Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Applying Landscape-Scale Habitat-Potential Models to Understand Deer Spatial Structure and Movement Patterns

Abstract Ecologically based management must incorporate components that consider how individuals associate temporally and spatially to environments that provide specific habitat requirements. Recent research has assessed how environments could be classified based on potential to provide deer (Odocoileus virginianus) habitat components. If habitat potential (HP; i.e., capability of habitat types to provide annual life requisites) classifications can be correlated to deer spatial structure and seasonal movement patterns, managers could better understand how spatial distribution of habitat components influences deer distribution. We analyzed home-range distribution and seasonal movement patterns from 45 adult (≥2 yr old) female deer radiocollared between 1999–2002, and deer habitat characteristics in northeastern Lower Peninsula, Michigan, USA, to investigate whether we can predict deer seasonal movement patterns based on the distribution of HP. We constructed logistic regression models that calculated the probability of deer migration given specific HP within seasonal home ranges of migratory and nonmigratory deer. Our results suggested that the probability of seasonal deer migrations relates to the juxtaposition (arrangement) of different habitat types that collectively provide all annual life requisites. We demonstrated that use of habitat-type classifications and HP models can track and predict deer movement patterns, which can facilitate establishment of management units and ecologically based deer management practices.
Mitigation of detrimental subsynchronous oscillations by linear optimal control with prescribed degree of stability

In this paper, an innovative method is proposed to improve the performance of linear optimal control for mitigation of sub-synchronous resonance in power systems. This method is based on shifting eigenvalues of the state matrix of system to the left hand-side of s plane. It is found that this proposed controller is an extended state of linear optimal controller with prescribed degree of stability. A proposed design, which is presented in this paper, has been developed in order to control of severe sub-synchronous oscillations in a nearby turbine-generator. The proposed strategy is tested on second benchmark model and compared with the optimal full-state feedback method by means of simulation. It is shown that this method creates more suitable damping for these oscillations. The proposed method is applied to the IEEE Second Benchmark system for sub-synchronous resonance studies and the results are verified based on comparison with those obtained from digital computer simulation by MATLAB.
Integrative Neuromuscular Training and Injury Prevention in Youth Athletes. Part I: Identifying Risk Factors

ABSTRACT PART I OF THIS REVIEW DESCRIBES THE MOST IMPORTANT NEUROMUSCULAR SPORTS INJURY RISK FACTORS IN YOUTH ATHLETES: MUSCLE FATIGUE, ALTERED TIMING AND MAGNITUDE OF MUSCLE ACTIVATION, STRENGTH DEFICITS, PREDOMINANCE OF FRONTAL PLANE CONTROL STRATEGIES, NEUROMUSCULAR IMBALANCES BETWEEN LIMBS, INADEQUATE MUSCLE STIFFNESS, DEFICITS IN POSTURAL STABILITY, ALTERED PROPRIOCEPTION, AND FEED-FORWARD CONTROL. THE SECOND PART OF THIS REVIEW PROVIDES A FLEXIBLE APPROACH TO INTEGRATIVE NEUROMUSCULAR TRAINING WITH THE GOAL TO IMPROVE INJURY RESILIENCE AND TO ENHANCE SPORT AND MOTOR SKILL PERFORMANCE.
Neuro-PID control for inverted single and double pendulums

The paper is concerned with a new architecture of a self-tuning neuro-PID control system and its application to stabilization of an inverted pendulum. A single-input multi-output system is considered to control the inverted pendulum by using the PID controller. The PID gains are tuned by using two kinds of neural network. The simulation results show effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Development of astroglial cells in patterned neuronal cultures

The purpose of this work was to study the development of astroglial cells in patterned neuronal cultures. Hippocampal neurons, derived from embryonic stage (E18) rats and cultured in serum-free Neurobasal/B27 medium, grew to follow patterns of poly(D-lysine) created by micro-contact printing. The growth of the astroglial cells and the co-localization of neurons and astroglial cells were measured for up to one month using fluorescence immunostaining of neurons and astroglial cells. Neurons grew to form square patterns within 2 weeks, while astroglia only started to emerge in the same period. Astroglial cells continued to proliferate for a month following a general growth curve. Over 90% of the astroglial cell area co-localized with neurons (within 2 μm) at an early stage of astroglial development (13 DIV). Over the remaining period, astroglial cells proliferated and the co-localization was 80%. Hence, in these culture conditions astroglial cells develop 2–3 weeks later than neurons but remain highly co-localized with neurons.
Proteomic studies of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease: an update

