Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Mid-infrared high repetition mode-locked laser based on cross-band all-optical injection modulation

High speed pulse generation with adjustable output characteristics in the mid-infrared (MIR) wavelength is a challenge due to the lack of high speed optoelectronic modulator operating at this band. In this paper, we proposed a MIR actively mode-locked laser based on cross-band all-optical injection modulation. The proposed laser is modulated by injecting 1.55-μm pump pulses into the specially-designed cross-band group-velocity-matched fiber. By numerical simulation, we studied in detail the evolution mechanism of the pulses and the influence of the cavity parameters on the output pulse features. It is shown that the laser is suitable for high repetition rate pulse generation up to 40 GHz at 2.771 μm, and the pulse shape can be flexibly adjusted. The proposed MIR laser has great potential in MIR free-space optical (FSO) communication.
An Attachment aware schools programme: a safe space, a nurturing learning community

ABSTRACT There is a growing expectation that schools have a good understanding of attachment theory and its implications in practice, in order to meet the needs of Looked After Children, and other vulnerable learners. Derbyshire County Council’s Attachment Aware Schools programme, now in its fifth year, is meeting this need by providing a substantial school development programme which has led to innovative and sustainable ways of developing school practice. This programme has involved a comprehensive range of bespoke long-term development work with 77 schools to date, through a dynamic interaction of training, action research and reflective practice to promote safe, nurturing and effective learning environments. The programme, underpinned by attachment theory, has led to schools throughout the county becoming communities of inquiry and hubs of excellence, through a process of practice-as-research, where the cyclical nature of action research enhances the complementary relationship of theory and practice. Evaluation of the programme has shown that all participating schools have effected ethos change, and developed better informed pedagogical practice, to support Looked After Children, and other vulnerable learners. This article explores how building attachment awareness in schools, with a focus on relationship-building and a better understanding of teacher–pupil interaction, can contribute meaningfully to whole school development.
Strengthening Primary Health﻿-C﻿are Services to Help Prevent and Control Long-Term (Chronic) Non-Communicable Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Abstract The prevalence of long-term (chronic) non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is increasing globally due to an ageing global population, urbanization, changes in lifestyles, and inequitable access to healthcare. Although previously more common in high- and upper-middle-income countries, lower-middle-income countries (LMICs) are more affected, with NCDs in LMICs currently accounting for 85–90% of premature deaths among 30–69 years old. NCDs have both high morbidity and mortality and high treatment costs, not only for the diseases themselves but also for their complications. Primary ﻿health ﻿care (PHC) services are a vital component in the prevention and control of long-term NCDs, particularly in LMICs, where the health infrastructure and hospital services may be under strain. Drawing from published studies, this review analyses how PHC services can be utilized and strengthened to help prevent and control long-term NCDs in LMICs. The review finds that a PHC service approach, which deals with health in a comprehensive way, including the promotion, prevention, and control of diseases, can be useful in both high and low resource settings. Further, a PHC based approach also provides opportunities for communities to better access appropriate healthcare, which ensures more significant equity, efficiency, effectiveness, safety, and timeliness, empowers service users, and helps healthcare providers to achieve better health outcomes at lower costs.
Fluxo de seiva e condutância estomática de duas espécies lenhosas sempre-verdes no campo sujo e cerradão

The climate in the central Brazilians savannas ("cerrados") is characterized by well-defined dry (May to September) and wet (October to April) seasons. Like other tropical savannas, a landscape mosaic forms the Brazilian savannas where the predominance and size of woody elements varies the most. The present study compared the daily course of sap flow, stomatal conductance and leaf water potential (Y) of two evergreen species, Rapanea guianensis and Roupala montana. The measurements were taken at the end of the dry season when the effects of water deficits are more intense. These measurements were taken in an open savanna area with a predominant grass layer with superficial root system ("campo sujo") and in a woodland savanna ("cerradao"), where the increase in density of deep-rooted trees result in a larger exploitation of soil water resources in the dry season. Maximum values of Ydid not differ between the two species or the two vegetation types. R. guianensis minimum values of Y were significantly lower (P 0.05) between the "campo sujo" and the "cerradao" savannas. Maximum values of sap flow were between 0.13 and 0.22 l. h-1 for R. guianensis and 0.15 and 0.54 l. l. h-1 for R. montana. In both vegetation types the two species showed a strong stomatal control of transpiration. Sap flow typically increased sharply in the morning, briefly attained a maximum value by about 08.00-10.00h then decreased sharply despite steadily increasing solar radiation and atmospheric evaporative demand.
Nutrient Removal Potential of Selected Aquatic Macrophytes

Comparaison de l'elimination des nutriments par: Eichtornia crassipes, Pistia stratiote, Hydrocotyle umbellata, Lemna minor, Spirodela polyrhiza, Arolla carolinia, Salvinia rotundifolia et Egerice densa
Effect of sodium chloride on leaf succulence and area of Atriplex hastata L.

