Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Sleep breathing disorders and nocturnal respiratory pattern in patients with Glycogenosis type II

Patients affected by glycogenosis type II frequently present sleepdisordered breathing. The presence of symptoms suggestive of sleep breathing disorders was investigated, by a questionnaire, in 10 patients, affected by adult or juvenile forms of glycogenosis type II. Diurnal respiratory function, diaphragm weakness and nocturnal respiratory pattern were evaluated at the enrolment. In patients presenting sleep disordered breathing, the same parameters were re-evaluated after treatment with assisted non invasive ventilation. Out of 10 patients, 5 presented symptoms suggestive of sleep-disordered breathing at the baseline, 2 a pattern of sleep apnea syndrome and 3 nocturnal hypoventilation. All patients presented diaphragmatic weakness. No correlation was found between forced vital capacity values (FVC) in sit position and nocturnal respiratory disorders. Five patients with respiratory disorders were treated with non invasive ventilation. All patients – after one month of treatment - showed an improvement in symptoms with reduced diurnal hypersomnia (ESS < 10), absence of morning headaches and nocturnal awakenings, and reduced nicturia regardless the modality of ventilation. We recommend that all patients with glycogenosis type II, once diagnosed, are carefully monitored for the development of respiratory involvement, even in the absence of reduced FVC values and in the early stages of the disease, to receive appropriate therapy.
Compensatory Substitutions in the HIV-1 Capsid Reduce the Fitness Cost Associated with Resistance to a Capsid-Targeting Small-Molecule Inhibitor

ABSTRACT The HIV-1 capsid plays multiple roles in infection and is an emerging therapeutic target. The small-molecule HIV-1 inhibitor PF-3450074 (PF74) blocks HIV-1 at an early postentry stage by binding the viral capsid and interfering with its function. Selection for resistance resulted in accumulation of five amino acid changes in the viral CA protein, which collectively reduced binding of the compound to HIV-1 particles. In the present study, we dissected the individual and combinatorial contributions of each of the five substitutions Q67H, K70R, H87P, T107N, and L111I to PF74 resistance, PF74 binding, and HIV-1 infectivity. Q67H, K70R, and T107N each conferred low-level resistance to PF74 and collectively conferred strong resistance. The substitutions K70R and L111I impaired HIV-1 infectivity, which was partially restored by the other substitutions at positions 67 and 107. PF74 binding to HIV-1 particles was reduced by the Q67H, K70R, and T107N substitutions, consistent with the location of these positions in the inhibitor-binding pocket. Replication of the 5Mut virus was markedly impaired in cultured macrophages, reminiscent of the previously reported N74D CA mutant. 5Mut substitutions also reduced the binding of the host protein CPSF6 to assembled CA complexes in vitro and permitted infection of cells expressing the inhibitory protein CPSF6-358. Our results demonstrate that strong resistance to PF74 requires accumulation of multiple substitutions in CA to inhibit PF74 binding and compensate for fitness impairments associated with some of the sequence changes. IMPORTANCE The HIV-1 capsid is an emerging drug target, and several small-molecule compounds have been reported to inhibit HIV-1 infection by targeting the capsid. Here we show that resistance to the capsid-targeting inhibitor PF74 requires multiple amino acid substitutions in the binding pocket of the CA protein. Three changes in CA were necessary to inhibit binding of PF74 while maintaining viral infectivity. Replication of the PF74-resistant HIV-1 mutant was impaired in macrophages, likely owing to altered interactions with host cell factors. Our results suggest that HIV-1 resistance to capsid-targeting inhibitors will be limited by functional constraints on the viral capsid protein. Therefore, this work enhances the attractiveness of the HIV-1 capsid as a therapeutic target.
A Single-Switch BCI Based on Passive and imagined movements: toward Restoring Communication in Minimally Conscious patients

