Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Theory of mind and social functioning in first episode psychosis

Introduction. There is evidence of associations between social functioning and theory of mind performance and between social functioning and negative symptoms in chronic psychosis. This study investigates these associations in those with first episode psychosis who are unaffected by factors related to long-term mental illness. Our first hypothesis states that there is an association between theory of mind and social functioning. The second hypothesis states that there is no association between symptoms of psychosis and social functioning. Methods. Fifty-two individuals with first episode psychosis were assessed for social functioning, theory of mind ability (using the Hinting test with verbal stimuli and the Visual Cartoon test with pictorial stimuli), and symptoms of psychosis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine associations. Results. Social functioning and theory of mind were associated when measured by the Hinting test (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.08, 2.66), but not with the Visual Cartoon test (ToM jokes OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.15, 2.53). There was no association between social functioning and symptoms (psychotic symptoms; OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.81, 1.12; selected negative symptoms; OR 1.33, 95% CI 0.78, 2.25). Conclusions. Theory of mind assessed by verbal stimuli is associated with social functioning in a population with first episode psychosis. These findings may be related to language disorders in psychosis.
The Economic Consequences of Social Network Structure

We survey the literature on the economic consequences of the structure of social networks. We develop a taxonomy of "macro" and "micro" characteristics of social-interaction networks and discuss both the theoretical and empirical findings concerning the role of those characteristics in determining learning, diffusion, decisions, and resulting behaviors. We also discuss the challenges of accounting for the endogeneity of networks in assessing the relationship between the patterns of interactions and behaviors.
Psychological and Physiological Responses to Stereoscopic 3D Presentation in Handheld Digital Gaming: Comparing the Experiences of Frequent and Infrequent Game Players

Recent advances in commercial gaming technology include stereoscopic 3D presentation. This experiment employed a mixed factorial design to explore the effects of game display format (2D; 3D), frequency of game play (weekly; non-weekly), and participant gender (male; female) on feelings of presence and arousal among participants playing a handheld racing video game. Responses to display format were moderated by frequency of game play, with stereoscopic 3D presentation eliciting reduced presence and increased arousal among weekly game players, but the reverse pattern among non-weekly game players. Theoretical and practical implications of the moderating role of game play frequency in effects of 3D presentation are discussed.
Development of pancreas

Pancreatic development is reviewed in man, mammals, and birds. Anatomical differences and differing topography of pancreatic excretory ducts are described in a series of mammalian species. Species differences are discussed with respect to their embryological significance. The developmental potency of the hepatopancreatic ring is stressed. Cytodifferentiation of exocrine and endocrine cells is considered. Microsc. Res. Tech. 37:374–383, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deletion Mutagenesis of p22phox Subunit of Flavocytochrome b558

The heterodimeric flavocytochrome b558, comprised of the two integral membrane proteins p22phox and gp91phox, mediates the transfer of electrons from NADPH to molecular oxygen in the phagocyte NADPH oxidase to generate the superoxide precursor of microbicidal oxidants. This study uses deletion mutagenesis to identify regions of p22phox required for maturation of gp91phox and for NADPH oxidase activity. N-terminal, C-terminal, or internal deletions of human p22phox were generated and expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells with transgenes for gp91phox and two other NADPH oxidase subunits, p47phox, and p67phox. The results demonstrate that p22phox-dependent maturation of gp91phox carbohydrate, cell surface expression of gp91phox, and the enzymatic function of flavocytochrome b558 are closely correlated. Whereas the 5 N-terminal and 25 C-terminal amino acids are dispensable for these functions, the N-terminal 11 amino acids of p22phox are required, as is a hydrophilic region between amino acids 65 and 90. Upon deletion of 54 residues at the C terminus of p22phox (amino acids 142–195), maturation and cell surface expression of gp91phox was still preserved, although NADPH oxidase activity was absent, as expected, due to removal of a proline-rich domain between amino acids 151–160 that is required for recruitment of p47phox. Antibody binding studies indicate that the extreme N terminus of p22phox is inaccessible in the absence of cell permeabilization, supporting a model in which both the N- and C-terminal domains of p22phox extend into the cytoplasm, anchored by two membrane-embedded regions.
TWO ADDITIONAL HEPATOZOON SPECIES (APICOMPLEXA: HEPATOZOIDAE) FROM THE SOUTHERN BLACK RACER, COLUBER CONSTRICTOR PRIAPUS (SERPENTES: COLUBRIDAE), IN NORTHERN FLORIDA

