Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
QUALITY ASSURANCE IN GHANAIAN HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS 1

Public policy implementation in Ghana, including tourism policy, has been lamented or deplored generally by a majority of Ghanaians. In order to establish the veracity or otherwise of the foregoing assertion, the implementation of tourism quality assurance policies related to hotels and restaurants in Ghana was examined. Generally, the study sought to assess the perception of hotels and restaurants in Ghana of the implementation of tourism quality assurance policies. Specifically, it examined the characteristics of the hotels and restaurants surveyed across the country, sought their perception of the QA Inspectors and functions in their implementation of QA policies; and their assessment of the performance of QA Inspectors. A total of one hundred and forty (140) respondents were surveyed across four regions of Ghana using the non-probability sampling technique of quota sampling in selecting the sample. The data were analysed quantitatively. The study found out that the hotels generally had a positive view of the QA Inspectors and functions of the Ghana Tourism Authority in their implementation of the harmonized standards, in spite of some challenges. Among the nine characteristics of QA Inspectors rated, three were identified as critical and these are that they were knowledgeable about their inspection duties; competent to carry out the inspections; and responsive to questions asked by management and staff of facilities. The main conclusion drawn was that the QA Inspectors could be more effective in their implementation of the harmonized standards if the challenges facing them are addressed.
Are fractured cliffs the source of cometary dust jets ? insights from OSIRIS/Rosetta at 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Dust jets (i.e., fuzzy collimated streams of cometary material arising from the nucleus) have been observed in situ on all comets since the Giotto mission flew by comet 1P/Halley in 1986, and yet their formation mechanism remains unknown. Several solutions have been proposed involving either specific properties of the active areas or the local topography to create and focus the gas and dust flows. While the nucleus morphology seems to be responsible for the larger features, high resolution imagery has shown that broad streams are composed of many smaller jets (a few meters wide) that connect directly to the nucleus surface. Aims. We monitored these jets at high resolution and over several months to understand what the physical processes are that drive their formation and how this affects the surface. Methods. Using many images of the same areas with different viewing angles, we performed a 3-dimensional reconstruction of collimated jets and linked them precisely to their sources on the nucleus. Results. We show here observational evidence that the northern hemisphere jets of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko arise from areas with sharp topographic changes and describe the physical processes involved. We propose a model in which active cliffs are the main source of jet-like features and therefore of the regions eroding the fastest on comets. We suggest that this is a common mechanism taking place on all comets.
Noise Removal in Distributed Time Series Database Using Predominant Pattern Distribution Model

A time series database is a collection of well-defined data sets obtained through repeated measurements of time. The data to be examined are regularly noisy and diverse periodicity types. The existing suffix tree based periodic pattern mining algorithm can detect symbol, sequence and segment periodicity in time series data with noise filters for diverse noise kinds. But the running time desired to identify the patterns without redundancy is high. To overcome this issue, in this paper, predominant pattern distribution model is introduced with which redundant and unwanted noisy patterns are identified and discarded from it. Predominant patterns are extracted with automatic or user defined threshold of pattern of interest, generated from the dynamic online time series data. Performance of proposed framework is measured and evaluated in terms of periodic pattern mining accuracy, noise distribution rate, and predominant pattern occurrence.
Electrochemical DNA hybridization sensors for sequences recognition on graphite electrodes

DNA biosensors based on DNA hybridization play a more important role in DNA analysis. This report describes the electrochemical DNA hybridization sensors for sequences recognition on graphite/carbon paste and disposable pencil graphite electrodes. The immobilization technique is adsorption on the electrode surface. The formation of double-stranded DNA upon hybridization are detected using a redoks-active intercalator, and label free, in connection with differential pulse voltammetry measurements. Factors influencing the performance of these biosensors are investigated. The low detection limits (e.g. , 36 ng ml -1 S. typhi DNA and 2.35 % heteroplasmy DNA mutation) are coupled to a good surface-to-surface reproducibility (RSD of 7.4 % referred to carbon paste electrodes and 8.4 % to disposable pencil graphite electrodes for triplicate measurements). These and similar developments are expected to have a profound effect on diagnostic, food, and environmental analysis.
Response of the ocean mixed layer depth to global warming and its impact on primary production: a case for the North Pacific Ocean

