Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Tecnología blockchain: funcionamiento, aplicaciones y retos jurídicos relacionados

espanolLa tecnologia blockchain es una de las tecnologias sobre las que mas se ha debatido en los ultimos meses. Aunque su aplicacion mas popular son las llamadas “criptomonedas” o “criptoactivos”, existen muchos otros campos en los que se estan considerando, y ya realizando, usos de esta tecnologia. El trabajo presenta brevemente las claves para poder entender y valorar su potencial: repasa los fundamentos de su funcionamiento, describe sus aplicaciones, y apunta, en fin, algunos retos juridicos que su utilizacion plantea EnglishBlockchain technology has been one of the most debated technologies in recent months. While cryptocurrencies or cryptoassets are among its most popular applications, there are many other fields in which the use of this technology is being considered or is already being implemented. This article presents the keys to understanding and assessing its potential, by offering an overview of the basics of how it works, describing its applications and pointing out some of the legal challenges they pose.
Bone mineral mass and bone turnover parameters in osteoporosis

textabstractIn the past decades osteoporosis has been recognized as an important public health problem. Several causes for this problem can be pointed out. The most probable cause for the development of osteoporosis is the loss of ovarian function in women and the increasing age of people, thereby increasing the incidence of osteoporosis. Other causes or risk factors for the development of osteoporosis are immobilization and dietary deficiencies. Finally, the outcome of osteoporosis is an increased risk for the development of fractures (chapter 1.3). The terminology associated with osteoporosis was developed in the nineteenth century by German pathologists to distinguish diseases of bone. Pommer stated in 1926 that in osteoporosis the formation of bone by osteoblasts was not able to replace the bone resorbed by osteoclasts. Pommer performed extensive histomorphometric analysis of bone, thereby distinguishing various forms of osteoporosis (senile, immobility), osteomalacia and osteitis fibrosa cystica.
Dementia in the elderly: the "silent epidemic" no more.

Nowadays laypersons and professionals alike are keenly aware of Alzheimer's disease. We know that Alzheimer's disease and related disorders are increasingly common, especially in advanced industrial countries that have already made the transition to an increasingly aging society (1). If nothing else, the growing number of persons with dementing illnesses who occupy nursing homes draws the attention of the public and policy makers to this important problem. The high costs of long-term care alone are compelling reasons for medicine and society to be interested in the so-called epidemic of Alzheimer's disease (2). However, just twenty-five to thirty years ago, medicine had a different appreciation ofAlzheimer's disease and dementia in general. When I was in medical school, my teachers taught about dementia using the phrase "pre-senile dementia," illustrating this rare condition with patients affected at a relatively young age with Alzheimer's and Pick's disease. Indeed the first patient Alzheimer described with the disease which now bears his name was a young woman about 50 years old. We were also treated to other examples of patients, again relatively unusual and certainly not your everyday primary care patients, who were long time residents of state hospitals suffering from subacute combined systems disease and dementia due to untreated vitamin B-12 deficiency and with "dementia pugilistica"-what we would now call post-traumatic encephalopathy. Elderly persons in the community or even in nursing homes with "senility" were variously described by lay and professionals as suffering from old age (normal aging), "hardening of the arteries", or "just not paying attention". As hospital residents, we evaluated patients with dementia by doing neurology workups looking for treatable structural causes with tests characterized as "little casino" (brain scan and electroencephalogram) or "big casino" (angiogram, pneumoencephalo-
Side-effects and interactions of phytopharmaceuticals

