Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Physico-chemical and bacteriological analysis of drinking tube-well water from some primary school, Magura, Bangladesh to evaluate suitability for students

In order to determine water quality for human consumption, physico-chemical and bacteriological analysis were evaluated in the drinking water from twenty villages of Magura district, Bangladesh of different primary school. Standard methods were used for determining of physical, chemical and bacteriological characteristics of the water samples. The data showed the variation of the investigated parameter in water samples as follows: pH 7.29 to 8.93, Electrical Conductivity (EC) 343 to 3000 μS/cm, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 236 to 2064 mg/L, chloride 10–725 mg/L, hardness 130 to 790 mg/L as CaCO3, Arsenic Bellow Detection Limit (BDL) to 0.012 mg/L, Iron (Fe) 0.03 to 3.79 mg/L and Manganese (Mn) 0.03 to 0.66 mg/L. Results were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) and Bangladesh water quality drinking standards. About 35% tube-wells were found to be polluted with FC while those for 70% with TC. The concentrations of testing parameter in the drinking water samples were not permits all the sources of the WHO and Bangladesh Drinking Standards (BDS). From our investigations it has been found that location of latrine, dustbin, drain, bird's excreta and sewerage line near tube wells are more likely the reason of contamination of tube-well water with both FC and TC. This constitutes a major public health issue, as it could be a hazard to the human health, and special control measures should be taken.
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Iran

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is common in Mediterranean countries especially in Iran. It can be seen in many different ages. Two such cases were a housewife with a huge lesion over her shins from Hashtgerd and an army soldier with multiple skin lesions over his arms from south east of Iran. They were treated with Meglumine Antimoniate (Glucantime) with success. A discussion on CL and its management follows.
Bronchoscopy in critical care

### Key points In recent years, the use of flexible bronchoscopy (FB) has increased in critical care and anaesthesia. It has become a standard of care for examining, diagnosing, and managing critical care patients, and an important adjunct in anaesthetic management of airway problems. Improved knowledge and awareness of the anatomy and physiology of the procedure facilitates appropriate, safe, and effective use of the bronchoscope. This article focuses on FB, with only occasional reference to the techniques involved in rigid bronchoscopy, which are generally beyond the scope of this article. In 1897, Gustav Killian, a German laryngologist and ‘the father of bronchoscopy’, viewed the trachea and main bronchi through the larynx via a rigid oesophagoscope, and removed a foreign body.1 In 1904, Chevalier Jackson added an electric light source at the distal end, and a suction channel. In the 1960s, Shigeto Ikeda, a Japanese physician, introduced the first fibreoptic bronchoscope. By the end of the 1980s, Asahi Pentax Company integrated a charge-coupled device, permitting video monitoring of the airway and heightening its educational and clinical benefits.2 Over time, a range of various sizes and lengths have been introduced for use across different patient populations. There are two main types of bronchoscopes: rigid and flexible. Rigid bronchoscopy uses a straight metal tube with …
Characterizing consumption patterns by food frequency methods: core foods and variety of foods in diets of older Americans.

: This study was designed to explore the applications and limitations of two relatively simple and inexpensive scoring systems currently used to describe food patterns. The approaches examined were variety index and core foods. The sample, stratified by age and sex, consisted of adults more than 54 years old (no. = 4,983) who were interviewed in the 1977-1978 Nationwide Food Consumption Survey. Variety index was determined by counting the number of different foods consumed over 3 days. Core foods were identified by tallies of the most frequently mentioned foods and by calculations of frequency use scores. The variety of foods consumed was smallest for the oldest groups. Core food lists did not vary markedly with age, sex, or analysis by tally or score. The items consumed on at least 1 of the 3 days by approximately 50% of the persons surveyed were: whole milk, ground coffee, instant coffee, white bread, potatoes prepared by methods other than frying, margarine, and sugar. Although the variety index approach provides a general sense of nutrient diversity of a diet, core food lists with weighted scores appear to be more applicable when the relationship between food usage and food-related behaviors is studied and changes in eating patterns are monitored.
Plantas medicinais utilizadas pela população do município de Lagarto- SE, Brasil – ênfase em pacientes oncológicos

