Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Standard(-like) model from an SO(12) grand unified theory in six-dimensions with S2 extra-space

We analyze a gauge-Higgs unification model which is based on a gauge theory defined on a six-dimensional spacetime with an S2 extra-space. In our approach, we impose a symmetry condition for a gauge field and non-trivial boundary conditions of the S2. We provide the scheme for constructing a four-dimensional theory from the six-dimensional gauge theory under these conditions. We then construct a concrete model based on an SO(12) gauge theory under the scheme. This model leads to a Standard-Model(-like) gauge theory which has gauge symmetry SU(3) ? SU(2)L ? U(1)Y (? U(1)2) and one generation of SM fermions, in four-dimensions. The Higgs sector of the model is also analyzed, and it is shown that the electroweak symmetry breaking and the prediction of W-boson and Higgs-boson masses are obtained.
Pemanfaatan IPTables Sebagai Intrusion Detection System (IDS) dan Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) Pada Linux Server

Keamanan jaringan menjadi hal yang penting untuk semua industri dan perusahaan untuk melindungi data dan informasi penting yang berada didalamnnya. Perlindungan keamanan dalam suatu jaringan umumnya berbasis pada keamanan transmisi data yang dibuat dan diaplikasikan untuk membantu mengamankan suatu jaringan tertentu. Untuk lebih mengoptimalkan pengambilan keputusan maka diperlukan sebuah mesin yang mampu berkolaborasi dengan database IDS maupun IPS, sehingga tipikal serangan yang sangat beragam dapat dipetakan dengan lebih optimal. Salah satu database yang mempunyai rule yang sudah ada adalah IPTABLES, hal ini dikarenakan pada IPTABLES terdapat fungsi firewall yang mampu menangani jenis serangan yang berlipat serta masif. Server yang akan digunakan adalah server dengan sistem operasi Linux. Sedangkan database serangan IDS yang digunakan adalah database KDD 99 yang sudah diakui sebagai salah satu database serangan yang sangat kompleks. Dengan pemanfaatan IPTABLES ini maka diharapkan keamanan server akan bisa dimonitor dengan lebih optimal. IPTABLES biasanya digunakan sebagai salah satu firewall yang digunakan pada server.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MUSTARD SEEDS AND HOW THEY ARE INFLUENCED BY PACKAGING

I paid attention to how mustard seeds interact with storage container for a period of 6 months. I examined some of the physical properties of these seeds such as: length L (mm), width W (mm), thickness T (mm), geometric mean diameter Dg (mm), sphericity Φ (%), porosity e (%), volume V (mm 3 ), mass m (g), bulk density ρ b (g/cm 3 ), true density ρ tr (g/cm 3 ) before and after storage for six months at normal temperature and pressure. The samples were: sample 1 mustard seeds in a plastic bag and sample 2 mustard seeds in a plastic box with a top. The physical dimensions of the samples measured in three mutually perpendicular directions before storage had values between: for T minimum – 1.90 mm, maximum 2.61 mm, for W – minimum 1.87 mm, maximum 2.44 mm, for L – minimum 1.82 mm, maximum 2.58 mm. After the six months of storage at normal temperature and pressure in various packages, the physical dimensions of the mustard seeds varied the least for the seeds in sample 1.
Adaptive finite‐time stabilization of stochastic nonlinear systems with the powers of positive odd rational numbers

In this paper, we give some new results on finite‐time stabilization for stochastic nonlinear systems whose powers of integrators are all positive odd rational numbers (ie, numerators and denominators of the powers are all positive odd integers) but not necessary only high order or low order. By adopting new conditions on drift and diffusion terms, Lyapunov function, and controller design method, a state feedback controller is designed to guarantee stochastic nonlinear systems finite‐time stable in probability. Moreover, when unknown parameters exist in systems, we give the adaptive finite‐time state feedback controller. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.
Lifts, Discrepancy and Nearly Optimal Spectral Gaps

