Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anomalous Rashba Effect of Bi Thin Film Studied by Spin-Resolved ARPES

The Rashba effect is a momentum‐dependent splitting of spin bands in two‐dimen‐ sional systems such as surface, interface and heterostructure. The effect is caused by broken space‐inversion symmetry and spin‐orbit coupling and allows to manipulate and generate the spin by the electric fields, that is, without the magnetic field. It means that the devices applied to the Rashba effect have many advantages. Bismuth is known as a promising candidate to investigate the surface Rashba effect, and the spin struc‐ ture of Bi surface has also been intensively discussed. However, it is unclear to what extent the so far believed simple vortical spin structure is adequate. To understand the surface properties of the Rashba system is particularly important when utilizing the Rashba effect to the spintronic devices, since it is desirable to control the spin polariza‐ tion when developing new types of devices. In this chapter, we report that the surface spin states of the Bi thin film exhibit unusual characteristics unlike the conventional Rashba splitting by using a spin‐ and angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurement.
Influence of environmental factors on the spatial distribution and diversity of forest soil in Latvia

This study was carried out to determine the spatial relationships between environmental factors (Quaternary deposits, topographical situation, land cover, forest site types, tree species, soil texture) and soil groups, and their prefix qualifiers (according to the international Food and Agricultural Organization soil classification system World Reference Base for Soil Resources (FAO WRB)). The results show that it is possible to establish relationships between the distribution of environmental factors and soil groups by applying the generalized linear models in data statistical analysis, using the R 2.11. 1 software for processing data from 113 sampling plots throughout the forest territory of Latvia. A very high diversity of soil groups in a relatively similar geological structure was revealed. For various reasons there is not always close relationship between the soil group, their prefix qualifiers and Quaternary deposits, as well as between forest site types, the dominant tree species and specific soil group and its prefix qualifiers. Close correlation was established between Quaternary deposits, forest site types, dominant tree species and soil groups within nutrient-poor sediments and very rich deposits containing free carbonates. No significant relationship was detected between the CORINE Land Cover 2005 classes, topographical situation and soil group.
Creative Destruction in the Era of Open Innovation: Empirical investigation into the relationship between patenting and survival of Japanese firms

This paper uses patent filings as an indicator of innovation and investigates the relationship between innovation and the survival of young firms, based on a dataset linking the Economic Census and the Institute of Intellectual Property (IIP) Patent Database for Japanese firms. We construct indicators showing the organization of innovative activities, such as external collaboration on inventions and the type of collaborative partners, and disentangle two competing factors on innovative activities, i.e., technological capability (positive influencing firm survival) and commercial risk (negative influencing firm survival). We find that positive impacts surpass negative ones in general, and this tendency strengthens when patents have relatively greater potential market value. In addition, collaboration with universities invariably leads to a higher probability of survival, while the impact of collaboration with other firms depends on firm size, namely, a certain level of managerial resources to overcome the complexity involved in open innovation is required to achieve gains from collaboration.
Experimental investigation of honey as wound repair enhancer by in vitro time-lapse microscopy

a Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy. b Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Materiali e Ambiente, Università “La Sapienza”, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy c CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy. d Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), UdR INSTM Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio, 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
An investigation into the effect of multimedia training on the knowledge and self-efficacy of children with Asthma

Introduction Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases among children is a global health issue and its rising trend has caused concern about the health system Therefore this study was conducted to investigate the effect of multimedia education on the knowledge and self efficacy of children with asthma in Bushehr Method semi experimental study The research community included all children under the age of years with asthma The samples were selected by available method of people and then divided into two experimental and control groups by simple random method The data collection tools included questionnaires of demographic data knowledge and self efficacy in children with asthma Validity and reliability of the instruments were measured and then multimedia training was run for the experimental group Data analysis was performed by SPSS and Mann ndash Whitney U test Findings the mean scores of knowledge and self efficacy of the research samples in the experimental group increased after multimedia training so there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups p lt Conclusion Education of children with asthma through multimedia has led to increasing knowledge and self efficacy Therefore considering the effectiveness of multimedia education in children training with asthma it is recommended that this educational method is used for other chronic childhood diseases
Parallel-Plate Luneburg Lens Antenna for Broadband Multibeam Radiation at Millimeter-Wave Frequencies With Design Optimization

