Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation for fuel cell power system

Fuel Cells are an upcoming technology that have promise in future clean and efficient transportation. More specifically, use in conjunction with batteries in electric scooters as a hybrid system is an attractive option due to its ability to provide clean efficient power while maintaining quick refueling times that traditional combustion engines possess. In order to maximize the advantage of fuel cells, an intelligent control system must be developed. Additionally, regenerative braking using capacitors can also used to allow farther range and longer battery life especially in city environments. Thus, different topologies that utilize battery, capacitor and fuel cell technologies with regenerative braking have been examined to find an efficient design. In this study, we using MATLAB/Simulink®, these systems can be executed, resulting in a tool to characterize both the electrical system and the overall dynamics of the scooter, aiding in part selection, design, and simulation.
PDE-based approach for medial axis detection in x-ray angiographies

In the present work we deal with the assistance to the diagnostic of coronaries stenosis from X-rays angiographies. Our goal is a 3D-reconstruction of the coronarian tree, therefore the extraction of some 2D characteristics is necessary. Here, we treat the problem of the 2D vessels medial axis extraction. The vessels geometry looks like valleys embedded in the image surface. Using differential geometry we can locally characterize medial axis as bottom lines of valleys. However, we have to calculate the image local derivatives, which is an ill-posed and noise sensitive problem. To overcome this drawback, we use a PDE based approach. We first consider the PDE's numerical scheme as an iterative method known as fixed point search. So, we obtain a new method which assure the stability of the resolution process. The combinaison of this method an appropriate PDE generates a scale-space where we can detect arteries of various diameters. We use then the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the Weingarten endomorphism to define a new valley-ness measure. We have tested this technique on several angiographies, where the medial axis have well been extracted, even in presence of strong stenosis. Furthermore, the extracted axis are one pixel large and quite continuous.
A Histomorphological Study of the Non-Neoplastic Polypoidal Masses of the Nasal Cavity, Paranasal Sinuses, and Nasopharynx

Introduction: Mass in the nasal cavity is a fairly common finding in clinical practice. A wide array of neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions present as a mass in the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx. Clinically, it can be quite difficult to distinguish between simple nasal polyps, polypoidal lesions due to specific diseases, and polypoidal neoplasms. Hence histopathological examination of all nasal polyps is very important to arrive at a specific diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the histopathological patterns of polypoidal lesions in the nose, paranasal sinuses, and nasopharynx. Methods: The study was carried out retrospectively from June 2009 to June 2011 and continued prospectively for a period of one year from June 2011 to June 2012 . The retrospective cases were taken from records of the pathology department of a tertiary care hospital. The blocks were re-cut and sections were stained using hematoxylin and eosin. Special staining was done whenever necessary depending on the lesion and studied microscopically. Observations and Results: A total of 100 cases presented as polypoidal lesions of nose and paranasal sinuses. Out of the 100 polypoidal masses, 42 were diagnosed as neoplasms among which 28 cases were benign and 14 cases were malignant. The benign spectrum included angiofibroma, inverted papilloma, capillary hemangioma and pyogenic granuloma. Malignant cases included mostly squamous cell carcinoma followed by poorly differentiated carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and a single case of plasmacytoma. Conclusion: Polypoidal masses in the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and nasopharynx represent a large variety of neoplastic lesions of benign and malignant pathologies.
Aspectos Computacionais do Desenvolvimento de uma Biblioteca para Desenho de Redes Bayesianas

Este artigo relata o desenvolvimento de uma biblioteca C++ especifica para desenhar e manipular Redes Bayesianas de forma grafica. A motivacao do seu desenvolvimento surgiu em funcao da indisponibilidade de ferramentas computacionais similares que oferecam os mesmos recursos graficos disponiveis em shells para modelagem e simulacao de Redes Bayesianas. Alem de relatar as caracteristicas tecnicas da biblioteca, apresenta-se como resultado, um caso de uso da biblioteca, onde foi implementado um shell para Redes Bayesianas
A Cognitive Approach to Real-time Rescheduling using SOAR-RL

Ensuring flexible and efficient manufacturing of customized products in an increasing dynamic and turbulent environment without sacrificing cost effectiveness, product quality and on-time delivery has become a key issue for most industrial enterprises. A promising approach to cope with this challenge is the integration of cognitive capabilities in systems and processes with the aim of expanding the knowledge base used to perform managerial and operational tasks. In this work, a novel approach to real-time rescheduling is proposed in order to achieve sustainable improvements in flexibility and adaptability of production systems through the integration of artificial cognitive capabilities, involving perception, reasoning/learning and planning skills. Moreover, an industrial example is discussed where the SOAR cognitive architecture capabilities are integrated in a software prototype, showing that the approach enables the rescheduling system to respond to events in an autonomic way, and to acquire experience through intensive simulation while performing repair tasks.
Gender differences in temporomandibular disorders in adult populational studies: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

