Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Using Inverse Reinforcement Learning with Real Trajectories to Get More Trustworthy Pedestrian Simulations

Reinforcement learning is one of the most promising machine learning techniques to get intelligent behaviors for embodied agents in simulations. The output of the classic Temporal Difference family of Reinforcement Learning algorithms adopts the form of a value function expressed as a numeric table or a function approximator. The learned behavior is then derived using a greedy policy with respect to this value function. Nevertheless, sometimes the learned policy does not meet expectations, and the task of authoring is difficult and unsafe because the modification of one value or parameter in the learned value function has unpredictable consequences in the space of the policies it represents. This invalidates direct manipulation of the learned value function as a method to modify the derived behaviors. In this paper, we propose the use of Inverse Reinforcement Learning to incorporate real behavior traces in the learning process to shape the learned behaviors, thus increasing their trustworthiness (in terms of conformance to reality). To do so, we adapt the Inverse Reinforcement Learning framework to the navigation problem domain. Specifically, we use Soft Q-learning, an algorithm based on the maximum causal entropy principle, with MARL-Ped (a Reinforcement Learning-based pedestrian simulator) to include information from trajectories of real pedestrians in the process of learning how to navigate inside a virtual 3D space that represents the real environment. A comparison with the behaviors learned using a Reinforcement Learning classic algorithm (Sarsa(λ)) shows that the Inverse Reinforcement Learning behaviors adjust significantly better to the real trajectories.
Biofilm formation and pan antibiotic resistance in isolates from contact lenscleaning solution used by CLARE patient

Characterization of antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation ability and resistance to oxidative stress and halostress in isolates from contact lens cleaning solution (CLCS) and contact lens used by CLARE (Contact lenses associated red eye) patient. Trypticase soy peptone media was used for the microbiological isolation and maintenance. Antibiotic resistance was determined by using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion assay as per CLSI nomenclature. Biofilm formation assay was carried out by recommended techniques. In the present study, Enterobacter aerogenes CIN3, Burkholderia cepecia A2P1 and Proteus vulgaris B2P1 strains were isolated from CLCS used by CLARE patient. All three isolates were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, colistin sulphate, streptomycin, sulfatriad, tetracycline and sensitive to ciprofloxacin and imipenem. B. cepecia and P. vulgaris also showed resistance to levofloxacin, norfloxacin and moxifloxacin. The multiple drug resistant isolates were characterized for their ability to form biofilms and produce exopolymeric substances implicated in the etiology of CLARE. In addition, biofilm formation of B. cepecia and P. vulgaris was induced by following exposure to oxidative (25 and 50 mM hydrogen peroxide) and salinity (5.0 and 9.5% NaCl) stress at antimicrobial concentrations typically found in CLCS. Only E. aerogenes growth reduced following treatment with oxidative and salinity stress. The importance of biofilm forming isolates in the pathogenesis of ocular infections mediated through usage of abiotic prosthetic devices such as contact lenses and contact lens cleaning solutions is emphasized.
Regulierte lentivirale Expression von Wachstumsfaktoren in Primärzellen zur Therapie osteochondraler Defekte

Durch einen gen- und zelltherapeutischen Ansatz, basierend auf der Implantation autologer, ex vivo transduzierter, chondrogener Primarzellen sollte die Therapie osteochondraler Defekte verbessert werden. Die Expression verschiedener Wachstumsfaktoren, u.a. BMP-2, erfolgte mittels VSV.G pseudotypisierter, lentiviraler SIN-Vektoren entweder konstitutiv oder reguliert, unter Kontrolle des Tet on – Systems. Die Regulation, d.h. das An- und Abschalten, der Genexpression konnte sowohl in vitro als auch in vivo in einem Kaninchen-Defektmodell gezeigt werden. In vitro Ergebnisse bestatigten zudem die Funktionalitat des gebildeten Wachstumsfaktors.
Effects of Zinc, Iron, and Copper on Bovine Enamel Erosion Evaluated Using Transverse Microradiography

