Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association between maternal mood and oxytocin response to breastfeeding.

BACKGROUND Postpartum depression is associated with reduced breastfeeding duration. We previously hypothesized that shared neuroendocrine mechanisms underlie this association. We sought to measure the association between maternal mood and neuroendocrine response to breastfeeding. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal cohort study of women recruited during pregnancy who intended to breastfeed. Baseline depression and anxiety history were assessed with a structured clinical interview. We measured mood symptoms using validated psychometric instruments, and we quantified affect and neuroendocrine responses to breastfeeding during laboratory visits at 2 and 8 weeks postpartum. RESULTS We recruited 52 women who intended to breastfeed, among whom 47 completed 8-week follow-up. Duration and intensity of breastfeeding through 8 weeks were similar among mothers with lower versus higher anxiety and depression scores. In the third trimester, oxytocin was inversely correlated with Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score (p=0.03). We did not find differences in neuroendocrine profile during breastfeeding at 2 weeks postpartum. Among the 39 women who breastfed at 8 weeks postpartum, oxytocin area under the curve during breastfeeding was inversely correlated with maternal EPDS and STAI-State and STAI-Trait anxiety scores (all p≤0.01). Higher anxiety and depression scores was further associated with lower oxytocin (group p<0.05) during feeding. During feeding at both visits, higher anxiety and depression scores were also associated with more negative affect: mothers reported feeling less happy and more depressed, overwhelmed, and stressed during feeding than women with lower scores. CONCLUSION Symptoms of depression and anxiety were associated with differences in oxytocin response and affect during breastfeeding.
A controlled clinical trial of the addition of transdermal scopolamine to a standard metoclopramide and dexamethasone antiemetic regimen.

A randomized prospective clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the potential utility of adding transdermal scopolamine to a standard regimen of metoclopramide and dexamethasone for the prevention of cisplatin-induced emesis. Thirty-one patients who were about to receive their first cycle of chemotherapy, using a combination regimen including cisplatin at a dose greater than or equal to 60 mg/m2 were randomized to receive an antiemetic regimen of either metoclopramide and dexamethasone alone, or these two drugs plus transdermal scopolamine patches. The mean number of episodes of emesis was . 63 +/- 1.31 in the 16 scopolamine-treated patients, and 2.27 +/- 2.66 in the 15 patients who did not receive scopolamine (P less than .01). The scopolamine appeared to inhibit extrapyramidal reactions to the metoclopramide, but the number of cases was too small for statistical significance. We conclude that the addition of transdermal scopolamine to a standard metoclopramide and dexamethasone antiemetic regimen provides additive benefit in the control of cisplatin-induced emesis.
EXPERIMENTAL INTRACEREBRAL HAEMATOMA IN THE RAT: SEQUENTIAL LIGHT MICROSCOPICAL CHANGES

In a small animal model of controlled intracerebral haemorrhage, changes within the haematoma and surrounding tissues were examined by light microscopy in toluidine blue stained semithin sections. Groups of animals were killed at 2, 6, 15, 24 and 48 hours, 2, 4, 8 and 14 days, and 3 months survival. Sequential changes in neurons, glia and leucocytes, together with the gradual absorption of the blood clot and its replacement by an astrocytic scar are described.
Notching Up Vascular Inflammation.

Notch signaling is a major cell–cell communication pathway regulating cell fate decisions during embryonic development of multicellular organisms.1 A classical function of the Notch pathway is to coordinate the spatial organization of tip and stalk endothelial cells (EC) during sprouting angiogenesis.2 This process is executed by the ligands Dll4 (delta-like canonical Notch ligand 4) and Jag1 (jagged 1) which signal through Notch 1 and 4 leading to the activation of the DNA-binding transcription factor RBP-Jκ (recombination signal-binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J region). More recently, Notch signaling has been shown to regulate various physiological processes in adult EC including inflammation. However, the relationship between Notch signaling and inflammation is complex, and both pro- and anti-inflammatory roles have been attributed to the Notch pathway depending on context. For example, endothelial Notch1 was shown to reduce inflammation and atherosclerotic plaque development in mice with destabilized low-density lipoprotein receptors,3 whereas endothelial RBP-Jκ enhanced atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout mice.4 These seemingly discrepant data may be attributed to different functions of Notch1 and RBP-Jκ in EC, or to the different models of atherogenesis used. …
Revenue Decentralization, Central Oversight and the Political Budget Cycle: Evidence from Israel

