Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Imperfect competition and trade liberalization under the GATS

The book contains selected papers from the First World Services Congress, a forum designed to enhance awareness of the increasingly important role of services in the global economy and to reach out to governments, the business community, international organizations, academicians, and the media. The Congress served as a vehicle for the presentation and discussion of academic research on the entire spectrum of services issues, as well as business options and issues. The volume is divided into three parts. Part 1 deals with measurement, modeling, and analysis and covers such topics as measuring productivity in services; forecasting trade in services; data needs for services negotiations; modeling the economic effects of barriers to trade in services; imperfect competition and services liberalization; multilateral and regional liberalization of services; and measurement of service sector performance. Part 2 examines the role of services in developing economies, including geographic determinants of business services location; electronic commerce; and case studies of the structure and potential for services liberalization in India, Egypt, Senegal, Kenya, and South Africa. Part 3 explores options and issues in the Services 2000 negotiations to be conducted under the auspices of the WTO, covering telecommunications policy reform; insurance services; media services; negotiating proposals for effective services liberalization; and the formation of negotiating coalitions. This chapter focuses on the Imperfect competition and trade liberalization under the GATS
BCR-ABL expression in leukemic progenitors and primitive stem cells of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia.

To the editor: Kumari and colleagues have recently reported a detailed analysis of BCR-ABL expression in CFU-Cs (colony forming units in culture) of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). [1][1] Using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR on individual Ph1 hematopoietic colonies, they
Increased expression of histone deacetylase 2 is found in human gastric cancer

Accumulated evidence has established that aberrant regulation of histone deacetylases (HDACs) is one of the major causes of the development of human malignancies. Among different iso‐enzymes of HDAC and sirtuins grouped as the HDAC super family, little is known as to how histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) causes carcinogenesis in solid tumors. Here, in order to investigate the possible role of HDAC2 in gastric carcinogenesis, we analyzed the expression of HDAC2 in 71 gastric adenocarcinomas by immunohistochemistry. Moderate to strong expression of HDAC2 was found in 44 (62%) out of a total of 71 tumors. The majority of positive tumors, which were detected in the nucleus but not in normal gastric epithelium, did not express HDAC2 or showed only weak positive staining. Interestingly, we also noted that HDAC2 expression appeared to be associated with tumor aggressiveness as HDAC2 expression was observed to be statistically significant in advanced gastric cancer (P=0.0023, Chi‐square test) and in positive lymph node metastasis (P=0.0713, Chi‐square test). Taken together, these results suggest that HDAC2 may play an important role in the aggressiveness of gastric cancer.
Loughborough University Institutional Repository Network-level accident-mapping : distance based pattern matching using arti cial neural network

The objective of an accident-mapping algorithm is to snap traffic accidents onto the correct road segments. Assigning accidents onto the correct segments facilitate to robustly carry out some key analyses in accident research including the identification of accident hot-spots, network-level risk mapping and segment-level accident risk modelling. Existing risk mapping algorithms have some severe limitations: (i) they are not easily ‘transferable’ as the algorithms are specific to given accident datasets; (ii) they do not perform well in all road-network environments such as in areas of dense road network; and (iii) the methods used do not perform well in addressing inaccuracies inherent in and type of road environment. The purpose of this paper is to develop a new accident mapping algorithm based on the common variables observed in most accident databases (e.g. road name and type, direction of vehicle movement before the accident and recorded accident location). The challenges here are to: (i) develop a method that takes into account uncertainties inherent to the recorded traffic accident data and the underlying digital road network data, (ii) accurately determine the type and proportion of inaccuracies, and (iii) develop a robust algorithm that can be adapted for any accident set and road network of varying complexity. In order to overcome these challenges, a distance based pattern-matching approach is used to identify the correct road segment. This is based on vectors containing feature values that are common in the accident data and the network data. Since each feature does not contribute equally towards the identification of the correct road segments, an ANN approach using the single-layer perceptron is used to assist in “learning” the relative importance of each feature in the distance calculation and hence the correct link identification. The performance of the developed algorithm was evaluated based on a reference accident dataset from the UK confirming that the accuracy is much better than other methods. Crown Copyright © 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Automatic device-tailored evaluation of mobile web guidelines

Mobile web guidelines aim at providing developers with guidance to develop web content suitable for mobile devices. Automatic guideline review tools help evaluating conformance with respect to these guidelines in a systematic way. Yet, a number of mobile web guidelines refer to specific device features such as screen size, support for particular picture formats or support for pointing device. Since mobile devices are very diverse, in order to address the greater number of devices, guidelines adopt a device profile that may be considered as the common denominator device which is able to provide a satisfactory experience. While this approach is useful to define guidelines and make them more understandable, it introduces critical inaccuracies that make tool effectiveness decrease. This paper presents an application that considers specific device features in the evaluation process to produce device-tailored reports. As a result, higher rates of evaluation tool completeness, correctness and specificity are obtained.
Mitomycin C Reduces Corneal Light Scattering After Excimer Keratectomy