We investigate whether an electroencephalography technique could be used for yes/no communication with auditory scanning. To be usable by the target group, i.e., minimally conscious individuals, such a brain-computer interface (BCI) has to be very simple and robust. This leads to the concept of a single-switch BCI (ssBCI). With an ssBCI it is possible to reliably detect one certain, individually trained, brain pattern of the individual, and use it to control all kinds of applications using yes/no responses. A total of 10 healthy volunteers (20-27 years) participated in an initial cue-based session with a motor imagery (MI) task after brisk passive feet/hand movement. Four of them reached MI classification accuracies above 70% and, thus, fulfilled the inclusion criterion for participation in the 2nd session. In the 2nd session, MI was used to communicate yes/no answers to a series of questions in an auditory scanning mode. Two of the three participants of the 2nd session were able to reliably communicate their intent with 90% or above correct and 0% false responses. This work showed, for the 1st time, the use of a ssBCI based on passive and imagined movements for communication in auditory scanning mode.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of optimal P2Y12 blockade in dual antiplatelet therapy for patients with diabetes with acute coronary syndrome

Background Patients with diabetes are at increased risk of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and their mortality and morbidity outcomes are significantly worse following ACS events, independent of other comorbidities. This systematic review sought to establish the optimum management strategy with focus on P2Y12 blockade in patients with diabetes with ACS. Methods MEDLINE (1946 to present) and EMBASE (1974 to present) databases, abstracts from major cardiology conferences and previously published systematic reviews were searched to June 2014. Relevant randomised control trials with clinical outcomes for P2Y12 inhibitors in adult patients with diabetes with ACS were scrutinised independently by 2 authors with applicable data was extracted for primary composite end point of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke; enabling calculation of relative risks with 95% CI with subsequent direct and indirect comparison. Results Four studies studied clopidogrel in patients with diabetes, with two (3122 patients) having primary outcome data showing superiority of clopidogrel against placebo with RR0.84 (95% CI 0.72–0.99). Irrespective of management strategy, the newer agents prasugrel (2 studies) and ticagrelor (1 study) had a lower primary event rate compared with clopidogrel; RR 0.80 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.97) and RR 0.89 (95% CI 0.77 to 1.02), respectively. When ticagrelor was indirectly compared with prasugrel, there was a trend to an improved primary outcome with prasugrel (RR 1.11 (95% CI 0.94 to 1.31)) particularly in those managed with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (RR 1.23 (95% CI 0.95 to 1.59)). Prasugrel demonstrated a statistical superiority with prevention of further MI with RR 1.48 (95% CI 1.11 to 1.97). This was not at the expense of increased major thrombolysis in MI (TIMI) bleeding rates RR 0.94 (95% CI 0.59 to 1.51). Conclusions This meta-analysis shows the addition of a P2Y12 inhibitor is superior to placebo, with a trend favouring the use of prasugrel in patients with diabetes with ACS, particularly those undergoing PCI.
Education to Liberate Woman of Bajarese Tribe from qKawin Anomq Culture in South Kalimantan

Education is an important point to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) since education is a human right. Education has positive effect to all human aspects. One of the positive effects is through education which has positive relationship with the age of first marriage especially for woman. The objective of this paper is to learn about role of education for woman in order to liberate woman of Banjarese tribe from Kawin Anom culture or early marriage. In this paper, the researcher used primer data analysis from sensus data her in dissertation research. The respondents of the research were women who have marriage for the first time at the age of 16-30 and have been living for about 5 years in the research area. They are those who both have legal marriage according to religious rule and goverment’s rule applied in Indonesia. The variables are women having marriage at the age of 16-30 and education. From the results of the paper, education is found to be able to liberate woman from Kawin Anom culture which is still strong in the research area because of the reason that the women are still having their education or they want to study for higher education. These reasons help the women reach their right of education, as one of women’s rights which has been neglected due to Kawin Anom or early marriage culture. Keywords— Education, Woman, Kawin Anom Culture, Banjarese Tribe
Radiation leakage tests in the Radiology Department of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine in Istanbul University

