Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Culture of Patient Safety

Hospital patient safety culture is examined as a critical component of quality where preventable and identifiable adverse and sentinel events should not occur. The author, a former hospital executive, illustrates how culture helps illuminate patient safety practices using examples from hospital situations he encountered as a consultant. These cases demonstrate the hospital nurses’ focuses on job requirements and training as opposed to actually doing the “right thing” at the “right time. ” The nurse hospitalist, an advanced practice nurse, is proposed as a daily teacher and facilitator for hospital nurses based on a curriculum of day-to-day examples of good patient care through training and observation of patient care as it is being given.
Impulses in dorsal spinal nerve rootlets in cats and rabbits arising from dorsal root ganglia isolated from the periphery

Spontaneous discharges arising within lumbar dorsal root ganglia that had been isolated from the periphery by section of the corresponding spinal nerves were recorded in dorsal spinal nerve rootlets in cats and rabbits. Those dorsal rootlet fibers that were individually isolated had conduction velocities of less than 22 meters/second, i.e., they were Aδ fibers. The chronic preparations had been kept alive for between 1 and 21 days, and spontaneous activity was present in each of them. In acute preparations in which hemorrhage was minimal, spontaneous activity first appeared three to three and one‐half hours after section of the spinal nerve. Spontaneous activity in the dorsal rootlets continued for approximately 25 minutes after physical separation, by dissection, of the active nervous tissue from the remainder of the preparation. The activity was not recorded in either the distal parts of sectioned ventral rootlets or the portion of a sectioned spinal nerve that remained in continuity with its dorsal root ganglion.
Severe Cerebral Vasospasm and Infarction After Minor Head Trauma

Cerebral vasospasm is commonly reported following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (tSAH). However, severe vasospasm after TBI with minimal, focal tSAH is rare and often forgotten. A 62-year-old woman experienced an evident mechanical fall with head injury, but with no loss of consciousness or abrasions to the head or neck. She was being treated for hypertension and a previous unprovoked pulmonary embolism with trandolapril, hydrochlorothiazide, and dabigatran. She initially presented with confusion, vomiting, and urinary incontinence. Glasgow Coma Scale was 14. She had no fever, meningismus, or focal neurological deficits on presentation. There were no prodromal symptoms, thunderclap headaches, or changes in cognition in the weeks or days leading to the head injury. Initial computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging showed minimal convexal tSAH and minimal intraventricular hemorrhage (Figure 1). Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) was normal. She was hyponatremic (Na, 126mmol/L) and had leukocytosis (white blood cell count, 21.6 × 10/L), attributed to urinary tract infection, which quickly normalized to 10.6 × 10/L 4 days following her admission. Blood cultures were negative. She was treated for delirium secondary to hypovolemia and a presumed urinary tract infection. A follow-up CT scan on day 7 showed expected evolution/stabilization of her bleed. Her delirium resolved by day 8, and the patient was prepared for discharge. However, on day 10, the patient developed left hemiparesis, left homonymous hemianopsia, and neglect. CT/CT angiography (CTA) revealed a right parietal infarct and diffuse, bihemispheric vasospasm with no topographical relationship to the focal tSAH (Figure 2). No proximal or distal aneurysms were seen. A thorough infectious and inflammatory workup was negative at that time. The patient was treated with milrinone 20mg in 80ml normal saline infused at 0.75mg/kg/min, nimodipine 60mg by mouth every 4 hours, and magnesium sulfate 5 g/250ml saline over 5 hours. Response to treatment was monitored with serial transcranial Doppler ultrasounds and CTAs. The transcranial Doppler ultrasounds were interpreted by a single radiologist using sonographic criteria. The CTAs were read by two separate radiologists, who used coronal, sagittal, maximum intensity projection, and three-dimensional reformatted images and volumetric measurements. Vasospasm resolved by day 21, at which time the patient was completely compos mentis but had persistent neurological deficits relevant to her infarct. She was transferred to inpatient rehabilitation and achieved independence for basic activities of daily living. Cerebral vasospasm is a reported complication of TBI and tSAH. Its incidence appears to correlate with the severity of bleeding, and it is rarely reported following a relatively small subarachnoid hemorrhage. In our patient, TBI and tSAH were relatively minor and focal. It was therefore unexpected for her to suffer such severe bilaterally diffuse cerebral vasospasm. An intracranial or systemic
Drawing interface for creating embodied space in the real world

