Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
FitnessGram Assessment Results in Five Rural Counties of Georgia

Background: ​Childhood obesity continues to be more prevalent in the United States (US) than ever before. Youth who reside in rural areas tend to experience higher risks of obesity and overweight status, mainly due to barriers to physical activity. Even though the US federal government has mandated a daily requirement of physical activity for all school-age children, the majority of youth from rural communities tend to not achieve the recommended Health Fitness Zone (HFZ) goals. Methods: T​he FITNESSGRAM is the instrument that has been used to measure and report students’ physical activity and body mass index (BMI) based on the Georgia Student Health and Physical Education Partnership (SHAPE) program recommendations. We examined BMI and aerobic activity measurements for students in 8 schools located in rural middle Georgia to determine their HFZ participation rates and achievement. The total students who participated in the aerobic capacity assessment was 1,068 (from 6 middle schools and 2 high schools) and the total who participated in the BMI assessment was 1,097 (from 5 middle schools and 2 high schools). Results: ​Overall, the majority of the schools were below 50% of the recommended goals. Conclusions: ​Additional initiatives are needed to address rural school compliance with federal and state policy recommendations and the low levels of physical activity among rural school-age children.
Reinforcement Learning Meets Wireless Networks: A Layering Perspective

Driven by the soaring traffic demand and the growing diversity of mobile services, wireless networks are evolving to be increasingly dense and heterogeneous. Accordingly, in such large-scale and complicated wireless networks, optimal controlling is reaching unprecedented levels of complexity while its traditional solutions of handcrafted offline algorithms become inefficient due to high complexity, low robustness, and high overhead. Therefore, reinforcement learning (RL), which enables network entities to learn from their actions and consequences in the interactive network environment, attracts significant attention. In this article, we comprehensively review the applications of RL in wireless networks from a layering perspective. First, we present an overview of the principle, fundamentals, and several advanced models of RL. Then, we review the up-to-date applications of RL in various functionality blocks of different network layers, ranging from the low-level physical layer to the high-level application layer. Finally, we outline a broad spectrum of challenges, open issues, and future research directions of RL-empowered wireless networks.
Influence of Chute Exit Velocity and Fescue Toxicosis on Steer Grazing and Finishing Growth, Immune Responses, and Carcass Characteristics

Mixed breed steers (n=120) from 3 sources were weighed and evaluated for exit velocity. Steers were assigned an exit velocity treatment (high/low; based on relative ranking in measured exit velocities within source), and assigned to either toxic endophyte or novel endophyte tall fescue pastures (n=20 pastures; 6 animals/pasture) blocked by source with equal representation of exit velocity treatments in each pasture. Pasture groups were randomly assigned to a control or glucomannan supplement. Following grazing, steers were transitioned to drylot pens (n=40 pens) for finishing after 110d on pasture and harvested at approximately 681 kg. Drylot pen assignment was established by placing steers of the same exit velocity treatment within each pasture in the same pen, and steers were fed a corn-based finishing diet. Blood was collected on d110, 124, and 138 for evaluation of peripheral lymphocyte interferon-γ production, with additional blood collected on d138 to measure Leptospirosis pomona titer response. Supplementation did not affect responses (P>0.10). Finishing and carcass data were analyzed as a 2 × 2 factorial (endophyte and exit velocity treatments). Steers on toxic endophyte pasture had lower grazing average daily gain (P<0.01) and higher finishing average daily gain (P=0.07) and gain:feed ratios (P<0.01). Low exit velocity steers consumed more dry matter (P=0.06) but had lower gain: feed ratios (P=0.01) over the finishing period. Steers grazing toxic endophyte fescue had higher titer responses to Leptospirosis pomona (P=0.09), but peripheral lymphocyte interferonγ production was not different (P ≥ 0.25) between endophyte or exit velocity treatments. Analysis of carcass data detected higher kidney, pelvic, and heart fat for toxic endophyte steers (P=0.05), and low exit velocity steers had higher final yield grades (P=0.10). No other carcass differences were detected. These data indicate previous exposure to toxic endophyte tall fescue may lead to compensatory growth during finishing and that effects of exit velocity on intake, efficiency, and growth may be more complex than previously recognized.
The relation between anxiety and functional constipation: A multicenter study in Iranian medical interns

