Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Shape Memory Alloys

Shape Memory Alloys include a wide range of various materials. These materials exhibit unique properties including thermal (shape memory effect) and mechanical (pseudoelasticity) memory, whereas both these characteristics depend on the martensitic phase transformation and diffusion-free transformation of the solid state. One of the main reasons is their attractiveness due to shape memory and pseudoelastic properties, excellent biocompability and high corrosive resistance. The most attention (even today) goes to Ni-Ti and Ni-Ti-Me systems, where Me represents another alloying element. This book covers mainly Ni-Ti based materials. Alloys from these systems have characteristic features of long-range structure, thermoelastic martensite and crystallographic reversible phase transformations. This book is focused on fabrication, conventional as well as non-conventional forming techniques. Among others there are stated methods for transformation temperatures measurement and evaluation of microstructural characteristic.
A Review on Climate Change and its Impact on Agriculture in India

Agriculture sector is of the utmost importance to the economy of a country and incidentally it is also most vulnerable to global climate change. Climate change is taking a toll on India’s agricultural production and productivity. Intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC) has projected that by the end of 21 century temperature in India is likely to increase by 3-4C which would lead to a loss of 3-26% in net agricultural revenues. Aggravated climatic factors will ultimately decline plant productivity, which will result in increased prices and unaffordable rates for the common population. The absence of mitigation and adaptation measures may result in lower farm income by 12-40% in the coming years. This issue is an important concern for livelihood, economic development and ensuring food and job security of an agrarian nation like India. The causes that ultimately are contributing to increase in greenhouse gases, deterioration of soil and water ecology must be Review Article Kumari et al.; CJAST, 39(44): 58-74, 2020; Article no.CJAST. 63769 59 identified and rectified. Crop productivity in the countries of southern hemisphere is expected to decrease by as much as 20 per cent, with less developed countries suffering the greatest negative effects according to IPCC report 2007. Hence, adaptation to current agricultural scenario must be undertaken at once to avoid the risks incurred and tackle complications arising due to global climate change. How quickly Indian farmers are able to adjust in their farming practices to adapt to climate change and what policies or technologies will enable rapid adaptation are issues that merit attention of everyone. However, a rapid adaptation is less possible in a developing country like India, where availability to information and capital is limited among the majority of farmers.
New indexes for measuring electoral disproportionality

The number of representatives obtained by each political party in an electoral process must be a whole number. So, the percentage of votes for each party usually differs from the corresponding percentage of seats, forcing a certain unavoidable disproportionality. On the other hand, different elements of the electoral system (constituencies, thresholds, etc.) may produce some avoidable disproportionality. Those indexes traditionally used to analyse disproportionality take into account an unreachable exact proportionality as a reference. Instead, our more realistic approach quantifies distortions from a specific allotment, namely the seat distribution obtained when applying a proportional method to the total votes (that is, as if it were a unique constituency, without electoral thresholds or incentives to the winning party). Hence, we measure the avoidable disproportionality associated with such method. Unlike traditional indexes, we propose indexes associated with proportional allotment methods that can be zero in real situations. They are simple to calculate and allow us to decipher the number of seats assigned beyond the inevitable disproportionality which arises from the constraint of whole numbers. We are particularly interested in the indexes associated with Jefferson and Webster methods, which are compared to Gallagher, Loosemore-Hanby and Sainte-Laguë indexes for the results of 55 elections held in several countries.
Extraction, Purification and Characterization of Lycopene from Tomato (Cv Vijeta) Processing Industry Waste

Aim: The present study focused on extraction of lycopene from tomato processing industry waste, its purification and characterization by different methods. Lycopene is major carotenoid found in tomato. Methodology: Different tomato parts like whole tomato, tomato peel and waste generated druing processing were also screened for lycopene content. The extracted lycopene was purified by crystallization method. The purified lycopene was characterized by the different methods live UV- spectroscopy, HPLC, FT-IR and NMR. Results: Among the different parts of tomato the peel (377.19±1.13 µg/g) contain highest amount of lycopene than industrial waste (175.15±1.09 µg/g) and whole tomato (82.82±0.79). The crystallization method significantly purify the lycopene content which was clearly resulted in UV-spectroscopy, HPLC, FT-IR and NMR results. Conclusion: This will be beneficial to the industry for purification and characterization of lycopene from tomato processing industry waste.
DIJKSTRA ALGORITHM USING UAV PATH PLANNING

