Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Associations of Objectively Measured Vigorous Physical Activity With Body Composition, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Cardiometabolic Health in Youth: A Review

Background. Increasing evidence suggests that vigorous physical activity (VPA) in youth may yield greater health benefits than moderate (MPA) or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The purpose of this review was to assess the relationship between PA intensity and body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and cardiometabolic (CM) biomarkers in youth. Methods. We conducted a systematic review of observational studies examining PA intensity and selected health outcomes in youth aged 6 to 18 years. Forty-five articles were selected for final review. Results. VPA was more strongly associated with reduced body fat and central adiposity compared with MPA and/or MVPA. Additionally, VPA was more strongly associated with increased CRF when compared with lower intensities. Findings were inconclusive between all PA intensity levels and CM biomarkers, and several significant relationships observed for VPA were attenuated when controlling for CRF. Conclusions. A potential VPA dose is identified as yielding favorable health benefits in adiposity and fitness. While CM biomarkers were not consistently associated with PA intensity level, the literature suggests VPA may yield health benefits above those received from MPA for reduced adiposity and improved CRF. This review highlights the need for longitudinal observational and experimental studies to determine optimal VPA dose for CM health in youth.
Drug repurposing for Dravet syndrome in scn1Lab −/− mutant zebrafish

Dravet syndrome (DS) is a severe genetic epileptic encephalopathy with onset during the first year of life. Zebrafish models recapitulating human diseases are often used as drug discovery platforms, but also for drug repurposing testing. It was recently shown that pharmacological modulation of three serotonergic (5‐HT) receptors (5‐HT1D, 5‐HT2C, 5‐HT2A) exerts antiseizure effects in a zebrafish scn1Lab−/− mutant model of DS. Using the zebrafish DS model, our aim was to examine the possibility of repurposing efavirenz (EFA), lisuride (LIS), and rizatriptan (RIZA), marketed medicines with a 5‐HT on‐ or off‐target profile, as antiepileptic drugs for DS. To examine whether these compounds have a broader antiseizure profile, they were tested in pentylenetetrazol and ethyl ketopentenoate (EKP) zebrafish models. Pharmacological effects were assessed by locomotor behavior, local field potential brain recordings, and bioluminescence. EFA was active in all models, whereas LIS was selectively active in the zebrafish DS model. Mainly, a poor response was observed to RIZA. Taken together, our preclinical results show that LIS could be a potential candidate for DS treatment. EFA was also active in the EKP model, characterized by a high level of treatment resistance, and hence these data are potentially important for future treatment of drug‐resistant epilepsy.
Factors related to muscle strength in postmenopausal women aged younger than 65 years with normal vitamin D status

Abstract Objective: The study aimed to determine the impact of age, age at menopause, body mass index (BMI), and lumbar and hip bone mineral density (BMD) on muscle strength in young postmenopausal women with normal vitamin D levels. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study performed in 392 postmenopausal women aged <65 years with normal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (≥30 ng/ml) and no physical disabilities. The following variables were recorded: age, age at menopause, BMI, BMD (measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry [DXA] scanning and expressed as lumbar and hip T-scores), and dominant hand grip strength (measured with a digital dynamometer). Results are reported as mean ± standard deviation or odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) as appropriate. Results: The mean age of the whole sample was 57.30 ± 3.69 years with a mean age at menopause of 50.46 ± 2.16 years and a mean BMI of 24.93 ± 3.78. Mean DXA results were lumbar T-score of −1.16 ± 1.18 and hip T-score of −0.98 ± 0.93. The mean dominant hand grip force was 24.10 kg. A total of 12.2% (48/392) of women were diagnosed with dynapenia using a cut-off value of <20 kg. A weak but significant inverse correlation was found between grip strength in the dominant hand and age (r = −0.131, p = 0.009). Multivariable logistic regression analysis determined that earlier age at menopause (50 years or younger) was significantly associated with a higher risk of dynapenia (OR 2.741, 95% CI 1.23–6.11, p = 0.014). No other significant association was found with the other variables. Conclusions: A total of 12.2% of the studied young postmenopausal women with normal vitamin D status had dynapenia. There was a weak inverse correlation between grip strength and age, and earlier age at menopause was associated with an increased dynapenia risk.
Wearable sensors to improve detection of patient deterioration

