Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A wilt of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. edulis Sims) caused by Fusarium solani and Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica

Abstract A wilt of purple passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. edulis Sims) is widespread in Zimbabwe. Fusarium solani was consistently isolated from discoloured vascular tissue of plants obtained from several farms. All isolates of the fungus were pathogenic. The possible role of Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica in the wilt disease was investigated because it was frequently isolated from the stem base of plants affected by passion fruit wilt and from dying seedlings. Plants inoculated with F. solani slowly succumbed to the wilt, whereas those infected with a mixture of F. solani and P. nicotianae v. parasitica or P. nicotianae v. parasitica alone died rapidly. Planting stock is grown from seed of P. edulis which is very susceptible to both pathogens. Red passion fruit (Passiflora caerulea) is resistant to both pathogens and should be considered as an alternative rootstock.
Development of species-specific markers in an organism with endosymbionts: microsatellites in the scleractinian coral Seriatopora hystrix

We report on the development of microsatellites in Seriatopora hystrix , a coral with algal endosymbionts. In order to obtain a genomic library free of algal DNA, we conducted a whole genome preamplification from minute amounts of symbiont-free tissue. The resulting fragments were cloned into pUC18, and Escherichia coli were transformed with the recombinant plasmids. Twenty-nine microsatellites were isolated from a library screen with a fluorescently labelled (CA) 15 probe. Five of these yielded reliable polymorphic markers.
Characterization of topoisomerase IIα gene amplification and deletion in breast cancer

Topoisomerase IIα (TOP2A) is a key enzyme in DNA replication and a molecular target for many important anticancer drugs. TOP2A is amplified or deleted together with amplification of the closely located ERBB2/HER‐2/neu oncogene in breast cancer. We characterized the copy number aberrations of TOP2A and ERBB2 in 136 primary breast tumors by FISH. Among the 70 primary tumors with ERBB2 amplification, amplification of TOP2A was found in 29 (41%); 30 tumors (43%) showed a physical deletion of TOP2A; and the copy number for TOP2A was not altered in 11 tumors with ERBB2 amplification (16%). No TOP2A gene aberrations were identified in 65 primary tumors without ERBB2 amplification. Fiber FISH revealed that simultaneously amplified ERBB2 and TOP2A were not present in the same amplicon, because repetitive tandem repeat‐like signals of ERBB2 and TOP2A were in separate DNA fibers. The deletion of TOP2A (seen in the MDA‐361 cell line and in 31 primary tumors) was interstitial, spanning less than two megabases of DNA. Mean copy numbers of TOP2A (2.4 ± 0.6 for TOP2A vs. 4.9 ± 1.1 for chromosome 17 centromere) suggest that the deletion of TOP2A occurs before polyploidization of the genome. Eight primary tumors with high‐level ERBB2 amplification showed a new type of intratumoral heterogeneity; two different cell clones with either high‐level amplification or deletion of TOP2A were found adjacent to each other in the same tumor. These results indicate that amplification of the ERBB2 oncogene is followed by complex secondary genetic aberrations, which lead to amplification or deletion of the TOP2A gene in a majority of tumors. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 26:142–150, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Arroz: composição e características nutricionais

Devido a importância do arroz na dieta, sua composicao e suas caracteristicas nutricionais estao diretamente relacionadas a saude da populacao. Este cereal constitui-se em fonte de energia, devido ao alto teor de amido, fornecendo tambem proteinas, lipidios, vitaminas e minerais. O presente trabalho de revisao objetivou examinar a composicao do arroz, suas caracteristicas nutricionais e o melhoramento destas atraves da genetica. Sao observadas variacoes na composicao do arroz, tanto devido ao genotipo quanto ao processamento, afetando as caracteristicas nutricionais. O arroz apresenta efeito positivo na prevencao de diversas doencas cronicas devido a diferentes constituintes, e sua composicao vem sendo melhorada atraves da genetica, obtendo-se graos com caracteristicas nutricionais mais interessantes.
Enzymatic oxidative polymerization of pyrogallic acid for preparation of hindered phenol antioxidant