Let G be a graph on n vertices. A 2-lift of G is a graph H on 2n vertices, with a covering map � : H → G. It is not hard to see that all eigenvalues of G are also eigenvalues of H. In addition, H has n “new” eigenvalues. We conjecture that every d-regular graph has a 2lift such that all new eigenvalues are in the range [−2 √ d − 1,2 √ d − 1] (If true, this is tight , e.g. by the Alon-Boppana bound). Here we show that every graph of maximal degree d has a 2-lift such that all
Bayesian bridge-randomized penalized quantile regression estimation for linear regression model with AP(q) perturbation

ABSTRACT Bridge penalized regression has many desirable statistical properties such as unbiasedness, sparseness as well as ‘oracle’. In Bayesian framework, bridge regularized penalty can be implemented based on generalized Gaussian distribution (GGD) prior. In this paper, we incorporate Bayesian bridge-randomized penalty and its adaptive version into the quantile regression (QR) models with autoregressive perturbations to conduct Bayesian penalization estimation. Employing the working likelihood of the asymmetric Laplace distribution (ALD) perturbations, the Bayesian joint hierarchical models are established. Based on the mixture representations of the ALD and generalized Gaussian distribution (GGD) priors of coefficients, the hybrid algorithms based on Gibbs sampler and Metropolis-Hasting sampler are provided to conduct fully Bayesian posterior estimation. Finally, the proposed Bayesian procedures are illustrated by some simulation examples and applied to a real data application of the electricity consumption.
A Closed-Form Solution for Localization Based on RSS

Various methods have been proposed for passive localization by using a network of sensors measuring different parameters such as the angle of arrival (AOA), time difference of arrival (TDOA), Doppler frequency difference of arrival (FDOA), differential received signal strength (DRSS), the gain ratio of arrival (GROA), or a combination of these pieces of information. In this paper, a method for target localization based on power of received signal in multiple stations has been proposed for two scenarios. In one scenario, the receiving antennas are omnidirectional and in the other scenario they are directional. We have derived a closed-form solution for source localization in the first scenario and we have proposed two methods (i.e., random search and Taylor series) for estimating the target location in the second scenario. Using computer simulations, the performance of our methods was compared with the Cramer–Rao lower bound (CRLB) and it was shown that the proposed scheme outperforms conventional AOA-only measurement methods. Also, the effect of estimation error of parameter $n$ (which is related to the signal propagation path-loss exponent in the environment) on the performance of the proposed method was analyzed and it was concluded that it has no significant influence on the performance of the proposed method. Finally, the performance of the proposed method has been evaluated using the real received signal strength (RSS) data.
An Evaluation Strategy of Spacecraft Test Case Adequacy Based on Mutation Testing

As typical safety-critical system, the trustworthiness of spacecraft has become a widespread concern. The evaluation of trustworthiness depends on the execution of spacecraft test cases, of which the adequacy is of great importance for the spacecraft to conduct effective assessment of trustworthiness. This paper focuses on the evaluation of the adequacy of spacecraft test cases based on mutation testing technique. Mutation testing theory is extended to spacecraft testing, and mapping between spacecraft faults and mutation operators is constructed. A virtual spacecraft testing platform is developed, on which the spacecraft fault injection strategy is given and test cases generated by IPOG algorithms are evaluated by adequacy, verifying the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.
Pseudo-Hermitian Quantum Mechanics

