Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Plant-Based Foods as a Source of Lipotropes for Human Nutrition: A Survey of In Vivo Studies

Increased consumption of plant products is associated with lower chronic disease prevalence. This is attributed to the great diversity of healthy phytochemicals present in these foods. The most investigated physiological effects have been their antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, hypolipidemic, and hypoglycemic properties. Although less studied in humans, some compounds were very early on shown to be lipotropic in animals, i.e., the capacity to hasten the removal of fat from liver and/or reduce hepatic lipid synthesis or deposits by mainly increasing phospholipid synthesis via the transmethylation pathway for triglyceride-rich lipoprotein exportation from the liver and enhanced fatty acid β-oxidation and/or down- and up-regulation of genes involved in lipogenic and fatty acid oxidation enzyme synthesis, respectively. The main plant lipotropes are choline, betaine, myo-inositol, methionine, and carnitine. Magnesium, niacin, pantothenate, and folates also indirectly support the overall lipotropic effect. The exhaustive review of rat studies investigating phytochemical effect on hepatic lipid metabolism suggests that some fatty acids, acetic acid, melatonin, phytic acid, some fiber compounds, oligofructose, resistant starch, some phenolic acids, flavonoids, lignans, stilbenes, curcumin, saponins, coumarin, some plant extracts, and some solid foods may be lipotropic. However, this remains to be confirmed in humans, for whom intervention studies are practically non-existent. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition® to view the free supplemental file.
Policies For Multi-Echelon Supply: Drp Systems With Probabilistic Time-Varying Demands

Abstract This paper develops rolling planning horizon policies to manage material flows in multi-echelon supply – distribution networks with relatively general stochastic demand processes and procurement, transportation, inventory and shortage cost structures. Initially, the problem is formulated as a stochastic program with recourse, and its deterministic equivalent program is approximated by a multi-echelon lot-sizing model based on “risk inflated effective demands. ” A DRP – decomposition of this approximate model, which can he used with planning time fences or allocation algorithms, is then introduced. The use of expediting actions is also discussed. Finally, through a set of simulation experiments, the solutions obtained with our planning policies are compared with the solutions given by a classical DRP approach using safety stocks. The results show that the approach proposed leads to significant improvements.
Retraction for Zhu et al., HOS10 encodes an R2R3-type MYB transcription factor essential for cold acclimation in plants

PLANT BIOLOGY Retraction for “HOS10 encodes anR2R3-typeMYB transcription factor essential for cold acclimation inplants”by JianhuaZhu, Paul E. Verslues, Xianwu Zheng, Byeong-ha Lee, Xiangqiang Zhan, Yuzuki Manabe, Irina Sokolchik, Yanmei Zhu, Chun-Hai Dong, Jian-Kang Zhu, Paul M. Hasegawa, and Ray A. Bressan, which appeared in issue 28, July 12, 2005, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (102:9966–9971; first published online July 1, 2005; 10.1073/pnas. 0503960102). The authors wish to note the following: “The locus AT1g35515 that was claimed to be responsible for the cold sensitive phenotype of the HOS10 mutant was misidentified. The likely cause of the errorwas an inaccurate tail PCRproduct coupledwith the ability of HOS10 mutants to spontaneously revert to wild type, appearing as complemented phenotypes. The SALK alleles of AT1g35515 in ecotype Columbia could not be confirmed by the more reliable necrosis assay. Therefore, the locus responsible for the HOS10 phenotypes reported in ecotype C24 remains unknown. The other data reported were confirmed with the exception of altered expression of AT1g35515, which appears reduced but not to the extent shown inZhu et al. The authors regrettably retract the article. ”
Safety-Aware Location Privacy in VANET: Evaluation and Comparison

VANET safety applications broadcast cooperative awareness messages (CAM) periodically to provide vehicles with continuous updates about the surrounding traffic. The periodicity and the spatiotemporal information contained in these messages allow a global adversary to track vehicle movements. Many privacy schemes have been proposed for VANET, but only few schemes consider their impact on safety applications. Also, each scheme is evaluated using inconsistent metrics and unrealistic vehicle traces, which makes comparing the actual performance of different schemes in the wild more difficult. In this paper, we aim to fill this gap and compare different privacy schemes not only in terms of the privacy gained, but also their impact on safety applications. A distortion-based privacy metric is initially proposed and compared with other popular privacy metrics showing its effectiveness in measuring privacy. A practical safety metric which is based on Monte Carlo analysis is then proposed to measure the QoS of two safety applications: forward collision warning and lane change warning. Using realistic vehicle traces, six state-of-the-art VANET privacy schemes are evaluated and compared in terms of the proposed privacy and safety metrics. Among the evaluated schemes, it was found that the coordinated silent period scheme achieves the best privacy and QoS levels, but fully synchronized silence among all vehicles is a practical challenge. The CAPS and CADS schemes provide a practical compromise between privacy and safety since they employ only the necessary silence periods to prevent tracking and avoid changing pseudonyms in trivial situations.
Institutional Transformation and Changing Networking Patterns in China

