Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive investigation on afternoon transition of the atmospheric boundary layer over a tropical rural site

Abstract. The transitory nature of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) a few hours before and after the time of sunset has been studied comprehensively over a tropical station, Gadanki (13.45° N, 79.18° E), using a suite of in situ and remote sensing devices. This study addresses the following fundamental and important issues related to the afternoon transition (AT): which state variable first identifies the AT? Which variable best identifies the AT? Does the start time of the AT vary with season and height? If so, which physical mechanism is responsible for the observed height variation in the start time of the transition? At the surface, the transition is first seen in temperature (T) and wind variance (σ2WS), ~ 100 min prior to the time of local sunset, then in the vertical temperature gradient and finally in water vapor mixing ratio variations. Aloft, both signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and spectral width (σ) show the AT nearly at the same time. The T at the surface and SNR aloft are found to be the best indicators of transition. Their distributions for the start time of the AT with reference to time of sunset are narrow and consistent in both total and seasonal plots. The start time of the transition shows some seasonal variation, with delayed transitions occurring mostly in the rainy and humid season of the northeast monsoon. Interestingly, in contrast to the general perception, the signature of the transition is first seen in the profiler data, then in the sodar data, and finally in the surface data. This suggests that the transition follows a top-to-bottom evolution. It indicates that other processes, like entrainment, could also play a role in altering the structure of the ABL during the AT, when the sensible heat flux decreases progressively. These mechanisms are quantified using a unique high-resolution data set to understand their variation in light of the intriguing height dependency of the start time of the AT.
Isolation of antagonistic Trichoderma spp. against selected phytopathogenic fungi from the field soils in Kelantan

Aims: Trichoderma is a soil borne mycoparasitic fungus which comprises a number of fungal strains that act as biocontrol agent. In this present study have investigated the diversity of Trichoderma in different cultivated soils in state of Kelantan. The effectiveness of biocontrol agent of isolated Trichoderm species was evaluated against the phytopathogen of Pyricularia oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum, and Ganoderma boninense. Methodology and results: The identification experiment was carried out on the basis of morphological characteristics as colony appearance, shapes and size of conidia, the branching patterns of conidiophores and phialides. Then, the effectiveness of biocontrol agent of Trichoderma species against the pathogens was tested in plate assay experiment. A total of 11 isolates were obtained from three different cultivated soils from Jeli (J), Machang (M) and Pasirmas (P). Morphological studies data identified as two groups of Trichoderma species as Trichoderma harzianum, and Trichoderma koningii. All the isolates showed the antagonistic activity against the pathogens while T. harzianum strain THMPA1 showed highest antagonistic activity of 80.00% against P. oryzae and in T. koningii strain TKMPA3 group showed highest antagonistic activity of 69% against P. oryzae. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Among the 11 isolates of Trichoderma, the species of T. harzianum strain THMPA1 was the best as biocontrol agent against P. oryzae. Thus, diversity of Trichoderma species study is important to find promising species isolation of Trichoderma species which will be influenced in future to sustainable crop production and maintain green environment.
Modified Single Phase SRF d-q Theory Based Controller for DVR Mitigating Voltage Sag in Case of Nonlinear Load

This paper mainly concentrates on design of improved controller and its implementation based on single phase synchronous reference frame theory (SRFT) for Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) compensating voltage sag particularly for nonlinear load. In case of single phase distribution line with nonlinear load, the complexity of controller’s design becomes more serious issue. The present single phase and/or three phase theories applicable to DVR shows poor response to restore voltage sag in case of nonlinear load due to presence of harmonics. Hence restoration of voltage sag in single phase nonlinear load connected system has been a serious concern. Therefore, new controller for DVR has been proposed incorporating effective design concept for fundamental component extraction in case of nonlinear load. The single phase SRFT based main controller for DVR works on two separate closed path viz. feed forward path for quick transient response and feedback path for reducing the steady state error. Moreover, pre-sag mitigation strategy of DVR has been adapted through these two aforementioned paths. Complete design of proposed controller is based on phasor analysis. It also consist of proportional integral (PI) controller to reduce the error in the DC-link voltage during compensation time. The controller performance has been verified in MATLAB Simulink for both types (linear and nonlinear) of load. The results obtained indicates that the proposed controller is effective in its performance.
miRNA-target network analysis in non-small cell lung cancer

