Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Magnesium: A Mineral Essential for Health Yet Generally Underestimated or Even Ignored

Magnesium is the fourth most common mineral in the human body after calcium, potassium and sodium. Magnesium must be continuously replenished through foods and water intake because it is not synthesizable. Chronic inadequate intake of magnesium over long period of time can manifest as latent magnesium deficiency with symptoms such as muscle weakness, cramps, fatigue, neurological and cardiovascular dysfunctions, reduced bone mineralization and strength. Reports published by WHO have estimated that ~two thirds of Americans and French have magnesium intake below the recommended amounts but only a small numbers are overtly depleted. The authorities in Finland were concerned of the negative impact of geochemical magnesium deficiency in the eastern region of Finland and its adverse effect on heart health. A program was initiated to increase magnesium intake though supplementation; this has contributed to progressive fall of death rate due to heart-related issues. Restoring and sustaining adequate magnesium store are easy and inexpensive. Some 40% of total body magnesium is intracellular and ~60% in bone and teeth with less than 1% in circulation. Intracellular magnesium deficiency may or may not be reflected as overt hypomagnesaemia making measurement of plasma/serum magnesium potentially misleading when “normal” plasma/serum concentration is “interpreted” to exclude deficiency. In this review, the role of magnesium at cellular level, its homeostasis and major clinical conditions associated with magnesium deficiency in adults will be briefly discussed. Assessment of magnesium status and its potential deficiency by examining individual’s “modus vivendi” and/or the use of laboratory tests will be highlighted. Finally, various therapeutic modalities and monitoring of treatment will be summarized.
SVC and CAS Combining Scheme for Support Multi-Device Watching Environment*

CAS used in IPTV or DTV has an environment of sending single type of contents through single streaming. But it can be improved to support users’ various video applications through single streaming by combining with SVC. For such an environment, efficiency should be firstly considered, and hierarchical key management methods for billing policy by service levels should be applied. This study aims to look into considerations to apply SVC to CAS and propose SVC encryption in CAS environment. The security of the proposed scheme is based on the safety of CAS and oneway hash function. If the proposed scheme is applied, scalability can be efficiently provided even in the encrypted contents and it is possible to bill users according to picture quality. In addition, the test resul ts show that SVC contents given by streaming service with the average less than 10%overhead can be safely protected against illegal uses.
Framework for Building Situation-Aware Ubiquitous Services in Smart Home Environments

The increasing spread of computing technology in different areas of life brings with it new possibilities but also challenges for scientists in various disciplines of computer science. With the help of connected devices we can create smart environments that assist the user in many ways. The miniaturization of sensors and actuators that are integrated into everyday devices enable a gradual paradigm shift in the direction of "ubiquitous computing". In particular, our own living environment increasingly becomes the focus of our attention. Flats and houses become so-called smart homes. The goal of these smart homes is support the inhabitants to more comfort, safety and energy efficiency. Multiple technologies support this approach; however, there is a lack of a unified framework that addresses the challenges. The key challenges are the integration of different devices using different communication technologies and protocols, the acquisition of information from the environment and their aggregated provisioning, and the generation of intuitively usable service. This dissertation is concerned with research, development and evaluation of situationaware ubiquitous services for smart homes. We have performed an in-depth analysis of the market, the technologies and application areas for ubiquitous services for smart homes. Based on this analysis we have identified three main components for the implementation of smart homes, supporting the implementation of ubiquitous services. These components reduce the resulting complexity for software developers and focus
The effect of tezosentan, a non‐selective endothelin receptor antagonist, on shear stress‐induced changes in arterial diameter of the anaesthetized dog

