Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Identifying linear absolute instabilities from differential eigenvalue problems using sensitivity analysis

Identifying the convective/absolute instability nature of a local base flow requires an analysis of its linear impulse response. One must find the appropriate singularity in the eigenvalue problem with complex frequencies and wavenumbers and prove causality. One way to do so is to show that the appropriate integration contour of this response, a steepest decent path through the relevant singularity, exists. Due to the inherent difficulties of such a proof, one often verifies instead whether this singularity satisfies the collision criterion. In other words, one must show that the branches involved in the formation of this singularity come from distinct halves of the complex wavenumber plane. However, this graphical search is computationally intensive in a single plane and essentially prohibitive in two planes. A significant computational cost reduction can be achieved when root finding procedures are applied instead of graphical ones to search for singularities. They focus on locating these points, with causality being verified graphically a posteriori for a small parametric sample size. The use of root-finding procedures require auxiliary equations, often derived by applying the zero group velocity conditions to the dispersion relation. This relation, in turn, is derived by applying matrix forming to the differential eigenvalue problem and taking the determinant of the resulting system of algebraic equations. Taking the derivative of the dispersion relation with respect to the wavenumbers generates the auxiliary equations. If the algebraic system is decoupled, this derivation is straightforward. However, its computational cost is often prohibitive when the algebraic system is coupled. Other methods exist, but often they can also be too costly and/or not reliable for two wavenumber plane searches. This paper describes an alternative methodology based on sensitivity analysis and adjoints that allow the zero group velocity conditions to be applied directly to the differential eigenvalue problem. In doing so, the direct and auxiliary differential eigenvalue problems can be solved simultaneously using standard shooting methods to directly locate singularities. Auxiliary dispersion relations no longer have to be derived, although it is shown that they are the algebraic equivalent of the auxiliary differential eigenvalue problems obtained by this alternative methodology. Using the latter dramatically reduces computational costs. The search for arbitrary singularities is then not only accelerated in single wavenumber planes but it also becomes viable in two wavenumber planes. Finally, the new method also allows group velocity calculations, greatly facilitating the verification of causality. Several test cases are presented to illustrate the capabilities of this new method.
Friction-Induced Hardening Behaviors and Tribological Properties of 60NiTi Alloy Lubricated by Lithium Grease Containing Nano-BN and MoS2

Abstract Hardened 60NiTi alloy, which possesses a unique set of desirable properties, has been considered as an attractive candidate for the bearing materials used in space mechanisms. However, the typical hardening process (quenching from high temperatures with a high cooling rate) may result in quench cracking, especially in casting parts. With this in mind, the feasibility of friction-induced surface hardening of 60NiTi under the lubrication of lithium-based greases containing nanoparticles was explored in our research. In addition, the tribological properties of 60NiTi alloy lubricated with lithium-based greases containing different proportions of nanoparticles were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to characterize the surface of worn 60NiTi. An obvious friction-induced hardening effect on the 60NiTi alloy disc surface was identified, which was due to the formation of a hard metastable Ti3Ni4 phase and B2TiNi phase during the friction process. The lubrication effects of all of the modified grease were superior to those of the base grease, and the antiwear properties were closely related to the types of single nano-additives and the proportion of composite nano-additives.
Staphylococcus aureus Infects Osteoclasts and Replicates Intracellularly

The inflammation of bone tissue is called osteomyelitis, and most cases are caused by an infection with the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. To date, the bone-building cells, osteoblasts, have been implicated in the progression of these infections, but not much is known about how the bone-resorbing cells, osteoclasts, participate. In this study, we show that S. aureus can infect osteoclasts and proliferate inside these cells, whereas bone-residing macrophages, immune cells related to osteoclasts, destroy the bacteria. These findings elucidate a unique role for osteoclasts to harbor bacteria during infection, providing a possible mechanism by which bacteria could evade destruction by the immune system. ABSTRACT Osteomyelitis (OM), or inflammation of bone tissue, occurs most frequently as a result of bacterial infection and severely perturbs bone structure. OM is predominantly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, and even with proper treatment, OM has a high rate of recurrence and chronicity. While S. aureus has been shown to infect osteoblasts, it remains unclear whether osteoclasts (OCs) are also a target of intracellular infection. Here, we demonstrate the ability of S. aureus to intracellularly infect and divide within OCs. OCs were differentiated from bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) by exposure to receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL). By utilizing an intracellular survival assay and flow cytometry, we found that at 18 h postinfection the intracellular burden of S. aureus increased dramatically in cells with at least 2 days of RANKL exposure, while the bacterial burden decreased in BMMs. To further explore the signals downstream of RANKL, we manipulated factors controlling OC differentiation, NFATc1 and alternative NF-κB, and found that intracellular bacterial growth correlates with NFATc1 levels in RANKL-treated cells. Confocal and time-lapse microscopy in mature OCs showed a range of intracellular infection that correlated inversely with S. aureus-phagolysosome colocalization. The propensity of OCs to become infected, paired with their diminished bactericidal capacity compared to BMMs, could promote OM progression by allowing S. aureus to evade initial immune regulation and proliferate at the periphery of lesions where OCs are most abundant. IMPORTANCE The inflammation of bone tissue is called osteomyelitis, and most cases are caused by an infection with the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. To date, the bone-building cells, osteoblasts, have been implicated in the progression of these infections, but not much is known about how the bone-resorbing cells, osteoclasts, participate. In this study, we show that S. aureus can infect osteoclasts and proliferate inside these cells, whereas bone-residing macrophages, immune cells related to osteoclasts, destroy the bacteria. These findings elucidate a unique role for osteoclasts to harbor bacteria during infection, providing a possible mechanism by which bacteria could evade destruction by the immune system.
The labor market in industrial cluster analysis

