Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Toxicity and Bioremediation of Contaminated Drinking Water Sources in Delta State, Nigeria

Drinking water samples were collected from boreholes in six locations in Ughelli and environs in Delta State of Nigeria and were treated by filtration through a substrate colonized with mycelium of Pleurotus tuber-regium. Water samples were analysed for pH, heavy metal concentration and microbiological content before and after filtration. Results obtained showed that the pH of unfiltered water samples were acidic (5.0 – 5.8) and below the WHO and SON permissible limits for drinking water. The same trend was followed by the concentrations of heavy metals such as lead, iron, zinc and chromium. Water samples from all six locations also had high total bacterial and coliform counts. Filtration through the mycelium colonized substrate showed adjustment of pH to a range within the WHO permissible limits. Reduction in heavy metal concentration ranged from 45.0 – 100%. Total bacterial count of mycofiltered water samples was impressively reduced by Original Research Article Olorunfemi et al.; JABB, 23(6): 8-16, 2020; Article no.JABB. 59548 9 77.3 – 100% and coliform count was not detected. The results obtained in this study makes mycofiltration a potential cost-effective and efficient technique for the treatment of potable water for domestic use.
Synergistic SNARE Modulators of Neurotransmission: Complexins and SNAP-29

Neurotransmitter release is a synergistic multistep process occurring at synapses in the brain. Synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitters tether to the presynaptic active zones, upon which, they are docked and primed to fusion competence by a number of proteins. When an action potential arrives at the terminal, a concomitant rise in the intracellular calcium concentration causes the vesicles to fuse to the presynaptic membrane and release their contents into the synaptic cleft. This process of neuronal excitation-secretion is tightly coupled and mediated by cascades of protein-protein interactions. The native SNAREs Syntaxin-1, SNAP-25 and Synaptobrevin-2 form a core complex that effectively facilitates the vesicle docking-priming-fusion process. Two proteins namely Complexins and SNAP-29 that have been shown to interact with the native SNAREs or their paralogs are detailed in the present study. The SNAP-29 protein belongs to the SNAP-25 family and is believed to be a Golgi-interacting SNARE. It shares only 17% sequence identity with SNAP-25 due to substantial variations in its structure. SNAP-29 was previously shown to interact with multiple Syntaxins localized on various subcellular organelles and was claimed to negatively modulate synaptic transmission in neurons by preventing SNARE disassembly. In the present study, it is proved that conditional loss of SNAP-29 from the forebrain glutamatergic neurons as well as constitutive loss of SNAP-29 in mice did not cause any deficits in transmitter release at glutamatergic or GABAergic synapses. Although constitutive knockout of SNAP-29 in animals caused perinatal lethality, the normal functioning of glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses in the brain could not account for such a dramatic effect. Rather, the lethality seen in these mice was likely due to perturbations in other secretory pathways. The Complexin family comprises of four proteins - Cplx1, Cplx2 are expressed in the brain, while Cplx3 and Cplx4 are prominently expressed in the retina. Previously, it was shown that loss of Cplx1, 2 and 3 in hippocampal neurons (TKO) caused profound deficits in the vesicular release probability and synchronicity of transmitter release. In the present study, this claim was confirmed and also shown that the reintroduction of each of the four wild type Complexins in the TKO via lentiviruses could facilitate synchronous neurotransmission, to variable extents. The strong binding of Cplx1 and Cplx2 to the SNARE complex corroborated their higher efficacy to mediate synchronous transmitter release. In case of Cplx3 and Cplx4, although hardly any binding to the SNARE complex was detectable, they could facilitate transmitter release only if their SNARE binding domain was intact and when targeted to membranes due to their C-terminal CAAX farnesylation. These results prove that all mammalian Complexins are indeed facilitators of synchronous synaptic transmission, and exert their function via SNARE complex binding and additional farnesylation for Cplx3 and Cplx4.
IMPROVING OILS STABILITY DURING DEEP-FAT FRYING USING NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS EXTRACTED FROM AGRO-INDUSTRIAL BY-PRODUCTS

