Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Beamforming in Wireless Energy Harvesting Communications Systems: A Survey

Wireless energy harvesting (EH) is a promising solution to prolong lifetime of power-constrained networks such as military and sensor networks. The high sensitivity of energy transfer to signal decay due to path loss and fading, promotes multi-antenna techniques like beamforming as the candidate transmission scheme for EH networks. Exploiting beamforming in EH networks has gained overwhelming interest, and lot of literature has appeared recently regarding this topic. The objective of this paper is to point out the state-of-the-art research activity on beamforming implementation in EH wireless networks. We first review the basic concepts and architecture of EH wireless networks. In addition, we also discuss the effects of beamforming transmission scheme on system performance in EH wireless communication. Furthermore, we present a comprehensive survey of multi-antenna EH communications. We cover the supporting network architectures like broadcasting, relay, and cognitive radio networks with the various beamforming deployment within the network architecture. We classify the different beamforming approaches in each network topology according to its design objective such as increasing the throughput, enhancing the energy transfer efficiency, and minimizing the total transmit power, with paying special attention to exploiting the physical layer security. We also survey major advances as well as open issues, challenges, and future research directions in multi-antenna EH communications.
Localization of Osteocalcin in Amelogenin-Propolis Coated Dental Implants in Rabbits

Dental implant is an artificial tooth root fixed into the jaws to hold a replacement tooth or bridge. Functional surface modifications by organic material such as amelogenin/propolis coating seem to enhance early peri-implant bone formation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of osteocalcin as bone formation markers in amelogenin/propolis coated and uncoated implant in interval periods(1,2 and 4 weeks). Commercially pure Titanium(cpTi) implants , coated with amelogenin/ propolis, were placed in the tibias of 30 New Zealand white rabbits, histological and immunohistochemical tests for detection of expression of osteocalcin were performed on all the implants of both control and experimental groups for (1,2 and 4 weeks) healing intervals. Histological finding for coated titanium implant with amelogenin/ propolis illustrated an early bone formation, mineralization and maturation in comparison to control. Immunohistochemical finding showed that positive reaction for osteocalcin was expressed by osteoblast cells (OB)at implants coated with amelogenin/ propolis, indicating that bone formation &maturation was accelerated by adding biological materials as a modification modality of implant surface. The present study concludes that coating of implants with amelogenin/ propolis showed increment in osseointegration in short interval period. Keywords : amelogenin, propolis, dental implant, biochemical bone markers, osteocalcin and osseointegration.
Prevalence and Antibiogram Assessment of Staphylococcus aureus in Beef at Municipal Abattoir and Butcher Shops in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Objective A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2013 to April 2014 to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus from beef of Addis Ababa Abattoir and butcher shops in Addis Ababa. Seven hundred sixty-eight swab samples were taken from the abattoir and butcher carcasses using a systematic random sampling. One hundred twenty swab samples were also taken from hooks, cutting tables, and knives from the abattoir. Staphylococcus aureus positive isolates were taken for antibiotic susceptibility test. A questionnaire survey was conducted in the abattoir and butcher workers to assess the hygienic practice and possible risk factors regarding the contamination of meat. Results The prevalence of S. aureus in the abattoir, butcher, cutting table, hook, and knife was 9.4%, 19.8%, 15%, 15%, and 22.5%, respectively. The prevalence of S. aureus in the knife and butcher was found to be 2.8 (OR = 2.8, CI = 1.2–6.4) and 2.4 (OR = 2.4, CI = 1.6–3.6) times that of the abattoir results (p < 0.01). The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was also conducted on 133 isolates of S. aureus using the disc diffusion susceptibility method. Bacitracin, neomycin, and methicillin were found to be 100% resistant to S. aureus. To avoid the presence of pathogenic Staphylococcus isolates, preventive measures using good hygienic practices during slaughtering and handling of the beef carcasses are recommended.
Gonadosomatic and Hepatosomatic Indices of Freshwater Fish Oreochromis mossambicus in Response to a Plant Nutrient

