Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Outage analysis of multiuser relay networks with CSI-based amplify-and-forward relaying in Nakagami-m fading channels

In this paper, we consider the performance of downlink multiuser relay networks (MRN) equipped with a single amplify-and-forward (AaF) relay. We present exact analysis in closed-form for the outage probability of MRN with channel state information (CSI)-based gain relaying in Nakagami-m fading channels. In doing so, we derived a new expression for the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the highest end-to-end signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) associated with the strongest destination terminal. We demonstrate the impact of the fading severity m and the number of destination terminals on the system performance in unbalanced fading conditions. Numerical results substantiate the validity of our analysis.
Optimal Synthesis of Sum and Difference Patterns With Arbitrary Sidelobes Subject to Common Excitations Constraints

An innovative and computationally effective approach to the synthesis of optimal sum and difference patterns via uniformly spaced arrays with a number of common excitations is presented and assessed. The proposed technique takes advantage from known results in the (separate) optimal synthesis of sum and difference patterns and allows one to manage arbitrary and different bounds concerning both the sidelobe level (SLL) and the beamwidth (BW) of the couple of patterns while sharing part of the feeding network. A set of examples is provided to support the underlying theory and to show potentialities and features of the arising procedure.
Augmented Reality System for Training Robotic Prostate Biopsy Needle Guidance

In this paper is presented an Augmented Reality (AR) system used for training the urologist to insert the biopsy needle using a serial robot as a case study. The AR based training set-up consists of a large screen projection system for the visualisation of the colocated environment and the software that uses one static single-camera marker tracking to colocate the virtual patient in the robot workspace and to provide guidance instructions for the urologist to perform the biopsy needle steering. The presented AR system has the potential to become a valuable education and training tool for users, helping them to acquire robotic operation skills that can be applied to robotic-assisted needle biopsy of the prostate.
Comparison of Venodilatory Effect of Amrinone and Theophylline In Human Subjects

Amrinone, a positive inotropic agent, is a selective phosphodiesterase III inhibitor and exerts vasodilatory effect on venous vessels. The present study was undertaken to compare the venodilatory effect of amrinone and theophylline, a nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, in eight healthy male subjects. In a randomized crossover design, one of these drugs was infused into the dorsal hand vein preconstricted by phenylephrine and its diameter was measured using a linear variable differential transformer. The value of maximum vasodilation for amrinone (mean ± standard deviation, 106% ± 17%) was similar to that for theophylline (mean ± standard deviation, 108% ± 14%). However, the infusion rate of amrinone needed to induce 50% of maximum vasodilation was significantly less than that of theophylline (25 ±15 μg/minute vs. 192 ± 87 μg/minute, respectively; P < 0.01). These findings suggest that the venodilatory activity of amrinone is more potent than that of theophylline in human subjects.
Study on the powertrain for ISG mild hybrid electric vehicle

According to the design requirements, the powertrain dynamic simulation model of an integrated starter/generator (ISG) hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) was established using Simulink. The parallel electric assist control strategy (PEACS) was researched and designed in this paper. The analysis of dynamics performance and fuel economy of the model was carried out under the FTP drive cycle, which can provide a design reference for the setup of the powertrain test bench. The results show that the fuel consumption can be effectively reduced by using the designed PEACS with the state of charge (SOC) of the battery maintaining in a certain scope. And the simulation results are basically in accord with the actual situation, which verifies the correctness and reasonableness of the established simulation model.
Carrying passengers as a risk factor for crashes fatal to 16- and 17-year-old drivers.

