Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Aboveground Net Primary Production of tree cover at the post-disturbance area in the Tatra National Park, Slovakia

Abstract Large-scale disturbances under the conditions of Slovakia, caused especially by storm and bark beetle, bring dramatic decline in carbon budget of the country, besides other negative consequences. The largest disturbance in modern history of the Slovak forestry was the storm damage that occurred in November 2004. The Tatra National Park (TNP) was one of the most affected regions. Thus, in this territory, two transects (T1 – the Danielov dom site and T2 – near the Horný Smokovec village) were established to survey basic dendrometric properties of trees in young stands established after the disaster. The standing stock of aboveground biomass in tree cover for the spring and autumn 2014 was calculated using the recorded variables, i.e. tree height and diameter measured at the stem base, together with the region-specific allometric relations. Then, the Aboveground Net Primary Production (ANPP) in tree cover was estimated with respect to its components (stem, branches and foliage). ANPP was 315 g m−2 per year (Transect T1), and 391 g m−2 per year (Transect T2). The differences in the structure of ANPP, i.e. contribution of tree components, were found between transects T1 and T2. They were caused by the contrasting tree species composition, specifically the ratios between Norway spruce and broadleaved species. Broadleaves allocated more biomass production to foliage than spruce. This phenomenon together with higher turnover (once a year) of foliage caused that broadleaves manifest higher share of fast-cycling carbon in comparison to the amount of carbon sequestrated in woody parts (stem and branches). High variability of ANPP was found within the transects, i.e. among the plots (microsites). As for the representative estimation of the standing stock of aboveground part of tree cover as well as ANPP at the post-disturbance area in the TNP territory, the survey should be performed on a net of research plots. Only this approach enables reliable estimates of carbon amount sequestrated in woody parts, eventually carbon yearly absorbed by young forest stands.
Analyzing the Dissertations about Differentiated Instruction in Terms of Their Contents in Turkey.

This study aims to analyze the dissertations about differentiated instruction in terms of their contents in Turkey. The data of the study was collected from Council of Higher Education National Thesis Center database. The dissertations were searched without any year limitation. As a result of searching, 19 dissertations were found. The data obtained from the thesis was analyzed with content analysis. The dissertations were analyzed in terms of the year they published and type of the dissertation, the field on which the studies were conducted, the purpose of the studies, the methods of the studies, data collection tools and research staff in the direction of the purpose of the researcher. The obtained data are indicated in tables considering their percentage and frequency values. As a result of the study, it was seen that the studies mostly focused on the individuals with superior intelligence. It was seen that the researchers used quantitative methods and focused on the academic success of the students. Moreover, it was determined that the studies about the subject were inadequate and there was no interest about the subject. Key words: Differentiated instruction, dissertations, content analysis.
BAYESIAN FORMULATIONS FOR FORCE RECONSTRUCTION PROBLEMS

To identify mechanical sources acting on a structure, Tikhonov-like regularizations are generally used. These approaches, however, only provide point estimates, meaning that the uncertainty about the regularized solution is not quantified. In practice, such information is essential to guarantee the quality of reconstructed sources. In this contribution, three possible Bayesian formulations of the source identification problem are presented and their limitations discussed. To assess the posterior uncertainty on the parameters appearing in each formulation given a simulated vibration field and a mechanical model, a Gibbs sampler is implemented. The proposed numerical validations highlight the practical interest of these formulations in terms of parameters estimations and posterior uncertainty quantification.
Tetrahymena pyriformis Phagocytic Activity Test for Rapid Toxicity Assessment of Aquatic Micropollutants

The increasing worldwide contamination of freshwater ecosystems with micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, hormones, industrial chemicals and pesticides is a key environmental problem facing humanity nowadays. In order to assess the adverse effect of six organic micropollutants (atrazine, bisphenol A, dibutyl phthalate, 17β-estradiol, 3,4-dichlorophenol and Na-diclofenac) a short term phagocytic activity test was applied with Tetrahymena pyriformis representing an important trophic level of aquatic ecosystems. Significant concentration-dependent response in phagocytic activity was experienced to 17β-estradiol and other endocrine disrupting compounds such as 3,4-dichlorophenol, atrazine and dibutyl phthalate with lowest observed effect concentration of 0.01; 0.005; 0.05; 0.05 μg/L, respectively. Although bisphenol A and Na-diclofenac did not result in a concentration-dependent response, significant changes in phagocytic activity were observed. Our results suggest that the phagocytic activity assay relying on a basic cell response can be a valuable method for the early and sensitive indication of adverse effects of micropollutants.
Investigation of residual effects of tensile stress on magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steel

In this paper, a procedure which allows magnetic measurements in different directions with respect to the direction of the applied stress is described. Experimental data on a nonoriented electrical steel is presented. The magnetic properties in different directions were determined as a function of mechanical tensile stress. The impact of the residual effects of tensile stress on the magnetic properties of nonoriented electrical steel is considered.
Jacobian of weak limits of Sobolev homeomorphisms

