Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
AMALAN KEPEMIMPINAN KOLABORATIF DALAM KALANGAN PEMIMPIN INSTRUKSIONAL DI SEKOLAH RENDAH

This qualitative research was designed to acquire in-depth knowledge related to the implementation of practices for collaborative leadership among primary school instructional leaders. This study was implemented based on the practice aspect and leader plus aspect of Spillane’s Distributed Leadership Model (2006) . The study adopted a multisite single case study to explore the leadership of three instructional leaders from different categories of schools, namely the cluster school and normal daily school. The process of implementation of this qualitative research was discussed in detail using qualitative theories based on post positivist views and interpretive approaches. The methodology was administered using interviews, observation and analysis of documents for the data collection techniques. Ten participants were chosen comprising three headmistresses, three Senior Assistants and four mathematics teachers selected using the purposive sampling aims to obtain saturated data. All the participants have a teaching experience of more than five years in the educational area. The analyses showed that the implementation for collaborative practice is done informal by all participants of the study. Strategies for its implementation are also different from each other. Participants also agreed that by applying collaborative leadership can improve students ' achievement in their learning. Collaborative leadership practices can be used as a practice for the 21st century which functions also as a catalyst for the national transformation 2050 (TN50) in the future.
TEXTO PARA DISCUSSÃO N o 570 ESTIMATING TIMBER DEPRECIATION IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON *

1 INTRODUCTION . 1 2 FOREST CONVERSION PATTERN IN THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON . 2 2.1 – Socio-Economic Factors . 2 2.2 – Open Access Features.3 2.3 – Logging Activity Outline.5 3 ACCOUNTING METHODOLOGIES FOR CALCULATING THE DEPRECIATION OF NATURAL CAPITAL.6 3.1 – Adjustment in National Accounts . 6 3.2 – The Change in Value Method . 9 3.3 – Total Hotelling Rent as Depreciation.10 3.4 – The Net Price Method (NPM). 10 3.5 – The El Serafy Method (ESM) . 11 3.6 – Vincent and Hartwick Approach . 12 4 THE ECONOMICS OF TIMBER EXPLOITATION IN OPEN ACCESS REGIMES.13 5 THE BRAZILIAN CASE STUDY . 17 5.1 – The Estimation Sets . 17 5.2 – Database.19 5.3 –Results . 23 6 FINAL COMMENTS . 25 APPENDIX . 29 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 30
Effect of systemic administration of Simvastatin on dental implant stability: A random clinical study

The primary objective for many researches carried out in dental implantology was to reduce the period needed for functional implant loading, simvastatin (cholesterol lowering medication) had many pleiotropic effects, one of which was increasing bone density around titanium implants (1) and subsequently establishing faster osseointegrated dental implants (2,3). This study aims to reduce the period of time needed to establish secondary stability of dental implant measured in ISQ (Implant Stability Quotient) by investigating the effect of orally administered simvastatin on bone. Materials and methods: Simvastatin tablets (40mg/day for three months) were administered orally for 11 healthy women aged (40-51) years old who received 15 dental implants (Dentium, Implantium) in the traumatic functional implant zone(4), this is the intervention group, the control group (n=11) received 14 dental implants in the same zone. 3 dental implants in 2 subjects were lost, leaving a total of 26 dental implants in 20 patients with 10 patients in each group. All subjects were radiographed with OPG for preliminary assessment and with CT scan for registering bone density in Hounsfield Units. Different dental implant sizes were used according to optimal patients' needs. An informed consent was obtained from the intervention group and the recommended monitoring protocol was followed. Dental implant stability ISQ were recorded using RFA by OsstellTM ISQ for both groups three times: immediately after implant placement (at surgery) and after 8,12 weeks respectively. Results: Results showed that the mean implant stability for the intervention group was significantly higher P= 0.01 after 12 weeks in comparison to that of the control group. Simvastatin showed statistically significant effect on implant stability among the intervention group after 8 and 12 weeks (P value for both times <0.001) with the attributed risk percent was 70.8 and 50 respectively. Conclusions: This study concluded that the intervention group had higher implant stability and was ready for functional loading prior to control group and that simvastatin might enhanced and/or accelerated the process of
Evidence of nitrogen fixation by non-heterocystous cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea and re-calculation of a budget of nitrogen fixation

