Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Effect of Fe, Mn or Al Compounds on Humification of Three Types of Plant Residues during Thermal Incubation

The effect of three inorganic minerals on the humification of three types of plant residues was determined by employing a model thermal incubation experiment. The plant residues consisiting of rice (Oryza sativa) straw, broadleaf tree (a mixture of oak/beech, Quercus serrata, Q. dentata, Q. acutissima etc.) sawdust and Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) sawdust were each mixed with Fe, Mn and Al in the form of hydroxides, oxides and sulfates. Humic materials were extracted after incubation and their composition was analyzed using a mixed solution of 0.02 M Na4P2O7 and 0.1 M NaOH. The pH values of the samples after a longer duration of the incubation period were all less than 5.0, with the lowest value of 2.16 for a sample incubated with Al2(SO4)3, except for the values of the samples incubated with MnO2, which ranged from 4.75 to 6.0. The ΔlogK values decreased with the increase of the duration of the incubation period, whereas the RF values increased, as well as the amount of humus extracted (HE) and percentage of humic acid (PQ). Whereas most of the samples were identified as Type B and Type Rp humic acids, Type A humic acid was formed in all the plant residues incubated with Al2(SO4)3, FeO(OH) and MnO2 after ⩽180 d of incubation period. Moreover, the degree of humification of the plant residues was observed in the order of broadleaf tree > rice straw > Japanese cedar. It can be concluded that the inorganic compounds Al2(SO4)3, FeO(OH) and MnO2 contributed to the acceleration of the humification process of plant residues during the thermal incubation. The effect of Al2(SO4)3 may be associated with the increase in the reactivity with other components in the system due to its high solubility, whereas FeO(OH) and MnO2 may be involved in a reduction-oxidation reaction during the incubation. The browning and/or blackening of the plant residues were similar to the production of melanoidin which led us to consider that the mechanism involved in the study was similar to that of the Maillard reaction.
Tomato Crop Performances under Chemical Nutrients Monitored by Electric Signal

Fertigation is considered an efficient alternative to the enhanced use of chemical fertilizers. Since most of the fertigation systems rely on a theoretical electrical conductivity value of the nutrient solution, we tried to evaluate if this is the real need of the plants as well as if all the nutrients are needed at once. Therefore, we analyzed the electrical signals of the nutrients applied individually or in different mixes, correlating the electrical signals with the leaf gas exchange processes, studying the relation between the electrical signals and different plant phenological stages and the influence of the treatments on the lycopene content, nutritional composition, and antinutritional factors as well as the mineral bioavailability of tomato fruits cv. Brillante F1. The study was carried out in a greenhouse under controlled conditions. Ten different treatments consisting of MaEs (major elements) (V1—MgSO4, V2—KNO3, V3—K2SO4, V4—Ca(NO3)2, V5—KH2PO4, V6—KCl, V7—MgSO4 + KNO3 + KH2PO4, V8—K2SO4 + Ca(NO3)2 + KCl, V9—the mix of V1 to V6, commonly used in agricultural practices, V10—one nutrient each day) were applied daily when plants were 42 days old. The results showed that the values of the electrical signals varied depending on the treatment and the plant phenological stage. Five different trends of the electrical signals were identified. In addition, the shape of the signals varied during the day in accordance with the photosynthesis and the amount of CO2 registered. The results of the treatments’ influence on the nutritional composition and lycopene content of tomato fruits suggested that plants do not need all the nutrients at once; the highest values are registered for K2SO4 fertilization. However, this fertilizer also had the highest registered tannin, saponin, and trypsin inhibitors content, constituting a disadvantage considering the high nutritional values and lycopene content. Regarding the bioavailability of zinc, calcium, and iron for the human diet, regardless of the treatment applied, phytic acid did not affect the availability of zinc and calcium, but it had a negative impact on iron availability; also, the amount of oxalate could impair the bioavailability of calcium. The study suggests that tomato plants do not need all nutrients at once for quality fruits. However, further studies are needed in order to develop a fertigation scheme based on a smart nutrient use that provides an improved nutritional composition and mineral bioavailability. In addition, it is necessary to evaluate the influence of treatments on yield.
Characterizations of Size-segregated Ultrafine Particles in Diesel Exhaust

