Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MyoRing Implantation with and without Corneal Collagen Crosslinking for the Management of Keratoconus

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the safety and efficacy of femtosecond laser-assisted MyoRing implantation with concurrent corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) compared to MyoRing alone for the treatment of progressive keratoconus. Methods A total of 60 patients were enrolled in this randomized controlled trial. The patients were randomly allocated into two groups. In the first group, MyoRing was implanted, while in the second, it was inserted in the corneal stroma using the same technique, along with simultaneous CXL. Visual, refractive, topographic, and abberometric outcomes were measured preoperatively and at every postoperative visit. Results Data of 47 patients were available at the end of the study; 28 in the MyoRing group and 19 in the MyoRing + CXL group. The mean uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) improved from 0.79 ± 0.39 logMAR to 0.52 ± 0.31 logMAR (P < 0.05) in the MyoRing + CXL group and from 0.65 ± 0.38 logMAR to 0.62 ± 0.23 logMAR (P = 0.70) in the MyoRing group. CDVA changed from 0.33 ± 0.19 logMAR to 0.25 ± 0.16 logMAR (P = 0.10) in the MyoRing + CXL group and 0.32 ± 0.22 logMAR to 0.33 ± 0.17 logMAR (P > 0.50) in the MyoRing group. The mean keratometry (Km) decreased from 47.5 ± 2.7 D to 43.8 ± 3.2 D (P < 0.001) in the MyoRing group and 49.3 ± 3.4 D to 45.1 ± 3.0 D (P < 0.001) in the MyoRing + CXL group. Besides, horizontal coma was significantly lower in the MyoRing + CXL group (P = 0.022). Conclusion MyoRing insertion combined with CXL is a safe and effective method for the treatment of keratoconus. The visual and topographic outcomes were comparable to that for MyoRing insertion after 10 months; however, horizontal coma was significantly lower in the MyoRing + CXL group.
Hysteresis in the Normal Rate of Capacity Utilization: A Behavioral Explanation

Kaleckians describe a normal rate of capacity utilization that is subject to hysteresis effects. This means that the normal rate varies directly with the actual rate of capacity utilization, ensuring that steady-state equilibrium conditions in the Kaleckian model are fully adjusted (the actual and normal rates of capacity utilization are equalized) but without this last condition implying that the rate of capacity utilization is constant in the long run. The relationship between distribution and growth unique to the Kaleckian model is thus preserved. The hysteresis mechanism has been criticized from various quarters, however, these criticisms focusing on its alleged lack of behavioural foundations. This paper shows that consistent with the stylized facts, variation in the normal rate of capacity utilization in response to variation in the actual capacity utilization rate can be derived from the links between both variables and the volatility of the macroeconomic environment - volatility, in the presence of fundamental uncertainty, being an important reason why firms deliberately under-utilize capacity (even in the long run) in the first place. The result is an empirically-grounded behavioural foundation for hysteresis in the normal rate of capacity utilization.
The Evolving Distribution of Relative Humidity Conditional Upon Daily Maximum Temperature in a Warming Climate

The impacts of heat waves in a warming climate depend not only on changing temperatures but also on changing humidity. Using 35 simulations from the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble (CESM LENS), we investigate the long‐term evolution of the joint distribution of summer relative humidity (RH) and daily maximum temperature (Tmax) near four U.S. cities (New York City, Chicago, Phoenix, and New Orleans) under the high‐emissions Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5. We estimate the conditional quantiles of RH given Tmax with quantile regression models, using functions of temperature for each city in July for three time periods (1990–2005, 2026–2035, and 2071–2080). Quality‐of‐fit diagnostics indicate that these models accurately estimate conditional quantiles for each city. As expected, each quantile of Tmax increases from 1990–2005 to 2071–2080, while mean RH decreases modestly. Conditional upon a fixed quantile of Tmax, the median and high quantiles of RH decrease, while those of the Heat Index (HI) and dew point both increase. This result suggests that, despite a modest decrease in median relative humidity, heat stress measured by metrics considering both humidity and temperature in a warming climate will increase faster than that measured by temperatures alone would indicate. For a fixed Tmax, the high quantiles of RH (and thus of HI and dew point) increase from 1990–2005 to 2071–2080 in all four cities. This result suggests that the heat stress of a day at a given Tmax will increase in a warming climate due to the increase of RH.
西罗莫司联合钙调磷酸酶抑制剂治疗糖皮质激素耐药/依赖广泛型慢性移植物抗宿主病临床观察

