Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Studies of cannabinoid receptor 1 in mantle cell lymphoma

5 ABBREVIATIONS . 6 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS . 7 INTRODUCTION . 8 1. B-CELL NEOPLASMS . 8 1.1 The origin of B-cell neoplasms . 8 1.2 Transforming events . 9 2. MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA . 11 2.1 Oncogenic mechanisms of MCL . 11 3. THE CANNABINOID RECEPTORS . 13 3.1 The endocannabinoid system . 13 3.2 Cannabinoids . 15 3.3 Cannabinoid receptors . 16 4. CANNABINOID RECEPTOR SIGNALING . 17 4.1 Regulation of mitogen activated protein kinase . 17 5. CANNABINOIDS AND CANNABINOID RECEPTORS IN CANCER . 20 5.1 Cannabinoid receptor expression in cancer compared to normal cells 20 5.2 Direct effects of cannabinoids in cancer . 20 5.3 Indirect effects of cannabinoids in cancer . 21 6. SPHINGOLIPIDS . 22 6.1 Sphingolipid metabolism . 22 6.2 Sphingolipids in cancer . 25 7. MATERIALS AND METHODS . 28 7.1 Cell culture . 28 7.2 Mouse model . 28 7.3 Flow cytometry . 28 7.4 Quantitative real-time PCR. 29 7.5 Western Blot . 30 7.6 HPLC/MSMS. 30 8. AIM OF THE THESIS . 32 9. ETHICS . 33 10. PAPER I . 34 11. PAPER II . 36 12. PAPER III . 38 13. PAPER IV . 40 14. CONCLUSIONS . 42 15. FUTURE PERSPECTIVES . 43 16. POPULÄRVETENSKAPLIG SAMMANFATTNING . 44 17. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 47 18. REFERENCES . 49
Posterior tibial slope is a modifiable predictor of relatively large extension gaps in total knee arthroplasty for degenerative osteoarthritis

Background: During total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for osteoarthritis, the sagittal gap imbalance (SGI) with a relatively large extension gap is an important surgical challenge. We determined the predictors of SGI with a relatively large extension gap and evaluated the surgical outcomes of knees with SGI. Methods: 551 consecutive cases of primary TKA for osteoarthritis were retrospectively reviewed. The cohort was divided into two groups according to the SGI and statistically matched according to baseline characteristics via the inverse probability of treatment weighting method. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the predictors of sagittal gap difference (SGD) and SGI. Intergroup differences in clinical and radiological outcomes were analyzed. Results: Of all the knees included, 8.5% (n = 45) presented with SGI with a relatively large extension gap and required femoral sagittal balancing to manage SGI. The hyperextension angle (HA), preoperative joint line convergence angle (JLCA), and the change in posterior tibial slope (PTS) significantly correlated to SGD and predicted SGI with a relatively large extension gap. SGI group showed significant changes in femoral posterior condylar offset and joint line height compared to those without SGI (1.48 vs −0.45, 1.37 vs −0.51, respectively). Postoperative ROM and knee society knee scores were lower in SGI group. Conclusion: Knees requiring sagittal balancing to manage SGI with a relatively large extension gap is not uncommon in TKA for osteoarthritic knees. The change in PTS is an independent and modifiable predictor of SGI.
Vacuum‐Ultraviolet Photolysis of N2O. III. Reaction Rates of O(1S)

Photolyses of N2O at 1470 A (Xe resonance lamp) and CO2 at 1048 + 1067 A (argon resonance lamp) have been used as sources of O(1S) atoms. Quenching rate coefficients for this species, relative to those for N2O or CO2, were determined for a wide variety of gases.
Genetic testing in dementia‐A medical genetics perspective

When a genetic cause is suspected in a person with dementia, it creates unique diagnostic and management challenges to the treating clinician. Many clinicians may be unaware of the practicalities surrounding genetic testing for their patients, such as when to test and what tests to use and how to counsel patients and their families. This review was conducted to provide guidance to clinicians caring for patients with dementia regarding clinically relevant genetics.
Why Do People Agree With Both Regular and Reversed Items? A Logical Response Perspective

