Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance enhancement of waveguide-coupled Ge-on-Si photodetector with additional p-i-n junction

Waveguide-coupled germanium (Ge) p-i-n photodetectors (PDs) have attracted much attention and have been investigated widely due to their high performance and enable on-chip integration. In this paper, we report on the fabrication and experimental demonstration of an integrated lateral waveguide p-i-n PD with additional Si doping. In order to achieve a high performance detector, we used a novel silicon substrate doping to improve the electric field intensity in the active region. It is demonstrated by experiment that the strategy using additional Si doping to decrease dark current and to increase the bandwidth is more favorable. Using the additional Si doped p-i-n junction, the waveguide coupled Ge-on-Si p-i-n PD shows a comprehensive performance improvement. With comparison to the conventional waveguide coupled Ge-on-Si p-i-n PD, such a PD, owns an about 60% improvement on the tested -3 dB opto-electrical cut-off frequency and shows the smaller dark current at voltage of -1 V. We obtained at a reverse voltage of 1V a dark current lower than 30 nA, a responsivity higher than 1.1 A/W at 1550 nm wavelength, and a -3 dB optoelectrical cut-off frequency over 25 GHz. Evidently, the waveguide coupled Ge-on-Si p-i-n PD with additional p-i-n junction is very effective to promote the performance of device, which is very promising to be applied in the further high power Ge-on-Si PD fabrication.
Functional morpho-anatomy of water-gap complexes in physically dormant seed

Abstract Physical dormancy (PY) occurs in at least 18 angiosperm plant families and is caused by water-impermeable palisade cells in seed (or fruit) coats. Breaking of PY involves disruption or dislodgement of water-gap structures causing the seeds/fruits to become water permeable (non-dormant). The water-gap region is a morphologically distinct area of the seed or fruit coat that forms a water-gap complex. The location, anatomy, morphology and origin of water-gaps can differ between and even within families and genera. Water-gap structures sense environmental conditions that allow seeds with PY to become permeable just prior to the commencement of conditions favourable for germination and plant establishment. There are three basic water-gap morpho-anatomies characterized by the way the water-gap opens: Type-I, Type-II and Type-III. In Type-I water-gaps, specific kinds of cells pull apart to form a surface opening, while in Type-II a portion of the surface structure is pulled away from adjacent cells, opening the water-gap. Type-III is the least common type and has a circular, plug-like structure that is dislodged, whereby water entry occurs. In addition, water-gap complexes are either simple or compound, depending on whether only a single primary water-gap structure is involved in dormancy release or an additional secondary water-gap structure opens, permitting water entry.
Effect of Genex, a feed additive containing organic acids and herb extracts, on the performance of broiler chickens

Σe αυτήν την πeιραματική eργασία eξeτάστηκe η eπίδραση του Genex, μιας πρόσθeτης ύλης ζωοτροφών που πeριέχeι μυρμηκικό και προπιονικό οξυ, τα άλατα τους μe αμμωνία και eκχυλίσματα βοτάνων, στις αποδόσeις κρeοπαραγωγών ορνιθίων. Χρησιμοποιήθηκαν 17.340 ορνίθια τύπου Cobb, ηλικίας ημέρας, τα οποία κατανeμήθηκαν τυχαία σe 3 ομάδeς και eγκαταστάθηκαν σe δάπeδο μe στρωμνή από ροκανίδια. Καθ' όλη τη διάρκeια του πeιραματισμού, που ήταν 40 ημέρeς, τα ορνίθια της ομάδας των μαρτύρων διατράφηκαν μe συνήθη τροφή του eμπορίου, eκeίνα της δeύτeρης ομάδας μe την ίδια βασική τροφή στην οποία eίχe προστeθeί φλαβομυκίνη σe αναλογία 8 g/τόννο, eνώ στην τροφή της τρίτης ομάδας eίχe προστeθeί Genex σe αναλογία 3 kg / τόννο μέχρι την ηλικία των 21 ημeρών και 4 kg /τόννο από την eπόμeνη ημέρα και μέχρι τη λήξη του πeιραματισμού. Για την eκτίμηση των αποδόσeων των κρeοπαραγωγών ορνιθίων προσδιορίστηκαν τα σωματικά βάρη, η κατανάλωση τροφής, ο δeίκτης μeτατρeψιμότητας τροφής, η θνησιμότητα των πτηνών και ο δeίκτης παραγωγικότητας. Ακόμη μeτρήθηκe η ρυθμιστική ικανότητα των τροφών που χορηγήθηκαν στις ομάδeς των ορνιθίων καθώς και όλων των πρώτων υλών. Τα αποτeλέσματα έδeιξαν ότι τα ορνίθια που πήραν Genex μe την τροφή τους eμφάνισαν eυνοϊκότeρη αύξηση σe σχέση μe τους μάρτυρeς, eνώ παρουσίασαν την ίδια αύξηση μe eκeίνα στα οποία χορηγήθηκe μe την τροφή τους φλαβομυκίνη.
Pilot study of a brief psychological intervention for reducing emotional exhaustion and secondary traumatic stress among physicians of intensive care units in Mexico

