Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Resveratrol–zinc combination for prostate cancer management

Zinc, an essential trace element, plays a critical role in cell signaling, and defect(s) in zinc homeostasis may contribute to adverse physiological and pathological conditions, including cancer. Zinc is present in healthy prostate at a very high concentration, where it is required for important prostatic functions. However, zinc levels are significantly diminished in cancerous tissue, and intracellular zinc level is inversely correlated with prostate cancer progression. During neoplastic transformation, zinc-accumulating, citrate-producing normal prostate cells are metabolically transformed to citrate oxidizing cells that lose the ability to accumulate zinc. Interestingly, zinc has been shown to function as chemopreventive agent against prostate cancer, albeit at high doses, which may lead to many adverse effects. Therefore, novel means to enhance bioaccumulation of sufficient zinc in prostate cells via increasing zinc transport could be useful against prostate cancer. On the basis of available evidence, we present a possibility that the grape antioxidant resveratrol, when given with zinc, may lead to retuning the zinc homeostasis in prostate, thereby abolishing or reversing malignancy. If experimentally verified in in vivo model(s) of prostate cancer, such as transgenic mouse models, this may lead to novel means toward management of prostate cancer and other conditions with compromised zinc homeostasis.
Prejudice Masquerading as Praise

Five studies demonstrate the powerful connection between being the target of a positive stereotype and expecting that one is also being ascribed negative stereotypes. In Study 1, women who heard a man state a positive stereotype were more likely to believe that he held negative stereotypes of them than women who heard no stereotype. Beliefs about being negatively stereotyped mediated the relationship between hearing a positive stereotype and believing that the stereotyper was prejudiced. Studies 2 to 4 extended these results to Asian Americans and accounted for alternative explanations (e.g., categorization threat). In Study 5, the same positive stereotype (e.g., good at math) was directed to Asian American men’s racial or gender identity. Their perceptions about whether negative racial or gender stereotypes were being applied to them depended on the identity referenced by the positive stereotype. Positive stereotypes signal a latent negativity about one’s group, thereby explaining why they can feel like prejudice.
Doctors of tomorrow: An innovative curriculum connecting underrepresented minority high school students to medical school

Background: Racial minorities continue to be underrepresented in medicine (URiM). Increasing provider diversity is an essential component of addressing disparity in health delivery and outcomes. The pool of students URiM that are competitive applicants to medical school is often limited early on by educational inequalities in primary and secondary schooling. A growing body of evidence recognizing the importance of diversifying health professions advances the need for medical schools to develop outreach collaborations with primary and secondary schools to attract URiMs. The goal of this paper is to describe and evaluate a program that seeks to create a pipeline for URiMs early in secondary schooling by connecting these students with support and resources in the medical community that may be transformative in empowering these students to be stronger university and medical school applicants. Methods: The authors described a medical student-led, action-oriented pipeline program, Doctors of Tomorrow, which connects faculty and medical students at the University of Michigan Medical School with 9th grade students at Cass Technical High School (Cass Tech) in Detroit, Michigan. The program includes a core curriculum of hands-on experiential learning, development, and presentation of a capstone project, and mentoring of 9th grade students by medical students. Cass Tech student feedback was collected using focus groups, critical incident written narratives, and individual interviews. Medical student feedback was collected reviewing monthly meeting minutes from the Doctors of Tomorrow medical student leadership. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Two strong themes emerged from the Cass Tech student feedback: (i) Personal identity and its perceived effect on goal achievement and (ii) positive affect of direct mentorship and engagement with current healthcare providers through Doctors of Tomorrow. A challenge noted by the medical students was the lack of structured curriculum beyond the 1st year of the program; however, this was complemented by their commitment to the program for continued longitudinal development. Discussion: The authors propose that development of outreach pipeline programs that are context specific, culturally relevant, and established in collaboration with community partners have the potential to provide underrepresented students with opportunities and skills early in their formative education to be competitive applicants to college and ultimately to medical school.
Spectrally resolved fluorescent lifetime imaging

