Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL STATES ON MILK FATTY ACIDS PROFILE IN DAIRY COWS AND BUFFALOES

Milk composition is the result of various biological reactions, affected by feed intake and physiological status of animal. Physiological status, in turn, is affected by environment modulated through hypothalamus and pituitary. Milk composition and quality are important characteristics that determine the nutritive value and consumer acceptability. The following three studies were conducted to investigate relationship of lactation stage and body condition with milk yield and composition with special reference to fatty acids in crossbred dairy cows and buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) under tropical conditions. Study I Variation in milk fatty acids composition with body condition: A total of 24 Nili-Ravi buffaloes within 60 days after parturition, were selected from a private dairy farm at district Peshawar. All the animals consumed the same diet during the experimental period. A total of 576 raw milk samples were collected for laboratory analysis. The study continued up to 6 months during the year 2008. Body condition score (BCS), milk yield and composition were recorded once a week. Means for milk fatty acids profile were compared for various levels of BCS. The mean milk yield and fat contents were 9.28 kg/d and 5.36 %, respectively. The total saturated fatty acids (SFAs) were 64.22 g/100g of total fatty acids and the unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) were 35.79 g/100g of total fatty acids. Out of the SFAs, highest amount was recorded for C16:0, followed by C18:0 and C14:0. The total sum of hypercholestrolemic fatty acids (HCFAs, C12:0, C14:0 and C16:0) were 43.33 g/100g of total fatty acids. The concentrations of UFAs were greater with the moderate (2.5) BCS followed by poor (1.5) and highest one (3.5) while the SFAs showed an opposite trend. The correlation analysis showed that milk yield was negatively affected by BCS and milk fat positively though, non-significantly. The present study suggests that Nili-Ravi dairy buffaloes produce milk, with the highest concentration of C18:1 cis-9. Two HCFAs (C12:0 and C14:0) were associated with higher body condition. Buffaloes with moderate body condition yielded milk containing healthier fatty acids. Study II Changes in milk fatty acid profile with advancing lactation: This study was conducted to determine the effect of lactation advancement on milk yield and its fatty acid composition in crossbred cows during the initial 16 weeks of lactation. A total of 28 F1 crossbred cows (HF x Sahiwal) within 1 week after parturition were selected from a large state farm. The animals were maintained under uniform management conditions in a well-ventilated shed. The animals were milked twice and milk samples were collected from each cow once a week during 1, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks of lactation. BCS and milk yield were recorded on the day of sample collection. Means for milk fatty acids composition were compared for five weeks (1, 4, 8, 12 and 16) of lactation. The
Thiourea and Thiourea Derivatives

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Thiourea 2.1. Physical Properties 2.2. Chemical Properties 2.3. Production 2.4. Environmental Protection 2.5. Quality Requirements 2.6. Chemical Analysis 2.7. Storage and Transportation 2.8. Uses 2.9. Legal Aspects 2.10. Economic Aspects 2.11. Toxicology 3. Thiourea Derivatives 3.1. Physical Properties 3.2. Chemical Properties 3.3. Production 3.4. Uses 3.5. Toxicology
Blood and tissue biomarker analysis in dogs with osteosarcoma treated with palliative radiation and intra-tumoral autologous natural killer cell transfer

Background We have previously reported radiation-induced sensitization of canine osteosarcoma (OSA) to natural killer (NK) therapy, including results from a first-in-dog clinical trial. Here, we report correlative analyses of blood and tissue specimens for signals of immune activation in trial subjects. Methods Among 10 dogs treated with palliative radiotherapy (RT) and intra-tumoral adoptive NK transfer, we performed ELISA on serum cytokines, flow cytometry for immune phenotype of PBMCs, and PCR on tumor tissue for immune-related gene expression. We then queried The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to evaluate the association of cytotoxic/immune-related gene expression with human sarcoma survival. Results Updated survival analysis revealed five 6-month survivors, including one dog who lived 17.9 months. Using feeder line co-culture for NK expansion, we observed maximal activation of dog NK cells on day 17 – 19 post isolation with near 100% expression of granzyme B and NKp46 and high cytotoxic function in the injected NK product. Among dogs on trial, we observed a trend for higher baseline serum IL-6 to predict worse lung metastasis-free and overall survival (P=0.08). PCR analysis revealed low absolute gene expression of CD3, CD8, and NKG2D in untreated OSA. Among treated dogs, there was marked heterogeneity in the expression of immune-related genes pre- and post-treatment, but increases in CD3 and CD8 gene expression were higher among dogs that lived > 6 months compared to those who did not. Analysis of the TCGA confirmed significant differences in survival among human sarcoma patients with high and low expression of genes associated with greater immune activation and cytotoxicity (CD3e, CD8a, IFN-γ, perforin, and CD122/IL-2 receptor beta). Conclusions Updated results from a first-in-dog clinical trial of palliative RT and autologous NK cell immunotherapy for OSA illustrate the translational relevance of companion dogs for novel cancer therapies. Similar to human studies, analyses of immune markers from canine serum, PBMCs, and tumor tissue are feasible and provide insight into potential biomarkers of response and resistance.
Clinical Result of Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) in Achilles Tendinitis

