Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ISOLATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE OF CAMPYLOBACTER SPP. FROM CHICKEN FAECAL SAMPLES IN KHON KAEN AND NEARBY PROVINCE OF THAILAND

Among 567 faecal samples collected from 2 broiler companies during January to April, 2003, 240 samples were positive for Campylobacter spp. and the overall incidence rate was 42.33%. Old age broilers (aged 40 ± 5 days) in company A were found heavily contaminated (57.50+97.50%) and 2.50+90.50% were infected in com pany B. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determinations were conducted on 5 drugs for human medicine namely azithromycin (AZ), doxycycline (DC), ciprofloxacin (CI), chloramphenicol (CL) and ceftazidime (TZ), by E+test strips. Among Campylobacter isolates tested, there were 52 C. jejuni isolates, 12 C. coli isolates, 16 Campylobacter spp. isolates, and 1 isolate of mix+contamination (Cj/Cc), respectively. AZ resistance ( ≥2 �g/ml as resistance) is minimal i.e. 6.94% (5/72). In addition, 90.54% (67/74) of the isolates tested were susceptible and only 9.46% of the isolates tested were found resistance (≥ 4 �g/ml) to DC. More resistant of Campylobacter spp. was found in the case of CI i.e. 30.67% (23/75). None of the isolates tested were resistant to neither CL nor TZ ( ≥ 32 �g/ml as resistance, both). Moreover, co + resistant to DC+CI and AZ+CI were encountered in 3 isolates and 1 isolate from one farm in Mahasarakam and Khon Kaen province, respectively. Farm in Mahasarakam province had highest co + resistant isolates. This study noted that CI resistance was significantly increased ( p < 0.001) with the age of broilers. Chiang Mai Veterinary Journal 2009;7(2):1158124.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH GROWTH OF NESTLING PROTHONOTARY WARBLERS

Abstract The Prothonotary Warbler (Protonotaria citrea) is the only wood warbler in the eastern United States that nests in cavities. It readily accepts nest boxes in lieu of natural breeding sites and therefore provides an excellent model for tests of ecological factors associated with reproductive success. During 1987, 300 nest boxes were placed along a 30-km transect along the tidal James River in eastern Virginia, and these nest boxes have been monitored every year through 2000. During the 1999 and 2000 breeding seasons, we collected 2910 measurements of nestling mass, and recorded ages of parental females, dates of clutch initiation and hatching, brood sizes, and the number of young that survived to fledging. Multivariate analysis of variance indicates that nestling mass was a significant function of brood size, hatching date, age of the female, and year, even when the effects of all independent variables were considered simultaneously. Growth rate and fledging mass were significantly lower in larger broods. Two- to three-year-old females fledged nestlings with greater mass than one-year-old females and females older than three years. Frequency of handling nestlings was not significantly associated with changes in their mass. Ambient temperature of the study area during the breeding season was significantly colder during 1999 than during 2000. Growth rate, fledging mass, and rate of survival of nestlings to fledging were lower during 1999 than during 2000. Growth of nestling birds was related to a large suite of intrinsic variables, but application of growth data to environmental concerns requires knowledge of both demographic and ecological factors.
The First Confirmed Record of the Leafminer Phytomyza rufipes (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in the United States

Abstract Phytomyza rufipes Meigen (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is a leafmining pest of Brassicaceae in Europe and other regions of the world. Once reported from Oregon in the United States, this record has since been found to be a misidentification. Here we report P. rufipes for the first time from California. We compare mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase sequences of two specimens from California and one specimen from Lithuania. The two sequences from California specimens were identical and only a single nucleotide different from the Lithuanian specimen. This pattern is consistent with previous suggestions that New World populations of P. rufipes are the result of introductions. We provide information for the identification of P. rupifes using existing keys and for its discrimination from other Phytomyza in the United States.
Ribotype Classification of Clostridioides difficile Isolates Is Not Predictive of the Amino Acid Sequence Diversity of the Toxin Virulence Factors TcdA and TcdB

Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile is the most commonly recognized cause of infectious diarrhea in healthcare settings. Currently there is no vaccine to prevent initial or recurrent C. difficile infection (CDI). Two large clostridial toxins, TcdA and TcdB, are the primary virulence factors for CDI. Immunological approaches to prevent CDI include antibody-mediated neutralization of the cytotoxicity of these toxins. An understanding of the sequence diversity of the two toxins expressed by disease causing isolates is critical for the interpretation of the immune response to the toxins. In this study, we determined the whole genome sequence (WGS) of 478 C. difficile isolates collected in 12 countries between 2004 and 2018 to probe toxin variant diversity. A total of 44 unique TcdA variants and 37 unique TcdB variants were identified. The amino acid sequence conservation among the TcdA variants (≥98%) is considerably greater than among the TcdB variants (as low as 86.1%), suggesting that different selection pressures may have contributed to the evolution of the two toxins. Phylogenomic analysis of the WGS data demonstrate that isolates grouped together based on ribotype or MLST code for multiple different toxin variants. These findings illustrate the importance of determining not only the ribotype but also the toxin sequence when evaluating strain coverage using vaccine strategies that target these virulence factors. We recommend that toxin variant type and sequence type (ST), be used together with ribotype data to provide a more comprehensive strain classification scheme for C. difficile surveillance during vaccine development objectives.
Development and Implementation of a Long-term Agricultural Systems Study: Challenges and Opportunities

The Center for Environmental Farming Systems (CEFS) is dedicated to farming systems that are environmentally, economically, and socially sustainable. Established in 1994 at the North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (NCDACS) Cherry Farm near Goldsboro, N.C. ; CEFS operations extend over a land area of about 800 ha (2000 acres) [400 ha (1000 acres) cleared]. This unique center is a partnership among North Carolina State University (NCSU), North Carolina Agriculture and Technical State University (NCATSU), NCDACS, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), other state and federal agencies, farmers and citizens. Long-term approaches that integrate the broad range of factors involved in agricultural systems are the focus of the Farming Systems Research Unit. The goal is to provide the empirical framework to address landscape-scale issues that impact long-run sustainability of North Carolina’s agriculture. To this end, data collection and analyses include soil parameters (biological, chemical, physical), pests and predators (weeds, insects and disease), crop factors (growth, yield, and quality), economic factors, and energy issues. Five systems are being compared: a successional ecosystem, a plantation forestry–woodlot, an integrated crop–animal production system, an organic production system, and a cash-grain [best management practice (BMP)] cropping system. An interdisciplinary team of scientists
Reconstruction of Solanaceae Phylogeny Using the Nuclear Gene SAMT

Abstract The nuclear gene SAMT—salicylic acid methyltransferase—is a novel phylogenetic marker that was isolated using RT-PCR in order to estimate intergeneric relationships within the Solanaceae. SAMT catalyzes the formation of the volatile compound methyl salicylate, which is an important secondary metabolite for both pathogen defense and floral fragrance in this family. Relationships inferred with SAMT cDNA sequences are mostly congruent with previous cpDNA estimates, which not only increases our confidence in Solanaceae phylogeny, but indicates that paralogy and lineage sorting appear not to be severe for this nuclear gene at this phylogenetic level. Relationships observed with SAMT include Schizanthus as sister to the rest of the family. The second branch was Schwenckioideae + Cestroideae. The final two lineages were Petunioideae sister to the x=12 clade, which includes Nicotianoideae + Solanoideae. Although mostly congruent, one important phylogenetic difference between previous cpDNA and nuclear SAMT phylogenetic estimates is noted. Nicandra and Exodeconus are not supported as sister taxa; rather, Exodeconus is near the base of the Solanoideae while Nicandra appears to belong to a lineage that includes Physalis, Capsicum, Solanum, and Datura. The results obtained in this study indicate that expanded sampling of taxa for SAMT and the study of additional nuclear gene sequences in conjunction with cpDNA will be valuable towards improving our understanding of Solanaceae phylogeny.
Chemical Analysis and Nutritional Assessment of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (Jack Fruit) Defatted Seeds used as Additive in Feed for Clarias gariepinus post juveniles

A 49-day feeding trial was carried out with feeds supplemented with microgram quantities of the defatted seeds of Artocarpus heterophyllus in the diets of Clarias gariepinus at the post juveinile stage. Five diets at 40% crude protein were formulated containing 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60x10 6 µg DAH seed as additive. Each dietary treatment was replicated three times with 10 fish per replicate. Proximate composition of the defatted seed showed that it was rich in protein, carbohydrate and minerals. Fish on DAH-supplementd diets had better survival rates than the control. Haematology, plasma biochemistry and gross tissue examination were also carried out. No significant differences (p<0.05) were observed between the fish on DAH-containing treatments and the control. There might be need to further process and test defatted A. heterophyllus seeds as either probiotic or prebiotic on young fish for longer periods in order to take advantage of its rich supply of nutrients. (Olaifa, F.E. Ajayi, I.A, Raji, I.O. Chemical Analysis and Nutritional Assessment of Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (Jack Fruit) Defatted Seeds used as Additive in Feed for Clarias gariepinus post juveniles. J Am Sci 2013;9(8):128-135). (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience. org . 19
Dietary Energy Source and Supplements in Broiler Diets Containing Defatted Rice Bran

