Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome on outcome in critically ill trauma patients*

ObjectiveAcute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are known to be associated with increased mortality and costs in trauma patients. We estimated the independent impact of these conditions on mortality and cost, beyond the severity of injury with which they are correlated. DesignOne-year prospective cohort. Patients and SettingAll trauma patients admitted to the intensive care unit in a level I center were evaluated daily for ALI/ARDS using the American-European Consensus Conference definition. Measurements and Main ResultsThe main outcome measures were hospital mortality and costs. Logistic regression was used to model hospital mortality in relation to the presence of ALI and ARDS, adjusting for trauma severity (Injury Severity Score), Acute Physiology Score, and age. Hospital costs were modeled using multivariable linear regression. Of the 1,296 trauma patients surviving beyond the first day, 4% experienced ALI (defined as Pao2/Fio2 of 201–300 mm Hg) and 12% had ARDS (Pao2/Fio2 ≤ 200 mm Hg). The crude relative risk of mortality was 2.24 (95% confidence interval, 0.92–5.45) in patients with ALI and 3.84 (95% confidence interval, 2.41–6.13) in patients with ARDS compared with those without ALI/ARDS. However, there was no association of mortality with ALI (relative risk, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.29–3.36) or with ARDS (relative risk, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 0.63–2.43) after adjustment for age, Injury Severity Score, and Acute Physiology Score. Among patients of comparable age, severity score, and length of stay, median cost was 20% to 30% higher for those with ALI/ARDS. ConclusionsThere is no additional mortality associated with ALI/ARDS above and beyond the factors that can be measured at intensive care unit admission. Therefore, mortality in trauma patients is explained by injury severity at admission and is not affected by the subsequent occurrence of ALI/ARDS. Nonetheless, ALI/ARDS was associated with increased intensive care unit stay and hospital cost, independent of trauma severity.
PRince: a web server for structural and physicochemical analysis of Protein-RNA interface

We have developed a web server, PRince, which analyzes the structural features and physicochemical properties of the protein–RNA interface. Users need to submit a PDB file containing the atomic coordinates of both the protein and the RNA molecules in complex form (in ‘.pdb’ format). They should also mention the chain identifiers of interacting protein and RNA molecules. The size of the protein–RNA interface is estimated by measuring the solvent accessible surface area buried in contact. For a given protein–RNA complex, PRince calculates structural, physicochemical and hydration properties of the interacting surfaces. All these parameters generated by the server are presented in a tabular format. The interacting surfaces can also be visualized with software plug-in like Jmol. In addition, the output files containing the list of the atomic coordinates of the interacting protein, RNA and interface water molecules can be downloaded. The parameters generated by PRince are novel, and users can correlate them with the experimentally determined biophysical and biochemical parameters for better understanding the specificity of the protein–RNA recognition process. This server will be continuously upgraded to include more parameters. PRince is publicly accessible and free for use. Available at http://www.facweb. iitkgp.ernet. in/~rbahadur/prince/home.html.
From Orthodoxy to Heterodoxy: Financial Crisis Literature Compared

Abstract In this paper we’ll attempt to explain the connection between interventionism in financial markets, financial crises and economic downturns, as the main cause of the financial crisis mainstream models; As well as the connection between the theories of Austrian and Minsky’s economic cycle as branches of heterodox economic theory. In order to achieve this target, we’ll begin with a brief introduction of mainstream financial crises models in the orthodox economic literature, then we’ll examine the statements of the Austrian Business Cycle Theory and the Financial Instability Hypothesis, and evaluate whether a connection between the two. We conclude that Financial Instability Hypothesis can be studied as a particular case of the Austrian Business Cycle Theory.
Current Status and Perspectives on Pharmacologic Therapy for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Background: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), a common disease involving the segmen-tal expansion and rupture of the aorta, has a high mortality rate. Therapeutic options for AAA are cur-rently limited to surgical repair to prevent catastrophic rupture. Non-surgical approaches, particularly pharmacotherapy, are lacking for the treatment of AAA. Objective: We review both basic and clinical studies and discuss the current challenges to developing medical therapy that reduces AAA progression. Results: Studies using animal models of AAA progression and human AAA explant cultures have identified several potential targets for preventing AAA growth. However, no clinical studies have con-vincingly confirmed the efficacy of any pharmacologic treatment against the growth of AAA. Thus, there is as yet no strong recommendation regarding pharmacotherapy to reduce the risk of AAA pro-gression and rupture. Conclusion: This review identifies concerns that need to be addressed for the field to progress and dis-cusses the challenges that must be overcome in order to develop effective pharmacotherapy to reduce AAA progression in the future.
Electron Capture, Hydrogen Release, and Enhanced Gain Degradation in Linear Bipolar Devices

