Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Light-controllable magnetic metamaterials based on loaded split-ring resonators

The paper presents a new approach for designing electromagnetic metamaterials which can be tuned by light. The results of experimental study of magnetic resonance behaviour of a tunable split-ring resonators loaded by a varactor diode and biased by a photodiode operated in photovoltaic mode are presented. The design and results of experimental investigation of light-controllable magnetic reflector array based on tunable split-ring resonators are also discussed.
Utilización de tuna de cabra (Opuntia sp.) enriquecida con urea en cabras bajo explotaciones tradicionales de zonas semiáridas del estado Lara, Venezuela

Con el fin de evaluar el efecto del uso de tuna de cabra (Opuntia sp.) sobre el comportamiento productivo de cabras lactantes se seleccionaron 20 animales de explotaciones tradicionales de zonas semiaridas del estado Lara, Venezuela. Las cabras fueron asignadas aleatoriamente a dos tratamientos: 1) Control: pastoreo de la vegetacion propia de las zonas aridas y semiaridas del monte espinoso tropical y bosque muy seco tropical, y 2) Experimental: pastoreo + 500 g de tuna de cabra con 2,5% de urea. Las variables ganancia de peso, condicion corporal (CC) y la produccion de leche fueron evaluadas por un periodo de 75 dias. Se uso un diseno completamente al azar y los datos analizados mediante ANAVAR para las variables peso y produccion de leche y para CC se uso una prueba Kruskall Wallis, utilizando como covariable la variable respectiva al inicio del ensayo. Al cabo de 75 dias, la suplementacion de tuna de cabra presento una tendencia al aumento de peso promedio (P<0,08), de 4,3 kg por animal (57,3 g/animal/d) y de una disminucion de 0,6 kg (-0,8 g/animal/d) para las cabras con y sin suplementacion, respectivamente. Por su parte, la condicion corporal de las cabras fue significativamente mayor (P<0,05) en las suplementadas (CC: 2,0 vs. 1,5). Al cabo de 75 dias de evaluacion, se registro un aumento (P<0.05) de la produccion de leche (296 vs. 184 g/animal/d) en el grupo suplementado. La tuna de cabra enriquecida con urea representa una alternativa viable en la dieta de cabras de las zonas aridas.
A High-Linearity, Ring-Oscillator-Based, Vernier Time-to-Digital Converter Utilizing Carry Chains in FPGAs

Time-to-digital converters (TDCs) using dedicated carry chains of field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are usually organized in tapped-delay-line type which are intensively researched in recent years. However this method incurs poor differential nonlinearity (DNL) which arises from the inherent uneven bin granularity. This paper proposes a TDC architecture which utilizes the carry chains in a quite different manner in order to alleviate this long-standing problem. Two independent carry chains working as the delay lines for the fine time interpolation are organized in a ring-oscillator-based Vernier style and the time difference between them is finely adjusted by assigning different number of basic delay cells. A specific design flow is described to obtain the desired delay difference. The TDC was implemented on a Stratix III FPGA. Test results show that the obtained resolution is 31 ps and the DNL\INL is in the range of (−0.080 LSB, 0.073 LSB)\(−0.087 LSB, 0.091 LSB). This demonstrates that the proposed architecture greatly improves linearity compared to previous techniques. Additionally the resource cost is rather low which uses only 319 LUTs and 104 registers per TDC channel.
Caracterização cromossomica de especies e subespecies do grupo pulchella (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae)

