Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Targeting of an enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) effector protein to host mitochondria

Many Gram‐negative pathogens use a type III secretion apparatus to deliver effector molecules into host cells to subvert cellular processes in favour of the pathogen. Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) uses such a system to deliver the Tir effector molecule into host cells. In this paper, we show that the gene upstream of tir, orf19, encodes an additional type III secreted effector protein. Orf19 is delivered into host cells by a mechanism independent of endocytosis, but dependent on EspB. Orf19 is targeted to host mitochondria, where it appears to interfere with the ability to maintain membrane potential. Although the precise role of Orf19 remains to be elucidated, its interaction with mitochondria suggests a possible role in the subversion of key functions of these organelles, such as energy production or control of cell death. This is the first example of a type III secreted protein targeted to mitochondria; it is probable that homologues (present in EPEC and Shigella species) and other bacterial effectors will also target this organelle.
“The Chicken or the Egg”: Barriers and Facilitators to Collaborative Care for People With Comorbidity in a Metropolitan Region of South Australia

Mental health disorder and alcohol and other drug comorbidity is prevalent in Australia. This qualitative study used semistructured interviews (N = 20) to elicit clinicians' and workers' knowledge, experiences, and opinions regarding issues pertaining to service needs of people with comorbidity in a metropolitan region of South Australia. The study revealed barriers to effective access and delivery of comorbidity care by MH and AOD services. Participants reported difficulties with identification, access, suitability, policy, funding, and collaboration between sectors and services responding to comorbidity. Results suggest that these models of practice were inadequate influencing the delivery, consistency, and reliability of comorbidity care.
The "Retinoic Acid Syndrome" in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

OBJECTIVE To describe a novel complication of therapy with all-trans retinoic acid in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. DESIGN Case series. SETTING Comprehensive cancer center. PATIENTS Consecutive patients with a morphologic diagnosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia who underwent remission induction treatment with all-trans retinoic acid, 45 mg/m2 body surface area per day. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Nine of 35 patients (26%; 95% CI, 9% to 52%) with acute promyelocytic leukemia who were treated with all-trans retinoic acid developed a syndrome consisting primarily of fever and respiratory distress. Additional prominent signs and symptoms included weight gain, lower-extremity edema, pleural or pericardial effusions, and episodic hypotension. The onset of this symptom complex occurred from 2 to 21 days after starting treatment. Three deaths occurred; post-mortem examinations in two patients showed pulmonary interstitial infiltration with maturing myeloid cells. Six other patients survived, each achieving complete remission (five patients with all-trans retinoic acid only; 1 patient with chemotherapy). In six of the nine cases, the onset of the syndrome was preceded by an increase in peripheral blood leukocytes to a level of at least 20 x 10(9) cells/L. Certain therapeutic interventions, including leukapheresis, temporary cessation of therapy with all-trans retinoic acid, and cytotoxic chemotherapy in moderate doses were not useful after respiratory distress was established. However, the administration of high-dose corticosteroid therapy (dexamethasone, 10 mg IV intravenously every 12 hours for 3 or more days) early in the course of the syndrome resulted in prompt symptomatic improvement and full recovery in three of four patients. CONCLUSIONS The use of all-trans retinoic acid to induce hematologic remission in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia is associated in some patients with the development of a potentially lethal syndrome that is not uniformly accompanied by peripheral blood leukocytosis. Early recognition of the symptom complex of fever and dyspnea, combined with prompt corticosteroid treatment, may decrease morbidity and mortality associated with this syndrome.
Intrafirm technology and knowledge transfer: a best practice perspective

During the 21st century, the capability of best practice transfer will be a core competency of firms and a source of competitive advantage. This study reviews the practices of semiconductor firms and presents three models for the intrafirm transfer of best practices. These models have important implications for technology and knowledge management. First, replication strategies can apply not only to the service sector but also to manufacturing, including high-tech firms. Second, these transfer models validate the contingency theory since various situations induce different transfer models. Third, external benchmarking may not always be the best way to solve problems and maintain competitive advantage. The resource-based theory maintains that firms can retain a competitive edge by efficiently and effectively applying practices developed in-house.
Generative Models for Stochastic Processes Using Convolutional Neural Networks

The present paper aims to demonstrate the usage of Convolutional Neural Networks as a generative model for stochastic processes, enabling researchers from a wide range of fields (such as quantitative finance and physics) to develop a general tool for forecasts and simulations without the need to identify/assume a specific system structure or estimate its parameters.
Effects of elevated CO(2), nutrition and climatic warming on bud phenology in Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) and their impact on the risk of frost damage.

