Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Lumbosacral predominance of vestibulospinal fibre projection in the rat

The somatotopic organization of the vestibulospinal tract (VST) and the percentages of cells of the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN) contributing fibres to different regions of the spinal cord of the rat have not been studied before. These problems are investigated using the technique of retrograde cellular degeneration. Varying degrees of spinal cordotomies were performed at upper cervical, thoracic, and lumbar segments in 75 adult rats of Wistar strain. The animals were killed after varying survival periods and the brain stems were processed in the usual way. Chromatolytic neurons were observed in the ipsilateral lateral vestibular nucleus, and no such neurons were seen contralaterally. Following lumbar lesions, reacting neurons were condensed in the caudal two thirds, while with cervical and thoracic lesions, such neurons occupied more cranial levels in the nucleus. It is concluded that vestibulospinal fibres projecting to lumbosacral segments arise from the caudal two thirds of the nucleus, while those projecting to cervical and thoracic segments come from the cranial two thirds, those to the cervicals arise from the most cranial levels. The dense lumbosacral projection was attributed to the role played by the vestibulospinal fibres in maintaining extensor tonus of antigravity musculature, especially in the rat, which can effectively stand on its hindlimbs and use its free forelimbs for handling and examining objects.
Extracting knowledge from ontology using Jena for semantic web

Semantic Web extends the current web by standardizing the semantics. Purpose of Semantic Web is to make people share data and content among different applications. This is made possible by using ontologies which represents shared understanding of a domain. Semantic Web uses ontologies for representing knowledge in a uniform way that can be easily processed and shared among machine. This paper gives detail description of the role of ontologies in Semantic Web and tools required for constructing Semantic Web applications. An application is created which loads the ontology created in Protégé into Eclipse and displays the properties and classes of ontology.
Electrophysiology in pigment epithelial changes

Abstract The c‐wave of the ERG and the slow SP variations reflect mainly the activity of the pigment epithelium. However, both potentials are dependant upon the photoreceptors and/or the inner retina as well. In pigment epithelial abnormalities the c‐wave is reduced or abolished, and the slow SP variations, d.c. recorded directly or investigated with the EOG, reduced or abolished as well.
Topically applied triamcinolone and macromolecular synthesis by human epidermis.

The effects of 0.5% triamcinolone under occlusion on adult human epidermis for short periods of time has been examined in 10 subjects. An in vitro method was used employing thin sheets of skin removed with a Castroviejo keratotome. Treated skin was found to have a decreased uptake of tritiated thymidine but no consistent effect was found on cytidine, proline or histidine incorporation although occlusion by itself might cause increased cytidine incorporation.
A Case of Kaposi's Sarcoma Associated with Pemphigoid Nodularis

Pemphigoid nodularis is a rare variant of bullous pemphigoid. Bullous pemphigoid complicated by internal malignancy has been well documented. There have been only a few reported cases of bullous pemphigoid associated with Kaposi's sarcoma. We described a case of pemphigoid nodularis who later developed Kaposi's sarcoma that might be related to immunosupressive therapy, a situation that has not been reported previously.
Social‐Cognitive Factors in Health Behavior Change

Adoption and maintenance of health behaviors require two separate processes that take place in a motivation phase and in a volition phase. First, an intention to change is developed, among others, on the basis of self-beliefs. Second, self-regulation is at stake when it comes to planning, initiating, maintaining, and relapse management. Social cognition models of health behavior change address these two processes. One such model, the Health Action Process Approach, is explicitly based on the assumption that two distinct phases need to be studied longitudinally, one phase that leads to a behavioral intention and another that leads to actual health behavior. Within both stages, different patterns of social-cognitive predictors may emerge, with perceived self-efficacy as the only predictor that seems to be equally important in both phases. Identifying individuals at particular points within the change process has considerable implications for treatment.
Novel 16S rRNA gene analyses reveal new in vitro effects of insoluble barley fibres on the human faecal microbiota

