Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Redox Catalysis Using Ag@SiO2 Colloids

We show that metal particles encapsulated by thin silica shells can catalyze redox reactions on their surface. The surface charge of both silica-coated and uncoated colloidal silver particles has been varied by chemical electron injection, using controlled amounts of borohydride ions. The charging and discharging processes were monitored by time-resolved UV−visible spectroscopy, making use of the influence of the surface charge on the position and intensity of the silver plasmon band. We show that the charging and discharging rates can be controlled by means of silica coating, since they are limited by the diffusion of borohydride ions through the silica pores.
Analisis Pengaruh Redaman Hujan Terhadap Performansi Sistem Komunikasi Optik Ruang Bebas Dengan Modulasi 16-QAM

Sistem komunikasi serat optik telah menjadi pilihan untuk kebutuhan komunikasi karena kualitasnya yang baik dan dapat memenuhi kebutuhan komunikasi. Sistem komunikasi Free Space Optics (FSO) merupakan sistem komunikasi optik yang memiliki kemampuan untuk memberikan data-rate yang tinggi dengan menggunakan ruang bebas sebagai media transmisinya. Kondisi cuaca seperti hujan, kabut dan salju menjadi tantangan utama sistem komunikasi ini. Pada jurnal ini diusulkan sistem komunikasi FSO dengan jarak 3, 5 dan 10 km pada kondisi cuaca hujan dan menggunakan dua panjang gelombang yaitu 1310 nm dan 1550 nm. Hasil dari analisis ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa kinerja sistem komunikasi FSO yang akan dikur dengan menggunakan nilai bit error rate (BER) pada setiap skenario. Hasilnya dari BER akan dibandingkan untuk mengetahui parameter yang cocok untuk sistem komunikasi ini. Kata Kunci: FSO, BER, redaman hujan
Molecular docking and dynamic simulation of astragalin reveals inhibitory potential against pancreatic lipase

Obesity has been classified as a disease that affects many people around the globe. The prevalence continues to rise each year, thus finding an effective and safe treatment as an anti-obesity drug is a major issue for researchers. At present, the only anti-obesity that gained approval for long-term treatment by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is orlistat. It acts by inhibiting pancreatic lipase activity. Unfortunately, it is a synthetic drug and comes with unpleasant side-effects. Hence, there is a need to search for pancreatic lipase inhibitor from natural resources. Several studies have revealed that flavonoids from Nelumbo nucifera leave extract showed pancreatic lipase-inhibitory activity. In this study, flavonoids from N. nucifera namely leucoanthocyadin, rutin and astragalin were chosen to undergo molecular docking analysis using AutoDock 4.2. Astragalin displayed the best affinity towards pancreatic lipase as compared to the other two flavonoids. Astragalin produced more hydrogen bonds and had lower free binding energy compared to orlistat. Moreover, astragalin formed a strong hydrogen bond with key amino acid Ser152 in the catalytic triad and showed good ligand recognition as it also had a strong hydrogen bond with His151, Phe215, and Arg256. Pancreatic lipase-astragalin complex underwent molecular dynamic (MD) simulation using GROMACS ver. 4. Docking simulation revealed that this complex was more stable compared to the pancreatic lipase-orlistat complex. This preliminary in silico result proposed that astragalin might act as an anti-obesity agent through pancreatic lipase inhibition action.
ESTUDO EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DA VIOLÊNCIA SEXUAL NO MUNICÍPIO DE ARACAJU, SERGIPE, 2013 A 2016

Este estudo objetivou analisar o perfil das vitimas de violencia sexual na cidade de Aracaju-SE no periodo entre 2013-2016. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiologico realizado a partir de dados agregados, obtidos em estratos populacionais, mediante consulta no Departamento de Informatica do Sistema unico de Saude. Taxas de incidencia foram calculadas com ajustes para o registro populacional de cada ano, e apresentadas na escala de 1:10000 habitantes. Elaborou-se um modelo de regressao binomial negativa para avaliar a razao da taxa de incidencia (“incidence rate ratio” ou IRR) de violencia sexual. O perfil da populacao exposta a esta violencia foi predominantemente do sexo feminino, faixa etaria de 10 a 14 anos e cor autodeclarada parda. Dentre os registros, os principais agressores foram amigos/conhecidos e o estupro foi o principal tipo de violencia sexual notificado. Os dados reforcam a vulnerabilidade do sexo feminino a este tipo de violencia, principalmente na faixa etaria infanto-juvenil.
¿El sombreamiento es capaz de potenciar el crecimiento de plantas de Myrocarpus frondosus en el campo?

