Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Does carrier velocity saturation help to enhance fmax in graphene field-effect transistors?

It has been argued that current saturation in graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) is needed to get optimal maximum oscillation frequency (fmax). This paper investigates whether velocity saturation can help to get better current saturation and if that correlates with enhanced fmax. We have fabricated 500 nm GFETs with high extrinsic fmax (37 GHz), and later simulated with a drift–diffusion model augmented with the relevant factors that influence carrier velocity, namely: short-channel electrostatics, saturation velocity effect, graphene/dielectric interface traps, and self-heating effects. Crucially, the model provides microscopic details of channel parameters such as carrier concentration, drift and saturation velocities, allowing us to correlate the observed macroscopic behavior with the local magnitudes. When biasing the GFET so all carriers in the channel are of the same sign resulting in highly concentrated unipolar channel, we find that the larger the drain bias is, both closer the carrier velocity to its saturation value and the higher the fmax are. However, the highest fmax can be achieved at biases where there exists a depletion of carriers near source or drain. In such a situation, the highest fmax is not found in the velocity saturation regime, but where carrier velocity is far below its saturated value and the contribution of the diffusion mechanism to the current is comparable to the drift mechanism. The position and magnitude of the highest fmax depend on the carrier concentration and total velocity, which are interdependent and are also affected by the self-heating. Importantly, this effect was found to severely limit radio-frequency performance, reducing the highest fmax from ∼60 to ∼40 GHz.
An accurate strong lensing model of the Abell 2163 core

Abell 2163 at z ≃ 0.201 is one of the most massive galaxy clusters known, very likely in a post-merging phase. Data from several observational windows suggest a complex mass structure with interacting subsystems, which makes the reconstruction of a realistic merging scenario very difficult. A missing key element in this sense is unveiling the cluster mass distribution at high resolution. We perform such a reconstruction of the cluster inner total mass through a strong lensing model based on new spectroscopic redshift measurements. We use data from the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer on the Very Large Telescope to confirm 12 multiple images of four sources with redshift values from 1.16 to 2.72. We also discover four new multiple images and identify 29 cluster members and 35 foreground and background sources. The resulting galaxy member and image catalogs are used to build five cluster total mass models. The fiducial model consists of 111 small-scale subhalos, plus a diffuse component, which is centered ∼2″ away from the BCG belonging to the east Abell 2163 subcluster. We confirm that the latter is well represented by a single, large-scale mass component. Its strong elongation towards a second (west) subcluster confirms the existence of a preferential axis, corresponding to the merging direction. From the fiducial model, we extrapolate the cumulative projected total mass profile and measure a value of M(<300 kpc) = 1.43−0.06+0.07 × 1014 M⊙, which has a significantly reduced statistical error compared with previous estimates, thanks to the inclusion of the spectroscopic redshifts. Our strong lensing results are very accurate: the model-predicted positions of the multiple images are, on average, only 0″​​. 15 away from the observed ones.
Enhancing Temporal Logic Falsification With Specification Transformation and Valued Booleans

Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) are systems with both physical and software components, for example, cars and industrial robots. Since these systems exhibit both discrete and continuous dynamics, they are complex and it is thus difficult to verify that they behave as expected. Falsification of temporal logic properties is an approach to find counterexamples to CPSs by means of simulation. In this article, we propose two additions to enhance the capability of falsification and make it more viable in a large-scale industrial setting. The first addition is a framework for transforming specifications from a signal-based model into signal temporal logic. The second addition is the use of valued Booleans and an additive robust semantics in the falsification process. We evaluate the performance of the additive robust semantics on a set of benchmark models, and we can see that which semantics are preferable depend both on the model and on the specification.
Data-Driven Model-Free Adaptive Predictive Control and its Stability Analysis

In this paper, a novel full form dynamic linearization (FFDL) data-driven model-free adaptive predictive control (MFAPC) method is proposed for a class of discrete-time single-input single-output nonlinear systems. The novelty of MFAPC is that preliminary physical model and the Lyapunov stability theory are not required for the controller design and theoretical analysis. Instead, the proposed MFAPC only uses a new dynamic linearization method called pseudo-gradient (PG) vector, which is merely related to the input/output (I/O) measurement data. The main contributions of this paper are: First, a novel MFAPC with adjustable parameters is proposed; Second, we have proved the bounded-input bounded-output stability, the monotonic convergence of the tracking error, and the internal stability of the proposed method. Third, the proposed MFAPC can be considered as an elegant extension of the current MFAC. The simulations have been carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed MFAPC.
HISTOLOGICAL STUDY OF BROILER CHICKENS COLON GIVEN BUTYRIC ACID SUPPLEMENTS )

