Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Socio-Economic Sistemology: Multidimensional Science for a Comprehensive Study of the Socio-Economic and Legal System

The main feature of the development of science in the second half of the 20th century was the transition from a single-dimensional science of past centuries, based mainly on experimentation, to the science of two dimensional, which is based on a systems approach. However, the conditions and trends of development of the world economy and society, therefore, the humanities and social sciences, including economics, in the twenty-first century calls for transition to new more advanced phase of science to integrated presentation and study in the relationship between the various components of the socio-economic and legal systems (SELS) based on a systematic approach. The importance of this completely new paradigm of science-its transition from two dimension in the multi dimension in general socio-economic and legal space is already quite fully understood, because it is based a well elaborated the theoretical-methodological and practical implications for the future of the base, a it seems extremely profound and promising.
Influence of dietary sodium and potassium bicarbonate and total potassium on heat-stressed lactating dairy cows.

Objectives were to study effects of heat stress, 0 or . 85% sodium bicarbonate, 0 or 1.0% potassium bicarbonate, and 1.0 or 1.5% total dietary potassium on production and physiological responses of dairy cows. Eighteen lactating Holsteins were assigned to shade (control) or no shade (heat stress) lots continuously for three consecutive 35-day periods and to different dietary treatments each period. Basal diet was 25% cottonseed hulls and 75% concentrate. Daytime and nighttime feed intake and production were measured the last 2 wk of each period, and milk and blood were sampled the final day of each period. Black globe temperature, rectal temperature, respiration rate, and blood pH were higher in no shade. Daytime intake was 132% greater in shade, nighttime intake was not different between environments. Milk production was about 19% greater for evening and morning milkings in shade. Daytime intake, daytime and nighttime milk production were higher with sodium bicarbonate. Potassium bicarbonate reduced intake and production. Higher total dietary potassium increased total daily milk production. Lactating cows appear adept at withstanding environmental and dietary challenges to acid-base homeostasis. Supplementation of sodium bicarbonate and 1.5% dietary potassium, but not potassium bicarbonate, were beneficial to lactating dairy cows.
Hepatic but not intestinal CYP3A4 displays dose‐dependent induction by efavirenz in humans

The capacity of the non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor efavirenz to induce either liver CYP3A4 or intestinal CYP3A4, or both, as well as intestinal P‐glycoprotein, was evaluated in healthy volunteers during and after a 10‐day treatment course with two different daily doses.
Application of hybrid non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II and self-organizing map technique to interference management in homogenous frequency demand cellular network

The basic concept of frequency sharing in telecommunications is that different cells can use the same channel given that the cells are separated by a minimum reuse distance in accordance with the system propagation characteristics; otherwise, adjacent channel interference or co-channel interference occurs. In other words, quality of service, QoS, of a mobile communication system depends on effective frequency planning and allocation. Frequency allocation is characterized with some degrees of randomness; thus, the decision of optimal frequency allocation is most efficient with minimum cost criteria and often involves complex algorithms. Fundamentally, frequency allocation schemes fall within the general class of optimization problems because an efficient frequency allocation scheme should adapt to changing traffic conditions and must observe the minimum frequency reuse constraints. Thus, it is required of smart optimization mechanism for frequency assignment for interference management in cellular networks. This paper reports on the hybrid Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II and Self-Organising Map technique of interference management in homogeneous demand cellular network.
The effect of frontal eye field and superior colliculus lesions on saccadic latencies in the rhesus monkey.

Rhesus monkeys were trained to make saccadic eye movements to visual targets using detection and discrimination paradigms in which they were required to make a saccade either to a solitary stimulus (detection) or to that same stimulus when it appeared simultaneously with several other stimuli (discrimination). The detection paradigm yielded a bimodal distribution of saccadic latencies with the faster mode peaking around 100 ms (express saccades); the introduction of a pause between the termination of the fixation spot and the onset of the target (gap) increased the frequency of express saccades. The discrimination paradigm, on the other hand, yielded only a unimodal distribution of latencies even when a gap was introduced, and there was no evidence for short-latency "express" saccades. In three monkeys either the frontal eye field or the superior colliculus was ablated unilaterally. Frontal eye field ablation had no discernible long-term effects on the distribution of saccadic latencies in either the detection or discrimination tasks. After unilateral collicular ablation, on the other hand, express saccades obtained in the detection paradigm were eliminated for eye movements contralateral to the lesion, leaving only a unimodal distribution of latencies. This deficit persisted throughout testing, which in one monkey continued for 9 mo. Express saccades were not observed again for saccades contralateral to the lesion, and the mean latency of the contralateral saccades was longer than the mean latency of the second peak for the ipsiversive saccades. The latency distribution of saccades ipsiversive to the collicular lesion was unaffected except for a few days after surgery, during which time an increase in the proportion of express saccades was evident. Saccades obtained with the discrimination paradigm yielded a small but reliable increase in saccadic latencies following collicular lesions, without altering the shape of the distribution. Unilateral muscimol injections into the superior colliculus produced results similar to those obtained immediately after collicular lesions: saccades contralateral to the injection site were strongly inhibited and showed increased saccadic latencies. This was accompanied by a decrease of ipsilateral saccadic latencies and an increase in the number of saccades falling into the express range. The results suggest that the superior colliculus is essential for the generation of short-latency (express) saccades and that the frontal eye fields do not play a significant role in shaping the distribution of saccadic latencies in the paradigms used in this study. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Lead Neurotoxicity and Disorders of Learning

