Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Image classification using weighted sparsity induced neighbors and label embeddings learning

In this paper, we consider the image classification problem. Unlike conventional local learning technique, a novel framework, which is based on the proposed sparsity induced neighbors (SINs) instead of widely used k nearest neighbors, is presented. Within this framework, the SINs of test image are training images associated with the nonzero entries in the sparse representation of test image, and they can be found by using kernel sparse coding algorithm. While its SINs are weighted properly, the test image can be classified as the category that is assigned the most weights. Moreover, we also apply the label embeddings learning in the framework, to model the similarity between categories and improve discriminative performance. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve state-of-the-art performance on three commonly-used datasets.
Differential response to low-fat diet between low and normal HDL-cholesterol subjects.

Heart attacks frequently occur in normolipidemic subjects with low concentration of high density lipoproteins (</=35 mg/dL). A low-fat diet is generally recommended to patients with coronary heart disease. A low-fat diet decreases both low density (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL). We have shown that on an Average American Diet, subjects with different HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels have different HDL subpopulation profiles. In low HDL-C subjects (</=35 mg/dL), the apoA-I-only subpopulation alpha(1) is significantly decreased compared to individuals with normal HDL-C levels (>35 mg/dL). We hypothesized that as subjects with low HDL-C already have low HDL concentrations, the major decrease of HDL-C will occur in subjects with normal HDL-C when a low-fat diet is consumed. Normolipidemic male subjects consumed three diets differing in total fat and saturated fat composition (AAD: 37%, Step-1: 28%, Step-2: 24% total fat) for 6 weeks in a three-period double-blind randomized crossover design. Plasma lipids and apolipoproteins were determined and changes in distribution of HDL subpopulations were evaluated. As a result of a low-fat diet, low HDL-C individuals slightly decreased their HDL-C, but substantially decreased their LDL-C resulting in a significant improvement in the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio. However, subjects with normal HDL-C levels decreased both their LDL-C and HDL-C resulting in an unchanged LDL-C/HDL-C ratio. We also observed significant differences in response to low-fat diets in HDL-C and alpha(1) concentrations between low and normal HDL-C subjects. In the normal HDL-C group, consumption of a low-fat diet also resulted in redistribution of apoA-I-containing HDL subpopulations, indicated by a decrease in the large apoA-I-only alpha(1) subpopulation. These data demonstrate that male subjects with low HDL-C respond to a low-fat diet differently than individuals with normal HDL-C.
The Road Less Traveled: HIV's Use of Alternative Routes through Cellular Pathways

ABSTRACT Pathogens such as HIV-1, with their minimalist genomes, must navigate cellular networks and rely on hijacking and manipulating the host machinery for successful replication. Limited overlap of host factors identified as vital for pathogen replication may be explained by considering that pathogens target, rather than specific cellular factors, crucial cellular pathways by targeting different, functionally equivalent, protein-protein interactions within that pathway. The ability to utilize alternative routes through cellular pathways may be essential for pathogen survival when restricted and provide flexibility depending on the viral replication stage and the environment in the infected host. In this minireview, we evaluate evidence supporting this notion, discuss specific HIV-1 examples, and consider the molecular mechanisms which allow pathogens to flexibly exploit different routes.
Unfolded Proteins Are Ire1-Activating Ligands That Directly Induce the Unfolded Protein Response

A newly synthesized secretory protein quality control pathway is activated by direct binding of misfolded proteins to a sensor in the endoplasmic reticulum. The unfolded protein response (UPR) detects the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and adjusts the protein-folding capacity to the needs of the cell. Under conditions of ER stress, the transmembrane protein Ire1 oligomerizes to activate its cytoplasmic kinase and ribonuclease domains. It is unclear what feature of ER stress Ire1 detects. We found that the core ER-lumenal domain (cLD) of yeast Ire1 binds to unfolded proteins in yeast cells and to peptides primarily composed of basic and hydrophobic residues in vitro. Mutation of amino acid side chains exposed in a putative peptide-binding groove of Ire1 cLD impaired peptide binding. Peptide binding caused Ire1 cLD oligomerization in vitro, suggesting that direct binding to unfolded proteins activates the UPR.
Serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations across the life span of laboratory‐housed rhesus monkeys

