Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparison of banana flower powder and sodium bicarbonate supplementation on rumen fermentation and milk production in dairy cows

Four Holstein-Friesian crossbred dairy cows were randomly assigned according to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to study the effect of banana flower powder (BAFLOP) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) supplementation as rumen-buffering agents on rumen fermentation and milk production. The first factor was two ratios of roughage to concentrate (R : C) at 60 : 40 and 40 : 60, whereas the second was two sources of buffering agent (BAFLOP and NaHCO3) supplemented at 20 g/kg of dry matter intake. All cows were fed total dry matter intake at 25 g/kg bodyweight and untreated rice straw was used as a roughage source. Feeding R : C at 40 : 60 increased nutrient digestibilities, nitrogen absorption, allantoin excretion and absorption, microbial nitrogen synthesis, microbial crude protein and efficiency of microbial nitrogen synthesis in both BAFLOP- and NaHCO3-supplemented groups. BAFLOP supplementation could maintain ruminal pH as NaHCO3. Blood urea nitrogen, total volatile fatty acid and propionate, and milk yield increased in cows fed R : C at 40 : 60 both in BAFLOP and NaHCO3 supplementation, whereas acetate was relatively high in cows consuming R : C at 60 : 40. However, rumen microorganisms were similar among treatments whereas milk compositions were unchanged by the dietary treatments, except milk fat and total solids were the highest in cow consumed R : C at 60 : 40. The results suggested that feeding R : C at 40 : 60 resulted in improvement of nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation efficiency and milk production, and supplementation of BAFLOP showed similar buffering capacity as NaHCO3. Therefore, BAFLOP could be used efficiently as a dietary rumen-buffering agent and promisingly deserves a replacement for bicarbonate sources in lactating dairy cows fed on a high concentrate diet.
Energy router for SC: GC, SA and transition mode controls

From the electrical point of view, the concept of smart community (SC) was defined as a distributed system consisting of a set of smart homes, distributed energy resources (DERs) and energy storage systems (ESSs) using SC controllers to enable smart power management. In this context, the SC energy management system (SCEMS) acts as aggregator of these resources, aiming to assure benefits for every SC stakeholder by setting the SC operation. The references given by the SCEMS must be accurately tracked by the energy routers (ERs), intended as one of the key components of the SC, acting as smart interface between the utility grid and the prosumers’ DER and ESS. This study proposes a flexible, robust and simple control strategy for a single-phase ER. The ER regulates the active and reactive powers in grid-connected (GC) mode, and the voltage and frequency when operating in stand-alone (SA) mode. A seamless transition between SA and GC is demonstrated, avoiding undesired transients. The design and implementation of the proposed control strategy is progressively explained. Finally, this is tested via simulation (in PSCAD/EMTDC software) and verified with the experimental prototype.
Light weight security scheme in wireless body area sensor network using logistic chaotic scheme

WBAN is a boon to humanity that can track the physiological activities of humans irrespective of location and time. However, the major concerns about WBAN are the security and privacy of the health data. The health data should be secured to ensure prevention of misuse of data. On the other hand, the health data about the patient must reach the physician at the right time, without any delay. As security impact over the lives of human, an effective model named as SEKBAN (Secure Key Management in WBAN) is presented that concerns about security at three phases. This proposed approach ensures the security of the data by establishing keys based on the ECG signal.
Color evaluation of white spot lesions treated with resin infiltration after water or grape juice storage