This study investigates changes in the mixed layer depth (MLD) in the North Pacific Ocean in response to global warming and their impact on primary production by comparing outputs from 11 models of the coupled model intercomparison projects phase 3. The MLD in the 21st century decreases in most regions of the North Pacific, whereas the spatial pattern of the MLD is nearly unchanged. The overall shoaling results in part from intensified upper-ocean stratification caused by both surface warming and freshening. A significant MLD decrease (.30 m) is found in the Kuroshio extension (KE), which is predominantly driven by reduced surface cooling, caused by weakening of wind. Associated with the mixed layer shoaling in the KE, the primary production component resulting from seasonal vertical mixing will be reduced by 10.7 –40.3% (ranges of medians from 11 models) via decreased nitrate fluxes from below it. Spring blooms in most models are projected to initiate earlier in the KE by 0– 13 d (ranges of medians from 11 models). Despite the overall trends, the magnitude of changes in primary production and timing of spring blooms are quite different depending on models and latitudes.
Detection of seismic events triggered by P-waves from the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake

Large-amplitude surface waves from the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake triggered many seismic events across Japan, while the smaller amplitude P-wave triggering remains unclear. A spectral method was used to detect seismic events triggered by the first arriving P-waves over Japan. This method uses a reference event to correct for source and propagation effects, so that the local response near the station can be examined in detail. P-wave triggering was found in the regions where triggered non-volcanic tremor (NVT) has been observed, and some seismic and volcanic regions. The triggering strain due to P-waves is of the order of 10−8 to 10−7, which is 1 to 2 orders of magnitude smaller than the triggering strain necessary for the surface wave triggering. In the regions of NVT, the triggered event was not identified with slow events, but with other seismic events such as tectonic earthquakes. The sequence of triggering in the regions started with P-wave arrivals. The subsequent surface waves contributed to triggering of NVT, possibly together with slow slip, which resulted in the large amplitude of the NVT.
MODELING THE GLOBAL FISHMEAL AND FISH OIL MARKETS

Abstract To explore the drivers of change in the complex system relating small pelagic fisheries and fishmeal/fish oil markets, to identify the interactions between these drivers and their overall impacts, we propose a bio‐economic model, coupling the ecological and the economic dynamics of these global commodities. The model enables an analysis of the consequences of both global and local changes in the environment of production systems. Through sensitivity analysis of specific input parameters, we evaluate the robustness of the overall system to such changes and show that local responses of production systems and markets cannot be considered in isolation from the set of interactions at global level.
Subtropical Anticyclones and Summer Monsoons

The summer subtropical circulation in the lower troposphere is characterized by continental monsoon rains and anticyclones over the oceans. In winter, the subtropical circulation is more strongly dominated by the zonally averaged flow and its interactions with orography. Here, the mechanics of the summer and winter lowertropospheric subtropical circulation are explored through the use of a primitive equation model and comparison with observations. By prescribing in the model the heatings associated with several of the world’s monsoons, it is confirmed that the equatorward portion of each subtropical anticyclone may be viewed as the Kelvin wave response to the monsoon heating over the continent to the west. A poleward-flowing low-level jet into a monsoon (such as the Great Plains jet) is required for Sverdrup vorticity balance. This jet effectively closes off the subtropical anticyclone to the east and also transports moisture into the monsoon region. The low-level jet into North America induced by its monsoon heating is augmented by a remote response to the Asian monsoon heating. The Rossby wave response to the west of subtropical monsoon heating, interacting with the midlatitude westerlies, produces a region of adiabatic descent. It is demonstrated here that a local ‘‘diabatic enhancement’’ can lead to a strengthening of the descent. Longitudinal mountain chains act to block the westerly flow and also tend to produce descent in this region. Below the descent, Sverdrup vorticity balance implies equatorward flow that closes off the subtropical anticyclone to the west and induces cool upwelling in the ocean through Ekman transport. Feedbacks, involving, for example, sea surface temperatures, may further enhance the descent in these regions. The conclusion is that the Mediterranean-type climates of regions such as California and Chile may be induced remotely by the monsoon to the east. Hence it can be argued that the subtropical circulation in summer comprises a set of weakly interacting monsoon systems, each involving monsoon rains, a low-level poleward jet, a subtropical anticyclone to the east, and descent and equatorward flow to the west. In winter, it is demonstrated how the nonlinear interaction between the strong zonal-mean circulation, associated with the winter ‘‘Hadley cell,’’ and the mountains can define many of the large-scale features of the subtropical circulation. The blocking effect of the longitudinal mountain chains is shown to be very important. Subsequent diabatic effects, such as a local diabatic enhancement, would appear to be essential for producing the observed amplitude of these features.
Electromagnetic Imaging for Inhomogeneous Dielectric Cylinder Buried in a Slab Medium

