Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence of the glyoxylate cycle in the liver of newborn rats.

RESULTS BACKGROUND It is generally accepted that the glyoxylate cycle exists in microorganisms and higher plants but absent in higher animals. the hypodhesis of the glyoxylate cycle in the tissues of higher animals with a high level of physiological activity was first proposed by Kondrashova and Rodionova in 1971. The goal of this work was yo verifv this in newborn rats, which possess a 2.5-fold hygher physiological activity and oxygen consumption rate than adult rats. MATERIAL/METHODS Newborn (7-day-old) anradult 1 ats were used for this experiment. The activities of the key enzymes of the glyoxylate cocle (isecitrate lyse and nmalate synthase) were measured by HPLC and spectroscopic methods. The activities of isocitrate lyase and malate synthase were found in the liver homogenates prepared from newborn rats, but not from adult rats. The activities of the enzymes common to both the Krebs cycle and the glyoxylate cycle (citrate synthase, aconitase, and malate dehydrogenase) were 20-40% higher in newborn than in adult rats. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate the existence of the glyoxylate cycle in animal tissues.
Pilot contamination in multi-cell massive-MIMO systems in 5G wireless communications

Massive-MIMO systems are the emerging systems for the new generation 5G. Massive-MIMO systems have the particularity of increasing the performance of the system while providing a very large number of antennas to serve a very large number of users. However, the orthogonal pilot sequences which can be served are limited, then non-orthogonal pilot sequences are used to satisfy the requirements. These nonorthogonal pilot sequences in the adjacent cells overlap with each other; Consequently, they cause the problem of pilot contamination. This paper presents the problem of pilot contamination in the uplinks and the downlinks. The pilot contamination reduce the performance of the system where the identical pilot sequences interferes with each other and consequently an estimate is obtained contaminating channels of different user.
Erfahrungsberichte. Sinnsuche und Gesundheit in Skandinavien

Die Religionspsychologie hat in den letzten 10–20 Jahren ihren Inhalt und Fokus verändert. Dieser Wissenschaftszweig hat nun eine Relevanz für die Interaktion von Angehörigen der Gesundheitsberufe mit den Patienten. Moderne Gesundheitskonzeptionen – auch solche, welche die seelische Gesundheit umfassen – basieren auf einem multidimensionalen, bio-psycho-sozialen Modell des Menschen und der Gesundheit, das in den 70er Jahren des letzten Jahrhunderts entwickelt wurde. Inzwischen wird mehr und mehr anerkannt, dass dieses dreigliedrige Modell der Ergänzung durch eine vierte (existenziell-spirituelle) Komponente bedarf. Es fiel der Mainstream-Psychologie allerdings schwer, die säkular existenziellen, spirituellen und religiösen Orientierungen sowohl theoretisch als auch praktisch in ihr Verständnis des Menschen einzubeziehen. In den nordeuropäischen Traditionen gab es sogar eine Art Stellungskrieg zwischen psychologischen und theologischen Perspektiven, die gegenseitig versuchten, während der letzten Generationen das Menschenbild des jeweils anderen auszuschließen.
DNA methylation changes in prostate cancer: current developments and future clinical implementation

Promoter hypermethylation is associated with the loss of expression of tumor-suppressor genes in cancer. Currently, several genome-wide technologies are available and have been utilized to examine the extent of DNA methylation in discovery-based studies involving several physiological and disease states. Although early in the process, aberrant DNA methylation is gaining strength in the fields of cancer risk assessment, diagnosis and therapy monitoring in different cancer types. There is a need to improve existing methods for early diagnosis of prostate cancer and to identify men at risk for developing aggressive disease. Because of the ubiquity of DNA methylation changes and the ability to detect methylated DNA in several body fluids (e.g., blood and urine), this specifically altered DNA may serve, on one hand, as a possible new screening marker for prostate cancer and, on the other hand, as a tool for therapy monitoring in patients having had neoplastic disease of the prostate. Since many prostate cancer patients present with advanced disease and some present with nonspecific elevation of prostate-specific antigen without prostate cancer, early detection with high specificity and sensitivity is considered to be one of the most important approaches to reduce mortality and unwanted tension of the men with high prostate-specific antigen. Therefore, an effective screening test would have substantial clinical benefits. Furthermore, methylation markers of risk of progression of disease in patients having prostate cancer permits immediate commencement of specific treatment regimens and probably longer survival and better quality of life. This review illustrates the current benefits and limitations of potentially useful prostate cancer methylation markers that have considerable existing data and touches upon other future markers as well as the field of methylation in prostate cancer.
Social background, aspects of lifestyle, body image, relations, school situation, and somatic and psychological symptoms in obese and overweight 15-year-old boys in a county in Sweden