CONTEXT Injuries from motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death among teenagers. Carrying passengers has been identified as a possible risk factor for these crashes. OBJECTIVE To determine whether the presence of passengers is associated with an increased risk of crashes fatal to 16- and 17-year-old drivers and whether the risk varies by time of day and age and sex of drivers and passengers. DESIGN AND SETTING INCIDENCE: study of data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System and General Estimates System (1992-1997), as well as the Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey (1995). SUBJECTS Drivers aged 16 and 17 years who drove passenger cars, vans, or pickup trucks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Driver deaths per 10 million trips by number of passengers, driver age and sex, and time of day; and driver deaths per 1000 crashes by passenger age and sex. RESULTS Compared with drivers of the same age without passengers, the relative risk of death per 10 million trips was 1.39 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24-1.55) for 16-year-old drivers with 1 passenger, 1.86 (95% CI, 1.56-2.20) for those with 2 passengers, and 2.82 (95% CI, 2.27-3.50) for those with 3 or more passengers. The relative risk of death was 1.48 (95% CI, 1.35-1.62) for 17-year-old drivers with 1 passenger, 2.58 (95% CI, 2.24-2.95) for those with 2 passengers, and 3.07 (95% CI, 2.50-3.77) for those with 3 or more passengers. The risk of death increased significantly for drivers transporting passengers irrespective of the time of day or sex of the driver, although male drivers were at greater risk. Driver deaths per 1000 crashes increased for 16- and 17-year-olds transporting male passengers or passengers younger than 30 years. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that the risk of fatal injury for a 16- or 17-year-old driver increases with the number of passengers. This result supports inclusion of restrictions on carrying passengers in graduated licensing systems for young drivers.
Parental Maltreatment and Emotion Dysregulation as Risk Factors for Bullying and Victimization in Middle Childhood

Examined whether children who were maltreated by caregivers were more likely to bully others and to be at risk for victimization by peers. An additional focus was to investigate emotion's role in bullying and victimization among children at risk. Participants were 169 maltreated and 98 nonmaltreated boys and girls attending a summer day camp for inner-city children. As predicted, maltreated children were more likely than nonmaltreated children to bully other children. Bullying was especially prevalent among abused children who experienced maltreating acts of commission (physical or sexual abuse). Maltreatment also placed children at risk for victimization by peers. Gender did not moderate these findings, in that maltreated boys and girls appeared to be at similar risk for bullying and victimization. As expected, both bullies and victims evidenced problems with emotion regulation. Furthermore, logistic regression analyses suggested that emotion dysregulation made a unique contribution toward differentiating bullies and victims from children who did not evidence bully-victim problems. In addition, maltreatment's effects on children's risk for bullying and victimization were mediated by emotion dysregulation.
Mortality in childhood Hodgkin's disease. An etiologic clue.

THERE ARE peculiarities in the distribution of Hodgkin's disease with respect to age and sex which must reflect the influence of factors important in the genesis of the disease. MacMahon 1,2 has noted that (1) the age distribution in cases dying of Hodgkin's disease has two modes, the first of which occurs at 25 to 29 years of age, and (2) among 122 children with the disease before 10 years of age, the sex ratio (male:female) was almost 6:1 in contrast to the much lower value of about 1.5:1 for adults. To explore further the sex ratio in childhood and its relation to the age-peak at 25 to 29 years, we have examined US childhood mortality from Hodgkin's disease by single year of age. A dynamic change in rates was observed which has not previously been described. Methods Duplicates of punch cards containing information from the death certificates of all
Vascular damage in a mouse model of diabetic retinopathy: relation to neuronal and glial changes.

PURPOSE Lack of information about the development of diabetic retinopathy in mice has greatly hindered the use of genetic mouse models for the study of disease mechanisms and the development of therapeutic strategies. The objective of this study was to characterize the occurrence and pathologic progression of diabetic retinopathy in C57Bl/6J mice. METHODS Diabetes was induced with five consecutive injections of streptozotocin (STZ). The retinas were collected at different time points (2 weeks to 22 months) after the induction of diabetes and examined by using molecular, histologic, and immunohistochemical techniques and morphometric analysis. RESULTS There was transient induction of cell apoptosis and caspase-3 activation in retinal neurons of C57Bl/6 mice within days of diabetes induction. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker of glial activation, likewise was transiently upregulated, seemingly in astrocytes but not in Müller cells. These abnormalities quickly returned to normal; ultimately, no detectable loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) was noted by any of three independent methods (number of cells in ganglion cell layer of retinal cross-sections, retrograde labeling of retinal ganglion cells with fluorescent dye, or TUNEL staining) after up to a 1-year duration of diabetes. Despite this apparent lack of evidence for progressive damage in neurons and glial cells, diabetic mice developed vascular disease characteristic of the early stage of diabetic retinopathy beginning at 6 months after the onset of disease. The vascular damage-formation of acellular capillaries and pericyte ghosts-continued to increase through the 18 months examined. CONCLUSIONS Diabetic C57Bl/6J mice develop capillary lesion that are characteristic of the early stages of diabetic retinopathy in patients. The data suggest that diabetes-induced degeneration of retinal capillaries can develop independent of neuronal loss or chronic GFAP upregulation in glial cells.
[Potential therapy for mucus hypersecretion in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

