Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of high temperature on growth performanceof calves maintained in outdoor hutches

The aim of this work was to evaluate effects of high temperature on the growth, feed intake and health condition of calves kept in individual hutches in southern Slovakia. We tested a hypothesis that the calf performance would be infl uenced by the season at birth, sire lineage and gender. Sixtythree Holstein calves were reared in individual hutches from the second day of life to weaning at the age of 8 weeks. The calves originated from 5 sires. All calves were divided according to the temperature period at birth. The effects of period were determined according to two patterns: in pattern A, a low temperature period 1 (LT1, from April 4 to June 11, 69 days), high temperature period (HT, from June 12 to September 14, 95 days) and low temperature period 2 (from September 15 to November 24, 70 days) were distinguished; in pattern B, the results obtained in the LT1 and LT2 periods were combined and compared with those found in HT period. The same conditions of nutrition were ensured. We recorded 62 summer days and 14 tropical days during HT. Sixty-six days with the THI value above 72.0 and twenty-six with the values higher than 78.0 were found. The calves born during the HT had the lowest body weight from the fi rst week to the weaning in the both patterns (P<0.05). These calves drank up the most of water to the weaning, and had the least intake of starter mixture (P<0.05).
Biological Feedback Controller Design for Handwriting Model

This paper deals with a feedback controller of PD (proportional, derivative) type applied to the process of handwriting. The considered model for this study describes the behavior of the system “hand and pen” to forearm muscles forces, applied for the production of handwriting. The applied approach considers memory recall of error signal between model outputs and experimental data to reach a desired trajectory position, a rapid dynamic and stable model response. The control technique is applied in order to expand the handwriting model response to a larger database of graphic traces. The obtained results illustrated the reliability of closed loop control to command the handwriting system, and to ensure its robustness against unknown inputs such as muscles forces that could vary from an individual to another and increase model complexity.
Short term changes of microbial processes in Icelandic soils to increasing temperatures

Abstract. Temperature change is acknowledged to have a significant effect on soil biological processes and the corresponding sequestration of carbon and cycling of nutrients. Soils at high latitudes are likely to be particularly impacted by increases in temperature. Icelandic soils experience unusually frequent freeze and thaw cycles compare to other Arctic regions, which are increasing due to a warming climate. As a consequence these soils are frequently affected by short term temperature fluctuations. In this study, the short term response of a range of soil microbial parameters (respiration, nutrient availability, microbial biomass carbon, arylphosphatase and dehydrogenase activity) to temperature changes was measured in sub-arctic soils collected from across Iceland. Sample sites reflected two soil temperature regimes (cryic and frigid) and two land uses (pasture and arable). The soils were sampled from the field frozen, equilibrated at −20 °C and then incubated for two weeks at −10 °C, −2 °C, +2 °C and +10 °. Respiration and enzymatic activity were temperature dependent. The soil temperature regime affected the soil microbial biomass carbon sensitivity to temperatures. When soils where sampled from the cryic temperature regime a decreasing soil microbial biomass was detected when temperatures rose above the freezing point. Frigid soils, sampled from milder climatic conditions, where unaffected by difference in temperatures. Nitrogen mineralisation did not change with temperature. At −10 °C, dissolved organic carbon accounted for 88% of the fraction of labile carbon which was significantly greater than that recorded at +10 °C when dissolved organic carbon accounted for as low as 42% of the labile carbon fraction.
On Spanish Prepositional Prefixes and the Cartography of Prepositions

Despite its potential appeal, the possibility of analyzing prefixes as prepositions (and thus as syntactic objects) faces several problems related with selection, headedness and semantic isomorphism. In this article, I try to understand and solve these problems. I focus on prefixed nouns, and more specifically on the fact that some of them have their bases interpreted as grounds (precoma, ‘something before a coma’), while others have them interpreted as figures (pre-cognition, ‘cognition before something’). I will propose that in the structures where the base can be interpreted as figure or ground the prefix is a very low prepositional modifier of the noun and the two readings depend on the interpretation of a pronominal category introduced by the preposition. This configuration is forced by the absence of a functional category from the preposition’s structure; when independent conditions force this functional category to be present, the figure reading is impossible and the prefix behaves as a preposition.
THE INFLUENCE OF NEST SUBSTRATE AND NEST SITE CHARACTERISTICS ON THE RISK OF SAN CLEMENTE SAGE SPARROW NEST FAILURE

