Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Description of the first Lessepsian squid migrant, Sepioteuthis lessoniana (CEPHALOPODA: Loliginidae), in the Aegean Sea (Eastern Mediterranean)

Loliginid squids of the Sepioteuthis lessoniana complex are widely spread in the Indo-Pacific Ocean, where they constitute a commercially important resource for neritic fisheries. Sepioteuthis lessoniana is the only Lessepsian squid migrant till now, recorded for the first time in the Mediterranean in 2002 along the Turkish Levantine coasts. Two maturing males, with mantle lengths 193 mm and 244 mm, have been recently caught near the coasts of Rhodes Island (SE Aegean), extending the species distribution northward, into Hellenic waters. Their identity was confirmed by comparison of the main body, beak characteristics and morphometric measurements with those available in the literature for this species. Suspected expansion of the Lessepsian loliginid into the Aegean Sea, due to the gradual warming of the sea, is discussed.
Nova espécie de Pimelodus (Siluriformes, Pimelodidae) dos rios Tapajós e Tocantins, Brasil

Pimelodus tetramerus sp. nov. differs from the other species of Pimelodus Lacepede by its typical coloration, with four dark stripes on the sides of the body, the most dorsal beginning just behind the pre-dorsal plate and finishing at the end of the adipose-fin base; the second, wider than the first one, running just above the lateral line and extending from the lateral border of the supra-occipital process to the caudal-fin base. Both are fragmented on its anterior portion, forming dark points that may join to form a vermiculate pattern. The dark dots and the vermiculate pattern extend over the dorsum, anterior to the dorsal-fin and head. The third stripe, also wide, runs just below the lateral line and begin near the upper region of the postcleithral process and extends until the caudal fin base. The fourth stripe, shorter than the three others, and absent in a few cases, begins above of the postcleithral process and ends nearly the pelvic fin. Moreover, the following are also diagnostic of the new species: presence a narrow light stripe on the lateral line, with about 1/3 of the width of the third dark stripe, and a dark longitudinal bar on the ventral lobe of caudal fin. The new species shares the three separate trigeminofacial nerve foramina with others species of pimelodids.
An introduction to the chemistry of the water column of the Knysna Estuary with particular reference to nutrients and suspended solids

The Knysna Estuary is the largest clear-water estuary along the coast of South Africa, with a spring-tide prism volume of 19 x l06 m3 and a tidal range of 1.8 m. The tidal flow covers an area of 1827 hectares at HWST. The tidal system is divided into an upper estuary which receives the variable flow of the Knysna River, a lagoon sector and a large marine embayment. The position and magnitude of the salinity gradient varies according to river flow and, in view of this variability, a linear nutrient concentration-salinity relationship (conservatism) is only weakly established, if at all. Urbanisation of the littoral has encroached upon intertidal wetlands and both stormwater and sewage treatment plant flows introduce nutrients into the water column. While these provide localised inputs, their contribution to the nutrient budget of the system compared with that introduced by the tidal prism is small. The overall effect is to sustain the oligotrophy (chlorophyll-a = 2.16 pg/I) of the water column. Total suspended solids introduced via stormwater and stream inflows decrease transparency during summer, and are considered a serious threat to the long-term survival of the extensive eelgrass meadows upon which so much of the nutrient mobilisation depends. Among the heavy metals, lead and cadmium show elevated concentrations in the soft tissues of oysters, but not as yet to dangerous levels. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons are undetectable in the water column and polychlorinated biphenyls are rarely recorded. It is argued that the magnitude of the tidal prism overrides, at present, the impact of nutrients or toxic materials of anthropogenic origin on the water quality of the estuary.
Nitrogen, potassium, and irrigation effects on water relations of Kentucky bluegrass leaves

