Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Correction of Sagittal Synostosis Using Foreshortening and Lateral Expansion of the Cranium Activated by Gravity: Surgical Technique and Postoperative Evolution

Background: The authors present a technique for correction of sagittal synostosis addressing the transverse constriction and providing foreshortening of the skull without the use of hardware. The design of the osteotomies combined with strict postoperative supine positioning allows foreshortening of the skull, with concomitant expansion. Methods: Twenty-two patients were operated on using the foreshortening and lateral expansion activated by gravity technique. Postoperative follow-up included clinical evaluation and three-dimensional computed tomographic scanning at 4 to 6 weeks, 1 year, and yearly afterward. These scans were analyzed using three-dimensional surface analysis software, according to a protocol the authors describe in this article. Results: The cephalic index improved from 66.4 preoperatively to 74.5 at 1 year postoperatively (normal, 72 to 87). Transverse growth continued to be the dominant vector of growth up to 1 year (until ossification-bridging of the vertex craniectomy). Beyond 1 year, the main area of transverse growth was overlying the temporal suture, producing a distinctive temporal bossing in patients. The parietal areas showed mini-mal growth afterward. Growth was mainly occipital between 1 and 3 years of age, and frontal afterward, up to 5 years of age. A low frontal bossing also occurred in some of our patients and resolved spontaneously. Conclusions: The authors have described a technique for correction of scaphocephaly that avoids the use of hardware, with acceptable operative times and transfusion needs. Postoperative improvement in shape is satisfactory. Analysis of the three-dimensional scans of these patients shows abnormal skull growth patterns up to 5 years of age.
Performance evaluation of hierarchical cellular CDMA networks with soft handoff queueing

We consider hierarchical cellular code-division multiple-access networks supporting soft handoff, where users with different mobility are assigned to different layers, i.e., microcells in the lower layer are used to carry slow users, whereas macrocells in the upper layer are for fast users, and handoff queues are provided for handoff calls that cannot obtain the required channel immediately, so that forced termination probability can be reduced. According to whether handoff queues are provided in microcells and/or macrocells, four different call admission control schemes are proposed and studied. We derive the mathematical model of the considered system with multidimensional birth-death process and utilize Gauss-Seidel iterative method to find the steady-state probability distribution and thus the performance measures of interest: new call blocking probability, handoff failure probability, and forced termination probability. Analytical results show that providing handoff queues in both microcells and macrocells can achieve largest performance improvement. Furthermore, handoff queue size greater than a threshold is shown to have little effect on performance measures of interest. Last but not least, the studied two-tier system is compared with a one-tier counterpart. It is shown that the two-tier system performs better in terms of average number of handoffs per fast call.
H-plane SIW horn antenna made of textile for millimeter-wave WBAN application

H-Plane substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) antenna made of textile for millimeter wireless body area network (WBAN) application is proposed. Three-stepped tapered matching structure was added to a coaxial feed for improving the impedance matching. The ground was extended to the antenna aperture to prevent the degeneration of radiation pattern by phantom. The extended arc shaped substrate improves the front-to-back ratio. In order to integrate with a wearable device, textile materials are used for making the antenna. The simulated 10-dB reflection coefficients bandwidth is 7380 MHz (26.03 GHz–33.41 GHz) which covers potential candidate frequency bands (28 GHz, 32 GHz) of 5G communication. The peak gains are 11.25 dBi at 28 GHz and 12.39 dBi at 32 GHz on the skin equivalent phantom.
Visual deprivation and intertectal neuronal connexions in Xenopus laevis

