Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
LLC-PK1 Cell Growth Is Repressed by WT1 Inhibition of G-protein αi−2 Protooncogene Transcription (*)

The temporal expression of the early growth response gene (EGR-1) is one molecular mechanism for both maximal activation of the Gαi−2 gene and accelerated growth in mitotically active predifferentiated LLC-PK1 renal cells. These events are dependent on an enhancer area in the 5′-flanking region of the Gαi−2 gene that contains an EGR-1 motif (5′-CGCCCCCGC-3′). However, acquisition of the polarized phenotype in LLC-PK1 cells is accompanied by loss of EGR-1 expression and occupancy of the EGR-1 site by nuclear binding proteins other than EGR-1. We now demonstrate that one of these binding proteins is the Wilms' tumor suppressor (WT1). Furthermore, the temporal expression of WT1 in LLC-PK1 cells acquiring the polarized phenotype represses both Gαi−2 gene activation and growth in these cells. These findings suggest the existence of differentiation-induced pathways in LLC-PK1 cells that alternatively abrogrates EGR-1 and promotes WT1 gene expression, thereby modulating a target protooncogene Gαi−2 that is participatory for growth and differentiation in renal cells. These studies emphasize the usefulness of the LLC-PK1 renal cell as a model to elucidate normal programs of genetic differentiation in which WT1 participates.
Review article: A systematic review of emergency department incident classification frameworks

As in any part of the hospital system, safety incidents can occur in the ED. These incidents arguably have a distinct character, as the ED involves unscheduled flows of urgent patients who require disparate services. To aid understanding of safety issues and support risk management of the ED, a comparison of published ED specific incident classification frameworks was performed. A review of emergency medicine, health management and general medical publications, using Ovid SP to interrogate Medline (1976–2016) was undertaken to identify any type of taxonomy or classification‐like framework for ED related incidents. These frameworks were then analysed and compared. The review identified 17 publications containing an incident classification framework. Comparison of factors and themes making up the classification constituent elements revealed some commonality, but no overall consistency, nor evolution towards an ideal framework. Inconsistency arises from differences in the evidential basis and design methodology of classifications, with design itself being an inherently subjective process. It was not possible to identify an ‘ideal’ incident classification framework for ED risk management, and there is significant variation in the selection of categories used by frameworks. The variation in classification could risk an unbalanced emphasis in findings through application of a particular framework. Design of an ED specific, ideal incident classification framework should be informed by a much wider range of theories of how organisations and systems work, in addition to clinical and human factors.
Sex Determination According to the Lengths of Hand Bones in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca Mulatta)

Measurement of hand bone length has been used for sex determination in humans and nonhuman primates (McFadden and Bracht: Early Hum Dev 85 (2009) 117–124; El‐Morsi and Al‐Hawary: J Forensic Leg Med 20 (2013) 6–13). The aim of this study was to determine the sex of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) on the basis of the lengths of corresponding rows of metacarpals and phalanges in a macaque population by means of developing discriminant functions. Measurements on direct dry bones only included lengths for 19 bones of the left hand in 39 macaques (consisting of 13 adult males and 26 adult females). The results revealed that the mean values of males were significantly greater than those of females for all of the metacarpals and phalanges. The results were obtained in 84.4% of accuracy from distal phalanges, 93.8% from middle phalanges, and 96.9% from both metacarpals and proximal phalanges, respectively. There was a remarkable difference in the magnitude of sex dimorphism in lengths of each section of the hand bones between the population of macaques and humans. This difference may be attributable to the interaction between genetic factors and various environmental factors. As sex differences of hand bones are population‐specific (Lazenby: Am J phys Anthropol 118 (2002) 378–384; Lu, Huo, Shi, Peng, Dang, Jiao, Zhu, Zhong, and Chen: Acta Aantomica Sinica 39 (2008) 267–271; Eshak, Ahmed, and Gawad: J Forensic Leg Med 18 (2011) 246–252), the discriminant equations for all of the metacarpals and phalanges are applicable to the population of Macaca mulatta from the Taihang Mountain. Anat Rec, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 300:1741–1746, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Measuring pain as the 5th vital sign does not improve quality of pain management

