Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Barbell Kinematics Should Not Be Used to Estimate Power Output Applied to the Barbell-and-Body System Center of Mass During Lower-Body Resistance Exercise

Abstract Lake, JP, Lauder, MA, and Smith, NA. Barbell kinematics should not be used to estimate power output applied to the barbell-and-body system center of mass during lower-body resistance exercise. J Strength Cond Res 26(5): 1302–1307, 2012—The aim of this study was to compare measures of power output applied to the center of mass of the barbell and body system (CM) obtained by multiplying ground reaction force (GRF) by (a) the velocity of the barbell; (b) the velocity of the CM derived from three-dimensional (3D) whole-body motion analysis, and (c) the velocity of the CM derived from GRF during lower-body resistance exercise. Ten resistance-trained men performed 3 maximal-effort single back squats with 60% 1 repetition maximum while GRF and whole-body motion were captured using synchronized Kistler force platforms and a Vicon Motus motion analysis system. Repeated measures analysis of variance of time-normalized kinematic and kinetic data obtained using the different methods showed that the barbell was displaced 13.4% (p < 0.05) more than the CM, the velocity of the barbell was 16.1% (p < 0.05) greater than the velocity of the CM, and power applied to the CM obtained by multiplying GRF by the velocity of the barbell was 18.7% (p < 0.05) greater than power applied to the CM obtained by multiplying the force applied to the CM by its resultant velocity. Further, the velocity of the barbell was significantly greater than the velocity of the trunk, upper leg, lower leg, and foot (p < 0.05), indicating that a failure to consider the kinematics of body segments during lower-body resistance exercise can lead to a significant overestimation of power applied to the CM. Strength and conditioning coaches and investigators are urged to obtain measures of power from the force applied to and the velocity of either the barbell (using inverse dynamics) or CM (GRF or 3D motion analysis). Failure to apply these suggestions could result in continued overestimation of CM power, compromising methodological integrity.
HIV Infection and Myocardial Infarction.

BACKGROUND After the advent of the potent combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) the incidence of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has declined dramatically and HIV infection became a chronic disease with a significant increase in the life expectancy of HIV-positive people. Consequently, chronic comorbidities as coronary heart disease raised an increasing concern in this population. OBJECTIVE Aim of this editorial article is to review the most recent data about the cardiovascular disease risk among HIV-positive persons and to suggest an appropriate clinical management. RESULTS An increased risk of myocardial infarction has been reported among HIVinfected subjects compared to the general population, but the pathogenic mechanism of this accelerated atherosclerotic process is complex and certainly multifactorial. The occurrence of myocardial infarction may be the consequence of traditional risk factors (that are overrepresented in the HIVinfected population), direct viral replication, and long-term toxicity of the antiretroviral drugs. Moreover, despite the persistent viral suppression induced by cART usually reduces the cardiovascular risk, several studies show in HIV-positive subjects a condition of chronic inflammation and immune activation that could lead to both accelerated endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerotic disease. CONCLUSION The cardiovascular risk reduction and coronary heart disease prevention are today a leading challenge for all the clinicians involved in the HIV patients' care.
Proteins involved in the degradation of cytoplasmic mRNA in the major eukaryotic model systems

The process of mRNA decay and surveillance is considered to be one of the main posttranscriptional gene expression regulation platforms in eukaryotes. The degradation of stable, protein-coding transcripts is normally initiated by removal of the poly(A) tail followed by 5’-cap hydrolysis and degradation of the remaining mRNA body by Xrn1. Alternatively, the exosome complex degrades mRNA in the 3’>5’direction. The newly discovered uridinylation-dependent pathway, which is present in many different organisms, also seems to play a role in bulk mRNA degradation. Simultaneously, to avoid the synthesis of incorrect proteins, special cellular machinery is responsible for the removal of faulty transcripts via nonsense-mediated, no-go, non-stop or non-functional 18S rRNA decay. This review is focused on the major eukaryotic cytoplasmic mRNA degradation pathways showing many similarities and pointing out main differences between the main model-species: yeast, Drosophila, plants and mammals.
The FASB's and IASB's New Revenue Recognition Standard: What Will Be the Effects on Earnings Quality, Deferred Taxes, Management Compensation, and on Industry-Specific Reporting?

