Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Novel Current Sharing Technique for Interleaved Boost Converter

An efficient DC/DC converter is needed as the interface between a low voltage source and high current application. The converter must be able to boost the input voltage and operate at higher current levels. The interleaved boost converter (IBC) is the proper solution for this kind of application. But, how to balance the current each phase is the most important. This paper introduces a new approach to IBC using carrier slope control. The control is based on master-slave current sharing technique. It is an effective way to distribute the power and load current equally. Moreover, it is also effective even though the rated current of switching components at slave modules is significantly smaller than that of the master module. The simulation and the experimental results are presented to show the validity.
SilabMDD-Model Driven Approach

Model-Driven Development is a software development paradigm that emphasizes the importance of models during the entire software development process. The aim of Model-Driven Development is to use models throughout the software development process at different levels of abstraction. In our SilabMDD approach use cases present a model of user and software requirements. The model of requirements is specified using SilabReqDSL language. SilabReqDSL language is implemented inside JetBrains Meta Programming System and can be used in it as plugin or plugin inside IntelliJ IDEA.
140-Gb/s 20-km Transmission of PAM-4 Signal at 1.3  $\mu \text{m}$  for Short Reach Communications

We experimentally demonstrated 140-Gb/s transmission over 20-km standard single-mode fiber employing pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM)-4 and direct detection (DD) at 1.3 μm. DD faster than Nyquist is employed to compensate for channel impairments. The optimal length of taps of decision directed least mean square and the optimal tap coefficient for digital postfilter are investigated. A receiver sensitivity of -5.5 dBm at bit error rate of 3.8× 10-3 is realized for 140-Gb/s PAM-4 signal after 20-km transmission. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest reported baud rate (70 GBd) of direct detected PAM-4 signal and the highest per channel bit rate with single polarization and DD for short reach communications.
Semi-Automated Elicitation Corpus Generation

In this document we will describe a semi-automated process for creating elicitation corpora. An elicitation corpus is translated by a bilingual consultant in order to produce high quality word aligned sentence pairs. The corpus sentences are automatically generated from detailed feature structures using the GenKit generation program. Feature structures themselves are automatically generated from information that is provided by a linguist using our corpus specification software. This helps us to build small, flexible corpora for testing and development of machine translation systems.
Relaxation of Levitation Force of a Stack of HTS Tapes

Nowadays, magnetic bearings are used to design motors, generators, separating platforms, and flywheel energy storage systems. High-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnetic bearing construction is based on YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) bulks through its ability to capture and hold significant magnetic field for a long time. However, that material requires external mechanical reinforcement and has low thermal conductivity, which provides additional restrictions on practical application. Modern HTS tapes do not have such disadvantages. Its structure provides better rigidity and thermal stability in comparison with HTS bulk. One more significant advantage of tapes is simplicity of cutting to required form. In order to construct magnetic bearings from stacks of HTS tapes, it is necessary to have data about stability of system stack magnet under different dynamic processes. In this work, relaxation of levitation force was researched in both static and vibration modes with vertical oscillation frequencies of 15, 20, and 30 Hz. The measurements were performed for stacks with different amounts of 12 mm × 12 mm REBCO tapes in a stack (n = 1, 5, 10, 15, 20) at temperature T = 77 K. Stacks were placed over permanent magnet with a minimal gap of 4 mm. FC cooling method was realized. All static and dynamic relaxation measurements were carried out at 11.6-mm gap.
THE IMPORTANCE OF POTASSIUM CHANNELS IN THE MECHANISM OF THE RELAXING EFFECT OF PENTOXIFYLLINE ON ISOLATED RAT UTERI

