Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Structural substrates of epilepsy.

: Although interest in possible structural substrates of epilepsy has been high since anatomical abnormalities in autopsy material were first noted, a clear pathognomic picture has yet to emerge for subtypes other than temporal lobe epilepsy. While identification of anatomical features unique to the diseased brain does not ensure that a cure will be found (viz. Alzheimer's disease), such knowledge can certainly guide researchers who must search out both the necessary and sufficient etiologic agent. Such investigation is hampered by the difficulty of separating cause from effect in clinical material, where the patient may have a history of drug use or of poorly controlled seizures. For instance, the cell-density depletion noted in temporal-lobe epileptics could follow from, or be a cause of, seizures. An experimental approach to isolating the structural substrates of epilepsy requires establishing several "levels" of epilepsy of varying duration, and observing the evolution of anatomical change. Such manipulation is, of course, possible only when an animal model is used, and it is for this reason, among others, that researchers have developed several of these. In general, there are two types of animal model: one where an exogenous agent (for example, a neurotoxin) or treatment (kindling) is applied, and another that relies on a strain of animal bred to exhibit seizures. Anatomical findings in this latter case have been reported infrequently, although the approach, which is not confounded by central nervous system (CNS) damage, seems promising as a model for certain types of epilepsy. Rodents have been among the best-researched genetic preparations, and several such reports appear in this volume. We have investigated one such strain, the Mongolian gerbil, which has been bred in UCLA's animal colony to exhibit seizures (the SS strain). Another strain (SR) has been bred to be seizure-free. Our initial study compared adult SS and SR animals with respect to two morphometric parameters in hippocampal region CA3. We found that the SS adult gerbil had fewer dendritic spines than its nonseizuring counterpart. Dendritic spines are considered the locus of excitatory synapses, and their density has been correlated with a variety of functional states in other paradigms. Our next set of questions concerned the development of these strain differences, and we accordingly set up four different age groups, bracketing the age at which seizures first appear in the gerbil. Again, spine-density differences appeared between SS and SR animals, but in the opposite direction from the adult case. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Dissemination and implementation of "Aging Well and Healthily" : A health-education and exercise program for older adults

The article describes the dissemination and implementation of the Aging Well and Healthily (AWH) program in the Netherlands. In the period 1997-1999 this process was monitored by means of telephone interviews with 263 participants, 28 peer educators, and 13 organizers. The program participants were mainly physically active and relatively healthy people in their mid 70s. The peer educators were in their late 50s. The overall satisfaction with the content and delivery of the AWH program was good; 13% of the participants enrolled in related local sports activities. In total, the AWH program was run 57 times, which did not meet the target of 50 times a year. Different factors could have negatively influenced dissemination. In the first place, the organization of the program was perceived to be complex and not compatible with the values of the organizations that were to implement the program. Also, 3 national implementation partners had organizational problems of their own. The results were used to design a new social marketing strategy, which appears to be successful.
Dentistry and CAM

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), as defined by Barnes et al. [1] is “a group of diverse medical and health care systems, therapies, and products that are not presently considered to be conventional medicine. ” To date, the scientific peer reviewed databases of CAM and its interfaces with dentistry are minimal as compared to our medical colleagues. This is despite the fact that the usage of CAM in the U.S. has grown at an increasing rate within the past 20 years. Estimates of the general population’s usage of some type of CAM modality within the past year have been approximated at 30% to 60% [1-5].
HEALTH SERVICE PROVIDER FACTORS INFLUENCING VITAMIN A SUPPLEMENTATION COVERAGE TO PRESCHOOL CHILDREN IN GUCHA DISTRICT

Vitamin A deficiency is a public health problem accounting for about 0.6 million deaths, and 9% of global childhoodDisability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). Gucha District in western Kenya is endemic for subclinical vitamin Adeficiency. Concerted efforts to address this problem through periodic supplementation of vitamin A amongpreschool children in health facilities have borne little success. Coverage of routine vitamin A supplementation hasremained suboptimal and therefore denying children aged below five years the benefits of optimal vitamin Alevels. Being a malaria endemic area, children in Gucha district stand to benefit most from optimal vitamin Acoverage as studies have shown that vitamin A supplementation reduces all cause mortality among children. Themain aim/objective of this study was to identify health service provider factors related to vitamin Asupplementation coverage. A cross-sectional survey design was used and the study population consisted of 85health workers and 5 members of the district health management team (DHMT). Cluster sampling was used toselect 25 health workers. All the 5 members of the District Health Management Team were included in the study. Aquestionnaire and a focus group discussion were used to collect data. Quantitative data was analyzed using Epiinfo. whereas qualitative data was thematically analysed. The results showed poor documentation by healthworkers, frequent stock outs of vitamin A supplements and inadequate supervision by the district healthmanagement team as the main factors responsible for the low vitamin A supplementation coverage in GuchaDistrict.
Análisis de concordancia entre la bioimpedancia vectorial y la espectroscópica