The electromagnetic imaging of inhomogeneous dielectric cylinders buried in a slab medium is investigated. Dielectric cylinders of unknown permittivities are buried in second space and scattered a group of unrelated waves incident from first space where the scattered field is recorded. By proper arrangement of the various unrelated incident field, the difficulties of ill-posedness and nonlinearity are circumvented, and the permittivity distribution can be reconstructed through simple matrix operations. The algorithm is based on the moment method and the unrelated illumination method. Numerical results are given to demonstrate the capability of the inverse algorithm. They also show that the permittivity distribution of the cylinders can be successfully reconstructed even when the permittivity is fairly large. Good reconstructed results are obtained even in the presence of additive Gaussian noise in measured data. In addition, the effect of noise on the reconstruction result is also investigated.
Carry trade and return crash risk

We build two leveraged and non-leveraged strategies for carry trading. In the non-leveraged carry trade we show that the Sharpe ratio as a proxy for profitability has a concave form with respect to the interest rate differentials. Our model predicts the concavity of the Sharpe ratio and data confirm it as well. However, high interest rate currencies have greater currency crash risk exposure and this is investigated through skewness and kurtosis of 9 most used currencies against Japanese yen. Skewness has a decreasing relationship and kurtosis an increasing relative to the interest rate differentials. We also simulate the positive shocks to the interest rates and negative shock to exchange rates skewness and we study the response of profit. Finally for the leveraged strategy, we show whenever the volatility of the funding currency is low and its covariance with the target currency is large enough, the trader should increase its short-selling position.
Princes Charming are not all made equal. The social cognition of mating strategies in four classical fairy tales

Abstract In this paper, we apply the so-called Tie-Up Theory to the analysis of the social cognition of mating processes in fairy tales. Our analysis considers the four classical fairy tales that are more relevant to this topic, and proves how their structure systematically reflects the logic of the male–female interaction anticipated by the theory, and in addition allows to formulate an interesting typology of strategic approaches by the male partner. Unlike preexisting interpretations, where fairy tale characters tend to be presented as stereotypes, our analysis shows how, in their most sophisticated and interesting variants, the said fairy tales place an emphasis on the unique individual traits that make the potential partners reciprocally fit to form the couple. This change of perspective is conducive to interesting applications both from the viewpoint of the analysis of fairy tales and in terms of the implications of the related form of social cognition for the study and the understanding of human behavior.
THE IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DETECTION OF SUBSTANCE P (SP) IN THE PANCREAS AND INTESTINE OF THREE SPECIES OF LOWER VERTEBRATES; LIGHT-MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS

The pancreas and gut of two amphibians and a reptile species were investigated immunohistochemically for the occurrence and topographic distribution of substance P (SP) by using peroxidase anti-peroxidase (PAP) procedure. A relative rich SP innervation consisting of nerve fibbers with a peri-acinar distribution was seen both in frogs and turtle pancreas. In turtles, thick bundles of nerve fibbers, localized in the pancreatic connective tissue, have been also observed. In addition to the neural structures, the pancreas of frogs and turtles displayed often singular immunostained cells of endocrine nature. Finally, both varieties of "closed" and "open" enteroendocrine cells have been immunodetected in the villi epithelium of these animals. The above findings are discussed in connection with those previously reported in other taxa of vertebrates.
How do mentha plants induce resistance against Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) in organic farming?

Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) infesting many plants but Mentha viridis L. , and Mentha piperita L. , were low in number of infestation. Therefore the objective of this study was to identify the resistance of M. viridis and M. piperita plants against T. urticae by studying the external shape and internal contents of those plants. For morphological studies, dried leaves were covered with gold utilizing an Edwards Scan coat six sputter-coater. For histological studies, arrangements of Soft Tissue technique were used. For phytochemical studies, the plants were cut, dried and then high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used. While feeding the mites were collected from the area between oily glands, trichomes and respiratory stomata in both mint species. The most important leaf structures in aromatic plants are the oily glands found on the external part of the leaves (both upper and lower epidermis). The number of oil glands in M. viridis leaves was greater than in M. piperita; the trichomes on the epidermis of M. viridis were greater in number than in M. piperita; the spongy mesophyll in M. viridis was much thicker than in M. piperita. The essential oils in the leaves of both mint species contained 71 compounds representing 99.61% of the total oil constituents identified from M. viridis before infestation, and 90.95% after infestation, and about 99.65% from M. piperita before infestation, and 99.98% after infestation.
Spatial variation in soft-sediment benthos

