Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Further studies on the protein bound to the messenger RNA in mammalian polysomes.

Proteins were liberated from the rapidly labelled RNA of rat-liver polysomes by treatment with sodium deoxycholate. Polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis showed that four main protein components were removed from the polysomes by such treatment. To identify which of these proteins were derived from the rapidly labelled RNA, polysomes were treated in different ways and analyzed by sedimentation in sucrose gradients. Only the most slowly moving component (protein α) sedimented together with the rapidly labelled RNA when intact polysomes were treated with EDTA. When the polysomes were fragmented by incubation with RNAase prior to the addition of EDTA, the sedimentation rate of the radioactivity as well as that of protein α was reduced. Also in intact polysomes and in fragmented polysomes not treated with EDTA, protein α showed a similar sedimentation pattern as the radioactivity. In EDTA-treated rabbit-reticulocyte polysomes a protein with similar characteristics as protein α sedimented together with the globin messenger RNA. From the mobility in polyacrylamide gels in the presence of sodium dodecylsulphate the molecular weight of protein α was estimated to be 160000. The results indicate that a protein with a high molecular weight is bound to the messenger-RNA in mammalian polysomes, and that this protein is different from the protein bound to the nuclear RNA of a DNA-like base composition.
The epithelia lining the renal pelvis in the rat.

The shape and structure of the renal pelvis is a good deal more complicated than is generally realized, even in a unilobar kidney such as that of the rat (Fig. 1). Near the hilum, where it is surrounded by the connective tissue of the renal sinus, the pelvis is lined with transitional epithelium continuous with that of the upper end of the ureter. Deeper in, however, the epithelium is thinner: over the papilla (inner medulla) it is only one cell thick, while over the outer medulla it is one, or at the most, two cells thick. In this last situation only the thinnest of epithelial barriers separates the pelvic urine from the rich vascular plexuses of the medulla. In addition, in many species, processes of outer medullary tissue, hitherto known as secondary pyramids (Fig. 1), invaginate the pelvis, giving rise to secondary fornices which lie between these processes and the main part of the outer medulla (Pfeiffer, 1968; Khorshid et al. 1969). These processes have the effect of greatly increasing the surface area of the pelvic lining. In fact, the appearance of the secondary pyramids in sections is misleading, since they are not papilla-like projections, but are flaps of outer medullary tissue which overlap each of the interlobar vessels, and their true form cannot be seen in sections, but only in dissections of the whole kidney (Cartwright, personal communication). On account of their form and the fact that they are composed of outer rather than inner medullary tissue, Cartwright suggested that they should be called opercula rather than pyramids and this terminology will be used here. Even in those species, such as the dog, cat and rabbit, in which a pelvic septum is present (Sheehan& Davis, 1959), an extension ofthe pelvic cavity passes deep to the septum to come into close and extensive contact with the outer medulla. The relationship between the pelvis and the kidney substance is of great practical importance owing to the possibility of direct exchanges of water and solutes between the pelvic urine and the renal tissue. Gertz, Schmidt-Nielsen & Pagel (1966), by perfusing the pelvis with fluids of different composition, were able to demonstrate the exchange of water, sodium and urea between the urine and the inner and outer medulla while, more recently, Schutz & Schnermann (1972) have collected urine directly from the collecting ducts of the papilla during perfusion of the pelvis with solutions of different composition and osmolarity. It was found that changing the osmolarity of the perfusing fluid caused parallel changes in urine osmolarity. Since the epithelia across which these exchanges take place had not previously been studied in detail, it was decided to investigate their structure in the rat by electron
Parent-Offspring Conflict and Life-History Consequences in Herbivorous Insects

