Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Systematically testing background services of mobile apps

Contrary to popular belief, mobile apps can spend a large fraction of time running "hidden" as background services. And, bugs in services can translate into crashes, energy depletion, device slow-down, etc. Unfortunately, without necessary testing tools, developers can only resort to telemetries from user devices in the wild. To this end, Snowdrop is a testing framework that systematically identifies and automates background services in Android apps. Snowdrop realizes a service-oriented approach that does not assume all inter-component communication messages are explicitly coded in the app bytecode. Furthermore, to improve the completeness of test inputs generated, Snowdrop infers field values by exploiting the similarity in how developers name variables. We evaluate Snowdrop by testing 848 commercially available mobile apps. Empirical results show that Snowdrop can achieve 20.91% more code path coverage than pathwise test input generators, and 64.11% more coverage than random test input generators.
Chip-package-PCB thermal co-design for hot spot analysis in SoC

A chip-package-PCB thermal co-design methodology for system-on-chip (SoC) is proposed, and both simulation result and experiment data are presented. With the proposed methodology, it becomes feasible to address the hot spot issue which is an unfavourable but common thermal phenomenon existing in a highly integrated SoC as higher performance brings more power. To accurately model the hot spot of SoC, it's prerequisite to capture the insights on the power distribution across the whole chip therefore SoC's power map setting as heat source in computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD) model is defined. Furthermore, to realize exact local thermal effect on die level, detail 3-D flip chip package model, as well as detail PCB model based on trace-routing, are established. It was found that hot spot is an intrinsic consequence of the high power macro in SoC and only through optimization early in chip-package-PCB co-design phase is it possible to alleviate hot spot phenomenon. The proposed co-design methodology is particularly suited for BGA type package such as flip chip chip-scale-package (FCCSP), which is adopted commonly in mobile application processor. It's shown that TV-1 and TV-2 simulation result is in consistency with experimental data in a 2-step validation therefore the effectiveness of this methodology is validated. In the example of design practice, we exercised this methodology to improve thermal performance by the adoption of patented copper pillar structure which shall be beneficial for flip chip package in general and without adding extra BOM cost or requiring additional effort/time on package qualification. The patented copper pillar bump design which can not only provide 4.1% performance gain compared to lead-free solder bump but will continue to be compatible in advance bump pitch for future wafer node.
Porcine somatotropin and dietary lysine influence bone mineralization and mechanical properties of bones in finishing swine.

The femur, a rib, and a third metacarpal were collected from 108 barrows (initial weight = 57 kg) and analyzed to determine the effects of porcine somatotropin (pST) and dietary lysine on bone mineralization and mechanical properties. In Exp. 1, pigs were injected daily with 4 mg of pST and fed diets containing 1.0% Ca and . 9% P and either . 6, . 8, 1.0, 1.2, or 1.4% lysine. Control pigs (placebo injection) received the . 6% lysine diet. Bone wall thickness (BWT) of the femur increased (linear, P < .05) but ash content decreased (linear, P < .10) as dietary lysine level increased. Stress and ash content of the rib also decreased (linear, P < .05) with increasing dietary lysine level. In Exp. 2, pigs were injected with either 4 or 8 mg/d of pST and fed diets containing 1.1% Ca and 1.0% P and either . 8, 1.0, 1.2, or 1.4% lysine. Control pigs received the . 8% lysine diet. Increasing pST dosage increased BWT of the femur (linear, P < .10) but decreased ash content (linear, P < .10). In the rib, increasing pST dosage reduced stress, modulus of elasticity (linear, P < .10), and ash content (linear, P < .01). Increasing lysine level resulted in increased BWT of the femur and decreased ash content of rib, femur, and metacarpal (linear, P < .10). These data indicate that pST administration in conjunction with increasing lysine levels decreases bone ash content but increases BWT of finishing pigs.
Acute outcomes after MitraClip therapy in highly aged patients: results from the German TRAnscatheter Mitral valve Interventions (TRAMI) Registry.

