Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increase of income inequality in crisis period applied to Colombian society

Increase of income inequality in crisis period applied to Colombian society Inequality is one of the most evident repercussions of unsuccessful or evolving economic systems. Particularly in developing countries the inequality most common measures sign the problematic with the higher levels around the world – With exception of some successful systems that deal with this inconvenient- In the particular case of Colombian society the problem needs to be addressed – been one of the most unequal countries of its region- However, the main goal of this thesis is study the relationship and possible correlation between increase of inequality in crisis periods of the economic cycle. Particularly analyzing the Colombian society situation supported by the collected official data of that republic and also taking into account the effect that a period of time defined characteristics have had in other countries’ economies. This work will follow a logical sequence to analyze the problem. Starting from the basics and going through the more complex parts of the problem. This study intends to show an overview of the Republic of Colombia in different fields working as a diagnostic, studying the consequences that an economic crisis period can bring -stressing the fact that a crisis period is very likely to worsen the inequality problem- and exalting economic potential and strengths, such as, its geographical position, the increase in the number of people being educated and better disposition on the part of the government to achieve peace, with which it is hoped to improve internal conditions of the country and therefore improve the economic conditions of its inhabitants. Under this standpoint this work is intended to make a reference on how this problematic could be attacked in a -vulnerable situation (crisis) - for different subgroups present in any society, such as, race minorities, low qualified workers, women, rural populations, among others. Highlighting its weaknesses and great existing opportunity differences in this nation. This is intended to be achieved through initiatives that will allow recovering the countryside, improving the situation in different forgotten economic sectors and working on the disparity that some groups suffer. Making emphasis in education and government investment for developing sectors.
An Evaluation of the Effects of a Web-Based Modular Teaching Programme, Housed within a Virtual Learning Environment on Orthodontic Training for Specialist Registrars

Objectives A new modular teaching programme, housed within a virtual learning environment (VLE) was introduced in Bristol in 2004 to complement the academic training of orthodontic postgraduates. The aims of this study were to evaluate whether its introduction had reduced travel commitments for trainees, reduced demands on academic staff and whether it had any effect on teaching and learning. Design An investigative mixed methods study designed to collect and analyse verbal and written data. Setting The South West Region of the UK s ubjects and methods: s emi-structured interviews and focus groups with nine trainees and 14 trainers were taped and transcribed. Written data were coded and analysed thematically. The qualitative data from interviews and focus groups were complemented with written data from trainee diaries and a limited amount of quantitative data collected from the VLE. Conclusions Travel commitments for trainees have reduced as a result of introducing the web-based resource, but not as expected. Demands on academic staff have not reduced but have changed. The resource has had positive effects on postgraduate orthodontic teaching and learning. Important themes of interest emerging from the data are improvements in the flexibility and efficiency of learning and the value of the resource as a repository of information and in the organiz ation of teaching and learning. Despite the popularity of this web based learning resource, trainees continue to value the opportunity to interact face to face with their teachers and peers and are prepared to travel for organiz ed teaching sessions.
Watery diarrhea syndrome in an adult with ganglioneuroma‐pheochromocytoma. Identification of vasoactive intestinal peptide, calcitonin, and catecholamines and assessment of their biologic activity

A case of adult ganglioneuroma‐pheochromocytoma with an associated watery diarrhea syndrome is reported. High levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) were found in preoperative serum and in tumor tissue. The serum VIP levels fell to normal, and the watery diarrhea syndrome completely ceased following removal of the tumor. In addition to containing VIP, the tumor was rich in catecholamines, and calcitonin. Peptide hormone‐containing extracts and catecholamine extracts from the tumor both activated the adenyl cyclase system and increased lipolytic activity in a preparation of isolated rat fat cells. The findings in this patient further link VIP with neural crest tissues, and suggest the importance of determining catecholamine levels in patients with the watery diarrhea syndrome.
An adaptation of the web-based system architecture in the development of the online attendance system

Students' attendance records are important documents for academic institutions that reflect the students' performances and the credibility of the academic institutions. Nevertheless, the process of managing these documents had been done manually, by pen and papers thus making it less efficient. This paper discusses about the development of the new Online Attendance System as the enhancement of the previous developed system named Attendance Register System for higher academic institutions in Malaysia. The new online system is being developed by adapting the concept of the web-based system architecture. The web-based system architecture used in the development of this system involves integration of various open source web-based technologies such as MySQL, PHP and Apache Web Server hence making the Online Attendance System more efficient and cost effective. The development of the Online Attendance System involves four main phases which are the construction of the conceptual framework where the scopes and requirements as well as the target users of the system had been identified, developing the proposed system's architecture by adapting to the web-based architecture, and the construction of the logical design and the physical design. The Online Attendance System consists of automated processes such as able to generate online attendance reports, warning letters and graph charts thus making the processes of recording and reporting the students' attendances more efficient and well-organized.
MicroRNA-31 Is Significantly Elevated in Both Human Endometrium and Serum During the Window of Implantation: A Potential Biomarker for Optimum Receptivity1