The effect of NaCl in water cultures on morphology and histology are studied with A. hastata, a semisucculent halophyte with a mesomorphic leaf structure. NaCl is shown to extend the ontogeny of the living leaf, and to produce an accelerated rate of leaf thickening, which has its main emphasis in the extended ontogenetic period. The most rapid thickening rate occurred when a high salt concentration (0.6 m) was applied to only part of the root system, so as not to impede a rapid general growth rate in the plant. Maximum leaf areas occurred in 0.1m NaCl cultures, minimum areas in 0.6 m. Epidermal cell areas in a 0. m treatment were double those of the treatment devoid of NaCl and those in the 0.6 m treatment. Numbers of epidermal cells per leaf decreased progressively with increasing concentrations of NaCl. The salt-induced thickening rate is looked upon as a process superimposed on a rather similar light and moisture-sensitive process. Differences in timing between salt effects on leaf area and succulence are explained by differential vacuolation of epidermis and palisade tissue. The high-salt cultures (0.4–0.6 m, which greatly reduced growth, apparently did not reduce turgor pressures necessary for succulence. It is considered that the data required to explain differences noted in epidermal cell size are relationships between their rates of expansion and the rates of maturation of structural limiting factors.
Synopsis of the Medusae of the World

This work was started many years ago in the form of a card-index for my own use. At the beginning the building up of the index involved a great deal of work, but later on it saved me time for my studies, and it was not difficult to keep it up to date. One day my friends, Dr F. S. Russell, director of the Marine Biological Laboratory, Plymouth, and Dr W. J. Rees, British Museum (Nat. Hist.), London, saw this index, and they repeatedly urged me to put it into a form suitable for publication for the benefit of other students of medusae. I agreed, though hesitatingly, because my time was much occupied. A grant from the Browne Research Fund of the Royal Society of London, however, enabled me to employ an assistant, Mr J. Liitzen, who under my supervision could carry out the necessary revision and the typing, as well as some translation from Danish or other languages into English; he has done it remarkably well, and I wish to thank him for his industrious and painstaking collaboration.
Plant blindness: a faddish research interest or a substantive impediment to achieve sustainable development goals?

Abstract Plant blindness is an important phenomenon with a growing body of literature. According to researchers, the educational system is listed both among the causes and solutions to this issue. Therefore, previous work regarding this matter has mainly focused on the educational context. While sustainable development is a top priority for every modern society, it has not yet been established whether plant blindness can be a substantive impediment towards this direction. This paper is an attempt to examine any significant relation between this phenomenon and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), as these are determined by the United Nations. Through an in-depth, narrative literature review, we show that plant blindness should not be examined lightly as just a differentiation in preference regarding plants and animals. Ignoring flora can be an opposing factor to environmental balance and directly hinder the achievement of the vast majority of SDGs. In that context, the restriction of plant blindness becomes a vital issue for the scientific community and the policy makers. Moreover, sustainable education steps in as the main social process for changing perceptions and dealing with this kind of challenges, but through a modern perspective of place-based education, collective consciousness and vital coalitions of stakeholders.
To what are woodland birds responding? Inference on relative importance of in-site habitat variables using several ensemble habitat modelling techniques

We sought to identify those in-site habitat characteristics that best predict distributions of woodland birds in the box–ironbark region of central Victoria, Australia. Our focus was on comparing and melding outcomes from several forms of ensemble modelling methods, which account for uncertainty in model structure and allow assessments of variable importance. We used boosted regression trees (BRT), Bayesian additive regression trees (BART) and random forests (RF) to model bird occurrences for 47 species using 43 predictor variables measured at 184 2-ha sites. The majority of predictor variables were in-site habitat variables, but vegetation cover in the surrounding landscape (500 m radius) and geographic coordinates were included to account for known effects of habitat fragmentation and of geographic clines. A consensus model also was developed, built from averaged predictions from the three techniques. We subdivided the avifauna into guilds and other categories (e.g. conservation status) to examine whether there were differences among such subdivisions. Based on cross validation, the consensus model and RF performed best, followed by BART and then BRT. Of the in-site habitat variables, the basal area of red-ironbark trees and groundstorey characteristics such as fine- and coarse-litter cover and litter depth had greatest influence on bird occurrences. These results can inform on-site restoration actions (what to restore) and, therefore, complement strategic landscape planning (where and when to restore).
r-UNet: Leaf Position Reconstruction in Upstream Radiotherapy Verification

