Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recommended Methods to Study Resistive Switching Devices

Resistive switching (RS) is an interesting property shown by some materials systems that, especially during the last decade, has gained a lot of interest for the fabrication of electronic devices, with electronic nonvolatile memories being those that have received the most attention. The presence and quality of the RS phenomenon in a materials system can be studied using different prototype cells, performing different experiments, displaying different figures of merit, and developing different computational analyses. Therefore, the real usefulness and impact of the findings presented in each study for the RS technology will be also different. This manuscript describes the most recommendable methodologies for the fabrication, characterization, and simulation of RS devices, as well as the proper methods to display the data obtained. The idea is to help the scientific community to evaluate the real usefulness and impact of an RS study for the development of RS technology.
A MODIFIED SSG/LRR-ω REYNOLDS STRESS MODEL FOR PREDICTING BLUFF BODY AERODYNAMICS

This work focuses on a complex turbulent flow around a blunt body by predicting vortical structures, separation/re-attachment locations and velocity/turbulent kinetic energy profiles relying on a modified SSG/LRR-ω Reynolds Stress Model (RSM). The investigated physical problem is in the centre of research interest, because the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence models and Large Eddy Simulation (LES) approaches usually fail to reproduce the physically correct flow field. Due to the fact that there is lack of knowledge on the SSG/LRRhybrid RSM closure model proposed by Cecora et al. [1], therefore this work has been devoted to further investigate the overall numerical behaviour of a modified hybrid RSM approach. The advantage of these RSM closure models is to take into account the anisotropy of Reynolds stresses caused by the streamline curvature, which has importance in maintaining the quasi non-diffusive nature of turbulent vortices. The numerical model implementation has been verified through the classical test case of a turbulent flow over a flat plate at zero pressure-gradient on a sequence of nested grids. A preliminary analysis performed on this benchmark problem showed that the hybrid model is capable of predicting the near-wall turbulence in the fully-developed boundary layer with a reasonable accuracy. It has also been observed that the SSG/LRRadopts a free-stream independence feature of the specific dissipation rate from the Menters [2] k-ω SST model, thus the turbulent quantities in the near-wall exhibit almost negligible sensitivity respect to the specific dissipation rate outside of the shear layer. In this work, a modified hybrid SSG/LRR-ω RSM closure in conjunction with a simplified diffusion model has been proposed, which has been investigated through the classical cubic obstacle problem in a three-dimensional channel flow of Martinuzzi and Tropea [3]. An increased accuracy and demanding computational time have been observed by employing the modified SSG/LRR-ω formulation, which could still be advantageous, because it unifies the favourable features of two distinct differential Reynolds stress models producing accurate results in the near-wall and the shear layer regions. Csaba Klajbár, László Könözsy and Karl W. Jenkins
DETERMINATION OF CYANOBACTERIAL COMPOSITION OF EYNAL (SİMAV) HOT SPRING IN KÜTAHYA, TURKEY

Cultural and molecular approaches were used to examine the cyanobacterial composition of Eynal (Simav) hot spring in Kütahya. Water and mat samples were collected for isolation in culture, microscopic morphological examination, and molecular diversity analysis based on 16S–23S ITS region sequences. Obtained different cyanobacterial morphotypes were identified, the most abundant of which were the members of Leptolyngbya and Oscillatoria genera. Different from classical identification, molecular analyses were allowed the detection of additional genus corresponded to Synechococcus, Geitlerinema, Phormidium, and filamentous thermophilic cyanobacterium. Overall diversity and morphological/genetic variation of thermophilic cyanobacteria are not as high as described from other hot springs. The results showed a low cyanobacterial diversity of Eynal hot spring, with only 10 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) per sample obtained by a combination of strain isolations, clone libraries and DGGE (Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis) based on 16S rRNA genes.
Finish Bit-serial Multiplier Datapath Bit-serial Multiplier Datapath Bit-serial Multiplier Datapath Bit-serial Multiplier Datapath

