Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
2012 Dahlberg Award Winner Dental morphological variation among six Pre-Hispanic South American populations with implications for the peopling of the New World

The analysis of the human dentition pro-vides important information on the origins and dispersals of the first American inhabitants. However, most of this work has focused on North America, whereas less research has been devoted to variation within Central and South America. This study examines the permanent dentitions of 340 individuals from six pre-Hispanic South American populations and places them in the broader context of the peopling of the New World. Non-metric dental data were collected using the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System (ASUDAS). Intra- and inter-regional comparisons were assessed using the Mean Measure of Divergence statistical program. All samples are characterized by relatively high frequencies of UM1 enamel extension and LM1 deflecting wrinkle and low frequencies of UM1 cusp 5 and LM2 Y-groove pattern. Although preliminary, results indicate that populations from Chile, Venezuela and Peru-Northern Coast are dentally similar and follow the Sinodont dental pattern. The Peru-Southern Highlands sample is the most divergent of the South American groups examined, showing the closest affinities with Sundadonts. Finally, no clear pattern was found for Bolivia and Peru-Amazonian Andes, as most of their trait frequencies fall within the range of overlap between Sinodont and Sundadont populations.
Bringing the Person Back In: Boundaries, Perceptions, and the Measurement of Racial Context

Place is sometimes vague or undefined in studies of context, and scholars use a range of Census units to measure “context. ” In this article, we borrow from Parsons and Shils to offer a conceptualization of context. This conceptualization, and a recognition of both Lippmann’s pseudoenvironments and the statistical Modifiable Areal Unit Problem, lead us to a new measurement strategy. We propose a map-based measure to capture how ordinary people use information about their environments to make decisions about politics. Respondents draw their contexts on maps—deciding the boundaries of their relevant environments—and describe their perceptions of the demographic make-up of these contexts. The evidence is clear: “pictures in our heads” do not resemble governmental administrative units in shape or content. By “bringing the person back in” to the measurement of context, we are able to marry psychological theories of information processing with sociological theories of racial threat.
The governance of regional networks in the process of European integration

The paper illustrates the model of territorial networks and it investigates the role of institutions in a bottom-up approach of economic and institutional integration aiming to tackle the negative impacts of the globalization process on the economic development. The first chapter illustrates in analytical terms the model of territorial networks and the multidimen-sional nature of the process of integration, in a regional and international setting and it contrasts it with the traditional neoclassical model of price competition and of aggregate efficiency. The second chapter illustrates the concept of organizational/institutional distance and it analyses the various forms of interregional interdependence between developed and less developed regions and it contrasts them with the neoclassical model of market integration and interregional competition. The third chapter investigates the impact of the European Union enlargement on a reform of the aims and instruments of EU regional policy and the characteristics of a regional policy appropriate to the aim of the integration of the new accessing countries in the European Union. Finally, the fourth chapter illustrates the role of institutions in the governance of the international economic relations and the lessons which may be derived from the process of European integration in order to tackle the impact of the globalization process on less developed countries. Key words: Globalization, European Integration, networks, distance, institutions Prof. Riccardo Cappellin
Curvature singularity and film-skating during drop impact

We study the influence of the surrounding gas in the dynamics of drop impact on a smooth surface. We use an axisymmetric model for which both the gas and the liquid are incompressible; lubrication regime applies for the gas film dynamics and the liquid viscosity is neglected. In the absence of surface tension a finite time singularity whose properties are analysed is formed and the liquid touches the solid on a circle. When surface tension is taken into account, a thin jet emerges from the zone of impact, skating above a thin gas layer. The thickness of the air film underneath this jet is always smaller than the mean free path in the gas suggesting that the liquid film eventually wets the surface. We finally suggest an aerodynamical instability mechanism for the splash.
Aplicação do algoritmo colônia de formigas na restauração de redes elétricas de distribuição

Os sistemas de distribuição são muito susceptíveis à ocorrência de faltas que, por muitas vezes, provocam interrupções permanentes no fornecimento de energia elétrica em parte do sistema. A restauração do sistema ocorre por meio de operações de chaveamento que definem uma nova configuração durante o restabelecimento de energia. Essa configuração deve ser determinada de modo que se tenha o menor número de cargas não atendidas, a fim de respeitar as restrições operacionais e topologia radial da rede. Diversas técnicas foram desenvolvidas para sanar o problema como subsídio ao operador do sistema, visto que a restauração é um procedimento complexo de decisão e controle o qual deve ser solucionado o mais breve possível. Este artigo apresenta um algoritmo baseado em otimização por colônia de formigas – Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), utilizado para restaurar redes elétricas de distribuição. O método implementado foi testado em sistemas de 16 e 33 barras encontrados na literatura. Os resultados obtidos são comparados a de outros autores.
Estrategias de diferenciación del vino tinto de calidad en Castilla-La Mancha (España)

