Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine β‐hydroxylase (DBH) immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of two chondrostean fishes (Acipenser baeri and Huso huso)

To obtain a better understanding of the evolution of the brain catecholaminergic systems of fishes, we have examined the distribution of catecholamine‐synthesizing enzymes in two species of sturgeon (Acipenser baeri and Huso huso) using antibodies against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine‐β ‐hydroxylase (DBH; only analyzed in Acipenser). Both sturgeons showed TH‐immunoreactive (THir) neurons widely distributed in most regions of the brain, the highest number of THir cells being located in the forebrain (olfactory bulb, preoptic area, and posterior tuberculum). THir cells were also seen in other forebrain areas (retrobulbar area, dorsal and ventral telencephalic areas, hypothalamus, ventral thalamus, pretectal area) and in the brainstem (locus coeruleus, viscerosensory area, caudal reticular formation, and area postrema). Immunoreactive fibers and varicosities showed a wide distribution, being particularly abundant in the diencephalon and mesencephalon. DBH‐immunoreactive (DBHir) cells were observed in the anterior tuberal nucleus, where these cells were TH‐negative, and in the locus coeruleus and the caudal rhombencephalon (vagal reticular formation), where the DBHir cells were also THir. DBHir fibers were scarce in the telencephalon and very abundant in the diencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon. The comparative analysis of the catecholaminergic systems of chondrosteans and those observed in other groups of fishes and tetrapods indicate a similar organization of many nuclei, as well as characteristics that are probably primitive, such as the presence of a large number of forebrain catecholaminergic groups. J. Comp. Neurol. 448:280–297, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
C-reactive protein is a potent predictor of mortality independently of and in combination with troponin T in acute coronary syndromes: a TIMI 11A substudy. Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction.

OBJECTIVES We evaluated C-reactive protein (CRP) alone and in conjunction with a rapid qualitative assay for cardiac-specific troponin T (cTnT) for predicting 14-day mortality in patients with unstable angina or non-Q wave myocardial infarction (NQMI). BACKGROUND Elevated CRP has been found to correlate with higher risk for cardiac events in patients with coronary disease. METHODS At enrollment into the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 11A trial, a dose-ranging trial of enoxaparin for unstable angina and NQMI, serum was obtained for CRP measurement and rapid cTnT assay. RESULTS Quantitative CRP and rapid cTnT assays were performed in all patients. CRP was higher among patients who died than in survivors (7.2 vs. 13 mg/dl, p = 0.0038). The probability of a positive rapid cTnT assay rose with increasing CRP concentration (p < 0.0001). Among patients with a negative rapid cTnT assay, the mortality rate was higher among patients with CRP > or = 1.55 mg/dl (5.80% vs. 0.36%, p = 0.006). Patients with both an early positive rapid cTnT assay (< or = 10 min until assay positive) and CRP > or = 1.55 mg/dl had the highest mortality, followed by those with either CRP > or = 1.55 mg/dl or an early positive rapid cTnT assay, whereas patients with both a negative rapid cTnT assay and CRP < 1.55 mg/dl were at very low risk (9.10% vs. 4.65% vs. 0.36%, p = 0.0003). CONCLUSIONS Elevated CRP at presentation in patients with unstable angina or NQMI is correlated with increased 14-day mortality, even in patients with a negative rapid cTnT assay. Quantitative CRP and a rapid cTnT assay provide complementary information for stratifying patients with regard to mortality risk.
Lung Cancer Among Nonsmokers

A lthough lung cancer deaths among nonsmokers are often viewed as a rare event, there are 17,000 to 26,000 such deaths annually in the United States.1 This would rank them in the top 10 for deaths from cancer if they were considered a separate cancer site.2 The recent death of Dana Reeve, wife of actor Christopher Reeve and a lifelong nonsmoker, from lung cancer has generated considerable scientific and public interest in the causes of this disease among nonsmokers.3 The article by Zeka and colleagues4 in this issue focuses on the identification of occupational risk factors for lung cancer among nonsmokers. This timely article raises a number of scientific issues regarding the development of lung cancer in nonsmokers, including what we know about its etiology specifically, the contribution of occupational factors and how to identify additional risk factors.
Static modeling of continuum robots by circular elements

This paper presents a new modeling approach for continuum robotic arms. A lot of efforts have been done on modeling statics and dynamics of continuum robots, and two main methods have been developed. One is suitable for static modeling, in in-plane loadings, where the sections of a robot experiences constant moments along their length. The other method is the Theory of Cosserat rod, which gives a set of differential equations for statics and dynamics of slender flexible rods. While this method provide suitable models for statics of continuum robots, its dynamic models are not practical, in the sense of numerical calculations. The modeling approach proposed in this paper is based on dividing the robot into many circular elements. Using this approach, modeling of the statics of continuum robots will be presented. Then, the proposed model will be validated using experimental data, to show the precision of the model. Finally, the merit and potentials of this method will be discussed, in conclusion.
WIPL-D: From university software to company product

