Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The productivity-wage premium: does size still matter in a service economy?

The literature has established two robust stylised facts: (i) the existence of a firm size-wage premium; and (ii) a positive relationship between firm size and productivity. However, the existing evidence is mainly based on manufacturing data only. With manufacturing nowadays accounting for a small share of the economy, whether productivity, size, and wages are closely linked, and how tight this link is across sectors, is still an open question. Using a unique micro-aggregated dataset covering the whole economy in 17 countries over 1994-2012, this paper compares these relationships across sectors. While the size-wage and size-productivity premia are significantly weaker in market services compared to manufacturing, the link between wages and productivity is stronger. The combination of these results suggests that, in a service economy the “size-wage premium” becomes more a “productivity-wage premium”. These results have first-order policy implications for both workers and firms.
Use of AVHRR/NOAA-14 multi-temporal data to evaluate soil degradation.

This paper presents a methodology for the use of AVHRR/NOAA-14 (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) sensor data in USLE (universal soil loss equation) for the identification of soil degradation and the mapping of erosion risks at regional level. To apply USLE equation, remote sensing and GIS (Geographic Information System) techniques were used to define sugarcane plantation areas. NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) data acquired from seven different AVHRR images were transformed from gray scale levels to percent of reflectance, because reflectance data are more adequate to get NDVI values. A linear correlation analysis was performed between soil losses ratio and the age of sugarcane to derive the factor C (land use and management) which indicates the soil protection provided by the vegetative cover and it changes gradually as the amount of biomass increases. NDVI data derived from AVHRR/NOAA-14 images were adequate to characterize biomass increase in sugarcane plantations in a 16-month period covering two harvests.
New ankle actuation mechanism for a humanoid robot

In this article we discuss the design of a new ankle actuation mechanism for the humanoid robot TUlip. The new mechanism consists of two coupled series-elastic systems. We discuss the choice of actuators according to calculations for maximum achievable walking speed. Some control issues, MIMO and non-linearities are also discussed.
Influence of polar ozone loss on northern midlatitude regions estimated by a high-resolution chemistry transport model during winter 1999/2000

(1) The Modele Isentropique de transport Mesoechelle de l'Ozone Stratospherique par Advection avec CHIMie (MIMOSA-CHIM) three-dimensional high-resolution chemical transport model has been developed to estimate the contribution of polar ozone destruction to the lower stratosphere ozone budget at midlatitudes. The ability of the model to reproduce the evolution of polar and midlatitude ozone during the 1999/2000 winter is first evaluated by comparisons against lidar and sonde measurements. The modeled potential vorticity (PV) fields are also compared with PV fields derived from ECMWF analyses and the chemical fields of the model are compared with the output of a large- scale chemical transport model in order to highlight the interest of a high-resolution model for resolving fine-scale structures such as polar filaments. A PV-based analysis is performed to estimate the area covered by polar air, vortex, and filaments in the 45N- 55N latitude band at 475K and their contribution to ozone loss. The polar air contribution was found to represent usually between 20% and 40% of the total ozone loss in this latitude band but can reach 50% during large vortex intrusions. At 475K, the total chemical ozone loss in nonpolar air between 45N and 55N increases from 1% in mid- December to 15% at the end of March. Several chemical ozone tracers are considered to investigate the origin of the ozone loss in nonpolar air. These tracers allow us to quantify the amount of chemical ozone destruction that occurred in the vortex, in the polar filamentary structures, and in the nonpolar air. Until February, the main contributor to the nonpolar ozone loss is in situ destruction at midlatitudes, but the contribution from the ozone destruction in the polar vortex increases steadily during the winter and represents about 50% of the total midlatitude ozone loss in April, after the vortex breakup. The contribution from the ozone destruction within filamentary structures is found to be quasi- negligible as a result of the limited number of filaments. INDEX TERMS: 3334 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Middle atmosphere dynamics (0341, 0342); 0341 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Middle atmosphere—constituent transport and chemistry (3334); 0340 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Middle atmosphere—composition and chemistry; KEYWORDS: polar filament, midlatitude, ozone loss, irreversible transport, chemical ozone loss
Systems of Quantity Judgment in Various Species: A Meta-Analysis

ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . iii DEDICATION . iv LIST OF TABLES . viii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . ix CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION . 1 Historical Developments in Research Regarding Quantity Discrimination . 1 Behaviorism and Quantity Discrimination Research . 3 The Cognitive Revolution and Quantity Discrimination Research . 5 Culture, Language, and Number Sense. 8 Neurological Correlates of Quantity Discrimination . 9 Interspecific Number Sense . 11 Advantages of Number Sense . 11 Phylogenetic Groups . 12 Object-File System. 12 Empirical Investigation of the Object-File System . 13 Approximate Number System. 14 Empirical Investigation of the Approximate Number System . 15 Experimental Procedures . 16 vi Simultaneous Choice Task . 17 Sequential Choice Task. 17 Searching Task . 17 Issues Regarding Procedures . 18 Issues Regarding Species . 19 Current Study . 20 Goals of the Current Study . 20 Hypotheses of the Current Study . 20 CHAPTER II – METHOD. 22 Article Identification . 22 Article Inclusion. 23 Final Sample . 23 Coded Variables . 24 CHAPTER III RESULTS . 25 Dependent Variables and Effect Size Transformations . 25 Descriptive Data. 25 Overall Results . 32 Overall Results for Ratio Category . 32 Overall Results for Type of Task . 34 Species Results. 34 vii Infant Results . 34 Prosimian Results. 35 Bird Results . 36 Amphibian Results . 38 Fish Results . 39 Results Summary . 40 CHAPTER IV – DISCUSSION. 44 Methodological Constraints and Future Research . 47 Summary and Implications . 47 APPENDIX A – Permission to Reprint Figure . 49 APPENDIX B Initial Screening for Relevance . 50 APPENDIX C – Unpublished Data Form . 51 REFERENCES . 53
The Rise of a Magnetic Flux Tube in a Background Field: Solar Helicity Selection Rules

The buoyant transport of magnetic fields from the solar interior toward the surface plays an important role in the emergence of active regions, the formation of sunspots, and the overall solar dynamo. Observations suggest that toroidal flux concentrations, often referred to as “flux tubes,” rise from their region of initiation likely in the solar tachocline toward the solar surface due to magnetic buoyancy. Many studies have assumed the existence of such magnetic structures and studied the buoyant rise of an isolated flux tube in a quiescent, field-free environment. Here, motivated by the mechanisms of flux tube formation, we relax the latter assumption and study the rise of a toroidal flux tube embedded in a large-scale poloidal background magnetic field. We find that the presence of the large-scale background field severely affects the dynamics of the rising tube. A relatively weak background field, as low as 6% of the tube strength, can destroy the rise of a tube that would otherwise rise in the absence of the background field. Surprisingly, the rise of tubes with one sign of the twist is suppressed by a significantly weaker background field than the other. This demonstrates a potential mechanism for the selection of the preferred helicity of rising and emerging tubes for the solar case that is commensurate with many features of the hemispherical rule.
The UTMOST: A Hybrid Digital Signal Processor Transforms the Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope

Abstract The Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope (MOST) is an 18000 m2 radio telescope located 40 km from Canberra, Australia. Its operating band (820–851 MHz) is partly allocated to telecommunications, making radio astronomy challenging. We describe how the deployment of new digital receivers, Field Programmable Gate Array-based filterbanks, and server-class computers equipped with 43 Graphics Processing Units, has transformed the telescope into a versatile new instrument (UTMOST) for studying the radio sky on millisecond timescales. UTMOST has 10 times the bandwidth and double the field of view compared to the MOST, and voltage record and playback capability has facilitated rapid implementaton of many new observing modes, most of which operate commensally. UTMOST can simultaneously excise interference, make maps, coherently dedisperse pulsars, and perform real-time searches of coherent fan-beams for dispersed single pulses. UTMOST operates as a robotic facility, deciding how to efficiently target pulsars and how long to stay on source via real-time pulsar folding, while searching for single pulse events. Regular timing of over 300 pulsars has yielded seven pulsar glitches and three Fast Radio Bursts during commissioning. UTMOST demonstrates that if sufficient signal processing is applied to voltage streams, innovative science remains possible even in hostile radio frequency environments.
Terror management theory: A theoretical perspective on orgination, maintenance, and research

