Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Public Attitudes Toward Epilepsy in 1969 With an Indication of Trends over the Past Twenty Years

In the years 1949, 1954, 1959, 1964, and 1969 the American Institute of Public Opinion obtained answers to questions about epilepsy from representative members of the adult population throughout the United States. During this twenty‐year period, knowledge of epilepsy was found in 90–95% of the people interviewed. When those familiar with epilepsy were asked if they would object to their children playing with epileptics, 57% answered “no” in 1949, 68% in 1954, 67% in 1959, 77% in 1964, and 81% in 1969. When asked if they thought epilepsy was a form of insanity, 59% said “no” in 1949, 68% in 1954, 74% in 1959, 79% in 1964, and 81% in 1969. When asked if epileptics should be employed, 45% said “yes” in 1949, 60% in 1954, 75% in 1959, 82% in 1964, and 76% in 1969. The adverse responses were proportionately reduced. In each of the five surveys, the most favorable opinion was among the better educated, better employed, younger and urban members of the population. The states in the Eastern, Midwestern and Western regions showed less prejudice than those in the Southern region.
ON A PERMANENT MAGNET BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR FED BY PV ARRAY FOR WATER PUMPING SYSTEM

This paper describes the experimental study carried out on a Permanent Magnet Brushless DC (PMBLDC) Motor drive coupled to a pump load powered by photovoltaic (PV) array I for water pumping system. A simple low cost prototype controller has been designed and developed without current and position sensors which reduces drastically the overall cost of the drive system. This controller is used to test the dynamic behavior of the PMBLDC motor drive system. The mathematical model of the system is developed with a view to carry out a comparison between experimental and simulated response of the drive system. The necessary computer algorithm is developed to analyze the performance under different conditions of varying solar insolation for a pump load. The developed state space equations are simulated to obtain the performance characteristics which are also verified by conducting suitable experiment on the developed system.
Acute Type A Aortic Dissection and Successful Surgical Repair in a Woman at 21 Weeks Gestational Pregnancy With Maternal and Fetal Survival: A Case Report.

Type A aortic dissection during pregnancy is a rare, catastrophic event that is associated with high maternal and fetal mortality. We report the successful management of acute type A aortic dissection in a woman at 21 weeks gestation. The patient underwent aortic valve and aortic root replacement utilizing deep hypothermic circulatory arrest complicated by the need for coronary artery bypass grafting due to a kinked/thrombosed right coronary artery. The patient’s postoperative recovery and remaining gestation were otherwise uncomplicated, and included a vaginal delivery of a healthy baby at 39 weeks gestation.
Moral Dilemmas of Nursing in End-of-Life Care in Hungary: a personal perspective

The authors’ aim is to bring to the attention of readers the inadequacies of care for people in Hungary who are terminally ill. They believe that both objective and subjective factors cause these inadequacies. Most of these factors arise from moral dilemmas that could be eased or even solved if ethics education had a much more prominent place in the nursing curriculum. Even if nurses would not become automatically better persons morally, a much wider knowledge of medical/nursing ethics could significantly improve nursing care both before and at the end of life. Although the article is also critical of the nursing care provided, it is not its purpose to make any generalizations. The study utilized selected passages from essays written by 76 practicing nurses on their personal experience of ethical dilemmas in their work environment, and a questionnaire administered to 250 students (registered nurses and health care students) studying for a college degree. This article is written by two authors who have formed an unusal alliance: a registered nurse with 29 years’ experience of bedside nursing, but who is currently a teacher of nursing ethics at a local health college, and a lawyer turned bioethicist.
Strategies for the prevention of atopic asthma