V a r ~ a t ~ o n (patchiness) In the d~st r~but ion of organisms and other env~ronmental vanables exists at different spatial scales This patchiness has Important implicat~ons for comparative and d e s c r ~ p t ~ v e studies of d~stnbution and abundance because ~t complicates comparisons of abundance at the largest spa t~a l scales Although the existence of patchiness has been recognised for a long time, it has not been adequately addressed in most studies of manne soft s ed~ment s which are often confounded (or pseudoreplicated') because of a lack of appropriate spatlal replicat~on Spatial vanation In the distnbution of soft-sediment macrofauna In Botany Bay, Australia 1s described using a nested hierarchical sampling design Significant vanatlon was detected at spatial scales from 10 m to 3 5 km Implications of patchiness for environmental sampllng and monitoring and the means of overcoming associated problems are discussed The present study concerns the abundance of macrofauna but the conclusions are general and are relevant to s tud~es of other vanables such as pollutants
Women as Imagery Consumer (Clothes and Cosmetics as The Phenomena of Cultural Perspective of Postmodernism)

The problems of woman as imagery consumer are closely related to consumer’s culture. The contemporary culture of consumer causes a condition which forces people to use consumer goods to symbolize different and various lifestyles. That who she is, what class she comes from, and how she consumes are things which make others realize that identity is not fixed, but it is something that can be played, constructed, and reconstructed. Almost every day, people are attacked with imagery of ideal woman which is constructed through and by media. That woman should perform enchantingly in public places, recently, becomes the core theme for advertisement of popular media, particularly woman’s media. Fashion and cosmetics reveal the clearest arena for consumer’s passion. This leads some women to an endless beauty hunting in the cycle of satisfaction seeking which then enable them to join the world of loneliness and alienation. The recent phenomenon indicated that cyber space through internet which can across space and time can function as body imagery media. Finally, on the one hand, woman becomes consumer for fulfilling their ideal standard; on the other hand, the industry of beauty and body treatment which has become big business, has brought ‘woman as imagery consumer’.
Syntheses and properties of PI/clay hybrids

A new organomontmorillonite (CM) for PI hybrids has been developed by ion-exchange reaction of cetyl pyridum chloride with Na+ montmorillonite (MMT). Polyimide/clay hybrids have been synthesized by employing two methods. Method I is by first blending a dimethylacetamide (DMAC) solution of 4,4′-oxydianiline diamine (ODA) with a DMAC dispersion of CM before adding pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA). Method II is by blending a DMAC solution of poly(amic acid) with a DMAC dispersion of CM. Tensile, thermal, dielectric, and water-absorption properties of hybrids prepared by these two methods have been studied in detail. Results show that these properties depend on the clay type (organophilic or not), clay concentration, and the method to synthesis hybrids. The CM concentration of 3 wt % in the hybrid by Method II results in optimum properties in tensile strength, modulus, elongation, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), and water absorption. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 1902–1910, 2001
Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of Cucumis dipsaceus

The present work on the antioxidant activity of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Cucumis dipsaceous fruit is the first investigation. The results obtained in the in vitro models such as Reducing power assay, DPPH radical scavenging activity, Superoxide anion radical scavenging activity, Nitric oxide scavenging assay, and Metal ion chelating activity clearly suggest that, both the aqueous and methanolic extracts showed strong antioxidant activity when compared with different standards such as BHA, EDTA and Curcumin. In the present investigation, the sample and BHA showed significant effects on the DPPH radical scavenging at all amounts. The IC50 values of methanolic, aqueous extract and BHA were 66, 77.5 and 7μg/ml respectively. Inhibition of superoxide scavenging by aqueous and methanolic extracts showed concentrations dependent manner with an IC50 values of 137 and 287μg/ml respectively. methanolic extract was a potent superoxide anion scavenger than the aqueous extract. The reducing capacity was exhibited by both aqueous and methanolic extracts at all amounts. The reducing power of aqueous extract was higher than the methanolic extract. The ferrous ion chelating effect was shown by both of aqueous and methanolic extracts with IC50 values of 251 and 282μg/ml respectively. The positive control EDTA showed the IC50 value of 178μg/ml. The test samples were investigated for their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production. The metahnolic extract showed significant free radical scavenging action against nitric oxide (NO) induced release of free radicals (IC50 = 32 μg/ml) than aqueous extract (IC50 = 44 μg/ml). In aqueous and methanolic extracts of Cucumis dipsaceous, 31.5 ± 2 and 43.1 ± 3.1 mg (gallic acid equivalent per gram) of phenols were detected respectively. There is little correlation between antioxidant activity and phenol content. Key words: Cucumis dipsaceous, antioxidant activity, reducing power, metal ion chelation, free radical scavenging activity.