Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The genetic make‐up of ovarian development and function: the focus on the transcription factor FOXL2

In a 46 XY individual, the presence of the Y chromosome harboring the testis‐determining factor (SRY) triggers testis determination and differentiation. In a 46 XX individual, the absence of SRY and the activation of genes associated with the female pathway lead to ovarian development. The latter process has long been considered as a default pathway. However, recent studies have cast doubts on this dogma. Here, after a brief overview of the main steps of ovarian development, we focus on three genes WNT4, RSPO1 and FOXL2 that are essential for ovarian determination, differentiation and/or maintenance. Special attention is paid to FOXL2 whose mutations are responsible for the blepharophimosis syndrome, often associated with female infertility, and for cancer. We highlight the cooperation of WNT4, RSPO1 and FOXL2 within a regulatory network and the need for further research to better understand their role in defining and maintaining ovarian identity.
Improved quantum efficiency with increasing number of quantum dot sizes in silicon based solar cell

Solar cells consisting of quantum dots of the same size have been worked on till date. Our work focuses on varying the size and increasing the Incident Photon to Current Conversion Efficiency of the intrinsic layer of a Silicon solar cell. We have been able to increase the IPCE up to 70% and 140% by widely varying the sizes of Cadmium Selenite and Cadmium Telluride quantum dots respectively. Their total volume fractions were kept constant.
The ‘Freshman 5’: A Meta-Analysis of Weight Gain in the Freshman Year of College

Abstract Objective: (1) To use the available research to estimate the amount of weight gained by college freshman during their first year of college. (2) To identify potential predictors of freshman weight gain. Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted in November 2008. The analysis focused on articles published in English scientific journals between 1985 and 2008 available on the MEDLINE, Web of Science, and PsycINFO databases and excluded studies of weight change over periods beyond freshman year. Results: Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Based on a pooled sample of 3,401 cases, mean weight gain was 3.86 (95% confidence intervals [CI] = 3.81–3.91) lbs. Potential contributors to gain were recent dieting, high baseline weight, and psychological stress. Conclusions: The first year of college is a period of vulnerability for weight problems. Further research is needed to better understand freshman weight gain and devise appropriate prevention strategies based on predictors of gain.
Real-time detection algorithm of abnormal behavior in crowds based on Gaussian mixture model

Recently, abnormal evens detection in crowds has received considerable attention in the field of public safety. Most existing studies do not account for the processing time and the continuity of abnormal behavior characteristics. In this paper, we present a new motion feature descriptor, called the sensitive movement point (SMP). Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) is used for modeling the abnormal crowd behavior with full consideration of the characteristics of crowd abnormal behavior. First, we analyze the video with GMM, to extract sensitive movement point in certain speed by setting update threshold value of GMM. Then, analyze the sensitive movement point of video frame with temporal and spatial modeling. Identify abnormal behavior through the analysis of mutation duration occurs in temporal and spatial model, and the density, distribution and mutative acceleration of sensitive movement point in blocks. The algorithm can be implemented with automatic adapt to environmental change and online learning, without tracking individuals of crowd and large scale training in detection process. Experiments involving the UMN datasets and the videos taken by us show that the proposed algorithm can real-time effectively identify various types of anomalies and that the recognition results and processing time are better than existing algorithms.
Diabetic foot ulcers: a quality of life issue

Foot ulcers are a serious complication of diabetes mellitus that are associated with adverse sequelae and high costs. In addition, such foot ulcers have a significant impact on quality of life (QoL). For example, the loss of mobility associated with foot ulcers affects patients' ability to perform simple, everyday tasks and to participate in leisure activities. These and other consequences of foot ulcers often lead to depression and poor QoL. Notably, several studies have shown that patients with diabetes mellitus and foot ulcers were more depressed and had poorer QoL than those who had no diabetic complications. Given the detrimental effect foot ulcers have on patients, it is essential that these foot ulcers are prevented or treated more effectively than at present. Evidence suggests that many foot ulcers can be prevented by using intensive interventions and adopting a multidisciplinary approach to treatment. In addition, preventative strategies may become more effective if new research into how patients with diabetes experience and interpret their health threats (e.g. diagnosis ‘loss of sensation’ or a foot ulcer episode) is taken into account. With regard to treatment, new options should enable ulcers to heal more quickly than with standard therapies. One area of interest is the use of growth factors. For example, recombinant platelet‐derived growth factor, in addition to good ulcer care, has been shown to improve the number of ulcers that heal and healing times significantly compared with good ulcer care alone. Other potential new treatments include the use of skin substitutes. In summary, improved preventative measures and wound treatment should reduce the potential for patients with diabetes mellitus to experience impaired QoL caused by foot ulcers. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SF/HGF is a mediator between limb patterning and muscle development

