Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant activity of tropical seaweed Sargassum muticum fucoidan

Synthetic antioxidants can have toxic and carcinogenic effects, thus an alternative source of natural antioxidants is needed. Fucoidan from seaweed is a source of natural antioxidants. The objective of this research was to determine the antioxidant activity of fucoidan from Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt from Alor Island, East Nusa Tenggara. Fucoidan extraction was carried out using distilled water at 85°C. The test parameters observed included: yield, total sugar content, sulfate content, functional group analysis and antioxidant activity with Radical Scavenging Activity (RSA) of the 1,1-diphenyl2picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric Reducing Antioxidant Potential (FRAP), and reducing power methods. The results showed that the fucoidan extract from S. muticum had a yield of 3.87±0.13%, the total sugar content of 64.34±2.10% and the sulfate content of 17.72±0.92%. FTIR analysis showed that fucoidan from S. muticum had functional group similarities compared to commercial fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus. The DPPH inhibition activity of S. muticum fucoidan at concentrations of 500, 1,000, 2,000, 3,000 and 4,000 ppm was 35.67±0.96, 39.40±0.66, 42.88±1.46, 45.58±3.66, and 53.57±4.59%, respectively. The IC50 DPPH value was 3.75 ppm, and the FRAP value at a concentration of 1,000 ppm was 126.58±5.39 μM g. The antioxidant activity of S. muticum fucoidan was lower than that of vitamin C, but not significantly different from that of commercial fucoidan.
Upscaling Transport of Adsorbing Solutes in Porous Media: Pore‐Network Modeling

The main objective of this research was to enhance our understanding of and obtain quantitative relation between Darcy‐scale adsorption parameters and pore‐scale flow and adsorption parameters, using a three‐dimensional multidirectional pore‐network model. This helps to scale up from a simplified but reasonable representation of microscopic physics to the scale of interest in practical applications. This upscaling is performed in two stages: (i) from local scale to the effective pore scale and (ii) from effective pore scale to the scale of a core. The first stage of this upscaling from local scale to effective pore scale has been reported in an earlier manuscript. There, we found relationships between local‐scale parameters (such as equilibrium adsorption coefficient, kd, and Peclet number, Pe) and effective parameters (such as attachment coefficient, katt, and detachment coefficient, kdet). Here, we perform upscaling by means of a three‐dimensional multidirectional network model, which is composed of a large number of interconnected pore bodies (represented by spheres) and pore throats (represented by tubes). Upscaled transport parameters are obtained by fitting the solution of classical advectiondispersion equation with adsorption to the average concentration breakthrough curves at the outlet of the pore network. This procedure has resulted in relationships for upscaled adsorption parameters in terms of the microscale adsorption coefficient and flow velocity.
The indicator of risk of water contamination by nitrate-nitrogen

Drriven by changes in agricultural production practices, nitrogen (N) inputs have increased steadily on Canadian farms. An agro-environmental indicator was developed to monitor potential water pollution by N: indicator risk of water contamination by nitrate-nitrogen (IROWC-N). The indicator links the residual soil nitrogen (RSN) indicator to climate and soil conditions to assess the likelihood of N moving through the soil and out of the agricultural system. The results are assessed in terms of Nlost via leached water (Nlost) and its concentration in the leached water (Nconc), with the IROWC-N risk classes based on Nlost and Nconc criteria. The estimated amount of Nlost in Canada ranged from 5.1 kg N ha-1 in 1991 to 6.4 kg N ha-1 in 2001. Nconc values remained fairly constant during the 1981 to 1996 census years (ranging from 3.7 to 4.5 mg N L-1), but increased sharply (27%) to 5.7 mg N L-1 in 2001 as compared with 1996. During the 1981 to 2001 period, close to 80% of the Canadian farmland area remained in.
A comparative study for biosorption characteristics of heavy metal ions with C. vulgaris

