Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Index Approach to Assess the Human Capital of Russia

The article is devoted to the problem of methodology for the assessment of human capital. The authors critically and comprehensively considering various existing approaches to the assessment of human capital at the macro level, including unhallowed in the domestic literature, and spend their systematization. On the basis of critical analysis is presented of the author’s approach to building human capital index, which is being tested on Russian data. The author’s empirical study is conducted on the basis of a broad interpretation of the notion of “human capital”, the proposed indicators not previously used in the literature, in particular it is proposed to use not only traditional indicators characterizing the level of education and health, but also components that characterize the cultural level, the values of the population, the quality of the education. Built indicator of human capital can be useful for the development of public policies aimed at reducing regional imbalances in the accumulation of human capital, and more efficient use of labor resources.
Two Components of Voltage Dependent Outward K+ Current in Isolated Human Atrial Myocytes

Background: The cardiac electrophysiological characteristics differ significantly among mammalian species or among various disease processes. However, difficulties in the procedures for harvesting and isolating tissue have precluded studies using human cardiac specimens. Methods: The outward K + -currents were recorded in human atrial myocytes isolated from patients undergoing open heart surgery. The electrophysiological characteristics of the voltage-dependent outward currents were investigated using a whole-cell patchclamp technique. Results: Using depolarizing step pulses, the transient outward currents were activated within 10 msec, which slowly inactivated thereafter. After inactivation, the sustained components of the outward currents remained for up to 5.0 seconds of depolarizing step pulses. While the inactivating component was almost completely inactivated at potentials >+30 mV, the non-inactivating component showed only 10-15% inactivation. The non-inactivating component was highly sensitive to 4-AP and was inhibited by >80% at a concentration of 0.2 mM, while the inactivating component was inhibited by only 25%. The delayed rectifier potassium currents were not recorded. The ratios of the amplitudes of the inactivating and non-inactivating components varied. Conclusions: Two components of the voltage dependent outward K + currents in human cardiac tissue were identified, which could
The Challenges of the Quality of Audit Evidence in Libya

This paper attempts to investigate the quality of audit evidence obtained by auditors in the Libyan context. In particular, this study explores the effects of the professional and academic qualifications of the auditor, consistency of evidence, and amount of evidence on the evidence. A questionnaire was used to collect data regarding the perceptions of the external, internal, state and taxation auditors on the effect of the three selected factors on evidence. To confirm and support the questionnaire findings semi-structured interviews were conducted with four target group. The results of the study indicate that professional and academic qualifications of the auditor, consistency of evidence, and amount of evidence all have a direct bearing on quality of evidence.
General Upper Limit of the Age of the Universe

The aim of the study is to describe the general upper limit of the age of the universe with the help of different cosmological models of the universe. Here homogeneous and isotropic assumptions of the observed universe are not strictly followed to calculate the present age of the universe. Einstein equations play an important role in cosmology to determine the present age of the universe. The study stresses on the works of Friedmann, Robertson-Walker (FRW) universe and Raychaudhuri equations. The paper tries to find the general upper limit of the age of the universe with easier mathematical calculations.
Use of recycled glass as a raw material in the manufacture of Portland cement

Scrap glass is a solid waste from daily recycling. Most of the waste glass is sodium-lime-silicate glass which has, more or less, similar chemical compositions to clay, a raw material in cement manufacturing. Therefore, we utilize the solid waste in cement raw mix by replacing part of the clayey component. In this study, the effects of the glass in cement raw mix on clinker burning were investigated. The experimental results show that the addition of the glass into cement raw mix (1) results in the formation of more liquid phase between 950~ to 1250~ compared with conventional raw meals; (2) decreases C3S content in the clinker; and (3) increases NCsA 3 content, which leads to flash setting and poor strength development of the cement. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the SG value [SG = SO 3 9 100%/(1.292 K20 + 0.85 Na20)] of the clinker when the glass is present in the raw mix. Le verre est l'un des grands d&hets de la vie quotidienne. Une analyse des d~chets de verre r~v~le que ceux-ci sont constitu~s essentiellement de silicate de soude et de calcium. Dans nos essais, des d&hets de verre sont m~lang~s h ta pdte de ciment en se substituant h sa composante argileuse, et l'effet de leur pr~sence dans le ciment sur le brftlage clans le clinker a OtO examinL Les essais montrent que l'adjonction de verre dans la pdte de ciment stimule la formation de la phase liquide entre 950~ et 1 250~ par comparaison avec h sa forme habituelle, diminue le taux de C3S dans le clinker et augmente celui de NC8A3 qui engendre une prise rapide et un faible d~veloppement de la rOsistance m&anique du ciment. Il faudrait augmenter de fafon appropri~e le S G [SG = S 0 3 9 100%/(1 ,292 1(20 + O, 85 Na20)] du clinker en presence de verre.
TYPE 1NEUROFIBROMATOSIS AND EFFECTS ON THE STOMATOGNATIC SYSTEM

