Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Results From Mexico's 2016 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth.

BACKGROUND The 2016 Mexican Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth aims to assess how Mexico is doing in terms of providing physical activity (PA) opportunities for Mexican children and youth. The purpose of this article is to summarize results from the Mexican 2016 Report Card. METHODS A literature search was conducted in Spanish and English languages using major databases, and complemented with a review of government/nongovernment documents, websites, and national health surveys. Information on the 9 indicators outlined in the Global Matrix of Report Card Grades was extracted. A team of Mexican experts met to discuss and assign a grade on each indicator based on the best available evidence and established benchmarks. RESULTS Daily behaviors grades were Overall PA (C), Organized Sport Participation (D), Active Play (D-), Active Transportation (C), and Sedentary Behavior (D). For Settings and Sources of Influence, grades were Family and Peers (INC), School (D-), and Community and Environment (D). Strategies and Investments grades were Government Strategies (C) and Non-Government (F). CONCLUSIONS PA and sedentary behaviors among Mexican children and youth remain below the recommended levels. Government and communities are far from providing appropriate and sufficient physical activity opportunities for children and youth.
[Inhibitory effect of ginkgolide B on angiogenesis in chronic inflammation].

AIM To investigate the inhibitory effect of ginkgolide B on angiogenesis in chronic inflammation and the possible mechanisms. METHODS The murine chronic granulomatous air pouch model was used to observe the anti-angiogenesis effect of ginkgolide B. The vascular index was determined by colorimetry of carminic acid, and angiogenesis was observed by histology method. The interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) levels in mice serum and in supernatants of U937 cell culture stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) were detected by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels in mice serum and in supernatant of U937 cell culture were measured by cytotoxicity bioassay. The mRNA expression of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha of U937 cell culture was investigated by RT-PCR. RESULTS Oral administration of ginkgolide B 25 and 100 mg x kg(-1) was shown to significantly inhibit the vascular index of murine chronic granulomatous air pouch model with the inhibitory rate of 22.52% and 25.29%, respectively. This result was supported by histological observation. Concomitantly, the IL-1beta levels in mice serums were also significantly decreased with the inhibitory rate of 50.61% and 58.66%; so were the TNF-alpha levels with the inhibitory rate of 28.91% and 52.41%. Ginkgolide B at concentration of 1 x 10(-5) to 1 x 10(-8) mol x L(-1) could also reduce both the IL-1beta and TNF-alpha contents in the supernatants of U937 cell culture stimulated by PMA, but the scopes of changes were much different. For IL-1beta the IC50 was 1.93 x 10(-8) mol x L(-1), while ginkgolide B at concentration of 1 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1) only decreased the release of TNF-alpha by 25.99%. Furthermore, ginkgolide B at concentrations of 1 x 10(-5) to 1 x 10(-7) mol x L(-1) was shown to significantly inhibit TNF-alpha mRNA expression of U937 cells; and at concentrations of 1 x 10(-5) and 1 x 10(-6) mol x L(-1) could inhibit IL-1beta mRNA expression. CONCLUSION Ginkgolide B was shown to significantly inhibit angiogenesis of the murine chronic granulomatous air pouch model, reduce the IL-1beta and TNF-alpha levels in mice serums, and significantly inhibit IL-1beta and TNF-alpha mRNA expression and protein secretion in supernatants of U937 cell culture. It was suggested that reduction of proangiogenic cytokines IL-1beta and TNF-alpha secretion may contribute to the anti-angiogenesis effect of ginkgolide B in the murine chronic granulomatous air pouch model.
Tempo and mode in evolution.

