Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Occupational and environmental risk factors for respiratory symptoms in rural Beijing, China

The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of occupational and environmental exposure on respiratory symptoms in adults in rural Beijing, China. Thirty randomly selected villages in the counties of Shunyi and Tongxian, 50 km north and east, respectively, of the city of Beijing, China, participated in this study. Village doctors interviewed all residents aged ≥15 yrs and completed the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Questionnaire on Bronchial Symptoms translated into Chinese with added questions on smoking and occupational and environmental exposure. Of the eligible population, 22,528 adults (98%) took part. The prevalence of all respiratory symptoms, i.e. asthma-like symptoms, asthma attacks in the last 12 months, chronic cough and chronic phlegm, was low. Significant determinants for respiratory symptoms were age, sex, smoking and county of residence. A dose-dependent relationship was found between cumulative cigarette consumption and prevalence of respiratory symptoms. After adjusting for these variables, exposure to insecticides and fertilisers significantly increased the risk of most of the respiratory symptoms, whereas exposure to indoor air pollution from domestic fuels did not. Exposure to chemicals such as insecticides and fertilisers contributed independently to the risk of respiratory symptoms in rural Beijing, China.
Studies of the reliability and validity of the Addiction Severity Index.

AIMS To examine the reliability and validity of the widely used Addiction Severity Index (ASI). MATERIAL Thirty-seven studies of the psychometric performance of the ASI. FINDINGS The inter-rater and test-retest reliabilities of the severity ratings and composites scores vary from excellent to unsatisfactory. High internal consistencies have been reported regularly for only three of the seven composite scores (medical status, alcohol use, psychiatric status). The remaining four composite scores (employment status, drug use, legal status, family/social relations) have low consistencies in at least four different studies. Coefficients of criterion validity are often low. CONCLUSIONS There is a discrepancy between the psychometric performance of the ASI and its purported clinical, administrative and research uses.
Robustesse des classements bibliométriques, à travers la convergence des thèmes obtenus par citations et lexiques : une méthode hybride pour une représentation mixte

Alors que les methodes d'analyse multidimensionnelles habituelles considerent les objets etudies sous un seul point de vue, nous presentons ici une exploration methodologique autour de la prise en compte de points de vue multiples, dans le prolongement d'une etude precedente de 4 annees de nanosciences sur le WoS. Nous avons utilise une methode hybride entre clustering et decomposition matricielle pour comparer deux partitions des articles, l'une, lexicale, a partir de l'extraction de termes simples et composes, l'autre a partir des citations emises. Methode qui nous a permis de placer les clusters des deux types dans un espace commun, et de conclure en presentant son apport par rapport a nos resultats anterieurs.
Domain swapping in materials design

Peptide self‐assembly can be used as a bottom–up approach to material fabrication. Although many different types of materials can be prepared from peptides, hydrogels are perhaps one of the most common. Gels typically result from the self‐assembly of peptides into fibrillar networks. Controlling the structural morphology of these fibrils and the networks they form allows direct control over a given material's bulk properties. However, exerting this control is extremely difficult as the mechanistic rules that govern peptide self‐assembly are far from being established. Conversely, several amyloidogenic proteins have been shown to self‐assemble into fibrils using a mechanism known as domain swapping. Here, discrete units of secondary structure or even whole domains are exchanged (swapped) among discrete proteins during self‐assembly to form extended networks with precise structural control. This review discusses several common mechanistic variations of domain swapping using naturally occurring proteins as examples. The possibility of using these principles to design peptides capable of controlled assembly and fibril formation leading to materials with targeted properties is explored. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 94: 141–155, 2010.
Histologic Characterization of Acute Spinal Cord Injury Treated with Intravenous Methylprednisolone

Objective Many substances have been investigated for attenuation of spinal cord injury after acute trauma; however, pharmacologically only steroid administration has shown clinical benefits. This study attempts to characterize local spinal cord histologic response to human dose equivalent (HDE) intravenous methylprednisolone (MP) administration in a rodent model of acute spinal cord injury. Design Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were divided equally into control and experimental groups. Each group was subdivided into eight sets of three animals each, according to postinjury intervals. Paraplegia after lower thoracic laminectomy was achieved using a standardized weight drop technique. Intervention Within one hour, experimental animals were treated with HDE MP followed by 23-hour continuous infusion of HDE MP. Spinal cords were harvested at variable intervals postinjury and prepared for histologic/immunohistochemistry examination. Main Outcome Measurements Edema, necrosis, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) positivity in the specimens from treated/control groups were graded by microscopy and immunohistochemistry staining and compared in a blinded manner by a qualified neuropathologist and senior authors. Results Minimal differences were observed between control and MP-treated animals at zero and four hours. At eight hours, increased white matter and medullary edema was evident in control versus MP-treated rats. This trend continued through twelve, sixteen, twenty-four, forty-eight, and seventy-two hours. No difference was observed in the astrocytic response to injury by GFAP immunohistochemistry between the groups. Conclusions Histologically, MP reduces the development of severe edema and preserves spinal cord architecture adjacent to the site of injury. In contrast, MP does not alter the development of spinal cord necrosis or astrocytic response at the zone of injury.
Analyses et mesures avancées du rayonnement électromagnétique d'un circuit intégré

