Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Informal Control in Open Source Project: An Empirical Assessment

Control of open source projects is problematic because of the very nature and ideology of the open source paradigm. In contrast to commercial software projects, there are no formal control mechanisms in place and participation is generally voluntary in open source projects. However, despite this apparent lack of control of the project, open source software development has become a viable and cost effective way of developing high quality software. This paper reports on a quantitative study which tested the impact of informal control on the effectiveness of the core group of software developers in open source projects. The findings indicate that clan control and self control impact positively on the various dimensions of the group effectiveness of the core group of software developers in open source projects.
Exploitation of pelagic resources by a non-flying seabirds: Satellite tracking of the king penguin throughout the breeding cycle.

We investigated foraging ranges and strategies of lung penguins at the Crozet Islands (Southern Ocean) for 19 mo using satellite traclung for the first time in this species. Eighteen penguins were fitted with transmitters to determine foraging behaviour throughout the breeding cycle in relation to oceanographic data. The mean foraging range was 471 * 299 km (range 144 to 1489). The total length of trips was 1239 * 671 km (range 397 to 3893), i.e. 64 * 31 km daily. So, the range of the lung penguin is much greater than previously supposed. Two types of track were distinguished, each associated with a different foraging strategy: long and &recl trips to predictable marine resources (towards the Polar Front), and, around the time of hatching, shorter circular trips, during which the birds probably fed on less-predictable resources. During winter, trips appeared erratic and were at their longest (at least 3893 km and foraging range > 1488.7 km). There was a change in the length and direction of tracks according to the breeding phase of the king penguin and probably also according to the position of the Polar Front which moves northwards during austral winter and autumn. All the locations of king penguins were restricted to the zone of modified Antarctic waters around the Crozet Islands, where myctophids, the major prey of king penguins, are available between 200 m deep and the surface (5OC isotherm). Near the Antarctic circumpolar current where cold water masses flow, we found fewer king penguin locations than near the Polar Front where the 5°C isotherm reaches the surface. We suggest that the foraging ecology of the king penguin is closely related to oceanographic features and the biology of its main prey.
Can Social Media Content Increase Financial Market Returns? Survey Results from Poland

Abstract Background and Purpose: In recent years classic financial market theory based on decision makers’ rationality has been challenged by repeated anomalies that became a ‘new normal’. As a result, what we witness today is a considerable turn to behavioral concepts that can shed a new light on choices made by market participants. The astonishing development of social media accelerated scientific validation of such concepts, since the media opened new and capacious ‘laboratory space’ for testing behavioral hypotheses. The main purpose of the article is to examine whether financial market professionals believe that social media content can be useful in achieving additional financial market returns and to investigate the factors behind this belief. Design/Methodology/Approach: We surveyed a sample of over 400 financial market professionals at institutions operating in Poland, and analyzed the results using logit regression models. Results: We established that almost 60% of the surveyed finance professionals recognized the potential of social media for achieving additional returns. We also found out that the differences in respondents’ perception of this potential could be explained mainly by heterogeneity of their job experience and, to a lesser degree, by their job position. Interestingly, more experienced individuals were less likely to recognize this potential. Firm-specific factors did not have a significant effect on the dependent variable. Conclusion: The opinions of financial market professionals regarding the link between social media and additional returns are mixed, which is consistent with the current body of evidence brought by sentiment-based research. Our findings confirm the key role of previous experience in explaining attitudes towards novelties and innovations (such as social media), a phenomenon known from other fields and everyday experience.
Charting the contours of employment relations in foreign-owned MNCs: survey evidence from the Republic of Ireland

This paper reports some preliminary findings from a large scale survey of employment relations practices in 265 multinational corporations (MNCs) operating in Ireland. We investigate the contention that a ‘New Orthodoxy’ is emerging in the Irish ER landscape which suggests that foreign owned and Irish owned companies differ in their approach to the management of employees. From our initial analysis we find evidence that differences exist between foreign and Irish owned MNCs in how they engage with trade union recognition. Irish, UK and rest of Europe MNCs are more likely to recognise trade unions whereas US MNCs are the least likely to recognise trade unions. More strikingly we point to a growing trend of union avoidance amongst unionised companies where it appears they are establishing new sites on a non-union basis. Initial conclusions would suggest support for the view that a ‘New Orthodoxy’ is indeed emerging in Irish employment relations.
Investigating the conversion of cash accounting to accrual accounting and its effect on the quality of financial reporting