A novel antioxidant with high molecular weight was successfully synthesized via horseradish peroxide-catalyzed oxidative polymerization of pyrogallic acid. As-synthesized poly(pyrogallic acid), a black powder completely soluble in common organic solvents, has a number-averaged molecular weight of about several thousand and consists of phenylene and oxyphenylene units. Besides, as-prepared poly(pyrogallic acid) exhibits much better thermal stability and antioxidant capacity than butylated hydroxyanisole (denoted as BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (denoted as BHT), two kinds of commercial antioxidants. And it was also found that the higher phenolic content the pyrogallic acid polymer possess, the better antioxidant activity the poly(pyrogallic acid) shows. More importantly, poly(pyrogallic acid) could effectively inhibit the oxidation degradation of polypropylene (denoted as PP) during plastic processing. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41591.
Use of Plasma Metabolite Concentrations after Glucose Injection to Predict the Genetic Ability of Milk Production in Young Calves

The objective of this study was to identify useful secondary traits to improve the prediction of the genetic ability of milk production in dairy cattle. Thirty-seven Holstein calves were injected with glucose at the rateof 0.15 g/kg body weight after 24 h fast A total of 566 milk records in 238 Holstein cows were collected. Plasma glucose concentration leached a peak 10 min after the injection. The concentrations of plasma non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and total ketone decreased 20 and 30 min after the injection, respectively. The collected blood samples were classified into 3 time groups: T1, 10 to 30 min; T2, 40 to 60 min; and T3, 70 to 90 min after the glucose injection. Heritability estimates of the plasma glucose, NEFA and total ketone concentrations ranged from 0.60 to 0.97 among the 3 time groups (T1, T2, and T3). Genetic correlation between the plasma glucose concentration and milk yield ranged from 0.50 to 0.76 in T1, T2 and T3. Genetic correlation between plasma glucose concentration and fat yield in T1 and T2 was -0.43 and -0.35, respectively. Genetic correlations between plasma NEFA or total ketone concentrations and milk production ranged from -0.22 to -0.97. The use of the concentrations of plasma metabolites increased the reliability of breeding values for animals without milk records by 7.7 to 122.9%, suggesting that the determination of the concentrations of plasma metabolites may improve the accuracy of prediction of the genetic ability of milk production traits. The combination of fast and glucose injection provides a suitable technique for generating plasma metabolites to predict the genetic merit of milk production in dairy cattle.
Lung cancer: An organized cellular and metabolic domain

Immunohistochemical evaluation of lung carcinomas for key enzymes involved in cellular metabolism (lactate dehydrogenase LDH 1 and 5, pyruvate dehydrogenase PDH, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase PDHK-1, monocarboxylate transporters MCT 1, 2 and 4, glucose transporter GLUT1, hypoxia inducible factors HIF1α and 2α) show a complementary metabolic profile between cancer cells and tumor-associated stroma. Cancer cells share enzyme/transporter activities suggestive of an anaerobic metabolism with high affinity for glucose absorption, anaerobic glycolysis and lactate extrusion. On the other hand, the tumour-associated fibroblasts express patterns involved in aerobic pathways and lactate oxidation. These findings bring forward the hypothesis that tumor associated stroma is an accomplice in tumor growth and survival sustaining an independent cellular and metabolic tumor domain. The development of agents exploiting such cancer specific metabolic pathways may prove of importance in the treatment of lung cancer.
Chromosome status of marsh marigold, Caltha palustris L. (Ranunculaceae) from Serbia