ABSTRACT Size-segregated ultrafine particles (UFPs) in diesel exhaust were investigated to characterize carbonaceous substances, metals, and organic compounds originating from a medium-duty diesel engine dynamometer using the 13 driving mode. Organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) peaked at 330–550 nm, but the OC/EC ratio showed two peaks in the ultrafine and accumulation modes. The distribution trend of metal elements was opposite to that of the size-segregated OC/EC ratio. The amounts of toxic Pb, As, and Cd were less than 0.03–2.5% in diesel exhaust particles (DEPs), but their cumulative fractions in the ultrafine mode exceeded 50%. Most organic compounds (76.6%) and alkanes (67.0%) were emitted in the accumulation mode (170–1000 nm). More than 70% of the identified polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were emitted in the accumulation mode (94–1000 nm), with phenanthrene being the most abundant. Two significant size ranges of toxicity equivalent quantity peaks in the ultrafine (34–66 nm) and accumulation (170–330 nm) modes were observed for the size-segregated DEPs. Contrary to the trends for PAHs and organic compounds, the identifiable nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic compounds were more abundant in the ultrafine mode. Overall toxicity was high as UFPs can be deposited with high efficiency throughout the human respiratory tract.
One‐dimensional traversal receiver autonomous integrity monitoring method based on maximum likelihood estimation for GNSS anti‐spoofing applications

By forging global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals similar to authentic ones, a spoofer can make receivers track forged signals (spoofing signals) and generate wrong position, velocity and time results. Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) can be extended to the field of spoofing detection and exclusion (SDE). However, it is well known that when there are six or more signals and only one spoofing signal among them, RAIM can effectively exclude the spoofing signal. In this study, based on maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) theory and the idea of the traverse, one-dimensional traversal MLE-RAIM (TMRAIM) is proposed, which can exclude multiple spoofing signals. Theoretically, the influence of spoofing biases will be reflected in pseudorange residuals, and then affect the probability distribution of the parity vector. Through MLE deduction, the authors can find corresponding spoofing signals which are relevant with the maximum probability of the parity vector only once under the supposed number of spoofing signals. By just traversing the number of spoofing signals, TMRAIM can run effectively on real-time GNSS receivers with low complexity. The SDE ability and time complexity are analysed in detail and two field experiments are constructed. Experimental results demonstrate the method is feasible and effective for anti-spoofing applications.
Dynamique cristalline avec charges tensorielles. Application à la glace hexagonale

2014 In order to interpret the translational Raman spectrum of hexagonal ice, the concept of tensorial effective charges is used to account for the local symmetry which, because of the protons, is signincantly lower than that of the oxygen atoms in hexagonal and cubic ice. This hypothesis also allows infrared absorption, usually forbidden for this symmetry of the oxygen atoms. A generalization of the rigid ion model to tensor charges is obtained and applied to a hypothetical ordered form (C22v) of hexagonal ice. Numerical calculations are carried out with a simplified model applied to disordered hexagonal ice. These calculations account satisfactorily for the acoustic properties, the one phonon density of states and the observed Raman spectrum. The tensor description used for the electric forces may be of use for the investigation of the dynamic properties in crystals of low symmetry. J. Physique 42 (1981) 579-592 AVRIL 1981, Classification Physics Abstracts 63.20D 78.30
Plant uptake of exchangeable and non‐exchangeable potassium. I. Measurement and modelling for onion roots in a Chalky Boulder Clay soil

SUMMARY Uptake of K was measured using a single onion root technique with four soil cylinder diameters, and measuring changes in exchangeable K in the soil. Baldwin's model fitted the measured uptake when only exchangeable K was taken up, but that of Heming & Rowell allowed predictions of uptake of both exchangeable and non-exchangeable K (Knes) after fitting the necessary parameters. Release of Knex occurred in both 3 mm and 6 mm cells (root densities of 14cm cm”−3 and 3.5 cm cm−3) in 10 days. Predictions were made for longer times and differing soil water contents: after four weeks at a water content midway between field capacity and wilting point the contribution of Knex to total uptake was significant (up to 60%) for plants with high root densities.
Edible Coatings as Carriers of Antibrowning Compounds to Maintain Appealing Appearance of Fresh-cut Mango

Fresh-cut mango (Mangifera indica) slices and chunks garner an exotic image and are highly appreciated for their unique flavor and nutritional value. However, processors tend to use firm unripe mangoes to achieve shelf life of 10 to 14 days, which compromises eating quality. The post-processing life of ripe fresh-cut mangoes is limited by tissue softening, translucency, and browning. The current study was undertaken to investigate whether edible coatings can extend the shelf life of fresh-cut mangoes processed at an eating-ripe stage. Three edible coatings, carboxymethylcellulose (1% w/v), aloe (Aloe vera) powder (2% w/v), and whey protein isolate (2% w/v), supplemented with calcium ascorbate 2% w/v (firming agent) and the antioxidants citric acid (0.8% w/v) and acetyl-N-cysteine (0.4% w/v), were used. The mixture of antibrowning agents, whether applied alone or with the edible coatings, was the most effective at reducing slice browning up to 10 and 11 days at 5 °C for ‘Tommy Atkins’ and ‘Kent’, respectively. In general, there were no differences in firmness and flavor among the three edible coatings. Calcium ascorbate alone did not suppress browning consistently, whereas citric acid appeared to be the ingredient having the greatest antibrowning effect on slice quality. Citric acid can easily be used by processors of fresh-cut mangoes to prevent browning.
Ellipsometry, FTIR, Raman and X-Ray Spectroscopy Analysis of PECVD a-Si1-xCx:H Film