The present study was carried out to evalute the possibility of extraction of some natural antioxidative (phenolic compounds) from agro-industrial by-products (mango seed kernel, mango peel, onion skin and black rice bran) . The extracted phenolic compounds were tested as natural antioxidants using mixure of refined Sunflower 75% and soybean 25% oils after deep frying (170-180°C) of potato for 25 hours compare with synthetic antioxidants; Tetra butyled hydroxyl quinone (TBHQ) . The results indicated that methanolic extract gave the highest extract yield compared to the other solvent. Methanol exhibited the highest extraction ability for phenolic compound (6.54,5.40, 5.10 and 6.80 mg/gdw), for mango seed kernel, mango peel, onion skin and black rice bran extracts, respectively and also showed the strongest antioxidant activity of black rice bran extract activity owing to its high content of phenolic compounds. HPLC analysis for the total polyphenols extracted from agro-industrial by-products indicated Ferulic, pcoumaric and Caffeic acids were the major phenolic compounds presented and identified in black rice bran (164.3, 32.1, and 25.4 mg/100g, respectively); while Salicylic, Chtechin and Protocatechuic acids were the major phenolic compounds presented and identified in Mango seed kernel (60.7, 51.7 and 46.1 mg/100g respectively). peroxide value of blend oils without additives (control) was increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) after 5 days of storage at 60° C meanwhile slowed increase was detected in samples with 200 ppm TBHQ and 400 ppm phenolic compounds extracted from agro-industrial by-products . Peroxide and TBA values of the frying blend oils increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) with increasing frying time. Black rice bran extract was more effective as antioxidant than those of the other studied agro-industrial by-products at 400 ppm and TBHQ at 200 ppm.
Progress in wearable electronics/photonics—Moving toward the era of artificial intelligence and internet of things

The past few years have witnessed the significant impacts of wearable electronics/photonics on various aspects of our daily life, for example, healthcare monitoring and treatment, ambient monitoring, soft robotics, prosthetics, flexible display, communication, human-machine interactions, and so on. According to the development in recent years, the next-generation wearable electronics and photonics are advancing rapidly toward the era of artificial intelligence (AI)
Authorship Attribution of Short Historical Arabic Texts using Stylometric Features and a KNN Classifier with Limited Training Data

Authorship Attribution (AA) is a task that aims to recognize the authorship of unknown texts based on writing style. Out of the various approaches to solve the AA problem, Stylometry is a promising one. This paper explores the use of a K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) classifier combined with stylometry features to perform AA. This study indicates the robustness of KNN in performing AA on short historical Arabic texts written by different authors. To classify the texts according to the author, KNN was trained with a set of stylometry features including rare words, count characters and 2-, 3- and 4-grams character levels. Various feature set sizes ranging from 34 to 2000 were tested in the experiment. The experiments were conducted on limited training data with datasets consisting of 3 short texts per the author’s book. This method proved to be at least as effective as Information Gain (IG) when selecting the most significant n-grams. Moreover, the KNN classifier achieved high accuracy results with the best classification accuracy of up to 90%, except for the 5-KK using the 4-gram character level. This work contributes towards utilizing KNN for identifying the distinctive stylometry feature for robust AA identification in short historical Arabic texts.
The Trend and the Pattern of Seasonal Rainfall in the Period (1993-2018) in Embu East Sub County, Kenya

