Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Modifying Spatial P A remark on Svenonius (2010)

Descriptions of spatial adpositions usually divide them into two classes based on their semantics: locative and directional. Generally, locative Ps (e.g., inside, between, beside, above) head PPs that describe static locations, while directional Ps (e.g., into, towards, from, across, through) head PPs that describe trajectories. English locative PPs, when used with manner-of-motion verbs, tend to be ambiguous between locative and directional meanings, which I refer to as located motion and directionalized locative readings, respectively. Similarly, directional PPs, when used with statives and imperfectives, are interpreted as locatives called G-locations (Svenonius 2010).
Adaptive Configuration and Coordination in a Network of Relief Centers

Establishing an efficient network of relief centers immediately after a disaster is critical to satisfy the needs of affected victims. We consider a network of relief centers that distribute multiple items to victims with varying needs. Relief agencies need to determine the number of relief centers that need to be setup, their size and capacity, and the allocation of items to each relief center. We use queuing models to evaluate the impact of these decisions on network performance and victim experience. We also study how these decisions need to evolve over time in order to respond to the dynamic needs of the victims.
A Numerical Approach to Solving an Inverse Heat Conduction Problem Using the Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm

This chapter is intended to provide a numerical algorithm involving the combined use of the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm and the Galerkin finite element method for estimating the diffusion coefficient in an inverse heat conduction problem (IHCP). In the present study, the functional form of the diffusion coefficient is an unknown priori. The unknown diffusion coefficient is approximated by the polynomial form and the present numerical algorithm is employed to find the solution. Numerical experiments are presented to show the efficiency of the proposed method.
Cardiorespiratory Responses of Postmenopausal Women to Different Water Exercises

The aim of the current study was to analyze and compare oxygen uptake (VO 2 ) and heart rate (HR) in different water exercises. Eight postmenopausal women participated in a set of 4 sessions in water. Eight different exercises were randomly coupled for the 4 sessions. Each exercise was executed at a rate of 60 beats/min for 4 min with rest intervals of 30 min. A repeated-measures ANOVA and Bonferroni’s post hoc test were used to test for statistical differences at α < . 05. Significant differences were seen in HR and VO 2 between some pairs of the 8 exercises. These results suggest that water-exercise classes should be prescribed based on percentages of maximal HR or VO 2 , not on a fixed cadence, because different exercises correspond to different percentages of maximal effort.
7B.2 MODEL SIMULATED CHANGES IN TC INTENSITY DUE TO GLOBAL WARMING

The impact of global warming on tropical cyclone (TC) maximum intensity has recently become a topic of frequent investigation. In the absence of external factors detrimental to TC intensification (e.g. vertical wind shear, dry air entrainment, upwelling, land interactions) the maximum intensity of a TC increases as the sea surface temperature (SST) increases. This relationship has been shown to exist utilizing observational data (e.g. DeMaria and Kaplan 1994) and also theory (e.g. Emanuel 1986; Emanuel 1988; Emanuel 1995). Therefore, it is logical that if SSTs over the climatologically favored regions where TCs exist were to increase due to global warming, TCs could become stronger.
NIR light activated hollow gold nanoshell structures based on layersome template

In biomedical applications, nanocarriers provide specific advantages such as delivery and sensing. These nanocarriers can be made from different sources including biopolymers and lipids. On the other hand, stimuli-responsive nanocarriers provide a safe method for drug delivery applications. These carriers use different triggers (including temperature) to release the drug. Light can be used as an external trigger to increase the temperature and finally releasing the drug. This thesis describes the development of functionalized liposomes via using different polyelectrolyte coatings to template the synthesis of light activated nanocarriers. In the first part, layer-by-layer coating of liposomes with strong biopolyelectrolytes was examined to have a better understanding of structure-property relationship of polyelectrolytes and layersome behaviors. The stability study of the structures in NaCl solutions with different concentrations demonstrate that the stability behavior depended on the outer layer coating. Samples with positive outer layer show more stability in salt solutions compared to the samples with negative outer layer. For the second part, nearinfrared (NIR) active gold nanostructures on hollow spherical soft templates were prepared by using wet chemistry method. Light scattering, spectroscopy and imaging techniques were used to examine morphology and NIR activity of hollow gold nanoshell structures based on layersome template. The results show by using layersome, small hollow gold nanoshell structures with NIR activity could be formed. All in all, these studies show a method to change the lipid ordering through coating process, alter the stability just by changing the outer layer of liposome and also an easy procedure to make a substrate for stimuli-responsive nanocarriers.
Cannabis and sleep: A complex and unfinished story