Placing an imaging spectrograph or related components capable of generating a spectrum between a microscope and the image intensifier of a conventional fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) system creates a spectrally resolved FLIM (SFLIM). This arrangement provides a number of opportunities not readily available to conventional systems using bandpass filters. The examples include: simultaneous viewing of multiple fluorophores; tracking of both the donor and acceptor; and observation of a range of spectroscopic changes invisible to the conventional FLIM systems. In the frequency-domain implementation of the method, variation in the fractional contributions from different fluorophores along the wavelength dimension can behave as a surrogate for a frequency sweep or spatial variations while analysing fluorophore mixtures. This paper reviews the development of the SFLIM method, provides a theoretical and practical overview of frequency-domain SFLIM including: presentation of the data; manifestations of energy transfer; observation of multiple fluorophores; and the limits of single frequency methods.
Some Structural Features of Contextually-Defined Inversion Operators

In his analysis of the Stockhausen Klavierstiick III, David Lewin (1993, 25-30) defines and implements an inversion operator, denoted by the letter J, that resembles the inversions defined in the classical group of twelve-tone operators (TTOs), but that gives rise to a rather different mathematical structure. Example 1 shows Lewin's application of J to the opening measures of the piece. The J transformation is defined on the set class (under the usual TTO group of order 24) containing the unordered pentachordal pitch-class set P = { 2 8 9 10 11 } such that J applied to a Pform Y results in the unique P-form that: (1) is an inverted form of Y, and (2) contains the same chromatic tetrachord as Y.1 Thus, for example, J(P) preserves the chromatic tetrachord { 8 9 10 11 } and maps the pitch class 2 to its mirror image around the chromatic cluster, giving the P-form { 5 8 9 10 11 }, which Lewin calls p. Similarly, J(p) simply reverses the process, now mapping p to P, a consequence of the fact that J, like the usual inversion operators, is an involution. So with respect to P and p, J is identical to the TTO 17.2 However, consider some transposition of P, say T3(P) = { 5 11 0 1 2 }, which Lewin denotes as P3. Now, J(P3) = {8 11 0 1 2}; in this case J is equivalent to II. Thus, the behavior of J in terms of the usual TTO inversions varies based on the particular member of the set class on which it is acting.
Modelado del sistema vocal humano y su aplicación a estudios de percepción y producción de habla

Desde el punto de vista biologico el proceso del habla puede separarse en dos etapas moduladas entre si: la produccion y la percepcion. En este trabajo nos ocupamos de ambas, concentrandonos especialmente en la primera. El sistema vocal humano esta formado por dos grandes bloques: las cuerdas vocales y el tracto vocal. Las cuerdas vocales constituyen la fuente acustica, determinando la entonacion del discurso, mientras que el contenido fonetico (los sonidos propios de la lengua) es definido por la dinamica del tracto vocal. En esta tesis presentamos un modelo completo de produccion vocal, incluyendo el estudio dinamico de un modelo detallado de cuerdas vocales y su adaptacion a un modelo de baja dimension del tracto vocal. Para evaluar la calidad de la voz sintetizada con el modelo, utilizamos una combinacion de test perceptuales y de resonancia magnetica funcional, cuyos resultados muestran que la voz sintetica es indistinguible de segmentos de voz real. Los sintetizadores basados en la fisica de la produccion de voz permiten ademas el estudio de la percepcion de voz controlando parametros biologicos. En particular, en este trabajo mostramos que la identidad de la voz esta codificada en terminos de las dimensiones relativas entre las cuerdas vocales y el tracto vocal. Usamos este modelo de voz verificado experimentalmente para responder preguntas de la biolinguistica y la biomimetica. En primer lugar, investigamos el rol de la fisica del aparato vocal en la formacion de las onomatopeyas. A pesar de considerarse palabras vinculadas directamente con la imitacion, es dificil establecer que se preserva acusticamente entre los sonidos y sus onomatopeyas. Utilizamos el modelo vocal para mostrar que las configuraciones del tracto vocal que producen los sonidos mas parecidos a los originales corresponden a consonantes co-articuladas. Estos pares vocal-consonante se corresponden, ademas, con las silabas mas estables de las onomatopeyas en distintos idiomas, sugiriendo un mecanismo por el cual la imitacion vocal permite asociar sonidos simples a estructuras de habla mas complejas. Por otra parte, nos preguntamos cual es la dimensionalidad del espacio motor que gobierna la produccion de habla. Para abordar este problema disenamos un dispositivo experimental que permite monitorear tres puntos de la cavidad oral durante el discurso. Con esta herramienta, logramos una descripcion discreta para las coordenadas motoras de las vocales y consonantes oclusivas del espanol, mostrando ademas la viabilidad de controlar el modelo de produccion vocal con variables anatomicas para la sintesis de voz en tiempo real a partir de los gestos anatomicos producidos durante el habla.
Histone deacetylase inhibitor‐induced sensitization to TNFα/TRAIL‐mediated apoptosis in cervical carcinoma cells is dependent on HPV oncogene expression

