Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The impact of the atmospheric turbulence-development tendency on new particle formation: a common finding on three continents

Abstract A new mechanism of new particle formation (NPF) is investigated using comprehensive measurements of aerosol physicochemical quantities and meteorological variables made in three continents, including Beijing, China; the Southern Great Plains site in the USA; and SMEAR II Station in Hyytiälä, Finland. Despite the considerably different emissions of chemical species among the sites, a common relationship was found between the characteristics of NPF and the stability intensity. The stability parameter (ζ = Z/L, where Z is the height above ground and L is the Monin–Obukhov length) is found to play an important role; it drops significantly before NPF as the atmosphere becomes more unstable, which may serve as an indicator of nucleation bursts. As the atmosphere becomes unstable, the NPF duration is closely related to the tendency for turbulence development, which influences the evolution of the condensation sink. Presumably, the unstable atmosphere may dilute pre-existing particles, effectively reducing the condensation sink, especially at coarse mode to foster nucleation. This new mechanism is confirmed by model simulations using a molecular dynamic model that mimics the impact of turbulence development on nucleation by inducing and intensifying homogeneous nucleation events.
Morphology of female subgenital plates and evolution of some Chinese genera of Acrididae (Orthoptera: Acridoidea)

The morphology of female subgenital plate in grasshoppers is closely related to both copulation and oviposition. It is widely accepted that subgenital plate morphology is also informative in grasshopper taxonomy. In this paper, ten species belonging to six genera of Acrididae from China were selected, and their female subgenital plates examined after dissection from the body. The data were then used in a cladistic analysis. The results show that the characters of female subgenital plate are homologous and vary among different genera. The phylogeny of these six genera is ( Carsula ((Phlaeoba, Gonista), (Phlaeobida (Gelastorhinus, Acrida )))),which is congruous with the cladistic results based on other morphological data, and in agreement with the viewpoint that the Leptacrinae be separated from Acrididae. The results also show the evolutionary directions of all 15 characters of female subgenital plates among the six genera.
Niche Separation and the Broken-Stick Model

A reinterpretation of the broken-stick model is presented, where instead of being proportional to relative abundance, segment lengths are proportional to niche distances along a single resource continuum. The model assumes that resource utilization means are located independently of one another along the continuum. Appropriate empirical data from guilds of stem-boring insects, tropical humming-birds and predatory cone snails utilizing niche dimensions of food (insects and hummingbirds) and habitat (cone snails) are presented and found to be in good agreement with the model. Such agreement, and attention to the ordering of niche distances along the continuum, suggests that for the single resource continuua considered competition may not be a strong selective force within these assemblages. In this light, potential use of the model is discussed with reference to detecting competitive structure within single resource continuua.
Expectations of professional and recreational users of artificial reefs in the Gulf of Lion, France

Summary Artificial reefs (ARs) have been deployed in France primarily to sustain artisanal fishery; however, based on their perceptions of these coastal management tools they can also be frequented by other sea users. In this work, the perceptions of AR professional and recreational users (direct users only) were studied by focusing on three AR sites located along the Gulf of Lion coastline (northwestern Mediterranean Sea, France) to determine whether they were becoming multi-use sites or were negatively perceived. Between 2011 and 2012, semi-directed interviews with artisanal fishermen, recreational fishermen, recreational spear fishermen and SCUBA divers were conducted to characterize their profiles, levels of knowledge, and expectations regarding ARs and how well these expectations were satisfied. The results showed although ARs were designed for use by artisanal fishermen that they were also frequented by others, mainly the local populations. The enhancement of fish at AR locations to maintain target species (e.g. Sparus aurata, Mullus sp.) for fishing activities was a common expectation. There were also expectations specific to AR usage, which varied among the different sites and users. Several factors influenced user satisfaction, such as AR design and communications by local authorities regarding this coastal tool. The results of this study indicate that AR users have either neutral or positive perceptions regarding ARs. In addition to their ecological objectives, ARs have socio-economic potential; therefore effective strategies for their management should be explored.
Learning to Classify Morals and Conventions: Artificial Intelligence in Terms of the Economics of Convention

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its relation with societies has become an increasingly interesting subject of study for the social sciences. Nevertheless, there is still an important lack of interdisciplinary and empirical research applying social theories to the field of AI. We here aim to shed light on the interactions between humans and autonomous systems and analyse the moral conventions, which underly these interactions and cause moments of conflict and cooperation. For this purpose we employ the Economics of Convention (EC), originally developed in the context of economic processes of production and management involving humans, objects and machines. We create a dataset from three relevant text sources and perform a qualitative exploration of its content. Then, we train a combination of Machine Learning (ML) classifiers on this dataset, which achieve an average classification accuracy of 83.7%. A qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the predicted conventions reveals, inter alia, that the Industrial and Inspired conventions tend to co-exist in the AI domain. This is the first time, ML classifiers are used to study the EC in different AI-related text types. Our analysis of a larger dataset is especially beneficial for the social sciences.
Doenças infecciosas em búfalos