Plant nutrients have been used extensively and aggressively by the Indian farmers for the production of the crops. These chemicals pollute freshwater bodies through agricultural runoff. The present study was carried out to determine the toxicity of micronutrient Librel on freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus. TM The LC value (5000 mg L ) was obtained and the fishes were exposed to sublethal concentration (250 mg L ) 50 11 for the period of 45 days. Reproductive aspects in addition to condition factor, gonadosomatic index (GSI) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) were analyzed based on weight of the body length, Total body weight and organ weights of the fish. The results obtained indicated adverse effects on the gonads as well as on liver weight. These GSI and HSI alterations were accompanied by histopathological changes in liver, ovary as well as in testis. This study is the first histological evidence of reproduction disturbance related to a micronutrient Librel and the high levels of gonad and liver histopathology recorded raise concerns about the long-term TM
Two distinct superconducting pairing states divided by the nematic end point in FeSe1−xSx

Scanning tunneling microscopy reveals the relationship between nematicity and superconductivity in an iron-based superconductor. Unconventional superconductivity often competes or coexists with other electronic orders. In iron-based superconductors, a central issue has been the relationship between superconductivity and electronic nematicity, spontaneous breaking of the lattice rotational symmetry. Using spectroscopic-imaging scanning tunneling microscopy, we simultaneously investigated the electronic structure and the superconducting gap in FeSe1−xSx, where the nematicity diminishes above the nematic end point (NEP) at x = 0.17. The nematic band structure appears as anisotropic quasiparticle-interference patterns that gradually become isotropic with increasing x without anomalies at the NEP. By contrast, the superconducting gap, which is intact in the nematic phase, discontinuously shrinks above the NEP. This implies that the presence or absence of nematicity results in two distinct pairing states, whereas the pairing interaction is insensitive to the strength of nematicity.
Development of in situ Ophthalmic gel of Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate and Chloramphenicol : A Viable Alternative to Conventional Eye Drops

Article history: Received on: 19/07/2016 Accepted on: 22/08/2016 Available online: 30/03/2017 Context: Poor bioavailability (<10%) of drugs from conventional eye drops is mainly due to the various precorneal loss factors which include rapid tear turnover, systemic drug absorption through naso-lachrymal duct, transient residence time of the drug solution in the cul-de-sac and the relative impermeability of the drugs to corneal epithelial membrane. Objective: The objective of present work was to develop sustain release in situ ophthalmic gel of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DXM) and chloramphenicol (CHL) using experimental design. Material and methods: Gellan gum (an ion sensitive polymer) in combination with carbopol 940 (pH sensitive polymer) were used as gelling agent. The developed formulations were characterized for clarity, pH, in vitro gelling capacity, viscosity, assay, in vitro drug release, mucoadhesive strength. Optimum formulation was selected based on validated quadratic polynomial equations developed using response surface methodology. Results and Discussion: The optimized formulation exhibited 0.2 N mucoadhesive strength; 4013 cps viscosity at physiological condition and 90% release of both drugs over a period of 10-12 hrs. Conclusion: Mucoadhesive in situ gel for prolong ocular delivery of DXM and CHL was developed using 3 2
In the blink of an eye

Immersive computer-generated environments (aka virtual reality, VR) are limited by the physical space around them, e.g., enabling natural walking in VR is only possible by perceptually-inspired locomotion techniques such as redirected walking (RDW). We introduce a completely new approach to imperceptible position and orientation redirection that takes advantage of the fact that even healthy humans are functionally blind for circa ten percent of the time under normal circumstances due to motor processes preventing light from reaching the retina (such as eye blinks) or perceptual processes suppressing degraded visual information (such as blink-induced suppression). During such periods of missing visual input, change blindness occurs, which denotes the inability to perceive a visual change such as the motion of an object or self-motion of the observer. We show that this phenomenon can be exploited in VR by synchronizing the computer graphics rendering system with the human visual processes for imperceptible camera movements, in particular to implement position and orientation redirection. We analyzed human sensitivity to such visual changes with detection thresholds, which revealed that commercial off-the-shelf eye trackers and head-mounted displays suffice to translate a user by circa 4 -- 9 cm and rotate the user by circa 2 -- 5 degrees in any direction, which could be accumulated each time the user blinks. Moreover, we show the potential for RDW, whose performance could be improved by approximately 50% when using our technique.
Virtuously Safe Reinforcement Learning