Cross‐sectional studies of humans have shown that dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) peaks shortly after sexual maturation and declines thereafter, suggesting that the progressive reduction in DHEAS may play a role in the aging process and in the development of age‐related morbidity. The present study examines changes in DHEAS concentrations across the life span of rhesus monkeys as part of the development of this primate model for studies of aging. Serum concentrations of DHEAS were measured in 792 laboratory‐housed rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) aged 0.5–36 years (527 females, 265 males). DHEAS concentrations in all monkeys were used to formulate an equation that describes two levels of decline of DHEAS with age. The most rapid decline occurs from infancy until approximately 5 years of age. The decline then occurs gradually with increasing age. There were no signs of an andrenarche just prior to sexual maturation, as is seen in humans or the great apes. This equation can be used to predict the expected mean serum DHEAS concentration and normal ranges of male or female rhesus monkeys at any age greater than 5 months.
Design of damping controller of interconnected power system via LMI approach

Wide-area Measurement System can retrieval the real time dynamic and static information of the large scale power system under the same time reference, helping to resolve the problems of the dynamic analysis and control for an interconnected power system, especially the low-frequency oscillation. However, communication delay is a non-ignorable factor for the stability of wide-area control. In this thesis, the dynamic model for interconnected power system considering the time delay was established, Simulation of large and small disturbance to a typical four-generator two-area testing system indicates that wide-area damping controller has a strong capability of damping area oscillation and good robustness even at the long wide-area signal time delay.
DISTRIBUCIÓN DE ESFUERZOS Y DESPLAZAMIENTOS EN CÓNDILO-DISCO DE LA ATM CON ELÁSTICOS CLASE III

Objetivo . Determinar la distribucion de esfuerzos y desplazamientos en el condilo disco de la ATM con el uso de elasticos clase III, de 5/16¨ con una fuerza de 150 gramos, mediante la simulacion por elementos finitos. Metodo . Se selecciono un sujeto de 38 anos de edad, sin sintomatologia articular y muscular, sin rehabilitacion, se obtuvo una tomografia computarizada y una resonancia magnetica, a partir de las cuales se realizaron dos reconstrucciones en 3D, de la cavidad glenoidea, disco articular, condilo mandibular y maxilar inferior. Resultados. Se observo en la cavidad glenoidea derecha un mayor esfuerzo y desplazamiento en la zona lateral y medial y en la izquierda un mayor esfuerzo y desplazamiento en la zona anterior y lateral. En el disco articular derecho un mayor esfuerzo en la zona medial externa y desplazamiento en la zona lateral, mientras que en el izquierdo el mayor esfuerzo se evidencio en la zona anterior y lateral y el desplazamiento en su cara posterior y lateral. En el condilo derecho se encontro un mayor esfuerzo en la cabeza condilar, evidenciandose una distribucion de esfuerzos desde la zona del polo medial hasta el lateral. Conclusiones . El patron de movimiento del maxilar inferior que se presenta con el uso de elasticos clase III puede estar influenciado por la morfologia de las estructuras articulares. El movimiento del maxilar inferior con el uso de elasticos clase III, podria favorecer o no alteraciones a nivel del condilo-disco, teniendo en cuenta la tolerancia estructural y la adaptacion biologica del sujeto.
Inherited Neurodegenerative Disorders Caused by CAG/Polyglutamine Tract Expansions: Symposium Introduction

At the beginning of this decade, the American Association of Neurology decided that the 1990's should be labelled “the decade of the brain” for expected advances in our understanding of neurological disorders and neuroscience. By the end of this decade, clinicians and researchers who work in the field of inherited neurological disorders might well remember the 1990's as “the decade of the trinucleotide repeat”. At the time of writing this introduction, eleven inherited neurological disorders have been found to be caused by expansions of trinucleotide repeats, and a twelfth trinucleotide repeat expansion mutation has been identified (6), although the gene containing this mutant triplet repeat has not been cloned to our knowledge (Table 1).
The Circuits-of-Power Framework for Studying Power in Institutionalization of Information Systems