This paper examines whether revenue decentralization and direct external financial supervision affect the incidence and strength of political budget cycles, using a panel of Israeli municipalities during the period 1999–2009. We find that high dependence on central government transfers – as reflected in a low share of locally raised revenues in the municipality's budget – exacerbates political budget cycles, while tight monitoring – exercised through central government appointment of external accountants to debt accumulating municipalities – eliminates them. We also find that this pattern is predominantly accounted for by development expenditures. These results suggest that political budget cycles can result from fiscal institutions that create soft budget constraints: that is, where incumbents and rational voters can expect that the costs of pre-election expansions will be partly covered later by the central government.
Modeling Perceivers Neural-Responses Using Lobe-Dependent Convolutional Neural Network to Improve Speech Emotion Recognition

Developing automatic emotion recognition by modeling expressive behaviors is becoming crucial in enabling the next generation design of human-machine interface. Also, with the availability of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), researchers have also conducted studies into quantitative understanding of vocal emotion perception mechanism. In this work, our aim is two folds: 1) investigating whether the neuralresponses can be used to automatically decode the emotion labels of vocal stimuli, and 2) combining acoustic and fMRI features to improve the speech emotion recognition accuracies. We introduce a novel framework of lobe-dependent convolutional neural network (LD-CNN) to provide better modeling of perceivers neural-responses on vocal emotion. Furthermore, by fusing LD-CNN with acoustic features, we demonstrate an overall 63.17% accuracies in a four-class emotion recognition task (9.89% and 14.42% relative improvement compared to the acoustic-only and the fMRI-only features). Our analysis further shows that temporal lobe possess the most information in decoding emotion labels; the fMRI and the acoustic information are complementary to each other, where neural-responses and acoustic features are better at discriminating along the valence and activation dimensions, respectively.
2014 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society.

Jeffrey L. Anderson, MD, FACC, FAHA, Chair Jonathan L. Halperin, MD, FACC, FAHA, Chair-Elect Nancy M. Albert, PhD, RN, FAHA Biykem Bozkurt, MD, PhD, FACC, FAHA Ralph G. Brindis, MD, MPH, MACC Mark A. Creager, MD, FACC, FAHA[#][1] Lesley H. Curtis, PhD, FAHA David DeMets, PhD[#][1] Robert A
Divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) contributes to neurodegeneration in animal models of Parkinson's disease

Dopaminergic cell death in the substantia nigra (SN) is central to Parkinson's disease (PD), but the neurodegenerative mechanisms have not been completely elucidated. Iron accumulation in dopaminergic and glial cells in the SN of PD patients may contribute to the generation of oxidative stress, protein aggregation, and neuronal death. The mechanisms involved in iron accumulation also remain unclear. Here, we describe an increase in the expression of an isoform of the divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1/Nramp2/Slc11a2) in the SN of PD patients. Using the PD animal model of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) intoxication in mice, we showed that DMT1 expression increases in the ventral mesencephalon of intoxicated animals, concomitant with iron accumulation, oxidative stress, and dopaminergic cell loss. In addition, we report that a mutation in DMT1 that impairs iron transport protects rodents against parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxins MPTP and 6-hydroxydopamine. This study supports a critical role for DMT1 in iron-mediated neurodegeneration in PD.
Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and fluorouracil (CMF) versus hormonal ablation with leuprorelin acetate as adjuvant treatment of node-positive, premenopausal breast cancer patients: preliminary results of the TABLE-study (Takeda Adjuvant Breast cancer study with Leuprorelin Acetate).

