Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A 1-ps Resolution Jitter-Measurement Macro Using Interpolated Jitter Oversampling

This paper reports the development of an in-field real-time successive jitter-measurement macro whose features include 1-ps resolution jitter measurement. The newly developed jitter-measurement macro has four key features: 1) interpolated jitter oversampling; 2) a hierarchical Vernier delay line; and 3)feedforward calibration, each of which helps attain high jitter-measurement resolution; as well as 4) an oversampling rate and measurement range-control technique. A test chip of the macro has been fabricated in a 90-nm process. It successfully measures small random jitter with 1-ps resolution, and large deterministic jitter can also be measured by extending the jitter-measurement range by a factor of 4
Information Gathering and Marketing

"Consumers have only partial knowledge before making a purchase decision, but can acquire more-detailed information. Marketing makes it easier or harder for these consumers to do so. When consumers are "ex ante" heterogeneous, the firm might choose an intermediate marketing strategy for two quite different reasons. First, as a nonprice means of discrimination-it can make information only partially available, in a way that induces some, but not all, consumers to acquire the information. Second, when the firm cannot commit to a given investment in ensuring quality, the marketing and pricing strategy can act as a commitment device. " Copyright (c) 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Brain Anatomy, Processing Speed, and Reading in School-Age Children

This study was conducted to verify, prospectively, the ability of an anatomical risk index (ARI) constructed from seven anatomical measures of cerebral volume and perisylvian asymmetry to predict reading ability in 43 children aged 9 to 18. We found that negative ARIs (low cerebral volume and symmetry) were associated with poor reading ability only in children with low processing speed. Regression analysis showed that anatomy, speed, and an interaction term predicted 53% of the variance in real word reading (p < .0001). Leftward perisylvian asymmetry and larger cerebral volumes may support cognitive flexibility in children with low processing speed.
The effects of moderately oxidised dietary oil with or without vitamin E supplementation on performance, nutrient digestibility, some blood traits, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defence of male broilers.

BACKGROUND The experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of oxidised oil with or without vitamin E on performance, nutrient digestibility, some blood traits, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defence system of male broilers. RESULTS The supplementation of oxidised oil with or without vitamin E to the grower diets did not significantly affect performance, the pH and viscosity values of excreta and nutrient digestibilities in male broilers. Oxidised oil supplementation slightly increased plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations but did not alter plasma glucose concentration. Although malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide concentrations tended to be higher in the oxidised oil group, these increases were not significant. Birds fed the diet containing oxidised oil had significantly lower superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. However, no differences were observed in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and uric acid concentrations of broilers fed oxidised oil as compared to the control group. Dietary vitamin E supplementation decreased MDA concentration whereas increasing SOD activity, suggesting that vitamin E supplementation reduced susceptibility to lipid peroxidation. CONCLUSION The results showed that a milder oxidative stress occurred by supplementation of moderately oxidised oil to the diet of broilers and vitamin E supplementation had been helpful in alleviating lipid peroxidation.
Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) and corticotropin (ACTH) are reduced in patients with Alzheimer's disease

We examined corticotropin-releasing hormone-like immunoreactivity (CRH-LI) and corticotropin (ACTH) levels in the CSF of 33 patients with presumptive Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 13 healthy, age-matched controls. The mean CRH-LI and ACTH levels of the AD patients were significantly less than controls. Despite these reductions, none of the patients had evidence of pituitary-adrenal dysfunction. A disorder of extrahypothalamic CRH may be involved in the pathophysiology of AD.
Radar Sounding Evidence for Buried Glaciers in the Southern Mid-Latitudes of Mars

Lobate features abutting massifs and escarpments in the middle latitudes of Mars have been recognized in images for decades, but their true nature has been controversial, with hypotheses of origin such as ice-lubricated debris flows or glaciers covered by a layer of surface debris. These models imply an ice content ranging from minor and interstitial to massive and relatively pure. Soundings of these deposits in the eastern Hellas region by the Shallow Radar on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter reveal radar properties entirely consistent with massive water ice, supporting the debris-covered glacier hypothesis. The results imply that these glaciers formed in a previous climate conducive to glaciation at middle latitudes. Such features may collectively represent the most extensive nonpolar ice yet recognized on Mars.
Du Rendu de Haute Qualité à l'interactivité. (From High-Quality Rendering to Interactivity)