ABSTRACT Drawing insights from the institutional embeddedness perspective, this article explores the changing patterns and significance of two types of strategic networking along with the institutional transformation in China. Using two-wave survey data on Chinese private firms, we find that after the state relaxed its control of resources the importance of networking with the state tends to decline, while ties with market actors become increasingly important. Determinants of network investment have shifted from managers’ perceived importance of different types of network ties to a firm's immediate institutional environment. Finally, the impact of networking on firm growth has also altered over time. These findings advance our understanding of the crucial role of the institutional environment in shaping firms’ networking strategies and have important theoretical and practical implications.
Proneural factors and neurogenesis

The role of proneural factors in specifying neuronal progenitors and in promoting neuronal differentiation is conserved from Drosophila to vertebrates. This primer discusses the basic functions of proneural factors in neurogenesis, mechanisms of proneural factor function, and models for how proneural factors generate neuronal subtypes. The primer also features a dialog about current topics and future directions in the field between two experts in neurogenesis: Andrew Jarman, Ph.D., and Jane Johnson, Ph.D. Developmental Dynamics 234:808–813, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experimental and Numerical Study of The Shock-Accelerated Elliptic Heavy Gas Cylinders

We studied the evolution of elliptic heavy SF6 gas cylinder surrounded by air when accelerated by a planar Mach 1.25 shock. A multiple dynamics imaging technology has been used to obtain one image of the experimental initial conditions and five images of the time evolution of elliptic cylinder. We compared the width and height of the circular and two kinds of elliptic gas cylinders, and analyzed the vortex strength of the elliptic ones. Simulations are in very good agreement with the experiments, but due to the different initial gas cylinder shapes, a certain difference of the initial density peak and distribution exists between the circular and elliptic gas cylinders, and the latter initial state is more sensitive and more inenarrable. Keywords—About four key words or phrases in alphabetical order, separated by commas.
The influence of rural versus urban residence on utilization and receipt of care for chronic low back pain.

PURPOSE (1) To describe demographic and health-related characteristics among rural/urban residents with chronic low back pain (LBP); (2) To determine if the utilization of diagnostics and treatments differs between rural and urban residents with chronic LBP; and (3) To determine the association between rural/urban residence and health care provider usage and if associations differ by race or gender. METHODS A 2006 cross-sectional telephone survey of a representative sample of North Carolina residents. Subjects with chronic LBP were questioned regarding their health and health care use. Wald and chi-square tests were used to determine differences between demographic and health-related characteristics of rural/urban residents. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between rural/urban residence and health care provider use. Differences in race or gender were explored with stratified analysis with a P < . 10. FINDINGS 588 residents of North Carolina with self-reported chronic LBP sought care from a provider in the previous year. In bivariate analyses, when compared to urban residents, rural residents were younger, more likely to be uninsured, reported significantly higher levels of disability, and reported more depression/sadness. Rural residents were less likely to receive care from a rheumatologist (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.47 [95% CI, 0.22-0.99]). Rural blacks were less likely to receive care from a physical therapist when compared to urban blacks (aOR 0.26 [95% CI, 0.07-0.87]). CONCLUSION Despite similarities of high provider use, imaging and therapeutics, when compared to urban residents, rural residents reported higher levels of functional limitation and depression.
Mammography in women undergoing hormone replacement therapy

Purpose: A retrospective study of screen-film mammographs was perfomed in 960 postmenopausal women to evaluate the possible effects of hormonal replacement therapy on the breast parenchymal pattern. Material and Methods: Screen-film mammographs of 754 women (mean age 51.4 years) who had undergone hormonal replacement therapy (estrogen, gestagen; mean duration 2.4 years) were compared with findings in 206 women who had not received hormonal replacement therapy (mean age 52.3 years). Mastopathic changes were analyzed according to a 4-grade scale and the incidence of circumscribed lesions (such as fibroadenomas, cysts and malignancies) was further evaluated. Results: in the treated women we found moderate mastopathic changes in 47.2%, intermediate changes in 2.4%, and extensive proliferations in 0.7%. for the untreated women the corresponding figures were 33.5%, 4.8%, and 1.4%. in the treated patients fibroadenomas were apparent in 3.9%, cystic lesions in 3.3%, and malignant lesions in 1.4%. in the untreated women fibroadenomas were evident in 11.6%, cystic lesions in 7.2%, and malignant lesions in 2.4%. Conclusion: Mastopathic changes might increase under hormonal replacement therapy. However, the higher incidence of circumscribed lesions in the untreated women might be due to the higher number of symptomatic women who sought examination. We also speculate as to whether the increased density of the breast parenchyma in the treated women might cause a higher number of mammographically undedectable lesions.
The Relation between Early Pregnancy Anthropometric Indices among Primiparous Women and Macrosomia.

