Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Temperature distributions in LPG tank with RBF neural network

The temperature distribution in a LPG tank has been studied by simultaneous measurements in different points of vertical and horizontal sections. Monitoring the temperature of an LPG tank is one of the safety measures in the operation of tank-lorry carrying the LPG. Surface temperature of LPG tank should be maintained below predefined value which is 40°C for example. Temperatures at several regions in the tank were monitored by temperature sensors modules which are attached on the surface. To get temperature field in a given region, we proposed a technique of using radial basis neural networks. The proposed method is simple and directly performed with less computational complexity than conventional physical model based approaches. The experimental results were well performed in the estimation of a spatial temperature distribution.
Social differences in illness and health-related exclusion from the labour market in Denmark from 1987 to 1994

Objective: The objectives were first to analyse differences in long-standing illness, limiting long-standing illness, and perceived health as below good in relation to different indicators of social class over time; and secondly to analyse the association of long-standing illness, educational level, age, and gender with employment status. Subjects and methods : Self-reported information on illness, educational level, employment status, and occupational class was obtained in two nationally representative Danish health interview surveys in 1987 (n= 4753) and 1994 (n= 4668). Results: There was a marked increase in long-standing illness from 1987 (33%) to 1994 (38%), especially among women with higher education (13% in 1987 to 26% in 1994). The prevalence of perceived health below good was unchanged (c. 20%) during the same period. Among employed men in 1987 the lowest prevalence of long-standing illness was seen in upper salaried employees (21%) and the highest in skilled workers (35%). In 1994, the difference had diminished and the prevalence rates for the same classes were 28% and 29%, respectively. Among employed women, a similar pattern was seen. The lowest rate in 1987 was seen among self-employed with subordinates (15%) and the highest in self-employed without subordinates (28%). In 1994, the difference was reduced with prevalence rates of 23% and 32%, respectively. In addition, substantial differences in health status between groups with different educational backgrounds were found. The proportion of the population with long-standing illnesses was clearly higher in the group with low education compared with the group with high education. A similar social gradient was found for perceived health as below good. Those with the highest odds ratio of being a disability pensioner are women with long-standing illness, only basic education, and above 55 years of age. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study showed that the prevalence of long-standing illness increased from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s, whereas perceived health below good was unchanged. In 1994, there was a remarkable difference in health between employed and non-employed people, indicating a health-related exclusion from the labour market. This may explain why, in 1994, smaller occupational class differences were found in the prevalence of long-standing illness among employed people compared with the findings in 1987, whereas the health differences remained in the different educational groups. Women above 54 years of age with basic education only and long-standing illness have the highest odds ratio of permanent exclusion from the labour market.
Survival and Complications in Thalassemia

Abstract: The life expectancy of patients with thalassemia major has significantly increased in recent years, as reported by several groups in different countries. However, complications are still frequent and affect the patients' quality of life. In a recent study from the United Kingdom, it was found that 50% of the patients had died before age 35. At that age, 65% of the patients from an Italian long‐term study were still alive. Heart disease is responsible for more than half of the deaths. The prevalence of complications in Italian patients born after 1970 includes heart failure in 7%, hypogonadism in 55%, hypothyroidism in 11%, and diabetes in 6%. Similar data were reported in patients from the United States. In the Italian study, lower ferritin levels were associated with a lower probability of experiencing heart failure and with prolonged survival. Osteoporosis and osteopenia are common and affect virtually all patients. Hepatitis C virus antibodies are present in 85% of multitransfused Italian patients, 23% of patients in the United Kingdom, 35% in the United States, 34% in France, and 21% in India. Hepatocellular carcinoma can complicate the course of hepatitis. A survey of Italian centers has identified 23 such cases in patients with a thalassemia syndrome. In conclusion, rates of survival and complication‐free survival continue to improve, due to better treatment strategies. New complications are appearing in long‐term survivors. Iron overload of the heart remains the main cause of morbidity and mortality.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a new large animal spirometry device using mainstream CO2 flow sensors.

