Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Driver Alert System Using Deep Learning and Machine Learning

The rising number of road injuries is one of the most pressing challenges facing the world today. One of the main causes of traffic accidents were unsafe and inattentive driving. Drowsiness or a loss of focus on the part of the driver is believed to be a significant factor in such incidents. Driver drowsiness tracking research can assist in the reduction of road accidents.This journal presents a good approach for applying a driver's sleepiness alarm system that uses Machine Learning and Deep Learning techniques to identify and track the driver's yawning and sleepiness. For face detection and recognition, the device utilises the Histogram Centred Gradient (HOG) function descriptor, which is widely used in image processing. The SVM is then used to determine if the image being identified is a face or not. It also checks the driver's Eye Aspect Ratio (EAR) and Mouth Aspect Ratio (MAR) up to a certain countable frames to see whether he or she is sleepy or yawning. Since the driver's drowsiness or fatigue is proportional to the number of hours spent behind the wheel, an extra element for changing theface and mouth reference frames have been added. This increases the sensitivity to detect drowsiness. This also necessitates the introduction of face recognition so that each driver can be tracked individually.This Project aims to provide a Driver Alert System consisting of three sections Face Recognition to unlock vehicle, traffic light detection and Drowsiness alert system.
A Review of HMM-Based Approaches of Driving Behaviors Recognition and Prediction

Current research and development in recognizing and predicting driving behaviors plays an important role in the development of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). For this reason, many machine learning approaches have been developed and applied. Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is a suitable algorithm due to its ability to handle time series data and state transition descriptions. Therefore, this contribution will focus on a review of HMM and its applications. The aim of this contribution is to analyze the current state of various driving behavior models and related HMM-based algorithms. By examining the current available approaches, a review is provided with respect to: i) influencing factors of driving behaviors corresponding to the research objectives of different driving models, ii) summarizing HMM related methods applied to driving behavior studies, and iii) discussing limitations, issues, and future potential works of the HMM-based algorithms. Conclusions with respect to the development of intelligent driving assistant system and vehicle dynamics control systems are given.
Business process reengineering android-based sales: Case PT.XYZ

Increasingly the business market competition is getting tougher. Companies are required to provide better products/services than their competitors. PT XYZ is a company engaged in food manufacturing. The products produced are snacks which are grouped into 4 parts, namely crackers, biscuit noodles and wafers. The business process in the sales department is still very manual and outdated because ordering goods is still over the phone which is considered inefficient. Therefore, improvement is needed by accelerating the time cycle of each activity and simplifying a series of activities as well as the use of technology that cuts business activity activities that have no added value and is repeated. One concept that can be applied is to reengineer business processes (BPR), namely the use of android technology with ESIA method which is able to facilitate marketing from anywhere using an android-based communication device.
On Similarity Measures for Stochastic and Statistical Modeling

In this work, our goal is to present and discuss similarity techniques for ordered observations between time series and non-time dependent data. The purpose of the study was to measure whether ordered observations of data sets are displayed at or close to, the same time points for the case of time series and with the same or similar frequencies for the case of non-time dependent data sets. A simultaneous time pairing and comparison can be achieved effectively via indices, advanced indices and the associated index matrices based on statistical functions of ordered observations. Hence, in this work we review some previously defined standard indices and propose new advanced dimensionless indices and the associated index matrices which are both easily interpreted and provide efficient comparison of the series involved. Furthermore, the proposed methodology allows the analysis of data with different units of measurement as the indices presented are dimensionless. The applicability of the proposed methodology is explored through an epidemiological data set on influenza-like-illness (ILI). We finally provide a thorough discussion on all parameters involved in the proposed indices for practical purposes along with examples.
Ornamental plant Pachystachys lutea as a source of promising endophytes for plant growth and phytoprotective activity

Endophytes are growth-promoting agents capable of synthesizing phytohormones, uptaking nutrients, and controlling pathogens. There is a strong potential to exploit them in the agriculture field like biofertilizers and biocontrol agents. In this work, we aimed to evaluate endophytic fungi isolated from Pachystachys lutea for their potential to solubilize phosphate, synthesise indole acetic acid (IAA), antagonize phytopathogens, and promote plant growth under greenhouse conditions. The phosphate solubilization efficiency was assessed on Pikovskaya’s agar medium. For analysis of IAA production, mycelia plugs of endophytes were cultured in Potato Dextrose Broth medium supplemented with Ltryptophan, with Salkowski Reagent, and the absorbance of the culture was measured. The antagonism evaluation of strain Alternaria sp. PL75 against phytopathogens was performed using the paired-culture technique. The promotion of plant growth provided by Alternaria sp. PL75 was evaluated in tomato plants. All strains evaluated were able to solubilize phosphate; however, the strain Alternaria sp. PL75 was the most effective (4.29). Two strains, Nemania sp. PL27 and Alternaria sp. PL75, produced 1.86 and 1.73 μg mL of IAA, respectively. In the antagonism assay, the endophyte Alternaria sp. PL75 and its fungal extract showed the best results against the pathogen Moniliophthora perniciosa. The greenhouse experiment result showed the endophyte Alternaria sp. PL75 increased the plantlets emergency speed index and the percentage of germination from 60 to 81.63%. It was also observed a statistical significance in the shoot length of the treated plants with the endophyte suspension (55.38 cm) compared to the control (41.67 cm).
A Review of Literature on Updates of Bisphosphonates Administration, Cancer Biomarkers for Bisphosphonate Therapy, and Bisphosphonate-related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in Breast Cancer

