Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
An overview on early childhood caries: A literature review

Background: Early childhood caries is highly prevalent in preschool children in many countries. This has been attributed to many factors. The awareness about the disease, dentition, oral health, and preventive measures are generally lacking in communities. Objective: Reviewing the current literature on early childhood dental caries, clinical features, etiological factors, management, and prevention. Methodology: PubMed database was used for articles selection, and the following keys used in the mesh (“Early Childhood Caries” [Mesh] AND “Diagnosis” [Mesh] AND “Management” [Mesh]). Review: In children, there are many risks for teeth decay and most notably of those are infectious causes, poor dietary style and excessive sugar intake. The diagnosis of early childhood caries is a clinical one where the affected teeth are recognized by their dull white enamel. This clinical sign is a manifestation of demineralization after repetitive damage by bacteria, sugar and acidity. Conclusion: Management of dental caries are central to clinical dental practice. It is, therefore, necessary to understand the condition and what could be done to prevent its occurrence or progression.
A distributed optimal power management system for microgrids with plug&play capabilities

In this article we consider the problem of managing the power flow among different components of a microgrid while ensuring that the demands of all loads are satisfied. In order to address this problem, we propose a distributed scheme where only one sensor (for each subgrid in the microgrid) broadcasts a single scalar variable though a wireless communication network (e.g., WiFi, ZigBee, cellular communication network). More precisely, in the proposed scheme each generation/storage subsystem is able to adjust its operating set‐point only making use of the feedback from the sensors. This architecture provides the system with plug&play capabilities. Interestingly enough, the proposed scheme provides the optimal power flow for the whole microgrid without any information on the demanded load. In this article we apply the proposed approach to hybrid ac/dc microgrids; however, the scheme is general and can be applied to any type of microgrid. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is evaluated through extensive simulations and compared with a centralized optimal strategy.
Novel active magnetorheological knee prosthesis presents low energy consumption during ground walking

This study analyses the energy consumption of an active magnetorheological knee (AMRK) actuator that was designed for transfemoral prostheses. The system was developed as an operational motor unit (MU), which consists of an EC motor, a harmonic drive and a magnetorheological (MR) clutch, that operates in parallel with an MR brake. The dynamic models of the MR brake and MU were used to simulate the system’s energetic expenditure during over-ground walking under three different working conditions: using the complete AMRK; using just its motor-reducer, to operate as a common active knee prosthesis (CAKP), and using just the MR brake, to operate as a common semi-active knee prosthesis (CSAKP). The results are used to compare the MR devices power consumptions with that of the motor-reducer. As previously hypothesized, to use the MR brake in the swing phase is more energetically efficient than using the motor-reducer to drive the joint. Even if using the motor-reducer in regenerative braking mode during the stance phase, the differences in power consumption among the systems are remarkable. The AMRK expended 16.3 J during a gait cycle, which was 1.6 times less than the energy expenditure of the CAKP (26.6 J), whereas the CSAKP required just 6.0 J.
National guidelines for gene therapy product (2019): A road-map to gene therapy products development and clinical trials

The “National Guidelines for Gene Therapy Product (GTP) Development and Clinical Trials” prepared by the Indian Council of Medical Research and Department of Biotechnology in 2019 came as a welcome step in the process of regulation of gene therapy research, as there was a lack of Indian guidelines earlier specific to gene therapy. Indian researchers have taken their step in setting the path of gene therapy research, and this guideline serves to provide the standards starting from its development up to translation to new drug including the ethical, scientific, and regulatory requirements to be followed during the conduct of trial. The Indian guidelines were framed with reference to United States-Food and Drug Administration and European Union guidelines on gene therapy. It is the responsibility of all the stakeholders involved in the development of GTP to adhere to the national guidelines. This review provides an outline of the Indian regulatory guidelines on GTP.
The Application of Blockchain Technology in Equity Incentive

With the advent of the blockchain era, employee incentives need to open up new ideas. The application of blockchain technology can promote the advantages of traditional equity incentive schemes and avoid weaknesses. Although there is still no mature ESOP on-chain solution on the market, and ESOP onchain still needs to consider a series of legal issues. The combination of equity incentives and blockchain technology is feasible. Due to the consensus mechanism of blockchain technology, grant and exercise information is recorded at each node on the chain. The implementation of the plan will be open and transparent throughout the process, avoiding the possibility of dark box operations. This is conducive to enhancing the credibility of the enterprise and enhancing employees’ trust in the enterprise, which can really play an incentive role.
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS): towards the development of a clinic-friendly method for the evaluation of excitatory and inhibitory pain mechanisms

