Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of technical , pure technical and scale efficiencies of Indian banks : An analysis from cross-sectional perspective

This paper endeavours to measure the extent of technical, pure technical and scale efficiencies of Indian domestic banking industry using the non-parametric technique of data envelopment analysis. The empirical results show that only 9 of the 51 domestic banks operating in the financial year 2006/07 are found to be efficient and, thus, define the efficient frontier of the Indian domestic banking industry, with the TE scores range from 0.505 to 1, with an average of 0.792. We note that managerial inefficiency is the main source of overall technical inefficiency in Indian domestic banking industry. The new private sector banks dominate in the formation of the efficient frontier. However, the efficiency differences between public and private sector banks are not statistically significant. However, there exists significant differences between large and medium banks appear with regard to scale efficiency. The results pertaining to Tobit analysis reveal that the exposure to off-balance sheet activities and profitability are the most influential determinants of the technical efficiency.
Trial in using Clostridium butyricum as Prophylactic for Salmonellosis in Broiler Chicken : Hemato-biochemical , Immunological and Pathological Alterations

Background: Salmonellosis is a severe systemic disease of chicken, that threaten the poultry industry all over the world, thus the present study was planned to reach to accurate treatment of this serious disease, in addition to study the effect of Salmonellosis on hematobiochemical, immunological and pathological changes in broiler chicken. Materials and methods: 100 broiler chickens (Cobb breed), one-days-old were obtained from Dakahlia Company for poultry production and divided as following: 25 birds were clinically healthy kept as control group (I), 25 birds infected with S. Gallinarum (II), 25 birds administrated Clostri-Mix and infected with S.Gallinarum (III) and 25 birds infected with S.Gallinarum strain and treated with Ciprociel (IV). Blood and tissue samples were collected for hematobiochemical, immunological and histopathological examination. Results: The infected broiler chickens showed sever yellowish diarrhea. In addition, decrease in body weight, gain and feed consumption with significant increase in FCR. Furthermore, hemolytic anemia with leucocytosis was observed. Biochemical studies revealed a significant decrease in serum total proteins, albumin, Ca, GSH with significant increases in serum activities of ALT and AST, P, creatinine, uric acid and MDA concentration. Immunological studies clarified significant decrease in LTR, phagocytic % and index, in addition to several histological alterations in intestine, liver and kidney of the infected birds. All these disturbances were less severe in that administer Clostridium butyricum. Conclusion: Clostridium butyricum can increase the bird immunity against Salmonellosis, which induced sever haemolytic anemia with hepatic, renal and intestinal disorders in broiler chickens.
A framework for the governance of social enterprise

Purpose – This paper aims to assess the appropriateness of two contrasting models of governance to organisations within the social enterprise sector. Design/methodology/approach – In order to achieve this aim the paper draws on theories of for-profit governance, particularly the stewardship model, and theories of non-profit governance, particularly the democratic model. Theoretical insights from these literatures are then combined with the emerging literature on social enterprise. Findings – Two propositions result from this which posit that social enterprise, despite being located within the non-profit sector, may be more likely to exhibit for-profit forms of governance. Practical implications – Practitioners within social enterprises, and those operating in advisory roles to the sector, could benefit from the argument advanced in the paper in that it offers a potential governance solution to the distinctive management challenges being faced by social enterprises. Originality/value – The paper contributes a framework for examining governance within social enterprises, and offers a guide for future research into social enterprise governance.
Quantity Versus Quality: Experimenting with the Margins for Quantity Versus Quality: Experimenting with the Margins for Social Information Social Information

A BSTRACT . People share their experiences of goods and services online, through reviews, ratings and endorsements on social networks, potentially generating welfare-improving information that can help subsequent consumers make better, more informed decisions. While the economics literature has focused on questions of alignment and the intensive quality of provided information, another tension is extensive: in the absence of an incentive, many might choose not to provide information at all. We study three different incentives that encourage information transmission on the extensive margin, examining the tradeoffs between quality and quantity of information. Our ﬁndings indicate substantial efﬁciency gains can be made relative to no incentives, even when the incentives dam-age the preference alignment between those sending and receiving information. In particular, our results point to a partially aligned incentive (similar to a referral or sales commission) as robustly encouraging the provision of information while not producing substantial reductions in quality.
Research progress and clinical application of tumor markers in medical laboratory science

