Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Demografía del tiburón tollo Carcharhinus falciformis (Bibron, 1839) y del tiburón zorro Alopias spp. en aguas de Galápagos, Ecuador.

The objective of this study is to provide demographics data for the Thresher Shark (Alopias spp.) and the Silky Shark (Carcharhinus falciformis) based on age analysis estimated through growth marks deposited in the vertebrae of 300 individuals. The sharks were obtained from an illegal fishing boat seized on July 2011 in the Galapagos Islands. The boat “Fer Mary I” contained seven species of sharks, of which 79.95% were Alopias spp. and 11.08% Carcharhinus falciformis. Females were predominant in both species (1M: 2H). We found a relationship within male and female of 1.5M: 1F in silky sharks and 1M: 2F in thresher sharks. To estimate the age, we used four methods: silver nitrate, X -rays, acrylic resin and histopathological plates. The best method to determine the age for Alopias spp. was through X-rays due to the ease of reading. For Carcharhinus falciformis the four methods had similar results. The age groups found in the Alopias spp. Samples were: for females from 5 to 21 years (mode in 6). For males: between 6 to 19 years, mode in 18. For Carcharhinus falciformis: the groups to age for females were from7 to 15 with mode in 10. For males: between 5 to 19 years, mode 5. For Alopias spp. the age ranged from 5 - 21 years with a mode of 6 for females and 6 -19 with a mode of 18 for males. For Carcharhinus falciformis the age ranged from7 - 15 with a mode of 10 for females and 5 - 19 with a mode of 5 for males. In Alopias spp. there were more adults (63%) than young, whereas in Carcharhinus falciformis there was a higher percentage of juveniles (59.26%). No significant difference in size was found between males and females. The relationship between the radius of the vertebrae and body length (LC L whereas thresher sharks (Alopias spp.) appear to grow independently considering growth layers in vertebrae and body size: LC:(r2=0.198) LD: (r2=0.26). The relationship between the radius of the vertebrae and body length (LC & LD) in Silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis) was linear (r2 = 0.78) for LC and (r2=0.70) for LD, indicating that both variables grow proportionally; whereas thresher sharks (Alopias spp.) appear to grow independently considering growth layers in vertebrae and body size: LC: (r2=0.198) LD: (r2=0.26).
Cervical Cancer Mortality in East-Central European Countries

Changes that took place in Europe in the early 1990s had an impact on health-associated issues. They were an impulse for the changes in healthcare systems and, consequently, also for the changes in cancer control programmes. Those changes also had an effect on mortality rates due to cervical cancer (CC). Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyse CC mortality trends in east-central Europe after 1990. Data on deaths due to CC were retrieved from the WHO Mortality Database. Trends in east-central European countries between 1990 and 2017 were assessed using Joinpoint Regression Program software. CC mortality decreased in the majority of analysed countries. However, an increase was observed in Latvia and Bulgaria. Despite decreasing mortality in the majority of the analysed countries, significant differences were observed. In order to improve the epidemiological situation, effective early detection programmes for cervical cancer ought to be rearranged and based not only on pap smears but also on molecular methods, as well as on introducing widespread programmes of vaccination against HPV.
PENGARUH PERBEDAAN KONSENTRASI BAHAN PADA PENGENCER SPERMA IKAN “ SKIM KUNING TELUR “ TERHADAP LAJU FERTILISASI, LAJU PENETASAN DAN SINTASAN IKAN MAS (CYPRINUS CARPIO L.)

Batu, with the aim to determine the effect of different concentrations of materials in fish sperm diluent “Skim Yellow Egg” on the fertilization rate, hatching rate and sintasan carp (Cyprinus carpio L. ). The information gained is expected to assist fish farmers in general and fish hatchery unit or the people in the context of intensification and efficiency in particular fish spawning carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) The research method used is an experimental method, a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Treatment to be studied consisted of 4 treatments and 1 control with 3 replicates, four treatments is the ratio of diluent materials Skim Yellow Egg. The results of the research are the highest fertilization rate was found in treatment A (53.33%) and lowest in treatment D (37.67%), the rate of hatch (hatching rate) are the highest in treatment A (41.67%) and lowest in treatment D (31.33%), survival (survival rate) are the highest in treatment B (94.67%) and lowest in treatment A (93.33%). The conclusions showed that differences in the concentration of fish sperm diluent “Skim Yellow Egg” has a very significant effect on fertilization rate but no effect on hatching rate and sintasana carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). From the results of this study are advised to obtain the best fertilization rate, should be used in treatment A formulation as follows: 50 ml distilled water, 6.25 g Skim Milk, Egg yolk 3.125 g, 0.625 g Fructose, Penicilin 0.213 g and 0.1 g streptomycin
Role of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1 in Translational Regulation in the M-Phase

Cyclin dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) has been primarily identified as a key cell cycle regulator in both mitosis and meiosis. Recently, an extramitotic function of CDK1 emerged when evidence was found that CDK1 is involved in many cellular events that are essential for cell proliferation and survival. In this review we summarize the involvement of CDK1 in the initiation and elongation steps of protein synthesis in the cell. During its activation, CDK1 influences the initiation of protein synthesis, promotes the activity of specific translational initiation factors and affects the functioning of a subset of elongation factors. Our review provides insights into gene expression regulation during the transcriptionally silent M-phase and describes quantitative and qualitative translational changes based on the extramitotic role of the cell cycle master regulator CDK1 to optimize temporal synthesis of proteins to sustain the division-related processes: mitosis and cytokinesis.
Some observations on the use of the in vivo fluorescence technique to determine chlorophyll‐a in natural populations and cultures of freshwater phytoplankton

SUMMARY. The variation in the ratio (R) between cellular fluorescence of chlorophyll-a and unit extractable chlorophyll-a was examined with natural populations of phytoplankton and unialgal cultures. Photo-inhibition of in vivo fluorescence was observed al high values of irradiance with natural populations and in algal cultures, except with blue-green algae. If samples were dark-adapted (< 6 W m−2) before measurements were made, changes of fluorescence due to photo-inhibition could be minimized. Measurements of in vivo fluorescence with dark-adapted samples of phytoplankton, dominated by species showing large values of R, gave significant correlations (P< 0.001) with determinations of chlorophyll-a concentration over periods of several weeks. The values for R for blue-green algae were appreciably lower than for other algal groups. This, and their lack of photo-inhibition effects at high irradiance values, are attributed to the association of most of chlorophyll-a with photosystem I which fluoresces weakly compared to chlorophyll-a in photosystem II. The significance of these findings for ecological studies is discussed.
Regions, Absorptive Capacity and Strategic Coupling with High-Tech TNCs

This article is concerned with what conditions successful development of high-tech regions in developing countries. It argues that the recent regional turn in development studies should be welcomed as regions play an increasingly important role for high-tech industries in developed and developing countries. While acknowledging the insights stemming from the regional turn the article nevertheless argues the need to extent the theoretical perspectives and to apply a regional innovation systems (RIS) approach. RIS has its strength in theoretically linking regions and high-tech industries. This article contextualises RIS to the situations characterising developing countries. Special attention is paid to how regions in developing countries can engage in a strategic coupling with high-tech TNCs. The importance of RIS as an analytical approach and tool for policy prescription is illustrated by two Asian high-tech cases, namely Bangalore's IT RIS in India and Shanghai's high-tech RIS in China.
Macroinvertebrate communities of mediterranean ponds (North Iberian Plateau): importance of natural and human‐induced variability

Summary 1. The effects of natural and human-induced variability on the composition of macroinvertebrate communities of 28 ponds located in the North Iberian Plateau (Spain) were studied to determine the best predictors of community structure. 2. Constrained ordination was used to identify the main factors explaining the among-pond variance in abundance (as catch per unit effort) of total macroinvertebrate and Chironomidae assemblages and trophic structure (functional feeding groups). 3. Variance partitioning showed that human disturbance (represented by a pond condition index, total phosphorus concentration and pesticides) was the best predictor of macroinvertebrate community structure, whereas factors, such as habitat and biotic variables were of secondary importance. Factors controlling the chironomid community were broadly similar to those acting on the whole community of macroinvertebrates. In contrast, trophic structure was mainly determined by habitat and biotic variables. 4. Our results show that macroinvertebrates may be used as effective indicators of the ecological status of Mediterranean ponds. The Chironomidae deserve special attention because they were the dominant group in the study ponds and the strongest explanatory variable for their distribution was degradation.
Imprinting and critical periods in early development

The review addresses the fundamental process of ‘imprinting’. In his classical studies on newly hatched goslings Konrad Lorenz analysed the development of social binding and established the term ‘imprinting’ to describe this process. One of his major ideas was that imprinting occurs in ‘critical periods’, which are limited and severely restricted to the animal's very early life. For some time past, the term ‘imprinting’ is also used for an epigenetic mechanism, the ‘genomic imprinting’, which can be simply defined as gamete-of-origin dependent modification of genotype. Furthermore, in the course of the perinatal period ‘imprinting’ of physiological control systems occurs. Functional systems of the organism develop from open loop systems without feedback control into closed systems controlled by feedback mechanism. During ‘critical periods’, the actual environment influences the development of the respective physiological control systems for the entire life period, especially by changes in neuroorganization and expression of related effector genes. On the one hand, these mechanisms may cause perinatal malprogramming, which has been related to, e.g., metabolic disorders and cardiovascular diseases during later life in humans as well as in animals. On the other hand, knowledge on these mechanisms might be specifically used to induce long-term adaptation of the organism, for instance, to the postnatal climatic conditions (epigenetic temperature adaptation). Furthermore, the question if ‘critical period’ and ‘sensitive period’ are synonymous or different, and problems of identifying these developmental windows are discussed. Environmental manipulation of immature physiological mechanisms may be a physiological tool for characterization of ‘critical periods’.
Neuronal specification in C. elegans: combining lineage inheritance with intercellular signaling

Abstract The nervous system is composed of a high diversity of neuronal types. How this diversity is generated during development is a key question in neurobiology. Addressing this question is one of the reasons that led Sydney Brenner to develop the nematode C. elegans as a model organism. While there was initially a debate on whether the neuronal specification follows a ‘European’ model (determined by ancestry) or an ‘American’ model (determined by intercellular communication), several decades of research have established that the truth lies somewhere in between. Neurons are specified by the combination of transcription factors inherited from the ancestor cells and signaling between neighboring cells (especially Wnt and Notch signaling). This converges to the activation in newly generated postmitotic neurons of a specific set of terminal selector transcription factors that initiate and maintain the differentiation of the neuron. In this review, we also discuss the evolution of these specification mechanisms in other nematodes and beyond.
TILLERING AND LEAF AREA OF WINTER BARLEY EXPOSED TO SULPHUR DIOXIDE IN THE FIELD.

Winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L., cv. 'Igri'), grown as a crop in the field, was exposed to SO2 concentrations ranging from 40 to 200 ppb [parts per billion (109 ) by volume] above ambient. From spring onwards, plants at 40 and 50 ppb were consistently the heaviest, having slightly more tillers than plants in the other plots. In the range 80 to 200 ppb SO2 , the plants usually had fewer tillers than the controls, but this difference was not consistent throughout the season. Trends in the numbers and weights of tillers were interpreted as circumstantial evidence that 80 to 200 ppb of SO2 may have decreased assimilate production. Leaf area in May was markedly bigger in fumigated plants than in the controls. At 80 to 200 ppb the increases may have resulted from the plants having diverted a greater proportion of shoot dry weight into leaf tissue and from increased specific leaf area. These responses of 'Igri' barley in the field resembled those obtained by other workers for the same variety grown in controlled environments.
Bases génétiques de l’obésité familiale au Québec

Des progres considerables ont ete accomplis au cours des dix dernieres annees dans la comprehension des bases genetiques de l’obesite et des complications metaboliques qui lui sont associees. Il est maintenant bien etabli que les differentes formes d’obesite constituent des etats ayant tendance a se concentrer dans les familles et que les ressemblances familiales qu’on observe sont en partie determinees par les genes. Le nombre de genes potentiellement impliques dans le developpement de l’obesite ne cesse de croitre. Cet article fait le point sur le role de l’heredite dans l’obesite et sur les genes et locus qui ont, a ce jour, ete associes a l’obesite au sein de l’etude des familles de Quebec.
Observed and predicted effects of climate on Australian seabirds

Abstract Although there is growing evidence of climate warming, for many regions the broader effects of climate variation on marine top predators remains unknown owing to the difficulty in obtaining, for synthesis, long-term and short-term datasets on multiple species. In the Australian region, climatic and oceanographic variability and change have been shown to affect marine species, often with profound consequences. Many seabirds are apex predators for which changes in climatic and oceanic dynamics have driven range movements poleward, reduced breeding success and altered breeding timing for some species. Here we review the literature to assess and determine the vulnerability of Australian seabirds to variation and change in climate and identify which species and ecosystems may be more resilient to future climate warming. It is clear from this synthesis that not all Australian seabirds are affected similarly, with responses varying by species and location. In addition, the paucity of information on the distribution and biology of seabird prey, foraging patterns and movements of seabirds, and the ability of seabirds to switch between prey species or adjust timing of life-cycles make generalisations about potential effects of future climate change and adaptive capacity in seabirds difficult. This applies both within Australia and elsewhere, where data are similarly sparse.
Identification of Ovarian Cancer Susceptibility Genes Involved in Stromal-Epithelial Interactions

Abstract : The purpose of this project is to identify ovarian cancer susceptibility genes involved in stromal-epithelial cross talk. We have now genotyped 2138 samples for 1536 tagging, non-synonymous and miRNA binding site SNPs in 174 genes. Following Quality Control exclusions, the final dataset comprised 1839 samples (675 cases and 1164 controls) with genotype information for 1292 SNPs in 174 genes. We are using P(trend) values to select 25-30 SNPs for independent validation in ~2000 cases and ~4000 controls from other sites. Four of these SNPs will also be genotyped by the whole of the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (OCAC) (~4500 case and ~6500 controls). Currently our most significant finding is for a SNP in the podocalyxin-like (PODXL) gene for which the P(trend) = 0.0001, with a Positive Predictive Value of 33 %, and a Homozygote OR = 1.75 (95% CI 1.28-3.38).
Proximity-accelerated Chemical Coupling Reaction in the Benzodiazepine-binding Site of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptors

Benzodiazepines are widely used drugs. They exert sedative/hypnotic, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsant effects and act through a specific high affinity binding site on the major inhibitory neurotransmitter receptor, the γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor. Ligands of the benzodiazepine-binding site are classified into three groups depending on their mode of action: positive and negative allosteric modulators and antagonists. To rationally design ligands of the benzodiazepine site in different isoforms of the GABAA receptor, we need to understand the relative positioning and overlap of modulators of different allosteric properties. To solve these questions, we used a proximity-accelerated irreversible chemical coupling reaction. GABAA receptor residues thought to reside in the benzodiazepine-binding site were individually mutated to cysteine and combined with a cysteine-reactive benzodiazepine site ligand. Direct apposition of reaction partners is expected to lead to a covalent reaction. We describe here such a reaction of predominantly α1H101C and also three other mutants (α1G157C, α1V202C, and α1V211C) with an Imid-NCS derivative in which a reactive isothiocyanate group (–NCS) replaces the azide group (–N3) in the partial negative allosteric modulator Ro15-4513. Our results show four contact points of imidazobenzodiazepines with the receptor, α1H101C being shared by classical benzodiazepines. Taken together with previous data, a similar orientation of these ligands within the benzodiazepine-binding pocket may be proposed.
Timing of sperm transfer in Diacamma pallidum

Abstract Diacamma species (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) differ from other ants by the extremely long duration of copulation. By using histological sections through mating pairs of Diacamma pallidum (F. Smith), it is demonstrated that the transfer of sperm to the female genital tract only takes 2 min and is completed quickly after the onset of copulation, although the male and female will remain connected for many hours. Next to the two traditional hypotheses of mate guarding and mate manipulation commonly invoked to explain prolonged copulations, a new hypothesis is proposed linked to the interference of the nestmate workers with the mating pair, and suggestions for further research are given.
Function of the chloroplastic hydrogenase in the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: A trvel from dark to light

In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, prolonged anaerobiosis leads to the expression of enzymes belonging to various fermentative pathways. Among them, oxygen-sensitive hydrogenases (HydA1/2) catalyze the synthesis of molecular hydrogen from protons and reduced ferredoxin in the stroma. In this work, by analyzing wild type and mutants affected in H2 production, we show that maximal PSII photosynthetic electron transfer during the first seconds of illumination after a prolonged dark-anaerobiosis period is linearly related to hydrogenase capacity. Based on the specific chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics typical of hydrogenase-deficient mutants, we set up an in vivo fluorescence imaging screening protocol allowing to isolate mutants impaired in hydrogenase expression or activity, as well as mutants altered in related metabolic pathways required for energy production in anaerobiosis. Compared to previously described screens for mutants impaired in H2 production, our screening method is remarkably fast, sensitive and noninvasive. Out of 3000 clones from a small-sized insertional mutant library, five mutants were isolated and the most affected one was analyzed and shown to be defective for the hydrogenase HydG assembly factor. Copyright a 2012, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Inhibition of chemokine (CXC motif) ligand 12/chemokine (CXC motif) receptor 4 axis (CXCL12/CXCR4)-mediated cell migration by targeting mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in human gastric carcinoma cells.

Guang Chen, Si-Meng Chen, Xiang Wang, Xiao-Fei Ding, Jian Ding, and Ling-Hua Meng The following text should be added to the end of the grant footnote: Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Y2110474 and Y12H310008). THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY VOL. 287, NO. 23, p. 19336, June 1, 2012 © 2012 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. Published in the U.S.A.