ZPA in positioning of the premuscle masses. Moreover, we present evidence that, in the limb bud mesenchyme, SF/HGF increases the motility of myogenic precursor cells and has a role in maintaining their undifferentiated state during migration. We present a model for a crucial role of SF/HGF during migration and early patterning of muscle precursor cells in the vertebrate limb.
Resonant Fowler-Nordheim tunneling through layered tunnel barriers and its possible applications

We have analyzed electron transfer through layered, symmetric, "crested" tunnel barriers, including the effect of resonant Fowler-Nordheim tunneling via electron subbands formed at the layer interfaces. The high sensitivity of the current to an applied electric field implies that the barriers may be used in terabit-scalable, nonvolatile, fast, bit-addressable memory (NOVORAM), as well as for ultradense, electrostatic data storage (ESTOR) and electronic cooling.
Trabalhadores em cargos de liderança no mercado de trabalho formal brasileiro entre os anos de 1995, 2005 e 2015

O principal objetivo desse estudo e tracar o perfil sociodemografico e socioeconomico dos empregados (homens e mulheres) em cargos de lideranca, no mercado de trabalho formal brasileiro, entre os anos de 1995, 2005 e 2015. Atual e relevante, essa questao tem sido tema de poucos estudos. A principal fonte de dados e a Relacao Anual de Informacoes Sociais (RAIS), do Ministerio do Trabalho e Emprego (MTE). Os principais resultados mostram que, em 2015, no Brasil, os cargos de lideranca sao, predominantemente, ocupados por homens (63,47%). Mostram, alem disso, que, em termos absolutos, a participacao das mulheres aumentou mais que o dobro entre 2005 e 2015. Com relacao a faixa etaria, as mulheres lideres, em sua maioria, tem entre 30 e 39 anos de idade e os homens entre 50 e 64 anos. No tocante ao grau de escolaridade, os profissionais de ambos possuem nivel superior completo, atuam na regiao Sudeste e permanecem por cinco anos ou mais no mesmo emprego. A analise aponta uma discrepância de renda entre generos no mercado de trabalho. Mesmo exercendo atividade igual a dos homens, as mulheres tem um salario menor. Isso mostra que, no decorrer do tempo, a situacao piorou drasticamente para o sexo feminino.
The human genome revealed.

Seeing the International Sequencing Consortium's draft of the human genome is highly satisfying. The way in which its 3 billion bases have been determined closely followed the course outlined more than a decade ago by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Committee on “Mapping and Sequencing the Human Genome. ” Bruce Alberts, now the President of the NAS, was its chairman and I one of its 14 other members. The predictions in our 1988 report, that the human genome could be sequenced over a 15-year period for a cost of three billion dollars, were more accurate than we dared guess. Two more years of work, to fill in gaps and correct mistakes, will result in an almost errorless genetic script for human existence.
A functional account of verb use in the early stages of English multiword development*

ABSTRACT The present study investigates flexibility of verb use in the early stages of English multiword development, and its relationship with patterns attested in the input. The data is taken from a case study of a monolingual English-speaking boy aged 2 ; 5–2 ; 9 and his mother while engaged in daily activities in the home. Data were coded according to Halliday's (1975) functional system. The findings suggest that early multiword verb use is functionally restricted and closely tied to verb use in the input.
A multidisciplinary team approach to skull base chordomas.