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY A spirometry device equipped with mainstream CO2 flow sensor is not available for large animal anaesthesia. OBJECTIVES To measure the resistance of a new large animal spirometry device and assess its agreement with reference methods for volume measurements. STUDY DESIGN In vitro experiment and crossover study using anaesthetised horses. METHODS A flow partitioning device (FPD) equipped with 4 human CO2 flow sensors was tested. Pressure differences were measured across the whole FPD and across each sensor separately using air flows (range: 90-720 l/min). One sensor was connected to a spirometry monitor for in vitro volume (3, 5 and 7 l) measurements. These measurements were compared with a reference method. Five anaesthetised horses were used for tidal volume (VT) measurements using the FPD and a horse-lite sensor (reference method). Bland-Altman analysis, ANOVA and linear regression analysis were used for data analysis. RESULTS Pressure differences across each sensor were similar suggesting equal flow partitioning. The resistance of the device increased with flow (range: 0.3-1.5 cmH2 O s/l) and was higher than that of the horse-lite. The limits of agreement for volume measurements were within -1 and 2% in vitro and -12 and 0% in vivo. Nine of 147 VT measurements in horses were outside of the ± 10% limits of acceptance but most of these erroneous measurements occurred with VTs lower than 4 l. The determined correction factor for volume measurements was 3.97 ± 0.03. CONCLUSIONS The limits of agreement for volume measurements by the new device were within ± 10% using clinically relevant range of volumes. The new spirometry device can be recommended for measurement of VT in adult Warmblood horses.
Mechanisms underlying the control of responses to predator odours in aquatic prey

ABSTRACT In aquatic systems, chemical cues are a major source of information through which animals are able to assess the current state of their environment to gain information about local predation risk. Prey use chemicals released by predators (including cues from a predator's diet) and other prey (such as alarm cues and disturbance cues) to mediate a range of behavioural, morphological and life-history antipredator defences. Despite the wealth of knowledge on the ecology of antipredator defences, we know surprisingly little about the physiological mechanisms that control the expression of these defensive traits. Here, we summarise the current literature on the mechanisms known to specifically mediate responses to predator odours, including dietary cues. Interestingly, these studies suggest that independent pathways may control predator-specific responses, highlighting the need for greater focus on predator-derived cues when looking at the mechanistic control of responses. Thus, we urge researchers to tease apart the effects of predator-specific cues (i.e. chemicals representing a predator's identity) from those of diet-mediated cues (i.e. chemicals released from a predator's diet), which are known to mediate different ecological endpoints. Finally, we suggest some key areas of research that would greatly benefit from a more mechanistic approach. Summary: A review of the mechanisms known to date that mediate the diversity of responses seen in aquatic prey exposed to predator odours and their associated diet cues.
Arsenic trioxide sensitizes CD95/Fas‐induced apoptosis through ROS‐mediated upregulation of CD95/Fas by NF‐κB activation

CD95/Fas is a cell surface protein that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor receptor family. Signals through CD95/Fas are able to induce apoptosis in sensitive cells. Therefore, modalities to regulate the CD95/Fas expression level in tumor cells are called for. In the present study, we show that sublethal doses of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) sensitized CD95/Fas‐induced apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells, and the sensitizing effects resulted from As2O3‐mediated increase in the expression of the CD95/Fas. N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine, a specific scavenger of reactive oxygen species, abrogated As2O3‐induced upregulation of CD95/Fas and enhancement of CD95/Fas‐mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, inhibition of NF‐κB by transient transfection of IκBα supersuppressor blocked the increase of CD95/Fas expression following As2O3 treatment. Antisense oligonucleotide of CD95/Fas and ZB4, an antibody that blocks the binding of CD95/Fas ligand to CD95/Fas, reduced the amount of As2O3‐sensitized CD95/Fas‐induced apoptosis, demonstrating the specificity of CD95/Fas‐binding ligands in the As2O3‐sensitized CD95/Fas‐induced apoptosis. These findings demonstrate that sensitization of human cervical cancer cells to CD95/Fas‐mediated apoptosis by As2O3 can be partly due to induction of ROS and subsequent upregulation of CD95/Fas gene expression by NF‐κB activation. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Melatonin decreases cell proliferation and induces melanogenesis in human melanoma SK‐MEL‐1 cells