The paper offers a description of methodologies used in industrial cluster analysis in conjunction with the labor market analysis. The author explores many tools utilized in cluster identi-fication: quantitative methods (LQ, shift-share), qualitative methods (MSQA) and mixed tools (cluster analysis in conjunction with discriminant analysis, spider diagram, GEM model, ne-twork analysis). Each tool is described in terms of its connection with the labor market.Niniejszy artykul zawiera opis wybranych narzedzi badawczych wykorzystywanych w badaniach klastrow przemyslowych, ktore mają zastosowanie rowniez w analizie rynku pracy. Wśrod opisanych metod znalazly sie metody ilościowe (wspolczynnik lokalizacji LQ, analiza shift-share), jakościowe (Multi-Sectoral Qualitative Analysis MSQA) oraz mieszane (analiza "sktorow przodujących", diagram pajeczynowy, model GEM, analiza sieci wspolpracy).
Interdependence of intra- and inter-domain motions in the PSD-95 PDZ12 tandem

PSD-95 is the most abundant scaffold protein in the postsynaptic density of neurons. Its two N-terminal PDZ domains form an autonomous structural unit and their interdomain orientation and dynamics was shown to be dependent on binding to various partner proteins. To understand the mechanistic details of the effect of ligand binding on interdomain structure and dynamics, we generated conformational ensembles using experimentally determined NOE interatomic distances and S2 order parameters, available from the literature. In our approach no explicit restraints between the two domains were used and their fast dynamics was also treated independently. We found that intradomain structural changes induced by ligand binding have a profound effect on the interfaces where interdomain contacts can be formed, modulating the probability of the occurrence of specific domain-domain orientations. Our results suggest that the β2-β3 loop in the PDZ domains is a key regulatory region that, through interacting with the upstream residues of the C-terminal peptide ligand, influences both intradomain motions and supramodular rearrangement.
An Object-Oriented Modeling Approach for Production Scheduling on CNC-Machines in Flexible Manufacturing System to Maximize Cutting Tool Utilization

This paper discusses production scheduling problems on CNC-machines having a set of cutting tools in a Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) to maximize the cutting tools utilization. This objective has been selected because it is frequently found that cutting tools are under-utilized as they are used far below their respective lifetime limits. We will consider the situation where several identical CNC-machines are operated in an FMS; each of which is equipped with the same cutting tool configuration. The jobs to be scheduled are machining parts, and each of the parts requires one to two stages of processes, and each of the stages consists of several sequential operations, where a specific operation requires a certain type of cutting tool. Whenever a certain cutting tool is being used, the time consumption will be accumulated to calculate its remaining lifetime. The assignment of an operation to a particular CNC-machine will be based on the sufficiency of the cutting tool remaining lifetime to complete the operation. We formulate the problem in a mathematical model and then solve it using a solution method based on the object-oriented modeling approach, where the FMS elements are grouped as classes of the objects, i.e. the CNC-machine, the cutting-tool, the product (job) and the storage classes. Numerical examples show that the proposed solution method can effectively solve the scheduling problem.
Multisite phosphorylation is responsible for timing robustness of G 1 / S transition in yeast

