Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Retroviral-type zinc fingers and glycine-rich repeats in a protein encoded by CAT2.urule;6, a Tetrahymena gene active during meiosis

Abstract We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the cnjB gene from the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila. This gene is transcriptionally active only during early conjugation, peaking in meiotic prophase. It contains 13 introns, four transcription start points and codes for a putative polypeptide (CnjB) of 1748 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 200 kilodaltons and a pl of 7.9. The coding region of cnjB has a low GC content (32% GC) and unusual codon usage. The C-terminal one-third of CnjB consists of three repetitive domains. Introns were absent in this region of cnjB. One of the repetitive domains consists of seven CCHC or retroviral-type zinc fingers, a motif found in one or two copies in retroviral nucleocapsid proteins. This motif has also been found recently in seven copies in the human nucleic-acid binding protein CNBP, in an apparent CNBP homologue in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and in one copy in a Xenopus gene active in early embryos. The other two domains are on either side of the zinc finger domain and contain a repeated glycine-rich motif seen in the heterogeneous nuclear ribonuclear proteins A1 and A2/B1 as well as other proteins. Both CCHC zinc fingers and glycine-rich repeats have been found in proteins with single-stranded nucleic acid-binding activity as well as strand-annealing activity. CnjB is, to our knowledge, the first protein found to contain both types of motifs.
Breeding season, productivity, and fawning period of the mule deer in Utah.

is of a fragmentary nature and is widely scattered but of value to the managers of the mule deer herds. Knowledge of the breeding period makes it possible to establish hunting seasons which will cause a minimum of disturbance during that important time. A study of the average number of embryos per doe is invaluable as a guide to the fertility of the species. Prenatal sex ratios supply information as to the primary sex ratio for the species and are helpful to a better understanding of the mortality suffered by reason of a change in the proportion of the sexes. Many other
The Invasion of Native Forest by Phytophthora cinnamomi. III. Threat to the National Park, Wilson's Promontory, Victoria

Diseased vegetation was first reported from the northern slopes of the Vereker Range at Wilson's Promontory National Park in September 1970. Phytophthora cinnamomi was isolated from plants in diseased areas but not from unaffected localities. The pathogen has since invaded three types of plant community-dry sclerophyll woodland, heaths, and swamps-and can be isolated at all depths to 80 cm in deep sands. High inoculum potentials are found at depths of maximum root concentration, i.e, to about 32 cm. Except where free water occurs, the rate of extension of the disease is slow. Dominants of both tree and shrub strata are susceptible and have been killed. Highly susceptible shrubs of the understorey, such as Xanthorrhoea australis and Isopogon ceratophyllus, are destroyed first. These are followed 6-12 months later by less susceptible shrubs, and at least 12 months later symptoms appear in trees. This variation in time may be responsible for the characteristic mosaic appearance of diseased areas. Inoculation experiments on 9-month-old trees of Banksia serrata and Eucalyptus obliqua confirmed field observations of susceptibility and symptom expression. The origin of the disease at Wilson's Promontory and its ecological significance are examined. Experiments in control of the pathogen are reported and recommendations discussed for control within the National Park.
Pymetrozine, a Fast-Acting and Selective Inhibitor of Aphid Feeding. In-situ Studies with Electronic Monitoring of Feeding Behaviour

