Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF SOME GROWTH REGULATORS (IAA AND BA) IN THE INDUCTION OF CALLUS FROM THE APICAL MERISTEM FOR SAGE (SALVIA OFFICINALIS L.) PLANT IN VITRO

The study was conducted in the laboratory of plant tissue culture belonging to the Department of Plant Production Techniques, Al-Furat AlAwsat Technical University, Al-Mussaib Technical College, Babylon province from October 2018 to March 2019, in order to study the effect of some growth regulators: Auxins such as Indole acetic acid (IAA) with concentration of (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 mg.L), cytokines such as Benzyl adenine (BA) with concentration of (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 mg.L), and their interaction in the induction of callus from the Apical meristem for sage (Salvia officinalis L.) plant in vitro and their effect in the formation of callus. The plant parts were sterilized with different concentrations of Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) (0.0, 5, 7, 10 mg.L) at different periods of (0, 5, 10, 15) and after selecting the best concentration and the best culturing period. The Apical meristem was cultured in the MS nutrient media. In the experiment designed according to the Completely randomized design (CRD), with five replicates. The averages were compared using the least significant difference (LSD) below the probability level of 0.05. The results showed that the best concentration of Sodium hypochlorite is 10% in 15 min to be used in the sterilization of the plant part. The growth regulator (IAA ) with the concentration of (4 ml.L) was excelled by giving it the highest average percentage for callus induction from the Apical meristem amounted to (76 mg) and the highest average fresh weight for callus at concentration of (1 mg.L) with a fresh weight amounted to (445 mg) and the highest average dry weight for callus at concentration of (4mg.L) with a dry weight amounted to (36.3 mg). As for the interaction, the growth regulators (IAA and BA) gave the highest percentage of callus induction with a combination of (1 mg.L) of IAA and (1 mg.L) of BA, which amounted to (100 mg). The growth regulator (BA) with a concentration of (2, 4 mg.L) was excelled by giving it the highest percentage of callus induction, which amounted to (80, 80), respectively, and the highest percentage for dry weight amounted to (421 mg) for the treatment (4 mg.L). The treatment (2 mg.L) gave the highest average for dry weight amounted to (31.9 mg).
Empleo de ultrasonido en la extracción de curcumina a partir de su fuente natural

Introduccion: Curcuma longa L. se comenzo a cultivar en Cuba en la decada de los noventa del pasado siglo, a esta planta se le atribuyen propiedades anticancerigenas, antioxidantes, antibacterianas, entre otras. Su principio activo principal es la curcumina, un pigmento amarillo a partir del cual se pueden obtener diversos derivados de gran interes farmacologico. Objetivo: demostrar la factibilidad del uso de curcumina extraida de su fuente natural como precursor de farmacos. Metodos: los rizomas de Curcuma longa L. fueron previamente tratados; despues de estar secos, se pulverizaron y la extraccion se realizo con metanol en un bano ultrasonico. El producto deseado (curcumina) se purifico por cromatografia de columna, para ser usado posteriormente como la materia de partida en la obtencion de un analogo semisintetico. Los compuestos aislados y sintetizados se caracterizaron por metodos espectroscopicos. Resultados: se logro aislar curcumina con alto grado de pureza a partir de la Curcuma longa L. cultivada en Cuba, mediante un novedoso metodo de extraccion asistido por ultrasonido. Se obtuvo y fue caracterizado un nuevo compuesto de gran interes farmacologico, a partir de la curcumina obtenida de materias primas nacionales. Conclusiones: el empleo de ultrasonido hace mas eficiente la extraccion de la curcumina a partir de su fuente natural. Curcuma longa L. puede constituir una fuente de materias primas para la industria farmaceutica.
Single molecule analysis of DNA electrophoresis in microdevices

