Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Assessment of Cervical Foramina With Oblique Radiographs: The Effect of Film Angle on Foraminal Area

Study Design Radiographic evaluation of cadaveric cervical spine specimens. Objective Assess reliability and reproducibility of foraminal dimensions obtained from cervical radiographs of varying obliquity and determine optimal angles for visualizing foramina at each cervical spine level. Summary of Background Data Oblique radiographs may be considered to assess cervical foraminal dimensions and are generally obtained 45 degrees from the anteroposterior (AP) orientation. Previous reports have suggested that foraminal area observed on these radiographs may be influenced by changes in obliquity so that certain film angles may be better suited for accurately assessing foramen size, depending on which level is being evaluated. Methods Radiographs of 4 human cadaveric cervical spines were obtained at 5-degree increments from 20 to 70 degrees relative to AP orientation, using both left and right sides of each specimen. Foraminal area was estimated by measuring height and width of each foramen and also with a freehand area measurement tool. Reliabilities of both methods were calculated. At each level, foraminal area was plotted against film angle and quadratic best-fit curves were used to determine the maximum area observed and the optimal angle of obliquity for assessment. Results Assessment of foraminal area using the height and width values was associated with good interobserver reliability, whereas the freehand method exhibited excellent reliability. The optimal film angles for calculating foraminal area increased from 46.3 degrees for C2-C3 to 56.1 degrees for C7-T1. The ideal film angle that minimized the overall error of measurement across the entire cervical spine was estimated to be 52.4 degrees. Conclusions Optimal angles for visualizing lower cervical foramina are larger than those for upper cervical spine. To minimize overall loss of foraminal area throughout the entire cervical spine, oblique cervical radiographs should be obtained at an angle of approximately 52 degrees from the AP orientation.
Spatial Efficacy of Respiration Monitoring using Doppler Radars for Personalized Thermal Comfort Assessment

Recent research efforts have shown that human thermophysiological features could play a crucial role in inferring occupants’ thermal comfort, which is required for comfort-aware heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) operation. Our previous studies have demonstrated that variations of respiration, a representative human thermophysiological feature, can be non-intrusively quantified by a Doppler radar sensor (DRS). However, in pursuit of enabling human-aware rooms in buildings, in this study we have explored the impact of distance and position of the respiration monitoring system to investigate the potential of DRS systems as a ubiquitous apparatus in the realworld scenarios. Through experimental studies, respiration characteristics were evaluated in different locations and angles relative to the location of the measurement device. The measurements were carried out using a DRS system and a respiratory belt for ground truth data collection. The noise artifacts were reduced by applying the SavitzkyGolay method and Hann window, and respiration was identified by selecting the frequency component with the maximum amplitude in the typical breathing frequency range (0.1 to 0.5 Hz). Our analyses demonstrated that the signal from a costeffective DRS technology without the use of external amplifiers could cover a range, within 1.0m longitudinally and 0.5m laterally, which is sufficient for an individual sensing given a normal office environment. It was also observed that the use of an external amplifier extends the range of the DRS sensing but at the same time accentuates the noise. Therefore, advanced noise removal methods are needed to increase the range of robust sensing. This study contributes to DRS deployment strategies for realization of comfort-aware systems.
Functionality Of Non-Meat Ingredients Used In Enhanced Pork

Enhanced pork is the process of adding non-meat ingredients to fresh pork to improve the eating quality of the final product where eating quality is defined as the juiciness, tenderness and flavor of pork. In adding these ingredients, the color and the shelf-life of the final product may be impacted either negatively or positively. Shelf-life of pork can be affected either by the microbial levels in the final product or by color or flavor deterioration and the addition of non-meat ingredients may influence different aspects of shelf-life. The major ingredients used in enhanced pork are water, sodium phosphates, salt, sodium lactate, potassium lactate, sodium diacetate and varying flavoring agents of which lemon juice has been singled out for use in some products. What do these non-meat ingredients do for or in the final product? A summary of each ingredient’s functionality is presented below. However, when some ingredients are used together, the combined effects may provide greater positive or negative effects for different quality attributes. These effects are discussed in the paper, but are not identified below.
Electron Impact Ionization in EGSnrc

