Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Caesarean delivery increases the risk of overweight or obesity in 2-year-old children

Abstract The aim of this prospective cohort study was to reveal the effect of mode of delivery, independently of other confounders, on the risk of overweight or obesity in infants (age–sex-specific body mass index ≥ 85th percentile). In total, 294 infants born in the Rize Province between November 1 2013, and September 30 2014, and their mothers were included; all infants attended well-child visits with the same family physician for up to two years. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine significant associations. The odds ratio (OR) of overweight and obese children aged 2 years in association with the mode of delivery was estimated by logistic regression analysis. In crude analysis, compared with vaginal delivery, the use of Caesarean Section delivery was associated with the risk of childhood overweight or obesity [OR: 2.06; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08–4.30]. Even after multivariate adjustment, this increased risk persisted (adjusted OR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.13–4.18). In conclusion, significantly increased risk of overweight or obesity was found in 2-year-old children born via Caesarean delivery. Impact statement What is already known on this subject? Although there are studies on the relationship between childhood obesity and Caesarean Section delivery, results are inconsistent. What do the results of this study add? This is the first prospective cohort study showing the effect of Caesarean delivery on childhood obesity in Turkish children. What are the implications of these findings from clinical practice and/or further research? Future studies should further investigate the exact reasons underlying the association between Caesarean delivery and childhood metabolic syndrome.
A new genome allows the identification of genes associated with natural variation in aluminium tolerance in Brachiaria grasses

Abstract Toxic concentrations of aluminium cations and low phosphorus availability are the main yield-limiting factors in acidic soils, which represent half of the potentially available arable land. Brachiaria grasses, which are commonly sown as forage in the tropics because of their resilience and low demand for nutrients, show greater tolerance to high concentrations of aluminium cations (Al3+) than most other grass crops. In this work, we explored the natural variation in tolerance to Al3+ between high and low tolerant Brachiaria species and characterized their transcriptional differences during stress. We identified three QTLs (quantitative trait loci) associated with root vigour during Al3+ stress in their hybrid progeny. By integrating these results with a new Brachiaria reference genome, we identified 30 genes putatively responsible for Al3+ tolerance in Brachiaria. We observed differential expression during stress of genes involved in RNA translation, response signalling, cell wall composition, and vesicle location homologous to aluminium-induced proteins involved in limiting uptake or localizing the toxin. However, there was limited regulation of malate transporters in Brachiaria, which suggests that exudation of organic acids and other external tolerance mechanisms, common in other grasses, might not be relevant in Brachiaria. The contrasting regulation of RNA translation and response signalling suggests that response timing is critical in high Al3+-tolerant Brachiaria.
Optimized piperine–phospholipid complex with enhanced bioavailability and hepatoprotective activity

Abstract Piper species is one of the most widely consumed spices for culinary purposes. Piperine (PIP) present in Piper species has a wide range of therapeutic activity including hepatoprotection. However, the major biological limitation of PIP is its low bioavailability after oral administration. Purpose of the study was to prepare an optimized and adequately characterized PIP–phospholipid complex (PPC) as a delivery system to overcome these limitations and to investigate the pharmacokinetics and hepato-protectivity of the formulation in the animal model. Response surface methodology was adopted to optimize the process parameters for PPC preparation. FT-IR, DTA, PXRD, SEM, molecular docking etc. were used for characterization. Solubility, log P, dissolution efficiency and in vivo pharmacokinetics were also investigated. PPC showed enhanced hepatoprotective potential as compared to pure PIP at the same dose level (25 and 50 mg/kg). PPC restored the levels of serum marker and antioxidant enzymes. PPC also increased the bioavailability of PIP in rat serum by 10.40-fold in comparison with pure PIP at the same dose level and enhanced the elimination half-life (t1/2 el) from 0.477 ± 1.76 to 9.80 ± 1.98 h. Results concluded that PPC enhanced the hepatoprotection of PIP which may be due to the improved bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of PIP in rats. Graphical Abstract
Using formative research to design context‐specific animal source food and multiple micronutrient powder interventions to improve the consumption of micronutrients by infants and young children in Tanzania, Kenya, Bangladesh and Pakistan

