Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Alternative Therapies for Arthritis Treatment: Part 1

Because conventional treatment options focus mostly on pain management, an increasing number of the 43 million people with arthritis are seeking alternative methods of disease management to improve their quality of life. According to a 1998 survey (Eisenberg et al., 1998), those who have used alternative methods to manage their diseases are included in the 50% of Americans who have tried an alternative treatment modality. As the first in a two-part series, this article reviews the historical use of selected alternative therapies and provides current information that will help orthopaedic nurses and other healthcare providers to advise their patients on the use of such treatment modalities.
PATHOLOGICAL PHYSIOLOGY AND GENERAL PATHOLOGY EMOTIONAL BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS IN RATS FOLLOWING INJECTION OF SUBCONVULSANT DOSES OF METRAZOL

Subconvulsant doses of the analeptic metrazol induce a state of anxiety and fear in man and behavioral changes in animals assessed as anxietylike in traditional tests for anxiety [10, 11, 14]. The writers showed previously that the pathogenesis of syndromes of emotional-behavioral disorders resembling depressive and psychotic states in rats is connected with the formation of a pathological system (PS) in the brain, with a pathological determinant (PD) in certain limbic structures [5, 6]. In the investigation described below an attempt was made to find corresponding behavioral changes and changes in electrical activity (EA) of various deep brain structures in rats following systemic administration of subconvulsant doses of metrazol.
Benefiting from the community structure in opportunistic forwarding

In Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs), an end-to-end connectivity cannot be assumed for node mobility and lack of infrastructure. Due to the uncertainty in nodal mobility, routing in DTNs becomes a challenging problem. To cope with this, many researchers proposed opportunistic routing algorithms based on some utilities. However, these simple metrics may only capture one facet of the single node’s mobility process, which cannot reflect the inherent structure of the networks well. Recently, some researchers introduce the Complex network analysis (CNA) to formulate and predict the future contact in DTNs. The community structure is one of the most important properties of CNA. And it reveals the inherent structure of the complex network. In this paper, we present a community-based single-copy forwarding protocol for DTNs routing, which efficiently utilizes the community structure to improve the forwarding efficiency. Simulation results are presented to support the effectiveness of our scheme.
Identification of Bloodmeal Sources and Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in Triatomine Bugs (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) from Residential Settings in Texas, the United States

ABSTRACT The host-vector-parasite interactions in Chagas disease peridomestic transmission cycles in the United States are not yet well understood. Trypanosoma cruzi (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) infection prevalence and bloodmeal sources were determined for adult and immature triatomine (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) specimens collected from residential settings in central Texas. Sequenced cytochrome b DNA segments obtained from triatomine digestive tract identified nine vertebrate hosts and one invertebrate host in four triatomine species (Triatoma gerstaeckeri, Triatoma indictiva, Triatoma protracta, and Triatoma sanguisuga). The broad range of wild and domestic host species detected in triatomine specimens collected from residential sites indicates high host diversity and potential movement between the sylvatic and peridomestic settings. Domestic dogs appear to be key in the maintenance of the peridomestic transmission cycle as both a blood host for the triatomine vectors and a potential reservoir for the parasite. The high rate of T. cruzi infection among triatomine specimens that were collected from inside houses, outside houses, and dog kennels (69, 81, and 82%, respectively) suggests a current risk for Chagas disease vector-borne transmission for humans and domestic animals in residential settings in Texas because of overlap with the sylvatic cycle.
Inhibition of Tumor Cell Proliferation by σ Ligands Is Associated with K+ Channel Inhibition and p27kip1 Accumulation

