Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
BEHAVIOURAL PARAMETERS OF VIGILANCE IN THE DWARF MONGOOSE: SOCIAL ACQUISITION OF A SEX-BIASED ROLE

Dwarf mongooses live in matriarchal family groups and possess a highly complex coordinated vigilance system. Parameters of vigilance bchaviour such as guarding duration, frequency, sequence, cues mediating guard orientation and exchange, number of guards present and fidelity to guarding sites are described for wild groups and compared, where appropriate, with data from captive ones to determine whether vigilance becomes modified after generations in captivity. Wild and captive groups showed little difference in basic guarding behaviour. Vigilant animals utilise a complex system of vocalisations to indicate predator presence, these varying with the type of predator sighted and mediating group response, which differs with predator type. Guarding is performed almost exclusively by subordinate males in both captive and wild groups. Vigilance behaviour is absent in naive hand-raised animals kept either singly or in pairs and put together in a group at approximately 1 year old. It develops normally, however, in the young of groups containing experienced adults. Several of its characteristic behavioural parameters are postulated as being acquired during juvenile/adult association at guarding sites. The implications of these findings are discussed.
A case of Usher syndrome type IIA caused by a rare USH2A homozygous frameshift variant with maternal uniparental disomy (UPD) in a Chinese family

Usher syndrome encompasses a group of genetically and clinically heterogeneous autosomal recessive disorders with hearing deficiencies and retinitis pigmentosa. The mechanisms underlying the Usher syndrome are highly variable. In the present study, a Chinese family with Usher syndrome was recruited. Whole exome sequencing (WES), Sanger sequencing, homozygosity mapping, short tandem repeat (STR) analysis and segregation analysis were performed. Functional domains of the pathogenic variant for USH2A were analysed. We identified a homozygous frameshift variant c. 99_100insT (p.Arg34Serfs*41) in the USH2A gene in the proband that showed discordant segregation in the father. Further homozygosity mapping and STR analysis identified an unusual homozygous variant of proband that originated from maternal uniparental disomy (UPD). The p.Arg34Serfs*41 variant produced a predicted truncated protein that removes all functional domains of USH2A. The variant was not included in the 1000 Human Genomes Project database, ExAC database, HGMD or gnomAD database, but was included in the ClinVar databases as pathogenic. Although USH2A is an autosomal recessive disease, the effects of UPD should be informed in genetic counselling since the recurrence risk of an affected child is greatly reduced when the disease is due to the UPD mechanism. To test potential patients, WES, combined with STR analysis and homozygosity mapping, provides an accurate and useful strategy for genetic diagnosis. In summary, our discoveries can help further the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of Usher syndrome type IIA to advance the prevention, diagnosis and therapy for this disorder.
Getting the Baby on a Schedule: Dutch and American Mothers’ Ethnotheories and the Establishment of Diurnal Rhythms in Early Infancy

Abstract One of the earliest challenges for infants and their parents is developing a diurnal sleep–wake cycle. Although the human biological rhythm is circadian by nature, its development varies across cultures, based in part on “zeitgebers” (German: literally “time‐givers”) or environmental cues. This study uses the developmental niche framework by Super and Harkness to address two different approaches to getting the baby on a schedule. 33 Dutch and 41 U.S. mothers were interviewed when their babies were 2 and 6 months old. A mixed‐methods analysis including counts of themes and practices as well as the examination of actual quotes shows that Dutch mothers emphasized the importance of regularity in the baby's daily life and mentioned practices to establish regular schedules for the baby's sleeping, eating, and time outside more than American mothers did. The U.S. mothers, in contrast, discussed regularity less often and when they did, they emphasized that their baby should develop his or her own schedule. Furthermore, actual daily schedules, based on time allocation diaries kept by the mothers, revealed greater regularity among the Dutch babies. Discussion focuses on how culture shapes the development of diurnal rhythms, with implications for “best practices” for infant care.
Anti-EJ Antibody-positive Anti-synthetase Syndrome Associated with Retroperitoneal Sarcoma

