Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Power-aware wireless mobile ad hoc networks

Power-aware protocol design is important due to the limited battery capacity of the mobile devices making up the ad hoc wireless network. The performance of the medium access control (MAC) scheme not only has a significant effect on the performance of the routing method employed, but also on the energy consumption of the wireless network interface card (NIC). Thus, a thorough energy-based comparative and performance study is essential to any bandwidth-based study. We explore the shortcomings of the MAC schemes proposed for ad hoc wireless networks in the context of power awareness herein. In addition, we investigate the potential energy consumption pitfalls of non-power-based and power-based routing schemes. Moreover, we introduce a thorough energy-based performance study of power-aware routing protocols for wireless mobile ad hoc networks. Our energy consumption model is based on an implementation of the IEEE 802.11 physical layer convergence protocol (PLCP) and MAC sublayers. We also present the statistical performance metrics measured by our simulations.
A Case Study of Error Analysis/Syntactic Maturity as Indicators of Second Language Writing Development.

The significance of errors and the best way to deal with them has always been a controversial issue in English as a second language (ESL) instruction. While an avoidance of errors has been the focus of many second language teachers, they have been reconsidering the best context or language learning. Moreover, students exiting ESL courses are now expected to write well in English as measured against standards established for writing in English as a native language. Therefore, ESL professionals must be affected by the new writing emphasis within the mainstream English teaching profession. In order to provide greater insight into the problems facing the increasing number of second language students at the college level, this study presents both a qualitative and quantitative perspective to second language writing development. Since not as much research has been conducted in second language writing as it has in first language writing, a rationale for analyzing errors and syntactic maturity to better understand strategies employed by students when writing in a second language is presented. This is a case study of a second language student's writing process and development over the course of two years.
Three dimensional reconstruction as an automatic modeling system

Research in three-dimensional (3D) scene reconstruction is aimed at developing techniques that enable a vision system to acquire 3D representations of its environment from sensory input. By introducing a new data structure, namely oriented surface models, this thesis presents a modeling system that is able not only to accumulate observed features from different views automatically, but also to recognize objects and retrieve processed information. The oriented surface data structure is a modified surface modeling method. It describes scene objects with locally defined surface primitives, and specifies surface geometric locations and topographical relations with homogeneous transformations. Its viewpoint independent object representation makes reconstruction systems capable of accumulating and identifying spatial features during model building and model retrieving. And its weighted vector chains provide a useful clue for a system to automatically check the closure of boundary surfaces and to estimate optimal viewing directions. The thesis briefly surveys issues of 3D reconstruction in the first several chapters, which includes techniques to extract and describe spatial features, build object models, and recognize objects. Following it are the description of the new data structure and a discussion of how it is applied to object reconstruction and recognition. The system has been simulated on SUN workstations with a group of graphics objects. The system's implementation and analysis, as well as experiments with real range images are discussed.
KIRNBERGER'S METHOD FOR TOSSING OFF SONATAS

T HE 18th-century German theorist and composer Johann Philipp Kirnberger was an eminently practical man. Both his first and last publications are thin pamphlets that proclaim short-cut techniques of composition. The Ever-Ready Polonaiseand Minuet-Composer, which appeared in both German and French in 1757, is a system for deriving endless permutations of the patterns in these dances from successive throws of a pair of dice. ' The Method for Tossing off Sonatas, which appeared in 1783, shortly before his death, is a system for borrowing and converting materials until the source is no longer recognizable.2 Some years ago the latter pamphlet came to my attention at the Library of Congress. It then seemed to offer only an amusing digression in a search for the earliest references to "sonata form. "' In fact, it and the earlier pamphlet were formerly regarded as intentional jests if not deliberate pieces of satire.4 But the relation of these pamphlets to Kirnberger's other works no longer leaves any doubt -at least, not in my own mind -that they were done in dead earnest. To argue the ingenuousness of the first pamphlet would mean touching on Kirnberger's special mathematical interests, an aspect of his writing that has already been explored elsewhere.5 To discover that the sonata 1Der allezeit fertige Polonoisenund Menuettencomponist, Berlin: G. L. Winter, 1757. 2 Methode Sonaten aus'm Ermel zu schiiddeln, Berlin: F. W. Birnstiel, 1783. 3 William S. Newman, The Recognition of "Sonata Form" by Theorists of the 18th and 19th Centuries, in Papers of the American Musicological Society, 1941 (1946), 25-26. The pamphlet is also noted in the illuminating article by Leonard G. Ratner, Eighteenth-Century Theories of Musical Period Structure, in The Musical Quarterly, XLII (1956), 446. It is given only a passing mention in the dissertation by Siegfried Borris, Kirnbergers Leben und Werk und seine Bedeutung fiir den Berliner Musikkreis um 1750, Kassel, 1934, p. 107. 4Both pamphlets are still classified as satirical under Kirnbcrge, in the 4th ed. of H. J. Moser's Musiklexikon (1955). s Hedwig Kraus, Musikalisches Wiirfelspiel, Seltsames aus der Werkstatt eines deutschen Musiktheoretikers, in Allgemeine Musikzeitung, LXVI (1939), 628 ff.
Multi-interface connectivity on Android