We present evidence that enhanced low-dose-rate sensitivity (ELDRS) in lateral and substrate pnp bipolar devices can occur because of the much lower probability for electron capture by protons in SiO2, as compared to mobile or trapped holes. New experimental results and a critical evaluation of previous work demonstrate that, at high dose rates and/or in oxides with low concentrations of hydrogen, electrons can more easily neutralize slowly diffusing or metastably trapped holes via annihilation (recombination) or compensation (offsetting trapping) before the holes can release H+. In contrast, at low dose rates and/or in oxides with higher concentrations of hydrogen, which can react with and modify the structure of O-vacancy-related defects, it is more likely that holes can release H+ during transport. This is because the cross section for electron capture by H+ is several orders of magnitude smaller than the electron capture cross section for a slowly moving or metastably trapped hole. This enhanced proton release at low dose rates or in oxides with high hydrogen concentrations can lead to increased interface trap formation, which is the most common source of enhanced gain degradation in lateral and substrate pnp bipolar transistors.
Endogenous production of nitric oxide contributes to proliferation effect of vascular endothelial growth factor‐induced malignant melanoma cell

The objectives of this study were to observe the effect of overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on the proliferation of the malignant melanoma (MM) cell line A375, and to study the role of nitric oxide (NO) in this process and the mechanism of VEGF induced‐A375 cell proliferation. The VEGF165 cDNA was transfected into A375 cells by electroporation. VEGF mRNA and protein in A375 cells were detected by RT‐PCR and ELISA. The proliferation of A375 cells was assessed by cell counting and MTT assay. Protein expression of iNOS, eNOS and nNOS was detected by Western blotting. NO production in A375 cell supernatant was measured by the nitrate reductase method. VEGF mRNA in A375 cells was significantly increased 72 h and 96 h after transfection of VEGF165 cDNA, as were VEGF protein, NO and iNOS levels. However, protein expression of eNOS and nNOS was not detected in either transfected or untransfected cells. Proliferation of A375 cells transfected with VEGF165 cDNA was enhanced. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor l‐NAME could dose‐dependently inhibit the proliferation of A375 cells evoked by VEGF. These results indicate that VEGF enhances the expression of iNOS in A375 cells and results in an increase in NO formation, which may be important in the process of VEGF‐induced proliferation of A375 cells.
Regulation of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p21WAF1/Cip1/Sdi1 gene expression in hepatic regeneration

WAF1/Cip1/Sdi1 (p21) is the prototype of a family of proteins that inhibit cyclin‐dependent kinases and regulate cell cycle progression in eukaryotic cells. In addition to normal cell cycle progression, p21 is involved in growth suppression mediated by p53 and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), differentiation, and apoptosis. To gain insight into the possible involvement of p21 in liver cell growth, the expression and regulation of the p21 gene was evaluated in rodent models of liver regeneration and specimens of human liver diseases. Little p21 mRNA was detected in normal liver tissue. After growth stimulation in vivo by 70% partial hepatectomy (PH), the p21 transcript was upregulated in a biphasic manner, with enhanced expression during G1 phase and following S phase. The induction of p21 after PH was regulated primarily at the post‐transcriptional level and was due to enhanced mRNA stability. Inhibition of protein synthesis with cycloheximide rapidly induced p21 expression, primarily by post‐transcriptional stabilization of the transcript. Hepatic p21 mRNA was also induced by dietary protein deprivation in normal mice. Expression of the p21 gene after PH was similar in p53‐deficient (p53 ‐/‐) and wild‐type mice, but was p53‐dependent following protein deprivation. Primary hepatocytes in culture demonstrated increased p21 expression after treatment with hepatocyte growth factor, TGFβ, and activin A. p21 mRNA was upregulated in human liver diseases, suggesting a possible role in hepatic growth regulation in pathologic states. The present study demonstrates that p21 is regulated by p53‐dependent and ‐independent pathways in the liver, and is influenced by both mitogenic and growth inhibitory stimuli.
The Political Consequences of Outsider Labour Market Status in the United States: A Micro-level Study