Insansiz hava araclarinin (IHA) kullanimi gunumuzde giderek artmaktadir. IHA’lar uzaktan kumandali ve belirli bir batarya probleminden dolayi otomatik olarak seyahat edebilen olmak uzere iki kisma ayrilabilirler. Son donemde gerceklestirilen arastirmalar, bu araclari otonom bir sekilde kontrol etmek ve en kisa ucus yollarini belirlemek icin yeni algoritmalarin gelistirilmesi ve uygulanmasi konularina da odaklanmislardir. Bu arastirmalarla birlite kullanim alani olarak IHA'lar hava tahminleri, cevre calismalari ve trafik kontrolu gibi bircok sivil faaliyette kullanilmaktadir. Otonom hareket eden IHA’lar icin uc boyutlu (3D) yol planlamasi onemli bir konudur. Insansiz Hava Araclari (IHA) icin en kisa yol, cevredeki engelleri kullanarak iki boyutlu (2D) yol planlama algoritmalari kullanilarak belirlenir ve IHA’larin cevre gorevlerini mumkun olan en kisa surede yerine getirmelerine olanak tanir. Bu calismanin amaci, Dijkstra algoritmasi kullanilarak IHA’lar icin engellerden kacinarak ve hedef noktasina giden en kisa yolu belirlemektir. MATLAB programinda gerceklestirilen simulasyon ile yol planlama algoritmasinda IHA’larin hedefe varis zamanini degerlendirmek icin gelistirilmistir. Bu calisma farkli yukseklik ve farkli ene sahip olan bina amaciyla engeller tanimlanmis ve IHA’nin belirli yuksekliklerde uctugu kabul edilerek 2D ve 3D modellemeleri gerceklestirilmistir. Ayrica IHA’larin gercek uygulamalarda belirlenen yol planlamalarinda ucusu gerceklestirilerek pil tuketimi, harcanan pil miktari, hizi, alinan yol miktari gibi verilerde incelenmistir.
Do the face-to-face actions of adults have an online impact? The effects of parent and teacher responses on cyberbullying among students

ABSTRACT Research on bullying underlines the role of significant adults: the way teachers and parents respond to offline bullying has the potential to reduce bullying behaviours, but whether they have an influence on cyberbullying is unknown. This study delves into what effects parent and teacher responses to offline bullying have on cyberbullying. The sample was composed of 1.406 middle and high school students (F = 41%; M age = 13.1, SD = 1.4). We developed ad hoc measures to simultaneously estimate teacher and parent responses to offline bullying, i.e. non-intervention, disciplinary methods and supportive/relational interventions. Using a SEM model, we found that parents’ supportive/relational interventions are associated with lower levels of cyberbullying behaviours. At the same time, teachers’ non-intervention in offline bullying episodes was associated with higher involvement in cyberbullying. Findings highlight the critical and complementary role that parents and teachers play in preventing cyberbullying.
State of the science review: Potential for beneficial use of waste by-products for in situ remediation of metal-contaminated soil and sediment

ABSTRACT Metal and metalloid contamination of soil and sediment is a widespread problem both in urban and rural areas throughout the United States (U.S. EPA, 2014). Beneficial use of waste by-products as amendments to remediate metal-contaminated soils and sediments can provide major economic and environmental advantages on both a site-specific and national scale. These waste by-products can also reduce our need to mine virgin materials or produce synthetic materials for amendments. Waste by-products must not be hazardous or pose unacceptable risk to human health and the environment, and should be a suitable replacement for virgin and synthetic materials. This review serves to present the state of science on in situ remediation of metal-contaminated soil and sediment and the potential for beneficial usage of waste by-product materials. Not all unintended consequences can be fully understood or predicted prior to implementing a treatment option, however some realized, and potentially unrealized, benefits and unintended consequences are explored.
Performance analysis of the bioinspired method for optimizing irregular codes with a low density of parity checks