Objective: to study the clinical effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in the clinical management of heel pain in sportsman having Achilles tendinitis Materials and Methods : this is a prospective cohort study of 35 consecutive patients having Achilles tendinitis being referred to our pain centre after various sports, who did not respond to an initial minimum of 4 weeks of conventional physical therapy, and managed with low-level laser therapy for six consecutive weeks Results: There was statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduction of pain with respect to VAS scale, and pressure pain threshold, the post-treatment color Doppler revealed improved tendon vascularity, the clinical follow up was eight weeks Conclusion : It is concluded that LLLT has clinical efficacy in the short-term treatment of Achilles tendinitis in sportsman
Avaliação do dano hepático em pacientes HIV positivo sob terapia antirretroviral no município de Carazinho/RS

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar e analisar a existencia do dano hepatico em pacientes sob tratamento antiretroviral, analisando quais esquemas terapeuticos apresentam maior grau de toxicidade. Foram selecionados nove pacientes que estavam fazendo terapia antiretroviral, tendo como inclusao idade superior a 18 anos e sob tratamento ha mais de seis meses. Foi realizado um questionario, alem da realizacao do perfil laboratorial, com dosagens de AST e ALT. Dentre os resultados, verificou-se que prevaleceu o sexo feminino com 66,6%, idade media de 38,7 anos, 44,5% relataram modo de infeccao por relacao heterossexual. Avaliando-se a terapia, 44,4% faziam uso da terapia de 5 a 8 anos, 55,5% faziam uso de terapia triplice, e 66,6% apresentaram efeitos colaterais. Os valores laboratoriais encontravam-se dentro da faixa dos valores de referencia. Desta forma, atraves da analise dos resultados foi possivel compreender a eficiencia da terapia antiretroviral altamente ativa, os esquemas terapeuticos com os antiretrovirais mais efetivos e com menos dano hepatico, os quais nao apresentaram aumento das transaminase nos pacientes em estudo.
Ketamine effects on anxiety and fear-related behaviors: Current literature evidence and new findings

Ketamine, a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, presents rapid and sustained antidepressant effect in clinical and preclinical studies. Regarding ketamine effects on anxiety, there is a widespread discordance among pre-clinical studies. To address this issue, the present study reviewed the literature (electronic database MEDLINE) to summarize the profile of ketamine effects in animal tests of anxiety/fear. We found that ketamine anxiety/fear-related effects may depend on the anxiety paradigm, schedule of ketamine administration and tested species. Moreover, there was no report of ketamine effects in animal tests of fear related to panic disorder (PD). Based on that finding, we evaluated if treatment with ketamine and another NMDA antagonist, MK-801, would induce acute and sustained (24 hours later) anxiolytic and/or panicolytic-like effects in animals exposed to the elevated T-maze (ETM). The ETM evaluates, in the same animal, conflict-evoked and fear behaviors, which are related, respectively, to generalized anxiety disorder and PD. Male Wistar rats were systemically treated with racemic ketamine (10, 30 and 80 mg/kg) or MK-801 (0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg) and tested in the ETM in the same day or 24 hours after their administration. Ketamine did not affect the behavioral tasks performed in the ETM acutely or 24 h later. MK-801 impaired inhibitory avoidance in the ETM only at 45 min post-injection, suggesting a rapid but not sustained anxiolytic-like effect. Altogether our results suggest that ketamine might have mixed effects in anxiety tests while it does not affect panic-related behaviors. Highlights Ketamine induces mixed effects in animal anxiety tests Few studies investigated the individual effects of S-ketamine in anxiety/fear tests None study evaluated the effects of R-Ketamine on anxiety/fear-related behaviors Systemic ketamine does not affect panic-like behaviors in the elevated T-maze
A roadblock-and-kill model explains the dynamical response to the DNA-targeting antibiotic ciprofloxacin