transition is triggered by a surge of G1/S cyclin-Cdks, Clb5/6Cdk. This surge is due to rapid degradation of Sic1, which sequesters Clb5/6-Cdk into an inactive complex. Sic1 has nine consensus Cdk phosphorylation sites, and it degrades rapidly when six of these sites are phosphorylated. Rapid destruction of Sic1 was believed to be a result of multi-site phosphorylation. Our experiments, however, showed that a single phosphorylation site can generate just as sharp a degradation but, variability in initiation timing in this case is much larger. We study the transition using computer simulations to gain insight on how multi-site phosphorylation can decrease the variability in timing of the transition. Preliminary results confirm experiments, suggesting a complex mechanism, in which specificities of kinases involved in the transition differ for each phosphorylation site.
LOW POWER-AREA DESIGN OF FULL ADDER USING SELF RESETTING LOGIC WITH GDI TECHNIQUE

Various electronic devices such as mobile phones, DSPs,ALU etc., are designed by using VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration) technology. In VLSI dynamic CMOS logic circuits are concentrating on the Area ,reducing the power consumption and increasing the Speed by reducing the delay. ALU (Arithmetic Logic Circuits) are designed by using adder, subtractors, multiplier, divider, etc.Various adder circuits designs have been proposed over last few years with different logic styles. To reduce the power consumption several parameters are to be taken into account, such as feedthrough, leakage power single-event upsets, charge sharing by parasitic components while connecting source and drain of CMOS transistors There are situations in a logic that permit the use of circuits that can automatically precharge themselves (i.e., reset themselves) after some prescribed delays. These circuits are hence called postcharge or self-resetting logic which are widely used in dynamic logic circuits. Overall performance of various adder designs is evaluated by using Tanner tool . The earlier and the proposed SRLGDI primitives are simulated using Tanner EDA with BSIM 0.250 lm technology with supply voltage ranging from 0 V to 5 V in steps of 0.2 V. On comparing the various SRLGDI logic adders, the proposed adder shows low power, delay and low PDP among its counterparts.
Spectra Aerosol Light Scattering and Absorption for Laboratory and Urban Aerosol

Atmospheric aerosols considerably influence the climate, reduce visibility, and cause problems in human health. Aerosol light absorption and scattering are the important factors in the radiation transfer models. However, these properties are associated with large uncertainties in climate modeling. In addition, atmospheric aerosols widely vary in composition and size; their optical properties are highly wavelength dependent. This work presents the spectral dependence of aerosol light absorption and scattering throughout the ultraviolet to near-infrared regions. Data were collected in Reno, NV from 2008 to 2010. Also presented in this study are the aerosol optical and physical properties during carbonaceous aerosols and radiative effects study (CARES) conducted in Sacramento area during 2010. Measurements were made using photoacoustic instruments (PA), including a novel UV 355 nm PA of our design and manufacture. Comparative analyses are presented for three main categories: (1) aerosols produced by wildfires and traffic emissions, (2) laboratory-generated and wintertime ambient urban aerosols, and (3) urban plume and biogenic emissions. In these categories, key questions regarding the light absorption by secondary organic aerosols (SOA), so -called brown carbon (BrC), and black carbon (BC) will be discussed. An effort is made to model the emission and aging of urban and biomass burning aerosol by applying shell-core calculations. Multispectral PA measurements of aerosols light absorption and scattering coefficients were used to calculate the Ångström exponent of absorption (AEA) and single scattering albedo (SSA). The AEA and SSA values were analyzed to differentiate the aerosol sources. The California wildfire aerosols exhibited strong wavelength dependence of
Genetic analysis of spike length in wheat

The permanent need for efficient plant breeding comes from the increment of human population, which is projected to reach 9.7 million by 2050. Novel approaches could be used to reach these goals more rapidly, raising the question of efficiency, as well. Spike length is one of the important components of grain yield formation in wheat. The influence of individual plan traits is getting more important to grain yield formation per area unit in stressful growing conditions, which are increasingly present due to global climate changes. The objectives of the present research were three-fold: (i) to determine the influence of a genotype, environment and their interaction on spike length and to evaluate stability of the trait; (ii) to present cause-causing links on a graphical example; (iii) to transform a number of possibly correlated variables into a smaller number of uncorrelated variables called principal components. Samples were obtained from 96 winter wheat cultivars grown in 2011/12 and 2012/13 on two locations. The wheat genotype population was profiled with 28 microsatellites. The ANOVA of the total phenotypic variation of the experiment shows that genotypes took the largest portion, followed by the influence of the GE interaction. Additional analysis of the GE interaction using the PCA analysis shows a statistical significance of the first two main components. In the conducted research, the dispersion of the points represents two subpopulations, but the geographical origin could not explain the grouping of genotypes within the same, so the division into two groups was done on the basis of their lines of descent.
Whipping Girl: A Transsexual Woman on Sexism and the Scapegoating of Femininity