There are many strongly held beliefs in the community about cannabis and sleep. Early studies on the effects of cannabis use identified its potential to impact on the nature and quality of sleep.1-7 These studies showed that although the timing of different stages of sleep was typically interrupted, overall sleep time was not consistently affected. Unfortunately, the current understanding of how cannabis use affects sleep is clouded by the mixed findings of studies and the lack of statistical control for confounding factors. Notably, cannabis use has been described as alleviating sleep problems by “medicinal” users8-13 as well as contributing to problems in the community14-17 with long-term use being associated with increased sleep problems compared to no use.18-20 Moreover, experiencing sleep problems is common when abstaining from cannabis use.21-23 Unfortunately, research to develop a better understanding of the extent to which cannabis use is associated with changes to sleep architecture is rarely conducted. In addition, the proportion of cannabis users who experience problems sleeping, or who use to alleviate sleeping problems, has not been well described.
Microbial Ecology of Retail Ready-to-Eat Escarole and Red Chicory Sold in Palermo City, Italy

Background: Ready-To-Eat (RTE) foods include any edible food that is commonly consumed raw. This study aimed at evaluation of microbial ecology of retail RTE escarole and red chicory sold in Palermo city, Italy. Methods: A total of 32 mono-varietal RTE samples, including escarole (n=16) and red chicory (n=16) samples were obtained from Palermo, Italy. Both RTE vegetables at expiry date were analyzed to quantify spoilage bacteria, pathogenic bacteria, and yeast. All different colonies were isolated and identified on the basis of phenotypic characteristics and genetic polymorphisms by random amplification of polymorphic DNA-Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and further genotype by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. The statistical analysis was conducted with SAS 9.2 software (Statistical Analysis System Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Results: The level of Listeria monocytogenes and coagulase-positive staphylococci were below the detection. Total microbial counts were above 8 log10 colony forming unit/g in RTE red chicory, while they were about 1 log cycle lower in escarole. In general, escarole showed lower levels for all microbial groups than red chicory with the exception of the total yeast. A total of 13 strains were identified into ten species belonging to six genera as Bacillus, Erwinia, Pantoea, Pseudomonas, Microbacterium, and Rahnella. The most numerous identified genera were Pseudomonas and Pantoea. Conclusion: This work pointed out the relevance of implementing good hygiene practices during processing in order to prolong quality parameters and acceptability of mono-varietal salads.
A Survey on Psycho-Physiological Analysis & Measurement Methods in Multimodal Systems

Psycho-physiological analysis has gained greater attention in the last few decades in various fields including multimodal systems. Researchers use psychophysiological feedback devices such as skin conductance (SC), Electroencephalography (EEG) and Electrocardiography (ECG) to detect the affective states of the users during task performance. Psycho-physiological feedback has been successful in detection of the cognitive states of users in human-computer interaction (HCI). Recently, in game studies, psycho-physiological feedback has been used to capture the user experience and the effect of interaction on human psychology. This paper reviews several psycho-physiological, cognitive, and affective assessment studies and focuses on the use of psychophysiological signals in estimating the user’s cognitive and emotional states in multimodal systems. In this paper, we review the measurement techniques and methods that have been used to record psycho-physiological signals as well as the cognitive and emotional states in a variety of conditions. The aim of this review is to conduct a detailed study to identify, describe and analyze the key psycho-physiological parameters that relate to different mental and emotional states in order to provide an insight into key approaches. Furthermore, the advantages and limitations of these approaches are also highlighted in this paper. The findings state that the classification accuracy of >90% has been achieved in classifying emotions with EEG signals. A strong correlation between self-reported data, HCI experience, and psychophysiological data has been observed in a wide range of domains including games, human-robot interaction, mobile interaction, and simulations. An increase in β and γ -band activity have been observed in high intense games and simulations.
Enhanced sentence processing abilities among congenitally blind adults

