Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
SPLASH : U : P IXEL D UST : Supporting Dynamic Area of Interest Tagging in Programming Studies with Eye Tracking

Eye tracking studies are valuable for evaluating programming environments, but annotating what the programmer is looking at in a dynamic environment can be repetitive, timeconsuming, and error prone. Through a participatory design exercise with two eye tracking researchers, I identified three significant challenges: search, extraction of code, and annotating transient objects. By applying computer vision algorithms to video traces, I developed a mixed-initiative system called PIXELDUST, which allows the researcher to train a system to recognize different objects on a screen. My preliminary results demonstrate the versatility of the approach; for example, the system can recognize return statements, method signatures, tool tips, and dialog boxes.
Empirische Untersuchung von Möglichkeiten der Förderung der Persönlichen Notfallvorsorge in Deutschland

Ausgangspunkt der Studie ist die Annahme, dass die Vorsorgefahigkeit der deutschen Bevolkerung in Bezug auf Notfalle und Katastrophen nur wenig ausgepragt ist. Zur Erarbeitung von Losungen fur die zuvor analysierten Probleme wird ein Modell der Forderung von Personlicher Notfallvorsorge (M3P) geschaffen. Darauf aufbauend kann ein neues System der Vorsorgeforderung entwickelt und empirisch untersucht werden. Dies geschieht durch eine Expertenbefragung und eine Bevolkerungsbefragung.
Revertible hydrogen uptake-deficient mutants of Rhizobium japonicum

We have developed mutants of Rhizobium japonicum which are deficient in H2 uptake capacity (Hup-) and which spontaneously revert to the parent type at a frequency consistent with that of a single-point mutation (ca. 1.0 x 10(-09)). The mutagenesis by nitrous acid and the selection of the Hup- phenotype by using penicillin and chemolithotrophy as enrichment for chemolithotrophy-deficient strains are described. Two mutants retain low but reproducible levels of ribulose bisphosphate-dependent CO2 fixation when grown on a low-carbon medium under an atmosphere of 1% O2, 4% H2, 5% CO2, and 90% N2. Neither O2 nor the artificial electron acceptors phenazine methosulfate or methylene blue supported detectable H2 uptake by the free-living Hup- mutants or by their bacteroids. Plant growth experiments under bacteriologically controlled conditions were conducted to assess the mutants' performance as inocula for soybean plants. Plants inoculated with Hup- strains had lower dry weights and contained less total N than did plants inoculated with the parent Hup+ strain. Use of either the Hup- mutants or the Hup+ parent strain as inocula, however, did not significantly affect the acetylene-reducing activity or the fresh weight of nodules. These results, obtained with apparently isogenic lines of H2 uptake-deficient R. japonicum, provide strong support for a beneficial role of the H2 uptake phenotype in legume symbiosis.
Microbial Degradation of Perchlorate: Principles and Applications

Perchlorate (ClO4-) release into the environment has occurred primarily in association with its manufacture and use in solid rocket propellant. When released into groundwater, perchlorate can spread over large distances because it is highly soluble in water and adsorbs poorly to soil. Two proven techniques to remove perchlorate from drinking water are anaerobic biological reactors and ion exchange. In this review, we focus on the application of microbiological systems for degrading perchlorate. Some bacteria can use perchlorate as an electron acceptor while oxidizing a large range of substrates. Perchlorate-respiring bacteria (PRB) are widely distributed in the environment, and are enriched at perchlorate-contaminated sites. We review the pathways by which PRB degrade perchlorate, and the different biological treatment processes that have been developed to remove perchlorate from water sources. We also discuss the effects of alternate electron acceptors in the water, such as oxygen and nitrate, on perchlo.
Watchlist risk assessment using multiparametric cost and relative entropy

