Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Initial Friction Compensation Using Rheology-Based Rolling Friction Model in Fast and Precise Positioning

This paper presents an initial friction compensation by a disturbance observer which is designed on the basis of a rolling friction model (RFM) for the fast and precise positioning of ball-screw-driven table systems. Rolling friction in the table drive mechanism behaves as a nonlinear elastic component in the microdisplacement region, deteriorating the fine settling performance. The effects of the rolling friction on the positioning, therefore, should be compensated to provide the desired control performance. In the compensator design, a feedback control with a disturbance observer allows the plant system to behave as a nominal one with a robust stability and compensates for the effects of nonlinear friction on the positioning performance. The disturbance observer, however, inherently includes an estimation delay at the starting motion due to low-pass filters and delay components. In this paper, therefore, an RFM is adopted as an initial value compensation of the disturbance observer to compensate for the initial friction behavior, providing the delay-free estimation. The proposed compensation method has been verified by numerical simulations and experiments using a prototype for industrial positioning devices.
The alarmin HMGB1 acts in synergy with endogenous and exogenous danger signals to promote inflammation

The nuclear protein HMGB1 has previously been demonstrated to act as an alarmin and to promote inflammation upon extracellular release, yet its mode of action is still not well defined. Access to highly purified HMGB1 preparations from prokaryotic and eukaryotic sources enabled studies of activation of human PBMC or synovial fibroblast cultures in response to HMGB1 alone or after binding to cofactors. HMGB1 on its own could not induce detectable IL‐6 production. However, strong enhancing effects on induction of proinflammatory cytokine production occurred when the protein associated with each of the separate proinflammatory molecules, rhIL‐1β, the TLR4 ligand LPS, the TLR9 ligand CpG‐ODN, or the TLR1‐TLR2 ligand Pam3CSK4. The bioactivities were recorded in cocultures with preformed HMGB1 complexes but not after sequential or simultaneous addition of HMGB1 and the individual ligands. Individual A‐box and B‐box domains of HMGB1 had the ability to bind LPS and enhance IL‐6 production. Heat denaturation of HMGB1 eliminated this enhancement. Cocultures with HMGB1 and other proinflammatory molecules such as TNF, RANKL, or IL‐18 did not induce enhancement. HMGB1 thus acts broadly with many but not all immunostimulatory molecules to amplify their activity in a synergistic manner.
Testing and verification of HDL-models for SoC components

The testing and verification technology for system HDL models, focused to the significant improvement of the quality of design components for digital systems on chips and reduction the development time (time-to-market) by using the simulation environment, testable analysis of the logical structure HDL-program and the optimal placement of assertion engine is proposed.
The epidemiology of acute encephalitis

Encephalitis means inflammation of the brain matter. Despite being a rare condition, encephalitis is of public health importance worldwide because it has high morbidity and mortality. Yet, many details about its epidemiology have yet to be elucidated. This review attempts to summarise what is known about the epidemiology of the infective causes of encephalitis and is based on a literature search of the Medline archives. Infection is the most common cause identified, with viruses being the most important known aetiological agents. Incidence varies between studies but is generally between 3.5 and 7.4 per 100,000 patient-years. Encephalitis affects peoples of all ages; however, incidence is higher in the paediatric population. Although both sexes are affected, most studies have shown a slight predominance in males. Encephalitis occurs worldwide; some aetiologies have a global distribution (herpesviruses) while others are geographically restricted (arboviruses). Although definite epidemiological trends are evident, it is difficult to make generalisations as few population-based studies exist, most cases are not reported to health authorities, and many possible pathogens are implicated but in most cases a cause is never found. A better understanding of the epidemiology of this devastating disease will pave the way for better prevention and control strategies.
How Will Statistical Agencies Operate When All Data Are Private?

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Centers, Institutes, Programs at DigitalCommons@ILR. It has been accepted for inclusion in Labor Dynamics Institute by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@ILR. For more information, please contact hlmdigital@cornell.edu.
International Commercial Arbitration: Americanized, "Civilized," or Harmonized?

The term "Americanization of [international commercial] arbitration" was introduced in the mid-1980s, allegedly by Stephen Bond, then Secretary General of the International Court of Arbitration of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). I Ever since, an "academic confrontation. between those trained in the Anglo-Saxon legal profession and those having a Roman law orientation" 2 continues to produce debates in scholarly writings and at conferences as to how international commercial arbitrations are to be conducted and what is the role of Anglo-American lawyers in the development of international arbitration in general. Americanization may be viewed positively 3 or negatively,4 and its understanding often depends on the legal roots of a speaker or writer. For some U.S. lawyers, Americanization means converting European arbitrators to the "English language and to the usages of Anglo-Americans . enlarg[ing] the club [of European arbitrators] and. rationaliz[ing] the practice of arbitration such that it could become offshore-U.S.-stylelitigation. " 5 On the Continent, "'Americanization' or an 'American approach' . is often a code word for an unbridled and ungentlemanly aggressivity and excess in arbitration. It can involve a strategy of 'total
A search method for a fixed-order controller of H2/H∞ control problems

