Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Mini Review of Biochar Synthesis, Characterization, and Related Standardization and Legislation

The abundance of biomass in Malaysia creates an avenue for growth of bio-economic sector through the research and development (R&D) activities on the biochar production. Biochar that is described as a carbonaceous material derived from the thermochemical process at temperature of usually lower than 700°C is promising due to its applicability in wider range of applications, such as in soil amendment (fertilizer) and as a low-cost adsorbent for the pollution remediation, apart from minimizing the solid waste disposal problems. Therefore, this chapter discusses the current trends on various production techniques of biochar from both the lignocellulosic (plantation based waste materials) and non-lignocellulosic sources, as well as the physiochemical characteristics of the resulting biochar. In addition, overview of the biochar industry in Malaysia is presented in this chapter. Lastly, recap of standardization and legislation particularly related to the biochar utilization as a soil amendment agent is included to grasp readers ’ attention prior to the large scale applications.
Research, analysis, and evaluation of web accessibility for a selected group of public websites in Bulgaria

This article discusses the accessibility of public information on the Internet by people with disabilities, and in particular people with visual deficits. Web accessibility standards, content and basic principles have been considered. A survey on the accessibility of public websites in the Republic of Bulgaria was conducted. Information on the group that conducted the study is given, the purpose of the study, the methodology of the study is described. The surveys were conducted on 100 public administration sites, which are divided into 5 groups. The results of the study are presented. Conclusions were made for the accessibility of information in the public sphere of the Republic of Bulgaria. In recent months accessibility of these sites has been re-evaluated. The results show that not enough is being done to achieve accessibility while maintaining public administration websites in Bulgaria. Despite the overall increase in web accessibility of the sites being tested, there is still much work to be done on this.A statistical analysis of the different groups of public sites was conducted, and the group in which the accessibility was the best was examined. Тhe conclusion is that the accessibility of the websites of the public administration in the Republic of Bulgaria is not at the necessary level of accessibility, which does not allow the users with visual disability to access these sites easily. It is, therefore, necessary for the public administration and web application developers to implement the accessibility guidelines proposed in the standards and improve the accessibility of these websites. This will be a step forward in ensuring the rights of people with disabilities. Тhe paper of this survey is original and not previously published.
Pain in cancer and psychological methods of its personalized correction

Physical pain can be a major component of cancer patient’s suffering but suffering itself covers much more different sides of a human being than physical manifestations and often happens in the absence of physical pain. Suffering or total pain include physical pain, social pain, psychological pain and spiritual pain, which have a mutual influence on each other. The efficacy of treatment of total pain in cancer patients may be increased by additional use of psychological methods of its correction.
The effect of combined therapy with resveratrol, and continuous and interval exercises on levels of apoptotic biomarkers in heart tissue of male rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver

: Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases. This study aimed at evaluating the effects of therapy with resveratrol supplementation alone or in combination with exercise trainings on cardiomyocytes apoptosis in a heart tissue of rats with NAFLD. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, a total of 56 male Wistar rats were divided into control and seven experimental NAFLD groups including, patient, saline, resveratrol (RSV), continuous exercise, interval exercise, continuous exercise+RSV, and interval exercise+RSV. Apoptosis biomarkers, including Bax and Bcl2 levels, were measured in the heart of all groups using specific ELISA kits. Results: The Bax levels in the heart tissue of the patient and saline groups were 29.95±5.83 and 28.37±5.83 ng/mg/protein, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in other groups ( P <0.0001), while the Bcl2 concentration was significantly decreased ( P <0.0001). The mean ratios of Bax/Bcl2 in the patient (23.02±7.65) and saline (20.43±5.29) groups were significantly higher than those in the other groups ( P <0.001). Resveratrol supplementation alone or in combination with exercise trainings significantly decreased the cardiac Bax content, but significantly increased the cardiac Bcl2 level ( P <0.001). Conclusion: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with increased apoptotic biomarkers in heart cells. Although resveratrol alone has an anti-apoptotic properties, combined therapy with interval and continuous trainings can be more effective. Apoptosis, Non-alcoholic fatty liver, Interval and continuous training, Resveratrol
Low-Cost Automation for Gravity Compensation of Robotic Arm

During the Industry 4.0 era, the open source-based robotic arms control applications have been developed, in which the control algorithms apply for movement precision in the trajectory tracking paths based on direct or reverse kinematics. Therefore, small errors in the joint positions can summarize in large position errors of the end-effector in the industrial activities. Besides the change of the end-effector position for a given variation of the set-point in manipulator joint positions depends on the manipulator configuration. This research proposes a control based on Proportional Derivative (PD) Control with gravity compensation to show the robustness of this control scheme in the robotic arm’s industrial applications. The control algorithm is developed using a low-cost board like Raspberry Pi (RPI) where the Robot Operating System (ROS) is installed. The novelty of this approach is the development of new functions in ROS to make the PD control with gravity compensation in low-cost systems. This platform brings a fast exchange of information between the Kuka™ youBot robotic arm and a graphical user’s interface that allows a transparent interaction between them.
Data Analytics through BlockChain Technologies

