Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Behavior underpins the predictive power of a trait‐based model of butterfly movement

Abstract Dispersal ability is key to species persistence in times of environmental change. Assessing a species' vulnerability and response to anthropogenic changes is often performed using one of two methods: correlative approaches that infer dispersal potential based on traits, such as wingspan or an index of mobility derived from expert opinion, or a mechanistic modeling approach that extrapolates displacement rates from empirical data on short‐term movements. Here, we compare and evaluate the success of the correlative and mechanistic approaches using a mechanistic random‐walk model of butterfly movement that incorporates relationships between wingspan and sex‐specific movement behaviors. The model was parameterized with new data collected on four species of butterfly in the south of England, and we observe how wingspan relates to flight speeds, turning angles, flight durations, and displacement rates. We show that flight speeds and turning angles correlate with wingspan but that to achieve good prediction of displacement even over 10 min the model must also include details of sex‐ and species‐specific movement behaviors. We discuss what factors are likely to differentially motivate the sexes and how these could be included in mechanistic models of dispersal to improve their use in ecological forecasting.
Possibility of pharmacokinetic drug interaction between a DPP-4 inhibitor and a SGLT2 inhibitor

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial condition characterized by high level of sugar in the blood. To control hyperglycemia, combination therapy is recommended if monotherapy fails to achieve glycemic control. The combination of a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor and a sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor is a promising option of the combination therapies in terms of safety as well as efficacy. Despite of the value of combination therapy of these two agents, the pharmacokinetic drug interactions between these two classes of agents have been evaluated in a few drugs. Thus, we reviewed the potential pharmacokinetic drug interaction based on the in vitro metabolism- and transporter-mediated drug interaction information as well as drug interaction studies in human, between a DPP-4 inhibitor and a SGLT2 inhibitor which are marketed in South Korea.
Parity and Heart Failure in Postmenopausal Women

2 List of Tables . 4 List of Figures . 4 List of Abbreviations . 4 BACKGROUND . 5 METHODS . 6 RESULTS . 6 DISCUSSION . 8 CONCLUSION . 9 References . 10 Table I: Quality Assessment of Reviewed Articles . 11 Table II. Heart Failure Incidence in Female populations based on parity . 11 Table III. Nulliparity and Differentiated Heart Failure Incidence . 12 Figure I. PRISMA Flow Diagram . 13
A DATA MINING-BASED APPROACH TO PREDICT STRAIN SITUATIONS IN HOSPITAL EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT SYSTEMS

Nowadays, emergency departments are confronted to exceptional events such as epidemics problems or health crises. These situations increase the patient flow. The consequence of this influx of patients has resulted in problems of ED overcrowding which often increases the length of stay of patients (LOS) in EDs and leads to strain situations. To cope with such situations, ED managers must predict the LOS. In this paper, we propose a model for predicting the patient length of stay (LOS) in ED using data mining techniques. The used data was collected from the pediatric emergency department (PED) in Lille regional hospital centre, France. Our target is to illustrate with a real world case study, how data mining can be benefit to predict LOS and which its limitations.
Meloxicam, a Selective COX-2 Inhibitor, Mediates Hypoxia-Inducible Factor- (HIF-) 1α Signaling in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is regarded as a leading cause of cancer-related deaths, and its progression is associated with hypoxia and the induction of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). Meloxicam, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, induces cell death in various malignancies. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated in HCC, especially under hypoxic conditions. The alteration of COX-2 and HIF-1α oncogenicity was evaluated in HCC specimens by tissue microarray. Cell viability, angiogenesis assays, and xenografted nude mice were used to evaluate the effects of meloxicam, along with flow cytometry to detect the cell cycle, apoptosis, and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) of HCC. qRT-PCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, luciferase assay, and RNAi were carried out to determine the HIF-1α signaling affected by meloxicam. In this study, we showed that meloxicam exerts antiproliferative and antiangiogenesis efficacy in vitro and in vivo and causes disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), thus leading to caspase-dependent apoptosis under hypoxic environments. Exposure to meloxicam significantly reduced HIF-1α transcriptional activation and expression through sequestering it in the cytoplasm and accelerating degradation via increasing the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein (pVHL) in HCC. These data demonstrated that inhibition of HIF-1α by meloxicam could suppress angiogenesis and enhance apoptosis of HCC cells. This discovery highlights that COX-2 specific inhibitors may be a promising therapy in the treatment of HCC.
Tendon Disorders and Gender: Research Perspectives

