Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dissociation of Cell Growth and DNA Synthesis and Alteration of the Nucleo‐Cytoplasmic Ratio in Growing Embryonal Carcinoma Cells

The relationship between the two subcycles ‘the cell‐growth cycle' (CGC) and the ‘DNA‐division cycle' (DDC) were examined in the pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cell line PCC3 N/I. This line shows intraclonal bimodal‐like heterogeneity in growth rate. A combined protein (mass) and DNA staining method was used to evaluate the relationship between DDC and CGC at various stages in the cell cycle. The results revealed dissociation of the two subcycles and the mass distributions at certain points in the cell cycle reflected the bimodality reported by us for intermitotic time (IDT) distribution. The results were applied to a model called ‘The Two‐subcycles Cell Cycle Model' (TSCM). This model predicts that the period of DDC (Pre‐S+S‐G2‐M) is fairly constant, while the CGC varies, being the main cause of the growth heterogeneity observed in this line. A point of growth rate regulation (PGRR) in G1 was thought to coincide with the start of CGC. These results reveal a mechanism by which the nucleo‐cytoplasmic ratio of the cells can change from one cell cycle to the next.
Slow down and smell the vanilla lilies.

During 2005, Bush For Life community member volunteers contributed over 27,000 hours of labour to bush regeneration activities, effectively and efficiently managing more than 2500 ha of bushland outside the formal reserve system in the Mount Lofty Ranges in South Australia (SA). Frequently, the most difficult task is getting people to slow down and smell the vanilla lilies, which is stressed in our introductory workshop. Bush regeneration is one of the only times in life that people will be told to do a job slowly, in fact they will be corrected if they go too fast. Importantly, this gives the volunteer permission to leave large patches of weeds alone. We advise them to worry only about good bushland and concentrate on weed fronts and, on several difficult sites, this appears to have made a considerable difference to volunteer retention rates. We don’t have a perfect system and we expect mistakes, but we acknowledge this and try to learn from them.
Dietary conjugated linoleic acid is incorporated differentially into tissues of the pig

Approximately one third of the total dietary CLA given to the pigs was incorporated into the fat (sum of intramuscular and subcutaneous fat), with the highest transfer efficiency value (39.2%) recorded for the group of pigs fed the intermediate level of dietary CLA55 (5.0 g/kg). Dietary supplementation of CLA increased the total CLA content in adipose tissue and muscle fat of pigs with the highest transfer efficiency of about 38% (P < 0.001) and 0.8% (P = 0.007), respectively. The concentration of most isomers of CLA increased in a linear (P < 0.001) fashion with increasing concentration of CLA55 in the diet, while overall CLA transfer efficiency in subcutaneous fat and intramuscular fat was maximised at a dose of 5 or 7.7 g/kg of CLA55, respectively. There was selectivity in the uptake or incorporation of certain isomers. The tc/ct 10,12 isomer, which was the most abundant in the diet had the lowest transfer efficiency, while the tc/ct 9,11, the second most abundant isomer had the highest transfer efficiency. At the highest level of CLA supplementation, as much as 15.1 mg of total CLA was detected per gram of subcutaneous fat while a five fold lower (2.88 mg/g of fat) level of CLA was detected in the intramuscular fat. In conclusion, CLA is readily incorporated into pig tissue and CLA-fortified pork may prove to be a source of CLA in human diet.
Keys to the Trematoda

This is the third and final volume of the "Keys to the Trematoda", a series on the systematics and identification of the Class Trematoda. This volume covers five superfamilies within the Order Plagiorchiida and the family Didymozoidae, with keys for their identification at the family, subfamily and generic levels. It also includes a key to all digenean superfamilies, including those treated in detail in volumes one and two. Previous volumes dealt with the Subclass Aspidogastrea and Order Strigeida as well as the Order Echinostomida and the first two plagiorchiidan superfamilies.
HDZip I Transcription Factors in Arabidopsis thaliana : Expression and Function in Relation to Environmental Stress Conditions

