Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Revisiting East–West Skull Patterns and the Role of Random Factors in South America: Cranial Reconstruction and Morphometric Analysis of the Facial Skeleton from Cuncaicha Rockshelter (Southern Peru)

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to evaluate the craniometric affinities of the only Cuncaicha cranial specimen with other early, middle, and late Holocene South American samples. To do so, the skull was first reconstructed by using computer-aided techniques applied to several μ-CT-scanned fragments. Linear measurements were calculated in the facial skeleton and compared to specimens from a previously available database. We conducted Principal Component and Discriminant Analysis, calculated Mahalanobis distances to evaluate the similarities of the Cuncaicha specimen with early/middle Holocene samples from South America, and estimated a Δ statistic for testing the neutral hypothesis among Peruvian samples. The results show that Cuncaicha presents shape similarities with Lagoa Santa and Lauricocha, mostly in masticatory and respiratory components. Finally, directional selection explains most of the diversification of Peruvian populations. We discuss our results in the context of migratory pathways, as well as the evolutionary processes behind human diversification in the Americas.
Impacts of Livestock Grazing on Vegetation Characteristics and Soil Chemical Properties of Alpine Meadows in the Eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

ABSTRACT Livestock grazing is one of the significant causes of land degradation. However, the effect of contrasting grazing intensities on soil properties and vegetation in the southeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) is poorly understood. We studied the impact of light grazing (LG), moderate grazing (MG), heavy grazing (HG) and no grazing (NG) on vegetation characteristics and the chemical properties of soil samples taken at 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm and 20–30 cm layers from the designated grazing treatments. A total of 42 species representing 32 genera and 16 families were identified. Our result shows that HG significantly reduced total aboveground biomass, vegetation cover, canopy average height, but increased unpalatable aboveground biomass. Soil organic matter declined with increasing grazing intensity and respectively decreased to 64.51%, 65.38% and 82.40% for LG, MG and HG compared to the NG treatment and soil carbon storage exhibited a similar pattern. Soil total nitrogen and phosphorus contents decreased with increasing soil depth, while soil total potassium was not affected by grazing across soil depths. We conclude that 1 yak would have a more severe impact than 3 sheep units on the vegetation community and soil characteristics of alpine meadows in the southeastern QTP.
Mechanism and Clinical Importance of Respiratory Failure Induced by Anticholinesterases

Abstract Respiratory failure is the predominant cause of death in humans and animals poisoned with anticholinesterases. Organophosphorus and carbamate anticholinesterases inhibit acetylcholinesterase irreversibly and reversibly, respectively. Some of them contain a quaternary atom that makes them lipophobic, limiting their action at the periphery, i.e. outside the central nervous system. They impair respiratory function primarily by inducing a desensitization block of nicotinic receptors in the neuromuscular synapse. Lipophilic anticholinesterases inhibit the acetylcholinesterase both in the brain and in other tissues, including respiratory muscles. Their doses needed for cessation of central respiratory drive are significantly less than doses needed for paralysis of the neuromuscular transmission. Antagonist of muscarinic receptors atropine blocks both the central and peripheral muscarinic receptors and effectively antagonizes the central respiratory depression produced by anticholinesterases. To manage the peripheral nicotinic receptor hyperstimulation phenomena, oximes as acetylcholinesterase reactivators are used. Addition of diazepam is useful for treatment of seizures, since they are cholinergic only in their initial phase and can contribute to the occurrence of central respiratory depression. Possible involvement of central nicotinic receptors as well as the other neurotransmitter systems – glutamatergic, opioidergic – necessitates further research of additional antidotes.
Heart attack mortality prediction: an application of machine learning methods