We show that when a third party, the adversary, steps into the two-party setting (agent and operator) of safely interruptible reinforcement learning, a trade-off has to be made between the probability of following the optimal policy in the limit, and the probability of escaping a dangerous situation created by the adversary. So far, the work on safely interruptible agents has assumed a perfect perception of the agent about its environment (no adversary), and therefore implicitly set the second probability to zero, by explicitly seeking a value of one for the first probability. We show that (1) agents can be made both interruptible and adversary-resilient, and (2) the interruptibility can be made safe in the sense that the agent itself will not seek to avoid it. We also solve the problem that arises when the agent does not go completely greedy, i.e. issues with safe exploration in the limit. Resilience to perturbed perception, safe exploration in the limit, and safe interruptibility are the three pillars of what we call \emph{virtuously safe reinforcement learning}.
Involvement of ethylene signaling in Azospirillum sp. B510-induced disease resistance in rice

ABSTRACT A bacterial endophyte Azospirillum sp. B510 induces systemic disease resistance in the host without accompanying defense-related gene expression. To elucidate molecular mechanism of this induced systemic resistance (ISR), involvement of ethylene (ET) was examined using OsEIN2-knockdown mutant rice. Rice blast inoculation assay and gene expression analysis indicated that ET signaling is required for endophyte-mediated ISR in rice. Abbreviations: ACC: 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid; EIN2: ethylene-insensitive protein 2; ET: ethylene; ISR: induced systemic resistance; JA: jasmonic acid; RNAi: RNA interference; SA: salicylic acid; SAR: systemic acquired resistance
Synthesis and Characterization of Polycaprolactone-Based Polyurethanes for the Fabrication of Elastic Guided Bone Regeneration Membrane

The aim of this research is to synthesize polycaprolactone-based polyurethanes (PCL-based PUs) that can be further used for the fabrication of guided bone regeneration (GBR) membranes with higher tensile strength and elongation at break than collagen and PTFE membranes. The PCL-based PUs were prepared by the polymerization of polycaprolactone (PCL) diol with 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) at different ratios using either polyethylene glycol (PEG) or ethylenediamine (EDA) as chain extenders. The chemical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the synthesized polymers were determined using NMR, FTIR, GPC, DSC, and tensile tester. The PCL and polyurethanes were fabricated as nanofiber membranes by electrospinning, and their mechanical properties and SEM morphology were also investigated. In vitro tests, including WST-1 assay, SEM of cells, and phalloidin cytoskeleton staining, were also performed. It was shown that electrospun membranes made of PCL and PCL-HDI-PEG (2 : 3 : 1) possessed tensile strength of 19.84 MPa and 11.72 MPa and elongation at break of 627% and 362%, respectively. These numbers are equivalent or higher than most of the commercially available collagen and PTFE membrane. As a result, these membranes may have potential for future GBR applications.
Combined large Hill–Sachs and bony Bankart lesions treated by Latarjet and partial humeral head resurfacing: a report of 2 cases