Monolithic active pixel sensor (MAPS) devices are an effective tool for upstream verification of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) treatments. It is crucial to measure with high precision the positions of the multi-leaf collimators (MLCs) used to shape the beam in real time, in order to enhance the quality and safety of treatments. This article describes r-UNet, a deep learning-based solution for leaf position reconstruction. The model is used to analyze the high-resolution images produced by a Lassena MAPS device in order to automatically determine the leaf positions. Image segmentation and leaf position estimation are performed simultaneously in a multitask setting. r-UNet obtained an average Dice coefficient of 0.96 ± 0.03 for the reconstructed image masks in the held-out test set; whilst the mean squared error (MSE) resulting from the estimation of the MLC positions is 0.003 mm, with a resolution ranging between 45 and 53 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for leaf extensions between 1 and 35 mm. On unseen leaf positions, r-UNet yielded a single-leaf resolution between 54 and 88 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> depending on the leaf extension, and an average MSE of 0.07 mm. These results were obtained using single frames of data collected at 34 frames/s.
Combined effect of high stress and job dissatisfaction on long-term sickness absence: a 1-year prospective study of Japanese employees

Objectives: We prospectively examined the combined effect of high stress (i.e., being under great work-related stress), as defined in the Japanese Stress Check Program manual using the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ), and job dissatisfaction on long-term sickness absence lasting 1 month or more. Methods: Participants were 7,343 male and 7,344 female financial service company employees who completed the BJSQ. We obtained personnel records covering a 1-year period to identify employees with long-term sickness absence, which was treated as a dichotomous variable. Participants were classified into four groups (high-stress+dissatisfied, high-stress+satisfied, not high-stress+dissatisfied, and not high-stress+satisfied groups) to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) of long-term sickness absence for these groups using Cox’s proportional hazard regression analysis. Furthermore, to examine whether the combined effect of high stress and job dissatisfaction is synergistic or additive, we calculated relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion due to interaction (AP), synergy index (SI), and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: After adjustment for covariates, the HR of long-term sickness absence was highest among the high-stress+dissatisfied group (HR 6.49; 95% CI, 3.42–12.3) followed by the high-stress+satisfied group (HR 5.01; 95% CI, 1.91–13.1). The combined effect of high stress and job dissatisfaction was additive (95% CIs of RERI and AP included 0 and that of SI included 1). Conclusions: Our findings suggest incorporating high stress with job dissatisfaction improves the predictability of long-term sickness absence. How-ever, employees reporting high stress but satisfaction with their jobs may still at increased risk of developing long-term sickness absence.
Nomenclatural notes on Persicaria

The following names are lectotypified: Polygonum amphibium, P. foliosum, P. hydropiper, P. lapathifolium ssp. leptocladum, P. pallidum and P. persicaria, Polygonum persicaria var. incana is neotypified. Polygonum ruderale is a superfluous nomenclatural synonym of P. persicaria. The following new combinations are made: Persicaria lapathifolia ssp. pallida, P. lapathifolia var. incana and P. lapathifolia var. linicola. The nomenclature of H. B. Danser's early works is discussed. Flora Nordica Notes no. 8.
Highly sensitive, reliable and flexible piezoresistive pressure sensors based on graphene-PDMS @ sponge

In the research of flexible pressure sensors supported by three-dimensional skeleton structure, the combination of nanomaterials and skeleton structure is a difficult problem to be further solved. Herein, a piezoresistive sensor based on the graphene-PDMS @ sponge is prepared by fixing graphene on a sponge skeleton using PDMS. The as-prepared piezoresistive sensor exhibits high elasticity (strain up to 85%), high sensitivity (0.075 K Pa−1), a wide responding range (0–50 KPa) and high stability (2000 cycles pressure test). The piezoresistive sensor is used to detect blood pressure, heartbeat and human movements including finger bending, elbow movement and knee squatting, which shows good consistency and stability of the as-prepared sensor through the synergy of sponge, PDMS and graphene. The graphene-PDMS @ sponge sensor shows potential applications in medical testing and electronic skin.
Physiological and visual refuges in a metalimnion: an experimental study of effects of clay turbidity and an oxygen minimum on fish predation

Summary 1. The effectivity of elevated clay turbidity and low-oxygen concentration in the metalimnion as refuges for chaoborid larvae against fish predation was studied in experimental water columns. 2. When 70–80 nephelometric turbidity unit clay turbidity was combined with 3–4 mg L−1 oxygen concentration, prey capture rate by fish (golden orfe Leuciscus idus) was reduced by 74% compared with the control treatment with no refuges. Oxygen and turbidity refuges alone did not significantly reduce the feeding rate. 3. All fish in the control treatment dwelled in the metalimnion, but 36% of the fish in the low-oxygen treatment and 23% of the fish in the turbidity treatment stayed in the epilimnion. In the combined treatment, 54% of the fish were in the epilimnion. 4. The results demonstrated that a combination of moderately elevated turbidity and lowered oxygen concentration in the metalimnion is an effective protection against fish predation, while turbidity or oxygen refuge alone are much less effective. 5. In the treatment with the combined refuge, oxygen concentration limited the time fish could spend in the metalimnion and turbidity affected the detection of prey through changes in reactive distance. 6. Because of the combined effects of turbidity and oxygen refuges, planktivorous fish and phantom midge larvae may co-occur in clay-turbid lakes in high densities. Such situation is problematic for biomanipulation, which aims to enhance the grazing rate of zooplankton through reduction of planktivorous fish.
Gender Differences in Personality Traits in Relation to Academic Performance

