Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Privacy Norms and Preferences for Photos Posted Online

We are surrounded by digital images of personal lives posted online. Changes in information and communications technology have enabled widespread sharing of personal photos, increasing access to aspects of private life previously less observable. Most studies of privacy online explore differences in individual privacy preferences. Here we examine privacy perceptions of online photos considering both social norms, collectively—shared expectations of privacy and individual preferences. We conducted an online factorial vignette study on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (n = 279). Our findings show that people share common expectations about the privacy of online images, and these privacy norms are socially contingent and multidimensional. Use of digital technologies to share personal photos is influenced by social context as well as individual preferences, while such sharing can affect the social meaning of privacy.
Exercise Training in Obese Rats Does Not Induce Browning at Thermoneutrality and Induces a Muscle-Like Signature in Brown Adipose Tissue

Aim: Exercise training elicits diverse effects on brown (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) physiology in rodents housed below their thermoneutral zone (i.e., 28–32°C). In these conditions, BAT is chronically hyperactive and, unlike human residence, closer to thermoneutrality. Therefore, we set out to determine the effects of exercise training in obese animals at 28°C (i.e., thermoneutrality) on BAT and WAT in its basal (i.e., inactive) state. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 12) were housed at thermoneutrality from 3 weeks of age and fed a high-fat diet. At 12 weeks of age half these animals were randomized to 4-weeks of swim-training (1 h/day, 5 days per week). Following a metabolic assessment interscapular and perivascular BAT and inguinal (I)WAT were taken for analysis of thermogenic genes and the proteome. Results: Exercise attenuated weight gain but did not affect total fat mass or thermogenic gene expression. Proteomics revealed an impact of exercise training on 2-oxoglutarate metabolic process, mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV, carbon metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation. This was accompanied by an upregulation of multiple proteins involved in skeletal muscle physiology in BAT and an upregulation of muscle specific markers (i.e., Myod1, CkM, Mb, and MyoG). UCP1 mRNA was undetectable in IWAT with proteomics highlighting changes to DNA binding, the positive regulation of apoptosis, HIF-1 signaling and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Conclusion: Exercise training reduced weight gain in obese animals at thermoneutrality and is accompanied by an oxidative signature in BAT which is accompanied by a muscle-like signature rather than induction of thermogenic genes. This may represent a new, UCP1-independent pathway through which BAT physiology is regulated by exercise training.
Hamburger Beiträge zur Angewandten Mathematik Counting Closed Deodesics on Rank One Manifolds

We establish a precise asymptotic formula for the number of homotopy classes of periodic orbits for the geodesic ow on rank one manifolds of nonpositive curvature. This extends a celebrated result of G. A. Margulis to the nonuniformly hyperbolic case and strengthens previous results by G. Knieper. We also establish some useful properties of the measure of maximal entropy.
Neuromorphic computing through photonic integrated circuits

The identification of neuromorphic computing as a highly promising alternative computing system has been emerged from its potential to increase rapidly the computational efficiency that is currently restricted by Moore’s law end. First electronic neuromorphic chips like IBM’s TrueNorth and Intel’s Loihi revealed a tremendous performance improvement in terms of computational speed and density; however, they are still operating in MHz rates. To this end, neuromorphic photonic integrated circuits can further increase the computational speed and density, having a large portfolio of components with GHz-bandwidth and low-energy. Herein, we present an all-optical sigmoid activation function as well as a single-λ linear neuron. The all-optical sigmoid activation function comprises a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier-Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (SOA-MZI) configured in differentially-biased scheme followed by an SOA. Its thresholding capabilities have been experimentally demonstrated with 100psec optical pulses. Then, we introduce an all-optical phase-encoded weighting scheme and we experimentally demonstrate its linear algebra operational credentials by the means of a typical IQ modulator operated at 10Gbaud/s.
Image-Guided Hypofractionated Stereotactic Radiosurgery : A Practical Approach to Guide Treatment of Brain and Spine Tumors

