Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Serrated and Non-Serrated Precursor Lesions of Colorectal Cancer

Although often viewed as a single disease, colorectal cancer more accurately represents a family of diseases with different precursor lesions. Conventional (tubular, tubulovillous and villous) adenomas are the most common neoplastic lesions occurring in the large intestine. They have adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) mutations and arise from dysplastic aberrant crypt foci, initially as polyclonal lesions. In sporadic tumours, neoplastic progression follows the traditional pathway (chromosomal instability pathway), resulting in CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP)-negative, microsatellite-stable (MSS), BRAF and KRAS wild-type cancers. Germline mutations in the APC gene lead to familial adenomatous polyposis. Conventional adenomas are also the precursors of Lynch syndrome-associated microsatellite-instable (MSI-high) cancers. Sessile serrated adenoma/polyp (SSA/P) is the principal precursor lesion of the serrated pathway, in which BRAF mutation can lead to colorectal cancer with MSI-high CIMP-high or MSS CIMP-high phenotype. SSA/Ps have been associated with synchronous and metachronous invasive adenocarcinomas as well as so-called interval carcinomas. Serrated polyposis is rare but most likely underdiagnosed. Affected individuals bear an increased but unspecified risk for the development of colorectal cancer; close endoscopic surveillance is warranted. Traditional serrated adenomas (TSAs) are much less common than the other serrated lesions. Cancers originating from TSAs may show KRAS mutation with a CIMP-high MSS phenotype.
THE EVOLUTION OF FLORAL COLOR CHANGE: POLLINATOR ATTRACTION VERSUS PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSTRAINTS IN FUCHSIA EXCORTICATA

Field experiments showed that the green‐to‐red color change in the flowers of Fuchsia excorticata is age‐dependent, rather than pollination‐induced. Nectar is produced only in green and, to a lesser extent, intermediate‐phase flowers; red flowers are postreproductive and are avoided by pollinators (bellbirds). Additional experiments suggested that the red flowers are retained because pollen tubes require at least three days to reach the ovaries, and abscission of the floral tube and accompanying style requires at least another 1.5 days. The change in color directs pollinators away from the postreproductive flowers while these physiological processes are occurring, thereby increasing foraging efficiency and visitation to flowers that are still capable of receiving and donating pollen. No evidence was found to suggest that red‐phase flowers function to attract pollinators. Finally, we suggest that the color change evolved through neotenous retention of the green coloration of buds and is a derived trait reflecting an interaction between natural selection and physiological constraints.
Resveratrol in prostate diseases – a short review

Introduction Resveratrol is a plant–derived polyphenol suggested to have many beneficial health effects, including antioxidant, anti–inflammatory, anti–proliferative, proapoptotic, and anti–angiogenic. It is even specu- lated that uptake of resveratrol by red wine consumption could be behind the so–called French paradox the lower incidence of cardiovascular diseases in the French population. These properties, together with good absorption and tolerance, would make it an attractive agent in prostatic diseases, especially in cancer prevention and treatment. Material and methods MEDLINE search (keywords “prostate res- veratrol”) resulted in 39 research papers published since 2007. It has been shown that resveratol down–regulate androgen receptor expression, inhibit proliferation, and promote apop- tosis in prostate cancer cell lines and enhance their sensitivity to ionizing radiation. Several studies on animal prostate cancer development also suggest that resveratrol is able do delay or prevent carcino- genesis in prostate. Despite these promising results, there is no proof of any therapeutic properties of resveratrol in prostate diseases from human clinical trials nor any information about ongoing trials in this field. Conclusions Resveratrol is produced and sold as a nutritional supplement, there is not enough clinical evidence to justify a recommendation for the administration of resveratrol in humans at present.
Prospective associations between televiewing at toddlerhood and later self-reported social impairment at middle school in a Canadian longitudinal cohort born in 1997/1998

Background Using a large Canadian population-based sample, this study aimed to verify whether televiewing in toddlerhood is prospectively associated with self-reported social impairment in middle school. Method Participants are from a prospective–longitudinal birth cohort of 991 girls and 1006 boys from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development. Child self-reported ratings of relational difficulties at age 13 years were linearly regressed on parent-reported televiewing at age 2 years while adjusting for potential confounders. Results Every additional 1 h of early childhood television exposure corresponded to an 11% s.d. unit increase in self-reported peer victimization [unstandardized β = 0.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.02–0.04], a 10% s.d. unit increase in self-reported social isolation (unstandardized β = 0.04, 95% CI 0.03–0.05), a 9% s.d. unit increase in self-reported proactive aggression (unstandardized β = 0.02, 95% CI 0.01–0.03) and a 6% s.d. unit increase in self-reported antisocial behavior (unstandardized β = 0.01, 95% CI 0.01–0.01) at age 13 years. These results are above and beyond pre-existing individual and family factors. Conclusions Televiewing in toddlerhood was prospectively associated with experiencing victimization and social withdrawal from fellow students and engaging in antisocial behavior and proactive aggression toward fellow students at age 13 years. Adolescents who experience relational difficulties are at risk of long-term health problems (like depression and cardiometabolic disease) and socio-economic problems (like underachievement and unemployment). These relationships, observed more than a decade later, and independent of key potential confounders, suggest a need for better parental awareness of how young children invest their limited waking hours.
Pharmacovigilance for clinical trials in India: Current practice and areas for reform

