Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
COLLIMATION AND ASYMMETRY OF THE HOT BLAST WAVE FROM THE RECURRENT NOVA V745 Sco

The recurrent symbiotic nova V745 Sco exploded on 2014 February 6 and was observed on February 22 and 23 by the Chandra X-ray Observatory Transmission Grating Spectrometers. By that time the supersoft source phase had already ended, and Chandra spectra are consistent with emission from a hot, shock-heated circumstellar medium with temperatures exceeding 107 K. X-ray line profiles are more sharply peaked than expected for a spherically symmetric blast wave, with a full width at zero intensity of approximately 2400 km s−1, an FWHM of 1200 ± 30 km s−1, and an average net blueshift of 165 ± 10 km s−1. The red wings of lines are increasingly absorbed toward longer wavelengths by material within the remnant. We conclude that the blast wave was sculpted by an aspherical circumstellar medium in which an equatorial density enhancement plays a role, as in earlier symbiotic nova explosions. Expansion of the dominant X-ray-emitting material is aligned close to the plane of the sky and is most consistent with an orbit seen close to face-on. Comparison of an analytical blast wave model with the X-ray spectra, Swift observations, and near-infrared line widths indicates that the explosion energy was approximately 1043 erg and confirms an ejected mass of approximately 10−7M⊙. The total mass lost is an order of magnitude lower than the accreted mass required to have initiated the explosion, indicating that the white dwarf is gaining mass and is a Type Ia supernova progenitor candidate.
Influence of Recruitment, Selection, Retention and Motivation on Performance of Manufacturing Companies- A Critical Review of the Literature

Manufacturing Companies need talented and motivated people to survive and to maintain their competitive advantage. Despite the financial and economic crisis, the war of searching for talent, competent and best employee is still among the manufacturing companies. The purpose of this paper is to critically review and examine the literature on the applications of employees’ recruitment, selection, retention and motivation and their influence or contribution to the effectiveness of performance of manufacturing companies. It analyses sources of recruitment, global perspective on employee recruitment and selection, effect of internet recruitment on manufacturing companies, internet recruitment in Tanzania, recruitment, selection, retention motivation and employee performance, recruitment, selection, retention and motivation in Africa manufacturing companies and recruitment, selection, retention and motivation in East Africa it also analyzed different methodology and identified the gaps for further studies. The overall findings indicate that recruitment, selection, retention, and motivation have a significant relationship with manufacturing companies’ performance and effectiveness, therefore companies should hire and maintain qualifies, competent and motivated employee for their success and
LONG‐TERM CONTRASTED RESPONSES TO CLIMATE OF TWO ANTARCTIC SEABIRD SPECIES

We examined the population dynamics of two Antarctic seabirds and the influence of environmental variability over a 40-year period by coupling the estimation of demographic parameters, based on capture-recapture data, and modeling, using Leslie ma- trix population models. We demonstrated that the demographic parameters showing the greatest contribution to the variance of population growth rate were adult survival for both species. Breeding success showed the same contribution as adult survival for Emperor Penguins, whereas the proportion of breeders had the next stronger contribution for Snow Petrels. The sensitivity of population growth rate to adult survival was very high and the adult survival variability was weak for both species. Snow Petrel males survived better than females, whereas Emperor Penguin males had lower survival than females. These differ- ences may be explained by the different investment in breeding. Emperor Penguin adult survival was negatively affected by air temperature during summer and winter for both sexes; male survival was negatively affected by sea ice concentration during summer, autumn, and winter. On the other hand, there was no effect of environmental covariates on Snow Petrel adult survival. The Emperor Penguin population has declined by 50% because of a decrease in adult survival related to a warming event during a regime shift in the late 1970s, whereas Snow Petrels showed their lowest numbers in 1976, but were able to skip reproduction. Indeed, the retrospective analysis of projection population matrix entries indicated that breeding abstention played a critical role in the population dynamics of Snow Petrels but not Emperor Penguins. Snow Petrels did not breed either when air temperature decreased during spring (probably reducing nest attendance and laying) or when sea ice decreased during autumn (reducing food availability). Emperor Penguin and Snow Petrel breeding population sizes were positively influenced by sea ice through its effect on adult survival for Emperor Penguins and on the proportion of breeders for Snow Petrels. Therefore, we hypothesize that the population sizes of the two species could be negatively affected by reduced sea ice in the context of global warming.
A New 2 D Magnetic Induction Tomography System for Phantom Detection and Localization in Medical Applications

