Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A probe for local flow field visualization

A probe for the interactive visualization of flow fields is presented. The probe can be used to visualize many characteristics of the flow in detail for a small region in the data set. The velocity and the local change of velocity (the velocity gradient tensor) are visualized by a set of geometric primitives. To this end, the velocity gradient tensor is transformed to a local coordinate frame, and decomposed into components parallel with and perpendicular to the flow. These components are visualized as geometric objects with an intuitively meaningful interpretation. An implementation is presented which shows that this probe is a useful tool for flow visualization. <<ETX>>
Elbow movement detection using brain computer interface

This paper investigates effectiveness of using a non-invasive Electroencephalographic (EEG) activity for Brain Computer Interface, to analyze the brain activity and translate human elbow movement into the movement of an artificial actuator. Simple time domain statistical features (mean, variance, skewness, kurtosis, energy, inter quartile range and median absolute deviation) are extracted to detect left to right and right to left elbow movement by using a linear discriminant function based classifier. A robotic arm is used to mimic human elbow movement and its movement was controlled by the classifier's output. An overall accuracy of 73% is achieved in the classifications of two elbow movement using EEG signal.
The estrogen-related receptors: orphans orchestrating myriad functions

Coordinated and tight regulation of gene expression in metazoans is essential for cellular homeostasis and functions. Tissue- and cell-specific regulatory factors are indispensable and a wide variety of them exist to regulate genes. A family of transcriptional factors was identified in the past two decades through gene cloning studies and was informally referred as “orphan receptors”, as appropriate endogenous ligands for such receptors were unknown. One of the subclasses of such receptors is known as the estrogen-related receptors (ERRs), which include three isoforms, namely ERRα, ERRβ and ERRγ. Over the past one decade, unprecedented knowledge about the ERRs biology has been generated, indicating their vital roles in various metabolic and physiological activities in animals. The ERRs cellular action is largely attributed to its interaction with a wide variety of other nuclear receptors, including some orphan nuclear receptors, and thereby can modulate diverse array of genes involved in metabolism and animal physiology. Studies using genome-wide location analyses, microarray and functional genomics, including ERR-specific null mice have revealed a number of pathways controlled by the ERRs. In this context, new and recent information on the biological functions of ERRs are being reviewed.
Electrodynamic Simulation of High-Voltage Peaking Switch

This paper discusses the modeling of a peaking switch to study the reduction in rise time for the subnanosecond duration pulses. The effect of the various shapes of input pulse, inductance, and interelectrode distance on the output voltage and wave shape is discussed in this paper. The modeling has been carried out using the electromagnetic and microwave modeling software of Computer Simulation Technology.
Neuromarketing For Dummies

Chapter 1. What Neuromarketing Is and Isn’t . 3 Defining Neuromarketing . 3 Understanding the New Scientific Foundations of Neuromarketing . 4 Exploring Where Marketers Are Using Neuromarketing Today . 4 Explaining How Neuromarketing Measures Consumer Responses . 4 Succeeding with Neuromarketing Studies . 4
E-government application at local level: issues and challenges: an empirical study

This paper presents an empirical study of investigating the current issues and challenges of e-government application at the local level throughout the nation. In the research, 150 local government websites are selected randomly for observation – in terms of their demographic characteristics, homepage technical design features, governmental services offered via internet, the information about local community provided online, and feedback from local citizens. Based on the information collected, statistical analysis and comparative studies are conducted to derive insightful managerial implications. The research objectives are twofold: to examine the current e-government applications at the local level across the nation; to identify both success and failure lessons along with potential problems and weakness. The results are presented with managerial discussions.
Does necrosis on frozen-section analysis of a mass after chemotherapy justify a limited retroperitoneal resection in patients with advanced testis cancer?

