Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ras Triggers Ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated and Rad-3-related Activation and Apoptosis through Sustained Mitogenic Signaling*

Genetic evidence indicates that Ras plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of human thyroid tumors. Paradoxically, acute expression of activated Ras in normal rat thyroid cells induced deregulated cell cycle progression and apoptosis. We investigated whether cell cycle progression was required for Ras-stimulated apoptosis. Ras increased CDK-2 activity following its introduction into quiescent cells. Apoptotic cells exhibited a sustained increase in CDK-2 activity, accompanied by the loss of CDK-2-associated p27. Blockade of Ras-induced CDK-2 activity and S phase entry via overexpression of p27 inhibited apoptosis. Inactivation of the retinoblastoma protein in quiescent cells through expression of HPV-E7 stimulated cell cycle progression and apoptosis, indicating that deregulated cell cycle progression is sufficient to induce apoptosis. Ras failed to induce G1 phase growth arrest in normal rat thyroid cells. Rather, Ras-expressing thyroid cells progressed into S and G2 phases and evoked a checkpoint response characterized by the activation of ATR. Ras-stimulated ATR activity, as evidenced by Chk1 and p53 phosphorylation, was blocked by p27, suggesting that cell cycle progression triggers checkpoint activation, likely as a consequence of replication stress. These data reveal that Ras is capable of inducing a DNA damage response with characteristics similar to those reported in precancerous lesions. Our findings also suggest that the frequent mutational activation of Ras in thyroid tumors reflects the ability of Ras-expressing cells to bypass checkpoints and evade apoptosis rather than to simply increase proliferative potential.
Symptomatic benefit from eradicating Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with nonulcer dyspepsia.

BACKGROUND The eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection is beneficial in patients with gastric or duodenal ulcers. The value of eradicating the infection in patients with dyspepsia and no evidence of ulcer disease is not known. METHODS We performed a randomized, placebo-controlled trial comparing the efficacy of treatment for two weeks with 20 mg of omeprazole orally twice daily, 500 mg of amoxicillin three times daily (with 500 mg of tetracycline three times daily substituted for amoxicillin in patients allergic to penicillin), and 400 mg of metronidazole three times daily (160 patients) with that of omeprazole alone (158 patients) for resolving symptoms of dyspepsia in patients with H. pylori infection but no evidence of ulcer disease on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Symptoms were assessed with the Glasgow Dyspepsia Severity Score, with resolution of symptoms defined as a score of 0 or 1 in the preceding six months (maximal score, 20). One year later the patients were assessed to determine the frequency of the resolution of symptoms. RESULTS One month after the completion of treatment, 132 of 150 patients (88 percent) in the group assigned to received omeprazole and antibiotics had a negative test for H. pylori, as compared with 7 of 152 (5 percent) in the group assigned to receive omeprazole alone. One year later, dyspepsia had resolved in 33 of 154 patients (21 percent) in the group given omeprazole and antibiotics, as compared with 11 of 154 (7 percent) in the group given omeprazole alone (95 percent confidence interval for the difference, 7 to 22 percent; P<0.001). Among the patients in the group given omeprazole and antibiotics, the symptoms resolved in 26 of the 98 patients (27 percent) who had had symptoms for five years or less, as compared with 7 of the 56 patients (12 percent) who had had symptoms for more than five years (P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS In patients with H. pylori infection and nonulcer, or functional, dyspepsia, treatment with omeprazole and antibiotics to eradicate the infection is more likely to resolve symptoms than treatment with omeprazole alone.
Effects of natriuretic peptides upon hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical system activity and anxiety behaviour.