Objective: This study aimed to clarify the effect of trace elements on enamel erosion due to citric acid eliminating other factors that can affect enamel erosion. Method: Forty enamel specimens were obtained by embedding bovine enamel blocks into a quick cure resin. Half of the enamel surface of the specimens was covered with nail varnish. The specimens were randomly divided into control (Ct), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu) groups and immersed in 1% citric acid solution, 1% citric acid solution with 10 mmol/L zinc, 1% citric acid solution with 10 mmol/L iron, or 1% citric acid solution with 10 mmol/L copper, respectively, at 37°C for 5 h. After immersion, the demineralized lesion depth was measured using transverse microradiography (TMR) and compared between groups using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s test. Results: The lesion depth was significantly higher in the Zn (218.9 ± 88.5 μm) group than that in the Ct group (116.3 ± 22.1 μm) (p < 0.01). Conclusion: It was suggested that zinc has decalcification properties when consumed with citric acid, while iron and copper don’t have such properties.
Isolation and identification of antibacterial steroid compounds from Ulva fasciata in the Persian Gulf

Due to numerous reasons, marine-obtained resources have attracted the interest of researchers. One of the subjects attracted the interest of researchers in recent years in the field of biologist marine algae due to their nutritional value, their benefits for health and their biological activities. In this study, the powder was extracted using acetone, then the extract purified by silica gel column chromatography with n-hexane and ethyl acetate combination to isolate the steroid compounds. Isolated compound was run through TLC and sprayed with vanillin-sulphuric acid reagent to detect the steroid compounds and profile of isolated compounds obtained by gas chromatography (GC). Antibacterial activity of steroids extracted of green algae Ulva fasciata from Qeshm Island in the Persian Gulf were assessed (in vitro). The antibacterial activity of the fractions was determined by Broth Dilution Methods against clinical Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella. typhi and Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus. The steroids; cholest-7-en-3ol and cholestan-3-one, cyclic 1, 2-ethanediyl acetal compounds in column fraction were identified by GC. The results showed the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the cholest-7-en-3ol and cholestan-3-one, cyclic 1,2-ethanediyl acetal for S. aureus and Bacillus cereus were 500 μg mL-1, the MBC of the cholest-7-en-3ol for B. subtilis was 500 μg mL-1 and 1000 μg mL-1 detected for cholestan-3-one, cyclic 1,2-ethanediyl acetal. The compounds had neither antibacterial activity on gram negative bacteria. Based on our results, extracted steroids from U. fasciata can be considered as a source of novel antibiotics.
Antioxidant, Pharmacological, Medical Properties and Chemical Content of Rosa L. Extracts

Currently, increased attention is paid to plant raw materials as a source of biologically active substances. As a consequence of this great scientific interest is dog rose (lat. Rosa ), a genus of wild plants of the Rosaceae family (Rosales) and it is widely used as a medicinal, vitamin source and food raw material. The species of Rosa genus have rich vitamin content and different chemical structures. Dog rose has medicinal value as a multivitamin remedy. Many works have been devoted to the study of the dynamics of the accumulation of vitamins depending on the forms and types of dog rose, geographic location, meteorological conditions, soil, fertilizer application and other environmental factors. The most economically valuable part of the dog rose is the pulp of the fruit. Rosa is used in official and traditional medicine. They also have anti-inflammatory, choleretic, diuretic properties and a beneficial effect on carbohydrate metabolism and, they regulate the activity of the gastrointestinal tract, enhance tissue regeneration, the synthesis of hormones. In this review article, antioxidant, pharmacological, medical properties and chemical content of the Rosa genus has been discussed in detail.
Fear of the unknown with healthcare IoT devices: An exploratory study

ABSTRACT This exploratory study provides an analysis of four New England healthcare organizations network and information security threats involving IoT devices. This study sought to identify any new patterns and outlying threats both, technical or behavioral, that has arisen with the increasing use of IoT devices in healthcare organizations. This exploratory study found that while several known IoT security threats persist in these organizations, a new “fear of not knowing how IoT devices work” emerged. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of trusting IoT vendors to ensure security of IoT devices and makes recommendations on how to reduce this fear.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Study of Possible Mutual Prodrugs of Amoxicillin and Metronidazole by Direct and Indirect Coupling through Spacer

