Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Communication Orientation Model

Two quantitative meta-analyses examined how the presence of visual channels, vocal channels, and synchronicity influences the quality of outcomes in negotiations and group decision making. A qualitative review of the literature found that the effects of communication channels vary widely and that existing theories do not sufficiently account for these contradictory findings. To parsimoniously encompass the full range of existing data, the authors created the communication orientation model, which proposes that the impact of communication channels is shaped by communicators’ orientations to cooperate or not. Two meta-analyses—conducted separately for negotiations and decision making—provide strong support for this model. Overall, the presence of communication channels (a) increased the achievement of high-quality outcomes for communicators with a neutral orientation, (b) did not affect the outcomes for communicators with a cooperative orientation, but (c) hurt communicators’ outcomes with a noncooperative orientation. Tests of cross-cultural differences in each meta-analysis further supported the model: for those with a neutral orientation, the beneficial effects of communication channels were weaker within East Asian cultures (i.e., Interdependent and therefore more predisposed towards cooperation) than within Western cultures (i.e., Independent).
Standardization within subjects: a critique of Ben-Shakhar's conclusions.

A recent study (Ben-Shakhar. 1985) reported evidence in favor of standardizing skin conductance response measures within individuals as compared to the Paintal Index (phasic range-correction) or to raw responses. Notwithstanding the possible efficiency of within-individual standardization as a means to reduce individual differences in responsivity, this critique is intended to direct attention to three sources of bias that severely limit the generalizability of Ben-Shakbar's evidence: the response magnitude bias, the bias from unequal numbers of stimuli, and the enhanced correlation of response and standardizing measure. In order to illustrate the range of results obtained from these transformations, an artificial data set was generated based upon the design and statistical procedures employed by Ben-Shakhar.
La inserción de Colombia en el Asia Pacífico 2020: Colombia en el nuevo océano

La insercion de Colombia en el Asia Pacifico. 2020: Colombia en el nuevo oceano, publicacion de la Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano, recoge los resultados de la investigacion patrocinada por el Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores y su Fondo Rotatorio […] Los resultados de la investigacion constituyen aportes muy valiosos para la realizacion de los objetivos de las instituciones publicas encargadas de liderar nuestra insercion en Asia y el Pacifico. La iniciativa de la Cancilleria se origino en la importancia que han ganado Asia y el Pacifico en la agenda y el horizonte de la politica exterior colombiana y, particularmente, en los esfuerzos por aprovechar las posibilidades de paises como China, India, Japon y Corea, el sudeste asiatico y la region en general, reconocida como centro del desarrollo economico global. Este libro compila las acciones llevadas a cabo por el gobierno nacional en el periodo 1997-2007 en relacion con los paises del Asia Pacifico y constituye un aporte a la construccion de una nueva vision de politica exterior para la region, en la que el comportamiento de nuestras relaciones en lo multilateral y lo bilateral servira para formular los posibles escenarios futuros.
Myasthenia gravis: the problem of a “psychiatric” misdiagnosis

Patients with myasthenia gravis are commonly misdiagnosed as having a psychiatric disorder; this leads to considerable delay in reaching the correct diagnosis and in instituting appropriate and effective treatment. Patients who are most at risk are those with somatic presentations (limb weakness, fatigue) in contrast to ocular or bulbar presentations. Similarly, those who manifest anger or anxiety traits are more likely to be misdiagnosed.
Archaeal Extrachromosomal Genetic Elements

