Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Feeding of tub gurnard Chelidonichthys lucerna (Scorpaeniformes: Triglidae) in the north-east Mediterranean

The stomach contents of 1096 specimens of Chelidonichthys lucerna were examined in order to analyse their diet composition according to fish size, sex, depth and season. Sampling was carried out from May 2005 to March 2007 during several bottom trawl surveys in the Adriatic Sea (north-east Mediterranean). Feeding activity was more intense in juveniles than in adults. The most important prey was Crustacea (mainly Decapoda: Brachyura, such as Goneplax rhomboides, Liocarcinus spp., Philocheras spp.) and Teleostei (mainly European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus and black goby Gobius niger). There was no difference between male and female diet. Feeding habits varied with size, with fish dominating the stomach contents of larger specimens. Finally, fish increased in winter and crustaceans in summer. Chelidonichthys lucerna shows a generalist and opportunistic foraging behaviour, preying mainly epibenthic and nectobenthic organisms.
The estimation of the food of foxes.

neck banded with this marker. Three squirrels found dead within one week of banding retained their bands, three squirrels retained their bands three months or more, and three squirrels had lost their bands after three months. The size of the band used on gray squirrels was found to be very critical. One collar is known to have been removed by the squirrel by slipping the collar over its head. Another was evidently bitten in two, but it is not known if this was accomplished by its wearer or another squirrel. A collar that was evidently too tight caused a lesion on the neck of one squirrel. No marker is known to have been lost because it was insecurely attached. While sufficient time has not elapsed to judge adequately the durability of this method of attachment, the indications are that it may be as secure as the jesse knot method. According to a recent communication from the Cee-Bee Manufacturing Co., 76 N. 4th St., Brooklyn 11, N.Y. , which produces the marking material used in this study, six widths, #22-0 1/2-inch (20 yards per pound), #10-0 %-inch (19 yards per pound), #138-0 1-inch (19 yards per pound), #10-0 11/2inch (10 yards per pound), #10-0 2-inch (7 yards per pound), and #196-0 21/-inch (6 yards per pound) are currently being marketed. This material is available in black, white, red, Nile green, Kelly green, royal blue, light blue, navy blue, yellow, pink, lavender, purple, orange, tan, light brown, and dark brown. The #10-0 3/-inch material used on boat-tailed grackles, black-necked stilts, and gray squirrels during this study is no longer available. A #5203 Keysort Card Punch obtained from The McBee Co., Athens, Ohio, was u ed in converting the 1/2-inch material into markers.
Detection and Classification of Normal and Abnormal Heart Diseases Using SIFT and SVM

— The lung cancer only accounts more deaths than any other type of cancers in both men and women. Lung zones are identified by assessing the lungs by comparing the upper, middle and lower lung parts on the left and right. Asymmetry of lung density is denoted as either abnormal whiteness (increased density), or abnormal blackness (decreased density). Once the asymmetry is spotted, the next step is to decide which side is abnormal. If there is an area that is different from the surrounding is bilateral lung, then this is likely to be the abnormal area. If the alveoli and small airways fill with dense material, the lung is said to be consolidated. The early detection of lung cancer makes the survival rate of patients. In this paper, we proposed a method for the detection and classification of chest images using Scale Invariant Feature Transform and Support Vector Machine. The SIFT descriptor detects the key points from the gray level images. Seven features are detected by applying the SVM principle with SIFT transform. The performance measures such as precision, recall, accuracy and F-Score are estimated. We have collected more than 100 CT images for this classification from Radiological center, KIMS Hospital. The normal and abnormal chest images are classified with the better performance measures.
Human Vision Based 3D Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation of Large-Scale Outdoor Scenes

This paper proposes EyeNet, a novel semantic segmentation network for point clouds that addresses the critical yet often overlooked parameter of coverage area size. Inspired by human peripheral vision, EyeNet overcomes the limitations of conventional networks by introducing a simple but efficient multi-scale input and a parallel processing network with connection blocks between parallel streams. The proposed approach effectively addresses the challenges of dense point clouds, as demonstrated by our ablation studies and state-of-the-art performance on Large-Scale Outdoor datasets.
A Survey on Privacy Vulnerabilities in Permissionless Blockchains