This paper addresses the facial biometric-enabled watchlist technology in which risk detectors are mandatory mechanisms for early detection of threats, as well as for avoiding offense to innocent travelers. We propose a multiparametric cost assessment and relative entropy measures as risk detectors. We experimentally demonstrate the effects of mis-identification and impersonation under various watchlist screening scenarios and constraints. The key contributions of this paper are the novel techniques for design and analysis of the biometric-enabled watchlist and the supporting infrastructure, as well as measuring the impersonation impact on e-border performance.
Running title : Navigational efficiency in a BCRW model 1 Navigational efficiency in a biased and correlated random walk model of individual animal 2 movement 3

Running title: Navigational efficiency in a BCRW mo del 1 Navigational efficiency in a biased and correlated random walk model of individual animal 2 movement 3 Joseph D. Bailey , Jamie Wallis, Edward A. Codling 1† 4 Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK. 5 Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK. 6 Abstract: Understanding how an individual animal is able to navigate through its environment is 7 a key question in movement ecology that can give in sight into observed movement patterns and 8 the mechanisms behind them. Efficiency of navigatio n is important for behavioural processes at 9 a range of different spatio-temporal scales, includ ing foraging and migration. Random walk 10 models provide a standard framework for modelling i ndividual animal movement and 11 navigation. Here we consider a vector-weighted bias ed and correlated random walk (BCRW) 12 model for directed movement (taxis), where external navigation cues are balanced with forward 13 persistence. We derive a mathematical approximation of the expected navigational efficiency for 14 any BCRW of this form and confirm the model predict ions using simulations. We demonstrate 15 how the navigational efficiency is related to the w ighting given to forward persistence and 16 external navigation cues, and highlight the counter -intuitive result that for low (but realistic) 17 levels of error on forward persistence, a higher na vigational efficiency is achieved by giving 18 more weighting to this indirect navigation cue rath er than direct navigational cues. We discuss 19 and interpret the relevance of these results for un derstanding animal movement and navigation 20 strategies. 21
Les euh et les allongements dits « d'hésitation » : deux phénomènes soumis à certaines contraintes en français oral non lu

Cette etude s’interesse au comportement de deux marques appelees abusivement d’« hesitation » en francais oral non lu : le euh et les allongements vocaliques. Nous formulons l’hypothese que ces deux marques auraient une distribution complementaire (seraient des variantes combinatoires): l’allongement vocalique porterait presque exclusivement sur les syllabes (C)V des mots outils alors que le euh serait largement plus souvent distribue a la suite des mots pleins ou des syllabes (C)VC des mots outils.
[Monitoring of antibodies against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis in pregnant women].

AIM To assess antibody levels against diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus in pregnant women. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and two virtually healthy pregnant women aged 18-35 years were studied. Antibodies to diphtheria and tetanus were measured in passive hemagglutination reaction with diphtheria and tetanus diagnostic kits. Antibodies to Bordetella pertussis antigens were determined in hemagglutination assay (HA) and in enzyme immunoassay (EIA). RESULTS Protective titers of anti-diphtheria and anti-tetanus antibodies were detected in 91.2% and 94.1% of participants respectively, whereas high titers--in 24.5% and 27.4% respectively. Low levels of IgG to B. pertussis antigens measured by EIA were observed in 70.6% of participants whereas moderate and high levels--in 22.5% and 6.9% respectively. Conditionally protective levels of anti-pertussis antibodies measured by HA were detected in 10.8% of participants. CONCLUSION Obtained results demonstrate high level of protection of pregnant women against diphtheria and tetanus and low level of anti-pertussis immunity.
Clicks vs. bricks: toward a model of internet-induced channel competition

The overall objective of this program of research is to develop a model of Internet-induced channel competition. In this paper, we focus on the ways in which retail channel technology—specifically, the online vs. bricks and mortar stores—affects the feasible trade-offs that firms can make between price and desirable attributes of their product/service bundles. This paper treats products as a bundle of the physical good and the fulfillment or transaction technology, and proposes a model of competition in the price-attribute space to illustrate the tradeoffs for consumers and producers. This model is grounded in demand, production, and hedonic theory, and relates the attributes (or “quality”) of products to their observed prices. Our objectives in future research are to refine the analytical model and to find evidence that (1) the functional forms assumed in the model are consistent with the price/attribute trade-offs observed in practice and (2) the observed competitive responses of firms dominated by online competitors are consistent with those prescribed by our model.
Effects of Biperiden and Amantadine on Memory in Medicated Chronic Schizophrenic Patients

