Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Set-Valued Approach to Problem of Temperature Dynamic Measurements

The article deals with the problem of dynamic measurements of temperature using thermocouple. While measuring the dramatic changes of temperature it can take quite a long time for thermocouple to show the real value of temperature. It can lead to the damages when the temperature reaches the critical value. A set-valued estimation method was applied for temperature estimation and decreasing the measurement time. The set-valued estimation approach is used when there is no statistical characteristics of noises and measured signals but the sets of their possible values are available. This method consists in constructing the set of possible values of the state of the system at each sample time. The set-valued estimates were calculated using polyhedral approximation method based on the model of the transient model, taking into account errors in model parameters identification.
Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among Adults and Children in 5 US States.

CONTEXT The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Advisory Committee for Immunization Practices has recommended human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines for use in children and young adults for preventing HPV-related diseases, but HPV vaccine coverage is low in the United States. OBJECTIVE To assess HPV vaccination among US adults and children and to identify characteristics associated with HPV vaccination. METHODS We used the 2010 Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System data to examine HPV vaccine initiation and completion among adults aged 18 to 26 years and children aged 9 to 17 years in 5 US states. We performed a multivariate logistic regression to evaluate factors associated with HPV vaccination. RESULTS We assessed the HPV vaccination status of 706 women and 560 men and 2201 girls and 2292 boys. In 2010, a total of 258 (41.6%) women and 21 (4.3%) men had initiated HPV vaccination. Of those vaccinated women, 182 (75%) completed the 3-dose vaccine series. Rural residence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.37) and not having a Papanicolaou test (aOR = 0.44) were negatively associated with HPV vaccine initiation among women. Women who were aged 18 to 20 years (aOR = 2.93) were more likely to complete HPV vaccination. A total of 612 (24.6%) girls and 86 (5.2%) boys received 1 or more doses of HPV vaccines; 308 (50.3%) vaccinated girls and 14 (10.8%) vaccinated boys completed the vaccine series. Younger age (9-12 years: aOR = 0.09) and not receiving a seasonal influenza vaccine (aOR = 0.44) were negatively related to HPV vaccine initiation in girls. Girls were less likely to initiate and complete HPV vaccination if their parents did not have a routine checkup within 1 year. CONCLUSION HPV vaccination in the United States remains below the Healthy People 2020 objective (80%). To increase HPV vaccination, strategies still need to focus on improving access to HPV vaccines and utilization of health services.
Yield-driven design-time task scheduling techniques for multi-processor system on chips under process variation: a comparative study

Process variation has already emerged as a major concern in design of multi-processor system on chips (MPSoC). In recent years, there have been several attempts to bring variability awareness into the task scheduling process of embedded MPSoCs to improve performance yield. This study attempts to provide a comparative study of the current variation-aware design-time task and communication scheduling techniques that target embedded MPSoCs. To this end, the authors first use a sign-off variability modelling framework to accurately estimate the frequency distribution of MPSoC components. The task scheduling methods are then compared in terms of both the quality of the final solution and the computational complexity of the scheduling algorithm. Experimental results on a wide range of benchmarks show that ILP-based task scheduling technique, while guaranteeing the optimality of the solution, can be costly for large application task graphs. On the other hand, one-pass heuristic method is 795 times faster than ILP-based method on average, but is ineffective to find reasonable solutions in the case of large task graphs. Finally, metaheuristic approaches can produce near-optimal schedules within 1–2% of the optimal solutions on average, with up to 7.8 times faster execution time compared with ILP-based approach.
Correlation of Regional Emphysema and Lung Cancer: A Lung Tissue Research Consortium-Based Study

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer are linked because both airflow obstruction and emphysema, on computer tomography, are independent risk factors for lung cancer. However, the local risk of malignancy relative to development of regional emphysema has not yet been defined. Specifically, it is not known if primary lung cancers are associated with regions of worse emphysema within individual patients. Methods: We performed a database analysis evaluating the association between the degree of regional emphysema as scored on computer tomography and development of primary lung cancer. We also studied the association between regional emphysema and benign lung nodules. We assembled two distinct cohorts using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Lung Tissue Research Consortium database, hypothesizing that lung malignancy will preferentially locate in the regions of the most severe emphysema. Results: In the Lung Tissue Research Consortium database, 624 cases met criteria for the malignant nodule cohort and 64 were included in the benign nodule cohort. When comparing location of a malignant nodule to other lung regions within the same person, the odds of having a more severe emphysema score in the location of lung cancer was 1.342 (95% confidence interval 1.112–1.620; p = 0.0022). When comparing location of a benign nodule to other lung regions within the same person, the odds of having a more severe emphysema score in the location of the benign nodule was 1.118 (95% confidence interval 0.725–1.725; p = 0.6137). Conclusions: Primary lung cancers are associated with areas of worse regional emphysema.
Prescribing principles for patients with chronic kidney disease

Although much of the prescribing for the symptoms and complications of ERF is undertaken by the specialist renal physician, at some point most primary care clinicians will encounter a CKD patient for whom they will prescribe. This may be early pharmacological intervention for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in CKD stages 1–3 for example (CKD being an important risk factor for CVD) or perhaps as part of a shared care arrangement for anaemia, or renal bone disease seen later in CKD stage 3. It may even be that a prescription will be needed for a co-morbidity in a CKD patient of any stage, for whom special consideration to the drug choice or prescribed dose may be required. This article outlines the principles that will The definition and classification of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has changed in recent years following international acceptance of guidance from the US Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K\DOQI) programme. This classification identifies five stages of CKD, defined in part, by an estimate of glomerular filtration rate or eGFR (Table 1). Following the UK adoption of the K\DOQI classification, the Department of Health recommended routine reporting of eGFR by all NHS clinical biochemistry laboratories by 1 April 2006. This has done much to improve the recognition of early CKD in patients in whom reported serum creatinine levels alone would have missed.
Differential effects of zinc on glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmitter systems in the hippocampus

Approximately 10% of total zinc in the brain exists in synaptic vesicles of glutamatergic neurons; however, the function of vesicular zinc is poorly understood. The presynaptic action of zinc against excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission was studied in rat hippocampus using in vivo microdialysis. When the hippocampal CA3 region was perfused with 10–300 μM ZnCl2, the level of glutamate in the perfusate was decreased, whereas the level of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) was increased. Chelation of endogenous zinc with CaEDTA increased the glutamate level in the perfusate but decreased the GABA level, suggesting that zinc released into the synaptic cleft acts differentially on glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in the CA3 region. The increase of GABA level by zinc was antagonized by 2,3‐dioxo‐6‐nitro‐1,2.3,4‐tetrahydrobenzo(f)quinoxaline‐7‐sulphonamide (NBQX), an antagonist of α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionate (AMPA)/kainate receptors, but not affected by MK801, an antagonist of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors, and verapamil, a blocker of voltage‐dependent calcium channels. The present study suggests that zinc enhances GABA release via potentiation of AMPA/kainate receptors in the CA3 region, followed by a decrease in presynaptic glutamate release in the same region. Zinc seems to be an inhibitory neuromodulator of glutamate release. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Some Observations on the Respiration of Certain Tropical Fresh-water Fishes

1. The blood of the fish of the rivers and swamps of British Guiana is not all equally affected by CO 2 . A regular series can be shown to exist between the paku ( Myleus setiger Mull and Troschel), an active river fish whose blood is considerably affected, and the electric eel ( Electrophorus electricus (L.)), which is an air-breather, frequenting relatively stagnant and poorly oxygenated water, and whose blood is almost independent of the presence of CO 2 . 2. The blood of all the fish examined was found to be acid, generally about p H 6·7. 3. The CO 2 combining power of the blood of the fish examined was found to be very much lower than in other animals, but higher than might be expected on theoretical grounds. The possibility of another type of buffering is suggested. 4. In the one fish examined (the bom-bom, Pterodoras granulosus (Val.)) the CO 2 contained in reduced blood was found to be no higher than in oxygenated blood. 5. In spite of the low oxygen content of some of the waters, no fish examined showed a haemoglobin with any markedly increased affinity for oxygen, such as might enable it to be saturated more easily at low pressures. 6. The yarrow ( Erythrinus erythrinus (Schn.) or Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus (Spix.)) was found to be a fish which could either use its gills or take in bubbles of air into its air-bladder as a means of respiration. This fish has been studied in detail and the conditions controlling its respiration are described. Three factors are concerned, p H, oxygen content of the water, and CO 2 content of the water. Of the three the last is most often the limiting factor. 7. Carbonic anhydrase was found in the blood of all the fish examined for its presence, which include practically all those mentioned in this paper. 8. The bearing of these results on certain problems of general biological interest is discussed.
Classification of Suicide Attempts through a Machine Learning Algorithm Based on Multiple Systemic Psychiatric Scales