1 Sensory loss, such as blindness, is associated with selective improvements in intact senses and 2 repurposing of deafferented “visual” cortex for non-visual functions. Areas within “visual” 3 cortex are active during language tasks and show sensitivity to grammar in congenitally blind 4 adults. Whether this plasticity confers a behavioral benefit is not known. Congenitally blind 5 (n=25) participants and sighted (n=52) controls answered yes/no who-did-what-to-whom 6 questions for auditorily-presented sentences, some of which contained a grammatical complexity 7 manipulation (either a long-distance movement dependency or a garden path). Short-term 8 memory span was measured with a forward and backward letter-span task. Participants also 9 performed a battery of control tasks, including two speeded math tasks and standardized 10 cognitive measures from the Woodcock Johnson III. Blind and sighted groups performed 11 similarly on control tasks. However, the blind group performed better on sentence 12 comprehension, particularly for garden-path sentences. Sentence-related improvement was 13 independent of enhancement in short-term memory as measured by span tasks. These results 14 suggest that habitual language processing in the absence of visual cues, together with availability 15 of “visual” cortex wetware enhances sentence processing. 16
Effect of bonding and post length to the dislodgement characteristics of fiber reinforced composite root canal post

Purpose: The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the forces needed to dislodge bonded and mechanically attached individually formed fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) posts from a simulated root canal. Materials and Methods: Two different groups of FRC posts were made. The first group simulated bonded individually formed FRC posts and the second group simulated mechanically attached individually formed FRC posts to a root canal. The fiber post material in both groups (everStick Post, GC Corporation) consisted of unidirectional E-glass fiber reinforcement in a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) polymer matrix. The fiber material was formed into posts (diameter of 1.5-1.6 mm) by rolling it between two microscope glasses and light-polymerizing it. Different post lengths were made. Artificial root canals were made by drilling holes in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) blocks. The final post lengths inside the blocks in both groups were: 2, 3, 4 and 6 mm (n= 6/length). FRC posts in the blocks were tested with a 2-point bending test where the load was applied 0.5 mm from the end of the post. Results: Both length and bonding had a significant effect on the dislodgement force (p < 0.001). The shortest posts differed statistically significantly from the other post lengths (p< 0.05). Greater force was needed to dislodge bonded FRC posts compared to not bonded FRC posts in every tested post length. The minimum post length inside the artificial root canal to achieve adequate mechanical retention, i.e. without bonding to simulated root was 3 mm. Conclusion: This study highlighted the importance of good bonding of FRC posts to root canal.
ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS AS A BASIS FOR DETERMINING STRATEGY OF COOPERATIVE UNITS IN AMBON CITY

Cooperation is either a grass-root economic movement or an entity having role in achievingprosperity society. Cooperation need to build itself and should be built to be self-reliantbased on its principles so that it will become national economic foundation. Therefore, cooperationis hoped to be a stable, democratic, autonomous, participative and social economicorganization. This research aimed at analyzing ability of internal factors (organization andinstitution, effort and business, service, member participation) or external factor (network) ofKUD in measuring performance level as well as determining strategy alternatives whichwere appropriate with performance level of KUD. This research used Cooperative CapacityAnalysis (CCA) with scoring technique and Basic Main Strategy Selection Matrix in choosingappropriate strategy for the KUD. Research showed that internal and external factor wereable to determine the level of performance of KUD and grouped in two groups namely Goodand Moderate. KUD classified as good was suggested to choose intensive strategy alternativeby focusing on Concentrated Growth, Product Development and Market Development.While KUD classified as moderate was suggested to choose defensive strategy alternative byfocusing on Goal Changing strategy.
The Risks of Ageism Model: How Ageism and Negative Attitudes toward Age Can Be a Barrier to Active Aging