INTRODUCTION The prevalence of obesity is increasing in both developed and developing nations. Body mass index (BMI) is the most common index for obesity assessment and its relation with most complications among non-pregnant and pregnant women is known. However, no study has evaluated the relation between abdominal obesity and macrosomia among pregnant women. METHODS In this prospective study, anthropometric indices including weight, height, and waist circumference (WC) of 1140 nulliparous pregnant women during their first trimester of pregnancy (6(th)-10(th) weeks) were measured by the researcher. According to the classification of the World Health Organization, women with BMI > 25 kg/m(2) were considered as overweight or obese. Abdominal obesity was defined as WC ≥ 88 cm. Finally, mothers were followed up and fetal macrosomia was recorded in a checklist. Data was analyzed in SPSS15. RESULTS The results showed that 77.5% of women aged 20-35 years and 92.7% were housewives. The mean (SD) values of BMI and WC were 24.32 (4.08) kg/m(2) and 81.84 (9.25) cm, respectively. The prevalence of overweight (BMI = 25-29.9 kg/m(2)) and obesity (BMI > 29.9 kg/m) was 27.6% and 8.8%, respectively. Abdominal obesity based on WC was found in 34.8% of the subjects. CONCLUSION Findings of this study revealed obesity in over one third of nulliparous pregnant women during their first trimester. Moreover, the high prevalence of macrosomia, in these women confirmed the importance of maternal education about obesity-related complications in order to change their lifestyle and prevent obesity.
In vivo forces on implants influenced by occlusal scheme and food consistency.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate whether systematic modifications of occlusal features or food consistency are suitable to reduce the loading of implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten healthy subjects, each of whom had a gap in the chewing center (second premolar or first molar) of one lateral dental arch, were provided with fixed partial dentures (FPD) on two ITI implants. Strain gauges attached to the abutments recorded forces in three dimensions. In each person, the original FPD was successively replaced by three FPDs with different occlusal schemes: The first had steep cusps, the second had flat cusps, and the third had the same cuspal inclination as the first but a narrow occlusal surface. Subjects chewed gummy bears and bread as a tough and a soft bolus, respectively. RESULTS In chewing of gummy bears, the mean vertical forces of the three FPDs ranged between 264 and 284 N and were not significantly different. The mean bending moments amounted to 27 Ncm and 24 Ncm with steep and flat occlusal slopes, respectively. With the narrow occlusal surface, the bending moments were reduced by 48%, to a mean of 11 Ncm. Chewing of bread yielded similar relations with lower mean vertical forces and bending moments. CONCLUSION Narrowing the orovestibular width of the occlusal surface by 30% caused a significant reduction of lateral force components. A reduced orovestibular width of the occlusal surface is recommended in unfavorable loading conditions. In addition, the chewing of soft food is suggested during the healing period in cases of immediate loading.
Employment and Physical Work Activities as Predictors of Future Low Back Pain

Study Design. A population‐based longitudinal study conducted in northwest England for a 12‐month period involving adults aged 18‐75 years. Objectives. To determine physical factors related to employment that predict a new episode of low back pain. Summary of Background Data. Most epidemiologic studies that have examined the relation between occupation and back pain have been cross‐sectional or retrospective in design. Because workers who have experienced low back pain may have changed jobs or work activities, it is important to use longitudinal studies that define "exposures" before the onset of symptoms. Methods. From adults registered with two general practices in northwest England, 1412 people who were currently in employment and free of low back pain were identified. A lifetime occupational history was recorded for all participants, with details of activities performed in each occupation. Data on consultations for low back pain during the follow‐up year were collected through computerized medical records, whereas those who had not consulted with low back pain were sent another questionnaire at the end of the 1‐year follow‐up. Results. An increased risk of a new episode of low back pain was found in those whose jobs involved lifting/pulling/pushing objects of at least 25 lbs, or whose jobs involved prolonged periods of standing or walking. Risks were, in general, greater in women, for a first ever episode of back pain and for back pain that led to a general practice consultation. No clear relation between years of exposure to such factors and magnitude of risk was evident. Conclusions. Occupational activities, particularly in women, such as working with heavy weights or lengthy periods of standing or walking, were associated with the occurrence of low back pain. Short‐term influences may be more important in the occurrence of new episodes rather than cumulative lifetime exposure, and emphasize that such morbidity may be avoidable.
Encounters with service professionals experienced by children from families with alcohol problems: A qualitative interview study