bypasses. These are wonderful state-of-the-art summaries but there almost should be a warning before some of them, especially directed at those just starting out in practice. Those of us who are older have hopefully learned our lessons but one always worries about someone else having to learn anew for themselves what can go wrong. Along these lines, it would be beneficial to have more attention to addressing the complexity and complications of some of the procedures. There are, however, other books that delve more deeply into surgical technique, decision making, and complication avoidance. I have no financial or interest otherwise in Thieme but maybe it would be useful to cross reference within each of their books the other books that complement the subject matter. In summary, the back cover of the book says it is directed at general neurosurgeons and open and endovascular neurovascular surgeons. This book and the accompanying videos are almost a must have for them, especially for neurosurgery residents in general as well as residents and fellows interested in neurovascular disease. It is probably less directed at neurologists, neurocritical care practitioners, and physiatrists. Neurovascular Surgery provides up-to-date information covering essentially the entire field written by the authorities and accompanied by some of the best media available.
A NOVEL FIVE-LEVEL THREE PHASE DC-AC CONVERTER FOR HIGH VOLTAGE APPLICATIONS

In this paper a novel five-level three phase inverter is proposed.The topology is consists of 12 diodes and power switches to achieve a five-level three phase output. There is lower harmonic distortion and the output line to line voltage is five level. Compared to the traditional three-phase inverters. By using the less components five level three phase output can be produced . These are used in interconnecting system to produce the larger voltages. Keywords-Five level, three phase, power switch, total harmonic distortion.
Modelling electro-impulse de-icing process in leading edge structure and impact fatigue life prediction of rivet holes in critical areas

The de-icing of a wing leading edge using an electro-impulse method benefits from its very low energy requirement and high efficiency. The high-frequency mechanical vibration activated by an electromagnetic pulse coil linked to an impulse circuit fractures the ice accumulating on the leading edge, and the ice is removed very rapidly when flying. An improved de-icing criterion based transient dynamics method is employed to accurately simulate the electro-impulse de-icing (EIDI) process. To reduce computational expenses in modelling all the rivet joints, a simplified model of leading edge structure ignoring all rivets is established using tie-constraints to identify high-stress areas or critical areas of leading edge structure during the EIDI process. Afterwards, a local detailed model of leading edge structure modelling rivets, rivet holes and their surfaces in critical areas, is set up to accurately describe the impact response and stress configuration of leading edge structure during the EIDI process. According to the EIDI local detailed model for leading edge structure, the fatigue life of critical rivet holes is predicted based on the local maximum stresses. Consequently, the endurance strength of the leading edge structure is estimated and a safe assembling scheme of the EIDI system is suggested.
RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW OF MORTALITY IN CAPTIVE PINK PIGEONS (NESOENAS MAYERI) HOUSED IN EUROPEAN COLLECTIONS: 1977–2018

Abstract: The Mauritian pink pigeon (Nesoenas mayeri) is vulnerable, with only 400 individuals remaining in the free-living population. A European captive population was established in 1977 and a European Endangered Species Program (EEP) in 1992. The EEP long-term management plan recommends integrating the EEP and free-living Mauritius populations through pigeon transfers. A retrospective mortality review of the captive population was performed as part of a disease risk assessment process and to inform infectious disease screening prior to exporting captive birds to Mauritius. Six hundred pink pigeons from 34 institutions died from 1977 to 2018. Each individual was categorized according to age at time of death. Records from 404 individuals were categorized according to cause of death. Neonatal mortality (39%) and juvenile mortality (10.8%) were most commonly caused by noninfectious diseases (52% and 54.4%, respectively), including parental neglect and failure to thrive in neonates and nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism in juveniles. Trauma (43.1%) was the most common cause of mortality in adults, with significantly higher mortality in males from interspecific aggression and in females due to intraspecific aggression. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium, and Escherichia coli were the most common infectious causes of adult mortality, and E. coli was the most common infectious cause in neonates. The following infectious diseases were identified as priorities for pre-export disease risk analysis, though not all caused mortality: Y. pseudotuberculosis, M. avium, Trichomonas spp. , Chlamydia psittaci, and Coccidia spp. Husbandry changes have been made over the years to mitigate many of the noninfectious causes of mortality. These include alterations to nest sites to reduce neonatal trauma and abandonment, ultraviolet light supplementation and diet optimization to reduce metabolic disorders, improving enclosure design to reduce impact trauma, allowing females rest periods during breeding season, and avoiding housing with certain species.
Learning and the Lifespan: What’s Sex Got to Do With It?

