Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Nepotym and Corruption Management in Institutions and the Economy of the Country

Social, political and institutional factors play a major role in the country's economic development and economic growth in developing and developed countries. Corruption, which is a symptom of deep institutional weaknesses, is one of the factors responsible for reducing investment and spending (for education and health), increasing income inequality, decreasing foreign direct investment, and allocating resources. It tends to grow faster than the dynamics implemented to neutralize it. Systematically, it has caused many disturbing problems in all countries of the world. Based on a Transparency International report. Corruption is one of the greatest contemporary challenges of the world. It determines good governance, leads to inefficient resource allocation, disrupts the private and public sector, and often affects the poor. The people in the world carry the phenomena that society has so far encountered but has neglected. Nepotism usually means hiring close relatives, close friends, regardless of their merits and abilities. While corruption poses a permanent threat to both the economic system and the country's legal system. The purpose of this paper is; To assess the factors that have influenced the appearance and development of nepotism and corruption. Then, analyze the influence of nepotism and corruption in the country's economy. The impact of nepotism on employment and the advancement of relatives in the important sector of the country as well as the influence of corruption and nepotism in justice institutions. The research results will be useful for researchers who will be concerned with analyzing the influential factors of nepotism and corruption.
A search for periodic gravitational waves from three recycled pulsars using the AURIGA detector - An implementation of a modified version of the unified approach method

Aims. We report on a search for continuous gravitational wave emission from three recycled radio pulsars, performed by using the data of the resonant detector AURIGA. Given the spin rate of the selected targets – the isolated pulsar PSR J1939+2134 and the binary pulsars PSR J0024-7204J and PSR J0218+4232 – the expected frequency of the emitted gravitational waves falls in the high sensitivity range of the detector. Methods. The main topic is the method, meaning that the statistical analysis is performed by implementing a slightly modified version of the Feldman and Cousins Unified Approach. Results. By using ephemerides provided by suitable radio observations of the targets, we were able to demodulate the Doppler shifts within a coherence time of 1 day, and then incoherently sum 10 daily spectra collected from December 8th to December 17th, 2006. We have found upper limits on the gravitational wave amplitudes in the order of a few units of 10 −23 at 90% Confidence Level (C.L.), which translate to limits in the ellipticity of the targeted pulsars of e< 10 −4 at 90% C.L. Conclusions. The same framework can then be applied to data coming from most sensitive experiments as VIRGO or LIGO; moreover, an application to recently discovered transients in X-ray pulsars is discussed.
Consumer motivations in the purchase of organic food

The paper presents partial results from an Italian study on consumer perception and knowledge of organic food and related behaviour. Uses the means‐end chain model to link attributes of products to the needs of consumers. In order to provide insights into consumer motivation in purchasing organic products, 60 respondents were interviewed using “hard” laddering approach to the measurement of means‐end chains. The results (ladders) of these semi‐qualitative interviews are coded, aggregated and presented in a set of hierarchical structured value maps. Even if organic products are perceived as difficult to find and expensive, most consumers judge them positively. All consumers associate organic products with health at different levels of abstraction and want good, tasty and nourishing products, because pleasure and wellbeing are their most important values. Results show that differences exist between groups of consumers with respect to their frequency of use (experience) of organic products and level of information (expertise). Reports and discusses results on consumer cognitive structures at different level of experience.
Synthesis, Optical, and Magnetic Properties of Graphene Quantum Dots and Iron Oxide Nanocomposites

The combination of nanomaterial graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with magnetic nanoparticles offers a unique set of optical and magnetic properties for future energy and medical applications. We report on the synthesis and engineering of GQDs and iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanocomposites (NCs) by using a pulsed laser discharge technique. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images showed a high yield of pure GQDs with 2–10 nm diameter. The hexagonal structures and lattice fringes associated with the C–C bond in GQDs were clearly identifiable. The structural and optical changes in GQDs and GQDs-Fe3O4 NC samples induced by UV light were investigated by the absorption and emission spectroscopy over the deep UV–visible spectral range. The photoluminescence spectra have shown subband π→π transitions in GQDs-Fe3O4 NC. Magnetic properties of the GQDs-Fe3O4 NC samples have shown room temperature ferromagnetism induced by pure Fe3O4 nanoparticles and from the substantial spin polarized edges of GQD nanoparticles. It is concluded that the observed optical and magnetic properties could be further tailored in the studied nanocomposites for prospective medical applications.
Prevalence of manifest hypermetropia in primary school children of Gaza city