Abstract Optimal complementary feeding practices including consumption of multiple micronutrient powders (MNP) are recommended to improve micronutrient intake by infants and young children (IYC) 6–23 months. Formative research was used to design the behaviour change strategy to improve IYC micronutrient intake for the multicountry ENRICH project in rural impoverished areas of Tanzania, Kenya, Bangladesh and Pakistan. Employing a qualitative approach with multiple methods and guided by a social ecological framework, the study was conducted in several phases: data collection in the community, household and health facilities, initial analysis and household trials (HHT). Results found limited use of animal source foods (ASF) for feeding IYC and MNP largely unavailable. Although cost constrained access to ASF, potential more affordable context‐specific ASF options were identified in each setting. Caregivers associated ASF with many positive attributes for IYC, but barriers to feeding them included lack of caregiver time and knowledge of specific preparation techniques, and limited advice from health workers. Feeding practices were identified that used time‐efficient, specific preparations for eggs and other ASF, and demonstrated good initial acceptability and feasibility during HHT. Testing MNP in HHT found good initial feasibility and acceptability and provided an understanding of the facilitators and constraints for preparing, feeding and promoting MNP. In conclusion, formative research led to the design of context‐specific ASF and MNP complementary feeding promotion strategies to improve IYC consumption of micronutrients by identifying the practices, benefits, motivations and alternative actions to overcome the barriers in each setting.
Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis for Nutritional Status Assessment in Systemic Sclerosis and Association With Disease Characteristics

Objective To use bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) in a cohort of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) in order to assess their nutritional status in comparison to other groups of patients and to find any correlation with clinical characteristics and outcome of the disease. Methods We retrospectively collected data from 50 SSc patients who underwent BIVA for clinical suspicion of malnutrition and compared them with patients affected by other chronic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (OCAD, n = 27) and those who were only symptomatic of malnutrition but without autoimmune features (n = 15), and with 50 healthy controls (HC). Results Patients with SSc presented significantly lower values of phase angle (PhA), basal metabolic rate (BMR), and body cellular mass (BCM), and an increase in extracellular water (ECW; P < 0.01 for all) than HC; instead, there were no significant differences for BMI. No significant differences were found between SSc and OCAD. Among patients with SSc, age directly correlated with ECW (ρ = 0.342, P = 0.015) and inversely with PhA (ρ = –0.366, P = 0.009). Female sex, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, reflux, and early satiety/abdominal distension associated with relevant alterations in BIVA results. BIVA variables were significantly different when cardiopulmonary and microvascular involvement was present. Four patients died during the study: they had significantly (P ≤ 0.01) lower PhA, BMR, and BCM, with an increased ECW. Conclusion BIVA, unlike BMI, allowed an accurate characterization of SSc patients at risk of malnutrition, correlating with serological malnutrition markers, with SSc-specific organ manifestations (cardiopulmonary involvement and microvascular damage), and with mortality. BIVA variables might represent a surrogate marker of damage accrual that leads to malnutrition, thus playing a leading role in the prognostic stratification of SSc patients.
The adaptation of natural plant populations to chronic irradiation due to the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station

: The effects of plant seed additional irradiation in the 8th and 9th post-Chernobyl reproduction were studied by the test "chromosome aberrations in seedling root meristem". In most of plant species investigated, seeds developed in the radiocontaminated zone were more radiosensitive than those from the "clean" zone. This fact shows the lack of adaptation to chronic irradiation and the availability of the potential genetic lesions that are realized into mutations under the influence of extreme factors. The effects of seed additional irradiation in some plant species indicate an increase in plant radioresistance.
Cation exchange mediated synthesis of bright Au@ZnTe core–shell nanocrystals

The synthesis of heterostructured core–shell nanocrystals has attracted significant attention due to their wide range of applications in energy, medicine and environment. To further extend the possible nanostructures, non-epitaxial growth is introduced to form heterostructures with large lattice mismatches, which cannot be achieved by classical epitaxial growth techniques. Here, we report the synthetic procedure of Au@ZnTe core–shell nanostructures by cation exchange reaction for the first time. For that, bimetallic Au@Ag heterostructures were synthesized by using PDDA as stabilizer and shape-controller. Then, by addition of Te and Zn precursors in a step-wise reaction, the zinc and silver cation exchange was performed and Au@ZnTe nanocrystals were obtained. Structural and optical characterization confirmed the formation of the Au@ZnTe nanocrystals. The optimization of the synthesis led to the bright nanocrystals with a photoluminescence quantum yield up to 27%. The non-toxic, versatile synthetic route, and bright emission of the synthesized Au@ZnTe nanocrystals offer significant potential for future bio-imaging and optoelectronic applications.
Attitudes Toward Health and Communication in Depressed Older Adults

Geriatric depression (GD) entails unique challenges that result from the complex interplay of issues specific to either the aging or depressed, such as cognitive error and health anxiety. We conducted an interview study to assess issues encountered by depressed older adults in communication and perception of their conditions, and explore how personal tracking could mitigate such issues. Our results identify how patients? behavior and communication of their condition with others are impacted by their biases, informing how GD-specialized monitoring can be designed to facilitate recovery.
Growth and Reproductive Characteristics of Field Bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) Biotypes

Five presumed biotypes were identified among field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L. ♯3 CONAR) clones collected from a field population near Lafayette, IN. Consistent variations in leaf morphology, floral characteristics, and accumulation of shoot and root biomass were found between biotypes when grown in a controlled environment. The biotypes also differed in their flowering capacity. The earliest flowering biotype formed flowers 23 days before the latest and produced 19 times more flowers per plant, which indicated further differences in seed production potential between biotypes. Pollination studies helped to differentiate biotypes within the population and showed that the presumed biotypes were self-incompatible. Vegetative reproduction potential of the biotypes varied from 1.8 to 74.5% in the number of root buds that developed into shoots. The variability in growth and reproduction observed between these field bindweed biotypes may explain the survival and adaptability of a population of this weed as environmental conditions and control practices change.
Occurrence of Culturable Bacteria Living in Micropropagated Black Locust Cultures (Robinia pseudoacacia L.)

