Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Reflective-AR Display: An Interaction Methodology for Virtual-Real Alignment in Medical Robotics

Robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery has shown to improve patient outcomes, as well as reduce complications and recovery time for several clinical applications. However, increasingly configurable robotic arms require careful setup by surgical staff to maximize anatomical reach and avoid collisions. Furthermore, safety regulations prevent automatically driving robotic arms to this optimal positioning. We propose a Head-Mounted Display (HMD) based augmented reality (AR) guidance system for optimal surgical arm setup. In this case, the staff equipped with HMD aligns the robot with its planned virtual counterpart. The main challenge, however, is the perspective ambiguities hindering such collaborative robotic solution. To overcome this challenge, we introduce a novel registration concept for intuitive alignment of such AR content by providing a multi-view AR experience via reflective-AR displays that show the augmentations from multiple viewpoints. Using this system, operators can visualize different perspectives simultaneously while actively adjusting the pose to determine the registration transformation that most closely superimposes the virtual onto real. The experimental results demonstrate improvement in the interactive alignment of a virtual and real robot when using a reflective-AR display. We also present measurements from configuring a robotic manipulator in a simulated trocar placement surgery using the AR guidance methodology.
Commissioning of 6 MV UNIQUE Performance Medical Accelerator: Dosimetric Evaluation and TPS Validation using AAPM TG -119 and IAEA CIRS Test Cases

To test the overall accuracy and quality of IMRT and VMAT plans following AAPM TG119 and IAEA test recommendation and to validate the test plans for clinical implementation by comparing the calculated and measured doses. The recommendations in AAPM TG119 include planning objectives, dose delivery and measurement conditions for different clinically relevant and common test cases of IMRT & VMAT. IAEA end-to-end audit performed on CIRS phantom to test the overall accuracy of all treatment modalities. The phantom was made to undergo similar processes to a patients undergoing radiotherapy. For cases planned with TG119 recommendation the gamma analysis and point dose measurements were performed. The mean dose observed for IMRT in point dose measurement found to be -0.08% and Confidence Limit obtained were: a) point dose measurements 0.56%b) measured gamma analysis is 4.66 c) Portal dosimetry (PD) gamma analyses is 0.12. VMAT plans shows mean dose variation for point dose measurement is 0.30%and Confidence Limit obtained were: a) point dose measurements 1.15 b) measured gamma analysis is 3.46 (1 ARC) & 3.35 (2 ARC) c) gamma analysis is 0.85 (1 ARC) & 1.36 (2 ARC). IAEA test shows maximum point dose variation 2.149 % in VMAT.
{ “ nickname ” : “ me ” , " name " : “ John Smith “ , “ email ” : “ jsmith

Representational State Transfer (REST), an architectural style providing an abstract model of the web, is by far the most popular platform to build web applications. Developing such applications require well-documented interfaces. However, and despite important initiatives such as the Open API Speci cation, the support for interface description is currently quite limited, focusing essentially on simple syntactic aspects. In this paper we present HeadREST, a dependently-typed language that allows describing semantic aspects of interfaces in a style reminiscent of Hoare triples.
Understanding the impact of sodium on the structural properties of sweet biscuits

The impact of sodium inclusion on the structural properties of sweet biscuits was investigated. Mass loss behaviour of four biscuit doughs (four levels of added salt) during baking (rate of loss, mass loss) was monitored using TGA, and texture properties of the baked biscuits were established with a texture analyser. Reducing the amount of added salt significantly increased the rate of mass loss at the baking phase, and hence, impacted biscuit hardness. Furthermore, less sodium chloride in the dough decreased the intrinsic break strength of the biscuits. This could be explained at a molecular level by changes in the glutenin gliadin cross-linking leading to changes in the gluten network. In contrast, when high levels of sodium chloride were added to the dough, an increased intrinsic biscuit break strength was observed. The present study demonstrates the significant impact of sodium on gluten polymerization during biscuit baking and confirms that sodium inclusion led to a retention of free water necessary for the gluten formation.
A Simple Design of IRS-NOMA Transmission Zhiguo Ding