It is very tempting to regard asthma as a single disease and much medical teaching has tried to dissuade the student or newly qualified physician using such terms as teething or wheezing bronchitis to describe recurring episodes of wheeze in young children. The suggestion was made that management would be improved if doctors grasped the diagnostic nettle and called recurrent wheeze “asthma”. This would lead to improved therapeutic regimens. The fallacy in this argument is that asthma is not a disease like measles that can be explained in terms of a single aetiology, symptomatology and outcome. Recent work from Silverman in London (1) and Martinez from the Tucson Children’s Respiratory Study (2) among others emphasise that there are at least two groups of children who may be diagnosed as asthmatic but who differ quite substantially in the pathogenesis of their symptoms (Table 1). Thus, the pathogenesis of asthma may conceal a number of quite different factors including the relatively undeveloped lung of the immature infant, the possibly damaging effects of long-term ventilation or oxygen therapy, the induction of chronic bronchial hyperreactivity by infection, the damaging effect of environmental pollutants (particularly tobacco smoke), as well as the problems caused in the genetically vulnerable by allergen exposure. It is important to target the at-risk group appropriately. Although it may be reasonable to advocate minimal exposure to passive smoking for all infants, it cannot be justified to suggest expensive environmental changes to minimise antigen sensitization if the infant is not at enhanced risk of atopic disease. The important studies from the Tucson group confirmed a generally benign course for those who wheezed in the first three years of life (2). Almost 60% had ceased wheezing by 6 years, although it was still possible to demonstrate that they had reduced respiratory function as measured by v,,,FRC. D. W. Hidet
The Effects of Progress Cues, Color, and Gender on Online Wait

As online wait has become pervasive and its negative impacts on online users’ perception and behaviors were well recognized, a waiting screen is suggested as one of the proactive mechanisms to manage this concern. However, to date only a few studies have investigated how to develop an effective waiting screen. In addition, despite the presence of significant gender differences in traditional wait, a lack of studies of this aspect has been acknowledged in online wait context. This study proposes a research model of online wait management based on the theories of time perception and cognitive absorption theory to test the effects of waiting interfaces by manipulating the types of a progress cue and a background color on waiting time perception and gender in a simulated online context. Controlled experiments with the ANOVA and MANOVA tests will be conducted.
Willingness to Accept and Purchase Modified Rice with High Folate Content

Neural-Tube Defects, the most common congenital mal formation, is closely related to low maternal folat e intake. As the Chinese Shanxi Province has one of t he highest prevalence rates of Neural-Tube Defects, folate fortification of rice is an excellent alternative t o low intake of folate acid pills. This paper analyses the relations between socio-dem ographic indicators, knowledge, consumer perception s, willingness-to-accept and willingness-to-pay geneti cally modified rice in Shanxi Province. Using standardised questionnaires the survey compro ises 944 interviews with Shanxi rice consumers. Multivariate analyses consist of multinomial logist ic regression, multiple regression and cluster anal ysis. The results indicate that consumers generally are willi ng to accept GM rice, with an acceptance rate of 62 ,2 %. Acceptance is influenced by objective knowledge and consumer’ perceptions on benefits and risks, while willingness-to-pay GM rice is determined by objecti ve knowledge, risk perception and acceptance. Cluster analysis reveals a three cluster segmentati o into three clusters: enthusiasts (14,2 %), oppon ents (44,6 %) and cautious (41,2 %). The enthusiasts are characte rized by significantly more objective knowledge and a more positive perception towards safety, benefits and ri sks. The opponents have lower objective knowledge a nd less positive safety and risk perceptions, while cautiou s consumers perceive benefits and price impact more negative. Significantly more enthusiasts accept GM rice and a re more willing to pay for it than opponents. The c autious are significantly more indifferent and have an inte rm diate position about purchase intention. Communication towards the use of GM rice should tar get mainly on improving knowledge and consumers’ perceptions, and in particular towards the opponent s.
High-performance fully depleted silicon nanowire (diameter /spl les/ 5 nm) gate-all-around CMOS devices