L'objectif principal de la these est de proposer des solutions permettant d'ameliorer l'efficacite des attaques par observation de signaux electromagnetiques pour decouvrir la cle de chiffrement d'une carte a puce. Nous analysons deux methodes: la DifferentiaI Power Analysis (DP A) et la Correlation Power Analysis (CP A). Les attaques DP A et CP A sont basees sur un modele de consommation. Cependant, a cause de la complexite du circuit, le fait d'avoir un modele rigoureux n'est pas realiste. Nous avons propose une nouvelle methode, la Partitioning Power Analysis (PP A), qui permet d'ameliorer la performance d'une attaque sans avoir un modele de consommation precis. Les attaques par observation des signaux electromagnetiques, comme leur nom l'indique, dependent etroitement des signaux acquis. La performance des attaques peut etre nettement reduite si le bruit est trop fort ou si les signaux ne sont pas bien alignes. Nous avons propose des solutions basees sur des techniques avancees de traitement du signal pour reduire le bruit et les effets engendres par le desalignement des signaux. Les solutions que nous avons ! developpees ameliorent l'efficacite des attaques.
Dementia in the National Cause of Death Registry in Norway 1969-2010.

Background : The prevalence of dementia is expected to increase markedly during the coming decades. Epidemiological studies involving the National Cause of Death Registry (NCDR) may be useful for exploring the aetiology of dementia. We therefore wanted to study developments in the reporting of dementia in the NCDR over the last four decades. Methods : We calculated the age- and gender specific proportion of deaths with dementia reported in the NCDR (dementia deaths) in the period 1969-2010, and the proportion of vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease deaths in 1986-2010. Separate analyses were done for deaths occurring in nursing homes in 1996-2010. The proportion of dementia deaths where dementia was coded as underlying cause of death was also calculated. Results: The proportion of dementia deaths increased more than threefold in the period 1969-2010 among women (from 4% to 15%), and more than doubled among men (from 3% to 7%). In nursing homes the proportion increased from 17% to 26% for women and from 13% to 18% for men. The proportion of dementia deaths with Alzheimer’s disease reported in the NCDR increased from practically zero in 1986 to a maximum of 28% in 2005. The proportion of dementia deaths with dementia as underlying cause of death increased from a minimum of 6% in 1972 to a maximum of 51% in 2009. Conclusion: Although the reporting of dementia in the NCDR increased markedly from 1969 to 2010, dementia is still under-reported for old people and for deaths occurring in nursing homes when compared to prevalence estimates.
Optimization of the channel filter in OFDM radio receivers by using genetic algorithms

This paper proposes a novel method for deriving optimized transfer functions for channel filters in OFDM receivers with Zero Intermediate Frequency architectures. A genetic algorithm is employed, based on only three selection criteria that independently control the pass band and the stop band of the filter. Another special feature of this method is that the disruptive effect of the signals from the adjacent bands is analyzed in detail by using a purpose-built OFDM signal generator. This way the mean attenuation in the adjacent band can be maximized effectively. A Matlab implementation of the proposed method is presented, along with a design example.
Outcomes regarding the central nervous system in children with complex congenital cardiac malformations

The number of children now surviving surgical interventions because of congenital cardiac disease continues to increase. Indeed, it is estimated that, by the end of 2005, there will be more adults than children with congenital cardiac malformations. The complex challenges facing this growing population are only now becoming apparent, including the continued hazard for mortality, the risk of reoperation, and newly-emerging late sequels of surgery. In particular, children with severe lesions requiring intervention in the neonatal period are surviving at levels thought to be highly improbable no more than two decades ago. Heralded by the availability of prostaglandin E1 in the late 1970s, improvements in technology, such as echocardiography, and color Doppler in particular, intensive care and intraoperative support, have recently allowed surgeons to reconstruct the hearts of many children with otherwise lethal defects. Much of the published literature has focused on the cardiac sequels in this population. Increasing attention has recently been given, nonetheless, to the neurodevelopmental outcomes in this population of patients.
Use of the Haddon Matrix as a Tool for Assessing Risk Factors for Sharps Injury in Emergency Departments in the United Arab Emirates