This paper reports the principles of building irregular codes with a low density of parity checks. It has been determined that finding irregular finite-length codes with improved characteristics necessitates the optimization of the distributions of powers of the symbol and test vertices of the corresponding Tanner graph. The optimization problem has been stated and the application of a bioinspired approach to solving it has been substantiated. The paper considers the main stages of the bioinspired method to optimize the finite-length irregular codes with a low density of parity checks. It is shown that a given method is based on the combined application of the bioinspired procedure of bats, a special method for building Tanner graphs, and computer simulation. The reported study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method for optimizing irregular codes when using the selected bioinspired procedure and the predefined model of a communication channel. Based on the study results, it has been determined that the optimized relatively short irregular codes with a low density of parity checks possess better characteristics compared to existing codes. It is shown that the derived codes do not demonstrate the effect of an "error floor" and ensure an energy win via encoding of about 0.5 dB compared to regular codes depending on the length of the code. It has been determined that the optimization of irregular codes with a low value of the maximum power in the distribution of powers of the symbol vertices of the Tanner graph leads to a decrease in the order of an error coefficient in the region with a high signal/noise ratio. The application of the optimized irregular codes with a low density of parity checks could improve the efficiency of next-generation wireless telecommunication systems
A Potential Nursing Ground for the Southern Right Whale Eubalaena australis in Northern Chile

The Chile-Peru subpopulation (CPe) of the southern right whale (Eubalaena australis) is classified as critically endangered following intense whaling in past centuries. Due to their very low abundance, information on breeding and feeding grounds is also scarce. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly applied in marine mammal research thanks to their low cost and relative ease of use. This case study documents a southern right whale nursing in Bahía Moreno (23ºS), Antofagasta, northern Chile, through high-resolution images taken by UAV of a lone adult in July 2019 and the same (photo-identified) whale with a neonate in August, confirming local parturition. Combined with earlier data we hypothesize that the Antofagasta Region may be a calving and nursing ground for the CPe subpopulation. Given the intense shipping traffic and fishing activities around the Mejillones Peninsula and Antofagasta port, priorly recommended marine spatial planning to help avoid net entanglements and vessel collisions of fin and humpback whales would also contribute to the conservation of the CPe stock of southern right whale.
NOMADIC AND SEDENTARY LIFE IN THE TIME OF PROPHET MUHAMMAD

The Bedouins who live nomadically have existed for a long time in the desert region of Arabia. They existed before and during the time of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), when the cities in Arabia were still limited in number and level of population. They led a pastoralist life by herding livestock, especially camels. The Bedouins often appear in stories relating to Prophet Muhammad(PBUH),usually anonymous, with their typical characters of rudeness, discourtasy and lack of knowledge. They came to Makkah and Madīnah from time to time. Sometimes they involved in tribal warfare among themselves or against the emerging Islamic sovereignty. Urban society may play an important socio-political role and has more prominent leadership in the region, but the existence of the Bedouin society cannot be said to be unimportant in the structure of society at that time. Understanding the characteristics and the relation between the Bedouins and the sedentary people is actually important to understand the development of society and civilization, as suggested by the explanation of Ibn Khaldūn in his Muqaddimah. The objective of this study is to elucidate the characteristics of nomadic and sedentary societies and the relationship between the two in the era of the Prophet (PBUH) as well as the Islamic attitude towards these two patterns of life. This research is a historical study that uses the Qur’an and Hadīth as its main sources.
Mechanical Perspective on the Rotational Doppler Shift of a Single Photon

