Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EVOLUTION OF THE SOCIAL‐LEARNER‐EXPLORER STRATEGY IN AN ENVIRONMENTALLY HETEROGENEOUS TWO‐ISLAND MODEL

Social‐learner‐explorer (SE) is a learning strategy that combines accurate social learning with exploratory individual learning in that order. Arguably, it is one of the few plausible learning strategies that can support cumulative culture. We investigate numerically the factors that affect the evolution of SE in an environmentally heterogeneous two‐island model. Conditions favorable to the evolution of SE include a small exogenous cost of social learning, the occurrence of migration after social learning but before individual learning, the ability to adaptively modify the behavioral phenotype in the postmigration environment (asymmetrical individual learning), and a relatively high migration rate. The implications of our model for the evolution of SE in humans are discussed. Of particular interest is the prediction that behaviors affecting fitness would have to be socially learned in the natal environment and then subsequently modified by individual learning in the postmigration environment, suggesting a life‐cycle stage dependent reliance on the two types of learning.
The role of IL‐23 and the IL‐23/TH17 immune axis in the pathogenesis and treatment of psoriasis

Psoriasis is a chronic, immune‐mediated disease affecting more than 100 million people worldwide and up to 2.2% of the UK population. The aetiology of psoriasis is thought to originate from an interplay of genetic, environmental, infectious and lifestyle factors. The manner in which genetic and environmental factors interact to contribute to the molecular disease mechanisms has remained elusive. However, the interleukin 23 (IL‐23)/T‐helper 17 (TH17) immune axis has been identified as a major immune pathway in psoriasis disease pathogenesis. Central to this pathway is the cytokine IL‐23, a heterodimer composed of a p40 subunit also found in IL‐12 and a p19 subunit exclusive to IL‐23. IL‐23 is important for maintaining TH17 responses, and levels of IL‐23 are elevated in psoriatic skin compared with non‐lesional skin. A number of agents that specifically inhibit IL‐23p19 are currently in development for the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis, with recent clinical trials demonstrating efficacy with a good safety and tolerability profile. These data support the role of this cytokine in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. A better understanding of the IL‐23/TH17 immune axis is vital and will promote the development of additional targets for psoriasis and other inflammatory diseases that share similar genetic aetiology and pathogenetic pathways.
Modulation of CYP79 Genes and Glucosinolate Profiles in Arabidopsis by Defense Signaling Pathways1

Glucosinolates are natural plant products that function in the defense toward herbivores and pathogens. Plant defense is regulated by multiple signal transduction pathways in which salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid, and ethylene function as signaling molecules. Glucosinolate content was analyzed in Arabidopsis wild-type plants in response to single or combinatorial treatments with methyljasmonate (MeJA), 2,6-dichloro-isonicotinic acid, ethylene, and 2,4-dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid, or by wounding. In addition, several signal transduction mutants and the SA-depleted transgenic NahG line were analyzed. In parallel, expression of glucosinolate biosynthetic genes of the CYP79 gene family and the UDPG:thiohydroximate glucosyltransferase was monitored. After MeJA treatment, the amount of indole glucosinolates increased 3- to 4-fold, and the corresponding Trp-metabolizing genes CYP79B2 andCYP79B3 were both highly induced. Specifically, the indole glucosinolateN-methoxy-indol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate accumulated 10-fold in response to MeJA treatment, whereas 4-methoxy-indol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate accumulated 1.5-fold in response to 2,6-dichloro-isonicotinic acid. In general, few changes were seen for the levels of aliphatic glucosinolates, although increases in the levels of 8-methylthiooctyl glucosinolate and 8-methylsulfinyloctyl glucosinolate were observed, particularly after MeJA treatments. The findings were supported by the composition of glucosinolates in the coronatine-insensitive mutantcoi1, the ctr1 mutant displaying constitutive triple response, and the SA-overproducingmpk4 and cpr1 mutants. The present data indicate that different indole glucosinolate methoxylating enzymes are induced by the jasmonate and the SA signal transduction pathways, whereas the aliphatic glucosinolates appear to be primarily genetically and not environmentally controlled. Thus, different defense pathways activate subsets of biosynthetic enzymes, leading to the accumulation of specific glucosinolates.
An Area Efficient 4Gb/s Half-Rate 3-Tap DFE with Current-Integrating Summer for Data Correction

