Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The effects of isometric exercise training on resting blood pressure with specific reference to selected cardiovascular, neuromuscular, and metabolic variables

There were two purposes to the work of this thesis (a) to identify the role of isometric training intensity in the training-induced reductions in resting blood pressure, and (b) to identify whether the mechanism for the reduced resting blood pressure is best reflected in what can be broadly termed cardiovascular, neuromuscular or metabolic markers of that training. Firstly, in a cross-sectional study, the only strong correlation was found between heart rate variability (a cardiovascular marker) and resting blood pressure. Secondly, this cardiovascular marker was also significantly affected by a single session of isometric exercise, an effect that persisted for at least 4 hours after exercise. However, thirdly, this marker and other cardiovascular markers (such as cardiac output and stroke volume) did not correlate with reductions in blood pressure seen after 4 weeks of isometric training. Instead, the training-induced reductions in blood pressure correlated strongly with neuromuscular and metabolic markers of isometric training. The extent to which local muscle fatigue was induced during isometric training correlated with the reductions in resting blood pressure. Therefore (a) isometric training intensity appears to be of utmost importance in the reductions in resting blood pressure (when bilateral-leg exercise is performed in 2 minute bouts), and (b) the mechanism whereby the adaptations in resting blood pressure occur is best reflected in neuromuscular and metabolic markers of local muscle fatigue during that training. These findings are discussed with a particular focus on the possible role of muscle metaboreceptor stimulation, during isometric training in the mechanism of training-induced reduction in resting blood pressure.
Detecting Equivalent Mutants by Means of Constraint Systems

—Mutation testing has been used along the research community as an efﬁcient method to evaluate the process of software testing, i.e., the quality of the test suite. One major drawback is represented by the equivalent mutant problem. Through this current research we aim to come with a reliable solution to this problem and improve the available test suite pool. We do this by combining the mutation testing procedure together with a constraint satisfaction paradigm and the concept of distinguishing test cases. Mutation testing has been seen, in most of the cases, as a measure for evaluating the quality of a user’s test suite. But, also mutation testing can be of great help in the test case generation process. By means of a constraint system we generate test scenarios able to distinguish between two different versions of a program. We start from the hypothesis that when our constraint system is not able to ﬁnd any solution it might be the case that two equivalent mutants were encountered. The ﬁrst empirical results, i.e. an increased mutation score, encourage us to further apply the strategy on medium size applications.
New Fractional Analytical Study of Three-Dimensional Evolution Equation Equipped With Three Memory Indices

Herein, analytical solutions of three-dimensional (3D) diffusion, telegraph, and Burgers' models that are equipped with three memory indices are derived by using an innovative fractional generalization of the traditional differential transform method (DTM), namely, the threefold-fractional differential transform method (threefold-FDTM). This extends the applicability of DTM to comprise initial value problems in higher fractal spaces. The obtained solutions are expressed in the form of a γ¯-fractional power series which is a fractional adaptation of the classical Taylor series in several variables. Furthermore, the projection of these solutions into the integer space corresponds with the solutions of the classical copies for these models. The results detect that the suggested method is easy to implement, accurate, and very efficient in (non)linear fractional models. Thus, research on this trend is worth tracking.
Convergence Analyses for Fluid-Structure Interaction Simulation in a Thin Hyper-elastic Pipe

One of the difficulties in Fluid-Structure Interaction(FSI) co-simulations is the convergence within each time step, which include the convergence of each participating solver and the data transfer among them. Especially, when the solid material non-linearity or thin geometries are involved, there are typically large deformations which could eventually result in convergence difficulty and even the failure of numerical algorithms. Adopting a hyper-elastic pipe benchmark case, this paper explores the effects of different scale factors on the overall convergence in each co-simulation time step. Three constituent components are involved and dedicated to structure, fluid and system coupling, respectively. The coupling scheme is in two-way.
Mathematical Estimation for Maximum Flow in Electricity Distribution Network by Ford-Fulkerson Iteration Algorithm

In this paper, application of the graph theory to handle the function of power flow management will be introduced. Well known Ford-Fulkerson algorithm in graph theory is used to calculate the maximum flow in electricity distribution network. The maximum flow problem is one of the most fundamental problems in network flow theory and has been investigated extensively. The Ford-Fulkerson algorithm is a simple algorithm to solve the maximum flow problem and based on the idea of searching augmenting path from a started source node to a target sink node. It is one of the most widely used algorithms in optimization of flow networks and various computer applications. The implementations for the detail steps of algorithm will be illustrated by considering the maximum flow of proposed electricity distribution network in Kyaukse District, Mandalay Division, Myanmar as a case study. The goal of this paper is to find the maximum possible flow from the source node s to the target node t through a given proposed network.
Dynamic Deep Forest: An Ensemble Classification Method for Network Intrusion Detection

Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) is one of the key technologies to prevent network attacks and data leakage. In combination with machine learning, intrusion detection has achieved great progress in recent years. However, due to the diversity of intrusion types, the representation learning ability of the existing models is still deficient, which limits the further improvement of the detection performance. Meanwhile, with the increasing of model complexity, the training time becomes longer and longer. In this paper, we propose a Dynamic Deep Forest method for network intrusion detection. It uses cascade tree structure to strengthen the representation learning ability. At the same time, the training process is accelerated due to small-scale parameter fitting and dynamic level-growing strategy. The proposed Dynamic Deep Forest is a tree-based ensemble approach and consists of two parts. The first part, Multi-Grained Traversing, uses selectors to pick up features as complete as possible. The selectors are constructed dynamically so that the training process will stop as soon as the optimal feature combination is found. The second part, Cascade Forest, introduces level-by-level tree structures. It has fewer hyper-parameters and follows a dynamic level-growing strategy to reduce model complexity. In experiments, we evaluate our model on network intrusion dataset KDD’99. The results show that the Dynamic Deep Forest method obtains higher recall and precision through a short time of model training. Moreover, the Dynamic Deep Forest method has lower risk of misclassification, which is more stable and reliable in a real network environment.
Effects of ambient pressure on the critical velocity and back-layering length in longitudinal ventilated tunnel fire

Nowadays, the critical velocity and back-layering length are the key parameters in longitudinal ventilation design. However, most studies research them at standard air pressure but ambient pressure decreases at high-altitude area and the reduced ambient pressure could affect the smoke movement characteristics in a tunnel fire. In order to investigate the effect of ambient pressure on the velocity and back-layering length in longitudinal ventilated tunnel, theoretical analysis was carried out first and a series of numerical simulation were conducted with varying heat release rate and ambient pressure. Results show that Li’s model is also reliable under various ambient pressures. The critical velocity under various ambient pressures would become larger with an increase in the heat release rate and would remain stable after the heat release rate reaches a certain value. At smaller heat release rate, the length of counterflow would be higher under reduced ambient pressure while it remains the same when the HRR is large. This could provide reference for tunnel ventilation design at high-altitude areas.
Vortex terahertz wave generation in air by femtosecond optical vortex pulses

This proceeding details the experimental investigation and scheme used to generate vortex beams at THz and far-infrared frequencies. Main experimental and numrical results are presented by M. Ivanov et al.1, 2 We investigate the generation of broadband terahertz (THz) pulses between 10 and 40 THz with a phase singularity from two-color femtosecond laser-induced gas-plasmas. Experimental scheme allows for independent control of the amplitude, phase, polarization, and longitudinal and transverse positions of fundamental and second harmonics. When the second harmonic beam has a vortex charge the THz beam acquires an azimuthal phase modulation as well. Moreover, it turns out that also the THz intensity becomes modulated along the azimuthal angle. The phase structure of the singular THz beam is indirectly revealed by astigmatic transformation of the beam by a cylindrical mirror and additionally confirmed by the vortex THz beam behaviour upon change of relative phase between the fundamental and the second harmonic.
Numerical investigation of nanofluid particle migration and convective heat transfer in microchannels using an Eulerian–Lagrangian approach

An Eulerian–Lagrangian modelling approach was employed in order to investigate the flow field, heat transfer and particle distribution in nanofluid flow in a parallel-plate microchannel, with a focus on relatively low Reynolds numbers ( $Re\leqslant 100$ ). Momentum and thermal interactions between fluid and particle phases were accounted for using a transient two-way coupling algorithm implemented within an in-house code that tracked the simultaneous evolution of the carrier and particulate phases while considering timescale differences between the two phases. The inaccuracy of assuming a homogeneous particle distribution in modelling nanofluid flow in microchannels was established. In particular, shear rate and thermophoresis were found to play a key role in the lateral migration of nanoparticles and in the formation of particle depletion and accumulation regions in the vicinity of the channel walls. At low Reynolds numbers, nanoparticle distribution near the walls was observed to gradually flatten in the streamwise direction. On the other hand, for relatively higher Reynolds numbers, higher particle non-uniformities were observed in the vicinity of the channel walls. Furthermore, it was established that convective heat transfer between channel walls and the bulk fluid can either improve or deteriorate with the addition of nanoparticles, depending on whether the flow exceeded a critical Reynolds number of enhancement. It was also established that Brownian motion and thermophoresis had a major role in nanoparticle deposition on the channel walls. In particular, Brownian motion was the main deposition mechanism for nano-sized particles, whereas due to thermophoresis, nanoparticles were repelled away from channel walls. The result of the competition between the two is that deposition gradually increased along the streamwise direction.
Analisis Hubungan Maloklusi Dengan Kualitas Hidup Pada Remaja SMU Kota Medan Tahun 2007

