Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Association Of Anxiety And Quality Of Life With Internet Addiction Among Medical Students

Objective: Internet addiction is characterized by excessive or poorly controlled preoccupations, urges or behaviours regarding computer use and Internet access that lead to impairment or distress in individual’s psychological state. This study was aimed to assess the frequency of internet addiction and its possible association with anxiety severity and quality of life among medical students. Methods: This was an observational, cross sectional, single-centred, self-assessable questionnaire based study administrated among 525 consenting medical students. The participants were assessed by proforma containing demographic details,variables related with internet use, questionnaires of IAT (Internet Addiction Test for Internet Use), BAI (Beck’s Anxiety Inventory) and WHOQOL-BREF (World health organization quality of life assessment scale). Statistical data were analysed by Graph Pad InStat version 3.06 using Chi–square test and Mann-Whitney test. Results: Frequency of problematic users among medical students was 9.3 % with frequency of internet addiction 0.9%. Participants with problematic internet use were likely to experience high severity of anxiety (p
Pathophysiology of Krabbe disease

Krabbe disease is a rapidly progressive lysosomal storage disorder that primarily affects infants. Accumulation of psychosine, a cytotoxic substrate, in the myelin-forming cells results in death of these cells and myelin degeneration. Myelin debris activates a neuroinflammatory response which plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of this disease. The exact mechanisms by which psychosine causes cell death and activates the pathogenic cascade are unknown. The twitcher mouse is an animal model of Krabbe disease that has been extensively utilized for pathophysiological research. There is increasing evidence that the mode of psychosine-mediated cell death is apoptosis. Psychosine has been found to activate secretory phospholipase A2 in cultured oligodendrocytes. Psychosine has also been reported to up-regulate the stress-activated protein kinase signaling transduction pathway and down-regulate cell survival pathways in cultured oligodendrocytes. A more recent finding is that psychosine induces peroxisomal dysfunction in the twitcher brain. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge and understanding of the pathophysiology of Krabbe disease and address the limitations of current treatment strategies.
Intraspecific variation in detection of bird-habitat relationships: declining birds in Southern Australian Woodlands

An understanding of the responses of declining bird species to habitat loss, fragmentation and degradation is essential for their conservation. However, species' relationships with particular threatening processes may vary in different systems, and long-term variability in bird communities and differences in sampling protocols may cause different real or apparent habitat relationships to be detected in the same system at different times. We investigated temporal variation in detection of relationships between habitat remnant size, isolation and degradation and the presence of several bird species that are known to be declining in southern Australia. Habitat relationships detected for these species were compared with a) those detected for the same species in the same remnants in surveys undertaken seven years previously, and b) those reported from other fragmented, southern Australian systems. Most of the relationships displayed by the study species in other landscapes were not apparent in this system, and there were temporal differences in the detected landscape and habitat relationships of several species. These findings indicate that the effects of habitat fragmentation can appear to vary in their impact on a species among landscapes, as well as through time, which complicates considerably the task of conservation managers. Correlative relationships between species' presence and habitat characteristics can be misleading if the mechanisms through which the habitat factors influence species are not understood.
Immunostaining of Voltage-Gated Ion Channels in Cell Lines and Neurons – Key Concepts and Potential Pitfalls

Widely acknowledged to be the first person to make detailed studies of microscopic objects, the pioneering work of Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) provided the first glimpse of neurons when he observed sections of bovine optic nerves (van Zuylen, 1981). It was over a century later when the Italian scientist Camillo Golgi (1843-1926) developed la reazione nera (‘the black reaction’), later dubbed the Golgi stain or Golgi method, in 1873. This approach revealed a hitherto unseen world, one brought to light in stunning fashion in the decades that followed by Santiago Ramon y Cajal (1852-1934), who refined Golgi’s techniques and published numerous articles detailing the fine structure of the nervous system (Ramon y Cajal, 1995). The inescapable conclusion of this work that the nervous system is composed of discrete cellular units, or neurons, that communicate with one another in a vast network came to be known as ‘the neuron doctrine. ’ It is from these initial findings that the sophisticated techniques available to today’s scientists are descended.
The Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Response to Demyelination

