Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Regulation of insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 concentrations in preterm fetuses.

OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to evaluate which factors regulate insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 concentrations in preterm fetuses. STUDY DESIGN We studied 76 singleton births between 25 and 36 weeks of gestation. Forty-nine pregnancies were complicated by hypertensive disease; 24 pregnancies were complicated by preterm labor or preterm rupture of membranes; and antenatal glucocorticoids were given in 49 pregnancies. Pathology reports showed infarct(s) or hematoma(s) in 31 of 69 placentas. We recorded blood gas values in umbilical artery and vein and measured glucose, C-peptide, and insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 concentrations in umbilical vein. RESULTS Birth weight correlated with umbilical vein insulin-like growth factor-I (r = 0.68, P <.0001) and inversely with insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (r = -0.26, P =.02). Babies with birth weight of </=25th percentile had lower insulin-like growth factor-I but higher insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 levels than babies at >25th percentile. Two-factor analysis of variance showed that umbilical vein insulin-like growth factor-I was determined by gestational age (P =.0004) and birth weight percentile (P <.0001), whereas insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 was not affected by gestational age. Umbilical vein C-peptide was highly correlated with insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (r = -0.55, P <.0001), but not insulin-like growth factor-I, levels. Blood gas values in umbilical artery and vein, particularly umbilical artery PO (2), were correlated with umbilical vein insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (r = 0.51 and -0.48, respectively; P <.0001); changes in insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 occurred at umbilical artery PO (2) <14.8 mm Hg. Multiple regression analysis showed that umbilical vein insulin-like growth factor-I was predicted by umbilical artery PO (2), gestational age, and the presence of placental infarcts/hematomas (R (2) of model = 0.58, P <. 0001), and umbilical vein insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 by umbilical vein C-peptide, umbilical artery PO (2), and placental infarcts/hematomas (R (2) = 0.49, P <. 0001). CONCLUSION In the preterm fetus, circulating insulin-like growth factor-I is related to gestational age and the in utero growth potential, whereas insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 is related only to the in utero growth potential. The PO (2) is a robust determinant of both insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 levels; hypoxia may restrain fetal growth through its effects on the insulin-like growth factor/insulin-like growth factor binding protein axis. Insulin is a powerful determinant of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1, but not insulin-like growth factor-I, concentrations in the preterm fetus.
State of the Art in Cloud Security

In this paper, we present an overview of existing cloud security algorithms. All these algorithms are described more or less on their own. Cloud security is a very popular task. We also explain the fundamentals of sequential rule mining. We describe today’s approaches for cloud security. From the broad variety of efficient algorithms that have been developed we will compare the most important ones. We will systematize the algorithms and analyze their performance based on both their run time performance and theoretical considerations. Their strengths and weaknesses are also investigated. It turns out that the behavior of the algorithms is much more similar as to be
iTunes : Some Observations After 500 Million Downloaded Songs

A few months after the launch of Apple’s iTunes Online Music Store (iTMS) in the United States, the Digital Media Project at the Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard Law School presented a case study of what has been described as the “pacesetter”1 in the emerging online music market.2 The report was aimed at gaining an advanced knowledge of the relationships among copyright law, contract law, digital rights management schemes, and business modeling processes in the Post-Napster world. Further, the case study expanded the knowledge base of the Digital Media Project beyond U.S. law by covering legal and regulatory frameworks of other countries. A follow-up report was released in June 2004 after Apple announced the launch of its iTMS in the U.K., France, and Germany. The second paper provided a tentative analysis of iTunes Europe against the backdrop of distinct legal and regulatory frameworks on the other side of the Atlantic.3 In the meantime, Apple’s iTunes Music Store has extended its reach, currently having stores in 20 countries4 selling more then 500 million songs worldwide—most recently, Apple has launched iTunes Music Store in Japan.5 Despite strong competition by subscription services such as RealNetwork’s Rhapsody and Yahoo! Unlimited, but also by persisting P2P file-sharing,6 iTMS has kept a leading role in the online music business with estimated market shares over 80 percent.7
A 24- $\mu \text{W}$ 12-bit 1-MS/s SAR ADC With Two-Step Decision DAC Switching in 110-nm CMOS

