Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
La protección de la intimidad y vida privada en Internet: los flujos de información y la integridad contextual en las redes sociales, (2004-2014)

La presente tesis explora las actuales preocupaciones relativas a las intromisiones en la intimidad y vida privada de las personas producidas en los entornos digitales; concretamente, en las redes sociales. Con el objetivo de entender y explicar los principales riesgos en el uso de estos servicios de Internet, se pretende identificar y evaluar los flujos de informacion y la transferencia de datos personales que tienen lugar en dichos entornos. Asimismo, tras resenar los problemas a los que habitualmente se enfrentan los usuarios para preservar, activamente, su esfera privada, se aporta una propuesta destinada a solventar dicha situacion de vulnerabilidad, luchando contra la desinformacion imperante en dichos contextos. Subrayamos, asi, el papel esencial que ostenta el conocimiento, no solo para prevenir las citadas injerencias, sino para posibilitar que los individuos ejerzan su autodeterminacion informativa. Diseno/Metodologia/Aproximacion: En nuestro estudio haremos uso de las tecnicas de analisis de contenido y comparativo aplicadas a una muestra de los mas relevantes articulos e informes cientificos relativos a las interacciones entre tecnologias digitales de la Web 2.0 e intimidad y vida privada (Existe una cantidad creciente y substancial de literatura que aborda la confrontacion entre ambas variables). Ulteriormente, mediante el marco teorico de la “integridad contextual” aportado por Helen Nissenbaum, evaluaremos como la naturaleza de la Web 2.0 cambia la ecuacion de lo publico y lo que se considera privado. A traves de las lentes de esta aproximacion, analizaremos los flujos de informacion que se ocultan bajo la estructura de las herramientas de la Web 2.0, centrandonos, primordialmente, en la red social Facebook. Hallazgos/Resultados: Las principales contribuciones de nuestro estudio se resumen en dos. En primer lugar, se consigue ilustrar el papel esencial que el ostenta conocimiento en la propia proteccion que los usuarios ejercen sobre sus informaciones privadas; ayudandoles a tomar decisiones criticas y conscientes en lo que respecta a la preservacion de su ambito privado. Como segundo aporte, destacamos la presentacion de una serie de recomendaciones, asi como de un sistema para proporcionar a los individuos ese flujo de informacion necesario para satisfacer sus deseos de autodeterminacion informativa.
Graphe de contacts et ondelettes : étude d'une diffusion bactérienne

Cet article presente la serie temporelle des contacts entre personnes d'un etablissement hospitalier ainsi que la propagation epidemiologique de differentes souches bacteriennes. Ce jeu de donnees experimentales collecte sur un systeme a grande echelle et sur une longue duree offre un cadre exceptionnel pour l'analyse des fonctions sur graphe, avec pour objectif a terme, de mettre en lumiere des liens de causalite entre dynamiques structurelles des reseaux et modes de diffusions bacteriennes. A titre d'illustration, nous comparons l'evolution temporelle d'une souche a partir d'un foyer localise, avec les reponses impulsionnelles d'ondelettes sur le graphe des contacts, a differentes echelles spatiales.
The Physiology and Pathology of the Blood

THE active state of research on blood was well JL shown by the symposium held at Aberdeen on September 6 by Section I (Physiology) of the British Association. The four papers which were presented at the meeting ranged from matters of practical importance to medicine, such as the incidence of anaemia amongst the poor of Aberdeen, to problems ofat the momentpurely scientific interest such as the molecular weight of the blood pigment, haemoglobin, in different species; this short account of the discussion may well begin at the medical angle of the discussion, and travel gradually over to the more academic aspects.
Profile of Martin Chalfie

Despite having a bad reputation, cholesterol is an essential component of the plasma membranes of animal cells, where it is thought to modulate the properties of the lipid bilayer. Cholesterol can also bind directly to proteins in the membrane. In his Inaugural Article published in 2006, Martin Chalfie, the William R. Kenan, Jr., Professor of Biological Sciences at Columbia University (New York), in collaboration with Thomas Benzing (University of Cologne, Germany), identified a new class of cholesterol-binding proteins among the prohibitin (PHB)-domain protein family (1). PHB-domain proteins appear to regulate a variety of membrane functions, from cell signaling to mechanosensation. Studying two members of the family, MEC-2 and Podocin, Chalfie, Benzing, and their colleagues found that cholesterol is crucial for the activity of two different classes of channel proteins to which the PHB-domain proteins bind. They suggest that the binding of cholesterol by the PHB-proteins alters the local lipid environment of associated membrane proteins and changes their activity. Chalfie, born in 1947 and elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2004, grew up in Chicago. As a child, all elements of science interested him, but he feels his early activities were somewhat mundane. “Unfortunately, I did not have that real indicator of a career in science that many of my friends have. I did not make explosives and almost destroy my home,” he says. As a child, he cut out newspaper comics about nature for a scrapbook and, in high school, participated in a weekly science club after school. “I was fairly good at science in school,” he recalls. “That was the positive reinforcement to keep me going. ” Chalfie entered Harvard University (Cambridge, MA) in 1965 and thought that he would major in math. He soon switched gears. “I was attracted to biochemistry because I could do a little …
Epidemiological and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of infectious bacterial diarrhoea in Juba, South Sudan.