The heart is an important organ in the human body, and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the leading cause of death in most countries. Researchers are doing a lot of data analysis work to assist doctors in predicting the heart problem. An analysis of the data related to different health problems and its functions can help in predicting the wellness of this organ with a degree of certainty. Our research reported in this paper consists of two main parts. In the first part of the paper, we compare different predictive models of hospital mortality for patients with AMI. All results presented in this part are based on real data of about $603$ patients from a hospital in the Czech Republic and about $184$ patients from two hospitals in Syria. Although the learned models may be specific to the data, we also draw more general conclusions that we think are generally valid. In the second part of the paper, because the data is incomplete and imbalanced we develop the Chow--Liu and tree-augmented naive Bayesian to deal with that data in better conditions, and compare the quality of these algorithms with others.
Possibilidades de abordagem do tema do suicídio na Estratégia Saúde da Família

Resumo O artigo apresenta um estudo que teve como objetivo geral conhecer como os profissionais de uma unidade de Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) lidam com as demandas relacionadas ao tema do suicídio. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa com abordagem interpretativa, mediante grupo focal narrativo, realizado com profissionais de uma unidade de ESF, no município de Porto Alegre/RS. Foram identificadas as dificuldades que ocorrem no trabalho com o tema do suicídio, e os efeitos psíquicos que elas provocam nos trabalhadores. As dificuldades em relação ao trabalho incluem: as vulnerabilidades sociais do território, o tabu do suicídio, as dificuldades de manejo dessas demandas pelos profissionais e a insuficiência da rede de serviços. Os efeitos psíquicos identificados nos trabalhadores foram: sentimento de impotência, culpa e frustração, bem como estresse e sensação de sobrecarga de trabalho. As principais conclusões incluem a potencialidade do trabalho em ESF para a prevenção do suicídio, a necessidade de fortalecimento da rede de serviços e a importância da qualificação e do apoio permanentes aos profissionais, buscando ofertar os recursos necessários ao enfrentamento das dificuldades relacionadas ao trabalho com essa temática.
The Role of State Boredom, State of Fear of Missing Out and State Loneliness in State Phubbing

The term “phubbing” describes individuals’ engagement with their smartphones during face-to-face conversations. Because some scholars treated phubbing as a trait experience, the predictors they investigated to explain this behavior have also been trait predictors. This paper reports on a study that used the state phubbing scale, which took into account both the fleeting and the psychological properties of this behavior, and applied a set of state predictors that perceived phubbing as a state experience (state boredom, state of fear of missing out and state loneliness). Data was collected using an online survey. The results from the multiple regression analysis revealed that the state of fear of missing out was a stronger predictor of state phubbing with state boredom also predicting state phubbing to a lesser extent. State loneliness didn’t predict this behaviour. Understanding the immediate predictors of phubbing is important, considering the negative effects of this behavior on offline relationships.
On the origin of the sharp, low-field pinning force peaks in MgB2 superconductors

Various MgB2 thin films and single crystals were found in the literature to exhibit a sharp, narrow peak at low fields in the volume pinning force, Fp(H)-diagrams. The origin of this peak is associated with a steep drop of the current density when applying external magnetic fields and is ascribed to sample purity. We show here that bulk MgB2 prepared by spark-plasma sintering also shows the sharp, narrow peak in Fp. The peak is also seen in the volume pinning force scaling, Fp/Fp,max vs h = H/H irr. Furthermore, polycrystalline bulk MgB2 samples prepared close to the optimum reaction temperature reveal this peak effect as well, but other samples of the series show a regular scaling behavior. The combination of magnetization data with data from electric transport measurements on the same samples demonstrates the origin of this peak effect. On increasing preparation temperature, the pinning force scaling changes from grain boundary pinning to point pinning and the grain connectivity gets worse. Hence, the sharp, low-field peak in Fp vanishes. Therefore, the occurrence of the peak effect in Fp gives important information on the grain coupling in the MgB2 samples.
Management Of High Energy Tibial Fractures Using Ilizarov Apparatus