Aim: To evaluate the color stability of bovine enamel with artificial white spot lesions treated with resin infiltration (ICON) or remineralization with fluoride using two storage methods. Methods: Sixty incisors were submitted to artificial white spot lesion induced by demineralization-remineralization (DE-RE) cycling. Initial color was evaluated with CIE-Lab to measure ΔEab. Demineralized teeth were divided according to the treatment of the white spot lesion (n = 20): 1) Remineralization with 2% neutral fluoride gel for 4min (control); 2) ICON application following manufacturer’s recommendations; and 3) ICON with decreased drying time after the application of ethanol. After 24h, color was evaluated and samples were subdivided (n = 10) according to storage: 1) distilled water for 1 month; 2) grape juice for 10min daily. After storage, color was evaluated. L*, a* and b* data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and ∆Eab data by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD (α = 0.05). Results: L* was affected by juice storage, and decreased when ICON was applied with decreased drying time after the ethanol application. The same behavior occurred with a* (increase with reduced drying time), while b* was not affected. For ∆Eab significant differences were observed between groups (p = 0.0219) and storage methods (p = 0.0007). There was no interaction effect (p = 0.1118). Remineralization with fluoride presented the lowest color changes after storage in water. Conclusion: Treatment of artificial carious lesions with resin infiltration presented greater color changes than fluoride remineralization after storage in both solutions in vitro.
Mammal species composition reveals new insights into Earth's remaining wilderness

Maps of the human footprint allow ecologists to identify the wildest lands on the planet, track their decline, and prioritize wildland conservation efforts. Other research efforts have mapped biological intactness and identified conservation priorities to protect biodiversity. However, little research has involved the use of historical references to evaluate intactness of species composition globally. We used a dataset estimating historical and current distributions of mammals to address whether the wildest places on Earth support the most intact mammal communities. Contrary to our expectations, we found that the global human footprint was not strongly correlated with mammal community intactness and uncovered surprising situations where both the human footprint and mammal species intactness were high, and other examples where both were low. Our results could be used to enhance maps and estimates of global wilderness areas by identifying wild and intact regions, while also prioritizing conservation of intact but human- modified landscapes.
Marginal hosts: Short-term rental suppliers in Turin, Italy

Within the growing amount of literature on short-term rentals, which has started to increase in the past three years, research has focused mainly on world tourism cities, and intuitively on the cores of cities. Additionally, the economic actors serving as suppliers in the short-term rental sector are too often taken for granted. While existing research confirms the growing presence of real estate agencies and transnational investors who own or manage a significant number of apartment buildings with a purely corporate aim, what is more controversial is that which happens on the other side of the market: local homeowners becoming short-term rental sector suppliers. Focusing on the Italian city of Turin, the article contributes to this debate by exploring the profiles and economic lives of middle-class Airbnb ‘hosts’. Drawing on a set of in-depth interviews, the article provides a categorization of different types of, what we call, ‘marginal hosts’, and an analysis of their specificities and narratives. The study, carried out at a neighbourhood level, shows that the interplay between post-crisis austerity, which has impacted on occupations and income, homeownership and platform capitalism have provided new value-extraction opportunities. We will conclude by arguing that social class should be more specific to the analysis of short-term rental sectors, simultaneously underlining the need for further systematic research on suppliers.
Estimación de costo-enfermedad por neumonía y bronquiolitis en niños menores de 5 años en Colombia

Introduccion: La Infeccion Respiratoria Aguda (IRA) es una de las enfermedades mas relevantes a nivel mundial ya que genera la tasa mas alta de mortalidad en ninos menores de 5 anos. En Colombia durante el ano 2018 se presentaron 2.271. 307 casos de IRA en menores de 5 anos, el 9,5% fueron neumonias y 12,2% bronquiolitis; sobre esto existe un vacio en el conocimiento acerca del costo de la enfermedad desde la perspectiva del sistema de salud y de la sociedad. Objetivo: Estimar el costo-enfermedad de la neumonia y bronquiolitis en ninos menores de 5 anos en Colombia. Metodologia: Evaluacion economica parcial con estimacion de costos directos medicos, a partir de informacion obtenida desde las bases de Registro Individual de Prestacion de Servicios y Base de Suficiencia, asi como los costos directos no medicos e indirectos a traves de una encuesta construida, validada y aplicada a padres, madres y cuidadores de ninos hospitalizados por estos eventos. Se desarrollo un microcosteo y Bootstraping con 50.000 iteraciones para cada evento con la generacion de analisis secundarios por sexo, edad y estancia en Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) de los pacientes. Resultados: Los costos de enfermedad en ninos menores de 5 anos que se hospitalizan por bronquiolitis o neumonia en Colombia fue de I$ 2,447(COP 3.208.414 - IC 95% COP 2.158.442 - 4.146.951) y I$ 2.104,2 (COP 2.757.963 -IC 95% COP 2.305.559 -3.603.664) respectivamente, mostrando que los intervalos del bootstrapping se traslapan y no hay diferencias significativas. Conclusiones: En Colombia mas de 30.000 ninos al ano son hospitalizados por estas causas y sus costos desde la perspectiva de la sociedad en el ano 2018 fueron de USD 30’778.479 (COP 90.994.417.999), situacion que en el peor escenario con una tasa de hospitalizacion del 100%, podria comprometer hasta el 2,6% del presupuesto nacional de salud. Del total del costo de la enfermedad, el 90% corresponde al costo medico directo asumido por el sistema de salud y el 10% restante incluye el gasto de bolsillo y perdida de productividad de las familias. Para una familia con ingresos de un salario minimo legal vigente, los costos por el cuidado de un nino con neumonia o bronquiolitis hospitalizado pueden significar el 35% de los ingresos mensuales. Esto implica una gran afectacion en las finanzas de las familias, incrementando su vulnerabilidad.
Morphological account of Schizothorax richardsonii population of river kosi and river Alaknanda