SUMMARY Research on archaeal extrachromosomal genetic elements (ECEs) has progressed rapidly in the past decade. To date, over 60 archaeal viruses and 60 plasmids have been isolated. These archaeal viruses exhibit an exceptional diversity in morphology, with a wide array of shapes, such as spindles, rods, filaments, spheres, head-tails, bottles, and droplets, and some of these new viruses have been classified into one order, 10 families, and 16 genera. Investigation of model archaeal viruses has yielded important insights into mechanisms underlining various steps in the viral life cycle, including infection, DNA replication and transcription, and virion egression. Many of these mechanisms are unprecedented for any known bacterial or eukaryal viruses. Studies of plasmids isolated from different archaeal hosts have also revealed a striking diversity in gene content and innovation in replication strategies. Highly divergent replication proteins are identified in both viral and plasmid genomes. Genomic studies of archaeal ECEs have revealed a modular sequence structure in which modules of DNA sequence are exchangeable within, as well as among, plasmid families and probably also between viruses and plasmids. In particular, it has been suggested that ECE-host interactions have shaped the coevolution of ECEs and their archaeal hosts. Furthermore, archaeal hosts have developed defense systems, including the innate restriction-modification (R-M) system and the adaptive CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) system, to restrict invasive plasmids and viruses. Together, these interactions permit a delicate balance between ECEs and their hosts, which is vitally important for maintaining an innovative gene reservoir carried by ECEs. In conclusion, while research on archaeal ECEs has just started to unravel the molecular biology of these genetic entities and their interactions with archaeal hosts, it is expected to accelerate in the next decade.
Localization of a determinant for HEp-2 adherence by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli

pMAR2, a 60-megadalton plasmid encoding localized HEp-2 adherence in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, was mapped with BamHI, HindIII, and SalI. Deletion and insertion mutants were constructed and used to define a potential DNA probe. Preliminary results indicate that this probe is sensitive and specific for the genes encoding the enteropathogenic E. coli adherence factor.
HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE LARGER BLOOD VESSELS OF THE HIND LIMB OF THE MOUSE AFTER X-IRRADIATION.

SummaryThe effects of 2000 r of 200 kvp x-rays on the structure of the larger blood vessels of male albino mice are described. Irradiation was delivered to one hind limb of mice either 3 or 12 weeks old. Histological studies show that at 9 weeks after irradiation and thereafter there is an increased incidence of intimal proliferation, fragmentation of the elastic lamina, over-production of elastic tissue, necrosis, hyaline thickening, thrombosis and production of collagen, in the larger vessels. The implied reduction in efficiency was found to correlate with information obtained by arteriograms (Sams 1963). It is suggested that the direct effect of radiation on the components of the vessel wall and the effect of radiation-induced fibrosis of the surrounding tissues on the vessels were both instrumental in bringing about these changes.
Paliperidone-ER: first atypical antipsychotic with oral extended release formulation

Paliperidone-extended release (ER) is an antipsychotic medication newly introduced in the USA and Europe in 2007. It is the first oral atypical antipsychotic with an extended release, which is achieved by the osmotic-controlled release oral delivery system (OROS®), a well-established technology already in use for CNS drugs (e.g., methylphenidate and hydromorphone). Paliperidone was in the focus of investigations for years, as it is the major metabolite (9-hydroxyrisperidone) of the widely used atypical antipsychotic risperidone. Paliperidone-ER has demonstrated clinical efficacy, safety and good tolerability on a once-daily basis in three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-week-studies including patients with acute schizophrenia and one randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled long-term study assessing recurrence of psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Key features are predominant renal elimination, therefore low risk of interaction with other drugs, good efficacy against psychotic symptoms based on D2-receptor and 5HT2A-receptor antagonism and very low affinity for muscarinic receptors resulting in absence of anticholinergic side effects. The OROS-ER technology leads to considerably lower plasma peak levels compared with nonextended-release formulations, thus possibly reducing side effects.
Metabolic profile of long–distance migratory flight and stopover in a shorebird

