Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Dependência de Internet: um estudo das propriedades psicométricas da versão adaptada ao português brasileiro do Internet Addiction Test (IAT)

This work was structured in three sections that are articulated from a thematic axis sustained on the understanding that the Internet although appears to most people as an effective tool for use in formal and informal education, entertainment and professional context the potential adverse effects from its use in psychological health have not been well established. At the current stage of the academic debate problematize these situations still is a challenge to both academic and clinical level; hence the broader purpose of this work is to investigate the psychometric properties of an Internet addiction (IA) measure. This theme, decomposed generated a first part in which we sought to review the available literature on the subject looking to expand the studies about DI in the psychological assessment bias. Secondly, it was performed a review and investigation of the psychometric properties of the Internet Addiction Test- IAT evidencing its factorial validity and good reliability indices which allows its recommendation for the research field. The last section of this paper titled, IAT -Br - Revised: Evidence of Validity Based on Relationships with External Variables developed from the perspective indicated by its name, verifying the association of dependent behavior of the Internet with the amount of hours online per week, aspects of Social Skills and Personality Traits.
Increased Circulating Levels of Fibrocytes in COPD - A Sign of Ongoing Lung Repair?.

Background: COPD is characterised by small airway obstruction, emphysema and structural airway remodeling. Circulating blood fibrocytes have been implicated in the pathology in fibrotic lung disease such as Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and asthma with chronic obstruction. The aim of this study was to quantify the number of circulating fibrocytes in COPD patients and relate to medication and biomarkers. Methods: Open, cross sectional study, 33 patients with COPD (10 severe, 10 moderate, 13 mild), and 24 lung−healthy subjects (12 smokers, 12 never−smokers). Circulating fibrocytes were defined as CD34+, CD45+, Collagen1+ and a−SMA− by Flow Cytometry. Blood and urine biomarkers were measured using the Meso Scale multiplex platform, single ELISA assays or by LC−MS. Results: The number of circulating α−SMA− fibrocytes was increased in COPD compared to lung−healthy subjects; 2171 vs. 978 cells/mL, p<0.02. The highest number of fibrocytes was observed in mild COPD patients. COPD patients using inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) had lower circulating fibrocyte numbers than non−treated patients; 1339 vs. 3879 cells/mL, p<0.02. Biomarkers such as PAI−1, HGF, MMP9 and urine desmosine were also elevated in biofluids from COPD patients. PAI−1, HGF and urine desmosine showed inverse correlation with FEV1 (all subjects: p<0.001). Conclusion: The elevated number of circulating fibrocytes, particularly in mild COPD patients, suggests an ongoing active repair/fibrosis process. This is in line with elevated PAI−1 (pro−fibrotic), HGF (repair) and urinary desmosine (tissue turnover) levels. The use of ICS seems to correlate with lower levels of circulating fibrocytes. Together with relevant biomarkers, circulating fibrocyte levels might be useful for evaluating aspects of COPD pathology.
Teacher empowerment through action research

This article provides a succinct and practically focused explanation of action research. It begins with a description of what action research is and the steps in undertaking an action research study. The authors then present a case study in which a university teacher introduces an innovative approach to one of her courses in order to address a problem she perceived in that course. The article concludes with a section on evaluating action research, including a checklist for use when self-evaluating an action research proposal. The authors note that what distinguishes action research from reflective teaching is sharing, e.g. publishing, the experiences, thus opening up the research to scrutiny and comment by others.
Trends in excellent self-rated health among adolescents: A comparative Nordic study

Background: Excellent self-rated health (SRH) can be seen as an important component of positive health among adolescents. The aim of this paper is to examine time trends of excellent health among adolescents in five Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden) between 2002 and 2014, including differences between countries, gender and age. Methods: Nordic data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey (including 11-, 13and 15-year-olds) from 2002 (n = 19,009), 2006 (n = 29,656), 2010 (n = 33,232) and 2014 (n = 31,540) were analysed by design-adjusted binomial logistic regression models. Results: The trend analysis of excellent SRH for Nordic adolescents indicates a small improvement between 2002 and 2006 but a stable trend in the following periods up until 2014. The time trends do, however, depend on the specific country. In general, a smaller proportion of girls compared to boys were found to rate their health as excellent. Over time, however, the proportion of boys rating their health as excellent decreased, while girls’ ratings improved. Conclusions: From a public health perspective, indications of a changing trend in adolescent health coinciding with the 2007–2008 global recession warrant further attention from researchers and policy-makers and should be closely monitored in the future.
Students’ physical activity intensity and sedentary behaviour by physical self-concept profiles: A latent profile analysis. [Intensidad de la actividad física y comportamiento sedentario de los estudiantes por perfiles de autoconcepto físico: Un análisis de perfil latente].

