Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Rhizobacterial Inoculants: The Formulation as Biofertilizer and Its Application on Chili Plants (Capsicum annum L.)

Aims: The use of rhizobacteri as biofertilizer may help plants in obtaining nutrients from soil. A consortium inoculant (coinoculant) consisting of nitrogen fixing and phosphate solubilizing bacteria is formulated to maintain its ability as booster of plant growth. This is easy to be stored and applied on plants. The aims of the study were to formulate rhizobacterial co-inoculant and its application on chili plants at greenhouse experiment. Methodology and results: Isolates of Burkholderia cepacia KD 2.10, Serratia marcescens KAHN 15.12, and Bacillus thuringiensis SAHA 12.12 which have the ability in fixing nitrogen and solubilizing phosphate were used in this study. The three isolates did not show antagonistic activity and hypersensitivity reaction on chili plant. Biofertilizer as carrier material with talc-based powder was mixed with three isolates. This 10 CFU/g cell population of rhizobacterial consortium could be maintained up to six months of storage. Based on result of completely randomized design (CRD) using two factorials and four replicates, application of rhizobacterial co-inoculant significantly affected plant height, number of leaves, flowering age, dry weight of upper plant and root, and root length of chili plant. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Rhizobacterial co-inoculant was effective as biofertilizer to improve the growth of chili plants and it reduced the use of chemical fertilizer.
Gender differences in mental simulation during sentence and word processing

Text comprehension requires readers to mentally simulate the described situation by reactivating previously acquired sensory and motor information from (episodic) memory. Drawing upon research demonstrating gender differences, favouring girls, in tasks involving episodic memory retrieval, the present study explores whether gender differences exist in mental simulation in children (Grades 4 to 6). In Experiment 1, 99 children performed a sentence–picture verification task measuring mental simulation at sentence level. In Experiment 2, 97 children completed a lexical decision task in which imageability of words was manipulated to measure mental simulation at word level. Only for girls we found faster reaction times for matching versus mismatching sentence–picture pairs (Experiment 1) and high-imageability versus low-imageability words (Experiment 2). The results suggest that girls construct more coherent and vivid mental simulations than boys and rely more heavily on these representations. The results emphasize the importance of including gender into reading comprehension research. [Correction added on 13 June 2016, after first online publication: The affiliation of author “Bjorn B. de Koning” was previously wrong and has been corrected in this current version. ]
Non-Compliance in Patients Receiving Haemodialysis: An In-Depth Review

Compliance in patients receiving renal haemodialysis has become an important issue as non-compliance with the primary treatment regime leads to complications and even death in patients already suffering from a chronic condition. The problem of non-compliance is particularly acute in patients from lower socio-economic groups [1, 2], in patients between 20 and 30 years of age, in females [2], and black patients [3]. Furthermore, patients who do not adequately comply with haemodialysis are less likely to receive kidney transplants. This is particularly true in women from black or lower socio-economic groups who are more likely not to complete the transplant selection process, and therefore, have higher rates of morbidity than those patients who do comply and receive a kidney transplant [3]. It has also been shown that patients identified as non-compliant with haemodialysis who did receive a kidney transplant were more likely to lose their graft or die after transplant [3]. Non-compliance commonly takes the form of missing or shortening haemodialysis sessions or failure to adhere to a medication regime [4]. Researchers have made little progress in identifying the influence of individual patient’s emotional, psychological and social factors leading to non-compliance. In this review, we have discussed methods for the diagnosis of non-compliance, factors associated with non-compliance and some new approaches to the treatment of non-compliance in patients receiving haemodialysis.
Establishment of a Statewide Network for Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Prevention in a Low-Incidence Region

Objective. To establish a statewide network to detect, control, and prevent the spread of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in a region with a low incidence of CRE infection. Design. Implementation of the Drug Resistant Organism Prevention and Coordinated Regional Epidemiology (DROP-CRE) Network. Setting and Participants. Oregon infection prevention and microbiology laboratory personnel, including 48 microbiology laboratories, 62 acute care facilities, and 140 long-term care facilities. Methods. The DROP-CRE working group, comprising representatives from academic institutions and public health, convened an interdisciplinary advisory committee to assist with planning and implementation of CRE epidemiology and control efforts. The working group established a statewide CRE definition and surveillance plan; increased the state laboratory capacity to perform the modified Hodge test and polymerase chain reaction for carbapenemases in real time; and administered surveys that assessed the needs and capabilities of Oregon infection prevention and laboratory personnel. Results of these inquiries informed CRE education and the response plan. Results. Of 60 CRE reported from November 2010 through April 2013, only 3 were identified as carbapenemase producers; the cases were not linked, and no secondary transmission was found. Microbiology laboratories, acute care facilities, and long-term care facilities reported lacking carbapenemase testing capability, reliable interfacility communication, and CRE awareness, respectively. Survey findings informed the creation of the Oregon CRE Toolkit, a state-specific CRE guide booklet. Conclusions. A regional epidemiology surveillance and response network has been implemented in Oregon in advance of widespread CRE transmission. Prospective surveillance will determine whether this collaborative approach will be successful at forestalling the emergence of this important healthcare-associated pathogen.
HOOD AND SUPERNUMERARY SPIKE DEVELOPMENT IN BARLEY'