*Autor de correspondencia: a Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Av. Roraima 1000, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, Brasil, suaimi@gmail.com, araujo.maristela@gmail.com, thairini.z@gmail.com, felipemanzonibarbosa@hotmail.com, alvaro.berghetti@gmail.com, marllos_lima@hotmail.com b Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Biologia, Santa Maria, Brasil, lutabaldi@yahoo.com. br c Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Campus San Lorenzo, Paraguay, ebenitezleon@gmail.com
Using horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios to construct shear-wave velocity profiles

Abstract. For seismic hazard assessment and earthquake hypocentre localization, detailed shear-wave velocity profiles are an important input parameter. Here, we present a method to construct a shear-wave velocity profiles for a deep unconsolidated sedimentary layer by using strong teleseismic phases and the ambient noise field. Gas extraction in the Groningen field, in the northern part of the Netherlands, is causing low-magnitude, induced seismic events. This region forms an excellent case study due to the presence of a permanent borehole network and detailed subsurface knowledge. Instead of conventional horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios (H∕V ratios) from amplitude spectra, we calculate power spectral densities and use those as input for H∕V calculations. The strong teleseisms provide resonance recordings at low frequencies, where the seismic noise field is too weak to be recorded well with the employed geophones and accelerometers. The H∕V ratios of the ambient noise field are compared with several forward modelling approaches to quality check the teleseism-based shear-wave velocity profiles. Using the well-constrained depth of the sedimentary basin, we invert the H∕V ratios for velocity profiles. A close relationship is observed between the H∕V spectral ratios from the ambient noise field, shear-wave resonance frequencies and Rayleigh-wave ellipticity. By processing only five teleseismic events, we are able to derive shear-wave velocities for the deeper sedimentary sequence with a 7 % bias in comparison with the existing detailed velocity model for the Cenozoic sediments overlying the Groningen gas field. Furthermore, a relation between resonance frequency and unconsolidated sediment thickness is derived, to be used in other areas in the Netherlands, where detailed depth maps are not available.
Synthesis and Characterization of Organic/Inorganic Polyrotaxanes from Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane and Poly(ethylene oxide)/α‐Cyclodextrin Polypseudorotaxanes via Click Chemistry

Organic/inorganic polyrotaxanes were synthesized via Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between 3-azidapropylhepta(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl) POSS and dialkyne-terminated PEO/α-cyclodextrin polypseudorotaxanes. The organic/inorganic hybrid polyrotaxanes were characterized by means of 1 H NMR spectroscopy and WAXRD. It was found that the nanosized POSS blocking agents significantly affected the crystal structures of polyrotaxanes. Thermal gravimetric analysis showed that the organic/inorganic hybrid polyrotaxanes exhibited enhanced thermal stability compared to their parent polypseudorotaxanes, in terms of rate of thermal degradation and the summation of char and ceramic yields.
Phase Behavior of Polystyrene-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) Diblock Copolymer

The phase behavior of polystyrene-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) copolymers of various molecular weights has been studied by using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and depolarized light scattering (DLS). The empirical Flory χ, determined from scattering intensity profiles for a fully disordered PS-b-PMMA copolymer, was shown to behave differently depending on temperature range. χ was described mostly by enthalpic contribution at higher temperatures, but a dominant entropic contribution appeared in χ at lower temperatures. The order−disorder transition (ODT) temperatures for the series of copolymers with the controlled molecular weights were directly measured through SAXS and DLS. The resultant ODTs were then compared with a compressible random-phase approximation theory to determine cross interactions between block components. It was found that effective χ from theory is also mostly described by enthalpic contribution, which yields a moderate change in ODT upon the increase of copolymer molecu.
Plegando papel para comprender el plegado proteico: El modelo de la insulina como actividad autoevaluativa

