Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
ILCOR advisory statement: resuscitation of the newly born infant. An advisory statement from the pediatric working group of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation.

The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) was formed in 1992 to provide a forum for liaison between the following principal resuscitation organizations in the developed world: the American Heart Association (AHA), European Resuscitation Council (ERC), Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada (HSFC), Australian Resuscitation Council (ARC), Resuscitation Council of Southern Africa (RCSA), and Council of Latin America for Resuscitation (CLAR). Since 1992, international consensus conferences and publications have addressed many important resuscitation issues, including uniform Utstein-style reporting for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, in-hospital cardiac arrest, pediatric arrest, and laboratory animal studies of cardiopulmonary arrest.1 2 3 4 Ten meetings of the ILCOR group and ILCOR working groups in advanced life support, basic life support, and pediatric life support culminated in concurrent multinational publication of consensus international advisory statements on resuscitation in 1997.5 The advisory statement on pediatric resuscitation6 highlighted areas of consensus, conflict, or controversy and provided recommendations in the areas of pediatric basic life support (BLS), pediatric advanced life support (ALS), and BLS for the newly born. The great potential for worldwide improvement in BLS resuscitation for the newly born was acknowledged, but discussion of ALS for the newly born was beyond the scope of the previous document. The ILCOR Pediatric Working Group, with the constituent councils named above, was joined by the Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) Steering Committee of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), New Zealand Resuscitation Council (NZRC), and World Health Organization (WHO) to extend advisory recommendations beyond BLS to ALS for the newly born. Careful review of current constituent organization guidelines7 8 9 10 11 12 13 and current international literature forms the basis for the present document. This advisory statement summarizes the current international consensus on ALS of the newly born, ie, within the first few hours following birth. ### Need for BLS and ALS Guidelines for the Newly Born Resuscitation …
Critical attributes of organizational culture that promote knowledge management technology implementation success

Many scholars and practitioners claim that a supportive organizational culture can enable the successful implementation of knowledge management (KM) technology initiatives. However, little empirical research has been conducted to define the key organizational culture attributes that support more effective application of KM technologies. In this study, the 44 cultural attributes of the organizational culture profile (OCP) and the knowledge management technology profile (KMTP) instruments were used to identify and rank the most critical organizational culture attributes that promote knowledge sharing and KM technology implementation success. Data were collected from 26 US organizations that were implementing KM. The results of the data analysis revealed sufficient evidence to establish a correlation between specific cultural attributes and the successful implementation of knowledge management technology and knowledge sharing.
The Place and Effects of Information Management in Corporate Identity

Corporate identity, which has several advantages such that the employees become integrated with their corporations, corporation is distinguished from its competitors and it is recognized by the masses, is the total of the distinctive corporate features that and corporation has. That the information takes part in production as a more important component than labor and capital has required that the corporations are reorganized as information-based. Therefore, information and its management have reached a basic and prevalent position in having sustainable competitive advantage. Thanks to the information management which regulates the information and makes it reachable and available, information will be produced in line with a specific purpose in the corporations and be used in all the corporate processes. As an auxiliary power for increase in the economic potential, efficiency and productivity of the corporation, corporate identity consists of four components. These are corporate philosophy, corporate design, corporate behavior and corporate communication. In this study, the effects of the information management on corporate identity are discussed from the point of these four elements. Keywords—Corporate identity, information management.
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) in Europe

