Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Quantized Uplink Massive MIMO Systems With Linear Receivers

This paper considers the uplink of a single-cell multi-user massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system. Each receiver antenna of the base station is assumed to be equipped with a pair of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) to quantize the real and imaginary part of the received signal. We propose a novel Bussgang-based weighted zero-forcing (B-WZF) receiver, which distinguishes the clipping and granular distortion. Numerical results demonstrate that for sufficiently high SNR and users that do not experience deep large-scale fading, the B-WZF brings significant performance gain over existing linear receivers in the literature, when the training sequence length is higher than the number of users.
Understanding Name-based Forwarding Rules in Software-Defined Named Data Networking

Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Named Data Networking (NDN) have been recently advocated as complementary paradigms to improve content distribution in the next-generation Internet. On the one hand, SDN offers a centralized control plane that can optimize routing decisions; on the other, the distinctive features at the NDN data plane, such as name-based delivery, in-network caching, and stateful forwarding, simplify data dissemination. In the integrated design, when a request cannot be handled locally at the NDN data plane in the Forwarding Information Base (FIB), the SDN Controller is contacted to inject the forwarding rule. Decisions such as which rules need to be stored in the node and for how long deeply affect the packet forwarding performance. This paper debates about the issues related to forwarding rules in the FIBs of SDN-controlled NDN nodes, by specifically accounting for their name-based nature, representing a key novelty compared to legacy SDN implementations. Quantitative results are reported to showcase the impact of crucial parameters, like the content popularity, the content requests rate, the table size, on the FIB performance in terms of valuable metrics (e.g., hit ratio, rejected requests, incurred signaling with the Controller).
Delayed Remote Intracerebral Hemorrhage after Wingspan Stenting for Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis Following the On-Label Usage Guidelines

Remote intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is defined as an ICH that occurs at a distant site from the treated lesion and is a considerable post-neurointerventional complication. Because such a life-threatening complication should not be neglected, we report our experience with delayed remote ICH in a patient with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) treated by Wingspan stenting following on-label usage guidelines. A middle-aged person suffered a lobar-type subcortical hemorrhage on the left temporal lobe 22 days after Wingspan stenting in the left internal carotid artery. The present case seemed to correspond with a previous report in which remote ICH tended to occur as an ipsilateral lobar-type hemorrhage in patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysm on the internal carotid artery undergoing treatment with stents or flow diverters. Delayed remote ICH should be considered as a potential risk of using a Wingspan stent covering the carotid siphon for ICAS.
ARE TROPHIC CASCADES ALL WET? DIFFERENTIATION AND DONOR-CONTROL IN SPECIOSE ECOSYSTEMS'

Trophic cascades mean runaway consumption, downward dominance through the food chain. Especially vulnerable are the autotrophs. Standing crop and coverage of the plant community are reduced wholesale when one or a few species of potent herbivores are not suppressed. In archetypical trophic cascades, overwhelming effects propagate down through three trophic levels. Primary carnivores or diseases, by suppressing herbivores, switch the substrate from open and virtually bare to well occupied by plants. The discovery that these potent forces extend through four levels, in some instances (Carpenter and Kitchell 1988, Power 1990b), is surely one of the most important in all of ecology of the last decade; secondary carnivores, by suppressing primary carnivores, unleash herbivores that clear the substrate and greatly decrease standing crop of plants. In true trophic cascades, pervasive topdown influence combines with the always strong bottom-up influence through the food chain to produce acute intertwining between population, community, and ecosystem processes (Carpenter and Kitchell 1988, Oksanen 1990, Power 1992; M. J. Wiley, personal communication). True trophic cascades imply keystone species (Paine 1980), taxa with such top-down dominance that their removal causes precipitous change in the system. But all trophic interactions do not cascade, and simple top-down dominance is not the norm of communities or ecosystems. This point is central to the issues of this Special Feature, to Hunter and Price's (1992) proposal that the null hypothesis of food webs should be bottom-up forces, and Power's (1992) search for appropriate models of population dynamics of consumer and consumed. My premise is that true trophic cascades in the community sense are a relatively unusual sort of food web mechanics. I argue that, over the full range of ecological communities, evidence is that these cascades are restricted to fairly low-diversity places where great influence can issue from one or a few species; the majority of examples of true trophic cascades have algae at the
The use of the health belief model to assess predictors of intent to receive the COVID-19 vaccine and willingness to pay

