Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
High-Frequency Factor Models and Regressions

We consider a nonparametric time series regression model. Our framework allows precise estimation of betas without the usual assumption of betas being piecewise constant. This property makes our framework particularly suitable to study individual stocks. We provide an inference framework for all components of the model, including idiosyncratic volatility and idiosyncratic jumps. Our empirical analysis investigates the largest dataset in the high-frequency literature. First, we use all traded stocks from NYSE, AMEX, and NASDAQ stock markets for 1996–2017 to construct the five Fama–French factors and the momentum factor at the 5-minute frequency. Second, we document the key empirical properties across all the stocks and the new factors, and apply the nonparametric time series regression model with the new high-frequency Fama–French factors. We find that this factor model is effective in explaining the systematic component of the risk of individual stocks. In addition, we provide evidence that idiosyncratic jumps are related to idiosyncratic events such as earnings disappointments.
Housing Locations in Two Decades Has Exposure to Poor Neighbourhoods Changed in America? Race, Risk and

While extreme concentrations of poor racial minorities, briefl y ‘rediscovered’ as a social problem by media in the wake of Hurricane Katrina, declined signifi cantly in the 1990s, no research has determined whether the trend reduced exposure to poor neighbourhoods over time or changed racial gaps in exposure. Yet most hypotheses about the social and economic risks of distressed neighbourhoods hinge on such exposure. Using a geocoded, national longitudinal survey matched to three censuses, it is found that: housing mobility continued to be the most important mode of exit from poor tracts for both Whites and Blacks; reductions for Blacks were mainly in exposure to extremely poor neighbourhoods, where neighbourhood change had a huge impact; Blacks remained far more likely than Whites to endure long, uninterrupted exposure; and, racial gaps in the odds of falling back into a poor neighbourhood after exiting one—a major driver of exposure duration that Black renters dominate—widened in the 1990s.
Estimation of Intraglomerular Pressure Using Invasive Renal Arterial Pressure and Flow Velocity Measurements in Humans.

BACKGROUND Glomerular hyperfiltration resulting from an elevated intraglomerular pressure (Pglom) is an important cause of CKD, but there is no feasible method to directly assess Pglom in humans. We developed a model to estimate Pglom in patients from combined renal arterial pressure and flow measurements. METHODS We performed hemodynamic measurements in 34 patients undergoing renal or cardiac angiography under baseline conditions and during hyperemia induced by intrarenal dopamine infusion (30 μg/kg). For each participant during baseline and hyperemia, we fitted an adapted three-element Windkessel model that consisted of characteristic impedance, compliance, afferent resistance, and Pglom. RESULTS We successfully analyzed data from 28 (82%) patients. Median age was 58 years (IQR, 52-65), median eGFR was 95 ml/min per 1.73 m2 (IQR, 74-100) using the CKD-EPI formula, 30% had microalbuminuria, and 32% had diabetes. The model showed a mean Pglom of 48.0 mm Hg (SD=10.1) at baseline. Under hyperemia, flow increased by 88% (95% CI, 68% to 111%). This resulted in a 165% (95% CI, 79% to 294%) increase in afferent compliance and a 13.1-mm Hg (95% CI, 10.0 to 16.3) decrease in Pglom. In multiple linear regression analysis, diabetes (coefficient, 10.1; 95% CI, 5.1 to 15.1), BMI (0.99 per kg/m2; 95% CI, 0.38 to 1.59), and renal perfusion pressure (0.42 per mm Hg; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.59) were significantly positively associated with baseline Pglom. CONCLUSIONS We constructed a model on the basis of proximal renal arterial pressure and flow velocity measurements that provides an overall estimate of glomerular pressure and afferent and efferent resistance in humans. The model provides a novel research technique to evaluate the hemodynamics of CKD on the basis of direct pressure and flow measurements. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NAME AND REGISTRATION NUMBER Functional HEmodynamics in patients with and without Renal Artery stenosis (HERA), NL40795.018. 12 at the Dutch national trial registry (toetsingonline.nl).
Schmallenberg disease virus : An emerging disease in large and small ruminants

