Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Influence of Bradyrhizobia inoculation on growth, nodulation and yield performance of cowpea varieties

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) has a major role in daily diet of the rural community and poor urban population, serving as a source of energy, protein and minerals, in developing countries. Its straw used for animal feed, and the crop also improves soil fertility by fixing the atmospheric nitrogen. However, its productivity is constrained by lack of improved varieties and poor agronomic practices. A field experiment was conducted at Ziway, central rift valley of Ethiopia, to evaluate the response of cowpea varieties to Bradyrhizobia inoculation. The treatment consisted of four Bradyrhizobia strains (control, GN-100, GN-102 and MB-140) and five cowpea varieties (Bole, Black eye-bean, TVU1977.0D1, Assebot and White Wonder). The experiment was carried out using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results revealed marked varietal differences in plant growth, nodulation, yield and yield components. Of the five cowpea varieties studied, Black eye-bean generally showed superior performance in most measured parameters. Bradyrhizobium inoculation significantly (p≤0.05) increased plant growth, nodulation, yield and yield components. The interaction effect of variety and Bradyrhizobium caused significant variations in the number of nodules, number of seeds, hundred seed weight and seed yield. The highest grain yield was recorded from Black eye-bean variety (3.08 t/ha) and Bradyrhizobium strain GN-102 (3.11 t/ha) inoculation. It could, thus, be deduced that the use of strain GN-102 and variety Black-eye bean markedly increases the productivity of the crop in the region. Key words: Bradyrhizobia, cowpea, nodulation, growth, yield components.
Decoding nonverbal expressions of emotion of men and women

In this experiment participants viewed 42 images of 7 different facial expressions and asked to identify the emotion associated with the expression. Participants were separated into a control group and an experimental group. Participants in the control group were shown 21 male and 21 female expressions of the following: Anger, Sadness, Happiness, Fear, Disgust, Surprise, and a Neutral expression; each presented 3 times. The experimental group was given the same procedure with the addition of phrases that accompanied the images that were either: congruent, incongruent, or unrelated to the expression. Accurately decoding the expression was measured and factors of significance in the ability to accurately decode facial expressions of emotion observed were: participant gender, picture gender, and statement congruency. The results of this study suggest that both genders more accurately decode female emotions than male emotions. The interaction of statement congruency and picture gender suggests that unrelated statements presented with male pictures decreased accuracy while unrelated statements presented with female, pictures increased decoder accuracy. Congruent and incongruent statements did not affect decoder accuracy. Participant gender differences were not significant in the ability to decode facial expressions of emotions.
Fabrication and measurement of a photonic crystal waveguide integrated with a semiconductor optical amplifier

A III-V semiconductor photonic crystal (PhC) waveguide is integrated into a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA); this has the potential to reshape pulses that are distorted and chirped on propagation through the SOA. The PhC waveguide is modeled using the three-dimensional (3D) finite difference time domain (FDTD) method initially for the ideal case of infinite depth holes, and this shows a ministop band close to 1600 nm. The PhC waveguide is then fabricated into a commercial SOA using focused ion beam etching. The optical power measured at the output of the PhC-SOA waveguide shows evidence of a ministop band but with a small stopband depth. More realistic 3D FDTD modeling including effects of finite hole depth and vertical layer structure is then shown to give much better agreement with measured results. Finally predictions are made for the performance of a membrane structure.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF DEGREE OF CONVERSION OF ETCH-AND-RINSE AND SELF-ETCH ADHESIVE SYSTEMS USING QTH AND LED LIGHT CURING UNITS – AN IN VITRO STUDY

