Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Topical Progression in Organic and Inorganic Membranes for Advance Application: A Review

Organic and inorganic nano-porous filtration membranes have been discussed in this review, as emergent water treatment technology for elite protection of human health and environment. Self-assembled block copolymer has evolved as influential tool to fabricate organic nano-porous materials with well-defined morphology, pore size and distribution, porosity and surface chemistry. These types of nano-porous materials are attractive for regulation and detection of transport at molecular level. The literature inspection presented in this article typically addressed exploration of relevant aspects such as polymerization method, surface morphology, membrane thickness, and active porosity affecting membrane performance. Similarly, considerable efforts towards fabricating ordered and water-permeable inorganic membranes were debated. In both type of membranes, fine control over pore dimensions, structural characteristics, and physical behavior of nano-structures hang about a major challenge.
Testing the Connection Between Radio Mini-Halos and Core Gas Sloshing with MHD Simulations

Radio mini-halos are diffuse, steep-spectrum synchrotron sources associated with relaxed clusters of galaxies. Observations of some mini-halo sources indicate a correlation between the radio emission and the X-ray signature of gas sloshing, "cold fronts. " Some authors have suggested turbulence associated with the sloshing motions reaccelerate relativistic electrons, resulting in emission associated with the fronts. We present MHD simulations of core gas sloshing in a galaxy cluster, where we measure the turbulence created by these motions and employ passive tracer particles to act as relativistic electrons that may be accelerated by such turbulence. Our preliminary results support such a link between sloshing motions and particle reacceleration.
Assessing ocean alkalinity for carbon sequestration

Over the coming century humanity may need to find reservoirs to store several trillions of tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted from fossil fuel combustion, which would otherwise cause dangerous climate change if it were left in the atmosphere. Carbon storage in the ocean as bicarbonate ions (by increasing ocean alkalinity) has received very little attention. Yet recent work suggests sufficient capacity to sequester copious quantities of CO2. It may be possible to sequester hundreds of billions to trillions of tons of C without surpassing postindustrial average carbonate saturation states in the surface ocean. When globally distributed, the impact of elevated alkalinity is potentially small and may help ameliorate the effects of ocean acidification. However, the local impact around addition sites may be more acute but is specific to the mineral and technology. The alkalinity of the ocean increases naturally because of rock weathering in which >1.5 mol of carbon are removed from the atmosphere for every mole of magnesium or calcium dissolved from silicate minerals (e.g., wollastonite, olivine, and anorthite) and 0.5 mol for carbonate minerals (e.g., calcite and dolomite). These processes are responsible for naturally sequestering 0.5 billion tons of CO2 per year. Alkalinity is reduced in the ocean through carbonate mineral precipitation, which is almost exclusively formed from biological activity. Most of the previous work on the biological response to changes in carbonate chemistry have focused on acidifying conditions. More research is required to understand carbonate precipitation at elevated alkalinity to constrain the longevity of carbon storage. A range of technologies have been proposed to increase ocean alkalinity (accelerated weathering of limestone, enhanced weathering, electrochemical promoted weathering, and ocean liming), the cost of which may be comparable to alternative carbon sequestration proposals (e.g., $20–100 tCO2−1). There are still many unanswered technical, environmental, social, and ethical questions, but the scale of the carbon sequestration challenge warrants research to address these.
Keeping off the Grass? An Econometric Model of Cannabis Consumption by Young People in Britain

This paper presents estimates of a dynamic individual-level model of cannabis consumption, using data from a 1998 survey of young people in Britain. The econometric model is a split-population generalisation of the non-stationary Poisson process, allowing for a separate dynamic process for initiation into cannabis use. The model allows for heterogeneity in consumption levels and behavioural shifts induced by leaving education and the parental home.
Recycling of Sago (Metroxylon sagu) Bagasse with Chicken Manure Slurry through Co-composting

Mass generation of bagasse wastes from every 100 kg of sago starch pith being processed are likely to pollute the water when they are discarded into rivers. The increase of livestock production increases manure production and improper management of these manures will pollute the soil and environment, and causing diseases outbreak. Cocomposting of sago bagasse and chicken manure could serve as a viable alternative of managing these wastes. In order to reduce pollution, the objective of this study was to cocompost sago bagasse and chicken manure slurry to obtain a high quality organic fertilizer. The sago bagasse was thoroughly mixed with chicken manure slurry, chicken feed, and molasses in polystyrene boxes. Co-compost temperature readings were taken 3 times daily. Nitrogen and P concentrations increased (1.46 and 0.12%, respectively), whereas C content decreased (48.6%) throughout the co-composting. The CEC increased from 45.7 to 68.3 cmol kg -1 indicating humified organic material. By the end of cocomposting, humic acid and ash contents also increased from 7.3 to 10.0% and 7.1 to 11.6%, respectively. The pH of the co-compost increased from 4.78 to 7.21. The final cocompost had no foul odour, but it had low heavy metals content, and a desired amount of nutrients. Seed germination indices of phytotoxicity test were above 80% of final cocompost. Co-compost product with balanced nutrients content can be produced by cocomposting sago bagasse and chicken manure slurry.
Chemical Sensors Based on Photonic Structures