The World Health Organization’s (WHO) active aging framework recognizes that age barriers and ageism need to be removed in order to increase potential for active aging. However, there has been little empirical analysis of ways in which ageism and attitudes toward age impact on active aging. This article sets out the Risks of Ageism Model (RAM) to show how ageism and attitudes toward age can impact the six proposed determinants of active aging via three pathways; (1) stereotype embodiment, the process through which stereotypes are internalized and become self-relevant, (2) stereotype threat, the perceived risk of conforming to negative stereotypes about one’s group, and (3) age discrimination, unfair treatment based on age. Active aging policies are likely to be more successful if they attend to these three pathways when challenging ageism and negative attitudes toward age.
Drift algae and small fish in coastal waters of northeastern New Zealand

Small fish associated with drift algae, and in open water adjacent to algae, were sampled off the northeastern coast of New Zealand (1981 to 1984). Estimates of the abundance of drift algae and rates of colonisation of fish to drift algae were also obtained. A number of species of fish were more abundant around drift algae than in open water (e.g. representatives of Monacanthidae, Ampidae, Emmelichthyidae, Syngnathidae, Clinidae, Tripterygiidae). Although some fish associated with algae were preflexion forms, most were postflexion or juvenile forms. Relationships between weight of drift algae and numbers of fish varied among times. Some small fish were abundant in surface waters and showed no association with drift algae (e.g. representatives of Tripterygiidae, Clupeidae, Engraulldidae, Pleuronectidae, Bothidae). Abundance of total drift algae at nearshore and offshore stations over a period of 2.5 yr was highly variable. Seasonal peaks in abundance of Sargassum sjnclaini were found from November to January and appeared to relate to the demography of this species. Most clumps of drift algae were < 100 g. A detailed examlnatlon of the abundance of algae nearshore showed that the input of drift algae to reef environments is extremely variable among times and may relate to detachment of algae from reefs and conditions that facilitate onshore movements of drift from coastal waters. Fish were quickly attracted to algae left to drift in coastal waters for under 8 h. Colonisation relationships and developmental forms of fish attracted to algae varied among species. Drifting algae is periodically abundant in coastal waters and has an important influence on the dstribution, and potentially the movements, of some presettlement fish.
PD-1 Antitumor Immunity against Murine H22 Hepatocarcinoma In vivo

Objective: To explore the role of PD-1 expression level on the growth of hepatocarcinoma line H22. Methods: Tumor-bearing mice model was established with H22 cells in ICR mice. The model mice were randomly divided into two groups, control group and PD-1 interference group (PD-1-siRNA). The control group was injected transfection reagent, wherase the PD-1-siRNA was given the transfection reagent with PD-1-siRNA. Observed the life condition and tumor growth of mice, measured and recorded the tumor volume. The mRNA expression levels of PD-L1, PD-L2, P53, caspase-3 and IL-6 in tumor tissue were detected by real time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR) technique. The expression of IFN-γ cytokines in spleen and tumor tissue was detected by ELISA. The ratio of Bax and Bcl-2 protein was detected by Western Blot to analyze the effect of PD-1-siRNA on tumor cell apoptosis. Results: Compared with control group, mice of PD-1-siRNA in better quality of life, survival time prolonged and the tumor volume of mouse was significantly reduced. The mRNA expression levels of PD-L1, PD-L2, P53 and caspase-3 were increased, others, IL-6 expression level was significantly decreased. The expression level of IFN-γ was up-regulated in spleen and tumor tissues. Western blot shown that the ratio of Bax and Bcl-2 was significantly increased. Conclusion: Interfere of PD-1 expression can effectively inhibit the growth of hepatocarcinoma cell H22 in mice.
Preparation and characterization of exfoliated nano-composite of polyvinyl acetate and montmorillonite

