Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
GIANT KELP (MACROCYSTIS PYRIFERA, PHAEOPHYCEAE) RECRUITMENT NEAR ITS SOUTHERN LIMIT IN BAJA CALIFORNIA AFTER MASS DISAPPEARANCE DURING ENSO 1997–1998

During the ENSO event of 1997–1998, density and population structure were evaluated in a Macrocystis pyrifera forest located in Bahía Tortugas, Baja California, Mexico, near the southern limit of the species’ distribution in the Northern Hemisphere. Observations in Bahía Tortugas were made quarterly from January 1997 to September 1998 using SCUBA diving surveys. No macroscopic plants were found in the Bahía Tortugas area from October 1997 to April 1998, a local absence of at least 7 months. Aerial surveys further suggest regional disappearance along most of the Baja California coast during the event. Unexpectedly, plants were found in Bahía Tortugas again in July 1998, in spite of the widespread disappearance of the species less than a year earlier. Long‐distance spore dispersal was an unlikely cause of the recruitment because: 1) the nearest spore source was more than 100 km away; 2) recruitment appeared to be simultaneous at many sites and occurred rapidly after the cessation of the ENSO event; and 3) the recruits occurred in the same areas as before disappearance. We suggest that a microscopic stage that was not visible during dive surveys survived the stressful conditions of ENSO and caused the recruitment event, supporting the hypothesis that a bank of microscopic forms can survive conditions stressful to macroscopic algae.
Integrating DNA and morphological taxonomy to describe a new species of the family Bathynellidae (Crustacea, Syncarida) from Spain

A new species of Bathynellidae Grobben, 1905 is described from Spain. Vejdovskybathy-nella vasconica sp. nov. displays an exclusive feature within the genus: eightsegmented antenna. Besides, the new species has a unique combination of morphological characters, including medial seta on exopod of antenna, antennule length similar to antenna, three-segmented mandibular palp without sexual dimorphism, four segments on endopod of thoracopod I to VII, three spines on the sympod of uropod, two claws on the endopod of uropod, first spine longer than the rest on the furcal rami, exopod smaller than endopod on female thoracopod VIII, a long frontal projection and medium size outer protuberance on penial region of male thoracopod VIII, and a medium size frontal crest with a small “spur” on basipod of male thoracopod VIII. Partial sequences from mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene have been obtained from specimens of the type locality of the new species. The analyses of molecular data demonstrate the presence of two highly divergent genetic units within the Bathynellidae, corresponding to two morphologically well differenciated genera.
Une méthode de réduction de modèle basée sur l'échantillonnage pour le calcul d'une réponse vibro-acoustique aléatoire en basse fréquence

La caracterisation de la signature acoustique et vibratoire de structures en mer en presence d'incertitudes est consideree avec interet dans l'industrie marine. La dimension stochastique de tels problemes pouvant etre grande, nous proposons une methode basee sur le mariage efficace de techniques de reduction de modele et d'approche par echantillonnage pour le calcul de la reponse vibroacoustique aleatoire en basses frequences.
Using calcein-filled osmotic pumps to study the calcification response of benthic foraminifera to induced hypoxia under in situ conditions : an experimental approach