In this paper, a serch method for fixed order controllers that satisfy H2/H∞ control problems is studied. Since this problem can be reduced to a static output control problem, we give a numerical method for finding a static output feedback gain that makes H2 norm performance index smaller subject to an H∞ norm constraint. This method searches for a solution of bilinear matrix inequalities whose variables are Lyapunov matrices and the controller gain matrix. This method is a descent method in the controller gain space where the feasible direction of the gain is computed by solving an linear matrix inequality and then a minimum point in the direction is obtained by a line search. By iterating this procedure, the value of the H2 cost function decreases monotonically while the H∞ constraint is being satisfied.
Patients' experiences of hip fracture.

BACKGROUND Hip fracture is a major cause of mortality and morbidity, particularly among older people, but there is little information on how individuals experience this. AIMS This study was conducted to explore the experiences of individuals who had suffered a hip fracture. The aim was not to produce generalizable findings but, rather, to generate a rich description of the experience of incurring and recovering from a hip fracture, to inform nursing practice. METHOD Phenomenological methodology was used. A purposeful sample of five older patients was interviewed, following a stay in a community hospital for rehabilitation after surgical repair of a hip fracture. The unstructured interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed for significant statements and meanings. FINDINGS Four major themes emerged: the injury experience, the pain experience, the recovery experience and the disability experience. The injury experience consisted of storytelling, recalling the experience of the injury itself. The pain experience consisted of coping with the pain. The recovery experience involved the operation, beginning the struggle of recovery, and regaining independence. The disability experience consisted of the disability itself, depending on others, and being housebound. CONCLUSIONS Pain management, meeting psychological and physical needs for nursing care, planning for discharge, and ensuring a reasonable quality of life are areas for nursing care development. Consideration of appropriate settings for rehabilitation is needed and there should be further investigation into improving quality of life after discharge.
ATM‐dependent telomere loss in aging human diploid fibroblasts and DNA damage lead to the post‐translational activation of p53 protein involving poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase

Telomere loss has been proposed as a mechanism for counting cell divisions during aging in normal somatic cells. How such a mitotic clock initiates the intracellular signalling events that culminate in G1 cell cycle arrest and senescence to restrict the lifespan of normal human cells is not known. We investigated the possibility that critically short telomere length activates a DNA damage response pathway involving p53 and p21WAF1 in aging cells. We show that the DNA binding and transcriptional activity of p53 protein increases with cell age in the absence of any marked increase in the level of p53 protein, and that p21WAF1 promoter activity in senescent cells is dependent on both p53 and the transcriptional co‐activator p300. Moreover, we detected increased specific activity of p53 protein in AT fibroblasts, which exhibit accelerated telomere loss and undergo premature senescence, compared with normal fibroblasts. We investigated the possibility that poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase is involved in the post‐translational activation of p53 protein in aging cells. We show that p53 protein can associate with PARP and inhibition of PARP activity leads to abrogation of p21 and mdm2 expression in response to DNA damage. Moreover, inhibition of PARP activity leads to extension of cellular lifespan. In contrast, hyperoxia, an activator of PARP, is associated with accelerated telomere loss, activation of p53 and premature senescence. We propose that p53 is post‐translationally activated not only in response to DNA damage but also in response to the critical shortening of telomeres that occurs during cellular aging.
Balancing budget control and flexibility: the central finance agency as ‘responsive regulator’

ABSTRACT This paper explores how the increasing need for budget flexibility might be reconciled with the necessity for control of public money by reframing the relationship between central finance agencies and spending agencies in ‘regulatory’ terms. The need arises because governments increasingly face complex, non-routine problems, which require them to develop greater capacity for collaboration and ‘flexibility’. At the same time, the public expects government to be accountable for how resources are used, which is conventionally framed in terms of procedural regularity. After surveying the contours of flexibility and the different ways budgeting practices inhibit collaboration in the public sector, the paper uses responsive regulation perspectives to explore how reshaping the type of rules and the way they are applied, rather than fewer rules, is a preferred means of balancing central control and situational flexibility.
Metastases of clinically occult testicular seminoma mimicking primary extragonadal retroperitoneal germ cell tumors.

