Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Review on Determinants of Nutritional Behavior in Teenagers

Context: Adolescence is associated with important physical, mental, and social changes leading to rapid changes in behavioral patterns including nutritional behaviors. The nutritional behaviors of individuals as well as changing those behaviors should be recognized to design an effective program. The present study sets to recognize determinants of the adolescents’ nutritional behaviors based on the social-ecological model. Evidence Acquisition: In an extensive literature review, all Farsi and English articles adopted quantitative studies, which were either cross-sectional, longitudinal, or clinical trials. Furthermore, all Farsi and English qualitative studies published from 1990 to 2016 were reviewed. For this purpose, Scopus, Medline, Embase, Cochrane central register of controlled trials and Cochrane database systematic review databases, as well as Farsi databases including Iranmedex, SID, and Magiran were searched. Keywords included nutritional behaviors of teenagers (eating breakfast, fruits, and vegetables, fast foods, unhealthy snacks) and determinant factors. After extracting the effective factors, they were categorized into social-ecological mode. Results: Since ecological models are focused on individuals’ interactions with cultural, environmental, and social factors, applying them to determine the effective factors, and designing interventions based on these factors could enhance the programs for improvement of teenagers’ nutritional behaviors. Conclusions: Changes in intrapersonal and environmental factors could have a more effective role in making changes in teenagers’ nutritional behaviors. Since some of these factors become key factors in different social-cultural contexts, nutritional changes in societies have a decisive role in their significance. The significance level of factors and their effect on the target society must be considered for designing more effective interventions.
Earable RCC: Development of an Earphone-Type Reliable Chewing-Count Measurement Device

Gastric cancer patients having undergone gastrectomy are at a high risk of becoming malnourished owing to decreased gastric function. To prevent malnutrition, patients need to thoroughly chew a mouthful of food at least 30 times. For these gastrectomy patients requiring dietary support, we developed a chewing-count measurement device named earable RCC using an earphone-type sensor. Experiments to evaluate the performance of this device were conducted on six healthy volunteers who participated in “gum-chewing tests” and “almond-eating tests. ” The precision calculated based on the results was ≥0.958, indicating that the earphone-type chewing-count measurement device could experimentally distinguish chewing from other actions. In addition, the recall calculated from the test results was ≥0.937, showing that the device does not miss chewing actions and can accurately count the number of chews with high probability at the timing of chewing. The experimental results also imply that earphone-type sensors may be used to measure swallowing, occlusal force, and tongue motion. Our future plans include clinical testing of the earphone-type chewing-count measurement device to determine its utility in patients who have undergone gastrectomy. We also intend to expand the application of this device for use in other patients to aid in dementia prevention and dietary support.
The Status of Setaria viridis Transformation: Agrobacterium-Mediated to Floral Dip

Setaria viridis has many attributes, including small stature and simple growth requirements, that make it attractive as a model species for monocots. Genetic engineering (transformation) methodology is a key prerequisite for adoption of plant species as models. Various transformation approaches have been reported for S. viridis including tissue culture-based and in planta by Agrobacterium tumefaciens infection of floral organs referred to as the floral dip method. The tissue culture-based method utilizes A. tumefaciens infection of mature seed-derived callus with subsequent recovery of stable transgenic lines. Vectors found to be most effective contain the hygromycin phosphotransferase selectable marker gene driven by either Panicum virgatum or Zea mays ubiquitin promoters. As for the floral dip method, there are two reports based on Agrobacterium infection of young S. viridis inflorescences. Plants were allowed to mature, seeds were collected, and analysis of the progeny verified the presence of transgenes. Each transformation approach, tissue culture-based and floral dip, has advantages and disadvantages depending on the expertise of personnel and resources available. While the tissue culture-based method results in a higher transformation efficiency than floral dip, implementation requires a specific technical skillset that limits availability of experienced personnel to successfully perform transformations. Less technical experience is required for floral dip; however, a lack of high-quality growth chambers or greenhouses that provide the necessary optimum growing conditions would reduce an already low transformation efficiency or would not result in recovery of transgenic lines. An overview of transformation methods reported for S. viridis is presented in this review.
Design of a linear quadratic regulator for nonlinear systems modeled via norm-bounded linear differential inclusions

Abstract This paper proposes the design of a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) for a class of nonlinear systems modeled via norm-bounded linear differential inclusions (NLDIs). The system to be controlled is originally described by a nonlinear dynamical model in state-space form. For synthesis purposes, however, this nonlinear system is represented in the form of an NLDI. Using an approach based on the mean-value theorem, this NLDI considers the nonlinear terms in the Taylor series expansion of the nonlinear equations as uncertainties in the model. The main contribution of this paper is the construction of a procedure to design an LQR controller for the NLDI representation of the nonlinear system, in such a way that the properties guaranteed to the NLDI model by the controller will also be valid for the underlying nonlinear system. The control design problem is formulated as an optimization problem in the form of bilinear matrix inequalities (BMIs) and solved via an iterative process known as V-K iterations. A numerical example is presented at the end of this paper to demonstrate the effectiveness of the LQR controller to this class of systems.
Show , Discriminate , and Tell : A Discriminatory Image Captioning Model with Deep Neural Networks