Benthic foraminifer a are extensively used for environmental monitoring, for example in the context of oxygen depletion in coastal waters, which is the fastest growing and most serious threat to marine ecosystems. Several studies have demonstrated that many foraminiferal species are able to survive, reproduce and calcify under hypoxic (low dissolved oxygen) and even anoxic (no oxygen) conditions. The responses to these conditions are species specific, for example lowering of the metabolism, storage of nitrate to support anaerobic metabolism, and vertical migration in the sediments. Here we show for the first time that osmotic pumps can be used to dispense the fluorescent calcite marker calcein in undisturbed marine sediments in order to analyse the calcification response of calcareous foraminifera to different oxygen conditions. In the present study we used osmotic pumps to deliver a 100 mg/l solution of calcein to marine sediment cores, which were collected from the Gullmar Fjord, wherein benthic foraminifera were cultured under normoxic and hypoxic in situ conditions during ~3.5 months. The average temperature in the seawater overlying the sediments was 8°C and the average salinity was 32.6. The osmotic pumps, which had a calculated flow rate of ~1 μl/h, were filled with 2 ml of the calcein solution and then placed, one per sediment core, 1 cm below the sediment- water interface. Our analysis of calceinlabelled benthic foraminifera in the 100–150 μm-fraction in the uppermost 1.5 cm of the sediments shows that the relative abundances of calcifying Nonionoides turgida and Nonionellina labradorica compared to Bulimina marginata are positively correlated with the oxygen levels. The results indicate that the calcein concentration decreases in a direction away from the osmotic pump, although calcein-labelled foraminifera were recovered at all distances within a radius of 4.5 cm from the point source. By using osmotic pumps culturing and calcein-labelling can be performed in situ in undisturbed sediment cores, which means that the advantages of both the field study and the laboratory experiment can be utilized – that is a better consistency with the natural conditions in combination with a rigorous control of environmental variables. Thus, osmotic pumps have a great potential to become an important tool in future studies of benthic foraminiferal ecology.
Antifungal activities of extracts from selected Lebanese wild plants against plant pathogenic fungi

Extracts of nine plant species growing wild in Lebanon were tested for their efficacy against seven plant pathogenic fungi: Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria solani, Penicillium sp. , Cladosporium sp. , Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis, Rhizoctonia solani and Sphaerotheca cucurbitae. Extracts of three of the plants, Origanum syriacum, Micromeria nervosa and Plumbago maritima, showed the highest levels of in vitro activity against spore germination and mycelial growth of the fungi tested. Inula viscosa showed high activity against spore germination but only moderate activity against mycelial growth. The other five plant species tested Calamintha origanifolia, Micromeria juliana, Ruta sp. , Sideritis pullulans and Urginea maritima showed only moderate to low activity against these fungi. Preventive sprays with extracts of O. syriacum, M. nervosa, P. maritima and I. viscosa, applied at concentrations ranging between 4 and 8% to squash and cucumber seedlings, gave efficient protection against gray mold caused by B. cinerea and powdery mildew caused by S. cucurbitae. However, these extracts did not control green mold of citrus fruits caused by Penicillium sp. Thin layer chromatography revealed three inhibitory bands in extracts of O. syriacum, two in I. viscosa and only one in each of the other plants tested: M. nervosa, P. maritima, C. origanifolia and Ruta sp.
Sequence-Function Relationships in E. coli Transcriptional Regulation

Understanding how transcriptional regulatory sequence maps to regulatory function remains a difficult problem in regulatory biology. Given a particular DNA sequence for a bacterial promoter region, we would like to be able to say which transcription factors bind there, how strongly they bind, and whether they interact with each other and/or RNA polymerase, with the ultimate objective of integrating knowledge of these parameters into a prediction of gene expression levels. The theoretical framework of statistical thermodynamics provides a useful framework for doing so, enabling us to predict how gene expression levels depend on transcription factor binding energies and concentrations. We used thermodynamic models, coupled with models of the sequence-dependent binding energies of transcription factors and RNAP, to construct a genotype to phenotype map for the level of repression exhibited by the lac promoter, and tested it experimentally using a set of promoter variants from E. coli strains isolated from different natural environments. For this work, we sought to ``reverse engineer'' naturally occurring promoter sequences to understand how variations in promoter sequence affects gene expression. The natural inverse of this approach is to ``forward engineer'' promoter sequences to obtain targeted levels of gene expression. We used a high precision model of RNAP-DNA sequence dependent binding energy, coupled with a thermodynamic model relating binding energy to gene expression, to predictively design and verify a suite of synthetic E. coli promoters whose expression varied over nearly three orders of magnitude. However, although thermodynamic models enable predictions of mean levels of gene expression, it has become evident that cell-to-cell variability or ``noise'' in gene expression can also play a biologically important role. In order to address this aspect of gene regulation, we developed models based on the chemical master equation framework and used them to explore the noise properties of a number of common E. coli regulatory motifs; these properties included the dependence of the noise on parameters such as transcription factor binding strength and copy number. We then performed experiments in which these parameters were systematically varied and measured the level of variability using mRNA FISH. The results showed a clear dependence of the noise on these parameters, in accord with model predictions. Finally, one shortcoming of the preceding modeling frameworks is that their applicability is largely limited to systems that are already well-characterized, such as the lac promoter. Motivated by this fact, we used a high throughput promoter mutagenesis assay called Sort-Seq to explore the completely uncharacterized transcriptional regulatory DNA of the E. coli mechanosensitive channel of large conductance (MscL). We identified several candidate transcription factor binding sites, and work is continuing to identify the associated proteins.
Distribution of Bacterial Contaminants in a South African Lager Brewery

