Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design and Development of Three Phase Permanent Magnet Brushless DC (PM BLDC) Motor for Variable Speed

A major part of the power consumption in the low-wattage reciprocating compressors, used for household refrigeration units, is associated with the motor. A variable speed compressor as opposed to a single speed compressor is known to provide energy savings due to its ability to match the load demand from the pump more closely to the power delivered by the pump. The current article presents an overview of the design and optimization methodology for a variable-speed, three-phase PM BLDC motor. The design is evaluated for a four pole configuration with operating frequencies ranging from 66.66Hz all the way up to 150 Hz. A finite element tool to determine performance of the PM BLDC motor with different design parameters like magnet arc lengths and thickness, number of stator slots, Back EMF wave shape, skewing etc. is developed. This model is then used for obtaining dimensions for the most efficient motor design. A PMBLDC motor model based with-sensor and sensorless control strategy is developed for operating the motor at the desired speed while delivering the torquedemand to the pump over the desired speed range. The novel feature of the analytical model is how the results of the prior mentioned FE tool are leveraged. The back EMF wave shape is not idealized as a trapezoidal waveform. Instead the back EMF is calculated from an accurate FE model and this data is used to determine the generated voltage in the analytical model. This ensures a quick (relative to Finite Element simulation) yet accurate simulation. The algorithm is to be implemented on a dsPIC30F6010A microcontroller. Finally, load tests would be performed on a dynamometer to evaluate the performance of the motor over the entire speed and load ranges to ensure it conforms to the design and operational requirements.
Risk factors for Salmonella prevalence in laying-hen farms in Japan

SUMMARY Human salmonellosis cases, particularly those caused by Salmonella Enteritidis, have been closely linked to egg consumption. This epidemiological survey was conducted to determine the baseline Salmonella prevalence and identify the risk factors for Salmonella prevalence in laying-hen farms in Japan. Caecal excrement samples and dust samples were obtained from 400 flocks in 338 laying-hen farms. Salmonella was identified in 20·7% of the farms and 19·5% of the flocks. The prevalence of Salmonella was significantly higher in flocks reared in windowless houses than in those reared in open houses. In addition, the risk of Salmonella presence was significantly higher when the windowless house farms implemented induced moulting or in-line egg processing. Efforts to reduce human salmonellosis in Japan should continue to focus on the establishment of control measures in laying-hen farms, especially those with windowless houses implementing induced moulting and equipped with in-line egg processing.
Comparative study of the harmonic impact of different plug-in electric vehicles and charging stations — A Brazilian case study

This paper studies the impact of different plug-in electric vehicles on network harmonic distortions, both at low frequencies and at high frequencies. Extensive measurements have been conducted in four different EVs (both regular passenger vehicles and electric buses), charged through different stations. Fast and slow, commercial and residential charging events were monitored. The collected set of measurements has shown that EV charging does have an impact on harmonic distortion levels. At low frequencies, harmonic voltages are below 4.0% and, therefore, EV impact is limited and unlikely to cause violations of harmonic distortion limits established in the Brazilian regulation (i.e., 10%). At high frequencies, voltage distortions of up to 1.0% of 60 Hz voltage were observed; however, the results are still preliminary and do not offer a reliable conclusion on whether such distortions have the potential to become a concern for utilities or not.
On the coevolution of cognition and consciousness.

In this article it is argued that an evolutionary perspective leads to the view that adaptation and learning is a widespread and old property of living organisms, even as old as life itself. Cognition, defined as knowledge processing mediated by a centralised nervous system, is suggested mainly to be based on the same principles as non-neural adaptive processes. The emergence of conscious cognition, however, is seen as a major transition in the evolution of life, although it appears in different degrees and at various stages in evolution. Both cognition and consciousness depend on the organisation and complexity of the organism, primarily with regard to the nervous system. Computational and neurophysiological approaches are discussed, in particular some experimental attempts to determine anatomical, physiological and physical correlates to consciousness. It is argued that an evolutionary perspective suggests an interactionistic solution to the mind-brain problem, i.e. the question of subjective experience. In an interactionistic perspective consciousness can be understandable as a biological phenomenon. It can be regarded as a driving force in evolution, amplifying and improving the adaptive and cognitive processes of an organism.
Thoughts and Acts of Aggression/Violence Toward Others Reported in Association with Varenicline

