Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Impact of Match Results on the Physical Performance of Players in Japanese Elite Rugby Union Match Play

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of match results (win-loss, score differential) on the physical performance of rugby union teams to improve training and con ditioning and provide ideas for use on the playing field. Methods: Data were obtained from 45 official matches over the 2013, 2014, and 2015 seasons of one team. Global positioning system units with built-in accelerometers were worn by the players; the per-match total distances, accelerations, and impact forces were calculated for the forwards and backs. Match results consisted of two elements: win-loss result and score differ -ential. Results: Data showed that each parameter had high values in closely fought matches when a team lost or when the point differential was small. In addition, physical performance was im pacted differently from one position to another. Forwards engaged in significantly less high-acceleration and high-impact activity in wins but significantly higher activities in close matches ( p < 0.05). Backs engaged in significantly higher impacts (i.e., harder/more tackles) in close matches ( p < 0.05). Conclusions: Based on these data, some suggestions for new approaches that can be adopted by strength and conditioning coaches to optimize training-related performance and prevent sports injuries have been included.
Runx2 is involved in regulating osterix promoter activity and gene expression

Though Runx2 and Osterix are both key transcription factors in the pathway of osteoblast differentiation, whether Runx2 positively regulates Osterix being unknown. It was showed that Runx2 induced the gene expression of Osterix both in the non-osteoblastic cell lines, either pluripotent or differentiated, and in the osteoblastic cell lines. At the same time, the results also indicated that Runx2 up-regulated the activity of the 3.2 kb human Osterix promoter. Further experiments identified a highly conserved and functional Runx2 binding site ”AGTGGTT” within the promoter. Thus the results support the hypothesis that Runx2 is involved in the regulation of the Osterix gene expression. Moreover, the transient transfection and dual-luciferase assay showed Osterix up-regulated the activity of the 2.3 kb type Ⅰ collagen promoter in the non-osteoblastic cells, but Runx2 did not. This difference implies that Osterix, the down stream transcription factor of Runx2 during osteoblast differentiation, is needed to stimulate the osteoblast-specific gene expression of type Ⅰ collagen.
Structure-activity relationships for a class of selective inhibitors of the major cysteine protease from Trypanosoma cruzi

Chagas' disease is a parasitic infection widely distributed throughout Latin America, with devastating consequences in terms of human morbidity and mortality. Cruzain, the major cysteine protease from Trypanosoma cruzi, is an attractive target for antitrypanosomal chemotherapy. In the present work, classical two-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships (2D QSAR) and hologram QSAR (HQSAR) studies were performed on a training set of 45 thiosemicarbazone and semicarbazone derivatives as inhibitors of T. cruzi cruzain. Significant statistical models (HQSAR, q2 = 0.75 and r2 = 0.96; classical QSAR, q2 = 0.72 and r2 = 0.83) were obtained, indicating their consistency for untested compounds. The models were then used to evaluate an external test set containing 10 compounds which were not included in the training set, and the predicted values were in good agreement with the experimental results (HQSAR, = 0.95; classical QSAR, = 0.91), indicating the existence of complementary between the two ligand-based drug design techniques.
Why 'Smart' Sanctions Still Cause Human Insecurity

This article seeks to answer the questions of whether sanctions are ‘smart’ as designed and why if they are not. Evidence appears to suggest that smart sanctions are not ‘intelligent’ enough to change political leaders’ alleged violent behavior or to protect innocent civilians from direct or physical as well as indirect or structural violence. Targeted government officials can always find ways to outsmart the sanction sender actors by resisting the latter’s coercive efforts because of their willingness and ability to take repressive action against their people and find alternative trading partners as well as support from powerful undemocratic states. Instead of minimizing human suffering, sanctions tend to exacerbate regime insecurity and perpetuate international alliance politics. The cases of Myanmar and North Korea validate this proposition.
Initial Den Location Behavior in a Litter of Neonate Crotalus horridus (Timber Rattlesnakes)