Drawing is an important bodily activity in human communication in daily life since it is able to express the abstract information that is difficult in expression using verbal means. On the other hand, the bodily action for the expression is not fully taken advantage of as usual due to physical restrictions in the drawing range. Hence we propose the drawing interface system for supporting human communication in daily life, which is the augmented reality system to draw 3D in the air that is consist of the optical see-through head-mounted display. Additionally, in order to draw smoothly in the real world, it is embedded in the direct manipulate interface to be able to capture and utilize the visual information around the user as a painting material. As a result using this system, various ways of drawing are demonstrated in the real world, such as 3D drawing of the architecture in body size, drawing on the physical objects directly and 3D drawing using physical objects as the ruler. In addition, it is confirmed that the volume and density of the drawing things can be experienced in the immersive drawing space.
Bacteria Transport and Deposition under Unsaturated Flow Conditions: The Role of Water Content and Bacteria Surface Hydrophobicity

Column experiments were conducted to investigate the transport and deposition behavior of representative hydrophobic and hydrophilic bacteria strains in sand at different water saturations. These strains are similar in surface charge, shape, and size, and differ primarily in their surface hydrophobicity and tendency to form aggregates. The amount of bacteria that were retained in the sand increased with decreasing water saturation, especially for the more hydrophobic strain that formed larger cell aggregates. Most of the cells were retained close to the column inlet, and the rate of deposition rapidly decreased with depth. The experimental data were analyzed using a mathematical model that accounted for deposition on two kinetic sites. Consideration of depth‐dependent deposition in the model formulation significantly improved the description of the data, and the amount of cell retention was typically dominated by this site. The depth‐dependent deposition coefficient tended to increase with decreasing water content, especially for the hydrophobic bacteria. Straining is believed to account for these observations because it increases in magnitude with increasing cell and aggregate size and when a greater fraction of the water flows through a larger number of small pore spaces with decreasing water content. Cell retention on the other kinetic deposition site was well described using a conventional model for attachment and detachment. Consistent with interaction energy calculations for bacteria attachment, however, low amounts of cell retention occurred on this site. Attempts to separately determine the amounts of attachment to solid–water and air–water interfaces were confounded by the influence of straining.
Phosphonate‐modified Gd‐DTPA complexes. III: The detection of myocardial infarction by MRI

The potential of a phosphonate‐modified‐Gd‐DTPA for MR image enhancement of myocardial infarction has been demonstrated in imaging experiments on rats. The agent, 1‐hydroxy‐3‐aminopropane‐1, 1‐diphosphonate‐modified‐Gd‐DTPA (Gd‐DTPA‐HPDP) accumulates in two models of myocardial infarction, (i.e., drug‐induced diffusely infarcted whole hearts and in focal acute myocardial infarction from a left coronary artery ligation). The time course of the accumulation of the agent in the focal model of infarction and subsequent washout has also been followed in vitro. Results of this kinetics demonstrate that the agent first perfuses all normal fluid spaces and then slowly diffuses into the occluded zone where it is retained for a prolonged period, in sufficient quantities to be useful as an MRI contrast agent. Wash‐out of the agent from normal myocardium is fast and complete with MR signal returning to background in minutes.
El perfil emocional matemático como predictor de rechazo escolar: relación con las destrezas y los conocimientos desde una perspectiva evolutiva