Los vinos, en particular los vinos espanoles de calidad, tienen una dificil comercializacion en el mercado nacional debido tanto a la mayor presencia de los procedentes de otros paises, como a la creciente competencia entre las denominaciones de origen nacionales dentro de un entorno de disminucion del consumo. Entonces es importante conocer si el consumidor de vino de calidad muestra una especial predileccion por el elaborado en su region, y cual seria la oportunidad de mercado de un vino ecologico. Para responder estas dos cuestiones se realizaron 400 encuestas personales a consumidores de Castilla-La Mancha con el objetivo de descubrir sus preferencias. Los datos se analizaron mediante la tecnica de analisis conjunto. Los resultados muestran que solo 15.6% de los consumidores lo prefieren por su origen local o regional. Ademas, no hay una clara aceptacion por los consumidores de vinos ecologicos si el precio es superior a los elaborados convencionalmente.
EVE: AN AFFECT-SENSITIVE PEDAGOGICAL AGENT

Easy with Eve is an affect-sensitive tutoring system that features Eve, an animated pedagogical agent that adapts to student emotion based on the results of an observational study of human tutors. This paper presents the methodology and results of a study of the effectiveness of Eve, showing evidence that facial expression detection may have enhanced the effect of the presence of Eve on student motivation and beliefs about how much they were able to learn by interacting with the tutoring system, and suggesting areas of improvement to enhance the effectiveness of this system in business training and other context.
Investigating Kinesin-Like Protein Smy1P’S Function In Polarized Secretion

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae shows substantial polarity during its growth. Membranes and proteins are constantly transported to the growth sites, almost exclusively mediated by the Myosin motor Myo2p. Myo2p recognizes its cargos by interacting with different cargo-specific adaptors and its function also relies on other accessory proteins. Among them, the kinesin-like protein Smy1p was interesting due to its genetic interactions with sec2, sec4 and myo2 mutants. However, current models have problems reconciling all the previous findings. Whether Smy1p has a function in polarized secretion and how Smy1p exerts its function are largely unknown. To address these questions, different approaches were employed in this research. First, Smy1p localization was determined and I found it to rely on interactions with Myo2p. Further truncation analysis revealed a complicated localization and expression level regulation. Second, Smy1p protein depletion in myo2 conditional mutants was found to cause a massive secretion block and this method can be applied to other mutants like sec2-56, sec4-8 as well. Third, I identified over 30 smy1 mutants in different myo2 sensitized strains, studying of which will greatly increase our understanding of the mechanism underlying Smy1p’s function.
Chlorophyll signatures and nutrient cycles in the Mediterranean Sea: a model sensitivity study to nitrogen and phosphorus atmospheric inputs

Abstract. In this work, the relative importance of nitrogen and phosphorus, considered as external loads, on Mediterranean biogeochemical cycles is evaluated. Biomass concentrations are analysed considering the steady state response of the three-dimensional ECHYM model to three nitrogen and phosphorus atmospheric depositions, considered as continuous in time. After reaching stationary evolutions, chlorophyll surficial maps and vertical transects are compared with existing datasets, showing a good agreement at their large scale sampling. The distributions of nutrients within the biochemical compartments are analysed, highlighting, inside the Mediterranean oligotrophic environment, the role played by ultraplankton, the smaller phytoplankton compartment. For all the three different atmospheric loads, western primary production estimation is about twice than that in the eastern basin, while western secondary production is about three times the eastern one. This numerical exercise suggests that the Eastern Mediterranean, cycling at low nutrient sill, is eventually pushed toward an higher nutrient depletion, when loading new nitrogen and phosphorus.
An investigation on the role of institutions for income and growth models

This work evaluates the role of institutions on per capita income levels (cross-section) and growth models (panel data). The cross-section results suggest that there is some evidence regarding the role of institutions since all the estimated coefficients are positive and statistically significant but there is evidence of weak instruments. The results from the panel growth models suggest that there is scarce evidence for the role of institutions in fostering long-run growth. In one word, there is no indication of an empirical consensus to claim that institutions have a primary role, meaning that institutions cause growth and difference in income levels.
Temperature dependent transport characteristics of graphene/n-Si diodes

Realizing an optimal Schottky interface of graphene on Si is challenging, as the electrical transport strongly depends on the graphene quality and the fabrication processes. Such interfaces are of increasing research interest for integration in diverse electronic devices as they are thermally and chemically stable in all environments, unlike standard metal/semiconductor interfaces. We fabricate such interfaces with n-type Si at ambient conditions and find their electrical characteristics to be highly rectifying, with minimal reverse leakage current (<10−10 A) and rectification of more than 106. We extract Schottky barrier height of 0.69 eV for the exfoliated graphene and 0.83 eV for the CVD graphene devices at room temperature. The temperature dependent electrical characteristics suggest the influence of inhomogeneities at the graphene/n-Si interface. A quantitative analysis of the inhomogeneity in Schottky barrier heights is presented using the potential fluctuation model proposed by Werner and Guttler.
The BV-algebra of a Jacobi manifold