ABSTRACT The window of implantation of human embryos into the endometrium spans Cycle Days 20–24 of the 28-day menstrual cycle. However, uterine receptivity may not be reliably replicated in infertile patients throughout this span. Thus, it is of importance to be able to determine optimal receptivity through a minimally invasive measure. We screened expression of a number of candidate micro-RNAs (miRNAs) in endometrial tissues and serum collected from a panel of fertile women during both the proliferative phase and the secretory phase of a normal menstrual cycle. We found that several miRNAs were significantly elevated in endometrial tissues in the secretory phase versus the proliferative phase. One of these, miR-31, was found to be not only detectable in serum samples but also significantly elevated in the secretory phase versus the proliferative phase. MiR-31 is known to target several immunomodulatory factors, such as FOXP3 and CXCL12. We find that both of these factors are significantly downregulated in endometrial tissues during the secretory phase. Our data suggest that miR-31 is a potential biomarker for optimal endometrial receptivity, possibly operating through an immunosuppressive mechanism.
Suxamethonium administration prolongs the duration of action of subsequent rocuronium

Background and aim: Rocuronium may be given to patients for intubation and also after they have received suxamethonium for intubation. The neuromuscular profile of rocuronium given after recovery from suxamethonium may not be identical to that when rocuronium has been given alone. The neuromuscular effects of suxamethonium and rocuronium, and their effects on intraocular pressure (IOP), heart rate (HR) and arterial pressure were also recorded. Methods: Thirty patients were randomly allocated to receive either 0.6 mg kg−1 rocuronium (n = 15) or 1 mg kg−1 suxamethonium (n = 15) for intubation. Anaesthesia was first induced using propofol 2.5 mg kg−1 and fentanyl 2 μg kg−1 and maintained with propofol 6-12 mg kg−1 h−1. The response of the thumb to supramaximal train-of-four (TOF) ulnar nerve stimulation at the wrist was measured using a mechanomyograph. In the suxamethonium group, when the first twitch of the TOF had recovered to 90%, rocuronium 0.6 mg kg−1 was administered. Before administration of relaxant, baseline readings of HR, arterial pressure and IOP were measured until stable, then the appropriate relaxant administered. Thereafter, all readings were repeated at 30, 90, 150, 210 and 270 s. Tracheal intubation was performed 300 s after the intubating dose and all recordings repeated 30 s later. Mechanomyographic monitoring was continued until 70% TOF recovery. Results: Suxamethonium had a more rapid onset than rocuronium (49 s vs. 74 s, P < 0.0001). The onset time of rocuronium after suxamethonium was significantly reduced (56 s) and the time to recover to a TOF of 70% following rocuronium was increased by previous suxamethonium administration (47 vs. 58 min, P < 0.05). Suxamethonium caused a marked rise in IOP (>30%) and HR (>10%) while rocuronium had little effect on either. Conclusion: Previous suxamethonium administration decreases the onset time and increases the duration of action of rocuronium. Unlike suxamethonium, rocuronium has few cardiovascular effects and causes little change in IOP.
High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion Could Be Managed Conservatively in Women Up to 25 Years: Results From a Retrospective Cohort Study

Objective The aim of this study was to compare histologic findings and clinical outcomes of women up to 25 years with a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) compared to women older than 25 years. Materials and Methods Sixty-three women up to 25 years and 245 women older than 25 years with HSIL, diagnosed from June 1991 to September 2008, were examined and treated following the official Spanish guidelines. Colposcopic and histologic findings and needs for treatment were recorded, and patients were followed up for a minimum of 12 months. Results A total of 308 patients were evaluated; 63.49% of women up to 25 years and 77.10% of women older than 25 years with HSIL had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2+ histology (p = .04). Also, 74.60% of women up to 25 years and 99.24% of women older than 25 years underwent an excisional procedure (p < .001). No significant or clinical differences were found in the 1-year follow-up outcomes (82.54% vs 78.37% had normal results; p = ns). Conclusions Women up to 25 years have less CIN 2+ histologic findings and less need for conization compared to older women. Our findings support the feasibility to design an adequate protocol for these younger women, which would be less aggressive and would, consequently, minimize obstetric long-term secondary effects.
Elastic Guided Wave Propagation in Electrical Cables