Abstract In September 2003, we monitored the movements of a postpartum Crotalus horridus (Timber Rattlesnake) and her four neonates via radiotelemetry. Upon dispersal, two neonates maintained a close association with the mother, but within one week they were making independent movements. Total movement distance by all five snakes during the first 10 days varied considerably (mother: 22 m; neonates: 3, 21, 49, and 154 m). Continued movements by neonates were independent and sporadic, with individuals staying several days in single locations. Excluding one neonate, all individuals converged to a single wooded, rocky hillside for hibernation (320 m from birth site). During their movements to the hibernaculum, one neonate was found with a subadult female and another neonate was found again with its mother. Our observations support the hypothesis that conspecific trails may be used by neonates during their initial den location.
How to be a Fig

The 900-odd species of Ficus (20, 21) constitute the most distinctive of the widespread genera of tropical plants. Figs have (a) a complex obligatory mutualism with their pollinating agaonid fig wasps, yet are found in almost all tropical habitat types and geographic locations [this sets them apart from ant-acacias (63-65), euglossine-orchids (24,26), moth-yuccas (45, 88, 89,), ant-epiphytes (66, 98) and ant-fungi (109)]; (b) fruits eaten by a large variety of vertebrates, most of which appear to be fig seed dispersers rather than seed predators; (c) minute seeds despite the adults’ long-lived woody life form; (d) exceptionally numerous congeners in almost any mainland tropical forest habitat; (e) every woody life-form (deciduous, evergreen; tree, strangler, epiphyte, vine, scandent shrub, bush); (f) intra-population inter-tree asynchronous flowering and fruiting in many habitats, yet strong intra-tree synchronous flowering and fruiting; (g) heavy outcrossed pollination even when the density of flowering conspecifics is extremely low; (h) no inter-specific competition for pollinators within a habitat irrespective of the number of Ficus species present and the timing of sexual reproduction; (i) heavy visitation of fruiting crowns by seed dispersers even when the density of conspecifics is extremely low; and (j) over 50% predispersal seed predation of all seed crops. There is a voluminous literature on the taxonomy and biology of fig flowers, fig fruits, and fig wasps (see reviews in 1, 9, 16, 20-22, 34-36, 41, 47, 52, 86, 90-96, 101, 112, 113), but each author focused on particular aspects of the system. Here I stress interactions among many parts of the system. Wiebes’ chapter in this volume is the most recent review of the details of the interaction of fig wasps with figs. However, a very brief overview of fig biology is useful here. First, ignore the atypical commercial fig, Ficus carica, since it occupies extra-tropical to sub-tropical habitats, has decidu-
Analysis of α-Synuclein Fibril Formation in vitro

Parkinson’s disease is a debilitating neurological disorder characterized by selective and progressive degeneration of neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and by abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein. It is believed that cellular secretion of the protein fibrils or fibril precursors and subsequent endocytosis by other cells plays a role in Parkinson disease progression. Thus, the investigation of fibril formation in response to reaction conditions and their inhibition of formation by potential drug compounds are of particular importance. Here we describe the use of Thioflavin T dye to monitor the formation of α-synuclein fibril formation.
Hopf Algebroids and Galois Extensions

To a finite Hopf-Galois extension A|B we associate dual bialgebroids S := End BAB and T := (AB A) B over the centralizer R using the depth two theory in (18, Kadison-Szlachanyi). First we extend results on the equivalence of certain properties of Hopf-Galois extensions with corresponding properties of the coacting Hopf algebra (21, 8) to depth two extensions using coring theory (3). Next we show that T op is a Hopf algebroid over the centralizer R via Lu's theorem (23, 5.1) for smash products with special modules over the Drinfel'd double, the Miyashita- Ulbrich action, the fact that R is a commutative algebra in the pre- braided category of Yetter-Drinfel'd modules (28) and the equivalence of Yetter-Drinfel'd modules with modules over Drinfel'd double (24). In our last section, an exposition of results of Sugano (29, 30) leads us to a Galois correspondence between sub-Hopf algebroids of S over simple subalgebras of the centralizer with finite projective intermediate simple subrings of a finite projective H-separable extension of simple rings AB.
Transmisión de cepas atenuadas de babesia bigemina y babesia bovis por garrapatas rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus

To assess transmissibility of attenuated Babesia bigemina (BIS) and Babesia bovis (BOR) strains by Rhipicephalus microplus (R. microplus), 12 steers from a tick-free area were divided in four groups and infested at different intervals with R. microplus larvae. One animal from each group was inoculated with 1x108 infected erythrocytes (IE) of attenuated BIS, BOR, virulent B. bigemina, or B. bovis field strains.
The Selfie: The Phenomenon of False Self vs. True Self Representation in Contemporary Media Communication

Summary This paper explores the social phenomenon of selfie practice as a way of communication in social media networks. The phenomenon includes photographing and posting the selfie on social networks (SN) to make person available to the public eye, in this way feeding the self-esteem or narcissistic hunger, and as such being bought or sold in currency of likes. As much as selfie is an interesting phenomenon of new technology era of self portrait and a tool for self-awareness and building up the self-esteem on SN, the problems of society are mirroring in this self-image: it serves as a platform for amplification of personality disorders and addiction on selfie and feedbacks from SN, it’s a cause of accidental mortality and an increase of facial plastic surgeries in the USA. Nevertheless, selfie has a higher purpose in use among the population of black women, LGBT society (Lang, 2013), and other minorities, by nationality or emotional condition, which use it as affirmation, identification, proof of existing and belonging. Feminists, similarly, use the selfie as a statement where the woman is the manifest and the subject. Changing the urban landscape, is selfie showing our True Self or a pose for the public eye exhibiting a superimposed image based on our belief of good looks influenced by pop-culture?
Grain size effects on radiogenic Helium gas in the nuclear fuel UO2

Due to the extreme environment in which it is operated, nuclear fuel shows changes of its microstructure and thermophysical properties . In particular it develops a rim structure also named high burnup structure characterized by the subdivision of the original micrometer sized grains into 100 nm grains. In this work, the synthesis of dense UO2 and ThO2 with grains size down to 100 nm was designed. Such material would allow studying through single effect studies the impact of the high burnup structure on the fuel behavior in and out of normal operation. UO2 doped with 238Pu was also synthesised to study the accelerated effect of alpha-decays on fuel microstructure and thermophysical properties since alpha activity will be dominating in spent nuclear fuels for millenaries. Self-irradiated UO2 cumulating up to 0.41 dpa, the same reached by a LWR spent fuel after few centuries, was characterized periodically with a broad set of techniques. XRD showed a saturation of the lattice parameter increase around 0.3 %, while thermal desorption spectroscopy proved that the totality of the radiogenic He is still retained. SEM observations highlighted the integrity of the fuel is preserved, while TEM evidenced the ingrowth of dislocation loops and He bubbles within the matrix. Thermal conductivity as measured by laser flash had already decreased by 40 % at 0.03 dpa, and no defects annealing was detected by differential scanning calorimetry at the temperatures foreseen for spent fuel storage. Raman spectra were acquired for the first time on (U,Pu)O2 as a function of the self-irradiation dose. This study allowed assessing some aspects of the behaviour of LWR spent nuclear fuel during the first 300 years of storage time.
Mechanism of Senescence in Carnation Flowers

Senescence of carnation flowers is characterized by autocatalytic ethylene production from petals and subsequent wilting of the petals. Recent studies on the regulation of ethylene production and wilting in senescing carnation flowers revealed that (1) petal senescence is triggered by ethylene produced from the gynoecium during natural senescence, (2) there are two subsets of ethylene responses in the petals; one responsible for autocatalytic ethylene production and the other for wilting, and (3) in the petals ACC oxidase (DC-ACO1) and ACC synthase (DC-ACS1) genes are sequentially in this order. The expression of the DC-ACO1 gene probably affects that of the DC-ACS1 gene.
Sensitization Mechanisms of Chronic Itch

Pruritus is defined as an unpleasant sensation that evokes a desire to scratch. According to its duration, pruritus can be classified as acute or chronic, with the latter defined as pruritus lasting longer than 6 weeks. Chronic itch is a persistent, burdensome condition with a serious unmet clinical need. The pathophysiology of chronic itch differs considerably from that of acute itch. The causes of chronic itch are complex, including dermatologic diseases and various systematic diseases. Chronic itch can be a disease or syndrome resembling chronic pain, and is divided into spontaneous itch, hyperknesis (enhanced itch response to a normal itch stimulus), and alloknesis (itch elicited by an innocuous touch stimulus). The subtypes of chronic itch have been broadly delineated as dermatologic (eg, atopic dermatitis [AD] and psoriasis), systemic (eg, chronic kidney disease and cholestasis), neuropathic (eg, postherpetic itch), and psychogenic (eg, obsessive-compulsive disorder and drug use). Themechanisms underlying chronic itch aremultifaceted and involve keratinocytes, cutaneous nerve fibers, pruritogenic molecules, and the peripheral and central nervous systems. Activating mediators of itch include histamine, 5hydroxytryptamine, nerve growth factor (NGF), and substance P (SP). Peripheral and central sensitization plays an important role in the establishment of chronic pain and itch, is mediated not only by peripheral inflammatory mediators but also by the effect of amplifying information directly processed by the central nervous system.
Chromosome studies on natural hybrids between maritime species of Carex (sections Phacocystis and Cryptocarpae) in northeastern North America, and their taxonomic implications

Morphological descriptions, chromosome numbers, and meiotic behaviour are presented for nine different hybrids of Carex in sections Cryptocarpae and Phacocystis from northeastern North America, mainly salt-marsh species from the St. Lawrence estuary and gulf. They are C. aquatilis × subspathacea (2n = 79), C. nigra × subspathacea (2n = 81, 83), C. nigra × salina (2n = 80), C. paleacea × salina (2n = ca. 74, 75), C. aquatilis × recta (2n = 74), C. nigra × recta (2n = 78, 79), C. paleacea × recta (2n = 73), C. aquatilis × paleacea (2n = 74), and C. nigra × paleacea (2n = 78 + fragment, 79). Hybrids showed a mixture of morphological characters from both putative parent species, and chromosome numbers were mostly intermediate between those of their parents. Meiosis of hybrids was disturbed with variable numbers of univalents, trivalents, and quadrivalents, such as in two of the parent species, C. salina and C. recta. In general, hybrids differed from parent species by the frequent occurrence of desynaptic biv.
The transmitted HIV-1 subtype C: characterization of the transmitted/founder full-length virus genome and the influence of early immune selective pressure on virus replication

iv Acknowledgements v List of Abbreviations vi Chapter 1: Literature Review 1 1.1 Current perspective of the global HIV-1 pandemic and the progress of vaccine development 2 1.2 Viral diversity 5 1.3 The transmitted virus 7 1.4 High viral mutability 11 1.5 Immune responses to HIV-1 infection 13 1.6 Immune selection and CTL escape 16 1.7 CTL responses and viral control 19 1.8 Challenges to HIV-1 vaccine design 21 1.9 Study rationale 24 Chapter 2: Identification of near full-length HIV-1 transmitted/founder subtype C virus genomes and their early diversification 25 2.1 Abstract 26 2.2 Introduction 27 2.3 Research Aim and Objectives 29 2.4 Rationale 30 2.5 Methods and Materials 30 2.6 Results 37 2.7 Discussion 57 Chapter 3: Mapping immune selection in early subtype C infection 60 3.1 Abstract 61 3.2 Introduction 62
Unraveling the process-structure-function relation of pectin in plant-based foods using anti-pectin antibodies: a case study on tomato suspensions

Monoclonal anti-pectin antibodies provide a new range of opportunities to investigate the processstructure-function relation of pectin in plant-based foods by allowing the in situ exploration of local changes in pectin structure. In a rationally-chosen case-study, the activity of the pectin-modifying enzymes pectin-methylesterase (PME) and polygalacturonase (PG) in tomato fruit was tailored by processing (Christiaens et al., 2012). Tomatoes were either not pretreated, high-temperature blanched (inactivation of both PME and PG), or high-pressure pretreated (selective inactivation of PG). Subsequently, two types of mechanical disruption, blending or high-pressure homogenisation, were applied to create tomato tissue particle suspensions with varying degrees of tissue disintegration. Processinduced pectin changes and their role in cell-cell adhesion were investigated through in situ pectin visualisation using anti-pectin antibodies. Microscopic results were supported with a (limited) physicochemical analysis of fractionated walls and isolated polymers. It was revealed that in intact tomato fruit pectin de-esterification is endogenously regulated by physical restriction of PME activity in the cell wall matrix. In disintegrated tomato tissue on the other hand, intensive de-esterification of pectin by the activity of PME occurred throughout the entire cell wall. In case PG was selectively inactivated, i.e. in high-pressure pretreated tomatoes, de-esterification of pectin by PME resulted in a high level of Ca2+cross-linked pectin and a strong intercellular adhesion. In non-pretreated tomato suspensions on the other hand, combined PME and PG activity presumably led to pectin depolymerisation and, hence, reduced intercellular adhesion. However, because of the high amount of Ca2+-cross-linked pectin in these samples, cell-cell adhesion was still stronger than in the high-temperature blanched tomatoes, in which the absence of PME activity during suspension preparation implied few Ca2+-cross-linked pectic polymers and extensive cell separation upon tissue disruption.
Produksi Embrio Secara In Vitro Menggunakan Semen Beku Sapi Simmental (Bos Taurus) Dan Brahman (Bos Indicus).