AbstractBACKGROUND: To improve pain management, the Veterans Health Administration launched the “Pain as the 5th Vital Sign” initiative in 1999, requiring a pain intensity rating (0 to 10) at all clinical encounters. OBJECTIVE: To measure the initiative’s impact on the quality of pain management. DESIGN: We retrospectively reviewed medical records at a single medical center to compare providers’ pain management before and after implementing the initiative and performed a subgroup analysis of patients reporting substantial pain (≥4) during a postimplementation visit. PARTICIPANTS: Unique patient visits selected from all 15 primary care providers of a general medicine outpatient clinic. MEASUREMENTS: We used 7 process indicators of quality pain management, based on appropriately evaluating and treating pain, to assess 300 randomly selected visits before and 300 visits after implementing the pain initiative. RESULTS: The quality of pain care was unchanged between visits before and after the pain initiative (P>.05 for all comparisons): subjective provider assessment (49.3% before, 48.7% after), pain exam (26.3%, 26.0%), orders to assess pain (11.7%, 8.3%), new analgesic (8.7%, 11.0%), change in existing analgesics (6.7%, 4.3%), other pain treatment (11.7%, 13.7%), or follow-up plans (10.0%, 8.7%). Patients (n=79) who reported substantial pain often did not receive recommended care: 22% had no attention to pain documented in the medical record, 27% had no further assessment documented, and 52% received no new therapy for pain at that visit. CONCLUSIONS: Routinely measuring pain by the 5th vital sign did not increase the quality of pain management. Patients with substantial pain documented by the 5th vital sign often had inadequate pain management.
Microfluidic impedance‐based flow cytometry

Microfabricated flow cytometers can detect, count, and analyze cells or particles using microfluidics and electronics to give impedance‐based characterization. Such systems are being developed to provide simple, low‐cost, label‐free, and portable solutions for cell analysis. Recent work using microfabricated systems has demonstrated the capability to analyze micro‐organisms, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and animal and human cell lines. Multifrequency impedance measurements can give multiparametric, high‐content data that can be used to distinguish cell types. New combinations of microfluidic sample handling design and microscale flow phenomena have been used to focus and position cells within the channel for improved sensitivity. Robust designs will enable focusing at high flowrates while reducing requirements for control over multiple sample and sheath flows. Although microfluidic impedance‐based flow cytometers have not yet or may never reach the extremely high throughput of conventional flow cytometers, the advantages of portability, simplicity, and ability to analyze single cells in small populations are, nevertheless, where chip‐based cytometry can make a large impact. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Evolution of DNA ploidy state and DNA index in colorectal adenomas and carcinomas using the crypt isolation technique: New hypothesis in colorectal tumorigenesis

The evolution of DNA diploid, aneuploid and multiploid (diploid and aneuploid) states that represent DNA types that are independent of genetic alterations in colorectal tumors were examined. Changes in the DNA index (DI) accompanying tumor development from adenoma to carcinoma were assessed. In colorectal adenomas and early cancers, the DNA was diploid or multiploid. A pure aneuploid state was observed in advanced carcinomas only, whereas the aneuploid DI values of adenomas were characterized by two distinct peaks. The DI values for the carcinomas were randomly distributed. However, in advanced carcinomas, aneuploid carcinomas tended to have lower DI whereas aneuploid populations within multiploid carcinomas tended to have higher DI. Early cancers were subdivided into two groups: a cancer region associated with an adenomatous region (group A tumors) and a cancer region that exhibited an absence of or a very limited adenomatous region (group B tumors). Group A tumor DI were lower than group B. It is suggested that low DI adenomas might transform into group A tumors, which consequently progress to advanced aneuploid carcinomas. In addition, group B tumors might derive predominantly from high DI adenomas or from group A tumors by high DI evolution, and might progress into advanced multiploid carcinomas. Therefore, the evolution of the DNA index might play an important role in the development of colorectal tumors.
Clinical supervision: outsider reports of a research-driven implementation programme in Queensland, Australia.

