Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
New Proposal for MCML Based Three-Input Logic Implementation

This paper presents a new proposal for three-input logic function implementation in MOS current mode logic (MCML) style. The conventional realization of such logic employs three levels of stacked source-coupled transistor pairs. It puts restriction on minimum power supply requirement and results in increased static power. The new proposal presents a circuit element named as quad-tail cell which reduces number of stacked source-coupled transistor levels by two. A three-input exclusive-OR (XOR) gate, a vital element in digital system design, is chosen to elaborate the approach. Its behavior is analyzed and SPICE simulations using TSMC 180 nm CMOS technology parameters are included to support the theoretical concept. The performance of the proposed circuit is compared with its counterparts based on CMOS complementary pass transistor logic, conventional MCML, and cascading of existing two input tripple-tail XOR cells and applying triple-tail concept in conventional MCML topology. It is found that the proposed XOR gate performs best in terms of most of the performance parameters. The sensitivity of the proposed XOR gate towards process variation shows a variation of 1.54 between the best and worst case. As an extension, a realization of 4 : 1 multiplexer has also been included.
MECHANISM OF THE INDIRECT SYMPATHOMIMETIC EFFECT OF 5‐HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE ON THE ISOLATED HEART OF THE RABBIT

1 Rabbit isolated hearts, perfused by the Langendorff technique, were used to investigate the indirect sympathomimetic effects of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT). Comparisons were made with noradrenaline and with two indirectly acting sympathomimetic agents with entirely different mechanisms of action, tyramine and dimethylphenylpiperazinium (DMPP). 2 The cardiac stimulant effects of 5‐HT, tyramine and DMPP were inhibited by propranolol and practolol and the pA2 values obtained were similar to those obtained with noradrenaline as the agonist. 3 Responses to 5‐HT, tyramine and DMPP were greatly reduced on hearts from rabbits pretreated with 6‐hydroxydopamine. Such hearts had less than 7% of their normal catecholamine concentration and no fluorescence characteristic of noradrenaline in the cardiac sympathetic nerves could be demonstrated. 4 Rapid, reversible and selective tachyphylaxis to 5‐HT was demonstrated during perfusion with 5‐HT. In hearts desensitized to DMPP by perfusion with DMPP, responses to 5‐HT were also reduced. 5 Perfusion of hearts with colchicine inhibited stimulant responses to 5‐HT and DMPP but had little effect on responses to noradrenaline or tyramine. 6 Desmethylimipramine enhanced cardiac stimulant responses to noradrenaline and to a lesser extent, those to 5‐HT and DMPP. Responses to tyramine were consistently inhibited by desmethylimipramine. 7 Tetrodotoxin abolished responses of the heart to electrical nerve stimulation but left responses to noradrenaline, 5‐HT and DMPP unaffected. 8 5‐HT, tyramine and DMPP evoked 3H‐release from hearts whose neuronal noradrenaline stores had been labelled by perfusion with [3H]‐(–)‐noradrenaline. The pattern of release evoked by 5‐HT was similar to that of DMPP but differed from that of tyramine. 9 Reducing the calcium concentration in the Tyrode solution from 3.6 to 0.2 mEq/1 did not affect 3H‐overflow after tyramine but greatly inhibited that evoked by 5‐HT and DMPP. 10 The results confirm that the stimulant effects of 5‐HT on the rabbit isolated heart are the result of noradrenaline release. They further suggest that the site of the release is the terminal sympathetic nerve network. The mechanism of release shows more similarities to that of DMPP (calcium‐dependent depolarization and exocytosis) than to that of tyramine (neuronal uptake and stoichiometric displacement).
Evaluation of an Isothermal Signal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Patient-Screening Swabs