A diagonalizable non-Hermitian Hamiltonian having a real spectrum may be used to define a unitary quantum system, if one modifies the inner product of the Hilbert space properly. We give a comprehensive and essentially self-contained review of the basic ideas and techniques responsible for the recent developments in this subject. We provide a critical assessment of the role of the geometry of the Hilbert space in conventional quantum mechanics to reveal the basic physical principle motivating our study. We then offer a survey of the necessary mathematical tools, present their utility in establishing a lucid and precise formulation of a unitary quantum theory based on a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian, and elaborate on a number of relevant issues of fundamental importance. In particular, we discuss the role of the antilinear symmetries such as PT , the true meaning and significance of the so-called charge operators C and the CPT -inner products, the nature of the physical observables, the equivalent description of such models using ordinary Hermitian quantum mechanics, the pertaining duality between local-non-Hermitian versus nonlocal-Hermitian descriptions of their dynamics, the corresponding classical systems, the pseudo-Hermitian canonical quantization scheme, various methods of calculating the (pseudo-) metric operators, subtleties of dealing with time-dependent quasi-Hermitian Hamiltonians and the path-integral formulation of the theory, and the structure of the state space and its ramifications for the quantum Brachistochrone problem. We also explore some concrete physical applications and manifestations of the abstract concepts and tools that have been developed in the course of this investigation. These include applications in nuclear physics, condensed matter physics, relativistic quantum mechanics and quantum field theory, quantum cosmology, electromagnetic wave propagation, open quantum systems, magnetohydrodynamics, quantum chaos, and biophysics. PACS number: 03.65. -w, 03.65. Ca, 11.30. -j
Comment: Minimalist $g$-Modeling

Efron’s elegant approach to g-modeling for empirical Bayes problems is contrasted with an implementation of the Kiefer–Wolfowitz nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator for mixture models for several examples. The latter approach has the advantage that it is free of tuning parameters and consequently provides a relatively simple complementary method.
The Ultra-Compact H II Region Population of the Galaxy

This thesis focuses on one of the key phases of massive star formation – ultra-compact H II regions (UCHIIs). It is now possible to build up on the existing census of these sources by exploring the dense photo-ionised gas in unprecedented resolution and at higher frequency than previously available. Such data are delivered by the CORNISH survey. A catalogue of 239 ultra-compact HII regions found in the CORNISH survey at 5 GHz and 1.5′′ resolution in the region 10° < l < 65°, |b| < 1° is presented. This is the largest complete and well-selected sample of UCHIIs to date and provides the opportunity to explore the global and individual properties of this key state in massive star formation at multiple wavelengths. The nature of the candidates was validated, based on observational properties and calculated spectral indices, and the analysis is presented in this work. The physical sizes, luminosities, and other physical properties were computed by utilising literature distances or calculating the distances whenever a value was not available. The near- and mid-infrared extended source fluxes were measured and the extinctions towards the UCHIIs were computed. The new results were combined with available data at longer wavelengths and the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) were reconstructed for 177 UCHIIs. The bolometric luminosities obtained from SED fitting are presented. By comparing the radio flux densities to previous observational epochs, it was found that about 5% of the sources appear to be time variable. Follow-up higher-resolution observations of unresolved CORNISH sources increased the number of UCHIIs with morphological information in the sample to 213. The UCHII region morphologies were classified with a new, multi-wavelength morphological classification scheme. Cometary UCHIIs make up 71% of the sample. This fraction is significantly higher than those found in previous, radio-based classifications. As many as 10-15% of the CORNISH UCHII regions have point-like or extended hard X-ray emission counterparts. This first high-resolution area survey of the Galactic plane shows that the total number of UCHIIs in the Galaxy is ∼ 750 – a factor of 3-4 fewer than found in previous large area radio surveys. It will form the basis for future tests of models of massive star formation.
Klasifikasi Tingkat Keparahan Non-ProliferativeI Diabetic Retinopathy Bedarsarkan Hard Exudate Menggunakan Extreme Learning Machine

Diabetic Retinopathy dapat menyebabkan seseorang kehilangan kemampuan penglihatannya dan pada keadaan yang parah dapat mengakibatkan kebutaan. Tingkat keparahan Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR) dapat diketahui dengan mendeteksi kelainan berupa hard exudate pada retina, namun diagnosanya tidak bisa dilakukan dengan cepat karena pengamatan retina harus melewati beberapa proses. Teknologi pengolahan citra digital berbasis machine learning telah banyak digunakan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan ini. Pada Tugas Akhir ini telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengklasifikasikan tingkat keparahan NPDR secara otomatis dengan mengekstraksi karakteristik hard exudate menggunakan Gray Level Co–occurrence Matrix (GLCM) dan Neighborhood Gray–tone Difference Matrix (NGTDM) kemudian menentukan tingkat keparahannya menggunakan Extreme Learning Machine. Hasil akurasi tertingi yang didapat sebesar 91,22% untuk ekstraksi ciri dengan menggunakan GLCM.
Chirped optical solitons for Triki–Biswas equation

This paper retrieves chirped sub-pico optical pulses for Triki–Biswas equation with the help of two integration architectonics. This model discusses ultrashort pulses propagation in optical fiber in the presence of non-Kerr dispersion term and group velocity dispersion. We will obtain bright, dark and dark singular combo-optical solitons under some constraint conditions.
Subwavelength resonant dielectric nanoparticles with high refractive indices

This paper aims at understanding the nature of the subwavelength resonant frequencies of dielectric particles with high refractive indices. It is proved that for an arbitrary shaped particle, these subwavelength resonant frequencies can be expressed in terms of the eigenvalues of the Newtonian potential associated with its shape. The enhancement of the scattered field at the resonant frequencies is shown. The hybridization of the subwavelength resonant frequencies of a dimer consisting of high refractive index dielectric nanoparticles is also characterized.
Existence of Positive Solutions to Singular Boundary Value Problems Involving φ-Laplacian

This paper is concerned with the existence of positive solutions to singular Dirichlet boundary value problems involving φ -Laplacian. For non-negative nonlinearity f = f ( t , s ) satisfying f ( t , 0 ) ¬ ≡ 0 , the existence of an unbounded solution component is shown. By investigating the shape of the component depending on the behavior of f at ∞ , the existence, nonexistence and multiplicity of positive solutions are studied.
Stability and optimal control of time-periodic flows - application to a pulsed jet

This thesis focuses on the stability and the optimisation of time-periodic flows. The resulting framework has been applied to the pulsed jet study. In a laminar round jet, due to its large noise amplification properties, ring vortices are generated spontaneously. This generation can be controlled by imposing an axisymmetric forcing at the inlet. In this configuration, two kinds of instabilities arise. On the one hand, in an intrinsic way, these vortices, can undergo vortex pairing: rings merge two by two, increasing the jet thickness and mixing. On the other hand, if an additional subharmonic helical term is superimposed to the axisymmetric forcing, ring vortices can be shifted off-axis in an alternate fashion, leading to a bifurcating jet. The mutual induction between rings leads to a large spreading in a preferential bifurcating plane. First, a stabilisation technique for unstable periodic orbits, based on a time-delayed feedback, has been developed. This method has been applied to the axisymmetric pulsed jet to recover unpaired periodic states. This chapter provides the base flow used for stability and optimisation studies in the following. Second, the modal and non-modal stability of the un-paired jet has been investigated using Floquet theory. While modal stability accurately predicts vortex pairing occurrence, transient growth provides a vigorous transition mechanism from unpaired to paired state. Then, an optimisation of the helical forcing applied to bifurcating jets has been carried out to improve their spreading and mixing. The optimal forcing has been plugged in direct numerical simulations and results have been compared with those obtained with simpler forcing used in the literature. Optimal forcing moves strongly upstream the bifurcation point, triggering a larger flaring of the jet. In addition, optimal forcing dramatically increases the Strouhal number domain in which jet bifurcation can be encountered. Finally, as an Appendix, results from a collaboration with the Laboratoire de Mecanique des Solides (LMS,Ecole Polytechnique) on the stability of the growth of vicinal surfaces are presented.
A novel approach for electromagnetic inverse scattering of a two‐dimensional perfect electric conductor object

A two‐dimensional shape determination technique for a perfect electric conductor target using electromagnetic inverse scattering is presented. The proposed algorithm uses the scattered field pattern and an inverse scattering technique derived from Green's function to retrieve the geometry of an unknown target. This method uses the scattering field data over a band of observation points, which is synthesized using frequency domain “method of moment” computational technique. We have verified this algorithm with four different types of numerical examples.
The distance measures between q‐rung orthopair hesitant fuzzy sets and their application in multiple criteria decision making

In this paper, we first introduce the concept of q‐rung orthopair hesitant fuzzy set ( q ‐ROHFS) and discuss the operational laws between any two q ‐ROHFSs. Then the distance measures between q ‐ROHFSs are proposed based on the concept of “multiple fuzzy sets”, and we develop the TOPSIS method to the proposed distance measures. The proposed distance measures not only retain the preference information expressed by q ‐ROHFSs, but also deal with the q ‐rung orthopair hesitant fuzzy decision information more objectively, In fact, the method can avoid the loss and distortion of the information in actual decision‐making process. Furthermore, we give an illustrative example about the selection of energy projects to illustrate the reasonableness and effectiveness of the proposed method, which is also compared with other existing methods. Finally, we make the sensitivity analysis of the parameters in proposed distance measures about the selection of energy projects.
Improvement of 2-μm Thulium-Doped Fiber Lasers via ASE Suppression Using All-Solid Low-Pass Photonic Bandgap Fibers

All-solid photonic bandgap fibers (PBGFs) were designed and fabricated to work as low-pass filters in 2-μm region. They were used for manipulating thulium doped fiber laser (TDFL) operating in the 2-μm region via amplified spontaneous emission suppression. A sharp lasing peak at 1915 nm was achieved using a single-stage TDFL with full width at half maximum and optical signal-to-noise ratio of 0.3 nm and 39.5 dB, respectively. This lasing is achieved using the fabricated PBGF low-pass filter with cutoff wavelength at 1945 μm and loss of more than 25 dB. In this respect, the resultant TDFL performed better than the one that did not employ the low-pass filter. In this paper, we present a few representative cases involving the all-solid PBGF. We have shown that by increasing the diameter of the fabricated PBGF from 142 to 189 μm, their cutoffs related to their bandgaps shifted from 1727 nm toward longer wavelengths, 2079 nm. As a result, lasers with different wavelengths were generated within 2-μm region.
Capturing Revolute Motion and Revolute Joint Parameters with Optical Tracking

Optical tracking of users and various technical systems are becoming more and more popular. It consists of analysing sequence of recorded images using video capturing devices and image processing algorithms. The returned data contains mainly point-clouds, coordinates of markers or coordinates of point of interest. These data can be used for retrieving information related to the geometry of the objects, but also to extract parameters for the analytical model of the system useful in a variety of computer aided engineering simulations. The parameter identification of joints deals with extraction of physical parameters (mainly geometric parameters) for the purpose of constructing accurate kinematic and dynamic models. The input data are the time-series of the marker’s position. The least square method was used for fitting the data into different geometrical shapes (ellipse, circle, plane) and for obtaining the position and orientation of revolute joins.
BGO Track Reconstruction with DAMPE

The BGO calorimeter (BGO) on board the DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) is composed of 308 BGO scintillation crystals hodoscopically arranged in 14 layers to measure the three- dimensional shower profile of particles. In addition to the measurement of particle energy and differentiating between electromagnetic and hadronic showers, the BGO image is also used to measure the direction of the incident particle despite its moderate resolution. Making use of the entire shower image in the BGO, the BGO shower axis reconstructed is less effected by the back- splash effect and secondary particles, in good complement to the STK track especially for high energy events. The BGO track reconstructed is used as a seed for the STK track reconstruction as well as to identify the STK track best associate with the incident particle. We introduce in this proceeding an improved BGO track reconstruction algorithm that provides results of higher accuracy as demonstrated using both flight data and simulation data.
Island constraints are not the result of sentence processing

On the basis of a comparison between sentence judgements in English vs. Akan, we argue that island constraints (positions to which a question word can be linked) cannot be reduced to the effects of the sentence processing mechanism. Questions that violate constraints are judged better in Akan than in English, although the challenge to the sentence processor is the same for the two languages. We argue specifically that the constraints cannot be reduced to the effects of specificity of the question phrase, and must be attributed to two different grammatical mechanisms for the languages.