Background The effects on memory of an anticholinergic (biperiden) and a dopaminergic (amantadine) anti-Parkinsonian agent were compared. Method Twenty-six chronically medicated schizophrenic (DSM–III–R) in-patients received amantadine (200 mg/day) or biperiden (4 mg/day) for two weeks in a double-blind cross-over design. Results Biperiden treatment was associated with significantly lower scores on Benton Visual Retention Test (P < 0.003) and the visual subscale of Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) (P ≤ 0.02), with a trend to poorer scores on WMS total (P = 0.086) and the digit span (P = 0.07) and logical memory (P = 0.06) subscales. Conclusions In usual clinical doses, biperiden interferes with memory, particularly visual, more than amantadine.
An Analysis of Passenger Delays Using Flight Operations and Passenger Booking Data

The performance metric used to evaluate on-time performance in the US airline industry is flight-based, measuring the number of flight legs with arrival delay of 15 minutes or more. We analyze airline passenger operations and schedule performance and conclude that this flight-based performance metric does not accurately reflect delays to passengers, primarily because it does not recognize the long passenger delays resulting from flight leg cancellations and missed connections. Using passenger bookings and flight operations data from a major US airline, we develop a Passenger Delay Calculator to compute passenger delays and to establish relationships between passenger delays and cancellation rates, flight leg delay distributions, load factors, and flight schedule design. Using the insights gained in our analysis, we define new passenger-centric metrics to address the shortcomings of existing flight-based metrics and more accurately evaluate schedule reliability.
Étude des états de surface du sol et de leur dynamique pour différentes pratiques de travail du sol. Mise au point d'un indicateur de ruissellement.

Ce travail s'interesse a l'erosion hydrique observee dans les secteurs de collines limoneuses d'Alsace. Il aborde le cas specifique de la monoculture de mais grain, dont l'etat de surface (EDS) influence fortement la formation du ruissellement au cours du printemps, en raison de la formation de croutes de battance. L'objectif de ce travail est d'etudier les etats de surface entre differents itineraires techniques : technique conventionnelle (basee sur le labour), techniques sans labour et semis-direct et de mettre en evidence des differences pouvant expliquer des variations des volumes ruisseles et des pertes en terre. Pour ce faire, des observations de surface ont ete realisees en tenant compte de l'organisation spatiale des EDS creee par le travail du sol. Ces observations ont ete completees par des mesures in situ de ruissellement et de pertes en terre sous pluies naturelles et artificielles. Les principaux resultats indiquent une diminution du ruissellement et de l'erosion en non-labour et en semis-direct. Les observations de surface montrent que, entre pratiques culturales, les differences d'EDS portent essentiellement sur les interrangs. Ces resultats ont ete synthetises sous la forme d'un indicateur estimant le cumul de precipitations necessaires pour observer l'apparition d'EDS ruisselants.
Primary Care Physician Perceptions of Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer

Increasing cure rates for childhood cancers have resulted in a population of adult childhood cancer survivors (CCS) that are at risk for late effects of cancer-directed therapy. Our objective was to identify facilitators and barriers to primary care physicians (PCPs) providing late effects screening and evaluate information tools PCPs perceive as useful. We analyzed surveys from 351 practicing internal medicine and family practice physicians nationwide. A minority of PCPs perceived that their medical training was adequate to recognize late effects of chemotherapy (27.6%), cancer surgery (36.6%), and radiation therapy (38.1%). Most PCPs (93%) had never used Children’s Oncology Group guidelines, but 86% would follow their recommendations. Most (84% to 86%) PCPs stated that they had never received a cancer treatment summary or survivorship care plan but (>90%) thought these documents would be useful. PCPs have a low level of awareness and receive inadequate training to recognize late effects. Overall, PCPs infrequently utilize guidelines, cancer treatment summaries, and survivorship care plans, although they perceive such tools as useful. We have identified gaps to address when providing care for CCS in routine general medical practice.
Nuclear DNA content and minimum generation time in herbaceous plants

