Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Title Analysis of scattering by PEC objects in layered medium withCalderón preconditioner

Electromagnetic scattering by perfect electrically conducting (PEC) objects in a layered medium is studied in this paper. The layered medium Green’s function is adopted as the kernel of the electric field integral equation (EFIE) so that the effects from the multilayered background can be accounted for automatically. However, the spectrum of the EFIE with this kernel, is unfortunately undesirable. This leads to slow convergence of the iterative solution. To improve the convergence, the Calderón identities are derived and leveraged to precondition the EFIE. By utilizing Buffa-Christiansen (BC) basis function in discretizing the preconditioning operator, the preconditioner can be made completely multiplicative. Different numerical examples are designed to show the performance of the preconditioner. It is shown that the proposed preconditioner makes the EFIE system with layered kernel converge rapidly, independent of the discretization density.
Approach to a Child with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Review

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common and best studied disorders among the group of functional gastrointestinal disorders. It is a functional bowel disorder in which abdominal pain or discomfort is associated with defecation or a change in bowel habit. Visceral hypersensitivity and increased GIT motility are the main patho-physiological mechanism for developing IBS. IBS present with diarrhoea or constipation or both. Investigations are least needed for diagnosis of IBS rather done to exclude differential diagnosis. Diagnosis of IBS is done on the basis of Rome-III criteria. Proper counseling, dietary management, antispasmotic and antidepressant are the mainstay of treatment. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2016;2(1): 34-39
Acoustic-Structure Interaction Simulation of Differential Phase Sensor

This paper describes the methodology in the feasibility study and development of a novel biommimetic hydro-acoustic sensor by finite element method (FEM). Fluid-structure interaction of the sensor system has been studied since the motion of the sensor and that of the fluid are not independent from each other and are dictated by the fluid loading effect which has two main effects in general. Firstly, the fluid mass loads the structure meaning that the structural natural frequencies are altered due to added mass. Secondly, acoustic radiation will be provided by additional fluid medium damping. In this paper, the half-power bandwidth method is used to estimate radiation damping based on the corresponding Q value from the frequency response. In COMSOL Multiphysics Module, the Acoustic and Structural physics were used. Background acoustic pressure is used as an input to the sensor and Perfectly Matched Layer is used to simulate the unbounded boundary to avoid the standing waves.
Role of Brassinosteroid on Yield , Fruit Quality and Postharvest Storage of ‘ Tak Danehe Mashhad ’ Sweet Cherry ( Prunus avium L . )

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of brassinosteroid (BR) on yield, fruit quality and following storage of ‘Tak Danehe Mashhad’ sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). In this study evaluated applications of BR 0(control), 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 mgl-1 at different stages, a) swollen bud stage, b) beginning of fruit set, c) swollen bud stage + beginning of fruit set, d. beginning of fruit set + 10 days per-harvest during 2012-2013. Results indicated that foliar applications of BR to ‘Tak Danehe Mashhad’ sweet cherry increased fruit color by increasing fruit anthocyanin content, organic acids, ascorbic acid, and phenol content. It also resulted in greater fruit firmness at harvest and after storage and increased fruit weight, diameter and length also increased by BR foliar application. Results indicated that if BR is used at swollen bud stage as foliar application, increased fruit yield and improved fruit quality. Later and delayed applications had lower effect on fruit quality and quantity characteristics. Additionally, BR promoted yield increment, its application increased shelf life of sweet cherry fruit during postharvest, too. While, treatment pre-harvest application of BR 0.75 mgl-1 + postharvest application of BR 0.1 mgl-1 and treatment pre-harvest application of BR 0.75 mgl-1 + postharvest application of BR 0.2 mgl-1 had more effect on shelf life ‘Tak Danehe Mashhad’ sweet cherry compared to other treatments.
Transport analysis of bioreactors for the in vitro culture of ovarian tissue

