Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
hysiology xploring emergent properties in cellular homeostasis using OnGuard o model K + and other ion transport in guard cells

It is widely recognized that the nature and characteristics of transport across eukaryotic membranes are so complex as to defy intuitive understanding. In these circumstances, quantitative mathematical modeling is an essential tool, both to integrate detailed knowledge of individual transporters and to extract the properties emergent from their interactions. As the first, fully integrated and quantitative modeling environment for the study of ion transport dynamics in a plant cell, OnGuard offers a unique tool for exploring homeostatic properties emerging from the interactions of ion transport, both at the plasma membrane and tonoplast in the guard cell. OnGuard has already yielded detail sufficient to guide phenotypic and mutational studies, and it represents a key step toward ‘reverse engineering’ of stomatal guard cell physiology, based on rational design and testing in simulation, to improve water use efficiency and carbon assimilation. Its construction from the HoTSig libraries enables translation of the software ytosolic and vacuolar to other cell types, including growing root hairs and pollen. The problems inherent to transport are nonetheless challenging, and are compounded for those unfamiliar with conceptual ‘mindset’ of the modeler. Here we set out guidelines for the use of OnGuard and outline a standardized approach that will enable users to advance quickly to its application both in the classroom and laboratory. We also highlight the uncanny and emergent property of OnGuard models to reproduce the ‘communication’ ma m evident between the plas
Examining physical training versus physical and mental training programmes in Swimrun semi-professional athletes: A randomised, controlled, trial

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of two psychological interventions, named ‘Mental imagery’ and ‘Motivational self-talk’ training used in combination, on perceived excertion and flow state in a sample of Swimrun semi-professional athletes. Methods: Thirty male semi-professional athletes, enrolled for a Swimrun competition, were randomly selected into an experimental group (EXP) and a control group (CON). The modified Borg Scale of Perceived Exertion (RPE) and the Flow State Scale (FSS) were the dependent variables. Before a Swimrun competition, the EXP Group performed both physical and mental training programs, while the CON group only performed a physical training program. Immediately after the race, we measured the dependent variables in both groups. Results: The results of unpaired-t test showed that levels of perceived exertion were less in EXP group than CON group, (t(28) = 12.87, P < . 001), while levels of flow state were higher in EXP group than CON group (t(28) = 5.96, P < . 001), immediately after the end of the endurance competition. The use of both mental imagery and self-talk training in order to reduce perceived exertion and improve flow state was supported (P < .001). Discussion and Conclusion: The findings of this study support the psychobiological model of endurance performance. Our research is the first to demonstrate that mental imagery used in combination with motivational self-talk can reduce the perceived exertion and improve the flow state in Swimrun athletes during their endurance performance. Giuseppe Ferrari1, Francesco Chirico2 , Giuseppina Rasà1
Selektivní katetrizační ablace fibrilace síní: potenciální komplikace výkonu a možnosti jejich prevence

Selektivni katetrizacni ablace fibrilace sini je moderni lecebna metoda, ktera ucinně brani recidivam fibrilace sini. Tento výkon je vsak spojen s řadou potencialně zavažných komplikaci, z nichž některe jsou specificke pouze pro tento typ ablace. Nas přehled uvadi výcet nejdůležitějsich komplikaci selektivni ablace fibrilace sini, možnosti jejich diagnostiky, prevence a lecby. Mezi nejzavažnějsi komplikace patři: srdecni tamponada, hemotorax, embolicke komplikace, stenoza plicnich žil, atrio-ezofagealni pistěl, pareza n. frenikus a vznik pravidelných siňových tachykardii po ablaci. V prevenci vzniku těchto komplikaci hraji zasadni roli zkusenosti s provaděnim těchto výkonů a použiti modernich zobrazovacich a mapovacich systemů.
fast multicolor 3 d imaging using aberration-corrected multifocus microscopy

