Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Raman‐based dynamic feeding strategies using real‐time glucose concentration monitoring system during adalimumab producing CHO cell cultivation

The use of Process Analytical Technology tools coupled with chemometrics has been shown great potential for better understanding and control of mammalian cell cultivations through real‐time process monitoring. In‐line Raman spectroscopy was utilized to determine the glucose concentration of the complex bioreactor culture medium ensuring real‐time information for our process control system. This work demonstrates a simple and fast method to achieve a robust partial least squares calibration model under laboratory conditions in an early phase of the development utilizing shake flask and bioreactor cultures. Two types of dynamic feeding strategies were accomplished where the multi‐component feed medium additions were controlled manually and automatically based on the Raman monitored glucose concentration. The impact of these dynamic feedings was also investigated and compared to the traditional bolus feeding strategy on cellular metabolism, cell growth, productivity, and binding activity of the antibody product. Both manual and automated dynamic feeding strategies were successfully applied to maintain the glucose concentration within a narrower and lower concentration range. Thus, besides glucose, the glutamate was also limited at low level leading to reduced production of inhibitory metabolites, such as lactate and ammonia. Consequently, these feeding control strategies enabled to provide beneficial cultivation environment for the cells. In both experiments, higher cell growth and prolonged viable cell cultivation were achieved which in turn led to increased antibody product concentration compared to the reference bolus feeding cultivation.
Optimal Nutrition Formulas for Patients Undergoing Surgery for Colorectal Cancer: A Bayesian Network Analysis

Abstract Optimal nutrition formulas for colorectal cancer patients underwent surgery remains uncertainty. We constructed an indirect comparison study to assess comparative efficacy of different immunonutrition formulas and standard nutrition in colorectal cancer patients underwent surgery. PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov and Web of Science databases were searched to identify RCTs that compared immunonutrition with standard nutrition or different immunonutrition formulas. Data on length of hospital stays (LOS), infectious complications (IC), noninfectious complications (NIC) and anastomotic leakage (AL) were extracted from the included RCTs for Bayesian network analysis using a random-effect model. Twelve articles that included 1032 individuals were incorporated into this study. The indirect comparison confirmed the potential improvement of arginine-based immunonutrition on IC (odds ratios [OR] = 0.43, 95%confidence interval [CI]: 0.17 to 0.95), glutamine on NIC (OR = 0.07 CI: 0.00 to 0.78) and LOS (MD=-3.91 CI: −6.33 to -1.69) and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on LOS (OR=-3.49 CI: −5.46 to -1.00). Results indicated that glutamine had the highest probability of reducing complications and hospital stays. As for colorectal cancer patients underwent surgery, this indirect comparison suggested some superiority of glutamine. Future more RCTs with larger scale are required to provide evidence for the optimal immunonutrition formulas.
Meiofauna and solute transport in marine muds

Meiofauna typically inhabit sedimentary zones having substantial concentration gradients in biogcochcmically important solutes such as 0,. Diffusion experiments with the conservative tracers Cl and Br- demonstrate that natural populations of meiofauna (-30-100 cm ‘) can increase transport rates of these solutes by factors of - 1.7-2.3 x (for T > 1oOC) compared with uninhabited sediments. The effect varies seasonally, directly with temperature and probably with faunal composition. About 20-40% of the increase in transport is due to increased porosity (decreased tortuosity) caused by meiofaunal activities and would be accounted for in most estimates of diGsion. The remaining, larger portion, is apparently due more directly to biologically induced fluid motion and three-dimensional diffusion. Transport coefficients can bc resolved into two components with apparent activation energies of - 3 and - 10 kcal mol- I (Q,() - 1.2 and 1.8, T = 1 O”-20°C) consistent with control by physical and metabolic processes. Measurements following addition of particular meiofaunal groups to otherwise natural populations suggest that nematodes, juvenile bivalves, and polychaetes have the greatesE effect. Transport activities of meiofauna must stimulate solute fluxes and reaction rates, particularly aerobic decomposition and associated processes such as nitrification in the oxic zones of marine sediments. In contrast, macrofauna commonly enhance solute transport to a greater extent (2-10 x) than do meiofauna and, while stimulating aerobic reactions, also dramatically promote anaerobic processes in organic-rich deposits.
Reproduction constrains the use of daily torpor by free-ranging common poorwills (Phalaenoptilus nuttallii) (Aves: Caprimulgidae)