Many papers have recently reported on the in vitro culture of ovarian tissue or isolated follicles. Strips of ovarian tissue have been cultured to understand the mechanisms and the hormonal requirements of the activation of primordial follicles, their growth, and development of steroidogenic capacities. Isolated follicles, encapsulated in hydrogel matrices, have been cultured to study how to promote follicle development in vitro and how to exploit the reproductive potential of cryopreserved ovarian tissue of pre-pubertal girls with premature ovarian failure or of women needing immediate cancer treatment. Culture techniques have also been proposed as in vitro models to study folliculogenesis, to screen new drugs, and for toxicological studies. Ma ny publications address the optimization of culture media and supplements provision, and of the matrices used for encapsulating ovarian tissue and follicles. Bioreactors have been proposed which are suited to the small scale of the tissue samples, varying for configuration and operation mode with the aim of enhancing and controlling transport of nutrients, oxygen and biochemical cues to tissue. The broadly differing bioreactor types and operating conditions that have been proposed suggest that the optimization of bioreactor design is often approached in empiric fashion without paying due attention to the interplay of occurring flow and mass transport phenomena and cells metabolism. In this paper, the theoretical aspects of solutes transport to cells in ovarian tissue or encapsulated follicle preparations are briefly discussed, and used for analyzing the relevant transport features of some bioreactors proposed for ovarian tissue culture. The analysis suggests that a rational and multidisciplinary approach to bioreactor design for ovarian tissue and follicle culture in vitro is highly desirable to exploit the full potential of in vitro culture techniques and to advance knowledge in the field of assisted reproduction.
Human Colon Cancer t Marks a Pathogenic Regulatory T Cell Subset in γ Expression of ROR

, 164ra159 (2012); 4 Sci Transl Med et al. Nichole R. Blatner Human Colon Cancer t Marks a Pathogenic Regulatory T Cell Subset in γ Expression of ROR Editor's Summary influence disease outcome in colon cancer. may regs T + t γ may play a role in regulating cancer inflammation. Targeting these ROR regs proinflammatory T and these ''pathogenic'' regs with inflammation and disease progression. The balance between anti-inflammatory T t, express the proinflammatory cytokine IL-17 and are directly associated γ these cells, which express Foxp3 and ROR . They then looked in a mouse model of hereditary polyposis and found that regs anti-inflammatory like more classic T that can suppress T cells but are not regs The authors found preferential expansion in human colon cancer of T human colon cancer that may explain disparate clinical outcomes between studies. ) in regs . now find a subset of regulatory T cells (T et al result in contradictory findings in different systems. Blatner seem homogeneous may actually contain subsets with different functions. Indeed, such hidden subpopulations may Some things are not what they seem. Like the allegorical wolf in sheep's clothing, cell populations that may Melting Pot reg A T
populations in blood T cells in multiple sclerosis : Relative lack of suppressive + Transcriptional characteristics of CD 4

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is hypothetically caused by autoreactive Th1 and Th17 cells, whereas Th2 and regulatory T cells may confer protection. The development of Th subpopulations is dependant on the expression of lineage-specific transcription factors. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the balance of CD4þ T cell populations in relapsing-remitting MS. Methods: Blood mRNA expression of TBX21, GATA3, RORC, FOXP3 and EBI3 was assessed in 33 patients with relapsingremitting MS and 20 healthy controls. In addition, flow cytometry was performed to assess T lymphocyte numbers. Results: In relapsing-remitting MS, diminished expression of FOXP3 (Treg) was found (p< 0.05), despite normal numbers of CD4þCD25hi Treg. Immunoregulatory EBI3 and Th2-associated GATA3 expression was also decreased in MS (p< 0.005 and p< 0.05, respectively). Expression of TBX21 (Th1) and RORC (Th17) did not differ between patients and controls. Similar changes were observed when analysing beta-interferon treated (n1⁄4 12) or untreated (n1⁄4 21) patients. Analysis of transcription factor ratios, comparing TBX21/GATA3 and RORC/FOXP3, revealed an increase in the RORC/FOXP3 ratio in patients with relapsing-remitting MS (p< 0.005). Conclusion: Our findings indicate systemic defects at the mRNA level, involving downregulation of beneficial CD4þ phenotypes. This might play a role in disease development by permitting activation of harmful T cell populations.
Biome-specific effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on the 1 photosynthetic characteristics of trees at a forest-savanna 2 boundary in Cameroon 3 4 5

