Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Simple Approach to Learn Polysemous Word Embeddings

Many NLP applications require disambiguating polysemous words. Existing methods that learn polysemous word vector representations involve first detecting various senses and optimizing the sense-specific embeddings separately, which are invariably more involved than single sense learning methods such as word2vec. Evaluating these methods is also problematic, as rigorous quantitative evaluations in this space is limited, especially when compared with single-sense embeddings. In this paper, we propose a simple method to learn a word representation, given any context. Our method only requires learning the usual single sense representation, and coefficients that can be learnt via a single pass over the data. We propose several new test sets for evaluating word sense induction, relevance detection, and contextual word similarity, significantly supplementing the currently available tests. Results on these and other tests show that while our method is embarrassingly simple, it achieves excellent results when compared to the state of the art models for unsupervised polysemous word representation learning.
Data containers for relation based visualisation

Illustrates the application of a 3D multiple dataset visualisation tool to a small relational database. The system itself is built around the concept of data containers. These are dynamic regions in 3D space which provide the ability to view multiple datasets using alternate visual paradigms in a dynamic visual querying environment. This system therefore proposes a technique for the exploration of databases through the use of a navigable 3D space. Key concepts under demonstration include multiple dataset visualisation, nesting of alternate visual representations and zooming of detail through the use of aggregates. It is also shown how the containers may be used to develop query chains and to construct meaningful 3D representations of dataset collections.
Resource utilization in cancer patients with bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw (BONJ) is an emerging oral complication that occurs most commonly in the setting of high-dose bisphosphonate therapy for cancer. The purpose of this study was to estimate the health care-related costs associated with a diagnosis of BONJ in patients with cancer evaluated and managed at one tertiary oral medicine practice. METHODS This was a retrospective electronic medical record review of cancer patients with BONJ. All health care-related resources were abstracted using a structured chart abstraction tool; data captured included medications, imaging studies, laboratory investigations, procedures, and visits. Standardized references were used to assign costs in 2010 US dollars. RESULTS Ninety-two cancer patients with BONJ were identified who were followed for a median of 12 months. The median cost of a case of BONJ was $1667 (interquartile range from $976 to $3350). Medication costs comprised the majority (42%) of the total costs, followed by procedural interventions (22%), clinic visits (19.5%), and imaging studies (13.8%). Patient factors associated with higher median costs included a greater number of involved oral quadrants and more advanced BONJ stage. CONCLUSION There are considerable costs associated with the diagnosis and management of BONJ in patients with cancer, with medications accounting for nearly half of resource expenditures.
Neighbourhood renewal in Cape Town’s inner city: Is it gentrification?

In hierdie navorsing word die stedelike vernuwing wat in die sentrale woonbuurtes van Kaapstad plaasgevind het, ondersoek. Ses woonbuurtes is geidentifiseer as potensiele gentrifikasie-areas. Data in verband met die woonbuurt en behuisingskenmerke, asook persoonlike en sosiale eienskappe van die inwoners, is verkry met behulp van ‘n 10 % sistematiese steekproef. Uit ‘n voorlopige ondersoek, waarin die verskillende veranderlikes afsonderlik hanteer is, was dit duidelik dat sommige areas meer met internasionale bevindinge oor gentrifikasie ooreengestem het as ander. ‘n Gentrifikasieprofiel is vervolgens vir Kaapstad saamgestel met behulp van diskriminantanalise. Hieruit was dit duidelik dat persoonlike eienskappe soos kwalifikasie, beroep, inkomste en gesinsgrootte, die vernaamste veranderlikes was wat onderskei het tussen persone in hierdie woonbuurtes wat hulle wooneenhede restoreer en die wat dit nie doen nie. Sosiale eienskappe wat ‘n rol gespeel het, was kontak met bure en kollegas, en die ligging van winkels waar klere gekoop word. Veranderlikes wat met die eiendom verband hou en wat ‘n belangrike rol gespeel het, was die toestand van die wooneenheid in die verlede en tans, eienaarskap en die aantal slaapkamers. Met behulp van hierdie veranderlikes was dit moontlik om ‘n gentrifikasiemodel vir Kaapstad op te stel waarteen die ses woonbuurtes getoets kon word om te bepaal of die woonbuurtvernuwing wat daar voorkom wel as gentrifikasie geklassifiseer kan word.
A novel environmental chamber for neuronal network multisite recordings