The paper shortly presents how the WIPL-D software transformed from the university software to the company product. As a result of this transformation, the company is established, retaining tight connections with the university. The paper also describes the relations between university and the company, in a symbiosis, which represents good environment for development of computational electromagnetics.
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

This article presents a narrative review covering epidemiology, physiopathology, diagnosis and treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). During the last decades, there has been a growth on the global incidence of obesity and related diseases. Among them, NASH is highlighted as a metabolic disease with varied clinical presentation, part of the spectrum of the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In some studies, NAFLD has almost 25% prevalence on select populations, being more prevalent on male and hispanic subjects. The pathogenesis of the disease is highly complex and multifactorial, mostly based on obesity, insulin resistance and genetic heritage. After diagnosis, management mostly consists of lifestyle changes, treating metabolic syndrome, use of drugs, and treatment for hepatic cirrhosis. In face of the growing of its prevalence, it is of great medical interest to seek better early detection, treatment and complication control for this disease. These complex topics demand a multidisciplinary approach.
Fish oil supplementation in pregnancy and childhood allergies

I read the article by Palmer et al. with great interest (1). The authors did a randomized placebo-controlled trial on more than seven hundred pregnant women to see whether fish oil supplementation, a rich source of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA), given from 21 weeks’ gestation until delivery will alter the cumulative incidence of IgE-mediated childhood allergic diseases. The authors could not demonstrate any significant reduction in outcome measures including eczema, asthma, allergic rhinitis and food allergy at the age of 1 or 3. One explanation put forward by the authors was a possibly inadequate dosage of n-3 LCPUFA. However, what is more essential is the compliance to treatment in both arms of the trial, regarding which the authors did not provide. As mentioned in the paper, owing to a cessation of supply of allergen extract, cow’s milk was excluded from the outcome analysis. It is an unfortunate mishap, as cow’s milk is a major source of nutrition and food allergen in childhood. In the absence of skin prick test for cow’s milk, one simply cannot get a clear picture of the prevalence of food allergy in the offspring. Furthermore, the authors have not controlled for important confounders. Firstly, there was no mention of breastfeeding in the study. Although the role of breastfeeding in determining allergic outcome in childhood remains controversial (2–5), difference in the breastfeeding rate between both groups may confound the outcome. Secondly, it is strange that dog exposure and subsequent sensitization have not been included in the analysis. A recent review suggested that dog exposure during infancy may be associated with decreased risk of allergic sensitization (6). All in all, it will be inappropriate, from what the authors have found, to conclude a lack of difference in childhood allergic diseases between both groups.
Chapter 12 Steroidal CYP 17 Inhibitors for Prostate Cancer Treatment : From Concept to Clinic

The successful application of therapeutic strategies to block the known growth stimulation property of estrogen in breast cancer, namely the aromatase (CYP19) inhibitors formestane (4-OH) and exemestane (Aromasin) [1], has paved the way for the investigation of inhibitors of other P450 enzymes that might impart the growth of hormone-dependent cancers [2]. Cy‐ tochrome P450 17α-hydroxylase,C17,20-lyase (CYP17) is at the crossroads of androgen and corticoid biosynthesis and has become a valuable target in prostate cancer (PC) treatment [3-8]. Androgens, which are produced in steroidogenic tissues, bind to the androgen recep‐ tor (AR) and initiate transcription which in turn results in the synthesis of prostate-specific proteins, as well as in cell proliferation. Systemic ablation of androgen by castration, either surgical or chemical, is highly effective in treating PC when the disease is hormone-depend‐ ent [3]. However, within 18-24 months following the onset of primary hormonal therapies, the disease becomes androgen-refractory by mechanisms in which AR-mediated signaling and gene expression is still active despite castrate androgen levels [9]. The FDA approved the combination of docetaxel (Taxotere) 1 and prednisone for the treatment of castrate-resist‐ ant PC (CRPC) which improves survival time in about 18 months [10, 11], and cabazitaxel (Jevtana) 2 [12], a novel taxane derivative, for metastatic CRPC (mCRPC) which has pro‐ gressed following docetaxel therapy (Fig. 1). The immunotherapy Sipuleucel-T (Provenge) is also approved for the treatment of asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic mCPRC. In April 2011, abiraterone acetate (Zytiga) 3 became the first steroidal CYP17 inhibitor to be ap‐ proved by the FDA for the treatment of docetaxel-resistant mCRPC (Fig. 1) [13, 14]. Follow‐ ing abirateroneacetate 3, galeterone (TOK-001) 4 (Fig. 1), another steroidal CYP17 inhibitor,
Verification of non-classical correlation in orbital angular momentum of photons without excess components

