Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Increasing Hydrogen Photoproduction By Genetic Engineering

Reversible hydrogenases are enzymes which can reversibly produce molecular hydrogen from hydrogen ions. The overall objective of this project is to genetically transform certain high hydrogen producing strains of cyanobacteria with cloned reversible hydrogenase genes derived from well characterized cyanobacterial species. Within the past few years, several reversible hydrogenase gene clusters have been sequenced (Anacystis nidulans, Synechocystis PCC 6803, and Anabaena variabilis), and these sequences are available from GenBank. Based on the sequences, suitable PCR primers will be synthesized and used to amplify them. These will then be cloned into E. coli with the use of a commercially available cloning vector. Upon the successful cloning of the reversible hydrogenase gene clusters, these will be placed in a shuttle vector which can replicate in both E. coli and a given strain of cyanobacteria. The shuttle vector containing the reversible hydrogenase gene cluster will be introduced back into the cyanobacterial strain from which the cluster originated in the anticipation that the resulting higher copy number of the reversible hydrogenase genes will cause an increase in the reversible hydrogenase protein and in turn an increase in hydrogen production. The hydrogen production of the transformed cyanobacterial strain will be measured by gas chromatography. In addition, the amplified reversible hydrogenase gene cluster of a given strain will be introduced into the other cyanobacterial strains which contain a known cluster, and their hydrogen production measured. This will establish whether the reversible hydrogenase gene cluster of a particular strain can augment and complement the function of the gene cluster of a different strain in such a way as to increase the production of hydrogen. Finally, the cloned reversible hydrogenase gene clusters will be introduced into certain strains of nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria which already have a high rate of hydrogen production from their nitrogenase enzyme. The hydrogen production of
Physiological and molecular basis of extreme radioresistance in Deinococcus radiodurans

Deinococcus radiodurans is characterized for its extraordinary radioresistance. An efficient DNA strandbreak repair and strong oxidative stress tolerance are amongst the mechanisms that contribute to its extreme phenotypes. The multipartite genome structure, recombination repair without RecBC enzymes, absence of SOS response and the roles of serine/ threonine protein kinase in DNA damage response, and the small molecules protecting proteins from oxidative damage are some of the other unique features of this bacterium. Here, we review the most recent advances in our understanding on different aspects of D. radiodurans that are shown to be important for its extraordinary radioresistance.
Bus Arrival Prediction – to Ensure Users not to Miss the Bus

Predicting arrival times of buses is a key challenge in the context of building intelligent public transportation systems. The bus arrival time is the primary information for providing passengers with an accurate information system that can reduce passenger waiting times. In this paper, we used the normal distribution method to the random of travel times data in a bus line number 243 in Taipei area. In developing the models, data were collected from Taipei Bus Company. A normal distribution method used for predicting the bus arrival time in bus stop to ensure users not to miss the bus, and compare the result with the existing application. The result of our experiment showed that our proposed method has a better prediction than existing application, with the probability user not to miss the bus in peak time is 93% and in normal time is 85%, greater than from the existing application with the 65% probability in peak time, and 70% in normal time.
Stellar acoustic radii, mean densities and ages from seismic inversion techniques

Context. Determining stellar characteristics such as the radius, the mass or the age is crucial when studying stellar evolution, exoplanetary systems or characterising stellar populations in the Galaxy. Asteroseismology is the golden path to accurately obtain these characteristics. In this context, a key question is how to make these methods less model-dependant. Aims. Building on the work of Reese et al. (2012), we wish to extend the SOLA inversion technique to new stellar global characteristics in addition to the mean density. The goal is to provide a general framework in which to estimate these characteristics as accurately as possible in low mass main sequence stars. Methods. First, we describe our framework and discuss the reliability of the inversion technique and the possible sources of error.We then apply this methodology to the acoustic radius, an age indicator based on the sound speed derivative and the mean density and compare it to estimates based on the average large and small frequency separations. These inversions are carried out for several test cases which include: various metallicities, different mixing-lengths, non-adiabatic effects and turbulent pressure. Results. We observe that the SOLA method yields accurate results in all test cases whereas results based on the large and small frequency separations are less accurate and more sensitive to surface effects and structural differences in the models. If we include the surface corrections of Kjeldsen et al. (2008), we obtain results of comparable accuracy for the mean density. Overall, the mean density and acoustic radius inversions are more robust than the inversions for the age indicator. Moreover, the current approach is limited to relatively young stars with radiative cores. Increasing the number of observed frequencies improves the reliability and accuracy of the method.
The management of snags: A comparison in managed and unmanaged ancient forests of the Southern French Alps

