Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
El sector exterior español resiste a la crisis económica. La pyme como factor clave para la recuperación

A pesar de la crisis de 2008 y del debilitamiento de la demanda nacional, la evolucion del PIB espanol durante los ultimos anos refleja la importancia que han tenido las exportaciones, las cuales han sostenido el crecimiento del mismo tras la crisis y se identifican como el impulsor de la economia espanola actual. Prueba de ello son los incrementos de actividad industrial por medio de exportaciones en los sectores de bienes de equipo, el automovil y la alimentacion. Este aumento de las exportaciones por parte de las pequenas y medianas empresas se sostiene al mejorar la competitividad internacional de las mismas, gracias a una serie de factores que han influido de manera positiva, como son la existencia de un mercado laboral mas flexible o los menores indices de precios industriales. Estos datos prueban que la recuperacion y crecimiento de la economia espanola se deben basar en la pyme y en estrategias para su internacionalizacion, que conlleve, a su vez, un aumento de creacion de empleo, mayor confianza del consumidor nacional y, por ello, mayor consumo interno.
Proteomic analysis of urinary biomarker candidates for nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer

Nonmuscle invasive tumors of the bladder often recur and thereby bladder cancer patients need regular re‐examinations which are invasive, unpleasant, and expensive. A noninvasive and less expensive method, e.g. a urine dipstick test, for monitoring recurrence would thus be advantageous. In this study, the complementary techniques mass spectrometry (MS) and Western blotting (WB)/dot blot (DB) were used to screen the urine samples from bladder cancer patients. High resolving MS was used to analyze and quantify the urinary proteome and 29 proteins had a significantly higher abundance (p<0.05) in bladder cancer samples compared with control urine samples. The increased abundance found in urine from bladder cancer patients compared with controls was confirmed with Western blot for four selected proteins; fibrinogen β chain precursor, apolipoprotein E, α‐1‐antitrypsin, and leucine‐rich α‐2‐glycoprotein 1. Dot blot analysis of an independent urine sample set pointed out fibrinogen β chain and α‐1‐antitrypsin as most interesting biomarkers having sensitivity and specificity values in the range of 66–85%. Exploring the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) also revealed that bladder cancer tumors are the likely source of these proteins. They have the potential of being useful in diagnosis, monitoring of recurrence and thus may improve the treatment of bladder tumors, especially nonmuscle invasive tumors.
Abertura externa e liberalização financeira: impactos sobre crescimento e distribuição no Brasil dos anos 90

Analisa os impactos sobre o crescimento economico e o perfil distributivo na economia brasileira nos anos 90, apos a implementacao de uma estrategia neoliberal de desenvolvimento ao longo dessa decada. Em termos especificos, objetiva-se mostrar que a abertura comercial e a liberalizacao financeira externa provocaram o aumento da fragilidade financeira e da vulnerabilidade da economia do pais, definindo uma restricao externa ao crescimento ao longo do periodo, e uma maior suscetibilidade a ocorrencia de crises de balanco de pagamentos. Em segundo lugar, o trabalho procura testar a hipotese convencional, segundo a qual a abertura externa tenderia a melhorar o perfil distributivo do pais, observando indicadores tradicionais de concentracao de renda, mas tambem os impactos da abertura sobre a distribuicao funcional da renda, a estrutura do mercado de trabalho e a concentracao de riqueza no pais.
Evolutionarily diverse SYP1 Qa‐SNAREs jointly sustain pollen tube growth in Arabidopsis