Classification and prediction of suicide attempts in high-risk groups is important for preventing suicide. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the information from multiple clinical scales has classification power for identifying actual suicide attempts. Patients with depression and anxiety disorders (N = 573) were included, and each participant completed 31 self-report psychiatric scales and questionnaires about their history of suicide attempts. We then trained an artificial neural network classifier with 41 variables (31 psychiatric scales and 10 sociodemographic elements) and ranked the contribution of each variable for the classification of suicide attempts. To evaluate the clinical applicability of our model, we measured classification performance with top-ranked predictors. Our model had an overall accuracy of 93.7% in 1-month, 90.8% in 1-year, and 87.4% in lifetime suicide attempts detection. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was the highest for 1-month suicide attempts detection (0.93), followed by lifetime (0.89), and 1-year detection (0.87). Among all variables, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire had the highest contribution, and the positive and negative characteristics of the scales similarly contributed to classification performance. Performance on suicide attempts classification was largely maintained when we only used the top five ranked variables for training (AUROC; 1-month, 0.75, 1-year, 0.85, lifetime suicide attempts detection, 0.87). Our findings indicate that information from self-report clinical scales can be useful for the classification of suicide attempts. Based on the reliable performance of the top five predictors alone, this machine learning approach could help clinicians identify high-risk patients in clinical settings.
Suppression of the Vacuolar Invertase Gene Prevents Cold-Induced Sweetening in Potato12[W][OA]

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is the third most important food crop in the world. Potato tubers must be stored at cold temperatures to prevent sprouting, minimize disease losses, and supply consumers and the processing industry with high-quality tubers throughout the year. Unfortunately, cold storage triggers an accumulation of reducing sugars in tubers. High-temperature processing of these tubers results in dark-colored, bitter-tasting products. Such products also have elevated amounts of acrylamide, a neurotoxin and potential carcinogen. We demonstrate that silencing the potato vacuolar acid invertase gene VInv prevents reducing sugar accumulation in cold-stored tubers. Potato chips processed from VInv silencing lines showed a 15-fold acrylamide reduction and were light in color even when tubers were stored at 4°C. Comparable, low levels of VInv gene expression were observed in cold-stored tubers from wild potato germplasm stocks that are resistant to cold-induced sweetening. Thus, both processing quality and acrylamide problems in potato can be controlled effectively by suppression of the VInv gene through biotechnology or targeted breeding.
A MODEL TO REPLACE PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITALS

A comprehensive system of community treatment in southwest Denver has reduced the need for adult psychiatric inpatient beds to less than 1/100,000 population. Six small, community-based therapeutic environments, crisis intervention, home treatment, social systems intervention, and rapid tranquilization comprise the essential components of this total community care system. The system operates within a framework of citizen participation and community control, the elimination of formal staff offices, and a focus on working in the real-life setting of the client and his family. To evaluate the effectiveness of community care, patients about to be hospitalized were randomly assigned to a psychiatric hospital or to community alternative treatment. Outcome measures at discharge and at follow-up completed by the client himself, treatment staff, and family members indicate that community treatment was more effective than psychiatric hospitalization.
A Lossless Electrocardiogram Compression System Based on Dual-Mode Prediction and Error Modeling

Long-term electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring requires high-ratio lossless compression techniques to reduce data transmission energy and data storage capacity. In this paper, we have proposed a high-ratio ECG compression system with low computational complexity. Firstly, as the morphologies of the ECG change over time, we divide the signal of each heartbeat cycle into two regions. To achieve high prediction accuracy, a 1st order linear predictor and a combination of the template predictor and 3rd order linear predictor are applied in the two regions respectively. Secondly, we introduce a context-based error modeling module to the system, which cancels the statistical bias of the prediction algorithm and further improves the prediction accuracy. Thirdly, we modify the Golomb-Rice encoding algorithm to adaptively encode the prediction errors, while preserving a code space for packaging the information that is necessary for prediction. We evaluate the proposed system by using the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database (ARRDB). The experimental results show that with memory requirements as low as 444 to 14556 total variables this system achieves a compression ratio (CR) from 2.975 to 3.040, suggesting that it is highly applicable to both the low-power design and the cloud.
Redesigned Waveforms in the Maritime Medium Frequency Bands

Several studies have shown that the signals of marine radio beacons, which operate in the maritime medium frequency (MF) band, can be modified to enable range and position estimate. This technology called Ranging Mode (R-Mode) faces challenges in the resolution of ambiguities and suppression of multipath interference which are related to the small bandwidth of 500 to 1000 Hz per radio beacon. This paper shows that increasing the overall used bandwidth per station with the transmission in two separate MF channels or using the complete maritime MF band would increase the ability to estimate the ambiguities and identify signals reflected by the ionosphere. A matching pursuit algorithm is proposed to decompose the received signal into the ground-wave and sky-wave component.
Debugging FPGA-accelerated Real-time Systems