Abstract The kinetics of biosorption of Cu(II), Zn(II), Fe(II), Cr(VI), and Pb(II) ions existing in waste water to Chlorella vulgaris, a green alga was investigated in a stirred batch reactor. In adsorption studies of afore said metal ions, optimum adsorption temperatures and initial pH values for each ion were determined as 25°C, 55°C. 25–35°C, 35–50°C. 55°C. and pH 4.0–4.5. 4.0–4.5, 1.0–2.0, 1.5–2.0, 5.0, respectively. Initial metal ion concentrations of 200 ppm gave the highest adsorption rates for most of the metal ions. Corresponding Freundlich adsorption constants and adsorption degrees were found from Freundlich adsorption isotherms which were constituted at 25°C.
Theoretische Chemie des Golds

Die besonderen Eigenschaften des Golds sind entscheidend durch relativistische Effekte bestimmt. Mittlerweile existiert eine Vielzahl zuverlassiger Rechnungen zu Goldverbindungen, deren Kernaussagen hier dargestellt werden. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf den aurophilen Wechselwirkungen in mehrkernigen Goldverbindungen.
Persistent Luminescence Beats the Afterglow: 400 Years of Persistent Luminescence

th � century,� onlyscatteredreportsare� availableonpersistentluminescence� andtheresearchrecededconsiderably� becausenoexplanationwasfoundfor� thepersistentluminescenceproduced� withoutanyevidentexcitationsource. Fromtheabove,� itmaywellbe� concludedthatpersistentluminescence� wasoneofthefirstgenresof� luminescenceeverdiscoveredand� studiedtosomescientificextent. � Despitenoexplanationbeingfound� forthepersistentluminescence,� the� applicationsweretakenintouseinthe� 20 th � century. � Luminouspaintswere� basedonpersistentluminescencefrom�
A Membrane Model For Positive Photoresist Development

The mechanism of development for positive photoresists can be described using a membrane model for the thin polymer film dissolution process instead of a simple surface-dissolution model. The model is consistent with previous findings on the factors controlling the dissolution, i.e., solubility changes due to quinone-diazide photochemistry, creation of free volume due to nitrogen gas evolution, dissolution rate effects due to cation size, and surface modification by adsorption of chemicals. One of the key reactions of the membrane model, the conversion of the phenol to a phenolate on the novolac polymer, seems to have been overlooked in previous studies. This reaction must go to completion for any dissolu-tion process to occur, and it requires a pH greater than 12.5. The membrane model will be presented and specific, supporting experiments will be discussed.
Anti-Structure Preservation Effects in Optimality Theory

The present study examines a particular kind of rule blockage – referred to below as an ‘antistructure-preservation effect’. An anti-structure-preservation effect occurs if some language has a process which is preempted from going into effect if some sequence of sounds [XY] would occur on the surface, even though other words in the language have [XY] sequences (which are underlyingly /XY/). It will be argued below that anti-structure-preservation effects can be captured in Optimality Theory in terms of a general ranking involving FAITH and MARKEDNESS constraints and that individual languages invoke a specific instantiation of this ranking. A significant point made below is that while anti-structure-preservation effects can be handled straightforwardly in terms of constraint rankings they typically require ad hoc rulespecific conditions in rule-based approaches.
2017–2018 WINTER MEETING OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR SYMBOLIC LOGIC San Diego Convention Center and Marriott Marquis San Diego Marina San Diego, CA January 12–13, 2018

s of the invited talks and contributed talks given (in person or by title) bymembers of the Association for Symbolic Logic follow. For the Program Committee Jan Reimann Abstracts of invited talkss of invited talks CAMERONDONNAY HILL, 0,1-Laws and pseudofiniteness of א0-categorical theories. Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Wesleyan University, 265 Church St., Middletown, CT 06459, USA. E-mail: cdhill@wesleyan.edu. c © 2018, Association for Symbolic Logic 1079-8986/18/2404-0005 DOI:10.1017/bsl.2018. 56
Response to Ozonation of Different Cellulose Pulp Bleaching Effluents