Transpiration and expansive growth in leaves are turgor-dependent processes. Solute concentration and osmotic potential are inextricably linked to turgor maintenance. An empirical equation predicting stomatal resistance (R s ) from bulk leaf turgor (ψ t ) would be useful in developing computer simulations for turfgrass management. A growth-chamber study was conducted to quantify the relationship between R s and ψ t in Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L. cv. A-34). The effects of N, K, and irrigation frequency on bulk leaf osmotic potential at full turgor (ψ π100 ) and apoplastic water fraction (AWF) also were examined, using psychometric techniques. Treatments consisted of two rates of N and K and two irrigation frequencies
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN NITRATE UPTAKE AND NITROGEN FIXATION IN CONTINUOUS CULTURES OF THE MARINE DIAZOTROPH TRICHODESMIUM (CYANOBACTERIA) 1

Diazotrophic cyanobacteria can take up combined nitrogen (nitrate, ammonium, amino acids, dissolved organic nitrogen) from solution, but the interaction between N2 fixation and uptake of combined nitrogen is not well understood. We studied the effects of combined nitrogen ) additions on N2 fixation rates in the cyanobacterium Trichodesmium erythraeum (IMS‐101) maintained in continuous culture in an N‐free medium (YBCII) and a 12:12‐h light:dark cycle. We measured acetylene reduction rates, nutrient concentrations, and biomass throughout the 12 h of illumination after the addition of nitrate (0.5–20 μM) at the start of the light period. Compared with unamended controls, Trichodesmium showed strong inhibition of acetylene reduction (up to 70%) in the presence of , with apparent saturation of the inhibition effect at an initial concentration of approximately 10 μM. The inhibition of acetylene reduction persisted through much of the light period as concentration in the culture vessel decreased. Recovery of N2 fixation was observed late in the light period in cultures amended with low concentrations of (<5 μM) when ambient concentrations had decreased to 0.3–0.4 μM in the culture vessel. Nitrate uptake accounted for as much as 86% of total N uptake and, at the higher treatment concentrations, more than made up for the observed decrease in N2 fixation rates. We conclude that Trichodesmium can obtain significant quantities of N through uptake of nitrate and does so in preference to N2 fixation when sufficient is available.
Non-traditional approaches to subterranean termite control in buildings

Abstract Termites can cause damage to living trees and many crop plants, but the fact that they can use dead wood makes them a major pest for timber used for construction purposes, both outdoors and inside buildings. In termite-infested areas of Europe the costs involved are not precisely known, but considerable problems have already been reported and there is a clear trend towards increasing infestations. In the past, organochloride insecticides were very effective for the control of termites, but their persistence created potential environmental problems and they were therefore restricted. The emphasis on termite control has thus changed from a massive use of pesticides to an integrated approach that involves knowledge of the ecology and behaviour of the insect and the use of safer biological or chemical methods of control. Under this new approach, this article will discuss different strategies of subterranean termite control, with particular emphasis on the bait technology and population management using biological control agents, metabolic inhibitors and insect growth regulators.
Conditions for Protected Polymorphisms in Subdivided Plant Populations. 2. Seed Versus Pollen Migration

The effect of sexually variable migration and selection are explored within the general context of Wright's island model of migration. An analysis for the development of protection of polymorphisms is constructed for a migratory system in which pollination is strictly localized within mating-selection demes, but fertilized seed from each deme create a zygotic pool for regenerating all demes. It is found that selective differences in pollen and ovule production affect the maintenance of polymorphisms in different ways and that a mixture of homozygote excesses and deficiencies can exist for different alleles at a multi-allelic locus. A system of sedentary pollen with migrating seed is contrasted with a system of migrating pollen with sedentary seed distribution. This latter system is strongly protective of polymorphisms and always creates a deficiency of homozygotes below Hardy-Weinberg expectations even in the absence of selective differences. The effect of the sexes on evolutionary dynamics is not just a matter of reversing sex roles since gamete versus zygote dispersal requires different supporting effects from the migrating and sedentary sexes. Finally, these two systems are compared with systems of pollen and seed migration and with pollen and seed localization with respect to the protection afforded polymorphisms and departures of homozygote frequencies from Hardy-Weinberg expectations. The effects of environmental heterogeneity on all systems are also compared. Relationships of these models to other models are drawn.
Medium and large-sized mammals of an isolated Atlantic Forest remnant, southeast São Paulo state, Brazil