The study attempted to explore the impact of personality traits on academic performance with regards to gender differences. A primary study was conducted on a sample size of 666 students (453 males and 213 females). Using Mann-Whitney analysis, it was found that different personality traits impact the academic performance of students for both boys and girls. Extraversion, Conscientiousness Agreeableness and Emotional Stability were found to influence the academic performance of male students. On the other hand, Openness influenced the academic performance of female students. Conscientiousness was the only trait to influence the academic performance of both male as well as female students.
Improving Legume Persistence in Forage Crop Systems

Forage legumes benefit pastures and hay crops by fixing N, improving seasonal distribution of growth, and enhancing animal performance, but their lack of persistence is viewed as a major limitation. Stand persistence depends largely on plant persistence in crown-forming perennials that do not spread by stolons or rhizomes, but depends on seed production, timely germination, and seedling survival in annuals, biennals, and many short-lived perennials. Stolon- and rhizome-forming perennials can colonize unoccupied areas if management is favorable. Conversely, differentials in seed production, seed dispersal mechanisms, and seed survival allow reseeding annuals, biennials, and short-lived perennials to colonize areas that are more widely dispersed [. ]
Host Genotype Choice by the Ball Gallmaker Eurosta Solidaginis (Diptera: Tephritidae)

We examined Eurosta solidaginis host choice among 38 naturally occurring clones of tall goldenrod, Solidago altissima. Significant variation was found in the per- centages of (1) ramets ovipunctured, (2) punctured ramets with eggs, (3) ramets galled, and (4) punctured ramets that formed galls. These findings indicate that all genotypes of S. altissima are not equally suitable (capable of supporting larval development) and/or ac- ceptable (having the proper cues to stimulate oviposition). The two most resistant and two of the most susceptible of 38 clones were monitored for ovipuncturing the following season. A total of 244 apical buds on ramets were dissected at intervals of 1, 2, and 3 wk after oviposition. Significantly more larval mortality occurred in the meristems of resistant clones than in the meristems of susceptible clones. Further, 73% of the dead Eurosta larvae were surrounded by necrotic plant tissue, apparently due to a hypersensitive response by the plant to the gallmaker's stimulus. Finally, a common garden experiment using replicates of 30 clones of known resistance showed that susceptible clones were growing faster at the time of oviposition.
Invading White-Tailed Deer Change Wolf-Caribou Dynamics in Northeastern Alberta

ABSTRACT Human-caused habitat change has been implicated in current woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) population declines across North America. Increased early seral habitat associated with industrial footprint can result in an increase in ungulate densities and subsequently those of their predator, wolves (Canis lupus). Higher wolf densities can result in increased encounters between wolves and caribou and consequently higher caribou mortality. We contrasted changes in moose (Alces alces) and deer (Odocoileus spp.) densities and assessed their effects on wolf-caribou dynamics in northeastern Alberta, Canada, pre (1994–1997) versus post (2005–2009) major industrial expansion in the region. Observable white-tailed deer (O. virginianus) increased 17.5-fold but moose remained unchanged. Wolf numbers also increased from approximately 6-11.5/1,000 km2 . Coincident with these changes, spatial overlap between wolf pack territories and caribou range was high relative to the mid-1990s. The high number of wolf locations in caribou range suggests that forays were not merely exploratory, but rather represented hunting forays and denning locations. Scat analysis indicated that wolf consumption of moose declined substantively during this time period, whereas use of deer increased markedly and deer replaced moose as the primary prey of wolves. Caribou increased 10-fold in the diet of wolves and caribou population trends in the region changed from stable to declining. Wolf use of beaver (Castor canadensis) increased since the mid-1990s. We suggest that recent declines in woodland caribou populations in the southerly extent of their range have occurred because high deer densities resulted in a numeric response by wolves and consequently higher incidental predation on caribou. Our results indicate that management actions to conserve caribou must now include deer in primary prey and wolf reduction programs.
Hey, my data are mine! Active data to empower the user

Privacy is increasingly getting importance in modern systems. As a matter of fact, personal data are out of the control of the original owner and remain in the hands of the software-systems producers. In this new ideas paper, we drastically change the nature of data from passive to active as a way to empower the user and preserve both the original ownership of the data and the privacy policies specified by the data owner. We demonstrate the idea of active data in the mobile domain.