ABSTRACT Introduction: Monitoring a patient’s vital signs forms a basic component of care, enabling the identification of deteriorating patients and increasing the likelihood of improving patient outcomes. Several paper-based track and trigger warning scores have been developed to allow clinical evaluation of a patient and guidance on escalation protocols and frequency of monitoring. However, evidence suggests that patient deterioration on hospital wards is still missed, and that patients are still falling through the safety net. Wearable sensor technology is currently undergoing huge growth, and the development of new light-weight wireless wearable sensors has enabled multiple vital signs monitoring of ward patients continuously and in real time. Areas covered: In this paper, we aim to closely examine the benefits of wearable monitoring applications that measure multiple vital signs; in the context of improving healthcare and delivery. A review of the literature was performed. Expert commentary: Findings suggest that several sensor designs are available with the potential to improve patient safety for both hospital patients and those at home. Larger clinical trials are required to ensure both diagnostic accuracy and usability.
Interruption as a test of the user-computer interface

In order to study the effects different logic systems might have on interrupted operation, an algebraic calculator and a reverse polish notation calculator were compared when trained users were interrupted during problem entry. The RPN calculator showed markedly superior resistance to interruption effects compared to the AN calculator although no significant differences were found when the users were not interrupted. Causes and possible remedies for interruption effects are speculated. It is proposed that because interruption is such a common occurrence, it be incorporated into comparative evaluation tests of different logic system and control/display system and that interruption resistance be adopted as a specific design criteria for such design.
The Role of Nutrients in Reducing the Risk for Noncommunicable Diseases during Aging

An increasing aging population worldwide accounts for a growing share of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) of the overall social and economic burden. Dietary and nutritional approaches are of paramount importance in the management of NCDs. As a result, nutrition programs are increasingly integrated into public health policies. At present, programs aimed at reducing the burden of NCDs have focused mostly on the excess of unhealthy nutrient intakes whereas the importance of optimizing adequate essential and semi-essential nutrient intakes and nutrient-rich diets has received less attention. Surveys indicate that nutrient intakes of the aging population are insufficient to optimally support healthy aging. Vitamin and mineral deficiencies in older adults are related to increased risk of NCDs including fatigue, cardiovascular disease, and cognitive and neuromuscular function impairments. Reviewed literature demonstrates that improving intake for certain nutrients may be important in reducing progress of NCDs such as musculoskeletal disorders, dementia, loss of vision, and cardiometabolic diseases during aging. Current knowledge concerning improving individual nutrient intakes to reduce progression of chronic disease is still emerging with varying effect sizes and levels of evidence. Most pronounced benefits of nutrients were found in participants who had low nutrient intake or status at baseline or who had increased genetic and metabolic needs for that nutrient. Authorities should implement ways to optimize essential nutrient intake as an integral part of their strategies to address NCDs.
Mucosal miR-3677 is over-expressed in cirrhotic patients with gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE)

Abstract Introduction: Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is a rare vasculopathy that associates several diseases, most commonly liver cirrhosis. It usually presents as an occult gastrointestinal bleeding leading to profound iron deficiency anemia. We hypothesized that GAVE is local mucosal pathology dependent on genetic mechanisms, and the purpose of the study was to characterize miRNAs expression in gastric tissue of patients with cirrhosis and GAVE. Materials and methods: Thirteen patients with GAVE and cirrhosis and 35 healthy subjects were recruited. Microarray analysis and comparative microRNA study was done by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The microarray scores were grouped with use of the hierarchical clusterization analysis and miRNA target prediction was done with TargetScan 6.2 algorithm and Gene Ontology analysis (DIANA-miRPath). Results: Concentration of miR-3677 in GAVE-affected mucosa was higher by 72% in comparison with GAVE-free mucosa of patients with cirrhosis (33.7 vs. 35.6 PCR cycles; p < .001) and by 45% in comparison with normal mucosa (33.7 vs. 34.9 PCR cycles; p < .05). According to Gene Ontology analysis miR-3677 was related to angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) gene. Conclusion: GAVE in liver cirrhosis is associated with increased expression of miR-3667 that may be linked with ANGPTL4 gene.
Behavioral Modeling of Unmatched Nonlinear Devices Driven with Modulated Signal Stimuli using Volterra Series

