Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Role of transarterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma before liver transplantation with special consideration of tumor necrosis

Abstract: Several authors suggest that local ablative therapies, specifically transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), may control tumor progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients who are on the waiting list for liver transplantation (orthotopic liver transplantation, OLT). There is still no evidence if TACE followed by OLT is able to prevent recurrence of tumor, to prolong survival rate of the patients on the waiting list, or to improve the survival after OLT. We report 27 patients with HCC who underwent OLT. From these patients, 15 were pre‐treated with TACE alone or in combination with percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) or laser‐induced thermo therapy (LITT). Mean time on the waiting list was 214 d for treated patients and 133 d for untreated patients. Comparing pre‐operative imaging and histopathological staging post‐transplant, we found 13 patients with tumor progression out of which five were treated with TACE. In two of the TACE patients a decrease of lesions could be achieved. In a single patient, there was no evidence of any residual tumor. Only one patient displayed tumor progression prior to OLT despite undergoing TACE. Comparison of outcome in patients undergoing TACE or having no TACE was not statisitically significant (p = 0.5). In addition, our analysis showed that progression either in the total study population or in the TACE group alone is associated with a significant poorer outcome concerning overall survival (p = 0.02 and p = 0.02).
Chick Amniogenesis is Mediated by an Actin Cable

This study examined the process of chick amniogenesis to determine whether the actin cable mechanism operating during amnion wound repair is a recapitulation of developmental events. Staining of the developing amnion with fluorescein isothiocyanate‐labeled phalloidin indicated the presence of an actin cable in the amniotic head fold, which persisted through to the closure of the amnion. Transmission electron microscopy of the developing amnion revealed linearly arranged actin microfilaments in the elongated cells at the leading edge of the amnion, adjacent to either side of a nodule of numerous cells at the point of midline fusion. A mesh of cytoplasmic actin filaments was seen dispersed throughout the accumulated cells of the nodule. Lamellapodia were absent suggesting that cell crawling is not involved in amniogenesis. Addition of an enzyme inhibitor of Rho, cell‐permeable C3 transferase, to the surface of the developing amnion prior to closure appeared to inhibit amniogenesis at the early embryonic stages. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Volumetric Analysis of the African Elephant Ventricular System

This study used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine the volume of the ventricular system in the brain of three adult male African elephants (Loxodonta africana). The ventricular system of the elephant has a volume of ∼240 mL, an order of magnitude larger than that seen in the adult human. Despite this large size, allometric analysis indicates that the volume of the ventricles in the elephant is what one would expect for a mammal with an ∼5 kg brain. Interestingly, our comparison with other mammals revealed that primates appear to have small relative ventricular volumes, and that megachiropterans and microchiropterans follow different scaling rules when comparing ventricular volume to brain mass indicating separate phylogenetic histories. The current study provides context for one aspect of the elephant brain in the broader picture of mammalian brain evolution. Anat Rec, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transplantation with pancreas after living donor kidney vs. living donor kidney alone in type 1 diabetes mellitus recipients *

Sampaio MS, Poommipanit N, Cho YW, Shah T, Bunnapradist S. Transplantation with pancreas after living donor kidney vs. living donor kidney alone in type 1 diabetes mellitus recipients. Clin Transplant 2010: 24: 812–820. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
Vascular Contrast Enhanced Micro‐CT Imaging of “Radiators” in the Brazilian Free‐Tailed Bat (Tadarida Brasiliensis)

The Brazilian free‐tailed bat (Tadarida brasiliensis) exhibits a highly vascularized, hairless thermal window (or “radiator”) on the proximal ventral surfaces of extended wings and body. We identified this character using thermal infrared imaging and investigated the vasculature using barium sulfate enhanced microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT). Micro‐CT images revealed unique arrangements of arteries and veins in the region of the radiator positioned perpendicular to the axis of the body. Coupling micro‐CT imaging with analysis of surface temperature profiles, we concluded that radiators aid in thermoregulation during flight in variable environments. This study represents the first application of contrast enhanced micro‐CT to visualize vasculature of bats and thus exhibits a promising technique for further investigations of cardiovascular function and anatomy in bats. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morphological Studies of Lymphatic Labyrinths in the Rat Mesenteric Lymph Node

