Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Feeding behaviour in some teleosts is triggered by single amino acids primarily through olfaction

The present study investigated behavioural responses of naive rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, lake charr Salvelinus namaycush, lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis and goldfish Carassius auratus to food extracts as well as selected amino acids (at 10 -6 M) and related chemicals in a flow-through behaviour trough. Cysteine, the most potent olfactory stimulating amino acid determined electrophysiologically, enhanced locomotor activity, an initial arousal behaviour, in all species examined, in exactly the same fashion as did food extracts. The increased locomotor activity was followed by distinct species-specific search behavioural patterns: 1) bottom searching in rainbow trout; 2) surfacing and jumping in lake charr; 3) exploratory behaviour against the trough window in lake whitefish; 4) gravel pecking in goldfish. Olfactory-stimulating neutral amino acids alanine and serine and gustatory-stimulating imino acid proline were effective, to varying degrees, in eliciting feeding behaviour. Arginine and glutamate suppressed the locomotor activity in rainbow trout, but triggered feeding behaviour in the other species. Agmatine, a decarboxylated arginine, stimulated feeding behaviour in all species tested, except rainbow trout. The observed behavioural responses were in close accordance with the electrophysiological threshold and specificity. Together, the present data demonstrate that single amino acids and closely related chemicals initiate feeding behaviour primarily by olfaction, and interchangeably and complemented by gustation, in naive fishes.
Reviewing the Science and Implementation of Climate Change Adaptation Measures in European Forestry

Developing adaptation measures in forestry is an urgent task because the forests regenerated today will have to cope with climate conditions that may drastically change during the life of the trees in the stand. This paper presents a comprehensive review of potential adaptation options in forestry in Europe based on three pillars: a review of the scientific literature, an analysis of current national response strategies, and an expert
Fabrication of Bienzymatic Glucose Biosensor Based on Novel Gold Nanoparticles‐Bacteria Cellulose Nanofibers Nanocomposite

An exploration of gold nanoparticles–bacterial cellulose nanofibers (Au-BC) nanocomposite as a platform for amperometric determination of glucose is presented. Two enzymes, glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were immobilized in Au-BC nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode at the same time. A sensitive and fast amperometric response to glucose was observed in the presence of electron mediator (HQ). Both of GOx and HRP kept their biocatalytic activities very well in Au-BC nanocomposite. The detection limit for glucose in optimized conditions was as low as 2.3 µM with a linear range from 10 µM to 400 µM. The biosensor was successfully applied to the determination of glucose in human blood samples.
MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF PERIPHYTON ASSEMBLAGES IN RELATION TO ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENTS IN COLORADO ROCKY MOUNTAIN STREAMS 1

We assessed relationships between chemical and physical characteristics and periphyton assemblages in stream reaches of the mineral belt in the Southern Rockies ecoregion of Colorado, United States. Using canonical ordination analyses, we contrasted results wherein assemblage structure was assessed using community metrics or species abundances. Our objectives were to identify community metrics or individual species diagnostic of the primary environmental stressors in these streams, to compare the sensitivity of these two approaches to determining the primary stressors, and to determine how these approaches may be used to differentiate the effects of these environmental stressors from other gradients. For periphyton metrics, the first axis extracted by redundancy analysis correlated with total phosphorus, substrate coarseness and embeddedness, and riparian vegetation condition, whereas the second axis correlated with dissolved metals. For species abundances, the three axes extracted by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) were correlated with (1) stream size and types of in‐stream habitats; (2) total phosphorus, dissolved ions, and riparian disturbance by agriculture; and (3) sediment coarseness and embeddedness and riparian vegetation condition. Concentrations of dissolved metals were not correlated with the CCA axes. Analyses of species abundances were sensitive to effects associated with nutrients, substrates, and riparian vegetation, whereas analyses of periphyton metrics were sensitive not only to these nutrient and physical habitat effects but also to toxicological effects associated with metals. As a result, the analyses of periphyton metrics may be used to identify which metrics would be useful for a periphyton index of biotic integrity and would also be individually diagnostic of the larger scale stressors in these streams, nutrient, substrate, and riparian vegetation effects of livestock grazing and increased metal concentrations associated with metal mining.
How to Be a Good Host