Relatively small areas of critical habitat in island ecosystems can be essential to the survival and persistence of endemic threatened and endangered species. The San Clemente sage sparrow (Amphispiza belli clementeae) is a federally threatened, non-migratory subspecies endemic to San Clemente Island. During the breeding season, the population is limited to the lower marine terraces along the island's western shore. From 1999 through 2006, we located 870 San Clemente sage sparrow nests in 25 nest substrates; 73% of which were in boxthorn. We examined nest site characteristics that most influenced nest failure rates and compared nest survival among nest substrates and nest substrate types. The risk of nest failure varied annually and was significantly reduced when pairs nested in boxthorn and placed their nests near the center of the shrub. However, we found no significant differences in daily nest survival rates between boxthorn and non-boxthorn nest substrates and among nest substrate types. Three times as many nests were built in boxthorn as were built in all other substrates combined. These results suggest that the availability of boxthorn as nesting habitat may be an important factor driving the distribution and growth of the San Clemente sage sparrow population.
Thirty nine years of stratified trees

The stratified tree, also called van Emde Boas tree, is a data structure implementing the full repertoire of instructions manipulating a single subset A of a finite ordered Universe U = [0.u − 1]. Instructions include member, insert, delete, min, max, predecessor and successor, as well as composite ones like extract −min. The processing time per instruction is O(loglog(u)). Hence it improves upon the traditional comparison based tree structures for dense subsets A; if A is sparse, meaning that the size n = #A = O(log(u)) the improvement vanishes. Examples exist where this improvement helps to speed-up algorithmic solutions of real problems; such applications can be found for example in graph algorithms, computational geometry and forwarding of packets on the internet. The structure was invented during a short postdoc residence at Cornell University in the fall of 1974. In the sequel of this paper I will use the original name Stratified Trees which was used in my own papers on this data structure. There are two strategies for understanding how this O(loglog(u)) improvement can be obtained. Today a direct recursive approach is used where the universe is divided into a cluster of √ u galaxies each of size √ u; the set manipulation instructions decompose accordingly in a instruction at the cluster and galaxy level, but one of these two instructions is always of a special trivial type. The processing complexity thus satisfies a recurrence T (u) = T ( √ u) +O(1). Consequently T (u) = O(loglog(u)). However, this recursive approach requires address calculations on the arguments which use multiplicative arithmetical instructions. These instructions are not allowed in the Random Access Machine model (RAM) which was the standard model in the developing research area of design and analysis of algorithms in 1974. Therefore the early implementations of the stratified trees are based on a different approach which best is described as a binary-search-on-levels strategy. In this approach the address calculations are not required, and the structure can be implemented using pointers. The downside of this approach is that it leads to rather complex algorithms, which are still hard to present correctly even today. Another bad consequence was the super linear space consumption of the data structure, which was only eliminated three years later. In this paper I want to describe the historical backgrounds against which the stratified trees were discovered and implemented. I do not give complete code fragments implementing the data structure and the operations; they can be found in the various textbooks and papers mentioned, including a Wikipedia page. Code fragments appearing in this paper are copied verbaWork supported by grant CR 62-50 Netherlands Organization for the Advancement of Pure Research (Z.W.O., currently called N.W.O). tim from the original sources; the same holds for the figures.
Smoothness, degrees of freedom and Liapunov exponents of a time series

