Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Contributions towards the knowledge of the Annelida Polychaeta

Some time ago a finely preserved collection of Annelids was procured by our Museum from the Zoological Station at Naples; among them I observed some specimens of Arenicola, which in their characters do not agree with the species, hitherto known from the European coast. Going over the litterature about this genus, I saw that not only there reigns a good deal of confusion in the description of the different species, but that we want even an accurate knowledge of the feature of the bristles and branchiae of our European species. Almost all the authors have given an erroneous account of the appearance of the branchiae of the common A. marina; nevertheless Williams 2) in the year 1851 already stated: »they are commonly described as forming an arborescent tuft; the division of the vessels is however regulated by a fixed principle. When fully injected with blood, the vessels of each branchia form a single plane etc.” Even a superficial examination is able to convince us of the correctness of Williams’ assertion, though his drawing is not very accurate. Indeed each branchia of the common lug-worm consists of about 12 secundary branchiae, connected by a membrane at their base and situated next to each other in the same plane, like the divisions of a palmated leaf; these secondary branchiae are not irregularly branched, but possess a middle axis, furnished on each side with 3 or 4 tufts of filaments (fig. 2). If the number of those lateral tufts much increases, as is to be observed in some species of Arenicola, and the middle axis bears on each side, in stead of 4, 12 or more racemous tufts, the secondary branchiae resemble a feather (fig. 6). Therefore a South-American species, provided with such plumous branchiae, was named by Lutken Pteroscolex, which he wishes to be considered as a sub-genus of Arenicola 1). However if we would retain this name, as proposed by Levinsen 2), then also our A. marina ought to be ranged in that sub-genus, because there is only a gradual difference between the branchiae of A. antillensis and marina. Claparede seems not to have rightly understood Lutken’s description; otherwise he would not have written 3): »toutes les branchies sont disposees dans un meme plan, comme les nervures d’une feuille, et ne forment pas de buisson touifu. Ce caractere a ete releve chez une Arenicole des Antilles par M. Lutken etc.”
Accumulation and Leaching Risk of Soil Phosphorus in Lei Bamboo Stands in the Upper Reaches of Taihu Lake

Phosphorus accumulation and losses were measured in the soils in Lei bamboo (Phyllostachys praecox) stands located in the upper reaches of Taihu Lake to determine evolution trend of soil P and its leaching risk. The contents of total P (TP) and available P (AP) in the soils increased with time or cultivation ages and decline with soil depth. Average annual rate of P accretion in 0-25 cm plow layer during 1999-2010 were 102 kg ha yr . Rates of P accretion in 0-20, 20-40, 40-60 and 60-80 cm soil depth with 15 year-cultivation 11 history were 135, 65, 40 and 20 kg ha yr , respectively. The average contents of AP in the soils decreased 11 median P + pig manure,median P and phosphate rock decreased TP leaching loads by 15.4, 36.2 and 44.4%, respectively, as compared to the high P treatment. It is concluded that Lei bamboo stands have become important agricultural nonpoint source pollution in the upper reaches of Taihu Lake.
Contracts, norms, and plural form governance

The organization of interfirm exchanges has become of critical importance in today’s business environment. Many scholars have criticized the inadequacies of legal contracts as mechanisms for governing exchange, especially in the face of uncertainty and dependence. Other scholars argue that it is not the contracts per se but the social contexts in which they are embedded that determine their effectiveness. This study investigates the performance implications of governance structures involving contractual agreements and relational social norms, individually and in combination (plural form) under varying conditions and forms of transactional uncertainty and relationship-specific adaptation. Hypotheses are developed and tested on a sample of 396 buyer-seller relationships. The results provide support for the plural form thesis—increasing the relational content of a governance structure containing contractual agreements enhances performance when transactional uncertainty is high, but not when it is low. Implications for theory and future research are discussed.
Large deviations, condensation and giant response in a statistical system

We study the probability distribution P of the sum of a large number of non-identically distributed random variables nm. Condensation of fluctuations, the phenomenon whereby one of such variables provides a macroscopic contribution to the global probability, is discussed and interpreted by analogy with phase-transitions in statistical mechanics. A general expression for P is derived, and its sensitivity to the details of the distribution of a single nm is worked out. These general results are verified by the analytical and numerical solution of some specific examples.
Self-interest , Social Beliefs , and Attitudes to Redistribution Re-addressing the Issue of Cross-national Variation