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore encounters with service professionals experienced in childhood and adolescence by children who grew up with parental alcohol abuse. We focused on their accounts from situations indicating children’s struggles or parental drinking problems. Methods: Semi-structured qualitative interview study was conducted with retrospective data from nine adults. Systematic text condensation was used to understand childhood experiences from encounters with professionals. Results: Participants believed that professionals rarely recognised their parents’ drinking problems. The children felt abandoned by professionals who must have noticed their struggles. Participants experienced that their appearance or behaviour was ignored and that they were not invited to talk. Professionals taking part in individual family members’ problems seemed to avoid subsequent involvement in underlying parental drinking. Even when problems were obvious, participants felt that professionals took no further action. Medical and social problems were managed within very confined perspectives. Conclusions: Specific commitment to confront cultural taboos is needed to attend to children’s unmet needs. Recognising each young person’s situation implies not only noticing that something is wrong, but also taking action. Children’s experiences of fragmented and confined approaches towards parental drinking problems may be counteracted by better collaboration between teachers, school nurses and GPs.
How Teachers Are Using Technology at Home and in Their Classrooms

A survey of Advanced Placement and National Writing Project teachers shows that digital tools are widely used in their classrooms and professional lives. Yet, many of these high school and middle school teachers worry about digital divides when it comes to their students' access to technology and those who teach low-income students face obstacles in bringing technology into their teaching. A survey of 2,462 Advanced Placement (AP) and National Writing Project (NWP) teachers finds that digital technologies have helped them in teaching their middle school and high school students in many ways. At the same time, the internet, mobile phones, and social media have brought new challenges to teachers. In addition, they report that there are striking differences in the role of technology in wealthier school districts compared with poorer school districts and that there are clear generational differences among teachers when it comes to their comfort with technology and its use in their classrooms. Asked about the impact of the internet and digital tools in their role as middle and high school educators, these teachers say the following about the overall impact on their teaching and their classroom work:  92% of these teachers say the internet has a " major impact " on their ability to access content, resources, and materials for their teaching  69% say the internet has a " major impact " on their ability to share ideas with other teachers  67% say the internet has a " major impact " on their ability to interact with parents and 57% say it has had such an impact on enabling their interaction with students At the same time, 75% of AP and NWP teachers say the internet and other digital tools have added new demands to their lives, agreeing with the statement that these tools have a " major impact " by increasing the range of content and skills about which they must be knowledgeable. And 41% report a " major impact " by requiring more work on their part to be an effective teacher. AP and NWP teachers bring a wide variety of digital tools into the learning process, including mobile phones, tablets, and e-book readers The survey reveals the degree to which the internet and digital technologies, particularly mobile phones, suffuse teaching activities. Laptops and desktops are central, but they note mobile technology use has also become commonplace in the learning process:  …
Improve engineering drawing teaching by combining modern methods and traditional methods

With the development of technology, computer multimedia assistant teaching methods are applied widely and have unexampled advantages compared to the traditional method. Teacher should know the characteristics of different teaching methods and combine the modern methods with the traditional one reasonably to do the teaching of Engineering Drawing. Teacher can not only give play to teach but also inspire student to study hard, so as to obtain good teaching effect.
Productive T-cell receptor beta-chain gene rearrangement: coincident regulation of cell cycle and clonality during development in vivo.

Productive gene rearrangement at the T-cell receptor (TCR) beta-chain locus facilitates formation of the "pre-TCR," a molecular complex that is important for the subsequent development of alpha beta T cells. The transition of thymocytes from a population of cells undergoing TCRbeta chain genes to a population enriched in cells with productively rearranged TCRbeta chain genes is known as "beta selection. " This is the first point in alpha beta T-cell development at which the products of an activated TCR locus define cell phenotype. Toward an understanding of these events, this study has focused on a set of thymocytes defined by cell surface phenotype as HSA+ CD44low CD25+, in which the bulk of TCRbeta gene rearrangement occurs. The analysis of this set, presented here, allows its novel subdivision into two subsets that are respectively strong candidates for cells immediately prior to and immediately following TCRbeta selection. Cells that have passed beta selection differ from the preceding cells by several criteria, including hyperphosphorylation of Rb, increased expression of cyclins A and B, down-regulation of p27, increased CDK2 activity, an induction of cdc2 activity, and progression through DNA synthesis. Consistent with these changes being attributable to productive TCRbeta chain gene rearrangement, the identified "beta-selected" subset is not detected in mutant mice that cannot assemble a pre-TCR. Interestingly, there is a coincident selective and transient down-regulation of the protein RAG2, on which TCR gene rearrangement obligatorily depends. Together, these findings demonstrate that productive TCR gene rearrangement is associated with events that can ensure thymocyte expansion and monoclonality.