目的 观察西罗莫司联合钙调磷酸酶抑制剂（CNI）治疗糖皮质激素耐药/依赖广泛型慢性移植物抗宿主病（cGVHD）的疗效和安全性。 方法 选择糖皮质激素治疗耐药/依赖的cGVHD患者，给予西罗莫司联合环孢素A/他克莫司治疗。 结果 ①入组患者27例，男17例，女10例，中位年龄36（19～56）岁。 急性髓系白血病13例，急性淋巴细胞白血病4例，慢性髓性白血病4例，骨髓增生异常综合征3例，淋巴瘤1例，再生障碍性贫血1例，阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症1例。 HLA全相合同胞或亲缘供者移植14例，HLA全相合无关供者移植2例，HLA不全相合同胞或亲缘供者移植11例。 ②患者中位服药时间为14. 2个月，中位随访时间20. 1（12.9～46.1）个月。 ③随访6个月时，完全缓解（CR）3例，部分缓解（PR）12例，总反应率（ORR）为55. 6％，6个月时无病生存率（PFS-6）、总生存率（OS-6）分别为88. 9％（24/27）、100％。 ④随访12个月时，CR 5例，PR 11例，ORR为59. 3％，PFS-12为62. 9％（17/27），OS-12为100％。 ⑤亚组分析发现该方案对男供者的cGVHD更有效，对治疗口腔、皮肤、肝脏cGVHD疗效较好。 ⑥不良反应：新发高脂血症3例，血糖升高1例，腹胀/腹泻4例，口腔溃疡2例，血尿1例，药物性肝损伤1例，细菌感染3例，真菌感染3例，带状疱疹2例，均为1～2级，无新增巨细胞病毒、EB病毒感染。 结论 西罗莫司联合CNI治疗糖皮质激素耐药/依赖广泛型cGVHD的疗效及安全性较好，适合cGVHD的长期治疗。
A complex garment assembly line balancing using simulation‐based optimization

The nascent wave of disruptive competition in the current business environment brought about by the fourth industrial revolution (Fashion 4.0 or Apparel 4.0) is enormous. Therefore, it is important for the apparel industry to be flexible enough to respond quickly to the unstable customers' demand through continuous improvement of their process efficiency and productivity. This study proposed assembly line balancing problem (ALBP) for complex garment assembly line using simulation‐based optimization under stochastic task times. The proposed ALBP solution approach aimed at minimizing the cycle time for a given number of workstations with consideration of constraints on number of resources, precedence relations, and resource types. The empirical study was conducted at Southern Range Nyanza Limited (NYTIL) garment facility and a complex trouser assembly line with 69 workstations was considered. The discrete event simulation of the trouser assembly line was developed using Arena simulation software. The local optimal solution was obtained from simulation experiments which was adopted for the optimization process. The OptQuest tool was used to solve a single objective optimization with discrete control values. The results showed that the average throughput increased by 30% for local optimal line balancing and 55% for global optimal line balancing. Consequently, the cycle time reduced by 23% and 36%, respectively.
Abundance and viability of particle-attached and free-floating bacteria in dusty and nondusty air

Abstract. Widespread bacteria are a major proportion of bioaerosols and their coexistence with dust enables both types of aerosols more active in ice cloud formation and harmful to public health. However, the abundance and viability of particle-attached and free-floating bacteria in dusty air have not been quantitatively investigated. We researched this subject based on the fact that airborne bacterial cells are approximately 1 μm or smaller; therefore, particle-attached bacteria should occur in aerosol samples of particles larger than 1 μm, and free-floating bacteria should occur among particles smaller than 1 μm. Our observations at a coastal site in Japan in spring, when the westerlies frequently blew dust there from the Asian continent, revealed that particle-attached bacteria in dust episodes, at the concentration of 3.2 ± 2.1 × 105 cells m−3, occupied 72 ± 9 % in the total bacteria. In contrast, the fraction was 56 ± 17 % during nondust periods and the concentration was 1.1 ± 0.7 × 105 cells m−3. The viability, defined as the ratio of viable cells to total cells, of particle-attached bacteria was 69 ± 19 % in dust episodes and 60 ± 22 % during nondust periods, both of which were considerably lower than the viabilities of free-floating bacteria (about 87 %) under either dusty or nondust conditions. The present cases suggest that dust particles carried substantial bacteria on their surfaces, more than half of which were viable, and spread these bacteria in the atmosphere. This implies that dust and bacteria have nonnegligible roles as internally mixed assemblages in various atmospheric processes and in linking geographically isolated microbial communities, as well as have synergistic effect on human health.
The dynamics of thin sheets of fluid. III. Disintegration of fluid sheets