This article analyzes the propagation modes of ultrasound waves inside an electrical cable in order to assess its behavior as an acoustic transmission channel. A theoretical model for propagation of elastic waves in electric power cables is presented. The power cables are represented as viscoelastic-layered cylindrical structures with a copper core and a dielectric cover. The model equations then have been applied and numerically resolved for this and other known structures such as solid and hollow cylinders. The results are compared with available data from other models. Several experimental measures were carried out and were compared with results from the numerical simulations. Experimental and simulated results showed a significant difference between elastic wave attenuation inside standard versus bare, low-voltage power cables.
Determinants of entrepreneurship in Latvia and Baltic countries in general: an empirical approach

Within the framework of North's institutional theory (1990, 2005), the aim of this study is to analyse the impact of economic and institutional factors (formal and informal) on entrepreneurship in both Latvia and the Baltic countries as a whole in the post-Soviet era. Based on international entrepreneurship topic, a multiple regression approach was used with data from 1996 to 2014 with a time-series model (Latvia), a panel data model and a dynamic panel data model (Baltic countries). The empirical findings for the Baltic countries suggest that a lower level of corruption, fewer constraints on capital investment, higher investment expenditure, a higher level of financial development, fewer trade barriers, lower inflationary pressure and less governmental price regulation tend to increase entrepreneurial activity. Despite some unexpected results related to fiscal freedom and property rights, the findings provide economic policy-makers with important information about the main determinants of entrepreneurial activity in the Baltics.
Associations between components of rumination and autobiographical memory specificity as measured by a Minimal Instructions Autobiographical Memory Test

Clinical studies have shown that rumination functions as a mediator between overgeneral memory—the tendency to retrieve autobiographical memories in a non-specific format—and depression. Recently, rumination has been dismantled into two distinct subcomponents: reflection, which is more adaptive, and brooding, which is more maladaptive. In the present study we examined the differential relationships of these two rumination subcomponents with autobiographical memory specificity and their mediational role for the relationship between reduced memory specificity and depression in a non-clinical sample. In addition, we investigated the usefulness of a “minimal instructions” version of the Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT) to measure memory specificity in non-clinical populations. Results indicated that the use of minimal instructions can increase the AMT's sensitivity to detect reduced autobiographical memory specificity in non-clinical individuals. Further it was found that brooding, and not reflection, is significantly associated with reduced autobiographical memory specificity and functions as a mediator between reduced memory specificity and depression.
Lack of any prognostic relationship between adiponectin receptor (Adipo R1/R2) expression for early/advanced stage gastric cancer.

INTRODUCTION Adiponectin (ApN) is a complement C1q-related protein, mainly secreted from adipose tissue, that signals through ApN receptor 1 (Adipo-R1) and ApN receptor 2 (Adipo-R2). Low serum ApN concentrations are associated with obesity-related malignancies. However, there are very few studies on any prognostic role of ApN receptors in gastric cancer. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between AdipoR1/R2 expression and early/advanced stage gastric cancer in terms of clinicopathologic characteristics and survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen patients with early and 39 with advanced stage gastric cancer who underwent surgical gastric resection were included in this study. RESULTS Adipo-R1 expression was low in 2 of the 18 patients with early stage gastric cancer (11.1%), while 4 had low Adipo-R2 expression (22.2%). In those with advanced stage gastric cancer, 7 of 39 had low Adipo-R1 expression (17.9%) and 16 had low Adipo-R2 expression (41%). Adipo-R2 expression was significantly higher (p=0.011) in moderately differentiated tumors when compared to well-differentiated tumors. While there was nearly a statistically significant relationship between TNM stage (T, tumor size; N, regional lymph node; M, whether distant metastases exist) and Adipo-R2 expression (p=0.054), there was no relationship between Adipo-R1/-R2 expression with tumor stage and survival. CONCLUSION Adipo-R1/-R2 expression has no prognostic significance of in early/advanced stage gastric cancer.
Is Political Ideology Stable? Evidence from Long-Serving Members of the United States Congress

This study extends the political science and political psychology literature on the political ideology of lawmakers by addressing the following question: How stable is a legislator’s political ideology over time? In doing so, we employ Nokken–Poole scores of legislators’ political ideology for members of the United States (U.S.) House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate who were elected prior to the 103rd Congress that began in early 1991 and who served consecutively through the 115th Congress, which ended in early 2019. Results from individual time-series estimations suggest that political ideology is unstable over time for a sizable portion of the members of both major political parties who serve in the U.S. Congress, while analysis of the pooled data suggests that, after accounting for inertia in political ideology and individual legislator effects, Republican legislators become more conservative over time. These results run somewhat counter to the finding in prior studies that the political ideologies of lawmakers and other political elites are stable over time.
Digital Health Communication and Global Public Influence: A Study of the Ebola Epidemic