Normal 0 false false false RU X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 The main aim of this study is to investigate the conversion of cash accounting to accrual accounting and its effect on the quality of financial reporting in which the conversion of cash accounting to accrual accounting is considered as an independent variable and the quality of financial reporting as dependent variable with three dimensions such as the accountability of auditors, beneficiary of decisions made by the auditors and ascertaining by the auditors. In this research, the relationship between both variables were investigated and analyzed. The statistical population of this research included the accountants, financial officer, income officer and the staff of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences consisting 170 cases of which 118 ones were selected based on the Cochran formula by means of sampling. The aims of this study were applying and the research method was descriptive-surveying. The data of variables were collected by a questionnaire which its stability (Cronbach's alpha, 0.822) was confirmed. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS. The results from the data analysis were obtained by Kolmogorov – Smirnov test and regression analysis which suggest that conversion of the cash accounting to the accrual accounting effect on the quality of the financial reporting, cash accounting effect on the quality of the financial reporting and accrual accounting effect on the quality of the financial reporting, too.
Key breeding Sites of Dengue Vectors in Hanoi, Vietnam,1994-1997

From 1994 to 1997, a total of 6,357 water containers in four districts of Hanoi were investigated for the types, capacity, water volume, positive percentage with Aedes aegypti larvae and number of larvae in different instars. Six types of water containers were found as breeding sites of DF/DHF vector, including drums (38.8%), concrete tanks (26.2%), clay jars (26.0%), discarded objects (5.0%), aquariums (3.5%) and buckets (0.5%). Two species, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, were found from the 47,479 Aedes larvae collected, of which Aedes aegypti were dominant (87.2%). 91.7% of Aedes aegypti larvae were collected from three types of big water containers (drums, tanks and jars). Larval breeding significantly increased during the rainy season from April to November.
The Nexus between Economic Indicators and Economic Growth in Brazil

The objective of the paper is twofold. First is to examine the relationship between economic indicators and economic growth of Brazil economy, second is to look the impact of foreign direct investment on Gross domestic product of Brazil economy. The time series data from 1986-2014 was used of the remittance, foreign direct investment, domestic savings and capital formation to know the impact on Gross domestic product of Brazil. Results have been analyzed by using advanced econometric tools like- unit root test (both ADF and PP), OLS methods and Granger causality test. The results confirmed that, both capital formation and Remittance have positive relationship with GDP, whereas FDI and savings show insignificant influence on GDP of Brazil. In order to minimize the gap between domestic saving and investment and to bring the technology and managerial know-how, remittance could play important role on the way of economic development of Brazil. Similarly the Capital formation is playing an important role in the economic development due to positive impact on GDP. Therefore, government should take pragmatic policy, develop infrastructure, stabilized the political environment, law and order situation. Keywords: Gross Domestic Product, Unit Root test, Granger Causality, Brazil
Immune Function and Diversity of Osteoclasts in Normal and Pathological Conditions

Osteoclasts (OCLs) are key players in controlling bone remodeling. Modifications in their differentiation or bone resorbing activity are associated with a number of pathologies ranging from osteopetrosis to osteoporosis, chronic inflammation and cancer, that are all characterized by immunological alterations. Therefore, the 2000s were marked by the emergence of osteoimmunology and by a growing number of studies focused on the control of OCL differentiation and function by the immune system. At the same time, it was discovered that OCLs are much more than bone resorbing cells. As monocytic lineage-derived cells, they belong to a family of cells that displays a wide heterogeneity and plasticity and that is involved in phagocytosis and innate immune responses. However, while OCLs have been extensively studied for their bone resorption capacity, their implication as immune cells was neglected for a long time. In recent years, new evidence pointed out that OCLs play important roles in the modulation of immune responses toward immune suppression or inflammation. They unlocked their capacity to modulate T cell activation, to efficiently process and present antigens as well as their ability to activate T cell responses in an antigen-dependent manner. Moreover, similar to other monocytic lineage cells such as macrophages, monocytes and dendritic cells, OCLs display a phenotypic and functional plasticity participating to their anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory effect depending on their cell origin and environment. This review will address this novel vision of the OCL, not only as a phagocyte specialized in bone resorption, but also as innate immune cell participating in the control of immune responses.
Art of Today

This is an international survey of contemporary art, taking a critical look at the work of established artists and exploring broad international trends and movements. The book takes the impact of feminist, structuralist and postmodern theories on the visual arts as a central theme. The dominance of New York as a centre of the art market is discussed and the work of lesser-known artists from around the world is acknowledged. In addition, there are features on contemporary art in France, Britain and Russia.
The Sensitivity Analysis of a Lake Ecosystemwith the Conditional Nonlinear Optimal