Recent studies have shown that a major fraction of data usage in mobile phones is web traffic [1]. Modern smart phones are equipped with multiple Each of these interfaces could potentially be used to connect to the web. However, mobile platforms such as Android and iOS allow only one interface to be operational at any given time. This thesis studies a new software architecture to enable efficient use of multiple network interfaces concurrently for a single download in modern mobile devices. Multi-interface connectivity can be supported at various layers in the network stack such as TCP (MPTCP), sockets, and the HTTP layer. The design choice to use the HTTP layer was motivated by our desire to seamlessly support existing applications without modifications from the apps or the web server. We exploit an existing option of byte range requests in the HTTP protocol specification. Our design proposes modifying HttpUrlConnection, a HTTP library in the Android Open Source Platform (AOSP). Our modifications allow the HttpUrlConnection library to concurrently maintain multiple open connections and use as many active interfaces available at any given time for one download while retaining the existing interface to applications. One tradeoff in this design is the size of each byte range request. We call this parameter chunk size. Larger sizes enable better utilization of the pipe (between the server and the client) by filling the TCP congestion window but ii increase the delay on slow connections. We study this tradeoff over Wi-Fi, 3G, and 4G connections. Our design allows variable chunk sizes, and give an efficient way to calculate it at runtime that trades off this latency. Due to the nature of range requests, our design introduces one round trip delay after every chunk. We also utilize HTTP pipelining to reduce one round-trip delay in request-response pairs, and demonstrate efficient utilization of multiple interfaces for large file downloads. Our current design enables usage of multiple interfaces concurrently over a single download. Future work includes extending this to multiple download. iii Acknowledgments
The interpretation of business communication

The unambiguous interpretation of the propositional and illocutionary act is of extreme importance in understanding linguistic coordination of business activities. In the interpretation of actual realizations of business conversations it can not always be determined unambiguously what kind of communication act the speaker is making. In this paper we focus on the interpretation of utterances in business communication. We propose two techniques to trace the structure of business conversations: Functional Grammar and the Transaction Process Model. The analysis is illustrated with a recorded conversation taken from a larger case study in a Dutch hotel.
Usability Testing of the ClassWide Peer Tutoring-Learning Management System

The usability of classroom interventions plays a significant role in the likelihood that they will reach wide scale use. The current report describes the usability testing of a software application designed for ClassWide Peer Tutoring (CWPT), a research-based classroom intervention. Initially, CWPT teachers rated the usability of the software and indicated how they used it in their classrooms. Then, teachers were observed completing seven common activities with the software. The following usability data were collected during the activities: how many teachers requested help and reported problems, what part of the software caused problems and prompted requests for help, and the time to complete activities. A part of the software was considered “difficult to use” if 40% or more teachers requested help with it or reported problems. After identifying the difficult-to-use parts of the software, the nature of the problem and how to correct it was assessed by reviewing teachers' specific questions and problems. Findings suggest that the software's usability ratings were much higher than its observed usability. The implications of usability evaluations beyond subjective ratings are discussed in terms of how to improve the scalability of educational interventions and technology.
Robust Detection Technique for Abandoned Objects to Overcome Visual Occlusion

Nowadays it is required to design intelligent visual surveillance systems which automatically detect abandoned objects in public places to strengthen the social safety. Already recognized abandoned objects can be occluded partially or fully by surrounding people in public places after the first recognition. To improve an essential recognition performance index PAT, the system should overcome the occlusion problems. In this research, a design scheme is newly proposed to construct the robust detection system which is comprised of multiple stages considering the occlusion problem. To show the feasibilities of the proposed system, the evaluation was tried for the prepared image streams including 6 various situations and the experimental results show 96% and 75% in PAT performance for intrusion and abandoning events, respectively. Finally in spite of full occlusions by multiple persons, the proposed system shows the capability to continuously recognize the abandoned object after complex occlusions disappear.
MSPML : Environnements de communication et tolerance aux pannes