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) as small and endogenous noncoding RNAs regulate gene expression by repressing mRNA translation or decreasing stability of mRNAs and has proven key roles in different types of cancers. Accumulating evidences indicate the role of microRNAs in a wide range of biological process from oncogenesis and tumor suppressors to participate in tumor development. Lung cancer specially non-small cell lung cancer is a frequently encountered challenging type of cancer, therefore exploring interactions among underlying biological units such as miRNA and their targets may be leads to identifying predominant clues involved in this malignancy. In this study differentially expressed miRNAs as an output of miARma-Seq tool from which 5 miRNA had experimentally validated targets in miRTarBase database were identified. Also transcription factors which enriched as regulators of them and biological process whereby these targets involved in were explored. Finally regulatory network of the rest of differentially expressed miRNAs was seek from MicroCosm and TargetScan. As a result we noticed that the most of target genes and transcription factors had direct relationship with lung cancer that might be imply on a strong conservation in a triangle of miRNA, target genes and a specific disease. These findings could be a potential bridge between miRNAs and non-small cell lung cancer invasive manner.
Optimization of a Two-Echelon Location Lot-Sizing Routing Problem with Deterministic Demand

This paper aims to solve a multiperiod location lot-sizing routing problem with deterministic demand in a two-echelon network composed of a single factory, a set of potential depots, and a set of customers. Solving this problem involves making strategic decisions such as location of depots as well as operational and tactical decisions which include customers’ assignment to the open depots, vehicle routing organization, and inventory management. A mathematical model is presented to describe the problem and a genetic algorithm combined with a local search procedure is proposed to solve it and is tested over three sets of instances.
Impact-based planning evaluation: Advancing normative criteria for policy analysis

Planning decisions have considerable impacts on both natural and built environments. The impacts of these decisions may remain for many decades and many are irreversible. In order to gain a better understanding of these long-standing impacts, planners require a systematic approach to evaluate the planning policy instruments utilised. The literature on planning evaluation shows that most studies have taken a conformance-based evaluation approach, where the success of a planning policy instrument is based on the degree of conformity between the policy outcomes and its intended objectives. While evaluating such criteria is necessary, it is hardly ever sufficient largely because of unintended effects. This paper proposes an impact-based approach to planning evaluation that incorporates all the impacts, intended and otherwise, that a planning policy instrument may bring about, irrespective of the initial objectives of the policy. Using a number of economic and planning theories, this paper argues that, in addition to conformance and performance, other normative evaluation criteria, such as, efficiency, equity, social and political acceptability, and institutional arrangements, should be included to emphasise the importance of planning decisions and their substantial impacts on quality of life, social justice, and sustainability.
Toward the Minimal Volume of Exercise for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes and Pre-Diabetes

Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT, 2h glucose 140-199 mg/dl), impaired fasting glucose (IFG, fasting glucose 100-125 mg/dl) and Type 2 diabetes (T2D) are conditions characterized by varying levels of insulin resistance causing hyperglycemia on the background of an insulin secretion defect. Patients with IGT and/or IFG are often regarded as having pre-diabetes. Rising levels of obesity and insufficient physical activity are independent risk factors for insulin resistance/diabetes [1]. In fact, these have resulted in a high prevalence of pre-diabetes (35% in American adults, 2008) and T2D (8.3% in Americans, 2011) [2]. Moreover, the prevalence of T2D is increasing rapidly in the US and throughout the world [2]. T2D is associated with substantial human costs in terms of reduced quality of life and life expectancy, and management of the symptoms and secondary complications of T2D accounts for a considerable proportion of total public health care expenditures. Exercise training is a recognized, although relatively underutilized strategy that is central to the prevention, care and management of T2D and pre-diabetes [3].
Separating refractory and non-refractory particulate chloride and estimating chloride depletion by aerosol mass spectrometry in a marine environment

