Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Stress on Job Functioning of Military Men and Women

This study examined the relationships between domains of stress (work-related, familyrelated, finances-related, health-related), coping style, substance use, and symptoms of depression with level of job functioning among women and men in the U.S. armed forces. Multivariate cumulative logistic regression analyses were conducted with data from the 1995 Department of Defense Survey of Health Related Behaviors among Military Personnel. Results showed that both military men and women were nearly twice as likely to report higher levels of stress at work (39%) than in their family or personal lives (22%). In contrast, women (29%) were more likely than men (22%) to experience high levels of family stress. Additionally, 33% of women experienced high stress due to being a woman in the military. The effects of stress and depression on job functioning were quite similar for women and men. For both genders, higher levels of work-related stress, health-related stress, and number of depressive symptoms increased the odds of a lower level of job functioning. In addition, for men only, higher levels of family-related stress, use of a negative coping style, illicit drug use, and being a heavy drinker increased the likelihood of lower job functioning. Findings suggest that it may be useful for military health providers to focus on interventions to identify, prevent, and provide care for stress-related problems and depressive symptoms for military personnel.
Epidemiology of bone fracture across the age span in blacks and whites.

BACKGROUND Gender and racial disparities in injury mortality have been well established, but less is known regarding differences in fracture-related hospitalizations across the age span. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of annual incident fracture hospital admissions used statewide acute care hospital discharge data (Statewide Program and Research Cooperative System) for non-Hispanic White (n = 138,763) and non-Hispanic Black (n = 19,588) residents of New York State between 2000 and 2002. US census data with intercensal estimates were used to ascertain the population at risk. Gender- and race-specific incident fracture was calculated in 5-year age intervals. The χ test was used to analyze categorical variables. RESULTS Mechanisms of injury vary by race and gender in their relative contribution to injury-related fractures across the age span. Black males exhibited higher fracture incidence until approximately age 62, while incidence in women diverged around age 45. Total motor vehicle traffic-related fracture hospitalization is bimodal in Whites but not in Blacks. Over the life span, all groups exhibited bimodal pedestrian fractures with pedestrian fractures accounting for 8.8% and 2.5% of all fractures in Blacks and Whites, respectively. Racial disparities were present from preschool through age 70. Violence-related fractures were 10 times higher in Blacks, accounting for 18.2% of hospitalizations. Black males exhibit higher fracture incidence due to violence by age 5 and higher gun violence by age 10; both remain elevated through age 75. CONCLUSIONS Despite historical studies demonstrating higher bone density in Blacks, this study found racial disparities with increased fracture risk in both Black children and adults across most nonfall-related injury mechanisms examined.
Chronic Alcohol Exposure Induced Neuroapoptosis: Diminishing Effect of Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Aralia elata

An ethyl acetate fraction from Aralia elata (AEEF) was investigated to confirm its neuronal cell protective effect on ethanol-induced cytotoxicity in MC-IXC cells and its ameliorating effect on neurodegeneration in chronic alcohol-induced mice. The neuroprotective effect was examined by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) assays. As a result, AEEF reduced alcohol-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. To evaluate the improvement of learning, memory ability, and spatial cognition, Y-maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze tests were conducted. The AEEF groups showed an alleviation of the decrease in cognitive function in alcohol-treated mice. Then, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) content were measured to evaluate the antioxidant effect of AEEF in the brain tissue. Treatment with AEEF showed a considerable ameliorating effect on biomarkers such as SOD and MDA content in alcohol-induced mice. To assess the cerebral cholinergic system involved in neuronal signaling, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and acetylcholine (ACh) content were measured. The AEEF groups showed increased ACh levels and decreased AChE activities. In addition, AEEF prevented alcohol-induced neuronal apoptosis via improvement of mitochondrial activity, including reactive oxygen species levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, and adenosine triphosphate content. AEEF inhibited apoptotic signals by regulating phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinases (p-JNK), phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt), Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX), and phosphorylated Tau (p-Tau). Finally, the bioactive compounds of AEEF were identified as caffeoylquinic acid (CQA), 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,5-diCQA), and chikusetsusaponin IVa using the UPLC-Q-TOF-MS system.
Inhibition of haem-iron absorption in man by calcium

