Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AUTOMATIC FEATURE SELECTION FOR COMBINED IASI / GOME-2 OZONE PROFILE RETRIEVAL

The Neural Network Ozone Retrieval System (NNORSY) version 2 uses hierarchical neural networks to retrieve the atmospheric ozone profile from the combined spectra of the GOME-2 and IASI instruments on METOP. Formerly, we used a similar method with a single neural net to retrieve ozone from several UV/VIS sensors. The reason for originally developing a hierarchical network model lies in the overwhelming complexity of a joint retrieval paired with very high computational costs, which made it impossible for a simple 3-layer feed-forward neural net to learn the highly non-linear mapping from combined UV/VIS and IR spectra to ozone profiles. Recent advances in computing technology have now made the hierarchical approach mostly obsolete, as our new network training software accelerates learning by a factor of more than 100 using graphics processing units (GPUs). This enables us to use Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) with five or more layers, which can learn the higher order correlations between input spectra and target profiles without a semi-automated hierarchical network construction step. Due to these improvements in automation and speed, it was possible to implement a meta-learning approach using a state-of-the-art exploration technique named PGPE (Policy Gradients with Parameter-based Exploration; Sehnke et al. 2010), a recently developed Reinforcement Learning algorithm which has been found to have numerous advantages over evolutionary strategies. This algorithm automatically trains many networks with differing input features and architecture until the best combination is found. This leads to an improvement of retrieval accuracy especially in the troposphere and UTLS region. In this paper we present the new approach and compare the former more physically based channel selection for GOME-2 and IASI with the results of the automated feature selection process. While many spectral channels come out as expected, there are also several interesting differences which we are going to discuss.
Brodmann’s Brain Map; The Need for a Modern Brain Map

On 1909, Bordmann proposed his brain map model with 43 areas. In his model, he based on the hypothesis that structures similar in morphology will have similar functions. His model remained the classic brain map for the past century and used to shape our understanding of the brain. New technologies showed that the hypothesis Brodmann used in his model is not that accurate, these technologies, including brain imaging, raised the rationale for a new brain map model. In 2016, a new model that contained 180 distinct regions in each hemisphere is an example of how new technologies should be used in this regard.
Experimental investigation and effective medium approximation of thermal conductivity of water based exfoliated Graphene nanofluids

In this work Graphene (Gr) flake was exfoliated using the solvents N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone (NMP) and processed by systematic centrifugation. Raman spectroscopy and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) analysis were conducted for the characterization of as fabricated Gr flakes. Exfoliated Gr was re-dispersed into the deionized water (DW) with the aid of vacuum filtration process. Then five different nanofluid samples were prepared by dispersing Gr in DW (Gr/DW). In these samples volume fractions of Gr were varied from 0.10 to 0.30 % in DW. Systematic thermal conductivity (TC) measurements were conducted separately on the prepared Gr dispersed nanofluid samples. Prediction of TC enhancements for Gr/DW nanofluids were explained by analytical explanation with the modification of effective medium approach (EMA). In the approximation low filling of Gr flake and its random orientation were taken into consideration with the effect of ultrathin Gr fake’s basal plane TC. The model predictions agreed very well with the measured TCs of as produced exfoliated Gr/DW nanofluids. It was shown that, using exfoliated Gr flakes of extremely wide basal plane with negligible thickness and non-flat or crumpled ratio was an efficient factor to obtain the considerably better agreement with the TC enhancements of Gr/DW nanofluids.
Field Study of Abrasive Blasting with Quartz Sand: Factors Affecting the Potential for Incidental Exposure to Respirable Silica

Charles D. Brantley. Field Study of Abrasive Blasting With Quartz Sand: Factors Affecting the Potential for Incidental Exposure to Respirable Silica (With direction from Dr. Parker C. Reist) The use of quartz sand in high velocity abrasive blasting of steel is common in many Gulf Coast fabrication facilities. This activity has been recognized as generating high respirable silica concentrations in proximity to the blasting nozzles as evidenced by personal samples taken on blast workers over the years by several investigators. There remains limited published data useful to "plan" a sand blasting site such that other workers, however far away, are not exposed to damaging concentrations of respirable silica. Fixed sampling arrays consisting of personal respirable samplers (ACGIH and BMRC outpoints) and high volume samplers (using 8" x 10") filters were positioned in down-plume positions for 10 different worksites in a large Gulf Coast steel fabrication yard during the month of July 1991. Results of 126 gravimetric respirable samples, 34 high volume samples, 14 "zero dilution" chamber tests, and 42 analyses(contracted) for crystalline quartz demonstrated several interesting results. In general, downwind respirable silica concentrations varied as distance (D"''^) from the source. The results were also consistent with Button's point source model(for the distances studied) where concentration varied as the distance (D''^') from the source.
Optoelectronic Humidity and Temperature Sensor using Apodized Pi-Phase Shifted Fiber Bragg Grating

