Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of a Universal Child Care Reform on Health during Childhood – Evidence from Sweden

This paper studies the effects of a Swedish universal, public child care reform on child health outcomes. We draw on a unique set of merged population register data from the province of Skåne, Sweden, following over the period 1999–2008. It contains merged information at the individual level from the population register, the income tax register, the medical birth register and the inpatient and outpatient registers. The outpatient register contains all ambulatory care contacts including all contacts with physicians and therapists. Visits are recorded by day, and diagnoses are recorded for each visit. Despite exploiting a rather general measure of the reform impact, we additionally make use of detailed information on household-specific monthly child care fee. Our results suggest that children being fully affected by the reform have better physical health at age 4–5 and 6–7, are significantly better off in terms of mental health at age 6–7. In contrast, we find negative instantaneous effects at age 2–3. The positive long term mental health benefits are mostly driven by children from low income families, and by boys, which is in line with the literature on early child interventions. The results suggest two major mechanisms, a crowding out effect of informal care and a price effect. The findings imply that the availability of affordable high quality and universal, public child care plays a crucial role for health development throughout childhood. An analysis of children’s health costs moreover provides important implications for public health expenditures. JEL classification: I12, J13, J14, C23, C25, C83
Mastitsi pathogens revisited: Mycoplasma spp.

Introduction Different Mycoplasma species, like Mycoplasma alkalescens (17%), Mycoplasma bovigenitalium (10%), Mycoplasma canadense (10%), Mycoplasma californicum (3%) and Mycoplasma bovirhinis (1%) can be cultured from milk samples, but their clinical relevance is not always clear (Fox, 2012, Gioia et al., 2016). In contrast, the role of Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) as the most frequent (78%) and most pathogenic Mycoplasma species affecting the udder is internationally well recognized (Fox, 2012, Gioia et al., 2016). In Europe the relative contribution of M. bovis is even larger, and other species, like M. bovigenitalicum and M. alkalescens are rarely detected. The reader will likely know and fear M. bovis as being responsible for occasional disastrous outbreaks of unresponsive mastitis, although this clinical mastitis is only the tip of the iceberg. For example, in the North of Belgium 5-10 clinical mastitis outbreaks associated with M. bovis occur on an annual basis, which represents 0.2% of the dairy farms in this region (MCC-Vlaanderen). In the same region, 7.1% and 24.8% of a random sample of bulk tank milk (BTM) samples was PCR or antibody-ELISA positive, respectively. However, the highest impact of M. bovis lies in calf rearing, where the pathogen causes substantial economic losses and creates an important welfare issue by inducing chronic unresponsive pneumonia, otitis and arthritis (Maunsell et al., 2011). The chronicity of M. bovis is renowned, but its contribution to acute bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is even larger, being involved in about 30% of natural BRD outbreaks in dairy calves in wintertime (Pardon et al., 2020). In production systems relying on animal purchase like the veal calf or feedlot industry, M. bovis prevalence touches nearly 100% (Caswell et al., 2010, Pardon et al., 2011).
Technographic segmentation using neural network at the Rainforest

Market segmentation is a marketing strategy practice that divides consumers into groups with varying needs and interests. This helps marketers to understand the subgroups’ need s and to tailor their marketing efforts and product offerings to meet those needs. Event marketers are no exception. Although the most frequently used technique in identifying market segment, cluster analysis, yields unstable results and cannot handle large data sets, neural networks can overcome these problems. This study proposes the development of technographic segmentation of visitors attending a music festival based on their smartphone usage and a combination of psychographic and behavioral factors. This system classifies consumers based on motivations, use patterns
Current Evidence in Age Specific Nutrition