Huge Information is a term for a considerable amount, not predictable, emergent data collections among abundant, self-reliant sources. Created in different fields extending from monetary and business exercises to open organization, plays a significant role to take any decision. Blockchain is a dispersed database framework that goes about as an "open record" to store and oversee exchanges. Each trace in the DB(Database) is known as a square and contain points of interest, for example, the exchange timestamp and besides a connection to the past square. Makes it unthinkable for everybody to change data about the records thoughtfully. Furthermore, since the way that a similar exchange can record over the various, dispersed database structure, the innovation is secure by the plan. This paper provides the fundamentals of big data and how we can use the blockchain technology.
The Ideology of China From Perspectives of Conceptual Metaphor—Illustrated by Xi Jinping’s 2020 New Year Speech

Metaphor not only is a rhetorical device but also could be a cognitive mechanism. Conceptual metaphor has raised great attention in cognitive linguistics in recent years. The present study examines the conceptual metaphor in 2020 New Year Speech and classifies different conceptual metaphor into their own type and calculates the frequency. The results show that orientation metaphor occupies highest frequency, 10 times. The findings reveal that all kinds of conceptual metaphors serve to make the speech vivid and try to get people closed. There is no aggression in the speech. President Xi used conceptual metaphor to better convey the gains of the past year and the direction of the next year, while at the same time conveying the image of a friendly country in the world.
Trade-offs for data-limited fisheries when using harvest strategies based on catch-only models

Many of the world's fisheries are unassessed, with little information about population status or risk of overfishing. Unassessed fisheries are particularly predominant in developing countries and in small-scale fisheries, where they are important for food security. Several catch-only methods based on time series of fishery catch and commonly available life-history traits have been developed to estimate stock status (defined as biomass relative to biomass at maximum sustainable yield: B/B-MSY). While their stock status performance has been extensively studied, performance of catch-only models as a management tool is unknown. We evaluated the extent to which a superensemble of three prominent catch-only models can provide a reliable basis for fisheries management and how performance compares across management strategies that control catch or fishing effort. We used a management strategy evaluation framework to determine whether a superensemble of catch-only models can reliably inform harvest control rules (HCRs). Across five simulated fish life histories and two harvest-dynamic types, catch-only models and HCR combinations reduced the risk of overfishing and increased the proportion of stocks above B-MSY compared to business as usual, though often resulted in poor yields. Precautionary HCRs based on fishing effort were robust and insensitive to error in catch-only models, while catch-based HCRs caused high probabilities of overfishing and more overfished populations. Catch-only methods tended to overestimate B/B-MSY for our simulated data sets. The catch-only superensemble combined with precautionary effort-based HCRs could be part of a stepping stone approach for managing some data-limited stocks while working towards more data-moderate assessment methods.
Improving Data Quality in Crowdsourced Data for Indonesian Election Monitor: A Case Study in KawalPilpres

ICT has enabled democratic process to be more transparent and enabled citizens’ participation in the election process. However, public trust is a mandatory requirement for a good democratic transition. Participation in monitoring election process could be implemented as a crowdsourcing effort to improve public trust in the election result which in this article based on a case study of KawalPilpres to monitor 2019 Indonesian presidential election. Trust factor is a key success for monitoring effort. Therefore, data quality becomes necessity. Data quality is assessed using Loshin’s maturity assessment and analysed using Loshin’s improvement strategies. Based on our assessments, there are three top categories for improvements namely governance, expectations, and policies of data quality management.
USO DO SISTEMA DE INFORMAÇÃO GEOGRÁFICA E DADOS DE SENSORIAMENTO REMOTO NO PROCESSO DE MODELAGEM ESPACIAL MULTICRITÉRIO PARA A DEFINIÇÃO DE DIRETRIZES DE LINHAS DE TRANSMISSÃO DE ENERGIA ELÉTRICA

In Brazil, due to economic and population growth, the construction of new electric power transmission lines (LT) is essential. This process is complex since it is necessary to equate conflicting factors (environmental, social and economic factors) in order to define a guideline that minimizes the impacts generated by the project. In this context, this article presents a methodology for the definition of the layout of an electric power LT guideline based on the use of tools from the Geographic Information System (GIS), Remote Sensing data, fuzzy logic and the Multicriteria Analysis Method (MAM) Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results showed that the technique employed is efficient and adequate for the automatic determination of LT guidelines, facilitating the planning process of a new venture, minimizing planning errors and possible rework.
Anhuienoside C ameliorates atherosclerosis in rats via regulation of the NFκB/eNOS/NO signaling pathway