Environmental stability is a critical issue for neuronal networks in vitro. Hence, the ability to control the physical and chemical environment of cell cultures during electrophysiological measurements is an important requirement in the experimental design. In this work, we describe the development and the experimental verification of a closed chamber for multisite electrophysiology and optical monitoring. The chamber provides stable temperature, pH and humidity and guarantees cell viability comparable to standard incubators. Besides, it integrates the electronics for long‐term neuronal activity recording. The system is portable and adaptable for multiple network housings, which allows performing parallel experiments in the same environment. Our results show that this device can be a solution for long‐term electrophysiology, for dual network experiments and for coupled optical and electrical measurements. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2012; 109: 2553–2566. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
NULL Convention Logic/sup TM/: a complete and consistent logic for asynchronous digital circuit synthesis

NULL Convention Logic (NCL) is a symbolically complete logic which expresses process completely in terms of the logic itself and inherently and conveniently expresses asynchronous digital circuits. The traditional form of Boolean logic is not symbolically complete in the sense that it requires the participation of a fundamentally different form of expression, time in the form of the clock, which has to be very carefully coordinated with the logic part of the expression to completely and effectively express a process. We introduce NULL Convention Logic in relation to Boolean logic as a four value logic, and as a three value logic and finally as two value logic quite different from traditional Boolean logic. We then show how systems can be constructed entirely in terms of NULL Convention Logic.
Diferencias individuales de los desempleados y constructos motivacionales: una relación de interdependencia predictora del desempleo estructural

El presente trabajo contribuye a explicar el "Desempleo Estructural" o "Paro de Larga Duracion", analizando la relacion entre las diferencias individuales de los desempleados (edad, sexo, tiempo en desempleo, nivel academico y experiencia profesional) y dos de los constructos motivacionales que mejor comportamiento han demostrado a la hora de predecir el desarrollo de conductas de busqueda y la insercion profesional: las Expectativas (Exito, Autoeficacia y Locus de Control) y los Condicionamientos Sociofamiliares (Centralidad del Empleo y Limitaciones). La muestra estaba formada por 404 demandantes inscritos en las oficinas del Servicio Andaluz de Empleo (SAE) de la provincia de Jaen. Los resultados confirman, que las diferencias individuales intervienen modulando las actitudes y motivacion hacia el trabajo. Definiendose, entre los desempleados, unos colectivos que comparten unas bajas expectativas de encontrar empleo y/o unos menores compromisos hacia el mismo, colectivos estos, que coinciden con los que integran el denominado: "Desempleo Estructural". Estas conclusiones suponen un apoyo a las tesis del Construccionismo Social y refuerzan, empiricamente, algunas de las medidas puestas en marcha desde las instituciones europeas, planteando la necesidad de una intervencion psicosocial, como medida eficaz, para luchar contra el desempleo de larga duracion y la desigualdad de oportunidades en el acceso a un trabajo, perfectamente desarrollable, dentro del marco de actuacion de las acciones de Orientacion Profesional como Politica Activa de Empleo.
3D Face Pose Tracking using Low Quality Depth Cameras

This paper presents a new method for 3D face pose tracking in color image and depth data acquired by RGB-D (i.e., color and depth) cameras (e.g., Microsoft Kinect, Canesta, etc.). The method is based on a particle filter formalism. Its main contribution lies in the combination of depth and image data to face the poor signal-tonoise ratio of low quality RGB-D cameras. Moreover, we consider a visibility constraint to handle partial occlusions of the face. We demonstrate the accuracy and the robustness of our method by performing a set of experiments on the Biwi Kinect head pose database.
Nutritional OUtcomes from a Randomised Investigation of Intradialytic oral nutritional Supplements in patients receiving Haemodialysis : a pilot randomised controlled trial