Research question: what is the prevalence of manifest hypermetropia in primary school children (6 – 11 years ) of Gaza city? Objective: to study the prevalence of manifest hypermetropia in primary school children of Gaza city . Study design: cross sectional. Setting: schools of Gaza city –Palestine Participants: school children aged 6 – 11 years studying in 1st to 6th class. Study period: March 2013 to June 2013. Sample size: 1063 school children which included 478 females and 585 males. Study variables: manifest hypermetropic refractive error by age, sex and class, uncorrected, best corrected visual acuity and scientific achievement in school. Statistical analysis: Chi square test, proportions. Results: manifest hypermetropia is the most prevalent refractive error in primary school children in Gaza city irrespective of age or gender or eye . The prevalence of manifest hypermetropia is 45.3% for right eye and 46.7% for left eye. No statistically significant difference in scientific achievement in Arabic language or mathematics between children with various types of refractive errors. Conclusions: These data support the assumption that vision screening of school children in developing countries could be useful in detecting correctable causes of decreased vision especially refractive errors and in minimizing long term visual disability.
A Comparison Of Artificial Neural Networks And Multiple Linear Regression Models As Predictors Of Discard Rates In Plastic Injection Molding

In today’s global competitive environment, it is important to be able to evaluate the efficient use of a firms’ resources. The aim of this study is to predict the discard rate for headlight frames before the project of an automotive sub-industry firm in Bursa. For this prediction, the multilayer perceptron model, the radial basis function network model and multiple linear regression models were used. Matlab R2010b software was used for the multilayer perceptron model and radial basis function network solutions, and SPSS 13 packet software was used to solve the multiple linear regressions. Comparing the three models, the multilayer perceptron model was identified as the best predictive model.
Scalable Framework for Locating Deep Web Entry Points

In this information age, searching for information from the internet becomes wide spread, but some of the valuable information are hidden behind dynamically generated page which the search engines never crawled. It becomes imperative to find a way of making them available. This research work provides a scalable framework for locating forms that serves as the entry point for information in web databases. The methodology focuses on the link classifier by using Path-Ascending algorithm which has the advantage of searching as many resources as possible from a particular site, since forms are sparsely distributed, After implementing this framework, it was observed that the framework searches more than 90% of the links in each site tested which is comparatively higher than using search algorithm in the link classifier. This framework suggest using path ascending algorithm in the link classifier which make the crawler to search almost all the links on each page of a site providing a better opportunity to locate a searchable form. Crawler: a program that systematically browse the world wide web in order to create an index of data, deep web: information buried far down on dynamically generated sites, and standard search engines never find it, Frontier:it consist of URL and Crawling modules used to crawl the web pages to extract the meta data,surface web: information that common search engines like Google, Yahoo, AltaVista, Ask, and Bing can crawl.
Study of genetic polymorphism of Artemisia herba-alba from Tunisia using ISSR markers

Artemisia herba-alba is an herbaceous aromatic and therapeutic plant widely distributed in semi-arid regions of Tunisia and is potentially usable to restore degraded ecosystems. A study of genetic variation among 216 accessions was conducted using ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) markers to assess the polymorphism at the species level. A total of 60 polymorphic loci were scored using four primers revealing a high level of genetic polymorphism among A. herba-alba accessions. Correlation analysis revealed no direct relation between morphological traits, geographic distance and genetic distance. Correlogram analysis showed a patchy distribution of the genetic variability of A. herba-alba accessions revealing the contribution of local ecological and geographic conditions on variability.
Effects of grafting on carbohydrate accumulation and sugar-metabolic enzyme activities in muskmelon

Carbohydrates are the most important biochemical compounds in determining the quality of muskmelon fruit, and their accumulation in the muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) fruits as substrate tub plants in solar greenhouse with different scion/rootstock graft combinations were studied. The results indicated that Zhongmi1/Shengzhen1 graft combination (GS) reduced all kinds of main sugars contents except galactinol and stachyose throughout the whole fruit development. However, the effects of Zhongmi1/RibenStrong graft combination (GR) on carbohydrates accumulation was less compared to GS, in which sucrose content was lower than that in self-rooted muskmelon (CK) only on 32 DAA, decreased raffinose content merely on 48 DAA, increased stachyose content only on 16 DAA and reduced total sugar accumulation dramatically. Grafting (GR and GS) enhanced starch content in the later fruit development. On the other hand, grafting GS significantly enhanced acid invertase or neutral invertase activity during the whole development, sucrose synthase activity only on 8 DAA and reduced sucrose phosphate synthase activity dramatically compared to CK during 16 to 48 DAA. Grafting GR increased acid invertase activity only on 24 and 40 DAA and sucrose phosphate synthase activity dramatically on 48 DAA. Grafting significantly increased alkaline -galactosidase activity during 8 to 24 DAA; there were no significant differences between 32 to 48 DAA. Overall, considering the carbohydrate accumulation, Zhongmi1/RibenStrong graft combination was a superior graft combination, followed by Zhongmi1/Shengzhen1 graft combination.
Singapore: Reflections and Implications of Another Smart State