The inhibiting effect of Ca on non-haem-Fe absorption is well established. Presentstudies showed that Ca inhibited haem-Fe absorption to the same extent when the same amount of Ca (165 mg Ca as CaCl2) was added to a meal. Attempts were made to examine the mechanism for this inhibition in the present studies. Meat is the only known dietary factor influencing haem-Fe absorption. The present studies were designed to examine whether Ca interfered with the enhancing effect of meat on haem-Fe absorption. We found that the inhibition was the same whether biosynthetically radio-Fe-labelled haemoglobin wasgiven in meals with or without meat. The haem-Fe absorption ratio with: without added Cawas 0.59 (SE 0.07) when Ca was added to a hamburger meal, and 0.052 (se 0.03) when added to a wheat roll. These values were not significantly different (t 0.95; P = 0.35). The inhibition of haem-Fe absorption by Ca is, thus, a direct effect on theabsorption of haem-Fe and not an indirect counteracting effect of the well-known enhancing effect of meat on haem-Fe absorption. Control studies were conducted to ensure that haem-Fe had not been degraded to non-haem-Fe during preparation of the foods. Since Ca inhibits the absorption of haem- and non-haem-Fe to the same extent, the present results strongly suggest that Ca interferes with the transport of Fe through the mucosal cell, andata late stage, is common for haemand non-haem-Fe transport. The observations that Ca strongly interferes with the absorption of both haem- and non-haem-Fe have important nutritionalimplications.
A Novel Representation and Pipeline for Object Detection

Object detection is an important problem in Computer Vision research. Neural network based models have not reached performance as high as they have reached in object classiﬁcation which is an intimately related task. These methods usually consider the background as another class for an object classiﬁer which doesn’t exploit the different nature of background as compared to objects. We propose a novel training criterion which tackles background separately. At the same time, we examine how Learning without Forgetting and ﬁnetuning perform in transferring from the classiﬁcation to the detection task. We train on the canonical PASCAL VOC dataset. We provide results for a small network trained from scratch and results for a larger network pre-trained on ImageNet followed by ﬁnetuning with and without Learning without forgetting for object detection.
UNICA: variedad Peruana para mercado fresco y papa frita con tolerancia y resistencia para condiciones climáticas adversas

Las nuevas variedades de papa que se ofrecen a los agricultores deben tener ventajas intrinsecas, las mismas que deben ser superiores a las variedades existentes de uso tradicional. Esta variedad fue desarrollada por la Division de Mejoramiento y Utilizacion de Recursos Geneticos del Centro Internacional de la Papa (CIP), con la colaboracion de sus diferentes socios nacionales, entre los que destacan la Universidad Nacional San Luis Gonzaga de Ica, Peru. La reciente inscripcion de la variedad UNICA en el Registro Nacional de Variedades Comerciales en el Servicio Nacional de Sanidad Agraria (SENASA), Peru; pone a disposicion de los agricultores material genetico, a partir de los sistemas formales de produccion de semillas. Entre sus principales atributos resaltan la resistencia a virus (PVY), su tolerancia al calor, su moderada resistencia al nematodo del nudo (Meloidogyne ssp.), su precocidad, su estabilidad de rendimiento en varias epocas de siembra y su leve tolerancia a sales. En los ultimos anos a presentado un incremento de la oferta en los mercados de papa fresca y un posicionamiento en los mismos, debido a un mayor nivel de adopcion entre los agricultores peruanos.
Ectopic Gene Expression and Organogenesis in Arabidopsis Mutants Missing BRU1 Required for Genome Maintenance

Chromatin reconstitution after DNA replication and repair is essential for the inheritance of epigenetic information, but mechanisms underlying such a process are still poorly understood. Previously, we proposed that Arabidopsis BRU1 functions to ensure the chromatin reconstitution. Loss-of-function mutants of BRU1 are hypersensitive to genotoxic stresses and cause release of transcriptional gene silencing of heterochromatic genes. In this study, we show that BRU1 also plays roles in gene regulation in euchromatic regions. bru1 mutations caused sporadic ectopic expression of genes, including those that encode master regulators of developmental programs such as stem cell maintenance and embryogenesis. bru1 mutants exhibited adventitious organogenesis, probably due to the misexpression of such developmental regulators. The key regulatory genes misregulated in bru1 alleles were often targets of PcG SET-domain proteins, although the overlap between the bru1-misregulated and PcG SET-domain-regulated genes was limited at a genome-wide level. Surprisingly, a considerable fraction of the genes activated in bru1 were located in several subchromosomal regions ranging from 174 to 944 kb in size. Our results suggest that BRU1 has a function related to the stability of subchromosomal gene regulation in the euchromatic regions, in addition to the maintenance of chromatin states coupled with heritable epigenetic marks.
Drug treatment modalities in patients with chronic osteoarthritis of the hip or knee.

