Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A series of five population‐specific Indian brain templates and atlases spanning ages 6–60 years

Anatomical brain templates are commonly used as references in neurological MRI studies, for bringing data into a common space for group‐level statistics and coordinate reporting. Given the inherent variability in brain morphology across age and geography, it is important to have templates that are as representative as possible for both age and population. A representative‐template increases the accuracy of alignment, decreases distortions as well as potential biases in final coordinate reports. In this study, we developed and validated a new set of T1w Indian brain templates (IBT) from a large number of brain scans (total n = 466) acquired across different locations and multiple 3T MRI scanners in India. A new tool in AFNI, make_template_dask. py, was created to efficiently make five age‐specific IBTs (ages 6–60 years) as well as maximum probability map (MPM) atlases for each template; for each age‐group's template–atlas pair, there is both a “population‐average” and a “typical” version. Validation experiments on an independent Indian structural and functional‐MRI dataset show the appropriateness of IBTs for spatial normalization of Indian brains. The results indicate significant structural differences when comparing the IBTs and MNI template, with these differences being maximal along the Anterior–Posterior and Inferior–Superior axes, but minimal Left–Right. For each age‐group, the MPM brain atlases provide reasonably good representation of the native‐space volumes in the IBT space, except in a few regions with high intersubject variability. These findings provide evidence to support the use of age and population‐specific templates in human brain mapping studies.
Synthesis,Characterization and in vitro Antibacterial Activities of Curcumin Derivatives

Objective:To study the synthesis,characterization and in vitro antibacterial activity of curcumin derivatives.Methods:Four target compounds were synthesized with phenylamine,phenylhydrazine,4-toluidine,2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and curcumin based on the characteristics of curcumin molecule structure,containing two carbonyl groups.Their antibacterial activities in vitro against Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli and Pseudcomonas aeruginosa were examined respectively.Results:Four kinds of Schiff bases(three novel compounds,1～3) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis,UV-vis,IR spectrum and(()~1H)-NMR.Conclusions:The four compounds shows different antibacterial activity,Schiff bases(4) shows significant antibacterial activity in these compounds.
Incidence of interval breast cancer among women aged 45–49 in an organised mammography screening setting

Objective To estimate the proportional incidence (PI) of first- and second-year interval breast cancer among women aged 45–49. Methods In the Emilia-Romagna Region (northern Italy), women aged 45–49 are invited to mammography screening annually, and women aged 50–74 biennially. For younger ones, the proportional incidence of interval cancer in the first and unique interval year was calculated using standard methods. For the second, hypothetical year, it was estimated using two different estimates of the ratio between the second- and the first-year proportional incidence observed among women aged 50–54. Overall, 567,151 negative mammography records were used. Results In the first interval year, the observed proportional incidence of interval cancer among women aged 45–49 was 0.27 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.22–0.33), within the European limit considered desirable for women aged 50–69 (<0.30). In the second, hypothetical interval year, the estimated proportional incidence ranged from 0.61 (95% CI, 0.43–0.86) to 0.48 (95% CI, 0.31–0.76) depending on whether the estimate was based on data from the pre-digital or digital era, respectively. Conclusion The more up-to-date estimate of 0.48, slightly below the maximum limit considered acceptable for women aged 50–69 (<0.50), suggests that a screening interval of two years may also be an acceptable option for women aged 45–49.
Immunopathogenesis of hidradenitis suppurativa and response to anti–TNF-α therapy

