Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance Evaluation of a Quasi-TM Mode Silicon Optical Modulator

This paper investigates the performance of a silicon Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) employing quasi-TM mode propagation. A comparison of the quasi-TM MZM with quasi-TE MZM shows better performance of the quasi-TM modulator. The quasi-TM PN phase shifter analysis, modulator transfer characteristics, traveling wave electrode design, and high-speed characteristics have been determined. The designed quasi-TM MZM can achieve 36 Gbps error-free operation at 4 Vpp driving voltage under 2 V reverse bias with non-return-to-zero on-off keying. The 3 dB modulation bandwidth of the designed quasi-TM traveling wave MZM is 20 GHz at -2 V.
A representational difference analysis and the identification of a fructose-specific phosphotransferase system of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

Brachyspira (B.) hyodysenteriae is the etiological agent of swine dysentery, a mucohaemorrhagic diarrhea causing significant economic losses. The pathogenesis of SD is still not fully understood. The hypothesis initiating this work was that the B. hyodysenteriae genome, in comparison to the other four Brachyspira species occuring in swine, possesses species-specific genes which might be responsible for its unique pathogenic properties. Based on this hypothesis a Representational Difference Analysis (RDA) was performed using B. hyodysenteriae B204 as 'tester' and the combined DNA from the reference strains of the other four Brachyspira species as 'driver'. Two B. hyodysenteriae-specific DNA fragments designated as BH100 and BH400 were identified; they hybridized to different locations on the genome of type strain B. hyodysenteriae B78T and are present in one copy only. Their species-specificity was confirmed by Southern blot analyses with Brachyspira ssp. reference strains and field isolates. One RDA fragment is part of a 2130 bp ORF designated as bhoA (B. hyodysenteriae orphan protein A). Database search revealed limited homology to sensor transduction kinases of Dictyostelium discoideum. Based on the second RDA fragment a putative fructose-specific phosphotransferase system (PTS) of B. hyodysenteriae was identified consisting of genes encoding a putative transcriptional repressor (fruR), PTS enzymes IIA (fruA) and IIBC (fruBC), and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (fbaA). Nucleotide sequence analysis reavealed direct repeats between the fruR and fruA genes which might serve as operator, and inverted repeats downstream of the fbaA gene possibly representing intrinsic transcriptional terminators. Western blot and Northern blot analyses revealed a fructose-induced upregulation of transcription and translation of the PTS genes fruA and fruBC, respectively, and a constitutive transcription and translation of the fruR gene. In addition, Northern blot analysis revealed several transcripts reacting with a fruBC-derived probe indicating a posttranscriptional processing of the polycistronic mRNA. In combination with the result of a primer extension analysis a negative regulation of the B. hyodysenteriae-specific PTS with posttranscriptional cleavage of the mRNA is proposed. A chemotaxis assay revealed chemotaxis of B. hyodysenteriae towards fructose. As PTSs are involved in positive chemotaxis towards carbohydrates, the fructose-specific PTS identified in B. hyodysenteriae might play a role in chemotaxis towards fructose; a potential role in pathogenesis of SD remains to be investigated.
Experiments and simulations on short chain fatty acid production in a colonic bacterial community

Understanding how production of specific metabolites by gut microbes is modulated by interactions with surrounding species and by environmental nutrient availability is an important open challenge in microbiome research. As part of this endeavor, this work explores interactions between F. prausnitzii, a major butyrate producer, and B. thetaiotaomicron, an acetate producer, under three different in vitro media conditions in monoculture and coculture. In silico Genome-scale dynamic flux balance analysis (dFBA) models of metabolism in the system using COMETS (Computation of Microbial Ecosystems in Time and Space) are also tested for explanatory, predictive and inferential power. Experimental findings indicate enhancement of butyrate production in coculture relative to F. prausnitzii monoculture but defy a simple model of monotonic increases in butyrate production as a function of acetate availability in the medium. Simulations recapitulate biomass production curves for monocultures and accurately predict the growth curve of coculture total biomass, using parameters learned from monocultures, suggesting that the model captures some aspects of how the two bacteria interact. However, a comparison of data and simulations for environmental acetate and butyrate changes suggest that the organisms adopt one of many possible metabolic strategies equivalent in terms of growth efficiency. Furthermore, the model seems not to capture subsequent shifts in metabolic activities observed experimentally under low-nutrient regimes. Some discrepancies can be explained by the multiplicity of possible fermentative states for F. prausnitzii. In general, these results provide valuable guidelines for design of future experiments aimed at better determining the mechanisms leading to enhanced butyrate in this ecosystem. Importance Studies associating butyrate levels with human colonic health have inspired research on therapeutic microbiota consortia that would optimize butyrate production if implanted in the human colon. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is commonly observed in human fecal samples and produces butyrate as a product of fermentation. Previous studies indicate that Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, also commonly found in human fecal samples, may enhance butyrate production in F. prausnitzi when the two species are co-localized. This possibility is investigated here under different environmental conditions using experimental methods paired with computer simulations of the whole metabolism of bacterial cells. Initial findings indicate that interactions between these two species result in enhanced butyrate production. However, results also paint a nuanced picture, suggesting the existence of a multiplicity of equivalently efficient metabolic strategies and complex interactions between acetate and butyrate production in these species that appear highly dependent on specific environmental conditions.
New Virus Infection Technology and Its Detection

