Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A portable polyanatomic optico-impedance system for early warning of systemic disease: evaluation in occult hemorrhage

Accurate and reliable non-invasive monitoring of early systemic disease—such as ongoing hemorrhage, sepsis, and acute respiratory disease like COVID-19—is one of the largest unmet needs in biomedicine. An early alert to progression with high sensitivity and an acceptable false-positive rate would allow medical staff to risk-stratify patients, saving resources, lives, and in the context of pandemic disease, minimize staff exposure. Noninvasive technologies have thus far failed to produce a reliable early detection system, reflecting the limitation of uniplex approaches to describe complex pathophysiology. Our team, in collaboration with an STTR start-up, have developed an optico-impedance system combining near-infrared spectroscopy and electrical impedance tomography measured at three locations (thorax, abdomen, limb) together with machine learning methods to provide exceptional diagnostic performance in systemic disease. The optical portion consists of 6 pairs of time-multiplexed red and IR LEDs embedded in custom 3D-printed probes, which are each connected to the leg of a trifurcated fiber bundle, allowing measurement of three-location, two-distance broadband 550-950 nm spectra using a single commercial spectrometer. Data is demultiplexed and analyzed using derivative spectroscopy to quantify oxy/deoxyhemoglobin. Additional diagnostic signal was obtained from: impedance tomography and spectroscopy, ECG and plethysmography. In one of the largest porcine hemorrhage studies to date (n = 60), we demonstrate an 85% accuracy to detect a 2-3% blood volume loss. Preliminary results from 11 healthy human subjects undergoing lower body negative pressure (LBNP) challenge show a 95% accuracy in detecting 15-mmHg changes in pressure—an excellent surrogate for occult hemorrhage. Our system fills a critical need, including in the current pandemic, where clinicians struggle to predict which patients will deteriorate.
Fabrication of heat-induced long-period gratings for mode conversion in few-mode fibers

We present recent progress on fabrication of heat induced long period gratings (LPGs) in few mode fibers for stable mode conversion between the fundamental mode LP01 to asymmetric and symmetric modes, such as LP11 and LP02. A simple, effective, and low-cost method is demonstrated for fabricating heat induced LPGs, as an alternative method compared to more complicated approaches that require UV lasers and hydrogen loading or CO2 lasers. The LPGs are written point-by-point by periodically translating and heating the fiber. The heating filament is realized by conducting electrical current through an omega shaped 0.25 mm electrical platinum wire that enclose the fiber. We expect that the physical mechanisms for the refractive index change are caused by a combination of residual stress relaxation and tapering of the fiber. A grating period down to 622 μm for coupling between the LP01 and LP02 is demonstrated, however, we believe grating periods of a few hundreds of microns are feasible.
A novel Ship detection method from SAR image with reduced false alarm

Many research works using deep learning techniques for automatic ship detection from SAR images have good detection accuracy. But the main problem in these methods is false detection, mostly due to speckle presence. Therefore, we propose a new deep learning model with a novel preprocessing stage to address this problem. We are introducing a deep learning architecture to detect and localize ships in the SAR image. First, generate a three-channel image from gray-scale SAR image. Then, this image is used to train the model to predict the ship’s position in the SAR image. We experimented on the public SAR ship detection dataset (SSDD) and Dataset of Ship Detection for Deep Learning under Complex Backgrounds (SDCD) to validate the proposed method’s feasibility. We used python 3.5 for coding with the Keras framework in the NVIDIA Tesla K80 GPU hardware platform. The experimental results indicated that our proposed method’s ship detection accuracy has increased with reduced false detection percentage.
Investigating junior high school students’ perception of global warming topic using semantic network analysis

Understanding how students perceive global warming concept is important for their metacognition. A total of 241 junior high school students including all grades were involved in this research. With an open-ended question, this research identified students’ perception of global warming concept. Semantic network analysis was chosen as the method to determined and displayed students’ perception by checking the connection of the words used to response the open-ended question. After the process of analysis, there were there main statements from students to define global warming: (1) Increase of earth temperature, (2) depletion of ozone layer, and (3) greenhouse gas and human activities as the cause of global warming. The result of this research can be used to develop the teaching method which can motivate the students’ scientific thinking.
Fifty years of smelling sulfur: From the chemistry of garlic to the molecular basis for olfaction