ABSTRACT A new molecular assay (CytAMP) utilizing isothermal signal-mediated amplification of RNA was evaluated for rapid detection of methicillin (oxacillin)-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The assay targeted the coa (coagulase) and mecA genes, thereby simultaneously identifying S. aureus and methicillin (oxacillin) resistance. Results were obtained in approximately 3.5 h as a color signal in 96-well microtiter plates. The detection limit was between 2 × 105 and 106 CFU/assay, equivalent to 4 × 106 to 2 × 107 CFU/ml in an overnight broth. This level of growth was obtained with an initial inoculum of 10 to 50 CFU. The CytAMP assay and a mecA-femB PCR assay both detected 113 MRSA strains among 396 clinical isolates of bacteria (CytAMP sensitivity and specificity were both 100% relative to those of PCR). Conventional culture detected 109 MRSA strains, but with 19 false-positive and 23 false-negative results relative to both molecular methods. Discrepancies were also observed for 100 enrichment broths containing MRSA screening swabs, with 11 broths culture negative but PCR positive. CytAMP and PCR were more in agreement, but six broths were CytAMP negative and PCR positive. Five of these contained 102 to 105 CFU/assay (below the CytAMP detection limit of 2 × 105 CFU/assay), and the sixth contained 106 CFU/assay. Overall, culture and CytAMP had similar sensitivities and specificities relative to those of PCR, but the CytAMP assay enabled swabs to be analyzed as a batch following overnight incubation in enrichment broth, with results reported before 12 noon the next day.
Indistinguishability and Energy Sensitivity of Asymptotically Gaussian Compressed Encryption

The principle of compressed sensing (CS) can be applied in a cryptosystem by providing the notion of security. In information-theoretic sense, it is known that a CS-based cryptosystem can be perfectly secure if it employs a random Gaussian sensing matrix updated at each encryption and its plaintext has constant energy. In this paper, we propose a new CS-based cryptosystem that employs a secret bipolar keystream and a public unitary matrix, which can be suitable for practical implementation by generating and renewing the keystream in a fast and efficient manner. We demonstrate that the sensing matrix is asymptotically Gaussian for a sufficiently large plaintext length, which guarantees a reliable CS decryption for a legitimate recipient. By means of probability metrics, we also show that the new CS-based cryptosystem can have the indistinguishability against an adversary, as long as the keystream is updated at each encryption and each plaintext has constant energy. Finally, we investigate how much the security of the new CS-based cryptosystem is sensitive to energy variation of plaintexts.
Graph-based Semi-Supervised Learning Algorithms for NLP

While labeled data is expensive to prepare, ever increasing amounts of unlabeled linguistic data are becoming widely available. In order to adapt to this phenomenon, several semi-supervised learning (SSL) algorithms, which learn from labeled as well as unlabeled data, have been developed. In a separate line of work, researchers have started to realize that graphs provide a natural way to represent data in a variety of domains. Graph-based SSL algorithms, which bring together these two lines of work, have been shown to outperform the state-of-the-art in many applications in speech processing, computer vision and NLP. In particular, recent NLP research has successfully used graph-based SSL algorithms for PoS tagging (Subramanya et al., 2010), semantic parsing (Das and Smith, 2011), knowledge acquisition (Talukdar et al., 2008), sentiment analysis (Goldberg and Zhu, 2006) and text categorization (Subramanya and Bilmes, 2008). Recognizing this promising and emerging area of research, this tutorial focuses on graph-based SSL algorithms (e.g., label propagation methods). The tutorial is intended to be a sequel to the ACL 2008 SSL tutorial, focusing exclusively on graph-based SSL methods and recent advances in this area, which were beyond the scope of the previous tutorial. The tutorial is divided in two parts. In the first part, we will motivate the need for graph-based SSL methods, introduce some standard graph-based SSL algorithms, and discuss connections between these approaches. We will also discuss how linguistic data can be encoded as graphs and show how graph-based algorithms can be scaled to large amounts of data (e.g., web-scale data). Part 2 of the tutorial will focus on how graph-based methods can be used to solve several critical NLP tasks, including basic problems such as PoS tagging, semantic parsing, and more downstream tasks such as text categorization, information acquisition, and sentiment analysis. We will conclude the tutorial with some exciting avenues for future work. Familiarity with semi-supervised learning and graph-based methods will not be assumed, and the necessary background will be provided. Examples from NLP tasks will be used throughout the tutorial to convey the necessary concepts. At the end of this tutorial, the attendee will walk away with the following: • An in-depth knowledge of the current state-of-the-art in graph-based SSL algorithms, and the ability to implement them. • The ability to decide on the suitability of graph-based SSL methods for a problem. • Familiarity with different NLP tasks where graph-based SSL methods have been successfully applied. In addition to the above goals, we hope that this tutorial will better prepare the attendee to conduct exciting research at the intersection of NLP and other emerging areas with natural graph-structured data (e.g., Computation Social Science). Please visit http://graph-ssl.wikidot. com/for details.
Identification of a common variant in the lipoprotein lipase gene in a large Utah kindred ascertained for coronary heart disease: the −93G/D9N variant predisposes to low HDL‐C/high triglycerides

