Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Genetic linkage analysis in familial breast and ovarian cancer: results from 214 families. The Breast Cancer Linkage Consortium.

Breast cancer is known to have an inherited component, consistent in some families with autosomal dominant inheritance; in such families the disease often occurs in association with ovarian cancer. Previous genetic linkage studies have established that in some such families disease occurrence is linked to markers on chromosome 17q. This paper reports the results of a collaborative linkage study involving 214 breast cancer families, including 57 breast-ovarian cancer families; this represents almost all the known families with 17q linkage data. Six markers on 17q, spanning approximately 30 cM, were typed in the families. The aims of the study were to define more precisely the localization of the disease gene, the extent of genetic heterogeneity and the characteristics of linked families and to estimate the penetrance of the 17q gene. Under the assumption of no genetic heterogeneity, the strongest linkage evidence was obtained with D17S588 (maximum LOD score [Zmax] = 21.68 at female recombination fraction [theta f] = .13) and D17S579 (Zmax = 13.02 at theta f = .16). Multipoint linkage analysis allowing for genetic heterogeneity provided evidence that the predisposing gene lies between the markers D17S588 and D17S250, an interval whose genetic length is estimated to be 8.3 cM in males and 18.0 cM in females. This position was supported over other intervals by odds of 66:1. The location of the gene with respect to D17S579 could not be determined unequivocally. Under the genetic model used in the analysis, the best estimate of the proportion of linked breast-ovarian cancer families was 1.0 (lower LOD-1 limit 0.79). In contrast, there was significant evidence of genetic heterogeneity among the families without ovarian cancer, with an estimated 45% being linked. These results suggest that a gene(s) on chromosome 17q accounts for the majority of families in which both early-onset breast cancer and ovarian cancer occur but that other genes predisposing to breast cancer exist. By examining the fit of the linkage data to different penetrance functions, the cumulative risk associated with the 17q gene was estimated to be 59% by age 50 years and 82% by age 70 years. The corresponding estimates for the breast-ovary families were 67% and 76%, and those for the families without ovarian cancer were 49% and 90%; these penetrance functions did not differ significantly from one another.
Syndecan-2 Regulates the Migratory Potential of Melanoma Cells*

Syndecan-2, a transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan, is a critical mediator in the tumorigenesis of colon carcinoma cells. We explored the function of syndecan-2 in melanoma, one of the most invasive types of cancers, and found that the expression of this protein was elevated in tissue samples from both nevus and malignant human melanomas but not in melanocytes of the normal human skin tissues. Similarly, elevated syndecan-2 expression was observed in various melanoma cell lines. Overexpression of syndecan-2 enhanced migration and invasion of melanoma cells, whereas the opposite was observed when syndecan-2 levels were knocked down using small inhibitory RNAs. Syndecan-2 expression was enhanced by fibroblast growth factor-2, which is known to stimulate melanoma cell migration; however, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone decreased syndecan-2 expression and melanoma cell migration and invasion in a melanin synthesis-independent manner. Furthermore, syndecan-2 overexpression rescued the migration defects induced by α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone treatment. Together, these data strongly suggest that syndecan-2 plays a crucial role in the migratory potential of melanoma cells.
Iceberg-cube algorithms: An empirical evaluation on synthetic and real data

The Iceberg-Cube problem is to identify the combinations of values for a set of attributes for which a specified aggregation function yields values over a specified aggregate threshold. We implemented bottom-up and top-down methods for this problem and performed extensive experiments featuring a variety of synthetic and real databases. The bottom-up method included pruning. Results show that in most cases the top-down method, with or without pruning, was slower than the bottom-up method, because of less effective pruning. However, below a crossover point, the top-down method is faster. This crossover point occurs at a relatively low minimum support threshold, such as 0.01% or 1.5%. The bottom-up method is recommended for cases when a minimum support threshold higher than the crossover point will be selected. The top-down method is recommended when a minimum support threshold lower than the crossover point will be used or when a large number of results is expected.
CC Chemokine Receptor 7 Contributes to Gi-Dependent T Cell Motility in the Lymph Node1