ABSTRACT Background The development of a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection is on the way. To prepare for public availability, the acceptability of a hypothetical COVID-19 vaccine and willingness to pay (WTP) were assessed to provide insights into future demand forecasts and pricing considerations. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted from 3 to 12 April 2020. The health belief model (HBM) was used to assess predictors of the intent to receive the vaccine and the WTP. Results A total of 1,159 complete responses was received. The majority reported a definite intent to receive the vaccine (48.2%), followed by a probable intent (29.8%) and a possible intent (16.3%). Both items under the perceived benefits construct in the HBM, namely believe the vaccination decreases the chance of infection (OR = 2.51, 95% CI 1.19–5.26) and the vaccination makes them feel less worry (OR = 2.19, 95% CI 1.03–4.65), were found to have the highest significant odds of a definite intention to take the vaccine. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) for the amount that participants were willing to pay for a dose of COVID-19 vaccine was MYR$134.0 (SD±79.2) [US$30.66 ± 18.12]. Most of the participants were willing to pay an amount of MYR$100 [US$23] (28.9%) and MYR$50 [US$11.5] (27.2%) for the vaccine. The higher marginal WTP for the vaccine was influenced by no affordability barriers as well as by socio-economic factors, such as higher education levels, professional and managerial occupations and higher incomes. Conclusions The findings demonstrate the utility of HBM constructs in understanding COVID-19 vaccination intention and WTP.
Total Hip Arthroplasty Versus Hemiarthroplasty for Displaced Femoral Neck Fracture: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

BACKGROUND Hip fractures are a leading cause of disability worldwide, with displaced femoral neck fractures being of particular concern. A recent meta-analysis reported that total hip arthroplasty (THA) was superior to hemiarthroplasty (HA) in terms of reoperations, but inferior in terms of dislocations. However, publication of 4 additional randomized controlled trials that enrolled nearly 1,780 additional patients merits an updated meta-analysis. METHODS We conducted a literature search of 4 databases to identify randomized controlled trials comparing THA and HA in patients with displaced femoral neck fractures. For patient-reported outcomes, the minimally important difference informed calculation of risk differences. We performed a subgroup analysis to address the possible impact of risk of bias and performed meta-regression to assess the possible impact of duration of follow-up. RESULTS Sixteen studies that enrolled 3,084 patients randomized to undergo THA (n = 1,521) or HA (n = 1,563) proved eligible. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of the revision rate at up to 5 years of follow-up or functional outcome at up to 3 years. Health-related quality of life was superior in the THA group (mean difference [MD] = 0.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.02 to 0.07, minimally important difference, 0.145). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of dislocation or periprosthetic fracture incidence. Operative time was significantly shorter in the HA group (MD = 22 minutes, 95% CI = 9 to 35 minutes). Analyses addressing risk of bias and length of follow-up did not reveal subgroup differences. Certainty of evidence for all outcomes was rated as moderate. CONCLUSIONS The best evidence showed, with moderate certainty, that HA and THA likely result in similar revision rate, function, mortality, periprosthetic fracture, and dislocation at up to 5 years, with a small, possibly unimportant benefit in health-related quality of life with THA. More specifically, the improvements are well below established cutoffs for clinical importance. Almost half of all patients were from a single large randomized controlled trial, although the results were consistent across the studies. In addition, HA likely results in a clinically unimportant reduction in operative time. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
High Precision Wide Bandwidth DC Current Transducer Based on the Platiše Flux Sensor

In the last decade, we observed a noticeable increase in direct-current systems (DC), particularly in solar power generation, grid storage systems, and electric mobility. Some of these systems may require high-voltage isolation and peak currents in excess of kA. The existing standard compact and lower cost current sensing solutions hardly ever achieve an overall measurement uncertainty below 1% mainly due to offsets and hysteresis; their typical bandwidth is about 250 kHz, and they may also be noisy. This article presents a new method of isolated DC and AC current measurement based on a single gapless core and the innovative Platiše Flux Sensor. After verification in a mixed-signal simulator, the method was implemented in a functional prototype of a DC current transducer (CT) and thoroughly tested in a reference setup. The performance tests showed a low offset and hysteresis, a bandwidth in the MHz range, low power consumption, and low noise operation. Furthermore, the low current transducer achieved a typical uncertainty of less than 0.2% and a linearity of less than 200 ppm, which indicates an overall superior performance compared to representative comparable CTs based on alternative technologies. In addition to the areas of application mentioned above, the new type of DC-CT can be used for general purpose metering, measurement instrumentation, and high power DC and AC systems.
The Messy Alkaline Formose Reaction and Its Link to Metabolism

Sugars are essential for the formation of genetic elements such as RNA and as an energy/food source. Thus, the formose reaction, which autocatalytically generates a multitude of sugars from formaldehyde, has been viewed as a potentially important prebiotic source of biomolecules at the origins of life. When analyzing our formose solutions we find that many of the chemical species are simple carboxylic acids, including α-hydroxy acids, associated with metabolism. In this work we posit that the study of the formose reaction, under alkaline conditions and moderate hydrothermal temperatures, should not be solely focused on sugars for genetic materials, but should focus on the origins of metabolism (via metabolic molecules) as well.
The versatility of azelaic acid in dermatology