During the X-Ray machines are used, if the protection from X-Ray is insufficient, not only the patient but also the user is exposured with high X-Ray dosage and he/she is affected from X-Ray in related to the dose level. In this study, by testing the radiological leakage in Radiology Departmant of Istanbul Health Faculty in Istanbul University, the effects of X-Ray to both the user and the patients who are located near the radiography room, were investigated. For 100 kVp and 50 mAs, the measurements were performed in front of the user barrier (5 cm) and in the back of the user barrier (5 cm) to observe the amount of the radiation dose of the user, and they were performed when the door is open and closed to observe it of the patients who are located in the hall. From the measurement results, it was seen that the user barriers are appropriate to the standards in except for 1 room. In result, the knowledge about the radiation dose affecting the user was obtained, and by informing the user and the management of the hospital, the necessary regulations were planned.
Cryptogenic stroke

In about a quarter of ischaemic strokes the cause is undetermined, because the investigation is incomplete or delayed, because there are multiple causes or because the stroke is truly cryptogenic. Cryptogenic stroke can be further classified as non‐embolic or embolic. Embolic stroke of undetermined source can be due to paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, minor emboligenic cardiac conditions, atheroembolism, cancer associated and paradoxical embolism through a patent foramen ovale (PFO) or less often a pulmonary fistula. Currently, risk factor control, statins and antiplatelets are the main therapeutic measures to prevent recurrent stroke. There is no evidence to implement routine closure of PFO in patients with cryptogenic stroke. Direct anticoagulants are being evaluated in randomized controlled trials including embolic stroke of undetermined source patients. Advances in high resolution ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging of extracranial and intracranial vessels and of the heart and prolonged heart rhythm monitoring will be instrumental techniques to identify arterial and cardiac hidden causes of stroke.
Interstitial deletion 14q22.3‐q23.2: Genotype–phenotype correlation

The increasing use of molecular tools in genetic diagnosis has produced a surge in the detection of genomic imbalances. Among the growing number of newly discovered chromosome alterations are the interstitial deletions 14q21‐q23. In previous reports of this deletion, the patients appear to share ocular defects, pituitary alterations and hand/foot anomalies. Here, we present a 12‐year‐old girl with dysmorphic face, choanal atresia, gastroesophageal reflux, and moderate developmental delay, in whom an interstitial deletion 14q22.3‐q23.2 was detected using a 180k array comparative genome hybridization. The 6.5 Mb deletion contains 27 genes, including three genes of the SIX family: SIX1, SIX4, and SIX6. In mammals, Six1 has been shown to be involved in ocular differentiation, whereas Six4 and Six6 are primarily expressed in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and facial bones. We used data on mouse embryos to evaluate the expression of the SIX genes, as well as other representative genes lost in the current patient and a previously published case with a similar phenotype, in order to correlate their pattern of expression with the functional anomalies that constitute the patient's phenotype. We also explored the possibility of other genetic influences, such as the existence of an imprinted region in chromosome 14q, which may provide a better understanding of the observed clinical variability. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Post‐transcriptional enhancement of Escherichia coli bgl operon silencing by limitation of BglG‐mediated antitermination at low transcription rates

The silent bgl operon of Escherichia coli is activated by spontaneous mutations that derepress its promoter. In addition, expression depends on specific transcriptional antitermination within the operon by the antiterminator protein BglG. Here, we show that BglG‐mediated antitermination limits expression of the bgl operon when the cellular transcription rate is low. The expression levels of chromosomally encoded activated bgl operon alleles are low but increase significantly when BglG protein is provided in trans or when the expression is rendered inde‐pendent of BglG‐mediated antitermination by mutation of the terminator. Plasmid‐encoded activated bgl operon alleles are expressed at high levels. Moreover, a moderate (threefold) further increase in the transcription rate of chromosomally encoded activated bgl operon alleles in an rpoS mutant can result in high (up to 50‐fold increased) expression levels. These data show that the expression of the bgl operon does not correlate linearly with its cellular transcription rate. Moderate differences in the transcription initiation rate are amplified post‐transcriptionally into large changes in the expression level of the operon by the requirement of a threshold for BglG‐mediated antitermination. Implications for bgl operon regulation by global regulators H‐NS, RpoS and others are discussed.
CelTOS, a novel malarial protein that mediates transmission to mosquito and vertebrate hosts

