Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evidence for the involvement of corticotropin-releasing factor in the inhibition of gonadotropin release induced by hyperprolactinemia.

The hypothesis was tested that corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is involved in the inhibition of gonadotropin secretion during chronic hyperprolactinemia. Two models of hyperprolactinemia were used, namely inoculation with the prolactin (PRL)-secreting tumor 7315b and implantation of isogenic pituitary glands. Gonadectomized, adrenalectomized male rats received a testosterone capsule and a corticosterone pellet and were inoculated subcutaneously with tumor 7315b. Similar rats without tumor served as controls. The rats were studied 3-4 weeks later while anesthetized with urethane. Plasma testosterone and corticosterone were similar in the two groups of rats. Compared to controls, the tumor-bearing rats had significantly higher plasma levels of PRL (100-fold increase) and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH; 3-fold increase), whereas plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) had significantly decreased to 15 and 40%, respectively. CRF release into hypophysial stalk plasma was higher in rats with tumor 7315b than in controls (298 +/- 23 vs. 197 +/- 28 pg/h), and hypothalamic CRF content had increased from 3.0 +/- 0.3 to 4.3 +/- 0.3 ng. Male rats received 3 pituitary glands under the kidney capsule. Sham-operated rats served as controls. They were studied 5-7 weeks later while anesthetized with urethane. Compared to controls, pituitary-grafted rats had larger adrenals (49 +/- 4 vs. 34 +/- 2 mg), higher plasma PRL (156 +/- 18 vs. 52 +/- 8 ng/ml), ACTH (0.46 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.22 +/- 0.02 ng/ml) and corticosterone (455 +/- 39 vs. 268 +/- 14 ng/ml), and lower plasma levels of LH (21 +/- 2 vs. 41 +/- 6 ng/ml). (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Gastrointestinal tract complications of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. A prospective observational cohort study.

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal tract (GI) complications associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use are the most common serious adverse drug reactions in the United States. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs cause both minor GI side effects such as abdominal pain and vomiting and serious GI events such as ulcers and bleeding. This study evaluates the event rates for all NSAID-induced GI complications in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, describes the time course of these events, and evaluates the role of prophylactic therapy with antacids and H2 receptor antagonists. METHODS We studied 1921 patients with rheumatoid arthritis from 8 ARAMIS (Arthritis, Rheumatism, and Aging Medical Information System) centers. Patients were selected for the study if they were treated with NSAIDs and had at least 2.5 years of observation available. Information on GI complications attributed to NSAIDs was obtained from validated patient self-reports collected every 6 months and supplemented by review of hospital records for all hospitalizations. RESULTS Approximately 15% of the 1921 patients reported an NSAID-induced GI side effect during the 2.5 year observation period. Forty-two patients had a serious GI complication requiring hospitalization; 34 of these 42 patients did not have a preceding GI side effect. Patients who were taking antacids and H2 receptor antagonists did not have a significantly lower risk for serious GI complications than did those not taking such medications. Asymptomatic patients taking these medications had a significantly higher risk for GI complications compared with those who did not take these medications (standardized odds ratio, 2.14;95% confidence interval, 1.06-4.32). CONCLUSIONS A large majority of patients with serious GI complications do not have preceding mild side effects. Prophylactic treatment with antacids and H2 receptor antagonists is of questionable value and may increase the risk for subsequent serious GI complications.
Glial cells of the lamprey nervous system contain keratin‐like proteins

