Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Type noun uses in the English NP: A case of right to left layering

This article addresses the relatively neglected question of identifying and characterizing the various uses of sort, kind and type in the English NP. It does so on the basis of close analysis of a set of data extracted from the Times subcorpus of the COBUILD corpus. The proposed description refers to the general functions fulfilled by elements of the NP, which, from right to left, form an objective — subjective continuum. At the same time, we characterize the specific grammatical, collocational and discoursal patterns that can be observed to shape each use in the empirical data. In this way, we distinguish, besides the generally recognized head and qualifier uses, also modifier, postdeterminer and quantifier uses. We then consider these intra-NP type noun uses as a possible case of Adamson’s (2000) hypothesis, which correlates subjectification with leftward movement in the NP.
Toxicogenomics in regulatory ecotoxicology.

Recent years have witnessed an explosion of different genomic approaches which, through a combination of advanced biological, instrumental and bioinformatic techniques, can yield a previously unparalleled amount of data concerning the molecular and biochemical status of organisms. Fueled partially by large, well-publicized efforts such as the human genome project, genomic research has become a rapidly growing topical area in multiple biological disciplines. Since 1999 when the term toxicogenomics was coined to describe the application of genomics to toxicology, a citation analysis reveals a rapid increase in publications dealing with the topic. The potential utility of toxicogenomics in toxicological research and regulatory activities has been the subject of scientific discussions and, as with any new technology, there is a wide range of opinion. The purpose of this feature article is to consider roles of toxicogenomics in the field of regulatory ecotoxicology, explore current limitations in the science and practice of genomics, and propose possible avenues to approach and resolve some of the major challenges. A significant amount of input to our analysis came from a workshop sponsored by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry in Pellston, MI in September, 2005.
The effects of vitamin C on DDP-induced anemia in rats

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin C on cisplatin (DDP)-induced anemia and explore its possible mechanisms in rats. Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: control, vitamin C 50, vitamin C 100, DDP, DDP plus vitamin C 50 and DDP plus vitamin C 100-treated groups. DDP was intravenous injected as a single dose and vitamin C was administered by gavage. Serum erythropoietin (Epo), hemoglobin (Hb) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration were measured 4 and 14 days after DDP treatment. The changes of renal tissue were examined by light microscope. Administration of DDP to rats induced anemia and nephrotoxicity, characterized with a significant decrease in serum Epo and Hb and increase in BUN concentrations. Pathological examination revealed that DDP caused significant renal damage in rats. Vitamin C administration produced amelioration in biochemical indices of anemia and nephrotoxicity and in histological change when compared to group DDP alone; concurrent administration of vitamin C at doses of 100 mg/kg being more effective. Results from this study indicate that the novel natural antioxidant vitamin C might have protective effect against DDP-induced anemia in rats.
Classification of human vs. non-human, and subtyping of human influenza viral strains using Profile Hidden Markov Models

Influenza is one of the most important emerging and reemerging infectious diseases, causing high morbidity and mortality in communities (epidemic) and worldwide (pandemic). Here, Classification of human vs. non-human influenza, and subtyping of human influenza viral strains virus is done based on Profile Hidden Markov Models. The classical ways of determining influenza viral subtypes depend mainly on antigenic assays, which is time-consuming and not fully accurate. The introduced technique is much cheaper and faster, yet usually can still yield high accuracy. Multiple sequence alignments were done for all human HA subtypes (H1, H2, H3 and H5), and NA subtypes (N1 and N2), followed by profile-HMMs models generation, calibration and evaluation using the HMMER suite for each group. Subtyping accuracy of all HA and NA models achieved 100%, while host classification (human vs. non-human) has accuracies varied between (55.5% and 97.5%) according to HA subtype.
X‐ray crystal structure of TTHB099, a CRP/FNR superfamily transcriptional regulator from thermus thermophilus HB8, reveals a DNA‐binding protein with no required allosteric effector molecule

