Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Validating the Youth Sport Enjoyment Construct in High School Physical Education

The present study was undertaken to develop and validate a questionnaire measuring teaching processes related to physical education (PE) enjoyment. Scanlan and Lewthwaite's (1986) youth sport enjoyment model provided the theoretical foundation for this work. Content validity and item readability of the instrument were established by obtaining feedback from eight experts in psychology and four highly experienced secondary school teachers. Construct validity was then established by conducting exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on data from 304 secondary school students (grades 8, 9, and 10). As a result of these analyses, six teaching processes related to PE enjoyment were identified: self-referent competency (four items), other-referent competency (four items), teacher-generated excitement (three items), activity-generated excitement (five items), peer interaction (two items), and parental encouragement (two items). Correlation analyses revealed that all of these processes were positively correlated with PE enjoyment. The weakest correlation was between peer interaction and enjoyment (r = .31, p < .05), and the strongest was between activity-generated excitement and enjoyment (r = .83, p < .05). We believe that the instrument is appropriate for studying affective outcomes within physical educational settings among students in grades 8, 9, and 10.
The Mechanics of Metamorphic Fluid Expulsion

Metamorphic devolatilization generates fluid and grain-scale porosity. Evidence for high fluid pressure indicates that devolatilization occurs under poorly drained conditions. Under such conditions, fluid expulsion is limited by the capacity of the reacted rocks to resist compaction or by the rate at which deformation modifies the permeability of the overlying rocks. In the former case, the compaction timescale must be greater than the metamorphic timescale, and flow patterns are dictated by details of rock permeability. The alternative is that compaction processes are fast relative to metamorphism. In this case, flow is compaction driven and accomplished by waves of fluid-filled porosity.
Staurosporine inhibits tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity of Rous sarcoma virus transforming protein p60.

The disclosure is of a novel closure for air evacuated tubular containers and comprises a tubular body having flexible, elastic sidewalls, an open end, a closed end formed by a cannula-pierceable, flexible, elastic end wall having a concavo-convex configuration in cross-section and a flange disposed radially about the periphery of the open end. The novel closure structure takes advantage of the vacuum force in the container to maintain a gas-proof, hermetic seal, reduces the thickness required of the closure to maintain the hermetic seal and is easier to assemble in an air evacuated container. The disclosure is also of a novel method of assembling the closure of the invention in an air evacuated tubular container.
High Frequency and Diversity of Rearrangements in Polyomavirus BK Noncoding Regulatory Regions Cloned from Urine and Plasma of Israeli Renal Transplant Patients and Evidence for a New Genetic Subtype

ABSTRACT Polyomavirus BK (BKV) establishes latent infection in various human tissues, including the kidney. Reactivation following renal transplantation (RT) may cause BKV-associated nephropathy, leading to graft loss. BKV reactivation is often associated with extensive rearrangements in the BKV noncoding regulatory region (NCRR). We explored the formation and predominance of the rearrangements versus the diversity of the rearrangements by cloning and characterizing PCR-amplified NCRR sequences from six Israeli RT patients. We found a high frequency and a high degree of diversity of rearrangements: NCRRs that contained major rearrangements (mrNCRRs), including large insertions and deletions, were detected in 0 to 100% of the clones from individual samples (mean, 50% and 67% in plasma and urine, respectively). In addition, we found a high frequency of mrNCRRs that contained single-nucleotide variations (snvNCRRs) among identical mrNCRRs and archetype clones. mrNCRRs were present in plasma and in concomitantly collected urine samples, but for each patient, only a subset of the mrNCRRs and snvNCRRs were present in both compartments at the same time and/or in subsequent samples from the same compartment. Some mrNCRRs were observed over several months, indicating the continuous replication of the viral genomes carrying them. Phylogenetic analysis based on the snvNCRR in the archetype clones grouped isolates from four of the patients into a new subgroup of genotype IV. Genotypes Ib-1 and Ib-2 were also found. Isolates from two patients had NCRRs from two genotypes, one concurrently with a RT and one after a second RT. Our study prompts further investigation of the functional consequences of NCRR rearrangements to assess their biological significance and their putative role in disease progression and prognosis.
Norepinephrine spillover from human adipose tissue before and after a 72-hour fast.

