Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The PEL1 Gene (Renamed PGS1) Encodes the Phosphatidylglycero-phosphate Synthase ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae *

Phosphatidylglycerophosphate (PG-P) synthase catalyzes the synthesis of PG-P from CDP-diacylglycerol andsn-glycerol 3-phosphate and functions as the committed and rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of cardiolipin (CL). In eukaryotic cells, CL is found predominantly in the inner mitochondrial membrane and is generally thought to be an essential component of many mitochondrial functions. We have determined that the PEL1gene (now renamed PGS1), previously proposed to encode a second phosphatidylserine synthase of yeast (Janitor, M., Jarosch, E., Schweyen, R. J., and Subik, J. (1995) Yeast 13, 1223–1231), in fact encodes a PG-P synthase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Overexpression of the PGS1 gene product under the inducible GAL1 promoter resulted in a 14-fold increase in in vitro PG-P synthase activity. Disruption of the PGS1 gene in a haploid strain of yeast did not lead to a loss of viability but did result in a dependence on a fermentable carbon source for growth, a temperature sensitivity for growth, and a petite lethal phenotype. The pgs1 null mutant exhibited no detectable in vitro PG-P synthase activity and no detectable CL or phosphatidylglycerol (PG); significant CL synthase activity was still present. The growth arrest phenotype and lack of PG-P synthase activity of a pgsA null allele ofEscherichia coli was corrected by an N-terminal truncated derivative of the yeast PG-P synthase. These results unequivocally demonstrate that the PGS1 gene encodes the major PG-P synthase of yeast and that neither PG nor CL are absolutely essential for cell viability but may be important for normal mitochondrial function.
Temporal epilepsies with deep-seated epileptogenic foci. Postoperative course.

To classify the epilepsies into 2 great pathogenetical groups, notably symptomatic and cryptogenetic (genuine, idiopathic) epilepsies, had been indispensable in clinical practice until it was made possible by the eletroencephalogram to obtain a picture of the events taking place in the skull without gross- or microanatomical studies. Thus, Penfield and Jasper 1 suggested a "working classification" that may be used by the clinician before opening the skull. Instead of the pathogenesis, the authors have relied upon localization, stating that "it is important from therapeutic point of view to decide whether patients have attacks that arise (1) in the cerebral cortex, or (2) in a subcortical (centrencephalic) region. " Penfield and Jasper 1 mention also a third group, that of "unlocalized" epilepsies. This classification has, in fact, proved to be highly useful in clinical practice, and we, too, rely upon it in this paper. However, as to clinical encephalographic terminology, we feel
Closed-form direction finding and polarization estimation with arbitrarily spaced electromagnetic vector-sensors at unknown locations

This paper introduces a new closed-form ESPRIT-based algorithm for multisource direction finding and polarization estimation with arbitrarily spaced electromagnetic vector-sensors whose three-dimensional (3-D) locations need not be known. The vector-sensor, already commercially available, consists of six colocated but diversely polarized antennas separately measuring all six electromagnetic-field components of an incident wavefield. ESPRIT exploits the nonspatial interrelations among the six unknown electromagnetic-field components of each source and produces from the measured data a set of eigenvalues, from which the source's electromagnetic-field vector may be estimated to within a complex scalar. Application of a vector cross-product operation to this ambiguous electromagnetic-field vector estimate produces an unambiguous estimate of that source's normalized Poynting vector, which contains as its components the source's Cartesian direction cosines. Monte Carlo simulation results verify the efficacy and versatility of this innovative scheme. This novel method maybe considered as a simplification and a refinement over Li's (1993) work.
Flow Cytometry of Murine Spermatocytes

