Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Exploring the wakes of large offshore wind farms

Offshore meteorological characteristics set specific conditions for the operation of offshore wind farms. One specific feature is low turbulence intensity which on the one hand reduces loads on turbines but on the other hand is the reason for much longer turbine and farm wakes than over land. The German Government is presently funding a research project called WIPAFF (Wind PArk Far Field) which heads for the analysis of properties and impacts of offshore wind park far fields. The focus is on the analysis of wind farm wakes, their interaction among each other and their regional climate impact. This is done by in-situ, extensive aircraft and satellite measurements and by operating meso-scale wind field models and an analytical wind farm model.
Quality of organic and conventional carrots.

At Jogeva Plant Breeding Institute, cultivation of the Estonian carrot variety 'Jogeva Nantes' conventionally (with application of mineral fertilizers: N 115, P 40 and K 152 kg ha -1 and pesticides: Fenix, Actara 25 WG, Agil and Signum) and organically (compost, Humistar, agryl cover) was compared. Marketable yield of organic carrots was 11 % higher than that of conventionally grown carrots. Conventional carrots contained pesticide residues and had significantly higher nitrate concentration than organic carrots. Contents of dry matter, total sugars, soluble solids, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium did not significantly differ between carrots between cultivation systems. The contents of ss-carotene, vitamin C and nitrogen were significantly lower in organically grown than in conventionally grown carrot.
Reliable Control for Time-Varying Delay Switched Fuzzy Systems with Faulty Actuators Based on Observers Switching Method

This paper deals with the reliable control problem of nonlinear systems represented by switched fuzzy systems (SFS) with time-varying delay, where each subsystem of switched system is a time-varying delay fuzzy system. A switched fuzzy system with a Takagi and Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model, which differs from existing ones, is firstly employed to describe a nonlinear system. When the actuators are serious failure, the residual part of actuators cannot make original system stability, using switching technique depends on the states of observers, and the fuzzy reliable controller based on measured observers states instead of the original system states information is built. The stabilization criterion of the reliable control problem is given for the case that the state of original system is unmeasurable. The multi-Lyapunov functions method is utilized to the stability analysis and controller design for time-varying delay switched fuzzy systems with faulty actuators. Moreover, observers switching strategy achieving estimation errors decreasing uniformly asymptotically to zero of the switched fuzzy systems is considered. Finally, the stabilization criterion is transformed into the solvability of sufficient linear matrix inequality (LMI) conditions. To illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed stabilization criterion and controller design approaches, a designed numerical example is studied, and some simulations are provided.
Advances in Metabolic Engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the Production of Industrially and Clinically Important Chemicals

Sustainable production of chemicals is of increasing importance, due to depletion of petroleum and environmental concerns. In addition to its importance in basic research as a simple, eukaryotic model organism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has long been exploited in industry because of its physiological properties. And today, the development in genetic engineering toolbox and genome-scale metabolic models of S. cerevisiae has extended its application range to new products and bioprocesses. In addition, evolutionary engineering strategies have been useful in improving cellular properties of S. cerevisiae , such as tolerance to product toxicity and inhibitors. In this chapter, recent metabolic and evolutionary engineering studies that involve S. cerevisiae for the production of bulk chemicals and fine chemicals including flavours and pharmaceuticals are reviewed. It was shown that metabolic engineering particularly allowed the improvement of pharmaceuticals production, which will enable economic and large-scale production of many valuable pharmaceuticals. It is clear that S. cerevisiae will continue to be an important host for future metabolic engineering and metabolic pathway engineering applications to produce a variety of industrially and clinically important
The Comparison between Two Methods for the Relief of Knee Osteoarthritis Pain: Radiofrequency and Intra-Periarticular Ozone Injection: A Clinical Trial Study

