Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
CrossTalk opposing view: the hypoxic ventilatory response does not include a central, excitatory hypoxia sensing component

Combining state-of-the-art (opto)genetic, molecular, viral transfection, imaging and staining techniques, Gourine and coworkers have constructed a framework with astrocytes as brain interoceptors particularly focusing on a putative role as central respiratory CO2 and O2 sensors (Gourine et al. 2005; Gourine & Kasparov, 2011; Angelova et al. 2015; Gourine & Funk, 2017; Rajani et al. 2018). In the opinion of this author, this work does not provide conclusive evidence for their hypothesis of an involvement of astrocytes as central O2 sensors in the ventilatory response to hypoxia (HVR) especially in awake animals and humans. Several animal species show immediate hypoventilation, hypercapnia and substantial reduction or entire absence of their HVR after bilateral carotid body denervation (CBD). Partial or complete restoration of the HVR is observed in rat, cat, piglet, goat and pony, all with different rates. This results from up-regulation of aortic bodies, release from cortical inhibition, recruitment of accessory glomus tissue in the trunk, neuroplastic changes consisting of axon regeneration, building alternative circuitries and recruiting central (including astrocytic) O2 sensors that may be silent in carotid body-intact conditions
Current data in Greek children indicate decreasing trends of obesity in the transition from childhood to adolescence; results from the National Action for Children's Health (EYZHN) program.

Introduction The aim of the study is to present the most recent estimates of obesity (total and central) prevalence in Greek children and associated risk factors. Methods Population data are derived from a yearly, school-based health survey polled in 2015 on 336,014 (51% boys) children aged 4 to 17 years old from almost 40% of all schools of primary and secondary education in Greece. Anthropometric and physical fitness measurements were obtained by trained investigators. Dietary habits, physical activity status, sedentary activities and sleeping hours were assessed through self-completed questionnaires. The gender and age-specific Body Mass Index (BMI) cut-off points were used in order to define BMI groups. Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the whole population was 22.2% and 9.0% in boys and 21.6% and 7.5% in girls, respectively. Obesity presented decreasing trends in the transition from childhood to adolescence. Central obesity was diagnosed in 95.3% and 93.5% of the simple obese boys and girls, respectively, in almost two to three of overweight children (68.6% of boys and 64.3% of girls), and in 12% of normal weight children. Age, physical fitness, low adherence to Mediterranean diet, insufficient sleeping hours, inadequate physical activity levels and increased screen time were all associated with higher odds of total and central obesity. Conclusions Serious and urgent actions need to be taken from public health policy makers in order not only to prevent a further increase in obesity rates but, more important, to treat obesity and/or the obesity associated co-morbidities.
Structures and Fluorescent and Magnetic Behaviors of Newly Synthesized NiII and CuII Coordination Compounds

Newly designed three trinuclear coordination compounds [Ni3(L1)2(OAc)2(CH3OH)2] (1), [Ni3(L1)2(OAc)2(CH3CH2CH2OH)2]·2CH3CH2CH2OH (2) and [Ni3(L1)2(OAc)2(DMF)2]·1.71DMF (3) and one mononuclear coordination compound [Cu(L2)2] (4) have been synthesized by H2L1 and nickel(II) and copper(II) acetate hydrates in different solvents. Single-crystal X-ray structure determinations revealed that the coordination compounds 1–3 have analogous molecular structures. The coordination compounds 1, 2, and 3 were affected by the coordinated methanol, n-propanol, and N,N-dimethylformamide molecules, respectively, and the various coordinated solvent molecules give rise to the formation of the representive solvent-induced NiII coordination compounds. All the NiII atoms are six-coordinated with geometries of slightly distorted octahedron. Obviously, in the coordination compound 4, the expected salamo-like mono- or tri-nuclear CuII coordination compound has not been obtained, but a new CuII coordination compound [Cu(L2)2] has been gained. The Cu1 atom is four-coordinated and possesses a geometry of slightly distorted planar quadrilateral. Furthermore, the fluorescence properties of coordination compounds 1–4 and magnetic behavior of coordination compound 1 were investigated.
Continence technologies whitepaper: Informing new engineering science research