The purpose of this study was to determine if common poorwills (Phalaenoptilus nuttallii) resist entering torpor during the breeding season. During the summers of 1991 and 1992, we studied poorwills in the Cypress Hills, Saskatchewan, Canada, near the northern limit of their distribution. Since poorwills are monogamous and share incubating and brooding responsibilities, we predicted that the non-incubating or non-brooding bird would enter torpor when stressed energetically (e.g. on cold and/or wet nights). Individuals carrying temperature-sensitive radio transmitters entered torpor significantly less often during the breeding season (two of 195 bird nights) than the non-breeding season (27 of 44 bird nights). During the breeding season we found no birds involved in an active nesting attempt in torpor. We conclude that reproduction constrains the use of torpor by adult birds, but why non-incubating and non-breeding birds did not enter remains unclear.
Happiness and heart rate response: a case of fan services at japanese professional baseball games

The aim of this study was to develop a method for predicting the psychological states of spectators watching professional baseball games at a stadium. This method includes a real time measurement of instantaneous heart rate (i.e., the inverse of the RR interval) without preventing the subject from watching the game and a mathematical procedure used to predict moment by moment psychological states by correlating the degree of a psychological state with the strength of heart rate response, defined as the mean deviation of heart rate variability from a linear regression line from 5 sec before to 25 sec after an event during a baseball game. We recorded the instantaneous heart rates of 10 subjects (total of 27 cases) while they watched Japanese professional baseball games at a stadium and had them subjectively rate the degree of their psychological states in an after-event interview. We identified three psychological states (happiness, excitement, and vigor) whose strength can be predicted from the strength of heart rate response. Analysis of the measured data clarified that heart rate response had a significant correlation with the subjective rating of the intensity of happiness (r = 0.56, p < 0.0001), vigor (r = 0.55, p < 0.0001), and excitement (r = 0.49, p < 0.0001).
Development and Validation of the Short Version of the Reflux Symptom Score: Reflux Symptom Score–12

Objective To develop and validate a short version of the Reflux Symptom Score—the 12-question Reflux Symptom Score–12 (RSS-12)—for patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPR). Study Design Prospective study. Setting Multicenter academic hospitals. Methods Patients with LPR diagnosed via multichannel intraluminal impedance pH monitoring were enrolled from 3 European hospitals. Healthy individuals completed the study. Individuals completed the Reflux Symptom Score, Reflux Symptom Index (RSI), and Voice Handicap Index (VHI) at baseline and 3 months posttreatment. The Reflux Symptom Score was completed twice within a 7-day period to assess test-retest reliability. Cronbach’s α was used for assessing internal consistency. The RSS-12 was developed and validity assessed through a comparison of the RSS-12, RSI, and VHI. Responsiveness to change was evaluated through the pre- to posttreatment evolution of the RSS-12 total score. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to determine the RSS-12 threshold that is suggestive of LPR. Results The RSS-12 was characterized by high test-retest reliability (rs = 0.956) and adequate internal consistency reliability (α = 0.739). The RSS-12 was significantly correlated with the RSI (rs = 0.845), suggesting high external validity. The RSS-12 total and item scores were significantly higher in patients with LPR as compared with healthy individuals (P = .001), supporting high internal validity. RSS-12, VHI, and RSI significantly improved throughout treatment. Regarding the receiver operating characteristic curve, an RSS-12 score >11 is suggestive of LPR, exhibiting a sensitivity of 94.5% and a specificity of 86.2%. Conclusion The RSS-12 is a shorter, reliable, and valid self-administered patient-reported outcome measure questionnaire that can be used in the outpatient setting to suggest and monitor LPR.
Ubiquitin‐binding associated protein 2 regulates KRAS activation and macropinocytosis in pancreatic cancer