Objective To compare lifestyle and health aspects among obese, overweight, and normal-weight 15-year-old boys living in the county of Västmanland, Sweden. Design A cross-sectional school-based survey. Setting. All schools in the county of Västmanland, Sweden. Subjects. A questionnaire was completed anonymously by 989 boys. Main outcome measures The relations between body mass index and social factors, eating habits, physical activity, body image, relations, school situation, use of alcohol, drugs and tobacco, somatic and psychological symptoms in boys. Results. Obese boys had a significant negative outcome in 19 out of 31 items studied compared with normal-weight boys, while the overweight boys had a significant negative outcome in 9 out of 31. The obese boys reported more irregular eating habits than normal-weight boys, were less satisfied with their weight and looks, and had fewer friends. A larger proportion of the obese boys reported that they did not like school, were more absent from school, and had been exposed to more violence. They bullied their schoolmates more often. The obese boys had tried sniffing solvents and used illicit drugs more frequently than their peers. They reported more somatic and psychological symptoms as well as suicidal thoughts and attempts. Conclusions Obese 15-year-old boys differed from overweight and normal-weight boys in lifestyle and in the frequency of somatic and psychological symptoms. Early and vigorous intervention is necessary, as they may belong to a risk group that could develop not only medically but also socially negative consequences.
Patient awareness of chronic kidney disease: trends and predictors.

BACKGROUND The impact of recent guidelines for early detection and prevention of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on patient awareness of disease and factors that might be associated with awareness have not been well described. METHODS Awareness rates were assessed in 2992 adults (age, > or =20 years) with CKD stages 1 to 4 from a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004). Awareness of CKD was defined by an answer of yes to "Have you ever been told you have weak or failing kidneys? " Potential predictors of awareness included demographics, access to care, and clinical and lifestyle factors, which were assessed by standardized interviewer-administered questionnaires and physical examinations. We examined independent associations of patient characteristics with awareness in those with CKD stage 3 (n = 1314) over 6 years using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS Awareness improved over time in those with CKD stage 3 only (4.7% [95% confidence interval {CI}, 2.6%-8.5%], 8.9% [95% CI, 7.1%-11.2%], and 9.2% [95% CI, 6.1%-13.8%] for 1999-2000, 2001-2002, and 2003-2004, respectively; P = .04, adjusted for age, sex, and race). Having proteinuria (odds ratio, 3.04 [95% CI, 1.62-5.70]), diabetes (OR, 2.19 [95% CI, 1.03-4.64]), and hypertension (OR, 2.92 [95% CI, 1.57-5.42]) and being male (OR, 2.06 [95% CI, 1.15-3.69]) were all statistically significantly associated with greater awareness among persons with CKD stage 3 after adjustment. Chronic kidney disease awareness increased almost 2-fold for those with CKD stage 3 over recent years but remains low. Persons with risk factors for CKD (proteinuria, diabetes, hypertension, and male sex) were more likely to be aware of their stage 3 disease. CONCLUSION Renewed and innovative efforts should be made to increase CKD awareness among patients and health care providers.
Defining Molecular Signature of Pro-Immunogenic Radiotherapy Targets in Human Prostate Cancer Cells

