Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A state space representation for one-dimensional microwave heating temperature model

This paper describes the development of a simulation model in state space representation for a class of microwave heating model. Under the assumptions on thermodynamics mechanism, one-dimensional heating model in rectangle waveguide is derived by combining Lambert's law and heat conduction equation. Through introducing the spatial differential operator in inhomogeneous thermal conduction equation, one-dimensional heating model in form of partial differential equations (PDE) can be divided into finite-dimensional slow one and infinite-dimensional complement, which provides a application for Galerkin's method to transform the PDE into state space form. The simulation of state space model has shown that the trend and distribution of temperature are in good agreement with that of traditional numerical model.
A Hybrid Wind Speed Forecasting System Based on a ‘Decomposition and Ensemble’ Strategy and Fuzzy Time Series

Accurate and stable wind speed forecasting is of critical importance in the wind power industry and has measurable influence on power-system management and the stability of market economics. However, most traditional wind speed forecasting models require a large amount of historical data and face restrictions due to assumptions, such as normality postulates. Additionally, any data volatility leads to increased forecasting instability. Therefore, in this paper, a hybrid forecasting system, which combines the ‘decomposition and ensemble’ strategy and fuzzy time series forecasting algorithm, is proposed that comprises two modules—data pre-processing and forecasting. Moreover, the statistical model, artificial neural network, and Support Vector Regression model are employed to compare with the proposed hybrid system, which is proven to be very effective in forecasting wind speed data affected by noise and instability. The results of these comparisons demonstrate that the hybrid forecasting system can improve the forecasting accuracy and stability significantly, and supervised discretization methods outperform the unsupervised methods for fuzzy time series in most cases.
Kinetics of biopolymerization on nucleic acid templates

The kinetics of biopolymerization on nucleic acid templates is discussed. The model introduced allows for the simultaneous synthesis of several chains, of a given type, on a common template, e.g., the polyribosome situation. Each growth center [growing chain end plus enzyme(s)] moves one template site at a time, but blocks L adjacent sites. Solutions are found for the probability nj(t) that a template has a growing center that occupies the sites j — L + 1,…, j at time t. Two special sets of solutions are considered, the uniform‐density solutions, for which nj(t) = n, and the more general steady‐state solutions, for which dnj(t)/dt = 0. In the uniform‐density case, there is an upper bound to the range of rates of polymerization that can occur. Corresponding to this maximum rate, there is one uniform solution. For a polymerization rate less than this maximum, there are two uniform solutions that give the same rate. In the steady‐state case, only L = 1 is discussed. For a steady‐state polymerization rate less than the maximum uniform‐density rate, the steady‐state solutions consist of either one or two regions of nearly uniform density, with the density value(s) assumed in the uniform region(s) being either or both of the uniform‐density solutions corresponding to that polymerization rate. For a steady‐state polymerization rate equal to or slightly larger than the maximum uniform‐density rate, the steady‐state solutions are nearly uniform to the single uniform‐density solution for the maximum rate. The boundary conditions (rate of initiation and rate, of release of completed chains from the template) govern the choice among the possible solutions, i.e., determine the region(s) of uniformity and the value(s) assumed in the uniform region(s).
A Review of Consumer Embarrassment as a Public and Private Emotion

Whether the result of mispronouncing a fancy brand name, miscalculating a tip, purchasing a sensitive product, or stumbling into a product display, embarrassment is an important part of the consumer landscape. Embarrassment has traditionally been considered a social emotion, one that can only be experienced in public. In this paper, we offer a comprehensive review of consumer embarrassment and consider situations in which embarrassment can affect consumer behavior in both public and private contexts. We define embarrassment using this broader conceptualization and outline the transgressions that might trigger embarrassment in consumption contexts. We also discuss the diverse implications of embarrassment for consumer behavior, and review the strategies that both consumers and practitioners can use to mitigate embarrassment and its negative consequences. We hope this framework will stimulate new research on consumer embarrassment in both public and private contexts.
Reader's response to "kids and media: learning happens".