Previous studies have shown that σ receptors are overexpressed in tumor cells. However, the role of σ receptors remains enigmatic. Recently, we and others have demonstrated that σ-1 receptor modulates K+ channels in pituitary. In the present report, patch-clamp and Western blot assays were used in small cell lung cancer (SCLC, NCI-H209, and NCI-H146) and leukemic (Jurkat) cell lines to investigate the effects of σ ligands on voltage-gated K+ channels and cell proliferation. The σ ligands (+)-pentazocine, igmesine, and 1,3-di(2-tolyl)guanidine (DTG) all reversibly inhibited voltage-activated K+ currents in both cell lines. The potency of σ ligand-induced inhibition (10 μM) was igmesine = (+)-pentazocine > DTG, pointing to the involvement of σ-1 receptors. Addition of the K+ channel blockers tetraethylammonium (TEA) and 4-aminopyridin or one of cited σ ligands in the culture media reversibly inhibited Jurkat cell growth. Interestingly, K+ channel blockers and σ ligands caused an accumulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27kip1 and a decrease in cyclin A expression in Jurkat and SCLC cells, whereas no effect could be detected on p21cip1. Moreover, σ ligands and TEA had no effect on caspase 3 activity. Accordingly, incubation of cells with σ ligands did not provoke DNA laddering. These data demonstrate that σ ligands and voltage-dependent channel blockers inhibit cell growth through a cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase but not via an apoptotic mechanism. Altogether, these results indicate that the σ-1 receptor-induced inhibition of the cell cycle is, at least in part, the consequence of the inhibition of K+ channels.
The Distinction Between Primary and Metastatic Mucinous Carcinomas of the Ovary: Gross and Histologic Findings in 50 Cases

The gross and routine microscopic features of 25 stage I primary mucinous ovarian carcinomas without clinical evidence of recurrence and 25 mucinous carcinomas metastatic to the ovaries were compared. Findings that were frequent in the latter and strongly favored a metastasis were: 1) bilaterality, 2) microscopic surface involvement by epithelial cells (surface implants), and 3) an infiltrative pattern of stromal invasion. Findings that were less frequent but present exclusively or almost exclusively in metastatic carcinomas were: 1) a nodular invasive pattern, 2) ovarian hilar involvement, 3) single cell invasion, 4) signet-ring cells, 5) vascular invasion, and 6) microscopic surface mucin. Findings that were frequent in, and strongly favored, primary ovarian carcinoma were: 1) an “expansile” pattern of invasion and 2) a complex papillary pattern. Findings that were less frequent but also favored a primary tumor were: 1) size >10 cm, 2) a smooth external surface, 3) benign-appearing and borderline-appearing areas, 4) microscopic cystic glands, and 5) necrotic luminal debris. Findings that did not distinguish the tumors were: 1) a cystic gross appearance, 2) gross solid, papillary, necrotic, or hemorrhagic areas, 3) nature of cyst contents (mucinous vs nonmucinous), 4) stromal mucin (pseudomyxoma ovarii), 5) cribriform, villous, or solid growth patterns, 6) focal area resembling typical colonic carcinoma, 7) goblet cells, or 8) tumor grade. Primary and metastatic mucinous ovarian carcinomas can be distinguished from each other in the great majority of cases based solely on their conventional histopathologic findings. Careful gross evaluation is also important with special attention paid to the external surface of the ovarian tumor(s) to detect abnormalities that have the features of surface implants on microscopic evaluation.
Enhancing online business marketing to expand market shares through IT governance

Online business marketing applied to expand market shares is inextricably connected with availability and reliability of IT governance. This model of marketing covers activities and transactions with a digital mechanism. This research included the sample of 30 MSME (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises) businesses of traditional and finished clothes originated in Pontianak City. Stratified sampling technique was applied. In addition, questionnaires with each process divided based upon the levels were in use. These levels were served by using Guttman Scales. The aims of this research were to cognize gap values of maturity levels and propose a recent model of IT governance to reach expected maturity levels. Results show that the lowest values of maturity levels are at PO8 (2.336) and DS5 (2.560). Therefore, redefinition of information architectures, IT resources, quality management, estimation and management of IT risks, system improvement of IT infrastructure management, IT investment strategies, and communication are of great importance. A recommended model shows that PO8 is related to input control objectives PO1, PO10 and ME1 as well as output control objectives AI1, AI2, AI3, AI5, DS2, PO10, AI1, AI2, AI3, AI7, ALL, PO4, and AI6. Meanwhile, DS5 is associated with input control objectives PO2, PO3, PO9, AI2, and DS1 as well as output control objectives DS8, DS7, ME1, AI6, PO9, and DS11.
Towards Student Success Prediction

