Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Análisis comparativo de la folivoría en helechos y angiospermas en un Bosque Tropical Húmedo de Costa Rica

Comparamos la magnitud de la folivoria causada por insectos en helechos y angiospermas en tres diferentes tipos de bosque de la Estacion Biologica La Selva: Bosque Tropical Humedo de Altura (BTH1), Bosque Tropical Humedo Basal (BTH2) y Bosque Secundario (BS). En terminos generales, los helechos presentaron mayor folivoria que las angiospermas. Sin embargo, se presentaron diferencias entre ecosistemas. En BTH2 los danos fueron mayores para helechos que para las angiospermas, pero en BTH1 y en BS no hubo diferencias. Los helechos presentaron mayores danos en hojas jovenes y en hojas maduras en comparacion con las angiospermas. Para las angiospermas, la folivoria en ambos tipos de hoja fue similar entre ecosistemas. Sin embargo, en helechos las hojas jovenes presentaron mayor dano en BTH2 que en los demas sitios. Nuestros resultados sugieren que los helechos no estan tan bien protegidos como se creia y, al igual que en las angiospermas, en este grupo los herbivoros tambien representan una importante presion selectiva.
Osteoporosis in men

Abstract Osteoporosis in men represents a major public health problem which, until recently, has received little recognition. Not only do osteoporotic fractures in men account for one-quarter of a billion pounds of Health Service expenditure annually, but men with osteoporotic fractures have a higher morbidity and mortality than that of women. Alcoholism, steroid therapy and hypogonadism are the most common secondary causes of male osteoporosis, although the cause of 50% of cases is unknown. Research into the mechanisms underlying this condition has highlighted the importance of oestrogens for the male skeleton , both in early life and old age. Diagnostic criteria for the condition are at present based on those for women, although the validity of this approach is under discussion. Management should include lifestyle measures to reduce bone loss and prevent falls, such as a high calcium intake, stopping smoking, reducing alcohol intake and keeping physically fit. Treatment with bisphosphonates, calcium, vitamin D and parathyroid hormone have been used with beneficial effects on bone mineral density similar to those observed in women. Testosterone treatment for men with normal gonadal function is currently under investigation. Further research is needed in order to elucidate the causes of ‘idiopathic’ male osteoporosis, and to develop novel treatments based on a knowledge of the underlying mechanisms.
Users' guide to the surgical literature : how to assess an article on health-related quality of life

In addition to relieving clinical symptoms and prolonging survival, the primary objective of any health care intervention is to enhance quality of life (QOL) and well-being.1 The broader term “quality of life” can be defined as “the adequacy of people's material circumstances and their feelings about these circumstances. ”2 This encompasses indicators of life satisfaction, personal wealth and possessions, level of safety, level of freedom, spirituality, health perceptions and physical, psychological, social and cognitive well-being.2 Health-related quality of life (HRQL), a subcomponent of QOL, comprises all areas specific to health, that is, physical, emotional, psychological, social, cognitive and role functioning, as well as abilities, relationships, perceptions, life satisfaction and well-being. It refers to patients' appraisals of their current level of functioning and satisfaction with it, compared with what they perceive to be ideal.3,4 Impaired HRQL is a major reason why patients seek surgical care. Over the past 20 years, investigators have developed sophisticated instruments to measure such patient-centred outcomes as HRQL in addition to such clinical outcomes as mortality and morbidity.5,6 Surgeons increasingly use HRQL assessments to monitor patients over time, help select patients for surgery, determine the effects of surgical treatments and assist in policy decisions.7 HRQL outcomes are particularly relevant to surgical investigations because they can capture the impact of, and recovery from, surgery. This paper's purpose is to help surgeons appraise articles that appear in the surgical literature and purport to measure HRQL outcomes.
Localization and tracking of robotic endoscopic capsules using multiple positron emission markers

