Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Formulation and development of self emulsifying drug delivery system for few drugs

The purpose of this study was to develop an oral administrable SEDDS of poorly water soluble drugs of Atorvastatin calcium and Glibenclamide under Biopharmaceutical classification system of class II classification. Solubility evaluation and ternary phase diagram were carried out to select excipients of SEDDS. The composition of Atorvastatin calcium loaded and Glibenclamide loaded SEDDS was optimized using 32 facorial design. The impact of the formulation parameters on mean globule size and percentage drug load were studied by applying the analysis of variance and regression models. Several formulation and process variables were evaluated and optimized by response surface methodology. The optimum formulation was prepared by response optimizer through desirability function and the experimental values were found to be in close agreement with the predicted values. Optimized formulation was further subjected to stability studies. Optimal Atorvastatin calcium SEDDS contains sunflower oil as oil phase, labrasol as a surfactant and transcutol HP as cosurfactant (Smix) in the ratio of 67.586% oil and 52.529% % w/w Smix formulates SEDDS with lower droplet size (169.7nm), PDI (0.2), and zeta potential (-31.8 mv) and percentage drug load (87.2%) values. The optimal glibenclamide SEDDS contains peceol as oil phase, labrasol as a surfactant and transcutol HP as co-surfactant (Smix) in the ratio of 15.046% oil and 41.047% %w/w Smix formulates SEDDS with lower droplet size (172 nm), PDI (0.244), and zeta potential (-24.8mV) and percentage drug load (89.3%) values. It was concluded that the smaller particle size and drug load more the release of drug which results in better bioavailability. The in vitro evaluation parameters such as emulsification time, viscosity determination, cloud point measurement, turbidity measurement, refractive index and spectroscopic optical clarity test were performed and the results were found within the limits for all formulations of two drugs. The stability studies revealed that there was no change in particle size and percentage drug load for the two drugs after 6 months. The in vitro drug release from optimized Atorvastatin SEDDS formulation were found to be 99.75% after 90 min and 99.7% after 30 min and for Glibenclamide SEDDS. It was extremely higher in comparison to the marketed formulation and API suspension. In-vitro drug release studies closely indicate that optimized formulations obey first order kinetics and the mechanism of drug release was by fickian diffusion. The results further concluded that SEDDS can be explored as a potential drug carrier for dissolution enhancement of Atorvastatin and Glibenclamide and other poorly soluble drugs.
Rôle de la protéine LMP1 dans la balance survie/apoptose des cellules infectées par le virus d’Epstein-Barr :

Le virus d’Epstein-Barr (EBV) est un herpesvirus humain qui infecte 90% de la population, mais l’infection est, le plus souvent, asymptomatique. Apres infection, le virus etablit une latence virale caracterisee par l’expression restreinte de genes viraux, appeles genes de latence permettant au virus de persister tout au long de la vie. On definit trois latences virales (I, II et III) selon le profil d’expression des genes de latence codant les antigenes EBNAs (-1, -2, -3 et -LP) et les proteines membranaires LMPs (-1 et -2). L���immortalisation in vitro des lymphocytes B aboutit a des lignees cellulaires lymphoblastoides (LCL de latence III), exprimant la totalite des genes de latence. L’EBV est associee a des cancers (lymphome de Burkitt, lymphomes lies a un deficit immunitaire innee ou acquis, lymphome de Hodgkin, carcinome du rhinopharynx). Hors dans le lymphome de Burkitt, LMP-1 est exprimee dans toutes les pathologies malignes, et constitue l’oncogene majeur du virus. Les proprietes oncogenes de LMP-1 sont liees a sa capacite d’activer de facon chronique des voies de signalisation cellulaire telles que les voies NFkB, JNK et p38. Malgre son pouvoir transformant, LMP-1 induit la surexpression du recepteur proapoptotique Fas/CD95 via les facteurs NFkB, p53 et STAT1, sensibilisant les cellules a l’action des lymphocytes T cytotoxiques. Des resultats preliminaires ont montre que LMP-1 induit l’apoptose des LCLs. Nous avons d’abord cherche a determiner l’origine de l’expression de LMP-1 lors de la latence II. En effet, la latence II est caracterisee par l’absence d’EBNA-2, principal transactivateur viral de LMP-1. Nous montrons que LMP-1 autoregule sa propre expression via l’induction d’une balance entre les voies de signalisation NFkB (represseur) et JNK (activateur). Ce mode de regulation est egalement retrouve au cours de la latence III. Puis, nous avons voulu decrire les bases moleculaires de la cytotoxicite cellulaire de LMP-1 dans les LCLs et determiner le role de Fas/CD95. Nous demontrons que LMP-1 induit l’autoactivation de Fas/CD95, independamment de son ligand FasL/CD95L et l’activation des caspases. Ces resultats suggerent le caractere ambivalent de LMP-1 qui induit simultanement des signaux de survie et d’apoptose, notamment grâce a la voie de signalisation NFkB. L’apoptose contribuerait alors a l’homeostasie cellulaire du compartiment lymphocytaire B infecte par l’EBV.
Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals

This thorough revision of the classic first edition brings this authoritative book right up-to-date. Articles describe every species in detail, based on the very latest taxonomy, and a host of biological, ecological and sociological aspects relating to marine mammals. The latest information on the biology, ecology, anatomy, behavior and interactions with man is provided by a cast of expert authors - all presented in such detail and clarity to support both marine mammal specialists and the serious naturalist. Fully referenced throughout and with a fresh selection of the best color photographs available, the long-awaited 2e remains at the forefront as the go-to reference on marine mammals. * More than 20% NEW MATERIAL includes articles on Climate Change, Pacific White-sided Dolphins, Sociobiology, Habitat Use, Feeding Morphology and more * Over 260 articles on the individual species with topics ranging from anatomy and behavior, to conservation, exploitation and the impact of global climate change on marine mammals * New color illustrations show every species and document topical articles FROM THE FIRST EDITION "This book is so good.a bargain, full of riches.packed with fascinating up to date information. I recommend it unreservedly it to individuals, students, and researchers, as well as libraries". - Richard M. Laws, MARINE MAMMALS SCIENCE ". establishes a solid and satisfying foundation for current study and future exploration" - Ronald J. Shusterman, SCIENCE
PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE OF HIPERVARIABLE FRAGMENT OF VP2 OF INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE VIRUS ISOLATED IN INDONESIA

Nucleotide sequence of hypervariable fragment of VP2 of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) isolated in Bali and Indonesia were compared to standard virulent (svIBDV’s) and very virulent (vvIBDV’s) viruses accessed in GeneBank. The comparation were done using the multiple sequence alignment program of Mega 3.1. The sequence were aligned by the ClustalW Method (Mega 3.1), that is grouping the sequences into clusters by examining the distance between all pairs. The sequences were aligned pair wise, then as groups. Phylogenetic tree were constructed using Neighbor-Joining and Bootstrap-tested. The analysis showed that IBDV can be clustered into 2 major groups, i.e. America-Europe and Australia clusters. The America-Europe cluster is further divided into two sub-clusters, i.e. classic IBD and vv-IBD. Classic-IBD is represented by standard STC, Cu-1, Variant A, F52-70, and PBG98 viruses. Two IBDV’s isolated in Bali and the most of other Indonesian isolates belong to sub-cluster vv-IBD and share a common cluster with IBDV that were recently reported as very virulent strains. One exceptional isolate is Indo 13, which is groupped into classic IBD, and closely related to classical American standard virus, STC.
Basisregistratie Ondergrond (BRO) - actualisatie bodemkaart : Herkartering van de bodem in Eemland

Wageningen Environmental Research (WENR) has been in the process of updating the Soil Map of the Netherlands, scale 1:50,000, since 2010. The map distinguishes between various different soil units with peat layers in the upper horizons of the profile. The thickness of the peat is being reduced by oxidation and subsidence. To manage these peat soils it is important to have information on the thickness of the peat layer. This study has resulted in a peat thickness map for the peat soil areas in the Eemland region north of Amersfoort and an updated soil map of these peat soil areas at scale 1:50,000.
Cellular, Structural and Functional Characterization of Hyperoxia-induced White Matter Injury in the Developing Brain

