Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad: perspectiva desde el neurodesarrollo

La inclusión del trastorno por déficit de atención/ hiperactividad (TDAH) dentro de los trastornos del neurodesarrollo ha quedado recogida en las últimas clasificaciones internacionales [1,2]. La mayoría de los trastornos del neurodesarrollo, incluido el TDAH, presentan una prevalencia inferior al 5-10% [3-6], lo que podría ser el resultado, al menos parcialmente, de una distribución normal de las habilidades cognitivas que subyacen tras ellos o de las propias características clínicas. Teniendo en cuenta la naturaleza dimensional de los trastornos del neurodesarrollo y que gran parte de éstos no se originan por factores etiológicos únicos sino por la interacción de múltiples factores en distintos niveles (genéticos, ambientales, neurobiológicos o neuropsicológicos), no es sorprendente que no se haya encontrado un marcador biológico dicotómico (clínico frente a no clínico). La dimensionalidad y el carácter multifactorial del TDAH se pone de manifiesto en un reciente estudio con más de 4.000 niños (508 con diagnóstico de TDAH según métodos estandarizados) que reveló la existencia de factores genéticos compartidos (derivados de influencias poligénicas) que contribuyen tanto a rasgos típicos de TDAH no patológicos en la población general como al propio TDAH [7]. La distinta modulación de estos genes por el ambiente (p. ej., consumo de alcohol o tabaco durante el embarazo por parte de la madre) y su diferente influencia en la estructura y función del cerebro conlleva además un incremento notable de la complejidad y la heterogeneidad del TDAH u otros trastornos del neurodesarrollo [8,9]. Tanto la CIE-10 como la CIE-11 mantienen un conjunto sintomático descriptivo en el cual la inatención y el exceso de actividad deben superar a lo esperado para la edad y el cociente intelectual del niño [2,10]. El DSM-5 conserva el carácter categórico y politético en el diagnóstico del TDAH, a pesar de haber entrado en la categoría de los trastornos del neurodesarrollo; son necesarios un número ‘x’ de síntomas para el diagnóstico, teniendo cada uno de los síntomas el mismo ‘peso’ en dicho diagnóstico [1,11]. Esta circunstancia se sigue desmarcando del carácter evolutivo de los síntomas. El TDAH, Trastorno por déficit de atención/hiperactividad: perspectiva desde el neurodesarrollo
Acclimation of snow gum (Eucalyptus pauciflora) leaf respiration to seasonal and diurnal variations in temperature: the importance of changes in the capacity and temperature sensitivity of respiration

We investigated the relationship between daily and seasonal temperature variation and dark respiratory CO(2) release by leaves of snow gum (Eucalyptus pauciflora Sieb. ex Spreng) that were grown in their natural habitat or under controlled-environment conditions. The open grassland field site in SE Australia was characterized by large seasonal and diurnal changes in air temperature. On each measurement day, leaf respiration rates in darkness were measurement in situ at 2-3 h intervals over a 24 h period, with measurements being conducted at the ambient leaf temperature. The rate of respiration at a set measuring temperature (i.e. apparent 'respiratory capacity') was greater in seedlings grown under low average daily temperatures (i.e. acclimation occurred), both in the field and under controlled-environment conditions. The sensitivity of leaf respiration to diurnal changes in temperature (i.e. the Q(10) of leaf respiration) exhibited little seasonal variation over much of the year. However, Q(10) values were significantly greater on cold winter days (i.e. when daily average and minimum air temperatures were below 6 degrees and -1 degree C, respectively). These differences in Q(10) values were not due to biasarizing from the contrasting daily temperature amplitudes in winter and summer, as the Q(10) of leaf respiration was constant over a wide temperature range in short-term experiments. Due to higher Q(10) values in winter, there was less difference between winter and summer leaf respiration rates measured at 5 degrees C than at 25 degrees C. The net result of these changes was that there was relatively little difference in total daily leaf respiratory CO(2) release per unit leaf dry mass in winter and summer. Under controlled-environment conditions, acclimation of respiration to growth temperature occurred in as little as 1-3 d. Acclimation was associated with a change in the concentration of soluble sugars under controlled conditions, but not in the field. Our data suggest that acclimation in the field may be associated with the onset of cold-induced photo-inhibition. We conclude that cold-acclimation of dark respiration in snow gum leaves is characterized by changes in both the temperature sensitivity and apparent 'capacity' of the respiratory apparatus, and that such changes will have an important impact on the carbon economy of snow gum plants.
Green gamification: How gamified information presentation affects pro-environmental behavior

