Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A Bipolar Pad in a 10-kHz 300-W Distributed IPT System for AGV Applications

This paper presents the magnetic analysis of a recently proposed multiple coil pad design, called the bipolar pad (BPP), in a distributed inductive power transfer (IPT) system for automatic guided vehicle (AGV) applications. The paper briefly discusses the magnetic design optimization procedure and then optimizes another recently proposed secondary pad design (generally used in lumped IPT systems), called the double-D quadrature pad (DDQP), for distributed AGV applications and compares its performance with the BPP. A four conductor single phase track topology is used here as primary. Both the pads discussed in this paper have already been shown to perform well in lumped IPT systems and hence the work presented in this paper highlights and validates the possibility of using these pads in mixed distributed/lumped IPT systems. A 3-D finite element modeling tool is used to evaluate and compare all the models presented in this paper. To validate these results, a prototype system is built with a BPP secondary driving a load through a controller circuit. A modification in the traditional control topology is proposed and shown to improve the overall system efficiency; before finally highlighting some of the practical design issues needed to be considered when building such a system.
Contrasted Innate Responses to Two Viruses in Zebrafish: Insights into the Ancestral Repertoire of Vertebrate IFN-Stimulated Genes

Ease of imaging and abundance of genetic tools make the zebrafish an attractive model host to understand host–pathogen interactions. However, basic knowledge regarding the identity of genes involved in antiviral immune responses is still lagging in this species. We conducted a microarray analysis of the larval zebrafish response to two models of RNA virus infections with very different outcomes. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) induces a rapid and protective IFN response. Infection with infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus is lethal and is associated with a delayed and inefficient IFN response. A typical signature of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) was observed with both viruses, but was stronger for CHIKV. We further compared the zebrafish and human ISG repertoires and made a genomic and phylogenic characterization of the main gene families. We describe a core set of well-induced ISGs conserved across vertebrates, as well as multigenic families diversified independently in each taxon. The conservation of ISGs involved in antiviral signaling indicates conservation of the main feedback loops in these pathways. Whole-mount in situ hybridization of selected transcripts in infected larvae revealed a typical pattern of expression for ISGs in the liver, gut, and blood vessels with both viruses. We further show that some inflammatory genes were additionally induced through IFN-independent pathways by infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus and not by CHIKV. This study provides a useful reference set for the analysis of host–virus interactions in zebrafish and highlights the differences between protective and nonprotective antiviral innate responses.
Trastuzumab plus adjuvant chemotherapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer: planned joint analysis of overall survival from NSABP B-31 and NCCTG N9831.

PURPOSE Positive interim analysis findings from four large adjuvant trials evaluating trastuzumab in patients with early-stage human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) -positive breast cancer were first reported in 2005. One of these reports, the joint analysis of North Central Cancer Treatment Group NCCTG N9831 (Combination Chemotherapy With or Without Trastuzumab in Treating Women With HER2-Overexpressing Breast Cancer) and the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project NSABP B-31 (Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide Plus Paclitaxel With or Without Trastuzumab in Treating Women With Node-Positive Breast Cancer That Overexpresses HER2), was updated in 2011. We now report the planned definitive overall survival (OS) results from this joint analysis along with updates on the disease-free survival (DFS) end point. METHODS In all, 4,046 patients with HER2-positive operable breast cancer were enrolled to receive doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel with or without trastuzumab in both trials. The required number of events for the definitive statistical analysis for OS (710 events) was reached in September 2012. Updated analyses of overall DFS and related subgroups were also performed. RESULTS Median time on study was 8.4 years. Adding trastuzumab to chemotherapy led to a 37% relative improvement in OS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.63; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.73; P < .001) and an increase in 10-year OS rate from 75.2% to 84%. These results were accompanied by an improvement in DFS of 40% (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.68; P < .001) and increase in 10-year DFS rate from 62.2% to 73.7%. All patient subgroups benefited from addition of this targeted anti-HER2 agent. CONCLUSION The addition of trastuzumab to paclitaxel after doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide in early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer results in a substantial and durable improvement in survival as a result of a sustained marked reduction in cancer recurrence.
Functional analysis of promoters in the nisin gene cluster of Lactococcus lactis