The objective of this paper is to analyse key elements of the development strategy of Singapore since the mid–1960s. The paper describes the economic challenge faced by Singapore in the mid–1960s, overviews contemporary world trends in foreign direct investment, and uses competitiveness constructs developed by Michael Porter (1985) to clarify key stages in the evolution of Singapore's development strategy. The paper argues that the strategy has been successful because of unremitting top priority given to it by Singapore's political leadership and because the political leaders charged a single organisation, the Economic Development Board (EDB), with absolute authority to develop and implement the strategy. The paper concludes with implications for Queensland's Smart State initiatives.
Paving the road for flipped teaching in Spanish universities

Spanish university lecturers have traditionally spent most of their contact time with students explaining theory in the classroom. Once the theoretical contents have been presented, lecturers demonstrate (with little or no student participation) several reinforcing examples and practical exercises. Student involvement only occurs when they are asked to perform a series of tasks and exercises after the lesson and generally outside the classroom. Active learning methodologies have been proven to significantly enhance the teaching-learning process, and fortunately, Spanish universities are increasingly promoting these approaches. Among these active learning methodologies, flip teaching is one of the most frequently adopted teaching strategies. However, the introduction of flip teaching poses challenges and requires a radical change of mentality from lecturers and students. To succeed, participants must abandon former work habits and work on the theoretical concepts outside the classroom, while significantly increasing the degree of interaction inside and outside the classroom. Lecturers must spearhead this process of change, but success can only be achieved with student involvement. This paper shows how flip teaching was implemented in a subject within the MSc in Project Management course at the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia. Emphasis is given to active teaching strategy and the three basic components on which it relies: students, faculty, and the teaching learning methodology. Results and conclusions extend the discussion and provides some guidelines on facilitating the (necessary) adoption of this and other active learning methodologies in Spanish universities.
Default Risk on Derivatives Exchanges: Evidence from Clearing-House Data

In this paper, we analyze empirically the clearing house exposure to the risk of default by a clearing house member. Using actual daily data on margins and variation margins for all clearing members of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange’s clearing house, we identify many occurrences when the member’s daily loss exceeds his posted margin. Furthermore, we …nd that the major source of default risk for a clearing member is proprietary trading and not trading by customers. In order to quantify the default risk exposure, we provide a characterization of the tail risk of the clearing house using Extreme Value Theory. We then design and price a realistic insurance contract covering the loss to the clearing house from default by one or several clearing members. We investigate the impact on the insurance premium of including data from the Black Monday of 1987 in our sample. Our empirical analysis also allows us to put a dollar amount on the service provided by the Federal Reserve, which is the implicit insurer of the clearing house. JEL classi…cation: G13, G18
Neuro-Protection and Neuro-Therapy Effects of Acalypha indica Linn. Water Extract Ex Vivo on Musculus gastrocnemius Frog

The studies of neuro-protection and neuro-therapy effects of Acalypha indica Linn. water extract ex vivo on Musculus gastrocnemius frog have already done at three Departments in Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia. The experimental studies were done on 2 groups of frog fornneuro-protection and neuro-therapy effects. Each group of frog was divided into 7 subgroups of application, 4 samples each. There were 5 subgroups of doses: 5; 10; 15; 20; 25 mg and 2 subgroups as control. Pancuronium bromide 0.2%, 4 mg, was used for a positive control as muscle relaxant. Neuro-protection study was done as follow: ringer n extract n pancuronium bromide, and neuro-therapy study was ringer n pancuronium bromide n extract, respectively. The parameters measured in these studies were the electrical activities such as amount and duration (second) of re-polarization; depolarization, resting potential, and the height of spike after electrical stimulation at 5 mV. Neuro-protection effect of extract was determined by the ability of muscle to show the electrical response after incubating with pancuronium bromide for 10 minutes, and after incubating with extract for 10 minutes for neuro-therapy effect. In the dose of 15 mg and 20 mg/mL of A. indica Linn. extract showed better activities than the dose of 25 mg of extract, both as neuro-protection and neuro-therapy effects, but statistically its have not a significant difference. This study should be followed by an in vivo experiment on frog and it would be done in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies on other animal models.
Child Education and the Family Income Gradient in China

