Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Different Fates of Young Star Clusters after Gas Expulsion

We identify structures of the young star cluster NGC 2232 in the solar neighborhood (323.0 pc) and a newly discovered star cluster, LP 2439 (289.1 pc). Member candidates are identified using the Gaia DR2 sky position, parallax, and proper-motion data by an unsupervised machine-learning method, StarGO. Member contamination from the Galactic disk is further removed using the color–magnitude diagram. The four identified groups (NGC 2232, LP 2439, and two filamentary structures) of stars are coeval with an age of 25 Myr and were likely formed in the same giant molecular cloud. We correct the distance asymmetry from the parallax error with a Bayesian method. The 3D morphology shows the two spherical distributions of clusters NGC 2232 and LP 2439. Two filamentary structures are spatially and kinematically connected to NGC 2232. Both NGC 2232 and LP 2439 are expanding. The expansion is more significant in LP 2439, generating a loose spatial distribution with shallow volume number and mass density profiles. The expansion is suggested to be mainly driven by gas expulsion. With 73% of the cluster mass bound, NGC 2232 is currently experiencing a process of revirialization, However, LP 2439, with 52% of the cluster mass unbound, may fully dissolve in the near future. The different survivability traces the different dynamical states of NGC 2232 and LP 2439 prior to the onset of gas expulsion. While NGC 2232 may have been substructured and subvirial, LP 2439 may have either been virial/supervirial or experienced a much faster rate of gas removal.
Retrospective Study of Bone Grafting Procedures Before Implant Placement

Aim:The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate morbidity and possible complications in augmentation procedures before implant placement. Methods:Records from 93 consecutive patients with indication for autogenous bone grafting before implant placement, treated at Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology of Uberlândia Federal University, in a 7-year period (July 2000 until July 2007), were reviewed. The need for bone grafting was defined by the impossibility of installing implants of adequate length or diameter to fulfill prosthetic requirements or for aesthetic reasons. Results:A total of 136 bone grafting procedures were performed. The mandibular external oblique line and ascending ramus were the most frequently used donor areas (59.64%) and block grafts (67.64%) were the most frequently used type of graft, frequently from the mandibular external oblique line/ascending ramus (52.18%). Platelet-rich plasma was used in 20.1% of all procedures, usually associated with particulate bone grafts. Maxillary procedures represented the majority of surgeries (75%), but with fewer complications compared with the mandible. Sinus mucosa perforation was the most frequent complication in maxillary procedures, whereas graft exposure was the most common complication in mandible. Conclusions:Alveolar reconstruction using autogenous bone followed by implant placement is a reliable treatment for patients with insufficient bone. Complications and morbidity were frequently observed. However, in only 6.6% of all procedures, the final rehabilitation with dental implants was not possible.
Methylation of Histone H3 on Lysine 4 by the Lysine Methyltransferase SET1 Protein Is Needed for Normal Clock Gene Expression*

Background: Eukaryotic circadian clocks require chromatin modifications and remodeling. Results: SET1 is required for proper expression of the Neurospora clock gene frequency (frq). SET1 modifies chromatin at frq with the peak in H3K4me3 occurring after the peak in activation. Conclusion: H3K4 methylation appears to mitigate White Collar complex (WCC)-mediated expression. Significance: Chromatin is a key component underlying circadian oscillations in gene expression. The circadian oscillator controls time-of-day gene expression by a network of interconnected feedback loops and is reset by light. The requisite for chromatin regulation in eukaryotic transcription necessitates temporal regulation of histone-modifying and chromatin-remodeling enzymes for proper clock function. CHD1 is known to bind H3K4me3 in mammalian cells, and Neurospora CHD1 is required for proper regulation of the frequency (frq) gene. Based on this, we examined a strain lacking SET1 to determine the role of H3K4 methylation in clock- and light-mediated frq regulation. Expression of frq was altered in strains lacking set1 under both circadian- and light-regulated gene expression. There is a delay in the phasing of H3K4me3 relative to the peak in frq expression. White Collar 2 (WC-2) association with the frq promoter persists longer in Δset1, suggesting a more permissible chromatin state. Surprisingly, SET1 is required for DNA methylation in the frq promoter, indicating a dependence on H3K4me for DNA methylation. The data support a model where SET1 is needed for proper regulation by modulating chromatin at frq.
Benign Overfitting and Noisy Features

