Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Designing AI Learning Experiences for K-12: Emerging Works, Future Opportunities and a Design Framework

Artificial intelligence (AI) literacy is a rapidly growing research area and a critical addition to K-12 education. However, support for designing tools and curriculum to teach K-12 AI literacy is still limited. There is a need for additional interdisciplinary human-computer interaction and education research investigating (1) how general AI literacy is currently implemented in learning experiences and (2) what additional guidelines are required to teach AI literacy in specifically K-12 learning contexts. In this paper, we analyze a collection of K-12 AI and education literature to show how core competencies of AI literacy are applied successfully and organize them into an educator-friendly chart to enable educators to efficiently find appropriate resources for their classrooms. We also identify future opportunities and K-12 specific design guidelines, which we synthesized into a conceptual framework to support researchers, designers, and educators in creating K-12 AI learning experiences.
Adversary Models for Mobile Device Authentication

Mobile device authentication has been a highly active research topic for over 10 years, with a vast range of methods proposed and analyzed. In related areas, such as secure channel protocols, remote authentication, or desktop user authentication, strong, systematic, and increasingly formal threat models have been established and are used to qualitatively compare different methods. However, the analysis of mobile device authentication is often based on weak adversary models, suggesting overly optimistic results on their respective security. In this article, we introduce a new classification of adversaries to better analyze and compare mobile device authentication methods. We apply this classification to a systematic literature survey. The survey shows that security is still an afterthought and that most proposed protocols lack a comprehensive security analysis. The proposed classification of adversaries provides a strong and practical adversary model that offers a comparable and transparent classification of security properties in mobile device authentication.
Clinical study of different doses of atorvastatin combined with febuxostat in patients with gout and carotid atherosclerosis

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of atorvastatin combined with febuxostat in the treatment of gout patients with carotid atherosclerosis and to observe the effects on serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, carotid plaques, and the adverse reactions. Methods: Seventy patients with gout and carotid atherosclerosis admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University from January 2014 to June 2017 were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group. The treatment group received oral febuxostat 40 mg/day combined with atorvastatin 40 mg/day. The control group was given 40 mg/day febuxostat combined with 20 mg/day atorvastatin for 90 days. The effects of treatment on TNF-α, IL-1β, and CRP levels and carotid plaques of the patients were observed. Results: After 90 days of treatment, serum TNF-α, IL-1β, and CRP levels, as well as HUA and total cholesterol (TC), decreased in both groups after treatment. There were significant differences observed (p < 0.05). The carotid artery plaques in the two groups were significantly smaller after treatment (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in adverse reactions between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Double doses of atorvastatin combined with febuxostat can effectively reduce uric acid to improve the inflammatory state in patients and reduce carotid plaques without increasing the incidence of adverse reactions.
Survival and inactivation of human norovirus GII.4 Sydney on commonly touched airplane cabin surfaces

Human norovirus (HuNoV) is one of the leading causes of acute gastroenteritis globally. HuNoV outbreaks have been recently reported during air travels. Contaminated surfaces are known as a critical transmission route at various settings. The aim of this study was to provide key information about the survival and the decontamination of HuNoV on three commonly touched airplane cabin surfaces. In this study, we monitored the survival of HuNoV on seat leather, plastic tray table, and seatbelt for 30 days, with and without additional organic load (simulated gastric fluid). The efficacy of two EPA registered anti-norovirus disinfectants were also evaluated. Results showed that HuNoV was detected at high titers (>4 log10 genomic copy number) for up to 30 days when additional organic load was present. Both tested disinfectants were found highly ineffective against HuNoV when the surface was soiled. The study showed that when the organic load was present, HuNoV was highly stable and resistant against disinfectants. Findings from this study indicated that appropriate procedures should be developed by airline companies with the help of public health authorities to decrease passengers' exposure risk to HuNoV.
RAD51 Inhibitor Reverses Etoposide-Induced Genomic Toxicity and Instability in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Cells