Tendon lesions are very common and may affect people in their daily activities, work or sports practice. Given the high rate at which such injuries happen, its treatment represents an important share of the health system and of the sport industry [1]. Injuries involving musculoskeletal system are the major causes of suspension of athletes from their activities. Also, tendon and ligaments damage are the leading reason why people seek medical care, regarding musculoskeletal disorders [2,3]. Tendon lesions may be classified as chronic, e.g. tendinitis, or acute, were total or partial tendon rupture occurs. Such rupture may be preceded by chronic inflammation or happen without any previous lesion [1]. According to Szaro et al. [4], tendon lesions are usually related to factors like chronic disease (including diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis), age and gender.
Outcome of dual column fixation for intra articular distal humerus fracture

Introduction: In young adults, most distal humerus fracture occurs from high energy trauma, sideswipe injuries, road traffic accidents, fall from height, and gunshot wounds. and also it follows a bimodal age distribution (1). Most distal humerus fractures are intra-articular and involve both the medial and lateral columns Aim: To evaluate functional and radiological outcome of patients treated with bicolumn fixation with LCP in intra-articular distal humerus fractures. Materials and Methods: Our study is a prospective study in which we selected 20 cased remdomly with distal humerus fracture with intraarticular extension and treated with open reduction and internal fixation with dual plating. Results: Union was achieved in all cases with in study period. There was no case of non-union, elbow stiffness occurred in one patient. Conclusions: Proper functioning of elbow joint depends on anatomical reduction and good fixation of intraarticular fracture with dual LCP and early mobilization so that mobilization of elbow should be started as early as possible after fracture fixation.
Epidemiology of hypoglycaemia: Trends, risk factors and outcomes

Background: Few data are available on the burden, risk factors, and outcomes of hospitalisation for hypoglycaemia. Newer glucose-lowering medications, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, have been associated with a lower risk of hypoglycaemia in individual randomised controlled trials (RCTs); yet, they have not been systematically compared to older therapies. Lastly, recent observations have also suggested an association between hypoglycaemia and cardiovascular mortality. Methods: This research is structured in three parts. First, I used the NHS Hospital Episode Statistics data to: examine trends of admissions for hypoglycaemia in England between 2005 and 2014; define risk factors for admissions and differences in outcomes; develop and validate prognostic models to calculate risk of inpatient death and length of hospital stay. Second, I compared the risk of hypoglycaemia for once-weekly GLP-1RAs and SGLT2 inhibitors vs other medications with network meta-analyses of RCTs. Third, I investigated the relationship between fasting plasma glucose and risk of arrhythmias in a cohort study, aiming to clarify the pathophysiological mechanisms linking hypoglycaemia to cardiovascular disease. Results: Admissions for hypoglycaemia increased between 2005 and 2010, with more stable trends thereafter. Differences exist across regions in England for both trends and risk factors for admissions: these findings have been instrumental for the development of a tool to calculate individual risk of inpatient mortality and length of hospital stay. Meta-analyses indicated a lower risk of hypoglycaemia for GLP-1RAs and SGLT2 inhibitors compared to older glucose-lowering therapies. Lastly, in the cohort analysis, there was an inverse relationship between fasting plasma glucose and risk of arrhythmias. Conclusion: This thesis can broaden understanding of the burden of hospitalisation for hypoglycaemia and elucidate the link between hypoglycaemia and cardiovascular disease. These results could also assist decision makers in the adoption of individualand population-level strategies.
A closer look at cognitive control: differences in resource allocation during updating, inhibition and switching as revealed by pupillometry

The present study investigated resource allocation, as measured by pupil dilation, in tasks measuring updating (2-Back task), inhibition (Stroop task) and switching (Number Switch task). Because each cognitive control component has unique characteristics, differences in patterns of resource allocation were expected. Pupil and behavioral data from 35 participants were analyzed. In the 2-Back task (requiring correct matching of current stimulus identity at trial p with the stimulus two trials back, p −2) we found that better performance (low total of errors made in the task) was positively correlated to the mean pupil dilation during correctly responding to targets. In the Stroop task, pupil dilation on incongruent trials was higher than those on congruent trials. Incongruent vs. congruent trial pupil dilation differences were positively related to reaction time differences between incongruent and congruent trials. Furthermore, on congruent Stroop trials, pupil dilation was negatively related to reaction times, presumably because more effort allocation paid off in terms of faster responses. In addition, pupil dilation on correctly-responded-to congruent trials predicted a weaker Stroop interference effect in terms of errors, probably because pupil dilation on congruent trials were diagnostic of task motivation, resulting in better performance. In the Number Switch task we found higher pupil dilation in switch as compared to non-switch trials. On the Number Switch task, pupil dilation was not related to performance. We also explored error-related pupil dilation in all tasks. The results provide new insights in the diversity of the cognitive control components in terms of resource allocation as a function of individual differences, task difficulty and error processing.
Patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Stages B and C Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Time for a Subclassification

