Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The acquisition of relative clauses by Tamil children

This paper reports the findings of a cross-sectional study that investigated the acquisition of relative clauses by 27 Tamil-speaking children, who ranged in age from 2;11 to 6;6. A picture-cued production task was used to elicit relative clauses from the child subjects. An analysis of the subjects' responses revealed that children below the age of 5;0 relativized significantly less often than the older children; furthermore, when they did produce relative clauses, they exhibited a strong preference for the tag relative and produced significantly fewer participial relatives than the older children. The findings also indicated that the younger children produced a significantly greater number of pragmatically inappropriate responses than the older children. It is argued that the observed age-related differences in Tamil children's relativizations very likely stem from performance factors and that the younger children are probably not inferior to the older children with respect to their grammatical and pragmatic competence.
Simulation of price-sensitive resource brokering and the hybrid pricing model with DGAS-Sim

DGAS-Sim(ulator) is a simulation tool, written in Java, for the workload management system architecture of the European DataGrid project. It simulates mainly the components involved in the job scheduling process, including parts of the DataGrid Accounting System. Its purpose is to study the impact of different resource pricing schemes and resource brokering strategies on workload balancing. This paper presents some simulation results based on a price-sensitive utility function (the resource broker always chooses the most economic computing element) and the hybrid pricing model (fixed base prices and linear price adjustments within fixed variation limits to reflect the current workload of the computing element or worker node).
A low-cost , end-to-end virtual reality concept From capture to viewing on mobile devices

Our project presents a low-cost, end-to-end virtual reality solution which handles capture of virtual reality video, processing/stitching VR video and lastly, end-user viewing on mobile phones. In this report we discuss the methods and design considerations, largely driven by minimizing equipment costs and development time, all in consideration of increasing accessibility of VR content generation to consumers, artists, hobbyists and low-budget productions. We also explore the issue of organizing virtual reality experiences towards a particular application. Currently, VR content is presented in fairly disorganized collections on YouTube, Facebook and other outlets. We also discuss our prototype mobile app, Exhibit, that hones VR technology to a particular application for enhancing the real-estate experience. Keywords—virtual reality, computer vision, multi-camera systems, camera calibration, light-field, homography, feature matching, projective geometry, ionic framework, 3D-printing, computer-aided design, LTEX.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 infection and fusion of CD4-negative human cell lines: induction and enhancement by soluble CD4

We describe human immunodeficiency type 2 (HIV-2) strains which induce cell-to-cell fusion and infect certain CD4- human cell lines. Soluble CD4 (sCD4) induces or enhances fusion by most HIV-2 strains tested. Soluble CD4-immunoglobulin G chimeras and conjugates of sCD4 and antibody to the third domain of CD4 block HIV-2 fusion of CD4- cells. We conclude that HIV-2 can enter CD4- cells via an alternative cell surface receptor to CD4. While some strains entered efficiently, others retained a dependency on an interaction with sCD4 to initiate changes in the virion envelope required for membrane fusion.
Macroscopic changes in the distal ends of the third metacarpal and metatarsal bones of Thoroughbred racehorses with condylar fractures.

OBJECTIVE To determine changes in the distal ends of the third metacarpal and metatarsal bones (MCIII and MTIII) of Thoroughbred racehorses that had sustained a catastrophic condylar fracture during high-speed exercise. SAMPLE POPULATION Fractured and contralateral MCIIIs and MTIIIs from 11 Thoroughbred racehorses that sustained a displaced condylar fracture during racing, both MCIIIs from 5 Thoroughbred racehorses euthanatized because of a catastrophic injury other than a condylar fracture, and both MCIIIs from 5 horses of other breeds that had not been professionally trained or raced. PROCEDURE Macroscopic observations were made of the distal ends of the bones before and after digestion of the articular cartilage with NaOH. RESULTS In all 11 racehorses with a displaced condylar fracture, the fracture was associated with a branching array of cracks in the condylar groove. In this region, fracture margins were smooth, and there was loss of subchondral bone. Comminution of the dorsal cortex was also seen. Parasagittal linear wear lines in the articular cartilage, erosions in the articular cartilage of the condyles, loss of the underlying subchondral bone, and cracking of condylar grooves were all more severe in the Thoroughbred racehorses than in the horses that had not been professionally trained or raced. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggest that condylar fractures in horses are pathologic fatigue or stress fractures that arise from a preexisting, branching array of cracks in the condylar groove of the distal end of MCIII or MTIII.
Intraocular and serum cytokine profiles in patients with intermediate uveitis