The promoters in the nisin gene cluster nisABTCIPRKFEG of Lactococcus lactis were characterized by primer extension and transcriptional fusions to the Escherichia coli promoterless beta-glucuronidase gene (gusA). Three promoters preceding the nisA, nisR, and nisF genes, which all give rise to gusA expression in the nisin-producing strain L. lactis NZ9700, were identified. The transcriptional autoregulation of nisA by signal transduction involving the sensor histidine kinase NisK and the response regulator NisR has been demonstrated previously (0. P. Kuipers, M. M. Beerthuyzen, P. G. G. A. de Ruyter, E. J. Luesink, and W. M. de Vos, J. Biol. Chem. 270: 27299-27304, 1995), and therefore the possible nisin-dependent expression of gusA under control of the nisR and nisF promoters was also investigated. The nisR promoter was shown to direct nisin-independent gusA expression in L. lactis MG 1363, which is a nisin-transposon- and plasmid-free strain. L. lactis NZ9800, which does not produce nisin because of a deletion in the nisA gene, containing the nisF-gusA fusion plasmid, gave rise to beta-glucuronidase production only after induction by nisin. A similar regulation was found in L. lactis NZ3900, which contains a single copy of the nisR and nisK genes but no other genes of the nisin gene cluster. In contrast, when the nisK gene was disrupted, no beta-glucuronidase activity directed by the nisF promoter could be detected even after induction with nisin. These results show that, like the nisA promoter, the nisF promoter is nisin inducible. The nisF and nisA promoter sequences have significant similarities and contain a conserved region that could be important for transcriptional control.
Modeling dynamic price dispersion of hotel rooms in a spatially agglomerated tourism city for weekend and midweek stays

In spite of the abundant evidence suggesting the existence of spatial agglomeration in the hotel industry and the potential for spatial econometric methods to contribute to the understanding on the effect of spatial competition on room pricing, limited research has been conducted in this regard. To contribute to this area of research, this study applied spatial models to examine online pricing data of hotels in Hong Kong to determine the effect of spatial agglomeration on dynamic or intertemporal price dispersion. The findings revealed that the magnitude of dynamic price dispersion is not only influenced by demand but also the pricing of neighboring hotels and hotel-specific attributes, such as number of rooms, star rating, chain affiliation, and scale. A major implication of this finding is that real-time tracking and analysis of neighboring hotels’ prices could be an effective strategy to stay competitive in a spatially agglomerated environment.
Projections of the globus pallidus and adjacent structures: An autoradiographic study in the monkey

Because the globus pallidus gives rise to the principal efferent system of the corpus striatum and is traversed by several fibers systems, attempts were made to study the projections of its cells by autoradiographic technics. Tritiated amino acids (L‐leucine, L‐proline and L‐lysine) were injected into: (1) the medial pallidal segment (MPS), (2) the MPS and the substantia innominata (SI), (3) portions of the MPS and the lateral pallidal segment (LPS) and (4) parts of the putamen.
Hyperspectral Image Superresolution by Transfer Learning

Hyperspectral image superresolution is a highly attractive topic in computer vision and has attracted many researchers’ attention. However, nearly all the existing methods assume that multiple observations of the same scene are required with the observed low-resolution hyperspectral image. This limits the application of superresolution. In this paper, we propose a new framework to enhance the resolution of hyperspectral images by exploiting the knowledge from natural images: The relationship between low/high-resolution images is the same as that between low/high-resolution hyperspectral images. In the proposed framework, the mapping between low- and high-resolution images can be learned by deep convolutional neural network and be transferred to hyperspectral image by borrowing the idea of transfer learning. In addition, to study the spectral characteristic between low- and high-resolution hyperspectral image, collaborative nonnegative matrix factorization (CNMF) is proposed to enforce collaborations between the low- and high-resolution hyperspectral images, which encourages the estimated solution to extract the same endmembers with low-resolution hyperspectral image. The experimental results on ground based and remote sensing data suggest that the proposed method achieves comparable performance without requiring any auxiliary images of the same scene.
Muscle Blood Flow in Diabetes Mellitus: Evidence of Abnormality After Exercise