ABSTRACT Background: Temporal summation and conditioned pain modulation (CPM) can be measured using a thermode and cold pressor test (CPTest). Unfortunately, these complex and expensive tools are ill-suited for routine clinical assessments. Aims: We aimed to compare the temporal summation and CPM obtained with the thermode + CPTest paradigm to those obtained with a novel paradigm using transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). Methods: We assessed temporal summation and CPM in 29 healthy participants, using two paradigms (random order): TENS, and thermode + CPTest. In the TENS paradigm, both the conditioning stimulus (CS) and the test stimulus (TS) were delivered using TENS; in the thermode + CPTest paradigm, the CS consisted of a CPTest and the TS was delivered using a thermode. We compared the average temporal summation and CPM evoked by the two paradigms. Results: Average temporal summation was similar for both modalities (P = 0.90), and the number of participants showing temporal summation was similar in both paradigms (19 with thermode vs. 18 with TENS; P = 1.00). Average CPM response was larger following the thermode + CPTest than following the TENS (P = 0.005), and more participants showed CPM with the thermode + CPTest paradigm compared to the TENS paradigm (24 vs. 14; P = 0.01). Conclusions: Both paradigms were roughly equivalent in the ability to evoke temporal summation (although response to one modality did not predict response to the other), but the TENS paradigm appeared to be less apt to induce a CPM response than the thermode + CPTest paradigm.
8 – Soy proteins

: Consumed for centuries in East Asia, soybeans have recently become popular in Western markets for the health benefits of their storage proteins, particularly due to the claim that they help reduce the risk of heart disease. This chapter investigates these storage proteins, which mainly consist of β-conglycinin and glycinin, and discusses their molecular structures, functions, relationships and subunits. The physicochemical properties and physiological functions of soy proteins as a food ingredient are examined and their nutritive value are investigated. Methods of improving soybean functionality and flavour through conventional breeding and genetic engineering are also considered.
Motion-Based Activities Monitoring through Biometric Sensors Using Genetic Algorithm

Sensors and physical activity evaluation are quite limited for motionbased commercial devices. Sometimes the accelerometer of the smartwatch is utilized; walking is investigated. The combination can perform better in terms of sensors and that can be determined by sensors on both the smartwatch and phones, i.e., accelerometer and gyroscope. For biometric efficiency, some of the diverse activities of daily routine have been evaluated, also with biometric authentication. The result shows that using the different computing techniques in phones and watch for biometric can provide a suitable output based on the mentioned activities. This indicates that the high feasibility and results of continuous biometrics analysis in terms of average daily routine activities. In this research, the set of rules with the real-valued attributes are evolved with the use of a genetic algorithm. With the help of real value genes, the real value attributes cab be encoded, and presentation of new methods which are represents not to cares in the rules. The rule sets which help in maximizing the number of accurate classifications of inputs and supervise classifications are viewed as an optimization problem. The use of Pitt approach to the ML (Machine Learning) and Genetic based system that includes a resolution mechanism among rules that are competing within the same rule sets is utilized. This enhances the efficiency of the overall system, as shown in the research.
1 Island tourism carrying capacity in the UNESCO Site Laurisilva of Madeira

The Laurisilva of Madeira is an important natural resource as well as a location for nature-based tourism and recreational activities. Despite UNESCO’s concerns and recommendations for assessing tourism capacity, the local population is perceived as overusing this resource; yet precisely how many tourists visit its most popular areas remains unknown. Tourism carrying capacity (TCC) was assessed on two Rabaçal trails using a specific formulation relating physical aspects to environmental correction factors. Tourism carrying capacity was found to be below theoretical limits, and trail access was not restricted despite being a major concern in natural resource management.
The good, the bad, and the ugly: impact of analytics and artificial intelligence-enabled personal information collection on privacy and participation in ridesharing

ABSTRACT Big data analytics (BDA) and artificial intelligence (AI) may provide both bright and dark sides that may affect user participation in ridesharing. We do not know whether the juxtaposed sides of these IT artefacts influence users’ cognitive appraisals, and if so, to what extent will their participative behaviour be affected. This paper contributes to the IS research by uncovering the interplay between the dark and bright sides of BDA and AI and the underlying mechanisms of cognitive appraisals for user behaviour in ridesharing. We performed two phases of the study using mixed-methods. In the first study, we conduct 21 semi-structured interviews to develop the research model. The second study empirically validated the research model using survey data of 332 passengers. We find that the usage of BDA and AI on ridesharing platforms have a bright side (usefulness, “the good”) but also a dark side (uncertainty and invasion of privacy, “the bad and the ugly”). The bright side generates perceived benefits, and the dark side shape perceived risks in users, which discount the risks from the benefits of using the ridesharing platform. Privacy control exerts a positive effect on the perceived benefits to encourage individuals to use the ridesharing platform.
Dynamics of coworking growth in the real estate market under digitalization