Dead wood is an important structure for conservation purposes and for maintaining biodiversity. In this context, snags were studied under different conditions in silver fir ancient forests of the southern French Alps. The impact of management status and developmental phases were estimated on both quantity and quality of this material. SDT volume averaged 64.6 +/- 19.8 m(3) B ha(-1) and 15.8 +/- 6.0 m(3) B ha(-1) in unmanaged and managed ancient forests, respectively. SDT volume varied according to the point in the silvicultural cycle and silvigenesis cycle ranging from 4.3 +/- 3.4 m(3) B ha(-1) in early aggradation phase of managed forests to 202.3 +/- 48.6 m(3) B ha(-1) in degradation phase of unmanaged forest. Large SDT significantly belonged to the degradation phase of unmanaged forests. Our research showed that SDT density in this ancient forests was mainly governed by natural processes. An average of 9 large SDT per ha has been proposed to preserve the ecological processes.
Time Profile of Time-Dependent Area Under the ROC Curve for Survival Data

In the setting of survival analysis, the time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) has been proposed as a discrimination measure of interest. In contrast with the diagnostic setting, the definitions of time-dependent sensitivity and specificity are required. This paper evaluates the time-dependent profile of the resulting AUC(t), which has not been previously assessed. We show that, even when the effect of a binary biomarker on the hazard rate is constant, the value of AUC(t) varies over time according to the prevalence of the marker. The Time-profile of the continuous biomarker is illustrated with numerical integration, and data on several prognostic factors in AML are examined.
Bias reduction in exponential family nonlinear models

In Firth (1993, Biometrika) it was shown how the leading term in the asymptotic bias of the maximum likelihood estimator is removed by adjusting the score vector, and that in canonical-link generalized linear models the method is equivalent to maximizing a penalized likelihood that is easily implemented via iterative adjustment of the data. Here a more general family of bias-reducing adjustments is developed for a broad class of univariate and multivariate generalized nonlinear models. The resulting formulae for the adjusted score vector are computationally convenient, and in univariate models they directly suggest implementation through an iterative scheme of data adjustment. For generalized linear models a necessary and sufficient condition is given for the existence of a penalized likelihood interpretation of the method. An illustrative application to the Goodman row-column association model shows how the computational simplicity and statistical benefits of bias reduction extend beyond generalized linear models.
The origin of ultrafast outflows in AGN: Monte Carlo simulations of the wind in PDS 456

Ultrafast outflows (UFOs) are seen in many AGN, giving a possible mode for AGN feedback on to the host galaxy. However, the mechanism(s) for the launch and acceleration of these outflows are currently unknown, with UV line driving apparently strongly disfavoured as the material along the line of sight is so highly ionized that it has no UV transitions. We revisit this issue using the Suzaku X-ray data from PDS 456, an AGN with the most powerful UFO seen in the local Universe. We explore conditions in the wind by developing a new 3D Monte Carlo code for radiation transport. The code only handles highly ionized ions, but the data show the ionization state of the wind is high enough that this is appropriate, and this restriction makes it fast enough to explore parameter space. We reproduce the results of earlier work, confirming that the mass-loss rate in the wind is around 30 per cent of the inferred inflow rate through the outer disc. We show for the first time that UV line driving is likely to be a major contribution to the wind acceleration. The mass-loss rate in the wind matches that predicted from a purely line driven system, and this UV absorption can take place out of the line of sight. Continuum driving should also play a role as the source is close to Eddington. This predicts that the most extreme outflows will be produced from the highest mass accretion rate flows on to high-mass black holes, as observed.
Learning from 19 Carbon Taxes : What Does the Evidence Show ?

Carbon taxes have been enacted in 16 countries, two Canadian provinces, and even one city. Evaluations of some of these carbon taxes have been conducted. In other cases available data can be examined to shed light on impacts, although separating out the impact of carbon taxes and that of other policies is difficult. This paper briefly summarizes carbon taxes in these various jurisdictions and then explores available evidence on their impacts, with a focus on energy use and carbon emissions. It emphasizes jurisdictions with the most-rigorous studies. Overall the available evidence indicates that carbon taxes have contributed to reductions in energy use and carbon emissions. Reductions have generally been moderate; tax levels have also been moderate. Reductions in the industrial sector have been more substantial when the tax has applied to industrial firms, but significantly less so when some or all of a firm’s tax obligations have been waived. More study is needed, particularly on long-term impacts and impacts in the residential and commercial sectors, where available studies are particularly limited. Experience to date indicates that at the carbon-tax levels that have been politically feasible so far, carbon taxes can be useful but will need to be complemented with other policies to achieve targeted levels of carbon emissions.
Are We There Yet? A Story About Cardiac Stem Cells

