Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intensity-modulated radiotherapy by means of static tomotherapy: a planning and verification study.

There is currently much research interest in developing, evaluating, and verifying intensity-modulation techniques. Of particular interest is how well the delivery of intensity-modulated profiles can be simulated by planning algorithms, and how accurately these profiles can be delivered given the specification constraints of linear accelerators. In this paper we present a planning and verification study based on delivering radiation in "static-tomotherapy" mode via the NOMOS MIMiC (Multileaf intensity-modulation collimator), which sheds some light on these issues. An inverse-planning algorithm was used to compute intensity-modulated profiles for a 9-coplanar-field plan for a body phantom. The algorithm makes several approximations about the form of the elementary fluence profile through bixels during delivery. Specifically, it is independent of the state of adjacent bixels (i.e., open or closed) and obeys the superposition principle. From the standpoint of comparing the predicted versus the delivered dose, these assumptions were made irrelevant by a final one-step forward dose calculation performed using the optimized intensity profiles. This forward dose calculation took into account the penumbral characteristics of the delivery system by decomposing the intensity profiles into the set of delivery components. Each component was assigned the appropriate penumbral functions thereby ensuring that the calculated dose distribution closely predicted the delivered dose distribution. The nine intensity modulated fields were delivered to a perspex phantom with the same geometry, containing a verification film. In general good agreement was found between the predicted and the measured delivered dose distributions. All the main features of the predicted dose distribution are seen in the delivered. The 90% isodoses were consistently in spatial agreement to within 3 mm. At the 50% isodose level consistent spatial agreement was again found to within 3 mm, the largest deviation being about 5 mm. The close correspondence between the predicted and measured dose distribution demonstrates the potential of the MIMiC delivery system. Our results indicate the level of dose conformation that is achievable in practice and the accuracy of the dose computation algorithm. However, this study only concerned delivery of radiation to a 2 cm thick slice, and the dose distribution was only verified in the central plane of the phantom where the film was placed. We therefore cannot comment as yet on what happens to the dose distribution away from the central film-plane.
Überblick und Weiterentwicklung von Methoden zur Beherrschbarkeit von Variabilität in Geschäftsprozessmodellen

Es existieren zahlreiche verschiedene Methoden und Ansätze zum richtigen Umgang mit Variabilität von Geschäftsprozessmodellen. Der vorliegende Beitrag stellt einige dieser Methoden vor und geht dabei auch auf vorhandene Vorund Nachteile ein. Auf dieser Grundlage wird eine Reihe von Thesen formuliert, die die mögliche Weiterentwicklung dieser Methoden insbesondere im Hinblick auf ihre praktische Erprobung sowie die Einbettung in eine ganzheitliche Vorgehensweise skizzieren.
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis of Colorectal Origin: Incidence and Current Treatment Strategies

Objective:To review the literature with regard to the incidence and prognostic significance of peritoneal seeding during surgery for primary colorectal cancer (CRC), the incidence of intraperitoneal recurrence of CRC, and the current treatment strategies of established PC of colorectal origin, with special focus on cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IPEC). Summary Background Data:Although hematogenous dissemination forms the greatest threat to patients with CRC, peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC), presumably arising from intraperitoneal seeding of cancer cells, is a relatively frequent event in patients with recurrent CRC. Methods:The PubMed and Medline literature databases were searched for pertinent publications regarding the incidence and prognostic significance of exfoliated tumor cells in the peritoneal cavity during curative surgery for primary CRC, the incidence of intraperitoneal recurrence of CRC, and the therapeutic results of systemic chemotherapy or cytoreductive surgery followed by IPEC. Results:The incidence of peritoneal seeding during potentially curative surgery for primary CRC, as reported in 12 patient series, varied widely, from 3% to 28%, which may be explained by differences in methods to detect tumor cells. PC is encountered in approximately 7% of patients at primary surgery, in approximately 4% to 19% of patients during follow-up after curative surgery, in up to 44% of patients with recurrent CRC who require relaparotomy, and in 40% to 80% of patients who succumb to CRC. The reported median survival after systemic 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy for PC varies from 5.2 to 12.6 months. Median survival after aggressive cytoreductive surgery followed by (hyperthermic) IPEC in selected patients, as reported in 16 patient series, tends to be better and varies from 12 to 32 months at the cost of morbidity and mortality rates of 14% to 55% and 0% to 19%, respectively. One randomized controlled trial has been published confirming the superiority of aggressive surgical cytoreduction and intraperitoneal chemotherapy over strictly palliative treatment. Conclusions:Peritoneal seeding of cancer cells possibly leading to PC is a rather common phenomenon in patients with CRC. Cytoreductive surgery and adjuvant (hyperthermic) IPEC have been shown to be efficacious in selected patients and should therefore be considered in patients with resectable PC of colorectal origin.
Molecular aspects of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia

Hypohidrotic (anhidrotic) ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a congenital syndrome characterized by sparse hair, oligodontia, and reduced sweating. It is caused by mutations in any of the three Eda pathway genes: ectodysplasin (Eda), Edar, and Edaradd which encode a ligand, a receptor, and an intracellular signal mediator of a single linear pathway, respectively. In rare cases, HED is associated with immune deficiency caused by mutations in further downstream components of the Eda pathway that are necessary for the activation of the transcription factor NF‐κB. Here I present a brief research update on the molecular aspects of this evolutionarily conserved pathway. The developmental role of Eda will be discussed in light of loss‐ and gain‐of‐function mouse models with emphasis on the past few years. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Striatal synaptosomes from Hdh140Q/140Q knock-in mice have altered protein levels, novel sites of methionine oxidation, and excess glutamate release after stimulation.

BACKGROUND Synaptic connections are disrupted in patients with Huntington's disease (HD). Synaptosomes from postmortem brain are ideal for synaptic function studies because they are enriched in pre- and post-synaptic proteins important in vesicle fusion, vesicle release, and neurotransmitter receptor activation. OBJECTIVE To examine striatal synaptosomes from 3, 6 and 12 month old WT and Hdh140Q/140Q knock-in mice for levels of synaptic proteins, methionine oxidation, and glutamate release. METHODS We used Western blot analysis, glutamate release assays, and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS Striatal synaptosomes of 6 month old Hdh140Q/140Q mice had less DARPP32, syntaxin 1 and calmodulin compared to WT. Striatal synaptosomes of 12 month old Hdh140Q/140Q mice had lower levels of DARPP32, alpha actinin, HAP40, Na+/K+-ATPase, PSD95, SNAP-25, TrkA and VAMP1, VGlut1 and VGlut2, increased levels of VAMP2, and modifications in actin and calmodulin compared to WT. More glutamate released from vesicles of depolarized striatal synaptosomes of 6 month old Hdh140Q/140Q than from age matched WT mice but there was no difference in glutamate release in synaptosomes of 3 and 12 month old WT and Hdh140Q/140Q mice. LC-MS/MS of 6 month old Hdh140Q/140Q mice striatal synaptosomes revealed that about 4% of total proteins detected (>600 detected) had novel sites of methionine oxidation including proteins involved with vesicle fusion, trafficking, and neurotransmitter function (synaptophysin, synapsin 2, syntaxin 1, calmodulin, cytoplasmic actin 2, neurofilament, and tubulin). Altered protein levels and novel methionine oxidations were also seen in cortical synaptosomes of 12 month old Hdh140Q/140Q mice. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide support for early synaptic dysfunction in Hdh140Q/140Q knock-in mice arising from altered protein levels, oxidative damage, and impaired glutamate neurotransmission and suggest that study of synaptosomes could be of value for evaluating HD therapies.
Small UHF RFID Label Antenna Design and Limitations