Background: The study was done to assess the feasibility of conducting a trial evaluating the use of an intradialytic oral nutritional supplement (ONS) on nutritional status. Methods: The study design is a single centre, parallel group, external pilot randomised controlled trial (RCT). The setting was at a haemodialysis unit in Sheffield, UK. The aim was to recruit 30 trial participants to allow at least 12 evaluable patients per arm, but the actual study sample consisted of 10 adults with a body mass index (BMI) ≤22 kg/m, receiving thrice weekly haemodialysis. All participants received nutritional advice from a renal dietitian as per usual practice. The intervention included the provision of an intradialytic ONS. Feasibility outcomes included recruitment to time and retention of participants along with palatability of ONS. Secondary outcomes were clinical parameters to obtain variance and estimates of effect size to inform the sample size calculation for a definitive trial. Results: Recruitment was undertaken for a fixed period of 6 weeks. Rates were lower than expected mainly due to ineligibility with only 7% of screened patients (19/265) being eligible and 4% (10/265) of these being recruited. Due to the small proportion of patients eligible for the trial, all haemodialysis patients at the specified unit were assessed for eligibility. Data completion rates were low for session questionnaires (23%). Sample sizes derived from variance in secondary outcome measure of handgrip strength and adjusted for a dropout rate of 20% indicate that 189 patients would be required for a definitive RCT, requiring 19 UK haemodialysis units to participate. Conclusions: A definitive RCT is feasible with some adaptation to exclusion criteria and methodology. The exclusion criteria could be adapted to include an increase in upper limit for BMI. The use of questionnaires at each dialysis session may not be feasible but the inclusion of appetite and supplement consumption data collection at the main assessments would provide similar outcome data. Quality of life assessment using SF-12 would be acceptable. Trial registration: ISRCTN37431579.
A case‐control study on hormone therapy as a risk factor for breast cancer in Finland: Intrauterine system carries a risk as well

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) and the risk for breast cancer in recently postmenopausal Finnish women. All Finnish women with first invasive breast cancer diagnosed between the ages of 50 and 62 years during 1995–2007 (n = 9,956) were identified from the Finnish Cancer Registry. For each case, 3 controls of the same age were retrieved from the Finnish Population Register. The cases and controls were linked to the national medical reimbursement register to assess the use of HT. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for breast cancer were calculated with conditional logistic regression analysis, adjusting for parity, age at the first birth and health care district. Estradiol‐only therapy (991 users with breast cancer, n) or oral progestagen (n = 138) was not accompanied by an increased risk. Estradiol‐progestagen therapy (EPT) (n = 1,731) was associated with an elevated risk in the whole series (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.27–1.46). The risk became detectable in less than 3 years of use. Continuous EPT use tended to be associated with a higher risk for breast cancer than the sequential EPT use. The use of tibolone (n = 80) (1.36; 1.15–1.96), a levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system (LNG–IUS) alone (n = 154) (1.45; 1.97–1.77) or as a complement to estradiol (n = 137) (2.15; 1.72–2.68) was also associated with an increased risk. The association between HT use and the risk for breast cancer shows a large variation between various forms of HT, and also the use of LNG‐IUS may carry a risk.
Archaeopteryx feathers and bone chemistry fully revealed via synchrotron imaging

Evolution of flight in maniraptoran dinosaurs is marked by the acquisition of distinct avian characters, such as feathers, as seen in Archaeopteryx from the Solnhofen limestone. These rare fossils were pivotal in confirming the dinosauria-avian lineage. One of the key derived avian characters is the possession of feathers, details of which were remarkably preserved in the Lagerstätte environment. These structures were previously simply assumed to be impressions; however, a detailed chemical analysis has, until now, never been completed on any Archaeopteryx specimen. Here we present chemical imaging via synchrotron rapid scanning X-ray fluorescence (SRS-XRF) of the Thermopolis Archaeopteryx, which shows that portions of the feathers are not impressions but are in fact remnant body fossil structures, maintaining elemental compositions that are completely different from the embedding geological matrix. Our results indicate phosphorous and sulfur retention in soft tissue as well as trace metal (Zn and Cu) retention in bone. Other previously unknown chemical details of Archaeopteryx are also revealed in this study including: bone chemistry, taphonomy (fossilization process), and curation artifacts. SRS-XRF represents a major advancement in the study of the life chemistry and fossilization processes of Archaeopteryx and other extinct organisms because it is now practical to image the chemistry of large specimens rapidly at concentration levels of parts per million. This technique has wider application to the archaeological, forensic, and biological sciences, enabling the mapping of “unseen” compounds critical to understanding biological structures, modes of preservation, and environmental context.
Two Categorical Stages of Object Recognition