Naive T cells migrate extensively within lymph node (LN) T zones to scan for Ag-bearing dendritic cells. However, the extracellular signals controlling T cell motility in LNs are not well defined. In this study, by real-time imaging of LNs, we show that the inhibition of Gi signaling in T cells severely impairs their migration. The chemokine CCL21, a ligand of CCR7, strongly induces chemokinesis in vitro, and T cell motility in LNs from CCR7 ligand-deficient plt/plt mice was reduced. CCR7-deficient T cells in wild-type LNs showed a similar reduction in motility, and antagonism of CXCR4 function did not further decrease their motility. The effect of CCR7 or CCR7-ligand deficiency could account for ∼40% of the Gi-dependent motility. These results reveal a role for CCR7 in promoting T cell migration within lymphoid organ T zones, and they suggest the additional involvement of novel Gi-coupled receptors in promoting T cell motility at these sites.
REVIEW: The alcohol‐preferring P rat and animal models of excessive alcohol drinking

The alcohol‐preferring, P, rat was developed by selective breeding to study ethanol drinking behavior and its consequences. Characterization of this line indicates the P rat meets all of the criteria put forth for a valid animal model of alcoholism, and displays, relative to their alcohol‐non‐preferring, NP, counterparts, a number of phenotypic traits associated with alcohol abuse and alcoholism. Behaviorally, compared with NP rats, P rats are less sensitive to the sedative and aversive effects of ethanol and more sensitive to the stimulatory effects of ethanol. Neurochemically, research with the P line indicates the endogenous dopaminergic, serotonergic, GABAergic, opiodergic, and peptidergic systems may be involved in a predisposition for alcohol abuse and alcoholism. Paralleling the clinical literature, genetically selected P rats display levels of ethanol intake during adolescence comparable to that seen during adulthood. Binge drinking has been associated with an increased risk for health and other problems associated with ethanol abuse. A model of binge‐like drinking during the dark cycle indicates that P rats will consume 6 g/kg/day of ethanol in as little as three 1‐hour access periods/day, which approximates the 24‐hour intake of P rats with free‐choice access to a single concentration of ethanol. The alcohol deprivation effect (ADE) is a transient increase in ethanol intake above baseline values upon re‐exposure to ethanol access after an extended period of deprivation. The ADE has been proposed to be an animal model of relapse behavior, with the adult P rat displaying a robust ADE after prolonged abstinence. Overall, these findings indicate that the P rat can be effectively used in models assessing alcohol‐preference, a genetic predisposition for alcohol abuse and/or alcoholism, and excessive drinking using protocols of binge‐like or relapse‐like drinking.
SODELOVANJE MED STARŠI IN ŠOLO

