Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Security and Privacy Awareness: A Survey for Smartphone User

Smartphone becomes one of the most popular devices in last few years due to the integration of powerful technologies in it. Now-a-days a smartphone can provide different services as like as a computer provides. Smartphone holds our important personal information such as photos and videos, SMS, email, contact list, social media accounts etc. Therefore, the number of security and privacy related threats are also increasing relatively. Our research aims at evaluating how much the smartphone users are aware about their security and privacy. In this study, firstly we have taken a survey for smartphone users to access the level of smartphone security awareness displayed by the public. We also determine whether a general level of security complacency exists among smartphone users and measure the awareness of android users regarding their privacy. From survey result we have found that, most of the people are not aware about their smartphone security and privacy. Secondly, based on survey results, we have shown a method to measure the level of awareness (LOA) for the smartphone users. By using this method, a user can easily measure his/her smartphone security and privacy related level of awareness.
Identification of Peer-to-Peer Botnets in DDOS Attacks

A Distributed denial of service (DDOS) is an coordinated attack generated by multiple computer systems attack a target (i.e) a server, or other network resource and cause a Denial of service (DOS)attack for users. A Botnet is a network of computers under the control of a Bot master. Each individual device in a botnet is referred as a bot. The most common application of botnet includes DDOS attack, Data theft and email spam. In existing approaches there is a difficult in testing the algorithm over more datasets, in order to examine the impact on performance of the nature of the system under attack, and the different behaviors of users surfing on the network. In this paper, we propose a Botnet detection technique by using this technique we can able to handle more datasets as well as we can also identify the bots in the network.To do this a bot scanner is used to scan the incoming file of the normal user if the incoming file is a malicious file then the bot scanner blocks that file and trace the IP address in order to identify botnet in the network.
Repellency and Insecticidal Activities of Sugar Apple Leave Extract against Rice Weevil , Sitophilus oryzae ( Linnaeus , 1763 ) ( Coleoptera : Curculionidae )

This experiment was carried out to test the insecticidal and repellant activities of sugar apple leave extract against stored grain pest, rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus) during December 2018 to March 2019. The objectives of the study were to test the repellency of sugar apple leave extract against rice weevil and to observe the mortality of beetle under the laboratory condition. 50g of dried leaves powder of sugar apple was soaked in the one liter of pure water for 24h at room temperature to obtain 5 percent concentration. In this experiment, the results showed repellant activity of 5.00 % when observed at the end of 24 h treatment, followed by 10.00%, 15.79 % and 25.71% respectively at the end of 48 h, 72 h and 96 h treatment. The extract of sugar apple leaves revealed the highest level of repellant activity at the end of 96 h treatment. Overall average of the repellency of sugar apple leave extract on Sitophilus oryzae was 12.5 % and therefore aqueous extract of sugar apple leaves belong to the repellency class I. The percentage of mortality was the highest (25.71%) after 96 h of treatment while no mortality occurred after 24 h and 48h of treatment. The data pertaining in the experiment showed that higher the exposure time was higher the percent repellency and mortality. It was suggested that the extract showed effective repellency on stored grain pest rice weevil and the results will be contributed to Integrated Pest Management programme and their structural elucidations are underway. Keyword: Aqueous extract, sugar apple leaves, Sitophilus oryzae, repellency class, mortality. International Journal of Agriculture & Agribusiness ISSN: 2391-3991, Volume 5 Issue 2, page 143 – 150 Zambrut Zambrut.com. Publication date: August, 2019. Mar, K. M. , Khaing, T. T. & Mon, S. M. 2019. Repellency and Insecticidal Activities of Sugar Apple Leave Extract against Rice Weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus, 1763) . 144
Common Patterns in Revolutionary Infrastructures and Data

1. Summary Societies have seen large infrastructures emerge when new technologies become available. From history we see that such infrastructures can have a huge influence on all aspects of societal life. Moreover, some patterns appear to reoccur in the evolution of such infrastructures. Early visions about the possibilities of a new technology lead to a phase of creolization of approaches resulting in a deeper knowledge of the technology’s pros, cons and limitations. A huge “solutions space” emerges and fragmentation results. Some solutions are more attractive than others, but a final phase transition occurs where the experts converge towards broadly accepted principles and specifications that lead to exploitation and standardization.
Off-chain protocols for cryptocurrencies