Die markant gestiegenen Umsatzzahlen, die viele pflanzliche Arzneimittel in den letzten Jahren erzielten, zeugen vom Vertrauen, das ein groser Teil der Bevolkerung pflanzlichen Arzneidrogen entgegenbringt. Dafur verantwortlich ist in erster Linie die weit verbreitete Ansicht, pflanzliche Heilmittel seien frei von Nebenwirkungen. Die lange Tradition und die «naturliche» Herkunft allein, auf die man sich in diesem Zusammenhang gerne beruft, sind jedoch keine Garanten fur Sicherheit im Umgang mit pflanzlichen Arzneimitteln. Wenn auch ein groser Teil der ernsthaften unerwunschten Ereignisse auf Verfalschungen, Verunreinigungen und mangelnde Qualitatskontrollen zuruckzufuhren sind, so durfen auch qualitatsgeprufte pflanzliche Arzneidrogen nicht generell als harmlos eingestuft werden. Wirkstoffe mit toxischen und kanzerogenen Eigenschaften konnten mittlerweile in verschiedenen Phytotherapeutika nachgewiesen werden. Inzwischen liegen auch Hinweise uber Wechselwirkungen mit anderen Arzneimitteln vor, bei denen Ph.
Spatial, Thematic and Temporal Views

This paper explores the use of database views in the context of a GIS specialized as a geographic query tool for an object-relational database. Data from cadastral systems are used in case study examples. These data include the cadastral map (geometric) data and the land registration (administrative) data. The integration of geometric and administrative data is realized by using views based on joins without changing the original data models. Thematic overview maps are created by aggregate views on the administrative data. Finally, views are used to deal with the time aspect of the spatial-temporal data. This paper shows the power of the relational database view concept, but also indicates some problem areas: manipulating with topologically structured data, traversing hierarchical structures, and handling spatial aggregates. keywords: view, DBMS, cadastre, query tool, GIS
Multimedia QoS provisioning using opportunistic scheduling in TDMA/CDMA networks

The unique characteristics of wireless networks, namely the time varying channel conditions and multiuser diversity necessitate new scheduling solutions to be developed. The wireless resource is scarce and the mobile users perceive time varying channel conditions. To effectively harness the precious resource and achieve higher network performance, good scheduling schemes opportunistically seeking to exploit channel conditions is absolutely essential. The prime objective of this work is to improve system performance (e.g. throughput, capacity) under various fairness and QoS constraints. Simulation analysis of the proposed scheme is carried out under both TDMA and CDMA environments. As expected the obtained results prove to have higher throughput satisfying per user QoS constraints in both environments. In addition to this, system capacity and resource utilisation are considerably improved. Hence, this channel-based scheduler offers a substantial system gain, which is the basic requirement in a multiuser wireless scenario. However, a trade off always occurs between system throughput and user fairness.
A Retrospective on the Classical Gold Standard, 1821-1931

This is a timely review of the gold standard covering the 110 years of its operation until 1931, when Britain abandoned it in the midst of the Depression. Current dissatisfaction with floating rates of exchange has spurred interest in a return to a commodity standard. The studies in this volume were designed to gain a better understanding of the historical gold standard, but they also throw light on the question of whether restoring it today could help cure inflation, high interest rates, and low productivity growth. The volume includes a review of the literature on the classical gold standard; studies the experience with gold in England, Germany, Italy, Sweden, and Canada; and perspectives on international linkages and the stability of price-level trends under the gold standard. The articles and commentaries reflect strong, conflicting views among hte participants on issues of central bank behavior, purchasing-power an interest-rate parity, independent monetary policies, economic growth, the "Atlantic economy," and trends in commodity prices and long-term interest rates. This is a thoughtful and provocative book.
A Method for Spaceborne SAR Geolocation Based on Continuously Moving Geometry