The use of plants for medicinal purposes is one of the oldest forms of medical practice. However, the concept of “natural” contributes to the popular and erroneous thinking that Medicinal Plants (PM) are synonymous of safe products, which may result in the development of adverse effects or drug interactions, particularly in cancer patients. In this context, it was conducted an ethnopharmacological survey of MP used in Lagarto, SE, Brazil, with emphasis in cancer patients. A total of 706 residents were interviewed, and they mentioned 80 plants, from which 57 were identified. The use of medicinal plants (MP) for therapeutic purpose was reported by 336 (47.65%) of the participants. The most used MPs were as follows: Bushy Lippia (Lippia alba(Mill) N. E. Brown– 103, 30.8%), Boldo (Plectranthus barbatus Andr. – 53, 15.7%), and Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon citratus (D.C.) Stapf. – 49, 14.6%). From the participants who reported the use of MPs, half of them (360, 50.95%) spoke with a doctor but did not receive specific guidelines. The most common chronic diseases identified were: arterial hypertension (144, 20.34%), cancer (55, 7.81%) and diabetes (41, 5.89%). From these cancer patients, approximately 40% of them (22) used MP concomitantly with chemotherapy, an alarming discovery, as drug interactions are possible between MPs and antineoplastics. Given these data, we observed the use of the PM by the population of Lagarto, SE, and by cancer patients of this region, but they did not receive guidance from a qualified professional.
Uncorrected Refractive Errors in Presbyopes attending medical college eye OPD

The study was conducted to find out the prevalence of pre-existing uncorrected refractive error in presbyopes who attended the Eye O.P.D. in medical college of Bangalore (India). 100 presbyopes were selected according to inclusion criteria. Complete ophthalmic examination including visual acuity and objective & subjective refraction was performed. History of difficulty of vision was noted. Observations were tabulated and analyzed. 47 out of 100 presbyopes had pre-existing uncorrected refractive error. Most common complaint was difficulty of distance vision. 33 out of 47 had never used spectacles. Equal number of hyperopes and myopes were present. OBJECTIVE To find out the prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors in presbyopes attending Eye OPD in medical college in Bangalore INTRODUCTION Presbyopia is described as the condition wherein the eye exhibits a progressively diminished ability to focus on near objects with age. Thus there emerges the need of near vision corrective spectacles. The first symptoms present between the age of 40-50 years with difficulty in reading fine prints, in dim illumination, eyestrain after long reading hours and transient blur vision (1). 2 different definitions are cited in various studies. Functional presbyopia is defined as needing a significant optical correction added to the presenting distance refractive correction to achieve a near visual acuity criterion (more than or equal to 1 line of acuity improvement in one case, J1 print in another, and N8 print in the other) ( 2-4) . Objective presbyopia is defined as needing a significant optical correction (more than or equal to 1.00 D) added to the best distance optical correction to improve near vision to a near visual acuity criterion of N8 (5). The prevalence of presbyopia varies from region to region. In southern India, Nirmalan et al (5) found a prevalence of 55 per cent in people aged 30 years and older. Refractive errors affect a large proportion of the population worldwide, irrespective of age, sex and ethnicity. A significant number of these are never recognized and treated. These people in their presbyopic age present with uncorrected refractive errors. According to the Bulletin of the World Health Organization, in 2004, the number of people (above the age of 40 years) visually impaired from uncorrected refractive errors in India were almost 35 million (6). It was also shown that the coverage of refractive services in various regions of India ranges just between 40-55%. Uncorrected distance refractive error is the most common cause of vision impairment and the second most common cause of blindness in the world (6-9). This study is aims to find out the prevalence of pre-existing uncorrected refractive error in presbyopes attending Eye OPD in medical college in Bangalore.
SP0138 Anti-TNF Therapy in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

