Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validating Ontologies against OWL 2 Profiles with the SPARQL Template Transformation Language

In this paper we address the general research question of How can we express constraints on RDF data and how can we check that an RDF graph satisfies some given constraints? and we focus on expressing constraints defining OWL 2 profiles and checking these constraints for OWL validation. We propose an approach based on the SPARQL Template Transformation language (STTL). An STTL template is a transformation rule that applies to a given RDF graph and the recursive call of a set of STTL templates on an RDF graph outputs some textual data resulting from the transformation of this graph. We show that STTL can be used as a constraint language for RDF and we use it to implement the semantics of OWL 2 profiles: each profile is represented by a set of STTL templates that a valid ontology must satisfy.
Atomistic force field and electronic properties of carbazole: from monomer to macrocycle

An atomistic force‐field is developed for carbazole monomers, oligomers, and alkyne‐substituted polymers. This force‐field can be used to study the morphology of stacks of carbazole macrocycles. Charge transport of macrocycles in columnar arrangement is analyzed using non‐adiabatic high‐temperature Marcus theory. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The role of endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration in distinguishing pancreatic cystic lesions

Distinguishing mucinous from nonmucinous cystic lesions of the pancreas often constitutes a diagnostic dilemma. The clinical management differs between such lesions; therefore it is important to make an accurate preoperative diagnosis. Various centers have reported conflicting results regarding their ability to detect mucin‐producing neoplastic cells and appropriately reach a diagnosis based on endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided FNA. The aim of this study is to assess the ability of EUS‐FNA cytology to diagnose and differentiate mucinous from nonmucinous pancreatic cystic lesions.
SUR L’ESTIMATION DES PARAMETRES DES LOIS STABLES.

Les mesures de risque, les plus populaires, qui quantifient les donnees financieres sont les mesures de distorsion de risque introduites par Wang (96), comme la prime distordue et la mesure de risque bilaterale (two-sided deviation: TSD). Ces dernieres peuvent etre considerees comme des L-fonctionnelles avec des fonctions poids specifiques. Dans ce travail, on definit un nouvel estimateur pour la TSD en utilisant les estimateurs a biais reduits des quantiles extremes proposes par Li et al. (2010). Une etude de simulation est effectuee dans le but de comparer, en termes de biais et d’erreur quadratique moyenne, le nouvel estimateur avec celui introduit recemment par Necir and Meraghni (2010). Ainsi une classification des marches financiers via cette nouvelle mesure est realisee pour quelques indices boursiers d’ou les investisseurs peuvent prendre une decision a l’investissement.
Pathobiology of Alcoholic Pancreatitis

This paper provides a summary of the effects of alcohol abuse on the pathobiologic responses that occur during acute and chronic pancreatitis considering both the human disease and animal/tissue models. The effects are multiple and include ones on cell death leading to necrosis; on inflammation resulting in a sensitized response to pancreatic stress; and fibrosis through effects of ethanol on pancreatic stellate cells and the plasminogen system. Although the effects of alcohol are multiple and complex, it is likely that a combination of a few key effects on these pathobiologic responses drive the increased sensitivity of the pancreas to acute pancreatitis with pancreatic stress and the promotion of chronic pancreatitis with pancreatic injury occurring during acute pancreatitis.
Establishment of transgenic herbicide‐resistant creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) in nonagronomic habitats