Given that current electrophoresis technology is inadequate for mapping large O[100 kilobasepair] IDNA, several promising lab-on-chip designs for DNA mapping have been recently proposed that require either 1) a DNA molecule negotiating an obstacle course in a microchannel or 2) stretching a DNA molecule for linear analysis. The goal of this research is to experimentally probe the fundamental physics that underlie these DNA mapping designs. Furthermore, we present a continuous stretching process that offers significant improvement over results in literature. In general, the governing physics is complex due to the confinement of the microchannel, the coiled-nature of long DNA molecules, and the induced electric field gradients from obstacles and changes in channel dimensions. Using single DNA fluorescence microscopy, we have investigated many of the governing physical mechanisms at play in these gene mapping microfluidic devices. For example, we have determined transport coefficients for DNA in a confined channel and performed an analysis of hydrodynamic background flows in these thin channels. We have also performed a systematic study of the impact and unhooking dynamics of a DNA molecule driven into a small stationary post. Furthermore, we have thoroughly investigated DNA stretching in electric field gradients created by a contraction and a large insulating obstacle. Just as a flow gradient stretches a polymer, an electric field gradient can stretch a charged polyiner like DNA. Because electric field gradients have no local rotational components, a charged polymer will experience purely extensional deformation. This is true even near surfaces, unlike the cyclic extension-compression dynamics characteristic in shear flows. A recurring theme is this work is the notion of configuration effects, or "molecular individualism", a term coined by DeGennes eight years ago to denote the sensitive dependence of a single polymer's deformation dynamics to its initial configuration. New mapping designs often require or force DNA to strongly deform and we see molecular individualism arise when studying phenomena central to these mapping designs, e.g. DNA colliding into stationary posts or DNA stretching in electric field gradients. Molecular individualism counteracts mapping and other potential engineering applications that might require uniform behavior of all DNA molecules. However, our results show that molecular individualism can be bypassed by pre-configuring the DNA configurational distribution before strong deformation. The main impact of these findings will be to foster the design of custoil unit operations in biomolecule Imicrofluidic processes, e.g. for DNA mapping applications and beyond.
Starch degradation characteristics in relation to physiological and biochemical properties during growth and maturation of apple fruit.

Fruit maturity indices, i.e. respiration rate and ethylene production, amylose (AM) and amylopectin (AP) content, total hydrolytic activity, and sugar content were investigated during the growth and maturation of ‘Tsugaru’ (early-maturing) and ‘Fuji’ (late-maturing) apples (Malus domestica Borkh.). Different starch degradation characteristics during the growth and maturation processes were observed between ‘Tsugaru’ and ‘Fuji’. By iodine staining, the loss of starch in ‘Tsugaru’ was observed earlier than in ‘Fuji’. The different degradation patterns of starch were also demonstrated through the observations on AM and AP content. In ‘Tsugaru’, AM and AP degraded rapidly between 95 to 110 days after full bloom (DAFB) and almost all starch were lost rapidly at 125 DAFB with simultaneous increases in rate of respiration and production of ethylene. However, in ‘Fuji’, starch degraded gradually throughout growth and maturation process and was clearly degraded at 170 DAFB with a low level of ethylene production and decreased respiration. In both the cultivars, content of AM and AP were highest in the outer cortex and lowest in the inner cortex. Starch degradation was observed simultaneously in 3 different tissue zones and there was little difference in the total hydrolytic activity among tissue zones in both cultivars. These results suggest that starch hydrolysis in the apple fl esh began simultaneously rather than preferentially in any one tissue zone. For sugar content, although differences among tissue zones were not clear, it increased distinctly with loss of starch content. Moreover, sugars from the degradation of accumulated starch and sugar translocation seem to infl uence mainly the sweetness quality as the fruit ripens.
Scotty: General and Efficient Open-Source Window Aggregation for Stream Processing Systems

JONAS TRAUB, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany PHILIPP MARIAN GRULICH, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany ALEJANDRO RODRÍGUEZ CUÉLLAR, Galápago Agroconsultores S.A. S. , Colombia SEBASTIAN BRESS, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany ASTERIOS KATSIFODIMOS, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands TILMANN RABL, HPI, University of Potsdam, Germany VOLKER MARKL, Technische Universität Berlin & DFKI, Germany
The Diatom Glasshouse