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a highly prevalent, morbid inflammatory skin disease with limited treatment options. The major cell types and inflammatory pathways in skin of patients with HS are poorly understood, and which patients will respond to TNF-α blockade is currently unknown. We discovered that clinically and histologically healthy appearing skin (i.e., nonlesional skin) is dysfunctional in patients with HS with a relative loss of immune regulatory pathways. HS skin lesions were characterized by quantitative and qualitative dysfunction of type 2 conventional dendritic cells, relatively reduced regulatory T cells, an influx of memory B cells, and a plasma cell/plasmablast infiltrate predominantly in end-stage fibrotic skin. At the molecular level, there was a relative bias toward the IL-1 pathway and type 1 T cell responses when compared with both healthy skin and psoriatic patient skin. Anti–TNF-α therapy markedly attenuated B cell activation with minimal effect on other inflammatory pathways. Finally, we identified an immune activation signature in skin before anti–TNF-α treatment that correlated with subsequent lack of response to this modality. Our results reveal the fundamental immunopathogenesis of HS and provide a molecular foundation for future studies focused on stratifying patients based on likelihood of clinical response to TNF-α blockade.
Digital Cognitive Behavior Therapy Intervention for Depression and Anxiety: Retrospective Study

Background Digital mental health interventions offer a scalable solution that reduces barriers to seeking care for clinical depression and anxiety. Objective We aimed to examine the effectiveness of a 12-week therapist supported, app-based cognitive behavioral therapy program in improving symptoms of depression and anxiety within 9 months. Methods A total of 323 participants with mild to moderately severe depression or anxiety were enrolled in a 12-week digital cognitive behavior therapy program. The analysis was restricted to participants who provided at least one follow-up assessment after baseline. As a result, 146 participants (45.2%) were included in the analysis—74 (50.7%) participants completed assessments at 3 months, 31 participants (21.2%) completed assessments at 6 months, and 21 participants (14.4%) completed assessments at 9 months. The program included structured lessons and tools (ie, exercises and practices) as well as one-on-one weekly video counseling sessions with a licensed therapist for 12 weeks and monthly check-in sessions for 1 year. The clinically validated Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) were used to assess depression and anxiety, respectively. Linear mixed-effects modeling was employed to examine changes in depression and anxiety over time. Results We observed a significant positive effect of program time on improvement in depression (β=–0.12, P<.001) and anxiety scores (β=–0.10, P<.001). At the end of the 12-week intervention, we observed an average reduction of 3.76 points (95% CI –4.76 to –2.76) in PHQ-8 scores. Further reductions in depression were seen at program month 6 (4.75-point reduction, 95% CI –6.61 to –2.88) and program month 9 (6.42-point reduction, 95% CI –8.66 to –6.55, P<.001). A similar pattern of improvement emerged for anxiety, with a 3.17-point reduction at the end of the 12-week intervention (95% CI –4.21 to –2.13). These improvements were maintained at program month 6 (4.87-point reduction, 95% CI –6.85 to –2.87) and program month 9 (5.19-point, 95% –6.85 to 4.81). In addition, greater program engagement during the first 12 weeks predicted a greater reduction in depression (β=–0.29, P<.001) Conclusions The results suggest that digital interventions can support sustained and clinically meaningful improvements in depression and anxiety. Furthermore, it appears that strong initial digital mental health intervention engagement may facilitate this effect. However, the study was limited by postintervention participant attrition as well as the retrospective observational study design.
Control, trust and the sharing of health information: the limits of trust

Clinical information about patients is increasingly being stored in electronic form and has therefore become more easily shareable. Data are collected as part of clinical care but have multiple other potential uses in relation to health system planning, audit and research. The use of clinical information for these secondary uses is controversial, and the ability to safeguard personal and sensitive data under current practices is contested. In this study, we investigate the attitudes of a representative sample of the Danish population towards transfer of clinical data from their general practice for secondary use. We specifically study: (1) patients’ trust in different types of healthcare professionals, (2) their interest in being asked about secondary use of data and (3) their willingness to dispense from a requirement of informed consent based on their trust in healthcare professionals. We find that adult Danes are positive towards research that use patient data, and they generally trust general practitioners, hospitals and researchers to treat their data confidentially. Nevertheless, they feel that they have a right to control the use of their data, only 7.3% disagreeing, and that the data belong to them, only 14.0% disagreeing. Answers to further questions about the relation between trust, information and consent show that although trust modifies the wish for information and consent, there is still a strong view that the patient should control the use of data. We find no differences between those who have frequent contact with the healthcare system and those who do not.
Tumor necrosis factors‐α inhibition‐induced paradoxical psoriasis: A case series and literature review