Background. Pentoxifylline, used for treating peripheral vascular deceases is a derivate of methylxanthines. One way of pentoxifylline action is by causing vasodilatation of blood vessels. In this study, the effect of increasing concentrations of pentoxifylline, in the presence of potassium channel antagonist, on contractility of isolated rat uterus was examined. Methods . Uteruses were isolated from virgin Wistar rats (180-220 g) and suspended in an isolated organ bath chamber containing De Jalon's solution and aerated with 95% O 2 and 5% CO 2 . Temperature was maintained at 37oC. Isometric contractions were recorded using an isometric force transducer (Ugo Basile). The preload of the preparation was about 1g. Uteri were allowed to contract spontaneously or in the presence of Ca 2+ (0.018 and 0.36 mM ) and acetylcholine and treated with pentoxifylline. Results. Pentoxifylline caused concentration-dependent inhibition of spontaneous rhythmic uterine activity and uterine activity caused by calcium Ca 2+ (0.018 mM and 0,36 mM). We showed that the inhibitory effect of pentoxifylline depends on type of muscle contraction activation, and that it is significantly stronger in spontaneous rhythmic activity and contraction of isolated rat uterus induced by Ca 2+ . The relaxing effect of pentoxifylline depends on calcium concentration of in the medium. Pentoxifylline exerted the weakest relaxant effects on contractions induced by acetylcholine (Ach). As opposed to methylene blue, tetraethylammonium, and 4-aminopyridine, glibenclamide did not antagonize the relaxing effect of pentoxifylline on the isolated rat uterus. Conclusion. Results obtained suggest that the mechanism of action of pentoxifylline did not lead to the opening of K ATP channels. However, the opening of BKCa and of voltage dependent Ca 2+ channel had some significance, but to varying degrees, in the mechanism of the relaxing effect of pentoxifylline on spontaneous rhythmic activity and contraction of the isolated rat uterus induced by calcium. Our results are additional confirmation of the dominance of the NO/cGMP signaling pathway in the mechanism of the relaxing effect of pentoxifylline (because the presence of methylene blue significantly antagonizes its effect) in relation to the opening of potassium channels, especially K ATP channels. These results indicate that pentoxifylline could be a potential tocolytic drug. Keywords: pentoxifylline, rat uterus, potassium channel blockers, glibenclamide (GLB), tetraethylammonium (TEA), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP ), methylene blue (MB) Running title: Potassium Channels in Action of Pentoxifylline
Modeling Mid-level Visual Representations through Clustering in a Convolutional Neural Network

The nature of visual properties used in cortical perception is subject to considerable ongoing study. Features of intermediate complexity are particularly uncertain. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models, however, have proven to be quite effective in modeling human vision (Yamins et al., 2014) and have performed with great accuracy on image classification tasks (Krizhevsky et al., 2012). Study of representations within layers of CNN models may suggest selectivities in the similarly hierarchical brain. We apply a popular CNN to four diverse stimulus sets. Through clustering, we identify classes of preferred visual patterns for an intermediate model layer (layer 4, out of 8). We find a subset of patterns reflect intuitive visual similarities within and across the datasets, while a broader set of patterns were less accessible to intuitive interpretation. We also observe a heightened correlation between cortical voxel activity and CNN layer 4 responses to a shared dataset, and notably observe increased correlation when weighting model neuron responses based on clustering from each of the four data sets. Our findings suggest behavioral and cortical relevance to visual properties uncovered by clustering on multiple image data sets.
Aetiology of acute gastroenteritis in children in Najran region, Saudi Arabia