This study aims were to determine the differences dosage and duration of butyric acid supplements on layer thickness of colon broiler chicken. The sample consisted of 24 broiler chickens. This study used a Completely Randomized Design 3x4 factorial pattern that consisted of 3 factors of supplement dosage (0; 0.5; and 1 g supplement/ kg of feed) and duration of administration (1,2,3 and 4 weeks). Samples were divided into 3 groups: control group (P1), group with butyric acid supplementation 0.5 (P2), and group with 1 g supplement / kg of feed (P3). Every week, two broiler chickens from each group were necropsied and the colonic tissue were taken for histologically preparations using HE staining. The changes observed were on the thickness of mucosal, submucosal, muscular, and serous’s layer and then examined under a microscope and then calculated using ZEN applications. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and followed by Duncan test if there is a significant difference. The results showed the difference in the dose of butyric acid did not affect the thickness of the colon layer but it affects on the colon histological changes. The difference in the duration of butyric acid administration affects the thickness of the tunica mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. It is concluded that the administration of butyric acid between doses 0; 0,5; and 1 g/kg chicken food did not affect for the thickness of the mucosal, submucosal, muscularis, and serous’s layer, but it affected the presence of the colon histological changes. Differences in the duration of butyric acid’s administration at week 1,2,3,4 affects the thickness of the mucosal, submucosal, muscularis, and serosal’s layer of
Subjective modelling of supply and demand – quantum-like approach

The so popular in economics curves of supply and demand [1] correspond to fundamental economics notions in a somehow transcendental way often neglecting their empirical verification. Various classes of models of supply/demand profiles of markets can be put forward by econometrics methods and, subsequently, their free parameters can be fitted. We propose a different approach that rejects the objectiveness (observer-independence) of supply and demand curves [2]. Agents determine their own subjective characteristics of their competitors and use them for optimization of profits. In a sense, they are in Plato’s Cave observing shadows (that is transactions) of real world. Maximization of Fisher entropy instead of the Boltzmann/Shannon one could compensate for the lack of information that is not reflected in transaction data and can be used as a strategy selection criterion in market games when the agent negotiates prices with the Rest of the World (a collective opponent). This approach has its roots in the Information Theory Model of Markets [3] that is dual to the model of canonical portfolios [4]. In addition, it allows for a natural quantum-like description [5-8]. The price coordinates of supply and demand are not statistically independent – their dispersion relation fulfil sort of uncertainty principle. Therefore interesting analogies emerge and some paradoxical violations of market laws get information theory interpretation [9,10]. Of course, such quantum-like models have their counterparts based on probability theory and therefore, at least in principle, one can try to determine which approach offers a better representation of market behaviour. We envisage interesting possibilities that might result from quantum information theory and proliferation of (new) quantum technologies, e.g. quantum auctions [11].
A new experimental approach to investigate the physics-of-failure of wirebond interconnects by Himabindu Kopally

Wirebonding is an interconnection technology used to connect a chip to its LED package. It is currently not well understood which wirebond characteristics are best to tailor to prevent the failure of wirebonds. The focus of this thesis is to understand the physics-of-failure of wirebonds via an experimental approach. Therefore, an experimental setup is designed which can accurately measure the resistance of the wirebond samples by four-wire resistance measurements. Furthermore, Finite Element simulations are done to understand the physical nature of wirebond failure better. Gold wirebonds with different loop geometries have been designed and made which are then subjected to temperature cycling. It is found through 4-wire experimental resistance setup that when a significant increase in resistance is reported, wirebond fatigue is imminent. Coffin-Manson based Finite Element simulations show that stresses at the neck are higher than at the heel. In retrospect, when the wirebond samples are encapsulated in Silicone, there is an increase in the stresses at the heel.
One Dimensional Median Local Binary Pattern Based Feature Extraction For Classifying Epileptic EEG Signals

Elektroansefalogram (EEG), epilepsi tespitinde yaygın olarak kullanılan önemli bir veri kaynağıdır. Bu çalışmada da Bonn Üniversitesi Epileptoloji bölümü veritabanından alınan ve A, B, C, D, E olmak üzere 5 işaret grubundan oluşan EEG kayıtları kullanılmıştır. Bir boyutklu medyan yerel ikili örüntü (1B-MYİÖ) yöntemi uygulanarak elde edilen özniteliklerin k-En Yakın Komşu (k-NN) sınıflandırıcısı ile sınıflandırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada geliştirilen 1BMYİÖ yönteminin öznitelik olarak sınıflandırma başarısı değerlendirilmiştir. Bu sınıflandırma için karışıklık matrisi hesaplanarak model başarım ölçümü yapılmıştır. Çalışmada A-E veri setleri için sınıflandırma performansı %100, A-D veri setleri için %99.00, D-E veri setleri için %98.00, E-CD veri setleri için %99.50 ve A-D-E veri setleri için de %96.00 olarak bulunmuştur. Çalışmada kullanılan 1B-MYİÖ yönteminin, literatürde kullanılan birçok yöntemden daha iyi sonuç verdiği görülmüştür.
Adversarial Multitask Learning of Speaker-invariant Deep Neural Network Acoustic Models for Speech Recognition