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is emerging as an unrivalled contender for automatic object identification technology, its adoption being driven primarily by the potential cost savings in the application of the technology to supply chain management [1]. In general RFID system components include RFID labels, Interrogators (transceivers) and backend control and data collection systems [2]. The mass utilization of RFID technology is hindered by the cost of RFID labels. The cost of producing a label can be separated into IC design, IC manufacture, antenna manufacture, antenna and IC assembly, and packaging. Significant barriers to reducing the cost are the lack of a streamlined process for attaching a RFID label antennas to RFID ICs (about 0.25 mm in size) and the cost of manufacturing antennas, which currently cost around 3 4 US cents per label. Hence this paper focuses on low cost passive RFID labels with the aim of reducing passive labels costs.
Dynamical Issues at the Low Level of Human/Virtual Object Interaction

Some application areas such as musical synthesis, animation or more generally, instrumental arts, have specific requirements for the " haptic rendering" of small movements that go beyond the thresholds that usual simulators and haptic interfaces allow. The quality of a simulator is specifically brought by the dynamical properties of its components: haptic interface, simulator and control system. For such type of applications, variations of objects intrinsic properties and mutual combinations are relevant aspects which bring about global properties of an entire object domain as well as restitute specific object properties. As a general aim, rather than to minimize the technical effects to reach transparency, we intent to characterize them by physical metaphors conferring to haptic medium the role of a tool. This standpoint leads to firstly analyze the natural human-object interaction as a simplified evolving system and then considers its synthesis in the case of the interactive physical simulation. By means of a frequential method, this approach is presented for some elementary configurations of the simulator.
Modelización temporal de los ratios contables en la detección del fracaso empresarial de la PYME española

RESUMEN La incompatibilidad de algunos valores de los ratios con situaciones desahogadas de la empresa les confiere cierto carácter de control sobre la solvencia empresarial. Por ello, tiene sentido plantearse cuál de esos ratios es mas rapido en la detección del fracaso empresarial. En este trabajo incorporamos el tiempo como variable fundamental en la detección del fracaso empresarial. Para ello se modeliza probabilísticamente el comportamiento de un sistema de control, que pretende ser eficiente a través de una distributión de probabilidad para la variable aleatoria «momento real de ocurrencia del hecho controlado por el sistema», deduciendo un modelo exponencial acotado superiormente que, aplicado sobre los ratios, se utiliza en la discusión de cuáles pueden considerarse alarmas del fracaso empresarial por ser más eficaces y rápidos en su detección. El trabajo finaliza aplicando la metodología en los ratios definidos, permitiendo jerarquizarlos segun su eficiencia temporal en alertar sobre una posible insolvencia empresarial.
Simulación y Resolución de Casos Clínicos por Estudiantes de Medicina

En las Sesiones Basico-Clinicas (SBC) alumnos de distintos cursos del Grado en Medicina de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM) trabajan un caso clinico en equipo bajo la tutorizacion de dos profesores, uno de asignaturas basicas y otro de asignaturas clinicas. Esta comunicacion muestra la metodologia docente utilizada por el Departamento de Biologia Celular de la Facultad de Medicina. El modelo pedagogico busca favorecer la transversalidad y que los estudiantes adopten una actitud activa y autonoma. A partir de los datos iniciales de un paciente, los alumnos tienen que llegar al juicio clinico mediante la simulacion de un protocolo diagnostico con consultas, anamnesis, exploracion, solicitud de pruebas e interpretacion de resultados. Disponen de un espacio virtual con herramientas de comunicacion en el que se les facilitan los recursos que van solicitando y donde ellos envian las soluciones de su interpretacion en los plazos indicados. Una vez resuelto el caso el grupo elabora una presentacion que sera expuesta en publico y evaluada por profesores y alumnos oyentes. La percepcion de los profesores sobre el trabajo realizado por los alumnos es claramente satisfactoria.
Acute and chronic effects of citalopram on postsynaptic 5‐hydroxytryptamine1A receptor‐mediated feedback: a microdialysis study in the amygdala