Abstract. Aerosol composition and concentration measurements along the coast of California were obtained using an Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-AMS) onboard the research vessel Atlantis during the CalNex study in 2010. This paper focuses on the measurement of aerosol chloride using the HR-AMS that can be ambiguous in regions with significant quantities of sea salt aerosols. This ambiguity arises due to large differences in the sensitivity of the HR-AMS to refractory chloride species (i.e., NaCl) and non refractory chloride species (i.e., NH4Cl, HCl, etc.). Using the HR-AMS, the aerosol chloride signal is typically quantified using ion signals for 35Cl+, H35Cl+, 37Cl+ and H37Cl+ (HxClp). During this study, the highest aerosol chloride signal was observed during sea sweep experiments when the source of the aerosol chloride was NaCl present in artificially generated sea salt aerosols even though the HR-AMS has significantly lower sensitivity to such refractory species. Other prominent ion signals that arise from NaCl salt were also observed at m/z 22.99 for Nap and m/z 57.96 for Na35Clp during both sea sweep experiments and during periods of ambient measurements. Thus, refractory NaCl contributes significantly to the HxClp signal, interfering with attempts to quantify non sea salt chloride (nssCl). It was found that during ambient aerosol measurements, the interference in the HxClp signal from sea salt chloride (ssCl) was as high as 89%, but with a study wide average of 10%. The Na35Clp ion signal was found to be a good tracer for NaCl. We outline a method to establish nssCl in the ambient aerosols by subtracting the sea salt chloride (ssCl) signal from the HxClp signal. The ssCl signal is derived from the Na35Clp ion tracer signal and the HxClp to Na35Clp ratio established from the sea sweep experiments. Ambient submicron concentrations of ssCl were also established using the Na35Clp ion tracer signal and a scaling factor determined through simultaneous measurements of submicron aerosol chloride on filters. This scaling factor accounts for the low vaporization response of the AMS heater to ssCl, although regular calibration of this response is recommended in future applications. It follows that true total particulate chloride (pCl) is the sum of nssCl and ssCl. In this study, the median levels observed for the concentrations of pCl, nssCl and ssCl were 0.052, 0.017 and 0.024 μg m−3 respectively. The average contributions of nssCl and ssCl to pCl were 48 and 52% respectively, with nssCl dominating in periods of continental outflow and ssCl dominating during other periods. Finally, we propose a method to measure percentage chloride depletion of NaCl in ambient submicron sea salt aerosols, strictly using the AMS measurements of Nap and Na35Clp ion signals. The median chloride depletion in submicron aerosols in this study was found to be 78%.
Young People’s Video Productions as New Sites of Learning

Jacob, a twelve-year-old boy, shows me his latest video production: a skateboarding DVD. The title of the DVD, Get Out, refers to a sequence in the video when the skateboarders are chased away from a site where they practise their tricks. The DVD is presented with a printed covering, designed by Jacob, complete with his company name, Mimic Films. Playing the DVD reveals a stylized menu accompanied by the sound of skateboard wheels on pavement. As I click through the menu options, I am able to view carefully edited movies of Jacob and his friends doing tricks (or ‘bailing’), each accompanied by a different style of music. Jacob tells me that he would like to run a skateboard company selling skateboards and accessories (including DVDs). He has already sold a few of his skateboarding DVDs, thanks in part to a teacher who was so impressed with the videos that he shared the DVD with the entire year group.
CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTIONS TO INTERNATIONAL RELIEF AND DEVELOPMENT