Lamprey axons regenerate following spinal cord transection despite the formation of a glial scar. As we were unable to derect a lamprey homologue of glial tibrillary acidic protien (GFAP), a major constituent of astrocytes, we studied the composition of intermediate filament(IF) proteins of lamprey glia. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were raised to lamprey spinal cord cytoskeletal extracts and these mAbs were characterized by using Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. On two‐dimensional (2‐D) Western blots, five of the mAbs detected three major IF polypeptides in the molecular weight (MW) range of 45–56 kD. Further studies were conducted to determine the relationship between the lamprey glial‐specific antigen and other mammalian IF proteins. Antikeratin 8 antibody recognized two of the three polypeptides. Several of the glial‐specific mAbs reacted with human keratins 8 and 18 on Western blots. Keratin‐like immunoreactivity was found in all parts of the central and peripheral nervous systems in both larval and adult lampreys. The immunocytochemical staining patterns of glial‐specific mAbs were indistinguishable on lamprey spinal cord sections. However, on brain sections, two distinct patterns were observed. A subset of mAbs stained only a few glial fibers in the brain, whereas others stained many more brain glia, particularly the ependymal cells. The former group of mAbs recognized only the two lower MW polypeptides on 2‐D Western blots, but the latter group of mAbs recognized all three mejor IF polypeptides. This correlation is supported by the observation that the highest MW IF polypeptide has an increased level of expression in the brain relative to the spinal cord. Thus, in the lamprey, the glial cells of both spinal cord and brain express molecules similar to simple epithelial cytokeratins, but their IFs may contain these keratins in different stoichiometric proportions. The widespread presence in the lamprey of primitive glial cells containing keratin‐like intermediate filaments may have significance for the extraordinary ability of lamprey spinal axons to regenerate.
Security issues in cloud computing for healthcare

ICT infrastructure in healthcare domain is improved with the advancement of technology. Health data consist multi-format data as it has text reports, MRI, CT-SCAN images, & pathological slides. Healthcare domain has a large volume of data which is archived as Electronic Health Record (EHR) and it has to be updated frequently. The data of the patients has to be available whenever and wherever necessary in the future course of treatment as patient history. Such a huge archival of data in the hospital needs Skilled manpower, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Civil infrastructure and its recurring maintenance cost. Cloud technology thus provides the necessary infrastructure as pay per usage model and when used in healthcare sector lowers the cost of storage, processing and updating infrastructure with minimum cost. Data of patients which are confidential and private in nature can be stored in cloud by selecting appropriate deployment models as different models have different levels of security.
Two-step pilot-scale biofilter system for the abatement of food waste composting emission

A pilot-scale two-step biofilter system was evaluated in treating food waste composting emission for 220 days. Wood chips were packed at the bottom section while mixture of rock wool and earthworm compost (6% w/v) was packed at the top section. Inlet ammonia concentration was found to be dominant and intermittent. The overall ammonia removal of over 98% was achieved, 70% of which was removed in the wood chip section. The highest ammonia elimination capacity was determined to be 39.43 g-NH3/m3/h at 99.5% removal efficiency. From biodegradation kinetic analysis, the maximum removal rate, V m, of the wood chip section was determined to be 200 g-NH3/m3/h and the saturation constant, K s, 180 mg/m3. For the rock wool-earthworm cast mixture section, the V m was 87 g-NH3/m3/h and K s was 87 mg/m3. Complete removal of hydrogen sulfide and most trace compounds were achieved by the biofilter. Highest hydrogen sulfide elimination rate was 0.22 g-H2S/m3/h. The biofilter was optimized from 24 to 16 s EBRT with resulting low average pressure drops of 16 and 29 mm H2O/m, respectively.
Städte- und Shoppingtourismus als postmoderne Wachstumsmaschine