An accurate knowledge of the x-ray spectra from an x-ray tube enables system designers to predict patient dose accurately and develop better hardware and software systems to reduce patient dose. Also many radiological physics problems that can be solved by Monte Carlo simulation methods require an x-ray spectrum as input data. For these reasons it is important to assess the reliability of different cross sections implemented in EGSnrc. The Monte Carlo calculations of x-ray spectra generated by 5-25 keV and 90-120 keV electron impact on thick targets of tungsten, molybdenum and titanium are done using the general-purpose EGSnrc BEAMnrc code with two different Electron Impact Ionization cross sections, one developed and implemented by Kawrakow and another developed by Salvat and referred to as the Penelope cross section. The resulting spectra are compared with the corresponding experimentally measured x-ray spectra by Tian et. al and PTB. The MC calculated low energy characteristic x-ray peaks generated using the Penelope cross section option and experimental ones are close to each other but still not satisfactory, whereas Kawrakow’s cross section underestimates them. To assess the contribution from characteristic peaks, air kerma (kerma is a sum of initial kinetic energy of all ionizing particles liberated by uncharged ionising particles in a material of mass dm, and stands for kinetic energy released per unit mass) is calculated for each x-ray spectrum with and without the characteristic peaks. The contribution from high energy peaks is very small as expected, since the total fluence in these peaks is small compared to the fluence of bremsstrahlung photons. From the results it is clear that more theoretical research on EII cross sections is required to predict characteristic lines accurately.
TN-04 April 2013 The Gravity Model in International Trade Version 2

Since Jan Tinbergen’s original formulation (Tinbergen 1962), gravity has long been one of the most successful empirical models in economics. Incorporating the theoretical foundations of gravity into recent practice has led to a richer and more accurate estimation and interpretation of the spatial relations described by gravity. Recent developments are reviewed here and suggestions are made for promising future research.
A FAMILY OF VALUES FOR n-PERSON COOPERATIVE GAMES ∗

A family of solution values is derived for n–person, cooperative, transferable utility games by relaxing the Axiom of Efficiency for the Shapley value. The Shapley value is shown to always be a member of this collection. In a special case, a geometric relationship between this family and the Shapley value is presented. Also, income redistribution and the role of dummy players in cooperative games is examined.
A Novel Modulated Frequency Synthesizer for Wideband GFSK Modulation

In this paper, a novel modulated frequency synthesizer is proposed for wideband GFSK modulation. The analog baseband signal directly modulates the voltagecontrolled oscillator (VCO) in a closed phase-locked loop (PLL). To compensate the PLL’s high-pass filter response, which distorts the modulation signal, a pre-distortion filter is designed and build with the transmit filter. Simulation results show that the proposed transmitter architecture can achieve a GFSK data rate as high as 6 Mb/s with only 3.17 % FSK error.
A STUDY OF LEADERSHIP STYLES AT DELHI DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (DDA)

The paper brings out the leadership styles at Delhi Development Authority (DDA). The study reveals that the dominant style of leadership in DDA is Transactional Leadership, and the staff and managers hold significantly different view on the existence of leadership, wherein managers believe in existence of leadership whereas the staff does not feel so. The close supervision by managers is not accepted by staff and may negatively relate to their effectiveness and satisfaction. Any practice taken up by leaders of rewarding contingently may evoke negative outcomes such as lowered down motivation and very less or no cooperation in conflicting situations. Staff of DDA feels more motivated and is cooperative when there are no close checks on them.
Available Transfer Capability screening considering transient stability by Support Vector Machine

In the electricity power markets, available transfer capability (ATC) is an important index. Conventional ATC calculation takes much time because it repeats stability analysis many times. This paper proposes a neural network based technique applied to the ATC screening. Using this method no stability analysis is necessary at least in its first stage, and approximate ATC can be evaluated at high speed. Accurate ATC is expected to be obtained using the result of the proposed preliminary screening, which saves time greatly. This paper chooses so called support vector machine as the calculation tool which generalizes better than other neural networks. A numerical example is shown to demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.
BOWL ProCam による 手前と奥の投影面を用いたインタラクション The BOWL ProCam Enabling Interaction Using Nearby and Far Projection Surfaces 蔵田武志

In this paper, we present a novel wearable visual interface, which we call BOWL ProCam (BOdy-Worn Laser Projector Camera), composed of a high-definition wide-angle camera, laser projector, and self-contained sensors. We first show an evaluation result on the positioning around the human body in the context of real-world task support by means of MATLAB simulation. Next, we propose an interaction technique effectively employing both a nearby projection surface represented by the user’s hand and a far projection surface such as a desktop and wall. In addition, we introduce an implementation with a proof-of-concept system with a DLP projector.
The Effect of Corporate Reputation , Perceived CSR and Perceived Quality on Intention to Buy : Implications for Brand Management