This paper presents an energy-efficient 12-bit successive approximation (SA) register analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for high-performance sensor systems. The ADC uses a two-step decision digital-to-analog converter (DAC) switching scheme for improving the DAC linearity with small capacitor arrays. The scheme effectively eliminates the largest binary DAC middle-code transition glitch. The proposed switching scheme also tolerates DAC settling errors during SA. Avoiding unnecessary DAC switching error improves the spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) and signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio (SNDR). A reference-scaling binary capacitor DAC is used for improving the ADC energy efficiency without sacrificing production reliability. The implemented prototype in 0.11-μ CMOS occupies an active area of 0.097 mm2. At 1 MS/s, it consumes a total power of 24 μ from a 0.9 V supply. The measured differential nonlinearity and the integral nonlinearity are 0.4 least significant bit (LSB) and 0.7 LSB, respectively. Among 50 chips, the peak measured SNDR is 68.3 dB. The peak and the average of SFDR are 89 and 83.5 dB, respectively. The optimal effective number of bits is 11 bit at the Nyquist-rate input, which is equivalent to a figure of merit of 11.7 fJ/conversion-step.
Effect of Hemodynamics on Stroke Risk in Symptomatic Atherosclerotic Vertebrobasilar Occlusive Disease.

IMPORTANCE Atherosclerotic vertebrobasilar (VB) occlusive disease is a significant etiology of posterior circulation stroke, with regional hypoperfusion as an important potential contributor to stroke risk. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that, among patients with symptomatic VB stenosis or occlusion, those with distal blood flow compromise as measured by large-vessel quantitative magnetic resonance angiography (QMRA) are at higher risk of subsequent posterior circulation stroke. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A prospective, blinded, longitudinal cohort study was conducted at 5 academic hospital-based centers in the United States and Canada; 82 patients from inpatient and outpatient settings were enrolled. Participants with recent VB transient ischemic attack or stroke and 50% or more atherosclerotic stenosis or occlusion in vertebral and/or basilar arteries underwent large-vessel flow measurement in the VB territory using QMRA. Physicians performing follow-up assessments were blinded to QMRA flow status. Follow-up included monthly telephone calls for 12 months and biannual clinical visits (for a minimum of 12 months, and up to 24 months or the final visit). Enrollment took place from July 1, 2008, to July 31, 2013, with study completion on June 30, 2014; data analysis was performed from October 1, 2014, to April 10, 2015. EXPOSURE Standard medical management of stroke risk factors. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was VB-territory stroke. RESULTS Of the 82 enrolled patients, 72 remained eligible after central review of their angiograms. Sixty-nine of 72 patients completed the minimum 12-month follow-up; median follow-up was 23 (interquartile range, 14-25) months. Distal flow status was low in 18 of the 72 participants (25%) included in the analysis and was significantly associated with risk for a subsequent VB stroke (P = .04), with 12- and 24-month event-free survival rates of 78% and 70%, respectively, in the low-flow group vs 96% and 87%, respectively, in the normal-flow group. The hazard ratio, adjusted for age and stroke risk factors, in the low distal flow status group was 11.55 (95% CI, 1.88-71.00; P = .008). Medical risk factor management at 6-month intervals was similar between patients with low and normal distal flow. Distal flow status remained significantly associated with risk even when controlling for the degree of stenosis and location. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Distal flow status determined using a noninvasive and practical imaging tool is robustly associated with risk for subsequent stroke in patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic VB occlusive disease. Identification of high-risk patients has important implications for future investigation of more aggressive interventional or medical therapies.
EVD-Based Detection for Multi-Cell Massive MIMO Network