Amoxicillin have been conjugated with metronidazole as possible mutual prodrug to get a wider spectrum of activity by acting on aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, have antifungal activity, to provide protection for beta lactam ring of amoxicillin and also to improve patient compliance as it given as a single dose therapy. The structures of the synthesized compound were confirmed and characterized using elemental microanalysis (CHN), IR and some physiochemical properties. Biological study was done by using disc diffusion method against different bacterial strains which are , Staphylococcus aureus , Salmonella typhie , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , E. coli , Klebsiella pneumonia and fungi ( Candida albicans) . using nutrient agar medium and 5 mm diameter paper discs. The synthesized compounds showed maintenance or improvement of the antimicrobial activity especially compound (II) showed superior activity in comparison with compounds (I, III) . Key words: Amoxicillin , Metronidazole , Mutual prodrug .
Ovaprim induced effect on testis of Channa gachua

The testis of Channa gachua , after administration of Ovaprim, showed changes in the morphology of testis and in the serum androgen level within period of 72 hrs. Morphological changes included spermatogonial proliferation, activation of leydigâ€™s and sertoli cells, organization of seminiferous lobules and formation of lobular lumen in testis. Leydig cells were enlarged, exhibited characteristics of steroid producing cells. Sertoli cells became elongated, shown signs of high cellular activities and remained in close contact with spermatogonia. The lobular organization was achieved much earlier than the progression of spermatogenesis.
DETERMINATION OF EFFICACY OF ISOXYL, A MYCOLIC ACID INHIBITOR, IN VITRO AGAINST MYCOBACTERIUM.TUBERCULOSIS STRAINS

The enzymes involved in the biosynthetic pathways of the critical components including mycolic acids offer attractive and selective targets for the developments of novel anti-mycobacterial agents. Isoxyl (ISO), a mycolic acid inhibitor, is an old drug, which was used for the treatment of tuberculosis was evaluated. Determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) pattern of clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) to mycolic acid inhibitors namely ISO, Isoniazid (INH) and Ethionamide (ETH) by agar and broth dilution Method was done. Also the Minimum bactericidal concentrations were evaluated. Total 40 MDR and 20 susceptible strains of M tuberculosis were tested. The result of the MIC studies showed that ISO is capable of inhibiting the growth of M. tuberculosis in a range of 1-20μg/ml. Inhibitory activity of ISO was higher than activity of ETH in solid media. Amongst three antituberculosis drugs, INH showed highest bactericidal activity against M. tuberculosis strains followed by ETH. While ISO exhibited lowest bactericidal activity. Amongst, three drugs tested, ISO shows highest MBC/MIC ratio with lowest bactericidal activity. ISO showed significantly lower bactericidal activity against MDR strains than susceptible strains of M. tuberculosis. MBC/ MIC ratio of ISO was similar to MDR and susceptible strains of M. tuberculosis. Overall study implies that ISO may be suitable for the treatment of Tuberculosis, particularly multi-drug resistant kind. Article DOI: https://dx.doi. org/10.20319/lijshls.2015. s11.0124 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.
Review of the Ethno-medical, Phytochemical, Pharmacological and Toxicological Studies on Dissotis rotundifolia (Sm.) Triana

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Dissotis rotundifolia (Sm.) Triana, commonly called ‘pink lady’, is employed in West and Eastern African folkloric medicine for managing a number of infections including dysentery, cough and sexually transmitted infections. The review aims at highlighting the traditional benefits, ethno-medical, phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological importance of the plant. Materials and Methods: Excerpta Medica database, Google Scholar, Springer and PubMed Central, were the electronic databases used to search for and filter primary studies on Dissotis rotundifolia. Results: This summary of relevant pharmacological, phytochemical and toxicological data from primary studies on D. rotundifolia gives a telling indication of its potential therapeutic benefits as a chemotherapeutic agent and possibly as a source of compounds with contraceptive potential. Review Article Yeboah and Osafo; JOCAMR, 2(3): 1-11, 2017; Article no.JOCAMR. 32212 2 Conclusion: This concise review on D. rotundifolia will be relevant in identification of areas of further research with the focus of identifying biologically active compounds which hold prospect in therapy.
Autismus oder ADHS – oder Autismus und ADHS?