Macropinocytosis supports the metabolic requirement of RAS‐transformed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells (PDACs). However, regulators of RAS‐transformation (activation) that lead to macropinocytosis have not been identified. Herein, we report that UBAP2 (ubiquitin‐binding associated protein 2), regulates the activation of KRAS and macropinocytosis in pancreatic cancer. We demonstrate that UBAP2 is highly expressed in both pancreatic cancer cell lines and tumor tissues of PDAC patients. The expression of UBAP2 is associated with poor overall survival in several cancers, including PDAC. Silencing UBAP2 decreases the levels of activated KRAS, and inhibits macropinocytosis, and tumor growth in vivo. Using a UBAP2‐deletion construct, we demonstrate that the UBA‐domain of UBAP2 is critical for the regulation of macropinocytosis and maintaining the levels of activated KRAS. In addition, UBAP2 regulates RAS downstream signaling and helps maintain RAS in the GTP‐bound form. However, the exact mechanism by which UBAP2 regulates KRAS activation is unknown and needs further investigation. Thus, UBAP2 may be exploited as a potential therapeutic target to inhibit macropinocytosis and tumor growth in activated KRAS‐driven cancers.
Vegetation succession in a floating mire in relation to management and hydrology

The vegetation succession in a floating mire was studied in relation to management and hydrological conditions in a former peat cutting area in the northern part of the Netherlands. An existing map showed that in 1956 the vegetation consisted mainly of meadows, reedbeds and rich fen vegetation while a recent survey revealed that this picture had completely changed in 1989. The area had mainly become woodland but part had remained open, due to the continuation of a mowing regime. The timing of the mowing appears to be critical, especially during the earlier phases of the succession. Winter-mowing favours the development of eutrophic reedbeds, while summer-mowing promotes mesotrophic sedge communities. In the course of time these succession lines converge increasingly towards acidic vegetation types. The development from open water to embryonic bog differed greatly between sites with a similar management regime. Mostly this took only a few decades but in a few sites the vegetation had hardly changed since 1956. Whereas the former sites were acid throughout the profile, the latter showed a high pH from top to bottom. It is obvious that acidification does not occur as long as alkaline surface water can move freely underneath the floating mat. As soon as a given site becomes disconnected from the surface water the depletion of bases by infiltrating rainwater is no longer compensated. A rough estimate of the acidification rate shows that in an infiltration area three decades are sufficient for a floating mat of 40 cm to become completely decalcified. This corresponds well to the observed succession from rich fens to embryonic bogs in the same period. It is suggested that the best way to preserve rich fen vegetation is to start the succession anew by digging turf ponds.
Performance and nutrient utilization of broilers fed diets supplemented with a novel mono-component protease

SUMMARY Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of adding an exogenous protease to corn-, soybean meal-, and meat and bone meal-based broiler diets. In the first experiment, 1,764 male Ross 308 broiler chicks were placed in 63 floor pens, with 28 birds per pen. There were 7 treatments, with 9 replicates each, fed in the starter (d 1 to 21) and grower (d 22 to 40) phases. The dietary treatments were a positive control, formulated with 3,050 and 3,150 kcal of ME/ kg and 22.5 and 20% CP in the starter and grower phases, respectively, and a negative control, formulated with a 4.4% reduction in ME and CP as compared with the positive control diets. A mono-component protease (75,000 protease/g) was added to the negative control diets at 0, 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1,600 ppm of feed. Broilers fed the positive control diet grew better and had a better feed-to-gain ratio (FE) than did those fed the negative control diets, regardless of enzyme supplementation. Protease supplementation had no effect on BW; however, FE was improved in a quadratic manner as protease was increased. In experiment 2, a factorial arrangement of 2 protein (7% difference in CP), 2 energy (3% difference in ME), and 2 protease (0 and 200 ppm) concentrations was used, resulting in 8 treatments replicated 11 times (22 male Cobb 500 broilers per replicate). No 3-way interactions were observed for live performance measures. Broilers fed the high-protein and high-energy diets performed better (P ≤ 0.01) than those fed the low-protein and low-energy diets. Protease supplementation improved FE as well as digestibilities of fat and CP (P ≤ 0.01), regardless of dietary protein or energy concentration. The protease used in these studies improved FE and dietary determined AME values as well as dietary CP and fat digestibility values.
Train Operation Method Immediately After a Long Time Interruption –Passenger Loss Time Minimization with Consideration of Passenger Flow Uniformity