Caption generation has long been seen as a difficult problem in Computer Vision and Natural Language Processing. In this paper, we present an image captioning model based on a end-to-end neural framework that combines Convolutional Neural Network and Recurrent Neural Network. Critical to our approach is a ranking objective that attempts to add discriminatory power to the model. Experiments on MS COCO dataset shows that our model consistently outperforms its counterpart with no ranking objective, both quantitatively based on BLEU and CIDEr scores and qualitatively based on human evaluation.
Improving Evoked Potential Brain-Computer Interface Design Using Mutation Based Genetic Algorithm

The performance of Evoked Potential Brain-Computer Interface design is improved using mutation based genetic algorithm (GA) method that extracts stimulus related evoked component from the averaged electroencephalogram. GA is conducted with the fitness function given by the negentropy values of the extracted independent components. The method was tested on artificially generated signals and signals from the Wadsworth dataset available as part of the BCI competition III. The results indicate the improvement of evoked potential extraction using the proposed method. Keywords-brain-computer interface; electroencephalogram; independent component analysis; genetic algorithm
Symptomatic recurrent varicose veins due to primary avalvular varicose anomalies (PAVA): A previously unreported cause of recurrence

A 56-year-old woman presented in 2006 with symptomatic primary varicose veins in her right leg. Venous duplex ultrasonography at that time showed what appeared to be “neovascular tissue” around the saphenofemoral junction. However, there had been no previous trauma or surgery in this area. This appearance has subsequently been described as primary avalvular varicose anomalies. She underwent endovenous treatment at that time. In 2018, she presented with symptomatic recurrent varicose veins of the same leg. Venous duplex ultrasonography showed successful ablation of the great saphenous and anterior accessory saphenous veins. All of the recurrent venous reflux was arising from the primary avalvular varicose anomalies. This report shows that primary avalvular varicose anomalies is a previously unreported cause of recurrent varicose veins and leads us to suggest that if found, treatment of the primary avalvular varicose anomalies should be considered at the primary procedure.
From Faces to Outdoor Light Probes

Image‐based lighting has allowed the creation of photo‐realistic computer‐generated content. However, it requires the accurate capture of the illumination conditions, a task neither easy nor intuitive, especially to the average digital photography enthusiast. This paper presents an approach to directly estimate an HDR light probe from a single LDR photograph, shot outdoors with a consumer camera, without specialized calibration targets or equipment. Our insight is to use a person's face as an outdoor light probe. To estimate HDR light probes from LDR faces we use an inverse rendering approach which employs data‐driven priors to guide the estimation of realistic, HDR lighting. We build compact, realistic representations of outdoor lighting both parametrically and in a data‐driven way, by training a deep convolutional autoencoder on a large dataset of HDR sky environment maps. Our approach can recover high‐frequency, extremely high dynamic range lighting environments. For quantitative evaluation of lighting estimation accuracy and relighting accuracy, we also contribute a new database of face photographs with corresponding HDR light probes. We show that relighting objects with HDR light probes estimated by our method yields realistic results in a wide variety of settings.
Automated oestrus detection using multimetric behaviour recognition in seasonal-calving dairy cattle on pasture