Pricujoce diplomsko delo je sestavljeno iz dveh delov, teoreticnega in empiricnega. V teoreticnem delu so predstavljene družina, sola, komunikacija in sodelovanje med starsi (družino) in solo. Ker je cilj obeh, tako družine kot sole, uspesnost otrok, se nam zdi pomembno, da si sola prizadeva za dobro sodelovanje, kar je tudi dokaz kvalitete njenega dela. V diplomskem delu so pojasnjene naloge družine, oblike družin in družinska vzgojna sredstva. Na podoben nacin so opisane naloge sole, razložena je uciteljeva avtoriteta, predstavljena so uciteljeva vzgojna sredstva in pogoste napake uciteljev,. Mnogokrat so prav te ovira za dobro sodelovanje med starsi in ucitelji. V nadaljevanju je opisana komunikacija, ki je pomemben del sodelovanja, saj napacna komunikacija lahko povzroci vec skode kot koristi. Glede sodelovanja med starsi in solo obstajajo dolocena nacela sodelovanja, ki naj bi se jih držali obe strani. Opisane so ovire in prednosti sodelovanja, oblike vkljucevanja starsev, izkusenjske metode dela s starsi ter formalne in neformalne oblike sodelovanja med solo in domom. V empiricnem delu smo preverili, kako poteka sodelovanje med starsi in solo v praksi na Dvojezicni osnovni soli I Lendava — 1. Szamu KetnyelvA± Altalanos Iskola Lendva. Zanimalo nas je predvsem kako to sodelovanje doživljajo starsi. Odgovore smo primerjali glede na starost in izobrazbo starsev ter glede na stopnjo njihovega otroka. Izkazalo se je, da starsi DOS I Lendava — 1. Sz. KAI Lendva najpogosteje obiskujejo govorilne ure in roditeljske sestanke, redko ali nikoli pa ne obiscejo sveta starsev, dni odprtih vrat ter sole za starse. Pokazalo se je tudi, da je med starsi, ki pogosto sodelujejo s solo, najvec takih z visjesolsko izobrazbo. Starsi se (po pricakovanjih) najpogosteje obracajo na razrednika oz. ucitelja posameznega predmeta, vzrok za obisk pa so težave otrok v soli (bodisi ucne, bodisi vedenjske). Starsi so izkazali najvec zadovoljstva z govorilnimi urami in roditeljskimi sestanki, najmanj pa s svetom starsev.
Robust stabilization of a class of time-delay nonlinear systems with Markovian jump

The problem of robust stabilization of time-delay nonlinear systems with Markovian jump with a triangular structure is studied. Based on backstepping method, we prove that the closed system is almost surely asymptotically stable and the controller and the associated Lyapunov function is independent of the generator of the Markov process.
The anterior cruciate ligament injury controversy: is “valgus collapse” a sex-specific mechanism?

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is a devastating injury that puts an athlete at high risk of future osteoarthritis. Identification of risk factors and development of ACL prevention programmes likely decrease injury risk. Although studies indicate that sagittal plane biomechanical factors contribute to ACL loading mechanisms, it is unlikely that non-contact ACL injuries occur solely in a sagittal plane. Some authors attempt to ascribe the solely sagittal plane injury mechanism to both female and male ACL injuries and rebuff the concept that knee “valgus” is associated with isolated ACL injury. Prospective studies that utilise coupled biomechanical and epidemiological approaches demonstrated that frontal knee motions and torques are strong predictors of future non-contact ACL injury risk in female athletes. Video analysis studies also indicate a frontal plane “valgus collapse” mechanism of injury in women. As load sharing between knee ligaments is complex, frontal as well as sagittal and transverse plane loading mechanisms likely contribute to non-contact ACL injury. The purpose of this review is to summarise existing evidence regarding ACL injury mechanisms and to propose that sex-specific mechanisms of ACL injury may occur, with women sustaining injuries by a predominantly “valgus collapse” mechanism. Conclusion: Prevention programmes and interventions that only target high-risk sagittal plane landing mechanics, especially in the female athlete, are likely to be less effective in ameliorating important frontal and transverse plane contributions to ACL injury mechanisms and could seriously hamper ACL injury prevention efforts. Programmes that target the reduction of high-risk valgus and sagittal plane movements will probably prove to be superior for ACL injury prevention.
Exercise: effects on physical functional performance in independent older adults.