The current research challenges the received view that misresponses to reversed items are the result of participants’ irrational behavior. On the contrary, for participants at a midpoint level of a trait, it is perfectly logical to agree and disagree with seemingly equivalent statements (e.g., I’m not tall, but neither am I short). For this reason, regular and reversed items for a unidimensional construct were predicted to load on separate factors. Two types of reversed items—polar opposites and negated regular items—were also predicted to load on separate factors, as they are qualitatively different. An empirical study supported this explanation. Differential responding was found to be highest for participants at the mid-level of a trait and diminished toward the ends, revealing a quadratic relationship and a trait × method interaction. Thus, our findings demonstrate that the logical response pattern of individuals at the mid-level of a trait is another previously unrecognized explanation for why the inclusion of regular and reverse-keyed items can contribute to the apparent bi-dimensionality of unidimensional constructs (for data analysis results, see https://osf.io/krh2w/).
Drivers of local extinction risk in alpine plants under warming climate.

The scarcity of local plant extinctions following recent climate change has been explained by demographic inertia and lags in the displacement of resident species by novel species, generating an 'extinction debt'. We established a transplant experiment to disentangle the contribution of these processes to the local extinction risk of four alpine plants in the Swiss Alps. Projected population growth (λ) derived from integral projection models was reduced by 0.07/°C of warming on average, whereas novel species additionally decreased λ by 0.15 across warming levels. Effects of novel species on predicted extinction time were greatest at warming < 2 °C for two species. Projected population declines under both warming and with novel species were primarily driven by increased mortality. Our results suggest that extinction debt can be explained by a combination of demographic inertia and lags in novel species establishment, with the latter being particularly important for some species under low levels of warming.
Odor Assessment and Management in Wastewater Treatment Plants: A Review

The stricter environmental regulations, encroachment of residential areas on wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and increasing public expectations on privatized water companies have resulted in an increase in the number of public odor complaints during the last decades. Despite not being a direct cause of disease, long-term exposure to high-strength odorant emissions actually does negatively affect human health (e.g., causing nausea, headaches, respiratory problems). Therefore, the minimization and abatement of unpleasant odor emissions are becoming two of the major challenges for WWTP utilities worldwide. However, information regarding odor formation, sources, sampling, characterization, impact assessment, and control techniques is rather sparse in the literature. Therefore, there is a need for an integrated approach to odor assessment and management.
Microenvironmental regulation of Multiple Myeloma and Malignant Lymphoma. The role of HGF, Wnts, heparan sulfate proteoglycans, and N-cadherin

Inappropriate acti vati on of MET, the receptor tyrosine kinase for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), has been implicated in tumorigenesis. Although we have previously shown that HGF/ MET signaling controls survival and proliferati on of multi ple myeloma (MM), its role in the pathogenesis of other B cell malignancies has remained largely unexplored. Here, we have examined a panel of 110 B cell malignancies for MET expression, which, apart from MM (48%), was found to be largely confi ned to diff use large B cell lymphomas (DLBCL) (30%). No amplifi cati on of the MET gene was found, however, mutati onal analysis revealed two germline missense mutati ons: R1166Q in the tyrosine kinase domain in one pati ent, and R988C in the juxtamembrane domain in four pati ents. The R988C mutati on has recently been shown to enhance tumorigenesis. In MET-positi ve DLBCL cells, HGF induces MEKdependent acti vati on of ERK and PI3K-dependent phosphorylati on of PKB, GSK3 and FOXO3a. Furthermore, HGF induces PI3K-dependent α4β1 integrin-mediated adhesion to VCAM-1 and fi bronecti n. Within the tumor-microenvironment of DLBCL, HGF is provided by macrophages, whereas DLBCL cells themselves produce the serine protease HGF acti vator (HGFA), which autocatalyzes HGF acti vati on. Taken together, these data indicate that HGF/ MET-signaling, and secreti on of HGFA by DLBCL cells contributes to lymphomagenesis in DLBCL.
Citizen participation for sustainable cities