This paper uses 1988-1991 state-level data to examine the effects of tax policy, income, and sociopolitical characteristics on charitable contributions to international relief and development. Unlike assistance to domestic religious, educational, cultural, health, and social welfare institutions, donations to organizations that primarily benefit foreigners provide no direct consumption value to the donor and are not subject to crowding-out by state and local governments. The paper finds that this type of charitable giving is sensitive to changes in both income and tax rates. The educational composition, age distribution, religiousness, and political orientation of each state are also important determinants of donative behavior.
Effects of renal angioplasty and angiotensin II receptor antagonism

Renovascular hypertension (RVH) caused by atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) is one of the most common forms of secondary hypertension. The prognosis for patients with RVH is much worse compared to patients with primary hypertension, and caused by a high cardiovascular morbidity. The aim of this thesis was to increase our knowledge about the pathophysiology of RVH and to identify novel treatment targets that could reduce cardiovascular risk in these patients. We investigated: 1) whether systemic inflammation and endothelin-1 (ET-1) are increased in patients with RVH and evaluated how treatment with percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) affected these variables; 2) lipoprotein abnormalities in patients with atherosclerotic renovascular disease (ARVD) and analyzed whether angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor antagonism with candesartan influenced lipoprotein levels; 3) whether plasma levels of brain natriuretic peptides (BNP) are increased in patients with ARAS and may predict favorable outcome of PTRA; and 4) the long-term effects of candesartan on kidney function, inflammatory biomarkers and ET-1 in patients with ARVD and residual hypertension after PTRA. In patients with significant renal artery stenosis (RAS) we found increased plasma levels of inflammatory biomarkers and ET-1 compared to healthy subjects. Intervention with PTRA triggered a rapid, transient increase in hs-CRP and IL-6. However, one month after PTRA, both IL-6 and ET-1 had decreased compared to before intervention. Patients with ARVD had elevated levels of atherogenic, triglyceride-rich, ApoC-III-containing lipoproteins in spite of ongoing treatment with statins. Treatment with candesartan did not correct these abnormalities. Patients with ARAS had increased plasma levels of BNP compared to healthy controls, but BNP concentrations were not affected by PTRA. Plasma levels of BNP could not be used to predict the outcome of PTRA on blood pressure. Candesartan did not have any significant effects on kidney function, inflammatory biomarkers or ET-1 in patients with ARVD during 35 months of follow up. In conclusion, patients with ARAS had increased levels of inflammatory biomarkers, ET-1, and ApoC-III-containing lipoproteins that may contribute to progressive atherosclerosis and accelerated cardiovascular disease. Intervention with PTRA reduced plasma levels of IL-6 and ET-1 indicating beneficial effects on inflammation and the endothelin system. Plasma concentrations of BNP could not be used to identify patients with a favorable outcome to PTRA.
The importance of cash holdings for acquiring companies in mergers and acquisitions

Cash holdings can be an important vehicle for firms to undertake value increasing investment opportunities, but also a source of agency costs. Using a sample of Mergers and Acquisitions of bidders from several countries: Germany, France, UK and US, between 1990 and 2015, I find a positive relation between excess cash and M&A activity. The results also suggest that smaller firms, with higher investment opportunities and riskier cash-flows tend to hold more cash. Additionally, I do not find any short-term significant stock market reaction to cash-rich bidder acquisitions, despite abnormal declines in post-merger operating performance. Finally, cash-rich firms use their cash rather than stock to finance these investment decisions.
Metaphorical Expressions of Temperature Sensory Words in the Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine

This article presents a study of metaphorical expressions of temperature sensory words in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). It demonstrates that TCM practitioners used the temperature sensory words such as “Heat” or “Cold” to illustrate the human body system including physiological functions, pathogenesis, therapeutic principles and herbs. Metaphorical mapping was applied for exploring and analyzing the expressions of “cold” and “heat” included in the language of TCM. Body experiences to nature and macro phenomena of nature are the foundation and logical materials. The results show that through sensory interaction in human body and nature, Chinese ancients spontaneously generate a novel reference-system of exploring the human body, as well as treatment of disease, which was made on the basis of referring to the theory of Yin-Yang. This theory forms a cognitive or cultural model underlying the metaphorical conceptualization and primitive thought in Chinese. This study shows that metaphors of temperature sensory words in TCM are primarily based on common bodily experience. It also provides empirical evidence, from a language of TCM, to support the claim that metaphor is essential in human understanding, meaning, and reasoning, even creating.
Unigene-based RNA-seq provides insights on drought stress responses in Marsdenia tenacissima