In this paper, a new approach is proposed for designing ultra-low-power FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) system suitable for use in energy harvesting powered sensors. Bit-serial architecture is adopted to reduce the power consumption of butterfly operation. Simulation results show that, compared with state-of-the-art bit-serial and conventional parallel processors, the proposed technique is superior in terms of silicon area, power consumption, dynamic energy use due to variable precision arithmetic. A sample design of a 64-point FFT shows that the implementation can save about 40% area and 36% leakage power compared with a conventional parallel counterpart, accordingly achieving significant power benefits at a low sample rate and low voltage domain. The dynamic variation of the arithmetic precision can be achieved through a simple modification of the controller with hardware area overhead of 10% gate count.
Elemental Analysis of Ground Water from Different Regions of Punjab State (India) Using EDXRF Technique and the Sources of Water Contamination

Intake of the toxic elements through ingestion of the contaminated water has resulted in phenomenal rise in health hazards in the developing countries. Most of the drinking water schemes in the Punjab state of India are based on the ground water and the canal water. Multielemental analysis of the ground water samples from different locations at the boundary between Hoshiarpur and Nawanshahr districts, and Bathinda district of Punjab state (India) are performed. These regions are known to be contaminated by selenium and uranium, respectively. The water samples are analysed using the Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) technique. The EDXRF spectrometer consisted of an Mo-anode X-ray tube equipped with selective absorbers as an excitation source and an Si(Li) detector. The water samples from surroundings of the coal-fired thermal power plant in the city and the industrial waste water draining into Sutlej river are also analyzed to investigate the possible sources of water contamination in Bathinda. Agrochemical processes in the water- logged agricultural areas with calcareous soils and use of phosphate fertilizers are favoured sources deterioration of ground water quality in Bathinda district. Further, the minimal use of ground water is leading to accumulation of chemicals in the ground water to threatening levels.
Observations on the measurement and interpretation of clearance rate variations in suspension-feeding bivalve shellfish

Mussels Mytilus edulis (35 ± 2 mm shell length) were fed on cultured Isochrysis galbana in a flow-through system, and measures were undertaken to quantify separate effects of inflow cell concentration, outflow cell concentration, percentage reduction (i.e. recycling), and flow rate and/or feeding history on clearance rate measures (CR; l h -1 ). Findings identify the following features of physiological regulation: (1) a lag phase in the feeding response to changes in food concentration, of around 30 min; (2) a trigger level in algal cell (chlorophyll (chl) a) volume/concentration (4000 cells ml -1 , 0.5 µg l -1 chl a) below which filtering in most mussels ceases; (3) saturation reduction, or satia- tion, resulting in reduced CR and valve closure after feeding for over 2 h at 30 000 or more cells ml -1 (~6 µg l -1 chl a); and (4) at food levels between Features 2 & 3, CR increases to maximal rates (ca. 2 to 2.5 l h -1 ind. -1 or 6 to 7.5 l -1 h -1 g -1 dry weight). Our findings also help resolve uncertainties associ- ated with the measurement and interpretation of clearance rate variations. These uncertainties are associated with: differences that result from analyses of feeding responses to different components of the available seston; whether variations in seston availability are physiologically relevent; analyses of individual shellfish as compared with average responses computed for >1 ind. ; and comparisons between short-term and integrated measures. We think it is important to consider whether measures of feeding are really required per individual in real time, and we stress that population averaging and temporal integration are required for the scaling up of results when simulating ecological interrela- tions between shellfish populations and their environments.
The Association between Maxillomandibular Sagittal Relationship and Pharyngeal Airway Passage Dimensions