Summary Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is often asymptomatic, misdiagnosed, and unrecognized at death, and there is a lack of routine postmortem examinations. These factors are thought to result in marked underestimates ofVTE incidence. The objective of our study was to estimate the total burden of VTE within the European Union (EU) per annum. An epidemiological model was constructed to estimate the number of community- and hospital-acquired incidents and recurrent cases (attack rate) of nonfatal VTE and VTE-related deaths, as well as incident and prevalent cases of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (PH) occurring in the EU per annum. Individual models were developed for six EU countries. The models were populated with data from published literature and, where necessary, expert opinions. The findings were tested using probabilistic sensitivity analyses. The esti mated total number of symptomaticVTE events (range based on probabilistic sensitivity analysis) per annum within the six EU countries was 465,715 (404,664–538,189) cases of deep-vein thrombosis, 295,982 (242,450–360,363) cases of pulmonary embolism (PE), and 370,012 (300,193–483,108) VTE-related deaths. Of these deaths, an estimated 27,473 (7%) were diagnosed as being antemortem; 126,145 (34%) were sudden fatal PE, and 217,394 (59%) followed undiagnosed PE. Almost threequarters of all VTE-related deaths were from hospital-acquired VTE.VTE is a major health problem in the EU, with over one million VTE events or deaths per annum in the six countries examined. Given the availability of effective VTE prophylaxis, many of these events and deaths could have been prevented. These results have important implications for the allocation of healthcare resources.
ADAM proteases, ErbB pathways and cancer

A disintegrin and metalloproteases (ADAMs) are zinc-dependent trans-membrane metalloproteases that shed the extracellular domains of membrane-bound growth factors, cytokines and receptors. Key functions of ADAMs have emerged in ErbB signalling pathways as being sheddases for multiple ErbB ligands. As the ErbB pathway is a validated target for anti-cancer drugs, the upstream activators of ErbB ligands, their sheddases, now enter the spotlight as new drug targets in the ErbB pathway. ADAMs are involved not only in tumour cell proliferation but also in angiogenesis and metastasis. Therefore, strategies targeting ADAMs might be an important complement to existing anti-ErbB approaches.
Co-Seismic Strike-Slip and Rupture Length Produced by the 2001 Ms 8.1 Central Kunlun Earthquake

Field investigations show that the surface wave magnitude (M s) 8.1 Central Kunlun earthquake (Tibetan plateau) of 14 November 2001 produced a nearly 400-kilometer-long surface rupture zone, with as much as 16.3 meters of left-lateral strike-slip along the active Kunlun fault in northern Tibet. The rupture length and maximum displacement are the largest among the co-seismic surface rupture zones reported on so far. The strike-slip motion and the large rupture length generated by the earthquake indicate that the Kunlun fault partitions its deformation into an eastward extrusion of Tibet to accommodate the continuing penetration of the Indian plate into the Eurasian plate.
Biochemical and Pathogenic Properties ofShewanella alga and Shewanella putrefaciens

ABSTRACT We characterized 49 strains of Shewanella spp. from clinical (n = 31) and nonhuman (n = 18) sources. Most Shewanella alga organisms (Gilardi biovar 2; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] biotype 2) originated from clinical material (92%), failed to produce acid from carbohydrates other than d-ribose, and were biochemically and enzymatically fairly homogeneous. In contrast, Shewanella putrefaciens organisms (Gilardi biovars 1 and 3; CDC biotype 1) were more often associated with nonhuman sources (70%), were able to utilize a number of sugars (sucrose, l-arabinose, and maltose), and were found to exhibit wider variations in biochemical characteristics; three biotypes within S. putrefaciens were detected. Notable differences between the two species in enzymatic activity, determined with the API-ZYM system (bioMérieux, Hazelwood, Mo.), and cellular fatty acid profiles, determined by the MIDI system (Microbial ID Inc., Newark, Del.), were also detected. Pathogenicity studies of mice indicate that S. alga appears to be the more virulent species, possibly due to the production of a hemolytic substance.
Phosphorylation of ligand‐gated ion channels: a possible mode of synaptic plasticity