This paper contributes to recent research that seeks to understand the political consequences of ‘outsider’ labour market status. There is an emerging consensus that labour market outsiders have systematically different policy preferences and display systematically different political behavior to securely employed ‘insiders’ in Europe. Yet the political consequences of outsider status in the United States are less clear. They may be expected to differ from those that have been documented in the European context, because 1) the US is characterized by low employment protection of insiders, and 2) there is evidence that Americans are more reluctant than Europeans to hold governments responsible for personal economic hardship. We therefore use the General Social Survey to examine how outsider labour market status is related to voting behavior and to social policy preferences in the United States. We find that the concept of ‘labour market outsider’ - as conventionally operationalized - holds little explanatory power in the American context. Disaggregating the outsider category, our results suggest that the political consequences of outsider labour market status may be contingent on individual beliefs about government responsibility.
Perceptions of Inclusion in the Eyes of Students: A Canadian Perspective

This paper centers on students’ perceptions of an inclusionary approach to education within Canada, specifically as it applies to students with learning disabilities. Perceptions of inclusion may have wide-ranging implications, including the extent of carrying out prosocial behavior and impacts on academic achievement. Thus, we review Canadian literature on inclusive education policy, followed by students’ perceptions of inclusion, the outcomes of positive perceptions, and methods to achieve successful inclusion. Next, we provide recommendations for researchers and educators that will lead to positive perceptions of inclusion among students. Positive perceptions, in turn, support the development of global citizens, a necessity in today’s diverse and internationally interconnected society.
Tuboovarian Abscess: A Postoperative Complication of Endometrial Ablation

BACKGROUND: Global endometrial ablation may be associated with serious complications. CASE: We present a case of bilateral tuboovarian abscesses that developed 50 days postoperatively after a thermal ablation. The patient underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. CONCLUSION: Infectious morbidity is known to occur after thermal endometrial ablation. Further investigation is required into ways of reducing the risks of endometrial ablation.
Cell Wall Thickening Is a Common Feature of Vancomycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus

ABSTRACT We have previously shown that a thickened cell wall is responsible for the vancomycin resistance of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) (equivalent to vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus and glycopeptide-intermediate S. aureus) strain Mu50 (L. Cui, H. Murakami, K. Kuwahara-Arai, H. Hanaki, and K. Hiramatsu, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:2276-2285, 2000). However, the mechanism of vancomycin resistance in other VRSA strains remained unclear. In this study, 16 clinical VRSA strains from seven countries were subjected to serial daily passage in drug-free medium. After 10 to 84 days of passage in the nonselective medium, passage-derived strains with decreased MICs of vancomycin (MIC, <4 mg/liter) were obtained. However, all of the passage-derived strains except one (15 of 16) still possessed subpopulations that were resistant to vancomycin as judged by population analysis, and vancomycin-resistant mutant strains were selected from the passage-derived strains by one-step vancomycin selection with a frequency of 4.25 × 10−6 to 1.64 × 10−3. The data indicated that vancomycin-resistant cells are frequently generated from the passage-derived strains even after vancomycin selective pressure is lifted. Cell wall thicknesses and MICs of glycopeptides (vancomycin and teicoplanin) and beta-lactams (imipenem and oxacillin) were determined for a total of 48 strains, including 15 sets of three strains: the clinical VRSA strain, the passage-derived strain, and the vancomycin-resistant mutant strain obtained from the passage-derived strain. No simple correlation between glycopeptide and beta-lactam MICs was seen, while significant correlations between MICs of vancomycin and teicoplanin (r = 0.679; P < 0.001) and between MICs of imipenem and oxacillin (r = 0.787; P < 0.001) were recognized. Moreover, all of the VRSA strains had significantly thickened cell walls, which became thinner with the loss of vancomycin resistance during drug-free passages and again became thick in the resistant mutant strains. The data showed that cell wall thickness had high correlation with the MICs of the two glycopeptides (correlation coefficients, 0.908 for vancomycin and 0.655 for teicoplanin) but not with those of the beta-lactam antibiotics tested. These results together with coupled changes of cell wall thickness and vancomycin MICs in 16 isogenic sets of strains indicate that thickening of the cell wall is a common phenotype of clinical VRSA strains and may be a phenotypic determinant for vancomycin resistance in S. aureus.
Chemical and physical aspects of charge transfer in the fluorescence intermittency of single molecules and quantum dots