Fluoroquinolones - antibiotics that cause DNA damage by inhibiting DNA topoisomerases - are clinically important, but their mechanism of action is not yet fully understood. In particular, the dynamical response of bacterial cells to fluoroquinolone exposure has hardly been investigated, although the SOS response, triggered by DNA damage, is often thought to play a key role. Here we investigate growth inhibition of the bacterium Escherichia coli by the fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin at low doses (up to 5x the minimum inhibitory concentration). We measure the long-term and short-term (dynamic) response of the growth rate and DNA production rate to ciprofloxacin, at both population- and single-cell level. We show that despite the molecular complexity of DNA metabolism, a simple `roadblock-and-kill’ model focusing on replication fork blockage and DNA damage by ciprofloxacin-poisoned DNA topoisomerase II (gyrase) quantitatively reproduces long-term growth rates. The model also predicts dynamical changes in DNA production rate in wild type E. coli and in an SOS-deficient mutant, following a step-up of ciprofloxacin. Our work reveals new insights into the dynamics of fluoroquinolone action, with important implications for predicting the rate of resistance evolution. Most importantly, our model explains why the response is delayed: it takes many doubling times to fragment the DNA sufficiently to inhibit gene expression. Our model also challenges the view that the SOS response plays a central role: the dynamical response is controlled by the timescale of DNA replication and gyrase binding/unbinding to the DNA rather than by the SOS response. More generally, our work highlights the importance of including biophysical processes in biochemical-systems models to fully understand bacterial response to antibiotics.
In vivo physiology of gap junctions between supporting cells in the organ of Corti

The majority of inner ear tissue is composed of non-sensory cells, known as supporting cells, yet little is known about their physiological roles in cochlear function. Gap junctions between the cochlear supporting cells form two gap junctional networks: the "epithelial network" in the organ of Corti and the "connective-tissue" network in the lateral wall. These networks appear to provide the anatomical substrates for the recirculation of K+ ions, which carry the transduction current, from the basolateral region of hair cells to the intrastrial space. While the existence of the gap junctional networks has been shown anatomically, little is known about their physiological properties or whether they serve the above suggested function. In this work, physiological properties of the epithelial network were studied in vivo using several complementary methods: 1. direct on-line visualization of the movement of iontophoresed fluorescent dye; 2. electrophysiological measurements of resting potentials, cell impedance, mutual resistance, and sound-evoked responses; and 3. reversible interruption of the gap junctions using known uncoupling agents such as octanol, halothane, or a low pH artificial perilymph. To better interpret the physiological results, locations and densities of connexin 26 (Cx26), a gap junction protein, were mapped between cells in the organ of Corti. Visualization of the dye showed: 1. the gap junctions are patent in vivo and 2. the movement of the dye was not always symmetric about the injection site, and often spread preferentially in the longitudinal direction. Resting potentials and evoked responses were graded with distance from the hair cells-the former became more negative and the latter decreased in amplitude. Cx26 was localized to the same regions as previously described in the rat (Kikuchi et al. 1995), but complex staining patterns showed that the staining was not uniform in all directions, and often denser in the longitudinal direction. When injected into cells with dense longitudinal staining patterns for Cx26, dye spread more readily in the longitudinal direction. In other cells, neither preferential dye movement nor electrical gradients could be explained by the immunostaining results alone. These results suggest an intercellular current between the cells of the organ of Corti, which would be consistent with a potassium current away from the hair cells. Our results verified a functional gap junction network in vivo that can account for many hypothesized functions of the supporting cells, including potassium buffering. Thesis Supervisor: Joe C. Adams Title: Associate Professor of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School
Influence of packaging material and storage temperature on colour quality and shelf life of red chilli powder

Red chilli is an excellent source of bioactive compounds such as carotenoids, capsanthin, capsaicin, oleoresins, phenolics. These compounds impart red colour and pungency, important quality traits, to the chilli. Hence, present study was conducted to evaluate effect of packaging material and storage temperature on total extractable colour, oleoresin extractable colour and total carotenoid content of red chilli powder made from dried and destalked red chilli fruits. Chilli powder was packed in three different packaging material with and without vacuum at room (average annual temperature 25°C) and low (5±0.5°C) temperatures for 12 months. Results indicated that both packaging material and storage temperature significantly affected the total carotenoids and color quality of chilli powder in all the treatments at the end of 12 months. TCC in red chili powder stored in different packaging material at room and low temperature ranged from 261.52 to 250.62 mg/100 g and 261.52 to 259.14 mg/100 g, respectively The TEC and OEC for chilli powder packed in different packaging materials at room temperature conditions varied 262.87 to 247.44 ASTA units (Table 3–4). The content of TEC and OEC for chilli powder packed in different packaging material at low temperature ranged from 262.87 to 247.44 ASTA units. The chilli powder packed in polypropylene (PP), polypropylene vacuum (PPV), laminated (L) and laminated vacuum (LV) showed the least percent decline in colour quality parameters. Degradation rates were highest in powder packed in woven polypropylene (WPP). These samples were spoiled during sixth months of storage. Overall quality of red chilli powder was better in laminated pouch under vacuum than other packaging materials studied. Therefore vacuum packaging technology for long term storage of red chilli powder was found the best.
Effects of ethanol on the plasma membrane of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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Does caffeine therapy improve cognitive impairments in valproic acid rat model of autism?

