Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Intestinal secretory and absorptive function in Trichinella spiralis mouse model of postinfective gut dysfunction: role of bile acids

Objective: Observations showing that bile acid malabsorption is frequent in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) suggest that alterations in bile acid-induced secretion and absorption could contribute to IBS-associated diarrhoea. The secretory response to bile acids, fluid transport and bile absorption was examined in intestinal tissues from a Trichinella spiralis mouse model of postinfectious gut dysfunction in vitro. Changes in the protein expression of apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) were also measured. Design: T. spiralis-infected mice were killed at 18 and 25 days postinfection. Jejunal, ileal, proximal and distal colon segments were exposed to taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) or cholic acid. Short circuit current (SCC) increases were determined. Tritiated taurocholic acid (3H-TCA) absorption was determined in everted jejunal and ileal sacs. ASBT protein expression was determined by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Results: Basal SCC increased in ileum and distal colon at 18 and 25 days postinfection, respectively. Ileal SCC responses to TDCA and cholic acid were enhanced at 18 days postinfection. Distal colon SCC response to TDCA was raised at 18 days postinfection but was significantly reduced by 25 days. Ileal 3H-TCA uptake was significantly reduced at 18 and 25 days postinfection. Surprisingly, increased ASBT expression was observed in infected animals. Conclusions: In a T. spiralis model of postinfectious gut dysfunction, decreased bile absorption and enhanced secretion in response to bile acids was observed. Decreased absorption was not, however, caused by decreased ASBT as increased expression was observed. If similar events occur postinfection, the combined effects of these disturbances may contribute to some symptoms observed in postinfectious IBS patients.
A Continuous-Time Delta-Sigma Modulator Using ELD-Compensation-Embedded SAB and DWA-Inherent Time-Domain Quantizer

This paper presents an energy-efficient third-order 3 bit continuous-time delta-sigma modulator (CTDSM). In this work, several architectural and circuit techniques are adopted to facilitate a low-power modulator. In the loop filter design, a single-amplifier biquad (SAB) topology is incorporated to realize the desired transfer function. With the SAB architecture, only two amplifiers are needed for implementing a third-order CTDSM. Furthermore, in the proposed SAB, the excess-loop-delay (ELD) compensation is implemented without using an extra summing circuit. For the 3 bit quantizer, a time-domain quantizer is proposed, where the data-weighted-averaging function is embedded in this quantizer to mitigate the nonlinearity issue due to the mismatch of digital-to-analog converter (DAC) unit cells. Fabricated in a 90 nm CMOS technology and clocked at 300 MHz sampling frequency, the proposed SAB-based modulator achieves a 67.2 dB SNDR and a 69.3 dB SNR in an 8.5 MHz signal bandwidth. The overall CTDSM dissipates 4.3 mW and achieves a figure-of-merit of 135 fJ/conversion-step.
Taking the Lead: When Non-Banks Arrange Syndicated Loans

In the mid-1990s, institutional investors entered the syndicated loan market and started to serve borrowers as lead arrangers. Why are non-banks able to compete for this role against banks? How do the composition of syndicates and loan pricing differ among lead arrangers? By using a dataset of 12,847 leveraged loans between 1997 and 2012, I aim to answer these questions. Non-banks benefit from looser regulatory requirements, have industry expertise which helps them in the screening and monitoring of borrowers and focus on firms that ask for loans only instead of additional cross-selling of other services. I can show that non-banks specialize on more opaque and less experienced borrowers, are more likely than banks to choose participants that help to reduce potentially higher information asymmetries and earn 105 basis points more than banks.
LTE indoor MIMO performances field measurements

Long-term evolution (LTE) and multiple input multiple output (MIMO) have earned reputations to be a cutting-edge technology, which can boost significantly wireless communication performances. The paper aims at providing LTE MIMO performances in indoor environments and, therefore, guidelines for network operators can be proposed. Medium access control throughput (MAC TP) and some system parameters in LTE network that are linked with MAC TP, such as Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS), Ranking Indicator (RI), Pre-coding Matrix Indicator (PMI), as well as MIMO utilization, are analysed. Effects of indoor propagation, Line of Sight (LoS), No-line of Sight (NLoS), strong and weak signal levels on Signal to Noise Radio (SNR) strength and MIMO utilization are clarified. In this paper, the performances of MIMO transmission mode over transmit diversity (TxDiv, Multiple Input-Single OutputMISO) and single antenna (Single Input Multiple Output-SIMO) modes are also analyzed and compared at overall manner and at channel-specific manners.
An Internet adoption framework for marketing by small business enterprises in developing countries