We develop an evolutionarily stable strategy theory of parent-offspring conflict in insect herbivores for the case in which offspring can choose to leave host plants on which they have been deposited by their mother. We find that a fundamental parent-offspring conflict in larval leaving rates occurs because individual larvae are more related to themselves than to their siblings whereas mothers are equally related to each of their offspring. Several patterns emerge: (1) The optimal probability of movement from the mother's perspective, P* mom, is always greater than or equal to the optimal probability of movement from the offspring's perspective, P* off, (2) a consequence of this difference in optimal probabilities of movement is that the mother's fitness for a given clutch is always greater for P* mom than P* off, (3) as the payoff for leaving a plant decreases, (i) the optimal movement rates decrease and (ii) clutches become smaller, (4) as relatedness increases, optimal movement probabilities increase and this causes an increase in optimal clutches, and (5) the clutch size that maximizes the mother's lifetime fitness will frequently diverge from that which the mother would produce were the offspring to move at her optimal rate (i.e., P* mom).
of Climate System Modeling Tropical Pacific ENSO models : ENSO as a mode of the coupled system

The most dramatic, most energetic, and best defined pattern of interannual variability is the global set of climatic anomalies referred to as ENSO, an acronym derived from its oceanographic component, El Niño, and its atmospheric component, the Southern Oscillation. Occurring irregularly, but about every 4 years on average, ENSO warm events directly effect the climate of more than half the planet, often exacting a heavy toll in human life and economic well-being. The devastating consequences of the 1982/83 ENSO warm event, the most extreme in at least a century, are graphically illustrated in Canby (1984). In Australia the worst drought ever recorded spawned firestorms that incinerated whole towns. The same drought conditions resulted in the burning of millions of acres of rainforest in Borneo. There were also severe droughts in the Nordeste region of Brazil, in the Sahel, and in Southern Africa. Normally arid regions of Peru and Ecuador were inundated by more than 3m of rain, causing great loss of life and destruction of the transportation infrastructure. Drastic changes in the tropical Pacific Ocean resulted in mass mortality of fish and bird life. All in all, $8 billion in damages and the loss of 2000 lives have been attributed to the 1982/83 ENSO event. While the consequences of the warm events has long been appreciated (some historical remarks are given below), awareness of the importance of the cold extremes of the ENSO cycle has developed quite recently. The linking of the cold event of 1988 to the drought in North America (Trenberth et al, 1988), was but one of the global consequences (cf Ropelewski and Halpert, 1987). ENSO has a number of special relations to the issue of greenhouse warming motivating so much of the current interest in the climate system (including this book). The ultimate realization of all climate fluctuations, even those, like the march of the seasons – or greenhouse warmin– which are externally forced, depends on complex internal feedbacks within the climate system. ENSO is the prime example of variability stemming entirely from the internal workings of the climate system. Generated by the interaction of ocean and atmosphere, it embodies physics essential to longer term climate variability. The ongoing controversy about detection of the greenhouse signal in the climate record turns in part on whether a secular increase in global temperature can be said to have emerged from the noise. In this case “noise” means the natural (and thus “normal”) variability of the earth’s climate system. Any statistical test intended to decide this question must rely on some model
Stent restenosis, pathophysiology and treatment options: a 2010 update.

An impressive array of stent improvements, newer drug reg-imens and technological advances have emerged and broadened the therapeutic spectrum for interventional cardiologists worldwide. The recurrence of luminal nar-rowing due to recoil, arterial vessel re-modeling and intimal hyperplasia induced by artery injury and disease progression, has compromised the results of balloon angioplasty. The use of stents during PCI achieved both a significant decrease in the incidence of acute complications and an improvement in patients’ outcomes.
The Effectiveness of Dentifrices, Mouthwashes, and Ammonia-Urea Compounds in the Control of Dental Caries