虽然黏液在黏膜屏障中起清除和辅助作用,但黏液高分泌是慢性支气管炎的一个主要的病理生理学特点,持续的黏液高分泌导致气道阻塞,影响了慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者气道对吸入细菌和颗粒的清除. 尽管对黏液高分泌的机制还不甚清楚,但其仍是一个主要的治疗目标. 研究表明,人中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶是与慢性支气管炎患者气道黏液高分泌有关的刺激物,在体外能刺激人气道上皮细胞分泌黏蛋白(黏液的糖蛋白组成部分). 人中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶诱导的黏液高分泌相关的信号分子包括蛋白激酶C,特别是delta异构体和豆蔻酰化富丙氨酸C激酶底物蛋白(MARCKS). 这些分子意味着调节患者黏液分泌是潜在的治疗目标。
MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF TYPICAL CERVICAL VERTEBRAE AND THEIR CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

Address for Correspondence: Dr. Ephraim Vikram Rao. K, Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Deccan College Of Medical Sciences,Santhosh Nagar, Hyderabad, 500058. , Telangana, India. Ph. No.: +919949353025 E-Mail: dr.ephraimvikram@gmail.com Introduction: Knowledge on the dimensions of morphological features of typical cervical vertebrae is of importance to improve the surgical outcome while performing cervical pedicle screw insertion, cervical laminectomy, hook plating, lateral mass screw fixation, inter spinous wiring and the cervical transpedicular screw fixation. The aim of the present study on the morphometric analysis of the typical cervical vertebrae (C3C6) is to provide knowledge for the surgeons to improve the surgical techniques and to minimize the post operative complications. Materials and Methods: The present study consisting of 50 dry typical cervical vertebrae. Height, transverse diameter, antero-posterior diameter of vertebral bodies, height and length of laminae, length and width of pedicles, length of spine, length and width of superior and inferior articular facets were measured using digital Vernier caliper with 0.01mm precision. Results: The mean and standard deviations of height, transverse diameter, antero-posterior diameter of vertebral bodies were 12.31±1.58 mm, 21.49±2.13 mm and 15.69±1.42 mm respectively. The mean & SD of the height and length of laminae were 10.60±1.21 mm and 15.13±1.38 mm respectively. The mean & SD of length and width of pedicles were 5.62±1.53 mm and 4.64±0.72 mm respectively. The mean & SD of length of spines were 16.23±2.23mm. The mean & SD of length and width of superior and inferior articular facets were 12.75±2.47mm, 9.69±1.54 mm, 13.55±2.16 mm and 6.37±0.82 mm respectively. The mean antero-posterior diameter of bodies was measured on superior and inferior surfaces and it was found that the mean antero-posterior diameters on inferior surface of bodies were higher than superior surface. Student t test was performed between the right and left sides of all the parameters and found bilateral symmetry. Conclusion: The knowledge on the morphometric dimensions of the typical cervical vertebrae (C3-C6) provides essential guidance to the surgeons to improve the surgical techniques which can minimize the intra operative and/or post operative complications.
Synergistic Differentiation by Chronic Exposure to Cyclic AMP and Nerve Growth Factor Renders Rat Phaeochromocytoma PC12 Cells Totally Dependent upon Trophic Support for Survival