Photonic sensors have been the subject of intensive research over the last two decades for use in civil and military environments, especially for detection of a wide variety of biological, chemical and nuclear agents. Photonic sensor technologies involve a lot of application fields like chemical, temperature, strain, biomedical, electrical, magnetic, rotation, pressure, position, acoustic and vibration sensors. Important efforts have been carried out by the international scientific community (academia, industry-R&D and all interested parties), to develop and improve the know-how and the state-of-the-art of photonic sensing. In this context, optical Lab-on-a-chip systems, based on chemical and biochemical sensors, represent the state of the art of photonic sensing, since they are expected to exhibit higher sensitivity and selectivity as well as high stability, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and product improvements such as smaller integration sizes and lower cost (De Leonardis et al., 2007).
Life-Cycle Educational Choices: Evidence for Two German Cohorts

We study life-cycle educational transitions in an education system characterized by early tracking and institutionalized branches of academic and vocational training but with the possibility to revise earlier decisions at later stages. Our model covers all major transitions ranging from preschool education through primary and secondary schooling to different forms of tertiary education and vocational training. We consider the role of previous decisions and background characteristics at each decision node and also study 'indirect' routes through the system. Our results suggest that the option to revise earlier decisions is even more socially selective than the earlier track choices that are revised later. We also model unobserved heterogeneity and document the sorting of individuals along unobserved characteristics across the stages of the system.
Substitution effect on molecular packing and transistor performance of indolo[3,2-b]carbazole derivatives

In this manuscript, two chloro-substituted derivatives of indolo[3,2-b]carbazole (ICZ), 2,8-dichloro-indolo[3,2-b]carbazole (CICZ) and 2,8-dichloro-5,11-dihexyl-indolo[3,2-b]carbazole (CHICZ) were designed and synthesized. The only difference between CICZ and CHICZ is at the N-5 and N-11 positions with or without long alkyl side chains. Interestingly, CICZ and CHICZ exhibited similar thermal, optical, and electrochemical properties, while their molecular packing motifs in solid state and corresponding charge transport properties were significantly different. The alkyl chains at N-5 and N-11 positions were proved not only enhancing the solubility and self-organization of the compounds but also shifting the molecular packing from herringbone (CICZ) to one-dimensional π–π stacking (CHICZ). Moreover, nearly no field-effect performance was observed for CICZ, while the mobility of CHICZ was as high as 0.14 cm2 V−1 s−1 for its thin films and 0.5 cm2 V−1 s−1 for its single crystals. These results confirmed that the chemical substitutions are a powerful molecular design tool to tune the molecular packing motifs of organic semiconductors and their corresponding electronic properties.
The effects of alfalfa particle size and acid treated protein on ruminal chemical composition, liquid, particulate, escapable and non escapable phases in Zel sheep

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of alfalfa particle size (long vs. fine) and canola meal treated with hydrochloric acid solution (untreated vs treated) on ruminal chemical composition, liquid, particulate, escapable and non escapable phases in Zel sheep. Four ruminally cannulated sheep received a mixed diet (% of dry matter) consisting of 23.73 alfalfa, 8.70 canola meal, 39.56 wheat straw, 13.45 beet pulp and 13.45 barley grain and 1 mineral-vitamin mixture. The experimental design was a 4 × 4 Latin square with 22-days periods. The diet was offered twice daily (09:00 and 21:00 h). The rumens were evacuated manually at 3, 7.5 and 12 h post-feeding and total ruminal contents were separated into mat and liquids. Dry matter weight distribution of total recovered particles was determined by a wetsieving procedure and used to partition ruminal mat and liquids among percentage of large (≥ 6.35 mm), medium ( 0.05) between dietary particle size and acid level were observed for ruminal chemical composition, liquid, particulate, escapable and non escapable phase. Treatment of canola meal and increase of particle size reduced the values of CP. Generally, with increase in time after feeding, the values of each nutrient decreased. Particle size and time post-feeding had a pronounced effect on the distribution of different particle fractions, whereas acid level did not influence it. With increase in time after feeding, percentage of particles ≥ 6.35 mm decreased, whereas the percentage of particles < 6.35 mm increased, illustrating intensive particle breakdown in the reticulo-rumen. Different particle size and time post-feeding had pronounced effect on total mass of ruminal digesta, ruminal mat and liquid part, in which fine particles and 12 h post feeding caused the lowest rumen mat. Time post feeding and acid level did not influence the values of pH significantly, whereas with increase in particle size, the values of pH increased. Key words: Canola meal, particle size, rumen mat, escapable, non escapable phase.
Consumer contribution to food contamination in Brazil: modelling the food safety risk in the home A contribuição do consumidor para a contaminação dos alimentos no Brasil: modelagem do risco à segurança dos alimentos em residências