The development of anti-tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a) therapy has been a milestone in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory-mediated conditions, but their use has also been accompanied by new or aggravated forms of autoimmunity, making its use in SLE controversial. SLE is characterized by heterogeneity of clinical manifestations and a relapsing-remitting course. Despite a significant improvement in its prognosis and management, there are still significant unmet therapeutic needs. Therapeutic agents targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines are an interesting option. Several studies support a role for TNFa in the pathogenesis of the disease and therefore a potential benefit from inhibition. Serum TNFa levels and expression in renal and cutaneous biopsies are highly elevated in SLE patients and correlate with disease activity. Several open-label studies suggest that TNF blockade is effective in SLE patients with arthritis, nephritis and skin disease. Our long-term study of etanercept in refractory arthritis supports its efficacy in arthritis and also suggests a possible benefit in refractory pleuropericarditis. To sufficiently address the potential value of TNFa-blocking therapy in SLE, larger and controlled clinical trials are necessary in a near future. Disclosure of Interest None declared
Innovations in Practice: Identifying young people at ultra‐high risk of psychosis in a Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service

BACKGROUND The Psychosis Pathway was introduced in a London Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service (CAMHS) with an aim to identify and manage those at ultra-high risk of psychosis (UHR). METHOD A service evaluation was conducted to review the clinical impact of this arm of the Psychosis Pathway over a 2-year period. RESULTS We found decreased time for psychiatric review, reduction in DUP with reduced inpatient admissions and therefore reduction in morbidity. Transition rate from UHR to psychotic illness was 56% in 2 years. CONCLUSION There is much utility in identifying and managing those at UHR in a CAMHS settings.
Chromosomal abnormalities in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia.

Clonal chromosome abnormalities are found in more than half the patients with hematologic malignancies. Karyotype is an independent prognostic factor in these patients. Cytogenetic findings correlate significantly with morphologic, immunologic, and clinical features as well as response to treatment, remission duration, and survival. The number of different cytogenetic abnormalities is enormous; however, many cytogenetic findings frequently occur in a given disease (e.g., abnormalities of 5 or 7 in 75% to 90% of patients with therapy-related AML). Some abnormalities are found only in myeloid malignancies, for example, the t(8;21)(q22;q22) and rearrangements of chromosome 16q22, both of which have a good prognosis. Other abnormalities usually are found in both myeloid and lymphoid malignancies, for example, the t(4;11)(q21;q23) and t(9;22)(q34;q11), both of which have a poor prognosis. The Human Gene Mapping Conferences have compiled much cytogenetic data and produced several interesting correlations in myeloid malignancies: rearrangements of 3q21-26 with myeloid proliferations associated with environmental exposure (similar to abnormalities of 5q, 7q, 12p, and 17q), aberrations of 12p, 11q13 and 11q23 with both myeloid and lymphoid disorders, and the lack of myeloid involvement and abnormalities of chromosomes 14 and 18. In conclusion, cytogenetic analysis of neoplastic cells at diagnosis for patients with MDS, AML, and SAML is required for appropriate diagnosis and treatment. The use of chromosome abnormalities to separate patients into high- and low-risk groups eventually may allow us to be more effective in selecting curative therapy.
A quantitative analgesic assay in the rabbit based on the response to tooth pulp stimulation.

: A DC ramp voltage was used to stimulate rabbit tooth pulps. Thresholds to elicit chewing movements were extremely stable in the absence of drug treatment. Using cumulative dosing of analgesic drugs, potency and efficacy measurements could be readily obtained. Narcotic analgesics were the most effective analgesics on this test, followed by two centrally acting non-narcotics (nefopam and baclofen). Antipyretic/anti-inflammatory analgesics and centrally acting non-analgesic drugs elevated thresholds by lesser amounts or were inactive. It is concluded that the rabbit tooth pulp assay is suitable for the qualitative and quantitative determination of analgesic activity.
Patterns of response to inhaled methacholine.