Research suggests that humans engage in several worldview defense mechanisms to shield against the terror associated with an awareness of mortality (Greenberg, Pyszczynski, & Solomon, 1986). To mitigate anxiety, people strongly adhere to their cultural worldviews that allow them to boost their self-esteem. This self-esteem fosters a sense of immortality because the world is considered a 'just" place that will not harm someone that is living in adherence to cultural guidelines (Rosenblatt, Greenberg, Solomon, Pyszczynski, & Lyon, 1989). This paper provides a theoretical background for Terror Management Theory including its philosophical origination, the primary tenets of the theory, and the experimental methods used to manipulate death awareness.
Traitement d'antenne et matrice spectrale large bande

L'apport de la matrice spectrale large bande aux techniques de traitement d'antenne constitue le theme principal de cette etude. La modelisation large bande globale qui permet de definir ce type de matrices est d'abord presentee. Leurs principaux avantages et limitations sont ensuite discutes en faisant reference aux modeles connus en bande etroite et en large bande. Des techniques de lissage spatial et frequentiel pouvant s'appliquer aux matrices spectrales large bande sont egalement etudiees. Leur comportement est finement analyse, notamment en terme de modification des rangs des matrices spectrales. Ces techniques de lissage permettent de s'affranchir des difficultes rencontrees lors de l'observation de sources fortement correlees. Elles permettent egalement d'estimer les matrices spectrales large bande a partir d'une seule recurrence des signaux. Les resultats obtenus avec ces techniques sont illustres dans deux domaines d'application differents. Le premier est celui des methodes de localisation active a haute resolution en sonar. Le second concerne l'utilisation du filtrage matriciel en prospection sismique.
Diglyphus isaea (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae): a probable complex of cryptic species that forms an important biological control agent of agromyzid leaf miners

Diglyphus isaea (Walker 1838) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is a primary parasitoid of agromyzid leaf miners (Diptera: Agromyzidae) and has been commercialized as a biological control agent. Diglyphus isaea occurs throughout much of the world and different populations are morphologically identical. Using nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) sequences, we examined variation among Chinese populations of D. isaea. Phylogenetic analyses combined with an analysis of sympatry indicated that D. isaea consists of at least four species in mainland China. The results imply that ITS1 is an efficient marker for identifying congeneric species of parasitic waSPS, and that cryptic species could be common in temperate and subtropical regions. Zusammenfassung Diglyphus isaea (Walker, 1838) ist ein primarer Parasitoid von blattminierenden Agromyziden (Diptera) und wird zu ihrer biologischen Kontrolle vermarktet. Die in weiten Teilen der Welt vorkommenden verschiedenen Populationen sind morphologisch identisch. Untersucht wurden Unterschiede in den nuklearen ribosomalen ITS1-Sequenzen zwischen chinesischen Populationen. Ergebnisse der phylogenetischen Analysen, kombiniert mit einer Sympatrie-Analyse, zeigen, dass D. isaea auf dem chinesischen Kontinent aus mindestens vier Arten besteht. Aus den Ergebnissen geht hervor, dass ITS1 ein effizienter Marker zur Identifizierung congenerischer Arten parasitischer Wespen ist und dass kryptische Arten in gemasigten und subtropischen Regionen verbreitet sein konnen.
Sap Flow Characteristics of Four Dominant Tree Species in a Mixed Conifer-broadleaf Forest in Dinghushan