Bacteria isolated from contaminated pitching yeast, fermenting wort and beer samples from a South African lager brewery over a one-year period were tentatively identified by an improved, rapid diagnostic procedure as pediococci (41%), homofermentative lactobacilli (5%), heterofermentative lactobacilli (9%), Acetobacter spp. (7%), Gluconobacter spp. (13%) and Hafnia protea (25%). Pediococci and lactobacilli dominated samples taken from fermentation, storage and ‘bright’ beer tanks but were absent from pitched wort samples, from collection vessels and the single pitching yeast sample investigated. Acetic acid bacteria and H. protea were widely distributed in collection vessel, fermentation and storage tank samples, and H. protea was isolated from recycled pitching yeast.
Chromium stress in plants

The article presents an overview of the mechanism of chromium stress in plants. Chromium is known to be a toxic metal that can cause severe damage to plants and animals. Chromium-induced oxidative stress involves induction of lipid peroxidation in plants that causes severe damage to cell membranes. Oxidative stress induced by chromium initiates the degradation of photosynthetic pigments causing decline in growth. High chromium concentration can disturb the chloroplast ultrastructure thereby disturbing the photosynthetic process. Like copper and iron, chromium is also a redox metal and its redox behaviour exceeds that of other metals like Co, Fe, Zn, Ni, etc. The redox behaviour can thus be attributed to the direct involvement of chromium in inducing oxidative stress in plants. Chromium can affect antioxidant metabolism in plants. Antioxidant enzymes like SOD, CAT, POX and GR are found to be susceptible to chromium resulting in a decline in their catalytic activities. This decline in antioxidant efficiency is an important factor in generating oxidative stress in plants under chromium stress. However, both metallothioneins and organic acids are important in plants as components of tolerance mechanisms and are also involved in detoxification of this toxic metal.
Primate Adaptation and Evolution

For many years John Fleagle's text on the adaptation and evolution of primates and early hominoid fossils was the the text of choice for teachers and research workers alike. Now, as the only such work in print, this new edition brings this coverage up to date with the latest fossil finds and most current research. The book retains its grounding in the extant primate groups as the best way to understand the fossil trail and the evolution of these modern forms. But this coverage is now streamlined, making reference to the many new and excellent books on living primate ecology and adaptation - a field that has burgeoned since the first edition of Primate Adaptation and Evolution. By drawing out the key features of the extant families and referring to more detailed texts, Fleagle sets the scene and also creates space for a thorough updating of the exciting developments in primate palaeontology - and the reconstruction through early hominid species - of our own human origins. Illustrated with many of the classic pictures from earlier editions - and whole new suite of illustrations, revised evolutionary trees and tables - this book remains the indispensible text on this fascinating subject. * Long-awaited revision of the standard student text on primate evolution* Full coverage of newly discovered fossils and the latest taxonomy* Over 200 new illustrations and revised evolutionary trees
Salmonid Fishes Differ in Their Cortisol and Glucose Responses to Handling and Transport Stress

Abstract Uniformly acclimated juvenile salmonid fishes subjected to 30-s handling or 2-h transport stressors showed differences in the magnitude of poststress plasma cortisol and glucose increases. Lake trout Salvelinus namaycush had the highest maximum plasma cortisol after handling (143 ng/mL), rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss had the lowest levels (43 ng/mL), and brown trout Salmo trutta and brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis had intermediate levels (111 and 89 ng/mL, respectively). Lake trout had the highest peak posttransport plasma cortisol (124 ng/mL) compared with brook trout (69 ng/mL) and rainbow trout (57 ng/mL). Peak posthandling plasma glucose levels were highest in brown trout (257 mg/dL) followed by brook, rainbow, and lake trout (177, 153, and 150 mg/dL, respectively). Rainbow trout, however, had the highest peak plasma glucose concentration (223 mg/dL) after transport, and lake trout the lowest (143 mg/dL). Species considered as most stressed based on plasma cortisol elevations were not n.
Contribuições do projeto “Horticultura e Sustentabilidade” no ensino das Ciências em escola pública de Salgado- SE

This research project investigates the contributions of the "Horticulture and Sustainability" developed in a public school in Salgado-SE. This work presents the actions developed in the project and reflects on the importance of these activities for the training of students from the views of the participants (students and teachers). Besides seeking to understand the process of teaching and learning in the activities, the ratio of students to the subject of chemistry, the relationship between students and teachers in carrying out activities for the discipline for the successful development of the school environment and what knowledge acquired by teachers and students. The research had a qualitative approach and included the application of a questionnaire to collect the views of informants on the participation in the project and oriented observation of the actions developed. From the research it was possible to understand that the project developed in school dynamics allowed the teaching of science, developing the collective work. The participation of teachers from different disciplines in the development of activities was observed. Students can verify in practice the relationship between knowledge of different areas, and provide a closer view of your reality and also a greater awareness of social and environmental issues.
Selection of candidate coding DNA barcoding regions for use on land plants

Ford, C. S. , Ayres, K. L. , Toomey, N. , Haider, N. , Stahl, J. V. , Kelly, L. J., Wikstrom, N. , Hollingsworth, P. M. , Duff, R. J., Hoot, S. B. , Cowan, R. S. , Chase, M. W. , Wilkinson, M. J. (2009). Selection of candidate coding DNA barcoding regions for use on land plants. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 159, (1), 1-11. Sponsorship: Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation IMPF: 00.98 RONO: 00
Advantages of early germination for growth and survival of seedlings of Acer mono under different overstorey phenologies in deciduous broad‐leaved forests

1 Acer mono is one of the earliest germinating species in hardwood forests of northern Japan. To evaluate the advantage of early germination for the seedling establishment, differences in the temporal pattern of leaf development between the seedlings and overstorey trees were investigated, together with the timing of dry mass gain and allocation, survival and mortality agents of seedlings. These traits were contrasted at four sites with different types of foliage phenology in the overstorey trees (FU‐1 and FU‐2, forest understorey in which overstorey trees unfolded and shed the leaves as a flush and succeedingly, respectively; SG, small gaps; and FE, forest edge).
The effect of conjugated linoleic acid on fat to lean repartitioning and feed conversion in pigs

The repartioning effect of CLA was evaluated using 108 pigs (54 gilts and 54 barrows) fed from 61.5 to 106 kg liveweight. Pigs were fed a cereal-based basal diet containing either 2% CLA or 2% sunflower oil (a rich source of α-linoleic acid). Irrespective of gender, pigs fed CLA tended to have reduced feed intakes (−5.2%, P = 0.07), improved feed conversion efficiences (−5.9%, P = 0.06) and similar rates of gain relative to sunflower oil fed pigs. In addition, pigs fed CLA deposited less subcutaneous fat (−6.8%, P = 0.01) and gained more lean (+2.3%, P = 0.03) than pigs fed sunflower oil. These data suggest CLA can be used as a repartioning agent in pigs and that further research to optimize the repartitioning effect is warranted. Key words: Pig, pork, swine, conjugated linoleic acid, CLA, repartioning
Enhancing effect of low frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields on lectin-induced human lymphocyte proliferation

The effect on cell proliferation of continuous exposure of human peripheral lymphocytes from a total of 19 subjects (14 healthy donors, 1 patient with muscular dystrophy (M.D.) and his 4 siblings) to pulsed extremely-low-frequency, low-intensity electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) was studied. PEWS were not mitogenic by themselves, and a slightly reduced 3H-thymidine (3H-TdR) incorporation in unstimulated lymphocyte cultures was observed. In phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocyte cultures, increased 3H-TdR incorporation was observed in all subjects. The increase was statistically significant at optimal and supraoptimal phytohemagglutinin doses. The subjects belonging to the M.D. family exhibited a PEMF-induced increase of 3H-TdR incorporation higher than that found in healthy donors. The variables that appeared to be important ere the characteristics of the field, the geometry of the microculture system, the dose of the mitogen employed, and the immune status of the lymphocyte donors. The hypothesis that PEW.
RESOLUTION AND RECONSTITUTION OF ION‐TRANSPORT SYSTEMS fn1

1. Oxidative phosphorylation was reconstituted with a mitochondrial proton pump (oligomycin-sensitive ATPase) and segments of the oxidation chain (cytochrome oxidase or DPNH-Q1 reductase). A proton pump of bacteriorhodopsin substituted for the respiratory chain components, giving rise to light-induced ATP formation. 2. Since oxidative phosphorylation has thus become a special case of the problem of ion translocation in general, we have investigated and reconsituted other pumps. The reconstituted Ca++ pump of sarcoplasmic reticulum consists of two factors, the Ca++-dependent ATPase and a heat-stable coupling factor. 3. Other information obtained from reconstitution experiments include the role of asymmetry in organized membranes and the specificity of protein-phospholipid interaction. 4. Purified preparations of Ca++-ATPase catalyze the formation of ATP from Pi and ADP in a stepwise reaction stoichiometric with the enzyme and dependent on Ca++.
Morphological and Anatomical Studies in Helobiae II. Vascular Anatomy of the Flower of Potamogetonaceae

The vascular anatomy of the flower is described for nine members of the family Potamogetonaceae: Potamogeton indicus, P. natans, P. pectinatus, P. epihydrus, P. praelongus, P berchtoldi, Ruppia maritima, and Zannichellia palustris. While there are numerous bisexual flowers in a spike of potamogeton, there are only two in Ruppia. The unisexual flowers of Zannichellia are described as axillary, but vascular anatomy shows that they terminate the axes. The male flower of Zannichellia is regarded here as consisting of one or two stamens. The "flowers" of Potamogeton and Ruppia, which have been considered to be reduced inflorescences, are regarded here as normal flowers The "perianth" is considered to be true perianth and neither bracts nor expansions from stamen connectives. The triangular outgrowth between the two lobes of the stamens in Ruppia is homologous with the perianth segment of Potamogeton. The vascular supply of a carpel in Potamogeton or Ruppia consists of two bundles-one dorsal and one placental strand. While the former extends to the base of the stigma in Potamogeton, it is only about half as long in Ruppia. The only bundle in the carpel of Zannichellia supplies the solitary ovule. The basal part of this bundle is interpreted as representing the fusion product of a dorsal and ventral strand, but higher up, where it becomes inversely oriented, it obviousry consists of only the ventral strand. The present study does not give any support to HUTCHINSON'S placing Ruppia and Zannichellia in separate families.
Food overlap in co-existing populations of the land snails Cepaea nemoralis (L.) and Cepaea hortensis (Müll)

Faecal analysis of adult Cepaea nemoralis and Cepaea hortensis from a mixed population on chalk grassland shows that the two snail species select the same plant material as food. Herbs are selected in preference to grasses and Urtica dioica is particularly favoured. C. hortensis has the more pronounced preference for senescent material. These results are discussed in relation to competition between the two species.
Change in proximate, amino acid and fatty acid contents in muscle tissue of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after cooking

Summary Changes in proximate, amino acid and fatty acid composition of farmed, commercially important rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after conventional and microwave cooking were analysed. Rainbow trouts cooked in microwave ovens had statistically significant higher total protein, total fat, and ash than electrical oven-cooked samples. The amounts of essential and nonessential amino acids were not different between cooking methods, but the difference between raw and cooked samples was significant. Lysine, leusine, methionine, threonine, valine, arginine and histidine were found most in microwave-cooked rainbow trouts whereas isoleucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine were found most in electrical oven-cooked samples. As total saturated fatty acid and total monounsaturated fatty acids amount were not statistically different between the cooking methods, the difference between raw and cooked fillets was found statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between raw and cooked fillets in total n-3 and n-6 contents.