Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Supporting Inuit food security: A synthesis of initiatives in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region, Northwest Territories

Food insecurity among Indigenous Peoples of northern Canada is a significant public health issue that is exacerbated by changing social and environmental conditions. While a patchwork of programs, strategies and polices exist, the extent to which they address all “pillars” of food security (food availability, access, quality, and utilization) remains under-assessed. We respond to this gap by providing a framework for synthesizing and assessing information about food security initiatives, using a case study of the Inuvialuit Settlement Region (ISR), the westernmost Inuit region of Canada. Our objectives are: (1) to identify existing initiatives in the ISR; (2) to assess the breadth and diversity of these initiatives in addressing the four key food security “pillars”; and (3) to present an analytical framework that will facilitate ongoing data updating and sharing in the ISR and elsewhere. Through a scoping review and direct consultation with 12 key informants, we identified 30 initiatives that support food security in the ISR. These are funded and implemented at a range of national, territorial, regional, and local levels, and include both governmental and non-governmental programs, strategic frameworks, and research and monitoring initiatives. Seven key themes emerged from the cross-scale analysis of these initiatives, including: orientation with respect to food security pillars, scope and scale, demographic targeting, funding, monitoring and evaluation, and implications for food security strategies. While our framework provides a useful tool for data synthesis and analysis, its outputs can help in identifying gaps and opportunities for both resource allocation and program and policy development for under-served communities. Significantly, this study highlights the importance of engaging local perspectives in the development of coordinated approaches to address Inuit food insecurity.
Demonstration of a shift towards penicillin resistance in the Streptococcus uberis population.

Penicillin resistance has been particularly well studied in Streptococcus pneumoniae (Denapaite et al., 2007; Hoban et al., 2005). In this organism, resistance frequently occurs through modifications of the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and/or the generation of mosaic PBPs, leading to a decreased affinity for the drug (Nagai et al., 2002). Among clinically relevant streptococci, S. pneumoniae primarily infects humans, while the environmental Streptococcus uberis principally colonizes cattle, in which it is responsible for about one third of cases of clinical and subclinical mastitis (Botrel et al., 2010; Bradley et al., 2007), a type of disease causing major economic loss in the dairy industry worldwide. Currently, penicillin remains one of the first-line antibiotics for the treatment of such pathologies but, in contrast to pneumococci and despite several decades of widespread use, no field case of true penicillin-resistant S. uberis [MIC . 16 mg l, according to the CASFM (Comité de l’Antibiogramme de la Société Française de Microbiologie) – Antibiogram Committee of the French Society for Microbiology] has been described yet. Furthermore, it is still commonly believed that S. uberis and other Streptococcus spp. implicated in animal intramammary infections are susceptible to this drug. However, isolates presenting decreased susceptibility (MIC of 0.25 to 0.5 mg l) are regularly reported to our laboratory, and a recent study demonstrated the capacity of S. uberis to develop penicillin resistance through a PBP-mediated mechanism similar to S. pneumoniae and the other streptococci studied so far (Haenni et al., 2010).
Examination of movement in patients with long-lasting musculoskeletal pain: reliability and validity.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE An examination method based on psychosomatic physiotherapy, with 24 standardized tests related to general aspects of mobility, flexibility and the ability to relax, is used in some pain and rehabilitation clinics in Scandinavia in order to document where--and to what degree--patients have aberrations within the domain 'movement'. The measurement properties of the movement tests have, however, not been investigated in patients with long-lasting musculoskeletal pain. The aims of the present study were, therefore, to investigate inter-tester reliability and validity (construct, discriminative and concurrent validity) related to movement. METHOD The study design was cross-sectional. Reliability was examined by three physiotherapists examining 19 people. Construct validity was studied by means of structural equation modelling (SEM). Discriminative validity was examined by comparing movement data from 247 patients with long-lasting musculoskeletal pain, and 104 healthy subjects. The patient sample was categorized according to localized or widespread pain, and movement scores compared between the groups. Most patients filled in a psychological screening questionnaire (MMPI-2), plus information about pain intensity and function, and concurrent validity of the movement measures were examined by correlation. RESULTS SEM results indicated a modified movement scale, consisting of 16 items in four subscales. Both the original and modified versions showed good reliability, and scores differed significantly between healthy subjects and patients, and between patients with localized versus widespread pain. A relationship was found between the movement tests and psychological characteristics, but mainly in patients with widespread pain. Significant relationships were found between the ability to relax and pain, and between all aspects of movement and function. CONCLUSIONS Movement may be reliably and validly assessed with composite scores from 4 x 4 items. The method may be useful as a global screening instrument in order to examine where, and to what extent, patients with long-lasting pain problems have movement aberrations; findings to be addressed in treatment.
Nucleotide sequence of the 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase gene of Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes

2,3-Dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase, which catalyzes ring metacleavage of 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl, is encoded by the bphC gene of Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes KF707 (K. Furukawa and T. Miyazaki, J. Bacteriol. 166:392-398, 1986). We determined the nucleotide sequence of a DNA fragment of 2,040 base pairs which included the bphC gene. The fragment included one open reading frame of 912 base pairs to accommodate the enzyme. The predicted processed amino acid sequence of the enzyme subunit consisted of 302 residues, and its 12 NH2-terminal residues were in perfect agreement with those determined for the enzyme. Approximately 10 base pairs upstream from the initiation codon for 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase, there was a base sequence complementary to the 3' end of the 16S rRNA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. There was no promoterlike sequence in the region upstream of the bphC gene, but another long open reading frame was present. A putative bphD gene encoding a metacleavage compound-hydrolyzing enzyme was suggested in the region downstream of the bphC gene.
A Multicenter Study of the Point Prevalence of Drug-Induced Hypotension in the ICU

Objective:To determine the point prevalence of drug-induced hypotension episodes in critically ill patients, to assess the episodes resulting from error, and to describe how episodes are treated. Design:Multicenter observational, 24-hour snapshot study. Setting:Forty-seven ICUs in 27 institutions located in the United States, Canada, and Singapore. Patients:A total of 688 ICU patients were evaluated. Interventions:None. Measurements and Main Results:Patients were included in the study if they had an episode of hypotension in the 24 hours prior to the clinical pharmacists’ evaluation. The definition for a hypotensive episode is either a systolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg or a decrease in systolic blood pressure of 30 mm Hg over a 2-hour period. Each episode of unintentional hypotension was assessed for suspected drug-related causes. When a drug-related cause was suspected, an objective assessment tool, the modified Kramer, was used to determine causality. A score of at least “possible” was considered drug induced, referred to as a “drug-related hazardous condition. ” A drug-related hazardous condition is the temporal gap (intermediate stage) between the identification of an adverse drug reaction and the subsequent onset of drug-induced injury, known as an “adverse drug event. ” Drug-induced episodes were evaluated for medication errors and treatment. One hundred fifty-eight patients experienced 204 hypotensive episodes that were considered unintentional and drug related. Common drugs implicated included propofol, fentanyl, metoprolol, lorazepam, hydralazine, and furosemide. A total of 54 episodes (26.5%) resulted from medication errors. Common error types were improper dose/quantity (46%) and prescribing (25%). A total of 56.9% episodes were treated. Conclusions:Many hypotensive episodes in the ICU are drug related and require treatment. A substantial portion of these episodes result from errors and are therefore preventable. This presents opportunities to improve prescribing including optimizing drug dosing to avoid possible patient harm from drug-induced hypotension.
Improving Local Government Efficiency, Systems and Approaches: A Global Review

There is a quite huge body of existing literature both in form of theoretical and empirical evidence on local government administrative efficiency and fiscal sustainability in various studies, discussions and presentations. This literature review is based on the extensive data available on the varied alternative systems strengthening the local government governance, and the theoretical analysis. This paper is concerned with a question of the several systems presented, which is the best in enhancing the functional productivity and economic support of provincial Governments. Therefore, this paper seeks to evaluate the arguments advanced by proponents of decentralization, devolution, consolidations, mergers, cooperate arrangements or shared service arrangements. The analysis used the thematic reviews of literature that are organized around a topic or issue related to alternative systems of local government in 4 main parts; first describing local government structure and case for decentralization; second part for the case of other alternative models; third approaches to other alternatives, fourth new local government framework and fifth the summary and conclusion of the review.
Malignant astrocytomas: a system disease.