The limits of Bitcoin’s scripting language motivate the need for off-blockchain protocols that extend the functionality of Bitcoin scripts. These protocols are run out-ofband by the transacting parties, but they are constructed in a manner that cryptographically binds them to on-chain scripts. Even with the advent of Ethereum, which provides a much richer scripting language, there are still privacy and scalability benefits to running off-chain protocols, even when on-chain analogs exist. We present off-chain protocols for a variety of applications as well as a general framework for off-chain smart contracts. An important tool for constructing off-chain protocols is threshold-signatures, a primitive that enables distributing the signing power of a given public key into n shares, such that at least k shares are required to produce a signature from that key. We show how to construct threshold signatures that are compatible with Bitcoin, and we then use this primitive to build off-chain protocols for privacy-preserving access control and escrow services. Turning to more advanced smart contracts, we present off-chain protocols for the fair-exchange of digital goods and services for payment. Finally, we present Arbitrum, a private and scalable smart contract system which enables running arbitrary smart contracts for which the code is executed off-chain and disputes are resolved on-chain.
Assessment of Machine Translation Output: A comparative study between Human and Automatic Models

In this study, it is attempted to make a comparison between two common methods of evaluation of machine translation (MT) output (Human and Automatic MT evaluation). Materials of the study have been selected from economical texts. Twenty English sentences and their Persian translation were selected from "translating of economic texts" book published by Payam-e-Nour University. To assess translated sentences humanly 20 Ma students of translation studies participated in this study as evaluators. In order to evaluate sentences automatically, BLEU method of Mt output evaluation was applied. According to the findings of the study both methods of evaluation lead to the same results, however , human evaluation method is more precious than automatic evaluation methods, at the same time automatic evaluation methods is faster and more time saving than human evaluation methods.
Heterogeneity of the SR-dependent Inward Na +-Ca 2 + Exchange Current in the Heavily Ca 2 +-buffered Rat Ventricular Myocytes

Myocardial contraction is induced by an increase in the intracellular Ca (Cai) level, which couples the electrical excitation with the mechanical contraction (excitation-contraction coupling, ECC). As the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) provides 70∼92% of the Cai rise depending on the species (Bers et al, 1996), the mechanism mediating SR Ca release is considered as a key to the ECC. In cardiac myocytes, it has long been known that SR Ca release is triggered by the external Ca entering the cell through the voltage-gated L-type Ca channels during the action potential, which is known as the 'Ca-induced Ca release (CICR)' (Fabiato, 1983; Lopez-Lopez et al, 1995). Ca entered through other routes such as the T-type Ca channel (Sipido et al, 1998; Zhou & January, 1998), the reverse-mode Na-Ca exchange (NCX) (Leblanc & Hume, 1990; Sipido et al, 1997) and possibly Na channels (Santana et al, 1998; Piacentino et al, 2000) is also able to induce CICR although its physiological contribution appears to be minor (Sipido et al, 1998; Zhou & January, 1998). Another possibility has recently been raised in triggering the SR Ca release. Using a two-step protocol in guineapig ventricular myocyte shortening, Ferrier and Howlett (1995) reported the external Ca influx-independent fraction of the contraction in addition to the L-type Ca current (ICaL)-dependent contraction. The ICaL-dependent contraction elicited a bell-shaped contraction-voltage relationship in the voltage range equivalent to that of the ICaL starting from -40 mV to +80 mV with a peak around 0 mV. In contrast, the external Ca influx-independent contraction was activated in more negative voltage ranges than the ICaL-dependent contraction, beginning from -70~-65 mV with a peak around -20 mV. After a peak, however, the contraction remained constant eliciting a sigmoid voltagecontraction relationship (Ferrier & Howlett, 1995; Ferrier et al, 1998; Howlett et al, 1998; Mason & Ferrier, 1999; Ferrier et al, 2000; Ferrier & Howlett, 2001). This external Ca influx-independent contraction was completely blocked by tetracaine, although very low concentration of ryanodine elicited a partial blocking (Ferrier & Howlett, 1995; Ferrier et al, 1998; Howlett et al, 1998; Mason & Ferrier, 1999; Ferrier et al, 2000; Ferrier & Howlett, 2001). Therefore, the voltagesensitive release mechanism (VSRM) has been proposed as a possible mechanism mediating the SR Ca release in this external Ca influx-independent but stimulation voltage-dependent con-
Progressive sequential pattern mining: steerable visual exploration of patterns with PPMT

