Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Process Evaluation of an eHealth Intervention (Food4toddlers) to Improve Toddlers' Diet: Randomized Controlled Trial

Background Parents seek trustworthy information online to promote healthy eating for their toddlers. Such information must be perceived as relevant and easy to implement and use. Objective The objectives of this study were to conduct a process evaluation of the electronic health (eHealth) intervention (Food4toddlers) targeting food environment, parental feeding practices, and toddlers’ diet and to examine possible differences in these areas according to education and family composition. Methods A 2-armed randomized controlled trial, including 298 parent–toddler dyads from Norway, was conducted in 2017. In total, 148 parents in the intervention group received access to an intervention website for 6 months. Data on website usage were retrieved from the learning management platform used (NEO). Participants’ satisfaction with the intervention was asked for in a postintervention questionnaire. Chi-square and t tests were used to examine differences in usage and satisfaction between education and family composition groups. Results Most participants were mothers (144/148, 97.2%), lived in two-adult households (148/148, 100%), and were born in Norway (132/148, 89.1%). Mean parental age was 31.5 years (SD 4.2). More than 87.8% (129/147) had a university education degree and 56.5% (83/147) had over 4 years of university education. Most (128/148, 86.5%) intervention participants entered the website at least once (mean days of access 7.4 [SD 7.1]). Most parents reported the website as appropriate to the child’s age (71/83, 86%) and self-explanatory (79/83, 95%) and appreciated the interface (52/83, 63%) and layout (46/83, 55%). In total, 61% (51/83) stated that they learned something new from the intervention. Parents with over 4 years of university education and in 1-child households used the intervention website more than those with 4 years or less of university education (8.4 vs 5.9 days in total, P=.04) and households with more than 1 child (8.3 vs 5.8 days in total, P=.04), respectively. Conclusions The Food4toddlers intervention website was found to be relevant by most participants in the intervention group, although usage of the website differed according to educational level and family composition. For eHealth interventions to be effective, intervention materials such as websites must be used by the target group. Our results highlight the need to include users from different groups when developing interventions. Trial Registration ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN92980420; http://www.isrctn. com/ISRCTN92980420
Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Based Therapy—An Alternative to Arthroplasty for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis? A State of the Art Review of Clinical Trials

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disorder worldwide and to date no regenerative treatment has been established in clinical practice. This review evaluates the current literature on the clinical translation of mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy in OA management with a focus on safety, outcomes and procedural specifics. PubMed, Cochrane Library and clinicaltrials.gov were searched for clinical studies using MSCs for OA treatment. 290 articles were initially identified and 42 articles of interest, including a total of 1325 patients, remained for further examination. Most of the included studies used adipose tissue-derived MSCs or bone-marrow-derived MSCs to treat patients suffering from knee OA. MSC-based therapy for knee OA appears to be safe and presumably effective in selected parameters. Yet, a direct comparison between studies was difficult due to a pronounced variance regarding methodology, assessed outcomes and evidence levels. Intensive scientific engagement is needed to identify the most effective source and dosage of MSCs for OA treatment in the future. Consent on outcome measures has to be reached and eventually patient sub-populations need to be identified that will profit most from MSC-based treatment for OA.
Habitat Characteristics of Spiraea virginiana Britton, a Federally Threatened Riparian Shrub, in North Carolina