The objective of this study was to systematically evaluate gender differences in the prevalence of TMD. A systematic review was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and LILACS in duplicate by two independent reviewers. The inclusion criteria were cross-sectional studies that reported the prevalence of TMD for men and women and that used the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) Axis I group diagnostic criteria:(group I = muscle disorders; group II = disc displacements; group III = arthralgias/arthritis/arthrosis). To be eligible for inclusion, studies must include adult individuals (>18 years) from a non-clinical population (ie without pre-diagnosis of TMD); in other words, from population-based studies. There were no restrictions on the year and language of publication. The quality of the articles was assessed by an adapted version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale(NOS), and the publication bias was assessed by a funnel plot graph. Data were quantitatively analysed by meta-analysis using odds ratio (OR) as the measure effect. The electronic search retrieved a total of 6104 articles, of which 112 articles were selected for full-text reading according to the eligibility criteria. By means of manual search, one study was retrieved. Five articles were selected for meta-analysis with a combined sample of 2518 subjects. Women had higher prevalence of TMD in all RDC/TMD diagnostic groups. The meta-analysis yielded the following results: (a) OR = 2.24 for global TMD (groups I, II and III combined), (b) OR = 2.09 for group I, (c) OR = 1.6 for group II and (d) OR = 2.08 for group III. The importance of gender in the development of TMD has been demonstrated, with a two times greater risk of women to develop it as compared to men.
Highly efficient inoculation method of apple viruses to apple seedlings.

Virus inoculation to original plants is an important step in research for many reasons. For example, it is used to satisfy Koch’s postulates, to test resistance to viruses in breeding programs, and to analyze gene function by virus vectors etc. However, it is generally difficult to inoculate viruses to woody fruit trees like apple, and an efficient inoculation method has not been developed thus far. In this study, we showed that a biolistic inoculation of total RNAs from infected tissues or virus RNAs resulted in a high infection rate in apple seedlings. Total RNAs extracted from Chenopodium quinoa leaves infected with Apple latent spherical virus (ALSV) or Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) and ALSV- RNAs from purified virus were biolistically inoculated to the cotyledons of apple seedlings by a Helios Gene Gun system (BIO-RAD) or a PDS-1000/He Particle Delivery System (BIO-RAD). Analysis of true leaves 2-4 weeks after inoculation by Northern blot hybridization, RT-PCR, or ELISA showed that 36 out of 38 plants (95%) inoculated with total RNAs from ALSV-infected tissues, 39 out of 41 plants (95%) inoculated with ALSV-RNAs, and 6 out of 7 plants (86%) inoculated with total RNAs from ACLSV-infected tissues were infected with each virus. Thus, the biolistic inoculation of total RNAs from infected tissues or virus RNAs from purified virus to apple seedlings is found to be an efficient inoculation method of apple viruses. We think that the method can be applied to other virus-fruit tree combinations. Keywords : ALSV, ACLSV, biolistic inoculation, apple, cotyledon
MONET: Multiview Semi-supervised Keypoint via Epipolar Divergence

This paper presents MONET---an end-to-end semi-supervised learning framework for a pose detector using multiview image streams. What differentiates MONET from existing models is its capability of detecting general subjects including non-human species without a pre-trained model. A key challenge of such subjects lies in the limited availability of expert manual annotations, which often leads to a large bias in the detection model. We address this challenge by using the epipolar constraint embedded in the unlabeled data in two ways. First, given a set of the labeled data, the keypoint trajectories can be reliably reconstructed in 3D using multiview optical flows, resulting in considerable data augmentation in space and time from nearly exhaustive views. Second, the detection across views must geometrically agree with each other. We introduce a new measure of geometric consistency in keypoint distributions called epipolar divergence---a generalized distance from the epipolar lines to the corresponding keypoint distribution. Epipolar divergence characterizes when two view keypoint distributions produces zero reprojection error. We design a twin network that minimizes the epipolar divergence through stereo rectification that can significantly alleviate computational complexity and sampling aliasing in training. We demonstrate that our framework can localize customized keypoints of diverse species, e.g., humans, dogs, and monkeys.
Compositional measures of diffusion anisotropy and asymmetry