Background: The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) intermediate and advanced stages (BCLC B and C) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) both include heterogeneous populations. Patients classified as BCLC stage B present with different tumour burdens, and the recommended treatment is transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). A similar heterogeneity of tumour burden and liver function can be found among patients classified as BCLC stage C, which includes diverse clinical features (performance status [PS] 1–2), macrovascular invasion (MVI) including portal vein tumour (PVT) thrombosis, and/or extra-hepatic spread. Nonetheless, the anti-tumoural treatment formally recommended by Western guidelines is systemic therapy with sorafenib. Summary: Several proposals of subclassification for both these stages have been suggested in recent years, differentiating the more appropriate treatments for each substage. In particular, for BCLC stage C patients with PVT, therapeutic indications, clinical outcomes, and response to locoregional therapy are notably different in the presence of subsegmental, segmental or main PVT. Accordingly, liver resection and transarterial therapies, such as TACE or transarterial embolization (TAE) and 90Y-radioembolization (TARE), can be performed in locally advanced HCC with intrahepatic MVI according to its extent. In fact, surgery and TACE/TAE/TARE have no contraindications in the presence of PVT limited to the subsegmental or segmental branches in Child-Pugh class A patients, whereas only TARE should be utilized when there is lobar branch involvement. The presence of PS 1 should not be sufficient to allocate patients to the advanced stage since this would preclude any potential treatment for HCC. Patients should be properly classified as BCLC C only in cases of main portal trunk PVT, and treated according to the guidelines, provided that they belong to Child-Pugh class A. Key Messages: Subclassifications of BCLC B and C stages are urgently needed and require validation in order to guide clinicians towards the most effective treatment option.
Cost of preventing an event (COPE) of enzalutamide versus abiraterone plus prednisone in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer under the Brazilian private health care system perspective

RESUMO Introdução: O câncer de próstata resistente a castração metastático (CPRCM) é definido como uma neoplasia proliferativa contínua. Com o avanço de novas tecnologias, novos tratamentos foram desenvolvidos: enzalutamida (ENZ) e acetato de abiraterona + prednisona (AA+P). Este estudo analisou o custo por evento evitado (COPE) da ENZ e AA+P no tratamento do CPRCM após quimioterapia, sob a perspectiva do Sistema de Saúde Suplementar, utilizando os desfechos de eficácia sobrevida global (SG) e sobrevida livre de progressão radiográfica (SLPr). Métodos: Uma análise de custo foi realizada baseada nos estudos pivotais de ENZ e AA+P após uso de docetaxel a fim de calcular o COPE. Dois parâmetros foram necessários: custo anual de tratamento (CAT) e número necessário a tratar (NNT). O NNT é o inverso da redução de risco absoluto (RRA). O COPE é o CAT multiplicado pelo NNT. Resultados: Os resultados de CAT destacam uma economia de R$ 1.006,00 (ENZ: R$ 73.799,00 vs AA+P: R$ 74.804,00) por paciente com ENZ em comparação com AA+P. O NNT, em 12 meses, foi: NNT SG/ENZ =7,14; NNT SLPr/ENZ =5,00; NNT SG/AA+P =8,33 e NNT SLPr/AA+P =8,33. Assim, o COPE calculado foi: COPE SG/ENZ =R$ 527.691,00; COPE SLPr/ENZ =R$ 369.384,00; COPE SG/AA+P =R$ 623.368,00 e COPE rPFS/
Evaluation of Frequency of Congenital Hypothyroidism and its Risk Factors in Newborns in Kohgiluyeh County (2013-2016)

Introduction: Congenital hypothyroidism is one of the most common endocrine diseases and is one of the most important causes of mental retardation. The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of hypothyroidism and its effective factors in Kohgiluyeh County from 2013 to 2016. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was performed on newborns born in Kohgiluyeh County who participated in the congenital hypothyroid screening from March 2013 to February 2016. Neonates with TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone) were healed more than or equal to 5. Then, their serum TSH level was measured. Newborns with a TSH level greater than or equal to 10 mu / L were considered as congenital hypothyroidism. For each patient, three healthy children were selected as controls. SPSS software was used to analyze the data. Results: The incidence of disease was 5.56 in 1000 live births during these four years, of which 1 case was diagnosed in 180 live births. Boys were 20.6% more likely to have hypothyroidism than girls. There was no significant relationship between the type of delivery and the incidence of hypothyroidism (P> 0.05). Also, there was a significant relationship between the history of hypothyroidism in the family and hypothyroidism (P = 0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism in Kohgiluyeh County city is more than national and global statistics, which has concerns (1: 180 live births).
Importance of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of breast hamartoma