The effects of changes in the mean (Sm) and pulsatile (Sp) components of arterial wall shear stress on arterial dilatation of the iliac artery of the anaesthetized dog were examined in the absence and presence of the endothelin receptor antagonist tezosentan (10 mg kg−1 I.V.; Ro 61‐0612; [5‐isopropyl‐pyridine‐2‐sulphonic acid 6‐(2‐hydroxy‐ethoxy)‐5‐(2‐methoxy‐phenoxy)‐2‐(2‐1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl‐pyridin‐4‐yl)‐pyrimidin‐4‐ylamide]). Changes in shear stress were brought about by varying local peripheral resistance and stroke volume using a distal infusion of acetylcholine and stimulation of the left ansa subclavia. An increase in Sm from 1.81 ± 0.3 to 7.29 ± 0.7 N m−2 (means ± S.E.M.) before tezosentan caused an endothelium‐dependent arterial dilatation which was unaffected by administration of tezosentan for a similar increase in Sm from 1.34 ± 0.6 to 5.76 ± 1.4 N m−2 (means ± S.E.M.). In contrast, increasing the Sp from 7.1 ± 0.8 to a maximum of 11.5 ± 1.1 N m−2 (means ± S.E.M.) before tezosentan reduced arterial diameter significantly. Importantly, after administration of tezosentan subsequent increases in Sp caused arterial dilatation for the same increase in Sp achieved prior to tezosentan, increasing from a baseline of 4.23 ± 0.4 to a maximum of 9.03 ± 0.9 N m−2 (means ± S.E.M.; P < 0.001). In conclusion, the results of this study provide the first in vivo evidence that pulsatile shear stress is a stimulus for the release of endothelin from the vascular endothelium.
Study of the influence of the anisotropy of the mechanical properties of the material on the distribution of ultrasonic vibrations disk radiators

The article investigates the influence of the anisotropy of the mechanical properties of the material on the distribution of ultrasonic vibrations of disk radiators for creating high-intensity vibrations in the gas-dispersed environments. As a result, studies show that at 4.5% reduction in anisotropy occurs uniform oscillation amplitude is more than 5 times.
Lgl mediates apical domain disassembly by suppressing the PAR-3-aPKC-PAR-6 complex to orient apical membrane polarity

The basolateral tumor suppressor protein Lgl is important for the regulation of epithelial cell polarity and tissue morphology. Recent studies have shown a physical and functional interaction of Lgl with another polarity-regulating protein machinery, the apical PAR-3-aPKC-PAR-6 complex, in epithelial cells. However, the mechanism of Lgl-mediated regulation of epithelial cell polarity remains obscure. By an siRNA method, we here show that endogenous Lgl is required for the disassembly of apical membrane domains in depolarizing MDCK cells induced by Ca2+ depletion. Importantly, this Lgl function is mediated by the suppression of the apical PAR-3-aPKC-PAR-6 complex activity. Analysis using 2D- or 3D-cultured cells in collagen gel suggests the importance of this suppressive regulation of Lgl on the collagen-mediated re-establishment of apical membrane domains and lumen formation. These results indicate that basolateral Lgl plays a crucial role in the disassembly of apical membrane domains to induce the orientation of apical membrane polarity, which is mediated by the suppression of apical PAR-3-aPKC-PAR-6 complex activity.
Design and Development of Parking Guidance Information System Based on Web and GIS Technology

Taking full advantage of the Internet and modern wireless communication technology, a solution to the current parking problems existing in China's metropolitan cities was proposed based on the parking guidance information system using Web and GIS technology. After thoroughly analyzing the functions and their correspondent module structures, this paper provides both overall and detailed designs using Visual C++ 6.0 and MapXtreme, a product of Mapinfo Corp., as the development platform of Web GIS. In the meantime, this paper also offers the design of database, parking infrastructure information collection method, information processing system, information inquiry and user interface, respectively. At last, implementation steps are given in this paper
Changes in causes of death in systemic sclerosis, 1972–2002