Abstract : In multiple sclerosis (MS), demyelination results in impaired axon conduction and functional deficits. Remyelination is often observed early in the MS disease course, but over time becomes limited. The general belief is that remyelination requires robust oligodendrocyte progenitor (OP) amplification prior to remyelination. With MS being a chronic disease we were interested in the responses that occurred following chronic demyelination. Studies using the chronic cuprizone model of demyelination display limited remyelination, a depleted pool of OPs, and decreased oligodendrocytes. We now show that after chronic demyelination apoptosis continues even after cessation of cuprizone to evaluate means to promote remyelination. Overexpression of platelet-derived growth factor-A (PDGF-A) was tested with chronic cuprizone demyelination in hPDGF-A transgenic (tg) mice. Remyelination was improved in hPDGF-A tg mice during recovery after chronic demyelination. OP density and proliferation increased only transiently in hPDGF-A tg mice during acute demyelination but not during chronic demyelination or recovery. Importantly, hPDGF-A tg mice had increased oligodendrocyte regeneration associated with reduced apoptosis during recovery. The effect of increased PDGF-A is likely as a survival factor during the regeneration of oligodendrocytes and remyelination, as preventing apoptosis of oligodendrocytes may be important not only during acute demyelination but also during chronic demyelination. Overall, we found that following demyelination Myt1 may have a potential role in the regeneration of oligodendrocyte lineage cells, whereas the overexpression of PDGF-A appears to enhance survival of newly differentiated myelinating oligodendrocytes.
Changes in Soluble and Transported Sugars Content and Activity of Their Hydrolytic Enzymes in Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) Fruit During Development and Senescence

A temporal relationship between changes in soluble sugar content and the activity of their hydrolytic enzymes of netted melon fruit during development and senescence was investigated. Analysis for the sugars content of the commercial cultivars ‘Sunpower’ and ‘MVP’ revealed the major soluble sugars in pulp tissue of melon fruit were sucrose, glucose, fructose. In addition, raffinose and stachyose were also found during the ontogeny of the fruit. During a rapid fruit growth, up to 30 days after pollination (DAP), the amount of sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose remained substantially low, ranging from 0.0 to 0.1 miligram per gram fresh weight. However, the level of fructose and glucose maintained relatively high in the tissue, ranging 10 to 25 miligram per gram fresh weight. In accordance with this result, the activity of both acidic and neutral invertase showed a fairly high upto 20 DAP, and followed by a sharp decrease in the activities during maturation and senescence of the fruit. A similar pattern of the change in the activity of both acidic and neutral ɑ-galactosidase also observed during the fruit development and senescence. Concomitantly to this, there was a rapid increase in the pool size of sucrose, raffinose, stachyose, substantiating an increase in soluble sugar contents in the aging fruit. From the present study, it was suggested that in netted melon fruit both invertase and ɑ-galactosidase play an important role in regulating the accumulation of the soluble sugars, which, in turn leads to an increase sweetness of the fruit.
Dyslipidemia Induced by Stress

The pioneering work of Hans Selye (1936) led to the use of the word “stress” in a biological context gaining popularity world-wide. Stress is as an organic response to stressors that can be aversive stimuli or unknown situations capable of compromising homeostasis. During the stress reaction, the sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis are stimulated. Consequently, serum concentrations of classical stress hormones, namely catecholamines and glucocorticoids, are increased and act on cells and tissues inducing adaptive changes in order to protect the organism and allow its survival. In addition, the stress reaction can also modulate immune system activities and the secretion of other hormones (gonadotrophins, estrogen, testosterone, thyroid, angiotensins). Considering that organic homeostatic systems are subject to frequent environmental and internal variations, Sterling and Eyer (1988) proposed the term alostasis to describe the adaptative processes that actively maintain stability through physiological changes. The terms eustress and efficient allostasis describe facile adaptation, such as a quick peak stress response to mobilize energy to deal with an acute stressor, and a rapid return to baseline, when the stressor terminates. On the other hand, distress or allostatic load refers to an imbalance in systems that promote adaptation (Epel, 2009; Korte et al., 2005). This imbalance can simply be the result of too much repeated stress, but it can also be the result of adaptative systems that are out of balance and fail to shut-off or, alternatively, systems that fail to return to normal (Epel, 2009). Therefore the shut-off of the stress response is particularly important, because, when systems do not shut off in time, they can cause damage or promote pathology (McEwen, 1998). The classical stress hormones, glucocorticoids (cortisol) and catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine), are catabolic and modulate the breakdown of glycogen, triglycerides and proteins into molecules that can be rapidly metabolized in order to generate energy (Black, 2002). These responses enable energy substrates to be directed to organs and tissues
Investigation of Norovirus Occurrence and Influence of Environmental Factors in Food Service Institutions of ChungCheong Area