Existe a tendencia de utilizar nos rebanhos bubalinos praticas de trabalho e manejo fundamentadas em conhecimento desenvolvido para a especie bovina, dado a aparente semelhanca entre ambas. No entanto as diferencas existentes entre as especies sao evidenciadas com a tecnificacao da bubalinocultura e aumento da produtividade animal, pois as solucoes empregadas nos sistemas de producao para a especie bovina podem surtir o mesmo efeito com bubalinos. O aumento da produtividade normalmente introduz ou favorece o aparecimento de patologias decorrentes das alteracoes de manejo; como aumento da densidade animal, alimentacao e confinamento dos animais em producao dentre outros. Neste contexto aumenta a probabilidade da selecao de linhagens de bufalos com maior susceptibilidade a doencas e tambem a transmissao destas no rebanho e entre rebanhos. Serao apresentadas as principais doencas infecciosas ja descritas em bufalos para discussao dos metodos de controle que deverao ser empregados nos rebanhos bubalinos considerando as particularidades da especie.
ULTRASONIC IMAGING FROM CORRELATIONS OF DIFFUSE FIELDS

We present an imaging technique based on correlations of a randomly scattered ultrasonic wavefield. Usually the Green’s function hAB between two points (A,B) is determined by direct pulse/echo measurement. When this is impossible, one can exploit an other idea: if A and B are both passive sensors, hAB can be retrieved from the crosscorrelation of the fields received in A and B, the wave field being generated either by deterministic sources or by random noise. Here a randomly scattered field is generated by sending a 3-MHz pulse through a highly scattering slab. Behind the slab is the medium to image: it consists of four liquid layers with different sound speeds. The cross-correlation of the field received on passive sensors located within the medium is used to estimate the speed of sound. Our experimental results show that the sound speed profile can be precisely imaged. Applications to seismology are discussed. Introduction In most applications of wave physics (imaging, detection, communication), it is essential to know the Green’s function of the medium under investigation. When possible, the Green’s function (or impulse response) hAB between two points A and B is determined by a direct pulse/echo measurement. Recent results[1-3] exploited an other idea: when A and B are both passive sensors, hAB can be recovered from the cross-correlation of the fields received in A and B, the wave field being generated either by deterministic sources or by random noise. Mathematical demonstrations were given, based on a discrete modal expansion with random coefficients in the case of a closed reverberant medium[2,3]. We propose a simple physical interpretation of the emergence of the Green’s function in the correlations, based on reciprocity and time-reversal symmetry which does not require a modal expansion of the field. We also present experimental results with ultrasound as an example of “small-scale seismology” which show that it is possible to do “passive imaging” from the spatial correlations of the multiply scattered field received on passive sensors through a highly scattering medium. Physical argument Why should the direct Green’s function hAB suddenly emerge from spatial correlations of fields received in A and B? In order to give a physical interpretation of that phenomenon, let us consider two receiving points A and B and a source C. We will note hIJ(t) the wave field sensed in I when a Dirac δ(t) is sent by J. If e(t) is the excitation function in C, then the wave fields φA and φB received in A and B will be e(t)⊗hAC(t) and e(t)⊗hBC(t), ⊗ representing convolution. The cross-correlation CAB of the fields received in A and B is then
Evaluation of bone mineral density in hyperprolactinemic patients treated with dopamine agonists

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the bone mineral density (BMD) of hyperprolactinemic women after at least one year treatment with dopamine agonists. A total of 24 patients and 24 healthy control women (mean age of 33 ± 8 and 33.8 ± 0.8 years, respectively, P = 0.74) were participated in this study. Measurement of fasting serum prolactin and estrogen level in the follicular phase was carried out for all patients using RIA and IRMA methods. Bone mineral density was measured by DEXA method and Lunar-DPX device in lumbar spine (L2 - L4) and femoral neck. The mean BMD in study and control groups in the lumbar spine (L2 - L4) was 1.21 ± 0.16 versus 1.14 ± 0.14 g/cm2 (p = 0.10) and in femoral neck was 0.95 ± 0.16 versus 0.92 ± 0.12 g/cm2, respectively (P = 0.47). The mean T-score in patients and controls in L2 - L4 was 0.4 ± 1.23 versus -0.07 ± 0.85 and in femoral neck was -0.21 ± 1.43 versus -0.27 ± 1.04 (P = 0.11 and 0.76, respectively). The mean Z- score of patients and controls groups in L2 - L4site and femoral neck showed no significant differences (P = 0.22 and 0.98). The rate of osteopenia in patients and controls group in L2 - L4 was 12.5 versus 16.7% and in femoral neck was 20.8 versus 33.3%, respectively (P = 0.68 and 0.33). The results showed that BMD of lumbar spine and femoral neck in hyperprolactinemic women treated with dopamine agonists were similar to healthy age matched control women. So in follow up of these patients more treatment modalities in addition to dopamine agonists do not seem necessary. Key words: Hyperprolactinemia, bone density, estrogen, bromocriptine, cabergoline.
The Genome of Aiptasia and the Role of MicroRNAs in Cnidarian-Dinoflagellate Endosymbiosis

