Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cyclical Government Spending: Theory and Empirics

I provide a thorough analysis of the presence of a systematic response of government spending to the cycle in a simple New Keynesian model. I show that it has important implications for the transmission of various shocks. I then exploit the gap between OLS and 2SLS government spending multipliers that is typically reported in the literature on local multiplier effects to estimate how cyclical the systematic part of government spending is. I use a GMM method for estimation and show that it is quick, simple and fares better than usual alternatives. I estimate that when unemployment increases by 1%, the systematic component of government spending increases by 0.23%. Additional results suggests that government spending multipliers reported in the literature slightly overestimate the true impact multiplier and are larger than medium-run cumulative ones.
Rationality in Antibiotic Use in Patients with Chronic Renal Insufficiency

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the clinical use of antibiotics in patients with chronic renal insufficiency in Guangdong General Hospital of People's Armed Polices so as to provide theoretic basis for improving clinical rational drug use.METHODS: The antibiotic use in patients with chronic renal insufficiency in our hospital from January 2009 to December 2010 were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS: In the total 139 cases reviewed,the doses for 86 awaited adjusting,and the doses in only 37.2%(32/86) have been adjusted,of whom,the patients whose creatinine clearance rate(Ccr) was 10 mL·min-1 took the lead with 51.7%. CONCLUSION: Most of the physicians have the knowledge that the doses of antibiotics for patients with chronic renal insufficiency should be adjusted based on patients' renal function;however,the propaganda and learning about the knowledge of antibiotics remains to be intensified.
Cross-Family Similarity Learning for Cognate Identification in Low-Resource Languages

We address the problem of cognate identification across vocabulary pairs of any set of languages. In particular, we focus on the case where the examined pair of languages are low-resource to the extent that no training data whatsoever in these languages, or even closely related ones, are available for the task. We investigate the extent to which training data from another, unrelated language family can be used instead. Our approach consists of learning a similarity metric from example cognates in Indo-European languages and applying it to low-resource Sami languages of the Uralic family. We apply two models following previous work: a Siamese convolutional neural network (S-CNN) and a support vector machine (SVM), and compare them with a Levenshtein-distance baseline. We test performance on three Sami languages and find that the S-CNN outperforms the other approaches, suggesting that it is better able to learn such general characteristics of cognateness that carry over across language families. We also experiment with fine-tuning the S-CNN model with data from within the language family in order to quantify how well this model can make use of a small amount of target-domain data to adapt.
Semantic Role Labeling with Pretrained Language Models for Known and Unknown Predicates

We build the first full pipeline for semantic role labelling of Russian texts. The pipeline implements predicate identification, argument extraction, argument classification (labeling), and global scoring via integer linear programming. We train supervised neural network models for argument classification using Russian semantically annotated corpus – FrameBank. However, we note that this resource provides annotations only to a very limited set of predicates. We combat the problem of annotation scarcity by introducing two models that rely on different sets of features: one for “known” predicates that are present in the training set and one for “unknown” predicates that are not. We show that the model for “unknown” predicates can alleviate the lack of annotation by using pretrained embeddings. We perform experiments with various types of embeddings including the ones generated by deep pretrained language models: word2vec, FastText, ELMo, BERT, and show that embeddings generated by deep pretrained language models are superior to classical shallow embeddings for argument classification of both “known” and “unknown” predicates.
Structural Approach to Enhancing WordNet with Conceptual Frame Semantics

This paper outlines procedures for enhancing WordNet with conceptual information from FrameNet. The mapping of the two resources is non-trivial. We define a number of techniques for the validation of the consistency of the mapping and the extension of its coverage which make use of the structure of both resources and the systematic relations between synsets in WordNet and between frames in FrameNet, as well as between synsets and frames). We present a case study on causativity, a relation which provides enhancement complementary to the one using hierarchical relations, by means of linking in a systematic way large parts of the lexicon. We show how consistency checks and denser relations may be implemented on the basis of this relation. We, then, propose new frames based on causative-inchoative correspondences and in conclusion touch on the possibilities for defining new frames based on the types of specialisation that takes place from parent to child synset.
Energy Balanced Two-level Clustering for Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks based on the Gravitational Search Algorithm

Organizing sensor nodes in clusters is an effective method for energy preservation in a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Throughout this research work we present a novel hybrid clustering scheme that combines a typical gradient clustering protocol with an evolutionary optimization method that is mainly based on the Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA). The proposed scheme aims at improved performance over large in size networks, where classical schemes in most cases lead to non-efficient solutions. It first creates suitably balanced multihop clusters, in which the sensors energy gets larger as coming closer to the cluster head (CH). In the next phase of the proposed scheme a suitable protocol based on the GSA runs to associate sets of cluster heads to specific gateway nodes for the eventual relaying of data to the base station (BS). The fitness function was appropriately chosen considering both the distance from the cluster heads to the gateway nodes and the remaining energy of the gateway nodes, and it was further optimized in order to gain more accurate results for large instances. Extended experimental measurements demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of the presented approach over very large WSNs, as well as its superiority over other known clustering approaches presented in the literature.
Detecting Clitics Related Orthographic Errors in Turkish