Natriuretic peptides (ANP, BNP and CNP) comprise a family of structurally related peptides, which are derived from three different genes and which share a 17-amino acid internal ring. Besides their peripheral involvement in diuresis and blood pressure regulation these peptides, their bioactive fragments and their corresponding receptors (natriuretic peptide receptors NPR-A, NPR-B and NPR-C) are found throughout the central nervous system (CNS): NPR-A and NPR-C are found on neurons and astrocytes, while NPR-B is located mainly on neurons and partially colocalizes with NPR-A. In the CNS of man and rodents NPR-A is found mainly in cortex and hippocampus, whereas NPR-B is present in the amygdala and several brainstem regulatory sites. NPR-C is found widely within the CNS i.e. in neocortex, limbic cortex, the hippocampal area and the amygdala. These peptides and their receptors represent an important neuromodulatory system within the CNS, which is involved not only in the regulation of fluid homeostasis but also directly influences emotional behaviour, such as anxiety and arousal, and the sequelae of stress hormone release and autonomic nervous system activation. Natriuretic peptides are specifically involved in the regulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system: in man and rodents ANP inhibits the HPA system at all regulatory levels, while CNP stimulates the release of cortisol. Complementarily, the anatomic structure of natriuretic peptide systems within the CNS supports an important role for these in normal and pathologic emotional behaviour (e.g. anxiety and panic): in rodents ANP was found to reduce anxiety levels, whereas CNP induced the opposite effect. In patients with panic disorder basal ANP plasma levels are lower in comparison to healthy volunteers, but ANP secretion is faster and more pronounced during experimentally induced panic attacks. The inhibitory potency of ANP could explain the unexpected and so far unresolved failure of autonomic and HPA system activation during panic attacks. Moreover, panic anxiety and concomitant ACTH and cortisol secretion elicited by stimulation with the panicogen cholecystokinin-tetrapeptide were also attenuated by ANP infusions in patients as well as in healthy volunteers. Hence, it may be surmised that in man and rodents ANP reduces anxiety and terminates panic attacks and their neuroendocrine sequelae.
Dryland Sustainable Livelihoods: Role of Clan and Customary Laws in West Timor, Indonesia

“Subsistence farming is one of the essential features of dryland regions to support people in coping with drought and rainfall variability. This paper examines the livelihoods of Atoin Meto, a tribal community that practices subsistence corn growing in dryland West Timor. It discusses the role of clan system and customary laws in the livelihoods of this tribal people. This study finds that the role of the Meto clan system and customary laws is twofold: it has contributed to reducing livelihood vulnerability in the region via the management of community forest resources and maintenance of members’ rights to access farmland and natural resources. On the other hand, it also allows opportunity for the misuse of power by official village heads and hinders the process of development. Qualitative data were collected through group interviews, in-depth key informant interviews, and participant observation. This finding implies that, for this tribe to increase its capacity for sustainable rural development in dryland regions, future development policy for this region needs to find ways and means to improve local governance and replace corrupt village officials. ”
Electromyographic Analysis of the Hip and Knee During the Golf Swing

As golf increases in popularity, more golfers seek the proper mechanics necessary for the perfect golf swing. Surprisingly little scientific work has been published on the contribution of the hip and knee muscles during the golf swing even though most professionals have recognized their vital contribution. Recent studies have described the electromyographic (EMG) muscle activity of the shoulder, back, and trunk during the golf swing. The purpose of this study was to describe the electrical muscle activity in seven hip and knee muscles of both the left (lead) and right (trail) leg in competitive golfers while performing the golf swing. Sixteen golfers were studied with indwelling electrodes and high-speed cinematography, The EMG was synchronized with the film to discern five phases of the golf swing. Means, SDs, and t-tests were done. The results revealed that the trail hip extensors and abductors in conjunction with the lead adductor magus initiated pelvic rotation during forward swing. The lead hamstrings maintained a flexed knee and provided a stable base on which pelvic rotation took place. The peak EMG muscle activity recorded in the hips and knees occurred in an earlier phase than that measured previously in the trunk and shoulder. This confirmed the sequential firing pattern of the hip and knee muscles that takes place during the competitive golf swing. Information gained from this study can be used by players and coaches to optimize performance and to minimize injury.
Model based coding revisited: Employing model data for 21st century image and video coding