A theoretical model that relates the rotational Doppler shift of a photon and the rotational velocity of the lenses traversed by the beam of light, is presented. The mathematical relation, which is resolved in the context of a four-dimensional Minkowski flat spacetime and Cartesian coordinates, relates the rotational Doppler effect of a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave, caused by the transfer of spin angular momentum from a rotating object (lenses), with the coordinate acceleration of the rotating object, in the counter-propagating direction in which the photons move, and its angular velocity. From the analysis of the solved equation, it can be considered the generated coordinate acceleration and the theoretical possibility that it was obtained from the mechanical energy of a rotating object traversed by a beam of light, which, in turn, would generate a coordinate acceleration difference in the parallel and counter-propagating direction in which the photons move.
THE ANALYSIS OF INVENTORY VALUE ON MARKET VALUE BY PROFIT LOSS COMPONENT AS INTERVENING VARIABLE

The aim of this research is to provide an empirical effect of inventory value on the market value of income, the cost of products sold and profit as intervening variables. Both firms belonging to manufacturing companies (food and beverage sub-sectors) in the period 2014-2018 on the stock exchange are the focus of this study. Indonesian Securities comprises 14 firms. The tool used is path was analysis using SPSS. The findings show that profits and expense of products sold do not have an indirect impact on the relationship between inventory value and market value as an intervening variable, while profit has an indirect effect on the relationship between inventory value and market value as an intervening variable.
An overview of patient-reported outcome measures to analyze the quality of life after orthognathic surgery

Society imparts great importance to physical appearance in this modern age. The physical and psycho-social impact of a dentofacial deformity on an individual is often impossible to assess with certainty. A facial deformity can profoundly affect the quality of life and thereby entailing lifelong adjustments. Facial aesthetics affect an individual’s con idence and their overall acceptance in society, which in turn has an apparent effect on their quality of life. Corrective jaw surgeries are indicated in cases not amenable to produce acceptable post-treatment results with orthodontics alone. Orthognathic surgery aims to produce a more aesthetic facial appearance and strives to improve stomatognathic functions in the process. WHO de ines Quality of Life asAn individual’s perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and concerning their goals, expectations, standards and concerns. It is a broad-ranging concept affected in a complicated way by the person’s physical health, psychological state, level of independence, social relationships, personal beliefs and their relationship to salient features of their environment. The impact of dentofacial deformities on an individual’s holistic emotional, physical and social development has been a focus of research for a long time. Several patients reported outcome scales are employed to assess the quality of life and this review aims to discuss the use of these scales as an indicator of successful surgical treatment. At the same time, these scales may serve as a patient education tool because a holistic health indicator is required which considers the psychological well being of the patient along with regards to functional and aesthetic demands before formulating a surgical treatment plan.
Blood profile of broiler chickens fed varying levels of crude fibre and energy in multi-fibre source-based diets without enzyme supplementation

This study sought to assess the effect of dietary crude fibre – energy relationships onthe blood profile of unsexed Obamarshal strain of broiler chickens fed different levels of dietary crude fibre (CF) each at three levels of metabolisable energy (ME) in multi-fibre source-based diets from day-old to 56 days of age. Results indicated that neither CF nor ME and their interaction had significant effect on hematological indices measured at 50 days of age. The values of hematological indices obtained for the treatment groups fell within the standard values for normal chickens. Except for the blood cholesterol, there was no significant effect of varying levels of CF or ME on other serum metabolites and likewise their interaction effect. While increasing CF level tended to reduce significantly (P<0.05) blood cholesterol, incremental levels of ME tended to increase (P<0.05) blood cholesterol and also their interaction effects. The values of serum cholesterol in the birds ranged from 106 mg/dl for diet B to 181 mg/dl for diet D, which were within the range for normal chicken. Conclusively, the findings showed that blood profile was not adversely affected even at 12% CF and 3000 ME (Kcal/kg) diet.Keywords: Broiler, crude fibre, metabolisable energy, calorie: protein ratio, blood
Study on Process Derivation and Characteristic Analysis for BLDC Motor Design Using Dual Rotor Structure with High Torque Density