Purpose To study the intraocular and serum cytokine and chemokine profile in patients with intermediate uveitis (IU) at various stages of inflammatory activity. Methods Institutional, prospective association study. Paired aqueous humor (AqH) and serum samples were collected from 36 consecutive IU patients and 10 controls. The concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, CC - chemokine ligand 5/regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed, and secreted (CCL5/RANTES), CC - chemokine ligand 3/macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha (CCL3/MIP-1α), CCL4/MIP-1β, and CC - chemokine ligand 2/monocyte chemotactic protein - 1 (CCL2/MCP-1) were measured in both AqH and serum by multiplex immunoassay. Main outcome measures were serum and intraocular levels of the analyzed cyto- and chemokines. Results Patients with IU had higher serum levels of TNF-α than non-uveitic controls (p<0.0001), whereas their AqH TNF-α levels did not show a difference (p=0.323). IU patients had higher intraocular levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70 and CCL2/MCP-1 than the controls (p=0.020, 0.001, <0.0001, 0.005, 0.003, and 0.003, respectively). Active stages of IU were characterized by higher levels of IL-6, IL-8, CCL5/RANTES and CCL2/MCP-1 (p=0.003, <0.0001, 0.033, and 0.033, respectively). Higher levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were found in IU patients with cystoid macular edema (CME) compared to non-CME IU patients (p=0.026 and 0.012, respectively). Significant positive correlations between various observed mediators were present in the AqH of IU patients only. Conclusions Significantly elevated concentrations of multiple intraocular cytokines were found in IU patients, especially IL-6 and IL-8 in those with CME and active disease. In serum elevated TNF-α levels were observed in IU patients. Our findings improve the understanding of the pathogenesis of IU and contribute to the identification of factors which may contribute to the activity of IU.
The insulin-like growth factor-I receptor as an oncogene

The insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) mediates the biological actions of both IGF-I and IGF-II. The IGF-IR is expressed in most transformed cells, where it displays potent antiapoptotic, cell-survival, and transforming activities. IGF-IR expression is a fundamental prerequisite for the acquisition of a malignant phenotype, as suggested by the finding that IGF-IR-null cells (derived from IGF-IR knock-out embryos) are unable to undergo transformation when exposed to cellular or viral oncogenes. This review article will focus on the underlying molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the normal, physiological control of IGF-IR gene expression, as well as the cellular pathways that underlie its aberrant expression in cancer. Examples from the clinics will be presented, including a description of how the IGF system is involved in breast, prostate, pediatric, and gynecological cancers. Finally, current attempts to target the IGF-IR as a therapeutic approach will be described.
II , Phase I Quarterly Progress Report ( Q 4 ) October 2017 Project : A Cyberbullying Early-Warning and Response System