Aims: The aim of this work was to analyse the growth of human faecal microbiota on barley dietary fibres (DF). It is generally accepted that insoluble DF are health promoting, but the information is scarce about how these fibres affect the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota. A major reason for the limited knowledge is that there are currently no proper tools to analyse the complete GI microbiota.
Dielectric characterization of printed wiring board materials: a comparison of ring and T-resonator based measurement methods

Dielectric characterization of printed wiring board materials is important for ensuring designed performance of printed wiring board products. Ring and T-resonator type planar transmission line resonators are widely used for dielectric characterization of printed wiring board materials. The measurement methods that are based on the ring and T-resonators are both broadband and the direction of the electric field is normal to a face of a measurement sample. A comparison between the ring and T-resonator based methods is presented in this article. The comparison is based on an experimental research that is carried out with one FR-4 type printed wiring board material at wide frequency range. The results of the comparison prove that with the ring and T-resonator based measurement methods can be achieved similar results in dielectric characterization of FR-4 type printed wiring board materials.
Childhood lead poisoning and its treatment.

The 30-year federal war on childhood lead poisoning began in the activist days of the 1960s and was codified in the Lead Paint Poison Prevention Program of 1970 (1) introduced by Senator Edward Kennedy. Since that time the mean blood lead of US children has decreased from above 1 j.l. mollL (20.7 j.l.g/dL) to below . 25 j.l. mollL (5.2 j.l.g/dL). With only two reported deaths in children from acute lead encephalopathy in the past 20 years (2), the politically attuned could call it a preordained triumph. The clinically oriented will credit early screening and diagnosis with the infrequency of life-threatening symp­ toms. The environmentalist can relate the elimination of leaded gasoline to the decline in mean blood lead. The skeptic might question the validity of current evidence for the neurobehavioral risk of low-level lead. The pharma­ cologist might express astonishment at the limited evidence for the therapeutic efficacy of chelation therapy acquired over all these years. To address the latter two concerns, this is a review of the current status of childhood lead poisoning and its treatment. To facilitate comparisons of data relating to blood lead, all subsequent values of blood lead are cited as the traditional j.l. gldL rather than as the molar concentration (1 j.l.g/dL = .0483 j.l.mollL)
CO2-dependent components of sinus arrhythmia from the start of breath holding in humans.

A substantial portion of sinus arrhythmia in conscious humans appears to be caused by the CO2-dependent central respiratory rhythm. Under some circumstances, therefore, sinus arrhythmia might indicate the presence of the central respiratory rhythm. Humans can voluntarily modify their central respiratory rhythm (e.g., by pacing breathing or by delaying or advancing breaths), but it is not clear what happens to it from the start of breath holding. In this study, we show that sinus arrhythmia persists from the start of breath holds prolonged by preoxygenation. We also show that some of the frequency components of sinus arrhythmia start within each subject's eupneic frequency range and change when end-tidal Pco2 is lowered or raised, as we would expect if the central respiratory rhythm continues from the start of breath holding. We discuss whether sinus arrhythmia can indicate if the central respiratory rhythm continues from the start of breath holding.
Basic Biological Sciences

We compared the cellular fatty acid and protein content of 43 strains of oral fusobacteria isolated from patients with chronic gingivitis, acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, and juvenile and adult periodontitis, as well as from the stump-tailed macaque, to that of eight reference strains of oral and non-oral Fusobacterium species. A gas-liquid chromatographic examination of trimethylsilyl derivatives of the fatty acid methyl esters revealed n14:0, 3-OH-14:0, n16:0, 16 :1, 3-OH-16:0, n18:0, and 18:1 in each of the 51 study strains, and a variable occurrence of 14 other fatty acids. The n16:0 to 3-OH-16:0 ratio distinguished between Fusobacterium nucleatum and the non-oral species Fusobacterium varium, Fuso bacterium necrophorum, Fusobacterium russii, Fusobacterium necrogenes, Fusobacterium mortiferum, and Fusobacterium naviforme. The soluble protein content, as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, varied considerably among the oral fusobacterial strains studied, and underscored the heterogenous nature of these organisms. "Fingerprinting" of oral fusobacteria may be readily accomplished by polypeptide analysis.
Disparate thyroid imaging. Combined studies with sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m and radioactive iodine.