Aim: In normal cells, homologous recombination (HR) is strictly regulated and precise and plays an important role in preserving genomic integrity by accurately repairing DNA damage. RAD51 is the recombinase which mediates homologous base pairing and strand exchange during DNA repair by HR. We have previously reported that HR is spontaneously elevated (or dysregulated) in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and contributes to ongoing genomic changes and instability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of RAD51 inhibitor on genomic toxicity caused by etoposide, a chemotherapeutic agent. Methods: EAC cell lines (FLO-1 and OE19) were cultured in the presence of RAD51 inhibitor and/or etoposide, and impact on cell viability, apoptosis and genomic integrity/stability investigated. Genomic integrity/stability was monitored by evaluating cells for γ-H2AX (a marker for DNA breaks), phosphorylated RPA32 (a marker of DNA end resection which is a distinct step in the initiation of HR) and micronuclei (a marker of genomic instability). Results: Treatment with etoposide, a chemotherapeutic agent, was associated with marked genomic toxicity (as evident from increase in DNA breaks) and genomic instability in both EAC cell lines. Consistently, the treatment was also associated with apoptotic cell death. A small molecule inhibitor of RAD51 increased cytotoxicity while reducing genomic toxicity and instability caused by etoposide, in both EAC cell lines. Conclusion: RAD51 inhibitors have potential to increase cytotoxicity while reducing harmful genomic impact of chemotherapy.
Telemedicine: Current Impact on the Future

The current healthcare landscape lends itself to major changes, including elevating the prominence of telemedicine. Recent technological advances and external pressures have driven telemedicine to the forefront of medical reality. During an emergency declaration made March 17, 2020, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) stated the need for providers to use telemedicine to provide patients care in hospitals, clinics, nursing homes, and other settings across the states. Additionally, new policies have been implemented to better facilitate patient care, safety, and privacy. The convenience provided by this low resource modality facilitates the intercommunication between physicians and offers a suitable alternative for patients who are medically or socially unable to see providers in person. However, given the nature of the practice, much consideration is needed to build patient relationships and comfort. In the future, the impact of telemedicine on healthcare environments cannot be overstated, especially in hospice and nursing home settings where it stands to improve treatment efficacy and monitoring for the elderly. Newer inventions such as the remote patient monitoring system can act as safety nets for clinic patients, while improving accessibility of electronic health records (EHRs) will dramatically augment available treatment options. However, the spread of telehealth relies on community reimbursement and the ability for physicians to consistently offer the same services that are available in person. Additionally, it is imperative that physicians and other healthcare professionals integrate these new technologies into their fields while also maintaining the ethics of patient security and autonomy.
Acute bilirubin encephalopathy and its associated risk factors in a tertiary care hospital, Pakistan

Objective: To determine the incidence of acute bilirubin encephalopathy (ABE) and its risk factors in neonates presenting with hyperbilirubinemia in a tertiary care children hospital. Methods: This descriptive observational study was conducted from June 2018 to June 2019. A total of 300 infants who were admitted in neonatal ICU with diagnosis of hyperbilirubinemia in The Children’s Hospital & The Institute of Child Health, Multan, Pakistan were included in this period. Incidence of ABE was noted. ABE was divided into two categories on the basis of severity of symptoms; mild ABE and moderate to severe ABE. Total serum bilirubin (TSB) in all neonates was measured in all patients in hospital laboratory using colorimetric method. ABO incompatibility and Rh factor incompatibility was also noted for each neonate. Results: Out of 300 neonates who presented with hyperbilirubinemia, ABE was diagnosed in only 42 (14.0%) neonates (mild ABE in 17 (5.7%) and moderate in 25 (8.3%). Out of 42 neonates of ABE, total serum bilirubin levels were 20-29.9 mg/dL in 24 (40.5%) neonates, and >30 mg/dL in 18 (42.8%) neonates. Pre-term birth was a significant risk factor of ABE; 23.8% in ABE and 10.70% in non-ABE (p-value 0.01). During treatment, 02 (4.76%) neonates expired due to ABE. Conclusion: In present study, ABE was diagnosed in 14.0% neonates who presented with hyperbilirubinemia. We found pre-term delivery as a significant risk factor of ABE.
Back pain in elementary schoolchildren is related to screen habits