Until recently I have been skeptical of the possibility of a dentifrice or a mouthrinse influencing significantly, for any prolonged period of time, the oral bacterial flora, and skeptical also of its ability to reduce caries activity in any significant amount. There are a number of factors that operate against the effective use of such preparations; for instance, salivary dilution. When a dentifrice or mouthrinse is taken into the mouth its effectiveness would seem to be only momentary because of the rapid dilution from saliva, particularly when most of these agents contain flavoring oils which tend to stimulate salivary flow. Then there is another limiting factor: that of penetration. Can the active ingredient in the dentifrice or the mouthrinse reach the vulnerable areas on the surface of the teeth where decay is actually occurring? Muntz and Miller' have reported on the impermeability of plaque material. By a clever device, they homogenized bacterial plaques that had been scraped off teeth. They put this homogenized suspension in fine capillary tubes, and by centrifuging the material they were able to lay down plaques of varying thickness in the bottom of these tubes. Then they exposed these plaques to various anti-carious agents to determine what the permeability of the plaque material would be, and they found evidence that even such diffusible things as urea and glucose did not readily penetrate this artificially precipitated plaque material. Another factor that operates against the effective use of a dentifrice or mouthrinse is the fact that many of the active ingredients employed are inactivated or are rendered less effective by organic material, and we know that there is abundant organic material, microscopically speaking, and that the ingredients must penetrate if they are going to be effective. Still another limiting factor, and a very real one, I think, is the necessity for patient cooperation. Not many people brush their teeth. However, if we could produce satisfactory and conclusive evidence that tooth brushing or mouth rinsing is effective in reducing caries activity, I think that a much larger number of people could be stimulated into using the toothbrush or a mouthrinse. Before this state can be obtained more conclusive evidence must be secured. A review of the literature regarding the effectiveness of a medicated mouthrinse reveals that a study was made a few years ago at Johns Hopkins University2 in which mouths were rinsed with 1,000 c.c. of water. The 1,000 c.c. were divided into 25 c.c. portions, and these were used consecutively for forty rinsings. Bacterial counts were made of the first, the fourth, the twentieth, and the fortieth rinsing. The number of bacteria that were removed from the mouth by tap
A fixed-time second order sliding mode observer for a class of nonlinear systems

This paper presents a second order fixed time sliding mode observer based on an extension of the super-twisting algorithm. This observer can be applied to a class of nonlinear system with a block-wise representation. The block structure provides a straightforward form to the application of the proposed second order sliding mode algorithm, yielding to finite-time convergence with a settling time independent to the system initial conditions. Finally, as numerical simulation example, the case of a linear induction motor is studied, exposing the efficiency and feasibility of the proposal.
Biotransformation of Cholesterol and 16α,17α-Epoxypregnenolone and Isolation of Hydroxylase in Burkholderia cepacia SE-1

The metabolism of cholesterol is critical in eukaryotes as a precursor for vitamins, steroid hormones, and bile acids. Some steroid compounds can be transformed into precursors of steroid medicine by some microorganisms. In this study, the biotransformation products of cholesterol and 16α,17α-epoxypregnenolone produced by Burkholderia cepacia SE-1 were investigated, and a correlative enzyme, hydroxylase, was also studied. The biotransformation products, 7β-hydroxycholesterol, 7-oxocholesterol, and 20-droxyl-16α,17α-epoxypregn-1,4-dien-3-one, were purified by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopy. The hydroxylase was isolated from the bacterium and the partial sequences of the hydroxylase, which belong to the catalases/peroxidase family, were analyzed using MS/MS analyses. The enzyme showed activity toward cholesterol and had a specific activity of 37.2 U/mg of protein at 30°C and pH 7.0.
The characterization of Pseudomonas fluorescens with the aid of an electronic computer.

SUMMARY: Data which had been used to characterize the species Pseudomonas fluorescens (Rhodes, 1959), as distinct from the data used to define the genus Pseudomonas, have now been used to obtain an assessment of the over-all similarity of 169 isolates of polarly flagellate bacteria (mainly of the P. fluorescens species-group) by means of an electronic computer. The results of this analysis are compared with the arrangement of isolates previously favoured by the author. It was found that the two arrangements were often closely similar; the discrepancies are discussed. The two aeromonads of the collection were picked out by the computer, which also satisfactorily replaced an accidentally misplaced pseudomonad isolate. One hundred and thirty-four isolates previously considered to belong to the P. fluorescens species-group were positioned together by the computer in a group with more than 80.0% over-all similarity throughout. This confirmed previous conclusions about the validity of this taxonomic unit, even though the description of it may appear imprecise because each character was not possessed by every isolate. The possibility of further species differentiation within this group is discussed, particularly with regard to P. aeruginosa. The results suggest that P. aeruginosa may be regarded as a variety of P. fluorescens. Other evidence was obtained which suggests that further work on the phytopathogenic pseudomonads may well reveal significant differences from P. fluorescens. Factors governing the choice of a type strain or culture are discussed.
Effects of calcium treatment applied around the root zone on nutrient concentrations and morphological traits of papaya seedlings (Carica papaya L. cv. Eksotika II)