OBJECTIVE A survey was conducted to determine drug treatments taken by patients with chronic osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip or knee. METHODS Data was collected at outpatient clinics at the Royal London and Newham University Hospitals, Bancroft Road, London between November 2001 and February 2003. RESULTS Two hundred patients (mean age of 65.8 years, mean OA duration of 4.4 years) completed the survey; 175 with OA of knee and 25 with OA of hip. The majority of patients (64%) required a combination of drug treatments, either prescribed or self-medicated, to manage their disease. Of the total patients, 76% were taking paracetamol, 40% were taking an NSAID and 39% were taking complementary therapy (such as cod liver oil or glucosamine) either as monotherapy or in combination with other drugs. Of this patients 39% who previously used an NSAID had discontinued, primarily due to side effects, especially those of the gastrointestinal tract. CONCLUSION The survey results demonstrate that there is a need to individualize treatment for each patient, which is consistent with published recommendations for the management of OA.
Optimized Monopole and Dipole Antennas for UWB Asset Tag Location Systems

Miniaturized monopole and dipole antenna designs are reported with performances optimized for ultrawideband pulsed radio applications. The geometries are created using Bézier spline shapes, which have been refined with a genetic algorithm to simultaneously take account of both frequency- and time-domain criteria. Time-domain measurements of ultra wideband antennas with uniformly distributed energy across the full 3.1-10.6 GHz mask are reported for the first time and validate a new approach to minimization of pulse dispersion effects in the antenna designs.
An Appraisal of Tolerance in Liver Transplantation

Human liver allografts have a lower susceptibility to rejection than other organs. In addition, in some liver transplant recipients immunosuppressive drugs can be completely withdrawn, and these patients are considered as ‘operationally’ tolerant. Careful scrutiny of accumulated clinical experience indicates that elective immunosuppressive drug weaning is feasible in almost 20% of selected liver transplant recipients. This is associated with an incidence of 12% to 76% of acute cellular rejection, but these episodes are commonly mild and often resolve by return to baseline immunosuppression (IS), many times without the need to administer steroid boluses. Study of tolerance in liver transplantation (LT) has been hampered by confusion regarding the definitions of rejection and tolerance, and by the absence of prospective studies correlating results of immune monitoring assays and clinical outcome. Thus, we lack a clinically validated treatment‐stopping rule capable of predicting the success of IS withdrawal and this procedure has to be performed on a ‘trial and error’ basis. The search for an accurate means to identify allograft tolerance among immunosuppressed recipients should become a priority in LT research. This information would provide a biological basis for guiding IS withdrawal protocols and for the implementation of tolerance‐promoting strategies in LT.
Combining physiological data and subjective measurements to investigate cognitive load during complex learning

Cognitive load theory is one of the most influential theoretical explanations of cognitive processing during learning. Despite its success, attempts to assess cognitive load during learning have proven difficult. Therefore, in the current study, students’ self-reported cognitive load after the problem- solving process has been combined with measures of physiological data, namely, electrodermal activity (EDA) and skin temperature (ST) during the problem-solving process. Data was collected from 15 students during a high and low complex task about learning and teaching geometry. This study first investigated the differences between subjective and physiological data during the problem- solving process of a high and low complex task. Additionally, correlations between subjective and physiological data were examined. Finally, learning behavior that is retrieved from log-data, was related with EDA. Results reveal that the manipulation of task complexity was not reflected by physiological data. Nevertheless, when investigating individual differences, EDA seems to be related to mental effort.
Clinical Characteristics and Genetic Variations in Early-Onset Atopic Dermatitis Patients

Background Hereditary factors contribute to atopic dermatitis (AD) development. We developed the reverse blot hybridization assay (REBA) kit to simultaneously detect variations in skin barrier- and immune response-related genes prevalent in Korean AD patients. Objective To identify genetic variations and clinical characteristics that could predict early AD development. Methods We compared AD-related genetic variations between early-onset AD subjects and non-AD controls, and clinical characteristics and genetic variations between early- and late-onset AD subjects. We compared 28 early-onset AD subjects and 57 non-AD controls from a birth cohort and 108 early- (age ≤3 years) and 90 late-onset AD subjects and 189 non-AD controls from a university hospital. Genetic variations were detected via REBA. Results There were no differences in AD-related genetic variation between early-onset AD subjects and non-AD controls in the birth cohort. When the birth cohort and hospital populations were combined, early-onset AD subjects and non-AD controls showed different frequencies of genetic variations of KLK7, SPINK5 1156, DEFB1, IL5RA, IL12RB1a, and IL12RB1b. No differences in the frequency of genetic variations were observed between early- and late-onset AD subjects. Immunoglobulin E positivity for house dust mites was prevalent in late-onset AD subjects. A family history of atopic diseases was associated with early-onset AD. Conclusion No AD-related genetic variations could predict early AD development in Koreans, even though neonates with a family history of atopic diseases are likely to develop AD at ≤3 years of age. Environmental exposure may be more important than genetic variation in determining the onset age of AD.
Reversion of B Cell Commitment upon Loss of Pax5 Expression