Intracellular membrane fusion is effected by SNARE proteins that reside on adjacent membranes and form bridging trans-SNARE complexes. Qa-SNARE members of the Arabidopsis SYP1 family are involved in membrane fusion at the plasma membrane or during cell plate formation. Three SYP1 family members have been classified as pollen-specific as inferred from gene expression profiling studies, and two of them, SYP124 and SYP125, are confined to angiosperms. The SYP124 gene appears genetically unstable, whereas its sister gene SYP125 shows essentially no variation among Arabidopsis accessions. The third pollen-specific member SYP131 is sister to SYP132, which appears evolutionarily conserved in the plant lineage. Although evolutionarily diverse, the three SYP1 proteins are functionally overlapping in that only the triple mutant syp124 syp125 syp131 shows a specific and severe male gametophytic defect. While pollen development and germination appear normal, pollen tube growth is arrested during passage through the style. Our results suggest that angiosperm pollen tubes employ a combination of ancient and modern Qa-SNARE proteins to sustain their growth-promoting membrane dynamics during the reproductive process.
Optical Frequency Metrology Study on Nonlinear Processes in a Waveguide Device for Ultrabroadband Comb Generation

Waveguide-based devices are essential for highly efficient nonlinear optical conversion. However, the nonlinearity associated with the conversion in such devices is not self-evident. The authors present a method using optical frequency metrology to reveal the nonlinearity inside a waveguide, and establish that the spectral broadening in a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide is due to quadratic nonlinearity. They also demonstrate absolute frequency measurement using the generated ultrabroadband comb. This study will contribute to the design of chip-scale, fully integrated devices for efficient nonlinear optical conversion.
Host adaptation and unexpected symbiont partners enable reef‐building corals to tolerate extreme temperatures

Understanding the potential for coral adaptation to warming seas is complicated by interactions between symbiotic partners that define stress responses and the difficulties of tracking selection in natural populations. To overcome these challenges, we characterized the contribution of both animal host and symbiotic algae to thermal tolerance in corals that have already experienced considerable warming on par with end‐of‐century projections for most coral reefs. Thermal responses in Platygyra daedalea corals from the hot Persian Gulf where summer temperatures reach 36°C were compared with conspecifics from the milder Sea of Oman. Persian Gulf corals had higher rates of survival at elevated temperatures (33 and 36°C) in both the nonsymbiotic larval stage (32–49% higher) and the symbiotic adult life stage (51% higher). Additionally, Persian Gulf hosts had fixed greater potential to mitigate oxidative stress (31–49% higher) and their Symbiodinium partners had better retention of photosynthetic performance under elevated temperature (up to 161% higher). Superior thermal tolerance of Persian Gulf vs. Sea of Oman corals was maintained after 6‐month acclimatization to a common ambient environment and was underpinned by genetic divergence in both the coral host and symbiotic algae. In P. daedalea host samples, genomewide SNP variation clustered into two discrete groups corresponding with Persian Gulf and Sea of Oman sites. Symbiodinium within host tissues predominantly belonged to ITS2 rDNA type C3 in the Persian Gulf and type D1a in the Sea of Oman contradicting patterns of Symbiodinium thermal tolerance from other regions. Our findings provide evidence that genetic adaptation of both host and Symbiodinium has enabled corals to cope with extreme temperatures in the Persian Gulf. Thus, the persistence of coral populations under continued warming will likely be determined by evolutionary rates in both, rather than single, symbiotic partners.
Assessment on antioxidant and in vitro antidiabetes activities of different fractions of Citrus hystrix peel.