The plant water use efficiency is not only crucial for plant to maintain a relatively high growth rate but also an important metric of water balance in forest ecosystem. Recent years, sap flow measurement has been widely used as a basis for assessing the water exchange between tree crown and ambient atmosphere for it can keep trees in natural condition without damaging the growth of trees. Many studies on trees忆 sap flow in single species plantations have been carried out across China, but the studies in natural forests are still few. We measured sap flow of four dominant tree species (Pinus manssoniana, Schima suerba, Castanopsis chinensis and Machilus kwangtungensis) in a mixed conifer鄄broadleaf natural forest in the Dinghushan Reserve of South China using the Granier忆s thermal dissipation probe method. The sap flow was measured daily in July and November, 2010, which represented the wet and dry seasons in the region, respectively. The environmental factors such as photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), air temperature (T), relative air humidity (RH) and soil moisture were also recorded. The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the characteristics of sap flow of four dominant tree species, (2) to estimate their relationships with the driving factors of transpiration, (3) and to compare the
Empirical Evidence of Executives’ Perception andScanning of Business Environment in Nigeria

Strategic thinking about firms’ environment enables management to identify relevant environmental factors and industry drivers that weigh on the firms’ objectives, direction, strategy and business model. This study based on administered questionnaire examines executives’ perception of the characteristics of the business environment and its relationship with corporate performance. It was found that while variables in the task environment were considered most uncertain the general environment is the most scanned; and executives’ perception of the nature of the environment has a low association with the intensity of their scanning efforts. It is recommended that managerial discretion and judgement should play a significant role in determining the sections of the environment to be scanned and scanning void should not be permitted if effective and efficient organisation-environment fitment required to secure superior competitive advantage is to be attained
Turning Points in Relationships with Disliked Co-workers

Although most people begin their employment with the education and on-the-job training to handle the tasks their jobs entail, few long-term employees boast that they feel competent in dealing with all the difficult people they encounter in the workplace. Unpleasant coworkers range from annoying nuisances to major sources of job frustration and career roadblocks. Given that periodic preoccupation with unlovable coworkers is nearly a universal feature of organizational life, it is not surprising that such relationships are given due attention in the media and popular press (e.g., Bramson, 1989; Topchik, 2000). What is surprising is how little scholarly attention has been given to such interactions. Scholars have extensively examined the outcomes of positive work relationships, such as social support and friendship through co-worker relationships and guidance through mentoring (e.g., Bridge & Baxter, 1992; Kram & Isabella, 1985). However, only recently has scholarly attention been focused on identifying troublesome coworkers and documenting outcomes of unpleasant work relationships such as cynicism and reduced job satisfaction and organizational commitment (e.g., Fritz, 2002; Omdahl & Fritz, 2000). This neglect of unpleasant or difficult relationships in the workplace mirrors the more general literature on interpersonal communication. For decades, the focus has been on the development and maintenance of effective relationships, and only recently has research on the “dark side” of personal relationships gained attention (Duck, 1994). This examination of negative relationships in general and with negative coworkers in particular is long overdue. People spend considerable time and energy navigating difficult relationships, and many working hours are spent in the company of others whom we do not voluntarily seek out and may actively dislike (Hess, 2000). These relationships have many negative effects on employees and organizations. For instance, research has shown that negative relationships detract from a person’s occupational experience through increased stress, workplace cynicism, organizational turnover, and decreased job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and task effectiveness (e.g., Cooper & Cartwright, 1994; Fritz & Omdahl, 1998). Research that increases scholars’ understanding of the causes, nature, and processes of such relationships can offer insight for communication theory and practice. Disciplines Critical and Cultural Studies | Interpersonal and Small Group Communication | Organizational Communication | Speech and Rhetorical Studies Comments Permission documentation is on file. This book chapter is available at eCommons: http://ecommons.udayton. edu/cmm_fac_pub/7 Turning Points in Relationships with Disliked Co-workers
Star-struck! celebrity attitude : its relationship to body esteem and self-efficacy