To understand the impact of clinically relevant radiation therapy (RT) on tumor immune gene expression and to utilize the changes that occur during treatment to improve cancer treatment outcome, we examined how immune response genes are modulated in prostate cancer cells of varying p53 status. LNCaP (p53 wild-type), PC3 (p53 null) and DU145 (p53 mutant) cells received a 10 Gy single dose or 1 Gy × 10 multifractionated radiation dose to simulate hypofractionated and conventionally fractionated prostate radiotherapy. Total RNA was isolated 24 h after multifractionated radiation treatment and single-dose treatments and subjected to microarray analysis and later validated by RT-PCR. RT-PCR was utilized to identify total-dose inflection points for significantly upregulated genes in response to multifractionated radiation therapy. Radiation-induced damage-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) and cytokine analyses were performed using bioluminescence and ELISA. Multifractionated doses activated immune response genes more robustly than single-dose treatment, with a relatively larger number of immune genes upregulated in PC3 compared to DU145 and LNCaP cells. The inflection point of multifractionated radiation-induced immune genes in PC3 cells was observed in the range of 8–10 Gy total radiation dose. Although both multifractionated and single-dose radiation-induced proinflammatory DAMPs and positively modulated the cytokine environment, the changes were of higher magnitude with multifractionated therapy. The findings of this study together with the gene expression data suggest that cells subjected to multifractionated radiation treatment would promote productive immune cell–tumor cell interactions.
Shared care between geriatricians and orthopaedic surgeons as a model of care for older patients with hip fractures.

AIMS To evaluate the effect of shared care between geriatricians and orthopaedic surgeons as a model of care for older patients with hip fractures. METHODS All patients over the age of 65 years are under the shared care of an orthopaedic surgeon and geriatrician (the Ortho-Medicine Service) when they are admitted to the Orthopaedic Service, Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand. This retrospective case records audit includes all patients over the age of 65 years with hip fracture admitted to this service over a 6-month period from December 2002 to June 2003. RESULTS There were 150 patients. The median age was 83 years (range 66-99 years). Median total length of stay was 23 days. Median time delay until theatre was 43.5 hours. Inpatient mortality was 0.7%. Of 97 patients admitted from home, 86(88.6%) returned home, 6 (6.2%) went to rest home care, and 5 (5.2 %) went to hospital level care. Of 43 patients admitted from rest home care, 40 (93%) returned to rest home care, and 3 (7.0 %) were discharged to hospital level care. Three patients admitted from rest home dementia care and six patients admitted from hospital level care were discharged back to their pre-morbid place of domicile. At discharge, 86.8% of patients were on Vitamin D supplementation and over 80% were on calcium. Only 10.6% were discharged on bisphosphonates. CONCLUSIONS Shared care between geriatricians and orthopaedic surgeons for older people with hip fractures is associated with a low in-patient mortality, with the majority returning to their pre-morbid place of domicile. Length of stay has increased. Most patients are discharged on treatment for osteoporosis.
Relationship of somatic cell count and cell volume analysis of goat's milk to intramammary infection with coagulase-negative staphylococci

Summary The prevalence of intramammary infection in 4 commercial goat herds was studied in conjunction with electronic somatic cell count and volume analysis, determined using a Coulter Counter and volume analyser. Neither streptococci nor mycoplasma were isolated from any half and the prevalence of intramammary infection with Staphylococcus aureus ranged from 0 to 3% between herds. For coagulase-negative staphylococci the range for infected halves was 36–71%. There was no significant difference between the mean total microscopic somatic cell count for halves infected with coagulase-negative staphylococci and those free from infection. A similar trend was observed for electronic somatic cell counts although the mean electronic cell count was greater than the mean total microscopic count on the 2 occasions that they were compared. The correlation coefficients between the 2 cell counting methods were 0·86 and 0·94. Between herds there were significant differences in mean electronic somatic cell count, with herd means ranging from 438×103 to 1684×103 cells/ml. In 2 of the 4 herds studied, milk samples from halves infected with coagulase-negative staphylococci had a significantly higher prevalence of cell volume distributions with a modal cell volume between 65 µ3 and 100 µ3. This was attributed to a higher proportion of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Use of electronic somatic cell count and cell volume analysis were considered of little value in predicting infection caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci as there was a high proportion of false negative and false positive predictions.
New digit-serial three-operand multiplier over binary extension fields for high-performance applications