PURPOSE The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of leuprorelin acetate in adjuvant treatment in comparison to standard chemotherapy with CMF in premenopausal, estrogen-receptor-positive or unknown, node-positive patients with early breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS The patients were randomly assigned to receive either 2 years of hormone ablation with leuprorelin acetate 11.25 mg as a subcutaneous injection every three months or six courses of CMF (cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2, methotrexate 40 mg/m2, fluorouracil 600 mg/m2, days 1 and 8, q 4 weeks). The primary study end-point was recurrence-free survival (RFS) after 2 years. Secondary end-points included overall survival, adverse events and hormonal suppression. RESULTS Between 1995 and 1999, a total of 589 patients with breast cancer were randomized to treatment with leuprorelin acetate or CMF. The data of 227 patients were available for this first interim analysis. One hundred and ten and 117 patients were assigned to leuprorelin acetate and chemotherapy, respectively. Both treatment arms were well balanced for baseline characteristics. So far, no difference between the groups has emerged with respect to recurrence-free or overall survivaL Suppression of serum estradiol levels and menstruation was less marked in the CMF-group compared to the leuprorelin arm. The most common adverse events were low-grade hot flushes, weight gain and increased sweating in the leuprorelin-treated patients and alopecia, nausea and vomiting in the CMF-group. CONCLUSION According to these preliminary results, ovarian suppression with leuprorelin acetate was as effective as standard chemotherapy for premenopausal women with hormone-sensitive, node-positive early breast cancer.
Pharmacotherapeutic agents in the treatment of methamphetamine dependence

ABSTRACT Introduction: Methamphetamine use is a serious public health concern in many countries and is second to cannabis as the most widely abused illicit drug in the world. Effective management for methamphetamine dependence remains elusive and the large majority of methamphetamine users relapse following treatment. Areas covered: Progression in the understanding of the pharmacological basis of methamphetamine use has provided us with innovative opportunities to develop agents to treat dependence. The current review summarizes relevant literature on the neurobiological and clinical correlates associated with methamphetamine use. We then outline agents that have been explored for potential treatments in preclinical studies, human laboratory phase I and phase II trials over the last ten years. Expert opinion: No agent has demonstrated a broad and strong effect in achieving MA abstinence in Phase II trials. Agents with novel therapeutic targets appear promising. Advancement in MA treatment, including translation into practice, faces several clinical challenges.
Milk Consumption and Bladder Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis of Published Epidemiological Studies

Studies investigating the association of milk consumption with bladder cancer risk have reported inconsistent findings. We conducted a meta-analysis of published cohort and case-control studies to pool the risk estimates of the association between milk intake and bladder cancer. We quantified associations with bladder cancer using meta-analysis of odds ratio (OR) associated with the highest vs. the lowest category of milk intake using fixed- or random-effect models depending on the heterogeneity of effects among studies. Nineteen cohort and case-control studies were eligible for inclusion. High milk intake was significantly associated with decreased risk of bladder cancer (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.71–0.97) when comparing the highest with the lowest category of milk intake. The inverse association was stronger in Asia (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.40–0.81) than North America (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.76–1.03), and no association was observed in Europe (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.85–1.26). This relationship also varied significantly by specific dairy products. Our results suggest that milk may be related to the reduction of bladder cancer risk. Further studies need to clarify the biological mechanisms.
Resistance mechanisms following cisplatin and oxaliplatin treatment of the human teratocarcinoma cell line 2102EP.