Introduction. Physicians of Intensive Care Units (ICU) have a potential risk to develop negative outcomes such as emotional exhaustion and secondary traumatic stress (STS). Specifically, job demands in these units (i.e., work stressors and emotional effort) may positively predict these outcomes, whereas personal resources such as harmonious passion and self-compassion may diminish them. Objetive. To design a specific intervention for physicians in ICU and provide preliminary evidence of its effectiveness. Method. A brief intervention of five weekly sessions (two hour-sessions) was carried out with four physicians in ICU in a hospital in Mexico. Other four physicians were selected as a control group. The intervention was aimed at reducing emotional exhaustion and STS by increasing harmonious passion and self-compassion, and diminishing the emotional effort. Results. The intervention group showed a significant reduction in: a) work stressors (2/4 physicians; RCI = .21); emotional effort (1/4 physicians; (RCI = .60); emotional exhaustion (2/4 physicians; RCI = .34); and STS (3/4 physicians; RCI = .26). One physician experienced a significant increase in harmonious passion (RCI = 1.00), but the intervention seems to maintain high levels of this and self-compassion in comparison with the control group. The control group showed a worse result in its outcomes. Discussion and conclusion. Despite the limitations, this study provides preliminary evidence for effectively reducing emotional exhaustion and STS. Our findings highlight the individual analysis of the effective tools per physician and address interventions focused on harmonious passion and self-compassion. This study calls for future research concerning intervention proposals in ICU with follow-up measures to diminish the negative consequences in the long-term.
Polymer anti-solvent additives for high-performance perovskite photodetector

Organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite material is an emerging semiconductor material that is widely used in functional devices such as solar cells and photodetectors. It has many advantages, low preparation cost, high light absorption coefficient, long carrier diffusion length, high carrier mobility, etc. However, due to the instability of perovskite, it is easy to decompose in the water and oxygen environment, which has become an obstacle to its development. In this paper, by adding polymethyl methacrylate to the anti-solvent to reduce the perovskite grain boundaries, improve directional growth and the quality of the film. The performance of the photodetector prepared by this method has been effectively improved, there is a significant photocurrent under illumination, and the stability has also been improved. This method provides a good candidate for the next generation of high-performance photodetectors.
Effect of Low Intensity Magnetic Field Stimulation on Calcium-Mediated Cytotoxicity After Mild Spinal Cord Contusion Injury in Rats

Background: Magnetic field (MF) stimulation has the potential to reduce secondary damage and promote functional recovery after neural tissue injury. The study aimed to observe the effect of very low intensity (17.96µT) MF on general body condition, secondary damage, pain status, and locomotion. Methods: We exposed rats to MF (2 h/day × 3 weeks) after 6.25 mm contusion spinal injury. Locomotor behavior was evaluated by BBB score, pain assessment was done by recording threshold for tail flick, expression of voltage-gated calcium channels and extent of secondary damage in the spinal cord was assessed by immunofluorescence and Cresyl violet staining, respectively. Results: A significant (p ≤ .001) improvement in bladder function as well as BBB score was observed after MF exposure in comparison with sham and SCI over the observation period of 3 weeks. SCI group showed an increase in the threshold for vocalization after discharge, which decreased following MF exposure. Cresyl violet staining showed significantly higher tissue sparing (73%) at the epicenter after MF exposure when compared to SCI group. This was accompanied with a significant decrease in calcium channel expression in MF group as compared to SCI. Conclusion: The results suggest facilitation of sensory-motor recovery after MF exposure, which could be due to attenuation of secondary damage and calcium-mediated excitotoxicity in a mild contusion rat model of SCI.
The impact of digitalization on the client-oriented approach in the provision of public services to business entities

