Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Traffic Scene Perception using Multiple Sensors for Vehicular Safety Purposes

Autonomous driving is an emerging technology, preventing accidents on the road in future. It, however, faces many challenges because of various environmental conditions and limitations of sensors. In this dissertation, we study multiple sensor integration to overcome their limitations and reliably perform missions enabling autonomous driving. The laser scanner point cloud is a rich source of information, suffers from low resolution, especially for farther objects. We generalize 2D super-resolution approaches applied in image processing to the 3D point clouds. Two variants are developed for the 3D super-resolution: the dense point cloud is generated in such a way that it follows the geometry of the original point cloud; the brightness of the images are utilized to generate the dense point cloud. The results show our proposed approach successfully improves the density of the point cloud, preserves the edges and corners of objects, and provides more realistic dense point cloud of objects relative to the existing surface reconstruction approaches. The static and moving objects must be detected on the road, the moving objects must be tracked, and trajectory of the platform must be designed to avoid accidents. The densified point clouds are integrated with other sources of information, including the GPS/IMU navigation solution and GIS maps, to detect the objects on the road
Intra-and internetwork interactions in magnetic oxides

Partial substitutions of Mn by a transition metal Me in the rare-earth manganites REMexMn1 xO3 results in the simultaneous presence of Mn and Mn, triggering double exchange ferromagnetic mechanisms. The RE sublattice has its own properties and can interact with the local field imposed by the ferromagnetic network. Its orientation differs depending on the RE nature, adopting most usually a parallel (additive) direction with respect to the (applied+local) field but, in other cases, it may align in an opposite direction, resulting in an uncompensated antiferromagnetic lattice and a reversal of the magnetic moment (spin inversion) during thermal cycling. A particular case concerns the half-substituted compound ErCo0.50Mn0. 50O3 for which the magnetization loop presents two wellidentified anomalies, at high field (metamagnetic or spin-flop transition) and at low field (intersection of the magnetization branches).
L O ] 2 8 Ju l 2 01 9 Causal Inference by String Diagram Surgery

Extracting causal relationships from observed correlations is a growing area in probabilistic reasoning, originating with the seminal work of Pearl and others from the early 1990s. This paper develops a new, categorically oriented view based on a clear distinction between syntax (string diagrams) and semantics (stochastic matrices), connected via interpretations as structure-preserving functors. A key notion in the identification of causal effects is that of an intervention, whereby a variable is forcefully set to a particular value independent of any prior dependencies. We represent the effect of such an intervention as an endofunctor which performs ‘string diagram surgery’ within the syntactic category of string diagrams. This diagram surgery in turn yields a new, interventional distribution via the interpretation functor. While in general there is no way to compute interventional distributions purely from observed data, we show that this is possible in certain special cases using a calculational tool called comb disintegration. We demonstrate the use of this technique on a well-known toy example, where we predict the causal effect of smoking on cancer in the presence of a confounding common cause. After developing this specific example, we show this technique provides simple sufficient conditions for computing interventions which apply to a wide variety of situations considered in the causal inference literature.
Active Orthosis for Ankle Articulation Pathologies

This work addresses the analysis, simulation, and control of the ankle joint during gait, with the goal of designing an active ankle-foot orthosis (AAFO) to assist individuals without motor control at the ankle joint. An elastic foot contact model was developed in SimMechanics ® , allowing that with knee and leg kinematics prescribed, the correct movement of ankle joint during gait cycle could be achieved by the controller. Three control strategies were implemented: proportional-derivative (P-D) control and linear quadratic regulator (LQR) for reference following, and impedance control (IC) for mimic the human control by considering an ankle stiffness and damping during gait cycle. An AAFO was designed for assisting the ankle movement during gait with the characteristics on biomechanical requirements for an individual with a body mass of 70kg. A series elastic actuator (SEA) provides the active control of the AAFO. The SEA was designed to be lightweight, compact, and with enough power to provide the ankle movement during gait. The presented AAFO is expected to be autonomous and assist the ankle movement in all phases of the gait cycle.
Litigation Analytics: Case Outcomes Extracted from US Federal Court Dockets