Las herramientas digitales de visualizacion de estructuras moleculares son de gran ayuda para comprender la relacion entre la estructura y la funcion. Su versatilidad permitio que emerjan como los elementos pedagogicos mas utilizados para introducir a los estudiantes estos conceptos. Sin embargo, las representaciones digitales carecen de muchas de las ventajas que tienen los esquemas fisicos, debido a que requieren una percepcion espacial que puede llegar a limitar la conexion entre modelos visuales y estructuras tridimensionales. En este trabajo, presentamos nuestra experiencia para ensenar la estructura proteica introduciendo una actividad que combina el uso de herramientas digitales con el armado de un modelo fisico de papel. Gracias a su facil aplicacion, implementamos esta actividad como una tarea autoevaluativa de caracter opcional. El entusiasmo que manifestaron los estudiantes por completarla demuestra que presentarles actividades que promuevan su creatividad permite que se involucren de forma activa en su propio aprendizaje.
Gambaran karakteristik kanker anak di RSUP Sanglah, Bali, Indonesia periode 2008-2017

Background: Childhood cancer is estimated to increase every year. Child cancer divided into leukemia and solid tumors. In RSCM Jakarta, the most common cancers are Acute Leukemia, Brain Tumor (10-15%), Retinoblastoma (10-12%), and other malignancies. This study aims to determine the characteristics of childhood cancer at Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar in the period 2008-2017. Method: A cross-sectional retrospective descriptive study was conducted by taking patient’s medical records of leukemia and solid tumors data in children admitted to Sanglah General Hospital during 2008-2017. The parameters assessed in this study were the type of cancer in children, age, sex, or residence domicile. Data were analyzed with SPSS software version 17 for Windows. Results: The results obtained 410 pediatric cancer patients during the 2008-2017 time period, which consisted of 240 cases of leukemia (58.5%) and 170 cases of solid tumors (41.5%). Most cases were 0-5 years old (61.5%), males (50.7%), and domiciled in Bali (72.4%). Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (LLA) is the most common hematologic malignancy in children, which occupies 41.0% of total cancers proportion, followed by retinoblastoma (14.0%), malignant lymphoma (9.0%), and neuroblastoma (5.0%). Conclusion : Most cancers in children occur at the age of 0-5 years, male sex, and domicile in Bali. Besides, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (LLA) is the most common hematologic malignancy in children.
A CONTINUOUS SPATIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TEXTURAL FRACTIONS AND CACO3 CONTENT OF THE TOPSOIL OF THE POLDER REGION OF NORTHWEST EAST‐FLANDERS, BELGIUM

The aim of our paper is to report the spatial variability of the clay, silt, sand, and CaCO3 contents of the topsoil of the Polder Region (6840 ha) and to construct a continuous spatial characterization of these components. Because we sampled at small distance lags, several levels of spatial variability of the textural fractions ranging from within-a-field to polder scale were identified. This structure was best represented by nested semivariograms. A single-level structure was found for the CaCO3 content in which nonstationary conditions were encountered beyond a lag distance of 4000 m. Optimized by an independent test data set, punctual kriging produced contour maps of both the values of the investigated properties and the estimation confidence intervals. This procedure illustrates an alternative way of using existing soil survey data, avoiding the definition of soil property classes. New information was obtained since no published soil maps are available for approximately half of this region.
ANALISIS PENERAPAN ORGANISASI PEMBELAJAR (LEARNING ORGANIZATION) DI PT FEDERAL INTERNATIONAL FINANCE (FIF) CENTRAL MALANG

This research was aimed to determine whether PT FIF Central Malang has implemented the concept of Learning Organization to its full potential in achieving company goals. This type of research is a qualitative study with a questionnaire as a data collection tools. The sample of this research was 38 people using purposive sampling technique. Data analysis method uses data triangulation. The results showed positive and significant results, so based on the triangulation of data that had been done it could be explained that PT FIF Central Malang had applied the concept of a learning organization in achieving company goals. These results are in line with research conducted by several previous studies that the concept of learning organization could positively and significantly affected to the performance improvement of an organization.
PROJETO PENSAR, CONECTAR E FAZER: O USO DAS TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS PARA A APRENDIZAGEM DA PROPORCIONALIDADE