This paper focuses on detection for multi-cell Massive MIMO network. As the column vectors are independent and identically distributed with each other, channel fast fading coefficient matrix is the eigenvector matrix for the covariance of received signal when the number of antennas at base stations (BSs) tends to infinity. Thus, we can get a set of normalized base vectors by eigenvalue decomposition of the covariance matrix for received signal. Based on this close relationship, an EVD (Eigenvalue Decomposition) based detection algorithm, which could solve the pilot contamination problem completely when the number of antennas at BS tends to infinity, is proposed. Simulation results show that the bit error rate (BER) could be reduced by two orders of magnitude when signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is 40dB, with EVD-based detection algorithm, comparing with the traditional maximum-ratio combining (MRC) detection.
The effects of disorder and interactions on the Anderson transition in doped graphene

We undertake an exact numerical study of the effects of disorder on the Anderson localization of electronic states in graphene. Analyzing the scaling behaviors of inverse participation ratio and geometrically averaged density of states, we find that the Anderson metal–insulator transition can be introduced by the presence of quenched random disorder. In contrast with the conventional picture of localization, four mobility edges can be observed for the honeycomb lattice with specific disorder strength and impurity concentration. Considering the screening effects of interactions on disorder potentials, the experimental findings of the scale enlargements of puddles can be explained by reviewing the effects of both interactions and disorder.
Wide power range operable 3-stage S-band microwave rectifier with automatic selector based on input power level

This research proposes a wide power range operable 3-stage microwave rectifier for microwave wireless power transfer systems. The proposed rectifier is fabricated and measured at S-band. The proposed rectifier system consists of three rectifiers which has different operational range. Also, the system automatically selects the appropriate rectifier based on input power level. The rectifiers utilize HEMT instead of conventional schottky diodes for future integration into MMIC of wireless communication system. We have confirmed the system has over 30dB range of input power with efficiency of over 25%. The concept of the system is effective for future microwave wireless power transfer system.
Assessment of sleep in women with night eating syndrome.

STUDY OBJECTIVES Evaluation of sleep in subjects with night eating syndrome (NES). DESIGN Polysomnographic and questionnaire comparisons between subjects with NES and controls. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Fifteen women with NES (mean +/- SD = 41 +/- 8 years) and 14 women (comparable age and weight) without NES (39 +/- 10 years) were studied in the laboratory for 3 days. INTERVENTIONS N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Subjects with NES did not differ from controls in timing of sleep onset or offset. They had less stage 2 sleep than controls (minutes, p = .012; percentage, p = .016) and less stage 3 sleep (p = .023), which contributed to their having a lower total sleep time (p = .05) and reduced sleep efficiency (p = .03). Subjects with NES did not have more awakenings than controls, but 93.3% of them ate on awakening during all 3 nights, while 92.9% of controls did not eat on any night. Logistic discriminant analyses identified a multiple sleep parameter model associated with increased likelihood of NES that had sensitivity of 84.6% and specificity of 76.9%. Patients with NES were more depressed than controls (p < .001) and reported greater sleep disturbance that included lower sleep quality (p < or = .001), reduced sleep duration (p < or = .001), and increased number of awakenings (p < or = .001). CONCLUSIONS Patients with NES appear to have sleep maintenance insomnia rather than sleep-related eating disorder or a parasomnia. The maintenance of normal timing for sleep-wake behavior in the presence of a phase delay in the timing of caloric intake suggests this disorder reflects a state of internal circadian desynchrony associated with significant sleep complaints. It remains unknown whether the sleep disturbance precedes the abnormally timed eating.
HydroxyureaTherapy in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease

Sickle cell anemia is associated with several systemic complications and life-threatening crises. The use of hydroxyurea, which increases hemoglobin F level in patients with sickle cell disease, is associated with reduction in disease severity, diminution in the frequency of veno-occlusive crises and other complications as well as improvement in the quality of life. There are specific indications for the use of hydroxyurea in patients with sickle cell disease and there are certain tools to monitor its effectiveness. Hydroxyurea has been shown to be a safe medication even on long-term administration. However, close monitoring and regular follow up of patients from clinical and laboratory sides are essential to ensure early discovery of toxicity, adherence to the prescribed treatment in addition to continued and long-lasting response to therapy. In this literature review: the complications of sickle cell anemia as well as the available therapeutic modalities will be highlighted and the role of hydroxyurea in the management of patients with the disease will be discussed thoroughly.
Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Elicits a Glycoprotein M (gM)/gN-Specific Virus-Neutralizing Antibody Response

ABSTRACT Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous human pathogen that infects 40 to 90% of adult human populations. HCMV infections are often asymptomatic in healthy individuals but can cause severe organ and life-threatening disease in immunocompromised patients. The antiviral antibody response to HCMV infection is complex and is known to include virus-neutralizing antibody production against surface glycoproteins encoded by HCMV. We have investigated the human antibody response to a complex of HCMV surface glycoproteins composed of glycoprotein M (gM)/gN, the gene products of the UL100 and UL73 open reading frames. Mouse monoclonal antibodies generated against gM/gN have previously been shown to neutralize HCMV infection of human fibroblasts in vitro. To determine whether human antibodies reactive with the gM/gN complex possess virus-neutralizing properties, we isolated human antibodies reactive with gM/gN from pooled human HCMV hyperimmune globulin by affinity purification using recombinant gM/gN. The affinity-purified human anti-gM/gN antibodies reacted specifically by immunofluorescence with HCMV-infected human fibroblasts and with cells transiently expressing gM/gN, but not with cells transfected with plasmids encoding other immunogenic HCMV proteins. The anti-gM/gN antibodies also reacted specifically only with gM/gN in immunoblot assays using lysates of transfected cells expressing specific HCMV proteins. Last, human anti-gM/gN antibodies efficiently neutralized infectious HCMV in vitro with a capacity comparable to that of human anti-gB antibodies. These data indicated that gM/gN can elicit a virus-neutralizing antibody response in humans infected with HCMV and therefore should be considered a potential candidate for inclusion in prophylactic CMV vaccines.
Problems of relative growth

This detailed study of the different rates of growth of parts of the body relative to the body as a whole represents Sir Julian Huxley's great contribution to analytical morphology, and it is still a basis for modern investigations in morphometrics and evolutionary biology. Huxley was the first to put the concept of relative growth - or allometry - upon a firm mathematical foundation, and since publication of this book in 1932, his work has been found to have greater implications than even he imagined. Problems of Relative Growth is at once a formulation of the basic principles of allometry and a survey of its many and various occurrences and applications. Examples are taken from such widely divergent areas as the development of the large claw in male fiddler-crabs, the size and number of points of deer antlers, heterogony in neuter social insects, the disproportionate growth of the human head from infancy to adulthood, and the formation of spiral shapes in certain mollusk shells and of the curved shape of the rhinoceros' horn. Starting from the fact of obvious disharmonic growth, Huxley formulates his first and fundamental law - that of the Constant Differential Growth Ratio. He then demonstrates that the distribution of growth potential occurs in an orderly and systematic way - that there are growth-gradients culminating in growth-centers. Other topics treated include multiplicative and accretionary kinds of growth, the role of hormones and mutations, and the relevance of the entire investigation to the problems of orthogenesis, recapitulation, vestigial organs, the existence of nonadaptive characters, physiological genetics, comparative physiology, and systematics. In theirintroduction to this unabridged facsimile republication of the original 1932 edition, Frederick B. Churchill and Richard E. Strauss place Huxley's work in the context of modern research in history and biology.
Protein Production by Bacillus Subtilis Atcc 21332 in the Presence of Cymbopogon Essential Oils