AIM The aim of the present study was to explore substantive issues related to the implementation of Clinical Supervision (CS). BACKGROUND Historically, the treatment of mental illness in Australia has been inadequate. CS has shown promise as a positive contribution to the clinical governance agenda, as a structured staff support mechanism. EVALUATION Within the wider context of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of CS, semi-structured interviews (n = 17) were conducted with staff who worked alongside colleagues that attempted to implement CS. KEY ISSUES Senior managers embraced CS and were disappointed when junior managerial colleagues did not hold a similar conviction, when tested by the realities of CS implementation. If CS was regarded as an additional activity, it stretched human resources and created inter-staff tensions. CONCLUSIONS The personal testimony of these 'outsiders' spoke about the practicalities of implementing CS and the prevailing culture into which they were introduced. When perceived as a tour de force for culture change, CS was polarized as an opportunity by many, but also as a threat by some. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT A single, cohesive and explicit management position on CS in each Health Service entity may obviate some of the impediments to CS implementation.
The institutional consequences of decoupling exposure

What happens to a norm when it becomes publicly known that organizations are decoupling their activities from it? Since the publication of Meyer and Rowan’s pivotal paper, the institutional consequences of publicly denouncing that organizations engage in decoupling have been examined only tangentially. Our article fills this gap by offering a model that explains the institutional consequences of decoupling exposure. We show how sanctions, initial norm validity, reactions of exposed organizations, and evaluations by field members witnessing the exposure lead to either the reinforcement or the disruption of a norm that is transgressed. We also offer a counter-intuitive explanation as to why decoupling exposure may actually weaken rather than reinforce norms that activists attempt to promote by exposing decoupling.
Balancing National Security and Free-Speech Rights: Why Congress Should Revise the Espionage Act

On April 6, 1917, the United States declared war against Germany, entering into a great European conflict that historians would later refer to as World War IV While at war, the U.S. government sought a measure to punish those who jeopardized America's national defense. ' Thus, Congress enacted the Espionage Act ("Act")3 with the declared purpose of protecting the rights and property of American citizens, while punishing crimes "that endangered the peace, welfare, and honor of the United States. "4 According to the legislative history, "[t]he object [of the Act] is not to restrict an American citizen in any just rights he has under the Constitution and laws of this Nation. "5 However, contrary to the stated intent, the language of the statute restricts the rights of American citizens, particularly with respect to fundamental liberties under the First Amendment.6 Critics
Comparison of tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in primary cultures of rat, mouse, monkey, dog, rabbit, and human hepatocytes.

Tacrine is the first drug approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Approximately 50% of patients treated with tacrine develop elevated serum aminotransferase levels, an indication of potential hepatotoxicity. The mechanism of human hepatoxicity has been difficult to study, because of the absence of an animal model. Therefore, this study compared the cytotoxicity induced by tacrine in primary rat, mouse, monkey, dog, rabbit and human hepatocytes to determine differences in response to tacrine between species in vitro. Cytotoxicity was assessed by determination of extra- and intracellular lactate dehydrogenase. The ratio of intracellular enzyme to total enzyme (i.e. intracellular and extracellular) was used to represent the viabilities of the cultures. Concentration-dependent cytotoxicity occurred after four and 24-hour exposure over a tacrine concentration range of 0 to 380 micrograms/ml. Cytotoxic potency of tacrine in hepatocytes from human, dog, mouse and rat was not significantly different; monkey hepatocytes appeared slightly more sensitive, while rabbit hepatocytes appeared slightly less sensitive than human hepatocytes. Increased time of exposure to tacrine decreased the concentration necessary to induce a cytotoxic response. This in vitro model suggests only minimal differences in sensitivity to tacrine-induce cytotoxicity; therefore, cytotoxicity in primary cultures of hepatocytes from various species would appear to be related to common metabolite(s) and/or mechanism of cellular injury.
Monitoring changes in gene expression in renal ischemia-reperfusion in the rat.