Some problems require performance that only massively parallel computers offer, but their programming is still difficult. Works on functional programming and parallelism can be divided in two categories : explicit parallel extensions of functional languages – where resulting languages are either non-deterministic or non functional – and parallel implementations with functional semantics where resulting languages don’t express parallel algorithms directly and don’t allow the prediction of execution times. Algorithmic skeletons languages, in which only a finite set of operations (the skeletons) are run in parallel, constitutes an intermediate approach. Their functional semantics is explicit but their parallel operational semantics is implicit. The set of algorithmic skeletons has to be as complete as possible but it is often dependent on the domain of application. In a step which looks further into this intermediate position we find the objective to have universal languages in which the source code makes it possible to determine the cost. This last requirement requires that in the programs the places of the network of processors of the machine are explicit. Within this framework, MSPML library for Minimally Synchronous Parallel ML was born. It offers moreover an asynchronous semantics of evaluation, a property which proves very useful for unbalanced parallel programs. Communication environnements are at the base of the mechanism of communication for MSPML. In a first part, we discuss the implementation of a new mechanism of management of these environments, a mechanism which will solve the problems related to the asynchrony depth in particular for programs locally unbalanced. In a second part, we study the possibilities of equipping MSPML with a mechanism of fault-tolerance. An aspect which is essential today for the parallel and distributed systems. By this step we seek to give more reliability and availability to MSPML.
The formulation and optimization algorithm for mission scheduling problem of vehicles

The mission scheduling problem of Vehicles is formulated as a special multi-objective combinatorial optimization problem. The model takes the characteristics of problem into account, such as time window constraints and number of available vehicles, and is more suitable for applications compared with the previous formulations. Then a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm MSLUEA is proposed to solve the problem. Firstly, an effective heuristic construction algorithm is put forward to generate initial feasible solutions for the evolution process. The initial population comprises feasible solutions and random solutions to keep algorithm MSLUEA from sticking in a local optimum and taking a long time to converge as well. Then algorithm MSLUEA uses Pareto dominance based tournament selection with elitism mechanism to generate parent population which prevents bias to any objective. Problem specific evolutionary operators, including novel crossover operator and mutation operators are designed to ensure the feasibility of the children. Simulation results show that MSLUEA algorithm can solve the problem efficiently and has good convergence performance and multi-objective optimization effort. Key–Words: mission scheduling, multi-objective optimization, Pareto optimality
Joint Experiment on Scalable Parallel Processors (JESPP) Parallel Data Management

Abstract : The need to present quantifiable results from simulations to support transformational finds is driving the creation of very large and geographically dispersed data collections. The US Joint Forces Command is conducting a series of Urban Resolve experiments to investigate concepts for applying future technologies to join urban warfare. The recently concluded experiments utilized and integrated multiple Scalable Parallel Processors (SPP) sites distributed across the United States. This computational power is required to model futuristic sensor technology and the complexity of urban environments. The Urban Resolve simulation generated more than two terabytes of raw data at a rate of >10 gigabytes per hour. The size and distributed nature of this type of data collection pose significant challenges in developing the corresponding data-intensive applications that manage and analyze them. We present here a next generation data management and analysis tool, called Simulation Data Grid (SDG). The design principles driving the design of SDG are: 1) minimize network communication overhead by storing data near the point of generation and only selectively propagating the data as needed, and 2) maximize the use of SPP computational resources and storage by distributing analyses across SPP sites to reduce, filter and aggregate the data.
Proceedings of the joint conference on Languages, compilers and tools for embedded systems: software and compilers for embedded systems

This volume contains the proceedings of the Joint Languages, Compilers, and Tools for Embedded Systems (LCTES'02) and Software and Compilers for Embedded Systems (SCOPES'02) Conference. LCTES/SCOPES'02 took place in Berlin during June 19th to the 21st. For the first time, LCTES and SCOPES were held together, resulting in stimulating contacts between researchers predominantly having a background in programming languages and electronic design automation, respectively. Also, for the very first time, LCTES was held as a conference and not as a workshop.LCTES/SCOPES'02 received a total of 73 papers. During a comprehensive review process a total of 234 reviews were submitted. Finally, 25 papers were accepted and included in the resulting high-quality program. Accepted papers covered the following areas: compilers including low-energy compilation, synthesis, design space exploration, debugging and validation, code generation and register allocation, processor modeling, hardware/software codesign, and real-time scheduling.Accepted papers were grouped into 10 sessions. In addition, two invited keynotes given by Dr. Philippe Magarshack of STMicroelectronics and Prof. Gerhard Fettweis of Dresden University emphasized industrial view points and perspectives.
ISSUES IN MINING SURVEY DATA