This study proposes an Internet adoption framework for marketing in small business enterprises, particularly in developing countries. The proposed framework could be incorporated as part of the business strategies for small business enterprises to assist owner/managers plan for exploiting the Internet more systematically. The main indicators in the framework are e-readiness, aims and strategies (which lead to the Internet marketing approach by small business enterprises), marketing strategies, the Internet marketing approach, and, finally, an evaluation of the Internet marketing performance.
RORgamma-expressing Th17 cells induce murine chronic intestinal inflammation via redundant effects of IL-17A and IL-17F.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS IL-17-producing CD4(+) T-helper cells (Th17) contribute to chronic autoimmune inflammation in the brain, and levels of Th17-derived cytokines increase in patients with colitis, suggesting a role in pathogenesis. We analyzed the roles of Th17 cells and the transcription factor retinoic acid receptor-related organ receptor (ROR)gamma, which regulates Th17 differentiation, in chronic intestinal inflammation. METHODS Using an adoptive transfer model of colitis, we compared the colitogenic potential of wild-type, interleukin-17A (IL-17A)-, IL-17F-, IL-22-, and RORgamma-deficient CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells in RAG1-null mice. RESULTS Adoptive transfer of IL-17A-, IL-17F-, or IL-22-deficient T lymphocytes into RAG1-null mice caused severe colitis that was indistinguishable from that caused by wild-type cells. In contrast, transfer of RORgamma-null T cells failed to increase mucosal IL-17 cytokine levels and did not induce colitis. Treatment with IL-17A was able to restore colitis after transfer of RORgamma-null T cells, indicating a crucial role for Th17 cells in pathogenesis. Treatment of RAG1 mice that received IL-17F-null (but not wild-type) T cells with a neutralizing anti-IL-17A antibody significantly suppressed disease, indicating redundant biological effects of IL-17A and IL-17F. CONCLUSIONS We have identified a crucial role of RORgamma-expressing Th17 cells in chronic intestinal inflammation. RORgamma controls IL-17A and IL-17F production, and these cytokines have a redundant but highly pathogenic role in gut inflammation. Reagents that target RORgamma or a combination of anti-IL-17A and anti-IL-17F might be developed as therapeutics for chronic colitis.
Evidence that inositol 1-phosphate in brain of lithium-treated rats results mainly from phosphatidylinositol metabolism.

In cerebral cortex of rats treated with increasing doses of LiCl, the relative concentrations of Ins(1)P, Ins(4)P and Ins(5)P (when InsP is a myo-inositol phosphate) are approx. 10:1:0.2 at all doses. In rats treated with LiCl followed by increasing doses of pilocarpine a similar relationship occurs. myo-Inositol-1-phosphatase (InsP1ase) from bovine brain hydrolyses Ins(1)P, Ins(4)P and Ins(5)P at comparable rates, and these substrates have similar Km values. The hydrolysis of Ins(4)P is inhibited by Li+ to a greater degree than is hydrolysis of Ins(1)P and Ins(5)P. D-Ins(1,4,5)P3 and D-Ins(1,4)P2 are neither substrates nor inhibitors of InsP1ase. A dialysed high-speed supernatant of rat brain showed a greater rate of hydrolysis of Ins(1)P than of D-Ins(1,4)P2 and a lower sensitivity of the bisphosphate hydrolysis to LiCl, as compared with the monophosphate. That enzyme preparation produced Ins(4)P at a greater rate than Ins(1)P when D-Ins(1,4)P2 was the substrate. The amount of D-Ins(3)P [i.e. L-Ins(1)P, possibly from D-Ins(1,3,4)P3] is only 11% of that of D-Ins(1)P on stimulation with pilocarpine in the presence of Li+. DL-Ins(1,4)P2 was hydrolysed by InsP1ase to the extent of about 50%; both Ins(4)P and Ins(1)P are products, the former being produced more rapidly than the latter; apparently L-Ins(1,4)P2 is a substrate for InsP1ase. Li+, but not Ins(2)P, inhibited the hydrolysis of L-Ins(1,4)P2. The following were neither substrates nor inhibitors of InsP1ase; Ins(1,6)P2, Ins(1,2)P2, Ins(1,2,5,6)P4, Ins(1,2,4,5,6)P5, Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 and phytic acid. myo-Inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate was neither substrate nor inhibitor of InsP1ase. We conclude that the 10-fold greater tissue contents of Ins(1)P relative to Ins(4)P in both stimulated and non-stimulated rat brain in vivo are the consequence of a much larger amount of PtdIns metabolism than polyphosphoinositide metabolism under these conditions.
Economic Development Strategy in Regional Local Government