To the Editor, I really wish that this subject would be taken more seriously in America. It was a good presentation. I grew up in Sweden and have some very strong opinions on this, as when I was a kid, my favorite shows were Kojak, Colombo, and Beretta (and Dallas and Dynasty). The government all of a sudden decided to ban all violence off TV to reduce crime, (TV was all state-run back then) so no more detective programs. At the time, I was extremely miffed as “I knew it was just TV. ” However, violence in Sweden then was almost nonexistent. I later took a year as an exchange student in Allentown, Pennsylvania. During the very first week in my “American family,” I noticed that the TV was on all day as opposed to evenings only in Sweden. There, only school/educational programs aired during the day; a few kids shows in the late afternoon; and after the 5:00–6:30 pm news, they aired adult shows (soap operas, dramas, and movies). In the first week, I walked past the blaring TV at 2:00 pm and saw the movie Death Wish on the screen. This was when it hit me why the ban on violence was a good thing, as any 2-year-old could watch Death Wish at 2:00 pm unsupervised; and with such an undeveloped and impressionable mind at such a tender age, I realized what an impact it could have as far as literally creating violent and criminal behavior. Add to those children with not-so-healthy minds (any child born prematurely or under less-than-perfect conditions – malnourishment, inactivity, drug babies, etc), and I saw why crime and violence are such a problem here. Since then, 24-hour cable hit Sweden, and guess what: an instant major increase in violence, crime, and drug trafficking. If you need ammo to prove your point, this is a perfect example. Yours in health,
Effects of urethane, ambient temperature and injection route on rat body temperature and metabolism due to endotoxins.

1. We have investigated the influence of environmental temperature, anaesthesia and route of administration on rectal temperature and other metabolic responses to two preparations of bacterial endotoxin in male adult Wistar rats. 2. Urethane anaesthesia, environmental temperatures of 20 and 28 degrees C, subcutaneous (S.C.) and intraperitoneal (I.P.) routes of administration and butanol and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) extracts of E. coli endotoxin (1.2 mg/kg) were used. 3. In addition to rectal temperature, serum zinc, albumin and urea concentrations and liver protein, RNA and zinc contents were measured. 4. Fevers were produced by injections of both endotoxins, by either route at 28 degrees C. Butanol‐extracted endotoxin produced a more rapid response than the TCA extract via the I.P. route whereas the TCA extract produced a higher temperature than the butanol extract when the S.C. route was used. 5. Fevers were inhibited at an environmental temperature of 20 degrees C and by anaesthesia, while the former had no effect on compositional changes the latter inhibited the fall in serum zinc in response to subcutaneous doses of either endotoxin and the increase in liver zinc content in response to the butanol extract of endotoxin. 6. At 20 degrees C a marked fall in rectal temperature occurred in conscious rats 2 h after receiving the TCA but not the butanol extract of endotoxin. Temperature depression was more severe when endotoxin was administered by the I.P. route. 7. Serum urea was elevated in conscious rats by the TCA extract of endotoxin via both routes but only by the I.P. route for the butanol extract of endotoxin. In anaesthetized animals only the TCA extract of endotoxin raised serum urea concentration when given intraperitoneally. 8. Serum albumin and liver protein and RNA were unaffected by endotoxin injections over the 7 h time course of the study. 9. Rectal temperature responses to endotoxins were influenced in direction and magnitude by all variables employed in the study, while compositional changes were unaffected by environmental temperature but influenced to varying degrees by urethane anaesthesia and the route of administration employed.
A broadband dual-polarized planar printed dipole fed by a vertical printed balun

In this paper, a wideband planar dual-polarized dipole with two pairs of T-shape loadings is designed for the base-station antennas. The proposed planar dipole has a vertically printed feeding balun, easy to be fabricated and mounted. The bandwidth of traditional printed dipole can be enhanced and the profile can be reduced. Two such dipoles are cross arranged to realize a dual-polarized antenna. Simulations show that the proposed dipole antenna can provide a bandwidth of 79.2% for VSWR<;2 and 67.3% for VSWR<;1.5, while good radiation performance over the operating band is also obtained.
The importance of tissue penetration in achieving successful antimicrobial treatment of nosocomial pneumonia and complicated skin and soft-tissue infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: vancomycin and linezolid