Nitrogen fixation rates and related plankton parameters were determined at 8 sta- tions in the Baltic proper and Mecklenburg Bay in 1997 and 1998. Nitrogen fixation was mea- sured with 15 N-tracer method in unenriched samples. Measurable nitrogen fixation rates were found from July to October, with highest rates in August when heterocystous cyanobacteria formed blooms. Nitrogen fixation rates measured during a moderate bloom in 1998 were related to biomass of heterocystous and coccoid (non-heterocystous) cyanobacteria and primary produc- tion. The size fraction <10 µm contributed significantly to total nitrogen fixation both during day and night. It is discussed whether this may be due to small, non-heterocystous cyanobacteria, which were abundant in summer and autumn. They may separate photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation temporally (day and night) and may be especially responsible for the high nitrogen fix- ation rates observed in the dark. As the fraction of pico- and nanoplankton was not considered in earlier studies, a new budget of nitrogen fixation in the Baltic proper has been estimated. On average, daily nitrogen fixation rates of 2.5 mmol N m -2 d -1 (in July/August 1997/1998) and mean annual nitrogen fixation of 125 mmol N m -2 yr -1 were estimated for the Baltic proper. The high variability is discussed. For summer 1998, a budget of the nitrogen cycle at the main station in the Gotland Sea is given.
Board of Directors in Malaysian firms: Are they Strong Governance Tool?

The purpose of this paper is to examine the ability of the board of directors in mitigating the influence of controlling shareholders on accounting conservatism. A panel data analysis of financial statements is conducted for 300 Malaysian listed firms between 2001 and 2007. The results show that substantial shareholders are associated with low conservatism and board of director’s inability to mitigate the adverse association. The results provide a useful input to the Malaysian policy setter that emphasizing on the structure of the board of directors in Malaysian firms may not be a solution to better governance, with the presence of substantial shareholders. This paper measures empirically the effectiveness of the Malaysian board of directors in moderating the effect of substantial shareholders on accounting conservatism. Keywords : Malaysia, Financial reporting, Boards of directors, Conservatism
Does the US Biofuel Mandate Increase Poverty in India

In recent years, many countries have adopted aggressive policies that promote biofuels as a substitute for gasoline in transportation. For instance, 40% of US grain is now used in transportation. This share is expected to rise significantly under the current Renewable Fuels Mandate. In this paper, we focus on the effect of the US mandate on poverty in India. First, we use a model with endogenous land use to estimate the effect of the mandate on the world price of selected food commodities, namely rice, wheat, sugar and meat and dairy, which provide almost 70% of food calories in India, and fuel for transportation. We obtain world price increases of the order of 10% for most of these commodities. Next we estimate their price pass-through to the Indian domestic market. Finally, using household data on Indian food consumption, wages and income, we estimate the effect on welfare. We account for the positive effects of food price increases through wages and income. We show that the net impact on welfare is negative and regressive, i.e., the policy affects the poorest the most. The current mandate may create about 35 million new poor in India alone. With imperfect pass-through of world prices food markets, this number declines to 14 million. The main implication is that even if biofuel policies lead to only a modest increase in food prices, they may cause a significant increase in poverty in developing countries.
WITHIN-CLUTCH VARIATION IN YOLK ANDROGENS IN RELATION TO FEMALE EXPRESSION OF A MALE ORNAMENT IN PIED FLYCATCHERS FICEDULA HYPOLEUCA