We propose a set of tests addressing the issue of determining whether the generating law of a time series is a stochastic process or a chaotic dynamics. In the latter case, we test the smoothness and find the number of degrees of freedom of the underlying dynamics. We propose an adaptation of Eckmann and Ruelle algorithm for the computation of the Liapunov exponents of a time series. This algorithm computes efficiently the whole Liapunov spectrum of the observed dynamics, avoiding the problem of the spurious exponents.
A Control Strategy for Output Maximisation of a PMSG-Based Variable-Speed Wind Turbine

Abstract This paper presents a control strategy for output maximisation of a direct drive permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)-based small-scale variable-speed wind turbine. The control topology uses a single switch three-phase switch-mode rectifier and the generator torque, and power is controlled by controlling the switch duty cycle of the switch. To extract maximum power from the wind, the torque reference of the PMSG is calculated from generator speed and wind turbine characteristics. From this torque reference, a current reference is calculated using measured DC link voltage and generator speed. The current error is then used to control the duty cycle of the switch-mode rectifier and thereby torque of the generator is regulated through a proportionalintegral regulator. The operational characteristics of the generating system are investigated under varying wind speed through extensive simulations and the results confirm that the proposed control strategy can maximise the output power under fluctuating wind speeds.
Multiobjective optimization of composite risers

Use of fiber-reinforced laminated composites has proved itself as a valuable option in the manufacturing of risers, particularly for deepwater applications, a scenario where its lightweight related properties and good fatigue resistance are most needed. In addition, its use allows these structures to be tailored to meet specific manufacturing, safety, and stability criteria. This paper proposes an optimization model to composite risers in a free-hanging catenary configuration that considers multiple load cases and two objective functions. The optimization is carried out using a modified version of the Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II). The riser structural analysis is performed by an inextensible cable model that accounts for the vertical static loads, floater offset and current loads in a fast and efficient way. The proposed algorithm is validated using a benchmark problem and applied to obtain the Pareto Front of a composite riser.
Incidence and Distribution of Fusarium Wilt Disease of Banana in Indonesia

Fusarium wilt is a major constraint of banana production in Indonesia. Field observations and sample collections, facilitated by two ACIAR (Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research)-projects, were undertaken to generate a Fusarium wilt distribution and incidence map, based on vegetative compatibility groups (VCG). The activities were conducted from 2006 to 2009 in 15 bananaproducing provinces, where each province involved two districts, each encompassing two banana-producing areas. Fifteen to 20 banana orchards were observed, and vascular strand samples were collected from the same fields. Incidence of Fusarium wilt ranged from 0.08 to 100%, with an average of 23.99±14.41%. Seven VCGs of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) were initially identified, namely VCG 0120- 0120/15, 01213/16, 01218, 0123, 0124/5 and 0126. One third of the total isolates was identified to be Foc tropical race 4 (TR4) VCG 01213/16, which is distributed widely in almost all provinces, infecting local cultivars 'Barangan' (AAA), 'Raja' (AAB) and 'Ambon Hijau' (AAA), as well as other cultivars of different ploidies and genomes. Besides mismanagement by banana farmers, the wide distribution of the disease may be due to the movement of planting materials along with transmigration of people from Java to other islands.
Stimulatory effect of (cid:226) -adrenergic agonists on ileal L cell secretion and modulation by Æ -adrenergic activation