Highlights: The key accomplishments achieved during Phase I of this Nayar Prize II project are as follows: (1.) Conducted dozens of interviews with parents, school administrators, and law enforcement to understand where cyberbullying takes place, what types of cyberbullying are the most important to detect, who is the most appropriate person to alert, and how the output of a forecasting system should be communicated to relevant stakeholders. (2.) Collected more than 15 million comments from more than 400,000 Instagram posts, of which more than 30,000 comments have been manually annotated for the presence of cyberbullying content to train and validate the forecasting model. (3.) Designed and implemented several competing machine learning models to forecast the presence and intensity of cyberbullying in Instagram posts. The best method is able to predict the appearance of a hostile comment on a post ten or more hours in the future with 77% accuracy and can furthermore distinguish between high and low levels of future hostility with 87% accuracy. (4.) Designed and implemented a web-based user interface that allows parents to monitor the Instagram accounts of their children’s online community and receive alerts of imminent cyberbullying threats. The prototype is accessible at http://nayar.casmlab. org with the username “libbyh@gmail.com” and password “password”. (5.) Submitted one NSF proposal and one computer science research article based on this work, with a second NSF proposal under development.
New 3GPP Standard for IoT [Mobile Radio]

A major milestone was achieved in the Third-Generation Partnership Project's (3GPP's) Radio Access Network Plenary Meeting 69 with the decision to standardize the narrowband (NB) Internet of Things (IoT), a new NB radio technology to address the requirements of the IoT. The new technology will provide improved indoor coverage, support of a massive number of low-throughput devices, low delay sensitivity, ultralow device cost, low device power consumption, and optimized network architecture. The technology can be deployed in-band, utilizing resource blocks within a normal long-term evolution (LTE) carrier, or in the unused resource blocks within an LTE carrier's guard-band, or stand alone for deployments in dedicated spectrum. The NB-IoT is also particularly suitable for the refarming of Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) channels.
The retinae of Prototherian mammals possess neuronal types that are characteristic of non-mammalian retinae

Abstract This study has shown that the retinae of Prototherian (egg-laying) mammals possess two neuronal types that are present in non-mammalian retinae, but absent or morphologically different in the retinae of Eutherian (placental) mammals. First, endogenous serotonin-like immunoreactivity has been localized in a population of presumptive amacrine cells in the platypus retina, the first such report in a mammalian retina. Second, the protein kinase C-immunoreactive (PKC-IR) bipolar cells in the echidna retina appear similar to the PKC-IR bipolars in the chicken retina, in that their dendrites give rise to a Landolt's club and their axons are multistratified. By contrast, the PKC-IR rod bipolar cells in the rabbit and in the brushtail possum, a Metatherian (marsupial) mammal, have no Landolt's clubs and their axons form terminal lobes in the innermost stratum of the inner plexiform layer.
Discovering Frequent Event Patterns with Multiple Granularities in Time Sequences

An important usage of time sequences is to discover temporal patterns. The discovery process usually starts with a user specified skeleton, called an event structure, which consists of a number of variables representing events and temporal constraints among these variables; the goal of the discovery is to find temporal patterns, i.e., instantiations of the variables in the structure that appear frequently in the time sequence. The paper introduces event structures that have temporal constraints with multiple granularities, defines the pattern discovery problem with these structures, and studies effective algorithms to solve it. The basic components of the algorithms include timed automata with granularities (TAGs) and a number of heuristics. The TAGs are for testing whether a specific temporal pattern, called a candidate complex event type, appears frequently in a time sequence. Since there are often a huge number of candidate event types for a usual event structure, heuristics are presented aiming at reducing the number of candidate event types and reducing the time spent by the TAGs testing whether a candidate type does appear frequently in the sequence. These heuristics exploit the information provided by explicit and implicit temporal constraints with granularity in the given event structure. The paper also gives the results of an experiment to show the effectiveness of the heuristics on a real data set.
The usefulness of brain natriuretic peptide level in diagnosis and prognosis of patients admitted to critical care unit with shortness of breath

Background: Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) is a polypeptide secreted by the ventricles as a response to cardio-myocyte stretching. Due to its cardiac origin and correlation with volume overload it has been successfully used for a long time in diagnosing and prognosticating Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, an attempt was made to observe any correlation between admission BNP levels with APACHE II scores and length of ICU stay, in patients admitted with dyspnea to the ICU of a community based hospital. Results/Conclusion: This study showed no significant correlation between length of stay in an ICU and admission BNP levels in dyspneic patients. Independent variables such as age and gender failed to show any coorelation either.
Book Review: Intersection and Decomposition Algorithms for Planar Arrangements, by Pankaj K. Agarwal. (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1991 . xvii+277 pp . $39.50 cloth. ISBN 0-521-40446-0)