For the spell correction task, vocabulary based methods have been replaced with methods that take morphological and grammar rules into account. However, such tools are fairly immature, and, worse, non-existent for many low resource languages. Checking only if a word is well-formed with respect to the morphological rules of a language may produce false negatives due to the ambiguity resulting from the presence of numerous homophonic words. In this work, we propose an approach to detect and correct the “de/da” clitic errors in Turkish text. Our model is a neural sequence tagger trained with a synthetically constructed dataset consisting of positive and negative samples. The model’s performance with this dataset is presented according to different word embedding configurations. The model achieved an F1 score of 86.67% on a synthetically constructed dataset. We also compared the model’s performance on a manually curated dataset of challenging samples that proved superior to other spelling correctors with 71% accuracy compared to the second-best (Google Docs) with and accuracy of 34%.
About the Black Hole Information Paradox: A Review of S. W. Hawking, Information Loss in Black Holes, hep-th/0507171

The information paradox of black holes was raised in 1975 by S. W. Hawking. His argument was based on the fact that particle emission from a black hole, so called the Hawking radiation, cannot convey any information from its interior region. This problem has no definite solution even now. This year Hawking submitted a paper in which he investigates this problem of information loss in black hole from the view point of quantum gravity using Euclidean path integrals in asymptotically anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetimes. As a result, it is shown that the path integration over topologically trivial metrics are unitary and information preserving. It implies that quantum gravity preserves information. I will review this paper introducing some key ingredients of his argument.
Biorthogonal wavelet bases for solving time-dependent PDEs

We consider numerical methods for solving time-dependent PDEs using biorthogonal wavelet bases adapted to differential operators. We demonstrate how operator-adapted wavelets provide diagonal stiffness matrices and can supply efficient algorithms for solving linear and nonlinear PDEs. We outline constructive methods to obtain wavelets adapted both to monomial differential operators and to sum of differential operators with constant coefficients. We introduce an original approach to construct wavelets, that form biorthogonal bases on an interval, adapted to monomial differential operators. These wavelets allow one to satisfy homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. A generalization of interval wavelets adapted to sums of differential operators is discussed. Using operatoradapted wavelets we present a method that avoids the inversion of operator (matrix) in the left-hand side of implicit time-integration numerical schemes. Several numerical examples of solving time-dependent PDEs illustrate the discussed approaches. In particular, numerical examples demonstrate the stability of the implicit time-integration schemes versus the explicit ones. Résumé On considère des méthodes de solutions numériques pour des équations aux dérivées partielles (EDP) d’évolution au moyen d’ondelettes biorthogonales adaptées. On montre comment les ondelettes adaptées aux opérateurs différentiels produisent des matrices de rigidité diagonales et produisent des méthodes efficaces pour résoudres des EDP linéaires et non linéaires. On décrit une méthode de construction d’ondelettes adaptées aux opérateurs différentiels monomiaux ou à des sommes d’opérateurs à coefficients constants. On introduit une nouvelle façon de construire des bases d’ondelettes biorthogonales adaptées sur un Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, 585 King Edward Ave., Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada, E-mail: remi@uottawa.ca Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics of Solids, Institute of Continuum Mechanics of RAS, 1, Acad. Korolyov Street, 614013, Perm, Russia, E-mail: victor@icmm.ru 1 intervalle pour des opérateurs monomiaux aux conditions aux limites de Dirichlet homogènes. L’emploi d’ondelettes adaptées élimine le besoin d’invertir les opérateurs matriciels du premier membre des schémas d’intégration implicites. On illustre la méthode par la résolution numérique d’exemples d’EDP d’évolution. On compare la stabilité numérique des méthodes implicites et des méthodes explicites.
Who Wants a Coup? A List Experiment in Turkey