JAMA A Network Model of a Cooperative Genetic Landscape in Brain Tumors Markus Bredel, MD, PhD; Denise M. Scholtens, PhD; Griffith R. Harsh, MD; Claudia Bredel, PhD; James P. Chandler, MD; Jaclyn J. Renfrow, MA; Ajay K. Yadav, PhD; Hannes Vogel, MD, PhD; Adrienne C. Scheck, PhD; Robert Tibshirani, PhD; Branimir I. Sikic, MD Context: Gliomas, particularly glioblastomas, are among the deadliest of human tumors. Gliomas emerge through the accumulation of recurrent chromosomal alterations, some of which target yet-to-be-discovered cancer genes. A persistent question concerns the biological basis for the coselection of these alterations during gliomagenesis. Objectives: To describe a network model of a cooperative genetic landscape in gliomas and to evaluate its clinical relevance. Design, Setting, and Patients: Multidimensional genomic profiles and clinical profiles of 501 patients with gliomas (45 tumors in an initial discovery set collected between 2001 and 2004 and 456 tumors in validation sets made public between 2006 and 2008) from multiple academic centers in the United States and The Cancer Genome Atlas Pilot Project (TCGA). Main Outcome Measures: Identification of genes with coincident genetic alterations, correlated gene dosage and gene expression, and multiple functional interactions; association between those genes and patient survival. Results: Gliomas select for a nonrandom genetic landscape—a consistent pattern of chromosomal alterations—that involves altered regions (“territories”) on chromosomes 1p, 7, 8q, 9p, 10, 12q, 13q, 19q, 20, and 22q (false-discovery rate-correctedP Conclusions: The alteration of multiple networking genes by recurrent chromosomal aberrations in gliomas deregulates critical signaling pathways through multiple, cooperative mechanisms. These mutations, which are likely due to nonrandom selection of a distinct genetic landscape during gliomagenesis, are associated with patient prognosis. JAMA. 2009;302(3):261-275.
Lenguaje natural, pragmática y algo más. Nota crítica sobre "Critical Pragmatics"

Para teorizar sobre el lenguaje natural uno puede elegir entre al menos dos perspectivas distintas: la de los tipos y la de los usos. Según la primera, el lenguaje debe entenderse como un objeto tipo, i.e., un lenguaje cuyas frases tipo tienen funciones asignadas independientemente del uso que se les dé a sus casos. Desde esta perspectiva, se trata de entender cuáles son y cómo funcionan las propiedades del lenguaje que no varían de un caso a otro, o de un uso a otro. Desde la segunda perspectiva, la de los usos, el lenguaje debe entenderse como un acto mediante el cual, por ejemplo, emitimos sonidos, hacemos aseveraciones, para alcanzar un fin. Elegir la opción de los usos es elegir la perspectiva pragmática sobre el lenguaje. Según Korta y Perry, la pragmática es “el estudio de cómo usamos el lenguaje para comunicarnos y para hacer otras cosas en las que lo usamos” (p. 3). La tradición pragmática en filosofía del lenguaje tiene ya una larga historia en la cual encontramos a filósofos que han desempeñado papeles centrales, entre ellos, J.L. Austin y H.P. Grice. Aunque las propuestas específicas de uno y otro varían entre sí, concuerdan en una tesis central: usar el lenguaje para alcanzar ciertas metas es una de muchas formas de hacer algo intencionalmente, o de actuar de cierta manera para alcanzar cierto fin. De modo que reconocer las intenciones, las creencias y los deseos del hablante es esencial para entender el lenguaje. Korta y Perry proponen dar un giro sustancial, revolucionario, a la tradición pragmática que consiste, para ponerlo en términos muy simples, en tomarse en serio (la idea de) que usar el lenguaje es una manera de actuar intencionalmente. Korta y Perry sostienen, correctamente, que la pragmática contemporánea no se ha preocupado por basar sus posturas en una teoría de la acción. Hay tres ámbitos de esta propuesta que sobresalen: la variedad, la intencionalidad y la planeación. Al describir una acción, no es
The Empirical Study of Logistics Service Quality Factors influencing Service Satisfaction on Supplying the Industrial Goods in the Tourism and Leisure Industry: Focusing on the Moderating Effects of Job Types