We show that the Gerstenhaber algebra of the 1-jet Lie algebroid of a Jacobi manifold has a canonical exact generator, and discuss duality between its homology and the Lie algebroid cohomology. We also give new examples of Lie bialgebroids over Poisson manifolds.
A scanning electron microscope study of post-depositional changes in the northeast Niğde ignimbrites, South Central Anatolia, Turkey

Abstract The ignimbrites of the northeast Niğde area, which are subdivided into the Lower, Middle and Upper ignimbrites on the basis of their compositional and stratigraphical characteristics, display textural variations from the base to the top. A large proportion of these ignimbrites have been altered and recrystallized by the processes of compaction, welding and devitrification, and as a result of volatile movement. The alteration and recrystallization processes include four stages: hydration, glassy and spherulitic stages accompanied by vapour-phase crystallisation. In the early phases of devitrification, detailed shard shapes are easily recognisable with the scanning electron microscope, but as alteration proceeds clarity of detail disappears because compaction results in collapse of the structure of the rock. Spherulitic and vapour-phase crystallisation usually involves the growth of alkali feldspar and cristobalite. These later stages are more common in the Upper Ignimbrite than the Middle and Lower ignimbrites.
Ethical Consequences: Treatment of Stakeholders in Capitalistic Approach and Cooperative Approach to Business

The study illustrates an interpretive glimpse on ethical concern in business corporations. The challenge towards Capitalistic approach to business has given birth to model called Cooperative approach to business. It has been deeply studied and analysed that both entities incur ethical dilemmas due to their nature of business operations. This paper intends to compare capitalistic approach to business (Microsoft Corporation) with Cooperative approach to business (Mondragon Corporation) to identify the ethical consequences that arise from how each entity treats various stakeholders. In recent chaotic business environment, surprisingly, a massive portion of students and many other target audiences in relation with business studies have been lacking the comparative awareness related to ethical consequences in a business that concerning individual profit maximization and a business that concerning social responsibilities across the borderline. This paper flashed characteristics of both approaches so that it can be addressed easily. Keywords: Business Ethics, Capitalistic Corporation, Cooperative Corporation, Ethical Dilemma, MCC.
Evaluation of Ayurvedic compound formulations 2- Palas’abijadi Cũrna

Quality assurance is an integral part of all systems of medicine to ensure quality medicament. Thus, there is an urgent need to evaluate such parameters which can be adopted by the pharmaceutical industries. In the communication, attempts have been made to evaluate Palas’abijadi Cũrna, an Ayurvedic compound formulation. Four samples procured from different manufacturers were subjected to physicochemical analysis, HPTLC fingerprinting, and botanical characterization, and compared using authentic ingredients as reference. It was observed that the microscopic and chromatographic analyses compliment each other in their findings, and can be used effectively for the identification of raw materials in the compound formulation (s).
A spin-optoelectronic detector for the simultaneous measurement of the degree of circular polarization and intensity of a laser beam

Simultaneous measurement of the degree of circular polarization and intensity of a laser beam is essential in advanced photonic applications. However, it is not feasible with conventional helicity dependent detectors where an additional detector is needed to measure the intensity. Here, we report the development of a spin-optoelectronic detector that can measure the degree of circular polarization and the intensity of a laser beam simultaneously. The principle of operation of device is based on the two independent fundamental phenomena occurring in Au/InP hybrid structures, namely, Inverse Spin Hall Effect (ISHE) and the Photo-Voltaic (PV) Effect. The magnitude of ISHE and PV signals is simultaneously measured across the two pairs of contacts that are made on the top of device. No cross talk is observed between the two detectors made on the same chip. The all-electronic compact device is fast, operates at room temperature, and opens up the possibility of many applications in an integrated optoelectronic platform.
Finite Difference Modelling Analysis, Dispersion And Stability

Fourier analysis is used to present conclusions about stability and dispersion in finite-difference modelling. The most elementary finite-difference model is presented, one dimension in space with second-order differencing in space and time. For this one spatial dimension case, formulae are derived to correct for the dispersion and instability caused by finite grid sampling. The conclusions drawn are compatible with other discussions of stability in one dimension, but an increased understanding of the mechanisms for instability is obtained.
Sleep disordered breathing in community psychiatric patients