ABSTRACT We studied the habitat characteristics of Spiraea virginiana Britton (Virginia spiraea), a federally threatened riparian shrub, along eight rivers in western North Carolina. Comparisons between plots with and without S. virginiana revealed that S. virginiana plots were on steep, south-facing slopes and had a higher percentage of large substrate, lower herbaceous and vine cover, higher non–S. virginiana shrub density, lower tree influence, and higher visible sky than control plots. When relating these habitat attributes to the presence/absence of S. virginiana using conditional logistic regression, only substrate size and non–S. virginiana shrub density had significant effects on S. virginiana presence. Principal components analysis (PCA) of all plots (S. virginiana and control) found S. virginiana plots separating from controls that had higher vine and herb cover and lower non–S. virginiana shrub density and slope. Spiraea virginiana plots at the Cheoah River separated from other sites by having greater substrate size and tree influence, and lower visible sky and herb cover. Regression analysis between S. virginiana volume and PCA axes (of plots with S. virginiana only) indicated that volume increased with increasing small substrate, visible sky and non–S. virginiana shrub density, but decreased with increasing tree influence, herb and vine cover, and decreasing slope. Spiraea virginiana restoration efforts should focus on habitats with the attributes described in this study to favor its presence. To ensure S. virginiana vigor, competition from trees, non–S. virginiana shrubs, vines and herbs, especially aggressive nonnative species, should be reduced.
Monodisperse and polydisperse PEGylation of peptides and proteins: a comparative study.

Although PEGylation is widely used in biomedicine with great success, it suffers many drawbacks, such as polydispersity, non-biodegradability, and loss of precursor potency. Recently, the search for polyethylene glycols (PEGs) substitutes has attracted considerable attention. Some of the substitutes partially address the drawbacks of PEGs, but sacrifice the "stealth" effect of PEGs and bring in new issues. Herein, we developed monodisperse oligoethylene glycol (M-OEG) polyamides over 5000 Da as biodegradable and monodisperse PEGylation (M-PEGylation) agents, which provided M-PEGylated peptides and proteins with high monodispersity and a biodegradable PEG moiety. Compared to regular PEGylated proteins with a complex "stealth" cloud of PEG, the hydrogen bond interactions between the M-OEG polyamides and proteins provided the M-PEGylated protein with a biodegradable "stealth" cloak. The monodisperse and biodegradable M-PEGylation strategy as well as the peculiar protein-M-OEG polyamides interactions may shed light on many long-lasting issues during the development of PEGylated biologic drugs, such as monodispersity, biodegradability, and tunable conformation.
Flowers in Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) Pollinator Plantings and the Upper Midwest Agricultural Landscape Supporting Honey Bees

A present goal of the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) is to manage land in agricultural landscapes to increase pollinator abundance and diversity. CP42, or the pollinator seed mix, is planted and managed to support foraging pollinators with blooming flowers present at all points in the foraging season. This high-quality habitat provides an excellent opportunity to study honey bee nutrition and determine whether honey bees located near CRP sites use known resources included in planting seed mixes. This study aims to highlight the primary sources of honey bee forage in the northern Midwest as well as to assess honey bee utilization of the floral resources provided by the pollinator seed mix used for CRP plantings. We received pollen samples collected using pollen traps by beekeepers in Ohio, South Dakota, Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan. Metabarcoding methods were used to identify and quantify pollen collected at different points in the season. The results indicate that honey bees frequently used major mass flowering resources such as Glycine, Trifolium, and Symphiotrichum throughout the season. In addition, flowers included in the CRP pollinator seed mix were used modestly. These results have implications for pollinator seed mix design.
Axo‐glial interaction in the injured PNS

Axons share a close relationship with Schwann cells, their glial partners in peripheral nerves. An intricate axo‐glia network of signals and bioactive molecules regulates the major aspects of nerve development and normal functioning of the peripheral nervous system. Disruptions to these complex axo‐glial interactions can have serious neurological consequences, as typically seen in injured nerves. Recent studies in inherited neuropathies have demonstrated that damage to one of the partners in this symbiotic unit ultimately leads to impairment of the other partner, emphasizing the bidirectional influence of axon to glia and glia to axon signaling in these diseases. After physical trauma to nerves, dramatic alterations in the architecture and signaling environment of peripheral nerves take place. Here, axons and Schwann cells respond adaptively to these perturbations and change the nature of their reciprocal interactions, thereby driving the remodeling and regeneration of peripheral nerves. In this review, we focus on the nature and importance of axon‐glia interactions in injured nerves, both for the reshaping and repair of nerves after trauma, and in driving pathology in inherited peripheral neuropathies.
Communications of the Association for Information Systems Communications of the Association for Information Systems