Adipose tissue lipolysis is at least in part stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Although there is a generalized decrease in SNS activity with fasting, the rate of lipolysis during fasting increases. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is an association between activation of sympathetic nerves innervating adipose tissue and the increase in lipolysis seen during fasting in humans. We used the isotope dilution technique to measure regional norepinephrine spillover from abdominal sc adipose tissue from seven healthy subjects before and after a 72-h fast. Our results showed a significant increase in adipose tissue spillover of norepinephrine (mean +/- SEM, 0.40 +/- 0.09 vs. 1.08 +/- 0.18 pmol.100 g(-1). min(-1), P < 0.05) and arterial norepinephrine concentrations (0.92 +/- 0.10 vs. 1.23 +/- 0.08 nmol.liter(-1), P < 0.05) after the fast with no significant change in total body norepinephrine spillover, forearm norepinephrine spillover, epinephrine concentrations, or energy expenditure. We show for the first time, in humans, a selective regional increase in adipose tissue norepinephrine spillover in response to a 72-h fast and suggest that the SNS may play a greater role in the regulation of lipid metabolism during fasting than previously thought.
Perceived autonomy support in physical education and leisure-time physical activity : A cross-cultural evaluation of the trans-contextual model

This study tested the replicability and cross-cultural invariance of a trans-contextual model of motivation across 4 samples from diverse cultures. The model proposes a motivational sequence in which perceived autonomy support (PAS) in physical education (PE) predicts autonomous motivation, intentions, and behavior in a leisure-time (LT) physical activity context. High-school pupils from Britain, Greece, Poland, and Singapore completed measures of PAS and autonomous motives in a PE context. Goodfitting path-analytic models supported the main hypotheses of the trans-contextual model in the British, Greek, and Singaporean samples. PAS in PE had significant total effects on autonomous motives in LT, except in the Polish sample. The effect of autonomous motives in LT on physical activity intentions and behavior was mediated by theory of planned behavior constructs in all samples. Results supported the main hypotheses of the trans-contextual model across cultures, although the effect of PAS was not pervasive in the Polish sample.
Association of Prenatal Exposure to an Environmental Contaminant with Intellectual Function in Childhood

Polychlorinated biphenyls are a family of synthetic hydrocarbon compounds that were used historically for a broad range of industrial purposes. Although banned in the 1970s, they continue to be ubiquitous in landfills, sediments, and wildlife. Prenatal polychlorinated biphenyl exposure was evaluated in a sample of children born to women who had eaten relatively large quantities of polychlorinated biphenyl-contaminated Lake Michigan fish. This exposure was found to be associated with poorer intellectual function after controlling statistically for a broad range of potential confounding variables. Deficits included poorer recognition memory in infancy, lower scores on a preschool IQ test, and poorer verbal IQ and reading comprehension at 11 years of age. Although breast-fed children were exposed postnatally to elevated levels of polychlorinated biphenyls from maternal milk, the adverse effects associated with prenatal exposure were markedly stronger in the children who were not breast-fed. It is not clear whether the adverse effects were attenuated in the breast-fed children due to certain nutrients in the breast milk or due to better quality of intellectual stimulation provided by the breast-feeding mothers. Virtually no adverse effects were found in relation to postnatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls from breast-feeding, indicating that the fetus is particularly vulnerable to this exposure.
5th European Antibody Congress 2009