The initial foray into the subject of strategy quickly revealed that strategy per se is a very complex and ambiguous topic with little consensus among the experts. Yet a very clear understanding of ‘strategy’ is essential before it can be applied in context to regional local government. It is the author’s view that many of the ‘strategies’ published as local government policy are not based on strategic thinking but rather ‘extrapolation of historical data’ – the strategic planners themselves have acknowledged this fact. This paper reviews various theories and aspects of ‘strategy’ for the purpose of clarifying the concept and placing it in context of local government strategy development. Background to Research Topic Strategy makes fundamental decisions about the future directions of organisations, and has the potential to have a real impact on people's lives let alone the very survival of the entity itself. This is serious business, but it is a complex subject that involves many different aspects of organisations, all of which may be important. This makes it difficult to evaluate and analyse. And it is a subject that lacks a widely agreed body of accepted knowledge as shown by the ‘literature review’ on strategy. After eight years in ‘Economic development’ at both an international and local government level, it is the researcher’s perception is that many of the ‘strategies’ published as Council policy in Australian regional local governments are not based on strategic thinking but rather ‘extrapolation of historical data’ – the strategic planners themselves have acknowledged this fact. This approach ignores the fact that the real drivers of growth over the next two decades will be significantly different to the last two decades. This is not strategy. A review of the economic development strategies of a sample of Local Government Areas (LGAs) leant weight to this proposition. Aims of the Research The fundamental aims of this research are to understand the logic underpinning economic development strategic decision-making to make better strategic decisions in the long run in regional local government. Despite thoughtful attempts over the decades to define strategy, a rash of manifestos continue to emerge that purport to redefine the term (Ghemawat 2006). Researching contemporary ‘best practice’ in this field and exploring the way that strategic decisions are made, should help to establish the basic principles and structure of economic development strategy. While this may be a worthwhile endeavour from an intellectual and academic perspective, the greater goal is to make a meaningful contribution to the discipline of economic development that will assist local governments make better strategic decisions in this area. The intent of the research is to change peoples thinking on how they should approach economic development in local government. “Good research should change our thinking. It asks us to accept a new idea, or in the strongest case, to rearrange our system of beliefs in fundamental ways” (Booth, Colomb et al. 1995p. 111). Consequently the aims of the research are to:
High Dividend Rates Can Not Contribute to Long Investment Horizons: The Chinese Evidence

This paper, based on Campbell (2000), introduces investor sentiment-related variables to a logarithm model, aiming to examine the relationship between dividend rate and investment horizons in the emerging Growth Enterprise Market of China. Using data sample of 243 IPO firms during 2009-2012, the study find that these firms’ dividend policies do not contribute to investment horizons in the listing market, and both dividend rates and investment horizons vary across industry sectors. In addition, a majority of these firms failed to fulfill their dividend policies.
Intraneuronal β-Amyloid Is a Major Risk Factor – Novel Evidence from the APP/PS1KI Mouse Model

