Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Recent advances and emerging treatments

The healing of acute wounds involves a complex and dynamic series of events leading to the repair of injured tissues. These events, triggered by tissue injury, involve four overlapping but well defined phases: haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodelling. The four phases of acute wound healing View this table: Composition of some tissue engineered skin substitutes Haemostasis is secured by platelet aggregation and clot formation. The inflammatory phase begins with the arrival of phagocytic neutrophils and, later, macrophages at the wound site; they are important sources of and substrates for growth factors. The proliferative phase is characterised by the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis), synthesis of extracellular matrix components such as collagen, granulation tissue formation, and re-epithelialisation. The extracellular matrix is continually remodelled during the final phase; an avascular scar is the end result of the healing process. View this table: Tissue engineered skin substitutes in wound healing Chronic wounds may be arrested in any of the four phases; commonly, however, disruption occurs in the inflammatory or the proliferative phases. Many mediators—including inflammatory cells, growth factors, proteases such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and cellular and extracellular elements—play important roles in different stages of the healing process. Alterations in one or more of these components may account for the impaired healing observed in chronic wounds. Cryopreserved human cadaver skin (used in the UK), and human amniotic membrane and frog skin (used in other parts of the world) have long been used to treat wounds, particularly burns. More recently, artificial “skin substitutes” and growth factors have been developed to help achieve healing in chronic, non-healing wounds of varying aetiologies. These treatments target different stages of the healing process and, in the case of skin substitutes, replace lost tissue. Artificial skin substitutes, products of tissue engineering, consist of a microengineered, biocompatible, polymer matrix in combination with cellular and/or extracellular …
During-growth quantitative metrology of epitaxial quantum dots by reflection high energy electron diffraction

Within the context of the archetype InAs/GaAs self assembled quantum dot system, we provide an in situ, methodology based on the analysis of reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) patterns and demonstrate its ability for real time and simultaneous determination of the quantum dots facet orientations, average size (height), strain profile, and dot-density during the molecular beam and chemical beam epitaxy growth.
Schizophrenia and the parvalbumin-containing class of cortical local circuit neurons.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that abnormalities in the parvalbumin-containing subclass of local circuit neurons contribute to altered gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission in the prefrontal cortex of schizophrenic subjects. METHOD Profile counts and somal size measures were made of parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons in areas 9, 46, and 17 from 15 matched pairs of schizophrenic and normal comparison subjects. RESULTS No differences in relative density, laminar distribution, or somal size of labeled neurons were found in any region. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that altered GABA neurotransmission in schizophrenia is due to either abnormalities in other sub-populations of prefrontal cortical GABA neurons or abnormalities in the parvalbumin-containing subclass that could not be detected in the present study.
Fear-avoidance in Recovered Burn Patients: Association with Psychological and Somatic Symptoms

Fear-avoidance, an important model in the understanding of chronic pain, has not yet been studied in patients with burns. The purpose of this study was to investigate if recovered burn patients have fear-avoidance beliefs and to explore the association with psychological and somatic symptoms. Eighty-four recovered burn patients completed self-report questionnaires. The results showed that there were fear-avoidance beliefs, but not to a large extent. Beta coefficients from multiple regression analyses indicated a strong association between fear-avoidance and problems with work, heat sensitivity and arousal symptoms. The model was capable of explaining 73 per cent of the variance in fear-avoidance beliefs.
K-NN Classifier for Relationally Encrypted Data

With internet expanding in every aspect of businesses infrastructure, it becomes more and more important to make these businesses infrastructures safe and secure to the numerous attacks perpetrated on them conspicuously when it comes to denial of service (DoS) attack. IP is an internet protocol each and every system having a unique address to use this address to communicate to the internet. The attacker spoofing the source address to trace the information Keywords— IP, DoS spoofing, probabilistic packet marking, passive IP traceback.
Weighting Links Based on Co-Occurrence Relationship for Community Detection Enhancement