This paper introduces an adaptation of the Circuits of Power, a framework for studying institutionalization as an outcome of power. In this paper, we have interpreted each of the framework’s concepts and linked them to relevant research questions about power in the institutionalization of information systems. The institutionalization of an information system entails stabilizing its processes to such a degree that its associated practices become routine. We argue that an institutionalized system is both the result and a source of power. The original Circuits framework (Clegg 1989) is grounded in organizational theory and social sciences and integrates different perspectives on power. Each perspective unravels a different dimension of power that complements and enriches the others – hence it is a profound tool for analyzing a complex phenomenon such as power. In a longitudinal in-depth case study, we use the adapted framework as an interpretive research instrument to make sense of power and its relation to the institutionalization of an information system. The paper concludes by discussing the possibilities the framework offers to practitioners and its implications for researchers.
Cocaine-mediated impairment of cardiac conduction in the dog: a potential mechanism for sudden death after cocaine.

Deaths from cocaine abuse continue to increase, while the mechanism of lethality remains unclear. Previous investigations have focused on potential ventricular dysrhythmias and myocardial ischemic events from enhanced autonomic tone or seizure activity from central stimulation. However, cocaine is a local anesthetic and may impair cardiac conduction. To evaluate this, 16 conscious dogs received i.v. cocaine over 30 sec to mimic "recreational" use in doses of 3 mg/kg (n = 6), 5 mg/kg (n = 6) or 7 mg/kg (n = 4). Another group of anesthetized dogs (n = 6) received two infusions of cocaine (5 mg/kg) 1 hr apart. Plasma cocaine levels and His bundle electrograms were obtained at control and at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 10 and 15 min after cocaine administration. At 0.5 min, plasma cocaine reached peak levels of 30.0, 45.0 and 59.6 micrograms/ml with increasing dose. Cocaine rapidly produced severe prolongation of His to ventricle interval and widening of the R wave. Slowing of conduction was dose-dependent, with maximal increases in His to venticle interval of 37 to 56% (P = .0299) and R wave duration of 34 to 77% (P less than .025). Furthermore, significant conduction impairment developed at cocaine levels that did not produce seizures. Conduction effects were equally pronounced during repeated administration of cocaine. These data indicate that cocaine causes marked conduction slowing, which could play an important role in cocaine death.
Anode break excitation on single Ranvier node of frog nerve.

A quantitative study of anodal break excitation in single frog nerve fibers has been carried out. An applied anodal pulse caused an increase in the critical level of depolarization for excitation. Anode break stimulation was effective only if the anodal pulse was immediately followed by depolarization of the single Ranvier node membrane. This condition can be obtained in three ways: 1) by applying the anodal pulse during a conditioning depolarization voltage, which must be equal to or greater than the threshold value for cathodal stimulation; 2) by applying a pulse of such large amplitude so as to produce membrane breakdown, which results in depolarization by intrinsic local currents; 3) by applying the pulse to a fiber already under the influence of intrinsic depolarization resulting from deterioration or high concentrations of potassium in the external solution. True anode break stimulation can only be produced by an exceedingly strong positive pulse. The membrane breakdown resulting from such a pulse, .
DEXA supports the use of BMI as a measure of fatness in young girls.

OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship of body fat mass measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) to BMI in young girls, according to age and normative BMI percentile groupings. DESIGN Cross-sectional observation study. SETTING Dunedin, an urban town in the South Island of New Zealand. SUBJECTS 196 healthy Caucasian girls aged 4-16 y. MEASUREMENTS Body weight, height and BMI, total fat mass and % body fat (by DEXA). RESULTS Our BMI percentile standard groupings were < 5 centile (n = 7); 5-50 centile (n = 71); 51-75 centile (n = 50); 76-90 centile (n = 42); 91-95 centile (n = 12); > 95 centile (n = 14). In this whole population sample DEXA-derived fat mass correlates well with BMI (n = 0.934) indicating that BMI accounts for 87.2% of the variance in body fat mass. However, at the extremes of BMI the association is weaker. A nomogram for predicting DEXA fat mass from BMI in girls is presented. CONCLUSION Because DEXA-derived fat mass correlates well with BMI throughout the 'normal' range of BMI (5-95th centiles) our study supports the usefulness of BMI as a simple measure of fatness in girls. Children with BMI values outside the normal BMI range may benefit from more exact body composition assessment using DEXA.
Delayed expression of in vivo restriction activity following conjugal transfer of Escherichia coli hsdK (restriction-modification) genes