60 | VOL.10 NO.1 | JANUARY 2013 | nature methods fluorescence microscopy using beam splitters to image up to four focal planes on separate cameras3. This method provides excellent light efficiency and a large lateral field of view corresponding to the entire surface area of the camera chip. However, refocusing by translating the camera away from the nominal focal plane induces spherical aberration after a refocus of a few microns2. It should also be noted that in the current configuration, this approach requires one camera per focal plane. Here we report an aberration-corrected multifocus microscopy (MFM) method, which produces an instant focal stack of highresolution 2D images simultaneously displayed on a single camera (Fig. 1a–c). It is based on the use of a diffractive grating to form multiple focus-shifted images4,5 and on aberration-free refocusing2. Our system was designed with the following considerations: (i) sensitivity must be optimized to minimize photobleaching and phototoxicity and to enable high-speed imaging of weakly fluorescent samples such as single fluorophores; (ii) multiple focal planes must be acquired without aberrations, especially the dominating depth-induced spherical aberration, to avoid loss in resolution and contrast; (iii) the system must be corrected for the chromatic dispersion that arises when a diffractive element is used to image non-monochromatic light. Our multifocus microscope consists of three specially designed optical elements (Fig. 1d) appended to the camera port of a standard, high-resolution epifluorescence microscope. Two relay lenses are also used, to form a secondary pupil plane (Fourier plane) and the final image plane (Fig. 1a). The diffractive multifocus grating (MFG) is placed in the Fourier plane to form the multifocus image, and it is followed by the chromatic correction grating (CCG) and prism. The MFG performs two distinct functions. First, it splits the fluorescence light emitted from the sample into separate paths, thus forming an array of N × N images of the sample on the camera. Each image corresponds to a 2D diffractive order (mx, my) of the grating. Here we describe an MFG with nine focal planes, which are formed by the central 3 × 3 diffractive orders mx, my = 0, ±1. To minimize light loss, we use a phase-only grating of fused silica, with a grating function (Fig. 1d) designed to distribute the sample emission light evenly and efficiently among the nine focal planes. At the design wavelength (515 nm), the measured efficiency of our MFG (custom made by Creative Microsystems) is ~65% with even distribution between images, as illustrated in Supplementary Figure 1. This is close fast multicolor 3d imaging using aberration-corrected multifocus microscopy
Children with word finding difficulties: Continuities and profiles of abilities

Word finding difficulties (WFDs) occur in more than a quarter of children who are receiving speech and language therapy. This study provides the first investigation of the continuity in WFDs and investigates whether WFDs are associated with phonological or semantically related abilities. Thirty-eight children with WFDs were seen at age 7;0 and at 9;8. Standardized assessments of word finding, language and literacy were administered. The children’s WFDs and other language abilities showed high levels of stability. Despite their WFDs, many children had standardized scores of phonological awareness, decoding and spelling in the typical range. In contrast, semantic fluency was particularly impaired, and WFDs were a significant predictor of reading comprehension. Cluster analysis indicated that there was one group of children with a profile similar to ‘poor comprehenders’ and a second with depressed language scores indicative of specific language impairment. The relevance of these findings to understanding the causes of WFDs is discussed.
Under-Achievement and the Glass Ceiling: Evidence from a TV Game Show

We use a Colombian TV game show to test gender differences in competitive behavior where there is no opportunity for discrimination and females face no genderspecific external constraints. Each game started with six contestants who had to answer general knowledge questions in private. There were five rounds of questions and, at the end of each, one participant was eliminated. Despite equality in starting numbers, women earn less than men and exit the game at a faster rate. In particular, there are more voluntary withdrawals by women than men. We draw an analogy between the game and the process by which employees rise through the levels of a corporation. As such, we note that “glass ceilings” may result, in part, from women’s own behavior and this raises the issue of how women are socialized to behave. At the same time, our results illustrate that maintaining and promoting gender diversity at the lower/middle ranks of organizations is necessary to obtain gender diversity at the top.
Testing for Linear Autoregressive Dynamics under Heteroskedasticity

A puzzling characteristic of asset returns for various frequencies is the often observed positive autocorrelation at lag one. To some extent this can be explained by standard asset pricing models when assuming time-varying risk premia. However, one often finds better results when directly fitting an autoregressive model, for which there is little economic foundation. One may ask whether the underlying process does in fact contain an autoregressive component. It is therefore of interest to have a statistical test at hand that performs well under the stylized facts of financial returns. In this paper, we investigate empirical properties of competing devices to test for autoregressive dynamics in case of heteroskedastic errors. For the volatility process we assume GARCH, TGARCH and stochastic volatility. The results indicate that standard quasi-maximum-likelihood inference for the autoregressive parameter is negatively affected by misspecification of the volatility process. We show that bootstrapped versions of least-squares-based statistics have better empirical size and comparable power properties. Applied to German stock return data, the alternative tests yield very different p-values for a considerable number of stock return processes.
ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON REGIONAL DEEP-SEA SPECIES DIVERSITY