Abstract Let Ω be a domain in ℝ n {\mathbb{R}^{n}} , where n = 2 , 3 {n=2,3} . Suppose that a sequence of Sobolev homeomorphisms f k : Ω → ℝ n {f_{k}\colon\Omega\to\mathbb{R}^{n}} with positive Jacobian determinants, J ⁢ ( x , f k ) > 0 {J(x,f_{k})>0} , converges weakly in W 1 , p ⁢ ( Ω , ℝ n ) {W^{1,p}(\Omega,\mathbb{R}^{n})} , for some p ⩾ 1 {p\geqslant 1} , to a mapping f. We show that J ⁢ ( x , f ) ⩾ 0 {J(x,f)\geqslant 0} a.e. in Ω. Generalizations to higher dimensions are also given.
REGIO S, TECH OLOGICAL I TERDEPE DE CE A D GROWTH I EUROPE

This paper presents a theoretical neoclassical growth model with two kinds of capital, and technological interdependence among regions. Technological interdependence is assumed to operate through spatial externalities caused by disembodied knowledge diffusion between technologically similar regions. The transition from theory to econometrics yields a reduced-form empirical model that in the spatial econometrics literature is known as spatial Durbin model. Technological dependence between regions is formulated by a connectivity matrix that measures closeness of regions in a technological space spanned by 120 distinct technological fields. We use a system of 158 regions across 14 European countries over the period from 1995 to 2004 to empirically test the model. The paper illustrates the importance of an impact-based model interpretation, in terms of the LeSage and Pace (2009) approach, to correctly quantify the Manfred M. FisherRegions, Technological Interdependence and Growth in Europe 2 magnitude of spillover effects that avoid incorrect inferences about the presence or absence of significant capital externalities among technologically similar regions. JEL Classification: C31, O18, O47, R11
THREE-HOP AF DISTRIBUTED RELAY SYSTEMS UNDER POWER CONSTRAINTS

This paper proposes an amplify-and-forward (AF) dis- tributed relay network consisting of a one-source-one-destination pair and two-level N relays. Optimal relay amplifying matrices (or vectors) at the relays in the flrst and second levels are determined based on the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion. Power is globally, lo- cally, and aggregately constrained at the relays in the flrst and second levels, independently or separately. With the derived optimal relay amplifying matrices, bit error rate (BER), mean square error (MSE) behavior, and the achievable rate are investigated. It is also proven that minimizing the MSE is equal to maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in a three-hop AF wireless relay network.
The role of calcium in the hatching of Globodera rostochiensis

SUMMARY Experiments indicating that free Ca2+ is not essential for the hatching of Globodera rostochiensis Woll. eggs, are described. G. rostochiensis eggs were stimulated to hatch by solutions of decationised potato-root exudate to which a range of 0.5 to lOmM of Na+, K+, Gaz+ or Mg2+ chlorides were added, but only the solution containing 0.5mM GaCI, caused the emergence of significantly more juveniles from cysts than the exudate alone. When cysts were 1 extracted with the chelating agent EGTA to remove Ca,- and other polyvalent cations the number of juveniles which emerged in dilute exudate solutions containing up to 2.0mM CaCl, reached a maximum at O.lmM CaCl,, probably because some of the hatching factor ionically bound to inert materials such as the cyst walls was displaced by Cl-. Ca2+ is extracted from G. rostochiensis cysts by decationised potato-root exudate. Concentrations of 1 to 12 mM EGTA did not significantly inhibit the hatching induced by root exudate. We found that the calcium ionophore A23187 inhibited hatching and that Ca,+ did not activate juveniles immobilised by 0.4M trehalose. It is suggested that the initiation of hatching may be the result of changes in eggshell permeability brought about by the effect of the hatching factor on bound Ca2+.
The impacts of climate change and variability on crop farming systems in Semi-Arid Central Tanzania: The case of Manyoni District in Singida Region

This paper focuses on the impacts of climate change and variability on crop farming. The main objective of this paper is to assess the impacts of climate change and variability on crop farming systems in Manyoni district, Tanzania. This paper used mixed research design with both quantitative and qualitative research approaches. The research used different methods in collecting information concerning the impacts of climate change and variability on crop farming systems such as key informants interviews, focus group discussions and observations methods. Secondary data were collected through documentary review. Questionnaires were administered to 362 heads of households from four study villages namely Lusilile, Udimaa, Makanda and Magasai. Findings of the research revealed that majority of the farming households acknowledged occurrences of climate change and variability in their localities for the past 30 years. Heads of households perceived that rainfall has decreased while temperature has been increasing. This findings are in collaboration with that from the Tanzania meteorological data. Moreover, the findings revealed that climate change and variability have impacted crop farming system in different ways such as, damaging of crops and persistent low yields, reduction of crop varieties and species, decreasing soil fertility, increasing crop pests and diseases and drying of water sources. Therefore, this paper recommends that, collective efforts from government and other stakeholders should be harnessed and implemented in order to respond to these impacts so as to improve households’ food security in the stuyy area.
A Classification of Research Verbs to Facilitate Discourse Segment Identification in Biological Text