Knee osteoarthritis is not always well controlled by usual treatments, therefore new therapeutic methods such as radiofrequency and ozone injection should be investigated. Comparing the efficacy of two methods: radiofrequency and intra-periarticular ozone injection. This randomized clinical trial study was performed in an academic Pain Clinic of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in Iran from September 2014 to June 2015. The research was carried out on seventy-two patients, were randomly allocated in two groups by triple blocks. thirty-six patients in ozone group received intra-periarticular ozone injection and 36 patients in RF group, after a positive diagnostic genicular nerve blocks received Conventional Radiofrequency(CRF)and then intra articular Pulse Radiofrequency(PRF). The evaluation was based on Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Oxford Knee Score (OKS) before and 12 weeks after the procedure. The analysis was performed by paired t-test, Fisher, Chi square and Mann-Whitney-U tests in SPSS version18. In Ozone group the mean of initial OKS was 38.77±7.75 compare to 41.22±7.44 in RF group. After 12 weeks, it diminished to 21.77±7.78 and 22±6.21 respectively (p=0.0001). In Ozone group VAS decreased from 9±1.43 to 3.38±1.79 (p=0.0001) while in RF group from 9.44±0.85 to 2.77±1.06 (p=0.0001). Comparing two methods, there was no significant difference between two groups based on OKS(p=0.23) and VAS (p=0.202). Also RF resulted in more acceptable pain relief based on OKS among subjects older than 65 years (p=0.0001). Both radiofrequency and intra-periarticular ozone injection have good clinical effects on knee osteoarthritis with superiority of radiofrequency in age above 65 years old.
On Document Representation and Term Weights in Text Classification

In the automated text classification, a bag-of-words representation followed by the tfidf weighting is the most popular approach to convert the textual documents into various numeric vectors for the induction of classifiers. In this chapter, we explore the potential of enriching the document representation with the semantic information systematically discovered at the document sentence level. The salient semantic information is searched using a frequent word sequence method. Different from the classic tfidf weighting scheme, a probability based term weighting scheme which directly reflect the term’s strength in representing a specific category has been proposed. The experimental study based on the semantic enriched document representation and the newly proposed probability based term weighting scheme has shown a significant improvement over the classic approach, i.e., bag-of-words plus tfidf, in terms of Fscore. This study encourages us to further investigate the possibility of applying the semantic enriched document representation over a wide range of text based mining tasks.
Strategic Information Transmission: Comment

Crawford and Sobel (1982) developed a model of strategic information transmission in which a better-informed sender sends a possibly informative signal to a decision-making receiver and studied how strategically transmitted information is related to the analogy between the two players' interests. They adopted the Bayesian Nash equilibrium as their equilibrium concept and showed that the signal by the sender, the transmitted information, is more informative in pareto-superior equilibrium when the players' interests are more analogous. Their analyses, however, are not complete in that they analyzed the model based on partial consideration of the players' behavior, mixed behavior of the sender and pure behavior of the receiver. In the present study, we attempt to complete their analyses by analyzing the model based on full consideration of the players' behavior, both pure and mixed behavior. We adopt the Nash equilibrium as our equilibrium concept and conclude that results in our complete analyses are similar to the results in Crawford and Sobel (1982).
A study on how to improve the mass evacuation at sea with the use of survival crafts

The development of maritime safety is often triggered by accidents. The purpose of this study is to learn how mass evacuation with survival crafts can be improved at sea, by reviewing the publicly available information from some of the most recent accidents. Information has been collected and analyzed from official investigation reports, passenger statements and the reporting of media. In addition, interviews have been conducted with experts in the maritime field in order to reach conclusions.
Determinants of Expected Wages of Unemployed Workers in Turkey

In this study, determinants of expected wages of unemployed individuals in Turkey have been analyzed. In addition to duration of unemployment, reservation wage, and previous wage, the effect of demographic and economic factors has also been studied. The data which were obtained from 1607 individuals who were included in a nationwide survey has been analyzed by the two stage least squares method. Our findings show that previous wage, age, the level of education, the number of foreign languages spoken, the number of job offers the individual receives, and whether the individual receives state assistance determine the expected wage. Obtained results are important because they show how individuals price the variables that determine their own productivities. In addition, our study sheds light on relationships between reservation wage, duration of unemployment, previous wage, and expected wage within the context of Turkey.
Peer characteristic moderation of peer influence in the adolescent initiation of drinking

BRANDON WAGNER: Peer Characteristic Moderation of Peer Influence in the Adolescent Initiation of Drinking (Under the Direction of Kathleen Mullan Harris) While it is understood that peers influence the behaviors of individuals, very little work has examined how the characteristics of peers factor into the influence process. Examining the adolescent transition to alcohol usage, this paper focuses on how peer characteristics, in particular age, change the influence a peer exerts. With data from the in-school and Wave 1 collection of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, I use two different approaches in order to minimize the issue of endogeneity that plagues peer research: an instrumental variable approach that uses school grade configuration to instrument having older friends and a dyad approach that measures changing similarity between friends as a function of individual and peer characteristics. While there are no significant findings from the instrumental variable approach, the results from the dyad analysis reveal evidence that adolescent are more likely to change their drinking behavior to match that of older friends.
Evolution, communication, and the proper function of language