Effects of elevated CO(2), clone and plant nutrition on bud dormancy of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. ) were examined. Sitka spruce seedlings were fumigated with ambient or elevated (ambient + 350 micro mol mol(-1)) concentrations of CO(2) in open-top chambers for three growing seasons. In 1991 and 1992, elevated CO(2) delayed bud burst in the spring and advanced bud set in the autumn. The effect of the open-top chamber on the thermal requirement for bud burst was greater than the effect of elevated CO(2) (50 and 30 day degrees (D(d)), respectively). In a second study, four clones of Sitka spruce taken from two provenances, at 43 and 54 degrees N, were fumigated with ambient or elevated CO(2). There was a large natural variation in the timing of bud burst and bud set among the clones. Elevated CO(2) had no effect on bud dormancy of the Skidegate a clone, but it reduced the growing season of the North Bend b clone by 20 days. In a third study, Sitka spruce seedlings growing in ambient or elevated CO(2), were supplied with one of three nutrient regimes, low (0.1 x potential), medium (0.5 x potential) or high (2.0 x potential), using a method and solution based on the Ingestad technique. Elevated CO(2) did not affect bud dormancy in the high-nutrient treatment, but it reduced the growing season of plants in the low-nutrient treatment by 22 days. Increasing plant nutrient supply lengthened the growing season, plants flushed earlier in the spring and set bud later in the autumn. The effects of elevated CO(2) plus a 0, 2 or 4 degrees C climatic warming on the timing of bud burst and the subsequent risk of frost damage were assessed using a simulation model and meteorological data from three sites, Edinburgh, Braemar and Masset. The model predicted that (i) doubling the CO(2) concentration in the absence of climatic warming, will delay the onset of bud burst at all three sites, (ii) climatic warming in ambient CO(2) will hasten bud burst and (iii) climatic warming in elevated CO(2) will hasten bud burst at Edinburgh and Braemar but to a lesser extent than climatic warming alone. At Masset, a 4 degrees C warming was required to advance the date of bud burst of seedlings in the elevated CO(2) treatment. At all three sites, elevated CO(2) and climatic warming increased the mean daily temperature on the date of bud burst, thus reducing the risk of subsequent frost damage.
When metaphors in the mind become metaphors in the mouth: Documenting the emergence of a new system of linguistic metaphors for time

Languages exhibit striking semantic diversity, but different languages often share core metaphors. Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980) claims that universal human experiences give rise to conceptual representations that are then expressed in language. But languages change slowly, making it difficult to observe implicit conceptualization affecting linguistic convention in real time. Here, we describe a shared conceptualization previously absent from speech that has now become conventionalized in linguistic metaphors. In two studies, we document how members of the US military talk about time using conventionalized ​lateral metaphors (e.g., ‘​push the meeting right’ to mean ‘​move the meeting later’​). We show that military members, unlike civilians, consider such sentences to be acceptable—sometimes even more acceptable than more standard phrases. Moreover, military personnel seem unaware that these lateral metaphors are specific to their linguistic sub-community. Our findings suggest that implicit mental representations can become conventionalized metaphors in language. Keywords​: ​time; metaphor; linguistic convention; semantic change
Ethical responsibilities of R&D organizations: networking business and society

This empirical research contributes to the understanding of how actions of networking companies are going beyond their networks picture and impact on society. For the structural analysis of this phenomenon the concept of ethical embeddedness is applied which assumes that business organizations are embedded in a broader social network and have mutual interconnection of their functions. The research proposes that embeddedness of businesses may be exemplified via ethicality of responsibilities that specific business actors employ. Therefore, the research adopts Industrial network approach to investigate ethical embeddedness of business organizations in society and their impact on its current and future development. The ? social face? of industrial markets has being extensively discussed in the works of K. Polanyi (e.g. 1968) who collaborated on the concept of social embeddedness of the economic interaction. Granovetter (1985) has developed this idea even further by emphasizing that companies interact in social environment and the social networking is not dividable form the business networks. The concept of ethical embeddedness is adopted for this study (Lindfelt & Tornroos, 2006) which can be explained as ethical values in relations to economic values that are created in a particular business network.Empirically, this framed as a case-study research is grounded on the interviewed representatives of RD the ethical value embedded in business activities and its impact on society and business partnership. Current interest to the ethical issues requires filling a research gap in lacking empirical evidences of ethical and, consequently, socially significant managerial practices executed in business networks that influence on general public good.
The statin-iron nexus: anti-inflammatory intervention for arterial disease prevention.