Microdialysis was used to assess the involvement of postsynaptic 5‐hydroxytryptamine1A (5‐HT1A) receptors in the regulation of extracellular 5‐HT in the amygdala. Local infusion of the 5‐HT1A receptor agonist flesinoxan (0.3, 1, 3 µm) for 30 min into the amygdala maximally decreased 5‐HT to 50% of basal level. Systemic administration of citalopram (10 µmol/kg) increased 5‐HT to 175% of basal level. Local infusion of 1 µm of the 5‐HT1A receptor antagonist WAY 100.635 into the amygdala augmented the effect of citalopram to more than 500% of basal 5‐HT level. 5‐HT1A receptor responsiveness after chronic citalopram treatment was determined in two ways. First, by local infusion of 1 µm flesinoxan for 30 min into the amygdala, which showed a significant 63% reduction in response (area under the concentration–time curve; AUC) for the citalopram group compared to the saline group. Second, by systemic administration of citalopram (10 µmol/kg), which increased 5‐HT to 350% of basal level. The effect was larger than in untreated animals, but more important, local infusion of 1 µm WAY 100.635 into the amygdala now failed to augment the effect of citalopram. Both the flesinoxan and WAY 100.635 data suggest an involvement of postsynaptic 5‐HT1A receptor‐mediated feedback in the amygdala, which diminishes following chronic citalopram treatment.
Signaling to Rho GTPases.

Rho GTPases regulate many important processes in all eukaryotic cells, including the organization of the actin cytoskeleton, gene transcription, cell cycle progression, and membrane trafficking. Their activity is regulated by signals originating from different classes of surface receptors including G-protein-coupled receptors, tyrosine kinase receptors, cytokine receptors, and adhesion receptors. Recent work has identified multiple mechanisms by which receptors can signal to Rho GTPases and this will be the major focus of this review. In addition, there is growing evidence for cross-talk within the Rho GTPase family as well as between the Rho and Ras GTPase families. These signaling networks are thought to provide the cooperative and coordinated interactions that are crucial for regulating complex biological processes such as cell migration.
Rôle du rhamnogalacturonane de type II dans l'élongation cellulaire

Etudier le lien entre l’existence d’une paroi rigide permettant aux cellules de resister a la pression de turgescence mais suffisamment malleable pour permettre l’elongation cellulaire peut paraitre paradoxal. Pourtant, les polysaccharides et proteines parietaux participent aussi bien au renforcement parietal qu’a la croissance des cellules, et les connaissances a ce sujet ne sont pas exhaustives. Parmi les constituants de la paroi, le rhamnogalacturonane de type II (RG-II), arbore une structure complexe, bien que conservee au cours de l’evolution. Pour comprendre son role dans l’elongation et la croissance cellulaire, nous avons du faire face a plusieurs difficultes : sa faible proportion au sein de la paroi [0,5% a 8% (p/p) de la fraction pectique] et le peu d’information disponible concernant les enzymes necessaires a sa synthese en raison de l’absence de mutant homozygote viable. Ainsi, nous nous sommes interroges sur de nouvelles techniques pouvant etre developpees afin de contourner ces limites. Dans ce projet, nous avons analyse phenotypiquement deux lignees mutantes affectees dans l’expression du gene SIA2 fortement pressenti pour coder une glycosyltransferase specifique de la synthese du RG-II. Le deuxieme objectif du projet etait de faciliter la localisation cellulaire de ce polysaccharide, en developpant la methode de « click chemistry ». Enfin, nous avons crible plusieurs sucres fluores, susceptibles d’affecter la synthese du RG-II, pour leur effet inhibiteur sur l’elongation racinaire.
The Art of Community - Building the New Age of Participation, 2nd Edition

Online communities provide a wide range of opportunities for supporting a cause, marketing a product or service, or building open source software. The Art of Community helps you recruit members, motivate them, and manage them as active participants. Author Jono Bacon offers experiences and observations from his 14-year effort to build and manage communities, including his current position as manager for Ubuntu.Discover how your community can become a reliable support network, a valuable source of new ideas, and a powerful marketing force. This expanded edition shows you how to keep community projects on track, make use of social media, and organize collaborative events. Interviews with 12 community management leaders, including Linus Torvalds, Tim OReilly, and Mike Shinoda, provide useful insights.Develop specific objectives and goals for building your community Build processes to help contributors perform tasks, work together, and share successes Provide tools and infrastructure that enable members to work quickly Create buzz around your community to get more people involved Harness social media to broadcast information, collaborate, and get feedback Use several techniques to track progress on community goals Identify and manage conflict, such as dealing with divisive personalities
Multiplexage spatial aléatoire pour l'échantillonnage compressif - application à l'holographie acoustique