The role of visual function in (a) the normal development of intertectal neuronal connexions, and in (b) the production of the modified patterns of intertectal connexions that may develop in animals with an eye rotation, was examined. Normal animals were dark-reared from stage 58, before the first appearance of intertectal responses, until the terminal recording experiment in adult life. The general pattern of intertectal connexions was normal in these animals, but the organization was less precise than normal. It was concluded that visual function was required for the development or maintenance of the normal spatial precision of functional intertectal connexions. Animals with one eye rotated at stage 54 or stage 58 were reared subsequently in darkness until the terminal recording experiment. Such animals reared in a normal laboratory environment would have shown a modified pattern of intertectal connexions. The dark-reared animals did not. It was concluded that visual function was necessary for the reorganization of intertectal connexions that follows larval eye rotation.
Mentoring Programs for Physicians in Academic Medicine: A Systematic Review

Purpose Mentoring is vital to professional development in the field of medicine, influencing career choice and faculty retention; thus, the authors reviewed mentoring programs for physicians and aimed to identify key components that contribute to these programs’ success. Method The authors searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus databases for articles from January 2000 through May 2011 that described mentoring programs for practicing physicians. The authors reviewed 16 articles, describing 18 programs, extracting program objectives, components, and outcomes. They synthesized findings to determine key elements of successful programs. Results All of the programs described in the articles focused on academic physicians. The authors identified seven mentoring models: dyad, peer, facilitated peer, speed, functional, group, and distance. The dyad model was most common. The authors identified seven potential components of a formal mentoring program: mentor preparation, planning committees, mentor–mentee contracts, mentor–mentee pairing, mentoring activities, formal curricula, and program funding. Of these, the formation of mentor–mentee pairs received the most attention in published reports. Mentees favored choosing their own mentors; mentors and mentees alike valued protected time. One barrier to program development was limited resources. Written agreements were important to set limits and encourage accountability to the mentoring relationship. Program evaluation was primarily subjective, using locally developed surveys. No programs reported long-term results. Conclusions The authors identified key program elements that could contribute to successful physician mentoring. Future research might further clarify the use of these elements and employ standardized evaluation methods to determine the long-term effects of mentoring.
Effects of Different Brazing and Welding Methods on the Fracture Load of Various Orthodontic Joining Configurations

Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the fracture load of different joints made by conventional brazing, tungston inert gas (TIG) and laser welding. Materials and methods Six standardized joining configurations of spring hard quality orthodontic wire were investigated: end-to-end, round, cross, 3 mm length, 9 mm length and 6.5 mm to orthodontic band. The joints were made by five different methods: brazing with universal silver solder, two TIG and two laser welding devices. The fracture loads were measured with a universal testing machine (Zwick 005). Data were analysed with the Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon and Kruskal–Wallis tests. The significance level was set at P<0.05). Results In all cases brazed joints were ruptured at a low level of fracture load (186–407 N). Significant differences between brazing and TIG or laser welding (P<0.05) were found. The highest mean fracture loads were observed for laser welding (826 N). No differences between the various TIG or laser welding devices were demonstrated, although it was not possible to join an orthodontic wire to an orthodontic band using TIG welding. Conclusion For orthodontic purposes laser and TIG welding are solder free alternatives. TIG welding and laser welding showed similar results. The laser technique is an expensive, but sophisticated and simple method.
Detection of Natural White Spot Caries Lesions by an Ultrasonic System

Ultrasound has been used in industrial business as one of the nondestructive measurement methods. It was hypothesized that nondestructiveness of the ultrasonics could be useful in determination of demineralization of noncavitated carious lesions on human enamel. This investigation was designed to determine the presence of natural carious lesions on proximal surfaces of human molar teeth using an ultrasonic system compared to radiography and histology as the gold standards. Measurements were made directly from proximal surfaces of 20 mandible molar teeth with white spot carious lesion by 2 examiners independently with the ultrasonic system. Ultrasonic evaluation of each natural white spot lesion had a sensitivity of 88%, specificity of 86%, positive predictive value of 88% and a negative predictive value of 86%, and the chance–corrected agreement was also satisfactory (κ=0.74) compared to histology. The radiograph demonstrated chance–corrected agreement of 0.41:0.38 for the first and second examiners, respectively. Duncan test analysis of the numerical values was significantly different for the intact and the noncavitated carious surfaces (p<0.05). The results indicated that the ultrasonic evaluation is a sensitive method for the detection of the natural white spot carious lesions and can differentiate the changes in elastic properties of enamel numerically.
Identification of differentially expressed genes of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri by representational difference analysis of cDNA

Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri is a phytopathogenic bacterium responsible for citrus canker, a serious disease which causes severe losses in citriculture around the world. In this study we report the differential expression of X. axonopodis pv. citri in response to specific treatments by using Representational Difference Analysis of cDNA (cDNA RDA). cDNAs from X. axonopodis pv. citri cultured in the presence of leaf extract of the host plant (Citrus sinensis), in vivo, as well as in the complex medium were hybridized against cDNA of the bacterium grown in the minimal medium. Sequencing of the difference products obtained after the second and third hybridizations revealed a total of 37 distinct genes identified by homology searches in the genome of X. axonopodis pv. citri. These genes were distributed in different functional categories, including genes that encode hypothetical proteins, genes involved in metabolism, cellular processes and pathogenicity, and mobile genetic elements. Most of these genes are likely related to growth and/or acquisition of nutrients in specific treatments whereas others might be important for the bacterium pathogenicity.
Molecular mechanisms of developmentally programmed crinophagy in Drosophila

At the onset of metamorphosis, Drosophila salivary gland cells undergo a burst of glue granule secretion to attach the forming pupa to a solid surface. Here, we show that excess granules evading exocytosis are degraded via direct fusion with lysosomes, a secretory granule-specific autophagic process known as crinophagy. We find that the tethering complex HOPS (homotypic fusion and protein sorting); the small GTPases Rab2, Rab7, and its effector, PLEKHM1; and a SNAP receptor complex consisting of Syntaxin 13, Snap29, and Vamp7 are all required for the fusion of secretory granules with lysosomes. Proper glue degradation within lysosomes also requires the Uvrag-containing Vps34 lipid kinase complex and the v-ATPase proton pump, whereas Atg genes involved in macroautophagy are dispensable for crinophagy. Our work establishes the molecular mechanism of developmentally programmed crinophagy in Drosophila and paves the way for analyzing this process in metazoans.
Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: treatment update and review

Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO) is a serious consequence of glucocorticoid therapy leading to fractures in 30—50% of patients. A wide range of protective medications have been studied in this condition including calcium, vitamin D, vitamin D analogs, oral and intravenous bisphosphonates, sex hormones, anabolic agents and calcitonin. The mechanism of action, and evidence for these therapies, are reviewed — focusing on important trials and new evidence. Recently published guidelines are also reviewed and compared. Bisphosphonates are currently the recommended first-line therapy for the prevention and treatment of GIO. They have been shown to increase bone mineral density (BMD) at the spine and hip and to decrease the incidence of vertebral fractures (especially in postmenopausal women). Testosterone therapy and female hormone replacement therapy (HRT) have been found to increase lumbar spine BMD in hypogonadal patients on glucocorticoid therapy, but effects on hip BMD have not been consistent and there is no fracture data in the GIO population. Similarly, calcitonin increases lumbar spine BMD but has no proven fracture efficacy. The effect of selective estrogen receptor modulators, the oral contraceptive pill and strontium on GIO is relatively unknown. Parathyroid hormone (PTH 1-34) and zoledronic acid have emerged as exciting new options for the treatment of GIO. Both therapies have been found to result in gains in BMD at the spine and hip that are either noninferior or superior to those seen with oral bisphosphonate therapy. PTH 1-34 has also been found to decrease the incidence of new vertebral fractures and may be an option in high-risk patients established on long-term glucocorticoid therapy.
Light-dependent regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in plants

