Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Unterstützung von BOS durch Mobile Crowd Sensing in Schadenslagen

Schadenslagen der letzten Zeit, wie beispielsweise das Elbe-Hochwasser 2013, haben deutlich gezeigt, dass die Bevolkerung in ihnen bereits eine aktive Rolle einnimmt. Burger organisieren sich untereinander und/ oder koordinieren Hilfsaktivitaten. Diese Hilfsaktivitaten lassen sich sowohl bei betroffenen Burgern vor Ort, aber auch innerhalb sozialer Medien wiederfinden. Um dieses Potential durch professionellen Behorden und Organisationen mit Sicherheitsaufgaben erfassbar sowie nutzbar zu machen, sind Ansatze notwendig, welche die Bevolkerung gezielt anleiten und deren Masnahmen koordinieren, da die Burger sich sonst oftmals selbst in Gefahr begeben. In diesem Beitrag prasentieren wir ein auf dem Mobile Crowd Sensing basierendes Konzept, um Aktivitaten der Bevolkerung zu erfassen und gezielt Aufgaben, wie die Informationsbeschaffung oder physische Unterstutzung, an die Bevolkerung weiterzureichen.
Cellular-based machine-to-machine : congestion control and power management. (Communication machine à machine : contrôle de congestion et gestion de l'énergie)

The current and next generation wireless cellular networks (5G) have to deal with not only communications between people (known as Human-to-Human - H2H), but also with a massive deployment of Machine-Type-Communication (MTC). MTC, or alternatively Machine-to-Machine (M2M), can be viewed as devices connected among them without any human intervention. M2M can be considered as the cornerstone of Internet-of-Things (IoT) vision. It attracts a lot of attention, since it can be considered as a new opportunity and business market. Nowadays, there is a vast number of MTC applications, covering a large number of fields. Some of these applications are Healthcare, Intelligent Transport System (ITS), smart metering and smart grids, public safety (PS), forming the so-called smart city. Deploying this type of applications in the current cellular mobile networks, especially Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), cannot be achieved before overcoming the accompanied challenges. Indeed, caused by the existence of a myriad of MTC devices, Radio Access Network (RAN) and Core Network (CN) congestion and system overload is one of these challenging issues. As the MTC devices are using non-rechargeable batteries, power consumption is also a challenge. In this thesis, we study the congestion and power consumption problems in the context of LTE and LTE-A networks featuring M2M communications. Regarding the congestion and system overload, the focus will be on the RAN part since it can be considered as the first defense line on the network. The contributions of the thesis are organized on the following axes: 1) Propose a general algorithm to predict the incoming traffic, so that the congestion in the network can be easily remedied, 2) Study and propose a general analytical model of the Random Access Channel (RACH) procedure. The model can help to evaluate the congestion control methods targeting the RAN part, 3) Depth study and propose methods improving the performance of Group Paging (GP) method, one of the methods approved by 3GPP to control the congestion.
GLUT1 deficiency syndrome – 2007 update

GLUT1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT1DS, OMIM 606777) is a treatable epileptic encephalopathy resulting from impaired glucose transport into the brain. The essential biochemical finding is a low glucose concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF; hypoglycorrhachia; mean 1.7 [SD 0.3mmol/L]) in the setting of normoglycaemia. CSF lactate is normal. Patients present with an early‐onset epilepsy resistant to anticonvulsants, developmental delay, and a complex movement disorder. Hypotonic, ataxic, and dystonic features are most prominent. Speech is often severely affected. Some patients develop spasticity and secondary microcephaly. The phenotype is highly variable ranging from severe impairment to children without seizures. Electroencephalography (EEG) may show 2.5‐4Hz spike‐waves improving on food intake. Neuroimaging is uninformative. Most patients carry heterozygous de novo mutations in the GLUT1 gene (OMIM 138140, gene map locus 1p35‐31.3). Autosomal dominant transmission and several mutational hot spots have been identified, but phenotype‐genotype correlations are not yet apparent. Homozygous GLUT1 mutations presumably are lethal. The ketogenic diet is the treatment of choice as it provides an alternative fuel to the brain. It should be introduced early and maintained into puberty. Seizures are effectively controlled with the onset of ketosis, but might recur and require comedication. The effect on neurodevelopment appears less impressive. The increasing number of patients, molecular and biochemical analysis, recent research into ketogenic diet mechanisms, and the development of animal models for GLUT1DS have brought substantial insights in disease manifestations and mechanisms. This review summarizes data on 84 published cases and highlights recent advances in understanding this entity.
Chronic thyroiditis: diffuse uptake of FDG at PET.