This paper presents an area efficient 3-tap speculative Decision Feedback Equalizer (DFE) with a novel current-integrating summer for data self correction in standard CMOS 180nm technology node. The conventional first-tap speculative half-rate DFE is composed of four different paths, which have exactly same hardware. In this paper, a novel area efficient DFE is proposed where the four summers are reduced to two. By using switched-capacitors to separate the first speculative tap, two parallel paths for speculation can be driven by a single summer. The proposed DFE consumes 17.4 mW with 1.8V supply when equalizing 4Gb/s data passed over a channel with 28 dB loss at 2GHz.
Non-Aqueous Biocatalysis in Homogeneous Solvent Systems

Summary Enzymes are highly specific catalysts that typically function in aqueous solvents. However, many enzymes retain their catalytic activities at high concentrations in non-aqueous environments, including neat hydrophilic organic solvents. In fact, enzymes can be used to carry out reactions in organic solvents that are not possible in aqueous systems. Therefore, biocatalysis in homogenous non-aqueous solvents offers possibilities for producing useful chemicals and several synthetic reactions have already been developed using this type of system. The current review discusses factors that influence enzyme catalysis in non-aqueous solvents such us water content, solvent concentration, interaction of solvent with protein structure, stability and activity. Also, new strategies for non-conventional biocatalysis using extremophiles and ionic solvents are mentioned.
Impact of an high protein diet in healthy young men

Hintergrund: Fleisch und tierische Produkte sind eines der beliebtesten Nahrungsmittel in der westlichen Welt. Es gibt einige Studien uber erhohten Protein Konsum die einen positiven Effekt in Bezug auf Sarkopenie, Glukose Homeostase, Knochengesundheit, Gewichtsmanagement und Sattigungsgefuhl zeigen. Es gibt jedoch nur wenige Studien, die die physiologischen Effekte einer Ernahrung mit erhohtem Proteinanteil zeigen. Weiters wurde bis jetzt noch keine Studie durchgefuhrt, die sich auf den Einfluss einer Diat mit erhohtem Proteinanteil auf Proteome konzentriert. Zielsetzung: In dieser Studie wurde der Einfluss einer Diat mit erhohtem Proteinanteil auf das Thrombozytenproteoem untersucht, wobei Thrombozyten als Modell fur Muskelzellen verwendet wurden, da diese verschiedene Ahnlichkeiten besitzen, wie zum Beispiel das kontraktile System. Weiters gibt es einige Studien die den Zusammenhang von Diaten mit verschiedenen Proteinmengen mit dem Homocysteinzyklus beschreiben. Diese sind jedoch sehr widerspruchlich. In dieser Studie wollen wir den eindeutigen Beweis fur einen Zusammenhang von Homozystein, Folat und Vitamin B12 mit einer Diat mit erhohtem Proteinanteil beweisen. Methoden: An dieser randomisierten Studie nahmen 23 junge Manner teil. In einer einwochigen Einlaufphase konsumierten alle Teilnehmer eine Diat mit einer normalen Menge an Protein (1,5 g Protein/kg Korpergewicht). In der Interventionszeit wurden sie in zwei Gruppen aufgeteilt: eine Gruppe mit erhohtem Proteinkonsum (3,0 g Protein/kg Korpergewicht) und eine Gruppe mit normalem Proteinkonsum. Bei beiden Diaten war die Proteinquelle eine tierische. Die Interventionszeit dauerte 3 Wochen. Zu Beginn und am Ende der Interventionszeit wurde den Probanden Blut abgenommen und kognitive Tests wurden durchgefuhrt. Die Thrombozyten wurden isoliert und mittels 2 D DIGE Analyse analysiert. Ergebnisse: Das Protein das den starkesten Effekt nach einer Diat mit erhohtem Proteinanteil zeigte ist Monoaminoxidase B (Mao-B), welches ein Dopamin abbauendes Enzym ist. Es war signifikant vermindert nach einer erhohten Protein Diat. Die Vitamin B12 Konzentration im Plasma war signifikant erhoht nach einer erhohten Proteindiat und korrelierte invers mit der Mao-B Konzentration in den Thrombozyten. Weiters korrelierten die Ergebnisse des Reaktionstests mit dem Abfall von Mao-B in Thrombozyten. Diskussion: Die inverse Korrelation von Vitamin B12 mit Mao-B konnte daruf hindeuten, dass Vitamin B12 Mao-B direkt reguliert. Weiters zeigt die verbesserte Reaktionszeit verbesserte kognitive Funktionen bei einer erhohten Protein Diat auf tierischer Basis. Diese verbesserten kognitiven Funktionen konnten durch die Korrelationen von Reaktionstest, Mao-B und den Komponenten des Methylierungszyklus, wie z.B. : Vitamin B12, erklart werden.
mntptm Knots with identical Khovanov homology