Dockets contain a wealth of information for planning a litigation strategy, but the information is locked up in semi-structured text. Manually deriving the outcomes for each party (e.g., settlement, verdict) would be very labor intensive. Having such information available for every past court case, however, would be very useful for developing a strategy because it potentially reveals tendencies and trends of judges and courts and the opposing counsel. We used Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques and deep learning methods allowing us to scale the automatic analysis of millions of US federal court dockets. The automatically extracted information is fed into a Litigation Analytics tool that is used by lawyers to plan how they approach concrete litigations.
Vehicle Detection and Speed Estimation for Automated Traffic Surveillance Systems at Nighttime

: This article proposes a vehicle detection and speed measurement system to estimate a vehicle’s velocity by identifying its headlight properties in a nighttime environment. We present a traffic surveillance system for vehicle detection and tracking in the nighttime along with a background extraction and automatic vanishing point detection process. We show that a single video camera can sufficiently and effectively operate to concurrently calculate and detect a vanishing point during the daytime. We have applied this to preprocessing in an automated traffic surveillance system in the nighttime. The experimental results show that vehicle tracking is possible, even in the nighttime. Preliminary experimental results confirm the possibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithms for this nighttime vehicle surveillance system. They demonstrate that a single camera with an embedded image processing system can concurrently monitor, detect and track multiple vehicles in multiple lanes during the nighttime as successfully as the daytime.
Programmed Instruction in Creative Problem Solving

lARCH in the area of crea tive thinking and problem solving has been characterized by Yamainoto (14) as being analogous to blind men "viewing" an ele phant. There is an urgent need for systematization and integration of research findings to bring educational implications clearly into view. Among the most difficult problems confronting the researcher inter ested in creativity is the question, "Can creativity be developed? " Research addressed to the facilitation of creative thinking and problem solving through instruction is beset by a number of problems. Some of these are at the level of definition and measurement: What is crea tivity? Does everyone have creative poten tial? Can it be recognized in children? How can it be assessed reliably? Other problems pertain to the adequate specification of in structional materials for developing creative thinking and problem solving. Research related to a recently developed instructional program for creative develop ment, the Productive Thinking Program, developed by Covington, Crutchfield, and Davics (3) will be considered in this paper. The program consists of 16 booklets, and proposes to develop creative problem-solving abilities and related attitudes among fifth and sixth grade pupils. Principles of creative problem solving and affective characteristics related to effective problem solving are pre sented in a series of mystery-story problems. Two youngsters, Jim and Lila Cannon, learn DONALD J. TREFFINGER RICHARD E. RIPPLE
The Shareholder vs. Stakeholder Debate reconsidered

In the debate about which principle the management of a corporation should follow, the diversity of principles has grown over the last decades, challenging the dominant status of the shareholder and the stakeholder principle. This paper addresses the question of why neither approach has been able to convince scientists and the public of its principles. A reason for that can be found in their particular lines of argument and the concepts which are used to argue for the respective principles. Several methodological problems in their argumentations are discovered and traced back to a problematic employment of the goal-means scheme: as a method to explain a single actor’s behavior, the concept can be fruitfully employed, but its usage for explaining social phenomena is often misleading. The paper shows that both approaches can learn from each other to strengthen their own argumentations. Discussionspaper 2008-2 3 Rüdiger W. Waldkirch, Germany The Shareholder vs. Stakeholder Debate reconsidered
Identification and Screening of Avian Pathogenic E . coli Virulence Factors in Palestine