The homeodomain leucine zipper (HDZip) proteins constitute a plant-specific family of transcription factors, that based on sequence criteria have been grouped into four classes, HDZip I-IV. This thesis describes the phylogeny, function, expression patterns and regulation of the HDZip class I genes in the model species Arabidopsis thaliana. The phylogenetic analyses, traced duplication history and exon/intron organisation of the 17 class I genes in Arabidopsis show that the genes form six monophyletic groups, clades, with an origin in early plant evolution. All genes are expressed in broad tissue distribution patterns and the majority are responsive to water availability and/or light conditions. The expression of the genes show different patterns and dependence on environmental stress conditions, indicating evolutionary changes within and between clades. Ectopic expression of the genes suggest that they regulate genes in part by conserved mechanisms. Therefore, different functional roles seem to have evolved by a divergence mainly in the regulatory properties of the genes. Detailed expression analyses of the paralogous HDZip I genes ATHB7 and ATHB12 show that they have essentially overlapping patterns of activity in response to abscisic acid, ABA, or water deficit in leaves, stems and roots. The water deficit response of ATHB7 and -12 is mediated by ABA and depends on the protein phosphateses ABI1 and ABI2. Transgenic plants with ectopic expression of ATHB7 and/or -12, and athb7 and athb12 mutants, reveal that the genes in roots mediate the growth inhibitory effects of ABA. In this aspect of their function they do not overlap. In leaves and stems, the genes might act as growth regulators redundantly with other factors. Taken together these data suggest that ATHB7 and -12 regulate growth in response water deficit and that other HDZip I genes have related functions in response to environmental stress conditions.
Effects of Semidwarfing sd-1 Alleles on Emergence and Establishment of Rice Seedlings under Different Sowing Conditions in Direct Sowing Cultivation

Tolerance to lodging is an essential trait for rice direct sowing cultivation. Effective use of semidwarfing alleles at the sd-1 locus is considered to be promising to breed high-yielding and lodging-tolerant cultivars for direct sowing. The semidwarfism of the sd-1 alleles, however, might exert adverse effects on the emergence and establishment of rice seedlings. In the present study, investigations were carried out to determine whether semidwarfism exerted adverse effects on seedling emergence and establishment under direct sowing conditions by using isolines harboring semidwarfing alleles derived from three different donor parents, Shiranui, Reimei and Taichung Native 1. It was eventually demonstrated that the semidwarfing alleles did not exert adverse effects on emergence and establishment of rice seedlings.
Soil disturbances in logging: effects on soil characteristics and growth of loblolly pine in the Atlantic Coastal Plain

Ll>GGING CAN CAUSE compaction, puddling, and displacement of soil (Fig. 1). All types of soil disturbance occur in the Atlantic Coastal Plain, where year-round logging is carried out under a wide range of soil conditions. Compaction and disturbance of forest soils have received little attention in research. Lull (5) reviewed research accomplishments prior to 1959 and concluded that compaction was likely to be a problem on many forest sites but that quantitative data on soil characteristics and tree response were almost completely lacking. Most of the literature on this problem has dealt with logging disturbance in the Pacific Northwest, where detrimental effects on the physical properties of soil and poor growth of coniferous seedlings were observed in skid trails and logging roads (1, 9, JO, 11, 12). Moehring and Rawls ( 6) reported that wet weather logging in a 40-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stand in Arkansas compacted the silt loam soils and significantly reduced diameter growth of trees which had traffic on three sides or on all four sides. Neither diameter growth nor the measured physical properties of soils were significantly affected by traffic under dry conditions. Greater use of heavy logging equipment and the development of special skidding equipment permit yearround operations on most sites supporting loblolly pine in the Atlantic Coastal Plain. This growing potential for site damage prompted a series of investigations1 on the nature and extent of the problem of soil disturbance in logging, its severity, the rate of natural recovery of disturbed soils, and the effects of soil compaction and puddling on the establishment and early growth of loblolly pine.
Modeling And Simulation Of Highly Advanced Multilevel Inverter For Speed Control Of Induction Motor

In this Paper, the problem of removing Power dissipation from single phase Induction Motor with DC sources is considered by the speed control of Induction Motor with highly advanced 9-Level multi-level Inverter which having approximate zero Harmonics. As the demand of power is increasing day by day. So that, we must introduced very advanced Electrical Instruments which having high efficiency and less dissipation of power. The requirement of very advanced Inverter is necessary. Here we are designing a Multi-level Inverter up to the 9-level using IGBT (Insulated-gate bipolar transistor) by Mat lab which having negligible total harmonic distortion (THD) that’s why it will control the speed of single phase Induction motor which is presently widely used in our daily needs. Also, several informative Simulation results verify the authority and truthiness of the proposed Model.
The influence of light on the circadian clock of mice and men