The lemmas of Nepal barley {Hordeum vulgäre L. ) terminate in a trifurcated structure called a hood. The center lobe of the hood is an accessory flower having stamens and a pistil, but the lateral wings of the hood are only vegetative outgrowths of the margins of the lemma. When the hoods of mature spikes are examined, various degrees of development of the stamens and pistil can be found. Almost invariably the supernumerary florets of the hood are infertile, but Biffen {^y states that he has found fertile florets in the hood and has grown plants from the grain that they produced. Hooded barley was found, according to Harlan (4), in Nepal between the years 1830 and 1837. He believes that the hooded character probably originated as a mutation. Evidence supporting this assumption is based upon the discovery of a hooded mutant in the Fa of a cross of Everest X Manchuria, two awned varieties. If this hvpothesis is correct, the hooded character is an example of a dominant mutation. Biffen (^), Hor (6), and Robertson (8) made crosses between hooded and awned varieties. In crosses of hooded with awned varieties of barley they found that hooded was dominant to awned, and that segregation occurred in the F2 in the ratio of approximately 3 hooded to 1 awned. The hooded character in barley is of interest for another reason. Arber (1) states that the origin of accessory spikelets from the lemma is contrary to one of the dicta of formal morphology, which is that the power of producing lateral shoots is confined to axes. However, in the case of hooded barley, the spikelet, a modified shoot, is produced from the lemma, a modified leaf. A morphological study of the development of hooded barley is of interest from two standpoints. By studying the morphological development of the hood, it is possible, so far as external appearances will permit, to determine when the genes responsible for the development of the character begin to produce their effects, and to see what changes the genes produce. Furthermore, according to Arber (i), some morphologists have questioned whether the accessory flower actually does arise from the lemma as its axis. By following the developmental sequence a better idea can be obtained of the points of origin and parts initiated than can be obtained by studying the mature parts. This is because many times parts are initiated that never complete development and in the beginning of development the surrounding parts are not large enough to hide the point of origin of the parts being studied.
THE USE OF TRIFLUOPERAZINE IN GERIATRIC PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC BRAIN SYNDROME *

Chronic brain syndrome with psychosis is the most common diagnosis in cases of mentally ill older patients who require hospital care (1). These patients present serious and complex problems to hospitals organized for the treatment of the general psychiatric patient. In addition to deterioration of mental capacity, emotional instability and aberrant behavior, patients with organic psychoseg are usually burdened by severe cardiovascular, neurologic and renal disturbances. Their treatment is often retarded by the fatalistic attitude of many relatives and some hospital personnel, who believe that any form of treatment will merely prolong life and drag out a miserable existence, with death as a relief. Nursing care must be so detailed, repetitive and personal that hospital personnel are reluctant to care for the brain-damaged person, regarding such work as L'dirty" and unrewarding. Psychiatric-geriatric patients also exhibit decreased tolerance to drugs, so that small amounts tend to produce confusion, disorientation and somatic complications. Initially, the determining etiologic factor in chronic brain syndrome was thought to be structural pathologic changes in the brain tissue. The current concept is that the manifestations are an end-state in a long process which not only includes certain tissue alterations but the effects of psychologic stresses and social problems which affect the aged population (2, 3). Psychoses in the aged may be an outgrowth of longstanding personality difficulties. As long as their physiologic status is intact, these patients make a tenuous adjustment. When the aging process strains their adaptive mechanisms to such a degree that their mental equilibrium is disturbed, the result is a psychosis with the clinical characteristics of chronic brain syndrome. Psychoses develop in aged patients in relation to emotional stress, such as separation from or death of a spouse, the break-up of the home, or lack of employment. The isolation and meaningless existence which so often characterize old age may be a potent precipitating factor. Psychoses also develop in relation to stresses of a somatic or
Imazamox control of invasive Japanese eelgrass ( Zostera japonica ) : Efficacy and nontarget impacts