Background: Survival of scleroderma has changed since the renal crisis treatment has become possible. Aims: To document the changes in survival and organ system causes of mortality in systemic sclerosis (SSc) over the past 25 years in patients from a single medical centre. Methods: Consecutive patients evaluated at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA between 1 January 1972 and 31 December 1996 were studied. Survival was determined in five 5-year time periods between 1972 and 1997. Causes of death included scleroderma-related (scleroderma renal crisis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis (PF), gastrointestinal (GI), heart and multiorgan failure) and non-scleroderma-related (cancer, atherosclerotic cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease, infection, sudden death, other and unknown) causes. Results: The 10-year survival improved steadily from 54% to 66% during each of the time intervals. There was a significant improvement in survival for patients during 1982–91 compared with those during 1972–81 (p<0.001), even when patients with renal crisis were excluded (p<0.005). The frequency of deaths due to renal crisis significantly decreased over the 30-year time period, from 42% to 6% of scleroderma-related deaths (p<0.001), whereas the proportion of patients with scleroderma who died of PF increased from 6% to 33% (p<0.001). The frequency of pulmonary hypertension, independent of PF, also significantly increased during this time period (p<0.05). There were no changes in scleroderma GI- and heart-related deaths, nor in any of the non-scleroderma-related causes, although patients with scleroderma were less likely to die from scleroderma-related problems in the past 15 years. Conclusion: The change in the pattern of scleroderma-related deaths over the past 30 years demonstrates that the lung (both pulmonary hypertension and PF) is the primary cause of scleroderma-related deaths today. It is important that aggressive searches continue to develop better therapies for these severe pulmonary complications of SSc.
A Transformerless Back-To-Back (BTB) System Using Modular Multilevel Cascade Converters For Power Distribution Systems

This paper presents an intensive discussion on a transformerless back-to-back (BTB) system using modular multilevel cascade converters based on double-star chopper cells (MMCC-DSCC). It is expected to be applied to a power distribution system with many distributed power generators. This paper designs, constructs, and tests a three-phase 200-V, 10-kW DSCC-based BTB system installed on a 200-V, 40-kW power distribution simulator consisting of two radial feeders. Experimental results show that the BTB system can mitigate power-flow imbalance between the two feeders. Moreover, the zero-sequence current circulating between the two feeders can be suppressed to be as small as 10 mA (0.02%) in rms by connecting a common-mode choke to the common dc link of the BTB system.
linical effectiveness of direct anterior estorations — A meta-analysis

Objectives. This is the first meta-analysis on the efficacy of composite resin restorations in anterior teeth. The objective of the present meta-analysis was to verify whether specific material classes, tooth conditioning methods and operational procedures influence the result for Class III and Class IV restorations. Material and methods. The database SCOPUS and PubMed were searched for clinical trials on anterior resin composites without restricting the search to the year of publication. The inclusion criteria were: (1) prospective clinical trial with at least 2 years of observation; (2) minimal number of restorations at last recall = 20; (3) report on drop-out rate; (4) report of operative technique and materials used in the trial, and (5) utilization of Ryge or modified Ryge evaluation criteria. For the statistical analysis, a linear mixed model was used with random effects to account for the heterogeneity between the studies. p-Values smaller than 0.05 were considered to be significant. Results. Of the 84 clinical trials, 21 studies met the inclusion criteria, 14 of them for Class III restorations, 6 for Class IV restorations and 1 for closure of diastemata; the latter was included in the Class IV group. Twelve of the 21 studies started before 1991 and 18 before 2001. The estimated median overall success rate (without replacement) after 10 years for Class III composite resin restorations was 95% and for Class IV restorations 90%. The main reason for the replacement of Class IV restorations was bulk fractures, which occurred significantly more frequently with microfilled composites than with hybrid and macrofilled composites. Caries adjacent to restorations was infrequent in most studies and accounted only for about 2.5% of all replaced restorations after 10 years irrespective of the cavity class. Class III restorations with glass ionomer derivates suffered significantly more loss of anatomical form than did fillings with other types of material. When the enamel was acid-etched and no bonding agent was applied, significantly more restorations showed marginal staining and detectable margins compared to enamel etching with enamel bonding or the total etch technique; fillings with self-etching systems were in between of these two outcome variables. Bevelling of the enamel was associated with a significantly reduced deterioration of ∗ Corresponding author at: Ivoclar Vivadent, Bendererstr. 2, 9494 Schaan, Liechtenstein. Tel. : +423 235 3570; fax: +423 233 1279. E-mail address: siegward.heintze@ivoclarvivadent.com (S.D. Heintze). ttp://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.dental. 2015.01. 015 109-5641/© 2015 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 482 d e n t a l m a t e r i a l s 3 1 ( 2 0 1 5 ) 481–495 the anatomical form compared to no bevelling but not with less marginal staining or less detectable margins. The type of isolation (absolute/relative) had a statistically significant influence on marginal caries which, however, might be a random finding. © 2015 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Differential expression of cell adhesion molecules in variants of K1735 melanoma cells differing in metastatic capacity