Most of our knowledge of biodiversity and its causes in the deep-sea benthos derives from regional-scale sampling studies of the macrofauna. Improved sampling methods and the expansion of investigations into a wide variety of habitats have revolutionized our understanding of the deep sea. Local species diversity shows clear geographic variation on spatial scales of 100-1000 km. Recent sampling programs have revealed unexpected complexity in community structure at the landscape level that is associated with large-scale oceanographic processes and their environmental consequences. We review the relationships between variation in local species diversity and the regional-scale phenomena of boundary constraints, gradients of productivity, sediment heterogeneity, oxygen availability, hydrodynamic regimes, and catastrophic physical disturbance. We present a conceptual model of how these interdependent environmental factors shape regional-scale variation in local diversity. Local communities in the deep sea may be composed of species that exist as metapopulations whose regional distribution depends on a balance among global-scale, landscape-scale, and small-scale dynamics. Environmental gradients may form geographic patterns of diversity by influencing local processes such as predation, resource partitioning, competitive exclusion, and facilitation that determine species coexistence. The measurement of deep-sea species diversity remains a vital issue in comparing geographic patterns and evaluating their potential causes. Recent assessments of diversity using species accumulation curves with randomly pooled samples confirm the often-disputed claim that the deep sea supports higher diversity than the continental shelf. However, more intensive quantitative sampling is required to fully characterize the diversity of deep-sea sediments, the most extensive habitat on Earth. Once considered to be constant, spatially uniform, and isolated, deep-sea sediments are now recognized as a dynamic, richly textured environment that is inextricably linked to the global biosphere. Regional studies of the last two decades provide the empirical background necessary to formulate and test specific hypotheses of causality by controlled sampling designs and experimental approaches.
A MULTI-COLOR OPTICAL SURVEY OF THE ORION NEBULA CLUSTER. II. THE H-R DIAGRAM

We present a new analysis of the stellar population of the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC) based on multi-band optical photometry and spectroscopy. We study the color–color diagrams in BVI, plus a narrowband filter centered at 6200 Å, finding evidence that intrinsic color scales valid for main-sequence dwarfs are incompatible with the ONC in the M spectral-type range, while a better agreement is found employing intrinsic colors derived from synthetic photometry, constraining the surface gravity value as predicted by a pre-main-sequence isochrone. We refine these model colors even further, empirically, by comparison with a selected sample of ONC stars with no accretion and no extinction. We consider the stars with known spectral types from the literature, and extend this sample with the addition of 65 newly classified stars from slit spectroscopy and 182 M-type from narrowband photometry; in this way, we isolate a sample of about 1000 stars with known spectral type. We introduce a new method to self-consistently derive the stellar reddening and the optical excess due to accretion from the location of each star in the BVI color–color diagram. This enables us to accurately determine the extinction of the ONC members, together with an estimate of their accretion luminosities. We adopt a lower distance for the Orion Nebula than previously assumed, based on recent parallax measurements. With a careful choice of also the spectral-type–temperature transformation, we produce the new Hertzsprung–Russell diagram of the ONC population, more populated than previous works. With respect to previous works, we find higher luminosity for late-type stars and a slightly lower luminosity for early types. We determine the age distribution of the population, peaking from ∼2 to ∼3 Myr depending on the model. We study the distribution of the members in the mass–age plane and find that taking into account selection effects due to incompleteness, removes an apparent correlation between mass and age. We derive the initial mass function for low- and intermediate-mass members of the ONC, which turns out to be model dependent and shows a turnover at M ≲ 0.2 M☉.
Antioksidan Alami & Radikal Bebas

Radikal bebas merupakan pemicu sebagian penyakit, senyawa ini sangat reaktif menyerang molekul - molekul tubuh yang berada di sekitarnya. Untuk mengatasinya tubuh sangat memerlukan substansi yang bersifat antioksidan dalam jumlah memadai. Oleh sebab itu dalam buku ini beberapa hal tentang ; radikal bebas dan anti oksidan, pembentukan senyawa oksigen reaktif san radikal bebas, bentuk produk oksidan dan sebaginya
What is good evidence for policy

EBM is seen to increase objectivity, transparency, and certainty of clinical practise. Since these are also goals espoused for policymaking, it is unsurprising that the logic of EBM – including the use of evidence hierarchies has featured prominently in current discussions on the use of evidence in policymaking. Hierarchies of evidence typically place methodologies such as randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or meta-analyses of RCTs at the ‘top’, often referring to them as the ‘gold standard’ of evidence. However, such hierarchies were principally designed to judge evidence of intervention effect, not necessarily to reflect on policy relevance or importance(1) (see also Brief 2).
Complementary-multiphase quantum search for all numbers of target items