Concerns about genetically modified (GM) crops include transgene flow to compatible wild species and unintended ecological consequences of potential transgene introgression. However, there has been little empirical documentation of establishment and distribution of transgenic plants in wild populations. We present herein the first evidence for escape of transgenes into wild plant populations within the USA; glyphosate‐resistant creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) plants expressing CP4 EPSPS transgenes were found outside of cultivation area in central Oregon. Resident populations of three compatible Agrostis species were sampled in nonagronomic habitats outside the Oregon Department of Agriculture control area designated for test production of glyphosate‐resistant creeping bentgrass. CP4 EPSPS protein and the corresponding transgene were found in nine A. stolonifera plants screened from 20 400 samples (0.04 ± 0.01% SE). CP4 EPSPS‐positive plants were located predominantly in mesic habitats downwind and up to 3.8 km beyond the control area perimeter; two plants were found within the USDA Crooked River National Grassland. Spatial distribution and parentage of transgenic plants (as confirmed by analyses of nuclear ITS and chloroplast matK gene trees) suggest that establishment resulted from both pollen‐mediated intraspecific hybridizations and from crop seed dispersal. These results demonstrate that transgene flow from short‐term production can result in establishment of transgenic plants at multi‐kilometre distances from GM source fields or plants. Selective pressure from direct application or drift of glyphosate herbicide could enhance introgression of CP4 EPSPS transgenes and additional establishment. Obligatory outcrossing and vegetative spread could further contribute to persistence of CP4 EPSPS transgenes in wild Agrostis populations, both in the presence or absence of herbicide selection.
Efectos de la inversión en I+D sobre el crecimiento empresarial .

La inversion en I+D es una de las partidas mas dificiles de mantener en momentos de recesion economica dado el diferimiento de sus efectos sobre los resultados empresariales. No obstante, a la luz de los resultados expuestos en este trabajo, sus efectos son claros sobre el crecimiento de las ventas en los sectores industriales de media y alta tecnologia, asi como en los servicios intensivos en conocimiento. Ademas, la influencia de la inversion en I+D se intensifica en las empresas que presentan los niveles de crecimiento mas altos. Sin embargo, los efectos de la inversion en I+D son tenues cuando hacemos referencia al empleo o a los beneficios operativos de las empresas
Epidural Analgesia Is Associated with Improved Health Outcomes of Surgical Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Background:Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have increased postoperative morbidity and mortality. Epidural analgesia (EDA) improves postoperative outcome but may worsen postoperative lung function. It is unknown whether patients with COPD benefit from EDA. The objective of this study was to determine whether patients with COPD undergoing major abdominal surgery benefit from EDA in addition to general anesthesia. Methods:This cohort study included 541 consecutive patients with COPD who underwent major abdominal surgery between 1995 and 2007 at a university medical center. Propensity scores estimating the probability of receiving EDA were used in multivariate correction. The primary outcome was postoperative pneumonia and 30-day mortality. Results:There were 324 patients (60%) who received EDA in addition to general anesthesia. The incidence of postoperative pneumonia (16% vs. 11%; P = 0.08) and 30-day mortality (9% vs. 5%; P = 0.03) was lower in patients who received EDA. After correction EDA was associated with improved outcome for postoperative pneumonia (OR 0.5; 95% CI: 0.3–0.9; P = 0.03). The strongest preventive effect was seen in patients with the most severe type of COPD. Conclusion:This study provides evidence that in patients with COPD who are scheduled for major abdominal surgery, epidural analgesia decreases postoperative pulmonary complications.
Retinal arteriolar diameter, blood velocity, and blood flow response to an isocapnic hyperoxic provocation in early sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy.

PURPOSE To quantify the magnitude of retinal arteriolar vascular reactivity in diabetic patients stratified by severity of retinopathy and in age-matched control subjects. The sample comprised 21 nondiabetic control subjects (group 1), 19 patients with no clinically visible DR (group 2), 19 patients with mild-to-moderate nonproliferative DR and without clinically evident diabetic macular edema (DME) (group 3), and 17 patients with DME (group 4). methods Subjects initially breathed air, followed by oxygen, while isocapnia was maintained. Retinal arteriolar diameter and blood velocity measurements were acquired simultaneously. RESULTS Changes in blood velocity and wall shear rate (WSR) were significantly less in groups 3 and 4 (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0002, respectively) than in groups 1 and 2. Change in blood flow was significantly less in group 4 (P < 0.004) than in groups 1 and 2. The change in maximum-to-minimum (max:min) ratio was significantly less in groups 2 and 4 than in group 1 (P = 0.001). There was a significant relationship between baseline objective edema indices and vascular reactivity. The magnitude of vascular reactivity in response to isocapnic hyperoxia was reduced in those individuals with clinically evident DR relative to subjects without diabetes. CONCLUSIONS The differences in vascular reactivity occurred in the absence of any difference in baseline hemodynamic values. Vascular reactivity is impaired in early sight-threatening DR, and this impairment is related to the objectively defined magnitude of retinal edema.
The Effects of Ambient Particulate Matter on Human Alveolar Macrophage Oxidative and Inflammatory Responses