Abstract Background: The rising prevalence of nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the recent emergence of community-associated MRSA are major clinical, public health, and economic challenges. MRSA is a leading cause of nosocomial pneumonia and complicated skin and soft-tissue infections (cSSTI). Vancomycin and linezolid are two commonly used antimicrobial agents with activity against Gram-positive pathogens, particularly MRSA, that are used to treat both nosocomial pneumonia and cSSTI. Recently, the therapeutic efficacy of vancomycin in the treatment of hospitalized patients with MRSA infections has been questioned due to the emergence of MRSA strains with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin together with concerns related to inadequate dosing and poor tissue penetration of the drug. Scope: A literature review was conducted to investigate the pharmacokinetics and pulmonary and tissue penetration of vancomycin and linezolid. Using MEDLINE and EMBASE, the most relevant articles in English published over the past 25 years (up to October 2008) were identified and summarized. Studies in human volunteers and adult patients that measured concentrations of antibiotic in serum, epithelial lining fluid (ELF), and tissue were selected for further review. Findings: For both drugs, pharmacokinetic studies were conducted in diverse patient populations and employed varying techniques to measure tissue concentrations. Vancomycin concentrations in ELF ranged from 5 to 25% of simultaneous plasma levels, while concentrations in whole homogenized lung tissue were slightly higher (24–41%). Distribution of vancomycin into soft tissue was variable. For linezolid, overall mean concentrations in ELF and in soft tissue were generally similar or higher than simultaneous plasma levels, although variability in tissue penetration across studies in healthy volunteers and patients was seen. Limitations: The studies included in this review vary greatly in their designs and patient populations; this, together with methodologic difficulties, limits the interpretation of the data. Conclusions: In the absence of clinical data correlating ELF concentrations and clinical outcome, the clinical significance of differences in pulmonary penetration of vancomycin and linezolid is unknown. Higher vancomycin serum concentrations may be necessary to achieve appropriate lung concentrations to optimize treatment outcomes. Linezolid demonstrates adequate penetration into lung and other soft issues with sustained concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentrations for susceptible pathogens, including MRSA, for the majority of the dosing interval. Examination of the pharmacokinetic data adds insights not provided by the clinical trial data and together provides clinicians with a more comprehensive basis for selecting appropriate antimicrobial therapy for the treatment of serious MRSA infections.
Automatic Topic Identification for Idea Summarization in Idea Visualization Programs

Recent idea visualization programs still lack automatic idea summarization capabilities. This paper presents a knowledge-based method for automatically providing a short piece of English text about a topic to each idea group in idea charts. This automatic topic identiﬁcation makes used Yet Another General Ontology (YAGO) and Wordnet as its knowledge bases. We propose a novel topic selection method and we compared its performance with three existing methods using two experimental datasets constructed using two idea visualization programs, i.e., the KJ Method (Kawakita Jiro Method) and mind-mapping programs. Our proposed topic identiﬁcation method outperformed the baseline method in terms of both performance and consistency. key words: creativity support system, idea summarization, KJ method, knowledge-based automatic topic identiﬁcation, mind map
Experimental Physiology –Research Paper: The effect of cooling on the contractility of equine digital small lamellar arteries: modulating role of the endothelium