Stefan Svallfors’ 1997 conclusion that patterns of attitudes towards redistribution are essentially the same across welfare-state regimes rests on a questionable treatment of missing data and on poor operationalization of the theoretical determinants of public opinion. Using demographic variables to improve the model speci¢cation, we identify cross-country di¡erences in the social bases of support for redistribution that con¢rm predictions of welfare-state scholarship. The gap between married andunmarriedpeople is unimportant inuniversalist regimes; the insider/outsider cleavage ismore important in conservative and speci¢c skills systems; classmatters more in liberal regimes. We ¢nd additional cross-national variationwhenwe examine whether popular support for redistribution is related to beliefs about social mobility. Speci¢cally, beliefs about why people get ahead in society are key determinants of attitudes towards redistribution in the United States and Australia, but play a more limited role in Norway and Germany.
Imperfect bifurcation with a slowly-varying control parameter

We consider a general class of imperfect bifurcation problems described by the following first order nonlinear differential equation:\[ y_i = ky^p + \lambda (t)y + \delta , \] where $k = 1$ or $-1$ and $p = 2$ or 3 are fixed quantities. The solution depends on the values of the “imperfection” parameter $\delta (0 < \delta \ll 1)$ and the time-dependent control parameter $\lambda (t) = \lambda _0 + \varepsilon t$ and $0 < \varepsilon \ll 1$). If $\delta = \varepsilon = 0$, this equation admits at $\lambda = 0$ a bifurcation from the basic state $y = 0$ to nonzero steady states. In the first part of the paper, we analyze the perturbation of the bifurcation solutions produced both by the small imperfection $(\delta \ne 0)$ and the slow variation of $\lambda (\varepsilon \ne 0)$. We show that $\lambda = 0$ does not correspond to the transition between the two branches of slowly-varying steady states. This transition appears at a larger value of $\lambda = \lambda _1 $. Provided that $\delta $ is sufficiently .
Cytogenetic variability and new chromosome number reports in Silene L. species (Sect. Lasiostemones, Caryophyllaceae)

Karyotype and meiotic studies were performed in 19 populations of five Silene species of the section Lasiostemones Boiss. , growing in Iran. The species of S. longipetala, S. tenella, S. claviformis and S. Marschallii possessed 2n = 2x = 24 chromosome number, while S. propinqua populations were diploid and tetraploid with two different base number of x = 10 and 12 (2n = 4x = 40). The results obtained support the earlier report on S. Marschallii while the chromosome number of S. longipetala, S. tenella, S. claviformis and S. propinqua are new to science. The chromosomes were mainly metacentric and sub-metacentric. The species studied differed significantly in total size of the chromosomes, size of the short arms and the long arms, indicating the role of quantitative genomic changes in the Silene species diversification. They also differ in their karyotypic formulae indicating the occurrence of structural changes in their chromosomes. The Silene species were placed in 1A, 2A and 1B classes of Stebbins karyotype symmetry which are considered relatively primitive in this system. PCA ordination of the Silene species indicated karyotypic distinctness of the species studied. Meiotic analysis showed that Arak population of S. Marschalii forms quadrivalents due to the occurrence of heterozygote translocation between two pairs of chromosomes which in turn may increase the amount of genetic variability in the next generation. Unreduced pollen grains were formed in populations of S. Marschalii due to multipolar cell formation, while B-chromosomes were observed in some of the species studied.
DEALING WITH THE CULTURE OF THE MARITIME MANPOWER IN A SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE MANNER

Concurrently, shipping companies’ crucial need for cost cutting is their main motive for recruiting seafarers of various nationalities and formulating multicultural teams on board the ships. This paper seeks to correlate the role of dealing with culture by being socially responsible. The main point of the research is not to examine the relation of human error with accident rates, but to examine how dealing with the cultural issue and managing multicultural crews, is related to the shipping companies’ and the industry’s social responsibility. An extensive literature review on the cultural issue of the maritime manpower, with a focus on the working and living conditions and the management of shipping crews, reveals important parameters of the subject. This analysis is enriched with qualitative data from an aboard case study. Results from the literature review and of the analysis of this single case study showed that managing multicultural human resources has very much to do with the company’s social responsibility. However, more needs to be done, in order to achieve a socially acceptable behaviour of all the industrial actors to its seagoing personnel.
Platelets — Allies of Tumour Cells

In 1865, Armand Trousseau observed several cases of severe blood clotting in patients with malignancy [1] but was unable to speculate on the underlying mechanism. In 1882, Bizzozero first demonstrated that blood platelets, or thrombocytes, adhered to damaged blood vessels and hypothesised that these blood components played a central role in haemostasis and experimental thrombosis [2]. Subsequently, Riess reported an association between thrombo‐ cytosis (defined as a platelet count of >400x109/ L of blood) and cancer death [3]. Almost a century later, these preliminary observations were revisited and confirmed [4, 5], initiating a renewed interest in a potential role for platelets in cancer metastasis, invasion and angiogenesis [6-10]. In this chapter, we will explore the evidence demonstrating a wider remit for platelets than simple haemostasis and thrombosis. We will review the data suggesting that platelets facilitate circulating cancer cells to traverse physiological and immunological obstacles and establish as solid tumours in remote places, where they enable a bespoke blood supply. In addition, we will explore the complex molecular mechanisms that underlie the platelet-tumour cell interactions.
The Transactional and Transformational Leadership in the Kuwaiti Commercial Banks Sector: Which One Is More Applied?