George Gaylord Simpson said in his classic Tempo and Mode in Evolution (1) that paleontologists enjoy special advantages over geneticists on two evolutionary topics. One general topic, suggested by the word "tempo," has to do with "evolutionary rates. , their acceleration and deceleration, the conditions of exceptionally slow or rapid evolutions, and phenomena suggestive of inertia and momentum. " A group of related problems, implied by the word "mode," involves "the study of the way, manner, or pattern of evolution, a study in which tempo is a basic factor, but which embraces considerably more than tempo" (pp. xvii-xviii). Simpson's book was self-consciously written in the wake of Theodosius Dobzhansky's Genetics and the Origin of Species (2). The title of Dobzhansky's book suggested its theme: the role of genetics in explaining "the origin of species"-i.e., a synthesis of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection and the maturing science of genetics. In the introduction to his book, Simpson averred that an essential part of his study was an "attempted synthesis of paleontology and genetics," an effort that pervaded the whole book, but was particularly the subject of the first two chapters, which accounted for nearly half the book's pages. Darwin believed that evolutionary change occurs by natural selection of small individual differences appearing every generation within any species. Singly the changes effected by selection are small but, given enough time, great changes can take place. Two of Darwin's most dedicated supporters, Thomas Huxley and Francis Galton, argued instead that evolution occurs by selection of discontinuous variations, or sports; evolution proceeds rapidly by discrete leaps. According to Huxley, if natural selection operates only upon gradual differences among individuals, the gaps between existing species and in the paleontological record could not be explained. For Galton, evolution was not a smooth and uniform process, but proceeded by "jerks," some of which imply considerable organic change. This controversy was continued in the latter part of the nineteenth century by the biometricians Karl Pearson and W. F. R. Weldon, who believed, like Darwin, in the primary importance of common individual differences, and by the geneticist William Bateson, who maintained the primary importance of discontinuous variations. The rediscovery of Mendelian inheritance in 1900 provided what might have been common grounds to resolve the conflict. Instead, the dispute between biometricians and geneticists extended to continental Europe and to the United States. Bateson was the champion of the Mendelians, many of whom accepted the mutation theory proposed by De Vries, and denied that natural selection played a major role in evolution. The biometricians for their part argued that Mendelian characters were sports of little importance to the evolutionary process.
Preeclampsia: From Inflammation to Immunoregulation

Preeclampsia (PE) affects 5% to 7% of pregnant women each year worldwide, accounts for up to 18% of maternal deaths in the United States each year, and is the number 1 cause of premature births. Preeclampsia is associated with hypertension after the 20th week of gestation with or without proteinuria, in conjunction with fetal growth restriction, maternal endothelial dysfunction, and chronic immune activation. The mechanisms leading to the development of PE are unclear. However, it is thought that shallow trophoblast invasion and insufficient remodeling of uterine spiral arteries result in placental ischemia. Consequently, an immune imbalance characterized by increases in proinflammatory CD4+ T cells and cytokines along with decreases in regulatory T cells and anti-inflammatory cytokines occurs. This imbalance leads to chronic inflammation and ensuing oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokines, and autoantibodies. Studies performed in our laboratories, using the Reduced Uterine Perfusion Pressure (RUPP) rat model of placental ischemia, have demonstrated a role for this immune imbalance to mediate PE pathophysiology and identified potential mechanisms of immunoregulation that may be of benefit in the treatment of PE. Therefore, the purpose of this commentary is to review studies demonstrating the positive effects of immunoregulatory factors in the RUPP rat model of PE. Restoration of the immune balance in PE may be a potential strategy for the development of therapeutic interventions that could improve maternal and fetal outcomes associated with this maternal syndrome.
Cloning and mapping of the genetic determinants for microcin B17 production and immunity

Plasmid pMccB17 (70 kilobases [kb]) codes for the production of microcin B17, a peptide that inhibits DNA synthesis, and for microcin B17 immunity. A BamHI-EcoRI fragment of 5.1 kb from pMccB17 was cloned into pBR322 in two steps. The resulting plasmid (pMM102) overproduced microcin B17 and expressed immunity against microcin. Mcc- and Mcc- Imm- mutants were isolated on plasmids pMccB17 and pMM102 by deleting various DNA fragments and by inserting different translocatable elements. Physical and phenotypic characterization of these mutants showed that a DNA region of 3.0 to 3.5 kb is required to produce microcin B17, whereas an adjacent region of about 1.0 kb is required to express microcin B17 immunity.
The function and fine structure of the cephalic airflow receptor in Schistocerca gregaria.