1School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, UK. 10 2Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil 11 3Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Brazil 12 4Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Sciences (TESS) and School of Marine and 13 Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, Australia. 14 5School of Geography, University of Leeds, UK. 15 6College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, UK. 16
Price setting in South Africa 2001-2007 - stylised facts using consumer price micro data

Inflation, a macroeconomic variable, is underpinned by microeconomic data. This paper uses a large microdata sample at the unit level of South Africa’s Consumer Price Index (CPI) for the period 2001m12 to 2007m12 to begin to understand price setting conduct in South Africa. An understanding of price setting conduct is important since macroeconomic models, used for monetary policy, often incorporate estimates of pricing conduct. Often these estimates are not based on rigorous analysis of the underlying data. The dataset used in this paper allows for the following to be calculated: the frequency of price changes, the frequency of price increases and price decreases, findings on the magnitude of price changes, price increases and price decreases, and findings on the duration of prices, and thus provides a more accurate estimate on pricing conduct than has been previously available for South Africa. Results are presented at both an aggregate and a disaggregated level, based on the CPI’s major product categories and show the heterogeneous nature of price changes within the South African economy. These South African results are compared briefly to the results for other countries, where such micro level price data analysis has been undertaken. The study is part of a broader research effort into the implications of price setting conduct for monetary policy in South Africa, including an analysis of time- and state-dependent factors influencing the frequency and magnitude of price changes.
Productivity and Quality-Environmental Changes in Marketing Co-operatives: An Analysis on the Horticultural Sector

The object of the present paper is to analyse productivity incorporating quality-environmental changes in marketing co-operatives. Firstly, it reviews competitiveness factors in the current European agri-food market, especially in relation to the fruit and vegetables sector. Secondly, the productivity trend is studied empirically using nonparametric methods (Malmquist indices) and taking as reference panel data of Andalusian horticultural co-operatives for the period 1994-2001. For this purpose productivity is decomposed into technological change, efficiency and quality-environmental change. Additionally, the correlation of these results with other economic variables is analysed. The indicators obtained show a relevant increase in efficiency for the period under study and a high relationship between the results and product quality-environmental improvement.
potential for bias and The percentage flow-mediated dilation index : A large-sample investigation of its appropriateness

The percentage flow-mediated dilation index (FMD%) scales the increase in arterial diameter (Ddiff) as a constant proportion of baseline artery diameter (Dbase). We have demonstrated, albeit with small samples, that the scaling properties of FMD% can lead to biased inferences on endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the underlying rationale and potential bias of FMD% using a selection of new examples from the large (n = 3499) and diverse Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). In this dataset, we found that smaller values of Ddiff are associated with larger values of Dbase, which contradicts the scaling properties of FMD%. Consequently, FMD% ‘overscales’ and naturally generates an even stronger negative correlation between itself and Dbase. Using a data simulation, we show that this FMD%–Dbase correlation can be a statistical artefact due to inappropriate scaling. The new examples we present from MESA indicate that FMD% biases the differences in flow-mediated response between men and women, Framingham risk score categories, and diseased and healthy people. We demonstrate how FMD%, as an exposure for predicting cardiovascular disease, is confounded by its dependency on Dbase, which itself could be clinically important. This critical review, incorporating an allometric analysis of a large dataset, suggests that the FMD% index has a lessthan-clear rationale, can itself generate the Dbase-dependency problem, provides biased estimates of differences in the flow-mediated response, complicates the interpretation of the flow-mediated protocol and clouds the causal pathway to vascular disease. These interpretative problems can be resolved by applying accepted allometric principles to the flowmediated response.
Recombinant Human Cytomegalovirus Harboring Mutations in UL 56 and UL 54 4 Genes 5 6 Running title : Drug susceptibilities of HCMV mutants