The development of a client-oriented approach in the provision of public services in the Russian Federation is an urgent task in modern conditions. The availability of public services, the quality of their provision forms an idea of the quality of life of the population in the state as a whole. The quality of public services is one of the generalizing characteristics and an important indicator of the activities of Federal and municipal Executive authorities. On the one hand, the activities of Federal and municipal Executive bodies providing public services do not aim to make a profit. Such organizations provide public services to the population, some of them are implemented on a reimbursable basis. The term “effectiveness of public services” should be considered primarily in view of its social purpose, which is directly related to the satisfaction of recipients of public services.
Physiological and metabolic analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana with low expression of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase subunits

The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzyme 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (2-OGDH) converts 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) to succinyl-CoA concomitant with NAD reduction. Notably 2-OGDH has an essential role in plant metabolism, it is limiting factor for respiration and has important role in carbon-nitrogen interactions. Although the role of the 2-OGDH has been previously demonstrated in heterotrophic and autotrophic plant tissues using specific inhibitor, here we used knockout mutant plants in each gene encoding the E1 subunit of 2-OGDH of Arabidopsis thaliana. The mutant lines exhibited substantial reduction in respiration and photosynthesis. These mutant lines displayed also alterations in the levels of chlorophyll, protein, nitrate, sucrose and starch. In addition, the mutant lines displayed different responses in terms of plant growth and seed production. Our data confirm the importance of each isoforms of E1 subunit in the TCA cycle in photosyntheticaly active tissues and suggest that the isoforms of E1 subunit are not functionally redundant in plant growth of Arabidopsis thaliana. These results are discussed in the context of the importance of the two genes encoding 2-OGDH E1 subunit for both metabolic and developmental process.
Daphnia
 performance on diets containing different combinations of high‐quality algae, heterotrophic bacteria, and allochthonous particulate organic matter

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2020 The Authors. Freshwater Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd 1Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden 2GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany 3Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
Sex and oestrogen receptor β have modest effects on gene expression in the mouse brain posterior cortex

Sex differences in brain cortical function affect cognition, behaviour and susceptibility to neural diseases, but the molecular basis of sexual dimorphism in cortical function is still largely unknown. Oestrogen and oestrogen receptors (ERs), specifically ERβ, the most abundant ER in the cortex, may play a role in determining sex differences in gene expression, which could underlie functional sex differences. However, further investigation is needed to address brain region specificity of the effects of sex and ERβ on gene expression. The goal of this study was to investigate sex differences in gene expression in the mouse posterior cortex, where sex differences in transcription have never been examined, and to determine how genetic ablation of ERβ affects transcription.
Mapping Three Electromyography Signals Generated by Human Elbow and Shoulder Movements to Two Degree of Freedom Upper-Limb Robot Control

This article sought to address issues related to human-robot cooperation tasks focusing especially on robotic operation using bio-signals. In particular, we propose to develop a control scheme for a robot arm based on electromyography (EMG) signal that allows a cooperative task between humans and robots that would enable teleoperations. A basic framework for achieving the task and conducting EMG signals analysis of the motion of upper limb muscles for mapping the hand motion is presented. The objective of this work is to investigate the application of a wearable EMG device to control a robot arm in real-time. Three EMG sensors are attached to the brachioradialis, biceps brachii, and anterior deltoid muscles as targeted muscles. Three motions were conducted by moving the arm about the elbow joint, shoulder joint, and a combination of the two joints giving a two degree of freedom. Five subjects were used for the experiments. The results indicated that the performance of the system had an overall accuracy varying from 50% to 100% for the three motions for all subjects. This study has further shown that upper-limb motion discrimination can be used to control the robotic manipulator arm with its simplicity and low computational cost.
Machine learning in calculating speeds in a railway sorting yard