The progressive visual analytics (PVA) paradigm has been proposed to describe visual analytics systems whose main goal is to reach a thorough coupling between the analyst and her system by getting rid of waiting periods classically encountered during data process- ing. PVA systems use algorithms that both provide intermediate results throughout their execution, and are steerable by the analyst to change the strategy used to perform the remaining computation. Our focus is on progressive sequential pattern mining, as in the seminal work of Stolper et al. [30]. Here we go further mainly by considering the temporal nature of patterns related to their occur- rences. We propose a pattern-oriented data model, a pattern analysis task model, and guidelines for designing progressive pattern min- ing algorithms. We introduce PPMT, a tool to support an analyst progressively explore activity traces, based on a modification of the GSP algorithm. We evaluate our proposal on the technical perfor- mances of our progressive algorithm, and on the effect of steering on analysts’ performances.
Trust in the Press as an Institution

Based on the publicly available longitudinal World Values Survey, this study presents strong evidence to support the idea that media or news systems as institutions are experienced unevenly across the world and with fluctuating degrees of trust and mistrust. In general, we saw trust drop significantly in about half of the countries studied. In countries with a democratic-corporatist tradition, such as Sweden, Germany, and the Netherlands, levels of trust fluctuated but over time remained relatively stable. In addition, our multilevel analysis points to at least a strong association between trust in political institutions and trust in the Press. Confidence in the media has substantially eroded in countries that went through political transition, regime change, and massive political uncertainty. Our analysis, therefore, found substantive support for what we tentatively term as the Trust Nexus to describe an erosion of trust in the Press that appears to be connected to a broader public disenchantment with and widespread sense of disdain for social institutions and more specifically in this instance for political institutions. In this view, both media trust and political trust are bound by a common destiny; they are caught in an inescapable relationship that can turn out to be a downward spiral of trust—or a race to the bottom—in some contexts or an upward spiral (or a virtuous circle; Norris 2000) in others. When interpreting these results, however, it has to be taken into account that the WVS data does not entitle us to draw conclusions about directions of causality because each wave has surveyed different samples of respondents.
lucocorticoid dexamethasone down-regulates basal and vitamin D 3 nduced cathelicidin expression in human monocytes and bronchial pithelial cell line ikhil

Glucocorticoids (GCs) have been extensively used as the mainstream treatment for chronic inflammatory disorders. The persistent use of steroids in the past decades and the association with secondary infections warrants for detailed investigation into their effects on the innate immune system and the therapeutic outcome. In this study, we analyse the effect of GCs on antimicrobial polypeptide (AMP) expression. We hypothesize that GC related side effects, including secondary infections are a result of compromised innate immune responses. Here, we show that treatment with dexamethasone (Dex) inhibits basal mRNA expression of the following AMPs; human cathelicidin, human beta defensin 1, lysozyme and secretory leukocyte peptidase 1 in the THP-1 monocytic cell-line (THP-1 monocytes). Furthermore, pre-treatment with Dex inhibits vitamin D3 induced cathelicidin expression in THP-1 monocytes, primary monocytes and in the human bronchial epithelial cell line BCi NS 1.1. We also demonstrate that treatment with the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) inhibitor RU486 counteracts Dex mediated down-regulation of basal and vitamin D3 induced cathelicidin expression in THP-1 monocytes. Moreover, we confirmed the anti-inflammatory effect of Dex. Pre-treatment with Dex inhibits dsRNA mimic poly IC induction of the inflammatory chemokine IP10 (CXCL10) and cytokine IL1B mRNA expression in THP-1 monocytes. These results suggest that GCs inhibit innate immune responses, in addition to exerting beneficial anti-inflammatory effects. © 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
Boar taint – the effects of selected candidate genes associated with androstenone and skatole levels – a review *