: The increase in the number of mobile devices that use the Android operating system has attracted the attention of cybercriminals who want to disrupt or gain unauthorized access to them through malware infections. To prevent such malware, cybersecurity experts and researchers require datasets of malware samples that most available antivirus software programs cannot detect. However, researchers have infrequently discussed how to identify evolving Android malware characteristics from different sources. In this paper, we analyze a wide variety of Android malware datasets to determine more discriminative features such as permissions and intents. We then apply machine-learning techniques on collected samples of different datasets based on the acquired features’ similarity. We perform random sampling on each cluster of collected datasets to check the antivirus software’s capability to detect the sample. We also discuss some common pitfalls in selecting datasets. Our findings benefit firms by acting as an exhaustive source of information about leading Android malware datasets.
Adopting a circular open-field layout in designing flexible manufacturing systems

ABSTRACT A new circular open field layout composed of a vehicle-based material handling system and multiple circular loops is proposed. The suggested layout offers more flexibility for high-mix low-volume production systems compared to other layouts as it maximizes the number of equidistant machines. A novel approach that integrates experimental design with computational modelling and statistical analysis was followed to study the proposed system. Forty experimental scenarios were generated using Face Centred Composite Design (FCCD) to numerically investigate the effect of layout, production quantity, variety and complexity on minimum production cost. To determine the minimum production cost in each experiment, a linear programming (LP) optimization model was formulated with layout dependent machine distance algorithm. The model solves for the optimum location of the machines and machine cell formations that minimizes the production cost. It considers material handling costs, alternative process routing, operations sequence, lot splitting, and machine costs. Furthermore, the cost was modeled using regression analysis to provide a quick estimate without the need to run computational intensive numerical models. Results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed layout with cost savings reaching 35% compared to traditional open field layout when product variety and complexity are increased.
Effact of naphthalene acetic acid in agriculture and the role of increase yield

Plant growth regulators are one of the most important factors for increasing higher yield in leafy vegetables. Application of growth regulators has good management effect on growth and yield of field crops. Hormones regulate physiological process and synthetic growth regulators may enhance growth and development of field crops thereby increased total dry mass of a field crop. Naphthalene Acetic Acid have been used for the enhancement of growth and yield of cereals. Naphthalene Acitic Acid, a wide broad, somatotrophin-like growth regulator in plants. It produces significant effects in promoting development of pointed ends for the root system, resulting in more, straighter and thicker roots. NAA can increase fruit setting ratio, prevent fruit dropping, promote flower sex ratio.
Student teachers knowledge of and attitudes toward chemical hormone usage in biotechnology

Application of modern technologies may be problematic especially if they possess health risks to humans and/or when humans are not aware about these technologies. In this study we investigated non-major student teachers’ attitudes to and knowledge of the chemical hormone usage, a controversial topic in the field of modern biotechnology. Although students’ knowledge was considered to be limited (8 of 14 items were correctly responded by more than half of participants), we failed to find any differences in mean scores with respect to age or gender. In contrast, females showed less favourable attitudes toward chemical hormones than males. These gender differences were found in topics that represented relatively higher risk to human health which supports the “gender paradox hypothesis” which proposes that females have more tentative attitudes towards new products than males because they buy food for children.
Comparison of the Use of Active Vision for Depth Perception in Three Grasshopper Families (Orthoptera: Caelifera)

ABSTRACT Movement behavior immediately before a jump in an experimental arena was investigated for 17 species, representing three central European grasshopper families (Caelifera). It was found that pygmy grasshoppers (Tetrigidae) execute quick forward and backward and occasionally sideways rocking movements, whereas acridids (Acrididae) and catantopids (Catantopidae) execute slow side-to-side movements. All movements are executed without locomotion and are limited to the horizontal plane. Six movement variations were observed for each of the three families; these were the same for the acridids and catantopids. Differences in the frequency of the movement variations and in the velocity and amplitude of the movements indicate species-specific adaptations. Because the movements are translatory and are oriented toward contrast boundaries, they can be regarded as peering motions. In acridids and catantopids, it can be assumed that image displacement is used for the determination of the jump distance. Jumps executed by pygmy grasshoppers were less accurate. Possibly the more irregular rocking movements of these ground-dwelling grasshoppers do not permit such accurate distance estimation as the slower side-to-side movements of the other species, but rather they serve to aid in overall perception of obstacles in the environment, for example. Because pygmy grasshoppers are considered to be more primitive than the other two families, their peering-jump behavior may provide indications concerning the evolution of peering movements. In grasshoppers, it seems that quick rocking movements evolved earlier than slow side-to-side peering movements. It seems plausible that the movements developed from locomotory and compensatory movements preceding jump takeoff.
Assessment of Dietary Intake and Nutritional Status in CrossFit-Trained Individuals: A Descriptive Study

CrossFit is a discipline with high training and nutritional requirements. To date, there is only scarce data evaluating nutrition among CrossFit training and they mostly focus on selected nutritional interventions. Therefore, the purpose of this descriptive study was the assessment of dietary intake and nutritional status in a selected group of CrossFit-trained participants. The study consisted of 62 CrossFit athletes (31 men and 31 women, aged 31.0 ± 5.2 and 30.0 ± 4.3 years, respectively). Body composition was analyzed by electrical bioimpedance. Dietary intake was assessed using a standardized 3-day food record. Body fat percentage for females and males was 20.3 ± 4.3% and 13.7 ± 3.3% respectively. The energy intake in the diet was lower (~1700 kcal in women and ~2300 kcal in men) than the recommended demand. Moreover, low consumption of carbohydrates was stated, as well as an inadequate intake of folate, vitamin E (in women), and minerals, such as Fe and Ca (in women). The energy, carbohydrate, iron, and calcium intake in the CrossFit participants’ diet was too low in comparison to recommendations. It seems justified to educate athletes and coaches about nutritional habits, and individual energy and nutrients requirements.
Patterns of genetic diversification in the invasive hybrid plant pathogen Phytophthora x alni and its parental species P. uniformis.

In pathogenic fungi and oomycetes, interspecific hybridization may lead to the formation of new species having a greater impact on natural ecosystems than the parental species. From the early 1990s, a severe alder (Alnus spp.) decline due to an unknown Phytophthora species was observed in several European countries. Genetic analyses revealed that the disease was caused by the triploid hybrid P. x alni, which originated in Europe from the hybridization of P. uniformis and P. x multiformis. Here, we investigated the population structure of P. x alni (158 isolates) and P. uniformis (85 isolates) in several European countries using microsatellite markers. Our analyses confirmed the genetic structure previously observed in other European populations, with P. uniformis populations consisting of at most two multilocus genotypes (MLGs) and P. x alni populations dominated by MLG Pxa-1. The genetic structure of P. x alni populations in the Czech Republic, Hungary and Sweden seemed to reflect the physical isolation of river systems. Most rare P. x alni MLGs showed a loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at one or a few microsatellite loci compared with other MLGs. This LOH may allow a stabilization within the P. x alni genome or a rapid adaptation to stress situations. Alternatively, alleles may be lost because of random genetic drift in small, isolated populations, with no effect on fitness of P. x alni. Additional studies would be necessary to confirm these patterns of population diversification and to better understand the factors driving it.
Essential Thrombocythemia and Acquired von Willebrand Syndrome: The Shadowlands between Thrombosis and Bleeding

Over the past decade, new insights have emerged on the pathophysiology of essential thrombocythemia (ET), its clinical management, and associated thrombohemostatic disturbances. Here, we review the latest diagnostic and risk stratification modalities of ET and its therapeutics. Moreover, we discuss the clinical evidence-based benefits, deriving from major clinical trials, of using cytoreductive therapy and antiplatelet agents to lower the risk of fatal vascular events. Also, we focus on the condition of extreme thrombocytosis (>1000 × 109/L) and bleeding risk, the development and pathogenesis of acquired von Willebrand syndrome, and the clinical approach to this paradoxical scenario in ET.
EphA3 promotes the proliferation of NPC cells through negatively regulating the ability of FOG2.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression level of EphA3 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and its effect on the proliferative capacity of NPC. Meanwhile, the underlying mechanism by which EphA3 prompts NPC malignant progression was further explored. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this study, the expression of EphA3 in 42 pairs of tumor tissue specimens and paracancerous ones collected from NPC patients was detected by quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR), and the interplay between EphA3 expression and clinical indicators, as well as prognosis of NPC patients was analyzed. Meanwhile, qRT-PCR was also applied to further verify EphA expression in NPC cell lines. In addition, EphA knockdown model was constructed in NPC cell lines, CNE2, and 6-10B, and the impacts of EphA on NPC cell functions was assessed through Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), cell colony formation, as well as 5-Ethynyl-2'- deoxyuridine (EdU) assays. Finally, a potential interplay between EphA3 and FOG2 was also investigated. RESULTS In this study, qRT-PCR results revealed that EphA3 expression levels in tumor tissues of patients with NPC were markedly higher than those in adjacent tissues. Compared with patients with low expression of EphA3, those with highly expressed EphA3 had a more advanced pathological stage. In addition, in vitro experiments showed that knocking down EphA3 notably attenuated the proliferation capacity of NPC cells. Subsequently, it was found that the expression of FOG2 in NPC cells was remarkably decreased both in NPC cell lines and tissues, which had a negative correlation with EphA3. Finally, cell recovery experiment revealed a mutual regulation between EphA3 and FOG2, which then together affected the malignant progression of NPC. CONCLUSIONS EphA3 is significantly relevant to pathological staging and poor prognosis of patients with NPC and may enhance the proliferation ability of NPC cells by modulating FOG2.
Seeking shelter from the storm: responses of benthic stream invertebrates to natural and experimental floods

Flooding is an important physical disturbance in many streams and rivers. Ecological theory suggests that population persistence will be enhanced if organisms can take shelter from high flow during floods. We investigated whether the black fly larva Simulium tribulatum actively moves to sheltered microhabitats during natural and simulated floods. First, we quantified the relationship between larval abundance and availability of sheltered and exposed microhabitats on a single boulder during and after a natural flood in Taylor Run, Pennsylvania. Changes in abundance were significantly associated with microhabitat type. Abundances in all sheltered microhabitats were greater during than after the flood, whereas abundances in all exposed microhabitats were lower during than after the flood. We used a controlled field experiment to verify this relationship by creating simulated floods over artificial substrata containing exposed and sheltered microhabitats. Larval densities were highest in exposed microhabitats before and after the flood, but were highest in sheltered microhabitats during the flood. Larval densities on constant-flow substrata were always highest in exposed microhabitats. We used hot-film anemometry in a laboratory flume to quantify near-bed velocities in different microhabitats on an artificial substratum during low- and high-velocity conditions, and examined corresponding changes in larval density in those microhabitats. During high-velocity conditions, larval densities declined in microhabitats with near-bed velocities >100 cm/s and increased in sheltered regions with velocities <100 cm/s. Thus, larvae can move quickly to sheltered microhabitats as velocities increase, and return rapidly (order of minutes) to more exposed microhabitats as velocities diminish. This behavior should confer fitness benefits and enhance population persistence, particularly in streams with larger substratum sizes that remain immobile during most floods.