AIMS The influence of age on baseline demographics and outcomes of patients selected for MitraClip has not been previously investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS Baseline demographics and acute outcomes in 1,064 patients from the German TRAMI registry were stratified by age (525 patients ≥76 years and 539 patients <76 years). In elderly patients, logistic EuroSCORE was higher (25[15-40]% vs. 18[10-31]%, p<0.0001) and the proportion of women was greater (47.2% vs. 29.3%, p<0.0001). Elderly patients were more likely to have preserved left ventricular ejection fraction >50% (40.1% vs. 21.8%, p<0.0001) and degenerative mitral regurgitation (DMR, 35.3% vs. 25.6%, p<0.01). Age was the most frequent reason for non-surgical treatment in the elderly (69.4% vs. 36.1%, p<0.0001). The intrahospital MACCE (death, myocardial infarction, stroke) was low in both groups (3.5% vs. 3.4%, p=0.93) and the proportion of non-severe mitral regurgitation at discharge was similar (95.8% vs. 96.4%, p=0.73). A logistic regression model did not reveal any significant impact of age on acute efficacy and safety of MitraClip therapy. In both groups, the majority of patients were discharged home (81.8% vs. 86.2%, p=0.06). CONCLUSIONS Elderly and younger patients have similar benefits from MitraClip therapy. Age was the most frequent cause for denying surgery in elderly patients.
Sporulation and Survival of Toxoplasma gondii Oocysts in Seawater

Abstract We have been collaborating since 1992 in studies on southern sea otters (Enhdyra lutris nereis) as part of a program to define factors, which may be responsible for limiting the growth of the southern sea otter population. We previously demonstrated Toxoplasma gondii in sea otters. We postulated that cat feces containing oocysts could be entering the marine environment through storm run-off or through municipal sewage since cat feces are often disposed down toilets by cat owners. The present study examined the sporulation of T. gondii oocysts in seawater and the survival of sporulated oocysts in seawater. Unsporulated oocysts were placed in 15 ppt artificial seawater, 32 ppt artificial seawater or 2% sulfuric acid (positive control) at 24 C in an incubator. Samples were examined daily for 3 days and development monitored by counting 100 oocysts from each sample. From 75 to 80% of the oocysts were sporulated by 3 days post-inoculation under all treatment conditions. Groups of 2 mice were fed 10,000 oocysts each from each of the 3 treatment groups. All inoculated mice developed toxoplasmosis indicating that oocysts were capable of sporulating in seawater. Survival of sporulated oocysts was examined by placing sporulated T. gondii oocysts in 15 ppt seawater at room temperature 22–24 C (RT) or in a refrigerator kept at 4 C. Mice fed oocysts that had been stored at 4C or RT for 6 months became infected. These results indicate that T. gondii oocysts can sporulate and remain viable in seawater for several months.
Are you really angry?: detecting emotion veracity as a proposed tool for interaction

Interaction with faces expressing emotion is compelling and can focus human attention strongly. A face showing emotion reflects the internal mental state of the displayer of the emotion and is arguably also an attempt to influence the internal mental state of the observer of the displayed emotion. We found that pupillary response patterns can predict the veracity of anger better than the verbal response of the same individual participants. This supports the previous claim for such a result for smiles, from the results on another emotion, anger. Given the significant differences in behavioural responses expected from the literature on smiles versus anger, the unexpected similarity of results suggests that this method could be used in general for detecting the veracity of many emotions. Even using just smiles and anger, we propose that virtual reality or screen avatars expressing such emotions to cajole, brow beat or otherwise enveigle co-operation in settings such as chronic condition management or aged care, could be substantially improved if we can measure the actual perception of the veracity of emotion felt by human beings.
Macroeconomic Uncertainty and Audit Pricing

This paper examines the association between macroeconomic uncertainty and audit fees. Using the volatility index from the Chicago Board Option Exchange to proxy for macroeconomic uncertainty and a sample of U.S. firms from 2002 to 2014, we document that macroeconomic uncertainty is negatively associated with audit fees and that the fee reduction during periods of high uncertainty is more pronounced for firms appointing Big 4 and specialist auditors and for firms with better financial condition. The results are consistent with the notions that market-wide uncertainties give firms a greater advantage over auditors during the price negotiation process and that the effect of macroeconomic uncertainty on audit fees varies across auditor and client attributes. Overall, this paper provides evidence that the macroeconomic environment plays a role in determining audit fees. JEL Classifications: M42. Data Availability: Data used are from public sources identified in the paper.
Out of sight, out of mind? Removal of point-of-sale tobacco displays in Norway