The free edge of a sheet of uniform thickness moves into it at the same speed, (2T/ρt)½, as antisymmetrical waves, sweeping the fluid into roughly cylindrical borders. Here T, ρ and t are surface tension, density and thickness of the sheet. In a radially expanding sheet t decreases with increasing radius and beyond a radius R where (2T/ρt)½ is greater than u the radial velocity of the sheet, the edge moves inwards faster than it is convected outwards. Photographs show that the edge of an expanding sheet establishes itself near but inside the radius R. The sheet produced by a swirl atomizer expands as a cone but photographs show that its thickness fluctuates very greatly at the point where it emerges from the orifice. The edge of a conical sheet of varying thickness establishes itself at a point well inside the radius at which (2T/ρt)½ = u,t being the mean thickness. A moving sheet of uniform thickness can be bounded by a stationary free edge at angle sin-1 (W½) to the direction of motion. Here W, the Weber number, is 2T/ρtu2. Photographs show free edges at this angle and therefore parallel to antisymmetrical waves. If this remained true in an expanding sheet the edges would coincide with the cardioids discussed in part II, but reasons are given to show that this is not the case. A small obstacle can divide an expanding sheet forming two edges which lie at the same angle to one another as the two cardioids, namely, 2 sin-1 (W½) but photographs show that these edges do not subsequently lie on cardioids.
Appendicular Osteology of Concavenator corcovatus (Theropoda; Carcharodontosauridae; Early Cretaceous; Spain)

ABSTRACT The holotype of Concavenator corcovatus (MCCM-LH 6666) is a carcharodontosaurid skeleton from the Lower Cretaceous Las Hoyas fossil site in Spain. The appendicular skeleton of Concavenator is the most complete for any Carcharodontosauridae, with only a few regions absent. We describe the limb osteology of Concavenator and carry out an anatomical comparison with other theropods. The results show that Concavenator presents several allosauroid and carcharodontosaurid synapomorphies. Concavenator shares with other allosauroids symmetric glenoid rims of the scapulacoracoid, a canted orientation of the proximal and distal humeral ends, an anterior position of the humeral condyle on the distal end, a long manus relative to the forearm, curved ungual phalanges, a posteriorly broad brevis fossa in the ilium, a reduced ischial tuberosity, a posterior flange on the iliac peduncle of the ischium, and a reduced distal tubercle in the ischium. A concavity on the middle of the proximomedial surface of the humeral head is postulated as a new synapomorphy of carcharodontosaurids. We propose some autapomorphies of Concavenator regarding the length of the phalanges of digit III, the height of the olecranon process relative to ulna length, the proportions of the deltopectoral crest, and the projection of the preacetabular hook in the ilium. The osteological description of the complete appendicular skeleton of Concavenator provides some novelties in the limbs of carcharodontosaurids and is relevant to understanding its general phylogenetic relationships.
Cultivation practice on nitrate, lead and cadmium contents of vegetables and potential health risks in children

ABSTRACT Cultivation practices can affect chemical contaminant levels in vegetables. The objectives of this study were to determine nitrate, lead and cadmium contents in vegetables grown under different cultivation practices, and to evaluate the potential health risks of nitrate, lead and cadmium intake from vegetable consumption on children. Leafy vegetables especially those in the Brassicaceae family contained higher levels of nitrate, lead and cadmium than those of other vegetables. Nitrate contents of most leafy vegetables grown under organic and GAP cultivation were lower than those grown with conventional production. Lead and cadmium levels of most crops were similar for organic, GAP and conventional vegetables indicating that growing practice may not be the main factor influencing their presence on vegetables. Nitrate, lead and cadmium contents in vegetables grown in the Central Thailand did not exceed international standards assuring safe domestic consumption and allowing them to be competitive in international trade.
Rice false smut detection based on faster R-CNN