Pymetrozine, a pyridine azomethine compound, represents a novel insecticide with a selective activity against homopteran insects. It acts in a unique way: aphids are not knocked down on contact but seem to die of starvation. This implies an effect of pymetrozine on feeding behaviour. The aim of the present work was to elucidate how and at which step pymetrozine interferes with the complex mechanisms underlying phloem feeding. The effect of pymetrozine, applied in various ways, on different phases of stylet penetration and feeding activity of individual aphids was studied using the Electrical Penetration Graph technique (EPG). Initial choice experiments indicated that pymetrozine does not have a deterrent or antifeedant action. Topical application (150 ng pymetrozine mg -1 fresh weight) inhibited stylet insertion into the plant. When injected, less than 30 ng mg -1 was sufficient to produce the same effect. When pymetrozine was systemically applied via plant spraying or root uptake, aphids started feeding normally. After some time, however, they withdrew their stylets from the phloem and walked around with unaffected locomotion. At low doses aphids eventually recovered and resumed feeding. High doses, however, irreversibly disrupted feeding and prevented stylet reinsertion. Aphid motility was not affected up to an estimated haemolymph concentration of 1 mM pymetrozine. Aphids which eventually stopped feeding on pymetrozine-treated plants showed EPGs with distorted salivation/ingestion patterns. It is concluded that pymetrozine does not have a general toxic effect on aphids but selectively interferes with the nervous regulation of feeding behaviour which consequently results in death due to starvation after a few days.
Recruitment of Curly Mitchell Grass (Astrebla Lappacea) in North-Western New South Wales.

The recruitment of Astrebla lappacea was studied from 1986 to 1995 in a pasture in north-western NSW where the density of plants had declined from 1 to 3 plants/m2 in 1970 to 0.023 plants/m2 in 1986. Three treatments were imposed: ungrazed-sprayed-slashed, where annual weeds were treated with herbicides and slashing to reduce competition during recruitment; ungrazed-only; and grazed-only. The seed bank of A. lappacea was measured on four occasions and densities of A. lappacea plants determined after major rainfall events mainly in summer and autumn. On the ungrazed treatments the seed bank of A. lappacea increased from 0 in 1988 to 908, 898 and 286 germinable seed/m2 in, respectively, 1992, 1993 and 1995. Flowering and seedling recruitment occurred each year from 1988 to 1995 but seedlings only survived to become mature plants from the 1988 and 1992 recruitments. The major reason for the death of seedlings was dry conditions in the latter half of the year (1 10 to 135 mm of raid6 months). Frosts and competition from Brassicaceae weeds (mainly Raphistrum rugosum) in winter and spring also contributed to death of seedlings. Recruitment of seedlings and their survival to mature plants was higher on the ungrazed-sprayed-slashed treatment than on the other treatments. Recruitment and survival on the ungrazed-only treatment occurred because Brassicaceae weeds did not establish when recruiting rains fell in summer. Plant densit increased from 0.023 plants/m2 in 1986 to, respectively, 0.86, 0.64 Y and 0.004 mature plantdm and 7.88, 6.37, 0.10 seedlings/m2 on the ungrazed-sprayed-slashed, ungrazed-only and grazed-only treatments in 1995. On the grazed-only treatment the methods used to detect seeds revealed none in the soil during the experiment. However, some seeds were present because there was a low level of recruitment none of which survived to mature plants. The number of mature plants declined from 0.023 to 0.004/m2 indicating that under the present grazing system the complete elimination of A. lappacea from pastures in north-western NSW is possible if some form of managed recruitment is not devised.
Demosponges of the red coral bottoms from the Alboran Sea

This paper deals with a study of demosponge fauna inhabiting the red coral facies on the circalitoral bottoms surrounding the Alboran Island (Western Mediterranean, Alboran Sea). A total of 58 species were recognized, after examining a total of 107 sponges. Two of these species are new to science (Plakinastrella mixta sp. nov. and Leptolabis megachela sp. nov.) and another one (Rhaphidectyon spinosum Topsent) is recorded for the first time in the Mediterranean. Some other specimens collected belonging to poorly known species, such as Erylus papulifer Pulitzer-Finali, Isops anceps (Vosmaer), Spongosorites flavens Pulitzer-Finali and Timea cumana Pulitzer-Finali, are described briefly. Two controversial specimens, assigned to Microciona spinarcus and Plocamilla cf. novizelanica, are also described and discussed. A high degree of epibiosis and abundance of rare species were the major features characterizing the material studied.
Developmental Regulation of β‐Thymosins in the Rat Central Nervous System