Context: The emergence of bone health maintenance in breast cancer patients is known as an indispensable aspect in survival and morbidity improvement; therefore, bisphosphonates play a substantial role in the prevention/delaying of cancer treatment induced bone loss and skeletal-related events (SREs) in these patients, although this drug can cause necrosis of the jaw. In this article, we aimed at summarizing updated evidence on bisphosphonates administration, biomarkers representative of the efficacy of bisphosphonate therapy, and bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) affection in patients involved in breast cancer. Methods: Associated published articles were searched for in EMBASE, MEDLINE, CDSR, PubMed, Google Scholar, and CINAHL, using the following keywords or, in the case of PubMed database, medical subject headings (MeSH): ‘Diphosphonate’, ‘osteonecrosis’, ‘breast cancer’, and ‘biomarker’ in the abstract or title, and was limited by "clinical trials, meta-analysis and randomized controlled trial” published in English language from 2015 to 2020-09-15. Results: Bisphosphonates depicted remarkable advantages in improving SREs, skeletal morbidity rate (SMR), survival rate, and treatment-emergent adverse events in breast cancer patients in almost all aspects of breast cancer therapy, from adjuvant therapy for the early stage breast cancer to bone metastatic breast cancer (BMBC). The identification of breast cancer biomarkers that are capable of reflecting the outcomes of bisphosphonates therapy is a highly advantageous aid in the optimal utilization of these drugs. Breast cancer biomarkers such as MAF, DOCK4, CD73, TLR9, and CAPG/GIPC1 composite illustrated a significant correlation with bisphosphonates administration. Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) stands out as the most hazardous adverse event of the bisphosphonates with a rationally high incidence among breast cancer patients, which requires cautious prescription of bisphosphonates as well as regular dental health counseling for being prevented. Conclusions: Bisphosphonates are great weapons in the arsenal of breast cancer treatment and, therefore, comprehensive studying of their features leads to the optimal and safe administration of them. Unfortunately, as this procedure can cause necrosis of the jaw, dental procedures should be performed in these patients before starting bisphosphonate treatment.
Barriers to water use efficiency in rural and peri‐urban areas of South Africa

Using the quantitative method, this paper examined barriers to water‐efficiency behaviour amongst rural and peri‐urban residents in Eastern Cape, South Africa and identify opportunities for promoting it. The result showed positive associations between water‐efficiency behaviour and income, personal capabilities and poor knowledge of efficient water conservation measures. Rural and peri‐urban households identified cost as the overarching barrier to installing water‐efficient appliances. Financial incentives emerged as a significant opportunity for promoting water‐efficient behaviour. The result suggests rural and peri‐urban residents are open to water efficiency behaviour where financial incentives are provided for the voluntary installation of efficient taps and other water‐saving devices. The findings underscore the need to educate the rural populace about the use and benefits of water‐efficient appliances. The study contributes to methodological approaches in household water behaviour studies and provides further insights on water efficiency behaviour within a specific African population often overlooked in mainstream academic endeavours of this kind.
An Advanced Extremum Seeking Scheme for the Target Trajectory in Electromagnetic Micromirror System

Now two problems result in bad control in the development of the electromagnetic micromirror system. One is that theoretical model in electromagnetic micromirror system is difficult to be determined; Another is that parameters in common control need to be tuned according to the experience. In this paper, cost function concept is proposed to determine the model order in slow-scan axis control of the electromagnetic micromirror. Then recursive least square scheme is built to off-line identify this model. Furthermore, an advanced extremum seeking scheme along with backtracking line search is exploited, which can automatically identify the best parameter value before each extremum search to improve the controllability based on this model for the target trajectory in slow-scan axis control. And the convergence of it is proved. Finally, the experiments and the simulations verify this method proposed valid.
Predicting the Growth of e-Commerce using Trendline Analysis: A Case Study of Ogun State, Nigeria

There is a growing interest from e-commerce planners and other planning agencies in the Information Technology world to measure and forecast the growth of e-commerce in developing countries like Nigeria. The difficulties lie in finding the best forecasting model that can incorporate both the internal and external barriers that influence the full adoption and diffusion of e-commerce. This study attempts to identify the relevant e-commerce tools and its spread in Ogun East Senatorial District as well as formulating a mathematical model for e-commerce adoption and diffusion. A well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 126 respondents and analyzed using Trendline, a built-in analysis tool in Microsoft® Office Excel version 2013. The study identified PCs/laptops, ATM cards, e-mail services, mobile money transfer, e-commerce Websites, and point-of-sales (POS) terminals as e-commerce tools used by the respondents. The results of the study show that majority of the e-commerce users/adopters were single female students between the ages of 21 and 30 years, with university education owing to a proportion of 63% of the respondents while the earliest adopted e-commerce tools in descending order were tablets/smartphones, PCs/laptops, ATM cards, and email services. The results further show that the most popularly-used tools were e-commerce websites (98% responses), email services (94% responses), mobile money transfer (94% responses), POS terminals (94% responses), tablets/smartphones (93% responses), PCs/laptops (87% responses) and ATM cards (80% responses). Based on the findings of this study, it is therefore recommended that government should promote the use and development of e-commerce, notably by reducing the costs of access to technology, through the liberation of trade in software and hardware.
Sinterbeschichten mit direkt gehärteten, hoch verschleißbeständigen Metall-Matrix-Verbundwerkstoffen – Eine Alternative zum heißisostatischen Pressen*

Kurzfassung Die Lebensdauer von Bauteilen, die stark abrasivem Verschleiß ausgesetzt sind, kann durch mehrere Zentimeter starke Beschichtungen mit hoch verschleißbeständigen Werkstoffen deutlich verlängert werden. Neben dem Auftragschweißen und thermischen Spritzen werden auch pulvermetallurgische (PM) Schichten aufgebracht. Dabei hat sich insbesondere das heißisostatische Pressen (HIP-Verfahren) etabliert [1]. Statt dieser HIP-Schichten können Schichten auch kostengünstig durch Supersolidus-Flüssigphasensintern aufgebracht werden, wobei in die Schicht auch Hartstoffe eingelagert werden können, um den Verschleißwiderstand weiter zu steigern. Die Schichten müssen üblicherweise im gehärteten und angelassenen Zustand eingesetzt werden, um einen maximalen Verschleißwiderstand der Werkzeugstahlmatrix zu erzielen. Das anhand von grundlegenden Mechanismen und einem Anwendungsbeispiel vorgestellte Verfahren bietet die Möglichkeit, die benötigte Wärmebehandlung direkt nach dem Sintern durchzuführen.
Influence of the surface roughness on inner–outer interactions in a turbulent Couette–Poiseuille flow

When rod surface roughness is introduced in a turbulent Couette–Poiseuille flow (CP-flow), it is known that the Reynolds stresses near the centerline decrease due to weakened very-large-scale motions (VLSMs) and roll-cell motions [Lee, Y. M. et al., “Direct numerical simulation of a turbulent Couette–Poiseuille flow with a rod-roughened wall,” Phys. Fluids 30, 105101 (2018)]. In the present study, we examine the origin of the weakened turbulent structures near the centerline in a CP-flow with roughness (CPR-flow) using a dataset from direct numerical simulation. The top–down and bottom–up interactions to organize a CP-flow are very similar to those found in earlier studies in turbulent channel/pipe and boundary layer flows. The circulation of roll-cells in the outer region induces the spanwise congregation of negative streamwise velocity fluctuating structures (u) near the wall, leading to a large-scale ejection into the outer region. This large-scale ejection contributes to the formation of a negative VLSM when two adjacent negative large-scale motions merge, and the VLSM induces the circulation of roll-cell motion due to the pure kinematics. A similar process for the inner–outer interactions is found for a CPR-flow. However, because the impact of the surface roughness suppresses the collective motion of negative u-structures near the surface roughness, strong congregation by roll-cells is observed to occur far from the wall, indicating that relatively few negative u-structures with low strength contribute to the formation of a large-scale ejection for the CPR-flow. The weakened large-scale ejection decreases the strength of the VLSM, resulting in weakened roll-cell motion. Published under license by AIP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0043043
Intratumoral microhemorrhage detection on susceptibility-weighted imaging can help in preoperative differentiation of cerebellopontine angle vestibular schwannomas from meningiomas: Correlation with pathology findings