The failed coup in Turkey in 2016 highlighted the importance of public support for a military takeover. Why do some coups enjoy public support while others do not? This paper presents a new theory for when the opposition will support a coup, hypothesizing that they should oppose a coup if they believe that: (1) they can win in elections, (2) the military will not appoint the opposition to power, or (3) a coup will increase sympathy for the ruling party. This paper then tests this theory through an original list experiment of 820 Turkish citizens gauging their support for the 2016 coup attempt. Results suggest that Turkish citizens may have opposed the coup as a result of these strategic, political considerations about the best pathways to power. ∗Postdoctoral fellow at Brookings (sgrewal@brookings.edu). Survey approved through Princeton IRB #7855. I thank Kim Guiler and Matthew Cebul for jointly fielding the survey in Turkey and for helpful feedback. I also thank Holger Albrecht, Risa Brooks, Erica de Bruin, Ekrem Karakoç, Kemal Kirişci and participants at the 2018 APSA conference for useful questions and comments.
Bacterial Diversity of the Gut of Cotinis nitida

The diversity and ecological variety of Holometabola, partly mediated through their developmental biology, makes them sources for a wide array of dynamic relationships with bacteria. A review of the literature reveals that holometabolous hosts rely primarily on facultative (apparently non-host-dependent) organisms to carry out essential or important roles. The driving forces behind this relationship can be partly understood through the nature of transmission in Holometabola, including host morphology and reproductive behavior. The predominance of facultative organisms over obligates can also be explained by the various services provided by their symbionts, including nutrition, immune system health, and development. The diversity of Holometabola in the context of bacterial symbiosis can consequently be elucidated through a comparison of obligate (host-dependent) versus facultative partnerships.
Unsupervised Data Augmentation for Less-Resourced Languages with no Standardized Spelling

Building representative linguistic resources and NLP tools for non-standardized languages is challenging: when spelling is not determined by a norm, multiple written forms can be encountered for a given word, inducing a large proportion of out-of-vocabulary words. To embrace this diversity, we propose a methodology based on crowdsourced alternative spellings we use to extract rules applied to match OOV words with one of their spelling variants. This virtuous process enables the unsupervised augmentation of multi-variant lexicons without expert rule definition. We apply this multilingual methodology on Alsatian, a French regional language and provide an intrinsic evaluation of the correctness of the variants pairs, and an extrinsic evaluation on a downstream task. We show that in a low-resource scenario, 145 inital pairs can lead to the generation of 876 additional variant pairs, and a diminution of OOV words improving the part-of-speech tagging performance by 1 to 4%.
Named Entity Recognition in Information Security Domain for Russian

In this paper we discuss the named entity recognition task for Russian texts related to cybersecurity. First of all, we describe the problems that arise in course of labeling unstructured texts from information security domain. We introduce guidelines for human annotators, according to which a corpus has been marked up. Then, a CRF-based system and different neural architectures have been implemented and applied to the corpus. The named entity recognition systems have been evaluated and compared to determine the most efficient one.
Manifestations of Systemic Lupus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, multifaceted autoimmune inflammatory disease that can affect any part of the body. SLE is a disease of unknown aetiology with a variety of presenting features and manifestations. Interest in the disease has been stimulated in recent years, and improved methods of diagnosis have resulted in a significant increase in the number of cases recognized. It is apparent that it can no longer be regarded as a rare disease. The majority of the pathology in SLE is related to deposits of immune complexes in various organs, which triggers complement and other mediators of inflammation. Symptoms vary from person to person, and may come and go, depend on what part of the body is affected, can be mild, moderate, or severe. Diagnosis can be difficult because lupus mimics many other diseases; it requires clinical and serologic criteria.
Hypoxemia and oxygen saturation by pulse oximeter

本研究はあらかじめ当施設倫理委員会の承認を得て 行われた後ろ向き調査である。 当院集中治療室では, パルスオキシメーターはMasimo SET sensor LNOP® シ リ ー ズ( マ シ モ 社 ),血 液 ガ ス 測 定 機 器 は RADIOMETER ABL825 FLEX®(ラジオメーター社) を 使 用 し て い る。 動 脈 血 液 ガ ス 分 析 で は,pH, PaCO2,PaO2,オ キ シ メ ト リ ー と し てHb,Ht, FO2Hb,FCOHb,FHHb,FMetHbを測定し,SaO2は SaO2 (%)=FO2Hb/(FO2Hb+FHHb)と算出され る。 2008年1月1日から2010年12月31日まで当院集中 治療室に入室した全患者の血液ガス検査結果を患者情 報管理システムより抽出し,このうち20歳以上で, SaO2≧85%かつPaO2≦100 mmHgのデータを調査 した。 血液ガス分析の時刻,およびその1分前,2分前, 3分前のSpO2値を抽出し,この平均値を採血と同時刻 のSpO2値と定義し,SpO2を93%と95%で区切り, SaO2値と比較した。 明らかにノイズやアーチファク トによると思われるデータ,およびSpO2値と乖離が 著しく静脈血採血と考えられるデータは除外した。 データは平均値±標準偏差で表した。
An Audit of Cardiac Mortality Due to Acute Myocardial Infarction at a Tertiary Institution in the Southwestern Region of Trinidad and Tobago