165103-1604-7474-IJMME-IJENS © June 2016 IJENS I J E N S  Abstract— Here we describe a new cost-effective magnetic induction tomography (MIT) system to identify and localize phantoms in biological tissues. The proposed 2D (twodimensional) numerical simulation detection system consists of 8 transceiver coils. During the simulation process, one of the eight transceivers acts as a transmitter, and the rest act as receivers, thereby yielding 7 receiver readings. This process was repeated, and 56 (8 transmitters x 7 receivers) induced voltage readings (receiver readings) were obtained by activating different transceivers at a time. The induced voltage readings were then used to reconstruct the images of biological samples using a linear back-projection (LBP) algorithm. To assess the quality of the images, 10 frequency-based features and seven image-based features were extracted from the reconstructed images. Artificial neural network (ANN) and extreme learning machine (ELM) classifiers were used to distinguish the presence and locations of phantoms. The proposed method attained best accuracies of 91.90% (ELM) and 100% (ANN) for frequency features. The obtained results indicate that the proposed MIT design and features provide a promising alternative to detect and localize pathological conditions in the biological tissue.
Examples of Stereotype Threat and Ageism :

Stereotype threat is a theory of discrimination response behavior that was first coined by Steele and Aronson (1995). The theory posits that under specific conditions involving explicitly revealed stereotypes, people will subconsciously act to fulfill those stereotypes, even when the outcome is detrimental. In order for the conditions of stereotype threat to be met, three elements must be in place:
The High‐Order Toroidal Moments and Anapole States in All‐Dielectric Photonics

All‐dielectric nanophotonics attracts ever increasing attention nowadays due to the possibility of controlling and configuring light scattering on high‐index semiconductor nanoparticles. It opens a room of opportunities for designing novel types of nanoscale elements and devices, and paves the way for advanced technologies of light energy manipulation. One of the exciting and promising prospects is associated with utilizing the so‐called toroidal moment, being the result of poloidal currents excitation, and anapole states, corresponding to the interference of dipole and toroidal electric moments. Here, higher‐order toroidal moments of both types (up to the electric octupole toroidal moment) are presented and investigated in detail via the direct Cartesian multipole decomposition allowing new near‐ and far‐field configurations to be obtained. Poloidal currents can be associated with vortex‐like distributions of the displacement currents inside nanoparticles, revealing the physical meaning of the high‐order toroidal moments and the convenience of the Cartesian multipoles as an auxiliary tool for analysis. High‐order nonradiating anapole states accompanied by the excitation of intense near‐fields are demonstrated. It is believed that the results are of high importance for both the fundamental understanding of light scattering by high‐index particles and a variety of nanophotonics applications and light governing on nanoscale.
Relationships of Birth Order , Parent-Child Relationship , Personality , and Academic Performance

This study investigated the relationships between birth order, personality, academic performance, and parent-child relationship amongst 120 college students from the Klang Valley. The sample constituted of 30 firstborns, 30 middleborns, 30 lastborns, and 30 only children with a mean age of 20.0 years (SD= 1.85). Instruments used in this study were Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) and Parent-Child Relationship Survey (PCRS). Results indicated that participants of different birth orders did not differ significantly in terms of their personality, academic performance and parent-child relationship. Furthermore, this study also found no relationship between parent-child relationship and academic performance. However, extraversion was found to be correlated positively with academic performance. Besides, this study also indicated that parent-child relationship did correlate with children’s openness to experience, emotional stability, and conscientiousness. This implies the importance of a match between one’s personality trait and field of study, as well as the importance of good parenting practices.
Isolation and identification of bacterial endosymbionts in the brooding brittle star Amphipholis squamata

Symbiotic associations with subcuticular bacteria (SCB) have been identified and studied in numerous echinoderms, including the SCB of the brooding brittle star, Amphipholis squamata. These SCB, however, have not been studied using current next generation sequencing technologies. Previous studies on the SCB of A. squamata placed these bacteria in the genus Vibrio (γ-Proteobacteria), but subsequent studies suggested that the SCB are primarily composed of α-Proteobacteria. The present study examines the taxonomic composition of SCB associated with A. squamata from the Northwest Atlantic. DNA was extracted using a CTAB protocol and 16S rRNA sequences were amplified using gene-targeted PCR on an Illumina HiSeq at the UNH Genomics Center. Results show the presence of a single dominant bacterial type, within the family Rhodobacteraceae, which composes 70-80% of the A. squamata microbiome. The majority of sequences recovered from A. squamata were identified as members of the genus Octadecabacter (97% similarity). By comparison, adjacent seawater and sediment bacterial communities were significantly more diverse, hosting bacteria in the phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Actinobacteria. Thus, a distinct SCB community is clearly evident in A. squamata. Here, we hypothesize the potential functions of this symbiotic community, in addition to what may be driving the unique dominance of a member of the family Rhodobacteraceae. Although metatranscriptome studies are needed to characterize the functional attributes of the SCB community, we have identified a specific and potentially beneficial symbiont that may support metabolic requirements and nutrient uptake vital to the reproduction of A. squamata.
Evaluation and analysis of environmentally sustainable methodologies for extraction of betulin from birch bark with a focus on industrial feasibility

