Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Indole induces the expression of multidrug exporter genes in Escherichia coli

Our comprehensive expression cloning studies previously revealed that 20 intrinsic xenobiotic exporter systems are encoded in the Escherichia coli chromosome, but most of them are not expressed under normal conditions. In this study, we investigated the compounds that induce the expression of these xenobiotic exporter genes, and found that indole induces a variety of xenobiotic exporter genes including acrD, acrE, cusB, emrK, mdtA, mdtE and yceL. Indole treatment of E. coli cells confers rhodamine 6G and SDS resistance through the induction of mdtEF and acrD gene expression respectively. The induction of mdtE by indole is independent of the EvgSA two‐component signal transduction system that regulates the mdtE gene, but mediated by GadX. On the other hand, the induction of acrD and mdtA was mediated by BaeSR and CpxAR, two‐component systems. Interestingly, CpxAR system‐mediated induction required intrinsic baeSR genes, whereas BaeSR‐mediated induction was observed in the cpxAR gene‐deletion mutant. BaeR and CpxR directly bound to different sequences of the acrD and mdtA promoter regions. These observations indicate that BaeR is a primary regulator, and CpxR enhances the effect of BaeR.
Effects of dehydration during cycling on skeletal muscle metabolism in females.

INTRODUCTION This study investigated the effects of progressive dehydration on the time course of changes to whole body substrate oxidation and skeletal muscle metabolism during 120 min of cycling in hydrated females. METHODS Subjects (n = 9) cycled for 120 min at approximately 65% VO(2peak) on two occasions: with no fluid (DEH) and with fluid (HYD) replacement to match sweat losses. Venous blood samples were taken at rest and every 20 min and muscle biopsies taken at 0, 60, and 120 min of exercise. RESULTS DEH subjects lost 0.9% body mass from 0 to 60 min and 1.1% from 60 to 120 min (2.0% total). HR and core temperature (Tc) were significantly greater from 30 to 120 min, plasma volume (Pvol) loss from 40 to 120 min, and RPE from 60 to 120 min in the DEH trial. There were no differences in VO(2) or sweat loss between trials. RER (HYD, 0.85 ± 0.01, vs. DEH, 0.87 ± 0.01) and total CHO oxidation (175 ± 17 vs. 191 ± 17 g) were higher in the DEH trial. Blood (La) was significantly higher in the DEH trial, with no change in plasma free fatty acid and epinephrine concentrations. Muscle glycogenolysis was 31% greater in the DEH trial (252 ± 49 vs. 330 ± 33 mmol.kg(-1) dry muscle), and muscle (La) was also higher at 60 min. CONCLUSION Progressive dehydration significantly increased HR, Tc, RPE, Pvol loss, whole body CHO oxidation, and muscle glycogenolysis, and these changes were already apparent in the first hour of exercise when body mass losses were ≤ 1%. The increased muscle glycogenolysis with DEH appeared to be due to increased core and muscle temperature, secondary to less efficient movement of heat from the core to the periphery.
Instructions for use Title Platelet reactivity in twin pregnancies

Background: Gestational thrombocytopenia is more likely to occur in twin than singleton pregnancies. However, it is unclear whether platelets are more reactive in twin than singleton pregnancies. Methods: Changes in spontaneous platelet aggregation and concomitant fall in platelet count were examined over 90 minutes after blood sampling in 171 and 52 citrated whole blood (CWB) samples from 59 and 17 women with singleton and twin pregnancies, respectively. Soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) levels in the plasma were also determined. Results: CWB 60 min after blood sampling during 2 trimester exhibited significantly larger numbers of platelet aggregates (1297±1600 vs. 497±432/μl, P=0.040) concomitant with significantly greater net decrease in platelet count (152±55 vs. 115±45×10/μl, P=0.036) in twin than singleton pregnancies, respectively. This was followed by significantly lower 3 trimester platelet count (181±43 vs. 229±62×10/l, P=0.009) with significantly greater mean platelet volume (8.0±1.2 vs. 7.1±1.1 fl, P=0.021) in twin than singleton pregnancies, respectively. The 3 trimester sP-selectin per platelet was significantly higher in twin than singleton pregnancies. Conclusions: Platelets were more reactive in the 2 trimester of twin than singleton pregnancies. This enhanced platelet reactivity may explain the decreased platelet count in the 3 trimester of twin pregnancy.
Clonidine premedication: a useful adjunct in producing deliberate hypotension