Summary Foodborne diseases are among the most widespread public health issues, killing about 2.2 million people annually, and costing hundreds of billions of US dollars for governments, companies, families and consumers (WHO, 2007). In Brazil, foodborne diseases acquired in the home account for 55% of notifi ed outbreaks (BRASIL, 2012). Several studies have investigated aspects of consumer behaviour concerning food poisoning, mapping practices in the home, but it remains a challenge to obtain a full picture of the consumer contribution to food contamination (REDMOND and GRIFFITH, 2003). This study aimed to assess the risks of food contamination in the home. A questionnaire containing 140 questions concerning food safety knowledge, handling practices, personal hygiene and basic health care, covering the stages when the food is under the control of the consumer, was developed and used to gather data for analysis. Appropriate scores were attributed to the questions (consequences to food safety) and answers (likelihood of food contamination). A risk estimate algorithm and an appropriate risk ranking scale were used to assess the results. From August 2011 to March 2012, survey questionnaires were collected from 2,775 consumers in Brazil across 19 out of 27 state capitals. The study found risky practices with the potential to lead to food poisoning occurrences in the domestic environment in the following handling steps: food transportation, food preparation, cooking and the handling of leftovers. The personal hygiene, age, formal education, family income and basic health care habits represented the factors most related to the risky practices of consumers, which could orientate food safety educational campaigns for the Brazilian population.
Who Gains from High-Tech Growth? High-Technology Multipliers, Employment and Wages in Britain

Do residents benefit from the growth of high-technology industries in their local economy? Policymakers invest considerable resources in attracting and developing innovative, high-tech industries, but there is relatively little evidence on this question. This paper investigates the labour market impact of high-tech growth on low and mid-skilled workers, using data on UK local labour markets from 2009-2015. It shows that high-tech industries – either traditional ‘high-tech’ or the digital economy – have a positive jobs multiplier, with each high-tech job creating around 0.9 local nontradeable service jobs, around 0.6 of which go to low-skilled residents. Employment rates for midskilled workers do not increase, but they benefit from higher wages. Yet the benefits for low-skilled workers come with a catch: they gain from increased employment rates, but lose as new jobs are poorly paid service work so lower average wages.
Design of a multiband internal antenna for third generation mobile phone handsets

A multiband internal antenna is introduced. The antenna consists of a driven meander-line element and two parasitic elements. The design is particularly unique since it supports the third generation mobile phone handsets where multiband operation is greatly desired. The proposed antenna operates effectively in the AMPS 800 (824-894 MHz), GSM 900 (880-960 MHz), and GSM 1900 (1850-1990 MHz) bands within 2.5:1 voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR). Detail design criteria with respect to geometrical parameter variation are given. Experimental data (VSWR and pattern) obtained from a laboratory prototype are also presented.
Reasoning in the Chimpanzee: I. Analogical Reasoning

where same was Sarah's plastic symbol for "same. " Sarah solved analogy problems with two types of displays: (a) forced choice, in which she had to complete an analogy by choosing the correct B' from a set of alternatives (Experiments I A , In , and 3A) and (b) same-different, in which she had to complete an analogy by choosing the correct predicate, Same or Different (Experiments 2 and JB). In addition, she correctly solved both figural analogy problems, in which the stimuli were geometric figures and the relations among them were differences in size, color, or marking (Experiments I A , I n , and 2), and conceptual analogy problems, in which the stimuli were household objects and the relations were functional and spatial (Experiments 3A and 3n). Simple mechanisms for problem solution, e.g., physical matching, feature combination, and choice on the basis of association, were ruled out. The data strongly indicate that Sarah used the relation between A and A' to solve the analogy problems (Experiment IB). The implications for theories of human and animal cognition are discussed.
A Novel System for Document Classification Using Genetic Programming

With the increasing availability of electronic documents and the rapid growth of the World Wide Web, the task of automatic categorization of documents became the key method for organizing the information and knowledge discovery. Document retrieval, categorization, routing and filtering can all be formulated as classification problems. The complexity of natural languages and the extremely high dimensionality of the feature space of documents have made this classification problem very difficult. The proposed work mitigates this difficult by providing an algorithm to classify documents into more than two categories (multi-class classification) at the same time by combining multi-objective technique with the genetic programming of classifiers based on multi-tree representation of documents. This combination has the potential to attain lower errors because classification accuracy on each class is represented as a distinct objective. Empirical evaluations show encouraging results and confirm that the proposed algorithm is feasible and effective.
Testing LTB void models without the cosmic microwave background or large scale structure: new constraints from galaxy ages