Aim To evaluate retailer's compliance and consumer's perceptions of and experiences with the point-of-sale (POS) tobacco display ban in Norway, implemented 1 January 2010. Methods Retailer compliance was measured using audit surveys. Consumer's perceptions of the ban were assessed in three web surveys: one conducted before and two after implementation of the ban. The sample for each of these consisted of about 900 people aged 15–54 years and an extra sample of smokers and snus users. 10 focus group interviews with male and female daily, occasional and former smokers aged 16–50 years (N=62) were also conducted, before and after implementation of the ban. Results Immediately following implementation of the POS display ban, compliance was 97% for cigarettes and rolling tobacco and 98% for snus. Preimplementation, young people were tempted by tobacco products when seeing them in the shop more often than older people. Postimplementation, young people also more often found it difficult to choose brand. The POS tobacco display ban was supported by a majority of the population, and by one out of three daily smokers. The removal of POS tobacco displays was perceived as a barrier for young people's access to tobacco products, as affecting attachment to cigarette brands and as contributing to tobacco denormalisation. Conclusions Retailer's compliance with the POS display ban in Norway was high, and the ban was well supported in the population. Consumers believed that the ban could contribute to preventing smoking initiation among young people and to some extent also support cessation efforts.
Cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonism reduces conditioned reinstatement of ethanol‐seeking behavior in rats

The endocannabinoid system is involved in a variety of effects of drugs of misuse, and blockade of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor by selective antagonists elicits marked reductions in opioid and alcohol self‐administration. The present study was designed to extend our knowledge of the role of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor in the modulation of alcohol misuse vulnerability in rats. Accordingly, using nonselected Wistar rats and genetically selected Marchigian Sardinian alcohol‐preferring (msP) rats, we investigated the effect of the CB1 antagonist SR141716A on operant alcohol self‐administration and on reinstatement of alcohol‐seeking behavior by environmental conditioning factors. In addition, in situ hybridization studies in both strains were performed to measure cannabinoid CB1 receptor mRNA in different brain areas of these animals. Results showed that intraperitoneal administration of SR141716A (0.03, 1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg) markedly inhibits ethanol self‐administration and conditioned reinstatement of ethanol‐seeking behavior in both strains of rats. ED50 analysis showed significantly higher sensitivity (P < 0.05) to the effect of SR141716A in msP rats than in heterogeneous Wistar rats. In situ hybridization studies revealed that, compared with Wistar rats, msP animals have consistently greater cannabinoid CB1 receptor mRNA expression in a number of brain areas, including the frontoparietal cortex, caudate‐putamen and hippocampus (CA1 and dentate gyrus areas). In conclusion, we provide clear evidence that blockade of CB1 receptors reduces both ethanol self‐administration and conditioned reinstatement of alcohol‐seeking behavior in rats. In addition, current pharmacological and neuroanatomical data suggest that an altered function of the CB1 receptor system exists between genetically selected alcohol‐preferring msP rats and a heterogeneous animal population.
[Relation between suicidal ideation and parenting styles among a group of Chilean adolescents].