The effect of clonidine on the dose requirements of labetalol and isoflurane for hypotension was studied in 20 adult patients undergoing middleear surgery. Group I (10 patients) received as premedication only pethidine 1 mg.kg‐1 im. , and Group II (10 patients) clonidine 4–5 pg.kg‐1 p.o. in addition to pethidine. Fentanyl was used for analgesia and d‐tubocurarine for muscle relaxation. The dose of labetalol required to induce hypotension to the mean arterial pressure (MAP) 50 mmHg (6.7 kPa) was 0.85 ± 0.08 mg.kg‐1 in Group I, and 0.56 ± 0.08 mg. kg‐1 in Group II (P<.05). The mean isoflurane concentration in inspiratory gas for the maintenance of hypotension was 0.8 ± 0.1 vol% in Group I, and 0.6 ± 0.1 vol% in Group II (P<.05). Before hypotension, MAP decreased significantly in Group 11, and the heart rate (HR) decreased in both groups. There were no significant differences in MAP and HR between the groups during any phase. Urine flow rates (UF) were lower in Group II (0.23 ± 0.04 ml. min‐1) than in Group I (0.68 ± 0.16 ml. min‐1) before hypotension (P<0.05) and during hypotension (0.08 ± 0.02 ml.min‐1 vs. 0.68 ± 0.32 ml. min‐1, P<0.05). After anaesthesia, there was no difference in UF between the groups. The results indicate that clonidine can be used for deliberate hypotension to decrease the dose requirements of labetalol and isoflurane.
Acoustic Event Detection Method Using Semi-Supervised Non-Negative Matrix Factorization with Mixtures of Local Dictionaries

This paper proposes an acoustic event detection (AED) method using semi-supervised non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) with a mixture of local dictionaries (MLD). The proposed method based on semi-supervised NMF newly introduces a noise dictionary and a noise activation matrix both dedicated to unknown acoustic atoms which are not included in the MLD. Because unknown acoustic atoms are better modeled by the new noise dictionary learned upon classification and the new activation matrix, the proposed method provides a higher classification performance for event classes modeled by the MLD when a signal to be classified is contaminated by unknown acoustic atoms. Evaluation results using DCASE2016 task 2 Dataset show that F-measure by the proposed method with semi-supervised NMF is improved by as much as 11.1% compared to that by the conventional method with supervised NMF.
Tumorigenic Potential of miR‐18A* in Glioma Initiating Cells Requires NOTCH‐1 Signaling

Stem cell‐like properties of glioma initiating cells (GiCs) fuel glioblastoma (GBM) development by providing the different cell types that comprise the tumor. It is therefore likely that the molecular circuitries that regulate their decision to self‐renew or commit to a more differentiated state may offer targets for future innovative therapies. In previous micro‐RNA profiling studies to search for regulators of stem cell plasticity, we identified miR‐18a* as a potential candidate and its expression correlated with the stemness state. Here, using human GiCs we found that miR‐18a* expression promotes clonal proliferation in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. Mechanistically, ERK‐dependent induction of miR‐18a* directly represses expression of DLL3, an autocrine inhibitor of NOTCH, thus enhancing the level of activated NOTCH‐1. Activated NOTCH‐1 in turn is required for sustained ERK activation. This feed‐forward loop, driven by miR‐18a*, is required to turn on the SHH‐GLI‐NANOG network, essential for GiC self‐renewal. Hence, by tightly regulating expression of DLL3, miR‐18a* constitutes an important signaling mediator for fine tuning the level of GiC self‐renewal. STEM Cells2013;31:1252–1265
Secant method for uUnit Commitment with ramp rate constraints