Marsh marigold, Caltha palustris is distributed in the moist, temperate and cold regions of the Northern Hemisphere. This species exhibits considerable amount of intraspecific chromosomal diversity involving hybridization, polyploidy, aneuploidy and B chromosomes. Karyotype analyses of three mountain populations from Serbia were done for the first time. All samples were tetraploid (based number x=8) with 2n=32. In population from mountain Tara presence of one B chromosomes was detected. Tetraploid karyotype consists of 17 median-centromeric (m), 8 submedian-centromeric (sm), 7 subterminal-centromeric (st) chromosomes and one terminal-centromeric (t) B chromosome (2n= 17m+8sm+7st+1B). Studied populations in Serbia belong to the most common cytotype for this species in Europe. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 173003]
Transcriptome analysis reveals the oxidative stress response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The oxidation stress tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was improved by global transcription machinery engineering in our previous work. To explore the global perturbation induced by the mutant transcription factor Taf25, an RNA-Seq based gene expression analysis was conducted. Compared to the control strain, a total of 1006 genes with significantly differential expression levels were identified in the mutant strain taf25-3 upon oxidation stress. Fifteen transcription factor-encoding genes were determined, most of which displayed consistent up-regulated signature expressions in response to the challenge of 2 mM H2O2. Based on GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, the identified genes were involved in many metabolic pathways including carbon metabolism, fatty acid degradation, peroxisomal, and synthesis of several amino acids. The genes related to MAP kinase and cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathways were also enriched significantly. The results suggested that the MAP kinase and PKA signaling pathways could be involved in mediation of yeast tolerance against oxidation stress, especially the mating regulation module in MAP kinase which could be reprogrammed by mutation of transcription factor Taf25 in yeast.
Variable Voltage Source Equivalent Model of Modular Multilevel Converter

The structures of modular multilevel converter module (MMC) are very complex, and the numerous sub-modules and output level number bring difficulties for the analysis and simulation. In this paper, assuming the sub-capacitor voltage instantaneous value of a single arm is the same value, the switching frequency of the switch is much higher than the output voltage frequency, the system harmonics were ignored, the system state equations are deduced about the intermediate variables as circulation current and the capacitor voltage between the upper and lower arms. On this basis, a variable voltage source continuous equivalent model is proposed, which may replace the system physical simulation model with the actual simulation study. At the same time, the model reflects the relationship between the output voltage and circulation current,which provide a way to analyze the formation mechanism of circulation and the capacitor voltage fluctuations, and make system analysis simple and intuitive. The simulation results validate that this continuous model is rationality and correctness.
Application of QSARs, extrapolation and equilibrium partitioning in aquatic effects assessment. I. Narcotic industrial pollutants

Quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) estimates of toxicity of narcotic chemicals for 19 species of bacteria, algae, fungi, protozoans, coelenterates, rotifers, molluscs, crustaceans, insects, fish, and amphibians were used to predict no-effect levels (NELs) at the ecosystem level by means of recently developed extrapolation methods. Equilibrium partitioning theory was used to derive NELs for aquatic sediments and internal toxicant concentrations for aquatic organisms. A simple table is given from which NELs for narcotic chemicals for water, sediment, and residues in biota can be predicted on the basis of only the octanol/water partition coefficient and molecular weight. The method may be applied to setting quality criteria for the aquatic environment and to ecotoxicological interpretation of (bio)monitoring data. Calculations were carried out for 102 narcotic compounds.
The North Sea rigs-to-reefs debate

Against a background where a sharp division of stakeholder opinion exists between proponents and opponents, I provide an evaluation of the rigs-to-reefs concept in the North Sea in terms of abandonment legislation, scientific foundation, and perceived acceptability to the environmental and fishing sectors. An analysis of the political situation suggests the need for a revision of the United Kingdom's Best Practicable Environmental Option process. Priority attention should be given to the issues of drill-cuttings piles and the long-term fate of reefs. Offshore reef creation, including deployment in conjunction with a “no fishing” policy, is assessed as politically sensitive and difficult to achieve. Finding supporting beneficiaries and solving cost implications are deemed critical to the planning of a nearshore reef programme. The importance of a genuine stakeholder dialogue process is stressed, as is the crucial role of fishermen to the success of rigs-to-reefs ventures. Copyright 2002 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
DETEKSI KEBERADAAN CITRUS VEIN PHLOEM DEGENERATION (CVPD)