ruminants. Dr. Patrick Sylvester Craig Introduction Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is a novel emerging orthobunyavirus associated with reduced milk yield, inappetence and diarrhoea in adult ruminants, as well as malformations in aborted ruminants in Europe. Between August and October 2011, animals in a region at the border of Germany and the Netherlands were exhibiting unusual clinical signs characterised by mild to moderate fever, anorexia, significantly reduced milk yield, loss of condition and diarrhoea. Affected animals recovered within two to three weeks [1]. Following December 2011 and onwards, sheep, goats and cattle in Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium experienced abortions and stillbirths associated with foetal deformities predominantly of the limbs and skull. After ruling out the presence of other infectious agents, scientists in Germany isolated and sequenced viral genetic material from the affected cattle and identified a new virus. The virus was named after the German town in North Rhine-Westphalia, where it was first isolated.
Clinical Factors Influencing the Outcomes of an Acellular Dermal Matrix for Skin Cancer Treatment: A Retrospective Study

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a biologically engineered dermal matrix used in reconstructive surgery after skin tumor resection, focusing on the frequency of successful grafting and identifying potential factors influencing treatment outcomes. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS This retrospective analysis involved consecutive patients diagnosed with skin cancer in any area of the body and for which treatment with a dermal skin template was recommended as alternative to traditional surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Percentage of successful grafting and the patient and tumor characteristics influencing treatment outcome via univariate analysis. MAIN RESULTS A total of 302 patients were included. Surgical reconstruction with the matrix was effective in 88.9% of the patients within 21 days of surgery. Notably, the matrix was successful regardless of tumor location, type, or size. Infection was the only variable significantly associated with graft failure (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS The studied dermal matrix provides an efficient alternative to traditional reconstructive surgery in patients who present specific comorbidities or risk factors. The only variable significantly associated with graft failure was infection, which should be properly controlled through appropriate treatment.
Altered Gene Expression Profiles in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Obese Subjects

Introduction: Gene expression profiles in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) may act as a useful tool to better understand obesity. We investigated gene expression levels in PMBCs for possible differences between obese and non-obese subjects (19–55 years) and evaluated correlations between gene expression in PBMCs and clinical obesity indices. Methods: Body weight, BMI, fat amount, fat percentage, waist/hip ratio, leptin, and adiponectin levels were determined in 30 obese and 20 non-obese subjects. Expression levels of 19 genes, which were differentially expressed by clinical obesity indices in the PBMCs of high fat-fed rats, were determined in their PBMCs using real-time PCR. Results: The expression of 9 of 19 previously selected genes was significantly correlated with one or more clinical obesity indices. Both TFEC and CCL2 expression were negatively correlated with BMI, fat amount, fat percentage, waist/hip ratio, and leptin concentration. Similarly, TNFAIP2, VCAN, ASSI, IRF1, and HK3 expression negatively correlated with some clinical obesity indices, such as TNFAIP2 for BMI, fat amount, fat percentage, and waist/hip ratio, VCAN for fat amount, fat percentage, and waist/hip ratio, ASS1 for BMI and fat amount, IRF1 for BMI, fat amount, and fat percentage, and HK3 for fat amount. In contrast, both TNF-α and LPL expression were positively correlated with waist/hip ratio. Conclusion: We identified 9 of 19 genes in human PBMCs that significantly correlated with one or more clinical obesity indices. Because these genes have a mechanistic basis for the development or progression of obesity and its metabolic derangements, they may help to determine possible underlying mechanisms for obesity.
Workflow Differences Affect Data Accuracy in Oncologic EHRs: A First Step Toward Detangling the Diagnosis Data Babel.