The instability and sensitivity of a lake ecosystem to the finite-amplitude perturbations related to the initial condition and the parameter correspondingly are studied. The CNOP-I and CNOP-P methods are adopted to investigate this nonlinear system. The numerical results with CNOP-I method show that the lake ecosystem can be nonlinearly unstable with finite-amplitude initial perturbations when the nutrient loading rate is between the two bifurcation points. A large enough finite amplitude initial perturbation, that is, CNOP-I, can induce a transition from an oligotrophic (eutrophic) state to an eutrophic (oligotrophic) state. With CNOP-P method, it is shown that the lake ecosystem can be transformed from an oligotrophic (eutrophic) state to an eutrophic (oligotrophic) state with a large enough finite amplitude parameter perturbation, that is, CNOP-P, no matter how large the nutrient loading rate is.
Development and Testing of a Graphical FORTRAN Learning Tool for Novice Programmers

To address the difficulties associated with computer programming, this article first looks at some reasons why students, especially engineering students, find programming such a daunting prospect, and it proposes a programming learning tool managed by a Deterministic Finite Automaton (DFA). The DFA machine used a graphical environment provided by Simulink to teach the FORmula TRANslator (FORTRAN) programming language to science students. The proposed programming learning tool and the traditional method of teaching were compared and evaluated. The results of the evaluation indicated that there was an improvement in learning effectiveness of the proposed learning tool.
Organizational Capability and Competitive Advantage in Pharmaceutical Product Development

Most existing researches treated pharmaceutical product development process as a sort of "black box. " This paper, however, will focus on the product development process to explore the organizational capabilities and effective development patterns. Interviews and statistical analyses with leading companies in Japanese pharmaceutical industry indicated that "go or no-go decision" is the significant organizational capability, in fact differing among companies, which effects performances in pharmaceutical product development process. This organizational capability is accumulated through experiences in pharmaceutical product development projects. Keyword: product development, organizational capability, pharmaceutical industry
Can ozone be used to calibrate aerosol photoacoustic spectrometers?

Abstract. Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) has become a popular technique for measuring absorption of light by atmospheric aerosols in both the laboratory and field campaigns. It has low detection limits, measures suspended aerosols, and is insensitive to scattering. But PAS requires rigorous calibration to be applied quantitatively. Often, a PAS instrument is either filled with a gas of known concentration and absorption cross section, such that the absorption in the cell can be calculated from the product of the two, or the absorption is measured independently with a technique such as cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Then, the PAS signal can be regressed upon the known absorption to determine a calibration slope that reflects the sensitivity constant of the cell and microphone. Ozone has been used for calibrating PAS instruments due to its well-known UV–visible absorption spectrum and the ease with which it can be generated. However, it is known to photodissociate up to approximately 1120 nm via the O3 + hν(>1.1eV)→O2(3Σg-) + O(3P) pathway, which is likely to lead to inaccuracies in aerosol measurements. Two recent studies have investigated the use of O3 for PAS calibration but have reached seemingly contradictory conclusions with one finding that it results in a sensitivity that is a factor of 2 low and the other concluding that it is accurate. The present work is meant to add to this discussion by exploring the extent to which O3 photodissociates in the PAS cell and the role that the identity of the bath gas plays in determining the PAS sensitivity. We find a 5 % loss in PAS signal attributable to photodissociation at 532 nm in N2 but no loss in a 5 % mixture of O2 in N2. Furthermore, we discovered a dramatic increase of more than a factor of 2 in the PAS sensitivity as we increased the O2 fraction in the bath gas, which reached an asymptote near 100 % O2 that nearly matched the sensitivity measured with both NO2 and nigrosin particles. We interpret this dependence with a kinetic model that suggests the reason for the observed results is a more efficient transfer of energy from excited O3 to O2 than to N2 by a factor of 22–55 depending on excitation wavelength. Notably, the two prior studies on this topic used different bath gas compositions, and although the results presented here do not fully resolve the differences in their results, they may at least partially explain them.
Mantle formation, coagulation, and the origin of cloud/core shine - II. Comparison with observations

Context. Many dense interstellar clouds are observable in emission in the near-IR (J, H, and K photometric bands), commonly referred to as "Cloudshine", and in the mid-IR (Spitzer IRAC 3.6 and 4.5 μm bands), the so-called "Coreshine". These C-shine observations have usually been explained in terms of grain growth but no model has yet been able to self-consistently explain the dust spectral energy distribution from the near-IR to the submm. Aims: Our new core/mantle evolutionary dust model, The Heterogeneous dust Evolution Model at the IaS (THEMIS), has been shown to be valid in the far-IR and submm. We want to demonstrate its ability to reproduce the C-shine observations. Methods: Our starting point is a physically motivated core/mantle dust model. It consists of three dust populations: small poly-aromatic-rich carbon grains, bigger core/mantle grains with mantles of aromatic-rich carbon, and cores made of either amorphous aliphatic-rich carbon or amorphous silicate. Then, we assume an evolutionary path where these grains, when entering denser regions, may first form a second aliphatic-rich carbon mantle (coagulation of small grains, accretion of carbon from the gas phase), second coagulate together to form large aggregates, and third accrete gas phase molecules coating them with an ice mantle. To compute the corresponding dust emission and scattering, we use a 3D Monte Carlo radiative transfer code. Results: We show that our global evolutionary dust modelling approach THEMIS allows us to reproduce C-shine observations towards dense starless clouds. Dust scattering and emission is most sensitive to the cloud central density and to the steepness of the cloud density profile. Varying these two parameters leads to changes that are stronger in the near-IR, in both the C-shine intensity and profile. Conclusions: With a combination of aliphatic-rich mantle formation and low-level coagulation into aggregates, we can self-consistently explain the observed C-shine and far-IR/submm emission towards dense starless clouds.
Interface study on amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide thin film transistors using high-k gate dielectric materials