Diffuse white matter injury (DWMI) is frequently associated with impaired neurological development in pre-mature infants. To characterize the cellular, structural and functional basis of hyperoxia-induced DWMI, the cellular changes in the white matter (WM) were first characterized using mice exposed to 48 hours of 80% oxygen from postnatal day 6 (P6) to postnatal day 8 (P8). Myelin basic protein (MBP) expression and CC1 oligodendroglia decreased following hyperoxia at P8, but returned to control levels by P15. Hyperoxia caused increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), which was followed by the restoration of the NG2 cell population and increased oligodendrogenesis in the WM. Hyperoxia, did not affect survival or proliferation of astrocytes in vivo, but modified glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and glutamate-aspartate transporter (GLAST) expression. The rate of H-D-aspartic acid uptake in WM tissue was also diminished at P8 and P12. In addition, cultured astrocytes exposed to hyperoxia showed a reduced capacity to protect OPCs against exogenous glutamate. Upon further analysis, the hyperoxia group was discovered to have decreased myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG) and proteolipid protein (PLP) expression and a decrease in the number of MAGCC1 oligodendrocytes until P30. Electron microscopy found this group to also have reduced myelin thickness and axon caliber at P30. The change in axon caliber was
Modelling gap junction-coupled networks of olfactory bulb mitral cells

Summary of Thesis: The olfactory bulb forms the first level of input integration for olfactory receptor neurons that receive stimuli from odorant molecules in the nose. The olfactory bulb is multi channel in nature, with each channel containing its own populations of mitral cells. These channels each handle the input from neurons expressing a single type of olfactory receptor protein tuned to a unique range of odorant structures. I have constructed a mitral cell gap-junction network model with morphologically accurate mitral cells to study the behaviour of mitral cells in a channel population. The passive parameters of each of the mitral cells were determined by fitting to in vitro recordings. Sodium and potassium channels were added to the mitral cells to give the ability to generate action potentials. Gap-junctions were placed in the apical dendrite tufts of the mitral cells and their conductance adjusted to give a coupling ratio between mitral cells consistent with experimental findings. Firing was induced with twenty current injections randomly located in the apical dendrite tuft of two of the mitral cells, mimicking the multiple inputs from the olfactory receptor neurons. A protocol was used to promote an initial asynchrony in firing which was transmitted across the gap-junctions to all six mitral cells. I found that the mitral cell population would overcome this asynchrony, rapidly tending to synchronous firing. Adding calcium and calcium dependent potassium channels to the mitral cells produced burst firing patterns that were different for each of the cells. The gap-junctions did not have enough influence to overcome the asynchrony of the different burst firing patterns. The addition of calcium concentration threshold dependant glutamate release and AMPA auto receptors to the apical dendrite tuft of each mitral cell allowed the burst firing to promote self propagating synchronised firing after an initial period of asynchrony.
'The Last of the earth's frontiers' : Sealab, the aquanaut, and the US Navy's battle against the sub-marine

5 Acknowledgements . 6 List of figures. 8 List of abbreviations. 12 Preface: Charting a course: From the Bay of Gibraltar to La Jolla Submarine Canyon. 13 The Sealab Prayer. 18 Chapter 1: Introducing Sealab . 1.0 Introduction. 1.1 Empirical and conceptual opportunities . 1.2 Thesis overview. 1.3 People and projects: a glossary of the key actors in Sealab. 19 20 24 30 33 Chapter 2: Geography in and on the sea: towards an elemental geopolitics of the sub-marine . 2.0 Introduction. 2.1 The sea in geography. 2.2 Depth, bodies, and submarine life. 2.2.1 Bringing depth to volume. 2.2.2 The body in geopolitics. 2.2.3 Nonhuman bodies. 2.3 An elemental geopolitics of undersea space. 39 40 41 50 50 61 66 68 Chapter 3: ‘Do you dive? ’: Immersive and embodied research in political geography. 3.0 Introduction. 3.1 ‘Do you dive? ’. 3.1.1 Autophenomenology. 3.1.2 Immersive research . 3.2 ‘Never trust a diver’? The body, intersectionality, and the interview. 3.2.1 ‘That’s diver’s for you’: gender politics in the field. 3.2.2 Memory, vulnerability and shifting positionalities. 3.3 Locating the body in the archives. 3.3.1 Negotiating the formal and informal archive. 3.4 Conclusions. 77 78 81 85 88 95 98 102 105 106 116
High quality genome-scale metabolic network reconstruction of mycobacterium tuberculosis and comparison with human metabolic network: application for drug targets identification

