Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Avaliação institucional externa no SINAES: considerações sobre a prática recente

Tendo como ponto de partida os principios que fundam toda avaliacao, esse artigo aborda os resultados do primeiro grupo de universidades que foram objeto da avaliacao institucional externa do Sianes, no periodo 2008 - 2009. Sao analisados procedimentos adotados para essa avaliacao como a constituicao do Basis, o instrumento de avaliacao externa e os resultados gerais obtidos pelas universidades federais e privadas que foram avaliadas com conceitos mais elevados. Outros indicadores de qualidade da educacao superior das mesmas instituicoes como a composicao do corpo docente, o numero de cursos de doutorado avaliados com conceitos mais elevados e a relacao entre alunos de graduacao e de pos-graduacao sao tambem analisados e comparados com os resultados obtidos por essas instituicoes na avaliacao institucional externa. O estudo questiona essa avaliacao institucional externa, tendo em vista o papel desempenhado por ela na producao de sentidos para as instituicoes avaliadas e na formulacao de politicas publicas.
Bone edema on magnetic resonance imaging is an independent predictor of rheumatoid arthritis development in patients with early undifferentiated arthritis.

OBJECTIVE To study magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a tool for early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in patients with early undifferentiated arthritis (UA). METHODS Patients (n = 116) without a specific rheumatologic diagnosis, but with ≥2 tender joints and/or ≥2 swollen joints among the metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, wrist, or metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints for >6 weeks but <24 months, underwent clinical, biochemical, conventional radiographic, and MRI examinations and were followed up for >12 months for the final diagnosis of RA or non-RA. Based on univariate analyses, clinical, biochemical, and imaging parameters were selected for inclusion as explanatory variables in multiple logistic regression analysis, with development of RA as the dependent variable. A prediction model was developed, and its performance was tested and compared with that of a previous model developed by van der Helm-van Mil et al (the vdHvM model). RESULTS Of the 116 patients with early UA, 27 (23.3%) developed RA. When the prediction model was applied, which included as explanatory variables presence of hand arthritis, positivity for rheumatoid factor (RF), morning stiffness lasting >1 hour, and the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Clinical Trials MRI summary score for bone edema in the MTP and wrist joints, the outcome of RA or non-RA was correctly identified in 82% of the patients (sensitivity 81%, specificity 82%). Another cutoff value for the prediction index in the model would allow a higher specificity (98%) and higher accuracy (83%), but lower sensitivity (36%). With the vdHvM model, RA/non-RA was predicted in 60.2% of the population. CONCLUSION MRI evidence of bone edema in the MTP and wrist joints is an independent predictor of future RA in patients with early UA. A prediction model that includes the variables clinical hand arthritis, morning stiffness, positivity for RF, and bone edema on MRI in the MTP and wrist joints correctly identified the development or lack of development of RA in 82% of patients.
Optimal covariance selection for estimation using graphical models

We consider a problem encountered when trying to estimate a Gaussian random field using a distributed estimation approach based on Gaussian graphical models. Because of constraints imposed by estimation tools used in Gaussian graphical models, the a priori covariance of the random field is constrained to embed conditional independence constraints among a significant number of variables. The problem is, then: given the (unconstrained) a priori covariance of the random field, and the conditional independence constraints, how should one select the constrained covariance, optimally representing the (given) a priori covariance, but also satisfying the constraints? In 1972, Dempster provided a solution, optimal in the maximum likelihood sense, to the above problem. Since then, many works have used Dempster's optimal covariance, but none has addressed the issue of suitability of this covariance for Bayesian estimation problems. We prove that Dempster's covariance is not optimal in most minimum mean squared error (MMSE) estimation problems. We also propose a method for finding the MMSE optimal covariance, and study its properties. We then illustrate the analytical results via a numerical example, that demonstrates the estimation performance advantage gained by using the optimal covariance vs Dempster's covariance. The numerical example also shows that, for the particular estimation scenario examined, Dempster's covariance violates the necessary conditions for optimality.
Extensión funcional de CluSim para tolerancia a fallos