BACKGROUND Although acute renal failure (ARF) is a relatively common disorder with major morbidity and mortality, its molecular basis remains incompletely defined. The present study examined global gene expression in the well-characterized ischemia-reperfusion model of ARF using DNA microarray technology. METHODS Male Wistar rats underwent bilateral renal ischemia (30 min) or sham operation, followed by reperfusion for 1, 2, 3 or 4 days. Plasma creatinine increased approximately fivefold over baseline, peaking on day 1. Renal total RNA was used to probe cDNA microarrays. RESULTS Alterations in expression of 18 genes were identified by microarray analysis. Nine genes were up-regulated (ADAM2, HO-1, UCP-2, and thymosin beta4 in the early phase and clusterin, vanin1, fibronectin, heat-responsive protein 12 and FK506 binding protein in the established phase), whereas another nine were down-regulated (glutamine synthetase, cytochrome p450 IId6, and cyp 2d9 in the early phase and cyp 4a14, Xist gene, PPARgamma, alpha-albumin, uromodulin, and ADH B2 in the established phase). The identities of these 18 genes were sequence-verified. Changes in gene expression of ADAM2, cyp2d6, fibronectin, HO-1 and PPARgamma were confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). ADAM2, cyp2d6, and PPARgamma have not previously been known to be involved in ARF. CONCLUSION Using DNA microarray technology, we identified changes in expression of 18 genes during renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat. We confirmed changes in five genes (fibronectin, ADAM2, cyp 2d6, HO-1 and PPARgamma) by quantitative real-time PCR. Several genes, not previously been identified as playing a role in ischemic ARF, may have importance in this disease.
The actin cytoskeleton participates in the early events of autophagosome formation upon starvation induced autophagy

Autophagy is a process by which cytoplasmic material is sequestered in a double-membrane vesicle destined for degradation. Nutrient deprivation stimulates the pathway and the number of autophagosomes in the cell increases in response to such stimulus. In the current report we have demonstrated that actin is necessary for starvation-mediated autophagy. When the actin cytoskeleton is depolymerized, the increase in autophagic vacuoles in response to the starvation stimulus was abolished without affecting maturation of remaining autophagosomes. In addition, actin filaments colocalized with ATG14, BECN1/Beclin1 and PtdIns3P-rich structures, and some of them have a typical omegasome shape stained with the double FYVE domain or ZFYVE1/DFCP1. In contrast, no major colocalization between actin and ULK1, ULK2, ATG5 or MAP1LC3/LC3 was observed. Taken together, our data indicate that actin has a role at very early stages of autophagosome formation linked to the PtdIns3P generation step. In addition, we have found that two members of the Rho family of proteins, RHOA and RAC1 have a regulatory function on starvation-mediated autophagy, but with opposite roles. Indeed, RHOA has an activatory role whereas Rac has an inhibitory one. We have also found that inhibition of the RHOA effector ROCK impaired the starvation-mediated autophagic response. We propose that actin participates in the initial membrane remodeling stage when cells require an enhanced rate of autophagosome formation, and this actin function would be tightly regulated by different members of the Rho family.
Induction of local immunity to group A streptococci type M50 in mice by non-type-specific mechanisms.