Objectives: To test the hypothesis that there is no association between sagittal maxillomandibular relationship and pharyngeal airway passage dimensions. Materials and methods: Lateral cephalograms of 90 subjects were used to measure the upper pharyngeal airway. The subjects were divided into three groups (each group included 30 subjects) according to ANB angle: Class III (ANB < 0.7°); Class I (ANB > 0.7° and < 4.7°); Class II (ANB > 4.7°). All lateral cephalograms were traced manually. Results: The results showed a significant reduction in the upper airway at the level of nasopharynx and oropharynx and the airway showed a tendency to decrease from Class III to Class I and Class I to Class II. Conclusion: Sagittal skeletal pattern had a close association between the pharyngeal airway passage and the dimensions of the pharyngeal airway passage. The dimensions of pharyngeal airway passage were decreased from Class III to Class I and Class I to Class II subjects.
Estimating and Mitigating Aging Effects in Routing Network of FPGAs

In this paper, we present a comprehensive analysis of the impact of aging on the interconnection network of field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and propose novel approaches to mitigate the aging effects on the routing network. We first show the insignificant impact of aging on data integrity of FPGAs, i.e., static noise margin and soft error rate of the configuration cells, as well as we show the negligible impact of the mentioned degradations on the FPGA performance. As such, we focus on the performance degradation of datapath transistors. In this regard, we propose a routing accompanied by a placement algorithm that prevents constant stress on transistors by evenly distributing the stress through the interconnection resources. By observing the impact of the signal probability on the aging of routing buffers, we enhance the synthesis flow as well as augment the proposed routing algorithm to converge the signal probabilities toward aging-friendly values. Experimental results over a set of industrial benchmarks and commerciallike FPGA architecture indicate the effectiveness of the proposed method with 64.3% reduction of stress duration in multiplexers and up to 45.2% improvement of the degradation of buffers. Altogether, the proposed method reduces the timing guardband by from 14.1% to 31.7%, depending on the FPGA routing architecture.
The Determinant and Volume of 2-Bridge Links and Alternating 3-Braids

We examine the conjecture, due to Champanerkar, Kofman, and Purcell that $\text{vol}(K) < 2 \pi \log \det (K)$ for alternating hyperbolic links, where $\text{vol}(K) = \text{vol}(S^3\backslash K)$ is the hyperbolic volume and $\det(K)$ is the determinant of $K$. We prove that the conjecture holds for 2-bridge links, alternating 3-braids, and various other infinite families. We show the conjecture holds for highly twisted links and quantify this by showing the conjecture holds when the crossing number of $K$ exceeds some function of the twist number of $K$.
Salinity and Temperature Effects on Top of Atmosphere Radiances for Case One Waters Using a Simple But Realistic Bio Optical Model

We describe our simple but realistic bio optical model which relates oceanic chlorophyll concentration to scattering matrices and absorption coefficients for chlorophyll and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM). The model itself, its advantages and limitations and its relation to other models is discussed in detail in section 1. In section 2 we discuss the effects of salinity and temperature to top of atmosphere radiance and water leaving radiance for the 11 OLCI channels from 412.5nm to 761.25nm. In the spectral region where the water bulk contributes to the top of atmosphere signal the effects of salinity and temperature are reduced roughly by a factor of 5. The importance of the chlorophyll concentration for top of atmosphere radiance decreases with increasing wavelength since the water bulk becomes more and more black and the rough ocean surface is dominating the salinity and temperature effects. We discuss two main effects of polarization in section 4. First the effects of neglecting polarization in the radiative transfer scheme and then the results for the top of atmosphere degree of polarization and their sensitivity to chlorophyll concentration and salinity changes. The effects of neglecting polarization depend strongly on direction and wavelength and can reach values of ±6%. The degree of polarization is also carrying information since it is sensitive to chlorophyll concentration and salinity but may also be an issue for radiance sensors showing probably unknown dependencies with respect to polarization. To extend the study to the complete 400nm to 1020nm wavelength regime we relied on a much simpler bio optical model which is based on a single chlorophyll absorption spectrum and a model for the concentration dependency. Using these results we show results for all covered OLCI channels and discuss the polarization effects in 400nm channel in more detail. For both the top of atmosphere radiance and the water leaving radiance we discuss the error’s if only scalar radiative transfer is used. In our discussion we neglect the effects of Raman scattering but include a discussion in section 7.
PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS ON THE NATIONAL PARK OF THE TEK TEK MOUNTAINS, ŞANLIURFA, TURKEY

