Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Optimal Las Vegas Approximate Near Neighbors in l_p

In the approximate near neighbor search problem, one is given a database D ⊂ Rd of n points and asked to construct a data structure which, given a query point q ∈ Rd , returns a “near” neighbor of q in D. As a fundamental algorithmic primitive for processing high-dimensional data, approximate near neighbor search has found a wide variety of applications, both within computer science and beyond, including to problems in machine learning, computer vision, data mining, and genomics. We show that high-dimensional approximate near neighbor search can be solved without false negatives while matching the performance of the state-of-the-art algorithms (which can produce false negatives). Our results hold for approximate near neighbor search for Euclidean space as well as all `p spaces with p ∈ [1, 2). We achieve this result in two ways: In the dataindependent setting, in which algorithms do not adapt to the dataset, we show that the optimal ball-carving LSH of Andoni and Indyk (FOCS 2006) can be adapted into an algorithm without false negatives. In the data-dependent setting, in which algorithms can adapt to structure found in the dataset, we modify the data structure of Andoni et al. (SODA 2017) to produce no false negatives by constructing a new “Las Vegas” locality-sensitive lter family for the unit sphere. Our data-independent construction improves on the recent Las Vegas data structure of Ahle (FOCS 2017) for `p when 1 < p ≤ 2. Our data-dependent construction does even better for `p for all p ∈ [1, 2] and is the rst Las Vegas approximate near neighbors data structure to make use of data-dependent approaches. We also answer open questions of Indyk (SODA 2000), Pagh (SODA 2016), and Ahle by showing that for approximate near neighbors, Las Vegas data structures can match state-of-the-art Monte Carlo data structures in performance for both the data-independent and data-dependent settings and across space-time tradeo s. Comments on Published Work The last chapter of this thesis was published as a conference paper at the 2019 Symposium on Discrete Algorithms (SODA 2019) [Wei19].
Plant Species, Host Age and Host Genotype Effects on Meloidogyne incognita Biocontrol by Pseudomonas fluorescens Strain CHA0 and its Genetically‐Modified Derivatives

Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CHA0 and its antibiotic overproducing derivative CHA0/pME3424 repeatedly reduced Meloidogyne incognita galling on tomato, brinjal, mungbean and soya bean roots but not in chilli. An antibiotic-deficient derivative, CHA89, did not reduce nematode invasion in any of the plant species tested. When plant species were compared, bacterial inoculants afforded better protection to tomato, mungbean and soya bean roots against root-knot nematodes than to brinjal and chilli. Antibiotic overproducing strain CHA0/pME3424 markedly reduced fresh shoot weights of chilli and mungbean while antibiotic-deficient strain CHA89 enhanced fresh shoot weights of mungbean. While strains CHA0 had no significant impact on fresh root weights of any of the plant species, strain CHA0/pME3424 consistently reduced fresh root weights of brinjal and mungbean. In none of the plant species the bacterial strains had an influence on protein contents of the leaves. Regardless of the plant species, the three bacterial strains did not differ markedly in their rhizosphere colonization pattern. However, colonization was highest in brinjal rhizosphere and lowest in the mungbean rhizosphere. A slight host genotype effect on the biocontrol performance of the bacterial inoculants was also detected at cultivar level. When five soya bean cultivars were compared, biocontrol bacteria exhibited best suppression of the root-knot nematode in cv. Ajmeri. Antibiotic overproducing strain CHA0/pME3424 substantially reduced fresh shoot weights of the soya bean cultivars Centuray 84 and NARC-I while strain CHA89 enhanced shoot weights of the cultivars Ajmeri, William-82 and NARC-II. Wild type strain CHA0 had no significant impact on fresh shoot weights of any of the soya bean cultivars. Strain CHA0/pME3424 reduced fresh weights of root of Century 84, NARC-I and NARC-II while strain CHA89 increased root weights. Bacterial rhizosphere colonization was highest in variety NARC-I and lowest in variety Ajmeri. Plant age had a significant impact on the biocontrol performance of bacterial inoculants against nematodes. The biocontrol effect of all bacterial strains was more prominent during early growth stage (7 days after nematode inoculation). A strong negative correlation between bacterial rhizosphere colonization and nematode invasion in soya bean roots was observed.
The evolution and extinction of the dinosaurs