The accurate simulation of nonlinear radio frequency (RF) circuits under unmatched impedance conditions depends heavily on the device model used. Recently, measurement-based models under unmatched conditions were proposed in the literature, such as X-parameters and the Cardiff model, with acceptable device modeling accuracy under continuous-wave (CW) and multitone excitations. However, these schemes drop in accuracy when driven with wideband modulated signals since the pseudo-static property of the CW stimulus fails to capture the nonlinear device dynamics. Being a general framework to model nonlinear dynamic systems with fading memory, the Volterra series was successfully applied to model nonlinear RF devices under matched conditions. However, the few reported attempts to generalize the Volterra series to unmatched device scenarios oversimplify the formulation due to the underlying complexity burden. This thesis presents a novel low-complexity envelope domain multivariate model (i.e., dualinput dual-output or DIDO Volterra model), tailored to unmatched devices. The proposed model offers a theoretical framework to model the nonlinear device’s behaviour in any two-port network around the fundamental frequency. As the proposed methodology does not include any assumptions about the device under test (DUT), the resulting model can be applied to either RF transistors or power amplifiers (PAs). The detailed derivation steps, as well as the resulting mathematical formulations, are presented and discussed. For a fair assessment of the model’s performance, a simulation procedure was developed where a PA under varying load impedances was modeled. Any modeling exercise is tightly coupled to both the device characterization and measurement procedures. Indeed, the successful application of a behavioral model is contingent on a precise extraction of the nonlinear measurements. In the case of the DIDO Volterra model, the use of modulated signals as stimulus further complicates the measurement procedure and a more careful extraction procedure should be implemented. The platform should be able to correctly measure the travelling waves’ envelopes at the device ports while controlling the source/load impedances. Hence, the second part of this thesis outlines progress towards the realization of such a platform and focuses on explaining the associated challenges. A thorough discussion of the platform architecture and the underlying building blocks is presented and the related choices justified. Furthermore, additional calibration routines under wideband signals are described.
Biosynthesis of Natural Rubber: Current State and Perspectives

Natural rubber is a kind of indispensable biopolymers with great use and strategic importance in human society. However, its production relies almost exclusively on rubber-producing plants Hevea brasiliensis, which have high requirements for growth conditions, and the mechanism of natural rubber biosynthesis remains largely unknown. In the past two decades, details of the rubber chain polymerization and proteins involved in natural rubber biosynthesis have been investigated intensively. Meanwhile, omics and other advanced biotechnologies bring new insight into rubber production and development of new rubber-producing plants. This review summarizes the achievements of the past two decades in understanding the biosynthesis of natural rubber, especially the massive information obtained from the omics analyses. Possibilities of natural rubber biosynthesis in vitro or in genetically engineered microorganisms are also discussed.
Chlordécone et filières animales antillaises : de la distribution tissulaire aux stratégies de décontamination chez les ruminants

La CLD est un compose toxique qui (i) pollue plus de 15% des surfaces agricoles de la Guadeloupe et de la Martinique, (ii) resiste a la degradation biotique et abiotique, (iii) s’accumule le long de la chaine alimentaire et dont la disparition des sols par lessivage est estimee a plusieurs centaines d’annees. Les animaux de rente originaires de ces zones polluees sont contamines et l’etat de l’art a revele un manque d’information evident sur le comportement de la CLD dans l’organisme de ces animaux et moins de dix publications sur leur decontamination. Deux protocoles experimentaux ont ete conduits sur des caprins mâles en croissance afin de caracteriser le comportement de la CLD dans l’organisme des ruminants non lactants et de developper des methodes optimisant leurs processus de decontamination. Les resultats ont montre que (i) les chevreaux eliminaient plus de 70% de leur CLD tissulaire apres 3 a 4 semaines de decontamination et (ii) ni leur etat d’engraissement initial ni l’ajout de charbon actif ou d’huile de paraffine dans leur alimentation ne modifiaient ces taux d’excretion. Ces etudes ont egalement montre que la CLD se comportait differemment des autres polluants lipophiles car sa concentration tissulaire (exprimee sur la base de la matiere grasse) etait plus importante dans le foie et les muscles des animaux contamines que dans leurs tissus gras. Ces resultats soulevent des questions sur les mecanismes a l'origine de la distribution tissulaire de la CLD, son metabolisme et sur l’interaction de ce dernier avec le cycle entero-hepatique. La comprehension de ces processus permettra de mieux ajuster les strategies de decontamination pour les rendre plus efficaces
Variation in Clinical Application of Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy: A Review

Peritoneal metastasis (PM) originating from gastrointestinal and gynecological malignancies are associated with a poor prognosis and rapid disease progression. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is an effective treatment option with curative intent. Hyperthermia enhances the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs, thereby killing microscopic tumors and reducing the risk of tumor recurrence. Eight parameters potentially have an impact on the efficacy of HIPEC: the type of drug, drug concentrations, carrier solution, volume of the perfusate, temperature of the perfusate, duration of the treatment, the technique of delivery, and patient selection. In this review, a literature search was performed on PubMed, and a total of 564 articles were screened of which 168 articles were included. Although HIPEC is a successful treatment, there is no standardized method for delivering HIPEC: the choice of parameters is presently largely determined by institutional preferences. We discuss the current choice of the parameters and hypothesize about improvements toward uniform standardization. Quantifying the effect of each parameter separately is necessary to determine the optimal way to perform HIPEC procedures. In vivo, in vitro, in silico, and other experimental studies should shed light on the role of each of the eight parameters.
Development of an expert-rater assessment of trauma history in a high-risk youth forensic sample.