El rendimiento escolar en matematicas, por lo negativo, viene siendo uno de los temas mas estudiados en Educacion Matematica. Aunque ha sido mas tradicional analizar las relaciones entre rendimiento y aspectos cognitivos (conocimientos y capacidades), en los ultimos anos se esta empezando a considerar la influencia que tienen las emociones en los exitos o fracasos academicos en matematicas. En este contexto, utilizando cuestionarios abiertos en torno a seis ejes fundamentales (atribuciones de causalidad, gusto por las matematicas, autoconcepto matematico, actitudes y creencias matematicas, creencias sobre el profesor y creencias del entorno familiar), hemos realizado un estudio longitudinal de algunos de esos componentes emocionales desde la educacion primaria (6 anos) hasta el comienzo de la educacion superior (18 anos) del sistema educativo espanol. Mediante tecnicas multivariantes de regresion logistica y escalamiento multidimensional, establecimos la existencia de dos perfiles emocionales, uno matematico y otro antimatematico, significativamente relacionados con el rechazo o la aceptacion de las matematicas, con ciertas aptitudes mentales primarias, asi como con el rendimiento escolar medido con pruebas de conocimiento.
Lagrangian chaos, Eulerian chaos, and mixing enhancement in converging–diverging channel flows

A study of Lagrangian chaos, Eulerian chaos, and mixing enhancement in converging–diverging channel flows, using spectral element direct numerical simulations, is presented. The time‐dependent, incompressible Navier–Stokes and continuity equations are solved for laminar, transitional, and chaotic flow regimes for 100≤Re≤850. Classical fluid dynamics representations and dynamical system techniques characterize Eulerian flows, whereas Lagrangian trajectories and finite‐time Lagrangian Lyapunov exponents identify Lagrangian chaotic flow regimes and quantify mixing enhancement. Classical representations demonstrate that the flow evolution to an aperiodic chaotic regime occurs through a sequence of instabilities, leading to three successive supercritical Hopf bifurcations. Poincare sections and Eulerian Lyapunov exponent evaluations verify the first Hopf bifurcation at 125<Re<150 and the onset of Eulerian chaos at Re≊550. Lagrangian trajectories and finite‐time Lagrangian Lyapunov exponents reveal the onset of.
Difference in prognostic significance of maximum standardized uptake value on [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography between adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.

OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the prognostic significance of [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography findings according to histological subtypes in patients with completely resected non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS We examined 176 consecutive patients who had undergone preoperative [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging and curative surgical resection for adenocarcinoma (n = 132) or squamous cell carcinoma (n = 44). Maximum standardized uptake values for the primary lesions in all patients were calculated as the [18F]-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose uptake and the surgical results were analyzed. RESULTS The median values of maximum standardized uptake value for the primary tumors were 2.60 in patients with adenocarcinoma and 6.95 in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (P< 0.001). Analyses of receiver operating characteristic curves identified an optimal maximum standardized uptake value cutoff value to predict recurrence of 3.7 for adenocarcinoma, whereas such an indicator could not be identified for squamous cell carcinoma. Although 2-year disease-free survival rates were 70.2% for maximum standardized uptake value ≤6.95 and 59.3% for maximum standardized uptake value >6.95 (P = 0.83) among patients with squamous cell carcinoma, 2-year disease-free survival rates were 93.9% for maximum standardized uptake value ≤3.7 and 52.4% for maximum standardized uptake value >3.7 (P < 0.0001) among those with adenocarcinoma, and notably, 100 and 57.2%, respectively, in patients with Stage I adenocarcinoma (P < 0.0001). On the basis of the multivariate Cox analyses of patients with adenocarcinoma, maximum standardized uptake value (P = 0.008) was a significantly independent factor for disease-free survival as well as nodal metastasis (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Maximum standardized uptake value of the primary tumor was a powerful prognostic determinant for patients with adenocarcinoma, but not with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.
Controvérsias entre a Amazônia rural e a conservação: um estudo sobre a Rede Sociotécnica de ribeirinhos e onças nas Reservas de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá e Amanã no Amazonas