Abstract AIM To evaluate the performance of a novel accelerometer-based oestrus detection system (ODS) for dairy cows on pasture, in comparison with measurement of concentrations of progesterone in milk, ultrasonographic examination of ovaries and farmer observations. METHODS Mixed-breed lactating dairy cows (n=109) in a commercial, seasonal-calving herd managed at pasture under typical farming conditions in Ireland, were fitted with oestrus detection collars 3 weeks prior to mating start date. The ODS performed multimetric analysis of eight different motion patterns to generate oestrus alerts. Data were collected during the artificial insemination period of 66 days, commencing on 16 April 2015. Transrectal ultrasonographic examinations of the reproductive tract and measurements of concentrations of progesterone in milk were used to confirm oestrus events. Visual observations by the farmer and the number of theoretically expected oestrus events were used to evaluate the number of false negative ODS alerts. The percentage of eligible cows that were detected in oestrus at least once (and were confirmed true positives) was calculated for the first 21, 42 and 63 days of the insemination period. RESULTS During the insemination period, the ODS generated 194 oestrus alerts and 140 (72.2%) were confirmed as true positives. Six confirmed oestrus events recognised by the farmer did not generate ODS alerts. The positive predictive value of the ODS was 72.2 (95% CI=65.3–78.4)%. To account for oestrus events not identified by the ODS or the farmer, four theoretical missed oestrus events were added to the false negatives. Estimated sensitivity of the automated ODS was 93.3 (95% CI=88.1–96.8)%. The proportion of eligible cows that were detected in oestrus during the first 21 days of the insemination period was 92/106 (86.8%), and during the first 42 and 63 days of the insemination period was 103/106 (97.2%) and 105/106 (99.1%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS and CLINICAL RELEVANCE The ODS under investigation was suitable for oestrus detection in dairy cows on pasture and showed a high sensitivity of oestrus detection. Multimetric analysis of behavioural data seems to be the superior approach to developing and improving ODS for dairy cows on pasture. Due to a high proportion of false positive alerts, its use as a stand-alone system for oestrus detection cannot be recommended. As it is the first time the system was investigated, testing on other farms would be necessary for further validation.
Level of essential and toxic metals in urban adolescents hair: Preliminary study.

The aim of this work is to monitor essential metals Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Ni and Zn, and xenobi-otic environmental metals As, Cd and Pb in hair of young boys. It is a strategic choice that could allow a preliminary study for a synergistic assessment of the possible relationships among diet and environmental local pollution in students of 12 - 13 years old, living in dif-ferent cities of Salerno province with different grade of urban and industrial development and the presence of water pollution (Sarno river and its tributaries) (Figure 1). It’s known that the age and sex samples, for their growth physiological features, are suited to this study. The experimental data, reported in table and compared to reference data, showed signifi-cant ponderal difference in metal levels between the samples collected by sex. Concentration of the above-mentioned elements were determined by means of atomic absorption spec-trometry after a washing procedure following a mineralization in a microwave digestion sys-tem. Particularly the arithmetic mean value of concentrations of lead in hairs of schoolboys of “Salerno” and “Solimena” secondary schools, were 1.50 g/g and 1.44 g/g; moreover “Solimena” schoolboys present a value of nickel (2.79 g/g) highest in comparison with other sampling sites; at last “Scafati” secondary school children’s hairs have a unsafe con-centration of arsenic (2.47 μg/g). Two-way ANOVA demonstrates a significant interaction between sampling site and sex on hair arsenic and nickel levels (P=0.013 and P=0.014 re-spectively) as well as a significant effect of sex and sampling site on cadmium, calcium, cop-per, lead and magnesium levels (P<0.05). The results support the hypothesis that hair metals levels can be considered an indicator of different relative exposure of populations to essen-tial and toxic metals pollution.
Measuring potential spatial access to primary health care physicians using a modified gravity model

Ensuring equity of access to primary health care (PHC) across Canada is a continuing challenge, especially in rural and remote regions. Despite considerable attention recently by the World Health Organization, Health Canada and other health policy bodies, there has been no nation-wide study of potential (versus realized) spatial access to PHC. This knowledge gap is partly attributable to the difficulty of conducting the analysis required to accurately measure and represent spatial access to PHC. The traditional epidemiological method uses a simple ratio of PHC physicians to the denominator population to measure geographical access. We argue, however, that this measure fails to capture relative access. For instance, a person who lives 90 minutes from the nearest PHC physician is unlikely to be as well cared for as the individual who lives more proximate and potentially has a range of choice with respect to PHC providers. In this article, we discuss spatial analytical techniques to measure potential spatial access. We consider the relative merits of kernel density estimation and a gravity model. Ultimately, a modified version of the gravity model is developed for this article and used to calculate potential spatial access to PHC physicians in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. This model incorporates a distance decay function that better represents relative spatial access to PHC. The results of the modified gravity model demonstrate greater nuance with respect to potential access scores. While variability in access to PHC physicians across the test province of Nova Scotia is evident, the gravity model better accounts for real access by assuming that people can travel across artificial census boundaries. We argue that this is an important innovation in measuring potential spatial access to PHC physicians in Canada. It contributes more broadly to assessing the success of policy mandates to enhance the equitability of PHC provisioning in Canadian provinces.
Assessment of Nurse’s Perception Towards Their Profession and Factors Affecting It in Debre Berhan Town Governmental Health Institution, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia

Background: Nursing is a health care profession, which is focused on the care of individuals, families, and communities; so that they can attain, maintain, or recover optimum health. Nursing care is given for individuals of all age groups and different cultural backgrounds who are healthy and ill in a holistic manner based on the individual's physical, emotional, psychological, intellectual, social, and spiritual needs. Objective: To assess Nurses’ Perception and towards Nursing profession and factors affecting it in Debre Birhan town governmental health institutions, Debre Berhan Ethiopia. Methods: Institution based quantitative cross sectional study design was used to assess nurse’s perception and related factors among professional nurses. Convenience sampling method was used to select 105 intended study participants from Debre Berhan Referral Hospital and Debre Berhan town governmental health centers. Data collection was carried out using structured questionnaire. The collected data was entered using SPSS version 20.00 for further analysis. Odds ratio was calculated for related factors with 95% confidence interval (CI). A p-value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Out of 105 sample respondents 103 agreed to participate with the response rate of 98.1%. More than half of nurses 54(52.4%) were females and 49(47.6%) were males. More than half of nurses 54(52.4%) had good perception towards nursing. A significant Association was seen between monthly income level and perception of nursing (P < 0.05). In addition monthly income and perception of important aspects of nursing had shown an association. Conclusion: Majority of nurses who participated in this study had good perception towards nursing. More than half of participants want to migrate to other countries for good career opportunity. Majority of nurses had an intention to leave their profession with the main cause of low salary. Occupational factors (salary) were identified as a leading factor which affects perception.
Identification of robust microsatellite markers for wild pig fecal DNA

Collection of fecal samples for use in a genetic capture-mark-recapture framework has become popular as a noninvasive method of monitoring wildlife populations. A major caveat to this process, however, is that fecal samples often yield low quality DNA that is prone to genotyping errors, potentially leading to biases in population parameter estimation. Therefore, considerable care is required to identify robust genetic markers, especially in hot or humid conditions that may accelerate DNA degradation. We identified microsatellite loci in wild pig (Sus scrofa) fecal samples that were robust and informative within warm, humid ecosystems. To examine how degradation affected genotyping success, we sampled pig feces across 5 days and calculated how the number of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) cycles required to reach the fluorescent threshold (Ct) changed over time. We identified 17 microsatellite loci that had high polymorphism and amplification success and low genotyping error rates (0–0.050 per locus). In the degradation experiment, Ct increased over the 5 days, but in the absence of rain, the majority of samples produced accurate genotypes after 5 days (2,211/2,550 genotypes). Based on the high amplification success and low error rates, even after 5 days of exposure to warm, humid conditions, these loci are useful for estimating population parameters in pig fecal samples. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
IL-33 influenced the development of colorectal cancer via regulating Fra-1

Colorectal cancer is a common digestive tract malignant tumor with the leading morbidity and mortality among all digestive system tumors. It is only second to gastric cancer and esophageal cancer. It was found that Fra1 was overexpressed in colorectal cancer tissue, especially in the adjacent tissue with inflammatory cells infiltration. At present, the mechanism of Fra-1 in colorectal cancer has not been fully clarified. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a type of Th2 cytokine with anti-tumor activity. Exogenous IL-33 can promote tumor specific killer T cell response, thus to enhance antitumor effect. There is still lack of report about the impact of IL-33 in inducing Fra-1 expression on colorectal cancer metastasis. This study intends to investigate the role of Fra-1 in IL-33 mediated colorectal cancer. IL-33 eukaryotic expression vector was constructed and transfected to colorectal cancer cell HCT-116. After transfected for 24 h, the cells were tested by Western blot to determine Fra-1 and IL-33 expression. Wound healing assay and Transwell assay were applied to detect HCT-116 cells migration and invasion. Fra-1 protein obviously declined after IL-33 transfection compared with control (P < 0.05). Cell invasion and migration significantly reduced compared with control after transfection (P < 0.05). IL-33 plays an inhibitory role on colorectal cancer HCT-116 cell migration and invasion through suppressing Fra-1 expression. It provides theoretical basis for colorectal cancer metastasis related biomarker selection and targeted therapy.
Anaphora Resolution for Twitter Conversations: An Exploratory Study

We present a corpus study of pronominal anaphora on Twitter conversations. After outlining the specific features of this genre, with respect to reference resolution, we explain the construction of our corpus and the annotation steps. From this we derive a list of phenomena that need to be considered when performing anaphora resolution on this type of data. Finally, we test the performance of an off-the-shelf resolution system, and provide some qualitative error analysis.
A0C: Alpha Zero in Continuous Action Space

A core novelty of Alpha Zero is the interleaving of tree search and deep learning, which has proven very successful in board games like Chess, Shogi and Go. These games have a discrete action space. However, many real-world reinforcement learning domains have continuous action spaces, for example in robotic control, navigation and self-driving cars. This paper presents the necessary theoretical extensions of Alpha Zero to deal with continuous action space. We also provide some preliminary experiments on the Pendulum swing-up task, empirically showing the feasibility of our approach. Thereby, this work provides a first step towards the application of iterated search and learning in domains with a continuous action space.