Hepatozoon priapus n. sp. from Coluber constrictor priapus has robust gamonts with broadly rounded ends, 18.0 × 4.2 μm (17.0–20.0 × 3.5–6.0), with LW 76.4 μm2 (59–105) and L/W 4.31 (2.9–5.4). The nucleus is always present in second quarter of gamont, seldom extend into first quarter but often into third quarter, 6.0 × 3.0 (5.0–7.0 × 2.5–4.0), with LW 17.9 (13.7–21.0). Erythrocyte cytoplasm is always thin, appearing dehemoglobinized, with infected cells always distorted. Infected erythrocytes are much longer and wider than uninfected cells, with longer nuclei. Oocysts are spherical to ovoid, 92.5 × 86.0 (55–123 × 47–115) and L/W 1.08 (1.0–1.3), contain 14.0 (6–31) sporocysts. Sporocysts, which are also spherical to ovoid, 26.3 × 23.3 (19–50 × 16–38), LW 641.2 (320–1,500) and L/W 1.13 (1.0–2.2), contain 12.6 (5–18) sporozoites. Hepatozoon confusus n. sp. , also from C. constrictor priapus, has slender gamonts with rounded ends, 15.6 × 4.1 (14.0–17.0 × 3.5–5.0), with LW 64.3 (52–80) and L/W 3.82 (2.8–4.4). The nucleus is always present in second quarter of gamont, commonly extending into first and third quarters, 5.0 × 2.7 (2.5–4.4 × 4.0–6.0), with LW 13.5 (11.0–16.5). Erythrocyte cytoplasm is sometimes thin, appearing partially dehemoglobinized, with infected cells usually distorted. Infected erythrocytes are longer than uninfected cells but similar in width, with erythrocyte nuclei longer. Oocysts are spherical to ovoid, 115.5 × 108.9 (52–278 × 50–278), with L/W 1.06 (1.0–1.2), and contain 25.0 (7–111) sporocysts. Sporocysts are spherical to ovoid, 27.6 × 25.2 (21–38 × 20–33), LW 701.3 (420–1,125) and L/W 1.09 (1.0–1.4), containing 20.2 (12–32) sporozoites.
Path tracking and obstacle avoidance of a FPGA-based mobile robot (MRTQ) via fuzzy algorithm

In this paper, a fuzzy algorithm is implemented on a FPGA-based mobile robot, called MRTQ (Mobile Robot of University of Tehran & Qazvin Azad University)-which could be regarded as an embedded system-for line tracking and obstacle avoidance purposes. MRTQ is a mobile robot platform which is developed for industrial researches and education purposes. As the first step, for the sake of validity of the proposed fuzzy rules, 30 rules in total are envisaged. Then, preliminary simulations are implemented in MATLAB. Moreover, as the main contribution of this work, the foregoing rules are implemented on FPGA. Several practical tests reveal the effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy rules for which MRTQ was able to track the path more precisely and softly in different speeds and avoid the detected obstacle through the path readily.
Spoof research paper is accepted by 157 journals

