Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The combined use of CALIOP, MODIS and OMI level 2 aerosol products for calculating direct aerosol radiative effects

We describe a technique for combining CALIOP aerosol backscatter, MODIS spectral AOD (aerosol optical depth), and OMI AAOD (absorption aerosol optical depth) measurements for the purpose of calculating direct aerosol radiative effects. In the first step of our strategy for combining these data sets we seek to find combinations of bi-modal microphysical aerosol particle models that are reconcilable with the MODIS, OMI and CALIOP observations within the uncertainties of their respective retrievals. In a second step, we use these models to forward calculate the aerosol radiative properties required for a full assessment of the direct aerosol radiative forcing, i.e. spectral extinction/AOD, single scattering albedo and asymmetry parameter. In the final step, we use a radiative transfer model to determine how the range of microphysical retrievals translates into a range of radiative forcing estimates. We show sensitivity studies and first results from actual collocated CALIOP V3, MODIS and OMI data collected in 2007.
A THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON OF THE ITERATIVE EQUIVALENT SOURCE METHOD AND THE GENERALIZED INVERSE BEAMFORMING

Many acoustic source mapping methods exist to perform noise source localization and quantification and appear to be powerful tools for acoustic diagnosis in industrial applications. Two classes of methods have known many developments in the last few decades: deconvolution algorithms combined with beamforming (CLEAN, DAMAS, etc) and inverse methods such as the Equivalent Source Method (ESM) and the Generalized Inverse Beamforming (GIB). In this paper, a special attention will be paid to the use of inverse methods in complex acoustic environments. Recently, Suzuki has demonstrated the applicability of the GIB to the study of aerodynamic sound sources [25], highlighting comparable performances to the existing deconvolution techniques. On the other hand, an iterative version of the ESM has been proposed in the context of acoustic imaging in closed spaces, at INSA Lyon [22]. This paper provides a theoretical and experimental comparison between two inverse methods: the iterative ESM and the GIB using various benchmark problems and aeroacoustic experimental data. The experimental set-up consists of a steel rod placed in the potential core of a rectangular jet inside an open-jet anechoic wind tunnel. It will be shown that both methods are based on similar mathematical formulations although they were developed for different application fields. Reconstruction performances of the algorithms in terms of localization and quantification will be discussed as well as their computational efficiency.
Long‐Term Storing of Frozen Semen at −196°C does not Affect the Post-Thaw Sperm Quality of Bull Semen

Today, it is theoretically assumed that frozen storage of semen doses in liquid nitrogen guarantees sperm functionality indefinitely. However, there are few studies that objectively evaluate the effects of long‐term storage on sperm quality parameters. In this study, we show a freezability analysis of bull semen stored for 1, 10, 25, 40 and 45 years at −196°C. Sperm viability and full sperm motility were analyzed by CASA system, and acrosome integrity was assessed with Coomassie blue staining. Our results showed that sperm viability and total sperm motility were not affected by long‐term cryopreserva‐ tion at −196°C. Specifically, we did not find any significant differences (p > 0.05) associated between different long‐time storing analyzed; both parameters showed optimal values of sperm viability and total sperm motility (both over 60%). Additionally, the acrosomal integrity parameter was not affected, showing an optimal range (87±1.6 ‐ 95±0.5%). We conclude that the sperm quality of bovine semen is not affected by long‐ term storage at −196°C. However, future field trials will be necessary in order to validate that both fertility and embryo viability are maintained for the times analyzed.
Meanings, beliefs and attitudes of the neonatal unit staff in México about the parents' participation in a neonatal unit: A qualitative approach

Background and context: The two most important factors and determinants of morbidity and mortality of the newborn are prematurity and low birth weight, c hildren are admitted in neonatal unit and require many specialized therapeutic interventions, thus, a medical and technical focus is predominating. T he staff of neonatal unit ha s a challenge in provide support to parents´ participation i n the care of their child. The study was performed in a public hospital offering second-level care in San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Purpose : To identify and analyze the meanings, beliefs and attitudes of the neonatal unit staff about the Mexican parents' participation in the care of hospitalized preterm neonates. Design and Methods : A qualitative research study was conducted at a neonatal unit in Mexico. Data collection consisted of semi-structured and recorded in-person interviews with staff who signed an informed consent. The analysis method used was content analysis in its thematic mode. Results: The results summarize the most relevant information of the meanings, beliefs and attitudes of the health professionals- benefits, barriers, encouragement-, about the parents’ participation in a Mexican neonatal unit. Three themes emerged: The parental participation benefits the hospitalized premature infants; restriction and barriers for parents’ participation; encouragement of parents’ participation. Conclusions: The staff considered parental participation to be important, and they therefore proposed certain changes to promote participation based on a system of teamwork and a transformation of the hospital rules, emphasizing the experiences of parents in the NU and supporting their emotional responses and feelings. The participants thought that they should be teaching about childcare. However, controversy was revealed among the practitioners regarding parental involvement with respect to gender, particularly the idea that the mother should be the main presence whereas the father should be a recipient of information, despite expressing a positive view of the father’s inclusion and his right to take care of his child. Summary: T he hospitalization of premature neonates produces separation from their families. Parental visit to NUs in Mexico depends on factors such as human milk production, neonate clinical conditions and medical treatment. It also depends on the meanings, beliefs, attitudes of the health team concerning the parents´ participation. This study provides information on parental participation to promote unrestricted access to the neonatal unit. Potential implications: The construction of a model of family participation based on a framework of parental participation in the NICU .
EFFECT OF SEDIMENTARY AND METAMORPHIC AGGREGATE ON STATIC MODULUS OF ELASTICITY OF HIGH-STRENGTH CONCRETE