Electron micrographs of parts of the sense organ showed that the dendritic axis consisted of a large and a small envelope containing microtubules as their main inclusion. The envelopes are supported by a thick-walled tube believed to be part of the Ist-tier sheath cells. The small envelope is segregated from the large envelope near its apex by a fold of the tube wall. The packing of the neurotubular array within the small envelope is both more dense and more regular than within the large envelope. The tube is separated by an extracellular space from the trichogen-tormogen cell. Sections through the apex of the dendrite reveal a homogeneous cap unlikely to be part of a structure continued into the upper region of the hair shaft. No ciliary structures were visible within the dendrite, whose microtubules pass into the neuron cell body proximally. Sections through the neuron cell body reveal branched mitochondria, and numerous microtubules. Rates of discharge in sensory axons from these hair organs produced by deflexion of the hair shaft were found to be within the range 300-100 impulses/sec. There is an initial phase of rapid adaptation which gives place to a steady rate. It is suggested that the fine structure of the receptor may indicate mechano-electrical transduction at a more proximal level than is believed to be the case in some other types of receptor. The diaphragms that support the hair shaft laterally can be seen to be composed of fine cuticular strands.
Right and left myocardial antioxidant responses during heart failure subsequent to myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND Heart failure subsequent to myocardial infarction (MI) is accompanied by depressed antioxidants and increased oxidative stress in the myocardium. Antioxidant enzyme activities and oxidative stress were examined in the viable left (LV) and right (RV) ventricles in relation to their hemodynamic function. METHODS AND RESULTS The left coronary artery in rats was ligated. At 1 week after MI, LV systolic pressure (LVSP), LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), and RV end-diastolic pressure (RVEDP) remained near control values, whereas RV systolic pressure (RVSP) was significantly elevated. In the 4, 8, and 16 week post-MI animals, LVSP was significantly reduced, with values of 112.0+/-1.57, 99.9+/-0.52, and 89.2+/-1.4 mm Hg, whereas LVEDP was significantly elevated, with values of 8.2+/-0.52, 17.4+/-1.7, and 31.4+/-1.5 mm Hg, respectively. RVEDP was higher at 8 and 16 weeks, and RVSP was significantly reduced at 16 weeks. At 1 week after MI, myocardial catalase activity in the LV was maintained near control levels, whereas in the RV, it was 134% compared with its control value. At 4, 8, and 16 weeks, catalase activity in the LV was 71%, 48%, and 28% of respective controls. Catalase activity in the RV was significantly reduced only at 16 weeks. A similar trend was seen with respect to glutathione peroxidase activity. Reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio was significantly depressed in the LV at 1, 4, 8, and 16 weeks, whereas in the RV, this ratio was significantly reduced only at 8 and 16 weeks. Myocardial lipid peroxidation in the LV at 4, 8, and 16 weeks was elevated by approximately 40%, 51%, and 100%, respectively, whereas in the RV, an increase of approximately 50% was seen only at 16 weeks. CONCLUSIONS These data show that heart failure subsequent to MI is associated with an antioxidant deficit as well as increased oxidative stress, first in the LV, followed by the RV. Furthermore, these changes correlated with the hemodynamic function in each of the ventricles, suggesting their role in the pathogenesis of ventricular dysfunction.
Toward a quantitative theory of intrinsically disordered proteins and their function