The effect of solvent polarity during fractionation of ethanolic extract of Citrus hystrix peel for its antioxidative and antidiabetic activity was investigated. Dried Citrus hystrix peel was soaked in ethanol solution and the extract was subsequently fractionated with solvents possesses different polarity, followed by solvent evaporation to obtain the hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction and water residue. Antioxidative activity of each part was examined by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-pycryl-hydrazil (DPPH) and metal chelating activity assay. Two different assays to assess the antidiabetic potential have been performed by using α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Both the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities were presented as IC50. The IC50 of DPPH scavenging ability observed in the hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction and water residue were found 2.368, 0.029, and 1.080 mg/mL, respectively. The highest metal chelating activity was also exhibited by ethyl acetate fraction with the IC50 value of 0.117 mg/mL. The same fraction also demonstrated the highest activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase during antidiabetes tests with the IC50 values were detected 0.087 and 0.49 mg/mL, respectively. Preliminary phytochemical screening performed on each fraction indicates the presence of some potent phytochemical constituents with different extents. The finding suggests ethyl acetate is the best solvent to extract antioxidant and antidiabetic compounds from the extract. More phytochemicals detected in ethyl acetate fractions compared to other fractions may contribute to both activities.
Droplet and Dielectrophoresis deposition of single-wall carbon nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes present remarkable characteristics as sensitive layer for a broad area of sensors-based applications (e.g. gas sensors for environmental monitoring, sensors for bioaffinity assays, DNA sensors). In the last years, the possibility to implement nanotubes as interface for improving the adhesion properties between cell and Microelectrode Arrays (MEAs) in electrophysiological assays (e.g. neuronal cells line) has been also proposed. In this field different applications require selecting the most suitable and well characterized methodologies for nanotube deposition and growth. In this aim, an important task is to guarantee at the meantime lifetime, device reproducibility and reduced dispersion effects after a nanotubes deposition procedure. This is a key factor if a fabrication technology has to be selected and implemented in a device batch production perspective. In spite of tremendous efforts done in this field at the present state-of-the-art this still is an open issue. We report our approach to synthesis and characterization of SWNTs, and two different methodologies for CNT deposition, aimed to be implemented in a micro-fabrication process for a large series production of micro-devices. Gas sensors and MEAs have been proposed as technological platforms to evaluate the reported methodologies. Future works will be addressed to the optimization of the full cycle of the device microfabrication line.
Absolute position measurement system for mobile robot based on incident angle detection of infrared light

To measure an absolute position of a mobile robot by external observation, many methods using vision system have been proposed. In these methods, a camera is mounted on a ceiling, etc., and a robot is detected by analyzing captured images from the camera. However, to construct distributed sensing system which is flexible for various environments, it becomes important to develop simpler observation device. In this paper, we propose new position measurement system for a mobile robot based on an incident angle detection of infrared light. Infrared light sources are mounted on a robot as markers. An observation device mounted on a ceiling measures only incident angles of infrared light from markers and calculates positions of the robot. After a procedure of geometrical calculation concerned with a position and an orientation of a robot based on measured incident angles, implementations of devices to transmit and receive infrared light are described. Finally, a performance of proposed method is shown through experiments concerned with position and orientation measurements.
Epithelial cell kinetics--A review of methods of study and their application to oral mucosa in health and disease. Part A. Methods for studying cell proliferation and some sources of variation.

Despite extensive investigation of cell kinetic parameters in wide range of normal and abnormal tissues and their potential value in understanding the pathogenesis of many disease states, as well as in prognosis and treatment planning, their application to oral epithelia remains limited. In part A the methods most commonly applied to the study of epithelial cell kinetics, i.e., isotope labelling, mitotic arrest and flow cytophotorimetry are reviewed with special emphasis on their technical limitations, sources of variation and inapplicability to humans in vivo. The ability of in vitro methods to reliably reproduce in vivo cell kinetic parameters is also considered. The application of cell kinetic studies to normal and abnormal oral tissues will be discussed in part B.
Alcohol dehydrogenase polymorphisms influence alcohol-elimination rates in a male Jewish population.