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), a pathogenic bacterium, is the causative agent in the vast majority of human tuberculosis (TB) cases. Nearly one-third of the world’s population has been affected by TB and annually two million deaths result from the disease. Because of the high cost of medication for a long term treatment with multiple drugs and the increase of multidrug-resistant Mtb strains, faster-acting drugs and more effective vaccines are urgently demanded. Several metabolic pathways of Mtb are attractive for identifying novel drug targets against TB. Hence, a high quality genome-scale metabolic network of Mtb (HQMtb) was reconstructed to investigate its whole metabolism and explore for new drug targets. The HQMtb metabolic network was constructed using an unbiased approach by extracting gene annotation information from various databases and consolidating the data with information from literature. The HQMtb consists of 686 genes, 607 intracellular reactions, 734 metabolites and 471 E.C. numbers, 27 of which are incomplete. The HQMtb was compared with two recently published Mtb metabolic models, GSMN-TB by Beste et al. and iNJ661 model by Jamshidi and Palsson. Due to the different reconstruction methods used, the three models have different characteristics. The 68 new genes and 80 new E.C. numbers were found only in the HQMtb and resulting in approximately 52 new metabolic reactions located in various metabolic pathways, for example biosynthesis of steroid, fatty acid metabolism, and TCA cycle. Through a comparison of HQMtb with a previously published human metabolic network (EHMN) in terms of protein signatures, 42 Mtb metabolic genes were proposed as new drug targets based on two criteria: (a) their protein functional sites do not match with any human protein functional sites; (b) they are essential genes. Interestingly, 13 of them are found in a list of current validated drug targets. Among all proposed drug targets, Rv0189c, Rv3001c and Rv3607c are of interest to be tested in the laboratory because they were also proposed as drug target candidates from two research groups using different methods.
Tsetse biology and ecology: their role in the epidemiology and control of trypanosomosis

6. Dyer K, Shell L 1993 Managing patients with status epilepticus. Veterinary Medicine 88: 654–659 7. Fenner W, Hass J 1989 Mechanisms of seizure disorders. Problems in Veterinary Medicine 1: 501–515 8. Frey H 1989 Anticonvulsant drugs used in the treatment of epilepsy. Problems in Veterinary Medicine 1: 558–577 9. Hass J, Fenner W 1989 Epilepsy resistant to anticonvulsant therapy. Problems in Veterinary Medicine 1: 596–605 10. Lane S, Bunch S 1990 Medical management of recurrent seizures in dogs and cats. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 4: 26–39 11. Neff-Davis C 1988 Therapeutic drug monitoring in veterinary medicine. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 18: 1287–1307 12. Parent J 1988 Clinical management of canine seizures. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 18: 605–622 13. Podell M 1996 Seizures in dogs. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 26: 779–809 14. Podell M, Fenner W 1994 Use of bromide as an antiepileptic drug in dogs. Compendium on Continuing Educating for the Practicing Veterinarian 16: 767–773 15. Podell M, Fenner W, Powers J 1995 Seizure classification in dogs from a nonreferralbased population. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 206: 1721– 1728 16. Riviere J 1988 Veterinary clinical pharmacokinetics Part II. Modeling. Compendium on Continuing Educating for the Practicing Veterinarian 10: 314–328 17. Shaw N, Trepanier L, Center S, Garland S 1996 High dietary chloride content associated with loss of therapeutic serum bromide concentrations in an epileptic dog. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 208: 234–236 18. Shell L 1993 The diagnostic approach to seizures. Veterinary Medicine 88: 641–646 19. Shell L 1993 The differential diagnosis of seizures. Veterinary Medicine 88: 629–640 20. Shell L 1993 Understanding the fundamentals of seizures. Veterinary Medicine 88: 622–628 21. Shwartz-Porsche D 1994 Seizures. In Braund K (ed.) Clinical syndromes in veterinary neurology (2nd edn). Mosby, St Louis: 234–251 22. Yohn S, Morrison W, Sharp P 1992 Bromide toxicosis (bromism) in a dog treated with potassium bromide for refractory seizures. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 201: 468–470
Host‐associated differentiation in reproductive behaviour of cecidomyiid midges on cranberry and blueberry