The study aimed to find out which logistic service factors affect the field and administrative staff’s perception of service quality satisfaction. It also tried to find out if there was a difference in perception due to job-type. As the result of analysis, the following implications can be gained. First, independent sample t-test results showed that based on the job types, there is an average difference on economic feasibility, stability, and service satisfaction. Second, the results showed that service quality factors all have a positive influence on service satisfaction. Third, although there was difference in view between field staff and administrative staff on each variables, there was no moderating effect between service quality including each subordinate factors and service satisfaction.
Talent Management in Asia-Pacific Region: How Not to Lose Global Competition for Talents

The paper discusses talent management practices in companies from three most influential Asia Pacific economies: China, India and Korea. Being parts of the Asian-Pacific region, these countries are much devised in terms of economic growth and cultural background. We elaborate country-specific talent management practices and discuss regional trends as background for effective management of talent. Chinese and Indian talent management practices are similarly focused on financial incentives, training and development, as well as, performance management and fast-track promotion. In China and India the use of workplace-based voluntary benefits to incentivize employees is found to be especially efficient. In contrast to Indian and Korean companies, Chinese companies are still more attentive to employees’ living conditions and their social life. While Korean companies are less mindful about financial appraisal of their employees, but have a stronger focus on comfort internal environment associated with harmony and trust.
Solutions which could support generation of Z in case of choosing the proper career path

The difference between generations can be observed in multiple perspectives of value system, lifestyle and consumer behaviour. This is similar in terms of preferences for choosing workplaces. In our research, we focus on the Z generation, which is garnering more and more importance from the perspective of recruitment, in order to understand the factors they take into consideration when choosing among career paths, the solutions they think are successful for them when planning their career path, and the supporting of their personal development. In the qualitative phase of the research, we conducted mini focus groups (30 group interviews), while our quantitative phase encompassed standardised questionnaires (filled out by 1200 participants). This study introduces the partial results of these project phases.
Toxoplasma gondii in Iowa sows: comparison of antibody titers to isolation of T. gondii by bioassays in mice and cats.

Hearts of 1,000 pigs killed at an abattoir in Iowa were bioassayed for the prevalence of tissue cysts of Toxoplasma gondii. One hundred grams of cardiac muscle from each pig was homogenized, digested in pepsin solution, and bioassayed in 10 mice. Five hundred grams of heart tissue from each of a subset of 183 pigs was also bioassayed in cats. Serum collected from the heart from each pig was assayed for anti-T. gondii antibodies in the modified agglutination test using formalin-fixed whole tachyzoites. Anti-T. gondii antibodies were found in 22.2% of pigs. Viable T. gondii was isolated from a total of 170 pigs; from 50 hearts by bioassay in mice, from 58 hearts by bioassay in both mice and cats, and from 62 pigs by bioassay in cats only. The success of isolation in cats (65.6%) was approximately twice that in mice (31.7%). Percentage of isolations of T. gondii with respect to reciprocal antibody titers (in parentheses) in pigs was: 3.7% (< 20), 37.1% (20), 38.1% (40), 60% (80), 75% (200), 77% (400), 83% (800), and 75.8% (> or = 2,000 to 16,000).
LIU-IDA / LITH-EXA -17 / 049-- SE Storage and Transformation for Data Analysis Using NoSQL Lagring och transformation för dataanalys med hjälp av NoSQL