Abstract: Melatonin is an indoleamine synthesized in the pineal gland, and after its release into the blood, it has an extensive repertoire of biological activities, including antitumoral properties. In this study, we found that melatonin reduced the growth of the human melanoma cells SK‐MEL‐1. The antiproliferative effect was associated with an alteration in the progression of the phases of the cell cycle and also with an increase in tyrosinase activity, the key regulatory enzyme of melanogenesis. Antagonists for melatonin membrane receptors (luzindole and 4‐P‐PDOT) and the general G‐coupled receptor inhibitor, pertussis toxin, did not prevent the melatonin‐induced cell growth arrest; this suggests a mechanism independent of G‐coupled membrane receptors. In contrast, p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) signaling pathway seems to play a significant role in cell growth inhibition by melatonin. The indoleamine‐induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and the effect on cell proliferation were abrogated by the specific inhibitor SB203580. Furthermore, comparative studies with known antioxidants such as N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine and trolox indicate that the growth of SK‐MEL‐1 cells is highly sensitive to antioxidants.
An Effective Attack Analysis and Defense in Web Traffic Using Only Timing Information

Attack against encrypted web traffic that makes use only of packet timing information on the uplink. This attack is therefore impervious to existing packet padding defenses. In addition, unlike existing approaches, this timing-only attack does not require the knowledge of the start/end of web fetches and so is effective against traffic streams. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the attack against both wired and wireless traffic, achieving mean success rates in excess of 90%. In addition to being of interest in its own right; this timing-only attack serves to highlight deficiencies in existing defenses and so to areas where it would be beneficial for virtual private network (VPN) designers to focus further attention. We propose to use the spatial correlation of received signal strength (RSS) inherited from wireless nodes to detect the spoofing attacks. We then formulate the problem of determining the number of attackers as a multiclass detection problem. Cluster-based mechanisms are developed to determine the number of attackers. When the training data are available, we explore using the Support Vector Machines (SVM) method to further improve the accuracy of determining the number of attackers. In addition, we developed an integrated detection and localization system that can localize the positions of multiple attackers. We evaluated our techniques through two test beds using both an 802.11 (Wi Fi) network and an 802.15. 4 (Zig Bee) network in two real office buildings. Our experimental results show that our proposed methods can achieve over 90 percent Hit Rate and Precision when determining the number of attackers.
Body Contouring by Lipolysis: A 5‐Year Experience with over 3000 Cases

The concept of modifying the body contour with liposuction by developing numerous subcutaneous "tunnels" with subsequent homogeneous contractions of the overlying skin will add a new dimension to the plastic surgeon's armamentarium. Successful correction of these deformities can be obtained without a large amount of surgical undermining and skin resection and with minimal scar formation (Figs. 4 through 11).
The gene for a tRNA modifying enzyme, m5U54-methyltransferase, is essential for viability in Escherichia coli.

One of the most abundant modified nucleosides in tRNA is 5-methyluridine (m5U or rT, ribothymidine). The enzyme tRNA(m5U54)methyltransferase [S-adenosyl-L-methionine:tRNA (uracil-5-)-methyltransferase, EC 2.1. 1.35] (the trmA gene product) catalyzes S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methylation of the uracil in position 54 (T psi C loop) in all Escherichia coli tRNAs to form m5U. Hitherto no modified nucleoside in tRNA has been shown to be essential for growth, although their importance in fine tuning the function of tRNA is well established. In this paper, we show that the structural gene trmA is essential for viability, although the known catalytic activity of the tRNA(m5U54)methyltransferase is not.
SiC MOSFET with built-in SBD for reduction of reverse recovery charge and switching loss in 10-kV applications

A silicon carbide (SiC) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) for 10-kV application is proposed in this paper, which features a built-in Schottky barrier diode (SBD). Therefore, the body diode is free from activation during the third quadrant conduction state, which is beneficial for reducing the switching loss and suppressing bipolar degradation. Numerical simulations with Sentaurus TCAD are carried out to investigate the characteristics of the proposed structure in comparison to the conventional MOSFET and SBD pair. It is found that the proposed structure achieves lower reverse recovery charge and switching loss owing to three factors, i.e., faster switching speed, smaller capacitive charge, and body diode deactivation, and therefore is a superior choice for 10-kV applications.
The ALS-FTD-Q

Objective: The assessment of behavioral disturbances in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is important because of the overlap with the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (ALS-bvFTD). Motor symptoms and dysarthria are not taken into account in currently used behavioral questionnaires. We examined the clinimetric properties of a new behavioral questionnaire for patients with ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis-Frontotemporal Dementia-Questionnaire [ALS-FTD-Q]). Methods: In addition to other clinimetric properties, we examined reliability, clinical validity, and construct validity of the ALS-FTD-Q, using data from patients with ALS (n = 103), ALS-bvFTD (n = 10), bvFTD (n = 25), muscle disease control subjects (n = 39), and control subjects (n = 31). Construct validity of the ALS-FTD-Q was assessed using the Frontal Systems Behavior scale (FrSBe), Frontal Behavioral Inventory (FBI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, ALS Functional Rating Scale−Revised, Frontal Assessment Battery, Mini-Mental State Examination, and a fluency index. In addition, the point prevalence of behavioral disturbances according to the ALS-FTD-Q was compared with those obtained with the FrSBe and FBI. Results: The internal consistency of the ALS-FTD-Q was good (Cronbach α = 0.92). The ALS-FTD-Q showed construct validity because it correlated highly with other behavioral measures (r = 0.80 and 0.79), moderately with measures of frontal functions and global cognitive functioning (r = 0.37; r = 0.32), and poorly with anxiety/depression and motor impairment (r = 0.18 for both). The ALS-FTD-Q discriminated between patients with ALS-bvFTD, patients with ALS, and control subjects. The point prevalence of behavioral disturbances in patients with ALS measured with the ALS-FTD-Q was lower than that for the FrSBe and FBI. Conclusion: The ALS-FTD-Q is a feasible and clinimetrically validated instrument for the screening of behavioral disturbances in ALS.
Linking extreme interannual changes in prey availability to foraging behaviour and breeding investment in a marine predator, the macaroni penguin

Understanding the mechanisms that link prey availability to predator behaviour and population change is central to projecting how a species may respond to future environmental pressures. We documented the behavioural responses and breeding investment of macaroni penguins Eudyptes chrysolophus across five breeding seasons where local prey density changed by five-fold; from very low to highly abundant. When prey availability was low, foraging trips were significantly longer and extended overnight. Birds also foraged farther from the colony, potentially in order to reach more distant foraging grounds and allow for increased search times. These extended foraging trips were also linked to a marked decrease in fledgling weights, most likely associated with reduced rates of provisioning. Furthermore, by comparing our results with previous work on this population, it appears that lowered first-year survival rates associated, at least partially, with fledging masses were also evident for this cohort. This study integrates a unique set of prey density, predator behaviour and predator breeding investment data to highlight a possible behavioural mechanism linking perturbations in prey availability to population demography.
Pilot Performance in Trajectory-Based Operations Under Concepts of Operation That Vary Separation Responsibility Across Pilots, Air Traffic Controllers, and Automation

The Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) will revolutionize the air traffic management system in the United States. NextGen will involve human operators interacting with new technologies in a complex system, making human factors and human–computer interaction considerations a major concern. The present study reports data from a human-in-the-loop simulation that evaluated pilot performance, workload, and situation awareness under one of three plausible NextGen concepts of operation. The concepts of operation differed with respect to the allocation of separation responsibility across human pilots and air traffic controllers (ATCs), and automation. Pilots were asked to employ trajectory-based operations to perform weather avoidance maneuvers, an interval management task, and a continuous descent approach. Depending on the concept being tested, they were also given the responsibility of separation assurance (Concept 1) or received conflict resolutions from an ATC (Concept 2) or automated system (Concept 3). Overall, pilot performance on the various flight tasks was worse in Concept 3 than in Concepts 1 and 2. Although pilot workload did not differ across the three concepts, pilot situation awareness was highest in Concept 1, in which the pilots were given the most responsibilities. These findings suggest that keeping pilots engaged in separation assurance tasks may be preferable to having them rely on automation alone.
Quantitative evaluation of joint space width in femorotibial osteoarthritis: comparison of three radiographic views.

OBJECTIVE Quantitative evaluation of radiographic methods proposed to improve the detection of joint space narrowing (JSN) in femorotibial osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Thirty-two consecutive patients with knee OA and five normal controls had three different weight-bearing radiographs of the knee: (1) anteroposterior film of both knees in full extension (extended knees), (2) anteroposterior film of one knee in extension while the patient was standing on the homolateral foot (standing on homolateral foot), (3) posteroanterior film of both knees flexed at 30 degrees (schuss view). Joint space was analyzed blind using both an evaluation of JSN with a six-grade scale (JSN score) and an image analyser computer measurement of the mean joint space width (mean JSW). The medial compartment of medial femorotibial OA knees, the lateral compartment of lateral femorotibial OA knees, as well as both compartments of control knees, were measured. Extended knee and schuss views were made 1 year later in 10 patients for the evaluation of sensitivity to change. RESULTS The JSN scores +/- S.D. in schuss, standing on the homolateral foot and extended knee views were 2.75 +/- 1.31, 1.95 +/- 1.3 and 1.66 +/- 1.27, respectively. The mean JSW +/- S.D. in schuss, standing on the homolateral foot, and extended knee views were 2.9 +/- 1.9 mm, 3.5 +/- 1.6 mm and 3.8 +/- 1.5 mm, respectively. Changes in JSN scores and mean JSW with schuss view increased with OA severity. In controls, JSW of the medial compartment did not vary in the three views. JSW of the lateral compartment of controls was significantly larger in the schuss view. The change in JSW after 1 year was -0.41 mm (P = 0.02) in the schuss view and -0.17 mm (P > 0.05) in the extended knee view. CONCLUSION The schuss view is suggested as the most accurate method for the evaluation of JSW in femorotibial OA.
Outcome of Management of Distal Radius Fractures By Ligamentotaxis

Objectives : A prospective study of management of fracture distal radius by external fixator using the principle of ligamentotaxis was conducted from August 2012 to October2014 at our institute to evaluate the clinical efficacy of external fixator with ligamentotaxis in distal radius fracture reduction, fracture healing, functional recovery after surgery. Material and Methods: 33 cases of fracture dista l radius were treated with ligamentotaxis. Inclusion criteria were 1) skeletally mature individuals. 2) Patient who gave consent for this procedure.3)Closed unstable extra articular fractures. 3) Communited fractures. 4)Intra articular fractures. 5) Polytrauma with distal radius fractures. Fracture was anantomically reduced and fixed with external fixator with ligamentotaxis. Patients were evaluated based on Modified Demerit point system of Gartland and Werley. Results: With external fixation and ligamentotaxis, the result in majority of cases was excellent to good. Hence this study conclude that external fixator with ligamentotaxis is a good method of treatment in fracture distal end of radius.