The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) have been working for 13 years on a significantly different, converged standard for revenue recognition. The new standard was finally approved by both boards in 2014, and was to be effective for calendar-year companies beginning in 2017. On July 9, 2015, mounting concerns from preparers resulted in a one-year delay in implementation. An important consideration to examine is “what are the major indirect effects that may result from the adoption of the new revenue recognition standard? ” We discuss such effects on earnings quality, deferred taxes, management compensation, and on industry-specific reporting. Earnings quality may be reduced because the new standard will increase deferred tax balances, and provide executives with increased opportunity to manage earnings. Alternatively, the consistency in generally accepted accounting practices (GAAP), and comparability of revenue recognition practices across industries with similar transactions may improve earnings quality. The likely cumulative effect on earnings quality is not yet determinable. Second, management may have more opportunity to manipulate earnings through judgments and estimates, and accelerate earnings-based compensation. Thus, the standard may impact management compensation. Finally, we discuss industries that are likely to be the most impacted from the new standard. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
EULAR/PReS endorsed consensus criteria* for the classification of childhood vasculitides

Background: There has been a lack of appropriate classification criteria for vasculitis in children. Objective: To develop a widely accepted general classification for the vasculitides observed in children and specific and realistic classification criteria for common childhood vasculitides (Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP), Kawasaki disease (KD), childhood polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), Wegener’s granulomatosis (WG), and Takayasu arteritis (TA)). Methods: The project was divided into two phases: (1) the Delphi technique was used to gather opinions from a wide spectrum of paediatric rheumatologists and nephrologists; (2) a consensus conference using nominal group technique was held. Ten international experts, all paediatricians, met for the consensus conference. Agreement of at least 80% of the participants was defined as consensus. Results: Consensus was reached to base the general working classification for childhood vasculitides on vessel size. The small vessel disease was further subcategorised into “granulomatous” and “non-granulomatous. ” Final criteria were developed to classify a child as HSP, KD, childhood PAN, WG, or TA, with changes introduced based on paediatric experience. Mandatory criteria were suggested for all diseases except WG. Conclusions: It is hoped that the suggested criteria will be widely accepted around the world because of the reliable techniques used and the international and multispecialist composition of the expert group involved.
Interactions of the RecBCD enzyme from Escherichia coli and its subunits with DNA, elucidated from the kinetics of ATP and DNA hydrolysis with oligothymidine substrates.

Oligothymidines eight nucleotides or longer stimulate ATP hydrolysis by the RecBC and RecBCD enzymes, and they are substrates for the ATP-stimulated nuclease activity of RecBCD. The steady-state kinetics of ATP hydrolysis by the RecBC enzyme are consistent with a single ATPase and DNA binding site. Results with RecBCD and RecBCD-K177Q [an enzyme with a Lys-to-Gln mutation in the ATP binding motif of the RecD subunit [Korangy, F. , & Julin, D. A. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 1727-1732]] indicate that ATP hydrolysis by the RecB subunit is stimulated by pd(T)12 binding to a high-affinity site, while the RecD subunit hydrolyzes ATP stimulated by pd(T)12 binding to a low-affinity site. The site which stimulates RecB has about 50-fold greater affinity for DNA in either RecBCD or RecBCD-K177Q than does the corresponding site in RecBC. The rates of ATP hydrolysis observed for the RecBCD enzyme at low concentrations of pd(T)12 are best explained by a mechanism where the enzyme binds to the DNA and catalyzes multiple rounds of ATP hydrolysis before dissociating. Larger DNA molecules [pd(T)25-30 and poly(dT)] are bound more tightly by RecBCD, are hydrolyzed more rapidly, and are much more effective in stimulating ATP hydrolysis than is pd(T)12. The results at low ATP concentrations where the nuclease activity is minimal (5 microM) suggest that ATP hydrolysis is stimulated by the DNA ends, but there is no evidence that the RecBCD enzyme moves along these DNA molecules in an ATP-dependent manner under these conditions.
Regulatory mechanisms of transmembrane phospholipid distributions and pathophysiological implications of transbilayer lipid scrambling

The various phospholipid classes that comprise mammalian cell membranes are distributed over both leaflets of the bilayer in a non-random fashion. While a specific and ATP-dependent transporter is responsible for rapid inward movement of aminophospholipids, its inhibition does not lead to spontaneous redistribution of lipids. Conditions of cellular activation which are accompanied with increased levels of intracellular Ca2+ may cause a collapse of lipid asymmetry by switching on an ATP-independently operating scramblase, which accelerates bidirectional movement of all phospholipid classes. The most prominent change in transmembrane lipid distribution is surface exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS), the more so since conditions which activate scramblase in most if not all cases lead to inhibition of aminophospholipid translocase activity, which will prevent PS from being pumped back to the inner leaflet of the membrane. Surface-exposed PS serves at least two important physiological functions: it promotes blood coagulation and offers a recognition signal for clearance by macrophages and other cells of the reticuloendothelial system. As such, PS exposure may form an important early event in the process of apoptosis to ensure rapid removal of these cells in order to avoid release of their inflammatory contents. Defective regulation of transbilayer lipid distribution may result in clinical manifestations such as in the Scott syndrome, a bleeding disorder caused by an impaired scramblase activity. Conversely, excessive PS exposure may lead to thrombosis or may explain formation of so-called antiphospholipid antibodies as occurring in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome.
Fluoxetine ameliorates symptoms of refractory chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome.