OBJECT A multidisciplinary team devised a protocol for long-term care of patients with skull base chordomas. In this study they describe their approach. METHODS Forty-two patients presented between 1986 and 1998 and were treated by maximum surgical cytoreduction and photon radiation therapy. Tumor volume-doubling time determined on the basis of magnetic resonance imaging, immunostaining, and cell proliferation (Ki67 labeling index [LI]) studies indicated growth rates of individual chordomas. The best outlook was associated with the greatest extent of tumor removal achieved during the first operation. There were no deaths associated with patients who underwent first-time surgery, but there was a 7.1% mortality rate associated with those who underwent subsequent operations. Cerebrospinal fluid leaks, additional cranial nerve palsies, and pharyngeal wound problems were the most difficult management problems encountered after second and subsequent surgeries. The time interval between operations was usually between 2 years and 3 years after the first surgery; very few patients required a second surgery, with a quiescent period in excess of 5 years. Life-table 5- and 10-year survival rates were 77% and 69%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The authors believe that this series of skull base chordomas provides new insights into the management of these lesions, particularly with regard to techniques that increase survival times and studies that aid in formulating prognoses.
Impaired benzodiazepine receptor binding in peri‐lesional cortex of patients with symptomatic epilepsies studied by [11C]‐flumazenil PET 1

Individual benzodiazepine receptor (BZR) binding of peri‐lesional cortex was investigated in symptomatic epilepsies. Eleven patients aged 19–44 years were studied whose diagnosis was established by medical history, clinical, electroencephalographic, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. Three‐dimensional [11C]‐flumazenil (FMZ) positron emission tomography and MRI scans were obtained and coregistered. Lesions (five low‐grade brain tumours, one AV malformation, one cavernoma, one cystic lesion of unknown aetiology, one traumatic brain injury, one post‐operative and one post‐haemorrhagic defect) were outlined on individual MRI scans. Adjacent to those lesions, and in homologous contralateral structures, FMZ binding was analysed in four pairs of cortical 9 × 9‐mm regions of interest (ROIs) placed on transaxial and coronal slices, respectively, as well as in the lesion volume and its mirror region. Percentage asymmetry ratios were calculated and those at or outside the 90–110% range were operationally defined significant. Peri‐lesional FMZ binding asymmetries ranged from 70 to 125%, lesional asymmetries from 38 to 82%. Only one patient showed no significant change, whilst nine exhibited significant reductions of FMZ binding in at least one ROI (3 × 1, 4 × 2, 1 × 3, 1 × 4), and significant increases were observed in two ROIs of another patient. Therefore, peri‐lesional disturbances of BZR binding are common but variable in location. Because a close correlation between regional decreases in FMZ binding and spiking activity was recently demonstrated in neocortical epilepsies, abnormal peri‐lesional FMZ binding may bear some relation to the mechanisms of epileptogenesis in symptomatic epilepsies.
Neuropsychiatric disturbance is associated with executive dysfunction in HIV-1 infection

Prominent apathy and/or irritability are frequently observed among individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Although these symptoms often occur as part of a mood disorder, compelling evidence suggests that they may occur independently of depression in neurologic disease/disorder. The current study examined the prevalence of both apathy and irritability among a sample of HIV-infected individuals and explored the degree to which these neuropsychiatric (NP) phenomena were associated with performance on neurocognitive measures thought to be sensitive to the potential CNS effects of HIV-1. Clinician-administered rating scales assessing apathy and irritability were administered to 65 HIV-seropositive (HIV+) and 21 HIV-seronegative (HIV−) participants who also completed a dual-task reaction time paradigm and the Stroop task. NP disturbance was significantly more prevalent among HIV+ participants compared with HIV− controls and was associated with specific neurocognitive deficits suggestive of executive dysfunction. Relative to both HIV− controls and to neuropsychiatrically intact HIV+ participants, those HIV+ individuals with evidence of prominent apathy and/or irritability showed deficits in dual-task, but not single-task, performance and on the interference condition of the Stroop. Unexpectedly, NP disturbance did not show a robust relationship with HIV disease stage. These results suggest that the presence of prominent apathy and/or irritability among HIV+ individuals may signify greater HIV-associated CNS involvement. In HIV/AIDS, the disruption of frontal–subcortical circuits may be a common mechanism causing both executive dysfunction and NP disturbance. (JINS, 2000, 6, 336–347.)
Marketing con enfoque en el crecimiento

En los ultimos tiempos en que se han activado el otorgamiento de creditos por parte de las entidades, el comercio necesita del credito como instrumento generador del crecimiento. El conocimiento del cliente y la fidelizacion se muestran como una apuesta segura de crecimiento actual y futuro. Para lograrlo nos apoyamos en la tecnologia ya que nos permite transformar la informacion en conocimiento abriendo las puertas de las posibilidades de negocios, pues sin conocimiento no pueden existir estrategias. Y es precisamente de aqui de donde surge el marketing dinamico, que nos permite explorar a traves de la tecnologia dichos conocimientos convirtiendolo en oportunidades de venta.En los ultimos anos el termino MARKETING ha logrado proyectar un gran impacto en el crecimiento economico logrando analizar la gestion comercial de las empresas con el fin de captar retener y fidelizar a los clientes y es gracias a este poderoso instrumento que las empresas obtienen grandes dividendos anuales superando hasta sus propias expectativas de venta
Nurses’ Perspectives of Smoking Initiation, Addiction, and Cessation

Background:It is estimated that 18% of registered nurses smoke. Although nurses can make an important contribution to national cessation efforts, continuing smoking among nurses has been cited as one of the barriers against higher nursing involvement. Objectives:To develop a national program to assist nurses in smoking cessation through an in-depth understanding of issues related to nurses’ attitudes toward smoking and quitting, and to explore nurses’ preferences for smoking cessation interventions. Methods:Eight focus groups were conducted in four states with nurses who were current or former smokers. Content analysis was used to identify major themes. Results:Four themes were identified: initiation of smoking and addiction, myths and misconceptions about quitting, overcoming addictions, and strategies for enhancing successful cessation. Nurses described addiction and cessation efforts similar to those of the general population. However, nurses experienced guilt related to their smoking, and perceived a lack of understanding by nonsmoking colleagues and managers about their need of support for smoking cessation. Nurses who had successfully quit smoking were motivated by health concerns, pregnancy, and their children. Nurses suggested many interventions that would be supportive of their quit attempts, such as worksite services and Internet-based support groups. Conclusions:Nurses expressed the need for smoking cessation interventions similar to that of the general population, and for additional support that recognizes two concerns: confidentiality about their smoking in terms of the general public, and support along with counseling with regard to their feelings of shame and guilt in relation to their public image as nurses.
Patrones ontogénicos craneanos en la filogenia de los "Hominina"

Este estudio se basa en las relaciones entre los aspectos filogenicos y ontogenicos en la linea evolutiva de los hominidos, relativas a las dimensiones craneales. La idea principal se basa en la relacion existente entre el volumen craneal de un individuo con respecto a su tamano corporal total como indicador de la edad. Este proceso es conocido en los primates tanto extinguidos como actuales, aunque las pautas de crecimiento no son equivalentes entre ellos. Por otra parte estas proporciones han ido variando progresivamente en los Hominina a lo largo de su evolucion, aunque de forma contraria al progreso ontogenico: en la serie temporal filogenica la relacion del tamano craneal respecto del tamano total es directamente proporcional al tiempo, mientras que en la serie ontogenica lo es inversamente proporcional; en todo caso no son proporciones lineales. El objetivo principal es poner de relieve la posibilidad de hallar una relacion entre el volumen craneal en cualquier punto de la escala filogenica y su edad, merced a un modelo ontogenico. No se trata de considerar o evaluar los factores que han favorecido la evolucion de la estructura craneal, ni mucho menos la neuroanatomia evolutiva ni su fisiologia; es preciso tener en cuenta que el enfoque se halla sobre los restos oseos y sus caracteristicas alometricas, con independencia de sus factores de origen y evolucion.
Active reversed nested Miller compensation for three-stage amplifiers

A novel frequency compensation technique for three-stage amplifiers is introduced. Compared to the traditional reversed nested Miller compensation strategy, the proposed one exploits two active stages already included in the amplifier topology, thus no extra circuitry for its implementation is needed. The technique allows to remove the right-half-plane zero and generates a left-half-plane zero, improving the phase margin. Design equations using the phase margin as design parameter are carried out. The proposed technique is used to design, using a standard CMOS 0.35-mum technology, a 2-V three-stage amplifier driving a 500-pF load. The amplifier dissipates 0.24 mW at DC and achieves a 1.75-MHz gain-bandwidth product
Performance of conducting polymer electrodes for stimulating neuroprosthetics

Objective. Recent interest in the use of conducting polymers (CPs) for neural stimulation electrodes has been growing; however, concerns remain regarding the stability of coatings under stimulation conditions. These studies examine the factors of the CP and implant environment that affect coating stability. The CP poly(ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is examined in comparison to platinum (Pt), to demonstrate the potential performance of these coatings in neuroprosthetic applications. Approach. PEDOT is coated on Pt microelectrode arrays and assessed in vitro for charge injection limit and long-term stability under stimulation in biologically relevant electrolytes. Physical and electrical stability of coatings following ethylene oxide (ETO) sterilization is established and efficacy of PEDOT as a visual prosthesis bioelectrode is assessed in the feline model. Main results. It was demonstrated that PEDOT reduced the potential excursion at a Pt electrode interface by 72% in biologically relevant solutions. The charge injection limit of PEDOT for material stability was found to be on average 30× larger than Pt when tested in physiological saline and 20× larger than Pt when tested in protein supplemented media. Additionally stability of the coating was confirmed electrically and morphologically following ETO processing. It was demonstrated that PEDOT-coated electrodes had lower potential excursions in vivo and electrically evoked potentials (EEPs) could be detected within the visual cortex. Significance. These studies demonstrate that PEDOT can be produced as a stable electrode coating which can be sterilized and perform effectively and safely in neuroprosthetic applications. Furthermore these findings address the necessity for characterizing in vitro properties of electrodes in biologically relevant milieu which mimic the in vivo environment more closely.
Computational Fugue Analysis

One of the pinnacles of form in classical Western music, the fugue is often used in the teaching of music analysis and composition. Fugues alternate between instances of a subject and other patterns and modulatory sections, called episodes. Musicological analyses are generally built on these patterns and sections. We have developed several algorithms to perform an automated analysis of a fugue, starting from a score in which all the voices are separated. By focusing on the diatonic similarities between pitch intervals, we detect subjects and countersubjects, as well as partial harmonic sequences inside the episodes. We also implemented tools to detect subject scale degrees, cadences, and pedals, as well as a method for segmenting the fugue into exposition and episodic parts. Our algorithms were tested on a corpus of 36 fugues by J. S. Bach and Dmitri Shostakovich. We provide formalized ground-truth data on this corpus as well as a dynamic visualization of the ground truth and of our computed results. The complete system showed acceptable or good results for about one half of the fugues tested, enabling us to depict their design.
Bias errors of pulse pair estimation in a weather radar

High resolution wind speed profile measurements are needed in a weather radar to provide reliable information of rapidly changing weather conditions. The commonly used pulse pair method is quite attractive when processing an enormous amount of weather radar data in real time since it is considered the fastest algorithm available. The pulse pair estimator calculates the first two moments of the Doppler spectrum from estimates of the complex autocorrelation function at lag T/sub s/. The goodness of this estimator is typically determined by examination of the bias and the variance of the moment estimates. To analyze the bias in the pulse pair estimates, we consider the process autocorrelation function R(T/sub s/) expressed in terms of the true mean Doppler frequency f/sub d/. Unbiasedness of pulse pair estimates is based on the assumption that the spectrum is symmetric or narrow. However, the weather return Doppler spectrum is often broad and not symmetric thus causing a bias. This bias effect is analyzed here using a skewed Gaussian spectrum model with various spectrum widths.