Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Femoral Bone Strength and Its Relation to Cortical and Trabecular Changes After Treatment With PTH, Alendronate, and Their Combination as Assessed by Finite Element Analysis of Quantitative CT Scans

The “PTH and Alendronate” or “PaTH” study compared the effects of PTH(1‐84) and/or alendronate (ALN) in 238 postmenopausal, osteoporotic women. We performed finite element analysis on the QCT scans of 162 of these subjects to provide insight into femoral strength changes associated with these treatments and the relative roles of changes in the cortical and trabecular compartments on such strength changes. Patients were assigned to either PTH, ALN, or their combination (CMB) in year 1 and were switched to either ALN or placebo (PLB) treatment in year 2: PTH‐PLB, PTH‐ALN, CMB‐ALN, and ALN‐ALN (year 1‐year 2) treatments. Femoral strength was simulated for a sideways fall using nonlinear finite element analysis of the quantitative CT exams. At year 1, the strength change from baseline was statistically significant for PTH (mean, 2.08%) and ALN (3.60%), and at year 2, significant changes were seen for the PTH‐ALN (7.74%), CMB‐ALN (4.18%), and ALN‐ALN (4.83%) treatment groups but not for PTH‐PLB (1.17%). Strength increases were primarily caused by changes in the trabecular density regardless of treatment group, but changes in cortical density and mass also played a significant role, the degree of which depended on treatment. For PTH treatment at year 1 and for ALN‐ALN treatment at year 2, there were significant negative and positive strength effects, respectively, associated with a change in external bone geometry. Average changes in strength per treatment group were somewhat consistent with average changes in total hip areal BMD as measured by DXA, except for the PTH group at year 1. The relation between change in femoral strength and change in areal BMD was weak (r2 = 0.14, pooled, year 2). We conclude that femoral strength changes with these various treatments were dominated by trabecular changes, and although changes in the cortical bone and overall bone geometry did contribute to femoral strength changes, the extent of these latter effects depended on the type of treatment.
The future of Northern Irish poetry: Fragility, contingency, value and beauty

This article explores the work of three contemporary Northern Irish poets, Leontia Flynn, Sinéad Morrissey and Alan Gillis, asking how this work relates to fragility as experienced in Northern Ireland. Is there, within this poetry, a fostering of hope with respect to Northern Ireland's fragile future? Does a new generation of poets look for continuity with the past or does it strike out on a new path? The first part of the article provides a brief introduction to the ‘first-generation peace poets’, and also gives an overview of the ways in which Northern Irish poetry has been criticized in recent decades. It then suggests that this literature might be read through the lens of the elegiac tradition, as well as by exploring the ‘post-theory’ approach of new aestheticism. The second part comprises a series of close readings, with particular emphasis on poems about Belfast, and other poems that deal with themes of loss.
Unified H∞ Control to Suppress Vertices of Plant Input and Output Sensitivity Functions

This note presents a discrete-time H∞ controller to attenuate effects of external disturbances introduced from both plant input and plant output. In this note, two stage control structure is constructed so that state variable dependent conventional controllers and H∞ loop shaping controllers are simultaneously utilized, which is a different approach from previous methods. For the loop shaping controller, a new weighting function derived from an open loop transfer function of fictitious state-feedback systems is proposed. Since the weighting function inherits implicit stability margins, sufficiently stable closed loop systems are designed, therefore well damped transient responses are achieved.
Split Hand/Foot Malformation Associated with 7q21.3 Microdeletion: A Case Report