Within-clutch variation in yolk androgens in relation to female expression of a male ornament in pied flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca. Aims: Female birds deposit variable amounts of androgens in their eggs, and research shows that these hormones can influence several aspects of offspring development and phenotype. Some evidence suggests that yolk androgen deposition may be a costly investment for the female bird. We studied the relationship between female expression of a male ornament and yolk androgen deposition in the pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca. In this species, some females present a white forehead patch, which is an ornament typically restricted to males. Female expression of this trait has previously been found to be associated with older age and low levels of blood parasites. We predicted that, if yolk androgen deposition is costly, eggs from females displaying a white forehead patch should contain higher concentrations of yolk androgens that those laid by females lacking that ornament. Location: La Hiruela, central Spain. Methods:We measured testosterone (T) and androstenedione (A4) levels in 10 pied flycatcher broods, after an ether extraction, following a radioimmunoassay method. Results and Conclusions:We found that yolk T and A4concentrations increased with laying order. However, the increase in A4 with laying order was steeper for females without a forehead patch than for those expressing it. Also, and contrary to expectations, we found a marginally significant trend for females with white foreheads to have lower yolk-T levels. We discuss these results with reference to the adaptive function of hatching asynchrony.
Çocukluk Çağı Travmatik Yaşantıların, Yetişkin Bağlanma Stillerinin ve Psikolojik İyi Oluşun Evlilik Doyumu Üzerindeki Etkisi

Amac: Arastirmanin temel amaci, cocukluk caginda yasanan travmalarin evlilik doyumunu etkileme duzeyini analiz etmektir. Cocukluk travmalari ve baglanma stillerinin evlilik doyumu uzerindeki etkilerine bakilirken bunun disinda, evlilik bicimi, evlilik suresi ve egitim durumlari gibi degiskenlerin evlilik doyumu uzerinde farklilik yaratip yaratmadigina da bakilmistir. Yontem: Calismanin amaci dogrultusunda en az 1 yildir evli kadin katilimcilar ile olcekler elden verilip veriler toplanmistir. Katilimcilara Kisisel Bilgi Formu, Cocukluk Cagi Travmalari Olcegi (CCTO), Yakin Iliskilerde Yasantilar Envanteri (YIYE-II), Iliskilerde Mutluluk Olcegi (IMO) ve Semptom Degerlendirme Olcegi (SA-45) uygulanmistir. Kisisel bilgi formu; cinsiyet, yas, egitim, evlenme sekli, evlilik suresi, sahip olunan cocuk sayisi hakkinda sorular icermektedir. Bulgular: Yapilan istatistik sonucunda sosyo-demografik ozellikler ile evlilik doyumu arasinda istatistiksel acidan anlamli bir farklilik bulunamamistir. Bununla birlikte baglanma oruntuleri, psikolojik iyi olus ve travmatik yasantilar ile evlilik doyumu arasinda anlamli bir iliski bulunmustur. Yapilan istatistik sonuclarina gore, evlilik doyumu ve baglanma oruntuleri, psikolojik iyi olus ve travmatik yasantilar arasinda negatif bir iliski bulunmaktadir. Sonuc: Calismanin bulgularina gore, yetiskin baglanma stilleri evlilik doyumunu etkilemektedir. Cift terapisi calismalarinda baglanma sorunlarinin degerlendirilip ele alinmasinin onemli oldugu dusunulmektedir.
Relationship between Personality and Occupational Stress among Academic Managers at Higher Education Level