Engagement in sexual behavior can impact neurosteroidogenesis, in particular production of the prohormone testosterone (T) and likely its subsequent metabolism to 5α-androstane-3α-17β-Diol (3α-Diol) or aromatization to estradiol (E2). Androgens and their metabolites vary across the lifespan and impact many behaviors, including cognition, anxiety, and sexual behavior. Thus, we hypothesized that mating may alter cognitive performance via androstane neurosteroids in an age- and experience-dependent manner. We first investigated if exposure to mating during memory consolidation could enhance performance in the novel object recognition task (NOR). Male rats were trained in NOR and then immediately exposed to mating-relevant or control stimuli. Following a 4 h inter-trial interval (ITI), male rats were tested for object memory. Male rats that were exposed to a receptive female during the ITI had better performance in NOR. We then investigated if these effects were due to novelty associated with mating. Male rats were exposed to mating-relevant stimuli and identified as sexually responsive (SR) or sexually non-responsive (SNR) based on a median split of engagement in mating with the stimulus female. We found that a brief history (10 min session daily for five consecutive days) of sexual history substantially influenced performance in the NOR task, such that SR males had better performance in the NOR task, but only when presented with the opportunity to mate during the ITI. As T levels substantially decrease with age in male rodents, we investigated whether the effects of long-term sexual experience (10 months) influenced neurosteroids and NOR performance in mid-aged (12 months old) males. Mid-aged SR males maintain neural T; however, they have decreased neural E2 and decreased cognitive performance at 12 months compared to mid-aged SNR rats. In sexually experienced rats, those with better cognitive performance had greater levels of T metabolites (e.g., 3α-Diol in mated SR males, E2 in mid-aged SNR rats). While naïve males that were mated during the ITI had better cognitive performance, T metabolites were decreased compared to controls. These findings suggest that T metabolites, but not the prohormone, may influence learning dependent on sexual proclivity, experience, and proximate opportunity to mate.
THE EFFECT OF ANESTHETIC TIME AND CONCENTRATION ON BLOOD GASES, ACID-BASE STATUS, AND ELECTROLYTES IN KOI (CYPRINUS CARPIO) ANESTHETIZED WITH BUFFERED TRICAINE METHANESULFONATE (MS-222)

Abstract: Anesthesia is commonly employed in aquatic medicine to facilitate physical exams, diagnostics, and surgical interventions. Tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) is the most commonly used anesthetic for fish and is currently the only anesthetic approved by the US Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine for food-producing fish. Despite the frequency of anesthetic procedures in fish, anesthetic monitoring remains rudimentary in many facilities. This study evaluated the impact on blood gases, acid-base balance, and electrolytes in koi (Cyprinus carpio) anesthetized at concentrations of 100 mg/L and 150 mg/L MS-222. Blood samples from 25 fish per treatment were collected at 5 and 20 min of anesthetic immersion. Forty-nine of 50 fish recovered uneventfully from anesthesia; one fish did not recover and was euthanatized. Results showed significant increases in partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) (P = 0.006) and hyperglycemia (P = <0.0001) with increasing anesthetic concentration and time under anesthesia and a significant decrease in partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) with increased anesthetic time (P = 0.021). There were several electrolyte changes observed with both increasing anesthetic time and concentration. All electrolytes except potassium remained within published reference ranges for koi, while potassium showed a significant decrease in concentration associated with anesthetic time and concentration. The results of this study indicate that MS-222 at 100 mg/L and 150 mg/L represent safe anesthetic concentrations for koi undergoing minimally invasive diagnostics; however, koi anesthetized with MS-222 at a concentration of 150 mg/L experienced more significant changes in blood gases, acid-base balance, and electrolyte concentrations.
Edge Assisted Object Detection for Mobile Application

