Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Ultrathin SiO2 on Si. I. Quantifying and removing carbonaceous contamination

An analysis is made of the amount of carbonaceous contamination remaining on silicon wafers with a thin oxide overlayer. Wafers are either left “as-received” or deliberately contaminated with a thumbprint and then subjected to one of 42 different cleaning procedures with the remaining carbon level monitored by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The XPS measurement of the carbon level in terms of a thickness in nm, using the traditional equation, depends sensitively on the assumed form of the carbon; the thickness for an average polymerlike contamination being computed as 1.67 times the thickness for a glassy carbon layer for a given spectrum. However, if the measurement is defined in terms of carbon atoms/m2, this sensitivity is removed. Alternatively, if absolute measurements are used, the sensitivity in terms of the thickness in nm is also reduced and the data are consistent with the results for the average polymer. Of the cleaning methods, ultraviolet radiation with ozone is best but this affects .
The Effects of Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation on Craving and Self-Control in Substance Dependent Individuals

Author Address 1. PhD Student, Department of Health Psychology, Khorramshahr Persian Gulf International Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramshahr, Iran; 2. Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran; 3. Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran. *Corresponding author’s email: ehtesham@iauahvaz.ac. ir
From Layered Basic Zinc Acetate Nanobelts to Hierarchical Zinc Oxide Nanostructures and Porous Zinc Oxide Nanobelts

Novel hierarchical ZnO nanostructures, porous ZnO nanobelts, and nanoparticle chains are prepared from a precursor of synthetic bilayered basic zinc acetate (BLBZA) nanobelts. BLBZA nanobelts are obtained by a simple synthetic route under mild conditions. X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and thermal analysis are used to characterize the BLBZA nanobelts and ZnO nanostructures. The obtained BLBZA precursor consists of a lamellar structure with two interlayer distances of 1.33 and 2.03 nm, exhibits a beltlike morphology, and has widths of 200 to 600 nm, thicknesses of 10 to 50 nm, and lengths of up to 50 μm. Refluxing an aqueous dispersion of BLBZA nanobelts at 120 °C for 12 h leads to the formation of well‐defined hierarchical ZnO nanostructures. The time‐dependent shape‐evolution process suggests that spindlelike ZnO particles form first, and then the ringlike nanosheets grow heterogeneously on the backbone of these spindles. In addition, calcination in air can remove ligand molecules and intercalated water molecules from BLBZA nanobelts, resulting in the formation of porous ZnO nanobelts and nanoparticle chains. The BLBZA nanobelts serve as templates during the transformation to form ZnO beltlike nanoparticle chains without morphological deformation. Photoluminescence results show that both the as‐synthesized hierarchical ZnO nanostructures and porous ZnO nanobelts show a narrow and sharp UV emission at 390 nm and a broad blue–green emission at above 466 nm when excited by UV light.
Quantifying transmissibility of COVID-19 and impact of intervention within long-term health care facilities

Estimates of the basic reproduction number (R0) for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are particularly variable in the context of transmission within locations such as long-term health care (LTHC) facilities. We sought to characterise the heterogeneity of R0 across known outbreaks within these facilities. We used a unique comprehensive dataset of all outbreaks that have occurred within LTHC facilities in British Columbia, Canada. We estimated R0 with a Bayesian hierarchical dynamic model of susceptible, exposed, infected, and recovered individuals, that incorporates heterogeneity of R0 between facilities. We further compared these estimates to those obtained with standard methods that utilize the exponential growth rate and maximum likelihood. The total size of an outbreak varied dramatically, with a range of attack rates of 2%-86%. The Bayesian analysis provides more constrained overall estimates of R0 = 2.83 (90% CrI [credible interval] 0.25-7.19) than standard methods, with a range within facilities of 0.66-10.06. We further estimated that intervention led to 67% (56%-73%) of all cases being averted within the LTHC facilities. Understanding the risks and impact of intervention are essential in planning during the ongoing global pandemic, particularly in high-risk environments such as LTHC facilities.
Development of chitosan-based granular adsorbents for enhanced and selective adsorption performance in heavy metal removal