Language is both a biological and a cultural phenomenon. Our aim here is to discuss, in an evolutionary perspective, the articulation of these two aspects of language. For this, we draw on the general conceptual framework developed by Ruth Millikan (1984) while at the same time dissociating ourselves from her view of language.
Ion Migration Polarization in the Yttria Stabilized Zirconia Based Metal-Oxide-Metal and Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Stacks for Resistive Memory

We report the investigations of the ion migration polarization in the yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thin films in the Metal-Oxide-Metal (MOM) and Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) stacks due to the drift of the oxygen vacancies under the external bias voltage applied between the electrodes. The parameters characterizing the drift of the oxygen vacancies in YSZ such as the ion drift activation energy, mobile ion concentration, and the drift mobility have been determined in the temperature range 300–500 K. These data are important for deeper understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of the electroforming and resistive switching in the YSZ-based MOM and MOS stacks, which are promising for the Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) and other memristor device applications.
Estimating the Intertemporal Substitution Elasticity

We estimate the intertemporal substitution elasticity (EIS) under a simple proxy method and instrument variable (IV) methods, addressing the seasonality effect, wealth-related fluctuation in relative risk aversion (RRA), and the time aggregation problem. The empirical tests are based on the pooled data consisting of 24 countries and two sub-samples, namely, continental European and emerging countries. The proxy method generates theoretically unacceptable negative EIS everywhere and its underlying assumption of martingale inflation is rejected. TSLS does hardly better, but GMM produces significantly positive EIS estimates. Enriching the regression equation with consumption seasonals and effects from asset markets - modeled as both main effects and interactions with the real interest rate, as theory suggests - again produces significantly positive, and higher, EIS. The resulting RRA, 1 to 4, chimes well with the numbers found in unconditional market-portfolio studies within a mean-variance framework.
The Casual Relations Between the Economic Growth and Financial Development in Greece: An Empirical Research for the Causality Analysis

The main object of this research focuses on the empirical study of the causal relation among the degree of openness of the economy, the financial and economic growth using a multi-variate autoregressive model VAR. The long-term relation among GDP, the financial development and the degree of openness of the economy are based on the Cointegration test results. The Granger causality test, using the Vector Autoregration Estimate and the error correction model, suggests that there is a dynamic two-way causal link between the variables GDP and OPEN. In addition, there is an one way causal link between the variables GDP and FD and finally we observed an one way causal link between the variables OPEN and FD.
of Biostatistics

We propose a methodological framework to assess heterogeneous patterns of association amongst components of a random vector expressed as a Gaussian directed acyclic graph. The proposed framework is likely to be useful when primary interest focuses on potential contrasts characterizing the association structure between known subgroups of a given sample. We provide inferential frameworks as well as an efﬁcient computational algorithm to ﬁt such a model and illustrate its validity through a simulation. We apply the model to Reverse Phase Protein Array data on Acute Myeloid Leukemia patients to show the contrast of association structure between refractory patients and relapsed patients.
Sustainable Cements and Concrete for the Climate Change Era - A Review

This paper includes a brief introduction to the sustainability crisis from climate change that has emerged as the most serious and immediate threat to life and environment on the earth. Latest data confirm that heat-trapping gases, primarily CO2, is the major cause of the problem that must be controlled by drastic cuts in the carbon-emitting sectors of the industrialized and urbanized world. The global cement industry is also responsible for large carbon emissions attributable to portland clinker production. At the same, with middle class population soaring in rapidly developing countries, global cement and concrete industry projects high growth rates. Earlier publications generally failed to reconcile these two contradictory demands on the concrete construction industry. This state-of-the-art review, therefore, is based on a few selected and most recent publications including latest reports by World Business Council for Sustainable Development, and Gigaton Throwdown Initiative. Brief reviews are presented of HighVolume Fly Ash Concrete Technology – a proven, low-cost, technology for reducing cement and clinker consumption, and a holistic roadmap based on this technology for developing sustainable concrete industry.
On International Policy Coordination and the Correction of Global Imbalances