El rendimiento de un sistema paralelo depende tanto de la configuracion de recursos de la computadora, como del tipo de aplicacion a ejecutar. Por ello, el estudio del comportamiento de aplicaciones paralelas en clusters, considerando diferentes configuraciones, permitiria establecer que configuracion resulta mas adecuada de acuerdo al tipo de aplicacion. Ademas, otro factor a considerar es la ocurrencia de fallos en el sistema paralelo y la presencia de un sistema robusto de tolerancia a fallos que mantenga disponible la aplicacion. El estudio de rendimiento de estos sistemas no es facil, ya que implica detener el cluster en funcionamiento y reconfigurar sus recursos para llevar a cabo la evaluacion de rendimiento o inyectar fallos en el cluster a fin de analizar el comportamiento del sistema tolerante a fallos; todo esto con el consecuente impacto en tiempo y costo. CluSim es un simulador de cluster para aplicaciones paralelas, basado en OMNeT++, que permite parametrizar la configuracion de un cluster de modo que sea posible evaluar y predecir el impacto en el rendimiento de diferentes configuraciones para distintos tipos de aplicaciones. En la actual linea de investigacion se pretende extender la funcionalidad del simulador CluSim para incluir aspectos de tolerancia a fallos.
Attitudes of Malaysian Teachers Toward a Performance‐Appraisal System

This study investigated the attitudes of teachers of different ethnic origins in Malaysia toward an outcome-oriented performance appraisal, the New Performance Appraisal System (NPAS). It also investigated the relationship between teachers' attitudes toward the system and their job satisfaction and professional commitment. Teachers of the major ethnic origins in Malaysia - Malays, Chinese, and Indians - were selected randomly from 6 public high schools in the state of Kedah. The study found that teachers of all ethnic origins reported less favorable attitudes toward the NPAS, and that their cultural dimension had no bearing on attitudes toward the NPAS. Teachers who received appropriate explanation and supervision of their performance, despite low performance-appraisal results, reported high levels of job satisfaction and professional commitment
Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and ischaemic heart disease: an evaluation of the evidence

Abstract Objectives: To estimate the risk of ischaemic heart disease caused by exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and to explain why the associated excess risk is almost half that of smoking 20 cigarettes per day when the exposure is only about 1% that of smoking. Design: Meta-analysis of all 19 acceptable published studies of risk of ischaemic heart disease in lifelong non-smokers who live with a smoker and in those who live with a non-smoker, five large prospective studies of smoking and ischaemic heart disease, and studies of platelet aggregation and studies of diet according to exposure to tobacco smoke. Results: The relative risk of ischaemic heart disease associated with exposure to environmental tobacco smoke was 1.30 (95% confidence interval 1.22 to 1.38) at age 65. At the same age the estimated relative risk associated with smoking one cigarette per day was similar (1.39 (1.18 to 1.64)), while for 20 per day it was 1.78 (1.31 to 2.44). Two separate analyses indicated that non-smokers who live with smokers eat a diet that places them at a 6% higher risk of ischaemic heart disease, so the direct effect of environmental tobacco smoke is to increase risk by 23% (14% to 33%), since 1.30/1.06=1.23. Platelet aggregation provides a plausible and quantitatively consistent mechanism for the low dose effect. The increase in platelet aggregation produced experimentally by exposure to environmental tobacco smoke would be expected to have acute effects increasing the risk of ischaemic heart disease by 34%. Conclusion: Breathing other people's smoke is an important and avoidable cause of ischaemic heart disease, increasing a person's risk by a quarter. Key messages Analysis of 19 epidemiological studies shows that people who have never smoked have an estimated 30% greater risk of ischaemic heart disease if they live with a smoker (P<0.001) This is surprisingly large—almost half the risk of smoking 20 cigarettes per day even though the exposure is only 1% of that of a smoker The excess risk from smoking one cigarette per day is 39%—similar to the risk in a non-smoker living with a smoker The effect is mainly explained by a non-linear dose-response relation between expsoure to tobacco smoke and risk of heart disease Detailed analysis shows no significant bias; dietary confounding can account for an excess risk of only 6%, so revising the excess risk from 30% to 23%
The transmission rate of MCMV in house mice in pens: implications for virally vectored immunocontraception