Correspondent footnote: Guy Boivin, MD, M.Sc., FRCP 21 Centre de recherche en infectiologie 22 CHU de QuébecUniversité Laval 23 Pavillon CHUL 24 2705 Blvd Laurier, RC-709 25 Québec (Québec) 26 Canada, G1V 4G2 27 E-mail: Guy.Boivin@crchudequebec.ulaval. ca 28 AAC Accepted Manuscript Posted Online 14 August 2017 Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. doi:10.1128/AAC.01044-17 Copyright © 2017 American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
and overestimating physical activity health benefits Identifying population subgroups at risk for underestimating weight health risks

People may incorrectly perceive that their body weight or Physical Activity (PA) meets health recommendations; this provides an obstacle for change. In this study self-reported BMI and PA were assessed in relation to questions regarding perception of meeting weight and PA recommendations. Signal detection analysis was used to identify population subgroups. Study outcomes showed that 34.4 per cent of the 2535 adult participants underestimated weight health risks; low income, male participants who believed they were sufficiently active underestimated weight health risks the most (52.6%). A total of 23.7 per cent of participants overestimated PA health benefits; older age, low educated participants who did not believe their body weight was a health risk overestimated PA health benefits the most (58.3%). In conclusion, as weight and PA misperceptions are high, efforts are needed to reduce these misperceptions, so that behaviour change initiatives can be more effective.
Variations in Mimosine Content Among Leucaena Species and Related Mimosaceae 1

STRAINS of the genus Leucaena. (Mimosaceae) serve as high protein forage and shade plants throughout the tropics. A major limitation to their cultivation is provided by the alkaloid, mimosine, which causes several toxic symptoms in animals, including loss of hair in nonruminants and reduced egg production in poultry. A world collection of Leucaena strains has been assembled in Hawaii to facilitate biochemical and breeding studies aimed at the production of low mimosine or mimosineless forms. This report summarizes the results of mimosine analyses of these strains and of related mimosaceous genera. Leucaena is a genus of subtropical and tropical woody legumes allied closely to the genus Mimosa. Central American in origin, it consists of perhaps a dozen valid species. The most widespread and important of these is L. leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit, fo rmer ly known (2) as "L. glauca", widely recognized by forage breeders as a potential "alfalfa of the tropics" (3). It is used also as a windbreak and shade plant for crops like coffee and cacao. Aggressive on soils that are not too acid, it may attain heights of 40 ft. and is dominant in the vegetation of many drier parts of the tropics. Mimosine, ft[N( 3-hydroxy-4-pyridone) ] a-aminopropionic acid, has been extracted from L. leucocephala, and was first reported from Mimosa spp. (8). The pyridone portion of the molecule has been shown to be derived biosynthetically from the amino acid, lysine (5, 6). Mimosine causes severe depilation in animals, the short tails of tropical horses usually tracing to this cause. Depilation is less evident in ruminants, due to bacterial degradation. Specific rumen bacteria have been isolated which can utilize mimosine as their sole source of carbon (6). The cultivation of Leucaena s t ra ins has been cur ta i led largely because of mimosine's deleterious effects.
multiple sclerosis-related fatigue The Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions ( FSMC ) : validation of a new instrument to assess

Fatigue symptoms are reported by a majority of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Reliable assessment, however, is a demanding issue as the symptoms are experienced subjectively and as objective assessment strategies are missing. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a new tool, the Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions (FSMC), for the assessment of MS-related cognitive and motor fatigue. A total of 309 MS patients and 147 healthy controls were included into the validation study. The FSMC was tested against several external criteria (e.g. cognition, motivation, personality and other fatigue scales). The item-analysis and validation procedure showed that the FSMC is highly sensitive and specific in detecting fatigued MS patients, that both subscales significantly differentiated between patients and controls (p< 0.01), and that internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha a> 0.91) as well as test–retest reliability (r> 0.80) were high. Cut-off values were determined to classify patients as mildly, moderately or severely fatigued. In conclusion, the FSMC is a new scale that has undergone validation based on a large sample of patients and that provides differential quantification and graduation of cognitive and motor fatigue.
The Hospital as a Multi-Product Firm: The Effect of Hospital Competition on Value-Added Indicators of Clinical Quality