In June 1913 the Medical Research Committee held its first meeting. The objective was to implement a national scheme for health insurance which would provide hospital treatment for tuberculosis (TB) and to initiate research comparing TB in animals and humans. The committee is now known as the Medical Research Council (MRC). Research has been supported ever since so acknowledging its vital role within our society. During the last century there have been many discoveries and amazing innovations changing the way healthcare professionals treat patients.
Direct evidence of a surface quenching effect on size-dependent luminescence of upconversion nanoparticles.

Lanthanide-doped upconversion (UC) nanoparticles have shown considerable promise in biological labeling, imaging, and therapeutics. However, although current synthetic approaches allow for preparation of ultrasmall UC nanoparticles with precise control over particle morphology and emission color, smaller nanoparticles come at the expense of weaker emissions, which is a constraint that is practically impossible to surpass. Many fundamental aspects of the UC luminescence in these nanomaterials still lack sufficient understanding. In particular, several groups have observed varied relative intensity of the multi-peak UC emissions with varying particle size. The UC luminescence primarily originates from intra-configurational 4f electron transitions within the localized lanthanide dopant ions. Due to a small Bohr radius of the exciton in UC hosts and weak interactions between 4f electrons of the lanthanide dopant ions and the host matrix, the size-dependent UC luminescence can hardly be explained by classic theories, such as quantum confinement and surface plasmon resonance related to optical properties of semiconductor and metal nanoparticles. Although phonon confinement has been used to account for the size-dependent UC luminescence, it has been a matter of much debate, owing to the constraints typically associated with solid-state sample measurements at extreme conditions (for example, low temperatures of ca. 10 K) and exclusion of vibrational energies and optical traps arising from particle surface. To this end, a surface quenching effect is proposed and correlated with size-dependent UC luminescence. However, the surface quenching effect has not been conclusively established, largely because of the lack of direct evidence on surface-quenching-induced luminescence modulation of different-sized particles. Herein, we present a comparative spectroscopic investigation of a series of Yb/Tm co-doped hexagonal-phase NaGdF4 nanoparticles (10, 15, and 25 nm) with or without a thin (ca. 2.5 nm) surface protection layer. We show that, through the thin layer coating, the characteristic optical features (such as relative emission intensities) of these nanoparticles can be retained, thereby providing direct evidence to support the surface quenching effect responsible for the size-dependent UC luminescence. Hexagonal-phase NaGdF4 was chosen as the model host system owing to its ability to render high UC efficiency and the benefits of producing relatively small (< 20 nm) and uniform nanoparticles. Furthermore, the Gd host ion that features half-filled 4f orbitals is relatively inert in the luminescence process and thus has negligible interaction with the dopant ions. To provide a direct comparison over a broad wavelength range between the relative emission intensity of the particles, the Tm ion with a ladder-like arrangement of energy levels was selected as the activator capable of generating upconverted emission peaks that span from ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared (NIR) spectral regions (Figure 1a).
SetB: an integral membrane protein that affects chromosome segregation in Escherichia coli

setB was identified as a high‐copy suppressor of the partition defect of a mutation in parC, encoding one of the subunits of topoisomerase IV. Deletion of this integral inner membrane protein causes a delay in chromosome segregation, whereas its overproduction causes nucleoid disintegration and stretching, leading to a cell division defect. setB deletion mutants also exhibit a synthetic phenotype when combined with mutations that delete the C‐terminal motor domain of the septal ring protein FtsK. SetB localizes in the cell as a helix and interacts with MreB, the bacterial actin homologue, which also forms a helix. These observations suggest that there may be a link between chromosome segregation and cellular infrastructure.
Sequence requirements for Nα‐terminal acetylation of yeast proteins by NatA