③ (Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China) Abstract: Geolocation is a very important step in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data processing. The precision of geolocation severely affects the applications of SAR images. This paper analyzes the influences on SAR geolocation caused by the traditional "stop-go" approximation, and establishes the range-Doppler equations for the real continuously moving configuration. It also provides a simplified way of solving the equations. Simulations and geolocation experiments on real SAR data of the Beijing area validate the proposed method and show the correctness of the analysis.
Pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia encountered in the clinic. It is often associated with hemodynamic and neurohormonal cardiovascular abnormalities, including heart failure (HF), hypertension, valvular and ischemic heart disease. These derangements cause or promote the development of AF triggers and atrial remodeling giving rise to the arrhythmogenic substrate. Rapid activation of the atria during AF leads to further electrical and structural remodeling, thus facilitating the maintenance of AF. For his reason, AF is said to beget-AF. Pulmonary veins are the prime source for AF trigger(s) and may also be the source for AF drivers. Pulmonary vein sleeves are thin muscular structures and as such are sensitive to pressure and volume overload-induced stretch, which may account for their exceptional arrhythmogenic proclivity. Long-term maintenance of AF is believed to be due largely to a reentrant mechanism(s), but direct evidence is often lacking and the controversy continues. The development and maintenance of AF are multifactorial and involve dynamic pathophysiologic processes which are in many cases not well defined or understood. This chapter reviews our current understanding of pathophysiology of AF.
Personal Pronouns in Present-Day English

1. Personal pronouns: definitions and descriptions 2. Pronouns, anaphora and discourse 3. You and me, them and us: the politics of pronouns 4. Between you and I: problems of case 5. No one's sexist, are they? The problem of 'generic he' 6. English as she is spoken: pronouns and personification 7. Possessives and reflexives: current trends Conclusion Notes References Index.
Exploring quality in a university : a critical systems approach : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Educational Studies at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

Since the 1 990s quality management has been translocated from industry into higher education. However, there is little evidence that improvement in the core functions of universities has resulted. This study adopts a critical systems approach that is grounded in a critique of prevail ing models of qual ity management to explore qual ity in a university. It examines the potential of Critical Systems Thinking enacted through Total Systems Intervention (TSI) to promote improvement. A case is made for local intervention towards improvement. The thesis is structured around the three modes of TSI, namely Critical Review, Problem Solving and Critical Reflection . A Critical Review of Quality Management suggests that the opposition of academics to quality initiatives in general, and to Quality Management in particular, is rooted in its language and underlying image of organization. This proposition is explored through an analysis of key Quality Management definitions and concepts in relation to the university. The importance of language, metaphors and images of organization are explored. The fitness for purpose of industrial models of qual ity for universities is challenged. TSI is employed in its Problem Solving mode to describe the quality problem for an academic unit within a university in New Zealand initially from the perspective of its staff and students. For them, the quality problem mainly related to better promoting learning. Analysis and reflection on the problem and context drawing on systems methodologies shaped interventions for improvement. Critical Reflection on a cycle of participative creativity, choice and implementation identified cultural, structural and environmental factors that present threats not only to quality improvement but also to the viability of the unit. The main findings and conclusions question the appropriateness of current models of QM in the university . The thesis demonstrates key systemic problems in higher education; provides a rationale for systemic interventions; identifies pressures that make resistance to systems thinking almost inevitable; and i l lustrates that TSI is more appropriately used by external researchers than insider researchers. Nevertheless, critical systems approaches, in particular boundary critique, help to structure the problem of improving quality in locally meaningful ways. The challenges of using systems ideas and systems methodologies in the university context, however, are substantial.
Lessons for South Africa from Asia on medical tourism's practice and potential : peer reviewed special article

This study focuses on the medical tourism market in Asia and particularly on India and Thailand, two countries South Africa should strive to emulate in their offerings for the local medical tourism industry. When tourists travel to another country for medical treatment as well as for sightseeing, the practice is called medical tourism. In the last few years this trend has increased. This emergent global trend of increased medical tourism is expected to gain momentum in the coming decades as travelers seek destinations abroad that are associated with wellness and affordable medical care. How countries are marketing medical tourism destinations and the choices of consumers in this regard are important aspects for the South African tourism market to consider. Additionally, the economic impact of medical tourism on countries such as especially India, where it is virtually a routine practice, and how tourism may be affected by the development of medical pharmaceuticals, medical equipment, and medical industry job creation, are aspects worthy of consideration as South Africa seeks to obtain an important part of the market. Medical tourists cannot make an informed choice about treatment when comparing different hospitals in different countries and at best make a partially informed choice. The strategy should be to get them to come to South Africa because we are a preferred option with a good reputation in healthcare. This article seeks to address these issues and make suggestions on how medical tourism offerings can be improved in South Africa so as to make medical tourism increase in volume.
THE PREVALENCE OF EARLY DENTAL CARIES AND ITS CONTRIBUTING FACTORS AMONG 3-6-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN IN VARAMIN, IRAN