We investigated the epidemiology and prevention of sharps injuries in the United Arab Emirates. Among 82 emergency nurses and 38 doctors who responded to our questionnaire, risk factors for sharp device injuries identified using the Haddon matrix included personal factors (for the pre-event phase, a lack of infection control training, a lack of immunization, and recapping needles, and for the postevent phase, underreporting of sharps injuries) and equipment-related factors (for the pre-event phase, failure to use safe devices; for the event phase, failure to use gloves in all appropriate situations). Nearly all injuries to doctors were caused by suture needles, and among nurses more than 50% of injuries were caused by hollow-bore needles.
[Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on soil respiration in a Bambusa pervariabilis x Dendrocala mopsi plantation in rainy area of West China].

From January 2008 to February 2009, a field experiment was conducted in Rainy Area of West China to understand the effects of nitrogen (N) deposition on the soil respiration in a Bambusa pervariabilis x Dendrocala mopsi plantation. Four treatments were installed, i. e. , no N added (control), 5 g N m(-2) a(-1) (low-N), 15 g N m(-2) a(-1) (medium-N), and 30 g N m(-2) a(-1) (high-N), and soil respiration rate was determined by infra-red CO2 analyzer. In the plantation, soil respiration rate had an obvious seasonal change, with the maximum in July and the minimum in January. In control plot, the annual cumulative soil respiration was (389 +/- 34) g m(-2) a(-1). Soil respiration rate had significant positive exponential relationships with soil temperature at 10 cm depth and air temperature, and significant positive linear relationships with soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN). Simulated N deposition promoted soil respiration significantly, with significant differences between the low- and medium-N and the control but no significant difference between high-N and the control. In control plot, surface soil (0-20 cm) MBC and MBN were 0.460 and 0.020 mg g(-1), respectively. In N-added plots, both the MBC and the MBN had significant increase. The fine root density in surface soil was 388 g m(-2), which was less affected by simulated N deposition. The soil respiration Q10 value calculated from soil temperature at 10 cm depth and air temperature was 2.66 and 1.87, respectively, and short-term N deposition had lesser effects on the Q10 value. The variation of soil respiration in the plantation was mainly controlled by temperature and soil microbial biomass, and simulated N deposition could increase the CO2 emission via increasing soil microbial biomass.
Horizontal plane motion control of AUV based on active disturbance rejection controller

Autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is a nonlinear system with characteristics of strong coupling, parameter perturbations, non-modeling disturbance, and vulnerable to the external environment (waves, currents, etc.) disturbance, etc. In this paper, studies the method based on active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) to meet the AUV underwater autonomous navigation and high precision control performance index. ADRC has strong ability of anti-interference, it can attribute system's internal and external disturbance to the system's total disturbance, implementation of the system's real-time estimation and effective compensation. The result of simulation shows that the AUV ADRC horizontal movement system designed in this paper, can effectively resist the influence of external environment disturbing force such as currents, effectively improve the anti-interference performance of the system. Compared with the classical PID control, this method can better meet the requirements of system for high precision control performance index.
Ancient Geodynamics and Global-Scale Hydrology on Mars

Loading of the lithosphere of Mars by the Tharsis rise explains much of the global shape and long-wavelength gravity field of the planet, including a ring of negative gravity anomalies and a topographic trough around Tharsis, as well as gravity anomaly and topographic highs centered in Arabia Terra and extending northward toward Utopia. The Tharsis-induced trough and antipodal high were largely in place by the end of the Noachian Epoch and exerted control on the location and orientation of valley networks. The release of carbon dioxide and water accompanying the emplacement of ∼3 × 108 cubic kilometers of Tharsis magmas may have sustained a warmer climate than at present, enabling the formation of ancient valley networks and fluvial landscape denudation in and adjacent to the large-scale trough.
Simulation of Silicon Photomultiplier Signals

In a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM), also referred to as multi-pixel photon counter (MPPC), many Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes (GM-APDs) are connected in parallel so as to combine the photon counting capabilities of each of these so-called microcells into a proportional light sensor. The discharge of a single microcell is relatively well understood and electronic models exist to simulate this process. In this paper we introduce an extended model that is able to simulate the simultaneous discharge of multiple cells. This model is used to predict the SiPM signal in response to fast light pulses as a function of the number of fired cells, taking into account the influence of the input impedance of the SiPM preamplifier. The model predicts that the electronic signal is not proportional to the number of fired cells if the preamplifier input impedance is not zero. This effect becomes more important for SiPMs with lower parasitic capacitance (which otherwise is a favorable property). The model is validated by comparing its predictions to experimental data obtained with two different SiPMs (Hamamatsu S10362-11-25u and Hamamatsu S10362-33-25c) illuminated with ps laser pulses. The experimental results are in good agreement with the model predictions.
Effects of Family Income and Life Cycle Stages on Financial Asset Ownership