O complexo pulchella de Hyla, anteriormente conhecido genericamente como Hyla raddiana, consiste de populacoes encontradas no Brasil, Uruguai e Argentina, e tem sido dividido em varias formas geograficamente bem definidas. Fazem parte deste grupo: Hyla pulchella pulchella, H. pulchella joaquini, H. semiguttata, H. prasina, H. caingua, H. pulchella cordobae, H. pulchella riojana e H. pulchella andina, sendo que as cinco primeiras foram analisadas neste trabalho atraves do estudo do cariotipo, do padrao de banda C e da localizacao da NOR em celulas do epitelio intestinal, medula ossea e testiculo. Todas as especies analisadas neste trabalho possuem 2n = 24 cromossomos, com padrao morfologico constante sendo que os pares 1, 8, 11 e 12 sao metacentricos; os pares 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9 e 10 submetacentricos e o par 6 acrocentrico, com excecao de H. p. joaquini que apresenta o par 11 submetacentrico e o par 10 metacentrico. Nao foi encontrado nenhum heteromorfismo cromossomico nos exemplares analisados. Em H. caingua e H. p. pulchella foi encontrada constricao secundaria coincidindo com a localizacao da NOR. A nao deteccao de constricao secundaria nas demais especies pode ser atribuida ou a sua ausencia ou ao grau de empacotamento dos cromossomos. Todas as especies apresentaram apenas uma NOR ativa e nao foi encontrada heterocromatina associada a esses cistrons. Na espermatogenese, a marcacao pela prata foi observada ate o paquiteno e em espermatide em espermiacao. A marcacao em espermatides pode ser atribuida a "vacuolos" contendo material resultante da desintegracao nucleolar. Todas as especies, com excecao de H. p. pulchella, apresentaram heterocromatina centromerica em quase todos os cromos somos, e algumas bandas intersticiais comuns a maioria das especies analisadas. Foram tambem encontradas diferencas inter e intrapopulacionais em H prasina quanto a distribuicao da heterocromatina. As caracteristicas cariotipicas e os padroes de banda C e de NOR obtidos permitiram-nos verificar que tais especies e subespecies podem ser reconhecidas por esses padroes. Porem, H prasina (as tres populacoes) e H. semiguttata podem ser consideradas mais proximas entre si e H p. joaquini, pode ser considerada uma especie nao pertencente ao grupo pulchella, uma vez que tambem sua morfologia e padrao de canto sao bastante diferenciados em relacao as demais especies aqui estudadas Abstract
Chronic pain in a geographically defined general population: studies of differences in age, gender, social class, and pain localization.

OBJECTIVE To establish basic epidemiological data on chronic pain (duration > 3 months) in a defined population. Relationships between age, gender, and social class were tested. DESIGN A survey of pain symptoms, including location, intensity, duration, and functional capacity, was conducted by means of a mail questionnaire. SETTING General populations in two Swedish primary health care districts. Medical care was provided in a state health system. SUBJECTS A random sample (from the population register) of 15% of the population aged 25-74 (n = 1,806). The response rate was 90%. OUTCOME MEASURES Descriptive epidemiologic data in relation to objectives of the study. RESULTS Without sex differences, 55% (95% confidence interval, 53-58%) of the population had perceived persistent pain for 3 months and 49% for 6 months. Among individuals with chronic pain, 90% localized their pain to the musculoskeletal system to a variable extent. Women experienced more multiple localizations of pain and had pain in the neck, shoulder, arm, and thigh to a greater extent than men. Prevalence of pain increased by age up to 50-59 years for both genders and then slowly decreased. The neck-shoulder area was the most common site of pain (30.2%), followed by the lower back (23.2%). Even in the youngest age groups more than one of four reported chronic pain. Blue-collar workers and employers (including farmers) reported chronic pain to a greater extent than other groups. In 13% of the population, manifest pain problems were associated with reduced functional capacity. CONCLUSION Chronic pain symptoms are common but unevenly distributed in a general population. The results may influence planning and consultation in primary health care as well as warranting selective prevention activities.
Categories of frames for modal logic