Blockchain decentralization not only ensures transparency of transactions to eliminate need of trusting third party, but also makes the transactions of the network to be publicly accessible to all the participating peers in the network. As a result, data anonymity and confidentiality are compromised making several business enterprises and industrialists hesitant to adopt the technology. Although research community has proposed various privacy-preserving solutions for blockchain, however, they still lack in efficiency resulting in distrust of industries in opting for the technology. This study is conducted for contributing to the existing body of knowledge corresponding to privacy in blockchains. The fundamental goal of this study is to delve into privacy vulnerabilities of the blockchain network in a permissionless setting by identifying non-trivial roots of factors causing privacy breach in blockchain and presenting limitation of existing privacy preserving mechanisms. Studies with superficial comparison of privacy preserving techniques are available in literature but a detailed and in-depth analysis of their limitations and causes of privacy breach in blockchain is yet not done. Therefore, in this paper we first present comprehensive analysis of various privacy breaching factors of the blockchain networks. Next, we discuss existing cryptographic and non-cryptographic solutions in literature. We found out that these existing privacy preserving mechanisms have their own set of limitations and hence are inefficient at current point of time. The existing privacy preserving mechanisms need further consideration of the research community before they’re widely adopted and benchmarked. Therefore, in the end, we identified some future directions that need to be addressed to model an efficient privacy preserving mechanism for wider adoption of the blockchain technology.
Interaction between hemicelluloses, lignin and cellulose : Structure-property relationships

Nous avons realise des mesures lors d'essais en milieu humide a 80°C de maniere a etudier l'influence du ramollissement de l'hemicellulose sur le ramollissement d'echantillons de pâte de bois. Nous n'avons pas observe de ramollissement de l'hemicellulose dans le bois indigene. Les echantillons delignifies laissaient voir un certain ramollissement qui disparaissait avec l'extraction du xylane. Aucun ramollissement du glucomannane n'a ete detecte dans les echantillons contenant uniquement du glucomannane et de la cellulose. Nous pensons que dans la paroi fibreuse, le xylane est associe avec la lignine, et le glucomannane avec la cellulose.
Fixation of new mutations in small populations

Evolution proceeds as the result of a balance between a few basic processes: mutation, selection, migration, genetic drift, and recombination. Mutation is the ultimate source of all the genetic variation on which selection may act; it is therefore essential to evolution. Mutations carry a large cost, though; almost all are deleterious, reducing the fitness of the organisms in which they occur (see Chapter 7). Mutation is therefore both a source of good and ill for a population (Lande 1995). The overall effect of mutation on a population is strongly dependent on the population size. A large population has many new mutations in each generation, and therefore the probability is high that it will obtain new favorable mutations. This large population also has effective selection against the bad mutations that occur; deleterious mutations in a large population are kept at a low frequency within a balance between the forces of selection and those of mutation. A population with relatively fewer individuals, however, will have lower fitness on average, not only because fewer beneficial mutations arise, but also because deleterious mutations are more likely to reach high frequencies through random genetic drift. This shift in the balance between fixation of beneficial and deleterious mutations can result in a decline in the fitness of individuals in a small population and, ultimately, may lead to the extinction of that population. As such, a change in population size may determine the ultimate fate of a species affected by anthropogenic change.
Role of Gene Silencing In Agriculture

Gene silencing play role of suppressing gene expression in plants. The ability of gene silencing has produced transgenic plants able to switch off endogenous genes and invading nucleic acids. Mechanism for gene silencing through at the transcriptional level (TGS) or at the post-transcriptional level (PTGS). It play a key role in many essential cellular processes. RNA interference (RNAi) is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that causes sequence specific gene silencing. Though biologically evolved to mediate resistance to both endogenous and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids and to regulate the expression of protein coding genes, it is being successfully used as a tool for functional genomics. This powerful Agricultural tool has provided plant breeders and researchers with great opportunity to accelerate breeding programs and developmental studies in agriculture. Role of Gene Silencing In Agriculture
Effect of Paclobutrazol on Brachysm and Stress Resistance of Potted Chimonanthus praecox

The test of potted Chimonanthus praecox which was irrigated with 3 concentrations of paclobutrazol(PP333) was conducted,the effect of PP333 on the brachysm and biological effectiveness of C.praecox was studied.The results showed that the chlorophyll content in leaves of C.praecox increased obviously with the 3 treatments,and increased greatly with the concentration increase.The resistance of C.praecox increased firstly,and then decreased with the increase of PP333 concentrations,and the strongest resistance was under the concentration of 1000 mg·L-1 PP333.Concentrations of PP333 were negatively correlated with branch numbers,branch length,internode length,flowering time.The treatments on the elongation of branches had inhibitory action,but had no effect on diameter of flowers.Irrigation with medium and low concentrations of PP333 would significantly increase the number of bud,especially with 1000 mg·L-1 PP333.Irrigation with 200 mL of 1000 mg·L-1 PP333 on C.praecox had the best results.
Molecular biology : a linkage between microbial ecology, general ecology and organismal biology