IMMUNOLOGY In the middle of the past century, the Australian government took advantage of the species specificity of myxoma virus to control the spread of European wild rabbits, by then considered a pest. Although other poxviruses display specificity to varying degrees, it is not clear what influences host/virus compatibility. Wang et al . observed that myxoma virus infection of primary mouse embryo fibroblasts, which are nonpermissive for replication of this virus, activated the kinase Erk1/2. In the presence of an Erk1/2 inhibitor or in cells with impaired Erk1/2 expression, viral replication increased, suggesting that this kinase normally represses this virus. Erk1/2 is linked with interferon regulatory factor 3, which in turn induces expression of type I interferons (IFNs). The possibility that these cytokines maintain the nonpermissive state induced by Erk1/2 activation is supported by the fact that cells unable to produce IFNs or the IFN-dependent transcription factor STAT-1 became susceptible to myxoma infection. Furthermore, STAT-1-deficient mice succumbed to inocula of the virus that had no effect on wild-type animals, raising the possibility that similar cellular mechanisms may govern species specificity of other poxviruses. — SJS Nature Immunol . 5 , 1266 (2004).
Palm diversification in two geologically contrasting regions of western Amazonia

The subduction of the Nazca Plate and the eastward propagation of the Andean orogenic wedge in western Amazonia caused the formation of arches or ridges that have influenced the modern configuration of the upper Amazon drainage and the diversification of biota. We used a lineage of 15 palm species (Astrocaryum sect. Huicungo, Arecaceae) to test two biogeographical hypotheses for lowland plants: (1) that vicariance resulted from tectonically mediated geographical barriers (population contraction), and (2) that recurrent dispersal events (population expansion) produced geographical isolation and subsequent speciation.
Description of personal knowledge management as a base for knowledge management.

Personal knowledge management has been developed in various fields such as knowledge management, personal information management, communication psychology and philosophy of science, management, communications, and so a lot of research to a few experimental or approved about (PKM) is a research that the original data is just a few pages. So research in this area seems to be very focused. But what about (PKM) is focused on helping people understand it to be an effective organizational and personal social environment is a study that clearly points out that (PKM) individual what is on the up to increase the working as teams in organizations While the traditional view in (PKM) is related to knowledge management (including the knowledge that people have in their heads) through the participation of the core focus of technology and process management is the query of the question in this communication learning and experience.
Non‐destructive chlorophyll fluorescence and colour measurements of ‘Braeburn’ and ‘Royal Gala’ apple (Malus domestica) fruit development throughout the growing season

Abstract Fruit size, skin colour determinations, and chlorophyll fluorescence of two apple (Malus domestica) cultivars, ‘Braeburn’ and ‘Royal Gala’, were followed throughout the growing season to assess fruit development. Chlorophyll fluorescence was measured with a pulse‐amplitude modulated fluorometer on the blush and back sides of the fruit and skin colour with a tristimulus colorimeter giving colour coordinates as hue angle, chroma, and lightness coefficient. Fruit of both cultivars followed a single sigmoid growth pattern with ‘Royal Gala’ apples attaining full size at c. 140 days after full bloom (DAFB) and ‘Braeburn’ fruit at c. 168 DAFB. Fluorescence peaked at 80 DAFB then declined in all instances. Hue angle varied consistently throughout the growing season in both cultivars, indicative of shifts in colour from yellow‐green to red. Background and blush colours of ‘Braeburn’ remained distinct throughout the growing season whereas for ‘Royal Gala’ the two sides merged to the same colour. Skin colour intensity also differed between the two sides initially but merged to a uniform intensity at the end of the growing season. Hue angle was best able to discriminate between the two cultivars in ripening patterns and thus would be a useful technique to quantify fruit development in an objective manner.
Transforming growth factor‐β1 enhances the suppression of human hematopoiesis by tumor necrosis factor‐α or recombinant interferon‐α