Protocols for purification of murine male germ cells by FACS based on Hoechst 33342 (Ho342) dye staining have been reported and optimized. However, the protocols are often challenging to follow, partly due to difficulties related to sample preparation, instrument parameters, data display, and selection strategies. In addition, troubleshooting of flow cytometry experiments usually requires some fluency in technical principles and instrument specifications and settings. This unit describes setup and procedures for analysis and sorting of male meiotic prophase I (MPI) cells and other germ cells. Included are procedures that guide data acquisition, display, gating, and back‐gating critical for optimal data visualization and cell sorting. Additionally, a flow cytometry analysis of spermatogenesis‐defective testis is provided to illustrate the applicability of the technique to the characterization and purification of cells from mutant testis. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Mitochondrial DNA control region polymorphisms: genetic markers for ecological studies of marine turtles

We describe a rapid and sensitive method for the detection of population‐specific genetic markers in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the use of such markers to analyse population structure of marine turtles. A series of oligonucleotide primers specific for the amplification of the mtDNA control region in Cheloniid turtles were designed from preliminary sequence data. Using two of these primers, a 384–385‐bp sequence was amplified from the 5′ portion of the mtDNA control region of 15 green turtles Chelonia mydas from 12 different Indo‐Pacific rookeries. Fourteen of the 15 individuals, including some with identical whole‐genome restriction fragment patterns, had sequences that differed by one or more base substitutions. Analysis of sequence variation among individuals identified a total of 41 nucleotide substitutions and a 1‐bp insertion/deletion. Comparison with evidence from whole‐genome restriction enzyme analysis of the same individuals indicated that this portion of the control region is evolving approximately eight times faster than the average rate and that the sequence analysis detected approximately one fifth of the total variation present in the genome. Restriction enzyme analysis of amplified products from an additional 256 individuals revealed significant geographic structuring in the distribution of mtDNA genotypes among five of the 10 rookeries surveyed extensively. Additional geographic structuring of genotypes was identified through denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of amplified products. Only two of the 10 rookeries surveyed could not be differentiated, indicating that the Indo‐Pacific C. mydas include a number of genetically differentiated populations, with minimal female‐mediated gene flow among them. Important applications for genetic markers in the conservation and management of marine turtles include the identification of appropriate demographic units for research and management (i.e. genetically discrete populations) and assessment of the composition of feeding and harvested populations.
Prolongation of the QT Interval and Post-Extrasystolic Augmentation of the TU-Wave During Emotional Stress

We present a case of a 25-year-old woman with multiple blackouts and no structural heart disease, with abnormal T-U waves and borderline QT interval on her resting electrocardiogram. During emotional stress she developed frequent monomorphic ventricular premature beats, with characteristic changes of the sinus complexes immediately following the premature beats, namely augmentation and greater degree of merging of the T and U waves and QTc interval prolongation. The changes alert about the possibility of congenital long QT syndrome, specifically genotype 2 or 1.
The Effect of Emotional Conflict on Attention Allocation: An Event-Related Potential Study

Attention allocation research frequently focuses on the valence of emotion. However, there is increasing evidence to indicate that arousal may be more relevant at some stages of affective processing. The present study employed a combined priming and cue-target paradigm and examined event-related potentials (ERPs) in order to explore the effects of emotional conflict of arousal on attention allocation. The background context of arousal was manipulated (using photos of facial expressions) while subjects performed a cognitive task in which a central arrow cue indicated the location of a peripheric target square, and a response was made according to the direction of the square. There was no main effect between incongruent emotion and congruent emotion in the response time, which means the resolution of the emotional conflict facilitate the participant behavioral response. There was a main effect of different emotional states on ERP component. In the present study, incongruent arousal also triggered greater positive potential compared with congruent arousal.
Tone Language Type Change in Africa and Asia: !XŨ, Gokana, and MPI*

