Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
MANAGING THE TEACHER AS A HUMAN RESOURCE FOR PROPER IMPLEMENTATION OF EDUCATIONAL STANDARDS IN NIGERIA

The paper established the basis of educational standards to be revolving around the needs and aspirations of students and society both in the classroom and outside. Educational standards therefore define the knowledge and skills students should possess at critical points in their educational career. Such educational standards therefore define the knowledge and skills students should possess at critical points in their educational career. Such educational standards must equip the students to compete favourably with their colleagues anywhere in the world especially as there are great challenges today in all human endeavours – social, political, economic, health, cultural, etc – and the teacher is a major anchor towards the development and implementation of such educational standards even though the paper recognized other stakeholders in the development of educational standards. Seeing the teacher as the right human resource in this regard, the paper suggested the employment of qualified teacher and effective management of such teacher by applying a number of management theories such as Maslow’s theory, theories X, Y, and Z, contingency theory, goal setting theory, expectancy theory, reinforcement theory and equity theory among others.
Rule Extraction from Support Vector Machines: A Geometric Approach. Technical Report

This paper presents a new approach to rule extraction from Support Vector Machines. SVMs have been applied successfully in many areas with excellent generalization results; rule extraction can offer explanation capability to SVMs. We propose to approximate the SVM classification boundary through querying followed by clustering, searching and then to extract rules by solving an optimization problem. Theoretical proof and experimental results then indicate that the rules can be used to validate the SVM results, since maximum fidelity with high accuracy can be achieved.
MACROMORPHOLOGICAL AND MICROMORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF FOUR SELECTED PASSIFLORA SPECIES IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

TaxonomicstudiesoffourselectedPassifloraspecies;� Passiflora edulis Sims�(Passionfruit),� Passiflora coccinea Aubl. � (Scarletpassionflower),� Passiflora foetidaL. �(Stinkingpassionflower)�and� Passiflora incarnata L. �(Fragrantpassion� flower)�werecarriedouttodistinguishtheirmorph ologicalcharacteristics. �Macromorphologicalcharac tersontheleaves,� flowersandfruitsofallfour� Passiflora specieswereobservedunderabinocularmicroscopeandtheyvaried� characteristicallyintermsofcolour,�textureand� shapeofflowers,�leavesandfruits. �JeolJSM&7500FScanningElectron� Microscopewasusedtoobservethemicromorphologic alcharacterssuchasstomata,� trichomes,� andleaf� surface� indumentumofeachPassiflora species. �Micromorphologically,�eachspeciesvariedintypesandsizesofstomata,�epidermal� surfacesandpresenceoftrichomes. � �
The impact of resource on remote quantum correlation Preparation

When Alice and Bob share two pairs of quantum correlated states, Alice can remotely prepare quantum entanglement and quantum discord in Bob's side by measuring the parts in her side and telling Bob the measurement results by classical communication. For remote entanglement preparation, entanglement is necessary. We find that for some shared resources having the same amount of entanglement, when Bell measurement is used, the entanglement remotely prepared can be different, and more discord in the resources actually decreases the entanglement prepared. We also find that for some resources with more entanglement, the entanglement remotely prepared may be less. Therefore, we conclude that entanglement is a necessary resource but may not be the only resource responsible for the entanglement remotely prepared, and discord does not likely to assist this process. Also, for the preparation of discord, we find that some states with no entanglement could outperform entangled states.
Integration Of A Product Choice Model And A Latent Variable Model Of Nutrition Information

We develop and estimate an integrated discrete choice model system of product choice and nutrition information for prepared frozen meals in the United States in the period from 1993 to 1998, when government regulation of nutrition labeling changed from voluntary to mandatory. The model links consumer characteristics (e.g., income, knowledge about nutrition, nutrition label use) to product characteristics (e.g., prices, nutritional attributes) and allows us to obtain consumer preference parameters and demand elasticities with regard to product characteristics. We find that prices, advertising, price reductions, and consumer preferences for taste have a significant effect on the demand for prepared frozen meals, whereas knowledge about nutrition and nutrition label use do not. Using the estimated demand parameters we then evaluate the impact of the new mandatory labeling policy. The results show that consumer preferences and purchasing patterns within the prepared frozen meals category did not change significantly after the implementation of mandatory nutrition labeling.
Field appraisal of seed priming to improve the growth, yield, and quality of direct seeded rice