Computer virus detection technology is an important basic security technology in the information age. The current detection technology has a high success rate for the detection of known viruses and known virus infection technologies, but the development of detection technology often lags behind the development of computer virus infection technology. Under Windows system, there are many kinds of file viruses, which change rapidly, and pose a continuous security threat to users. The research of new file virus infection technology can provide help for the development of virus detection technology. In this paper, a new virus infection technology based on dynamic binary analysis is proposed to execute file virus infection. Using the new virus infection technology, the infected executable file can be detected in the experimental environment. At the same time, this paper discusses the detection method of new virus infection technology. We hope to provide help for the development of virus detection technology from the perspective of virus design.
Robust fault-tolerant servo system against sensor failure and plant uncertainties

This paper concerns with a design of robust fault-tolerant servo systems against sensor failures and plant uncertainties. The method already exists which estimates sensor failures with disturbance observer, and, constitutes a fault-tolerant control system. In this method, generally the optimal regulator theory is used to design a controller. However, this approach is not easy to consider the robustness against plant uncertainties. In this paper, a method for designing a robust fault-tolerant controller is proposed. This method enables us to consider the robustness by applying H∞ control theory. The effectiveness of the proposed design procedure is demonstrated by a numerical example.
Wi-Fi Frame Classification and Feature Selection Analysis in Detecting Evil Twin Attack

Wi-Fi are mostly used components for connecting to the internet today. Nowadays Wi-Fi can be found in work, home or even in bus and train. While using internet with these access points, the connection between user and server is barely secure. Attackers can harvest data, as well as modify or drop data by impersonating himself as a legitimate access point. Also attacker can acquire the credentials of a legitimate access point from the users by impersonating himself as the legitimate access point and forcing the legitimate access point to be stopped for time being. This attack is known as Evil Twin attack. In this paper the traffics of both legitimate access point and rogue access point are analyzed. The detection is concluded with 91.2367% accuracy. Wi-fi frames of both APs are captured and features are extracted. Best 10 features are selected to increase the accuracy using chi-square test, information gain, gain ratio and tree based random forest. Several algorithms are used to classify the frames; among those J48 decision tree algorithm gives the highest accuracy.
Environmental effects on flying migrants revealed by radar

Migratory animals are affected by various factors during their journeys, and the study of animal movement by radars has been instrumental in revealing key influences of the environment on flying migrants. Radars enable the simultaneous tracking of many individuals of almost all sizes within the radar range during day and night, and under low visibility conditions. We review how atmospheric conditions, geographic features and human development affect the behavior of migrating insects and birds as recorded by radars. We focus on flight initiation and termination, as well as in-flight behavior that includes changes in animal flight direction, speed and altitude. We have identified several similarities and differences in the behavioral responses of aerial migrants including an overlooked similarity in the use of thermal updrafts by very small (e.g. aphids) and very large (e.g. vultures) migrants. We propose that many aerial migrants modulate their migratory flights in relation to the interaction between atmospheric conditions and geographic features. For example, aerial migrants that encounter crosswind may terminate their flight or continue their migration and may also drift or compensate for lateral displacement depending on their position (over land, near the coast or over sea). We propose several promising directions for future research, including the development and application of algorithms for tracking insects, bats and large aggregations of animals using weather radars. Additionally, an important contribution will be the spatial expansion of aeroecological radar studies to Africa, most of Asia and South America where no such studies have been undertaken. Quantifying the role of migrants in ecosystems and specifically estimating the number of departing birds from stopover sites using low-elevation radar scans is important for quantifying migrant–habitat relationships. This information, together with estimates of population demographics and migrant abundance, can help resolve the long-term dynamics of migrant populations facing large-scale environmental changes.
Energy-efficient UAV trajectory design for backscatter communication: A deep reinforcement learning approach