Neurofibromatosis is a systemic hereditary disorder that mainly affects the skin and nervous system. It was identified for the first time by Friedrich Von Recklinghausen, being called the Von Recklinghausen syndrome. Some of the clinical symptoms can be visible since birth, however, most of them start to show up during childhood and adolescenceand, in women, phenotype becomes evident during pregnancy, due to the severe hormonal changesthat occur. The goal of this research was to understand the way type I neurofibromatosis can affect the oral cavity and how the dental doctor can help. For that, several papers were selected from the search on the websites Pubmed, Elsevier andUptoDateusing the following keywords: neurofibromatosis, oral health, neurofibroma, oral cancer, GTP, type 1 neurofibromatosis. Concerning clinical features at the oral cavity, more than one fourth of patients with this disorder can show neurofibromas in the mouth, usually isolated.Phenotype can include increased fungiform papillae, head and neck polyps, nodules in the posterior portionof the back of the tongue, dental mobility caused by lesionsin the gingival-dental-alveolar complex, changes in the number of teeth, molar retention, dental calculus, aplasia of the second bottom molarsandadvanced periodontal disease. Bone changes can be present like subperiosteal erosion, hyperplasia, hypoplasia, dysplasia in the wings of the sphenoidandshortsize.Concerning therapeutic strategies, some studies suggest that proteins of the mTOR pathway (mammalian target of rapamycin) can be the target for therapyof this disease in case of malignant transformation.
Homotopic L0-Minimization for Highly-Undersampled MRI Reconstruction

() , 0 1 min arg ~ 2 2 2 e ≤ Φ − Φ > Ψ = Ω f u u u u (1) where 1(| |>0) denotes the indicator function. Unfortunately, this problem is NP-complete and, as 1 possesses a zero gradient almost everywhere (a.e.), even local minima cannot be readily computed. The L1-minimization problem is obtained by relaxing 1 to the modulus function, and this formulation generally necessitates acquisition of at least 3K-5K measurements to ensure that an accurate reconstruction is achievable [7]. Alternatively, consider () , s.t. , lim min arg ~ 2 2 2 0 e σ ρ σ ≤ Φ − Φ Ψ = Ω → f u u
Cytokines and Nitric Oxide in Immunopathogenesis of IBD and Potential Therapeutic Approaches

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a multi-factorial condition characterized by a chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. In IBD, the balance between pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines and immuno-regulatory cytokines is disturbed. An over-production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide characterizes the pathogenesis of IBD. In Crohn’s disease the major cytokines are generated by Th1and Th17-polarized T cells. In contract, UC is viewed more as an atypical Th2-type immune response characterized by the generation of high amount of IL-5, IL-4 and IL-13. Both Th1 and Th17 cytokines are involved in the up-regulation of iNOS expression in IBD and the production of high level of nitric oxide (NO). The latter, as an effect, causes tissue damages through the generation of reactive nitric oxygen species (RNOS). A better understanding of the pathogenesis of IBD has led to the development of new therapeutic strategies based on targeting cytokines and their receptors as well as NO modulation. Manipulation the microbiota with probiotics and helminthes may have potential use as anti-inflammatory agents in IBD by inducing anti-inflammatory cytokine pattern.
School violence in the classroom: reflections on its causes, consequences and social links

School violence is a global phenomenon which causes great social unrest. A broad theoretical debate has been going on for the last few decades along with extensive research in various fields: education, social work, social psychology and sociology, etc., which gives us reasons to believe that we are facing a multidimensional, transversal social problem, whose significance goes beyond its basic context: school and education. This article makes a theoretical review of various contributions, mentioning its causes and consequences, stressing the ties established between family and the socio-cultural environment. In this regard, it must not be forgotten that school violence falls within different levels; from school itself to society. This concern, obviously, increases the variety of approaches, results and ways of dealing with it. School violence is a complex and dynamic social phenomenon, which is gradually changing and it does so at different rates depending on the society in which it is framed. But they all have in common the negative results of this process for individuals, education and society as a whole. In this article we will essentially focus on peer violence. There are plenty of other types of school violence, although attacks among students are one of the most shocking for society. At the same time, this kind of violence is also one of the least visible, the most silenced and even the most accepted and justified.
Attachment and Risk Taking: Are They Interrelated?