Pest mammals have severe economic, environmental and social impacts throughout the world. Fertility control could reduce these impacts. Murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) is being considered as an immunocontraceptive vector to control outbreaks of house mice (Mus domesticus) in Australian grain-growing regions. For successful control, a modified MCMVmusttransmitatasufficientratetokeeppopulationsofhousemicebelowacceptableeconomicthresholds.Weused disease models developed previously by using observations of free-ranging wild-mouse populations to assess the transmission rate of two laboratory strains of MCMV (N1 and G4) collected in a previous experiment. Mice contained in pens were deliberately infected with the N1 strain only, or with the N1 strain followed by the G4 strain. If we assume density-dependent transmission, which is the more likely mode of transmission, we found the N1 strain of MCMV transmitted at a rate ~1/300 of the rate of field strains, and hence too slowly for successful virally vectored immunocontraception (VVIC). If transmission was frequency-dependent, the rate of transmission was ~1/3 of the rate of field strains, and hence may allow successful VVIC. The G4 strain transmitted at least as slowly as the N1 strain, and possibly much more slowly; however, we could not determine whether this was an inherent property of the G4 strain or whether it was caused by competition with the N1 strain. Given the reliance of successful VVIC on rapid transmission, we recommend that future work in any VVIC system explicitly quantifies the transmission rate of recombinant viruses relative to field strains, both in the presence and absence of competing strains.
Functional morphology of the M. Gastrocnemius medialis of the rat during growth

Length‐force relations, both active and passive, and twitch contraction characteristics were quantified for left medial gastrocnemius muscles of four young, four adult, and four old male Wistar rats. Muscle and bundle optimum length and muscle weight were also determined and subsequently used for calculation of a number of morphological characteristics of the muscles. Fiber optimum length was derived from muscle bundle optimum length. Generally, physiological characteristics remained constant during growth. There was no change either in active tension at muscle optimum length or in active working range relative to fiber optimum length, relative passive fiber stiffness, active force relative to passive force at optimum length, twitch contraction time and twitch half relaxation time at optimum length. A number of morphological changes, however, did take place in the medial gastrocnemius muscle during growth. Fiber optimum length increased but only by about 2 mm from youth to old age, whereas muscle optimum length increased by approximately 14 mm, presumably owing to extensive hypertrophy of the muscle fibers during growth. The priority for force of the medial gastrocnemius muscle (defined as the quotient of physiological cross‐sectional area of a muscle and the cubed root of its volume, a measure independent of architecture and dimensions of muscles) increased during growth. This increase indicates that during growth the muscle shifts relatively more towards force generation than towards excursion generation. These findings are discussed in view of existing scaling theories.
OTX2 directly interacts with LIM1 and HNF-3beta.

Otx2 is a paired-class homeobox gene, and its functions in anterior visceral endoderm and/or anterior mesendoderm have been suggested to be vital for head development in mammals. Several transcription factors are expressed in these tissues, and mutant mice analyses have suggested the interactions of the Otx2 gene cascade with the Lim1 or HNF-3beta cascade. Here we show that OTX2 directly associates with LIM1 and HNF-3beta; OTX2 binds to the LIM1 homeodomain (HD) with its C-terminal region, whereas both HD and C-terminal regions of OTX2 bind to the HNF-3beta fork head domain or OTX2 HD. The luciferase assay with the P3C sequence, a specific DNA binding sequence for paired-class homeobox genes, has demonstrated that LIM1 enhances, but HNF-3beta represses, OTX2-directed gene expression. Direct interactions of OTX2 with LIM1 or HNF-3beta may play important roles in anterior visceral endoderm and/or anterior mesendoderm to constitute transcriptional regulatory networks for head development.
Is ‘MILD’ sleep‐disordered breathing in women really mild?

Sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB) consists of episodes of periodic obstructive or central sleep apnea and partial upper airway obstruction. The first two are well recognized and diagnosed, although still underdiagnosed. Traditionally, research in SDB has focused mainly on male patients with obstructive sleep apnea using apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) as a measure of severity. This has led to overrating of AHI as the only marker of SDB and underestimating of SDB in women. However, recently, partial upper airway obstruction has been acknowledged to be pathological and it may cause symptoms of SDB. There is a growing body of evidence that women suffer from SDB more than thought before and they especially have partial upper airway obstruction. Co‐morbidities such as cardiovascular diseases seem to be more prevalent in patients with SDB. This commentary points out some differences of SDB between genders in terms of symptoms and findings and emphasizes the clinical relevance of partial upper airway obstruction, especially in women.
The effect of neutron irradiation on Nd-Fe-B and Sm/sub 2/Co/sub 17/-based high-temperature magnets

Results from the neutron irradiation experiments show that the radiation tolerance is very high for Sm/sub 2/Co/sub 17/-type magnets and is fairly low for Nd-Fe-B-type magnets. The analyses show that the major radiation damage in permanent magnets is caused by a radiation-induced thermal spike accompanied by a localized temperature T/sub L/, and the radiation tolerance of a magnet is determined mainly by its thermal stability. The T/sub L/ value depends on the radiation intensity and the magnet composition. The thermal stability of a magnet at temperature below its Curie temperature is related to its intrinsic coercivity H/sub ci/ and its shape.
Anorexia nervosa treatments and Occam's razor

Recently, Specialist Supportive Clinical Management (SSCM) has once again been found to be equally efficacious in comparison to the Maudsley model of anorexia nervosa treatment for adults (MANTRA) and an enhanced version of cognitive behavior therapy treatment (CBT-E), even though: ‘It was hypothesized that CBT-E and MANTRA would be superior to SSCM in terms of weight gain and eating disorder psychopathology as they both focus on specific maintaining processes’ (Byrne et al. 2017, p. 2824). It is interesting to stress that in this study the developers of the specialized brand-name treatments were involved in the design and monitoring of the study, which guaranteed that the appropriate version of the treatment was used in this randomized clinical trial. It should be noted that SSCM treatment, originally a control treatment referred to as Non-specific Supportive Clinical Management (NSCM), was conceived as a placebo treatment in a randomized clinical trial to control non-specific aspects of two true psychosocial specialized treatments, cognitive behavior therapy and interpersonal psychotherapy. Contrary to the primary hypothesis of this study, both of the specialized psychotherapies were no more effective than non-specific supportive clinical management (McIntosh et al. 2005). It is difficult to justify that an originally non-specialized treatment works stubbornly as well as treatments that either target factors specific to the cognitive–interpersonal theory of the maintenance of AN (for example, in the MANTRA), or based on a broad transdiagnostic cognitive–behavioral theory of the processes maintaining eating disorder psychopathology (as in the case of the CBT-E). As shown in Table 1, when specialized treatments, regardless of their specific components, are compared with the original NSSM, or the renamed SSCM, the pattern of equivalent outcomes is the norm. Furthermore, as it was acknowledged in the randomized clinical trial comparing the MANTRA with SSCM (Lose et al. 2014) the authors declare: ‘The overlaps between MANTRA and SSCM remind us of the significance of the most basic features of any psychological treatment,
Child Murder by Depressed Parents*

Although it is common practice to try to assess the risk of suicide in depressed patients the possibility of homicidal tendencies is often overlooked. Homicidal acts are frequently directed towards children by either parents or strangers and there is also a risk that children may be killed by parents suffering from severe depressive illness. It is proposed that early recognition might lead to the prevention of this type of crime. The terms infanticide, filicide, and neonaticide are used idiosyncratically by the different authors and may therefore be confusing. Infanticide in Canada is a medicolegal term; it indicates a relationship between child murder and child birth. All other cases of child killings are designated as murder. In Canada there were 1,276 incidents of homicide over a period of five years, (19641968). Of these 141 (11 per cent) were incidents of child murder - child murder being defined as the killing of a person 16 years and under. Seventy-six (54 per cent) of these were caused by parents, 41 were mothers and 35 were fathers. The mothers killed their children only, but 40 per cent of the fathers also murdered their wives. Suicide or attempted suicide following the crime was more likely to occur in those cases where the father was the assailant. Most children killed by their parents are between one and five years of age. Sixty-five (46 per cent) of child murders were caused by non-relatives and 32 per cent of these assaulted their victims sexually, the crime occurring most frequently in the evening. The dynamics of child murder by depressed parents has been reviewed. It is proposed that a child is particularly vulnerable when a depressive illness is superimposed upon a constellation of parental factors which can be recognized and specified.
ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA ENTRE O EVA® E O BALANCED SCORECARD