AbstractAims of this study were to identify student clusters in physical appearance, sport competence, global physical self-concept and self-esteem, and to examine whether different physical self-concept groups differ in their moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behaviour. Participants of the study were 211 boys and 183 girls aged 13-16 years. MVPA and sedentary behaviour were monitored by GT3X accelerometers during seven days. Participants’ physical self-concept was measured by the short Physical Self-Description Questionnaire. Latent profile analyses revealed a four-cluster solution: 1) “low sport competence, moderate global physical self-concept and self-esteem, and high physical appearance”; 2) “high sport competence, moderate global physical self-concept and self-esteem, and low physical appearance”; 3) “moderate sport competence, global physical self-concept, self-esteem, and physical appearance”, and 4) “moderate sport competence and global physical self-concept, high self-esteem, and low physical appearance”. Multivariate analysis of variance showed differences in MVPA between boys’ in clusters 2 and 3 (p
Picturing Spanish Filmgoers: Motives, Barriers And Film Theatres

Findings on European countries show non-uniform decreasing trends of film theatres’ audiences, the decline being more severe in Spain. This research presents a multifaceted perspective of Spanish filmgoers focused on motives for and barriers to film theatres attendance. Two comprehensive scales (motives, barriers) are proposed. First, motives and barriers are optimally scaled with principal components analysis (PCA); and, second, we identify segments of filmgoers with latent class modelling (LC). PCA recommended a five-factor solution for motives (education, film popularity, film quality, social interaction, and mood) and a seven-factor solution for barriers (film offerings, venue’s features, perception, preference and place, substitute activities, financial restrictions, recreation time disposability). LC analysis suggested three segments: mainstream filmgoers who watch films in multiplexes in shopping centers and in the center of the city; art-house filmgoers; and filmgoers who go to film theatres to watch films in original version. The socioeconomic and behavioral covariates complete the profile of the clusters, and the findings are consistent with the existing evidence on film audiences. Increasing cultural participation is the objective of many governments’ cultural policies and a more comprehensive understanding of film audiences can contribute to this.
Rationality is Gendered

Shared rationality is the common ground of scientific progress. However, some theorists have arguedthat this common ground may not be level, in that subtle assumptions embedded within lay views of rationality marginalize some would-be participants. Specifically, feminist philosophers have argued that rationality is associated with male rather than female discourse. This claim has frequently been dismissed as incoherent, but a straightforward interpretation is readily available: The concept reason is semantically associated with the concept male. We support this hypothesis in four studies (total N > 900), finding that at both the explicit and implicit level, reason is preferentially associated with male, feeling is preferentially associated with female, male faces prime unrelated judgments of reason/rationality, and gendered associations are related to interest in academic disciplines as well as estimates of the (mis)representation of women within those disciplines. Implications for gender stereotyping and the representation of women in different fields are discussed.
The effects of online peer feedback supported by argumentation instruction with worked example and argumentative scripts on students’ learning outcomes

This study investigates the effects of online peer feedback supported by argumentation instruction with worked example and Argumentative scripts on students’ argumentative essay writing, argumentative feedback quality and domain-specific knowledge acquisition in the field of educational sciences. Participants were 52 students who were randomly divided over 26 dyads and randomly assigned to three conditions (unscripted peer feedback, Instruction with worked example, scripted peer feedback). To do so, an online peer feedback system was designed and developed. They were then asked to write and argumentative essay (individually), to engage in argumentative peer feedback with their learning partner (collaboratively), and finally to revise their essays based on feedback which received (individually). The findings indicate that the online peer feedback supported by argumentative scripts outperformed other two conditions in terms of argumentative essay writing, argumentative feedback quality and students’ learning. Implications, limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Animal metacognition: A decade of progress, problems, and the development of new prospects.