Global current account imbalances are generally seen as a threat to world growth. Given that they are projected to remain high, in an environment of prevailing downside risks, what could be done to reduce these imbalances? Using NiGEM, a large-scale multi-country model, we build up a global rebalancing scenario by assuming policy coordination at world level. This scenario considers that advanced economies adopt more ambitious fiscal consolidation (Layer 1) and structural reforms to boost potential output (Layer 2), whereas large emerging market surplus economies increase exchange rate flexibility and carry out structural reforms aimed at supporting domestic demand (Layer 3). Our main findings are the following. The global rebalancing scenario would reduce global imbalances by one quarter and world GDP would rise in a five-year period, lending support to the view that multilateral coordinated policy action would imply stronger, more sustainable and balanced growth of the world economy. Nevertheless, and contrary to recent analysis by the IMF, this scenario would carry some costs, specifically for some of the major advanced deficit economies which would experience a fall in GDP relative to the baseline.
Foraging strategies of grey-headed albatrosses Thalassarche chrysostoma: integration of movements, activity and feeding events

We identified a range of foraging strategies adopted by grey-headed albatrosses Tha- lassarche chrysostoma rearing chicks at Bird Island, South Georgia, by simultaneously using satellite telemetry, wet/dry activity recorders and stomach temperature loggers. The albatrosses foraged mostly over oceanic waters, probably associated with the Polar Front north of South Georgia, and also over shelf-slope waters around the Antarctic Peninsula. After leaving the colony, birds commuted to areas with predictable prey concentrations, where they remained for several days. During search periods, birds landed more often and had a higher intake rate, but spent the same proportion of time in flight as on commuting days. Although intake rates were particularly high in shelf-break waters around the Antarctic Peninsula (only one individual foraged in this area), prey were also consumed in reasonable quantities during commuting flights. While at sea, birds spent most (81%) of the day flying, and most (94%) of the night resting on the water. A considerable proportion (26% by mass) of prey was consumed during darkness. The majority of prey were detected and captured during search flights, but 35% were located while sitting on the sea surface. Many ingestion events (up to 27% of the overall food intake) showed temperature signatures characteristic of fluids, suggesting that alba- trosses may feed on gelatinous and rapidly digested prey (e.g. salps and jellyfish) much more often than previously suspected. Diet samples delivered to the chicks comprised mostly squid (particularly Martialia hyadesi) and Antarctic krill Euphausia superba.
The Building of European Identity

The paper will investigate if the building of a European identity is already underway, noting that identity-building processes rest on a common set of processes, issuing in: symbol systems; collective rituals, ceremonies, public holidays, etc.; behavioural codes of conduct and values inspired by mythical societies of forefathers (as inspired by historical accounts), providing a template for a future society. European Union is merely an expanded economic bloc built on entrenched autonomies, or is a new collective identity emerging? With reference to common symbols, Europe boasts all the apparel of identity, namely it has a flag, anthem, motto and currency. At the same time there are signs indicating a strengthening of the common identity. As of 1985 Europe has also celebrated the May 9 anniversary, and other types of European events are starting to take hold from the bottom up. White Night art festivals, or Museum Nights for example. The latter events seek to establish a common identity by leveraging Europe's culture and heritage, its monuments and museums, and by seeking to inform the broader public of Europe's track record in the areas of arts, humanities and science. As previously noted, national identities draw on a historical past, on former models for society and on behavioural models underlying the latter. A research into leading European personalities both historical and contemporary, carried out in some European countries offers similar answers and image of ideal European society.
Impact of IFRS on Accounting Data – Gray Index of Conservatism Applied to Some European Listed Companies

Abstract The Gray index of conservatism (also called index of comparability) is a good instrument to assess differences between two or more sets of accounting standards. We use this index to measure the impact of the compulsory application of IFRS in Europe, in 2005. The sample contains data from almost 600 companies listed on Euronext markets in 2005 (Amsterdam, Brussels, Lisbon, and Paris). The paper analyzes some accounting figures such as equity, net income, leverage, return on equity and return on assets. The results confirm that former Belgian, French, and Portugal GAAP were more conservative than IFRS. In some cases, for all the countries the IFRS numbers seem to be much less conservative.
WHAT INFLUENCE THE COMPANY’S ECONOMIC VALUE ADDED? EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM CHINA'S SECURITIES MARKET

This paper empirically examined what would influence economic value added of the companies listed in China’s securities market. The methods of Factor analysis and multivariable linear regression model were used here. It drew the conclusion that the company’s capital structure, profit ability, size, growth ability, management ability, and industry’s return on equity had positive influence on EVA, indicating that these factors had an active influence on EVA. The intangible asset had poor negative relationship with EVA. And the inventory management ability had no influence on EVA. The possible reasons were discussed later and, some advice was given at the end in order to increase the company’s economic value. Key words: Economic value added, Influence factor, China