Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The genetic basis of female mate preferences

We review the evidence for genetic variation in female and male mate preferences. Genetic differences between species and partially isolated races show that preferences can evolve and were genetically variable in the past. Within populations there is good evidence of genetic variation, both of discrete genetic effects (8 cases) and quantitative genetic effects (17 cases), from a diverse range of taxa. We also review evidence for the presence of genetic covariance between mate preferences and sexual traits in the other sex. The 11 studies go a long way to validating the theoretical prediction of positive genetic covariance. The few negative results are best explained by a lack of appropriate experimental design. One unresolved question is whether genetic covariance is due to linkage disequilibrium between unlinked genes or physical linkage. Some evidence points to linkage disequilibrium but this is not yet conclusive.
Effets des prostaglandines PGF2α sur l'éjection du lait de la brebis. Conséquences de l'ovariectomie accompagnée ou non d'une complémentation œstroprogestative

: The intrajugular administration of 200 micrograms of Dinolytic (tromethamine salt of PGF2 alpha) to lactating ewes caused an intramammary pressure (IMP) increase only during the luteal phase of the sexual cycle (group A). The increase in progesteronemia, induced by three daily injections of 2.5 micrograms of LH-RH, did not modify response amplitude (group B). On the other hand, bilateral ovariectomy (groupe C) led to the suppression of those responses, but supplementary oestroprogestative (table 1) did not re-establish them. It is probable that the milk ejection caused by PGF2 alpha resulted from a release of oxytocin by the corpus luteum. The ineffectiveness of the exogenous and endogenous reinforcement of progesterone therefore suggests that this hormone plays no part in the putative control of hypothalamic receptivity to prostaglandins.
Régression polynomiale par morceaux pour la propagation de fissures

Un moteur d'avion est constitue de plusieurs familles de materiaux qui subissent de multiples mecanismes de degradation des leur fabrication mais egalement pendant leur cycle de vol (decollage, atterrissage, pressurisation, manœuvre du pilote,.), ou encore lors de son repos au sol. Un de ces mecanismes est lie au phenomene de fatigue, qui represente la degradation subie par une piece du fait de sollicitations cycliques repetees. Cette degradation se traduit par l'amorcage d'une fissure et sa propagation jusqu'a rupture de la piece. La prediction de la duree de vie en propagation des pieces est donc un point tres sensible puisqu'elle impacte a la fois le dimensionnement (etape prealable a la conception des pieces) et les procedures de maintenance (reparation ou changement de la piece). Les calculs de durees de vie en propagation sont en partie realises a partir des lois d'evolutions phenomenologiques decrivant la vitesse d'avancee de la fissure dans un materiau en fonction de la contrainte appliquee. Dans l'objectif d'etudier ces donnees, qui sont susceptibles d'etre modelisees de facon continue et qui laissent observer plusieurs regimes de propagation, nous proposons un modele de regression polynomiale a plusieurs regimes, soumis a des hypotheses de regularite (continuite et/ou derivabilite). Suite a cela, nous avons developpe des methodes d'inference permettant d'estimer le nombre de regimes, les instants de transition et les parametres de chaque regime. Ces resultats ne seront exploitables par le bureau d'etudes que s'ils sont obtenus en des temps de calculs raisonnables c'est-a-dire de l'ordre de quelques minutes. Chaque nouvelle methode a donc ete concue dans l'objectif de reduire les temps de calculs necessaires a l'estimation des parametres du modele. De plus, comme le nombre de regimes presents dans les donnees n'est pas connu a priori, les deux dernieres methodes que nous proposons n'utilisent aucun a priori sur ce nombre pour estimer les parametres du modele. Le travail presente dans ce memoire fait l'objet d'une collaboration entre l'equipe de Probabilites et Statistique de l'Institut Elie Cartan de l'universite de Lorraine, l’equipe BIGS du centre Inria Nancy Grand Est et la societe Safran Aircraft Engines.
G Protein β Subunit Types Differentially Interact with a Muscarinic Receptor but Not Adenylyl Cyclase Type II or Phospholipase C-β2/3*

In comparison with the α subunit of G proteins, the role of the β subunit in signaling is less well understood. During the regulation of effectors by the βγ complex, it is known that the β subunit contacts effectors directly, whereas the role of the β subunit is undefined in receptor-G protein interaction. Among the five G protein β subunits known, the β4subunit type is the least studied. We compared the ability of βγ complexes containing β4 and the well characterized β1 to stimulate three different effectors: phospholipase C-β2, phospholipase C-β3, and adenylyl cyclase type II. β4γ2 and β1γ2 activated all three of these effectors with equal efficacy. However, nucleotide exchange in a G protein constituting αoβ4γ2 was stimulated significantly more by the M2 muscarinic receptor compared with αoβ1γ2. Because αo forms heterotrimers with β4γ2 and β1γ2equally well, these results show that the β subunit type plays a direct role in the receptor activation of a G protein.
Neotropical Plant Reproductive Strategies and Fossil Pollen Representation

A high potential for outcrossing is suggested to be the key reproductive character that determines representation of taxa in palynological records. In the tropics, where anemophily is a rare condition (ca. 2.5% of all trees), a disproportionate number of the most common pollen types found in sediment are anemophilous (ca. 27%). However, entomophilous species are not all underrepresented, as monoecious and dioecious species pollinated by small insects were also abundant in pollen records (73% of taxa in the most abundant pollen classes). A ranking of reproductive characters leading to outcrossing is suggested to predict the representation of pollen taxa within a pollen spectrum.
Capacity for short-term physiological acclimation to light does not control the lower depth distributions of branching corals

Light availability is a major constraint on the growth and physiological energetics of photosynthetic organisms such as reef-building corals. Despite extensive research on the mechanisms of coral photoacclimation, the extent to which the depth distributions of different species are controlled by their capacity for physiological acclimation to light availability remains unclear. This study quantified the capacity for physiological acclimation to light intensity in 4 geographically widespread and locally abundant coral species (Acropora digitifera, A. nasuta, A. millepora and A. muricata). We aimed to determine the extent of physiological plasticity of these coral species, and how variation in different physiological traits (including photosynthesis, particle feeding and symbiont density) contributed to determining their depth ranges. The results demonstrated that the capacity for short-term (9 d) physiological acclimation was generally limited for the 4 Acropora coral species. Out of the 7 physiological traits that we measured, and which are known to contribute to photoacclimation in other species, 4 did not significantly vary with light under field and laboratory conditions. Collectively, this study indicates that light availability is unlikely to set the lower depth of occurrence for branching coral species that have relatively shallow depth distributions. Furthermore the capacity for reversible plasticity in these corals appears insufficient to cover the large changes in physiology that are required to enable corals to expand their depth distributions. This study suggests that processes such as selective recruitment, depth-dependent uptake of different types of Symbiodinium and inter-specific competition are important determinants of the habitat distribution of reef corals.
The evolutionary ecology of mast seeding in trees

The hypothesis that masting by trees is a defensive strategy which satiates seed predators in mast years and starves them in the intervening periods is tested in 59 sets of data on the seed production and pre-dispersal seed-predation of 25 tree species. Twenty-lour of the 59 data-sets support the hypothesis and show a statistically significant positive relationship between the proportion of seeds surviving the pre-dispersal stage and the log10 of the crop size for the same year. Evidence that pre-dispersal seed survival increases with the length of the mast interval is poor. A positive relationship between the strength of the masting habit and the maxintum observed pre-dispersal seed mortality in a sample of 15 tree species suggests that the masting habit is best developed in predator-prone species. A survey of seed crop frequencies in the woody plant flora of Nortli America shows masting species to be under-represented amongst shrubs and amongst trees which disperse their seeds in fleshy dispersal units. The selection pressures and evolutionary constraints which operate on the evolution of masting plants and their seed predators are discussed.
FRAMEWORK FOR ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING BASED ON SABUNESE FOLKLORE AS A MEANS FOR ENRICHING LEXICAL KNOWLEDGE RELATED TO SABUNESE TRADITIONAL ECONOMIC SYSTEMS

This research aims to develop a framework for English language learning based on Sabunese folklore as a means for enriching lexical knowledge related to traditional economic systems within the Sabunese culture. Theoretical framework on which this research is based on is applied cultural linguistic which empowers local cultural products and practices of Sabunese people in form of folklores as the basis for modelling English language learning based on local culture. This research is that of a descriptive study which blends analysis and its application in form of framework development. Research results develop the English language learning framework based on Sabunese folklore which functions as an approach to enrichment of lexical knowledge related to traditional economic systems which encompasses agriculture, farming, and trading systems. The framework development is that of a single entry – multiple outputs, as the model provides several outputs besides enrichment approach to lexical knowledge related to traditional economic systems embedded within the Sabunese culture as the main focus of this research. The developed framework is applicable to other fields with necessary modifications depending on specific aims and context.
Effect of Physical Activities on Heat Production of White Leghorn Hens under Different Lighting Regimes

Six Single Comb White Leghorn laying hens (Shaver, Star cross 288) were used to estimate heat production (HP) for physical activities under different lighting regimes (LR) of 12L : 12D, 14L : 10D and 16L : 8D, respectively, fed ad libitum at 25°C. HP of each hen was measured by an open circuit indirect calorimeter for 48 h in each LR. Activity count (ACT), standing time (STN) and eating time (ETN) were also measured for the same 48 h. ACT was measured by the Actigraph, while STN and ETN were detected by the infra-red beam switches. The daily food intake (FI) did not vary significantly with the increase of LR. The daily ACT and STN increased significantly (P<0.05) during 16L : 8D in comparison with that of 12L : 12D, and HP had an increasing tendency with the increase of LR. LR may have no clear effect on the increase of HP. Physical activities increased with the increase of LR. Consequently, HP was also increased with the increasing ACT and STN. But the increase of daily HP for ACT and STN was 7 and 8 kJ/kg0.75, respectively, which is very little. ACT-related energy expenditure was approximately 22% of the daily HP. Similarly, the estimated energy expenditure for STN was approximately 27% of the daily HP.
Development and collapse of a Gymnodinium mikimotoi red tide in the Seto Inland Sea

A red tide due to Gymnodinium mikimotoi (Dinophyceae) occurred at Harima-nada, the Seto Inland Sea (Japan), in summer 1995. Throughout the development and collapse of the red tide, abundance of G. mikimotoi and its potential predators (heterotrophic dinoflagellates and ciliates) was monitored daily together with environmental variables. While a nitrate and phosphate cline was present at around 15 m, G. mikimotoi concentrations increased rapidly for about a week In the subsurface layer (5 to 15 m) Then the population suddenly accumulated at the surface layer in the daytime and formed a red tide (ca 3 X 103 ml-'). Following the red tide formation, the abundance of naked heterotrophic dinoflagellates (h-dlnos) started to Increase. Subsequently, the abundance of the tintlnnid c111ate Favella ehrenbergii increased (ca 10 ml-'1 and apparently consumed G. mikimotoj and h-dinos completely within a few days. On the basis of these results, the ecological differences between G. mikimotoi and Chattonella antiqua (Raphidophyceae; another representative red tide forming species in the Seto Inland Sea) are discussed, as well as the importance of microzooplankton grazing for the collapse of red tides.
Competitive effects on the structure of subalpine meadow communities

The effects of competition in a subalpine meadow environment were investigated by comparing within-habitat distributions and species overlap in four communities. Based on experimental studies of these communities, it was hypothesized that structural patterns should be affected by productivity changes. It was determined that such changes are nonlinear and that the most stressed and the most competitive communities share many similar properties. Among closed, relatively productive communities, mean niche width, niche width of competitively inferior species, total overlap, and overlap among weak competitors all declined with increased competitive intensity. In contrast, niche width of dominant species changed little and overlap among space-holding species increased. The use of comparative pattern measures can complement and enhance the analysis of community structure and dynamics based on experimental methods.
Realities of Ukrainian industrial enterprises on the way to smartization

Introduction. The onset of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is already affecting all processes of humanity, in all spheres, at all levels. The industry is the driving force behind sustainable development. However, with technological advances in a few years, a completely new era will emerge that will change significant business processes, introduce new business models, use scarce resources and economically adapted products. Ukrainian enterprises do not stand aside from this process, but they do little to investigate the extent to which Ukrainian enterprises are ready for FIRs to emerge. The purpose of the paper is to explore the achievements of Ukrainian industrial enterprises on the road to smartization. Results. The Fourth Industrial Revolution is expected to turn manufacturing into a driving force for global development radically. Ukraine does not stand aside: in September 2015, at the 70th session of the UN General Assembly in New York, the UN Summit on Sustainable Development and the Adoption of the Post-2015 Development Agenda approved new benchmarks. Ukraine, like other UN member states, has joined the global process of sustainable development. To establish a strategic framework for Ukraine's national development for the period up to 2030, an inclusive process of adapting sustainable development goals has been initiated on the basis of the principle "No one left alone". Each global objective was considered in light of the specific nature of national development. Many goals have the same vector orientation as in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Industry 4.0 movement in Ukraine was also created. Thus, we see that Ukraine is also moving towards the implementation of CRD, namely to promote the development and use of innovation; economical use of resources (conversion of production that requires fewer resources, more efficient and re-use); increasing the technological potential of industrial sectors. Promoting the rapid development of high- and medium-high-tech areas of manufacturing and high-tech engineering should be noted among national specifics. Conclusion. In Ukraine, on the one hand, few existing technologies that provide high productivity, on the other hand, are above reasonable and highly skilled human resources that are currently being used by other countries. Thus, Ukraine needs to take advantage of the window of opportunity - to apply "jumping". However, even if one country or one company in the country accepts the choice to jump, it should be carefully managed because it has both potential and risks. That is, "jumping" must be reasonable, smart.
The Eyes of Pecten, Spondylus, Amussium and Allied Lamellibranchs, with a Short Discussion on their Evolution

The eye of Pecten has excited an unusual amount of interest for many years, and many workers have described its structure. The present author devoted a considerable period to the study of its minute histology in 1908, and was able to make clear for the first time certain fundamental features in the structure of the retina. This work was confirmed in all essential points by Kupfer (1916). Several writers have commented upon the resemblances between the eyes of Spondylus and Pecten , although with the exception of Hickson's account of the structure of the Spondylus eye and a very brief reference by Hesse, there is no paper dealing especially with this genus. There is a general impression, too, that Pecten and Spondylus stand alone amongst Lamellibranchs in the possession of the most complicated type of eye, with two layers of sensory cells in the retina, and no mention appears in the literature of such genera as Amussium , Chlamys and Pedum , which are, no doubt, very closely related to pecten , although Ridewood placed Amussium in the family Mytilacea.
Variação de peso e sobrevida de Micrurus corallinus sob diferentes condições de alimentação em biotério (Serpentes, Elapidae)

The weight variation in Micrurus corallinus (Merrem, 1820) during the first 60 days in laboratory animal rooms was very remarkable. This fact demonstrates the difficulty in adaptation of these animals to the captive environment. The weight loss was observed in animals under voluntary feeding as well as forced feeding. The survival rate was significantly higher in voluntarily fed animals. Sex differences were also observed with higher survival rates for males. Low survival rates were observed in both sexes under forced feeding.
Embryon d'oursin et séquençage du génome de l'espèce S. purpuratus : quels apports à l'étude du cycle cellulaire ?

Sea urchin is a classical research model system in developmental biology; moreover, the external fertilization and growth of embryos, their rapid division cycle, their transparency and the accessibility of these embryos to molecular visualization methods, made them good specimens to analyze the regulatory mechanisms of cell division. These features as well as the phylogenetic position of sea urchin, close to vertebrates but in an outgroup within the deuterostomes, led scientists working on this model to sequence the genome of the species S. purpuratus. The genome contains a full repertoire of cell cycle control genes. A comparison of this toolkit with those from vertebrates, nematodes, drosophila, as well as tunicates, provides new insight into the evolution of cell cycle control. While some gene subtypes have undergone lineage-specific expansions in vertebrates (i.e. cyclins, mitotic kinases,.), others seem to be lost in vertebrates, for instance the novel cyclin B identified in S. purpuratus. On the other hand, some genes which were previously thought to be vertebrate innovations, are also found in sea urchins (i.e. MCM9). To note is also the absence of cell cycle inhibitors of the INK type, which are apparently confined to vertebrates. The uncovered genomic repertoire of cell-cycle regulators will thus provide molecular tools that should further enhance future research on cell cycle control and developmental regulation in this model.
The role of furniture in exposure to non-ionizing radiation in a residential apartment

This article concerns the sources of non-ionizing radiation in a normal inhabited environment. Measurements show that residents are exposed to non-ionizing radiation in levels both below and above the European normative. Excess is present due to the fact that, producers of electronic equipment and appliances, those who use them, as well as those involved in the construction of housing, have insufficient acquaintance with non-ionizing radiation. Producers are advised to increase the coefficient of safety towards non-ionizing radiation by renewing technology. Users are advised to operate apparatus with the lowest possible power, to minimise time exposed to sources, to maximise the distance from them and to renew their appliances. Construction workers should take non-ionizing radiation more into consideration when furnishing of houses.
Spatial variability of nutrient concentrations, fluxes, and ecosystem metabolism in Nyanza Gulf and Rusinga Channel, Lake Victoria (East Africa)

Measurements of nutrient concentrations and physicochemical parameters were carried out monthly between March 2005 and March 2006 along a transect between the Nyanza Gulf and the open waters of Lake Victoria to evaluate spatial and seasonal variations in nutrient fluxes and ecosystem metabolism. Nutrient concentration gradients were observed between the deep and seasonally stratifying main lake basin and the large, shallow river‐influenced Nyanza Gulf, which are connected by the relatively deep and narrow Rusinga Channel. Nutrient gradients were steepest in the Rusinga Channel where there was always a strong gradient in electrical conductivity. A mixing‐box model used to quantify nutrient fluxes and ecosystem metabolism along the gulf and the channel showed that nutrients entering the gulf through river inflows and municipal sources were largely retained in the gulf, with only a small fraction transferred into the main lake. In contrast, the main lake was a net exporter of dissolved inorganic phosphorus to the gulf (110 mg P m−2 yr−1), which is in contrast to the paradigm that the gulf is a major contributor to the increasing nutrient enrichment and, hence, eutrophication of the greater Lake Victoria. The channel had net regeneration of dissolved nutrients indicating net heterotrophy; whereas in the gulf, there was net consumption of dissolved nutrients, resulting in high estimates of net ecosystem production (570 mg C m−2 d−1) and, hence, net autotrophy. Nitrogen balance ranged from +3 to +15 mg N m−2 d−1, indicating dominance of nitrogen fixation over denitrification in both the gulf and the channel, which are both well‐oxygenated.
Analyzing English Pronunciation Skills of Indonesian Bilingual School Teachers Using Phonetic Transcription

This paper analyzes English pronunciation skill of teachers in one of Indonesian bilingual schools which apply a combined curriculum to provide high quality of education. The teachers are demanded to have good English proficiency. Pronunciation is considered to be crucial in English speaking skill since the teachers have the responsibility to teach Cambridge International Primary Program (CIPP) subjects, such as Math, English and Science. It is to give good examples in pronouncing words and not to mislead the students during the content delivery in teaching. Fifteen homeroom teachers involved as participants in the research. It considered their having essential role in developing the students’ English abilities and become a model to speak English despites their various English abilities since they graduated from non-English departments. The researchers used the recordings of the testing instrument involving 15 teachers and a questionnaire to collect data. Findings showed the words best, both, first, high, question, sure, table, television, with and wrong were frequently mispronounced by the teachers.