Based on our current understanding of cell biology and strong supporting evidence from previous experiences, different types of human stem cell populations are capable of undergoing differentiation or trans-differentiation into functionally and biologically active cells for use in therapeutic purposes. So far, progress regarding the use of both in vitro and in vivo regenerative medicine models already offers hope for the application of different types of stem cells as a powerful new therapeutic option to treat different diseases that were previously considered to be untreatable. Remarkable achievements in cell biology resulting in the isolation and characterization of various stem cells and progenitor cells has increased the expectation for the development of a new approach to the treatment of genetic and developmental human diseases. Due to the fact that currently stem cells and umbilical cord banks are so strictly defined and available, it seems that this mission is investigationally more practical than in the past. On the other hand, studies performed on stem cells, targeting their conversion into functionally mature tissue, are not necessarily seeking to result in the clinical application of the differentiated cells; In fact, still one of the important goals of these studies is to get acquainted with the natural process of development of mature cells from their immature progenitors during the embryonic period onwards, which can produce valuable results as knowledge of the developmental processes during embryogenesis. For example, the cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to mature and adult cells developmental abnormalities are relatively unknown. This lack of understanding stems from the lack of a good model system to study cell development and differentiation. Hence, the knowledge reached through these studies can prove to be a breakthrough in preventing developmental disorders. Meanwhile, many researchers conduct these studies to understand the molecular and cellular basis of cancer development. The fact that cancer is one of the leading causes of death throughout the world, highlights the importance of these researches in the fields of biology and medicine.
The role of God in the father/son relationship during identity formation - a Gestalt theoretical perspective

This article is based on research done within the Afrikaansspeaking community in the area of the Drakenstein Municipality, Western Cape province, South Africa. The focus falls specifically on one concept that was outlined during the research, namely the perceptions of fathers and adolescent sons on identity formation within their relationship as well as the role that God plays. Combined qualitative/quantitative research was conducted with emphasis on semi-structured interviews with fathers (n=4) and adolescent boys (n=4) and an auto-ethnography of the author as the dominant component. The lessdominant quantitative component consisted of questionnaires completed by fathers (n=42) and adolescent boys (n=180). Metatheoretical assumptions and theoretical assumptions as grounding for the male identity are discussed as part of the author’s paradigmatic perspective. Furthermore, empirical findings are discussed and recommendations are made. From the discussions with fathers and their sons it was clear that both fathers and sons have a need to stand in close relationship to each other and to God. It is within this relationship where their identities are formed. However, fathers seemed to be resistant of transferring their beliefs to their sons. Adolescent boys also indicated no need to one day transfer learned behaviour from their fathers to their sons.
Evaluating Subjective Feedback for Internet of Things Dialogues

This paper discusses the process of determining which subjective features are seen as ideal in a dialogue system, and linking these features to objectively quantifiable behaviors. A corpus of simulated system-user dialogues in the Internet of Things domain was manually annotated with a set of system communicative and action responses, and crowd-sourced ratings and qualitative feedback of these dialogues were collected. This corpus of subjective feedback was analyzed, revealing that raters described top ranked dialogues as Intelligent, Natural, Pleasant, and as having Personality. Additionally, certain communicative and action responses were statistically more likely to be present in dialogues described as having these features. There was also found to be a lack of agreement among raters as to whether a direct communication style, or a conversational one was preferred, suggesting that future research and development should consider creating models for different communication styles.
Feature Frequency Inverse User Frequency for Dependant Attribute to Enhance Recommendations

Abstract—Recommender system provides relevant items tousers from huge catalogue. Collaborative ﬁltering and content-based ﬁltering are the most widely used techniques in person-alized recommender systems. Collaborative ﬁltering uses onlythe user-ratings data to make predictions, while content-basedﬁltering relies on semantic information of items for recommen-dation. The aim of this work is to introduce the semantic aspectof items in a collaborative ﬁltering process in order to enhancerecommendations. Many works have addressed this problem byproposing hybrid solutions. In this paper, we present anotherhybridization technique that predicts users preferences for itemsbased on their inferred preferences for semantic information ofitems. For this, we propose a new approach to build user semanticmodel by using TF-IDF measure and we provide solution toreduce the dimension of data. Applying our approach to realdata, the MoviesLens 1M dataset, signiﬁcant improvement can benoticed compared to usage only approach, Content only approachand hybrid algorithm.Keywords—hybrid recommender system; collaborative ﬁltering;TF-IDF.
Smart Mode of Tackling E-Commerce Security Cyber Crimes through Biometric Face Identification Technique Applying Holistic Approach