A dissociation between thyroid concentrating and organification, measured respectively by sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m imaging and the 24-hour radioactive iodine scan, was found in seven of 204 patients examined by combined isotope studies. Histologic diagnoses of adenomatous goiter, follicular adenoma, or thyroid carcinoma (mixed papillary and follicular) indicated that no unique morphologic correlates could be predicted in patients with discordant images. The combined use of sodium pertechnetate Tc 99m and radioactive iodine studies were found to be a useful tool for obtaining serial characterization of functional change following thyroid injury in a patient with de Quervain thyroiditis. ( JAMA 228:866-869, 1974)
Brain weight in autism: Normal in the majority of cases, megalencephalic in rare cases

Article abstract The brain weights of 21 postmortem autism cases (5 new and 16 previously published) were compared with normal brain weights from six autopsy studies. Of the 21 cases, 17 had normal brain weights and 1 was micrencephalic. Compared with the normal median (1,460 g), three autism cases were megalencephalic: two (1,810 g and 1,820 g) had been previously reported and one (1,880 g) was a new case. Brain weight is thus normal in most postmortem cases of autism. There are, however, rare cases of megalencephaly and possibly micrencephaly.
Tensile Strength of Spinal Ligaments

Spinal ligaments from 41 fresh human male cadavers were tested. The ligaments were tested In situ by sectioning all elements except the one under study. The force deflection curves demonstrated a sigmoidal shape, and the point at which an increase in deflection was obtained with decreasing force was taken as failure. The force and deformation at failure are shown for each ligament as a function of spinal level.
Improving missing values imputation in collaborative filtering with user-preference genre and singular value decomposition

One of the major concerns in collaborative filtering is sensitive to data sparsity. The other word, missing values are occurred when the customers rate to a few products or services, which bring about to less accuracy of the recommendation. Although the centroid of cluster and SVD are able to solve Sparsity problem, their drawbacks are 1) imputed mean is not derived from user preference and 2) imputed mean does not reflect to the real distribution since imputed mean comes from the average. Therefore, we propose “SVDUPMedianCF” in order to solve the defect of the traditional approach which is an imputation missing value by filling the missing values for each customer with the cluster centroid, obtained from K-means algorithm, of such customer along with singular value decomposition (SVD) in collaborative filtering. According to the experimental evaluation based on MovieLens dataset by using 5-fold cross validation, it has found that imputing missing values with the proposed model presents the lowest mean absolute error when comparison with traditional approach significantly. From the experimental result, the proposed model can improve the quality of recommendation results with significant difference (p<;0.05).
Occurrence of the Plasmid-Borne mcr-1 Colistin Resistance Gene in Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in River Water and Imported Vegetable Samples in Switzerland

The recent identification of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae harboring the plasmid-mediated transferable colistin resistance mcr-1 gene is of great concern to public health ([1][1][–][2][4][3]). Here, we report on the occurrence of mcr-1 -harboring extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-
Polycystic ovary syndrome and anti‐Müllerian hormone: role of insulin resistance, androgens, obesity and gonadotrophins

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder associated with insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, obesity, altered gonadotrophin release and anovulatory infertility. Anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) has been proposed as a marker of ovarian function and fertility. Across a cohort of lean and overweight women with and without PCOS, we investigated the association of AMH with insulin resistance and body composition using gold standard measures. A secondary aim was to examine whether AMH was useful to determine PCOS status.
The Importance of Behavioral Diversity