ABSTRACT Hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide (a-Si1-xCx:H) films were deposited by RF plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and subsequently annealed in N2 atmosphere at different temperatures. Systematic investigations of the deposition temperature and annealing effect on the film's properties, including film thicknesses, optical bandgap, refractive indexes, absorption coefficient (α), chemical bond configurations, stoichiometry and crystalline structures, were performed using ellipsometry, FTIR absorbance spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, and XRD. All of the results indicate that the structural and optical properties of the a-Si1-xCx:H film can be effectively engineered by proper annealing conditions. Moreover, molecular vibrational level equation was introduced to explain the peak shift detected by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy.
Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Anthocyanin from Kokum (Garcinia indica Choisy) Rinds

Background: The kokum rind consists of high amount of anthocyanin. The traditional methods are not capable to extract anthocyanin completely. Aims: The present study was focused on the optimization of enzyme pretreatment for extraction of anthocyanin from Kokum rind. Methodology: A central composite design was used to optimize the enzyme-assisted extraction of anthocyanin from the Kokum rinds. Kokum rinds was pretreated with food-grade pectinase and cellulase enzymes separately and then subjected to acidified ethanol extraction. The factors investigated included enzyme concentration (0 – 2%), Incubation time (1-5 h) and pretreatment temperature (15–55ºC). Results: Overall, 107.17- to 63.71 - fold increase in anthocyanin recovery when treated with pectinase and cellulase, respectively was observed compared to the untreated rinds. From a response surface analysis of the data, a second-degree polynomial equation was developed which provided the following optimal extraction conditions i.e. enzyme concentration 0.5%, Incubation time 2.0h and temperature 35ºC for pectinase pretreatment. Whereas, in case of cellulase the optimum conditions was enzyme concentration 1.42%, Incubation time 4.0h and temperature 32ºC. The obtained results strongly support the idea of using cell-wall degrading enzymes as an effective means for recovering anthocyanin from Kokum rinds.
Heated thin film gauge arrangements to reduce uncertainty in transient heat transfer measurements

This paper describes the development of heated double-sided thin film gauge configurations for transient heat transfer measurements. By heating the substrate it is possible to measure the heat flux over a range of surface temperatures and deduce the adiabatic wall temperature and the external heat transfer coefficient. The accuracy of the measurement depends on the stability of the regression of heat flux against wall temperature and can be improved by extending the range of wall temperature over which the regression is performed. In this paper we compare two methods of local heating: double-sided gauges with an underside thin film heater and self-heating double-sided gauges. Both arrangements have been used in the Oxford Turbine Research Facility to measure the heat transfer on the uncooled turbine shroud of the MT1 high-pressure turbine stage at engine-representative conditions. These measurements yield improved regressions compared to conventional techniques to determine the adiabatic wall temperature and the heat transfer coefficient.
The crosslinking efficiency of some vulcanizing agents in natural rubber

The crosslinking efficiencies of several curing agents have been determined from swelling measurements. The results indicate that dicumyl peroxide is a quantitative crosslinking agent for natural rubber, as was previously found to be true of dimethyloctadiene. As one molecule of dicumyl peroxide is able to form one crosslink, 3.2 to 4.0 molecules of tetramethylthiuram disulfide or 9–10 sulfur atoms in a sulfur-sulfeneamide system are needed for the same purpose. A comparison is made between the number of chemically introduced crosslinks and a corresponding value obtained from swelling measurements with the help of the Flory-Rehner equation. It was found that a filler can effect the properties of a vulcanizate through a filler-curing agent interaction as well as through a filler-rubber interaction. When a filler-curing agent interaction takes place, a certain amount of curing agent or accelerator becomes unavailable for cure. This lowers the number of crosslinks introduced by the curing agent. If the filler-curing agent interaction is insignificant and can be neglected, the swelling value Q for a filled stock can be related to that of an unfilled, analogous gum vulcanizate, Qgum, by the simple equation Q = kQgum; k is a function of the nature and amount of the filler and the elastomer, but is independent of the curing agent.
Do firm characteristics affect environmental sustainability? A literature review‐based assessment