OBJECTIVE To evaluate morbidity and relapse in patients with advanced testis cancer who underwent a post-chemotherapy resection of a residual mass and a limited retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 62 patients underwent complete resection of retroperitoneal masses after chemotherapy and a limited lymph node dissection if frozen sections of the mass showed necrosis (37 patients) or a bilateral dissection if the frozen section indicated viable germ cell tumour or teratoma (25 patients). RESULTS With a median follow-up of 6 years, 14 (23%) patients relapsed, but only one within the retroperitoneum (teratoma) after a limited lymphadenectomy. There was a concordance of 89% between the frozen section of the post-chemotherapy mass and the permanent-section histological diagnosis of the entire lymphadenectomy specimen. Of the 37 patients whose masses showed necrosis on frozen section, three had viable germ cell tumour and one had teratoma on final histology. In all four false-negative cases, residual tumour was confined to the resected mass. Six patients (10%) had surgical complications (one after limited and five after bilateral lymph node dissection). CONCLUSION The surgical resection of all residual masses after chemotherapy, followed by limited retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy if frozen-section analysis shows necrosis, is a safe approach in selected patients with advanced testicular cancer.
Axonal neuropathy with optic atrophy is caused by mutations in mitofusin 2

Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth (CMT) neuropathy with visual impairment due to optic atrophy has been designated as hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type VI (HMSN VI). Reports of affected families have indicated autosomal dominant and recessive forms, but the genetic cause of this disease has remained elusive.
Non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy in Malaysia: a 5 years review.

AIM To evaluate the clinical presentations and visual outcomes of non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION). METHODS A retrospective study was conducted involving 18 consecutive patients (20 eyes) with NAION attending Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia from January 2005 until December 2009. RESULTS Most patients were Malay (94.4%), and followed by Chinese (5.6 %). The female-to-male ratio was 3.5:1. The age of patients ranged from 36 to 85 years (mean, 57.1 years). The main risk factors in systemic diseases were hypertension (55.5%), diabetes mellitus (44.4%), and ischaemic heart disease (11.1%). Most patients (77.8%) presented with acute loss of vision while gradual onset was in 22.3% of cases. Majority had visual acuity worse than 1/60 (80%). The most common fundoscopic findings were peripapillary splinter haemorrhage (90%), sectorial swollen optic disc (60%) and hyperemic disc (60%). During follow up, 20% of the patients showed stabilization in visual acuity, and 80% showed worsening of vision. CONCLUSION Majority of patients with NAION presented with acute poor vision involving middle-aged and elderly individuals. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were among the main risk factors involved. NAION can lead to permanent visual loss despite treatment.
The gene for toxic shock toxin is carried by a family of mobile pathogenicity islands in Staphylococcus aureus

Tst, the gene for toxic shock syndrome toxin‐1 (TSST‐1), is part of a 15.2 kb genetic element in Staphylococcus aureus that is absent in TSST‐1‐negative strains. The prototype, in RN4282, is flanked by a 17 nucleotide direct repeat and contains genes for a second possible superantigen toxin, a Dichelobacter nodosus VapE homologue and a putative integrase. It is readily transferred to a recA− recipient, and it always inserts into a unique chromosomal copy of the 17 nucleotide sequence in the same orientation. It is excised and circularized by staphylococcal phages φ13 and 80α and replicates during the growth of the latter, which transduces it at very high frequency. Because of its site and orientation specificity and because it lacks other identifiable phage‐like genes, we consider it to be a pathogenicity island (PI) rather than a transposon or a defective phage. The tst element in RN4282, near tyrB, is designated SaPI1. That in RN3984 in the trp region is only partially homologous to SaPI1 and is excised by phage 80 but not by 80α. It is designated SaPI2. These PIs are the first in any Gram‐positive species and the first for which mobility has been demonstrated. Their mobility may be responsible for the spread of TSST‐1 production among S. aureus strains.
The Neuropathology of Alcohol‐specific Brain Damage, or Does Alcohol Damage the Brain?

