Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design and analysis of the cost-effective wireless sensor network for Energy and Resource optimization

: In today’s world, sensors are everywhere! This paper proposes the use of motion sensors with Internet of Things (IoT) enabled devices to create smart Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Normally, motion sensors act discretely to turn ON/OFF devices based on human/animal detection in the Field of View (FoV) of the sensor. However, by examining analog movement pattern from the sensor can reveal important information such as direction of travel and other valuable information about the underlying object movement. The analog wave pattern is processed via signal processing and time-series algorithm. Later, the processing outcomes fed machine learning algorithm to reveal the direction of a travel. The direction of movement is estimated with more than 95% of accuracy. In a test building site, multiple of such sensor modules are distributed throughout a building. These modules send incoming and outgoing movement data to the sensor fusion node connected to the data logging computer. The data pattern is carefully analyzed to optimize the energy usage of university hallways lights and other appliances. Furthermore, data analysis and automatic building lighting control is explored as a part of an upcoming summer scholarly activities. This project is involving group of undergraduate senior level students of our engineering technology program. Students got the exposure of prototyping a sensor module, 3-D printing, deployment consideration, embedded programming, and the sensor data management.
The Role of Consequences in Securing Cyber-Physical Systems

The importance of cybersecurity of cyber-physical systems is increasing across the wide spectrum of critical infrastructure systems and resulting in governmental attention to methods of reducing risks. Although these systems use computers to manage the communication and control of the processes, the systems are distinctly different from IT systems in business. Securing these cyber-physical systems require a different approach and set of tools. There are some unique characteristics of the physical systems under control that can be used to help mitigate risks associated with control system failures. This paper examines how security measures need to take a wider approach than just application of IT controls to a new environment if one is interested in truly managing the risk of these systems. technology
Workshop on Interoperable Semantic Annotation isa-9 March 19 – 20 , 2013 Potsdam , Germany

We present an annotation model of modality which is (i) cross-linguistic, relying on a wide, strongly typologically motivated approach, and (ii) hierarchical and layered, accounting for both factuality and speaker’s attitude, while modelling these two aspects through separate annotation schemes. Modality is defined through cross-linguistic categories, but the classification of actual linguistic expressions is language-specific. This makes our annotation model a powerful tool for investigating linguistic diversity in the field of modality on the basis of real language data, being thus also useful from the perspective of machine translation systems.
Pseudomonas plecoglossicida as a novel bacterium for phosphate solubilizing and indole-3-acetic acid-producing from soybean rhizospheric soils of East Java, Indonesia

Astriani M, Zubaidah S, Abadi AL, Suarsini E. 2020. Pseudomonas plecoglossicida as a novel bacterium for phosphate solubilizing and indole-3-acetic acid-producing from soybean rhizospheric soils of East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 578-586. The use of synthetic fertilizers to grow soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) in a long time, can increase the risk of environmental damage. Therefore, the current study aimed to find phosphate solubilizing bacteria that can produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) hormone to minimize the use of chemical fertilizers. Superior isolates selected through characterization of phosphate solubilization activity on Pikovskaya medium, screening of IAA producing bacteria, quantitative estimation of phosphate solubilizing activity using a spectrophotometer, hypersensitivity assay, antagonist within isolate assay, and molecular identification of selected bacterial isolates using 16S rRNA sequencing with primer forward 63f and primer reverse 1387r. Among the isolated bacteria, isolate Arj8 showed the highest phosphate solubilizing activity and IAA production. Molecular identification indicated that isolate Arj8 shared 100% similarity with Pseudomonas plecoglossicida. The highest phosphate solubilizing activity (75.39 mg/L) and IAA production (38.89 ppm) recorded on day-3. Multiple potentialities of P. plecoglossicida as phosphate solubilizing and IAA producing bacterium are a novel finding in the development of bioinoculants as bio-fertilizers that can reduce dependency on synthetic chemical fertilizers.
Testing for indeterminacy in U.S. monetary policy

We revisit the question of indeterminacy in U.S. monetary policy using identi cation-robust methods. We nd that the conclusions of Clarida, Galí, and Gertler (2000) that policy was inactive before 1979 are robust, but the evidence over the Volcker-Greenspan periods is inconclusive because con dence sets are very large. We show that this is in fact what one would expect if policy were indeed active over that period. Problems of identi cation also arise because policy reaction has been too gradual or excessively smooth recently. All in all, our analysis demonstrates that identi cation issues should be taken seriously, and that identi cation-robust methods can be informative even when they produce wide con dence sets. Keywords : GMM, identi cation, rational expectations JEL: C22, E31 I would like to thank Frank Schorfheide and seminar participants at University of Pennsylvania and Carleton university for useful comments and discussion.
Essays on fishery management