This paper presents the implementation of Luneburg lens antenna based on a 2-D parallel-plate structure for broadband multibeam radiation at millimeter-wave frequencies. In particular, each beam pattern of this 2-D Luneburg lens antenna has a narrow beamwidth along the multibeam dimension, and exhibits a broad beamwidth along the other cross section, analogous to the radiation from a 1-D array of antennas embedded inside the parallel-plate structure. Furthermore, the isolation to external structures by the top and bottom metal parallel plates may reduce the beam distortion from external interferences, and therefore enhance its compatibility to integrate with other radio frequency (RF) components to form an RF subsystem module. In addition, a theoretic model to realize the dielectric variation of Luneburg lens is developed by using stacked multiple planar layered dielectric materials for a cheap manufacture. In this paper, numerical simulation to validate the developed model of 2-D Luneburg lens design is first presented. Afterward, simulation and experimental measurement results of a practical design are both presented to validate the design concept.
Cell Cycle Control of DNA Replication by Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation of Replication-Initiation Proteins in Budding Yeast

Eukaryotic DNA replication initiates in a two-step fashion (Diffley, 2004), and both steps are tightly regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of replication-initiation proteins. First, a multi-protein complex known as pre-RC (pre-replicative complex) is assembled on replication origins from late M to early G1 phase; this process is referred to as replication licensing. Subsequently, origin activation (firing) occurs in accordance to the rise of S-CDK (cyclin dependent kinase) and DDK (Dbf4p dependent kinase) activities during which replication forks are established and DNA synthesis begins.
Attribution of Cognitive States to Animals: Anthropomorphism in Comparative Perspective

Subjects were asked to indicate the likelihood that each of 30 animals (chosen as exemplars of the major phylogenetic classes) could engage in three complex cognitive tasks. Subjects were also asked to rate the extent to which they felt each animal was similar to themselves and whether they felt the animal experienced the world in a manner similar to the way they experienced it. The results showed that in all cases the perceived similarity and inferred cognitive abilities of animals proceeded from lesser to greater in the following order: invertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals (excluding dogs, cats, and primates). For pets (dogs and cats) and primates, there was a marked increase in perceived similarity and in the tendency to make attributions about complex cognitive characteristics. The data are discussed in the context of viewing anthropomorphism as a derivative of our ability to infer the mental states of conspecifics—an ability that evolved as a consequence of the need to take into account the experience and intentions of other humans. Although we routinely generalize this capacity to species other than our own, the evidence that the effects are reciprocal is extremely limited.
Using shape-change to express dynamic affordances of intelligent systems

As intelligent systems permeate the world, our everyday lives are made easier and less tedious. However, there exist too many “intelligent” systems whose lack of communication or low intelligibility frustrate users. In this study, we present a tangible interface aimed to bridge human-system interaction. It expresses behaviors through shape-change, and its body movements indicate system status and are responsive and rapid enough for perceptual crossing. Based on preliminary results of a user study conducted with 16 participants, the prototype’s implicit interactions show promise in establishing a basic dialog and point to goals and challenges in designing technology that feels truly “smart. ”
Mode of action of hydrogen peroxide , peroxymonosulfate and persulfate on Microcystis aeruginosa strain PCC 7806

Eutrophication of surface water has increased globally the past few decades because of human activities, such as land fertilization, disposal of inadequately processed domestic and industrial wastes, in combination with climate change. Excessive concentrations of phosphorus, a key ingredient to eutrophication, are now detected in freshwater lakes, artificially made reservoirs, and streams. Eutrophic ecosystems host a large range of microorganisms including, the harmful strains of cyanobacteria, such as Microcystis aeruginosa. The latter ones produce bioactive metabolites such as microcystins a group of hepatotoxins that affects both humans and wild life. Investigations on the formation of harmful cyanobacteria in eutrophic lakes and ways to reduced their photosynthetic activity, in order to inhibit their blooming are currently being conducted. This study investigated the application of three environmentally friendly oxidants, hydrogen peroxide (HP), persulfate (PS) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the treatment of Microcystis aeruginosa PCC7806. The results have shown that HP acts like a cyanocide, PMS inhibits the growth of cyanobacteria while PS has no effect on the cells.
Slaying the Hydra: The History of Quack Medicine, the Obesity Epidemic and the FDA's Battle to Regulate Dietary Supplements