We propose a synthetic view of the blinking of single molecules and single semiconductor nanocrystals, in which chemical and physical viewpoints play equally useful and important parts. The initial steps of charge transfer involve photophysical and physical processes. Trapping and stabilization of the separated charges are quick processes which can be described in physical terms, but which often lead to new chemical species. This is in particular true in fluid solutions, where many chemical and redox reactions become possible. Recent work has demonstrated how the addition of both oxidizing and reducing agents in the solution can help control the blinking rates of dye molecules and improve their photostability.
Discovery of Powerful Gamma-Ray Flares from the Crab Nebula

Gamma-ray observations of the Crab Nebula by two different space telescopes challenge particle acceleration theory. The well-known Crab Nebula is at the center of the SN1054 supernova remnant. It consists of a rotationally powered pulsar interacting with a surrounding nebula through a relativistic particle wind. The emissions originating from the pulsar and nebula have been considered to be essentially stable. Here, we report the detection of strong gamma-ray (100 mega–electron volts to 10 giga–electron volts) flares observed by the AGILE satellite in September 2010 and October 2007. In both cases, the total gamma-ray flux increased by a factor of three compared with the non-flaring flux. The flare luminosity and short time scale favor an origin near the pulsar, and we discuss Chandra Observatory x-ray and Hubble Space Telescope optical follow-up observations of the nebula. Our observations challenge standard models of nebular emission and require power-law acceleration by shock-driven plasma wave turbulence within an approximately 1-day time scale.
Study of the Imaging Performance for a Noncollinear Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter

The imaging performance is a main factor for consideration in the acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) design. In this letter, on the basis of an accurate noncollinear acousto-optic interaction relationship, a design of the dispersion compensation for a noncollinear AOTF is developed. And the factors that influence the dispersion compensation are analyzed. The design is significant to improve the imaging performance of AOTF.
Integrated vector management guidelines for adult mosquitoes.

A written document was developed to clarify the District's adult mosquito-management tactics to other interested individuals and agencies. The program described consists of 7 discrete components: 1) initiation criteria, 2) treatment area delineation, 3) agricultural and land-use practices, 4) meteorological conditions, 5) continuance criteria, 6) termination criteria, and 7) factors influencing implementation. The guidelines were adopted as policy by the District's Board of Trustees in 1998 and have been implemented in each of the last 5 years. The adult mosquito population is monitored with 6 Mosquito Magnets traps strategically located in the rice culture areas. Samples are collected daily and laboratory technicians notify the Adulticide/Airplane Coordinator of collection results before 1:00 p.m.
High-Resolution Mapping of Freeze / Thaw Status in China via Fusion of MODIS and AMSR 2 Data