This paper demonstrates gate-all-around (GAA) n- and p-FETs on a silicon-on-insulator with /spl les/ 5-nm-diameter laterally formed Si nanowire channel. Alternating phase shift mask lithography and self-limiting oxidation techniques were utilized to form 140- to 1000-nm-long nanowires, followed by FET fabrication. The devices exhibit excellent electrostatic control, e.g., near ideal subthreshold slope (/spl sim/ 63 mV/dec), low drain-induced barrier lowering (/spl sim/ 10 mV/V), and with I/sub ON//I/sub OFF/ ratio of /spl sim/10/sup 6/. High drive currents of /spl sim/ 1.5 and /spl sim/1.0 mA//spl mu/m were achieved for 180-nm-long nand p-FETs, respectively. It is verified that the threshold voltage of GAA FETs is independent of substrate bias due to the complete electrostatic shielding of the channel body.
Variation in Prevalence, Diagnostic Criteria, and Initial Management Options for Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Diseases in the United States

Objectives: Variation in the prevalence of eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases in different geographical regions has not been extensively studied. The aim of the present study was to define the regional and national prevalence of eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases, and differences in practice approaches. Patients and Methods: We administered a survey electronically to members of the American College of Gastroenterology, the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, and the North American Society Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition. Questions pertained to the number and proportion of patients seen with eosinophilic gastroenteritis or colitis and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), and methods used to diagnose and treat these conditions. Results: A total of 1836 physicians responded from 10,874 requests (17% response). Extrapolating responses from our US sample, we estimated an overall prevalence of 52 and 28/100,000 for EoE and eosinophilic gastroenteritis or colitis. The patient burden of EoE is higher in urban (0.58) and suburban (0.44) compared with rural settings (0.36, P < 0.0065), observations consistent with other allergic disorders. There was also increased prevalence in northeast region when calculated by prevalence per 100,000. There was considerable variability in criteria and initial treatment options used to diagnose EoE. Only one-third of respondents reported using diagnostic criteria proposed in a 2007 consensus document. Seventy-one and 35% of respondents reported treating some patients with EoE with a food elimination or elemental diet, respectively. Conclusions: EoE is diagnosed more often in northeastern states and urban areas. There is considerable variability in diagnostic criteria and initial treatment approach supporting the need for additional clinical trials and consensus development.
Relations between work value, work stress and employee performance: Moderating effect of perceived organizational support

In this study, we surveyed 505 employees and their immediate supervisor, and try to investigate the relations between work value, work stress, job performance and perceived organizational support. Through statistical analysis, we find that work stress has a mediating effect between work values and employee performance; perceived organizational support is a moderator between growth value and work stress, which will strengthen the relations between security value and work stress. While the moderating effect of perceived organizational support between security value and work stress is not proved.
Effective chemotherapy for advanced CNS embryonal tumors in adults.

PURPOSE Embryonal tumors of the CNS include, among others, medulloblastoma, cerebral neuroblastoma, pineoblastoma, and primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs). Almost all data on the treatment of embryonal CNS tumors are derived from the pediatric population, since these tumors are uncommon in adulthood. The purpose of this study was to examine the rate and duration of response to chemotherapy of advanced embryonal CNS tumors in adults. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively studied all adult (> 18 years of age) patients with advanced embryonal tumors of the CNS who received chemotherapy at our institution between 1976 and 1994. Seventeen consecutive patients were treated with regimens that contained either nitrosourea or cisplatin or both sequentially, with no patients having received the combination of nitrosourea and cisplatin concurrently. RESULTS In patients who received cisplatin-based chemotherapy, responses were observed in 84.5% (26% complete response [CR] rate), 10.5% remained stable, and 5% progressed. The median time to progression was 18 months for patients who had a CR, 6 months for those with partial response (PR), and 10 months for stable patients. Among patients who received nitrosourea-based chemotherapy, PR was observed in 27%, 36.5% remained stable, and 36.5% progress. The median time to progression was 6 months for patients who had a PR and 6.5 months for stable patients. CONCLUSION In adults with advanced embryonal CNS tumors, conventional-dose intravenous cisplatin-based chemotherapy regimens are able to produce responses in the majority of the patients (84.5%), even as second- or third-line regimens. Nitrosourea-based regimens less frequently produce responses (27%).
Aerobic Anoxygenic Photosynthesis in Roseobacter Clade Bacteria from Diverse Marine Habitats