Novel chitosan-based granular adsorbents were developed for enhanced and selective separation of heavy metal ions. The research included the synthesis of chitosan hydrogel beads, the cross-linking of the hydrogel beads with ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE) in a conventional and a novel amine-shielded method, the functionalization of the chitosan beads through surface grafting of polyacrylamide via a surfaceinitiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method, and the examination of the adsorption performance of the various types of chitosan beads in the removal of heavy metal ions. It was found that chitosan beads were effective in heavy metal adsorption, the conventional cross-linking method improved the acidic stability of the beads but reduced their adsorption capacity, the novel amine-shielded cross-linking method retained the good adsorption capacity while it improved the acidic stability of the beads, and the grafting of polyacrylamide on chitosan beads not only enhanced the adsorption capacity but also provided the beads with excellent selectivity for mercury over lead ions. XPS analyses indicated that the adsorption of metal ions on chitosan beads was mainly attributed to the amine groups of chitosan, the novel amineshielded cross-linking method preserved most of the amine groups from being consumed by the crosslinking process and hence improved the adsorption capacity of the cross-linked chitosan beads, and the many amide groups from the polyacrylamide grafted on the chitosan beads increased the adsorption capacity and also made possible selective adsorption of mercury ions because the amide groups can form covalent bonds with mercury ions.
A Converging Benders’ Decomposition Algorithm for Two-Stage Mixed-Integer Recourse Models

Novel Optimality Cuts for Two-Stage Stochastic Mixed-Integer Programs The applicability and use of two-stage stochastic mixed-integer programs is well-established, thus calling for efficient decomposition algorithms to solve them. Such algorithms typically rely on optimality cuts to approximate the expected second stage cost function from below. In “A Converging Benders’ Decomposition Algorithm for Mixed-Integer Recourse Models,” van der Laan and Romeijnders derive a new family of optimality cuts that is sufficiently rich to identify the optimal solution of two-stage stochastic mixed-integer programs in general. That is, general mixed-integer decision variables are allowed in both stages, and all data elements are allowed to be random. Moreover, these new optimality cuts require computations that decompose by scenario, and thus, they can be computed efficiently. Van der Laan and Romeijnders demonstrate the potential of their approach on a range of problem instances, including the DCAP instances from SIPLIB.
When ‘negativity’ becomes obstructive: a novel exploration of the two-factor model of the Self-Compassion Scale and a comparison of self-compassion and self-criticism interventions

background Self-compassion is a tendency to respond to personal feelings of distress in a kind and understanding way, and to become aware that facing difficulties and adversity is part of a common human experience that is shared by all humans. The Self Compassion Scale (SCS) includes negative items measuring self-judgement, isolation and over-identification, which are at the opposite end of the spectrum to self-kindness, common humanity and mindfulness. Some researchers have argued that the link between self-compassion and psychopathology is inflated by the inclusion of these negative items. Moving away from factorial structures and advanced statistics used in recent research, we present a different way of exploring the conceptualisation of self-compassion theory and the way it is measured.
Analysis of Bank Rating with RGEC Method

