Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Cassava root chips and Moringa oleifera leaf meal as alternative feed ingredients in the layer ration

Abstract A study was conducted to evaluate effects of cassava root chips (CRC) andMoringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) inclusion in layer rations on egg laying performance, egg quality parameters, fertility, and hatchability. One hundred twenty Dominant CZ layers, 22 wk of age, and 12 cocks were used and equally divided into 4 dietary treatments with 3 replications. Treatment rations contained CRC and MOLM [i.e., T1 (0% CRC and 0% MOLM), T2 (50% CRC and 0% MOLM), T3 (0% CRC and 5% MOLM), and T4 (50% CRC and 5% MOLM)]. The CRC and MOLM were used to substitute for 100% corn grain and 5% soybean meal, respectively. Hens were weighed at the start and end of the experiment and BW change was calculated. Data on DM intake, hen-day egg production, egg weight, and egg mass were recorded daily. Egg quality parameters were determined at an interval of 15 d on 4 eggs per replicate. Fertility and hatchability of eggs, as well as mortality of birds and embryonic mortality of fertile eggs during the incubation period were recorded. From the chemical analysis, the calculated ME content of CRC was 3,852 kcal/kg of DM and the CP content of MOLM was 28%. The DM intake of birds, hen-day egg production, egg mass, FE, and mortality rate were not influenced by treatments. Body weight change and egg weight were higher for T4 as compared with other treatments. Most external and internal egg quality parameters, especially yolk color, were improved when the diet contained MOLM. Fertility showed nonsignificant differences among treatments. However, hatchability percentage for T1 was lower than the other treatments. In conclusion, CRC at 50% of the diet, CRC replacing corn grain 100%, or MOLM at 5% of the diet replacing soybean meal can impart similar or better positive effects on egg production, egg quality parameters, eggs fertility, and hatchability of Dominant CZ layers. Thus, 50% CRC, 5% MOLM, or a combination of both can successfully be used in the diet of layers as energy and protein feed ingredients, respectively.
MOLECULAR TRANS-SPECIES POLYMORPHISM

▪ Abstract Trans-species polymorphism (TSP) is the occurrence of similar alleles in related species. Excluding instances in which the similarity arose by convergent evolution, TSP is generated by the passage of alleles from ancestral to descendant species. Closely related, recently diverged species, such as those of the Lake Victoria cichlid flock, may share neutral alleles, but long-lasting TSPs occur only in genetic systems evolving under balancing selection. Two such systems have been studied extensively, the major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) of jawed vertebrates and the self-incompatibility (SI) system of flowering plants. Allelic lineages that diverged many millions of years ago and passed through numerous speciation events have been described in both systems. The lineages may differ at up to 50% of their coding sites, both synonymous and nonsynonymous. The differences arise by the process of incorporation of mutations, which is different from the process of fixation. TSP, on the one hand, compl.
Resistance of Yellow Velvetleaf (Limnocharis flava (L.) Buch.) Exposed to Lead

The potential use of yellow velvetleaf (Limnocharis flava (L.) Buch) for remediation of lead (Pb) polluted water was studied in Green house experiment. The study was also investigated the distribution of lead in plant tissue. Plants of equal size was grown hydroponically and exposed to 0, 1, 5, 10 mgL -1 of Pb concentration for 10 days, 20 days, and 30 days. As a comparison, water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) was grown in the same growth media. The results show that, although not as good as water spinach, yellow velvet leaf could grow well in Pb polluted water. The bioaccumulation factor of both plants were >1 with the translocation factor < 1 indicated that both plants are tolerant to Pb metals The highest accumulation of Pb found in root tissue, and then followed by stem and leave tissue. The concentration of Pb in leaves tissues found in yellow velvetleaf and water spinach exposed to 10 mg L -1 Pb were 1.30 and 1.90 mg kg -1 which is higher than the criteria given by FAO and WHO (5 mg kg -1 ). Therefore, this fact should be considered if there is any attempt to use water
A new species of Catonidia Uhler (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Achilidae) from China