Any books that you read, no matter how you got the sentences that have been read from the books, surely they will give you goodness. But, we will show you one of recommendation of the book that you need to read. This the evolution and extinction of the dinosaurs is what we surely mean. We will show you the reasonable reasons why you need to read this book. This book is a kind of precious book written by an experienced author.
Influences of the harvest season on analytical characteristics of syrah grapes and wines produced in the northeast region of Brazil

The present study evaluated the main physical and chemical characteristics of Syrah grapes, coming from the tropical region of Sao Francisco river valley, harvested at different times and their relationship with analytical characteristics of resulting wines. Grapes came from the first half of 2009 harvest, collected at Casa Nova - Bahia, a semi-arid and hot region, comprising an interval from 84 days after pruning (84 dap) to the beginning of grape over-ripening, 133 days after pruning (133 dap). Harvests at 84, 91, 98, 105, 112, 119, 126 and 133 dap, were analyzed for pH, soluble solids and acidity in grapes, which were then processed for wine production. Maximum sugar/acidity ratio (s/a = 56) were observed in grapes harvested between 126 and 133 dap, coincided with the highest concentration of anthocyanins (851 mg L -1
Toward Constructive Relay-Based Cooperative Routing in MANETs

Frequent link breaks (due to node mobility) and quick exhaustion of energy (due to limited battery volume) are two major problems impacting on the flexibility in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Cooperative communication in MANETs has become an appealing topic, as it can improve system capacity and energy efficiency. In spite of such advantages of cooperative communication, some issues still remain, such as the lack of a systematically designed cooperative routing scheme (including route discovery, route reply, route enhancement, and cooperative data forwarding), facilitation of cooperative communication in mobility resistance, and route selection (jointly considering energy consumption, energy-harvesting ability, and link break probability). Driven by the above concerns, we propose a novel Constructive-Relay-based CooPerative Routing (CRCPR) protocol in this paper. Using topological information stored and maintained in a COoPerative Table and Relay Table, CRCPR enhances resilience to mitigate the mobility issue by self-managing to construct adequate relays for data forwarding. Furthermore, assuming nodes are mostly battery operated, CRCPR proposes a new route selection mechanism, which takes into account energy consumption, energy harvesting, and link break probability, to determine an appropriate route across a network. Simulation results show the robustness of CRCPR against node mobility, further with improvement for up to 60% network throughput and 40% prolonged network lifetime.
The role of phase-variable expression of meningococcal surface proteins during carriage and disease

Neisseria meningitidis is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis, a disease that kills thousands of people yearly. Asymptomatic colonisation of the oropharynx (i. e. carriage) occurs in 10% – 30% of humans. Significant features of meningococcal genomes are simple sequence repeats (SSR), which have been shown to control gene expression in a reversible process known as phase variation (PV). This study investigated the consequence of “switching-OFF” of two haemoglobin-acquisition systems (hpuAB and hmbR) during disease and also explored potential associations between PV state of the immunodominant meningococcal antigen, PorA, and the adaptive immune response during carriage. Using an ex vivo human whole blood model, hmbR-OFF mutants of strain MC58 (hpuAB-negative) exhibited a pattern of growth similar to wild-type. Conversely, an inability to utilise transferrin (ΔtbpBA) significantly affected growth but not survival in blood. Five recombinant versions of these Hb receptors were prepared in this study and subsequently used as antigens for the generation of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies in mice. The polyclonal antirHpuA, anti-rHpuB and anti-rHmbR antisera were reactive with homologous receptors in lysates of diverse meningococcal strains. Surface expression of HpuA and HmbR was detected by flow cytometry but all antisera were incapable of mediating killing of iron-restricted meningococci. An immunodetection assay employed in this study revealed the induction of variant-specific anti-PorA IgG antibodies following acquisition of carriage. These antibodies may have contributed to subsequent loss of carriage but a role for PV in immune escape in vivo was not established. This study posits that HmbR is less important than TbpBA and HpuAB during disease and that phase variable expression of surface receptors is irrelevant for immune evasion during carriage. Further studies are recommended to confirm the proposed importance of HpuAB over HmbR during invasive disease and to investigate the opsonophagocytic property of the anti-HpuA and anti-HmbR antisera.
McNamara 2014 MMB1075 - Low Magnification Confocal Microscopy of Tumor Angiogenesis