A spoof medical paper full of easily detectable flaws was submitted in a sting operation to 304 open access journals and accepted by more than half of them. The results, reported in Science 1 by journalist John Bohannon, reveal “an emerging Wild West in academic publishing,” he says, with mushrooming numbers of new journals profiting from the open access model, in which authors rather than readers pay the cost of publication. Bohannon invented the names of authors and affiliations—such as Ocorrafoo Cobange of Wassee Institute of Medicine—and submitted in their names variations of the same basic paper claiming to have found anticancer properties in a molecule extracted from a …
A role for anabolic steroids in the rehabilitation of patients with COPD? A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Skeletal muscle weakness commonly occurs in patients with COPD. Long-term use of systemic glucocorticosteroids further contributes to muscle weakness. Anabolic steroids could be an additional mode of intervention to improve outcome of pulmonary rehabilitation by increasing physiologic functioning, possibly mediated by increasing erythropoietic function. PATIENTS AND METHODS We randomly assigned 63 male patients with COPD to receive on days 1, 15, 29, and 43 a deep IM injection of 50 mg of nandrolone decanoate (ND) [Deca-Durabolin; N.V. Organon; Oss, The Netherlands] in 1 mL of arachis oil, or 1 mL of arachis oil alone (placebo) in a double-blind design. All patients participated in a standardized pulmonary rehabilitation program. Outcome measures were body composition by deuterium and bromide dilution, respiratory and peripheral muscle function, incremental exercise testing, and health status by the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire. RESULTS Treatment with ND relative to placebo resulted in higher increases in fat-free mass (FFM; mean, 1.7 kg [SD, 2.5] vs 0.3 kg [SD, 1.9]; p = 0.015) owing to a rise in intracellular mass (mean, 1.8 kg [SD, 3.1] vs - 0.5 kg [SD, 3.1]; p = 0.002). Muscle function, exercise capacity, and health status improved in both groups to the same extent. Only after ND were increases in erythropoietic parameters seen (erythropoietin: mean, 2.08 U/L [SD, 5.56], p = 0.067; hemoglobin: mean, 0.29 mmol/L [SD, 0.73], p = 0.055). In the total group, the changes in maximal inspiratory mouth pressure (PImax) and peak workload were positively correlated with the change in hemoglobin (r = 0.30, p = 0.032, and r = 0.34, p = 0.016, respectively), whereas the change in isokinetic leg work was correlated with the change in erythropoietin (r = 0.38, p = 0.013). In the patients receiving maintenance treatment with low-dose oral glucocorticosteroids (31 of 63 patients; mean, 7.5 mg/24 h [SD, 2.4]), greater improvements in PImax (mean, 6.0 cm H(2)O [SD, 8.82] vs - 2.18 cm H(2)O [SD, 11.08], p = 0.046), and peak workload (mean, 20.47 W [SD, 19.82] vs 4.80 W [SD, 7.74], p = 0.023) were seen after 8 weeks of treatment with ND vs placebo. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, a short-term course of ND had an overall positive effect relative to placebo on FFM without expanding extracellular water in patients with COPD. In the total group, the improvements in muscle function and exercise capacity were associated with improvements in erythropoietic parameters. The use of low-dose oral glucocorticosteroids as maintenance medication significantly impaired the response to pulmonary rehabilitation with respect to respiratory muscle function and exercise capacity, which could be restored by ND treatment.
An overview of the past, present and future of gravity‐wave drag parametrization for numerical climate and weather prediction models

Abstract An overview of the parametrization of gravity ‐wave drag in numerical ‐weather prediction and climate simulation models is presented. The focus is primarily on understanding the current status of gravity wave drag parametrization as a step towards the new parametrizations that will be needed for the next generation of atmospheric models. Both the early history and latest developments in the field are discussed. Parametrizations developed specifically for orographic and convective sources of gravity waves are described separately, as are newer parametrizations that collectively treat a spectrum of gravity wave motions. The differences in issues in and approaches for the parametrization of the lower and upper atmospheres are highlighted. Various emerging issues are also discussed, such as explicitly resolved gravity waves and gravity wave drag in models, and a range of unparametrized gravity wave processes that may need attention for the next generation of gravity wave drag parametrizations in models.
Testosterone replacement therapy in reversing "andropause": what is the proof-of-principle?