SUMMARY Increasing the concentration of defatted rice bran (DRB) in the diet will increase the concentration of energy sources such as fat (oil) and carbohydrate because DRB contains relatively lower energy compared with the most common energy source, grain (corn). An experiment with broiler chicks was conducted to determine the influence of a high level of fat versus a high level of carbohydrate on the nutritional value of a diet containing 30% DRB. In order to improve the digestibility of fat and to anticipate the negative effect of increasing the concentration of nonstarch polysaccharide in the DRB during the early age of broiler chicks, two supplements [a bile salt (sodium taurocholate) or a fiber-degrading mixture of enzymes (Grindazyme GP 5000)] were included. The protein and fat digestibilities and MEn value were greater with high-fat diets compared with high-carbohydrate diets. These effects of the high-fat diet were reflected in superior growth and feed intake of chicks from 1 to 14 d of age. The supplementation of the DRB diets with the bile salt was of greater benefit for chick performance than the inclusion of a mixture of fiber-degrading enzymes, especially with high-fat diets.
Keeping pace with climate change in global terrestrial protected areas

Climatic representation in protected areas—and not just the amount—is critical to safeguarding biodiversity under climate change. Protected areas (PAs) are essential to biodiversity conservation, but their static boundaries may undermine their potential for protecting species under climate change. We assessed how the climatic conditions within global terrestrial PAs may change over time. By 2070, protection is expected to decline in cold and warm climates and increase in cool and hot climates over a wide range of precipitation. Most countries are expected to fail to protect >90% of their available climate at current levels. The evenness of climatic representation under protection—not the amount of area protected—positively influenced the retention of climatic conditions under protection. On average, protection retention would increase by ~118% if countries doubled their climatic representativeness under protection or by ~102% if countries collectively reduced emissions in accordance with global targets. Therefore, alongside adoption of mitigation policies, adaptation policies that improve the complementarity of climatic conditions within PAs will help countries safeguard biodiversity.
Status of Anadaratrapezia (Deshayes) (Bivalvia: Arcoida) from Oyster Harbour, Albany (Western Australia) as compared with east Australian populations

A study of allozyrnes of the arcoid Anadara trapezia was carried out to estimate the degree of divergence associated with the temporal and geographical isolation of the southwestern Australian population from the east Australian population. A survey of electrophoretic variation at 27 putative loci coding for enzymes revealed no evidence of divergence or speciation of the Western Australian population. At all surveyed loci in all sample sets, the same most common alleles were found. Questions are raised regarding the geological time of separation of those populations. Could the time span have been more recent than paleogeological records suggest or is this species made up of a set of well adapted gene complexes that have been stable for ,thousands of years? 1975), despite an attempt to reintroduce A. trapezia in Gulf St Vincent in 1956. The eastern and western population can be considered isolated from one another at the present time. The Quaternary was a period of enormous change. The dramatic changes in climate were accompanied by large fluctuations in sea level, temperature and circulation. These processes resulted in the repeated production and removal of geographic barriers between the populations of temperate eastern and western Australia. Such conditions are believed to favour speciation (Heatwole 1987).
Larval Performance and Association Within and Between Two Species of Hackberry Nipple Gall Insects, Pachypsylla spp. (Homoptera: Psyllidae)

Abstract We studied patterns of association within and between two species of Pachypsylla gall insects (P. celtidismamma and P. sp. A) on hackberry (Celtis occidentalis L.) trees in eastern Iowa. Pachypsylla is a recently radiating clade of jumping plant lice (Homoptera: Psyllidae). Exploitative competition has been invoked to account for niche diversification in Pachypsylla as new lineages switched from leaves to feeding on different plant parts. Our results suggest that competition did not drive diversification, but could have reinforced it. Focal P. celtidismamma gallmakers grew larger when they shared a leaf with more conspecific gallmakers, which is consistent with intraspecific facilitation. Facilitation may result because gallmaker aggregations act as physiological sinks for photosynthate originating elsewhere in the plant. Pachypsylla celtidismamma gallmakers were smaller when they shared their gall with more Pachypsylla sp. A, which live as inquilines inside P. celtidismamma galls; this is consistent with the occurrence of interspecific competition. At spatial scales larger than a single leaf, we detected no significant relationships between larval densities and performance.
Honey Bees: The Columbus of the Insect World

It is difficult to imagine the use of a tiny insect brain to the complex field of neuroscience when we only think of honey bees as little insects that buzz around. What we do not consider is how do they know where they are going? Do they simply fly around and land on any flower that takes their fancy? When thought of in this light the small world of the honey bee becomes very interesting. The main objectives of my investigation were to establish how the honey bee is able to navigate successfully in its environment, and whether their ability to learn would make a good model of spatial learning.
Association of Trp53 arg72pro polymorphic variants with breast cancer - a case control study in south Indian population