Preventable and treatable causes of disorders of learning caused by lead exposure can be recognized by heightened awareness of this potential hazard. The Centers for Disease Control using data from many studies of neurobehavioral effects of lead in children and animals, has redefined the lead exposure threshold for clinical and social intervention from 25 μg/dL to 10 μg/dL. This article reviews the pertinent studies that provide evidence of the effects of lead exposure on development of the nervous system, effects on neural structures involved in memory and learning, and the impact of early lead encephalopathy on adolescent and adult learning skills and cognitive performance. Physicians, teachers, and child care personnel are responsible for identifying children with behavioral signs of subclinical lead intoxication as early as possible. Screening programs and preventive strategies, such as the multitier Centers for Disease Control approach referred to in this article, are necessary. It is no longer reasonable to assume that lead-exposed children not demonstrating severe encephalopathy will recover completely, without residual brain damage after removal from exposure. Sufficient evidence now exists to clearly demonstrate measurable effects of low levels of lead body burden on behavioral and intellectual performance, resulting in learning disorders. (J Child Neurol 1992; 7:354-359).
Indoor exposure to environmental cigarette smoke, but not other inhaled particulates associates with respiratory symptoms and diminished lung function in adults

Background and objective: Exposure to particulate matter (PM) can induce airway inflammation and exacerbation of asthma. However, there is limited knowledge about the effects of exposure to indoor sources of PM. We investigated the associations between self‐reported exposure to indoor sources of PM and lower airway symptoms and lung function.
Piezoelectric coefficients of AlScN thin films in comparison

Since the discovery of a high piezoelectric response in AlScN by Akiyama and coworkers in 2009, a number of works of other groups confirmed the large increase of piezoelectricity when partially substituting Al cations by Sc cations, as long as the alloy grows in the wurtzite phase. This contribution will present an overview of current knowledge, and compare property data from different authors, including also properties obtained from first principles. It will comment on the values of the effective thin film piezoelectric coefficients e31, f and d31, f.
EDUCATION FOR ALL AND STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES IN TANZANIAN PRIMARY SCHOOLS: CHALLENGES AND SUCCESSES

The educational development of children continues to dominate the global agenda. To date, the emphasis has largely been on universal access to quality basic education for all children. This paper examines the advances made in addressing the needs of Tanzanian children with disabilities under the global movement on Education for All (EFA) led by UNESCO. The paper opens with a brief synopsis of the educational system in Tanzania and then discusses the relevant global resolutions on education and developments relating to EFA and children with disabilities. It will be argued that, in spite of Tanzania’s progress in the area of EFA, there remain significant barriers to providing quality basic education for children with disabilities. As Tanzania engages with post-2015 education plans and deliberations (now called UN Sustainable Development Goals, launched in Sept 2015), measures must be taken to address socio-cultural, economic, political, physical infrastructure, and other related obstacles to quality education for all, especially for children with disabilities.
Temporary inactivation of the perirhinal cortex by muscimol injections block acquisition and expression of fear‐potentiated startle

The present study examined the role of the perirhinal cortex (PRh) in aversive information processing and emotional learning. Specifically, we studied the effects of temporary inactivation of the PRh on acquisition and expression of conditioned fear as measured by fear‐potentiated startle in rats, as well as on shock sensitization of startle. Temporary inactivation of the PRh was induced by local injections of the GABAA agonist muscimol (0.0, 1.1, 2.2, 4.4 nmol/0.5 µL). Muscimol injections into the PRh blocked both the expression and acquisition of fear‐potentiated startle, as well as shock sensitization of startle. Shock sensitivity was not affected by muscimol injections, indicating that the observed blockade of acquisition and shock sensitization was not caused by a disruption in the perception of shock. Taken together, the present data show that the PRh is critical for the processing of aversive information and is necessary for the expression of emotional learning.
Forkhead Box M1B Transcriptional Activity Requires Binding of Cdk-Cyclin Complexes for Phosphorylation-Dependent Recruitment of p300/CBP Coactivators