BACKGROUND Whether extragonadal germ cell tumors develop primarily in the retroperitoneum or whether they are essentially metastases of a primary testicular tumor has long been debated and remains controversial. PATIENTS AND METHODS Three patients presenting with apparent primary extragonadal retroperitoneal germ cell tumors are reported. Ipsilateral testicular evaluation was extended with palpation, ultrasonography and finally histological examination. RESULTS The retroperitoneal extragonadal tumors were found during abdominal MSCT. It was a fortuitous finding in the two first patients.The third patient presented with abdominal pain attributed to necrosis of the large mass which was subsequently firstly drained through endoscopic ultrasound-guided transduodenal puncture. The seminomatous nature of the retroperitoneal tumors was obtained through transduodenal echoendoscopic-guided cytopuncture in the first case, celioscopic resection in the second case and delayed percutaneous CT guided biopsy in the third symptomatic case. The first two patients had a history of cryptorchidism with substantial clinical testicular atrophy; ultrasonography showed microlithiasis and a small intratesticular tumor in the first patient and an hypoechoic but rather homogeneous atrophic testis in the other; orchiectomy confirmed small seminomatous intratesticular tumors in the two cases. The third patient had an atypical hypoechoic area on testicular ultrasound and histopatholgy revealed a burn-out primary tumor. CONCLUSIONS So-called primary extragonadal retroperitoneal germ cell tumors are extremely rare and should first be considered as metastases of a viable or burned-out testicular cancer until proven otherwise. All ipsilateral testicular abnormalities revealed by the patient's history, clinical examination and mostly by testicular ultrasound must be treated adequately with orchiectomy because they may act as a sanctuary for later tumor growth.
Predicting Prognosis of Gastrointestinal Smooth Muscle Tumors: Role of Clinical and Histologic Evaluation, Flow Cytometry, and Image Cytometry

Both flow cytometry (FCM) and morphometry have been proposed as techniques for predicting the prognosis of gastrointestinal (GI) smooth muscle tumors (SMTs). In particular, DNA aneuploidy by FCM has been associated with high histologic grade and shortened survival, whereas the DNA index determined by image cytometry has been proposed as a criterion for the diagnosis of malignancy. To further define the potential roles of these two techniques, we performed a variety of morphometric and FCM measurements on paraffin blocks from 122 patients with GI SMTs, with a median follow-up period of 6 years, together with assessments of tumor size and mitotic activity. None of the morphometric measurements (nuclear perimeter, area, form factor, longest diameter, average ferret diameter, equivalent diameter, and DNA index) was a significant prognostic factor when analyzed using a univariate Cox model. In contrast, the flow cytometric mean channel number, the fraction of cells in G2M, aneuploidy of the G0G1 peak, aneuploidy of the G2M peak, tumor size, and mitotic activity index were statistically significant in univariate models, together with the patient age and sex, and whether or not the patient presented with metastases. In a multivariate model, >10 mitotic figures per 50 high-power fields and metastases indicated a poor prognosis. If metastasis was not allowed to enter the model, the mitotic index and aneuploidy of the G2M peak portended a poor prognosis
Prenatal identification of an isochromosome for the short arm of the Y i(Yp), by cytogenetic and Molecular analyses

A case of 45,X/46,X,+mar mosaicism was detected in a male fetus (27 weeks' gestation) referred for karyotype analysis following the observation of a short femur at the ultrasound scan. Analysis of 12 Y‐chromosome loci by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) demonstrated that the marker chromosome is of Y origin and corresponds to an authentic isochromosome for the short arm of the Y chromosome, i(Yp). The breakpoint on this marker is in YQ11·1 close to the centromere. The present report illustrates the importance of FISH and PCR techniques as a complement to cytogenetic methods for accurate identification and characterization of chromosome rearrangements in prenatal diagnosis.
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Preventable Disease With a Heritable Component

Background and Purpose— Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) caused by ruptured intracranial aneurysm affects approximately 16 000 Americans annually, and almost 40% of affected patients die within 30 days despite the best current therapy. Prevention of SAH is therefore of paramount importance. We present a preliminary analysis of risk factors for SAH from our population-based, case-control study. Methods— Cases were prospectively collected and matched 2:1 by age, race, and gender to controls using random digit dialing. Personal risk factor history, family history, neuroimaging data, and genetic samples were obtained. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed and population-attributable risks estimated. Multivariable analysis was performed using conditional logistic regression. Results— Between June 1997 and February 2000, 107 cases and 197 controls were enrolled. In bivariate analyses, a large proportion of population-attributable risk for SAH could be explained by modifiable risk factors: smoking, hypertension, and heavy alcohol use. In multivariable analysis, current cigarette smoking, history of hypertension, frequent alcohol use, lower body mass index, and a family history of a relative with SAH or intracranial aneurysm were found to be significant, independent risk factors for SAH. Conclusion— Our data confirm previous reports that SAH clusters within some families independent of environmental risk factors, suggesting that SAH has a significant genetic component. Yet, even among families at increased risk of SAH, smoking cessation, treatment of hypertension, and reduced alcohol intake may substantially decrease SAH risk. The independent associations with heavy alcohol use and low body mass index with SAH may be confounded by smoking and require further study.
A semantic pattern for restricted domain Chinese question Answering

A new semantic pattern for restricted domain Chinese question Answering system is proposed in this paper, which establishes the domain knowledge and lexical chains of the sentence chunk according to the question semantic roles with the help of Hownet. On this basis, the question similarity calculation, candidate question sorting and the indexing method is implemented in the question answering system using the semantic pattern. The result of the telecom product question answering system shows that the question semantic pattern is more feasible and effective than other methods.
Nutritional and health status of Tibetan children living at high altitudes.