SUMMARYTone languages can be characterized by the degree to which they realize one of two tone language prototypes defined in terms of tone function. Type A tone languages (usually Asian) employ tone lexically and in minor morphological patterns. Type B tone languages (usually African and Mesoamerican) employ tone to make major morphological distinctions in addition to performing type A functions. For communicative reasons, these functions are necessarily linked to other structural properties of the languages of each type. This paper discusses three tone languages which have undergone different degrees of tone language type change and, as a result, are genetically or areally atypical: ! Xũ (Khoisan), Gokana (Niger-Congo), and Mpi (Tibeto-Burman). It is the claim of the author that the driving force behind tone language type change, as exemplified by these three languages, is a change in the role of segmental morphology.RESUMEOn peut caracteriser les langues tonales par le degre par lequel elles realisent un des deux prototypes de langues tonales definis en terme de fonction tonale. Les langues tonales de type A (generalement asiatiques) emploient le ton pour des fonctions lexicales et des fonctions morphologiques mineures. Outre les fonctions de type A, les langues tonales de type B (generalement africaines et mesoamericaines) emploient le ton pour des fonctions morphologiques majeures. La communication ayant ses exigences, ces fonctions sont inevitablement liees aux autres proprietes structurales de chaque type. Dans cette etude il s'agit de trois langues tonales qui ont subi differents degres de changement de type tonal et qui sont, par consequent, atypiques du point de vue genetique et regional: ! Xũ (Khoisan), Gokana (Niger-Congo), et Mpi (Tibeto-Birman). Se fondant sur ces trois langues, l'auteur emet l'hypothese que la causalite de l'evolution du ton se trouve dans un changement du role de la morphologie segmentate.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGTonsprachen konnen nach dem Grade, nach dem sie einem der beiden Pro-totypen folgen, charakterisiert werden, und zwar im Sinne ihrer Funktion: Typ A Tonsprachen (meistens asiatische) verwenden Ton lexikalisch und in we-niger wichtigen morphologischen Strukturen; Typ B Tonsprachen (zumeist afrikanische und mittelamerikanische) hingegen verwenden Ton, um wichtige morphologische Unterscheidungen zu treffen, wâhrend sie gleichzeitig auch Funktionen des Typ A wahrnehmen. Aus kommunikativen Griinden sind die Funktionen notwendigerweise mit anderen Struktureigenschaften der Sprachen des jeweiligen Typs verbunden. Der Aufsatz analysiert drei Tonsprachen, die zu verschiedenen Graden Anderungen in ihrem Tonsystemtyp erfahren haben und daher als entweder genetisch oder areal gesehen atypisch sind: ! Xu (Khoi-san), Gokana (Niger-Kongo) und Mpi (Tibeto-Burmesisch). Die Autorin ist der Auffassung, daB die treibende Kraft hinter diesem Tonsprachentypwandel, wie er in diesen drei Sprachen aufgezeigt wird, in der Verânderung in der Rolle der segmentalen Morphologie in diesen Sprachen zu suchen sei.
Decreasing lab turnaround time improves emergency department throughput and decreases emergency medical services diversion: a simulation model.

BACKGROUND The effect of decreasing lab turnaround times on emergency department (ED) efficiency can be estimated through system-level simulation models and help identify important outcome measures to study prospectively. Furthermore, such models may suggest the advantage of bedside or point-of-care testing and how they might affect efficiency measures. OBJECTIVES The authors used a sophisticated simulation model in place at an adult urban ED with an annual census of 55,000 patient visits. The effect of decreasing turnaround times on emergency medical services (EMS) diversion, ED patient throughput, and total ED length of stay (LOS) was determined. METHODS Data were generated by using system dynamics analytic modeling and simulation approach on 90 separate days from December 2, 2007, through February 29, 2008. The model was a continuous simulation of ED flow, driven by real-time actual patient data, and had intrinsic error checking to assume reasonable goodness-of-fit. A return of complete laboratory results incrementally at 120, 100, 80, 60, 40, 20, and 10 minutes was compared. Diversion calculation assumed EMS closure when more than 10 patients were in the waiting room and 100% ED bed occupancy had been reached for longer than 30 minutes, as per local practice. LOS was generated from data insertion into the patient flow stream and calculation of time to specific predefined gates. The average accuracy of four separate measurement channels (waiting room volume, ED census, inpatient admit stream, and ED discharge stream), all across 24 hours, was measured by comparing the area under the simulated curve against the area under the measured curve. Each channel's accuracy was summed and averaged for an overall accuracy rating. RESULTS As lab turnaround time decreased from 120 to 10 minutes, the total number of diversion days (maximum 57 at 120 minutes, minimum 29 at 10 minutes), average diversion hours per day (10.8 hours vs. 6.0 hours), percentage of days with diversion (63% vs. 32%), and average ED LOS (2.77 hours vs. 2.17 hours) incrementally decreased, while average daily throughput (104 patients vs. 120 patients) increased. All runs were at least 85% accurate. CONCLUSIONS This simulation model suggests compelling improvement in ED efficiency with decreasing lab turnaround time. Outcomes such as time on EMS diversion, ED LOS, and ED throughput represent important but understudied areas that should be evaluated prospectively. EDs should consider processes that will improve turnaround time, such as point-of-care testing, to obtain these goals.
Poliovirus Crystals within the Endoplasmic Reticulum of Endothelial and Mononuclear Cells in the Monkey Spinal Cord