X-ray crystal structure of TTHB099, a CRP/ FNR superfamily transcriptional regulator from Thermus thermophilus HB8, reveals a DNA-binding protein with no required allosteric effector molecule Yoshihiro Agari, Seiki Kuramitsu, and Akeo Shinkai* 1 RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Harima Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan 2Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
SOLAR OBLIQUITY INDUCED BY PLANET NINE

The six-degree obliquity of the Sun suggests that either an asymmetry was present in the solar system’s formation environment, or an external torque has misaligned the angular momentum vectors of the Sun and the planets. However, the exact origin of this obliquity remains an open question. Batygin & Brown have recently shown that the physical alignment of distant Kuiper Belt orbits can be explained by a planet on a distant, eccentric, and inclined orbit, with an approximate perihelion distance of ∼250 au. Using an analytic model for secular interactions between Planet Nine and the remaining giant planets, here, we show that a planet with similar parameters can naturally generate the observed obliquity as well as the specific pole position of the Sun’s spin axis, from a nearly aligned initial state. Thus, Planet Nine offers a testable explanation for the otherwise mysterious spin–orbit misalignment of the solar system.
Emergency department enlargement in China: exciting or bothering.

BACKGROUND Emergency department (ED) enlargement became a trend with its development. However, there came some problems such as ED overcrowding and increasing medical disputes. Here we did a survey about the development tendency of EDs in 3A grade hospitals in China, analysed the problems we facing and rendered some solutions combining some special characteristics in China. METHODS We randomly selected 17 3A grade general hospitals from 12 provinces from the 50 members of Chinese College of Emergency Physician. A questionnaire survey was conducted. The basic information and problems of EDs were collected and analysed. RESULTS The gross area, the number of beds and the attention paid by the hospitals of EDs increased during the development, so did the patients admitted to EDs, also more doctors and nurses devoted into emergency medicine. But it had become more difficult for doctors to admit ED patients to inpatient wards. Besides the problem of increasing crowding degree, EDs faced more medical disputes and complains during the development. CONCLUSIONS ED expanding was the result of emergency medicine development, but the enlargement of ED should be more rational. We should improve our doctors' medical skills, optimize the health system, pay more attention to preventive medicine and push hard for health-care reform instead of forcing ED enlargement to satisfy the need for ED.
Agitation leaching recovery of lead and zinc from complex sulphideore deposit using HF, HCL and H2SO4

The paper presents laboratory report on leach study of a particular ZnS ore using a range of concentrated acid. The authors carried out this work as prelude to a more systematic study on the considerable body of knowledge in processing this type of ore in terms of the Roast-Leach-Electrowin process and then considered the extent to which this method is applicable to their specific ore. The ore was roasted in air and leached in three acids HF, HCl and H2SO4 using agitation leaching method with variation in leaching time and molar concentration of acids. The effect of increasing the concentration of leachants shows that both metals have higher values of recovery at lower concentration ranging from 1~3M of HF, and at 1M of HCl and H2SO4. Highest Zn dissolution was obtained in 6M H2SO4 and HF; 1M HCl while Pb recovery in the trend of HF, HCl and M H2SO4.
All-optical generation of microwave and Millimeter wave using a two-frequency Bragg grating-based Brillouin fiber laser

A novel all-optical technique for microwave/millimeter-wave generation using two-frequency fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based Brillouin fiber laser is presented. The mechanism for the microwave and millimeter-wave generation is theoretically analyzed. An approximately 33-GHz millimeter wave can be achieved through mixing the pump wave with the third Stokes' wave. In the experiment, an 11-GHz microwave signal is attained. The microwave frequency can be tuned by varying temperature of the fiber Fabry-Pe/spl acute/rot cavity of the Brillouin fiber laser. A more than 100-MHz tuning range around a frequency of 11 GHz is experimentally achieved.
Evaluation of oral hypo‐osmolar glucose‐based and rice‐based oral rehydration solutions in the treatment of cholera in children