Khovanov homology is an invariant which associates a bi-graded abelian group to a knot (or link) in S3 [7]. The Jones polynomial of the knot arises as a graded Euler characteristic of this theory, and as such questions about the Jones polynomial may be rephrased in terms of Khovanov homology. It is unknown for example, if either of these invariants detects the unknot. On the other hand, Khovanov homology is known to be strictly stronger than the Jones polyniomial: Bar-Natan provided examples of knots with the same Jones polynomial that are distinguished by Khovanov homology [2]. There have been many techniques developed for producing pairs of knots that have the same Jones polynomial, and it is natural to ask if these techniques also preserve Khovanov homology. One of the simplest techniques for generating distinct knots with the same Jones polynomial is mutation, however it is currently unknown if mutation of knots leaves Khovanov homology invariant [1, 19].
Compartmentation of the rabbit cerebellar cortex

The cytoarchitecture of the adult rabbit cerebellum is revealed by using zebrin II/aldolase c immunocytochemistry in both wholemount and sectioned material. Zebrin II is expressed by approximately half of the Purkinje cells of the cerebellar cortex. In most regions these form a symmetrical array of zebrin II‐positive and ‐negative parasagittal bands. Four transverse expression domains are identified in the vermis: (1) an anterior zone, comprising four narrow bands, one at the midline and three laterally to either side, extending throughout the anterior lobe to the primary fissure; (2) a central zone with broad immunoreactive bands separated by narrow zebrin II‐negative bands that disappear caudally to leave no apparent compartmentation; (3) a posterior zone with prominent alternating zebrin II‐positive and ‐negative bands; and (4) a nodular zone in which all Purkinje cells express zebrin II. In the hemispheres a striped topography is found in lobules HVI, HVII, and crus I, and all Purkinje cells are zebrin II+ in the flocculus and paraflocculus. Because of its importance for the classical conditioning of the eyeblink response, we made a detailed analysis of lobule HVI of the hemisphere. The immunocytochemical data show a complex substructure within HVI with three prominent zebrin II‐positive bands (probably homologous with P4a+, P4b+, and P5+ of rodents) separated by two zebrin II‐negative regions (P4− and P4b−). Thus, the organization of the rabbit cerebellum is consistent with the patterns described previously for rat, mouse, and opossum and suggests that there may be a common ground plan for the mammalian cerebellum. J. Comp. Neurol. 444:159–173, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Parametric motion modeling based on trilinear constraints for object-based video compression

We propose a new parametric motion model based on the so-called "trifocal tensor" representation, which captures rigid 3D motion of static scenes with a depth of field. The estimation of the trifocal tensor requires solution of a set of linear equations given at least seven point correspondences across three frames. The proposed parametric representation, called the trilinear model, is superior to other forms such as translational, affine, perspective, and bilinear models, because it can implicitly encode the depth of the scene and 3D motion of the scene/camera under perspective projection unlike others. A video object can thus be represented by its first VOP, a set of trifocal tensors and the corresponding prediction residues. Motion estimation and compensation based on the new parametric model are incorporated into the MPEG-4 Video Verification Model to compare its efficacy for object-based video compression with the state-of-the art motion compensation methods. Experimental results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the trilinear model for object-based video compression.
The clinical impact of absolute lymphocyte count in peripheral blood among patients with methotrexate - associated lymphoproliferative disorders