This paper presents an application of a combined improved pre-prepared power demand (IPPD) table and secant method for solving the unit commitment (UC) problem of thermal units with ramp rate constraints. The UC problem is solved in two steps. First, the IPPD table obtains the information of committed units at each predicted power demands. Second, the procedure of economic dispatch (ED) is used to find the optimal allocation of the online generating units. Here ED sub problem is solved by secant method. The proposed method has been tested on a power system having 4 and 38 units for a scheduling horizon of 24 hours. Simulation results of the proposed method have been compared with existing methods. The comparison of results of the proposed method with the results of previous published methods shows that the proposed approach provides better qualitative solution with less computational time.
Statistical measures of orientation of texture for the detection of architectural distortion in prior mammograms of interval-cancer

Abstract. Architectural distortion is an important sign of early breast cancer. Due to its subtlety, it is often missed during screening. We propose a method to detect architectural distortion in prior mammograms of interval-cancer cases based on statistical measures of oriented patterns. Oriented patterns were analyzed in the present work because regions with architectural distortion contain a large number of tissue structures spread over a wide angular range. Two new types of cooccurrence matrices were derived to estimate the joint occurrence of the angles of oriented structures. Statistical features were computed from each of the angle cooccurrence matrices to discriminate sites of architectural distortion from falsely detected regions in normal parts of mammograms. A total of 4,224 regions of interest (ROIs) were automatically obtained from 106 prior mammograms of 56 interval-cancer cases and 52 mammograms of 13 normal cases with the application of Gabor filters and phase portrait analysis. For each ROI, Haralick’s 14 features were computed using the angle cooccurrence matrices. The best result obtained in terms of the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve with the leave-one-patient-out method was 0.76; the free-response ROC curve indicated a sensitivity of 80% at 4.2 false positives per patient.
Electrical transport and low-frequency noise in chemical vapor deposited single-layer MoS2 devices

We have studied temperature-dependent (77–300 K) electrical characteristics and low-frequency noise (LFN) in chemical vapor deposited (CVD) single-layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) based back-gated field-effect transistors (FETs). Electrical characterization and LFN measurements were conducted on MoS2 FETs with Al2O3 top-surface passivation. We also studied the effect of top-surface passivation etching on the electrical characteristics of the device. Significant decrease in channel current and transconductance was observed in these devices after the Al2O3 passivation etching. For passivated devices, the two-terminal resistance variation with temperature showed a good fit to the activation energy model, whereas for the etched devices the trend indicated a hopping transport mechanism. A significant increase in the normalized drain current noise power spectral density (PSD) was observed after the etching of the top passivation layer. The observed channel current noise was explained using a standard unified model incorporating carrier number fluctuation and correlated surface mobility fluctuation mechanisms. Detailed analysis of the gate-referred noise voltage PSD indicated the presence of different trapping states in passivated devices when compared to the etched devices. Etched devices showed weak temperature dependence of the channel current noise, whereas passivated devices exhibited near-linear temperature dependence.
Exploring possible applications of augmented reality in education

In recent years, use of Augmented Reality (AR) has been explored in a wide range of applications in various fields. Among these, one of the most inquired is the field of education. Many of these studies have shown that the use of AR in any learning environment promotes critical thinking, better understanding and motivates the learner for further studies. This is due to the real-time experience that AR brings with it to the learners. This paper reports some of the recent studies that list positive and negative impact of AR in an educational setting and how beneficial the employment of this technology is. The paper also gives an overview of some of the possible and promising applications of AR in the fields of science, social science, mathematics and language. Furthermore, the paper discusses trends and the vision towards future opportunities for possible research in augmented reality for education.
Selective deletion of the α5 subunit differentially affects somatic–dendritic versus axonally targeted nicotinic ACh receptors in mouse