Taking into account the increasing use of high-strength concrete as a structural material in Colombia, this paper shows the results of research carried out to investigate the effect of different types of coarse aggregate on the static elastic modulus, the compressive strength, the concrete density, and the pulse velocity. To do this, concrete mixes were cast using three different water binder ratios (w/c) (0.36, 0.32, and 0.28). Ordinary Portland cement and pulverized silica fume (SF) were used as cementitiuos materials, while four types of coarse aggregates obtained from different sources near Bogota, Colombia were utilized to prepare the concrete samples. Results were analyzed statistically and these showed that the behavior of all the tests followed a normal frequency distribution. Correlations were found among the mixes. From the experimental data obtained in this study, it was concluded that the equations proposed in standard codes overestimated the modulus of elasticity of high-strength concrete, so empirical equations were obtained in order to predict the elastic modulus of elasticity in high-strength concrete.
Determinant of Profitability in Cowpea Production in Takum Local Government Area of Taraba State, Nigeria

Abstract The study determined the profitability level in cowpea production in Takum Local Government Area of Taraba state, Nigeria. The broad objective of the study was to determine the factors affecting farmer’s profit in cowpea production in Takum local government area of Taraba state. A multi stage and purposive sampling procedure was used. The districts were divided into four according to the political zoning. Eight villages were purposively selected from each of the districts based on its importance in cowpea production. Ten farmers were randomly selected from each village using simple random. About 80 farmers were selected to form the sample size. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, profit function and the gross margin analysis. The profit function analysis revealed that the costs of hired labour and mechanized labour were statistically significant at 5% level of significance while the cost of fertilizer and the cost of rented land were statistically significant at 10% level significance. The negative coefficient shows that the costs of hired labour, mechanized labour and fertilizer were found to be inversely related to profit. The costs and returns analysis revealed that cowpea production in the study area is profitable venture, with the gross margin of N54,909.75/ha and return per man-day of N156.89 / ha. Pests and diseases were ranked the most important constraint followed by high cost of inputs, storage handling, transportation and soil infertility. It is recommended that the business of cowpea production should be encouraged since it is a profitable venture. Farmers should also be encouraged to form cooperatives to take advantages of the economies of scale to reduce cost and improve profit.
Antioxidant capacity of egg, milk and soy protein hydrolysates and biopeptides produced by Bromelia pinguin and Bromelia karatas-derived proteases

Given the lack of knowledge in the generation and biological activity of biopeptides (BP) produced by Bromelia pinguin and Bromelia karatas-derived proteases, the objective of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity (AOX) of protein hydrolysates and peptide fractions from hydrolysis of egg, milk and soy proteins with enzymes extracted from Bromelia pinguin and Bromelia karatas fruits. The degree of hydrolysis (DH) of the mentioned proteins was measured. The hydrolysates were sequentially fractionated by ultrafiltration using different membrane pore sizes (≤30, ≤10, ≤5 and ≤1 kDa) to obtain biopeptide fractions (BPF). The antioxidant capacity (AOX) of protein hydrolysates and BPF were evaluated. AOX was performed using 2,2´-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS•+), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. after the enzymatic action of B. pinguin and B. karatas proteases, the highest DH values for egg, milk and soy protein hydrolysates ranged from 50-61%, 55-68% and 73-81%, respectively. The AOX was higher for soy hydrolysates than for egg and milk hydrolysates. Additionally, the highest AOX from ABTS and FRAP assays was observed for BPF ≤30 kDa, PF ≤5 kDa and ≤1 kDa, respectively. These results highlight the potential of B. pinguin and B. karatas proteases to hydrolyze food proteins and release bioactive peptides. Moreover, it has been shown that the hydrolysis products are a mixture of BP of different molecular weights, which could present AOX through different mechanisms.
Hydrogen adsorption in new carbon materials