A genetic approach was used to investigate whether the emergence of circadian rhythms in murine pups is dependent on a functional maternal clock. Arrhythmic females bearing either the mPer1/Per2 or mPer2/Cry1 double-mutant genotype were crossed with wild-type males under constant darkness. The heterozygous offspring have the genetic constitution for a functional circadian clock. Individual pups born to arrhythmic mPer1/Per2 and mPer2/Cry1 mothers in constant darkness without external zeitgeber developed normal circadian rhythms, but their clocks were less synchronized to each other compared to wild-type animals. These findings indicate that development of circadian rhythms does not depend on a functional circadian clock in maternal tissue, extending previous findings obtained from pups born to SCN-lesioned mothers.
Molecular Basis for O-Antigen Biosynthesis in Vibrio cholerae O1: Ogawa-Inaba Switching

Vibrio cholerae is divided into more than 130 O serogroups; however, only organisms of the O1 serogroup have so far been associated with cholera in humans. V. cholerae O1 strains of both biotypes have been further subdivided into three serotypes, designated Inaba, Ogawa, and Hikojima, grouped according to the structure of the O antigens on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The LPS of gram-negative bacteria is the most abundant molecule on the cell surface, where it provides a protective barrier to hydrophobic agents and detergents. The most common sugars found in the O polysaccharide are perosamine and quinovosamine. A number of studies designed to correlate the various O-antigen polysaccharides with particular antigenic specificities have been carried out. The genes involved in O-antigen biosynthesis in V. cholerae O1 strains 569B (Inaba, classical) and O17 (Ogawa, EI Tor) have been cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli K-12. The E. coli RfaD is an ADP-L-glycero-D-mannoheptose epimerase and is one of the critical proteins involved in the synthesis of the core oligosaccharide of the LPS in E. coli. Genetic complementation studies have suggested that the determinant responsible for Ogawa specificity lies at the distal end of the rfb region, an area in which no readily detectable differences could be discerned.
Cloning and Characterization of cDNA for Adenosine Kinase from Mammalian (Chinese Hamster, Mouse, Human and Rat) Species

The enzyme adenosine kinase constitutes the major purine nucleoside phosphorylating activity in mammalian cells. In view of its central role in adenosine metabolism, which is an important physiological regulator, an understanding of the primary structure of adenosine kinase is of much interest. Using micro-sequence information from peptides derived from purified Syrian hamster liver enzyme, we have succeeded in isolating full length cDNA clones encoding adenosine kinase from Chinese hamster ovary cells and mouse 3T3 cells. The open reading frames in these clones consist of 334 and 335 amino acids and encode proteins of molecular masses 37364 Da and 37489 Da, respectively. In addition, the coding and upstream sequences for adenosine kinase from human (HeLa cells) and rat liver have also been cloned and sequenced. Transfection of an adenosine-kinase-deficient mutant (selected for resistance to the adenosine analog toyocamycinj of Chinese hamster ovary cells with a plasmid containing the cloned adenosine kinase cDNA, leads to regaining of adenosine kinase activity in the transformed cell. The adenosine kinase transformants also simultaneously lost their toyocamycin resistance and became similarly sensitive to the analog as the parental wild-type Chinese hamster ovary cells. The cloned adenosine kinase cDNA was also used to examine structural changes in mutants affected in adenosine kinase. In Chinese hamster ovary cells, one type of mutant that lacks adenosine kinase activity and displays high degree of resistance to various adenosine analogs, is obtained at an unusually high spontaneous frequency 10−4 - 10−3). Results of Southern and northern-blot analysis provide evidence that this group of mutants involves gross structural alterations affecting the adenosine kinase gene. Such structural alterations are not observed in another type of mutant which exhibits increased resistance only to C-adenosine analogs. Sequence similarity searches indicate that several of the bacterial and yeast sugar kinases (ribokinase, fructokinase and inosine-guanosine kinase) exhibit limited but significant similarity to the mammalian adenosine kinase. The sequence similarity data support the possibility that adenosine kinase shares a common evolutionary ancestor with these protein sequences.
Effect of particle size and extrusion processing parameters on in vitro starch fractions, in vivo starch digestibility and glycemic index of field pea in dogs