Migrating birds often complete long non–stop flights during which body energy stores exclusively support energetic demands. The metabolic correlates of such long–distance travel in free–living migrants are as yet poorly studied. Bar–tailed godwits, Limosa lapponica taymyrensis, undertake a 4500 km flight to their single spring stopover site and thus provide an excellent model in which to determine the energy fuels associated with endurance travel. To this end, we evaluated plasma concentrations of six key metabolites in arriving godwits caught immediately upon landing near their stopover site. Initial metabolite levels were compared with levels after 5 h of inactive rest to determine how flight per se affects energy metabolism. Birds refuelling on the stopover site were also examined. Arriving godwits displayed elevated plasma free fatty acids, glycerol and butyrate, confirming the importance of lipid fuel in the support of extended migratory activity. Furthermore, elevated plasma triglycerides in these birds suggest that fatty acid provisioning is facilitated through hepatic synthesis and release of neutral lipids, as previously hypothesized for small migrants with high mass–specific metabolic rates. Finally, elevations in plasma uric acid suggest that protein breakdown contributes to the support of long–distance movement, to possibly maintain citric acid cycle intermediates, gluconeogenesis and/or water balance.
From CAD to 3D Tracking — Enhancing & Scaling Model-Based Tracking for Industrial Appliances

For Augmented Reality to succeed in industrial appliances, industries demand not only robust and reliable tracking techniques, but also a scalable and performant pipeline, that is easy-to-integrate within the existing data- and content environment and that enables vendors to create tracking solutions on their own. In our demo, we present recent advances of our model tracking pipeline and tracking technology, which on the one hand is easy use and easy to integrate, while on the other hand robust enough during difficult environmental conditions and which delivers high accuracy for the industrial domain. We showcase our results inside an AR-manual scenario.
Quantification of choline compounds in human hepatic tumors by proton MR spectroscopy at 3 T

The quantification of choline‐containing compounds (Cho) in hepatic tumors by 1H MR spectroscopy (MRS) is of great interest because such compounds have been linked to malignancy. In this study, a practical external phantom replacement method for the absolute quantification of hepatic metabolites is demonstrated. We performed experiments at 3 T using a body coil, and used an external phantom containing choline chloride for calibration. We first tested the quantification strategy to confirm its suitability in vivo using a phantom of known concentration and normal brain tissue. The results obtained after coil loading and T1 and T2 effects were corrected for were consistent with the known concentration and previously published values. To demonstrate its feasibility, we applied the technique to liver studies conducted on five normal volunteers and four patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, and one patient (also in the latter group) who had undergone post‐transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). The Cho concentrations in the four patients were estimated to be 3.4, 6.3, 7.4, and 14.0 mM, respectively. These values are substantially higher than those obtained from the healthy volunteers (1.3 ± 0.9 mM (mean ± SD)). The results indicate that the proposed method is accurate and requires fewer tedious procedures for MRS; therefore, it may be a promising technique for evaluating response to treatment in liver cancer. Magn Reson Med 53:770–776, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developmental, Cognitive, and Neuropsychological Functioning in Preschool-aged Foster Children: Associations with Prior Maltreatment and Placement History

ABSTRACT. Although young children in foster care are at high risk for developmental delays and subsequent academic, social, and behavioral difficulties, many do not receive services for delays. We sought to explicate the types of developmental delays observed in young children (ages 3-6 years) in foster care and how placement and maltreatment experiences for these children were associated with such delays. Physical growth, neuropsychological functioning, executive functioning, language, and general cognitive functioning were compared for a sample of 99 foster children and 54 nonmaltreated, same-aged children from comparable socioeconomic status backgrounds. The foster children showed developmental lags on measures of height, head circumference, visuospatial functioning, language, and general cognitive functioning. A history of neglect was negatively associated with functioning in a number of domains; surprisingly, the number of maltreatment types experienced was positively associated with functioning. Placement history was generally not associated with scores in the various developmental domains. We discuss the need to screen and evaluate preschoolers and possible methods for doing so.
Serum interleukin-10 in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a prognostic factor.

Serum interleukin-10 (IL-10) was measured retrospectively in 153 patients with a fully documented history of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detecting both human IL-10 and the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) molecule BCRF1/viral IL-10. IL-10 was detectable in 47 (46%) of the 101 patients with active NHL, 3 of 52 (6%) patients in first partial or complete response, and none of the 60 healthy blood donors. Serum IL-10 was detectable with a similar frequency in all subtypes of NHL and in all clinical stages, as well as in EBV-seropositive and EBV-negative patients. In patients with intermediate or high-grade NHL, the presence of detectable serum IL-10 at diagnosis was correlated to a significantly shorter overall (P = .025) and progression-free (P = .030) survival. Patients with stage IV disease and detectable serum IL-10 had a particularly poor prognosis (4 years of survival: 0%). Multivariate analysis showed that IL-10 was an independent prognosis factor. These results indicate that IL-10 is detectable in a subgroup of patients with active NHL and correlates to a poor survival in patients with intermediate or high-grade NHL.
Immunological measurements of conformational motility in regions of the myoglobin molecule.

The conformational motilities of three regions of the sperm whale myoglobin molecule and of an isolated peptide of myoglobin have been examined by measuring the equilibrium constant for the native equilibrium nonnative transition. The immunological approach of Furie et al. (Furie, B., Schechter, A.N., Sachs D., and Anfinsen, C.B. (1975), J. Mol. Biol.92, 497-506) was used with convenient modifications. Antibodies specific to the nonnative conformations were used in assaying for competition between the radioactively labeled peptide and native myoglobin. Labeling was by 125I iodination of the peptide or its 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionyl derivative, and separation of the immune complex from the free peptide was either by ammonium sulfate precipitation or by centrifugation of the antibodies immobilized on Agarose beads. For the antigenic regions of the sequence (1-55), the measured conformational equilibrium constant was 840 +/- 200 at 22 degrees C; the value for the C-terminal region (132-153) was 280 +/- 120 at 25 degrees C, while that for the region (66-76) adjacent to the heme group was greater than 2.5 x 10(6). Measurements on the isolated peptide (132-153) indicated that 1% of the molecules adopt native-type folding in aqueous solution at 36 degrees C.
Meeting the Challenge of Software Maintenance

Research by Case Associates Inc. shows that between 50 to 70 percent of a software engineer's time is spent making changes to mission-critical software. Hence, the tool with the greatest potential impact on the software organization is no longer the development tool, it is the maintenance and enhancement tool. The paper considers the challenges of software maintenance and the selection of CASE tools.
Extranodal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type: Clinical and computed tomography findings in the head and neck region

In patients with nasal natural killer/T‐cell lymphoma (NKTL), it is commonly without an obvious mass found in the nasal cavity by clinical or computed tomography (CT) findings. As a result, it takes longer to make a definite diagnosis when compared with other nasal malignancy. This study was designed to investigate clinical and CT findings of nasal NKTL.
The atzB gene of Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP encodes the second enzyme of a novel atrazine degradation pathway

We previously reported the isolation of a 21.5-kb genomic DNA fragment from Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP, which contains the atzA gene, encoding the first metabolic step for the degradation of the herbicide atrazine (M. de Souza, L. P. Wackett, K. L. Boundy-Mills, R. T. Mandelbaum, and M. J. Sadowsky, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61:3373-3378, 1995). In this study, we show that this fragment also contained the second gene of the atrazine metabolic pathway, atzB. AtzB catalyzed the transformation of hydroxyatrazine to N-isopropylammelide. The product was identified by use of high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometery, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Tn5 mutagenesis of pMD1 was used to determine that atzB was located 8 kb downstream of atzA. Hydroxyatrazine degradation activity was localized to a 4.0-kb ClaI fragment, which was subcloned into the vector pACYC184 to produce plasmid pATZB-2. The DNA sequence of this region was determined and found to contain two large overlapping divergent open reading frames, ORF1 and ORF2. ORF1 was identified as the coding region of atzB by demonstrating that (i) only ORF1 was transcribed in Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP, (ii) a Tn5 insertion in ORF2 did not disrupt function, and (iii) codon usage was consistent with ORF1 being translated. AtzB had 25% amino acid identity with TrzA, a protein that catalyzes a hydrolytic deamination of the s-triazine substrate melamine. The atzA and atzB genes catalyze the first two steps of the metabolic pathway in a bacterium that rapidly metabolizes atrazine to carbon dioxide, ammonia, and chloride.
S-Layer-Mediated Display of the Immunoglobulin G-Binding Domain of Streptococcal Protein G on the Surface of Caulobacter crescentus: Development of an Immunoactive Reagent

ABSTRACT The immunoglobulin G (IgG)-binding streptococcal protein G is often used for immunoprecipitation or immunoadsorption-based assays, as it exhibits binding to a broader spectrum of host species IgG and IgG subclasses than the alternative, Staphylococcus aureus protein A. Caulobacter crescentus produces a hexagonally arranged paracrystalline protein surface layer (S-layer) composed of a single secreted protein, RsaA, that is notably tolerant of heterologous peptide insertions while maintaining the surface-attached crystalline character. Here, a protein G IgG-binding domain, GB1, was expressed as an insertion into full-length RsaA on the cell surface to produce densely packed immunoreactive particles. GB1 insertions at five separate sites were expressed, and all bound rabbit and goat IgG, but expression levels were reduced compared to those of wild-type RsaA and poor binding to mouse IgG was noted. To remedy this, we used the 20-amino-acid Muc1 peptide derived from human mucins as a spacer, since insertions of multiple tandem repeats were well tolerated for RsaA secretion and assembly. This strategy worked remarkably well, and recombinant RsaA proteins, containing up to three GB1 domains, surrounded by Muc1 peptides, not only were secreted and assembled but did so at wild-type levels. The ability to bind IgG (including mouse IgG) increased as GB1 units were added, and those with three GB1 domains bound twice as much rabbit IgG per cell as S. aureus cells (Pansorbin). The ability of recombinant protein G-Caulobacter cells to function as immunoactive reagents was assessed in an immunoprecipitation assay using a FLAG-tagged protein and anti-FLAG mouse monoclonal antibody; their performance was comparable to that of protein G-Sepharose beads. This work demonstrates the potential for using cells expressing recombinant RsaA/GB1 in immunoassays, especially considering that protein G-Caulobacter cells are more cost-effective than protein G beads and exhibit a broader species and IgG isotype binding range than protein A.
Modulation of macrophage heat shock proteins (HSPs) expression in response to intracellular infection by virulent and avirulent strains of Leishmania donovani

We have examined the differential expression of heat shock proteins of murine macrophage‐like cell line J774.G8 following infection with Leishmania donovani. In response to infection with virulent promastigotes, the up‐regulation of HSP70 and 90 and a selective down‐regulation of HSP60 was observed using monoclonal antibodies specific for host HSPs. However, infection with avirulent strain failed to alter the expression of host HSPs. The maximum alterations in HSPs expression were noted at 18h post infection, a time period which coincided with the transformation of parasite from promastigote to the amastigote form. Data indicates that host HSPs may play a role in parasite differentiation/survival during infection with L. donovani.
Incidence of common compressive neuropathies in primary care

Apart from carpal tunnel syndrome, there are no population based studies of the epidemiology of compressive neuropathies. To provide this information, new presentations of compressive neuropathies among patients registered with 253 general practices in the UK General Practice Research Database with 1.83 million patient years at risk in 2000 were analysed. The study revealed that in 2000 the annual age standardised rates per 100 000 of new presentations in primary care were: carpal tunnel syndrome, men 87.8/women 192.8; Morton’s metatarsalgia, men 50.2/women 87.5; ulnar neuropathy, men 25.2/women 18.9; meralgia paraesthetica, men 10.7/women 13.2; and radial neuropathy, men 2.97/women 1.42. New presentations were most frequent at ages 55–64 years except for carpal tunnel syndrome, which was most frequent in women aged 45–54 years, and radial nerve palsy, which was most frequent in men aged 75–84 years. In 2000, operative treatment was undertaken for 31% of new presentations of carpal tunnel syndrome, 3% of Morton’s metatarsalgia, and 30% of ulnar neuropathy.