PURPOSE To determine the frequency and clinical importance of diffuse 2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) uptake in the thyroid gland. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 1,102 healthy subjects underwent whole-body positron emission tomography (PET). PET images were evaluated for increased diffuse FDG uptake in the thyroid gland. Serum free thyroxine and thyrotropin levels were measured in 36 subjects with increased uptake and in 36 matched control subjects without uptake. Antithyroid antibodies were also measured. Morphologic abnormalities were examined by using ultrasonography (US). RESULTS Diffuse FDG uptake was found in three men and 33 women; the prevalence was significantly higher in women (P < .01). Thirty-five subjects were euthyroid; one had hypothyroidism. Antithyroid antibodies were positive in 27 subjects. In most subjects, US findings facilitated the diagnosis of chronic thyroiditis. In control subjects, the positive rates for antithyroid antibodies and US abnormalities were significantly lower than those of the study group (P < .01). CONCLUSION Diffuse thyroidal FDG uptake may be an indicator of chronic thyroiditis. The actual prevalence of the disorder was not low in this series, and such lesions may be found incidentally at FDG PET.
Beyond the Classroom: Nurse Leader Preparation and Practices

Formal academic education and experience as a nurse are established preparation for the chief nurse executive (CNE) or upcoming nurse leaders. This article proposes that the nurse leader must build on these fundamentals through self-discipline, lifelong learning, and practice. Three critical ingredients are discussed to guide the nurse leader on a life/career for the CNE and the nurse leader at every level. These include fostering relationships, feeding intellectual curiosity, and engaging in self-care practices. These indispensable ingredients of the successful nurse leader serve as an augmentation to formal education and experience for the nurse aspiring to reach the CNE level and beyond as well as for the current CNE mentoring future leaders.
Metrics for analyzing the quality of model transformations

Model transformations become increasingly important with the emergence of model driven engineering of, amongst others, objectoriented software systems. It is therefore necessary to define and evaluate the quality of model transformations. The goal of our research is to make the quality of model transformations measurable. This position paper presents the first results of this ongoing research. We present the quality attributes we have identified thus far and a set of metrics to assess these quality attributes.
Inflammatory Markers in Matched Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid from Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease

It has been suggested that a number of molecules associated with inflammation are involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We measured the levels of α1-antichymotrypsin (ACT), α1-antitrypsin (AAT), interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and oxidised low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) in matched cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of 141 patients with probable AD. We found a significant relationship between CSF and plasma levels of ACT (r = 0.4, p < 0.001), IL-6 (r = 0.74, p < 0.001), MCP-1 (r = 0.71, p < 0.001), and a borderline relationship between CSF and plasma oxLDL (r = 0.22, p < 0.05). In addition, linear regression analysis revealed a positive correlation between levels of CSF-ACT and oxLDL (p < 0.001), but an inverse relation between levels of CSF ACT, CSF AAT and MCP-1 (p < 0.001). A significant correlation was also found between levels of CSF ACT, oxLDL and the ratio of CSF to serum albumin, which is used as a measure of the blood-brain barrier function. Our data extend previous reports regarding the inflammatory markers in the plasma and CSF of patients with AD and provide good evidence that levels of ACT, IL-6, MCP-1 and oxLDL in plasma and CSF might be candidates as biomarkers for monitoring the inflammatory process in AD.
Rituximab in the treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas.