Morphometric relationship of Snow trout (Schizothorax richardsonii) has been studied from two different lotic water bodies of Uttarakhand-river Kosi and river Alaknanda. The descriptive statistical parameters and correlation coefficient (r) were analysed with independent variable (total length) and dependent variable (other morphometric parameters). The linear relationship has been observed between dependent and independent characters. The highest correlation was shown by standard length with total length in both the rivers. It was observed that significant correlation exists in all the morphometric characters with total length except pre orbital length, eye diameter, dorsal fin length, and anal fin base length, termination of anal to dorsal side caudal peduncle and termination of anal to ventral side caudal peduncle in river Kosi. The significant correlations exist in all the morphometric characters with total length except dorsal fin length in river Alaknanda. Twenty one characters have been studied in percentage of total length from which twelve characters were intermediate controlled in both the selected ecosystems which showed little bit disturbance in environmental conditions.
Improvement of the nutritional quality of cottonseed meal by Bacillus subtilis and the addition of papain.

To improve the nutritional quality of the cottonseed meal (CSM), it was fermented by Bacillus subtilis (FCSMB) or by B. subtilis and the addition of papain (FCSMB+A). After 48 h of fermentation, both FCSMB and FCSMB+A increased (p<0.05) the contents of crude protein and crude ash; whereas the contents of crude fat, crude fiber and free gossypol were sharply decreased (p<0.05) compared with CSM. FCSMB and FCSMB+A also raised (p<0.05) contents of essential and total amino acids. Moreover, both fermented products increased (p<0.05) the degree of hydrolysis of cottonseed protein and soluble protein content, especially in FCSMB+A. The distribution of soluble protein showed that FCSMB+A improved (p<0.05) the amount of small-size protein fractions (<20 kDa), while decreasing (p<0.05) medium-size (20–50 kDa) and large-size fractions (>50 kDa) compared with FCSMB or CSM. Additionally, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and in vitro protein digestibility were improved (p<0.05) in the FCSMB and FCSMB+A as compared to CSM. Collectively, CSM fermented by B. subtilis, especially with the addition of papain could substantially improve its nutritional value to some extent. © 2012 Friends Science Publishers
Determinants of quality wildlife viewing in Great Smoky Mountains National Park.

SPARROWE, R. D. , AND K. M. BABCOCK. 1989. A turning point for duck harvest management. Trans. North Am. Wildl. and Nat. Resour. Conf. 54:493495. TAUTIN, J., S. M. CARNEY, AND J. B. BORTNER. 1989. A national migratory gamebird harvest survey: a continuing need. Trans. North Am. Wildl. and Nat. Resour. Conf. 54:545-551. U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE. 1988. Final supplemental environmental impact statement: issuance of annual regulations permitting the sport hunting of migratory birds. U.S. Fish and Wildl. Serv. , Washington, D.C. 340pp.
Rotation Parameters Estimation and Cross-Range Scaling Research for Range Instantaneous Doppler ISAR Images

The maneuverability of targets cannot be neglected in many circumstances for Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) imaging procedure. For these circumstances, the Range Instantaneous Doppler (RID) algorithm is required to form the well-focused ISAR images. Simultaneously, as the inevitable means of obtaining the target’s cross-range size, the cross-range scaling approach for the RID images also needs to be considered consequently. Since there are few cross-range scaling methods focused on the RID images, we propose a novel method in this paper based on the phase coefficients estimation and scatterers pairing process to solve the problem. Without the special requirements for the scatterers or complicated optimization process, the proposed approach is widely adaptive and efficient. Otherwise, besides the novel estimation method for the rotation parameters, we also propose the novel technique for calculating the cross-range scaling factor of the RID images, which is quite different from that of the Range Doppler (RD) images. Finally, by using the recommended RID imaging algorithm and the proposed cross-range scaling approach, the results of ISAR imaging and cross-range scaling experiments on the simulation and real-data experiment are represented, which demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in this paper.
NEGOTIATIONS ON SPECIAL AGRICULTURAL SAFEGUARDS: ISSUES, ANALYSIS OPTIONS AND A CASE STUDY

The Special Agricultural Safeguard (SAG) is a provision that may be invoked by a Member country of WTO for a product subject to tariffication. It is for the application of the special safeguard designated in the Member’s Schedule. It is designed to prevent disruption on domestic markets due to import surges. The current paper provides the answer to the research question, whether special agricultural safeguards have impact on international trade flow or not? Time series data of imports of butter in USA from 13 countries was modeled and estimated by using OLS technique. The adjusted coefficient of determination for the import demand equation of the butter was 0.56, which indicates that the variables included in the equation explained 56 per cent of the variation in imports of butter in the USA. The overall result of the model was also significant as reflected through estimated F-value. The results also showed that in the import demand equation, the coefficients of price, in-quota tariff and over-quota tariff were negative as per a priori expectations. The positive sign of SAG revealed that total volume of imports and the commitments of suppliers plays important role in the import of butter.
Author Identification for Marathi Language

A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Received: 22 July, 2019 Accepted: 09 December, 2019 Online: 04 April, 2020 This is era of new technology; most of information is collected from internet, web sites. Some people uses data from research papers, thesis, and website as it is and publish as their own research without giving proper acknowledgement. This term is known as plagiarism. There are two types of plagiarism detection methods, i) Extrinsic plagiarism detection ii) Intrinsic plagiarism detection. Through extrinsic plagiarism utilizing reference corpus plagiarism is observed, while in intrinsic plagiarism identification, using author's writing style, plagiarism can be identified. If the anonymous text is written by unknown author. By using authorship analysis we can find original author of text. Authorship analysis is having three types i)Author identification ii) Author characterization and iii) Similarity detection. This paper mainly focuses on author identification for Marathi language. To calculate projection in two different files, we used feature vectors of main author file and summary file of other authors. The result of average projection shows, there is similarity in main author file and summary file of different authors, it also shows summary file of each author is having impact of main author file.
Occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in Italian rabbit farms.