A 74-year-old man with interstitial lung disease (ILD) underwent surgical excision of a growing retroperitoneal tumor and was diagnosed with spindle cell sarcoma. Just after the surgery, skin eruption and muscle weakness emerged. Based on his symptoms and examination findings, we diagnosed him with anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS) with positive anti-glycyl-transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase antibody (anti-EJ) as paraneoplastic syndrome. Immunosuppressive treatments kept his progressing ILD stable for 21 months, although an expanding lung metastatic lesion from primary sarcoma was detected. Measurements of myositis-specific antibodies may enable the prediction of the efficacy of immunosuppressive treatments for paraneoplastic syndrome, even if the primary disease becomes progressive.
Sistemas de alimentação e suplementação de farinha de casca de ostras sobre o desempenho e a qualidade da casca dos ovos de poedeiras comerciais

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar diferentes sistemas de alimentacao e suplementacao de farinha de casca de ostras sobre o desempenho e a qualidade da casca dos ovos, determinados constituintes sanguineos, e sobre a disponibilidade aparente do calcio e fosforo dieteticos, em 120 galinhas Lohmann LSL, com 70 semanas de idade, distribuidas em 20 unidades experimentais com seis aves cada. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente ao acaso em arranjo fatorial 2 x 2: sistemas de alimentacao (ad libitum e jejum das 7 as 18 h) e suplementacao de farinha de casca de ostras (0 e 6,5 g/ave/dia), totalizando quatro tratamentos com cinco repeticoes cada. Os resultados mostraram menor consumo de racao para as galinhas submetidas a restricao alimentar. Producao, peso e massa de ovos, conversao alimentar, porcentagem de casca, espessura de casca, densidade aparente dos ovos e os coeficientes de disponibilidade aparente do calcio e fosforo nao foram afetados pelos tratamentos. Concluiu-se que o fornecimento de racao apos as 18 h e a suplementacao de casca de ostras nao se mostraram vantajosos para o desempenho e a qualidade da casca dos ovos de poedeiras comerciais.
Exploring microRNAs in diabetic chronic cutaneous ulcers: Regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic potential

Diabetic chronic cutaneous ulcers (DCU) are one of the serious complications of diabetes mellitus, occurring mainly in diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy. Recent studies have indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) and their target genes are essential regulators of cell physiology and pathology including biological processes that are involved in the regulation of diabetes and diabetes‐related microvascular complications. in vivo and in vitro models have revealed that the expression of some miRNAs can be regulated in the inflammatory response, cell proliferation, and wound remodelling of DCU. Nevertheless, the potential application of miRNAs to clinical use is still limited. Here, we provide a contemporary overview of the miRNAs as well as their associated target genes and pathways (including Wnt/β‐catenin, NF‐κB, TGF‐β/Smad, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR) related to DCU healing. We also summarize the current development of drugs for DCU treatment and discuss the therapeutic challenges of DCU treatment and its future research directions.
Antimicrobial activity and antibiotic synergy of a biphosphinic ruthenium complex against clinically relevant bacteria

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity, antibiotic-associated synergy, and anti-biofilm activity of the ruthenium complex, cis-[RuCl2 (dppb) (bqdi)]2+ (RuNN). RuNN exhibited antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 15.6 to 62.5 µg ml−1 and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values ranging from 62.5 to 125 µg ml−1. A synergistic effect against Staphylococcus spp. was observed when RuNN was combined with ampicillin, and the range of associated fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) values was 0.187 to 0.312. A time-kill curve indicated the bactericidal activity of RuNN in the first 1–5 h. In general, RuNN inhibited biofilm formation and disrupted mature biofilms. Furthermore, RuNN altered the cellular morphology of S. aureus biofilms. Further, RuNN did not cause hemolysis of erythrocytes. The results of this study provide evidence that RuNN is a novel therapeutic candidate to treat bacterial infections caused by Staphylococcus biofilms.
Robust Guanidine Metal Catalysts for the Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactide under Industrially Relevant Conditions.