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT ABSTRACT The striking difference in odor threshold of low molecular weight thiols compared to analogous alcohols has been investigated by isolation and study of human olfactory receptors responsive to these thiols. It has been discovered that human thiol receptor OR2T11 responds specifically to gas odorants ethanethiol and 2-methyl-2-propanethiol, as well as to related low molecular weight thiols, and requires ionic copper for its robust activation. When OR2T11 is screened against a series of alcohols, thiols, sulfides and metal-coordinating ligands, it responds, with enhancement by copper, to four-membered cyclic sulfide thietane, to one- to four-carbon straight-, branched-chain and five-carbon branched-chain thiols, and to the mouse semiochemical CH3SCH2SH and derivatives, but not to longer chain thiols, suggesting compact receptor dimensions. Alcohols and hydrogen sulfide are unreactive.
Perceptions of Hospitality and Safety Are Two Sides of the Same Coin

Entering a building is a ‘moment of truth’ and may invoke feelings of hospitableness. Physical environments and staff behaviour deliver ‘clues’ that may result in the experience of hospitality. The focus in a reception area may be on mitigation of risks, or on a hospitable atmosphere, with either a host or a security officer at the entrance. However, the division of tasks to either the pleasing host or the controlling security officer to a certain extent disavows the overlap between perceptions of hospitality and safety. This exploratory qualitative study combines a group interview with three managers responsible for hospitality and security in reception areas and Critical Incidents by staff and visitors (N = 51). Thematic coding was based on The Egg Aggregated Model and the Experience of Hospitality Scale. Results show that hospitality and safety are indeed two sides of the same coin. Usually people do accept security measures, provided that staff act in a hospitable way. A lack of security measures may seem ‘inviting’, but also decreases the perception of care for your visitor, and may cause uncertainty and therefore decrease comfort. A correct risk perception, flexible appliance of security measures, and a friendly approach connect aspects of ‘safe’ and ‘hospitable’ sentiments.
A Practical Approach of Image Categorization

In the previous few years, there has been first-rate boom in the utilization of digital images. Users can now get admission to thousands and thousands of photos, a reality that poses the want for having strategies that can efficaciously and successfully search the visible records of interest. Image categorization and awareness have lengthy been related in the imaginative and prescient literature & studied in Computer Vision with a massive wide variety of options have been proposed. We prolonged the single-image mannequin to strategy the extra difficult issues of simultaneous categorization and focus of a whole image collection, with restricted or no supervision. We determined that sharing data about the structure and look of a phase throughout a series of photos of objects belonging to the identical class can enhance performance.
Subdiurnal to Interannual Frequency Analysis of Observed and Modeled Reflected Shortwave Radiation From Earth

Estimates of global top‐of‐atmosphere radiation on monthly, seasonal, annual, and longer time‐scales require estimates of the diurnal variability in both insolation and surface and atmospheric reflection. We compare Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) and National Institute of Standards and Technology Advanced Radiometer (NISTAR) observations from the Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) satellite with Clouds and Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) hourly synoptic fluxes, which are diurnally filled through geostationary observations, and find that their power spectral density functions substantially agree, showing strong relative power at subdiurnal, diurnal, seasonal, and annual time‐scales, and power growing from diurnal to seasonal time‐scales. Frequency analysis of fluxes from several coupled model intercomparison project 5 model (CMIP5) and CMIP6 models shows that they distribute too much power over periods greater than 1 day but less than one year, indicating that a closer look is needed into how models achieve longer‐term stability in reflected shortwave radiation. Model developers can consider using these datasets for time‐varying energetic constraints, since tuning parameter choices will impact modeled planetary shortwave radiation across timescales ranging from subdiurnal to decadal.
Observation and modeling of a historic African dust intrusion into the
Caribbean Basin and the southern U.S. in June 2020