Partindo da nocao de rede sociotecnica estabelecida na relacao entre oncas e ribeirinhos em duas Reservas de Desenvolvimento Sustentavel no Amazonas, foram identificadas controversias entre o saber tradicional e o cientifico. Quantas oncas existem, qual e a agencia delas e o que ela provoca nos demais actantes? O que a ciencia mede e quantifica a respeito das oncas tem sempre correspondencia com o que e posto em movimento em termos de politica para a conservacao? O objetivo deste artigo nao e responder a essas questoes, e sim evidenciar as controversias identificadas nas relacoes entre a Amazonia rural e a conservacao, destacando possibilidades e limites da Teoria Ator-Rede tanto para a compreensao da construcao do conhecimento cientifico como para a politica na relacao entre oncas e populacoes tradicionais e seus desdobramentos.
Novel Antibody Hinge Regions for Efficient Production of CH2 Domain-deleted Antibodies*

HuCC49ΔCH2 is a heavy chain constant domain 2 domain-deleted antibody under development as a radioimmunotherapeutic for treating carcinomas overexpressing the TAG-72 tumor antigen. Mammalian cell culture biosynthesis of HuCC49ΔCH2 produces two isoforms (form A and form B) in an approximate 1:1 ratio, and consequently separation and purification of the desired form A isoform adversely impact process and yield. A protein engineering strategy was used to develop a panel of hinge-engineered HuCC49ΔCH2 antibodies to identify hinge sequences to optimize production of the form A isoform. We found that adding a single proline residue at Kabat position 243, immediately adjacent to the carboxyl end of the core middle hinge CPPC domain, resulted in an increase from 39 to 51% form A isoform relative to the parent HuCC49ΔCH2 antibody. Insertion of the amino acids proline-alanine-proline (PAP) at positions 243-245 enhanced production of the form A isoform to 72%. Insertion of a cysteine-rich 15-amino acid IgG3 hinge motif (CPEPKSCDTPPPCPR) in both of these mutant antibodies resulted in secretion of predominantly form A isoform with little or no detectable form B. Yields exceeding 98% of the form A isoform have been realized. Preliminary peptide mapping and mass spectrometry analysis suggest that at least two, and as many as five, inter-heavy chain disulfide linkages may be present.
Assessing the Attractiveness of Places with Movement Data

Attractiveness of places has been studied by several sciences, giving rise to distinct ways for assessing it. However, the attractiveness evaluation methods currently available lack versatility to analyze diverse attractiveness phenomena in different kinds of places and spatial scales. This article describes a novel method, called M-Attract, to assess the attractiveness of interesting places, based on movement data. M-Attract examines trajectory episodes (e.g., stop, pass) that happen in places and their encompassing regions to compute their attractiveness. It is more flexible than state-of-the-art methods, with respect to land parcels, parameters, and measures used for attractiveness assessment. The proposed method has been extensively evaluated in experiments with real data, which demonstrate its contributions to analyze attractiveness of places and identify relevant phenomena in the geographic space.
Simple type system for program reengineering

This paper describes a type system used in a disassembler program to produce enhanced disassembly output The type system described in this paper is capable of representing C language types. It operates using the following methodology. First, the type information is collected from the standard C headers and is stored in type library files. The stored information is then used to comment and enhance the disassembly. A simple propagation algorithm for function arguments is described as an illustration of the functionality of the system. The power of the type system presented is that a decompiler can be constructed using a disassembler augmented by this system.
Disability in valued life activities among individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus.

OBJECTIVE To identify the prevalence of disability in a wide range of valued life activities (VLAs) among individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 1-year changes in such disability, and predictors of and changes in VLA disability. METHODS Data were from 2 waves of a cohort of 829 individuals with SLE interviewed annually by telephone. VLA disability was assessed using a scale rating the difficulty of performing 21 activities. Scores were also calculated for subscales corresponding to obligatory, committed, and discretionary activities. Changes in VLA disability from baseline to 1-year followup were assessed. Sociodemographic and disease status measures were examined as predictors of and changes in VLA disability using multiple regression analyses. RESULTS Almost half of the subjects were unable to perform > or =1 VLA at baseline. Almost all (91%) reported > or =1 VLA affected by SLE. One-quarter of the subjects experienced a significant increase in the number of activities they were unable to perform; approximately half experienced significant increases in the number of activities affected and in difficulty scores. Proportions of individuals whose disability increased and whose disability decreased were roughly equivalent. Disease status measures accounted for 62-72% of the variation in VLA difficulty. More severe disease status was predictive of increases in VLA difficulty; few predictors of improvements were identified. CONCLUSION VLA disability was common, with more disability noted in committed and discretionary activities than in obligatory activities. Because VLA disability has been linked to psychological well-being in previous studies, identification of factors that may protect against such disability is important.
A Machine Learning Approach to Research Curation for Investment Process