We have investigated the expression of 2 neural‐cell adhesion molecules, NCAM and L1, in K1735‐C116 and ‐M1 melanoma cells which differ qualitatively in their metastatic potential, i.e., M1 cells are metastatic whereas C116 cells are not. We have found that NCAM in C116 cells are expressed as 2 quantitatively major glycosylated polypeptides with Mr of 145,000 and 120,000 and a minor 190,000 Mr polypeptide, whereas M1 cells expressed NCAM as 3 glycosylated polypeptides with Mr of 200,000, 140,000 and 120,000. The amount of NCAM in M1 cells constituted only 60% of the amount observed in C116 cells. In C116 cells, the 145,000 and 120,000 Mr NCAM polypeptides were sulphated whereas NCAM did not appear to be sulphated in M1 cells. No phosphorylation of NCAM in the 2 cell lines was observed. L1 was expressed as a phosphorylated glycoprotein with Mr of 210,000 in M1 cells whereas no L1 expression was observed in C116 cells. L1 was not sulphated in M1 cells.
Conflict of interest in the assessment of thromboprophylaxis after total joint arthroplasty: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND The choice of modalities for thromboprophylaxis after total joint arthroplasty is controversial. To address this issue, an evidence-based review of previous studies was performed. The characteristics of the studies selected for review can affect the final conclusion of an evidence-based review. One such characteristic, financial conflict of interest related to medical research, is a widespread concern. The purpose of the present study was to determine what proportion of studies on thromboprophylaxis after total joint arthroplasty were sponsored by industry and whether the assessments of thromboprophylaxis after total joint arthroplasty were associated with industry support. METHODS We searched PubMed for prospective, original, English-language studies, published from 2004 to 2010, on thromboprophylaxis after total joint arthroplasty. The funding sources of the articles were reviewed, and qualitative conclusions regarding the modality of interest for thromboprophylaxis after total joint arthroplasty were classified as being favorable, neutral, or unfavorable. RESULTS Seventy-one eligible articles were identified; fifty-two were funded by industry, and fourteen were not. The other five studies did not include information about the funding source. A significant association was observed between the funding source and qualitative conclusions (p = 0.033). Only two (3.8%) of the fifty-two industry-sponsored studies had unfavorable conclusions, whereas three (21.4%) of the fourteen non-industry-sponsored studies indicated that, depending on the clinical scenario, the modality examined was neither effective nor safe. CONCLUSIONS Most studies on thromboprophylaxis after total joint arthroplasty are sponsored by industry. Moreover, the qualitative conclusions in those studies are favorable to the use of the sponsored prophylactic agent.
Further evaluation of animal systemic insecticides, 1965.

Additional data on effectiveness of eight systemically active insecticides about which preliminary data was reported in 1960 and results of screening tests and preliminary tests against cattle grubs (Hypoderma spp.) of another 25 systemically active insecticides are presented. The most effective insecticide treatments against grubs at dosages tolerated by cattle were: Amer. Cyanamid CL-38023 ( O,O -dimethyl O -p-(dimethylsulfumoyl)phenyl phosphorothioate), 25 mg. /kg. intramuscular; Bayer 37341 ( O,O -diethyl O -4-methyltllio-3,5-xylyl phosphorothioate), 25 mg. /kg. drench and 0.5% spray; Bayer 37342 ( O,O -dimethyl O -(3,5-dimethyl-4-methylthiophenyl) phosphorothioate), 100 and 25 mg. /kg, by capsule, 25 mg. /kg, intramuscular, 0.5% spray, and 2% pour-on; butonate ( O,O -dimethyl 2,2,2-trichloro-1-n-butyryloxy-ethyl phosphonate), 25 mg. /kg, a day in feed for 5 days; Ruelene® ( O -4-tert-butyl-2-chlorophenyl O -methyl methylphosphoramidate), 10 mg. /kg, intramuscular and subcutaneous; and Stauffer R-1504 ( O,O -dimethyl S -phthalimidomethyl phosphorodithioate), 50 mg. /kg. by capsule.
Synaptic depression in associative memory networks