BACKGROUND Oxaliplatin and cisplatin are widely used in cancer chemotherapy, however, their clinical efficiency is often limited by the development of resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined different mechanisms of resistance in the human teratocarcinoma cell line 2102EP following exposure to cisplatin or oxaliplatin. Cells were exposed ten times with IC90-doses of 30 microM cisplatin and 50 microM oxaliplatin, respectively. Different cell clones were tested for expression of resistance using the SRB-assay. Moreover, resistance mechanisms in terms of drug uptake, platinum-adduct formation, GSH metabolism, DNA mismatch repair and p53 protein function were investigated. RESULTS Three cisplatin cell clones with significant resistance factors of 2.0 to 2.6 were found. Two oxaliplatin cell clones showed only weak resistance, with resistance factors of 1.6 and 1.7, respectively. In all three cisplatin-exposed cell clones a decreased cellular uptake of cisplatin was found. Furthermore, mechanisms of DNA damage tolerance may also play a role in the development of cisplatin-resistance in these cells. However, only two cell clones showed a decreased level of platinum-DNA-adducts. An increased DNA-repair of platinum-DNA adducts was not seen. In addition, no differences in expression of mismatch-repair proteins MSH2 and MLH1, tumor suppressor protein p53, or glutathione metabolism were found. However, significant resistance mechanisms for the observed oxaliplatin resistance could not be identified, although in one oxaliplatin-exposed cell clone, there was some evidence that a decreased cellular uptake of oxaliplatin may contribute to the observed low level resistance. CONCLUSIONS The data add weight to the hypothesis that resistance mechanisms following oxaliplatin exposure may be similar to cisplatin. The precise mechanisms of resistance in the oxaliplatin-resistant cell clones are still not fully understood and current studies are underway to further eluciate this finding.
Next-Generation Sequencing: Targeting Targeted Therapies

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has given new perspective in oncology. With the ongoing development of targeted therapies, NGS is evolving molecular diagnostics by providing comprehensive interrogation of clinically actionable genomic aberrations in tumors. Having this assay as the primary testing method produces clinically beneficial results. Clin Cancer Res; 21(16); 3584–5. ©2015 AACR. See related article by Drilon et al., p. 3631
On the site and mechanism of mercury vapor resorption in the lung. A study in the guinea pig using mercuric nitrate Hg 203.

The percentage of whole-body mercury found in the lungs of guinea pigs exposed to mercury vapor for ten minutes was in the same range as after one hour’s exposure (25% to 33%). The highest concentrations of mercury were found in peripheral lung structures. The same distribution was found at different concentrations of mercury in the air. Only one tenth of the values were found in corresponding structures of animals injected with mercuric nitrate. Most of the mercury deposited in alveolar tissues is therefore probably deposited there directly from the air. The results are considered to indicate the following: that mercury vapor penetrates to the alveoli; that most of it is quickly transferred to the blood; and that a small fraction is deposited in the pulmonary tissues, from where it is slowly eliminated to the rest of the body.
Coding of Markov dynamics for multiscale community detection in complex networks

The detection of community structure in complex networks is intimately related to the problem of finding a concise description of the network in terms of its modules. This notion has been recently exploited by the Map equation formalism (M. Rosvall and C. T. Bergstrom, PNAS, vol. 105, no. 4, pp. 1118–1123, 2008) through an information-theoretic characterization of the process of coding the transitions of a random walker inside and between communities at stationarity. However, a thorough consideration of the relationship between a time-evolving Markov dynamics and the coding mechanism is still lacking. We show that the original one-step coding scheme used by the Map equation method neglects the internal structure of the communities and introduces an upper scale, the ’field-of-view’ limit, for the communities that it can detect. Although the Map equation method is known for its good performance on clique-like graphs, the field-of-view limit can result in undesirable overpartitioning when communities are far from clique-like. We show that a signature of this behavior is a large compression gap: a large deviation of the Map compression from the ideal limit, the entropy rate of the Markov process. To address this issue, we propose a simple dynamic approach that introduces time explicitly into the Map coding procedure through the analysis of the time-evolving multistep transition matrix of the Markov process. The so-induced dynamical zooming across scales can reveal (potentially multiscale) community structure above the field-ofview limit with the relevant partitions indicated by a small compression gap. Finally, we discuss how the interplay between coding and dynamics could be further developed to improve the detection of community structure in networks.
Impact of Scaling on Neutron-Induced Soft Error in SRAMs From a 250 nm to a 22 nm Design Rule