Attachment theory focuses on the bond that develops between child and caretaker and the consequences that this bond has on the child’s future relationships. Adolescents attempt to define their identity by experiencing various risky behaviors. The first aim of the study was whether risk taking behavior differs according to attachment styles. The second was to examine risk taking behavior differences according to gender. The third aim of this study was to examine attachment X gender interaction effect for risk taking behavior. And final was to investigate attachment styles differences according to gender. Data were collected from 218 participants (114 female and 104 male) who are university students. The results of this study showed that attachment styles differentiated by risk taking behavior and males had higher risk taking score than females. It was also found out that there was significant attachment X gender interaction effect for risk taking behavior. And finally, the results showed that attachment styles differentiated according to gender. Keywords—Attachment style, risk taking
An inefficient dwarf: chemical abundances and the evolution of the Ursa Minor dwarf spheroidal galaxy

We present detailed chemical element abundance ratios of 17 elements with eight <= Z <= 60 in three metal-poor stars in the Ursa Minor dwarf spheroidal galaxy, which we combine with extant data from the literature to assess the predictions of a novel suite of galaxy chemical evolution models. The spectroscopic data were obtained with the Keck/High-Resolution Echelle Spectrograph instrument and revealed low metallicities of [Fe/H]= -2.12, -2.13 and -2.67 dex. While the most metal-poor star in our sample shows an overabundance of [Mn/Fe] and other Fe-peak elements, our overall findings are in agreement with previous studies of this galaxy: elevated values of the [alpha/Fe] ratios that are similar to, or only slightly lower than, the halo values but with SN Ia enrichment at very low metallicity, as well as an enhancement of the ratio of first to second peak neutron capture elements [Y/Ba] with decreasing metallicity. The chemical evolution models which were tailored to reproduce the metallicity distribution function of the dwarf spheroidal, indicate that Ursa Minor had an extended star formation which lasted nearly 5 Gyr with low efficiency and are able to explain the [Y/Ba] enhancement at low metallicity for the first time. In particular, we show that the present-day lack of gas is probably due to continuous loss of gas from the system, which we model as winds.
Counter-rotating relativistic static thin disks

ABSTRACT A detailed study of the Counter-Rotating Model (CRM) for generic fi-nite static axially symmetric thin disks with nonzero radial pressure is presented. We find a general constraint over the counter-rotating tan-gential velocities needed to cast the surface energy-momentum tensor of the disk as the superposition of two counter-rotating perfect fluids. We also found expressions for the energy density and pressure of the counter-rotating fluids. Then we shown that, in general, it is not possible to take the two counter-rotating fluids as circulating along geodesics neither take the two counter-rotating tangential velocities as equal and opposite. An specific example is studied where we obtain some CRM with well defined counter-rotating tangential velocities that are agree with the strong en­ergy condition, but there are regions of the disk with negative energy density, in violation of the weak energy condition.
Multiband Negative Permittivity Metamaterials and Absorbers

Design and characteristics of multiband negative permittivity metamaterial and its absorber configuration are presented in this paper. The proposed multiband metamaterial is composed of a novel multibranch resonator which can possess four electric resonance frequencies. It is shown that, by controlling the length of the main branches of such resonator, the resonant frequencies and corresponding absorbing bands of metamaterial absorber can be shifted in a large frequency band.
The Effect of Participatory School Health Promotion Model on Knowledge and Practices of Rural School Children of Wardha, Maharashtra

Background: Involvements of parents and teachers have a superior role in imparting health education to school children. In the present study, an attempt has been made to find out impact of the “school health promotion program” with involvement of parents, teachers and a health agency on personal hygiene and related morbidities for the first time among the rural schools of Wardha district. Material and methods: The study was undertaken in the three government and two private schools in RHTC, Bhidi, MGIMS. “School Health Education Program” with emphasis on improvement in personal hygiene and health related practices of school children was started. No sampling technique was applied for selection of students as all the students in the age group of 10-15 years were included. In August 2010, the baseline health check-up of 470 children and an end line assessment was carried out after one year in March 2011. The planned health education sessions were conducted once a week in the schools. Data was entered and analysed using Epi Info (version 6.04d) software package. Results: The knowledge among students and practices compared before and after imparting health education sessions using Z test for difference between two proportions revealed significant change. Conclusion: The school health promotion program with the active involvement of school teachers leads to improvement in personal hygiene in school children and reduction in related morbidities.
Time-Energy Optimal Cluster Space Motion Planning for Mobile Robot Formations

The motions of a formation of mobile robots along predetermined paths are opti‐ mized according to a tunable time-energy cost function using the cluster space approach to multiagent system specification and control. Upon path-parameterizing cluster state variables describing the geometry and pose of a multirobot group, an optimal control problem is formulated that incorporates formation dynamics and state constraints. The optimal trajectory is derived numerically via a gradient search, iterating over the initial value of one costate. A multirobot formation control simulation is then used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique. Results indicate that a substantial tradeoff is made between energy expenditure and motion time when considered as minimization criteria in varying proportions, allowing the operator to tailor mission trajectories according to desired levels of each.
Poverty and Natural Resources: Measuring the Links (Some Issues in the Context of Karnataka)