Transition of freeze/thaw (F/T) affects land-atmospheric interactions and other biospheric dynamics. Global F/T statuses are normally monitored using microwave remote sensing, but at coarse resolutions (e.g., 25 km). Integration of coarse microwave remote sensing data with finer satellite products represents an opportunity to further enhance our ability to map F/T statuses regionally and globally. Here, we implemented and tested an approach to generate daily F/T status maps at a 5-km spatial resolution through the fusion of passive microwave data from AMSR2 and land surface temperature products from MODIS, using China as our study area for the year 2013 and 2014. Moreover, possible influences from elevation, vegetation, seasonality, etc., were also analyzed, as such analysis provides a direction to improve the approach. Overall, our freeze/thaw maps agreed well with ground reference observations, with an accuracy of ~86.6%. The new F/T maps helped to identify regions subject to frequent F/T transitions through the year, such as the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Xinjiang, Gansu, Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning Province. This study indicates that the combination of AMSR2 and MODIS observations provides an effective method to obtain finer F/T maps (5-km or lower) for extensive regions. The finer F/T maps improve our knowledge of the F/T state detected by satellite remote sensing, and have a wide range of applications in regional studies considering land surface heterogeneity and models (e.g., community land models).
Targeting Lewis Y (Ley) in Small Cell Lung Cancer with a Humanized Monoclonal Antibody, hu3S193: A Pilot Trial Testing Two Dose Levels

Introduction: Lewis Y (Ley) is a blood group antigen with robust expression on the surface of epithelial tumors, including small cell lung cancer (SCLC), making it a potential target for antibody-based immunotherapy. 3S193, an immunoglobulin G3 monoclonal antibody, has demonstrated superior specificity, affinity, and cytotoxicity over other anti-Ley antibodies. A phase I trial of humanized 3S193 (hu3S193) with dosing up to 40 mg/m2 demonstrated tumor targeting without serious toxicities or the development of human anti-human antibodies. Methods: We tested the targeting and pharmacokinetics of hu3S193 in patients with SCLC. Eligibility required progressive SCLC treated with up to three previous chemotherapy regimens, measurable disease not previously irradiated, and tumor samples positive for 3S193 by immunohistochemistry. Patients received four weekly injections of hu3S193, five patients at 10 mg/m2 and five patients at 20 mg/m2. The first and fourth injections were radiolabeled with indium-111 for gamma camera imaging. Results: Of 40 patients screened, 25 of 34 (74%) assessable SCLC tumor samples were 3S193 positive by immunohistochemistry. Ten patients were treated with hu3S193; nine completed all four injections. All fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid lesions >2 cm were visualized on antibody single-photon emission computed tomography. Some lesions overlying vascular structures could not be visualized. No difference was noted in imaging or pharmacokinetics between the first and fourth injections. Toxicities included grade 2 urticaria (n = 1), grade 1 vomiting (n = 2), and grade 2 hypertension (n = 1) transiently after infusion at the higher dose. Conclusions: Given the strong tumor targeting, particularly at the higher dose, the favorable toxicity profile, and the potential for immunomodulatory effects, hu3S193 warrants further investigation in SCLC.
Differentially Expressed MicroRNAs in Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cells

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze and identify pancreatic cancer stem cell-specific microRNAs (miRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) to investigate their correlations to cancer stem cell biology. Methods: We used sphere cultivation methods to enrich the stem cell population and analyzed overall miRNA and mRNA expressions using microarray analysis. Results: Differentially expressed miRNAs including miR-99a, miR-100, miR-125b, miR-192, and miR-429 were detected in pancreatic cancer stem cells. Furthermore, examining both profiles, we obtained 210 miRNAs and 258 stem cell-associated mRNAs that were differentially expressed in the pancreatic cancer stem cells. These miRNAs and mRNAs were further investigated using cross-correlation analysis, which yielded 6 groups of miRNAs and 3 groups of mRNAs. The number of miRNA clusters and mRNA clusters showed high correlation based on microarray result. Conclusions: Differentially expressed miRNAs in pancreatic cancer stem cells provide insights into possible linkages between clusters of miRNAs and clusters of stem cell-associated mRNAs in cancer stem cells and have broad implications in our understanding of cancer stem cells and cancer stem cell-targeted cancer therapy.