A meta-analysis was performed to determine the effect of hydrothermal processing of peas on starch digestibility in monogastric species. From a total of 415 studies on hydrothermal processing of peas, nine studies were identified for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Effect sizes were standardized by converting them to Cohen’s d (CD). The combined nine studies showed a significant increase in pea starch digestibility by CD = 6.94 (95% CI; 4.50-9.37; P < 0.001) after hydrothermal treatment. A regression of processing temperature on the effect size showed a nearly significant quadratic response (CD = -0.009(temp)2 + 2.345(temp) – 146.103, r² = 0.303; P = 0.096). This suggests that the rate of pea starch digestion can be manipulated by controlling processing temperature. The hypothesis of this research was that processing parameters, namely particle size and extrusion, would alter pea starch in vitro degradability, and in vivo digestibility and glycemic response in laboratory beagles. A preliminary experiment found that, although not significant (P = 0.07), pea starch had a lower total tract apparent digestibility coefficient (TTADC) than rice starch (81% vs. 100% respectively) (n = 6). A second experiment found no significant effect of pea particle sizes 195, 309, and 427μm on glycemic index (GI) in laboratory beagles (n = 6). A third experiment was performed to determine the effect of extrusion processing on pea starch. The experiment used a completely randomized 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design with 2 levels of temperature (110 vs. 150°C), moisture (20 vs. 28%), particle size (288 vs. 407 μm) and cooling method (freezing vs. drying). Extrudates were analyzed for their rapidly digestible starch (RDS), slowly digestible starch (SDS) and resistant starch (RS) contents. Particle size was the only significant effect; large particle size increased RS and decreased RDS (P < 0.05). There was also significant negative correlation between particle size and RDS and SDS fractions (P < 0.05) and a trend toward particle size being positively correlated with RS content (P = 0.059). Subsequently, four of the 16 extruded treatments were selected for the measurement of GI in beagles (n = 6): 3) 150°C, 288 μm, 20% H20, dried; 7) 110°C, 288 μm, 20% H20, dried; 10) 150°C, 407 μm, 28% H20, frozen; 14) 110°C, 407 μm, 28% H20, frozen. There was no relationship between GI and particle size, but GI was negatively and RDS was positively correlated with temperature (P < 0.05). These results suggest that in vitro starch fractions are not good predictors of GI in dogs. However, the rate of pea starch digestion may be manipulated by controlling processing temperature. Further studies are needed to determine the effect of multiple temperatures on the GI of starch.
Simultaneous improvement of meat quality and growth-and-carcass traits in pigs.

INTRODUCTION Breeding for meat quality in pigs has been the topic of much scientific writing over the past two decades. Many authors have focused on correlated responses in meat quality as a result of selection for production traits, but in this paper we focus on direct selection for meat quality in practice. We present historical developments, summarise the current (2002) situation, and finish with thoughts on the role of DNA markers and future developments
Do formal ao informal: executivos que migraram para o trabalho flexível

Objetivo: Dadas as mudancas ocorridas em relacao a organizacao do trabalho, contratos de trabalho flexivel estao geralmente associados com uma busca de empregados mais produtivos. O objetivo desta pesquisa e compreender as mudancas comportamentais necessarias aos executivos para enfrentar a realidade desses novos modelos flexiveis de trabalho. Delineamento/metodologia/abordagem: Este trabalho apresenta o estudo realizado na cidade de Sao Paulo (SP) com 30 executivos que migraram de contratos de trabalho formais - postos de trabalho - para formatos mais flexiveis. Achados: Os resultados mostraram que os entrevistados usam varios termos para se descreverem: consultores, independentes, franqueados, empresarios, conselheiros, entre outros, e sugeriram que eles tem de mudar suas autopercepcoes para se adaptarem a trabalhos flexiveis. Originalidade/valor: Este estudo mostra que as narrativas que esses executivos usam para ilustrar suas trajetorias profissionais estao relacionadas a maneira como lidam com o tempo, com sua rede e como devem mudar sua mentalidade e comportamento para alcancar o sucesso. Por fim, esses profissionais devem demonstrar competencia; mesmo que as vezes sejam traidos por seus gestos, voz e aparencia, demonstrando desânimo.
Étude des propriétés cytotoxiques et immuno-adjuvantes du virus oncolytique de la rougeole