Abstract: HPLC analysis of guanidinium hydrochloride extracts of neonatal and adult rat brain revealed a polypeptide that is present in high concentration in the immature nervous system, but whose levels decline dramatically in the adult. This polypeptide has been isolated and its complete amino acid sequence determined by gas‐phase Edman degradation following specific chemical and enzymatic cleavages. The molecule is identified as thymosin β10, a member of a multigene family that encodes a structurally conserved series of small acidic polypeptides of uncertain function. Thymosin β10 is present in the developing nervous system as early as embryonic day 9. Levels subsequently increase to peak values between embryonic day 15 and postpartum day 3, before falling to adult values (about a 20‐fold reduction) by postpartum day 14. The elevated levels of thymosin β10 in fetal and neonatal brain correlate with high levels of thymosin β10 mRNA, whereas the low values of the polypeptide in the adult and juvenile are mirrored by an approximate 15‐fold reduction in specific mRNA. In comparison, the levels of thymosin β4 polypeptide, a homologue of thymosin β10, only decline by about 20% during the same developmental period. However, the mRNA encoding thymosin β4 is elevated in fetal brain, and its levels decrease approximately four‐fold to a stable value around the time of birth. The reason for this discrepancy between thymosin β4 protein and mRNA levels is unknown. Thymosin β10 can also be detected by HPLC in fetal liver, where levels are approximately 5% of those in brain. In liver, thymosin β10 also declines following birth. It is concluded that β‐thymosin expression (as measured by steady‐state mRNA and polypeptide levels) is both up‐and down‐regulated during different phases of maturation of the mammalian nervous system.
EFFECT OF N6, 2'-O-DIBUTYRYL 3'5'-CYCLIC ADENOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE, 3', 5', -CYCLIC ADENOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE AND ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE ON ACETYLCHOLINE OUTPUT FROM CHOLINERGIC NERVES IN GUINEA PIG ILEUM

Recently, 3', 5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (3', 5'-cyclic AMP) is being discussed as the second messenger in the beta-adrenergic action (1) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as the inhibitory transmitter of the unknown nerves in the stomach (2). To date, these actions on the cholinergic nerves in the ileum are not yet clear. The objective of this paper is to examine the actions of 3', 5'-cyclic AMP, its dibutyryl derivative or N6, 2'-O-dibutyryl-3', 5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (dibutyryl cyclic AMP) and ATP on the cholinergic nerves in the guinea pig ileum.
The Role of Protein Denaturation, Extent of Proteolysis, and Storage Temperature on the Mechanism of Age Gelation in a Model System

Abstract A model system was used to investigate the effects of heat treatment, storage temperature, and proteolysis on the gelation time of both unconcentrated and concentrated (evaporated) milks. For unconcentrated milks, increasing levels of whey protein denaturation retarded the gelation process. Elevated storage temperatures accelerated the gelation process, but only in cases where milk samples had been previously proteolyzed. The actual extent of proteolysis was not related to gelation time. In evaporated milk, increasing temperature and extent of proteolysis reduced gelation time. Samples that had no induced proteolysis also gelled. Age gelation in unconcentrated and concentrated milks is controlled by two different mechanisms. In unconcentrated milk, gelation is a two-stage process where proteolysis is followed by nonenzymatic physicochemical changes. In concentrated milk, gelation occurrs by nonenzymatic physicochemical processes.
Nomenclature of Prochloron didemni (Lewin 1977) sp. nov., nom. rev., Prochloron (Lewin 1976) gen. nov., nom. rev., Prochloraceae fam. nov., Prochlorales ord. nov., nom. rev. in the class Photobacteria Gibbons and Murray 1978

We propose that the photosynthetic procaryotes containing chlorophylls a and b in the species Prochloron didemni sp. nov., genus Prochloron gen. nov., be placed under the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria by including the genus Prochloron in the family Prochloraceae fam. nov., order Prochlorales ord. nov. in the class Photobacteria Gibbons and Murray 1978, listed on the approved lists of bacterial names.
Greece Tackles Overbuilding in Tourist Areas