Introduction: Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria are common to many environments and exist in over 150 different strains. Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) strains cause diseases in birds at various ages. The introduction of such strains to the chicken via their respiratory tracts causes an invasive infection featured with multi-extraintestinal disorders, collectively known as Colibacillosis [1]. This causes massive death of chickens that leads to great economic losses for the poultry industry worldwide. Recent reports showed that the pathogenicity of APEC strains are associated with certain virulence genes that are located within the bacterial genome such as (papC, astA, vat, and irp2) and/or their colV plasmids such as (tsh, iucD, iss, and cvi) [2]. Identification and characterization of these genes are essential to implement an efficient disease control and prevention systems. The aim of this study is to screen genes that are associated with APEC diseases in Palestine.
Predicting deleterious sequence variants in the pig

In this paper, we present the prediction of deleterious variants in noncoding regions and protein-coding genes based on whole-genome sequence data of 673 pigs. Predicted sets are enriched for rare derived variants. The density of predicted deleterious variants across the genome correlates negatively with a proxy for recombination rate. The variants will be used for assessing the value of deleterious variants for increasing the accuracy of genomic selection, and for population genomics of and breeding to reduce deleterious load in pigs.
Gut - As endocrine orGAn

The gastrointestinal tract is the largest endocrine organ in the body and it is connected through the vagal neurons with brainstem, which acts as a site of integration between endocrine and neuronal signals. Gut hormones function to optimize the process of digestion and absorbtion of nutrients by the gut. The most well studied in this regard are: cholecystokinin, pancreatic polypeptide, peptide YY, glukagon-like peptide-1, oxyntomodulin and ghrelin. Recent research suggests that gut hormones can be manipulated to regulate energy balance in humans. Gut hormone-based therapies may thus provide an effective and well-tolerated treatment for diabetes mellitus and obesity.
Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of microRNA-200 family in lung cancer : a meta-analysis

Background/Aim: In recent years, the relationship between miR-200 expression and prognosis in lung cancer patients has been studied extensively. The miR-200 family plays a vital role in occurrence, development, metastasis, and drug resistance of lung cancer. Increasing evidence has shown that the miR-200 family is highly expressed in lung cancer and associated with poor prognosis. However, results have been inconclusive. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the association between miR-200 family expression and the clinicopathological and prognostic significance in patients with lung cancer via conducting a meta-analysis. Methods: A total of 9 different publications were searched from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane library databases. Summary hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects/fixed-effects models. Results: A total of nine articles, consisting of 812 patients, were included in this meta-analysis. Pooling all eligible studies, this study found a shorter overall survival in patients with high expression of the miR-200 family (HR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.10-4.73). Furthermore, subgroup analysis, based on area, demonstrated that a significant association was found between higher expression of the miR-200 family and poor overall survival (HR = 4.70, 95% CI: 1.5913.89) in the European population. However, there was no significant association between high expression of the miR-200 family and poor PFS (HR = 1.40, 95% CI: 0.21-9.25). In addition, this study failed to observe a correlation of increased miR-200 family expression with clinicopathological parameters, including age, sex, histology, tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage, lymph node metastasis, and tumor differentiation. Conclusion: High expression of the miR-200 family is significantly associated with poor clinical outcomes, particularly decreasing overall survival for European populations. Future studies should be performed to confirm the clinical utility of the miR-200 family in lung cancer.
Therapeutic efficacy of Xiaotan Sanjie Formula on microsatellite instability of human gastric cancer MKN-45 cells and exploration of the underlying mechanism