Object detection for mobile devices is meaningful especially in the field of IoT. Limited by computing power and network transmission, it's challenging to get high accuracy in mobile object detection. To solve this question, this article designs a system that enables high accuracy object detection running at 30fps for 720p videos. The system employs the object tracking technique, uses the caching technique, decouples the rendering pipeline from the offloading pipeline, and uses dynamic RoI encoding technique to get high detection accuracy. The result of the experiment shows that it can get 88% detection success rate. And it can also increase the detection accuracy by 17.7% and decrease the bandwidth by 52.6%.
Transcriptional Patterns of Biogeochemically Relevant Marker Genes by Temperate Marine Bacteria

Environmental microbial gene expression patterns remain largely unexplored, particularly at interannual time scales. We analyzed the variability in the expression of marker genes involved in ecologically relevant biogeochemical processes at a temperate Atlantic site over two consecutive years. Most of nifH transcripts, involved in nitrogen (N) fixation, were affiliated with the symbiotic cyanobacterium Candidatus Atelocyanobacterium thalassa, suggesting a key role as N providers in this system. The expression of nifH and amoA (i.e., marker for ammonia oxidation) showed consistent maxima in summer and autumn, respectively, suggesting a temporal succession of these important N cycling processes. The patterns of expression of genes related to the oxidation of carbon monoxide (coxL) and reduced sulfur (soxB) were different from that of amoA, indicating alternate timings for these energy conservation strategies. We detected expression of alkaline phosphatases, induced under phosphorus limitation, in agreement with the reported co-limitation by this nutrient at the study site. In contrast, low-affinity phosphate membrane transporters (pit) typically expressed under phosphorus luxury conditions, were mainly detected in post-bloom conditions. Rhodobacteraceae dominated the expression of soxB, coxL and ureases, while Pelagibacteraceae dominated the expression of proteorhodopsins. Bacteroidetes and Gammaproteobacteria were major contributors to the uptake of inorganic nutrients (pit and amt transporters). Yet, in autumn, Thauma- and Euryarchaeota unexpectedly contributed importantly to the uptake of ammonia and phosphate, respectively. We provide new hints on the active players and potential dynamics of ecologically relevant functions in situ, highlighting the potential of metatranscriptomics to provide significant input to future omics-driven marine ecosystem assessment.
ASSOCIATION OF DIFFERENT RISK FACTORS WITH THE PREVALENCE OF BABESIOSIS IN CATTLE AND BUFFALOS

Bovine babesiosis (vernacular: Rut Mootra which means red-colored urine) is a tick-borne (Tb) parasitic disease of ruminants caused by Babesia species, a haemoprotozoan parasite including two predominant species i.e. bigemina and bovis. These species mostly affect cattle and buffalos and are prevalent worldwide (Jaimes-Duenez et al., 2017) with significant distribution in the tropical and subtropical areas of Africa, Asia, Australia, central and south America where tick (Acari: Ixodidae) infestation especially that of Rhipicephalus sp. (principal vector for B. bigemina) has been reported abundant. Other tick species reported as vectors for babesiosis are: Boophilus (B.) (Rhipicephalus) annulatus (Adham and Abd-El-Samie, 2009), B. decoloratus (Leeflang and Ilemobade, 1977), Hyalomma sp. (Dipeolu and Amoo, 1984) and Ixodes ricinus (Reye et al., 2010; Hildebrandt et al., 2010; Nijhof et al., 2010; Ionita et al., 2010; Katargina et al., 2011; Lempereur et al., 2012). Clinical presentation of the infected animals includes: fever, profound anemia and hemoglobinuria lasting up to 3 weeks (Radostits, 2007; El-Ashker et al., 2015) with modulated haematological and serum profile (Çöl and Uslu, 2006; 2007; Zulfiqar et al., 2012). In severe cases, death may occur within 24 h of the infection (Radostits, 2007). Direct losses of bovine babesiosis such as ill-thrift, abortion, mortality, meat and milk reduction and the cost of control measures can cause serious economic impact on the livestock and dairy industry (Benavides and Sacco, 2007). Field diagnosis of babesiosis can be done through clinical signs and presence of ticks on the animal (Kalume et al., 2009). In heavy infestation, confirmatory diagnosis can also be done through microscopy using Giemsa stain blood smears (Nasir et al., 2000; Alim et al., 2012; Alkareem et al., 2012; Atif et al., 2012b; Fakhar et al., 2012; JaimesDuenez et al., 2017). The advent of the DNA-based diagnostic techniques e.g. PCR and RLB have allowed the detection of piroplasms at low parasitemia. Pak. J. Agri. Sci., Vol. 57 (2), 517-524;2020 ISSN (Print) 0552-9034, ISSN (Online) 2076-0906 DOI: 10.21162/PAKJAS/19.8626 http://www.pakjas. com.pk
Physical, Chemical and Biological Effects on Soil Bacterial Dynamics in Microscale Models