Ozonation of pulp bleaching effluents of Pinus radiata from the sequences C:D(90:10)/E, C:D(70:30)/E and Eucalyptus globulus from the sequences C:D(80:20)/E and D/EP/D, was studied. The influence on the reduction of color, AOX, COD and pH, of the variables pH (2–10), temperature (10 – 40 °C), ozone flow (0.9 – 5.0 g h−1) and time (2 – 10 min), were evaluated using a factorial design. The results showed that for the alkaline extraction effluents, the pH is not an important parameter in the organic matter degradation by ozone. On the other hand, for the chlorine dioxide stage effluent, the efficiency of the treatment was pH dependent, obtaining the best results at alkaline pH. In all the effluents, color was removed faster and more efficiently than COD and AOX. Multivariate analysis was used to find equations that estimate the efficiency of the treatment, depending on the initial color, AOX, COD and of the ozone charge.
Comparison of 12 Isoflavone Profiles of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) Seed Sprouts from Three Different Countries

The levels of 12 isoflavones were measured in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) sprouts of 68 genetic varieties from three countries (China, Japan, and Korea). The isoflavone profile differences were analyzed using data mining methods. A principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the CSRV021 variety was separated from the others by the first two principal components. This variety appears to be most suited for functional food production due to its high isoflavone levels. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) showed that there are meaningful isoflavone compositional differences in samples that have different countries of origin. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) of these phytochemicals resulted in clusters derived from closely related biochemical pathways. These results indicate the usefulness of metabolite profiling combined with chemometrics as a tool for assessing the quality of foods and identifying metabolic links in biological systems.
Origami

At first, a long time ago, there were only the folds of your armpits and your buttocks and groin and eyes, then the folds of the palms whereby Madame Ricardo purported to know your future. Much later came two folds on the forehead. The folds at the eyes extended, the ones between the nose and lip grew deep. More folding. Vertical folds crossed the horizontal, summers folded onto autumns, and the year was folded by year and put on year away. Vast sorrows were folded onto minor triumphs, tucked under the slip of memory and lost. Then I began to see the process, in long shadows, by altered evening light, as a process, and how each folding brings you closer to perfection of the finished piece.
Contemporary techniques for nerve transfer in facial reanimation

Nerve transfer procedures have the potential to restore innervation and function to the native facial musculature. This review summarizes the existing literature on facial nerve injury, regeneration, and reinnervation techniques with a focus on nerve transfer and its various options. Utilizing nerve transfer as early as possible, and ideally during the first 12 months of paralysis, is recommended. Prolonged paralysis is frequently not amenable to nerve transfer. The masseteric nerve provides excellent smile restoration after coapation to midfacial nerve branches with minimal morbidity. Several modifications to the hypoglossal nerve transfer have been described to limit its morbidity in speech and swallowing. The cross facial nerve, while appealing and able to achieve a true spontaneous smile, has limitations in terms of axonal load, time to reinnervation, unpredictable outcomes, and utility in older patients, who have less regenerative potential. Finally, there are exciting new developments in the field, combining reanimation techniques to harness advantages of various donor nerves, and research in peripheral nerve regeneration.
Effects of Individualized Dialysate Sodium in Hemodialysis