The field of microbial ecology has been developing rapidly, largely owing to the introduction of new molecular methods for identifying individuals, species and populations of microorganisms in nature. In contrast to traditional methods, the new ones do not require the isolation and culture of organisms from the environment. With many of the new methods, genotypes and species of microorganisms can be identified by using 'marker' sequences of nucleic acids that can be related to those of other organisms by applying phylogenetic methods. Thus molecular techniques provide information on both the structure and evolutionary relationships of organisms in microbial communities. Methods are also available for analyzing gene expression and metabolic activities of microbial communities in situ. They make it possible to link microbial diversity to ecological processes and to bridge the gap between microbiology in the laboratory, microbial ecology and general ecology. The development of microbial ecology has been highly dependent on information obtained from studies of microorganisms in pure or mixed cultures. These studies have been focused on identifying genes, enzymes, metabolites, etc., involved in important microbial interactions and ecological processes, such as parasitism, symbiosis, decomposition and nitrogen transformation. Recently this 'organism-oriented' branch of microbial ecology has been strongly stimulated by the results obtained within the large genome projects. Large-scale sequencing and functional analyses of genes, transcripts, proteins and metabolic pathways are being carried out on a number of microorganisms, including the well-characterized 'model organisms' (such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as well as several species of substantial ecological importance. A major future challenge of 'post-genome' projects will be to decipher the relationships between genotypes and phenotypes, and to link molecular mechanisms to adaptive variation. These are also central problems in ecology. The strong connection between microbial ecology and molecular biology should inspire us to make further advances in these areas of ecology as well as to integrate general ecology more closely with organismal biology. (Less)
Seedling longevity under deep shade in relation to seed size

1 Seedlings were grown in dense shade, below the compensation point. At cotyledon stage (i.e. when placed in dense shade from germination onwards), species with larger seed mass tended to survive longer. This was true within 11 phylogenetically independent contrast (PIC) pairs of plant species, as well as across all 22 species. 2 RGR of early seedlings in full light (to day 10 after germination), and cotyledon dark respiration, were measured as potential indicators of the speed with which metabolic resources in the seed were used during early seedling development. These indicators proved not to be such good predictors of longevity under dense shade as was seed mass itself. 3 Seedlings were also grown in the light until five days after true leaves appeared, before being transferred to dense shade. The different behaviour of these true-leaf seedlings was consistent with the idea that extra resources in seeds are the direct cause of longer dense-shade survival. Longevity in dense shade at leaf stage was often shorter than for cotyledon-stage seedlings, especially for larger-seeded species. Longevity in dense shade at leaf stage was best correlated with a slow potential RGR in full light measured over days 10-30 of growth. Correlation with seed mass was marginal and probably an indirect correlation via RGR, and there was no correlation with leaf dark respiration.
EFFECT OF FOOD LIMITATION DURING THE BREEDING SEASON ON THE SIZE, BODY COMPONENTS AND EGG PRODUCTION OF FEMALE STICKLEBACKS (GASTEROSTEUS ACULEATUS)

structure. Gasterosteus aculeatus L. , the three-spined stickleback, is a suitable subject. The female spawns several times over a period of 2 to 3 months in spring and summer (Baggerman 1957), and egg production is a function of food availability (Wootton 1973a). The energy cost of egg production by jfemales on an ad libitum ration has been calculated (Wootton & Evans 1976) but the effect of a restriction of food supply during the breeding season on egg production and growth can also be quantified. Such an approach will eventually allow the development of a model predicting growth and egg production in natural populations of sticklebacks from information on the rate of food consumption.
Composição da fração protéica do leite de vacas leiteiras suplementadas com diferentes fontes de ácidos graxos insaturados de cadeia longa no período de transição e início de lactação

Introdução O uso de fontes de gordura nas rações de vacas leiteiras pode promover redução no teor de proteína do leite. Por outro lado, em alguns casos a redução no teor de proteína do leite pode ocorrer possivelmente pelo simples efeito de diluição devido ao aumento da produção de leite quando são fornecidas rações com adição de gordura (Garnsworthy, 2002), ou por variações nas concentrações das frações protéicas no leite, como a concentração de caseína, ou nas variações nas concentrações de alguns hormônios que podem promover mudanças fisiológicas que afetam a síntese de proteína do leite (Wu & Wuber, 1993). Existe na literatura algumas hipóteses propostas procurando explicar a variação no teor de proteína do leite em resposta à suplementação de gordura. A hipótese mais aceita envolve o aumento no fornecimento de energia consiste no suprimento de aminoácidos, onde este último não consegue atender a demanda para síntese de protéica na mesma intensidade na qual ocorre aumento do consumo de energia. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a utilização de diferentes fontes de ácidos graxos insaturados de cadeia longa nas rações de vacas leiteiras no período de transição e início de lactação e seus efeitos sobre a composição da fração protéica do leite.
NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY AND SPIROERGOMETRY TESTING IN CROSSFIT