A large number of proteins are sufficiently unstable that their full 3D structure cannot be resolved. The origins of this intrinsic disorder are not well understood, but its ubiquitous presence undercuts the principle that a protein's structure determines its function. Here we present a quantitative theory that makes predictions regarding the role of intrinsic disorder in protein structure and function. In particular, we discuss the implications of analytical solutions of a series of fundamental thermodynamic models of protein interactions in which disordered proteins are characterized by positive folding free energies. We validate our predictions by assigning protein function by using the gene ontology classification—in which “protein binding”, “catalytic activity”, and “transcription regulator activity” are the three largest functional categories—and by performing genome-wide surveys of both the amount of disorder in these functional classes and binding affinities for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes. Specifically, without assuming any a priori structure–function relationship, the theory predicts that both catalytic and low-affinity binding (Kd ≳10−7 M) proteins prefer ordered structures, whereas only high-affinity binding proteins (found mostly in eukaryotes) can tolerate disorder. Relevant to both transcription and signal transduction, the theory also explains how increasing disorder can tune the binding affinity to maximize the specificity of promiscuous interactions. Collectively, these studies provide insight into how natural selection acts on folding stability to optimize protein function.
Finding Aggregate Proximity Relationships and Commonalities in Spatial Data Mining

Studies two spatial knowledge discovery problems involving proximity relationships between clusters and features. The first problem is: given a cluster of points, how can we efficiently find features (represented as polygons) that are closest to the majority of points in the cluster? We measure proximity in an aggregate sense due to the nonuniform distribution of points in a cluster (e.g. houses on a map), and the different shapes and sizes of features (e.g. natural or man-made geographic features). The second problem is: given n clusters of points, how can we extract the aggregate proximity commonalities (i.e. features) that apply to most, if not all, of the n clusters? Regarding the first problem, the main contribution of the paper is the development of Algorithm CRH (Circle, Rectangle and Hull), which uses geometric approximations (i.e. encompassing circles, isothetic rectangles and convex hulls) to filter and select features. The highly scalable and incremental Algorithm CRH can examine over 50,000 features and their spatial relationships with a given cluster in approximately one second of CPU time. Regarding the second problem, the key contribution is the development of Algorithm GenCom (Generalization for Commonality extraction) that makes use of concept generalization to effectively derive many meaningful commonalities that cannot be found otherwise.
SECURE THREE FACTOR AUTHENTICATION SCHEME WITH MOBILE PROTECTION

This paper explore a systematic approach for authenticating clients by three factors, namely password, smart card, face recognisation and GSM (OTP). A Three-Factor Authentication Scheme Using Smart Card with Mobile Protection systems, various resources and services need protection from unaccredited use. A generic and secure framework is proposed to upgrade two-factor authentication to three-factor authentication. The conversion not only improves the information assurance at low cost but also protects client privacy in distributed systems. The configuration is easy to implement. This paper proposes an authentication method which is based not only on the password and the user ID but also on the biometric input and the OTP as part of the security within different. However, this authentication scheme is unprotected to imitation attacks and middle man attacks. An attacker could impersonate authorized users to login and access the remote server. Full papers are expected to be between 6 pages (minimum) and 8 pages (normal maximum) in length. Please use this as a template for your paper.
Closed-loop least mean square time-delay estimator

An LMS closed-loop time-delay estimator is presented. It uses the error between two samples of the incoming signal (the difference between the delayed signal and the reference signal passed through a known delay) as a performance index for the estimator. The LMS algorithm adaptively controls the delay so as to minimize the mean square of this error. The controlled delay is implemented using surface acoustic wave devices. Certain design conditions are applied, resulting in a unique minimum for the performance surface. It is shown that the proposed estimator is unbiased and has a small variance if the input signal occupies most of the system bandwidth. In fact, the variance depends on the input noise power and the generalized noise-to-signal power ratio, R"_{n}(0)/R"_{s}(0) , as well as on the loop gain. The analysis performed also gives a bound on the loop gain required for convergence of the estimator and predicts its rate of convergence. Computer simulation results show good agreement with the theory.
Design of Marchand balun of spiral shape using physical transformer model on silicon integrated passive device substrate