In a randomized controlled clinical trial, the efficacy of a low‐sodium low‐glucose oral rehydration solution (ORS) and a low‐sodium rice‐based ORS was compared with standard WHO glucose ORS in the treatment of severe cholera in children aged 2‐10 y. In total, 120 children were evaluated for the study, of whom 58 patients were positive for Vibrio cholerae and were included in the study. Of these 58 cases, 19 received rice‐based hypo‐osmolar ORS, 20 received WHO‐ORS and 19 received glucose‐based hypo‐osmolar ORS. The clinical characteristics (age, preadmission duration of diarrhoea, frequency of stool before admission, incidence of vomiting, body weight and volume of initial fluid requirement) were comparable in the three treatment groups. All patients received tetracycline in a dose of 50 mg/kg/d of body weight in 4 divided doses for 3 d.
Effectiveness of interventions that apply new media to improve vaccine uptake and vaccine coverage

Background Vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD) are still a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In high and middle-income settings, immunization coverage is relatively high. However, in many countries coverage rates of routinely recommended vaccines are still below the targets established by international and national advisory committees. Progress in the field of communication technology might provide useful tools to enhance immunization strategies. Objective To systematically collect and summarize the available evidence on the effectiveness of interventions that apply new media to promote vaccination uptake and increase vaccination coverage. Design We conducted a systematic literature review. Studies published from January 1999 to September 2013 were identified by searching electronic resources (Pubmed, Embase), manual searches of references and expert consultation. Study setting We focused on interventions that targeted recommended vaccinations for children, adolescents and adults and: (1) aimed at increasing community demand for immunizations, or (2) were provider-based interventions. We limited the study setting to countries that are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Main outcome measures The primary outcome was a measure of vaccination (vaccine uptake or vaccine coverage). Considered secondary outcomes included willingness to receive immunization, attitudes and perceptions toward vaccination, and perceived helpfulness of the intervention. Results Nineteen studies were included in the systematic review. The majority of the studies were conducted in the US (74%, n = 14); 68% (n = 13) of the studies were experimental, the rest having an observational study design. Eleven (58%) reported results on the primary outcome. Retrieved studies explored the role of: text messaging (n.7, 37%), smartphone applications (n.1, 5%), Youtube videos (n.1, 5%), Facebook (n.1, 5%), targeted websites and portals (n.4, 21%), software for physicians and health professionals (n.4, 21%), and email communication (n.1, 5%). There is some evidence that text messaging, accessing immunization campaign websites, using patient-held web-based portals and computerized reminders increase immunization coverage rates. Insufficient evidence is available on the use of social networks, email communication and smartphone applications. Conclusion Although there is great potential for improving vaccine uptake and vaccine coverage by implementing programs and interventions that apply new media, scant data are available and further rigorous research - including cost-effectiveness assessments - is needed.
Bird-repellent effects on bait efficacy for control of invasive mammal pests.

BACKGROUND Repellents to reduce crop damage from birds and mammals have been investigated extensively, but their efficacy in reducing risk to non-target birds in aerial poisoning operations for control of mammal pests is less known. We assessed the impact on bait acceptability, palatability and kill efficacy for captive wild rats (Rattus rattus L.) and possums (Trichosurus vulpecula Kerr) of adding bird repellents (anthraquinone and d-pulegone) to baits used for their control in food choice trials. RESULTS For possums, anthraquinone at 0.25% reduced acceptability and palatability but not the efficacy of poison baits, whereas d-pulegone at 0.17% had no significant effects. Rats showed little response to d-pulegone, but developed a marked aversion to prefeed baits containing anthraquinone at both 0.1 and 0.25%, such that almost no exposed rats ate poison baits and mortality was reduced significantly. The aversion induced by anthraquinone was generalised to the bait, as anthraquinone-exposed rats did not eat bait with only d-pulegone. CONCLUSION Anthraquinone is not suitable for inclusion in bait for rat control at the concentrations tested, and also presents some risk to efficacy for possum control. D-pulegone would be suitable for inclusion in bait for possums and rats, but problems related to its volatility in bait manufacture and storage would need to be overcome. Further studies should focus on an alternative secondary repellent, or on establishing the maximum anthraquinone concentration that does not reduce efficacy for rats and testing whether or not that concentration is sufficient to repel native birds from baits reliably.
Codage avec pertes de mosaïques vidéo selon un critère MDL