Blood vessels are critical to normal mammalian development, tissue repair, and growth and treatment of cancer. Mouse research models enable mechanistic studies of blood vessels. We detail how to perfuse mice with fl uorescent tomato lectin or the lipophilic fl uorophore DiI. We provide details on how to image fl uorescently labeled blood vessels.
Signs of rotating equatorial density enhancements around SRb pulsators

Abstract We observed the circumstellar environments (CSEs) of the semiregular AGB stars L2 Puppis, R Doradus and EP Aquarii with ALMA. (1) The molecular emission in the L2 Pup nebula reveals an edge-on rotating disk. (2) PV diagrams of the 28SiO emission in the inner CSE of R Dor expose a pattern pointing to an inclined rotating disk. (3) The CO emission in the CSE of EP Aqr reveals a nearly face-on equatorial density enhancement (EDE). The inner EDE strongly resembles theoretical wind-Roche-lobe-overflow models. The SiO emission points to a potential companion. The combination of (1), (2) and (3) suggests that a link may exist between the type of AGB pulsations and the morphological nature of the CSE.
Sukcesor wirusa polio - enterowirus 71

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the most important causes of hand, foot, and mouth disease. It can also cause severe complications of the central nervous system. Brain stem encephalitis with pulmonary edema is a severe complication that can lead to death. EV71 was first isolated in California in 1969. Since the late 1990s, EV71 has seriously affected the Asia-Pacific region. In recent years, there have been an increasing number of reports of HFMD outbreaks with fatal cases due to EV71 in Asian countries. Generally, EV-71 is divided into three broad genotypes: A, B and C, based on analysis of complete genome sequences of many strains. Recent studies suggest that recombination has played a crucial role in EV71 evolution. Poliovirus, another enterovirus, is nearly completely eradicated as a result of global immunization efforts. EV71 may become an important pathogen, replacing poliovirus, with increasing health threat to humans. Prevention of EV71 epidemics is likely to require the development of an effective vaccine. This is an important public health problem causing serious clinical illness and, potentially, death in young children.
Next Generation Sequencing: A Revolutionary Tool For Plant Variety Improvement

Next generation technologies in crop plant genomics is now firmly embedded in the breeding of various crops, improving the precision of breeding and enabling the assembly of multiple traits in new elite bredding lines and varieties. These advance will take plant breeding and trait analysis to a new level of accuracy and productivity that will be needed to meet the major challenges of increased food production in the coming years. Xcelris Genomics has been a pioneer in this field and is highly experienced in applying next generation sequencing to study plant genome, transcriptome and regulatory RNA molecule ( e.g ., rice, pigeon pea, wheat, castor bean, finger millet, grass pea, mango, gurmar etc) that enables the discovery of genes and markers associated with diverse agronomic traits. Thus, creating an opportunities for plant varieties improvement. Sequencing of hundreds or even thousands of genomes is now possible to identify sample genetic diversity within and between germplasm pools. Identification and tracking of genetic variation are now so efficient and precise that thousands of variants can be tracked within large populations. Here, we outline some important areas such as whole genome sequencing (WGS), whole transcriptome sequencing (WTS), genotyping by sequencing/restriction site associated DNA sequencing (GBS/RAD), marker discovery, association mapping, gene mining, small RNA and mainly emphasized on de novo transcriptome sequencing of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (fenugreek) to identify genes involved in secondary metabolite steroidal saponins like diosgenin production leading demand for improved varieties. The above genomics finding will improve the yield of steroidal saponins for economical and viable production, which leads to “a biopharmaceutical revolution” , first source of plant steroidal drug to be used at industrial scale and produce progesterone hormone and other usage of fenugreek powder are in diabetes mellitus, diabetic nephropathy, hypertension, anemia, cancer and cataract.
Leverage Ratios for Different Bank Business Models

The development of the Basel III leverage ratio does not consider the different risk characteristics of bank business models. All banks have to achieve the same requirements even if a high-risk business model is chosen. For that reason, leverage ratios which are adjusted to the risk-profile of retail, wholesale, and trading banks are developed. Based on Value-at-Risk and Expected Shortfall calculations, the left-hand tail of a net return on non-risk-weighted assets distribution of 120 European banks is analyzed. Retail banks are less risky and can withstand financial distress with a smaller amount of capital.
Foraging guild membership explains variation in waterbird responses to the hydrological regime of an arid-region flood-pulse river in Namibia