Recently, backscatter communication (BC) has been introduced as a green paradigm for Internet of Things (IoT). Meanwhile, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can serve as aerial base stations (BSs) to enhance the performance of BC system thanks to their high mobility and flexibility. In this paper, we investigate the problem of energy efficiency (EE) for an energy-limited backscatter communication (BC) network, where backscatter devices (BDs) on the ground harvest energy from the wireless signal of a flying rotary-wing quadrotor. Specifically, we first reformulate the EE optimization problem as a Markov decision process (MDP) and then propose a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm to design the UAV trajectory with the constraints of the BD scheduling, the power reflection coefficients, the transmission power, and the fairness among BDs. Simulation results show the proposed DRL algorithm achieves close-to-optimal performance and significant EE gains compared to the benchmark schemes.
Polarization-maintaining and Polarization-filtering Negative Curvature Hollow Core Fiber in THz Regime

A novel polarization-maintaining and polarization-filtering negative curvature hollow core (NC-HC) fiber in the THz regime is proposed in this paper. Two different transmission bandwidths of 0.42 THz and 0.21 THz with losses lower than 9 dB/m are attained for y- and x-polarization, respectively. The first and second transmission windows have the lowest loss of 1.5 dB/m at the frequency of 1.16 THz and 1.14 THz, respectively. Besides that, the proposed fiber has the birefringence higher than 10−4 in the entire operating range of frequencies. Furthermore, 0.22 THz and 0.11 THz filtering bandwidth are achieved for the attenuation of the x- and y-polarized mode, respectively. Moreover, the bending loss is as low as 11.69 dB/m for 15 cm bending radius. The results reveal the high potential of the proposed fiber for polarization-maintaining and polarization-filtering applications in the THz regime.
Research on Monitoring Networking and Information Collection Technology of Hazardous Chemicals Based on Converged Communication

In order to improve the ability of preventing and defusing the major safety risks of hazardous chemicals, strengthen the dynamic monitoring of hazardous chemicals, this paper studies the integration of OPC protocol, Modbus communication protocol and other multi-mode and multi-protocol information collection methods according to the production status of hazardous chemicals enterprises. The Internet of Things technology was fully used. This article combines information security and video intelligent analysis functions to achieve accurate, real-time, dynamic, and safe collection of video data, IoT data, system abnormal alarm data, and violation data in the entire process of hazardous chemical production and finally realize wide-area perception and smart monitoring.
Performance and Leakage Analysis of Si and Ge NWFETs Using a Combined Subband BTE and WKB Approach

We are the first to present a subband-BTE solver with a fully integrated source/drain-tunneling current calculation based on the WKB-approximation. The method is validated against ballistic NEGF calculations showing good agreement. An investigation of Si and Ge-based NWFETs is performed showing that intra-band source/drain-tunneling is not a concern for Si devices. For Ge-based PMOS devices however, tunneling leakage limits sensible $\mathrm{L}_{\mathrm{G}}-$scaling to around 20 nm.
Battery Management and Operation of a Wind-PV Based Microgrid

This paper deals with an integrated PV (Photovoltaic)-wind battery-based micro-grid with an improved multi-functional grid-side converter (GSC) control. This improved discrete three-stage reduced-order multiple integrator (ROMI) GSC control is used to maintain the reactive power into the grid as well as to maintain the dc-link voltage across the converter. Moreover, it improves power quality issues in different abnormal conditions. The rotor side converter (RSC) is used to provide the required amount of reactive power using the field-oriented control, for the wind power generator (WPG). A double fed induction generator (DFIG) is used as a WPG. The single-stage PV array and a battery with class-C chopper is connected to the common dc-link of the GSC. It extracts the maximum power from wind turbine in light load conditions. The tip speed ratio (TSR) algorithm is used to extract the maximum power from a wind turbine and the incremental conductance (INC) method is used to extract the maximum power from a PV array. According to the load demands at the micro-grid, the battery management works. A PV feed-forward term is added with the total active component of the GSC control, which damps out the dynamic changes into the system. The grid current THD is also maintained within 5% according to the IEEE standard. Simulated results show the performance of the microgrid in different conditions, such as speed changes from the cut-in to cut-out the speed of the wind turbine, load unbalancing condition, changes in PV insolation. The charging and discharging cycle of the battery is optimized using at battery management system (BMS) at different circumstances.
Engineering Service for the Distribution of Embedded Control Code in Automation Technology

In information technology, package managers such as npm or NuGet are popular and help to download desired software packages from a corresponding central storage. This view on the mechanism is a consumer perspective. The reverse process for suppliers to distribute packages is relevant as well, because it leads to effort. That could be remedied by an additional service. Especially in automation technology, programmable logic controller (PLC) engineers have different previous knowledge regarding information technology. The presented concept addresses the distribution of control code by an approach with an additional engineering service. This service is adaptable via an orchestration of single sub-services. The following implementation proves the technical feasibility. In conclusion, there are automatable processes for the distribution of control code to support PLC engineers in their developing activities.
Towards a new Test Case Prioritization Approach based on Fuzzy Clustering Analysis