It is an important factor for railway services to take proper train rescheduling under disrupted conditions. This paper discusses the rescheduling problem in the case of resumption of train operation, in which the train operation has been suspended by an accident for a long time. The authors propose a novel rescheduling method with consideration of passenger flow control. The proposed rescheduling problem has been formulated as a nonlinear optimization problem, and it has been solved by the simulated annealing method. Finally, the proposed methods are applied to a typical commuter line, and the efficiency of these methods has been verified through simulations.
Ontogenic expression of TGFβ 1, 2, and 3 and its receptors in the rat gastric mucosa

The stomach of the rat undergoes extensive changes during the formation and maturation of gastric glands. The presence of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) in rat milk and in the gastrointestinal tract of pups may suggest its role in this process. The current study evaluated the in vivo dynamic expression and distribution of TGFβ1, β2, β3 and their receptors TβRI and TβRII in the gastric epithelium of 20‐day fetal rats and 1‐, 14‐, 21‐, and 30‐day‐old pups. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the proteins, and staining was classified according to intensity and cell type. The results showed that the gastric epithelium expresses TGFβ isoforms and receptors throughout development. We found that immunoreactivity paralleled the appearance of differentiated cells, such that surface mucous cells were the first to be immunostained and chief cells were the last. The intensity of reactions followed this same pattern, showing that the expression of TGFβ isoforms spread along the gland with growth. Of interest, the highest apparent activity of TGFβ was observed from 21 days onward, a period that is concomitant with weaning and maturation of most gastric cell types. In addition, surface mucous cells were strongly labeled at the basal cytoplasm at 14 days, suggesting an interaction with the connective tissue. In conclusion, the dynamic expression of TGFβ1, β2, β3, and TβRI and TβRII through stomach development suggests significant paracrine and autocrine roles for this growth factor. We propose that temporal and spatial differences may be regulated by dietary changes, which in turn control cell proliferation and differentiation in the gastric epithelium. Developmental Dynamics 227:450–457, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
No relationship between female emergence time from the roosting place and extrapair paternity

In several bird species, the period around dawn seems important for extrapair behavior. For example, a study on great tits (Parus major) showed that females that emerged earlier from their roosting place during the peak of their fertile period were more likely to have extrapair young in their brood. We investigated the potential effect of female emergence times on extrapair behavior in the blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus). First, we tested the relationship between natural female emergence times from the nest-box and the presence or frequency of extrapair offspring in the brood, using 4 years of data. Females progressively emerged earlier from the nest-box as egg laying approached, with the earliest emergence 2 days before the start of laying. However, we found no relationship between female emergence time and the occurrence of extrapair young in the brood. Secondly, in 2 breeding seasons, we experimentally advanced female emergence times by supplying the roosting females with additional light in the early morning. Although the experiment had inconsistent effects on the occurrence of extrapair young in the brood, we found no evidence that female emergence time during peak fertility is directly linked to extrapair paternity. Interestingly, females exposed to artificial light were more likely to return to breed in the next year.
Relationship between Immunoglobulin Concentrations in the Ewe's Serum and Colostrum, and Lamb's Serum in Lori-Bakhtiari Sheep