1. Little is known about hydrological influences on tropical waterbird communities. We used a 16-year data set (1991–2007) of waterbird censuses, together with a classification of observed species into foraging guilds, to explore the relationships between natural variations in flow regime, foraging guild and the community composition of waterbirds at the Okavango River in the Caprivi Strip of north-eastern Namibia, southern Africa. 2. We addressed three hypotheses to explain variation in waterbird community composition: (i) exploitation (birds move towards resource-rich patches to exploit periods of high food abundance); (ii) escapism (declines in regional habitat quality force birds to aggregate in perennial waterbodies); and (iii) interaction (bird assemblages are dominated by intra- and interspecific interactions, such as flock formation for breeding or moulting, that can be explained better by life history demands or competition than by resource availability). 3. Waterbirds in different foraging guilds responded strongly but at different periods to changes in the hydrological environment, creating a complex but predictable successional pattern in community composition through time. Deep-water feeders responded fastest (abundance peaking 2 months post-flood), followed by shallow-water feeders (4 months) and emergent vegetation feeders (7 months). Species that forage on short vegetation or in mud showed a bimodal response with peaks in abundance at 3 and 8 months post-flood. 4. Our results indicated a strong effect of the local flow regime and hence supported the exploitation hypothesis. The foraging guild approach allowed us to identify clear patterns in a highly complex ecosystem and shows considerable promise as an analytical tool for similar data sets. Our results further suggest that while the entire bird community will be affected by hydrological alterations such as impoundments, water extraction and climate change, deep-water feeders may be one of the most vulnerable groups.
Apes and Human Evolution

Russell Tuttle synthesizes a vast literature in primate evolution and behavior to explain how apes and humans evolved in relation to one another and why humans became a bipedal, tool-making, culture-inventing species distinct from other hominoids. He refutes the theory that we are sophisticated, instinctively aggressive and destructive killer apes.
Produção de um anticorpo policlonal anti-Duffy de Bos taurus taurus para detecção e quantificação do antígeno em eritrócitos bovinos

viii LISTA DE FIGURAS E TABELAS ix LISTA DE ABREVIATURAS xi 1. INTRODUCAO 15 1.1. Taxonomia dos bovinos 15 1.2. Bovinocultura no Brasil 16 1.2. 1. Aspecto economico 16 1.3. Melhoramento genetico na bovinocultura 17 1.4. Babesiose bovina 20 1.5. Antigeno Duffy 22 2.OBJETIVO 28 3. MATERIAIS E METODOS 29 3.1. Obtencao do cDNA do gene Duffy de Bos taurus taurus 29 3.2. Minipreparacao dos Plasmideos 29 3.3. Eletroforese em gel de agarose 30 3.4. Quantificacao do DNA 30 3.5. Reacao em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) 30 3.6. Digestao 32 3.6. 1. Digestao pCMVSport6/Duffy 32 3.6. 2. Digestao do plasmideo de expressao pET28(+) e dos produtos de PCR para clonagem 32 3.6. 3. Digestao do plasmideo de expressao pMalc2E e dos produtos de PCR para clonagem 32 3.7. Purificacao de Fragmento de DNA em Gel de Agarose 33 3.8. Ligacao 33 3.9. Preparacao de Celulas Competentes 33 3.10. Transformacao 34 3.11. Preparo de cultura permanente 35 3.12. Sequenciamento dos fragmentos de DNA 35
A Proposed Analysis of Deer Use of Jumpout Ramps and Wildlife Use of Culverts along a Highway with Wildlife Exclusion Fencing