The malarial parasite has two hosts in its life cycle, a vertebrate and a mosquito. We report here that malarial invasion into these hosts is mediated by a protein, designated cell‐traversal protein for ookinetes and sporozoites (CelTOS), which is localized to micronemes that are organelles for parasite invasive motility. Targeted disruption of the CelTOS gene in Plasmodium berghei reduced parasite infectivity in the mosquito host approximately 200‐fold. The disruption also reduced the sporozoite infectivity in the liver and almost abolished its cell‐passage ability. Liver infectivity was restored in Kupffer cell‐depleted rats, indicating that CelTOS is necessary for sporozoite passage from the circulatory system to hepatocytes through the liver sinusoidal cell layer. Electron microscopic analysis revealed that celtos‐disrupted ookinetes invade the midgut epithelial cell by rupturing the cell membrane, but then fail to cross the cell, indicating that CelTOS is necessary for migration through the cytoplasm. These results suggest that conserved cell‐passage mechanisms are used by both sporozoites and ookinetes to breach host cellular barriers. Elucidation of these mechanisms might lead to novel antimalarial strategies to block parasite's transmission.
8T SRAM with Mimicked Negative Bit-lines and Charge Limited Sequential sense amplifier for wireless sensor nodes

This design sets a record low energy consumption (average RD/WR) of 2.65pJ/access for a 64kbit embedded SRAM operating at 90MHz in 65nm LP CMOS. This low energy and variability resilient SRAM macro ensures write-ability with an innovative Mimicked Negative Bit-line technique. The novel low energy Charge Limited Sequential sense amplifier consumes 11.36fJ/decision and obtains σVoffset of 14.297mV without requiring calibration.
PRINCE: Privacy-Preserving Mechanisms for Influence Diffusion in Online Social Networks

This paper has been withdrawn by the author due to a crucial sign error in equation 1. With the advance of online social networks, there has been extensive research on how to spread influence in online social networks, and many algorithms and models have been proposed. However, many fundamental problems have also been overlooked. Among those, the most important problems are the incentive aspect and the privacy aspect (eg, nodes' relationships) of the influence propagation in online social networks. Bearing these defects in mind, and incorporating the powerful tool from differential privacy, we propose PRINCE, which is a series of \underline{PR}ivacy preserving mechanisms for \underline{IN}fluen\underline{CE} diffusion in online social networks to solve the problems. We not only theoretically prove many elegant properties of PRINCE, but also implement PRINCE to evaluate its performance extensively. The evaluation results show that PRINCE achieves good performances. To the best of our knowledge, PRINCE is the first differentially private mechanism for influence diffusion in online social networks.
Children’s takeaway and fast-food intakes: associations with the neighbourhood food environment

Abstract Objective The present study aimed to examine associations between availability of outlets where takeaway or fast food could be purchased and consumption of takeaway or fast food among children. Design Cross-sectional. Parents completed a questionnaire regarding the frequency per week their child usually ate takeaway or fast foods. The availability of outlets where these foods could be purchased close to home and en route to school was determined with a Geographic Information System (presence of any outlets and density of outlets within 800 m from home and along the route to school, and distance from home to closest outlet). Setting Greater Melbourne and Geelong, Australia. Subjects Three hundred and fifty-three children aged 5–6 years and 463 children aged 10–12 years. Results Overall, 69·4 % of children consumed takeaway or fast foods once weekly or more often. Only one measure of availability of outlets close to home was associated with consumption; each additional outlet within 800 m was associated with 3 % lower odds of consuming takeaway or fast foods at least once weekly (OR = 0·97, 95 % CI 0·95, 1·00). There were no associations between availability en route to school and the likelihood of consuming takeaway or fast food at least once weekly. Conclusions Access to outlets where takeaway or fast food could be purchased did not predict frequency of consumption of takeaway or fast food in the expected direction. Such relationships appear to be complex and may not be adequately captured by the measures of access included in the current study.
Direct antiatherosclerotic effects of PPAR agonists