BACKGROUND Age-related loss in physiologic capacities contributes to the decline in physical function in the elderly population. Despite the beneficial effects of exercise interventions on maximal physiologic capacity measures, the functional benefits have not been shown in independently living older adults. The objective of this study was to evaluate exercise in independent older adults for significant and meaningful improvements in physical function, not detected by commonly used measures of physical function. METHODS In a randomized controlled study, 49 independently living men and women were assigned to either a nonexercise control group (Control; n = 26) or an exercise training group (Exercise; n = 23). Participants (age = 76+/-4) in good general health were recruited from retirement communities or apartments. The combined endurance and strength training was performed at 75% to 80% intensity; the groups met 3 times/week for 6 months of supervised sessions. Outcome measures included physical capacity, health status, and physical function using a newly developed performance test--the Continuous Scale-Physical Functional Performance test (CS-PFP). RESULTS Compared to the Control group, the Exercise group showed significant increases in maximal oxygen consumption (11%) and muscle strength (33%). No significant differences were found between groups for changes in the Sickness Impact Profile, SF-36 scales, or the 6-minute walk. However, the CS-PFP score improved significantly in the Exercise group (14%, effect size 0.80). CONCLUSIONS Independent older adults gain meaningful functional benefits from several months of exercise training. The public health importance of physical activity may relate not just to its role in preventing decline, but also to its role in enhancing physical function.
Multifed Printed Reflectarray With Three Simultaneous Shaped Beams for LMDS Central Station Antenna

A two-layer reflectarray is proposed as a central station antenna for a local multipoint distribution system (LMDS) in the 24.5-26.5 GHz band. The antenna produces three independent beams in an alternate linear polarization that are shaped both in azimuth (sectored) and in elevation (squared cosecant). The design process is divided into several stages. First, the positions of the three feeds are established as well as the antenna geometry to produce the three beams in the required directions. Second, the phase distribution on the reflectarray surface, which produces the required beam shaping, is synthesized. Third, the sizes of the printed stacked patches are adjusted so that the phase-shift introduced by them matches the synthesized phase distribution. Finally, the radiation patterns are computed for the central and lateral beams, showing a shaping close to the requirements. A breadboard has been manufactured and measured in an anechoic chamber, showing a good behavior, which validates the designing methodology.
Fatty acid synthesis in liver and adipose tissue

Relative importance of adipose tissue and liver as sites of Lipogenesis Fatty acid biosynthesis occurs in all animal tissues but the major sites are generally considered to be adipose tissue, liver and lactating mammary gland (see Romsos & Leveille, 1 9 7 4 ~ ; Volpe & Vagelos, 1976). As a consequence of studies carried out principally during the 1950s and 1960s with laboratory rodents, the adipose tissue has come to be regarded as a more important lipogenic tissue than the liver in non-lactating animals; Masoro et al. (1949) reported that fatty acid biosynthesis was not impaired in hepatectomized rats and adipose tissue was identified as the major site of fatty acid synthesis in mice (Feller, 1954; Favarger, 1965; Jansen et al. 1966) and rats (Hausberger et al. 1954; Leveille, 1966, 1967). In these studies adipose tissue accounted for at least 50% and in some cases as much as 95% of the fatty acids synthesized. Contradictory observations have also been reported in rats (Patkin & Masoro, 1964; de Freitas & Depocas, 1965; Gandemer et al. 1982) and mice (Hems et al. 1975; Hollands 8z Cawthome, 1981; Rath & Thenen, 1980) where the liver was relatively more important than adipose tissue. The discrepancies may be due, at
German nationwide data on current trends and management of acute myocardial infarction: discrepancies between trials and real-life.