Community detection in networks is a significant issue to understand the formation of network structures and quantify interactions. Proposed methods in recent years show that adding proper weights to links of a network provides appreciable contributions for community detection. Weighting links is an open problem because it is still not clear how to obtain proper weights from the structure of the network. In this paper, we propose a new method based on co-occurrence relationship among nodes in the network. It has been used for improving the performance of Newman's greedy algorithm. Experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets show that our method is efficient to increase modularity and accuracy. Results of comparative performance for several weighting methods also indicate that this method gives better outcomes than some well-known methods.
Decreased retinal ganglion cell number and misdirected axon growth associated with fissure defects in Bst/+ mutant mice.

PURPOSE The autosomal semidominant mutation Bst (belly spot and tail) is often associated with small and atrophic optic nerves in adult mice and shares several important attributes with heritable optic nerve atrophy in humans. In this article, the authors present adult and developmental studies on the retinal phenotype in Bst/+ mice. METHODS Retinal ganglion cells in adult Bst/+ mice were labeled retrogradely with horseradish peroxidase injected into the right optic tract. Labeled ganglion cells were mapped in whole-mounted retinas ipsilateral and contralateral to the injection site. The number of axons in optic nerves of these and other cases were quantified using an electron microscopic method. Eyes of neonatal, embryonic day 15 (E15), and embryonic day 12 (E12) Bst/+ mutants were examined histologically to understand the etiology of the retinal phenotype. RESULTS Approximately 60% of adult Bst/+ mice have deficient direct pupillary light responses. This neurologic phenotype is associated with a reduction in the number of retinal ganglion cells from the wild-type average of 67,000 to less than 20,000 in Bst/+ mutants. Ganglion cells with crossed projections are more severely affected than those with uncrossed projections. Histologic analysis of eyes from E12 mice reveals a delayed closure of the optic fissure. Despite this abnormality, other ocular structures appear relatively normal. However, some E15 mutants exhibit marked disorganization of the retinal neuroepithelium, and ganglion cell axons are found between pigmented and neural retina. At birth, optic nerves of affected mice are smaller than those of wild-type mice, ectopic axons are found within the eyes, and the ganglion cell layer contains many dying cells. CONCLUSIONS The expression of the retinal phenotype in Bst/+ mutants is highly variable-ranging from a complete absence of ganglion cells to numbers comparable to that in wild-type mice. The reduction in ganglion cell number in affected adult Bst/+ mice is attributable to the failure of ganglion cell axons to reach the optic nerve head early in development. Delayed fusion of the fissure is consistently associated with the Bst/+ genotype and probably contributes to the failure of ganglion cell axons to grow out of the eye.
The LG3 Module of Laminin-5 Harbors a Binding Site for Integrin α3β1 That Promotes Cell Adhesion, Spreading, and Migration*

Laminins are a family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins involved in cell adhesion and migration. A major obstacle to understanding their structure-function relationships is the lack of small laminin domains capable of replicating integrin-binding, cell-adhesive, and migratory functions of the intact molecule. Here, we show that the recombinant LG3 (rLG3) module (26 kDa) of laminin-5 (Ln-5) α3 chain replicated key Ln-5 activities. rLG3 but not rLG1 or rLG2 supported cell adhesion and migration of at least two distinct cell lines, in an integrin α3β1-dependent manner. Cell adhesion to rLG3 was regulated by divalent cations and accompanied by cell spreading and tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK focal adhesion kinase. The integrin binding activity of rLG3 was confirmed by rLG3 affinity chromatography of detergent cell lysates, which resulted in specific purification of integrin α3β1. To our knowledge, this is the first report directly demonstrating that a recombinant laminin LG module is an active domain capable of supporting integrin-dependent cell adhesion and migration.
Beihang at the NTCIR-13 STC-2 Task