Androstenone and skatole are the two main components causing the so-called boar taint as well as the unpleasant taste of pork meat from boars. These substances increasingly accumulate in the adipose tissue after reaching sexual maturity. For this reason, boars are less frequently used for pork production. The most commonly used method for boar taint elimination is the castration of male pigs shortly after birth. Another way how to reduce the boar taint is the identification of candidate genes and SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) that affect the androstenone and skatole levels in the adipose tissue of pigs. The aim of this review is to present and systematize the current knowledge about the genetic influences on androstenone and skatole levels. In recent years several studies focused on the identification of potential candidate genes have been carried out and a study which purpose was to verify whether these genes or their mutations may have a significant effect on androstenone and skatole levels in pigs. Several genes and their SNPs that significantly influence the levels of androstenone (CYP17A, CYB5, CYP21, SULT2A1, SULT2B1, HSD3B) and skatole (CYP2E1, CYP2A6, SULT1A1) were identified. In addition, there are other candidate genes (LH, TEAD3) whose association with the components of boar taint has not been clearly confirmed yet. Several studies also mentioned the possibility of interactions between genes themselves as well as the possibility of negative effects of the tested genes on important pig production characteristics
Monoclonal antibodies in oncologic gynecology

1 Oddział Kliniczny Ginekologii i Onkologii Centrum Onkologii im. prof. Franciszka Łukaszczyka w Bydgoszczy 2 Katedra i Klinika Ginekologii Onkologicznej i Pielęgniarstwa Ginekologicznego Collegium Medicum w Bydgoszczy UMK 3 Oddział Teleradioterapii Centrum Onkologii im. prof. Franciszka Łukaszczyka w Bydgoszczy 4 Oddział Chemioterapii Centrum Onkologii im. prof. Franciszka Łukaszczyka w Bydgoszczy 5 Ambulatorium Laryngologiczne Centrum Onkologii im. prof. Franciszka Łukaszczyka w Bydgoszczy 6 Klinika Nowotworów Narządów Płciowych Kobiecych Centrum Onkologii – Instytutu im. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie w Warszawie Correspondence to: Dr hab. n. med. Łukasz Wicherek, prof. UMK, Oddział Kliniczny Ginekologii i Onkologii Centrum Onkologii im. prof. Franciszka Łukaszczyka, ul. Romanowskiej 2, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, tel. : 52 374 33 99, 52 374 38 74, e-mail: mowicher@cyf-kr.edu. pl Podziękowanie Autorzy składają podziękowania Prof. Jerzemu Stelmachowowi za okazaną pomoc, a także Dr. Zbigniewowi Pawłowiczowi za stworzenie warunków do pracy naukowej w Centrum Onkologii im. prof. Franciszka Łukaszczyka w Bydgoszczy. Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Professor J. Stelmachów for his advice, helpful discussions, and friendly words of support, and Dr. Zbigniew Pawłowicz for generating the conditions advantageous for our research. Source of financing: Department own sources
A DROOP CONTROL DESIGN METHOD IN DC MICROGRIDS

The analysis and design of the droop control applied to the bi-directional distributed generator in the dc microgrid are presented. The effects of line resistance on power sharing and voltage regulation performance are analysed. In order to interpret the complicated line configuration, the voltage sensitivity analysis based on the power flow analysis is derived. Based on this analysis, a droop control design method is proposed to improve the droop control performance. The design method is implemented through an PSCAD/EMTDC simulation. In a simulation model of dc microgrid, three bidirectional distributed generators, three loads, and one non-dispatchable distributed generators are connected to the 5-bus network model, and the improved performance are verified.
Automatic Shape Recognition of Hand Gestures Using an Edge-tracing Vision System