Defects in the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene are associated with dyslipidemia in the general population. Several rare mutations in the gene, as well as two common coding region polymorphisms, D9N and N291S, exhibit deleterious effects on circulating lipid levels. Using a linkage‐based approach, we have identified a large Utah kindred segregating the D9N variant in the LPL gene. The kindred was ascertained for premature coronary heart disease and was expanded based on familial dyslipidemia. A genomic scan identified a region of linkage including LPL, and mutation screening identified the segregating variant. In the kindred, the variant shows high penetrance for a hypoalphalipoproteinemia phenotype, but is also associated with hypertriglyceridemia and elevated insulin levels. The strength of linkage was dependent on the combination of phenotype definition and model parameters, favoring the use of a MOD score approach. Most other studies of LPL have proceeded by mutation screening of randomly chosen individuals or selected affected probands; this is the first example identifying a segregating LPL mutation using direct linkage.
Les marées vertes : 40 Clés pour comprendre

Qu'y a-t-il de commun entre les plages de Bretagne, la lagune de Venise, et le littoral chinois de Qingdao ? Tous les trois ont fait la « une » des journaux en raison d'impressionnantes « marees vertes », causees par l'accumulation estivale de macroalgues. Quelle est la cause de ce soudain dereglement ? Peut-on y remedier ? Ce petit livre repond sans complaisance ni catastrophisme, loin des polemiques qui masquent trop souvent la realite.
The HNRC 500-Neuropsychology of Hiv infection at different disease stages

Abstract The present study examined neuropsychological (NP) functioning and associated medical, neurological, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and psychiatric findings in 389 nondemented males infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Type 1 (HIV-1), and in 111 uninfected controls. Using a comprehensive NP test battery, we found increased rates of impairment at each successive stage of HIV infection. HIV-related NP impairment was generally mild, especially in the medically asymptomatic stage of infection, and most often affected attention, speed of information processing, and learning efficiency; this pattern is consistent with earliest involvement of subcortical or frontostriatal brain systems. NP impairment could not be explained on the bases of mood disturbance, recreational drug or alcohol use, or constitutional symptoms; by contrast, impairment in HIV-infected subjects was related to central brain atrophy on MRI, as well as to evidence of cellular immune activation and neurological abnormalities linked to the central nervous system. (JINS, 1995, 1, 231–251.)
Belief formation in ethical consumer groups: an exploratory study

Belief formation is a neglected part of research in consumer behaviour and a potentially valuable area of study for helping to clarify the conditions under which they relate to actual patterns of behaviour. Outlines the results of qualitative research undertaken as part of a major study of readers of the UK Ethical Consumer magazine, which used focus groups to explore issues of major concern to ethical consumers – such as fair trade – and an elicitation questionnaire with a broader sample to ascertain the nature of factors influencing their beliefs on this subject.
Stability of Linear Switched Systems with Time-delay

The stability for a class of linear switched systems with time-delay is studied. By using complete condition, matrix decomposition and LMI methods, the sufficient condition that makes the switched systems asymptotically stable and the design method of switching law are obtained, and this result can be expressed in the form of LMI, which can be evaluated easily. The simulation shows the validity of the result.
A New Technique For Feature Selection And Cluster Center Initialization