Visual object recognition was investigated in a group of eighty-one patients with right- or left-hemisphere lesions. Two tasks were used, one maximizing perceptual categorization by physical identity, the other maximizing semantic categorization by functional identity. The right-hemisphere group showed impairment on the perceptual categorization task and the left-hemisphere group were impaired on the semantic categorization task. The findings are discussed in terms of categorical stages of object recognition. A tentative model of their cerebral organization is suggested.
NORMAS DE BEM-ESTAR PARA SUÍNOS SUBMETIDOS A SISTEMA INTENSIVO DE PRODUÇÃO / WELFARE NORMS FOR SWINE PRODUCTION UNDER INTENSIVE REARING SYSTEM

O bem-estar animal e hoje uma das mais importantes barreiras nao-tarifarias do comercio internacional de proteina animal. A Uniao Europeia, junto com os Estados Unidos da America e a Australia sao importantes exportadores de carne suina. As condicoes de alojamento variam entre os paises, pois depende do clima, assim como o transporte desses animais tambem e distinto em cada parte do mundo. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo descrever um cenario a respeito das exigencias legais, determinada pela presenca de normas e legislacoes adotadas. Para esta avaliacao foram eleitos itens criticos e atribuidos escores variando de 1 a 5 (muito ruim a muito bom), em funcao de existencia e adocao de normas para cada item. Foram calculadas as medias e aplicada uma analise comparativa de medias, de forma a evidenciar as carencias especificas. Os resultados apontam que os paises da Uniao Europeia, os Estados Unidos e a Australia ja elaboram e adotam suas normas e leis que objetivam atender a certas demandas de bem-estar, enquanto o Brasil mostra estar defasado. Face as novas demandas internacionais de bem-estar animal, ha necessidade de atualizacao da legislacao brasileira, tendo em vista que o pais e um importante exportador de carne suina.
Obstruktive Schlaf-Apnoe und metabolisches Syndrom

Metabolic syndrome, i. e. , the combined occurrence of obesity, arterial hypertension, insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia (increased triglycerides, reduced HDL cholesterol), is associated with a marked increase in cardiovascular risk. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is very high. Obesity is the main risk factor for OSA and OSA itself is now considered to be the most frequent cause of secondary arterial hypertension. Due to the confounding influence of obesity, the causal connection between OSA and metabolic disturbances is less well established, however, epidemiological data are at least in favour of an independent link between OSA and insulin resistance. It is known that CPAP therapy can ameliorate OSA-associated hypertension. In contrast, the effects of CPAP treatment on insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia have to be further elucidated by large, randomised interventional trials.
New eukaryotic semaphorins with close homology to semaphorins of DNA viruses.

Semaphorins were initially described as a family of repulsive guidance molecules in embryonal development. Their basic structure consists of an N-terminal signal sequence, the defining semaphorin domain ofapproximately 500 amino acids, an Ig-like domain,and a variable carboxy-terminus. We recently described a viral semaphorin homologue encoded by the alcelaphine herpesvirus type 1. Less conserved, truncated homologues were also identified in poxviruses. Here we describe new human and murine semaphorin homologues. The respective genes were cloned and sequenced, and they were termed H-Sema-L and M-Sema-L (HGMW-approved symbols SEMAL and Semal, respectively). A multiply spliced mRNA of 3.2 kb is expressed in human placenta, spleen, thymus, and gonadal tissue. H-Sema-L maps to chromosome 15q22.3-q23 and M-Sema-L to the homologous locus 9A3.3-B in the mouse genome. The expression patterns and the presence of related genes in large DNA viruses suggest that this new semaphorin has a relevant function in the immune system.
Specific niches for lung-resident memory CD8+ T cells at the site of tissue regeneration enable CD69-independent maintenance