§1. A complete atomic modal algebra (CAMA) is a complete atomic Boolean algebra with an additional completely additive unary operator. A (Kripke) frame is just a binary relation on a nonempty set. If is a frame, then is a CAMA, where mX = {y ∣ (∃x)(y < x Є X)}; and if is a CAMA then is a frame, where is the set of atoms of and b1 < b2 ⇔ b1 ∩ mb2 ≠∅. Now , and the validity of a modal formula on is equivalent to the satisfaction of a modal algebra polynomial identity by and conversely, so the validity-preserving constructions on frames ought to be in some sense equivalent to the identity-preserving constructions on CAMA's. The former are important for modal logic, and many of the results of universal algebra apply to the latter, so it is worthwhile to fix precisely the sense of the equivalence. The most important identity-preserving constructions on CAMA's can be described in terms of homomorphisms and complete homomorphisms. Let and be the categories of CAMA's with homomorphisms and complete homomorphisms, respectively. We shall define categories and of frames with appropriate morphisms, and show them to be dual respectively to and . Then we shall consider certain identity-preserving constructions on CAMA's and attempt to describe the corresponding validity-preserving constructions on frames. The proofs of duality involve some rather detailed calculations, which have been omitted. All the category theory a reader needs to know is in the first twenty pages of [7].
Investigating Neck Pain in Wheelchair Users

Boninger ML, Cooper RA, Fitzgerald SG, Lin J, Cooper R, Dicianno B, Liu B: Investigating neck pain in wheelchair users. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2003;82:197–202. Objective Despite the fact that wheelchair users are exposed to risk factors for neck and upper back pain (NP), little is known about the impact and possible diagnoses associated with NP. The purpose of this study was to examine the significance of NP in wheelchair users and to determine if a portion of the NP may be myofascial in origin. Design Cross-sectional cohort study using questionnaires and physical exams to evaluate NP in a convenience sample of wheelchair users from the National Veteran’s Wheelchair Games. Main outcome measures included reported NP, visual analog scale of neck complaints, Neck Disability Index, and physical examination findings of trigger points. Results Sixty-six percent of subjects reported NP since becoming a wheelchair user and, 60% reported pain during the past month. Neither age nor length of time in a wheelchair was significantly different between those subjects who did and those subjects who did not report pain. Of those respondents who reported NP, 60% visited the doctor about the pain and 40% limited their daily activities due to the pain. Trigger-point palpation reproduced pain in 54% of those respondents who experienced pain in the past month (n = 34). Conclusion This study provides a first step in defining the prevalence and significance of NP among wheelchair users. Clinicians who work with this population need to ask subjects about symptoms and consider a myofascial origin for that pain when considering treatment.
Innervation of the Pelvic Floor Muscles: A Reappraisal for the Levator Ani Nerve

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the clinical anatomy of the levator ani nerve and its topographical relationship with the pudendal nerve. METHODS: Ten female pelves were dissected and a pudendal nerve blockade was simulated. The course of the levator ani nerve and pudendal nerve was described quantitatively. The anatomical data were verified using (immuno-)histochemically stained sections of human fetal pelves. RESULTS: The levator ani nerve approaches the pelvic-floor muscles on their visceral side. Near the ischial spine, the levator ani nerve and the pudendal nerve lie above and below the levator ani muscle, respectively, at a distance of approximately 6 mm from each other. The median distance between the levator ani nerve and the point of entry of the pudendal blockade needle into the levator ani muscle was only 5 mm. CONCLUSION: The levator ani nerve and the pudendal nerve are so close at the level of the ischial spine that a transvaginal “pudendal nerve blockade” would, in all probability, block both nerves simultaneously. The clinical anatomy of the levator ani nerve is such that it is prone to damage during complicated vaginal childbirth and surgical interventions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II-3
Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Production by myelin basic protein adsorbed on particulate adjuvants.

Aqueous solutions of myelin basic proteins do not cause allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). They were rendered encephalitogenic for rats by admixture with kaolin, talc, glass, uncharged and cation exchange polystyrene resins, carbon and microspheres. Binding of basic protein to some of these aqueous particulate adjuvants was demonstrated spectrophotometrically. Absorption into the lymphatic system was demonstrated histologically. Binding of basic protein to adjuvant can occur in vivo. Basic protein was also bound by a carbon of relatively large particle size. Nevertheless, this carbon and certain other particulates failed to act as adjuvants, probably because they were not absorbed into the lymphatic system. An anion exchange resin, carbonyl iron, and some other particulates were abundantly absorbed into the lymphatic system but exhibited no adjuvant effect with basic protein, even though they do have an adjuvant effect for whole neural tissue. Their lack of effect with the purified antigen was explained by failure to bind basic protein.
Transcriptional interference by RNA polymerase pausing and dislodgement of transcription factors