Detection of ocurrence Citrus Vein Phloem Degeneration (CVPD) with PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) technique in Southeast Sulawesi. CVPD disease incidence in Southeast Sulawesi based on symptoms have never been reported. PCR (polymerase chain reaction) technique was utilized to detect CVPD with specific primer forward OI and reverse OI2, specific for amplication of Liberobacter asiaticum DNA. The result of the reseach indicated that 69% of orange trees in Ladongi, Kolaka District and 65% of orange trees in Lalembuu 1, Konawe Selatan district showed the symptom. PCR technique successfully amplified DNA of bacterium L. asiaticum with the size of 1100 bp.
Lethal and sublethal effects of Brevibacillus laterosporus on the housefly (Musca domestica)

Sporulated cultures of an isolate of the entomopathogenic bacterium Brevibacillus laterosporus (Laubach) from soil in Sardinia (Italy) were highly toxic by ingestion to both adults and juveniles of the housefly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae). Toxicity was associated with spores as the culture supernatant was not toxic and no parasporal inclusions were observed. The level of toxicity varied with the concentration of spores, the time of exposure to the treated diet, and the stage of insect development. Comparative LC50 values were 0.72 × 108 and 1.75 × 108 spores per gram of diet for 1st and 2nd instar larvae, respectively, and 3.84 × 108 spores per gram for adults. A significant increase in larval development time and reductions in pupal weight and emergence rate were observed when larvae were fed on diets containing sublethal concentrations of spores. Adults surviving after feeding on a sublethal diet showed a significant reduction in fecundity and longevity. Similarly, adults from treated larvae exhibited a lower fecundity, although their longevity was not influenced. A relationship between pupal weight and adult fecundity was found. Pupal stage duration and egg eclosion were not significantly affected.
EMPLOYING SEMANTIC KNOWLEDGE ON EVENT TRIGGER CLUSTERING

Formerly, most of information extraction systems require the predefined template in order to extract the structured information. Extracting information without predefined template leads to the needs of extracting the template. We propose an approach on event template extraction by clustering the event trigger using semantic similarity information from WordNet synset gloss. We demonstrate in the experiment that the semantic information from WordNet synset gloss improves the event trigger clusters quality. The evaluation result shows that the clusters from WordNet synset gloss achieve the top performance on 8 out of 16 event types, outperform the other approaches. The other approaches that we compared on evaluation including: using co-occurrence information only, using relation similarity from UMBC system, and the combination of co-occurrence and relation similarity.
Slower Growth and Increased Biofilm Formation of Escherichia coli K-12 Stringent Response Mutant, ΔrelA/spoT, under Isoleucine Starvation

Biofilm formation contributes to bacterial virulence and its formation is known to be affected by environmental condition and nutrient availability. Cells enter stringent response under nutrient-limiting conditions where guanosine 5’-triphosphate-3’diphosphate and guanosine 5’-triphosphate-3’-diphosphate, collectively referred to as (p)ppGpp, are continually synthesized by the enzymes RelA and SpoT, and hydrolysis of (p)ppGpp is downregulated. (p)ppGpp regulates growth and other cellular processes including fimbriae expression. To examine the effect of stringent response on biofilm formation of Escherichia coli K-12, we constructed a growth curve and measured biofilm formation for wild type (WT) K-12 and ΔrelA/spoT mutant JKLL12W-2 under nutrient-rich and isoleucine-limiting conditions. While the growth of the two strains were similar in nutrient-rich lysogeny broth, ΔrelA/spoT mutant displayed slower growth under isoleucinelimiting conditions. The ΔrelA/spoT mutant had significantly greater biofilm formation in nutrient-rich media and formed higher level of biofilm under lower level of isoleucine. Since the ΔrelA/spoT mutant showed higher biofilm formation under lower isoleucine levels, stringent response in WT E. coli K-12 downregulates biofilm formation in a nutrient availability dependent manner. Our study of ppGpp E. coli mutants behave similarly to Pseudomonas putida KT2440, another member of the gammaproteobacteria family, in biofilm formation and may suggest that the stringent response of these two bacteria follow similar mechanisms.
Nutrition, fertility and maternal investment in primates