Diatoms are unicellular microalgae with intricate walls made from silica. In his Perspective, [Wetherbee][1] explains how these patterned walls are constructed. He highlights the report by [KrA¶ger][2] et al . , who show that key molecules in the silicification process, called silaffins, are highly phosphorylated in their native state. The silaffins nucleate and precipitate silica; other molecules must be responsible for the fine patterning but remain as yet unidentified. [1]: http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/298/5593/547 [2]: http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/short/298/5593/584
A general, efficient and robust method to calculate free energy difference between systems

Calculating free energy differences is a topic of substantial interest and has many applications including molecular docking and hydration, solvation, and binding free energies which is used in computational drug discovery. However, in equilibrium methods the compared molecules are required to have large phase space overlap, which is usually not satisfied for two random systems, and there remain the challenges of robustness and automation. Here a highly efficient and robust method, that enables a wide range of comparisons, will be introduced, demonstrated and compared. In this method instead of transforming between one system into the other to perform the calculation each system is transformed into its replica with the different long range energy terms relaxed, which is inherently correlated with the original one, in order to eliminate the partition function difference arising from these terms. Then, since each transformed system can be treated as non interacting systems, the remaining difference in the (originally highly complex) partition function will cancel out.
Howwill climate change alter the dynamics of airborne pollen and pollen load of allergenic plants? The “exceptionally warm year” 2018 in Linz (Upper Austria)—a potential model for the future based on long-term trends

Background Globally, climate change is being observed. Pollen allergies have been increasing since the middle of the last century. Outdoors, sensitization against pollen allergens is responsible for the highest prevalence of allergies of eyes and airways. Hence, the following two questions arose: (1) How does climate change become manifest locally–regionally, and do temperatures and precipitation have to be considered exceptional in 2018? (2) How do changing meteorological conditions impact on pollination and pollen load? Methods Pollen data of themain allergenic plants—collected at the pollen monitoring station Linz, Upper Austria—were analysed; 2018 was compared to the years 1993–2017. By means of statistical methods, the impact of meteorological parameters on pollen seasons and pollen load were examined. Results Climate change was confirmed for the region. The regional climate has shifted from moderate to warmer and drier (semi-arid) conditions. Preseasonal cumulated meteorological parameters determined flowering and pollen seasons (PS). Start and duration of the pollination of hazel, alder, birch, and grass followed other rules than the seasonal pollen
Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora Engenharia Elétrica Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica Vinícius Lagrota Rodrigues da Costa A Prototype of a Narrowband Hybrid PLC/Wireless Transceiver Juiz de Fora

This thesis focuses on a prototype of the so-called narrowband (NB) hybrid power line communication (PLC)/Wireless transceiver, which jointly uses power line and wireless channels, in parallel, for data communication related to smart grid (SG) and Internet of Things (IoT) applications. To build the prototype, it is introduced an enhanced and adapted version of the IEEE 1901.2 Standard to implement the medium access control (MAC) sublayer and the physical (PHY) layer to transmit data through both channels. The enhancement is based on the use of the Hilbert transform to recover the quadrature information from both channels, enabling to estimate the frequency deviation between the transmitter and receiver’s clocks. One adaptation in the IEEE 1901.2 Standard is the introduction of a routing protocol, which enables the transceivers to communication with nodes two hops or farther from each other. The other adaptation is the implementation of a packet error correction technique at the link layer level, which combines packets with errors received from PLC and wireless media and correct them, under certain constraint. Moreover, relevant is the fact that the NB hybrid PLC/Wireless transceiver is compatible with the NB PLC transceiver based on the IEEE 1901.2 Standard. The NB hybrid PLC/Wireless transceiver prototype is implemented in a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) device and details about the implementation, using a hardware description language (HDL), are provided, highlighting the pursuit of hardware resource savings. Numeric results discuss the time analysis of the packet error correction technique, calculating its maximum capacity of correction taking into account the IEEE 1901.2 Standard time constraints. Furthermore, a PHY layer data-rate analysis shows that the implementation agree with the IEEE 1901.2 Standard and can perfectly satisfy the needs of SG and IoT applications. In addition, the hardware resource usage and power consumption analysis show that the NB hybrid PLC/Wireless transceiver prototype demands less than one and a half times the hardware resource usage and power consumption of the NB PLC transceiver prototype. Key-words: power line communication, wireless communication, hybrid, achievable datarate, outage probability.
New synthesis of TATB process development studies

We have discovered that 1,1,1-trialkylhydrazinium salts are highly reactive reagents which aminate nitroaromatic compounds through vicarious nucleophilic substitution (VNS) of hydrogen. When applied to picramide, these reagents produce TATB in high yield. Traditionally, TATB has been manufactured in the USA by nitration of the relatively expensive and domestically unavailable 1,3,5- trichlorobenzene (TCB) to give 2,4,6-trichloro- 1,3,5- trinitrobenzene (TCTNB) which is then aminated to yield TATB. Elevated temperatures (1500 C) are required for both reactions. Our new VNS synthesis potentially affords an inexpensive and a more environmentally benign preparation of TATB. We describe in this report our progress in scaling up the synthesis of TATB from the laboratory to the pilot plant. We will discuss structure and control of impurities, changes in yield/quality with reaction conditions, choice of solvents, workup and product isolation, safety, and environmental considerations. Particle size characterizations as well as small-scale safety and performance testing will also be discussed.
Reduced graphene oxide–gold nanorod composite material stabilized in silicate sol–gel matrix for nitric oxide sensor

A facile synthetic method for the preparation of reduced graphene oxide–gold nanorods embedded in an amine functionalized silicate sol–gel matrix (RGO–Au–TPDT NRs) composite in an aqueous medium and its applications towards the electrochemical sensing of nitric oxide (NO) are reported. The electrochemical characteristics of the RGO–Au–TPDT NRs modified electrode are studied by using cyclic voltammetry. The electrocatalysis and amperometric sensing of NO are studied at physiological pH by using the RGO–Au–TPDT NRs modified electrode. The RGO–Au–TPDT NRs modified electrode shows excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of NO due to the synergistic catalytic effect of the RGO–Au–TPDT NRs composite material. The amperometric current is increased linearly while increasing the NO concentration in the range between 10 and 140 nM and the lowest detection limit is estimated as 6.5 nM. The GC–RGO–Au–TPDT NRs modified electrode is simple to prepare and shows fast amperometric response towards NO detection.
Call-by-value is dual to call-by-name

The rules of classical logic may be formulated in pairs corresponding to De Morgan duals: rules about & are dual to rules about V. A line of work, including that of Filinski (1989), Griffin (1990), Parigot (1992), Danos, Joinet, and Schellinx (1995), Selinger (1998,2001), and Curien and Herbelin (2000), has led to the startling conclusion that call-by-value is the de Morgan dual of call-by-name.This paper presents a dual calculus that corresponds to the classical sequent calculus of Gentzen (1935) in the same way that the lambda calculus of Church (1932,1940) corresponds to the intuitionistic natural deduction of Gentzen (1935). The paper includes crisp formulations of call-by-value and call-by-name that are obviously dual; no similar formulations appear in the literature. The paper gives a CPS translation and its inverse, and shows that the translation is both sound and complete, strengthening a result in Curien and Herbelin (2000).
Does an irreversible chemical cycle support equilibrium

The impossibility of attaining equilibrium for cyclic chemical reaction networks with irreversible steps is apparently due to a divergent entropy production rate. A deeper reason seems to be the violation of the detailed balance condition. In this work, we discuss how the standard theoretical framework can be adapted to include irreversible cycles, avoiding the divergence. With properly redefined force terms, such systems are also seen to reach and sustain equilibria that are characterized by the vanishing of the entropy production rate, though detailed balance is not maintained. Equivalence of the present formulation with Onsager's original prescription is established for both reversible and irreversible cycles, with a few adjustments in the latter case. Further justification of the attainment of true equilibrium is provided with the help of the minimum entropy production principle. All the results are generalized for an irreversible cycle comprising of N number of species.
Zur physikalischen Interpretation der Elektronenselbstbeschleunigung

Das punktförmige Elektron wird als Grenzfall eines Elektrons endlicher Ausdehnung betrachtet. Dadurch lassen sich die für die Elektronenbewegung maßgebenden Energieverhältnisse und die dabei auftretenden Kräfte besser durchschauen. Es wird dabei z. B. klar, daß es für das Auftreten der Selbstbeschleunigung nicht nötig ist, daß die elektromagnetische Feldenergie unendlich ist, sondern es ist nur wichtig, daß die mechanische Masse des Elektrons negativ ist.
Effects of water desalination on milk production and several blood constituents of Holstein cows in a hot arid climate

Summary Fourteen primiparous Holstein cows (180.0 ± 4.3 days in milk) with a mean (±SD) daily milk yield of 35.0 ± 1.3 kg and a body condition score of 3.2 ± 0.2 were allotted into two groups (n = 7), and were fed a ration consisting of (dry matter basis) 35% corn silage, 25% alfalfa hay and 40% concentrates. Salt was provided free choice. The experiment was performed during the period of heat stress, i.e., when the temperature-humidity index was greater than 72. One group was offered desalinated water containing 570 mg total dissolved solids (TDS) and another group was offered water containing 1400 mg TDS per L. Milk yield was measured weekly, and milk samples were taken on days 21 and 42 for determination of milk composition. Blood samples were taken on days 21 and 42 from the median caudal vein of the tail and the serum concentrations of Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , tri-iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were measured. Ruminal fluid was taken by rumenocentesis on day 42 for determination of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and pH. Milk yield, milk composition, serum concentrations of T3 and T4, Na + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ , ruminal fluid VFA concentration and pH were not significantly affected by water TDS (P>0.05); however, cows receiving desalinated water produced 2 kg more milk per cow per day. Serum K + concentration was significantly higher in cows consuming saline water (P<0.05). The present data indicated that water with a TDS of 1400 mg per L had no adverse effect on lactating cows; therefore, it is not necessary to desalinate water in the region under study. However, in light of the possible effects of saline water on thyroid hormones, further studies concerning the influence of saline water on the metabolism of high producing cows in hot climates are warranted.
Formation and Microstructures of Anodic Alumina Films from Aluminum Sputtered on Glass Substrate

A transparent porous alumina nanostructure was formed on a glass covered tin-doped indium oxide ~ITO! substrate by anodization of a highly pure sputtered aluminum layer. Details of the fabrication and microstructures of porous anodic alumina films are described and a possible mechanism of anodization is outlined. The variation of anodic current density reflects three processes, i.e., ~i! anodization of the sputtered aluminum layer, ~ii! transition of electrolysis from aluminum to the underlying ITO film, and~iii! electrochemical reactions on the ITO film beneath the anodic alumina film. As all the aluminum is completely anodized, the resultant oxide films on the ITO/glass substrate possess a parallel porous structure ~f80-100 nm, cell size in ;350 nm! with a thin arched barrier layer ~;80 nm! and exhibit a high transmittance in the ultraviolet-visible light range ~75-100% transmittance 300-900 nm!
Strat-trop exchange

Exchange between the stratosphere and troposphere is important to the chemical composition of both regions. The export of ozone from the stratosphere provides the troposphere with a means of initiating photochemistry. The precursor molecules originating from the planetary surface provide the stratosphere with its chemical feedstock from which the ozone-controlling HO(x), NO(x), and Cl(x) photochemistries are driven. The tropopause is defined both statistically and in a local, synoptic sense by the value P(sub theta) = . 000016 K sq m/kg/s, taken from an objective analysis of 8 years of zonal, temporal mean cross sections of potential temperature, wind and potential vorticity.
Regulation and inflammatory effects of tristetraprolin in macrophages

9 TIIVISTELMA 10 INTRODUCTION 12 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 13 Inflammation 13 Messenger RNA decay 14 Tristetraprolin (TTP) 16 Transcription factor binding sites and the mRNA 3' untranslated region in TTP gene 17 Protein sequence of TTP and CCCH zinc finger domains 19 TTP localization in the cell 21 TTP polymorphisms 23 Regulation of TTP expression 23 Growth factors 23 Interleukins, interferons, and TNF-α 25 Hormones and related compounds 26 Tumor promoters 27 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 28 Agonists of adrenergic receptors, cAMP analogues, and related compounds 28 Inhibitors of signalling pathways 32 Protein kinase C (PKC) 33 Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) 33 Other conditions and compounds 38