Purpose. To evaluate the effect of intraoperative mitomycin C (MMC) on corneal light scattering after excimer laser keratectomy. Methods. Phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) was performed in 24 rabbit eyes. After 40-&mgr;m epithelial ablation, animals were divided into three groups. In group 1, filter paper discs soaked with MMC (group 1A, 0.5 mg/mL; group 1B, 0.25 mg/ml) were applied for 1 minute. In group 2, annular filter papers soaked with MMC (group 2A, 0.5 mg/mL; group 2B, 0.25 mg/mL) were applied for 1 minute. Controls received vehicle only (group 3). Six-millimeter diameter 100-&mgr;m deep PTK was performed. Corneal light scattering was measured weekly from 1 to 6 weeks, at 10 weeks, and at 8 and 13 months using a scatterometer. A corneal light scattering index (SI) ranging from 0 to 10 was calculated; SI of 1 represents normal scattering. Results. A statistically significant decrease in mean SI was noted in group 2A (annular MMC 0.5 mg/mL;p < 0.05) as compared with the control group at 2 weeks. At 10 weeks, SI approached baseline levels in group 2 and the control group but showed significant increase in group 1 (MMC disc;p < 0.05). At 8 and 13 months, SI showed no statistical differences between groups. Conclusions. Controlled application of 0.5 mg/mL MMC in the corneal midperiphery transiently reduces corneal light scattering after excimer keratectomy in this rabbit model.
Solutions of inverter systems in Shore-to-Ship Power supply systems

The article presents a clearly formulated need for installing S2SP (Shore to Ship Power) systems, in particular Medium Voltage (MV) systems, along with certain solutions of modern inverter systems used in those systems. Requirements and basic configurations of S2SP systems are discussed, focusing in particular on capabilities of the S2SP system with DC distribution busbar. Moreover, on the background of the executing assumptions for such a system, selected results of simulation tests are presented for the case of power supply from the 6,6/11 kV network.
The Development Of A Management Information System For Identifying And Managing Corporate Image

The process of identifying an organisation’s corporate image is complex and multi-faceted, and the need for a dedicated system to collect, analyse and disseminate the required information was identified. This paper will summarise a doctoral thesis on the development and testing of an innovative management information system specifically developed to identify an organisation’s corporate image. The system is based on the collection, processing and dissemination of primary data with regard to three key image perspectives - the self image, the projected image, and the perceived image of the organisation. Each image perspective is examined as a series of sub-components or facets. For example, image relating to environmental management and risk management can be analysed as individual factors. The system then identifies degrees of positive and negative congruence between the three image perspectives. Through a graphical interface, each component is illustrated and a holistic corporate image is constructed. Ths then supports the organisational decisions required to optimise strategy.
The Association between Stock/Compensation Mix and Earnings Usefulness

Management incentives have been suggested as a factor affecting the usefulness of reported earnings for readers of financial statements. Prior research has demonstrated that the quality of earnings has been associated with levels of managerial ownership (Warfield, Wild and Wild (1995)), audit quality using Australian data (Gul, Lynn, and Tsui (2002), and compensation mix in 0%-5% manager owned firms (Behn, Nagy, and Riley (2000). We extend this line of research by theoretically demonstrating and empirically examining whether companies, with any level of stock ownership, can use higher levels of stock remuneration relative to annual salary and bonus compensation to enhance the informativeness of accounting information. We proxy for earnings informativeness by using the earnings-returns relationship and three different earnings management techniques: discretionary accruals, R&D investments and advertising expenditures. By using a more precise and theoretically derived stock compensation ratio on a sample of all publicly traded firms and using different measures of earnings management techniques, we provide additional, more robust, empirical evidence that the stock compensation ratio (SCR), not just ownership levels, can improve the informativeness of earnings. Our findings suggest that higher levels of the SCR are associated with improvements in the usefulness of earnings and with reductions in the magnitude of discretionary accrual adjustments, advertising expenditures, and to a lesser extent, research and development investments. This study contributes to the extant managerial compensation and earnings quality literature by enhancing our understanding of the financial disclosure environment by providing empirical evidence for specific factors that improve the usefulness of earnings disclosures.
Cancer Therapy : Preclinical STAT 3 Mediates Regorafenib-Induced Apoptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Purpose: Here, we aim to investigate the molecular mechanism of regorafenib and verify the potential druggable target for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Experimental Design: HCC cell lines (PLC5, HepG2, Hep3B, SK-Hep1, and HA59T) were used to investigate the in vitro effect of regorafenib. Phosphatase activity was analyzed in HCC cells and purified SHP-1 proteins. PLC5-bearing mice were used to test the therapeutic efficiency of 20 and 40 mg/kg/d treatmentwith regorafenib (n 8mice). The clinical relevance of STAT3 signalingwas investigatedwith 142 tumor samples from different patients with HCC. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to compare the baseline characteristics of patients and the expression of p-STAT3. Results: Regorafenib inhibited STAT3-related signaling in a dose-dependent manner and was a more potent inhibitor of STAT3 than sorafenib. Regorafenib increased SHP-1 phosphatase activity in purified SHP-1 protein directly. N-SH2 domain deletion and D61A mutants mimicking open-form SHP-1 partially abolished regorafenib-induced STAT3 inhibition and apoptosis. Importantly, a higher level of expression of STAT3 was found in patients with advanced clinical stages (P1⁄4 0.009) and poorly differentiated tumors (P 1⁄4 0.035). Conclusions: Regorafenib induced significant tumor inhibition by relieving the autoinhibited N-SH2 domain of SHP-1 directly and inhibiting p-STAT3 signals. STAT3 may be suitable as a prognostic marker of HCC development, andmay be a druggable target for HCC-targeted therapy using regorafenib. Clin Cancer Res; 20(22); 5768–76. 2014 AACR.
K-Release Inventory Model in Manpower Planning

A deterministic inventory model is developed to investigate the optimum number of persons to be trained by the organization; here we assume the replenishment rate is infinite with no shortages. In our model, we consider an organization with two centres; one is the training centre for the beginners and the other for the experienced which is treated as inventory house. Our aim is to obtain the optimal number of recruits Q for the organization and the optimal number of K employees trained and sent from the training centre to inventory house. The solution of the model is illustrated with the help of sensitivity analysis on the optimal average cost and the batch width. Also the effect of change in demand parameter on the optimal average cost is graphically presented.
The Effect on Road Safety of a Modal Shift From Car to Bicycle

Objective: To describe and apply a method to assess the effect on road safety of a modal shift from cars to bicycles. Method: Ten percent of all car trips shorter than 7.5 km were assumed to be replaced by bicycle trips. Single-vehicle and multivehicle crashes involving cars and/or bicycles were considered. The safety of car occupants and cyclists was taken into account as well as the safety of other road users involved in such crashes. The computations were carried out by age and gender. Assuming constant risk (casualties per distance traveled), the expected number of accidents is proportional to the mobility shift. Several types of risk were considered: the risk of being injured as a car driver or cyclist and the risk of being involved as a car driver or cyclist in a crash in which another road user is injured. Results: The results indicated that the total gain of the modal shift was negative for fatalities, which means that there was a net increase in the number of fatalities. The modal shift was advantageous for young drivers and disadvantageous for elderly drivers. In addition, it was more positive for males than for females. The turning point was around the age of 35. For hospitalized casualties, due to the strong influence of the many hospitalized cyclists in nonmotorized vehicle crashes, there was a strong negative overall effect, and the modal shift resulted in a positive effect for 18- and 19-year-old males only. Overall, a small increase (up to 1%) in the number of cyclist fatalities and a greater increase of 3.5 percent in the number of inpatients was expected. The increase in casualties was mainly due to the proportion of single-vehicle bicycle crashes with serious injuries in relation to the total number of injured cyclists. The effect of the modal shift was shown to depend on age and gender, resulting in fewer casualties for younger drivers and for women. Conclusions: It is possible to provide a first approximation of the effect on road safety of a mobility shift from cars to bicycles. This approximation indicates that, in general, road safety does not benefit from this modal shift. The effect differs for gender and age groups. Elderly drivers are safer inside a car than on a bicycle. For the number of hospitalized casualties, the modal shift increases the number of casualties for practically all ages and both genders.
Free water in hair keratin? a depolarization thermal‐current study

In the keratin structure, the presence of water having the usual properties of “bulk water” has been discussed for many years. Results of experiments designed to study this question are conflicting and thus do not allow a precise idea of the state of water molecules in keratin at high hydration. A recent depolarization thermal‐current (DTC) study gave good evidence for the presence of a well‐defined DTC peak in the depolarization spectrum of ice. Initially, we verified the exact characteristics of this particular peak under our own experimental conditions. Subsequently, we looked for and found this ice peak in keratin samples. It appears when the water content is 19% or greater. The meaning of this result is discussed in relation to the other experimental results reported in the literature dealing with this question.
Influence of coworker turnover on stayer turnover intention in the internet industry: The mechanism of job satisfaction and self-perceived employability

Based on the unfolding model of voluntary employee turnover, this paper has investigated the influence of coworker turnover (CT) on stayer turnover intention (TI), the mediating effect of job satisfaction (JS) and the moderating effect of Self-perceived Employability (SPE) for stayer. Data has been collected from 259 employees came from 21 regions. By using hierarchical regression and bootstrapping, it was found that SPE moderated the effect of stayer's job embeddedness (SJE) on JS. When Self-perceived internal employability (SPIE) is higher, the positive effect between SJE and JS become stronger. When Self-perceived external employability (SPEE) is higher, the positive effect between SJE and JS become weaker. Moreover, it was proved that JS has mediating effect between stayer perceived similarity (SPS) and SJE.
Effective Implementation in Practice: Integrating Public Policy and Management

Effective Implementation in Practice: Integrating Public Policy and Management presents an instrumental approach to implementation analysis. By spanningpolicy fields, organizations, and frontline conditions in implementation systems, this book provides a robust foundation for policy makers, public and nonprofit managers and leaders. Detailed case studies enable readers to identify key intervention points, become more strategic, and improve outcomes. The engaging style and specific examples provide a bridge to practice, while diagrams, worksheets, and other tools included in the appendix help managers apply these ideas to team meetings, operational planning, and program assessment and refinement.
“Ethnocentricity” in top journals of services management

Purpose – The objective is to describe the “ethnocentricity” (i.e. geographical affiliation of editor(s), editorial board(s), editorial review board(s) and author(s)) of selected journals in services management.Design/methodology/approach – The sample is restricted to the examination and comparison of five top journals in services management during a six‐year period. In total, the content analysis consisted of 1,189 articles.Findings – The authors contend that there is in part a troublesome and challenging “ethnocentricity” in some of the examined journals.Research limitations/implications – The impact of “ethnocentricity” is underestimated in the examinations of academic journals in the field of services management. It is an important issue that needs to be raised and discussed in literature, due to the paradigmatic influences that it may have on the journal and its characteristics – in extension, the journal ranking and the journal quality.Practical implications – The authors provide some suggestions, a.
R&D Paradigm Shift and Billion‐Dollar Biologics

R&D success has been linked to the development and creation of billion-dollar human medication. The blockbuster drugs are the main driver of industrial R&D and contribute a major share of the total pharmaceutical sales, profits, and market value of the successful companies. This article describes successes and failures of biotechnology R&D, criteria for blockbuster brands, global sales of biologics blockbuster brands, changing regulations, cost constraints, public-private partnership to deliver and develop low-cost treatments for tropical diseases, and information resources for biologics. Keywords: research and development; productivity; pharmaceuticals; biotechnology
Fluid Dynamics and Transport of Droplets and Sprays

1. Introduction 2. Isolated spherically symmetric droplet vaporization and heating 3. Convective droplet vaporization, heating, and acceleration 4. Multicomponent liquid droplets 5. Droplet behavior at near-critical, transcritical, and supercritical conditions 6. Droplet arrays and groups 7. Spray equations 8. Computational issues 9. Spray applications 10. Spray interactions with turbulence and vortical structures 11. Film vaporization 12. Stability of liquid streams.
Estimated burden of paediatric obesity and co-morbidities in Europe. Part 1. The increase in the prevalence of child obesity in Europe is itself increasing.

OBJECTIVES Surveys have shown the prevalence of overweight among school age children to be as high as 35% in parts of Europe, and several countries have reported prevalence rates increasing year-on-year. The purpose of the present paper is to review the rate of change in prevalence of overweight and obesity among children in the European region. METHODS A search of published and unpublished surveys was undertaken to find pairs of surveys that could indicate rates of change of prevalence within comparable population groups using comparable measures. Data from 45 pairs of surveys from 11 countries were analysed. RESULTS Annual increases in prevalence of overweight (including obesity) rose from typically below 0.5 percentage points in the 1980s, to over 1.0 percentage points in the late 1990s. For obesity alone, the annual increase in prevalence was typically below 0.1 percentage points in the 1980s and typically 0.3 percentage points in the late 1990s. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children is rising in the European region, and the annualised rates of increase are themselves increasing. Unless action is taken to counteract these trends, by the year 2010 the European Union can expect to see the numbers of overweight and obese children rising by approximately 1.3 million children per year, of which the numbers of obese children will be rising by over 0.3 million per year.