We analyze the effects of synaptic depression on the stability of patterns stored in neural networks with low activity level. Applying mean-field theory we show that the stationary states remain unaffected by the synaptic depression. However the stability of memory patterns changes drastically causing a reduction of memory capacity. Further, it is demonstrated and confirmed by numerical calculations that the sensitivity of the network to input changes is enhanced.
Root exudation of sugars, amino acids, and organic acids by maize as affected by nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and iron deficiency

Root exudates play a major role in the mobilization of sparingly soluble nutrients in the rhizosphere. Since the amount and composition of major metabolites in root exudates from one plant species have not yet been systematically compared under different nutrient deficiencies, relations between exudation patterns and the type of nutrient being deficient remain poorly understood. Comparing root exudates from axenically grown maize plants exposed to N, K, P, or Fe deficiency showed a higher release of glutamate, glucose, ribitol, and citrate from Fe-deficient plants, while P deficiency stimulated the release of c-aminobutyric acid and carbohydrates. Potassium-starved plants released less sugars, in particular glycerol, ribitol, fructose, and maltose, while under N deficiency lower amounts of amino acids were found in root exudates. Principal-component analysis revealed a clear separation in the variation of the root-exudate composition between Fe or P deficiency versus N or K deficiency in the first principal component, which explained 46% of the variation in the data. In addition, a negative correlation was found between the amounts of sugars, organic and amino acids released under deficiency of a certain nutrient and the diffusion coefficient of the respective nutrient in soils. We thus hypothesize that the release of dominant root exudates such as sugars, amino acids, and organic acids by roots may reflect an ancient strategy to cope with limiting nutrient supply.
A Microelectrothermal Bridge Circuit With Complementary Parameter Estimation Algorithm for Direct Measurement of Thermal Conductivity

We describe a novel microelectrothermal test structure and a complementary data analysis algorithm for direct measurement of the thermal conductivity of metallic thin films and nanowires. The device is a thermal analog of an electrical bridge circuit, such as the Wheatstone bridge, as is commonly used to measure electrical impedance. The microelectrothermal bridge circuit addresses the problem of parasitic heat loss to supporting structures-a major obstacle to direct measurement of thermal properties. A nonlinear least-squares parameter extraction method developed specifically for the thermal bridge circuit further reduces the influence of unmodeled heat paths and accounts for complex sample geometry. Thus, accurate measurements may be made when fabrication of suspended structures is difficult or undesirable. The technique is demonstrated on arrays of aluminum nanowires on glass substrates, with excellent results. The Al nanowire experiments are also used to show the improved performance of the parameter extraction algorithm over a standard approach.
Autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa locusRP28 maps between D2S1337 and D2S286 on chromosome 2p11-p15 in an Indian family

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders characterised by night blindness, constriction of visual field, and dystrophic changes of the retina. Previous genetic studies have shown extensive allelic and non-allelic genetic heterogeneity of RP. Here we describe an Indian family with multiple consanguineous marriages and a total of four patients with autosomal recessive (AR) RP. The homozygosity mapping strategy was successfully used and indicated close linkage between the disease locus and D2S380, D2S441, D2S291, and D2S1394 with maximum lod scores between 1.51-3.07 at θ=0.00. The analysis of multiply informative meioses maps the locus (RP28) for ARRP in this family between D1S1337 and D2S286 on 2p11-p15. The involvement of visinin (VSNL1), a promising candidate gene assigned to chromosome 2p by previous studies, has been excluded by the absence of linkage.