PURPOSE Diagnosis (DX) information is key to clinical data reuse, yet accessible structured DX data often lack accuracy. Previous research hints at workflow differences in cancer DX entry, but their link to clinical data quality is unclear. We hypothesized that there is a statistically significant relationship between workflow-describing variables and DX data quality. METHODS We extracted DX data from encounter and order tables within our electronic health records (EHRs) for a cohort of patients with confirmed brain neoplasms. We built and optimized logistic regressions to predict the odds of fully accurate (ie, correct neoplasm type and anatomic site), inaccurate, and suboptimal (ie, vague) DX entry across clinical workflows. We selected our variables based on correlation strength of each outcome variable. RESULTS Both workflow and personnel variables were predictive of DX data quality. For example, a DX entered in departments other than oncology had up to 2.89 times higher odds of being accurate (P < .0001) compared with an oncology department; an outpatient care location had up to 98% fewer odds of being inaccurate (P < .0001), but had 458 times higher odds of being suboptimal (P < .0001) compared with main campus, including the cancer center; and a DX recoded by a physician assistant had 85% fewer odds of being suboptimal (P = .005) compared with those entered by physicians. CONCLUSION These results suggest that differences across clinical workflows and the clinical personnel producing EHR data affect clinical data quality. They also suggest that the need for specific structured DX data recording varies across clinical workflows and may be dependent on clinical information needs. Clinicians and researchers reusing oncologic data should consider such heterogeneity when conducting secondary analyses of EHR data.
Is the gas-fed PPT an electromagnetic accelerator? An investigation using measured performance

We present a new gas-fed pulsed plasma thruster performance database and use it to investigate the electromagnetic nature of the acceleration process by identifying trends in the dependencies of the performance parameters on the mass bit, energy, and capacitance. It was previously observed[1] that performance measurements for PPTs operating at low mass bits (< 2 μg per pulse) can be influenced by contamination from diffusion pump oil. Consequently, facility renovations and a new impulse measurement protocol using liquid nitrogen cooled baffles to reduce diffusion pump oil backstreaming were implemented and are discussed. A portion of the database has been duplicated in a cryo-pumped facility at NASA-JPL to verify that the contamination effects have been removed. The intermittent simultaneous operation of the discharge initiation plugs, that was previously observed to degrade the performance, was solved with a new electric circuit and the resulting discharge symmetry verified using a fast-framing camera. The nature of the acceleration process is examined by comparing trends in the performance database with the theoret∗Research supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, grant number: F49620-95-1-0291, NASA JPL Advanced Propulsion Group, and the Plasma Science and Technology Program at the Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. †Graduate Student, Research Assistant. Member AIAA. ‡Chief Scientist at EPPDyL. Assistant Professor, Applied Physics Group. Senior Member AIAA. §Presented at the 35th AIAA Joint Propulsion Conference, Los Angeles, CA, June 20-23, 1999. ically expected scaling for electromagnetic acceleration. The performance was found to transition with decreasing mass bit (or increasing Isp) from a mode (Mode I) where the efficiency and the impulse are respectively independent and dependent on the mass bit (and where the efficiency the thrust to power ratio are respectively independent and dependent on Isp) to another mode (Mode II) where the converse statements hold. Furthermore, in mode II the efficiency is independent of energy level and both the efficiency and the thrust-to-power ratio scale with the square root of capacitance as expected in a predominantly electromagnetic accelerator.
Adult Santal Males from Orissa and West Bengal: Comparison of Their Anthropometric Profile and Chronic Energy Deficiency

Abstract This study was undertaken among adult (aged > 18 years) male Santals of Orissa and West Bengal, to compare their anthropometric profile and the prevalence of chronic energy deficiency (CED), based on body mass index (BMI). Santals of Jhargram, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal and Ananadapur, Keonjhar, Orissa were studied. Anthropometric measurements including height, weight and mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) were measured using standard protocol. The BMI was derived from height and weight. Internationally recommended BMI cut-off points were utilized to evaluate nutritional status. Results showed that there were significant differences between the means of some anthropometric characteristics of the two populations. The extent of CED (BMI < 18.5) was found to be high in both populations (Orissa = 26.2%; West Bengal = 31.5%). Using the World Health Organization criterion the prevalence of CED was high and the situation was serious in both populations. In conclusion, this study provided evidence that the nutritional status of adult Santals, in both Orissa as well as West Bengal, was not satisfactory. Immediate appropriate nutritional intervention programs are needed for implementation among Santals of both regions.
Chemically enhanced primary treatment of dairy wastewater using chitosan obtained from shrimp wastes: optimization using a Doehlert matrix design