Greece is famed not only for its classical ruins and antiquities, but also for its dazzling sun and spectacular beaches. It has become a cradle of contemporary sunworshipping tourism as well as being a cradle of civilization. The numbers of tourists travelling to Greece has been spiralling upwards each year, and with them has come a major dilemma for the Greek Government: how to control the gross overbuilding of tourist facilities on those renowned coastlines and at the same time encourage even greater tourism. A developing country, Greece has at least three compelling reasons to promote international tourism: it is an important component of the national economy; it brings in large amounts of foreign exchange; and it offers employment (although generally seasonal) to tens of thousands of its citizens. However, uncontrolled development of tourist facilities on already cluttered shorelines is posing a major threat of environmental degradation — polluted water and beaches, high levels of noise, and traffic congestion. Unbridled development could destroy the very amenities that draw the millions of international tourists each year.
Long‐term variation in reproductive traits of Bibron's agama, agama impalearis, in Western Morocco

Abstract Female reproductive characteristics (clutch size [CS], egg volume [EV] and egg mass [EM]) of Agama impalearis and their annual variation were studied over a six‐year period (1993–1998) in the central Jbilet mountains, Western Morocco. Females produced one to two clutches per season and reproduced invariably from spring to late summer, irrespective of climatic conditions. Overall mean CS was 14 eggs per clutch (range: six to 23). CS was positively correlated with snout‐vent‐length (SVL), but not with relative laying date (RLD). There was no among year variation in CS within each age class with three‐year‐old females producing larger clutches over the studied period. Both SVL‐unadjusted and adjusted mean CSs varied significantly from year to year; the largest adjusted CS occurred in 1995 (14.6 + 0.6 eggs). A stepwise regression analysis using seasonal total precipitations and mean temperatures as independent variables indicated that clutch size is significantly related to spring precipitation, whereas it is not related to any other climatic variables tested, including all seasonal mean temperatures. Both EV and EM were not correlated with SVL, CS or RDL in any year, but they exhibit a significant annual variation with the smallest and lightest eggs produced in 1996 (1870.3 ± 372.4 mm3 and 1.05 ± 0.19 g, respectively) and the largest and heaviest ones in 1993 (2550.3 ± 647.7 mm3 and 1.16 ±0.27 g, respectively). Neither EV nor EM was related to precipitation or temperature. The results suggest that reproductive female A. impalearis are adapted to unpredictable proximate environmental factors, in particular spring precipitation which probably ensures sufficient resource levels for the long breeding season.
Central-place foraging in nursing, arthropod-gleaning bats

Central-place (CP) foraging theory predicts a positive correlation between the time a breeding CP forager spends in a patch and the distance of the patch to the CP. We found that nursing female Hemprich’s long-eared bats (Otonycteris hemprichii Peters, 1859; Vespertilionidae) that forage around a lake in the Negev roost in only two areas: one 0.5–2 km (near) and one 9 km (far) from the foraging area. If these bats are CP foragers, then the strategies of the two groups should differ. We predicted that females roosting farther away would have longer but fewer foraging bouts. Using radiotelemetry, we measured the activity of six females from the near site and three from the far site. Without exception, females from the far site made a single, prolonged foraging bout each night, while females roosting nearby made several shorter bouts. Among the females from the near site, daily foraging time, mean daily foraging bout length, and first daily foraging bout length were all significantly and positively correlate.
Erro na dispensação de medicamentos em um hospital público cardiopulmonar