ABSTRACT Previous liver regeneration studies demonstrated that the mouse forkhead box M1B (FoxM1B) transcription factor regulates hepatocyte proliferation through expression of cell cycle genes that stimulate cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2) and Cdk1 activity. In this study, we demonstrated that disruption of the FoxM1B Cdk1/2 phosphorylation site at Thr residue 596 significantly reduced both FoxM1B transcriptional activity and Cdk phosphorylation of the FoxM1B T596A mutant protein in vivo. Retention of this FoxM1B 596 Cdk phosphorylation site was found to be essential for recruiting the histone acetyltransferase CREB binding protein (CBP) to the FoxM1B transcriptional activation domain. Consistent with these findings, dominant negative Cdk1 protein significantly reduced FoxM1B transcriptional activity and inhibited FoxM1B recruitment of the CBP coactivator protein. Likewise, Cdc25B-mediated stimulation of Cdk activity together with elevated levels of the CBP coactivator protein provided a 6.2-fold synergistic increase in FoxM1B transcriptional activity. Furthermore, mutation of the FoxM1B Leu 641 residue within an LXL motif (residues 639 to 641) inhibited recruitment of Cdk-cyclin complexes and caused significant reduction in both FoxM1B transcriptional activity and in vivo Cdk phosphorylation of the FoxM1B Thr 596 residue. We demonstrated that FoxM1B transcriptional activity requires binding of either S-phase or M-phase Cdk-cyclin complexes to mediate efficient Cdk phosphorylation of the FoxM1B Thr 596 residue, which is essential for recruitment of p300/CBP coactivator proteins.
49,XXXXY: a distinct phenotype. Three new cases and review.

Over 100 cases of 49,XXXXY syndrome have been published to date. Classic findings include radioulnar synostosis, hypogonadism, and mental retardation. The majority of reported cases have not distinguished the 49,XXXXY syndrome from Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY), and these patients are frequently labelled as having Klinefelter syndrome or as being a "Klinefelter variant. " Because of distinct clinical features, we delineate the 49,XXXXY syndrome as separate from Klinefelter syndrome, and emphasise the prevalence of congenital heart defects. We also report three new cases of 49,XXXXY syndrome and briefly discuss patient management.
Waitlist Outcomes of Liver Transplant Candidates Who Were Reprioritized Under Share 35

Under Share 35, deceased donor (DD) livers are offered regionally to candidates with Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores ≥35 before being offered locally to candidates with MELD scores <35. Using Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data from June 2013 to June 2015, we identified 1768 DD livers exported to regional candidates with MELD scores ≥35 who were transplanted at a median MELD score of 39 (interquartile range [IQR] 37–40) with 30‐day posttransplant survival of 96%. In total, 1764 (99.8%) exports had an ABO‐compatible candidate in the recovering organ procurement organization (OPO), representing 1219 unique reprioritized candidates who would have had priority over the regional candidate under pre–Share 35 allocation. Reprioritized candidates had a median waitlist MELD score of 31 (IQR 27–34) when the liver was exported. Overall, 291 (24%) reprioritized candidates had a comparable MELD score (within 3 points of the regional recipient), and 209 (72%) were eventually transplanted in 11 days (IQR 3–38 days) using a local (50%), regional (50%) or national (<1%) liver; 60 (21%) died, 13 (4.5%) remained on the waitlist and nine (3.1%) were removed for other reasons. Of those eventually transplanted, MELD score did not increase in 57%; it increased by 1–3 points in 37% and by ≥4 points in 5.7% after the export. In three cases, OPOs exchanged regional exports within a 24‐h window. The majority of comparable reprioritized candidates were not disadvantaged; however, 21% died after an export.
RF Energy Harvesting With Cooperative Beam Selection for Wireless Sensors

RF energy harvesting is a promising potential solution for providing convenient and perpetual energy supplies to low-power wireless sensor networks. In this letter, we investigate the energy harvesting performance of a wireless sensor node powered by harvesting RF energy from an existing multiuser MIMO system. Specifically, we propose a random unitary beamforming-based cooperative beam selection scheme to enhance the energy harvesting performance at the sensor. Under a constant total transmission power constraint, the multiuser MIMO system tries to select a maximal number of active beams for data transmission while satisfying the energy harvesting requirement at the sensor. We derive the exact closed-form expression for the distribution function of harvested energy in a coherence time over Rayleigh fading channels. We further investigate the performance tradeoff of the average harvested energy at the sensor versus the sum-rate of the multiuser MIMO system.
[A proposal for Salmonella nomenclature].