More and more fishery researchers begin to acknowledge that one-dimensional biomass models may omit key information when generating management guidelines. For the more complicated age-structured models, numerous parameters require a proper estimation or a reasonable assumption. In this paper, the effects of recruitment patterns and environmental impacts on the optimal exploitation of a fish population are investigated. Based on a discrete-time age-structured bioeconomic model of Northeast Atlantic mackerel, we introduce the mechanisms that generate 6 scenarios of the problem. Using the simplest scenario, optimizations are conducted under 8 different parameter combinations. Then, the problem is solved for each scenario and simulations are conducted with constant fishing mortalities. It is found that a higher environmental volatility leads to more net profits but with a lower probability of achieving the mean values. Any parameter combination that favours the older fish tends to lend itself to pulse fishing pattern. The simulations indicate that a constant fishing mortality around 0.06 performs the best. A comparison between the optimal and the historical harvest shows that for more than 70% of the time, the optimal exploitation precedes the historical one, leading to 43% higher net profit and 34% lower fishing cost.
Online Privacy and Information Disclosure by Consumers: Online Appendix

Proof. Take any disclosure rule (M∗, φ∗) that leads to a vertically inefficient allocation given the seller’s best response and the consumer’s optimal purchase decision with the tie-breaking. (Hereafter, I omit the caveat “given the tie-breaking rule.”) Then, φ∗ draws a posterior x ∈ ∆(V ) at which trade fails to occur with positive probability.1 Without loss of generality, suppose that given x, the seller recommends product 1 at price vn. Consider the following disclosure rule φ∗∗: On top of the information that φ∗ discloses, φ∗∗ also discloses u1 ≥ vn or u1 < vn whenever posterior x is realized. ∗Bank of Canada (email: shotaichihashi@gmail.com). 1Because |V K | < +∞, without loss of generality, I can assume |M∗| < +∞. Then, each message is realized with a positive probability from the ex-ante perspective. This implies that there is an ex-ante positive probability event such that some posterior x ∈ ∆(V ) is realized and trade fails to occur.
Child Protection and Child Outcomes: Measuring the Effects of Foster Care March 2007

The child welfare system investigates over 2 million children each year for parental abuse or neglect, yet little is known about the effects of removing children from home and placing them in foster care. Long-term outcomes are rarely observed, and children placed in foster care likely differ from those not placed, making comparisons difficult. This paper uses the removal tendency of investigators as an instrumental variable to identify causal effects of foster care placement on a range of outcomes for school-age children and youth. A rotational assignment process effectively randomizes families to these investigators. The results suggest that children assigned to investigators with higher removal rates are more likely to be placed in foster care themselves, and they have higher delinquency rates, teen birth rates, and lower earnings. Large marginal treatment effect estimates suggest caution in the interpretation, but the results suggest that children on the margin of placement tend to have better outcomes when they remain at home, especially for older children. (JEL I38, H75)
On the Value of Backdoors for So � ware Engineering: a Case Study with Test Suite Generation

Within a large space of tests, many variables may have the same settings. AI researchers report that when solutions share settings, then solutions can be found, faster, by � rst � nding and setting just a few of the shared variables-a phenomenon they call “backdoors”. This paper shows that backdoors can dramatically improve test case generation. If backdoors exist, then they exist in most solutions. Hence, test suites can be quickly generated just by sampling around average values seen in a few randomly selected valid tests (as done by our new algorithm called S ��� ). When applied to 27 real-world test case studies S ��� ran 10 to 3000 times faster (median to max) than a prior report (at ICSE’18). While prior work found tests that were 70% valid, all S ��� ’s tests were valid Test engineers would � nd it easier to use S ��� ’s tests since those test suites are 10 to 750 times smaller (median to max) than those found by
TRAFFIC LIGHT DISPERSION CONTROL BASED ON DEEP REINFORCEMENT LEARNING

The current traffic light controls are ineffective and causes a handful of problems such as congestion and pollution. This study investigates the application of deep reinforcement learning on traffic control systems to minimize congestion at traffic intersection. The traffic data from Pulai Perdana, Skudai, Johor Intersection was extracted, analysed and simulated based on the Poisson Distribution, using a simulator, Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO). In this research, we proposed a deep reinforcement learning model, which combines the capabilities of convolutional neural networks and reinforcement learning to control the traffic lights to increase the effectiveness of the traffic control system. The paper explains the method we used to quantify the traffic scenario into different matrices which fed to the model as states which reduces the load of computing as compared to images. After 2000 iterations of training, our deep reinforcement learning model was able to reduce the cumulative waiting time of all the vehicles at the Pulai Perdana intersection by 47.31% as compared to a fixed time algorithm and can perform even when the traffic is skewed in a different direction. When the traffic is scaled down to 50% and 20 %, the agent continues to improve the waiting time by 69.5% and 68.36 % respectively. It is proven in the experiment that a deep reinforcement learning model was able to reduce the cumulative waiting time at Pulai Perdana by 47.31%.
Schrödinger's Security: Opening the Box on App Developers' Security Rationale