Hydrogen physisorption on porous carbon materials is one among the different technologies which could be used for hydrogen storage. In addition hydrogen spillover on a carbon supports can enhance the hydrogen adsorption capacities obtained by physisorption. In this study two different carbon supports were synthesised: carbon gels and carbon microspheres. Carbon microspheres were doped with Ni(NO3)2 to study the hydrogen spillover on carbon support. The texture of the materials was characterised by CO2 adsorption at 0 oC and their hydrogen storage capacity was evaluated at -196 and 10 oC with a Micromeritics Tristar 3000, and at room temperature with a high pressure gravimetric analyser.
Evolutionary patterns of asymmetric genitalia in the beetle tribe Cyclocephalini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)

The evolution of asymmetric genitalia is a common and recurrent phenomenon in a wide variety of insect taxa. However, little is understood about the evolution of left-right asymmetry in reproductive structures. Since a better knowledge of it could have an important impact on the study of genital evolution, in the present study we investigate the phylogenetic and evolutionary patterns of asymmetric male genitalia in Cyclocephalini. We use a Procrustes distance based method for quantifying asymmetry. Analysis of 119 species belonging to 14 genera revealed a diverse array of asymmetries with a strong indication that asymmetries are more strongly developed in the terminal part of the aedeagus. Further, we find that asymmetries have evolved repeatedly within this small taxon. Micro-CT scans, a technique not employed before in studies of genital asymmetry, are made of several symmetric and asymmetric species. This reveals unexpected asymmetric sclerotised structures inside the otherwise symmetric aedeagus of Cyclocephala amazona, which underlines that asymmetries are not restricted to the exterior of the male genitalia but are also found internally.
Simulation-Based Analysis of Hull-Propeller Interaction for a Single-Screw Transport Ship

The hull-propeller interaction of a single-screw transport ship is investigated in model scale using large-eddy sim- ulation. The analysis is focused on the unsteady effective wake and its impact on the propeller. For the configuration under study, there is a significant flow separation upstream of the propeller which influences the operation. A com- plete geometrical model of the propeller is included in the simulations using two different computational techniques (dynamic grids and sliding interfaces respectively). Com- puted quantities include the time-resolved thrust, torque and side forces on the propeller, as well as the load on in- dividual blades. The simulated unsteady flow field in the stern region and around the propeller blades is studied in detail. Results are also provided for the pressure fluctua- tions on the hull above the propeller. Comparison with ex- perimental measurements is carried out both for the flow field and forces on the propeller. Furthermore, results are presented for the towed hull (without propulsion) and the propeller in open-water condition, and the hydrodynamic differences between the conditions are analysed. A dis- cussion is included concerning the important difference between the actual (instantaneous) environment the pro- peller operates in and the averaged flow which typically is used as input in the design process.
On Unitary Evolution and Collapse in Quantum Mechanics

In the framework of an interference setup in which only two outcomes are possible (such as in the case of a Mach–Zehnder interferometer), we discuss in a simple and pedagogical way the difference between a standard, unitary quantum mechanical evolution and the existence of a real collapse of the wavefunction. This is a central and not-yet resolved question of quantum mechanics and indeed of quantum field theory as well. Moreover, we also present the Elitzur–Vaidman bomb, the delayed choice experiment, and the effect of decoherence. In the end, we propose two simple experiments to visualize decoherence and to test the role of an entangled particle. Quanta 2014; 3: 156–170.
Chapter 2 Piezoelectricity and Energy Harvester Modelling

The direct piezoelectric effect is well-suited for harnessing environmental vibrations and to convert them into usable electrical energy. Coated on a cantilever beam, piezoelectric ceramics allows simple energy harvesting without additional mechanical structures. In addition, relatively small external excitations result in output voltages of several volts which do not require low-efficient startup mechanisms as known from thermoelectric generators. In order to give the reader a feeling about what is important for developing interface circuitry for piezoelectric energy harvesters, the basics of piezoelectricity and its usage in energy harevsting are presented in this chapter. After the physical conversion principle has been introduced roughly, its application in cantilever beam harvesters is explained. The last two sections are about the modeling of kinetic, vibration based energy harvesters in general and piezoelectric energy harvesters in particular. Electrical equivalent circuits of the energy harvesters are essential for the simulation of entire energy harvesting systems composed of the mechanical harvester structure and the electrical interface circuitry on one hand, and on the other hand to understand their behavior by means of analytical calculations.
A meta-analysis of distributed leadership from 2002 to 2013

This article provides a meta-analysis of research conducted on distributed leadership from 2002 to 2013. It continues the review of distributed leadership commissioned by the English National College for School Leadership (NCSL) (Distributed Leadership: A Desk Study, Bennett et al., 2003), which identified two gaps in the research during the 1996–2002 period. The review found that the studies had been unable to conceptualise distributed leadership or empirically outline its application. The two research gaps identified by Bennett et al. (2003) constitute the focus of the present review, which attempts to determine whether recent research has been able to fill these gaps. Based on the findings of the present meta-analysis, the authors recommend directions for future studies on distributed leadership.
Helios: a tangible and augmented environment to learn optical phenomena in astronomy