Today, anti‐12/IL23, anti‐IL17, and anti‐IL23 provide more efficacious and/or safer treatment options for psoriasis. Though, anti‐TNF remains a gold standard in the therapy of chronic inflammatory diseases. Paradoxical psoriasis has been reported to occur in patients treated with TNF‐α inhibitors. According to the existing literature, including case reports, most patients with paradoxical psoriasis chose to stop the treatment immediately. This article presents a case series involving 150 patients with psoriasis who received treatments with TNF‐α inhibitors. We observed 10 (6.7%) patients developing paradoxical psoriasis, and they rejected the recommendation of immediate discontinuation and decided to continue the original treatment. Surprisingly, 80% of them achieved remission again after the aggravation of symptoms and did not have any other serious adverse event. However, there is currently little research that has clarified the mechanism of paradoxical psoriasis. Therefore, we also presented a review of the literature to determine the pathogenesis of paradoxical psoriasis and speculated on the possible causes of the observed transient exacerbation cases. Investigation of the pathogenesis of this paradoxical adverse reaction not only is helpful to guide clinicians to better manage patients, but also may contribute to the discovery of new therapeutic targets in the future.
Rabgap1 promotes recycling of active β1 integrins to support effective cell migration

ABSTRACT Integrin function depends on the continuous internalization of integrins and their subsequent endosomal recycling to the plasma membrane to drive adhesion dynamics, cell migration and invasion. Here we assign a pivotal role for Rabgap1 (GAPCenA) in the recycling of endocytosed active β1 integrins to the plasma membrane. The phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain of Rabgap1 binds to the membrane-proximal NPxY motif in the cytoplasmic domain of β1 integrin subunits on endosomes. Silencing Rabgap1 in mouse fibroblasts leads to the intracellular accumulation of active β1 integrins, alters focal adhesion formation, and decreases cell migration and cancer cell invasion. Functionally, Rabgap1 facilitates active β1 integrin recycling to the plasma membrane through attenuation of Rab11 activity. Taken together, our results identify Rabgap1 as an important factor for conformation-specific integrin trafficking and define the role of Rabgap1 in β1-integrin-mediated cell migration in mouse fibroblasts and breast cancer cells. Highlighted Article: The β1 integrin interactor Rabgap1 promotes recycling of active β1 integrins from endosomes to enhance cell migration on 2D surfaces as well as cell invasion into a 3D matrix.
The Toxicity and Effects of Herbicide-butachlor on Growth and Development of Spiders in the Rice-field

The toxicity of herbicide-butachlor to four species of spiders(Pirata subpiraticus,Pardosa pseudoannulata,Tetragnatha maxillosa,Ummeliata insecticeps)collected from the rice fields was tested by the dipping method and raising in the experimental room.Then the effect of butachlor at low concentration on the growth and development of P.subpiraticus was investigated in the laboratory.The results showed that high-concentration herbicide-butachlor was strongly toxic to the spiders and the LC_ 50 order of butachlor to spiders was P.pseudoannulataP.subpiraticus T.maxillosaU.insecticeps.And U.insecticeps was the most sensitive to the butachlor,LC_ 50 reached 9.616 05 mg/L.Butachlor also had significant influence on the body weight,survival rate and life history of P.subpiraticus. Compared with the blank,the body weight and the rate of female to male of P.subpiraticus were significant.Generally,the butachlor prolonged the development for 10 d of P.subpiraticus,and decreased the survival rate to 43.4%.
Ozone tolerant maize hybrids maintain Rubisco content and activity during long‐term exposure in the field