The Genome of Aiptasia and the Role of MicroRNAs in CnidarianDinoflagellate Endosymbiosis Sebastian Baumgarten Coral reefs form marine-biodiversity hotspots of enormous ecological, economic, and aesthetic importance that rely energetically on a functional symbiosis between the coral animal and a photosynthetic alga. The ongoing decline of corals worldwide due to anthropogenic influences heightens the need for an experimentally tractable model system to elucidate the molecular and cellular biology underlying the symbiosis and its susceptibility or resilience to stress. The small sea anemone Aiptasia is such a model organism and the main aims of this dissertation were 1) to assemble and analyze its genome as a foundational resource for research in this area and 2) to investigate the role of miRNAs in modulating gene expression during the onset and maintenance of symbiosis. The genome analysis has revealed numerous features of interest in relation to the symbiotic lifestyle, including the evolution of transposable elements and taxonomically restricted genes, linkage of host and symbiont metabolism pathways, a novel family of putative pattern-recognition receptors that might function in host-microbe interactions and evidence for horizontal gene transfer within the animal-alga pair as well as with the associated prokaryotic microbiome.
Advances of research on the carcinogenesis of human Papillomavirus

Human Papillomavirus(HPV) can be transmitted widely in human, which can cause human being's skin and mucosa of dysplasia. Some types of HPV are closely related with malignant genitalia disease. In the carcinogenic process of HPV, E2 gene normally integrates into the host cells, and resultes in the inactivation of E2 protein, which caused the over-expression of E6, E7 genes. Meanwhile, E5 gene sitimulates cell cycles via EGFR, which in turn raising the over-expression of E6, E7 genes. The activities of p53 gene and pRb gene are inhibited by HPV16 E6 and E7 proteins respectively, resulting in the activation of the transcription of hTERT, and the inblance of cells, which could change the cells from the normal to the cancer. The carcinogenic process of HPV is a multi-factor and multi-step process, in which genetic and synergistic factors also play an important role. With the in-depth study, the carcinogenic mechanism of HPV has been drawn increased attention of the basic researchers and clinicians. The explorations of the carcinogenic mechanism of HPV has become the hotspot in the research.
Interspecific Sterility

So complicated is the species problem that certain aspects regarded as cardinal points by some are not even mentioned by others. Sterility which ensues from species crosses is one of these aspects. Bateson never failed to point to interspecific sterility as a central problem. "Until this event"-the origin of a sterile hybrid from fertile parents of common origin-"is witnessed, our knowledge of evolution is incomplete in a vital respect" (Bateson, 1922). On the other side some recent writers dealing with evolution do not include interspecific sterility among their topics. Definitions of the term "species" are manifold, but most of them contain a reference to the fact that the crossing of two forms classified as belonging to different species leads to sterility. Sterility as a result of crossing has even been made the criterion of speciation, although nearly all descriptions of taxonomic species have been given without any test as to sterility in crosses with other taxonomic species. But in most cases when an attempt has been made to cross two such taxonomic species, sterility has been encountered. How does this come about? The taxonomist, if he is careful, bases his judgment on the study of a large group of individuals collected over a large area. He then finds that in spite of the variability in the morphological characteristics of his form, a definite gap exists which separates it from other groups, even though these other groups might be found in the same area. He then reasons that this gap would not exist if intercrossing between the two forms would be frequent and would give fertile offspring. This reasoning might
Competitive Exclusion

Recent developments in the mathematical theory of competitive exclusion are discussed and placed in historical perspective. The models which have been used in theoretical investigations of competitive exclusion are classified into two groups: those in which the resources regenerate according to an algebraic relationship (abiotic resource models), and those in which resource regeneration is governed by differential equations (biotic resource models). We then propose a mathematical framework for considering problems of competitive exclusion, and provide examples in which n competitors can coexist on k < n resources (both biotic and abiotic). These systems persist because of internally generated cyclic behavior. We conclude that the competitive exclusion principle applies in general only to coexistence at fixed densities.
Generating randomness by formin(g) and moving

The actin cytoskeleton plays essential roles in cell polarization and cell morphogenesis of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast cells utilize formin-generated actin cables as tracks for polarized transport, which forms the basis for a positive feedback loop driving Cdc42-dependent cell polarization. Previous studies on cable organization mostly focused on polarized actin cables in budded cells and their role as relatively static tracks for myosin-dependent organelle transport. Using quantitative live cell imaging, we have recently characterized the dynamics of cortical actin cables throughout the yeast cell cycle. Surprisingly, randomly oriented actin cables in G 1 cells exhibited the highest level of dynamics, while cable dynamics was markedly slowed down upon cell polarization. We further demonstrated that the rapid dynamics of randomly oriented cables were driven by the formin Bni1 and Myosin V. Our data suggested a precise spatio-temporal regulation of the two yeast formins, as well as an unexpected mechanism of actin cable rearrangement through myosins. Here we discuss the immediate significance of these findings, which illustrates the importance of generating randomness for cellular organization.
DDT for Control of Bedbugs in Poultry Houses

Abstract THE common bedbug (Cimex lectularius L.) once it has become established in suitable breeding quarters may be difficult to control and almost impossible to eradicate. This is especially true in a poultry house where nesting boxes provide excellent breeding places in addition to being a suitable hiding place located near an adequate food supply. Bedbugs have been frequently reported as pests of chickens. The Mexican poultry bedbug (Haemotosiphon inodora) is commonly found in poultry houses throughout the Southwest. It has been also reported from Florida and probably might soon be recorded from favored localities in the Atlantic seaboard states north of Florida. The common bedbug (Cimex lectularius L.) (Fig. 1) often becomes numerous enough in the poultry house to become a serious pest. This bug is well known as a pest of humans and is not found infesting poultry as often as is the Mexican species. The common bedbug can .
Employment and Technological Innovation: Evidence from U.K. Manufacturing Firms

This article uses British firm-level panel data on actual innovative activity drawn from different statistical sources to identify the effect of technical change on jobs. Previous work tends to find positive associations of proxies for technical change and employment, but such studies suffer from various statistical drawbacks. In this study, even when one controls for fixed effects, dynamics, and endogeneity, innovations have a positive and significant effect on employment, which persists over several years. There seems to be little direct role for spillover effects from industry innovations, or any role for industry wages or union power.
The Effect of Thorax Temperature on Force Production during Tethered Flight in Honeybee (Apis mellifera) Drones, Workers, and Queens

Honeybee drones (Apis mellifera) returning to the hive exhibited thorax temperatures (Tth) from 2.4° to 2.7°C higher than those of workers. Force production during tethered flight described an inverted U shape as a function of Tth. Maximal force produced for drones was 3.95 ± 0.23 mN, for workers, 1.73 ± 0.13 mN, and for queens, 2.15 ± 0.25 mN. In drones the ascending portion of the forceproduction curve was steeper and was right shifted relative to that of workers, so that although drones have higher Tth than workers, dronesproduce similar percentages of maximum force over this portion of the curve.
Cinética de fermentación de Lactobacillus plantarum en un medio de cultivo enriquecido como potencial probiótico

The objective to determine the kinetics of growth of Lactobacillus plantarum in culture medium enriched as potential probiotic. The strains of L. plantarum 1 were tested with MRS commercial medium, and 10 g/L white sugar, 15 g/L soy milk, 150 g/L whey, 15 g/L wheat bran (Medium 4). The variables were evaluated during the kinetics: determination of pH, plaque viability (CFU/ml), determination of total sugar, determination of organic acid production, and evaluation of biomass production. The best results for viability in the medium 4 (M4) were for L. plantarum 1 H1 and L. plantarum 1 H2 with values of 3.0 x 10 and 6.0 x 10 CFU/ml at 12 hours made the kinetics.The evolution of final pH was 4.21 and 4.07 respectively for each strain. The total sugar and lactic acid production in the medium 4 for L. plantarum 1 H1 showed values of 8.90 g/L and 17.66 g/L. For L. plantarum 1 H2 showed values of 10.8 g/L and 13.16 g/L respectively. During the fermentation process carried the two strains tested reach values greater than ofμh. However, it is of note that between the two bacteria the best μh was introduced in L. plantarum 1 H1 and hence, the cell doubling time is lower. L. plantarum 1 on the medium 4 shown to be optimal as probiotic inoculums can be evaluated in piglets as an alternative to antibiotics.
Variation in the life span and size of the freshwater pearl mussel

Within the distribution area of the freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera L.), the maximum observed life span attained in a population varies from 30 to 132 years and the maximum shell length from 80 to 145 mm. For both life-history traits, the growth constant k is a major determinant. The growth constant describes the shape of the average individual growth curve, the lower its value, the slower is the asymptote approached. Maximum size and life span increase as the growth constant declines and the maximum age almost equals the time necessary to complete the growth pattern