Abstract Autism spectrum condition is a neurodevelopmental disorder. Pregnant rats’ exposure to valproic Acid (VPA) causes cognitive deficits in pups similar to those observed in humans with autism-like behaviors. Caffeine therapy is an important pharmacological research line for studying the involvement of adenosine receptors in cognitive functions. Here, we investigate the effects of caffeine on cognitive, anxiety-like behaviors and social functions of offspring’s rats following congenital VPA administration using by Morris water maze (MWM), Elevated plus maze, and three chamber social assay, respectively. On postnatal day 21, male rats received caffeine orally in drinking water at a dose of 1 mg/mL for 30 days. The pups were divided into four groups as follows: (1) vehicle (treated by saline), (2) VPA group, (3) Caffeine group and (4) VPA + Caffeine. We observed remarkable learning and memory impairments, increased anxiety like behaviors and social interaction deficits which were observed in autism rats can improve after caffeine therapy.
Pregnancy and fetal metabolism.

Submitted to: Quantitative Aspects of Ruminant Digestion and Metabolism Publication Type: Book / Chapter Publication Acceptance Date: 5/30/2003 Publication Date: 8/1/2005 Citation: Bell, A.W. , Ferrell, C.L. , Freetly, H.C. 2005. Pregnancy and fetal metabolism. In: Dijkstra, J., Forbes, J. M. ,France, J., editors. Quantitative Aspects of Ruminant Digestion and Metabolism. 2nd edition. Wallingford: CABI Publishing. p. 523550. Interpretive Summary: Technical Abstract: This chapter deals with quantitative aspects of macronutrient metabolism and its regulation in maternal and conceptus tissues in vivo, emphasizing data and concepts generated or revised during the decade since publication of a similar chapter in the first edition of this book (see Bell, 1993). Recent findings on the regulation of nutrient partitioning among maternal tissues, the placenta, and fetus(es) are highlighted, as is new information on placental transport mechanisms.
A Case of Prolonged Depression with Tamoxifen

Tamoxifen is known to trigger depressive symptoms as a result of its anti-estrogenic activity. We experienced a patient with a history of depression, who received tamoxifen (an estrogen partial agonist) as a postoperative therapy for breast cancer and developed an relapse of depressive symptoms after about 10 months of treatment. The symptoms aggravated to the state of psychotic depression. This case was poorly responsive to antidepressants and resistant to treatment, but the symptoms improved after interruption of tamoxifen. This observation suggests that tamoxifen may aggravate depression in severe and refractory conditions.
Freshwater Actinobacteria from sediments of the deep and ancient Lake Baikal (Russia) and their genetic potential as producers of secondary metabolites

Actinobacteria from terrestrial and marine environments produce a variety of natural products that mediate interand intraspecies interactions. In contrast, the potential of freshwater Actinobacteria for secondary metabolite production remains underexplored. Large lakes with a long evolutionary history might contain microflora subjected to unique environmental conditions that favor the evolution of unique metabolic capabilities. One such lake is Lake Baikal (Russia), the deepest lake on earth as well as one of the oldest. In this study, we investigated the genetically encoded secondary metabolic potential of 24 Actinobacteria strains isolated from Lake Baikal sediments. PCR-based screening for genes encoding type I and type II polyketide synthases (PKSs), nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), and halogenases confirmed that all strains possessed at least 1 of these biosynthetic genes. Both PKSs and NRPSs were widely distributed, while halogenase-encoding genes were not detected. Phylogenetic comparison of type I PKS ketosynthase (KS) domain sequences between freshwater isolates and marine and terrestrial strains supported overlap between KSs from these 3 groups. Evaluation of antibiotic activity for chemical extracts from all isolates revealed that 75% produced metabolites inhibitory toward model bacteria and/or fungi. To our knowledge, this study is among the first evaluations of the genetically encoded secondary metabolic capabilities of freshwater sediment Actinobacteria. Our findings highlight the similarities and differences between freshwater and marine Actinobacteria secondary metabolism, suggesting the potential of freshwater Actinobacteria for the production of natural products that may play roles as mediators of interactions between organisms in freshwater habitats.