Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A future energy supply based on Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHC)

This contribution describes a concept for the establishment of a competitive energy distribution network based on Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier (LOHC) compounds. These compounds are characterized by the fact that they can be loaded and un-loaded with considerable amounts of hydrogen in a cyclic process. This concept links the technical challenge of storing temporary and local energy over-production from regenerative sources with the vision of a sustainable, hydrogen-based mobility. The proposed LOHC compounds have many physico-chemical similarities to diesel. Thus, LOHCs could make use of the existing energy infrastructure (e.g. tank ships, storage tanks or fueling stations) and enable a slow and step-wise replacement of the existing hydrocarbon fuels by alternative LOHC fuels. We consider LOHCs as an attractive way to provide wind and solar energy for mobility applications in the form of liquid energy carrying molecules of similar energy storage densities and manageability as today's fossil fuels.
Optimization and Application of Flue Gas Denitrification Control for Thermal Power Units Based on Internal Model Control

The flue gas emissions of thermal power units are widely concerned because of the increasingly strict environment protection requirements. This paper aims at the optimization of flue gas denitrification control for thermal power units. The research introduces the selective catalytic reduction flue gas denitrification system, establishes the first-order model of SPRAYING ammonia system by step response of controlled system, and determines the PID controller parameters following the internal model control tuning rule. The automatic control strategy of SPRAYING ammonia system based on internal model control is given. The application of a 300 MW unit and a 600 MW unit shows the effectiveness of the control strategy. Keywords-optimization;flue gas denitrification;selective catalytic reduction;thermal power units;internal model control.
Optical manipulation of single spins in diamond

Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond typically have spin-conserving optical transitions, a feature which allows for optical detection of the long-lived electronic spin states through fluorescence detection. However, by applying stress to a sample it is possible to obtain spin-nonconserving transitions in which a single excited state couples to multiple ground states. Here we describe two-frequency optical spectroscopy on single nitrogen-vacancy centers in a high-purity diamond sample at low temperature. When stress is applied to the sample it is possible to observe coherent population trapping with a single center. By adjusting the stress it is possible to obtain a situation in which all of the transitions from the three ground sublevels to a common excited state are strongly allowed. These results show that all-optical spin manipulation is possible for this system, and we propose that that by coupling single centers to optical microcavities, a scalable quantum network could be realized for photonic quantum information processing.
The “Serbian connection” in the age of the beat revolution in Hungary

The music market of Hungary was manipulated by state authorities and the communist party from the 1960s until the 1980s. That distorted environment is the reason why the careers of two of the greatest Hungarian beat stars of the Sixties differed so much: Levente Sz? r? nyi and Zor? n Sztevanovity were both partially or fully of Serbian origin, both were lead singers of their bands, and both were (in the first phase of their career) very careful with politics; however, their Serbian heritage and their family experiences were totally different, which explains their different behaviour during and after the Beat Revolution in Hungary.
Interactions between Water-Soluble Cellulose Derivatives and Surfactants. 1. The HPMC/SDS/Water System

The system hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC)/sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)/water has been investigated over an extended composition interval from infinite dilution to a polymer concentration above the critical overlap concentration (c * ) and a surfactant concentration up to ∼3 times the normal critical micelle concentration (cmc). The aim has been to characterize the redistribution (adsorption) of surfactant to the polymer and to investigate the system properties as a function of this adsorption. Several methods such as viscometry, equilibrium dialysis, cloud point determinations, dye solubilization, and fluorescence spectroscopy have been utilized. The onset of adsorption begins at ∼4.3 mM, and then it increases as an increasingly cooperative phenomenon to a saturation maximum in a region below the normal cmc (∼8 mM). This maximum approaches the normal cmc as the polymer concentration approaches zero. SDS adsorbs in a cooperative manner in the form of clusters, the average aggregation number (N) of which decreases with decreasing polymer concentration from ∼50 for 0.2% HPMC to 20-25 at infinite dilution. The solubilization capacity of the HPMC/SDS/water system is somewhat less than previously reported for the ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose/SDS/water system. Important rheological effects (high viscosity) are observed in a fairly limited composition range beginning at the onset of adsorption and ending long before adsorption saturation is reached. The maximum capacity of adsorption averaged over the entire polymer chain is found to be of the order of one adsorbed amphiphile molecule per polymer monomer unit.
Ternary and quaternary phase diagrams: key tools for chiral resolution through solution cocrystallization