Most neurotransmitter receptors examined to date have been shown either to be regulated by protein phosphorylation or to contain consensus sequences for phosphorylation by protein kinases. Neurotransmitter receptors that mediate rapid synaptic transmission in the nervous system are the ligand‐gated ion channels and include the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of muscle and nerve and the excitatory and inhibitory amino acid receptors: the glutamate, GABAA, and glycine receptors. These receptors are multimeric proteins composed of homologous subunits which each span the membrane several times and contain a large intracellular loop that is a mosaic of consensus sites for protein phosphorylation. Recent evidence has suggested that extracellular signals released from the presynaptic neuron, such as neurotransmitters and neuropeptides as well as an extracellular matrix protein, regulate the phosphorylation of ligand‐gated ion channels. The functional effects of phosphorylation are varied and include the regulation of receptor desensitization rate, subunit assembly, and receptor aggregation at the synapse. These results suggest that phosphorylation of neurotransmitter receptors represents a major mechanism in the regulation of their function and may play an important role in synaptic plasticity. —Swope, S. L. ; Moss, S. J.; Blackstone, C. D. ; Huganir, R. L. Phosphorylation of ligand‐gated ion channels: a possible mode of synaptic plasticity. FASEB J. 6: 2482‐2486; 1992.
Knowing the susceptibility profile of a P. aeruginosa isolate associated with an infection

4 Authors: Veronica N. Kos, Maxime Déraspe, Robert E. McLaughlin, James D. 5 Whiteaker, Paul H. Roy, Richard A. Alm, Jacques Corbeil and Humphrey Gardner 6 a Infection Innovative Medicines Unit, AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Waltham, 7 Massachusetts, 02451 USA 8 b Infectious Diseases Research Center, Laval University, 2705, boul. Laurier, Quebec, 9 Quebec, G1V 4G2 Canada 10 To whom correspondence should be addressed: 11
Opposing muscarinic and nicotinic modulation of hypoglossal motor output to genioglossus muscle in rats in vivo

The genioglossus (GG) muscle of the tongue, innervated by the hypoglossal motor nucleus (HMN), helps maintain an open airway for effective breathing. In vitro studies in neonatal rodents have separately characterized muscarinic and nicotinic receptor influences at the HMN but the net effects of combined nicotinic and muscarinic receptor activation and increased endogenous acetylcholine have not been determined in adult animals in vivo. Urethane‐anaesthetized, tracheotomized and vagotomised rats were studied. Microdialysis perfusion of acetylcholine into the HMN significantly decreased respiratory‐related GG activity (28.5 ± 11.0% at a threshold dose of 0.1 mm). Application of the cholinergic agonists carbachol and muscarine have similar suppression effects (GG activity was decreased 11.8 ± 4.3 and 20.5 ± 5.8%, respectively, at 0.01 μm). Eserine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, also decreased the amplitude of respiratory‐related GG activity (36.4 ± 11.3% at 1.0 μm) indicating that endogenous acetylcholine modulates GG activity. Although these results showed that suppression of GG activity predominates during cholinergic stimulation at the HMN, application of the nicotinic receptor agonist dimethyl‐4‐phenylpiperazinium iodide significantly increased tonic and respiratory‐related GG activity (156 ± 33% for respiratory activity at 1.0 mm) showing that excitatory responses are also present. Consistent with this, 100 μm carbachol decreased GG activity by 44.2 ± 7.5% of control, with atropine (10 μm) reducing this suppression to 13.8 ± 4.0% (P < 0.001). However, the nicotinic receptor antagonist dihydro‐β‐erythroidine (100 μm) increased the carbachol‐mediated suppression to 69.5 ± 5.9% (P= 0.011), consistent with a role for nicotinic receptors in limiting the overall suppression of GG activity during cholinergic stimulation. Application of eserine to increase endogenous acetylcholine also showed that inhibitory muscarinic and excitatory nicotinic receptors together determine the net level of GG activity during cholinergic stimulation at the HMN. The results suggest that acetylcholine has mixed effects at the HMN with muscarinic‐mediated GG suppression masking nicotinic excitation.
Lentivirus Tat proteins specifically associate with a cellular protein kinase, TAK, that hyperphosphorylates the carboxyl-terminal domain of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II: candidate for a Tat cofactor