Many components of cell and nuclear size and mass are correlated with nuclear DNA content in plants, as also are the durations and rates of such developmental processes as mitosis and meiosis. It is suggested that the multiple effects of the mass of nuclear DNA which affect all cells and apply throughout the life of the plant can together determine the minimum generation time for each species. The durations of mitosis and of meiosis are both positively correlated with nuclear DNA content and, therefore, species with a short minimum generation time might be expected to have a shorter mean cell cycle time and mean meiotic duration, and a lower mean nuclear DNA content, than species with a long mean minimum generation time. In tests of this hypothesis, using data collated from the literature, it is shown that the mean cell cycle time and the mean meiotic duration in annual species is significantly shorter than in perennial species. Furthermore, the mean nuclear DNA content of annual species is significantly lower than for perennial species both in dicotyledons and monocotyledons. Ephemeral species have a significantly lower mean nuclear DNA content than annual species. Among perennial monocotyledons the mean nuclear DNA content of species which can complete a life cycle within one year (facultative perennials) is significantly lower than the mean nuclear DNA content of those which cannot (obligate perennials). However, the mean nuclear DNA content of facultative perennials does not differ significantly from the mean for annual species. It is suggested that the effects of nuclear DNA content on the duration of developmental processes are most obvious during its determinant stages, and that the largest effects of nuclear DNA mass are expressed at times when development is slowest, for instance, during meiosis or at low temperature. It has been suggested that DNA influences development in two ways, directly through its informational content, and indirectly by the physical-mechanical effects of its mass. The term 'nucleotype' is used to describe those conditions of the nucleus which effect the phenotype independently of the informational content of the DNA. It is suggested that cell cycle time, meiotic duration, and minimum generation time are determined by the nucleotype. In addition, it may be that satellite DNA is significant in its nucleotypic effects on developmental processes.
Modelling Energy Consumption based on Resource Utilization

Power management is an expensive and important issue for large computational infrastructures such as datacenters, large clusters, and computational grids. However, measuring energy consumption of scalable systems may be impractical due to both cost and complexity for deploying power metering devices on a large number of machines. In this paper, we propose the use of information about resource utilization (e.g. processor, memory, disk operations, and network traffic) as proxies for estimating power consumption. We employ machine learning techniques to estimate power consumption using such information which are provided by common operating systems. Experiments with linear regression, regression tree, and multilayer perceptron on data from different hardware resulted into a model with 99.94\% of accuracy and 6.32 watts of error in the best case.
Measuring Modularity: Engineering and Management Effects of Different Approaches

While a variety of “product” modularity measures have been proposed and empirically used, little comparative research has been conducted on the characteristics and efficacy of such measures. This study explores how the use of diverse modularity measures affects the analysis of the “mirroring” hypothesis. Particularly, this study analyzes the relationship between “product” modularity measures and the degree of: 1) buyer–supplier integration in new product development; 2) supply chain configuration. The empirical results suggest which of the analyzed measures of modularity are preferable, question the overall utility of such measures to really understand the organizational implications of complex technological systems, and point to alternative measurement approaches.
Microfluidically reconfigured frequency tunable dipole antenna

A microfluidically reconfigured, frequency tunable meandered dipole antenna is presented. Frequency tunability is achieved through a selectively metallized plate within the microfluidic channel acting as a parasitic RF shorting switch. The microfluidic channel is fabricated on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and bonded onto the antenna substrate using a 12 μm thin low loss benzo-cyclobutene (BCB) layer. External micropumps are also used to control the fluid flow and move the metalized plate over the antenna slots. In doing so, the metalized plate reconfigures the antenna's current path and shifts its resonance frequency. A fabricated prototype was measured and shown to tune from 0.88 GHz to 1.39 GHz.
ACAT inhibition and progression of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia: the CAPTIVATE randomized trial.

