Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Social Media Use, Social Media Stress, and Sleep: Examining Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Relationships in Adolescents

ABSTRACT There are concerns that social media (SM) use and SM stress may disrupt sleep. However, evidence on both the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships is limited. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to address this gap in the literature by examining the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between SM use, SM stress, and sleep (i.e., sleep latency and daytime sleepiness) in adolescents. In total, 1,441 adolescents 11–15 years, 51% boys) filled out a survey in at least one of three waves that were three to four months apart (NWave1 = 1,241; NWave2 = 1,216; NWave3 = 1,103). Cross-sectionally, we found that SM use and SM stress were positively related to sleep latency and daytime sleepiness. However, when examined together, SM use was not a significant predictor of sleep latency and daytime sleepiness above the effects of SM stress. The longitudinal findings showed that SM stress was positively related to subsequent sleep latency and daytime sleepiness, but only among girls. Our findings stress that it is important to focus on how adolescents perceive and cope with their SM use, instead of focusing on the mere frequency of SM use.
Cell Separation Procedure Using Vicia Villosa

An animal that has previously encoun te red and reacted to antigen usually possesses an immune system poised to vigorously react to ano ther challenge of the same antigen. It is of ten the case, however, that the immune cells o f the pr imed animal are incapable o f funct ion when injected into an untreated, naive recipient. This barr ier to adoptive immune transfer first appears in mice a round 14 d o f age (1). I f the immune lymphocytes are injected by a subcutaneous route , a t emporary immunity may ensue (2). T r e a t m e n t of recipients with low doses of irradiation (3) or cyclophosphamide (Cy) (4-6) may allow successful transfer. In each case, it appears that effective adopt ive t ransfer of immunity requires that the recipient 's suppressor cell circuits be bypassed or curtailed. T h e ability o f adoptively t ransfer red immune cells to function in normal adult recipients, however, does not always require preparat ion o f the host. For example, lymphoid cells f rom contact-sensitized animals have been shown to effectively t ransfer delayed-type hypersensitivity upon intravenous injection into normal adult animals (7). In this paper we repor t exper iments designed to study immunoregula tory lymphocyte interactions that may account for the relative ease with which contact hypersensitivity can be adoptively transferred. T h e described interactions are related to previously repor ted immunoregula tory activities. These results are discussed in terms o f our unders tanding o f delayed-typed hypersensitivity and its regulation.
Adaptation of Learning Object Interface based on Learning Style

Learning styles (LS) refer to the ways and forms that the student prefers to learn in the teaching and learning process. Each student has their own way of receiving and processing information, and bearing in mind the learning style is important to better understand their individual preferences and to understand why certain teaching methods and techniques work better for some students, while for others they do not. We believe that knowledge of these styles enables the possibility of making propositions for teaching, thus reorganizing teaching methods and techniques in order to allow learning that is adapted to the individual needs of the student. This would be possible through the creation of online educational resources adapted to the style of the student. In this context, this article presents the structure of a learning object interface adaptation based on the learning style. This should enable the creation of the adapted learning object according to the student's learning style, contributing to the increase of student’s motivation in the use of a learning object as an educational resource.
A 5Gb/s transceiver with an ADC-based feedforward CDR and CMA adaptive equalizer in 65nm CMOS

A high bandwidth and a robust performance are demanded in the consumer market applications. An ADC-based transceiver satisfies these demands and enables power/area scaling with process [1,2]. We developed and tested a spread-spectrum-clocking (SSC) compliant 5-Gb/s transceiver in 65-nm CMOS. The receiver uses an ADC-based front-end that samples the incoming signal without adjusting the phase relation between the sampling clock and the signal, hence eliminating the need for phase control of the sampling clock (Fig. 8.7.1). The phase tracking of the incoming signal and the data decision are performed entirely in the numerical domain without generating physical sampling-clock phases. An adaptive digital FFE (feed-forward equalizer) compensates for a channel loss up to 15dB at 2.5 GHz, using an on-chip adaptation controller based on CMA (constant-modulus algorithm). The CDR operated with BER less than 1E-12 when the transmitter and receiver clock signals were independently SSC-modulated at a modulation frequency of 30 kHz with a frequency deviation of 0 to −5000ppm.
Use of an Online Community to Provide Support to Caregivers of People With Dementia

One challenge faced by many family members caring for persons with dementia is lack of information about how to take care of others and themselves. This is especially important for persons from ethnic minority groups, because linguistically and culturally appropriate information is often not available. In response to these needs, we developed a web site for Spanish-speaking caregivers. Cuidatecuidador.com provides bilingual information on dementia and caregiver issues. Content was developed and then evaluated by caregivers residing in 3 countries. Findings suggest trends that exposure to information may be related to a higher sense of mastery and a reduction of depressive symptomatology.
Phosphorylation of RIG-I by Casein Kinase II Inhibits Its Antiviral Response

