Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design study and experimental analysis of wound field flux switching motor for HEV applications

This paper presents design study, optimization and performance analysis of wound field flux switching machine with non-rare-earth magnet for hybrid electric vehicle drive applications. The stator of proposed machine consists of iron core made of electromagnetic steels, armature coils and field excitation coils as the only field mmf source. The rotor is composed of only stack of iron and hence, it is robust and suitable for high speed operation. The design target is a machine with the maximum torque and power density, and the maximum speed more than 210Nm and 3.5kW/kg, and 20,000r/min, respectively, which competes with interior permanent magnet synchronous machine used in an existing hybrid electric vehicle. Deterministic optimization method is applied to design the proposed machine until the target performances are achieved. Some experimental studies using a prototype of the finally designed machine are demonstrated to validate the effectiveness of the proposed machine.
The cytoarchitectonic organization of the spinal cord in the cat

Nervous centers, such as the cerebral cortex, the lateral geniculate body, the thalamus, etc., can generally be described as being built up of a number of cell layers, regions or nuclei, which are adequately characterized by the shape, arrangement and connections of their constituent cells. It is a notable fact, however, that the current descriptions of the spinal cord gray matter use its macroscopical features as the dominant principle of structural organization. Thus we have a dorsal and a ventral horn or cell column, the former has a head, a neck and a base, etc. None of these regions can be defined by cytological or cytoarchitectonic characteristics, nor is it possible to fit them into a larger cytoarchitectonic region. Microscopically only a small part of the spinal gray matter falls into well delimited cytoarchitectonic regions such as the substantia gelatinosa Rolandi or belongs to nuclei such as Clarke’s column, the motor muscle nuclei, etc. The rest of the cells are either left in macroscopically characterized regions as already noted or loosely referred to as, e.g., cells of the zona intermedia, where again no description of extent or character of the region can be given. In other regions some cells are more or less subjectively picked out from among a great number, as is the case with, for instance certain authors’ solitary <cells of the dorsal horn or disseminated cells of the ventral horn.
Virtual reality system effects on size-distance judgements in a virtual environment

The paper provides an assessment of how selected properties of a virtual reality system impact size-distance judgments in a virtual environment. Manipulations are made in viewing conditions (biocular vs. stereoscopic), image resolution, field of view, scene contrast and target distance, while subjects attempt to match the attributes of a comparison object with a standard object. General findings suggest that under more natural viewing conditions, size-distance judgements in virtual environments differ from those found previously in physical environments whereas, under impoverished conditions, performance differences between the two environments are similar.
Knowledge Sharing to Enhance Scientific Research Among Universities

Nowadays Iraq is facing different problems in many fields due to the limitation of knowlwedge and experience. Higher education sector can play an important role to solve these problem by making scientific researches. Therefore, iraqi universities should collaborate by sharing their knowledge to make better solutions. However, knowledge sharing means share implicit and explicit knowledge with others in order to create new knowledge. The purpose of this paper is to figure out the influential factors of knowledge sharing among Iraqi universities so as to enhance scientific research in Iraq. Moreover, this study contributes to extend the limitations of previous research on knowledge sharing in Iraqi universities. Knowledge sharing will be done by profiling the attitudes and intentions of knowledge sharing of Iraq academics, and by profiling their views of some of the factors that might be expected to have an impact on knowledge sharing activities.
Proliferative retinopathy in a patient with diabetes mellitus and idiopathic haemochromatosis.

precipitated by leaving a protective home environment for university, where she faced major interpersonal difficulties as a consequence of her low self-esteem and appearance. Should the association between anorexia nervosa and Turner's syndrome occur with greater than chance frequency, the latter may not be the only condition which shows this association. Anorexia nervosa may well be a manifestation of a wide range of both psychological and organic disturbances,5 and not a unitary syndrome with a common cause. Epidemiological studies of the association with other disorders seems desirable.
Distribution of Centromeric Proteins and PARP‐1 during Mitosis and Apoptosis

A large complex of proteins, called CENPs, are associated with centromeric DNA. Some of them exhibit a cell cycle‐related expression (e.g., CENP‐E and ‐F) and are required for the transition from interphase to mitosis, whereas constitutive proteins (e.g., CENP‐A, ‐B, ‐C, ‐G, and ‐H) reside permanently at the centromere and are essential for the correct kinetochore assembly. Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 (PARP‐1), which plays an active role in many basic processes, was described as a possible regulator of CENPs. By multicolor immunofluorescence we therefore analyzed the distribution of PARP‐1 and its interaction with CENP‐B, ‐E, and ‐F during mitosis and apoptosis.
Drug Interaction Studies with Repaglinide: Repaglinide on Digoxin or Theophylline Pharmacokinetics and Cimetidine on Repaglinide Pharmacokinetics

Drug interaction studies were carried out to ensure that hypoglycemia due to inhibition of repaglinide elimination or chronic hyperglycemia due to inhibition of repaglinide absorption was avoided. Conversely, the effects of repaglinide on the pharmacokinetics of drugs with only a narrow margin between effective and toxic concentrations, such as digoxin or theophylline, were determined. The studies reported here compared monotherapy with combined therapies in healthy volunteers. There were no significant differences between the pharmacokinetic parameters of repaglinide when given as monotherapy and when administered concurrently with cimetidine. Similarly, the coadministration of repaglinide and digoxin did not influence the pharmacokinetics of digoxin administered alone. When repaglinide was coadministered with theophylline, the only pharmacokinetic change was that the peak plasma theophylline concentration was slightly reduced. No direct drug‐drug interactions were found in these studies, suggesting that repaglinide may be coprescribed with cimetidine, digoxin, or theophylline at the dosage used for monotherapy.
Containing costs while improving quality of care: the role of profiling and practice guidelines.

The rapidly rising cost of medical care is the driving force behind US health policy today. Health care is claiming an increasing share of our society's human, financial, and physical resources. In addition, rising costs are a critical barrier to improving the availability and quality of health care for the population as a whole. The need to control costs has stimulated numerous proposals for private and public reforms, ranging from managed competition to all-payer rate setting, national expenditure caps, and regional budgeting. Slowing the rise in costs while maintaining or improving quality of care is challenging, because attempts to control expenditures risk curtailing neces­ sary, as well as unnecessary, services. Meeting this challenge requires strategies that address both cost and quality. Initiatives aimed solely at cost-cutting risk harming patients by eliminating necessary and appropriate
Substrate-limited electron dynamics in graphene

We study the effects of polarizable substrates such as $\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ and SiC on the carrier dynamics in graphene. We find that the quasiparticle spectrum acquires a finite broadening due to the long-range interaction with the polar modes at the interface between graphene and the substrate. This mechanism results in a density dependent electrical resistivity, which exhibits a sharp increase around room temperature, where it can become the dominant limiting factor of electron transport. The effects are weaker in doped bilayer graphene due to the more conventional parabolic band dispersion. Amorphous substrates, such as polymethyl methacrylate, can induce a room temperature resistivity of comparable magnitude, although with a weaker temperature dependence.
A novel SiGe RFIC approach towards low-cost S-band transmit/receive modules

The key components of a transmit/receive module have been integrated into a RFIC in a 0.25 µm SiGe BiCMOS technology. It suits S-band radar applications according to the IEC standard 62388. The phase shifter, being the core part of the module, consists of a novel high resolution (2 × 5 bit) direct digitally controlled dual-path programmable gain amplifier driving a successive two pole passive polyphase filter. The device is able to shift phases as well as amplitudes simultaneously. 1024 equally distributed phase/amplitude states can be achieved with this device. On-chip baluns have been integrated before and after the fully differential phase shifter for reducing the off-chip component count. Multi-tanh gm stages are employed to increase linearity. Transmit/receive switching at the feed network interface is done on-chip. In receive mode, the circuit features on-chip 50Ω-compatible single-ended in- and outputs and a full 360° phase shifting range. In transmit mode, the input stays single-ended while a differential output enables the usage of low-cost differential silicon-based power amplifiers.
Treatment response and colonic gene expression in patients with Crohn's disease

Objective. Responses and adverse events to medication vary greatly among patients with Crohn's disease (CD). The aim of this study was to investigate whether global gene expression profiles could predict such responses and possible side effects. Material and methods. Tissue specimens from the descending colon were obtained from 32 CD patients (in 18 patients from areas without inflammation and in 14 patients from inflamed areas). Gene profiling was done using the Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 GeneChip array. Hybridization data were analyzed with dChip software. Results. There were no differentially expressed genes between six patients who responded well to azathioprine and four who did not. No differences were found between 12 patients with adverse events to azathioprine and 9 patients who tolerated this drug. Sixteen patients who were not glucocorticoid-dependent had no differentially expressed genes as compared with 15 glucocorticoid-dependent patients. Six patients who responded well to infliximab had only one differentially expressed gene as compared to four patients who did not. Conclusions. DNA microarray analyses did not show differentially expressed genetic profiles from colonic mucosal cells obtained from groups of patients classified according to therapeutic criteria.
Cytohesin‐1 regulates fMLF‐mediated activation and functions of the β2 integrin Mac‐1 in human neutrophils

The nucleotide exchange factor cytohesin‐1 was previously reported to interact with the cytoplasmic domains of the integrin β‐chain common to all β2 integrins such as LFA‐1 and Mac‐1. We show here that cytohesin‐1, which contributes to fMLF‐induced functional responses in PMNs through activation of Arf6, restrains the activation of the β2 integrin Mac‐1 (αMβ2) in PMNs or dcAMP‐differentiated PLB‐985 cells. We found that the cytohesin‐1 inhibitor SecinH3 or siRNA increased cell adhesion to immobilized fibrinogen and fMLF‐mediated conformational changes of Mac‐1, monitored using mAb CBRM1/5, specific for the activation epitope of the αM subunit. In contrast, PLB‐985 cells overexpressing cytohesin‐1 showed little adhesion to fibrinogen. The use of SecinH3 and siRNA also revealed that interference with cytohesin‐1 signaling also enhanced phagocytosis of zymosan particles and chemotaxis toward fMLF in transwell migration assays. These increments of phagocytosis and chemotaxis in cells treated with SecinH3 and cytohesin‐1 siRNA were reversed by a blocking mAb to the integrin‐αM subunit. We provide evidence for increased polymerized cortical actin in cells treated with SecinH3 and that altered signaling through cytohesin‐1 increased cell surface expression of FPRL‐1 and impairs the late calcium mobilization response elicited by fMLF. The data provide evidence that stimulation with fMLF initiates a signaling cascade that restrains Mac‐1 activation in PMNs. Such crosstalk between FPRL‐1 and Mac‐1 involves cytohesin‐1. We suggest that cytohesin‐1 may coordinate activation of the β2 integrins to regulate PMN adhesion, phagocytosis, and chemotaxis.
Effect of Qualification and Experience of Biology Teachers on the Status of Ecology Teaching in Kwara State

This study examined the effect of qualification and experience of Biology teachers on the status of ecology teaching in Kwara State. This study sample included one hundred and forty two (142) Secondary Schools selected by random sampling technique. The researcher designed teachers’ questionnaire which were administered to four hundred and fifty (450) teachers selected from eight (8) Local Government Areas of Kwara State. Researcher-designed validated questionnaire was used to elicit information from the respondents on the status of ecology teaching. Three research questions and two hypotheses were formulated. Frequency counts and chi- square statistics were used to analysis the data collected. Finding of this study revealed that 68% of Biology teachers agreed with the contents while 32% disagreed. However both qualified and unqualified teachers had viewed ecology teaching the same way that is ecology teaching was not properly done due to the fact that some Biology teachers skip certain areas of the syllabus that they find difficult to teach. Similarly, experienced and less experienced teachers had the same views about ecology teaching in Kwara State. Based on the findings, the following recommendations were made: fieldwork and practicals on Ecology should be carried out satisfactory in the schools, teachers should be sponsored to seminars and workshops specifically on Ecology teaching.
Progressive preference articulation for decision making in multi-objective optimisation problems