The 5th European Antibody Congress (EAC), organized by Terrapin Ltd, was held in Geneva, Switzerland, which was also the location of the 4th EAC.1 With more than 220 delegates, this event was the largest antibody congress held in Europe during 2009. Numerous pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical companies active in the field of therapeutic antibody development were represented, as were start-up and academic organizations. The global trends in antibody research and development were discussed, including success stories of recent marketing authorizations (catumaxomab, certolizumab pegol, rilonacept, ustekinumab and ofatumumab developed by Fresenius, UCB-Celltech, Regeneron, Centocor and Genmab, respectively) and success and attrition rates for this fast expending class of therapeutics. Case studies covering clinical progress in anti-CD20 (Genmab, LFB) and anti-IGF-1R mAbs (Biogen Idec, Imclone, Merck/Pierre Fabre), antibody-drug conjugates (ImmunoGen, Genentech, Seattle Genetics, Wyeth/Pfizer) and new scaffolds (Ablynx, Adnexus/Bristol-Myers Squibb, Domantis/GlaxoSmithKline, Dyax, Molecular Partners, Scil Proteins) were presented. Major antibody structural improvements were showcased, including the latest global developments in 2-in-1 antibodies (Genentech), dual antibodies (Abbott), trifunctional antibodies (Trion Pharma, Fresenius), agonist antibodies (MedImmune, Kyowa Hakko Kirin), Fc-engineered (Centocor, MedImmune), glyco-engineered (Centocor, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Lonza) aglycosylated IgGs (University of Cambridge) and non-activating formats (Genmab). Improvements of drugability (Pierre Fabre, Pfizer), alternative quantification methods based on mass spectrometry (Novartis, CEA), progress in manufacturing (Biogen Idec, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Merck KG) and patent strategies (Edwards, Angell, Palmer & Dodge) were also discussed. Last but not least, identification of mAbs against new therapeutic targets (Pierre Fabre, Roche, Crucell) and translations to clinical studies (Novartis) were presented, as well as progresses in antibody humanization and engineering (Université de Montpellier, French Army Health Department, Merck-Serono, Pierre Fabre).
Bridging mycorrhizal genomics , metagenomics and forest ecology 6 th New Phytologist

After an initial lag phase dedicated to the sequencing of easily cultured saprotrophic fungi (among the first three published genomes were the models Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Neurospora crassa) and species of biomedical, agricultural or biotechnological interest, genomics is now poised to rapidly permeate the fields of fungal ecology and evolution. As regards mycorrhizal associations, the story begins in 2008 with the publication of the genome of the agaric Laccaria bicolor (Martin et al., 2008), followed 2 yr later by publication of the Black Truffle of P! erigordTubermelanosporum genome (Martin et al., 2010). Within the last 2 yr, the Joint Genome Institute (JGI; http://jgi.doe.gov/) of the US Department of Energy has made available to the scientific community the genomes of at least a dozen additional mycorrhizal species and many more are expected to be released in the near future. Mycorrhizal fungal genome projects are part of an initiative for systematic sequencing of species representative of ecological important functional groups, including plant pathogens and wood rotters and will cover all major fungal phyla.
Antibacterial Activities of Iron Chelators against Common Nosocomial Pathogens

ABSTRACT The activities of iron chelators (deferoxamine, deferiprone, Apo6619, and VK28) were evaluated against type strains of Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli. Deferiprone, Apo6619, and VK28 each inhibited growth in standard and RPMI tissue culture medium, while deferoxamine had no effect. Additionally, time-kill assays revealed that VK28 had a bacteriostatic effect against S. aureus. Therefore, these newly developed iron chelators might provide a nontraditional approach for treatment of bacterial infections.
Fabrication of the Trapezoidal electrodes and Electrets material for electrostatic energy harvester

Conversion of the mechanical vibration into electrical energy has been found feasible with MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System) electrostatic energy harvesting method. The electrostatic energy harvesting device is fabricated on a silicon wafer for use on miniaturize applications. This paper presents the detail fabrication processes of the electrostatic energy harvester components, i.e. the Trapezoidal electrodes and Electrets. The trapezoidal electrodes structure comprises of the seismic mass, serpentine beams and Aluminum electrodes whereas the electrets is made up of Silicon Dioxides (SiO2). The energy harvester components are designed with Cadence Virtuoso software and later fabricated at the wafer foundry leveraging the 0.35 μm CMOS processes on 200 mm silicon wafers. The trapezoidal electrodes and electrets fabrications went through seven and two masking steps respectively. Performance of the electrets material are evaluated with Corona charging method. Characterization results show that the CVD oxide exhibits good charge retention capability, hence is recommended for application as electrets material on the vibration-based electrostatic energy harvester.
Fibroblast growth factor 23 in oncogenic osteomalacia and X-linked hypophosphatemia.