Grover's algorithm achieves a quadratic speedup over classical algorithms, but it is considered necessary to know the value of $\lambda$ exactly [Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 150501 (2005); Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 210501 (2014)], where $\lambda$ is the fraction of target items in the database. In this paper, we find out that the Grover algorithm can actually apply to the case where one can identify the range that $\lambda$ belongs to from a given series of disjoint ranges. However, Grover's algorithm still cannot maintain high success probability when there exist multiple target items. For this problem, we proposed a complementary-multiphase quantum search algorithm, %with general iterations, in which multiple phases complement each other so that the overall high success probability can be maintained. Compared to the existing algorithms, in the case defined above, for the first time our algorithm achieves the following three goals simultaneously: (1) the success probability can be no less than any given value between 0 and 1, (2) the algorithm is applicable to the entire range of $\lambda$, and (3) the number of iterations is almost the same as that of Grover's algorithm. Especially compared to the optimal fixed-point algorithm [Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 210501 (2014)], our algorithm uses fewer iterations to achieve success probability greater than 82.71\%, e.g., when the minimum success probability is required to be 99.25\%, the number of iterations can be reduced by 50\%.
Effects of an External Mentoring Program in a Department of Mathematics

In this case study we describe the historical representation of women in the Department of Mathematics at West Virginia University (WVU) and an external mentoring program that has allowed some of these women to achieve individual professional goals and build long-term collaborations supporting their overall success as faculty members. We describe the University-wide program as well as its specific implications in mathematics and how some of the colleges within WVU have institutionalized the program for all incoming faculty members. While faculty from 16 departments were eligible to participate in the program we focus on the impact of the program on the Department of Mathematics so we can look at its history and the large impact the program has made on this department. We end with some recommendations about the limitations of the institutionalized version of the program.
Legal Corruption

We challenge the conventional definition of corruption through the analysis of legal forms of corruption, and by devoting special attention to influence induced by the private sector. This paper studies the determinants of the world pattern of legal and illegal corruption by proposing a simple theoretical model of endogenous corruption and related legal framework, and its thorough empirical test. Three types of equilibrium outcomes are identified: one based on illegal corruption, where the elite does not face any binding incentives to limit corruption; one centered around legal corruption, where the elite must incur a cost to legally protect corruption; and finally a no‐corruption outcome, where the population is able to effectively react to corruption. Testable implications from the model are derived based on country‐wide parameters. Crucially, we use a rich corporate survey, including 8,279 firms in 104 countries, tailored for this research, and featuring measures of legal corruption that are novel to the literature. The microdimension of the database enables improving on familiar shortcomings associated with the use of endogeneity‐prone, country‐wide indices of perceived corruption. The empirical results, making use of a broad range of proxies and sources, generally validate the model's explanations.
The Predictors of No-Reflow Phenomenon after Primary Angioplasty for Acute Myocardial Infarction

Background: No-reflow phenomenon is a serious complication of primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI), which may increase the risk of progressive myocardial damage, profound left ventricular dysfunction, and death. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the incidence of no-reflow phenomenon and its clinical, para-clinical, and angiographic determinants in patients who underwent primary PCI for ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI). Patients and Methods: This non-randomized prospective cohort study was conducted on 397 patients in a cardiovascular tertiary care center in Tehran, Iran from April 2012 to April 2014. The inclusion criteria of the study were presenting with acute STEMI of ≤ 12 h duration or having admitted between 12 and 24 hours after onset with symptoms and signs of ongoing ischemia. The participants underwent standard coronary angiography. No-reflow phenomenon was defined as a Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow ≤ 2 and no presence of spasm, distal embolization, or dissection after completion of the procedure. The association between no-reflow and its determinants was assessed by chi-square, student’s t-test, or Mann–Whitney U test. Logistic regression models were also used for multivariate analysis. P values < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Results: The participants’ mean (SD) age was of 59 (12.2) years and female/male ratio was 83/314. The incidence of no-reflow phenomenon was 63 (15.9%). Besides, the results of multivariate analysis showed that only thrombus burden, lesion length, time to reperfusion, and type of occlusion had an adjusted association with this phenomenon. Conclusions: The study results suggested that no-reflow phenomenon after primary PCI would be predictable. Thus, preventive measures, such as using distal protective devices or administration of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists, are advised to be used in