Abstract Modern machine learning models often exhibit the benign overfitting phenomenon, which has recently been characterized using the double descent curves. In addition to the classical U-shaped learning curve, the learning risk undergoes another descent as we increase the number of parameters beyond a certain threshold. In this article, we examine the conditions under which benign overfitting occurs in the random feature (RF) models, that is, in a two-layer neural network with fixed first layer weights. Adopting a novel view of random features, we show that benign overfitting emerges because of the noise residing in such features. The noise may already exist in the data and propagates to the features, or it may be added by the user to the features directly. Such noise plays an implicit yet crucial regularization role in the phenomenon. In addition, we derive the explicit tradeoff between the number of parameters and the prediction accuracy, and for the first time demonstrate that overparameterized model can achieve the optimal learning rate in the minimax sense. Finally, our results indicate that the learning risk for overparameterized models has multiple, instead of double descent behavior, which is empirically verified in recent works. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Prediction Algorithms for Improving Network Lifetime in WSNs

: The localized, self organizing, robust, scalable and energy-efficient data aggregation tree approaches for sensor networks, is called as Localized Power-Efficient Data Aggregation Protocols (L-PEDAPs). L-PEDAPs are based on LMST and RNG topologies, which can be estimated minimum spanning tree and can be computed efficiently using only position or distance information of one-hop neighbors. In order to use the sensor networks for long duration an efficient utilization of energy is essential because the sensor nodes are battery driven. The routing tree is constructed over these topologies and also considers different parent selection strategies. Then compare each topology and parent selection strategy and conclude that the best among them is the shortest path strategy over LMST structure. To reduce data traffic inside sensor networks, reduce the amount of data that need to send to base station. The main goal of data aggregation algorithms is to gather and aggregate data in an energy efficient manner so that network lifetime is enhanced. To propose a new algorithm to evaluate the node lifetime and the link lifetime utilizing the dynamic nature, such as the energy drain rate and the relative mobility estimation rate of nodes. The proposed solution is furthermore adapted to consider the node lifetime and link lifetime prediction algorithm in order to increase the network lifetime.
Diagnostic Utility of CD10 in Benign and Malignant Extrahepatic Bile Duct Lesions

CD10, a cell surface enzyme with neutral metalloendopeptidase activity, is a marker for intestinal epithelial brush border. It is also present in normal bile ducts and gallbladder epithelia but is absent in cholangiocarcinomas. However, the expression profile of CD10 in benign and malignant extrahepatic biliary lesions has not been studied. In this study, 69 biopsies, 9 resections, and 9 cell blocks prepared from fine-needle aspirations of the extrahepatic bile ducts from 86 patients were studied immunohistochemically for CD10 expression. The majority of cases contained normal biliary epithelium (NL, n=64), along with foci of benign or malignant lesions in various combinations. Benign lesions included reactive atypia (n=35), low-grade dysplasia of unknown significance (n=21), and bile duct adenoma (BDA, n=1). Malignant lesions included high-grade dysplasia (HGD, n=45) and invasive adenocarcinoma (IC, n=30). As expected, the NL showed strong continuous staining at the apical surface in all cases. Benign lesions were also CD10 positive in all but 3 cases; however, the staining pattern was discontinuous, with positive cells varying from 20% to 80%. None of the malignant lesions showed CD10 immunoreactivity, except for 2 HGD cases and 1 IC case, which exhibited focal staining. The Pearson &khgr;2 and Fisher exact tests showed significant statistical difference in CD10 expression among the study groups (P<0.001). Our findings suggest that absence of CD10 expression in strips of atypical biliary epithelial cells may be a phenotype associated with malignant transformation and may serve as a useful marker to aid in the evaluation of bile duct biopsies, in which distinction between benign and malignant lesions on biopsies or cytology specimens can be extremely challenging because of limited sampling, crush artifact, and frequent inflammatory/reactive changes.
BSE and Prions: Uncertainties About the Agent

A group of brain diseases, including BSE (or mad cow disease) and Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease of humans, are transmitted by "prions. " In his Perspective, Cheseboro outlines the evidence that prions are composed only of protein (an idea advanced by recent Nobel Prize winner Stanley Prusiner) and the evidence against that hypothesis. He cautions against complacency regarding the obstacles remaining in the field, since, he believes, the central core of the problem remains unresolved.
Direct evidence for neurogenic inflammation and its prevention by denervation and by pretreatment with capsaicin.