Accumulating evidence points to an important role of intraneuronal β-amyloid (Aβ) in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), with its typical clinical symptoms like memory impairment and changes in personality. We have previously reported on the Aβ precursor protein and presenilin-1 knock-out (APP/PS1KI) mouse model with abundant intraneuronal Aβ42 accumulation and a 50% loss of CA1 neurons at 10 months of age. In addition, we observed reduced short- and long-term synaptic plasticity, hippocampal neuron loss, and reduced performance in a working memory task. These observations support a pivotal role of intraneuronal Aβ accumulation as a principal pathological trigger in AD.
Privacy Preserving Data Mining (Advances in Information Security)

When there are many people who don't need to expect something more than the benefits to take, we will suggest you to have willing to reach all benefits. Be sure and surely do to take this privacy preserving data mining advances in information security that gives the best reasons to read. When you really need to get the reason why, this privacy preserving data mining advances in information security book will probably make you feel curious.
Key Issues of Clamping Diodes in DCM Phase-Shift Full-Bridge Converter

When the phase-shifted full-bridge converter (PSFB converter) with clamping diodes (CD) operating in discontinuous current mode (DCM), clamping diodes are apt to be damaged, especially in high input voltage applications, which deteriorates the reliability of the converter dramatically. The operation principle of the DCM PSFB converter with CD is analyzed in detail. Analysis shows that the clamping diode has different operating modes in DCM compared to CCM. The clamping diodes are turned off with serious reverse recovery. The operation principle is verified by a 1200 W module.
Back-to-back mechanisms drive actomyosin ring closure during Drosophila embryo cleavage

The mechanisms mediating actomyosin ring contraction during Drosophila cellularization, a developmental division that resembles cytokinesis, are unclear. Xue and Sokac delineate the contribution of cytoskeletal motors and actin-binding proteins to actomyosin ring constriction as Drosophila embryos undergo cleavage.
Recombination of plasmids into the Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome is reduced by small amounts of sequence heterogeneity

As a model system for studying the properties of mitotic recombination in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we have examined recombination between a recombinant plasmid (introduced into the S. cerevisiae cell by transformation) and homologous chromosomal loci. The recombinant plasmids used in these experiments contained S. cerevisiae rRNA genes. We found that the frequency of integrative recombination is sensitive to small amounts of sequence heterogeneity. In addition, the frequency and specificity of these recombination events are affected by the lengths of the interacting homologous DNA sequences.
Financial Exclusion, Financial Institutions and Corporate Social Responsibility: A Developing Country Perspective

Financial exclusion is a financial phenomenon as much as it is a social phenomenon. Given the differences in socio-economic conditions across nations, it is likely that financial exclusion is driven by different factors in different countries. This paper argues that illiteracy is one of the major drivers of financial exclusion in developing countries and presents a case study of Nigeria. Accordingly, banks operating in Nigeria should worry about financial exclusion, as it primarily shrinks and limits their access to a wider market. Notwithstanding, the paper further argues that banks in Nigeria could leverage on the seeming obstacles constituted by the prevalence of illiteracy-driven financial exclusion to enhance their brands by tackling financial exclusion in the form of corporate social responsibility; and in so doing, mitigate the probable risk of 'harsh' social regulations on the part of policy makers to address the existence of financial exclusion in Nigeria.
Mice with a Deletion in the Gene for CCAAT/Enhancer-binding Protein β Have an Attenuated Response to cAMP and Impaired Carbohydrate Metabolism*

Fifty percent of the mice homozygous for a deletion in the gene for CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBPβ−/− mice; B phenotype) die within 1 to 2 h after birth of hypoglycemia. They do not mobilize their hepatic glycogen or induce the cytosolic form of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). Administration of cAMP resulted in mobilization of glycogen, induction of PEPCK mRNA, and a normal blood glucose; these mice survived beyond 2 h postpartum. Adult C/EBPβ−/− mice (A phenotype) also had difficulty in maintaining blood glucose levels during starvation. Fasting these mice for 16 or 30 h resulted in lower levels of hepatic PEPCK mRNA, blood glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate, blood urea nitrogen, and gluconeogenesis when compared with control mice. The concentration of hepatic cAMP in these mice was 50% of controls, but injection of theophylline, together with glucagon, resulted in a normal cAMP levels. Agonists (glucagon, epinephrine, and isoproterenol) and other effectors of activation of adenylyl cyclase were the same in liver membranes isolated from C/EBPβ−/− mice and littermates. The hepatic activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase was 80% of wild type mice. There was a 79% increase in the concentration of RIα and 27% increase in RIIα in the particulate fraction of the livers of C/EBPβ−/− mice relative to wild type mice, with no change in the catalytic subunit (Cα). Thus, a 45% increase in hepatic cAMP (relative to the wild type) would be required in C/EBPβ−/− mice to activate protein kinase A by 50%. In addition, the total activity of phosphodiesterase in the livers of C/EBPβ−/− mice, as well as the concentration of mRNA for phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A) and PDE3B was approximately 25% higher than in control animals, suggesting accelerated degradation of cAMP. C/EBPβ influences the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism by altering the level of hepatic cAMP and the activity of protein kinase A.
Minimizing a 'Key Cause' of the 2008 Financial Crisis: Governance Failure