Betulin from birch bark was extracted using two principally different extraction methodologies – classical Reflux Boiling (RB) and Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE). The extraction methods were analyzed based on both recovery and purity as well as for RB industrial feasibility. The purity and recovery for the different extraction methods were analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) coupled with three different detection principles: Diode Array Detection (DAD), Mass Spectrometry (MS) and Charged Aerosol Detection (CAD). The chromatographic purity was determined by all detections whereas the DAD was used also for complementary gravimetric calculations of the purity of the extracts. The MS detection (in MS and MS/MS modes) was mainly used to characterize the impurities. Two steps to increase the purity of RB extracts were evaluated – pre-boiling the bark in water and precipitation by adding water to the extract. Finally, the methods were compared in terms of amounts of betulin produced and solvent consumed. The RB method including a precipitation step produced the highest purity of betulin. However, results indicate that PLE using three cycles with the precipitation step gives similar purities as for RB. The PLE method produced up to 1.6 times higher amount of extract compared to the RB method. However, the solvent consumption (liter solvent per gram product) for PLE was around 4.5 times higher as compared to the classical RB. PLE performed with only one extraction cycle gave results more similar to RB with 1.2 times higher yield and 1.4 times higher solvent consumption. The RB process was investigated on an industrial scale using a model approach and several important key-factors could be identified. The most energy demanding step was the recycling of extraction solvent which motivates that solvent consumption should be kept low and calculations show a great putative energy reduction by decreasing the ethanol concentration used in the RB process to lower than 90%.
Na, K-ATPase as signaling transducer

It is now generally agreed that Na,K-ATPase (NKA), in addition to its role in the maintenance of Na+ and K+ gradients across the cell membrane, is a signal transducer. Our group has identified a novel signaling pathway where NKA interact with IP3R to form a signaling microdomain. Ouabain, a specific ligand of NKA, activates this pathway, triggers slow Ca2+ oscillations and activates NF-? B. In current study, the molecular mechanisms and some important downstream effects of NKA signaling are demonstrated. The critical binding motifs in NKA/IP3R signaling microdomain and the role of ankyrin B (Ank- B) were demonstrated. N-terminal tail of the NKA ? -subunit (? NT-t) binds directly to N terminus of IP3R. Three amino acid residues, LKK, conserved in most species and ? -isoforms of NKA, are essential for binding. Ank-B expressed in most mammalian cells, plays a pivotal role for NKA/IP3R signalosome. The N-terminal tails of NKA a subunit and IP3R are novel binding sites for Ank-B. In Ank-B silenced cells, the interaction between NKA and IP3R is decreased. The role of NKA/IP3R signaling for activation of NF-? B was elucidated. Cells overexpressing a peptide corresponding to ? NT-t, which binds to IP3R and blocks NKA/IP3R binding, suppresses ouabain’s effect. Knockdown of Ank-B abolishes the ouabain effect on NF-? B. The downstream effects of this signaling pathway include protection from apoptosis and stimulation of cell proliferation. Ouabain (nM) completely abolishes serum deprivation induced apoptosis. Ouabain protection from apoptosis is not observed in cells overexpressing a mutant NKA ? subunit with deletion of the N-terminal tail or a peptide corresponding to ? NT-t. Both of them block the interaction between NKA and IP3R. Inhibition of Ca2+release from intracellular stores via IP3R or inhibition of NF-? B activity abolishes the anti-apoptotic effect of ouabain. Ouabain stimulates cell proliferation which depends on Ca2+release via IP3R. Activation of this signaling pathway rescues nephrogenesis in growth factor deprived embryonic rat kidney. Exposure to ouabain triggers Ca2+oscillations and activates NF-? B in embryonic kidney cells. Growth factor deprivation retards formation of new glomeruli and increases apoptotic index. Ouabain (nM) completely prevents these effects. The protective effects of ouabain are abolished by depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores and by inhibition of NF-? B. The expression of the inductive factors Wt1 and Pax2 activated by NF-? B, are increased in ouabain exposed growth factor deprived kidneys. Thus we have identified a novel mechanism by which kidney development can be protected under adverse intrauterine circumstances. In conclusion, this thesis demonstrates that NKA directly binds to IP3R to form a signaling microdomain and Ank-B tethers this binding. Ouabain activates this signaling pathway that results in NF-? B activation, the downstream effects of which are stimulation of cell proliferation, protection from apoptosis and rescue of growth factor deprivation-induced inhibition of embryonic kidney nephrogenesis.
Ambiguity Aversion and Asset Prices in Production Economies

We examine a production-based asset pricing model with an unobservable mean growth rate ollowing a two-state Markov chain and with an ambiguity averse representative agent. Our model requires a low coefficient of relative risk aversion to produce: (i) a high equity premium and volatile equity returns, (ii) a low and smooth risk-free rate, (iii) smooth consumption growth and volatile nvestment growth, (iv) countercyclical equity premium and market price of risk, (v) conditional heteroscedasticity in returns, and (vi) long-horizon predictability of excess returns.
Is There an Association between Social Connectedness, Social Identity, Alcohol Consumption and Mental Health among Young University Students?