The pandemic has affected many sectors of the economy in Russia and the world, and has affected the commercial real estate market. In this situation, approaches to the organization of office space are changing. Currently, the segment of co-working centers is gradually becoming a full-fledged player in the commercial real estate market. The purpose of the study is to analyze the co-working market, forecast growth rates for the coming years and identify development trends. Research objectives: to analyze co-working centers in St. Petersburg; - Build a forecast of the number of co-working centers and identify new trends in the development of co-working spaces in a pandemic. The study used the following methods: descriptions, comparisons, analogies and generalizations, analysis and synthesis, modeling. Based on the data on the growth rates of co-working centers in St. Petersburg, a model for the growth of their number has been built. The research results will make it possible to forecast the development of the co-working center market in the near future.
The Impact of Financial Report Inquiry on Financial Restatement

This article takes the financial restatement of listed companies as the searching point, test the regulatory effect of the financial report inquiry letter issued by the stock exchange. The research shows that: listed companies that received the inquiry letter were more likely to have financial misstatements and financial restatements. In order to ensure the robustness of the research conclusions, we conducted PSM on the inquiried company and non_inquiried company. The conclusion still holds. Using property rights and analyst tracking as the adjustment variables, we found that state-owned companies and more analyst tracking companies will strengthen the positive correlation between inquiries and financial restatements.
THYMOL TEMPERS As (III) AND Hg (II) CAUSED HYPERCONTRACTILITY BY SIMILAR PATHWAYS IN ISOLATED AORTIC AND TRACHEAL RINGS

Objective: Thymol is known to cause smooth muscle relaxation, possibly by inhibition of Ca 2+ influx, release or loss of its sensitivity. It is, however, also reported to be a strong antioxidant in several other systems. In this study, we investigate other possible pathways of thymol caused relaxation of aortic and tracheal segments by using specific blockers, and explore it as potential ameliorator of arsenic and mercury caused hyper contraction. Methods: Male Wistar rats were used in all experiments. Aorta/trachea was carefully removed, cleaned, and cut into 2-mm thick rings. Isometric contractions were measured using organ bath system. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student’s t -test were used for statistical analyses. P< 0.05 was considered significant. Results : In pollutant unexposed aortic and tracheal segments, thymol is found to inhibit contractions through quenching of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in addition to its previously reported effects on Ca 2+ movements. Equal effectiveness in absence and presence of N G -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) indicates that nitric oxide (NO) has no significant role in the thymol caused relaxation. Conclusion: In both muscle types, thymol is found to be an effective ameliorator of As (III) and Hg (II) caused hyper contraction, at low concentrations; it acts by inhibiting the Ca 2+ influx whereas at high concentration, it acts by blocking Ca 2+ influx and neutralizing ROS.
Development and Cross-Validation of a Simple Model to Estimate Percent Body Fat in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis.

Background Persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) have higher body composition variability compared with the general population. Monitoring body composition requires accurate methods for estimating percent body fat (%BF). We developed and cross-validated an equation for estimating %BF from body mass index (BMI) and sex in persons with MS. Methods Seventy-seven adults with MS represented the sample for the equation development. A separate sample of 33 adults with MS permitted the equation cross-validation. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) provided the criterion %BF. Results The model including BMI and sex (mean ± SD age: women, 49.2 ± 8.8 years; men, 48.6 ± 9.8 years) had high predictive ability for estimating %BF (P < .001, R2 = 0.77, standard error of estimate = 4.06%). Age, MS type, Patient-Determined Disease Steps score, and MS duration did not improve the model. The equation was %BF = 3.168 + (0.895 × BMI) - (10.191 × sex); sex, 0 = woman; 1 = man. The equation was cross-validated in the separate sample (age: women, 48.4 ± 9.4 years; men, 43.8 ± 15.4 years) based on high accuracy as indicated by strong association (r = 0.89, P < .001), nonsignificant difference (mean: 0.2%, P > .05), small absolute error (mean: 2.7%), root mean square error (3.5%), and small differences and no bias in Bland-Altman analysis (mean difference: 0.2%, 95% CI: -6.98 to 6.55, rs = -0.07, P = .702) between DXA-determined and equation-estimated %BF. Conclusions Health care providers can use this developed and cross-validated equation for estimating adiposity in persons with MS when DXA is unavailable.
Manager’s ability, wage minimum policy, and firm size on firm performance: An empirical analysis in the real estate and construction sector

Article history: Received: December 10, 2020 Received in revised format: January 3 2021 Accepted: January 8, 2021 Available online: January 8, 2021 The real estate and construction industry have significantly played a particularly important role in economic development in each economy. In the case of Vietnam, the real estate and construction industry have greatly contributed a large proportion to the gross domestic product (GDP) growth with a sustainable annual growth. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of manager’s ability, wage minimum policy, and firm size on firm performance. Using 220 real estate and construction firms in the case of Vietnam, results depict that a greater ability of managers in the real estate and construction sector will significantly enhance the efficiency of businesses. In addition, a larger firm can reach a higher firm efficiency while the efficiency of the real estate and construction firms is not impacted by changes of wage minimum policy. © 2021 by the authors; licensee Growing Science, Canada
Prediction and Modeling of Spectrum Occupancy for Dynamic Spectrum Access Systems