Although most people believe that climate change and sustainability are important problems, too few actively engage in pro-environmental behavior. Why is that? The psychological distance to the consequences of climate change is too high. Therefore, people have the perception that their actions do not affect climate change. Drawing on construal level theory, this research examines whether gamified information presentation (i.e., providing information in the form of a game with visual or numerical feedback) enhances pro-environmental behavior by reducing the psychological distance. Results from an online experiment with a follow-up survey reveal that visual feedback increases pro-environmental behavior through perceived vividness, while numerical feedback works through perceived information quality. These findings advance the understanding of the psychological outcomes that govern how people respond to receiving environmental information in the form of gamification. Further, they provide important practical implications on how policy makers might use gamified information presentation to nudge pro-environmental behavior.
A Framework for User Assistance on Predictive Models

Data analysis generally requires very specialized skills, especially when applying machine learning tasks. The ambition of the paper is to propose a framework assisting a domain expert user to analyse his data, in a context of predictive analysis. In particular, the framework includes a recommender system for the workflow of analysis tasks. Because the lack of explanation in recommendations can lead to loss of confidence, a complementary system is proposed to better understand the predictive models recommended. This complementary system aims to help the user to understand and exploit the results of the data analysis, by relying on his data expertise. The framework is validated through a pool of questions and a mock-up showing the interest of the approach
Placement optimisation in a lean manufacturing environment

Introduction Minimizing lost production time is a key objective of most production managers. Production equipment requires fast setup, fast changeover and optimised running. These managers have an array of different tools at their disposal to assist them in analysing the process, placement accuracy, inventory control and stock management. Ensuring that there are sufficient components in stock to meet production needs without building excess and potentially redundant inventory is critical to the success of an efficient lean manufacturing operation. More especially today, with lead-free components that have a reduced shelf-life compared to their SnPb counterparts, the difference between an efficiently run stock room and a fully optimised placement system can have a significant impact on the profitability of the job.
The Gap between Deep Learning and Law: Predicting Employment Notice

This study aims to determine whether Natural Language Processing with deep learning models can shed new light on the Canadian calculation system for employment notice. In particular, we investigate whether deep learning can enhance the predictability of notice period, that is, whether it is possible to predict notice period with high accuracy. A major challenge with the classification of reasonable notice is the inconsistency of the case law. As argued by the Ontario Court of Appeal, the process of determining reasonable notice is "more art than science". In a previous study, we assessed the predictability of reasonable notice periods by applying statistical machine learning to a hand-annotated dataset of 850 cases. Building on this past study, this paper utilizes state-of-the-art deep learning models on a free-text summary of cases. We further ex-periment with a variety of domain adaptations of state-of-the-art pretrained BERT-esque models. Our results appear to show that the domain adaptations of BERT-esque models negatively affected performance. Our best performing model was an out-of-the-box RoBERTa base model which achieved a 69% accuracy using a +/-2 prediction window.
Maternal investment in northern fur seals ( Callorhinus ursinus ): interrelationships among mothers' age, size, parturition date, offspring size and sex ratios

The analysis of life-history traits suggests that the age and size of female mammals at parturition will affect the birth size and survival of their offspring. We collected data from 252 mother–pup pairs of northern fur seals on Bering Island, Russia, during the 1994 and 1996 breeding seasons to determine the interrelationships among the mothers' age and mass, the sex of the pup, the parturition date, and the length and mass of the pup at birth. Among reproductive females of 19 years, mass increased with age. The mean mass of the oldest class of females (20–23 years) was lighter than the 16–19 year age group but not different from the mean mass of the 7- to 15-year-old females; a quadratic model of mass on age gave similar results, and indicated a maximum mass at age 19 years. We suggest that this may be an effect of a higher rate of survival among leaner animals. Female pups were lighter than males at birth. There was no evidence that the sex ratio of pups differed from 1:1 over the range of observed mothers' mass and age or parturition dates. Older mothers tended to give birth earlier than younger mothers, and heavier mothers earlier than lighter mothers. The relationship of the size of pups at birth and their mothers' age was adequately described with a quadratic model, which predicted a maximum size for mothers at age 12–13 years. The size of pups at birth and the size of their mothers was described with a logistic model which predicted that the size of pups increased for mothers up to 41 kg, with no further increase for heavier mothers. The total amount of variability in birth size explained by the combined models is < one-third of the total, which implies that other influences, such as the contribution of the fathers and individual variation, are also important. The relative maternal investment, measured as the ratio of pup mass to mothers' mass, ranged from 20% for younger and smaller females to 10% for older and heavier females. In addition, relative maternal investment was found to be higher than for other pinnipeds.
Corticosteroid binding globulin and glucocorticoid receptor genotypes influence body composition in a male population

Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) polymorphisms have been repeatedly associated with obesity and metabolic parameters in man. We have previously shown the genetic influence of a polymorphism in the gene encoding CBG on some obesity parameters in a small female population. In this study we have explored possible genetic associations between obesity and metabolic measures and CBG or GR polymorphisms in a new male population. Two hundred and ninety-five men with body mass index (BMI) ranging from 19 to 55 kg/m
Retroperitoneoscopic distal pancreatectomy: a new surgical approach

Introduction The traditional laparoscopic surgery is difficult to deal with the deep lesions of the body and tail of the pancreas, which may damage the visceral organs of the abdominal cavity and cause abdominal adhesion and other related complications. Aim This paper introduces the operation procedure of retroperitoneoscopy in pancreatic surgery, and evaluates its feasibility in clinical application. Material and methods Retrospective analysis was performed on patients with retroperitoneal pancreatectomy in our hospital. The anatomical features of the fascia, surgical plane composition and surgical pathway of the fascia of the retroperitoneoscopic pancreatectomy were observed during the operation, and the surgical safety and feasibility were analyzed. The following parameters were evaluated: operation time, blood loss, pancreatic fistula, postoperative gastro-intestinal recovery, hospital stay. Results All 3 patients had a smooth operation and no serious complications occurred. During retroperitoneal laparoscopic pancreatectomy, there is a vascularized plane between the posterior fascia of the pancreas and the prerenal fascia, which can avoid injury of the visceral organs and retroperitoneal vessels. The anterior renal fascia should be used as the posterior boundary of the safe separation plane. Conclusions The surgical plane based on the anatomy of the fascia and interstitial dissection is the theoretical basis of modern surgery, which is safe, fast and effective. The inter-prerenal fascia plane is the correct and safe anatomical plane of posterior laparoscopic surgery.
Brown Seaweed as an Indicator of Heavy Metals in Estuaries in South-West England

Concentrations of copper, zinc, lead, manganese and iron in the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus have been measured in samples collected over its range of distribution in four estuaries having different degrees of metal contamination. Factors controlling the concentrations in the weed have been studied and include the concentrations of metals in the water, seasonal changes, the position of the weed in the intertidal zone and the particular portion of the plant which is analysed. It is concluded that analysis of the weed gives a reasonable indication of average conditions in the water at points along an estuary and provides a method of making comparisons with the same estuary in subsequent years or with other estuaries.
Salivary microRNA 155, 146a/b and 203: A pilot study for potentially non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers of periodontitis and diabetes mellitus

Dysregulated expression of MicroRNAs (miRNAs) plays substantial role in the initiation and progression of both diabetes and periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to validate four miRNAs in saliva as potential predictive biomarkers of periodontal disease among patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM). MiRNAs were extracted from the saliva of 24 adult subjects with DM and 29 healthy controls. Each group was subdivided into periodontally healthy or having periodontitis. In silico analysis identified 4 miRNAs (miRNA 155, 146 a/b and 203) as immune modulators. The expression of miRNAs-146a/b, 155, and 203 was tested using quantitative PCR. The expression levels in the study groups were compared to explore the effect of diabetes on periodontal status and vice versa. In our cohort, the four miRNAs expression were higher in patients with periodontitis and/or diabetes. miRNA-155 was the most reliable predictors of periodontitis among non-diabetics with an optimum cut-off value of < 8.97 with accuracy = 82.6%. MiRNA 146a, on the other hand, was the only reliable predictor of periodontitis among subjects with diabetes with optimum cut-off value of ≥11.04 with accuracy = 86.1%. The results of the present study concluded that MiRNA-146a and miRNA155 in saliva provide reliable, non-invasive, diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers that can be used to monitor periodontal health status among diabetic and non-diabetic patients.
Genetic diversity within Lablab purpureus and the application of gene-specific markers from a range of legume species

Molecular markers have been used to study genetic diversity within a set of Lablab purpureus accessions collected from the southern states of India. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) molecular marker studies using a total of 78 L. purpureus accessions with nine primer combinations showed there was very little genetic diversity within the L. purpureus accessions from the southern Indian germplasm collection as compared to a set of 15 accessions from other international germplasm collections that included African accessions. The set of 15 were selected from a random amplified length polymorphism (RAPD) marker study and chosen on the basis of widest genetic distance. Further molecular analysis with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) markers from 97 expressed sequence tag (EST) and gene-specific primer pairs, designed from a range of legume sequences, concurred with the AFLP analyses. Both of these approaches provide a wealth of markers for diversity and mapping studies. The 97 sequence-specific primer pairs tested in L. purpureus resulted in 70% amplification success, with 44% of primer pairs amplifying single bands and 10% double bands. Markers generated from these EST and genomic sequences provide useful cross-reference to comparative legume genomics that will potentially have long-term benefit to legume plant breeding.
Burkholderia pseudomallei: AN UPDATE ON DISEASE, VIRULENCE AND HOST INTERACTION