Wireless capsule endoscope (WCE) is a first-line medical tool for the diagnosis of many gastrointestinal (GI) tract diseases such as obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, Crohn’s disease, small bowel tumors, and Celiac disease. In the past few years, significant research attention has been dedicated to upgrading the WCE from a diagnostic-only tool to an active medical robot having not only diagnostic capabilities but also therapeutic functionalities such as biopsy, microsurgery, and targeted drug delivery. One of the major limitations that impedes the development of such a robotic-type endoscope is the lack of a highly accurate localization system. In this thesis, a novel localization method based on tracking multiple positron emission markers is presented. In the method, three spherical markers with diameters of less than 1 mm are embedded in the cover of an endoscopic capsule. Two pairs of gamma ray detector modules are arranged around a patient’s body to detect coincidence gamma rays emitted from the three markers. The positions of the three markers, which refer to the position and orientation of the capsule, can then be determined using an effective tracking algorithm. The algorithm consists of four consecutive steps: a method to remove corrupted data, an initialization method, a clustering method based on the Fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm, and a failure prediction method. In order to validate the proposed method, a simulation model of the localization system was developed using the GATE (Geant4 Application for Emission Tomography) toolkit. In this simulation study, both geometric phantoms and a realistic voxelized phantom generated by the 4D extended cardiac-torso (XCAT) software are simulated. After implementing the tracking algorithm in MATLAB, the simulation results show that the proposed method can achieve real-time tracking (computational time of 3-6 milliseconds for every localization time interval of 50 milliseconds) with an average position error of less than 0.4 mm and an average orientation error of less than 2◦. The tracking performance was then further evaluated using experimental data. An experimental apparatus was designed and fabricated using high-resolution 3D print-
Cloud Simulation Tools: A Comparative Analysis

Cloud computing is a way of delivering computing power and other resources on pay-per-use basis. Cloud can be of type public or private depending on the type of network is used for delivering the services. A cloud service comes under various categories depending on the level of resource that is Infrastructure, platform or service. Many cloud computing services are available today to fulfill the user needs and demands. Cloud computing has also attracted many researchers for experimentation for new or existing services. Before deployment of actual cloud experimentation can be done with respect to available tools to perform testing and setting up the benchmarks. An analysis by considering various parameters of such tools is presented to provide guidelines about their working with cloud.
La interface entre la fenomenología y el cuidado de enfermería The interface between phenomenology and nursing care

La propuesta de este estudio es reflexionar sobre la importancia de la fenomenologia en el area de la enfermeria, enfocandola como posibilidad de abrir espacios para pensar el cuidado, fundamentando en la comprension existencial del hombre, contemplando la dimension humana mas alla de la perspectiva tecnico-cientifica. De ese modo, los autores discuten las tendencias de la enfermeria, enfatizando el cuidado desde un enfoque fenomenologico.
Curriculum Development for Medical Education: A Six-Step Approach.

Based on a proven six-step model and including examples and questions to guide application of those timeless principles, Curriculum Development for Medical Education is a practical guidebook for all faculty members and administrators responsible for the educational experiences of medical students, residents, fellows, and clinical practitioners. Incorporating revisions driven by calls for reform and innovations in medical education that challenge established teaching models, the third edition includes an awareness of new accreditation standards and regulatory guidelines. The authors have expanded their discussion of survey methodology for needs assessment and stress the importance of writing competency-based goals and objectives that incorporate milestones, entrustable professional activities, and observable practice activities. With updated examples focusing on interprofessional education, collaborative practice, and educational technology, they describe educational strategies that incorporate the new science of learning. A completely new chapter presents the unique challenges of curriculum development for large, long, and integrated curricula. An overview of climate information needs for ecological effects models : project summary (SuDoc EP ● 1.89/2:600/S 3-90/089) Principles of Reinforced Concrete 1st edition by Guo, Zhenhai (2014) Hardcover ● Gator Bait (A Miss Fortune Mystery) (Volume 5) ● Gator Bait (A Miss Fortune Mystery) (Volume 5) by DeLeon, Jana (2014) Paperback ● Only Forever: Volume 4 ● Only for Her: Volume 2 ● Only for Him: Volume 1 ● [(Only for Us)] [By (author) Cristin Harber] published on (April, 2015) ● Radio Systems Engineering: A Tutorial Approach ● Introduction to Microelectromechanical(MEM)Microwave Systems (Artech House Microwave Library ● (Hardcover)) Introduction to Microelectromechanical Microwave Systems, Second Edition ● [(Introduction to Microelectromechanical (MEM) Microwave Systems )] [Author: Hector J.De Los Santos] ● [Jun-1999] Cytokines in hemopoiesis, oncology, and AIDS ● Introduction to Microelectromechanical Microwave Systems, Second Edition by De Los Santos, Hector J., ● Santos, Hector J. De Los (2004) Hardcover Radio Systems Engineering: A Tutorial Approach by Hector J. De Los Santos (14-Oct-2014) Hardcover ● Radio Systems Engineering: A Tutorial Approach by De Los Santos, Héctor J., Sturm, Christian, Ponte, ● Juan (2014) Hardcover Western: Birth of a Legend (Westerns, Western Books, Western Fiction, Historical, Historical Fiction, ● Historical Novels, Wild West) Born to be a Legend ● Skin CleanseNo More Dirty LooksThe Secret Ways of Getting Clear & Happy Skin Naturally: Step by ● Step Guide to Revitalize Your Skin (Get Rid of Wrinkles, . Aging) (A Healthier and Happier You Book 1)
Clinical Decision Support: The Road Ahead