Aim : To determine the degree of conversion of one etch-andrinse adhesive and three one-step self-etch adhesives for LED and QTH light cure units by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, immediately after curing and after one week of dry storage. Materials and Methods: A constant volume (0.01ml) of adhesive applied on the surface of the prepared KBr pellet. The adhesives were divided into 4 groups each containing 20 samples. Group I (Prime & Bond NT), Group II (Beauti Bond),Group III (Adper Easy One) and Group IV (XenoV). The samples were light cured with LED and QTH light cure units with a constant distance of 5mm from the pellet surface 10 samples per light source in each group. The degree of conversion was calculated using the formula Degree of Conversion = (1 – R cured / R uncured) X 100 Where, R is the ratio of aliphatic and aromatic peak intensities at 1639 cm-1 and 1609 cm-1 in cured and uncured BisGMA-based systems and the ratio of aliphatic and carbonyl peak intensities at 1639 cm-1 and 1720 cm-1 in non-BisGMAbased systems. Statistical analysis was performed using one way ANOVA test, followed by Post-hoc multiple comparisons by Tukey’s HSD test and paired t test. Results: LED showed higher degree of conversion than QTH unit in all the groups. Group IV (XenoV )showed the highest DC. Group I (Prime & Bond NT) (etch-andrinse) and Group III (Adper Easy One) showed no statistically significant difference in DC and Group II (Beauti Bond) the least degree of conversion. There is increase in degree of conversion after 1 week of dry storage in all the groups. Conclusions: The combination of “bonding agent and curing unit” had a significant effect on degree of conversion. The more efficient curing regime of LED unit and the better performance of one-step self-etch adhesives can be considered advantageous in clinical practice. Key-words: FTIR, LED, QTH, etch-and-rinse, self-etch, degree of conversion
Controlling Effects of Tight Reservoir Micropore Structures on Seepage Ability: A Case Study of the Upper Paleozoic of the Eastern Ordos Basin, China

In this study, the types of micropores in a reservoir are analyzed using casting thin section (CTS) observation and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) experiments. The high‐pressure mercury injection (HPMI) and constant‐rate mercury injection (CRMI) experiments are performed to study the micropore structure of the reservoir. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gas‐water relative seepage, and gas‐water two‐phase displacement studies are performed to examine the seepage ability and parameters of the reservoir, and further analyses are done to confirm the controlling effects of reservoir micropore structures on seepage ability. The experimental results show that Benxi, Taiyuan, Shanxi, and Shihezi formations in the study area are typical ultra‐low porosity and ultra‐low permeability reservoirs. Owing to compaction and later diagenetic transformation, they contain few primary pores. Secondary pores are the main pore types of reservoirs in the study area. Six main types of secondary pores are: intergranular dissolved pores, intragranular dissolved pores, lithic dissolved pores, intercrystalline dissolved pores, micropores, and microfracture. The results show that reservoirs with small pore‐throat radius, medium displacement pressure, and large differences in pore‐throat structures are present in the study area. The four types of micropore structures observed are: lower displacement pressure and fine pores with medium‐fine throats, low displacement pressure and fine micropores with fine throats, medium displacement pressure and micropores with micro‐fine throats, and high displacement pressure and micropores with micro throats. The micropore structure is complex, and the reservoir seepage ability is poor in the study areas. The movable fluid saturation, range of the gas‐water two‐phase seepage zone, and displacement types are the three parameters that well represent the reservoir seepage ability. According to the characteristic parameters of microscopic pore structure and seepage characteristics, the reservoirs in the study area are classified into four types (I–IV), and types I, II, and III are the main types observed. From type I to type IV, the displacement pressure increases, and the movable fluid saturation and gas‐water two‐phase seepage zone decrease, and the displacement type changes from the reticulation‐uniform displacement to dendritic and snake like.
First-principles study of pressure-induced phase transition in the strongly correlated compound YCrO4

An accurate full-potential density-functional method is used to study zircon-type YCrO4 as a function of pressure. The lattice parameters and oxygen positions of YCrO4 in zircon-type and scheelite-type structures are investigated in theory. It is calculated by considering the on-site Coulomb interaction that a phase transition from the zircon phase to the scheelite phase takes place at a pressure of 2.9 GPa, which is in good agreement with the experimental observation. The bulk moduli evaluated from the Murnaghan equation as the relation of the total energies with unit cell volumes are 121.61 GPa and 141.28 GPa for the zircon phase and the scheelite phase, respectively. From the spin-dependent density of states and the energy bands, it is concluded that YCrO4 is a ferromagnetic insulator with a magnetic moment of about 1 mu(B) per formula for both phases.
Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Areal Extent of the Gulf of Mexico Hypoxia from a Coupled Physical‐Biogeochemical Model: A New Implication for Management Practice