The goal of this contribution is to guide the reader through the construction and the understanding of quaternary phase diagrams in the pursuit of optimal conditions for a chiral resolution through cocrystallization in solution. The overall description will be illustrated by experimental results on a system involving RS-2-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl) butanamide as chiral API to be separated, and S-mandelic acid as chiral coformer.
NATURE OF SUPER-LUBRICATING MOS2 PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION COATINGS

MoS2 is a well‐known solid lubricant used for space applications. Radio frequency (rf) magnetron sputtered MoS2 films are being used increasingly, due to an ultra‐low friction behavior in high vacuum (friction coefficient: ∼0.01). MoS2 coatings with a super‐low friction behavior (friction coefficient: ∼0.001) have been recently synthesized in an ultra‐high vacuum tribometer equipped with a rf magnetron sputtering device. Physicochemical and structural characterizations of the thin films have been carried out using XPS (x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and AES (Auger electron spectroscopy) to determine the extreme surface composition, HRTEM (high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy), GXRD (grazing‐angle x‐ray diffraction) for structural investigations, RBS (Rutherford backscattering spectrometry) for thickness and stoichiometry determination, and NBS (nuclear backscattering spectrometry) for quantitative analysis of oxygen contamination. Indentation tests at nanometric scale have also been perform.
Development of Polarizable Water Force Fields for Phase Equilibrium Calculations

Recent simulation studies for four dipole-polarizable and for two fluctuating-charge water force fields have demonstrated that none of the force fields studied is capable of yielding a satisfactory description of the vapor−liquid coexistence curve from room temperature to the critical region. The performance of these polarizable force fields can be improved dramatically by introducing an additional coupling between the Lennard−Jones interaction parameters for a pair of oxygen sites and their partial charges (electronic configuration). Two different types of water models are presented which are based on either the three-site simple point charge (SPC) or the four-site transferable intermolecular potential 4 point (TIP4P) water representations. Adiabatic nuclear and electronic sampling Monte Carlo (ANES-MC) simulations in the Gibbs, isobaric−isothermal, and canonical ensembles were performed to calculate vapor−liquid coexistence curves, to determine the temperatures of maximum liquid density, and to evaluate.
Comparison of 3′,5′- and 2′,5′-linked DNA duplex stabilities by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Two mutually complementary strands of 2′,5′-linked DNA form a unique noncovalent complex observed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry; by the latter method, the double-stranded state of a 2′,5′-linked DNA duplex is less stable than the natural DNA duplex of identical base composition.
Planiranje i organizacija unutar neprofitnih udruga s osvrtom na primjere

Neprofitna udruga temeljna je organizacija civilnog sektora. Ona okuplja istomisljenike koje povezuje zajednicki cilj – boljitak zajednice, drustva i države u kojoj žive i rade. Iako se neprofitne udruge cesto izjednacavaju s javnim sektorom, one su cesto brže, ucinkovitije i jeftinije u pružanju usluga i proizvoda korisnicima. Cesto i država sama potice razvoj takvog civilnog sektora koji ubrzava administrativne procese, ali i pozitivne ucinke u drustvu. Tamo gdje javni sektor nema dovoljno utjecaja ili se promjene odvijaju vrlo sporo i neucinkovito, pojavljuju se neprofitne udruge i civilni sektor koji služe kao veza između korisnika, pojedinca u drustvu, obitelji i zajednice te javnog sektora. Planiranje i organizacija u neprofitnim udrugama specificne su kao sto je i svaka udruga specificna sama po sebi. Primjena modela planiranja i organizacije profitnih udruga mora se prilagoditi posebnostima vanjskog i unutrasnjeg okruženja neprofitnih udruga. Detaljna analiza okruženja jamcit ce uspjesnost pocetnog djelovanja udruge zbog njezinog bržeg prilagođavanja novim i nepredvidivim prilikama, ali i zajednici u kojoj djeluje. Nakon registracije udruge, jednom kada se utvrdi njezina misija i vizija te njezini ciljevi i zadatci, osnivaci pristupaju strateskom, taktickom i operativnom planiranju. Planiranje može biti kratkorocno i dugorocno, a na vodstvu udruge (upravnom odboru, ali i osnivacima ili kljucnim osobama u radu udruge) je da uskladi ciljeve i zadatke te da im odredi prioritete u skladu s realnim ocekivanjima. Organizacija neprofitnih udruga ovisi o dogovoru njezinih clanova, no važno je znati koje ovlasti u organizaciji ima skupstina udruge, a koje njezin zastupnik ili predsjednik te u kojoj se mjeri može primijeniti pojam menadžmenta i menadžera na organizaciju i upravljanje pojedinom udrugom. Dobra organizacija znaci i dobro poslovanje udruge, ali i brže prilagođavanje novim uvjetima na „tržistu“ udruga. U prakticnom prikazu planiranja i organizacije udruga poslužila je Udruga „Prijatelji svetog Roka“ iz Draskovca.
Analysis of Dissolved Organic Matter and Bacterial Community in Degradation of Algal Bloom by EEMS and PCR-DGGE.