Purpose: To investigate the protective effect of anhuienoside C (AC) against high cholesterol dietinduced atherosclerosis in a rat model. Methods: Atherosclerosis was induced in rats by administration of high fat diet for 8 weeks, and AC (20 and 40 mg/kg) was administered orally. The effect of AC was determined by assessing serum lipid profiles and mediators of inflammation, as well as oxidative stress parameters in aortic tissue using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blot assay and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used for the evaluation of protein expressions. Results: Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDLP), and IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α and NF-κB were significantly reduced in AC-treated group, relative to atherosclerotic rats (p < 0.01). Moreover, parameters of oxidative stress were attenuated in the aortic tissues of AC-treated group, when compared with atherosclerotic rats. There was significant increase in eNOS expression, and marked decrease in the expressions of MAPK and NF-kB protein in the aortic tissue homogenate of AC treated group, relative to atherosclerotic group (p <0.01). Treatment with AC attenuated the mRNA expressions of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and MCP-1 in aortic tissue of the atherosclerotic rats. Conclusion: These results reveal that AC prevents atherosclerosis in rats by modulating the NFκB/eNOS/NO signaling pathway, and thus, can thus potentially be developed as anti-atherosclerotic agent. Keywords: Anhuienoside C, Atherosclerosis, Inflammation, Oxidative stress, Cholesterol
On the Language Strategies in the Chinese Debating TV Show from the Perspective of Interpersonal Function Theory

Taking the interpersonal function theory as the theoretical framework, this study selects the popular online talk show “Qi Pa speaking” in China as the data to analyze language strategies used by debaters to win votes and supports. The TV program, “Qi Pa Speaking”, is a new program format, which is popular with people at all ages. It is different from the traditional form of debating competition with serious atmosphere, on the contrary, the atmosphere of the show is relaxed and lively. The results show that the declarative and exclamatory moods are two frequently used strategies by the debaters. The declarative mood usually implies the earnest instruction, while exclamatory mood helps to make the arguments more convincing. The use of different moods also reflects the different personalities of the debaters.
The Development of Heart Rate Detection Using Arduino Microcontroller and Android

Nowadays heart attack is becoming a very deadly disease of human. This attack cannot be predicted, but it can be known from the human heartbeat which is a very vital health parameter of the human cardiovascular system. Heart rate reflects the health conditions of the human cardiovascular system that determined by such as stress at work, before or after sports and the psychology factor. Unfortunately, some people do not know their heart rate before or after doing an activity. This paper proposes of measuring technique of heart rate by using pulse sensor, Arduino microcontroller, and Android Smartphone. It is based on the principle of measuring the variation of blood volume in our body using a light source and detector. We also measure the heart rate by using the ECG or EKG (electrocardiogram) waveform as the comparison result of the pulse sensor with ECG waveform. The sensor consists of an infrared light-emitting-diode (LED) and a photodiode. The LED transmits an infrared light into the fingertip which is reflected back from the blood inside of finger arteries. The results show that this tool can detect the value of the heart rate and is displayed on the screen of an Android. The sensor takes under 10 seconds to detect the value of the heart rate. Notification via SMS will be sent the heart rate such as under normal conditions (BPM, Beat Per Minute <50, normal (BPM = 60 to 100) or above normal (BPM> 100).
Investigation of the Studies on the Use of Scratch Software in Education

The aim of this study is to classify the methodological tendencies and outputs of the studies conducted on the use of Scratch software in education with their main lines and to examine them in a comprehensive and holistic way. A literature review was conducted based on different databases in line with the purpose of the study and we accessed 76 different studies within this scope. Document review steps were followed to explain the data obtained in the study and to access the necessary concepts and relations. Meta-thematic analyses were performed to complement the data obtained, and qualitative findings were obtained by referring to common codes and themes of qualitative studies. The results of the study indicate that the use of Scratch software in education was found to have positive effects on motivation, self-efficacy, attitude, higher-level thinking, and academic success. In addition, materializing software teaching by freeing it from its abstract and complex structure, enabling students to acquire 21st-century skills at an early age, encouraging students to trust themselves by boosting their interest and motivation can be defined as some of the positive aspects of the Scratch software. The limitations of the Scratch software were determined as being unsuitable for advanced coding, limited code structure, and difficulty in understanding the logic of some basic structures.
On the systemic entropy of low-order systems