Rice false smut is one of the most dangerous diseases in rice at the ripening phase caused by Ustilaginoidea Virens. It is one of the most important grain diseases in rice production worldwide. Its epidemics not only lead to yield loss but also reduce grain quality because of multiple mycotoxins generated by the causative pathogen. The pathogen infects developing spikelets and specifically converts individual grain into rice false smut ball. Rice false smut balls seem to be randomly formed in some grains on a panicle of a plant in the paddy field. In this study, we suggest a novel approach for the detection of rice false smut based on faster R-CNN. The process of faster R-CNN comprises regional proposal generation and object detection. The both tasks are done in same convolutional network. Because of such design it is faster for object detection. The faster R-CNN is able to detect the RFS using rectangular labelling from on-field images. The proposed approach is the initial steps to make a prototype for the automatic detection of RFS.
Integration of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Motion Within Hydrodynamic Models

Aquatic models used for both freshwater and marine systems frequently need to account for submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) due to its influence on flow and water quality. Despite its importance, parameterizations are generally adopted that simplify feedbacks from SAV, such as canopy properties (e.g., considering the deflected vegetation height) and the bulk friction coefficient. This study reports the development of a fine‐scale non‐hydrostatic model that demonstrates the two‐way effects of SAV motion interaction with the flow. An object‐oriented approach is applied to capture the multiphase phenomena, whereby a leaf‐scale SAV model based on a discrete element method is combined with a flow dynamics model to resolve stresses from currents and waves. The model is verified through application to a laboratory‐scale seagrass bed. A force balance analysis revealed that leaf elasticity and buoyancy are the most significant components influencing the horizontal and vertical momentum equations, respectively. The sensitivity of canopy‐scale bulk friction coefficients to water depth, current speeds, and vegetation density of seagrass was explored. Deeper water was also shown to lead to a smaller decrease in vegetation height. The model approach can contribute to improving assessment of processes influencing water quality, sediment stabilization, carbon sequestration, and SAV restoration, thereby supporting an understanding of how waterways and coasts will respond to changes brought about by development and a changing climate.
A multi-year time series of observation-based 3D horizontal and vertical quasi-geostrophic global ocean currents

Abstract. Estimates of 3D ocean circulation are needed to improve our understanding of ocean dynamics and to assess their impact on marine ecosystems and Earth climate. Here we present the OMEGA3D product, an observation-based time series of (quasi-)global 3D ocean currents covering the 1993–2018 period, developed by the Italian Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche within the European Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS). This dataset was obtained by applying a diabatic quasi-geostrophic (QG) diagnostic model to the data-driven CMEMS-ARMOR3D weekly reconstruction of temperature and salinity as well as ERA Interim fluxes. Outside the equatorial band, vertical velocities were retrieved in the upper 1500 m at 1∕4 ∘ nominal resolution and successively used to compute the horizontal ageostrophic components. Root mean square differences between OMEGA3D total horizontal velocities and totally independent drifter observations at two different depths (15 and 1000 m) decrease with respect to corresponding estimates obtained from zero-order geostrophic balance, meaning that estimated vertical velocities can also be deemed reliable. OMEGA3D horizontal velocities are also closer to drifter observations than velocities provided by a set of reanalyses spanning a comparable time period but based on data assimilation in ocean general circulation numerical models. The full OMEGA3D product (released on 31 March 2020) is available upon free registration at https://doi.org/10.25423/cmcc/multiobs_glo_phy_w_rep_015_007 (Buongiorno Nardelli, 2020a). The reduced subset used here for validation and review purposes is openly available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3696885 (Buongiorno Nardelli, 2020b).
Age–Income Dynamics over the Life Course: Cohort Transition Patterns in Relative Income Based on Canadian Tax Returns