Following conjugal transfer of the hsdK genes (hsdRK, hsdMK, and hsdSK) of Escherichia coli K-12, restriction activity was first detected only after approximately 15 generations, whereas modification activity was observed immediately. This sequential expression explains the establishment of hsdK genes in a nonmodified host and suggests regulation of restriction activity after conjugal transfer.
High-Speed, Enhancement-Mode GaN Power Switch With Regrown  ${\rm n}+$ GaN Ohmic Contacts and Staircase Field Plates

We report a novel GaN heterojunction field-effect transistor device that incorporates vertically scaled epilayers, a nanoscale gate with integrated staircase-shaped field plates, and regrown ohmic contacts. This device technology has an unprecedented combination of high breakdown (176 V), low ON-resistance (1.2 Ωmm), enhancement-mode operation (VTH=+0.35 V), and excellent high-frequency performance (fT/fmax=50/120 GHz), which enables new applications as a high-frequency power switch or a microwave power amplifier. The gate design manages the electric field at the drain edge of the gate, which mitigates dynamic ON-resistance degradation.
Pulsed radiofrequency: current clinical and biological literature available.

OBJECTIVE Pulsed radiofrequency, where short bursts of radiofrequency energy are applied to nervous tissue, has been used by pain practitioners as a non- or minimally neurodestructive technique, alternative to radiofrequency heat lesions. Clinical advantages and mechanisms of this treatment remain unclear. The objective of this study was to review current clinical and laboratory data. DESIGN We systematically searched the MEDLINE database (PubMed) and tables of contents of electronically available pain journals. Reference lists of relevant reports and international scientific pain congress abstract books were also hand searched. Only those reports on pulsed radiofrequency were withheld. RESULTS The final analysis yielded 58 reports on the clinical use of pulsed radiofrequency in different applications: 33 full publications and 25 abstracts. We also retrieved six basic science reports, five full publications, and one abstract. CONCLUSIONS The accumulation of these data shows that the use of pulsed radiofrequency generates an increasing interest of pain physicians for the management of a variety of pain syndromes. Although the mechanism of action has not been completely elucidated, laboratory reports suggest a genuine neurobiological phenomenon altering the pain signaling, which some have described as neuromodulatory. No side effects related to the pulsed radiofrequency technique were reported to date. Further research in the clinical and biological effects is justified.
Stress urinary incontinence: Prevalence among nulliparous compared with primiparous and grand multiparous premenopausal women

The study was conducted to assess the prevalence of stress urinary incontinence in premenopausal nulliparae, primiparae, and grand multiparae, and to examine possible obstetric risk factors. Three hundred consecutive nulliparae, primiparae, and grand multiparae, 20 to 43 years of age, were interviewed during the third postpartum day of their consequent delivery about the symptom of stress urinary incontinence. Women were asked whether they had experienced stress urinary incontinence before, during, or after previous pregnancies and how troubled they were by their incontinence. Details of general and gynecologic history, parity, mode of previous deliveries, and birth weights were sought. Main outcome measures included prevalence of pregnancy‐related and (persistent) nonpregnancy‐related stress urinary incontinence. Prevalence of persistent stress urinary incontinence was significantly higher in grand multiparae compared with nulliparae (21% vs. 5%, respectively; P = 0.0008). Prevalence of persistent stress urinary incontinence among grand multiparae who had been delivered of at least one baby weighing more than 4,000 g was significantly higher than in those who did not (29.4% vs. 16.7%, respectively). The birth weight of the first newborn and operative vaginal delivery were not found to be associated with increased risk of stress urinary incontinence. Grand multiparity was found to be associated with an increased risk of developing persistent stress urinary incontinence during reproductive ages. The delivery of at least one baby weighing more than 4,000 g seems to be a predominant factor. Neurourol. Urodynam. 18:419–425, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of a drug-in-adhesive patch combining ion pair and chemical enhancer strategy for transdermal delivery of zaltoprofen: pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and in vitro/in vivo correlation evaluation