Background: Thoughts and acts of aggression/violence toward others have been reported in postmarketing surveillance of varenicline, an aid to smoking cessation. Objective: To identify the common characteristics of these thoughts and acts of aggression/violence toward others and assess the likely relationship to varenicline treatment. Methods: We obtained 78 adverse event reports from the Food and Drug Administration MedWatch database containing medical terms describing possible acts or thoughts of aggression/violence; 4 additional cases were reported in clinical trials, and 3 others came from the published literature. We used psychiatric diagnostic criteria and an adverse event causality assessment tool to identify 26 case reports for study. Results: The selected cases described 10 events with assault, 9 cases of homicidal ideation, and 7 cases of other thoughts or acts of aggression/violence. The most frequent common characteristics were (1) inexplicable and unprovoked event, (2) the victim was anyone nearby, (3) no indication of a prior history of similar behavior in the patient, and (4) early onset of psychiatric adverse effects, often before stopping smoking. Where dechaltenge/rechalfenge information was available, psychiatric adverse effects resolved in 13/14 (93%) cases after discontinuation. Conclusions: The clear temporal relationship, lack of prior history of this behavior, and unusual nature of these events strengthens the accumulating scientific evidence that varenicline is associated with thoughts and acts of aggression/violence. We recommend that physicians and pharmacists ensure that all patients are informed of possible psychiatric symptoms of varenicline, including violent and aggressive thoughts. All patients should be advised to contact a heafth-care provider immediately if these symptoms occur and varenicline should be discontinued without delay.
[Analysis of the characteristics and clinical diagnosis and treatment of avulsion fracture of the lateral edge of tibial plateau].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the characteristics and clinical treatment of avulsion fracture of the lateral edge of tibial plateau(segond fracture) in knee joint injuries. METHODS From January 2011 and December 2015, 29 patients with Segond fracture were treated with minimally invasive arthroscopy technology in intra-articular injuries combined with double anchor nail fixation in avulsion fracture of the lateral edge of tibial plateau, including 17 males and 12 females with an average age of 41 years old ranging from 27 to 62 years old. Among them, there were 20 cases of anterior cruciate ligament rupture (ACL rupture) involving the anterior cruciate ligament tibial eminence avulsion fracture included, 3 cases of posterior cruciate ligament rupture (PCL rupture), 1 case of ACL rupture combined with PCL rupture, 3 cases of medial collateral ligament tear, and 2 cases combined fractures of tibial plateau (1 case of the medial platform fractures and 1 cases of lateral fracture). All the patients were confirmed by X-rays, CT and MRI. The procedures were performed at 5 to 14 days after the injury(means 7 days). Lysholm scores were used to assess the knee function before and after the operation. RESULTS The operation time was 40 to 125 minutes (means 85 minutes), the intraoperative blood loss was 10 to 30 ml (means 15 ml). All paients were followed up for 12 to 18 months(means 14 months). The Lysholm scores were significantly improved from preoperative 52.0±4.2 to 91.9±1.4(t=-49.24, P<0.05). The results of drawer test, Lachman test and lateral stress test were negative in all 29 cases, all the fractures of 29 patients were bony union. CONCLUSIONS The avulsion fracture of the lateral tibial plateau suggests that there are knee joint static and stable structures(joint ligament, joint capsule, meniscus, et al) and even intra articular fractures. Therefore, besides conventional imaging examinations, arthroscopic exploration was also necessary to avoid misdiagnose and provide comprehensive assessments and treatment. This can create favorable conditions for the knee joint function restore maximum.
Electromyographic facial nerve monitoring during resection for acoustic neurinoma under moderate to profound levels of peripheral neuromuscular blockade.