Objective To determine whether muscle blood flow before and after exercise is abnormal in patients with diabetes mellitus. Research Design and Methods Muscle blood flow (MBF) was measured with the 133Xe clearance technique in 15 nondiabetic subjects, 10 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), and 11 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) at rest and after exercise. None of the patients had neuropathy. Results The median resting MBF was similar in all three groups. The median postexercise MBF was significantly greater in nondiabetic subjects (40.1 ml· min−1·100 g−1 of tissue) than in patients with IDDM (25.7 ml· min−1·100 g−1 of tissue; P <0.01) or NIDDM (14 ml· min−1·100 g−1 of tissue; P <0.01). The difference between IDDM and NIDDM was not significant. Conclusions Diabetic patients have abnormalities of MBF in response to exercise. This abnormality occurs in the absence of clinical diabetic neuropathy.
Optimization of three-dimensional TROSY-type HCCH NMR correlation of aromatic (1)H-(13)C groups in proteins.

Improved methods for three-dimensional TROSY-Type HCCH correlation involving protons of negligible CSA are presented. The TROSY approach differs from the conventional approach of heteronuclear decoupling in evolution and detection periods by not mixing fast and slowly relaxing coherences and usually suppressing the former. Pervushin et al. (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 120, 6394-6400 (1998)) have proposed a 3D TROSY-type HCCH experiment where the TROSY approach is applied only in one of the (13)C dimensions. A new pulse sequence applying the TROSY approach in both indirect dimensions is advantageous when the TROSY effect of the carbons is large or when a relatively high resolution is required. For lower resolutions or moderate TROSY effects we show that it is possible to combine the best of both worlds, namely to suppress heteronuclear couplings without mixing fast and slowly relaxing coherences while at the same time superimpose the two components and thus have both contribute to the detected signal. That is possible using the novel technique of Spin-State-Selective Time-Proportional Phase Incrementation (S(3) TPPI). The new 3D S(3) TPPI TROSY HCCH method is demonstrated on a (13)C,(15)N-labeled protein sample, RAP 18-112 (N-terminal domain of alpha(2)-macroglobulin receptor associated protein), at 750 MHz and average sensitivity enhancements of 10% are obtained for the cross peaks in comparison to methods based on conventional decoupling on one of the carbons or on TROSY on both carbons.
A Direct Interaction between G-Protein βγ Subunits and the Raf-1 Protein Kinase (*)

Raf-1 is a serine/threonine protein kinase positioned downstream of Ras in the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. Using a yeast two-hybrid strategy to identify other proteins that interact with and potentially regulate Raf-1, we isolated a clone encoding the carboxyl-terminal half of the Gβ2 subunit of heterotrimeric G-proteins. In vitro, purified Gβγ subunits specifically bound to a GST fusion protein encoding amino acids 1-330 of Raf-1 (Raf/330). Binding assays with truncation mutants of GST-Raf indicate that the region located between amino acids 136 and 239 is a primary determinant for interaction with Gβγ. In competition experiments, the carboxyl terminus of β-adrenergic receptor kinase (βARK) blocked the binding of Gβγ to Raf/330; however, the Raf-1-binding proteins, Ras and 14-3-3, had no effect. Scatchard analysis of in vitro binding between Raf/330 and Gβγ revealed an affinity of interaction (Kd = 163 ± 36 nM), similar to that seen between Gβγ and βARK (Kd = 87 ± 24 nM). The formation of native heterotrimeric Gαβγ complexes, as measured by pertussis toxin ADP-ribosylation of Gα, could be disrupted by increasing amounts of Raf/330, with an EC50 of approximately 200 nM, in close agreement with the estimated binding affinity. In vivo complexes of Raf-1 and Gβγ were isolated from human embryonic kidney 293-T cells transfected with epitope-tagged Gβ2 The identification and characterization of this novel interaction raises several possibilities for signaling cross-talk between growth factor receptors and those receptors coupled to heterotrimeric G-proteins.
Financial analysis of East Coast fever control strategies on beef production under farm conditions