This study aimed at knowing the transactional leadership and the transformational leadership in the Kuwaiti commercial banks sector: which one is more applied? The study's population consists of the Kuwaiti commercial banks employees. A sample consists of (150) male and female employees have been taken from the workers in the Kuwaiti Commercial banks, (123) questionnaires available for analysis have been retrieved. The most important conclusions arrived to were as follows. The transactional leadership is applied in a high level at the commercial banks in Kuwait, and the transformational leadership is also applied in a high level, and there is no differences with statistical significance at 0.05 level between application of transactional and transformational leadership in the Kuwaiti commercial banks.
Maximal Eccentric Hamstrings Strength in Competitive Alpine Skiers: Cross-Sectional Observations From Youth to Elite Level

Competitive alpine skiers are subject to substantial risks of injury, especially concerning the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). During “landing back weighted” episodes, hamstrings may partially counteract the anterior shear force acting on the tibia by eccentrically resisting the boot-induced drawer of the tibia relative to the femur. The aim of the present study was to provide novel descriptive data and sport-specific reference values on maximal eccentric hamstrings strength (MEHS) in competitive alpine skiers from youth to elite level, and to explore potential relationships with sex, age and biological maturation. 170 competitive alpine skiers were investigated: 139 youth athletes (51 females, 88 males; age: 13.8 ± 0.59 years) and 31 elite athletes (19 females, 12 males; age: 21.7 ± 2.8 years). MEHS was assessed by the (Vald Performance, Newstead, Australia). U15 female skiers presented lower MEHS compared to female elite skiers for both limbs (R = 210 ± 44 N vs. 340 ± 48 N, respectively, p < 0.001, and L = 207 ± 46 N vs. 303 ± 35 N, respectively, p < 0.001). Similarly, lower MEHS was observed in U15 male skiers compared to male elite skiers for both limbs (R = 259 ± 51 N vs. 486 ± 62 N, respectively, p < 0.001, and L = 258 ± 57 N vs. 427 ± 54 N, respectively, p < 0.001). Correlations between MEHS and chronological age were modestly significant only for the U15 group (r = 0.37 and p < 0.001). When the correlations for the U15 group were performed between MHES and maturity offset (obtained from the calculation of biological age, i.e., age at peak height velocity), statistical significance was reached by all the correlations run for 3 variables (Males < 0: r = 0.59, p < 0.0001; Males > 0: r = 0.70, p < 0.0001; and Females > 0: r = 0.46, p < 0.0001, start of maturity offset = 0). This cross-sectional description of MEHS in alpine skiers from youth to elite level highlights the importance of biological maturation for MEHS values in youth athletes and presents novel data that may offer insights into new approaches for injury prevention.
Influence of operating parameters on the Apatite flotation kinetics

This study aimed to investigate the effect of controllable operating parameters, including pH, solid content, collector, modifier, and depressant dose, and conditioning time, on apatite flotation kinetics. Four first order flotation, kinetic models are tested on batch flotation time-recovery profiles. Model with fast and slow floating components and classical model gave the best and the worst fit for experimental data respectively. Similarly, rectangular distribution of floatabilities and gamma distribution of floatabilities fitted the experimental data well. In this study, the model with rectangular distribution of floatabilities associated with fractional factorial experimental design was employed to evaluate the effect of operating parameters on
Transport of Lithium Tracer and E. coli in Agricultural Wastewater Treatment Wetlands

Agricultural waste must be managed effectively to protect surface and groundwater resources, as well as human health. Constructed wetlands can provide a low-cost environmentally acceptable method for the treatment of agricultural wastewater. An ionic tracer (Lithium chloride [LiCl]) and a biotracer (a naladixic acid-resistant strain of Escherichia coli) were injected into six pilot-scale constructed wetlands treating dairy wastewater: three surface-fl ow (SF) wetlands and three subsurfacefl ow (SSF) wetlands. Each wetland was 3.9-m long and 1.7-m wide. Residence time distribution functions were calculated for each wetland to investigate the hydraulic behaviour of each system during winter and summer conditions. During the summer study, the mean residence times for SF wetlands 2, 4, and 6 were 12, 16, and 14 days, respectively, while the mean residence time for SSF wetlands 1, 3, and 5 were 23, 18, and 22 days, respectively. The longitudinal dispersion coeffi cients were in the order of 10 -6 m 2 ·s -1 for each wetland during the summer and winter. The mean residence time for SF wetlands 2, 4, and 6 during the winter study were 8, 10, and 10 days, respectively, while the mean residence time for SSF wetlands 1, 3, and 5 were 8, 9, and 10 days, respectively. E. coli effl uent peaks often occurred prior to Li peaks, suggesting that bacteria may be motile within the wetland environment. This study suggests that dispersion is an important mass transport process in both SF and SSF wetlands. Long-term operation of SF and SSF treatment wetlands may cause reduced retention times and treatment effi ciency due to organic matter accumulation and channelling. Cold winter temperatures may also increase the survival of bacteria within treatment wetland systems, decreasing the wetland’s ability to reduce bacteria concentrations during the winter months.
Consequences of Oxidative Stress on Plant Glycolytic and Respiratory Metabolism