Abstract. This study characterizes a massive African dust intrusion into the Caribbean Basin and southern U.S. in June 2020, which is nicknamed the Godzilla dust plume, using a comprehensive set of satellite and ground-based observations (including MODIS, CALIOP, SEVIRI, AERONET, and EPA Air Quality network) and the NASA GEOS global aerosol transport model. The MODIS data record registered this massive dust intrusion event as the most intense episode over the past two decades. During this event, the aerosol optical depth observed by AERONET and MODIS peaked at 3.5 off the coast of West Africa and 1.8 in the Caribbean Basin. CALIOP observations show that the top of dust plume reached altitudes of 6–8 km in West Africa and descended to about 4 km altitude over the Caribbean Basin and 2 km over the U.S. Gulf coast. The dust plume degraded the air quality in Puerto Rico to the hazardous level, with maximum daily PM10 concentration of 453 μg m−3 recorded on June 23. The dust intrusion into the U.S. raised the PM2.5 concentration on June 27 to a level exceeding the EPA air quality standard in about 40 % of the stations in the southern U.S. Satellite observations reveal that dust emissions from convection-generated haboobs and other sources in West Africa were large albeit not extreme on a daily basis. However, the anomalous strength and northern shift of the North Atlantic Subtropical High (NASH) together with the Azores low formed a closed circulation pattern that allowed for accumulation of the dust near the African coast for about four days. When the NASH was weakened and wandered back to south, the dust outflow region was dominated by a strong African Easterly Jet that rapidly transported the accumulated dust from the coastal region toward the Caribbean Basin, resulting in the record-breaking African dust intrusion. In comparison to satellite observations, the GEOS model well reproduced the MODIS observed tracks of the meandering dust plume as it was carried by the wind systems. However, the model substantially underestimated dust emissions from haboobs and did not lift up enough dust to the middle troposphere for ensuing long-range transport. Consequently, the model largely missed the satellite-observed elevated dust plume along the cross-ocean track and underestimated the dust intrusion into the Caribbean Basin by a factor of more than 4. Modeling improvements need to focus on developing more realistic representations of moist convection, haboobs, and the vertical transport of dust.
Developing a novel biodegradable nanodrug platform for overcoming the challenges in treating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deep seated and aggressive tumour which resists most current therapeutics resulting in only 5% survival rate. Gemcitabine, although the first line of treatment still has limited therapeutic value due to severe side effects. New treatment modalities are urgently required which efficiently deliver drugs to the target tumour area without causing adverse off-target side effects. We aimed to combine two clinical treatments for cancer, chemotherapy and RadioDynamic Therapy (RDT), to overcome current treatment for PDAC. In this project, specially designed nanoparticles (NP) were utilised as nanodrug carriers. Our poly(lactic-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles were successfully loaded with both chemotherapeutic agent Gemcitabine and RDT agent Verteporfin. Addition surface conjugation with GE11 peptide allowed to precisely target Panc-1 cancer cell lines overexpressing EGFR receptors. Our results show PLGA was successfully fine-tuned with desirable physicochemical properties. Gemcitabine and Verteporfin were sufficiently loaded into the PLGA NP and surface conjugation with GE11 peptide was confirmed using absorbance spectroscopy. The resulting GE11-PLGA-VP-GEM NPs showed size 86.38±15 nm, polydispersity 0.57±0.1 and zeta potential measurements of -2.87±1 mV. Encapsulation efficiency (EE) was determined to be 20% for Verteporfin and 24% for Gemcitabine. This combination offers a multimodal treatment system whereby Gemcitabine is able to be effectively delivered to Panc-1 cells and, simultaneously, Verteporfin, induced by Xray radiation generates ROS to cause cell death. Cellular uptake studies were evaluated and the treatment of live Panc-1 cells with GE11-PLGA-VP-GEM NP induced cell death. Furthermore, Verteporfin, excited at clinically relevant X-ray dosages generated ROS.
Prediction of thermal conductivity and strategies for heat transport reduction in bismuth : an ab initio study .

This work is devoted to the theoretical investigation of the heat conduction in bulk bismuth and the possible strategies for its reduction. Thermal properties of Bi are extremely interesting because of its low thermal conductivity that makes this material suitable for the thermal management applications. Moreover, bismuth is an excellent model substance for the study of thermoelectricity and bismuth-based compounds such as Bi2 Te3 and Bi2 Se3 which are typical thermoelectric materials used in industrial applications.In collaboration with L. Paulatto (IMPMC), G. Fugallo (Ecole Polytechnique), F. Mauri(IMPMC) and M. Lazzeri (IMPMC) I have applied the recently developed advanced methods of the solution of the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) and of the phonon-phonon matrix elements calculation to describe thermal transport in bismuth. I have obtained the temperature dependence of the lattice thermal conductivity which is in excellent agreement with experiment. Moreover I am able to predict the lattice thermal conductivity (LTC) at temperatures at which it has not been measured. I have found that most of heat is carried by the acoustic phonons. However, the optical phonons were shown to play an important role by modulating the magnitude of the acoustic-optical phonon interaction (AOPI) and thus the value of the lattice thermal conductivity. Furthermore, I have shown that the available experimental data for the lattice thermal conductivity for polycrystalline thin-films are remarkably explained by my calculations, which enables me to predict the effect of the LTC size reduction for various temperatures and nanostructure shapes and sizes.The methods I use contain no empirical fitting parameters and give a direct insight into the microscopic mechanisms determining the transport and anharmonic properties of the materials. This allows me to analyze the anharmonic broadening that is inversely proportional to the phonon lifetime, for the various phonon modes along the high symmetry directions in the Brillouin zone and show what are the major scattering channels for coalescence/decays of phonons that govern the thermal transport in Bi.
High‐resolution flood precipitation and streamflow relationships in two US river basins