Kenya, like many countries in the world, is vulnerable to climate variability and change. The livelihood of the people in Embu East Sub-county is highly dependent on rain-fed agriculture so climatic threats affect food and animal production. Climate variability has negatively affected mixed crop-livestock production. The objective of this study was: to establish the trend in seasonal rainfall in the period (1993-2018). The study used a descriptive survey research design guided by the Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA) theory. A sample of 364 subjects was composed of 362 heads of farming families and 2 Agricultural Field Officers. Data was obtained through the study of rainfall records in Embu Meteorological Stations, administration of household questionnaires, and interview schedule. The Methods of data analysis and presentation included time-series line graphs to show the trend, frequency tables, and percentages. The coefficient of variation was used to check the homogeneity of March-April-MAY and October-November-December seasons. A paired sample was used to test the hypothesis. The findings established that the rainfall trend was irregular between the years 1993-2018. The onset and the cessation of the MAM and OND varied significantly even though the MAM rainfall was on the upward trend and that of the OND was on the downward trend. The study recommends the following strategies the need to establish more rainfall stations in the study area. Policymakers should build the capacity of the farmers on how to exploit MAM fully and OND seasons and design a more efficient and interactive approach among the climate scientist-decision makers and the farmers to ensure effective communication on rainfall trends and pattern.
Segment-Based Multiple-Base Compressed Addressing for Flexible JavaScript Heap Allocation

Many Internet-of-Things (IoT) systems use lightweight JavaScript engines to support easy programming in microcontrollers. Lightweight JavaScript engines use several techniques for memory optimization, such as static heap reservation and compressed addressing. Recent IoT systems also use several external libraries and a larger on-chip memory to support abundant functionalities, such as machine learning and connectivity. However, as the JavaScript heap space is not resizable owing to the memory optimizations, the JavaScript engine or an external library is prone to fail the memory allocation in these devices. To address this problem, we propose a flexible memory optimization technique, segment-based multiple-base compressed addressing (SMBCA), which compresses a pointer indicating a JavaScript object allocated to a resizable heap based on multiple base addresses. SMBCA comprises two components: a dynamic segment allocator (DSA) and a multiple-base compressed address translator (MBCAT). DSA dynamically allocates the JavaScript heap in segment units. Meanwhile, MBCAT converts a low-bitwidth address into a full-bitwidth address and vice versa, based on the multiple base addresses. To reduce the address compression overhead of MBCAT, we propose a software cache technique, reverse map cache (RMC). We found that the SMBCA reduces average memory usage by 43.9% compared to the existing lightweight JavaScript engines when running SunSpider benchmarks, V8 benchmarks, and real-world applications. We also showed that the RMC reduces the average address compression latency of MBCAT by 34.9% when running the SunSpider benchmarks.
State of the Art Review How Does Gender Shape Entrepreneurial Resources and Practice ? A Review of Evidence

Women are much less likely to found businesses than men and even less likely to lead growth businesses (ONS, 2019; Rose Review, 2018). Given that the educational attainment of girls surpasses that of boys and women’s economic activity is approaching that of men’s, the scale of this gender gap is startling. As entrepreneurship relies on combining resources to create goods and services for profitable trade (Kitching and Rouse, 2016), this review explores gendered differences in the ownership and command of resources. It focuses on the entrepreneur resources mostly commonly researched: human capital (‘know how’ emergent from education and experience), financial capital (money) and social capital (relationships through which new resources are acquired). It also points to a gap in research concerning how gender shapes ‘labour capital’ (an entrepreneurs’ ability to apply their own or other’s labour to business creation and ownership). Women’s unequal access to resources and the constraints this places on their entrepreneurial activity suggests there is a significant failure in enterprise policies.
Dietary Patterns of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Study Based in Dhaka City