: Fifty-two patients with unexplained pulmonary symptoms were tested using inhaled methacholine. Of the 32 who reacted 11 had a greater than 20% decrease in FEV1 (with or without an associated change in FEF25-75%) as the end-point, 15 had a greater than 25% decrease in FEF25-75% as their initial response while 6 had an initial greater than 25% decrease in FEF200-1200. In some but not all subjects in the latter two groups a decrease in FEV1 occurred with increased methacholine concentrations. Changes in FEF25-75% and FEF200-1200 should be considered in documentation of airway hyperreactivity in some patients.
Contralateral Nostril acts as Conduit for Nasotracheal Tube Exchange under Fiberbronchoscope Guidance

Purpose: Fiberoptic bronchoscopy aids in direct visualization of the airway and can provide visual guidance for exchange of nasotracheal tubes intraoperatively in head and neck surgeries where the full access for direct laryngoscopy and other airway manipulations will interfere and infect the exposed surgical field. Clinical Features: A 54-year-old male patient was planned for central arch resection with plate and myocutaneous flap reconstruction. After induction of anesthesia, fiberbronchoscope size 4. 9 mm was passed through the left nostril and after confirmed visualization of carina, reinforced cuffed tracheal tube size 7.5 mm inner diameter was threaded over it. At the beginning of reconstructive phase of surgery, air leak was heard with suspected tracheal tube cuff damage. For tube exchange under direct visualization, the bronchoscope, loaded with new reinforced cuffed tracheal tube size 7.5 mm, was passed through the right nostril. The bronchoscope was passed between the anterior commissure and the outer surface of the damaged tracheal tube. As the cuff was already damaged and lying collapsed, the fiberbronchoscope easily slid along the outer surface of the damaged tracheal tube and reached carina. After confirmation of the visualization of carina, the damaged tracheal tube was withdrawn through the left nostril leaving the bronchoscope endotracheal in situ; and immediately afterwards the new tracheal tube was passed to reintubate trachea within ten seconds. Conclusions: This technique is effective and smooth as this two-minutes-technique underwent under direct visualization with little difficulty and less than ten seconds interruption in mechanical ventilation during the actual tube exchange. IMPLICATIONS STATEMENT Endotracheal tube exchange is a risky procedure and fiberoptic bronchoscopy guidance per contralateral nostril is better alternative to airway exchange catheter for nasotracheal tube exchange.
Radar Development at Lincoln Laboratory: An Overview of the First Fifty Years

■ This article provides an overview of the first fifty years of radar development at Lincoln Laboratory. It begins by reviewing early Laboratory efforts in North American air defense, which quickly branched into efforts in missile defense and space surveillance as the Soviet Union developed missiles and launched satellites into space. In the 1970s, two other radar-intensive activities began at the Laboratory: a program in tactical surveillance arose out of the challenges of the Vietnam War, and a program in air traffic control responded to the need to modernize systems for control of civilian aircraft. Research in advanced air defense also returned to the Laboratory with the advent of the modern cruise missile. This article summarizes these major Laboratory radar programs in a synoptic fashion, which can serve the reader as a road map to the ensuing fourteen articles, each of which provides a more in-depth view of the Laboratory’s radar developments.
Reduktion von Metallartefakten in der muskuloskelettalen Bildgebung