The increasing awareness of sustainability has led to enormous growth of the demand for bio-based and biodegradable polymers such as poly(lactide) (PLA). In industry, polymerization of lactide is currently carried out using tin catalysts (e. g., tin(II) ethyl hexanoate, Sn(Oct)2 ). Since the catalyst remains in the polymer, it can accumulate in the soil or in the human body after degradation and cause damage due to its toxicity. Therefore, a search for a suitable substitute for this catalyst has been going on for decades. Guanidine metal complexes prove to be excellent catalysts in the polymerization of lactide. They are not only convincing because of their activity and the synthesis of high molar mass polymers, but also show a high robustness against high temperatures, oxidation as well as residual protic impurities in the monomer. Herein, key zinc and iron guanidine complexes are discussed with respect to their apparent rate constant (kapp ) and rate constant of propagation (kp ), produced molar masses and the mechanism involved.
Loss of β-Catenin Is Associated With Poor Survival in Ovarian Carcinomas

The catenins (α-, β- and γ-) are cytoplasmic proteins that bind to the conserved tail of the epithelial cadherin molecule. The function of epithelial cadherin at the adherens junctions is dependent on the catenins for efficient cell-to-cell adhesion. Loss of catenin expression has been reported in several human cancers and associated with poor tumor differentiation, advanced tumor stage, and poor patient survival. In this study, we investigated the clinical relevance of α-, β-, and γ-catenin immunoexpression in 104 cases of primary ovarian carcinoma with respect to clinicopathological features and as predictors of disease recurrence and prognosis. The clinicopathological parameters studied were International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, histological type, tumor differentiation, peritoneal metastases, residual postoperative tumor, integrity of the tumor’s serosal surface, peritoneal cytology, and lymphatic/vascular invasion. Negative immunoreactivity of α-catenin, β-catenin, and γ-catenin was observed in 22 (21%), 15 (14%) and 23 (22%) cases, respectively. Immunoreactivity of α-catenin and γ-catenin did not correlate with any of the clinicopathological parameters tested. The immunoexpression pattern of β-catenin correlated with histological type (p = 0.026) and with a poorer overall survival in univariate analyses (p = 0.022). In the group of serous carcinomas, β-catenin-immunoexpression associated significantly with overall survival. Patients with β-catenin-negative serous carcinomas had a poorer overall survival than patients with β-catenin-positive serous carcinomas (p = 0.013). In the multivariate analysis, negative expression of β-catenin (p = 0.003) and the presence of residual tumor (p = 0.019) were the two most important independent prognostic factors predicting poorer overall survival. In conclusion, negative immunoreactivity of β-catenin in serous carcinomas and the presence of residual tumor seem to be useful markers in selecting patients likely to have an unfavorable course.
Burkitt lymphoma-related TCF3 mutations alter TCF3 alternative splicing by disrupting hnRNPH1 binding

ABSTRACT Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is an aggressive B-cell lymphoma characterized by translocation and deregulation of the proto-oncogene c-MYC. Transcription factor 3 (TCF3) has also been shown to be involved in BL pathogenesis. In BL, TCF3 is constitutively active, and/or expression of its transcriptional targets are altered as a result of BL-associated mutations. Here, we found that BL-related TCF3 mutations affect TCF3 alternative splicing, in part by reducing binding of the splicing regulator hnRNPH1 to exon 18b. This leads to greater exon 18b inclusion, thereby generating more of the mutated E47 isoform of TCF3. Interestingly, upregulation of E47 dysregulates the expression of TCF3 targets PTPN6, and perhaps CCND3, which are known to be involved in BL pathogenesis. Our findings thus reveal a mechanism by which TCF3 somatic mutations affect multilayered gene regulation underlying BL pathogenesis.
Making Consistent Inferences from Quantum Measurements a