The aim of this review is to identify neuropathological changes that are directly related to the long-term use of excessive amounts of alcohol (ethanol). There is still debate as to whether alcohol per se causes brain damage. The main problem has been to identify those lesions caused by alcohol itself and those caused by other common alcohol-related factors, principally thiamin deficiency. Careful selection and classification of alcoholic cases into those with and without these complications, together with detailed quantitative neuropathological analyses, has provided us with useful data. There is brain shrinkage in uncomplicated alcoholics which can largely be accounted for by loss of white matter. Some of this damage appears to be reversible. However, alcohol-related neuronal loss has been documented in specific regions of the cerebral cortex (superior frontal association cortex), hypothalamus (supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei), and cerebellum. The data is conflicting for several regions: the hippocampus, amygdala and locus ceruleus. No change is found in the basal ganglia, nucleus basalis, or serotonergic raphe nuclei. Many of the regions that are normal in uncomplicated alcoholics are damaged in those with the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. Dendritic and synaptic changes have been documented in uncomplicated alcoholics and these, together with receptor and transmitter changes, may explain functional changes and cognitive deficits that precede the more severe structural neuronal changes. The pattern of damage appears to be somewhat different and species-specific in animal models of alcohol toxicity. Pathological changes that have been found to correlate with alcohol intake include white matter loss and neuronal loss in the hypothalamus and cerebellum.
Angiotensin-receptor blockers and risk of Alzheimer's disease in hypertension population--a nationwide cohort study.

BACKGROUND Although emerging evidence shows angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) may have a beneficial effect against Alzheimer's disease (AD), the association is not consistent. We investigated the association between ARB use and the risk of development of AD using a nationwide, population-based cohort database in Taiwan. METHODS AND RESULTS In total, 16,426 newly diagnosed hypertensive patients who were administered ARB without a previous diagnosis of AD were identified from the Taiwan National Health Insurance database. The comparison group consisted of hypertensive patients who did not receive ARB, and were matched to exposed individuals using propensity score by enrolled time, age, sex, and comorbidities. During an average of 5.24 ± 2.01 years of follow-up, a total of 1,031 cases (3.13%) of new AD occurred. The log-rank test showed no significant difference in the AD occurrence rate between subjects exposed to ARBs and non-exposed controls [488 (2.97%) vs. 543 (3.29%), P=0.221]. After adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities, and medications, only advanced age [hazard ratio (HR) 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12-1.13, P<0.001), female sex (HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.04-1.33, P=0.011), diabetes (HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.31-1.79, P<0.001), but not ARB (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.96-1.22, P=0.222) were independently associated with AD development. CONCLUSIONS The use of ARB was not significantly associated with a reduction of risk of AD in Asian patients with essential hypertension.
The Role of Neighborhood Factors and Community Stigma in Predicting Community Participation Among Persons With Psychiatric Disabilities.

OBJECTIVE This study examined the association between neighborhood characteristics, stigma related to mental illness reported by local community members, and measures of perceived stigma and community participation among individuals with psychiatric disabilities living in independent scattered-site housing or in congregate housing in three neighborhoods in the New York City metropolitan area. METHODS Neighborhood characteristics were drawn from the 2010 U.S. Census. Surveys focusing on attitudes and intended behavior toward people with mental illness were administered to 608 general community members, and clinical interviews were conducted with 343 persons with psychiatric disabilities. RESULTS Of neighborhood characteristics, both greater socioeconomic disadvantage and more "suburban values" (lower housing density and greater political conservativism) predicted more perpetrated stigma reported by community members. There was no significant relationship between stigma reported by community members and perceived stigma among participants with psychiatric disabilities. Community stigma predicted vocational involvement and demonstrated interaction effects with housing, such that persons living in congregate housing demonstrated more community participation in communities with more stigma, whereas persons living in scattered-site housing demonstrated less participation in these communities. Perceived stigma was significantly negatively related to community participation. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that effects of neighborhood characteristics and community stigma on people with psychiatric disabilities are complex and are partly conditioned by housing context.
Twentieth-Century Influences on the Development in Britain of Services for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