Malocclusion prevalence in adolescences in Indonesia is still high, from 1983 is 90% to 2006 is 89%, meanwhile the habit of dental health in adolescences especially malocclusion is not adequate and dental health service is not optimal. Whereas the causes with are present malocclusion not only to disturb physical pain even the development of psychologic of live in adolescences. The aim of the study was to know the relation of malocclusion of quality of live in senior high school adolescences in Medan city. This is analytic study with cross sectional design. The population were adolescences of senior high school student in Medan city with the total samples were 413 people. Data collection was performed with interview and examination of malocclusion status based on Handicapping Malocclusion Accesment Index (HMA Index). Statistical analysis was performed with statistical chi square test and double logistic regression. The result of this study showed that malocclusion prevalence in senior High School adolescences in Medan city is relatively high that is 60.5% with the need of orthodontic treatment that is 23%. There were relations among malocclusion with functional limitation, physical pain, psychological discomfort, physical disability, psychological disability, social disability and handicap. The conclusion there was relation between malocclusion with quality of live in Senior High School adolescences in Medan city (p=0.003, PR = 3.227 and CI 95%=3.061-20.425). It was suggested that malocclusion problem was estabilished as one of the priority programs of oral and dental health with directed the activity to preventive and promotive services.
First Year Resident Assistant Retention at Grand Valley State University

The following study investigated the perceptions of resident assistants at Grand Valley State University in regards to retention rates of first year resident assistants. The study looked for links between cognitive dissonance about the resident assistant position and the intent to return to the position the following year. The study was qualitative by nature, asking a series of questions to first-year resident assistants concerning job responsibilities, perceptions of the position before applying and while in the position, and their relationship with their supervisor. There were few studies found that addressed resident assistant retention or how the perception of the resident assistant position changed over time. The research pointed out that there was a clear link to miscommunication, cognitive dissonance, and job satisfaction in the work place. Other studies pointed out that retention of quality employees is becoming more and more challenging in today’s world. The findings indicated that most resident assistants interviewed stated they really did not have a good idea of what they were really getting into. Resident assistants interviewed also said their perception of the job changed three times: while applying, during training, and while actually doing the job. Recommendations include but not limited to having a mentoring program that would have a prospective resident assistant shadowing a current resident assistant to ease the dissonance of the job during and after resident assistant training. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Resident Assistants ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first like to thank all of those that have changed me and supported me through the years by always demanding my best. Thanks to Dr. Pritchard for helping me through this entire process and for being so flexible. “The worst thing you can do for someone is something they can do for themselves” (John Wooden). Thanks for letting me do it myself. To my wife Renee’ that has supported me with my endless conquest of learning. She is my match in every way and without her help I would not be the man I am today. A special thanks to Vicky Wright who put in countless hours in proofreading, finding further research and for deciphering APA. Lastly I wanted to thank my parents and sister for always telling me I was great and then giving me the opportunity to show it to others. I am a product of my environment and my parents provided a great environment to grow up in. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Resident Assistants iii
Protocol for assessing neonatal tetanus mortality in the community using a combination of cluster and lot quality assurance sampling. Field test version.

This document on eliminating maternal and neonatal tetanus includes chapters on: (1) Preparation for survey: review of core indicators; supplemental data and surrogate indicators; and selecting the highest-risk district or districts for the survey. (2) Implementation of survey: background; sampling method; training and supervision; implementation; and information to be collected. (3) Data analyses. (4) References. (5) Annexes.
Thermal Burnout Effect of a GaAs PHEMT LNA Caused by Repetitive Microwave Pulses

The thermal burnout effect of a gallium arsenide (GaAs) pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (PHEMT) low-noise amplifier (LNA) caused by repetitive microwave pulses is studied by theoretical analyses, simulations, and experiments. The theoretical model for thermal burnout under a single microwave pulse injection is first acquired by analyzing the power absorption in the electrical procedure and the heat distribution in the thermal procedure. By adopting two new assumptions and using the linear superposition theorem, the theoretical model for thermal burnout under a repetitive microwave pulse injection is acquired by further extension. Through derivation, the analytical relationship among the thermal burnout power threshold, the pulsewidth in a cycle, the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) and the pulse number is acquired. Because some assumptions and approximations are adopted, both the pulsewidth in a cycle and the total repetitive microwave pulselength must be between 10-ns scale and 1- $\mu \text{s}$ scale. It shows that the theoretical results agree well with the simulation and experimental results. A minimum of two sets of data by experiment or simulation are needed to fit the analytical relationship. Therefore, experimental or simulation costs can be substantially reduced, and a helpful reference for the design and protection of wireless receivers can be provided.
Comparison of first-generation (1908 nm) and second-generation (1940 nm) thulium fiber lasers for ablation of kidney stones