Lysis and degradation of algal bloom mainly composed of cyanobacteria collected from Tsukui Lake were investigated. Excitation emission matrix spectroscopy (EEMS) and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) were applied to elucidate the relationship between production of dissolved organic matter and bacterial community change during the lysis of algal bloom followed by their degradation in a batch incubation test. The lysis of algal bloom was indicated by rapid increases of dissolved organic carbon and UV absorbance at 260 nm within five days. In accordance with the lysis, several fluorescence peaks derived from humic- and protein-like substances appeared in the EEM. A significant shift of bacterial community was also demonstrated by the marked change in the DGGE profile. Phylogenetic analysis of the major DGGE bands showed that bacteria closely related to γ-Proteobacteria, CFB group and α-Proteobacteria probably played important roles in the lysis and degradation of algal bloom. When the fluorescence intensity of humic-like substances decreased significantly after 10 days incubation, one of the dominant DGGE bands had a very similar DNA sequence to that of the species reported to be able to degrade humic substances.
A national survey on the use of agricultural pesticides in Palestine

Abstract This research study identifies the types and estimates the quantity of pesticides used in selected Palestinian districts. A survey of farmers (n = 126) was conducted in five districts of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, where pesticides are mostly used on irrigated land cultivated with vegetables. Data analysis of received questionnaires (87%) revealed a total number of 217 pesticides including 13 soil sterilizers, while 134 kinds with different active ingredients (insecticides 62; fungicides 45; herbicides 20) were applied in all districts. Based on the total irrigated land cultivated, the rate of pesticides per dunum reached 0.77 L in Gaza strip and 0.18 L in the West Bank districts. Contrary to earlier published data, our results support a trend of general decrease in the use of agricultural pesticides in the districts under study further to recent efforts encouraging pest management practice.
Control of Minimally Processed Carrot (Daucus carota) Surface Discoloration Caused by Abrasion Peeling

Abrasion peeling of carrots results in formation of a white lignin type material on the surface during storage. The degree of its formation was directly related to severity of abrasion during peeling. Dipping the peeled product for 30 seconds in a 70°C. Acidic or basic solution (citric acid or sodium hydroxide), retarded formation of the material. The low pH dip did not cause flavor changes.
Preparation of Ag/SiO2 nanosize composites by a reverse micelle and sol-gel technique

Spherical nanosize Ag/SiO2 composite particles have been synthesized within reverse micelles via metal alkoxide hydrolysis and condensation. The size of the particles and the thickness of the coating can be controlled by manipulating the relative rates of the hydrolysis and condensation reactions of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) within the microemulsion. Composite particles in the size range 20−35 nm are produced. As the molar ratio of water to surfactant is increased above 10, the size distribution broadens. Absorption spectra have been used to dynamically monitor the reaction and growth. The effects of other synthesis parameters, such as the molar ratio of water to TEOS and the amount of base catalyst, are discussed. Possible mechanisms for the formation of the nanocomposite particles are also discussed.
Hard-mode Raman spectroscopy and structural phase transition in the relaxor ferroelectric lead scandium tantalate, Pb(Sc0.5Ta0.5)O3