Efficient replication of human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2) requires the virus transactivator proteins known as Tat. In order to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in Tat transactivation, it is essential to identify the cellular target(s) of the Tat activation domain. Using an in vitro kinase assay, we previously identified a cellular protein kinase activity, Tat-associated kinase (TAK), that specifically binds to the activation domains of Tat proteins. Here it is demonstrated that TAK fulfills the genetic criteria established for a Tat cofactor. TAK binds in vitro to the activation domains of the Tat proteins of HIV-1 and HIV-2 and the distantly related lentivirus equine infectious anemia virus but not to mutant Tat proteins that contain nonfunctional activation domains. In addition, it is shown that TAK is sensitive to dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole, a nucleoside analog that inhibits a limited number of kinases and is known to inhibit Tat transactivation in vivo and in vitro. We have further identified an in vitro substrate of TAK, the carboxyl-terminal domain of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II. Phosphorylation of the carboxyl-terminal domain has been proposed to trigger the transition from initiation to active elongation and also to influence later stages during elongation. Taken together, these results imply that TAK is a very promising candidate for a cellular factor that mediates Tat transactivation.
The Natural History of Resected Pancreatic Cancer without Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Diagnostic imaging, surgical care, and perioperative morbidity and mortality have significantly improved for patients undergoing resections for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. This study was undertaken to define the natural history and patterns of recurrence of resected pancreatic cancer without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapies using current standards of care. Sixty-one patients underwent pancreatectomy without neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy. Tumors were staged according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) classification system. CT scans were obtained every 3 months and recurrence categorized as: liver only, local, distant, multiple sites, or clinical. Median survival after pancreatectomy was 12 months. Cancer recurred in 51 (84%) patients. The radiographic site of initial recurrence did not generally impact survival; patients initially recurring at multiple sites had significantly abbreviated median survival of 5.6 months. AJCC stage was found to correlate with disease-free and overall survival, although tumor size alone did not. The presence of lymphatic metastasis correlated with disease-free but not overall survival. Overall survival after pancreaticoduodenectomy remains poor in the absence of neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy. AJCC stage is the best predictor of disease-free and overall survival; tumor size, lymph node status, and site of recurrence alone do not impact survival in a meaningful way.
Transmission spectra of one-dimensional bi-periodic photonic crystals

We investigate the transmittivity spectra of the electromagnetic waves for 1D bi-periodic dielectric photonic crystals of the structure [(AB)<sup>N</sup>C]<sup>M</sup>(AB)<sup>N</sup> created on basis of the oxide layers TiO<inf>2</inf>, SiO<inf>2</inf> and Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>. The spectra modifications with the change of the incidence angle of light, period numbers and the layers thicknesses are considered.
A visco-elastic model for the prediction of orthodontic tooth movement

This study presents a biomechanical model of orthodontic tooth movement. Although such models have already been presented in the literature, most of them incorporate computationally expensive finite elements (FE) methods to determine the strain distribution in the periodontal ligament (PDL). In contrast, the biomechanical model presented in this work avoids the use of FE methods. The elastic deformation of the PDL is modelled using an analytical approach, which does not require setting up a 3D model of the tooth. The duration of the lag phase is estimated using the calculated hydrostatic stresses, and bone remodelling is predicted by modelling the alveolar bone as a viscous material. To evaluate the model, some typically used motion patterns were simulated and a sensitivity analysis was carried out on the parameters. Results show that despite some shortcomings, the model is able to describe commonly used motion patterns in orthodontic tooth movement, in both single- and multi-rooted teeth.
Marriage and conjugal roles in Swaziland: persistence and change.