Sodium is the major extracellular cation in the body and hence and is the major determinant of extracellular fluid (ECF) content and serum osmolarity. Volume overload contributed by increased sodium is a major problem in patients on hemodialysis (HD). Sodium entry occurs in hemodialysis patients from dietary intake, dialysis fluid or from saline infusions given during the hemodialysis session. Currently, all patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis in our centre and hospitals world-wide are dialysed with dialysate sodium of 138 meq/L and this dialysate sodium level used as a standard value in all patients irrespective of their blood sodium values. Patients undergoing dialysis have an individualized sodium and osmolarity value which are known as sodium and osmolar set point . respectively, and are unique for each patient and is highly conserved. A higher dialysate sodium concentration more than the patient’s plasma sodium level will cause sodium gain during dialysis and increase the total body sodium. This promotes interdialytic fluid ingestion in order to restore an individual’s sodium and osmolar set point. These patients might be actually having a lower sodium set point and if so, with each hemodialysis session, more sodium is continuously being added to their body, contributing to increased thirst, interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) and blood pressure. Long standing fluid overload can lead to uncontrolled hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy and thus, lead to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Theoretically, it looks advantageous to use tailor made dialysate sodium to avoid addition of excess sodium to the body during hemodialysis sessions. Several studies have been done regarding the individualization of sodium prescription in HD patients, but the results have been inconsistent. There are very few studies from India regarding sodium set points in our HD population and by prescribing Individualized dialysate sodium prescription, co-morbidities mentioned above will be drastically reduced. Our aim was to investigate and study the beneficial effects of individualized sodium profiling on patients undergoing dialysis.
Solidification Behavior of the Benzamide + O-Chlorobenzoic Acid Eutectic System†

The phase diagram of the benzamide + o-chlorobenzoic acid system has been studied by the thaw−melt method, and results show the formation of a simple eutectic mixture. Values of enthalpies of fusion of pure components and the eutectic mixture were determined from DSC studies. Excess Gibb’s energy (GE), excess enthalpy (HE), and excess entropy (SE) of mixing of pre-, post-, and the eutectic mixture were also calculated using activity coefficient data. Linear velocities of solidification of pure components and the eutectic mixture were determined at different undercooling rates. The values of the excess thermodynamic functions, linear velocity of crystallization, and ab initio calculations indicate the nonideal nature of the eutectic mixture in the melt. The anisotropic and instantaneous crystallizations of benzamide, o-chlorobenzoic acid, and the eutectic mixture were studied. The flexural strengths of the pure components and the eutectic mixture were also measured.
Superalkali-hydroxides as strong bases and superbases

Alkali metals have the lowest ionization potentials of all the elements in the periodic table, and their hydroxides are the strongest bases existing in the neutral form. So-called “superalkalies” have even lower ionization potentials than do alkalies, have potential-reducing capabilities, and can be used in the synthesis of a variety of charge-transfer salts. Like alkali hydroxides, superalkali-hydroxides are also expected to be strong basic compounds. To test this expectation, we have computationally investigated superalkali hydroxides (FLi2OH, OLi3OH and NLi4OH) for the first time and compared their basicity levels with that of LiOH, employing second-order Moller–Plesset perturbation theory. The proton affinity and gas-phase basicity values of these species were calculated to be comparable to or larger than those of LiOH, suggesting that they are stronger bases than LiOH, and even act as superbases. Various other parameters of superalkali hydroxides that are closely associated with their chemical reactivity and basicity are also described. This work is expected to provide new insights into hydroxide bases as well as motivate further exploration of such novel species with pronounced properties.
Residents’ Resentment of Neighbourhood Choice in Port Harcourt Municipality

This study examined residents’ resentment of neighborhood choice in Port Harcourt municipality, Nigeria. The study utilized both secondary and primary data sources. Primary data were collected using face-to-face administration of a largely pre-coded household questionnaire, to a probability sample of 396 respondents, drawn from the neighbourhoods. Data analysis was based on responses from 193 questionnaires retrieved and the univariate analytical method was adopted. The study found that large percentage of residents reported a negative rating of neighbourhood choice indicators such as waste collection and disposal, safety of lives and property, fire stations, cleanliness of the neighbourhood, residential planning, and government provision of housing for the poor, hospitals/clinics, recreational areas, maintenance of streets, aesthetic condition, noise level and the neighbourhood condition. Residents rated markets adequate and fire hazards low. The study concluded that majority of the residents rated neighbourhood quality indicators inadequate. The study recommended that government should intervene in these areas to improve the neighbourhood quality to achieve sustainability.
Ownership Structure and Corporate Diversification