We present a Model Based Coding (MBC) scheme which employs 3D scene information resulting in more efficient image coding. We propose a balancing between texture and difference, such that MBC is a dynamic enhancement to current standard image encoders: if no usable model data can be produced, all information remains in the difference, corresponding to standard encoding schemes. The higher the model quality, the more information can be transmitted. The result is an encoding scheme which offers at least the code rate of current encoders and additionally produces a 3D model.
Analysis of noise reduction techniques on QRS ECG waveform - by applying different filters

The morphology of ECG signal has been used for recognizing much variability's of heart activity, so it is very important to get the parameters of ECG signal clear without noise. In order to support clinical decision-making, reasoning tool to the ECG signal must be clearly represented and filtered, to remove out all noises and artifacts from the signal. ECG signal is one of the bio-signals that is considered as a non-stationary signal and needs a hard work to denoising. This paper described about denoising the ECG waveform by applying the different filters like band-stop filter, low pass filter, high pass filter and average digital filter. The MATLAB simulation result is showed the different waveform images after applying the different filters. Based on the filter characteristic the corresponding noises are removed and consolidate table also is available in this paper.
A Quantitative Assessment of the Sensitivity of Whole-Head MEG to Activity in the Adult Human Cortex

MagnetoEncephaloGraphy (MEG) relies on the detection of cortical current flow by measurement of the associated magnetic field outside the head. The amplitude of this magnetic field depends strongly on the depth of the electrical brain activity. Additionally, radially orientated sources are magnetically silent in a concentrically homogeneous volume conductor, giving rise to the anecdotal assumptions that MEG is insensitive to both deep and gyral sources. Utilising cortical surfaces extracted from Magnetic Resonance Images (MRIs) of two adult brains we constructed all possible single source elements and examined the proportion of active neocortex that is actually detectable with a whole-head MEG system. We identified those electrically active regions to which MEG is maximally sensitive by analytically computing the probability of detecting a source within a specified confidence volume. Our findings show that source depth, and not orientation, is the main factor that compromises the sensitivity of MEG to activity in the adult human cortex. There are thin strips (approximately 2 mm wide) of poor resolvability at the crests of gyri; however, these strips account for only a relatively small proportion of the cortical area and are abutted by elements with nominal tangential component yet high resolvability due to their proximity to the sensor array. Finally, we varied the extent of the patches of cortical activity, showing that small patches have a small net-current moment and are therefore less visible whereas large patches have a strong net-current moment, are generally more visible to the MEG system, yet are less appropriately modelled as single dipoles.
The Impact of Legitimate and Illegitimate Criteria on Decision Making

Recent high-profile court rulings addressing the influence of illegitimate information—such as race—on decision making have highlighted the difficulty of establishing whether and when discrimination has occurred. One factor complicating such efforts is that decision makers are often simultaneously influenced by racial and nonracial information. The authors examined the psychological processes underlying such mixed-motive decision making, demonstrating how legitimate information can be manipulated to justify preferences based on illegitimate factors such as race. Study 1 showed that Black candidates were favored over White candidates in hypothetical college admissions decisions, although participants justified their decisions using nonracial information, and further showed that participants’ levels of prejudice predicted both which candidate was chosen and how those choices were justified. Study 2 demonstrated that these justifications were not simply strategic and post hoc but also occurred as a natural part of the process of evaluating candidates. Discussion focuses on policy and legal implications for employment discrimination, affirmative action, and courtroom proceedings.
Conception d'un observateur PI pour un multimodèle découplé