Quantum mechanics has been a very successful theory, and presently it is the only successful theory for dealing with phenomena of the microscopic world: the motion of electrons, protons, nuclei, etc. We do not need quantum mechanics to describe the motion of large, macroscopic bodies (such as planets moving around the sun). However, it is absolutely essential for describing the invisible motion of electrons around an atomic nucleus. The microscopic world described by quantum mechanics is not directly accessible to our senses. Hence, the experimental program for investigating this world demands a measuring apparatus that amplifies invisible events and makes them visible to us. Conversely, to interpret the visible results of experiments, we need a theory of how these have been produced by, or are related to, the microscopic or atomic events of interest. Quantum mechanics is this theory, if there is any theory at all that allows us to say something about electrons, atoms, etc., on the basis of experiments. Nonetheless, it is widely acknowledged that there are conceptual difficulties (in particular, problems of logical consistency) in making inferences about microscopic phenomena from the results of experimental measurements. These difficulties are so severe that some physicists have despaired of even speaking about microscopic phenomena at all. Quantum mechanics, they say, allows us to predict the results of measurements (i.e., certain macroscopic things), but does not necessarily allow us to say anything sensible about the microscopic things (if there are such things) that our measurements are measuring. I am not so pessimistic. It seems to me that it is possible to speak sensibly about microscopic phenomena and how they are related to measurements. However, the procedure for doing this, namely, the logical process of inference, must be appropriate to the domain of study and must be consistent with and indeed based on quantum theory itself. Elsewhere,’ I have indicated one scheme for doing this. In the present paper, I shall focus on one particular difficulty: that of inferring properties of microscopic systems at times both before and after a measurement takes place.
Volatile components produced during ontogeny of some cultivated crucifers.

Changes in the volatile chemicals produced on autolysis were monitored during the development of cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, fodder rape and radish. Compounds were identified from gas-liquid chromatography retention times, and mass spectrometry, seven of the mass spectrographs not having previously been recorded. Of the 23 compounds identified overall, 19 were extracted from seeds which, whether aged or freshly harvested, contained the maximum concentration of volatiles encountered. A rapid decrease in the concentrations of volatile hydrolysis products occurred during the first 4 weeks of development. Thereafter a steady increase and change in compounds was recorded, usually related to biologically significant events. The enzymic production of these volatile chemicals is discussed with respect to the action of thioglucosidase and epithiospecifier protein.
Work participation in young Norwegians: a 19-year follow up in a registry-based life-course cohort

Aims: The study objectives were to provide a quantitative description of work participation among young adults, and to outline the relations between work participation and social, educational and health-related characteristics throughout the life-course. Methods: We collected data in several national registries for all 318,705 individuals born in Norway 1967–1971 who were national residents on 1 January 1993. The criterion for work was annual occupational income above the boundary which identifies the core workforce. We analysed associations between social, educational and health-related characteristics, and the number of years at work and the risk of never working during 19 years of follow-up (1993–2011; age 22–44 years). Results: The overall work participation was high, with a median of 14 years and a 0.074 risk of never working. Women worked fewer years than men (medians 11 v. 16 years) and had higher risk of never working (0.103 v. 0.047). Combined educational and health problems before 1993 had a strong influence on subsequent work participation. The educational gradient in risks of never working was considerably stronger for women than for men. Diagnostic groups of mental disorders had high risks of never working, ranging from affective (risk 0.150) and stress-related disorders (risk 0.163) to intellectual disability (risk 0.933). Conclusions: The complex problems characterising individuals with low work participation suggest that preventive measures should take sex into account and be targeted at social, educational and mental issues in early life, and focusing on identified vulnerable groups.
Is the Public Investment Multiplier Higher in Developing Countries? An Empirical Exploration