ABSTRACT Dairy operations generate large volumes of polluted wastewater that require treatment prior to discharge. Chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) is a widely utilized wastewater treatment strategy; but it requires the use of non-biodegradable coagulants that can lead to toxic-byproducts. In this study, chitin from shrimp shell waste is extracted and converted into chitosan. Chitosan was demonstrated to be a natural, low-cost alternative coagulant compatible with the CEPT. Following treatment, dissolved air flotation allowed for the removal of turbidity, COD, and UV254 from the synthetic dairy effluent (SDE). Doehlert matrix was used to optimize the chitosan dosage and pH of the CEPT; as well as to model the process. The mechanisms behind the coagulation-flocculation were revealed using zeta potential analysis. FTIR spectroscopy was utilized to confirm the functional groups present on the chitosan. Chitosan with a degree of deacetylation equal to 81% was obtained. A chitosan dose of 73.34 mg/L at pH 5.00 was found to be optimal for the removal of pollutants. Removals of COD, turbidity and UV254 were 77.5%, 97.6%, and 88.8%, respectively. The amount of dry sludge generated to treat 1 m³ of SDE was 0.041 kg. Coagulation-flocculation mechanisms involved in chitosan-mediated treatment of SDE involve the neutralization of electrostatic charges carried on the amine groups present in cationic chitosan at pH 5.00. Doehlert matrix proved to be a useful tool in optimizing parameters throughout the coagulation-flocculation process. Chitosan from shrimp waste is a low-cost, eco-friendly coagulant alternative for the removal pollutants from dairy effluent using the CEPT. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
The Arabidopsis Nα -acetyltransferase NAA60 locates to the plasma membrane and is vital for the high salt stress response.

In humans and plants, N-terminal acetylation plays a central role in protein homeostasis, affects 80 % of proteins in the cytoplasm and is catalyzed by five ribosome-associated N-acetyltransferases (NatA-E). Humans also possess a Golgi-associated NatF (HsNAA60) that is essential for Golgi integrity. Remarkably, NAA60 is absent in fungi and was not identified in plants. Here we identify and characterize the first plasma membrane-anchored post-translationally acting N-acetyltransferase AtNAA60 in the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana by the combined application of reverse genetics, global proteomics, live-cell imaging, microscale thermophoresis, CD-spectroscopy, nano differential scanning fluorometry, intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence and X-ray crystallography. We demonstrate that AtNAA60 like HsNAA60 is membrane-localized in vivo by an α-helical membrane anchor at its C-terminus, but in contrast to HsNAA60, AtNAA60 localizes to the plasma membrane. The AtNAA60 crystal structure provides insights into substrate-binding, the broad substrate specificity and the catalytic mechanism probed by structure-based mutagenesis. Characterization of the NAA60 loss-of-function mutants (naa60-1 and naa60-2) uncovers a plasma membrane-localized substrate of AtNAA60 and the importance of NAA60 during high salt stress. Our findings provide evidence for the plant-specific evolution of a plasma membrane-anchored N-acetyltransferase that is vital for adaptation to stress.
ppGpp mediates the growth phase dependent regulation of agn43, a phase variable gene, by stimulating its promoter activity.

Antigen 43 (Ag43) is a self-recognizing outer membrane protein of Escherichia coli expressed during intracellular growth and biofilm formation, suggesting a role in infection. The expression of agn43 is under phase variation control, meaning that there are regulatory mechanisms adjusting the percentage of agn43-expressing cells in the population, in addition to mechanisms modulating the transcriptional expression level in each expressing cell. Phenotypic and transcriptional studies indicate that Ag43 expression is induced upon entry into the stationary phase in a ppGpp-dependent and RpoS-independent manner. The use of single cell approaches and phase variation deficient strains let to conclude that ppGpp stimulates agn43 promoter activity, rather than affecting the percentage of agn43-expressing cells. The data highlight the relevance that promoter activity regulation may have, without any involvement of the phase variation state, in the final Ag43 expression output. The agn43 promoter of the MG1655 strain carries an AT-rich discriminator between positions -10 and + 1, which is highly conserved among the agn43 genes present in the different pathotypes of E. coli. Remarkably, the AT-rich discriminator is required for the positive transcriptional control mediated by ppGpp. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Completed cohomology and the p-adic Langlands program