Proteins levels produced by bacteria may be increased in stressful surroundings, such as in the presence of antibiotics. It appears that many antimicrobial agents or antibiotics, when used at low concentrations, have in common the ability to activate or repress gene transcription, which is distinct from their inhibitory effect. There have been comparatively few studies on the potential of antibiotics or natural compounds in nature as a specific chemical signal that can trigger a variety of biological functions. Therefore, this study was focusing on the effect of essential oils from Cymbopogon flexuosus and C. nardus in regulating proteins production by Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21332. The Minimum Inhibition Concentrations (MICs) of both essential oils on B. subtilis were determined by using microdilution assay, resulting 0.2% and 1.56% for each C. flexuosus and C. nardus subsequently. The bacteria were further exposed to each essential oils at concentration of 0.01XMIC for 2 days. The proteins were then isolated and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Protein profile showed that a band with approximate size of 250 kD was appeared for the treated bacteria with essential oils. Thus, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21332 in stressful condition with the presence of essential oils at low concentration could induce the protein production. Keywords—Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21332, Cymbopogon essential oils, protein
Deficiency of Endogenous Acute Phase Serum Amyloid A Does Not Affect Atherosclerotic Lesions in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice

Objective—Although elevated plasma concentrations of serum amyloid A (SAA) are associated strongly with increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in humans, the role of SAA in the pathogenesis of lesion formation remains obscure. Our goal was to determine the impact of SAA deficiency on atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic mice. Approach and Results—Apolipoprotein E–deficient (apoE−/−) mice, either wild type or deficient in both major acute phase SAA isoforms, SAA1.1 and SAA2.1, were fed a normal rodent diet for 50 weeks. Female mice, but not male apoE−/− mice deficient in SAA1.1 and SAA2.1, had a modest increase (22%; P⩽0.05) in plasma cholesterol concentrations and a 53% increase in adipose mass compared with apoE−/− mice expressing SAA1.1 and SAA2.1 that did not affect the plasma cytokine levels or the expression of adipose tissue inflammatory markers. SAA deficiency did not affect lipoprotein cholesterol distributions or plasma triglyceride concentrations in either male or female mice. Atherosclerotic lesion areas measured on the intimal surfaces of the arch, thoracic, and abdominal regions were not significantly different between apoE−/− mice deficient in SAA1.1 and SAA2.1 and apoE−/− mice expressing SAA1.1 and SAA2.1 in either sex. To accelerate lesion formation, mice were fed a Western diet for 12 weeks. SAA deficiency had effect neither on diet-induced alterations in plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, or cytokine concentrations nor on aortic atherosclerotic lesion areas in either male or female mice. In addition, SAA deficiency in male mice had no effect on lesion areas or macrophage accumulation in the aortic roots. Conclusions—The absence of endogenous SAA1.1 and 2.1 does not affect atherosclerotic lipid deposition in apolipoprotein E–deficient mice fed either normal or Western diets.
Chemical genetics approach to hepatitis C virus replication: cyclophilin as a target for anti‐hepatitis C virus strategy

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major causative agent of liver diseases such as chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Because the current standard therapy, interferon (IFN) or pegylated‐IFN alone or in combination with ribavirin, is ineffective on approximately half of the HCV‐infected patients, alternative therapeutics are greatly needed. The chemical genetics method is a useful strategy to elucidate molecular mechanisms of the viral life cycle and screen for anti‐viral agents. This review focuses on the use of chemical genetics approach to virology, which could be called ‘chemical virology’, and introduces an example of such analysis. From a cell culture‐based screening, an immunosuppressant cyclosporin A (CsA) was identified as an anti‐HCV compound. Analysis using CsA as a bioprobe showed that cyclophilin (CyP) B, a cellular target of CsA, regulates the function of HCV RNA polymerase NS5B, which is essential for efficient viral genome replication. By targeting CyP, HCV genome replication was drastically suppressed. Thus, chemical genetics analysis identified CyPB as a cellular cofactor of HCV genome replication and a target for novel anti‐HCV agents. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.