The performance of speech recognition systems has greatly improved with the introduction of Deep Neural Network (DNN) acoustic models. However, making these systems robust against all possible kinds of environmental conditions is still an important research topic. The adversarial multi-task DNN training method was proposed recently, and it has already been successfully applied to increase the domain and noise robustness of DNN acoustic models. Here, we evaluate the efficiency of this training method in increasing the speaker-invariance of a speech recognition system that is based on a convolutional neural network (CNN). Moreover, we propose a solution to handle those cases where speaker labels are not available for the training dataset. In the supervised case we report relative error rate reductions of 3-4 %. With the unsupervised method the improvements are somewhat smaller, but consistent across all tested parameter values.
Exact solution of the R – linear problem for a disk in a class of doubly periodic functions

The R–linear conjugation problem for a disk in the class of doubly periodic functions, i.e., the R–linear problem on the torus, is solved in the form of series by Eisenstein’s functions. The result is applied to the calculation of the effective conductivity of composites with circular inclusions. AMS Subject Classification 2000: 30E25, 74Q05
Interactive comment on “ On the statistical optimality of CO 2 atmospheric inversions assimilating CO 2 column retrievals ” by F

retrievals as a factor contributing to retrieval product deficiencies. It was found that tightening retrieval uncertainties can reduce posterior misfit between concentrations optimized with inversion and retrieved χCO2 values. It is also mentioned that possible posterior adjustments to uncertainties are making empirical bias correction inconsistent. The methods and materials applied in the analysis appear valid, and the discussion and conclusions are valuable for those working on concentration retrievals and inverse modeling of the surface fluxes. Several minor changes are recommended before publication.
Structure of Signal-regulatory Protein α

Signal-regulatory protein α (SIRPα) is a myeloid membrane receptor that interacts with the membrane protein CD47, a marker of self. We have solved the structure of the complete extracellular portion of SIRPα, comprising three immunoglobulin superfamily domains, by x-ray crystallography to 2.5 Å resolution. These data, together with previous data on the N-terminal domain and its ligand CD47 (possessing a single immunoglobulin superfamily domain), show that the CD47-SIRPα interaction will span a distance of around 14 nm between interacting cells, comparable with that of an immunological synapse. The N-terminal (V-set) domain mediates binding to CD47, and the two others are found to be constant (C1-set) domains. C1-set domains are restricted to proteins involved in vertebrate antigen recognition: T cell antigen receptors, immunoglobulins, major histocompatibility complex antigens, tapasin, and β2-microglobulin. The domains of SIRPα (domains 2 and 3) are structurally more similar to C1-set domains than any cell surface protein not involved in antigen recognition. This strengthens the suggestion from sequence analysis that SIRP is evolutionarily closely related to antigen recognition proteins.
Analysing Factors That Drive Customer Satisfaction of Go-ride Manado.

7UDQVSRUW SOD\V YHU\ YLWDO UROH LQ WKH GHYHORSPHQW RI D FRXQWU\¶V HFRQRP\ LQGHWHUPLQLQJ RYHUDOO SURGXFWLYLW\ quality of life of citizens, access to goods and services and the pattern for distributuion of economic activity. Motorcycle is one of land transport and included in the classification of types of private vehicles but nowadays motorcycles also perform the function of public transport. This kind of transportation is known as Ojek. Currently there are two kinds of ojek VHUYLFHV QDPHO\ 2IIOLQH 2MHN DQG 32QOLQH 2MHN This research analyzed the factor that drive customer satisfaction of Go-ride Manado. Quantitative method is used to collect the data in this research. The sample of this research is 100 customers of Go-Ride in Manado. This research used the Factor Analysis Method. Based on the analysis and discussion, there are 3 main factors that drive consumer satisfaction of Goride in Manado, namely: fisrt, technology & service quality, second, company image and marketing and third, customer service.
ERSA Congress 2004 - Porto Regional Policy from a Supra-Regional Perspective (VERY PRELIMINARY DRAFT, PLEASE DO NOT CITE)