This study provides a financial analysis of an East Coast fever immunisation trial conducted on a farm in the Coast Province of Kenya. The objective of the trial was to assess the effects of immunisation by the infection and treatment method, under different acaricidal treatments, on the productivity of beef cattle. Eighty beef cattle were immunised and an equal number acted as controls. The immunised and unimmunised groups were divided into four subgroups of 20 animals. Two subgroups, one from the immunised and one from the unimmunised group, were sprayed with acaricide twice a week; a second pair of subgroups was sprayed once every three weeks; a third pair had prolonged release acaricide-impregnated ear-tags inserted into each ear; and a fourth pair had no tick control treatment. Financial analysis revealed that the immunised subgroups were more profitable, owing to lower mortality and higher weight gains than the unimmunised subgroups. Of the immunised subgroups, the best was that sprayed with acaricide twice a week; it yielded a marginal rate of return of 244 per cent and maximised financial benefits to the farmer in this trial. However, further trials under different production circumstances would be required before the method could be recommended for widespread adoption.
Arrest in the United States, 1990-2010

e FBI’s Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program collects counts of arrests (including citations and summonses) in several o ense and demographic categories from participating state and local law enforcement agencies. For many years, the FBI has published national estimates of arrests based on these data in its Crime in the United States series. In Crime in the United States, 2010, the FBI estimated that state and local law enforcement agencies made a total of 13,122,000 arrests in 2010, and provided national arrest estimates in 28 separate o ense categories.
Spontaneous mutation in Big Blue® mice from fetus to old age: Tissue‐specific time courses of mutation frequency but similar mutation types

Transgenic mouse mutation detection systems permit rapid determination of the frequency and type of mutations allowing direct examination of mutational markers for aging, neurodegeneration, and cancer. The Big Blue® transgenic mouse mutation detection system was used to determine the frequency and nature of spontaneous mutations versus age in multiple tissue types. Nuclear DNA was extracted from whole fetus at 13.5 days postcoitus (dpc) and from six tissues postbirth (cerebellum, forebrain, thymus, liver, adipose tissue, and male germline) of Big Blue transgenic mice at four ages: 10 days and at 3, 10, and 25 months postbirth. Forty million total plaque‐forming units (pfu) were screened. The time course of mutation frequency with age had a significantly different shape in different tissues (P < 10−6). By 13.5 dpc, the whole fetus mutation frequency had already started increasing from the theoretical zero at conception to a value that was about one‐half the mid‐adulthood (3–10 months) average. From 10 days to 3 months, mutation frequency increased significantly in liver (P = 0.007) and showed an increasing trend in cerebellum, forebrain, and thymus. From 3 to 10 months, there was no significant change in mutation frequency in any tissue examined. From 10 to 25 months, the mutation frequency increased significantly in liver (P < 10−6) and adipose tissue (P = 0.002), but not in the other tissues examined (cerebellum, forebrain, and male germline). It is of interest that the mutation frequency in the male germline is consistently the lowest, remaining essentially unchanged in old age. The spectrum of mutation types was unaltered with age, tissue type and gender, although, as previously reported, tandem GG→TT mutations are tissue specific and show significant increases with age and certain hotspots (Buettner VL et al. [1999]: Environ Mol Mutagen 33:320–324; Hill KA et al. [2003]: Mutat Res 534:173–186). The spectrum of mutation types was generally the same for all tissue types, despite the tissue‐specific increases in mutation frequency with age. These data provide a useful reference for future studies of endogenous and exogenous mutagenesis. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 43:110–120, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
c-Myc Suppresses p21WAF1/CIP1 Expression during Estrogen Signaling and Antiestrogen Resistance in Human Breast Cancer Cells*