A survey is a system for collecting information from or about people to describe, compare, or explain their knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. Today, billions of dollars are spent annually collecting survey data, and surveys are everywhere. The extensive use of surveys has lead to collection of huge amount of survey data. This massive amount of data is not of much use unless and until it is analyzed and some useful knowledge is extracted from it. For decades, statistics has been used as a tool for analyzing survey data. Hence, survey data are usually collected and recorded in a format suitable for statistical analysis. Recently, data mining has emerged as an active field for analyzing data. This has led the survey data organizers to record data in a format helpful for data miners. Great care is taken while collecting and recording data, but still there remain a few problems for data miners. In this project we present a few problems faced while mining survey data for association rules and present a solution to solve that problem. The purpose of a survey can range from describing some phenomenon, to establishing some relationships between variables. In this project, we concentrate on bivariate associations, that is, to see whether two variables are associated. We show how crosstabulations, a bivariate analysis technique can be used to determine bivariate associations. We show that the same information can be obtained from association
University of Birmingham Open Learner Models as Drivers for Metacognitive Processes

Maintaining a model of the learner’s understanding as they interact with an e-learning environment allows adaptation to the learner’s educational needs. An Open Learner Model makes this machine's representation of the learner available to them. Typically, the state of the learner's knowledge is presented in some form, ranging from a simple overall mastery score, to a detailed display of how much and what the learner appears to know, their misconceptions and their progress through a course. This means that an Open Learner Model provides a suitable interface onto the learner model for use by the learner, and in some cases for others who support their learning, including peers, parents and teachers. This chapter considers some of the similarities between the goals of supporting and encouraging metacognition in intelligent tutoring systems and learning in general, and the benefits of opening the learner model to the user. We provide examples of two important classes of open learner models: those within a particular teaching system and those that are first-class citizens with value independently of a teaching system. The chapter provides a foundation for understanding the range of ways that Open Learner Models have already been used to support learning as well as directions yet to be explored, with reference to encouraging meta-cognitive activity and self-directed learning.
An Undetectable Computer Virus

One of the few solid theoretical results in the study of computer viruses is Cohen's 1987 demonstration that there is no algorithm that can perfectly detect all possible viruses [1]. This brief paper adds to the bad news, by pointing out that there are computer viruses which no algorithm can detect, even under a somewhat more liberal definition of detection. We also comment on the senses of "detect" used in these results, and note that the immediate impact of these results on computer virus detection in the real world is small.
The Development of Decorative Gloss Paints in Britain and the United States C. 1910–1960

Abstract Since the early part of the twentieth century, decorative gloss paints have been used by numerous artists. Despite the fact that museums and galleries have been analysing the paint on such works of art for a number of years, the absence of a coherent, structured history of the developments made in the gloss paint industry makes it difficult to interpret these results, or place them within an historical context. In this paper, the history of the gloss paint industries in Britain and the United States from the 1910s to the 1960s is outlined. The focus is on the American company, DuPont, and the British company, Imperial Chemical Industries. The different types of natural and synthetic resins used in gloss paint manufacture are discussed, including naturally occurring oils, gums and resins, alkyd-modified nitrocellulose, and oil-modified alkyds. Specific examples of each type of paint found on works of art are also given.
The Non-Designer's Design Book, Second Edition

So you have a great concept and all the fancy digital tools you could possibly requirei¾? whati¾? s stopping you from creating beautiful pages? Namely the training to pull all of these elements together into a cohesive design that effectively communicates your message. Not to worry: This book is the one place you can turn to find quick, non-intimidating, excellent design help.In The Non-Designeri¾? s Design Book, 2nd Edition, best-selling author Robin Williams turns her attention to the basic principles of good design and typography. All you have to do is follow her clearly explained concepts, and youi¾? ll begin producing more sophisticated, professional, and interesting pages immediately. Humor-infused, jargon-free prose interspersed with design exercises, quizzes, illustrations, and dozens of examples make learning a snapi¾? which is just what audiences have come to expect from this best-selling author.