The possibility of inducing immunity in the upper respiratory tract against type M50 group A streptococci was studied in mice. The M50 type exhibited an LD100 a of 10(5) colony-forming units (CFU) when administered intranasally (i.n.), and of 10(7) CFU when introduced intraperitoneally (i.p.). I.n. administered vaccines prepared from M types 12, 18, 30, 49, 50 and 55 were equally efficient in preventing lethal infection after i.n. challenge with type M50. Subcutaneous (s.c.) immunization with type 18 had no effect, whereas s.c. immunization with type 50 was effective against i.n. challenge with type 50. Neither with i.n. nor s.c. , did vaccination with type 18 - in contrast to with type 50 - protect against i.p. challenge with type 50. The results strongly suggest that local immunity against M50 group A streptococci can be achieved using a non-type-specific mechanism. Once the local barrier had been overcome, protection against systemic infection was type-specific in accordance with classic concepts.
Evidence that oestrogen exerts an equivalent negative feedback action on LH secretion in male and female ferrets.

Gonadally intact male ferrets in breeding condition, which received an aromatase inhibitor, 1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione (ATD) s.c. in Silastic capsules, had significantly more LH pulses and higher mean LH concentrations in plasma than did control males implanted with empty capsules. Aromatase activity in the hypothalamus + preoptic area and temporal lobe was strongly suppressed by ATD treatment whereas circulating concentrations of testosterone and oestradiol were not affected. These results suggest that oestradiol, formed via neural aromatization of circulating testosterone, contributes to the feedback regulation of LH secretion in breeding male ferrets just as oestradiol of ovarian origin controls LH secretion in females. No sex difference was observed in the rate at which mean plasma LH concentrations rose after the removal from gonadectomized ferrets of s.c. Silastic capsules containing oestradiol. Daily s.c. injections of oestradiol in oil caused an equivalent, dose-dependent inhibition of LH pulse frequency and mean LH concentrations in plasma of male and female ferrets. These findings suggest that the negative feedback control of pulsatile LH secretion by oestrogen is not sexually differentiated in this reflexly ovulating species. The ferret appears to differ from spontaneously ovulating mammalian species in which the female is generally more sensitive than the male to the inhibitory feedback action of oestradiol on LH secretion.
Passive filter design to mitigate harmonics in three phase induction furnace

Quality is most important factor of power delivery system. Proliferation of non-linear loads in power system reduces the power quality (PQ). High power rating induction furnaces can be produced with the development of power electronics, to melt iron, steel metals. In the induction furnace (IF) power converter tropology is used this causes power quality problems such as harmonic generation. In this paper, harmonic analysis is carried out on an industry based induction furnace using power quality analyzer (Fluke 435). The assessment of harmonic distortions is compared with IEEE standard 519-1992. Measured harmonics are beyond the permissible IEEE standard limit. To mitigate this harmonics shunt Passive harmonic filter is designed. Industry's model is implemented in ETAP software and used for analysis.
Electrode selection and other design considerations for a modular, portable single-channel EEG-augmented hearing aid

In this paper, we present a design for a portable single-channel EEG-controlled hearing aid. The design has relevance for future versions of hearing aids that may make use of electroencephalography (EEG) to control the settings and signal processing on the hearing aid. The design also has relevance for auditory-based brain-computer interface (BCI) systems. Current hearing aid technology uses only acoustic information to perform noise removal algorithms and to do directional beamforming using array microphones. Recent advances in EEG and applications in auditory-based BCI have opened the door for the potential use of EEG information to automatically control the function of a hearing aid. In this paper we describe the design of a modular mobile hearing aid platform that accepts EEG inputs. We have investigated which electrodes are the most relevant for performing an EEG-based classifier of oddball sounds using tones and nonsense syllables so that eventually a minimal set of electrodes may be used in a portable auditory-based EEG BCI system. And we have described the modular design of a portable hearing aid system which enables interchange of different USB-enabled EEG electrodes, codecs, and battery supplies. The system includes a dual-microphone array for enabling adaptive beamforming noise cancelation and a Linux-based processor for performing advanced noise cancelation and compression algorithms.
Preoperative steroid pulse therapy for invasive thymoma

Glucocorticoid was used in thymomas. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous high‐dose glucocorticoid (steroid pulse) therapy in patients with previously untreated advanced thymoma. Causes were also sought for a possible underlying mechanism of the effect of steroid on thymoma.