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether intratumoral microhemorrhage detection on susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) could help in preoperative differentiation of cerebellopontine angle (CPA) vestibular schwannomas (VSs) from meningiomas. Patients and Methods: A total of 75 patients (32 males, 43 females; mean age: 45.5±16.7 years; range, 17 to 68 years) consisting of 61 VSs and 14 meningiomas located in the CPA cistern were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using the SWI sequence. All images in our study were obtained with a 12-channel phased-array head coil on a 1.5-Tesla clinical scanner. The presence of intratumoral microhemorrhages on SWI sequence was evaluated by demonstrating blooming artifacts as punctate hypointense regions. Both magnitude and phase-contrast images were used to verify microhemorrhages. All patients in our patient cohort underwent surgery and resected tumor specimens were evaluated by pathology. Results: All VS cases in our cohort exhibited multiple hypointense small foci causing blooming artifact on magnitude and processed SWI images. In the meningioma population, typical MRI signal intensity characteristics, including an intense homogenous contrast enhancement, were observed. In all the meningioma cases, except for one, there was no blooming artifact due to intratumoral hemorrhage within the mass lesions on SWI images. In only one meningioma case, SWI revealed hypointense microhemorrhages within the mass lesion. Following surgical procedures and tumor resections, pathology specimens were evaluated and absence or presence of intratumoral microhemorrhages were detected. These results were significantly correlated with the SWI findings. We obtained 100% sensitivity, 92.8% specificity, and 98.6% accuracy in terms of differentiating VSs from meningiomas located in the CPA cistern by using the SWI sequence. Conclusion: Meningiomas and VSs are the two most common masses of the CPA cistern and, in some cases, it seems to be difficult to reach an accurate diagnosis with conventional MRI sequences. The SWI can be helpful to solve this problem by demonstrating whether intratumoral microhemorrhages are present or not within mass lesions and, thus, can help to assume a probable accurate diagnosis prior to surgery.
Taksonomi Bloom dalam Materi Sistem Persamaan Linear pada Program Paket C di PKBM Hang Tuah Pekanbaru

Penerapan teori taksonomi Bloom dalam pembelajaran perlu dilaksanakan karena dapat membantu warga belajar untuk berpikir tingkat tinggi, yaitu menganalisis, mengevaluasi, dan mencipta. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi kesesuaian teori taksonomi Bloom pada materi sistem persamaan linear dalam mata pelajaran Matematika yang disusun dan dirancang dalam Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP); dan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh teori taksonomi Bloom terhadap tingkat kepuasan warga belajar dalam mengikuti proses pembelajaran pada program pendidikan kesetaraan paket C di PKBM Hang Tuah Pekanbaru. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan observasi subjek penelitian secara langsung. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa penerapan taksonomi bloom pada materi pembelajaran Sistem Persamaan Linear pada mata pelajaran Matematika mampu memberikan semangat dan motivasi warga belajar dalam mengikuti pelajaran. Soal-soal yang diberikan mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan, melatih warga belajar menganalisis dan mengevaluasi dalam pemecahan masalah matematis. Disimpulkan bahwa penerapan taksonomi Bloom sesuai pada materi sistem persamaan linear mata pelajaran Matematika yang di rancang dan disusun dalam RPP. Selain itu, penerapan teori taksonomi Bloom mampu meningkatkan kepuasan warga belajar Paket C dalam mengikuti pembelajaran dalam kelas, dan dapat meningkatkan pemahaman mereka terhadap materi yang dipelajari.Kata Kunci: Taksonomi Bloom, Sistem Persamaan Linear, Program Paket C
Performance Comparison of Fresh and Spray & Wait Protocol through ONE Simulator

Opportunistic Networks (OppNets) are becoming the prime interest for researchers day-by-day due to the large scope of further research into it. An opportunistic network is used to transmit data in an environment of intermittent connectivity. OppNet offers a variety of routing protocols based on different strategies. Each protocol has some pros and cons. Among the available ones, Fresh Routing Protocol and Spray-and-wait Routing Protocol are the most efficient routing protocols in terms of performance during data transmission. This paper aims to compare these two different routing protocols through simulation on the ground of standard performance metrics. It is believed that this simulation comparison will help upcoming researchers in the selection of appropriate routing protocol as per their requirement
RETHINKING THE “BARCELONA MODEL”: MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS OF THE CITY

For decades, the city has created food models by requiring the countryside to meet the growing demand with increasingly more homologated crop reconversions and increasingly vast and competitive farms. The current acceleration of the land concentration process and the dramatic experience of the COVID 19 pandemic have, however, forced us to redefine the city-country relationship, which has been called into question for some years now in various FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) and EU (European Union) documents. Based on the GECOAGRI-LANDITALY (Comparative Geography of Agricultural Areas European and non-European) survey itinerary, a proven tool for reading local peculiarities, the authors show how easy it is to recognize which farmlands can best fulfil the role of guaranteeing food safety and protecting the quality and typicality of traditional foods. The final proposal is to start a new agri-food policy that no longer starts from the demand formulated by the city but, reversing the direction of the old relationship, it starts from the availability of products offered by the countryside to re-educate consumption and promote the sustainability of agricultural practices.