This paper examines the motivation and impact of corporate diversification in Chinese listed firms. We find that in local government owned-firms there is a non-linear relationship between the level of firm diversification and state ownership. As state ownership increases from zero, the level of diversification decreases. After state ownership reaches a certain level, the level of diversification increases as state ownership increases. There is no evidence that ownership is related to corporate diversification in non-state-owned firms or central government-owned firms. We also document that diversification is negatively related to firm performance in local government-owned firms. However, there is no evidence that diversification is negatively related to the firm performance in non-state-owned firms or central government-owned firms. Our findings suggest that agency problems are responsible for local government owned-firms taking value-reducing diversification strategies.
Study of the sensitivity of coupled reaction systems to uncertainties in rate coefficients. I Theory

A method has been developed to investigate the sensitivity of the solutions of large sets of coupled nonlinear rate equations to uncertainties in the rate coefficients. This method is based on varying all the rate coefficients simultaneously through the introduction of a parameter in such a way that the output concentrations become periodic functions of this parameter at any given time t. The concentrations of the chemical species are then Fourier analyzed at time t. We show via an application of Weyl's ergodic theorem that a subset of the Fourier coefficients is related to 〈∂ci/∂kl〉, the rate of change of the concentration of species i with respect to the rate constant for reaction l averaged over the uncertainties of all the other rate coefficients. Thus a large Fourier coefficient corresponds to a large sensitivity, and a small Fourier coefficient corresponds to a small sensitivity. The amount of numerical integration required to calculate these Fourier coefficients is considerably less than that requi.
Design Thinking for Agile-Stress Testing Human Factors in Ideation Sessions

This paper reports on a series of studies that attempt to unpick the factors that contribute to successful team ideation. Ideation is a popular, structured approach to creative thinking, where the goal is to produce many viable and innovative ideas and concepts. This is often accomplished through structured collaborative workshops that include ‘Design Thinking’ techniques and methods. The reported studies involved manipulating variables in controlled experiments with subjects (AKA ideators). The sample of ideators, were tasked with generating ideas to solve a challenge and the outcome of their work was measured by quantity and quality of output. The latter criterion was assessed by an expert panel using a standardised evaluation framework. Four variables were employed to understand idea generation success factors. These were identified as common and thus easily applied factors in typical ideation scenarios and included varying levels of participant stimulation (before sessions), presence or absence of a facilitator, application of ‘Design Thinking’ technique (or not) and lastly, participant profile based on professional background. In this case, participant characteristics were split between designers and non-designers. The different experiments were run, with participants generating ideas in a timeboxed activity in which their outputs were assessed against the various experimental conditions. The findings suggest that counter orthodox thinking, applying the methods (e.g. Round Robin) is less effective than the influence of ideators’ differing professional background and their level of stimulation. These conclusions in turn suggest the possibility of extending the effectiveness of workshop facilitation to AUTHOR’S NAMES (LEAVE BLANK) [STYLE: _RwS RUNNING HEAD Even] 2 increase efficiency and quality of output. The paper concludes with pointers on improving ideation. In particular, increasing levels of engagement and immersion among participants and using aspects of game theory are seen a possible areas of further investigation.
Preferential incorporation of trans, trans-conjugated linoleic acid isomers into the liver of suckling rats

The present study was designed to compare the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomeric distribution pattern in the liver of suckling rats in relation to those in the milk and maternal diet. Silver-ion HPLC was used to separate individual CLA isomers. It was found that the isomeric distribution pattern in the milk was very similar to that in the maternal dietary fat. However, the CLA isomeric distribution patterns in the liver phospholipids (PL) and triacylglycerols were different from those in the diet and milk. In the liver PL, total cis/trans isomers accounted for 63·6–63·9 % of total CLA, which was in contrast to the values of 88·1–89·1 % in the milk and diet. In the liver PL, total trans/trans isomers were 20·6–20·8 % of the total CLA isomers whereas they were only 2·6–3·7 % in the milk and diet. It is concluded that trans/trans-CLA were preferentially incorporated into the liver whereas for the incorporation of cis/trans-CLA there was partial discrimination.