The question of the role played by the sensory nerves in the mechanism of the inflammatory response arose at the beginning of this century. Bruce (1910, 1913) found, for the conjunctiva of rabbits and the skin of cats, and Breslauer (1919), for human skin, that after transection of the sensory nerve the hyperaemia and oedema caused by mustard oil failed to occur if the nerve had degenerated. The above experiments, as well as the classical investigations of Bayliss (1901, 1923), Lewis (1927) and Krogh (1929) led to the assumption that neurogenic inflammatory reactions are based on the axon reflexes taking place in the end branchings of the sensory nerves. The flare component of the triple response of human skin was also explained by an axon reflex (Lewis & Grant, 1924). Later, several authors who examined various inflammatory tests in animal experiments could not confirm that the nervous system played a role in the induction of the inflammation (Shimura, 1924; Jasmin, 1956; Heite & Holand, 1956; Hertting & Stoklaska, 1958). Thus the problem of neurogenic inflammation, which once the foreground of interest, almost entirely neglected in modem research and, recent years, experimental work has been confined mainly to the study of axon reflex flare in human skin (Chapman, capsaicin, the pungent principle the problem of neurogenic pain receptors buthalitone anaesthesia the top of the skull was trepanned and through the hole the bipolar electrode was inserted vertically so that the nerve was situated between the tips of the needles. The coordinates of the top of the electrode were: posterior= 1-2.5, lateral= 2-2.2, vertical=11-12.5 mm related to the centre of intersection of the sagittal and coronary sutures. The nerve was stimulated for 20 min by rectangular pulses, in most cases with a voltage of 3 V, a duration of 0.8 msec and a frequency of 200/sec. Animals were kept warm by means of an infra-red lamp. After each experiment the skull was opened and the location of the electrodes was established.
Energy Efficiency and Scalability of Metallic Nanoparticle Production Using Arc/Spark Discharge

The increased global demand for metallic nanoparticles for an ever growing number of applications has given rise to a need for larger scale and more efficient nanoparticle (NP) production processes. In this paper one such process is evaluated from the viewpoints of scalability and energy efficiency. Multiple setups of different scale of an arc/spark process were evaluated for energy efficiency and scalability using exergy analysis, heat loss evaluation and life cycle impact assessment, based on data collected from EU FP7 project partners. The energy efficiency of the process is quite low, with e.g., a specific electricity consumption (SEC) of producing ~80 nm copper NP of 180 kWh/kg while the thermodynamic minimum energy need is 0.03 kWh/kg. This is due to thermal energy use characteristics of the system. During scale-up of the process the SEC remained similar to that of smaller setups. Loss of NP mass in the tubing of larger setups gives a lower material yield. The variation in material yield has a significant impact on the life cycle impact for the produced NP in both the Human Health and Ecosystem Quality categories while the impact is smaller in the Global Warming and Resource Depletion categories.
Seasonal and urban effects on the endocrinology of a wild passerine

Abstract In order to maximize their fitness, organisms in seasonal environments rely on external cues to optimally time their life‐history stages. One of the most important zeitgeber to time reproduction is the photoperiod, but further environmental cues are assessed to fine‐tune reproduction due to year‐to‐year variation in environmental conditions. However, in urbanized environments, the pervasive artificial light at night has altered the natural signal of light and darkness. Accordingly, artificial light at night was repeatedly shown to affect avian reproductive physiology and to advance seasonal reproduction in birds. However, these experiments were mainly conducted in the absence of further environmental cues to facilitate the investigation of the mechanisms which are still poorly understood. Here, we investigate whether the endocrine system of free‐ranging European blackbirds (Turdus merula) correlates with the amount of artificial light at night along a rural to urban gradient while the birds still encounter complementary environmental cues including seasonal variation in day length and temperature. Testosterone and estrone were assessed as metabolites in fecal samples and corticosterone in blood from mist‐netted blackbirds. We demonstrate that seasonal fluctuations in abiotic factors, individual conditions, but also light at night affect the reproductive and stress physiology of wild European blackbirds. Elevated artificial night light intensities were significantly positively correlated with corticosterone and negatively with female estrone levels. No effects of artificial light were found for testosterone levels. Our results suggest that female blackbirds in particular perceive even low levels of artificial light at night as a weak but chronic stressor that interacts with the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal axis and leads to a reduced secretion of reproductive hormones. These findings point out that the impacts of light pollution are diverse and we only slowly disentangle its multiple effects on physiology, ecology, and biodiversity.
Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression in the Cerebral Cortex of Patients with Epilepsy

Purpose: Nitric oxide (NO), a short‐lived radical synthesized from L‐arginine by activation of the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS), has been implicated in the pathophysiology of epilepsy by some investigators. However, the current data about NO and NOS in epilepsy are controversial and are derived only from animal models of epilepsy. In this study we investigated possible changes in NOS expression in the cerebral cortex of patients with epilepsy.
Men’s Preferences for Sexually Transmitted Infection Care Services in a Low-Income Community Clinic Setting in New York City

A self-administered anonymous waiting room survey was used to evaluate men’s preferences on testing, notification, and treatment for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in a community clinic in Upper Manhattan in 2007. Sixty-seven percent of eligible men (n = 199) participated. Most were willing to collect a urine sample at home (71%, n = 140) or at the clinic (87%, n = 171). Respondents preferred learning of a positive STI test result by phone (67%, n = 123). However, men were willing to receive results by text (65%, n = 127) or e-mail (61%, n = 121). Most (83%, n = 162) reported they would be (very) likely to take STI medication brought to them by a partner. Twenty-one percent reported previous gonorrhea or Chlamydia infection (n = 41). Of these, 39% (n = 16) had received medication to bring their partner, and almost all (n = 14/16) reported their partner took the medicine. Multiple options for STI testing, notification, and treatment are recommended to maximize service use among men, including providing patient-delivered partner therapy.
Antenna Arrays Design and Calibration for 4×4 Mobile MIMO Channel Sounding at 3.5 GHZ