One new species of the genus Catonidia Uhler, 1896 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Achilidae: Achilini), C. choui sp. nov., from China is described and illustrated. A checklist and a key to the species of this genus worldwide are presented.
Antimicrobial compound from a novel Streptomyces termitum strain ATC-2 against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

Bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae has been reported as one of the most destructive diseases of rice. An antagonistic strain ATC-2 against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae was screened and identified as Streptomyces termitum by biochemical and physiological assays which was reinforced by comparison of 16S rDNA sequence on Genebank via online BLAST analysis. The antimicrobial compound was isolated from the ferments broth by column chromatography over silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 and it is determined to be aloesaponarin II by H-1 NMR and EI-MS analysis. The results of antimicrobial assays revealed that aloesaponarin II possessed strong antimicrobial activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae with IC50 19.2 mu g/ml.
G-O

Es similar a la Valoración ácido – base, los cálculos de equilibrio se basan en el kps , como producto de la reacción se forma una sal poco soluble que precipita cuando se llega al punto de equivalencia, donde la concentración de la sustancia buscada en la solución es mínima; en ese momento el indicador reacciona con el analito, detectándose de esta manera el punto final de la valoración. X + Ag XAg Analito agente ppte precipitado
Trace element accumulation and distribution in sunflower plants at the stages of flower bud and maturity

The aim of this study was to analyze the accumulation and distribution of cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) in different portions of plants of sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L., cv. Oleko) grown in soil with contaminants (5, 300, 400 mg kg–1 of Cd, Zn and Cu, respectively) and without (untreated soil as a control) from the emergence of cotyledon leaves until to two phenological stages: flower bud (R-1) and maturity (R- 9). Sunflower accumulated considerable amounts of heavy metals in both phenological stages showing slight reductions of dry matter production. At R-1 stage, Cd, Zn and Cu were accumulated mainly in the roots with concentrations respectively up to 5.4, 233 and 160 mg kg –1 of dry matter with a low translocation from roots to the aerial part. Yet at the R-1 stage, the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of Cd showed a significantly higher value in the Cd-Zn-Cu treatment (0.27) with respect to the untreated control (0.02), vice versa was observed for Cu, whereas no significant difference between treatments was observed for Zn (0.12 on average). However among metals, Cd showed the highest value of BCF. Referring only to the epigeous portion, differences in the accumulation and distribution of the three metals in the treated plants were found in both phenological stages; indeed passing from flower bud to the maturity stage, Cd, Zn and Cu concentrations increased in the stems and leaves, particularly in the old ones, whereas decreased in the heads. Metal accumulation in the achenes was very low and never exceed the toxicity threshold value considered for livestock. The high storage of heavy metals in roots and the probable re-translocation of the three metals along the plant during the growing cycle could be considered as a strategy of sunflower to preserve young metabolically-active leaves and reproductive organs from toxic metal concentrations.
Questioning Techniques: A Study of Instructional Practice

To what extent do teachers use questions to encourage deeper thinking and elicit fuller responses? How do teachers use the levels of questions and wait time as a teaching technique? How do teachers make space for students to talk together so that their thoughts are visible to other students? This article seeks to provide answers to these important questions through a review of the literature that begins with a study of the history of questioning, and then turns to the following topics: developing higher level thinking through questioning strategies; the role of wait time within the context of classroom climate and peer interactions; and higher order questioning strategies aligned with student achievement in reading and language arts. Although the author's frame of reference for how these issues play out is within the context of a school where students’ ability to articulate understanding and their own point of view is purposefully promoted and highly valued, the insights will have broad applicability across a full spectrum of schools.
The Biochemistry and the Physiological and Molecular Actions of Jasmonates

INTRODUCTION 569 BIOCHEMISTRY OF JASMONATES 570 Biosynthesis . 570 Metabolism 571 Occurrence 573 JASMONA TE ACTIONS AT PHYSIOLOGICAL LEVEL 575 JASMONATE ACTIONS AT CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LEVELS . 577 Induction of Specific Proteins and mKNAs by Jasmonates . 579 Gene Structures and Regulation of Gene Expression . 582 Putative Position of Jasmonates in the Stress Signal Transduction Chain. 584
On the use of median‐joining networks in evolutionary biology

Median‐joining (MJ) was proposed as a method for phylogeographical analysis and is enjoying increasing popularity. Herein, we evaluate the efficacy of the approach as originally intended. We show that median‐joining networks (MJNs) are theoretically untenable for evolutionary inference, and that confusion has afflicted their use for over 15 years. The approach has two obvious shortcomings: its reliance on distance‐based phenetics (overall similarity instead of character transformations) and the lack of rooting (no direction or history). Given that evolution involves both change and time, and the absence of rooting removes time (ancestor–descendant relationships) from the equation, the approach cannot yield defensible evolutionary interpretations. We also examine the impact of MJ analyses on evolutionary biology via an analysis of citations and conclude that the spread of MJNs through the literature is difficult to explain, especially given the availability of character‐based analyses.
RESEARCH ARTICLE ALTERATION IN LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSES IN WHITE LEG HORN CHICKS WITH EXPERIMENTAL DIFFERENT DOSES OF INFECTION OF ASCARIDIA GALLI

The enteric nematode parasite Ascaridia galli modulate the immune system, of the hosts and eventually leads to malnutrition in the chicks which eventually results in the decreased return of products derived from poultry. T he present work was carried out to investigate the immunological alteration of serum protein profiles, T-cells and B-cells, induced along with different doses of A. galli infective eggs. The percentage of T-lymphocytes showed highly significant (p<0.005) decrease as compared to control group indicating augmenting cellular immunity The percentage of B-lymphocytes was observed to be highly significantly (p<0.005) increased as compared to control group showing elevated humoral immune response. The possible influence of the parasite induced alteration in immune responses in WLH Chicks is discussed in this paper.
Differential Response to Glyphosate in Italian Ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum) Populations from Mississippi

Two Italian ryegrass populations from Mississippi, Tribbett and Fratesi, were suspected to be tolerant to glyphosate. A third population from Mississippi, Elizabeth, known to be susceptible to glyphosate, was included for comparison. Plants were treated with the isopropylamine salt of glyphosate at 0, 0.11, 0.21, 0.42, 0.84, 1.68, 3.36, and 6.72 kg ae/ha. GR50 (herbicide dose required to cause a 50% reduction in plant growth) values for the Tribbett, Fratesi, and Elizabeth populations were 0.66, 0.66, and 0.22 kg/ha, respectively, indicating that the Tribbett and Fratesi populations were threefold more tolerant to glyphosate compared with the Elizabeth population. These three populations were also treated with diclofop at 0, 0.13, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, and 2 kg ai/ha. Diclofop GR50 values for the Tribbett, Fratesi, and Elizabeth populations were 0.25, 0.28, 0.21 kg/ha, respectively, indicating similar tolerance to diclofop in the three populations. Response of all three populations to clethodim rate (0, 0.02, 0.03, 0.05, 0.06, 0.08, 0.09, and 0.13 kg ai/ha) was measured. Clethodim GR50 values for the Tribbett, Fratesi, and Elizabeth populations at the small growth stages were 0.016, 0.023, 0.014 kg/ha, respectively, and at the large growth stage were 0.04, 0.034, 0.02 kg/ha, respectively. Nomenclature: Clethodim; diclofop; glyphosate; Italian ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum Lam. LOLMU.
Virulence ofMetarhizium anisopliaeto Embryos of the Grass ShrimpPalaemonetes pugio

Abstract Experiments were performed in which developing embryos of the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, were exposed to conidiospores of the insect pathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae. Responses were variable, with significant ( P ≤ 0.05) adverse effects observed in five of six experiments conducted. Dead embryos and larvae with visible growth of M. anisopliae were observed in all experiments. Growth of M. anisopliae was occasionally observed on embryos and larvae prior to death. Delayed hatch was also observed. In one of the initial experiments, an increase in N -acetyl-β- d -glucosaminidase, EC 3.2. 1.30 (NAGase), activity accompanied by an increase in virulence toward shrimp embryos was observed. Additional experiments in which conidiospores were produced on homogenized caterpillars suggested a positive correlation between virulence of M. anisopliae to P. pugio embryos and activity of spore-associated NAGase. Under these laboratory conditions M. anisopliae was an invasive pathogen of grass shrimp embryos, and the growth substrates on which their spores develop can influence the severity of effects on these nontarget arthropods.
The status of the South African beach-seine and gill-net fisheries

Initial estimates indicate that there are at least 7 000 fishermen active in fisheries using beach-seine and gill nets in South Africa, mostly (86%) along the West and South coasts. Those fishermen utilize 1 373 registered and 458 illegal nets and report an average catch of 1 600 tons annually, constituting 60% harders Liza richardsonii, 10% St Joseph shark Callorhinchus capensis and 30% "bycatch" species such as galjoen Dichistius capensis, yellowtail Seriola lalandi and white steenbras Lithognathus lithognathus. Catch composition by mass varies between 70, 74 and 90% L. richardsonii off the Western, Southern and Eastern Cape coasts respectively to 88% sardine Sardinops sagax in KwaZulu-Natal. Catch-per-unit-effort declines eastwards from 294 and 115 kg·net-day−1 for the beach-seine and gill-net fisheries respectively off the West Coast to 48 and 5 kg·net-day−1 off KwaZulu-Natal. Consequently, the fishery changes in nature from a largely commercial venture on the West Coast to an artisanal/subsistence fi.
Do Whole Tree Silvic Characters Indicate Hybridization in Red Oak (Quercus Section Lobatae)?

Abstract The presence of hybridization among coexisting species of Quercus section Lobatae raises questions regarding the selection of mother trees to control seedling quality. Currently, trees are selected as a seed source on the basis of whole tree silvic characters. There are two sympatric red oak species in northern Wisconsin, Q. rubra L. (northern red oak) and Q. ellipsoidalis E. J. Hill (northern pin oak). We characterized 30 mother trees and their seedlings to assess the potential for selecting red oak seed sources based on silvic characters of the mother tree. Mother trees were selected based on whole tree silvic characters to represent Q. rubra L. , Q. ellipsoidalis E. J. Hill and their putative hybrids. Mother trees were then characterized by leaf and acorn morphometric analyses and by isozyme profiles. One-year-old bareroot nursery seedlings raised from seeds collected from these mother trees were characterized by height, diameter and number of lateral roots. Height and diameter growth were also measured the year after planting these nursery seedlings. Multivariate analyses revealed two, rather than three, distinct mother tree groups: Q. ellipsoidalis and Q. rubra plus putative hybrids. Thus, whole tree silvics are not adequate for differentiating northern red oak and hybrids. However, analyses, particularly of leaf morphology, isozymes and seedling performance, provided evidence of a continuum between the two species, consistent with the existence of hybrids among the mother trees. Whereas Q. rubra and putative hybrids could not be distinguished, Q. ellipsoidalis trees were distinguished on the basis of whole-tree silvic characteristics, or by acorn, leaf or seedling morphological characteristics. Thus, Q. ellipsoidalis can be distinguished and removed from the publicly collected seed source to improve seedling quality.
Afterword

This issue of the Peabody Journal of Education, “Clinical Partnerships in Teacher Education: Perspectives, Practices and Outcomes,” addresses the timely and critical topic of clinical partnerships as a transformative component in preparing teachers for today’s and tomorrow’s classrooms. The issue and authors of the eight articles highlight insights from leaders in the field; provide examples from exemplary programs with rich histories in partnership endeavors; describe opportunities, challenges, and implications; and illuminate policy perspectives and outcomes that illustrate hoped-for possibilities for student learning (American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education [AACTE], 2010; Cibulka, 2011; Howey, 2011; National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Preparation, 2010). Audiences of teacher educators who are university, district, and private education preparation program providers; state, district, and school administrators; classroom teachers; teachers unions; policymakers; and citizen advocate constituents interested in quality teaching will find this theme issue useful as they consider their roles and contributions in educating future teachers, supporting the development of high-quality teachers to practice in every K-12 classroom, and transforming the profession at a time of urgent and critical need. In this Afterword, and as the President and Chief Executive Officer of AACTE, I highlight the association’s policy brief, “The Clinical Preparation of Teachers: A Policy Brief,” which was released at the National Press Club on March 11, 2010, as “Teacher Preparation: Who Needs It? The Clinical Component” (AACTE, 2010). As the quality of teaching is now recognized as the most important school-based factor in student learning, teacher preparation is rightfully receiving national attention. The policy brief’s questions of keen interest are What is the best way to prepare highly effective teachers? and What are the key features of such programs? The extensive and respected body of research is cited in the policy brief and supports the claim that teacher preparation is most beneficial when it is directly linked to practice—the key construct in this special theme issue. Three critical features of such preparation are (a) tight integration among courses and between course work and clinical work in schools; (b) extensive and intensively supervised clinical work integrated with course work; and (c) close, proactive relationships with schools that serve diverse learners effectively and develop and model good teaching (Darling-Hammond, 2006). Furthermore, AACTE’s policy brief emphasizes the importance of clinical aspects of teacher education that include the typical processes of clinical work (observing, assessing, diagnosing,
Metabolic signaling under nutrient deprivation

Lipogenic gene expression in liver is repressed in mice upon leucine deprivation. The hormone FGF21, which is critical to the adaptive metabolic response to starvation, is also induced under amino acid deprivation. Upon leucine deprivation, we found that FGF21deficient mice showed unrepressed expression of lipogenic genes in liver and white adipose tissue, and decreased phosphorylation of HSL in white adipose tissue. The increased expression of Ucp1 in brown adipose tissue under these circumstances is also impaired in FGF21-deficient mice. Our results demonstrate the important role of FGF21 in the regulation of lipid metabolism during amino acid starvation.
Primal–dual active set method for control constrained optimal control of the Stokes equations

In this paper, we study the distributed and boundary optimal control of the Stokes equations in the presence of pointwise control constraints. The analysis of the problems involve existence results, as well as necessary conditions and optimality systems. A primal–dual active set strategy is studied for the numerical solution of the problems. For the distributed case, global and local convergence results for the infinite dimensional method are presented. For the boundary control case, due to the lack of regularity of the pointwise constraint multiplier, the method is applied to a discretized version of the original problem. Finally, some numerical experiments, which illustrate the performance of the method for both cases, are commented.
A feed is only as good as its ingredients – a review of ingredient evaluation strategies for aquaculture feeds

The evaluation of feed ingredients is crucial to nutritional research and feed development for aquaculture species. In evaluating ingredients for use in aquaculture feeds, there are several important knowledge components that should be understood to enable the judicious use of a particular ingredient in feed formulation. This includes information on (1) ingredient digestibilities, (2) ingredient palatability and (3) nutrient utilization and interference. Diet design, feeding strategy, faecal collection method and method of calculation all have important implications on the determination of the digestible value of nutrients from any ingredient. There are several ways in which palatability of ingredients can be assessed, usually based on variable inclusion levels of the ingredient in question in a reference diet and feeding of those diets under an apparent satietal or selfregulating feeding regimes. However, the design of the diets, the parameters of assessment and the feeding regime can all be subject to variation depending on subtleties of the experimental design. Clearly, issues relating to feed intake are the key performance criteria in palatability assessments, and it is important that such experiments maintain sufficient stringency to allow some self-discrimination of the test feeds by the fish. The ability of fish to use nutrients from the test ingredient, or defining factors that interfere with that process, is perhaps the most complex and variable part of the ingredient evaluation process. It is crucial to discriminate effects on feed intake from effects on utilization of nutrients from ingredients (for growth and other metabolic processes). To allow an increased focus on nutrient utilization by the animals, there are several experimental strategies that can be adopted, which are based on variations in diet design and feeding regime used. Other issues such as ingredient functionality, influence on immune status and effects on organoleptic qualities are also important consideration in determining the value of ingredients in aquaculture feed formulations. A key aspect to note is the need to design all experiments with sufficient experimental capacity to detect significant effects.