A potculture experiment was carried out to study the effect of calcium applied to the root zone of papaya seedlings (Carica papaya L. cv. Eksotika II) on nutrient uptake and morphological traits during 2010-11 at Agro technology Unit, University Agriculture Park (TPU), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor. Papaya seedlings established in pots fertigated with different levels of concentrations of recommended nutrient solutions. Three different sources of calcium such as calcium chloride (CaCl2), calcium nitrate Ca (NO3)2 and calcium propionate Ca(C2H5COO)2 in different six concentrations (0, 180, 240, 300, 360 and 420 mg L-1) were added to the root zone at depth of 15 to 25 cm. The addition of calcium to the root zone was started one month after transplanting of seedlings and continued fortnightly for two months. The N, P, K, Ca and Cl content were measured from the leaves during the experiment. Similarly growth observations on stem height, stem diameter, root number, root length and average root diameter were measured one month after transplanting. The results indicate that the N content is higher under calcium nitrate and calcium propionate treatments. However application of calcium through calcium chloride decreased the N content. The potassium (P) content was not influenced under different sources of calcium instead the potassium content decreased with increasing calcium concentration. Furthermore, even though the calcium content in plant was not significantly affected by the different sources of calcium, there were significant differences between control and 300 mg L-1 calcium containing nutrient solution. Among the growth parameters, stem diameter and root length were maximum under the application of 240 and 180 mg L-1 nutrient solution, respectively. However, with the exception of control, the differences for other treatments could not reach the level of significance.
The quaternary structure of bovine brain kinesin.

In the present work we have studied the subunit composition of kinesin, the microtubule‐activated, mechanochemical ATPase, isolated from bovine brain. Polypeptides with mol. wts of 120 and 62 kd are the major components of the kinesin preparation. These polypeptides could not be separated by electrophoresis under nondenaturing conditions or by FPLC on a MonoQ column, and are therefore assumed to form a tight complex. As shown by immunoblotting with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to the 120‐kd polypeptide and by one‐dimensional peptide mapping, the 62‐kd polypeptide does not appear to be a proteolytic product of the 120‐kd component. Densitometric scanning of polyacrylamide‐SDS gels shows that these polypeptides are present in a complex in a 1:1 molar ratio. The mol. wt of native kinesin was studied by sedimentation equilibrium and was found to be 386 +/‐ 14 kd. A comparison of the mol. wts of individual polypeptides with the mol. wt of the intact molecule indicates that the native molecule contains two 120‐kd subunits and two 62‐kd subunits.
Control of immunodeficiency and lymphoproliferation in mouse AIDS: studies of mice deficient in CD8+ T cells or perforin

CD8+ T cells were previously shown to be important in preventing lymphoproliferation and immunodeficiency following infection of murine AIDS (MAIDS)-resistant mice with the LP-BM5 mixture of murine leukemia viruses. To further evaluate the mechanisms contributing to MAIDS resistance, we studied mice lacking CD8+ T cells or deficient in perforin due to knockout of the beta2-microglobulin (beta2M) or perforin gene, respectively. In contrast to wild-type, MAIDS-resistant controls, B10.A mice homozygous for the beta2M mutation and B10.D2 mice homozygous for the perforin mutation were diagnosed as having MAIDS by 5 to 8 weeks after infection by the criteria of lymphoproliferation, impaired proliferative responses to mitogens, and changes in cell populations as judged by histopathology and flow cytometry. Unexpectedly, there was no progression of lymphoproliferation through 24 weeks, even though immune functions were severely compromised. Expression of the defective virus responsible for MAIDS was enhanced in spleens of the knockouts in comparison with wild-type mice. These results demonstrate that perforin-dependent functions of CD8+ T cells contribute to MAIDS resistance but that other, non-CD8-dependent mechanisms are of equal or greater importance.
Noradrenergic modulation of space exploration in visual neglect