The United States' obesity crisis is gaining momentum. Studies released in 2008 project that, in only fifteen years, eighty percent of Americans will be either overweight or obese. Being overweight or obese places an individual at significant risk of developing hypertension, Type II diabetes, heart disease, stroke and cancer. The obesity epidemic has triggered a correspondingly massive growth in the weight loss supplement industry. Overweight consumers desperate to lose weight are being lured by 'magic bullet' claims into purchasing 'quick-fix' weight loss supplements in order to lose weight and decrease their risk for disease. However, the majority of these products are ineffective. The Federal Trade Commission ('FTC') reports that more consumers are defrauded by weight loss products than any other product it has examined. Thus, U.S. consumers are being thwarted in their weight loss and disease reduction efforts and the obesity crisis continues to mushroom. Why isn’t the FDA using its premarket approval authority to keep these sham products from entering the market in the first place? Not surprisingly, the weight loss supplement industry is marketing its products as dietary supplements and is claiming the safe haven protections from FDA regulation offered under the Dietary Supplement Health Education Act ('DSHEA') and the National Labeling Education Act of 1990 ('NLEA'). What is surprising is that the FDA appears to agree. Are the weight loss supplement industry and the FDA correct? In order to answer this question, this Article reviews the history of the regulation of quack medicines under the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act ('FDCA') and outlines the events and legislative history that preceded the passage of DSHEA and NLEA. In conducting this inquiry, this Article examines the historical relationship between the state of scientific uncertainty over the effectiveness and safety of new products intended to treat abnormal health conditions and predatory commercial practices. This investigation informs the debate over the proper regulatory balance between the protection of individual choice in matters involving self-regarding behavior, such as making food choices, and the need to protect vulnerable consumers from harm from third parties who are marketing health care products, including weight loss supplements. This Article concludes that NLEA and DSHEA were only intended by Congress to deregulate dietary supplements to the extent that they target healthy populations to maintain or improve a normal state of health and outlines how the FDA can assert its premarket approval process to prevent sham weight loss supplements from reaching the market.
Heart Disease Diagnosis Using Data Mining Techniques

In recent decades, heart disease has been identified as the leading cause of death across the world. However, it is considered as the most preventable and controllable disease at the same time. According to World Health Organization (WHO), the early and timely diagnosis of heart disease plays a remarkable role in preventing its progress and reducing related treatment costs. Considering the ever-increasing growth of heart disease-induced fatalities, researchers have adopted different data mining techniques to diagnose it. According to results, application of the same data mining techniques leads to different results in different datasets. This study tries to assist healthcare specialists to early diagnose heart disease and assess related risk factors. To this end, the main heart disease diagnosis indices were identified using experts’ opinions. Then, data mining techniques were applied on a heartrelated dataset. Finally, the main heart disease diagnosis indices were identified and a model was developed based on extracted rules. Visual Studio was used to write the algorithm code.
CATCHING MALWARE EN MASSE: DNS AND IP STYLE

The Internet is constantly growing, providing a myriad of new services, both legitimate and malicious. Criminals take advantage of the scalable, distributed, and rather easily accessible naming, hosting and routing infrastructures of the Internet. As a result, the battle against malware is raging on multiple fronts: the endpoint, the network perimeter, and the application layer. The need for innovative measures to gain ground against the enemy has never been greater. In this paper, we present novel strategies to catch malware at the DNS and IP level, as well as our unique 3D visualization engine. We will describe the detection systems we built, and share several successful war stories about hunting down malware domains and associated rogue IP space. At the DNS level, we describe efficient methods for tracking fast flux botnets and describe a study we carried for several months of the Zeus fast flux proxy network. At the IP level, classical reputation methods assign "maliciousness" scores to IPs, BGP prefixes, or ASNs by merely counting domains and IPs. Our system takes an unconventional approach that combines two opposite, yet complementary views and leads to more effective predictive detections. On one hand, we abstract away from the ASN view. We build the AS graph and investigate its topology to uncover hotspots of malicious or suspicious activities and monitor our DNS traffic for new domains hosted on these malicious IP ranges. We will also describe a unique method of identifying seemingly autonomous networks that are actually operated by one organization, which helps further identify potentially malicious areas of the Internet. On the other hand, we examine a granularity finer than the BGP prefix. For this, we zero in on IP ranges re-allocated or reassigned to bad customers within large prefixes to host Exploit kit domains, browlock, and other attack types. We will present various techniques we devised to efficiently discover suspicious reserved ranges and sweep en masse for candidate suspicious IPs. Our system provides actionable intelligence and preemptively detects and blocks malicious IP infrastructures prior to, or immediately after some of them are used to wage malware campaigns, therefore decisively closing the detection gap. The discussion of these detection systems and "war stories" wouldn't be complete without a visualization engine that adequately displays the use cases and offers a graph navigation and investigation tool. Therefore, in this paper, we will also discuss our own 3D visualization engine, demonstrating the full process which transforms raw data into stunning 3D visuals. We will also present different techniques used to build and render large graph datasets: Force Directed algorithms accelerated on the GPU using OpenCL, 3D rendering and navigation using OpenGL ES, and GLSL Shaders.
Unveiling the Value Creation Process of Electronic Human Resource Management