University information systems offer a vast amount of data which potentially contains additional hidden information and relations. Such knowledge can be used to improve the teaching and facilitate the educational process. In this paper, we introduce methods based on a data mining approach and a social network analysis to predict student grade performance. We focus on cases in which we can predict student success or failure with high accuracy. Machine learning algorithms can be employed with the average accuracy of 81.4%. We have defined rules based on grade averages of students and their friends that achieved the precision of 97% and the recall of 53%. We have also used rules based on study-related data where the best two achieved the precision of 96% and the recall was nearly 35%. The derived knowledge can be successfully utilized as a basis for a course enrollment recommender system.
Trends in Hospitalization and Mortality for Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Unruptured Aneurysms in the United States

OBJECTIVE:During the past decade, endovascular obliteration of intracranial aneurysms and new treatments for vasospasm and cerebral ischemia have been introduced. To analyze the effectiveness of these new strategies, we evaluated changes in morbidity and mortality rates in patients at least 18 years of age who were hospitalized for ruptured and unruptured intracranial aneurysms during the past 16 years. METHODS:National estimates of hospitalization for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and unruptured intracranial aneurysms and associated in-hospital outcomes and mortality were obtained from National Hospital Discharge Survey data. All the variables pertaining to hospitalization were compared for three distinct time periods: 1986–1990, 1991–1995, and 1996–2001. RESULTS:There were 94,692, 104,746, and 133,269 admissions for SAH during the periods 1986–1990, 1991–1995, and 1996–2001, respectively. Mortality rates for hospitalizations related to SAH demonstrated no significant change in mortality during the periods 1986–1990, 1991–1995, and 1996–2001 (27.6%, 24.6%, and 26.3%, respectively. Procedures performed for SAH from 1996 to 2001 included surgical clipping (28%), endovascular/wrapping (2%), and no procedure (70%). The number of admissions for unruptured intracranial aneurysms was 23,481 from 1986 to 1990, 28,017 from 1991 to 1995, and 51,904 from 1996 to 2001. There was an overall trend (P = 0.07) toward reduced in-hospital mortality during the three periods: 5.9%, 6.3%, and 1.4% for 1986–1990, 1991–1995, and 1996–2001, respectively. CONCLUSION:The mortality rate for unruptured intracranial aneurysms demonstrates a significant trend of reduction during the past 16 years. The mortality rate for SAH demonstrates limited change during the same period; it is presumed that this is attributable to the multitude of factors that influence outcome.
Formation of zinc aluminium layered double hydroxides: 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) butyrate nanocomposites by direct and indirect methods

4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) butyric acid (DPBA)was intercalated between the interlamellae of Zn/Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs). Two methods of intercalation were adopted,(a) direct synthesis by co-precipitation of metal nitrates and DPBA and (b) ion exchange of LDH nitrate with the organic anion. The resulting materials were characterized by x-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. Both methods afford well ordered nanocomposite materials at the same pH and ratio but at different concentrations. The x-ray diffraction patterns showed that the interlayer spacing distances increased from 8.9 A to 28.7 A and 29.4 A for DPBA-LDH synthesized by ion exchange method and by direct method, respectively. The optimum condition were obtained at DPBA concentration of 0.2 M by direct co-precipitation method compared to 0.025 M by ion exchange method.
Sentinel lymph node mapping in patients with operable non-small cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy and the role of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. MATERIAL AND METHOD This study was carried out on 25 consecutive patients [M/F=23(:)2, mean age 62.84 (47-81) years] with operable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). At thoracotomy, 0.25 mCi of Technecium(99m) (99mTc) nanocolloid was injected into each quadrant of lung tissue surrounding the tumor. Before resection scintigraphic measurements of lymph nodes were obtained in vivo and ex vivo using a hand-held gamma probe counter and the findings were compared with histological examination. SLN was defined as the node with the highest count rate. RESULTS SLNs were identified in 23 of 25 patients (92%) with a total number of 52 SLNs. Seven of 52 (13%) of these SLNs were positive for metastatic involvement after histological and immunohistochemical examination. In two patients (8%), SLNs could not be found. The sensitivity and specificity were 55% and 86% respectively. CONCLUSIONS This technic is a good method for identifying the first site of potential nodal metastases of NSCLC. These preliminary results demonstrate this procedure is feasible, but the detection rate has to be improved.
Next-generation sequencing identifies rare variants associated with Noonan syndrome

