Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Gastrointestinal peptides and small-bowel hypomotility are possible causes for fasting and postprandial symptoms in active Crohn's disease.

BACKGROUND Crohn's disease (CD) patients suffer postprandial aversive symptoms, which can lead to anorexia and malnutrition. Changes in the regulation of gut hormones and gut dysmotility are believed to play a role. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate small-bowel motility and gut peptide responses to a standard test meal in CD by using MRI. METHODS We studied 15 CD patients with active disease (age 36 ± 3 y; BMI 26 ± 1 kg/m 2) and 20 healthy volunteers (HVs; age 31 ± 3 years; BMI 24 ± 1 kg/m 2). They underwent baseline and postprandial MRI scans, symptom questionnaires, and blood sampling following a 400-g soup meal (204 kcal). Small-bowel motility, other MRI parameters, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), polypeptide YY (PYY), and cholecystokinin peptides were measured. Data are presented as means ± SEMs. RESULTS HVs had significantly higher fasting motility indexes [106 ± 13 arbitrary units (a.u.)], compared with CD participants (70 ± 8 a.u.; P ≤ 0.05). Postprandial small-bowel water content showed a significant time by group interaction (P < 0.05), with CD participants showing higher levels from 210 min postprandially. Fasting concentrations of GLP-1 and PYY were significantly greater in CD participants, compared with HVs [GLP-1, CD 50 ± 8 µg/mL versus HV 13 ± 3 µg/mL (P ≤ 0.0001); PYY, CD 236 ± 16 pg/mL versus HV 118 ± 12 pg/mL (P ≤ 0.0001)]. The meal challenge induced a significant postprandial increase in aversive symptom scores (fullness, distention, bloating, abdominal pain, and sickness) in CD participants compared with HVs (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The decrease in fasting small-bowel motility noted in CD participants can be ascribed to the increased fasting gut peptides. A better understanding of the etiology of aversive symptoms in CD will facilitate identification of better therapeutic targets to improve nutritional status. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03052465.
Complete Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica Siphophage Shelanagig

Salmonella enterica is a Gram-negative human pathogen widely known to cause food poisoning. Here, the genome of S. enterica phage Shelanagig is described. Its 42,541-bp genome codes for 68 proteins, for which 33 were assigned a predicted function. Shelanagig shares high similarity at the protein level with other Salmonella phages. ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica is a Gram-negative human pathogen widely known to cause food poisoning. Here, the genome of S. enterica phage Shelanagig is described. Its 42,541-bp genome codes for 68 proteins, for which 33 were assigned a predicted function. Shelanagig shares high similarity at the protein level with other Salmonella phages.
Production Planning for Mass Customization in Additive Manufacturing: Build Orientation Determination, 2D Packing and Scheduling

The efficient production planning of Additively Manufactured (AM) parts is a key point for industry-scale adoption of AM. This study develops an AM-based production plan for the case of manufacturing a significant number of parts with different shapes and sizes by multiple machines with the ultimate purpose of reducing the cycle time. The proposed AM-based production planning includes three main steps: (1) determination of build orientation; (2) 2D packing of parts within the limited workspace of AM machines; and (3) scheduling parts on multiple AM machines. For making decision about build orientation, two main policies are considered: (1) laying policy in which the focus is on reducing the height of parts; and (2) standing policy which aims at minimizing the projection area on the tray to reduce the number of jobs. A heuristic algorithm is suggested to solve 2D packing and scheduling problems. A numerical example is conducted to identify which policy is more preferred in terms of cycle time. As a result, the standing policy is more preferred than the laying policy as the number of parts increases. In the case of testing 3,000 parts, the cycle time of standing policy is about 6% shorter than laying policy.
Interplay between neutrophils and trophoblast cells conditions trophoblast function and triggers vascular transformation signals

Normal placentation entails highly regulated interactions of maternal leukocytes with vascular and trophoblast cells to favor vascular transformation. Neutrophil activation and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation associate with poor placentation and severe pregnancy complications. To deepen into the mechanisms of trophoblast–neutrophil interaction, we explored the effects of NETs on trophoblast cell function and, conversely, whether trophoblast cell‐derived factors condition neutrophils to favor angiogenesis and anti‐inflammatory signals required for fetal growth. NETs isolated from activated neutrophils hindered trophoblast cell migration. Trophoblast conditioned media prevented the effect as well as the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) known to regulate trophoblast and neutrophil function. On the other hand, factors released by trophoblast cells and VIP shaped neutrophils to a proangiogenic profile with increased vascular endothelial growth factor synthesis and increased capacity to promote vascular transformation. Results presented here provide novel clues to reconstruct the interaction of trophoblast cells and neutrophils in vivo during placentation in humans.
Research on Dynamic Inertial Estimation Technology for Deck Deformation of Large Ships