In recent years, the incidence of cancer has risen steadily, seriously endangering people's lives and health, and has gradually become the main cause of human death. China's cancer prevention and treatment policy is "early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment. " Therefore, the long-term search for tumor markers (TM) for early diagnosis has become the focus of attention. This article mainly describes the classification of tumor markers and its related research progress and clinical application.
Comparative Study of the Genetic Variability of Sitophilus Zeamais Subservient to 2 Host Plants (Millet and Maize) in Senegal (West Africa)

Millet and maize, because of the importance of their yields, constitute a reliable alternative to the question of sovereignty and food security. These cereals are exploited in all agroecological zones of Senegal. But their stocks, especially those of maize, are deteriorated by Sitophilus Zeamais, a beetle of the Curculionidae. It is therefore necessary to find natural solutions that are healthier than the use of pesticides which is harmful to living beings and the environment. This article makes a comparative study of the genetic diversity of the populations of this insect individually subservient to maize and to millet. The importance of this study is to find a genetic explanation for the differential vulnerability of these host plants to Sitophilus Zeamais, because the genetic diversity influences the adaptability of the individual and consequently its development. For this, insects Sitophilus Zeamais subservient on the one hand to maize and on the other hand to millet were collected in each agroecological zone. The exploitation of 125 sequences of the Cytochrome B gene corresponding to the individuals, by software of study in population genetics (Bioedit, DNAsp, Mega, Arlequin…) compared to parameters of genetic variability, revealed an approximately similar and high genetic diversity of the 2 populations of millet and maize. Thus, millet and maize genetically have the same effect on the adaptability of Sitophilus Zeamais.
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Thymus vulgaris from Yemen [ Yemen Thymus vulgaris esansiyel yağının kimyasal bileşimi ve antimikrobiyal aktivitesi

Objectives: Thymus vulgaris species are well known as medicinal plants because of their biological and pharmacological properties, however, to the best of our knowledge there are no earlier reports yet available regarding the detailed chemical characterization and evaluation of biological and antioxidant principles of essential oils from plants of Lamiaceae family, native to Yemen. Methods: The extraction of essential oils of leaves of Thymus vulgaris is obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for determining their chemical composition. Their antimicrobial activity were studied in vitro on bacterial strains: Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium smegmatis and fungal strains: Candida albicans and Candida vaginalis. Findings: The essential oil yield of the study was 0.76 g 100g-1. The major component was thymol (51.34%), p-cymene (18.35%), other predominant components were caryophyllene (4.26%), α-pinene (2.95%), β-myrcene (2.50%), thymyl methyl ether (2.16%), carvacrol (2.03%), β-pinene (1.97%), α-cadinol (1.41%), 3-carene (1.10%), thymyl acetate (0.92%), camphene (0.913%), germacrene D (0.78%), sabinen (0.76%), o-cymene (0.63%), linalool (0.60%), terpineol (0.56%), α-terpinol (0.55%), 1,8-cineol (0.53%), farnesol (0.52%), 3-octanone (0.47%), caryophyllene oxide (0.43%), and α-phellandrene (0.15%). The bacterial and fungal strains tested were found to be sensitive to essential oil studied and showed a very effective bactericidal and antifungal activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 75 to 1100 μg/mL and 80 and 97μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: These results represent an inexpensive source of natural antibacterial and antifungal substances that exhibited potential for use in pathogenic systems.
1 DEFINITIONS AND CLASSIFICATIONS OF MBFTs

