase, whereas phosphorylation of IRAG by cGKIβ decreases Ins(1,4,5)P3-induced calcium release. cGKII regulates in vivo intestinal fluid secretion by phosphorylation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), bone growth and renal renin secretion by phosphorylation of unknown proteins. SUMMARY
Cyclamen graecum ekstraktlarinin siçan alt gastrointestinal sistem üzerindeki etkilerinin histokimyasal olarak araştirilmasi Histochemical investigation of the effects of Cyclamen graecum extracts on the rat lower gastrointestinal system

Aim: It is known that saponins, triterpenoid or steroidal glycosides, have effects on gastrointestinal system (GIS) and mucus. Cyclamen graecum, a tuberous plant belonging to the Primulaceae family, contains cyclamin as the main saponin. In the present study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of C. graecum tubers ethanolic extracts at the concentrations of 0.1 and 0.3 g/L on the rat lower GIS histomorphology and mucus intensity. Material-Method: In this study, rats were allocated to 3 groups, each comprising 5 rats (Group I: Control group, physiologic saline was administered; Group II: Experimental group, 0.1 g/L(aq) C. graecum extract was administered; Group III: Experimental group, 0.3 g/L(aq) C. graecum extract was administered). C. graecum tubers ethanolic extracts were given orally to the rats during 10 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS), Alcian Blue (AB) pH 1 and AB pH 2.5 histochemical staining techniques were employed on the tissue samples of small and large intestines in order to demonstrate the histomorphological structures, the neutral, sulphated and acidic mucosubstances, respectively. Results: In both experimental groups, small and large intestine histomorphology, and AB and PAS positive reaction intensities of neutral, acidic, and sulphated mucosubstances were similar to the control group. Discussion: It can be suggested that the C. graecum ethanolic extract has no effect on the rat lower GIS histomorphology and mucus intensity at the administered doses in our study.
Biochemical Characterization of the Soluble Organic Matrix of Gastroliths from Decapods.

Gastroliths are disc-shaped calcium storage structures cyclically elaborated by some decapods in their stomach wall. In the present study, we extracted the gastrolith organic matrix from three different decapods, two crayfishes and one lobster, and began to characterize the soluble matrix obtained after decalcification by acetic acid. By using different staining (silver nitrate, Coomassie Blue, Stains-all) after SDS-PAGE, we evidenced that these soluble fractions are rich in polypeptides, some seems common, others are completely different. Among them, putative calcium binding proteins might be present and have to be further characterized. This soluble organic matrix also interacts in vitro with calcite crystals growth, suggesting its involvement in the calcium carbonate precipitation. The main conclusion of this preliminary study is that close species from the same order of animals have developed very similar calcium storage strategies by elaborating morphologically identical structures, but different in their molecular composition.
Glucocorticoid effects on the immune system

Glukokortikoidi (GK) su snažni protuupalni i imunosupresivni spojevi koji aktiviraju složene genske i negenske mehanizme u mnogim stanicama imunosnog sustava. GK koce aktivnost fosfolipaze A2 i ciklooksigenaze te smanjuju kolicinu proupalnih citokina. GK povecavaju broj neutrofila u cirkulaciji, ali znatno smanjuju izražaj adhezijskih molekula, aktivaciju i transmigraciju neutrofila. GK koce klasicnu aktivaciju makrofaga (M1) i poticu njihovu diferencijaciju u fenotip M2. Slicno tomu, GK koce izražaj kostimulacijskih molekula na dendriticnim stanicama i induciraju nastanak njihovog „tolerogenicnog“ oblika. GK snažno koce stanicnu imunost. GK koce TH1, usmjeravaju imunosni odgovor ka nastanku stanica TH2 i Treg te poticu apoptozu u timocitima i nekim stanicama leukemija i limfoma. Pretpostavlja se da imunosupresivni ucinci GK imaju važnu ulogu u mehanizmu negative povratne sprege između imunosnog sustava i osovine hipotalamus-hipofiza- nadbubrežna žlijezda.
myostatin and activins signaling, and capillary density are altered by blocking of Muscle protein synthesis, mTORC1/MAPK/Hippo

You might find this additional info useful.This article cites€66 articles, 35 of which you can access for free at: http://ajpendo.physiology. org/content/304/1/E41.full#ref-list-1Updated information and services including high resolution figures, can be found at: http://ajpendo.physiology. org/content/304/1/E41.fullMetabolism can be found at: Additional material and information about American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology andhttp://www.the-aps.org/publications/ajpendoThis information is current as of May 13, 2013.