BACKGROUND Category III chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a common syndrome of unclear etiology with significant impact on quality of life. Because the outcomes of multiple therapies for CP/CPPS have been far from approving, the possible psychological factors have been considered to play an important role in CP/CPPS. Based on this, we investigated the role of antidepressant drug (fluoxetine) in men with refractory CP/CPPS. METHODS In this study, 42 men diagnosed with refractory CP/CPPS without response to standard therapy (include multiple antibiotic courses and α-blockers) were referred for fluoxetine therapy. All patients received fluoxetine (20 mg/d) for three months and were clinically evaluated before (baseline), and after 4, 8 and 12 weeks of therapy. The evaluation included a National Institutes of Health-chronic prostatitis symptom index (NIH-CPSI) and a Beck depression inventory (BDI) questionnaire. Moreover, the subjective global assessment (SGA) was assessed at the 4th, 8th and 12th week of therapy. RESULTS Significant decreases were observed for total NIH-CPSI (28.55 to 9.29), NIH-CPSI pain (14.69 to 5.19), NIH-CPSI urinary (4.95 to 1.88), NIH-CPSI quality of life (8.83 to 2.20), and BDI (34.67 to 13.95) scores compared with baseline, all P values < 0.05. Twenty-nine (69.05%) reported marked improvement on the subjective global assessment and 33 (78.57%) had a greater than 50% decrease in NIH-CPSI at the end of therapy (12th week). At the same time, the Pearson correlation coefficient analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between BDI score and each CPSI score. No adverse events were reported in this study. CONCLUSIONS Fluoxetine appears to be a safe and effective treatment in improving symptoms in, and the quality of life of, men with difficult CP/CPPS. Moreover, amelioration of difficult CP/CPPS-related symptoms could be related to a decrease in depressive symptoms.
Kidney donors live longer.

BACKGROUND A very important issue in living kidney donor transplantation is whether the donation is safe for the donor. The aim of this study was to examine survival and causes of death in kidney donors and to assess the renal function in those who had donated a kidney more than 20 years ago. METHODS A total of 459 living donor nephrectomies were performed in Stockholm from 1964 until the end of 1994. By using national registers, all 430 donors living in Sweden were traced. Donor survival was analysed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Expected survival was computed using the Hakulinens method and was based on national mortality rates. RESULTS Forty-one subjects had died between 15 months and 31 years after the donation. The mortality pattern was similar to that in the general population, the majority dying of cardiovascular diseases and malignancies. After 20 years of follow-up, 85% of the donors were alive, whereas the expected survival rate was 66%. Survival was thus 29% better in the donor group. One third of the donors (aged 46-91 years) who had donated >20 years ago had hypertension. There was a deterioration in the renal function with increasing age, similar to what is seen among normal healthy subjects. The average glomerular filtration rate in donors aged 75 years and over was 48 ml/min/1.73 m2. CONCLUSIONS To donate a kidney does not seem to constitute any long-term risk. The better survival among donors is probably due to the fact that only healthy persons are accepted for living kidney donation.
Central Nervous System Progression During Systemic Response to Trastuzumab, Humanized Anti‐HER‐2/neu Antibody, Plus Paclitaxel in a Woman with Refractory Metastatic Breast Cancer

Abstract: Treatment of selected patients with anti‐HER‐2/neu antibodies alone ( 1 ) or in combination with chemotherapy ( 2 ) may be of benefit to patients with refractory breast cancer. Approximately 30% of breast cancers overexpress HER‐2/neu, a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor family. These patients may have a poorer overall prognosis ( 3 ) due to relative resistance to both hormonal therapy and chemotherapy (4–6 ).
The learning environment as a space for changes Summary

Science is not a simple increase of knowledge, but a change in state of mind. This demands a personalized approach to the teaching/learning process, the consideration of new spaces serving to gain information and experiences, as well as making use of the dialogical nature of man to create a learning community. The child cannot be a background for teachers’ actions but an authentic real creator of his/her development. School should evolve from a socially and culturally authorised knowledge-transferring institution into an agency which will be a community of life and work. This paper focuses on selected aspects of a new culture of learning: constructive, self-regulated, situated and collaborative, that prepares the student for smooth functioning in a world marked by change.
Erosion resistance of alumina-filled silicone rubber nanocomposites

