Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Morphological, chemical, and humus characteristics of volcanic ash soils in Changbaishan and Wudalianchi, northeast China

Abstract Morphological, chemical, and humus properties of 9 pedons developed on volcanic ash under cool temperature conditions in Changbaishan and Wudalianchi, Northeast China were investigated. These pedons were characterized by soil horizon sequences A/Bw/C or A/C and by bright colors in the A horizons reflecting both the properties of the parent materials and a younger stage of soil development. The A horizons, especially in the Wudalianchi pedons, contained large amounts of exchangeable Ca, Mg, and K and considerable amounts of clay fraction, suggesting the inluence of deposition of nonvolcanic eolian dust derived from arid and semiarid regions in China on their surface horizon. Humic substances purified from the A or O/A horizons were characterized by the presence of Rp or B type humic acids, indicating a weak development of humification. The significant correlations between the total carbon content and the amount of pyrophosphate-extractable Al + 1/2 Fe indicated the contribution of active Al or Fe .
Design of the Solution‐Processed Intermediate Layer by Engineering for Inverted Organic Multi junction Solar Cells

With the advent of the new energy crisis, many research groups have set their sights on targeting clean and renewable energy sources. In the last decade, organic photovoltaics (OPVs) has been one of the most attractive research ﬁ elds due to its advan-tages; it is a green technology that is highly sustainable, easily up-scaled, and of low cost.
Nanodiamond–TiO2 composites for photocatalytic degradation of microcystin-LA in aqueous solutions under simulated solar light

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been under intensive investigation for photocatalytic degradation of cyanobacterial toxins. In order to develop more efficient photocatalysts, TiO2 and oxidized nanodiamonds (NDox) were combined as a composite catalyst (NDox–TiO2), which was tested in the photocatalytic oxidation of microcystin-LA (MC-LA), a cyanotoxin frequently found in freshwater. NDox–TiO2 and neat TiO2 photocatalysts were prepared by a liquid phase deposition method. A wide variety of analytical techniques, including physical adsorption of nitrogen, X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis and IR diffuse reflectance spectroscopies (DRUV-Vis and DRIFT), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), were used to characterize the materials. The performance of the photocatalysts was studied under both simulated solar and visible light. The kinetic results show remarkable efficiency for the NDox–TiO2 composite under simulated solar light irradiation with a synergistic factor of more than 15 relative to neat TiO2, while negligible photocatalytic activity was observed for the degradation of MC-LA when NDox–TiO2 was used under visible light illumination due to the wide band gap of the composite material. The photocatalytic efficiency of NDox–TiO2 was ascribed to the good dispersion of both phases in the composite material, facilitating the possible electronic interaction at the heterojunction interface between NDox and TiO2.
Investigation of the stability of the hexagonal–cubic born nitride prism interface

The stability of the hexagonal–cubic boron nitride prism plane interface has been investigated using a density-functional based tight-binding approach. The results for the interface energy and structure support recent experimental findings that hexagonal layered BN may play an important role in the homoepitaxial nucleation of cubic BN films.
Leadership and Corruption

The world of leadership is very complicated and of enormous dimensions. Its studies contain various definitions, theories, schools of thoughts, models and different forms and styles. Furthermore, each situation requires a different type of leadership, although some styles are preferred over others by leaders and followers alike; It is hard to say which style works best. The science of leadership has to be well studied and understood in order to fight corruption. Corruption like leadership is a science by itself, it consists of different types and forms. According to studies, it is more prevalent in developing countries and some forms of corruption are already embedded to specific cultures. Corruption has left scholars wondering what causes this epidemic situation that seems to be present in every industry and country across history. There are many solutions to end corruption, however, as we intend to prove without ethics all of these solutions are worthless. Ethical Leadership and values are new concepts that scholars are still investigating. However, it is argued that it can reduce corruption immensely if implemented right. Certain guidelines have to be followed and other means of financial support have to be provided in order to make a significant and meaningful change. To end the interesting subject, practical research is conducted as followers and leaders provide their opinions on the subject of leadership, corruption, ethical leadership and ethics. The practical part consists of a survey answered by 100 participants and 5 interviews conducted with successful leaders. After extensive research, the main question is “Can the world of leadership and ethics help in the fight against corruption? ”
Creativity as Potentially Valuable Improbable Constructions

We argue that creative ideas are potentially valuable improbable constructions. We arrive at this formulation of creativity after considering several problems that arise for the theories that suggest that creativity is novelty, originality, or usefulness. Our theory avoids these problems. But since we also derive our theory of creativity from the scientific commitments of a more general theory of cognitive development, a theory called rational constructivism, our theory is unique insofar as it explains creativity in both adults and children through reference to a set of computational mechanisms that have been posited on the basis of independently plausible experimental research.
Smart Staircase Lighting