Epidemiologic and occupational studies demonstrated that ambient particulate matter (PM) and diesel exhaust particles (DEP) exert deleterious effects on human cardiopulmonary health, including exacerbation of pre-existing lung disease and development of respiratory infections. The effects of ambient PM on lung cell responsiveness are poorly defined. Human alveolar macrophages (AM) were exposed to SRM 1649 (Washington, DC, urban dust; UD), SRM 2975 (forklift diesel exhaust particles; DEP), and fine or coarse ambient PM collected in Chapel Hill, NC, during the late fall (November) and early summer (June) of 2001–2002. AM were subsequently incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), or calcium ionophore A23817 for 6 or 24 h after PM exposure. UD and DEP markedly suppressed release 24 h post-PM exposure. UD exposure significantly inhibited tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8 release after exposure to 10 ηg/ml LPS. DEP significantly suppressed only TNF-α and IL-6 release. Suppressed cytokine release may also be produced by reduced cellular cytokine production. Data suggested that decreased cytokine release is not produced by the presence of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Comparison of TNF-α release after LPS, PMA, or A23817 revealed that suppressive effects of UD are LPS dependent, whereas inhibitory effects of DEP may work across multiple mechanistic pathways. November and June Chapel Hill PM exposure stimulated TNF-α and IL-8 release before LPS exposure. Fine and coarse November PM exposure markedly suppressed TNF-α release 6 h after LPS stimulation, but appeared to exert a stimulatory effect on IL-8 release 24 h after LPS exposure. June fine and coarse PM suppressed IL-8 release after LPS exposure. Data suggest that seasonal influences on PM composition affect AM inflammatory response before and after bacterial exposure. Overall, delayed or inhibited AM immune responses to LPS after PM exposure suggest human exposure to ambient PM may enhance pulmonary susceptibility to respiratory infections.
Projection Method II: Godunov--Ryabenki Analysis

This is the second of a series of papers on the subject of projection methods for viscous incompressible flow calculations. The purpose of the present paper is to explain why the accuracy of the velocity approximation is not affected by (1) the numerical boundary layers in the approximation of pressure and the intermediate velocity field and (2) the noncommutativity of the projection operator and the laplacian. This is done by using a Godunov--Ryabenki type of analysis in a rigorous fashion. By doing so, we hope to be able to convey the message that normal mode analysis is basically sufficient for understanding the stability and accuracy of a finite-difference method for the Navier--Stokes equation even in the presence of boundaries. As an example, we analyze the second-order projection method based on pressure increment formulations used by van Kan and Bell, Colella, and Glaz. The leading order error term in this case is of $O(\dt)$ and behaves as high frequency oscillations over the whole domain, compared with the $O(\dt^{1/2})$ numerical boundary layers found in the second-order Kim--Moin method.
The Market for Charitable Giving

Through good and bad economic times, charitable gifts have continued to roll in largely unabated over the past half century. In a typical year, total charitable gifts of money now exceed 2 percent of gross domestic product. Moreover, charitable giving has nearly doubled in real terms since 1990, and the number of nonprofit organizations registered with the IRS grew by nearly 60 percent from 1995 to 2005. This study provides a perspective on the economic interplay of three types of actors: donors, charitable organizations, and government. How much is given annually? Who gives? Who are the recipients of these gifts? Would changes in the tax treatment of charitable contributions lead to more or less giving? How can charitable institutions design mechanisms to generate the greatest level of gifts? What about the effectiveness of seed money and matching grants?
Increased Reporting of Male-to-Male Sexual Activity in a National Survey