Poor crop stand and high weed infestation are the major constraints of direct seeded rice. Seed priming has the potential to improve the seedling emergence and crop stand. This study was conducted to evaluate the on-farm assessment of direct seeded rice by employing different priming techniques such as on-farm priming, hydropriming, hardening, and osmohardening with CaCl2 and KCl. Untreated seeds were taken as control. Among all the seed priming techniques, osmohardening with CaCl2 improved the stand establishment, allometric response, agronomic traits, yield, and quality of harvested paddy compared with other priming techniques, and non-primed control in direct seeded culture. Improved crop stand as indicated by lower values of time to emergence and higher values for emergence index and final emergence, higher crop growth rate, and improved plant height, tiller numbers, and straw and kernel yield with high harvest index were recorded from osmohardening with CaCl2. In addition, seed priming treatments also improved the kernel quality. Osmohardening with CaCl2 was the best way to reduce sterile spikelets, abortive and chalky kernels, and improve kernel length. However, none of the seed priming techniques could improve the number of kernels per branch, 1000-kernel weight, kernel width, and kernel water absorption ratio. Moreover, improved phosphorus, calcium, and potassium contents were also observed from osmohardening with CaCl2 followed by KCl. Osmohardening with CaCl2 can therefore be employed for better crop stand, growth, yield, and quality in direct seeded rice.
Towards Wireless Communication with Bounded Delay

Many of the existing implementations of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) cannot be considered for safety critical systems that require a constant upper bound time delay delivering messages. To deal with that, Petig, Schiller, Tsigas proposed a selfstabilising Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) Protocol without leaders and external references [1]. The system settings that Petig et. al’s assume consider the case in which ambient noise does not exist and in the absence of concurrent transmission packets are always received. This work considers the implementation of Petig et. al in real systems. Namely, we consider message reception behaviour that is subject to ambient noise and other complex radio propagation patterns. We show that the strategy proposed by Petig et. al for mitigating the effect of concurrent transmissions is applicable for working WSN systems. We also propose to build atop Petig et. al’s robust algorithm and use a masking technique we call link reliability to provide mitigation against repeated packet drop due. Simulations and real experiments show distinct benefits of utilising link reliability.
Modeling interplay between regional net ecosystem carbon balance and soil erosion for a crop-pasture region

[1] The balance between erosion-induced soil carbon loss and the reduction in heterotrophic respiration caused by carbon removal in semiarid ecosystems that suffer from severe soil erosion is still largely uncertain. In this paper, we revised and applied a simulation model to analyze responses of ecosystem processes in the crop-pasture belt region of northern China to impacts of soil erosion and climate shift. The revised model includes a new module that calculates runoff-induced soil erosion and soil carbon and nutrient losses. The model was validated against long-term field observations on plant productivity at several sites, and sediment yields of experiments with various vegetation covers and slopes. Simulation with historical climate data without considering erosion showed that the average net primary productivity (NPP), heterotrophic respiration (RHE), agricultural harvest (HAV), and net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) were 210.1 ± 26.9, 169.8 ± 7.7, 35.9 ± 4.1, and 4.4 ± 22.5 gC m � 2 a � 1 , respectively. In contrast, simulation with soil erosion gave an average erosion-induced loss of soil organic carbon (ECL) of 11.0 ± 2.8 gC m � 2 a � 1 , and decreased average NPP, RHE, and HAV by 3.3 ± 0.7, 14.5 ± 0.3, and 0.2 ± 0.0 gC m � 2 a � 1 , respectively. Given NPP maintained by crop fertilization and irrigation for crop fields, the erosion-induced soil carbon loss is thus counterbalanced by the decrease in heterotrophic respiration, resulting in an invariant NECB with respect to soil erosion.
Seguranc ca e Privacidade na Internet por Esteganografia em Imagens

A esteganografia, arte e ciência das comunicações secretas, inclui um vasto conjunto de métodos para comunicações secretas tais como tintas “invisíveis”, micro-pontos, arranjo de caracteres (character arrangement) entre outras. Os principais objetivos deste trabalho foram pesquisar as principais técnicas de esteganografia em imagens digitais da atualidade e desenvolver um software capaz de permitir a comunicação segura pela internet.
Description of Prototype Modes-of-Action Related to Repeated Dose Toxicity

This report presents the definition and detailed documentation of chosen toxicological MoAs associated with repeated dose target organ toxicity as a first step in building a "prototype" safety assessment framework. In addition to providing a detailed description of the two chosen MoAs related to chronic liver toxicity, namely "MoA from Protein Alkylation to Liver Fibrosis" and "MoA from Liver X Receptor Activation to Liver Steatosis", the report also describes the working process leading to this result including the problems that have been encountered. The exercise followed as far as possible relevant WHO-IPCS and OECD guidance. The report represents the first deliverable of a contract of work between Cosmetics Europe and the European Commission's Joint Research Centre for supplementing the work of the SEURAT-1 research cluster.
Fairness of Performance Appraisal and Organizational Commitment