A review of the use of rituximab (Rituxan; Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, and IDEC Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA) in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas is presented, focusing on the recent presentation of the combination of CHOP (cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin/vincristine/prednisone) plus rituximab in elderly patients. This combination increased the response rates, event-free survival, and overall survival of patients older than 60 years in comparison with CHOP alone. The toxic events observed with the combination were not more numerous or severe than those observed with CHOP alone. Rituximab is a chimeric anti-CD20 antibody that increases the treatment options in patients with B-cell lymphomas. Semin Oncol 29 (suppl 2):30-35. Copyright © 2002 by W.B. Saunders Company.
What Can We Learn from Animal Models of Alopecia areata?

Alopecia areata (AA) is a hair loss disease marked by a focal inflammatory infiltrate of dystrophic anagen stage hair follicles by CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes. Although AA is thought to be an autoimmune disorder, definitive proof is lacking. Moreover, characterization of the primary pathogenic mechanisms by which hair loss is induced in AA is limited. In this context, animal models may provide a vital contribution to understanding AA. Recent research using animal models of AA has focused on providing evidence in support of a lymphocyte-mediated pathogenic mechanism consistent with AA as an autoimmune disease. In the future, research with both humans and animal models shall likely concentrate on identifying the primary antigenic epitopes involved in AA and the genetics of AA susceptibility. With a comprehensive understanding of the key elements in AA pathogenesis, new avenues for therapeutic research and intervention will be defined.
Three-Dimensional Navier–Stokes Equations

Banach algebra, 36 Banach–Alaoglu Theorem, 376 Beale–Kato–Majda criterion, 228 Biot–Savart Law global version derivation, 227 estimating u given ω, 227 local version derivation, 231 estimating u given ω, 233 blowup rate for a simple ODE, 218 in H, 139 in L, 218 BMO, 203 Bochner integral, deinition, 39 Bochner spaces, 38 box-counting dimension and Lebesgue measure, 166 bounds the Hausdorff dimension, 166 deinition (coverings), 162 deinition (disjoint balls), 162 of singular times T , 166 of space–time singular set S, 302 the Burgers equation, 10, 11 C, 22 C , 22 C c , 22 C, 22 C , 22 Calderón–Zygmund decompositions, 378 Calderón–Zygmund Theorem, 380 alternative form (condition on |∇K|), 383 centred parabolic cylinder Qr , 240 Chebyshev inequality (generalised), 373 CKN, 279 compatibility conditions, 154 continuation of strong solutions, 229 continuous and differentiable functions, 22–23 critical spaces, 8, 192, 203, see also BMO, Ḣ, and L curl, 20 integration by parts, 225, 237
Energy Aware Consolidation Policies

Green computing denotes energy efficiency in all components of computing systems i.e. hardware, software, local area, etc. Placement of jobs is a critical decision to address Poor Performance, Resource Contention and High Energy Consumption problems. Consolidation policies are one of the sources of information for effective placement of jobs in any computing paradigm. In this paper, we design two energy aware consolidation policies according to workload characteristics to model mainly resource contention among jobs and implement them as host selection policies of a scheduler. We evaluate our policies in HPC and cloud computing paradigms with traces from Parallel Workload Archives. The simulation results show improvements on resource contention metric against the greedy host selection policy.
Morphological Profiles Based on Differently Shaped Structuring Elements for Classification of Images With Very High Spatial Resolution

Morphological profiles (MPs) have been proposed for the segmentation and classification of high spatial resolution (HSR) images. A shortcoming of the originally proposed MPs is that the profiles were only based on structuring elements (SEs) of one particular shape, suggesting that such MPs may not be suitable for detecting different shapes in images. To better fit several shapes in a given image, a new approach based on mathematical morphology is proposed to extract structural information from HSR images and consequently yield new versions of MPs. The classification results for the new MPs are compared with the classification of spatial features extracted with the use of pixel shape index, gray level co-occurrence matrix, and previously proposed MPs. The experimental results suggest the following: 1) structural and spectral features can complement each other and their integration can improve classification accuracy and 2) MPs constructed by differently shaped SEs are less sensitive to salt-and-pepper noise than those constructed by fixed-shaped SEs.
Attempting to reduce sodium intake might do harm and distract from a greater enemy.

Take it with a grain of salt: despite assertions to the contrary,1 we do not know that reducing mean population sodium intake would decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease or save lives. Yes, we know that “excess sodium consumption raises blood pressure”1 (at least transiently, for most people,2 to a clinically minor degree3,4). But based on the intermediate outcome of blood pressure, we cannot extrapolate that lowering sodium consumption would reduce cardiovascular risk or premature death. In fact, randomized controlled trial evidence suggests just the opposite: that lower sodium intake may lead to worsened cardiovascular disease and earlier death.5 It turns out that biological response to sodium intake is complex. Reducing sodium intake may lower blood pressure; but it may also decrease insulin sensitivity, alter lipids, and stimulate a variety of neurohormonal pathways detrimental to the cardiovascular system.4,6,7 For these reasons, our bodies may work to keep our sodium intakes higher than the levels the Institute of Medicine and other authorities now advise. In fact, mean sodium consumption—well above recommended levels1,8—has been fairly constant across diverse populations for multiple generations.8 Thus, although it may be true that “individuals have little control over their sodium intake,”1 it is probably not for the reasons Angell and Farley contend in their editorial blaming the food industry and consumers’ inability to avoid high-sodium processed and prepared foods.1 Sodium consumption may have much more to do with human physiology than food formulations.8 If food reformulations were to make processed foods less palatable and discourage their consumption, this might be the only way the National Salt Reduction Initiative could be good for public health. Indeed, it is probably not the sodium in processed foods but the foods themselves that are the problem. Among other issues, these “foods” are generally engineered from dizzying arrays of highly refined carbohydrates; the consumption of which is associated with obesity, unhealthy lipids, high blood pressure, and insulin resistance, all as part of a broader metabolic syndrome9,10 (likely much more a risk for cardiovascular disease and early death than any modest effect of “excess” sodium intake). When it comes to preventing cardiovascular disease and early death, refined carbohydrates are a greater enemy. Although there has been some action targeting refined carbohydrates, current action falls short. If sugar-sweetened beverages are a public-health problem, then why aren’t sugar-laden cookies? If an energy drink is unhealthy, why not an energy bar? If reformulating products to have less sodium results in more sugar, will that be good for public health? New York City could build on the momentum of its sugar-sweetened beverage work to refocus national action. Targeting high-sugar prepared and processed foods, as opposed to sodium, would be a decided start in the right direction.
Effects of substituting groundnut cake with acacia seed kernel meal on performance, haematology, serum biochemical parameters and economy of production of broilers

The study examined the effects of replacing groundnut cake (GNC) with Acacia nilotica seed kernel meal (ASKM) in the diets of broilers and the effects of such on performance characteristics, haematology and serum chemistry of the birds. ASKM was included in the diets at 0, 10 and 20% levels. 20% ASKM dietary level significantly (P 0.05) differences in the relative weight of organs of broilers fed graded levels of ASKM. This study suggests that broilers could be raised on a diet containing 10% ASKM, since the birds fed 10% ASKM had the lowest feed cost / kg (#) and highest total revenue (#) and economic efficiency. Key words: Acacia seed kernel meal, broiler, and production performance.
Origin of Reduced Efficiency in Cu(In,Ga)Se$_2$ Solar Cells With High Ga Concentration: Alloy Solubility Versus Intrinsic Defects

It is well known that adding Ga to CuInSe<sub>2</sub> forming CuIn<sub>1-x</sub>Ga<sub>x</sub>Se<sub>2</sub> (CIGS) alloy can significantly improve the solar cell efficiency, but adding too much Ga will lead to a decline of the solar cell efficiency. The exact origin of this puzzling phenomenon is currently still under debate. It is especially unclear whether it is caused by either structural or electronic issues. In this paper, we conclude that the defect issue, especially antisite defects M<sub>Cu</sub> (M = In, Ga), rather than the alloy solubility is the key problem for the reduced efficiency in CIGS. The deep levels that are induced by M<sub>Cu</sub> defects can pin the open-circuit voltage (V<sub>oc</sub>) of CIGS. Self-compensation in CIGS, which forms 2V<sub>Cu</sub> + M Cu defect complexes, is found to be beneficial to quenching the deep-trap levels induced by M<sub>Cu</sub> in CIGS. Unfortunately, the density of isolated M<sub>Cu</sub> is quite high and cannot be largely converted into 2V<sub>Cu</sub> + M<sub>Cu</sub> complexes under thermal equilibrium condition. Thus, nonequilibrium growth conditions or low growth temperature that can suppress the formation of the deep-trap centers M<sub>Cu</sub> will be necessary to improve the efficiency of CIGS solar cells, especially with high Ga concentrations.
Low Copy Numbers of DC‐SIGN in Cell Membrane Microdomains: Implications for Structure and Function

Presently, there are few estimates of the number of molecules occupying membrane domains. Using a total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) imaging approach, based on comparing the intensities of fluorescently labeled microdomains with those of single fluorophores, we measured the occupancy of DC‐SIGN, a C‐type lectin, in membrane microdomains. DC‐SIGN or its mutants were labeled with primary monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in either dendritic cells (DCs) or NIH3T3 cells, or expressed as GFP fusions in NIH3T3 cells. The number of DC‐SIGN molecules per microdomain ranges from only a few to over 20, while microdomain dimensions range from the diffraction limit to > 1 µm. The largest fraction of microdomains, appearing at the diffraction limit, in either immature DCs or 3 T3 cells contains only 4–8 molecules of DC‐SIGN, consistent with our preliminary super‐resolution Blink microscopy estimates. We further show that these small assemblies are sufficient to bind and efficiently internalize a small (∼50 nm) pathogen, dengue virus, leading to infection of host cells.
Sensitivity analysis of a 3-D printed low-cost compact waveguide low-pass filter

A sensitivity analysis of a very compact low-loss waveguide low-pass filter and its classical counterpart, a waffle-iron filter, is shown in this paper. The tolerance analysis of the previous filter design methods will be analyzed, compared, and discussed from the predicted manufacturing yield point of view. It is found that the presented filter allows relaxed fabrication tolerances which let us manufacture it using a low-cost 3-D printer. Finally, in order to demonstrate the robustness of the design method, a lightweight prototype manufactured by stereo-lithography (SLA) 3-D printing in photo-polymer resin and then coated with copper is shown. The measured frequency response shows an excellent agreement with the simulations.
Evolution of modular neural networks

It is well known that the human brain is highly modular, having a structural and functional organization that allows the different regions of the brain to be reused for different cognitive processes. So far, this has not been fully addressed by artificial systems, and a better understanding of when and how modules emerge is required, with a broad framework indicating how modules could be reused within neural networks. This thesis provides a deep investigation of module formation, module communication (interaction) and module reuse during evolution for a variety of classification and prediction tasks. The evolutionary algorithm EPNet is used to deliver the evolution of artificial neural networks. In the first stage of this study, the EPNet algorithm is carefully studied to understand its basis and to ensure confidence in its behaviour. Thereafter, its input feature selection (required for module evolution) is optimized, showing the robustness of the improved algorithm compared with the fixed input case and previous publications. Then module emergence, communication and reuse are investigated with the modular EPNet (M-EPNet) algorithm, which uses the information provided by a modularity measure to implement new mutation operators that favour the evolution of modules, allowing a new perspective for analyzing modularity, module formation and module reuse during evolution. The results obtained extend those of previous work, indicating that pure-modular architectures may emerge at low connectivity values, where similar tasks may share (reuse) common neural elements creating compact representations, and that the more different two tasks are, the bigger the modularity obtained during evolution. Other results indicate that some neural structures may be reused when similar tasks are evolved, leading to module interaction during evolution. To my family, who supported me during all this time and though me that the best kind of knowledge to have is that which is learned for its own sake.