Purpose Verify the influences of physical activity level, nutritional status and screen habits on the prevalence of back pain in Brazilian students. Methods The sample consisted of 577 schoolchildren (female = 274; male = 303) aged between 10 and 16 years old, regularly enrolled in the 6th grade of elementary school living in the metropolitan area of the Alto Tietê of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The prevalence, intensity and frequency of pain was verified with the Back Pain Assessment Instrument. The usual practice of physical activity was verified with the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children/Adolescent. Nutritional status was analyzed using Body Mass Index. Screen habits were obtained through a previously structured questionnaire. Results The Chi-square test indicated that pain complaint and its prevalence in the cervical region are significantly higher in females (p < 0.05). The multiple logistic regression test revealed that watching television influences the prevalence of cervical pain and that the use of more than one screen increases the occurrence of low back pain in male students (p < 0.05). Conclusion Female students were the most affected by back pain complain, especially in the cervical region. However, factors associated with the prevalence of back pain were found only in males.
Positron Emission Tomography With Fluorodeoxyglucose Incidental Detection of Colon Cancer in a Patient’s Follow-Up for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Report

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a type of widespread, deadly malignancy that took thousands of lives around the globe. In the last two decades, CRC represented the most common cancer among men and ranked third among women in Saudi Arabia. Positron emission tomography with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET), can incidentally detect malignancy, as in our case, FDG-PET disclosed high abnormal FDG far away from the first primary malignancy. The current case is of a 65-year-old female who was following up on her nasopharyngeal carcinoma (first primary). During her last management, FDG-PET was requested to find any FDG uptake in the nasopharyngeal region; stunning FDG uptake was incidentally found at the ascending colon diagnosed as early-stage (pT2N0) colon cancer. Colonoscopy was done and India Ink was injected to facilitate localizing the mass during the laparoscopic removal of the tumor, which was delayed due to the pandemic of COVID-19. This took place in March 2020 at King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital in Jeddah.
Prevalence and Prognosis of Familial Hypercholesterolemia in Acute Coronary Syndromes Patients

Background: Familiar hypercholesterolemia (FH) is genetic disease that leads to increased serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) and premature acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The objective of our study was describing the prevalence and prognosis of FH, assessed by Dutch Lipid Clinic Network (DLCN) criteria, in patients with ACS. Methods: We designed a multicentre, observational, prospective and nationwide registry of ACS patients admitted in 30 hospitals. The DLCN criteria were analysed in all patients and they were classified in:unlikely-FH (0-2 criteria), possible-FH (3-5 criteria), probable-FH (6-7 criteria) or definite-FH (>7 criteria). Premature ACS was defined if age at admission was <55 in men or <65. Results: we included 868 patients, 72.3% males and 20.6% diabetics. Unlikely-FH accounted for 84.2% of the cohort; the prevalence of possible FH was 14.5%, probable-FH 1.1% and only 1 patient had definite-FH. The prevalence of possible or probable FH increased up to 21% in patients with premature ACS. Patients with possible/probable FH had lower mean age but more peripheral arterial disease; also, had been diagnosed more often of hypercholesterolemia and had higher LDLc and statins treatments before admission. A progressive increase in the incidence of major cardiovascular events (MACE) was observed by each increase in one DLCN criteria (OR= 1.23 95% CI 1.08-1.39) or, globally, in patients with possible/probable FH (OR: 2.31 95% CI 1.35-3.96). Conclusions: 15.8% of patients with ACS have possible/probable FH and the prevalence increases up to 24% in patients with premature ACS. Patients with possible/probable FH have higher risk of in-hospital MACE.
Nefropatía full house no lúpica en pediatría: reporte de dos casos