The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between celebrity attitude, body esteem and self-efficacy beliefs and whether gender differences exist. A quantitative analysis was the chosen method. A combination of convenience and snowball sample of 136 participants, 62 males and 74 females, were administered the General Self-efficacy Scale (GSE), Body Esteem (BES) and Celebrity Attitude Scale (CAS) via Qualtrics and paper questionnaires. The analyses showed that there was a weak positive significant relationship between the intense-personal level of celebrity attitude and body esteem (rho (136) = . 212, p= . 013). Results indicate a significant gender difference in body esteem (U = -3.457, p = .001).
Pitfalls in fine needle aspiration cytology diagnosis of hyalinizing trabecular tumour

Hyalinizing Trabecular Tumour (HTT) is rare among follicular cell neoplasm and contributes less than 1% of all primary thyroid gland tumours. It is commonly seen in middle age with female prepondenrance. HTT is a benign to malignant potential tumour. The tumour has definite histomorphological features. However cytological diagnosis is challenging. The definite cytological diagnosis of HTT is important to plan the surgical treatment. Here we present two case reports; one in 72 years male and other in 22 years female highlighting the pitfalls in the cytological diagnosis of HTT.
PETRA PROTON BEAM PROFILING BY VIBRATING WIRE SCANNER

A vibrating wire scanner (VWS) based on the strong dependence of the wire oscillation frequency on temperature was developed and used in the 15 GeV/c proton beam of the proton accelerator PETRAII at DESY. The results show an enormous sensitivity of the scanner and the possibility to use it for weak particle beams and beam halo profiling. Details of the measurements and the results are given. Some investigations of the frequency and the Q-factor of the vibrating wire oscillations dependence on vacuum level are presented. INTODUCTION Vibrating wire scanners are based on the extremely sensitive dependence of the wire natural oscillations frequency on its temperature [1-6]. On the other hand, the wire temperature depends on the number of interacting particles/photons with the wire. In this paper experiments with the vibrating wire scanner on a 15 GeV/c proton beam at PETRA are presented. The dependence of Q-factor of the wire on the vacuum pressure is also discussed. This method might give some additional measuring potential to the VWS.
Multi‐temporal Forest Cover Change and Forest Density Trend Detection in a Mediterranean Environment

The loss of forests along with the various types of shrubs in the Mediterranean region is seen as an important driver of climate change and has been repeatedly related with the observed land degradation and desertification in the region. Nevertheless, the extent of woody perennial vegetation cover (WPVC) and its density remain largely unclear. Here, we apply a series of algorithms and methods operationally used in Australia for large‐scale WPVC mapping and monitoring and demonstrate their applicability in the Mediterranean region using a Spanish area as the trial site. Five Landsat TM and ETM+ images from various dates spanning 14 years are used to map changes in the extent of WPVC and to identify areas with a declining, stabilising or recovering trend. Results show that the applied methodology, which incorporates (i) pre‐processing of the Landsat imagery, (ii) a canonical variate analysis to spectrally discriminate between woody and non‐woody land cover types, (iii) a conditional probability network and (iv) spectral indices for mapping woody cover and density trend, is highly successful and well suited for use in Mediterranean environments. A rigorous accuracy assessment is undertaken producing overall accuracies above 97% for both woody and non‐woody cover types and all dates. Results also show that in the area of study, the majority of WPVC disturbances were due to forest fires, which represent the region's most frequent natural and anthropogenic disturbance. This raises significant concerns about the future of the area's WPVC. Regeneration compensated to some degree for the high disturbance rates. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NOVEL NANO-ANTENNA SYSTEM DESIGN USING PHOTONIC SPIN IN A PANDA RING RESONATOR

A novel nano-antenna system design using photonic spin in a PANDA ring resonator is proposed. This photonic spins are generated by a soliton pulse within a PANDA ring, in which the transverse electric (TE) and a transverse magnetic (TM) flelds are generated. The magnetic fleld is introduced by using an aluminum plate coupling to the microring resonator, in which the spin-up and spin-down states are induced, where flnally, the photonic dipoles are formed. In operation, the dipole oscillation frequency is controlled by a soliton power, coupling coe-cients, and ring radii. The obtained results have shown that THz frequency source can be generated by the proposed system. The advantage of proposed system is that the simple and compact nano-antenna with high power pulse source can be fabricated, which can generate and detecte the THz frequency in a single system.