To improve the classification of biological texts into rhetorical discourse segments, we need a taxonomy for biological verbs. After reviewing three existing classifications, we created a merged taxonomy that encompasses both biology-specific and scientific discoursespecific elements. We provide a manual classification of 239 unique verbs from two full-text biology papers to this taxonomy, and investigate correspondences with segment type. This leads us to propose a simple model of scientific communication, that might enable further
The Beneficial Effects of Extract of Pinus densiflora Needles on Skin Health

Natural products isolated from plants are used as important resources for medical treatment or health improvement [37]. The natural habit at of Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. (red pine) are Korea, Japan, China, and southeastern Russia, various parts of red pine are used as supplementary health food to improve health [39]. Also, the leaves of red pine are consumed as traditional medicine for liver diseases, skin diseases, and hypertension [19, 22]. Volatile chemicals of red pine possess antioxidant activity and growth inhibition activities against human intestinal bacteria [13, 29]. The skin is the primary barrier between the body and the external environment and defenses against external factors such as microbial and chemical agents [18]. Oxidative stress disrupts the protective function of skin and causes roughness and wrinkling [6]. The use of antioxidants is an effective treatment to prevent symptoms associated with the aging of skin [24]. Common skin diseases associated with inflammation such as pityriasis versicolor are caused by a fungus of the genus Malassezia [12, 25]. Among the Malassezia species, Malassezia furfur is associated with pityriasis Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. (P. densiflora) contains several phenolic compounds that exhibit biological activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antihypertensive effects. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of P. densiflora on skin has rarely been reported. Malassezia furfur (M. furfur) is a commensal microbe that induces skin inflammation and is associated with several chronic disorders, such as dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, papillomatosis, and sepsis. The aim of our study was to identify the anti-inflammatory effects of P. densiflora needle extracts on skin health subjected to M. furfur-induced inflammation. The methanolic extract of the pine needles was partitioned into n-hexane, EtOAc, n-BuOH, and water layers. We measured the anti-inflammatory effects (in macrophages) as well as the antioxidant, antifungal, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of each of these layers. The antioxidant activity of the individual layers was in the order EtOAc layer > n-BuOH layer > water layer. Only the n-BuOH, EtOAc, and n-hexane layers showed antifungal activity. Additionally, all the layers possessed tyrosinase inhibition activity similar to that of ascorbic acid, which is used as a commercial control. The EtOAc layer was not cytotoxic toward the RAW 264.7 cell line. Interleukin 1 beta and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression levels in M. furfurstimulated RAW 264.7 cells treated with the EtOAc layer were decreased markedly compared to those in cells treated with the other layers. Taken together, we believe that the needle extracts of P. densiflora have potential application as alternative anti-inflammatory agents or cosmetic material for skin health improvement.
Holder valuation and holder rigidity for right ring of fractions

The purpose of this article is to introduce the notion of (C1,C2)-Hölder Krull valuation on right ring of fractions ( with respect to right denominator set S in a ring R). It is proved that ifR is a ring satisfying in Hölder rigidity condition, and S a right permutable set of regular elements in R, then the right ring of fractionsR ′ = Qφ (R) with respect toS satisfies in Hölder rigidity condition. This results provide an extension of the Garsia t heorem (see [2]) for right ring of fractions.
Sectoral adjustment of employment to shifts in outsourcing and trade: evidence from a dynamic fixed effects multinomial logit model

This paper analyzes the effects of trade and outsourcing on the transition probabilities of employment between sectors, using a dynamic multinomial logit framework with fixed effects. The data cover a sample of individual Austrian male workers over the period 1988-2001. Our results strongly support the view that international economic forces are important determinants of labor market turnover. In particular, an increase in the outsourcing intensity negatively affects the probability of staying in or changing into the manufacturing sector, even more so for industries with a comparative disadvantage. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimizing Support Vector Machines for Stormwater Prediction

In water resource management, efficient controllers of stormwater tanks prevent flooding of sewage systems, which reduces environmental pollution. With accurate predictions of stormwater tank fill levels based on past rainfall, such controlling systems are able to detect state changes as early as possible. Up to now, good results on this problem could only be achieved by applying special-purpose models especially designed for stormwater prediction. The question arises whether it is possible to replace such specialized models with state-of-the-art machine learning methods, such as Support Vector Machines (SVM) in combination with consequent parameter tuning using sequential parameter optimization, to achieve competitive performance. This study shows that even superior results can be obtained if the SVM hyperparameters and the considered preprocessing is tuned. Unfortunately, this tuning might also result in overfitting or oversearching – both effects would lead to declined model generalizability. We analyze our tuned models and present possibilities to circumvent the effects of overfitting and oversearching.
Nanosilver and its Medical Implications