Regressive lymphoproliferative disorders (R-LPD) after methotrexate (MTX) withdrawal are one of the specific features of methotrexate - associated lymphoproliferative disorders (MTX-LPD). Although the impact of the absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) on the pathogenesis of R-LPD has been recently emphasized, understanding relapse/regrowth events (RRE) and differences among LPD subtypes is necessary. In this study, we confirmed ALC recovery in the regressive group (R-G; R-LPD without RRE) and relapse/regrowth group (R/R-G; R-LPD with RRE). The increase in ALC lasted at least 2 years in R-G, whereas it decreased within 3 years in R/R-G, supporting the better overall survival (OS) in R-G, as previously reported. In addition, our study suggested that an ALC of 1000/µL at the time of development of LPD is a significant predictor for treatment-free survival (TFS). Furthermore, an ALC of 1000/µL at 6 months after MTX withdrawal was found to be a significant indicator of TFS and OS for R-G and R/R-G. The ALC decreased gradually before LPD development in R/R-G, whereas it decreased 6 months before LPD development in R-G, confirming the important role of ALC in the pathogenesis of MTX-LPD such as regressive events and RRE. In addition to ALC, other predictive factors, such as serum C-reactive protein and soluble interleukin-2 receptors, may be helpful in the management of MTX-LPD, including the decision making for an additional chemotherapy for regressive LPD after MTX withdrawal.
Efficient Maximum Likelihood Approach to Channel Estimation for Space-Time Coded Systems

In wireless communication systems, there is a performance degradation due to fading. Orthogonal space-time block coded (OSTBC) systems are known to be useful to improve the performance in fading channels. In OSTBC systems, the knowledge of the channel is required to detect symbols. This paper proposes a channel estimation method using M-algorithm. The proposed method can drastically reduce a computational complexity of the maximum likelihood approach and provide sufficient estimate accuracy. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The Effects of Lithium on Renal Function in Older Adults—A Systematic Review

Chronic renal failure (CRF) and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) are potential consequences of chronic lithium use, while acute renal failure (ARF) has been described in lithium intoxication. We performed a systematic review of all studies pertaining to the effects of lithium on the kidney in older adults. The ARF incidence was 1.5% per person-year and concurrent loop diuretic and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use with lithium increased the risk. The CRF prevalence estimates varied from 1.2% to 34%, with risk factors including age, previous lithium intoxication, polyuria, previously impaired renal function, and decreased maximal urine osmolality. The prevalence of NDI varied widely from 1.8% to 85%. Risk factors included lithium duration, dose, level, slow-release formulation, and clinical nonresponse. Except for amiloride use in NDI, there is little evidence for treatment of other lithium-induced adverse renal effects. Currently, there is no compelling evidence to suggest that lithium should be avoided in elderly patients for fear of renal side effects.
[Life expectancy increasing, but gap between people of higher and lower educational level remains].

OBJECTIVE To determine if since 1997 there has been a change in the gap in life expectancy between those of higher and lower educational level. DESIGN Statistical analysis of register and survey data. METHOD Linkage of data from municipal population registers and the Labour Force Survey of Statistics Netherlands. RESULTS Life expectancy of both men and women was positively correlated with level of education. The life expectancy of Dutch men increased by about two years in the period 1997-2005, irrespective of level of education. Women gained about one year, but life expectancy among those of both lower and higher levels of education stagnated. During the study period the gap in life expectancy between these educational extremes remained almost constant at about 5 to 6 years. CONCLUSIONS Our findings point to both favourable and unfavourable trends. All population groups seemed to have profited from a recent relatively strong increase in life expectancy which is clearly a positive development. Less favourable was the fact that the gap between those of lower and higher educational level had not decreased.
The Association Between Acetaminophen Concentrations in the Cerebrospinal Fluid and Temperature Decline in Febrile Infants