This study is conducted to examine the perception of public servants towards the fairness of performance appraisal and its effect on organizational commitment. This study also examined the intermediary effects of satisfaction in these two relationships. The data for this study were obtained through a survey among 425 employees of government agencies. The findings show that perceived fairness of performance appraisal has influenced their commitment towards organization through the mediating factor of satisfaction. This finding is consistent with the efforts by the government to establish a more transparent and more accountable decision-making process in an organization. In conclusion, to improve performance evaluation to be more effective in influencing organizational commitment, satisfaction of the civil servants as well as fair performance management within the organization should be given priority.
Application of Just-In-Time Principles to Financial Services

Services sector is considered an essential contributor in GDP of developing countries. Some of the manufacturing related concepts such as JIT have been applied in services sector to generate the same benefits. Due to globalization and continuously changing business environment, concept of 'Just in Time (JIT)' has emerged and is playing intensive role in business environment. It helps in creating competitive advantage by upgrading flexibility of whole system with a view to establish such a production system where consumers purchase goods exactly at the same time when they needed on low cost and predefined quality. The purpose of this study is to examine the applicability of JIT in financial services and it focused on loan approval process in banking sector. Two important dimensions of JIT; 'Quality at Source' and 'Cellular Structure' were selected to examine the magnitude of JIT application in loan approval process. Study is qualitative in nature so data collected through interviews conducted in banks. Results revealed that JIT significantly play its role in financial services and especially in loan approval process of banks. By the application of quality at source and cellular structure; banks can save time, cost and other resources along with quality standards. Results also showed that by the effective application of JIT in loan approval process, banks can make better utilization of their resources and can improve operations efficiency.
Approaching to nanostructures using basic concepts of quantum mechanics

In this work we discuss some concepts of quantum mechanics showing the result for the ground state energy of the infinite potential well that, together with elementary thermal physics concepts applied to semiconductors, help us to estimate the size of nanostructures. The energy value of the infinite potential well is compared with the finite potential well, some results were obtained with numerical calculations using basic quantum mechanics, particularly we used the BenDaniel–Duke model used for semiconductor junctions to analyze the structure GaAsAl1–x Gax As, the energy levels were obtained of the confined states in the quantum well of the nanostructure in function of Al percentage. This system is representative of nanostructures quantum devices, currently under study in electronic solid state physics. This presentation could be very useful to teach in undergraduate applied physics courses
Model based validation scheme for organ segmentation in medical image data

Model based methods have proven to be among the most reliable and robust solutions for application of medical image processing in organ segmentation and reconstruction. They assume a repetitive geometric pattern for the organ of interest and therefore utilize probabilistic models to characterize organs shape or other attributes. A common strategy, adopted by most of the model based methods, is to use model attributes as prior information in the actual segmentation process. In this work, we propose a novel approach for accurate 3D organ segmentation and modeling in the CT scan volumes. Instead of direct use of the organs prior information in the segmentation process, here we utilize the knowledge of the organ to validate a large number of potential segmentation hypotheses that are generated by a generic segmentation process. For this, PCA based organ space is utilized to measure the fidelity of each segment to the organ. We detail applications of the proposed method for 3D segmentation of human kidney and liver in CT scan volumes. For evaluation purposes, the public database of MICCAI 2007 grand challenge workshop has been used. Implementation results show an average Dice similarity measure of 90% for segmentation of the kidney which shows better results than the 88.6% presented by other kidney segmentation methods. For the liver, the proposed algorithm achieves an average volume overlap error of 8.7% and an average surface distance of 1.51 mm while the best reported average values for these measures are 6.65% and 1.03 mm by an automatic algorithm on the same dataset.
The indumentum of vegetative and reproductive parts of annual species of Silene (Caryophyllaceae) in Iran

Large and diverse genera, such as Silene need more reliable morphological traits for the credible identification and delimitation of the species. Despite the fact that the type of indumentum among the species of Silene had been addressed in most available revisions, monographs and floristic studies, the trichome-based features and their adaptational importance have not been investigated explicitly. In the present study, the trichomes of annual species of Silene in Iran are studied. Beside other floral traits and vegetative features, the presence, distribution and mixture of the glandular and eglandular trichomes on stems, leaves, inflorescence axes, pedicels, anthophores, inner and outer surfaces of calyces, petals and styles are proved to be of diagnostic importance in Silene. Indumentum of the inner calyx among the studied species is investigated here for the first time. An identification key is performed mainly based on indumentum features. In addition, a putative trichome-based defense strategy is proposed in the examined species.
The Effective Use of Diverse Rule Bases in Fuzzy Classification