The lumbar motor columns of a cynomolgus monkey that had become tetraplegic after experimental infection with a highly virulent strain of type 3 poliovirus were examined by electron microscopy. Crystalline aggregates of poliovirus occurred within the endoplasmic reticulum of endothelial cells as well as of mononuclear inflammatory cells. This finding suggests that the endoplasmic reticulum might be much more involved in poliovirus multiplication than has been previously supposed.
Image Edge Detection Based on Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm

Ant colony optimization ACO is a new heuristic algorithm which has been proven a successful technique. The article applies the ACO to the image edge detection, get edge image edge according to different neighborhood access policy through MATLAB simulation, and use the best neighborhood strategy to get detection. Compared with the traditional edge detection methods, the algorithm can effectively suppress the noise interference, retain most of the effective information of the image.
Design and Evaluation of Useful Bacterium-Specific PCR Primers That Amplify Genes Coding for Bacterial 16S rRNA

We report the design and evaluation of PCR primers 63f and 1387r for amplification of 16S rRNA genes from bacteria. Their specificity and efficacy were tested systematically with a bacterial species and environmental samples. They were found to be more useful for 16S rRNA gene amplification in ecological and systematic studies than PCR amplimers that are currently more generally used.
Dualisms of Time

What is the nature of time in music? This paper considers a number of dualisms in the way we conceive of and describe time, and how these dualisms function in the relationship between music analysis and music perception. Using the opening of the second movement from Webern's Symphony as a case study, McTaggart's tensed/un-tensed distinction will be considered, as will the static/dynamic conceptions of Newtonian/Einsteinian time. Various analytical methods will be placed relative to these dualisms.
Antenatal Bartter syndrome with sensorineural deafness: refinement of the locus on chromosome 1p31.

BACKGROUND Recently a locus for antenatal Bartter syndrome associated with sensorineural deafness was mapped to human chromosome 1p31 in a single consanguineous Bedouin family (Brennan et al. Am J Hum Genet 1998; 62: 355-361). METHODS By haplotype analysis we demonstrate linkage to this locus in nine consanguineous families with antenatal Bartter syndrome associated with sensorineural deafness. RESULTS The critical interval compatible with linkage was refined to 4.0 cM by two novel recombinational events with markers D1S2661 and D1S475. CONCLUSION We thereby confirmed this gene locus and distinguished this clinical subtype from other variants of Bartter syndrome as a new disease entity.
Fixation for the millennium: the hip.

In primary total hip arthroplasty, the choice for acetabular component fixation is relatively simple. For most surgeons now in practice, cementing acetabular components is a relatively little practiced skill. That is not to say that good results cannot be achieved routinely and that there is anything wrong with this approach. Cementless fixation of the acetabulum also is reliable. For revisions, cementless fixation has become the standard method for most surgeons. Fixation of the femoral component is more controversial. Contemporary cemented stems employ a wide variety of design features and surface finishes. Cementless fixation has been shown to be effective in many settings. Revision components are largely cementless and extensively coated, although there is good evidence that roughened surface, tapered components can be effective in the revision setting and that stem modularity may allow for greater intraoperative adaptability.
Sistemas ópticos incoherentes para la generación de señales arbitrarias basados en filtros fotónicos de microondas