Visual neglect after stroke is often associated with a failure to explore contralesional space. Here, we show that guanfacine, a noradrenergic agonist that modulates dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, improves leftward space exploration in selected right‐hemisphere patients with neglect. The positive effects of guanfacine were associated with extended ability to maintain attention on task. The results suggest that neuropharmacological targeting of intact frontal areas might be one way to enhance cognitive function after damage to posterior brain regions in selected individuals. Ann Neurol 2005
Immunohistochemical Characteristics of Kaposi Sarcoma and its Mimicries

Background : The differential diagnosis of Kaposi sarcoma includes many disease that range from benign disease to malignant tumors. However, little information is available about the immunohistochemical characteristics of Kaposi sarcoma. Methods : The expressions of 13 various proteins (HHV-8 LNA-1, Ki-67, bcl-2, p53, CD31, CD34, factor VIII, D2-40, vimentin, SMA, S-100, EMA, and c-kit) were evaluated immunohistochemically in 49 vascular tumors including 16 Kaposi sarcomas, 8 angiosarcomas, 2 hemangioendotheliomas, and 23 benign vascular tumors with using the tissue array method. Results : All 16 cases of Kaposi sarcoma showed nuclear staining for HHV-8 LNA-1, whereas all the cases of angiosarcoma and benign vascular lesions were negative for HHV-8 LNA-1 (p 0.05). No Kaposi sarcoma showed a bcl-2 expression, but 62.5% of the angiosarcomas and 21.7% of the benign vascular tumors had bcl-2 expressions (p= 0.005). Conclusions : Immunohistochemical detection of HHV-8 LNA-1 and D2-40 are useful tools to differentiate Kaposi sarcoma from other vascular tumors.
Enhanced player interaction using motion controllers for VR FPS

Goal of virtual reality (VR) is to increase the realism and user experience. In order to achieve these goals, we analyze the existing solutions and propose a new method of user interaction for a first person shooting (FPS) game prototype. In our FPS prototype, wearing a head mounted display together with two motion controllers, we design the player interaction using both hands to operate in-game firearms and mimicking shooting action in real-world. Additionally, we make use of one of the trending and free game engines in order to develop a run-able game prototype.
A serosurvey of water-borne pathogens amongst canoeists in South Africa

Summary Certain health risks have been associated with recreational exposure to faecally polluted water. Canoeing in certain South African waters is considered to be a high risk activity with regard to schistosomiasis. gastroenteritis and possibly hepatitis. In a cross-sectional study, a serosurvey was conducted amongst canoeists to ascertain whether or not they had a higher seroprevalence to hepatitis A virus. Norwalk virus and Schistosoma spp. than non-canoeists. In comparisons between the two groups, a significant association could not be demonstrated between canoeing and antibody response to hepatitis A and Norwalk viruses (P-values for age-adjusted χ2 were 0·083 and 0·219 respectively), but a significant association could be demonstrated between canoeing and the antibody response to Schistosoma spp. (P > 0·001: age-adjusted).
Development of Low Cost Microcontroller based Pulse ElectroMagnetic Pulse Therapy System for Pain relief and Bone Healing

Pulse Electromagnetic therapy is usually referred by doctors for clinical management of quick bone healing, repair of damaged tissues and as a quick remedy for pain. Various PEMT equipment are already available in market, but none of them are available as low cost consumer electronic device. Authors tried to develop a low cost version of micro controller controlled PEMT device. The design and construction method of this PEMT device has been thoroughly discussed in this paper. The prototype constructed not only met the low cost criteria but also was equally effective at pain management and bone healing.