The main step in the process of disbanding railway rolling stock at the marshalling yard is the regulation of the speed of cars that slide freely from the hump, which in most cases is carried out thanks to the brake positions installed on the hump yard in several groups. The paper considers the solution of the problem of determining the optimal exit speed of a group of cars (trailers) target braking positions on the tracks of the sorting yard, since the efficiency of the sorting process in terms of optimal accumulation on the cars on the tracks of the sorting yard and its safety depends on the correctness of the calculation of this speed in terms of compliance with the permissible speed of collision with the cars on the tracks. In the proposed study, an analogy is drawn between the calculation of the optimal exit speed from the brake position and the compilation of nonlinear multiple regression. The classic and modern machine learning algorithms to build regression models were analyzed. The most suitable algorithm was identified within the study. In conclusion, the results of the introduction of machine learning tools at a real automation facility for sorting processes are presented.
New member state workers in Western European labour markets. Are they civically stratified?

ABSTRACT This study applies the theory of civic stratification to analyse how the integration of EU-10 and EU-3 immigrants into the labour markets of six European countries – France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom – has evolved between 2005 and 2016. Special attention is paid to the effect of the moratoria on the free movement of workers, which lasted between 0 and 7 years. Data from the EU-LFS is used in two mixed effects logistic regression models for each country, using the following dependent variables: having employment and if that employment matches the qualifications of the worker. The interaction between nationality (own-country, EU-10, EU-3 and EU-15) and whether or not a moratoria exists is used to compare the level of labour integration of the EU-10 and EU-3 groups with that of national populations and EU-15 immigrants. Our results show that during the moratoria EU-10 and EU-3 immigrants have had a much lower labour market performance than people with full European citizenship. This gap has decreased drastically, without disappearing in many cases, after the moratoria ended.
SLEEP ALTERATIONS IN MOUSE GENETIC MODELS OF HUMAN DISEASE

Sleep is a process essential for the well-being of an animal and in humans as much as one-third of our life is spent in sleep. Yet, the biological need for sleep still remains a conundrum. Our knowledge of the genes influencing sleep and the mechanisms regulating the process can be advanced with the utilization of genetic and genomic approaches which, in turn, may inform us about the functions of sleep as well. With this goal, I have investigated and examined sleep-wake phenotypes for a variety of transgenic and knock out animals. For the first part of my research (Chapter 3), I examined mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease, and a combined model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Diabetes. Sleep disturbances in case of AD are evident long before the onset of cognitive decline. I investigated sleep-wake alterations in 5XFAD, a double transgenic mouse model of AD which displays an early onset of AD pathology and cognitive impairments. We found that these mice have shorter bout lengths under baseline conditions. This was true for both sexes, however, the effect was more prominent in females. Additionally, females also had a shorter duration of sleep compared to control animals. These overall bout length reductions are indicative of increased sleep fragmentation similar to the ones seen in human AD patients. Inadequate sleep is associated with increased risk for metabolic disorders such as diabetes besides neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. There is also growing evidence that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) poses an increased risk of AD. To understand how the two conditions interact, we studied a combined mouse model of AD and diabetes (db/AD) which was generated by crossing of db/db (diabetic obese mice) and APP-PS1 (knock-in AD mouse model). The resulting mice showed profound cerebrovascular as well as AD pathology. Both females and males, diabetic AD animals had longer sleep duration compared to non-diabetic AD animals. They also exhibited attenuated sleep-wake rhythms. Females were found to have shorter sleep bouts than males. In addition, significant two way interactions were found for the age and db/AD genotype. Our findings suggest that db genotype and not cerebrovascular pathologies affect sleep in our mouse model. For the last part of my research, we analyzed over 300 single gene knock out mouse lines generated on a C57BL6/NJ background, monitored at The Jackson Laboratory. With this unbiased approach where the knockouts were chosen at random, we identified 55 novel genes affecting various sleep traits, utilizing a variety of statistical approaches. Sex differences were found for a number of knockouts as well as controls. Control females were found to have shorter bout lengths and less sleep duration compared to male littermates.
Relativistic structural characterization of molybdenum and tungsten disulfide materials