Chronic dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP) treatment was observed not only to potentiate the differentiating actions of nerve growth factor (NGF) in PC12 cells, but to render them completely dependent on trophic support for survival even in the presence of serum proteins. When both NGF and dbcAMP were withdrawn from doubly differentiated PC12 cultures, degenerative events occurred after a lag period of 12–18 h, and by 48 h ≤ 5–10% of the cells remained viable. Reduction in [3H]dopamine uptake, an index of cell function and neurite integrity, paralleled cell demise. At the cellular level, ∼20–30% of the nuclei exhibited clear signs of chromatin fragmentation, as characterized by propidium iodide staining, suggesting that degeneration occurred by apoptosis. The cells could be rescued completely from degeneration by dbcAMP or by other cAMP analogues, whereas NGF and depolarization were also effective, but only partially. Phorbol 12‐myristate‐13‐acetate failed to afford protection. If deprivation was interrupted, cell demise could be stopped by restoration of initial culture conditions. Degenerative changes produced by deprivation and recovery processes were not inhibited by macromolecular synthesis inhibitors, e.g. cycloheximide and actinomycin‐D. However, chronic addition of cycloheximide prior to deprivation greatly impaired the differentiation of NGF/dbcAMP cells, allowing these cells to withstand trophic support withdrawal. Altogether our results indicate that the cAMP transduction pathway plays a crucial role not only in the differentiation but also in the survival of NGF/dbcAMP PC12 cells.
Relationship of dietary selenium to selenium in plasma and milk from dairy cows.

In a 13-wk trial Holstein cows in mid-lactation were fed four diets containing natural selenium alone or supplemented with . 1, . 2, or . 5 mg of inorganic selenium per kilogram of diet. Dietary selenium concentration averaged . 334, . 385, . 456, and . 772 mg/kg. Selenium plasma in wk 7 averaged . 112 mu/ml with no differences among treatments; milk selenium ranged from . 040 to . 046 mu/ml and was higher in the two higher selenium diets. In wk 13 selenium in plasma and milk averaged . 119 and . 054 with no treatment differences. The 7 and 13 wk concentrations were higher than pretrial . 084 and . 033 mu/ml for plasma and milk during which time dietary selenium concentration was . 254 mg/kg. Selenium concentration increased linearly from about . 08 to . 120 mu/ml of plasma and about . 030 to . 055 mu/ml of milk as intake of selenium increased from about 2 to 6 mg/day. Increase in selenium intake from 6 to 12 mg/day resulted in little change in plasma and milk selenium. Moderate concentrations of dietary selenium (.3 to .7 mg/kg) do not result in toxic amounts of selenium in milk.
Multiple-access protocols: fairness in heterogeneous systems

We propose a distributed reservation protocol for high-speed, star-based, local-communication systems with het- erogeneous users. The users have different delay, throughput, and priority requirements, and each user has knowledge of only its own traffic mix. At light loads, the usual delay overhead of reserveration schemes can be eliminated. Also, the probability of correct reservation reception is improved: it is only necessary to detect the presence or absence of a signal since reservation signals do not carry address information or the desired amount of channel he. Users know the value of a global reservation counter, which specifies the amount of transmission time acquired by a reservation. The protocol can support both circuit- and packet-switched traffic (e.g., integrated voice and data).
Role of laparotomy and splenectomy in the management of Hodgkin's disease

We have performed laparotomy and splenectomy for 40 patients with untreated Hodgkin's disease as part of the initial diagnostic evaluation. Approximately 25% of patients who were felt to have disease limited to above the diaphragm, on the basis of the initial clinical and laboratory examination (including lymphangiography), were found to have abdominal disease on surgical exploration. Of the patients with abdominal disease, 75% had histologically involved spleens, which were seldom detected preoperatively. In none of these patients was the liver involved. About 50% of our patients with abdominal disease failed to have a contiguous pattern to their sites of involvement, which suggests that Hodgkin's disease may be multicentric in origin in some patients. The therapeutic benefits of splenectomy are also detailed. This operation appears to be a valuable procedure in the evaluation of patients with Hodgkin's disease and their subsequent management and expectation of cure with radical radiotherapy.
CoopRED: Cooperative RED for software defined networks