We propose a method to detect photons in superposition of orbital angular momentum (OAM) states using a hologram and path interferometer, and its application to verification of non-classical correlation in photon pairs. The method is free from excess OAM components, and a simple assumption of classical OAM correlation between the two photons removes contributions from excess components from the coincidence curve as well, even when the proposed method is used only on one of the photons.
CMUT chip with integrated temperature and pressure sensors

Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) make extremely sensitive chemical sensors in air. In this work, we demonstrate a CMUT chemical sensor chip with integrated temperature and pressure sensors. These sensors allow the measurement of multiple environmental parameters using a single chip and allow the influence of temperature and pressure on the chemical sensors to be corrected for. Additionally, the CMUTs are designed to have low charging. We demonstrate the use the temperature sensor to correct for resonance frequency variations due to temperature. With temperature correction, we measure the drift of two chemical sensors to be 19 parts per million and 59 parts per million over 12 hours. This is progress towards being able to make continuous measurements with the chemical sensor without comparing to a reference gas.
High bandwidth interconnect design opportunities in 2.5D Through-Silicon interposer (TSI)

Silicon interposer technology enables the integration of multiple silicon dies on it providing fine pitch interconnects for die-to-die communication and Through-Silicon Vias (TSVs) for package/PCB level connections. Therefore, this technology has been identified as a viable solution for logic and memory types of applications where higher bandwidth in required. In the paper, we characterize thick (t=3μm; w/s=3μm/3μm) as well as thin (t=1μm; w/s=2μm/2μm) front side die-to-die Cu interconnects along with chip-to-substrate interconnects containing Through-Silicon Vias (TSVs) and estimate the data transfer capabilities of them. Evaluation of digital signal interconnect performance shows that the maximum bandwidth requirements expected by the latest memory technologies can be achieved by the silicon interposer technologies characterised in this paper.
Responses of the geometric indices of heart rate variability to the active orthostatic test in women

OBJETIVOS: Os efeitos do teste ortostatico sobre o sistema cardiovascular ja foram investigados, mas nao ha dados sobre o comportamento dos indices geometricos de variabilidade da frequencia cardiaca. Aqui, foram avaliados os efeitos do teste ortostatico ativo nos indices geometricos de variabilidade da frequencia cardiaca em mulheres. METODO: O estudo foi realizado em 12 mulheres saudaveis com idades entre 18 e 30 anos. Para a analise da variabilidade da frequencia cardiaca, este parâmetro foi registrado batimento a batimento. Os intervalos RR foram transformados em figuras geometricas e, a partir destas, foi calculado o indice triangular, a interpolacao triangular dos intervalos RR, o SD1, SD2 e a relacao SD1/SD2, que foram obtidos a partir da plotagem de Poincare. A analise visual do grafico foi tambem realizada. Para o teste, os participantes levantaram-se rapidamente de uma posicao sentada (em 3 segundos ou menos) e permaneceram imoveis, de pe, por 15 minutos. Amostras de variacao de frequencia cardiaca foram coletadas em quatro momentos: repouso, 0-5 minutos, 5-10 minutos e 10-15 minutos a pe. RESULTADOS: O indice triangular, a interpolacao triangular dos intervalos RR, o SD1 e SD2 indices apresentaram-se reduzidos (p < 0,05) no intervalo 10-15 minutos depois de os voluntarios se levantarem. A relacao SD1/SD2 apresentou-se reduzida durante o intervalo 0-15 minutos depois dos participantes passarem a posicao ortostatica. CONCLUSAO: Os indices geometricos de variabilidade da frequencia cardiaca diminuiram em resposta ao teste ortostatico ativo em mulheres saudaveis.
Distributed privacy preserving matchmaking protocol based on dynamic interest level in mobile social networks

Making friends based on the similarity of the profile of users is becoming common in many applications of mobile social networking. A major challenge for profile matching is to ensure the privacy of personal profiles which often contain highly sensitive information related to interests, political tendency, health conditions, and so on. The existing privacy preserving matchmaking protocols select the best match among people in the proximity based on the number of common attributes. This lucks detail information to find the best match such as in which attributes of the profile the user is currently interested most. On the other hand schemes that select best match based on the interest level of the user for the attributes assumes the attributes of the users are public which cannot be applied in applications that involve sensitive information about the user. Thus in this paper we propose privacy preserving match making protocol based on the user attributes in the profile and the dynamic interest level of the user for each attribute by applying homomorphic encryption techniques. The best match selected by the initiator have greater than a minimum number of attributes the initiator interested most currently in addition to relatively having a large number of common attributes. Non common attributes of the two matches remain private. Users other than the best matches can at most get the number of common attributes and whether the sum of common attributes interest level is above the threshold. The analysis shows that our protocol is efficient with the ability to resist the semi-honest and malicious adversary. And the simulation result shows that our proposed solution out performs the existing solution in energy overhead and execution time.
Detection of SYN flooding attacks using generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) modeling technique