Background Prevention program designers need information on sexual behaviors to plan and evaluate their activities. Questions on sexual behavior have been added to a number of nationally representative interview surveys. Goal The goal was to measure the percentage of adult men who have engaged in male-to-male sex in the past year and since age 18 years and to observe and interpret changes over time in these measurements. Study Design Data are from the General Social Survey, a nationally representative, household-based survey of adults conducted in 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1998, and 2000. Questions on sexual behavior were part of a self-administered questionnaire completed by respondents. Estimates of male-to-male sex in the past year and since age 18 years were computed. Results Estimates of male-to-male sex in the past year were higher for surveys conducted beginning in 1996 (3.1%–3.7% compared with 1.7%–2.0% for earlier surveys), a difference that remains statistically significant when controlling for background factors associated with nonresponse. These estimates are also higher than observed from other similar surveys. The estimates are affected by high level of missing data and an unknown level of underreporting. Conclusion Previous estimates of the size of this population subgroup based on survey research may be too low. Methods that increase survey respondents’ sense of privacy and improve completeness of data collection are needed to improve quality of measurement of sensitive sexual behaviors.
Systematic Literature Review on Software Measurement Programs

Context: Software measurement programs (MPs) are an important means for understanding, evaluating, managing, and improving software processes, products and resources. However, implementing successful MPs still remains a challenge. Objectives: To make a comprehensive review of the studies on MPs for bringing into light the existing measurement planning models and tools used for implementing MPs, the accumulated knowledge on the success/failure factors of MPs and mitigation strategies to address their challenges. Methods: A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted. In total, 65 primary studies were reviewed and analyzed. Results: We identified 35 measurement planning models and 11 associated tools, most of which either proposed extensions or improvements for goal based approaches. The identified success factors include a) Organizational adoption of MP, b) Integration of MP with SDLC, c) Synchronization of MP with SPI and d) Design of MP. The mostly mentioned mitigation strategies for addressing challenges are effective change management and measurement stakeholder management, automated tool support and incorporation of engineering mechanisms for designing sustainable, effective, scalable and extendible MPs, and measurement expertise and standards development. Conclusion: Most of the success factors and mitigation strategies have interdependencies. Therefore, for successful MP implementation, software organizations should consider these factors in combination and make a feasibility study at the very beginning.
Theory of mind in behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis

Current evidence suggests that neurocognitive testing has limited practical benefit in distinguishing behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this meta-analysis of 30 studies, theory of mind (ToM) performances of 784 individuals with bvFTD (n=273) and AD (n=511) were compared with 671 healthy controls. ToM performances of 227 patients with bvFTD and 229 with AD were also compared in studies matched for general cognition. ToM was impaired in both bvFTD (d=1.79) and AD (d=1.15). In bvFTD, patients were particularly impaired in advanced tasks such as recognition of faux pas and sarcasm (d>2.0). In AD, ToM deficits were relatively modest. In studies matched for general cognition, ToM was significantly impaired in bvFTD in comparision to AD (d=1.29), especially for faux pas recognition (d=1.75). ToM dysfunction is a robust and more specific feature of bvFTD. In contrast, ToM deficits are modest compared with level of general cognitive impairment in AD. In both disorders, longer duration of disease and level of general cognitive impairment are related to relatively more severe ToM deficits. Assessment of ToM can be beneficial for early identification of bvFTD.
Differentially expressed microRNAs and their relation to gasotransmitters in TNBS-induced colitis in rat colon