— The Smart Staircase system is a lighting control system where the lights are automated according to presence of people using the staircase. It has been further extended with a user interface on mobile devices. This user interface, in the form of an Android Application will remotely monitor the status of the lights and also be able to modify the color and intensity of lights being used on the staircase. With this project, we will successfully create a system where lighting control will be purely based on human presence and hence eliminating the need for manual switching. In order to implement this technology, we first need to survey the various methods available for sensing data and controlling the lighting based on occupancy of the area. Furthermore, the various methods and their implementation has been discussed.
Sick of my parents?

I study the consequences for labor market outcomes and sick leave of having an elderly parent in need of care. Using Swedish register data I compare the labor market outcome trajectories of adult children before and after their parent suffers a health shock. I find that employment and income of adult children are slightly reduced in the years leading up to the demise of their parent, but that the size of the impact is largest in the year, and the year after, parental demise. I also find that daughter’s sick leave absence increases in the year that the parent dies. No effects on labor market outcomes are found from having a parent suffering stroke. Furthermore, I find no clear gender differences between sons and daughters in the impact of having a parent with increased care demand. Taken together, the results suggest that the opportunity costs of parental care need in the form of adverse labor market impacts are small.
5 . 1 A latent variable motivation : the I-probit model

Consider polytomous response variables y = {y1, . , yn}, where each yi takes on exactly one of the values from the set of m possible choices {1, . ,m}. Modelling categorical response variables is of profound interest in statistics, econometrics and machine learning, with applications aplenty. In the social sciences, categorical variables often arise from survey responses, and one may be interested in studying correlations between explanatory variables and the categorical response of interest. Economists are frequently interested in discrete choice models to explain and predict choices between several alternatives, such as consumers’ choices of goods or modes of transport. In this age of big data, machine learning algorithms are used for classification of observations based on what is usually a large set of variables or features.
CSR PERSPECTIVE ON COMPANY PERFORMANCE: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN BANGLADESHI MOBILE SECTOR

Globally, it has been accepted by the corporate sectors that a company’s responsibilities cannot be confined to its share holders and stakeholders only. It has duties to discharge for the people living around and also environment. Gradually the activities to be covered under Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) have become more comprehensive. In Bangladesh CSR activities to be performed by the corporate sector have been included in the Bangladeshi Companies Act 2013.However, how telecommunication firms in Bangladesh perceive and practice CSR and the link with competitive advantage is rarely investigated. The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of CSR and firm’s operational performance in terms of social and economic perspective towards Bangladeshi mobile service provider companies. Based on the survey interview from 250 mobile customers and 20 company executives, company data and company executive the result shows that four dimension of CSR of the mobile companies consist of economic responsibility, legal, ethical and philanthropic responsibilities. Structured questionnaire was employed to collect relevant primary data and analysis was carried out through pie chart and bar diagram using excel. The results indicate the relevance and the implication of CSR initiatives on telecom firm’s performance in Bangladesh in terms of cost reduction, improved quality and overall performance.
Incidence and Prevalence of Candidiasis in Diabetic Foot Ulcer Patients

The aim of our present study was to estimate the prevalence of Candida infection in foot ulcer patients and spectrum of Candida species and their drug resistant pattern. A total of 100 Swabs was taken from diabetic foot ulcer patients from January 2016 to June 2016. Samples were cultured on SDA agar medium. Candida spp. were differentiated by culture on Hi CHROM agar, Sugar assimilation test, fermentation test and antifungal sensitivity test. Out of 100 samples obtained from diabetic patients with a foot ulcer, 32 (32%) were positive for Candida sp by culture. It was more signi icant in males 22 (68.75%) than females 10 (31.25%) Candida albicans was found to be the predominant isolate followed by C.tropicalis. Resistance to luconazole was observed 17 (17%) in our study. C.albicanswas more resistant to azoles than non albicans. Our results will help physicians to treat fungal infections of diabetic foot ulcers, aswell as their drug resistant pattern. Fluconazole resistance is a public health concern and the rational use of this drug is important in community.
Direct Current Resistivity Inversion using Various Objective Functions

