Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of external mass transfer on activation energy of butyl oleate ester synthesis using a whole cell biocatalyst

In the present research, synthesis of butyl oleate ester from oleic acid and butanol using loofa-immobilized Rhizopus oryzae as a whole cell biocatalyst (LIC) was studied in which hexane was used as the hydrophobic solvent. Decrease of mass transfer limitations as result of the interface formation between the two immiscible substrates, positively affected on the reaction progress (87% as the ester product yielded within 10 h). By applying Arrhenius equation, the activation energy of the ester synthesis was determined as Ea=18.2 kJ/mol within temperature range of 15-45°C. It was notable to test appearance of the nonlinearity in Arrhenius plot which was indicative of presence of two sections. The reaction limited region was 15-35°C; Ea=27 kJ/mol and diffusion limited region was >35°C; Ea=6.8 kJ/mol. Eventually, in this research, influence of external mass transfer on activation energy with reference to the catalytic role of the LIC in the ester synthesis was discussed.
Shared Triggering Mechanisms of Retinal Regeneration in Lower Vertebrates and Retinal Rescue in Higher Ones

Neural retina (NR) of the eye of vertebrates is underlined by retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE). NR↔RPE interconnection is critical for development, regeneration and function of both compartments of the retina. A disturbance of the normal quantitative correlation of RPE cells and photoreceptors, their structural and functional integrity unavoidably breaks visual cycle and induces retinal pathology. The majority of retinal diseases inherent, agerelated or systemic, links with a disturbance of NR↔RPE relationship. In the lab NR↔RPE disintegration can be achieved under some experimental conditions, such as NR separation and explantation, elimination of photoreceptors by bright light, chemical or mechanical damage of RPE and photoreceptors, and etc. A usage of experimental models in studies on the retina of lower and higher vertebrates endows a lot for understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms of retinal pathology, on one part, and natural mechanisms of its rescue, on the other.
Flow field visualization based motion segmentation for crowd counting

It is evident that crowd counting is one of bottlenecks for crowd related computer vision theory and applications such as surveillance. Since accuracy of estimating crowd size dominantly depends on the performance of motion detection of pedestrians, this paper attacks the challenging problem mainly by proposing a motion segmentation method based on flow field visualization. Firstly, the motion crowd and background are represented as different texture images by employing line integral convolution. Then information entropy is introduced to quantify the textures as different values so that the texture images can be segmented, further an optimal threshold is obtained via Otsu method to segment the binaryzation entropy image. Finally the area of motion foreground pixels is calculated for each image in a crowd motion video. The size of the crowd is estimated by least squares fitting using abundant datum of foreground pixels’ area and the number of individuals in a crowd. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed crowd counting method outperforms background subtraction and Gaussian Mixture Model in terms of Mean Absolute Error and Mean Relative Error.
LBDR: An efficient unicast routing support for CMPs

The roadmap for high-performance computing it is currently switching to multi-core architectures. Industry has shifted to the multi-core paradigm as single-core processors are reaching the power consumption wall. The solution is to put multiple and simple processors in the same chip fabric becoming chip multiprocessors (CMPs). An efficient interconnect layer for CMP architectures is needed to connect all the cores. Networks-on-chip (NoCs) are the key components of these architectures, and they have to deal with the communication scalability challenge while meeting tight power, area and latency design constraints. 2D mesh topologies are usually preferred by designers of general purpose NoCs. However, manufacturing faults may break their regularity. Moreover, resource management frameworks may require the segmentation of the network into irregular regions under virtualization or power-awareness scenarios. Under these conditions, efficient routing becomes a challenge. Although on the off-chip domain the use of routing tables at switches is flexible, in the onchip domain it does not scale in terms of latency and area due to its memory requirements. LBDR (Logic-Based Distributed Routing) is proposed as a new routing method that removes the need for routing tables at all. LBDR enables the implementation of many routing algorithms on most of the practical topologies we may find in the near future in a multi-core system. From an initial topology and routing algorithm, a set of three bits per switch/output port is computed. Evaluation results show that, by using a small logic, LBDR mimics the performance of routing algorithms when implemented with routing tables, both in regular and irregular topologies. This work also explores LBDR implementation in a real NoC switch, proving its smooth integration in the architecture and its negligible hardware and performance overhead.
FIIs and Indian Stock Market: A Causality Investigation

FIIs and Indian Stock Market: A Causality Investigation While the volatility associated with portfolio capital flows is well known, there is also a concern that foreign institutional investors might introduce distortions in the host country markets due to the pressure on them to secure capital gains. In this context, present chapter attempts to find out the direction of causality between foreign institutional investors (FIIs) and performance of Indian stock market. To facilitate a better understanding of the causal linkage between FII flows and contemporaneous stock market returns (BSE National Index), a period of nineteen consecutive financial years ranging from January 1992 to December 2010 is selected. Granger Causality Test has been applied to test the direction of causality. Zagraniczni Inwestorzy Instytucjonalni i Rynek Akcji w Indiach: Badania Związku Przyczynowego Aczkolwiek brak stabilności związany z przepływami kapitału portfelowego jest dobrze znany, to istnieje również obawa, że zagraniczni inwestorzy instytucjonalni mogą wprowadzać zakłócenia na rynkach krajów przyjmujących z uwagi na wywieraną na nich presję, aby zapewniać zyski kapitałowe. W tym kontekście niniejszy rozdział próbuje poznać kierunek przyczynowości pomiędzy zagranicznymi inwestorami instytucjonalnymi (FIIs) i działaniem indyjskiej giełdy. Aby ułatwić lepsze zrozumienie związku przyczynowego między przepływami FII i mającymi miejsce w tym samym czasie wynikami giełdy papierów wartościowych (BSE National Index), wybrany został okres dziewiętnastu kolejnych lat począwszy od stycznia 1992 do grudnia 2010. Do zbadania kierunku przyczynowości zastosowano test przyczynowości Grangera.
A Novel Scrambling Digital Image Watermark Algorithm Based on Double Transform Domains

Digital watermark technology is a very good method for protecting copyright. In this paper, in terms of requisition of imperceptibility and robustness of watermarking, the multidirectional, multiscale, and band-pass coefficient features of Curvelet transform are introduced and a novel image watermark scheme based on Curvelet and human visual system is proposed. Digital watermark information is embedded into the first 16 directions with larger energy in the fourth layer. Experimental results indicate that the proposed watermark scheme is feasible and simple. Simultaneously, the embedded watermark images just have tiny difference with the original images and the extracted watermark is accurate. Moreover, it is imperceptible and robust against various methods of signals processing such as cropping, noise adding, and rotating and altering.
Age-related changes in the growth performance, meat quality, and oxidativeprocesses in breast muscles of three chicken genotypes

The aim of this study was to determine growth performance, meat quality, and oxidative changes in breast muscles depending on the genotype and age of broiler chickens. The experiment was conducted on 1080 chickens: fast-growing Cobb 500, medium-growing Hubbard JA957, and a slow-growing experimental line. Chickens from all genetic groups were reared on litter for 8 weeks, but from the 5th week of age, 15 chickens from each group were slaughtered every week. After slaughter at weeks 5, 6, 7, and 8 of chickens' lives, their muscles were sampled for chemical composition, fatty acid profile, and cholesterol. Contents of reduced glutathione and ascorbic acid were determined as well. The fast-growing chickens achieved the highest daily gain and daily meat weight gain compared with the medium-growing chickens and the slow-growing experimental line. Meat of the fast-growing and medium-growing chickens was characterized by antioxidative potential decreasing with age, which was manifested by a decreased content of reduced glutathione. In turn, the slow-growing experimental line showed the lowest content of reduced glutathione (85.2 U/mL) in the sixth week and a systematic growth with age.
Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey

This paper presents a survey on the MAC and network layer of Wireless Sensor Networks. Performance requirements of the MAC layer are explored. MAC layer protocols for battery-powered networks and energy harvestingbased networks are discussed and compared. A detailed discussion on design constraints and classification of routing protocols is presented. Several routing protocols are compared in terms of such parameters as: energy consumption, scalability, network lifetime and mobility. Problems that require future research are presented. The cross-layer approach for WSNs is also surveyed. Keywords—cross layer, Medium Access Control, protocols, Wireless Sensor Networks.
EXPLORING FORGIVENESS: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FEELING FORGIVEN BY GOD AND SELF-FORGIVENESS FOR AN INTERPERSONAL OFFENSE By ALYCE MAE MARTIN

By ALYCE MAE MARTIN Recent literature shows that self-forgiveness may promote psychological health and well-being. Because of the potential benefits of self-forgiveness, researchers have attempted to identify factors that may facilitate the self-forgiveness process. One such facilitator may be the experience of feeling forgiven by God. Feeling forgiven by God, or the experience of divine forgiveness, has been linked with feelings of self-acceptance and other markers of well-being. Accordingly, the present study examined the relationship between divine forgiveness and self-forgiveness in two samples of participants: college students and a general sample of adults. Two hundred sixteen participants (n=108 per sample) wrote about an incident where they might have offended someone and completed questionnaires in an online format. Separate analyses were conducted for each sample of participants. Because the experience of divine forgiveness has not been studied extensively in psychological literature, as a first step the present study examined the structure of a scale that assesses people’s experience of divine forgiveness. Factor analysis revealed that the experience of divine forgiveness as measured by the Divine Forgiveness Scale falls into two factors: having a positive experience of divine forgiveness versus seeing God’s response as punitive. As predicted, the experience of divine forgiveness (both positive and punitive factors) predicted
Characterization and application of microbial antagonists for control of Fusarium head blight of wheat caused by Fusarium graminearum using single and mixture strain of antagonistic bacteria on resistance and susceptible cultivars

Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum leads to significant yield losses of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in many provinces of Iran, especially in the northern provinces in the margin of Caspian Sea. One strategy for the control of FHB is to use antagonistic bacteria that are plant growth promoting. In order to assess the potential of phyllospheric microorganisms in biological control of FHB, one hundred and ninety isolates of Pseudomonas, Erwinia and Bacillus spp. were collected from phyllosphere of healthy and infected wheats. Among them, eight isolates were selected and purified with the most antagonistic ability against the growth of pathogenic fungal species (F. graminearum) using the dual culture method. According to the results of biochemical and physiological tests, they were identified as three biovar of Pseudomonas fluorescens, one isolate of them was Erwinia herbicola and two species of Bacillus such as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus. Production of antifungal substances and volatile metabolites, siderophores and secretion of lytic enzymes such as protease and cellulase were evaluated as the inhibitory mechanisms in vitro. Furthermore, the effects of antagonistic bacteria were studied on severity and incidence of disease caused by F. graminearum in greenhouse conditions. Statistical analysis of data indicated that wheat spikes treatment with antagonistic bacteria not only reduced the severity and incidence of disease compared with the control but also showed positive influence on growth and yield of wheat cultivars. In general, multiple isolates such as B. subtilis 1 and P. fluorescens bv. 1 and 4 together were determined as the most effective strains in reducing incidence of disease. It can be concluded that multiple antagonistic isolates have better effects of control than single isolate. Key words: Biological control, Fusarium head blight, Fusarium graminearum,Pseudomonas fluorescens, Erwinia herbicola and Bacillus subtilis.
Reconstruction of Cloud Geometry from High-Resolution Multi-Angle Images

We consider the reconstruction of the interface of compact, connected “clouds” from satellite or airborne light intensity measurements. In a two dimensional setting, the cloud is modeled by an interface, locally represented as a graph, and an outgoing radiation intensity that is consistent with a diffusion model for light propagation in the cloud. Light scattering inside the cloud and the optical internal parameters of the cloud are not modeled. The main objective is to understand what can or cannot be reconstructed in such a setting from intensity measurements in a finite (on the order of 10) number of directions along the path of a satellite. Numerical simulations illustrate the theoretical predictions.
Vine performance and leaf physiology of conventionally and minimally pruned Sangiovese grapevines

A three-year-study (1996-1998) was carried out on field-grown Sangiovese grapevines under the temperate, humid climate of the Po Valley (northern Italy) to assess their degree of adaptation to minimal pruning (MP) as compared to conventional pruning (CP). Evaluation included canopy growth, yield, berry ripening and grape rot incidence. In 1996 leaf function was determined as net assimilation (A); seasonal total canopy light interception and percentage of canopy gaps were also measured. As compared to CP, over the 3-year period MP showed typical features of a more rapid canopy development and earlier growth cessation, higher shoot number with shorter shoots and smaller leaves, higher yields with smaller and looser clusters less susceptible to bunch rot. Must sugar concentration was significantly lowered. Seasonal rates of A recorded on single leaves of the two pruning treatments at different shoot positions were overall similar except for higher A in young MP leaves having a chronological age of about 8-10 d. MP also showed the tendency of retarded leaf senescence. The seasonal total light interception trends indicated a linear increase with formation of leaf area in CP, whereas total light interception in MP augmented until about 50 % of canopy filling and then remained constant with further leaf area development. This suggests that about half the leaf area produced in the MP vines contributed mostly to mutual shading rather than enhancing light interception capability, and, hence, photosynthetic capacity. The overall data indicate that a satisfactory balance in the minimally pruned Sangiovese grapevines can only be reached with further adjustments of crop level to be performed either as partial winter and/or summer pruning. Nevertheless, in MP vines the consistent feature of looser clusters which are much less susceptible to bunch rot is crucial in an area usually characterized by abundant rainfall at pre-harvest.
The Behavior of Recycled Concrete through the Application of an Isotropic Damage Model

The main goal of this paper is to describe the mechanical behavior of the CDW recycled concrete in compression, using an isotropic damage model adapted to the variation of the replacement rate of natural aggregates by recycled ones. The isotropic model by Mazars was used as a constitutive equation for the CDW concrete and its adjustment parameters, A and B, were written as quadratic polynomials according to the aggregates replacement rate. The model was evaluated for conventional and recycled concretes. For the latter ones, the aggregates replacement ratios evaluated were 50% and 100%. The results show good approximation between the analytical and numerical values obtained with the adapted isotropic damage model and experimental concrete results for both compressive and flexural strength.
Early Literacy Practices go Digital

The aim of this study is to contribute to an understanding of how digitalization affects early literacy practices in terms of literacy teaching (methods, materials, routinized activities, etc.) and the use of literacy genres in digitalized writing. The study has an overall ethnographical design, where we as researchers, over the course of two years, follow a group of first grade teachers when they “go digital” in their literacy teaching. The study is theoretically influenced by New Literacy Studies, genre theory and multimodality. “Going digital” here includes both the new digital tools that the classrooms have been equipped with (e.g. computers, smart boards, projectors, etc.) and the use of a specific early literacy method, learning to read through writing on computers – without using a pencil. The method involves a change from children learning to read and write by using textbooks for reading and pencils for writing to using computers from the start. The children’s own texts are used as important reading material. When children use digital writing tools their texts become longer and they also use a wider range of literacy genres, specifically more factual genres.
Landscapes, legibility, and conservation planning: multiple representations of forest use in Panama

In recent years, conservationists have increasingly used satellite imagery based analyses for planning. We used forest plots and satellite image analysis to study the same landscape of forests used and managed by Wounaan indigenous peoples in eastern Panama. We studied 20‐, 10‐, and 1‐year‐old rice swiddens, single tree extraction sites for dugouts, and homegardens in comparison with multi‐use mature forests to examine whether Wounaan forest use histories could be distinguished by vegetation patterns and Landsat satellite imagery. We found that forest use histories were discriminated by vegetation structure and floristics, but these uses were largely obscured in satellite images. We discuss how conservation planning is impacted by these different methods, particularly how the perceived objectivity of satellite imagery may be used to dichotomize culture and nature. We conclude by encouraging the critical use of satellite imagery in conservation by using mixed methods at multiple temporal and spatial scales.
Soldier / Hardware-inthe-loop Simulation-based Combat Vehicle Duty Cycle Measurement : Duty Cycle Experiment 2

This paper describes a human-in-the-loop motion-bas ed simulator interfaced to hybrid-electric power system hardware both of which were used to measure the duty cycle of a combat vehicle in a virtual sim ulation environment. The project discussed is a greatly ex panded follow-on to the experiment published in [1] . This paper is written in the context of [1] and therefore highlig hts the enhancements. The most prominent of these enhancements is the integration (in real-time) of the Power & Elect ri System Integration Lab (P&E SIL) with a motion base simulator by means of a “long haul” connection over the Inter n t (a geographical distance of 2,450 miles). The P&E SIL is, therefore, able to respond to commands issued by th e vehicle’s driver and gunner and, in real-time, af fect the simulated vehicle’s performance. By thus incorpora ting hardware into a human-in-the-loop experiment, TARDEC engineers are able to evaluate the actual power sys tem as it responds to actual human behavior. After introducing the project, the paper describes the simulation environ me t which was assembled to run the experiment. It emphasizes the design of the experiment as well as the approac h, challenges and issues involved in creating a rea l-time link between the motion-base simulator and the P&E SIL. It presents the test results and briefly discusses on-going and future work.
1222-1224 Aida MOHEBi

Generally, during the preliminary exploration stages of porphyry copper deposits (PCDs), the mineralization and exploration targets will be evaluated using mineral potential modeling that includes recognizable mineralization determination criteria, data preparation, generating factor maps, and combining of factor maps into the appropriate inference networks. The most important PCDs are related to subduction activity (Guilbert, 1986; Sawkins, 1990). Urmia– Dokhtar Magmatic Arc (UDMA) Porphyry copper deposit belt, which passes through Iran, is one of the most important examples of this kind of geodynamic setting. Several PCDs include Sarcheshmeh, which is the world’s eighth in terms of contained copper and gold (Cook et al, 2005), are located in the NW-SE trending (UDMA). This study area is located in southern part of UMDA in Southeast of Iran in 1:100000 Sarduiye geology sheet. There are some occurrences and PCDs in this region among which are Sarmashk, Daralou, and Bondar Hanza. In fact, Sarduiyeh area is a monocline from volcanic rocks, such as rhyolite and andesite, of Eocene age with intrusions of younger granodiorite and granite rocks. The aim of this paper is the predication of copper porphyry mineralization in the study area by using of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method in GIS. To this end, geological data, Aster satellite images, airborne geophysics, and stream sediment geochemical data have been used.
Variable Selection and Parameter Estimation with the Atan Regularization Method

Variable selection is fundamental to high-dimensional statistical modeling. Many variable selection techniques may be implemented by penalized least squares using various penalty functions. In this paper, an arctangent type penalty which very closely resembles penalty is proposed; we call it Atan penalty. The Atan-penalized least squares procedure is shown to consistently select the correct model and is asymptotically normal, provided the number of variables grows slower than the number of observations. The Atan procedure is efficiently implemented using an iteratively reweighted Lasso algorithm. Simulation results and data example show that the Atan procedure with BIC-type criterion performs very well in a variety of settings.