Digit-serial polynomial basis multipliers over GF(2m) are broadly applied in elliptic curve cryptography, because squaring and polynomial reduction in GF(2m) are simple operations. In this paper, we define a partial product formula to derive a new digit-serial three-operand multiplication algorithm. On the basis of the proposed algorithm, we have derived a new digit-serial structures for computing three-operand multiplication. Our proposed structures can reduce latency (clock cycles) by approximately 50% compared to the existing digit-serial two-operand multipliers used to perform three-operand multiplication. Therefore, the proposed structure can achieve high-throughput designs. According to the analysis reports, the advantages of the proposed designs are a short critical path, a low area-delay product, and a high throughput.
Small preterm infants (less than or equal to 1500 g) have only a sustained decrease in ventilation in response to hypoxia.

The classic "biphasic" ventilatory response to 15% O2 was previously observed in preterm infants who were large compared with those in the intensive care nursery today. We hypothesized that in the smaller infant (less than or equal to 1500 g) the response might be closer to that of the fetus, with no initial increase in ventilation. Thus, we studied 14 healthy preterm infants less than or equal to 1500 g [birth weight 1200 +/- 63 g (mean +/- SEM); gestational age 29 +/- 0.4 wk; postnatal age 17 +/- 3 d] during rapid eye movement and quiet sleep. Ventilation was measured using a nosepiece and a flow-through system. Sleep states were defined using EEG, electro-oculogram, and body movements. After a control period in 21% O2 (3 min), infants breathed 15% O2 for 5 min. In rapid eye movement sleep, minute ventilation decreased from 0.186 +/- 0.020 (control) to 0.178 +/- 0.021 (30 s), to 0.171 +/- 0.017 (1 min; p = 0.03), to 0.145 +/- 0.016 (3 min; p = 0.002), and to 0.129 +/- 0.011 l.min-1.kg-1 (5 min; p = 0.004). In quiet sleep, it decreased from 0.173 +/- 0.019 (control) to 0.164 +/- 0.019 (30 s), to 0.166 +/- 0.019 (1 min), to 0.148 +/- 0.013 (3 min; p = 0.03), and to 0.146 +/- 0.012 l.min-1.kg-1 (5 min; p = 0.04). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Acute kidney failure in neonatal period.

INTRODUCTION Acute kidney failure (AKF) is a common clinical problem in neonatal intensive care units and is usually associated with a contributing condition such as sepsis, asphyxia, and heart failure. The aim of this study was to determine the types, frequency of associated contributing conditions, and short-term outcome of neonatal AKF. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records of neonates with a diagnosis of AKF from March 2003 to September 2006 were studied in a tertiary care children's hospital in Tabriz, Iran. RESULTS Of 6042 hospitalized neonates, 151 with documented AKF (100 boys and 51 girls) were reviewed in the study. Ninety-one patients (60.3%) had been referred from other cities. Fifty-seven patients (37.7%) developed AKF following a surgery. Causes of AKF were intrinsic kidney failure in 52.3%, prerenal in 42.4%, and postrenal in 5.3%. Oliguria was observed in 72.2% of the patients. Perinatal asphyxia was present in 29.8% of the neonates, sepsis in 28.5%, respiratory distress syndrome in 25.2%, dehydration in 24.2%, and heart failure in 21.2%. Most patients (85.4%) had more than 1 associated contributing condition. Mortality rate was 20.5%. Most patients (76.2%) were discharged with normal kidney function and 3.3% with diminished kidney function. Initial admission to NICU, female sex, septicemia, and the need for mechanical ventilation were associated with a higher mortality rate. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of associated contributing conditions and short-term outcome of neonatal AKF in our institution is comparable with other studies; however, intrinsic kidney failure comprises the most common form of AKF in our patients.
Use of Orlistat 60 mg in the Management of Weight Loss before Bariatric Surgery

BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing gastric bypass surgery are usually required to lose weight during the preoperative phase of their management. For some individuals, this is difficult to achieve with diet and exercise alone, and the use of weight loss medication may be considered a treatment option. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of orlistat 60 mg taken up to 3 times daily as an adjunct to achieve the 10% preoperative weight loss recommended in this bariatric program prior to gastric bypass surgery. METHODS: The aim was to recruit 50 patients (25 treatment, 25 controls) who were in the preoperative phase of their bariatric program. Patients were referred by their physician. Control subjects were selected from individuals who were eligible but not interested in participating in the study during the same period. All patients received usual care. RESULTS: Nineteen patients (5 males) and 19 age- and sex-matched controls were included. The mean (SD) initial body mass index for the treatment versus control group was, respectively, 49.5 (10.5) versus 47.2 (4.9) kg/m2 (p = 0.559). At 3 months, the percent excess weight (EW) loss was 2.4 (3.8) (n = 15) versus 5.5 (7.6) (n = 19) (p = 0.111) and the percent total body weight (TBW) loss was 1.2 (1.9) versus 2.9 (4.1) (p = 0.103). At 6 months, the percent EW loss was 3.6 (6.4) (n = 9) versus 10.2 (8.0) (n = 16) (p = 0.036) and the percent TBW loss was 2.0 (3.4) versus 5.4 (4.2) (p = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS: Some patients felt that orlistat was beneficial for weight loss; however, overall, they did not show benefit from its addition to their preoperative weight loss management.
LDL activates signaling pathways leading to an increase in cytosolic free calcium and stimulation of CD11b expression in monocytes Published, JLR Papers in Press, May 1, 2003. DOI 10.1194/jlr.M200427-JLR200

In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms by which plasma lipoproteins modulate the integrin-dependent adhesion properties of monocytes. LDL induced the expression of the monocyte CD11b in vitro as well as in vivo via intracellular signaling mechanisms involving calcium transients. The effect on CD11b transcription was specific for native LDL and was blocked by a neutralizing anti-LDL receptor antibody. Neither oxidized LDL nor HDL had any effect on CD11b expression. Although LDL stimulated CD11b surface expression, the integrins were not activated. To initiate the CD11b-specific adhesion to the endothelium, the engagement of chemokine receptor CCR2 and intact chemokine-to-integrin signaling was necessary. However, the activation of CCR2 with monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 not only stimulated the integrins preexisting on the cell surface, but also increased the number of CD11b molecules on the cell surface. This was particularly pronounced in THP-1 cells after treatment with LDL. In a previous study, we showed that LDL induces the expression of CCR2 in monocytes. We conclude that this may be the underlying cause of the enhanced chemokine effect on CD11b expression and activation observed with these cells.
Exposure of populations to dioxins and related compounds

The present situation with respect to the exposure of the general human population to PCDDs, PCDFs and (dioxin-like) PCBs and specific issues that should be taken into consideration for a risk assessment of these exposures have been summarized. The information is based on studies performed in The Netherlands and Germany in the last 10 years. Additional data have been collected through a literature search and through many contacts with researchers and national authorities. The most important route for human exposure to PCDDs, PCDFs and (dioxin-like) PCBs is food consumption contributing over 90% of total exposure, with products of animal origin and fish making the greatest contribution to this exposure. The dietary intake of PCDDs and PCDFs by the general population of industrialized countries is on average 1–3 picograms of (i)-TEQ per kilogram body weight per day. If the contribution of dioxin-like PCBs are also considered, the daily TEQ intake can be a factor of two to three higher. Special consumption habits and consumption of highly contaminated foodstuffs may lead to lower and higher TEQ intakes. In general, TEQ intake increases during childhood and stabilizes in adults of about 20 years of age. However, when normalized by body weight exposure is found to decrease with childhood age due to increasing body weight. Exposure has been shown to have fallen over time in all countries where data are available. Countries that started to implement measures to reduce dioxin emissions in the late 1980s, such as The Netherlands, United Kingdom and Germany, clearly show decreasing PCDD/PCDF and PCB levels in food and consequently a significantly lower dietary intake of these compounds by almost a factor of 2 within the past 7 years.