Abstract Testosterone replacement therapy is often equated with the macho male physique and virility and is viewed by some as an antiaging tonic. The growth in testosterone's reputation and its increased use by men of all ages has seemed to outpace the scientific evidences. This review will aim to examine the uncertainty regarding the nature and the clinical importance of the age-related reduction in the testosterone levels. Considerations will be given both to clinical symptoms, biochemical and clinical diagnostic criteria, and to the risk-to-benefit ratio of reversing late-onset hypogonadism in aging and older men.
Tsunamis Generated by Eruptions from Mount St. Augustine Volcano, Alaska

During an eruption of the Alaskan volcano Mount St. Augustine in the spring of 1986, there was concern about the possibility that a tsunami might be generated by the collapse of a portion of the volcano into the shallow water of Cook Inlet. A similar edifice collapse of the volcano and ensuing sea wave occurred during an eruption in 1883. Other sea waves resulting in great loss of life and property have been generated by the eruption of coastal volcanos around the world. Although Mount St. Augustine remained intact during this eruptive cycle, a possible recurrence of the 1883 events spurred a numerical simulation of the 1883 sea wave. This simulation, which yielded a forecast of potential wave heights and travel times, was based on a method that could be applied generally to other coastal volcanos.
USE OF METHOTREXATE TO TREAT PEMPHIGUS FOLIACEUS

The latest etiopatliogenic concepts on derniatoses of the pemphigus group has involved immunopathologic plienomena characterized by the presence of antiepithelium antibodies in the serum of patients. Studies by Lever and Goldberg,-^ by Peck and Oberman' and by Wolfl' and Schneider^ showed good results in treating pemphigus vulgaris patients with innnunosuppressants, particularly methotrexate. * AVe report on its use in treating South American jsemphigus foliaceus.
Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation: Global Land-Use Implications

Recent climate talks in Bali have made progress toward action on deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries, within the anticipated post-Kyoto emissions reduction agreements. As a result of such action, many forests will be better protected, but some land-use change will be displaced to other locations. The demonstration phase launched at Bali offers an opportunity to examine potential outcomes for biodiversity and ecosystem services. Research will be needed into selection of priority areas for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation to deliver multiple benefits, on-the-ground methods to best ensure these benefits, and minimization of displaced land-use change into nontarget countries and ecosystems, including through revised conservation investments.
Varieties of Populism: Literature Review and Research Agenda

In recent years, populism has attracted considerable interest from social scientists and political commentators. Yet the term ‘populism’ remains both widely used and widely contested. It has been defined based on political, economic, social, and discursive features and analyzed from myriad theoretical perspectives and a variety of methodological approaches. This literature review surveys different academic approaches to the study of populism. It aims at promoting the theoretical understanding of the concept and opening new methodological pathways for the study of populist politics. The timeframe of the research we survey spans from the late 19th century to the present day, and its geographical focus ranges from Eastern Europe and Latin America to the Anglo-American democracies. A comprehensive discussion of the research on the topic is timely and warranted, considering the role of populist politics in contemporary democracies.
Gadolinium‐labeled liposomes containing various amphiphilic Gd‐DTPA derivatives: Targeted MRI contrast enhancement agents for the liver

Unique paramagnetic liposomal contrast agents were synthesized and utilized for selective augmentation of T1 MR imaging of the livers of normal Balb/c mice. A series of amphipathic gadolinium complexes, which mimic phospholipids, was incorporated into the lamella of small unilamellar liposomes such that they become an integral part of its surface. The amphipathic complexing agents consisted of DTPA reagents in which two stearyl chains are attached via amide, ester, and thioester linkages. The in vitro stability and the in vivo lifetimes of the new amphipathic agents were dependent on the method used to attach the long‐chain alkyl groups. © 1991 Academic Press, Inc.
Study on Board-Level Drop Impact Reliability of Sn–Ag–Cu Solder Joint by Considering Strain Rate Dependent Properties of Solder

Board-level drop reliability test and analysis require dynamic characterization of the high strain-rate properties of the solder, along with solder joint failure tests. Relying on just the drop impact analysis of board-level dynamic response (i.e. G-levels and board bending strains) and an oversimplification of deformation response of solder joints (i.e., assuming elastic stress criteria) can lead to misleading conclusions in the physics-of-failure understanding in drop impact tests. In this paper, impact tests were conducted with a split Hopkinson pressure bar test system to study the dynamic response of bulk solder materials. A finite-element analysis of drop impact was conducted by considering different solder constitutive models such as the elastic and strain rate-dependent plastic model to investigate the effect of the solder constitutive model on the dynamic response of the solder joint. The important finding of this study is that the constitutive model used has a major impact on the dynamic response of solder joint stress and strain results. Theoretically, it is predicted that the strain rate-dependent plastic model gave better correlation results than the simple elastic model. A solder joint reliability characterization using the drop impact test with a clamped-clamped boundary condition was investigated for a plastic ball grid array assembly with Sn-Ag-Cu solder and two board surface finishes. In order to assess drop reliability of solder joint with different surface finishes, Charpy test was conducted to evaluate the dynamic strength of the soldered specimen using Sn-Ag-Cu solder and with or without Ni/Au plating.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of physostigmine in the rat after intravenous administration.

The time course of physostigmine (Phy) and metabolites in plasma, brain, and muscle, the inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) in plasma, and cholinesterase (ChE) activity in brain and muscle were studied in rat after iv bolus administration of 3H-Phy (100 micrograms/kg). The semilogarithmic plot of plasma Phy concentration versus time indicates a biphasic decline. These data were analyzed by nonlinear computer fitting program (PC-NONLIN) using a two-compartment open model with bolus input and first order elimination. The pharmacokinetic constants A, B, alpha, beta, AUC, K10 half-life, alpha-half-life, beta-half-life, K10, K12, and K21 were obtained. The alpha-half-life and the beta-half-life were 1.31 and 15.01 min, respectively. The apparent volume of distribution was found to be 270 ml. The clearance was 12.43 ml min-1. The half-life of Phy in brain was 11 min. The brain to plasma ratio (1.69) peaked at 15 min. Phy is metabolized to eseroline and three other metabolites, M1, M2, and M3. The distribution studies showed that the radioactivity per g of tissue was highest in kidney and liver, whereas the percentage of the administered dose in terms of radioactivity was maximum in muscle followed by liver. The maximum inhibition of BuChE (52%) correlates with the highest Phy concentration (84.6 ng/ml) in plasma at 2 min and 70% of the enzymic activity recovered by 45 min. The maximum inhibition of ChE (63%) in the brain correlates with the highest Phy concentration (128 ng/g) at 3 min, and 85% of the enzymic activity was recovered within an hour. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Trusted collaboration in distributed software development

Distributed systems have moved from application-specific, bespoke and mutually incompatible network protocols to open standards based on TCP/IP, HTTP, and SGML - the foundations of the World Wide Web (WWW). The emergence of the WWW has brought about a revolution in computer resource discovery and exploitation across organisational boundaries. Examples of this can be seen with recent advances in Security and Service Orientated Architectures such as Web Services and Grid middleware. Expansion of the WWW has seen the development of the Semantic Web, a layer on top of the WWW where content is enriched and made interoperable through standards such as RDF and OWL. Our work in these fields has brought together different ideas to further the advancement of version control; the SemanticWeb, Service Orientated Architectures, strong cryptography and the highly dynamic and collaborative WikiWikiWeb. Our online collaborative tool takes advantage of Description Logics, Named Graphs, digital signatures and Grids technologies, to improve collaboration for software engineers working in distributed software development, using semantic knowledge federation and inference rules. Such a system goes well beyond any current version control technology and demonstrates the value and future potential of Semantic Web technologies over traditional Relational Database Management Systems and overly expressive logics such as Prolog.