Recently, Internet is an essential part for human life, and several problems lead Future Internet. Software Defined Networks (SDN) is a representative approach in Future Internet. We propose Cooperative Random Early Detection (CoopRED) to avoid inefficiency in core routers when incoming traffic generates congestion. Our scheme selects packets that will be dropped in the bottleneck link, and drops them early in the edge router. We conducted simulation to measure the performance, and it shows that the proposed scheme improves the efficiency of core networks.
Validation of performance data using experimental verification process in wireless sensor network

Testing a new network protocol experimentally in WSNs is an important step prior to deployment because theoretical models and assumptions made often differ between real environmental properties and performance. It is imperative to ensure that the results obtained from the test are reliable and the performance observed in simulation is a valid representation of the real world. Thus there is a need to perform extensive experimental analysis and evaluation to produce results with an acceptable level of confidence. In this paper, we outline experimental statistical and analysis techniques that allow us to have some confidence in the results obtained are at least relevant to physical deployment. Using the results from hardware and software experiments, we apply our proposed Experimental Verification Process (EVP) to evaluate the performance of the Multimodal Routing Protocol (MRP) against Adhoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Not So Tiny-AODV (NST-AODV). With the EVP, we have improved the credibility of MRP.
Differentiating Between Posed and Spontaneous Expressions with Latent Regression Bayesian Network

Spatial patterns embedded in human faces are crucial for differentiating posed expressions from spontaneous ones, yet they have not been thoroughly exploited in the literature. To tackle this problem, we present a generative model, i.e., Latent Regression Bayesian Network (LRBN), to effectively capture the spatial patterns embedded in facial landmark points to differentiate between posed and spontaneous facial expressions. The LRBN is a directed graphical model consisting of one latent layer and one visible layer. Due to the “explaining away“ effect in Bayesian networks, LRBN is able to capture both the dependencies among the latent variables given the observation and the dependencies among visible variables. We believe that such dependencies are crucial for faithful data representation. Specifically, during training, we construct two LRBNs to capture spatial patterns inherent in displacements of landmark points from spontaneous facial expressions and posed facial expressions respectively. During testing, the samples are classified into posed or spontaneous expressions according to their likelihoods on two models. Efficient learning and inference algorithms are proposed. Experimental results on two benchmark databases demonstrate the advantages of the proposed approach in modeling spatial patterns as well as its superior performance to the existing methods in differentiating between posed and spontaneous expressions.
Direct PCR amplification and in situ imaging based on alginate droplets

A droplet based microfluidic system encapsulating PCR reagent into alginate beads as a new digital PCR solution has been developed, which avoided droplet coalescence and enabled efficient DNA amplification and high-throughput fluorescent imaging. We also compared two trapping methods using hydrodynamic traps and micro-sieves, and indicated the advantages of latter for higher trapping rate and no droplet clogging. These results provide new insights and tools for on-chip digital PCR and are expected to attract broad interest for applications in droplet microfluidics.
Attribute-Based Online/Offline Encryption with Outsourcing Decryption

Attribute-based encryption (ABE) is a promising encryption for fine-grained sharing of ciphertext based on users’ attributes. One drawback of ABE is that the encryption and decryption computational costs grow with the number of attributes and the complexity of the access policy. In scenarios where mobile devices are required, it will make encryption and decryption a possible bottleneck for these applications. To largely eliminate computational overhead for mobile devices, we propose a novel attribute-based online/offline encryption with outsourcing decryption (ABOOEOD). First, the encryption process is split into the offline and online phases. Second, we modify the key generation and decryption algorithms to handle the ciphertext, and outsource the majority of decryption to cloud servers without compromising its security. Our first ABOOE-OD scheme is proven to be secure against the chosen-plaintext attack. We present an attribute-based online/offline KEM with outsourcing decapsulation (ABOOKEM-OD), and construct a generic transformation to achieve CCA security for ABOOE-OD from any ABOOKEM-OD with one-wayness. Finally, we compare our schemes with previous schemes, and provide an implementation of our scheme. The performance measurements indicate ABOOE-OD is very suitable for mobile devices to perform the online encryption and decryption operations without significantly draining the battery.