Histone‐deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (HDACi) can block proliferation and induce intrinsic apoptosis in human papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive cervical carcinoma cells, independently of copy number and integration locus of the viral DNA. Using HPV18‐positive HeLa cells as model systems, we provide evidence that HDAC inhibition leads to transcriptional suppression of c‐FLIP, which negatively regulates extrinsic apoptosis by preventing the recruitment of caspase‐8 to the death‐inducing signaling complex. Consequently, HDACi pretreatment renders cervical cancer cells sensitive to TNFα and TRAIL‐induced apoptosis. Already 5‐hr incubation with TNFα or TRAIL was sufficient to eradicate more than 40% of pretreated cells, which are normally completely refractory against respective death‐ligands alone even under long‐term incubation. Ectopic expression of either short or long splicing variant of c‐FLIP, c‐FLIPs and c‐FLIPL, abrogates sensitization. Notably, combined HDACi/death ligand treatment did not result in eradication of HPV‐negative cells, despite the fact that both c‐FLIP isoforms were also downregulated. However, knocking down HPV18 E6/E7 transcription by siRNA prevents HDACi/death‐ligand mediated apoptosis, indicating that continued viral oncogene expression favors sensitization. Here, the viral oncoprotein E7 seems to play a functional role, since only HPV16 E7‐immortalized human keratinocytes underwent significant apoptosis on HDACi/TNFα treatment, whereas keratinocytes expressing only HPV16 E6 or primary keratinocytes were refractory under the same experimental conditions. Taken together, HDACi can be considered as an alternative therapeutic option in the treatment of premalignant and malignant lesions.
Influence of organic selenium supplementation on the accumulation of toxic and essential trace elements involved in the antioxidant system of chicken

The aim of the study was to investigate the interactions between selenium (Se) and various trace elements, both toxic and essential, involved in the antioxidant system. A total of 128 day-old chicks (Gallus gallus, broilers) were used to investigate the effect of Se yeast supplementation on the accumulation of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). There were four replicates of four dietary treatments: T1 (basal diet with no added Se, analyzed to contain 0.21 mg kg−1), T2 (T1 with 0.15 mg kg−1 Se added), T3 (T1 with 0.3 mg kg−1 Se) and T4 (T1 with 3.0 mg kg−1 Se). At week 4 and 6, two chickens per replicate pen were sacrificed for whole blood, breast muscle and liver sampling. Samples were analyzed by ICP–MS. Supplementation with Se-yeast, not only increased Se concentration but also reduced Cd concentration in the tissues. Selenium was negatively correlated with Cd and positively correlated with Zn, Cu and Fe. Cadmium was negatively correlated with Zn and Cu. Zinc was positively correlated with Cu. Iron was negatively correlated with Cu and uncorrelated with Zn and Cd. The balance between Se, Cu, Fe and Zn is important for proper antioxidant defense since they are an integral part of various antioxidant enzymes.
A CMOS Chopper Offset-Stabilized Opamp