Split hand/foot malformation (SHFM) or ectrodactyly is a rare genetic condition affecting limb development. SHFM shows clinical and genetic heterogeneity. It can present as an isolated form or in combination with additional anomalies affecting the long bones (nonsyndromic form) or other organ systems including the craniofacial, genitourinary and ectodermal structures (syndromic ectrodactyly). This study reports a girl with SHFM who also exhibited developmental delay, mild dysmorphic facial features and sensorineural hearing loss. High-resolution banding analysis indicated an interstitial deletion within the 7q21 band. FISH using locus-specific BAC probes confirmed the microdeletion of 7q21.3. Chromosomal microarray analysis also revealed a microdeletion of 1.856 Mb in 7q21.3. However, a larger 8.44-Mb deletion involving bands 7q21.11q21. 2 was observed, and the breakpoints were refined. The phenotype and the candidate genes underlying the pathogenesis of this disorder are discussed.
Physics of Magmatic Processes

While the chemical aspects of igneous petrology have dominated research for many years, the physical processes associated with the generation, transport, and crystallization of magma have been somewhat neglected. Here a group of distinguished scientists, whose current research embraces both chemical and physical aspects of the field, illustrates these new directions in igneous petrology. Originally published in 1980. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Cdk9 phosphorylates p53 on serine 392 independently of CKII

The tumor suppressor p53 is an important cellular protein, which controls cell cycle progression. Phosphorylation is one of the mechanisms by which p53 is regulated. Here we report the interaction of p53 with another key regulator, cdk9, which together with cyclin T1 forms the positive transcription elongation complex, p‐TEFb. This complex cooperates with the HIV‐1 Tat protein to cause the phosphorylation of the carboxyl terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II and this facilitates the elongation of HIV‐1 transcription. We demonstrate that cdk9 phosphorylates p53 on serine 392 through their direct physical interaction. Results from protein–protein interaction assays revealed that cdk9 interacts with the C‐terminal domain (aa 361–393) of p53, while p53 interacts with the N‐terminal domain of cdk9. Transfection and protein binding assays (EMSA and ChIP) demonstrated the ability of p53 to bind and activate the cdk9 promoter. Interestingly, cdk9 phosphorylates serine 392 of p53, which could be also phosphorylated by casein kinase II. Kinase assays demonstrated that cdk9 phosphorylates p53 independently of CKII. These studies demonstrate the existence of a feedback‐loop between p53 and cdk9, pinpointing a novel mechanism by which p53 regulates the basal transcriptional machinery. J. Cell. Physiol. 208: 602–612, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of L-carnitine administration on growth performance, carcass traits, blood serum parameters and abdominal fatty acid composition of ducks

Effects of L-carnitine administration via drinking water on growth performance, carcass traits, blood serum parameters and abdominal fatty acid composition of ducks was examined. One hundred day-old Turkish native duck chicks were divided into two groups, each with five replicates and given the same diets with 0 and 200 mg/l carnitine chlorhydrate via drinking water. The study lasted 8 weeks, with the first 4 weeks as a starter and the last 4 weeks as grower period. At the end of the study five ducks were randomly selected from each subgroup for slaughter. Growth performance parameters of ducks were not affected significantly by L-carnitine administration. Live weight, daily weight gain, cumulative feed consumption and average feed conversion efficiency were found to be 1490 and 1621 g, 26.0 and 28.1 g, 5386 and 5662 g, 3.75 and 3.54 kg/kg in the control and in the carnitine groups respectively. L-carnitine administration did not effect carcass traits and serum cholesterol, total lipid, triglyceride and glucose levels. Total saturated fatty acid content of abdominal fat significantly decreased, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acid content were not affected by L-carnitine administration. In conclusion, L-carnitine administration by drinking water did not affect growth performance, carcass traits and blood parameters in ducks.
Endocasts: Possibilities and Limitations for the Interpretation of Human Brain Evolution

Brains are not preserved in the fossil record but endocranial casts are. These are casts of the internal bony braincase, revealing approximate brain size and shape, and they are also informative about brain surface morphology. Endocasts are the only direct evidence of human brain evolution, but they provide only limited data (‘paleoneurology'). This review discusses some new fossil endocasts and recent methodological advances that have allowed novel analyses of old endocasts, leading to intriguing findings and hypotheses. The interpretation of paleoneurological data always relies on comparative information from living species whose brains and behavior can be directly investigated. It is therefore important that future studies attempt to better integrate different approaches. Only then will we be able to gain a better understanding about hominin brain evolution.
La arqueología wari y la dispersión del quechua