We investigated amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs) using different high-k gate dielectric materials such as silicon nitride (Si3N4) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) at low temperature process (<300°C) and compared them with low temperature silicon dioxide (SiO2). The IGZO device with high-k gate dielectric material will expect to get high gate capacitance density to induce large amount of channel carrier and generate the higher drive current. In addition, for the integrating process of integrating IGZO device, postannealing treatment is an essential process for completing the process. The chemical reaction of the high-k/IGZO interface due to heat formation in high-k/IGZO materials results in reliability issue. We also used the voltage stress for testing the reliability for the device with different high-k gate dielectric materials and explained the interface effect by charge band diagram.
Influence of Sn-doping on Magnetocaloric Properties of La0.7Ca0.3Mn1−xSnxO3(x = 0.0, x = 0.02 and x = 0.04) Compounds

Modern technology for refrigerators and coolers is based on the chemical gas Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) compression method that is indicative of a high consumption of electricity. The CFC is also understood as a reason for global warming. One of the solutions to this issue is magnetic refrigeration technology, which is environmentally friendly because it does not use any hazardous chemicals or ozone depleting/greenhouse gases. Magnetic refrigeration technology is based on the magnetocaloric effect of magnetic refrigerant materials. Exploring the magnetocaloric effect of magnetic refrigerant materials is important because these contain many of the physical properties needed for magnetic refrigeration technology. Herein, the present work reports on the magnetocaloric effect of La0.7Ca0. 3Mn1−xSnxO3 (x = 0.0, x = 0.02 and x = 0.04) compound samples produced with the solid state reaction technique. Curie temperature TC obtained for the La0.7Ca0. 3Mn1−xSnxO3 (x = 0.0, x = 0.02 and x = 0.04) are 260 K, 176 K and 170 K with -ΔSM max of 4.32 Jkg -1 K -1 , 1.61 Jkg -1 K -1 and 1.24 Jkg -1 K -1 and a refrigerant capacity of 48 J/kg, 41.43 J/kg and 28.53 J/kg for x = 0.0, x = 0.02 and x = 0.04, respectively. A small addition of Sn-doped resulted in a significant decrease of more than 80 K on the Curie temperature scale compared to that of La0.7Ca0. 3MnO3. The large gap in the decreasing magnetic temperature phase transition might be useful as an option of metal/transition metal doped for tuning the Curie temperature of magnetic refrigerant materials.
Community Health Workers’ knowledge, attitudes and practices about malaria prevention in Gicumbi District, Rwanda

Background: Community Health Workers (CHWs) have significantly contributed to the decrease of malaria prevalence and related mortality among under five children in Rwanda. This study aimed to explore the knowledge, attitudes and practices of CHWs about malaria prevention in a selected District of Rwanda. Methods: A descriptive method, using self administered questionnaires, was used for data collection from 65 respondents of one randomly selected Sector in Gicumbi District, Rwanda. Results: The majority of the respondents (89.2%,n=58) knew that the mosquito is the vector which transmits malaria to humans, and (73.8%,n=48) knew correctly the common signs and symptoms of malaria. (53.8%,n=35) were reported to have positive attitude, (100%,n=65) used mosquito net during night time only, although they are not aware of the specific time of mosquito bite Results on attitudes and practices. There was a statistically significant association between the practices and respondents’ age (p value =.001), gender (p value=.001), respondents’ knowledge (p value =.001) and respondents’ attitudes (p value =.001). Conclusion: This study highlights the moderate knowledge on good practices of malaria prevention and management hence improvement with accurate knowledge through appropriate channels is needed, so as CHWs may eventually have good practices in malaria prevention and management. Keywords: Community Health Workers, Malaria Prevention
Study of the effect of PAPA NONOate on the rate of diabetic wound healing

) was quantitated daily prior to wounding, and during wound healing (21 days) following external wound closure. The rate of wound healing was determined by video image analysis. PAPA NONOate treatment increased the rate wound healing in test group as compared to the control group. The nitric oxide donor PAPA NONOate may represent a potential treatment for impaired wound healing in diabetes by increasing the rate of collagen synthesis at the wound site.