Forty-two high-energy tibial fractures (18 closed and 24 open) in 41 patients were treated with the Ilizarov apparatus between 1999 and 2004. Open wounds were debrided and tension free primary closure using interrupted nylon sutures was attempted wherever appropriate. In others, either split thickness skin grafting or local gastrocnemius flaps were used. Corticotomy and bone transport was instituted in patients with significant bone loss. Early weight bearing with range of motion exercises of ankle and knee joints were encouraged. Average fracture healing time was 5.3 months (range 3.5 8.5 months). Complications included pin site inflammation / infection (40.4 %), muscle transfixation (2 cases), shortening (3 cases), ankle joint stiffness (2 cases) and wire fracture (1 case). Based on Johner and Wruh's Criteria, there were 34 excellent, 6 good, 2 fair, and no poor results. The Ilizarov device provided early and definitive fixation for high-energy tibial fractures with good results.
Efficacy of new ready-mix formulation of azoxystrobin and tebuconazole (Azoxystrobin 11% w/w + Tebuconazole 18.3% w/w SC) against downy mildew and powdery mildew disease and its safety assessment on grape

On field efficacy evaluation of a new ready-mix formulation of Strobulirin and Triazole group i.e. Azoxystrobin 11% + Tebuconazole 18.3% SC was done and two season experiment was conducted during 2014-15 and 2015-16 on grape variety Thomson seedless to evaluate the bio-efficacy of combination of fungicideagainst downy mildew and powdery mildew diseases. The results revealed that spraying of Azoxystrobin 11% + Tebuconazole 18.3% SC @ 750 - 1000 ml/ha at 40-50 days after forward pruning were found significantly on par with each other in reduction of PDI on leaves as well as berries and enhanced marketable yield of grapes which were followed by rest of the treatments. The safety assessment on grape plant revealed that Azoxystrobin 11% + Tebuconazole 18.3% SC did not show any phyto-toxicity symptoms even though it was applied at 1500 ml/ha. Collectively, the results of this study illustrate the unique property of Azoxystrobin 11% + Tebuconazole 18.3% SC in comparison to that of three protectant and systemic fungicides, and provide information on how Azoxystrobin 11% + Tebuconazole 18.3% SC should be best used in disease management programs for Downy and Powdery mildew diseases of grape.
Does firm efficiency matter for debt financing decisions? Evidence from the biggest manufacturing countries

ABSTRACT The paper examines the relationship between debt financing and firm efficiency and the moderating role of liquidity holding. We focus on countries that have strong manufacturing industries, specifically China, Germany, India and Japan. The study shows that the firms’ efficiency relates positively to short-term and negatively to long-term debt financing. We document that companies with high productivity are likely to generate high cash flows and have more short-term financing capacity. On the contrary, high efficiency reduces the long-term borrowing since the short-term and internal financing are substitute for the external long-term capital. Besides, the results indicate that high short-term solvency weakens the relationship between the firms’ efficiency and their long-term debt financing. Our paper suggests that a firm’s capital structure is affected by different factors including the firm’s efficiency. Therefore, in their debt financing decisions, managers should consider the firm’s productivity level among other factors.
Holter ECG Findings in Patients with Medial Arterial Calcinosis

Introduction: Medial arterial calcinosis is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.Aim of the study: To determine the incidence of cardiac arrhythmia and ischemia with the use of Holter ECG monitoring in a group of patients with medial calcinosis. Patients and Methods: 22 individuals (10 men and 12 women) with the mean age of 59 years were examined. Holter ECG monitoring with an average duration of 22.16 hours was carried out using Marquette-Hellige General Electric (USA) devices. Medial calcinosis was defined as ankle-brachial pressure index (ABI) with a value of 1.3 and more. Results: Only 2 patients (9 %) from our group had normal Holter ECG records, without arrhythmia or ischemia. Complex form of arrhythmia (Myerburg 4B or 4C) was in 11 patients (50 %), atrial fibrillation in 6 (27 %), 2nd degree A-V block Mobitz type I in 1 patient (4.5 %) and myocardial ischemia in 6 persons (27 %). Conclusions: In our study we found significant cardiac arrhythmia and/or ischemia in 91 % of investigated patients with medial arterial calcinosis. Our results confirm the importance of Holter ECG monitoring in this patients, because of increased cardiovascular risk, including sudden cardiac death.
Roles of Speech-Language Pathologists in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