Este artigo, considerando que as representações e comunicações possibilitadas pelas tecnologias digitais, trazem para a Educação Matemática uma variedade de formas de expressão e de perspectivas de trabalho em sala de aula, tem como objetivo analisar evidências do potencial das tecnologias utilizadas durante o projeto Pensar, Conectar e Fazer, para a aprendizagem de conceitos relacionados à proporcionalidade. O projeto realizado com 12 estudantes do 6° ano do Ensino Fundamental buscou promover a construção e a reflexão de conceitos Matemáticos a partir do uso de Recursos Educacionais Digitais (vídeos, softwares, simulações, aplicativos) e da produção colaborativa de materiais (vídeos, infográficos, textos argumentativos, dentre outros etc.). Os resultados trazem evidências de que as tecnologias contribuíram para o desenvolvimento da compreensão da proporcionalidade, por meio da visualização e da representação, da construção e produção de conhecimento e da significação.
Identification of airfoil polars from uncertain experimental measurements

Abstract. A new method is described to identify the aerodynamic characteristics of blade airfoils directly from operational data of the turbine. Improving on a previously published approach, the present method is based on a new maximum likelihood formulation that includes errors in both the outputs and the inputs, generalizing the classical error-in-the-outputs-only formulation. Since many parameters are necessary to meaningfully represent the behavior of airfoil polars as functions of angle of attack and Reynolds number, the approach uses a singular value decomposition to solve for a reduced set of observable parameters. The new method is demonstrated by identifying high-quality polars for small-scale wind turbines used in wind tunnel experiments for wake and wind farm control research.
Mapping the drivers of formaldehyde (HCHO) variability from 2015–2019 over eastern China: insights from FTIR observation and GEOS-Chem model simulation

Abstract. The major air pollutant emissions have decreased and the overall air quality has substantially improved across China in recent years as a consequence of active clean air policies for mitigating severe air pollution problems. As key precursors of formaldehyde (HCHO) and ozone (O3), the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in China are still increasing because current clean air policies lack mitigation measures for VOCs. In this study, we mapped the drivers of HCHO variability over eastern China using ground-based high-resolution Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry and GEOS-Chem model simulation. Diurnal, seasonal, and interannual variability of HCHO over eastern China was investigated and hydroxyl (OH) radical production from HCHO was evaluated. The relative contributions of emitted and photochemical sources to the observed HCHO were analysed by using ground level carbon monoxide (CO) and Ox (O3 + nitrogen oxide (NO2)) as tracers for emitted and photochemical HCHO, respectively. Contributions of various emission sectors and geographical transport to the observed HCHO summertime enhancements were determined by using a GEOS-Chem tagged-tracer simulation. The tropospheric HCHO volume mixing ratio (VMR) reached a maximum monthly mean value of (1.1 ± 0.27) ppbv in July and a minimum monthly mean value of (0.4 ± 0.11) ppbv in January. The tropospheric HCHO VMR time series from 2015–2019 shows a positive trend of (1.43 ± 0.14) % per yr. The photochemical HCHO is the dominant source of atmospheric HCHO over eastern China for most of the year (68.1 %). In the studied years, the HCHO photolysis was an important source of OH radical over eastern China during all sunlight hours of both summer and winter days. The anthropogenic emissions (fossil fuel + biofuel emissions) accounted for 31.96 % and the natural emissions (biomass burning + biogenic) accounted for 48.75 % of HCHO summertime enhancements. The observed HCHO summertime enhancements were largely attributed to the emissions within China (76.92 %), where eastern China dominated the contribution (46.24 %). The increased trend in HCHO in recent years was largely attributed to the increase in the HCHO precursors such as CH4 and nonmethane VOCs (NMVOCs). This study can provide an evaluation of recent VOC emissions and regional photochemical capacity in China. In addition, this study is also important for regulatory and control purposes and will help to improve urban air quality and contribute to the formation of new Chinese clean air policies in the future.
Air–sea fluxes and transfer velocity of CO2 over the North Sea: results from ASGAMAGE