Burkholderia pseudomallei is the etiological agent of melioidosis, a life-threatening disease of humans and animals that occurs primarily in Southeast Asia and northern Australia. The distribution of B. pseudomallei and occurrence of melioidosis globally is very much evident. This soil and water-dwelling saprophyte is resilient to various environments. This organism has gained further notoriety following the Centre for Disease Control’s classification of B. pseudomalleias a Tier 1 biological agent. Despite several decades of clinical research, the mortality rate for melioidosis remains high. Genomics-based studies have demonstrated the plasticity of the B. pseudomallei genome and the coding sequences consists of a myriad of functions that enable the bacteria to adapt to these hostile environments as well as various hosts. Diagnosis is mainly based on bacterial culture or serological assays whilst treatment is limited to third generation cephalosporins. To date, no vaccine is currently available as an immunoprophylaxis for melioidosis. By utilising the available genome sequence, a number of virulence factors have recently been identified and have provided more insight into the pathogenesis of B. pseudomallei. These factors include surface associated proteins as well as secreted effector proteins and their corresponding secretion systems. In addition, a number of recent studies on host-pathogen interaction have also demonstrated how the pathogen is able to subvert the host immune system and survive within the cell. This review presents an overview of the current understanding on B. pseudomallei pathogenesis and the disease melioidosis.
The effect of gamification on students engagement: A preliminary study

The use of game elements and mechanics in a non-game context, gamification, is being applied in both academia and industries in recent years. However, the evaluation process to recognize the benefits and limitations of us-ing this concept in education still requires further investigation. This paper aims to investigate the effect of the gamification element on student behavioral engagement in an online course. A leaderboard plugin was developed and deployed in a Learning Management System (LMS). To investigate the effect, a quasi-experimental design was used with 48 students, in the middle school’s computer course in Saudi Arabia. The effect of the leaderboard plugin was compared to those without a gamification plugin in the same educational setting. Initial findings indicate that the gamified online course presents better re-sults than the traditional online course.
Recent Advances and Trends of Nanofilled/Nanostructured Epoxies

This paper aims at reviewing the works published in the last five years (2016–2020) on polymer nanocomposites based on epoxy resins. The different nanofillers successfully added to epoxies to enhance some of their characteristics, in relation to the nature and the feature of each nanofiller, are illustrated. The organic–inorganic hybrid nanostructured epoxies are also introduced and their strong potential in many applications has been highlighted. The different methods and routes employed for the production of nanofilled/nanostructured epoxies are described. A discussion of the main properties and final performance, which comprise durability, of epoxy nanocomposites, depending on chemical nature, shape, and size of nanoparticles and on their distribution, is presented. It is also shown why an efficient uniform dispersion of the nanofillers in the epoxy matrix, along with strong interfacial interactions with the polymeric network, will guarantee the success of the application for which the nanocomposite is proposed. The mechanisms yielding to the improved properties in comparison to the neat polymer are illustrated. The most important applications in which these new materials can better exploit their uniqueness are finally presented, also evidencing the aspects that limit a wider diffusion.
Gabor Feature-Based LogDemons With Inertial Constraint for Nonrigid Image Registration

Nonrigid image registration plays an important role in the field of computer vision and medical application. The methods based on Demons algorithm for image registration usually use intensity difference as similarity criteria. However, intensity based methods can not preserve image texture details well and are limited by local minima. In order to solve these problems, we propose a Gabor feature based LogDemons registration method in this article, called GFDemons. We extract Gabor features of the registered images to construct feature similarity metric since Gabor filters are suitable to extract image texture information. Furthermore, because of the weak gradients in some image regions, the update fields are too small to transform the moving image to the fixed image correctly. In order to compensate this deficiency, we propose an inertial constraint strategy based on GFDemons, named IGFDemons, using the previous update fields to provide guided information for the current update field. The inertial constraint strategy can further improve the performance of the proposed method in terms of accuracy and convergence. We conduct experiments on three different types of images and the results demonstrate that the proposed methods achieve better performance than some popular methods.