Nanosciences along with the emergence of nanobiotechnolgy and nanomedicine in the last few decades provided a number of opportunities for exploring the bactericidal and fungicidal activities of metal nanoparticles. In the present scenario silver in the form of nanoparticles are playing a major role in the field of Nanotechnology and Nano medicine, their unique size dependent properties make them superior and indispensable. The use of nanotechnology in the field of medicine could revolutionize the way we detect and treat damage to the human body and disease in the future, and many techniques only imagined a few years ago are making remarkable progress towards becoming realities. Silver nanoparticles have been synthesized through various routes in the laboratories in India and as well as many foreign research institutes. These routes can be chemical as well as biological.Nanotechnology has provided a number of nanoparticle-based therapeutics and diagnostic agents. Silver-impregnated wound dressings have the potential to reduce both bio burden and healing time.
The response of Stylosanthes hamata cv. Verano to applications of sodium and chloride

Stylosanthes hamata cv.Verano was grown for 116 days in pots with factorial combinations of sodium levels and chloride (equivalent to 0‐356 kg/ha Na, and 0‐548 kg/ha Cl) using a yellow earth soil. Treatments were applied from day 42 in 2 applications 6 weeks apart. Plant height was unaffected by treatment, but plant top yield declined linearly with Cl rate and was reduced by 9% at the highest Cl level. Sodium, except at the highest level, had little effect on top growth. Leaf number and inflorescence number were both depressed by increasing NaCl rates. Effects were greater on the yield of roots than of tops, with the highest NaCl treatment reducing root yield by 31%. The Cl content in tops increased linearly with Cl rate (P 0.05). A significant Na × Cl interaction resulted in Cl rate increasing the N and P concentration of plant tops at zero Na rate, whereas Cl rate depressed N concentration at the highest Na rates. Compared with S. humilis (Townsville stylo), Verano appears to tolerate moderate salinity levels and should be better adapted to saline soils.
Transformational Leadership Influence on Follower Performance through Upward Knowledge Management and Organizational Learning

This article analyzes the direct and indirect effects of transformational leadership on follower performance through upward knowledge management and organizational learning. The research has been carried out in a company that has formed learning organization teams for organizational growth. 247 employees have participated in this study. After applying a confirmatory factor analysis to the scales used in the research, the relationship among research variables has been analyzed by using the structural equation model (SEM). The results of the research has determined that: a) transformational leadership has a positive effect on follower performance through upward knowledge management and organizational learning; b) upward knowledge management does not only directly and positively impact follower performance but also has a positive but indirect effect through organizational learning; c) organizational learning has a direct and positive effect on follower performance.
Measuring job satisfaction, motivation and health issues of secondary school teachers in Pakistan

This study was carried out in twin cities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi of Pakistan focusing on teachers of both public and private secondary schools. The study identifies the factors affecting teachers overall job satisfaction by conducting two studies with a total sample comprised 523 teachers. This study was an extension of teacher 2000 project and the same survey instrument was used here. Study-1 with a sample size of 252 teachers was used to develop new scales using exploratory factor analysis from the perspective of a developing country like Pakistan, as the original questionnaire was designed and used in a developed country, Australia. In Study-2, a precised questionnaire with new scales was used and a sample size of 271 teachers was gathered to investigate overall satisfaction caused by factors relating to contribution, commitment and health issues. Results of motivating factors towards teaching showed that though, teaching was not the first choice of majority of respondents, but they joined this profession as it would fit well with their family commitments. Majority agrees that training played a positive role in enhancing their teaching ability. The most important aspect is that majority is overall satisfied; currently more satisfied from the past and also willing to carry on this profession in future, especially females. Regression results showed that teachers’ contribution has positive relationship with their performance, whereas health issues are the source of decreased performance of teachers. However, relationship of commitment with satisfaction found to be insignificant. Key words: Teachers, satisfaction, motivation, health issues, schools, Pakistan, teacher 2000 project.
ClasSense: A Mobile Digital Backchannel System for Monitoring Class Morale

useful for lecturers to gather real-time online feedback from students in a large lecture environment. Nevertheless, the fast pace of a lecture relative to a large audience can make it difficult for the lecturer to process and respond to large amount of feedback in real time. To address this issue, we propose a mobile digital backchannel system ClasSense that allows students to express their emotions during a class and analyses the sentiments of their feedback in real time so that the lecturer can continuously monitor the morale of the student population and respond to the most important concerns students have in common. This paper presents the key design considerations and a pilot study of the proposed system.