Advances in healthcare technology for continence have historically been limited compared to other areas of medicine, reflecting the complexities of the condition and social stigma which act as a barrier to participation. This whitepaper has been developed to inspire and direct the engineering science community towards research opportunities that exist for continence technologies that address unmet needs in diagnosis, treatment and long-term management. Our aim is to pinpoint key challenges and highlight related research opportunities for novel technological advances. To do so, we draw on experience and expertise from academics, clinicians, patients and patient groups linked to continence healthcare. This is presented in four areas of consideration: the clinical pathway, patient perspective, research challenges and effective innovation. In each we introduce seminal research, background information and demonstrative case-studies, before discussing their relevance to engineering science researchers who are interested in approaching this overlooked but vital area of healthcare.
Restricted immune activation and internalisation of anti-idiotype complexes between drug and antidrug antibodies

Objectives Therapeutic antibodies can provoke an antidrug antibody (ADA) response, which can form soluble immune complexes with the drug in potentially high amounts. Nevertheless, ADA-associated adverse events are usually rare, although with notable exceptions including infliximab. The immune activating effects and the eventual fate of these ‘anti-idiotype’ complexes are poorly studied, hampering assessment of ADA-associated risk of adverse events. We investigated the in vitro formation and biological activities of ADA-drug anti-idiotype immune complexes using patient-derived monoclonal anti-infliximab antibodies. Methods Size distribution and conformation of ADA-drug complexes were characterised by size-exclusion chromatography and electron microscopy. Internalisation of and immune activation by complexes of defined size was visualised with flow imaging, whole blood cell assay and C4b/c ELISA. Results Size and conformation of immune complexes depended on the concentrations and ratio of drug and ADA; large complexes (>6 IgGs) formed only with high ADA titres. Macrophages efficiently internalised tetrameric and bigger complexes in vitro, but not dimers. Corroborating these results, ex vivo analysis of patient sera demonstrated only dimeric complexes in circulation. No activation of immune cells by anti-idiotype complexes was observed, and only very large complexes activated complement. Unlike Fc-linked hexamers, anti-idiotype hexamers did not activate complement, demonstrating that besides size, conformation governs immune complex potential for triggering effector functions. Conclusions Anti-idiotype ADA-drug complexes generally have restricted immune activation capacity. Large, irregularly shaped complexes only form at high concentrations of both drug and ADA, as may be achieved during intravenous infusion of infliximab, explaining the rarity of serious ADA-associated adverse events.
Understanding Cross-Site Linking in Online Social Networks

As a result of the blooming of online social networks (OSNs), a user often holds accounts on multiple sites. In this article, we study the emerging “cross-site linking” function available on mainstream OSN services including Foursquare, Quora, and Pinterest. We first conduct a data-driven analysis on crawled profiles and social connections of all 61.39 million Foursquare users to obtain a thorough understanding of this function. Our analysis has shown that the cross-site linking function is adopted by 57.10% of all Foursquare users, and the users who have enabled this function are more active than others. We also find that the enablement of cross-site linking might lead to privacy risks. Based on cross-site links between Foursquare and external OSN sites, we formulate cross-site information aggregation as a problem that uses cross-site links to stitch together site-local information fields for OSN users. Using large datasets collected from Foursquare, Facebook, and Twitter, we demonstrate the usefulness and the challenges of cross-site information aggregation. In addition to the measurements, we carry out a survey collecting detailed user feedback on cross-site linking. This survey studies why people choose to or not to enable cross-site linking, as well as the motivation and concerns of enabling this function.
A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled, Phase 3 Trial Evaluating the Efficacy of Burosumab, an Anti‐FGF23 Antibody, in Adults With X‐Linked Hypophosphatemia: Week 24 Primary Analysis