"This paper examines one set of relationships central to the Swazi household--marriage and conjugal roles--and how those relationships have changed over the last half century. Information has been analyzed on such topics as types of marriages contracted, the age at marriage, choice of spouse, attitudes towards and participation in polygyny, the nature of conjugal roles, and the question of divorce. This study has drawn upon a wide range of sources including (1) an analysis of civil records from the office of the District Commissioner in Manzini, Swaziland; (2) data collected previously by other social scientists; and (3) survey data gathered especially for this study. The study concludes that while changes have occurred, many traditional patterns of marriage and family continue to be important in contemporary Swazi society. "
Defense and Veterans Head Injury Program: Background and Overview

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the principal cause of death and disability for young Americans, with an estimated societal cost of over $39 billion per year. The Defense and Veterans Head Injury Program (DVHIP) represents a close collaboration among the Departments of Defense (DoD) and Veterans Affairs (DVA), the Brain Injury Association (BIA), and the International Brain Injury Association (IBIA). Its principal mission is to ensure that military and veteran patients with head injury receive TBI-specific evaluation, treatment, rehabilitation, and follow-up, while at the same time addressing the readiness mission of the military and helping to define optimal care for victims of TBI nationwide. Defense and Veterans Head Injury Program activities can be grouped into three broad classes: (1) TBI education, community service, and primary prevention projects; (2) combined TBI clinical treatment, rehabilitation, and clinical research projects; and (3) clinically linked TBI laboratory research projects. It is thus based on a prudent integration of clinical care and follow-up with programmatic clinical and clinically related laboratory research, TBI prevention, and education. This previously nonexistent clinical infrastructure now offers a valuable base for ongoing TBI clinical research.
Top-gated field effect devices using oxidized silicon nanowires

The Si nanowires (SiNWs) used in these studies were synthesized by vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth from Au catalyst particles using 10% SiH 4 in H2 as the silicon gas source, trimethylboron (TMB) as the p-type dopant, and phosphine (PH3) as the n-type dopant. The ratio of TMB or PH3 to SiH4 was varied from 0 to 10-2 to modulate the hole or electron carrier concentration in the SiNWs. Following growth, the Au catalyst particles were removed from the tips of the as-grown SiNWs, and the wires were cleaned using a modified RCA process prior to dry thermal oxidation at 700degC for 4 hours. Transmission electron microscopy studies show that the interface between the SiNW core and the -10 nm thick SiO2 shell is smooth and uniform. These SiNWs were integrated onto a top- and back-gated test structure by electrofludically aligning individual wires between pairs of large area electrodes. Source and drain (S/D) contacts were defined by first removing the oxide shell at the NW tips and then lifting off Ti(100nm)/Au(60nm) metal. Non-self-aligned 3 mum long top gates comprised of Ti(60nm)/Au(40nm) were then deposited on the SiO2 shell, which served as the top gate dielectric. The n++ Si substrate coated with 100 nm of LPCVD Si3N4 was used as a back gate in these structures
Serum electrolyte abnormalities associated with the administration of polymyxin B in febrile leukemic patients

One hundred and seven courses of treatment with polymyxin B sulfate were studied retrospectively in 57 adults with acute leukemia. There was severe hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hypokalemia, and azotemia in patients with normal blood values prior to initiation of therapy. Hypocalcemia was found in most patients in whom serum calcium was determined. Excretion of electrolytes in urine was excessive and suggested that the renal tubules were a site of toxic reaction. The toxicity of polymyxin B was related to the duration of therapy and total dose of antibiotic.
Effect of mitochondrial DNA variation on carcass traits of Japanese Black cattle.

Japanese Black fattening steers were used to examine relationships between carcass traits and mitochondria displacement loop (D-loop) variations. The D-loop region of Japanese Black cattle was sequenced and revealed 26 mitochondrial haplotypes defined by 25 polymorphic sites. The haplotypes were classified into five mitochondrial types (type 1 to 5) using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means. Carcass weight, longissimus muscle area (LMA), rib thickness, subcutaneous fat thickness, yield estimate, and beef marbling score (BMS) were compared among five mitochondrial types with BLUP procedures. Significant differences between mitochondria types were detected for LMA and BMS. Difference (P < . 05) was observed between mitochondrial types 2 and 4 for LMA. There was a highly significant difference (P < .01) in BMS between types 2 and 4. Difference (P < .05) was also found between types 1 and 4 on BMS. These results suggest that cytoplasmic genetic effects are important sources of variation for carcass traits in Japanese Black cattle.