Significance Noonan syndrome (NS) is one of several RASopathies, which are developmental disorders caused by mutations in genes encoding RAS-ERK pathway components. The cause of 20–30% of NS cases remains unknown, and distinguishing NS from other RASopathies and related disorders can be difficult. We used next-generation sequencing (NGS) to identify causative or candidate genes for 13 of 27 NS patients lacking known NS-associated mutations. Other patients harbor single variants in potential RAS-ERK pathway genes, suggesting rare private variants or other genetic mechanisms of NS pathogenesis. We also found mutations in causative genes for other developmental syndromes, which together with clinical reevaluation, prompted revision of the diagnosis. NGS can aid in the challenging diagnosis of young patients with developmental syndromes. Noonan syndrome (NS) is a relatively common genetic disorder, characterized by typical facies, short stature, developmental delay, and cardiac abnormalities. Known causative genes account for 70–80% of clinically diagnosed NS patients, but the genetic basis for the remaining 20–30% of cases is unknown. We performed next-generation sequencing on germ-line DNA from 27 NS patients lacking a mutation in the known NS genes. We identified gain-of-function alleles in Ras-like without CAAX 1 (RIT1) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MAP2K1) and previously unseen loss-of-function variants in RAS p21 protein activator 2 (RASA2) that are likely to cause NS in these patients. Expression of the mutant RASA2, MAP2K1, or RIT1 alleles in heterologous cells increased RAS-ERK pathway activation, supporting a causative role in NS pathogenesis. Two patients had more than one disease-associated variant. Moreover, the diagnosis of an individual initially thought to have NS was revised to neurofibromatosis type 1 based on an NF1 nonsense mutation detected in this patient. Another patient harbored a missense mutation in NF1 that resulted in decreased protein stability and impaired ability to suppress RAS-ERK activation; however, this patient continues to exhibit a NS-like phenotype. In addition, a nonsense mutation in RPS6KA3 was found in one patient initially diagnosed with NS whose diagnosis was later revised to Coffin–Lowry syndrome. Finally, we identified other potential candidates for new NS genes, as well as potential carrier alleles for unrelated syndromes. Taken together, our data suggest that next-generation sequencing can provide a useful adjunct to RASopathy diagnosis and emphasize that the standard clinical categories for RASopathies might not be adequate to describe all patients.
Impact Exercise Increases BMC During Growth: An 8‐Year Longitudinal Study

Our aim was to assess BMC of the hip over 8 yr in prepubertal children who participated in a 7‐mo jumping intervention compared with controls who participated in a stretching program of equal duration. We hypothesized that jumpers would gain more BMC than control subjects. The data reported come from two cohorts of children who participated in separate, but identical, randomized, controlled, school‐based impact exercise interventions and reflect those subjects who agreed to long‐term follow‐up (N = 57; jumpers = 33, controls = 24; 47% of the original participants). BMC was assessed by DXA at baseline, 7 and 19 mo after intervention, and annually thereafter for 5 yr (eight visits over 8 yr). Multilevel random effects models were constructed and used to predict change in BMC from baseline at each measurement occasion. After 7 mo, those children that completed high‐impact jumping exercises had 3.6% more BMC at the hip than control subjects whom completed nonimpact stretching activities (p < 0.05) and 1.4% more BMC at the hip after nearly 8 yr (BMC adjusted for change in age, height, weight, and physical activity; p < 0.05). This provides the first evidence of a sustained effect on total hip BMC from short‐term high‐impact exercise undertaken in early childhood. If the benefits are sustained into young adulthood, effectively increasing peak bone mass, fracture risk in the later years could be reduced.
Impact assessment of dredging to remove coal fly ash at the Tennessee Valley Authority Kingston Fossil plant using fathead minnow elutriate exposures