The facial nerve is monitored intra-operatively using electromyography to identify and prevent damage during the excision of an acoustic neurinoma. In order to determine whether a profound level of peripheral neuromuscular blockade could be achieved without compromising facial electromyographic monitoring, 11 patients undergoing resection of acoustic neurinoma were studied. After induction of anaesthesia, an infusion of atracurium was administered to reduce the integrated electrically evoked muscle potential (EEMP) of the hypothenar eminence by 70-100%. The facial nerve was directly stimulated in the surgical field and the facial evoked muscle potentials (EMPs) were recorded. Even under complete peripheral neuromuscular blockade (i.e. no electrically evoked muscle potential measurable over the hypothenar eminence, no palpable hypothenar muscle response) it was possible to evoke facial muscle electromyographic responses by stimulation of the facial nerve.
Unsupervised Satellite Image Classification Using Markov Field Topic Model

Recently, the combination of topic models and random fields has been frequently and successfully applied to image classification due to their complementary effect. However, the number of classes is usually needed to be assigned manually. This letter presents an efficient unsupervised semantic classification method for high-resolution satellite images. We add label cost, which can penalize a solution based on a set of labels that appear in it by optimization of energy, to the random fields of latent topics, and an iterative algorithm is thereby proposed to make the number of classes finally be converged to an appropriate level. Compared with other mentioned classification algorithms, our method not only can obtain accurate semantic segmentation results by larger scale structures but also can automatically assign the number of segments. The experimental results on several scenes have demonstrated its effectiveness and robustness.
A smart city mobile application for multitype, proactive, and context-aware recommender system

This paper presents a design and implementation of a multitype, proactive and context-aware recommender system in the environment of Internet of Things (IoT). The main features of this recommender system includes the consideration of the context of the user in recommendation, the ability to recommend multi-types in the same applications such as Restaurant, Gas Station, Attraction… etc… Also, the proposed recommender system is proactive, where the recommendations are pushed to the user without explicit query by him/her. The system was trained and tested. Then it was developed as Android application and tested by 50 users who filled a survey. The results show that the system got an overall accuracy of 91.2%. Also, as a mobile application, the majority of the users found this application useful in daily life (92%), support smart city operation (92%), and would recommend the application for others (86%).
Modeling the removal of VOC mixtures in biotrickling filters.

A mathematical model was derived for describing removal of mixed VOC vapors in biotrickling filters (BTFs). The model accounts for potential process rate limitation by the availability of oxygen as well as for potential kinetic interactions among pollutants during their biodegradation. Without using any fitted parameter, the model was found capable of predicting experimentally obtained removal rates of mono-chlorobenzene (m-CB) and ortho-dichlorobenzene (o-DCB) vapors. Experimental results reported here show that m-CB removal is better than that of o-DCB. The two compounds were known to be involved in a kinetic cross-inhibition interaction when degraded in suspended culture. However, model sensitivity studies showed that cross-inhibition does not affect BTF performance due to the low pollutant concentrations involved. For the same reason, the influence of oxygen on BTF performance was found to be minimal under the conditions tested. The model was found to predict experimentally obtained values with less than 10% error in the majority of cases. Computations with an earlier model describing VOC removal in conventional biofilters showed that, for the model mixture used in this study (m-CB/o-DCB), removal rates obtained with BTFs are one to more than two orders of magnitude higher than those obtained with conventional biofilters. This is attributed to the larger active specific biofilm surface area in BTFs, obtained through the creation of favorable growth conditions for the biomass, and better moisture control.
A Novel Noncanonical Signaling Pathway for the µ-Opioid Receptor