Dr. Hatice PARS There is no other time in life when the provision of adequate and balanced nutrition is of greater importance than during infancy and childhood. The nutrition in childhood is very important for maintaining the optimal growth, gaining healthy dietary habits, and functional outcomes such as cognition and immune response, the metabolic programming of long-term health and well-being and preventing the health problems that may arise in adulthood. Some of the important problems in toddlers, preschool and school children are food allergies, atopic diseases, rejection of certain foods, child with poor appetite, caries, and obesity, whereas the problems seen in adolescence are obesity, vegetarian diets, and micro and macro nutritional deficiencies. Moreover, malnutrition is considered to be an important problem among children having chronic disease and/or hospitalized. The important problems seen in the childhood period and continuing in the adolescence are food allergies and atopic diseases. On this subject, the most current suggestions of American Academy of Pediatrics (2019) are very important. Delaying the introduction of certain allergens beyond the 7th month of life has no preventive effect and no is not recommended. The other important problems that might be seen in the childhood period are the child with poor appetite, child eating insufficiently, child eating one type of food, and child anxious about eating. The family, character, and culture have a significant effect on the child’s dietary habits. Skipping the breakfast is very frequently observed especially among the school-age children and adolescents. It was reported that skipping the breakfast is related with poor lipid profile, blood pressure levels, insulin resistance, and development of metabolic syndrome, and obesity. World Health Organization (WHO) recommends encouraging the access of children to healthy foods, and interventions aiming to decrease the high-fat, sugar, and -salt foods (HFSS) and acidic beverages by children and young individuals. There is a strong relationship between the low level of fruit and vegetable consumption together with a high level of energy intake and overweight since the age of 1. This suggests that healthy dietary habits should be initiated since the early periods. The most important education to be given is the briefing about the amounts of sugar to be consumed and the content of snacks. In year 2017, the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) published a guideline about the sugar intake of babies, children, and adolescents. Moreover, promising policies and strategies for delivering adolescent nutrition interventions include (focusing on healthy eating practices, physical activity and body image), improvements in the nutritional quality of the food supply and training and involvement of parents and teachers to successfully implement health promotion strategies and activities. Finally, the “multidisciplinary team” approach is very important; the families should be referred to a specialist dietitian and healthy diet programs should be designed.
Vertical Integration and Production

We use two very large datasets to obtain some of the first systematic micro evidence on how production in vertically integrated firms differs from that of unlinked producers in the same industries. The Economic Census lets us observe virtually every establishment in the private economy, and crucially, the organizational structures of the firms that own them. The Commodity Flow Survey microdata offer a random sample of plants’ shipments, offering an unusually comprehensive glimpse into patterns of goods flows within firms. We find that overall levels of vertical integration were relatively stable during our 1977-97 sample period, though they declined somewhat after 1987. Within industries, vertical integration is related to differences in productivity, size, and capital intensity. These differences mostly embody persistent differences in the plants that are launched by or brought into vertically integrated firms, but to some extent also reflect changes that formerly unintegrated plants experience upon integration. Matching of plant “types” appears to be important in vertical integration: the correlation in these plant-level measures is stronger in firms with vertical structures than those that are purely horizontally structured. In terms of goods flows, we find that surprisingly few shipments of upstream integrated establishments go to any other plant in their firm. Across integrated plants, the modal fraction of their value of shipments that is intra-firm is zero; the median is 2.6 percent. We interpret this evidence as suggesting that vertical integration is often about transfers of intangible inputs like managerial oversight rather than physical ones. To the extent that such intangible inputs are complementary to physical inputs, equilibrium assignment entails the allocation of the best intangible inputs across multiple establishments in vertically related product categories.
SME sectors in backward regions : Is “ small ” always “ beautiful ” ?

In the last two decades, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have drawn the attention of policy-makers as a source to promote economic growth and lower unemployment rates. This interest has been stimulated by different studies showing SMEs to be dynamic and contributing significantly to economic growth, job creation and innovation (Birch 1979, Acs and Audretsch 1987, Giaoutzi 1988, Storey 1988, Davis et al. 1996, Carree and Thurik 1999, Beck et al., 2003, Johansson 2004, Carree et al. 2007). However, the highly-developed regions or nations do not necessary exhibit higher rates of firm creation or larger SME sectors (Bosma and Harding, 2007). Thus, certain qualitative characteristics of the entrepreneurs and SMEs might explain their different contributions to economic growth and regional development.
Posturographic Analysis in the Elderly with and without sensorineural Hearing Loss

Abstract Introduction Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is a serious public health problem. Some evidence suggests a significant relationship between SNHL and balance disorders. The inability to maintain balance associated with SNHL while standing further increases the risk of falls among older people. Objective To investigate the association between SNHL on the postural balance in elderly individuals of both genders. Methods The sample consisted of 247 (166 women) physically independent elderly individuals, (mean age = 68.4 ± 6.0). The instruments used were the anamnesis and the pure tone audiometry for hearing loss, and for balance a force platform based in measures of center of pressure area and of sway velocity in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions. Results Presence of hearing loss (HL) was observed in 68% of the participants. We observed a significant association between SNHL and characteristics of balance between the groups with and without HL for center of pressure (COP) area (p = 0.010), anteroposterior velocity (p = 0.001) and mediolateral velocity (p = 0.020). There was a significant difference between the gender groups for center of pressure area (p = 0.004), anteroposterior velocity (p = 0.001) and mediolateral velocity (p = 0.001) with better performance in the female group. Amongst men, there was a difference between the ones with HL and those without it, for COP area (p = 0.049). Conclusion In the present study, elderly individuals with SNHL exhibited more instability on the postural balance, and elderly men presented worse results in the test.
CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE

In this thesis I examine the impact of educational reforms in the former Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic, which took place between 1948 and 1996, and changed the length of primary and lower secondary education. I do this by quantifying the effect the reforms had on the incomes of individuals using a regression-discontinuity design and the Mincer human capital function. I used EU SILC (Statistics on Income and Living Conditions) data for 2006-2009, and via remote access also the Structure of Earning Survey. Depending on the method used, I found zero or small positive changes in the returns to the highest achieved certificate. Furthermore, I found evidence of diminishing returns to an extra year of education.
Predictive model for fuels from hydrothermal liquefaction of municipal solid waste

Effective management of the environmental impact of municipal solid waste (MSW) is a global issue linked to urbanization and a rapid increase in the global population. Although MSW has been evaluated as possible feedstock for biofuels/energy production, prediction of possible fuel yields is difficult due to large variances in composition between different locations. Furthermore, although hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is well known for the conversion of wet waste to fuels and energy, yields and composition of products is not only dependent on operating conditions, but also the characteristics of the feedstock. In this paper, we present a simple additivity model based on compositional analysis of the feedstock to predict HTL production yields and characteristics from MSW. Garden waste, food waste, paper sludge, waste plastics, rubber and textiles were used as model individual components to represent MSW. Xylan, α-cellulose, lignin, protein, starch and fat was used as model components to represent typical biomass. An additivity model was derived, based on the characteristics of each individual component of MSW to predict fuel and energy yields from a typical landfill site. Plastics, rubber and textiles were poorly converted, but did not significantly influence HTL conversion of garden waste, food waste and paper pulp in a synthetic MSW mixture. The model showed a good fit for predicting bio-oil and biochar yields of a municipal solid waste mixtures based on compositional analysis of individual components of the mixture. Both the bio-oil and biochar models could be validated with published data. This work holds promise for developing a detailed predictive model that could be applied to any mixture containing any combination of organic components with a known compositional analysis. Prediction of HTL-based fuel/energy potential from a known site could significantly improve business case scenarios and fast track commercialization of waste-to-energy technologies.
Molecular modeling of lipid membranes with fluorescent probes

We studied biological membranes with fluorescent probes. First part of the work describes the properties of lipid bilayer consisting of DPPC (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine) and various cholesterol concentrations (5 mol % and 20 mol %). The properties are studied via the free probe – DPH (diphenylhexatriene) which is in various concentrations randomly immersed into both layers of the membrane. Second part of this work studies the properties of DOPC (dioleoylphosphatidylcholine) membrane via pyrene probes attached to 4, 6, 8, and 10 carbon atom in both acyl chains of the host lipid and compares how the membrane properties differ based on the various pyrene positions. Here we focused also on dimerization rate of pyrene probes based on their position and the relationship with lateral pressure profile.
Imagological Stereotypes in Letters and Diaries of Besieged Leningrad

The article deals with the problem of cross-cultural communication and imagological stereotypes that every nation has. It discusses their influence on the assessment of historical events. It analyses “Pryamaya rech” (Direct Speech) a documentary book created by amateur writers L. Romankov, M. Romankova engineers and physisits, L. Myasnikova – a surgeon, and the reviews of a historical book written by Boston University assosiate professor of history A. Peri, containing diaries of besieged Leningrad. The Russian belief in such principles as collectivism, generosity, self-restriction, self-control, diligence and conscientiousness is considered by foreign scholars to have been imposed by “Soviet propaganda”. Nevertheless, I argue that they became the result of theRussian nation’s evolutionary development during its long and tragic history. It is these traits of character rather than individualism, found by A. Peri in the diaries, that are more typical for Russian people and that can help to survive in historical catastrophes. I also suppose that Russian classical literature has become part and parcel of foreign hetero -stereotype image of Russia. Several intertextual links of besieged Leningrad diaries to classical Russian literature have been found by A Peri and the authors of foreign reviews.
Dilebo and Gabriel: An Overview of Factors Affecting Superdisintegrants Functionalities