In this study 71 head of conceiving ewe and their progeny (91 head) from the flock of Lori-Bakhtiari sheep (360 head), in Sholi Station were randomly selected to determine the relationship between the immunoglobulin (IgG) concentration in the ewe's serum and colostrum, and lamb's serum. Ewe blood sample, colostrum of ewe and blood of the lamb was taken 2 weeks before parturition, 1 to 8 hours after parturition and 36 hours after birth of lamb, respectively. The serum of samples was extracted and then IgG (mg/mL) was measured in samples based on single radial immunodiffusion test and total serum protein (gr/L) based on quantitative zinc sulfate turbidity method. Results showed that the overall mean of IgG were 21.33, 48.48 and 7.86 mg/mL for blood serum of ewe, serum colostrum of ewe and blood serum of the lamb and total serum protein were 71.98, 114.48 and 65.77 g/L, respectively. The effects of age of ewe, type of parturition, gender of lamb, body condition score and body weight of ewe on considered immunity traits were not significant (P>0.05). The correlation coefficients between IgG in serum of blood and serum of colostrum in ewe and serum of blood in lamb were medium to high (0.35 to 0.75) and significant (P<0.05). The regression coefficients of IgG concentration in lamb's serum on values in ewe's serum at 2 weeks before parturition was highly significant (P<0.01) and shows that IgG content in lamb's serum increase by 0.18 units per increasing one unit in IgG content in ewe's serum. Therefore, the level of IgG in lamb's serum could be affected by the IgG concentrations in ewe’s serum and colostrum. Also, the level of IgG in lamb's serum could be enhanced by improving the level of IgG concentration in ewe's serum at two weeks before lambing.
Recent advances in the role of RNA-binding protein, tristetraprolin, in arthritis

Abstract The expression levels of cytokines and chemokines are strictly regulated at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. These small proteins are closely related to inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The purpose of this review is to highlight the potential utilization of tristetraprolin (TTP) as a therapeutic target in treating RA. TTP is the most notable and well-characterized RNA-binding protein that destabilizes mRNA of pro-inflammatory cytokines. TTP is thought to play an important role in RA because its target mRNA includes a lot of inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα. Post-translational modifications, especially phosphorylation, seem to be critical for the anti-inflammatory effects of TTP. Importantly, various mouse models, many of which are consistent with in vitro studies, are now available to elicit a more detailed understanding of the pathogenic role of TTP. The results of these multidisciplinary studies indicate that it is possible to improve inflammation by controlling TTP activity. Through this review, I propose that the use of recently developed mouse models and establishment of clever designs to target TTP will greatly contribute to future drug development to treat RA.
Sex Difference in the Age at Symptom onset in Schizophrenia

The sample of the present study consisted of 539 patients of schizophrenia psychosis. Of this, 328 were males and 21 1 females. The mean age at symptom onset for the male patients was about 2.4 years earlier than the female patients. The sex difference remained same when the patients where divided into male paranoid and female paranoid patients, and male non-paranoid and female non-paranoid patients. The onset o f psychosis after the age of 35 occured in 12 per cent of female patients and 7 per cent of male patients. About 5 per cent of female patients gave no evidence of psychosis unt i l after the age of 45 years as compared t o 0.3 per cent of male patients. The relevance of th is f lnding of rex-difference i n the age at symptom onset I n schizophrenia st i l l remalns obscure j n understanding tho pathologicel process involved In Schizophrrnla.
Use of Risk Analysis to Assess Fishery Management Strategies: A Case Study using Orange Roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) on the Chatham Rise, New Zealand

Risk analysis can enhance the value of scientific advice to fishery managers by expressing the uncertainty inherent in stock assessments in terms of biological risk. I present a case study involving an overexploited population of orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) on the Chatham Rise, New Zealand. This analysis quantifies the risk to the fishery and shows how this decreases as the rate of reduction in total allowble catch increases. The technique helps fishery managers balance biological risk against economic risk. Ways of generalizing the technique are discussed.