Modern comprehensive multidisciplinary mental-health services for children and adolescents have four origins: psychology from 1890, psychoanalysis from 1906, the child-guidance movement from 1920, and the children's departments of psychiatric teaching hospitals from 1930. Post-war changes in society and reform, especially the NHS Act 1946, contributed to rapid development of services and an increasingly wide range of sophisticated therapeutic interventions; professional and interdisciplinary associations and trans-Atlantic exchange were also influential. In the last three decades a succession of official inquiries, reports, legislation and reorganisations have had a damaging effect. Children and their services have been prey to causes célèbres, fashion and the exaggerated fads and foibles of the media and politicians; they have thrived best when society and their carers were tolerant, and loving, sought good qualities to augment, not evil to exorcise, and succeeded in balancing structure and control with flexibility and freedom to grow. Planners should review the past before acting.
Stabilization of Nonlinear Systems Using Event-Triggered Output Feedback Controllers

The objective is to design output feedback event-triggered controllers to stabilize a class of nonlinear systems. One of the main difficulties of the problem is to ensure the existence of a minimum amount of time between two consecutive transmissions, which is essential in practice. We solve this issue by combining techniques from event-triggered and time-triggered control. The idea is to turn on the event-triggering mechanism only after a fixed amount of time has elapsed since the last transmission. This time is computed based on results on the stabilization of time-driven sampled-data systems. The overall strategy ensures an asymptotic stability property for the closed-loop system. The results are proved to be applicable to linear time-invariant (LTI) systems as a particular case.
Saving-sensing-throughput tradeoff in cognitive radio systems with wireless energy harvesting

In recent years, with the rapid growth in wireless communication applications, issues in energy consumption has been increasingly critical, especially in cognitive radio (CR) systems with the exclusive functionality of spectrum sensing. In this paper, we consider a self-powered cognitive radio system, in which the SU has no fixed power supplies (e.g. batteries) and is powered by an energy harvester which extracts energy from the ambient radio signal. It is assumed that the SU operates in a harvesting (also termed “saving”)-sensing-transmitting fashion, which partitions a timeslot into three non-overlapping fractions. Taking the tradeoff between the three operations into account, we focus on optimization for spectrum sensing strategy to maximize the SU's expected achievable throughput. We formulate the expected achievable throughput optimization as a mixe-dinteger non-linear programming (MINLP) problem and derive the optimal spectrum sensing strategy via a modified differential evolution (DE) algorithm. We also present in-depth numerical analysis on the optimal spectrum sensing strategy and the experimental results demonstrate the optimal sensing strategy outperforms the stochastic one in terms of statistical expectation.
The Limits of Reflected Glory: The Beneficial and Harmful Effects of Product Name Similarity in the U.S. Network TV Program Industry, 1944-2003

The market fate of a product ultimately determines the success or failure of a firm. A name is a central feature of any product, yet how names affect product market longevity is not well understood. In this paper we develop a theory in which a new product’s name affects the product’s categorization by audiences and, as a result, impacts its survival chances on the market. We predict that the similarity of the new product’s name to names of other products in the industry affects its survival probability, but the direction and magnitude of this effect depends on the popularity and status of products, to names of which the new product’s name is similar. We test our predictions on the population of all TV programs that were introduced during prime time plus early evening and late night on networks in the United States from the beginning of the industry in 1944 through 2003. An event history analysis of this population supports our predictions and thus suggests the importance of names in product market viability.
Function of Lactococcus lactis Nisin Immunity Genes nisI and nisFEG after Coordinated Expression in the Surrogate Host Bacillus subtilis *