L. Pizarro, and C. Stange. 2009. Light-dependent regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis in plants. Cien. Inv. Agr. 36(2):143-162. Carotenoids are colored terpenes synthesized in plants, algae and some yeasts and bacteria. In plants and algae, these lipophilic molecules exert functional roles in hormone synthesis, photosynthesis, photomorphogenesis and photoprotection. Additionally, they possess antioxidant properties and act as scavengers of reactive oxygen species. During the past decade almost all of the carotenogenic genes have been identifi ed by molecular, genetic and biochemical approaches in the Arabidopsis thaliana model system. Carotenoid biosynthesis in plants is highly regulated, although all of the processes involved have not yet been identifi ed. In this work, we review the mechanisms involved in the lightmediated regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis and the effect of light on the levels of expression of carotenogenic genes in higher plants. It has been shown that light induces the expression of carotenogenic genes during leaf and fl ower development and during fruit ripening. During these processes, photoreceptors are activated by light and translocated to the nucleus, leading to the induction of carotenogenic gene transcription. The molecular insight gained into the lightregulated expression of carotenoid genes will facilitate our understanding of the regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis. Manipulation of light signaling is also a genetic tool for altering color and nutritional value in plants, leading to the production of novel functional foods.
A high isolation dual strip monopole antenna

A dual strip monopole antenna for 2×2 MIMO application is designed using an open strip stub and a parasitic strip, which are respectively employed for band stop filter and pattern diversity. The antenna satisfies the bandwidth requirement of 200 MHz (2.5 to 2.7 GHz) in IEEE 802.16 WiMAX standards, and the in-band isolation between the two monopoles is higher than 20 dB. The proposed design is successfully integrated with SiP (System in Package) and embedded passive components. After system verification, the measured EVM of the WiMAX system is below -30 dB at a 3m distance.
An exceptionally fast actomyosin reaction powers insect flight muscle

Insects, as a group, have been remarkably successful in adapting to a great range of physical and biological environments, in large part because of their ability to fly. The evolution of flight in small insects was accompanied by striking adaptations of the thoracic musculature that enabled very high wing beat frequencies. At the cellular and protein filament level, a stretch activation mechanism evolved that allowed high-oscillatory work to be achieved at very high frequencies as contraction and nerve stimulus became asynchronous. At the molecular level, critical adaptations occurred within the motor protein myosin II, because its elementary interactions with actin set the speed of sarcomere contraction. Here, we show that the key myosin enzymatic adaptations required for powering the very fast flight muscles in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster include the highest measured detachment rate of myosin from actin (forward rate constant, 3,698 s−1), an exceptionally weak affinity of MgATP for myosin (association constant, 0.2 mM−1), and a unique rate-limiting step in the cross-bridge cycle at the point of inorganic phosphate release. The latter adaptations are constraints imposed by the overriding requirement for exceptionally fast release of the hydrolytic product MgADP. Otherwise, as in Drosophila embryonic muscle and other slow muscle types, a step associated with MgADP release limits muscle contraction speed by delaying the detachment of myosin from actin.
A Finite-State Morphological Analyser for Sindhi

Morphological analysis is a fundamental task in natural-language processing, which is used in other NLP applications such as part-of-speech tagging, syntactic parsing, information retrieval, machine translation, etc. In this paper, we present our work on the development of free/open-source finite-state morphological analyser for Sindhi. We have used Apertium’s lttoolbox as our finite-state toolkit to implement the transducer. The system is developed using a paradigm-based approach, wherein a paradigm defines all the word forms and their morphological features for a given stem (lemma). We have evaluated our system on the Sindhi Wikipedia corpus and achieved a reasonable coverage of 81% and a precision of over 97%.
ALGUNAS PAUTAS PARA LA ESCRITURA DE ARTÍCULOS CIENTÍFICOS SOME HINTS FOR WRITING SCIENTIFIC PAPERS

