Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ABIOTIC DISEASES OF OLIVE

SUMMARY Several non-parasitic diseases are of primary significance for olive trees growing in the Mediterranean area and other warm-temperate regions of the world. As for other crops, they are generally poorly understood and often completely unrecognized, especially in olive which is considered a crop of marginal lands. The origin may rest with a lack/excess of essential nutrients or an excess of non-essential elements; it may be an unsatisfactory environment: too cold or hot, too wet or dry, or too windy; there may be unsuitable soil characteristics such as poor physical condition, water-logging, salinity, improper pH, and so on. Also pollution in the environment, spray and fire damage, and climatic extremes like lightning, hail, and snow can cause heavy losses to olive. This review focuses on the most important disorders of olive caused by environmental, physical, and chemical stresses that can affect the normal physiological processes in trees. An integrated view is utilized to highlight interactions with plant healthiness, production, and quality.
Leveraging Information from Sponsored Advertising at Online Retail Marketplaces

E-commerce platforms, such as Amazon, Alibaba and Flipkart, that match sellers and consumers at an unprecedented scale, operate their internal search engines to help buyers find relevant products from a large number of sellers, and also allow sellers to advertise to consumers for positions in the search listing. Determining an optimal ranking of products in response to a search query is a challenging problem for the platform because sellers have certain private information about their products that the platform does not have. Using a theoretical model, we show that sellers’ bids in ad auctions, through which sponsored slots are typically allocated, can reveal (some of) this private information to the platform (“information effect”), which it can optimally combine with information that it has about consumers to improve the placement of organic results, a practice we call “strategic listing”. However, by introducing an externality between the sponsored and organic sides, strategic listing also leads to more competition in the ad auction (“competition effect”), thus reducing the incentive of sellers to participate on the platform. Overall, while both the platform and the consumers benefit from strategic listing, as it becomes more difficult to incentivize sellers’ participation, the platform should reduce both the dependence of the organic results on the information learned from sponsored ad bidding and its commission rate. Our results shed light on the variation in practices across different platforms.
Chromosome-specific behaviour in wheat with alien genetic materials

Although chromosomes belonging to a genome have similar characteristics and behave in concert with each other, some chromosomes act independently, out of harmony with the other chromosomes. Here we introduce three cases of such chromosome-specific behaviour. 1) Specific retention of chromosome 2D in hexaploid derivatives of octoploid Triticale, 2) Specific elimination of the chromosome 1D in homoeologous group-1 alien chromosome addition lines, 3) Specific amplification of chromosome 3B by interaction with chromosome 3C. These events indicate that seven chromosomes in a genome do not always behave together in evolution. Meiotic drive by these chromosome-specific behaviours must have had a significant role especially in evolution of polyploid species.
Estudos taxonômicos do gênero Calea (Asteraceae, Neurolaeneae) no estado da Bahia, Brasil

Asteraceae is the largest family of angiosperms with ca. 24.000 species and 1600-1700 genera widely distributed. Calea L. is represented in the tropical and subtropical regions by ca. 125 species. This genus is very similar to Aspilia and Wedelia, however the former presents ligulate pistilate flowers and pappus composed of free pales. The aim of this paper is to present a taxonomic survey of Calea in the state of Bahia. The analyzed specimens included material collected in the field, as well as herbarium material. The following 10 species are known to occur in Bahia: C. angusta S.F. Blake, C. candolleana (Gardner) Baker, C. gardneriana Baker, C. harleyi H. Rob. , C. microphylla (Gardner) Baker, C. morii H. Rob. , C. pilosa Baker, C. pinheiroi H. Rob. , C. purpurea G.M. Barroso e C. villosa Baker. The species are basically distinct by the sinflorescence arrangement (heads number and peduncle size), head radiate or discoid, receptacle (paleaceous × epaleaceous), flower numbers and pappus size. Within the genus, C. angusta is restricted to shrubby vegetation on dunes (Bahia and Sergipe States), C. candolleana has the widest geographical distribution (BA, TO, GO, MG and PE), C. pilose and C. morii are known only from Bahia. The other species occur in the Bahia, Distrito Federal, Goias and Minas Gerais states: C. gardneriana and C. purpurea (BA, GO), C. microphylla (BA, DF and GO), C. harleyi and C. pinheiroi (BA e MG) and C. villosa (BA, GO, MG). Keys, descriptions, geographic distribution, comments and illustrations are provided.
Asymmetric State Feedback for Linear Plants With Asymmetric Input Saturation

We consider a linear plant with decentralized input saturation, whose limits are not necessarily symmetric. We propose a nonlinear static state feedback stabilizer that is asymmetric, in such a way that the non-symmetric nature of the saturation is fully exploited in the control design, for larger regions of attraction. We show by example that the proposed technique provides significantly larger regions of attractions as compared to the symmetric solution results, in a case where the positive and negative saturation limits are different.
Bartonella Bacilliformis: Understanding The Underlying Causes Of Verruga Peruana Formation During Carrion’s Disease