This paper deals with the experimental studies on the erosion resistance of low weight % alumina-filled nanocomposites and highly filled microcomposites. Erosion resistances of 2.5 % and 4 % by weight alumina-filled silicone rubber nanocomposites and 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 % and 30 % by weight ATH filled microcomposites have been compared. For the performance comparison, inclined plane tracking and erosion resistance tests have been done on the silicone rubber samples. The results obtained indicate that the performance of 4 % by weight nanocomposite is comparable to that of the 30 % by weight ATH composite. Thermo gravimetric analysis shows that the thermal stability of the nanocomposite is better than the microcomposite even at low concentration of the nanofillers studied. The above encouraging results can be mainly attributed to the better thermal stability of the nanocomposite due to the large increase in the number of nanofillers, significant quantity of polymer chains with restricted mobility at the interface between the polymer and the fillers and better physical bonding between the nanofillers and the polymer matrix. Interestingly, formation of entirely different types of physical micro structures, viz., lump type and honey comb type have been observed at the degraded portions of the microcomposites and the nanocomposites respectively which also supports the above observation. It is also noticed that the ratio of r.m. s to average leakage current is a reflection of the degree of erosion of the sample which in turn seems to be a good indicator to assess the degradation performance of materials.
The study of handover procedure in LTE-based femtocell network

Wireless systems have the capability to address broad geographic area without the costly infrastructure deployment. However, the main drawback resides in the bandwidth limitation and the coverage for single access point. The deployment of Femtocell as the promising wireless access technology becomes one of the possible solution. In this paper the handover procedure in femtocell network is studied. The 3GPP LTE based handover is analysed in three scenarios: hand-in, hand-out and inter-FAP. In addition, the reactive and proactive handover strategy is also proposed as the handover decision policy to diminish the very frequent and unnecessary handovers.
The prevalence and correlation of carotid artery calcification on panoramic radiographs and peripheral arterial disease in a population from the Republic of Korea: the Dong-gu study.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of carotid artery calcification (CAC) detected on panoramic radiographs and peripheral arterial disease (PAD), and to evaluate the difference in the prevalence of PAD between patients with CAC and patients without CAC detectable by panoramic radiograph. METHODS The surveyed population consisted of 4078 subjects aged 50 years and older (1410 males and 2668 females) who underwent medical and dental examination in Gwangju city, South Korea. Two oral and maxillofacial radiologists interpreted the panoramic radiographs for the presence of carotid artery calcification. A trained research technician measured the ankle-brachial index (ABI). An ABI <0.9 in either leg was considered evidence of PAD. RESULTS The prevalence of CAC on panoramic radiographs was 6.2% and that of PAD was 2.6%. Subjects with CAC had a significantly higher prevalence of PAD than those without CAC (5.5% vs 2.4%, respectively). The presence of CAC on panoramic radiographs was associated with PAD (odds ratio 1.84; 95% confidence interval 1.01-3.36) after adjusting for potential confounders. CONCLUSION CACs detected on panoramic radiographs were positively associated with PAD in middle-aged and older Korean adults.
Spike generation from dorsal roots and cutaneous afferents by hypoxia or hypercapnia in the rat in vivo

The present study aimed at investigating the responsiveness of different parts of the primary afferent neurones to a brief hypoxia, hypercapnia or ischaemia under in vivo conditions. Action potentials were recorded in separate groups of anaesthetized rats from (i) the peripheral end of the central stump of the cut L3, L4 or L5 dorsal root (dorsal root preparation); (ii) the central end of the peripheral stump of the cut saphenous nerve (saphenous—receptor preparation); (iii) the distal end of a segment of the saphenous nerve cut at both ends (axon preparation). In paralysed animals interruption of artificial ventilation for 20–60 s elicited or increased the frequency of action potentials in both the dorsal root and saphenous‐receptor preparations. Activation of these preparations was also achieved by inspiration of gas mixtures containing 10‐0% oxygen (mixed with nitrogen) or 20–50% carbon dioxide (mixed with oxygen) which elicited in the blood a decrease in PO2 or an increase in PCO2 with a fall in pH. Occlusion of the femoral artery for 3 min also caused spike generation in the saphenous—receptor preparations with little alteration in blood pressure. All these stimuli failed to evoke action potentials in the axon preparations. Systemic (300 mg kg−1 s.c.) or perineural (2 %) capsaicin pretreatment failed to inhibit the effect of hypoxia, hypercapnia or ischaemia, indicating a significant contribution of capsaicin‐insensitive neurones to the responses. It is concluded that central and peripheral terminals but not axons of primary afferent neurones are excited by a brief hypoxia or hypercapnia and the peripheral terminals by a short local ischaemia as well. Excitation of central terminals by hypoxia or hypercapnia revealed in this way an antidromic activation of dorsal roots in response to natural chemical stimuli.