The selective formation of covalent bonds, especially carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bonds, is at the heart of synthetic organic chemistry. From the very beginning, researchers have developed many ingenious methodologies able to create one specific chemical bond at a time, and this has led to very significant advances in the total synthesis of complex natural or nonnatural molecules. Past decades have seen an impressive development of this “step-by-step” approach, notably with the help of efficient catalytic systems, allowing the discovery of new, powerful reactions. This huge investment has been recently rewarded with two Nobel Prizes in chemistry, in 2005 and 2010 [1]. The arsenal of modern organic synthesis is now deep enough for answering “yes” to the question: “can we make this molecule? ” provided that sufficient manpower, money, and time are available. However, today’s societal economic and ecologic concerns have raised the contemporaneous question: “can we make this molecule efficiently? ” This small upgrade places the efficiency of
2 Distillation ≈ Early Stopping ?

Distillation is a method to transfer knowledge from one model to another and often achieves higher accuracy with the same capacity. In this paper, we aim to provide a theoretical understanding on what mainly helps with the distillation. Our answer is "early stopping". Assuming that the teacher network is overparameterized, we argue that the teacher network is essentially harvesting dark knowledge from the data via early stopping. This can be justified by a new concept, Anisotropic Information Retrieval (AIR), which means that the neural network tends to fit the informative information first and the noninformative information (including noise) later. Motivated by the recent development on theoretically analyzing overparameterized neural networks, we can characterize AIR by the eigenspace of the Neural Tangent Kernel(NTK). AIR facilities a new understanding of distillation. With that, we further utilize distillation to refine noisy labels. We propose a self-distillation algorithm to sequentially distill knowledge from the network in the previous training epoch to avoid memorizing the wrong labels. We also demonstrate, both theoretically and empirically, that self-distillation can benefit from more than just early stopping. Theoretically, we prove convergence of the proposed algorithm to the ground truth labels for randomly initialized overparameterized neural networks in terms of `2 distance, while the previous result was on convergence in 0-1 loss. The theoretical result ensures the learned neural network enjoy a margin on the training data which leads to better generalization. Empirically, we achieve better testing accuracy and entirely avoid early stopping which makes the algorithm more user-friendly.
Impact of Time-splitting Schemes on the Accuracy of FFD Simulations

Recently, a Fast fluid dynamics (FFD) scheme was proposed for fast flow simulations in buildings. The FFD used a time-splitting scheme to solve the Navier-Stokes equations. The principle of the splitting method is to break a complex equation into several simple sub-equations which can be easily solved. By this means, one can reduce numerical efforts on solving the complex equation. However, errors may be introduced during the splitting process. The FFD applied the first order Godunov method to split unsteady Navier-Stokes equations. This study tries to improve the FFD by applying a second-order Strang method for splitting. Then, the FFD model with Godunov and Strang methods are compared by simulating different flows. The results show that the FFD with the Strang method has the same performance as that with the Godunov method. The reason is that other numerical schemes applied in the FFD are first-order in time, such as a first-order implicit scheme for diffusion equation. As a whole, the FFD scheme is still a first-order method in time even though the splitting scheme is second-order. Thus, to improve the accuracy of the FFD scheme, one should apply higher order schemes not only for splitting, but also for other schemes in the FFD model.
A CO STRAI ED ERROR DIFFUSIO METHOD TO SHAPE QUA TIZATIO OISE I BACKLIGHT DIMMI G Zi-Xin XU and Yuk-Hee CHA Center for Multimedia Signal Processing Dept. of Electronic and Information Engineering

Backlight dimming is a powerful method to reduce power consumption of LED-LC displays. However, there remains a problem to preserve perceived quality while reducing backlight luminance. Distortion of backlight dimming can be classified to three types: clipping, leakage and quantization. The former two distortions have been widely discussed in the literature, but the quantization noise is generally ignored. This paper presents a LC compensation framework which exploits error diffusion to shape the quantization noise. Simulation results show that the proposed approach is efficient to achieve the goal.
CHANGES IN CHEMICAL CONTENT OF RED AND PURPLE ROSELLE ( Hibiscus sabdariffa L . ) EXTRACTDRIED INCABINET DRYER AND FLUIDIZED BED