We present new observational constraints on inhomogeneous models based on observables independent of the CMB and large-scale structure. Using Bayesian evidence we find very strong evidence for the homogeneous LCDM model, thus disfavouring inhomogeneous models. Our new constraints are based on quantities independent of the growth of perturbations and rely on cosmic clocks based on atomic physics and on the local density of matter.
Antimicrobial activities of essential oils from Southern Africa against selected bacterial and fungal organisms

In the present study, essential oils from four plants including Melissa officinalis, Mentha piperita, Pelargonium graveolens and Leucosidea sericea , traditionally used to treat infectious diseases were tested for antimicrobial activity against seven Gram-positive bacteria, eight Gram-negative bacteria and six yeast species ( Candida spp. and Cryptococcus neoformans ) using the agar diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the oils were determined by the microdilution technique. The killing kinetics of the oils was further evaluated against specific bacterial and fungal organisms. Both antifungal and antibacterial activities were observed from the essential oil of P. graveolens and M. peripeta against bacterial and fungal strains tested in the present study with the MIC values ranging from 0.95 to 7.5 mg/ml against the bacterial isolates and 0.24 to 7.50 mg/ml 'against the fungal isolates. The oils of P. graveolens were fungicidal to all the yeast isolates tested in the present study with minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values ranging from 0.12 to 7.50 mg/ml while the essential oil from M. piperita was fungicidal to one of the six yeast isolates tested with the smallest MFC of 0.48 mg/ml against Candida tropicalis . Essential oils from P. graveolens were able to kill 90% of the P. aeruginosa cells within three hours. The present study has revealed the antimicrobial activity of P. graveolens and M. piperita and indicated that essential oils are promising sources of natural products with potential antimicrobial activity. These results will guide the selection of some plant species for further pharmacological and phytochemical analysis. These results also support the use of essential oils to treat microbial infections and could be used as pharmaceuticals as well as preservatives in the food industry. Key words : Medicinal plants, essential oils, antibacterial activity, antifungal activity, time-kill activity.
Effect of temperature on body temperature and resting metabolic rate in pups of Eothenomys miletus

C), relatively and RMR increased significantly when day age is 14 day, it indicated that the pups showed a certain degree of thermoregulation in this phase. Its thermoregulation ability developed quickly during 7 day to 14 day. RMR of pups was extreme significantly higher in low temperature than that in other temperature when day age was 21 day, it showed that the pups had some thermoregulation to low temperature stimulation. The RMR of pups was showed increasing trend in high temperature(35
Preschool Teachers’ Opinions on the Use of Augmented Reality Application in Preschool Science Education

The media elements used in education continuously develop as a result of technological development, and virtual and augmented reality (AR) applications have consequently become much more significant. Augmented reality is a technology that combines virtual objects with the real world and provides simultaneous interaction between virtual objects and reality. This kind of technology lies between virtual reality (VR) and reality, where users are placed entirely in computergenerated virtual environments. This study aims to determine the opinions of preschool teachers on the use of augmented reality technologies in preschool science education. The data were obtained through interviews, which is a qualitative data collection method. This research is characterised by the fact that it is the first study to use the augmented reality technology for science education in the preschool period. According to the data obtained from the study, AR technology has positively influenced the learning and teaching processes in preschool education. Moreover, it has been concluded that this technology supports pupils in the use of technology and it also draws their attention to the lesson, while helping preschool teachers teach about different characteristics of objects.
RECOGNITION OF MISSING CHILDREN USING FEATURE-BASED METHOD 1

In this research work, a new system has been proposed to tackle the problem of identifying and recognizing missing children. The skin and non-skin part of the original image has been segregated by using binary operation, then, the face area of skin image has been obtained by using morphological operation. Finally, the feature points (mouth, right nostril, left nostril, right eye and left eye) are located on the face image of missing children of later age. The four triangles are formed by taking the combination of feature points (mouth, right nostril, left nostril, right eye and left eye) of the face images of missing children of later age. The ratios of three sides of all the four corresponding triangles of the two face images of missing child of later and early ages have been calculated. The difference between ratios of sides as well as difference between angles of these four corresponding triangles have been calculated. If the difference between ratios of any two sides and difference between the included angles of anyone of the four corresponding triangles is equal to or less than specified threshold value, then these two face images belong to same child, otherwise not. FG-NET aging database are used to analyze the proposed system. The performance of the proposed system has been compared with the existing system. It has been acknowledged that the proposed system is better and more useful to identify and recognize the missing children from age 1 to age 18 years.