Le virus attenue de la rougeole est propose comme agent oncolytique pour infecter et lyser les cellules tumorales sans affecter les cellules saines. Les proprietes immuno-adjuvantes du virus pourraient aussi contribuer a l'efficacite de la virotherapie anti-tumorale. Dans cette etude nous avons evalue les proprietes cytotoxiques et immuno-adjuvantes du virus oncolytique de la rougeole (MV). Dans une premiere etude, nous avons demontre que le MV infecte et tue efficacement des lignees d'adenocarcinome pulmonaire et de carcinome colorectal in vitro et in vivo, dans des modeles de xenogreffes de tumeurs humaines sur des souris immunodeficientes. Dans une seconde etude, je me suis interesse aux proprietes immuno-adjuvantes du MV sur les cellules dendritiques plasmacytoides (pDC). Apres avoir mis au point l'obtention et la culture des pDC humaines dans le laboratoire, j'ai demontre que les cellules tumorales infectees induisent la maturation des pDC et une large production d'IFN-α. En utilisant un inhibiteur specifique, j'ai mis en evidence que cette production d'IFN-α est due a l'engagement du Toll-Like Receptor 7 (TLR-7) probablement par l'ARN simple brin du MV. Enfin, j'ai montre que les pDC sont capables de realiser, a partir des cellules tumorales infectees, la presentation croisee de l'antigene de tumeur NY-ESO-1 a un clone de lymphocyte T CD8+ specifique a un niveau equivalent aux cellules dendritiques derivees de monocytes (Mo-DC). Ces resultats suggerent que l'utilisation du MV en virotherapie anti-tumorale induit une mort cellulaire immunogene permettant la maturation, la secretion de grandes quantites d'IFN-α, et la cross-presentation d'antigenes par les pDC.
Chemical Constituents of Medicinal Plants, Gardenia elata, G. gjellerupii, and G. volkensii

Many native Thailand Gardenia species have been reported to possess chemicals with properties effective in treating a variety of human illnesses. The present study examined chemical constituents in three species including one native G. elata, and two introduced species G. gjellerupii and G. volkensii. Crude hexane leaf extracts of the species were evaluated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Gardenia elata contained monoterpene, ? -pinene; terpinenes, ? -pinene, palmitic acid; diterpene, neophytadiene; stearic acid; (6E,10E,14E,18E)-2,6,10,14,18-pentamethylicosa-2,6,10,14,18- pentaene. Gardenia gjellerupii and G. volkensii composed of identical compounds, however in different amount, including diterpene, neophytadiene; terpinene, palmitic acid; squalene; linolenyl alcohol. These chemicals have been reported for their valuable medicinal properties. In addition to traditional knowledge that these plants are edible, this finding ensures that the plants are useful and should be consumed as healthy foods.
A new boletoid fungus, Boletus pinetorum, in the Boletus section Boletus from Fennoscandia (Basidiomycota, Boletales).

A detailed study of morphological characters of the species in the Boletus sect. Boletus occurring in Finland was carried out. Consequently six species were separated: B. pinophilus, B. reticulatus, and four species in the B. edulis group: B. edulis, B. betulicola, B. aff. reticulatus and B. pinetorum M. Korhonen spec. nov. In addition, the identity of B. edulis var. arcticus is discussed. The species presented in this study have good distinguishing macroand especially microscopical characters as well as differences in their ecological requirements. The most useful microscopical characters used for distinguishing the species are: shape of the spores, caulocystidia, and characters of pileipellis hyphae. A phylogenetic study of the species was also undertaken using the molecular markers ITS1 and ITS2. In addition, the IGS1 region of B. edulis coll. and B. pinophilus was studied. A total of 46 sequences were generated. The IGS1 region was shorter than ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region and interestingly contained less intraspecifi c variation than ITS1 and ITS2. In our analysis Boletus pinophilus, B. reticulatus, and B. edulis s. lato formed well supported lineages but as in previous studies, relationships inside the B. edulis group remained unresolved. Based on their distinct macroand microscopical characters, however, we consider the taxa within B. edulis groups as separate species.