In this paper, the design process of brushless DC (BLDC) motor adopting the dual rotor structure that can reduce the overall size of the motor while generating the same torque as the conventional permanent magnet BLDC motor is analyzed. A simple size is selected by obtaining the torque per rotor volume (TRV), and a method of matching the counter electromotive force by selecting the pole-arc of the magnet through a magnetic equivalent circuit is analyzed. Since the efficiency is low because the 120-degree commutation method is selected, the middle stator is optimized through detailed design through the experimental design method. Afterwards, it has the advantage of being able to shift without stopping due to the characteristic of a dual rotor. For this, an analysis of the driving characteristics for each mode is performed.
A brief review on newer Glucagon like Peptide-1 analogues

GLP-1 (Glucagon like Peptide-1) receptor agonists have been shown to be effective in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although the first GLP-1 receptor agonist, Exenatide, was approved in the year 2000, other agents with a longer duration of action that do not require twice-daily dosing are now being developed. Indeed, Liraglutide, a once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist, was approved in 2010, a once-weekly extended-release formulation of Exenatide (Exenatide ER) was approved in 2011 and now more recently Semaglutide, an oral GLP 1 receptor agonist was approved for medical use in the United States in September 2019 and in the European Union in April 2020. The importance of GLP-1 itself and the use of GLP-1 receptor agonists in T2DM are discussed. An overview of the clinical development of the GLP-1 receptor agonists (Exenatide ER, Liraglutide, Lixisenatide, Albiglutide, Taspoglutide and Semaglutide) is provided and their mechanism of action, efficacy in terms of glycaemic control, weight loss and tolerability are reviewed. Keywords: GLP1 receptor agonist; Liraglutide; Exenatide ER; Lixisenatide; Semaglutide
The possible role of arsenic and gene-arsenic interactions in susceptibility to breast cancer: a systematic review

Abstract The roles of many environmental contaminants in increasing breast cancer risk remain controversial. Arsenic (As) is a major global environmental contaminant and carcinogen. We conducted a systematic review of the role of As and gene-arsenic interactions in susceptibility to breast cancer. Following a systematic literature search using well-defined inclusion/exclusion criteria, a total of 15 epidemiologic studies (two meta-analyses, three systematic reviews, three cohort studies, two case-control studies, and five cross-sectional studies) were reviewed. In addition, several animal, in vitro, in vivo, and in silico (i.e., computer modeling) studies provided mechanistic insights into the association between As and breast cancer. Our review suggests a possible overall main effect of As on breast cancer risk. The evidence for an effect of gene-As interactions on breast cancer risk is strong. Studies that measured levels of As metabolites among participants and/or evaluated interactions between As exposure and genetic or epigenetic factors generally reported positive associations with breast cancer risk. Our analysis of the Comparative Toxicogenomics and the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis Databases provided further evidence for As-gene interactions and their effects on breast cancer-related biologic pathways. Our findings provide potential leads for future epidemiologic studies of As-associated cancer risks and interventions to reduce population exposure.
Implementation of Graphene in Supercapacitor Electrodes

Electrochemical capacitors (ECs), also known as supercapacitors, store charge in a double layer of ions formed at the electrode/electrolyte interface. ECs are attracting a compounding amount of interest due to their high charge storage densities, extended lifetimes, and high efficiencies and charge/discharge rate capabilities. These devices may be integrated as standalone power sources for small electronics or in parallel with batteries and fuel cells to maximize operating efficiencies. Various carbon allotropes have found great success as electrode materials due to their high conductivities, high specific surface areas, and high capacitance resulting from ion confinement in pores. While endohedral particles with hierarchical porous structures, such as activated carbon and carbide-derived carbons, have been conventionally used in the past, their power densities and efficiencies at high rates are limited by ionic transport. This is particularly inhibiting for novel electrolytes, such as ionic liquids, preventing novel supercapacitors from optimizing their capabilities and fully benefitting from increased voltage windows.