Author(s): Jensen, Alex J.; Perrine, John D. ; Siepel, Nancy; Robertson, Morgan | Abstract: Highways can fragment habitat and be a significant mortality source for mammals. Wildlife exclusion fencing has been shown to reduce wildlife-vehicle collisions, but can also prevent animals from escaping the highway corridor if they enter at access roads or at fence ends. Earthen escape ramps, or “jumpouts,” have been proposed as a possible solution but remain relatively untested. From 2012-2014, we used wildlife cameras to continuously document wildlife use of four jumpout ramps constructed as part of a 2.5-mile wildlife exclusion fence project along Highway 101 near San Luis Obispo, California. Mule deer occasionally used the jumpouts, but quantifying the rate of utilization was confounded by repeated visits by the same individuals. Male and female deer appeared to have different responses to the jumpouts, which warrants deeper investigation using additional data collected from further monitoring through mid-2017. The longer dataset will also better document how individual deer learn to use the jumpouts. Fenced highways can also reduce connectivity unless there is sufficient use of crossing structures. We documented mountain lion, bobcat, black bear, and mule deer used culverts and underpasses in and adjacent to the wildlife fence zone from 2012-2014. Mule deer used the large underpasses almost exclusively, and rarely if ever used culverts. Bear used a wider variety of structures, and bobcats were detected at almost every site and at a higher rate than the other taxa. Mountain lion detections were quite rare, likely due to lower population density in the study area. We propose a deeper multivariate analysis of the factors influencing these species’ use of culverts including culvert dimensionality, nearby habitat, and proximity to cover, based on an expanded dataset of up to five years of continual monitoring at certain sites. The goal of these analyses is to provide information that will help reduce wildlife-vehicle collisions while facilitating regional wildlife connectivity.
Sobrevivência de seis espécies florestais em uma área explorada seletivamente no município de Moju, Pará

(Recebido: 27 de julho de 2000; aceito: 20 de novembro de 2003) RESUMO: A taxa de sobrevivencia de seis especies florestais: Sterculia pruriens, Vouacapoua americana, Jacaranda copaia, Protium paraense, Pseudopiptadenia suaveolens e Tabebuia serratifolia, considerando a distância entre a borda da clareira e o interior da mata, foi avaliada no campo experimental da EMBRAPA, em Moju, PA. Foram selecionadas 9 clareiras, nas quais foram instaladas faixas de 10m X 50m, da borda da clareira para dentro da floresta, nas direcoes norte, sul, leste e oeste, divididas em parcelas quadradas de 10m de lado, numeradas de 1 a 5. Nas parcelas 1, 3 e 5 foi instalada uma parcela quadrada de 5m de lado, onde foram plantados individuos de especies arboreas da regeneracao natural. No centro de cada clareira foi instalada uma parcela de 5m X 5m como testemunha, onde foi repetido o plantio. Observou-se que Sterculia pruriens apresentou maior taxa de sobrevivencia e Vouacapoua americana a menor, independente da localizacao. Porem, para esta ultima, juntamente com Jacaranda copaia, houve diminuicao da sobrevivencia em funcao da distância da clareira. Todas as especies apresentaram maior sobrevivencia no centro da clareira. A media da sobrevivencia, levando em conta todas as especies, foi de 72,32%.
Discrimination of Korean Apple Cultivars Using Combination of RAPD-SCAR Markers

Conventional methods for identification of apple cultivars are based on the evaluation of sets of morphological characteristics, however, closely related cultivars often cannot be distinguished by morphological traits. This study was conducted to develop DNA markers for discrimination of the apple cultivars bred in Korea. Thirty random primers generated eighty-three random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers from thirty-one Korean bred and introduced apple cultivars. Fifty-two RAPD fragments were cloned and sequenced for conversion into sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. Among them only seventeen SCAR markers resulted in the amplification of single major bands the same size as the RAPD fragment cloned. Several combinations of six (AN11_433, AN08_566, A408_592, AK17_653, AO04_711, AO04_779 or AW15_368, AN11_433, A408_592, AK17_653, AO04_711, AO04_779, or AL1_427, AN11_433, AN08_566, A408_592, AK17_653, AO04_779) to seven (AL1_427, AN11_433, AN08_566, A408_592, AK17_653, AM16_708, AO04_779 or A330_424, AN11_433, AG14_502, AN08_566, A408_592, AK17_653, AO04_779 or A330_424, AN11_433, AK14_564, A408_592, AK17_653, AM16_708, AT14_789) SCAR markers provided enough polymorphism to identify sixteen Korean apple cultivars among thirty-one tested cultivars. Therefore, application of the seventeen SCAR markers was sufficient to identify the thirty-one tested apple cultivars. These markers could be utilized as a reliable tool for cultivar discrimination of Korean apples.