Ignoring a large deficit may lead to failure of the soft tissue Bankart repair. We present the cases of 2 patients whose shoulders required interventions for both the humeral head and the glenoid to remain stable. We reconstructed the glenoid using a Latarjet procedure, and we treated the Hill–Sachs lesion with focal arthroplasty using the HemiCAP implant (Arthrosurface), a novel approach to the problem. At 1 year follow-up, neither patient had experienced a recurrence.
Screening Upper Endoscopy for Early Detection of Gastric Cancer

https://jkms.org Gastric cancer (GC) incidence rate in Korea is very high (52.7 for men and 21.4 for women per 100,000, age-standardized in 2014). Symptoms in early stage of GC are minimal or nonspecific, therefore, GC is usually diagnosed by screening upper endoscopy.1 In everyday life, prevention of GC is important. The primary prevention of GC consists of Helicobacter pylori treatment and modifications of daily life habits to avoid GC development. The secondary prevention of GC consists of early diagnosis of early gastric cancer (EGC) for appropriate treatment. Knowledge of GC screening and surveillance data by literature are important for planning the secondary prevention of GC.
A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian–Famennian boundary

The species of the Late Devonian, earliest Famennian placoderm fish Bothriolepis jeremejevi has been downranked to subspecies Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi comb. nov. in a result of detailed morphological studies of the type specimens and abundant new material from the type locality of the Sosnogorsk Formation, South Timan, Komi Republic, Russia. This taxon closely resembles Bothriolepis leptocheira leptocheira from Scotland, B. leptocheira curonica from Latvia, and B. leptocheira ssp. from Severnaya Zemlya differing only in small deviations of the size, proportions and shape of some plates of the armour. The composition of vertebrate assemblages from Scotland, Latvia, and Severnaya Zemlya containing B. leptocheira demonstrates a reduced diversity of antiarch placoderm, acanthodian, and sarcopterygian fishes; however, the Sosnogorsk assemblage differs in a larger diversity containing very primitive tetrapod and diversified sarcopterygian fishes including dipnoans and porolepiforms but lacking acanthodians. Wide distribution of a single species of Bothriolepis and usually diminished diversity of vertebrates suggest that the earliest Famennian vertebrate assemblages conform the survival faunas of the latest Frasnian–earliest Famennian biotic crisis.
Aspect based sentiment analysis of students opinion using machine learning techniques

Recent times, customer wants to share good and bad opinions about their experience like usage of recently purchased product, services provided by a hospital, education and so on over social media, micro blogs, review sites and etc. Today smart phones become mandatory for most of the college students. They share their experience and feelings immediately over internet applications with others. Student opinions can be collected through the internet applications and can be categorized based on various entities. We propose a new method of analyzing online student feedback collected from twitter API by measuring semantic relatedness between aspect word and student opinion sentence. The results of this work will help the students to improve their studies and helps the instructors to improve their teaching skills. In this work classification and clustering techniques have been used to categorize the opinions.
Determination of Spearman Correlation Coefficient (r) to Evaluate the Linear Association of Dermal Collagen and Elastic Fibers in the Perspectives of Skin Injury

Background Difference in scar formation at different sites, in different directions at the same site, but with changes in the elasticity of skin with age, sex, and race or in some pathological conditions, is well known to clinicians. The inappropriate collagen syntheses and delayed or lack of epithelialization are known to induce scar formation with negligible elasticity at the site of damage. Changes in the elasticity of scars may be due to an unequal distribution of dermal collagen (C) and elastic (E) fibers. Materials and Methods Spearman correlation coefficients (r) of collagen and elastic fibers in horizontal (H) and in vertical (V) directions (variables CV, CH, EV, and EH) were measured from the respective quantitative fraction data in 320 skin samples from 32 human cadavers collected at five selected sites over extremities. Results Spearman's correlation analysis revealed the statistically significant (p < 0.01) strong positive correlation between CH and CV in all the areas, that is, shoulder joint area (r = 0.66), wrist (r = 0.75), forearm (r = 0.75), and thigh (r = 0.80), except at the ankle (r = 0.26, p = 0.14) region. Similarly, positive correlation between EH and EV has been observed at the forearm (r = 0.65, moderate) and thigh (r = 0.42, low) regions. However, a significant moderate negative correlation was observed between CV and EV at the forearm (r = −0.51) and between CH and EH at the thigh region (r = −0.65). Conclusion Significant differences of correlations of collagen and elastic fibers in different directions from different areas of extremities were noted. This may be one of the possible anatomical reasons of scar behavior in different areas and different directions of the same area.
Enhanced Anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis Immunity over Time with Combined Drug and Immunotherapy Treatment