In order to investigate the occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in rabbits reared in intensive and rural farms, the caecal contents of 39 animals from 13 different farms (3 rabbits per farm) were collected from April to November 2007. The whole intestinal tract from each rabbit was obtained just after evisceration at the slaughterhouse or during necroscopy, and processed within 4 hours. Approximately 5 g of caecal contents were squeezed into 5 ml of sterile saline and shaken in order to obtain a homogenous suspension. Samples were inoculated by streaking 10 μl of each suspension directly onto four different selective fresh media: Blaser-Wang’s Agar (Oxoid), Skirrow’s Agar (Oxoid), Nutrient Agar N°2 (Oxoid) 5% sheep blood plus CAT Selective Supplement (CAT, Oxoid) and modified Charcoal Cefoperazone Deoxycholate Agar (mCCDA, Oxoid). In addition, samples were inoculated on a non selective medium such as Nutrient Agar N°2 (Oxoid) 5% sheep blood using a modified filter technique of Steele & McDermott. All plates were incubated in a jar at 37°C±1 under a microaerobic atmosphere with hydrogen and examined daily for growth up to 12 days. From each sample, 3 colonies showing the same morphotype referable to Gram negative, curved or spiral rod bacteria, were cloned. All the selected colonies were subjected to genus-specific PCR for Campylobacter. Positive isolates were submitted to the PCRs specific for C. jejuni, C. coli, C. upsaliensis, C. helveticus and C. lari. The isolates which resulted negative to the species-specific PCRs were subjected to rpoB sequence phylogenetic analysis. A total of 36 out of 39 animals (92.3%) and all the 13 farms resulted positive for Campylobacter. All isolates were positive for Campylobacter genus PCR but negative for all the species-specific PCRs tested. Phylogenetic analysis based on the partial nucleotide rpoB sequences of 13 isolates (one strain per farm) randomly selected and the reference strains showed that all the rabbit isolates clustered together in a tight clade. This cluster was clearly separated from all the other Campylobacter species with high bootstrap values (100), indicating that these isolates may belong to a new species. This survey allowed reporting the occurrence of a probably new Campylobacter species in the caecal contents of farmed rabbits in Italy. Further studies are necessary to describe it and evaluate its possible pathogenic effect on rabbit as well as the eventual zoonotic role.
Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health

Certain strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have beneficial effects on Japanese cedar pollinosis (JCPsis), which is a major concern in Japan. Heat-killed Lactobacillus plantarum YIT 0132 (LP0132), selected for its ability to induce interleukin (IL)-10, has been shown to suppress JCPsis symptoms. Lactobacillus casei Shirota (LcS), a popular probiotic, potentially induces a high level of IL-12 and is reported to delay the onset of JCPsis symptoms. However, it is unclear whether a combination of different types of LAB exerts additional effects without interfering with the benefits of each individual LAB. Thus, we conducted a pilot study to investigate the effects of LP0132fermented citrus juice on JCPsis during simultaneous consumption of LcS-fermented milk. Fifty-nine subjects with JCPsis were allocated to two groups after a 2-week preconsumption period: one group consumed LP0132fermented citrus juice and LcS-fermented milk (LcS+LP0132 group) for 12 weeks, while the other consumed LcS-fermented milk alone (LcS group). JCPsis symptoms, JCPsis-associated quality of life (QOL) impairment, and bowel movements were assessed by questionnaires. Compared with the LcS group, the LcS+LP0132 group showed significant alleviation of total symptoms and total ocular symptoms during the consumption period, as well as relief of impaired QOL. Bowel movements were significantly improved during the consumption period compared with the baseline in a combined analysis of all subjects in the two groups. In conclusion, LP0132fermented citrus juice appears to have positive effects on some JCPsis symptoms and QOL in a population consuming immunomodulating probiotics such as LcS-fermented milk.
Fiona Terry of the International Committee of the Red Cross talks about The Roots of Restraint in War and the intersection of research and humanitarianism

Fiona Terry is the Head of the Centre for Operational Research and Experience at the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). She is the co-author of The Roots of Restraint in War (https://www.icrc.org/en/publication/4352-roots-restraint-war), which the ICRC published in 2018. The report examines how and why formal and informal norms shape armed group behavior in war. In addition to discussing some of the report’s main findings, the interview addresses the relationship between academic research and humanitarian practitioners; how external researchers are able, or not able, to shape internal organizational culture; the ethics of data collection; gender and the laws of war; and the differences between formal state militaries and other kinds of non-state actors that engage in violence. The interview was conducted by Helen M. Kinsella, Associate Professor of Political Science at the University of Minnesota, and Scott Straus, co-editor-in-chief of the journal. Author of The Image before the Weapon: A Critical History of the Distinction between Combatant and Civilian, Kinsella was a Council on Foreign Relations Fellow at the ICRC, where she focused on gender and armed conflict, in the 2018–2019 academic year.