The security systems used currently does not provide required levels of safety against towering threats. The prominent reason for their failure is the usage of point solutions for protecting hosts and reactive approach against intrusions. Electronic Commerce is process of doing business through networking. A person sitting can access all the facilities of the Internet to buy or sell the products from the place he is stationed. Security is the challenge faced by e-commerce today & there is still a lot of advancements to be made in security features. The one aspect where e-commerce wins over traditional commerce is that the buyer can browse online shops, compare and order merchandise on their PC. The researches imply the significance of the e-commerce in developing countries for business concerns.
Preparing Principals for Instructional Leadership: Integrating the Common Core Standards--RESEARCH

Western Kentucky University has structured its own P-12 school principal certification program with a heavy emphasis on instructional leadership, starting with a strong understanding of the Common Core Standards and their role in providing a firm foundation for effective instruction. Educational research from the past 40 years reveals that effective school principals are “learning leaders” (Hallinger, 2011). Principals in high-performing schools devote much of their focus to the process of teaching and learning and dedicate their efforts to the improvement of both. Principal training programs must then make fostering instructional leadership a top priority (Jackson & Kelly, 2002). The purpose of this article is to describe the process of weaving concepts and skills for effective instructional leadership, including the central place of the Common Core, into the university’s training for aspiring school leaders. Significance for practitioners in K-12 schools is discussed. Western Kentucky University’s experience in training a new generation of school leaders can inform other university programs as they design and revise their own P-12 administrator certification curricula. Moreover, school districts, which are charged with the professional growth of practicing administrators, may also consider the instructional leadership framework utilized at WKU for on-going professional development. In this way, WKU’s P-12 principal preparation program can be a model for both practitioners and other universities.
Mercury distribution in muscular tissues of a tropical carnivorous fish (Hoplias malabaricus) from four lakes in the North of Rio de Janeiro State, SE Brazil

The purpose of this study is to determine the concentrations of total mercury in muscle of Hoplias malabaricus collected in lakes of the North Fluminense and bought in the Municipal Market (MM) since these lakes have suffered from the use of mercury fungicides in sugar cane plantations. The concentrations of mercury were measured by equipment ICP/AES with enhancement of cold vapor. The concentrations of Hg in the lake Campelo (525.6 μg kg -1 ) exceeded the concentrations of other lakes and fish of MM. An inverse correlation was observed between the concentrations of Hg and the standard length, weight and age in samples of fish from the Taquarucu and Campelo lakes. Direct correlation between the concentrations of Hg and biological variables were observed for Feia lake, Cima lake and samples of MM. Key words: Mercury, Lakes, Tropical fish and Biological variables.
Paranoid parenting? Rematerializing risk and fear for children

Both in the social sciences and in popular debates, recent commentaries on fear for children highlight the mismatch between children's and parents' fears and the risk of stranger danger, point to cultural changes to childhood and parenting in explanation. This paper suggests that a materialist approach to fear and risk may be equally helpful to understanding, and of more strategic advantage in promoting social change which benefits children, especially those who have been victims. It is argued that if research is child-centred, grounded in particular places, and explicit about the social stratification of risk, then experience of victimization itself can explain a large part of children's fears. In support, the paper draws on quantitative and qualitative research with 1,069 children aged 10–16 in a deprived area of northeast England. The geographies of child victimization and children's fears are compared, showing that many fears about public space are spatially congruent with experiences of risk. These geographies of risk and fear are gendered and racialized and, in this geographical context, paedophiles and asylum seekers have replaced the ‘stranger’ in children's accounts of danger. Implications for current public and policy debates are discussed.
New Material of a Derived Ornithomimosaur from the Upper Cretaceous Nemegt Formation of Mongolia

New material of an ornithomimid from the Late Cretaceous deposits of Tsagan Khushu (Gobi Desert, Mongolia) is described. The material includes a partial axial skeleton, and hind and forelimb elements. The specimen is similar to Anserimimus planinychus from nearby Bugin Tsav locality in having ventrally flat, long, almost straight manual unguals. The new specimen differs from A. planinychus in the length of the penultimate manual phalanx II-2, which is only slightly shorter than Ph III-3, in a considerably lesser alae of the manual unguals, and in the height/width ratio of the proximal articular surfaces. The material suggests presence of third, hitherto unknown ornithomimid from the Nemegt Formation.