NatA is the major N‐terminal acetyltransferase of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In this study, we took advantage of our recent data on N‐terminal acetylation of proteins of the yeast protein map to update the list of proteins with known NatA‐dependent acetylation status. Furthermore, using the information available on the acetylation status of 100 novel proteins, we re‐examined the rules for acetylation by NatA. The results refine our previous knowledge on NatA substrate specificity depending on the N‐terminal and penultimate residues. In particular, we found that the acetylation frequencies of Ser‐, Thr‐ and Ala‐, the three residues most often acetylated by NatA, are higher than previously reported. In addition, comparison of the N‐terminal region of acetylated and non‐acetylated proteins revealed differences in amino acid composition that extend over the 25 first amino acid residues: acetylated proteins are characterized by a higher frequency of glutamate and glutamine and a lower frequency of lysine, arginine and histidine. We suggest that the particularities in amino acid composition of the N‐terminal region of acetylated proteins facilitate its interaction with the Nat1p subunit of NatA and its guidance to the catalytic subunit Ard1p. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Designing Pedagogy Incorporating Executive Function

Abstract The National Academy of Neuropsychology defines clinical neuropsychology as “a sub-field of psychology concerned with the applied science of brain–behavior relationships. Clinical neuropsychologists use this knowledge in the assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and/or rehabilitation of patients across the lifespan with neurological, medical, neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions, as well as other cognitive and learning disorders” (National Academy of Neuropsychology, 2011). Pediatric neuropsychologists have long been concerned about another area of functionality, making their recommendations educationally relevant. This article describes accommodated metacognitive instruction, a pedagogy based on cognitive neuropsychological principles of learning and used to instruct college faculty on a methodology for teaching in all-inclusive environments.
Disentangling Use and Non-Use Values : A structurally consistent approach using revealed and stated preference choice data

In this paper we develop a random utility model designed to distinguish and estimate, within a single, coherent framework, the use and non-use value of an array of environmental goods. The motivating example is the valuation of improvements in the ecological status of rivers. In a departure from the extreme reduced-form of the standard linear mixed logit specification, our model is developed from our understanding of the underlying structure of preferences. To identify the parameters of that model we pursue an estimation strategy based on combining revealed preference data with stated preference data from a choice experiment. We explore the properties of the model in a Monte Carlo experiment and then apply it to a dataset collected in a large scale survey carried out across Northern England. This implementation reveals intuitively plausible estimates of the use and non-use parameters of the model and provides interesting insights into the distance decay in those two different forms of value.
On the nature of programs: health promotion programs as action

Assuming that sound methodological indications regarding the evaluation of health promotion programs should be rooted in a critical reflection on the nature of health promotion programs, this paper reviews two traditional ontological perspectives at the basis of most scientific activity. While empirical realism conceptualises programs as natural objects, idealism and relativism strictly confine programs in the realm of representations and models. Both ontological perspectives however are unsatisfying for health promotion programs. It is suggested that critical realism which proposes a three-layer ontology offers a better framework for conceiving health promotion programs. In this ontology, the nature of programs lies in actions undertaken to create the conditions by which social causal mechanisms are triggered. Ultimately locating programs in the realm of practice.
Researches on mercurial preparations: The prime requirement for their acceptance in medical world

Ayurvedic and Siddha medicinal preparations containing mercury have been used over centuries in India. The recent WHO guidelines on the use of mercurials as well as actions by other international organizations into eliminating mercury in all forms have put the people practicing Rasa Shastra in a quandary. Active research in the mechanism of curative actions of mercurials is very much essential, to have widespread acceptance of the ancient practice. The toxicity of a substance depends on its bio-availability; the chemical form in which it is present and the biochemical reactions it participates. Mercury is usually administered as mercuric sulfide (Rasasindura or Linga Chendooram) which has a KSP value of 10–54. Despite this extreme insolubility, how mercury becomes bio-available under enzymatic conditions needs to be studied. Its bioaccumulation in critical organs and excretory pathways are to be ascertained. Research is also needed to establish whether Rasasindura or equivalent medicines induce the (excess) synthesis of sulfur containing biomolecules in human systems, which act as cell protectors against free radical-induced cell damage. The antioxidants themselves could be the curative agents; mercury being just a catalyst. It may also be possible that the exposure to mercury, even in very small amounts, could lead to the synthesis of specific metallothioneins in the human system, helping to detoxify the mercury exposure. The author is of the opinion that Ayurvedic practitioners/researchers should carry out long-term follow-up studies on human patients. The superiority of mercury based Ayurvedic preparations, as against modern allopathic medicines, in providing rapid and long lasting cure for specific diseases needs to document and published. In the absence of such supportive research literature, the use of mercury will become untenable, even for medicinal purposes.
Loss of programmed cell death 4 expression marks adenoma‐carcinoma transition, correlates inversely with phosphorylated protein kinase B, and is an independent prognostic factor in resected colorectal cancer