In this paper, an offset-stabilized operational amplifier is described. The amplifier employs a chopper amplifier in a low frequency path to cancel the offset of a wide-bandwidth amplifier. A sample-and-hold circuit is used to reduce the chopper ripple, and the low frequency path is also offset-stabilized to further reduce the residual offset. The amplifier has less than 1.5 offset at a 16-kHz chopper frequency, a unity gain frequency of 1.3 MHz with a 50-pF load, and draws 700 from a 5-V supply. The amplifier was realized in a 0.7 CMOS process, and has an effective chip area of 3.6.
Increased low density lipoprotein degradation in aorta of irradiated mice is inhibited by preenrichment of low density lipoprotein with alpha-tocopherol.

We previously reported that upper thoracic exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) accelerates fatty streak formation in C57BL/6 mice and that such effects are inhibited by overexpression of the antioxidant enzyme CuZn-superoxide dismutase (SOD). Notably, IR-accelerated lesion formation is strictly dependent on a high fat diet (i.e., atherogenic lipoproteins) but does not involve alterations in circulating lipid or lipoprotein levels. We thus proposed that IR promotes changes in the artery wall that enhance the deposition of lipoprotein lipids. To address this hypothesis, we examined the effects of IR on aortic accumulation and degradation of low density lipoproteins (LDL). Ten-week-old C57BL/6 mice were exposed to a single (8-Gy) dose of (60)Co radiation to the upper thoracic area or were sham irradiated (controls) and were then placed on the high fat diet. Five days postexposure, the mice received either (125)I-labeled LDL ((125)I-LDL) (which was used to measure intact LDL) or (125)I-labeled tyramine cellobiose ((125)I-TC)-LDL (which was used to measure both intact and cell-degraded LDL) via tail vein injection. On the basis of trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-precipitable counts in retroorbital blood samples, > or =95% of donor LDL was cleared within 24 h and there were no differences in time-averaged plasma concentrations of the two forms of LDL among irradiated and control mice. Aortic values increased markedly within the first hour and thereafter exhibited a slow increase up to 24 h. There were no differences between irradiated and control mice at 1 h, when values primarily reflected LDL entry, but a divergence was observed thereafter. At 24 h, (125)I-TC-associated counts were 1.8-fold higher in irradiated mice (P = 0.10). In contrast, (125)I-LDL-associated counts were 30% lower in irradiated mice (P< 0.05), suggesting that most of the retained (125)I-TC was associated with LDL degradation products. Consistent with the proposed involvement of oxidative or redox-regulated events, IR-induced LDL degradation was lower in SOD-transgenic than wild-type mice (P<0.05). The importance of LDL oxidation was suggested by observations that IR-induced LDL degradation was significantly reduced by preenriching LDL with alpha-tocopherol. On the basis of these results, we propose that IR elicits SOD-inhibitable changes in the artery wall that enhance LDL oxidation and degradation leading to the deposition of LDL-borne lipids. These studies provide additional support for the role of oxidation in lipoprotein lipid deposition and atherogenesis and suggest that IR promotes an arterial environment that stimulates this process in vivo.
Accuracy of reproducing hand position when using active compared with passive movement.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Evaluating proprioception is relevant to physical rehabilitation because of its significance in motor control. One method of proprioceptive testing involves having subjects either imitate or point at a joint position or movement which was presented via a passive movement. However, as the muscle spindles are subject to central fusimotor control, the proprioceptive system may be better-tuned to movements created by active muscular contraction than to passive movements. The objective of the present study was to determine whether accuracy of reproducing hand position is dependent on whether proprioceptive input is obtained via an active or a passive movement. METHOD Thirty-nine healthy volunteers (mean age (+/- SD) 24.6 (+/- 3.6) years) participated in the study. Subjects' right hands, which were obscured from view, were acoustically guided to five targets on a digitizer tablet with either an active or passive upper extremity movement. Subjects were then asked to reproduce the targets' location by either reaching to them with the unseen hand or by use of a laser beam. Distance from target and angular deviations were calculated in both absolute and relative terms. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed for each variable followed by predetermined contrasts. RESULTS Comparison between the active and passive conditions when reconstruction of target location was guided kinaesthetically indicates significant differences in absolute distance, range and angular deviation. The comparison when reconstruction of target location was guided visually indicates significant differences in absolute distance, absolute angle and angular deviation. CONCLUSIONS The ability to reproduce hand position accurately is enhanced when position is encoded by active upper extremity movement compared with passive movement. The results have implications for the design of strategies for evaluating as well as treating patients with impaired proprioception and limited movement.
Plants as Sources of Airborne Bacteria, Including Ice Nucleation-Active Bacteria