A simple and effective technique for designing integrated Marchand balun is presented in this paper. The approach uses the physical transformer model to replace the lossy coupled transmission lines in a conventional design. As a demonstration and validation of the design approach, a spiral-shaped Marchand balun using silicon integrated passive device (IPD) technology has been carried out to provide low insertion loss and high common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) over a remarkably wide bandwidth around an operating center frequency of 2.45 GHz. Comparison among modeled, EM simulated and measured results shows good agreement.
THERAPEUTIC UTILITY OF MANGROVES - A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Herbal medicines have been used throughout the world from ancient time. Mangroves are a collection of plants growing in saline coastal areas are the richest source of secondary metabolites which possess wide range of bioactive properties. Numerous mangrove plants have been used in folklore medicines due to the presence of these bioactive components. Most of the mangroves identified are possessing antimicrobial properties. Apart from the medicinal properties, they also protect the vulnerable coastlines from wave action by holding the soil together and prevent coastal erosion.
Perceptual component selection in sinusoidal coding of audio

This paper presents a new method for selecting the sinusoids in a hybrid audio signal model consisting of sinusoidal, transient, and noise (STN) components. The method relies on a new methodology for ranking and selection of the most perceptually relevant sinusoids. We call this method excitation similarity weighting (ESW) ranking and selection procedure. Whereas current coders tend to choose maximum signal-to-mask ratio components the ESW methodology seeks to maximize the matching between the excitation patterns evoked by the coded and original signals on a short-time basis. It is shown that the proposed method provides a perceptual improvement.
Evaluation of sonographic renal parenchymal area in the management of hydronephrosis.

PURPOSE We used quantitative parameters of renal sonography to differentiate children with significant obstruction requiring surgical intervention from those without significant obstruction who were followed conservatively. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the records of children who underwent evaluation for hydronephrosis. Those with a history of vesicoureteral reflux, anatomical abnormalities or neurogenic bladder were excluded from study. Patients were divided according to hydronephrosis grade into groups 1-grades III and IV followed conservatively, 2-grades III and IV requiring surgical intervention, 3-unilateral grade II and 4-bilateral. All images were scanned into a computer. Renal parenchymal and pelvic area was determined using National Institutes of Health image software. Parenchymal-to-pelvic area ratios were calculated from all images. We evaluated the ability of these measurements to determine the likelihood of surgical intervention. RESULTS The records of 81 children were available for analysis. Deterioration in parenchymal area growth was a predictor of surgical intervention. Such patients had catch-up growth of the affected kidney after pyeloplasty. A parenchymal-to-pelvic area ratio of greater than 1.6 on the initial ultrasound study after birth predicted cases that would need pyeloplasty in the future (p <0.05). No patient with grade II hydronephrosis required surgical intervention. CONCLUSIONS Following serial parenchymal area on serial ultrasound is useful for evaluating children with hydronephrosis. Those with a parenchymal area below the nomogram for growth usually require pyeloplasty. A parenchymal-to-pelvic area ratio of less than 1.6 on the initial ultrasound study after birth in patients with prenatally diagnosed ureteropelvic junction obstruction or on initial ultrasound in those diagnosed postnatally indicated the need for surgical intervention in this limited series.
Sensing Urban Land-Use Patterns By Integrating Google Tensorflow And Scene-Classification Models

Abstract. With the rapid progress of China’s urbanization, research on the automatic detection of land-use patterns in Chinese cities is of substantial importance. Deep learning is an effective method to extract image features. To take advantage of the deep-learning method in detecting urban land-use patterns, we applied a transfer-learning-based remote-sensing image approach to extract and classify features. Using the Google Tensorflow framework, a powerful convolution neural network (CNN) library was created. First, the transferred model was previously trained on ImageNet, one of the largest object-image data sets, to fully develop the model’s ability to generate feature vectors of standard remote-sensing land-cover data sets (UC Merced and WHU-SIRI). Then, a random-forest-based classifier was constructed and trained on these generated vectors to classify the actual urban land-use pattern on the scale of traffic analysis zones (TAZs). To avoid the multi-scale effect of remote-sensing imagery, a large random patch (LRP) method was used. The proposed method could efficiently obtain acceptable accuracy (OA = 0.794, Kappa = 0.737) for the study area. In addition, the results show that the proposed method can effectively overcome the multi-scale effect that occurs in urban land-use classification at the irregular land-parcel level. The proposed method can help planners monitor dynamic urban land use and evaluate the impact of urban-planning schemes.