Health of a bank has a great influence on the economy of a country, because if a bank into a group that is not healthy then the economy in a country will be disturbed, especially in the financial system. Therefore, banks are required to maintain and improve the level of health. This study aims to determine: Bank Health Level in terms of Risk Profile, Bank Health Level in terms of Good Corporate Governance, Bank Health Level in terms of Earnings, Bank Health Level from the side of Capital at PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk period 2013 2017. Data collection method in this research is using documentary method. Data analysis method used in this research is quantitative analysis method that is by analyzing the numbers in financial statements then adjusted to the ratios and non-ratio as follows: (1) Risk Profile using financial ratio of NPL and LDR, (2) GCG based on self-assessment result of PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero), (3) Earning using financial ratio ROA, and ROE, and (4) Capital using CAR. Results of research at PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk period 2013 showed that the soundness of the bank was very healthy, this was reflected in the final composite value of 86,66%, results of research at PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk period 2014 showed that the soundness of the bank was very healthy, this was reflected in the final composite value of 86,66%, in period 2015 shows that the Bank soundness healthy, it is reflected from the final composite value obtained value of 83.33% For the period of 2016 shows that the Bank soundness healthy, it is reflected from the final composite value obtained value of 73.33%. For the period of 2017 shows that the Bank soundness healthy, it is reflected from the final composite value obtained value of 83.33%. Based on the results of the analysis, the ratio that affects the rise and fall of the bank's health composite value is the ratio of NPL and ROE, because in the period 2016 PT. Bank Mandiri (Pesero) Tbk experienced a decline in composite value along with a decrease in the ratio of NPL and ROE. Thus the health results can be used as an evaluation by PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk to be more selective in lending to prospective customers to better health of banks and will affect the profits generated.
Study of frequency of eaeA, stx1 and stx2 genes in Escherichia coli isolated from local cheeses in Maragheh city by multiplex PCR

Pathogens can be transmitted to the humans through the consumption of contaminated local dairy products such as cheese and, thus, cause pathogenic diseases. Shiga toxin produced by Escherichia coli can cause mild watery diarrhea as well as serious complications such as hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome and may even lead to death. The present study was conducted to investigate the frequency of eaeA, stx1 and stx2 genes in Escherichia coli isolated from local cheese in Maragheh city through multiplex PCR. Thirty two Escherichia coli isolates from local cheese in Maragheh city were studied with regard to the frequency of stx1, stx2 and eaeA genes through multiplex PCR. The frequency of eaeA gene in Escherichia coli isolates was 15.62% (5:32). Stx1 and stx2 genes were not found in any isolate. It was concluded that shiga toxin produced by E.coli exists in local cheeses and can pose risks to the human health in this region.
Self-assembly of layered double hydroxide nanosheets/Au nanoparticles ultrathin films for enzyme-free electrocatalysis of glucose

This paper reports the fabrication of layered double hydroxide nanosheets (LDH nanosheets)/Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) ultrathin films (UTFs) via the layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly technique, and their electrocatalytic performance for the oxidation of glucose was demonstrated. UV-vis absorption spectra show the uniform growth of the UTFs and the enhancement of interlayer plasmon coupling of AuNPs upon increasing deposition cycle. The XRD results indicate that the (LDH/AuNPs)n UTFs possess long-range order stacking in the normal direction of the substrate, with AuNPs accommodated between the LDH nanosheets as a monolayer arrangement. SEM, TEM and AFM images reveal a high dispersion of AuNPs on the surface of the LDH nanosheets without aggregation. The electrochemical behavior of the UTF modified fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) electrode was studied by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The (LDH/AuNPs)n UTF shows improved electron transfer kinetics, owing to the formation of electron tunneling junctions resulting from the interlayer plasmon coupling. This leads to new channels for facilitating electron transfer within the UTFs. In addition, the (LDH/AuNPs)8electrode displays significant electrocatalytic performance for glucose with a linear response range (50 μM–20 mM), low detection limit (10.8 μM), high sensitivity (343 μA mM−1 cm−2), good stability and reproducibility. Therefore, this work provides a feasible method to immobilize metal nanoparticles using the LDH nanosheet as a 2D matrix, which is promising for the development of enzyme-free sensors.
RECRUITING AFRICAN-AMERICAN RESEARCH PARTICIPATION