A single species, composed of six subspecies, was found in the genus Salmonella following a numerical taxonomy and a study of the DNA relatedness (see p. 223, Le Minor et al.). The Salmonella nomenclature is herein updated to take into account modern taxonomic knowledge. The single Salmonella species is S. choleraesuis (type species). Six subspecies are proposed: (1) S. choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuis subsp. nov. is composed of all Salmonella strains formerly assigned to the subgenus I; (2) S. choleraesuis subsp. salamae subsp. nov. corresponds to the former subgenus II; (3) S. choleraesuis subsp. arizonae comb. nov. is composed of monophasic serovars of the former subgenus III ("Arizona"); (4) S. choleraesuis subsp. diarizonae subsp. nov. is composed of diphasic serovars of the former subgenus III ("Arizona"); (5) S. choleraesuis subsp. houtenae subsp. nov. corresponds to the former subgenus IV; and (6) S. choleraesuis subsp. bongori subsp. nov. is composed of strains positive for dulcitol fermentation, ONPG, and KCN tests. Type strains are proposed for each subspecies. The name of S. choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuis serotypes (e.g. typhimurium) should be used without italicization or underlining (e.g. S. choleraeusis subsp. choleraesuis ser. typhimurium). A practical and unofficial use of non-italicized serotype names is discussed.
Bacteriophage‐encoded cochaperonins can substitute for Escherichia coli's essential GroES protein

The Escherichia coli chaperonin machine is composed of two members, GroEL and GroES. The GroEL chaperonin can bind 10–15% of E. coli's unfolded proteins in one of its central cavities and help them fold in cooperation with the GroES cochaperonin. Both proteins are absolutely essential for bacterial growth. Several large, lytic bacteriophages, such as T4 and RB49, use the host‐encoded GroEL in conjunction with their own bacteriophage‐encoded cochaperonin for the correct assembly of their major capsid protein, suggesting a cochaperonin specificity for the in vivo folding of certain substrates. Here, we demonstrate that, when the cochaperonin of either bacteriophage T4 (Gp31) or RB49 (CocO) is expressed in E. coli, the otherwise essential groES gene can be deleted. Thus, it appears that, despite very little sequence identity with groES, the bacteriophage‐encoded Gp31 and CocO proteins are capable of replacing GroES in the folding of E. coli's essential, housekeeping proteins.
Iatrogenic femoral pseudoaneurysms that are unresponsive to percutaneous thrombin injection: potential causes.

OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether any quantitative selection criteria can be established to predict which pseudoaneurysms of the common femoral artery will fail to respond to thrombin. SUBJECTS AND METHODS. Under sonographic guidance, we injected thrombin into 54 consecutive iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms of the common femoral artery. We statistically compared the volume, maximum dimension, and neck diameter of the pseudoaneurysms and thrombin doses injected into the successfully treated (persistent thrombosis on a follow-up duplex sonogram obtained 7-10 days after thrombin injection) and unresponsive (sonographically documented recurrence within 24 hr) pseudoaneuryms to determine whether any of these factors could help to predict a failure to respond to thrombin. For all patients in whom treatment failed, findings at surgical repair were noted and sonograms were reviewed to confirm the dimensions and appearance of the pseudoaneurysm and the absence of an associated arteriovenous fistula. RESULTS Complete and persistent thrombosis was achieved in 49 (91%) of the 54 common femoral artery pseudoaneurysms. In comparing the 49 successfully treated patients and the five patients in whom treatment failed, we identified no significant differences in the volume, maximum dimension, or neck diameter of the pseudoaneurysm (two-sample t test) or in the thrombin dose (Wilcoxon's rank sum test). In all five patients with failed treatment, an arteriotomy site laceration measuring at least 8.0 mm (n = 4) or infection (n = 1) was identified at surgical repair, none of which were identifiable even in retrospect on duplex and color Doppler sonography. CONCLUSION Failure of an iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm of the common femoral artery to respond to thrombin may indicate an occult vascular injury. In these patients, surgical repair, rather than reinjection of thrombin, should be considered.
Is there a relationship between physical fitness and academic achievement? Positive results from public school children in the northeastern United States.

OBJECTIVES To determine relationships between physical fitness and academic achievement in diverse, urban public school children. METHODS This cross-sectional study used public school data from 2004 to 2005. Academic achievement was assessed as a passing score on Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System (MCAS) achievement tests in Mathematics (fourth, sixth, and eighth grade, n = 1103) and in English (fourth and seventh grade, n = 744). Fitness achievement was assessed as the number of physical fitness tests passed during physical education (PE). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the probability of passing the MCAS tests, controlling for students' weight status (BMI z score), ethnicity, gender, grade, and socioeconomic status (school lunch enrollment). RESULTS The odds of passing both the MCAS Mathematics test and the MCAS English test increased as the number of fitness tests passed increased (p < .0001 and p < .05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Results show statistically significant relationships between fitness and academic achievement, though the direction of causation is not known. While more research is required, promoting fitness by increasing opportunities for physical activity during PE, recess, and out of school time may support academic achievement.