Dieses Buch ist das erste, das einen aktuellen Uberblick uber die breitgespannte Tourismus- und Freizeitforschung in Bayern gibt, d.h. die vielfaltigen Projekte, die an bayerischen Hochschulen und angegliederten Institutionen betrieben werden. Der Band konzentriert sich auf einige der derzeit meistdiskutierten Themata. Er macht deutlich, wie wichtig die angewandte Tourismuswissenschaft in Bayern mittlerweile geworden ist und welche Beitrage, Konzepte, Perspektiven die sozialwissenschaftlich orientierte Freizeit- und Tourismuswissenschaft leisten kann. Das Buch ist Uberblick, aber auch Nachschlagewerk. Uber 50 Experten aus Geographie, Psychologie, Soziologie, Kommunikationswissenschaft, Volkskunde, Forstwissenschaft, Ethnologie, Padagogik u.a. beschreiben in rd. 60 Artikeln neueste Ergebnis der interdisziplinaren Tourismuswissenschaft. Spasbader, Reisefuhrer, Waldbesucher, Erlebniswelten, Flughafenshopping, Terrorismusfolgen, Ethnotourismus, Radwanderwege, Musicalmarkt, Factory Outlet Centers, Wellnesstourismus, touristische Reisestile, Hotelattraktivierung, Cluburlaub, Nationalparks, Web-Mapping, Thermenlander, Okotourismus, Weinfuhrungen, Flugangsttherapie, FKK-Ferien, Reiseprospekte, Freizeitparks, Filmtourismus, Kinderreisebucher, Online-Reiseprognosen,TV-Reiseshopping, Stadteimages, Studienreiseleiter sind nur einige der vielen Themen, die das Buch behandelt. Die Bandbreite ist durchaus nicht auf Bayern beschrankt: Australische Grosstadte, Florida, Oberbayern, Thuringen, Ingolstadt, die Sahara, die Philippinen, der Bayerische Wald, die Steiermark, der Titicacasee, Mainfranken, Mongolei, Polen, Spanien, u.a. sind Gegenstand von Beitragen. Weitere Details zum Buch in: www.tourismusforschung-in-bayern.de. Das Buch ist eine Initiative von Tourismuswissenschaftlern der Universitaten Munchen, Augsburg und Eichstatt.
Prevention of arterial spasm during percutaneous coronary interventions through radial artery: The SPASM study

Aims: Radial artery spasm remains the major limitation of transradial approach for percutaneous coronary interventions. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of vasodilators in the prevention of radial artery spasm during percutaneous coronary interventions. Methods and results: 1,219 patients were consecutively randomized to receive placebo (n = 198), molsidomine 1 mg (n = 203), verapamil 2.5 mg (n = 409), 5 mg (n = 203) or verapamil 2.5 mg and molsidomine 1 mg (n = 206). All drugs were administered through the arterial sheath. The primary end point was the occurrence of a radial artery spasm defined by the operator as severe limitation of the catheter movement, with or without angiographic confirmation. Main characteristics including age, sex, wrist and arterial sheath diameters and procedure duration were identical across the groups. The rate of radial artery spasm was lowest in patients receiving verapamil and molsidomine (4.9%), compared to verapamil 2.5 mg or 5 mg (8.3 and 7.9%), or molsidomine 1 mg (13.3%); and placebo (22.2%) (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Radial artery spasm during transradial percutaneous interventions was effectively prevented by the administration of vasodilators. The combination of verapamil 2.5 mg and molsidomine 1 mg provided the strongest relative risk reduction of spasm compared to placebo and should therefore be recommended during percutaneous coronary interventions through the radial approach. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hammering Force during Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty and Risk of Microfracture

During cementless stem fixation, impaction of the stem is occasionally complicated by bony injuries. Small fractures not visible to the eye during surgery or on post-operative radiographs may remain undetected, and the incidence of such injuries may be underestimated. Employing the same techniques as those employed during total hip arthroplasty, we implanted cementless stems into artificial femora, with equivalent mechanical characteristics to living femora. The hammering force applied to the femur and the displacement of the stem and femur were measured using a load sensor and imaging, respectively. The von Mises stress generated in the femur during cementless stem press-fixation was also measured using finite element analysis. Average hammering force under these conditions (9.25 kN) was sufficient to cause damage to the artificial femur. The first two of eight hammer strikes caused most displacement of the stem. The von Mises stresses generated by the first and second hammer strikes were 31 and 68 MPa, respectively. Applying a high average hammering force to the stem after displacement has ceased probably contributes to the generation of intraoperative fractures during cementless stem fixation. Given that two strikes appeared to be sufficient, we believe that hammering force should be reduced to a micro-adjustment level after the second hit.
Three structural polypeptides coded for by minite virus of mice, a parvovirus