There is increasing international interest in using Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) to assess health care provider performance. PROMs are a fundamental advance on existing indicators of health care quality in two respects: they equate outcomes with value added (i.e. health gain) from treatment rather than post-treatment health status, and they allow clinical quality to be measured at the level of the individual medical intervention to a far greater extent than existing failure-based indicators of quality such as mortality or readmissions. Most existing econometric studies of hospital competition and quality equate outcomes with post-treatment health status, and use mortality rates of various kinds as indicators of overall hospital performance, in spite of the fact that mortality is a relatively uncommon outcome in the spheres of hospital activity - such as elective surgery - in which competition for patients does occur. This paper contributes to the development of a value-added, multi-product conception of hospital quality by studying the impact of a major competition-promoting reform to the English NHS in 2006, in which patients were allowed to choose which hospital they attended for elective surgery, on PROMs of health gain from hip and knee replacement, groin hernia repair, and varicose vein surgery. In contrast to the existing literature, I find that the competition brought about by the introduction of patient choice of hospital may have had a negative effect on clinical quality. I put forward a theoretical framework that explains these findings, and conclude by arguing that future research should model the hospital as a multi-product firm, and capture clinical quality using value-added outcome measures.
CLUMPY GALAXIES IN CANDELS. I. THE DEFINITION OF UV CLUMPS AND THE FRACTION OF CLUMPY GALAXIES AT 0.5 < z < 3

Although giant clumps of stars are thought to be crucial to galaxy formation and evolution, the most basic demographics of clumps are still uncertain, mainly because the definition of clumps has not been thoroughly discussed. In this paper, we carry out a study of the basic demographics of clumps in star-forming galaxies at 0.5 < z < 3, using our proposed physical definition that UV-bright clumps are discrete star-forming regions that individually contribute more than 8% of the rest-frame UV light of their galaxies. Clumps defined this way are significantly brighter than the H ii regions of nearby large spiral galaxies, either individually or blended, when physical spatial resolution and cosmological dimming are considered. Under this definition, we measure the fraction of star-forming galaxies that have at least one off-center clump (fclumpy) and the contributions of clumps to the rest-frame UV light and star formation rate (SFR) of star-forming galaxies in the CANDELS/GOODS-S and UDS fields, where our mass-complete sample consists of 3239 galaxies with axial ratio q > 0.5. The redshift evolution of fclumpy changes with the stellar mass (M*) of the galaxies. Low-mass (log (M*/M☉) < 9.8) galaxies keep an almost constant fclumpy of ∼60% from z ∼ 3 to z ∼ 0.5. Intermediate-mass and massive galaxies drop their fclumpy from 55% at z ∼ 3 to 40% and 15%, respectively, at z ∼ 0.5. We find that (1) the trend of disk stabilization predicted by violent disk instability matches the fclumpy trend of massive galaxies; (2) minor mergers are a viable explanation of the fclumpy trend of intermediate-mass galaxies at z < 1.5, given a realistic observability timescale; and (3) major mergers are unlikely responsible for the fclumpy trend in all masses at z < 1.5. The clump contribution to the rest-frame UV light of star-forming galaxies shows a broad peak around galaxies with log (M*/M☉) ∼ 10.5 at all redshifts. The clump contribution in the intermediate-mass and massive galaxies is possibly linked to the molecular gas fraction of the galaxies. The clump contribution to the SFR of star-forming galaxies, generally around 4%–10%, also shows dependence on the galaxy M*, but for a given galaxy M*, its dependence on the redshift is mild.