The Area of Ecological Interest “Matao de Cosmopolis” is one of the few forest remnants larger than 100 hectares in the metropolitan region of Campinas, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Medium and large-sized mammals were surveyed in this forest remnant using natural signs and active search between September 2008 and April 2009. Eighteen species belonging to seven different orders were recorded. Seven species of Order Carnivora were identified, two of which are listed as endangered in Sao Paulo State ( Leopardus pardalis and Puma concolor ). Cerdocyon thous, Sapajus nigritus and Canis familiaris had the highest frequency of occurrence. Results show the importance of AEIMC in regional context for mammal conservation. However, immediate actions for its conservation are required due to anthropogenic activities in the area.
Intake and behaviour responses by sheep to changes in sward characteristics under continuous stocking

Perennial ryegrass pastures were maintained at sward surface heights (SSH) of 30, 60, 90 and 120 mm by continuous variable stocking using lactating ewes and their twin lambs in spring and non-lactating (dry) ewes in autumn. The effects of SSH on ingestive behaviour, herbage intake, animal performance and sward structure and production were measured in spring, and again in autumn, when an additional SSH of 20 mm was also established. In spring, differences in sward structure were quickly established with mean tiller numbers of 41 000, 30 000, 21 000 and 19 000 m−2 and leaf area indices (LAI) of 1·5, 2·2, 3·3 and 4·1 at SSH of 30 to 120, respectively. By autumn the mean tiller numbers had fallen to 26 000, 26 000, 23 000, 18 000 and 13 000 m−2 and LAI to 1·0, 1·1, 1·5. 2·0 and 1·5 for treatments 20 to 120. The mean stocking rates for the ewes in spring were 27, 20, 22, and 19 ewes ha−1 and growth rates of their lambs were 208, 275, 250 and 263 g d−1 for treatments 30 to 120. In autumn the stocking rates maintained for dry ewes were 22, 15, 9, 4 and 0 for treatments 20 to 120. In spring, both grazing times (GT) and prehension biting rate (BR) were negatively correlated with SSH, while bite mass (BM) was positively correlated with SSH. However, mean daily intakes of organic matter (OM), were reduced only for animals grazing the 30 mm sward. In autumn, intake rate was lower only for the animals grazing the 20mm sward and GT and BR were not significantly affected by SSH. Relationships between SSH and, components of ingestive behaviour and intake, are presented and the control mechanisms involved are discussed. The results showed that the optimum sward surface height for continuously stocked swards, grazed by sheep, Was between 30 mm and 60 mm.
'Sex ratio shifts of the solitary parasitoid wasp, Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), to other foundresses

Background: When parasitoid wasps oviposit in a limited patch, local mate competition (LMC) theories predict that, as foundress density rises, the sex ratio of offspring will be less biased towards females. Hypothesis: Parasitoid wasp females in an experimental test should adjust their offspring sex ratio in response to the presence of other females. Goal: Measure the sex ratio shifts of each foundress in the solitary parasitoid wasp, Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae. Methods: Allow females to oviposit either alone or in a pair. Use an SSR-mark to determine which offspring belong to which female. Results: When females oviposited alone, they produced fewer male offspring and a smaller proportion of males than when two females oviposited together. This result differed during the oviposition period. On the first day of oviposition, foundress number had no significant effect on offspring sex ratio. However, on the following days, the proportion of male offspring from two foundresses was significantly higher than that from one foundress. Conclusion: The response of offspring sex ratio to foundress number in P. vindemmiae is in line theoretically with local mate competition theories.
GENOMIC DNA ISOLATION FROM GREEN AND BROWN ALGAE (CAULERPALES AND FUCALES) FOR MICROSATELLITE LIBRARY CONSTRUCTION 1