ABSTRACT RIG-I is an intracellular RNA virus sensor that mediates a signaling pathway that triggers the alpha/beta interferon (IFN-α/β) immune defenses. However, the mechanism for regulation of RIG-I activity remains largely unknown. Here we show that RIG-I activity is regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in its repressor domain (RD). Threonine at amino acid (aa) 770 and serine at aa 854 to 855 of RIG-I are phosphorylated by casein kinase II (CK2) in the resting state of the cell and dephosphorylated when cells are infected by RNA virus. Mutation at aa position 770 or 854 to 855 of RIG-I renders it constitutively active. Pharmacological inhibition of CK2 enhances virus-induced expression of IFN-β and suppresses virus proliferation, while inhibition of phosphatase reduces virus-induced expression of IFN-β. Overexpression of CK2 suppresses RIG-I-mediated signaling, while silencing of CK2 results in the increased suppression of virus proliferation. Our results reveal a novel mechanism of the regulation of RIG-I activity during RNA virus infection.
Applying public participation GIS (PPGIS) to inform and manage visitor conflict along multi-use trails

ABSTRACT Managing visitor conflict is an important task in protected areas. This study used public participation GIS (PPGIS) mapping and a visitor survey to research conflicts between mountain bikers and horse riders, and other groups frequenting trails for tourism and recreation in national parks in northern Sydney (Australia). The goal was to evaluate the effectiveness of the PPGIS for determining conflict locations, and to integrate stated reasons and conflict resolution measures in a model. The survey showed that 42% of mountain bikers and 69% of horse riders had experienced conflicts, with each other, motorbike riders, walkers/hikers and dog walkers. PPGIS effectively mapped concurrent usage intensity to predict potential conflict locations over a reasonably large study area thereby identifying trails of the greatest concern. PPGIS also offered high-quality GIS visualisation options, and the novelty of the PPGIS increased participant engagement. We evaluated PPGIS compared to questionnaire-based surveying, direct visitor observations, GPS tracking, traffic counters and cameras. Because visitor conflict occurs within a spatial context, conflict management will require greater spatial knowledge of visitor activity, which can be obtained through the innovative PPGIS mapping. A conflict model is presented that integrates this study's empirical findings on conflict reasons and resolutions with existing conflict theory.
Association of Phosphofructokinase-M with Caveolin-3 in Differentiated Skeletal Myotubes

Caveolin-3 is a member of the caveolin family of proteins that is primarily expressed in striated muscle cell types (skeletal and cardiac). Here, we show that an ∼80-kDa protein specifically co-immunoprecipitates with caveolin-3 expressed in differentiated skeletal C2C12 myotubes. Microsequence analysis of this ∼80-kDa polypeptide revealed its identity as a key regulatory enzyme in the glycolytic pathway, namely phosphofructokinase-M (PFK-M). Pulse-chase experiments demonstrate that PFK-M associates with caveolin-3 with a significant time lag after the biosynthesis of PFK-M. In addition, we show that this interaction is (i) highly regulated by the extracellular concentration of glucose and (ii) can be stabilized by a number of relevant intracellular metabolites, such as fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, which are known allosteric activators of PFK. While the bulk of these experiments were performed in C2C12 cells, identical results were obtained using mouse skeletal muscle extracts. Taken together, our results suggest that glucose-dependent plasma membrane recruitment of activated PFK-M by caveolin-3 could have important implications for understanding the mechanisms that regulate energy metabolism in skeletal muscle fibers.
An On-Road Vehicle Detection Method for High-Resolution Aerial Images Based on Local and Global Structure Learning

With the continuous improvement of image resolution, details on aerial images provide abundant available information for vehicle detection. Nevertheless, traditional works mainly exploited the overall information of the vehicles ignoring the local details, such as front and rear windshields, and thus, there were usually more than 15% false alarms in the final vehicle detection results. In this letter, we propose a vehicle detection method making full use of high level details on aerial images. In the training stage, we choose front windshield samples to train a part detector and whole vehicle samples to train a root detector. In the matching stage, we first use the root detector to define an entire vehicle obtaining the root response, then the part detector is scanned in the root bounding box to decide a front windshield and get the part response. Afterward, the part response is transformed by setting weight w based on the part position offset. More importantly, contextual information is appropriately used in the process of determining the part position offset. Final detection score is the combination of root response and the transformed part response. We have demonstrated that the proposed method has achieved better performance with more than 6.43% increase of correct detection rate and more than 5.63% decrease of false detection rate compared with the state-of-the-art approaches.
Evaluation of orthodontic treatment results.