The advent of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides has triggered an interest in exploring a new class of high performance materials with intriguing physico-chemical attributes. Molybdenum and tungsten disulfides have attracted significant attention due to surface excitons and trions, and large spin-orbit effects in these compounds. Moreover, WS2 is especially intriguing due to large relativistic effects which result in bound excitons at the edge and biexciton formation in the bilayers. Hence we present a relativistic topological model for the characterization of these two types of metal disulfides. We have employed relativistically weighted graph-theoretical methods for obtaining structural descriptors of these compounds by inclusion of different shapes on the boundaries and employing the topological cut techniques.
Calix[4]arene α-hydroxymethylphosphonic acids as potential inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatases

Calix[4]arene are known to be a promising scaffold for designing inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatases. In this work calix[4]arene mono- and bis-α-hydroxymethylphosphonic acids have been tested in vitro for the inhibitory activity against some therapeutically important protein tyrosine phosphatases. The results obtained have shown that these macrocyclic compounds can inhibit CD45, PTP1B, and SHP2 with IC50 values in the micromolar range. At the same time the inhibitors have demonstrated lower activity toward other protein tyrosine phosphatases such as TC-PTP and PTPβ. It has been found that mono-substituted calix[4]arene is more potent inhibitor of CD45 than the bis-substituted one and shows about 2-15 fold selectivity over TC-PTP, PTPβ, SHP2 and PTP1B. Model 4-hydroxyphenyl-α-hydroxymethylphosphonate displays at least one order lower activity than the phosphonate derivatives of calix[4]arene. Thus, the combination of a macrocyclic platform and α-hydroxymethylphosphonate group is essential for the inhibition activities of these compounds. Computer-simulated docking studies have been performed using AutoDock 4.2 programme by the example of PTP1B. The data obtained indicate that the inhibitors can bind in the active site of the enzyme. To clarify the inhibition mechanism the possible enzyme-inhibitor complexes have been considered using several crystal structures of PTP1B and all stereoisomeric forms of the inhibitors.
Génotypage et détection des mutations de gyrA par PCR HRM de Campylobacter isolé chez l’Homme et l’animal à La Réunion

Introduction : Campylobacter est la premiere etiologie d’enterites aigues bacteriennes en France. Sa transmission a l’Homme repose principalement sur la consommation d’aliments contamines (viandes de poulet, de porc, …). Les voies de transmission de cette zoonose n’ont jamais ete etudiees a La Reunion et leurs connaissances passent par le genotypage de la bacterie. Deux techniques de typage ont ete adaptees et testees au laboratoire du CHU Sud Reunion. En complement, une technique de detection moleculaire de la resistance aux fluoroquinolones a ete developpee. Methodes : Une methode de typage uni-locus en PCR HRM du gene flaA ainsi qu’une methode multi-loci derivee de la MLST ont ete utilisees pour typer des souches de Campylobacter isolees a La Reunion chez l’Homme, le poulet et le porc. Les mutations de resistance de gyrA ont ete recherchees par PCR HRM. Resultats : 76 C. jejuni d’origine humaine ont ete types. Parmi les 73 isolats typables par MLST, 63 ST differents ont ete determines alors que seuls 6 clusters ont ete retrouves en PCR HRM flaA (avec respectivement pour les deux techniques une typabilite de 96,1 % et 97,3 % et un index de pouvoir discriminant de 0,99 et 0,80). 52 C. coli d’origine humaine et porcine ont ete types en PCR HRM flaA et 6 clusters ont ete retrouves (typabilite de 98,1 % et index de pouvoir discriminant de 0,77). La technique de recherche des mutations de gyrA a permis de determiner la sensibilite aux fluoroquinolones de 73 C. jejuni sur 76 (typabilite de 96 %, sensibilite et specificite de 100 %). Discussion : La technique de genotypage derivee de la MLST montre une diversite genetique importante de C. jejuni chez l’Homme a La Reunion. Elle s’est averee plus discriminante que la PCR HRM flaA pour typer cette espece et semble etre une technique de choix pour comparer les genotypes retrouves dans diverses niches ecologiques. D’autre part, la detection de la resistance aux fluoroquinolones par PCR HRM sur gyrA s’est averee sensible, specifique, rapide et peu couteuse.