Background: Early dental caries in childhood is one of the health problems. This survey was carried out to determine the prevalence of dental caries and its contributing factors among 3-6 year old children in Varamin, Iran kindergartens. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 838 children aged 3-6 years from Varamin kindergartens were selected by census and examined for dental caries using WHO criteria. Variables including age, gender and the location of kindergarten were recorded in a check list. The socioeconomic state of kindergartens’ locations, were classified as high, moderate and low level by the consensus of 5 informative natives and governmental experts. Data were analyzed using Kappa, Mann-Whitney U, Chi-Square, Kruskull Wallis, and Spearman's Correlation Coefficient. Results: The mean score of dmft index (Decayed/ Missed/ Filled Tooth) in the studied children was 3.99±4.30 and 28.2% of children were caries free. dmft score showed a significant direct relationship with age. Children in rural areas had significant higher mean dmft score compared to children in urban areas (P=0.056). There was no significant statistical difference between dmft and gender or socioeconomic status of the location of kindergartens. Conclusion: The results indicate a high prevalence of early dental caries in Varamin children. Therefore, particular emphasis should be placed on educational and interventional programs, especially for mothers and kindergarten nurses and trainers. Keywords: Dental caries, Early childhood caries, Kindergarten children, Varamin, Iran
Robust decentralised variable structure control for rigid robotic manipulators

In this thesis, the problem of robust variable structure control for non-linear rigid robotic manipulators is investigated. Robustness and convergence results are presented for variable structure control systems of robotic manipulators with bounded unknown disturbances, nonlinearities, dynamical couplings and parameter uncertainties. The major outcomes of the work described in this thesis are summarised as given below. The basic variable structure theory is surveyed, and some basic ideas such as sliding mode designs, robustness analysis and control1er design methods for linear or non-Jinear systems are reviewed. Three recent variable structure control schemes for robotic manipulators are discussed and compared to highlight the research developments in this area. A decentralised variable structure model reference adaptive control scheme is proposed for a class of large scale systems. It is shown that, unlike previous decentralised variable structure control schemes, the local variable structure controller design in this scheme requires only three bounds of the subsystem matrices and dynamical interactions instead of the upper and the lower bounds of all unknown subsystem parameters. Using this scheme, not only asymptotic convergence of the output tracking error can be guaranteed, but also the controller design is greatly simplified. In order to eliminate chattering caused by the variable structure technique, local boundary layer controiJers are presented. Furthermore, the scheme is applied to the tracking control of robotic manipulators with the result that strong robustness and asymptotic convergence of the output tracking error are obtained. iii
Smoking cessation treatment in primary and specialized care, a real opportunity