We have compared the functional properties of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) within both somatic and presynaptic domains of superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurones from wild‐type (WT) mice with those expressed by SCG neurones from mice with a targeted deletion of the gene for the α5‐subunit. The functional profile of somatic nAChRs was assayed by direct macroscopic current recording and from measurements of nicotinic agonist‐induced calcium transients with fura‐2 imaging. The profile of nAChRs at presynaptic sites was assayed by measurement of nicotinic agonist‐induced transmitter release (as preloaded [3H]noradrenaline) under conditions of action potential blockade. We have examined the responses to the nicotinic agonists acetylcholine, nicotine, cytisine, dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide (DMPP) and epibatidine. Macroscopic current and calcium imaging assays revealed several differences in the functional profile of somatic nAChRs in WT SCG neurones compared with those from mice with the α5 subunit deleted. Somatic nAChRs in control animals were more potently activated by cytisine as compared to DMPP. In contrast, DMPP was consistently more potent than cytisine in mice lacking the α5 nAChR subunit. Differences in the somatic nAChR rank order of potency were most prominent after a least 1 day in vitro. The magnitude of somatic nAChR responses to nicotinic agonists was not substantially different in control mice compared with those of α5 subunit‐deleted animals. Comparison of presynaptic nAChR‐mediated responses in WT versusα5 subunit‐deleted animals revealed a very different set of changes in the functional profile of prejunctional nAChRs compared with somatic nAChRs. In contrast to somatic nAChRs, the responses of prejunctional receptors were markedly enhanced in α5 knockout animals compared with control. Furthermore, all prejunctional receptor responses were most potently activated by DMPP in both control and in α5 subunit‐deleted mice. Hence, the presence or absence of the α5 subunit did not affect the rank order of potency of agonists at preterminal sites but greatly affected the magnitude of presynaptic nAChR‐mediated responses. The enhanced efficacy of nicotine at presynaptic receptors was corroborated in an acute atrium preparation from postnatal α5 subunit‐deleted mice. These results confirm and significantly extend our previous observation that in the sympathetic nervous system, somatic and prejunctional receptors are different and rely on the presence of the α5 subunit in a distinct manner.
Just How Secure Are Security Products?

It's obvious that customers buy security products to keep their computer systems safe from viruses, hackers, and other cyber dangers. It's thus also obvious why some users may be surprised to find that their security products can actually cause security problems. Several times recently, products such as firewalls, antispam software, and intrusion prevention and detection software from vendors such as Check Point Software Technologies, Symantec, and Zone labs (a Check Point company) have been found to have potentially dangerous flaws that could let hackers gain control of systems, disable computers, or cause other problems. Security vendors may try to improve engineering and debugging in an effort to address at least some of the problems that cause vulnerabilities in security products.
Thromboxane A2 Receptor‐Mediated Cell Proliferation, Survival and Gene Expression in Oligodendrocytes

Thromboxane A2 receptors (TP) were previously localized to discrete regions in the rat brain on myelinated fiber tracts and oligodendrocytes (OLGs). The present studies extended these findings and investigated the effects of TP signaling on cell proliferation, survival, and gene expression in OLG progenitor cells (OPCs) and OLGs. It was found that the TP agonist, U46619 stimulated the proliferation of OPCs and promoted the survival of mature OLGs. Examination of the early gene expression events involved in OPC proliferation, revealed that c‐fos expression was substantially increased by U46619 stimulation. Treatment of OPCs or OLGs with U46619 caused activation of the mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPK) ERK 1/2. In OPCs this activation was blocked by inhibition of src. However, in OLGs this phosphorylation was not only blocked by inhibition of src but also by inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC). Furthermore, U46619 was found to increase CREB phosphorylation in both OPCs and OLGs. Similar to ERK 1/2 activation, there was a divergence in the mechanism of the TP‐mediated CREB response for each cell type. Specifically, U46619 activation was attenuated by src and protein kinase A (PKA) inhibition in OPCs, whereas in OLGs this effect was blocked by inhibition of src, PKA as well as by inhibition of PKC. Collectively, these results provide the first demonstration that TP‐activated nuclear signaling events are involved in the proliferation of OPCs, the survival of mature OLGs, and the stimulation of gene expression.
Sexually Transmitted Infections , Sexual Behavior Change and the HIV / AIDS Epidemic