Background and Objectives: Sleep disturbance is prominent in many neuropsychiatric disorders and may precipitate or exacerbate a range of psychiatric conditions. Few studies have investigated sleep disordered breathing and in particular obstructive sleep apnoea in community psychiatric patients and the commonly used screening instruments have not been evaluated in patients with psychiatric disorders. The objective is to evaluate the prevalence of sleep disordered breathing in a community cohort with chronic mental illness on long term psychotropic medication, and to assess the effectiveness of commonly used screening instruments to detect abnormal sleep. Methods: 52 patients completed sleep questionnaires and 50 undertook overnight oximetry. Results: 52% (n = 26) had sleep-disordered breathing; 20% (n = 10) had moderate/severe sleep apnoea. The Epworth Sleepiness Score and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory did not predict sleep disordered breathing. Conclusions: Patients with psychiatric disorders in the community have a high rate of undiagnosed sleep disordered breathing, which is not reliably detected by established sleep disorder screening questionnaires. Received: 5 May 2011 Accepted: 28 November 2011 SLEEP DISORDERED BREATHING IN COMMUNITY PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS 87
Transversal matroids and Hall’s theorem

Transversal matroids, not necessarily having finite character, are investigated. It is demonstrated that if %(I) = (Ail i € / ) is an arbitrary family of subsets of an arbitrary set E whose transversal matroid has at least one basis and has no coloops, then %{I) has a transversal; in fact, each basis is a transversal of %(I) but of no proper subfamily of 21(7). P. Hall's theorem on the existence of a transversal for a finite family, and indeed an extension of it, can be obtained from this result. Some necessary conditions for a matroid to be a transversal matroid are derived. One of these is that a transversal ( v \ , ) /b-flats having no k) coloops (1 ^ k 5Ξ r).
Microwave Limb Sounder observations of biomass-burning products from the Australian bush fires of February 2009

The large bush fires which occurred in southeast Australia in February 2009 were unusually destructive. How- ever, they were also unusual in the amounts of various com- bustion products which were injected directly into the strato- sphere. We report the observations by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) instrument on the Aura satellite of some of these combustion products. The highest quality observations are of CO; these clearly show a large region of enhanced mixing ratios to the north of New Zealand which remains in that region for about ten days before drifting westwards and finally dissipating over the Atlantic about a month af- ter the fire. The region of enhanced CO ascends from the tropopause to 46 hPa during this period. Back trajectories run from the points where MLS observes enhanced CO pass close to the site of the fire. The MLS observations of CH 3CN and HCN resemble those of CO except for their poorer ver- tical resolution and more limited vertical range. An apparent enhancement in ClO is also observed by MLS, but detailed analysis of the measured radiances reveals this feature to be a signature of CH3OH, which is not currently retrieved by the MLS data processing system. The fires of February 2009 are the only event of this type and magnitude in the 7-yr MLS record.
Do defaults matter? Willingness to pay to avoid GM food vis-à-vis organic and conventional food in Denmark, Great Britain and Spain

The introduction and communication of new technologies in the food industries has given rise in the past to some scientific uncertainty that hampers informed choice. Here we draw upon the case of Genetically Modified (GM) technology and, in particular, on different types of GM food, to investigate consumers’ behavioural reactions to GM food as well as their willingness to pay for avoiding GM food in three EU countries, Denmark, GB and Spain in 2007. Our unique contribution lies in that our empirical analysis concerns two food products containing different characteristics. In particular, we compare consumers’ reactions to cornflakes (to represent a processed food) and tomatoes (to represent a 'fresh' food) juxtaposed with GM and conventionally produced food. Our results reveal that, although GM food is the least preferred production process (vis-a-vis organic or conventional food), consumers can be divided into two groups depending on their preferences for organic food. Namely, a first group is made up of GB and Spain where consumers are willing to pay a small, or modest, premium over the respective market average price, and a second group is that of Denmark where consumers’ willingness to pay is significantly larger. Although risk is an influential characteristic, risk rankings indicate that GM food is perceived as less risky than irradiation, artificial growth hormones in food or pesticides used in the production process.
The multiple-mean-reversion jump-diffusion model for Nordic electricity spot prices

Electricity spot market prices are notoriously difficult to model, let alone predict, because of their extreme volatility. Such volatility is reflected in so-called price spikes that may increase the spot price by an order of magnitude as a matter of hours. Spot market price series are also subject to many other types of phenomena, such as periodicities at different scales, and to mean reversion. We introduce a model for electricity spot market prices that includes both spikes and mean reversion. The model is based on a jump diffusion process that is superimposed on a mean reverting Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model. Mean reversion takes place at several different time and price scales, so as to reproduce the observed behavior of spot market prices correctly. The parameters of the model are calibrated with the Nord Pool spot market hourly price series using a maximum likelihood approach. The simulated price series thus obtained very closely follows the statistical characteristics of the real price series.