It is estimated that one third of the world’s population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). This astounding statistic, in combination with costly and lengthy treatment regimens make the development of therapeutic vaccines paramount for controlling the global burden of tuberculosis. Unlike prophylactic vaccination, therapeutic immunization relies on the natural pulmonary infection with Mtb as the mucosal prime that directs boost responses back to the lung. The purpose of this work was to determine the protection and safety profile over time following therapeutic administration of our lead Mtb vaccine candidate, ID93 with a synthetic TLR4 agonist (glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant in a stable emulsion (GLA-SE)), in combination with rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide (RHZ) drug treatment. We assessed the host inflammatory immune responses and lung pathology 7–22 weeks post infection, and determined the therapeutic efficacy of combined treatment by enumeration of the bacterial load and survival in the SWR/J mouse model. We show that drug treatment alone, or with immunotherapy, tempered the inflammatory responses measured in brochoalveolar lavage fluid and plasma compared to untreated cohorts. RHZ combined with therapeutic immunizations significantly enhanced TH1-type cytokine responses in the lung over time, corresponding to decreased pulmonary pathology evidenced by a significant decrease in the percentage of lung lesions and destructive lung inflammation. These data suggest that bacterial burden assessment alone may miss important correlates of lung architecture that directly contribute to therapeutic vaccine efficacy in the preclinical mouse model. We also confirmed our previous finding that in combination with antibiotics therapeutic immunizations provide an additive survival advantage. Moreover, therapeutic immunizations with ID93/GLA-SE induced differential T cell immune responses over the course of infection that correlated with periods of enhanced bacterial control over that of drug treatment alone. Here we advance the immunotherapy model and investigate reliable correlates of protection and Mtb control.
Detection of bone disease by hybrid SST-watershed x-ray image segmentation

Detection of diagnostic features from X-ray images is favorable due to the low cost of these images. Accurate detection of the bone metastasis region greatly assists physicians to monitor the treatment and to remove the cancerous tissue by surgery. A hybrid SST-watershed algorithm, here, efficiently detects the boundary of the diseased regions. Shortest Spanning Tree (SST), based on graph theory, is one of the most powerful tools in grey level image segmentation. The method converts the images into arbitrary-shape closed segments of distinct grey levels. To do that, the image is initially mapped to a tree. Then using RSST algorithm the image is segmented to a certain number of arbitrary-shaped regions. However, in fine segmentation, over-segmentation causes loss of objects of interest. In coarse segmentation, on the other hand, SST-based method suffers from merging the regions belonged to different objects. By applying watershed algorithm, the large segments are divided into the smaller regions based on the number of catchment's basins for each segment. The process exploits bi-level watershed concept to separate each multi-lobe region into a number of areas each corresponding to an object (in our case a cancerous region of the bone,) disregarding their homogeneity in grey level.
Glucose Testing and Lifestyle Counseling of Obese and Overweight Patients: A Survey of Primary Care Physicians in the United States

Volume 1 | Issue 2 Glucose Testing and Lifestyle Counseling of Obese and Overweight Patients: A Survey of Primary Care Physicians in the United States Casagrande S*1, Cowie CC2, Yanovski SZ2, Smith AW3, Ballard R3, Lee R4 and Staten M2 1Social & Scientific Systems, Inc., Silver Spring, Maryland, USA 2National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA 3National Cancer Institute, Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland, USA 4Information Management Services, Inc., Calverton, Maryland, USA *Corresponding author: Casagrande S, PhD, Social & Scientific Systems, Inc., 8757 Georgia Ave, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA 20910, E-mail: scasagrande@s-3.com Research Article Open Access