Clustering high dimensional data and initialization of clusters are big challenges in data mining. As the number of dimensions in the data set increase, many traditional clustering techniques begin to suffer because of the curse of dimensionality. Moreover, the results differ with randomly initialized centers of the initial clusters. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm which consists of two phases. In phase one; it uses feature selection technique based on variance to find relevant attributes and then the obtained reduced data set is partitioned into k clusters. Afterwards, it computes Mediod of each of the clusters to obtain initial centers. In phase two, it apply standard k-means algorithm to obtain clusters. It improves efficiency of the clustering process tremendously and our experiment on test data set shows that accuracy of the results has improved
Pathological Signaling via Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor α Involves Chronic Activation of Akt and Suppression of p53

ABSTRACT In contrast to direct activation of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor α (PDGFRα) via PDGF, indirect activation via growth factors outside the PDGF family failed to induce dimerization, internalization, and degradation of PDGFRα. Chronically activated, monomeric PDGFRα induced prolonged activation of Akt and suppressed the level of p53. These events were sufficient to promote both cellular responses (proliferation, survival, and contraction) that are intrinsic to proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and induce the disease itself. This signature signaling pathway appeared to extend beyond PVR since deregulating PDGFRα in ways that promote solid tumors also resulted in chronic activation of Akt and a decline in the level of p53.
Nutrition and Physical Activity Interventions for Childhood Obesity: Lessons Learned

This article describes field experiences while implementing nutrition and physical activity education in a public junior high school in Puerto Rico (PR). Participants were classified as overweight or at risk based on body mass index (BMI). Dietary intake and weight were collected. Changes in dietary intake assessed from baseline to end of school year did not show statistical significance. The reduction in BMI Z-scores was modest at 4 months and was not observed at the end of the program. Future studies are warranted to integrate parents and behavioral theories and to evaluate food in the environment to successfully address childhood obesity.
SERUM ANTIBODY REACTIVITY OF BROADLY SENSITIZED PATIENTS WITH HLA‐MATCHED PERIPHERAL BLOOD T LYMPHOCYTES

The sera of 45 hypersensitized patients with more than 90% panel reactive antibodies were tested for reactivity against peripheral blood T lymphocytes from 7 donors matched for HLA-A.B antigens. The target cells were phenotypically homozygous HLA-A1.B8 or A2.B44. Tests for lymphocytotoxic antibodies were essentially negative except for one target cell in which 10 of 25 sera were positive. More positive reactions were detected by flow cytometry, and the proportion of positive specimens ranged from 15% to 48% with the different target cells. Most positive reactions involved the HLA-A2 and B44 antigens, in which heterogeneity within the serologically defined specificities has been described. The positive reactions were further evaluated by testing the effect of purified soluble HLA molecules on the binding of antibodies to the HLA-marched targets. Purified HLA produced a detectable inhibition of antibody binding in the majority of the serum-target combinations studied. These results document that anti-HLA antibodies can still react with HLA-matched lymphocytes, which may be due to the recognition of subtypes of the known serologically defined specificities
HEAT ACCLIMATIZATION PATTERNS IN OBESE AND LEAN INDIVIDUALS * †

An investigation is presented of artificial heat acclimatization in women and men who varied widely in body composition, particularly body fatness. The subjects were intentionally selected to include individuals who were habitually active physically and those who were not. To date, only limited evidence is available in the literature to suggest that women acclimatize to heat in a manner similar to Women have also been studied in hot environments that simulated industrial situations3 and their physiological responses to moderate heat while resting have been appraised.225 On the average, body fatness tends to be higher in women than men and this factor may play a role in the lower limits of endurance in women exposed to heat as compared to men. It has been reported that obese individuals are more susceptible to heat injury than the This fact coupled with the conclusion that the larger individual because of his smaller surface area per unit of heat producing mass has a lower work capacity in the heat,15 stimulated us to start exploration of the impact of body fatness on ability to tolerate exercise in the heat.
Risk of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy following assisted reproductive technology: overview and meta‐analysis