The present study is an attempt to understand relationship between personality and occupational stress of academic managers at higher education level. Qualitative and quantitative approaches have been used to explore the relationship between personality and occupational stress of academic managers by using a sample of 120 academic managers of public sector institutions of higher education located in Punjab, Pakistan. In order to select representative sample from the population, simple random sampling technique was used. Total sample size was 120.For data analysis; both descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Research instrument Occupational Stress Inventory–revised (OSI-R) and MBTI were used to collect data. For data analysis percentages, mean, standard deviation and Pearson correlation were used. Data analysis revealed that common main domains of personality characteristics found in academic managers were (extroversion, sensing, thinking, judging) and positive relationship was found in responses of academic managers regarding relationship between personality type and occupational stress while negative significant relationship was found between extroversion and sensing with personal resources. While negative significant correlation with occupational stress includes introversion whereas feeling, intuition and perceiving factors lack any significant correlation towards occupational stress. Keywords : Occupational Stress, MBTI Personality type
Applying Remote Sensing to Determine the Percent Imperviousness for Urban Drainage Modelling

Background and Objective: Urban areas have become more vulnerable to flooding due to decreased imperviousness in cities and more severe rain events. Sewer modelling is used to examine urban drainage systems and their performance in case of severe rain. Accurate data for impervious surfaces is a key input factor to obtain valuable models. In this study, the use of data acquired automatically by remote sensing techniques is investigated as an alternative to other electronic databases and is manually interpreted to obtain information on the surface conditions. Materials and Methods: The study is carried out in a neighbourhood of Copenhagen and the sewer system is modelled by the commercial software MIKE URBAN 2014. Airborne images with 20 cm resolution and 4-band orthophotos were analyzed by following an object-oriented approach and used as input for calculating the percent imperviousness. Results: The results show that different types of impervious areas are determined with different accuracy. Road area coverage is underestimated, building coverage is classified accurately and the area of other impervious surfaces is over estimated. When applying the achieved classification and using this to determine the imperviousness, the sewer system is accurately modelled despite the inaccuracies in the area coverage. Conclusion: This study validates the automatic classification of areas using airborne images. The methodology, however, should be optimized with respect to road surfaces and some specific pervious surfaces.
The Dimensional Nature of Disturbed Dreaming: Reply to Weiss (2007)

The authors’ proposed model of nightmare formation withstands several criticisms raised in an accompanying commentary article (D. S. Weiss, 2007). A principal criticism, that the model lacks convergent and divergent validity, appears to stem from the commenter’s application of a strong categorical, as opposed to the authors’ use of a dimensional, approach to the model/construct of nightmares. Furthermore, ongoing research continues to support the authors’ assumptions about the basic relationship between nightmares and affect distress. Other criticisms of the model, including a failure to account for robust epidemiological differences in nightmares and an ambiguity in the concept of affect distress, are also countered by reference to relevant research findings. A robust gender difference in nightmares (women men) is particularly compatible with studies demonstrating gender differences in emotion among the physiological and cognitive systems that the authors propose are centrally implicated in nightmare formation.
Correlation between HbA 1 c Values and Lipid Profile in Saudi Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the correlation between levels of HbA1c and various lipid parameters in type2 diabetics of Saudi population. Method: Fasting venous blood samples were collected from 110 type2 diabetic patients. The serum was used for analyzing Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), HbA1c, Total Cholesterol (TC), HDLcholesterol(HDL-c) and Triglycerides (TG). The risk ratios(TC/HDL-c), LDL-c/HDL-c) were also calculated. The patients were classified into two groups depending on their HbA1c: Good Glycemic Control (GCC) group having HbA1c <7.0% (n=24) and Poor Glycemic Control (PGC) group having HbA1c >7.0% (n=86). Results: Patients with HbA1c value>7.0% had significantly higher values of TC, TG, LDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c ratio and risk ratio (TC/HDL-c) as compared to the patients with HbA1c <7.0%. However, there was no significant difference in values of HDL-c between the two groups. Statistically significant positive correlation was observed between HbA1c and TC, LDL-c, LDLc/HDL-c ratio, non-HDL-c and risk ratio. The correlation of HbA1c with TG was positive and statistically significant. Conclusion: These findings indicate that HbA1c can be utilized for screening high risk diabetic patients for early diagnosis of dyslipidemia and timely intervention with lipid lowering drugs.
A novel hybrid system with RC-encased steel joists