Bartonella, a group of Gram negative facultative intracellular bacteria, are known to cause diseases, such as Cat Scratch Disease, Trench Fever and Carrion’s Disease, that involve angiogenesis during the infective cycle. B. bacilliformis, the etiological agent of Carrion’s Disease, causes a bi-phasic infection resulting in the formation of blood-filled angiogenic proliferative cutaneous nodules called verruga peruana. The work presented here was undertaken to characterize the mechanism by which these nodules are produced. Previous work in our laboratory suggested that the Bartonella henselae genome contains a homologue to the virB operon, a set of genes coding for a Type IV Secretion System (TFSS) that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of other ! -2-proteobacteria. We identified virB operons in two additional Bartonella pathogens, B. quintana and B. clarridgeiae. No corresponding operon sequences were detected in B. bacilliformis DNA, however. This finding suggests that virB gene products are not required for verruga peruana formation. To continue our search for factors involved in B. bacilliformis-induced angiogenesis, we conducted a microarray analysis of differential gene expression in infected and uninfected endothelial cells. The results suggest similarities between later stage (36 hours) B. bacilliformis infection and that of HHV-8, the causative agent of Kaposi’s Sarcoma, particularly in relation to the host immune response. Finally, our research focused on the secreted factors that B. bacilliformis produces during its host infective cycle. Our data suggest that the B. bacilliformis homologue to the molecular chaperone GroEL not only induces angiogenesis in endothelial cells, but also protects endothelial cell tubule from the degradation seen when these cells are in the presence of live B. bacilliformis. In summary, the induction of verruga peruana nodules via B. bacilliformis may be the result of multiple factors over the course of persistent infection. Early infection may cause vascular damage, which induces VEGF and hypoxia factors. As infection persists, bacterial secretion of a unique GroEL may result in continued angiogenesis and the ensuing activation of immune cells, producing a localized environment of continual incomplete angiogenesis in areas of cutaneous infection. INDEX WORDS: Bartonella, Angiogenesis, virB Operon, Proliferation, GroEL, Kaposi’s Sarcoma, Microarray Analysis BARTONELLA BACILLIFORMIS: UNDERSTANDING THE UNDERLYING CAUSES OF VERRUGA PERUANA FORMATION DURING CARRION’S DISEASE
Macrocentrus Gifuensis Ashmead, A Polyemberyonic Braconid Parasite in the European Corn Borer

Pr.gc Discovery in Europe and identity of the species 1 Geographic distribution and host relations. 2 History of polyembryony in Hymenoptera. 2 Techi ic 'ollowed . 6 Explanation of symbols used in the illust^^ltions 7 Description of Macrocentrus giftiensis 8 The adult '. , 8 The egg 9 The lar va 9 The prepupa and pupa 23 The cocoon 23 Biology. 24 E mergence 24 Light reactions 24 Feeding 24 Oogénesis 24 C opulation. 24 Oviposition 25 Segmentation of the egg 29 Growth and developniert of tiie egg 30 Pseud ogcrms :JG Cyst formation. 38 Larval habits 38 EiTect of parasite on iiu.it larva 42 Spin'ing L'nd pupation . _ 43 Page Biology—Continued. Average size of colony and proportion of sexes _ 44 Parthenogenesis 46 Consideration of the zones in which Macrocentrus gifuensis occurs_ _ 47 Physical characteristics; 47 Climet'-c characteristics _ 48 Seasonal history 49 Seasonal history of the host 49 Seasonal history of the pi rasite 49 Experimental data 51 Laboratory breeding expor'ments 52 Mortality in roaring of field material 52 Summary of duration of vyrious stages,. 53 Kapidity of spring development 53 Mortality in the prepupal pnd pupal stages 55 Cold storage of overwintering host larvae containing parasites 55 Cold storage of cocoons . 56 Macrocentrus gifuensis as a controlling factor |H of Pyrausia nubilalis 56 Limiting factors 57 Recommendations 57 Summary 58 Literature cited 61
Hydrologic and Pollutant Removal Performance of Media Layers in Bioretention