To supplement and correct the morphological features of lymphatic labyrinths (LLs) in rat mesenteric lymph node, the distribution, morphology and origin of LLs, and cellular elements in LLs, particularly the organization and integrity of the wall of LLs were examined by silver impregnation, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and immunohistochemistry. LLs consisted of labyrinthine tubules and ran through not only the periphery of the deep cortical unit (DCU) but interfollicular cortex. LLs originated at the edge of the center of the DCU and of the follicle. At the site of their origin, the fibers in the wall of LL were continuous with the fibers located in the follicle and the center of DCU. The wall of LLs was a trilaminar membrane: a layer of flattened lymphatic endothelium; a layer of fibroblastic reticular cells; and amorphous substance and collagen fibers sandwiched between the above two layers. Under SEM and TEM, the whole amoeboid lymphocytes were moving through the pores in the wall of LL, which showed that lymphocytes end their journey through the paracortical cord by migrating into LLs. Immunohistochemical lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor‐1 expression was present in cells lining the LLs and intraluminal stellate cells, which may belong to the “sinus endothelial/virgultar cells. ” LLs are specific channels that are different from lymphatic sinuses. LL may be regarded as a special part of lymphatic vascular system in lymph nodes. We confirm that LLs are important transport pathway of lymphocytes in lymph nodes. The structural framework of LLs facilitates the migration of lymphocytes. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Serglycin in Health and Diseases

Serglycin is a multifunctional molecule and one of the first proteoglycans to be cloned. In this manuscript, we examine the physiological roles of serglycin in immunity, hemostasis, cell growth, apoptosis, and reproduction. In addition, we review recent studies on the involvement of serglycin in various pathological conditions, including cancer, inflammatory diseases, and platelet disorders. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Single‐dose rATG induction at renal transplantation: superior renal function and glucoregulation with less hypomagnesemia

Stevens RB, Lane JT, Boerner BP, Miles CD, Rigley TH, Sandoz JP, Nielsen KJ, Skorupa JY, Skorupa AJ, Kaplan B, Wrenshall LE. Single‐dose rATG induction at renal transplantation: superior renal function and glucoregulation with less hypomagnesemia. Clin Transplant 2012: 26: 123–132. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
Attitudes and Beliefs towards Patients with Hazardous Alcohol Use: A Systematic Review

Objective. To describe emergency department (ED) staff attitudes and beliefs towards patients presenting with hazardous alcohol use and their clinical management. Methods. A search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SCOPUS from 1990 to 2010, and reference lists from included studies was conducted. Two reviewers independently screened for inclusion and assessed study quality. One reviewer extracted the data and a second checked for completeness and accuracy. Results. Among nine studies four reported varied beliefs on whether screening was worthwhile for identifying hazardous alcohol use (physicians: 42%–88%; nurses: 50%–100%). Physicians in three studies were divided on intervention provision (32%–54% in support of intervention provision) as were nurses in two studies (39% and 64% nurses in support of intervention provision). Referral for treatment was identified in two studies as an important part of ED management (physicians: 62% and 97%; nurses: 95%). Other attitudes and beliefs identified across the studies included concern that asking about alcohol consumption would be seen as obtrusive or offensive, and a perceived lack of time and resources available for providing care and referrals. Conclusions. ED staff had varying attitudes towards ED management of patients with hazardous alcohol use. Investigations into improving clinical care for hazardous alcohol use are needed to optimize ED management for these patients.
Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Approaches to Enhance the Functional Response to Skeletal Muscle Injury

The well‐recognized ability of skeletal muscle for functional and structural regeneration following injury is severely compromised in degenerative diseases and in volumetric muscle loss. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine strategies to support muscle reconstruction have typically been cell‐centric with approaches that involve the exogenous delivery of cells with myogenic potential. These strategies have been limited by poor cell viability and engraftment into host tissue. Alternative approaches have involved the use of biomaterial scaffolds as substrates or delivery vehicles for exogenous myogenic progenitor cells. Acellular biomaterial scaffolds composed of mammalian extracellular matrix (ECM) have also been used as an inductive niche to promote the recruitment and differentiation of endogenous myogenic progenitor cells. An acellular approach, which activates or utilizes endogenous cell sources, obviates the need for exogenous cell administration and provides an advantage for clinical translation. The present review examines the state of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine therapies directed at augmenting the skeletal muscle response to injury and presents the pros and cons of each with respect to clinical translation. Anat Rec, 297:51–64. 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Some new preconditioned generalized AOR methods for generalized least-squares problems

Some new preconditioned GAOR methods for solving generalized least-squares problems and their comparison results are given. Comparison results show that the convergence rates of the new preconditioned GAOR methods are better than those of the preconditioned GAOR methods presented by Shen et al. [Preconditioned iterative methods for solving weighted linear least squares problems, Appl. Math. Mech. – Engl. Ed. 33(3) (2012), pp. 375–384] whenever these methods are convergent. Lastly, numerical experiments are provided to confirm the theoretical results.
MicroRNA‐127 is Downregulated by Tudor‐SN Protein and Contributes to Metastasis and Proliferation in Breast Cancer Cell Line MDA‐MB‐231