Abstract. Thulium fiber lasers (TFL) are being developed as alternatives to conventional holmium:YAG lasers for lithotripsy. TFLs emit at two primary infrared (IR) wavelengths, 1908 or 1940 nm, closely matching high (70°C) and low (22°C) temperature water absorption peaks in tissue, respectively. Water, which is present in the pores of kidney stones and fluid environment of the urinary tract as well as delivered through the working channel of the ureteroscope during lithotripsy, is a primary absorber of IR laser radiation. The water absorption peak shifts from 1940 to 1920 nm with increasing water temperature during laser ablation. At high water temperatures (70°C), the absorption coefficient is 150 cm − 1 at 1908 nm and 135 cm − 1 at 1940 nm. The goal of this study was to determine whether this 10% difference translates into a measurable difference in kidney stone ablation rates. Two TFLs (1908 and 1940 nm) were tested at similar laser parameters of 35 mJ energy/pulse, 500-μs pulse duration, 300-Hz pulse rate, and 10.5-W average power, using 200-μm-core silica optical fibers. The handheld fiber was maintained in contact with 6- to 9-mm diameter uric acid (UA) stones, immersed in a saline bath with saline flow (n = 10 stones / group). Laser irradiation time to fragment and pass all stone fragments through a 1-mm sieve was measured and then divided into initial stone mass to calculate stone ablation rates. For each laser group (1908 and 1940 nm), initial stone mass was 270 ± 60 mg versus 260 ± 50 mg, respectively (p = 0.9). Stone ablation rates measured 0.9 ± 0.2 and 0.9 ± 0.1 mg s − 1 (p = 0.9). Stone ablation thresholds measured 8 ± 7 and 5 ± 13 J cm − 2 (p = 0.8). There was no significant difference in UA stone ablation thresholds and ablation rates between 1908- and 1940-nm wavelengths. Newer, more compact, efficient, and higher peak power TFLs operating at 1940 nm provide comparable stone ablation rates to older 1908-nm TFLs for similar laser parameters.
Asymmetric Modulation Design for Wireless Information and Power Transfer With Nonlinear Energy Harvesting

Far-field wireless power transfer (WPT) and simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) have become increasingly important in radio frequency (RF) and communication communities recently. The problem of modulation design for SWIPT has however been scarcely addressed. In this paper, a modulation scheme based on asymmetric phase-shift keying (PSK) is considered, which improves the SWIPT rate-energy trade-off region significantly. The nonlinear rectifier model, which accurately models the energy harvester, is adopted for evaluating the output direct current (DC) power at the receiver. The harvested DC power is maximized under an average power constraint at the transmitter and a constraint on the rate of information transmitted via a multi-carrier signal over a flat fading channel. As a consequence of the rectifier nonlinearity, this work highlights that asymmetric PSK modulation provides benefits over conventional symmetric PSK modulation in SWIPT and opens the door to systematic modulation design tailored for SWIPT.
Application of Non-Thermal Plasma on Biofilm: A Review

The formation of bacterial biofilm on implanted devices or damaged tissues leads to biomaterial-associated infections often resulting in life-threatening diseases and implant failure. It is a challenging process to eradicate biofilms as they are resistant to antimicrobial treatments. Conventional techniques, such as high heat and chemicals exposure, may not be suitable for biofilm removal in nosocomial settings. These techniques create surface degradation on the treated materials and lead to environmental pollution due to the use of toxic chemicals. A novel technique known as non-thermal plasma has a great potential to decontaminate or sterilize those nosocomial biofilms. This article aims to provide readers with an extensive review of non-thermal plasma and biofilms to facilitate further investigations. A brief introduction summarizes the problem caused by biofilms in hospital settings with current techniques used for biofilm inactivation followed by the literature review strategy. The remainder of the review discusses plasma and its generation, the role played by plasma reactive species, various factors affecting the antimicrobial efficacy of non-thermal plasma and summarizes many studies published in the field.
EV battery charger with non‐inverting output voltage‐based bridgeless PFC Cuk converter

This study proposes an improved electric vehicle (EV) battery charger with a non-inverting output voltage-based bridgeless power factor correction (PFC) Cuk converter and a flyback converter for controlling the battery current in constant-current-constant-voltage charging regions. The proposed EV charger eliminates the need for an extra inverse amplifier, which is used for the negative to positive output voltage conversion in a conventional Cuk PFC converter. Therefore, the control of the converter is easy to implement and the cost of the charger is also reduced. Moreover, the design of the charger is proposed for discontinuous conduction mode operation, which comes with the inherent advantages of reduced sensors, low reverse recovery in diodes, and zero current switching. The proposed EV charger, with improved efficiency, operates satisfactorily to comply with the IEC61000-3-2 standard for power quality at steady state and for sudden perturbations in mains voltage.