The purpose of this study was to examine the appearance of norovirus in the water for food in food service institutions and the influence of physicochemical and microbial factors of norovirus in order to work out basic data to predict the detection of norovirus. Among 82 samples of water for food in food service institutions, norovirus appeared in 7 samples and the rate of appearance was 8.5%. As for the type of norovirus, one samples contained GI type (genotype GI-6) and six samples contained GII type (genotype GII-2, GII-4, GII-12). In the regression model of prediction of norovirus, the rate of appearance was correlated with -N, total solids and the consumption of , out of such variables as -N, total solids, the consumption of , depth, chloride and total colony counts, and its contribution rate for effectiveness was 78.60%. In order to examine the influential factor of environment upon the detection of norovirus, Pearson's correlation analysis was carried out. The predictable regression formula for appearance rate of norovirus was expressed as -1.818 + 42.677 [-N] + 0.023 [total solids] + 0.762 [consumption of ] -0.009 [depth] -0.146 [chloride] + 0.007 [total colony counts] (R = 0.904, = 0.818, adjusted = 0.786, p -N, total solids and the consumption of . In other words, when the measured values of -N, total solids and the consumption of were higher, the possibility of appearance of norovirus increased.
Inhibiting Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β in Sepsis

The serine-threonine protein kinase glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3 is involved in the regulation of many cell functions, but its role in the regulation of the inflammatory response is unknown. Here we investigate the effects of GSK-3beta inhibition on organ injury/dysfunction caused by endotoxaemia or severe inflammation in the rat. Rats received either intravenous Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (6 mg/kg) or LPS (1mg/kg) plus Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan (PepG) (0.3mg/kg) or their vehicle (saline). The GSK-3p1 inhibitors TDZD-8, SB415286 (both 1mg/kg, i.v.), and SB216763 (0.6 mg/kg i.v.), or vehicle (10% dimethyl sulfoxide) were administered 30 min before LPS or LPS/PepG. Both endotoxaemia and co-administration of LPS/PepG resulted in multiple organ injury and dysfunction. The GSK-3beta inhibitors attenuated the organ injury/dysfunction caused by LPS or LPS/PepG. GSK-3beta inhibition reduced the Ser536 phosphorylation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB subunit p65 and the mRNA expression of NF-kappaB-dependent pro-inflammatory mediators, but had no effect on the NF-kappaB/DNA binding activity in the lung. GSK-3beta inhibition reduced the increase in NF-kappaB p65 activity caused by interleukin (IL)1 in human e mbryonic kidney cells in vitro. We propose that GSK-3beta inhibition may be useful in the therapy of sepsis, shock and other diseases associated with local or systemic inflammation.
The Kidney : morphology, biochemistry, physiology

This book is the first volume of a proposed trilogy concerned with the kidney and its functions. It contains, in fact, six monographs dealing with the embryonic kidney, general anatomy and histology, histochemistry, and ultrastructure of the normal and pathologic glomerulus, tubules, and interstitial tissue. Three of the six chapters have been translated into the English language. Approximately 70% of the references listed in these three chapters are from the Englishlanguage literature. The references
Abstract 1697: CPI-169, a novel and potent EZH2 inhibitor, synergizes with CHOPin vivoand achieves complete regression in lymphoma xenograft models

Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) is the histone lysine methyltransferase (HKMT) component of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2). In conjunction with other members of the complex, EZH2 represses gene expression through methylation of histone H3 on lysine 27 (H3K27). EZH2 overexpression is implicated in tumor progression and correlates with poor prognosis in several tumor types and enzymatic hyperactivity of EZH2 has been linked to aberrant repression of tumor suppressor genes in diverse cancers. Recently, direct inhibition of EZH2 HKMT activity by small molecules has been shown to be effective in inhibiting the proliferation of EZH2 mutant diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell lines and the growth of tumors in EZH2 mutant DLBCL xenografts. We have identified and optimized a series of small molecule EZH2 inhibitors that is structurally distinct from previously published chemotypes. CPI-169, a representative compound from that effort, inhibits the catalytic activity of PRC2 with an IC50 of Administered subcutaneously at 200 mpk twice daily (BID), CPI-169 is well tolerated in mice with no observed toxic effect or body weight loss. In the present study we show that CPI-169 treatment led to tumor growth inhibition (TGI) of an EZH2 mutant KARPAS-422 DLBCL xenograft. The TGI is proportional to the dose administered and to the reduction of the pharmacodynamic marker H3K27me3. The highest dose, 200 mpk, BID led to complete tumor regression. Since CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone) is the standard treatment of advanced DLBCL, we were interested in combining a suboptimal dose of CPI-169 (100 mpk, BID) with a single dose of CHOP in the KARPAS-422 model. After a week of combinatorial treatment the tumors rapidly regressed and became unpalpable. Four weeks after the last dose only a single mouse presented a palpable tumor. The immunohistochemical analysis of tumor samples revealed a strong correlation between the global decrease of H3K27me3, the decrease in the proliferation marker Ki-67 and the increase in cleaved-caspase 3 positive cells. In conclusion, we identified a strong synergistic anti-tumor activity between the standard of care CHOP and CPI-169, a distinct EZH2 inhibitor in an in vivo model of DLBCL. Citation Format: Vidya Balasubramanian, Priya Iyer, Shilpi Arora, Patrick Troyer, Emmanuel Normant. CPI-169, a novel and potent EZH2 inhibitor, synergizes with CHOP in vivo and achieves complete regression in lymphoma xenograft models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1697. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1697
A new phytoplasma associated with witches’‐broom on Japanese maple in China