Over the last decade, empirical studies analyzing macroeconomic conditions that may affect the size of government spending multipliers have flourished. Yet, in spite of their obvious public policy importance, little is known about public investment multipliers. In particular, the clear theoretical implication that public investment multipliers should be higher (lower) the lower (higher) is the initial stock of public capital has not, to the best of our knowledge, been tested. This paper tackles this empirical challenge and finds robust evidence in favor of the above hypothesis: countries with a low initial stock of public capital (as a proportion of GDP) have significantly higher public investment multipliers than countries with a high initial stock of public capital. This key finding seems robust to the sample (European countries, U.S. states, and Argentine provinces) and to the identification method (Blanchard-Perotti, forecast errors, and instrumental variables). Our results thus suggest that public investment in developing countries would carry high returns.
Hooking mortality: A review for recreational fisheries

Abstract Length‐limit regulations and promotion of catch‐and‐release fishing have become increasingly important management approaches for recreational fisheries. We review‐studies on catch‐and‐release (hooking) mortality gathered from the existing fisheries literature and from a survey of fisheries management agencies in all 50 states, the U.S. government, all Canadian provinces, and selected academic and research institutions. We identified hooking mortality estimates for 32 taxa. Most studies dealt with salmonids, centrarchids (especially black basses, Micropterus spp.), and percids (especially walleye, Stizostedion vitreum). Within and among species, differences in percent mortality were reported in association with bait type (artificial vs. natural), hook type (number of hooks, hook size, and barbs), season/ temperature, water depth (depressurization), anatomical location of hook wound, and individual size. Although most hooking mortalities occur within 24 h, the use of initial plus delayed mortality .
Attraction of Aphodius tasmaniae Hope to skatole

Skatole (3-methylindole) has been shown to be a chemical attractant for the Tasmanian grass grub beetle Aphodius tasmaniae. There is a similarity in responses by this insect to skatole and to light. This suggests that unfed gravid females will respond positively to both light and dung.
Morphology and Taxonomy of Rodentoxyuris sciuri Quentin et Tenora, 1974 (Nematoda: Oxyurida: Enterobiinae) with Notes on Molecular Phylogeny

Abstract. In present paper we supplement and summarize morphological data and taxonomical status of Rodentoxyuris sciuri — a parasite of red squirrel for the first time reported from Poland. Based on molecular data, we made an attempt to find the phylogenetic position of this nematode. Eight individual of squirrels collected from different parts of the city of Wroclaw (Lower Silesia, SW Poland) were subject to standard helminthological dissection. The helminthfauna of Sciurus vulgaris was represented by R. sciuri only, with the prevalence amounting to 100% (all eight individuals were infected) and a mean intensity of infection of 184.13. As a result of sequencing a partial sequence of 18S rDNA was obtained; and the phylogenetic relationships between analyzed species are discussed.
The Archaeology of American Childhood and Adolescence

Children and childhoods have been a neglected topic within historical archaeology, often with a limited or only passing reference to children when a toy is uncovered at a site. However, since the 2000s, the study has started to gain favour in the field as archaeologist’s transition away from simply noting the presence of children into more in-depth discussions of children as social agents. Negotiating the archaeology of children and childhood in America is difficult given the spectrum of definitions, ideologies and social constructs; for example, how does the author define children or childhood? What are the temporal and spatial ranges of the study? And how is the intersectionality of identities such as class, ethnicity, gender, and race addressed by the author? On one hand, the threat is that the author can be overly ambitious and attempt to cover every subtopic, every time period, and every culture, thus presenting the audience with a disjointed bricolage of writing that only touches upon important issues without providing a thorough analysis. On the other hand, the author runs the risk of neglecting the diversity of the past and thus can create a work that homogenizes the study of children and childhood. The key for the scholar is to discuss the heterogeneity and intersectionality of the past while also narrowing the scope of the work into a concise narrative. For the most part, Jane Eva Baxter is able to accomplish this difficult task in her book, The Archaeology of American Childhood and Adolescence. This book is very much a sequel to Baxter’s 2005 book, The Archaeology of Childhood: Children, Gender, and Material Culture, in which she discussed similar topics but without the explicit purview of ‘American Childhood’. While restricting the range of childhood and adolescence to one nation helps to narrow the focus of the book, it also brings up a question: is there a monolithic identity of being American? Baxter attempts to answer this question by stating that,