Objectives: Gastroenteritis is a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of bacterial, viral and parasitic aetiology of gastroenteritis in children aged Design and Setting: A descriptive study conducted at Najran Maternity and Children's Hospital and the Microbiology Department of the Najran University College of Applied Medical Sciences from October 2011 to June 2012. Patients and Methods: Stool samples were collected from 326 children aged ≤ 5 years with diarrhoea and examined for bacterial, viral and parasitic enteropathogens. Results: Seventy-two (22.1%) samples were positive for viral pathogens, including 56 (17.2%), 12 (3.7%) and 4 (1.2%) samples for rotavirus, adenovirus and astrovirus, respectively. Thirty-five (10.7%) samples were positive for bacterial pathogens, including 28 (8.6%) and 7 (2.1%) samples for Salmonella and Shigella spp. isolates, respectively. Pathogenic parasites were detected in only 4 (1.2%) samples, including 3 (0.9%) Giardia lamblia and 1 (0.3%) Entamoeba histolytica isolates. Conclusions: Rotavirus is the most common pathogen in paediatric acute gastroenteritis in the Najran region. This fact, in combination with the severity of the infections, warrants consideration of a rotavirus vaccine in the childhood immunization program in Saudi Arabia. On the basis of clinical and laboratory parameters, it appears possible to distinguish between the different causative agents of acute gastroenteritis.
Genomic Instability during Early Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells

Objective: Understanding how genomic instability could be involved in the regulation and establishment of cell lineage commitment during embryonic stem cell differentiation would provide crucial knowledge of stem cell biology. The aim of this study was to determine novel molecular biomarkers located near embryonic developmental genes responsible for embryonic stem cell signals that govern in vitro early cell fate decisions. Methods: Analysis of genomic instability in 63 single tandem repeats markers from embryoid bodies at 7, 14 and 30 days of culture samples from H1 and H7 embryonic stem cell lines. Mutation frequencies were determined using SP-PCR software from M.D. Anderson Cancer Center. Differences in mutation frequencies were calculated with a two tailed t-test with a p ≤ 0.05. Results: We determined that the mean values of instability frequencies in embryoid bodies from two different embryonic stem cells lines showed significant differences across time between them. Different markers became unstable during spontaneous differentiation showed higher instability frequencies: one marker associated with pluripotency, nine markers with differentiation, and eight markers with imprinting. Genomic instability influences the loss of pluripotency and the gain of cell lineage specialization. Interestingly, the differentiation potential of embryoid bodies from the two stem cell lines varied. Embryoid bodies from H1 were prone to neuroectoderm differentiation in comparison to those from H7, which showed functional differentiation into mesoderm (contractile cardiac muscle). Conclusion: We suggest that genomic instability in repetitive regions could be a signal for cell fate decision during differentiation among embryonic stem cell lines. Our results indicate correlation of instability in specific markers located near developmental genes and epigenetic modulators in embryoid bodies that underwent spontaneous differentiation in vitro. The significance of elucidating possible molecular mechanisms of genomic instability and validation of novel biomarkers could potentially support the use of embryonic stem cell are safe source for clinical applications
Connections between millimetre continuum variations and VLBI structure in 27 AGN

We compare total flux density variations in 27-ray blazars with structural changes in their parsec-scale jets using multi-epoch VLBA observations at 22 and 43 GHz together with data from the Metsahovi quasar monitoring program at 22 and 37 GHz. There is a clear connection between total flux density outbursts and VLBI components emerging into the jet. For essentially every new moving VLBI component, there is a coincident total flux density flare, with evolution similar to that of the component. Furthermore, extrapolated ejection times of the new VLBI components correspond to the beginnings of associated flares. Our results suggest that it is possible to explain all the radio variations as shocks propagating down the jet. A large fraction of the shocks grow and decay within the innermost few tenths of a milliarcsecond and therefore we see them only as "core flares" in the VLBI images. However, with present data we cannot exclude the possibility that the core itself also brightens (and thus contributes to the flare) as a shock passes through it.
CLINICAL-IMAGING CORRELATION AND EARLY DIAGNOSIS IN BRAIN MALFORMATIONS

The malformations of the brain represent a serious pathology in the neonatal period, with major implications for subsequent psychomotor development of children. Thanks to the advanced technology, the diagnosis is established early, even in the prenatal period (fetal ultrasound, or even more recently fetal MRI or early neonatal MRI)-a very important thing for the introduction of the specific therapy and also the anticipation of the shortterm and long-term prognosis. The authors are proposing a review of the most frequent brain malformations: encephalocele, myelomeningocel, Arnold-Chiari malformation, holoprozencephaly, the absence of cavum septum pellucidum, septo-optic dysplasia, proliferation and neuronal migration disorders, corpus callosum agenesis, Aicardi syndrome, porencephaly, median line defects, some vascular malformations.Also, the authors want to establish a corelation between the clinical, anamnestic and imaging data for the anticipation of short-term and long-term prognosis in every group that malformations have been identified. Conclusion: Brain malformations represent an important part of neonatal pathology, either due to the emergency situation with life-threatening prognosis or because of the high risk of sequelae which threatens social-integration.
Medical image compression using Embedded Zerotree Wavelet (EZW) coder

The aim of this paper is to investigate and explore the viability of Embedded Zerotree (EZW) wavelet coder for therapeutic and medical image compression and high lights its performance based on quality evaluation measurements comparing to Mean square Error (MSE), Bit per pixel (BPP), Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Compression Ratio (CR) for a particular set of medical images of different modalities. Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) has turned into a front line innovation in the spheres of picture processing in general and image compression in particular due to impressive and noteworthy change in picture quality at high compression quotient and better compaction of coefficients. The algorithm what is discussed in this paper has been implemented using the wavelet toolbox of MATLAB. The simulation results exposition that the proposed algorithm is not only an option for the image storage and retrieval on the cloud based medical image computing expeditiously, effectively and economically but it also supports to enhance the utility services in telediagnosis and teleconsultation.
Childhood environment, intergenerational mobility, and adult health--evidence from Swedish data.

STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to examine whether body height is associated with intergenerational social mobility, and to determine the importance of intergenerational mobility for adult health. DESIGN--Information from a survey conducted by Statistics Sweden on a randomly selected sample was supplemented with mortality data during a six year follow up. PARTICIPANTS--The sample was identified in 1980-81 and comprised 14,757 persons aged 16-74 years. The non-response rate was 14%. In the current study a subsample of 9203 persons aged 30-74 years at the time of the interview was used. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--Information on adult height, socioeconomic status during childhood and in adult life, self perceived general health, and self reported longstanding illness at the time of the interview was supplemented with mortality data during the follow up period. The direction of the intergenerational mobility was defined as upward mobility, downward mobility, and no intergenerational mobility. The chances of falling into each of these three groups for tall, medium, and short persons were compared. The three mobility groups were also compared with regard to general health, longstanding illness and early death. The tall third of the sample was upwardly mobile to a larger extent than the short third, while the short third was more likely to be downwardly mobile. The upwardly mobile group perceived their health as bad much less than was expected. It also included a smaller number of persons with longstanding illness. Mortality, however, was not lower in this group. CONCLUSIONS--Childhood environment influences height, height is linked to upward mobility, and upward mobility is linked to better health. This is one way in which childhood environment has an impact on adult health.
SF6 transformer force-directed-gas duct design based on thermal-fluid coupled analysis method

SF6 gas insulated transformer (GIT) has the advantages of nonflammable and non-explosive. However, there is a deviation in flows near the coils, which results the coil temperature overheat. In order to remove the deviation of flow, it is necessary to use force-directed-gas duct cooling system. In this paper, the force-directed-gas duct heat fluid coupled finite element method is presented based on the fundamental theories of heat transfer and fluid dynamics, a standard k-epsiv model was used as a turbulence model, the components of gas flow and the coils temperature distributions are also calculated. Additionally, the force-directed-gas duct design method is presented.
SACRAL EPIDURAL STEROID INJECTIONS USED FOR THE PREVENTION OF HAMSTRING INJURIES

Hamstring injuries can be a severe risk in the career of a professional athlete. The authors suppose that the origin of chronic hamstring pain can be neurogenic; therefore, sacral epidural steroid injections were used for the treatment of the condition. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of the therapy with sacral epidural steroid injections. According to strict criteria, 25 elite athletes (11 males and 14 females), mostly track and field runners, were selected for the follow-up study. A fractionated sacral epidural steroid injection (SEI) was administered once, rarely twice within a 4-week interval. The injection consisted of 8ml 1% Lignocain, 2ml 80mg/ml DepoMedrol and 10 ml 0, 25% Marcain (bupivacain). A visual analogue scale (VAS) on hamstring discomfort and/or pain was taken prior to and 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48 and 54 weeks after the epidural injection. The recovery time and the time the athletes spent without pain and/or uninjured were also observed. Hamstring pain and discomfort significantly decreased by the time of the follow up. The average time for reaching painless high level training sessions were 3 weeks after the injections. One half of the duration of the therapy was 37 weeks. Our results indicate that in the case of hamstring pain the condition can be treated and injuries can be prevented effectively by sacral epidural steroid injections. By administering these injections, the effectiveness of training sessions can indirectly be increased and the possibility of hamstring injuries can be decreased.
A distributed fixed-step power control algorithm with quantization and active link quality protection

A distributed fixed-step power control algorithm is presented. It is a simple feedback adjustment algorithm using only local information. In the ideal case where there is no power constraint, it is guaranteed that existing users will not be dropped due to admission of new users. If it is infeasible to accommodate all of them, the new user will be blocked. When the constraint on the maximum power is imposed, it is shown by simulation that blocking a new call is more probable than dropping any existing calls, if the capacity is exceeded. Besides, its convergence property is demonstrated. The convergence rate, which depends on the step size, is studied through simulation. In addition, the issue of power quantization is addressed.
Correlating the Horizontal and Vertical Distribution of LiDAR Point Clouds with Components of Biomass in a Picea crassifolia Forest

Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) has been widely used to estimate forest biomass. In this study, we aim to further explore this capability by correlating horizontal and vertical distribution of LiDAR data with components of biomass in a Picea crassifolia forest. Airborne small footprint full-waveform data were decomposed to acquire higher density point clouds. We calculated LiDAR metrics at the tree level and subplot level and correlated them to biomass components, including branch biomass (BB), leaf biomass (LB) and above-ground biomass (AGB), respectively. A new metric (Horizcv) describing the horizontal distribution of point clouds was proposed. This metric was found to be highly correlated with canopy biomass (BB and LB) at the tree level and subplot level. Correlation between AGB and Horizcv at the subplot level is much lower than that at tree level. AGB for subplot is highly correlated with the mean height metric (Hmean), canopy cover index (CCI) and the product of them. On the other hand, the relationship between the vertical distribution of LiDAR point and biomass was explored by developing two types of vertical profiles, including LiDAR distribution profiles and a biomass profile. Good relationships were found between these two types of vertical profiles and assessed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient (R) and the area of overlap index (AOI). These good correlations possess potential in predicting the vertical distribution of canopy biomass. Overall, it is concluded that not only the vertical, but also the horizontal distribution of LiDAR points should be taken into account in estimating components of biomass by LiDAR.
Voice activity detection for children's read speech recognition in noisy conditions

Recordings of read-aloud stories by children in a school setting can be used to provide an assessment of reading skills via automatic speech recognition (ASR). ASR, however, is known to be highly susceptible to background noise. The unusual variety of foreground (breath release, mic pops, etc.) and background (children playing, distinct background talker, wind, etc.) non-speech sounds makes this application particularly challenging. Motivated by the observation on real-world data that close to 50% of the recorded audio comprises purely non-speech activity, we investigate robust approaches to voice activity detection to eliminate non-speech segments to the extent possible prior to ASR. We have exploited energy-based and harmonicity-based features coupled with suitable temporal smoothing constraints in a two-pass noise preprocessing system. A discussion of the voice activity detection performance of the system is presented with reference to the characteristics of the noise types.