BACKGROUND Genetic variation in the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzyme is associated with an aversion to alcohol and a lower risk of alcoholism among Asians. There is growing evidence of a functional role of the ADH2*2 allele in alcohol-drinking patterns among Jews, who have traditionally exhibited low rates of alcoholism and alcohol-related problems. The mechanism by which this allelic effect is mediated is not yet clearly understood. This study examined the effect of ADH2*2 on alcohol-elimination rates (AER) under experimental conditions. METHODS Young adult male Jews (N = 109) received an intravenous alcohol infusion; metabolism was measured by using standard breath alcohol concentration tests. A clamping technique was used to achieve and maintain a target breath alcohol concentration of 50 mg/100 ml for a defined time period. The AER at steady state was calculated. The alcohol disappearance rate was also calculated from the descending limb slope. Polymerase chain reaction was used for allelic determination of the ADH2 and ADH3 loci. RESULTS The mean AER among ADH2*2 carriers was significantly higher (8.09 +/- 1.4 g/hr) than among ADH2*1 homozygotes (7.14 +/- 1.5 g/hr; p = 0.003). Significance was retained on adjustment for potential confounding covariates. The ADH2 allele explains 8.5% of the AER variance in this population. Little AER difference was observed across ADH3 genotype groups. The slope of the descending limb increased with increasing copies of the ADH2*2 allele. CONCLUSIONS The rate of alcohol elimination is significantly associated with the ADH2 genotype of Jewish males. Evidence for variation in alcohol metabolism across ADH genotypic groups provides support for the role of physiologic protective factors in alcohol drinking and suggests that reduced drinking among Jews may be genetically as well as environmentally determined. We believe that application of the novel "Indiana clamp" enhances AER measurement accuracy, allowing for detection of hitherto undetectable differences.
Homosexuality in men and number of older brothers.

OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether homosexual men have a higher mean birth order than heterosexual men primarily because they have more older brothers or because they have more older siblings of both sexes. METHOD For the main analyses, 302 heterosexual men were individually matched on year of birth with an equal number of heterosexual men. Each completed a self-administered, anonymous questionnaire concerning family background and other biodemographic information. RESULTS Logistic regression analysis showed that homosexuality was positively correlated with the proband's number of older brothers but not with older sisters, younger brothers, younger sisters, or parental age at the time of the proband's birth. Each additional older brother increased the odds of homosexuality by 33%. CONCLUSIONS These results restrict the range of possible theories of the birth order phenomenon to those that can explain not only why older brothers increase the probability of homosexuality in later-born males but also why older sisters neither enhance this effect nor counteract it.
A Macro Look at the Microbiome

If there’s one topic piquing the attention of scientists, nutraceutical formulators, and big pharma alike, it’s the study of the human microbiome. Here lies an area that holds so much promise, from immuneand digestive-health implications to those impacting cognitive health, longevity, and more. But, like all areas of science in the infancy stage, its opportunities are matched only by its challenges.
Differentiated Responses to Different Human Conditions by Chimpanzees

Chimpanzees' responses to human conditions were investigated. In the experimental condition, the experimenter pretended to injure the index finger, and in the control condition, the experimenter smiled and waved her hand to the chimpanzees. Although looking behavior was observed in both conditions, there was a difference in these types of behavior. Subjects seemed to concentrate their gaze on the experimenter's behavior in the experimental condition. The finding suggests the possibility that such different behaviors may be a basis for empathic behavior similar to that of human infants
Mitochondrial Fusion Intermediates Revealed in Vitro

The events that occur during the fusion of double-membraned mitochondria are unknown. As an essential step toward determining the mechanism of mitochondrial fusion, we have captured this event in vitro. Mitochondrial outer and inner membrane fusion events were separable and mechanistically distinct, but both required guanosine 5′-triphosphate hydrolysis. Homotypic trans interactions of the ancient outer transmembrane guanosine triphosphatase, Fzo1, were required to promote the fusion of mitochondrial outer membranes, whereas electrical potential was also required for fusion of inner membranes. Our conclusions provide fundamental insights into the molecular events driving mitochondrial fusion and advance our understanding of the evolution of mitochondrial fusion in eukaryotic cells.
Analysis of a three-phase in-wheel electric motor

This paper presents the analytical study, finite element model, and experimental tests on a three-phase surface-mounted permanent magnet (SPM) synchronous motor designed for the wheel of a hybrid vehicle. The paper focuses on the machine design process so as to achieve the maximum torque-to-current and torque-to-volume ratio. Combining finite element simulations and analytical model, the final solution is obtained as a com-promise between conflicting values. The measurements on a SPM motor prototype confirm the results obtained by means of the developed analysis.
Randomized blinded trial of standardized written patient information before total knee arthroplasty