Objective: This study aims to identify the profile of patients who died from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) during hospital admission in southwest Trinidad. Methods: This retrospective descriptive study was done using the death register of the San Fernando General Hospital (SFGH) during the period 2011 and 2012. Confirmed cases of AMI were selected based on the American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines 2011 or 2013. Relevant information on patient’s profile, risks for ischaemic heart disease (IHD), clinical presentation and treatment were analysed using SPSS version 19 software. Results: Males accounted for 56.3% and females 43.8% of AMI deaths. East Indians were predominantly affected with an East Indian:African:Mixed ratio of 5:1:2. The mean age was 68.6 years and 72.8 years for males and females, respectively. The combination of diabetes mellitus and hypertension was responsible for most (52.5%) AMI deaths. Patients who were not diabetic, hypertensive, smoking nor hypercholesterolaemic accounted for six (7.5%) of the total deaths (4 = East Indians, 2 = Mixed). One death occurred in the emergency department while the rest occurred in the ward; 44% of deaths occurred within 48 hours. Non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) accounted for 70.0% and STEMI for 30.0% of AMI deaths. Five (20.8%) of the 24 STEMI patients received thrombolytic treatment on arrival to the casualty department. Conclusion: Deaths occurred predominantly among males of East Indian descent at a mean age of 70 years. The East Indian:African mortality ratio was 5:1. Patients suffered mainly from diabetes mellitus, hypertension or a combination of both.
Mit Wasser gegen Kopfschmerzen und Migräne

Zusammenfassung Nicht nur bei Herz-Kreislauf-Krankheiten, auch in der Schmerzbehandlung und speziell bei Kopfschmerzen und Migräne stellen hydrotherapeutische Maßnahmen eine wertvolle Option in einer ganzheitlich-naturheilkundlichen Therapie dar. Im Rahmen der Ordnungstherapie eingesetzt verbessert sie − als typisches Regulationsverfahren − die Funktion und Regulation des vegetativen Nervensystems und trägt so zur Normalisierung des Muskeltonus und der Durchblutung bei. Damit können − mit relativ geringem Aufwand − nicht nur die medikamentösen und anderen nicht medikamentösen Maßnahmen ergänzt und verstärkt, sondern auch die Selbsthilfefähigkeit der betroffenen Patienten wirksam unterstützt werden.
Foutieve resultaten van veneuze bloedafname in het klinisch laboratorium

Faulty clinical laboratory results Despite the high quality performance of numerous clinical laboratories, laboratory errors still exert negative effects on patient outcome. Many pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical variables which are frequently beyond the control of the laboratory, can influence the final results. Most of the identifiable errors can be traced in the pre-analytical phase: incorrect patient identification, inadequate phlebotomy technique, improper sample handling. During the analytical phase, assay interference can have a considerable effect on the results, but may remain difficult to identify. Inaccuracy of reference values can constitute an important post-analytical problem causing an incorrect interpretation of the laboratory data
Performance Measurement System in Higher Educational Institutions in Malaysia: An Exploratory Study of the Implementation of Balanced Scorecard

High budget allocations for higher educational institutions have increased the responsibility and accountability of these institutions to their stakeholders. Hence issues of performance measurement and accountability have become very crucial for these institutions. It is necessary for the institutions to examine their performance measurement system to achieve organizational excellence. Traditional systems focusing on financial measures only will not suffice and thus the institutions should focus on strategic performance measurement systems including financial and non-financial perspectives. This study aims to examine the type of performance measurement system used by the faculty/department of accountancy in higher educational institutions in Malaysia. The findings of this preliminary study revealed that the perceptions of the responding institutions were in favour of a strategic performance measurement system. However the findings also showed that the institutions were not implementing their performance measurement system in a strategic manner.
Factors modulating tRNA biogenesis and function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

II Abbreviations . III Papers in this thesis . V Introduction . 1 1. Translation . 1 1.1 Translation initiation and elongation . 1 1.2 Translation termination and recycling . 3 1.3 Readthrough of stop codons . 3 1.4 Polyamines . 4 1.5 Messenger RNA-binding proteins . 6 2. Transfer RNA . 7 2.1 Maturation of the 5’ leader and 3’ trailer of precursor tRNA . 7 2.2 tRNA shuttling and splicing . 7 2.3 Modified nucleosides in tRNA . 10 2.4 Wobble uridine modifications . 12 2.5 The Elongator complex . 13 2.6 Phenotypes of Elongator mutants . 15 2.7 Proteins influencing Elongator activity . 16 2.8 Elongator complex and human disease . 17 Results and discussion . 18 Conclusions . 24 Acknowledgements . 25 References . 26