The transcription factor Pax5 is essential for initiating B cell lineage commitment, but its role in maintaining commitment is unknown. Using conditional Pax5 inactivation in committed pro-B cells, we demonstrate that Pax5 is required not only to initiate its B lymphoid transcription program, but also to maintain it in early B cell development. As a consequence of Pax5 inactivation, previously committed pro-B cells regained the capacity to differentiate into macrophages in vitro and to reconstitute T cell development in vivo in RAG2 −/− mice. Hence, Pax5 expression is continuously required to maintain B cell lineage commitment, because its loss converts committed pro-B cells into hematopoietic progenitors with multilineage potential.
CIRCADIAN MODULATION OF CRUSTACEAN HYPERGLYCEMIC HORMONE IN CRAYFISH EYESTALK AND RETINA

Previous studies suggested the retina could be a putative locus of daily crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) secretion, as it possesses its own metabolic machinery and is independent of the well-known CHH eyestalk locus responsible for the circadian secretion of this peptide. However, it has been proposed that hemolymph glucose and lactate concentrations play a dual role in the regulation of CHH in crayfish. To elucidate the temporal relationship between these two different CHH production loci and to examine their relationship with glucose regulation, we investigated the expression of CHH daily and circadian rhythms in the eyestalk and retina of crayfish using biochemical methods and time series analysis. We wanted to determine whether (1) putative retina and eyestalk CHH rhythmic expressions are correlated and if the oscillations of the two metabolic products of lactate and glucose in the blood due to CHH action on the target tissue correlate, and (2) retina CHH (RCHH) and the possible retinal substrate glycogen and its product glucose are temporally correlated. We found a negative correlation between daily and circadian changes of relative CHH abundance in the retina and eyestalk. This correlation and the cross-correlation values found between eyestalk CHH and hemolymph and glucose confirm that CHH produced by the X-organ sinus gland complex is under the previously proposed dual feedback control system over the 24 h time period. However, the presence of both glycogen and glucose in the retina, the cross-correlation values found between these parameters and hemolymph lactate and glucose, as well as RCHH and hemolymph and retina metabolic markers suggest RCHH is not under the same temporal metabolic control as eyestalk CHH. Nonetheless, their expression may be linked to common rhythms-generating processes. (Author correspondence: mlfm@hp.fciencias.unam.mx; mfajul@gmail.com)
Multigrid Schemes for Time-Dependent Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations

Abstract The instationary incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are discretized with a finite volume method in curvilinear coordinates on a staggered grid. Several multigrid schemes to solve time-dependent equations are presented, investigated and compared: the time marching scheme, a parabolic multigrid scheme, and a multigrid waveform relaxation scheme. All methods will be based on the same robust smoother, a coupled smoothing method. Furthermore the behaviour of the BDF(2)- time discretization scheme is investigated. Some test problems are investigated, not only rectangular ones.
Performance comparison among the autonomous navigation methods for constellation around the earth-moon libration points via the Fisher information matrix

The Fisher information matrix is applied to evaluate the performance of three different navigation methods for the constellation around the libration points. Where the X-ray pulsar relative navigation is the main method, and the starlight Doppler relative navigation and the intersatellite links are integrated with it respectively. Their measurement quantities are respectively the time difference of arrival (TDOA), the starlight Doppler shift and the pseudo-range. Results show that only the accuracy of starlight Doppler shift reach the magnitude of 0.01m/s, can the addition of the starlight Doppler relative navigation effectively improve the performance of the X-ray pulsar relative navigation. In addition, the X-ray pulsar relative navigation / intersatellite-integrated navigation method has the highest navigation precision and fastest convergence rate.
Landiolol Enhances Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning in Isolated Rabbit Hearts

The effect of the ultra-short-acting beta blocker, landiolol, on ischemic preconditioning was examined in isolated rabbit hearts. Ischemic preconditioned hearts received 2 episodes of 5 min each of global ischemia and reperfusion. The left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 1 hour and reperfused for 1 hour. Left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic pressures and infarct size were measured. Seven control hearts had no drug infused. Four groups of 6 hearts each were pretreated with 1 or 3 μM of landiolol or a combination of 1 or 3 μM landiolol and ischemic preconditioning. A further group of 6 hearts had ischemic preconditioning without landiolol. Ischemic preconditioning significantly reduced left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and infarct size compared to the controls. Landiolol alone did not change left ventricular end-diastolic pressure or infarct size, but landiolol 3 μM and ischemic preconditioning decreased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure more than preconditioning alone. These data suggest that pre-ischemic landiolol infusion may enhance the cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning.