Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The hHFE gene of browsing and grazing rhinoceroses: a possible site of adaptation to a low-iron diet.

When rhinoceros species that are browsers in the wild are fed in captivity they become iron overloaded. Presumably, their iron-absorptive mechanisms have evolved to become highly efficient. In humans, mutations of the HFE gene cause increased iron absorption. To determine whether the HFE gene of rhinoceroses has undergone mutation as an adaptive mechanism to improve iron absorption from iron-poor diets, we have sequenced the entire coding region of the HFE genes of four species of rhinoceros. Two of these were browsing species and two were grazing species. Although the HFE gene has been well preserved across species, numerous nucleotide differences were found between rhinoceros and human or mouse, some of which changed deduced amino acids. Of these mutations, only one found in the black rhinoceros appears to be a viable candidate mutation that might adversely affect HFE function. This mutation, S88T, is in a highly conserved region that is involved in the interaction between transferrin receptor and HFE.
Challenges in TCAD simulations of tunneling field effect transistors

In this paper we present an extensive comparison of tunneling device simulations versus experimental results. Different tunneling models were used to simulate long channel silicon on insulator tunneling field effect transistors. The results were compared to experimental results, which were taken from the literature. A calibrated parameter set of the dynamic NonLocal-Tunneling model is presented, which qualitatively reproduces the experimental results at different electrostatic potential conditions and physical gate lengths.
[Unilateral or asymmetric PEX syndrome? An electron microscopy study].

BACKGROUND The pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome which is characterized by the accumulation of an abnormal extracellular material in intra- and extraocular tissues, clinically strictly manifests both unilateral and bilateral. However, the generalized nature of this matrix process does not support unilateral ocular manifestation. The aim of this study, therefore, was a detailed histopathological analysis of the apparently not involved fellow eyes in so-called "unilateral" PEX syndrome. MATERIAL AND METHODS For transmission electron microscopy, 5 pairs of donor eyes with slitlamp-microscopic, macroscopic and light microscopic evidence of unilateral PEX syndrome and 6 normal control eyes were studied. For immunohistochemistry, light and electron microscopic antibodies against LTBP-1 and HNK-1, two well-known markers for PEX deposits, were used. RESULTS All apparently not involved contralateral eyes showed ultrastructural changes in the iris, in the ciliary body and in the trabecular meshwork. These changes include deposits of typical PEX fibrils on iris and ciliary epithelia as well as in the iris dilator muscle, microfibrillar precursors in the periphery of iris vessels, degenerative changes of the iris pigment epithelium and of the dilator muscle and an increased accumulation of extracellular matrix components around iris vessels, in the dilator muscle and in the juxta-canalicular connective tissue of the trabecular meshwork. In all contralateral and PEX eyes, but not in the control eyes, LTBP-1 and HNK-1 positive deposits could be identified in the periphery of iris vessels and in the dilator by light- and electron microscopic immunolabeling. CONCLUSIONS The observed alterations in contralateral eyes in so-called "unilateral" PEX syndrome support the concept that the PEX syndrome is a generalized, basically bilateral disease which may present in a clinically asymmetric manifestation. This should be considered in the clinical management of these patients.
Treatment of refractory disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infection with interferon gamma. A preliminary report.

BACKGROUND Studies conducted in vitro and in animals suggest that cytokine signals to monocytes or macrophages by interferon gamma are important in the containment and clearance of disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infections. METHODS We studied seven patients with refractory, disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infections who were not infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Three patients were from a family predisposed to the development of Mycobacterium avium complex infections; four patients had idiopathic CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia. Their infections were culture- or biopsy-proved, involved at least two organ systems, and had been treated with the maximal tolerated medical therapy. Cellular proliferation, cytokine production, and phagocyte function were assessed in peripheral-blood cells. Interferon gamma was administered subcutaneously two or three times weekly in a dose of 25 to 50 micrograms per square meter of body-surface area in addition to antimycobacterial medications. Clinical effects were monitored by cultures, biopsies, radiographs, and in one patient a change in the need for paracentesis. RESULTS In response to phytohemagglutinin, the production of interferon gamma by mononuclear cells from the patients was lower than in normal subjects (P < 0.001), whereas stimulation with ionomycin and phorbol myristate acetate led to normal production of interferon gamma in the patients. Within eight weeks of the start of interferon gamma therapy, all seven patients had marked clinical improvement, with abatement of fever, clearing of many lesions and quiescence of others, radiographic improvement, and a reduction in the need for paracentesis. CONCLUSIONS Interferon gamma in combination with conventional therapy may be effective for some cases of refractory disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infection.
Is Incidentally Detected Pulmonary Embolism in Cancer Patients Less Severe? A Case-Control Study

Incidental pulmonary embolism (PE) in cancer patients is usually thought to be of mild degree. We investigated the severity of PE and evaluated the potential of raising the suspicion of PE in such patients. The computed tomography (CT) extent of PE was evaluated in 19 consecutive unsuspected and 19 randomly selected symptomatic patients. A clinical pattern useful for suspecting PE was also searched. On CT, number of embolized vessels, location of emboli, and simple instrumental findings were not different in the two groups. PE is not less severe in unsuspected cancer patients; moreover, PE may be clinically suspected in such patients.
Uniform notation of tableau rules for multiple-valued logics

A framework for axiomatizing arbitrary finitely valued logics with minimal overhead compared to the classical case is presented. The main idea is to work with tableaux using generalized signs, which makes it possible to express complex assertions regarding the possible truth values of a formula. The class of regular logical connectives which, together with a suitable restriction on queries (i.e. allowed signs) to the system, allow a uniform notation style representation of multiple-valued propositional and first-order logics is introduced. It has been demonstrated that various systems differing in their allowed classes of connectives and complexity, of rules may be formulated. This allows the use of tools and methods that are close to the ones used in classical logic, both on the theoretical (uniform notation in definitions and proofs) and practical (use of classical theorem provers with few modifications) sides. <<ETX>>
A novel concept and impedance schematic analysis for nonlinear stiffness compliant actuator (NSCA)

This paper proposed a new concept about compliant actuators used in robot and environment interaction that is “high load, high stiffness and low load, low stiffness” with respect to the decoupled variable stiffness actuators (VSA), because most of VSA could control position and stiffness independently, where some performance is not necessary in robot and environments or human interaction. To explicit tradeoff between external load and actuators stiffness, the novel nonlinear stiffness compliant actuator (NSCA) based on nonlinear stiffness elastic components was designed. On one hand, sense tiny force in low interaction; on other hand, ensure systematic bandwidth in high interaction force. In this paper, the mechanical structure of the NSCA, dynamic equations of the SEA are established. Impedance control algorithm and hardware circuit are then presented. At last, simulation and experiment are conducted to validate the performance of the NSCA. The results show high performance of controlling the NSCA.
Optimal feature subset selection for fuzzy extreme learning machine using genetic algorithm with multilevel parameter optimization

The crucial objective of this paper is to design a hybrid model of the genetic algorithm for fuzzy extreme learning machine classifier (GA-FELM), which selects an optimal feature subset by using the multilevel parameter optimization technique. Feature subset selection is an important task in pattern classification and knowledge discovery problems. The generalization performance of the system is not only depending on optimal features but also dependent upon the classifier (learning algorithm). Therefore, it is an important task to select a fast and efficient classifier. Research efforts have affirmed that extreme learning machine (ELM) has superior and accurate classification ability. However, ELM is failed to handle the uncertain data. One of the alternative solutions is fuzzy-ELM, which combines the advantages of fuzzy logic and ELM. GA-FELM is able to handle curse of dimensionality problem, optimization problem and weighted classification problem with maximizing classification accuracy by minimizing the number of features. In order to validate the efficiency of GA-FELM, the comparative performance is evaluated by using three different approaches viz. 1. ELM and GA-ELM 2. GA-ELM and GA-FELM 3. GA-FELM and GA-existing classifier. The result analysis shows that classification accuracy is improved with 9% while reducing 62% features.
A new strategy to ERADicate HER2-positive breast tumors?

Targeting a proteotoxic stress response pathway may improve therapeutic outcomes for HER2-positive breast cancer patients. HER2-positive breast cancers that have become resistant to HER2-targeting agents, such as trastuzumab (also known as Herceptin), have limited treatment options. In this issue of Science Signaling, Singh et al. have identified a characteristic increase in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–associated degradation (ERAD) system in HER2-positive tumors as a mechanism of relieving proteotoxic stress. Synthetic lethality arising from targeted disruption of ERAD signaling in conjunction with other HER2-dependent signaling may improve therapeutic management of this difficult class of breast tumors.
Th17 cytokines differentiate obesity from obesity-associated type 2 diabetes and promote TNFα production

T cell inflammation plays pivotal roles in obesity‐associated type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The identification of dominant sources of T cell inflammation in humans remains a significant gap in understanding disease pathogenesis. It was hypothesized that cytokine profiles from circulating T cells identify T cell subsets and T cell cytokines that define T2DM‐associated inflammation.
La transmisión de los potyvirus por pulgones (Revisión)

Los virus de plantas para sobrevivir deben ser capaces de replicarse en las celulas del huesped, expandirse por el mismo y colonizar nuevas plantas. El proceso de transmision de una planta a otra resulta esencial, habiendose desarrollado diversas estrategias que, en la mayoria de los casos, involucran un insecto vector. Los potyvirus son transmitidos en la naturaleza por pulgones, en un proceso en el que intervienen, al menos, dos proteinas de origen viral: la proteina de la capsida y el factor de transmision. Existen varias lineas de evidencias que apoyan la hipotesis de una actuacion del factor de transmision a modo de intermediario entre las particulas virales y el estilete del pulgon. En esta revision se presenta una vision historica de los conocimientos existentes hasta el momento acerca de los aspectos moleculares del proceso de transmision de los potyvirus por pulgones.
Interaction of PC4 with melted DNA inhibits transcription

PC4 is a nuclear DNA‐binding protein that stimulates activator‐dependent class II gene transcription in vitro. Recent biochemical and X‐ray analyses have revealed a unique structure within the C‐terminal domain of PC4 that binds tightly to unpaired double‐stranded (ds)DNA. The cellular function of this evolutionarily conserved dimeric DNA‐binding fold is unknown. Here we demonstrate that PC4 represses transcription through this motif. Interaction with melted promoters is not required for activator‐dependent transcription in vitro. The inhibitory activity is attenuated on bona fide promoters by (i) transcription factor TFIIH and (ii) phosphorylation of PC4. PC4 remains a potent inhibitor of transcription in regions containing unpaired ds DNA, in single‐stranded DNA that can fold into two antiparallel strands, and on DNA ends. Our observations are consistent with a novel inhibitory function of PC4.
DCM forward-flyback converter integrated with a 5-order cockcroft-walton voltage multiplier: A steady-state and resonant current analysis

This paper presents the steady state and resonant current analysis of a Forward-Flyback Voltage Multiplier operating in discontinuous conduction mode. The operation stages are approached, taking into account the resonant current. The static gain and the conditions for the operations modes are obtained. A sinusoidal approximation is proposed to represent the resonant current with respect to the number of stages, voltage multiplier capacitors and leakage inductance. The characteristics of voltage sharing among capacitors, that allows the use of small voltage components, and the high-gain with reduced turns of the transformer are verified. Bench tests were made for a 200 V/2000 V prototype, from one to five stages, highlighting the overall circuit effects for a 200 W output power. Obtained waveforms for different number of voltage multiplier stages validate the theoretical and simulated results, making this converter an alternative to isolated DC/DC systems where the output voltage must be higher than the input voltage.
Morphologic determinants in the etiology of class III malocclusions: A review

Morphospatial disharmony of the craniomaxillary and mandibular complexes may yield apparent mandibular prognathism, but Class III malocclusions can exist with any number of aberrations of the craniofacial complex. Deficient orthocephalization of the cranial base allied with a smaller anterior cranial base component has been implicated in the etiology of Class III malocclusions. Whereas the more acute cranial base angle may affect the articulation of the condyles resulting in their forward displacement, the reduction in anterior cranial size may affect the position of the maxilla. As well, intrinsic skeletal elements of the maxillary complex may be responsible for maxillary hypoplasia that may exacerbate the anterior crossbite seen in the Class III condition. Conversely, with an orthognathic maxilla, condylar hyperplasia and anterior positioning of the condyles at the temporo‐mandibular joint may produce an anterior crossbite. Aside from the skeletal components, soft tissue matrices, particularly labial pressure from the circumoral musculature, may influence the final outcome of craniofacial growth of a child skeletally predisposed to Class III conditions. Indeed, as some Asian ethnic groups demonstrate an increased prevalence of Class III malocclusions, it is likely that the skeletal components and soft tissues matrices are genetically determined. Presumably, the co‐morphologies of the craniomaxillary and mandibular complexes are likely dependent upon candidate genes that undergo gene‐environmental interactions to yield Class III malocclusions. The identification of such genes is a desirable step in unraveling the complexity of Class III malocclusions. With this knowledge, the clinician may elect an early course of dentofacial orthopedic and orthodontic treatments aimed at preventing the development of Class III malocclusions. Clin. Anat. 12:382–405, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developmental origins of obesity: Early feeding environments, infant growth, and the intestinal microbiome

Pediatric overweight and obesity are growing problems worldwide, with increasing prevalence among even infants and young children. The refractory nature of early overweight necessitates identifying the factors contributing to early excess weight gain for successful intervention. Early feeding practices may be particularly important in shaping long‐term vulnerability to obesity. How and what infants are fed can influence weight gain, adiposity, and energy metabolism during infancy and across the life course through a number of interacting physiological and behavioral pathways. This article argues that these biological mechanisms interact with the social and behavioral context of infant feeding to create differential vulnerability to later obesity.
Mapping Genes through the Use of Linkage Disequilibrium Generated by Genetic Drift: ‘Drift Mapping’ in Small Populations with No Demographic Expansion

Linkage disequilibrium has been a powerful tool in identifying rare disease alleles in human populations. To date, most research has been directed to isolated populations which have undergone a bottleneck followed by rapid exponential expansion. While this strategy works well for rare diseases in which all disease alleles in the population today are clonal copies of some common ancestral allele, for common disease genes with substantial allelic heterogeneity, this approach is not predicted to work. In this paper, we describe the dynamics of linkage disequilibrium in populations which have not undergone a demographic expansion. In these populations, it is shown that genetic drift creates disequilibrium over time, while in expanded populations, the disequilibrium decays with time. We propose that common disease alleles might be more efficiently identified by drift mapping – linkage disequilibrium mapping in small, old populations of constant size where the disequilibrium is the result of genetic drift, not founder effect. Theoretical models, empirical data, and simulated population models are presented as evidence for the utility of this approach.
Roles of infection control nurses in university hospitals.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the roles of infection control nurses (ICNs) in university hospitals. MATERIAL AND METHOD Interviewing 23 ICNs in 6 university hospitals applying for hospital accreditation during March and April 2002. RESULTS The ICNs had an average work experience of 11.3 years. The roles relatively well carried out by the ICNs were: administration, outbreak investigation, personnel health, education, consultation. Better performance was needed in the roles of presenting surveillance data to infection control committee, research and analyzing the needs and expectation of patients related to IC. CONCLUSION Infection control nurses in university hospitals could perform their roles relatively well. However, better roles in surveillance, research and quality improvement need to be developed.
Return-to-Sport Outcomes After Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Surgery

Background: There are limited and inconsistent data regarding return-to-sport outcomes after revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Hypothesis: Return-to-sport rates will be lower after revision ACLR when compared with primary ACLR. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: The study cohort consisted of 136 eligible patients who had undergone their first revision ACLR between March 2006 and March 2010. Of these, 109 patients (80%) completed a sports activity survey at a mean 5-year follow-up (range, 3-7 years). Follow-up also included the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective form, Marx Activity Scale, and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score–quality of life (KOOS-QOL) form. Operative details were obtained from the clinical record. Results: After revision ACLR, 46% (95% CI, 37%-55%) of patients returned to their preinjury level of sport, compared with 50% (95% CI, 41%-59%) after the primary reconstruction in the same patients. Of the patients who were not able to return to their preinjury level of sport after primary reconstruction, 33% improved to the point that they were able to do so after revision. Younger patients were more likely to have returned to their same level of sport (58% vs 38%, P < .05), while the rate of return was the same between male and female patients. Those who returned to their preinjury level of sport scored higher Marx (P < .01), KOOS-QOL (P < .001), and IKDC scores (P < .01) than those who did not. Patients with <50% thickness articular cartilage lesions at revision surgery were more likely to have returned to their preinjury level (52% vs 31%, P < .05) and had significantly better Marx (P < .01), KOOS-QOL (P < .01), and IKDC scores (P < .01) at follow-up. The status of the menisci at the time of revision surgery was not associated with rates of return to sport, but patients with an intact medial meniscus had significantly higher KOOS-QOL (P < .05) scores at follow-up. Conclusion: Return-to-sport rates of patients after revision ACLR were similar to those after their primary surgery but were still lower than the reported rates of ACLR patients who did not need revision surgery. Greater chondral pathologic abnormalities at revision surgery were associated with reduced function at follow-up.
Real-time FPGA-based radar imaging for smart mobility systems

The paper presents an X-band FMCW (Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave) Radar Imaging system, called X-FRI, for surveillance in smart mobility applications. X-FRI allows for detecting the presence of targets (e.g. obstacles in a railway crossing or urban road crossing, or ships in a small harbor), as well as their speed and their position. With respect to alternative solutions based on LIDAR or camera systems, X-FRI operates in real-time also in bad lighting and weather conditions, night and day. The radio-frequency transceiver is realized through COTS (Commercial Off The Shelf) components on a single-board. An FPGA-based baseband platform allows for real-time Radar image processing.