On December 22, 2008, failure of an earthen containment structure resulted in the release of approximately 4.1 million m3 of coal fly ash into the Emory River and the surrounding area from the Tennessee Valley Authority Kingston Fossil Plant near Kingston, Tennessee, USA. The purpose of the present study was to assess the potential of dredging activities performed to remove the fly ash from the river to result in increased risk to pelagic fish, with special consideration of mobilization of metals. Elutriates were created using two sources of fly ash by bubbling with air over 10 d. This elutriate preparation method was designed to represent worst‐case conditions for oxidation, metal release, and dissolution. Larval and juvenile Pimephales promelas underwent 10‐d exposures to these elutriates. Larval end points included survival and biomass, and juvenile end points included survival, length, biomass, liver somatic index, and bioaccumulation. No significant toxicity was observed. Bioaccumulation of metals in juveniles was found to be primarily attributable to metals associated with particles in the gut. Results suggest little potential for toxicity to related fish species due to fly ash removal dredging activities given the extreme conditions represented by the elutriates in the present study. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:822–830. © 2013 SETAC
The importance of timing: The varying impact of childhood and adolescent maltreatment on multiple problem outcomes

A substantial body of literature suggests that childhood maltreatment is related to negative outcomes during adolescence, including delinquency, drug use, teenage pregnancy, and school failure. There has been relatively little research examining the impact that variation in the developmental stage during which the maltreatment occurs has on these relationships, however. In this paper, we reassess the impact of maltreatment on a number of adverse outcomes when developmentally specific measures of maltreatment—maltreatment that occurs only in childhood, only in adolescence, or in both childhood and adolescence—are considered. Data are drawn from the Rochester Youth Development Study, a broad-based longitudinal study of adolescent development. The analysis examines how maltreatment affects delinquency, drug use, alcohol-related problems, depressive symptoms, teen pregnancy, school dropout, and internalizing and externalizing problems during adolescence. We also examine whether the type of maltreatment experienced at various developmental stages influences the outcomes. Overall, our results suggest that adolescent and persistent maltreatment have stronger and more consistent negative consequences during adolescence than does maltreatment experienced only in childhood.
Kaksisuuntaisen mielialahäiriön diagnoosi ja kulku

Duodecim 1999; 115: 1889–96 Kaksisuuntaisella mielialahairiolla tarkoitetaan mielenterveyden hairiota, jota luonnehtii maanisten ja depressiivisten sairausjaksojen vaihtelu. Tyypin I bipolaarihairiossa esiintyy vakavien masennusjaksojen ohella joko maanisia tai sekamuotoisia jaksoja ja tyypin II hairiossa toistuvia hypomaanisia ja masennusjaksoja (kuva 1). Hairiota on aiemmin nimitetty maanis-depressiiviseksi psykoosiksi. Tama nimitys on osin harhaanjohtava, koska sairauteen ei valttamatta liity psykoottisia oireita ja se voi myos muodostua toistuvista sekamuotoisista jaksoista. Katsauksessa keskitytaan tyypin I bipolaarihairioon; tyypin II hairiota kasitellaan erillisessa artikkelissa (Isometsa, tassa numerossa).
Non-tilting out-of-plane mode high-Q mechanical silicon oscillator

A single-crystal silicon oscillator with a non-tilting out-of-plane vibrational mode and high-quality factor for the mechanical resonance was designed, fabricated and characterized. The finite-element method (FEM) was utilized before the fabrication process to simulate the oscillator behavior and give guidance in optimizing the design. At low pressure p =10−3 mbar and at room temperature, the resonance frequency and Q value were measured to be f0 = 26 526 Hz and Q = 100 000, respectively. The measured resonance frequency was in a good agreement with the simulated one, f0,FEM = 26 787 Hz. The actual mode pattern was verified by measurements and compared with the simulation result. An interferometric laser beam was scanned over the oscillator surface and position-dependent oscillation amplitudes were stored with the phase-sensitive detection. The oscillation was proved to occur effectively in a pure non-tilting out-of-plane mode. We propose to use this kind of micromechanical probe in various measurement schemes, where one needs to approach the surface with a single non-torsional plane. In addition, such an oscillator can be utilized as an optical mirror so that the optical mode can be kept the same when moving the mirror.