Transcriptional interference is the in cis suppression of one transcriptional process by another. Mathematical modeling shows that promoter occlusion by elongating RNA polymerases cannot produce strong interference. Interference may instead be generated by (1) dislodgement of slow-to-assemble pre-initiation complexes and transcription factors and (2) prolonged occlusion by paused RNA polymerases.
Aporphine Alkaloids of Cinnamomum mollissimum and their Bioactivities

A chemical investigation of the crude extracts of Cinnamomum mollissimum bark resulted in the isolation of five aporphine alkaloids, namely N-methyl-1,2,10-trimethoxyaporphine, N-methylhernagine, N-methylhernovine, hernagine and hernovine. Their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis. The alkaloid crude extract demonstrated significant antibacterial and antioxidant activities.
An approach for fault detection and diagnosis of rotating electrical machine using vibration signal analysis

In the present scenario electric motor plays the most important role in any industry. Induction motor faults results in motor failure causing breakdown and great loss of production due to shutdown of industry and also increases the running cost of machine with reduction in efficiency. This needs for early detection of fault with diagnosis of its root cause. This paper presents an approach for fault detection and diagnosis of rotating electrical machine using vibration signal analysis. The experimental result shows variation in vibration signal of rotating electrical machine under healthy condition and faulty condition. The information is based on the author's study in the field of rotating machinery vibration diagnostics under different fault condition.
Effect of Carotid Artery Stenting on Cognitive Function in Patients With Carotid Artery Stenosis: Preliminary Results

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Stenosis of the carotid artery may be a cause of reduced cognitive performance that can be ameliorated with placement of a stent. The goal of this study was to measure cognitive performance and speed of psychomotor performance prospectively before and after carotid stent placement. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Patients referred for stent placement for a unilateral carotid artery stenosis were enrolled in the study. Neuropsychologic testing was performed with a Mini-Mental State Examination, an extended mental status examination, a subjective cognitive status measure, and a psychomotor performance test for speed. The severity of the stenosis was measured on angiograms performed before stent placement. Three months after stent placement, CT angiograms were performed and the neuropsychologic testing was repeated. Differences in neuropsychologic test scores before and after stent placement were calculated and tested for significance with a Student t test. RESULTS:Seventeen patients with a single unilateral carotid stenosis of more than 50% completed the study. Stenosis of the carotid artery averaged 80% before treatment and 18% after treatment. After stenting, the scores from the extended mental status examination improved significantly. The scores from the subjective cognitive status measure also improved. No significant change was noted in the scores from the Mini-Mental State Examination or in the speed of psychomotor performance. CONCLUSION:Carotid stent placement in patients with a unilateral stenosis of the carotid artery resulted in significant improvement in cognitive test scores in this highly selected patient group. Further studies are needed to confirm these preliminary observations.
5.8-GHz planar hybrid rectenna for wireless powered applications

This paper presents a high-efficiency low-reradiation planar rectifying antenna (rectenna). The rectenna is composed of a high-gain cavity-backed circular patch antenna using novel coplanar feeding structure and a low-profile microstrip rectifying circuit. The cavity-backed antenna achieved the gain of 9.17dBi and the -20dB return loss bandwidth of approximately 1.4%. The rectifying circuit has a harmonics filter that suppresses the reradiated harmonics under -59 dBc. The RF-to-dc conversion efficiency of the rectenna element was measured as 71.4% with a 266mW input power. Over 13W DC output power was demonstrated using the 52- element triangular array.
Structure-Based Mutagenesis Study of Hepatitis C Virus NS3 Helicase