Citizen participation methods can foster a strong and transparent democratic process, while at the same time benefit municipalities by finding innovative sustainable solutions, strengthening local action and gaining support for the implementation of new ideas. With investments, participatory budgeting can support inclusive and creative decisions throughout the whole process: from what to invest in and why, to giving feedback on the achievement of the investment.
An experimental study of the influence of stress history on fault slip during injection of 1 supercritical CO 2 2

An experimental study of the influence of stress history on fault slip during injection of 1 supercritical CO2 2 Robert J. Cuss, Andrew C. Wiseall, Elena Tamayo-Mas, and Jon F. Harrington, 3 British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK 4 Corresponding author: R.J. Cuss, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5 5GG, UK (rjcu@bgs.ac.uk) 6 The injection of super-critical CO2 into a depleted reservoir will alter the pore pressure of the 7 basin, which if sufficiently perturbed could result in fault slip. Therefore, knowledge of the 8 acceptable pressure limits is required in order to maintain fault stability. A two-part laboratory 9 study was conducted on fully saturated kaolinite fault gouge to investigate this issue. 10 Previously, we showed that fault slip occurred once pore-pressure within the gouge was 11 sufficient to overcome the normal stress acting on the fault. For kaolinite, this behaviour 12 occurred at a pressure similar to the yield stress. The current study shows that following a 13 slow-reduction in the maximum principal stress, as would be expected through changes in 14 effective stress, the reactivation pressure shows a stress memory. Consequently, the pressure 15 necessary to initiate fault slip is similar to that required at the maximum stress encountered. 16 Therefore, fault slip is at least partially controlled by the previous maximum stress and not the 17 current stress state. During the slow reduction in normal stress, the flow characteristics of the 18 fault remain unchanged until pore-pressure exceeds shear stress and does not increase 19 significantly until it exceeds normal stress. This results in fault slip, which slows the rate of 20 flow increase as shear is an effective self-sealing mechanism. These observations lead to the 21 conclusion that stress history is a vital parameter when considering fault stability. 22
Master Computer Science Evolutionary Isolation Forest for Interactive Anomaly Detection in an Incremental Scenario

Outliers in a dataset are points that statistically deviate from normal instances and anomalies are points that are abnormal based on some speciﬁc context or criteria. Unsupervised anomaly detection algorithms usually ﬁnd statistical outliers. But in a realistic scenario, these outliers are not necessarily interesting or relevant anomalies. Limited availability of expert feedback is usually quite easy to obtain. Incorporating such feedback to adjust the detectors can signiﬁcantly boost the performance. It discovers anomalies that are contextualized to the expert user’s semantic understanding of the anomalies. The user then provides feedback on the more contextualized anomalies and the algorithm gives even more contextualized anomalies. This human-algorithm interaction loop is called Interactive Anomaly Detection. In this paper we make the ﬁrst attempt to deﬁne Interactive Anomaly Detection in an incremental scenario. That is, data comes in streams and the more recent an anomaly is, the more relevant it is. We then propose a novel algorithm: the Evolutionary Isolation Forest. By using evolutionary algorithms to adapt the Isolation Forest to users’ feedback, it outperforms the state-of-the-art method in the incremental scenario. We also show the realistic relevance of this algorithm by applying it to a real-world problem of detecting system disfunctions at energy infrastructures at the company WithTheGrid.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Meaningful Control of Autonomous Systems Meaningful Control of Autonomous Systems MCAS Project - Final report Data-Driven

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Grade Transition Dynamic Optimization of the Living Nitroxide‐Mediated Radical Polymerization of Styrene in a Tubular Reactor