Purified full and empty virions of minute virus of mice were separated on CsCl gradients, and their polypeptides were examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The empty particle contains two polypeptides, A (83,300 daltons) and B (64,300 daltons), which are 15 to 18% and 82 to 85%, respectively, of the virion mass. The full particle contains the single-stranded DNA genome, proteins A and B, and a third polypeptide, C (61,400 daltons). Again A is 15 to 18% of the protein mass, but the amounts of B and C vary inversely in different preparations of full particles. These polypeptides comprise greater than 99.6% of the protein in either virion, and their molecular weights and molar ratios are independent of the species of host cell on which the virus is propagated, They are not found in uninfected cells, and no protein component of uninfected cells copurifies with either virion under our conditions. Pulse-chase experiments show that the three proteins are synthesized only after virus infection and are therefore probably virus coded. Sequential harvesting from the nuclei of cells infected under one cycle growth conditions shows an increase in the proportion of C in full particles as infection progresses, suggesting that C is derived from B in a late maturation step.
The role of nitric oxide in the altered vascular reactivity of pregnancy in the rat

1 Pregnancy is characterized by a decrease in systemic vascular resistance and a blunting of the angiotensin II (AII) pressor response. We studied the role of nitric oxide (NO) and prostanoids in these vascular changes of pregnancy in anaesthesized, ganglion blocked non‐pregnant and pregnant rats. 2 Inhibition of NO synthesis with NG‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester (l‐NAME) led to an increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) which was of a significantly greater magnitude in pregnant rats in late gestation than in non‐pregnant rats, or rats in mid‐gestation. 3 The pressor response to varying doses of AII was attenuated during late pregnancy, and this attenuation was partially reversed by l‐NAME. 4 The pressor response to varying doses of a vasocontrictor, phenylephrine (PE), was also attenuated in late pregnancy. However, this attenuation was not reversed by l‐NAME. 5 Inhibition of prostanoid biosynthesis with meclofenamate did not alter basal MAP, nor the pressor response to varying doses of AII or PE in pregnant and non‐pregnant animals. 6 It is concluded that (a) increased NO synthesis occurs during late gestation and contributes both to the decrease in systemic vascular resistance, as well as the blunting of the pressor response to AII during pregnancy, and (b) prostaglandins are not important in the maintenance of basal vascular tone, or the blunting of the pressor response to AII during pregnancy.
Who gets treated? Factors associated with referral in children with psychiatric disorders

There is evidence from several industrialized countries that only a small proportion of children with psychiatric disorders receive specialist treatment. It is unclear, however, why some disturbed children are brought for treatment while others are not. To examine this issue in one community, children aged 7 through 11 were screened for behavioral problems using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL); 89 treated and 126 nontreated children, all of whom scored in the clinical range (above the 90th percentile) on the CBCL, were compared on measures of psychopathology, environmental factors and adaptive functioning. All the children were assessed using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children. There was no difference between the groups in the proportions receiving a psychiatric diagnosis, or in the proportions with more than one psychiatric disorder. The nontreated disturbed children were as likely as the treated ones to have attention deficit disorders, anxiety, and oppositional disorders, and to be failing in school. The treated children had more cases of conduct disorder and depressive disorders, and were more likely to be poor, male and black. Teachers reported twice as many behavioral problems in treated as in untreated children, suggesting that adults’ discomfort with children's behavior may have been a more potent precipitator of referral than the children's failure to perform well at school. The findings suggest that many nontreated children may be no less impaired than those who receive treatment, and that other factors than severity of psychopathology may dictate which disturbed children receive mental health services.
“Early” Class III Drugs for the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation: Efficacy and Atrial Selectivity of AVE0118 in Remodeled Atria of the Goat

Background—Currently available antiarrhythmic drugs are only moderately effective against atrial fibrillation (AF) and may cause ventricular proarrhythmia. AVE0118 is a blocker of atrium-specific early K+ currents (IKur/Ito). Methods and Results—Effects of intravenous AVE0118 and dofetilide on atrial effective refractory period (AERP) and inducibility of AF were measured before and after 48-hours of AF-induced electrical remodeling in the goat. During persistent AF (53±19 days), the cardioversion efficacy and effects on atrial wavelength of AVE0118, dofetilide, and ibutilide were evaluated. QT durations were measured during atrial pacing and persistent AF. After 48 hours of AF, the effect of dofetilide on AERP was reduced, and induction of AF was not prevented. In contrast, the class III action of AVE0118 was enhanced, and AF inducibility decreased from 100% to 32% (P<0.001). At 1, 3, and 10 mg · kg−1 · h−1, AVE0118 terminated persistent AF in 1 of 8, 3 of 8, and 5 of 8 goats, respectively. Dofetilide and ibutilide terminated AF in 1 of 5 and 2 of 7 goats. AVE0118 0.5, 1.5, and 5 mg/kg prolonged the AERP during AF and increased the fibrillation wavelength from 6.7±0.6 to 8.5±0.5, 9.7±0.5, and 11.2±0.9 cm (P<0.01). Whereas dofetilide and ibutilide prolonged QT duration, AVE0118 had no appreciable effect. Conclusions—AVE0118 markedly prolongs the AERP during AF without affecting QT duration. Cardioversion of AF was due to an ≈2-fold increase in fibrillation wavelength. Atrium-selective class III drugs like AVE0118 may be a promising new option for safe and effective cardioversion of AF.
EEG Signature of Object Categorization from Event-related Potentials