The extent of the increased risk of pregnancy hypertensive disorders following assisted reproductive technology (ART) was investigated. PubMed and the Cochrane Collaboration Library were used as data sources to identify and select longitudinal cohorts comparing pregnancies following ART with spontaneously conceived pregnancies, between 1978 and June 2016. Risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of three outcomes, ie, gestational hypertension (GH), preeclampsia (PE), and their sum (PHD), were calculated. Stratification of results by gestation order (singletons and nonsingletons) was pursued, but a separate “all orders” mixed stratification was considered. Sixty‐six longitudinal studies (7 038 029 pregnancies; 203 375 following any ART) were eligible. All outcomes independent of gestation order (“all orders”) were increased following any invasive ART: GH (+79% [95% CI, 24%–157%]) and PE (+75% [95% CI, 50%–103%]) to a greater extent, with smaller increases in PHD (+54% [95% CI, 39%–70%]). The risk of PHD following ART steadily increased independent of gestation order.
Performance Enhancement of Microwave GaN HEMTs Without an AlN-Exclusion Layer Using an Optimized AlGaN/GaN Interface Growth Process

The impact of the sharpness of the AlGaN/GaN interface in high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) is investigated. Two structures, one with an optimized AlGaN/GaN interface and another with an unoptimized, were grown using hot-wall metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The structure with optimized sharpness of the interface shows electron mobility of 1760 cm2/V · s as compared with 1660 cm2/V · s for the nonoptimized interface. Gated Hall measurements indicate that the sharper interface maintains higher mobility when the electrons are close to the interface compared with the nonoptimized structure, indicating less scattering due to alloy disorder and interface roughness. HEMTs were processed and evaluated. The higher mobility manifests as lower parasitic resistance yielding a better dc and high-frequency performance. A small-signal equivalent model is extracted. The results indicate a lower electron penetration into the buffer in the optimized sample. Pulsed-IV measurements imply that the sharper interface provides less dispersive effects at large drain biases. We speculate that the mobility enhancement seen AlGaN/AlN/GaN structures compared with the AlGaN/GaN case is not only related to the larger conduction band offset but also due to a more welldefined interface minimizing scattering due to alloy disorder and interface roughness.
Nateglinide and acarbose are comparably effective reducers of postprandial glycemic excursions in chinese antihyperglycemic agent-naive subjects with type 2 diabetes.

BACKGROUND Recent studies have identified postprandial glycemic excursions as risk factors for diabetes complications. This study aimed to compare the effects of nateglinide and acarbose treatments on postprandial glycemic excursions in Chinese subjects with type 2 diabetes. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This was a multicenter, open-label, randomized, active-controlled, parallel-group study. One hundred three antihyperglycemic agent-naive subjects with type 2 diabetes (hemoglobin A1c range, 6.5-9.0%) were prospectively recruited from four hospitals in China. The intervention was nateglinide (120 mg three times a day) or acarbose (50 mg three times a day) therapy for 2 weeks. A continuous glucose monitoring system was used to calculate the incremental area under the curve of postprandial blood glucose (AUCpp), the incremental glucose peak (IGP), mean amplitude of glycemic excursions, SD of blood glucose, the mean of daily differences, and 24-h mean blood glucose (MBG). Subjects' serum glycated albumin and the plasma insulin levels were also analyzed. RESULTS Both agents caused significant reductions on AUCpp and IGP. Similarly, both treatment groups showed significant improvements in the intra- and interday glycemic excursions, as well as the 24-h MBG and serum glycated albumin compared with baseline (P<0.001). However, neither of the agents produced a significantly better effect (P>0.05). Moreover, the nateglinide-treated group had significantly increased insulin levels at 30 min and at 120 min after a standard meal compared with baseline, whereas the acarbose-treated group decreased. No serious adverse events occurred in either group. The rates of hypoglycemic episodes were comparable in the two groups, and no severe hypoglycemic episode occurred in either group. CONCLUSIONS Nateglinide and acarbose were comparably effective in reducing postprandial glycemic excursions in antihyperglycemic agent-naive Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes, possibly through different pathophysiological mechanisms.
Hardware Implementation of Montgomery's Modular Multiplication Algorithm

Hardware is described for implementing the fast modular multiplication algorithm developed by P.L. Montgomery (1985). Comparison with previous techniques shows that this algorithm is up to twice as fast as the best currently available and is more suitable for alternative architectures. The gain in speed arises from the faster clock that results from simpler combinational logic. >