La asociación de Wari con el quechua o el protoquechua no se puede demostrar con una tradición ininterrumpida de cultura material desde los estilos de cerámica del Horizonte Medio a las comunidades quechuahablantes etnohistóricamente conocidas, pero su dispersión desde su área de origen en el norte de Ayacucho hasta las colonias arqueológicamente más obvias que se extienden lo largo de los Andes desde el Cuzco al sur de Ayacucho, así como hacia Ica y Arequipa, corresponde, de manera notable, con la distribución etnohistórica del quechua IIC. Esta constituye la confirmación más convincente de que los wari hablaron protoquechua. La variación entre los dialectos quechua IIC del sur sugiere a los lingüistas que la dispersión fue posterior al Horizonte Medio. Sin embargo, si se plantea el escenario de una entidad política unificada como Wari, que promovió una comunidad con una lengua uniforme a lo largo de sus dominios en el sur, es probable que la diferenciación no haya empezado si no hasta que Huari, y su imperio, colapsaron hacia fines del Horizonte Medio.Los orígenes de Wari se pueden encontrar en una serie de interacciones de largo plazo entre las culturas Huarpa, de la sierra, y Nasca, de la costa, posiblemente con el establecimiento de una confederación política expansiva hacia fines del Período Intermedio Temprano. Si los grupos nasca hablaban protoaimara y la gente huarpa se comunicaba mediante el protoquechua, dicha alianza podría explicar la antigua relación entre estos dos grupos protolingüísticos descritos por los lingüistas históricos. La evidencia arqueológica para Wari en el norte, especialmente en el Mantaro, el Callejón de Huaylas y Huamachuco, sugiere una fase temprana de colonización acompañada de un control directo, a lo que siguió un ascenso de las elites aliadas con la nobleza wari, un control indirecto y procesos de etnogénesis que, probablemente, promovieron una diferenciación lingüística, si bien conservaron la filiación wari. Como consecuencia de ello, si bien el quechua puede haber llegado a la sierra norte aproximadamente al mismo tiempo que al sur, la separación de las variantes del quechua I en estas regiones del norte empezó, quizá, de manera temprana en el Horizonte Medio y experimentó imposiciones sociales que estimularon una rápida distinción. La situación de los quechuas de la costa central y de Cajamarca, en el extremo norte, es confusa, por lo que las nuevas interpretaciones por parte de la arqueología requerirán de nuevas inferencias acerca del pasado. En el entretanto, es posible proponer, al menos, que el protoquechua fue difundido por Wari durante el Horizonte Medio y que a Wari se le debe atribuir la dispersión del quechua en su integridad y no solo del quechua II.
Genetic models of retinal degeneration and targets for gene therapy

*Correspondence: Stephen H. Tsang, M.D., Ph.D., Columbia College of Physicians & Surgeons, Harkness Eye Institute Research Annex 513, 160 Fort Washington Avenue, New York, NY 10032. Tel: (212)-342-1189, Fax: (212)-305-4987, Email: sht2@columbia.edu
Evolutionary pressures in the spread and persistence of infectious agents in vertebrate populations

SUMMARY Infectious agents have considerable potential to regulate or constrain the population growth of vertebrate hosts in natural habitats. A broad theoretical framework provides many insights into how the biology of the parasite and the demography of the host interact to determine this impact. It may manifest itself as a steady influence over time via stable endemic infection or in a recurrent epidemic fashion, sometimes with unpredictable intervals between epidemics depending on the generation time of the pathogen (time from infection to recovery or host death), its ability to induce lasting immunity and the population growth rate of the host species. Building on these notions, the paper focuses on recent work on the population dynamics of genetically variable pathogen populations and examines the factors that determine the evolution of virulence and the maintenance of genetic diversity in both host and pathogen. Recent research extends conventional theoretical templates to include population genetic elements and the within-host dynamics of the parasite and its interaction with the vertebrate immune system.
Electro-thermal modelling of multichip power modules for high power converter application