Combating environmental pollution and climate change mandates strong commitment and participation of all firms across sectors. However, the environmental conduct of firms is seen to vary as per their characteristics, especially their size, ownership, and age. Current understanding of these characteristics’ influence on environmental sustainability is limited, fragmented, and scattered across the literature, which this study seeks to improve and contribute to. Based on a rigorous screening of the last 25 years’ literature (1996-2020), the study develops a comprehensive understanding of firm characteristics’ implications for environmental sustainability, namely, environmental practices implementation, environmental drivers, environmental barriers, and associated (environmental, cost/economic, operational, and organizational) performance implications. Several meaningful and generalizable trends, conflicts, and consensus, or lack thereof, are revealed. For instance, the extent of environmental practices’ implementation can be seen to be greater at large firms’ (vis-à-vis small ones) and at foreign firms’ (vis-à-vis local ones), though not much difference is seen between old and new firms. Also, several meta-factors such as resources availability, innovation propensity, and bureaucracy and organizational inertia are identified, that explain the differential influence of firm characteristics on environmental sustainability, and dispel erroneous stereotypes. Finally, gaps in the literature offering avenues for future research are highlighted along with implications for research, theory and practice. Results are expected to help policymakers and practitioners develop policies/interventions that ensure all firms irrespective of their characteristics contribute to environmental sustainability. A comprehensive review of this kind has not been previously undertaken and constitutes the novelty of this work.
Regional homogeneity and degree of centrality in social jetlag and sleep deprivation and their correlations with appetite: a resting-state fMRI study

ABSTRACT This research aimed to explore in free-living condition, in healthy normal weight subjects, the effect of social jetlag (SJL) and sleep deprivation on resting-state brain connectivity and synchronization, as assessed by resting-state fMRI, and their association with appetite. We found abnormal local functional synchronization in resting-state, as depicted by altered regional homogeneity (ReHo), in posterior cerebellar regions in subjects with SJL and/or sleep deprivation. We also found altered intrinsic global connectivity patterns, as depicted by altered degree of centrality (DC), in cerebellar regions in these subjects. In our sample, ReHo was correlated with appetite in fasting state in subjects with SJL and in those with sleep deprivation, while DC was correlated with appetite only in subjects with SJL. The effect size evaluation showed that 21.1% to 35.7% of the variance in appetite of subjects with SJL was explained by altered ReHo and DC; in subjects with sleep deprivation 21.2% to 61.3% of the variance in appetite was explained by altered ReHo. This analysis provides the first evidence of abnormal resting-state local functional synchronization and intrinsic global connectivity patterns in healthy subjects with SJL in real-life settings. These changes were independent of sleep deprivation and correlated with appetite.
Creative therapeutic interventions for clinicians to promote physical activity in older adults with a history of brain injury: a viewpoint

Abstract The positive effects of physical activity on recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI) have been thoroughly researched; however, limited knowledge exists on alternative treatment approaches to manage clients aging with a TBI. The long-term physical, cognitive and behavioral impairments that result from TBI affect physical activity. Current research supports implementation of novel approaches to promote prolonged independence and functional mobility after TBI. There is minimal evidence that evaluates group fitness, therapeutic yoga, music therapy, virtual reality and canine-assisted therapy to address the cognitive, behavioral, physical and functional changes associated with the aging TBI population. The purpose of this position article is to identify and explore creative interventions utilized by experienced clinicians that have demonstrated improved outcomes in clients aging with TBI.
Enfoque Combinado de Word2Vec y 2-grams para la Recuperación de Avisos Clasificados Inmobiliarios Semánticamente Relacionados

The publication of real estate ads has become the preferred advertising medium for both individuals and real estate companies. This has caused a significant growth in the number of ads, making it difficult to search for a suitable property, much more so if the search is in a big city. This work proposes an approach based on text mining and natural language processing techniques for the recovery of semantically related classified ads. For this purpose, the ads licencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional
The Influence of Modern Social Media on Dermatologist Selection by Patients

Objective Social media have become the platform of choice for people seeking immediate access to information. They have become so ubiquitous and pervasive that many people are using them to research health care providers and communicate with them about their issues. This study looks into this phenomenon, focusing on how it affects people’s thinking when deciding which doctor to see for skin-related concerns. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients at Derma Clinic in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using a validated self-administered questionnaire. A total of 365 patients were included in the analysis. Results Out of 365 participants, 44.9% visited the center for medical purposes, while 45.8% visited for cosmetic purposes. Sixty-six percent of the participants (n=241) went to a dermatologist they knew, and only 21% of those participants knew their dermatologist from social media (Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat, Facebook, and Telegram). About 44.54% preferred to know more about their dermatologists from Twitter, followed by Instagram 27.96%, Snapchat 24.64%, and Facebook 2.84%. A significant proportion of Instagram users came to the dermatology clinic for cosmetic purposes. Conclusion As per the findings of this study, we found the highest preferred way of knowing the doctor for medical or cosmetic purposes was through a friend, followed by a family member and social media. Although most of the participants still preferred to visit a dermatologist based on their friend’s recommendation, social media offer patients a platform upon which to launch their search for a dermatologist. Among social media users, patients who visit dermatology clinics for medical reasons preferred Twitter, while those who came for cosmetic reasons preferred Instagram to follow their doctors, underlining the importance of aesthetic dermatology as a visual field.