Natural resources (NR) such as land, water, trees, plants and air provide the basis upon which human and other living beings survive and carry on their varied activities like agriculture, forestry, fisheries and tourism. However, most of the societies being characterised by socio-cultural constraints through a system of stratification, there is unequal access to the NR for the poor and marginalised. This has lead to an extremely impoverished situation where large sections of population are excluded from accessing these resources. Degradation of environment in the recent years has made matters worse for them. While degradation is caused by a number of factors, the blame for the same is squarely placed upon the poor who are accused of overusing the NR for their survival and are hence denied access to use of NR (like collection of forest wood for fuel or minor forest produce for economic security). Women are the worst sufferers in this situation as household food and water security continue to rest with them especially in the case of poor and very poor households. The issue, therefore, is the understanding of the links between poverty and NR and measuring them. Besides efforts at their rejuvenation, the NR needs to be efficiently managed to enhance their utility with equity. This process has to be monitored to achieve sustainability and should enable poverty reduction and protect those who have somehow come out of poverty from being trapped again into it, due to environment-related shocks, such as flooding, drought and climate change, to mention a few. Such protection is central to their livelihoods, health and security. This paper is an attempt to address issues relating to the above, looking at the situation in the state of Karnataka, delineating various forms of interventions needed to be undertaken by academicians, policy makers, community-based associations and the public at large.
Implementation and validation of a three degrees of freedom steering-system model in a full vehicle model

ABSTRACT This paper describes the coupling between a three degrees of freedom steering-system model and a multi-body truck model. The steering-system model includes the king-pin geometry to provide the correct feedback torque from the road to the steering-system. The steering-system model is combined with a validated tractor semi-trailer model. An instrumented tractor semi-trailer has been tested on a proving ground and the steering-wheel torque, pitman-arm angle, king-pin angles and drag-link force have been measured during steady-state cornering, a step steer input and a sinusoidal steering input. It is shown that the steering-system model is able to accurately predict the steering-wheel torque for all tests and the vehicle model is accurate for vehicle motions up to a frequency where the lateral acceleration gain is minimum. Even though the vehicle response is not accurate above this frequency, the steering-wheel torque is still represented accurately.
The effects of labor wage tax reform on the Iran economy: A computable general equilibrium model approach

Government revenue in Iran is highly dependent on the oil sales. Iranian government in order to decrease dependence on oil sales should obtain new income resources by expanding the tax base. Labor wage tax is not considered an important source of government revenue. Thus increasing tax rate on labor wage is necessary for government revenue. This paper attempts to develop and use computable general equilibrium model to examine the economic impacts of increasing labor wage tax in industrial and mining sector on the Iran economy. It contacted three simulations to examine the consequences of possible changes that occur in Iran economy due the increase in labor wage taxes. The policy issues addressed in this paper are 5, 10 and 15% increase in labor wage tax in industry and mining sectors. The increase of the labor wage tax rate may cause Iran's gross domestic product (GDP) and household income to decline from the benchmark level while the government revenue would increase. Also the sectoral effects are discussed in this paper. Key words: Labor wage tax, computable general equilibrium, Social Accounting Matrix.
Education Expenditures and Economic Growth: Evidence from Ghana

This study investigated the relationship between education expenditure and economic growth in Ghana. Vector error correction and cointegration analysis are employed to test for the causal relationship between the variables for the period 1970 to 2012. The empirical results show a positive and significant long-run relationship between education expenditures and real GDP, gross capital formation as well labor force participation. The results indicate that education contributes meaningfully to the long-term growth of Ghana’s economy. Also, in the short-run, Granger causality runs both directions between economic growth and education expenditures. The results may provide some insights into how the formulation and implementation of appropriate fiscal policies relating to education could help improve the quality of education and thereby contributes to economic development of Ghana. Additionally, the study may serve as a guide in the reform of Ghana’s education policies leading to improved learning and educational outcomes. Keywords : Economic growth, Education Expenditure, Vector Error Correction Model
Improving commercial RTOS performance using a custom interrupt management scheduling policy

Hard real time systems should be built using a predictive approach since high importance tasks or human health is involved. The system must provide a real-time response to the changes of the environmental conditions and actions produced by humans or other hardware equipment. It is mandatory that task computations are both correct and finished within a specified deadline. This is often not possible with commercial RTOS because the high importance tasks can be interrupted by interrupts belonging to low priority tasks, thus delaying the task deadline. The paper presents a custom interrupt management policy that is meant to eliminate this inconvenience.