Introduction: Clinical decision support What it is and why important A brief history of the field Types of computer-aided decision making Case studies Regenstrief experience Brigham experience LDS HELP experience Lessons learned, summary Where are we now? Penetration Limitations New motivations and interest Where does the knowledge come from? Expert knowledge Data mining and predictive modeling Evidence-based medicine Problems in developing decision support applications Representation of the knowledge Integration with host environments Managing the knowledge: authoring and update Standards efforts Arden syntax Guidelines GELLO Vocabularies and data models Process/workflow models Issues Top-down vs. bottom-up approaches Legacy investments Differences among models and purposes Institutional KM challenges Getting a handle on the problem Content management and collaborative authoring/editing Common representation Common interfaces/transaction services Tools for knowledge management A timetable of opportunities Rules knowledge General expressions/calculation/logic Knowledge element groups Order sets Reports and data entry forms Prospects for dissemination and sharing Knowledge as a universal commodity not a proprietary resource Attempts to establish consortia What is needed to overcome barriers
Language Disorder, Convulsive and Electroencephalographic: Acquired Syndrome in Children

A progressive loss of comprehension and production of language occurred in three patients over a period of weeks to months, then plateaued into a stable, prolonged aphasia. The language disorder was associated with seizures which either preceded or shortly followed the onset of language loss. The seizures responded easily to anticonvulsants. Recovery from aphasia was incomplete, but comprehension of written language preceded comprehension of oral language. It is postulated that the pathophysiologic process involves bilateral temporal lobes, and that the origin is either a slowly evolving focal encephalitis or is related, in some unknown way, to convulsive disorder.
Protective role oxitard on drug induced ulcers in rats

Abstract: This study was performed to determine the effects of oxitard on indomethacin induced ulcers in rats. Albino rats (Wister strain) of either sex weighing between 150-200gms were randomly allotted into three groups with eight animals each. Rats housed in individual cages and fasted for 24 hours; Indomethacin was administered orally in the dose of 20mg/kg body weight and kept fasting for 4 hours. Oxitard was mixed with Carboxy Methyl Cellulose powder and diluted with distilled water. The solution was administered orally through the gavages in the dose of 200mg /kg/day. Omeprazole (20mg/kg) was administered intra peritoneally as a standard drug for present study. At the end of study, rats were sacrificed, stomachs were dissected out and stored in 5% formalin solution, ulcer index and histological changes were observed. It was found that, Oxitard showed statistically significant anti ulcer activity comparable to standard drug omeprazole. The mean ulcer indexes of two drugs are formed to be statistically significant. (P value is 0.001). Therefore, the results were suggestive of anti ulcerogenic activity of oxitard.
Cellules souches hématopoïétiques intraembryonnaires chez la souris : encore plus tôt