BACKGROUND Mutations in fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) cause autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets. Clinical and laboratory findings in this disorder are similar to those in oncogenic osteomalacia, in which tumors abundantly express FGF-23 messenger RNA, and to those in X-linked hypophosphatemia, which is caused by inactivating mutations in a phosphate-regulating endopeptidase called PHEX. Recombinant FGF-23 induces phosphaturia and hypophosphatemia in vivo, suggesting that it has a role in phosphate regulation. To determine whether FGF-23 circulates in healthy persons and whether it is elevated in those with oncogenic osteomalacia or X-linked hypophosphatemia, an immunometric assay was developed to measure it. METHODS Using affinity-purified, polyclonal antibodies against [Tyr223]FGF-23(206-222)amide and [Tyr224]FGF-23(225-244)amide, we developed a two-site enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that detects equivalently recombinant human FGF-23, the mutant form in which glutamine is substituted for arginine at position 179 (R179Q), and synthetic human FGF-23(207-244)amide. Plasma or serum samples from 147 healthy adults (mean [+/-SD] age, 48.4+/-19.6 years) and 26 healthy children (mean age, 10.9+/-5.5 years) and from 17 patients with oncogenic osteomalacia (mean age, 43.0+/-13.3 years) and 21 patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia (mean age, 34.9+/-17.2 years) were studied. RESULTS Mean FGF-23 concentrations in the healthy adults and children were 55+/-50 and 69+/-36 reference units (RU) per milliliter, respectively. Four patients with oncogenic osteomalacia had concentrations ranging from 426 to 7970 RU per milliliter, which normalized after tumor resection. FGF-23 concentrations were 481+/-528 RU per milliliter in those with suspected oncogenic osteomalacia and 353+/-510 RU per milliliter (range, 31 to 2335) in those with X-linked hypophosphatemia. CONCLUSIONS FGF-23 is readily detectable in the plasma or serum of healthy persons and can be markedly elevated in those with oncogenic osteomalacia or X-linked hypophosphatemia, suggesting that this growth factor has a role in phosphate homeostasis. FGF-23 measurements might improve the management of phosphate-wasting disorders.
Preliminary study to examine the utility of using foot burn or hock burn to assess aspects of housing conditions for broiler chicken

1. Eleven broiler chicken farms, representing 4 production system types, were visited during the last 5 d of the flock cycle: bird and flock details were recorded. Litter friability was assessed at 9 sites within the house, atmospheric ammonia was measured at three sites and bird cleanliness was assessed on a numerical rating scale. 2. For these flocks, hock burn, foot burn and breast burn were measured at the processing plant by standardised assessors. 3. Significant correlations were identified between the percentage of birds with foot burn and average litter score, average house ammonia concentrations and feather score. 4. No correlation was found between the percentage of birds with hock burn or breast burn and average litter scores, average ammonia concentrations or feather score. 5. No correlation was found between stocking density and foot burn, hock burn or breast burn. 6. If confirmed, these findings may have implications for the draft EU Broiler Directive, for which it is proposed that permitted stocking density on farm may be determined by the incidence and severity of contact dermatitis measured on plant.
Cardiac xenotransplantation: progress and challenges

Purpose of reviewCardiac xenotransplantation (CXTx) remains a promising approach to alleviate the chronic shortage of donor hearts. This review summarizes recent results of heterotopic and orthotopic CXTx, highlights the role of non-Gal antibody in xenograft rejection, and discusses challenges to clinical orthotopic CXTx. Recent findingsPigs mutated in the &agr; 1,3 galactosyltransferase gene (GTKO pigs) are devoid of the galactose &agr;1,3 galactose (&agr;Gal) carbohydrate antigen. This situation effectively eliminates any role for anti-Gal antibody in GTKO cardiac xenograft rejection. Survival of heterotopic GTKO cardiac xenografts in nonhuman primates continues to increase. GTKO graft rejection commonly involves vascular antibody deposition and variable complement deposition. Non-Gal antibody responses to porcine antigens associated with inflammation, complement, and hemostatic regulation and to new carbohydrate antigens have been identified. Their contribution to rejection remains under investigation. Orthotopic CXTx is limited by early perioperative cardiac xenograft dysfunction (PCXD). However, hearts affected by PCXD recover full cardiac function and orthotopic survival up to 2 months without rejection has been reported. SummaryCXTx remains a promising technology for treating end-stage cardiac failure. Genetic modification of the donor and refinement of immunosuppressive regimens have extended heterotopic cardiac xenograft survival from minutes to in excess of 8 months.
Equalization techniques for space-time coded cooperative systems