Social connectedness has been identified as a protective factor for a range of health issues however the literature is not conclusive. The high prevalence of hazardous alcohol consumption and mental health problems among university students along with the potential for the university as a setting for health promotion prompted this study. The study aims to explore the association between levels of alcohol consumption, mental health, social connectedness and social identity among university students. Online data were collected from a random sample of university undergraduate students (n = 2506) aged 18 - 24 years old. Outcomes were measured using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, Social Connectedness Scale, Social Identity Scale and measures of paid employment and study (hours), and participation in sports and other clubs. The majority of students had consumed alcohol in the last 12 months (87%). Of these students 38% reported to drink at hazardous levels (AUDIT ≥ 8). When all factors were considered: gender, living arrangements, being a domestic student, hours spent at work, participation in university and community sport, higher levels of psychological distress, higher levels of social connectedness, and lower levels of social identity were significant predictors of hazardous alcohol consumption. The finding highlights the need for the inclusion of integrated, multi-strategy health promotion interventions on campus. Further exploration of the associations between social connectedness and social identity as influences of health behaviors will better inform the development of targeted strategies for specific groups.
MEMORANDUM No 07 / 2004

An important conclusion from the literature on hydropower is that if there are no other constraints than the available water reservoirs for a year, and operating costs are ignored, the competitive (and socially optimal) outcome is characterized by the (present value) price being constant through the year. A second important conclusion is that the outcome under monopoly generally will differ from this, provided that the demand functions differ across different days (or other sub-periods) of the year. We show that even if the demand function is the same all days of the year, the monopoly outcome will generally differ from the competitive outcome. The difference is caused by the profit function of a price-setting producer of hydropower being non-concave. This non-concavity can be caused by short-run capacity limits either on exports and imports of electricity, or on the supply of alternative electricity sources.
A Multi-Stage Approach to a Hybrid Lead Acid Battery and Supercapacitor System for Transport Vehicles

Lead Acid Batteries (LABs) are used for starting, lighting, and igniting, as well as in air conditioning systems and to supply power to electric engines in transport vehicles (TVs). However, the application of LABs for TVs has faced a number of market challenges, mounted by the upcoming high energy density and long lifespan batteries, such as lithium ion. LABs, on the other hand, are inexpensive. The key research question is, how can the lifespan of LABs used in automotive industries be increased, while still ensuring a low cost solution? Thus, integrating LABs with the supercapacitor (known as an electric double layer capacitor—EDLC) is likely to outperform the competing alternative batteries for TVs. This paper proposes a multiple stage approach to hybrid lead acid batteries and a supercapacitor system for TVs that is capable of maintaining the battery state-of-charge (SOC) at statistically high limits, ranging between 90% and 95%. This SOC target will likely ensure that the lifespan of the hybrid battery system can be elongated (extended) more than its competitors. In this study, the multiple stage approach of concatenated converters has been designed in order to satisfy all energy storage requirements for different characteristics of LABs and the supercapacitor. The designed hybrid system has been simulated using Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB/Simulink (version R2016a, MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA)). The simulated results show that high transient currents from the direct current (DC) bus of LABs, caused by the regenerative braking or deceleration of the TVs, reduce the battery lifespan and induce mechanical stress. The supercapacitor reduces the stress on the LAB by absorbing high transient currents. This, in turn, keeps the LABs’ SOC between 90% and 96% and the voltage at 12 V. As indicated by the simulated results, the hybrid battery SOC is maintained at 90–96% and the terminal voltage is approximately 12 V.
Spatial Skill Profile of Mathematics Pre-Service Teachers

This study is aimed to investigate the spatial intelligence of mathematics pre-service teachers and find the best instructional strategy that facilitates this aspect. Data were collected from 35 mathematics pre-service teachers. The Purdue Spatial Visualization Test (PSVT) was used to identify the spatial skill of mathematics pre-service teachers. Statistical analysis indicate that more than 50% of the participants possessed spatial skill in intermediate level, whereas the other were in high and low level of spatial skill. The result also shows that there is a positive correlation between spatial skill and mathematics ability, especially in geometrical problem solving. High spatial skill students tend to have better mathematical performance compare to those in two other levels. Furthermore, qualitative analysis reveals that most students have difficulty in manipulating geometrical objects mentally. This problem mostly appears in intermediate and low-level spatial skill students. The observation revealed that 3-D geometrical figures is the best method that can overcome the mentally manipulation problem and develop the spatial visualization. Computer application can also be used to improve students’ spatial skill.