La synthese d'images a connu au cours des dernieres annees un developpement impressionnant. L'amelioration du materiel d'une part, et la conception des nouveaux algorithmes d'autre part, nous permettent aujourd'hui de synthetiser des images realistes de tres haute qualite. Malgre cela, beaucoup de problemes restent a resoudre. Dans ce memoire nous allons nous interesser principalement aux problemes du rendu des images, c'est-a-dire la generation des images depuis un modele geometrique bien defini. Les domaines qui nous interessent sont la determination de la visibilite et le rendu haute qualite, le calcul de l'eclairage sur les objets du modele, le rendu interactif de ces images y compris pour la realite augmentee, (les scenes mixtes, contenant a la fois des objets reels et virtuels). Ces trois domaines regroupent l'ensemble de nos travaux pendant cette periode.
Frequency scaling in a hollow-cathode-triggered pinch plasma as radiation source in the extreme ultraviolet

The hollow-cathode triggered discharge extreme ultraviolet source is based on the same principle as pseudospark switches. The electrode geometry consists of a planar anode and cathode with central opposing holes, the one on the cathode side being connected to the hollow cathode. Radiation is generated by magnetic compression of the working gas under high-current operation. Essential for the operation is that the pressure and voltage are chosen to be on the left side of the Paschen curve to insure insulation of the gap between the electrodes. However, this insulation of the electrode system needs to be reinstalled after breakdown. Typical recovery times of a xenon-based system are down to 100 /spl mu/s, depending on the electrode geometry. It will be shown that the decay of the electron density in the hollow cathode is the limiting process. Investigation of the recovery mechanism has led to a design that allows operation above 4 kHz which is close to the required frequency for extreme ultraviolet lithography.
Characterization of relaxant mechanism of H2S in mouse corpus cavernosum

The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of H2S‐induced relaxation in mouse corpus cavernosal tissue. l‐cysteine (10−6 × 10−3 mol/L) and exogenous H2S (NaHS; 10−6 to 10−3 mol/L) induced concentration‐dependent relaxation. l‐cysteine‐induced relaxations was reduced by d,l‐propargylglycine, a cystathionine gamma lyase (CSE) inhibitor but not influenced by aminooxyacetic acid, a cystathionine beta synthase (CBS) inhibitor. l‐cysteine induced relaxations, but not of those of H2S diminished in endothelium‐denuded tissues. Nω‐nitro‐l‐arginine (l‐NA; 10−4 mol/L), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, and ODQ (10−4 mol/L), a guanylyl cyclase inhibitor, increased the H2S‐induced relaxation. Zaprinast (5 × 10−6 mol/L) and sildenafil (10−6 mol/L), phosphodiesterase inhibitors, inhibited H2S‐induced relaxation. Adenylyl cyclase inhibitors N‐ethylmaleimide (2.5 × 10−5 mol/L) and SQ22536 (10−4 mol/L) reduced relaxation to H2S. Also, H2S‐induced relaxation was reduced by KCl (50 mmol/L), 4‐aminopyridine (10−3 mol/L), a Kv inhibitor, glibenclamide (10−5 mol/L), a KATP inhibitor or barium chloride (10−5 mol/L), a KIR inhibitor. However, H2S‐induced relaxation was not influenced by apamin (10−6 mol/L), a SKCa2+ inhibitor, charybdotoxin (10−7 mol/L), an IKCa2+ and BKCa2+ inhibitor or combination of apamin and charybdotoxin. Nifedipine (10−6 mol/L), an L‐type calcium channel blocker and atropine (10−6 mol/L), a muscarinic receptor blocker, inhibited H2S‐induced relaxation. However, H2S‐induced relaxation was not influenced by ouabain (10−4 mol/L), a Na+/K+‐ATPase inhibitor. This study suggests that H2S endogenously synthesizes from l‐cysteine by CSE endothelium‐dependent in mouse corpus cavernosum tissue, and exogenous H2S may cause endothelium‐independent relaxations via activation of K channels (KATP channel, KV channels, KIR channels), L‐type voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels, adenylyl cyclase/cAMP pathway and muscarinic receptor, and there is the interaction between H2S and NO/cGMP.
Web Portal: Total Challenge