Marsdenia tenacissima is a well-known anti-cancer medicinal plant used in traditional Chinese medicine. Drought severely affects production and no information on its transcriptional responses to drought stress is available. In this study, cDNA libraries on control (CK), drought stress (T1), and re-watering (T2) treatments were constructed and HiSeq 2000 sequencing was performed using the Illumina platform. There were 43,129,228, 47,116,844, and 42,815,454 clean reads with Q20 values of 98.06, 98.04, and 97.88, respectively. A total of 8672, 6043, and 6537 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified when CK vs. T1, CK vs. T2, and T1 vs. T2, respectively, were analyzed. In addition, 1039, 1016, and 980 transcription factors (TFs) were identified in CK, T1, and T2, respectively. Among them, 363, 267, and 299 TFs were identified as DEGs in CK vs. T1, CK vs. T2, and T1 vs. T2, respectively. These differentially expressed TFs mainly belonged to the bHLH, bZIP, C2H2, ERF, MYB, MYB-related, and NAC families. A comparative analysis of CK vs. T1 and T1 vs. T2 found that 1174 genes were up-regulated and 2344 were down-regulated under drought stress and this pattern was the opposite to that found after re-watering. Among the 1174 genes up-regulated by drought stress, 64 were homologous to known functional genes that directly protect plants against drought stress. Furthermore, 44 protein kinases and 38 TFs with opposite expression patterns under drought stress and re-watering were identified, which are possibly candidate regulators for drought stress resistance in M. tenacissima. Our study is the first to characterize the M. tenacissima transcriptome in response to drought stress, and will serve as a useful resource for future studies on the functions of candidate protein kinases and TFs involved in M. tenacissima drought stress resistance.
Acute pancreatitis in dogs: A review

Acute pancreatitis is the more clinically recognized form of inflammation in pancreas. Failure of zymogens activation causes inflammation and necrosis of the pancreatic tissue thereby resulting in leakage of pancreatic digestive enzymes into the peritoneal space or the intravascular space. Chances of disease occurrence varies with respect to age, breeds etc. Dogs with acute pancreatitis attain “praying position” or “position of relief” in response to cranial abdominal pain. In addition, there is vomiting, anorexia and depression. Blood examination shows peripheral blood neutrophilia with a degenerative left shift, anemia and thrombocytopenia. Azotemia, hyperbilirubinemia, hypocalcemia, hyperglycemia and eleveted levels of liver enzymes are usual findings. Disease is diagnosed by radiography, ultrasonography, Computed tomography and immunological tests. Fluid therapy, plasma, analgesics, antiemetics are generally recomended. Also, dogs are provided healthy diet.
RED-DEPTH FOR TRUST EVALUATION IN SOCIAL NETWORKS

Inter-relationship between two things of similar kind or nature or group for long period of time is defined as Dyadic Communication. Dyad is a basis for Social networks. In general actors in a Social network initiate from a dyadic tie between them. These Social networks range from dyadic to meso and to macro. Analyzing the structure between the entities in a social network reveals the associated patterns existing between them. To describe the structure between two entities there may exist more than one pattern. Considering relations on these path patterns, finding out these structurally different patterns more than one is nothing but redescribing the relations between actors in the network. In this Paper an approach is presented to find those multiple patterns between two related objects. This approach has taken three steps. Initially obtain path patterns for the related pair. Weights are assigned to each path based on the type of relation the actors are bounded to. Weights of these path patterns are estimated and finally paths of similar and nearer weights are selected and found to be as relational redescriptions of the nodes of interest from the given graph. Experiments are done by considering simulated social network with relations and found our approach is efficient than the relational query mining approach.