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are present at low and controlled levels under normal conditions. These reactive molecules can increase to high levels under various biotic and abiotic conditions, resulting in perturbation of the cellular redox state that can ultimately lead to oxidative or nitrosative stress. In this review, we analyze the various effects that result from alterations of redox homeostasis on plant glycolytic pathway and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Most documented modifications caused by ROS or RNS are due to the presence of redox-sensitive cysteine thiol groups in proteins. Redox modifications include Cys oxidation, disulfide bond formation, S-glutathionylation, S-nitrosylation, and S-sulfhydration. A growing number of proteomic surveys and biochemical studies document the occurrence of ROS- or RNS-mediated modification in enzymes of glycolysis and the TCA cycle. In a few cases, these modifications have been shown to affect enzyme activity, suggesting an operational regulatory mechanism in vivo. Further changes induced by oxidative stress conditions include the proposed redox-dependent modifications in the subcellular distribution of a putative redox sensor, NAD-glyceraldehyde-3P dehydrogenase and the micro-compartmentation of cytosolic glycolytic enzymes. Data from the literature indicate that oxidative stress may induce complex changes in metabolite pools in central carbon metabolism. This information is discussed in the context of our understanding of plant metabolic response to oxidative stress.
Improved an energy-aware scheduling algorithms in wireless sensor networks using evolutionary algorithm

Wireless sensor network is an emerging technology with low cost and wide application in various fields. A network consists of a large number of sensor nodes which are spread in a wide area to gather information from their environment. The nodes consist of sensing, computing, communications and power supply parts as four main units. But, the limited energy, low correlation and volume storage capacity and low bandwidth are the main limitations. To save energy and cut its consumption, various algorithms are used in each node. There are different approaches to cluster nodes in wireless sensor networks, such as LEACH-ER algorithm benefits increase the reliability of the network, reduce energy consumption and increase the network lifetime, Disadvantages against error is resistant and sustainability is not high,N-LEACH algorithm the benefits of reducing energy consumption - load balance in the network. Disadvantages scalable errors in front , what happened in the network is not sustainable, A-LEACH algorithm the benefits of reducing the likelihood of error, reducing the likelihood of cluster head, Disadvantages of stability in front of the error , lack of scalability , up to the number of nodes is not expected performance. In this study, a method to extend the life of the memetic algorithm based network is presented and network nodes lifetime increase is investigated. By increasing nodes lifetime, network coverage rises, practically. Applying this method, network coverage capacity can be increased. Obtained results of present study is compared with Leach algorithm between 100 to 500 nodes are provided.
MME Support for M2M Communications Using Network Function Virtualization

—The use of massive Machine to Machine (M2M) communications on future mobile networks may lead to a signaling trafﬁc explosion. Small Data Transmission (SDT) procedure appears as an efﬁcient option for M2M small data transfer in Long Term Evolution (LTE). However, this procedure entails more processing load in the Mobility Management Entity (MME). Moreover, the ﬁxed capacity in current LTE core hardware-based infrastructure can limit the scalability of this solution. To overcome this, we propose to: i) virtualize hardware dedicated MME (vMME) using Network Function Virtualization (NFV), ii) prioritize the vMME processing of Human to Human (H2H) signaling messages by means of priority queues, and iii) use the Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) ﬁeld to identify priorities. The results show that, by increasing the number of NFV instances, the vMME capacity can be raised to manage the massive M2M SDT requests. Additionally, they show that the delay increase of H2H control plane procedures, caused by M2M communications, can be mitigated. Therefore, we conclude that our solution eases the deployment of massive M2M communications in future mobile networks.
Bad Jobs in Britain

The rapid growth in nonstandard forms of employment toward the end of the 20th century has fuelled claims about the spread of “bad jobs” within Anglo-American capitalism. Research from the United States indicates that such jobs have more bad characteristics than do permanent jobs after controlling for workers’ personal characteristics, family status, and occupation. We apply a version of the bad characteristics approach to British data and find that despite some institutional differences with the United States, (notably, in employer welfare provision), the British case also supports the hypothesis that nonstandard employment (part-time, temporary, and fixed term) increases workers’ exposure to bad job characteristics.