Information and communication technologies (ICT) advancement, coupled with an ever-increasing demand for the human resource management (HRM) function to be more efficient, effective, and capable of supporting the strategic goals of every business function, has led to the adoption of electronic human resource management (e-HRM). This study aims to provide both insight and empirical evidence on the success enabler of e-HRM acceptance and e-HRM value creation in the public sector. The study confirms that perceived usefulness (PU) is found to be a strong predictor of e-HRM usage. From an organizational and managerial standpoint, HRM strength has a positive influence on e-HRM usage. In the creation of HRM values, we find e-HRM usage to be a strong predictor of perceived human resource (HR) service quality but not a predictor of the creation of a strategic role for the HRM function. Furthermore, the study indicates that HRM strength is an important direct predictor of the creation of HRM values. Hence, this relationship suggests the importance of policy clarity and consistency. To ensure that e-HRM is used in a more strategic way, the core business functions of an organization, HRM strategy and IT management, should be clearly aligned and integrated. A set of theoretical and practical implications as well as the limitations of this research are also discussed.
TURBULENT CHEMICAL DIFFUSION IN CONVECTIVELY BOUNDED CARBON FLAMES

It has been proposed that mixing induced by convective overshoot can disrupt the inward propagation of carbon deflagrations in super-asymptotic giant branch stars. To test this theory, we study an idealized model of convectively bounded carbon flames with 3D hydrodynamic simulations of the Boussinesq equations using the pseudo-spectral code Dedalus. Because the flame propagation timescale is much longer than the convection timescale, we approximate the flame as fixed in space, and only consider its effects on the buoyancy of the fluid. By evolving a passive scalar field, we derive a turbulent chemical diffusivity produced by the convection as a function of height, . Convection can stall a flame if the chemical mixing timescale, set by the turbulent chemical diffusivity, , is shorter than the flame propagation timescale, set by the thermal diffusivity, κ, i.e., when . However, we find for most of the flame because convective plumes are not dense enough to penetrate into the flame. Extrapolating to realistic stellar conditions, this implies that convective mixing cannot stall a carbon flame and that “hybrid carbon–oxygen–neon” white dwarfs are not a typical product of stellar evolution.
Coordination of an Autonomous Fleet

Automated Guided Vehicles are systems normally designed to follow predefined paths in order to work reliably and predictably. Giving such vehicles the capability to leave a predetermined path enables the system to cope with obstacles and to use energy efficient trajectories. However, industrial acceptance of such autonomous systems is low, due to the fear of unpredictable behaviour. This paper presents a system design which is capable of spatially adjusting the level of autonomy for control of desired behaviour.
Experimental detection of upward going cosmic particles and consequences for correction of density radiography of volcanoes

Muon tomography measures the flux of cosmic muons crossing geological bodies to determine their density. The telescopes used to perform measurements are exposed to noise fluxes with high intensities relative to the tiny flux of interest. We give experimental evidences of a so far never described source of noise caused by a flux of upward going particles. Data acquired on La Soufrière of Guadeloupe and Mount Etna reveal that upward going particles are detected only when the rear side of the telescope is exposed to a wide volume of atmosphere located below the altitude of the telescope and with a rock obstruction less than several tens of meters. Biases produced on density muon radiographies by upward going fluxes are quantified, and correction procedures are applied to radiographies of La Soufrière.