Seit Herausgabe des DSM-V ist die gleichzeitige Diagnosestellung von Autismus- Spektrum-Störungen (ASS) und- Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitäts- störungen (ADHS) möglich. Diese Entwicklungsstörungen kommen sehr häufig zusammen vor und weisen zudem überlappende Symptome auf, was die Differenzialdiagnostik erschwert. Dieser Artikel bietet einen Überblick der wissen- schaftlichen und klinischen Erkenntnisse zur Doppeldiagnose ADHS und ASS.
Effectiveness of Cognitive Interventions in Older Adults: A Review

(1) Introduction: With older adults, cognitive intervention programs are most often used for preventing or reversing a decline in cognitive functions, but it has been recently noted that there are insufficient high-quality research studies that report the effects of cognitive intervention on the cognitive functioning of older adults. (2) Objective: To analyze the available evidence concerning the effect of cognitive interventions for improving or maintaining the general cognitive status of older adults who present different cognitive levels. (3) Method: a review of studies published between 2010 and 2019 using the following databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane, Google Scholar, ProQuest and Medline. (4) Results: We selected 13 systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses. The results showed that the cognitive intervention programs improved general cognitive functioning and specific cognitive functions regardless of the initial cognitive level; that cognitive decline was slowed in older persons with dementia; and there was improvement in activities of daily living. Regarding duration of the results, benefits were maintained for periods of 2 months to 5 years. (5) Conclusion: Cognitive interventions have proven effective for maintaining and/or improving cognitive functioning in older adults regardless of their initial cognitive status. Even so, there are few studies that follow up these results to see whether they are maintained in the long term and whether there is transfer to other skills of daily life. However, we were able to observe in the present review how the participants’ cognitive level varied according to sociodemographic differences, and to identify which components of cognitive programs make them more effective. Based on the results found, we highlight the importance of designing cognitive intervention programs that meet these effectiveness criteria, in order to maximize the positive effects of such programs when working with a population of older adults.
Legislative changes within the Economic and Monetary Union after the 2007

The global economic crisis of 2007 revealed a number of weaknesses in the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). The Member States, together with the European Union institutions have made an effort to save the euro area by introducing a number of reforms for the functioning of the EMU. This article focuses on the analysis of legislative changes introduced to the euro area after 2007 in the fields of fiscal, economic, banking, and financial assistance. The documents constituting the EMU legislative changes package were a subject of a detailed examination. The main research questions were focused on the essence of weaknesses in the functioning of the EMU and the future
The Effect of Indigenous Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria on Quercus Brantii Seedlings Under Water Stress

ABSTRACT In the Mediterranean climate, plants, e.g., Quercus brantii Lindl, have evolved and adapted to bear up low soil-water and soil-phosphorus conditions. Quercus brantii Lindl. is a dominant tree species thorough Zagros Mediterranean forests. Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) play crucial role in the plant growth enhancement by solubilizing insoluble soil-phosphate. In the present study, the effects of two indigenous PSB strains, e.g., Microbacterium sp. (M.) and Streptomyces sp. (S.) were individually and combined evaluated on growth and physiological traits of Quercus brantii. seedlings under different water stress treatments. Results showed that maximum P- solubilization rate was observed by M. strain. Results also revealed that water stress increased electrolyte leakage and reduced relative water content in all plant compartments as well as growth parameters. Two PSB strains individually and in combination significantly enhanced growth and physiological traits of seedlings under both irrigation treatments compared with the non-inoculated seedlings. The M. strain showed higher potential for increasing of root length, weight and RWC compare to other PSB strain. Finally, the results suggested that application of isolated indigenous PSBs in reforestation could help to cope with the drought conditions in semi-arid Mediterranean Zagros forests by increasing of root and improving of oak seedlings growth.
The role of integrated offline/online social activity and social identification in Facebook citizenship behaviour formation