Introduction There is signifi cant concern regarding the widespread loss of biodiversity and the destructive effects of human activity on the natural environment (Carson 1962; Wilson 2002). Over 500 extinctions of animal species have been recorded since 1600 (Frankham et al. 2002), with this rate signifi cantly increasing over the past 150 years (Primack 1998). Furthermore, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has over 9,000 species of animals on their Red List of Threatened Species, representing 22% of the total species evaluated (IUCN 2010). This current extinction rate is 100–1,000 times greater than the estimated natural rate of extinction based on the fossil record (Primack 1998), indicating we are in the midst of the Earth’s sixth massive extinction. Conservation biology is a crisis-oriented discipline designed to minimize human impacts on and sustain biodiversity (Primack 1998). The goals of conservation biology include preserving genetic variability to maintain the evolutionary potential of populations (Moritz 2002), sustaining habitats and ecosystem processes, minimizing the effects of habitat disturbance on populations, and maintaining an adequate number of reproductive individuals (Gilpin and Soulé 1986; Hedrick and Kalinowski 2000). The study and management of animal personalities can play a key role in conservation biology because the variability of personalities within a population may be related to the genetic diversity of that population. Fluctuating selection pressures maintain personality variation (Réale and Festa-Bianchet 2003; Dingemanse et al. 2004; chapters 7 and 9) and thus preserve higher levels of genetic diversity, which allows populations to adapt to changing environmental conditions and reduces their risk of extinction. Anthropogenic factors are now, however, altering the nature of selection (Stockwell et al. 2003; Carroll 2008; Fenberg and Roy 2008; Hendry et al. 2008), which
Albumin versus crystalloid prime solution for cardiopulmonary bypass in young children

ObjectiveTo determine the effects of adding 5% albumin to the cardiopulmonary bypass prime on perioperative fluid status and fluid management in young children. DesignProspective randomized study. SettingSingle university hospital. PatientsPediatric patients of <14 kg undergoing cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass. InterventionsPatients received a 5% albumin prime or a crystalloid prime. Perioperative fluid intake, output, and daily weights were recorded. Serial hematocrits, colloid osmotic pressures, and serum albumins were measured. Outcomes and complications were documented. Measurements and Main ResultsThere were 86 patients aged 3 days to 4 yrs; 44 patients had an albumin prime and 42 had a crystalloid prime. Patients in the albumin group had a net negative fluid balance at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass compared with a net positive fluid balance in the crystalloid group. Patients in the albumin group had significantly higher serum albumins and colloid osmotic pressures and gained less weight postoperatively. However, their hematocrits were lower, and more patients in the albumin group received packed red blood cells. By 24 hrs postoperatively, there were no differences in colloid osmotic pressures and hematocrits between groups, and by the fourth postoperative day, there was no difference in weight gain. No differences were found in length of mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit or hospital stay, complications, or mortality. ConclusionsAlbumin in the prime may attenuate the extravasation of fluid out of the vascular space, but it may be associated with an increased transfusion rate. The risk/benefit ratio for this intervention warrants further study.
Tibial Osteotomy for the Treatment of Varus Gonarthrosis: Survival and Failure Analysis to Twenty-two Years

Background: The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the long-term results after the treatment of medial compartment gonarthrosis with a proximal tibial osteotomy to determine whether various clinical and radiographic factors relate to the outcome. Methods: From 1972 to 1990, seventy-six valgus-producing high tibial osteotomies were performed in sixty-six patients with medial compartment gonarthrosis. Stabilization was achieved with use of a plate on the lateral side of the proximal part of the tibia and a figure-of-eight wire on the medial side. The mean age of the patients at the time of surgery was sixty-nine years, and the mean duration of follow-up was 10.8 years. The factors that were analyzed included postoperative valgus alignment; the age, gender, and weight of the patient; preoperative Ahlbäck radiographic grade; adverse events; Workers' Compensation status; and public liability. Survivorship outcome end points were conversion to arthroplasty, a Hospital for Special Surgery knee score of <70 points, and patient dissatisfaction with the procedure. Results: Ten-year survival, according to the life-table method, was 74%, 70%, and 65% with conversion to arthroplasty, a Hospital for Special Surgery knee score of <70 points, and patient dissatisfaction, respectively, as the end points. Radiographic valgus alignment that ranged between 8° and 16° at one year after the osteotomy had the most significant positive effect on survivorship for all end points (p < 0.01) compared with the other parameters. Complications occurred in sixteen (21%) of the seventy-six procedures, and they had a significant effect on survival, with all three end points (p < 0.05). Conclusions: We found that survival at ten years was 90% (95% confidence interval, 80% to 99%) when the radiographic valgus angle at one year was between 8° and 16° with arthroplasty as the end point. We believe that there is a role for tibial osteotomy, as an alternative to total knee arthroplasty, in patients who are less than sixty years old. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic study, Level III-2 (retrospective cohort study). See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Myoclonus‐dystonia: An update