A large number of economic models has been developed in the past 15 years in order to explore the causes of endogenous regional growth and the location of economic activities with the consequent differentials of development among territories. At the same time regional policies have undergone major modifications with increasing importance attributed to bottom up policies and to the efficiency of spending, also due to a situation in which funds are a scarce resource. These developments appear however to have taken place without paying enough attention to the concurrent effects entailed by policies implemented separately by different regions. In fact competing regions can implement policies which are not optimal from an aggregate point of view. At the same time national policies designed to reduce regional inequalities may also be sub-optimal from a country perspective. Unfortunately, it is too often unclear under what values of the parameters regional policies are also able to increase the aggregate economic performance of nations or over-national communities and which policies are, instead, to be simply considered as a means to increase the equality of income across space. Therefore it is on the one hand important to detect which regional policies belong to each of the two categories, then to compare them with different policies (aiming at equality of income or at efficiency) to discover which ones are better suited to achieve the needed results with lower costs. On the other hand, it is important to further investigate which policies are more fruitful if implemented in a context of regional competition and which ones should be top-down. This article addresses the issues presented above. First there is a revision of the existing contributions in order to evidence the general tendencies of the existing literature, the results that can already be considered as achieved and the deficiencies that limit the ability to produce usable policy prescriptions. Then the paper analyses the relationship between regional policies and national competitiveness in a small number of selected existing models of regional growth and localisation, in particular with an extension to the case of competing countries, each composed of more than one region.
Supplementary Material : Deep Tone Mapping Operator for High Dynamic Range Images

I. INPUT HDR In this paper, we feed the network with input HDR scaled with high precision [0,1] range. However, before adopting the simplistic scaling, we performed an experimental study using different normalization strategies to study the effect on tone mapped output, which includes a) mean-std normalization, where the input images are normalized by the input’s mean and variance, b) min/max scaling, where the input is simply scaled in the range [0,1] while preserving the very high precision. We experimentally observed that generated images get very skewed results while forcing the input to have the same mean using (a). One example is shown in the Fig. 1 where we observe low illumination in dark regions and dark patchy patterns in the sky.
Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans: Clinical Significance of a Pathobiont Subjected to Ample Changes in Classification and Nomenclature

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a Gram-negative bacterium that is part of the oral microbiota. The aggregative nature of this pathogen or pathobiont is crucial to its involvement in human disease. It has been cultured from non-oral infections for more than a century, while its portrayal as an aetiological agent in periodontitis has emerged more recently. A. actinomycetemcomitans is one species among a plethora of microorganisms that constitute the oral microbiota. Although A. actinomycetemcomitans encodes several putative toxins, the complex interplay with other partners of the oral microbiota and the suppression of host response may be central for inflammation and infection in the oral cavity. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive update on the clinical significance, classification, and characterisation of A. actinomycetemcomitans, which has exclusive or predominant host specificity for humans.
Bit SRAM Design using 5 T and a Comparative Study between 6 T and 5 T Designs

The main goals of NLSI Designer are to reduce the area, improve performance and decreasing the cost. There are several sources for the leakage current, i.e. low threshold voltage causes to sub-threshold current, very thin gate oxides cause to gate leakage, and heavily-doped halo doping profile causes to band-to-band tunneling leakage. It is seemed that we have to focus to minimize the leakage power in the number of transistors and the large memory substance of future SoC (System on Chip) devices [4]. Keywords— Memory, tunneling leakage, Systems-on-Chip, leakage power consumption.
Use of food resources and electivities in diet of an anuran assemblage from the quaternary sand dunes of the São Francisco River , Bahia

Introduction Investigations about resource use are a starting point to the assessment of factors that organize biological communities (Toft 1985; Underwood 1997). Suitable descriptions of patterns of resource use must incorporate data of resource availability (Lawlor 1980) and, in particular for ectoterms, such descriptions must explore ontogenetic variations in resource use (Lima e Magnusson 1998). Historical constraints must be assessed as a factor that governs resource use patterns, as well as ecological interactions (Losos 1996). The peculiar fauna of squamates from the dunes of the middle São Francisco River (Bahia, Brazil) is the object of a series of ecological and evolutionary studies and the discovery of an anuran terrestrial assemblage that is syntopic to and more abundant than the squamate fauna, already studied (Rocha e Rodrigues, submitted), in a locality of the dunes motivated the present study.
Design of an aperture-coupled frequency-reconfigurable microstrip stacked array antenna for LTE and WiMAX applications

The aim of this paper is to design a novel structure of a frequency-reconfigurable microstrip array antenna by using a combination of aperture-coupled and the stacked patch technology. The four sets of two different aperture slot shapes (I-shaped and H-shaped) are printed on the ground and are functional to transfer the wave and the signal to the selected radiating layers. Both aperture slot positions are based on the bottom patches (layer 2) and top patches (layer 1), respectively. To achieve the frequency reconfigurability, four PIN diode switches are integrated on the feed line layer positioned between both aperture slots on the ground.The activation of the selected patches will determine the current operating frequency of the proposed antenna. A 2.6GHz or 3.5GHz frequency is achieved by switching all the PIN diode switches to ON or OFF mode synchronously. The advantage of the proposed antenna is that it can minimize the usage of the antenna's surface area, with different size of the patch having different operating frequencies, sorted in different layer. The measured results of the return losses, radiation patterns, and the practical indoor propagation measurement achieved good agreement with the simulated results.