60 randomly selected cases from two orthodontic practices were analysed before treatment and after more than one year out of retention, using an index score system. Because of the small differences in score values, both before treatment and after treatment, between the two groups of cases making up the material, the 60 cases could be considered as one sample. The marked difference in the before and after treatment score values was an expression of the changes taking place during treatment. In 36 cases normal or near-normal occlusion was achieved, while in the remaining 24 cases a varying degree of improvement was observed. Despite several shortcomings, the index score system could be used as a method of quantifying the changes taking place during orthodontic treatment.
Validity of frozen section in sentinel lymph node biopsy for the staging in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma

The potential of avoiding a secondary surgery for therapeutic neck dissection (TND) by sentinel node (SN) positivity makes the intraoperative evaluation of SNs an attractive option. The aim of this study was to analyze accuracy of intraoperative frozen section (FS) for detection of occult metastases in a large single institutional patient cohort undergoing SN‐biopsy.
Successful Readministration of Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors to the Mouse Lung Requires Transient Immunosuppression during the Initial Exposure

ABSTRACT The airway is an important target for gene transfer to treat cystic fibrosis and other diseases that affect the lung. We previously found that marker gene expression did not persist in the bronchial epithelium following adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector administration to the rabbit lung. In an attempt to promote continued expression, we tested repeat vector administration, but no additional transduction was observed, and the block to transduction correlated with the appearance of neutralizing antibodies to the viral capsid. Here we show that mice exhibit a similar response but that treatment with anti-CD40 ligand antibody (MR1) and a soluble CTLA4-immunoglobulin fusion protein (CTLA4Ig) at the time of primary AAV vector exposure allowed successful repeat transduction and prevented production of neutralizing antibodies. We also tested the possibility that an immune response caused the loss of marker-positive cells in the epithelial population in rabbits by evaluating AAV vector expression in immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice. In contrast to results in rabbits, marker protein expression persisted in the lung in both groups of mice. AAV vector transduction occurred in alveolar cells, airway epithelial cells, and smooth muscle cells, and vector expression persisted for at least 8 months. Although data on persistence of AAV vector expression in the human lung are not available, it is likely that repeat transduction will be necessary either due to loss of expression or to the need for repeat administration to deliver effective amounts of AAV vectors. Results presented here indicate that transient immunosuppression will allow such repeat vector treatment of the lung.
Sequence homologies, N sequence insertion and JH gene utilization in VHDJH joining: implications for the joining mechanism and the ontogenetic timing of Ly1 B cell and B‐CLL progenitor generation.

Sequence analysis of rearranged VHDJH genes of B lineage cells from various stages of ontogeny indicates that short sequence homologies at the breakpoints of recombination contribute to V region gene assembly. Such homologies are regularly seen at DJH junctions of neonatal pre‐B cells, most of which do not contain N sequences. In the same cells, but not at later developmental stages, preferential usage of the JH1 element is observed. After birth, N sequence insertion increases with time and is always more prominent at the VHD border than the DJH border. In pre‐B cells from adult animals and in mature B cells, in cases where N sequences were not detectable, sequence homologies at the DJH border were found in only half of the instances. This lower incidence could be due to N sequence addition to one of the recombining DNA ends and/or cellular selection. Inspection of VHDJH junctions for N sequence insertion, sequence homologies at the DJH border and JH1 usage allows the estimation of the timepoint in ontogeny at which particular B cell subsets are seeded into the immune system. Specifically, the present data show that the cells of the Ly1 B cell subset are generated not only neonatally but also beyond the first weeks of life. However, the DJH junctions of the progenitors of chronic B cell leukemias which originate from the same B cell subset resemble those of neonatal pre‐B cells, suggesting that these cells have already undergone a transforming event at this early developmental stage.
Current research findings on end-of-life decision making among racially or ethnically diverse groups.

PURPOSE We reviewed the research literature on racial or ethnic diversity and end-of-life decision making in order to identify key findings and provide recommendations for future research. DESIGN AND METHODS We identified 33 empirical studies in which race or ethnicity was investigated as either a variable predicting treatment preferences or choices, where racial or ethnic groups were compared in their end-of-life decisions, or where the end-of-life decision making of a single minority group was studied in depth. We conducted a narrative review and identified four topical domains of study: advance directives; life support; disclosure and communication of diagnosis, prognosis, and preferences; and designation of primary decision makers. RESULTS Non-White racial or ethnic groups generally lacked knowledge of advance directives and were less likely than Whites to support advance directives. African Americans were consistently found to prefer the use of life support; Asians and Hispanics were more likely to prefer family-centered decision making than other racial or ethnic groups. Variations within groups existed and were related to cultural values, demographic characteristics, level of acculturation, and knowledge of end-of-life treatment options. Common methodological limitations of these studies were lack of theoretical framework, use of cross-sectional designs, convenience samples, and self-developed measurement scales. IMPLICATIONS Although the studies are limited by methodological concerns, identified differences in end-of-life decision-making preference and practice suggest that clinical care and policy should recognize the variety of values and preferences found among diverse racial or ethnic groups. Future research priorities are described to better inform clinicians and policy makers about ways to allow for more culturally sensitive approaches to end-of-life care.
Incorporating Sub‐National Brazilian Agricultural Production and Land‐Use into U.S. Biofuel Policy Evaluation