Abstract Reliability engineering is a well-defined field and systemic analysis is not new. Typically, the first raw-moment (MTTF) is all that is sought in applications of this method and a rule-of-thumb method achieves this algebraically without the need for calculus by assuming exponential distributions. However, there is no standard labelling or naming of the different block diagrams used, nor is there a standard list of solutions for low-order networks. In this paper different moments are compared, and the vector algebra approach is emphasised. A small amount of fine structure is evident in the moments, but broadly they are found to be equivalent for bulk system analysis. Analogy is made to statistical physics and a set of characteristic values is developed.
In Situ Detection of New Biosignatures on Mars and Earth: Laser Absorption Features of Methyl Mercaptan (CH3SH) at 3.27 μm

tion features of Methyl Mercaptan (CH3SH) at 3.27 μm. Steve Vance, Lance E. Christensen and Christopher R. Webster; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, USA (svance@jpl.nasa.gov) Methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) is characterized in the 3.27 micron spectral region interrogated by the methane laser on NASA’s Mars Science Laboratory rover. The compound is important in industry, in searches for biosignatures in the atmospheres of exoplanets and in studies of prebiotic chemistry. A related compound, dimethyl sulfide (CH3SCH3), showed no detectable signal even at high concentrations. Methyl mercaptan has multiple absorption features to either side of the C and H features already characterized for methane. Based on the present results, the Mars Science Laboratory can search for this CH3SH when it reaches its destination in 2012.
Epidemiologic Study of Central Nervous System Tumors in Rwanda

Introduction: Tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) are primary or secondary neoplasms located within the craniovertebral cavity. The incidence of CNS tumors is not uniform with variation between different countries, age groups and races. Objective: Our study aim was to generate new knowledge of the epidemiology of central nervous system tumors in Rwanda. Method: This was an observational retrospective study of all patients diagnosed with CNS tumors in Rwanda over a period of 10 years, from 1st January 2006 to 31st December 2015. Results: 466 patients enrolled, (52.2% females, 47.8% males). The median age at diagnosis of was 37 years. Brain tumors were 82.7%; spine tumor patients were 16.4%. The average annual age-standardized incidence of CNS tumors was 0.43/100, 0000 person-years and varied with age groups. Tumors of meningothelial cells represented the majority of brain tumors (31.8%). Metastatic tumors were the far most common spine tumors category. 55.8 % of CNS tumors reported in our study were histologically confirmed and of nonmalignant meningiomas were the commonest (33.9%). Conclusion: This is the very first study done on epidemiology of CNS tumors in Rwanda, and generated data about incidence of CNS tumors in Rwanda and their location and histological distribution.
A Kinematic Model of the Shoulder Complex Obtained from a Wearable Detection System

Due to the complex coupled motion of the shoulder mechanism, the design of the guiding movement rules of rehabilitation robots generally lacks specific motion coupling information between the glenohumeral (GH) joint center and humeral elevation angle. This study focuses on establishing a kinematic model of the shoulder complex obtained from a wearable detection system, which can describe the specific motion coupling relationship between the GH joint center displacement variable quantity relative to the thorax coordinate system and the humeral elevation angle. A kinematic model, which is a generalized GH joint with a floating center, was proposed to describe the coupling motion. Twelve healthy subjects wearing the designed detection system performed a right-arm elevation in the sagittal and coronal planes respectively, and the motion information of the GH joint during humeral elevation in the sagittal and coronal planes was detected and quantized, with the analytical formulas acquired based on the experimental data. The differences in GH joint motion during humeral elevation in the sagittal and coronal planes were also evaluated respectively, which also verified the effectiveness of the proposed kinematic model.
Physiology of Color Vision in Primates

Color perception in macaque monkeys and humans depends on the visually evoked activity in three cone photoreceptors and on neuronal post-processing of cone signals. Neuronal post-processing of cone signals occurs in two stages in the pathway from retina to the primary visual cortex. The first stage, in in P (midget) ganglion cells in the retina, is a single-opponent subtractive comparison of the cone signals. The single-opponent computation is then sent to neurons in the Parvocellular layers of the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN), the main visual nucleus of the thalamus. The second stage of processing of color-related signals is in the primary visual cortex, V1, where multiple comparisons of the single-opponent signals are made. The diversity of neuronal interactions in V1cortex causes the cortical color cells to be subdivided into classes of single-opponent cells and double-opponent cells. Double-opponent cells have visual properties that can be used to explain most of the phenomenology of color perception of surface colors; they respond best to color edges and spatial patterns of color. Single opponent cells, in retina, LGN, and V1, respond to color modulation over their receptive fields and respond best to color modulation over a large area in the visual field.