Estrogen rapidly induces expression of the proto-oncogene c-myc. c-Myc is required for estrogen-stimulated proliferation of breast cancer cells, and deregulated c-Myc expression has been implicated in antiestrogen resistance. In this report, we investigate the mechanism(s) by which c-Myc mediates estrogen-stimulated proliferation and contributes to cell cycle progression in the presence of antiestrogen. The MCF-7 cell line is a model of estrogen-dependent, antiestrogen-sensitive human breast cancer. Using stable MCF-7 derivatives with inducible c-Myc expression, we demonstrated that in antiestrogen-treated cells, the elevated mRNA and protein levels of p21WAF1/CIP1, a cell cycle inhibitor, decreased upon either c-Myc induction or estrogen treatment. Expression of p21 blocked c-Myc-mediated cell cycle progression in the presence of antiestrogen, suggesting that the decrease in p21 is necessary for this process. Using RNA interference to suppress c-Myc expression, we further established that c-Myc is required for estrogen-mediated decreases in p21WAF1/CIP1. Finally, we observed that neither c-Myc nor p21WAF1/CIP1 is regulated by estrogen or antiestrogen in an antiestrogen-resistant MCF-7 derivative. The p21 levels in the antiestrogen-resistant cells increased when c-Myc expression was suppressed, suggesting that loss of p21 regulation was a consequence of constitutive c-Myc expression. Together, these studies implicate p21WAF1/CIP1 as an important target of c-Myc in breast cancer cells and provide a link between estrogen, c-Myc, and the cell cycle machinery. They further suggest that aberrant c-Myc expression, which is frequently observed in human breast cancers, can contribute to antiestrogen resistance by altering p21WAF1/CIP1 regulation.
Infections and serum IgG levels in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Abstract: To review our policy of prophylactic treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (i.v.IG) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), we analyzed the infection history, serum IgG levels (S‐IgG) and disease stage of 146 patients who were treated and followed at our institution in 1980–1989. S‐IgG was available for 98 patients: 55% were hypogammaglobulinemic and 56% had had at least one severe infection. There were significant associations between S‐IgG and the occurrence of infections (p<0.01) and disease stage (p < 0.02). There was also a significant association between disease stage and occurrence of infections (p< 0.001). Severe infections tended to accumulate in patients with subnormal S‐IgG and advanced disease stage. Totally, 292 infections were recorded, and the incidence of moderate to severe infections was 0.47 per patient year. Infection mortality was high: 42 patients died of a severe infection (46% of all causes of death). Patients with a low S‐IgG and advanced disease stage are the most susceptible to death from infection and would be most likely to benefit most from i.v. IG prophylaxis; however, the cost of this therapy is so high that strict individual consideration still remains crucial for treatment decisions.
Design of symmetric planar fishnet metamaterials for optical wavelength range

In this work we analyze fishnet-type optical metamaterials with full electromagnetic symmetry, fabricated in an ultrathin, freestanding film (self-supported nanomembrane). We utilized the finite element method to simulate the response of various laminar fishnet geometries, including metal-dielectric-metal and dielectric-metal-dielectric-metal-dielectric multilayers. We varied metal and dielectric thickness, nanoaperture radius, metal and dielectric materials. We considered the tunability of the spectral characteristics of the fishnet by bringing a dielectric analyte in contact with its exposed surfaces. Such tunability is of importance for all-optical sensors of chemical or biological analytes, but also for the performance of general fishnet nanoaperture arrays in real operating conditions, where the introduction of the ambient gases and fluids will modify their plasmonic properties.