In this work, the dynamic optimization of tubular reactors where nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization (NMRP) of styrene takes place is performed. The effect of potential manipulated variables is addressed. The system is governed by partial differential equations (PDEs). The PDEs are discretized spatially giving rise to a differential-algebraic equation (DAE) system. The DAE optimization problem is then solved using a simultaneous approach wherein the differential and the algebraic variables are fully discretized leading to a large-scale nonlinear programming (NLP) problem. The resulting optimization problem is solved using an interior point algorithm capable of handling large-scale NLPs.
RADIOLYSIS OF SOLUTIONS OF TETRAZOLIUM SALTS

Published data on radiolysis of liquid (mainly aqueous, water–alcohol and alcoholic) and solid [mainly in poly(vinyl alcohol)] solutions of tetrazolium salts are generalised. The mechanism of radiolytic transformations of these compounds is discussed. Their application in dosimetry of ionising radiation is considered in detail. The bibliography includes 60 references.
Impact of pedagogical intervention on early childhood professionals’ emotional availability to children with different temperament characteristics

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of pedagogical intervention on early childhood education professionals’ emotional availability to children with different temperament characteristics. Participants were 136 children (intervention group = 87; control group = 49) aged 1–6 years from 16 early childhood and care centres in Finland. The PedaSens intervention was a 9-month programme that included theory and video-based training for the professionals. Adult–child interaction was assessed with the Emotional Availability Scales before and after the intervention, and children’s temperament was assessed with the Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire. According to results, early childhood professionals’ emotional availability increased in the intervention group, especially to children with high levels of activity and pleasure seeking and with low levels of attentional focusing. We argue that the quality of interaction in early childhood education and care can be increased by targeting professional trainings to support children with different temperament characteristics.
Chitinases production: A robust enzyme and its industrial applications

Abstract In nature, distinct number of renewable biopolymers are available which exist as chief starting material for various bioprocesses; chitin being one of them that is degraded by the chitinases. Chitinases belong to the family of hydrolytic enzymes that hydrolyses chitin and it is also used in various industries for waste management, recovery of tannase, as biocontrol agent, chitooligosaccharides and GlcNAc production, etc. In the current paper, various chitinases sources are discussed available worldwide such as bacteria, fungal, plants, mammals, etc. At laboratory scale, purification and characterisation of various chitinases have been performed but several difficulties arise at industrial scale due to expensive purification steps. This review summarises the developments in production, extraction, purification and various applications of chitinases. Graphical Abstract
Children’s temperament moderates the long-term effects of pedagogical practices in ECEC on children’s externalising problems

ABSTRACT In this study, we explored how free play and scaffolding practices in Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) related to children’s externalising problems both in ECEC and later in school. Furthermore, we aimed to reduce the knowledge gap of whether these relations depended on children’s differences in emotional temperament. We used structural equation modelling to analyse data from 7421 children from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. Results indicated that more free play associated with less externalising problems in ECEC for children in general. For children with higher emotionality, more free play related to increased externalising problems in school. Scaffolding in ECEC was not associated with externalising problems, but moderated the longitudinal association of free play for children with higher emotionality. All children benefited from free play in ECEC for their concurrent mental health. However, for children with higher emotionality, more free play in ECEC might be a risk factor for reduced mental health in school, where there is less free play than in ECEC. More scaffolding in combination with free play in ECEC can reduce this risk. Further research should address the content of play and scaffolding practices in more detail.
The spatial features of recent crises in a developing country: analysing regional economic resilience for the Brazilian case

ABSTRACT During the last decade, the Brazilian economy was affected by two important recessive shocks. However, the spatiality of these shocks is still neglected by scholars and policy-makers. This study analyses these recessions’ spatial structure by applying elements of the regional resilience literature using spatial seemingly unrelated regressions (SUR) models. The results show significant heterogeneity in the territorial extension of crises led by the characteristics of the productive structure in regional resistance and more significant impacts of nationwide downturns on less diversified regions. This result raises concerns for local economies dependent on specialized production, which is typical of developing countries, mainly for the extractive areas.
Friedrich Engels's Critique of the Nature of Social Justice under Capitalism