In geophysical applications direct current (DC) resistivity surveys are collected by injecting current and recording voltage potentials over a field site of interest. These data sets can provide valuable non-invasive images of the sub-surface. To create these images, a minimization problem between model-generated data and observed data is solved. Data is generated through forward modelling and then compared to the observed data in an inversion process. In this paper, both the forward modelling and inversion of the DC resistivity problem are implemented and investigated. A two part objective function, containing data-misfit and model regularization terms, is used in the minimization. The effect of the objective function is investigated through the use of three different functions: (1) the l-norm; (2) the l-norm; and (3) the Student’s t-distribution. Synthetic data is produced from a simple conductivity model and various types of random noise are added to the data. Inversions of this synthetic data are presented and indicate that the objective function chosen has a significant effect on the inversion result. Results suggest that the l-norm and the Student’s t-distribution are more robust in the face different levels of Gaussian noise, which are considered outliers by the lnorm. It is concluded that consideration should be given to the choice of objective function and that this choice should be guided by a priori information about the data noise.
Pesticide Influence on the Desmid Flora of a Reservoir in an Agricultural Region at Campo Verde, Mato Grosso, Brazil

The objective of the research was to investigate the influence of pesticides on the desmid flora. Five series of samples were taken between July 5, 2005, and April 6, 2006, for analysis of pesticide content and algal community structure in the Sao Lourenco River springs on the Pirassununga Ranch, Campo Verde, Mato Grosso. The greatest amounts of pesticides were detected in July, when the abundance of algae was also greatest. Positive correlations were determined between the concentrations of endosulfan (r = 0.94; p = 0.051), cyhalothrin (r = 0.96; p = 0.037) and endrin (r = 0.96; p = 0.037) and the biomass of desmids. Insecticides, such as endosulfan, inhibit the activity of ATPase, contributing considerably to the mortality of the biota, since ATP is of fundamental importance in the energy metabolism of all organisms. This suggests that the pesticides promote algal growth both by removing the small herbivores that feed on the algae and increasing the release of inorganic nutrients from decomposing animals in the water. Algae were least abundance in January, possibly due to the presence of the herbicide atrazine (r = -0.63; p > 0.05).
Sequence to Sequence Modelle zur hochaufgelösten Prädiktion von Stromverbrauch

Modelling power consumption for jobs on a machine tool is commonly performed by measuring the real power consumption of comparable jobs and machines. The so gathered data is then processed to represent the time-averaged sums of power consumptions of previous jobs. These values of power consumption are then used for upcoming comparable jobs. This approach allows for no high-resolution prediction of power consumption and further presumes static processing times of jobs. Here we propose a new approach to model power consumption that incorporates a Sequenceto-Sequence model, which generates time series according to dynamic data, that describes a numerical control code and environment settings such as state of tools, etc.
Magnetic properties of layered superconductors with weak interaction between the layers

The magnetic properties of layered superconductors with Josephson inteJ;"action between the layers is considered. Differential-difference equations for the Ginzburg-Landau parameter in a magnetic field are obtained near the critical temperature. The vortex state in fields parallel to the layers is investigated on basis of the equations. The superconducting state is not destroyed in the center of the vortex filament at temperatures not too close to T c, but at the filament periphery the conditions are very similar to those in a vortex filament of ordinary strongly-anisotropic type-II superconductors. Hc1 (II) is calculated and the structure of the vortex scale is considered. It is shown that at temperatures not too close to Tc the magnitude of Hc2 is determined by the paramagnetic effect and orbital motion of electrons within the layers in a field HI' Thus in pure layered superconductors in parallel fields and at low temperatures an inhomogeneous state should exist and the field of transition to this state from the normal state at zero temperature equals v'2Hp(O)'
Nameability predicts subjective and objective measures of visual similarity

Do people perceive shapes to be similar based purely on their physical features? Or is visual similarity influenced by topdown knowledge? In the present studies, we demonstrate that top-down information – in the form of verbal labels that people associate with visual stimuli – predicts visual similarity as measured using subjective (Experiment 1) and objective (Experiment 2) tasks. In Experiment 1, shapes that were previously calibrated to be (putatively) perceptually equidistant were more likely to be grouped together if they shared a name. In Experiment 2, more nameable shapes were easier for participants to discriminate from other images, again controlling for their perceptual distance. We discuss what these results mean for constructing visual stimuli spaces that are perceptually uniform and discuss theoretical implications of the fact that perceptual similarity is sensitive to top-down information such as the ease with which an object can be named.
A Rare Case of Aggressive Duodenal Adenocarcinoma-Role of Primary Care Physicians

The present case study is about a rare and aggressive duodenal adenocarcinoma in 44 year old young man in Qatar. Because of its rarity, the previous studies have traditionally combined Duodenal Adenocarcinoma (DA) with either periampullary cancers or other Small Bowel Adenocarcinomas (SBA).
Our response to referee comment in the interactive discussion