In X‐linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), inherited loss‐of‐function mutations in the PHEX gene cause excess circulating levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), leading to lifelong renal phosphate wasting and hypophosphatemia. Adults with XLH present with chronic musculoskeletal pain and stiffness, short stature, lower limb deformities, fractures, and pseudofractures due to osteomalacia, accelerated osteoarthritis, dental abscesses, and enthesopathy. Burosumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody, binds and inhibits FGF23 to correct hypophosphatemia. This report summarizes results from a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase 3 trial of burosumab in symptomatic adults with XLH. Participants with hypophosphatemia and pain were assigned 1:1 to burosumab 1 mg/kg (n = 68) or placebo (n = 66) subcutaneously every 4 weeks (Q4W) and were comparable at baseline. Across midpoints of dosing intervals, 94.1% of burosumab‐treated participants attained mean serum phosphate concentration above the lower limit of normal compared with 7.6% of those receiving placebo (p < 0.001). Burosumab significantly reduced the Western Ontario and the McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) stiffness subscale compared with placebo (least squares [LS] mean ± standard error [SE] difference, –8.1 ± 3.24; p = 0.012). Reductions in WOMAC physical function subscale (–4.9 ± 2.48; p = 0.048) and Brief Pain Inventory worst pain (–0.5 ± 0.28; p = 0.092) did not achieve statistical significance after Hochberg multiplicity adjustment. At week 24, 43.1% (burosumab) and 7.7% (placebo) of baseline active fractures were fully healed; the odds of healed fracture in the burosumab group was 16.8‐fold greater than that in the placebo group (p < 0.001). Biochemical markers of bone formation and resorption increased significantly from baseline with burosumab treatment compared with placebo. The safety profile of burosumab was similar to placebo. There were no treatment‐related serious adverse events or meaningful changes from baseline in serum or urine calcium, intact parathyroid hormone, or nephrocalcinosis. These data support the conclusion that burosumab is a novel therapeutic addressing an important medical need in adults with XLH. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient

Objective This study was conducted to investigate the reliability and validity of the Korean version of Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ). Methods 20 participants with high-functioning autism (HFA) and 99 normal participants were recruited. All participants were completed the AQ and Empathy Quotient (EQ), and parents of the HFA group completed the parent-report AQ. For testing the reliability, we examined Cronbach’s alpha, performed item analysis, and compared self versus parent report score of HFA participants. For testing the validity, we compared the difference of the score of AQ among HFA and control group using independent t-tests, and performed correlation analysis between AQ and EQ. The receiver operation characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine a cut-off. Results The Korean version of the AQ exhibited adequate internal consistency, and in most items, the HFA group scored higher in comparison to the control group. It was demonstrated that AQ has good discriminant validity through the confirmation of the significant difference in the AQ score between two groups. The concurrent validity was established through the significant correlation between AQ and EQ in the HFA group. The best estimate cut-off score of AQ for screening was 23. Conclusion The Korean version of the AQ was determined as a reliable and valid instrument to assess HFA in Korean population.
Ghrelin levels in obese children of diabetic parents

Obesity beginning in childhood often leads to hyperinsulinemic state. Ghrelin, a recently discovered growth hormone (GH) secretagogue with orexigenic effects, is proposed to be a regulator of energy balance. It is thought to be associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Increased abdominal fat may lead to the development of metabolic syndrome in children and has been strongly associated with insulin resistance. The aims of this study were to determine fasting ghrelin levels of obese children of diabetic parents and obese children of non-diabetic parents and to investigate possible correlations between ghrelin hormones with insulin levels. This was a cross sectional study. Eighty obese children ranging from 5 to 18 years of age were recruited from the Pediatric Clinic of Shalamar Hospital, Lahore. These children were divided in two groups. Group A consists of forty obese children of diabetic parents and Group B having forty obese children of non-diabetic parents. A significant increase in the mean level of insulin, insulin resistance, triglycerides and fasting blood glucose were observed with concomitant significant decrease in the mean level of ghrelin. Fasting ghrelin levels were negatively correlated with insulin, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. The results suggest that the down regulation of ghrelin secretion may be a consequence of higher insulin resistance associated with visceral fat accumulation. Ghrelin might prove to be a useful tool to identify obese children at risk for developing insulin resistance, diabetes or metabolic syndrome. Key words: Ghrelin, obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome.
First detection of Leishmania donovani in sand flies from Cameroon and its epidemiological implications