The paper presents an analysis, performed at the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), of data obtained at a research platform 9 km off the Dutch coast within the framework of the air–sea gas exchange program ASGAMAGE†. The air–sea transfer velocity of CO 2 was determined directly, that is, by observing CO 2 fluxes and air–sea concentration differences simultaneously. CO 2 fluxes were determined by means of the eddy correlation technique. Special care was taken to avoid the effects water vapour on the CO 2 flux measurements. The air and water near the air–sea interface were treated as well-mixed with respect to CO 2 . The combination of flux and concentration data allowed the computation of the transfer velocity for CO 2 without recourse to other gases. Results for two observation periods, one with downward CO 2 fluxes (May) and one with upward CO 2 fluxes (October), are consistent. A relation with U N ,10 , the wind speed adjusted to a height of 10 m and neutral stratification, was determined for the pooled data from the two experimental phases. The relation found was: k 660 = 0.54U N,10 2 cm h −1 , with k 660 the CO 2 transfer velocity normalized to salt water (35‰) at a temperature of 20 °C, and U N ,10 in m s −1 . The 95% confidence interval of the coefficient extends from 0.46 to 0.63. No relations with other geophysical parameters could be found from the present data set. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0889.1999. t01-2-00005.x
Analytical procedures for the modelling of hopping transport in disordered semiconductors

The transient and steady-state electronic and optoelectronic properties of disordered semiconductors involve interactions of charge carriers with localized states distributed over a range of energies. Where the concentration of such states is sufficiently high, the transport mechanism can be dominated by hopping (quantum-mechanical tunnelling) transitions directly between them. In the analysis of the above situation, one easily applicable approach is to replace a continuous energy distribution with a 'ladder' of energetically discrete sets of traps. This can greatly simplify calculations, but a serious limitation is that the resulting properties depend extremely sensitively upon the slice width selected. In this letter, two variants of a new approach, based upon simple concepts of differential probability and detailed balance, and applicable to an arbitrary energy distribution of trapping centres, are introduced. The capabilities of the procedures are demonstrated by their application to the calculation of effective hopping rates in an exponential energy distribution of localized states. Finally, to illustrate the application of the techniques, the effective rates are coupled to the corresponding hopping distances. This allows the results to be employed (as a preliminary example) in the calculation of the time dependence of the transient photocurrent within an exponential band tail.
Robust watermarking scheme based LWT and SVD using artificial bee colony optimization

This paper presents a watermarking scheme for grayscale images, in which lifting wavelet transform and singular value decomposition are exploited based on multi-objective artificial bee colony optimization to produce a robust watermarking method. Furthermore, for increasing security encryption of the watermark is done prior to the embedding operation. In the proposed scheme, the actual image is altered to four sub-band over three levels of lifting wavelet transform then the singular value of the watermark image is embedded to the singular value of LH sub-band of the transformed original image. In the embedding operation, multiple scaling factors are utilized on behalf of the single scaling element to get the maximum probable robustness without changing watermark lucidity. Multi-objective artificial bee colony optimization is utilized for the determination of the optimal values for multiple scaling components, which are examined against various types of attacks. For making the proposed scheme more secure, the watermark is encrypted chaotically by logistic chaotic encryption before embedding it to the host (original) image. The experimental results show excellent imperceptibility and good resiliency against a wide range of image processing attacks.
Procedure to construct a multi-scale coarse-grained model of DNA-coated colloids from experimental data

We present a quantitative, multi-scale coarse-grained model of DNA coated colloids. The parameters of this model are transferable and are solely based on experimental data. As a test case, we focus on nano-sized colloids carrying single-stranded DNA of length comparable to the colloids' size. We show that in this regime, the common theoretical approach of assuming pairwise additivity of the colloidal pair interactions leads to quantitatively and sometimes even qualitatively wrong predictions of the phase behaviour of DNA-grafted colloids. Compared to experimental data, we find that our coarse-grained model correctly predicts the equilibrium structure and melting temperature of the formed solids. Due to limited experimental information on the persistence length of single-stranded DNA, some quantitative discrepancies are found in the prediction of spatial quantities. With the availability of better experimental data, the present approach provides a path for the rational design of DNA-functionalised building blocks that can self-assemble into complex, three-dimensional structures.