The phase transition in the relaxor ferroelectric lead scandium tantalate, Pb(Sc0.5Ta0.5)O3, is investigated in both ordered and partly disordered (Sc, Ta disorder) modifications through the technique of hard-mode Raman spectroscopy. The vibrational modes for ordered para phase, ordered ferroelectric phase, disordered para phase and disordered ferroelectric phase are assigned to different representations of the respective groups (Fm3m (Z=2), R3m (Z=2), Pm3m (Z=1) and R3m (Z=1)) using the usual group-theoretical methods. The temperature evolution of the strong Raman band at 61cm-1 (hard mode) is investigated from 102 K to 873 K, for both phase transitions, namely ordered para to ordered ferro and disordered para to disordered ferro phases. The temperature variations of integrated intensity, full width at half maximum and square of the frequency of the 61cm-1 band are discussed in the light of phase transition mechanisms involved in relaxor ferroelectrics for both cases.
THERMOPHORESIS EFFECT ON THE MHD FLOW OVER AN INCLINED STRETCHING SHEET WITH HEAT GENERATION AND MAGNETIC FIELD

The thermophoretic effect of particle deposition on an electrically conducting, viscous, incompressible fluid past an inclined stretching porous plate in the presence of a uniform magnetic field with heat generation was studied experimentally and numerically. The equations governing the flow, temperature and concentration fields are reduced to a system of joined non-linear ordinary differential equations by similarity transformation. Non-linear differential equations are integrated numerically by using Nachtsheim- Swigert shooting iteration technique along with sixth order Runge-Kutta integration scheme. Finally the significance of physical parameters which are of engineering interest are examined both in graphical and tabular form.
Rapid and Efficient Synthesis of 3,3-Di(1H-indol-3-yl)indolin-2-ones and 2,2-Di(1H-indol-3-yl)-2H-acenaphthen-1-ones Catalyzed by p-TSA

Abstract An efficient synthesis of 3,3-di(1H-indol-3-yl)indolin-2-ones and 2,2-di(1H-indol-3-yl)-2H-acenaphthen-1-ones via a reaction of various isatins or acenaphthenequinone with indoles in the presence of p-methylbenzene sulfonic acid (p-TSA) in CH2Cl2 at room temperature is described. The advantages of this method include good reaction yield, simple workup procedure, and mild reaction condition. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Development and Application of a Continuous Microwave Reactor for Organic Synthesis

A laboratory-scale continuous microwave reactor (CMR) he been developed and used to conduct organic syntheses routinely, rapidly, and safely in a range of solvents, under pressures up to 1400 kPa and at temperatures up to 200 o C. Advantages and applications of the CMR are discussed, along with the rationale for the design. Reactions carried out with the CMR included nucleophilic substitution, addition, esterification, transesterification, acetalization, amidation, base- and acid-catalyzed hydrolysis, isomerization, decarboxylation, and elimination. Name reactions included the Michael addition, Hofmann degradation, Williamson ether synthesis, and the Mannich, Finkelstein, Baylis-Hillman, and Knoevenagel reactions
BTX biodegradation in activated sludge under multiple redox conditions

Activated sludge sequencing batch reactors were used to study BTX biodegradation under anoxic (denitrifying), microaerobic, and aerobic conditions. Toluene and m-xylene were biodegraded under denitrifying conditions, and the loss of these compounds correlated with the activity of reducing enzymes that were capable of oxidizing methyl viologen. Although benzene, p-, and o-xylene were recalcitrant under anoxic treatment, all three were biodegraded under microaerobic [ 4 mg/L) condition.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF THE LEAVES OF MELIA AZEDARACH L.

