Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The characteristics of Zn in highly alkaline wastewater by CO2 aerated

In the process of CO2 a erated, the variation of pH value, the characteristics of Carbonate precipitation and hydroxide precipitate by Zn, the adsorption and co-precipitation characteristics with the hydrated oxides of iron and aluminum and calcite have been researched. After CO2 was aerated to the high alkaline wastewater, the content of Zn after filtering was measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), and then analyzed the precipitate by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The co-precipitation characteristics of Zn in highly alkaline waste by C O2 aerated was simulated by PHREEQC. The results showed that CO2 neutralized the high alkaline waste effectively, and the content of Zn was significantly decreased. The outcome showed that the sediment mainly consisted of CaCO3 and Zn. With CO2 continuing aerating, co-precipitation with CaCO3 created. Iron and alum inum hydroxide can adsorbent Zn, but the phenomenon is not obvious because colloid contains less.
A Review on Image Reconstruction Using Compressed Sensing Algorithms: OMP, CoSaMP and NIHT

A sampled signal can be properly reconstructed if the sampling rate follows the Nyquist criteria. If Nyquist criteria is imposed on various image and video processing applications, a large number of samples are produced. Hence, storage, processing and transmission of these huge amounts of data make this task impractical. As an alternate, Compressed Sensing (CS) concept was applied to reduce the sampling rate. Compressed sensing method explores signal sparsity and hence the signal acquisition process in the area of transformation can be carried out below the Nyquist rate. As per CS theory, signal can be represented by alternative non-adaptive linear projections, which preserve the signal structure and the reconstruction of the signal can be achieved using optimization process. Hence signals can be reconstructed from severely undersampled measurements by taking advantage of their inherent lowdimensional structure. As Compressed Sensing, requires a lower sampling rate for reconstruction, data captured within the specified time will be obviously less than the traditional method. In this paper, three Compressed Sensing algorithms, namely Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP), Compressive Sampling Matching Pursuit (CoSaMP) and Normalized Iterative Hard Thresholding (NIHT) are reviewed and their performance is evaluated at different sparsity levels for image reconstruction.
Psychometric Properties of the Persian version of the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence in Patients with Opioid Use Disorder / Cigarette Smokers Under Methadone Maintenance Treatment

The purpose of this study was the verification of the usefulness of the Persian version of the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) in patients with opioid use disorder /cigarette smokers undergoing methadone maintenance treatment. 354 patients with opioid use disorder / cigarette smokers at the Shafa Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences participated in this study and took the Persian version of the FTND. The gold standard was the nicotine dependence criteria of the DSM-5. By DSM-5, 92.1% of smokers were diagnosed as dependent, while only 64% were diagnosed as dependent by FTND. In confirmatory factor analysis of the FTND, our results showed the two-factor solution providing the best fit. Three and four items were loaded on Factor 1 and Factor 2, respectively. One item (time to first cigarette) was load on both factors. After rescoring item 4, model fit showed better absolute fit than original model (χ2/df=1.55, P=0.10). Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the FTND was 0.71. This study showed the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the FTND. Our results confirmed the usefulness of the FTND to identify individuals who have the greatest risk for disease and to assess of programs for smoking cessation.
Climate change policy and burden sharing in the European Union: applying alternative equity rules to a CGE-framework

The objective of this paper is to present different equity rules that can be applied to the initial allocation of greenhouse gas entitlements and to analyse the potential impacts of these rules EU-wide as well as on the level of member states. The methodological framework used in the empirical part of the paper is based on the GEM-E3 model, a multi-country and multi-sectoral computable general equilibrium model for fourteen EU-member states. The major finding of the paper is that being ex ante favoured with respect to the initial allocation of permits might not hold ex post, i.e. when trade of permits and actual emission reductions are carried out. The reason can be found in two effects. First, the interdependence of the EU economies allows smaller economies not to make full use of the advantages they get through the ability-to-pay allocation: The negative impact on the economic perfomance of the big economies leads to a drop of export demand in the smaller economies, which in turn lowers the expected positive impact on welfare in the latter ones. Second, the way of how a surplus of permits in a particular country is used has considerable impacts on consumer welfare. Selling the surplus of permits on the international market and use the receipts to reduce public deficit is one way, but it has no direct impact on demand. Other, more demand stimulating recycling strategies of the surplus (e.g. a lump-sum transfer to households) might be more promising if welfare losses are to be minimzed. Both effects may outweigh the positive effect realized ex ante in some countries due to a more ? fair? initial allocation of permits. The outcome emphasizes the importance of a consideration of full general equilibrium effects across countries.
Analysis and Simulation on Torque Ripples of Brushless DC Motor

Because of its small size, high reliability, efficiency, and its output torque characteristics, brushless DC motor (BLDCM) had been widely used in many field of robotics, precision instruments and equipment, etc. However, its inherent electromagnetic torque ripple limited the scope of its application, which was the focus and difficulty of its research in recent years. This article first described the causes of brushless DC motor torque ripple, and then torque ripple generated by four PWM modulations was analyzed to get optimum control scheme, finally the MATLAB / SIMULINK simulation model verified the analysis of the results. This paper provided the most intuitionistic exhibition.
Geoethics in Hollywood: How Can We Put More Reality into Fault Hazard Zoning?

The 15-km-long Hollywood fault extends through some of the most densely developed and expensive areas in southern California. Given that billions of dollars of real estate could be impacted by an earthquake occurring on the fault, and that tens of thousands of people live near it, the seismic hazard posed by the Hollywood fault is concerning. But how much so? The City of West Hollywood has required geological fault investigations and building avoidance of at least 15 meters from the fault’s active trace since the mid-1990s, resulting in numerous site investigations. Geologic studies in support of the Los Angeles Metro subway and subsequent research found as-yet-unconfirmedequivocal evidence of an early Holocene-age (~8 ka) displacement event, and estimated strain rates of 0.3-0.9 mm/yr. In 2014, and following a “not-in-my-backyard” press campaign against the Hollywood Millennium project, the California Geological Survey zoned the eastern Hollywood fault as Holocene-active under their fault zoning program, requiring geological investigations and building setbacks from Holocene-age faults. In the years since the fault was zoned by the City of West Hollywood and the California Geological Survey, millions of dollars have been invested in geological studies of the fault for building projects. All of these dollars have been reluctantly spent by the private sector, and all of this work has been eagerly done by consulting firms. The results? With only four exceptions, two in West Hollywood, and two in the City of Los Angeles, and all having opportunities for alternative interpretations, no Holocene-age fault displacements have been found. Instead, other studies have found definitive evidence that the fault has not ruptured in 10s to 100s of thousands of years. So what is the ethical alternative? Should we ignore the hazard posed by the fault? Are we geo-professionals too enamored of the financial gains such regulatory zoning provides that we are unwilling to suggest changes? Could we move past the “one size fits all” zoning that requires that single-family homes are held to the same standard as 40-story buildings? In the following sections we present several case studies along the Hollywood fault and provide our suggestions for a more progressive program of fault hazard management.
Erosion of the Ghent System and Union Membership Decline: Lessons from Finland

Union density declined in Finland by more than 10 percentage points in less than 10 years. This paper analyses the reasons behind the decline, using micro data from the 1990s. According to our results, the changes in the composition of the labour force and the changes in the labour market explain only about a quarter of this decline. The main reason for the decline appears to be the erosion of the Ghent system, due to the emergence of an independent unemployment insurance fund that provides unemployment insurance without requiring union membership. We also find that the decline in the union density can be attributed to the declining inclination of the cohorts born after the early 1960s to become union members.
Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda: gorilla census 1997

Abstract Bwindi Impenetrable National Park in south-west Uganda supports a population of gorillas that has become the primary gorilla population for tourism following the genocide in Rwanda. Previous estimates made in the early 1990s indicated that the population numbered around 300 individuals. The census reported here was the first in Bwindi to use the method successfully developed in the Virungas, which utilizes a complete sweep across the park within a short period of time by a large number of teams working simultaneously. We estimated the population to be 292 individuals; to the best of our understanding – based on previous estimates – the population, therefore, appears to be stable. Most gorillas were found within the centre of the southern section of the park. It appears that there are some areas of unused habitat and, therefore, room for the population to grow. We found no clear relationship between gorilla distribution and human presence, but some forms of disturbance were more frequent and close to the edge of the park and may contribute to the gorillas' avoidance of these areas. The effects of human disturbance, including tourism, on the gorillas and other wildlife should be investigated in more detail and monitored over time. This is particularly important in multiple-use zones which have been established around the edges of the park for bee-keeping, collection of nontimber forest products, and tourism.
Internationalization strategies adopted by Natura in Latin America and Europe: An exploratory study with an emerging market company

This study seeks to identify the main strategies adopted by an emerging market company in its internationalization process in Latin America and Europe. The company studied was Natura Cosmeticos. To this end, a survey was conducted on the theoretical framework that discusses the internationalization theory from the behavioral perspective, the motivations for organizations to go international and the internationalization strategies. An exploratory qualitative research was conducted based on the case study method. To collect the data, we conducted interviews with a company’s executive and an intense documentary analysis, which allowed the identification of the main internationalization strategies adopted by Natura in Latin America and Europe. Key words: Internationalization, strategy, Natura, emerging market company.
Performance Measurement and Accountability Of Waqf Institutions In Malaysia

The issues of measuring and managing waqf institutions performance are increasingly being discussed by the academicians and relevant constituents. Waqf institutions need to demonstrate their performance as whether they have effectively and efficiently managed in order to discharge their accountability to various waqf stakeholders. There are many studies being conducted to measure the performance of various organizations in the private, public and third sector. However, studies on the performance measurement of waqf institution are still limited, and financial ratios become the dominant measurement in those studies. Being a non-profit organization in nature and religious entity, managing the entrusted waqf assets for social and economic development of the society, the performance measurement of waqf institutions should also focus on realizing their missions. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to discuss both financial and non-financial measurements that can be adapted by waqf institutions to evaluate their performance in discharging their accountability. Drawing from the experience on performance measurement discussed in the NPOs and relevant literatures, this conceptual paper aimed to provide significant insight on how waqf institutions performance could be measured and provide a tool to benchmark the best practices that can guide them to achieve their goals and missions.
Improving the reproductive traits of turkey hens with regard to toms selection

1210 turkey hens from generation 12 (G 1 2) and 737 from generation 13 (G 1 3) of the maternal female strain J-44 were investigated. The male parents of the toms chosen to selection flocks in G 1 2 and G 1 3 were evaluated by means of a selection index including reproductive performance of their female relatives: mothers, sisters and half-sisters. The hens, in turn, were selected taking into account the results of the evaluation of the value in use and breeding value of their mothers according to the SELECT system. It has been found that the used breeding methods aiming at increasing the reproductive traits value in strain J-44 hens turned out to be efficient. The achieved breeding gain amounted to 10.2 of eggs, 5.0% of egg fertility and 3.5% of hatchability from fertile eggs.
An Improved SRS Noise Estimation Algorithm Based on Interference Cancellation

This thesis studies SRS noise estimation method with multi-users in the Long Term Evolution(LTE), and proposes a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) time-domain filtering algorithm based on interference cancellation. By calculating signal power in the system protecting band, decision threshold of time domain filtering can be denoted. Therefore, one can reduce the impact of noise on the useful signal within the window, and also obtain a more accurate noise estimation. Simulation results show that either in the case of single-user or multi-user, the proposed algorithm can get good performance. At the same time, the algorithm can accurately reflect the impact in neighborhood interference on each band channel quality, so as to achieve the frequency domain resource selective scheduling effectively.
Delay-Dependent Stability Criterion of Caputo Fractional Neural Networks with Distributed Delay

This paper is concerned with the finite-time stability of Caputo fractional neural networks with distributed delay. The factors of such systems including Caputo’s fractional derivative and distributed delay are taken into account synchronously. For the Caputo fractional neural network model, a finite-time stability criterion is established by using the theory of fractional calculus and generalized Gronwall-Bellman inequality approach. Both the proposed criterion and an illustrative example show that the stability performance of Caputo fractional distributed delay neural networks is dependent on the time delay and the order of Caputo’s fractional derivative over a finite time.
A MULTISTAGE APPROACH FOR DETECTING AND CORRECTING SHADOWS IN QUICKBIRD IMAGERY

High spatial resolution satellite imagery provides excellent opportunities for detecting fine spatial details on the ground. However, shadows that exist in high resolution images also create problems for land cover classification and environmental application. In various image classification studies, shadows have been either left unclassified or expediently assigned as a class. The class of shadow is not informational and as a result, the real land cover under shadows remains unknown. Furthermore, when using high resolution images to address environmental issues, we most likely need to assess the condition of land cover in addition to identifying land cover types. But radiance values of shadow pixels are contaminated and thus cannot be directly applied to quantitative environmental assessment. A multistage approach for detecting and correcting shadows is proposed in this study. QuickBird imagery of the Falcon Heights – Roseville area in Minnesota was used as an example to examine the results of the proposed methods. We first measured the spectral radiance and reflectance of different types of shadows. These spectral radiometric properties were examined and used as the basis for reclassifying shadows to different information classes and for obtaining shadow-free radiance values. A two-step ISODATA clustering algorithm was employed to detect shadowed areas. The detected shadow areas were corrected by the K-nearest neighbor algorithm and the linear correlation correction method for predicting values of shadow pixels. The classification accuracy and visual appearances were compared to evaluate the effectiveness of spectral radiometric restoration.
Foundations of the theory of Fano schemes

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The double sheath on cathodes of discharges burning in cathode vapour

