Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The early labour-market returns to upper secondary qualifications track in England

We explore the early labour-market returns to following the academic track (such as A levels) rather than the vocational track (for example, NVQs) in upper secondary education in England. England is an interesting country case because students are ‘free to choose’ which upper secondary track they follow, unlike to many other European countries where standardised tests and teachers’ recommendations play a much larger role. We draw on data from the longitudinal survey Next Steps and register data from the National Pupil Database. We consider occupational social class and net disposable income at age 25 as early labour-market outcomes to explore to what extent the upper secondary qualification track has a net influence on them, controlling for pre-track measured ability, relevant socio-demographic characteristics and higher education participation. Our results show that following the academic track in upper secondary education is associated with higher chances of being employed in a service class occupation at age 25, compared to those with vocational upper secondary qualifications or no upper secondary qualifications at all. Subsequent participation in (prestigious) universities further improves the chances of service class membership. Interestingly, there does not seem to be a differentiated effect of following the academic rather than the vocational track by socio-economic status, except for those that did not subsequently attend university. Unlike access to service class occupations, we find no net effect of upper secondary track on disposable income at age 25 after controlling for prior attainment at GCSE and subsequent participation in higher education.Key messagesWe explore the early labour market returns to following the academic and the vocational track in upper secondary school in England.Following the academic track is associated with higher chances of being employed in a service class occupation, and further improved if attending university.Unlike access to service class occupations, we find no net effect of upper secondary track on disposable income.
Ethics in the GDPR: A Blueprint for Applied Legal Theory

Ethics is seen as a critical resource for data law. But beyond this almost slogan-like truism, the exact functions which ethics might play in data law are often left unclear. This contribution clarifies the ways in which data ethics and data law are intertwined and, on this basis, offers guidelines for practitioners in terms of interpreting the GDPR. Two types of norms allow for modulation between the law and ethics of data. The first type of norms is the ‘principles’ of the GDPR. Ethical resources can be used for the interpretation of these norms using a Rawlsian reflective equilibrium approach. The second type of norms is evaluative judgment norms, the most well-known of which derive from the characteristically risk-based responsibility that the GDPR bestows on controllers. For these evaluative norms, ethical resources could be used in three different functions: as a tool for the identification and assessment of risks, as a resource for improving data controller processes, and as the basis for the codes of conduct foreseen by the GDPR. These three potential modulations between ethics and the law of data help controllers of data make sense of their responsibilities in light of the GDPR’s requirements.
Age and Gender in Relation to Colorectal Cancer in Najef Province: A Histopathological Study

Colorectal cancer (CRC), which is also referred to colorectal adenocarcinoma, occurs when the growth of cells goes out of control in the colon or rectum. A number of histological colorectal carcinoma are listed, such as mucinous, signet ring cell, and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. The present study included fifty tissue blocks (16 females and 34 males) of patient groups with CRC and thirty five tissue blocks of colon tissue (ulcerative colitis) which were used as control group. The mean age of patients group was 51.4416.67 years. The majority of patients with colonic carcinoma were above the age of 40, accounting for 80%, while 20% of cases were below the age of 40 years. A recto-sigmoid location is the most common site for colonic tumors accounting for 60%. Grade of tumor was well differentiated in 56%, and the following features were observed: The tissue appears with multi-layering, back to back arrangement (little intervening stroma), loss of polarity, loss of goblet cells, and invasion of stroma and presence of nuclear criteria of malignancy: hyperchromatism, high N/C ratio visible nucleoli and abnormal mitosis. The present results also showed that in grade I lesion, most of tumor retains glandular pattern, moderately differentiated in 28%, and tumor is nearly equally composed of glandular and solid patterns. However the poorly differentiated was 16% with same cellular criteria of malignancy but almost all the tumor was composed of solid areas. The present findings divided the stage of tumor patients into: 22% stage I; 66% stage II, and 12% stage III.
Museums as agents and settings for climate hope

Despite the uneven distribution of the impacts of climate change, much of the World’s population commonly encounters climate change evidence either directly or indirectly. For many, the dread of a slow-onset disaster of such proportions can be overwhelming. As the emotional effects of climate change appear across society, some people are driven to action, some to inaction or paralysis. Museums could be key agents in turning these emotions into action and hope, but the work is new and the research uneven. The author describes her experience of the intersection of museum work and public emotions on climate change by exploring climate change psychology, museum-public engagement through exhibits, suitability of museums for climate-emotion work, and the potential for alternative museum approaches such as programming partnerships to create hope and foster action. She recommends research questions for the museum sector, and programmatic approaches for museums exploring support services for a public moving from grief and anxiety or despair, to hope.
Nitridation Isothermal Kinetics of In Situ β-Sialon Bonded Al2O3-C Refractories