While our understanding of pH dynamics has strongly progressed for open ocean regions, for marginal seas such as the East China Sea (ECS) shelf progress has been constrained by limited observations and complex interactions between biological, physical, and chemical processes. Seawater pH is a very valuable oceanographic variable but not always measured using high quality instrumentation and according to standard practices. In order to predict water column total scale pH (pHT) 10 and enhance our understanding of the seasonal variability of pHT on the ECS shelf, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed using 11 cruise datasets from 2013 to 2017 with coincident observations of pHT, temperature (T), salinity (S), dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate (N), phosphate (P) and silicate (Si) together with sampling position and time. The reliability of the ANN model was evaluated using independent observations from 3 cruises in 2018, and showed a root mean square error accuracy of 0.04. A weight analysis of the ANN model variables suggested that DO, S, T were the most important predictor 15 variables. The ANN model responded to T, DO, and Si in a positive way, S and P in a negative way, and the variable with the greatest sensitivity was DO, followed by S and T. Monthly water column pHT for the period 2000-2016 was retrieved using T, S, DO, N, P, and Si from the Changjiang Biology Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM). The agreement is good here in winter, the reduced performance in summer can be attributed in large part a reduced performance of the Changjiang Biology FVCOM in simulating summertime input variables. 20
Inorganic–organic hybrid salts of diaminobenzenes and related cations

We describe ten new inorganic–organic hybrid ionic crystal structures containing isomers of diaminobenzene dication as well as related moieties such as N,N-substituted ions, benzotriazol or diamino pyridinium cations. Each of the structures contains complex inorganic metal-halide anions. We also used structural data retrieved from the CSD for 32 salts containing metal halide complexes. In order to compare the arrangements of moieties we proposed criteria defining the final architecture of such systems. Twenty-eight structures—including seven with anions polymerized in sheets—can be treated as of 2-D type and eleven—including two with anions polymerized in rods—as of 1-D type, while the remaining three as having 0-D final crystal architecture. We have defined several structural parameters describing 2-D and/or 1-D densities of packing of ions (ρ2-D and ρ1-D, respectively), properties and orientation of cations in the crystal lattice, namely the inter-stack/row distance (s), distance between the mean planes passing through complex anions (d), angle defining the tilt between the N–N axis of the cation with respect to the layers passing through complex anions (τ), and angle describing the relative, average distortion of the N–N axis of the cations in one stack (φ). We have found several significant relationships for them. Among others, it appears that ρ2-D correlates with ρ1-D, s and τ. We discuss details of these and others structural relationships.
Remediation of Arsenic-Contaminated Soils by Iron Amendments: A Review

Arsenic (As) in soil is a serious environmental issue, and although As occurs naturally in soil, anthropogenic activities have greatly increased As soil contamination. Several technologies can be used to reduce arsenic contamination in soils, among them in situ chemical immobilization by application of inorganic amendments, which are incorporated and mixed with the contaminated soil. The binding of As to the additive reduces its mobility and bioavailability in the soil, with the long-term stability of the new compounds formed being an important issue. The objective of this study was to review the literature concerning remediation of As-contaminated soils with different iron sources and to evaluate their effectiveness.
An Efficient Algorithm for Face Recognition using Modular PCA

: Principal Component Analysis is one of the most successful techniques that have been used in image recognition. The purpose of PCA is to reduce the large dimensionality of the data space to the smaller dimensionality of the feature space. The proposed paper presents a face recognition algorithm based on modular PCA. It provides improved recognition rate for face images with large variations. The variations may be with respect to the lighting, direction and facial expression. In the Modular PCA approach original face images are divided into sub images and then the PCA approach is applied to each of these sub images
Method for the computer-aided design and simulation of hydrogel-based microfluidic chips

Microfluidic chips facilitate the manipulation of nanoliter fluid volumes in order to perform chemical analysis or synthesis and biological cell manipulation. On-chip valves are employed when complex flow control schemes are desired. Stimuli-sensitive hydrogels can be used to create transistor-like microfluidic valves whose opening or closing behavior is determined by the content of chemicals in the liquid. Here, we present a design and simulation method that simplifies the development of hydrogel-based micro-fluidic chips by reducing the amount of experiments that need to be performed in the lab. Cadence Virtuoso, a tool commonly used for electronic circuit design, is employed as a framework for the implementation of the method. Like in electronics, the microfluidic circuit consists of basic components (channels, valves, pumps) that can be placed and connected with each other in the schematic de-sign interface. The physical-mathematical behavior of these components is implemented in VerilogAMS, a hardware description language. The method was successfully employed in the top-down design of a chemofluidic oscillator. In addition, parts of the design process of the photomasks for chip fabrication were automated by the use of parameterized cells and the SKILL programming language. This article is a summary of the work presented in [1].