Resumen La nefropatía full house se refiere a la detección simultánea de depósitos de IgA, IgG, IgM, C3 y C1q en la inmunofluorescencia, lo que generalmente indica la presencia de nefritis lúpica. Hay pacientes con este patrón de inmunofluorescencia, pero con serología negativa para autoanticuerpos, por lo que no se les puede diagnosticar un lupus eritematoso sistémico. Este tipo de nefropatía, en la que no se presentan otros criterios para lupus, se denomina nefropatía full house no lúpica. En esta presentación, se describen dos casos: un paciente que ingresó con una glomerulonefritis rápidamente progresiva y una paciente con síndrome nefrótico, ambos con serología negativa para autoanticuerpos, hallazgos en la biopsia renal indicativos de nefritis lúpica de clase IV y un patrón full house en la inmunofluorescencia. La nefropatía full house no lúpica tiene rasgos histológicos similares a los de la nefritis lúpica y, probablemente, sus bases fisiopatológicas son parecidas. Sin embargo, se necesitan estudios prospectivos para conocer los factores de riesgo y el pronóstico renal, y poder hacer sugerencias sobre tratamientos específicos.
Análisis de costo-efectividad del uso del programa VECTOS en el control rutinario de enfermedades transmitidas por Aedes aegypti en dos municipios de Santander, Colombia

Resumen Introducción. Las enfermedades transmitidas por Aedes aegypti son un problema de salud pública. VECTOS es un programa novedoso de integración de estrategias de control de vectores. Objetivo. Evaluar el costo-efectividad del uso del VECTOS en los programas de control rutinario de enfermedades transmitidas por el vector Aedes aegypti en el municipio de San Juan de Girón (Santander). Materiales y métodos. Se evaluó el costo-efectividad del programa empleando un modelo de análisis de decisiones desde la perspectiva de las autoridades locales de salud. Se estudió la integración de las estrategias de control de vectores mediante el programa VECTOS utilizado en el municipio de San Juan de Girón durante el 2016, con el control rutinario llevado a cabo sin VECTOS en el municipio de Floridablanca. Se calculó la razón incremental del costo-efectividad (RICE), usando como medida de efectividad los años de vida ajustados por discapacidad (AVAD). Resultados. El uso del programa VECTOS fue rentable a una tasa de ahorro de USD$ 660,4 por cada AVAD evitado en comparación con el control de rutina en Floridablanca. El modelo probabilístico indicó que el sistema fue costo-efectivo en el 70 % de las 10.000 iteraciones para un umbral entre 1 y 3 PIB per cápita. Conclusiones. El programa VECTOS fue muy costo-efectivo en el municipio de San Juan de Girón. Su uso puede adoptarse en otros municipios del país donde las enfermedades transmitidas por A. aegypti son endémicas.
The ecology of dippers Cinclus cinclus in relation to stream acidity in upland Wales : breeding performance, calcium physiology and nestling growth

(1) We compared the laying dates, clutch size, brood size and nestling growth of dippers (Cinclus cinclus) breeding on acidic and circumneutral Welsh streams in 1985 and 1986. Serum calcium and serum alkaline phosphatase concentrations were measured in nestlings and adults from the wild population in 1988-89. (2) Laying dates were later, clutch and brood sizes smaller, and nestling growth slower along acidic streams by comparison with circumneutral streams. All differences were significant. Second clutches were absent from acidic streams, but occurred at 20% of circumneutral sites. (3) Though egg-laying was delayed at higher altitudes, pH had additional significant effects. Pairs began laying later by 13-22 days at acidic sites than circumneutral sites even after removing the effect of altitude. (4) Reduced clutch size at acidic sites in 1986 could be explained solely by delayed laying, but pH had an additional effect in 1985 and in the combined years' data. (5) Smaller broods at acidic sites could be explained solely by reduced clutch size. (6) Reduced daily mass increase in nestlings at acidic sites could be explained by delayed laying, but reduced tarsal growth was affected by pH at P = 006 after accounting for the effects of laying date. (7) Adult mass was significantly lower on acidic streams than on circumneutral streams in the pre-breeding period. The age structure of the population did not differ between the two types of stream, though the sex ratio on acid streams was female biassed. (8) Serum calcium was significantly lower in both males and females at acidic sites in the pre-breeding period than at circumneutral sites. At acidic sites only, females had higher serum calcium than males, and showed also elevated serum alkaline phosphatase. Nestling serum calcium was lower at acidic sites only up to 8 days after hatching. (9) We discuss our results in relation to the reduced availability of calcium in dipper prey along acidified streams.
Does human papillomavirus cause human colorectal cancer? Applying Bradford Hill criteria postulates