L'application du compressed sensing a l'holographie acoustique en champ proche permet de reduire grandement le nombre de microphones dans les antennes utilisees sans nuire a la qualite de reconstruction dans une large gamme de frequences, en utilisant ces techniques au lieu des methodes classiques des problemes inverses. Cependant, ces techniques necessitent la construction d'antennes de microphones aux positions aleatoires, posant quelques problemes experimentaux. Nous proposons une alternative a ces antennes aux positions de micros aleatoires, qui consiste a multiplexer les mesures provenant d'une antenne reguliere a tres grand nombre de micros sur un nombre de canaux reduits. Les resultats numeriques presentes dans cette etude montre que cette approche, dans le cas precis de l'holographie acoustique, permet de meilleures reconstructions ainsi qu'une meilleure stabilite, par rapport au cas standard ou le nombre de microphones est egal au nombre de voies d'acquisition.
The effect of rotational vibration in roll and pitch axes on the discomfort of seated subjects.

An experiment was performed to investigate the effects of vibration level, frequency and foot position on the discomfort of seated persons subjected to sinusoidal vibration in roll and pitch axes. Using the method of category production eight seated subjects adjusted roll and pitch vibrations lo levels described as ‘uncomfortable’ on a given semantic scale. The axes of rotation were located on the same horizontal plane as the ischial tuberosities of the subjects. In each axis subjects assessed the discomfort of six frequencies (1-6, 20, 40. 80, 160, 31-5 Hz) for each of four different heights of a stationary foot-rest and a condition where no foot-rest was used. For all conditions where a foot-rest was present rotational vibration in roll produced greater discomfort than the same level of rotational vibration in pitch. Sensitivity to relational acceleration decreased with increasing frequency in both roll and pitch axes for all foot positions. Subjects became less sensitive lo rotational vibration in roll.
Visualização de informação: introdução e influências de IHC

Visualizacao de Informacao (InfoVis) visa facilitar o processo de derivacao e entendimento de informacao a partir da analise visual de conjuntos de dados, feita por usuarios, auxiliada pelo uso de recursos computacionais [8]. Baseada na interacao dos usuarios com representacoes visuais dos dados, essa area recebe diversas influencias de Interfaces Humano-Computador (IHC). Ao mesmo tempo, InfoVis vem desenvolvendo teorias e conceitos proprios, relacionados a como expressar dados por meio de representacoes graficas e interativas. O minicurso em questao tem por objetivo apresentar a area de InfoVis, suas intersecoes com IHC, e suas principais tecnicas e desafios.
MDMX: from bench to bedside

The tumor suppressor protein p53 is negatively regulated by Mdm2, a ubiquitin ligase protein that targets p53 for degradation. Mdmx (also known as Mdm4) is a relative of Mdm2 that was identified on the basis of its ability to physically interact with p53. An increasing body of evidence, including recent genetic studies, suggests that Mdmx also acts as a key negative regulator of p53. Aberrant expression of MDMX could thus contribute to tumor formation. Indeed, MDMX amplification and/or overexpression occurs in several diverse tumors. Strikingly, recent work identifies MDMX as a specific chemotherapeutic target for treatment of retinoblastoma. Specific MDMX antagonists should therefore be developed as a tool to ensure activation of `dormant' p53 activity in tumors that retain wild-type p53.
Continuous wave millimeter and TeraHertz generation using a Photonic Integrated Circuit

Sub-terahertz and terahertz frequencies can be generated by optical heterodyning of two wavelengths. Two laser modes, generated with a Photonic Integrated Circuit which integrates an Arrayed Waveguide Grating, are employed to create terahertz frequencies. The wavelength difference of the two optical modes defines the frequency of the generated wave, which can be discretely tunable by selecting different channels of the integrated filter.