A provocative manifesto, Whipping Girl tells the powerful story of Julia Serano, a transsexual woman whose supremely intelligent writing reflects her diverse background as a lesbian transgender activist and professional biologist. Serano shares her experiences and observations both pre- and post-transition to reveal the ways in which fear, suspicion, and dismissiveness toward femininity shape our societal attitudes toward trans women, as well as gender and sexuality as a whole. Serano's well-honed arguments stem from her ability to bridge the gap between the often-disparate biological and social perspectives on gender. She exposes how deep-rooted the cultural belief is that femininity is frivolous, weak, and passive, and how this "feminine" weakness exists only to attract and appease male desire. In addition to debunking popular misconceptions about transsexuality, Serano makes the case that today's feminists and transgender activist must work to embrace and empower femininity in all of its wondrous forms. "
Understanding the Educational Mobility of Men and Women and the Schooling Progression of Boys and Girls in the Philippines: A Regional Perspective

Current global trends show that boys have consistently underperformed in the academic front, an observation that can be noted in the Philippines as well. At the national level, a clear reversal of the gender schooling gap between men and women is evident. However, patterns also reveal that there are regions in which men have comparable schooling years with women. To make sense of these patterns, there is a need to cast the analysis of human capital accumulation within an intergenerational perspective. This paper adopts a cohort-based, regional perspective to trace the evolution of educational mobility among men and women. Results indicate substantial differences between sons and daughters, with daughters notably outperforming sons in terms of educational mobility and human capital accumulation. Comments to this paper are welcome within 60 days from date of posting. Email publications@mail.pids. gov.ph.
Addressing the Gender Gap in Distinguished Speakers at Professional Ecology Conferences

Keynote and plenary speakers at professional conferences serve as highly visible role models for early-career scientists and provide recognition of scientific excellence. This recognition may be particularly important for women, who are underrepresented in senior positions in the biological sciences. To evaluate whether conferences fulfill this potential, we examined distinguished speakers at North American ecology conferences between 2000 and 2015 and compared these data with the percentage of women ecologists at diverse career stages. We found that 15%–35% (x– = 28%, n = 809) of the distinguished speakers were women, which is significantly lower than the percentage of female ecology graduate students (x– = 55%, n = 26,802) but consistent with the percentage of women in assistant- and associate-faculty positions. We recommend that conference organizers institute policies to enhance speaker gender balance, to provide support for speakers with family responsibilities, and to actively monitor gender-related trends in their societies to achieve the equitable representation of women in distinguished speaking roles.
Construction of Knowledge Graphs for Maritime Dangerous Goods

Dangerous goods occupy an important proportion in international shipping, and government and enterprises pay a lot of attention to transport safety. There are a wide variety of dangerous goods, and the knowledge involved is extensive and complex. Organizing and managing this knowledge plays an important role in the safe transportation of dangerous goods. The knowledge graph is a mass of brand-new knowledge management technologies that provide powerful technical support for integrating domain knowledge and solving the problem of the “knowledge island. ” This paper first introduces the knowledge of maritime dangerous goods (MDG); constructs a three-layer knowledge structure of MDG, dividing this knowledge into two categories; uses ontology to express the concepts, entities, and relations of MDG; and puts forward the representation methods of the conceptual layer and entity layer and designs them in detail. Finally, the knowledge graph of maritime dangerous goods (KGMDG) is constructed. Furthermore, we demonstrate the knowledge visualization, retrieval, and automatic judgment of segregation requirement based on KGMDG. It is proved that KGMDG does not only help to simplify the retrieval process of professional knowledge and to promote intelligent transportation but is also conducive to the sharing, dissemination, and utilization of MDG knowledge.
German Hidden Champions: competitive strategies, knowledge management and innovation in globally leading niche players

Hidden Champions (HCs) are firms unknown to the wider public, but global leaders in the niche markets they serve. This paper looks at distinctive features of these firms, focusing on competitive strategies, knowledge management and innovation. Employing a unique data base on German firms, we identify a representative sample of German HCs and examine differences to other firms using a matching technique. We find that HCs’ competitive strategy rests on technology leadership and customisation. HCs are more open in their knowledge management, but without compromising control over the new product development process. HCs do not invest more into innovation, but achieve higher innovation success. The higher efficiency can be linked to their superior technological capabilities and to higher investment in human capital and HR management practices that mobilise the creative potential of their employees.