Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
International Journal of Petroleum and Geoscience Engineering (IJPGE) 1 (4): 248-260, 2013,ISSN: 2289-4713, © Academic Research Online Publisher

Composite pressure vessels, Finite element method, Stress, Displacement. Composite pressure vessels (CPV) are used for large commercial and industrial applications such as softening, filtration and storage. In this study, the design of composite pressure vessels based on "unit load method" along with complete structural analysis and evaluation of additional parameters are performed using finite element commercial code ANSYS. "Unit load method" covers many of the weaknesses of traditional methods and carries out more detailed design using many factors that composite materials provide for designer. The FEM results are compared with experimental ones and a good agreement between them is noticed. By increasing the vessel pressure acceptable and appropriate behavior is observed in strain-pressure curves. As a result, the proposed method can be implemented with acceptable confidence and less cost for comprehensive design of composite pressure vessels.
A Brief History of Video Games

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Numerical Method for the Solution of Abel’s Integral Equations using Laguerre Wavelet

Kumbinarasaiah S, R. A. Mundewadi Department of Mathematics, Karnatak University, Dharwad, India. Department of Mathematics, MES Degree College, Bangalore, India. (Received March 05 2019, accepted September 28 2019) Abstract: Laguerre wavelet based numerical method is developed for the solution of Abel’s integral equations. This method is based on Laguerre wavelets basis. Laguerre wavelet method is then utilized to reduce the Abel’s Integral Equations into the solution of algebraic equations. Illustrative examples are shows that the validity, efficiency and applicability of the proposed technique. This algorithm provides high accuracy and compared with other existing methods.
Дослідження методів аналізу соціальних мереж як середовища інформаційних війн

– Social networks are increasingly being used as a source of information, including information of global events. This study examines social networks as a source of large data for obtaining and analyzing data on a variety of events. An analysis of social network approaches and methods is under consideration, and the main metrics that are used as inputs for research are considered. The well-known methods of researching social networks are analyzed, their advantages and disadvantages are presented. The experiment results of the analysis of social networks Facebook and Twitter user’s reaction on the second round of debates of US presidential candidates are presented.
Digestive strategies of small hindgut fermenters

Small mammalian herbivores have a limitation in their supply system of nutrients to their energy and protein demands because they need much more energy and protein per unit body mass than larger herbivorous animals. Therefore, small herbivores need to have characteristic strategies in their digestive systems to overcome the limitation of their small body mass compared with larger animals. Although small herbivorous mammals commonly have an enlarged cecum, the pattern of flow and mixing of digesta in the large intestine varies among them. Distinct separation of the larger fiber particles from smaller and liquid contents which are retained in the cecum can be recognized in some species. Coprophagy, practiced by many small herbivores, has nutritional significance providing a source of vitamins, amino acids, and other nutrients which are excreted with feces. Among coprophagous mammals, several species produce two types of feces: soft feces, which are eaten; and hard, which are not eaten. Soft feces contain more water than hard feces and dry matter includes more protein and less fiber. Coprophagic behavior must be supported by the colonic separation mechanism, which operates retrograde transport of fluid and fine particle digesta or bacteria trapped in the mucus, resulting in high density bacteria in the cecum contents, which is successively consumed as cecotroph. These mechanisms must be necessary for small herbivores to survive on the feed in their habitat.
Optimization of a cryoprotective medium and survival of freeze-dried Bifidobacterium infantis 20088 throughout storage, rehydration and gastrointestinal tract transit for infant formula probiotic applications

Supplementations of formulae with synbiotic compounds of human milk have shown to be able to decrease several gut-related diseases in formula fed infants. This study was carried out to develop a synergistic cryoprotective drying medium for infant formulae probiotic application. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the concentrations of skim milk and prebiotics for improvement of the cell survival ofBifidobacterium infantis 20088, during freeze-drying. The optimal composition was found to be 2.8% prebiotics blended with 16.1% skim milk which could protect 47.63% of cells’ viability. No significant difference (p > 0.05) between the predicted and experimental values validated the model adequacy. Then, the protective effects of optimal composition on the survival of freeze-dried cells were evaluated through different conditions of rehydration, storage and simulated gastrointestinal tract (GIT) as compared to cells dried in phosphate buffer (control). After 120 days storage of freeze-dried stationary phase cells at 4°C, there was 2.33 log (CFU/ml) improvement in the viability of cells as compared to control. With increasing temperature to 25°C, the protective effect of optimized medium was more apparent. Direct rehydration with water led to 0.65 log (CFU/ml) increment in the mortality rate of freeze-dried cells as compared to rehydration with skim milk solution. Also, the mortality rate of cells after sequential incubation in simulated GIT conditions including gastric conditions (pH 3.0 and 4.0, 90 min) and intestinal conditions (pH 7.5, 5 h) were reduced by 1.81 and 0.35 log (CFU/ml), respectively, as compared to the control. Key words: Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis 20088, freeze-drying medium, response surface methodology, storage, infantile gastrointestinal conditions.v
Catalytic cracking of tar with perovskite catalysts

One of the most promising techniques to clean the gas produced by gasification is catalytic tar cracking. The performances of some oxide catalysts based on nickel were investigated. Some pollutants were tested (naphthalene, phenol, exadecane) with concentrations ranging between 5 and 15 g/Nm 3 . The most critical compound is naphthalene. The investigation was concentrated on perovskites, composed by La, Ni and Fe or Cr. Perovskites based on Fe and Ni were not able to get stable operating conditions, and a continuous decrease of activity was observed, in particular with naphthalene. Much more promising are the LaCrxNi1-xO3 perovskites. The tests were performed with LaCr0.5Ni0. 5O3. The crystalline structure of the perovskite is stable in reducing working atmosphere, and the catalyst activity was stable also after long test (500 h) performed with exadecane or phenol. Naphthalene caused an initial loss of activity, followed by a stable conversion that was maintained for more than 500 h.
Cell‐type based semantic segmentation of histopathological images using deep convolutional neural networks

Histopathological whole‐slide image (WSI) analysis is still one of the most important ways to identify regions of cancer risk. For cancer in which early diagnosis is vital, pathologists are at the center of the decision‐making process. Thanks to the widespread use of digital pathology and the development of artificial intelligence methods, automatic histopathological image analysis methods help pathologists in their decision‐making process. In this process, rather than producing labels for whole‐slide image patches, semantic segmentation is very useful, which facilitates the pathologists’ interpretation. In this study, automatic semantic segmentation based on cell type is proposed for the first time in the literature using novel deep convolutional networks structure (DCNN). We presents semantic information on four classes, including white areas in the whole‐slide image, tissue without cells, tissue with normal cells and tissue with cancerous cells. This visual information presented to the pathologist is an easy‐to‐understand picture of the status of the cells and their implications for the spread of cancerous cells. A new DCNN architecture is created, inspired by the residual network and deconvolution network architecture. Our network is trained end‐to‐end manner with histopathological image patches for cell structures to be more discriminative. The proposed method not only produces more successful results than other state‐of‐art semantic segmentation algorithms with 9.2% training error and 88.89% F‐score for test, but also has the most important advantage in that it has the ability to generate automatic information about the cancer and also provides information that pathologists can quickly interpret.
Performance Assessment of CA-ANN Consolidated Model in Urban Growth Modelling (A Case Study of Tehran Metropolitan Area)

Nowadays, investigations and analysis of changes in land use through local and national scales have been taken into consideration more than ever, the major purpose of which is to optimize land use as well as its limited finite resources. During the past few years, the rapid growth in population along with urbanization have intensified the significance of land use, resulting in extensive changes regarding the usage of lands in the cities. In general, it has been indicated that natural forces as well as human activities are the two major factors in changing land use and ground cover through scales ranging from local to national. Although the development of cities in western countries have taken a rather slow pace of progress currently, yet, statistics show a rapid, considerable growth in Asia. Similarly, our country have also witnessed such an increasing, accelerated progress, especially during the past 40 years; in most cases, however, the growth has taken place in outskirts of cities and locations with fewer facilities and features. Among various changes in land use brought about by humans, urban growth and development is of utmost importance concerning the high values of lands; as a result, the position of modelling and predicting the changes in land use in the future have also gained significance for urban management, environment, and other authorities and researchers involved. In many studies concerning the modelling of changes in land use, multi-temporal satellite images are presented as the most important type of data to be used. Consequently, the examination on how to utilize their various capabilities as to achieve desirable results is of special importance. Tehran metropolitan area, as the political and economic capital of the country, has been subject to a rapid influx of population along with inconvenient and unbalanced development. The emergence of an entangled, polluted and overcrowded environment in Tehran have revealed the necessity of an optimized management of natural resources as well as proper use of lands in this city, more
Empirical estimates of fiscal multipliers for South Africa

Despite the frequent use of fiscal policy for stabilization purposes and the important role fiscal activism has played over the last decade, the size of budgetary multipliers (i.e. the output response following an exogenous shock to fiscal policy) has been heatedly debated at the theoretical and empirical levels, both globally and in the South African context. This paper estimates fiscal multipliers for South Africa using a variety of identification approaches and model specifications.
Tortoise or Hare? Quantifying the Effects of Performance on Mobile App Retention

We contribute by quantifying the effect of network latency and battery consumption on mobile app performance and retention, i.e., user's decisions to continue or stop using apps. We perform our analysis by fusing two large-scale crowdsensed datasets collected by piggybacking on information captured by mobile apps. We find that app performance has an impact in its retention rate. Our results demonstrate that high energy consumption and high latency decrease the likelihood of retaining an app. Conversely, we show that reducing latency or energy consumption does not guarantee higher likelihood of retention as long as they are within reasonable standards of performance. However, we also demonstrate that what is considered reasonable depends on what users have been accustomed to, with device and network characteristics, and app category playing a role. As our second contribution, we develop a model for predicting retention based on performance metrics. We demonstrate the benefits of our model through empirical benchmarks which show that our model not only predicts retention accurately, but generalizes well across application categories, locations and other factors moderating the effect of performance.
FARMERS’ SUICIDES IN INDIA: TRENDS, RISK FACTORS AND PREVENTION

Increasing farm distress and the resulting farmer suicides are areas that need urgent attention. A key aspect of any suicide prevention strategy is our ability to understand the suicide process and manage the predisposing, protective, and precipitating factors so as to prevent these suicides. Extension services should play a crucial role in preventing farmers’ suicides – by assisting them to fathom the stress and suicide process, identifying vulnerable groups, providing telephonic advice and counselling, and creating communitybased institutions that can educate and help farmers, argue P Sethuraman Sivakumar and P Venkatesan here.
A Type System for Logical Formulas

We want to develop a programming language that is optimized for the implementation of logical formulas and logical algorithms. We want this language to be statically typed. This introduces some challenges to the type system: Logical formulas are tree-like structures that are recursively deﬁned by diﬀerent subcases that can have very diﬀerent forms. Wepresent a type system in which such types can be concisely deﬁned. In order to determine with which subcase we are currently dealing, we use subtypes (which we call ‘adjectives’). We show that the type and adjective system (membership and inclusion) are decidable by means of translation into regular tree automata
Relationship between the inhibition of leaf respiration by light and enhancement of leaf dark respiration following light treatment

Respiration (R, non-photorespiratory mitochondrial CO2 release) in leaves is inhibited by light. However, exposure to darkness after a period of illumination can also result in R being temporarily stimulated (termed ‘light enhanced dark respiration’, LEDR). We used a fast-response CO2 exchange system to investigate these observations in tobacco leaves. After switching off the light, there were two peaks of CO2 release, the first at 15–20 s (the photorespiratory post-illumination burst) and the second at 180–250 s (LEDR). LEDR occurred in all post-illumination experiments, independent of O2 or CO2 concentration. However, LEDR increased with increasing irradiance during the pre-dark period, suggesting some dependency on prior photosynthesis. We investigated the inhibition of R by light at low CO2 concentrations (G*): G* is the intercellular CO2 concentration at which net CO2 release represents R in the light. The inhibition of R in the light took about 50 s and was even evident at 3 mmol photons m-2 s-1, regardless of the light quality (red, blue or white). The inhibition of R by light showed similar dependency on irradiance as LEDR, such that the degree of inhibition was positively correlated with the level of LEDR. In the light, switching from 350 ppm to a low CO2 concentration that resulted in the intercellular CO2 concentration being at G*, resulted in R initially increasing and then stabilising. Maintaining the leaf at G* did not, therefore, lead to an underestimation of R. Our data suggest that a common mechanism may be responsible for both the inhibition of R by light and LEDR.
Do methane seeps support distinct macrofaunal assemblages? Observations on community structure and nutrition from the northern California slope and shelf

Although the conspicuous epifauna of reducing environments are known to exhibit strong morphological, physiological, and nutritional adaptations for life in these habitats, it is less clear whether infaunal organisms do so as well. We examined metazoan macrofauna from methane-seep sediments on the northern California slope (500 to 525 m depth) and from seep and non-seep sediments at 3 locations on the shelf (31 to 53 m depth) to determine whether the community structure and nutritional sources of seep infauna were distinct from those in non-seep, margin sediments. Seep macrofauna consisted mainly of normal slope and shelf species found in productive settings. Several macrofaunal taxa, such as Capitella sp. , Diastylopsis dawsoni, and Synidotea angulata, exhibited a preference for seeps. Other taxa, such as the amphipods Rhepoxynius abronius and R. daboius, avoided seeps. Species richness of shelf macrofauna, evaluated by rarefaction and diversity indices (H ' and J '), generally did not differ in seep and non-seep sediments. Similarly, stable isotopic composition (δ 13 C, δ 15 N) of active seep and non-seep macrofauna did not differ at the 3 shelf sites. Stable isotopic analyses of calcareous material confirmed the presence of methane-influenced pore waters at the slope study site. At one slope clam bed, macrofaunal δ 13 C signatures were lower and δ 15 N values were higher than at another clam bed, inactive slope sediments and shelf sites. However, only 1 of 14 macrofaunal taxa (a dorvilleid polychaete) exhibited isotopic evidence of chemosynthetic nutritional sources. At these sites, seep influence on the ecology of continental margin infauna appears spatially limited and relatively subtle. At their current level of activity, the northern California slope and shelf seeps appear to function as ephemeral, small- scale disturbances that are not sufficiently persistent to allow chemosynthesis-based trophic special- ization by most infauna. Rather, we suggest that many of the infauna inhabiting these seep sediments are shelf and slope species preadapted to organic-rich, reducing environments.
Oksidatif DNA hasar ürünleri ve hastalıklar

Organizmada, cesitli yollarla olusan serbest radikallerle antioksidan savunma sistemi denge halindedir. Bununla beraber serbest radikallerin organizmadan yeterince temizlenemedigi durumlarda DNA’da hasara yol acmakta ve hasar urunleri sekillenmektedir. Bu hasar urunleri cesitli metabolik hastaliklara, yaslanmaya, kansere ve hatta genetik materyal olan DNA yapisindaki modifikasyonlara neden olabilmektedir. Mutajenitesi en cok bilinmekte olan hasar urunlerinden bir tanesi de 8-hidroksi-2’- deoksiguanozin (8-OHdG)’dir.
Improving estimates of leaf area index with a dual-wavelength full-waveform TLS: The Salford Advanced Laser Canopy Analyser (SALCA)

Introduction In the past decade, Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) systems have proven their ability to collect threedimensional (3D) datasets with high detail and accuracy. Applications for forest structure measurements and associated biophysical parameters have been demonstrated from both airbourne (ALS) and ground-based (TLS) laser scanning systems. However, challenges still remain that limit the full characterisation of tree structures from these sensors. One of these is the inability to directly distinguish returns resulting from woody and leaf material. As a result, important ecological parameters such as leaf area index (LAI) and foliage profiles are often calculated from the entire forest point cloud leading instead to the generation of plant area index (PAI) and whole plant profiles. The accurate separation of tree leaf and wood returns would have far-reaching benefits including increasing accuracy in forest structural measurements, providing a validation tool for other indirect approaches, and in reducing uncertainty in hydrological, ecological, and climate modelling. Carbon allocation among tree organs is a topic of significant ecological interest due to the differing functioning roles of wood as slow decomposable carbon pools with low metabolic activity, and leaves as fast decomposable dynamic carbon pools which control moisture, gas exchange, and collect radiation. The relationship between ecological processes and Gross Primary Production (GPP) differs between the tree components and therefore their potential effect on carbon sequestration in times of rising carbon dioxide. It has been found that total biomass alone is not a good predictor of carbon flux in forests [1]. Therefore rather than assuming whole plant carbon use, it has been recommended that estimates are made by component. Forests are also sensitive indicators of climate change via vegetation phenology. Improved measurements of the seasonal accumulation and loss of leaf material would provide a significant resource with which to examine how species and ecosystems have responded to temperature variations and how they may respond to future climate change [2]. Although the physiological mechanisms involved in leaf and woody material growth are relatively well understood, directly measuring how much of each pool is present at one time, and its spatial and temporal characteristics, poses a significant challenge in structurally complex heterogeneous forest environments. Recent development of innovative multi-spectral sensors could provide a solution. Multi-spectral TLS instruments measure their surroundings using different wavelengths of radiation exploiting the spectral properties of forest target features. The aim of this paper is to offer an improved approach to estimating leaf area index with dualwavelength full-waveform TLS.
Herdabilidade em nível de média de família

Considerando um sistema poligenico de uma especie diploide, sem epistasia, e uma populacao em equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg, nao-endogâmica, e em equilibrio de ligacao genica, demonstra-se que: 1) a herdabilidade em sentido restrito em nivel de familia de meios-irmaos e igual ao quadrado do coeficiente de correlacao entre a media fenotipica de familia e o valor genetico aditivo do pai comum; 2) a herdabilidade em sentido restrito em nivel de familia de irmaos completos e igual ao quadrado do coeficiente de correlacao entre a media fenotipica de familia e a media dos valores geneticos aditivos dos progenitores; 3) a herdabilidade em sentido restrito em nivel de familia Sn e exatamente igual ao quadrado do coeficiente de correlacao entre a media fenotipica de familia e o valor genetico aditivo de seu progenitor, somente na ausencia de dominância ou quando as frequencias alelicas sao iguais; e 4) a herdabilidade em sentido amplo em nivel de familia de irmaos completos ou Sn pode ser usada para analisar a eficiencia da selecao, pois, em geral, a media genotipica da progenie e um bom indicador da superioridade dos pais ou da planta Sn-1, em termos de frequencia dos genes favoraveis.