A sound knowledge of the vector‐host‐parasite transmission dynamics is a prerequisite for adequate control measures of vector‐borne diseases. To achieve this, an entomological investigation was conducted in the cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) endemic focus of Mokolo District, northern Cameroon to identify the insect vector(s) of the disease.
Head size in primary total hip arthroplasty

The use of larger femoral head size in total hip arthroplasty (THA) has increased during the past decade; 32 mm and 36 mm are the most commonly used femoral head sizes, as reported by several arthroplasty registries. The use of large femoral heads seems to be a trade-off between increased stability and decreased THA survivorship. We reviewed the literature, mainly focussing on the past 5 years, identifying benefits and complications associated with the trend of using larger femoral heads in THA. We found that there is no benefit in hip range of movement or hip function when head sizes > 36 mm are used. The risk of revision due to dislocation is lower for 36 mm or larger bearings compared with 28 mm or smaller and probably even with 32 mm. Volumetric wear and frictional torque are increased in bearings bigger than 32 mm compared with 32 mm or smaller in metal-on-cross-linked polyethylene (MoXLPE) THA, but not in ceramic-on-XLPE (CoXLPE). Long-term THA survivorship is improved for 32 mm MoXLPE bearings compared with both larger and smaller ones. We recommend a 32 mm femoral head if MoXLPE bearings are used. In hips operated on with larger bearings the use of ceramic heads on XLPE appears to be safer. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2018;3 DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.3. 170061.
Scientometric analysis of Condensed Matter Physics journal

The paper is dedicated to 25th anniversary of Condensed Matter Physics journal (CMP). It contains the results of comprehensive analysis of different journal-related data. CMP co-authorship relationships are studied analysing the collaboration network. Its cumulative statical and dynamical properties as well as the structure are discussed. The international contribution to the journal is assessed using the authors' affiliation data. The network of the countries collaborating within CMP is considered. Another kind of network is used to investigate the topical spectrum: two PACS indices assigned to one paper are connected by link here. The structure of the most significant interdisciplinary connections is analysed. Finally, the download statistics and the corresponding records of the papers' citations are used to discuss the journal's impact.
Immunopeptidomics Special Issue

The use of peptides to infer protein expression is very familiar to all of those who undertake bottom-up proteomics studies of cells, tissues, and fluids. Remarkably, an analogous process is used by the immune system to report on the presence of infectiousmicroorganisms,malignancy, and other abnormalities within the body. This process known as antigen processing and presentation relies on the selection and presentation of peptides on the surface of cells as a bound complex with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. The isolation and characterization of these MHC-bound peptides, predominantly through the use of mass spectrometry, has been coined immunopeptidomics and is the subject of this special issue. Immunopeptidomics as a field has rapidly matured in the past decade and has moved from being the domain of just a handful of specialized laboratories to now being more generally applied by the proteomics and immunology communities. The development of immunoproteomics was pioneered by the groups of Don Hunt with Victor Englehard and Alessandro Sette[1–5] and HansGeorg Rammensee. [6–9] Over the years, the protocols developed by these groups have been refined but the basic premise of isolating peptide-MHC complexes under near-native conditions and the analysis of the bound peptide cargo primarily by LC-MS/MS remain unchanged. What has changed is the instrumentation and sensitivity of the measurements which have allowed analysis of thousands of peptides using this technique. With such information-rich and deep datasets reporting on peptide epitope display by a variety of different cell types and tissues have come profound insights into fundamental mechanisms of antigen presentation (e.g., refs. 2,4,10–17) and how this may be perturbed by various environmental or infectious agents (e.g., refs. 18–20). The maturation of immunopeptidomics has also facilitated the identification of T cell epitopes in a variety of diseases including autoimmunity (e.g., refs. 21–24), cancer (e.g., refs. 25–31), and infectious disease (e.g., refs. 32–35). It has revealed the critical role that post-translational modification (e.g., refs. 24,30,31,36–40) has in the immune response and allowed enumeration of specific epitopes with great accuracy and precision (e.g., refs. 41–43).
Prevalence of Abnormal Glucose Regulation according to Different Diagnostic Criteria in Ischaemic Stroke without a History of Diabetes