CONTEXT Inhibition of acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), an intracellular enzyme involved in cholesterol accumulation, with pactimibe was developed to assist in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pactimibe in inhibition of atherosclerosis. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS A prospective, randomized, stratified, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (Carotid Atherosclerosis Progression Trial Investigating Vascular ACAT Inhibition Treatment Effects [CAPTIVATE]) of 892 patients heterozygous for familial hypercholesterolemia conducted at 40 lipid clinics in the United States, Canada, Europe, South Africa, and Israel between February 1, 2004, and December 31, 2005. Study was terminated on October 26, 2005. INTERVENTION Participants received either 100 mg/d of pactimibe (n = 443) or matching placebo (n = 438), in addition to standard lipid-lowering therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Carotid atherosclerosis, assessed by ultrasound carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), at baseline, 12, 18, and 24 months. Maximum CIMT was the primary end point and mean CIMT the secondary end point. RESULTS Because pactimibe failed to show efficacy in the intravascular coronary ultrasound ACTIVATE study, the CAPTIVATE study was terminated prematurely after a follow-up of 15 months. After 6 months of treatment with pactimibe, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased by 7.3% (SD, 23%) compared with 1.4% (SD, 28%) in the placebo group (P = .001). The carotid ultrasonographic scans of the 716 patients with at least 2 scans and obtained at least 40 weeks apart were analyzed. Maximum CIMT measurements did not show a pactimibe treatment effect (difference, 0.004 mm; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.023 to 0.015 mm; P = .64); however, the less variable mean CIMT measurement revealed an increase of 0.014 mm (95% CI, -0.027 to 0.000 mm; P = .04) in patients administered pactimibe vs placebo. Major cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke) occurred more often in patients administered pactimibe vs placebo (10/443 [2.3%] vs 1/438 [0.2%]; P = .01). CONCLUSIONS In patients with familial hypercholesterolemia, pactimibe had no effect on atherosclerosis as assessed by changes in maximum CIMT compared with placebo but was associated with an increase in mean CIMT as well as increased incidence of major cardiovascular events. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00151788.
Ventricular Haemodynamics in the Monitor Lizard Varanus Exanthematicus: Pulmonary and Systemic Pressure Separation

The haemodynamics of the anatomically undivided ventricle of the monitor lizard Varanus exanthematicus have been examined by measurements of blood pressure and flow. Central blood P OO2, P COCO2 and pH were also measured. Intracardiac pressure measurements show the ventricle to be functionally divided throughout systole into a high pressure pump (cavum arteriosum: ‘mean’ pressure 89 cm H2O) perfusing the systemic circulation, and a low pressure pump (cavum pulmonale: ‘mean’ pressure 40 cm H2O) perfusing the pulmonary circulation. Hypoxia produced by asphyxia or N2 breathing changed systolic pressures in the ventricular cava, but never resulted in superimposable pressure waveforms which would have indicated a breakdown from ventricular division into two pressure pumps. Diastolic pressures were superimposable in the ventricular cava under all conditions. Analysis of blood P OO2 and O2 content revealed the potential for nearly complete separation of left and right atrial blood in the ventricle, but both left-to-right and right-to-left shunts of considerable magnitude could also develop. The varanid heart with its systolic pressure separation allows the development of high blood pressure gradients capable of driving a large cardiac output through the high impedance systemic vascular beds. Concurrently, the low impedance pulmonary circuit is perfused at a much reduced blood pressure, circumventing filtration of plasma into the lungs and impairment of gas exchange. Haemodynamically this situation resembles that present in crocodilians and the homeothermic vertebrates.
Formal Methods for Assuring Security of Protocols

Establishing the security of a system is an intricate problem with subtle nuances: it requires a careful examination of the underlying assumptions, abstractions, and possible actions. Consequently, assuring that a system behaves securely is virtually impossible without the use of rigorous analytical techniques. In this article, we focus on a single cryptographic protocol (Needham–Schroeder) and show how several different formal methods can be used to identify its various vulnerabilities. These vulnerabilities include susceptibility to freshness attacks and impersonations.