This book encapsulates perfectly the primary concerns and methods in the field of Computational Geometry at the start of the 1990's . It illustrates, as well as any piece of work, the deep and beautiful connections between combinatorics, geometry, and efficient algorithms . The book is a (light) revision of Agarwal 's 1989 NYU PhD thesis, supervised by Micha . Sharir . Like most theses, it focuses on the new contributions and the technical difficulties i n achieving them . There is less history, context, and consequences than a research monograp h might offer . Nevertheless, within the thesis-writing genre, and given the technical nature of the topic, the writing is remarkably clear . `The book contains four major theoretical contributions, and a host of related result s and applications . The first result (joint work with Sharir and Peter Shor) r establishes new bounds on the complexity of Davenport-Schinzel sequences . Atallah was the first to notic e their relevance to computational geometry, and Sharir was the first to show that their lengt h is definitely (but only slightly) super-linear . Exact bounds were known previously only for s < 3 . Agarwal proves tight bounds on 1 (n.), and nearly-tight bounds for A s (n) for s > 4 . The A4 bound provides, for example. an upper bound on the number of arcs bounding th e exterior face of an arrangement of ellipses in the plane . The subscript 4 refers to the numbe r of times a pair of ellipses can cross . Agarwa.l ' s result is that A 4 (n) O(n2' ( " ) ) . Here o(n.) i s the inverse of Ackerman 's function, and is a constant for all practical purposes, although i t does grow ever so slowly . For general s, his result is that As (n) is very nearly 0*(n2') wit h
Plasmids coding for colonization factor antigens I and II, heat-labile enterotoxin, and heat-stable enterotoxin A2 in Escherichia coli

Colonization factor antigens I and II (CFA/I and CFA/II) are important in the pathogenesis of diarrhea in humans caused by some enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Plasmid DNA from 16 CFA/I+ and five CFA/II+ ETEC were examined by Southern blot analysis with enterotoxin gene probes and were compared with plasmid DNA from derivatives of the same ETEC that had lost the ability to produce these colonization factors. Among the 16 CFA/I+ ETEC strains, the loss of CFA/I was accompanied by the loss of a plasmid of between 34 and 68 megadaltons (MDa) coding for heat-stable enterotoxin A2 (ST-A2) in 12 strains, by the loss of a 60-MDa plasmid coding for heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) and ST-A2 in one strain, or by deletions of a segment of DNA encoding for ST-A2 in three strains. Among five CFA/II+ ETEC strains, the loss of CFA/II was associated with the loss of a plasmid of 75 MDa coding for LT and ST-A2 in three strains, with the loss of genes coding for LT and ST-A2 from a 68-MDa plasmid in one strain, or with no discernible loss of a plasmid or DNA sequences coding for enterotoxins in the remaining strain. The loss of CFA/I and CFA/II production was associated with the loss of DNA sequences encoding for ST-A2 in 20 of 21 ETEC examined.
The Relationship between Levels of Equity-Based Incentives and Company Performance -An Empirical Study Based on China Listed Companies after Equity Division Reform

Sampled on listed companies which implemented equity incentives after equity division reform, this paper studied the relationship between levels of equity-based incentives and company performance, which is represented by market and integrated accounting performance. We find that a significant difference of companies’ performance after giving executive equity-based incentive. Moreover, there’s a significantly positive relationship between companies’ performance and the levels of restricted stock incentive, but there’s a non-significantly positive relationship between companies’ performance and the levels of stock option incentive. At the same time, the findings also revealed a number of issues in China's securities market, as well as internal governance structure of listed companies. Keywords-the level of equity incentives; performancebased accounting; Tobin Q; principal component analysis
Case studies and results of the E-Price approach in power systems