Many investment professionals consider academic research instrumental in improving the quality of the investment process. However, it is hard to extract investment insights from the vast and rapidly expanding research corpus, which requires a large amount of time and human effort in order to absorb. We offer a novel solution to this problem by introducing a machine learning approach to research curation. By comparing the performance and accuracy of humans and machines, we show that a machine learning approach approximates the quality of human curation but offers the strategic benefits of scalability, efficiency and lower cost.
Melanin-Concentrating Hormone and Its MCH-1 Receptor: Relationship Between Effects on Alcohol and Caloric Intake.

BACKGROUND Reward and energy homeostasis are both regulated by a network of hypothalamic neuropeptide systems. The melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) and its MCH-1 receptor (MCH1-R) modulate alcohol intake, but it remains unknown to what extent this reflects actions on energy balance or reward. Here, we evaluated the MCH1-R in regulation of caloric intake and motivation to consume alcohol in states of escalated consumption. METHODS Rats had intermittent access (IA) to alcohol and were divided into high- and low-drinking groups. Food and alcohol consumption was assessed after administration of an MCH1-R antagonist, GW803430. Next, GW803430 was evaluated on alcohol self-administration in protracted abstinence induced by IA in high-drinking rats. Finally, the effect of GW803430 was assessed on alcohol self-administration in acute withdrawal in rats exposed to alcohol vapor. Gene expression of MCH and MCH1-R was measured in the hypothalamus and nucleus accumbens (NAc) in both acute and protracted abstinence. RESULTS High-drinking IA rats consumed more calories from alcohol than chow and GW803430 decreased both chow and alcohol intake. In low-drinking rats, only food intake was affected. In protracted abstinence from IA, alcohol self-administration was significantly reduced by pretreatment with GW803430 and gene expression of both MCH and the MCH1-R were dysregulated in hypothalamus and NAc. In contrast, during acute withdrawal from vapor exposure, treatment with GW803430 did not affect alcohol self-administration, and no changes in MCH or MCH1-R gene expression were observed. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest a dual role of MCH and the MCH1-R in regulation of alcohol intake, possibly through mechanisms involving caloric intake and reward motivation. A selective suppression of alcohol self-administration during protracted abstinence by GW803430 was observed and accompanied by adaptations in gene expression of MCH and MCH1-R. Selective suppression of escalated consumption renders the MCH1-R an attractive target for treatment of alcohol use disorders.
Superpixels Based Segmentation and SVM Based Classification Method to Distinguish Five Diseases from Normal Regions in Wireless Capsule Endoscopy

Wireless Capsule Endoscopy (WCE) is relatively a new technology to examine the entire GI trace. During an examination, it captures more than 55,000 frames. Reviewing all these images is time-consuming and prone to human error. It has been a challenge to develop intelligent methods assisting physicians to review the frames. The WCE frames are captured in 8-bit color depths which provides enough a color range to detect abnormalities. Here, superpixel based methods are proposed to segment five diseases including: bleeding, Crohn's disease, Lymphangiectasia, Xanthoma, and Lymphoid hyperplasia. Two superpixels methods are compared to provide semantic segmentation of these prolific diseases: simple linear iterative clustering (SLIC) and quick shift (QS). The segmented superpixels were classified into two classes (normal and abnormal) by support vector machine (SVM) using texture and color features. For both superpixel methods, the accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and precision (SLIC, QS) were around 92%, 93%, 93%, and 88%, respectively. However, SLIC was dramatically faster than QS.