Abstract Optoelectronic Humidity and Temperature Sensor using Apodized Pi-Phase Shifted Fiber Bragg Grating Navjot Kaur Humidity control and moisture detection have a wide range of applications in major industries like food storage, chemical plants, electronic instruments, building/construction, medicine, museums and libraries. The most reliable humidity detection methods using capacitors and resistors fail under hazardous operational environments like transformers. Optical gratings based sensors are hence preferred in such conditions due to their properties of light weight, remote sensing and immunity to electro-magnetic interferences. In this work, an optical humidity sensor based on a rarely investigated FBG is developed. It is called a π-phase shifted fiber Bragg grating (PSFBG). A sharp spectrum signal of PSFBG promises higher resolution in sensing applications. The surface area of the grating developed along an optical cable is coated by a hygroscopic polymer, Polyimide, that undergoes a reversible volume expansion on exposure to humidity. This leads to stress onto the grating and further a shift in the Bragg wavelength. In order to investigate the electromagnetic wave propagation inside the core of fiber, a study is conducted in COMSOL multiphysics. The implementation of an optical fiber as humidity sensor is modeled. The mechanism of humidity absorption by the polymer layer is simulated and analyzed. Spectral improvements in the sensor signal in terms of interference are implemented using an optimized apodization function. The spectral signal of sensing element is simulated by transfer matrix solution of coupled mode theory in MATLAB. The results of modeling are used to fabricate a sensor containing two 24-mm PSFBGs separated by 12 mm. A distributed feedback laser scanner is used to precisely characterize and evaluate the device performance. The sensor response to changes in humidity and temperature of the environment is recorded. The experimental results are relatively in good agreement with those obtained theoretically.
Final Year Project A First-Person VR Puzzle Game

At present, an increasing number of games are developed as an open-ended puzzle game. They provides different methods for player to solve the puzzles in the game in order to reach different stages, stories or endings of the game. The underlying rationale is to the room for player to utilize his/her creativity throughout the whole game. Therefore, the gaming experience is reinforced. This paper demonstrates the development procedures of Dream Driver, a new first-person VR puzzle game cooperating with the concept of dream with open-ended design. Players can achieve what they are thinking in our game like they had in their dream. Currently, Dream Driver is a Personal Computer (PC) game using Unity on Window platform written in C# language which allows players to the character in virtual world by HTC Vive using VIVE Input Utility (VIU). Players can also interact with most of 3D models in stage and Summon Items with controllers. In later stage, the environment of every puzzle/stage, the interaction between Summon Items and objects, and the saving and loading system will be implemented. The graphical user interface (GUI) and the effects of actions will be further developed to reinforce the gaming experience.
PATTERN RECOGNITION OF ENVIRONMENTAL SOUNDS USING TIME-FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS

Environmental sounds are signals recorded in areas of environmental or ecological interest, that convey information as to the status, the inhabitation and the use / human activities of the area. An increasing research interest in this field has recently produced an increasing number of databases that contain environmental sounds. The need for automatic event classification within the recordings of such databases has accordingly grown in importance. In this paper, a novel method for the automatic recognition of environmental sounds is presented. The signals tested are echolocation calls produced by different species of bats. In the proposed method, each signal is processed to yield a time-frequency distribution, as the basis for the feature extraction. Time-frequency distributions are then compressed by extracting appropriate features. The feature vectors formed are introduced to an Artificial Neural Network classifier, in order to obtain classification decisions for each sound / event. Experimental results obtained from the classification of the bats’ echolocation calls verify that the proposed method is capable to discriminate the aforementioned family of environmental sounds. The potential of the proposed method to perform well for other classes of environmental sounds is based on its generic, signal independent nature.
Temperature and grain size dependences of mechanical properties of nanocrystalline copper by molecular dynamics simulation