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and explore the action mechanism of Xiaotan Sanjie Formula (XSF) on microsatellite instability (MSI) in human gastric cancer MKN-45 cells. Methods: The therapeutic efficacy of XSF on human gastric cancer MKN-45 cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8. Five MSI loci (D17S250, D2S123, D5S346, Bat-25 and Bat-26) were detected by STR Genotyping. The effect of XSF on the expression of MSI proteins of hMLH1, TGFβRII, IGFRII and Bax was analyzed by Western blot and RT-PCR. Results: XSF inhibited the proliferation of human gastric cancer MKN-45 cells in a time-dependent manner. When these MKN-45 cells were amplified to the five MSI loci, both D2S123 and D5S346 showed MSI with two peaks. After 48-h intervention with XSF, the mutation of D2S123 and D5S346 loci tended to be stabilized; the relative expression level of hMLH1, TGFβRII and Bax mRNA was increased in varying degrees, and the expression level of IGFRII mRNA tended to decrease, while the expression level of IGFRII protein was increased significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion: XSF inhibited MSI of human gastric cancer MKN-45 cells, probably by up-regulating MSI-associated hMLH1, TGFβRII, IGFRII and Bax gene and protein expressions, and IGFRII protein expression.
Sentence‐Chain Based Seq2seq Model for Corpus Expansion

This study focuses on a method for sequential data augmentation in order to alleviate data sparseness problems. Specifically, we present corpus expansion techniques for enhancing the coverage of a language model. Recent recurrent neural network studies show that a seq2seq model can be applied for addressing language generation issues; it has the ability to generate new sentences from given input sentences. We present a method of corpus expansion using a sentence‐chain based seq2seq model. For training the seq2seq model, sentence chains are used as triples. The first two sentences in a triple are used for the encoder of the seq2seq model, while the last sentence becomes a target sequence for the decoder. Using only internal resources, evaluation results show an improvement of approximately 7.6% relative perplexity over a baseline language model of Korean text. Additionally, from a comparison with a previous study, the sentence chain approach reduces the size of the training data by 38.4% while generating 1.4‐times the number of n‐grams with superior performance for English text.
Indications for primary rotating-hinge total knee arthroplasty . Is there consensus ?

n Jan Dauwe. n Hilde Vandenneucker. University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium. Correspondence : Jan Dauwe, UZ Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium E-mail : jan.dauwe@student.kuleuven. be © 2018, Acta Orthopaedica Belgica. regarding the use on rotating-hinge prostheses in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is contradictory. Several authors consider such devices to be useful in salvage procedures after numerous failed revisions. Others have described encouraging outcomes regarding revision surgery; especially for (a)septic loosening and persistent ligamentous instability (10,11,14,15,20) and even primary TKA for severe varus/valgus deformities or instable knee joints (10). Data reported in literature about fully constraint knee implants in revision setting are abundant, while evidence on the use of rotating-hinge knee systems in primary TKA is scarce. However, rotating-hinge devices in total knee arthroplasty are increasingly used in primary setting (2). The small number of published clinical studies pertaining to primary hinged knee replacement suggests that this type of implant involves functional improvements and rates of survival comparable to conventional cemented knee replacements (1-3,6,7,13,17-19,22,26,31,33,35-37). Nevertheless, Martin et al. recently published data showing that the survival free from revision surgery is significantly lower in rotating-hinge devices The use of rotating-hinge systems in total knee arthroplasty is most often seen in revision setting where excessive bone loss, ligamentous instability and/ or extensor mechanism dysfunction may necessitate an increased level of component constraint. However, this implant type is also being increasingly used in the primary setting. The aim of this study is to review literature concerning the use of third generation rotating-hinge devices focusing on the indications for primary cases. Literature was searched for following search terms: total knee arthroplasty, primary indication, constraint, rotating hinge knee, knee prosthesis, hinged knee, total knee replacement. Additional papers were identified by screening references and similar articles. All papers dealing with first or second generation rotating-hinge implants and revision cases were discarded. After conducting a large literature search, we concluded that third generation rotating-hinge implants should be considered in limited indications in which ligamentous tibiofemoral instability is the core indication.
The role of PET imaging probes for early monitoring the response to tamoxifen therapy in a xenograft nude mouse model of ER-positive breast cancer : comparison of 18 F-FDG , 18 F-FES , and 18 F-FLT