Cet article présente une technique de codage avec pertes de carte de segmentation dans le cadre d’un schéma de compression orientéerégions de séquences vidéo. Cette technique est basée sur une approximation polygonale des contours définissant les différentes régions. L’approximation polygonale effectuée est contrôlée à l’aide d’un critère MDL (Minimum Description Length) permettant de minimiser le coût de description global, prenant en compte le surcoût des erreurs induites dues à l’approximation effectuée. Cette technique permet ainsi d’obtenir des coûts de codage de l’ordre de 0.4 bits par éléments de contours. ABSTRACT
Decerebrate Rigidity, and Reflex Coordination of Movements

IN a communication to the Royal Society in 18961 I described under the name decerebrate rigidity a condition of long-maintained muscular contraction supervening on removal of the cerebral hemispheres. The condition is one possessing considerable physiological interest, but I have not succeeded in finding any description of it prior to the above mentioned. Although continued experimentation still leaves me in doubt concerning the actual focus of origin of the rigidity, it will be useful to give here a further account of the phenomenon and of some points connected with it. When in the monkey after ligation of the carotid arteries and under deep chloroformisation the cerebral hemispheres are removed, and little habmorrhage has occurred, the respiratory movements proceed, after a slight temporary check, regularly as before, and the chloroform narcosis can be somewhat relaxed because profound unconsciousness has resulted from the ablation itself. Then ensues, often almost at once, i.e. in a few minutes, sometimes however only after an interval of an hour or more, a status characterised by a peculiar rigidity of certain joints. The elbow joints do not allow then of the usually easily made passive flexion, the knee joints similarlv are stiffly extended. The tail is stiff and straight instead of flexible and drooping. The neck is rigidly extended, the head retracted, and the chin thrown upward.
Comparison of solar based closed loop DC-DC converter using PID and fuzzy logic control for shunt motor drive

This paper presents an comparison of solar based closed loop DC-DC Converter using PID and Fuzzy Logic Control for shunt motor drive. Solar panel is connected input side then two full bridge converter, step up transformer, PI filter and shunt motor drive are connected. Comparator compare the set value and the output signal of a motor produce signal, based on a signal full wave converter produced the voltage due to that voltage run the motor. The circuit with all the component parameters operates at zero-voltage switching which retains the high circuit efficiency. Speed of motor, Torque and Armature current, Rise time, Peak time, Settling time and Steady state error are measured by experimental. A circuit operation and simulation designed for a 220v dc output arrived and tested.
Treatment of Resistant/Relapsing Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia with a Combination Regimen Containing Deoxycoformycin and Rituximab

Background: Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are sometimes resistant to treatment or relapse soon after the administration of the currently available frontline therapy including chlorambucil-prednisolone CHOP and fludarabine. We report the beneficial effect of an alternative chemotherapeutic regimen containing 2’-deoxycoformycin (pentostatin) and the monoclonal antibody anti-CD20 (rituximab) in 5 patients with resistant/relapsing CLL. Patients: Five patients (4 men and 1 woman) with CLL at stage C, according to Binet’s classification, were included in the therapeutic protocol. The median age of the patients was 76 years (range 57–84 years). Previous treatment consisted of chlorambucil-prednisolone, fludarabine, and CHOP. The current regimen comprised six 2-week cycles of pentostatin, 4 mg/m2 i.v. , combined with four cycles of rituximab, in a dose of 375 mg/m2, every other week. Results: Three patients responded to therapy, 2 achieved complete remission and 1 a partial response. Two patients did not respond to treatment. Toxicity was mild and well tolerated. The median survival duration of the responders was 19 months. These promising results suggest that salvage therapy with a combination regimen including pentostatin and rituximab may have a beneficial effect in patients with resistant/relapsing CLL.
HEAT REACTIONS OF CAUCASIANS IN TEMPERATE, IN HOT, DRY, AND IN HOT, HUMID CLIMATES.