ABSTRACT The marine Roseobacter clade comprises several genera of marine bacteria related to the uncultured SAR83 cluster, the second most abundant marine picoplankton lineage. Cultivated representatives of this clade are physiologically heterogeneous, and only some have the capability for aerobic anoxygenic photosynthesis, a process of potentially great ecological importance in the world's oceans. In an attempt to correlate phylogeny with ecology, we investigated the diversity of Roseobacter clade strains from various marine habitats (water samples, biofilms, laminariae, diatoms, and dinoflagellate cultures) by using the 16S rRNA gene as a phylogenetic marker gene. The potential for aerobic anoxygenic photosynthesis was determined on the genetic level by PCR amplification and sequencing of the pufLM genes of the bacterial photosynthesis reaction center and on the physiological level by detection of bacteriochlorophyll (Bchl) a. A collection of ca. 1,000 marine isolates was screened for members of the marine Roseobacter clade by 16S rRNA gene-directed multiplex PCR and sequencing. The 42 Roseobacter clade isolates found tended to form habitat-specific subclusters. The pufLM genes were detected in two groups of strains from dinoflagellate cultures but in none of the other Roseobacter clade isolates. Strains within the first group (the DFL-12 cluster) also synthesized Bchl a. Strains within the second group (the DFL-35 cluster) formed a new species of Roseovarius and did not produce Bchl a under the conditions investigated here, thus demonstrating the importance of genetic methods for screening of cultivation-dependent metabolic traits. The pufL genes of the dinoflagellate isolates were phylogenetically closely related to pufL genes from Betaproteobacteria, confirming similar previous observations which have been interpreted as indications of gene transfer events.
Analysis of a surface-plasmon waveguide by the imaginary-distance propagation method

To decrease the calculation time in the analysis of terahertz surface-plasmon waveguides, the imaginary-distance propagation method was applied for the first time. It is shown that the electric-field profile of the single-plasmon waveguide mode depends on the doping concentration of the bottom contact layer and the substrate material.
ALLELE FREQUENCIES OF HIGHLY POLYMORPHIC LOCUS D 8 S 1132 IN A POPULATION SAMPLE FROM NORTH POLAND

This paper presents the alleles frequency distribution for the D8S1132 locus in a population sample of 158 unrelated individuals of both sexes living in north Poland. PCR products were identified on a horizontal polyacrylamide gel stained with silver. The presence of the D8S1132*15 allele, which had not been observed till now, was ascertained using capillary electrophoresis on an ABI310 DNA sequencer. In the analysed population sample, the presence of 10 D8S1132 alleles was observed. Owing to the very high discrimination power (0.9622) of the analysed locus, it is highly useful for forensic identification purposes.
COMPARISON OF FOVEAL THICKNESS MEASURED WITH THE RETINAL THICKNESS ANALYZER AND OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY

Purpose To assess and compare the reliability and reproducibility of retinal thickness measurements for the retinal thickness analyzer (RTA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in normal and edematous retina. Methods The authors measured the foveal thickness of 21 normal eyes and 9 eyes with macular edema with both methods in random order. With the RTA, the fovea was measured 10 times; with the OCT, six scans (one horizontal and five vertical cross-sections) of the fovea were obtained. Results Mean foveal thickness of normal eyes measured 153 &mgr;m with OCT and 181 &mgr;m with RTA (median for both methods 150 &mgr;m). Coefficients of variation (CV) within the same subjects were 10% (OCT) and 9% (RTA) reducing to 9% (OCT) and 7% (RTA) when scans were repeated only five times for both methods. The RTA, however, yielded an interpatient CV of 33% (OCT 17%), which was caused by several falsely high readings in normal individuals. In eyes with retinal thickening the OCT measured a mean of 324 &mgr;m with 15% intra- and 58% interpatient CV. The RTA yielded a mean of 403 &mgr;m with CV of 18% and 73%, respectively. Conclusion Both methods yield reproducible measurements of foveal thickness in normal individuals and individuals with macular edema. However, falsely high measurements may occur with the RTA, reducing its reliability as compared to the OCT.
Gene Expression Profiles of Serous, Endometrioid, and Clear Cell Subtypes of Ovarian and Endometrial Cancer

Purpose: The presence of similar histologic subtypes of epithelial ovarian and endometrial cancers has long been noted, although the relevance of this finding to pathogenesis and clinical management is unclear. Despite similar clinical characteristics, histologic subtypes of cancers of the ovary and endometrium are treated according to organ of origin. This study compares the gene expression profiles of analogous histologic subtypes of cancers of the ovary and endometrium using the same genomic platform to determine the similarities and differences between these tumors. Experimental Design: Gene expression profiles of 75 cancers (endometrioid, serous, and clear cell) of the ovary and endometrium, five renal clear cell cancers, and seven normal epithelial brushings were determined using a 11,000-element cDNA array. All images were analyzed using BRB ArrayTools. Validation was done using real-time PCR on select genes and immunohistochemical staining. Results: Comparison across endometrial and ovarian cancers and serous and endometrioid tumors showed expression patterns reflecting their organ of origin. Clear cell tumors, however, showed remarkably similar expression patterns regardless of their origin, even when compared with renal clear cell samples. A set of 43 genes was common to comparisons of each of the three histologic subtypes of ovarian cancer with normal ovarian surface epithelium. Conclusions: The comparison of the gene expression profiles of endometrioid and serous subtypes of ovarian and endometrial cancer are largely unique to the combination of a particular subtype in a specific organ. In contrast, clear cell cancers show a remarkable similarity in gene expression profiles across organs (including kidney) and could not be statistically distinguished.
Prevalence at Birth of Cleft Lip with or without Cleft Palate: Data from the International Perinatal Database of Typical Oral Clefts (IPDTOC)

As part of a collaborative project on the epidemiology of craniofacial anomalies, funded by the National Institutes for Dental and Craniofacial Research and channeled through the Human Genetics Programme of the World Health Organization, the International Perinatal Database of Typical Orofacial Clefts (IPDTOC) was established in 2003. IPDTOC is collecting case-by-case information on cleft lip with or without cleft palate and on cleft palate alone from birth defects registries contributing to at least one of three collaborative organizations: European Surveillance Systems of Congenital Anomalies (EUROCAT) in Europe, National Birth Defects Prevention Network (NBDPN) in the United States, and International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research (ICBDSR) worldwide. Analysis of the collected information is performed centrally at the ICBDSR Centre in Rome, Italy, to maximize the comparability of results. The present paper, the first of a series, reports data on the prevalence of cleft lip with or without cleft palate from 54 registries in 30 countries over at least 1 complete year during the period 2000 to 2005. Thus, the denominator comprises more than 7.5 million births. A total of 7704 cases of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (7141 livebirths, 237 stillbirths, 301 terminations of pregnancy, and 25 with pregnancy outcome unknown) were available. The overall prevalence of cleft lip with or without cleft palate was 9.92 per 10,000. The prevalence of cleft lip was 3.28 per 10,000, and that of cleft lip and palate was 6.64 per 10,000. There were 5918 cases (76.8%) that were isolated, 1224 (15.9%) had malformations in other systems, and 562 (7.3%) occurred as part of recognized syndromes. Cases with greater dysmorphological severity of cleft lip with or without cleft palate were more likely to include malformations of other systems.