We extend three equalization schemes proposed originally for conventional space-time block codes (STBC) (Lindskog, E. and Paulraj, A., Proc. Int. Conf. Commun., 2000; Al-Dhahir, N., IEEE Commun. Lett., vol.5, no.7, 2001; Liu, Z. et al., Proc. 33rd Asilomar Conf. on Sig., Systems, and Comp., 1999). We extend them to cooperative schemes, carefully exploiting the underlying orthogonality of STBC. These three distributed schemes are named after their conventional counterparts as distributed time-reversal (DTR) STBC, distributed single-carrier (D-SC) STBC and distributed orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (DOFDM) STBC. Considering the special case of single relay employment, our performance analysis for frequency-selective fading channels of memory L demonstrates that the D-TR-STBC and D-SC-STBC schemes are able to achieve a maximum diversity order of 2(L+1) under the assumption of appropriate power control imposed on the relay terminal and high signal-to-noise ratio for the source-to-relay link. Extensive Monte-Carlo simulation results confirm the analytical results.
Mechanical Removal in CMP of Copper Using Alumina Abrasives

Results from experiments on the removal of copper using chemical mechanical polishing ~CMP! by alumina abrasives suspended in deionized water are reported. The experiments were carried out in a benchtop polishing tool using IC1000 perforated pads and SUBA 500 pads. The removal rate was measured over a good range of values of the relative velocity and pressure, and for different values of the abrasive concentration in the slurry. The results support the use of Preston’s equation over a limited range of values of the relative velocity and pressure in the case of the IC-1000 pad; however, at larger velocities and pressures, the linear behavior implied in Preston’s equation is not observed. At low abrasive concentration, the removal rate increases with increasing concentration, but beyond about 2.5 wt % abrasives, there is little further increase in removal rate. In the case of the SUBA 500 pad, Preston’s equation is inadequate for describing the dependence on pressure. It is found that the removal rate is indeed linear with increasing velocity at low to moderate pressures, but is proportional to the square root of pressure and the abrasive concentration. Chemical-mechanical polishing ~CMP! is now well-established as the technology of choice in integrated circuit ~IC! manufacture for the purpose of planarizing films at various stages of the fabrication process. 1,2 In this process, an uneven film is planarized by mounting a wafer onto a polishing head that is brought by an applied load into contact with a polishing pad mounted on a turntable. Usually, both the wafer and the pad are rotated about their respective centers, and a liquid containing colloidal abrasive particles and dissolved chemicals, labeled slurry, is introduced in the space between the pad and the wafer. The combined action of the chemical attack of the film and mechanical abrasion leads to planarization of the wafer surface. A variety of tools, chemicals, and pads are used depending on the nature of the film to be planarized. The present work is focused on mechanical removal of material. Preston 3 provided a simple model of material removal in glass polishing tools, postulated based on experimental observation that the removal rate is proportional to the nominal applied pressure and the relative velocity between the pad and the material being polished. Preston’s equation for the removal rate R can be written as
C3-mediated cytoadherence. Formation of C3 receptor aggregates as prerequisite for cell attachment

Inhibition of free movement of C3 receptors by either applying low temperature (3 degrees C) or fixing the cell surfce of lymphocytes with glutaraldehyde (2 times 10(-5) to 2 times 10(-1)%) results in loss of firm attachment of EAC142 3b cells to the lympocytes as demonstrated here by loss of rosette formation of Raji lymphoid cells. Under the same conditions soluble C3 can still bind but is unable to induce aggregation of C3 receptors into small patches. It is suggested that the local increase of C3 receptor density by aggregation is a prerequisite for C3-dependent cytoadherence. Microaggregation of corresponding receptor sites may be essential also in other recognition systems.