This paper is concerned with the synthesis of diverse rule bases for fuzzy classification. An immune-inspired approach for combinatorial optimization, capable of controlling the size and diversity of the population along the search, is applied to generate multiple high-quality solutions. A preliminary comparison of the obtained rule bases indicates the existence of inconsistency, mainly characterized by the presence of rules with the same antecedent part and distinct consequent parts. Based on a winnertakes-all reasoning method, the effective portion of the input space allocated to each rule will depend on a competitive procedure. So rules with the same antecedent part in distinct rule bases may fire at distinct portions of the input space, and possibly with distinct consequent parts. This presumed disadvantage, when interpretability issues are concerned, can be assertively explored to produce an ensemble of fuzzy classifiers, with increment in performance precisely for the same reason. High-quality and diverse solutions are essentially the basic requisites for successful implementation of ensembles. A qualitative disadvantage may then become a quantitative advantage.
Monitoring the Bacterial and Fungal Biota of Eleven Tobacco Grades Stored at Three Different Locations

Abstract Tobacco as many other plants has its own microbiota. There are very few studies determining the evolution of this microbiota during tobacco storage, which may affect the quality of tobacco. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) were used to determine changes in the microbiota of tobacco during the aging of eleven different tobacco grades stored at three different locations for twelve months. The microbial fraction of these tobacco grades was extracted, and the bacterial 16S and the fungal 18S ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) sequences were PCR amplified before being segregated by DGGE. The bacterial complexity of the tobacco grades was represented by DGGE migrating banding profiles that varied between 20 and 30 bands. Some variations in the banding profiles were observed between the tobacco grades, but overall no substantial changes occurred in the bacterial population of the different grades during their storage at different locations. Most of the fungal DGGE profiles were identical and had only one dominating band related to the genus Aspergillus. Bacterial and fungal isolates were also derived from the microbial fractions of the tobacco, and part of their respective 16S and 18S rDNA sequences were determined. Bacterial isolates belonged to Bacillales and gamma Protobacteria. Fungal isolates belonged to the genus Aspergillus. Our results showed that the bacterial and fungal biota of tobacco are relatively stable throughout 12 months storage time.
Rationality and Emotions in Ultimatum Bargaining

The Ultimatum Bargaining paradigm is often thought of as a demonstration of extreme disagreement between experimental evidence and 'game theorectical predictions' and the basic assumption of rationality from which they are derived. Using the data of four experiments on Ultimatum Bargaining which I am involved in, I argue that, quite differently from this general impression, rationality in the sense of self-interested motives, is very much present in the observed behavior of both proposers and responders in the Ultimatum Bargaining game. Part of the argument calls for a broader interpretation of the notion of rationality than just immediate money maximization and the backward induction argument.
Beauty, Polygyny, and Fertility: Theory and Evidence

We propose a simple model of a mating economy in both monogamous and polygynous cultures, and derive implications for how polygyny affects individual and aggregate fertility. We find that an attractive woman is more likely to find a high-status husband. However, when polygyny is allowed, high-status husbands naturally attract other women; this implies that female beauty increases the likelihood of entering into a polygynous relationship. A woman in a polygynous relationship produces fewer children than a woman in a monogamous relationship as long as the preference for reproduction relative to consumption is not too strong. However, the societal practice of polygyny increases aggregate fertility through two distinct channels: (1) by increasing the number of marriages; (2) by triggering fertility contagion: a woman, whether involved in a monogamous or polygynous relationship, produces more children as polygyny becomes more prevalent in her neighborhood. We empirically validate each of the model's key predictions
Probing gravitational dark matter

So far all evidences of dark matter (DM) come from astrophysical and cosmological observations, due to the gravitational interactions of DM. It is possible that the true DM particle in the universe joins gravitational interactions only, but nothing else. Such a Gravitational DM (GDM) may act as a weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP), which is conceptually simple and attractive. In this work, we explore this direction by constructing the simplest scalar GDM particle χs. It is a ℤ2 odd singlet under the standard model (SM) gauge group, and naturally joins the unique dimension-4 interaction with Ricci curvature, ξsχs2ℛ, where ξs is the dimensionless nonminimal coupling. We demonstrate that this gravitational interaction ξsχs2ℛ, together with Higgs-curvature nonminimal coupling term ξhH†Hℛ, induces effective couplings between χs2 and SM fields, and can account for the observed DM thermal relic abundance. We analyze the annihilation cross sections of GDM particles and derive the viable parameter space for realizing the DM thermal relic density. We further study the direct/indirect detections and the collider signatures of such a scalar GDM. These turn out to be highly predictive and testable.