The current study was aimed to investigate the filler layer structure in modified bioretention systems. Three different structural layers in bioretention were proposed to evaluate their hydrologic performance and pollutant removal efficiency under different rainfall intensities. These layers were as follows: all three layers (filter, transition, and drainage layers), without transition layer, and without drainage layer. Synthetic stormwater was used for experimental purpose in current work. Results revealed that compared with “all three layers”, runoff control rate of “without transition layer” and “without drainage layer” was reduced by 0 to 7.4%, 0 to 10.1%, and outflow start time was advanced by 6 to 8 min and 1.5 to 4.5 min, respectively. Moreover, CODcr (chemical oxygen demand), NH4+-N (ammonium nitrogen), TN (total nitrogen) and TP (total phosphorus) removal rates were 86.0%, 85.4%, 71.8%, and 68.0%, respectively. Particle size distribution of the fillers revealed that during operation, particle moved downward were mainly within 0.16–0.63 mm size. Findings showed that transition and drainage layer played an important role in runoff control, and total height of the filler layer should not be less than 800 mm. Filter layer effectively reduce runoff pollution but the thickness of the filter layer should not be less than 500 mm. Whereas, transition layer has the function of preventing the filler loss of the filter layer; therefore, proper measures must be taken into consideration during structural optimization.
Improvement of the Efficiency of the Recruitment Policy of the Medical Care as a Factor in the Reduction of the Staff Shortage of the Industry

A staff shortage has a negative impact on the functioning of both an individual service or enterprise (organization, institution) in general, and the entire industry in which it arises. This problem is observed most acutely today in the social sphere, in particular, for education and health care, which are strategic sectors of existence of any state. In this regard, the article explores the problem of the staff shortage in the health care sector of the Krasnodar Territory. The analysis has shown that in the Krasnodar Territory a staffing level of a health care personnel is on average 75%, but, as in the whole country, it is significantly higher in medical organizations providing an inpatient care than in an outpatient service. The key problems of the staff shortage are: low wages of young professionals, a long training period for the professionals, poor material and technical base of medical institutions, etc. The staff shortage primary negatively affects the efficiency and quality of medical service. To maintain positive trends and completely eliminate the staff shortage, medical universities need to increase not only the number of trained graduate-therapists, but also narrow professionals, who will come to work in outpatientpolyclinic organizations. An analysis of the structure of terminated agreements under the “Zemsky Doctor” Program has revealed an inefficiency of the regional recruitment policy in the medical care in 8 municipalities of the Krasnodar Territory. In these conditions, the importance of social-psychological methods of motivation arises. A special place is occupied by a material stimulation, which is not only economic, but also socialpsychological in nature. Under these conditions, great attention should be paid to an application of the two-factor theory of the motivation by F. Herzberg in the health care system, focusing on hygienic factors
Physiological Basis of Memory Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease – An Overview

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neuro-degenerative disease, causing gradual decline in memory function in the affected patients. The loss of memory makes their existence miserable. It is first noticed and reported by the patient’s care takers. The clinicians objectively assess the type and degree of the memory loss by a specific battery of tests, specially designed for the purpose (like Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test. , Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE etc.)). Understanding the symptoms of AD, arising out of memory loss, requires deeper insights into what initiates the memory (the sensory inputs from the five sense organs), the different types of memories (explicit, implicit memories, their sub types and associative memory etc.), how the memory signals are modified at the level of the neuron, (analog to digital signals) and the synapse (sensitization, habituation and Long term potentiation / depression etc.), the processing that the inputs received , undergo (encoding, consolidation /organization, storage and retrieval) in higher brain centres (amygdala, hippocampus prefrontal vortex etc.) and also the role played by the various receptors (NMDA, AMPA and the kinase receptors), the neurotransmitters (acetylcholine, Norepineprine, Gama aminobutic acid, serotonin etc.), the central network systems involved (central executive network, salience network, and the default mode network). In short, it is the study all about, of the physiology of memory. The next step is to integrate this knowledge to interpret symptoms of patients with AD. Accordingly, the subject under discussion is dealt with in two parts. Firstly, how the memory is affected in AD and secondly the physiology behind these changes.
Run to Failure: Aging of Commercial Battery Cells beyond Their End of Life

The aim of this work is to age commercial battery cells far beyond their expected lifetime. There is a gap in the literature regarding run to failure tests of lithium-ion batteries that this work intends to address. Therefore, twenty new Samsung ICR18650-26F cells were aged as a battery pack in a run to failure test. Aging took place with a constant load current and a constant charge current to accelerate capacity decrease. Important aging parameters such as capacity and internal resistance were measured at each cycle to monitor their development. The end of the test was initiated by the explosion of a single battery cell, after which the battery pack was disassembled and all parameters of the still intact single cells were measured. The distribution of all measured capacities and internal resistances is displayed graphically. This clearly shows the influence of the exploded cell on the cells in its immediate vicinity. Selected cells from this area of the battery were subjected to computed tomography (CT) to detect internal defects. The X-rays taken with computed tomography showed clear damage within the jelly roll, as well as the triggered safety mechanisms.
Internationalization of Greek social enterprises as a sustainability and development strategy