This paper presents the simulation results of a model for the validation of market designs and algorithms for power balancing. The simulations were performed as one of the final deliverables of the E-Price project. The market design under simulation includes the introduction of double sided markets for ancillary services for power balancing, in which balance responsible parties have the possibility to hedge their position in terms of energy balance. The model, which includes both day-ahead and real-time decisions, has been exposed to imbalances of three categories. These imbalances are power plant trips, wind power forecasting errors and wind power fluctuations. As such it is evaluated how the proposed power balancing mechanisms perform. The simulations show that the proposed double sided market for ancillary services gives proper incentives to balance responsible parties to minimize their imbalance as well as to provide available resources to the balancing systems in place.
Treatment of Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy

Drug treatment of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is mainly based on clinical experience and prospective and retrospective studies, with little evidence from randomized clinical trials. There are almost no head‐to‐head comparisons between old and new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Valproate is the drug of the first choice in men with JME. In women, lamotrigine (LTG) should be preferred regarding teratogenicity and side effects of valproate. Levetiracetam (LEV) is also effective. Recent data suggest that it may soon be used as first line treatment. Some AEDs can aggravate JME. In addition to AEDs, nonpharmacological treatments are important in JME. JME usually requires lifelong treatment because seizures nearly always return after withdrawal of therapy.
OOWS: un mètode dirigit per models per al desanvolupament d'aplicacions web.

Internet se ha convertido por meritos propios en el medio de comunicacion por excelencia. La velocidad con la que se puede intercambiar informacion unida a la eliminacion de las barreras geogra? cas y tecnologicas han convertido a Internet en la plataforma preferida para divulgar el conocimiento y hacer negocios. Para llevar a cabo el desarrollo de aplicaciones software en estos entornos, han aparecido numerosas aproximaciones que aplican lo que se conoce como Ingenieria Web. Estas aproximaciones de? nen processos de desarrollo y extensiones conceptuales basadas en modelos, orientadas a la construccion de aplicaciones web. Por otro lado estan los principios del Desarrollo Dirigido por Modelos donde se proporcionan marcos conceptuales y entornos que permiten construir processos de desarrollo con generacion de codigo a partir de modelos. Bajo esta perspectiva se enmarca esta tesis, en la que se de? ne OOWS, un entorno de produccion de software para la web que aplica los principios que se proponen en la Ingenieria Web y en el Desarrollo Dirigido por Modelos. Este entorno de? ne un proceso de desarrollo en base a unos modelos conceptuales extendidos con caracteristicas web y una estrategia para obtener automaticamente la aplicacion web a partir de estos modelos OOWS. Para dar suporte a esta aproximacion se ha construido una herramienta que permite editar y gestionar estos modelos conceptuales web, y que implementa las transformaciones que permiten obtener un prototipo de la aplicacion web a partir de estos modelos.
Water Oxidation Catalysis using Amorphous Manganese Oxides, Octahedral Molecular Sieves (OMS-2), and Octahedral Layered (OL-1) Manganese Oxide Structures

Water oxidation is the bottleneck in artificial photosynthetic systems that aim to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. However, water oxidation occurs readily in plants, catalyzed by the Mn4O4Ca manganese cluster. In addition to this, manganese minerals are ubiquitous in nature displaying layered and tunnel structures. In this study, mixed valent porous amorphous manganese oxides (AMO), along with cryptomelane type tunnel manganese oxides (OMS-2) and layered birnessite (OL-1) have been used as water oxidation catalysts. Significantly higher turnovers were obtained with AMO (290 mmol O2/mol Mn) compared to tunnel structure OMS-2 (110 mmol O2/mol Mn) and layered structure OL-1 (27 mmol O2/mol Mn) in water oxidation tests with Ce4+. Oxygen evolution was also confirmed under photochemical conditions using Ru(bpy)3 2+ as a photosensitizer and persulfate as a sacrificial agent. The differences in catalytic activity among these catalysts have been probed using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscop.