Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF HYBRID METAHEURISTIC TECHNIQUES ON CLASSIFICATION

This paper discusses different hybrid version of Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Differential Evaluation (DE) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) and analyzes the performance of different hybrid algorithms in terms of classification accuracy. The hybridization is done to remove the limitations of each individual technique by incorporating the advantages of other techniques resulting in better convergence towards global optima. The paper covers various hybrid meta-heuristic techniques including ACO-PSO, ACO-GA, PSO-GA, GA-DE, and ACO-PSO-GA. The analysis has been done on different datasets downloaded from UCI repository using the parameters classification accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. The analysis clearly shows the impact of the hybridization on the classification in terms of accuracy as well as sensitivity and specificity.
Desenvolvimento de Órgãos da Digestão e Rendimento de Carcaça de Frangos de Corte de Diversas Origens Genéticas Criados com Bebedouros Pendular e Nipple

Breeding programs using parents from different genetic companies allow the production of commercial generations of broilers directed to attend diverse market situations, but they also serve to optimize the performance of the breeder female. However, this is not a current practice in Brazil where most of the commercial broilers being raised are originated from crosses within the same genetic company. The use of nipple drinkers in broiler houses has increased in the last few years; however, practical benefits have not been proved yet. This study evaluated the development of the digestive organs, live performance and carcass and cut up yields from broilers originated of the crossing between breeder males from four commercial strains (R, I, S, and H) with females also from various origins (R, I, and H) raised in pens with bell or nipple drinkers. Birds growth curves varied with strain cross and led to better body weight at marketing for the RR strain cross. Breast yield, however, was better for the cross IH. The SH strain cross showed a consistently lower body weight and carcass yield at all ages. The type of drinker did not affect any measured response regardless of the strain cross. Strain crosses or type of drinkers did not affect development of the digestive organs.
SHARED DATA & INDENTITY PRIVACY PRESERVING IN CLOUD AND PUBLIC AUDITING

Cloud is one common place for data to be stored and also shared across multiple users. Data integrity of the shared data is ensured by public auditing. Identity privacy preserving is carried out to hide users who may be higher value target in a group. Provision of adding new group members to an existing group, as well as revocation of existing member from a group would be supported dynamically at the runtime. Public auditing on shared data stored in the cloud storage is done by the means of privacy preserving mechanism. The auditing task are done by the third party auditor on behalf of the users without retrieving the entire file, and the identity of the signer on each block in shared data is kept private from the Third Party Auditor (TPA), who will then verify the integrity of shared data by exploiting ring signatures.
Tests of Null Models for Amphibian Declines on a Tropical Mountain

Many of the recent, widespread declines and disappearances of amphibian populations have taken place in seemingly undisturbed, montane habitats. The question of whether the observed patterns differ from those expected from natural population dynamics is the subject of an ongoing controversy with important implications for conservation. We examined this issue for the Monteverde region of Costa Rica’s Cordillera de Tilarán, where a multi‐species population crash in 1987 led to the disappearance of the endemic golden toad ( Bufo periglenes) and many other species. Focusing on long‐term studies of other amphibian assemblages, we developed probabilistic null models for the number of disappearances. Tests of these models at Monteverde suggest that the patterns observed there are highly improbable in the context of normal demographic variability. Twenty species of frogs and toads (40% of the anuran fauna) were missing throughout our 1990–1994 surveys of a 30‐km2 area. Not all organisms in this area had declined accordingly: the relative frequency of absences was much greater for anurans than for breeding birds. Nevertheless, anuran habitats, most of which are protected within the Monteverde Cloud Forest Preserve, seemed unchanged, and none of the breeding‐bird species known to be sensitive to deforestation was missing. Thus, only factors other than direct, obvious human impacts can explain the amphibian declines. Consistent with our tests of null models, analyses of recent population trends do not support the hypothesis that the 1987 crash was an extreme fluctuation from which populations are recovering. Surviving species for which baseline data are available—stream‐breeding glass frogs ( Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni and Centrolenella prosoblepon) and a pond‐breeding treefrog ( Hyla pseudopuma)—remained far less abundant than they were before the crash and showed no increase during 1990‐1994. We documented an increase only for one terrestrial‐breeding rain frog ( Eleutherodactylus diastema).
DETECTION OF COMMUNITIES IN COMPLEX GRAPHS BASED ON THE NORMALIZED COVARIANCE BETWEEN VERTICES

Communities detection in graphs has been the subject of many algorithms. Recent methods seek to optimize a function of modularity indicating a maximum of relationships within communities and a minimum of inter-communities relations. This paper will be presented as follows, first, we present the state of the art in matters of detection methods of communities then we propose a method for detecting communities. This method works into two steps, the first step consist to split the graph into subgraphs by using the normalized covariance measurement and the second part allows to merge the sub-graphs by maximizing the modularity of the resulting graph.
Features of Acceleration and Angular Velocity Using Thigh IMUs during Walking in Water

Ten participants were assessed while walking in water and on land with wearable inertial measurement units (IMUs) attached to the right thigh. Longitudinal acceleration, anterior-posterior acceleration, and frontal axis angular velocity were measured at 100 Hz, matched with video analysis sampled at 25 Hz during the walking trials. The longitudinal acceleration showed almost 1 g from initial heel contact to 70% of one cycle, and the anterior-posterior acceleration showed a sinusoidal pattern, synchronizing the approximate posture of the thigh in water. The frontal axis angular velocity fluctuated less while walking in water compared with on land, because thigh motion speed was slower in water than on land. The acceleration and angular velocity in water were stable and did not fluctuate. Walking exercises in water may be effective in individuals with kneeor thighrelated medical issues.
At What Speed does Walking Become “Dynamic”? Interplane Coupling as a Measure

Walking speed is considered by some to be the 6th vital sign because it is a valid, reliable and sensitive measure that can predict rehabilitation outcomes, cognitive decline, disabilities, and cardiovascular events [1]. Healthy individuals generally walk at self-selected speeds of 1.0 to 1.4 ms , depending on age and sex. The speed of “community ambulation,” typically considered 0.44 ms , indicates the walking speed threshold below which an individual is unable to participate actively in society and have a healthy lifestyle [2]. Over 800,000 individuals in the U.S. cannot achieve this speed of walking, so they are not considered community ambulators. Traumas such as spinal cord injury, stroke, and lower limb amputation often contribute to slow walking speed, and the return to community ambulation is a common rehabilitation goal. Is walking at speeds below the community ambulation threshold dynamic? Regardless, what is the threshold for walking to be “dynamic”? These are semantic questions, but the kinematics and kinetics of walking at very slow speeds are quite different from those at self-selected speeds. For example, the mediolateral displacement of the mass center at slow speeds is more than twice that at self-selected speeds, while the vertical displacement is only about half [3]. See Fig. 1. Flat foot posture at touchdown as opposed to rolling on the heel in early stance, a reduction in knee flexion during this same phase of gait, absence of ankle plantar flexion at toe off, and reduction of EMG amplitudes are other key differences. While these difference are clear, there is no obvious demarcation of (or Froude number equivalent to predict) the transition from very slow to dynamic walking, and a better understanding of that transition could inform rehabilitation strategies.
A PREDICTIVE MODEL FOR STUDENT OUTCOMES USING SPARSE CODING – HYBRID FEATURES SELECTION

Educational data mining is a new research area and is used to predict student performance and provides insight that allows educators to plan accordingly. Its results now play an important role in improving educational standards. Specific algorithms for ‘Features Selection’ optimize the classification accuracy of a prediction model. This work introduces a new method based on sparse representation for features selection and reduction that assesses predictive model's accuracy, precision and recall. Different existing features selection methods are fused and passed to a classifier to measure performance using educational datasets. Experimental results are compared to existent features selection techniques and demonstrate that the proposed approach provides superior solution for data fusion and individual (single) predictive outcomes
BIOMECHANICS OF HEARING IN FISH: FROM THE SONIC TO THE ULTRASONIC

De Vries, H.L. (1950) The mechanics of the labyrinth otoliths. Acta Otolaryngol. (Stockh.). 38, 262-273. Gauldie R.W. (1988) Function, form and time-keeping properties of fish otoliths. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 91A, 359-401. Lychakov, D.V. & Rebane, Yu. T. (1993) Effect of otolith shape on directional sound perception in fishes. J. Evol. Biochem. Physiol. 28, 531-536. Lychakov, D.V. & Rebane, Yu. T. (2000) Otolith regularities. Hear. Res. 143, 83-102. Popper, A.N. & Fay, R.R. (1993) Sound detection and processing by fish: critical review and major research questions. Brain Behav. Evol. 41, 14-38. Protasov, V.R. (1965) Bioacoustic of Fish. Nauka; Moscow. (in Russian). Rim an, I.S. & Kreps, R.L. (194 7) Associated masses of solids of different shape. Trudy TsAGI. 637, 1-46 (in Russian).
A Contribution to the Life History of the Pontederiaceæ

(WITH PLATES XIX-XX) THE following investigation of Pontederia cordata was begun in the winter of I897 as supplemental to a course in the special morphology of monocotyledons, under the direction of Dr. John M. Coulter. In the following summer, for purposes of comparison, I collected and studied material of Eichhornia crassipes. This is, so far as I know, the first examination of the gametophyte generation of any of the Pontederiaceaw. While the results, as might be expected, do not show any wide deviation from the usual series of events in monocotyledons, they have a value as indicating the extent of variation within a given order, and, in the case of Eichhornia, within a given species. I wish here to acknowledge my indebtedness to Dr. Coulter for criticisms and valuable suggestions:
Stimulation of Langerhans Cell Migration by Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α)

Following topical exposure of mice to skin-sensitizing chemicals, Langerhans cells (LC), many of which bear antigen, are stimulated to migrate via the afferent lymphatics to draining lymph nodes. Consistent with the acquisition of potent immunostimulatory activity, LC while in transit to lymph nodes, are subject to a functional and phenotypic maturation thought to be mediated by granulocyte/macrophage colonystimulating factor (GM-CSF) and possibly other epidermal cytokines. An interesting question is the nature of the stimulus that initiates the migration of LC from the epidermis. We have examined the influence of intradermal tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), another epidermal cytokine, on the accumulation of dendritic cells (DC) in draining lymph nodes. Murine, but not human, recombinant TNF-α caused a rapid and concentration-dependent increase in the frequency of DC in draining nodes. The conclusion drawn is that local production of TNF-α provides one signal for LC migration during cutaneous immune and inflammatory responses.
Contribution of Specific Adventitious Microorganisms toward Evolution of Sugar and Organic Acid Profiles throughout Ripening of Model Portuguese Cheeses

Model cheeses, designed to mimic Portuguese traditional cheeses, were manufactured aseptically following a method that attempted to resemble artisanal manufacture practices: they were coagulated with either animal or plant rennet, and inoculated with defined strains of lactic acid bacteria, that had initially been recovered as major constituents of the native microflora of Serra da Estrela cheese, viz. Lactococcus and Lactobacillus genera, either independently or as a mixture. The gross composition, the microbial viability, and the organic compound profile in those model cheeses were monitored, throughout a 60 day-ripening period. Microbial viability, pH, and levels of acetic and lactic acids were the physicochemical and biological parameters that experienced the most significant changes in such matrices — which were, in turn, dependent on the type of inoculum used. No synergisms emerged upon combination of the two strains, in terms of sugar uptake and organic acid release. The contribution of each adventitious bacterium — either independently or in the presence of each other, to the development of expected biochemical characteristics of model cheeses (even though to a lower extent than in actual ones) was confirmed, whereas the type of rennet used proved to be not relevant.
Ceradini’s approach in fracture mechanics