Disintegrants are an essential excipients in solid oral formulations. Superdisintegrants such as croscarmellose sodium, sodium starch glycolate, crospovidone and polacrilin potassium are among excipients added in immediate release and oral dispersible tablet formulations at low concentrations to counteract effects of compression and binder after administration. Hygroscopicity of superdisintegrants facilitates permeation of water into tablet matrix and cross-linkage reduces their solubility in water. This article describes factors which could affect functionality of superdisintegrants such as molecular and physicochemical factors (degree of cross-linkage and substitution, particle size, particle porosity and impurities); formulation and process factors (solubility and hygroscopicity of fillers and/or binders, incompatibility, pH, lubricants, mode of disintegrant addition, granulation, mixer shear rate, compression pressure and reworking) and aging and storage conditions.
Role of T-lymphocytes and lymphokines

It is now widely accepted that bronchial mucosal inflammation is an important feature of the pathogenesis of asthma. Lymphocytes probably play a role in all inflammatory responses which are antigen driven, since they are the only cells which, through the CD3/antigen receptor complex, directly recognise and respond to processed antigens. Activated T-lymphocytes, through the release of lymphokines, have the capacity to control the amount and nature of inflammatory responses. Increasing evidence is accumulating that activated CD4 T-lymphocytes participate in the inflammatory reaction observed in the asthmatic bronchial mucosa, by secreting lymphokines which attract and activate eosinophils and mast cells. CD4 T-lymphocytes may be a potentially important target for glucocorticoid therapy in asthma. Further characterisation of the functional properties of these cells might allow a definition of asthma in terms of functional abnormalities at the cellular level, and may uncover variability in asthma pathogenesis according to its aetiology.
Complex Factoid Question Answering with a Free-Text Knowledge Graph

We introduce delft, a factoid question answering system which combines the nuance and depth of knowledge graph question answering approaches with the broader coverage of free-text. delft builds a free-text knowledge graph from Wikipedia, with entities as nodes and sentences in which entities co-occur as edges. For each question, delft finds the subgraph linking question entity nodes to candidates using text sentences as edges, creating a dense and high coverage semantic graph. A novel graph neural network reasons over the free-text graph—combining evidence on the nodes via information along edge sentences—to select a final answer. Experiments on three question answering datasets show delft can answer entity-rich questions better than machine reading based models, bert-based answer ranking and memory networks. delft’s advantage comes from both the high coverage of its free-text knowledge graph—more than double that of dbpedia relations—and the novel graph neural network which reasons on the rich but noisy free-text evidence.
Adaptive operating mode management model for efficient energy harvesting systems

Energy harvesting technology is becoming popular concerning efficient use of Internet of Things devices, which collect energy present in nature and use it to power themselves. Although the technology is eco-friendly, it is dependent on the vagaries of the surrounding environment; the amount of energy produced is sensitive to the weather and terrain, and intermittent power threatens the system’s stability. Thus, it is essential to collect data that can determine the circumstances of the surrounding environment. Furthermore, these systems should be designed efficiently for continuous energy harvesting. This efficiency can vary depending on the system’s configuration. Core voltage levels and frequencies typically influence efficiency. To maximize system efficiency, power management with an appropriate combination of controllable factors is necessary. We design an energy harvesting system for real-time data acquisition. We propose a methodology to guide the optimal operating power stage considering various adjustable factors for efficient operation. Also, we propose an adaptive operating power mode management model, which involves selecting the optimal operating power step and the transition to a low-power mode (LPM) during idle time. The proposed model was applied to an actual energy harvesting system to demonstrate its effectiveness and facilitated the operation of the harvesting system at low power.
Predictors of Patient-Reported Outcomes at 2 Years After Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Response

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Design of optimal quantity discounts for multi-period bilevel production planning under uncertain demands

The analysis of the quantity discount of the decentralized supply chain has been studied only for single-period planning models. This article presents the design of an optimal quantity discounts for multi-period bilevel production planning for two-echelon supply chains under demand uncertainty. In order to derive an optimal contract for multi-period production planning, the cumulative order quantity and production quantity are introduced. From our proposed model, a Stackelberg equilibrium is analytically derived for the supply chain when the supplier is the leader and the retailer is the follower. An optimal discount contract is analytically designed through the optimal solution of the centralized problem. Computational results show the effectiveness of the proposed discount contract under demand uncertainty.