Las senales arbitrarias de microondas son ampliamente utilizadas en distintos campos de aplicacon como radar, comunicaciones, captura de imagenes e instrumentacion moderna. La limitacion de los sistemas electricos para la generacion de formas de onda a frecuencias elevadas y con grandes anchos de banda ha hecho que a lo largo de la ultima decada se realicen numerosas propuestas de generacion en el dominio optico. Tras una revision de todas las propuestas, se ha podido realizar una clasificacion en funcion de las tecnicas de generacion mas relevantes. El principal objetivo de esta tesis doctoral consiste en la propuesta, analisis y validacion experimental de una tecnica que permite la generacion de senales de microondas haciendo uso de estructuras de filtrado fotonico. En concreto, los filtros utilizados en este trabajo se fundamentan en el procesado de senales opticas incoherentes mediante un elemento dispersivo. A traves del desarrollo teorico, se ha obtenido la funcion de transferencia del filtro fotonico equivalente que permite calcular la senal generada a partir de la densidad espectral de potencia de la fuente optica, la dispersion y la senal electrica de entrada. De este modo, ha sido posible extender algunas de las ventajas del filtrado fotonico a la generacion de formas de onda. Asi mismo, para la tecnica propuesta se distinguen dos regimines de operacion, no lineal y lineal, segun sea necesario o no considerar la dispersion de segundo orden del elemento dispersivo. En el regimen lineal, se presentan varias estructruas que utilizan distintos tipos de senal optica como un conjunto de laseres y una fuente ancha ranurada empleando diferentes tipos de filtrado optico. Ademas, tambien se presenta una estructura adicional incorporando deteccion defierencial a traves de un interferometro. Con el fin de mostrar las distintas capacidades de estas propuestas se ha demostrado la generacion de senales correspondientes a la tecnologia UWB de impulsos de radio y multib
A theory of nonsubtractive dither

A detailed mathematical investigation of multibit quantizing systems using nonsubtractive dither is presented. It is shown that by the use of dither having a suitably chosen probability density function, moments of the total error can be made independent of the system input signal but that statistical independence of the error and the input signals is not achievable. Similarly, it is demonstrated that values of the total error signal cannot generally be rendered statistically independent of one another but that their joint moments can be controlled and that, in particular, the error sequence can be rendered spectrally white. The properties of some practical dither signals are explored, and recommendations are made for dithering in audio, video, and measurement applications. The paper collects all of the important results on the subject of nonsubtractive dithering and introduces important new ones with the goal of alleviating persistent and widespread misunderstandings regarding the technique.
A Novel Structure of Dual-Stator Hybrid Excitation Synchronous Motor

A novel dual-stator hybrid excitation synchronous motor (DSHESM) is proposed in this paper, which combines the advantages of both permanent-magnet (PM) and synchronous motors. The key is to locate the field control windings on the inner stator, and good field-weakening operation is realized. The novel structure can successfully extend the constant power speed range of the conventional surface PM motor. In this paper, the operation principle is illuminated, and time-stepping finite-element method is used to analyze the transient and steady performance of the novel DSHESM, and the simulation results verify the excellent field regulation capability of the novel structure.
Water Tree Growth in Polyethylene under DC Voltage Stress

Water trees have been experimentally grown in high molecular weight, low density polyethylene when subjected to a constant dc stress. Two major types of trees have been observed; bushy trees (one-half of a bow tie) emanating outward from microvoids and larger water channels penciling inward from the perimeter or outward from the center conductor. The coaxial dielectric was subjected to an average stress of 22 kV/mm in 70°C sea water to yield a growth rate for the bushes of 0.04 im/hr. Careful microscopic observation has shown a correlation between the electrical stress, the size of the microvoids, and the length of the bush. The water channels grow inward from the perimeter when the center electrode is negative at the rate of 0.2 ¿m/hr. When the center electrode is positive however} the water trees initiate growth but reach saturation in a short time.