ALIF IMAN FITRIANTO. In Vitro Embryo Production Using Simmental Cattle (Bos taurus) and Brahman Cattle (Bos indicus) Frozen Semen. Supervised by ANNY ROSMAYANTI and ARIEF BOEDIONO. In vitro embryo production is one of biotechnology application to increase the population, productivity, and quality of cattle in Indonesia. The implementation of this method is used to utilize ovary as a source of valuable product oocytes at slaughterhouse, to produce embryo in vitro. The research aims to know which cattle that had better developmental capability and study the influence of season to in vitro embryo production. The result indicate that brahman cattle sperm has better ability than simmental cattle sperm on in vitro embryo production, embryo cleavage rate, blastocyst formation day 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th, as well as significant differences (P<0.05). By using brahman cattle sperm which has a better capabilities, in vitro fertilization then conducted in two different season, the dry and rainy season. The result indicated that in vitro embryo production by using brahman cattle sperm is better (P<0.05) conducted at dry season than rainy season.
GENOMIC ANALYSIS OF HYPERSENSITIVITY TO HYGROMYCIN B REVEALS LINKAGE TO VACUOLAR DEFECTS AND NEW VACUOLAR GENE FUNCTIONS IN S. CEREVISIAE

GENOMIC ANALYSIS OF HYPERSENSITIVITY TO HYGROMYCIN B REVEALS LINKAGE TO VACUOLAR DEFECTS AND NEW VACUOLAR GENE FUNCITONS IN S. CEREVISIAE By Maria Gabriela Banuelos August 2009 The fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae (i.e., baker's yeast) has been a seminal model for studies of lysosomal trafficking, biogenesis, and function. Several yeast mutants defective in such vacuole events have also been shown to be hypersensitive to low levels of hygromycin B, an aminoglycoside antibiotic. We hypothesized that hypersensitivity to hygromycin B may be linked to vacuole defects and performed a genomic screen for growth hypersensitivity to hygromycin B (hhy mutants) using a haploid deletion strain library of non-essential genes. Fourteen deletion strains showed the phenotype. These hhy mutants were characterized with respect to integrity of the vesicular trafficking pathway, and to temperature sensitive growth. The results confirm defects in vacuole trafficking or function in the hhy mutants. Three of the genes were not previously associated with vesicular and/or vacuolar events: two cell cycle related genes PAF1 and TPD3, and a previously uncharacterized gene ENV6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my advisor Dr. Gharakhanian for her guidance, knowledge and support with this project without her this would not have been possible. I would also like to thank her for accepting me into her lab and for being so kind and generous and enthusiastic about science. I would also like to thank the lab members that helped me throughout the years especially Rosa Menjivar and Onyinyechi Chima-Okereke; they both taught me a lot about my research and were always there to answer any questions I had. I would like to thank my thesis committee Dr. Eldon, Dr. Khatra for taking the time to be a part of my committee. Above all I would like to thank my parents and family for their loving support and understanding and I dedicate the time and work that was spent in completing this project to them.
EFFECT OFIGELLA SATIVA OTHE ESTROUS CYCLE AD OVARIAACTIVITY IALBIO RATS

Present study is aimed to investigate effect of igella sativa (NSSAq) on reproduction in female rats. For this study rats were divided in control (vehicle treated) and treatment group (NSSAq 200 mg/kg b.wt/day for 40 days). Administration of NSSAq brought about significant decline in weight of ovaries, uterus and vagina. Protein and glycogen level of reproductive tissue were also declined. Significant increase in cholesterol level of reproductive tissues was observed. Diestrous phase of estrous cycle was prolonged. Ovarian follicle showed degenerative changes. Haematological parameters were unaltered. Thus administration of NSSAq in female rats had shown antiestrogenic nature without altering general physiology.