Soil is populated by highly diverse microbial communities mediating important processes and functions. The distribution of microbes, however, is neither uniform nor random. Instead, it is dictated by physical, chemical, and biological processes and conditions and varying over small spatial and temporal scales. The feedbacks between these processes make the soil-microbe complex a self-organizing system capable of adapting to the continuously changing conditions mainly driven by the highly fluctuating water content. For making meaningful predictions on the spatiotemporal dynamics of soil microbes and their functions, we need to integrate knowledge from physics, chemistry, and biology in our modeling approaches. Here, we review modeling studies with a focus on spatiotemporal dynamics of bacteria and bacterial functions in soil microhabitats. We compare these studies along four dimensions: specific aim, model type (individual-based, population-based), scale, and considered physical, chemical, biological processes and aspects. A special emphasis is laid on modeling approaches considering processes and aspects influencing the spatial distribution of bacteria such as motility, vector-based dispersal and biofilm formation. This includes factors like soil structure, carbon and oxygen gradients, temporal variations in hydration conditions or anthropogenic disturbance events. By assessing the importance of different microscale bacterial processes, this review should contribute to the ongoing discussion on challenges related to the upscaling from the microscopic via the profile to the landscape scale. Recent technical advances to observe bacteria in soils or soil-like environments combined with multidisciplinary collaborations will help to shed light on currently understudied physical, chemical and biological interactions in the soil-microbe complex.
Biophilia and Biophobia as Emotional Attribution to Nature in Children of 5 Years Old

Introduction Connectedness to nature is a concept that reflects the emotional relationship between the self and the natural environment, based on the theory of biophilia, the innate predisposition to the natural environment. However, the biophobic component has largely been ignored, despite, given its adaptive functional role, being an essential part of the construct. If there is a phylogenetic component underlying nature connectedness, biophilic, and/or biophobic, there should be evidence of this record from early childhood. The main aim of this study is therefore to describe the emotional attributions identified in 5 years old. Methodology Two studies were conducted. In the first, 94 children expressed their concept of nature and made basic emotional attributions to a set of 30 images of natural, using a software designed for the study. In the second, 39 children repeated the procedure and provided explanations for their responses. Results The main results show that, in general, children use both positive and negative emotions, which may be related to a three-dimensional model of emotional attributions to nature. The most widely attributed emotion is happiness. However, fear is the second most common attribution. The role of happiness could be explained by a feeling of security and familiarity, while the importance of fear in nature could show an adaptive response of the fear of wild nature in children. This interpretation could be confirmed when analyzing specifically the emotional attributions, classifying the images according to biological and ecosystemic criteria. Thus, for example, more emotional attributions are explained by the “pleasantness” attributed to primary producers and landscapes (e.g., flora), versus attributions of “harm” to the images of secondary and tertiary consumers (e.g., hunters). Conclusion These results provide evidence in favor of a didactic procedure to study emotional attributions to images of nature in preschool children. They suggest the incorporation of biophobia as an important adaptive factor in connectedness to nature and a tripartite emotional hypothesis based on the valences of the attributed emotions.