We discuss some known and conjectural properties of the completed cohomology of congruence quotients associated to reductive groups over Q. We also discuss the conjectural relationships to local and global Galois representations, and a possible p-adic local Langlands correspondence. Mathematics Subject Classification (2010). Primary 11F70; Secondary 22D12.
Cassini RPWS and Imaging Observations of Saturn Lightning

The Radio and Plasma Wave Science (RPWS) instrument on Cassini began observing Saturn Electrostatic Discharges (SED) on a routine basis on 13 July 2004, shortly after Saturn orbit insertion (SOI). SED, first discovered by the Planetary Radio Astronomy instrument on Voyager, are widely believed to be the radio signature of lightning discharges in the atmosphere of Saturn. In this paper we examine the extreme time variability from episode to episode of the SED burst rate and show how (1) three main storm systems occurred in 2004, (2) the storm occurrence was correlated with the appearance of a major eruptive cloud feature at about –35 degrees latitude, and (3) the variability is probably due to internally driven convection. Since little or no energy is believed to be deposited into the storm region at a depth of 10–12 bar in the atmosphere, it is presumed that the storms must be driven by an internal source whose time variation is not understood but for which the SED may act as a remote indicator. This is in contrast to the SED observed by Voyager which were nearly continuous, possibly due to the constant presence of the ring shadow as a convective driver. As of this writing, no SED were detected from about the end of September 2004 until 9 June 2005.
Education Reform in General Equilibrium : Evidence from Californiaâ • Žs Class Size Reduction Working

This paper sheds new light on general equilibrium responses to major education reforms, focusing on a sorting mechanism likely to operate whenever a reform improves public school quality significantly. It does so in the context of California’s statewide class size reduction program of the late-1990s, and makes two main contributions. First, using a transparent differencing strategy that exploits the grade-specific roll-out of the reform, we show evidence of general equilibrium sorting effects: Improvements in public school quality caused marked reductions in local private school shares, consequent changes in public school demographics, and significant increases in local house prices – the latter indicative of the reform’s full impact. Second, using a generalization of the differencing approach, we provide credible estimates of the direct and indirect impacts of the reform on a common scale. These reveal a large pure class size effect of 0. 11σ (in terms of mathematics scores), and an even larger indirect effect of 0. 16σ via induced changes in school demographics. Further, we show that both effects persist positively, giving rise to an overall policy impact estimated to be 0. 4σ higher after four years of treatment (relative to none). The analysis draws attention, more broadly, to conditions under which the indirect sorting effects of major reforms are likely to be first order. JEL Codes: H40, I21, I22.
Self-Interest, Inequality, and Entitlement in Majoritarian Decision-Making

We experimentally test competing theories of three-player majoritarian bargaining models with fixed, known disagreement values. Subjects are randomly assigned to three roles: a proposer and two types of voters. Each role is randomly assigned a disagreement value, i.e. a given amount of money he/she will receive if the proposal is rejected. These values are known to all players before any decision is made. Proposers then make a take-it-or-leave-it offer on how to split a fixed, known amount of money among the players. If a majority of players accepts the proposal, the players' payoffs are determined by the proposal; if the proposal is rejected, each player receives his or her reservation value. We assess the ability of three behavioral hypotheses – self-interest, egalitarianism, and inequality-aversion – to account for our results. Our primary design variable is the proposer's reservation value, which allows us to obtain different implications from each hypothesis. We find that each hypothesis is inconsistent with our data in important respects. However, subjects strongly respond to changes in reservation values as if they were interpreted as a basic form of entitlement.