Diffusion MRI (dMRI) can be used to examine white matter structures in the living human brain. A common approach to dMRI analysis involves calculating a scalar value that reflects how different the observed diffusion is from an isotropic diffusion profile in each voxel. Current methods require either an oversimplified model (Fractional anisotropy, FA), use an abstract measure of "sharpness" (Generalized Fractional Anisotropy, GFA) or perform inconsistently across scans (Quantitative anisotropy, QA). Here we propose two novel statistically-motivated anisotropy measures based on fiber transition probabilities to neighboring voxels, calculated from orientation distribution functions (ODFs) using recently developed analytic tractography. Compositional Distance from Isotropy (CoDI) is the Aitchison distance between a voxel's analytic transition probabilities to its 26 neighbors and the corresponding transition probabilities that would arise from an isotropic ODF. Compositional Asymmetry (CoAsy) incorporates ODF similarities between neighboring voxels to highlight asymmetric patterns in transition probabilities to better reflect complexities of white matter structures. CoAsy is higher where fascicles split/fan/curve within white matter. We demonstrate on a fiber phantom that CoAsy reflects these properties. Using a cohort of 25 individuals, each scanned 8 times, we show that CoDI and CoAsy values reflect underlying fiber populations and that these measurements are reproducible across repeated scans.
Multiple determinants and consequences of cohesion fatigue in mammalian cells

Cells delayed in metaphase with intact mitotic spindles undergo cohesion fatigue, where sister chromatids separate asynchronously, while cells remain in M phase. Cohesion fatigue requires release of sister chromatid cohesion. However, the pathways necessary to breach sister chromatid cohesion during cohesion fatigue remain unknown. Using a regulated protein heterodimerization system to lock different cohesin interfaces at specific times in mitosis, we show that the prophase pathway of Cohesin release is not required for cohesion fatigue. By manipulating microtubule stability and Cohesin complex integrity in cell lines with varying sensitivity to cohesion fatigue, we show that rates of cohesion fatigue reflect a dynamic balance between spindle pulling forces and resistance to separation by interchromatid cohesion. Cohesion fatigue that results in complete chromatid separation may be an unrecognized but common source of chromosome instability. Here, we extend the significance of cohesion fatigue by showing that even limited delays at metaphase lead to partial centromere separation and predispose cells to chromosome missegregation.
Influence of Different Coupling Modes on the Robustness of Smart Grid under Targeted Attack

Many previous works only focused on the cascading failure of global coupling of one-to-one structures in interdependent networks, but the local coupling of dual coupling structures has rarely been studied due to its complex structure. This will result in a serious consequence that many conclusions of the one-to-one structure may be incorrect in the dual coupling network and do not apply to the smart grid. Therefore, it is very necessary to subdivide the dual coupling link into a top-down coupling link and a bottom-up coupling link in order to study their influence on network robustness by combining with different coupling modes. Additionally, the power flow of the power grid can cause the load of a failed node to be allocated to its neighboring nodes and trigger a new round of load distribution when the load of these nodes exceeds their capacity. This means that the robustness of smart grids may be affected by four factors, i.e., load redistribution, local coupling, dual coupling link and coupling mode; however, the research on the influence of those factors on the network robustness is missing. In this paper, firstly, we construct the smart grid as a two-layer network with a dual coupling link and divide the power grid and communication network into many subnets based on the geographical location of their nodes. Secondly, we define node importance (NI) as an evaluation index to access the impact of nodes on the cyber or physical network and propose three types of coupling modes based on NI of nodes in the cyber and physical subnets, i.e., Assortative Coupling in Subnets (ACIS), Disassortative Coupling in Subnets (DCIS), and Random Coupling in Subnets (RCIS). Thirdly, a cascading failure model is proposed for studying the effect of local coupling of dual coupling link in combination with ACIS, DCIS, and RCIS on the robustness of the smart grid against a targeted attack, and the survival rate of functional nodes is used to assess the robustness of the smart grid. Finally, we use the IEEE 118-Bus System and the Italian High-Voltage Electrical Transmission Network to verify our model and obtain the same conclusions: (I) DCIS applied to the top-down coupling link is better able to enhance the robustness of the smart grid against a targeted attack than RCIS or ACIS, (II) ACIS applied to a bottom-up coupling link is better able to enhance the robustness of the smart grid against a targeted attack than RCIS or DCIS, and (III) the robustness of the smart grid can be improved by increasing the tolerance α. This paper provides some guidelines for slowing down the speed of the cascading failures in the design of architecture and optimization of interdependent networks, such as a top-down link with DCIS, a bottom-up link with ACIS, and an increased tolerance α.
Seeing Beyond the Margins: Challenges to Informed Inclusion of Vulnerable Populations in Research