ABSTRACT Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease affecting the brain. Today there are three cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, amyloid-β consisting of 42 amino acids (Aβ42), total-tau (t-tau) and phosphorylated-tau (p-tau), which combined have sensitivity and specificity figures around 80%. However, pathological studies have shown that comorbidity is a common feature in AD and that the three currently used CSF biomarkers do not optimally reflect the activity of the disease process. Thus, additional markers are needed. Areas covered: In the present review, we screened PubMed for articles published the last five years (2012–2017) for proteomic studies in CSF with the criteria that AD had to be included as one of the diagnostic groups. Based on inclusion criteria, 28 papers were included reporting in total 224 biomarker-data that were altered in AD compared to control. Both mass spectrometry and multi-panel immunoassays were considered as proteomic studies. Expert commentary: A large number of pilot studies have been reported but so far there is a lack of replicated findings and to date no CSF biomarker discovered in proteomic studies has reached the clinic to aid in the diagnostic work-up of patients with cognitive impairment.
Fluoride varnishes containing sodium trimetaphosphate reduce enamel demineralization in vitro

Abstract Objective: This study evaluated the effects of fluoride varnishes containing sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) on bovine enamel demineralization in vitro. Material and methods: Enamel bovine discs were randomly assigned into six groups (n = 20/group): placebo, 2.5% NaF, 2.5% NaF/5% TMP, 5% NaF, 5% NaF/5% TMP, and a commercial formulation (Duraphat, 5% NaF). Varnishes were applied on all enamel discs and kept for 6 h. Loosely and firmly bound fluoride formed on/in enamel after treatment were analyzed in 10 discs from each group. The other 10 discs were subjected to a pH-cycling regimen for 7 days, and analyzed for surface (SH) and cross-sectional hardness (ΔKHN), as well as for loosely and firmly bound fluoride in/on enamel. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Student–Newman–Keuls’ test (p < .05). Results: The lowest SH change and ΔKHN were observed for the 5%NaF/5%TMP varnish, which was significantly different from all the other groups. Both fluoridated varnishes containing TMP promoted significantly lower SH change and ΔKHN when compared with their counterparts without TMP. Loosely and firmly bound fluoride was significantly lower in groups treated with varnishes containing TMP. Conclusion: TMP and fluoride added to varnishes have a synergistic effect against enamel demineralization in vitro.
Responses in muscle afferent fibres of slow conduction velocity to contractions and ischaemia in the cat.

The aim of the study was to find out to what extent muscle receptors with slowly conducting afferent fibres (group III and IV) are activated by muscular contractions of moderate force, and what kind of muscle afferents could mediate the pain of ischaemic exercise. In chloralose‐anaesthetized cats, the impulse activity of single afferent units from the triceps surae muscle was recorded from dorsal root filaments during muscular contractions with intact blood supply and after occlusion of the muscle artery. Two types of responses were observed to contractions without muscular ischaemia. One was characterized by sudden onset and a graded response amplitude to contractions of increasing force. In most cases stretching the muscle was also an effective stimulus. Units showing this response behaviour were labelled c.s. m (contraction‐sensitive with mechanical mechanism of activation). The other response type had a more delayed onset and often outlasted the exercise period; because of the unknown mechanism of activation, units of this kind were labelled c.s. x. The proportion of c.s. m receptors was significantly higher amongst group III than amongst group IV units. During ischaemic contractions of comparable force the c.s. m and c.s. x receptors exhibited an unchanged or a decreased response amplitude. Under these conditions another receptor type (N, for nociceptive) was activated which did not respond to contractions with intact blood supply. Vigorous activations during ischaemic work were only observed in group IV receptors. The majority of the 131 group III and IV units tested did not respond to contractions at all. These contraction‐insensitive (c.i.) endings probably comprised different receptor populations (nociceptors, thermoreceptors, low‐threshold mechanoreceptors). It is concluded that the various central nervous effects of muscular exercise without ischaemia which are known to be due to raised activity in thin muscle afferents (e.g. cardiopulmonary adjustments, spinal locomotor reflexes) are probably produced by the c.s. m and c.s. x types. The pain of ischaemic contractions is most likely mediated by the N receptors most of which possess non‐myelinated afferent fibres.
Comparing the Energy Expenditure of Wii‐Fit‐Based Therapy with That of Traditional Physiotherapy in an Older Adult Population

onto. Gary Naglie has received research funding from the Ontario Ministry of Health, Long-Term Care AFP Innovation Fund, and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research. Author Contributions: Rapoport, Herrmann, Molnar, Frank, Masellis, Tang-Wai, Pimlott, Naglie: study concept and design, interpretation of data, preparation of manuscript. Haider: preparation of manuscript. Zucchero Sarracini: acquisition of subjects, data analysis, preparation of manuscript. Kiss: expertise on data analysis, preparation of manuscript. Sponsor’s Role: The ASC, which provided funding for operational support of this project, had no role in study design, methods, subject recruitment, data collection, data analysis, or preparation of the manuscript. Because the ASC funding model did not permit payment to physicianparticipants, funding was secured from Transport Canada (Road Safety Research and Outreach Program) for the sole purpose of paying an honorarium to study participants.
On the complex three‐dimensional amplitude point spread function of lenses and microscope objectives: theoretical aspects, simulations and measurements by digital holography