This study investigated the effects of income and life cycle variables on the ownership of eleven household held financial assets, using the 1989 Survey of Consumer Finance. Logistic regression indicated that life cycle variables, such as household head's age, marital status, employment status, and child's presence, influenced ownership of 11 financial assets. The results can be used to construct various family life cycle scenarios to improve educational and business programs in financial planning and counseling.
Etude expérimentale des phénomènes transitoires sismo-électromagnétiques: Mise en oeuvre au Laboratoire Souterrain de Rustrel, Pays d'Apt

La propagation d'ondes sismiques dans les milieux poreux contenant des fluides engendre des phenomenes electromagnetiques dus a des couplages electrocinetiques a l'echelle des pores. Ces effets sont percus comme une nouvelle methode de caracterisation des milieux poreux avec des applications potentiellement importantes en geophysique de reservoir. Afin de mieux comprendre les mecanismes de conversion d'energie sismique en energie electromagnetique, nous avons construit une experience analogique dans le Laboratoire Souterrain a Bas Bruit (LSBB, Rustrel). Le dispositif experimental est constitue d'une colonne cylindrique (1 m de haut et 8 cm de diametre) remplie de sable de Fontainebleau et equipee d'accelerometres piezoelectriques, d'electrodes non polarisables et de magnetometres a induction. La comparaison des reponses sismo-electromagnetiques en milieu sec ou humide permet de confirmer l'origine electrocinetique des phenomenes observes. Les differences de vitesse apparente des champs sismique et electrique (1250 m/s) d'une part, et magnetique (800 m/s) d'autre part, montrent que le champ sismo-magnetique est couple aux modes de propagation transverses. Cette etude s'enrichit par ailleurs d'une serie d'observations du champ sismo-electrique qui soulignent l'interet de telles mesures sur le terrain. Ce travail montre egalement la necessite de poursuivre le developpement de la theorie des effets electrocinetiques en milieu partiellement sature.
Avaliação de Critérios e Ferramentas de Teste para Programas OO

xiii 1 Introducao 1 1.1 Contexto . 1 1.2 Motivacao e Relevância . 3 1.3 Objetivos . 5 1.4 Organizacao do Trabalho . 5 2 Revisao Bibliografica 7 2.1 Consideracoes Iniciais . 7 2.2 Visao Geral de Teste de Software . 7 2.2.1 Fases do Teste de Software . 9 2.2.2 Tecnicas de Teste de Software . 10 2.2.3 Ferramentas de Teste de Software . 14 2.3 Teste de Software Orientado a Objetos . 15 2.3.1 Orientacao a Objetos: Terminologia e Conceitos Basicos . 15 2.3.2 Efeitos Colaterais no Contexto Orientado a Objetos . 17 2.3. 3 Fases do Teste de Software Orientado a Objetos . 18 2.3. 4 Tecnicas de Teste de Software Orientado a Objetos . 20 2.3. 5 Ferramentas de Teste de Software Orientado a Objetos . 21 2.4 Consideracoes Finais . 24 3 Ferramentas de Teste de Software OO: Definicao do Ambiente EvalTool 25 3.1 Consideracoes Iniciais . 25 3.2 Definicao do Ambiente EvalTool . 26 3.2.1 Questionario de Avaliacao . 26 3.2.2 Revisoes de Usuarios . 27
Prote in-load ed poly ( e-caprolac ton e ) m ic ropartic le s

T he aim of this work was to optimize protein entrapment in pure poly("caprolactone) (PCL) microparticles (MP) using the (water-in-oil)-in water solvent evaporation technique and bovine serum albumin (BSA) as drug model. T herefore, the preparative variables such as polymer solvent, protein/polymer ratio, polymer molecular weight, internal aqueous/organic phases ratio, organic/ external aqueous phase ratio, and nature of the emulsi® er were evaluated on microparticle characteristics such as BSA entrapment, entrapment e ciency, size and morphology. T he in v itro release pro® les of BSA from such MP in two di erent media with or without sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) were investigated. In optimum conditions, smooth and spherical pure PCL MP with high encapsulation e ciency (50.29 5.01%) were prepared. T he release pro® les of BSA in the release media were signi® cantly di erent and faster in the presence of SDS. Moreover, they exhibited a relatively low burst e ect after 24 h (<30%) followed by a continuous release over 28 days. Due to PCL ’s numerous desirable characteristics, such MP could be an exciting alternative for the controlled release of proteinaceous compounds.