Dans une mise au point anterieure [1], nous exposions comment nous avions pu detecter chez la souris, grâce a une methode de culture cellulaire en plusieurs etapes, l'apparition de progeniteurs hematopoietiques dans la region paraaortique de l'embryon proprement dit. Comme des progeniteurs dotes de capacites identiques apparaissaient en parallele dans le sac vitellin, il etait impossible d'attribuer leur origine primordiale a un de ces compartiments. Nous avons pu reculer la date du developpement a laquelle ces progeniteurs peuvent etre obtenus a partir soit de cette region embryonnaire, soit du sac vitellin : il a fallu pour cela introduire une phase de culture organotypique avant la phase de culture cellulaire. Ces regions, isolees aux stades de 0 a 10paires de somites (7,5-8,5 jours post-coitum), avant l'etablissement de la circulation sanguine, produisent alors toutes deux des progeniteurs qui apparaissent donc simultanement dans le mesoderme splanchnopleural intraembryonnaire caudal et dans le mesoderme du sac vitellin. Mais le potentiel hematopoietique de ces deux regions est different : seul l'embryon produit des progeniteurs lymphoides et des progeniteurs myeloides ; le sac vitellin ne produit que ces derniers.
Enfocando la metáfora visual: ópticas cognitivas I

La reflexion en torno a la metafora ha acompanado el devenir del pensamiento occidental desde sus origenes. Desde las tentativas iniciales de su elucidacion, acunadas en la Retorica y Poetica aristotelicas, hasta las modernas teorias de la interaccion emergidas ya bien entrado el siglo veinte, se ha acumulado un gran numero de acercamientos cuyo censo y comentario constituyen materia prima de no pocas monografias, como las de Hawkes (1972) y Ricoeur (1980), por citar algunas destacadas. Lejos de buscar prolongar dichos esfuerzos, nuestra aportacion se inspira en el creciente auge de iconos en la comunicacion mediatica contemporanea para desarrollar una reflexion, tanto sobre la plausible existencia de la metafora visual y/o audiovisual, como de los terminos teorico-metodologicos con los que su analisis podria ser encarado. De corte teorico, la pesquisa que aqui avanzamos busca acercarnos a un encuadramiento para explorar la metafora visual en tanto instrumento de comunicacion, describriendo los procesos fundamentalmente cognitivos que su actualizacion en todo momento presupone.
Retour d’expérience(s) sur un dispositif visant à réduire l’échec en premier cycle universitaire : le Cycle d’Orientation et de Consolidation

La lutte contre le decrochage des etudiants de premier cycle a l’universite est aujourd’hui inscrite dans les politiques des pouvoirs publics. Si les causes multifactorielles de l’echec a l’universite sont bien identifiees, les outils de remediation visant a « raccrocher » les etudiants sont encore souvent a l’etat d’experimentation dans les universites francaises. Ainsi, un cycle d’orientation et de consolidation (COC) a ete mis en place a l’Universite de Bretagne Sud (UBS) en 2001 dans le but d’identifier et d’accompagner les etudiants potentiellement decrocheurs du premier semestre universitaire. Cette etude, a travers une enquete et des entretiens, vise a dresser un bilan de ce dispositif.
Designs and Analyses in Structured Peer-To-Peer Systems