This paper presents our system participated in the NTCIR13 Short Text Conversation Task. Previous researches focus on how to rerank response candidates but pay little attention on how to generate high quality candidates. In this work, we try different approaches for the retrieval part, such as neural network features and symbolic features. The evaluation results show that symbolic features can significantly boost the performance of the retrieval-based chatbot. According to the official STC evaluation, we are in the second best group among teams who participated in the Chinese retrieval-based chatbots.
Dynamical Characteristics of Discretized Chaotic Permutations

Chaos theory has been applied to various fields where appropriate random sequences are required. The randomness of chaotic sequences is characteristic of continuous-state systems. Accordingly, the discrepancy between the characteristics of spatially discretized chaotic dynamics and those of original analog dynamics must be bridged to justify applications of digital orbits generated, for example, from digital computers simulating continuous-state chaos. The present paper deals with the chaotic permutations appearing in a chaotic cryptosystem. By analysis of cycle statistics, the convergence of the invariant measure and periodic orbit skeletonization, we show that the orbits in chaotic permutations are ergodic and chaotic enough for applications. In the consequence, the systematic differences in the invariant measures and in the Lyapunov exponents of two infinitesimally L∞-close maps are also investigated.
Cardiovascular profile and events of US adults 20–49 years with HIV: Results from the NHANES 1999–2008

The incidence of vascular events in HIV-infected individuals is increasing. We investigated whether there is a higher prevalence of vascular risk factors in the adult US population with HIV compared to uninfected controls that could explain some of the increased vascular events. We obtained prevalence estimates of vascular risk factors, stratified by the HIV status, in sampled adults aged 20–49 years from the 1999 to 2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Estimates were weighted to account for oversampling and nonresponse. Logistic regression models with adjustment for demographic and socioeconomic status were created to adjust for confounders. The analysis included 12,339 US adults, 76 with HIV infection. The weighted seroprevalence of HIV was 0.48% (95% CI 0.33–0.65). In univariate analysis, HIV infection was more prevalent in non-Hispanic blacks (odds ratio [OR] 7.4, 95% CI 3.6–15.2), men (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.42–4.89), the physically inactive (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.0–3.0), and current smokers (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.3–4.4). Increased waist circumference (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3–1.0) was less common in HIV-infected individuals, although controlling for sex and ethnicity differences, this difference became nonsignificant (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.3–1.2). Further controlling for differences in income and education rendered the associations with smoking and physical inactivity nonsignificant, but revealed associations of HIV infection with hypertension (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.0–6.0) and diabetes (OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.1–16.1). These results underscore the need to further investigate the role of cardiovascular risk factors in the growing HIV population.
LOAD FREQUENCY CONTROL FOR MULTI-AREA POWER SYSTEMS BASED ON FUZZY LOGIC 1

Now days due to the increase in load demand, in the interconnection of the power system, load as well as power flow in tieline are varying dynamically. So there is a need of robust control of both systems frequency and tie-line power flows. This robust control can be attained using fuzzy logic controller rather than the conventional proportional integral and proportional integral derivative controllers. Because gain values of conventional controllers are constant, for load changes. Load can’t be constant, load changes time to time but gain values of conventional controllers are constant. In order to overcome the drawbacks of the conventional controllers, many techniques have been proposed in literature. A new load frequency control (LFC) for multi-area power systems is developed based on the direct–indirect adaptive fuzzy control technique. LFCs for each area are designed based on availability of frequency deviation of each area and tie-line power deviation between areas. The fuzzy logic system approximation capabilities are exploited to develop suitable adaptive control law and parameter update algorithms for unknown interconnected LFC areas. An H∞ tracking performance criterion is introduced to minimize the approximation errors and the external disturbance effects. The proposed controller guarantees stability of the overall closed-loop system. Simulation results for a real threearea power system prove the effectiveness of the proposed LFC and show its superiority over a classical PID controller and a type-2 fuzzy controller.
MECHANISM OF ELECTRICAL STIMULATION OF BONE FORMATION *