The effects of transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) on human hematopoiesis were evaluated in combination with two other regulatory cytokines, namely, recombinant human tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and recombinant human interferon‐α (rIFN‐α). Combinations of TNF‐α and TGF‐β1 resulted in a synergistic suppression of colony formation by erythroid progenitor cells (BFU‐E) and an additive suppression of granulocyte‐macrophage (CFU‐GM) and multipotential (CFU‐GEMM) progenitor cells. In addition, TGF‐β1 synergized with rIFN‐α to suppress CFU‐GM formation, while the combined suppressive effects of both cytokines on CFU‐GEMM and BFU‐E were additive. When TGF‐β1 was tested with TNF‐α or IFN‐α on granulocyte/macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF)‐stimulated bone marrow cells in a 5‐day proliferation assay, the antiproliferative effects of TGF‐β1 and TNF‐α were additive, while those with TGF‐β1 and rIFN‐α were synergistic. A similar pattern was seen in the suppression of the myeloblastic cell line KG‐1 where TGF‐β1 in combination with TNF‐α resulted in an additive suppression while inhibition by TGF‐β1 and IFN‐α was synergistic.
Diseño de un modelo específico para la predicción de la quiebra de micro-entities

The importance of micro-entities due to their generation of employment and propelling economic activity, together with the fact of their particularities, implies the need to design appropriate methods that anticipate their bankruptcies. For that purpose, a hybrid model by combining parametric and nonparametric approaches is developed in this paper. First, the variables with the highest predictive power to detect bankruptcy are selected using logistic regression (LR). Subsequently, a non-parametric method, namely regression trees and classification (CART), is then applied to companies classified as "bankruptcy" or "non-bankruptcy". Our results show that this model provides a better result than when it is implemented in isolation, which joins its easier interpretation and faster convergence. Moreover, we demonstrate that the introduction of non-financial and macroeconomic variables complement the financial ratios for bankruptcy prediction. Findings are based on a data set of micro-entities (MEs), as recently defined by the European Union.
Cytokinins and fruit development in the kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa). I. Changes during fruit development

The cytokinin content in fruit tissue of the kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa [A. Chev.] C. E Liang et A. R. Ferguson var. deliciosa cv. Hayward) was monitored during fruit development to identify which cytokinins were present and if they were linked with specific stages of fruit growth. Cytokinins were isolated and purified by column chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography and quantified by radioimmunoassay. A novel HPLC step utilising an amine column was successfully introduced as a preparative step in the separation of the O- and 9-glucosides from the free bases and ribosides. The radioimmunoassay results were validated, and the different cytokinins identified, by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Cytokinins detected in fruit included the cytokinin free bases, zeatin and isopentenyladenine, their ribosides, nucleotides and both O- and 9-glucosides. Both qualitative and quantitative changes of the cytokinins occurred during fruit development. A decrease in cytokinin concentration occurred after anthesis (from 342 pmol g -1 fresh weight at anthesis to 41 pmol g -1 fresh weight 27 days after anthesis). A large increase in cytokinin concentration and content per fruit occurred as the fruit reached commercial maturity (to 1 900 pmol g -1 fresh weight). Individual cytokinins showed quite different patterns. Zeatin, in particular, showed a peak in concentration (13 pmol g -1 fresh weight) 11 days after anthesis that correlated with the beginning of the cell division phase of fruit growth. The accumulation of cytokinin (mostly zeatin riboside or zeatin nucleotide) in mature fruit may be of significance for the postharvest storage of kiwifruit fruit.
Biological properties of an influenza A virus-specific killer T cell clone. Inhibition of virus replication in vivo and induction of delayed- type hypersensitivity reactions