ABSTRACT Throughout history there have been a myriad of different notions of social justice, which are widely discussed not only in various forms but also from different angles. Nevertheless, it was not until the emergence of Marxism that the concept of social justice really played a meaningful role in the liberation of humanity from unjust and oppressive social systems. Understanding the Marxist conception of social justice, including F. Engels's critique of the nature of social justice under capitalism, therefore provides the fundamental basis on which countless points of reference may be provided to unveil the true value of social justice under socialism. The theoretical rationale for social justice found in the Marxist classics has an acutely important meaning for the practice of building socialism throughout the world, especially in socialist countries at present.
Anti-populist coups d’état in the twenty-first century: reasons, dynamics and consequences

Abstract There is a burgeoning literature on how to deal with populism in advanced liberal democracies, which puts a strong emphasis on legalist and pluralist methods. There is also a new and expanding literature that looks at the consequences of coups d’état for democracies by employing large-N data sets. These two recent literatures, however, do not speak to one another, based on the underlying assumption that coups against populists were a distinctly twentieth-century Latin American phenomenon. Yet the cases of Venezuela in 2002, Thailand in 2006 and Turkey in 2016 show that anti-populist coups have also occurred in the twenty-first century. Focussing on these cases, the article enquires about the extent to which military coups succeed against populists. The main finding is that although anti-populist coups may initially take over the government, populism survives in the long run. Thus, anti-populist coups fail in their own terms and they do not succeed in eradicating populism. In fact, in the aftermath of a coup, populism gains further legitimacy against what it calls repressive elites, while possibilities for democratisation are further eroded. This is because populists tap into existing socio-cultural divides and politically mobilise the hitherto underrepresented sectors in their societies that endure military interventions.
Microstrip-line type bruce array antenna with wide fan beam and high gain

ABSTRACT In this letter, a microstrip-line type Bruce array antenna with a wide fan beam and high gain is proposed. The unit composed of the radiating edge and non-radiating edge is repeatedly arranged symmetry to the feeding part. The repeated radiating edge operates as an array of magnetic current sources, which radiates the wide beam pattern in the E-plane and achieves high gain in the H-plane. The far-field radiation pattern and the input impedance according to the number of units was shown. The proposed array antenna has a wide half-power beamwidth (HPBW), simulated result in the E-plane, and has a high peak gain, simulated 10.5 dB. The proposed array antenna with five units was fabricated and measured. The measured HPBW and peak gain were and 10.97 dB, respectively.
An indirect evaluation between corticosteroid injections and gluteal exercises in the management of pain in greater trochanteric pain syndrome

Abstract Introduction Greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS) is an umbrella term used to describe several pathologies contributing to lateral hip pain. The most prevalent pathology is gluteal tendinopathy. Conservative management of GTPS is predominantly now focused on the use of corticosteroid injections (CSIs) and gluteal exercises. Aim To compare CSIs and gluteal exercises on pain in adults with GTPS. Method A systematic search of AMED, CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, TRIP and the Cochrane Library was conducted from inception to January 2021. Critical appraisal was completed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool. Data were extracted to obtain population characteristics and procedural details. Results Seven articles met the eligibility criteria out of a total of 336; five articles were randomised control trials (RCT) and two were cohort studies, equivalent to 758 and 70 participants, respectively. Studies generally reported significant benefits of CSIs <12 weeks and gluteal exercises >8 weeks for the reduction in lateral hip pain (p < .05). Critical appraisal demonstrated varied study quality and significant heterogeneity. Conclusion CSIs appear to be a successful treatment intervention in the short-term to decrease lateral hip pain but not in the long-term. Gluteal exercises plus education on avoiding tendon compression appears to be as successful as CSIs in the short and superior in the long-term.