Postprandial release of peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) from L cells results from both nutrient transit in the ileal lumen and neural drive of endocrine cells. The adrenosympathetic system and its e V ectors have been shown to induce secretion of L cells in vivo or in vitro . Because these transmitters act through three receptors, (cid:226) , Æ 1, Æ 2, coupled to di V erent intra-cellular pathways, we evaluated the responses of L cells to speciﬁc agonists, using the model of isolated vascularly perfused rat ileum. General stimulation of adrenergic receptors with epinephrine (10 " 7 M) induced signiﬁcant GLP-1 and PYY secretions (94 & 38 and 257 & 59 fmol/ 8 min respectively) which were abolished upon propranolol (10 " 7 M) pretreatment and strongly decreased upon infusion with 10 " 8 M prazosin. Blockade of Æ 2-receptors with idazoxan (10 " 8 M) did not alter epinephrine-induced peptide secretion. The (cid:226) -adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (10 " 6 M) infused for 30 min induced a transient release of GLP-1 and PYY (integrated release over the 8 min of the peak secretion: 38 & 16 and 214 & 69 fmol for GLP-1 and PYY respectively, P <0·05). " 5 M) signiﬁcant GLP-1 secretions (135 & 30 and 305 & 39 fmol/8 min respect-ively), isoproterenol-induced secretions are suggested to result mainly from stimulation of the (cid:226) 2-isoreceptor type. In contrast, the Æ 1-agonist phenylephrine (10 " 7 M) did not stimulate peptide release. When co-infused with 10 " 6 M or 10 " 7 M isoproterenol, 10 " 7 M phenylephrine raised GLP-1 release to 174 & 53 and 108 & 28 fmol/ 8 min respectively (vs 38 & 16 and 35 & 10 fmol/8 min for isoproterenol alone, P <0·05) whereas PYY secretion was not signiﬁcantly increased. Clonidine (10 " 7 M), an Æ 2-agonist, induced a moderate and delayed increase of GLP-1 and PYY but abolished the isoproterenol-induced peptide secretion. Our results showed that general stimulation of adrenergic receptors stimulates the secretory activity of ileal endocrine L cells. The net peptide secretion results from the activation of the (cid:226) 2-isoreceptor type. Additionally, GLP-1 and PYY secretions are positively modulated by Æ 1-receptor stimulation and inhibited by Æ 2-receptor activation upon (cid:226) -receptor occupation.
Structure and function insights garnered from in silico modeling of the thrombospondin type‐1 domain‐containing 7A antigen

The thrombospondin type‐1 domain containing 7A (THSD7A) protein is known to be one of the antigens responsible for the autoimmune disorder idiopathic membranous nephropathy. The structure of this antigen is currently unsolved experimentally. Here we present a homology model of the extracellular portion of the THSD7A antigen. The structure was evaluated for folding patterns, epitope site prediction, and function was predicted. Results show that this protein contains 21 extracellular domains and with the exception of the first two domains, has a regular repeating pattern of TSP‐1‐like followed by F‐spondin‐like domains. Our results indicate the presence of a novel Trp‐ladder sequence of WxxxxW in the TSP‐1‐like domains. Of the 21 domains, 18 were shown to have epitope binding sites as predicted by epitopia. Several of the F‐spondin‐like domains have insertions in the canonical TSP fold, most notably the coiled coil region in domain 4, which may be utilized in protein‐protein binding interactions, suggesting that this protein functions as a heparan sulfate binding site.
Personal Recommendation Using a Novel Collaborative Filtering Algorithm in Customer Relationship Management

With the rapid development of customer relationship management, more and more user recommendation technologies are used to enhance the customer satisfaction. Although there are many good recommendation algorithms, it is still a challenge to increase the accuracy and diversity of these algorithms to fulfill users’ preferences. In this paper, we construct a user recommendation model containing a new method to compute the similarities among users on bipartite networks. Different from other standard similarities, we consider the influence of each object node including popular degree, preference degree, and trust relationship. Substituting these new definitions of similarity for the standard cosine similarity, we propose a modified collaborative filtering algorithm based on multifactors (CF-M). Detailed experimental analysis on two benchmark datasets shows that the CF-M is of high accuracy and also generates more diversity.
Assessing the need for repeatability in acquisition of time-lapse data

The cost of repeating the seismic acquisition is very expensive, as often times, the receiver array has to be left at the same location over the period for which the data will be acquired. In other words, it is important to repeat the acquisition geometry as much as possible. In this talk, we investigate the results of changing the acquisition geometry, by a random placement of the receivers for both the baseline surveys and newer (monitor) surveys. Results show that we are still able to observe any time-lapse effects from the proposed acquisition geometry. Our experiments have been performed on a synthetic model.
Light dependence of phosphorus uptake by microorganisms in the subtropical North and South Pacific Ocean