Background: Functional constipation and its-related predisposing factors are so frequent among medical staff. The aim of study: To determine the prevalence of functional constipation and its relation to psychological disorders among Iranian medical interns. Methods: This multicenter, cross-sectional study was performed on 369 medical interns working at 5 main educational hospitals affiliated by universities of medical sciences in Iran during 2016-2017. The questionnaires related to the ROME criteria definitive for functional constipation were raised to confirm or reject definitive diagnosis of disease. To assess depression, anxiety and stress status of the participants, it was used the Persian version of the DASS-21 questionnaire that was previously validated by the Iranian researchers. Results: Overall, the prevalence of functional constipation in medical interns was 26.3%; and was more frequent in female gender (p=0.043). It was not related to depression in cases (p=0.1) or baseline parameters (marital status, body mass index, severity of depression, or degree of stress status). But was related to severity of anxiety (p=0.004) and irregular eating breakfast (p=0.041); deliberately ignoring defecation (p=0.010). Conclusion: It can be concluded high prevalence of functional constipation in medical interns especially in female gender, cases with low rate of eating breakfast, and deliberately ignoring defecation all might indicate the major role for anxiety in functional constipation in Iranian medical interns. Thus, the psychologic consults programs for modifying the anxiety in cases with functional constipation might be helpful.
Gene Expression Correlates of the Cortical Network Underlying Sentence Processing

A pivotal question in modern neuroscience is which genes regulate brain circuits that underlie cognitive functions. However, the field is still in its infancy. Here we report an integrated investigation of the high-level language network (i.e., sentence processing network) in the human cerebral cortex, combining regional gene expression profiles, task fMRI, and resting-state functional network approaches. We revealed reliable gene expression-functional network correlations using multiple datasets and network definition strategies, and identified a consensus set of genes related to connectivity within the sentence-processing network. The genes involved showed enrichment for neural development functions, as well as association signals with autism, which can involve disrupted language functioning. Our findings help elucidate the molecular basis of the brain’s infrastructure for language. The integrative approach described here will be useful to study other complex cognitive traits.
Integrated contra-directional coupler for NV-centers photon filtering

We modelled an integrated optical contra-directional coupler on silicon nitride platform. Performance of the filter was studied depending on different parameters, including the grating period and the height of teeth of the Bragg grating near 637 nm operation wavelength. The obtained results can be used for a design and fabrication of quantum photonic integrated circuits with on-chip single-photon NV-centers in nanodiamonds.
Taxonomic notes on Tabanidae from south India with special reference to Western Ghats

Faunistic studies on Tabanidae along Western Ghats covering Belagavi division, Karnataka, India revealed the presence of 20 species of Tabanidae viz. Tabanus indianus Ricardo, Tabanus biannularis Philip, Tabanus diversifrons Ricardo, Tabanus sexcinctus Ricardo, Tabanus gertrudae Philip, Tabanus triceps Thunberg, Tabanus dorsilinea Wiedemann, Tabanus rubidus Wiedemann, Tabanus jucundus Walker, Tabanus auristriatus Ricardo, Tabanus tenebrosus, Walker, Haematopota montana Ricardo, Haematopota javana Wiedemann, Haematopota longipennis Stone and Philip, Haematopota brevis Ricardo, Haematopota albimedia Stone and Philip, Chrysops dispar Fabricius, Chrysops pellucidus Fabricius, Atylotus virgo Wiedemann, Philoliche taprobanes Walker. Among the 20 species, seven species are proven vectors for Surra, Anthrax, Anaplasma marginale, Buffalo sickness and Pasteurella multocida in domestic and wild animals. Tabanus jucundus Walker, 1848 was recorded for the first time from Karnataka.
Macrophage, But Not Systemic, Apolipoprotein E Is Necessary for Macrophage Reverse Cholesterol Transport In Vivo