Abstract:Les auteurs s'intéressent aux profils de vieillissement et de progression des revenus des cohortes. Ils explorent la dynamique âge-progression des revenus en utilisant des matrices de transitions situationnelles, analysent différentes définitions de la cohorte et proposent une cohorte transversale artificielle basée sur les matrices de transitions. Ils ont recours, dans leurs applications, aux données sur les revenus des particuliers tirées de la base de données administratives longitudinales de Statistique Canada. Le revenu relatif renvoie, par définition, à la situation d'un particulier ayant un âge donné dans la distribution globale des revenus d'une année donnée. Les auteurs dérivent la répartition proportionnelle des particuliers dans chaque décile à chaque âge représentatif, à partir de l'âge de 24 ans, et les matrices de transitions rendent compte ensuite des mouvements entre la distribution à un âge donné et la distribution cinq ans plus tard.Abstract:This article is concerned with patterns of cohort aging and income progression. We explore the dynamics of age–income progression through the use of state transition matrices, consider alternative cohort definitions, and introduce an artificial cross-sectional cohort based on the transition matrices. Our applications make use of individual income records from Statistics Canada's Longitudinal Administrative Database. Relative income is defined by how an individual of a given age is positioned in the overall distribution of income in a given year. We derive the proportionate distribution of individuals in each decile group at each representative age, starting at age 24, and the transition matrices then show the movements from the distribution at one age to the distribution five years later.
Mental health disorders and alcohol misuse among UK military veterans and the general population: a comparison study

Abstract Background For a small minority of personnel, military service can have a negative impact on their mental health. Yet no studies have assessed how the mental health of UK veterans (who served during the recent operations in Afghanistan or Iraq) compares to non-veterans, to determine if they are at a disadvantage. We examine the prevalence of mental disorders and alcohol misuse in UK veterans compared to non-veterans. Methods Veteran data were taken from the third phase of the King's Centre for Military Health Research cohort study (n = 2917). These data were compared with data on non-veterans taken from two large general population surveys: 2014 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (n = 5871) and wave 6 of the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS, n = 22 760). Results We found that, overall, UK veterans who served at the time of recent military operations were more likely to report a significantly higher prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) (23% v. 16%), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (8% v. 5%) and alcohol misuse (11% v. 6%) than non-veterans. Stratifying by gender showed that the negative impact of being a veteran on mental health and alcohol misuse was restricted to male veterans. Being ill or disabled was associated with a higher prevalence of CMD and PTSD for both veterans and non-veterans. Conclusion Whilst the same sociodemographic groups within the veteran and non-veteran populations seemed to have an increased risk of mental health problems (e.g. those who were unemployed), male veterans, in particular, appear to be at a distinct disadvantage compared to those who have never served.
High-fidelity multistate stimulated Raman adiabatic passage assisted by shortcut fields

Multistate stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) is a process which allows for adiabatic population transfer between the two ends of a chainwise-connected quantum system. The process requires large temporal areas of the driving pulsed fields (pump and Stokes) in order to suppress the nonadiabatic couplings and thereby to make adiabatic evolution possible. To this end, in the present paper a variation of multistate STIRAP, which accelerates and improves the population transfer, is presented. In addition to the usual pump and Stokes fields it uses shortcut fields applied between the states, which form the dark state of the system. The shortcuts cancel the couplings between the dark state and the other adiabatic states thereby resulting (in the ideal case) in a unit transition probability between the two end states of the chain. Specific examples of five-state systems formed of the magnetic sublevels of the transitions between two degenerate levels with angular momenta ${J}_{g}=2$ (of ground or lower level) and ${J}_{e}=1$ or ${J}_{e}=2$ (of excited or upper level) are considered in detail, for which the shortcut fields are derived analytically. The proposed method is simpler than the usual ``shortcuts to adiabaticity'' recipe, which prescribes shortcut fields between all states of the system, while the present proposal uses shortcut fields between the sublevels forming the dark state only. The results are of potential interest in applications where high-fidelity quantum control is essential, e.g., quantum information, atom optics, formation of ultracold molecules, cavity QED, etc.
Sea Ice Formation in a Coupled Climate Model Including Grease Ice

Sea ice formation processes occur on subgrid scales, and the detailed physics describing the processes are therefore not generally represented in climate models. One likely consequence of this is the premature closing of areas of open water in model simulations, which may result in a misrepresentation of heat and gas exchange between the ocean and atmosphere. This work demonstrates the implementation of a more realistic model of sea ice formation, introducing grease ice as a wind and oceanic stress‐dependent intermediary state between water and new sea ice. We use the fully coupled land‐atmosphere‐ocean‐sea ice model, HadGEM3‐GC3.1 and perform a three‐member ensemble with the new grease ice scheme from 1964 to 2013. Comparing our sea ice results with the existing ensemble without grease ice formation shows an increase in sea ice thickness and volume in the Arctic. In the Antarctic, including grease ice processes results in large local changes to both simulated sea ice concentration and thickness, but no change to the total area or volume.