Nanocrystalline copper (Cu) is considered to be one of the best interconnected material in integration circuit (IC) industry, because of its ultra-low resistivity and high mechanical stability. Mechanical properties of nanocrystalline Cu are completely different from those of bulk monocrystalline Cu. These properties are of high importance in the assessment of the thermo-mechanical reliability of the interconnected IC structure. To investigate the effects of the grain sizes and temperature on the mechanical properties of nanocrystalline Cu, molecular dynamics simulations of uniaxial tensile test are performed in this study. The results show that the elastic modulus of nanocrystalline Cu with grain sizes of 4.65–12.41 nm gradually increases with the increase of the mean grain sizes, the corresponding flow stress concurrently increases, and the flow stress is proportional to the square-root of the grain size, which satisfies the inverse-Hall–Petch relation. Furthermore, the elastic modulus linearly decreases with the increase of temperature. The coupled effect of the flow stress, strain rate and temperature were elaborated by the Arrhenius hyperbolic sinusoidal model. Meanwhile, the deformation activation energy of nanocrystalline Cu for various grain sizes were obtained. All of the tensile simulation tests confirmed that the mechanism of plastic deformation for nanocrystalline Cu with 4.65–12.41 nm grain sizes is mainly specific to the grain boundary sliding and grain rotation. The dislocation nucleation and migration, which is usually the deformation mechanism of plasticity for macroscopic materials, is no longer the dominant factor for nanocrystalline Cu.
Subsurface residual stress analysis in Ti-6Al-4V additive manufactured parts by synchrotron x-ray diffraction

Synchrotron X-ray diffraction is a powerful non-destructive technique for the analysis of the material stress-state. High cooling rates and heterogeneous temperature distributions during additive manufacturing lead to high residual stresses. These high residual stresses play a crucial role in the ability to achieve complex geometries with accuracy since they can promote distortion of parts during manufacturing. Furthermore, residual stresses are critical for the mechanical performance of parts in terms of durability and safety. In the present study, Ti-6Al-4V bridge-like specimens were manufactured additively by selective laser melting (SLM) under different laser scanning speed conditions in order to compare the effect of process energy density on the residual stress state. Subsurface residual stress analysis was conducted by means of synchrotron X-ray diffraction in energy dispersive mode for three conditions: as-built on base plate, released from base plate, and after heat treatment on the base plate. The quantitative residual stress characterization shows a correlation with the qualitative bridge curvature method. Computed tomography (CT) was carried out to ensure that no stress relief took place owing to the presence of porosity. CT allows obtaining spatial and size pores distribution which helps in optimization of the SLM process. High tensile residual stresses were found at the lateral surface for samples in the as-built conditions. We observed that higher laser energy density during fabrication leads to lower residual stresses. Samples in released condition showed redistribution of the stresses due to distortion.
Fox Functional Heterogeneity in the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis

Early work stressed the differing involvement of the central amygdala (CeA) and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) in the genesis of fear versus anxiety, respectively. In 2009, Walker, Miles, and Davis proposed a model of amygdala-BNST interactions to explain these functional differences. This model became extremely influential and now guides a new wave of studies on the role of BNST in humans. Here, we consider evidence for and against this model, in the process highlighting central principles of BNST organization. This analysis leads us to conclude that BNST’s influence is not limited to the generation of anxiety-like responses to diffuse threats, but that it also shapes the impact of discrete threatening stimuli. It is likely that BNST-CeA interactions are involved in modulating responses to such threats. In addition, whereas current views emphasize the contributions of the anterolateral BNST region in anxiety, accumulating data indicate that the anteromedial and anteroventral regions also play a critical role. The presence of multiple functional subregions within the small volume of BNST raises significant technical obstacles for functional imaging studies in humans.
Teachers’ efficacy beliefs in the implementation of senior high school economics curriculum

The purpose of this study was to assess the level of economics teachers’ efficacy beliefs in the implementation of Senior High School Economics curriculum. This study did not only assess the level of Economics teachers’ efficacy, beliefs, but also examined the differences in teacher efficacy beliefs across gender and professional qualifications. The study focused on Senior High School Economics teachers in the Western Region of Ghana. Descriptive survey design was used to determine the level of Economics teachers’ efficacy beliefs and the differences in teacher efficacy beliefs across gender and professional qualification. Simple random sampling was used to select 123 Economics teachers. The long form of Teacher Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES) was used to collect the data and the data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation and T-test. The results showed that teachers have high efficacy beliefs in the implementation of Senior High School Economics curriculum. Again, there were no statistically significant differences in teacher efficacy level across gender and professional qualification. It was recommended that teachereducators, Ghana Education Service and school authorities should organize selfefficacy enhancement programmes for teachers so as to sustain or improve their efficacy beliefs.
Countermeasure against fingerprinting attack in Tor by separated contents retrieval

Tor (The Onion Router) realizes that anonymous web surfing without revealing the user’s identity. However, A. Panachenko et al. reveals that an onion router that directly communicates with a user can infer which website a user accesses by leveraging site-specific traffic features, e.g., volume and time, and this attack is called the fingerprinting attack. In this paper, we propose a countermeasure against the fingerprinting attack by obfuscating site-specific traffic features. The idea is to establish two distinct Tor connections and to separately request text-based contents and imagebased one through them. We show the effectiveness of our scheme with experiments.
The effects of multilayer clouds on MODIS cloud effective radius and optical thickness retrievals