Corporate reputation is increasingly considered as a valuable asset for business companies and has been shown to have a beneficial impact on cash flow and profits. This effect stems from the positive effect corporate reputation has on stakeholders’ behavioural intention. It has been also claimed that corporate social responsibility initiatives can become competitive advantage by affecting consumer behavioural intentions. This study is underpinned by the theory of planned behaviour and a model of the relationships is presented to test hypotheses. Data is collected from customers of Panettone, a traditional type of Italian Christmas cake. Results are presented, implications are reported, limitations are noted and directions for future research are indicated. The study shows that corporate social responsibility impacts both corporate reputation and perception of product quality which in turn also impacts behavioural intentions.
Adaptive Dynamical Systems in Compressive Domains as a Manifold Learning Framework

Adaptive dynamical systems based on finite impulse response (FIR) models constitute an important part in many signal processing applications [1]. In this contribution, we consider the case of sparse systems for increasing the convergence speed and/or reducing the computational complexity, i.e., in our scenarios only a small percentage of the system components has significant magnitude (temporal coefficients and/or spatial components (in multichannel case)). Note that this sparseness can also be emphasized by working in suitable transform domains, e.g., [2], [3]. In any case, the exact knowledge about the relevant dimensions is typically not available a priori. One well known way of taking into account the sparseness of systems is the use of certain regularization techniques (e.g., [4] and references therein). In contrast to these techniques, our aim here is to go one step further and reduce the number of adaptive coefficients by performing the adaptation in compressive domains based on insights from the field of compressed sensing (CS), e.g., [5], [6], [7], and our recent work [8]. We present a simple, yet efficient novel CS-based adaptation scheme which allows us to express the resulting adaptation algorithm for sparse dynamical systems as some kind of transform-domain adaptive filtering operating in a lower-dimensional space by means of a certain self-adapting transformation matrix. Using this formulation, we further show how the adaptive filtering in compressive domains can be expressed as a specific case of a very general, previously introduced framework for adaptive filtering on manifolds. This novel relation between CS and manifold learning has a number of significant practical benefits. Besides a new illustrative interpretation, it immediately shows us how to obtain novel practical algorithms in compressive domains for essentially all possible classes of adaptive filtering problems for supervised as well as for blind and semi-blind adaptation.
Spatial Information Enrichment using NLP-based Classification of Space Objects for School Bldgs. in Korea

– This paper presents an approach to classifying spatial categories of space objects using their textual properties in IFC data. As a standardized data format of building information, IFC enhances the data interoperability between the heterogeneous domain software. However, there are some problems that required information is omitted due to the technical translation error or mistake by users. The other problem is that some semantic information cannot be defined in the IFC data scheme. Manually checking and modifying this information requires an amount of time and labor. The intelligent information enrichment system can facilitate the application of BIM. In this regards, this research tried to address the interoperability problems with a machine learning-based method by automatically enhancing the semantic information of the BIM model. In this paper, we focused on the semantic enrichment of space objects by using textual data in the IFC. We implemented the NLP-based classification training model, which employs the word embedding techniques. As an early phase of research, this paper conducted training experiments with variable input properties, name and area of space, from space object in Korea school buildings. The accuracy of the classification model with a single feature (name) is measured at 85.9%, which is higher than multi feature (name and area). The suggested model can be expanded to more variable properties and target objects as a part of the semantic enrichment system.
Suicide risk assessment: myth and reality

To be, or not to be, that is the question - Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end them? To die, to sleep; … Hamlet, III i Hamlet's soliloquy is surely the most famous expression of suicidal ideation in English literature. However, by the end of the play, it is not Hamlet, but Ophelia who has taken her own life, even though she gave no prior hint of self-destruction.
EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP OF USER ’ S EMOTIONS AND IMMERSIVE EXPERIENCE IN A VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENT OF LOCAL CULTURE

Local culture and history is presented through an interactive virtual environment helps the user to understand the local culture and to connect with a user’s imagination and memory. User can learn about the local culture through HumanComputer Interaction that could produce a deep immersive experience based on the user’s subjective feelings. It makes a pluralism and continuous effectively transfer and for local culture. In this study, we reconstructed the local cultural characteristics of a region in a virtual environment. Questionnaire survey as a research method, the Partial Least Square (PLS) path coefficient is used to analysis questionnaire. The interactive immersive experience of 34 tourists’ was analyzed after using the virtual environment system. The result showed that the achievement emotions and challenge emotions were very high and had a significant impact on immersive experience, inducing all users to experience excitement, anticipation, pleasure and satisfaction after using the virtual environment. This study would serve as an interactive guide to design a local cultural virtual environment system for future reference.
A stable but reversible integrated surrogate reporter for assaying CRISPR/Cas9-stimulated homology-directed repair