Abstract Ozone pollution is a damaging air pollutant that reduces maize yields equivalently to nutrient deficiency, heat, and aridity stress. Therefore, understanding the physiological and biochemical responses of maize to ozone pollution and identifying traits predictive of ozone tolerance is important. In this study, we examined the physiological, biochemical and yield responses of six maize hybrids to elevated ozone in the field using Free Air Ozone Enrichment. Elevated ozone stress reduced photosynthetic capacity, in vivo and in vitro, decreasing Rubisco content, but not activation state. Contrary to our hypotheses, variation in maize hybrid responses to ozone was not associated with stomatal limitation or antioxidant pools in maize. Rather, tolerance to ozone stress in the hybrid B73 × Mo17 was correlated with maintenance of leaf N content. Sensitive lines showed greater ozone‐induced senescence and loss of photosynthetic capacity compared to the tolerant line.
Oleuropein: A Potential Inhibitor for Prostate Cancer Cell Motility by Blocking Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels

Abstract In this study, we investigated whether olive leaf and oleuropein have the potential to stop cell motility, which a metastatic cell behavior by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs). For this purpose, it was first prepared the aqueous extract of olive leaves (AOLE). Then it was assayed the effect on the motility of MAT-LyLu, a highly metastatic Dunning rat prostate adenocarcinoma cells of this extract. The phenolic content of AOLE was analyzed using LC-MS/MS instrument. It was observed that oleuropein was the most finding compound in AOLE. Therefore, whether oleuropein was responsible for the inhibitory effect of AOLE on the MAT-LyLu cell movement was tested. Nontoxic oleuropein concentrations and those that did not affect proliferation on MAT-LyLu cells were determined. Subsequently, it was examined the effects of oleuropein on the lateral and vertical movement of MAT-LyLu cells. To elucidate the mechanism of oleuropein affecting cell motility, whether it suppressed mRNA expression of SCN9A, which encodes the VGSC was analyzed. Accordingly, oleuropein suppressed the movement of MAT-LyLu cells by reducing SCN9A mRNA expression. In conclusion, we report the first time that oleuropein might be considered as a potential antimetastatic agent for prostate cancer due to its blocking effect on VGSC-mediated cell motility.
Immune-triggering effect of the foodborne parasite Kudoa septempunctata through the C-type lectin Mincle in HT29 cells

Kudoa septempunctata is a myxozoan parasite that causes food poisoning in individuals consuming olive flounder. The present study aimed to investigate the currently insufficiently elucidated early molecular mechanisms of inflammatory responses in the intestine owing to parasite ingestion. After Kudoa spores were isolated from olive flounder, HT29 cells were exposed to spores identified to be alive using SYTO-9 and propidium iodide staining or to antigens of Kudoa spores (KsAg). IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α and NFKB1 expression and NF-κB activation were assessed using real-time PCR, cytokine array and western blotting. The immunofluorescence of FITC-conjugated lectins, results of ligand binding assays using Mincle-Fc and IgG-Fc, CLEC4E expres-sions in response to KsAg stimulation, and Mincle-dependent NF-κB activation were assessed to clarify the early immunetriggering mechanism. Inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, GM-CSF and TNF-α), chemokines (IL-8, CCL2, CCL5 and CXCL1) and NF-κB activation (pNF-κB/NF-κB) in HT29 cells increased following stimulation by KsAg. The immunofluorescence results of spores and lectins (concanavalin A and wheat germ agglu-tinin) suggested the importance of Mincle in molecular recog-nition between Kudoa spores and intestinal cells. Practically, data for Mincle-Fc and KsAg binding affinity, CLEC4E mRNA expression, Mincle immunofluorescence staining and hMincle-dependent NF-κB activation demonstrated the involvement of Mincle in the early immune-triggering mechanism. The present study newly elucidated that the molecular recognition and immune-triggering mechanism of K. septempunctata are associated with Mincle on human intestinal epithelial cells.
Noncanonical Roles of tRNAs: tRNA Fragments and Beyond.