The extent of hypoxia on the Louisiana shelf has been measured during July since 1985. The measured area was assumed to represent the seasonal maximum each year and was related to the Mississippi‐Atchafalaya riverine May NO2+3 loading and May–June total nitrogen loading, for planning management strategies. In this study, we analyze 25 years of simulations from a coupled physical‐biogeochemical model. An empirical orthogonal function analysis of the hypoxia frequency reveals that the dominant pattern is east‐west, with the seasonal maximum occurring in June, July, or August. This indicates that the July hypoxic area may or may not always be the largest of the year. A simple linear regression model was constructed to examine the explained variance of hypoxia attributable to nutrients. Results reveal that the May NO2+3 (May–June total nitrogen) loading can explain 35% ± 7% (54% ± 7%) of the maximum cumulative hypoxic area in contrast to 22% ± 9% (48% ± 12%) of the July cumulative hypoxic area. Our results suggest that the current nitrogen loading reduction suggested by the Hypoxia Task Force 2013 is not sufficient to reduce the 5‐year moving average Gulf's hypoxic zone to less than 5,000 km2. A reduction of at least 66% (48%) of May NO2+3 (May–June total N) loading is needed when using July hypoxic area as the criterion, while a reduction of 77% (60%) of May NO2+3 (May–June total N) loading is needed when using maximum hypoxic area.
QUANTIFICATION OF THE HEALTH EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO AIR POLLUTION (NO2) IN TABRIZ, IRAN

QUANTIFICATION OF THE HEALTH EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO AIR POLLUTION (NO2) IN TABRIZ, IRAN / Ghozikali, Mohammad Ghanbari; Borgini, Alessandro; Tittarelli, Andrea; Amrane, Abdeltif; Naddafi, Kazem; Mohammadyan, Mahmoud; Goudarzi, Gholamreza; Bono, Roberto; Heibati, Behzad. In: FRESENIUS ENVIRONMENTAL BULLETIN. ISSN 1018-4619. 24:11C(2015), pp. 4142-4148. Original Citation: QUANTIFICATION OF THE HEALTH EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO AIR POLLUTION (NO2) IN TABRIZ, IRAN
Nonlinear Froude-Krylov force modelling for two heaving wave energy point absorbers

Most mathematical models used to assess the mo- tions of wave-energy converters are linear, which may lead to significant errors as these devices can have a strongly-nonlinear behaviour. This paper investigates the effects of nonlinearities in the computation of Froude-Krylov forces, which play a major role in the dynamics of the motion of heaving energy point- absorbers, with a focus on the influence of the device's geometry. Results show that Froude-Krylov forces nonlinearities could be negligible when the device is uncontrolled. In contrast, they become significant when control is applied to maximise motions, especially for a device whose immersed cross-sectional area varies over time: in such a case latching control parameters based on a linear model can prove to be inefficient. Furthermore, although the latching control can be adapted to the nonlinear behaviour of the device by tuning parameters accordingly, the amount of power production assessed through the linear models does not seem to be achievable. Index Terms—Wave energy, boundary element method, exci- tation force, Froude-Krylov force, nonlinear modelling
Pharmacological justification for the ethnomedical use of Clausena anisata root-bark extract in the management of epilepsy

Kenechukwu FC, Mbah CJ, Momoh MA, Chime SA, Umeyor CE and Ogbonna JDN Department of Pharmaceutics, Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria. Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.
On the relationship between trophic position, body mass and temperature: reformulating the energy limitation hypothesis

Understanding the factors that constrain and drive changes in food chain length represents an open challenge in ecology. Although several explanatory hypotheses have been proposed, no synthesis has yet been achieved. The role of body size has been well-studied in recent years because the hierarchy of trophic connections - in which large animals consume small ones - suggests a positive relationship between trophic position and body size. Empirical evidence, however, supports the existence of both positive and negative associations, and some studies have even reported no significant relationship between trophic position and body size. These results suggest that the relationship may be non-monotonic and driven by several interacting mechanisms. Here, we analyze the effects of energetic limitations and structural constraints on species' trophic positions. We show that the trophic position of small-bodied animals can be limited by their ability to consume large prey, whereas energetic limitations strongly constrain trophic positions for large-bodied animals, with the intensity of this constraint depending on the amount of energy available to top predators. These differences in limiting mechanisms can account for the observed variability in the association between the trophic position of top predators and size. Furthermore, our derivation makes use of the Metabolic theory of ecology and predicts a negative relationship between temperature and the maximum achievable food chain length, providing a mechanistic foundation for the observed reductions in food chain length with temperature.
Fetal learning: a critical review

Learning is defined as a change in behaviour that occurs as a result of experience. It is clear that the fetus can learn by means of habituation, classical conditioning and exposure learning. These types of learning will be discussed in relation to learning in the womb and the memory of learned material after birth. Furthermore, the potential function of learning prenatally is explored in terms of its relevance for perinatal development. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The interaction between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and anxiety symptoms