This letter proposes a simple design of intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) assisted non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) transmission, which can ensure that more users are served on each orthogonal spatial direction than spatial division multiple access (SDMA). In particular, by employing IRS, the directions of users’ channel vectors can be effectively aligned, which facilitates the implementation of NOMA. Both analytical and simulation results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed IRS-NOMA scheme and also study the impact of hardware impairments on IRS-NOMA.
CHAPTER 5 Learning Structures Through Reinforcement

hierarchical action spaces The study by Frank and Badre (2011), discussed above, showed that learning the hierarchical structure of the environment, which simplifies a large unstructured state space into two smaller state spaces selected conditionally on a context, can facilitate learning. It introduced the need to operate RL not only over multiple state spaces but also over an abstract action space, where the action is the decision of which lower-level state space to use. More generally, other complex learning behavior can be obtained by this combination of two characteristics: (1) RL at multiple hierarchical levels simultaneously and (2) RL over abstract higher-level action spaces that control lower-level decisions. In that sense, the higher-level actions are themselves policies mapping lower-level stimuli to lower-level actions. A body of work extended the previous notion of HRL by showing that such abstract actions could be more than just attentional filters (i.e., the dimension of the input to which I should focus my attention for making my decision), and could instead be abstract policies, also called “rules” or task sets (Collins & Frank, 2016a,b, 2013; Collins & Koechlin, 2012). Specifically, similarly to the studies of Badre and colleagues, these studies showed that participants learned to make a choice at a higher level in response to a feature of the environment (e.g., a color) and that the higher-level choice constrained answers to other features of the environment. However, in this case, the higher-level choice was not that one should focus on one dimension and neglect another dimensiondindeed stimuli were only two-dimensional. Rather, the higherlevel choice constrained the correct set of choices for the features of the second dimension (Fig. 5.2G). Learning Structures Through Reinforcement 113
Produktivität und Klimasensitivität von Kiefer (Pinus sylvestris L.) und Fichte (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) im Rein- und Mischbestand-Untersuchungen entlang eines ökologischen Gradienten

Die Baumarten Kiefer und Fichte haben in Deutschland sowohl im Rein-, als auch im Mischbestand eine hohe waldbauliche und ökonomische Bedeutung. Auf Basis von acht neu angelegten temporären Versuchen (Tripletts) konnte gezeigt werden, dass Kiefern-Fichten-Mischbestände gegenüber korrespondierenden Reinbeständen eine um mindestens 5,0% beziehungsweise 0,8 mhaa höhere relative Bestandesproduktivität aufweisen. Diese höhere Bestandesproduktivität wird im Wesentlichen von der Baumart Fichte getragen und äußerst sich in höheren Bestandesdichten (+17,9%) und höheren Einzelbaumzuwächsen (+18,5% in den Mischbeständen). Im vorliegenden Beitrag wurde untersucht, ob der Mehrzuwachs gegebenenfalls auch auf eine bessere Abpufferung von ungünstigen Witterungsbedingungen beziehungsweise eine bessere Ausschöpfung von günstigen Bedingungen zurückzuführen ist. Aufbauend auf Analysen von Bohrspänenund Stammscheiben von insgesamt 571 herrschenden und mitherrschenden Bäumen konnte in ersten Ergebnissen gezeigt werden, dass das Untersuchungsmaterial den dendrochronologischen Grundanforderungen genügt und sich darauf aufbauend baumartenspezifische Klima-(Witterungs-)Zuwachsbeziehungen ableiten lassen. Mit Blick auf die Identifizierung von wachstums-beeinflussenden monatlichen Klimaparametern konnten die in anderen Studien gewonnenen Erkenntnisse auf Basis von baumweisen Regressionskoeffizienten (response coefficients) bestätigt werden. So hatten neben den Frühsommerniederschlägen im Juni, die Temperaturen im März des aktuellen Jahres und bei der Fichte zusätzlich die Temperaturen im Oktober des vorangehenden Jahres den größten positiven Einfluss auf das Durchmesserwachstum. In diesem Zusammenhang ließ sich allerdings nicht die angestrebte Differenzierung von Reinund Mischbestand erreichen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde die klimatische Wasserbilanz als aggregierende Größe über der Vegetationszeit in einem generalisierten additiven gemischten Modell (GAMM response function) verwendet. Hierbei zeigte sich der erwartete signifikante positive Zusammenhang von Wasserverfügbarkeit (klimatischer Wasserbilanz) in der Vegetationszeit und Durchmesserwachstum. Weiterhin konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Baumart Kiefer im Verhältnis zu ihrem individuellen Zuwachsniveau im Vergleich zur Fichte weniger sensibel auf Wasserlimitierung reagiert (+2.5%). Eine Differenzierung von Reinund Mischbestand war allerdings auch in diesem zweiten Untersuchungsteil nicht möglich. Gleichzeitig zeigten sich erste Hinweise, dass es offenbar standortspezifische Modifikationen der allgemeingültigen KlimaZuwachsbeziehungen gibt. So reagierten besser wasserversorgte Standorte tendenziell schneller auf Wasserlimitierung. Diese ersten Befunde müssen im weiteren Verlauf der Untersuchung überprüft und weiter analysiert werden. Darüber hinaus sollen unter anderem noch einzelne Trocken beziehungsweise Extremjahre und das Verhalten von unterständigen Bäumen untersucht werden.
Introduction of Fed 4 IoT project toward federating IoT and cloud infrastructures Concept and future plans

1) Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0072, Japan 2) Internet Initiative Japan Inc., 2-10-2 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0071, Japan 3) Panasonic Corporation, 1-5-1 Higashishinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8301, Japan 4) Kanazawa Institute of Technology, 7-1 Ohgigaoka, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, 921-8501, Japan 5) Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0982, Japan
Prioritization based on Morphometric Analysis in Alaknanda Basin By Thapliyal . A , Panwar . A &

Hydrological analysis and performance of watershed depends on the geoMorphometric individuality of basin. Watershed prioritization for the present study is done via Morphometric analysis. Prioritization of 22 sub-watersheds of Alaknanda basin is done using linear, areal and dimensionless aspects. Sub-watersheds are delineated using ArcGIS as per DEM. Evaluation of drainages and other comparative parameters such as stream order, stream length ratio, stream frequency, form factor, drainage texture, drainage density, elongation ratio, circulatory ratio, compactness constant and bifurcation ratio has been independently calculated for each sub-watershed using remote sensing & GIS techniques. Stream order upto 7 order has been analyzed & study area is divided into 22 sub-watersheds namely SW-1, SW-2 and so on till SW-22. Based on the examination, watersheds are divided into nine categories namely Extremely Very High, Extremely High, Very High, High, Medium, Low, Very Low, Extremely Low & Extremely Very Low in expressions of priority for conservation & preservation of natural resources.
LARGE EDDY SIMULATION OF NON-ISOTHERMAL TURBULENT FLOW PAST A CIRCULAR CYLINDER

Understanding the thermal mixing of coolant jets in the lower plenum of High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactors (HTGR) is very important to address certain design and safety issues. As a step towards developing an experimentally validated computational model for the lower plenum flow, turbulent flow and heat transfer around a circular cylinder is computed using large eddy simulation (LES) at three different Reynolds numbers (3000, 5900, 7400). In the range of the Reynolds number considered in this study, flow undergoes a rapid structural change with Reynolds number which significantly affects the heat transfer characteristics. The major difficulty of predicting turbulent heat transfer around a circular cylinder comes from turbulence modeling. To overcome this issue, a finite-volume solver with compressible flow formulations are used for the simulation. A sub-grid stress (SGS) model is chosen in such a way that LES can predict the physical characteristics of the flow and heat transfer. The LES results are found to be in good agreement with well-known experimental studies available in the literature. The main features of turbulent heat transfer in the subcritical regime are closely captured by LES, namely the thermal boundary layer and the sharp increase in both the mean and the r.m.s. Nusselt number in separation region. The dependence of these quantities on Reynolds number is also captured. The numerical results also confirm that the heat transfer characteristics is closely consistent with the structural change in the flow and is dependent on the Reynolds number. This research lays the groundwork needed to develop a high-fidelity experimentally validated computational model of the complex thermal mixing flow in the HTGR lower plenum.
Power Flow Control in Power System using Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC)

Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Journal. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by /4.0) ABSTRACT In modern times, due to the increasing demand for energy as the transmission network expands, the transmission line must operate under a loaded condition and there is a risk of current drain control and voltage instability. This document proposes the control of energy in a network of power supply systems by including TCSC and SVC devices. The TCSC is a series compensated device to reduce the reactance of the transmission line to improve the current through it, while the SVC is a bypass compensated device and improves the voltage profile. This article presents a systematic procedure for modeling and simulation with MATLAB / SIMULINK (set of blockers for the Simpower system). The optimal location of the TCSC and SVC device is considered for the control of the power flow and the voltage stability limit. The proposed approach is implemented in an 11-state test system model of four two-state machines and the simulated result is presented to validate the proposed test case system. In this paper performance of TCSC and SVC, the device is analyzed and compared with the simulated result for better control of the power flow in the power system.
Evaluations on Current-matching of Multi-junction Photovoltaics under Outdoor Conditions

Key differences of precisely measuring currents on wafer based solar cells and multi-junction solar cells are shortly described at the beginning of the paper. In the next section, the impact of precise Standard Test Condition (STC) measurements on the energy yield prediction by PV simulation software is reviewed, with special mention of the Staebler-Wronski Effect. Solar modules containing amorphous silicon absorbers perform in moderate latitudes in a cyclic way: hot season with higher output and cool season with lower output. Both, spectral variations of the irradiance as well as temperature rise during irradiance are reported in literature contributing to this cycling behaviour, which finally is not an issue but a feature of this technology. In consequence, a ‘design to geography’ approach is suggested for module manufacturers, allowing for higher energy yields even without considerably increasing nameplate power under STC. Standardisation, which highlights the energy yield in addition to STC nameplate power, is identified as urgently needed. A better understanding of amorphous silicon based multi-junction PV modules can only be gained, if more spectrally resolved data acquisition is performed and evaluated for high and low geographic latitudes. Instead of a ‘static’ temperature coefficient, amorphous silicon modules are better characterised with the ‘effective’ temperature coefficient which can become positive e.g. in building integrated heatinsulating PV elements. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore (SERIS) – National University of Singapore (NUS).
Analysis and Simulation of the Time-varying property of Forest Spatial Data

In view of law of stand structure, this paper adopts the whole-to-individual method to obtain individual trees geometrical characters from the whole information of stand forest management inventory, then analyzes and simulates the time-varying property of forest with the self-thinning, competition and the growth model of individual tree. Research result can provide detailed and credible data source so that it can implement the dynamic variation in the virtual forest growth.
Situation-Aware Emotion Regulation of Conversational Agents with Kinetic Earables

Conversational agents are increasingly becoming digital partners of our everyday computing experiences offering a variety of purposeful information and utility services. Although rich on competency, these agents are entirely oblivious to their users' situational and emotional context today and incapable of adjusting their interaction style and tone contextually. To this end, we present a mixed-method study that informs the design of a situation- and emotion-aware conversational agent for kinetic earables. We surveyed 280 users, and qualitatively interviewed 12 users to understand their expectation from a conversational agent in adapting the interaction style. Grounded on our findings, we develop a first-of-its-kind emotion regulator for a conversational agent on kinetic earable that dynamically adjusts its conversation style, tone, volume in response to users emotional, environmental, social and activity context gathered through speech prosody, motion signals and ambient sound. We describe these context models, the end-to-end system including a purpose-built kinetic earable and their real-world assessment. The experimental results demonstrate that our regulation mechanism invariably elicits better and affective user experience in comparison to baseline conditions in different real-world settings.
BOGOMOLOV’S INEQUALITY FOR PRODUCT TYPE VARIETIES IN POSITIVE CHARACTERISTIC

We prove Bogomolov’s inequality for semistable sheaves on product type varieties in arbitrary characteristic. This gives the first examples of varieties with positive Kodaira dimension in positive characteristic on which Bogomolov’s inequality holds for semistable sheaves of any rank. The key ingredient in the proof is a high rank generalization of the slope inequality established by Xiao and Cornalba-Harris. This Bogomolov’s inequality is applied to study the positivity of linear systems and semistable sheaves and construct Bridgeland stability conditions on product type surfaces in positive characteristic. We also give some new counterexamples to Bogomolov’s inequality and pose some open questions.
Text Simplification for Language Learners : A Corpus Analysis

Whenever “the same thing,” need to be expressed using different ways or by various alternatives an automated paraphrase generation mechanism would be useful. One reason why paraphrase generation systems have been difficult to build is because paraphrases are hard to define. Although the strict interpretation of the term “paraphrase” is quite narrow because it requires exactly identical meaning, in linguistics literature paraphrases are most often characterized by an approximate equivalence of semantics across sentences or phrases. This paper presents a survey of paraphrase generation techniques for Indian and foreign languages.
The Treatment of Biomass Fuels in Carbon Emissions Trading Systems

David Kline is the lead author of this paper. Tim Hargrave and Christine Vanderlan are contributing authors. David Kline is a Senior Energy Modeler at the Center for Energy Analysis and Applications, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO. Tim Hargrave is a Senior Policy Analyst at the Center for Clean Air Policy in Washington, DC. Christine Vanderlan is a Program Associate at the Center.
A SIMULATION-OPTIMIZATION APPROACH TO THE INVENTORY MANAGEMENT OF TWO PERISHABLE AND SUBSTITUTABLE ITEMS

In this paper, a simulation-optimization approach is used to analyze an inventory policy for two perishable and substitutable items. A periodic review (R,Si) system of inventory control is considered, where demand for a preferred product can be satisfied by a substitute product with a known probability, in the event of a stockout of the former item. While taking demand substitution and finite product shelf life into account, the retailer is faced with the decision of determining the order-up-to level, Si, for each product i which maximizes expected total profit, given a common review period, R, determined exogenously.
A Database Adapter for Secure Outsourcing to the Cloud

The advent of cloud computing and storage provides numerous opportunities for better management of resources, with the potential of drastically reducing costs. However, when data is outsourced to the cloud, new security vulnerabilities emerge, as the cloud provider (and its employees) are normally not completely trusted by the party that is outsourcing the data. Therefore additional security mechanisms are needed in order to prevent against internal attacks in the cloud provider. Nonetheless, the performance and functionality should be impacted as less as possible. This work presents a database adapter for the secure outsourcing of data that aims at achieving a good performancesecurity trade-off.
Phospholipase D in Stress Activated Lipid Signaling in Plants

Phospholipid hydrolysing enzymes, phospholipase D are represented by multiple gene members encoding various isoforms in plants. Different PLD isoforms display a varying requirement for the Ca and the substrate lipid molecules for their function. By hydrolysing the phosphodiester bond of phospholipids and generating phosphatidic acid (PA), and a soluble head group, phospholipase D regulates various cellular processes in plants such as abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, programmed cell death, defense response to wounding and pathogens, root growth, freezing tolerance and other physiological responses. Studies suggest association of phospholipase D members with various biotic and abiotic stresses and their possible role in stress mediated signaling in plants, as their transcript level and protein activity changes upon exposure to stress stimuli. The focus of this review is discussion of the expression pattern and the functional role of different phospholipase D isoforms under various abiotic and biotic stresses, and the modulation of the stress signaling events leading to stress adaptation and tolerance in plants. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
PR ] 2 0 Ju l 2 01 9 Mean and Minimum of Independent Random Variables

We show that any pair X,Y of independent non-compactly supported random variables on [0,∞) satisfies lim inf m→∞ P(min(X,Y ) > m |X + Y > 2m) = 0. We conjecture multi-variate and weighted generalizations of this result, and prove them under the additional assumption that the random variables are identically distributed.