The US Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission Report stated: “dramatic failures of corporate governance and risk management at many systemically important financial institutions were a key cause of this crisis. ” The Lehman Brothers liquidator’s report and other sources explain the systemic deficiencies in the dominant centralized system of corporate governance. Evidence is provided that: (a) Stakeholders possessed knowledge of both systemic and firm specific risks; (b) Centralized governance denied stakeholders engagement to identify and mitigate risks. This leads to the hypothesis that decentralized governance described as “network” governance, provides a basis to reduce the “key cause” of firm and regulatory failure. The hypothesis is supported by system science that has identified the impossibility of reliably regulating complexity without a requisite variety of communication and control channels. We recommend that regulators introduce network governance to provide a requisite variety of stakeholder boards as co-regulators of large complex firms.
Etiology of stomach cancer ( C 16 ) in Central and South America

Stomach cancer develops from a multistep process that evolves from a series of changes in the gastric mucosa that progress from normal gastric mucosa to nonatrophic gastritis, multifocal gastric atrophy (without intestinal metaplasia), intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia (lowand high-grade), and finally to cancer [1, 2]. Similarly to most malignancies, stomach cancer is a multifactorial disease that involves several environmental and genetic factors at different stages of the carcinogenic process [3, 4]. This section focuses on Helicobacter pylori infection and briefly reviews other known factors related to this malignancy.
Does Job Security Concern Acquiring Managers?

The threat of forced turnover discourages CEOs from engaging in misbehaviors up front. Using the CEO dismissal hazard as the measure of the job (in)security, we find that CEOs with higher dismissal risk pursue fewer acquisitions; especially these CEOs chase value-destroying deals less frequently. The announcement return is higher when the acquiring CEOs are more disciplined by the threat of CEO dismissal and this superior performance can be partly explained by more effort exerted by these CEOs to achieve a better share of acquisition value split. Our findings suggest that the threat of forced turnover is an effective internal mechanism of corporate governance.
Dual Regulation of the Arabidopsis High-Affinity Root Iron Uptake System by Local and Long-Distance Signals1

Regulation of the root high-affinity iron uptake system by whole-plant signals was investigated at the molecular level in Arabidopsis, through monitoring FRO2 and IRT1 gene expression. These two genes encode the root ferric-chelate reductase and the high-affinity iron transporter, respectively, involved in the iron deficiency-induced uptake system. Recovery from iron-deficient conditions and modulation of apoplastic iron pools indicate that iron itself plays a major role in the regulation of root iron deficiency responses at the mRNA and protein levels. Split-root experiments show that the expression of IRT1 and FRO2 is controlled both by a local induction from the root iron pool and through a systemic pathway involving a shoot-borne signal, both signals being integrated to tightly control production of the root iron uptake proteins. We also show that IRT1 and FRO2 are expressed during the day and down-regulated at night and that this additional control is overruled by iron starvation, indicating that the nutritional status prevails on the diurnal regulation. Our work suggests, for the first time to our knowledge, that like in grasses, the root iron acquisition in strategy I plants may also be under diurnal regulation. On the basis of the new molecular insights provided in this study and given the strict coregulation of IRT1 and FRO2 observed, we present a model of local and long-distance regulation of the root iron uptake system in Arabidopsis.