PurposeDrawing on social identity theory and prosocial behaviour research, this study explores how people's integration of their offline and online social activities through Facebook cultivates their Facebook citizenship behaviour (FCB). It also offers further insight into the underlying mechanism of offline and online social activity integration - FCB relation by investigating people's social identification with their offline and online social groups as possible mediators.Design/methodology/approachBased on social identity theory (SIT) literature, community citizenship behaviour and offline-online social activity integration through Facebook, we developed a conceptual model, which was empirically tested using data from 308 Facebook usersFindingsThe results confirm that the participants' offline-online social activity integration via Facebook is positively linked to their FCB. Further, the integration of offline and online social activity through Facebook positively affects how a person identifies with their offline and online social groups, which in turn causes them to display FCB. In addition, offline/online social identification mediates the integration – FCB relation.Practical implicationsIn practice, it is interesting to see people's tendency towards altruistic behaviours within groups they like to associate themselves with. Those who share their Facebook network with their offline friends can use such network to seek help and support.Originality/valueFrom a theoretical perspective, unlike past research, this study examines how individuals' offline-online social activity integration via Facebook helps them associate with groups. In addition, this study investigates social identification from an offline and online perspective.
Nanomechanical Characterization for Cold Spray: From Feedstock to Consolidated Material Properties

Cold gas-dynamic spray is a solid-state materials consolidation technology that has experienced successful adoption within the coatings, remanufacturing and repair sectors of the advanced manufacturing community. As of late, cold spray has also emerged as a high deposition rate metal additive manufacturing method for structural and nonstructural applications. As cold spray enjoys wider recognition and adoption, the demand for versatile, high-throughput and significant methods of particulate feedstock as well consolidated materials characterization has also become more notable. In order to address the interest for such an instrument, nanoindentation is presented herein as a viable means of achieving the desired mechanical characterization abilities. In this work, conventionally static nanoindentation testing using both Berkovich and spherical indenter tips, as well as nanoindentation using the continuous stiffness measurement mode of testing, will be applied to a range of powder-based feedstocks and cold sprayed materials.
PENDIDIKAN LIFE SKILLS DALAM PENANAMAN NILAI-NILAI AGAMA ISLAM DI SEKOLAH DASAR

Pendidikan life skills merupakan pola dari perilaku seseorag atau idividu dalam menggali potensi diri dan kecakapan hidup baik didalam lingkungan sekolah maupun masyarakat,penanaman nilai-nilai pendidikan islam sejak usia dasar masih sangat perlu di terapkan dalam lingkup sekolah karena usia dasar adalah bagaimana seorang individu masih dalam tahap pengembangan sosial emosional mereka untuk mengahadapi dan menyelesaikan permasalahan yang sedang mereka alami peran pendidik sangat di perlukan untuk dapat mengenali potensi diri anak didik mereka,dapat kita lihat masih banyak anak pada usia dasar yang masih kurang dalam pemahaman dan perkembangan sikap pada diri peserta didik,tujuan dari penulisan artikel ini adalah dengan analisis deskriptif kualitatif dengan kajian literatur adalah bahwa pendidikan life skills ini sangat membantu pendidik dalam menanamkan nilai-nilai agama islam yaitu nilai kedisplinan,nilai kejujuran,nilai tanggung jawab dan nilai kemandirian karena pendidikan life skills ini adalah bagaimana peserta didik bisa memahami dan menggali potensi yang mereka miliki dengan melakukan pembiasaan-pembiasaan yang di berikan oleh pendidik mereka sehingga para peserta didik akan lebih mudah menerima pola-pola pengajaran dan pembiasaan yang di berikan oleh pendidik dan akan membawa dampak yang positif untuk sikap da karakter peserta didik. Kata kunci :pendidikan life skills;nilai-nilai agama islam;sekolah dasar