Tudor‐SN is a multifunctional protein that is highly expressed in multiple cancers including breast cancer. Tudor‐SN, as a component in RNA‐induced splicing complex, was recently reported to regulate gene expression in a microRNA (miRNA)‐dependent manner, such as let‐7, miR‐34a and miR‐221. However, how Tudor‐SN is associated with cancer development still remains largely elusive. In the present study, we explored the role of Tudor‐SN in breast cancer. Stable knockdown of endogenous Tudor‐SN, performed on the breast cancer cell line MDA‐MB‐231 by small hairpin RNA expression vectors, suppressed the in vitro migration and invasion ability of the metastatic breast cancer cell line. Interestingly, we found Tudor‐SN as a miRNA regulator according to microarray analysis, and further identified that Tudor‐SN negatively regulated the expression of miR‐127, and consequently increased the expression of the proto‐oncogene BCL6 which was a convincing target of miR‐127. Moreover, overexpression of miR‐127 reduced the in vitro migration and proliferation ability of breast cancer cell MDA‐MB‐231. Collectively, our results suggested a novel mechanism that Tudor‐SN promoted metastasis and proliferation of breast cancer cells via downregulating the miR‐127 expression. Anat Rec, 296:1842–1849, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Of Mice, Monkeys, And Men: Physiological And Morphological Evidence For Evolutionary Divergence Of Function In Mimetic Musculature

Facial expression is a universal means of visual communication in humans and many other primates. Humans have the most complex facial display repertoire among primates; however, gross morphological studies have not found greater complexity in human mimetic musculature. This study examines the microanatomical aspects of mimetic musculature to test the hypotheses related to human mimetic musculature physiology, function, and evolutionary morphology. Samples from the orbicularis oris muscle (OOM) and the zygomaticus major (ZM) muscle in laboratory mice (N = 3), rhesus macaques (N = 3), and humans (N = 3) were collected. Fiber type proportions (slow‐twitch and fast‐twitch), fiber cross‐sectional area, diameter, and length were calculated, and means were statistically compared among groups. Results showed that macaques had the greatest percentage of fast fibers in both muscles (followed by humans) and that humans had the greatest percentage of slow fibers in both muscles. Macaques and humans typically did not differ from one another in morphometrics except for fiber length where humans had longer fibers. Although sample sizes are low, results from this study may indicate that the rhesus macaque OOM and ZM muscle are specialized primarily to assist with maintenance of the rigid dominance hierarchy via rapid facial displays of submission and aggression, whereas human musculature may have evolved not only under pressure to work in facial expressions but also in development of speech. Anat Rec, 297:1250–1261, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Male Gonadal Differentiation and the Paedomorphic Evolution of the Testis in Teleostei

Testis differentiation from representatives of the Otophysi (Cyprinus carpio), Percomorpha (Amatitlania nigrofasciata), and Atherinomorpha (Poecilia reticulata) was comparatively described. In the undifferentiated gonad of C. carpio, the primordial germ cells (PGCs) are scattered throughout the gonads while in A. nigrofasciata and P. reticulata the PGCs are restricted to the ventral periphery. In the dorsal region of the developing gonads, with the exception of C. carpio, somatic cell rearrangements result in the differentiation of the sperm duct. Pre‐Sertoli cells wrap around single spermatogonia forming cysts that proliferate forming acinar‐clusters. In C. carpio and A. nigrofasciata, the cysts in each acinar‐cluster move away from each other, creating a central lumen. In C. carpio, the acinar‐clusters then fuse to each other forming tubules that become lined by the germinal epithelium. Subsequently, the tubules anastomose dorsally and create the sperm duct. In A. nigrofasciata, the acinar‐clusters elongate, forming lobules that individually connect to the sperm duct. These are lined by the germinal epithelium. In P. reticulata, the spermatogonial cysts remain in the acinar‐cluster organization. Subsequently, developing ducts connect each cluster to the sperm duct and lobules subsequently develop. In the differentiated testis of C. carpio and A. nigrofasciata, spermatogonia are distributed along the lengths of the anastomosing tubules or lobules, respectively. However, in P. reticulata, the spermatogonia remain restricted to the terminal end of the lobules. Considering testis ontogeny, the spermatogonial acinar‐cluster is the adult characteristic of more derived taxa that approximate the early gonad developmental stages of the basal taxa. Anat Rec, 297:1137–1162, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ephrin‐A3 and Ephrin‐A4 Contribute to Microglia‐Induced Angiogenesis in Brain Endothelial Cells