Heat reactions of Australian Caucasians living in hot, humid climates and of French Caucasians living in hot, dry climates were compared to unacclimatized and highly acclimatized male Caucasians living in Johannesburg. The experiments were conducted in climatic chambers at temperatures of 90 F wet-bulb and 93 F dry-bulb, and a workload of 1 liter O2/min consumption. The Australians did not differ significantly from the French in the three reactions to heat, except for a slightly significantly higher sweat rate in the 1st hr. The French and Australians had lower mean rectal temperatures and heart rates and higher sweat rates than the unacclimatized South Africans. Although the trend is toward a significant difference for all hours, the differences are not always significant. Living and working in the hot, humid tropics and in the hot, dry desert evidently confers a certain measure of acclimatization to heat. Quantitatively this can be expressed as 50% of the difference between unacclimatized and acclimatiz.
Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy after bilateral nephrectomy.

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is common inhypertensive patients and predicts heart failure,arrhythmia, cerebrovascular complications and death.LVH is endemic in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Risk factors for LVH in ESRD patients includehypertension, anaemia, secondary hyperparathyroid-ism and arteriovenous ﬁstulae. LVH is a powerfulpredictor of cardiac morbidity and mortality in theESRD population [1,2]. Regression of LVH has beenreported in ESRD patients after blood pressure (BP)reduction with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibi-tors (ACE-Is), or angiotensin receptor antagonists(ARB) [3,4], and after erythropoietin therapy foranaemia.We report a case in which dramatic regression inLVH was documented on magnetic resonance images(MRIs) of the heart performed before and afterbilateral nephrectomy.Cardiologists use measurements of left ventricular(LV) mass, relative wall thickness and mass–volumeratio to diagnose LVH. Data about LV mass andgeometry in dialysis patients are based on echocardio-graphy which is highly dependent upon operatorskill, individual patient anatomy and mathematicalassumptions. Changes in extracellular volume duringand between dialysis treatments can also cause sub-stantial variations in echocardiographic measurements.Cardiac MRI measures the heart independent ofoperator skill or patient habitus. MRI assessments ofLVmass,relativewallthicknessandmass–volumeratiorely on direct measurements rather than geometricalassumptions which have never been proven to apply tothe ESRD ventricle [5].
Critical success factors for adoption of web-based learning management systems in Tanzania

This paper examines factors that predict students' continual usage intention of web-based learning content management systems in Tanzania, with a specific focus at Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Science (MUHAS). This study sent a questionnaire surveys to 408 first year undergraduate students, with a rate of return of 66.7This study adapted the information system success (ISS) model, and it used structural equation modelling (SEM) for data analysis. The results show that quality-related factors (instructor and system) were a key predictor of perceived usefulness and user satisfaction, and that information quality was found to significantly affect perceived usefulness. Further, perceived usefulness was a key determinant of user satisfaction, which in turn predicted continual usage intention of students within the e-learning system under the analysis. The researcher’s paper is among the few exploratory studies that examines constructs of IS success model in the e-learning systems in sub-Saharan Africa, and Tanzania in particular, and presents e-learning success factors that should be of value to higher learning institutions management, e-learning systems designers and providers, and instructors when planning and implementing e-learning projects in the region and beyond.