The interaction between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and anxiety symptoms Objective: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety disorders are commonly seen in the field of child psychiatry. Childhood ADHD and anxiety disorders are comorbid with an estimated rate of 13% to 50%. In this study, it was aimed to research anxiety symptoms and its relation with ADHD symptoms in children with ADHD. Method: Fifty children with ADHD and 49 healthy controls (aged 8-15 years) who do not have any psychiatric diagnosis were included in study. We used socio-demographic information form, Conners’ Teacher Rating Scale (CTRS), Child Behavior Checklist for 4-18 years (CBCL), The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) both parent and child report for assessing these children. The diagnosis were made with Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL). Results: The anxiety disorders comorbidity rate was 24% in ADHD group. The total scores of SCARED parent and children reports were higher in ADHD group. SCARED children report scores were higher than SCARED parent report scores in both groups. Discussion: Our results agree with the previously reported common anxiety comorbidity with ADHD and the association between attention deficit symptoms and anxiety symptoms. In our study, parents reported fewer anxiety symptoms in their children than children’s self reports. Clinicians should evaluate anxiety symptoms carefully in children with ADHD that could be unnoticed by their parents. The treatment should be determined according to the comorbidities.
IMPROVING STUDENT WRITING SKILLS IN INDONESIAN LANGUAGE LEARNING NARRATIVE WRITING MATERIALS USING WRITING PROCESS APPROACH

This research is motivated by the teacher's lack of getting students to write, and the teacher is not right in determining the approach to train students to write. While the problems that arise from students include the low ability of students to write, especially in learning to write essays. The problems are characterized by (1) the low ability of students to write stories chronologically so that they become complete essays, (2) the low ability of students to integrate relationships between sentences, and (3) the low ability of students in the use of spelling and punctuation in essays. Research methods use quantitative. this study uses a qualitative approach with classroom action research design. To obtain data in the context of research, researchers used three ways of collecting data, namely by using interviews, observation and documentation. The study was conducted for 1 month, from January 8 2018 to January 31 2018. The results of the research and discussion showed that the students' ability in writing narrative essays and student writing skills through the approach to writing process is very appropriate so that it can produce a good character.
Female Superintendent Perceptions of Challenges in Seeking and Serving in the Position of Superintendent of Schools

The purpose of the mixed method study was to identify the perceptions of challenges Minnesota female superintendents report they experienced in seeking and serving in the position of superintendent of schools, including their perception regarding school-board superintendent relations. The study used both qualitative and quantitative methods: the researcher designed the research questions based upon the underrepresentation of females in the superintendency and the literature review. Data collection included two phases: 1) a multiple-choice survey distributed to survey respondents through electronic mail; and 2) open-ended interviews conducted with four volunteer interviewees. The multiple-choice survey provided quantitative information while the open-ended response questions presented qualitative data that allowed for clarifying responses and deeper understanding of the information obtained from the multiple choice survey. Some of the survey questionnaire and interview questions were replicated in a modified version from the survey used in Catherine A. Wyland’s dissertation titled Underrepresentation of Females in the Superintendency in Minnesota. In general, there is a perception that insufficient qualified female superintendent candidates exist. Even with increasing numbers of females obtaining the licensure for superintendency, both exterior and interior barriers have limited females’ access to the top leadership position in public schools. In spite of the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) and the Office for Federal Contract Compliance Programs enforcing federal laws, such as the Equal Opportunity Employment Act, the Fair Labor Standards Act, the Equal Pay Act, and the Civil Rights Act, making it illegal to discriminate against a job applicant or an employee because of the person's race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy, gender identity, and sexual orientation), national origin, age (40 or older), disability or genetic information (Dana & Bourisaw, 2006; retrieved from https://www1.eeoc.gov). The Federal laws listed above provided an underlying framework for the study; however, stereotypes and societal norms also played a significant role in the selection of the topic of the study. Study results indicated that 51 female superintendents in Minnesota identified several barriers to seeking and obtaining the superintendent positions and that superintendent-school board relationships are generally positive but often depending on specific issues or situations.
Presence as a personal project in palliative care: transcending personality

Presence creates a space of healing and closure for patients who receive palliative care. Presence may be linked to personality, which raises the question how presence can be fostered in nurses who do not have a natural gift to “be with” patients. The idea of personal projects may offer an answer, as it is argued that such personal projects transcend personality. The personal projects of nurses in palliative care should thus be explored and aligned with presence in order for the creation of a healing space. Ways to foster presence in this manner are discussed. Correspondence to: Emmerentia du Plessis, PhD, Registered nurse, Nurse educator, Associate Professor, INSINQ Research Focus Area, School of Nursing Science, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa, Tel: 27182991876; E-mail: Emmerentia.duPlessis@nwu.ac. za