A method for isolating high‐quality DNA is presented for the green algae Caulerpa sp. (C. racemosa, C. prolifera, and C. taxifolia) and the brown alga Sargassum muticum. These are introduced, and invasive species in Europe, except for the native C. prolifera. Previous methods of extraction, using cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide or various commercial kits, were used to isolate genomic DNA but either no DNA or DNA of very low quality was obtained. Genomic libraries were attempted with Caulerpa sp. on three occasions and either the restriction enzyme, the Taq polymerase, or the T4 ligase was inhibited, probably by the large amount of polysaccharides in these algae. The method presented here consists of the rapid isolation of stable nuclei, followed by DNA extraction. Yields of 6–10 μg genomic DNA from 1 g fresh blades were obtained. After genomic DNA was isolated from fresh material, the quality was checked by agarose gel. Quantification of DNA concentration was performed using UV spectrophotometric measurement of the A260/A280 ratio. The DNA was suitable for PCR, cloning, and hybridization. The DNA isolated using this method allowed successful construction of microsatellite libraries for Caulerpa species and S. muticum. The technique is inexpensive and appropriate for the isolation of multiple samples of DNA from a small amount of fresh material.
Genetic Variation and Phenotypic Evolution During Allopatric Speciation

Quantitative genetic models of phenotypic evolution in small isolated populations are presented, from the initial founding event to continued random genetic drift and natural selection toward a new optimum phenotype. The basic features of complex morphologies included are polygenic inheritance with multiple allelism, pleiotropy, recombination and mutation. Gene flow, inbreeding depression, gene interaction, and genetic homeostasis are also discussed. Simpson's adaptive zones for phenotypes (analogous to Wright's adaptive topography for gene frequencies) are formulated probabilistically for small populations. It is concluded that Mayr's theory of allopatric speciation overemphasized both the genetic cohesion of widespread species and the founder effect on heterozygosity and quantitative genetic variation. However, data on the strength of natural selection and the spontaneous mutability of quantitative characters, in conjunction with the models, provide a feasible microevolutionary mechanism for substantial and geologically rapid phenotypic evolution in small isolated populations.
The Auchenorrhyncha of Denmark (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha and Cicadomorpha)

Summary In the last published checklist on Auchenorrhyncha including Denmark (2009), the Danish fauna counted 296 species. Parallel to this, lists available on different internet sites or figures used in various media range from 310 to 350. This paper reviews the history and the increasing number of planthoppers and leafhoppers in Denmark from the first Danish publications around 1900 up till today, with a reference list representing a bibliography on the Danish Auchenorrhyncha. A checklist on the Danish Auchenorrhyncha is presented with an annotated, preliminary catalogue where several species are discussed. Nine species new (or confirmed) to the Danish fauna are presented: Balcanocerus larvatus (Herrich-Schäffer 1835), Tremulicerus fulgidus Fabricius 1775, Macropsis graminea (Fabricius 1798), Kybos lindbergi (Linnavuori 1951), Edwardsiana candidula (Kirschbaum 1868), Edwardsiana plurispinosa (W. Wagner 1935), Eurhadina kirschbaumi Wagner 1937, Doratura exilis Horváth 1903 and Psammotettix dubius Ossiannilsson 1974. More than 100 new regional records are also given in the preliminary catalogue based on a literature review, internet reports and own investigations. Recent ecological research on arthropods from Denmark including Auchenorrhyncha is reviewed, possible range expansions of some species in Denmark and Europe are discussed, and recommendations for further investigations are given. The present number of Auchenorrhyncha in Denmark is 322.
The disc pasture meter : Possible applications in grazing management

Abstract The disc meter is a simple inexpensive instrument which may be used to make rapid yield estimates of standing forage. Linear regression relationships between meter reading and pasture dry matter yield are usually fairly good, but these may be affected by a number of different factors. The meter should therefore be calibrated for each specific set of conditions in which it is to be used. Estimation of pasture yield with this instrument provides an objective basis on which to adjust animal numbers in grazing trials and enables pasture intake by grazing animals to be estimated in rotational grazing systems. It may also be useful for quantitatively describing pasture‐animal relationships and for constructing pasture growth curves.
Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of 27 Patients with Childhood Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia

Background The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features and prognostic factors of childhood acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL). Material/Methods The data of 27 cases of childhood AMKL admitted from November 2009 to July 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The survival analysis and prognostic factors were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. Results The median follow-up time was 26.4 months in 27 cases, and the complete response rate was 92.31% after 2 chemotherapy courses. Eight patients underwent bone marrow transplantation after 3–6 courses. Five patients died after transplantation, 4 of whom died due to recurrence after transplantation. Of the 27 patients, 10 developed recurrence (37.04%), and 8/10 had recurrence within 1 year. The 3-year overall survival rate and disease-free survival rates were (47±12)% and (36±14)%, respectively. Of the 27 AMKL cases, the 3 with Down syndrome (DS-AMKL) all survived after treatment, and the 3-year overall survival rate was 100%. However, of the other 24 AMKL patients without Down syndrome (non-DS-AMKL), 6 died and 6 abandoned treatment, and the 3-year overall survival rate was only 50%. Univariate analysis showed that 3-year overall survival rate was not correlated to gender, age, number of newly diagnosed white blood cells, karyotype, remission after 2 courses of treatment, and transplant after 3 courses of treatment of childhood AMKL cases. Nevertheless, recurrence and remission after 2 courses of treatment were significantly correlated with 3-year overall survival rate. Conclusions Children with non-DS-AMKL have a high degree of malignancy and are prone to early recurrence with a poor prognosis, whereas the prognosis of DS-AMKL is relatively good. Recurrence after treatment and remission after 2 courses of treatment are important factors influencing the prognosis of childhood AMKL. Recurrence after transplantation is the leading cause of death in transplantation patients.
Reproductive Performance of Crossbred and Purebred Dairy Cows

Abstract Analysis of 3095 records from purebred and crossbred dairy cows at five research stations of Agriculture Canada showed that the additive, maternal, and heterosis effects on kind of birth, placental condition, and percent of male or female dead calves were of minor importance. In 3108 records of purebred cows, the number of dead calves did not depend on whether or not the calf was purebred or crossbred or if it was born in first, second, third, or fourth lactation. However, 3080 records from cows of Holstein and Ayrshire lines and crossbred cows resulting from crossing the two lines gave results of higher mortalities of Holstein calves than of Ayrshire or crossbred cows. Holstein cows also had more abnormal births than cows in other genetic groups. Placental condition did not vary among the genetic groups of cows. Rebreeding rate, defined as percentage of cows pregnant for the second time based on the number of heifers calving for the first time, less the number of heifers culled for reasons other than reproduction, was 88% for Holstein and crossbred cows and 78% for Ayrshire cows. Reduction of cows in the herds from first to third lactation was the same for Holstein and crossbred cows (63%) but 77% for Ayrshires. Means of days to first service, number of services per conception, calving interval, and gestation period were almost identical for each genetic group of cows.
Genetic relationships between Oeneis urda and O. mongolica (Nymphalidae: Lepidoptera)

The species status of Oeneis urda (Eversmann) and O. mongolica (Oberthür) has been argued based on morphological characters. Reexamination of their major morphological characters has shown a slight differentiation in the two species. Sequences of three mitochondrial genes (COI, ND6, and ND1) and one nuclear region (internal transcribed spacer 2, ITS2) from two O. urda populations (Yangyang and Mt. Hanla) and one O. mongolica population (Uljin) were performed for phylogenetic and population genetic inferences. Sharing of identical sequences in the ND6 gene and ITS2, minimal sequence divergence in the COI and ND1 genes, and phylogenetically undividable sequence types in all mitochondrial genes and ITS2 suggest genetic continuity between the two species. Nevertheless, significant FST estimates (P < 0.05) were found for the COI gene in comparisons between Yangyang (O. urda) and Uljin (O. mongolica), between Yangyang (O. urda) and Mt. Hanla (O. urda), and between Uljin (O. mongolica) and Mt. Hanla (O. urda) populations. These FST estimates, along with other gene‐based analyses collectively suggest isolation of the two species at some point in the past, but incomplete separation between the two species on the mainland (Yangyang and Uljin) and biogeographically forced isolation of the O. urda population on Mt. Hanla collectively appear to complicate species status of these two species that were once further clearly separated.