Purpose of review Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors that mediate a range of important metabolic functions by transactivation, transrepression or corepression of various gene targets. PPAR agonists also have direct antiatherosclerotic effects, independent of their metabolic effects on glucose and lipid homeostasis. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the currently available evidence for a direct vasculoprotective effect of PPAR agonists. Recent findings Current studies have emphasized PPAR-mediated effects on inflammatory and immune responses, oxidative stress, the renin–angiotensin system and modulation of plaque composition. Furthermore, it has become evident that the relative activation of the different PPAR isoforms and the contribution of transactivation of target genes against transrepression of transcription factors need to be considered when assessing the vasculoprotective effects of PPAR agonists. Summary It is anticipated that the antiatherosclerotic effects of PPAR agonists observed in experimental studies will translate into reduced cardiovascular events. This promise is yet to be realized in short-to-medium term studies. Given the central role of the PPAR in gene regulation, particularly in metabolic states, it is possible that more targeted modulation of PPAR signalling may hold many rewards for the prevention of atherosclerosis.
Applications of metal complexes of Schiff bases-A review

, which are condensation products ofprimary amines and aldehydes or ketones (RCH=NR ′,where R & R ′ represents alkyl and / or aryl substituents). This paper reviews uses of Schif f bases and their metalcomplexes as catalysts, in various biological systems,polymers and dyes, besides some uses as antifertilityand enzymatic agents.
The selectee and his complaints.

The incidence was given of complaints among certain groups of selectees as ascertained by the use of a psychiatric questionnaire. A number of observations were made as to the significance of these complaints and their evaluation by the psychiatrist at an induction station. Morale as a prognostic factor is discussed, and in the less severe neurotic morale was considered the determining factor as to suitability for military service.
Comparison of Intrinsic Optical Signals Associated with Low Mg2+– and 4‐Aminopyridine–Induced Seizure‐Like Events Reveals Characteristic Features in Adult Rat Limbic System

Summary: Purpose: To analyze the intrinsic optical signal change associated with seizure‐like events in two frequently used in vitro models—the low‐Mg2+ and the 4‐aminopyridine (4‐AP) models—and to monitor regions of onset and spread patterns of these discharges by using imaging of intrinsic optical signals (IOS).
Ultrasonic versus jet nebulization of iloprost in severe pulmonary hypertension.

Inhalation of iloprost, a stable prostacyclin analogue, is a promising perspective in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. In initial clinical studies, a conventional jet nebulizer system was successfully used to decrease pulmonary vascular resistance and pressure, requiring however, up to twelve inhalations of 12-15 min per day. The aim of this study was to investigate if the application of an equal dose of iloprost at a drastically reduced duration of inhalation with the use of a more efficient ultrasonic nebulizer, leads to comparable haemodynamic effects, without escalation of side effects. The physical features of the jet nebulizer system (Ilo-Neb) and the ultrasonic nebulizer (Multisonic Compact) were characterized by laser diffractometry and a Tc99m-tracer technique. Mass median aerodynamic diameters were 3.2 microm for the jet and 3.9 microm for the ultrasonic nebulizer. Total output (mean+/-SD) was 60+/-7 microL.min(-1) (jet) and 163+/-15 microL.min(-1)(ultrasonic), and efficiency of the devices was 39+/-3% (jet) and 86+/-5% (ultrasonic). Based on these data, a total inhalative dose of 2.8 microg iloprost was delivered by jet nebulization within 12 min and by ultrasonic nebulization within 4 min, in 18 patients with severe primary and secondary pulmonary hypertension (New York Heart Association class III and IV), in a randomized crossover design. Haemodynamics were assessed by right heart catheterization. Inhalation with the ultrasonic device and jet nebulizer, reduced mean+/-SEM pulmonary artery pressure from 54.3+/-2.1 to 47.1+/-2.0 and from 53.5+/-2.2 to 47.0+/-2.2 mmHg, respectively, and mean+/-SEM pulmonary vascular resistance from 1,073+/-109 to 804+/-87 and from 1,069+/-125 to 810+/-83 dyn.s. cm(-5), respectively. Both modes of aerosolization were well tolerated. In conclusion, due to the markedly higher efficiency and output of the ultrasonic device, wastage of drug is largely avoided and the duration of inhalation can be shortened to one-third, with comparable haemodynamic effects and without enforcing side effects.