The focus of our study is the observation of multilayer clouds by satellites. Specifically, we are concerned with how thin cirrus clouds overlying lower level water clouds affect the retrievals of cloud effective radius (re) and optical thickness (t). Several multilayer cloud detection techniques have recently been proposed and developed for high spatial resolution imaging instruments such as AVHRR, VIIRS, and MODIS (e.g. Pavolonis and Heidinger, 2004; Nasiri and Baum, 2004). While the potential for cloud property retrieval errors due to overlapping or multilayer clouds is frequently mentioned (e.g. Wielicki et al., 1995; Chung et al., 2000; Platnick et al., 2003), only a few studies have looked at the effects of overlapping clouds on particular retrieval schemes. Xiong et al. (2002) examine satellite cloud retrievals in the Arctic using AVHRR data. They model the specific situation in which a thin cirrus cloud with re = 30 μm and t = 0.2 overlays a water cloud for which the re and t are allowed to vary. Compared to the true water cloud effective radius, the retrieved re is larger by 35% to 50%. The retrieved t is smaller by 70% to 80%, compared to the water cloud. A study by Dong et al. (2002) looks at stratus cloud retrievals from GOES, aircraft and ground-based retrievals. They estimate that contamination by a cirrus cloud with t ~ 0.25 might increase stratus re retrievals by ~ 4% to 9%.
Research on architecture for cyber-physical systems based on multi-view

Cyber-Physical Systems(CPS)has occupied the first place among the eight important information technology fields in America, and it is becoming a hot spot in China as well. By analyzing the current research status of CPS at home and abroad,three new types of architecture for CPS are proposed from three views, which are system, function and technology. The relationship among the three views is also illustrated. The architecture for CPS based on multi-view is validated by the micro-grid CPS.Moreover, the directions for future study of CPS are put forward.
Program Analysis Using Code Instrumentation Techniques

In C or C++ program Memory is allocated but not freed, this allocated memory consuming memory and acquires valuable space of memory. Other one is Memory deallocated more than once i.e. double free, deleting unallocated memory, these are the examples which decrease the performance of executable program. So that we use a technique depends on dynamic program analysis and results of the pin tool. To find memory leakages, using source as well as binary level, pin tool is help full to find memory leakages created with the help of pin framework developed by Intel.
Changing trend and significance of serum IL-2 and IL-4 levels in rats with nephrotic syndrome

Objective: To investigate the relation between nephrotic syndrome (NS) and expression of interleukin-2 (IL2) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) in serum of a NS rat model. Methods: A total of 40 healthy male Wistar rats were modeled and among these, 30 were randomly selected as the observation group according to a random number table. The NS model was established by one-time jugular vein injection of puromycin aminonucleoside. The remaining 10 rats underwent sham operation and served as the control group. After the model was established, peripheral blood was collected from all rats in both groups via the orbital venous plexus on day 1, day 7, and day 14. Serum levels of IL-2 and IL-4 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and serum albumin and renal function index were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer. Prior to sacrificing the animals, urine was collected for 24 hours, and the biuret method was employed to determine the 24-hour urinary protein excretion rate. Results: In the observation group, typical NS symptoms, including proteinuria and edema, were observed 14 days after surgery. In 27 rats, the NS model was successfully established, and 3 rats died. The success rate was 90%. In the control group, 1 rat died 14 days after sham surgery, and the surgical success rate was 90%. The serum levels of IL-4 and creatinine levels on day 1, day 7, and day 14 of the observation group were significantly higher compared to those of the control group (all P<0.001). The 24-hour urinary protein excretion rates on day 7 and day 14 of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (both P<0.001). Moreover, the levels of IL-2 and serum albumin of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (both P<0.001). In addition, on day 1 and day 7, the levels of blood urea nitrogen in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (both P<0.05). Conclusion: The IL-2 level in the serum of NS rats decreased, whereas the IL-4 level increased, which might be related to the occurrence and development of NS.
Children's Sentential Complement Use Leads the Theory of Mind Development Period: Evidence from the CHILDES Corpus

Converging evidence suggests that children’s linguistic and theory of mind (ToM) development are linked. Specifically, learning the sentential complement grammatical structure has been shown to play a causal role in the development of some false belief reasoning skills. Here, we extend this line of work to examine this relationship in the wild by means of a corpus analysis of children’s speech during the typical period of ToM development. We show that children’s use of the sentential complement grammatical structure increases immediately preceding the ToM development period and plateaus shortly thereafter. Furthermore, we find that parents’ child-directed speech follows a similar pattern.