In 2009, a special issue of Comparative Cognition and Behavior Reviews offered a series of target articles by researchers and theorists who debated the claim that animals were capable of engaging in metacognition. That special issue outlined some of the crucial points of contention at that time, and it also pointed the way toward refinements in the approaches used in empirical work with animals. The papers in that special issue framed the debate about whether animals’ performances were better accounted for by learning mechanisms or first-order cognitive processes rather than metacognitive processes. In the decade since that special issue, substantial empirical and theoretical work has emerged on this question. This issue of Animal Behavior and Cognition presents some of that ongoing research and the new debate that it has generated. Proponents for and against claims that animals engage in metacognition offer their perspectives on existing data and what future research is needed to continue to move forward the exploration of animal metacognition. Research of the past decade has demonstrated a range of behavioral phenomena that cannot be accounted for by simply appealing to associative learning or monitoring external stimuli that serve as cues to evoke escape responses and other forms of metacognitive behaviors. However, there remain some important empirical and theoretical challenges to accepting that some animals are metacognitive (as was true also in 2009). These challenges should help frame the next decade of research, while at the same time being responsive to the full range of reported competencies shown by animals to date, and into the future.
Systemic Challenges, Stigma, and Solutions: Experiences of Black Men Who Have Sex with Men in Tennessee

Much of the research on black Men Who Have Sex with Men (BMSM) focuses on health disparities in HIV occurrence and retroantiviral medication adherence. Although important, this emphasis is often at the expense of other areas of their lives. This study endeavors to better understand systemic challenges, including stigma, and responses for a group of BMSM who reside in a moderately-sized metropolitan city in Tennessee. Focus group results, black feminism, and content analysis are used to examine their experiences and coping mechanisms. Respondents describe circumstances they associate with inequities linked to race, class, sexual orientation, gender and their intersection. Other themes emerged around: self-help; innovative family forms; and, the need for collective mobilization. Equally important was the desire for group and individual identities that do not reduce BMSM to stereotypes linked to HIV/AIDS. In addition to illustrating the usefulness of black feminism to illumine the lives of historically marginalized groups beyond women, results suggest the need for solutions that attend to the unique challenges and capacities of BMSM.
Executive Functions and Mental Attentional Capacity in Preschoolers

ABSTRACT The structure of executive functions in preschoolers is controversial. Miyake and colleagues found that, in adults, inhibition, shifting, and updating are correlated but distinguishable processes; this finding was sometimes replicated with schoolchildren. Based on schoolchildren data, Im-Bolter, Johnson, and Pascual-Leone proposed a four-component model, with mental attentional capacity and inhibition as basic resources, and shifting and updating as executive processes that partly rely on those resources. Studies on preschoolers propose either a single factor or two factors. We tested 118 children (36 to 73 months old) using measures of mental attentional capacity (Mr. Cucumber, Direction Following Task, and Backward Word Span), inhibition (Bear/Dragon and Day-Night Stroop), shifting (Dimensional Change Card Sort) and updating (Magic House). Confirmatory factor analyzes showed that the best-fitting model comprises two highly correlated factors – one loading the mental attentional capacity measures, the other loading inhibition, shifting, and updating measures. Performance in inhibition, shifting, and updating tasks showed qualitative changes with increasing attentional capacity. In preschoolers, shifting and updating seem to emerge tied to inhibition – but only when sufficient capacity enables children to perform executive control tasks. This seems consistent with Im-Bolter’s et al.’s proposal of two basic resources.
Personality and job engagement among municipal workers in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa

Orientation: Although researchers have discovered many of the beneficial and positive consequences of job engagement, little is known about the multitude of antecedent factors that lead to employee engagement such as personality.Research purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the big five personality traits and job engagement among municipal workers.Motivation for the study: The motivation of this study is to examine the relationship between personality and psychological conditions. It was premised on previous research that personality is associated with many employees’ behaviours.Research approach/design and method: The present study employed a quantitative, cross-sectional research design by using a questionnaire on a sample of 403 district municipal workers in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa.Main findings: The study findings show that openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion and agreeableness had a positive relationship with job engagement, whereas neuroticism has a negative relationship with job engagement. Municipalities and educational qualifications had an impact of job engagement.Practical/managerial implications: The study recommends managers to switch from an intervention-based focus to a selection-based focus as municipalities can maximise their resources by being able to better predict job success early in the selection process as opposed to trying to maximise the performance on a continual basis through interventions.Contribution/value-add: This study adds to an understanding of the influences of personality on work outcomes such as job engagement, giving areas for exploration in coaching or feedback interviews based on personality assessment.
Measuring and Explaining Management in Schools: New Approaches Using Public Data