To improve the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), montmorillonite (MMT) was added in the synthesis of PVAc in conventional lab conditions. The final product was studied mainly by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), static tensile, and the rheology was also investigated by the power-law function equation and the Cross-Williamson model viscous equation. The exfoliated nano-composite of PVAc-MMT was obtained. Linear macromolecular chains of PVAc were formed in MMT layers. MMT was exfoliated into layers or sheets of nano-particles, and randomly dispersed in PVAc matrix. The particle diameter of MMT ranged from 50 to 100 nm, while PVAc’s ranged from 250 to 500 nm, the smaller MMT particles were adsorbed around the larger PVAc particles to form the “Strawberry” structure. In addition, PVAc and PVAc-MMT were pseudo-plastic Non-Newtonian fluids, they all possessed the normal stress effect (or Weissenberg effect), that was the pole-climbing phenomenon. Key words: Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), montmorillonite (MMT), chemical structure, dispersion, particles, rheology, static tensile.
Typhonium flagelliforme decreases tyrosine kinase and Ki67 expression in mice

Background Worldwide, breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women after lung cancer. Treatments include surgery, radiation, immunotherapy and chemotherapy, but are not effective. Tyrosine kinase and Ki67 protein are markers of proliferation. Typhonium flagelliforme ethanol extract (TFEE) has been shown to inhibit proliferation of Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF7) cells in culture. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of administration of TFEE on tyrosine kinase and Ki67 expression in mice. Methods This experimental study using post test randomized design with control group was conducted in 24 tumor-bearing CH3 mice. They were randomly divided into 4 groups, consisting of one control and 3 treatment groups (TI, T2, T3) treated daily for 30 days with 0.2 ml TFEE at dosages of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kgBW, respectively. On day 31 the tumor tissues were collected and their tyrosine kinase and Ki67 expression were levels assessed using ELISA and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. Tyrosine kinase and Ki67 expression levels were analyzed, respectively using Kruskal Wallis test and one-way Anova followed by Bonferroni post hoc test. Results Mean tyrosine kinase level was highest in the control group, followed by T3, T2 and T1 (p=0.019). Mean level of Ki 67 expression was highest in the control group, followed by T2, T3 and T1 (p=0.000). Conclussions Oral administration of TFEE at a dose of 200 mg/kgBW decreases tyrosine kinase levels and Ki 67 expression.
Agroinfection of Nicotiana spp. with cloned DNA of tomato golden mosaic virus

Summary Head-to-tail dimers of cloned DNA A and DNA B of tomato golden mosaic virus (TGMV) were integrated between the T-DNA border sequences of a broad host range binary vector and transferred into cells of Nicotiana benthamiana seedlings using an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated delivery system. Most of the inoculated plants developed golden-yellow mosaic and leaf curling symptoms typical of TGMV infection. Extracts of infected leaves were shown to contain both double-stranded and single-stranded TGMV DNA forms of genome length and the virus capsid polypeptide. Infection was also achieved by inoculating plants with mixtures of Agrobacterium strains containing dimers of DNA A or DNA B, with a strain containing a partial dimer of DNA A and a dimer of DNA B and with a strain containing a dimer of DNA B and a partial dimer of DNA A with a 603 bp deletion in the coat protein gene. In the latter case, mosaic symptoms were mild and leaves did not curl. Transgenic N. tabacum cv. Samsun plants containing head-to-tail dimers of DNA A (A2 plants) or DNA B (B2 plants) were produced by transformation with Ti plasmid vectors. A2 plants and B2 plants were agroinfected with dimeric DNA B and dimeric DNA A, respectively. In both cases, symptoms typical of TGMV infection were induced and viral single-stranded DNA of both components was detected in the systemically infected tissue.