We aimed to investigate the prevalence and distribution of abnormal glucose regulation, including prediabetes and newly diagnosed diabetes, according to different criteria in ischaemic stroke patients without a history of diabetes. Data were derived from a representative cohort across China. Prediabetes was defined as fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 5.6–6.9 mmol/L or 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 7.8–11.0 mmol/L or haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) 5.7–6.4%. Newly diagnosed diabetes was defined as FPG ≥ 7.0 mmol/L, 2 h OGTT ≥ 11.1 mmol/L or HbA1c ≥ 6.5%. Among 1251 ischaemic stroke patients, 471 (37.5%) were detected as prediabetes and 539 (43.1%) were detected as newly diagnosed diabetes. Prediabetes was present in 118 (9.4%), 290 (23.2%) and 314 (25.1%) stroke patients, and newly diagnosed diabetes was present in 138 (11.0%), 370 (29.6%), and 365 (29.2%) stroke patients, based on FPG, 2 h OGTT, and HbA1c criteria, respectively. Dependency on FPG alone would have missed 74.9% of patients in the prediabetes range and 74.4% of patients in the diabetes range. Our study demonstrated a high prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes in ischaemic stroke patients without a history of diabetes. OGTT and HbA1c helped detect the majority of prediabetes and newly diagnosed diabetes in ischaemic stroke patients.
Effects of Modified Pyramid System on Muscular Strength and Hypertrophy in Older Women

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the effects of a pyramid system performed with two repetition zones on muscular strength and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) in older women. Thirty-nine physically independent older women (67.8±5.4 years) were randomly assigned into one of two of groups that performed an 8-week resistance training program in an ascending pyramid fashion. Both groups performed 3 sets: a narrow repetition zone (NPR, n=20) with 12/10/8 repetitions, and a wide repetition zone (WPR, n=19) with 15/10/5 repetitions. The program consisted of 8 whole-body exercises, performed 3 times a week. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure SMM, and muscular strength was evaluated by one-repetition maximum (1RM). Both groups increased (P<0.05) SMM (NPR=+ 4.7%, effect size=+ 0.34; WPR=+ 8.4%, effect size=+ 0.77), and total strength (NPR=+ 11.3%, effect size=+ 0.80; WPR=+ 13.8%, effect size=0.84), without statistical differences between them. Results suggest that both zones of repetitions in a pyramid system are effective strategies to improve muscular strength and muscle growth in older women.
Human adaptive immune receptor repertoire analysis—Past, present, and future

The genes encoding adaptive immune antigen receptors, namely the immunoglobulins expressed in membrane‐bound or secreted forms by B cells, and the cell surface T cell receptors, are unique in human biology because they are generated by combinatorial rearrangement of the genomic DNA. The diversity of receptors so generated in populations of lymphocytes enables the human immune system to recognize antigens expressed by pathogens, but also underlies the pathological specificity of autoimmune diseases and the mistargeted immunity in allergies. Several recent technological developments, foremost among them the invention of high‐throughput DNA sequencing instruments, have enabled much deeper and thorough evaluation of clones of human B cells and T cells and the antigen receptors they express during physiological and pathogenic immune responses. The evolutionary struggles between host adaptive immune responses and populations of pathogens are now open to greater scrutiny, elucidation of the underlying reasons for successful or failed immunity, and potential predictive modeling, than ever before. Here we give an overview of the foundations, recent progress, and future prospects in this dynamic area of research.