RESUMEN El objetivo de este articulo es presentar, a aquellos investigadores neo˜tos, una serie de pautas que faciliten los procesos de escritura y publicacion de manuscritos en revistas cienti˜cas de corriente principal. En la comunidad cienti˜ca, una investigacion solo se completa cuando los resultados se socializan a traves de articulos en revistas arbitradas que garanticen la originalidad, importancia y validez cienti˜ca de los hallazgos reportados. Consecuentemente, es necesario que los investigadores desarrollen destrezas y habilidades en la escritura cienti˜ca. Sin embargo, el proceso de preparacion de un manuscrito, desde su fase inicial hasta su publicacion ˜nal, suele ser largo y dificil, debido a algunos factores clave que tienen in˚uencia sobre su calidad. Este articulo suministra lineamientos generales sobre la preparacion de manuscritos y entrega, tambien, pautas alrededor de las buenas practicas de escritura de articulos con miras a facilitar la revision por parte de los arbitros. En este sentido, este trabajo constituye aporte para quienes se inician en la difusion de la investigacion cienti˜ca.Palabras clave: Escritura cienti˜ca, revision especializada, metodos de escritura.
Induced hesitant interval-valued fuzzy Einstein aggregation operators and their application to multiple attribute decision making

In this paper, we investigate the multiple attribute decision making MADM problems with hesitant interval-valued fuzzy information. We first introduce some operations on hesitant fuzzy sets, such as Einstein sum, Einstein product, Einstein exponentiation, etc., and propose the hesitant interval-valued fuzzy sets. Then, we further develop some new Einstein aggregation operators with hesitant interval-valued fuzzy information, such as the hesitant interval-valued fuzzy Einstein weighted average HIVFEWA operator, hesitant interval-valued fuzzy Einstein weighted geometric HIVFEWG operator, hesitant interval-valued fuzzy Einstein ordered weighted average HIVFEOWA operator, hesitant interval-valued fuzzy Einstein ordered weighted geometric HIVFEOWG operator, induced hesitant interval-valued fuzzy Einstein ordered weighted averaging I-HIVFEOWA operator and induced hesitant interval-valued fuzzy Einstein ordered weighted geometric I-HIVFEOWG operator. Then, we apply the induced hesitant interval-valued fuzzy Einstein ordered weighted averaging I-HIVFEOWA operator and induced hesitant interval-valued fuzzy Einstein ordered weighted geometric I-HIVFEOWG operator to deal with multiple attribute decision making under the hesitant interval-valued fuzzy environments. Finally, an illustrative example is given to verify the developed approach and to demonstrate its practicality and effectiveness.
A Novel Membrane Estrogen Receptor Activated by STX Induces Female Sexual Receptivity through an Interaction with mGluR1a

Membrane initiated estradiol signaling has been shown to be vital for multiple physiological processes. Several receptors have been proposed to mediate the actions of estradiol at the membrane. Here, we examined the ability of STX, an agonist of a novel putative membrane estrogen receptor, to activate sexually receptive behavior in the female rat. Infusions of STX into the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus resulted in the activation and internalization of μ-opioid receptors in the medial preoptic nucleus, an action that is required for lordosis behavior. Indeed, STX was able to augment sexual receptivity in female rats given a sub-behavioral dose of estradiol. However, if the mGluR1a antagonist, LY367,385, was administered prior to STX, its circuit-activating effects, the internalization of μ-opioid receptors, were lost. This suggests that the receptor stimulated by STX activates rapid membrane-initiated signaling through an interaction with mGluR1a - an effect previously described for estrogen receptor-α at the membrane.
Development of power line communication circuit for solar farm monitoring

This paper describes the development of a monitoring module which communicates through DC power line in order to monitor solar farm. It consists of 2 separate parts which are Monitoring Unit (MU) to measure voltage of each solar panel, and Data Concentrator Unit (DCU) to gather information from all MUs on string and measure total voltage at the end of each string. The article explains the concept of solar farm monitoring and pulse transmission through DC power line. The design of the proposed MU, both hardware and software, is described and experimental results of transmission between DCU and MU are given.