We tested two biological properties of a continuously growing mouse cytotoxic T cell line, L4, which is specific for influenza A virus and has been cloned and recloned many times. We previously reported that L4 cells are H-2 restricted and cross-reactive for all type A influenza viruses, whereas they do not recognize type B influenza viruses. They bear Thy-1 and Lyt-2 markers. In the present study, we show that L4 cytotoxic T cells protect mice against a lethal influenza infection on transfer to syngeneic recipients, and reduce virus titers in the lungs of mice challenged with a heterologous type A influenza virus. This provides further support for the active role of cytotoxic T cells in limiting virus replication in influenza infection. We could also demonstrate that the cloned cytotoxic T cells induce a delayed-type hypersensitivity skin reaction in the footpads of mice challenged with live or inactivated influenza virus. This reaction can be observed at 24 h, but has declined by 48 h. A clone of cells derived from L4 that has lost its cytotoxic potential and its ability to recognize infected cells did not induce a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction in the presence of virus. Thus, cytotoxic T cells actively killing influenza virus-infected cells are able to induce a delayed-type hypersensitivity skin reaction to homologous and heterologous type A influenza viruses.
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Controls of Fine Root Life Span

Although fine roots play an integral role in biogeochemical cycling and supporting plant function, fundamental understanding of the mechanisms that control fine root life span is limited. Based on literature, we examined how intrinsic plant characteristics including root diameter, root branching order, rooting depth, and mycorrhizal symbiosis affect fine root life span, and how fine root life span differs with plant life form and foliar habit and between early versus late seral species. We also examined how soil nitrogen and water availability, temperature, and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration influence fine root life span. We focused on evidence from rhizotron and minirhizotron observations which allow for individual roots to be directly monitored in situ. Fine root life span increased with increasing root diameter, was shorter for more distal than proximal roots, and increased with increasing rooting depth, but was not influenced by mycorrhizal symbiosis. Trees had the longest fine root life spans of all the plant life forms, followed by grasses, lianas, shrubs, and forbs. Among trees, deciduous species had shorter fine root life spans than evergreen species. Fine root life span appears to decrease with increasing temperature and increase with soil water availability, whereas the effects of soil nitrogen availability and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration on fine root life span were highly inconsistent among studies. Our findings indicate that root morphological characteristics and plant traits are useful predictors of fine root life span. However, environmental influences on fine root life span remain poorly understood due to the limited number of respective studies. Future studies of root demographic processes are needed to better understand environmental controls of fine root life span. It is also critical that research continues into developing more direct and less invasive techniques for studying root demographics.
Manipulation of larval diapause of the European corn borer (Lepidoptera : pyralidae) as a potential mechanism of integrated pest management

Survival of reciprocal populations of European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), equaled or was intermediate to natural populations and an introduced low-diapause population (exotic), which survived less well. When peak natural second-generation hatch (31 July–3 August) north of 39°00′ N lat. was approximated, most of seven natural populations approached 100% diapause. However, only 0.25–22.95% of the exotic population diapaused. Diapause by progenies of reciprocal crosses was greatly influenced by this exotic parent. At the most northern locations, Ankeny, Iowa, and St. Paul, Minn. , influence of the parental male was particularly evident. When peak natural third-generation hatch (13–16 August) south of 39°00′ N lat. was approximated, five reciprocal populations diapaused similarly to their corresponding natural populations (≈85%). Late-season hatch allowed larval diapause of the exotic population to increase to 46%. Under these late-season conditions, influence of the parental male was evident only at the most southern locations, Portageville, Mo. , and Tifton, Ga. This apparent contradition of parental male influence between midsummer and late-summer hatch is because heterogeneity for diapause remains in a low-diapause population. Introductions of a low-diapausing population north of 39°00′ N lat. during late July apparently encourage resultant progeny from reciprocal crosses to avoid larval diapause and to perish in late autumn.
Clioquinol, a lipophilic Zn2+ chelator, augments and attenuates the cytotoxicity of H2O2: a bell-shaped response curve of the effects of the drug