Abstract Azelaic acid has numerous pharmacological uses in dermatology. Its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties are thought to correlate with its efficacy in papulopustular rosacea and acne vulgaris, amongst other cutaneous conditions. We conducted a review of the literature on the use of azelaic acid in dermatology using key terms ‘acne’, ‘azelaic acid’, ‘dermatology’, ‘melasma’, ‘rosacea’, searching databases such as MEDLINE, EMBASE and PubMed. Only articles in English were chosen. The level of evidence was evaluated and selected accordingly listing the studies with the highest level of evidence first using the Oxford Center of Evidence-Based Medicine 2011 guidance. This review found the strongest evidence supporting the use of azelaic acid in rosacea, followed by its use off-label in melasma followed by acne vulgaris. Weaker evidence is currently available to support the use of azelaic acid in several other conditions such as hidradenitis suppurativa, keratosis pilaris and male androgenic alopecia. Azelaic acid, as a monotherapy or in combination, could be an effective first-line or alternative treatment, which is well-tolerated and safe for a range of dermatological conditions.
Modulation of Host Lipid Pathways by Pathogenic Intracellular Bacteria

Lipids are a broad group of molecules required for cell maintenance and homeostasis. Various intracellular pathogens have developed mechanisms of modulating and sequestering host lipid processes for a large array of functions for both bacterial and host cell survival. Among the host cell lipid functions that intracellular bacteria exploit for infection are the modulation of host plasma membrane microdomains (lipid rafts) required for efficient bacterial entry; the recruitment of specific lipids for membrane integrity of intracellular vacuoles; and the utilization of host lipid droplets for the regulation of immune responses and for energy production through fatty acid β-oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation. The majority of published studies on the utilization of these host lipid pathways during infection have focused on intracellular bacterial pathogens that reside within a vacuole during infection and, thus, have vastly different requirements for host lipid metabolites when compared to those intracellular pathogens that are released into the host cytosol upon infection. Here we summarize the mechanisms by which intracellular bacteria sequester host lipid species and compare the modulation of host lipid pathways and metabolites during host cell infection by intracellular pathogens residing in either a vacuole or within the cytosol of infected mammalian cells. This review will also highlight common and unique host pathways necessary for intracellular bacterial growth that could potentially be targeted for therapeutic intervention.
Genome-Wide Dynamic Evaluation of the UV-Induced DNA Damage Response

Genetic screens in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have allowed for the identification of many genes as sensors or effectors of DNA damage, typically by comparing the fitness of genetic mutants in the presence or absence of DNA-damaging treatments. However, these static screens overlook the dynamic nature of DNA damage response pathways, missing time-dependent or transient effects. Here, we examine gene dependencies in the dynamic response to ultraviolet radiation-induced DNA damage by integrating ultra-high-density arrays of 6144 diploid gene deletion mutants with high-frequency time-lapse imaging. We identify 494 ultraviolet radiation response genes which, in addition to recovering molecular pathways and protein complexes previously annotated to DNA damage repair, include components of the CCR4-NOT complex, tRNA wobble modification, autophagy, and, most unexpectedly, 153 nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes. Notably, mitochondria-deficient strains present time-dependent insensitivity to ultraviolet radiation, posing impaired mitochondrial function as a protective factor in the ultraviolet radiation response.
Eignung biologischer azellulärer dermaler Matrices als Hautersatz