Forty million people are infected with HIV; twenty-nine million of them are in Sub-Saharan Africa. Although the HIV pandemic has touched every country worldwide, there is enormous and largely unexplained variation in HIV rate across continents, and across countries within Africa. I first present existing evidence from the medical literature that untreated sexually transmitted infections and their associated genital ulcers dramatically increase HIV transmission rates. I then embed this into a model of sexual behavior that predicts HIV rates across countries using survey data. The model provides a remarkably good fit to the cross country picture of the epidemic. It indicates that differences across continents are driven by differences in transmission rates of the virus, but that differences across countries within Africa can be fully attributed to differences in risky sexual behavior and epidemic timing. The model is used to simulate interventions and evaluate their cost-effectiveness. I find interventions that treat non-HIV sexually transmitted infections are more cost effective than those designed to change sexual behavior, and cost as little $3.80 per life year. The results suggest that had 2002 expenditure on HIV interventions been optimally spent, over 40% of new infections could have been prevented. ∗I am grateful to Nava Ashraf, Connie Celum, Edward Glaeser, Larry Katz, Michael Kremer, Ulla Larson, Steve Levitt, Ajay Mahal, Jesse Shapiro, Andrei Shleifer, Larry Summers, Rebecca Thornton and participants in the Harvard Development Workshop for helpful comments and discussion
A Survey on Landmark Recognition Techniques Prof

While it is probable to investigate the World Wide Web (WWW) for images, there is still no best way of searching the image. Hence recognizing and modeling landmarks at world-scale is a valuable and crucial task. First of all, the looks of any given landmark vary from one observation to successive. In addition to variations as a result of entirely diverse aspects, association in illuminated amendment, external litter, and dynamic geometry of the imaging devices are alternative factors affecting the variability of the ascertained landmarks. Finally, it is generally troublesome to create use of correct 3D information in landmark recognition applications. For those reasons, it is unacceptable to use several of the object recognition techniques. Hence it is vital to investigate the various techniques of landmark recognition so that we can find out the bottlenecks and how further improvement can be possible. In this paper, we perform a survey on various landmark recognition techniques and try to build a worldscale landmark identification engine.
Correlation between prostate volume and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ( LUTS ) as measured by International Prostate Symptom Score ( IPSS )

Lower Urinary tract symptom (LUTS) is a common presentation among elderly patients particularly in men in urology clinical practice. Evaluation and treatment of LUTS is a major consideration and IPSS score and ultrasound KUBP are routine investigations for assessment of such patients. There is a controversy on relationship between IPSS score and the prostate volume in the literature. The objective is to evaluate the relationship between IPSS and prostate volume in patients with LUTS. There is a significant relationship between IPSS and prostate volume measured through abdominal ultrasound. The Total IPSS increases with the prostate volume (r=0.223, p<0.003). But there was no statistically significant difference between mild, moderate and severe IPSS in relation to prostate volume.
Protein Kinase C Regulates Activation of Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinase and Induction of Proto‐oncogene c‐fos by Endothelin‐1

Summary: Endothelins (ETs) are potent regulatory peptides that cause numerous phenotypic changes in glomerular mesangial cells including differential regulation of gene expression and mitogenesis. Although the second messengers produced by activated ET receptors are well characterized, little is known about pathways of nuclear signaling. In this report, we evaluate the role of a wellcharacterized effector linked to ET receptor activation, protein kinase C, in the stimulation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p42‐44mapk) and the induction of protooncogene c‐fos. Stimulation of protein kinase C by phorbol ester was sufficient to increase p42‐44mapk activity and induce c‐fos. When ET‐1 was added to mesangial cells depleted of protein kinase C, the increase in p42‐44mapk was attenuated and the induction of c‐fos was abolished. Taken together with previous data, these experiments suggest that protein kinase C, p42‐44mapk, and c‐fos constitute a pathway by which ET‐1 regulates expression of mesangial cell genes. These effectors might have relevance to the role of ET‐1 in cell growth and vascular remodeling.