PURPOSE: CrossFit is a young sport discipline which offers varied strength and endurance training through complex exercises. Currently there are relatively few studies focusing on performance analysis in terms of the physiological response of organism. The aim of the research was to verify near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in combination with spiroergometry as a functional means for specific load testing in CrossFit and to find out what physiological changes occur in CrossFit. METHODS: Elite crossfitter (male, age 20, body height 185 cm, body weight 87 kg) formed part of this study. Two Moxy sensors (placed on the vastus lateralis muscle and the intercostal muscles) and chest (strap) heart rate (HR) sensor were used for obtaining the data. The Cortex MetaMax 3BR2 system was used for portable spiroergometry. The AMRAP method (as many repetitions as possible) was used for testing. The selected test consisted of (1) 10 Deadlifts, 100 kg, 15 Assault Air Bike Calories; (2) 12 lunges (with two 20 kg Kettlebell), 10 push-ups, 8 ring pull up; (3) 20 SkiErg Calories, 10 50 kg back squat,
Electrophoretic Evidence and Plant Systematics

The study of phenotypes and their variation often provides evidence for phylogenetic inferences in plant systematics. Therefore, it is critical that the phenotypes analyzed reflect as directly as possible the underlying genotypes. The equation between phenotype and genotype is simpler and better understood for evidence obtained by electrophoresis of plant enzymes than for most morphological characters. This article discusses the advantages and limitations of electrophoretic evidence to test hypotheses in plant systematics and evolution. It also summarizes the results of a large number of studies which have utilized this evidence. Three general observations from these studies are: (1). Conspecific plant populations are extremely similar genetically as documented by their very high mean genetic identities, 0.95 + 0.02. This result suggests that one or a few populations often constitute an adequate sample of a species. (2). Congeneric plant species have strikingly reduced mean genetic identities, 0.67 + 0.07. However, certain pairs of annual plant species have genetic identities similar to those of conspecific populations. In these cases, the species have been shown to be related as progenitor and derivative with the derivative being of recent origin. (3). The amount of genetic variability within plant populations appears closely correlated with their breeding system, with outcrossing populations substantially more variable than inbreeding ones. The article also describes a number of actual and potential applications of electrophoresis in plant systematics. Evidence obtained by electrophoresis of enzymes has not been widely utilized by plant systematists although it has dominated the research of many of their zoological counterparts and population geneticists (Manwell & Baker, 1970; Lewontin, 1974; Nei, 1975; Ayala, 1976). This has meant that the strengths and weaknesses of such evidence for solving systematic and evolutionary questions in plant biology have not been sufficiently discussed. The present article is designed to facilitate an efficient evaluation, and emphasizes the unique characteristics of electrophoretic evidence, the requirements for its analysis, and actual and potential applications in plant systematics and evolution.
Relating Water Potential Gradients in Mountain Ash (Eucalyptus regnans F. Muell.) To Transpiration Rate

Osmotic tensiometers recording in situ stem water potential, Ψst, were implanted at two heights in the trunks of mountain ash (Eucalyptus regnans) in mature and 1939 regrowth forests. Measurements over one summer showed that Ψst gradients, obtained from the mean Ψst values at each height, reached over 50 kPa/m, with the diurnal maxima generally occurring between 1500 and 1600 h. When Ψst gradients were averaged over 24 h it was found that, unless temperatures were extremely high or the foliage was wet, the average diurnal gradient was linearly related to the average vapour pressure deficit. From this relationship the average diurnal gradient during two earlier summers was estimated to be 23 kPa/m. The forest transpiration rate during this time was estimated to be 4.1 mm/day and when these data, together with sapwood area data, were put into a simple tree transpiration model, the relative conductivity of the sapwood was found to be approximately 7.9 × 10-12 m2.
Antioxidant Potential of Flours from Cereals, Tubers, Beans and SeedsChemical Profile of Curcuma longa Flour

Phenolic compounds have been reported to prevent diseases resulting from oxidative stress. Cereals, tubers, beans and seeds are sources of phenolic compounds and other bioactive compounds, so, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of methanol extracts of several edible flours. Determinations of the total phenols content and antioxidant capacity by RSA-DPPH•, CUPRAC, FRAP assays and lipid peroxidation inhibition tests were performed. Turmeric showed the best results with respect to antioxidant capacity across all methods used in this study. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of three phenolic compounds in the methanolic extract of turmeric: bisdemethoxycurcumin, demethoxycurcumin and curcumin. DPPH-HPLC was employed and showed that demethoxycurcumin and curcumin were the compounds with the highest antioxidant power toward DPPH•. In summary, all the flours had shown antioxidant capacity, with turmeric flour, the one with better performance. These flours can be used to balance the effects of oxidative stress, when introduced in the human and animal diets and aggregate value to the local production of these products.