The kinetics of in-situ β- Sialon bonded Al2O3-C (SAC) refractories were investigated by TGA techniques via isothermal nitridation experiments at different temperatures. The result show that the nitridation process of in-situ β-Sialon bonded Al2O3-C refractories can be divided into two stages: the nitridation reaction rate controlling stage in the first 10 min, and the apparent activation energy of nitridation reaction is 370 kJ/mol ; then the reaction is controlled by both chemical reaction and diffusion rate in the following 110 min, the apparent activation energy of nitridation reaction is 410 kJ/mol.
Long-Term Impact of Study Abroad on Sustainability-Related Attitudes and Behaviors

Using study abroad as a vehicle for sustainable education is a growing trend. However, an examination of the impact of study abroad on participants’ sustainability-related attitudes and behaviors years after their programs is scarce. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore how a short-term sustainability themed study abroad program impacted students’ sustainability-related attitudes and behaviors. Since long-term personal development and change of attitudes are complex and multidimensional, a qualitative approach was used allowing participants to share their experiences and reflections on the process of learning and internalizing sustainability. A total of 31 study abroad participants were interviewed (20 to 33 years of age) and a grounded theory method was used throughout the study. Participants’ behavioral changes were identified, and the specific study abroad program designs that were associated with such changes were identified and discussed. The three behavioral changes identified by the participants were lifestyle, professional development, and responsible travel behaviors. The effective program design elements include emotion, cognition, and action. Furthermore, the findings suggested revisions to the Value–Belief–Norm model in that more motives should be added whereas, weight of responsibility might need to be reevaluated. This study contributes to the educational tourism and sustainability literature with practical implications for program design, and a better understanding of students’ long-term learning outcomes regarding sustainability.
Do We ‘Laugh’ or ‘La8gh’? Early Print Knowledge and Its Relation to Learning to Read in English and French

ABSTRACT Models of reading development point to a role for knowledge about the orthography quite late in children’s reading development; here we explore the contributions of early orthographic knowledge – of the features of print – to word reading development between kindergarten and Grade 1. We did so in a longitudinal study of 93 emergent bilingual children whose formal instruction was in French, a different language than they spoke at home, followed from senior kindergarten to Grade 1. Linear regression analyses showed that early print knowledge in both English and French significantly predicted French word reading in Grade 1; no such relations emerged to English word reading. Analyses included control measures of parental education and English vocabulary, phonological awareness, rapid automatized naming, and autoregressive controls of earlier word reading. These results suggest that print knowledge can be used to predict progress in second language word reading in emergent bilingual children.
How Managers Maintain Control Through Collaborative Repair: Evidence from Platform-Mediated “Gigs”

This paper develops a new understanding about how “client managers”—those using platform labor markets to hire and manage workers—attempt to maintain control when managing skilled contractors. We conducted an inductive field study analyzing interactions between client managers and contractors in software development “gigs” mediated by a platform labor market. The platform provided multiple tools client managers could use for control, including in response to unexpected events. We found that, when managers used the tools to exert coercive control over contractors acting unexpectedly, it backfired and contributed to uncompleted project outcomes. In contrast, when they refrained from using the tools for coercive control in such circumstances and instead engaged in what we call collaborative repair, their actions contributed to completed project outcomes. Collaborative repair refers to interactions that surface misaligned interpretations of a situation and help parties negotiate new, reciprocal expectations that restore trust and willingness to continue an exchange. Client managers’ attempts at collaborative repair yielded fuller understanding of project-related breakdowns and shared investment in new expectations, facilitating effective control and completed projects. This study extends prior theories of control by characterizing the new client manager role created by platforms and demonstrating how initiating repair is integral for managers’ capacity to accomplish control in these comparatively brittle work relationships.
A review on manipulation skill acquisition through teleoperation-based learning from demonstration

Manipulation skill learning and generalisation have gained increasing attention due to the wide applications of robot manipulators and the spurt of robot learning techniques. Especially, the learning from demonstration method has been exploited widely and successfully in the robotic community, and it is regarded as a promising direction to realise the manipulation skill learning and generalisation. In addition to the learning techniques, the immersive teleoperation enables the human to operate a remote robot with an intuitive interface and achieve the telepresence. Thus, it is a promising way to transfer manipulation skills from humans to robots by combining the learning methods and teleoperation, and adapting the learned skills to different tasks in new situations. This review, therefore, aims to provide an overview of immersive teleoperation for skill learning and generalisation to deal with complex manipulation tasks. To this end, the key technologies, for example, manipulation skill learning, multimodal interfacing for teleoperation and telerobotic control, are introduced. Then, an overview is given in terms of the most important applications of immersive teleoperation platform for robot skill learning. Finally, this survey discusses the remaining open challenges and promising research topics.
Etude ab initio des glaces d'ammoniac fluoré et hydraté sous conditions thermodynamiques extrêmes