Objective—To assess the role of apolipoprotein (apo) E in macrophage reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) in vivo. Methods and Results—ApoE exerts an antiatherosclerotic activity by regulating lipoprotein metabolism and promoting cell cholesterol efflux. We discriminated between macrophage and systemic apoE contribution using an assay of macrophage RCT in mice. The complete absence of apoE lead to an overall impairment of the process and, similarly, the absence of apoE exclusively in macrophages resulted in the reduction of cholesterol mobilization from macrophages to plasma, liver, and feces. Conversely, expression of apoE in macrophages is sufficient to promote normal RCT even in apoE-deficient mice. The mechanisms accounting for these results were investigated by evaluating the first step of RCT (ie, cholesterol efflux from cells). Macrophages isolated from apoE-deficient mice showed a reduced ability to release cholesterol into the culture medium, whereas the apoB-depleted plasma from apoE-deficient an.
Rapid energy expenditure estimation for assisted and inclined loaded walking

Background Estimating energy expenditure with indirect calorimetry requires expensive equipment and provides slow and noisy measurements. Rapid estimates using wearable sensors would enable techniques like optimizing assistive devices outside a lab. Existing methods correlate data from wearable sensors to measured energy expenditure without evaluating the accuracy of the estimated energy expenditure for activity conditions or subjects not included in the correlation process. Our goal is to assess data-driven models that are capable of rapidly estimating energy expenditure for new conditions and subjects. Methods We developed models that estimated energy expenditure from two datasets during walking conditions with (1) ankle exoskeleton assistance and (2) various loads and inclines. The estimation was portable and rapid, using input features that are possible to measure with wearable sensors and restricting the input data length to a single gait cycle or four second interval. The performance of the models was evaluated for three use cases. The first case estimated energy expenditure during walking conditions for subjects with some subject specific training data available. The second case estimated all conditions in the dataset for a new subject not included in the training data. The third case estimated new conditions for a new subject. The models also ordered the magnitude of energy expenditure across all conditions for a new subject. Results The average errors in energy expenditure estimation during assisted walking conditions were 4.4%, 8.0%, and 8.1% for the three use cases, respectively. The average errors in energy expenditure estimation during inclined and loaded walking conditions were 6.1%, 9.7%, and 11.7% for the three use cases. The models ordered the magnitude of energy expenditure with a maximum and average percentage of correctly ordered conditions of 56% and 43% for assisted walking and 85% and 55% for incline and loaded walking. Conclusions Our data-driven models determined the accuracy of energy expenditure estimation for three use cases. For experiments where the accuracy of a data-driven model is sufficient, standard indirect calorimetry can be replaced. The energy expenditure ordering could aid in selecting optimal assistance conditions. The models, code, and datasets are provided for reproduction and extension of our results.
Distribution of the stx1 and stx2 genes in Escherichia coli isolated from milk cattle according to season, age, and production scale in southwestern region of Goiás, Brazil

ABSTRACT This study determined the distribution of stx1 and stx2 genes in Escherichia coli isolated from dairy herds with regard to animal age, season, and farm production-scale, and analyzed the phylogenetic distribution of the groups A, B1, B2, and D of 276 isolates of bovine feces Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). The stx1 profile was the most common, detected in 20.4% (202/990) of the isolates, followed by stx2 (4.54%, 45/990) and stx1+stx2 (2.92%, 29/990). The stx1 gene was detected more frequently in calves than in adult animals. In the dry season (winter), the presence of stx1+stx2 profile in cattle feces was higher than in the rainy season (summer), while no significant changes were observed between seasons for the stx1 and stx2 profiles. The most predominant phylogenetic groups in adult animals were B1, A, and D, while groups A and B1 prevailed in calves. Our data highlight the importance of identifying STEC reservoirs, since 7.5% of the tested isolates were positive for stx2, the main profile responsible for the hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). Moreover, these microorganisms are adapted to survive even in hostile environments and can contaminate the food production chain, posing a significant risk to consumers of animal products.
VASOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF PHYSALIS ANGULATA L. LEAF WATER EXTRACT ON KIDNEY OF NΩ-NITRO-L-ARGININE METHYL ESTER-INDUCED ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION RAT MODEL