BACKGROUND In Chile, there has been an increase in suicide rates from 1.1 to 2.6 per 100,000 among adolescents aged 10 to 14 years and from 4.4 to 8.9 per 100,000 among those aged 15 to 19 years AIM To identify protective factors for suicidal ideation according to parenting styles, as described by Barber et al. MATERIAL AND METHODS The relation between suicidal ideation and parenting styles was assessed in a random sample of 2,346 Chilean school attending adolescents aged 13 to 20 years old (59% women) from three cities: Antofagasta (Northern Chile, II Region), Santiago (Central, Metropolitan Region) and Concepción (Southern, VIII Region). Participants were tested with the Chilean adaptation of the Cross National Adolescents Program (CNAP) Plus questionnaire developed by Barber et al. The relation between suicidal ideation and parenting styles was assessed using regression analyses. RESULTS Correlations between suicidal ideation and parenting styles were mostly significant, yet weak. High odds ratios were observed among parents who had a strong psychological control, inconsistent control, lack of expression of affection and covered marital hostility. CONCLUSIONS High adolescent self-esteem, a good relationship with parents, psychological parental autonomy, expression of physical affection, social support and paternal monitoring were protective factors against suicidal ideation.
Dietary protein and bone health: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND There has been a resurgence of interest in the controversial relation between dietary protein and bone health. OBJECTIVE This article reports on the first systematic review and meta-analysis of the relation between protein and bone health in healthy human adults. DESIGN The MEDLINE (January 1966 to September 2007) and EMBASE (1974 to July 2008) databases were electronically searched for all relevant studies of healthy adults; studies of calcium excretion or calcium balance were excluded. RESULTS In cross-sectional surveys, all pooled r values for the relation between protein intake and bone mineral density (BMD) or bone mineral content at the main clinically relevant sites were significant and positive; protein intake explained 1-2% of BMD. A meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials indicated a significant positive influence of all protein supplementation on lumbar spine BMD but showed no association with relative risk of hip fractures. No significant effects were identified for soy protein or milk basic protein on lumbar spine BMD. CONCLUSIONS A small positive effect of protein supplementation on lumbar spine BMD in randomized placebo-controlled trials supports the positive association between protein intake and bone health found in cross-sectional surveys. However, these results were not supported by cohort study findings for hip fracture risk. Any effects found were small and had 95% CIs that were close to zero. Therefore, there is a small benefit of protein on bone health, but the benefit may not necessarily translate into reduced fracture risk in the long term.
Trastuzumab: Targeted Therapy for the Management of HER-2/neu-Overexpressing Metastatic Breast Cancer

Breast cancers are a biologically heterogeneous group of mammary tumors with distinct natural histories and varied responses to established therapies. They have long been divided into those that are hormone sensitive [as defined by expression of the estrogen receptor α (ERα) and/or the progesterone receptor (PR)] and those that are not. Notably, only those breast cancers that express ERα and/or PR typically respond to hormonal therapy with tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors, or the newer agent fulvestrant. More recently, the transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor HER-2/neu was identified as an oncogene overexpressed by about 30% of breast cancers. These HER-2/neu-overexpressing breast cancers define a subset of breast tumors that are characteristically more aggressive, and women who develop them have a shorter survival. Trastuzumab (Herceptin), a humanized monoclonal antibody specific for HER-2/neu, has revolutionized the management of metastatic HER-2/neu-overexpressing breast cancers. As a single agent, it produces response rates similar to those of many single-agent chemotherapeutic agents active in metastatic breast cancer and has limited toxicity. Combining trastuzumab with chemotherapy can result in synergistic antitumor activity. The clear efficacy of trastuzumab against HER-2/neu-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer has led to a keen interest in testing its role in the management of early breast cancer, and multiple large clinical trials are currently in progress. This review summarizes the available clinical data on the use of trastuzumab in HER-neu-overexpressing breast cancer and briefly highlights emerging opportunities for innovative, trastuzumab-based breast cancer therapies.
Ten ERK-related Proteins in Three Distinct Classes Associate with AP-1 Proteins and/or AP-1 DNA*

We have identified seven ERK-related proteins (“ERPs”), including ERK2, that are stably associated in vivo with AP-1 dimers composed of diverse Jun and Fos family proteins. These complexes have kinase activity. We designate them as “class I ERPs. ” We originally hypothesized that these ERPs associate with DNA along with AP-1 proteins. We devised a DNA affinity chromatography-based analytical assay for DNA binding, the “nucleotide affinitypreincubation specificity testrecognition” (NAPSTER) assay. In this assay, class I ERPs do not associate with AP-1 DNA. However, several new “class II” ERPs do associate with DNA. p41 and p44 are ERK1/2-related ERPs that lack kinase activity and associate along with AP-1 proteins with AP-1 DNA. Class I ERPs and their associated kinase activity thus appear to bind AP-1 dimers when they are not bound to DNA and then disengage and are replaced by class II ERPs to form higher order complexes when AP-1 dimers bind DNA. p97 is a class III ERP, related to ERK3, that associates with AP-1 DNA without AP-1 proteins. With the exception of ERK2, none of the 10 ERPs appear to be known mitogen-activated protein kinase superfamily members.
Czech postcommunist trouble with participatory governance. Toward an analysis of the cultural agency of policy discourses