Relationships between rainfall and river discharge are important for governing flood characteristics and predicting flood impacts. Previous studies have examined these relationships, but they lacked the high‐resolution precipitation data necessary to analyse rainfall–streamflow correlations for individual flood episodes. The present study addresses this limitation by examining rainfall–streamflow relationships in two topographically and climatically different river basins: the Wabash River basin in Indiana and the Willamette River basin in Oregon, using high‐resolution, sub‐basin precipitation and discharge data. Results show that flood rainfall–streamflow relationships are highly spatially variable on a sub‐basin scale. In the Wabash basin, strong positive correlations exist between rainfall and streamflow near urban areas and slight terrain gradients during flash floods, while weaker correlations between rainfall and streamflow are observed in other areas of the basin and for slow‐rise floods. In the Willamette basin, strong positive slow‐rise flood rainfall–streamflow relationships occur in referenced gauges in the eastern, mountainous part of the basin, while strong negative correlations occur in non‐referenced gauges near reservoirs along the main rivers. Results suggest that in addition to high‐resolution rainfall variability, the influence of urbanization, topography and water management on flood rainfall–streamflow relationships needs to be considered in order to forecast local flood impacts better.
Soil Respiration May Overestimate or Underestimate in Forest Ecosystems

The inappropriate selection of measurement points and measurement times in an ecosystem may easily lead to the underestimation or overestimation of soil respiration due to spatial and temporal heterogeneity. To assess the law of spatial and temporal heterogeneity and more accurately determine the soil respiration rate, we measured the soil respiration rate of a forest in the plant growing season from 2011 to 2013 on Changbai Mountain in 8 directions and 7 distances from each tree trunk. Neglecting the direction of the measuring point may overestimate or underestimate the soil respiration rate by 29.81% and 26.09%, respectively; neglecting the distance may overestimate or underestimate the soil respiration rate by 41.36% and 20.28%, respectively; and ignoring the measurement time may overestimate and underestimate the soil respiration rate by 41.71% and 57.64%, respectively. In addition, choosing a measurement point in the eastern direction at a 1.8 m distance and conducting the measurement in September may relatively accurately reflect the soil respiration rate of the ecosystem. These findings can deepen our understanding of soil respiration rate heterogeneity and may provide new ideas for improving the measurement method of soil respiration.
Designing advanced biochar products for maximizing greenhouse gas mitigation potential

ABSTRACT Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agricultural operations continue to increase. Carbon (C)-enriched char materials like biochar have been described as a mitigation strategy. Utilization of biochar material as a soil amendment has been demonstrated to provide potentially greater soil GHG suppression due to its interactions in the soil system. However, these effects are variable and the duration of the impact remains uncertain. Various (nano)materials can be used to modify chars to obtain surface functionality to mitigate GHG emissions. This review critically focusses on the innovative methodologies for improving char efficiency, underpinning GHG mitigation and C sequestration.
Effect of Storage and Ageing Time on Sensorial Quality and Composition of Wine Phenolic Compounds Improved with Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Local Hybrid

High quality wine can be produced by the perfect ageing process.The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ageing process container on sensory quality and composition of phenolic compounds of wine fermented with local hybrid Sacharomyces cereviciae. The research design used a randomized block design with two factorials. The first factor is the materials for storing during the ageing process, namely plastic bottles, glass bottles and pottery barrels (from Banyuning). The second factor is ageing time, namely 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 months. The experiment was carried out two times over so that 30 experimental units were obtained. The variables measured were phenolic compounds and sensory quality (aroma and taste, color, and turbidity level). The composition of the phenolic compounds was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) and sensory quality test using 15 trained fanelis. The results showed that the composition of the highest phenolic compound content was shown successively with containers: plastic bottles, glass and earthenware and the ageing time was 4 months. The content of phenolic compounds is Isoamyl alcohol (ISM), Isobutanol (ISB), n-propanol (PR), Acetaldehyde (ADE), 2,3 –Butanediol (BUT), Acetone (ACE), while the best sensory quality is using pottery. because it has better aroma and taste, lower turbidity level. Based on data analysis, it can be concluded that the length of time for the ageing process and the container during the ageing process has a significant effect on the quality and content of phenolic compounds in grape wine fermented with local hybrid Sacharomyces cereviciae.
Anomalies in Transport Data

Over time, the analysis of traffic data has come down to predicting traffic flows. Building correspondence matrices describing traffic flows, forecasting traffic flows at a specific point and at a specific time interval is what transport analytics did. However, the development of technology and the economy has led to the fact that the penetration of mobile phones and the efforts of telecommunications operators provide complete information about the movements of mobile devices (their users) in modern cities. This means, in particular, that predicting flows is no longer a task. Other issues come to the fore. And one of them is just an analysis of anomalies. This is necessary, first of all, at the stage of operation of Smart City systems.