Nous nous proposons d'explorer les proprietes structurales et vibrationnelles de la glace d'ammoniac en presence de fluor et d'eau sur une large gamme de pression et de temperature. Ces solides moleculaires et ioniques sont des ideaux afin d'etudier les quatre liaisons hydrogene les plus importantes O-H.O, N-H.N, O-H.N et N-H.F et le mecanisme de transfert de proton le long de ces liaisons. Bien que ces melanges soient composes de molecules simples, ils sont omnipresents dans l'univers et en particulier a l'interieur des planetes geantes glacees (Neptune, Uranus) et de leurs satellites (Titan, Ganymede), ce qui a motive leur exploration sous haute condition de pression et de temperature. Nous utilisons plusieurs methodes ab initio afin d'etudier le diagramme de phase de deux cristaux, le fluorure d'ammonium (NH4F) et l'ammoniac monohydrate (NH3.H2O). Apres avoir predit plusieurs structures cristallographiques a 0 K, nous avons pu nous consacrer aux calculs de spectres Raman et infrarouge ainsi qu'a la prise en compte des effets de desordre et dynamique en utilisant la methode de la dynamique moleculaire ab initio. Nos resultats ont ensuite ete compares a ceux issus des experiences sous enclumes de diamant. Nous avons decouvert une transition de type ordre-desordre au sein de NH4F et un diagramme de phase tres similaire au diagramme de phase de l'eau. Enfin, nous avons demontre que des conditions thermodynamiques relativement douces etaient suffisantes afin de transformer le melange NH3.H2O en un cristal exotique ou coexiste des molecules d'ammoniac et d'eau avec des ions hydroxyde et ammonium.
Effect of imbibition treatments on the germination of Stenocereus zopilotensis (Cactaceae) native from Guerrero, Mexico

The prickly pear cactus “tuna pelona” (Stenocereus zopilotensis), is an endemic cactus species from the state of Guerrero, Mexico, it develops in semi-arid areas and has great ecological importance as it houses and forms part of the diet of multiple species in its niche. There is a constant threat to natural populations of this species due to the overexploitation of seedling collections in the f ield by unregulated trade. In order to design an alternative for the conservation management of these species, the objective of the work was to evaluate treatments for the imbibition of “hairless tuna” seeds to promote germination and the successful establishment of seedlings with economic technologies for the farmers of the area. Fruits of "tuna pelona" (S. zopilotensis) were collected, near the community of Xalitla, municipality of Tepecoacuilco de Trujano, Guerrero; the seeds were stored for 70 and 273 days after collection (dac) at room temperature in order to maintain adequate conditions for the conservation of viability until reaching dormancy. In the stored seeds, the effect of soaking treatments was evaluated: 0, 6, 12, 24 and 12 hours in water plus another treatment that consisted of immersion in a plant-based hormonal stimulant. The germination percentage per treatment was evaluated, it was found that the control treatment (zero hours in water) of seeds stored at 70 dac only obtained 2.4% of germination. The treatment of soaking in water and in the hormonal stimulant both for 6 h presented the highest germination values with 48.6 and 44.4% respectively when using seeds of 273 dac at 14 days after the application of the treatments. These results will allow the massive production of seedlings of the species for reforestation and regional marketing purposes.
The dynamics of anticoccidial drug usage in poultry within Umuahia, Abia state, Nigeria

Publication History: Received: 13-06-2020 Accepted: 14-09-2020 Abstract Coccidiosis is one of the most important parasitic diseases of poultry worldwide. Chemotherapy remains the principal means to control this disease albeit the increasing problems of drug resistance. The aim of this study was to examine the drug usage of anticoccidials in the six communities of Umuahia, Abia state. Data such as type, class and composition of drugs used, level and frequency of usage, route of administration and anticoccidial program adopted by different farms were collected from 85 poultry farms within the study region. Results showed that the ionophores anticoccidials were not in use whereas the sulphonamides constituted the bulk of the drugs used (79.3%). Others were; thiamine analogue (21.1%), aminopyrimidine (33.7%), guanidine (14.4%), pyrimidine derivative (15.1%) and nitroimidazol (8.6%). Most of the drugs (>60) contained vitamin A and K. The most popular drug combinations were sulphaquinoxaline and diveradine with vitamin A and K (Embazine Forte) among thirteen trade-marked drugs under use. Close to 25.0% of farms practiced shuttle program and the rest continuous program of administration. Anticoccidials were administered through in-water medication for prophylactic and therapeutic use, and for both in the different farm applications in 43.5, 27.7 and 31.8 (%) respectively. The lack of usage of the ionophores and the massive use of sulphonamides coupled with low application of the right anticoccidial programs in this region presents a serious danger of anticoccidial resistance with consequent high prevalence of the disease.
Optimal heterogeneous search and rescue asset location modeling for expected spatiotemporal demands using historic event data