Vegetation of the national park of Tek Tek Mountains under the semi-arid and cool Mediterranean climate was analyzed according to 'Braun-Blanquet approach'. The plant associations are classified by considering the characteristic features of the species. In the national park, one new association ( Ceraso tortusae - Pistacietum palaestinae ) belonging to the shrub vegetation, and two new associations ( Achilleo aleppicae - Centaureetum virgatae and Eryngietum cretico – virentis ) belonging to steppe vegetation were determined. No similarity among these associations has been identified in the study area with any others introduced before was found. Therefore, these syntaxa are new for science. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.3329/bjb.v43i1. 19742 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43 (1): 27-35, 2014 (June)
Independent Digital Predistortion Parameters Estimation Using Adaptive Principal Component Analysis

This paper presents an estimation/adaptation method based on the adaptive principal component analysis (APCA) technique to guarantee the identification of the minimum necessary parameters of a digital predistorter. The proposed estimation/adaptation technique is suitable for online field-programmable gate array or system on chip implementation. By exploiting the orthogonality of the resulting transformed matrix obtained with the APCA technique, it is possible to reduce the number of coefficients to be estimated which, at the same time, has a beneficial regularization effect by preventing ill-conditioning or overfitting problems. Therefore, this identification/adaptation method enhances the robustness of the parameter estimation and simplifies the adaptation by reducing the number of estimated coefficients. Due to the orthogonality of the new basis, these parameters can be estimated independently, thus allowing for scalability. Experimental results will show that it is possible to determine the minimum number of parameters to be estimated in order to meet the targeted linearity levels while ensuring a robust well-conditioned identification. Moreover, the results will show how thanks to the orthogonality property of the new basis functions, the coefficients of the digital predistorter can be estimated independently. This allows to tradeoff the digital predistorter adaptation time versus performance and hardware complexity.
Bootstrapping in Text Mining Applications

Text mining involves analyzing large corpora of documents with thousands of words with a high level of noise content. Dimensionality reduction, noise mitigation, accurate and stable cluster formation are principal challenges of upstream analytics. This paper proposes a methodology for dimensionality as well as noise reduction using k-fold rotation estimation. Principal Component Analysis enables selecting a reduced set of dimensions (words). The resulting noise-reduced dataset is the input to clustering algorithms. Experiments using benchmark datasets from the Brown corpus [5] and real life feedback data of a service provider show that our approach delivers improved results using the well-known performance measures: recall, precision, and F-measure [14]. We used combination of projective transforms known as principal component analysis (PCA) and visual scree plot techniques [8,6,12] for dimensionality reduction and a k-Fold rotation sampling technique [1] for noise elimination and formation of stable clusters. Experimental results with corpora of different sizes demonstrate that the approach delivers improved clustering accuracy than standard k-means clustering algorithm [2].
Protein Glycosylation in the Gastric Pathogen Helicobacter pylori