Programmed cell death 4 (Pdcd4) inhibits malignant transformation, and initial studies of Pdcd4 suggested the regulation of Pdcd4 localization by protein kinase B (Akt). However, supporting patient tissue data are missing, and the diagnostic/prognostic potential of Pdcd4 rarely has been studied. The objectives of the current were 1) to determine Pdcd4 as a diagnostic marker in the adenoma‐carcinoma sequence, 2) to support phosphorylated Akt (pAkt)‐mediated Pdcd4 regulation in vivo, and 3) to obtain the first prognostic evidence of Pdcd4 in colorectal cancer.
Deep Classifiers-Based License Plate Detection, Localization and Recognition on GPU-Powered Mobile Platform

The realization of a deep neural architecture on a mobile platform is challenging, but can open up a number of possibilities for visual analysis applications. A neural network can be realized on a mobile platform by exploiting the computational power of the embedded GPU and simplifying the flow of a neural architecture trained on the desktop workstation or a GPU server. This paper presents an embedded platform-based Italian license plate detection and recognition system using deep neural classifiers. In this work, trained parameters of a highly precise automatic license plate recognition (ALPR) system are imported and used to replicate the same neural classifiers on a Nvidia Shield K1 tablet. A CUDA-based framework is used to realize these neural networks. The flow of the trained architecture is simplified to perform the license plate recognition in real-time. Results show that the tasks of plate and character detection and localization can be performed in real-time on a mobile platform by simplifying the flow of the trained architecture. However, the accuracy of the simplified architecture would be decreased accordingly.
Knowledge, Attitude, Practice towards Breast Cancer and Breast Self-examination among Female Undergraduate Students in Karachi, Pakistan

Aims: The study was aimed at investigating knowledge, attitude and practice towards breast cancer and breast self-examination among female undergraduate students in Karachi, Pakistan. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted for a period of four months in different universities of Karachi, Pakistan. Methodology: The study was done using a self-administered questionnaire. A total of 381 undergraduate students of medical and non-medical universities were included. Results: The mean age of participants was 20.45 ± 3.67 years. 97% of the candidates had heard about breast cancer out of which only 65.4% were aware about its high prevalence rate in Karachi, Pakistan. A good proportion of candidates i.e. 78% of participants had good knowledge of breast self examination out of which only 43.8% knew how to perform it but just 24.9 % actually performed it. 20.5% of female population had made arrangements for breast screening once in their lifetime however many of the candidates (39.1%) never experienced any symptoms of breast pathology thus never felt the need to screen themselves. Various signs and symptoms were considered as indications of breast cancer though lump as a sign was answered the most by 76.1% students. Out of the several risk factors of breast cancer 70.9% of candidates responded as family history the most common risk factor and early menstruation as a risk factor was 22.8% (the least). 44.4% of the aware candidates stated that they acquired this knowledge from social media. 21.5% had a positive family history. Mammography as a diagnostic modality was considered the most helpful by 61.4% population. Conclusion: The study points out to the sufficient knowledge and attitude of breast cancer among female undergraduates in Karachi, Pakistan. However, they lacked the practice towards breast self examination. We expect that our results may provide useful data that could be used by the department of health in Karachi, Pakistan to formulate their health programs to increase the knowledge, attitude and practice towards breast cancer and breast self-examination.
Marital separation and health: stress and intervention.

Marital separation is a stressful life event implicated in much current thinking and practice in mental health, health psychology and psychosomatic medicine. This study examines marital separation in a controlled, prospective design. The participants were 314 Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) subscribers followed over a two year period. Marital separation was experienced by 127 of these participants early in the two-year study period. A stratified random half of these separated individuals participated in a short-term psychoeducational group intervention, "Seminars for the Separated. " Measures of psychosocial adjustment and medical utilization were analyzed to describe correlates of marital separation and to evaluate the intervention. Statistically significant increases in medical utilization by people experiencing marital separation were observed in comparisons with married control subjects. Much of this increased utilization occurred in the year surrounding the actual separation and may be accounted for by mental health visits as well as nonmental health contacts with the health plan. The effects of the intervention were not evident until controls for baseline levels of medical utilization were introduced into the multivariate analysis. Even then, intervention effects were slight. Methodological problems and implications for further study are presented.
Experimental Research on the Integrated Optical Injection-Locked DFB Laser Fabricated by the Reconstruction Equivalent Chirp Technique

The design, fabrication and characterization of the integrated optical injection-locked (OIL) DFB lasers are presented. The master laser (ML) and the slave laser (SL) are fabricated on the same chip. The gratings of the ML and SL are designed utilizing the reconstruction equivalent chirp (REC) technique. Thus the fabrication difficulty of the integrated OIL DFB lasers is relaxed using the equivalent sampled Bragg gratings. Comparing with the unlocked DFB laser, the relaxation oscillation frequency of the OIL DFB laser increases from 7.5 GHz to 27 GHz and the response bandwidth is enhanced dramatically.