This paper explores a fast and effective method to detect TCP SYN flooding attack. The Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic (GARCH) model which is the most commonly used statistical modeling technique for financial time series is proposed as a new technique for Denial of service attack detection. The exponential backoff and retransmission property of TCP during timeouts is exploited in the detection mechanism. We are able to detect low as well as high intensity SYN flooding attacks by modeling the difference between SYN and SYN+ACK packets using GARCH. Our studies show that this non linear volatility model performs better than earlier models like Linear Prediction.
Consultation with a medical oncologist before surgery and type of surgery among elderly women with early-stage breast cancer.

PURPOSE Prior studies have documented variation in breast cancer treatment and care that does not follow guideline recommendations, particularly for elderly women. We assessed whether consultation with a medical oncologist before surgery was associated with use of definitive surgery, axillary node dissection, and type of surgery. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of a population-based sample of 9,630 women aged > or = 66 years diagnosed with breast cancer during 1995 to 1996. We measured the adjusted proportion visiting a medical oncologist before surgery, identified factors associated with such visits, and assessed the association between visits with a medical oncologist and use of definitive surgery (mastectomy or breast-conserving surgery with radiation v breast-conserving surgery without radiation); axillary dissection; and breast-conserving surgery versus mastectomy among women undergoing definitive surgery. RESULTS Nineteen percent of women visited a medical oncologist before surgery; these women were younger, more often had larger or more poorly differentiated cancers, had more comorbid illnesses, and were treated more often at a teaching hospital (all P <.05). Women who saw a medical oncologist before surgery were more likely than others to undergo definitive surgery (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.28; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.56) and axillary dissection (adjusted OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.19 to 1.73), but less likely to undergo breast-conserving surgery among women undergoing definitive surgery (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.75 to 0.95). CONCLUSION Elderly women who consulted with a medical oncologist before surgery were more likely to receive guideline-recommended care. Additional research is needed allow a better understanding of the quality and content of discussions that elderly women have with various providers about breast-conserving surgery and mastectomy.
Toward a better understanding of methotrexate.

More is known about the metabolism, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and clinical profile of methotrexate (MTX) than any other drug currently in use in either rheumatology or oncology. In the 56 years since Farber et al first described clinical remissions in children with acute leukemia after treatment with the folate antagonist aminopterin (1), antifolate drugs, dominated by MTX, have been used to treat millions of patients with malignant and autoimmune diseases. It is estimated that MTX is now prescribed to at least 500,000 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) worldwide, making it by far the most commonly used disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD). Indeed, MTX is prescribed for more patients with RA than are all of the biologic drugs in current use combined. It is the most commonly studied and prescribed agent used in combination with other DMARDs, where clear additive therapeutic value is demonstrated (2–8). In spite of our collective experience and success with MTX in the last 20 years, the overall level of sophistication regarding the many issues and complexities associated with its use is surprisingly thin. Dogma about maximum weekly dosages, use in the elderly, monitoring with blood tests, and when to “give up” and add other agents to an MTX regimen is often invoked without rigorous scientific support. A sound understanding of the drug’s many cellular effects is sometimes viewed as irrelevant to its use for rheumatic disease. These behaviors and philosophies are understandable, since very busy clinicians often do not have the time or resources to research every nuanced publication describing the best way to conceptualize clinical decisions regarding the use of an agent such as MTX, which is supported by an enormous and often complex literature. It is the goal of this contribution to review the major and significant concepts regarding MTX metabolism which may be relevant to the treatment of rheumatic disease, not to summarize publications about its clinical effects. It will become apparent in the course of the discussion that most of what we know about the metabolism of MTX is derived from the oncology literature. Clinicians who have become familiar with the concepts presented should be better equipped to prescribe the drug in a more effective and rational manner. In addition, emerging insights into the role of naturally occurring genetic variations in cellular pathways of MTX metabolism hold promise for predicting both efficacy and toxicity of the drug. In spite of the real and perceived gaps in our understanding of the effects of MTX, at the time of this writing it remains a cornerstone for the treatment of RA and other rheumatic conditions, now and for the foreseeable future.