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) computing is a recent hot topic in the areas of networking and distributed systems. Work on P2P computing was triggered by a number of ad-hoc systems that made the concept popular. Later, academic research efforts started to investigate P2P computing issues based on scientific principles. Some of that research produced a number of structured P2P systems that were collectively referred to by the term "Distributed Hash Tables" (DHTs). However, the research occurred in a diversified way leading to the appearance of similar concepts yet lacking a common perspective and not heavily analyzed. In this thesis we present a number of papers representing our research results in the area of structured P2P systems grouped as two sets labeled respectively "Designs" and "Analyses". The contribution of the first set of papers is as follows. First, we present the princi- ple of distributed k-ary search and argue that it serves as a framework for most of the recent P2P systems known as DHTs. That is, given this framework, understanding existing DHT systems is done simply by seeing how they are instances of that frame- work. We argue that by perceiving systems as instances of that framework, one can optimize some of them. We illustrate that by applying the framework to the Chord system, one of the most established DHT systems. Second, we show how the frame- work helps in the design of P2P algorithms by two examples: (a) The DKS(n; k; f) system which is a system designed from the beginning on the principles of distributed k-ary search. (b) Two broadcast algorithms that take advantage of the distributed k-ary search tree. The contribution of the second set of papers is as follows. We account for two approaches that we used to evaluate the performance of a particular class of DHTs, namely the one adopting periodic stabilization for topology maintenance. The first approach was of an intrinsic empirical nature. In this approach, we tried to perceive a DHT as a physical system and account for its properties in a size-independent manner. The second approach was of a more analytical nature. In this approach, we applied the technique of Master Equations, which is a widely used technique in the analysis of natural systems. The application of the technique lead to a highly accurate description of the behavior of structured overlays. Additionally, the thesis contains a primer on structured P2P systems that tries to capture the main ideas prevailing in the field.
Ai Game Programming Wisdom 3 Game Development Series

Thank you very much for reading ai game programming wisdom 3 game development series. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their favorite readings like this ai game programming wisdom 3 game development series, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious virus inside their computer.
Developing Adaptive E-Learning Portal in Higher Education

This paper describes an adaptive web portal for e-learning in higher education. Portal is single access point to all relevant information, resources and applications in the education process. Primary goal of this paper is development of adaptive e-learning system by integration of adaptation services and existing e-learning management system, Moodle. Adaptive web portal provides support for learning, communication and interaction, in a personalized way. E-learning courses adaptation is reflected in: adaptation of presentation materials, methods of communication, interaction, and collaboration, according to requirements and characteristics of students. We describe sophisticated adaptive mechanism that generates series of instructions for creation, organization and implementation of adaptive courses, based on student model. Adaptation services are developed by using business intelligence tools and various adaptation techniques. Adaptation is implemented on the basis of three criteria: students’ knowledge about the area being studied, students' learning styles and students’ learning goals. We provide detailed description of adaptive portal’s architecture, as well as design and implementation of key components. Adaptive web portal will be implemented in a real system for e-education at the Faculty of Organizational Sciences, University of Belgrade.
Generación Semiautomática de Animaciones de Programas Funcionales con Fines Educativos

XV 1. Introducción 1 1.1. Motivación . 1 1.2. Hipótesis de trabajo . 3 1.3. Objetivos . 4 1.4. Aportaciones principales . 5 1.5. Organización de la memoria . 7 2. Estado de la cuestión 9 2.1. Visualización . 9 2.2. Visualización del software . 11 2.3. Visualización de la programación funcional . 13 2.3.1. Características del paradigma funcional . 14 2.3.2. Sistemas de visualización de la programación funcional . 15 2.3. 3. Visualización de las Características del Paradigma Funcional . 17 2.4. Visualización de programas y algoritmos con fines educativos . 23 2.4. 1. Factores a tener en cuenta en el uso educativo de las visualizaciones . 25 2.4. 2. Revisión de sistemas . 28 2.4. 3. El papel de los profesores . 37 2.5. Resumen . 38 3. Marco general de trabajo 41 3.1. El punto de partida . 41 3.1.1. El modelo de ejecución de programas funcionales . 42 3.1.2. El modelo de visualización estática de programas funcionales . 43 3.1.3. El modelo de animación de programas funcionales . 46 3.2. Ubicación de las aportaciones de la tesis . 50 3.2.1. Aspectos interactivos en la construcción de las animaciones . 51 3.2.2. Uso educativo de las animaciones y su proceso de construcción . 51
Traumatology Trends: A Content Analysis of Three Counseling Journals From 1994 to 2014

A content analysis of the Journal of Counseling & Development, Journal of Mental Health Counseling, and Counselor Education and Supervision from 1994 to 2014 was conducted to determine traumatology topics and trends. The frequency of trauma articles was low, and the largest category focused on sexual abuse. Few articles addressed terrorism or mass violence. Emerging topics included shared trauma and trauma supervision. Development of consistent nomenclature, trauma training, and specialized trauma journals are recommended to increase publications.