The µ-opioid receptor (OPRM1) signals as a classic G protein–coupled receptor by activating heterotrimeric Gi/Go proteins resulting in adenylyl cyclase (AC) inhibition. Such AC inhibition is desensitized after prolonged agonist treatment. However, after receptor desensitization, the intracellular cAMP level remains regulated by OPRM1, as demonstrated by the intracellular cAMP level increase or AC superactivation upon removal of an agonist or addition of an antagonist. We now demonstrate that such intracellular cAMP regulation is mediated by a novel noncanonical signaling pathway resulting from OPRM1 being converted to a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-like entity. This noncanonical OPRM1 signaling is initiated by the receptor recruiting and activating Src kinase within the receptor complex, leading to phosphorylation of the OPRM1 Tyr336 residue. Phospho-Tyr336 serves as the docking site for growth factor receptor-bound protein/son of sevenless, leading to the recruitment and activation of the Ras/Raf-1 and subsequent phosphorylation and activation of AC5/6 by Raf-1. Such sequence of events was established by the absence of Ras/Raf1 recruitment and activation by the OPRM1-Y336F mutant, by the presence of Src kinase inhibitor 4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (PP2) or the absence of Src activity, by the presence of specific Raf-1 inhibitor GW5074 (5-iodo-3-[(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl) methylene]-2-indolinone) or the absence of Raf-1, or by the dominant negative RasN17 mutant. Src together with Ras activates Raf1 which was established by the inability of the Raf1-Tyr340/341 mutant to activate AC. Hence, the phosphorylation of OPRM1 at Tyr336 by Src serves as the trigger for the conversion of a classic Gi/Go-coupled receptor into an RTK-like entity, resulting in a noncanonical pathway even after the original Gi/Go signals are blunted.
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Brooklyn, New York: Fluoroquinolone Resistance at our Doorstep

To examine the resistance rates and epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Brooklyn, New York, isolates were collected during two boroughwide surveillance periods in 1997 and 1999. Of 138 isolates, 67% were susceptible to penicillin and 34% to ciprofloxacin. Susceptibility rates to ciprofloxacin decreased dramatically from 1997 to 1999 (47% to 16%, p=0.0003). Five isolates (3.6%) were resistant to levofloxacin. Western Brooklyn had lower rates of susceptibility to penicillin compared with eastern neighborhoods. More isolates in the eastern neighborhoods belonged to the Spanish/French 9/14 clone, and isolates in the western neighborhoods tended to belong to the Spanish/USA 23F clone. Residents of the western neighborhoods were more likely to be white and elderly and less likely to be receiving Medicaid or public assistance, characteristics associated with increased health-care and antibiotic use. Brooklyn residents appear to be at high risk for fluoroquinolone-resistant S. pneumoniae. Our results underscore the need for vigilant regional surveillance.
Clinical and diagnostic problems of desmoid-type fibromatosis of the mesentery: case report and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND Desmoid-type fibromatosis (DTF) is a "locally aggressive, but not metastasizing" proliferation of soft tissues that is difficult to diagnose pre-operatively. Surgical en bloc resection of abdominal DTF can be difficult or an overtreatment. The diagnosis is therefore crucial for the decision making to minimize unnecessary morbidity. CASE REPORT A 33-year old female patient with an incidental intra-operative diagnosis of a 20 cm mesenteric mass involving the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and right colon underwent extended resection for a DTF. A review of the literature, limited only to mesenteric localization of DTF, was performed for the diagnosis, treatment and outcome. RESULTS Twentyfive cases of DTF have been analyzed. Pre-operative diagnosis was suspected in 20% but 95,2% of all the patients underwent resection without pre-operative diagnosis. In two cases, intra-operative, frozen section diagnosis was unsuccessfully attempted. Complications were reported in 12%, recurrence in 4%, and mortality in 0% of the patients. CONCLUSION Pre-operative diagnosis of mesenteric DTF is challenging in most cases, but it can avoid unnecessary extended surgery. Efforts should be made to achieve a correct pre-operative diagnosis based on more reliable imaging and pathological features, to help in decision making.
Design and Analysis of a Miniature Intensity Modulator Based on a Silicon-Polymer-Metal Hybrid Plasmonic Waveguide

We propose a miniature optical intensity modulator based on a silicon-polymer-metal hybrid plasmonic waveguide. Benefiting from the high mode confinement of hybrid plasmonic waveguide and the high linear electro-optic effect of polymer material, the intensity modulator is ultra-compact with a length of only ~ 13 μm. The device is optimized using numerical simulations based on the finite element method (FEM). The modulator exhibits a large modulation bandwidth of 90 GHz, a modulation depth of 12 dB at 6 V, and low power consumption of 24.3 fJ/bit.
Molecular Signature That Determines the Acute Tolerance of G Protein-Coupled Receptors