Resume. Ce document aborde l’estimation d’etat des systemes non lineaires. L’approche proposee repose sur la representation du systeme par un multimodele decouple. Ce type de multimodele constitue une alternative au multimodele dit de Takagi-Sugeno classiquement utilise. En effet, contrairement a ce dernier, le multimodele decouple permet l’utilisation d’un vecteur d’etat de dimension differente pour chaque sous-modele et en ce sens, l’approche presentee est originale. L’estimation d’etat proposee est effectuee a l’aide d’un observateur de type Proportionnel - Integral (PI) connu pour ses proprietes de robustesse. La synthese de ce type d’observateur pour un multimodele decouple n’a pas fait, a notre connaissance, l’objet de travaux de recherche. Des conditions suffisantes pour garantir la convergence de l’erreur d’estimation sont donnees sous une forme LMI. Mot cles. Estimation d’etat; observateur PI; systemes non lineaires; multimodele decouple.
EM³: A Taxonomy of Heterogeneous Computing Systems

The field of heterogeneous computing is growing rapidly. New concepts and systems appear daily. Hence, it is important to fit each new contribution into its proper place in the puzzle called heterogeneous computing. This is possible only if an adequate taxonomy/classification exists, one that can show whether or not a new system is heterogeneous, and if so, what kind of heterogeneity it exhibits. We propose a new taxonomy that shows the relative position of each and every heterogeneous system in the overall computer systems world. The proposed taxonomy is intended to be both broad enough to encompass all existing heterogeneous systems and simple enough to be easily accepted. Consequently, our taxonomy includes only four classes of computer systems. We propose that computer systems be classified as follows: SESM (single execution mode, single machine model); SEMM (single execution mode, multiple machine models), MESM (multiple execution modes, single machine model), and MEMM (multiple execution modes, multiple machine models).
Topological analysis of the brainstem of the bowfin, Amia calva

This paper presents a survey of the cell masses in the brainstem of the generalized actinopterygian fish Amia calva, based on transversely cut Nissl‐, Klüver‐Barrera‐, and Bodian‐stained serial sections. This study is intended to serve a double purpose. First it forms part of a now almost complete series of publications on the structure of the brainstem in representative species of all groups of vertebrates. Within the framework of this comparative program the cell masses in the brainstem and their positional relations are analyzed in the light of the Herrick–Johnston concept; according to this the brainstem nuclei are arranged in four longitudinal, functional zones or columns, the boundaries of which are marked by ventricular sulci. The procedure employed in this analysis essentially involves two steps: first, the cell masses and large individual cells are projected upon the ventricular surface, and next, the ventricular surface is flattened out, that is, subjected to a one‐to‐one continuous topological transformation (Nieuwenhuys [1974] J. Comp. Neurol. 156:255‐267). The second purpose of the present paper is to provide a cytoarchitectonic basis for experimental analysis of the fiber connectivity in the brainstem of Amia.
Process Innovation Meets Digital Infrastructure in a High-Tech Hospital

Digitalisation is usually about process innovation with the use of IT, i.e. automating or in formating organisational processes. However, redesigned processes are often misaligned with the underlying digital infrastructure. For instance, improving patient logistics with the help of IT is a key aim for current e-health initiatives, but has proven to be quite challenging in practice, and is sparsely dealt with in the literature. Our research question is, how can a process innovation initiative successfully interact with an underlying digital infrastructure? Our empirical evidence is an in-depth case study at a new high-tech hospital in Norway. Building on a proposed framework of interaction between process innovation and digital infrastructure, we identify and analyse two governance and two architectural mechanisms. Theoretically, we contribute to the digital infrastructure research by proposing a configuration for successful process innovation, in a complex e-health context. For practitioners, we show that lightweight IT can serve as a mediating technology in the configuration.
Magnetic Particles Extracted from Manganese Nodules: Suggested Origin from Stony and Iron Meteorites

On the basis of x-ray diffraction and electron microprobe data, spherical and ellipsoidal particles extracted from manganese nodules were divided into three groups. Group 1 particles are believed to be derived from iron meteorites, and Group 11 particles from stony meteorites. Group III particles are believed to be volcanic in origin.
Opting-Out: The Relationship between Moral Arguments and Public Policy in Organ Procurement