This paper looks at the relation between education and family income using a 2008-2009 survey of nearly 10,000 children in 15 cities and nine provinces throughout China. We use school test scores on mathematics and language, as well as parent-reported educational progress, out-of-pocket expenses, and self-reported quality of schooling. Across all measures, children from wealthier families do better, but the gap is much smaller for older children than younger children in rural areas and is almost entirely gone at the end of secondary school. In Chinese cities and in Western countries like the US the opposite is the case, with the gap between children from poor and rich households staying constant or even widening as the kids get older. Our explanation is that it takes a generation of universal education for ability, education, and parental income to become highly correlated, which will already have happened in Chinese cities and in Western countries, but is only just now happening in rural areas in China. Accordingly, the relation between family income and child ability increases over generations, reducing future education and income mobility.
Morphological effects of oestradiol-17 ß ‚ and selective oestrogen receptor α and ß agonists on luteinising hormone-secreting cells in tamoxifen-treated ovariectomised rats

rat gonadotroph oestrogen receptor (ER) pools in the effects of oestradiol-17ß (E2) on gonadectomy cells, two-week ovariectomised (OVX) rats were used. The basic experimental group of rats was injected with 3 mg of the selective ER modulator tamoxifen (TX) on days 15-20 after OVX. Groups of TX-treated OVX rats were additionally injected on days 18-20 after OVX with 10 μg oestradiol benzoate (EB), 1 mg of the selective ERα agonist propylpyrazole triol (PPT), or 1 mg of the selective ERß diarylpropionitrile (DPN). Negative and positive control groups were OVX rats injected over six days after OVX with 0.2 ml oil and EB, respectively. On day 21 after OVX, anterior pituitary glands were dissected out and divided into halves. One hemipituitary was processed for light microscopy and immunocytochemistry for ßLH subunit and progesterone receptor (PR), and the other hemipituitary for ultrastructural evaluation. Results showed that: gonadotrophs were the only pituitary cell type expressing PR; treatment with TX alone shrunk gonadectomy cells and induced both reorganization of membrane-enclosed intracellular organelles and PR expression, and treatment with DPN or EB, but not PPT, reduced the agonistic morphological effects of TX. Considering that TX activates nuclear ERα, the results indicate that activation of nuclear ERα is determinant for the reversal effects of E2 on gonadotrope morphology and PR expression, and the simultaneous activation of ERß modulates the action of ERα in an inhibitory fashion.
Improvement of Relay Link Capacity in a Multi-hop System by using a Directional Antenna in LTE-A Cellular Network

This paper introduces a new approach for enhancing relay link quality. Two types of antennas were proposed at the relay node (RN). The first type is the directional antenna, which is directed toward the base station to achieve the maximum relay location range and improve the relay link quality, thereby reducing outage probability by increasing relay link capacity. The second type is the omni-directional antenna, which is used for the exchange of information between the RN and attached users. The optimum relay location was derived, thus ensuring the maximum spectral efficiency and best received signal strength over the relay link and cell edge. An improvement of 32% in spectral efficiency and a difference of−62 dBm to −50dBm in received signal strength at the relay link has been observed while considering Interference from neighboring cells. An ATDI simulator, which manages the digital cartography for the first tier of interference in urban areas, verified the numerical results. Streszczenie. Opisano metody poprawy transmisji w sieci komorkowej LTE. Zbadano dwie anteny - antene kierunkową i wielokierunkową. Antena kierunkowa zapewnia najlepsza jakośc transmisji, antena wielokierunkowa jest uzyta do wymiany informacji miedzy wezlem a uzytkownikiem. (Poprawa mozliwości transmisji w sieci komorkowej LTE w systemie multi-hop przy wykorzystaniu anteny kierunkowej)
Exchange Processes in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Over Mountainous Terrain

The exchange of heat, momentum, and mass in the atmosphere over mountainous terrain is controlled by synoptic-scale dynamics, thermally driven mesoscale circulations, and turbulence. This article reviews the key challenges relevant to the understanding of exchange processes in the mountain boundary layer and outlines possible research priorities for the future. The review describes the limitations of the experimental study of turbulent exchange over complex terrain, the impact of slope and valley breezes on the structure of the convective boundary layer, and the role of intermittent mixing and wave–turbulence interaction in the stable boundary layer. The interplay between exchange processes at different spatial scales is discussed in depth, emphasizing the role of elevated and ground-based stable layers in controlling multi-scale interactions in the atmosphere over and near mountains. Implications of the current understanding of exchange processes over mountains towards the improvement of numerical weather prediction and climate models are discussed, considering in particular the representation of surface boundary conditions, the parameterization of sub-grid-scale exchange, and the development of stochastic perturbation schemes.
Asymptotic properties of stochastic population dynamics

In this paper we stochastically perturb the classical Lotka{Volterra model x_ (t) = diag(x1(t); ; xn(t))[b + Ax(t)] into the stochastic dierential equation dx(t) = diag(x1(t); ; xn(t))[(b + Ax(t))dt + dw(t)]: The main aim is to study the asymptotic properties of the solution. It is known (see e.g. [3, 20]) if the noise is too large then the population may become extinct with probability one. Our main aim here is to nd out what happens if the noise is relatively small. In this paper we will establish some new asymptotic properties for the moments as well as for the sample paths of the solution. In particular, we will discuss the limit of the average in time of the sample paths.