Research has established the wide variety of security failures in mobile apps, their consequences, and how app developers introduce or exacerbate them. What is not well known is why developers do so-what is the rationale underpinning the decisions they make which eventually strengthen or weaken app security? This is all the more complicated in modern app development's increasingly diverse demographic: growing numbers of independent, solo, or small team developers who do not have the organizational structures and support that larger software development houses enjoy. Through two studies, we open the box on developer rationale, by performing a holistic analysis of the rationale underpinning various activities in which app developers engage when developing an app. The first study does so through a task-based study with app developers ($\mathrm{N}=44$) incorporating six distinct tasks for which this developer demographic must take responsibility: setting up a development environment, reviewing code, seeking help, seeking testers, selecting an advertisement SDK, and software licensing. We found that, while on first glance in several activities participants seemed to prioritize security, only in the code task such prioritization was underpinned by a security rationale-indicating that development behavior perceived to be secure may only be an illusion until the box is opened on their rationale. The second study confirms these findings through a wider survey of app developers ($\mathrm{N}=274$) investigating to what extent they find the activities of the task-based study to affect their app's security. In line with the task-based study, we found that developers perceived actively writing code and actively using external SDKs as the only security-relevant, while similarly disregarding other activities having an impact on app security. Our results suggest the need for a stronger focus on the tasks and activities surrounding the coding task - all of which need to be underpinned by a security rationale. Without such a holistic focus, developers may write “secure code” but not produce “secure apps”.
Coral bleaching , an imminent threat to marine biodiversity

For thirty years, the ocean mean temperature has been incessantly increasing, which reinforces the intensity and length of coral bleaching. The period between 2014 and 2017 was marked by massive coral mortality in the various ocean basins, with an exceptional decline by more than 50% in the reefs on the Great Barrier Reef – the largest coral structure in existence. Coral resilience was compromised with a low recruitment rate of coral larvae, and the stress experienced was exacerbated by additional anthropogenic factors (pollution, overfishing, urbanization, tourism, ocean acidification, predation by corallivores, etc.). 2018 has been the warmest year for the oceans since records began, suggesting that coral bleaching could become a recurrent phenomenon in the years to come. In order to protect this natural heritage, which is home to more than a third of the global marine biodiversity and on which over 500 million people depend worldwide for their livelihoods, it is necessary and urgent for governments to take action, beyond local measures, towards reducing human impacts on climate.
Fertility sparing strategies for pre- and peripubertal male cancer patients

Genetic parenthood following cancer therapy is considered to be a major factor of quality of life. Given the rising proportion of patients surviving cancer due to improved therapeutic protocols, it is an issue of growing importance. Hence, the efforts to preserve fertility have motivated researchers to develop options for the paediatric population facing fertility-threatening cancer therapies. In prepubertal boys who do not yet produce sperm, cryo-banking of testicular tissue containing spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) is the only viable option for future fertility preservation. While proposed in a number of clinics worldwide, however, this strategy remains still experimental. Transplanting the SSCs, or testicular tissue containing SSCs, back to the cured patient appears the most promising strategy. However, experiments performed with human testicular tissue in mice models reveal spermatogonial loss after transplantation, indicating the need for further optimisation of the transplantation procedure. The approach further poses the risk of reintroducing tumour cells back to the patient. In cases of haematological and blood-metastasising malignancies, in vitro generation of sperm combined with assisted reproductive technologies (ART), is the only possibility, avoiding reintroducing cancer cells. Although xenotransplantation would allow to recover sperm cells for ART being thus on the safe side with regard to cancer cells, the risk of infections with xeno-microbiological agents makes this option incompatible with clinical application. So far, offspring from in vitro matured sperm has only been achieved in mice. While human haploid germ cells, showing specific morphological features, expression of post-meiotic markers, as well as DNA and chromosome content, as well as fertilisation and development capacity, have been obtained by culturing spermatogonia or immature testicular tissue, the functionality of these cells still needs to be demonstrated. Despite the promising results obtained in recent years, further research is urgently warranted to establish a clinical tool offering these boys a fertility restoration option in the future. This mini-review will focus on current achievements and future challenges of fertility preservation in young boys and underscore the next steps required to translate experimental strategies into clinical practice.
COMPARISON OF SEED GERMINATION AND RECOVERY RESPONSES OF A SALT MARSH HALOPHYTE HALOPEPLIS PERFOLIATA TO OSMOTIC AND IONIC TREATMENTS