| Aten Primaria 2002. 15 de septembe. 30 (4): 197-206 | 197 Aim. To determine whether primary care provides a suitable framework for integrated treatment aimed at smoking cessation with systematic minimal intervention or pharmacological treatment with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). To compare the results with those obtained in a specialized pneumology unit. Design. Prospective, quasi-experimental study. Setting. Primary and specialized care services. Participants. 357 smokers who were followed at a health center (166) or a specialized clinic (191) during a 6-month period. Interventions. Two types of intervention were used depending on the patients’ degree of nicotine dependence: systematic minimal intervention for those with low dependence or who were still in the contemplation or precontemplation phase, and NRT for those with high dependence, in the preparation phase. Main outcome measures. Twelve months after the start of the study, abstinence among participants who received systematic minimal intervention was 36.5% in primary care patients and 41.8% in specialized care patients (P>.05). Among participants who received NRT abstinence was 37.1% in the former group and 35.5% in the latter (P>.05). The percentage of patients lost to follow-up was 8.6% in specialized care and 6.3% in primary care. Conclusions. The results lead us to recommend smoking cessation treatment integrated in the primary care setting, either with systematic minimal intervention or NRT.
Pengaruh Suhu Penyimpanan dan Jumlah Perforasi Kemasan Terhadap Karakteristik Fisik dan Kimia Brokoli (Brassica oleracea var. Royal G) Fresh-Cut

[The Effect of Storage Temperatures and Perforations on Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Fresh-Cut Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Royal G)] Fresh-cut adalah perlakuan dengan membuang bagian yang tidak dikonsumsi pada sayuran dan buah-buahan dengan dikupas, atau dipotong sehingga 100% produk dapat digunakan untuk kemudian dikemas dan didistribusikan kepada konsumen dalam kondisi nutrisi, flavor dan kesegaran yang masih terpelihara. Fresh-cut atau pengolahan minimal dalam bentuk potongan segar merupakan alternatif untuk mempercepat dan mempermudah proses pengolahan, meningkatkan keamanan dan kualitas, memperluas distribusi, dan mengurangi limbah sampah yang dapat mencemari lingkungan. Dalam mempertahankan mutu brokoli fresh-cut selama penyimpanan disarankan untuk menggunakan kemasan dan penyimpanan pada suhu dingin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan suhu penyimpanan dan jumlah perforasi yang memberikan efek paling baik pada kualitas segar brokoli potongan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dari bulan April sampai Juli 2014 di Laboratorium Fisiologi Hasil, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran (BALITSA) di Lembang. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial . Faktor pertama adalah suhu penyimpanan, yaitu : 5oC dan 10°C. Faktor kedua adalah jumlah perforasi, yaitu : 0,5% dan 1% dan tiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 6 kali. Hasil penelitian terpilih adalah perlakuan brokoli yang disimpan pada suhu 5 o C dengan jumlah perforasi 0,5%. Jumlah lubang perforasi yang berlebihan mengakibatkan kebusukan pada brokoli. Keywords Fresh-cut brokoli; Karakteristik; Suhu penyimpanan; Perforasi Abstract Fresh-cut is a treatment for vegetable of fruit by removing the part that is not consumed peeling or cutting so that 100% of the products can be used for later packaged and distributed to the consumer in a state of nutrition, flavor, and freshness are preserved. Fresh-cut or minimal processing in the form of fresh cuts is an alternative to accelerate and simplify processing, improve security and quality, expand distribution, and reduce waste that can pollute the environment. In maintaining the quality of fresh-cut broccoli during storage is recommended to use the packaging and storage at cold temperature. The purpose of this study was to determine the storage temperatures and the number of perforations that provide the best effect on the quality of fresh- cut broccoli. This research was conducted from April to July 2014 in the Laboratory of Postharvest, Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute (IVEGRI) at Lembang. The research used randomized block design with factorial pattern. The first factor was the storage temperature 5oC and 10°C. The second factor was number of perforations 0,5% and 1%. Each treatment was repeated six times. The result of selected study was broccoli stored at 5°C with a number of perforations of 0.5%. Excessive number of perforated holes caused broccoli to be rot.
Microarray Data Reproduced, But Some Concerns Remain

GENOMICSIn a clutch of six papers published online last week by Nature Biotechnology , a consortium of 137 researchers from 51 different organizations concludes that gene-expression microarrays work better than expected and that results can usually be reproduced across labs. ([Read more][1].) [1]: http://www.sciencemag. org/cgi/content/full/313/5793/1559a