Subsequent to the 1994 National Institutes of Health mandate for more diversity in research populations, increased emphasis has been placed on recruiting African Americans and other ethnoracial minorities into research studies. Past race relations and historical experiences with the research and medical community have been identified as a major barrier to effective recruitment, particularly for African Americans. The long-standing mistrust of research, suspicion of the motives and practices of researchers, and fear of exploitation and negative stereotyping as a result of research findings are well chronicled. Numerous reviews have highlighted strategies that may be effective in addressing these issues while attending to other barriers to participation, including factors unique to participants, study organization and protocols, and community involvement. Participatory action, researcher-researched contextual matching, and social marketing models have been proposed as frameworks for generating recruitment strategies. No one set of approaches has emerged as superior in producing results, and the literature now stresses the importance of developing study-specific methods to address the unique cultural, structural, and community barriers and concerns regarding trust and disease burden. The Jackson Heart Study was an outgrowth of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, seeking to secure new and continuing participation of 5302 African Americans for longterm observation of cardiovascular risk factors. The JHS aimed at enrolling a representative, population-based cohort of self-defined African-American persons aged 35–84 years, with an embedded collection of families for genetic study. Recruitment involved ARIC participants, random selections, and volunteers from three counties surrounding Jackson, Mississippi, as well as first-degree relatives of index participants. Before the JHS, the Jackson site of the ARIC study—one of this study’s four sites—represented the largest historical effort to recruit African-American research participation from a single place. The purpose of this paper is to describe the recruitment model developed in concert with community representatives; the sampling plan; the recruitment protocol including staff hiring, training, and certification; participant contact procedures; enrollment that used a home induction interview; and the recruitment results.
Exploring the large voltage range of carbon/carbon supercapacitors in aqueous lithium sulfate electrolyte

This study investigates the large voltage range of symmetric carbon/carbon capacitors in environmentally friendly aqueous lithium sulfate electrolyte. A high over-potential related to the hydrogen sorption mechanism at the negative electrode contributes usefully to enhance the operating voltage up to 1.9 V with an excellent stability during 10 000 charge/discharge cycles. Such a voltage value is two times higher than the values generally demonstrated with symmetric carbon/carbon capacitors in conventional aqueous media, while avoiding the disadvantages of the corrosive properties of acidic and basic electrolytes. Temperature programmed desorption analysis of the electrodes after long-term cycling gives the evidence that the maximum voltage is essentially limited by an irreversible electro-oxidation process at the positive electrode. If the potential of the positive electrode goes beyond a given value during cell operation, a massive electro-oxidation of carbon leads to a further deleterious increase of the maximum potential of the electrode and an increase of electrode resistance resulting in a decrease of capacitance. Inconvenience can be sidestepped by performing a controlled chemical oxidation of the carbon surface using hydrogen peroxide. As a consequence, the maximum potential of the electrode remains stable during operation of the cell at 1.9 V, and the system can be charged/discharged during 10 000 cycles with very moderate loss of capacitance or increase of resistance.
Higher‐order adiabatic separation of strongly coupled systems. II. Generalized Hénon–Heiles Hamiltonian

The phase corrected adiabatic approximation [Y. Marechal, J. Chem. Phys. 83, 247 (1985); T. T. Nguyen‐Dang and A. D. Bandrauk, J. Chem. Phys. 85, 7224 (1986)], is applied to obtain a second‐order adiabatic representation for the generalized Henon–Heiles system. This representation provides a formal link between nonintegrable Henon–Heiles systems and the integrable anti‐Henon–Heiles system, for which the representation denotes exact separability in terms of normal coordinates q1=(1/√2)(x+y), q2=(1/√2)(x−y). In the nonintegrable cases, the representation denotes a higher‐order adiabatic separability of the two coupled modes of the Henon–Heiles systems, as its basis states are unitarily equivalent to Born–Oppenheimer‐type product states, and are coupled only by residual couplings that are of second‐order in the original coupling constant λ.
A Study on Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction of the Non-academic Staff Members in the University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka

-Managing human resources towards the attainment of productivity, is an important aspect of an organisation. Either in the private sector, government sector or in the semi-government sector, an organisation's productivity depends on the performance of employees. Among the factors affecting employee performance, job satisfaction is identified as a key factor. Several studies on public universities in Sri Lanka also identified that job satisfaction plays a key role on its employee performance. Thus, for the betterment of the productivity of a university, job satisfaction of the academic, non-academic and administrative staff should be ensured within a university system. Yet, factors affecting job satisfaction of the non-academic staff of universities in Sri Lanka should be further identified. Using a quantitative approach, this paper aims (1) to identify factors affecting job satisfaction of the non-academic staff members of University of Kelaniya and (2) identify the effect of those factors on overall job satisfaction. Based on the convenience sampling method, it was selected 30 non-academic staff members of the University of Kelaniya from the Faculty of Social Science and the Faculty of Humanities. By analyzing respondents' answers to a questionnaire, it was found through a factor analysis, that working condition, job security, autonomy or freedom, relationship with colleagues, relationship with superiors, promotion and pay were the major factors affecting the job satisfaction of non-academic staff of the University. working condition, pay, relationship with superiors and the relationship with colleagues were the key factors that significantly affected overall job satisfaction.
Forcing a dynamic model for oil production and ERoEI evolution: The Oil Game

Since 1940, many attempts to model world oil production have been proposed. These approaches, using increasing complexity, consider the growing and decay of production independently of external, time-varying, causes. It is here proposed to extend the production equation by modelling a dynamic dependency between oil production and its Energy Return on Energy Invested (ERoEI), based on mass and energy conservation. The ERoEI equation is derived according to the second principle. It leads to a Lotka-Volterra set of equations, which can be applied to all extracted liquid fossil fuels. The model obtained, after comparison with oil extraction and ERoEI evolution on the period 1960-2010, illustrates the production dynamic and the existence of an external, controlling parameter: the investment rate, which account for the re-investment in newly operating liquid fuel sources. The evolution of this parameter provides some possible explanations about the progress of the oil shocks and also some possible explanations about the peak prediction issues of the classical Hubbert model. Studying this evolution also suggests an attempt to control the liquid fuel production in order to obtain a linear time evolution on the period 1960-2010 through an apparently linearly growing investment rate: the oil game. Unfortunately, in order to keep a linearly growing production at long time scale, the investment rate has actually to evolve exponentially: the linear growth is in fact a short time scale approximation of the control required to play the oil game. The model also allows to highlight a major issue in liquid fuel production: even if the gross product can be controlled and keeps growing linearly, the net product, which account for the energy delivered by the oil industry to the world, is falling down faster and faster, due to the decrease of ERoEI. At some point, the
Gymnastics Asthma Affects the Respiratory Pattern of Asthma Sufferers

-Asthmatic sufferers have a respiratory abnormalation causing shortness of breath. So that asthma sufferers can have difficulty in breathing. To improve the respiratory pattern in asthma sufferers, it is necessary to prepare asthma gymnastics in daily life. Purpose of this research to know the influence of asthma to breathing patterns in asthma sufferers in Posyandu Reksowerdo III Wonokromo Surabaya. The design of this research was Quasy-Experiment​ (pre​ posttest control design.) ​ Population of 50 people and sample of 46 respondents with simple​ random sampling technique​ . The independent variable of this study was asthma gymnastics and the dependent variable was the breathing pattern. The research instrument used questionnaires and observation sheets. Data analysis using test Wilcoxon and​ Mann Whitney​ with significance value α =​ ​ 0,05. The results showed that after the statistical tests Wilcoxon and Mann ​ Whitney obtained ρ = 0.000 <α = 0.05 indicates there is influence between asthma and asthma exercises on asthma patients in Posyandu Reksowerdo III Wonokromo Surabaya. There are differences in respiratory pattern in patients with intervention group asthma before and after asthma gymnastic performed at Posyandu Reksowerdo III Wonokromo Surabaya. Therefore, it is expected that people can apply asthma gymnastics in daily life in order to improve respiratory pattern and improve asthma control. Keywords--Gymnastic asthma, breathing pattern, asthma.