Abstract: The objective of this study consisting of a prospective cohort of febrile infants was to describe the correlation between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) acetaminophen (paracetamol) concentrations and changes in body temperature in febrile infants. Infants, one week to one year of age, with rectal temperature ≥38.0°C, treated with acetaminophen were studied if they underwent a lumbar puncture (LP). Patients received 15 mg/kg of acetaminophen 30 minutes to 4 hours before lumbar puncture was performed. Rectal temperature was documented before acetaminophen administration and at the time of lumbar puncture. Plasma and CSF acetaminophen levels were determined using high-pressure liquid chromatography. Thirty-one infants were studied. In a nonlinear regression, the relationship among acetaminophen concentrations in the CSF, time, and temperature differences is best described by a Lorentzian distribution. The model suggests that a peak effect on temperature is achieved at CSF concentration of 11.9 μg/mL and 182 minutes after acetaminophen administration (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively r = 0.9 adjusted r square = 0.78). Temperature decrement in young febrile infants, treated with acetaminophen, correlates with time and acetaminophen concentrations in the CSF. High concentrations of acetaminophen in the CSF, exceeding a certain level, are not associated with greater temperature decrement.
An accurate direct extraction technique for the MBVD resonator model

A fast method for direct parameter extraction piezoelectric film elprodes has been developed and applied for characterizing film hulk acoustic resonators (FBAR). The modified Bntterworth-Van Dyke (MBVD) model has been used to this end. The measured FBAR data is fitted to an analytical expression containing a set of unknown coefficients, which are then calculated by means of minimizing an error function. Once the coeBcients are calcnlated, the lumped circuit elements in the MBVD model can he readily extracted. Further, since the model is only valid at near resonance frequencies a weight function is proposed. The presented extraction method in this work is fast, easy to implement and readily lends itself to computer automation.
Croatian Large Vocabulary Automatic Speech Recognition

This paper presents procedures used for development of a Croatian large vocabulary automatic speech recognition system (LVASR). The proposed acoustic model is based on context-dependent triphone hidden Markov models and Croatian phonetic rules. Different acoustic and language models, developed using a large collection of Croatian speech, are discussed and compared. The paper proposes the best feature vectors and acoustic modeling procedures using which lowest word error rates for Croatian speech are achieved. In addition, Croatian language modeling procedures are evaluated and adopted for speaker independent spontaneous speech recognition. Presented experiments and results show that the proposed approach for automatic speech recognition using context-dependent acoustic modeling based on Croatian phonetic rules and a parameter tying procedure can be used for efficient Croatian large vocabulary speech recognition with word error rates below 5%.
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) for therapy‐resistant cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LE)

BACKGROUND: A group of patients exists with predominantly cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LE) who do not respond to standard oral therapies. There has been interest in the role of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in a number of connective tissue diseases, and its role in some circumstances has been proven. In the case of LE, there are suggestions that the use of IVIg for cutaneous and more systemic disease may be of value. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of low dose IVIg for therapy‐resistant cutaneous disease. METHODS: Twelve patients with histologically confirmed cutaneous LE were given IVIg, with starting doses of 1 g/kg×2, followed by 400 mg/kg monthly until disease resolution or for 6 months. Disease assessment was by scoring erythema, induration, scaling and the extent before and at the end of therapy. Immunological parameters indicating systemic disease activity were measured before and after therapy. RESULTS: One patient became pregnant, five patients had complete or near complete clearing of their skin disease (>75%), two had partial but helpful improvement (>50%) and three had limited responses (<50%). One patient developed acute cutaneous vasculitis and received no further therapy. CONCLUSION: Overall, therapy was well tolerated and side effects were limited. A formal study of IVIg for cutaneous disease would be valuable, but evidence indicates that IVIg may be a useful therapy for cutaneous disease in lupus erythematosus.