This paper describes a working computer vision system and software algorithms that can automatically recognize different types of hand gestures. The software performs the image capture, analysis and shape identification for three different kinds of hand gestures, namely, the ‘rock’, ‘paper’ and ‘scissors’ hand gestures used in a popular child’s game. The software is comprised of three main elements, namely: (1) A method for collecting data to store normalized or ‘template’ (standard) images of known shapes or known hand gestures; (2) An edge detection algorithm; and (3) A method to compare an image with normalized or ‘template’ images. This method of hand gesture recognition could be adapted for use in many practical applications relating to the control of computers (e.g. 3D graphics, controlling games, real-time simulations), robot manipulators, mobile robots and machinery. Keywords— hand gesture, recognition, vision, image, template
Estudio sobre la evolución de la relación entre objetos y atributos en una sucesión de contextos L-Fuzzy Cristina Alcalde

Las particiones difusas pueden definirse de diferentes formas, pero casi siempre, la definición se efectúa atendiendo a las caracterı́sticas generales de la totalidad del universo. En este trabajo se presenta un método para definir particiones difusas condicionadas a la satisfacción de cierto atributo difuso. En concreto, se muestra cómo definir diferentes particiones difusas atendiendo a las caracterı́sticas de diferentes subconjuntos difusos del universo.
Using a Hidden Markov Model to Measure Earnings Quality *

We propose and validate a new measure of earnings quality based on a hidden Markov model. This measure, termed earnings fidelity, captures how faithful earnings signals are in revealing the true economic state of the firm. We estimate the measure using a Markov chain Monte Carlo procedure in a Bayesian hierarchical framework that accommodates cross-sectional heterogeneity. Earnings fidelity is positively associated with the forward earnings response coefficient. It significantly outperforms existing measures of quality in predicting two external indicators of low-quality accounting: restatements and Securities and Exchange Commission comment letters.
Blockchains as Security-Enabler for ( I ) IoT-Applications

PurposeThis article describes a method for internet-of-things-devices (IoT) a methodology to achieve industrial grade reliability for information transfer from wireless sensor systems to the controlling units. Design/methodology/approach – An increased security and reliability of submitted data within the sensor network could be achieved on an application level. Therefore a lightweight high-level communication protocol based on blockchain principles was designed. Findings – Blockchain mechanisms can secure the wireless communication of IoT-devices in a lightweight and scalable way. Originality/value – The innovation of this research is the successful application of general blockchainmechanisms to increase security of a wireless sensor system without binding to a dedicated blockchain technology.
Simulating Flash Floods Using Geostationary Satellite-Based Rainfall Estimation Coupled with a Land Surface Model

Clarifying hydrologic behavior, especially behavior related to extreme events such as flash floods, is vital for flood mitigation and management. However, discharge and rainfall measurement data are scarce, which is a major obstacle to flood mitigation. This study: (i) simulated flash floods on a regional scale using three types of rainfall forcing implemented in a land surface model; and (ii) evaluated and compared simulated flash floods with the observed discharge. The three types of rainfall forcing were those observed by the Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (AMeDAS) (Simulation I), the observed rainfall from the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transportation (MLIT) (Simulation II), and the estimated rainfall from the Multi-purpose Transport Satellite (MTSAT), which was downscaled by AMeDAS rainfall (Simulation III). MLIT rainfall observations have a denser station network over the Ishikari River basin (spacing of approximately 10 km) compared with AMeDAS (spacing of approximately 20 km), so they are expected to capture the rainfall spatial distribution more accurately. A land surface model, the Minimal Advance Treatments of Surface Interaction and Runoff (MATSIRO), was implemented for the flash flood simulation. The river flow simulations were run over the Ishikari river basin at a 1-km grid resolution and a 1-h temporal resolution during August 2010. The statistical performance of the river flow simulations during a flash flood event on 23 and 24 August 2010 demonstrated that Simulation I was reasonable compared with Simulation III. The findings also suggest that the advantages of the MTSAT-based estimated rainfall (i.e., good spatial distribution) can be coupled with the benefit of direct AMeDAS observations (i.e., representation of the true rainfall).