Los valores de los compartimentos corporales proporcionados por los dos sistemas de bioimpedancia mas utilizados en Espana (bioimpedancia de monofrecuencia vectorial [BIVA] y bioimpedancia multifrecuencia espectroscopica [BIS]) son diferentes y no pueden intercambiarse. Objetivo: Analizar si la variabilidad intermetodo es debida a la diferente lectura de las variables bioelectricas realizadas por los monitores o a las ecuaciones utilizadas por cada uno de ellos para el calculo de los volumenes y masas corporales. Otro objetivo fue comprobar si, a pesar de la variabilidad intermetodo, la clasificacion de los estados de hidratacion definidos por ambos monitores es concordante. Material y metodos: Estudio de corte transversal. En 54 enfermos tratados con hemodialisis se hizo un analisis de bioimpedancia con los monitores BIVA y BIS inmediatamente antes de una sesion de dialisis. En 38 de ellos se repitio el estudio con el monitor BIVA al finalizar la misma sesion de dialisis. Resultados: Los datos de resistencia y angulo de fase proporcionados por el monitor BIVA y por el monitor BIS a la frecuencia de 50 kHz son concordantes. En el caso de la resistencia, la variabilidad es de 1,3%, y el coeficiente de correlacion intraclase, de 0,99. Para el angulo de fase, la variabilidad es del 11,5%, y el coeficiente de correlacion intraclase, de 0,92. Los valores del volumen de agua corporal total, agua extracelular, masa grasa y masa celular tienen un sesgo y una variabilidad no admisibles en la practica clinica y el coeficiente de correlacion intraclase indica que la concordancia es mediocre. En el sistema BIVA se define hiperhidratacion o deshi- dratacion segun el vector estuviera en el eje de hidratacion por debajo o por encima de la elipse de tolerancia de 75%, tanto pre como posdialisis. El sistema BIS utiliza dos criterios de hiperhidratacion predialisis: OH (exceso de hidratacion predialisis) superior a 2,5 litros o mayor del 15% del volumen de agua extracelular. El grado de equivalencia con los resultados del monitor BIVA fue mejor con el segundo criterio (indice kappa 0,81, concordancia excelente), que con el primero (indice kappa 0,71, concordancia aceptable). El sistema BIS define la normohidratacion posdialisis cuando la diferencia entre OH y volumen ultrafiltrado esta comprendida entre �1,1 y 1,1 litros, y su concordancia con el BIVA fue aceptable (indice kappa ponderado 0,64). Conclusiones: Los monitores BIVA y BIS utilizados proporcionan lecturas similares de los parametros bioelectricos y la gran variabilidad observada en la cuantificacion de volumenes y masas corporales debe ser atribuida a las diferentes ecuaciones utilizadas para su calculo. Sin embargo, los criterios utilizados por ambos sistemas para definir los estados de hidratacion pre y posdialisis tienen una equivalencia aceptable.
Clopidogrel Interactions: Consider while prescribing

Clopidogrel reduces the cardiovascular risks because of inhibitory action on platelets aggregation but some co-administered drugs compromise its main therapeutic effects. Clopidogrel is a prodrug and converted into active metabolite by the hepatic cytochrome P450. The active thiol metabolite inhibits the P2Y12 adenosine di-phosphate receptors and decrease the platelet aggregation processes. The activity of clopidogrel is dependent on the metabolic conversion by cytochrome P450 due to this fact proton pump inhibitors, atorvastatin and several other drugs that competitively inhibit the clopidogrel metabolism might alter its therapeutic response. Conversely other agents potentiate the clopidogrel responsiveness by inducing the cytochrome activity. Combinational drug therapy increases the risks of drug-drug interactions. The previous pharmacodynamic studies have reported clinically significant risks that are associated with combined therapy of clopidogrel with other drugs which are commonly used in coronary artery disorders. These reported studies did not demonstrate the consistent evidence for sever drug-drug interaction hazards in cardiovascular events. This review highlights the various controversies among the studies about common clopidogrel interactions when prescribed in various cardiovascular disorders to achieve targeted therapeutic outcomes. The clopidogrel is commonly prescribed in many serious disorders such as cardiovascular, hypercholesteraemia and lack of information or uncertainty may cost serious outcomes.
Correlación de los hallazgos endoscópicos pre y postoperatorios en pacientes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica

Objective: To establish a correlation between the pre-operative endoscopic fi ndings with the gastrointestinal syndrome and endoscopic fi ndings during follow-up of patients subjected to bariatric surgery. Setting: General Hospital “Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez” (third level health care center). Design: A retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional, comparative study. Statistical analysis: Percentages as summary measures for qualitative variables and χ2. Patients and method: Patients operated in the obesity clinic from June 2006 to June 2010, in whom a preoperative endoscopy was performed with a follow-up of at least 1 years. We identifi ed the gastrointestinal pathologies with the highest incidence, histopathological fi ndings, and the correlation with the postoperative endoscopy during the follow-up of patients, who, due to their symptoms, required endoscopic control. Results: In a total of 137 patients that complied with the inclusion criteria (111 women and 26 men), average age of 36.41 years, average BMI of 42.04, the pathology with the highest incidence was non-specifi c non-erosive gastritis (45.25%), the most frequent histopathological result was gastritis associated to Helicobacter pylori (HP) (38.6%). At an average follow-up of three years (SD ± 1.31), 35 patients (25.5%) were subjected to follow-up endoscopy due Resumen Objetivo: Establecer una correlacion de los hallazgos endoscopicos preoperatorios con los sintomas gastrointestinales y hallazgos endoscopicos en el seguimiento de los pacientes sometidos a algun tipo de cirugia bariatrica. Sede: Hospital General “Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez”. Tercer Nivel de Atencion Medica. Diseno: Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo, transversal y comparativo. Analisis estadistico: Porcentajes como medida de resumen para variables cualitativas y χ2. Pacientes y metodo: Pacientes que se operaron en la clinica de obesidad, de junio 2006 a junio 2010, a los cuales se les realizo endoscopia preoperatoria con un seguimiento minimo de un ano. Se identifi caron las patologias gastrointestinales con mayor incidencia, hallazgos histopatologicos y la correlacion de la endoscopia postoperatoria en el seguimiento de pacientes que por sus sintomas requirieron control endoscopico. Resultados: De un total de 137 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusion (111 mujeres, 26 hombres), con edad promedio de 36.41, IMC promedio de 42.04, la patologia con mayor incidencia fue gastritis inespecifi ca no erosiva (45.25%), el resultado histopatologico mas frecuente fue gastritis asociada a Helicobacter pylori (HP) (38.6%). A un seguimiento promedio de tres anos (DE ± 1.31)
British male students continue to fall behind in secondary school achievement

It is common knowledge that boys fall behind in school performance, and UK policy makers have addressed this issue in the past decade. In fact, they seem committed to narrowing gender gaps of any kind. This paper asks whether actual progress has been made in reducing the degree to which boys fall behind, and also whether gender differences in subject preference have changed in the period 2001 to 2013. Using an analysis of British secondary-education exam data and a comparison with data from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), it is concluded that no progress has been made: Boys attained fewer top grades in nearly all school subjects. Further, boys and girls continue to choose elective school subjects along traditional interest lines. The problem of boys falling behind is obscured by the finding that grades of all children have risen considerably in this period. However, a comparison of Mathematics and English exam grades with PISA data suggests that this rise is due to grade inflation, not real improvement. The paper closes with recommendations for solutions.
Sophonisba Breckinridge

Sophonisba Breckinridge (1866-1948) was involved in virtually every reform--including legal aid for immigrants, civil rights for blacks, labor legislation for workers, juvenile courts for youth, and citizenship rights for women--of both the Progressive and New Deal eras. She also played an important role in the development of the welfare state. As a social scientist, a social worker, and a public policy consultant, she played a key role in the development and the implementation of the 1935 Social Security Act. Breckinridge’s influence extended beyond national boundaries. As a founding member of the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom and the first American woman to represent the United States at an international diplomatic conference, she promoted international cooperation and exemplified feminist pacifism. Nationally and internationally renowned in her own lifetime, since her death Breckinridge has been largely forgotten. By foregrounding the life and work of this forgotten feminist, this biography of Breckinridge provides a fresh interpretation of women’s activism in modern America. A close look at Breckinridge’s lifelong commitment to social justice reveals previously unappreciated connections between women’s work on behalf of racial justice, civil liberties, world peace, social services, international relations, labor organizing, immigration policy, public health, child welfare, and women’s rights. Spanning the decades from the Civil War to the Cold War and covering a broad range of topics, this book demonstrates both the continuity and the diversity of women’s activism in modern America.
European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies (EUROCAT)

EUROCAT is a European network of population-based registries for the epidemiologic surveillance of congenital anomalies. Established in 1979, EUROCAT now surveys more than 1.7 million births per year in Europe, with 43 registries in 23 countries, covering 29% of European birth population. The Objectives of EUROCAT are: To facilitate the early warning of new teratogenic exposures. To evaluate the effectiveness of primary prevention. To assess the impact of developments in prenatal screening. To act as an information and resource centre for the population, health professionals and managers regarding clusters or exposures or risk factors of concern. To provide a ready collaborative network and infrastructure for research related to the causes and prevention of congenital anomalies and the treatment and care of affected children. To act as a catalyst for the setting up of registries throughout Europe collecting comparable, standardised data
Rekanalisierende Behandlung des akuten Schlaganfalls