The aim of this paper is to identify and highlight those conditions and characteristics that will facilitate the internationalization of Greek Social Enterprises (GSEs) and, thereby, enhance their sustainability and performance characteristics. In Greece, social enterprises have a very low degree of internationalization. Assessed on their fundamental characteristics (turnover, employment, size), they fail to respond to criteria of extrovert Social Enterprises. We also highlight policy measures that may support and encourage social enterprises to internationalize. Through ­internationalization, positive effects on the viability and further development of GSEs will emerge,specifically related to strengthening their competitive position in the domestic and international markets, by raising capacity innovation, increasing sales, creating new jobs and acquiring a healthier financial position.
Pecan Kernel Phenolics Content and Antioxidant Capacity Are Enhanced by Mechanical Pruning and Higher Fruit Position in the Tree Canopy

Pecan (Carya illinoinensis) is a tree nut native to North America. Although inhibited light exposure (most specifically as a result of overlapping tree canopies) has been shown to impair yield, the effect of this factor on nut antioxidant properties remains unknown. This study investigated effects of mechanical pruning and canopy height position of fruit on pecan kernel antioxidant contents and capacity. Beginning in 2006, trees in a ‘Western’ pecan orchard in New Mexico were subjected to three mechanical pruning frequency treatments (annual, biennial, and triennial) paralleling conventional practices, while other trees were maintained as unpruned controls. During the 2012 to 2014 seasons, pecans were sampled at fruit maturity from three canopy height zones (“low,” “middle,” and “high,” corresponding to 1.5 to 3.0 m, 3.0 to 4.5 m, and 4.5 to 6.0 m above the orchard floor). In vitro phenolics contents and antioxidant capacities of the nutmeats were evaluated by total phenolics content (TPC) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (H-ORACFL), respectively. Soluble ester- and glycoside-bound phenolics were quantified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). For both TPC and H-ORACFL, results determined pruned samples had significantly higher values than unpruned samples (P < 0.001 for both comparisons), and that samples of “high” canopy height were significantly greater than those of “middle” height, which were in turn greater than those of “low” height (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). HPLC findings showed that in all three phenolic fractions (free, esterified, and glycoside-bound phenolics), nuts acquired from pruned trees had substantially greater concentrations of ellagic acid and its derivatives. Our findings indicate mechanical pruning of pecan trees and higher tree canopy position of fruit increase nut antioxidant properties.
The Bangladeshi higher education quality assurance framework: a pathway for transformation

ABSTRACT Bangladesh’s approach to devising a Quality Assurance Framework in higher education has eventuated in less than a decade. The framework provides criteria within which universities must operate and encompasses internal self-assessment review and monitoring besides external quality assurance, with the intrinsic goal of operationalising national protocols for a qualification framework. Based on the author’s reflection regarding a programme self-assessment exercise as part of internal quality assurance procedure, this paper aims to present an overview of Bangladesh’s higher education through contextualisation of the quality assurance initiatives. By analysing the scopes and limitations in the enhancement of quality, this article also proposes how a robust internal quality assurance framework is indispensable to hasten the process of programme accreditation. The article concludes with some recommendations for future revision of Bangladesh’s quality assurance system.
Differentiation of Self Predicts Life Satisfaction through Marital Adjustment

Abstract Previous studies have documented the link between differentiation of self and life satisfaction. However, the underlying mechanisms explaining these associations are yet to be tested at the dyadic level. This study examined the mediating role of marital adjustment in the association between differentiation of self and life satisfaction among 113 Turkish heterosexual married couples (N = 226). Analyses using the Common Fate Model demonstrated that differentiation of self was associated with higher levels of marital adjustment and life satisfaction, such that marital adjustment was positively associated with life satisfaction, and in turn, marital adjustment fully mediated this association. Implications are discussed for clinicians and cross-cultural researchers who seek to promote greater life satisfaction by targeting both differentiation and marital adjustment.
Spectators’ sensory experience and sociability at the American racetrack

ABSTRACT Rationale: When attending live motorsport events, spectators watch, hear, smell, taste, and touch the multifarious stimuli that permeate their environs. The resulting perceptions would seem likely to facilitate motorsport spectators’ sociability. A systematic attempt has to be made to know how motorsport spectators’ sociability is expressed differently by their perceived sensory stimuli. Design: This study examines how motorsport spectators’ social interaction, sense of community, and social consumption differ by level of sensory experience. At a local racetrack located in the American Southeast, 237 spectators answered questions via self-administered questionnaires. Collected data were analyzed via a Kruskal–Wallis H test. Findings: The results suggest that motorsport spectators who are highly stimulated by sensory stimuli tend to interact with other spectators and feel a sense of belonging with them. Practical Implications: Local racetracks should facilitate spectators’ sensory experiences for creating the social atmosphere of an event. For this aim, the racetrack’s management needs to implement multi-sensory marketing toward their promotional activities. Research Contribution: The findings provide a platform from which sport consumer behavior scholars may better understand the dynamics of spectators’ sensory experience and sociability.