Background The effect of patient education before total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is controversial. No consensus exists about the optimal content of educational interventions. In a previous study, we developed and validated an educational booklet on the peri-TKA management of knee osteoarthritis. Purposes Our primary purpose was to evaluate the impact of the educational booklet on knowledge among patients awaiting TKA. Patients and methods This randomized controlled single-blind trial evaluated standard information by the surgeon with or without delivery of the educational booklet 4–6 weeks before primary noncomplex TKA in patients aged 55–75 years with incapacitating knee osteoarthritis. Patients were enrolled at a French surgical center between June 2011 and January 2012. A patient knowledge score was determined at baseline, on the day before TKA, and 3–6 weeks after TKA, using a self-administered questionnaire developed for our previous study. The assessor was blinded to group assignment. Results Of 44 eligible patients, 42 were randomized, 22 to the intervention and 20 to the control group, all of whom were included in the analysis. The groups were comparable at baseline. The intervention was associated with significantly better patient knowledge scores. Conclusions An educational booklet improves knowledge among patients awaiting TKA. A study assessing the impact of the booklet combined with a exercise program would be helpful. Level of evidence Level I, randomized controlled double-blind trial; see S1 CONSORT Checklist. Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov #NCT01747759
Development of Co-aggregated Cells as Bioinoculants Using Plant Seed Powders - A Novel Delivery System for Rice Grown under Lowland Condition

Summary Co-aggregation was attempted in Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS-571 with other agriculturally important microorganisms such as Azospirillum brasilense MTCC-125, Azotobacter chroococcum MTCC-446, Bacillus megatherium MTCC-3353, and Pseudomonas fl uorescens MTCC-4828 to develop coaggregates with multiple benefi ts using seed powders of diff erent plants viz., Moringa oleifera, Strychnos potatorum and Sappindus emaignatus. Among the diff erent treatments evaluated, the combination of Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS-571 and Azospirillum brasilense MTCC-125 with the plant seed powder of Moringa oleifera recorded the maximum co-aggregation of cells to the tune of 96.8%. Th e co-aggregates were also studied for their phyto-stimulatory eff ect such as seed vigour, plant height, plant dry weight, plant N content and endophytic colonization of A. caulinodans ORS-571 in rice var. ADT 43 grown under in vitro conditions. Th e co-aggregates of A. caulinodans and A. brasilense were found to be superior in positively augmenting the characters studied above.
Extramedullary erythropoiesis in human liver grafts

Extramedullary erythropoiesis in the adult is very rare and is generally confined to situations of severe bone marrow irritation or replacement. In this study, we describe the occurrence of intrahepatic erythropoiesis in patients who have received a liver allograft and who have no evidence of bone marrow dysfunction. By routinely performed transplant aspiration cytology (TAC), marked intrahepatic erythropoiesis could be detected in 39 of 312 patients (12.5%) with liver allograft. In 19 patients, including 5 of 8 (63%) after combined liver and kidney transplantation, intrahepatic erythropoiesis occurred within the first 3 weeks after surgery. Twenty patients showed intrahepatic erythropoiesis between 3 weeks and 4 months after transplantation. Erythropoiesis was usually transient, lasting between 1 and 3 weeks. Cytologically, mature as well as immature erythroblasts of GlyA+ CD36+ CD45− phenotype could be detected in the grafts, whereas they were absent in blood; histologically, the cells could be localized to the sinusoids of the liver. There was no clear correlation of preoperative or postoperative hemoglobin levels, graft function, kidney function, and immunosuppressive medication with the presence or absence of erythropoiesis. Moreover, serum levels of erythropoietin (EPO) and stem cell factor (SCF) in patients with and without intrahepatic erythropoiesis in the early postoperative phase did not show significant differences. These findings show that intrahepatic erythropoiesis can occur transiently in human liver allografts and suggest that systemic stimuli as well as local factors may contribute to it.