Zusammenfassung Die systemische Thrombolyse der akuten zerebralen Ischämie mit rt-PA im 3-Stunden-Zeitfenster entwickelte sich in den vergangenen Jahren zur Standardtherapie. Seit Ende 2002 besteht eine europaweite Zulassung für diese Indikation. Für das 3- bis 6-Stunden-Zeitfenster gibt es bislang noch keine allgemein akzeptierte Behandlungsstrategie. Die Datenlage ist am günstigsten für die intraarterielle Thrombolyse, vorausgesetzt es liegt ein proximaler Verschluss der Arteria cerebri media vor. Eine systemische Thrombolyse jenseits der ersten 3 Stunden wird nicht generell empfohlen, aber in einzelnen Zentren bei ausgewählten Patienten durchgeführt. Neben Thrombolyseverfahren im engeren Sinne und neuen Ansätzen zur Optimierung thrombolytischer Therapie (z. B. Patientenauswahl mittels MRT) werden einzelne neuroradiologisch-interventionelle und chirurgische Rekanalisierungsmethoden diskutiert.
Perceptions and practices of smokeless tobacco use in the form of mishri among rural women above 10 years of age in Pune, Maharashtra, India

Background: Tobacco use in different forms has become a growing public health problem. It contributes to increased non communicable disease burden. Females tend to use smokeless tobacco in various forms. Material and methods: It was a cross sectional study conducted in the field practice area of Rural Health Training Centre of Dr. D Y Patil Medical College, Pimpri, Pune. Pretested, semistructured proforma was used to collect the information regarding the age of initiation and reasons for its use and other parameters of mishri use after taking informed consent from women >10 years of age . At the end of the study all the subjects were given active education in group setting. Results: Total 256 rural women were studied. 59.8% were r = 0.258, P r = 0.335, P Conclusion: There is a need to make the rural women aware about hazardous effects of use of mishri through health education sessions to wean them out of this addiction.
Joint genetic evaluation for functional longevity in Austria and Germany.

INTRODUCTION After lactation yield, length of productive life is the second most important trait in dairy production (Allaire and Gibson, 1992). A long productive life of a cow helps to reduce replacement costs, and the full milking potential is only attained in later lactations (Essl, 1982). Ducrocq (1987) distinguishes between culling caused by poor lactation production and culling that is due to fitness problems. In cattle breeding the functional length of productive life (fLPL) is of interest. The fLPL is independent of production and other effects having a systematic influence on length of productive life. In Austria breeding values for fLPL have been routinely estimated for bulls and cows since 1995 (Fuerst and Sölkner, 1997) using survival analysis. Currently Germany and Austria are working on the implementation of a joint breeding value estimation for all traits. Implementation should be finalised by November 2002. Breeding values for longevity have been estimated jointly since November 2001. Compared to the former Austrian evaluation the model for survival analysis was changed from the Cox model to the Weibull model, which allows inclusion of time-dependent effects. The objective of this paper is to present the joint routine genetic evaluation using survival analysis for Simmental in Austria and Germany.
Pediatric Epilepsy: Diagnosis and Therapy

The extensively updated third edition of "Pediatric Epilepsy: Diagnosis and Therapy" continues to be the definitive volume on the diagnosis, treatment, classification, and management of the childhood epilepsies.Written by nearly 100 international leaders in the field, this new edition progresses logically with major sections on the basic mechanisms of the disease, classification, epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, and age-related syndromes of epilepsy. The core of the new third edition is its completely updated section on antiepileptic drugs, including an in-depth discussion of dosage considerations, drug toxicity, teratogenicity, and drug interactions, with recommendations for optimal combinations when multiple drug therapy is required.Features unique to the third edition include: an expanded section on the basic science and mechanism of epilepsy; completely updated drug chapters, including newly released drugs and those in development; expanded chapters on vagus nerve stimulation and surgical treatment; and, an expanded section on co-morbidities.The third edition includes 21 new chapters, including discussions of: epileptic channelopathies; epileptogenic cerebral cortical malformation; epilepsy genes; etiologies and workup; evidence-based medicine issues related to drug selection; Levetiracetam; Sulthiame; Pregabalin; herbal medications; basic and advanced imaging; immunotherapy issues; vagus nerve stimulation therapy; cognitive and psychiatric co-morbidities and educational placement; and, psychosocial aspects of epilepsy.