Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
STRESS SENSITIVITY OF SATURATION AND END-POINT RELATIVE PERMEABILITIES

Production induced changes in stress due to reductions in pore pressure have the potential to alter the flow properties of reservoir rocks. There are a large number of experimental results, which show that single-phase permeability is a function of applied stress. In hydrocarbon reservoirs two or even three phases may flow simultaneously through the pore network, however very little data exists on the stress sensitivity of multiphase flow. To measure the stress sensitivity of two-phase flow, the relative permeability of a sandstone was measured as a function of applied stress. The sandstone was an aeolean sandstone from a surface deposit. The sandstone was strongly water wet with an AmottHarvey index of 0.91. The porosity of the samples were between 25.4 and 28.0% and the Klinkenberg corrected gas permeability between 1051 and 1644mD. Samples were saturated with brine under high pressure, flooded with oil at different stresses to an equilibrium initial water saturation, then waterflooded to residual oil saturation. The average water saturation or oil saturation in the sample was calculated from the volume of brine or oil produced. The initial water saturation was stress sensitive in all cores tested. During the dynamic desaturation of a sample at a given stress equilibrium water saturation was reached between 2 and 8 pore volumes of injected oil. The stress was then increased and a new equilibrium water saturation reached. At an injection rate of 40ml/hr water saturations of approximately 0.400 were achieved at 400psi, this dropped to 0.385 at 3000psi and 0.377 at 8000psi. The variation of water saturation with stress can be qualitatively explained in terms of the changing pore volume and the balance between capillary and viscous forces. At a given stress and injection rate there is a balance between the capillary and viscous forces in the pores. The flowing oil is excluded from pores below a certain size by capillary forces. When the stress is increased the entire pore network deforms. Brine is squeezed out of small brine filled pores into the larger pores, where it is swept out of the sample. The effective permeability end points ko(Swi ) and kw(Sor) were stress sensitive, more so than the single phase permeability. A 15% drop in ko(Swi ) was noted from 400-3000psi. This compares to an 8% drop in the single-phase permeability of this material. This shows that the end point relative permeabilities were also stress sensitive.
MONITORING OF MICROBIAL POPULATION AND THEIR ACTIVITIES DURINGCOMPOSTING OF ORGANIC MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES AT CENTRAL INDIA

Seasonal changes in microbial population and the activities of cellulolytic enzymes were investigated during the composting of municipal solid waste at ranital, Central India. The changes in temperature, pH and Carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio were also monitored. The results obtained showed that the temperature of the windrows in all seasons reached the maximum after 3 weeks composting and then decreased by the end of the composting period (35 days), but did not reach ambient temperature. Marked changes in pH values of the compost in all seasons were found, but generally, the pH was near neutrality. Significant increases in the size of the microbial population were obtained in autumn and spring seasons compared to summer and winter seasons. The activities of cellulose were also higher in the autumn and spring seasons than in the summer and winter seasons. The decrease in C/N ratio in autumn and spring was higher than in summer and winter. It was evident that the degradation of organic matter increased by an increase in the microflora and its cellulolytic activities.
A Conceptual Model of Academic Success for Student–Athletes

Concern over the academic talent development of Division I student–athletes has led to increased research to explain variations in their academic performance. Although a substantial amount of attention has been given to the relationship between student–athletes and their levels of academic success, there remain critical theoretical and analytical gaps. The purpose of this article is to develop a conceptual model to understand and explain the cumulative processes and characteristics—as a whole and in stages—that influence academic success for Division I student–athletes. Research on student–athletes and academic success is reviewed and synthesized to provide a rationale for the basic elements of the conceptual model.
A review of the actions of Nitric Oxide in development and neuronal function in major invertebrate model systems

Ever since the late-eighties when endothelium-derived relaxing factor was found to be the gas nitric oxide, endogenous nitric oxide production has been observed in virtually all animal groups tested and additionally in plants, diatoms, slime molds and bacteria. The fact that this new messenger was actually a gas and therefore didn't obey the established rules of neurotransmission made it even more intriguing. In just 30 years there is now too much information for useful comprehensive reviews even if limited to animals alone. Therefore this review attempts to survey the actions of nitric oxide on development and neuronal function in selected major invertebrate models only so allowing some detailed discussion but still covering most of the primary references. Invertebrate model systems have some very useful advantages over more expensive and demanding animal models such as large, easily identifiable neurons and simple circuits in tissues that are typically far easier to keep viable. A table summarizing this information along with the major relevant references has been included for convenience.
DNA Barcoding of Human Stem and Progenitor Cells Reveals Differences in Clonal Dynamics of B and T lymphoid Progeny