The crack propagation problem for linear elastic f racture mechanics has been studied by some authors exploiting its analogy with plasticity theo ry (see e.g. [1, 2, 3] ). This approach is here further pursued, by noting that Stress Intensity Facto rs (SIFs) asymptotic expansion allows a Colonnetti’s approach. As a consequence, a minimum variati on l formulation is obtained in terms of crack tip velocity. It is reminiscent of Ceradini’s theor m for plasticity.
Statistical approaches in landscape genetics: an evaluation of methods for linking landscape and genetic data

The goal of landscape genetics is to detect and explain landscape effects on genetic diversity and structure. Despite the increasing popularity of landscape genetic approaches, the statistical methods for linking genetic and landscape data remain largely untested. This lack of method evaluation makes it difficult to compare studies utilizing different statistics, and compromises the future development and application of the field. To investigate the suitability and comparability of various statistical approaches used in landscape genetics, we simulated data sets corresponding to five landscape-genetic scenarios. We then analyzed these data with eleven methods, and compared the methods based on their statistical power, type-1 error rates, and their overall ability to lead researchers to accurate conclusions about landscape-genetic relationships. Results suggest that some of the most commonly applied techniques (e.g. Mantel and partial Mantel tests) have high type-1 error rates, and that multivariate, non-linear methods are better suited for landscape genetic data analysis. Furthermore, different methods generally show only moderate levels of agreement. Thus, analyzing a data set with only one method could yield method-dependent results, potentially leading to erroneous conclusions. Based on these findings, we give recommendations for choosing optimal combinations of statistical methods, and identify future research needs for landscape genetic data analyses.
The Theory of Speciational Trends

It has generally been assumed that evolutionary trends are products of anagenesis, or change through time within a particular phyletic lineage, and that divergence between lineages is a separate mode. Indeed, this dichotomy is implicit in the terms anagenesis and cladogenesis. An analysis of evolutionary trends some years ago led to the conclusion that this distinction does not always hold up. Some evolutionary trends are no doubt anagenetic in nature, but in other cases the" predominant mode in the trend is likely to be cladogenesis (Grant 1963, chaps. 18, 19). It was argued that evolutionary trends, in some cases, are the resultant of a stepwise succession of speciations in which each daughter species diverges from the ancestral stock in the same general direction. In other words, the trend may be the product of a time-series of speciational events (Grant 1963). This type of trend, later termed a speciational trend (Grant 1977a,b), was distinguished from orthodox or phyletic trends in which anagenesis is the prevailing mode. A phyletic trend takes place within a species lineage; the stages in the trend are represented by successional species (or paleospecies or chronospecies) rather than by contemporaneous biological species. A speciational trend, by contrast, is a product of successive speciations; and here the stages are represented by everyounger biological species, not by successional species (Grant 1963, 1977a,b, 1985). The subject of speciational trends is reviewed here for several reasons. First, the possibility that some trends are speciational in their structure is interesting in itself. Furthermore, the concept of speciational trends is useful, since it can explain some macroevolutionary phenomena that are difficult o account for by any other process. Finally, although the subject of speciational trends was introduced in 1963 and elaborated further in 1977, the concept is still not widely known. I present some background in order to put the issues in better perspective.
Two forms of egg defence in a chrysomelid beetle: egg clumping and excrement cover

Abstract. 1 Field experiments demonstrated that the faecal covering that female Microrhopala vittata (Fabr.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) place over their egg masses significantly reduces egg mortality. 2 The bottom egg in the egg mass, which lies against the leaf of the host plant, suffers significantly higher mortality than the other eggs in the egg mass. 3 The parasite Chrysonotomyia sp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) generally parasitizes only the bottom egg in the egg mass, while predators rarely penetrate the faecal covering. 4 No significant relationship was found between mortality and the number of egg masses per leaf. 5 By placing eggs in masses, females may ensure that at least the upper eggs in any egg mass are effectively protected against virtually all natural enemies likely to pose a threat.
Isolation and Characterization of Endophytic Bacilli Bacterium from Maize Grains Able to Detoxify Aflatoxin B1