Zusammenfassung Gelenkprothesen und andere orthopädische Implantate werden bei vielen Patienten mit muskuloskelettalen Erkrankungen eingesetzt. Während diese Operationen häufig ein gutes klinisches Ergebnis zeigen, sind im Verlauf bei vielen Patienten radiologische Untersuchungen notwendig. Orthopädische Implantate führen jedoch in der MRT und der CT zu starken Metallartefakten. Dieser Artikel stellt mehrere grundlegende Methoden sowie fortgeschrittene Techniken zur Reduktion dieser Artefakte für MRT und CT vor, um eine diagnostische Untersuchung bei Patienten mit Metallimplantaten zu ermöglichen. MRT und CT werden so zu wichtigen und zuverlässigen Modalitäten, um Patienten mit Gelenkprothesen und orthopädischen Implantaten zu untersuchen.
Reflux perception and the esophageal mucosal barrier in gastroesophageal reflux disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Heartburn, regurgitation and chest pain are the key symptoms. Patients with reflux symptoms often have more than average reflux of acidic contents in the esophagus. However, frequently there is a discrepancy between the severity of esophageal exposure to gastric content and the severity of symptoms. Esophageal sensitivity seems to be an important factor in symptom generation. This thesis aimed to address the perception of reflux and its modulation, with a specific focus on the role of esophageal mucosal barrier function within this spectrum. In the first part of the thesis we demonstrate that an enhanced esophageal sensitivity of the esophagus is associated with impaired barrier function of the esophageal epithelium, irrespective of the presence of erosions. Mucosal barrier function can be determined in vivo by measuring an impedance spectrum of the esophageal mucosa using a new endoscopic probe. We investigated the role of stress and the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 in the development of barrier dysfunction in an animal model. Furthermore, we describe the effectivity of proton-pump inhibitor therapy for non-erosive reflux disease and the effectivity of anti-depressant therapy for functional esophageal disorders. The second part of the thesis comprises several studies regarding esophageal high-resolution manometry (HRM). We provide normal values for esophageal HRM for healthy subjects and after successful anti-reflux surgery. We also demonstrate that HRM can accurately identify the presence and size of a sliding hiatal hernia.
Peripheral Neuropa- thies of the Median, Radial, and Ulnar Nerves: MR Imaging

The median, radial, and ulnar nerves of the upper limbs may be affected by various peripheral neuropathies, each of which may be categorized according to its cause, as either an entrapment or a nonentrapment neuropathy. Entrapment neuropathies, also referred to as nerve compression syndromes, include the supracondylar process syndrome, pronator syndrome, anterior interosseous nerve syndrome, carpal tunnel syndrome, posterior interosseous nerve syndrome, cubital tunnel syndrome, and Guyon canal syndrome. Nonentrapment neuropathies include traumatic nerve injuries, infectious and inflammatory conditions, polyneuropathies, and mass lesions at anatomic locations where entrapment syndromes typically do not occur. Although clinical examination and electrophysiologic testing are the cornerstone of the diagnostic work-up, in certain cases magnetic resonance (MR) imaging may provide key information about the exact anatomic location of a lesion or may help narrow the differential diagnosis. In patients with a diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy, MR imaging may help establish the cause of the condition and provide information crucial for conservative management or surgical planning. In addition, knowledge of the normal anatomy and of the possible causes, typical clinical findings, and MR imaging features of peripheral neuropathies that affect the median, radial, and ulnar nerves allows greater confidence in the diagnosis. © RSNA, 2006
Le bevacizumab (Avastin®) dans le traitement du cancer colorectal métastatique

ments. Le bevacizumab est un anticorps monoclonal humanisé recombinant dirigé contre le VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) : il inhibe la liaison du VEGF à ses récepteurs situés à la surface des cellules endothéliales. La neutralisation de l’activité biologique du VEGF réduit la vascularisation des tumeurs, inhibant la croissance tumorale. Il a démontré une importante activité antitumorale dans des modèles de cancers réalisés chez des souris nude porteuses de xénogreffes, en particulier sur les cancers du côlon, du sein, du pancréas et de la prostate.
New Media Medicine: A Social Network for Doctors and Medical Students

New Media Medicine hosts an online Social Network with over 40,000 registered members. The network primarily caters for UK doctors, medical students and pre-med students applying for medical school. Features include a lively discussion forum with over 500,000 posts, and facilities for members to blog, upload photos and create social groups of friends. This presentation describes the tools and techniques required for building a friendly and successful medical social networking community. In particular, we examine online community dynamics, moderation techniques and strategies for growth and sustainability. The presentation discusses how a social network can be used as a basis for an international e-learning community through the use of user-generated content and online peer review and discussion. New Media Medicine: A Social Network for Doctors and MEdical Students [5 Cr3 1100 Paton] View SlideShare presentation or Upload your own. (tags: medicine20 20 ) []