Zusammenfassung Einleitung Bei Gewebedefekten können epidermale und dermale Anteile der Haut verloren gehen. Häufig ist eine reduzierte Gewebeelastizität, ggf. mit Narbenkontrakturen, die die Gelenkbeweglichkeit einschränken können, die Folge. Artifizielle Kollagenmatrices und humane azelluläre dermale Matrices (ADM) stellen ein neues Verfahren der kutanen Rekonstruktion vor allem in der Verbrennungsmedizin dar. Zielsetzung Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Eignung von ADM als dermalen Ersatz zu untersuchen. Hierbei wurden die zelluläre Migration und Differenzierung sowie die inflammatorische Reaktion auf verschiedene Matrices in einem etablierten Hautorgankulturmodell ex vivo untersucht. Material und Methoden Reste von vitalen, operativ entnommenen Spalthauttransplantaten wurden auf humane ADM (Epiflex), deepidermalisierte humane Dermis (DED) oder artifizielle Kollagen-Elastin Matrix (KEM, Matriderm) transferiert und das epitheliale Resurfacing in einem standardisierten Wundmodell an der Luft-Feuchtigkeitsgrenze untersucht. Um den Einfluss unterschiedlicher dermaler Anteile auf das epitheliale Verhalten zu untersuchen, wurde zudem die Migration auf ADM aus papillären mit retikulären Dermisanteilen verglichen. Die Reepithelialisierung und zelluläre inflammatorische Reaktion wurden histologisch, immunhistochemisch und biochemisch analysiert. Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung Die größte epitheliale Ausbreitung und Differenzierung fand auf DED (2,54 mm ± 0,43 mm, Mittelwert ± SEM) im Vergleich zu ADM (1,32 mm ± 0,44 mm, p < 0,09) oder KEM (0,77 mm ± 0,11 mm, p < 0,02) statt, was unter anderem auf promigratorische Basalmembranreste auf DED zurückzuführen ist. Die keratinozytäre Migration war deutlich größer auf papillärer ADM im Vergleich zu retikulärer ADM. Im Gegensatz zu den biologischen Matrices fand sich in der grobporigen KEM nur eine horizontale Durchwanderung des Gewebes. Die Expression proinflammatorischer Mediatoren unterschied sich je nach Hautdonor und Matrix. Zusammenfassend ist festzustellen, dass die Struktur und Herkunft der dermalen Matrix von großer Bedeutung für die Reepithelialiserung und inflammatorische zelluläre Reaktion sind.
Lignin Refinery Using Organosolv Process for Nanoporous Carbon Synthesis

Porous carbon has been widely used for many applications e.g., adsorbents, catalysts, catalyst supports, energy storage and gas storage due to its outstanding properties. In this paper, characteristics of porous carbon prepared by carbonization of lignin from various biomasses are presented. Various biomasses, i.e., mangosteen peel, corncob and coconut shell, were processed using ethanol as an organosolv solvent. The obtained lignin was characterized using a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer and a viscosimeter to investigate the success of extraction and lignin properties. The results showed that high temperature is favorable for the extraction of lignin using the organosolv process. The FTIR spectra show the success of lignin extraction using the organosolv process because of its similarity to the standard lignin spectra. The carbonization process of lignin was performed at 600 and 850 °C to produce carbon from lignin, as well as to investigate the effect of temperature. A higher pyrolysis temperature will produce a porous carbon with a high specific surface area, but it will lower the yield of the produced carbon. At 850 °C temperature, the highest surface area up to 974 m2/g was achieved.
Influence of ejaculation time on sperm quality parameters in high performance boars

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of ejaculation time on sperm quality parameters in high performance boars. 447 fresh semen samples were used from 9 boars. The samples were collected by the gloved hand method and the duration of ejaculation in seconds was determined. The ejaculates obtained were divided into three groups based on the ejaculation time and into two categories based on the age of the animals. The sperm volume (using graduated bottles), total number of sperm using a Neubauer chamber, motility and intensity of motion using phase contrast microscopy and spermatic morphology using wet preparation with formaldehyde-sodium citrate solution were all evaluated. All variables were compared regarding the ejaculation time and animal age, and the correlation between these variables and the ejaculation time was also evaluated. Animals with higher ejaculation times were found to have a higher semen volume (P
Innate immune evasion by SARS‐CoV‐2: Comparison with SARS‐CoV

SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, a member of the Coronaviridae family, causes Covid‐19 pandemic disease with severe respiratory illness. Multiple strategies enable SARS‐CoV‐2 to eventually overcome antiviral innate immune mechanisms which are important components of viral pathogenesis. This review considers several mechanisms of SARS‐CoV‐2 innate immune evasion including suppression of IFN‐α/β production at the earliest stage of infection, mechanisms that exhaust natural killer cell‐mediated cytotoxicity, overstimulation of NLRP3 inflammasome and induction of a cytokine storm. A comparison with SARS‐CoV is made. Greater knowledge of these and other immune evasion tactics may provide us with improved possibilities for research into this novel deadly virus.
Valid or not: A critique of Graver and Green

Abstract Disagreements in science and medicine are not uncommon, and formal exchanges of disagreements serve a variety of valuable roles. As identified by a Nature Methods editorial entitled “The Power of Disagreement” (2016), disagreements bring attention to best practices so that differences in interpretation do not result from inferior data sets or confirmation bias, “prompting researchers to take a second look at evidence that is not in agreement with their hypothesis, rather than dismiss it as artifacts. ” Graver and Green published reasons why they disagree with a recent clinical case report and a decades old randomized control trial characterizing the effect of an acute 2 mg dosing of lorazepam on the Word Memory Test. In this article, we formally responded to their commentary to further clarify the reasons for our data interpretations. These two opposing views provide an excellent learning opportunity, particularly for students, demonstrating the importance of careful articulation of the rationale behind certain conclusions from different perspectives. We encourage careful review of the original articles being discussed so the neuropsychologists can read both positions and decide which interpretation of the findings they consider most sound.