Scientists and health communication professionals expressed frustration over the relationship between misinformation circulating on the Internet and global public perceptions of and responses to the Ebola epidemic originating in West Africa. Using the big data platform Media Cloud, we analyzed all English-language stories about keyword “Ebola” published from 1 July 2014 to 17 November 2014 from the media sets U.S. Mainstream Media, U.S. Regional Media, U.S. Political Blogs, U.S. Popular Blogs, Europe Media Monitor, and Global Voices to understand how social network theory and models of the networked global public may have contributed to health communication efforts. 109,400 stories met our inclusion criteria. The CDC and WHO were the two media sources with the most inlinks (hyperlinks directed to their sites). Twitter was fourth Significantly more public engagement on social media globally was directed toward stories about risks of U.S. domestic Ebola infections than toward stories focused on Ebola infections in West Africa or on science-based information. Corresponding public sentiments about Ebola were reflected in the policy responses of the international community, including violations of the International Health Regulations and the treatment of potentially exposed individuals. The digitally networked global public may have influenced the discourse, sentiment, and response to the Ebola epidemic.
Dyslipidemia is a persistent problem in puerperium with or without preeclampsia.

PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION To compare serum levels of triglycerides and cholesterol and the dyslipidemic factor (DLF): (triglycerides (mg/dl)/150) X (cholesterol (mg/dl)/200) among puerperal women with or without preeclampsia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three groups of puerperal women were formed: group A uncomplicated deliveries, group B deliveries complicated with preeclampsia that had not attended the Obstetric Intensive Care Unit (OICU); and group C puerperal women complicated with preeclampsia and that had attended the OICU. RESULTS The authors studied a total of 47 puerperal women, 14 without complications, 11 complicated with preeclampsia, and 22 complicated with preeclampsia requiring attention at the OICU. Thirteen (92.8%) puerperal women without complications and 100% of puerperal women complicated with preeclampsia had triglycerides higher than 150 mg/dl at least three days post-delivery. Furthermore, six puerperal women without complications (42.8%), one puerperal woman complicated with preeclampsia (9%), and eight puerperal women complicated with preeclampsia requiring attention at the OICU (36.3%) had levels in crescendo. CONCLUSIONS Hypertriglyceridemia is a persistent problem in puerperal women who suffered preeclampsia and the DLF could be a useful tool to evaluate a mixed lipemic state. Finally, preeclampsia and dyslipidemia might be considered as risk factors to develop chronic endothelial disease (CED).
Comparative phylogeography of the two pink salmon broodlines: an analysis based on a mitochondrial DNA genealogy

Over most of their natural northern Pacific Ocean range, pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) spawn in a habitat that was repeatedly and profoundly affected by Pleistocene glacial advances. A strictly two‐year life cycle of pink salmon has resulted in two reproductively isolated broodlines, which spawn in alternating years and evolved as temporal replicates of the same species. To study the influence of historical events on phylogeographical and population genetic structure of the two broodlines, we first reconstructed a fine‐scale mtDNA haplotype genealogy from a sample of 80 individuals and then determined the geographical distribution of the major genealogical assemblages for 718 individuals sampled from nine Alaskan and eastern Asian even‐ and nine odd‐year pink salmon populations. Analysis of restriction site states in seven polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐amplified mtDNA regions (comprising 97% of the mitochondrial genome) using 13 endonucleases resolved 38 haplotypes, which clustered into five genealogical lineages that differed from 0.065 to 0.225% in net sequence divergence. The lineage sorting between broodlines was incomplete, which suggests a recent common ancestry. Within each lineage, haplotypes exhibited star‐like genealogies indicating recent population growth. The depth of the haplotype genealogy is shallow (∼0.5% of nucleotide sequence divergence) and probably reflects repeated decreases in population size due to Pleistocene glacial advances. Nested clade analysis (NCA) of geographical distances showed that the geographical distribution observed for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes resulted from alternating influences of historical range expansions and episodes of restricted dispersal. Analyses of molecular variance showed weak geographical structuring of mtDNA variation, except for the strong subdivision between Asian and Alaskan populations within the even‐year broodline. The genetic similarities observed among and within geographical regions probably originated from postglacial recolonizations from common sources rather than extensive gene flow. The phylogeographical and population genetic structures differ substantally between broodlines. This can be explained by stochastic lineage sorting in glacial refugia and perhaps different recolonization routes in even‐ and odd‐year broodlines.