Desensitization and acute tolerance are terms used to describe the attenuation of receptor responsiveness by prolonged or intermittent exposure to an agonist. Unlike desensitization of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which is commonly explained by steric hindrance caused by the β-arrestins that are translocated to the activated receptors, molecular mechanisms involved in the acute tolerance of GPCRs remain unclear. Our studies with several GPCRs and related mutants showed that the acute tolerance of GPCRs could occur independently of agonist-induced β-arrestin translocation. A series of co-immunoprecipitation experiments revealed a correlation between receptor tolerance and interactions among receptors, β-arrestin2, and Gβγ. Gβγ displayed a stable interaction with receptors and β-arrestin2 in cells expressing GPCRs that were prone to undergo tolerance compared to the GPCRs that were resistant to acute tolerance. Strengthening the interaction between Gβγ and β-arrestin rendered the GPCRs to acquire the tendency of acute tolerance. Overall, stable interaction between the receptor and Gβγ complex is required for the formation of a complex with β-arrestin, and determines the potential of a particular GPCR to undergo acute tolerance. Rather than turning off the signal, β-arrestins seem to contribute on continuous signaling when they are in the context of complex with receptor and Gβγ.
Design of Switching Regulator with Combined FM and On-Off Control

The design and implementation of a switching regulator incorporating a high-frequency series-resonant converter and a combined FM and on-off feedback control is presented. The combined FM and on-off control results in a better conversion efficiency and a wider range of operational input voltage and output current. A 22.5 V, 50 W experimental regulator has been built to demonstrate the practicality of the circuit and its high efficiency, typically 92 to 96 percent, depending on the input and loading conditions.
Responses of Tabanidae (Diptera) to canopy traps baited with 4-methylphenol, 3-isopropylphenol, and naphthalene

ABSTRACT The attraction of female tabanids to unbaited and single-baited canopy traps using 4-methylphenol, 3-isopropylphenol, and naphthalene was studied in three forest localities in eastern Croatia. Tabanids were collected in a significantly higher number in traps baited with these chemicals compared to unbaited control traps. The number of females of Tabanus bromius, Tabanus sudeticus, Tabanus tergestinus, Hybomitra ciureai, Haematopota pluvialis, and Tabanus maculicornis collected from 4-methylphenol baited canopy traps and traps baited with other attractants differed significantly. A total of 89.0% of tabanids collected belonged to these six species. The response of the other species to used chemicals was not analyzed because of small sample sizes. Moreover, the results with 3-isopropylphenol and naphthalene are very similar and not significant for some tabanids. Tabanus bromius was the most abundant species with 48.4% in the sample collected by canopy traps. Finally, the 4-methylphenol baited canopy traps collected 16 times more tabanids than unbaited traps, while 3-isopropylphenol and naphthalene baited traps collected 3.5 and 2 times as many tabanids, respectively, than unbaited traps. Also, 4-methylphenol appeared to be a very effective attractant for Lucilia caesar (Calliphoridae), Sarcophaga carnaria (Sarcophagidae), and Musca domestica (Muscidae).
Pneumatic AFO Powered by a Miniature Custom Compressor for Drop Foot Correction

For active AFO applications, pneumatic remote transmission has advantages in minimizing the mass and complexity of the system due to the flexibility in placing pneumatic components and providing high back-drivability via simple valve control. However, pneumatic systems are generally tethered to large stationary air compressors, which greatly limit the practical daily usage. In this study, we implemented a wearable custom compressor that can be worn at the trunk of the body and can generate up to 1050 kPa of pressurized air to power an unilateral active AFO for dorsiflexion (DF) assistance of drop-foot patients. In order to minimize the size and weight of the custom compressor, the compression rate of the custom compressor was optimized to the rate of consumption required to power the active AFO. The finalized system can provide a maximum assistive torque of 9.8 Nm at a functional frequency of 1 Hz and the average resistive torque during free movement was 0.03 Nm. The system was tested for five hemiplegic drop-foot patients. The proposed system showed an average improvement of 12.3° of ankle peak dorsiflexion angle during the mid to late swing phase.