Vertical wind shear and concentration gradients of viable, airborne bacteria were used to calculate the upward flux of viable cells above bare soil and canopies of several crops. Concentrations at soil or canopy height varied from 46 colony-forming units per m3 over young corn and wet soil to 663 colony-forming units per m3 over dry soil and 6,500 colony-forming units per m3 over a closed wheat canopy. In simultaneous samples, concentrations of viable bacteria in the air 10 m inside an alfalfa field were fourfold higher than those over a field with dry, bare soil immediately upwind. The upward flux of viable bacteria over alfalfa was three- to fourfold greater than over dry soil. Concentrations of ice nucleation-active bacteria were higher over plants than over soil. Thus, plant canopies may constitute a major source of bacteria, including ice nucleation-active bacteria, in the air.
PROBE: Periodic Random Orbiter Algorithm for Machine Learning

We present a new algorithm, which we call PROBE, to ﬁnd the minimum of a convex function. Such a minimization is important in many machine learning methods, including Support Vector Machines (SVM). We show that PROBE is a viable alternative to published algorithms for SVM learning with several important advantages. PROBE is a simple and easily programmed algorithm, with a well-deﬁned, parametrized stopping criterion; it is not limited to SVM, but can be applied to other convex loss functions, such as the Hu-ber and Maximum Entropy models; and its time and memory requirements are consistently modest in handling very large training sets.
Analysis of undetected direct path in time of arrival based UWB indoor geolocation

Accurate indoor geolocation using time-of-arrival (TOA) is seriously challenged with the occurrence of undetected direct path (UDP) conditions caused by severe multipath in indoor areas. As a result, analysis of the occurrence of UDP in indoor areas is extremely important for design and performance evaluation of the emerging indoor geolocation systems. A UDP occurs when the received signal strength of the direct path (DP) between the transmitter and the receiver falls below the detection threshold of the receiver, but the total received signal power is still above the threshold. This paper provides a novel analysis for modeling the behavior of the DP and the total received power and uses the model to calculate the probability of UDP occurrence. To verify the accuracy of the analytical model, the results are compared with the empirical UWB measurements in typical indoor areas. the UDP conditions. There is nothing available in the literature to address this issue. The only available analysis is the results of empirical measurements reported in (4), in which occasional occurrence of UDP in a typical building using a system with a bandwidth of 200MHz is studied. In this paper based on the analysis of the total received signal power described in (5) and a novel analysis for calculation of the received signal in the direct path, we show that the occurrence of UDP is inevitable. In addition, using a partitioning technique, we determine the probability of occurrence of this condition in an indoor area. We validate the results of our analysis with the empirical UWB channel measurements with 3GHz bandwidth performed in a typical indoor office area. The structure of the sections of this paper is as follows: Section I introduces the importance of UDP in indoor geolocation. Section II is about the measurement system and scenario. Section III describes the concept of UDP and its different definitions. Section IV introduces a channel model that helps calculation of probability of UDP and compares the results of the model with the UWB channel measurements. Finally section V is the conclusion. II. THE CONCEPT AND DEFINITIONS OF UDP A. Existing reports of UDP