The Web is an extraordinary success, for its simplicity. This simplicity has brought disadvantages, because with vast amounts of information available, the search is a difficult, time-consuming and sometimes inefficient task, creating the need for a strategic information management. To overcome this need came the portals. The characteristics of portals differ from each other, which made them appear different definitions. Also arose several classifications of portals, one of which considers three dimensions to classify them: the scope of content, the aim of the portal and the range of its intended users. With this work, the authors intend to build a Web Portal to support one or more serious games. A database is shared with the Web Portal. This portal will serve to make an interface between the user and the games, for the dissemination and support of these and as a platform for managing and monitoring results.
Needlestick injury in acute care nurses caring for patients with diabetes mellitus: a retrospective study

ABSTRACT Objective: To quantify the incidence and assess the risk of needlestick injury (NI) in nurses caring for patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods: A total of 400 nurses caring for patients with diabetes in 381 different hospitals throughout the United States over a period of at least 1 year voluntarily completed an Internet-based data collection instrument. The nurses self-reported comprehensive data on their experience with NI, focusing on those occurring within the past year. If respondents experienced multiple NI during this period, detailed data were collected on the most recent event. Results: Of the 400 nurses, 313 (78.3%) reported experiencing at least one NI, 110 (27.5%) reported at least one NI within the last 12 months, and 44 (40% of 110) reported multiple NI. Nearly two-thirds of these injuries (n = 73/110; 66.4%) were punctures that drew blood, resulting in one case of contracted hepatitis C. The cumulative annual incidence of NI events was 448 NI per 1000 nurses. Nurses reported the injury in adherence with existing regulations and policies in only 21.8% of the cases. Disposable syringes were involved in 88 (80%) of the NI events. In half of the injuries (n = 55), the needled device was equipped with a safety feature that was ineffective, primarily because it was not fully activated (n = 47/55; 85.5%) or it malfunctioned (n = 2–5; 3.6–9.1%). NI most commonly occurred while nurses were injecting insulin (n = 33; 30%). In the 2 weeks following their NI, 60.1% of nurses noted that they were more afraid of needled devices than before the injury and 41.8% felt anxious, depressed, or stressed. As a direct result of the NI, nurses missed 77 days of work. Conclusions: This study is the first to show the relatively high risk both of NI and of NI that draws blood among nurses injecting insulin with a disposable syringe and confirms previous incidence estimates of NI among nurses. Additionally, this study reveals significant post-NI emotional distress, suggests significant under-reporting of NI to hospital officials, and demonstrates the need for a more effective needle safety device.
Penetration of ultraviolet radiation into shallow water sediments: high exposure for photosynthetic communities

Benthic photosynthetic microorganisms are widespread in shallow-water sediments, microenvironments that are commonly assumed to be virtually opaque to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). We used a newly developed optical microprobe to measure the submillimeter penetration of solar UVR into a variety of these microenvironments. UVR trapping due to strong scattering occurred at the surface of some sedirnents, resulting in a surface maximum of scalar irradiance (E,) that could be significantly larger that the Incident radiation. In the subsurface, E,, was typically extingu~shed in a quasiexponential manner, with attenuation coefficients (310 nm) ranging from 4 to 21 mm-', depending on sediment type. Ultrav~olet B (at 310 nm) was extingu~shed to 1 "h of the incident between 1.25 and 0 23 mm from the surface W~thin the euphotic zones of these sediments, however, the space-averaged UVB scalar irradiance was very h ~ y h , between 15 and 33'! ,, of the incident In natural waters, for example, the same parameter varies between 3 and g':(, of the incident. Thus, in fact, photosynthesis in these environments must develop under strong UV stress, and it must be regarded as potentially labile to the effects of ozone depletion.
Challenges of implementing e-learning in a Pakistani university

