Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Comparative Elevation in Water Temperature Induces Somatic Growth and Rapid Proliferation of Gonadal Germ Cells in Three Species of Carp

The eastern Himalayan region, hot spot for fish biodiversity, is characterized by extreme climate and low water temperature. The poor somatic growth and delayed gonadal maturation in carp due to low temperature add considerably to the expense of producing fish from aquaculture. This study examines the response (somatic growth and gonadal maturation) of three carp species (Hypopthalmichthys molitrix, Cirrhinus mrigala and Labeo bata) to low and elevated water temperature. The effectiveness of the water temperature on fishes was assessed by weight gain, gonadal index (GSI), histology, and germ cell count. This study revealed a significant increase in body weight and gonadal index in all the three species from warm water at the end of one year culture period. Further, at the end of 12 months culture period, males from all the three species from greenhouse pond appeared to have prominent cysts of spermatogonia and other active spermatogenic stages and females have large cysts of oogonia interspread with oocytes at various stages of follicular development, a condition not observed in any fish species from the low water temperature. These results suggesting that elevation in water temperature, greenhouse as in this case, in fish ponds of eastern Himalayan region could tremendously benefit the aquaculture in terms of growth enhancement and brood stock development in considerably short period.
Increased IL-17 and IL-6 Transcripts in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells: Implication for a Robust Proinflammatory Response in Early Stages of Breast Cancer

Background : Several recent studies demonstrated that transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), by stimulating T regulatory cells, and interleukins 6 and 17 (IL-6, IL- 17), by inducing inflammatory reactions, may be critical factors in cancer pathogenesis. Methods : We used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays to quantify the expression of IL-17, IL-6 and TGF-β mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and lymphocytes from draining lymph nodes of 60 women with breast cancer. The results were compared according to the patients’ clinical or pathological status. Results : Higher amounts of IL-17 and IL-6 mRNA, but not TGF-β transcripts, were found in patients compared to controls. There were no significant differences between patients with negative or positive nodes or with different histological grades or stages of disease. Conclusion : Most women in this analysis had stage I or II disease. We thus conclude that IL-17, a prominent proinflammatory cytokine, may play an important role in recruiting and infiltrating antitumor immune responses in early stages of breast cancer.
Urban stormwater management in developing countries

The purpose of this book is to disseminate contemporary knowledge and practical experiences concerning problems and solutions related to urban hydrology and drainage. Although the main focus is on developing countries, the book draws from experiences in many other parts of the world. Based upon numerous practical examples and case studies, the book provides information to assist in the management, planning and engineering design processes.
Additivity and distinguishability of random unitary channels

A random unitary channel is one that is given by a convex combination of unitary channels. It is shown that the conjectures on the additivity of the minimum output entropy and the multiplicativity of the maximum output p-norm can be equivalently restated in terms of random unitary channels. This is done by constructing a random unitary approximation to a general quantum channel. This approximation can be constructed efficiently, and so it is also applied to the computational problem of distinguishing quantum circuits. It is shown that the problem of distinguishing random unitary circuits is as hard as the problem of distinguishing general mixed-state circuits, which is complete for the class of problems having quantum interactive proof systems.
Expansion dynamics of a spherical Bose–Einstein condensate

We experimentally and theoretically observe the expansion behaviors of a spherical Bose-Einstein condensate. A rubidium condensate is produced in an isotropic optical dipole trap with an asphericity of 0.037. We measure the variation of the condensate size during the expansion process. The free expansion of the condensate is isotropic, which is different from that of the condensate usually produced in the anisotropic trap. The expansion in the short time is speeding and then after a long time the expansion velocity asymptotically approaches a constant value. We derive an analytic solution of the expansion behavior based on the spherical symmetry, allowing a quantitative comparison with the experimental measurement. The interaction energy of the condensate is gradually converted into the kinetic energy at the beginning of the expansion and the kinetic energy dominates after a long-time expansion. We obtain the interaction energy of the condensate in the trap by probing the expansion velocity, which is consistent with the theoretical prediction.
Circadian Timing: From Genetics to Behavior

In order to adapt to a changing environment, most living organisms have established the ability to measure time by the development of biological timing systems. There are different time-scales in which these temporal systems operate, thus covering more than 12 orders of magnitude, from microseconds to days or even seasons. All of these biological ‘clocks’ use time-keeping mechanisms that provide organisms with temporal information crucial to fulfill the required biological processes (Buhusi & Meck, 2005; Golombek, Bussi, & Agostino, 2014). Most chapters in this book are focused on temporal processing in the millisecond-to-minutes range, which is crucial to many forms of cognitive processing. In the present chapter, we will cover different aspects of biological timing in the circadian (i.e., ‘about a day’, 24-h) range. Since circadian timing is ubiquitous and regulates many physiological and behavioral functions – including cognitive functions – the study of circadian rhythms has a deep impact in neuroscience, medicine and health research. Despite early classical experiments such as De Mairan’s 1729 demonstration of an endogenous rhythm in leaf movement of Mimosa plants, among many others, the notion of an inner biological clock remained quite elusive until the mid-twentieth century (Golombek & Rosenstein, 2010). Several lines of evidence revealed the presence of an endogenous daily biological clock, and the term circadian was introduced in the fifties to identify self-sustained rhythms under constant conditions. At present, it is very well known that the circadian clock is an endogenous timing system that organizes the environmental oscillations every 24-h. The periodic changes in the light/dark cycle produced by the rotation of the Earth influenced the development of circadian rhythms in almost all living organisms. Hence, organisms are able to adapt to and anticipate the changes in lighting conditions, thus settling their physiological processes to specific times of the day. Some physiological and behavioral functions regulated by the circadian system include the sleep-wake cycle, body temperature, hormone release, and gene expression. For example, nearly half of all mammalian genes are rhythmically expressed in one or more tissues (Yan, Wang, Liu, & Shao, 2008).
Grammatical Class Effects in Production of Italian Inflected Verbs

English. We report a picture-word interference (PWI) experiment conducted in Italian where target verbs were used to name pictures in presence of semantically related and unrelated distracters. The congruency of grammatical class between targets and distracters was manipulated and nouns and verbs were used as distracters. Consistently with previous studies, an expected semantic interference effect was observed but, interestingly, such an effect does not equally apply to target-distracter pairs sharing or not grammatical class information. This outcome seems to corroborate the hypothesis of the intervention of grammatical constraints in word production as explored in the PWI task. Italiano. Questo lavoro descrive un esperimento di interferenza figura-parola sull’ italiano in cui le figure dovevano essere denominate usando verbi in presenza di distrattori semanticamente collegati o non collegati alla figura. È stata manipolata anche la congruenza di classe grammaticale tra target e distrattori; questi ultimi nella metà dei casi erano nomi e nell’altra verbi. In linea con studi precedenti, abbiamo ottenuto un effetto di interferenza semantica; il dato interessante è che quest’ultimo effetto interessa in modo differente le coppie targetdistrattore congruenti o non congruenti per classe grammaticale. Questo risultato sembra corroborare l’ipotesi che nella di produzione di parole esplorata attraverso il compito di interferenza figuraparola giochino un ruolo le proprietà grammaticali delle parole.
The Semi-Coaxial Multirotor

The ”semi-coaxial” multirotor configuration is presented including its advantages over the conventional coaxial rotor configuration. The semi-coaxial configuration retains the benefits of the coaxial configuration, and additionally alleviates the loss of efficiency encountered when rotors are stacked coaxially. In addition to being more power-efficient than the standard coaxial configuration, the described configuration allows for nearlyor fully-actuated control of a multirotor when used in configurations such as the three-armed Y6 hexarotor. Using this configuration, a new Direct Force Control (DFC) multirotor is presented: the Y6sC, a specific example of the semi-coaxial multirotor. The configuration orients six rotors in a way which allows the vehicle to hover in non-zero attitudes and translate without rotating with higher efficiency than the corresponding coaxial design.
FOSSILS OF TITANOSAURS (DINOSAURIA, SAUROPODA) FROM A NEW OUTCROP IN TRIÂNGULO MINEIRO, SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL

The Triângulo Mineiro area, in southwestern Minas Gerais State, southeastern Brazil, has been known for decades for its vertebrate fossils, mostly of dinosaurs. Described here are fossils of sauropod dinosaurs from a new fossiliferous outcrop in the region, correlated with the Echapora Member (Campanian-Maastrichtian) of the Marilia Formation. The fossils are a right tibia, two procoelous vertebral centra and a right coracoid, besides a possible phalange and several unidentified fragments, Although the zygapophyses and neural spines had not been preserved, the procoelous vertebrae show that the fossils belonged to sauropods of the clade Titanosauridae. The best preserved vertebra is heart- shaped in cross-section, has its ventral half anteroposteriorly compressed and has pleurocoel-like depressions on its lateral cranial portion, features that indicate affinity with the genus Aeolosaurus.
Functional equations involving means and their Gauss composition

In this paper the equivalence of the two functional equations f(M 1 (x,y))+f(M 2 (x,y))=f(x)+f(y) (x,y ∈ I) and 2f(M 1 ⊗ M 2 (x,y)) = f(x) + f(y) (x,y ∈ I) is studied, where M 1 and M 2 are two variable strict means on an open real interval I, and M 1 ⊗ M 2 denotes their Gauss composition. The equivalence of these equations is shown (without assuming further regularity assumptions on the unknown function f: I → R) for the cases when M 1 and M 2 are the arithmetic and geometric means, respectively, and also in the case when M 1 , M 2 , and M 1 ⊗ M 2 are quasi-arithmetic means. If M 1 and M 2 are weighted arithmetic means, then, depending on the algebraic character of the weight, the above equations can be equivalent and also non-equivalent to each other.
HIJING, a Heavy Ion Jet INteraction Generator for the High-Luminosity Era of the LHC and Beyond ++

HIJING++ (Heavy Ion Jet INteraction Generator) is the successor of the widely used original HIJING, developed almost three decades ago. While the old versions (1.x and 2.x) were written in FORTRAN, HIJING++ was completely rewritten in C++. During the development we keep in mind the requirements of the high-energy heavy-ion community: the new Monte Carlo software have a well designed modular framework, therefore any future modifications are much easier to implement. It contains all the physical models that were also present in it’s predecessor, but utilizing modern C++ features it also includes native thread based parallelism, an easy-to-use analysis interface and a modular plugin system, which makes room for possible future improvements. In this paper we summarize the results of our performance tests measured on 2 widely used architectures.
Inventor Diasporas and the Internationalization of Technology

This paper documents the influence of diaspora netw orks of highly-skilled individuals – i.e.,inventors – on international technological collaborations. Using gravity models, it studies the determinants of the internationalization of inventive activity between a group of industrialized countries and a sample of developing and emerging economies. The paper examines the influence exerted by skilled diasporas in fostering cross-country co-inventorship as well as R&D offshoring. The study finds a strong and robust relationship between inventor diasporas and different forms of international co-patenting. However, the effect decreases with the level of formality of the interactions. Interestingly, some of the most successful diasporas recently documented – namely, Chinese and Indian ones – do not govern the results.
Self-Reinforcing Shocks Evidence from a Resettlement Policy

We examine the long-term effects of resettling 11 percent of the Finnish population from areas ceded to the Soviet Union during World War II. Our empirical strategy exploits features of the resettlement policy as a source of plausibly exogenous variation in population growth. The results suggest that a 10 percent increase in the population of a rural location during the war caused an additional 15 percent growth during the next five decades. The growth was driven by migration and led to the expansion of the non-primary sector. The effect is larger for locations connected to the railway network.
Villous height and crypt depth in piglets in response to increases in the intake of cows' milk after weaning

The hypothesis tested in this experiment was that the structure and function of the small intestine of piglets given a milk liquid diet after weaning depends on their level of energy intake. At weaning (28 days), 42 piglets were allocated to one of five treatments: (1) control group killed at weaning; (2) piglets offered a dry starter diet ad libitum; (3) piglets given cow's fresh milk at maintenance energy intake (Ma); (4) piglets given cow's fresh milk at 2-5 Ma; and (5) piglets given cow's fresh milk ad libitum. On the 5th day all piglets were killed and samples of gut were taken for histological and biochemical examination. Piglets given milk ad libitum grew faster (P < 0·001) than piglets on all other treatments. Piglets offered the dry starter diet ingested similar quantities of dry matter and energy, and grew at the same rate as piglets given cows' milk at 2·5 Ma. As predicted, piglets given milk at maintenance energy intake grew slower (P < 0·001) and consumed less food (P < 0·001) than piglets in all other treatments. For piglets given both cows' fresh milk and the dry starter diet, there were significant linear relationships (r = 0·72 to 0·82, P < 0·05) between villous height and crypt depth with dry matter (energy) intake after weaning. In turn, mean villous height in both milk-fed and starter-fed piglets was significantly correlated (r = 0·68 to 0·79, P < 0·05) to empty body-weight gain in the first 5 days after weaning. Estimates of digestive enzyme activity and absorptive capacity of the gut did not corroborate the large differences seen between treatments in villous height and crypt depth, and possible reasons are discussed. These data illustrate the interdependence between voluntary food intake and mucosal architecture in determining piglet performance after weaning.
Premenstrual Syndrome among Female Doctors at King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital: Prevalence and Impact on Work, Jeddah, 2014

Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a condition, which consists of cyclical physical, behavioral and psychological symptoms, which regularly recurs before period and disappears by the end of menstruation. Objectives: This study aims to estimate the prevalence, severity of PMS, and its impact on work productivity among a group of female doctors aged between (20-45) at King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital (KFAFH), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: A cross sectional study with a sample of female doctors (N=177) at King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital in Jeddah were included in the study, a self-administered questionnaire distributed among them included sociodemographic questions, premenstrual evaluating questionnaire including the American college of obstetrics & gynecology (ACOG) criteria, and questions about the effect on work using a valid work assessment questionnaire. Results: Prevalence of PMS found to be in 50.7% of female doctors, Most of cases with PMS are in the category borderline to mild (18%) and mild to moderate (16.3%). PMS had significant relation with overall work impairment. Saudi female doctors found to be more liable to PMS than non-Saudi. Conclusion: PMS was prevalent among female doctors at KFAFH, with significant overall work productivity loss.
Joint genetic evaluation for fertility in Austria and Germany

Breeding values for male and female fertility will be estimated jointly for Austria and Germany starting in November 2002. The fertility trait used is non-return rate 90. About 13 million Simmental and 3 million Brown Swiss records from Germany and Austria are included in the evaluation. Breeding value estimation is performed with the computer program MiX99 for all breeds except Holstein. The fixed effects region*year*season, herd*year, inseminator*year, parity*age at first insemination*days open and the random effects permanent environment, service bull and inseminated cow are included. A slightly different model is used for Holstein. The joint evaluation increases accuracy through additional information and makes estimated breeding values of Germany and Austria completely comparable.
MODELLING OF SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE EXTRACTION OF ANDROGRAPHOLIDE FROM ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA LEAVES BY EMPLOYING INTEGRAL DESORPTION CONCEPT

Mathematical formulation is necessary for the optimisation and scale-up of a separation unit such as the extraction of biomolecules from their natural resources. The objective of this work is to obtain a quantitative description of the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SCDE) of andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata leaves. This work presents the development of a mathematical model based on first order desorption rate of solute into supercritical fluid to describe the SCDE of andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata leaves. Numerical calculation was carried out using a commercial algebraic optimisation code, namely the MATLAB software. In this work, calculation was accomplished to obtain the adjustable parameter of the model using experimental data obtained from the SCDE of andrographolide at different operating temperature and pressure. The calculation results show that this model agrees very well with the experimental data. Therefore, this model is capable for the modelling of SCDE of andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata leaves.
HEAD – AND – PILLOW SMT FAILURE MODES

With the electronics manufacturing industry moving to lead free soldering and with Ball Grid Array (BGA) packages becoming thinner and having finer ball pitches, there is an increase in the incidences of a SMT non-wet type of defect known as head-and-pillow (HnP). This defect is hard to detect after SMT assembly and most likely will fail at the customer. There are a number of causes for this type of defect. They can be categorized into process issues, material issues, and design related issues. This paper will examine these different causes for the head-and-pillow non-wet defect after surface mount assembly and the mechanism to create this defect. The paper will also describe the critical factors that are affecting head-and-pillow. It will discuss how to identify the root cause and give potential solutions to prevent the defect and have a robust SMT assembly process.
Pinning Controllability Scheme of Directed Complex Delayed Dynamical Networks via Periodically Intermittent Control

This paper studies the pinning controllability of directed complex delayed dynamical networks by using periodic intermittent control scheme. The general and low-dimensional pinning synchronization criteria are derived to illustrate the design of periodic intermittent control scheme. According to our low-dimensional pinning criterion, especially, the constraint condition of coupling strength is obtained when the network structure and amounts of pinned nodes are fixed. An algorithm is presented to determine the amounts of periodically intermittent controllers and locate these intermittent controllers in a directed network, in which the significance of nodes out- (in-) degree in pinning control of complex network is also illustrated. Finally, a directed network consisting of 12 coupled delayed Chua oscillators is designed as numerical example to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis.
Genetics of Type 2 Diabetes- A Review Article

ype 2 diabetes (T2D) is a worldwide concern. Based on International Diabetes Federation, 285 million adults aged 20–79 years suffered from diabetes in 2010. About 60% of them located in Asia. Almost 80% of people with diabetes live in developing countries. Around 95% of diabetic patients suffer from T2D (1-3). Worryingly, new findings show decrease in the onset age of T2D. The disease is more frequently reported among young Africans and Pima Indians (4). T2D in Asia differs from the other world regions; since it has developed in younger age group, and in people with much lower bodyT 1. Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 2. Stem Cell Biology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 3. Clinical and Research center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 4. Diabetes Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Strong Consistency of Regression Quantiles and Related Empirical Processes

The strong consistency of regression quantile statistics (Koenker and Bassett [4]) in linear models with iid errors is established. Mild regularity conditions on the regression design sequence and the error distribution are required. Strong consistency of the associated empirical quantile process (introduced in Bassett and Koenker [1]) is also established under analogous conditions. However, for the proposed estimate of the conditional distribution function of Y, no regularity conditions on the error distribution are required for uniform strong convergence, thus establishing a Glivenko-Cantelli-type theorem for this estimator.