Clioquinol, a lipophilic Zn2+ chelator, has emerged as a potential novel therapeutic agent for several diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Clioquinol has different effects on the intracellular Zn2+ concentrations in rat thymocytes, depending on its concentration and extracellular Zn2+ levels. In this study, we examined the effect of clioquinol on cells under oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using a conventional flow cytometric technique with appropriate fluorescent probes. We observed a bell-shaped relationship between the clioquinol concentration and changes in H2O2 cytotoxicity; H2O2-induced cytotoxicity was the highest at a clioquinol concentration of 100 nM. Zn2+ chelators significantly decreased the clioquinol-induced increase in H2O2 cytotoxicity. A bell-shaped curve was observed between the increase in H2O2-induced cytotoxicity by clioquinol and the intracellular Zn2+ concentrations, although the maximal increases in Zn2+ levels were induced by 300 nM clioquinol. In addition, clioquinol at concentrations ≥100 nM exerted antioxidant activity by decreasing the cellular oxidant levels. Thus, clioquinol can exert pro-oxidant or antioxidant effects, depending on its concentration and the extracellular concentration of Zn2+. Because of the unique Zn2+-dependent effects and toxicological profile of clioquinol, clioquinol should be considered for clinical use.
Design And Performance Analysis Of Wind-Pv- Diesel Generator Hybrid Power System For A Hilly Area Rangamati Of Bangladesh

This research proposed a hybrid power generation system suitable for a hilly area application. The methododology of this research was the collection of the basic data of solar radiation, wind speed and other required input data. Optimization simulation model was developed using the electric renewable energy software hybrid optimization model of renewable energy (HOMER). The model has designed to provide an optimal system configuration based on hour-by-hour data for energy availability and demands. Various renewable/alternative energy sources, energy storage and their applicability in terms of cost and performance are discussed. The Sensitivity analysis was carried out using Homer software. According to simulation results, it has been found that renewable energy sources will replace the conventional energy sources and would be a feasible solution for distribution of electric power for standalone applications at remote and distant hilly locations.
Callus formation and shoot bud differentiation in anther culture of Solanum surattense

In anther culture of Solatium surattense, the Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2.2 mg/L), indoleacetic acid or naphthaleneacetic acid (1.9 mg/L), and kinetin (2.2 mg/L) served as “callus-producing medium. ” Histological and cytological observations indicated that the callus originated from the pollen grains. Synergistic action of kinetin (5.0 mg/L) and coconut milk (15%) in basal medium was able to induce differentiation of shoot buds either from the anthers directly or from the callus. Directly differentiating buds were formed by whole shoot bud morphogenesis of pollen. They were produced at a low frequency and showed presence of well-developed radicular and plumular regions. But the buds originating from callus lacked radicular ends. Root initiation in such buds was achieved by transferring them to basal medium. Cytological examination of the androgenic plantlets revealed a chromosomal series ranging from the haploid to the hexaploid with a few aneuploids.
Protein and lysine content in high‐lysine double‐recessives of barley II. Combinations between mutant 7 and a Hiproly back‐cross

The combination of mutant 1508 and a Hiproly back-cross resulted in a substantial rise of the endosperm lysine content. This lysine enhancement of the double-recessives was due to increased contents of the water-soluble and glutelin proteins in addition to an increased amount of free lysine. The double-recessives are also characterized by an accumulation of free arginine, especially in the embryo. The grain weight of the double-recessives was reduced with 30%, indicating that the possibilities for utilising them in practical breeding may be limited.
No association between the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) and black belly stripe size variation in the Great Tit Parus major

Capsule The Great Tit Parus major displays a black melanin breast patch stripe (black tie or black belly stripe) which shows great variation and its size correlates with male breeding success, survival and dominance. We investigated for associations between the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) polymorphism, which has an important function in melanin colouration, and the size of the black belly stripe but were unable to detect any polymorphism in this gene. Variation in the size of the melanin-based black belly stripe may therefore be regulated through genetic variation at other genes or via modification of the gene expression inside the melanocortin system and melanogenesis.