Autism Syndrome Disorders (ASD) is better known as “spectrum condition” that affects individuals differently and to varying degrees. Some of the behaviors associated with autism include delayed learning of language; difficulty making eye contact or holding a conversation; difficulty with executive functioning, which relates to reasoning and planning; narrow, intense interests; poor motor skills’ and sensory sensitivities. Food selectivity is more commonly reported in children with developmental disabilities than in typically developing children, particularly in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Parental and anecdotal clinical reports as well as a few research studies have suggested that children with ASDs have unusual eating habits. The main purpose of the study is to explore the need for special food intake pattern that may affect ASD’s life and its associated factors that can be barrier to raise ASD children with the part of the society. The study was performed in two schools located in Dhaka city in children aged between 5 to 16 years of age. The study was a cross-sectional descriptive design using quantitative method. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for face to face interview of the mothers or caregivers of 52 children. According to this study, most of the children (56%) did not communicate or socially interact with others but in contrary to various studies. Moreover, equal percentage (50%) of children make eye contact while talking or intercting. This study showed that as their age increases the children did not like to socially interact. A positive sign that this study data showed that these children liked to eat at regular interval (73%) and most of the children liked to eat home made food (83%) rather than store brought food. The study also found that most of the children like to have hot food and this number is high in children from nuclear families and a signification relationship (p value 0.058) was found between them. As food always have impact on human life so it is crucial to get more information on food habit of these children. It is quite necessary to educate both parents and caregivers on food intake pattern of these children to make their life easier and help these children to live a better life like others.
A Design Remote Control System to Feed Bird Using ESP8266

*Corresponding Author: S. Nurmuslimah Email: naili@itats.ac. id Abstract: Keeping lovebirds at home becomes one of hobbies that is fascinating to some people. Keeping them as pets means educate us to be regular people, particularly related to the process of food provision. Innovation on feeding bird is required such as automatic feeding which can be controlled from far areas. It will be very beneficial when the lovebird keepers are not at home. Therefore, this study develops at designing an automatic system for feeding birds completed with remote control. For this reason, the researcher used ESP8266 connected to NODEMCU as the hardware and BLYNK server as the control bridge of internet. The data would then be transmitted from smartphone to esp8266 system to control the feeding process. In the context of feeding process, the researcher used RTC-clock owned by BLYNK server to substitute RTC as the hardware. Automation system of food provision was carried out by synchronizing the data of hours from the users. The research data were used to design feeder bucket which could give food around 7.2-52.8 grams and feeder bucket B for accommodating food about 6.2-48.3 grams. The results of control and connection via BLYNK server demonstrated that 90% data were connected. In terms of data accuracy, this automatic feeder could be accurately 100% successful in a certain time.
Use of riceberry bran to reduce oil absorption in puffed cracker

A novel ingredient, riceberry bran (RB), was studied for its high fibre content in order to evaluate its potential to reduce oil content in puffed crackers. The objective of the present work was to study the effect of different ratios of tapioca starch (TS) and RB on the physical and chemical quality and sensorial characteristics of puffed cracker. The ratio of TS to RB used in the present work were 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100. The expansion ratio and oil absorption significantly decreased with increasing RB ratio. The minimum expansion was shown in cracker made with a ratio of 0:100. The amount of oil absorption decreased with increasing fibre content in the pellet. In term of sensorial descriptive analysis, adding RB resulted in increased hardness, but significant decreased in expansion. It was also found that puffed cracker made with a ratio of 75:25 scored the highest in appearance, colour, taste, flavour, crispness and overall preference. Furthermore, there was a decrease in acceptance among consumers with increasing ratio of RB. Therefore, it is henceforth suggested that RB should be included no more than 50%
Effects of salinity on egg development and growth, larval and juvenile survival rate of Pagrosomus major

Under laboratory condition, 4 different levels of salinity were set at 17.0 (G1), 22.0 (G2), 27.0 (G3) and natural salinity 32.0-33.0 (G4). The eggs of Pagrosomus major were fertilized with or without aeration, and the 3 day old larvae were cultured in transparent polycarbonate circular tanks. With water temperature at 20.5-23.5℃and rotifers Brachionus and Artemia nauplii as diets the results are as following: 1) The fertilized eggs develop well under natural salinity and have a high hatching rate (85.0%-97.0%) and low abnormal rate (3.2%-23.7%). Under low salinity without aeration, the hatching rate is 1.0%-48.0%, and the lower the salinity is, the lower the hatching rates and the higher abnormal rates are. When aeration is applied, although the salinity is as low as 17.0, the hatching rate sometimes can get to 97.1%, but the abnormal rates get to as high as 85.7%-100%. 2) There are 2 abnormal types in the hatching larvae. Type 1, the body or caudle or both is winding; the number of the oil globule is more than one or its place is in the middle or front of the yolk sac (normal at rear of the yolk sac). This type appears in every level of salinity and has higher appearing rates at lower salinity. Type 2, the larval membrane expands and the pericardial cavity enlarges. This type only appears under lower salinity condition and the lower the salinity is, the higher the appearing rate is, commonly with Type 1 together. 3) Different salinity has no notable effects on the growth of the larval and juvenile P. major. The mean total length is 19.6-20.7 mm after 31 d rearing, no distinguished differences in statistics available (P0.05). 4) The lower the salinity, the higher the survival rates of the larvae and juveniles. The average survival rates are: 36.3% (G1), 36.2%(G2), 27.1%(G3), 16.3%(G4).
Chapter 19:Electron Transport Chains in Oxygenic Cyanobacteria

Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are introduced here and discussed as the paradigmatic organisms of oxygenic (plant-type) photosynthesis and aerobic (mitochondrial-type) respiration in both bioenergetic, evolutionary and ecological respects. As the most important energy-conserving biological mechanisms, both photosynthesis and respiration crucially depend on the membrane-bound chemiosmotic electron transport principle. Within the framework of a generalized endosymbiont hypothesis, therefore, the term free-living protochloromitochondria seems to be most suitable for these prokaryotic plants, which are also rightly named the bioenergetic nonplus-ultra. Being ideal laboratory organisms for (biochemical and biophysical) photosynthesis research some thermophilic species among them have recently been used for detailed X-ray structural analysis of no less than three of the most important energy-converting electron transfer complexes of plant-type photosynthesis, viz., Photosystems II and I and the cytochrome b6 f complex.
Change in treatment modality and trends in survival among stage I non-small cell lung cancer patients: a population-based study

Background A number of treatment modalities are available to patients with early non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) but there is inconsistency regarding their effects on survival. The associated survival of each treatment modality is crucial for patients in making informed treatment decisions. We aimed to examine the change in treatment modality and trends in survival for patients with stage I NSCLC and assess the association between treatment modality and survival. Methods All patients diagnosed with stage I NSCLC in the Canadian province of Ontario between 2007 and 2015 were included in this population-based study. We used a flexible parametric model to estimate the trends in survival rate. Results Overall, 11,910 patients were identified of which 7,478 patients (62.8%) received surgical resection and 2,652 (22.3%) radiation only. The proportion of patients who received radiation only increased from 13.2% in 2007 to 28.0% in 2015 (P-for-trend <0.001). Survival increased for all treatment modalities from 2007 to 2015. The increase in 5-year survival was more than 20% for all surgical groups and more than 35% for radiation-only group. Conclusions The survival of patients with stage I NSCLC increased for all treatment modalities over the study period, most distinctly in elderly patients, which coincided with a rise in the use of radiation therapy. While surgical resection was associated with the best chance of 5-year survival, radiation therapy is a safe and effective treatment for medically inoperable patients with early disease.
A Polyclonal Spread Emerged: Characteristics of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from the Intensive Care Unit in a Chinese Tertiary Hospital

Abstract Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) isolates often cause nosocomial infections with limited therapeutic options and spread rapidly worldwide. In this study, we revealed a polyclonal emergence of CRKP isolates from the intensive care unit in a Chinese tertiary hospital. We applied a series of methods including automated screening, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, the modified carbapenem inacti vation method (mCIM), PCR amplification, DNA sequencing, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to characterize 30 non-duplicated CRKP isolates along with the collection of the related medical records. The results showed the polyclonal spread of CRKP isolates belonged to ST722, ST1446, ST111, ST896, ST290, and ST11. Among them, ST722 and ST1446 were two novel types of K. pneumoniae, and ST896 isolate harboring blaKPC-2 was also found for the first time. Since the polyclonal spread of CRKP in the same ward is rare, the silent clonal evolution with the switching genotypes prompts us to stay alert for outbreaks caused by novel subclones.