OBJECTIVES We postulated the existence of a statin-iron nexus by which statins improve cardiovascular disease outcomes at least partially by countering proinflammatory effects of excess iron stores. METHODS Using data from a clinical trial of iron (ferritin) reduction in advanced peripheral arterial disease, the Iron and Atherosclerosis Study, we compared effects of ferritin levels versus high-density lipoprotein to low-density lipoprotein ratios (both were randomization variables) on clinical outcomes in participants receiving and not receiving statins. RESULTS Statins increased high-density lipoprotein to low-density lipoprotein ratios and reduced ferritin levels by noninteracting mechanisms. Improved clinical outcomes were associated with lower ferritin levels but not with improved lipid status. CONCLUSIONS There are commonalities between the clinical benefits of statins and the maintenance of physiologic iron levels. Iron reduction may be a safe and low-cost alternative to statins.
New challenges for operation of systems with large renewable capacity

The increase in renewable energy sources in the Spanish peninsular system, along with the installation of other technologies represents a challenge due to the particularities of this type of technologies. Innovative solutions and new operation paradigms may be needed in order to cope with these challenges. Grid codes must incorporate new specifications for these technologies and demand management strategies must be incorporated in control centers in order to balance the system, maximize renewable production and maintain system security. Section III introduces the challenges for power systems with high renewable energy penetration during the occurrence of power system disturbances. Section IV introduces the problem of system balancing and the impact of renewable energy on matching generation and demand. Finally, section V discusses the actions and measures taken in the Spanish electrical system in order to integrate the maximum amount of renewable energy.
Activation of the General Stress Response of Bacillus subtilis by Visible Light

A key challenge for microbiology is to understand how evolution has shaped the wiring of regulatory networks. This is amplified by the paucity of information of power‐spectra of physicochemical stimuli to which microorganisms are exposed. Future studies of genome evolution, driven by altered stimulus regimes, will therefore require a versatile signal transduction system that allows accurate signal dosing. Here, we review the general stress response of Bacillus subtilis, and its upstream signal transduction network, as a candidate system. It can be activated by red and blue light, and by many additional stimuli. Signal integration therefore is an intricate function of this system. The blue‐light response is elicited via the photoreceptor YtvA, which forms an integral part of stressosomes, to activate expression of the stress regulon of B. subtilis. Signal transfer through this network can be assayed with reporter enzymes, while intermediate steps can be studied with live‐cell imaging of fluorescently tagged proteins. Different parts of this system have been studied in vitro, such that its computational modeling has made significant progress. One can directly relate the microscopic characteristics of YtvA with activation of the general stress regulon, making this system a very well‐suited system for network evolution studies.
Graft Selection in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Revision Surgery

Revision anterior cruciate ligament surgery can be very demanding. Graft selection for revision surgery is a pivotal part of this procedure. Often, the usual first choice of tissue is not available. Therefore, familiarity with alternative graft sources and understanding their advantages and disadvantages is imperative for the surgeon who does anterior cruciate ligament revision surgery. This study will review the advantages and disadvantages of each graft choice available to the surgeon for this procedure.
Clinical, Psychopathological and Personality Correlates of Interoceptive Awareness in Anorexia nervosa, Bulimia nervosa and Obesity

Objective: To determine the levels of interoceptive awareness (IA), which measures the ability of an individual to discriminate between sensations and feelings, and between the sensations of hunger and satiety, in eating disorder patients and to identify the clinical, psychopathological and personal variables correlated with IA. Sampling andMethods: Sixty-one restrictor anorectics, 61 binge-purging anorectics, 104 purging bulimics, 49 obese subjects with binge eating disorder (BED) and 47 obese subjects without BED were compared. They were assessed with the Eating Disorder Inventory-2, the Temperament and Character Inventory, and the Beck Depression Inventory, and their clinical and sociodemographic features were recorded. Results: In all patients, the levels of IA were higher than the ‘normal’ ones; in bulimia nervosa, they were higher than in anorexia nervosa and obesity. Similar personal features and eating attitudes are shared by patients with bulimia nervosa and BED. In the total sample, the following variables independently correlate with IA: the Beck Depression Inventory, self- directedness and persistence. Conclusions: The importance of an altered IA in eating disorders is supported. Both depression and a perfectionist and poorly self-directive personality can lead to greater difficulties in discriminating hunger and satiety.
Optimal Fair Division for Measures with Piecewise Linear Density Functions

A nonlinear programming method is used for finding an optimal fair division of the unit interval [0, 1) among n players. Preferences of players are described by nonatomic probability measures μ1,…,μn with piecewise linear (PWL) density functions. The presented algorithm can be applied for obtaining “almost” optimal fair divisions for measures with arbitrary density functions approximable by PWL functions. The number of cuts needed for obtaining such divisions is given.
Changes in the expression and protein level of matrix metalloproteinases after exposure to waterpipe tobacco smoke