The culturable bacteria living as associated and endophytic microorganisms in tissue cultures of black locust selected randomly from roots as well as shoots were characterized. During a ten week cultivation period, the population density increased by approximately 102 to 103, and showed the highest density in the root tissue by approximately 108 to 109 cfu g–1 fresh weight. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of 119 isolated strains revealed 20 different genotypes belonging to six genera from the phyla Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. The Actinobacteria which represented the majority of isolates were divided into up to 12 16S rDNA genotypes belonging to the genera Microbacterium and Curtobacterium. The Proteobacteria (8 genotypes) was comprised of the genera Sphingomonas (2 genotypes), Methylobacterium (1 genotype), Acidovorax (1 genotype), and Dyella (4 genotypes).
Morphological diversity in oleaginous watermelon ( Citrullus mucosospermus ) from the Nangui Abrogoua University germplasm collection

A hundred and seventy-one oleaginous watermelon accessions either collected from different countries or obtained from gene banks were evaluated and compared based on 11 quantitative morphological traits. Principal component analysis on 11 traits revealed 81.19% of the total variability and pointed out variations among accessions, mainly on the basis of fruit size and weight. The dendrogram and factorial discriminant analysis clustered the accessions in four groups. The multivariate analysis of variance showed a significant difference between the four groups and accessions of the group 2 had higher agronomic performances. The confusion matrix gave the details about accessions assignment and pointed out that breeders must have recourse to several multivariate analyses to have better agromorphological classification of accessions. The traits related to fruit size and weight were the most accession distinctive. Consequently, fruit morphological traits could be used for accession identification during collecting missions. Key words : Citrullus mucosospermus, morphological characterization, multivariate analysis, oleaginous cucurbit.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN FIBER GLASS REINFORCED TERHADAP PENYERAPAN AIR DAN STABILITAS WARNA BAHAN BASIS GIGI TIRUAN NILON TERMOPLASTIK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan fiber glass reinforced terhadap penyerapan air dan stabilitas warna serta korelasi antara penyerapan air dan stabilitas warna pada bahan basis nilon termoplastik. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan eksperimental laboratoris, dengan sampel nilon termoplastik berbentuk silindris berukuran diameter 15 + 1 mm dan ketebalan 0,5 + 0,1 mm. Jumlah sampel adalah 27 dengan 9 sampel untuk setiap kelompok. Sampel dilakukan pengujian nilai penyerapan air dan stabilitas warna. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan fiber glass reinforced terhadap penyerapan air dan stabilitas warna dilakukan uji statistik Anova dan Uji-Pearson untuk melihat korelasi antara penyerapan air dan stabilitas warna pada setiap kelompok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh penambahan fiber glass reinforced pada bahan basis nilon termoplastik terhadap penyerapan air (p= 0,005) dan terhadap stabilitas warna (p= 0,042). Berdasarkan uji Pearson tidak ada korelasi antara penyerapan air dan stabilitas warna untuk setiap kelompok, kelompok tanpa fiber dengan r= 0,241; p= 0,532, kelompok fiber 1% dengan r= -0,170; p= 0,965 dan pada kelompok fiber 1,5% dengan r= -0,591; p= 0,094. Nilai koefisien korelasi (r) pada kelompok fiber 1% dan fiber 1,5% adalah negatif, artinya ada kecenderungan hubungan yang berlawanan antara penyerapan air dan stabilitas warna. Sebagai kesimpulan, penambahan fiber glass reinforced 1% dan 1,5%, dapat menurunkan nilai penyerapan air dan meningkatkan stabilitas warna bahan basis gigi tiruan nilon termoplastik.
Skull osteology of Vipera walser (Squamata, Viperidae): Description, variability, ontogeny, and diagnostic characters in comparison to other Italian vipers