Keeping in mind India’s increasing participation in multinational trials, this article explores potential areas of Indian pharmacovigilance, requiring reform and provides recommendations for building a robust safety reporting system. Internal discrepancies exist between Schedule Y and Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation approval letter regarding what to report. Schedule Y’s silence on expedited reporting requirements creates confusion for Indian sites that are part of multinational trial. Not allowing waiver for serious adverse events that are protocol specified or are study endpoints, along with lack of emphasis on causality as reporting criteria, adds substantial burden of uninformative cases for regulatory review. Despite global focus on Development Safety Update Report, Indian regulators are not yet insistent on real-time update of a drug’s cumulative safety profile. Issues like reporting requirements for generic trials, pregnancy reporting and lenient timeline for death/life-threatening events need attention. Finally, the need to formulate an all-encompassing pharmacovigilance guideline for India, in sync with global practice cannot be overemphasized.
Analysis and optimization of multi-circular SAR for fully polarimetric holographic tomography over forested areas

This paper presents an analytical analysis of the impulse response function (IRF) of multi-circular SAR (MCSAR) as a function of the system bandwidth and the number of tracks, thereby optimizing the acquisition geometry to get the best 3-D resolution and sidelobe suppression. Moreover, the wide range of spectrum measurements provided by MCSAR allows the information retrieval over 360 °, thus understanding the anisotropic signature of scatterers, e.g. by their polarimetric signature. The second part of this paper presents a polarimetric analysis of the resulting holographic SAR tomograms of forested areas by means of the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) algorithm, as well as by coherent and incoherent imaging. The IRF and the anisotropic analysis are validated with a polarimetric MCSAR campaign conducted at L-band by the DLR's F-SAR sensor over a forested region in Kauf-beuren, Germany.
Cancer‐specific interruption of glucose metabolism by resveratrol is mediated through inhibition of Akt/GLUT1 axis in ovarian cancer cells

The metabolic phenotype of cancer is considered an ideal target for anticancer therapy. In ovarian cancer, glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) is overexpressed and positron emission tomography (PET) using [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), as a metabolic tumor parameter, has been found to be an effective diagnostic tool. In this study, we have characterized the selective cytotoxicity of resveratrol (RSV) in ovarian cancer cells through glucose metabolism regulation via GLUT1 modulation. We have demonstrated that, in contrast to primary normal ovarian epithelial cells, RSV selectively inhibited glucose uptake and induced apoptosis irrespective of p53 status in vitro. RSV had no affect on GLUT1 mRNA and protein expressions but interrupted intracellular GLUT1 trafficking to the plasma membrane. Suppressed plasma membrane GLUT1 localization in ovarian cancer was found to be associated with the inhibition of Akt activity by RSV, as confirmed by the action of the Akt inhibitors (LY294002 and Akt inhibitor IV), as well as overexpression of a constitutive active form of Akt. Taken together, these findings suggested that RSV induced apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells by impairing glucose uptake, a process involving Akt‐regulated plasma membrane GLUT1 trafficking. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chromatic Induction Effects in the Hermann Grid Illusion

The chromatic Hermann grid illusion was investigated in sixteen subjects, with variation of the lightness contrast between the chromatic inducing squares and the background, and the saturation and hue of the inducing squares. Subjects made magnitude estimates of the sharpness and clarity of perceived dots at the intersections of the grid, and matched the appearances of the dots with Munsell chips. A chromatic induction effect was found to occur in the absence of lightness contrast, but the sharpness of the illusory dots increased with increasing lightness contrast (p < 0.001). The saturation of the perceived dots increased with increases in the saturation of the inducing squares (p <0.05), and was higher for the longer wavelengths than for the shorter wavelengths (p < 0.005). Neural units with center-surround arrangements responding differentially to light of the same color in the center and the surround, e.g. red off-centers and red on-surrounds, could account for the chromatic induction effect.
Clinical Utility of Topographic EEG Brain Mapping

Topographic EEG brain mapping was performed on 100 patients referred for both EEG and neuroimaging procedures. Topographic maps were abnormal in 78% of patients with stroke, 50% with head trauma and 100% of those with space occupying lesions (tumor, abscess or intracerebral hematoma). Of the patients with abnormal EEG maps 30% had either sole or better localization with mapping than routine EEG or neuroimaging procedures. In no cases were there false localizing abnormalities by EEG mapping. Topographic mapping appears to provide better detection of low amplitude slow activity not easily discernible by routine EEG. It also provides faithful correspondence with localization of many lesions on neuroimaging procedures, and at times distinguishes abnormalities not immediately definable by CT/MRI. Topographic EEG mapping is a valuable adjunct to routine EEG.
Genetic relationships among direct and maternal components of milk yield and maternal weaning gain in a multibreed beef herd.

Data spanning 1980 to 1993 from a multibreed beef herd including primarily eight breeds (Angus, Charolais, Gelbvieh, Hereford, Maine-Anjou, Pinzgauer, Simmental, and Tarentaise) were used to obtain 2,207 records on 200-d weaning gain (WG) and 1,826 records on 200-d milk yield (MY), obtained by machine milking after oxytocin injection. Estimates of (co)variances for the two traits (WG and MY) were obtained with REML with breed of calf, breed of cow, and heterotic effects modeled for the two traits. Animal effects of calf (CalfWG, CalfMY) and cow (CowWG, CowMY) contributions to each trait were modeled including 2,926 animals. The permanent environmental effect of the cow was modeled for MY, with 693 levels. Estimates of breed differences were generally similar to literature estimates. Simmental, Charolais, and Maine-Anjou were highest for CalfWG, and Tarentaise, Simmental, Gelbvieh, and Maine-Anjou were highest for CowMY. Heterosis was estimated at 8.00, 2.58, 4.05, and 5.50% of the mean for CalfWG, CowWG, CalfMY, and CowMy, respectively. Variance attributable to repeated records on CowMy represented 9% of phenotypic variance. Heritabilities estimated were . 22 and . 24 for CalfWG and CowWG and . 04 and . 35 for CalfMY and CowMY. Genetic correlations estimated between CalfWG and CowWG and between CalfMY and CowMY were -. 35 and -. 64, respectively. A genetic correlation between CowWG and CowMY of . 76 indicates that maternal weaning gain evaluations are a good predictor of a cow's potential for milk yield.
Construction de hiérarchies sémantiques pour l'annotation d'images

This paper proposes a new methodology to automatically build semantic hierarchies suitable for image annotation and classification. The building of the hierarchy is based on a new measure of semantic similarity. The proposed measure incorporates several sources of information : visual, conceptual and contextual as we defined in this paper. The aim is to provide a measure that best represents image semantics. We then propose rules based on this measure, for the building of the final hierarchy, and which explicitly encode hierarchical relationships between different concepts. Therefore, the built hierarchy is used in a semantic hierarchical classification framework for image annotation. Our experiments and results show that the built hierarchy improves significantly the classification accuracy. MOTS-CLÉS : construction de hiérarchies sémantiques, sémantique d’images, annotation d’images, mesures de similarité sémantiques, classification hiérarchique d’images.
Individual, Technological, and Organizational Predictors of Knowledge Sharing in the Norwegian Context

Organizational knowledge sharing (OKS) represents a distinct sub-field in knowledge management theory. The present study adopts a quantitative approach and reports data collected in a medium sized industrial organization in Norway. The aim of the study is to identify factors that are important for OKS and examine their relative impact on knowledge sharing practices. The present analysis of OKS includes personal (i.e. personality dispositions), technological (i.e. technological aids), and organizational (i.e. social climate) variables. Results of a stepwise hierarchical regression support previous research that individual dispositions, technological components, and organizational variables are important predictors of OKS. The discussion of results focus on the relation between predictors in terms of mediating effects and their relative impact on OKS. Limitations and implications of the present work are also examined.
Dynamic Regulation of the Weights of Request Based on the Kalman Filter and an Artificial Neural Network

Magnetic and inertial measurement units (MIMU) are currently being explored as a promising tool for attitude tracking of a moving object, such as human body parts. The function of attitude calculation is realized by using attitude algorithms. The overall performance of these algorithms is seriously influenced by linear acceleration of the moving object. Therefore, there is a requirement to find solutions to this problem. In this paper, a new attitude algorithm for MIMU known as REQUEST is introduced. The algorithm is then revised in order to be suitable for MIMU. A new representation of linear acceleration of the moving object is then constructed. An artificial neural network (ANN) is used to establish the functional relationship between this representation and the weights assigned to the vector measurements in REQUEST, for the purpose of adaptively regulating the vector measurements according to the representation. In this way, the measurements of the gyroscope can be relied on more for attitude calculation when the carrier has a higher linear acceleration. A Kalman filter (KF) is also used prior to the establishment of the functional relationship in order to take full advantage of historical sensor information for accurate estimation of the representation. Our experiments have verified good static and dynamic performances of our KF+ANN-based REQUEST algorithm.
Origin of Human Bone Marrow Fibroblasts

We investigated the origin of bone marrow fibroblasts in three bone marrow transplant recipients with aplastic anaemia and leukaemia who received grafts from HLA‐identical siblings of opposite sex. The patients were conditioned for transplantation with high doses of cytotoxic drugs and 300–1000 rads total body irradiation. After transplantation, bone marrow cells wrere cultured in T flasks for 3 weeks and the adherent cells were then trypsinized and passaged weekly. After several passages the cells had the typical morphology and growth pattern of fibroblasts. Metaphases from these cells were all of recipient sex type. In contrast, haematopoietic cells and lymphocytes obtained at the same time were of donor sex type. Our findings indicate that the human bone marrow fibroblast is not derived from a precursor common to haematopoietic cells or lymphocytes. The bone marrow fibroblast appears to be a mesenchymal cell, unrelated to haematopoietic stem cells, which is capable of in vitro proliferation after as much as 1000 rads of total body irradiation.
Effects of nonideal input functions on PET measurements of pulmonary blood flow.

Regional pulmonary blood flow (rPBF) can be measured with an intravenous infusion of 15O-labeled water and positron emission tomography (PET). The current method depends on two assumptions related to the input of activity to the lung during the scan: 1) the pulmonary arterial tracer input is constant (i.e., a "step function" in shape), and 2) the scan begins at the instant of arrival of the step function. To determine the effect that departures from these assumptions might have on the measurement of rPBF, we performed a series of mathematical simulations for three different input functions: 1) a step function that arrived either 1 or 2 s before or after scan start; 2) a dispersed input function, with activity rising during the scan period; and 3) a combination of these two errors. Calculated values, based on the standard assumptions, were compared against the "known" values used in generating the simulated data. The results show that timing errors associated with starting the scan late cause an overestimation of rPBF, whereas timing errors due to low regional flow or departures from the assumed step input function both cause an underestimation of true rPBF. Thus, in actual practice, the combined errors probably partially offset one another. Except for states of truly high rPBF and low lung density, the errors remain less than 15% of the true value. We conclude that PET measurements of rPBF are not highly sensitive to these presumably common departures from the assumed pulmonary arterial input function to lung regions of interest.
Relationship between FEV1 and peak oxygen uptake in children with cystic fibrosis

Cross‐sectional data do not truly convey the manner in which declining lung function affects peak oxygen uptake (peak $\dot VO_2$) within a given patient with cystic fibrosis. We hypothesized that there would be a concomitant decline in peak $\dot VO_2$ with FEV1 over time. Twenty‐eight children aged 8–17 years with cystic fibrosis performed annual ergometer tests over a 5‐year period to determine peak $\dot VO_2$ and within‐patient predictors of change in peak $\dot VO_2$. Analysis was done using a mixed‐effects model. During the study period, the annual decline in FEV1 averaged 2.7% of the predicted value per year. Peak $\dot VO_2$ fell during the observation period in 70% of patients, with an average annualized decline of 1.9 ml · min−1 · kg−1. This rate of decline was greater in older children in contrast to younger children, some of whom had an improvement in peak $\dot VO_2$ over the first few years, consistent with growth and maturation. There was no difference in this rate of decline between sexes, but girls started with a slightly lower peak $\dot VO_2$ (37.9 vs. 45.1 ml · min−1 · kg−1). In patients with FEV1 <80% predicted, declining FEV1 was highly correlated with falling peak $\dot VO_2$, whereas it remained stable over 4–5 years in patients whose FEV1 was >80% predicted and remained in that range. We conclude that peak $\dot VO_2$ remains stable or rises slightly over time in younger patients, while it shows a downward trend in older children with CF, particularly once FEV1 falls below 80% predicted. Peak $\dot VO_2$ is correlated with FEV1 during childhood in patients with cystic fibrosis, and both FEV1 and age influence peak $\dot VO_2$. Pediatr Pulmonol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Goldfish bowl panel: Software development analytics

Gaming companies now routinely apply data mining to their user data in order to plan the next release of their software. We predict that such software development analytics will become commonplace, in the near future. For example, as large software systems migrate to the cloud, they are divided and sold as dozens of smaller apps; when shopping inside the cloud, users are free to mix and match their apps from multiple vendors (e.g. Google Docs' word processor with Zoho's slide manager); to extend, or even retain, market share cloud vendors must mine their user data in order to understand what features best attract their clients. This panel will address the open issues with analytics. Issues addressed will include the following. What is the potential for software development analytics? What are the strengths and weaknesses of the current generation of analytics tools? How best can we mature those tools?