Our knowledge of the clinical, neurophysiological, and genetic aspects of myoclonus‐dystonia (M‐D) has improved markedly in the recent years. Basic research has provided new insights into the complex dysfunctions involved in the pathogenesis of M‐D. On the basis of a comprehensive literature search, this review summarizes current knowledge on M‐D, with a focus on recent findings. We also propose modified diagnostic criteria and recommendationsfor clinical management. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Tumor hepatocytes and basement membrane–Producing cells specifically express two different forms of the endostatin precursor, collagen XVIII, in human liver cancers

Endostatin is an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis and tumor growth in mice, which may be generated by proteolytic cleavage of collagen XVIII. In normal tissues, 2 variants of the endostatin precursor, namely the SHORT and LONG forms, regulate tissue specificity. We analyzed 53 human liver biopsies (18 hepatocellular carcinomas, 16 metastases of colorectal cancer, 3 cholangiocarcinomas, and 16 controls) by RNA dot blots, double‐labeling immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization, using common and variant‐specific probes. Tumor hepatocytes expressed the LONG form, whereas cholangiocarcinoma cells expressed the SHORT form, which was deposited in tumor basement membranes. Metastatic colorectal carcinoma cells did not express collagen XVIII. In the stromal compartment of primary and metastatic cancers, myofibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells expressed the SHORT form. Both basement membrane components, collagen IV and the SHORT collagen XVIII form, were codistributed and their mRNA levels strongly correlated (R = .75, P < .001). In addition, freshly isolated human hepatocytes expressed the LONG form and culture‐activated stellate cells the SHORT form. Moreover, the full‐length LONG form is a plasma protein. Thus, the LONG form is a hepatocyte‐specific variant, and the SHORT form is a major component of the tumor extracellular matrix in primary and metastatic liver cancers. In the clinical context, the global expression of the endogenous endostatin precursor, collagen XVIII, in liver cancer results from the combined expression profiles of tumor cells, stromal cells, and nontumor hepatocytes at the advancing edge of the tumor, particular to each type of cancer.
Variations in Jail Sentences and the Probability of Re-Arrest for Driving While Intoxicated

Objective. The probability of re-arrest for driving while intoxicated (DWI) is compared for four different groups of individuals classified by whether the individual was convicted and, if so, the type of sentence received. Method. Subsequent re-arrests for DWI were examined for all individuals whose index arrest for DWI had occurred between 1994 and 2001 in a county in New Mexico. The groups included (1) those convicted as a result of the index arrest and sentenced to a 28-day jail/treatment program (N (#)=(#) 2,703); (2) all those not convicted as a result of the index arrest (N = 709); (3) those who were convicted but not sentenced to jail (N = 1,047); and (4) those convicted and sentenced to jail (N = 1,290). Results. Adjusting for covariates of BAC, number of prior arrests, ethnicity, age, and sex, the probability of not being re-arrested was greatest among those sentenced to the jail/treatment program (Group 1), next highest in the two groups convicted but not sentenced to jail/treatment (Groups 3 and 4), and lowest in the group that was not convicted (Group 2). Length of jail sentence among people convicted but not sentenced to the jail/treatment program was unrelated to the probability of re-arrest. Conclusion. Conviction for DWI, regardless of the sentence, appears to reduce the probability of re-arrest, and being sentenced to a multi-modal treatment/incarceration program further reduces the probability of re-arrest. However, the other types of sentences do not appear to differ in their impact on probability of re-arrest.