As one of the most abundant and conserved RNA species, transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are well known for their role in reading the codons on messenger RNAs and translating them into proteins. In this review, we discuss the noncanonical functions of tRNAs. These include tRNAs as precursors to novel small RNA molecules derived from tRNAs, also called tRNA-derived fragments, that are abundant across species and have diverse functions in different biological processes, including regulating protein translation, Argonaute-dependent gene silencing, and more. Furthermore, the role of tRNAs in biosynthesis and other regulatory pathways, including nutrient sensing, splicing, transcription, retroelement regulation, immune response, and apoptosis, is reviewed. Genome organization and sequence variation of tRNA genes are also discussed in light of their noncanonical functions. Lastly, we discuss the recent applications of tRNAs in genome editing and microbiome sequencing. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Genetics, Volume 54 is November 23, 2020. Please see http://www.annualreviews. org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Harnessing Phones to Target Pediatric Populations with Socially Complex Needs: Systematic Review

Background Mobile and smartphones are owned and accessed by many, making them a potentially optimal delivery mechanism to reach pediatric patients with socially complex needs (ie, pediatric populations who face overlapping adversities). Objective To address the specialized needs of youth from such groups, this review synthesized the literature exploring the use of phone-based delivery to access pediatric populations with socially complex needs, targeting mental and behavioral health outcomes. The purpose of this synthesis was to provide recommendations for future research developing phone-based interventions for youth with socially complex needs. Methods A trained medical librarian conducted the search strategy in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane CENTRAL Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Google Scholar. Studies targeting youth with socially complex needs were defined by recruiting samples that were primarily from traditionally underserved populations (ie, sex/gender minorities, racial/ethnic background, low socioeconomic status, rural/remote location, and sexual orientation). A systematic narrative framework was utilized and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed (registration number CRD42020141212). Results A total of 14 studies met the inclusion criteria, with 3 depicting the use of phones to complete assessment and tracking goals and 11 to intervene on mental and behavioral health targets. Conclusions The literature indicates important directions for future research, including (1) involving diverse and representative teens (ie, the likely users of the interventions), stakeholders, and clinical/research staff; (2) integrating evidence-based therapies with minority-focused theories; (3) harnessing mobile device capabilities; and (4) considering and assessing for potential costs in phones as delivery mechanisms. Trial Registration PROSPERO CRD42020141212; https://www.crd. york.ac. uk/prospero/display_record. php? RecordID=141212
Obesity is common in chronic kidney disease and associates with greater antihypertensive usage and proteinuria: evidence from a cross‐sectional study in a tertiary nephrology centre

Obesity is a treatable risk factor for chronic kidney disease progression. We audited the reporting of body‐mass index in nephrology outpatient clinics to establish the characteristics of individuals with obesity in nephrology practice. Body‐mass index, clinical information and biochemical measures were recorded for patients attending clinics between 3rd August, 2018 and 18th January, 2019. Inferential statistics and Pearson correlations were used to investigate relationships between body‐mass index, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and proteinuria. Mean ± SD BMI was 28.6 ± 5.8 kg/m2 (n = 374). Overweight and obesity class 1 were more common in males (P = .02). Amongst n = 123 individuals with obesity and chronic kidney disease, mean ± SD age, n (%) female and median[IQR] eGFR were 64.1 ± 14.2 years, 52 (42.3%) and 29.0[20.5] mL/min/BSA, respectively. A positive correlation between increasing body‐mass index and proteinuria was observed in such patients (r = 0.21, P = .03), which was stronger in males and those with CKD stages 4 and 5. Mean body‐mass index was 2.3 kg/m2 higher in those treated with 4‐5 versus 0‐1 antihypertensives (P = .03). Amongst n = 59 patients with obesity, chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes, 2 (3.5%) and 0 (0%) were prescribed a GLP‐1 receptor analogue and SGLT2‐inhibitor, respectively. Our data provides a strong rationale not only for measuring body‐mass index but also for acting on the information in nephrology practice, although prospective studies are required to guide treatment decisions in people with obesity and chronic kidney disease.