OBJECTIVE Exposure to childhood trauma is particularly prevalent among incarcerated juveniles. Although there is a growing understanding of the detrimental impact trauma exposure can have on child and adolescent development, childhood maltreatment can be very difficult to accurately measure. Integration of self-report trauma histories as well as supplemental file reports of trauma exposure may provide the most accurate estimate of experienced trauma among youth in correctional settings. METHOD The current study developed an expert-rated assessment of trauma that synthesizes self-report, as well as objective file information, using a sample of 114 incarcerated male juveniles. RESULTS In addition to establishing scale factor structure, reliability, and validity, the current study provides additional evidence of the prevalence of trauma among incarcerated juveniles and reports on external correlates of the scale that are particularly relevant in correctional settings (e.g., psychopathic traits). CONCLUSION These results suggest that the integration of both self-report and file material can be meaningfully used to assess traumatic symptomology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
United Neighborhood Closeness Centrality and Orthology for Predicting Essential Proteins

Identifying essential proteins plays an important role in disease study, drug design, and understanding the minimal requirement for cellular life. Computational methods for essential proteins discovery overcome the disadvantages of biological experimental methods that are often time-consuming, expensive, and inefficient. The topological features of protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks are often used to design computational prediction methods, such as Degree Centrality (DC), Betweenness Centrality (BC), Closeness Centrality (CC), Subgraph Centrality (SC), Eigenvector Centrality (EC), Information Centrality (IC), and Neighborhood Centrality (NC). However, the prediction accuracies of these individual methods still have space to be improved. Studies show that additional information, such as orthologous relations, helps discover essential proteins. Many researchers have proposed different methods by combining multiple information sources to gain improvement of prediction accuracy. In this study, we find that essential proteins appear in triangular structure in PPI network significantly more often than nonessential ones. Based on this phenomenon, we propose a novel pure centrality measure, so-called Neighborhood Closeness Centrality (NCC). Accordingly, we develop a new combination model, Extended Pareto Optimality Consensus model, named EPOC, to fuse NCC and Orthology information and a novel essential proteins identification method, NCCO, is fully proposed. Compared with seven existing classic centrality methods (DC, BC, IC, CC, SC, EC, and NC) and three consensus methods (PeC, ION, and CSC), our results on S.cerevisiae and E.coli datasets show that NCCO has clear advantages. As a consensus method, EPOC also yields better performance than the random walk model.
A Novel Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitory Tea Peptide Improves Pancreatic β-Cell Function and Reduces α-Cell Proliferation in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors occupy a growing place in the drugs used for the management of type 2 diabetes. Recently, food components, including food-derived bioactive peptides, have been suggested as sources of DPP-IV inhibitors without side effects. Chinese black tea is a traditional health beverage, and it was used for finding DPP-IV inhibitory peptides in this study. The ultra-filtrated fractions isolated from the aqueous extracts of black tea revealed DPP-IV inhibitory activity in vitro. Four peptides under 1 kDa were identified by SDS-PAGE and LC-MS/MS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry) from the ultra-filtrate. The peptide II (sequence: AGFAGDDAPR), with a molecular mass of 976 Da, showed the greatest DPP-IV inhibitory activity (in vitro) among the four peptides. After administration of peptide II (400 mg/day) for 57 days to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemic mice, the concentration of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in the blood increased from 9.85 ± 1.96 pmol/L to 19.22 ± 6.79 pmol/L, and the insulin level was increased 4.3-fold compared to that in STZ control mice. Immunohistochemistry revealed the improved function of pancreatic beta-cells and suppressed proliferation of pancreatic alpha-cells. This study provides new insight into the use of black tea as a potential resource of food-derived DPP-IV inhibitory peptides for the management of type 2 diabetes.
Solitary and multiple epidermolytic acanthoma: A demographic and clinical study of 131 cases

Epidermolytic acanthoma (EA) is a rare, benign acquired cutaneous keratosis displaying epidermolytic hyperkeratosis in more than 50% of its surface. Because of the sparsity of comprehensive studies, little is known on the patient demographics and clinical characteristics of this uncommon entity. We wish to comprehensively characterize the clinical and demographic features of EA and to differentiate it from its mimickers.
Protecting Patients with Latex Allergies.

: The Pennsylvania Patient Safety Reporting System is a confidential, statewide Internet reporting system to which all Pennsylvania hospitals, outpatient-surgery facilities, birthing centers, and abortion facilities must file information on incidents and serious events.Safety Monitor is a column from Pennsylvania's Patient Safety Authority, the authority that informs nurses on issues that can affect patient safety and presents strategies they can easily integrate into practice. For more information on the authority, visit www.patientsafety. pa.gov. For the original article discussed in this column or for other articles on patient safety, click on "Advisories and Events" and then "Pennsylvania Patient Safety Advisory" in the top navigation menu.