The discovery and application of CRISPR/Cas9 technology for genome editing has greatly accelerated targeted mutagenesis in a variety of organisms. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated site-specific cleavage is typically exploited for the generation of insertions or deletions (indels) after aberrant dsDNA repair via the endogenous non-homology end-joining (NHEJ) pathway or, alternatively, for enhancing homology-directed repair to facilitate the generation of a specific mutation (or “knock-in”). However, there is a need for efficient cellular assays that can measure Cas9/guide RNA activity. Reliable methods for enriching and identifying desired mutants are also lacking. Here we describe a method using the Piggybac transposon for stable genomic integration of an H2B-GFP reporter or a hygromycin resistance gene for assaying Cas9 target cleavage and homology-directed repair. The H2B-GFP fusion protein provides increased stability and an obvious pattern of nuclear localization. This method, called SRIRACCHA (i.e. a stable, but reversible, integrated reporter for assaying CRISPR/Cas-stimulated HDR activity), enables the enrichment of mutants via selection of GFP-positive or hygromycin-resistant mammalian cells (immortalized or non-immortalized) as a surrogate for the modification of the endogenous target site. Currently available hyperactive Piggybac transposase mutants allow both delivery and removal of the surrogate reporters, with minimal risk of generating undesirable mutations. This assay permits rapid screening for efficient guide RNAs and the accelerated identification of mutant clones and is applicable to many cell types. We foresee the utility of this approach in contexts in which the maintenance of genomic integrity is essential, for example, when engineering cells for therapeutic purposes.
VALIDATION AGAINST NGA EMPIRICAL MODEL OF SIMULATED MOTIONS FOR M 7 . 8 RUPTURE OF SAN ANDREAS FAULT

As part of a loss-estimation and emergency response planning exercise for a major earthquake on the San Andreas fault east of Los Angeles (ShakeOut), ground motions were simulated for a specific Mw 7.8 scenario rupture. The simulation uses a hybrid procedure in which short period components of shaking are computed semi-stochastically and long period components are computed through a deterministic calculation. The simulation considers both heterogeneous fault rupture and wave propagation through the crust and the sedimentary basins in and around Los Angeles. We compare these simulated motions to predictions of empirical ground motion prediction equations developed through the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) project. We find that high frequency components of the simulated ground motion attenuate more rapidly with distance than the empirical model, whereas long-period components are roughly similar. The average residuals of the simulated event (i.e., event terms), which are expressed in natural log units, range from approximately -0.6 at short periods (near PGA) to approximately 0.8 at long periods (approximately 24 sec). Those values of event terms are generally within the scatter of event terms from actual earthquakes used in the development of the NGA equations.
Dissociation of gesture and object recognition

Studies of the visual in monkeys have suggested the existence of two predominantly visual pathways.1 The ventral stream or"what" system runs from the primary and secondary visual association areas to the temporal lobes and is associated with the perception of objects. The dorsal stream or "where" system runs from the primary and secondary visual association areas toward multi-modal association areas in the parietal lobes and is critical for determining the spatial location of objects. Clinical studies in humans support this functional and anatomic dichotomy. Although patients with bilateral ventral occipital temporal lesions cannot recognize objects and familiar faces, they can correctly find the spatial location of these same items. In contrast, patients with dorsal occipital parietal lesions may be unable to accurately point to a seen item (optic ataxia) but may be able to recognize these same objects and familiar faces. These prior monkey and human studies did not examine which of these visual streams is used for understanding seen gestures. Because it has been posited that gesture representations are stored in the human parietal lobe,2 we suspected that gesture comprehension may use the dorsal visual stream. Recently, we tested this hypothesis by studying a patient with a cerebral infarct in bilateral ventral mesial occipital-temporal regions (figure). He could recognize visually presented gestures but not visually presented objects. Figure. Magnetic resonance imaging shows an acute infarct in the ventral mesial occipital-temporal regions damaging areas 17 and 18 bilaterally (right greater than the left), involving the white matter beneath area 19 on the right and sparing the splenium. There was also a right cerebellar infarct in the territory of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery. Methods and results. The patient, W.A. , was a 70-year-old college professor who had visual difficulty and cerebellar signs including ataxia and dysarthria. W.A. reported that …
Designing with Immigrants: When emotions run high

Immigration gives rise to global and local changes that challenge social norms and affect our lives. While the phenomenon of immigration has begun to attract the attention of design researchers, the actual input of immigrants on setting the design agenda is marginal. By involving immigrants in design processes, we emphasise designers’ responsibility for social inclusion. In this context, the research question that we aim address here is how to engage immigrants in participatory design research. To answer this question, we present a comparative study of two research approaches we applied in Helsinki (Finland) while collaborating with immigrants on two design projects. Pursuant to this study, it is our view that design researchers working with immigrants must take into account the question of emotional involvement. As design researchers, we often tackle issues of social responsibility, too often ineffectively; with the necessary support, the contribution of design researchers could be more socially relevant.