It can be difficult to choose the right NoSQL DBMS, and some systems lack sufficient research and evaluation. There are also tools for moving and transforming data between DBMS’ in order to combine or use different systems for different use cases. We have described a use case, based on requirements related to the quality attributes Consistency, Scalability, and Performance. For the Performance attribute, focus is fast insertions and full-text search queries on a large dataset of forum posts. The evaluation was performed on two NoSQL DBMS’ and two tools for transforming data between them. The DBMS’ are MongoDB and Elasticsearch, and the transformation tools are NotaQL and Compose’s Transporter. The purpose is to evaluate three different NoSQL systems, pure MongoDB, pure Elasticsearch and a combination of the two. The results show that MongoDB is faster when performing simple full-text search queries, but otherwise slower. This means that Elasticsearch is the primary choice regarding insertion and complex full-text search query performance. MongoDB is however regarded as a more stable and well-tested system. When it comes to scalability, MongoDB is better suited for a system where the dataset increases over time due to its simple addition of more shards. While Elasticsearch is better for a system which starts off with a large amount of data since it has faster insertion speeds and a more effective process for data distribution among existing shards. In general NotaQL is not as fast as Transporter, but can handle aggregations and nested fields which Transporter does not support. A combined system using MongoDB as primary data store and Elasticsearch as secondary data store could be used to achieve fast full-text search queries for all types of expressions, simple and complex.
COMPARATIVE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ALOE VERA GEL ON MICROORGANISMS OF PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE

Summary The comparative antimicrobial activity of different preparations of Aloe vera gel (fresh gel, preserved gel, cooling gel and acne cream) was studied against a number of microorganisms of public health significance by disc diffusion method. It was found that the fresh gel and preserved gel exhibited maximum zones of inhibition against Bacillus subtilis (24.7 & 34.5 respectively), where as cooling gel and acne cream against Staphylococcus aureus (30.3 & 26.3mm respectively) at 37 o C and similarly, minimum inhibition zones by all four preparations of Aloe vera gel were shown against Aspergillus ficuum (9.5, 15.5, 10.5 and 9.5mm respectively) after a period of 48h of incubation at 25 o C. However, its various preparations exhibited variable toxicity against one or more tested strains of Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, Candida, Escherichia, Salmonella, Proteus, Staphylococcus and Bacillus. It was found that Salmonella typhimurium and Bacillus cereus showed a minimum 1.0% decrease from 48 to 96h in zones of inhibition whereas Escherichia coli exhibited a maximum decrease of 29.6% against acne cream after a period of 96h of incubation. It was concluded that the cumulative mean value of Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus ficuum, Fusarium. solani, Penicillium digitatum, Candida utilus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus resulted in 14.25(I), 11.25(I), 15.66(S), 13.55(I), 20.28(S), 19.45(S), 13.37(I), 11.25(I), 26.22(S), 27.30(S) and 25.95(S) against fresh gel, preserved gel, cooling gel and acne cream respectively. The results of this study tend to give credence to the popular use of different preparations of Aloe vera gel as effective as modern medicine to combat pathogenic microorganisms.
Cortical responses to auditory stimuli during isoflurane burst suppression anaesthesia

The cortical responses to auditory stimuli were studied in 12 patients during isoflurane anaesthesia producing burst suppression (ETisof (SD) 1.4 (0.2) vol.%). Earphones were used to give 3‐s trains of auditory click stimuli (60 clicks, 20 clicks per second, 80 dB, 0.1 ms) at irregular intervals. In 10 patients, the electroencephalography (EEG) showed a burst suppression pattern consisting of high‐amplitude activity intermingled with suppressed background activity. In eight patients with burst suppression patterns, there was a strong cortical reactivity to the termination, not to the beginning, of auditory stimuli: 80 (20)% of all stimuli presented during EEG suppression evoked high amplitude cortical response, offset‐burst. The latency of these auditory offset evoked bursts was 540 (60) ms. Auditory offset evoked bursts suggest that in spite of cortical suppression during deep anaesthesia the brain retains its ability to respond to changes in the acoustic environment.