The high computation/communication requirements along with reliability needs and limited power budgets necessitate complex processing platforms for emerging autonomous systems. Due to the current focus on performance, however, such platforms are increasingly difficult to predict and analyze. This holds true in terms of both performance (e.g., behavioral and temporal) aspects and power consumption. Ensuring functional safety thus requires new techniques to analyze performance, predictability and power. In this paper, we thus propose a novel hybrid tracing methodology to monitor (and, subsequently, optimize) temporal, functional and energy-related properties of Real-time Systems (RTSs). We target current Programmable SoCs (pSoCs) integrating a fixed-function System-on-Chip (SoC) with flexible Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) fabric. Although such heterogeneous systems are well suited for high-end, mixed-hardware/software real-time pipelines, they also offer more complex performance/energy trade-offs than software-only platforms. To systematically exploit this complexity, we present a resource-efficient trace IP core for the pSoC’s fabric and an external measurement/interface system – jointly capturing hybrid power/state traces for subsequent (i.e., offline) analysis. By fusing state data from our IP core with events-of-interest gathered from power traces of pSoC and co-monitored I/O components, we gain a holistic view on temporal RTS aspects. Events and synchronized multi-rail power data jointly extend the debugging coverage via automated identification of processing phases, computation of energy baselines, and estimation of potential savings. Our solution thus integrates functional, temporal and energy monitoring into a single, unified workflow, which, in contrast to traditional separate tools, delivers valuable new insights helpful during debugging and reduces both cost and effort. Experimental evaluations on a Zynq-based Visual Servoing System show the method’s various benefits.
Timing of Autonomous Driving Software: Problem Analysis and Prospects for Future Solutions

The software used to implement advanced functionalities in critical domains (e.g. autonomous operation) impairs software timing. This is not only due to the complexity of the underlying high-performance hardware deployed to provide the required levels of computing performance, but also due to the complexity, non-deterministic nature, and huge input space of the artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms used. In this paper, we focus on Apollo, an industrial-quality Autonomous Driving (AD) software framework: we statistically characterize its observed execution time variability and reason on the sources behind it. We discuss the main challenges and limitations in finding a satisfactory software timing analysis solution for Apollo and also show the main traits for the acceptability of statistical timing analysis techniques as a feasible path. While providing a consolidated solution for the software timing analysis of Apollo is a huge effort far beyond the scope of a single research paper, our work aims to set the basis for future and more elaborated techniques for the timing analysis of AD software.
Sleep position and bed-sharing in sudden infant deaths: an examination of autopsy findings.

OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of sleep position, sleep location, and bed-sharing on the incidence of sudden unexpected death in infancy and the frequency of significant autopsy findings. METHODS We evaluated the cause of death in infants <1 year of age who died during sleep from January 1, 1986, through September 30, 1999. This retrospective series was compiled from log books and files of the Medical Examiner Office, Palm Beach County, Florida. RESULTS The incidence of sudden unexpected infant death decreased 50% over the study period (P <.01). Of the 217 infants that fit the study criteria, 62.7% were sleeping prone (on the stomach), 9.7% were supine (on the back), 5.5% were on their side, 22.1% were in an unknown position, and 40.1% were bed-sharing. Significant autopsy findings that could explain death were documented by autopsy in 37.5% of all supine and side sleeping infants and only 14.0% of all prone sleeping infants (P <.001). Deaths of supine and side sleeping infants were more likely to be classified as a natural disease process other than sudden infant death syndrome (P <.01). Significant autopsy findings that could explain death were found in 47.6% of the infants sleeping alone in the supine or side position (P <.01), 18.2% of infants bed-sharing in the supine or side position, 16.5% of infants sleeping alone while prone, and 9.3% of infants bed-sharing while prone. CONCLUSIONS Infant deaths associated with the prone position were less frequently explained by illness or disease than infant deaths associated with non-prone sleeping positions. Bed-sharing appears to increase the proportion of unexplained deaths, regardless of the position of the infant. The "Back to Sleep" campaign appears to be effective in reducing the incidence of unexpected sleeping infant deaths regardless of the certified cause of death.
Novel Voltage Balancing Control Strategy for Dual-Active-Bridge Input-Series-Output-Parallel DC-DC Converters

This paper proposes a novel input voltage balancing control strategy for dual-active-bridge (DAB) input-series-output-parallel (ISOP) DC-DC converters. The proposed strategy not only aims at balancing the input voltage among modules but also at eliminating the coupling effect between input voltage sharing regulators (IVSR) and output voltage regulators (OVR). Specifically, this paper reveals it is too complicated to design a decoupling control structure that can eliminate the dynamic interference of IVSRs to OVRs by using traditional control strategies. Thus, an intermediate control variable, which was adjusted by the IVSR and OVR to simplify the decoupling control structure design, was introduced to calculate the phase-shift ratio. Furthermore, a new control law was derived, and an expression for the intermediate control variable modification was proposed to achieve decoupling control. Moreover, to complete the discussion, the main transfer functions were deduced and the design procedure was illustrated. Based on the novel control strategy, the interference of an IVSR to an OVR was eliminated, so the two controllers can be independently designed. Finally, both the simulation and experimental results were used to verify the performance of the novel control strategy.