This thesis examined the roles of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) within the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). In 2004, the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association published a set of policy documents regarding speech-language pathology practice in the NICU. Research compiled in the literature review explained and supported each of the roles listed in the ASHA policy documents. The literature also revealed that very few sources specific to the speech-language pathology field addressed roles other than those related to feeding and swallowing evaluation and intervention. This research investigated ASHA-certified, masters-level SLPs’ familiarity with each of their possible roles in the NICU, as well as their opinions about these roles and their preparation for a NICU career upon completion of their graduate programs. An electronic survey was developed to investigate these three areas and was emailed to 518 SLPs from across the United States. One hundred forty (140) surveys were completed. The survey responses indicated that the SLPs were familiar with a majority of their possible roles in the NICU. However, a significant majority of the SLPs did not feel prepared for NICU practice following graduation from graduate school. Further research is needed to determine which topics of education would best help prepare students for careers in the NICU, as well as to support SLPs’ involvement in a variety of roles within the NICU.
Effect of PNF technique for knee muscles on lower limb performance in subacute stroke – an experimental study

Abstract Background: Approximately two-thirds of stroke survivors have sequel of neurological impairments. Although all sequels have direct impact on the performance of activities of daily living, motor deficits of the lower limbs have the most important impact on an individual’s functioning. The objective was to study the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) technique on lower limb performance in subjects with subacute stroke. Methods: Thirteen participants with subacute strokes were recruited. Participants were treated with PNF rhythmic stabilization technique. All participants received 10 days of intervention. Treatment sessions consisted of PNF rhythmic stabilization exercises for knee that utilizes alternating isometric contractions of agonist and antagonist against resistance. Lower limb performances were measured with Modified Emory Functional Ambulation Profile, Five Time Sit To Stand Test and Postural Assessment Scale For Stroke. Results: Lower limb performances were improved after 10 days of intervention as compared to baseline assessment in all the outcome measures. Conclusions: This study suggests that the rhythmic stabilization technique is an effective method to improve lower limb function that can be used as an adjunct with other therapies.
Exploring Sample/Feature Hybrid Transfer for Gear Fault Diagnosis Under Varying Working Conditions

Unknown environmental noise and varying operation conditions negatively affect gear fault diagnosis (GFD) performance. In this paper, the sample/feature hybrid transfer learning (TL) strategies are adopted for GFD under varying working conditions, where source working conditions are considered to help the learning of target working conditions. Here, a multiple domains-feature vector is extracted where certain insensitive features offset the adverse effects of varying working conditions on sensitive features, including time domain, frequency domain, noise domain, and torque domain. Before TL, the signed-rank and chi-square test-based similarity estimation frame is adopted to select source data sets, aiming to reduce the possibility of negative transfer. Then, the hybrid transfer model, including the fast TrAdaBoost and partial model-based transfer (PMT) algorithm, is carried out, whose weights are allocated in sample and feature, respectively. Related experiments were conducted on the drivetrain dynamics simulator, which proves that feature transfer is more suitable for low-quality source domains while sample transfer is more suitable for high-quality source domains. Compared with non-transfer strategy, transfer learning is a useful tool to solve a practical GFD problem when facing with multiple working conditions, thus enhancing the universality and application value in fault diagnosis field.
Seletividade de extratos naturais a pragas, inimigos naturais, parasitoides e predadores em sistema de produção agroecológico vegetal