Proper immune reconstitution after hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation requires de novo T cell development in the thymus to ensure a broad and diverse T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. The clonal relationship between HSCs and T lymphocytes has long been unclear, especially for human T cells. Previous work showed severe clonal restriction in the thymus. Using a cellular barcoding system, which allows quantitative tracking of the progeny of individual stem cells, we here show that clonal restriction is less severe in B cells and that B cells and T cells often arise from different stem cell clones. Finally, when using total CD34+ progenitor cells rather than stem cells, there is a significant contribution from non-stem cell clones to the T cell pool. Thus, relatively short-lived T cell progenitors can provide significant contribution to long living T lymphocytes.
Brain damage in hypertension

Hypertension is the most important risk factor for stroke and may also predispose to the development of more subtle cerebral damage based on arteriolar narrowing or pathological microvascular changes. Age and high blood pressure are responsible for silent structural and functional cerebral changes leading to white matter lesions, lacunar infarction, and cognitive impairment. Some reports suggest that antihypertensive drug treatment and blood pressure control may play a role in preventing the progression of silent cerebrovascular damage, cognitive impairment and dementia. Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive therapy is well established, and recent trials indicate that blood pressure lowering is also beneficial in reducing stroke recurrence even among stroke patients with no history of hypertension. Early treatment of high blood pressure may prevent progression of silent structural and functional cerebral disease, with blood pressure reduction sustained to target values being the main priority for primary or secondary stroke prevention.
Energy Partition on Fractals

The energy of a function defined on a post-critically finite self-similar fractal can be written as a sum of directional energies. We show, under mild hypotheses, that each directional energy is a fixed multiple of the total energy, and we compute the multiple for a one-parameter family of energy forms on the Sierpinski gasket. For the standard one, the result is an equiparti- tion of energy principle. Also we discuss the energy partition for general p.c. f. fractals, and the relation of it to the uniqueness and stability of a self-similar Dirichlet form.
Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties of Resin Composites Containing Silver Nanoparticles on Streptococcus Mutans

Background and Objectives: Studies showed that resin composites are more susceptible to aggregation of biofilm than amalgam and glass ionomers and have lesser antibacterial effects which results in increasing the rate of secondary caries? Therefore, production of antibacterial resin composites was always under investigation. Thus, the aim of this study is evaluating the efficacy of resin composites containing silver nanoparticles against the Streptococcus Mutans. Methods: In this experimental study, the antibacterial properties of resin composites incorporating 0, 0/02, 0/03, 0/04, 0/05% w/w of Nano silver particles was investigated using turbidity test. Composites was formed on the walls of 400 ml micro plates and after the curing, they left in contact with bacterial suspension. In times of 3, 24 and 48 hours, the optical density of the broth was read by spectrophotometer. The data was analyzed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov, one-way ANOVA, LSD test and repeated measure ANOVA. Results: The results showed that all composites containing silver nanoparticles had antibacterial effects (p ≤0/05) and by increasing the amount of silver nanoparticles to 0/03% w/w, the anti-bactericidal effect rose and the bacterial growth significantly diminished (p=0/001). However, in higher concentrations than 0/03%, this effect decreased. The MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) were seen in composites with 0/02 percent of silver nanoparticles. Conclusion: While all composite groups containing silver nanoparticles had antibacterial effect, the most efficient group was 0/03% w/w and by increasing the amount of silver nanoparticles over 0/04%, the antibacterial effect didn’t increase significantly.
Semi-automatic quantification of blood velocity in Doppler ultrasound images

Blood velocity vs. time graphic images acquired by ultrasound Doppler technique can be used to reveal relationships between data within those graphics and the presence of cardiovascular diseases, among other applications. To facilitate this kind of study in clinical protocols involving hundreds of patients, a computational tool was developed to extract quantitative data from the graphics. After calibration and selection of the region of interest defined by the user, the algorithm automatically detects the baseline and the curve envelope to calculate the peak velocities and the velocity-time integral (VTI). Image processing techniques, such as Connected Components, Gaussian and Median filters were applied to improve the robustness of the envelope detection. A comparative analysis between measurements obtained with commercial ultrasound systems operated by specialists (named as ‘A’) and by the present methodology (named as ‘B’) included systolic peak velocities and VTIs of common carotid and brachial arteries under basal condition, brachial arteries in the reactive hyperemic response and echocardiographic exams. The results showed a small mean difference, calculated as d = A – B, in the Bland-Altman analysis and a high correlation for both: peak velocity (d = 0.02 m/s; r > 0.99; p < 0.01; 102 samples) and VTI (d = 1.25 cm; r > 0.99; p < 0.01; 75 samples). These findings indicate the reliability of this methodology which, in addition to the user friendly graphical interface of this new tool, can be easily used by the clinicians for their large-scale studies based on Doppler ultrasound images.
Political Competition and State Capacity Evidence from a Land Allocation Program in Mexico

We develop a model of the politics of state capacity building undertaken by incumbent parties that have a comparative advantage in clientelism rather than in public goods provision. The model predicts that, when challenged by opponents, clientelistic incumbents have the incentive to prevent investments in state capacity. We provide empirical support for the model’s implications by studying policy decisions by the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) that affected local state capacity across Mexican municipalities and over time. Our difference-in-differences and instrumental variable identification strategies exploit a national shock that threatened the Mexican government’s hegemony in the early 1960s.
The 'Normal Paradigm' of Political Marketing: A Case of Incommensurability with Theories of Democracy?

Political marketing management is often criticised for devaluing democratic processes. However, no literature exists which outlines different concepts of democracies and systematically juxtaposes them with political marketing management in its varied conceptual and practical facets. In this article, we outline three different perspectives, i.e. a selling-oriented, an instrumentally-oriented, and a relational political marketing management, and analyse their compatibility with two different concepts of democracy, specifically competitive elitism, and deliberative democracy. We discuss implications of political marketing vis-a-vis the theory of democracy as well as necessary further research. We find that while certain political marketing management perspectives are associated with different theories of democracy, the current normal paradigm of marketing theory shows the least overlap with democratic theories.
Stock Market Analysis Through Business Cycle Approach

It is often claimed that stock prices are determined on the basis of some key macroeconomic indicators. Presumably, stock market movements reflect positions taken by market participants based on their assessment about the current state of the economy. Given the forward-looking behaviour of OECD Composite Leading Indicator which identifies business cycle phase, this paper explores the possibility of improving risk-adjusted returns of portfolio of US stocks. Using portfolios which are composed only of US stocks we show that asset weights should be modified to accommodate cyclical shifts in the economy if return/risk efficiency is to be maintained over the full cycle. Monthly data applied were from March 1955 to May 2011.
On the Gaudin model associated to Lie algebras of classical types

We derive explicit formulas for solutions of the Bethe Ansatz equations of the Gaudin model associated to the tensor product of one arbitrary finite-dimensional irreducible module and one vector representation for all simple Lie algebras of classical type. We use this result to show that the Bethe Ansatz is complete in any tensor product where all but one factor are vector representations and the evaluation parameters are generic. We also show that except for the type D, the joint spectrum of Gaudin Hamiltonians in such tensor products is simple.
THE SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD. XXX. FOMALHAUT C

LP 876-10 is a nearby active M4 dwarf in Aquarius at a distance of 7.6 pc. The star is a new addition to the 10 pc census, with a parallax measured via the REsearch Consortium On Nearby Stars (RECONS) astrometric survey on the Small and Moderate Aperture Research Telescope System's 0.9 m telescope. We demonstrate that the astrometry, radial velocity, and photometric data for LP 876-10 are consistent with the star being a third bound stellar component to the Fomalhaut multiple system, despite the star lying nearly 6° away from Fomalhaut A in the sky. The three-dimensional separation of LP 876-10 from Fomalhaut is only 0.77 ± 0.01 pc, and 0.987 ± 0.006 pc from TW PsA (Fomalhaut B), well within the estimated tidal radius of the Fomalhaut system (1.9 pc). LP 876-10 shares the motion of Fomalhaut within ∼1 km s−1, and we estimate an interloper probability of ∼10−5. Neither our echelle spectroscopy nor astrometry are able to confirm the close companion to LP 876-10 reported in the Washington Double Star Catalog (WSI 138). We argue that the Castor Moving Group to which the Fomalhaut system purportedly belongs, is likely to be a dynamical stream, and hence membership to the group does not provide useful age constraints for group members. LP 876-10 (Fomalhaut C) has now risen from obscurity to become a rare example of a field M dwarf with well-constrained age (440 ± 40 Myr) and metallicity. Besides harboring a debris disk system and candidate planet, Fomalhaut now has two of the widest known stellar companions.
Recruiting and Retaining Participants in Citizen Science: What Can Be Learned from the Volunteering Literature?

New citizen science projects are emerging all the time as scientists, policy-makers, and non-governmental organisations see the value of conducting research in this way. Understanding what factors infuence people to take part in citizen science projects and why participants continue their involvement are important questions for the field. Here, we bring together key theories from the volunteering literature with examples from the environmental volunteering and citizen science literature to describe the factors that influence people to start and continue participating in citizen science projects. Good project organi sation is key, and project organisers need to consider potential participants’ motivations; their personal attributes, circumstances and demographics; and how they will become aware of the opportunity. We discuss each of these factors with reference to both the academic and the grey (non-academic) literature, and based on this make general recommendations for those designing and running citizen science projects.
COMPARISON OF PAIN CATASTROPHIZATION AND INTIMACY BETWEEN FEMALES WITH AND WITHOUT DYSPAREUNIA WHO PRESENTED TO PROFESSIONAL CLINICS FOR WOMEN HEALTHA

Objective: One of the clinical issues in patients is pain. Dyspareunia is a common disabling condition in females and affects two-thirds of women in their life. Dyspareunia is a psycho-physiologic state which for its diagnosis both physical and psychological factors should be considered. One of the most important improper confronting ways in presence of Dyspareunia is pain catastrophization. This study was done to compare pain catatsrophization between females with and without Dyspareunia who presented to governmental specialty clinics for women health in Sari, Iran. Methods: Eighty-six females with age range of 18-48 years who suffered from Dyspareunia who presented to specialty clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital and Tooba Specialty Clinic were selected randomly. Forty-three females were studied using Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and Intimacy Scale (IS) Forty-three females who did not suffer from Dyspareunia and were matched to the first group regarding age and educational level and comprised control group. Results: In comparing females with and without Dyspareunia, mean PCS was 30.51 (11.9) in patient group and 20.72 (11.31) in control group. Mean scores of mental rumination (2.74 (±0.98) in patients and 2.04 (±0.92) in controls), magnification (2.18 (±1.13) in patients and 1.67 (±1.12) in controls), helplessness (2.17 (±0.99) in patients and 1.26 ± (0.9) in controls) showed significant difference between the two studied groups. Among indices of pain catastrophizationb in patient group, mean scores of mental rumination, magnification, and helplessness were higher than in healthy control group (P< 0.05). While there was no significant difference in intimacy scores between patient and healthy groups, there also found no significant correlation between catastrophization and intimacy in healthy women (r = 621 / 0 ) and patients (r = 262 / 0 ) (P< 0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that pain catastrophization and its indices were higher in females who suffered from Dyspareunia than in healthy ones. Regarding the high frequency of pain catastrophization, depression, and anxiety in females with Dyspareunia, the necessity to provide psychological interventions provided by psychiatrists and psychologists in specialty clinics for women health.
Mechanical enterogenesis - A review

Mechanical enterogenesis is a novel method of lengthening pre-existing intestine with distractive force. The application of mechanical force on small intestine aims to induce cellular proliferation and ultimately increase bowel length. This has been investigated primarily for the treatment of short bowel syndrome (SBS). Research has been ongoing for well over a decade in this arena and a multitude of advances have been made, both in the understanding of the biology behind force induced cellular proliferation and in the basic mechanics of force delivery systems. Important experimental models have been developed for studying this phenomenon and the collaboration of engineers and medical researchers has lead to the design of several devices that successfully lengthen small intestine. This has catapulted the field forward and there may soon be a device suitable for medical use in humans. This review analyses the past, present and future of mechanical enterogenesis.
Renewable Technology Adoption and the Macroeconomy Bernardino Adao Bank of Portugal Borghan Narajabad

We study the adaptation of new technologies by renewable energy-producing rms in a dynamic general equilibrium model where energy is an input in the production of goods. Energy can come from fossil or renewable sources. Both require the use of capital, which is also needed in the production of nal goods. Renewable energy rms can invest in improving the productivity of their capital stock. The actual improvement is random and subject to spillovers. Productivity improvements by renewable rms require "scrapping" some of their existing capital. Together with spill-overs, this leads to under-investment in improving the productivity of renewable energy capital. In the presence of environmental externalities, the optimal allocation can be implemented through a Pigouvian tax on fossil fuel, together with a policy which promotes adaptation of new renewable technologies by taxing rms proportional to their under-scrapping. An implication of our analysis is that it is not optimal to make large investments in new technologies where progress is fast and where current capital becomes obsolete before long. We calibrate the model using world-economy data in order to study the implications of various proposed tax/subsidy scenarios for economic growth. We are grateful to many colleagues, especially Peter Hartley and Antonia Diaz, for discussions and comments. We also thank participants at the Yale University Cowles Foundation 2012 Summer Conference on "Macroeconomics and Climate Change," the Qatar Petroleum Workshop in Doha, Qatar, the 2012 Vienna Macro Conference, the 2012 CESifo conference on Energy and Climate Economics, SMU, and the 2013 ASSA Meetings for their comments.
Preliminary Validation of SCIAMACHY Nadir OClO SCDs

Measurements of OClO total columns can serve as an indicator of stratospheric chlorine activation. It has been shown in several studies that OClO observations from GOME are well suited to characterise the spatial and temporal evolution of the chlorine activation in both hemispheres. Here we present OClO observations from SCIAMACHY in nadir mode. Since to date no operational OClO products are available we investigated scientific products processed by the Universities of Heidelberg and Bremen. We compared the SCIAMACHY OClO SCDs to simultaneous observations from GOME and also to OClO observations made by the AMAYX-DOAS instrument on the DLR-Falcon. In both cases a good agreement was found. However, compared to GOME data the SCIAMACHY OClO SCDs still show a relatively large offset and scatter.