France is among the few countries that have integrated astronomy in primary school levels. However, for fifteen years, a lot of studies have shown that children have difficulties in understanding elementary astronomic phenomena such as day/night alternation, seasons or moon phases’ evolution. To understand these phenomena, learners have to mentally construct 3D perceptions of aster motions and to understand how light propagates from an allocentric point of view. Therefore, 4-5 grades children (8 to 11 years old), who are developing their spatial cognition, have many difficulties to assimilate geometric optical problems that are linked to astronomy. To make astronomical learning more efficient for young pupils, we have designed an Augmented Inquiry-Based Learning Environment (AIBLE): HELIOS. Because manipulations in astronomy are intrinsically not possible, we propose to manipulate the underlying model. With HELIOS, virtual replicas of the Sun, Moon and Earth are directly manipulated from tangible manipulations. This digital support combines the possibilities of Augmented Reality (AR) while maintaining intuitive interactions following the principles of didactic of sciences. Light properties are taken into account and shadows of Earth and Moon are directly produced by an omnidirectional light source associated to the virtual Sun. This AR environment provides users with experiences they would otherwise not be able to experiment in the physical world. Our main goal is that students can take active control of their learning, express and support their ideas, make predictions and hypotheses, and test them by conducting investigations.
Methodological Approaches to the Research of the Problem of Training of Future Social Workers

The article analyzes methodological approaches to the research of the problem of training of future social workers. Are summarized the views of various authors who are dedicated to the study of general and specific academic approach to education. In particular, the nature of the problem, contextual, interactive, competency approaches highlighted the importance of these approaches to model building practice-oriented training future social workers.
Development of trinucleotide (GGC)n SSR markers in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an oilseed crop of economic importance. It is native to South America, and it is grown extensively in the semi-arid tropics of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Given an extremely narrow genetic base, efforts are being made to develop simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to provide useful genetic and genomic tools for the peanut research community. A SSR-enriched library to isolate trinucleotide (GGC)n SSRs in peanut was constructed. A total of 143 unique sequences containing (GGC)n repeats were identified. One hundred thirty eight primer pairs were successfully designed at the flanking regions of SSRs. A suitable polymerase was chosen to amplify these GC-rich sequences. Although a low level of polymorphism was observed in cultivated peanut by these new developed SSRs, a high level of transferability to wild species would be beneficial to increasing the number of SSRs in wild species
Complex Network Framework Based Comparative Study of Power Grid Centrality Measures

New closeness and betweenness based centrality measures have been evaluated in this paper. Power grid is modeled as a directed graph. The graph is analyzed in terms of complex network theory to identify influential nodes which control power flow pattern throughout the whole grid and as a result can create cascade if removed unintentionally or targetedly. Various measures of impacts have been analyzed to show that power grid has scale-free network characteristics, i.e., it is very much vulnerable to targeted node removal. Measures of impacts include characteristic path length, connectivity loss and blackout size. Rank similarity analysis have been carried out to show that nominal condition of power system gives critical nodes which remain critical with changes in system operating conditions as well. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.11591/ijece.v3i4. 3312
HEKSAN-ETANOL SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF CALOPHYLUM OIL AND RESINUSING HEXANE-ETHANOL MIXTURE Ika

Calophyllum seeds are potential to be used as raw material for vegetable oil production due to their high oil content (75.1% db). In addition, Calophyllum seeds contain resin consistingbeneficial phenolic compounds for health. In this study, Calophyllum seeds were extracted using hexane-ethanol mixture to investigate oil and resin yields and their physicochemical properties, and to obtain the best process condition in oil and resin production from Calophyllum seeds. Experiment was carried out using randomized complete design with threefactors, i.e. extraction times (5-7 h), temperatures (40-50°C), and hexane to ethanol ratios (2:4, 3:3 and 4:2). The result of variance analysis showed that extraction time and hexane to ethanol ratio affected significantly on oil and resin yields, density, acid and iod values, whereas temperature influenced only on oil yield, density and acid value. Best oil (58.2%) and resin (16.2%) yields were respectively obtained at 5h extraction time, 50°C temperature and 4:2 hexane to ethanol ratio, and 5hextraction time, 40°C temperature and 2:4 hexane to ethanol ratio. At these optimum conditions, the oil had acid value of 14.89 mg KOH/g, iodine value of 60.75 g iodine/100 g, viscosity (25°C) of 71.46 mPa.s, and density (25°C) of 0.86 g/cm. On the other hand, the resin had acid value of 133.76 mg KOH/g.