Objective: This study was to investigate the effect of Physalis angulata L. leaf water extract on vascular rarefaction, oxidative stress, and inflammation on the kidney of Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced male Wistar rats.Methods: A total of 25 male Wistar rats were divided into five equal groups (normal control: 40 mg/kg/day of normal saline; L-NAME group; and treatments I, II, and III: L-NAME plus P. angulata L. leaf water extract doses 500 mg/kg/day, 1500 mg/kg/day, and 2500 mg/kg/day, respectively). Endothelial dysfunction was induced by 40 mg/kg/day L-NAME intraperitoneally. The treatment lasts for 15 days. Vascular rarefaction was indicated by the decrease in vascular density, which considered as vascular number per high-power field in hematoxylin-eosin staining preparation. Kidney oxidative stress test was performed by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) level with thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay. The inflammatory marker was the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) expression which examined using an immunohistochemical method with an antibody against p65.Results: At the dose of 500 mg/kg/day and 1500 mg/kg/day, P. angulata leaf water extract supplementation increased the vascular density, decreased the MDA level, and decreased the NF-κB expression compared to the L-NAME group.Conclusion: The administration of P. angulata L. leaf water extract in particular concentration has a vasoprotective effect by preventing kidney vascular rarefaction, oxidative stress, and inflammation on L-NAME-induced male Wistar rat.
Male gametophyte development steps in Pistacia vera L.

Sadeghirad E, Majd A, Iranbakhsh A, Javanshah A. 2018. Male gametophyte development steps in Pistacia vera L. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 151-158. Salinity affects the growth and development of plant. It also affects the development steps of male gametophyte in pistachio plant. Pistachio (Pistachio vera) is a member of family Anacardiaceae and order Sapindales. To study the effects of salinity on those steps, an experiment was performed in two locations in Golshan Anar with commensurate circumstances, namely: a control area (A) which was well-irrigated with fresh water, and the other area (B) which was well-irrigated with salty water added with NaCl solution with EC values of 14 dS.m-1. The flowers sampling was done in two Golshan Anar regions on the springtime based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The development steps of male gametophyte in pistachio plant were observed using conventional cell histology techniques and light microscopy observations and were then contrasted with samples subjected to no salinity stress. The results represented that several steps of male gametophyte development are as follows: (1) the anther experiencing normal growth which is tetrasporangiate, (2) cytokinesis taking place simultaneously with meiosis in the microspore mother cell, the tetrahedral tetrads, (3) microspores being delivered after meiosis by microsporogenesis were more or less irregular in shape during the contraction period. Finally, the abnormal shape and structure of the number of cases reviewed in three replicates of pollens can be one of the significant factors influencing the decline in the product.
The Impact of Racial Microaggressions Across Educational Attainment for African Americans

While separate bodies of research have emerged regarding racial microaggressions in postsecondary settings and the relationship between race-related stressors and health outcomes for African Americans, there is a dearth of empirical investigations that test the effects of “general happiness,” “job satisfaction,” and race-related stress based on the educational attainment of African Americans. This study examines the experiences of 3,320 African Americans who participated in the National Survey of American Life (NSAL) conducted by the Program for Research on Black Americans at the University of Michigan. Using a multigroup structural equation modeling approach, findings suggest that experience with more racial microaggressions tends to lead to less general happiness. Furthermore, greater racial microaggressions lead to less job satisfaction regardless of educational attainment. Findings demonstrate that racial microaggressions are entrenched in many parts of society that impact the health and education of African Americans. Authors provide suggestions for addressing racial microaggressions and disrupting whiteness. Journal of Minority Achievement, Creativity, and Leadership, Vol. 1, No. 1, 2020 Copyright © 2020 The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA DOI: 10.5325/minoachicrealead.1. 1.0070 05_Smith_etal. indd 70 26/08/20 11:13 AM This content downloaded from 67.172. 228.60 on Fri, 28 Aug 2020 19:06:01 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor. org/terms 71 The Impact of Racial Microaggressions
Structures and Thermoelectric Properties of (GeTe)nBi2Te3