Many kinds of weapon systems and launching equipment on the deck of large ships are easily affected by deck deformation. In order to ensure the accuracy of weapon systems and the safety of taking off and landing of carrier aircraft, a dynamic estimation method combining the main inertial navigation systems (INS) and the sub-inertial navigation systems (SINS) is designed to estimate the curvature and torsion of any trajectory on the deck. Our contributions start from the fact that the area of concern extends from the fixed points to any trajectory on the deck. The dynamic filter algorithm of wavelet combined with Kalman filter is used to process the acquired data. The wavelet method is used to remove the outliers in the acquired data, and the Kalman filter effectively reduces the influence of white noise, so that the estimation accuracy is guaranteed. The simulation results clearly show that the deck deformation of large ships can be obtained accurately in real-time over the observed area which proved that this dynamic inertial measurement method is feasible in practical engineering application.
Partially disordered TiO2 nanotube photonic crystal: randomness characterization and tuning of reflected scattering light

Introducing disorder into a periodic nanostructure can lead to specific optical behaviors. We present a method of anodic oxidation by adjusting the applied voltage and process time to introduce disorder to TiO2 nanotubes. The surface morphology of TiO2 was numerically investigated according to the morphologies measured with a scanning electron microscope by imaging processing and a statistical method. TiO2 nanotubes obtained under different fabrication conditions have various tube radii ranging from 20–40 nm and wall thicknesses ranging from 20–70 nm. We also evaluated the degree of disorder of the tube radius of the TiO2 nanotubes. The reflected scattering light distributions of laser sources were optically measured at different observing distances, which indicate that the presence of nanotubes enhances the scattering effect, reducing the scattered light intensity by more than 75%, and provide the relationship between the scattering effect and surface morphology of nanotubes. This discovery offers TiO2 nanotubes important application prospects in optical limiting and light confinement, such as stealth coating.
LGALS4 as a Prognostic Factor in Urothelial Carcinoma of Bladder Affects Cell Functions

Background: To identify the hub genes related to urothelial carcinoma of the bladder prognosis and to understand their underlying mechanism. Methods: The expression profiles of 18 pairs of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder patient tissue and paired adjacent tissue obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas were performed. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis was employed to screen gene modules and hub genes with significant differential expressions in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. The hub genes expression in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder tissues was validated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The overall survival curve and disease-free survival curve of prognostic factor (LGALS4) were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method. Furthermore, LGALS4 messenger RNA and protein expression were also assessed in 2 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder cell lines (T24 and 5637) by quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The functions of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder cells with transfected pcDNA3.1-LGALS4 were identified through MTT assay, plate clone formation assay, flow cytometry, and cell migration experiments. Results: LGALS4 was the hub gene of pink module and it was related to prognosis. Higher LGALS4 expression predicted higher probabilities of overall survival and disease-free survival. Overexpression of LGALS4 in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder cells suppressed cell viability and migration but induced apoptosis. Conclusion: LGALS4 played a critical role in the progression of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and held a promise to be the biomarker for diagnosis and treatment of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. It predicted good prognosis of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and restrained the growth and migration of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder cells.
Autophagy Modulators: Mechanistic Aspects and Drug Delivery Systems

Autophagy modulation is considered to be a promising programmed cell death mechanism to prevent and cure a great number of disorders and diseases. The crucial step in designing an effective therapeutic approach is to understand the correct and accurate causes of diseases and to understand whether autophagy plays a cytoprotective or cytotoxic/cytostatic role in the progression and prevention of disease. This knowledge will help scientists find approaches to manipulate tumor and pathologic cells in order to enhance cellular sensitivity to therapeutics and treat them. Although some conventional therapeutics suffer from poor solubility, bioavailability and controlled release mechanisms, it appears that novel nanoplatforms overcome these obstacles and have led to the design of a theranostic-controlled drug release system with high solubility and active targeting and stimuli-responsive potentials. In this review, we discuss autophagy modulators-related signaling pathways and some of the drug delivery strategies that have been applied to the field of therapeutic application of autophagy modulators. Moreover, we describe how therapeutics will target various steps of the autophagic machinery. Furthermore, nano drug delivery platforms for autophagy targeting and co-delivery of autophagy modulators with chemotherapeutics/siRNA, are also discussed.
Alkoholkonsum und Krebsrisiko

Abstract Alcohol use is one of the most important and potentially modifiable risk factors for cancer in Germany. The more and the longer a person drinks, the higher the risk of cancer. Even modest use of alcohol may increase cancer risk. Statistically, every German drinks more than 100 gram of alcohol per week; this amount is currently considered to be the limit of low-risk use. Alcohol is causally associated with oropharyngeal and larynx cancer, esophageal squamous cell cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer. People with long-term risky alcohol use should be encouraged to join programs of cancer screening. Alcohol cessation appears to be effective in reducing the alcohol-induced, increased cancer risk.
The Winning Weaning Food (WWF): The Development of a Complementary Food for Food-Insecure Infants and Young Children in Malawi