In 2006 I published an article with an intentionally narrow focus; I attempted to give a clear argument concerning the moral status of organ procurement— not any particular procurement strategy, but for our moral basis for procurement itself. Although certainly not the only attempt ever made at this issue, the argument was unique insofar as it provided a simple, point-by-point expression of the basic premises in support of a moral obligation to release one’s organs upon death. The basic premises are as follows:
Natural and Induced CD4+CD25+ Cells Educate CD4+CD25− Cells to Develop Suppressive Activity: The Role of IL-2, TGF-β, and IL-101

Thymus-derived, natural CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells can educate peripheral CD4+CD25− cells to develop suppressive activity by poorly understood mechanisms. TGF-β has IL-2-dependent costimulatory effects on alloactivated naive, human CD4+ T cells and induces them ex vivo to become potent contact-dependent, cytokine-independent suppressor cells. In this study, we report that CD4+CD25+ cells are the targets of the costimulatory effects of IL-2 and TGF-β. These cells do not divide, but, instead, greatly increase the numbers of CD4+CD25− cells that become CD25+ cytokine-independent suppressor cells. These CD4+CD25+ regulatory cells, in turn, induce other alloactivated CD4+CD25− cells to become potent suppressor cells by mechanisms that, surprisingly, require both cell contact and TGF-β and IL-10. The suppressive effects of these secondary CD4+CD25+ cells depend upon TGF-β and IL-10. Moreover, both the naive CD4+ cells induced by IL-2 and TGF-β to become suppressor cells, and the subsequent CD4+CD25− cells educated by them to become suppressors express FoxP3. We suggest that the long-term effects of adoptively transferred natural-like CD4+CD25+ regulatory cells induced ex vivo are due to their ability to generate new cytokine-producing CD4+ regulatory T cells in vivo.
Formulation of Bank Melli Iran Marketing Strategy Based on Porter‘S Competitive Strategy

ABSTRACT The presence of a modern and predefined marketing strategy is essential for every enterprise like banks in order for the bank to be able to benefit from an appropriate and efficient strategy based on the current market conditions, competitors' status and so on. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to develop a marketing strategy based on Porter's competitive strategy at BankMelli. the number of managers working at BankMelli is 2456 and 337 of them were selected as samples to be used in the calculations. the result of this article, which were obtained based on the fuzzy TOPSIS test method, indicates that the differentiation strategy is the first priority and then are the focus and cost leadership strategies. In addition, prioritization of indices indicates that personnel thinking, personnel abilities, market development, service provision and ultimately, product presentation are the first five priorities in determining the strategy of BankMelli.
Easterbrook's hypothesis and eyewitness cue utilization

Although well-supported and historically-important, the Yerkes-Dodson research cannot incorporate current findings on the relationship of arousal and selective attention. Easterbrook's hypothesis suggests that arousal produces a narrowing of attention which selects among available stimuli. ' Whether information is processed depends on the level of arousal and the nature of the task. As arousal increases, Easterbrook predicts more attention directed to central tasks, while superfluous stimuli are progressively removed. The present investigation studied the predictions of Easterbrook' s hypothesis on.incidental memory in a simulated eyewitness case. College students were aroused to either resting, 50, 65, or 85 percent maximum heartrate by their activity on an ergometer. After a nine-minute exercise period, 24 slides depicting a wallet-snatching incident were shown, followed by a projected multiple-choice questionnaire sensitive to central or peripheral detail. Following a series of nonsignificant tests for homogeneity of variance, a Two-Factor, Repeated-Measures ANOVA was performed on the data. No significant interaction between the level of arousal and errors was noted. The main effect of groups was also nonsignificant. The effect of question type was significant, but may be due more to uncontrolled differences between questions than action of the independent variable. In summary, these results suggest that Easterbrook's hypoEasterbrook and Eyewitness