ABSTRACT The article uses the postcommunist context to rethink the argumentative arena of current participatory governance. While citizen empowerment is a crucial component of participatory governance, it has not received much attention in either the policy or the research of the CEE region. Comparing two Czech prominent public controversies, the analysis reveals a mediating rejection of citizen empowerment because it is seen as being fundamentally opposed to modernization. Modernization is a powerful narrative justifying the postcommunist transformation as a supreme policy goal, being used as an argument for the technocratic style of governing. The analysis thus suggests that attention to cultural contingency of participatory governance is needed, and it proposes analysis of the cultural agency of policy discourses.
Effect of maternal corticosterone on utilisation of residual yolk sac fatty acids by developing broiler embryo

1. Increased concentrations of maternal corticosterone are deposited into egg yolk under stress conditions. This experiment investigated the effect of maternal corticosterone on yolk and yolk sac fatty acid profiles of eggs and developing broiler embryos. 2. At 42 weeks of age, 200 broiler breeder females were randomly divided into two groups: maternal corticosterone (MC): 2 mg/hen/d of corticosterone dissolved in 1 mL of 99% ethanol and mixed in the individual daily feed for a 14 d period, and control: 1 mL of ethanol added to the individual daily feed. Hens were inseminated, and eggs were collected daily from d 3 of corticosterone feeding to d 14 and incubated. Fatty acid profiles of egg yolk and yolk sac were analysed before incubation and at 12, 14, 18 and 21 d of incubation. 3. Yolk corticosterone concentrations were greater in MC eggs. Before incubation, eggs from MC had lower DHA (22 : 6 n-3) but higher stearic (18 : 0) and dihomo-gamma linolenic (20 : 3 n-6 Cis 8,11,14) acid content compared with the control. 4. Higher concentrations of stearic (18 : 0), elaidic (18 : 1 tr n-9), eicosenoic (20 : 1 n-9), eicosadienoic (20 : 2 n-6), dihomo-gamma linoleic (20 : 3 n-6) and arachidonic (20 : 4 n-6) acids and lower concentrations of myristic (14 : 0), palmitoleic (16 : 1 n-7), linoleic (18 : 2 n-6) and DHA (22 : 6 n-3) were found at different periods of incubation in the residual yolk sac of MC than from controls. 5. The results suggest that the preferentially selective absorption of fatty acids is related to specific tissue requirements.
KAJIAN CITY BRANDING TOMOHON SEBAGAI KOTA BUNGA

City branding merupakan strategi untuk meningkatkan daya saing kota dalam menghadapi kompetensi global dengan membangun diferensiasi dan memperkuat identitasnya. Saat ini, Kota Tomohon dikenal luas oleh masyarakat sebagai Kota Bunga dan telah melaksanakan Tomohon International Flower Festival (TIFF) sejak tahun 2008. Selain itu, sejak dahulu penduduknya sudah mengembangkan budidaya tanaman hias. Bahkan Tomohon telah ditetapkan sebagai Kawasan Khusus Pengembangan Agrobisnis Florikultura (KKPAF) untuk Kawasan Indonesia Timur oleh Ditjen Hortikultura. Berbagai potensi tersebut digunakan pemerintah untuk membangun diferensiasi kota yang merupakan bagian dari strategi city branding . Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui city branding Tomohon sebagai Kota Bunga menurut teori Kavaratzis. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik analisis Miles & Huberman dan SWOT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan visi Kota Tomohon tidak secara ekplisit menetapkan Kota Bunga pada setiap dokumen perencanaan. Akan tetapi, budaya internal menunjukkan pengelolaan dan pemasaran Kota Bunga telah dilakukan oleh pemerintah melalui berbagai program dinas terkait. Namun sayangnya, keterlibatan komunitas lokal dalam pengembangan Kota Bunga baru sebatas pelaksanaan TIFF. Begitu pula dengan sinergi yang terbentuk diantara stakeholder yang saling mendukung untuk mensukseskan TIFF. Meskipun demikian, infrastruktur kota sudah mampu menyediakan kebutuhan dasar, termasuk untuk pengembangan Kota Bunga. Hanya saja, ruang dan gerbang kota kurang menonjolkan brand bunga. Sedangkan kesempatan yang menonjolkan brand sangat terbuka dan komunikasi masih belum memaksimalkan logo dan slogan. Untuk itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa Kota Tomohon telah menerapkan city branding menurut teori Kavaratzis, walaupun masih belum maksimal karena masih berujung pada promosi TIFF. Kata Kunci : City Branding, Tomohon, Kota Bunga