In the last 20 years, several investigators have employed electricity to stimulate osteogenesis in animals in vivo. These experimentors have utilized constant voltage sources ( d ~ ) , l ~ pulsed voltage S O U ~ C ~ S , ~ ~ ~ constant-current s o u r ~ e s , ~ electric fields,n and alternating c ~ r r e n t . ~ The results (TABLE 1) generally agree that bone formation occurs around the cathode at 1-100 p A and/or 1.1-1.5 V of stimulation. Some workers have reported bone formation also around the anode in the same ranges of ~timulation;~-~. " however, two groups found no significant anodal osteogenesis, and one group detected consistent anodal destruction with similar electrical stimulation (in rabb i t ~ ) . ~ . ~ There was greater consensus that osteogenesis occurs in the periosteum over the experimental area and in the marrow area between the two electrodes. No electrode preference for bone formation was noted in pulsed dc or continuous dc5 stimulation by one group, whereas others have reported more significant results at the ~ a t h o d e . l ~ ~ There has been one report8 of osteogenesis with ac; it was noted in both electrode areas, the intervening marrow space, and the periosteum. Supraperiosteal bone formation in response to externally applied electric fields has also been detected.8 These results do not lend themselves easily to a single interpretation. The experimental sites varied from dog f e m o ~ a ~ ~ . ~ . ~ and rib^^. ^ to rabbit femora7se and tibia. ' Most of the studies that showed osteogenesis or no reaction at the anode involved stimulator preparations implanted in dog femora. On one occasion, however, tissue destruction was found at the anode with a 1.4-V stimulus source, but this experimental site involved the epiphysis and adjacent metaphysis of rabbit tibia. ' It may be useful here to introduce some facts relating to the effects of electrodes in solutions. Obviously, electric current does not readily pass through distilled water. Ions are necessary to act as charge carriers. These ions undergo electrophoresis; that is, they migrate to the oppositely charged electrode (cations to cathode and anions to anode), which thus alters the ionic concentrations immediately around each electrode, polarizes the electrode, and requires a higher voltage to maintain the same current flow. 'O~~~ The voltage current curve for solutions of various electrolytes exhibits a sharp current increase at approximately 1.7 V,lL which indicates that this voltage is the region of steady water decomposition. Oxidation occurs at the anode and reduction at the cathode. Hydrogen is discharged at the cathode; chlorine and later oxygen are evolved at the anode. " Also, the pH increases at the cathode and decreases at the anode,l' even when a pulsed source is
Putting our best boots forward: US military deployments and host-country crime

The deployment of military forces abroad has been a major component of the US’s grand strategy since the beginning of the Cold War. However, some scholars have argued that the presence of US military personnel abroad creates a series of negative externalities afflicting local communities. We put some of these claims to the test by looking at the effect of US military deployments on crime rates in the host-state. Using cross-national crime statistics from the United Nations and data on US troop deployments, we examine whether US military deployments are associated with higher levels of criminal activity across a large subset of crimes. In aggregate, the mere presence of troops does not increase the criminal activity in a state; however, there is a conditional effect when we account for a difference in culture between the host-state and the US; the presence of foreign deployed troops is associated with higher levels of property-related crimes in a country. Consequently, this paper contributes to a better understanding of the impact that US military deployments, and US foreign policy more broadly, have had on other countries, and also enhances our understanding of the micro-level factors that might affect relationships between alliance partners
Peak Vertical Jump Power Estimations in Youths and Young Adults

Abstract Amonette, WE, Brown, LE, De Witt, JK, Dupler, TL, Tran, TT, Tufano, JJ, and Spiering, BA. Peak vertical jump power estimations in youths and young adults. J Strength Cond Res 26(7): 1749–1755, 2012—The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a regression equation to estimate peak power (PP) using a large sample of athletic youths and young adults. Anthropometric and vertical jump ground reaction forces were collected from 460 male volunteers (age: 12–24 years). Of these 460 volunteers, a stratified random sample of 45 subjects representing 3 different age groups (12–15 years [n = 15], 16–18 years [n = 15], and 19–24 years [n = 15]) was selected as a validation sample. Data from the remaining 415 subjects were used to develop a new equation (“Novel”) to estimate PP using age, body mass (BM), and vertical jump height (VJH) via backward stepwise regression. Independently, age (r = 0.57), BM (r = 0.83), and VJ (r = 0.65) were significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with PP. However, age did not significantly (p = 0.53) contribute to the final prediction equation (Novel): PP (watts) = 63.6 × VJH (centimeters) + 42.7 × BM (kilograms) − 1,846.5 (r = 0.96; standard error of the estimate= 250.7 W). For each age group, there were no differences between actual PP (overall group mean ± SD: 3,244 ± 991 W) and PP estimated using Novel (3,253 ± 1,037 W). Conversely, other previously published equations produced PP estimates that were significantly different than actual PP. The large sample size used in this study (n = 415) likely explains the greater accuracy of the reported Novel equation compared with previously developed equations (n = 17–161). Although this Novel equation can accurately estimate PP values for a group of subjects, between-subject comparisons estimating PP using Novel or any other previously published equations should be interpreted with caution because of large intersubject error (± >600 W) associated with predictions.
Quantitative analysis of tear film fluorescence and discomfort during tear film instability and thinning.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to test the association between tear film fluorescence changes during tear break-up (TBU) or thinning and the concurrent ocular sensory response. METHODS Sixteen subjects kept one eye open as long as possible (MBI), indicated their discomfort level continuously, and rated ocular sensations of irritation, stinging, burning, pricking, and cooling using visual analog scales (VAS). Fluorescence of the tear film was quantified by a pixel-based analysis of the median pixel intensity (PI), TBU, and percentage of dark pixels (DarkPix) over time. A cutoff of 5% TBU was used to divide subjects into either break-up (BU) or minimal break-up (BUmin) groups. RESULTS Tear film fluorescence decreased (median PI) and the percentage of TBU and DarkPix increased in all trials, with the rate significantly greater in the BU than the BUmin group (Mann-Whitney U test, P < 0.05). The rate of increasing discomfort during trials was highly correlated with the rate of decrease in median PI and developing TBU (Spearman's, r ≥ 0.70). Significant correlations were found between corneal fluorescence, MBI, and sensory measures. CONCLUSIONS Concentration quenching of fluorescein dye with tear film thinning best explains decreasing tear film fluorescence during trials. This was highly correlated with increasing ocular discomfort, suggesting that both tear film thinning and TBU stimulate underlying corneal nerves, although TBU produced more rapid stimulation. Slow increases in tear film hyperosmolarity may cause the gradual increase in discomfort during slow tear film thinning, whereas the sharp increases in discomfort during TBU suggest a more complex stimulus.
Title Dual-source Dual-power electrospinning and characteristics of multifunctional scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

Electrospun tissue engineering scaffolds are attractive due to their distinctive advantages over other types of scaffolds. As both osteoinductivity and osteoconductivity play crucial roles in bone tissue engineering, scaffolds possessing both properties are desirable. In this investigation, novel bicomponent scaffolds were constructed via dual-source dual-power electrospinning (DSDPES). One scaffold component was emulsion electrospun poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PDLLA) nanofibers containing recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2), and the other scaffold component was electrospun calcium phosphate (Ca–P) particle/poly(lacticco-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanocomposite fibers. The mass ratio of rhBMP-2/PDLLA fibers to Ca–P/PLGA fibers in bicomponent scaffolds could be controlled in the DSDPES process by adjusting the number of syringes used to supply solutions for electrospinning. Through process optimization, both types of fibers could be evenly distributed in bicomponent scaffolds. The structure and properties of each type of fibers in the scaffolds were studied. The morphological and structural properties and wettability of scaffolds were assessed. The effects of emulsion composition for rhBMP-2/PDLLA fibers and mass ratio of fibrous components in bicomponent scaffolds on in vitro release of rhBMP-2 from scaffolds were investigated. In vitro degradation of scaffolds was also studied by monitoring their morphological changes, weight losses and decreases in average molecular weight of fiber matrix polymers.