MicroRNAs are well established regulators of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), such as Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Furthermore, gasotransmitters including nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S) also seem to play important role in this disease pathogenesis. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between microRNAs and gasotransmitters in colitis. Male Wistar rats were administered 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS, 10 mg/0.25 ml in 50% ethanol) rectally to induce colitis. For the purpose of comparison, we observed miRNA expressions by nanoString nCounter® miRNA Expression Assay and measured the activities and expressions (by Western blot) of the enzymes responsible for gasotransmitter synthesis. In total, 228 miRNA were screened and from these 94 showed upregulation and 63 were downregulated. We found several miRNAs (miR-26a, miR-200a, miR-200c, miR-21, miR-222, miR-101, miR-28, miR-132, miR-7, miR-141, let-7, miR-196a, miR-30 and miR186) that might have an effect on gasotransmitter pathways. This study proved that there are important interactions between gasotransmitters and microRNAs in TNBS-induced rat colitis. Our results are presumably important in IBD diagnostics, pathogenesis modelling and could be a starting-point to further investigations.
A complete electrical arc hazard classification system and its application

The Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace, NFPA 70E, and relevant OSHA electrical safety standards evolved in the US, over the past 40 years, to address the hazards of 60-Hz power that are faced primarily by electricians, linemen, and others performing facility and utility work. This leaves a substantial gap in the management of other types of electrical hazards including battery banks, DC power systems, capacitor banks, and solar power systems. Although many of these systems are fed by 50/60-Hz alternating current (ac) energy, we find substantial use of direct current (dc) electrical energy, and the use of capacitors, inductors, batteries, solar, and radiofrequency (RF) power. The electrical hazards of these forms of electricity and their systems are different than for 50/60 Hz ac power. At this workshop in 2009 we presented a comprehensive approach to classifying the electrical shock hazards of all types of electricity, including various waveforms and various types of sources of electrical energy. That paper introduced a new comprehensive electrical shock hazard classification system that used a combination of voltage, shock current available, fault current available, power, energy, and waveform to classify all forms of electrical hazards with a focus on the shock hazard. That paper was based on various research conducted over the past 100 years and on decades of experience. This paper continues the effort in understanding and managing all forms of injury from all forms of electricity with the introduction of a comprehensive approach to classifying all forms of injury from the electrical arc, including thermal, blast pressure, hearing, radiation, and shrapnel injury. The general term “arc” is divided into the arc, arc flash, and arc blast as a first subdivision of type of source of injury. Then, the parameters of voltage, short circuit current, energy, waveform, gap distance, gap geometry, enclosure geometry, and time are used to choose various approaches to analysis. Recent efforts to understand, model, and estimate injury for these types of systems, are reviewed. Most of the focus to understand and predict injury for dc, capacitor, solar, and rf arc hazards has been only in the past 10 years. A comprehensive approach to analyzing all forms of injury from all forms of electrical arcs is presented.
Determination of Vitamin D Status in a Population of Ecuadorian Subjects

Introduction Vitamin D is a preprohormone known to play a key role in phosphocalcic metabolism; its main source comes from the synthesis at the skin level by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of vitamin D in an Ecuadorian population. Materials and Methods Retrospective study of Ecuadorian subjects from the city of Guayaquil, who had an initial study of 25 (OH)-D serum, as the indicator of Vitamin D status, in the period of 2015-2016. Results A total of 269 Ecuadorian subjects were analyzed, with a mean age of 54.73 ± 16.58; 85% (229) were females and 15% (41) males; mean vitamin D was 27.29 ± 10.12 ng/dl [6.41–88.74]; 70% of the population showed levels below 30 ng/dL of vitamin D, whereas only 30% (81) had normal values. 69% (185) had levels between 29 and 10 ng/dl and 1% (3) levels below 10 ng/dl. High levels of vitamin D were evidenced in the summer months in relation to the winter months. Conclusion It is evident that, despite the location of Ecuador and the intensity of UV rays it receives throughout the year, Ecuadorian subjects have insufficient levels of vitamin D.