Human visual system recognizes objects in a fast manner and the neural activity of the human brain generates signals which provide information about objects categories seen by the subjects. The brain signals can be recorded using different systems like the electroencephalogram (EEG). The EEG signals carry significant information about the stimuli that stimulate the brain. In order to translate information derived from the EEG for the object recognition mechanism, in this study, twelve various categories were selected as visual stimuli and were presented to the subjects in a controlled task and the signals were recorded through 19-channel EEG recording system. Analysis of signals was performed using two different event-related potential (ERP) computations namely the “target/rest” and “target/non-target” tasks. Comparing ERP of target with rest time indicated that the most involved electrodes in our task were F3, F4, C3, C4, Fz, Cz, among others. ERP of “target/non-target” resulted that in target stimuli two positive peaks occurred about 400 ms and 520 ms after stimulus onset; however, in non-target stimuli only one positive peak appeared about 400 ms after stimulus onset. Moreover, reaction times of subjects were computed and the results showed that the category of flower had the lowest reaction time; however, the stationery category had the maximum reaction time among others. The results provide useful information about the channels and the part of the signals that are affected by different object categories in terms of ERP brain signals. This study can be considered as the first step in the context of human-computer interface applications.
Ecological and Scaling Analysis of the Energy Expenditure of Rest, Activity, Flight, and Evaporative Water Loss in Passeriformes and Non-Passeriformes in Relation to Seasonal Migrations and to the Occupation of Boreal Stations in High and Moderate Latitudes

A unified system of bioenergetic parameters that describe thermal regulation and energy metabolism in many passerine and non-passerine species has been developed. These parameters have been analyzed as functions of ambient temperature, and bioenergetic models for various species have been developed. The level of maximum food energy or maximal existence metabolism (MPE) is 1.3 times higher in passerines than in non-passerines, which is consistent with the ratio of their basal metabolic rates (BMR). The optimal ambient temperature for maximizing productive processes (e.g., reproduction, molting) is lower for passerines than for non-passerines, which allows passerines to have higher production rates at moderate ambient temperatures. This difference in the optimal ambient temperature may explain the variation in bioenergetic parameters along latitudinal gradients, such as the well-known ecological rule of clutch size (or mass) increase in the more northerly passerine birds. The increased potential for productive energy output in the north may also allow birds to molt faster there. This phenomenon allows passerine birds to occupy a habitat that fluctuates widely in ambient temperature compared with non-passerine birds of similar size. Passerines have a more effective system for maintaining heat balance at both high and low temperatures. The high metabolism and small body sizes of passerines are consistent with omnivore development and with ecological plasticity. Among large passerines, the unfavorable ratio of MPE to BMR should decrease the energy that is available for productive processes. This consequence limits both the reproductive output and the development of long migration (particularly in Corvus corax). The hypothesis regarding BMR increase in passerines was suggested based on an aerodynamic analysis of the flight speed and the wing characteristics. This allometric analysis shows that the flight velocity is approximately 20% lower in Passeriformes than in non-Passeriformes, which is consistent with the inverted ratio of their BMR level. The regressions for the aerodynamic characteristics of wings show that passerines do not change the morphological characteristics of their wings to decrease velocity. Passerine birds prefer forest habitats. The size range of 5–150 g for birds in forest habitats is almost exclusively occupied by passerines because of their large energetic capability.