Duas ferramentas tem ganho especial importância no debate sobre modelos alternativos de gestao empresarial, a saber: Economic Value Added e Balanced Scorecard. Embora ambos os modelos nao sejam conflitantes em todos os seus aspectos, merece atencao especial as diferencas de enfoque existentes e que podem contribuir para o sucesso ou fracasso da implementacao de um dos dois no contexto gerencial de uma empresa. Sem se preocupar em categorizar um modelo como melhor ou pior do que o outro, procuramos destacar os principais pontos de diferenciacao entre eles.
Energy efficient, noise immune 4×4 Vedic multiplier using semi-domino logic style

In this paper, implementation of an energy-efficient, low power, noise immune 4×4 Vedic Multiplier is proposed. The adder circuit used as building block in the multiplier unit is designed using semi-domino logic. The proposed multiplier unit has its benefits in terms of power consumption, delay, Energy-Delay-Product and UNG. This circuit exhibits a lower EDP of 2.88 Tena Micro to 27.97 Tena Micro, when compared with conventional and PTL logic circuits and hence, is the fastest. The simulation is done using Cadence Virtuoso in 90nm technology at 110° c temperature using 0.9 V supply voltage.
Oscillations dans la bande de fréquence gamma dans des modèles de rongeurs pour la schizophrénie

La schizophrenie est un trouble mental debilitant qui se caracterise par des perturbations de la pensee, des emotions et de la cognition. Ces processus d’integration fonctionnelle sont generalement associes a des oscillations bioelectriques cerebrales synchrones dans la bande de frequence gamma (30-80 Hz), lesquelles sont aussi alterees chez des patients souffrant de schizophrenie. Ce travail de these vise a developper des methodes et des outils pour etudier les mecanismes neuronaux sous-tendant les alterations de ces oscillations physiopathologiques. Pour ce faire, nous avons developpe des modeles de rongeurs de laboratoire pour la schizophrenie. Nous avons demontre que des modifications genetiques ou pharmacologiques conduisent a des perturbations des oscillations gamma et que des medicaments antipsychotiques peuvent les moduler.
[The scientific basis of cardiopulmonary and cerebral resuscitation].

A survey is given on the scientific background of cardiopulmonary-cerebral resuscitation, which supposedly will be the basis of all clinical practice in this field. Haemodynamic, respiratory, acid-base, and cerebral problems are discussed in detail. As for haemodynamics, the pathomechanisms of the conventional "heart pump" and the "thoracic pump" as background of the "New CPR" are compared, the flow being generated by a direct compression of the heart in the former and by a phasic increase of the intrathoracic pressure in the latter case. Combined effects of both modalities mainly depending on the geometry of the thoracic cage, are usually seen. Improvement of flow by modifying the criteria of thorax compression (duration, frequency, strength) is then discussed, and new methods or CPR as e.g. simultaneous/synchronous compression/respiration, Vest-CPR, MAST-CPR, abdominal compression and Cough-CPR are mentioned and their mechanisms explained. Finally, open cardiac massage is no doubt superior to all the other indirect and closed methods of cardiac resuscitation. Defibrillators and heart-lung "thumpers" are then described, mentioning the improvements in respect of automatic and semi-automatic defibrillation and the progress made by developing flexible and individually adaptable types of "thumpers". On assessing the sympathicomimetic drugs, it is evident that epinephrine is the method of choice in the acute phase of resuscitation; the pure beta-adrenergics isoprenaline and orciprenaline are not used any more, whereas the alpha-mimetics, although acutely effective similar to epinephrine, cannot produce positive long-term effects; the combination of dobutamine and dopamine seems to be ideal for establishing stable haemodynamic situations following a successful acute reanimation procedure. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)