The aim of the study was to investigate the presence of phytochemical compounds from the leaves of Melia azedarach L. , using methanolic extraction. The phytochemical compound screened by GC-MS method. 48 bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the methanolic extract of M. azedarach. The identification of phytochemical compounds is based on the peak area, retention time molecular weight and molecular formula. A large variety of compounds have been detected in M. azedarach including Flavonoid, phytosterols, Diterpene, alkane hydrocabon, nalkanoic acid , vitamin-E and Tri-terpene, Terpene alcohol.
Nutrient leaching losses from a sandy soil in lysimeters

Abstract Two lysimeter experiments were conducted on annual leaching losses of calcium (Ca), potassium (K), sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), sulphate‐sulphur (SO4‐S), and magnesium (Mg) (one experiment only) from a sandy soil in central England during 1988–1995 to provide information on typical nutrient losses under arable agriculture below 1.2 m (Experiment 1) or 1.5 m (Experiment 2). Total annual losses, in the absence of manure additions, were highly dependent on the amount of drainage; flow‐weighted average concentrations were similar between years within experiments. Concentrations, averaged over the duration of the experiments were 74 and 78 mg L‐1 Ca, 17 and 27 mg L‐1 Na, 11 and 8 mg L‐1 K, 74 and 77 mg L‐1 Cl, and 57 and 38 mg L‐1 SO4‐S for the two experiments respectively; Mg concentration was 17 mg L‐1. Applications of chicken litter were made to some of the lysimeters in the last three years, and all nutrients showed increased leaching as a result. Application rates akin to disposal (rather than for.
Influence of annealing temperature on the structural and optical properties of sol–gel prepared ZnO thin films

Zinc oxide thin films have been prepared via a sol–gel process. The influence of annealing temperature on the structural and optical properties of the ZnO thin films has been investigated. The prepared ZnO thin films had a polycrystalline hexagonal wurtzite structure with no preferred orientation. The annealing temperature had a great effect on the optical properties of the ZnO thin films: the optical band gap became narrow due to the increase in crystallite size and the reduction in amorphous phase amount with increasing annealing temperature. Absorption or desorption of oxygen in the annealing process caused the observed yellow or green emission. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Algae–silica systems as functional hybrid materials

Microalgal cells were entrapped within two different sol–gel silica matrices with the aim of carrying out viability studies and developing active phases for sensor development. The first sol–gel system, based on methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MAPTS) and tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) monomers, was able to entrap lyophilized Chlorella vulgaris and Anabaena sp. PCC7120, but its rather non-porous nature limited the algal viability to the surface and fractures of the resulting hybrid material. However, this sol–gel material prepared with Chlorella tissue successfully performed as an active phase in the development of sensors for heavy-metal ions (e.g. Pb2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+) in water solution. The second sol–gel system was obtained using methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMOS), phenyltrimethoxysilane (PhTMOS) and TMOS monomers. Here, entrapped algae appeared to weakly interact with the resulting matrix probably due to its high hydrophobicity and also very low porosity. In this context, SEM and AFM studies carried out with the Anabaena-sol–gel material showed that algae could be removed from the polymeric network leaving traces having the algae’s peculiar three-dimensional shape. This opens the way to prepare imprinted materials using a soft lithographic approach, which could be potentially used as artificial receptors for electrochemical sensing of algae target species.
Using a MISiC-FET sensor for detecting NH/sub 3/ in SCR systems

One way to decrease the emitted levels of NO/sub x/ from diesel engines is to add NH/sub 3/ in the form of urea to the exhausts after combustion. NH/sub 3/ will react with NO/sub x/ in the catalytic converter to form N/sub 2/ and water, which is called selective catalytic reduction (SCR). The amount of NH/sub 3/ added may be regulated through closed loop control by using an NH/sub 3/3 sensor. The MISiC-FET (metal insulator silicon carbide field effect transistor) sensor has previously been tested in this application and has been shown to be sensitive to NH/sub 3/. Here, the sensors have been further tested in engine SCR systems. Cross-sensitivity tests and studies concerning the influence of water vapor have been performed in the laboratory. The difference between Ir and Pt films, with regard to catalytic activity, has also been investigated. The sensors were found to be sensitive to ammonia in diesel engine exhausts. The addition of urea was computer controlled, which made it possible to add NH/sub 3/ in a stair-like fashion to the system that could be detected by the MISiC-FET sensors. The presence of water vapor was shown to have the largest effect on the sensors at low levels and the ammonia response was slightly decreased by a background level of NO/sub 2/.