Abstract The aim of the study was to develop a drug-in-adhesive patch system for transdermal delivery of zaltoprofen (ZAL). The formulation was designed in combination with the ion pair and chemical enhancer strategy. Seven organic amines were chosen as counter ions, and the prepared ion pairs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The in vivo pharmacokinetic performance of ZAL was studied on rabbits following transdermal and intravenous administration. A deconvolution method was applied to determine the correlation between the in vitro permeation and the in vivo absorption. Acetic acid-induced writhing response was conducted on mice to evaluate the analgesic effect. In vitro permeation results showed that both ion pairs and chemical enhancers were effective in modulating ZAL skin permeation from patches. The enhancement ratio was negatively correlated to the polar surface area (PSA) of counter ions, and was positively correlated to the octanol–water partition coefficient (log Ko/w) of chemical enhancers, respectively. The optimized formulation contained 10% (w/w) ZAL-triethylamine and 10% (w/w) isopropyl myristate, with DURO-TAK® 87-4098 as the pressure sensitive adhesive matrix. Furthermore, the in vitro permeation data were well correlated with the in vivo absorption data. The analgesic effect of the optimized patch was comparable to the commercial indometacin plasters. In conclusion, it was feasible for transdermal delivery of ZAL by the synergistic action of ion pair and chemical enhancer, and the in vitro permeation data were indicative of the in vivo performance for the developed patches.
Improved method for diagnosis of polycythemia vera based on flow cytometric analysis of autonomous growth of erythroid precursors in liquid culture

“Autonomous” development of erythroid colonies in erythropoietin (EPO)‐free semi‐solid culture has been used as an in vitro assay for diagnosis of polycythemia vera (PV). These colonies, however, are small and poorly hemoglobinized, rendering the assay in many cases unreliable. We report here on the use of a novel assay; it combines a modified culture procedure that maximizes the growth of EPO‐independent erythroid cells, and immunofluorescence flow cytometry for their detection and quantitation. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells are cultured for 2–5 days in the presence of a combination of growth factors. During this phase, early erythroid committed progenitors, burst forming units (BFUe), proliferate and differentiate into colony forming units (CFUe)‐like progenitors. In the second phase, the latter cells, in the presence of stem cell factor, hemin, and iron‐saturated transferrin, continue to proliferate and mature into hemoglobin (Hb)‐containing orthochromatic normoblasts. Neither phases contained EPO. The culture produced large, pure, and synchronized erythroid cell populations. The cells were then dually labeled with fluorescent probes, nuclear DNA with thiazole orange and intracellular hemoglobin (Hb) with phycoerythrin‐conjugated monoclonal antibodies against human Hb. Cells positive for both labels were assigned as Hb‐containing nucleated precursors. The presence of such cells in EPO‐free cultures indicated “autonomous growth. ” None of the EPO‐free cultures derived from normal donors or patients with secondary polycythemia contained such cells. Cultures derived from PV patients contained from 5 to 92% “autonomously‐grown” cells. These culture and analysis methods should minimize false negative results with PV patients and provide objective and quantitative data. Am. J. Hematol. 54:47–52, 1997 © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multi-resolution-based road state estimation

In this paper, we suggest an accessible and effective approach to the urban road state estimation. The main technical contribution of the proposed method is a novel feature extraction on the basis of the multi-resolution, along with support vector machine for classification. Experimental tests have been carried out to validate our proposed approach which can estimate road state in the sample of a hundred of city road images computational efficiently and effectively.