Why do some students learn more in some schools than others? One consideration receiving growing attention is school management. To study this, researchers need to be able to measure school management accurately and cheaply at scale, and also explain any observed relationship between school management and student learning. This paper introduces a new approach to measurement using existing public data, and applies it to build a management index covering 15,000 schools across 65 countries, and another index covering nearly all public schools in Brazil. Both indices show a strong, positive relationship between school management and student learning. The paper then develops a simple model that formalizes the intuition that strong management practices might be driving learning gains via incentive and selection effects among teachers, students and parents. The paper shows that the predictions of this model hold in public data for Latin America, and draws out implications for policy.
“Don’t stare at it”: the component-dependent relation between cognitive control and self-control

ABSTRACT The main purpose of the study was to investigate the mechanisms of self-control involved in dealing with distraction during the goal-directed performance when facing the “goal–distractor” conflict. Seventy-four volunteers (27 men) participated in the study. A spatial working memory span task was used as a goal-directed task, with three different types of distracting pictures presented peripherally: aversive stimuli, positive temptations, and neutral distractors. The participants’ task was to focus on a spatial working memory span task while ignoring distractors. The obtained results indicate that different aspects of self-control can play specific roles in behaviour control, particularly in high engagement conditions. The results revealed that distractors, especially aversive stimuli that are irrelevant to the goal-directed task, are inhibited in the group with high scores on the inhibition and adjournment. However, such stimuli are carefully processed in groups with high scores on the initiative and persistence, and proactive control.
The effects of relationship bonds on bank employees’ psychological responses and boundary-spanning behaviors

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of relationship bonds on the psychological response and behavior of bank employees based on the job demands–resources theory. Specifically, it examines the effects of relationship bonds in terms of person–job (P–J) fit, emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction and boundary-spanning behaviors, all of which comprise the behavioral dimensions of bank employees. In addition, the study examines how the resiliency of bank employees influences their emotional exhaustion and determines whether a moderating effect related to emotional exhaustion exists. Design/methodology/approach To achieve this aim, data were collected from 365 customer-facing banking employees in South Korea. Reliability, validity and the hypotheses were verified through structural equation modeling; any moderating effects were identified using the bootstrap method and the process model. Findings Study results showed that financial, structural, internal social and external social bonds – the bonds pertaining to relationship elements – have positive effects on P–J fit. P–J fit influenced emotional exhaustion negatively and job satisfaction positively. Furthermore, emotional exhaustion negatively influenced job satisfaction. Job satisfaction had positive effects on service delivery, external representation and internal influence, the elements comprising boundary-spanning behavior. Finally, resiliency was shown to lower emotional exhaustion but revealed no moderating effect. Originality/value First, this study examined relationship bonds, which reference relationship marketing when introducing organizational resources that influence the psychological and behavioral responses of bank employees. Second, this study introduced resiliency as a personal resource and clarified the way it applies to an individual’s psychological response. Third, existing literature has been limited to conducting fragmented research of the psychological factors that intervene in predisposing factors and job outcomes. This study makes a unique contribution by establishing a psychological response process.
Exploring stress and conformity to feminine norms as drivers of the glass ceiling effect. A study among female employees in the Technological Sector

There has been an increased interest in the last few decades in the study of gender inequality and in particular on its implications in the workplace. Most research has focused on investigating whether concepts such as the glass ceiling effect actually exists. However, few studies have focused on what are its possible drivers. For that reason, this paper aims to investigate whether stress and conformity to feminine norms are possibly two of the invisible drivers of the glass ceiling effect. This will be explored by measuring if there is a relationship between the participant’s level of conformity to feminine norms and their level of stress, and by measuring the existence of a relationship between their position (managers/non managers) and both their levels of conformity to feminine norms and stress. Through a cross sectional quantitative research, 30 females in managerial positions and 63 females in regular positions, all of them working in the Technological sector, completed the Conformity to Feminine Norms Inventory (CFNI) (used to determine their perception of female social gender) and The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14) (used to measure their level of stress). The findings show that there is no relation between the levels of conformity and the levels of stress of the females in this sample, neither are there significant differences in the results obtained by both managers and non-managers in either the CFNI nor the PSS-14. In conclusion, the results don’t support the hypothesis suggested in this study, that is, it cannot be said that stress and conformity to feminine norms are drivers of the glass ceiling effect. Hence, more research is needed to determine what its drivers actually are which will help to understand why it happens and, in turn, will help to address the issue.