The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in human colorectal cancer (CRC) has already been widely investigated worldwide with conflicting results. Although researchers have tried to establish the link between HPV and CRC through a statistical meta-analysis of the previous studies associating HPV with CRC, they failed to establish a more reliable link due to the shortcomings of the statistical meta-analysis. In the present study, we identified population-wide studies relating HPV with CRC through the PubMed search engine. Then, we examined the available data of HPV prevalence in CRC and normal/benign samples and applied the postulates of Bradford Hill criteria on the available evidence to investigate the association between HPV and CRC. The Bradford Hill criteria are very old, reliable and widely accepted for establishing a link between the cause and disease. In addition, to further enhance the reliability of the outcomes, we have also evaluated the methodologies of the previous studies to address the possibility of false-negative and false-positive results. After a careful evaluation of the extracted data against the postulates of Bradford Hill criteria, it was observed that none of the studies fulfil all the major postulates of Bradford Hill criteria for causation including temporality, consistency, biological gradient, experiment, coherence, specificity and analogy. Hence, no causal relationship has been suggested between HPV and CRC patients of the any included population. The results failed to prove the causal relationship between HPV and CRC and suggested HPV as a coparticipant in the pathogenesis of CRC.
Effect of Whey Protein Based Edible Coating on the Quality of Fresh Mutton

Food packaging is an important discipline in the area of food technology, concerns preservation and protection of foods. The objective of this research was to determine of the effect of whey protein based edible coating on the moisture loss , sensory attributes, microbial properties and total volatile nitrogen value of fresh mutton after 0, 1, 3 and 5 days at 5°C. The moisture content, moisture loss, sensory attributes (juiciness, color and odor), microbial properties (total count and psychrophilic bacteria) and total volatile nitrogen value of the coated and uncoated samples were analyzed. The results showed that, moisture content, moisture loss, juiciness and color of the coated and uncoated samples have significant differences (p<0.05) at the intervals of 0 to 1 and 1 to 3 days of storage. But no significant difference was observed at interval time 3 to 5 days of storage (p>0.05). Also, there was no significant differences in the odor values of the coated and uncoated samples (p>0.05). Therefore, the coated samples had consistently more moisture, juiciness and colored values than uncoated samples after 3days at 5°C. The results showed that, total count, psychrophilic bacteria and total volatile nitrogen of the coated and uncoated samples did not have significant differences (p>0.05). Therefore whey protein based edible coating could not reduce the microbial load of fresh mutton. So, whey protein edible coating could enhance product presentation and eliminate the need for placing absorbent pads at the bottom of the trays.
FARMERS’ WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR WATERSHED MANAGEMENT: IN THE CASE OF OFLA WOREDA, TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA

The study area Ofla Woreda is located on the geographic coordinates of 1231'North Latitude and 3933' East Longitude in southern Tigray, Ethiopia. This paper assesses on watershed management and presents empirical results of households’ willingness to pay for watershed management. To conduct this study formal survey was conducted from farmers who were involved in watershed management and rehabilitation for more than 10 years. Multi-stage sampling with probability and non probability sampling techniques was adopted for the selection of 308 sample households and the survey was used a face to face interviews. Descriptive statistics and Tobit model to determine factors affecting willingness to pay for watershed management was applied in data analysis. The descriptive statistics result shows that the mean willingness to pay was computed at 133.85Birr per year with aggregation value of 783,750.3 Birr per year. The econometric model result suggested that age, sex, income, education level and family size of the households are significant variables needs to consider in watershed management intervention in the study area.