Roselle leaves were dried to improve handling and increase its preservation. In this study, two methods of drying were used, i.e. cabinet dryer (60 o C, 6 hours) and fluidized bed dryer (70 o C, 1.5 hours) and two variety of roselles were used, i.e.red roselle and purple roselle. The result showed that drying process decreased the content of anthocyanin, vitamin C and antioxidant capacity compared withthose of fresh roselle. The cabinet dryer maintained more of anthocyanin than fluidized bed dryer. From both dryers, contents of anthocyanin and antioxidant capacity in purple roselle were higher than red roselle,but vitamin C content in red roselle was higher than that in purple roselle. The phytochemical analyses indicated that both of roselles contained flavonoid, steroid, triterpenoid, saponine, tannin and phenolhydroquinone.
A SPACE-TIME SCAN STATISTIC FOR DETECTION OF TB OUTBREAKS IN THE SAN FRANCISCO HOMELESS POPULATION

San Francisco (SF) has the highest rate of TB in the US. Although in recent years the incidence of TB has been declining in the general population, it appears relatively constant in the homeless population. In this paper, we present a spatio-temporal outbreak detection technique applied to the time series and geospatial data obtained from extensive contact and laboratory investigation on TB cases in the SF homeless population. We examine the sensitivity of this algorithm to spatial resolution using zip codes and census tracts, and demonstrate the effectiveness of it by identifying outbreaks that are localized in time and space but otherwise cannot be detected using temporal detection alone.
About Prisoners and Dictators - About Prisoners and Dictators: The Role of Other-Self Focus, Social Value Orientation, and Stereotype Primes in Shaping Cooperative Behavior

Six experiments examined the effects of person factors (i.e., social value orientation and consistency) and situation factors (i.e., stereotype primes) on cooperative behavior in various experimental games. Results indicated that the main and joint influences of person and situation factors on cooperative choices depend on the nature of the game (i.e., prisoner's dilemma or dictator game). Social value orientation, consistency, and primes affect cooperative behavior only in a dictator game, while these factors also lead to rumination about partner's behavioral intentions and personality (and therefore to different cooperative choices) in a prisoner's dilemma game. Differences between these games were explained in terms of the impact they have on otherand self-focus.
Role of Eclipta prostrata extract in improving spatial learning and memory deficits in D-galactose-induced aging in rats.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of Eclipta prostrata (E. prostrata) extract in improving spatial learning and memory deficits in D-galactose-induced aging in rats. METHODS Rats were divided into five groups, with 10 animals in each group. Aging rats were produced by treatment with 100 mg·kg-1·d-1 of D-galactose for 6 weeks. Rats in the E. prostrata treatment groups received an aqueous extract of E. prostrata orally at a concentration of 50, 100, or 200 mg·kg-1·d-1 for 3 weeks. Animals in both the normal and model groups were treated with similar volumes of saline. Spatial memory performance was measured using the Morris water maze. The mRNA levels and enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) were analyzed using real-time quantitative PCR and spectrophotometry, respectively. The levels of induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide (NO), dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), and serotonin (5-HT) were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and spectrophotometry. RESULTS Compared with the normal group, rats in the D-galactose-treated model group exhibited significant memory loss. There was severe damage to the hippocampal CA1 area, and expression levels of SOD, CAT, GPx, and GR were significantly decreased in the model group compared with the normal group. In the model group, levels of iNOS and NO were significantly increased compared with the normal group. However, treatment with E. prostrata extract reversed the conditions caused by D-galactose-induced aging, especially in the groups with higher treatment concentrations. Compared with the normal group, the levels of DA, NE, and 5-HT were significantly lower in the D-galactose-treated model group. In the E. prostrata extract-treated groups, however, there was a dose-dependent upregulation of DA, NE, and 5-HT expression. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that administration of E. prostrata extract can result in an improvement in the learning and memory impairments that are induced by D-galactose treatment in rats. This improvement may be the result of enhanced antioxidative ability, decreased iNOS and NO levels, and the induction of DA, NE, and 5-HT expression in the brain.
DETERMINATION OF DEEP SHEAR WAVES VELOCITY STRUCTURE USING COMBINATION OF DISPERSION CURVES FROM CROSS-CORRELATION AND ARRAY OF AMBIENT NOISES RECORDING