The equine hoof displays thermoregulatory functions, and the blood vessels lying under the hoof wall are temperature sensitive. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cooling on the contractile responses to α‐adrenoceptor and 5‐HT receptor stimulation in equine small lamellar arteries using wire myography. The role of the endothelium in the response mediated by 5‐HT was also evaluated. Moderate cooling caused a reduction of the contraction induced by depolarizing Krebs solution (DKS, containing 118 mm KCl) and the maximal contraction caused by UK‐14304 (α2‐adrenoceptor agonist). The potency of methoxamine (α1‐adrenoceptor agonist) was reduced by cooling [pD2 (−log EC50) at 22°C, 5.7 (5.5–6.0) versus 30°C, 5.9 (5.7–6.1)]; however, the efficacy was maintained. The contractions evoked by sumatripan and α‐methyl 5‐HT (5‐HT receptor agonists) were not modified by moderate cooling. In contrast, a cooling‐enhanced contraction was observed in response to 5‐HT [maximum response (Emax) at 22°C, 213.2 ± 13% DKS versus 30°C, 179.9 ± 11% DKS]. Furthermore, this effect was more evident in endothelium‐denuded lamellar arteries (Emax at 22°C, 270.2 ± 26% DKS versus 30°C, 172.2 ± 20% DKS), suggesting a potential modulating role of the endothelium. The l‐NAME/ibuprofen‐resistant relaxation in response to carbachol was reduced by cooling in small lamellar arteries precontracted with 5‐HT but not phenylephrine. Therefore, a moderate reduction of temperature modulates the reactivity of small lamellar arteries by enhancing the 5‐HT‐mediated contraction, but inhibits the α‐adrenoceptor‐mediated response. Furthermore, the endothelium of these blood vessels may play an important role in preventing excessive vasoconstriction in response to 5‐HT and maintaining digital blood flow in cool environmental temperatures.
Isolated CNS vasculitis: Unusual presentation of relapsed Ewing sarcoma

We describe a 12‐year‐old boy male who presented with an expressive dysphasia after completion of treatment for unifocal Ewing sarcoma. CNS vasculitis was diagnosed by MRI/MRA and cerebral angiography. Extensive rheumatologic work‐up failed to identify an underlying primary process. Restaging studies showed no evidence of tumor. Complete neurologic recovery was achieved on prednisone. Four months later the patient developed overt, extensive metastases, confirmed by biopsy to represent recurrent Ewing sarcoma. Despite intensive therapy the patient succumbed 6 months later. This case demonstrates the unique finding of isolated CNS vasculitis as a presenting sign of Ewing sarcoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010;54:326–328. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigation of Nonequilibrium Effects in Axisymmetric Nozzle and Blunt Body Nitrogen Flows by Means of a Reduced Rovibrational Collisional Model

Abstract : A vibrational collisional model is proposed to study the internal energy excitation and dissociation processes in 2D axisymmetric nonequilibrium nitrogen flows. The chemical database for the N+N2 system recently developed at NASA Ames Research Center provides rate coefficients for rovibrational dissociation and excitation. Vibrationally averaged rate coefficients for N+N2 inelastic collisions are computed based on the hypothesis of equilibrium between translational and rotational modes. Inelastic N2+N2 collisions are also considered based on literature data. The governing equations for 2D inviscid axisymmetric nonequilibrium flows are discretized in space by means of the finite volume method. Time integration is performed through the use of the operator splitting approach. Applications to the supersonic flow through the converging-diverging nozzle of the NASA Ames EAST (Electric Arc Shock Tube) facility and to the flow over a sphere, show that populations of vibrational levels experience departure from a Boltzmann distribution. For the nozzle case, experimental data are available and have been compared against computational results. A good agreement between the two is observed.
The efficacy of smartphone‐based mental health interventions for depressive symptoms: a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials

The rapid advances and adoption of smartphone technology presents a novel opportunity for delivering mental health interventions on a population scale. Despite multi‐sector investment along with wide‐scale advertising and availability to the general population, the evidence supporting the use of smartphone apps in the treatment of depression has not been empirically evaluated. Thus, we conducted the first meta‐analysis of smartphone apps for depressive symptoms. An electronic database search in May 2017 identified 18 eligible randomized controlled trials of 22 smartphone apps, with outcome data from 3,414 participants. Depressive symptoms were reduced significantly more from smartphone apps than control conditions (g=0.38, 95% CI: 0.24‐0.52, p<0.001), with no evidence of publication bias. Smartphone interventions had a moderate positive effect in comparison to inactive controls (g=0.56, 95% CI: 0.38‐0.74), but only a small effect in comparison to active control conditions (g=0.22, 95% CI: 0.10‐0.33). Effects from smartphone‐only interventions were greater than from interventions which incorporated other human/computerized aspects along the smartphone component, although the difference was not statistically significant. The studies of cognitive training apps had a significantly smaller effect size on depression outcomes (p=0.004) than those of apps focusing on mental health. The use of mood monitoring softwares, or interventions based on cognitive behavioral therapy, or apps incorporating aspects of mindfulness training, did not affect significantly study effect sizes. Overall, these results indicate that smartphone devices are a promising self‐management tool for depression. Future research should aim to distil which aspects of these technologies produce beneficial effects, and for which populations.
Statistical methods for assessment of added usefulness of new biomarkers

Abstract The discovery and development of new biomarkers continues to be an exciting and promising field. Improvement in prediction of risk of developing disease is one of the key motivations in these pursuits. Appropriate statistical measures are necessary for drawing meaningful conclusions about the clinical usefulness of these new markers. In this review, we present several novel metrics proposed to serve this purpose. We use reclassification tables constructed on the basis of clinically meaningful disease risk categories to discuss the concepts of calibration, risk separation, risk discrimination, and risk classification accuracy. We discuss the notion that the net reclassification improvement (NRI) is a simple yet informative way to summarize information contained in risk reclassification tables. In the absence of meaningful risk categories, we suggest a ‘category-less’ version of the NRI and integrated discrimination improvement as metrics to summarize the incremental value of new biomarkers. We also suggest that predictiveness curves be preferred to receiver operating characteristic curves as visual descriptors of a statistical model's ability to separate predicted probabilities of disease events. Reporting of standard metrics, including measures of relative risk and the c statistic, is still recommended. These concepts are illustrated with a risk prediction example using data from the Framingham Heart Study. Clin Chem Lab Med 2010;48:1703–11.
Dissection of floral induction pathways using global expression analysis

Flowering of the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana is controlled by several signaling pathways, which converge on a small set of genes that function as pathway integrators. We have analyzed the genomic response to one type of floral inductive signal, photoperiod, to dissect the function of several genes transducing this stimulus, including CONSTANS, thought to be the major output of the photoperiod pathway. Comparing the effects of CONSTANS with those of FLOWERING LOCUS T, which integrates inputs from CONSTANS and other floral inductive pathways, we find that expression profiles of shoot apices from plants with mutations in either gene are very similar. In contrast, a mutation in LEAFY, which also acts downstream of CONSTANS, has much more limited effects. Another pathway integrator, SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO 1, is responsive to acute induction by photoperiod even in the presence of the floral repressor encoded by FLOWERING LOCUS C. We have discovered a large group of potential floral repressors that are down-regulated upon photoperiodic induction. These include two AP2 domain-encoding genes that can repress flowering. The two paralogous genes, SCHLAFMÜTZE and SCHNARCHZAPFEN, share a signature with partial complementarity to the miR172 microRNA, whose precursor we show to be induced upon flowering. These and related findings on SPL genes suggest that microRNAs play an important role in the regulation of flowering.
MHC antigens on mouse trophoblast cells: paucity of Ia antigens despite the presence of H-2K and D.

The presence of Ia antigens was examined on the surface of trophoblast cells isolated from mouse placentae resulting from mating C57BL/6 female and CBA male mice. A sensitive immunolabeling method was employed in which cells were treated with polyspecific anti-Ia (A.TH anti-A.TL) or monoclonal anti-Ia.17 antibody followed by 125I-labeled protein A and examined with the aid of quantitative radioautography. No appreciable levels of Ia antigens were detectable between days 12 and 17 of pregnancy, although significant amounts of H-2D were always found on the trophoblast cells from the same placentae, and spleen cells as well as thymocytes from control animals always showed the expected degree of labeling for Ia antigens.