FACTORES DE RIESGO DEPENDIENTES DEL HUÉSPED PARA NEUMONÍA ASOCIADA A VENTILADOR EN LA UCI DEL HOSPITAL NACIONAL DOS DE MAYO ENERO 2013 - ENERO 2015

Métodos: Estudio observacional, cuantitativo, analítico y retrospectivo. Se estudió factores de riesgo dependientes del huésped para Neumonía Asociada a Ventilador (NAV) y se evaluó la asociación de cada uno de ellos con la enfermedad de estudio. En el análisis de resultados, se utilizó los Odds ratios (OR) crudos y el análisis bivariado. Resultados: Durante el periodo de estudio, 232 pacientes ventilados fueron evaluados, de los cuales fueron diagnosticados con NAV, 18 pacientes (7.75%), siendo la tasa de letalidad de 27.77%. El sexo masculino y la edad avanzada mostraron un OR de 0.846 (IC 95% 0.322 -2.227) y 1.017 (IC 95% 0.386- 2.677), respectivamente. En relación a EPID, EPOC, neumotórax y tuberculosis, se obtuvieron OR de 1.739 (IC 95% 0.202-14.976), 3.619 (IC 95% 1.306-10.031), 1.6332 (IC 95% 0.0812 - 32.8400) y 2.2973 (IC 95% 0.1063 – 49.6550), respectivamente. En relación a neoplasias, Diabetes Mellitus, VIH y lupus eritematoso sistémico, se encontraron OR de 0.5264 (IC 95% 0.0296 – 9.3464), 0.8669 (IC 95% 0.0470 – 16.0025), 15.000 (IC 95% 3.388 – 66.407) y 26.625 (IC 95% 2.289 -309.663), respectivamente. En relación al sobrepeso, se encontró un OR de 10.500 (IC 95% 2.150 - 51.281). Conclusión: El sexo masculino y la edad avanzada mostraron una tendencia a ser factores de riesgo para NAV, sin alcanzar significancia estadística. El EPOC, VIH, LES y el sobrepeso fueron los factores que sí mostraron una asociación estadísticamente significativa con NAV. ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the association between host-dependent risk factors and ventilator-associated pneumonia in the ICU of the Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo during January 2013 to January 2015. Methods: Observational, quantitative, analytical and retrospective study. Host-dependent risk factors for Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) were studied and the association of each of them with the disease studied was evaluated. In the analysis of results, crude odds ratios (OR) and bivariate analysis were used. Results: During the study period, 232 patients were evaluated, of which 18 patients (7.75%) were diagnosed with VAP; the mortality rate was 27.77%. Males and advanced age showed an OR of 0.846 (95% CI 0.322 -2.227) and 1.017 (95% CI 0.386-2.677), respectively. In relation to EPID, EPOC, pneumothorax and tuberculosis, ORs were obtained from 1,739 (95% CI 0.202-14.976), 3.619 (95% CI 1.306-10.031), 1.6332 (95% CI 0.0812 - 32.8400) and 2.2973 (CI 95 % 0.1063 - 49.6550), respectively. In relation to neoplasms, Diabetes Mellitus, HIV and systemic lupus erythematous, ORs were found of 0.5264 (95% CI 0.0296 - 9.3464), 0.8669 (CI 95% 0.0470 - 16.0025), 15.000 (CI 95% 3.388 - 66.407) and 26.625 (95% CI 2.289 -309.663), respectively. In relation to overweight, an OR of 10,500 was found (95% CI 2,150 - 51,281). Conclusions: Male sex and advanced age showed a tendency to be risk factors for VAP, without reaching statistical significance. COPD, HIV, SLE and overweight were the factors that did show a statistically significant association with NAV.