The nonnative eelgrass, Japanese eelgrass (Zostera japonica Asch. & Graebn) has infested several West Coast estuaries in North America. In Willapa Bay, WA, coverage has expanded enough to result in deleterious impacts on commercial shellfish production. Research on foliar and subsurface applications of the herbicide imazamox was conducted using replicated field trials to assess the efficacy for control of Japanese eelgrass and potential nontarget effects to the native eelgrass, (Zostera marina L.) and several macroalgae species. Foliar applications of imazamox controlled established Japanese eelgrass with or without surfactant, across a range of rates, from 0.03 to 0.84 kg ai ha . Control of Japanese eelgrass seedlings was obtained with rates as low as 0.02 kg ai ha 1 imazamox. Best efficacy was obtained when tidal waters fully drained off the site, and the eelgrass canopy was dry. When Japanese eelgrass had a thin, protective layer of tidal water over it, rates of imazamox as high as 0.56 kg ai ha 1 were required for more consistent control. A foliar application of imazamox at 0.14 kg ai ha 1 killed the native eelgrass, whereas a rate of 0.84 kg ai ha 1 had no effect on macroalgae. Damage to native eelgrass was minimized when the canopy was protected in the water column. An in-water exposure of , 90 lg ai L 1 imazamox for 2 to 3 h had no observed effect on native eelgrass. Movement of imazamox off-site in the water column during the receding or flood tides after treatment was minimal, with a resulting dose and exposure time below what was required to markedly affect nontarget eelgrass.
Network traffic classification using a random field model

The accurate identification of the different protocols used by various applications plays an important role in many network management and monitoring tasks. However, the development of emerging applications and the evolution of existing applications have made the early success of port number or payload signature based classification methods no longer repeatable. On the other hand, machine learning based approaches have achieved steady progress in classification accuracy, with the statistical features extracted from packets and flows. In this paper, by introducing a Markov random field to model the semantics of network application protocols, we investigate a new approach to classifying network traffic into application protocols. First the packets in a flow are aggregated into messages that contain the related semantics information. We assume that the simple message features like the length and the direction of a message are observable, while the semantics of messages are invisible in both training and test phases. Tested with traffic traces collected from heterogeneous sources, this approach was demonstrated to be able to deliver good accuracy and speed.
Comparative study of three flexiVent system configurations using mechanical test loads

ABSTRACT The sole commercial system currently employing the forced oscillation technique (FOT) in small laboratory animals (flexiVent; SCIREQ Inc., Canada) was recently redesigned along with its operating software. Yet, many users still work with the legacy version or a mixed configuration. This study aimed to compare result accuracy and precision between three flexiVent system configurations and to quantify the impact of configuration changes on measured parameters. Physiologically relevant resistance or elastance were measured at 2.5 Hz on the following three system configurations using characterized mechanical test loads: (i) legacy flexiVent—flexiVent v5.3. 4 (Leg-fV5), (ii) legacy flexiVent—flexiWare v7.2. 1 (Leg-fW7), and (iii) flexiVent FX—flexiWare v7.2. 1 (FX-fW7). Results demonstrated measurements of high precision that were consistent between system configurations. There was no statistical difference between system configurations in terms of measuring a predicted resistance. Measurements of elastance, on the other hand, were configuration-sensitive with FX-fW7 generating values that were closer to theoretical ones than the other two configurations. The largest impact on measurement outcomes was associated with the most noteworthy configuration change (i.e., software and hardware replacement). This effect was however constrained, with variations in the order of 3–5%, approximately. In conclusion, the latest version of the sole commercial pre-clinical FOT system currently available generated results that were equivalent or better than those acquired with two other system configurations. Given that configuration changes were associated with subtle parameter differences, best practice would recommend consistency within a study and reporting the full details of the system used.
Biofilm Adhesiveness is a Reliable Proxy for the Effect Assessment of Silver Nanoparticles on the Functionality of Freshwater Biofilms

A sediment mesocosm was used for the cultivation of complex lotic biofilms under controlled natural-like conditions. The matured biofilms were exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) characterized by a variety of state of the art technologies. The aim of this study was to address the ecotoxicological damage potential of this exposure for the benthic biofilm system and associated ecosystem functions. Microbial biomass (bacteria and algae) as well as colloidal EPS protein and carbohydrate contents were assessed for a period of 18 days after the treatment. None of these parameters displayed a significant development or differences between exposed and control biofilms. However, the assessment of biofilm adhesiveness using the Mag-PI system showed highly significant effects of the exposure and was a reliable proxy for the non-lethal impact of AgNPs on the biofilm functionality. This complex sum parameter constitutes a result of various in parts still unraveled interactions within the biofilm matrix. It is precisely for this reason why The Measurement of Biofilm Adhesiveness using MagPI has to be integrated in the ecotoxicological tool box as a direct in situ method for the assessment of effects on biofilm structure and stability to influence the functionality of the overall benthic ecosystem.
Prevalence and etiology of subclinical mastitis in Awassi dairy ewes in southern Turkey