Nisin-producing Lactococcus lactisstrains show a high degree of resistance to the action of nisin, which is based upon expression of the self-protection (immunity) genesnisI, nisF, nisE, andnisG. Different combinations of nisin immunity genes were integrated into the chromosome of a nisin-sensitive Bacillus subtilis host strain under the control of an inducible promoter. For the recipient strain, the highest level of acquired nisin tolerance was achieved after coordinated expression of all four nisin immunity genes. But either the lipoprotein NisI or the ABC transporter-homologous system NisFEG, respectively, were also able to protect the Bacillus host cells. The acquired immunity was specific to nisin and provided no tolerance to subtilin, a closely related lantibiotic. Quantitative in vivo peptide release assays demonstrated that NisFEG diminished the quantity of cell-associated nisin, providing evidence that one role of NisFEG is to transport nisin from the membrane into the extracellular space. NisI solubilized from B. subtilis membrane vesicles and recombinant hexahistidine-tagged NisI from Escherichia coliinteracted specifically with nisin and not with subtilin. This suggests a function of NisI as a nisin-intercepting protein.
Neuropathological Aspects of Alzheimer Disease, Parkinson Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia

Background: Proteinopathies are a heterogenous group of neurodegenerative disorders, characterized by intra- and extracellular accumulation of abnormal filament proteins. Objective: To describe the neuropathology of specific forms of tauopathies and synucleinopathies, the overlap of morphologic features and molecular interactions. Methods: The study uses currently available morphologic criteria of different proteinopathies. Results: Alzheimer disease (AD) is featured by deposition of β-amyloid peptides, phosphorylated tau protein (3- and 4-repeat tau) and frequent α-synuclein (aSyn) deposits. Lewy body diseases (LBD), such as sporadic Parkinson disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), show aSyn-positive deposits in neurons, neurites, glia, and presynaptic terminals, while frontotemporal dementias present tau-positive and tau-negative, ubiquitin- and TDP-43-positive neuronal and glial inclusions. The latter have also been observed in AD, PD, PD dementia and motor neuron disorders. Molecular interactions between major proteins, which may occur within the same brain in various distribution patterns, cause variable phenotypes and mixed pathologies, e.g. AD with aSyn pathology in the brainstem and amygdala, PD and DLB with AD lesions, and frontotemporal dementia with a mixture of various deposits, while others are featured by one principal pathology without other lesions (e.g. tangle-predominant type of dementia, pure PD, brainstem-predominant LBD). Conclusion: Animal models and in vitro studies showing co-occurrence and mutual promotion of fibrillation of these proteins indicate their synergistic interactions in the pathogenesis of these disorders which, at least in part, are genetically influenced.
The Energy Values of Dietary Fibre and Sugar Alcohols for Man

C A R B O H Y D R A T E S . 66 LOSSES OF C A R B O H Y D R A T E S TO FAECES . 67 LOSSES OF E N E R G Y D U E T O F E R M E N T A T I O N . 67 Production of microbial mass and faecal energy . 67 Hydrogen and methane production . 68 Heat of fermentation . 68 Eficiency of short chain fat ty acid metabolism . 69 Recommended ejiciency values . 69 S M A L L I N T E S T I N A L A B S O R P T I O N O F N S P A N D O L I G O S A C C H A R I D E S . 70 S M A L L I N T E S T I N A L A B S O R P T I O N , U R I N A R Y LOSSES A N D METABOLISM OF S U G A R A L C O H O L S . I1 M O D E L L I N G OF N S P D E G R A D A T I O N I N T H E R A T . 73 SPECIFIC DIGESTIBLE A N D N E T ENERGY VALUES . 75 O C C U R R E N C E , C O M P O S I T I O N A N D H E A T S OF C O M B U S T I O N O F FOOD
Speed-up and entanglement in quantum searching

We investigate the issue of speed-up and the necessity of entanglement in Grover's quantum search algorithm. We find that in a pure state implementation of Grover's algorithm entanglement is present even though the initial and target states are product states. In pseudo-pure state implementations, the separability of the states involved defines an entanglement boundary in terms of a bound on the purity parameter. Using this bound we investigate the necessity of entanglement in quantum searching for these pseudopure state implementations. If every active molecule involved in the ensemble is 'charged for' then in existing machines speed-up without entanglement is not possible.