Aim: In the present study, the possibility of using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG), 18F-fluoro-17βestradiol (18F-FES), and 3’-deoxy-3’-18F-fluorothymidine (18F-FLT) to monitor the response to tamoxifen therapy was assessed as early as 3 days in a mouse xenograft model of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer. Materials and Methods: Nude mice bearing ER+ human breast cancer MCF-7 xenografts were treated with vehicle or tamoxifen. Micro-PET imaging with 18F-FDG, 18F-FLT, and 18F-FES was performed prior to and 3 days after treatment. Histopathologic analyses, including hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E) and immunohistochemical studies (ERα, ERβ, GLUT1, Ki-67, and PCNA), were performed. Results: 18F-FLT and 18F-FES uptake was decreased on day 3 after tamoxifen treatment (P < 0.05), while 18F-FDG uptake showed no significant decrease (P > 0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor samples indicated that staining of ERα, GLUT1, Ki-67, and PCNA was decreased in the tamoxifen-treated group compared with the vehicle-treated group (P < 0.05). However, no noticeable difference of ERβ staining was observed in tumor cells between vehicle-treated and tamoxifen-treated groups (P = 0.471). Peri-necrotic GLUT1 expression was particularly apparent near the necrotic area of tamoxifen-treated tumors. Conclusion: 18F-FES and 18F-FLT are superior to 18F-FDG as PET imaging probes for monitoring the response to tamoxifen treatment as early as 3 days in ER+ breast cancer. Peri-necrotic GLUT1 expression might be one of the reasons why 18F-FDG PET could not early evaluate the response to tamoxifen therapy. 18F-FES PET could reliably assess down-regulation of ERα caused by tamoxifen treatment.
Point Spread Function of Specular Reflection and Gonio-Reflectance Distribution 1

In this article, the specular reflection phenomenon is analyzed by the concept of the point spread function (PSF). The conventional PSF, which is a sharpness criterion, is used for the transfer function in image science. In general, print (an ink image on paper) is observed as diffuse reflection light, and the light source image, i.e., gloss, is observed as specular reflection. We first introduce the point spread function of specular reflection (SR-PSF). A measurement principle for the SR-PSF is proposed, and a measurement apparatus for the SR-PSF is developed by using a collimator optical system. The experimental results show that the measured SR-PSF works as a transfer function for a specular reflection image. Each detected position is in agreement with the angle of reflected light. The apparatus works as a goniophotometer within a narrow solid angle. The relation between the SR-PSF and the specular reflection angle distribution is discussed in terms of surface geometry. It is concluded that the measured data are the SR-PSF and they have a gonio-reflectance distribution. The reflection angle is caused by the surface normal, and the surface normal distribution can be calculated from the gonio-reflectance distribution by using the mathematical model. We plan to apply our proposed principle to the development of an evaluation technique for the visual gloss. In addition, the high-resolution goniophotometer can be further developed by this measuring technique. c © 2015 Society for Imaging Science and Technology. [DOI: 10.2352/J.ImagingSci. Technol.2015. 59.1. 010501] INTRODUCTION Gloss is one of the important qualities for printing paper. Many industrial printing papers are classified into glossy paper or matte paper. When a printed image is observed under a light source, gloss on the surface is observed in addition to the printed image. In a dichromatic reflection model, the intensity of the reflected light is the sum of the diffuse reflection and the specular reflection. As shown in Figure 1, part of the incident light is absorbed, scattered, and widely reflected in all directions. This is called diffuse reflection. The printed image is observed as a diffuse reflection phenomenon. Specular reflection is themirror-like 1 A portion of this article was presented at the IS&T’s CGIV2012Conference held in Amsterdam.
Optimization subject to transport microsimulation constraints

The purpose of this work is to solve optimization problems th at are constrained by a dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) simulation. Examples are signal optimization (where the DT A simulation evaluates the system-wide performance of a giv en signal plan), origin/destination matrix estimation (wher e the DTA simulation predicts the network flow patterns resul ting from an origin/destination matrix, which then can be compared to real data), and network design problems (where the DTA predi cts the usage pattern of new/modified infrastructure elements) .