Glycosylation was previously considered to be restricted to eukaryotes; however, through advances in analytical methods, there have been increasing reports of both O-linked and N-linked protein glycosylation pathways in bacteria, particularly amongst mucosal-associated pathogens. The purpose of this study was to detect the glycosylated proteins of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) separated by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel eEectrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis (2-DE). Protein analysis of the H. pylori strains was performed using denaturing 8% SDSPAGE. H. pylori 26695 cell proteins were also separated by 2-DE into hundreds of spots. Separated proteins of H. pylori strains by SDSPAGE and 2-DE were transferred onto the Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) membrane by semi-dry blotting. Detection of glycosylated proteins of the protein bands or spots on blotted membranes were determined by overlay reactions with Digoxigenin (DIG)-Glycan Detection and Differentation kits (Roche Diagnostics, Germany). DIG-Glycan Differentiation Kit including peanut agglutinin (PNA) lectin was utilized to further characterize the glycosidic modifications. Analysis of protein bands on a blotted membrane with DIG Glycan Detection kit after SDS-PAGE analysis gave the general pattern of glycosylated proteins of H. pylori; interestingly PA4, PR20 and P12 strains of H. pylori gave the different patterns of protein glycosylation on 8% polyacrilamide gels. Moreover, a glycosylated protein band (~54 kDa) was also detected dominantly on the outer membrane part of H. pylori. 2-DE analysis of H. pylori proteins showed about twelve clear spots indicating the O-glycosidically linked carbohydrate chains (galactose–β(1-3)-Nacetylgalactosamine) determined by PNA lectin staining of the blotted membrane. Obtained results of this study and current studies on the protein glycosylation in the gastric pathogen H. Pylori will be discussed. Effects of Fibronectins on Cell Morphology, Cell Attachment and Cell Spreading
Seed Rain in Abandoned Clearings in a Lowland Evergreen Rain Forest in Southern Thailand

Some forest restoration techniques treat remnant shrubs as competitors of newly planted tree seedlings, often clearing shrubs and weeds before trees are planted, but such plants may have significant value in attracting seed dispersers. In this study we examined the role of remnant trees and shrubs in grassland as a tool for passive and low cost ecological restoration. We determined the species density and abundance of both seed rain and its vertebrate dispersers in relation to different microhabitats (shrub-like vs. tree-like vegetation vs. grassland patches) in a 20–ha clearing of weeds mixed with early successional woody vegetation in a lowland evergreen forest in southern Thailand. We quantified seed rain from 60 seed traps placed in each microhabitat, and compared differences in seed abundance and species richness, while also examining the effect of distance from the forest edge. We found that seed rain abundance and seed species richness were significantly different among microhabitats. Seed rain was highest under shrubs, followed by under trees and then grassland, whereas seed species richness was highest under trees, followed by under shrubs, and grassland. Distance from the forest edge affected seed rain abundance under trees only. Birds (bulbuls and flowerpeckers) were the main dispersers of seeds at trees and shrubs respectively, while bats were the primary dispersers for the grassland patches. Different seed disperser groups appear to have complementary roles, such that sites containing a mixture of vegetation types including early successional vegetation may attract significantly more seed dispersers.
Large-Scale Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Early-and Intermediate-Stage Sintering of Nanocrystalline SiC

Polycrystalline silicon carbide (SiC) has tremendous potential as a lightweight structural material if its fracture toughness and tensile strength could be significantly (factor of 4) improved, which is the long-term goal of this and related research. Such a “super” ceramic would allow for two-thirds weight reduction, or more, over that of steel and aluminum for most structural applications. The potential impact on military logistics is enormous. Key to the realization of such a super ceramic is the development of appropriate SiC composite designs and the development of methods to fabricate SiC composites to meet these designs through sintering. Technologies to support SiC composite design development are addressed in a companion paperThis paper discusses research to develop sintering fabrication methods. Recently developed sintering techniques allow for the production of ceramic materials with nanocrystalline grain structures and for the incorporation of organic reinforcements in ceramic composites. Both reduction in grain size and the incorporation of tensile members have been shown to improve the fracture toughness of SiC. We are performing multi-million-atom classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of earlyand intermediate-stage Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) of nanocrystalline SiC to better understand, and then engineer, the sintering process. We have developed continuum models to predict the thermal, electric, and displacement fields inside the sintering chamber. These provide boundary and initial conditions for the MD simulations of sintering. Several mechanisms were observed during each stage of sintering consolidation, with the rate limiting mechanism dependent upon temperature, pressure and grain size. This research helps lay the technical foundation for development of a lightweight structural “super” ceramic matrix composite.