Takamura et al. show that most lung CD8+ TRM cells are not maintained in the inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT) but are maintained in specific niches created at the site of tissue regeneration, which are termed as repair-associated memory depots (RAMDs).
La gouvernance à l'épreuve des enjeux environnementaux et des exigences démocratiques

La question de la prise en charge des enjeux environnementaux par nos societes est au cœur d’une litterature qui s’est grandement developpee au cours des trente dernieres annees. A l’origine portee par des regards disciplinaires en provenance de la sociologie, de l’etude des politiques publiques, de l’economie ou de geographie, on observe depuis le debut du millenaire un engouement marque autour de l’utilisation de la notion de gouvernance environnementale pour cerner ce champ de reflexion. B.
Supporting dyslexic's learning style preferences in adaptive virtual learning environment

Dyslexia or reading disability is a disorder manifested by difficulty in learning to read despite conventional instruction, adequate intelligence, and sociocultural opportunity. In this paper we focus on the potential benefits of the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) especially for students with dyslexia. For this purpose, we present a brief overview of the most representative studies, which focuses on the use of ICT for students with specific learning disabilities. The aim of this research work is to reveal the possible learning style preferences of dyslexic students in virtual learning environments and to extend the scope of current research on adaptive learning system, in that the learning style preferences and cognitive capacity of dyslexic users are taken into account.
Direct data domain (D3) approach for space-time adaptive processing in colocated MIMO radar

This paper presents a novel approach for direct data domain space time adaptive processing(STAP) in colocated MIMO radar on a moving platform. This approach (also known as deterministic STAP), unlike conventional statistical STAP, suppresses the interference signal without the requirement for an interference covariance matrix. This paper investigates MIMO STAP filter in a non-homogeneous environment where there are no secondary data to estimate interference covariance matrix. First, the signal model for colocated MIMO radar on a moving platform is presented. Then, the proposed direct data domain MIMO STAP filter is derived while maximizing the degrees of freedom. Simulations are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed deterministic in comparison with statistical STAP in non-homogeneous environments.
Cell activation by monosaccharide lipid A analogues utilizing Toll‐like receptor 4

Lipid A is the bioactive centre of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and its properties exhibit various endotoxic and biological effects toward host cells. We examined whether Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are mediated by the signals from various synthetic acylated derivatives of d‐glucosamine monophosphate. All test synthetic monosaccharide lipid A analogues similar to acylated β‐(1‐6)‐d‐glucosamine disaccharide bisphosphates, such as Escherichia coli‐type lipid A (compound 506) and its precursor (compound 406), clearly induced nuclear factor (NF)‐κB activation in Ba/F3 cells expressing murine TLR4 and its accessory protein MD‐2 (Ba/mTLR4/mMD‐2), but no induction was found in those expressing murine TLR2 (Ba/mTLR2). Compound 411, the non‐reducing sugar moiety of compound 506, exhibited interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α)‐producing activities in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), whereas compound 401, the reducing moiety of compounds 506 and 406, and Gifu lipid A‐46 (GLA‐46), the non‐reducing moiety of compound 406, induced no production of IL‐8 and TNF‐α, which was similar to the findings for compound 406. Among the synthetic triacylated monosaccharide lipid A analogues, some compounds with three tetradecanoyl (C14) groups or that included a dodecanoyl (C12) group were more active toward murine and human cells than were other analogues with a decanoyl (C10) or hexadecanoyl (C16) group. Furthermore, IL‐8 production in PBMC stimulated with the active monosaccharide lipid A analogues as well as compound 506 was clearly inhibited by the monoclonal antibody to human TLR4. These findings suggest that monosaccharide lipid A analogues similar to disaccharide lipid As are capable of activating both murine and human cells through TLR4.