The integration of e-learning programs into the educational system has reshaped the process of acquisition and dissemination of knowledge throughout the society. Although numbers of researchers approve of the effectiveness of e-learning integration in terms of the innovation it offers to engage with students does not guarantee the success of e-learning programs. This can be observed in developing countries like Pakistan, which have not yet been able to benefit fully from the advantages of e-learning. Though the importance of this issue is theoretically highlighted in research, empirical evidence is scarce particularly regarding developing countries like Pakistan. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the issues, related to e-learning through the feedback captured from students and provide strategies to successfully overcome the issues. In order to achieve this purpose, a number of issues prevailing in a Pakistani private university were identified through in depth literature review and discussion with the students. The findings demonstrated electricity failure and English proficiency as the most significant barriers to successful integration of e-learning. Lastly conclusion was drawn and suggestions were made on the basis of issues identified. https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel. 2012.04. 025
Elección de la técnica anestésica del paciente quemado

La eleccion de la tecnica anestesica del paciente quemado suele presentar un gran reto para el anestesiologo, ya que este se debe realizar con base en un conocimiento de las repercusiones fi siopatologicas de las quemaduras. Los cambios hemodinamicos en este periodo son de importancia; el gasto cardiaco esta implicado en cambios, por lo que su medicion debe ser precisa; la presion arterial, la presion venosa central y la medicion constante de diuresis, asi como el probable cateterismo cardiaco a la intervencion mas apropiada. La respuesta metabolica que inicialmente provee el sufi ciente sustrato al paciente quemado puede llegar a niveles extremos de catabolismo siendo perjudicial. Esta se presenta en dos fases: la fase de choque y una segunda fase posterior a las primeras 48 horas (hipermetabolica), lo que, sumado, difi culta a una adecuada respuesta inmunitaria. Las lesiones respiratorias regularmente necesitan de un manejo especializado perianestesico(1). El aporte multidisciplinario de estos pacientes es importante y el rol que juega el anestesiologo ante estos pacientes es de vital importancia, tanto en el quirofano, aportando condiciones quirurgicas adecuadas como fuera, en salas de balneoterapia y en cama del paciente aportando condiciones necesarias para banos y cambios de vendajes (Figuras 1 y 2). Los problemas tecnicos en el paciente quemado pueden ser variados, entre algunos: a) via aerea dificil (tanto para ventilacion, intubacion o ambas, SIRA, quemaduras de la via aerea etcetera), b) disponibilidad de accesos venosos, c) tendencia a hipotermia, d) cambios farmacologicos, e) difi cultad para la estimacion de perdidas sanguineas y de liquidos transoperatorios, f) balance hidroelectrolitico, g) monitorizacion del paciente (especializada y no), etcetera. Por lo que en la eleccion de la tecnica anestesica debemos tomar en cuenta estos factores, las caracteristicas de la quemadura y su profundidad. Se tendran que tomar las decisiones necesarias para proporcionar la tecnica anestesica mas adecuada para cada caso individualizando a cada uno de estos. Las quemaduras de la via aerea son de vital importancia, estas pueden
Wear and Marginal Breakdown of Composites with Various Degrees of Cure

Loss of anatomical form due to wear has been cited as one factor limiting the clinical use of posterior composites. The physical properties and possibly the wear resistance of composite are influenced by the extent to which it is cured. The aim of this study was to vary degree of conversion (DC) in composites to test the hypothesis that resistance to wear and marginal breakdown could be improved by enhanced curing. A light-cured hybrid composite containing a 50% Bis-GMA/50% TEGDMA resin and 62 vol% of strontium glass (1 to 2 μm) with microfill silica was formulated (Bisco). Composite was placed into two 2.5-mm-diameter cylindrical holes in Co-Cr teeth replacing first and second molars in the mandibular dentures of 50 edentulous patients. The composites were light-cured for different time periods (9 s, 12 s, 25 s, 40 s, and 40 s + 10 min at 120°C) and then polished. The microfill Heliomolar was also tested. DC (%) was measured by FTIR and ranged between 55% for 9 s of light-curing and 67% for 40 s of light-curing followed by heat application. Impressions were evaluated at baseline, 6 mo, 1 yr, and 2 yrs. Stone casts were evaluated independently by three observers to determine the % of the total margin exhibiting breakdown. Epoxy replicas were measured with a profilometer for wear. Wear of the hybrid composite at 2 yrs ranged from a high of 144 μm with 9 s of light-curing to a low of 36 μm with 40 s of light-curing followed by heat. Heliomolar exhibited from 11 to 16 μm of wear at 2 yrs. There was a strong negative correlation (r2 = 0.91) between the degree of cure and the abrasive wear of the hybrid composites. Marginal breakdown was negligible for the hybrids, and was reduced for the microfill from 40% to 15% of the margin by heat treatment. This study showed that the resistance to abrasive wear of a dental composite could be improved by enhancement of its degree of conversion.
Hepatitis B infection. A point-prevalence study in 15 US hemodialysis centers.