RESUMO: A busca por compostos naturais com atividade inseticida tem sido considerada uma estratégia promissora. Metabólitos secundários de plantas podem inibir o desenvolvimento de insetos sendo repelentes e/ou atraindo alguns insetos que oferecem defesa à planta. A utilização de metabólitos de plantas é uma perspectiva limpa para o controle de insetos-praga. Os óleos essenciais são misturas de compostos lipossolúveis. Atualmente, mais de seis centenas de espécies de cento e dez famílias de plantas foram identificadas como apresentando atividade inseticida efetiva, sendo as Solanáceas uma das principais famílias. Pesquisas com inseticidas botânicos têm vantagens e limitações. O número de espécies de insetos descritos pela ciência é estimado em um milhão, apenas 10% podem ser categorizados como pragas. Extratos alcoólicos foram obtidos de folhas verdes de Cyperus rotundus, Phyllanthus tenellus, Ricinus communis e de sementes de Carica papaya. As áreas de produção agroecológicas vegetal foram dividas em transectos. Parte destes foram tratados com os extratos alcoólicos. Nesta pesquisa foram coletados, com auxílio de armadilhas, um total de 9.330 artrópodes. A partir dos resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa é possível concluir que: o extrato de Carica papaya apresentou uma eficiência de 84,2% na mortalidade de lagartas.
Graph of Outputs in the Process of Synthesis Directed at CPLDs

The paper focuses on the methodology of designing a cyber physical systems (CPS) physical layer using programmable devices. The CPS physical layer can be implemented in programmable devices, which leads to a reduction in their costs and increases their versatility. One of the groups of programmable devices are complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), which are great for energy-saving, low-cost implementations but requiring flexibility. It becomes necessary to develop mathematical CPS design methods focused on CPLD. This paper presents an original technology mapping method for digital circuits in programmable array logic (PAL)-based CPLDs. The idea is associated with the process of multilevel optimization of circuits dedicated to minimization of the area of a final solution. In the technology mapping process, the method of a multioutput function was used in the graph of outputs form. This method is well known from previous papers and proposes optimization of a basic form of the graph of outputs to enable better use of the resources of a programmable structure. The possibilities for the graph of outputs were expanded in the form of sequential circuits. This work presents a new form of a graph that describes the process of mapping and is known as the graph of excitations and outputs. This graph enables effective technology mapping of sequential circuits. The paper presents a series of experiments that prove the efficiency of the proposed methods for technology mapping. Experiments were conducted for various sizes of PAL-based logic blocks and commercially available CPLDs. The presented results indicate the possibility of more effective implementation of the CPS physical layer.
Temporal changes of seismic velocities in the San Jacinto Fault zone associated with the 2016 Mw 5.2 Borrego Springs earthquake

S U M M A R Y We study temporal changes of seismic velocities associated with the 10 June 2016 Mw 5.2 Borrego Springs earthquake in the San Jacinto fault zone, using nine component Green’s function estimates reconstructed from daily cross correlations of ambient noise. The analysed data are recorded by stations in two dense linear arrays, at Dry Wash (DW) and Jackass Flat (JF), crossing the fault surface trace ∼3 km northwest and southeast of the event epicentre. The two arrays have 9 and 12 stations each with instrument spacing of 25–100 m. Relative velocity changes (δv/v) are estimated from arrival time changes in the daily correlation coda waveforms compared to a reference stack. The obtained array-average δv/v time-series exhibit changes associated with the Borrego Springs event, superposed with seasonal variations. The earthquake-related changes are characterized by a rapid coseismic velocity drop followed by a gradual recovery. This is consistently observed at both arrays using timeand frequencydomain δv/v analyses with data from different components in various frequency bands. Larger changes at lower frequencies imply that the variations are not limited to the near surface material. A decreasing coseismic velocity reduction with coda wave lapse time indicates larger coseismic structural perturbations in the fault zone and near-fault environment compared to the surrounding rock. Observed larger changes at the DW array compared to the JF array possibly reflect the northwestward rupture directivity of the Borrego Springs earthquake.