The association of microglia with brain vasculature during development and the reduced brain vascular complexity in microglia‐deficient mice suggest the role of microglia in cerebrovascular angiogenesis. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, using an in vitro angiogenesis model, we found the culture supernatant of BV2 microglial cells significantly enhanced capillary‐like tube formation and migration of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs). The expression of angiogenic factors, ephrin‐A3 and ephrin‐A4, were specifically upregulated in BMECs exposed to BV2‐derived culture supernatant. Knockdown of ephrin‐A3 and ephrin‐A4 in BMECs by siRNA significantly attenuated the enhanced angiogenesis and migration of BMECs induced by BV2 supernatant. Our further results indicated that the ability of BV2 supernatant to promote endothelial angiogenesis was caused by the soluble tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) released from BV2 microglial cells. Moreover, the upregulations of ephrin‐A3 and ephrin‐A4 in BMECs in response to BV2 supernatant were effectively abolished by neutralization antibody against TNF‐α and TNF receptor 1, respectively. The present study provides evidence that microglia upregulates endothelial ephrin‐A3 and ephrin‐A4 to facilitate in vitro angiogenesis of brain endothelial cells, which is mediated by microglia‐released TNF‐α. Anat Rec, 297:1908–1918, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Respiratory and Olfactory Turbinals in Feliform and Caniform Carnivorans: The Influence of Snout Length

To enhance bite force at the canines, feliform carnivorans have short rostra relative to caniform carnivorans. Rostral reduction in feliforms results in less rostrocaudal space for the maxilloturbinals, the complex set of bones involved in conditioning inspired air and conserving water. It is unknown whether the maxilloturbinals might show adaptations to adjust for this loss, such as greater complexity than what is observed in longer snouted caniforms. To understand the impact of rostral shortening on turbinals in feliforms, we used high resolution CT scans to quantify turbinal surface areas (SA) in 16 feliforms and compared them with published data on 20 caniforms. Results indicate that feliforms have reduced maxilloturbinal SA for their body mass relative to caniforms, but comparable fronto‐ethmoturbinal SA. However, anterior portions of the ethmoturbinals in feliforms extend forward into the snout and are positioned within the respiratory pathway. When the SA of these anterior ethmoturbinals is added to maxilloturbinal SA to produce an estimated respiratory SA, feliforms and caniforms are similar in respiratory SA. This transfer of ethmoturbinal SA to respiratory function results in feliforms having less estimated olfactory SA relative to caniforms. Previous work on canids found a positive association between olfactory surface area and diet, but this was not found for felids. Results are consistent with feliforms having somewhat reduced olfactory ability relative to caniforms. If confirmed by behavioral data, the relative reduction in olfactory SA in many feliforms may reflect a greater reliance on vision in foraging relative to caniforms. Anat Rec, 297:2065–2079, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Prevention of Adolescent Smoking

The multiple increased health risks that are associated with smoking make primary prevention of the adoption of the habit by adolescents crucial. Smoking is a behavior that is fostered by environments in which peers and family members smoke and by large scale media campaigns advertising tobacco products. There are also well-defined psychological, behavioral and developmental characteristics that place adolescents at risk of experimenting with smoking. In order to foster nonsmoking, prevention programs have traditionally focused on education about the health risk of the habit. To enhance the effectiveness of these efforts, new programs have incorporated social inoculation strategies, which identify and analyze the pressures to smoke that adolescents face. They demonstrate and practice resistance techniques that enable students to withstand these pressures. In addition, general coping and social skills training have been added. These focus on problem-solving and decision-making skills, assertiveness training, relaxation techniques, and communication strategies. By preparing adolescents to deal with nonspecific problem situations, it is felt that they will be more competent and capable of resisting allforms of substance abuse. In addition, prevention programs have been reinforced by community and legislative efforts to decrease the rate of smoking in the general population.
Glycine Improves Biochemical and Biomechanical Properties Following Inflammation of the Achilles Tendon

Tendinopathy of the Achilles tendon is a clinical problem that motivates the scientific community to search for treatments that assist in restoring its functional properties. Glycine has broad biological effects, acting as a modulator of the inflammatory cascade, and is the predominant amino acid in collagen. A 5% glycine diet provided beneficial effects against toxicity and inflammation since glycine may restructure the collagen molecules faster due to its broad anti‐inflammatory effects. The purpose was analyze the effects of a 5% glycine diet in rats as a treatment for the inflammatory process. The experimental groups were as follows: C (control group), G1 and G3 (inflammatory group), and G2 and G4 (glycine + inflammatory group). G1 and G2 were euthanized 8 days following injury, and G3 and G4 were euthanized 22 days following injury. The concentrations of hydroxyproline, non‐collagenous proteins, and glycosaminoglycans, as well as the activity of MMP‐2 and ‐9 were analyzed. Biomechanical and morphological tests were employed. Higher concentrations of hydroxyproline and glycosaminoglycans were found in G4 and an increased activity of MMP‐2 was found in G2. Higher birefringence was noted in group G2. The biomechanical results indicated that the tendon was more resistant to loading to rupture upon treatment with a glycine diet in group G4. Glycine induced the synthesis of important components of the tendon. A rapid remodeling was noted when compared with the inflamed‐only groups. These data suggest that glycine may be a beneficial supplement for individuals with inflammation of the Achilles tendon. Anat Rec, 298:538–545, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.