: In general, (GeTe) n (Bi 2 Te 3 ) m compounds in GeTe-Bi 2 Te 3 pseudo-binary system possess a relatively low thermal conductivity, however, the thermoelectric properties of these compounds have not been evaluated systematically. In this study, a series of single-phase (GeTe) n Bi 2 Te 3 ( n =10, 11, 12, 13, 14) compounds were prepared by a melting-quenching-annealing process combined with spark plasma sintering. The phase compositions and thermoelectrical properties of these samples were characterized. It is found that doping with Bi 2 Te 3 intensifies the phonon scattering and significantly reduces the lattice thermal conductivities of these samples, producing a low total thermal conductivity of 1.63 W·m –1 ·K –1 at 723 K for (GeTe) 13 Bi 2 Te 3 compound. Moreover, the effective mass of these compounds is enhanced through adjustment of the relative amount of Bi 2 Te 3 and GeTe. Therefore, the Seebeck coefficient and power factor of these samples remain superior even at high carrier concentration. At 723 K, the maximum power factor of (GeTe) 13 Bi 2 Te 3 compound is 2.88×10 –3 W·m –1 ·K –2 and the maximum ZT of (GeTe) 13 Bi 2 Te 3 is 1.27, which is 16% higher than that of pristine GeTe.
Prediction of heavy metal content in multivariate chaotic time series based on LSTM

Accurate mid-short term predictions of heavy metal content in the watershed is of practical significance as people pay more attention to the surrounding living environment. Traditional longterm short-term memory (LSTM) time series prediction models can only rely on existing data, but heavy metal content is affected by many factors. Therefore, the authors constructed multi-chaotic phase space by combining the heavy metal content of Daxia River Basin with temperature, daily runoff, and pH, presenting the complex realistic environment of heavy metal content in the Daxia River Basin. Subsequently, we optimized the input data of the LSTM prediction model and achieved more accurate mid-short-term prediction. The experiment results show that compared with the Volterra series one-step prediction and radial basis function neural network prediction, the LSTM model RMSE of phase space optimization is 0.0927, and MAE is 0.2102, which are superior to the other two prediction models. Therefore, this model has a better prediction effect on more complex system predictions.
Substitution Rate Analysis and Molecular Evolution

The study of the tempo and mode of molecular evolution has played a key role in evolutionary biology, both as a stimulant for theoretical enrichment and as the foundation of useful analytical tools. When protein and DNA sequences were first produced, the surprising constancy of rates of change brought molecular evolution into conflict with mainstream evolutionary biology, but also stimulated the formation of new theoretical understanding of the processes of genetic change, including the recognition of the role of neutral mutations and genetic drift in genomic evolution. As more data were collected, it became clear that there were systematic differences in the substitution rate between species, which prompted further elaboration of ideas such as the generation time effect and the nearly neutral theory. Comparing substitution rates between species continues to provide a window on fundamental evolutionary processes. However, investigating patterns of substitution rates requires attention to potential complicating factors such as the phylogenetic non-independence of rates estimates and the time-dependence of measurement error. This chapter compares different analytical approaches to study the tempo and mode of molecular evolution, and considers the way a richer biological understanding of the causes of variation in substitution rate might inform our attempts to use molecular data to uncover evolutionary history.
Congruent population genetic structure but differing depths of divergence for three alpine stoneflies with similar ecology and geographic distributions

1Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, U.S.A. 2U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center, Glacier National Park, West Glacier, MT, U.S.A. 3Department of Biology, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, U.S.A. 4Wyoming Natural Diversity Database, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, U.S.A. 5Department of Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, U.S.A. 6The Nature Conservancy, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A. 7Madison High School, Rexburg, ID, U.S.A. 8Flathead Lake Biological Station, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Polson, MT, U.S.A.