Light and dark phosphate (PO4 3� ) uptake rates were investigated in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) and along a coastal to open ocean transect in the South Pacific Ocean. PO4 3� uptake rates were consistently higher when incubated in the light, but the ratio of uptake in the light and dark (L:D) decreased with depth. In the NPSG, the L:D ratio of euphotic-layer integrated PO4 3� uptake was 1.58 ± 0.08 (±SE, n = 15 profiles), and the average L:D ratio was 1.60 ± 0.45 (±SD, n = 42) between 5 and 45 m and 1.25 ± 0.70 (±SD, n = 28) between 150 and 175 m. The L:D ratio was higher for the pigmented plankton-enriched size fractions (0.6 to 2 µm and >2 µm), but results were difficult to interpret at the oligotrophic stations where non-pigmented and pigmented plankton cell sizes overlapped. Group-specific measurements obtained using flow cytometric cell sorting demonstrated that Prochlorococcus PO4 3� uptake rates were higher when the samples were incubated under ambient light. Adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) uptake by Prochlorococcus was also higher in the light for the uptake of both the terminal PO4 3� group ((γ- 33 P)ATP) and adenine moiety ((2,8- 3 H)ATP). This could be the result of secondary uptake of PO4 3� and/or adenine after ATP cleavage by non-pigmented picoplankton. There was no signifi- cant difference in P-assimilation by non-pigmented picoplankton between light and dark incu- bated samples. Light dependence of phytoplankton PO4 3� uptake could thus influence the func- tioning of the microbial loop and the flows of matter and energy in marine environments by creating temporal patterns of resource utilization.
Prevention and Management of Gastroesophageal Varices and Variceal Hemorrhage in Cirrhosis

Prevention and Management of Gastroesophageal Varices and Variceal Hemorrhage in Cirrhosis Guadalupe Garcia-Tsao, M.D.,1 Arun J. Sanyal, M.D.,2 Norman D. Grace, M.D., FACG,3 William D. Carey, M.D., MACG,4 the Practice Guidelines Committee of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and the Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology 1Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine and VA-CT Healthcare System, New Haven, Connecticut; 2Division of Gastroenterology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia; 3Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; 4The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
Phylogenetic signatures of facilitation and competition in successional communities

1. The balance between facilitation and competition through time is at the core of models for successional dynamics. However, since the 1980s, the studies of facilitation have shifted away from successional processes. In a return to the traditional roots of the study of facilitation, we assessed the phylogenetic signatures of competition and facilitation in Mediterranean successional communities and compared them with those recently quantified in non‐successional communities of the Mexican desert.
STANDARDIZATION OF PROTOCOL FOR AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION IN POTATO ( Solanum tuberosum L . )

The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Biotechnology, Biotechnology Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur1701 during July 2007 to June 2008. An efficient and reproducible protocol for the production of transgenic potato plants was developed by inoculating internode explants of potato with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 carrying a binary vector pBI121 having one reporter gene (gus) and selectable marker gene (nptII) resistant to Kanamycin. The transformation experiment was done by optimizing two important parameters names infection time and cocultivation period. Most of the explants produced shoots within 21 days on 5 mg/l Zeatin riboside (ZR) and 50 mg/l Kanamycin supplemented MS medium without introducing callus. The infected explants produced 8.27 and 6.42 shoots in Asterix and Diamant varieties, respectively within 21 days. Transgenes were confirmed by molecular analysis. DNA from well established rooted plants confirmed nptII positive through PCR analysis. The transformation rates were 28.97 and 24.37% in Asterix and Diamant, respectively. Putative transformed plants of Diamant and Asterix varieties produced roots in 1⁄2MS medium supplemented with 50/mg Cefotaxim, 50 mg/l Kanamycin and 0.5 mg/l IBA.