In order to study the prevalence and etiology of subclinical mastitis a bacteriological survey on 16 Awassi dairy sheep flocks in southern Turkey was conducted. A total of 1458 milk samples from 729 Awassi ewes in mid-lactation were tested with the California mastitis test (CMT). Samples from 170 (11.7%) glands and 135 (18.5%) sheep had positive CMT results. Bacteria were isolated from 93 (6.4%) udder halves and 82 (11.2%) ewes. Positive CMT and bacteriological results were combined to define subclinical mastitis. The prevalence of subclinical mastitis and positive CMT samples among the different flocks ranged from 1.9% to 11.5% and 2.8% to 21.9% of the glands, and 3.8% to 19% and 5.7% to 31.3% of the ewes, respectively, with averages of 6.4% and 11.7% of the glands, and 11.2% and 18.5% of the ewes, respectively. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were the most prevalent bacteria, representing 76.5% of the isolates. Staphylococcus epidermidis (35.7%) was the most prevalent species, followed by Staphylococcus xylosus (10.2%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (10.2%), Staphylococcus warneri (9.2%), and Staphylococcus intermedius (7.1%). Antimicrobial susceptibility of 78 Staphylococcus isolates was evaluated in this study. The most effective antibiotics were cephalothin (97.4%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (97.4%), amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (97.4%), enrofloxacin (94.9%), gentamycin (92.3%), and erythromycin (84.6%). The relationship between CMT +1 score and the Staphylococcus spp. isolation rate was statistically significant (P < 0.001). It was concluded that subclinical mastitis is not highly prevalent and it does not pose a significant health problem for milking Awassi sheep flocks in southern Turkey.
1 Enhanced protection of biological membranes during 2 lipid peroxidation . Study of the interactions between 3 flavonoid loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles 4 and model cell membranes . 5 6

Flavonoids, polyphenols with anti-oxidative activity have high potential as novel 13 therapeutics for neurodegenerative disease, but their applicability is rendered by their poor water 14 solubility and chemical instability under physiological conditions. In this study, this is overcome by 15 delivering flavonoids to model cell membranes (unsaturated DOPC) using prepared and 16 characterized biodegradable mesoporous silica nanoparticles, MSNs. Quercetin, myricetin and 17 myricitrin have been investigated in order to determine the relationship between flavonoid 18 structure and protective activity towards oxidative stress i.e. lipid peroxidation induced by addition 19 of hydrogen peroxide and/or Cu2+ ions. Among investigated flavonoids, quercetin showed the most 20 enhanced and prolonged protective anti-oxidative activity. The nanomechanical (Young modulus) 21 measurement of the MSNs treated DOPC membranes during lipid peroxidation confirmed 22 attenuated membrane damage. By applying combination of experimental techniques (AFM, force 23 spectroscopy, ELS, DLS), this work generated detailed knowledge about the effects of flavonoid 24 loaded MSNs on the elasticity of model membranes, especially under oxidative stress conditions. 25 Results from this study will pave the way towards the development of innovative and improved 26 markers for oxidative stress-associated neurological disorders. In addition, the obtained could be 27 extended to designing effective delivery systems of other high potential bioactive molecules with 28 an aim to improve human health in general. 29
The scaffold protein MUPP1 regulates odorant-mediated signaling in olfactory sensory neurons

ABSTRACT The olfactory signal transduction cascade transforms odor information into electrical signals by a cAMP-based amplification mechanism. The mechanisms underlying the very precise temporal and spatial organization of the relevant signaling components remains poorly understood. Here, we identify, using co-immunoprecipitation experiments, a macromolecular assembly of signal transduction components in mouse olfactory neurons, organized through MUPP1. Disruption of the PDZ signaling complex, through use of an inhibitory peptide, strongly impaired odor responses and changed the activation kinetics of olfactory sensory neurons. In addition, our experiments demonstrate that termination of the response is dependent on PDZ-based scaffolding. These findings provide new insights into the functional organization, and regulation, of olfactory signal transduction.
A New Integration Model to Evaluate Strategic Performance of Supply Chain

Nowadays, Supply Chain Management (SCM) is one of the most important and complex issues for automakers in the world. The main objectives of this research were to investigate the factors that predict strategic performance of supply chain by doing quantitative research at Iran Khodro Company (IKCO) in Iran. Based on supply chain theories, strategic performance of supply chain was predicted by Information Technology (IT), Organizational Learning (OL), and Product Innovation (PRI) in our research at the first time in an automotive company. Stratified random sampling was used to determine the sample size. Accordingly, 250 questionnaires were distributed among experts and supply chain specialists at IKCO. According to Supplying Automotive Parts Company (SPSC) variable as the main dependent variable, Path Analysis (PA) technique was used to explore casual relationships among variables using multiple regression analysis in SPSS. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was utilized based on Maximum Likelihood (ML) analysis of normality, outliers, composite reliability, and validity to test hypotheses by using AMOS. PA, measurement model, and structural model were analyzed in order to examine the conceptual model. The results from multiple regression, path analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were same. Thus, all hypotheses were supported by SPSS and SEM analyses. The findings of the study are discussed in detail.