Although the importance of including vulnerable populations in medical research is widely accepted, identifying how to achieve such inclusion remains a challenge. Ensuring that the language of informed consent is comprehensible to this group is no less of a challenge. Although a variety of interventions show promise for increasing the comprehensibility of informed consent and increasing a climate of exchange, consensus is lacking on which interventions should be used in which situations and current regulations provide little guidance. We argue that the notion of individual autonomy — a foundational principle of informed consent — may be too narrow for some vulnerable populations by virtue of its failure to acknowledge their unique histories and current circumstances. It has a different meaning for members of structured groups like American Indians than for unstructured groups, such as African Americans, whose complicated histories foster group identity. Ensuring broad participation in research and selecting appropriate methods for obtaining informed consent — namely, methods aligned with the source of vulnerability and level of risk — require new ways of thinking that might produce guidelines for matching informed consent models and processes with subpopulations.
Role of CD40 and ADAMTS13 in von Willebrand factor-mediated endothelial cell–platelet–monocyte interaction

Significance In this study we have identified a mechanism that links pathophysiological ADAMTS13 deficiency to innate immunity and hemostasis by facilitating monocyte extravasation as a prerequisite for their subsequent on-site differentiation into proinflammatory macrophages under conditions of both physiological laminar flow and disturbed reduced flow, e.g., as occurs at atherosclerosis predilection sites. Our bioassay approach using patients’ plasma may become a useful diagnostic tool to assess ADAMTS13 activity ex vivo under conditions of near-physiological to atherosclerosis-prone arterial blood flow, which seems to be more relevant than the conventional static FRET-based assay method. Monocyte extravasation into the vessel wall is a key step in atherogenesis. It is still elusive how monocytes transmigrate through the endothelial cell (EC) monolayer at atherosclerosis predilection sites. Platelets tethered to ultra-large von Willebrand factor (ULVWF) multimers deposited on the luminal EC surface following CD40 ligand (CD154) stimulation may facilitate monocyte diapedesis. Human ECs grown in a parallel plate flow chamber for live-cell imaging or Transwell permeable supports for transmigration assay were exposed to fluid or orbital shear stress and CD154. Human isolated platelets and/or monocytes were superfused over or added on top of the EC monolayer. Plasma levels and activity of the ULVWF multimer-cleaving protease ADAMTS13 were compared between coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and controls and were verified by the bioassay. Two-photon intravital microscopy was performed to monitor CD154-dependent leukocyte recruitment in the cremaster microcirculation of ADAMTS13-deficient versus wild-type mice. CD154-induced ULVWF multimer–platelet string formation on the EC surface trapped monocytes and facilitated transmigration through the EC monolayer despite high shear stress. Two-photon intravital microscopy revealed CD154-induced ULVWF multimer–platelet string formation preferentially in venules, due to strong EC expression of CD40, causing prominent downstream leukocyte extravasation. Plasma ADAMTS13 abundance and activity were significantly reduced in CAD patients and strongly facilitated both ULVWF multimer–platelet string formation and monocyte trapping in vitro. Moderate ADAMTS13 deficiency in CAD patients augments CD154-mediated deposition of platelet-decorated ULVWF multimers on the luminal EC surface, reinforcing the trapping of circulating monocytes at atherosclerosis predilection sites and promoting their diapedesis.
A Qualitative Exploration of Self-Kindness and “Treating Oneself” in Contexts of Eating, Weight Regulation and Other Health Behaviors: Implications for Mindfulness-Based Eating Programs

Background: Caring for oneself through mindfulness and compassion to improve or enhance health behaviors, and specifically eating behaviors has come to the forefront of scientific inquiry. The experiences and challenges for people in decision making around food within the context of self-kindness for body and mind care have not been previously explored. Aims: This study explored the experiences of eating behaviors in a community sample and examined the understanding of self-kindness and its relationship to eating behaviors and wellbeing of body and mind. Methods: A phenomenological theoretical position was taken; data were collected using individual semi-structured interviews. The sample was twenty-five members of the wider community in the West Midlands in England. The data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) procedural steps for thematic analysis. Results: Two overarching themes were inductively formulated: ‘Thinking about eating’ and ‘Caring for body and mind’. Five themes were constructed: (a) Treat food is exceptional eating, (b) The proof of the pudding is in the planning, (c) Dieting is a dirty word, which are subsumed under Thinking about eating, and (d) Self-kindness is a disavowed abstract noun, and (e) Self-kindness: A rose by any other name; under Caring for body and mind. Participants described a number of ways of treating themselves both with food and with other activities and pleasure in eating was discussed in terms of social aspects of eating rather than food. Two clear contradictions within narratives around eating and health behaviors were shown. Participants largely eschewed the concept of dieting, but described engaging in highly regulated and restrained eating. There was a lack of connection with the notion of self-kindness; although positive eating and exercise health behaviors were undertaken, they were described as necessary self-regulation, not construed as acts of self-kindness. Conclusion: The results suggests a lack of ease in the interpretation of being kind to oneself as a means of improving mental wellbeing, and an inability to relate self-kindness to physical health behaviors. The association of self-kindness with self-indulgence, and the described disconnect between hunger, satiety and pleasure in eating has implications for interpretation of mindful eating scales, practices and interventions.