ABSTRACT The NS3 protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a bifunctional protein containing a serine protease in the N-terminal one-third, which is stimulated upon binding of the NS4A cofactor, and an RNA helicase in the C-terminal two-thirds. In this study, a C-terminal hexahistidine-tagged helicase domain of the HCV NS3 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity by conventional chromatography. The purified HCV helicase domain has a basal ATPase activity, a polynucleotide-stimulated ATPase activity, and a nucleic acid unwinding activity and binds efficiently to single-stranded polynucleotide. Detailed characterization of the purified HCV helicase domain with regard to all four activities is presented. Recently, we published an X-ray crystallographic structure of a binary complex of the HCV helicase with a (dU)8oligonucleotide, in which several conserved residues of the HCV helicase were shown to be involved in interactions between the HCV helicase and oligonucleotide. Here, site-directed mutagenesis was used to elucidate the roles of these residues in helicase function. Four individual mutations, Thr to Ala at position 269, Thr to Ala at position 411, Trp to Leu at position 501, and Trp to Ala at position 501, produced a severe reduction of RNA binding and completely abolished unwinding activity and stimulation of ATPase activity by poly(U), although the basal ATPase activity (activity in the absence of polynucleotide) of these mutants remained intact. Alanine substitution at Ser-231 or Ser-370 resulted in enzymes that were indistinguishable from wild-type HCV helicase with regard to all four activities. A mutant bearing Phe at Trp-501 showed wild-type levels of basal ATPase, unwinding activity, and single-stranded RNA binding activity. Interestingly, ATPase activity of this mutant became less responsive to stimulation by poly(U) but not to stimulation by other polynucleotides, such as poly(C). Given the conservation of some of these residues in other DNA and RNA helicases, their role in the mechanism of unwinding of double-stranded nucleic acid is discussed.
Approximate ordinary differential equations for the optimal exercise boundaries of American put and call options

We revisit the American put and call option valuation problems. We derive analytical formulas for the option prices and approximate ordinary differential equations for the optimal exercise boundaries. Numerical simulations yield accurate option prices and comparable computational speeds when benchmarked against the binomial method for calculating option prices. Our approach is based on the Mellin transform and an adaptation of the Kármán–Pohlausen technique for boundary layers in fluid mechanics.
Genome-wide screen identifies host genes affecting viral RNA recombination.

Rapid evolution of RNA viruses with mRNA-sense genomes is a major concern to health and economic welfare because of the devastating diseases these viruses inflict on humans, animals, and plants. To test whether host genes can affect the evolution of RNA viruses, we used a Saccharomyces cerevisiae single-gene deletion library, which includes approximately 80% of yeast genes, in RNA recombination studies based on a small viral replicon RNA derived from tomato bushy stunt virus. The genome-wide screen led to the identification of five host genes whose absence resulted in the rapid generation of new viral RNA recombinants. Thus, these genes normally suppress viral RNA recombination, but in their absence, hosts become viral recombination "hotbeds. " Four of the five suppressor genes are likely involved in RNA degradation, suggesting that RNA degradation could play a role in viral RNA recombination. In contrast, deletion of four other host genes inhibited virus recombination, indicating that these genes normally accelerate the RNA recombination process. A comparison of deletion strains with the lowest and the highest recombination rate revealed that host genes could affect recombinant accumulation by up to 80-fold. Overall, our results demonstrate that a set of host genes have a major effect on RNA virus recombination and evolution.
GPU Visualization and Voxelization of Yarn-Level Cloth

Most popular methods in cloth rendering rely on volumetric data in order to model complex optical phenomena such as sub-surface scattering. Previous work represents yarns as a sequence of identical but rotated cross-sections. While these approaches are able to produce very realistic illumination models, the required volumetric representation is difﬁcult to compute and render, forfeiting any interactive feedback. In this paper, we introduce a method based on the GPU for simultaneous visualization and voxelization, suitable for both interactive and ofﬂine rendering. Ourmethod can interactively voxelize millions of polygons into a 3D texture, generating a volume with sub-voxel accuracy which is suitable even for high-density weaving such as linen.