Aim: Hamartomas are benign breast lesions. Radiologic and clinical evaluation has great importance in the diagnosis for reducing unnecessary procedures. We intend to investigate the contribution of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of hamartomas Method: Our research has been conducted retsospectively, a total of 55 breast hamartomas were reassessed using mammography (MG) and MRI. In the detection of morphological features of hamartomas were compared efficacy of MG and MRI. ADC values were obtained corresponding to lesion localization and normal breast parenchyma. Result:MRI was significantly superior to MG in detecting pesudo-capsule and size(p<0,001). There was no significant difference between enhancement pattern and ADC values obtained from breast tissue and hamartoma. Conclusion: Conclusionally, we assume that MRI can provide more detailed information in difficult cases which have not classical mammographic appearances, so MRI can be considered as an alternative imaging for accurate diagnosis and prevent unnecessary biopsies and surgeries. *Correspondence to: Arslan FZ, Konya Training and Research Hospital, Department of Radiology, Haci Saban Mah, Meram New Road Avenue, Meram, Konya, Turkey, Tel: 05064382430; Fax: 03323236723; E-mail: Zeynep_a1002@hotmail.com
Optimisation du contrôle glycémique des patients atteints de diabète de type 1 : traitement efficace des hypoglycémies, calcul des glucides et pancréas artificiel

v LISTE DES TABLEAUX . ix LISTE DES FIGURES . xi LISTE DES ANNEXES . xii LISTE DES ABRÉVIATIONS . xv REMERCIEMENTS . xviii CHAPITRE
Adaptative Clinical Decision Support System using Machine Learning and Authoring Tools

: Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) offer the potential to improve quality of clinical care and patients’ outcomes while reducing medical errors and economic costs. The development of these systems results difficult since (i) generating the knowledge base that CDSS use to evaluate clinical data requires technical and clinical knowledge, and (ii) usually the reasoning process of CDSS is difficult to understand for clinicians leading to a low adherence to the recommendations provided by these systems. Hereafter, to address these issues, we propose a web-based platform, named Knowledge Generation Tool (KGT), which (i) enables clinicians to take an active role in the creation of the CDSSs in a simple way, and (ii) clinicians’ involvement can turn in an improvement of the model predictor capabilities, while their comprehension of the reasoning process of the CDSS is increased. The KGT consist on three main modules: DT building , which implements machine learning methods to extract automatically decision trees (DTs) from clinical data frames; an authoring tool (AT), which enables the clinicians to modify the DT with their expert knowledge, and the DT testing , which allows to test any DT, being able to test objectively any modification made by clinician’s expert knowledge.
Pathophysiology and clinical aspects of temporal evolution of intracerebral hemorrhage - implication in prognosis and neurorehabilitation

Abstract Over the past 10 years great progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of neurological pathology such is stroke. Primary intracerebral hemorrhage (PICH) is a devastating subtype of stroke, caused by acute and spontaneously of the blood in the cerebral parenchyma. Its many causes offer a substantial heterogeneity in terms of clinical appearance, evolution, prognosis and therapeutically resources. Despite of high importance in neurology, the pathophisiological mechanisms of PICH is not complete understand. The aim of this paper is to emphasize the importance of etiological factors and pathophysiological mechanisms in the clinical evolution, prognosis and patient's rehabilitation in PICH
Effect of Surfactant Type, Cholesterol Content and Various Downsizing Methods on the Particle Size of Niosomes

The present study was conducted to investigate the performance of different size reduction techniques including probe sonication, extrusion, and high pressure homogenization for nanosizing of niosomes. Also, the effects of cholesterol content and surfactant type on the size and poly dispersity index (PDI) of the formulations were evaluated. Various niosomal formulations composed of Brij 72, Span 60, or Tween 60 were prepared and then, to reduce vesicle size and minimize the PDI, the niosomes were treated by various post-processing procedures. Surfactant type showed a significant effect on the particle size of the niosomes. The particle size of Tween 60 niosomes was significantly larger than those of Span 60 and Brij 72 niosomes (P < 0.05), indicating that at the same cholesterol content, niosomes composed of a surfactant with a higher HLB value show larger particle size than those with a lower HLB value. The influences of cholesterol content as well as downsizing methods, on the particle size and distribution of niosomes were significantly dependent on the surfactant composition of the niosomes. Extrusion and probe sonication were found to be the most efficient methods for size reduction of the Tween 60 and Span 60 niosomes, while for downsizing of Brij 72 niosomes, all employed methods were efficient and resulted in the approximately similar size of about 200 nm. In conclusion, the selection of an efficient method for nanosizing of niosomes and also achievement of a desired size range, and homogeneity highly depends on the niosome composition, particularly on the employed surfactant type.