Trends in terrestrial neutron-induced soft-error in SRAMs from a 250 nm to a 22 nm process are reviewed and predicted using the Monte-Carlo simulator CORIMS, which is validated to have less than 20% variations from experimental soft-error data on 180-130 nm SRAMs in a wide variety of neutron fields like field tests at low and high altitudes and accelerator tests in LANSCE, TSL, and CYRIC. The following results are obtained: 1) Soft-error rates per device in SRAMs will increase x6-7 from 130 nm to 22 nm process; 2) As SRAM is scaled down to a smaller size, soft-error rate is dominated more significantly by low-energy neutrons (<; 10 MeV); and 3) The area affected by one nuclear reaction spreads over 1 M bits and bit multiplicity of multi-cell upset become as high as 100 bits and more.
Clinical Decision Support Tools: The Evolution of a Revolution

Dashboard systems for clinical decision support integrate data from multiple sources. These systems, the newest in a long line of dose calculators and other decision support tools, utilize Bayesian approaches to fully individualize dosing using information gathered through therapeutic drug monitoring. In the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease patients with infliximab, dashboards may reduce therapeutic failures and treatment costs. The history and future development of modern Bayesian dashboard systems is described.
Alendronate Inhibits Bone Resorption at the Bone-screw Interface

In the current study, we investigated whether the systemic administration of alendronate, a third-generation bisphosphonate, suppressed the loosening of screws at the bone-screw interface. We systemically administered alendronate to rats fitted with external fixators. External fixators with two half pins were applied to the right femurs of rats, and alendronate was administrated once a week during a 5-week postoperative period. Radiographic, histologic, and immunohistochemical findings subsequently were analyzed. Treatment with alendronate reduced the width of the fibrous loosening membrane and the number of osteoclasts at the bone-screw interface. These findings indicate that systemic treatment with alendronate exerts an inhibitory effect on local bone resorption at the bone-screw interface.
Cloning and temperature-dependent expression in Escherichia coli of a Legionella pneumophila gene coding for a genus-common 60-kilodalton antigen

All Legionella species express a 60-kilodalton (kDa) protein which contains a genus-specific epitope recognized by murine monoclonal antibody GW2X4B8B2H6. A genomic cosmid library of Legionella pneumophila chromosomal DNA was constructed in pHC79 and screened for 60-kDa antigen-expressing clones with the monoclonal antibody. A 3.2-kilobase EcoRI fragment from cosmid 14B11 expressing a 60-kDa protein was subcloned into pUC19 (pSH16), and deletion of a 1.2-kilobase HindIII fragment (pSH16A) generated a 33-kDa truncated polypeptide no longer reactive with the monoclonal antibody. Southern blot analysis of chromosomal DNA from selected Legionella species restricted with EcoRI and probed with the 1.2-kilobase fragment coding for the carboxyl region of the protein revealed DNA homology which was not observed with DNA from Escherichia coli. Maxicell analysis of pSH16 identified a second polypeptide of approximately 15 kDa expressed from a gene (htpA) upstream of the gene coding the 60-kDa protein (htpB). Both proteins were preferentially synthesized by L. pneumophila following heat shock (temperature shift from 25 to 42 degrees C), and under steady-state growth conditions the relative level of 60-kDa protein was unaffected by temperature. In E. coli, expression of a 60-kDa protein from pSH16 also increased following heat shock (25 to 42 degrees C), but under steady-state conditions expression was temperature dependent. Temperature-dependent expression from pSH16 was not observed in an rpoH (htpR) mutant strain of E. coli. The Legionella 60-kDa protein appears to be a heat shock protein which shares cross-reactive epitopes with the GroEL homolog of E. coli. In addition, a region of htpB encoding the 27-kDa carboxyl portion of the protein containing the monoclonal antibody-reactive epitope also contains DNA sequences unique to and conserved within the genus.