Growing evidence exists for the benefits of adequate infant and young children feeding (IYCF) practices at the weaning stage (≥ 6 months), including optimal growth, building the immune system, cognitive development, healthy food preferences, and reduced mortality and morbidity rates. However, these outcomes are not universally experienced. To ensure that a developing country such as Malawi, where recent studies have shown high rates of food insecurity and malnutrition benefits from adequate IYCF, five nutrient-dense complementary foods (Recipes 1 to 5) were developed. Standardized food processing techniques were used in the preparation and combination of Malawian indigenous food samples. The developed food recipes were assessed for nutrient density and cultural acceptability through sensory evaluations. Recipe 5 emerged as the winning weaning food (WWF), with an overall acceptability rate of 65% (mean score of 5.82 ± 0.87). Unlike theoretical analysis with the ESHA Food Processor, statistical analysis did not show that Recipe 5 met the Codex Alimentarius recommendations for macro- and micronutrients. However, it showed that the micronutrient recommendations for iron (p = 0.0001; 95%CI) and zinc (p = 1.00; 95%CI) were partially met, but not those for calcium and vitamins A and D. The prototype and outcome of this pilot study will be invaluable for interventions aimed at combating food insecurity and malnutrition in Malawi.
Getting to the First 90: Incentivized Peer Mobilizers Promote HIV Testing Services to Men Who Have Sex With Men Using Social Media in Mumbai, India

This peer mobilization pilot for HIV and syphilis testing used messaging on gay dating sites, clinic referrals, and peer recruitment to reach men who have sex with men in Mumbai. In 6 months, the pilot reached a relatively modest 247 individuals, 244 of whom had never tested for HIV. Challenges included low recruitment and loss to follow-up for posttest counseling and treatment initiation for individuals with HIV. This peer mobilization pilot for HIV and syphilis testing used messaging on gay dating sites, clinic referrals, and peer recruitment to reach men who have sex with men in Mumbai. In 6 months, the pilot reached a relatively modest 247 individuals, 244 of whom had never tested for HIV. Challenges included low recruitment and loss to follow-up for posttest counseling and treatment initiation for individuals with HIV. ABSTRACT Recent studies of Indian men who have sex with men (MSM) have shown widespread use of social media for seeking sex partners. We piloted a peer mobilization approach to explore the feasibility of engaging previously unreached MSM online to link them to HIV testing services (HTS). MSM were encouraged to seek HTS through messages posted on a popular dating website. Those who visited the designated HTS site and tested for HIV were recruited as peer mobilizers and given coupons with unique identifying codes to distribute to other men in their virtual networks. If a network member presented at the site with a coupon and tested for HIV, the peer mobilizer was given a small monetary incentive. Network members presenting at the testing site were also recruited as peer mobilizers and given coupons. In a 6-month period, 247 MSM were recruited and tested for HIV and syphilis, of whom 244 (99%) were first-time testers. Two-thirds were less than 25 years old and about half reported inconsistent or no condom use during the last 10 anal sex acts. Eight individuals (3.2%) tested positive for HIV, and 22 (8.9%) had a high titer for syphilis; all were referred to tertiary hospitals for treatment. Our approach was modestly successful in reaching and providing HTS to previously unreached MSM, but challenges included lower-than-expected recruitment, individuals not returning for posttest counseling, and loss to follow-up of individuals with HIV. The next phase of peer mobilization will aim to scale up these services through government-supported targeted interventions for this subpopulation of primarily young, unreached MSM at high risk. The challenges will be addressed by targeting more dating sites, increasing access to testing using rapid HIV tests at several community-based facilities, and offering peer navigation support for people living with HIV.
Mastitis risk effect on the economic consequences of paratuberculosis control in dairy cattle: A stochastic modeling study

The benefits and efficacy of control programs for herds infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) have been investigated under various contexts. However, most previous research investigated paratuberculosis control programs in isolation, without modeling the potential association with other dairy diseases. This paper evaluated the benefits of MAP control programs when the herd is also affected by mastitis, a common disease causing the largest losses in dairy production. The effect of typically suggested MAP controls were estimated under the assumption that MAP infection increased the rate of clinical mastitis. We evaluated one hundred twenty three control strategies comprising various combinations of testing, culling, and hygiene, and found that the association of paratuberculosis with mastitis alters the ranking of specific MAP control programs, but only slightly alters the cost-effectiveness of particular MAP control components, as measured by the distribution of net present value of a representative U.S. dairy operation. In particular, although testing and culling for MAP resulted in a reduction in MAP incidence, that control led to lower net present value (NPV) per cow. When testing was used, ELISA was more cost-effective than alternative testing regimes, especially if mastitis was explicitly modeled as more likely in MAP-infected animals, but ELISA testing was only significantly associated with higher NPV if mastitis was not included in the model at all. Additional hygiene was associated with a lower NPV per cow, although it lowered MAP prevalence. Overall, the addition of an increased risk of mastitis in MAP-infected animals did not change model recommendations as much as failing to consider mastitis at all.
Using Arbiter and Combiner Tree to Classify Contexts of Data