Five hundred eighty-three patients and 451 medical personnel of 15 hemodialysis centers were surveyed for hepatitis B infections. Hepatitis B antigen (HB Ag) was detected in 16.8% of the patients and in 2.4% of the medical staff; specific antibody to HB Ag (HB Ab) was detected in 34.0% and 31.3%, respectively. The cumulative prevalence of HB Ag and HB Ab varied widely among the centers. The prevalence of HB Ag or HB Ab in patients was related to duration of dialysis treatment, but not to blood transfusions. Significant differences in prevalence of serologic indicators of hepatitis B infection among various staff categories were not observed. Sixty-one percent of family contacts of dialysis patients with a history of hepatitis B infection were found to have HB Ag or HB Ab.
The Prevalence of Malnutrition and Obesity in Schoolchildren in the Southeast Anatolia Region of Turkey Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinde Okul Çocuklarinda Malnutrisyon ve Obezite Prevalansi

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of malnutrition, obesity and overweight, calculated by body mass index (BMI), in elementary school children in the Southeast Anatolia Region of Turkey. Method: This research is a cross-sectional epidemiological study and elementary school children with aged 7-16 years were included randomly by layered random sampling method. A total of selected 20 schools and 1912 students filled the questionnaires in Diyarbakir and Mardin City Centers. A questionnaire included questions related to the educational and professional status of parents, siblings, household conditions, children's demographic characteristics and body mass indexes, body weight and heights was applied to each student. Determined BMIs were classified according to the percentile values of Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC-US) growth charts and International Obesity Task Force (IOTF). Results: Mean age of 1040 boys (52,3%) and 872 girls (47,7%), totally 1912 students was 10,8±2,4 years and mean BMI was 17,6±2,8 kg/m2. According to CDC classification, 7,2% of male students were categorized as "underweight", 12,3% of them as "overweight", and 3,4% of them as "obese" whereas 5,5% of them were categorized as "overweight" and 0,6% of them as "obese" according to IOTF classification. In female students, 8,4% were categorized as "underweight", 11,1% "overweight", and 3,3% as "obese" according to CDC classification whereas 5,2% were categorized as "overweight" and 1,2% "obese" according to IOTF. The prevalences were not between boys and girls (p>0.05). Conclusion: In school children in the Southeast Anatolia Region, one of the most important health problems was malnutrition; however prevalances of overweight and obesity had also nonignorable levels.
Reconstructing Climate from Glaciers

Glaciers offer the potential to reconstruct past climate over timescales from decades to millennia. They are found on nearly every continent, and at the Last Glacial Maximum, glaciers were larger in all regions on Earth. The physics of glacier-climate interaction are relatively well understood, and glacier models can be used to reconstruct past climate from geological evidence of past glacier extent. This can lead to significant insights regarding past, present, and future climate. For example, glacier modeling has demonstrated that the near-ubiquitous global pattern of glacier retreat during the last few centuries resulted from a global-scale climate warming of ∼1°C, consistent with instrumental data and climate proxy records. Climate reconstructions from glaciers have also demonstrated that the tropics were colder at the Last Glacial Maximum than was originally inferred from sea surface temperature reconstructions. Future efforts to reconstruct climate from glaciers may provide new constraints on climat.