Abstract The United States Coast Guard is charged with coordinating all search and rescue missions in maritime regions within the United States’ purview. Given the size of the Pacific Ocean and limited available resources, the service seeks to posture its fleet of organic assets to reduce the expected response time for such missions. Leveraging 7.5 years of historic event records for the region of interest, we demonstrate a two-stage solution approach. In the first stage, we develop a stochastic zonal distribution model to evaluate spatiotemporal trends for emergency event rates and response strategies. In the second stage, results from the aforementioned analysis enable parameterization of a bi-objective MILP to identify the best locations to station limited heterogeneous search and rescue assets. This research models both 50th and 75th percentile forecast demands across both the set of current homeports, and a larger set of feasible basing locations. Results provide a minimum 9.6% decrease in expected response time over current asset basing. Our analysis also reveals that positioning assets to respond to 75th percentile demands sacrifices, at most, 2.5% in response time during median demand months, whereas positioning for median demand results in operationally inadequate response capability when 75th percentile demands are encountered.
The Effect of Ulnar Deviation Orthosis in Patients with Zigzag Deformity Due to Rheumatoid Hand

ABSTRACT Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is known as a chronic and multisystem disease accompanied by synovial inflammation leading to deformities such as finger ulnar deviation and pain, as well as functional difficulties. Thus, a conservative treatment in this domain includes orthoses, that is, features added to the body that aim to correct deformity, reduce pain, and finally improve functionality. Objective The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to evaluate the effect of ulnar deviation orthosis in patients with zigzag deformity due to RA. Material and Methods In total, 12 participants with RA were measured two times: before the start of orthosis use and after 4 weeks of use. The rate of pain, grip strength, and upper-limb function were also measured using a visual analog scale, the Jamar Hydraulic Hand Dynamometer, and the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Questionnaire, respectively. Results After 4 weeks of orthosis use, it was found that the scores of pain (P = 0.03), upper-limb function (P = 0.008), and grip strength had significantly improved in the hands treated over time. Conclusion The use of an ulnar deviation orthosis by patients with RA could reduce hand pain, improve grip strength, and promote upper-limb function.
Hydrodynamics of Prey Capture and Transportation in Choanoflagellates

Choanoflagellates are unicellular microscopic organisms that are believed to be the closest living relatives of animals. They prey on bacteria through the act of the continuous beating of their flagellum, which generates a current through a crown-like filter. Subsequently, the filter retains bacterial particles from the suspension. The mechanism by which the prey is retained and transported along the filter remains unknown. We report here on the hydrodynamic effects on the transportability of bacterial prey of finite size using computational fluid dynamics. Here, the loricate choanoflagellate Diaphaoneca grandis serves as the model organism. The lorica is a basket-like structure found in only some of the species of choanoflagellates. We find that although transportation does not entirely rely on hydrodynamic forces, such forces positively contribute to the transportation of prey along the collar filter. The aiding effects are most possible in non-loricate choanoflagellate species, as compared to loricate species. As hydrodynamic effects are strongly linked to the beat and shape of the flagellum, our results indicate an alternative mechanism for prey transportation, especially in biological systems where having an active transport mechanism is costly or not feasible. This suggests an additional potential role for flagella in addition to providing propulsion and generating feeding currents.
Mobility Choices—An Instrument for Precise Automatized Travel Behavior Detection & Analysis

Within the Mobility Choices (MC) project we have developed an app that allows users to record their travel behavior and encourages them to try out new means of transportation that may better fit their preferences. Tracks explicitly released by the users are anonymized and can be analyzed by authorized institutions. For recorded tracks, the freely available app automatically determines the segments with their transportation mode; analyzes the track according to the criteria environment, health, costs, and time; and indicates alternative connections that better fit the criteria, which can individually be configured by the user. In the second step, the users can edit their tracks and release them for further analysis by authorized institutions. The system is complemented by a Web-based analysis program that helps authorized institutions carry out specific evaluations of traffic flows based on the released tracks of the app users. The automatic transportation mode detection of the system reaches an accuracy of 97%. This requires only minimal corrections by the user, which can easily be done directly in the app before releasing a track. All this enables significantly more accurate surveys of transport behavior than the usual time-consuming manual (non-automated) approaches, based on questionnaires.