The model of a collisionless near-cathode space-charge sheath with ionization of atoms emitted by the cathode surface is considered. Numerical calculations showed that the mathematical problem is solvable and its solution is unique. In the framework of this model, the sheath represents a double layer with a potential maximum, with the ions which are produced before the maximum returning to the cathode surface and those produced after the maximum escaping into the plasma. Numerical results are given in a form to be readily applicable in analysis of discharges burning in cathode vapour, such as vacuum arcs. In particular, the results indicate that the ion backflow coefficient in such discharges exceeds 0.5, in agreement with values extracted from the experiment.
Comment on "Storming the Bastille: the effect of electric fields on the ionospheric F-layer" by Rishbeth et al. (2010)

In our estimation, Rishbeth et al. (2010) have made several fundamentally incorrect statements. We have great admiration for the past works of the now deceased first author, but we feel that corrections need to be made to set the scientific record straight. Rishbeth et al. have stated “Mannucci et al. (2005) have shown that, in response to these (meridional E×B) drifts, storm TEC enhancements occur across the dayside ionosphere at low and middle latitudes. ” “The work of Mannucci et al. (2005) shows quiet-day TEC at the equator near 50 units with middle latitude values near 30 units of 1016 m−2. Even if the entire plasma content at the equator were transported without loss to middle latitudes, it is not possible to account for TEC enhancements to 200 and sometimes 300 units. ” “Thus TEC enhancements at latitudes beyond 25 degrees cannot generally be attributed to transport from the equator”. Later they say “Whenever plasma transport is invoked to explain an ionospheric phenomenon, one must ask: Can the plasma travel far enough in its lifetime to produce the observed effect? Detailed modeling is needed to settle this question, but in some cases the time required is so long that changes in local time and in the imposed electric field pattern become the dominant consideration. With these considerations, a longitudinally confined, latitudinally extended, TEC enhancement at middle latitudes, such as is observed during superstorm events, would require a similar configuration in the electric field. Evidence for this feature, how it is formed and how it evolves during a storm epoch also represent some key challenges to our understanding. ” It is the purpose of this short note to explain (1) how the “TEC enhancements to 200 and sometimes 300 units” occurs by meridional E×B drifts and photoionization alone, (2) how “TEC enhancements beyond 25 can be caused by this same process” and (3) why “the time required is so long that changes in local time and the imposed electric field pattern becomes the dominant consideration” is not a real concern.
Modelling Temporal Variations in Leachate Quantity Generated at Kahrizak Landfill

Kahrizak landfill has been in operation for several decades with no record of the quantity of the generated leachate. An attempt was made to develop a water balance model, which despite the current rough estimates of annual leachate quantity at this site, takes into account the precipitation and evaporation patterns as well as the concept of field capacity. Changes in field capacity and water consumed in gas generation were formulated based on empirical relationships of the nearest applicability to this site found in the literature. Monthly meteorological data were employed with an option provided to convert them into daily average values to match the daily time step if required. The model results for Kahrizak landfill were in good agreement with the estimation made by Tehran municipality, although more reliable results can be achieved if more accurate site specific data is provided through field measurements as well as test trenches.
Prevalence and clinical characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis in Poland: a nationwide study

Introduction There are no reliable data regarding the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Poland. Material and methods The first stage was a face-to-face survey on a nationwide representative sample of 3000 people, which identified respondents with a physician-confirmed diagnosis of RA. The second stage was a survey of RA patients, which characterized the disease course and treatment. It was evaluated by analysis of a representative group of 1957 RA patients in routine clinical practice. Results The overall RA prevalence in Poland was 0.9% (95% CI: 0.6–1.2%), 1.06% for women, 0.74% for men. Seventy-eight percent were female, mean age was 56 and mean disease duration 7 years. Younger patients (< 50) remained professionally active in 90% of cases. Thirty percent of patients were diagnosed within 3 months of the first RA symptoms, while for 17% it took more than 1 year. Fifty-six percent of newly diagnosed patients were characterized by high disease activity (DAS-28 > 5.1). Presently, low disease activity (DAS-28 < 3.2) was found in 38.5% of patients. In Poland, 94% of patients have been treated with non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, almost 80% with glucocorticoids. Meanwhile, methotrexate, as an anchor drug in Poland, has been used by 80% of patients, biological agents by 2.94% of patients. Conclusions This is the first cross-sectional population-based epidemiological study regarding prevalence of RA in the adult Polish population. The results demonstrate a high prevalence, falling within the upper boundary estimates for Europe. Despite ongoing treatment, the majority still have moderate to high disease activity, and the use of biological therapies is low.