Abstract Waterpipe smoking has become a worldwide epidemic with health consequences that only now are beginning to be understood fully. Because waterpipe use involves inhaling a large volume of toxicant-laden smoke that can cause inflammation, some health consequences may include inflammation-mediated lung injury. Excess matrix metalloproteinase expression is a key step in the etiology of toxicant exposure-driven inflammation and injury. In this study, changes in the level and mRNA of major matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, -9, and -12) in the lungs of mice following exposure to waterpipe smoke were investigated. Balb/c mice were exposed to waterpipe smoke for one hour daily, over a period of 2 or 8 weeks. Control mice were exposed to fresh air only. ELISA and real-time PCR techniques were used to determine the protein and mRNA levels of MMP-1, -9, and -12 in the lungs. Our findings showed that MMP-1, -9, and -12 levels in the lung significantly increased after both 2 (p < 0.05) and 8 weeks (p < 0.01) exposures. Similarly, RT-PCR findings showed that mRNA of those proteinases significantly increased following 2 (p < 0.01) and 8 weeks (p < 0.001) exposures. In conclusion, waterpipe smoking is associated strongly with lung injury as measured by elevation in the expression of MMPs in the lung tissue.
Pediatric craniocervical junction injuries.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to review pediatric craniocervical junction injuries in the context of embryology, developmental anatomy, and biomechanics. CONCLUSION The craniocervical junction is functionally and developmentally distinct from the rest of the spine, and mechanistic models often fail to explain these injuries. Various developmental features and complex anatomy likely contribute to injury in this region in children. Some of the injury patterns at the craniocervical junction in children are similar to adults, but many are unique.
Hfq‐dependent alterations of the transcriptome profile and effects on quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

The Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum‐sensing (QS) systems, Las and Rhl, control the production of several virulence factors and other proteins, which are important to sustain adverse conditions. A comparative transcriptome analysis of a rpoS – and a rpoS–hfq – strain indicated that the Sm‐like RNA‐binding protein Hfq affects approximately 5% of the P. aeruginosa O1 transcripts. Among these transcripts 72 were identified to be QS regulated. Expression studies revealed that Hfq does not control the master regulators of the Las system, LasR and LasI. Upon entry into stationary phase, Hfq exerted a moderate stimulatory effect on translation of the rhlR gene and on the qscR gene, encoding a LasR/RhlR homologue. However, Hfq considerably stimulated translation of the rhlI gene, encoding the synthetase of the autoinducer N‐Butyryl‐homoserine lactone (C4‐HSL). Correspondingly, the C4‐HSL levels were reduced in a hfq– strain. To elucidate the stimulatory effect of Hfq on rhlI expression we asked whether Hfq affects the stability of the regulatory RNAs RsmY and RsmZ, which have been implicated in sequestration of the translational repressor RsmA, which in turn is known to negatively regulate RhlI synthesis. We demonstrate that Hfq binds to and stabilizes the regulatory RNA RsmY, which is further shown to bind to the regulatory protein RsmA. A model for the Hfq regulatory network is presented, wherein an alleviation of the negative effect of RsmA accounts for the observed stimulation of rhlI expression by Hfq. The model is corroborated by the observation that a rsmY– mutant mimics the hfq – phenotype with regard to rhlI expression.
Understanding the continuance intention of knowledge sharing in online communities of practice through the post-knowledge-sharing evaluation processes

Web 2.0 creates a new world of collaboration. Many online communities of practice have provided a virtual Internet platform for members to create, collaborate, and contribute their expertise and knowledge. To date, we still do not fully understand how members evaluate their knowledge‐sharing experiences, and how these evaluations affect their decisions to continue sharing knowledge in online communities of practice. In this study, we examined why members continue to share knowledge in online communities of practice, through theorizing and empirically validating the factors and emergent mechanisms (post‐knowledge‐sharing evaluation processes) that drive continuance. Specifically, we theorized that members make judgments about their knowledge‐sharing behaviors by comparing their normative expectations of reciprocity and capability of helping other members with their actual experiences. We empirically tested our research model using an online survey of members of an online community of practice. Our results showed that when members found that they receive the reciprocity they expected, they will feel satisfied. Likewise, when they found that they can help other members as they expected, they will feel satisfied and their knowledge self‐efficacy will also be enhanced. Both satisfaction and knowledge self‐efficacy further affect their intention to continue sharing knowledge in an online community of practice. We expect this study will generate interest among researchers in this important area of research, and that the model proposed in this article will serve as a starting point for furthering our limited understanding of continuance behaviors in online communities of practice.