Vipera walser is the most recently recognized European viper. This rare species is endemic to a small area in the Piedmont Alps of Italy, but its closest relatives are found among the Caucasian viper species. In order to provide a starting point for a phylogenetic and biogeographic investigation based on osteology, and including fossils remains, we analyzed four specimens of V. walser and compared them with specimens of the four other Italian viper species. Based on these specimens, we improved the diagnosis of V. walser and provided a first evaluation of intraspecific variability and ontogenetic variation. The skull of V. walser is subject to significant variation, most likely related to ontogeny in some cases (i.e., development of the parietal crest, development of the basioccipital process, shape of the posterior margin of the parabasisphenoid, shape of the quadrate). Based on the studied material, it is possible to distinguish V. walser from the other Italian vipers by the shape of the occipital crest of the supraoccipital, which is posteriorly directed, whereas it is laterally directed in the other species. The osteological diagnosibility provides further support for the validity of V. walser as a distinct species from Vipera berus.
Erradicando doenças: de projeto internacional ao Sistema de Vigilância Epidemiológica a erradicação da varíola no Brasil - 1900-1970

The present study, from a historic approach, consider as the central object the applied methodology on the eradication of smallpox, as been constituent of an international act on the prevention of transmissible disease dissemination, in the 20th century, for which has contributed the use of epidemiological surveillance concepts, as a relevant action of public health. Therefore, will be established an analysis of the various interests and knowledge, in national an international, institutional and individual levels, so as to comprehend the consolidation of the political and scientific project which has permitted the implantation of epidemiological surveillance on the proposal of smallpox world eradication.
Identification of Genes Regulated by Low Temperature in Pachysandra terminalis Sieb. et Zucc Using cDNA Differential Display

Complementary Deoxyribonucleic Acid (cDNA) differential display and reverse Northern dot blot were used to identify genes in Pachysandra terminalis Sieb. & Zucc. , a cold-tolerant plant, that are regulated by low temperatures. Rooted cuttings were obtained from stock plants that had been maintained in a greenhouse at 24 °C. These cuttings were subjected to the following cold treatments: 2 weeks at 12 °C, 48 hours at 4 °C, 48 hours at 0 °C, and 4 hours at -1 °C. Following leaf tissue analysis of treated and control plants, some stress-related genes and many novel genes were identifi ed. Northern blot hybridiza- tion demonstrated that all novel genes were regulated by the cold treatments. Chilling and freezing temperatures ad- versely affect productivity and quality of crops in the temperate regions of the world. Low temperatures induce a number of changes in the metabolism of plant cells and in the expres-
[Do the requirements included in the regulation on health and safety at school effectively prevent children from carrying too heavy schoolbags?]

BACKGROUND Excessive spinal load caused by a schoolbag has a major impact on the child's body posture. The National Sanitary Inspector recommends the limit of schoolbag weight as corresponding to 10-15% of the student's weight. The aim of the study was to assess the spinal load of children aged 6-9 years, caused by schoolbags, and to check if it meets the requirements expressed as a percentage of the child's weight. The weight of the items in schoolbags was also established. In addition, parents' awareness about schoolbags and the child's use of additional storage spaces (lockers) were analyzed. MATERIAL AND METHODS Overall, 332 children aged 6-9 years (172 girls, 160 boys) attending selected schools in a city located in the Silesian Voivodeship participated in the study. The study included determining schoolbag weight and presenting it in relation to the child's weight. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for 2 independent variables with non-normally distributed data (the Shapiro-Wilk test). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare >2 independent trials. The level of statistical significance was set at p = 0.05. RESULTS An average schoolbag weighted 3.57±0.58 kg. Schoolbag weight did not exceed 15% of the student's weight in 75% of the students; however, the schoolbags of only 17% of the students weighed less than 10% of the student's weight. The heaviest schoolbags were found among first-grade students. The girls had significantly heavier schoolbags compared to the boys (p = 0.037). The students using school lockers had heavier schoolbags than those who left unnecessary items on common shelves in the classroom (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS The issue of heavy schoolbags remains a challenge for public health decision-makers despite the regulation that requires to provide children with space to leave books at school. The current rules do not effectively prevent children from carrying too heavy schoolbags. It is advisable to take measures to set an absolutely mandatory standard with which schools and students will be required to comply. Med Pr. 2020;71(6).
Assessment of Social Risk Factors and Interest in Receiving Health Care–Based Social Assistance Among Adult Patients and Adult Caregivers of Pediatric Patients

Key Points Question Are specific social risk factors associated with patients’ interest in receiving health care–based social risk assistance? Findings In this cross-sectional study of 1021 adult patients and adult caregivers of pediatric patients, 53% of participants who had positive screening results for social risks were interested in receiving social risk assistance compared with 9% of participants who had negative screening results. Among those with positive screening results, interest in receiving assistance was higher among participants who answered the question about their interest in receiving assistance before answering the questions about social risks and among participants who had positive results for multiple risks, reported lower household income, and self-identified as having non-Hispanic Black ancestry. Meaning The study’s findings suggest that understanding patients’ perspectives regarding their interest in receiving social risk assistance may be an important consideration in the implementation of patient-centered social care interventions.