In a dynamic spectrum allocation (DSA) system, reliable prediction of spectrum occupancy based on a spectrum consumption model (SCM) is critical for system design, performance analysis, and evaluation. In this article, we focus on a low-level abstracted measured dataset from a massive campaign and investigate the occupancy of representative frequency bands. First, we apply an autoregressive-moving-average (ARMA) model combined with a low-pass filter, given the stationarity of the channel measurement dataset and thanks to the computational simplicity of the model. The average received power and off-state probability are extracted from the measured data. According to the results, the measured and predicted data are in good agreement. Comparing the proposed model-based ARMA with the popular long short-term memory learning algorithm, they have similar error accuracy with pre-processed data, while ARMA has a much lower training complexity. In the second step, we develop an SCM describing the spectrum usage for designing and examining the DSA system. We extract the periodic, aperiodic low-frequency, and burst components of the time series. Also, a binary sequence is extracted from a sparse occupancy channel, and modelled by a non-homogeneous Markov chain. Results show that the model-generated data can maintain the same statistics as the measured data.
Über die Abhängigkeit des Schmelzpunktes von der Oberflächenenergie eines festen Körpers

Es kann jeder physische Körper nur in dem Falle ganz gleichteilig (homogen) sein, wenn er von unendlich grossen Dimensionen und ohne Berührungsgrenzen mit andern Körpern und Mitteln gedacht wird. Da die Berührungsgrenze als Ursache der entstehenden Grenzeinwirkungen erscheint, welche die Energie der sich berührenden Hülleu und Schichten verändern, so darf kein real existierender Körper als vollkommen gleichartig betrachtet werden. Diese Ungleichartigkeit, welche durch die vorhandene Differenz zwischen der Oberflächenenergie und der Energie der iiinern Massen bedingt wird, äussert sich zweifellos an den physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften des ganzen Körpers. Nehmen wir an, dass die Energie der Flächeneinheit von der Flächengrösse nicht abhängt, so verändert sich die Oberflächenenergie der gegebenen Körpermasse proportional der Fläche des Körpers; dieselbe nimmt z. B. zu mit der Zerstücklung des Körpers in immer kleinere Teile. Hieraus ist zu ersehen, dass die physikalisch-chemischen Eigenschaften der Körner verschiedener Grösse irgend einer Substanz nicht identisch sind, und dass eine Untersuchung über den Zusammenhang zwischen der Oberflächenenergie und den physisch-chemischen Eigenschaften der Körper auf die Ermittlung der Konstanten von Körnern verschiedener Grösse zurückzuführen ist Seit dem Erscheinen der theoretischen Untersuchungen von Gibbs gehören die dargelegten Gedanken zu den Bestandteilen des wissenschaftlichen Denkens und fanden ihren Ausdruck in vielen experimentellen Arbeiten. Durch die Arbeiten von Ost wald), Hulet t) , Mittasch) ,
Public appointments as a tool for public governance: a systematic literature review

The purpose of this paper is to review previous research on public appointments to systematize existing knowledge, identify gaps and discuss implications for future research in this field. ,This paper is based on a systematic literature review, carried out using the Scopus database. We selected academic articles published in journals ranked in the 2018 CABS Academic Journal Guide plus public administration articles in journals classified by Google as falling within the areas of public policy and administration. The papers were analysed according to four categories: geographical area, theoretical framework, research method and organizational setting. ,Results show the lack of research regarding areas like Latin America or East Asia; from a theoretical viewpoint, given the lack of explicit theoretical approaches, future research should have more formal and clear theoretical frameworks. Moreover, given the dominance of case study and review/reflection studies, alternative research methods, such as surveys or mixed methods are suggested for future works. ,We identify a new research agenda to revive the focus on public appointments as a tool for intra- and inter-organizational governance in the public sector. Specifically, we argue that how the process of public appointments is managed has huge democratic implications, and public managers have a key role to play in that respect by designing effective governance systems and organizational procedures. The selection of papers has been limited to articles published in peer- review journals ranked in the 2018 CABS Guide; no distinctions have been made regarding journals' positioning in the ranking. Moreover, this work takes a managerial and organizational approach, while the research on public appointments is clearly interdisciplinary, with previous contributions coming mainly from political scientists. ,Despite the relevant body of literature on this topic, this study represents the first manuscript to summarize the state of the art of this theme, providing a research agenda on this very relevant but quite neglected issue in public governance.