This paper proposes a novel algorithm for addressing multi-objective optimisation problems, by employing a progressive preference articulation approach to decision making. This enables the interactive incorporation of problem knowledge and decision maker preferences during the optimisation process. A novel progressive preference articulation mechanism, derived from a statistical technique, is herein proposed and implemented within a multi-objective framework based on evolution strategy search and hypervolume indicator selection. The proposed algorithm is named the Weighted Z-score Covariance Matrix Adaptation Pareto Archived Evolution Strategy with Hypervolume-sorted Adaptive Grid Algorithm (WZ-HAGA). WZ-HAGA is based on a framework that makes use of evolution strategy logic with covariance matrix adaptation to perturb the solutions, and a hypervolume indicator driven algorithm to select successful solutions for the subsequent generation. In order to guide the search towards interesting regions, a preference articulation procedure composed of four phases and based on the weighted z-score approach is employed. The latter procedure cascades into the hypervolume driven algorithm to perform the selection of the solutions at each generation. Numerical results against five modern algorithms representing the state-of-the-art in multi-objective optimisation demonstrate that the proposed WZ-HAGA outperforms its competitors in terms of both the hypervolume indicator and pertinence to the regions of interest.
Neck and shoulder muscle strength in patients with tension-type headache: A case-control study

Introduction Tension-type headache (TTH) is highly prevalent in the general population, and it is characterized by increased muscle tenderness with increasing headache frequency and intensity. Aim The aim of this case-control study was to compare muscle strength in neck and shoulder muscles in TTH patients and healthy controls by examining maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) during shoulder abduction, neck flexion and extension as well as the extension/flexion strength ratio of the neck. Methods Sixty TTH patients and 30 sex- and age-matched healthy controls were included. Patients were included if they had TTH ≥8 days per month. The MVC neck extensor and flexor muscles were tested with the participant seated upright. MVC shoulder abduction was tested with the individual lying supine. Results Compared to controls TTH patients had significantly weaker muscle strength in neck extension (p = 0.02), resulting in a significantly lower extension/flexion moment ratio (p = 0.03). TTH patients also showed a tendency toward significantly lower muscle strength in shoulder abduction (p = 0.05). Among the 60 TTH patients, 25 had frequent episodic TTH (FETTH), and 35 had chronic TTH (CTTH). Conclusion Patients with TTH exhibited decreased muscle strength in the neck extensor muscles, inducing a reduced cervical extension/flexion ratio compared to healthy people.
Stellar feedback and triggered star formation

Abstract Young, massive stars influence their ambient medium through winds and radiation. The outcome of this feedback depends on the number of massive stars in a star cluster and on the density of the ambient medium. This contribution is based on a comparison of observations to the results of numerical simulations. We discuss the gravitational fragmentation of feedback-driven shells expanding from young stellar clusters. The thin-shell approximation is compared to 3D hydrodynamical simulations with smoothed-particle hydrodynamics and adaptive-mesh refinement codes. We explore the influence of external pressure and propose a thick-shell dispersion relation, where the pressure of the external medium is included. The mass spectrum of the shell fragments is constructed and we speculate about the origin of the deficit of low-mass objects.
Characterization of a monoclonal antibody specific to rainbow trout thrombocytes.

A monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific for rainbow trout thrombocytes was produced and its reactivity was demonstrated by flow cytometry and immuno-electron microscopy. Flow cytometry analysis showed that this MAb (TTL-7D11) reacted positively with about 30% of the peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) and about 1%, 2%, and 11% of the pronephros, mesonephros, and spleen cells, respectively. Electron microscopy using immunogold labeling demonstrated that this MAb reacted strongly with thrombocytes, where gold beads could be seen attached only to the membrane and canalicular system of these cells. Positive and negative leucocytes for this MAb were obtained by magnetic cell separation. In the positive fraction, 96% of the cells were thrombocytes, while in the negative fraction no more than 3% were, which clearly showed a high purity of the positive fraction. Aggregation studies showed that about 75% of the positive fraction cells aggregated after being mixed with U-46619 thromboxane-mimetic, whereas in the negative fraction only 10% of the cells did so. Thus, utilizing the TTL-7D11 we have succeeded in isolating a pure thrombocyte population, and this would facilitate further studies, particularly on their characteristics and function(s).
Microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract.

CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 107 MICROBIAL ECOLOGY AS APPLIED TO THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT 108 MICROBIAL HABITATS IN THE MAMMALIAN GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT . 110 COMPOSITION AND LOCALIZATION OF CLIMAX COMMUNITIES IN ADULTS . 111 Some Comments on Methods 111 The Stomach (Esophagus) 112 The Small Bowel 115 The Large Bowel 116 The Feces 118 SUCCESSION IN BABIES 119 FACTORS INFLUENCING COMPOSITION OF THE MICROBIOTA 121 Forces Exerted by the Host and Its Diet and Environment 121 Forces Resulting from Activities of the Microbes Themselves 126 HOW MICROBES IN THE BIOTA MAKE THEIR LIVING (NICHES) 127 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 129
Prognostic Determination in Anoxic-Ischemic and Traumatic Encephalopathies

Clinical assessment of the unresponsive patient is limited to examination of brainstem reflexes and simple motor responses to stimulation. It is thus difficult, especially if brainstem functions are intact, to give early, accurate prognostic information on comatose patients. Neurochemical tests and imaging have not been validated and have significant limitations. Electrophysiologic investigations provide a window into cerebral function and are tested, clinically useful, safe, available, and inexpensive. Persistent abnormalities of brainstem auditory evoked potentials and short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials reliably indicate the likelihood permanent vegetative state or death. Conversely, the presence of “cognitive” event-related brain potentials (e.g., P300 and mismatch negativity) reflects the functional integrity of higher-level information processing and, therefore, the likelihood of capacity for cognition. A combined clinical and electrophysiologic approach provides optimal prediction of outcome and level of disability.
Gr upSM Renal Cell Carcinoma : From a Pathologist ’ s Perspective

Investigation and management of Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) has undergone lot of change due to advances in genomics and biological discoveries. Recognition of mutations of the von HippelLindau (vHL) gene and resultant stabilization of the hypoxia response pathway as a major driver of clear cell type RCC has gone a long way in targeting therapy [1-3]. Numerous new therapies are emerging [1]. Sujatha Siddappa1* and Vilvapathy Senguttuvan Karthikeyan1 1Institute of Nephro Urology, India *Corresponding author: Sujatha Siddappa, Department of Pathology, Institute of Nephro Urology, Bangalore, India, Email: sujathasiddappa@gmail.com
Mélange local et comportement non-stationnaire du gradient d'un scalaire passif

L'intensification du melange dans les fluides est facilitee par l'action des gradients de vitesse qui provoque l'amplification des gradients locaux des grandeurs scalaires. Comprendre ce mecanisme demande l'etude de la reponse du gradient d'un scalaire aux etirements et aux rotations. A travers le comportement du gradient d'un scalaire dans deux ecoulements 2D analytiques, on analyse les conditions dans lesquelles un forcage non-stationnaire ameliore les proprietes de melange.
Antecedentes y estado actual de la teoría del condicionamiento

Pudieramos comenzar por afirmar que la explicacion de los fenomenos de aprendizaje, se hace sistematica y coherente a partir de las investigaciones de Pavlov sobre reflejos condicionados. No obstante que este fisiologo cuenta con una herencia filosofica y cientifica que ha de marcar profundamente su teoria, su merito indiscutible radica en su trabajo empirico, el cual no pudieron desarrollar sus antecesores.