The use of antenna arrays at emission and reception is an attractive solution for future wireless systems in order to improve data rates and quality of service. The performance of these systems is very dependent on propagation channel. In this context, channel characterization and modeling are crucial. In this paper, we present the design and calibration of two antenna arrays for high resolution MIMO channel sounding at 3.5 GHz. This frequency band concerns wireless local loop applications. The beam patterns of these arrays are measured in anechoic chamber. A calibration algorithm is applied on these beam patterns to obtain better multi-path parameters estimation. The results obtained after applying the calibration algorithm are presented. Moreover, simulation results clearly show the calibration effect on multi-path parameter estimation.
Research of Data Processing in Mine Safty Monitoring System Based on Multisensor Information Fusion

Due to the advent of the sensor technology and communication technique, multi-sensor systems have recently attracted considerable attention, especially, those with diversified complex using background. In order to improve effectively the accuracy rate and reliability of mine safety monitoring system, a new model is proposed, which utilizes the multi-sensor information fusion theory to process multi-source data of mine monitoring system. The framework and formula of information fusion applied in mine monitoring system is given. Lots of simulations show : the primary mode of processing information and monitoring precision is improved .
Cellular mechanisms of cadmium-induced toxicity: a review

Cadmium is a widespread toxic pollutant of occupational and environmental concern because of its diverse toxic effects: extremely protracted biological half-life (approximately 20–30 years in humans), low rate of excretion from the body and storage predominantly in soft tissues (primarily, liver and kidneys). It is an extremely toxic element of continuing concern because environmental levels have risen steadily due to continued worldwide anthropogenic mobilization. Cadmium is absorbed in significant quantities from cigarette smoke, food, water and air contamination and is known to have numerous undesirable effects in both humans and animals. Cadmium has a diversity of toxic effects including nephrotoxicity, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity and endocrine and reproductive toxicities. At the cellular level, cadmium affects cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and other cellular activities. Current evidence suggests that exposure to cadmium induces genomic instability through complex and multifactorial mechanisms. Most important seems to be cadmium interaction with DNA repair mechanism, generation of reactive oxygen species and induction of apoptosis. In this article, we have reviewed recent developments and findings on cadmium toxicology.
Specificity of Four Monoclonal Anti-Nkx6-1 Antibodies

The homeodomain transcription factor Nkx6-1 is essential for proper motor neuron development and development of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells. Nkx6-1 is closely related to Nkx6-2 and Nkx6-3, and all three are expressed in the developing central nervous system and in the developing foregut. Immunohistochemical detection of protein expression is an important tool for description of the temporal differences in expression patterns. When several gene family members like the Nkx6 factors have overlapping or juxtaposed expression domains, there is an elevated risk of unrecognized cross-reactivity, and it is therefore crucial to determine the specificities of antibodies against such targets. In this study we have determined the epitope consensus sequences of four monoclonal antibodies against Nkx6-1 using SPOT membranes, and we refined the results by combined peptide recognition and blocking assays. We show that two of the monoclonal anti-Nkx6-1 antibodies specifically recognize Nkx6-1 and do not cross-react to Nkx6-2 and Nkx6-3. The other two monoclonal anti-Nkx6-1 antibodies are specific to Nkx6-1 in mice but do not recognize Nkx6-1 in chicken and human.
Navigating the new landscape of apps: Overcoming the challenge of poor quality apps in sport and exercise medicine

When Christopher Columbus first set foot on the Americas in 1492, he stared on the landscape with wonder and trepidation. Over 400 years later, sport and exercise medicine (SEM) clinicians may feel similar emotions as they scan the landscape of smartphone apps in healthcare for patient engagement.1 ,2 Mobile apps pose challenges for patients and clinicians due to the emergent and (partially) unregulated nature of apps in healthcare. Healthcare apps represent a transient form of healthcare and are often short-lived in popularity, as the example of Pokemon Go demonstrates.3 Not all apps are well-designed, user-friendly, and importantly, many lack evidence-based content. SEM clinicians may be reluctant to recommend such apps, especially if the clinicians themselves find the apps awkward and cumbersome to use. In addition, SEM clinicians may not be familiar with the apps available for a particular condition, and thus will not be able to recommend relevant apps to patients under their care. For patients, having apps with dubious management information may delay rehabilitation, …