AIMS Recent guidelines on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are based on randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and registries with selected patients, and may therefore not represent 'real-life'. This analysis shows for the first time nationwide trends in AMI from Germany. METHODS AND RESULTS We were provided with data on all in-patient hospitalizations by the Federal Statistical Office. All hospitalized cases with AMI (onset of symptoms <28 days) from the years 2005, 2007, and 2009 were analysed regarding morbidity, in-hospital mortality, treatments, and costs. Analysis of a total of 16.1, 16.6, and 17.2 million hospitalizations showed the proportion of coded AMI to remain relatively constant (1276, 1272, and 1181 per 100 000 hospitalizations in 2005, 2007, and 2009). The proportion of ST-elevation AMI decreased over time (STEMI; 631, 546, and 454 per 100 000 hospitalizations),while non-ST-elevation AMI increased (NSTEMI; 645, 726, and 727 per 100 000 hospitalizations). The proportion of older patients >75 years (+4.6%), of comorbidities such as hypertension (+5.8%), diabetes (+17.7%), left ventricular failure (+19.8%), peripheral artery disease (+13.3%), and chronic kidney disease (+165.4%) increased as well. In-hospital mortality remained relatively stable during this period in AMI cases overall (11.1, 10.7, 10.8%) but changed slightly in STEMI (11.2, 11.9, 12.2%) and NSTEMI (11.0, 9.9, 9.9%). Causing about 1.2% of hospitalizations, AMI accounted for 2.5% (1.2 billion €) of in-hospital health expenses. CONCLUSION This hospitalization-based analysis revealed a marked increase of NSTEMI among constant AMI frequency. Despite all current efforts, in-hospital mortality was stagnating on a high level compared with data of RCTs.
Serum Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein, Paraoxonase 1 and Lipid Peroxidation Levels during Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

Increasing evidence suggests that the postprandial state is a contributing factor to the development of atherosclerosis. To evaluate the effects of acute hyperglycemia on the oxidative stress, concentrations of serum-oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL), paraoxonase 1 (PON1), and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were measured in subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (n=35), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (n=25), and diabetic glucose tolerance (DGT) (n=20). In NGT group, the 2 hours' TBARS and oxLDL levels were not statistically different when compared to baseline, and 2 hours' PON1 activities were higher when compared to baseline (p<0.01). Subjects with IGT and DGT have higher 2 hours' serum TBARS and oxLDL levels than their baseline levels (p<0.01, for each). Baseline oxLDL levels of both IGT and DGT groups were higher than NGT group (p<0.01 and p<0.01, respectively). While there were not any significant differences in 2 hours' versus baseline PON1 activities in the IGT group, the 2 hours' versus baseline PON1 activities in the DGT group were significantly lower (p<0.01). The postchallenge 2 hours' PON1 activities of both IGT and DGT groups were lower than NGT group (p<0.01 and p<0.01, respectively). Baseline oxLDL was positively correlated with 2 hours' glucose (r=0.613, p<0.01) in IGT and DGT groups. PON1 activities were correlated with HDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, and fasting glucose (r=0.680, r=0.698 and r=0.431, respectively, for each p<0.01) in NGT. In conclusion, oxidative stress occurs at an early stage in diabetes, and protective effects of HDL against atherosclerosis may be dependent on the PON1 activities.
The use of toxic polynitro derivatives in pest control; the stability of dinitro-o-cresol in compounded products.

Under certain conditions dinitro-o-cresol (D.N.C.) is easily decomposed to reduction products devoid of ovicidal properties to eggs of apple sucker, winter moth and fruit tree red spider. Because of this, corrosion of containers in which D.N. C. products are stored may be accompanied by a deterioration of the product. At the concentration normally used in winter washes (0.1%), D.N. C. is equally effective whether present as cresol or as the sodium cresylate against eggs of apple sucker and of winter modi, but against eggs of fruit tree red spider the cresol is more ovicidal than the cresylate.
Family Caregivers and Limitations in Social Activities

Constriction of social and personal activities is one of the most frequently noted consequences of caring for a frail elder. This study analyzed the correlates of perceived limitations in social activities using data from a national sample of the frail elderly and their caregivers. Two research issues were addressed: 1) What differences in demographic, family, and caregiving attributes are associated with variation in perceived restricted social activities? and, 2) How does the process influencing restriction of social activities vary by family relationship of the caregiver? Higher levels of elder dependency and task demands were characteristic of those who reported social limitations, and daughters and wives were more likely to report such limitations than sons and husbands. Subjective assessment of time and task demands, however, were more important influences than objective caregiving activities for all family caregivers.