BACKGROUND Children living at high altitudes often have delayed growth, but whether growth retardation is related to altitude or to other factors is not known. METHODS A multicultural health care team assessed 2078 Tibetan children 0 to 84 months of age for anthropometric and clinical signs of malnutrition. The children lived in 11 counties, which contained more than 50 diverse urban and nonurban (nomadic, agricultural, or periurban) communities in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. The height and weight of the children were compared with those of U.S. children. Height and weight were expressed as z scores (the number of standard deviations from the median of the age- and sex-specific reference group). RESULTS The mean z score for height fell from -0.5 to -1.6 in the first 12 months of life and generally ranged from -2.0 to -2.4 in older children. Overall, of 2078 children, 1067 (51 percent) had moderately or severely stunted growth, as defined by a z score of -2.0 or lower. Of the 1556 children 24 months of age or older, 871 (56 percent) had stunted growth, which was severe (z score, -3.0 or lower) in 380 (24 percent). Among the children in this age group, 787 of the 1313 nonurban children (60 percent) had stunting, as compared with 84 of the 243 urban children (35 percent). Stunting was associated with clinical conditions such as rickets, abdominal distention, hair depigmentation, and skin lesions and with a maternal history of hepatitis or goiter. Stunting was not associated with altitude, after adjustment for the type of community. CONCLUSIONS In Tibetan children, severe stunting due to malnutrition occurs early in life, and morbidity is high.
Novel THz Metamaterial Designs: From Near- and Far-Field Coupling to High-Q Resonances

In this paper, we review recent research on terahertz (THz) metamaterials focusing on structures which exhibit sharp resonances with high quality factors. After a short introduction to common design concepts, near-field measurements are presented to discuss the resonant coupling and excitation mechanisms. High- Q-factor metasurfaces based on symmetric and asymmetric resonators, characterized by far-field transmission measurements, are discussed including structures with trapped and high-order resonance modes. Numerical simulations of the current distributions inside the metaatoms give insight into the resonance mechanisms. The novel structures discussed here offer intriguing properties and have potential applications in design and development of filters, thin-film sensors, and slow-light devices.
Collaborative approach for practical modeling of microcircuit failures in high-reliability applications

A new research project sponsored by the Aerospace Vehicle Systems Institute (AVSI) is developing a simple reliability estimation methodology for both random failure rate and the time to intrinsic wearout of integrated circuits. Using similar physics of failure (PoF) and statistical models for both types of failures, the project seeks data and analysis from semiconductor manufacturers, leaving most of the proprietary details to them, and only uses the models to scale results between use conditions. Although the project is focused by aerospace requirements, the driving concerns are common among all high-reliability industries, and both the methodology and the semiconductor industry engagement we seek should have broad applicability. Interaction with the part suppliers and foundries, assisted by the Reliability Simulation Council (RSC), is a key part of this strategy. In this paper, we will review the motivation, conceptual methodology and status of the prototype spreadsheet-based tool.
Shedding of vesicular stomatitis virus soluble glycoprotein by removal of carboxy-terminal peptide

A comparison of partial NH2-terminal sequences of vesicular stomatitis viral glycoprotein G (molecular weight, 69,000) and the soluble extracellular glycoprotein antigen Gs (molecular weight, 57,000) shows that both of the sequences are identical. Tryptic fingerprint analyses show that Gs lacks the carboxy-terminal region containing the membrane-anchoring hydrophobic domain of G. These results suggest that Gs is formed by cleavage in the carboxy-terminal region of G.
Tournament Incentives and Firm Innovation

This study analyzes how promotion-based tournament incentives for non-CEO senior executives affect corporate innovation. We measure tournament incentives using the pay gap between a CEO and the next layer of senior executives. We find that tournament incentives are positively related to innovative efficiency, as measured by the number of patents and patent citations generated per million dollars of R&D expense. Our main finding holds in an instrumental-variable analysis and regressions using alternative innovation measures, including patent generality and originality indices and stock market reactions to patent grants. Consistent with the argument that the tournament incentive is stronger when a succession contest is more likely to occur, the positive relation between tournament incentives and innovative efficiency is found to be particularly pronounced during the period prior to CEO turnovers, especially when the succeeding CEO is promoted from within the firm and when senior managers expect a high probability of CEO replacement. Overall, our findings suggest that tournament incentives enhance corporate innovation performance.