We estimate emissions from indirect land-use change associated with U.S. corn ethanol production by using the updated CARD/FAPRI global agricultural outlook model which incorporates sub-national landuse modeling in Brazil and endogenous crop yield-price relationships. Emissions estimates are 9.7-23.9 g CO2 per mega Joule (MJ−1) which is consistent with other estimates. We compare the results of the current model to the 2008 model version. Using the data from the 2016 model in the 2008 model results in emissions of 23.2-32.2 g CO2 MJ−1. The addition of detailed modelling in Brazil, e.g., doublecropping, reduced estimates considerably and highlights the importance of continuous improvements in global agricultural models.
Differentiation and Maturation of Astrocytes Derived from Neuroepithelial Progenitor Cells in Culture

Neuroepithelial progenitor cells from striata of adult mice develop into either astrocytes or neurons when cultured in the presence of epidermal growth factor (B. A. Reynolds, and S. Weiss, Science 255: 1707-1710, 1992). We instituted primary cultures of such progenitor cells from forebrains of newborn rat pups in an epidermal growth factor-containing medium free of serum in order to study the development of astrocytes in culture. At 4-6 days, primary cultures consisted of floating clusters of proliferating cells which expressed nestin, a marker for neuroepithelial progenitor cells, the ganglioside GD3, and vimentin. When clusters were transferred to polylysine-coated dishes, cells attached to the substrate and began to express antigens characteristic of particular differentiated neurons, astrocytes, or oligodendrocytes within 2 weeks. In 4- to 6-week-old secondary cultures, levels of vimentin expression appeared to decrease within maturing astrocytes which had increased levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein. These results suggest that multipotential epidermal growth factor-progenitor cells can give rise to both neurons and macroglia of the adult central nervous system, and that maturation of the astrocytes in vitro may be occurring in a pattern similar to that seen in vivo. Furthermore, no glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells expressed the A2B5 antigen in the same cell indicating an absence of type-2 astrocytes.
Investigating Team Coordination in Baseball Using a Novel Joint Decision Making Paradigm

A novel joint decision making paradigm for assessing team coordination was developed and tested using baseball infielders. Balls launched onto an infield at different trajectories were filmed using four video cameras that were each placed at one of the typical positions of the four infielders. Each participant viewed temporally occluded videos for one of the four positions and were asked to say either “ball” if they would attempt to field it or the name of the bag that they would cover. The evaluation of two experienced coaches was used to assign a group coordination score for each trajectory and group decision times were calculated. Thirty groups of 4 current college baseball players were: (i) teammates (players from same team/view from own position), (ii) non-teammates (players from different teams/view from own position), or (iii) scrambled teammates (players from same team/view not from own position). Teammates performed significantly better (i.e., faster and more coordinated decisions) than the other two groups, whereas scrambled teammates performed significantly better than non-teammates. These findings suggest that team coordination is achieved through both experience with one’s teammates’ responses to particular events (e.g., a ball hit up the middle) and one’s own general action capabilities (e.g., running speed). The sensitivity of our joint decision making paradigm to group makeup provides support for its use as a method for studying team coordination.
PUBLIC EDUCATION SPENDING AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: THE GOVERNANCE THRESHOLD EFFECT

This paper aims to give reason to the mixed result between the public education spending and growth found largely by the empirical works and to confirm the nonlinear character of this relationship. Using cross countries data averaged during the period 1980-2013, and the structural threshold regression method STR (Kourtellos et al,. 2015) to investigate the heterogeneous effects of the public education spending on growth considering governance indicators as threshold variable, we obtain evidence that this expenditure contributes positively to the economic performance only if the country is above the threshold level and presents good governance otherwise the effect is negative.
A similarity network approach for analyzing the marine microbial diversity

The microbes in the world's oceans are most abundant organisms on earth, playing an important role in the maintenance the balance of marine ecology. However, little knowledge of ecological interdependencies is known due to the limitation of current method for large-scale data and narrow surveys done for marine microbes while microbe exhibited significant inter-lineage associations naturally. Here we present a similarity network-based method to represent and analyze potential interactions among the marine microbes based on the 16S rRNA sequences. A set of parameters such as network degrees, short path, clustering coefficient and so on, are computed to characterize the similarity network topology. A few core sub networks (or network motifs) were found which show that microbe in the marine environment has a cluster propensity and evolutionary relatedness, meanwhile, the variable of network motif also indicated that the microbial diversity has a regional difference. These results show the network-based methods are effective for advance understanding the complexity and function of the marine microbial community after experiment technical.