Regression testing is used every time a change is taking place in the source code, various approaching for the test cases to be executed focusing on different criteria: from the maximization of faults and/or code coverage to minimization of time execution. Test Case Prioritization is one of such approaches that aim to optimize the execution order of test cases according to various criteria. However, many regression testing approaches use only code coverage criteria, few considered requirements.This paper aims to propose a fuzzy clustering approach with various metrics of the considered test cases, considering several aspects: faults, execution time, requirements covered by the test cases, and requirements dependencies. An in-depth analysis will follow to determine what are the best metrics to be used in the TCP. This will have a positive impact on the research community by identifying new perspectives to be considered for the TCP.
An Application Based Comparative Study of LPWAN Technologies for IoT Environment

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a prospect of communication that defines the framework of physical objects, embedded with sensors, programs, and other innovations for transferring data across the internet to other devices and networks. LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) has become a significant part for the implementation of a large-scale IoT paradigm. Recently, new protocols of LPWAN technologies have been introduced, such as LoRa, NB-IoT and Sigfox. They are considered as the leading protocols as they have wide range accessibility, low power consumption and highly cost-efficient in communication proficiency. Our major objective with this review paper is to furnish a descriptive and comparative survey of these technologies to emphasize the significance of LPWAN technology in the development and improvement of IoT based applications. Our focal point of study is to specialize the technical deviation of LPWAN protocols in terms of their features, which include pros and cons, architectural view of networking system and their applications in usage. This study shows the benefits of Sigfox and LoRa provides with long term battery life, efficient power usage, and low expense over NB-IoT. It also explains the advantages of NB-IoT in terms of latency and service quality (QoS). The whole study was done with to reach a conclusion where we ensure their best uses in different scenarios.
5 mm Range 61 GHz System on Chip EPC Gen2 RFID tag in 22nm FD-SOI Technology

A complete mm-Wave System-on-Chip RFID tag based on the backscattering principle is presented. It is designed to operate at a 5 mm range. On-chip CPW-fed slot antenna has -1 dBi gain and is conjugate matched to the analog frontend (AFE). The analog frontend provides 0.4V at -3 dBm input power, while the modulator enables -12 dB reflection coefficient. The chip is fabricated in 22 nm SOI process on 7 Ohm.cm substrate thinned to 150um. The baseband circuitry is designed to operate at 0.4 V to increase the communication range. Its 0.5 uW protocol machine is EPC Gen 2 standard compatible, includes cryptography features and OTP memory. In addition, a broad range of practical issues covered, that pop up when designing an RFID system at mm-waves.
Molecular-beam, mass-spectrometric studies of wood vapor and model compounds over HZSM-5 catalyst

Following research and development successes in the gasification of biomass the biomass component of DOE's Biofuels and Municipal Waste Technology Division program is emphasizing direct liquefaction processes to premium hydrocarbon fuels. The approach being explored at SERI involves an integrated, ambient-pressure process in which primary wood pyrolysis vapor is formed by fast pyrolysis and immediately passed over a shape-selective catalyst to remove oxygen as H/sub 2/O, CO, and CO/sub 2/. The authors report preliminary screening results on the behavior of wood pyrolysis vapor and model compounds when passed, at high dilution, over a sample of HZSM-5 supplied by the Mobil Corporation.
Evaluating The Ramping Trends And Noisy Fluctuations From Solar Power Imbalances

The variability in the actual solar production from its average for a dispatch interval may be significant during morning and evening ramps due to the diurnal nature of solar production. This variability needs to be assessed to design appropriate mechanisms to mitigate it. This paper discusses a framework to decompose imbalances introduced due to intra-dispatch interval variability into two components, considering the causes due to which they manifest. The framework is applied to actual field data of daily solar generation profiles for a year of 1- min resolution. Studies suggests that relatively slower component can be identified from the noisy fluctuations and should be handled separately so that the burden of the frequency regulation services will be relieved.
An Improved Control Strategy for Single-Phase Single-Stage Grid-Tied PV System With Current Reference MPPT Control

This paper presents a competent single-phase single-stage grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) power conditioning system (SSGPS) integrated with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and closed-loop current control scheme. The shortcoming of the conventional MPPT technique to track global power under varying environmental conditions is addressed by developing a simple and efficient current reference control (CRC) based MPPT technique. The CRC MPPT technique enables faster tracking of the global maximum power and the current controller injects pure sinusoidal current into the grid at unity power factor under transient conditions. PWM pulses for the inverter are generated using Hysteresis band controller (HBC). The viability of the control scheme for the SSGPS is validated with simulation and experimental analysis under dynamic test conditions. A real time implementation of the proposed system is carried out in National instruments (NI) LabVIEW environment.