The common single nucleotide polymorphism at Trp53 codon 72 is extensively analysed for its association with breast cancer, but conflicting evidences were obtained. We tested the hypothesis that the SNP at Trp53 codon 72 contributes to the development of breast cancer. Using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method, the genotype and allele distribution of the Trp53 codon 72 was determined among breast cancer patients (n=35) and healthy normal controls (n=37). Genotypic analysis revealed that the heterozygous (arg/pro) individuals were higher among breast cancer patients than in the controls. Overall, although there was no statistically significant difference in the allelic and genotypic distribution, higher number of arg allele was observed in breast cancer patients when compared to the controls suggesting that the arg allele may be associated with predisposing women to breast cancer.
Sexual Dimorphism in Distance from Cover but Not Escape Behavior by the Keeled Earless Lizard Holbrookia propinqua

Abstract Potential sexual dimorphism of several aspects of antipredatory behavior by the Keeled Earless Lizard (Holbrookia propinqua) was studied by simulating approach by a predator. Females stayed closer to cover suitable for use as refuges than males, but no sex differences were detected in the distance between predator and prey when escape was initiated, the distance fled, or the tendency to enter refuges. Despite the sex difference in distance to cover, the regressions of flight initiation distance and distance fled on distance to cover were monomorphic. The sexes fled similar mean distances even though females were closer to refuges because some lizards stopped short of refuges and others fled past them. No differences in antipredatory behavior were noted between bright and plain female color phases.
PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF NEOTOMINE–PEROMYSCINE RODENTS: BASED ON DNA SEQUENCES FROM THE MITOCHONDRIAL CYTOCHROME-b GENE

Abstract DNA sequences obtained from the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene were used to evaluate phylogenetic relationships among 15 genera of putative neotomine–peromyscine rodents. Tree topologies obtained from maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses revealed 4 primary clades that, in general, conform to the 4 tribes proposed by Carleton (1980). The Peromyscini (Megadontomys, Ochrotomys, Osgoodomys, Peromyscus, and Reithrodontomys) was sister to the Neotomini (Hodomys, Neotoma, Onychomys, and Xenomys). These 2 clades were then joined by the Baiomyini (Baiomys and Scotinomys) and Tylomyini (Nyctomys, Ototylomys, and Tylomys). The most apparent departure from previously proposed arrangements involved the placement of Onychomys in the Neotomini instead of the Peromyscini.
Growth performance of three broiler strains in winter seasons in Bangladesh

This study was conducted with a total number of 135 day old broiler chicks were collected from the two breeding hatcheries in Bangladesh. The chicks were placed in an open poultry shed and exposed in winter season. There were three strains Cobb-500, Hubbard Classic and Arbor Acres, 45 of each strain divided 3 groups with 3 replications 15 broilers per pen. The feed intake at first and third weeks of age revealed that highly significant difference (P 0.05) in live weight among the three broiler strains in winter season. In third weeks the significant difference (P 0.05) of mortality. The dressing percentage differed highly significant (P<0.001) in winter at fourth weeks of age. It’s concluded that Hubbard Classic may perform the best in winter than Cobb500 and Arbor Acres due to dressing yield. Arbor Acres of the later two strains may also be recommended for commercial production on the basis of FCR.
Ultra-fast electronic pulse control at cryogenic temperatures

Synchronisation ultra-rapide, mise en forme d’impulsions et commutation efficace sont au cœur des mesures precises. L’objectif de ce projet de these est d’apporter le controle electronique ultra-rapide aux circuits nanometriques refroidis a des temperatures de l’ordre du mK. L’operation quantique rapide rapprochera le domaine de l’optique electronique quantique de son homologue photonique avec des applications pour un controle electronique rapide et efficace des dispositifs quantiques. Les dispositifs experimentaux developpes au cours de ce projet de these sont decrits et testes de maniere a esquisser egalement les possibilites d’integration dans les technologies quantiques. Dans un premier temps, une impulsion de tension de forme lorentzienne Γ = (76 ± 2) ps est mesuree de maniere resolue dans le domaine temporel a des temperatures cryogeniques. Ensuite, les derives de phase et d’amplitude sont analysees et optimise avec le spectre de bruit. Un nouveau dispositif de generation d’impulsions utilisant un generateur de peigne est ensuite decrit et teste. Enfin, un futur realisation d’une experience d’interference quantique par manipulation et detection dans un conducteur quantique est decrite, de meme que les defis poses pour les dispositives quantiques a basse temperature et ses interconnexions.