This paper reports on the use of ensemble learning to classify as either positive or negative the sentiment of Tweets. Tweets were chosen as Twitter is a popular tool and a public, human annotated dataset was made available as part of the SemEval 2013 competition. We report on a classification approach that contrasts single machine learning algorithms with a combination of algorithms in an ensemble learning approach. The single machine learning algorithms used were support vector machine (SVM) and Naive Bayes (NB), while the methods of ensemble learning include the arbiter tree and the combiner tree. Our system achieved an F-score using Tweets and SMS with the arbiter tree at 83.57% and 93.55%, respectively, which was better than base classifiers; meanwhile, the results from the combiner tree achieved lower scores than base classifiers.
Apparent and standardised ileal digestibility of amino acids in wheat, triticale and barley for broiler chickens at two different ages

ABSTRACT 1. The influence of the age of broiler chickens on ileal amino acid (AA) digestibilities in three cereals was examined. The digestibility estimates, including both apparent (AID) and standardised (SID) coefficients, for wheat, triticale and barley samples were determined using 14 and 28 d old broilers of mixed sex, fed diets containing the test grains as the only source of protein. 2. Each assay diet was offered to five replicate cages of 14 and eight birds respectively, for the 14 and 28 day samplings. On both sampling days, the contents from the lower half of the ileum were collected for determination of the AID coefficients. The SID coefficients were calculated using ileal endogenous amino acid (EAA) losses previously determined from birds fed an N-free diet. 3. The average AID for essential AA (EAA) in triticale and barley were significantly higher at 28 day compared to those at 14 days. In contrast, the magnitude of AID coefficients of AA in wheat was found to be in larger in the younger chickens. 4. Correction of AID for EAA losses increased the values of digestibility coefficients by an average of about 7%. The SID values of AA in wheat was not influenced by the age of broilers. The SID of most AA in triticale, and of all the AA in barley, were higher in 28-day-old chickens compared with their 14-day-old counterparts. The results suggested that the SID coefficients of EAA in wheat determined at day 28 could be applied to feed formulations for 14-day-old broilers, but in the case of triticale and barley, the values obtained in older chickens were not applicable in younger birds and vice versa.
Metal and glue: best treatment choice for gastric varices?

cyanoacrylate injections. During a median follow-up of 7 months, rebleeding occurred in 23% of patients and eradica-tion of gastric varices was noted in 30/33 patients by computed tomography (CT) imaging. Four patients were lost to follow-up and two died of hepatic failure. There were only minor complications from the procedure and no symptomatic embolic events occurred.
Progress Toward Poliovirus Containment Implementation — Worldwide, 2018–2019

Among the three wild poliovirus (WPV) types, type 2 (WPV2) was declared eradicated globally by the Global Commission for the Certification of Poliomyelitis Eradication (GCC) in 2015. Subsequently, in 2016, a global withdrawal of Sabin type 2 oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV2) from routine use, through a synchronized switch from the trivalent formulation of oral poliovirus vaccine (tOPV, containing vaccine virus types 1, 2, and 3) to the bivalent form (bOPV, containing types 1 and 3), was implemented. WPV type 3 (WPV3), last detected in 2012 (1), will possibly be declared eradicated in late 2019. * To ensure that polioviruses are not reintroduced to the human population after eradication, World Health Organization (WHO) Member States committed in 2015 to containing all polioviruses in poliovirus-essential facilities (PEFs) that are certified to meet stringent containment criteria; implementation of containment activities began that year for facilities retaining type 2 polioviruses (PV2), including type 2 oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) materials (2). As of August 1, 2019, 26 countries have nominated 74 PEFs to retain PV2 materials. Twenty-five of these countries have established national authorities for containment (NACs), which are institutions nominated by ministries of health or equivalent bodies to be responsible for poliovirus containment certification. All designated PEFs are required to be enrolled in the certification process by December 31, 2019 (3). When GCC certifies WPV3 eradication, WPV3 and vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) type 3 materials will also be required to be contained, leading to a temporary increase in the number of designated PEFs. When safer alternatives to wild and OPV/Sabin strains that do not require containment conditions are available for diagnostic and serologic testing, the number of PEFs will decrease. Facilities continuing to work with polioviruses after global eradication must minimize the risk for reintroduction into communities by adopting effective biorisk management practices.