Summary In September 2011, five Japanese maple (Acer palmatum Thunb.) trees with symptoms of witches’-broom were observed growing near each other at a maple grove in Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China. Pleomorphic phytoplasma-like bodies were observed in the phloem sieve tube elements of symptomatic plants under transmission electron microscope (TEM). The presence of phytoplasma was further confirmed by a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which amplified a 1.2-kb fragment using universal primer pair R16mF2/R16mR1 followed by further amplification using primer pair R16F2n/R16R2. Phylogenetic analysis and gel-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis demonstrated that the Japanese maple witches’-broom was associated with phytoplasma belonging to subgroup 16SrI-D. This is the first report of a phytoplasma disease of Japanese maple.
PERLAKUAN AKTIVATOR DAN MASA INKUBASI TERHADAP PELAPUKAN LIMBAH JERAMI PADI

The experiment was intended to study the effect of activator and incubation treatments of paddy straw decomposition on total-N and compost C/N ratio. The experiment was conducted in green house of Faculty of Agriculture Udayana University research station, Pegok Denpasar, from June to October 2007. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design arranged in factorial pattern with three replications. Two factor were used which were activators (control, EM4, Super Degra, and R1M) and the second factor were incubation periods consisted of 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The result this experiment indicated there was a significant effect of interaction between activator and incubation period on total-N compost, but on C/N ratio was not significant interaction. The highest of total-N compost was found on 12 weeks incubation period with R1M activator (2.67 %), then decreased to EM4, Super Degra, and control treatments, with total-N content were 2.55 %, 2.34 %, and 2.00 %, respectively. Single effect of activator was significant to C/N ratio. The highest C/N ratio was found on control treatment (39.07) and decreased on EM4, R1M, and Super Degra treatments, with compost C/N ratio were 34.40, 33.90, and 33.62. Single effect of incubation period was significant to compost C/N ratio. The lowest C/N ratio was found on 12 weeks incubation period (14.24) and increased on 8 weeks and 4 weeks incubation period, with the C/N ratio were 30.42 and 61.07, respectively.
Induction of arginase-I in murine prostate cancer following high-dose in vivo irradiation

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 4412 The arginase and nitric oxide synththase (NOS) are two major enzymes that competitively catalyze the metabolism of arginine. The products from arginase pathway in tumors may suppress T-cell proliferation and function, and promote tumor growth. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of arginase-I in the tumor following in vivo high-dose irradiation. TRAMP-C1 cell line which was derived from the Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate and syngenic to C57BL/6J mouse was used as a tumor model. Tumors grew intramuscularly to the size of 4–5 mm, and were either continued to grow or irradiated with 25 Gy. Tumors were taken for analysis at various times since then. The tumor growth delay was 7 days by 25 Gy irradiation. The mRNA levels of arginase-I remained stable in un-irradiated tumors for 2 weeks, even tumors grew rapidly during this period. However, they were increased in the irradiated tumors from 8 hours to 3 weeks following irradiation. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) stain showed increased expression of arginase-I protein in the irradiated tumors, as compared with unirradiated tumors of the same size. Arginase-I mRNA levels were undetectable in vitro in the TRAMP-C1 cells and were not induced by high dose irradiation. To investigate the sources of arginase-I in the in vivo tumor, tumor suspension was fractionated into macrophage and non-macrophage populations by CD11b-conjugated magnetic beads. RPA and RT-PCR demonstrated that Arginase-I mRNA levels were mainly expressed in macrophages population, but barely detectable in non-macrophage population. These observations suggest arginase-I mRNA and protein levels were increased in the regrowing tumors following high-dose irradiation and the sources of production are tumor-associated macrophages. This suggests that Arg-I is a potential target for modulating tumor responses to irradiation. The combination of arginase inhibitor N -hydroxy-nor-L-arginine (nor-NOHA) with radiation therapy for murine prostate cancer is currently under investigation. (This study was supported by Grant NSC 93-2314-B-182-030 and CMRPG340251)
Silver fox farming

"The present bulletin furnishes information as to the possibilities of the propagation of silver, or silver-black, foxes and the best methods of conducting the business. The silver-black fox is one of the highest priced of fur-bearers, and hence offers a tempting field for experiment. The business of raising this animal is believed to promise fair if not large returns for skill, experience, and the investment of moderate capital. " -- p. 2