In British Columbia, Canada, Dasineura oxycoccana Johnson (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) was initially found on highbush blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum L. (Ericaceae) and has recently become a pest of cranberry, Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton, a crop that is often found in close proximity with blueberry. Previous work has shown no temporal isolation and a potential for gene flow between these two D. oxycoccana populations. However, important behavioural differences were observed suggesting the potential for host races or cryptic species. Host races and cryptic species differ in their degree of assortative mating and reproductive isolation from partial to complete. We assessed whether populations of adult D. oxycoccana on these two crops would discriminate against mates from different natal hosts. Mating experiments were conducted within the greenhouse in 2010 using small glass vials without host plants present. Our results show D. oxycoccana from cranberry and blueberry hosts displayed complete assortative mating in the absence of their host plants. Behavioural data collected from the different crosses suggest these two D. oxycoccana populations differ in sex pheromones and close‐range ‘courtship pheromones’. We conclude that D. oxycoccana populations on cranberry and blueberry in British Columbia are reproductively isolated and probably represent cryptic species.
Kadar Estradiol dan Progesteron Serum, Tampilan Vulva dan Sitologi Apus Vagina Kambing Bligon Selama Siklus Birahi

A study was carried out to determine the serum estradiol and progesterone concentration, vulvaappearance, and vaginal cytology during estrous cycle in bligon goat. Four female non pregnant bligongoats (Indonesian indigenous) were used in this research. They were clinically healthy and showed normalestrous cycle. Estrous state was examined by using biological method. When the animals showed acceptanceto be mounted by a buck, they were confirmed as the first day of estrous cycle (estrous phase). Collectionof blood sample, preparation of vaginal smears, and measurement of some physical genital parameterswere conducted by standard veterinary clinical methods at day 11, day between 3-5, day between 6-16, andday between 17-19 of estrous cycle. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determineserum progesterone and estradiol concentrations. Mean difference of each parameter was analyzed byanalyses of variance (Anova), followed by Tuckey HSD. The serum estradiol concentration ranged between211.25-247.77 pg/ml. Peak of the estradiol was occurred at the first day of estrous phase, namely 247.77pg/ml and to decrease at day 3-16. The serum progesterone concentration was at the level of 0.21-0.70 ng/ml and showed a significant increase at day 6-16 (p 60%) during estrous cycle. In conclusion, serum estradiol, progesterone, the vulvaappearance combined with sexual receptivity could be a good estrous predictor for female cycling bligongoat.
Aspectos epidemiológicos de la intoxicación por toxina diarreica de los moluscos (DSP)

After a brief introduction on its history, we study the epidemiology of the diarrheic shellfish poisoning, emphasizing its economical and health-related impact. We review the incidence of the disease in Europe, Asia and America, and the decrease of the number of outbreaks after implementation of the Programs of Surveillance and Control. We study the DSP-group toxins (okadaic acid and other dinophysistoxins, pectenotoxins and yessotoxins) and the main dinoflagellates that produce these toxins (Dinophysis y Prorocentrum). Furthermore, we study the role played by mussels and scallops in the transmission as well as the difficulty and factors related to their detoxination. We describe and analyze those factors that influence the occurrence of red tides: nutrients, temperature, sunlight, salinity, organic matter, metals and chelants, growth-promoting substances, sea conditions and dominant winds. We finally describe the actions related to primary prevention (sea and market surveillance) and secondary prevention (actions against an outbreak). We also describe the Galician Control Program of Biotoxins as well as the European norms. Key Works: Diarrheic shellfish poison (DSP). Epidemiology chain. Red tide. Prevention. Marine biotoxins monitoring program. Red tide warning network. European regulations. Epidemiological investigation of DSP outbreak