In a compact power electronics systems such as converters, thermal interaction between components is inevitable. Traditional RC lumped modelling method does not take that into account and this would cause inaccuracy in the predicted temperature in the components of the systems. In this work, numerical simulation have been used to obtain detailed temperature distribution in power devices and the parameters for a Foster network behavior thermal model are extracted so that the thermal interaction can be accounted for and the model can be used to predict temperatures at all critical layers of the components. An ad-hoc conventional three-phase voltage source inverter (DC to AC converter) with a rating of 7.8 KW has been studied in this work as an example of the application of the proposed framework. The key component in the converter is a 75A/1200V rated IGBT module. A power electronics circuit simulator is used to predict the power losses in the IGBT module and a Finite Element Analysis software is used to obtain the transient temperature profile in the module and the behaviour thermal model parameters are extracted using curve-fit approach. The resulting combined electro-thermal model is analysed using the circuit simulator again to obtain the temperature for various loading conditions. The results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the accuracy of predicted temperatures in the IGBT modules.
Understanding and transforming organizational security culture

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the practical issues, techniques and learning points associated with information security awareness and organizational change programmes.Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on the findings and conclusions of research, observations and projects carried out in large organizations over the last two decades. It highlights failings and critical success factors in contemporary approaches to transform organizational culture. It draws on theory and research from the industrial safety field, and discusses its relevance in the information security field.Findings – The paper identifies the primary reasons why many contemporary enterprise security awareness programmes are ineffective. It discusses the nature of the problem and solution space, identifying the practical issues and opportunities, and gives recommendations on how future programmes can be improved.Research limitations/implications – The paper identifies gaps in current research, including the .
Clinical tools for the assessment of pain in sedated critically ill adults.

AIM This paper aims to review the evidence regarding pain assessment tools for sedated patients and to establish whether the use of a tool can be recommended in practice. BACKGROUND Pain assessment is a challenging area of critical care nursing practice, particularly among sedated patients. Tools to aid in assessing pain among this patient group have been developed and tested recently. SEARCH STRATEGY In this systematic review five papers that tested pain assessment tools for sedated patients are discussed. These papers were identified via the CINAHL and MEDLINE databases using the search terms: 'pain assessment' and 'sedated' or 'unconscious' or 'critically ill' or 'critical illness' or 'critical care'. CONCLUSIONS The Behavioural Pain Scale (BPS) has been tested among the broadest range of patients and was found to be a reliable and valid tool in three studies. Research is needed to further demonstrate the reliability and validity of the Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT), as the paper of Gelinas et al. did not test its internal consistency and domain structure. The CPOT also needs testing among different critical care populations. The design of Odhner et al. study did not allow adequate testing of the Non-verbal Pain Scale (NVPS). IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The implementation of the BPS can be recommended in intensive care units and may improve the management of pain among sedated patients by providing a systematic and consistent approach to pain assessment to guide interventions. The CPOT may also prove useful in assessing pain among sedated patients, but first requires further validation. Also, further research is needed into the effects of pain assessment tools on pain management practices and patient outcomes.
Effect of the antiulcer polysaccharide fraction from Bupleurum falcatum L. on the healing of gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid in rats

An antiulcer polysaccharide fraction (BR‐2) from Bupleurum falcatum L. was examined for its effect on the healing of chronic ulcers induced by acetic acid in rats. When BR‐2 was administered orally to the rats, it was shown to be effective in the healing of acetic acid‐induced chronic ulcer. This result suggests that the use of herbal prescriptions containing B. falcatum L. may prove useful for the treatment of peptic ulcers. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A nonrandomized, prospective, clinical study on the impact of circulating tumor cells on outcomes of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder patients treated with radical cystectomy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy

To investigate outcomes of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) patients treated with radical cystectomy (RC) according to the presence of circulating tumor cells (CTC) and the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC). We prospectively enrolled 226 UCB patients treated with RC without neoadjuvant chemotherapy at our institution between 2007 and 2013. Blood samples were obtained from all patients preoperatively and analyzed for CTC using the CellSearch® system. Platinum‐based AC was administered in 50 patients (27.0%). Cox regression models evaluated the association of CTC with disease recurrence, cancer‐specific and overall mortality according to AC administration. 185 patients were available for analyses. CTC were present in 41 patients (22.2%). Patients with presence of CTC received AC more frequently, compared to patients without CTC (p = 0.027). At a median follow‐up of 31 months, the presence of CTC was associated with disease recurrence, cancer‐specific and overall mortality (p‐values < 0.001) in patients without AC administration. In patients who received AC, there was no difference in either endpoint between patients with or without presence of CTC. In multivariable analysis of patients without AC administration, the presence of CTC was an independent predictor for disease recurrence (HR: 4.9; p < 0.001), cancer‐specific (HR: 4.2; p = 0.003) and overall mortality (HR: 4.2; p = 0.001). The CTC status may be implemented in decision‐making regarding AC administration in UCB patients following RC. CTC measurement should be implemented in future UCB studies on systemic chemotherapy to validate our findings.
Planning and Management of Distributed Energy Resources and Loads in a Smart Microgrid

This paper addresses the issue of planning and management of a so-called smart microgrid, namely a group of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources DER with clearly defined electrical boundaries that acts as a single controllable entity with respect to the public grid. Special attention is devoted to the microgrid Energy Management System EMS, which plays a crucial role in governing the power flows from the different generating sources and can resort to optimization procedures and algorithms in order to minimize the daily operating costs. The main features of the EMS platform suitably developed to control the University of Genoa test-bed facility called Smart Polygeneration Microgrid SPM are here illustrated and thoroughly discussed.
Verb Paraphrase based on Case Frame Alignment

This paper describes a method of translating a predicate-argument structure of a verb into that of an equivalent verb, which is a core component of the dictionary-based paraphrasing. Our method grasps several usages of a headword and those of the def-heads as a form of their case frames and aligns those case frames, which means the acquisition of word sense disambiguation rules and the detection of the appropriate equivalent and case marker transformation.
Spanish Registry for Embolization of Small Intracranial Aneurysms with Cerecyte Coils (SPAREC) Study

This study aimed to report the results obtained in treating small ruptured and unruptured intracranial aneurysms using Cerecyte coils. A prospective, non-randomized multicenter registry operating in Spain with a reporting period between May 2005 and September 2007. We present clinical and angiographic results for 48 small aneurysms (26 ruptured, five with III cranial nerve paresis, and 17 incidental) that had undergone six months' follow-up. The volumetric percentage occlusion (VPO) achieved and percentage bioactive coils (PBC) used were assessed. No episodes of bleeding occurred during the follow-up period. The technical complication rate was 10.4% (five cases): four thromboembolic complications resolved with medication (8.3%) and one asymptomatic protrusion of a coil into the parent vessel. The clinical complication rate for the procedure was 2.1% (occlusion of the anterior choroidal artery in a ruptured anterior choroidal anaeurysm). Mean VPO was 25.2%. Balloon-assisted technique (BAT) was used in 60.4% of cases. The VPO was higher in the BAT-treated cases (P<0.05). The overall six-month recanalization rate was 16.7% (12.5% minor and 4.2% major recanalizations). Neck size and VPO were unrelated to the recanalization rate. The PBC was higher in cases with progressive Deployment of the device is safe from the standpoint of periprocedural technical and clinical complications. No episodes of hemorrhage were recorded during follow-up. The six-month recanalization and retreatment rates compared favorably with most endovascular platinum and bioactive coil series.