ABSTRACT The paper presents the main results of an experimental and numerical study on a novel structural frame system, which employs RC encased steel joist beams and columns. An accurate 3D numerical model has been used to represent the resistance mechanisms in beams and beam-to-column connections. Experimental and numerical outcomes have been employed to develop suitable analytical models to be used in practical design. In particular, the beam flexural response has been investigated, providing a simple relationship for the flexural rigidity at different load levels. Capacity models have been then proposed for the bending and shear resistance of partially and fully-encased beams, and for exterior beam-to-column joints.
WELFARE ENHANCING COORDINATION IN CONSUMER COOPERATIVES UNDER MIXED OLIGOPOLY

The recent globalization of world economies has led the retail markets of developed countries towards increasing levels of integration and strategic interdependence. A non negligible share of retail and food markets is currently served by co-operative societies. Consistently with this trend, the consumer cooperatives have recently experienced increasing levels of integration. The main aim of this paper is to study the welfare effects of coordination among consumer cooperatives competing in quantities in a mixed oligopoly against profit-maximizing firms. We show that, in absence of agency problems, under increasing or constant returns to scale a higher output coordination of the consumer cooperatives does not affect the total welfare as long as a nonnegative profit constraint holds in these firms. On the other hand, under decreasing returns to scale, the consumer cooperatives contribute more to social welfare when acting on behalf of all consumers. This is because, by coordinating consumersâ€™ preferences, these firms can reduce their market output, thus helping the market to come closer to the first best. All together these results seem to provide an argument in favour of the recent process of integration involving consumer cooperatives in many developed countries.Journal: Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics
Disguising quantum channels by mixing and channel distance trade-off

We consider the reverse problem of the distinguishability of two quantum channels, which we call the disguising problem. Given two quantum channels, the goal here is to make the two channels identical by mixing with some other channels with minimal mixing probabilities. This quantifies how much one channel can disguise as the other. In addition, the possibility to trade-off between the two mixing probabilities allows one channel to be more preserved (less mixed) at the expense of the other. We derive lower- and upper-bounds of the trade-off curve and apply them to a few example channels. Optimal trade-off is obtained in one example. We relate the disguising problem and the distinguishability problem by showing that the former can lower and upper bound the diamond norm. We also show that the disguising problem gives an upper-bound on the key generation rate in quantum cryptography.
Change, leadership and change-oriented leadership theories in higher education: A review

Universities in 21st century are playing an important role in fostering the next generations of leaders who would be capable of dealing with significant economic, social, cultural and environmental challenges. However, higher education institutions need to be sustainably developed in order to have the potentials to contribute to the development of the societies as well. This shows that major changes must be planned, implemented and maintained in the context of higher education to transform the universities to the entities which can operate in the turbulent environment effectively and efficiently. Thus, the practical application of relevant theories of change and leadership in higher education institutions is pivotal to achieve this objective. Based on this view, the current paper aims to review a few theories of leadership and change which are pertinent to the context of higher education, and to discuss the characteristics of change-oriented leadership as well as to posit that change-oriented leadership may be the best suited leadership style which can be applied in higher education institutions in the turbulent environment of 21st century.
Toward a Theory of Managing Organizational Conflict

The management of organizational conflict involves the diagnosis of and intervention in affective and substantive conflicts at the interpersonal, intragroup, and intergroup levels and the styles (strategies) used to handle these conflicts. A diagnosis should indicate whether there is need for an intervention and the type of intervention needed. In general, an intervention is designed (a) to attain and maintain a moderate amount of substantive conflict in nonroutine tasks at various levels, (b) to reduce affective conflict at all levels, and (c) to enable the organizational members to select and use the appropriate styles of handling conflict so that various situations can be effectively dealt with. Organizational learning and effectiveness can be enhanced through an appropriate diagnosis of and process and structural interventions in conflict.