Objective: To identify and evaluate the frequency of types of medication dispensing errors and their potential causes, in a public cardiopulmonary hospital. Methods: This was a prospective observational study carried out at a hospital pharmacy care to inpatients of a public cardiopulmonary hospital in the period from September to November 2014. After considering the separated medicines, dispensing errors were collected in a proper form, tabulated in spreadsheets (Excel) and presented by management tools: Pareto analysis to evaluate the frequency of the types of errors; Ishikawa diagram for evaluation the potential causes of errors; and indicator "error rate in dispensing drugs" to measure process performance. Results: Were found 95 errors in dispensing drugs of 1971 separated prescriptions that were categorized as "unidentified or unreadable" (29.5%), "overdose" (18.9%), "omission dose" (17.9%), "dispensed differs from the prescribed" (14.7%), "expired" (12.6%) and "lower concentration" (6.3%). The error rate in dispensing medicines obtained was 0.74%. The potential causes of these errors are associated with improper storage, interruptions in the separation procedure, lack of standardization of procedures; memory lapses and lack of continuing education. Conclusion: It was observed in the field and in the literature that the errors in dispensing drugs is a permanent risk in hospitals. Thus this process needs to be continuously evaluated. The management tools used assisted in identifying, analyzing and measuring the results being useful in monitoring the dispensing process for improvement.
Antioxidants in oats : Glyceryl esters of caffeic and ferulic acids

Of the antioxidants extracted from oats, 36% (by weight) consists of six compounds which are more strongly adsorbed on to silicic acid than those previously described, 1,2 One of these has been isolated by column chromatography. On hydrolysis it yields caffeic acid (2 moles), ferulic acid (1 mole), glycerol (1 mole) and long-chain ω-hydroxyacid (1 mole). The ω-hydroxyacid fraction contains the homologues, C22 (5%), C26 (64%), and C28 (31%). The probable structures of the compounds are discussed.
The Evolution of Traits Influencing Male and Female Fertility in Outcrossing Plants

Theoretical studies on the evolution of plant reproductive traits have often relied on simple population-genetics or phenotypic models that employ the evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) approach, but a quantitative genetic perspective may sometimes be more appropriate and can offer insight into the evolutionary process. The model developed here describes the evolution of quantitative traits influencing male and female fertilities in outcrossing hermaphroditic plants, and it addresses the evolution of separate sexes by major-gene mutation occurring in a quantitative genetic background This approach is appropriate because plant reproductive traits often vary quantitatively, and their expression is likely to be influenced by genes at many loci. The model is intuitively appealing because selection is measured on the observable multivariate phenotype rather than on the abstract currency of "allocation" used in ESS models. It is applicable to traits that cannot be treated in the context of sex allocation theory in addition to those that can. The close relation between equations for evolutionary change and multiple-regression techniques of statistical analysis provide a unified and rigorous framework in which to pose and test evolutionary hypotheses. Selection will favor the evolution of separate sexes only when the multivariate phenotype resulting in maximum fertility through female function is quite different from the phenotype giving maximum male fertility. The quantitative genetic perspective enriches studies of plant reproduction by bringing to the fore aspects such as morphological adaptation and the genetic basis of reproductive traits that have not been emphasized in previous theoretical studies and by suggesting avenues for future theoretical and empirical research.
Une analyse systémique des dispositifs de conseil à l'exploitation familiale en Afrique de l'Ouest

En Afrique de l’Ouest des dispositifs de conseil a l’exploitation agricole familiale ont ete developpes pour mieux repondre aux nouvelles attentes des producteurs. L’objectif de l’article est de montrer que ces dispositifs pluri-institutionnels peuvent etre apprehendes comme des systemes complexes dont le fonctionnement est fortement contraint par le mode de financement, les mecanismes de gouvernance, la qualite des ressources humaines disponibles, et les caracteristiques de la methode de conseil employee. L’analyse de deux etudes de cas, au Benin et au Burkina Faso, revele en effet que : i) il existe un besoin d’adaptation permanente de la methode d’intervention en fonction de l’evolution des capacites de financement et des ressources humaines disponibles ; ii) la nature et la qualite du conseil sont intimement liees aux competences des conseillers et des gestionnaires ; iii) les mecanismes de gouvernance pour piloter le conseil revelent les rapports sociaux entre acteurs et influent sur le contenu du conseil ; iv) les mecanismes de financement sont determinants dans la definition des regles de gouvernance. A partir de cette analyse, des enseignements sont tires pour l’appui a des dispositifs de conseil de ce type.