In this paper two approaches applied (cross-correlation and Frequency-wavenumber) to calculate velocity dispersion curves. Due to distance between stations, group velocity dispersion curve from cross-correlation method is only valid in low frequency range (0.1 to 0.5 Hz) against phase velocity from Frequency in higher frequency (1to 15Hz). 4 month continuous microtremor data for 5 stations were used in Cross-correlation method to extract Green function of alluvium between each pair of stations. Also the group velocities as a function of period are calculated using traditional frequency-time analysis (FTAN). On the other hands, 5 array with 12 broadband seismograph (0.1-50 Hz) arranged near network station. Phase velocity dispesion calculated with frequency-wavenumber analysis. İn this paper we peformed jointed inversion processing with two type dispesion curve for each station. Shear wave velocity near the mountaian indicated shallow contrast (to 3000 m/s, less than 200 meter) contrary the south of Tehran which shows larger depth for contrast (between 800 to 1200 meter), compatible with geological information of each site in Teharn. Jointing two dispersion curve take a reliable shear wave velocity in wide depth range, surface to 3km. Keyword: cross-correlation, frequencywavenumber, microtremor, Tehran, shear wave velocity
Fast Downward Remix Jendrik Seipp

Fast Downward Remix is a portfolio planner, based on the Fast Downward planning system (Helmert 2006). It uses the greedy algorithm by Streeter, Golovin, and Smith (2007) to compute a sequential static portfolio of Fast Downward configurations in an offline preprocessing phase. Fast Downward Remix participated in the sequential satisficing, bounded-cost and agile tracks of the International Planning Competition (IPC) 2018.
TERAHERTZ STUDY OF SURFACE, VOLUMETRIC AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PHARMACEUTICAL TABLETS

In this thesis, we have studied the volumetric, mechanical and surface properties of carefully prepared training sets of porous pharmaceutical tablets with the aid of nondestructive and contactless terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). THzTDS was used to derive the effective refractive index (RI) of pharmaceutical tablets from the measured THz pulse time delay. The main work performed in this thesis are in three-fold. Firstly, we have investigated the relationship between surface roughness, porosity and effective RI for different training sets of pharmaceutical tablets. A linear correlation has been observed between the average surface roughness and the effective RI for the training sets. Here, we have proposed that the effective RI provides information not only on the porosity but also on the average surface roughness of a pharmaceutical tablet. Secondly, we have proposed two different types of quality parameters, i.e. structural parameter and optical compressibility that are based on non-invasive THz-TDS method for the screening of pharmaceutical tablets. The structural parameter provides information about the pattern of arrangements of the different particles in a porous pharmaceutical tablet. We have shown a promising correlation between the porosity and the calculated structural parameter for the training sets of pharmaceutical tablets. The knowledge of the structural parameter gives more insight into the permeation and ingress of liquids or gas in porous media. The ability to predict the pattern of particulate arrangement in porous media further provides valuable information and understanding about the dissolution rate and mechanical behaviour of pharmaceutical tablets. The structural parameter has a nice correlation with the optical compressibility. The optical compressibility can be defined by the effective RI. We have also shown that optical compressibility has a nice correlation with the porosity and the skeletal bulk modulus that is determined by mercury porosimetry measurements. Therefore, here we have proposed that the structural parameter and the optical compressibility can serve as a quality parameter of pharmaceutical tablets. Finally, the mechanical property of the training sets of pharmaceutical tablets was