Aflatoxins are commonly found in cereals worldwide and bring significant threats to the food industry and animal food production. Among a collection of aflatoxin-degradative endophytic bacteria isolated from grains of corn plant, the strain TUBF1 was selected based on its high-ability to utilize aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) (10 μg/mL) as the sole carbon source. The morphological, physiological, and phylogenetic studies indicated that strain TUBF1 belonged to the Bacillus sp. group. HPLC was used to determine the reduction in AFB1 concentrations. Bacillus sp. TUBF1 had the strongest ability to detoxify toxin, where the degradation percentages of AFB1 was 81.5% and 100% after 48 and 72 h, respectively. The degradation of AFB1 was mainly in the culture supernatant of TUBF1 rather than its cells. About 90% of AFB1 was degraded within the first 12 h and reduced to the undetectable level after 24 h. The supernatant was characterized by considerable activity at wide range of temperatures (10–40°C) with optimal activity at 32°C and pH 6.5–7.5. Biosafety assessment test indicated that the crude enzymes had the high ability to detoxify AFB1. In conclusion, this is the first report on AFB1 detoxification using an endophytic Bacillus isolated from grains.
Buoyless Nets Reduce Sea Turtle Bycatch in Coastal Net Fisheries

Coastal entangling net fisheries are globally ubiquitous and have substantial socioeconomic importance, especially in developing nations. Bycatch in coastal nets results in high mortality of vulnerable megafauna including seabirds, marine mammals, and sea turtles, and has led to fisheries closures that incur high social costs. The overlap of intense bottom‐set net fisheries with a high‐density foraging hot spot of endangered loggerhead turtles at Baja California Sur, Mexico (BCS) produces among the highest recorded megafauna bycatch rates worldwide. From 2007 to 2009, we conducted controlled experiments in partnership with local fishermen at BCS to compare turtle bycatch rates with target catch rates, composition, and market value between conventional (control) and buoyless (buoys removed from float line) nets. In 136 controlled sets of net pairs, buoyless nets reduced mean turtle bycatch rates by 68% while maintaining target catch rates and composition. Our results suggest that buoyless nets offer a promising approach for mitigating sea turtle and potentially other megafauna bycatch while maintaining coastal net fisheries worldwide.
Evaluation of temperature models for predicting bud burst in Norway spruce

Spring bud development was assessed on cuttings of 17 Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst. ) clones for up to 7 years at two sites in southern and central Sweden. The ability of various temperature models to predict bud-burst timing was analysed. All temperature-based models resulted in significantly better predictions than the null model, day number. Temperature sum (TS) based on a linear response to temperature above a defined threshold, gave a more precise prediction than forcing units based on a logistic response to temperature. The most precise model could predict bud burst to within 2 days, and it included TS with a threshold of 5°C and a start day arbitrarily chosen between January and March. The models were not improved by incorporating chilling, in terms of chilling days (number of days with mean temperature <5°C) or chilling units. It is suggested that chilling requirement is fulfilled already in December under normal winter conditions in southern and central Sweden. Ranking of clones in bud-bu.
Influences of Relationship Benefits of SNS on Brand Attitude

Supporting communications among users, Social Network has encouraged various information flows through relationships among them. This paper studies on mentality or attitude of Social Network Services (SNS for short) users, on the basis of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM for short) and then proposes so-called TAMS, Technology Acceptance Model for Social Network Services. SNS users make full use of SNS as channels in order to create, expand, and obtain some information related to personal concerns. We will research on how the benefits that users get by using SNS exert influence on user-perceived usability. The SNS-using benefits focus on relationship benefits that are formed by interactions among users. Provided that perceived usability affects mental or informational benefits according to involvement of SNS users, we will check how perceived usability or ease of use is connected to brand attitude.