Salinity affects seed germination of halophytes by inducing ionic toxicity, osmotic constraint or both. Information about the effects of salinity on seed germination of a large number of halophytes exists, but generally little is known about the basis of salinity-induced germination inhibition. In order to partition salinity effects, we studied seed germination and recovery responses of a coastal salt marsh halophyte Halopeplis perfoliata to different isotonic treatments (ΨS: -0.5, -1.0, 1.5, -2.0 and -2.5, MPa) of various salts and polythylene glycol (PEG) under two light regimes (12-h light photoperiod and 24-h complete darkness). Highest seed germination was observed in distilled water under 12-h light photoperiod and reduction in osmotic potential of the solution decreased seed germination. However, some seeds of H. perfoliata could germinate in as low as -2.5 MPa (~600 mM NaCl), which is equivalent to seawater salinity. Sea-salt treatment was more inhibitory than isotonic NaCl at the lowest osmotic potential (ΨS -2.5 MPa). Generally, chloride salts with lowest ΨS inhibited germination more than the isotonic sulfate salts. Comparable germination responses of the seeds in NaCl and isotonic PEG treatments as well as high recovery of germination in un-germinated seeds after alleviation of NaCl salinity indicated prevalence of osmotic constraint. These results thus indicate that the seeds of H. perfoliata could tolerate high levels of a wide variety of salts found in soil.
WHO EMRO | Global prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: systematic review and meta-analysis PDF version

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Aims: To synthesize data on the worldwide prevalence and severity of COPD by geographical region, age groups, and smoking status in a systematic review. Methods: A systematic search was performed following Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. International databases including PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched for population-based studies published between January 2004
Bigraph Theory for Distributed and Autonomous Cyber-Physical System Design

—This paper proposes a multi agent system (MAS) implementing an innovative monitoring and control technique for industrial wastewater. Nowadays Cyber-Physical System (Cps) and Internet of Things (IoT) are becoming ever more common in this field. This fact led to the implementation of systems composed of many computing units intercommunicating mutually and characterized by computational power being adequate to the task to be carried out. The proposed MAS uses a cooperative approach among the various agents to achieve the global goal. The system knowledge is shared among agents. After an initial learning stage, the agents can cooperate to hit the global objective and eventually to self-assess the failure of some components. The system has been designed by means of the bigraph theory approach.
1 Panel-based Next-generation Sequencing Identifies Prognostic and Actionable Genes in Childhood 1 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and is Suitable for Clinical Sequencing 2 3

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and is Suitable for Clinical Sequencing 2 3 Hisashi Ishida1, Akihiro Iguchi2, Michinori Aoe3, Takahide Takahashi3, Kosuke Tamefusa1, Kiichiro 4 Kanamitsu1, Kaori Fujiwara1, Kana Washio1, Takehiro Matsubara4, Hirokazu Tsukahara1, Masashi Sanada5, 5 and Akira Shimada1* 6 7 1Department of Pediatrics/Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, 8
Mechanisms of functional adaptation of post stroke patients during upper limb rehabilitation

Stroke is a leading cause of disability of the adult population worldwide. Successful recovery of upper limb motor function occurs only in 20% of cases [1]. Upper limb motor recovery is a most challenging goal, due to lack of patient's motivation, training intensity and pathological synergy which is very difficult to correct using traditional methods. Poststroke upper limb paresis, spasticity and caused by them pathological synergies is the main problem on the way to daily living activities recovery. The problem of pathological synergies correction and transformation in rehabilitation practice are linked with the complexity of the required motor training approach [2]. A combination of cost-efficient, task-oriented, isolated and complex movement training with biofeedback is required to make synergy a compensatory mechanism for daily activities instead of pathological synkinesia.
The Nrf-2/HO-1 Signaling Axis: A Ray of Hope in Cardiovascular Diseases

Cardiovascular disease, which can lead to angina and shortness of breath, remains one of the most serious threats to human health. Owing to its imperceptible symptoms, it is difficult to determine the pathogenesis and treatment methods for cardiovascular disease. Nuclear factor erythropoietin-2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 (Nrf2/HO-1) is a protein found in all cells of the human body. It is activated, transferred to the nucleus, and bound to DNA by antioxidant response elements (AREs). As a regulator of the antioxidant system, it upregulates the expression of HO-1 to reduce oxidative stress. Nrf2/HO-1 also has the ability to modulate calcium levels to prevent ferroptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, programmed cell necrosis, alkaliptosis, and clockophagy. In view of the importance of Nrf2/HO-1 in the regulation of homeostasis, this review summarizes current research on the relationship between cardiovascular disease and Nrf2/HO-1. Normal cardiovascular diseases, such as viral myocarditis and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, have been treated with Nrf2/HO-1. Rheumatic heart disease, cardiac tumors, arteriosclerosis, arrhythmia, hypertensive heart disease, and myocardial infarction have also been treated during experiments. Research has demonstrated the clinical application of Nrf2/HO-1 in pediatric cardiovascular disease; further clinical trials will help elucidate the potential of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling axis.