While the energetics of reproduction have been intensively investigated among women, studies of mother-offspring relationships among non-human primates have tended to neglect the effect of nutrition of the mother on lactational performance and on growth and survival of offspring. Typically fertility has been compared between populations under different nutritional regimes. In this paper, the relations between suckling frequencies, the time of weaning, the survivorship of offspring, the contraceptive effects of lactation and the quality of maternal diets are outlined. Energy transfer from mother to offspring in the form of milk is proposed as a measurable component of maternal investment, and the behavioural causes and consequences of lactational anoestrus are explored using data from free-ranging vervet monkeys. It is suggested that nutrition of the mother is most important during the early phase of rapid infant growth, because at that time the energetic requirements of lactation are high; and that a mother's ability to assess her infant's demands and needs for nutrition for growth leads to alterations in suckling frequencies which result in variation in female fertility.
A LITERATURE REVIEW AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE EVALUATION

University Laboratory case studies are the crucial part for the success of the software engineers in real life development of software in small and medium enterprises. Most of the case studies performed for the evaluation of software processes and methods are for large scale software development. At University level most students do not have access to such environments. Therefore, this paper first presents sorted list of software architecture processes and then recommends those software architecture evaluation processes that can better be implemented in university laboratory, so that individual software engineer who want to find the impact of architecture evaluation on Risk, Cost and Schedule can integrate in his process and can perform single case holistic design case study.
Macro-benthic diversity in relation to biotic indices in Song river at Dehradun, India

The composition and abundance of benthic animals are commonly used as bio-indicators to determine the impact of pollution on physico-chemical integrity of surface waters and changing pattern of biotic characteristics of lentic and lotic system. The benthos serves as a link between primary producers, decomposers and higher trophic level. Song river is a spring fed hill stream originated from different small rivulets of lesser Himalayan mountainous ranges at Garhwal region of Uttarakhand. The study was carried out from 2006-2008, the water samples were collected from three different sites in a stretch of about ten kilometres from Song river. All taxa were identified to species/genus level with the help of identification keys. The 5 faunal groups and 19 genera were observed at three different stations in the Song river. At all three sites, Tubifex was the dominant genera among Oligochaeta. Among polychaeta, Namalycastic indica, Napthys polybranchia, Napthys oligobrunchia species were reported at all above three different sites of Song river. Biotic indices indicated moderate pollution in the water quality of upstream and down stream water. The CCME (Canadian Council of Minister of Environment) water quality index (2001) showed marginal range of pollution in the river. The abundance of pollution tolerant organisms indicated the downstream site is receiving nutrient-rich urban runoff containing little or no toxins substances.
Factors relating to incidence of spontaneous oxidized flavor and copper in cow's milk

Abstract The incidence of spontaneous oxidized flavor (SOF) is commonly assumed to be dependent on the combination of substrate supply and contents of pro- and anti-oxidants in milk. A total of 142 cows in the experimental herd at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences were included, 87 of the Swedish Red breed and 55 of the Swedish Holstein breed. Altogether 893 milk samples were analyzed for milk composition, copper content, and milk flavor. Milk copper concentration was highest in early lactation and during the spring period. Oxidative off-flavor was most common during the first 3 weeks of lactation. However, when adjusting for copper concentration the odds ratio for incidence of SOF was instead highest in lactation weeks 14–39. The higher incidence of SOF during the first 3 weeks of lactation is proposed to be a consequence of the high copper concentration in milk during this period.