The point spread function is widely used to characterize the three‐dimensional imaging capabilities of an optical system. Usually, attention is paid only to the intensity point spread function, whereas the phase point spread function is most often neglected because the phase information is not retrieved in noninterferometric imaging systems. However, phase point spread functions are needed to evaluate phase‐sensitive imaging systems and we believe that phase data can play an essential role in the full aberrations' characterization. In this paper, standard diffraction models have been used for the computation of the complex amplitude point spread function. In particular, the Debye vectorial model has been used to compute the amplitude point spread function of ×63/0.85 and ×100/1.3 microscope objectives, exemplifying the phase point spread function specific for each polarization component of the electromagnetic field. The effect of aberrations on the phase point spread function is then analyzed for a microscope objective used under nondesigned conditions, by developing the Gibson model ( Gibson & Lanni, 1991 ), modified to compute the three‐dimensional amplitude point spread function in amplitude and phase. The results have revealed a novel anomalous phase behaviour in the presence of spherical aberration, providing access to the quantification of the aberrations.
Моделирование операционной семантики машинных инструкций

Аннотация. В работе предлагается модель, позволяющая описывать операционную семантику машинных инструкций для широкого класса целевых архитектур. Особенностью модели является то, что она предназначена для обратного по сравнению с классической компиляторной задачей тракта преобразований, но в то же время модель позволяет выполнять над ней различные оптимизирующие преобразования. Для описания целевой машины применяются внешние спецификации. Рассмотрена прототипная подсистема интерпретации модели.
DNA Radiosensitization: The Search for Repair Refractive Lesions Including Double Strand Breaks and Interstrand Crosslinks

More than half of all cancer patients receive radiotherapy (RT) as part of their treatment regimens. The cytotoxicity of ionizing radiation is mainly mediated by the ensuing DNA damage. Double-stranded DNA breaks (DSB) are generally accepted to be the most important lesions for the induction of cell death by ionizing radiation because they are much more difficult to repair than single strand breaks, although their radiation yield is very low, at two orders of magnitude less than that of single strand breaks (SSB) (Hempel & Mildenberger, 1987). The role of other DNA lesions such as base damage and interstrand crosslinks in cell killing has not been yet fully elucidated. Gamma-radiation inflicts DNA damage via two separated processes: i) direct interaction with DNA and; ii) indirect damage produced by secondary radicals (OH, H and e aq) generated after water radiolysis (Michaels & Hunt, 1978). Among the H2O derived radicals, hydroxyl radicals (OH) are the species primarily responsible for strand break formation and DNA base damage (> 35%). Hydrated electrons, e aq, which are generated at a yield comparable to the OH (G-values of ~ 2.8x10-7 mol.J-1), participate in only ~ 8% of the total damage and the exact nature of DNA damage formed in vivo by e aq is obscure (Nabben et al., 1982). In vertebrate cells, the majority of RT-induced DSB are repaired by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) with some contribution from homologous recombination repair (HRR) during the late S and G2 phases of the cell cycle (Jackson, 2002; Takata et al., 1998). The repair of other DNA damages, such as interstrand crosslinks (ICL) is more complicated and less understood (Wang, 2007; Moldovan & D’Andrea, 2009). ICLs can be recognized by the nucleotide excision repair (NER) system and it is accepted that ICL repair involves nucleolytic cleavage at or near the site of ICL to produce a suitable substrate that can subsequently be repaired by homologous recombination (HR) (D’Andrea & Grompe, 2003; Moldovan & D’Andrea, 2009a, Liu et al., 2010). An approach to improve the effectiveness of RT is either to enhance the formation of lethal DNA lesions, or to use inhibitors of DNA repair pathways (or both) and thus to render tumor
Primary chemotherapy in resectable oral cavity squamous cell cancer: a randomized controlled trial.

PURPOSE Prognosis of patients with advanced oral cavity cancer is worth improving. Chemotherapy has been reported to be especially active in oral cavity tumors. Here we repeat the results of a randomized, multicenter trial enrolling patients with a resectable, stage T2-T4 (> 3 cm), N0-N2, M0 untreated, squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were randomly assigned to three cycles of cisplatin and fluorouracil followed by surgery (chemotherapy arm) or surgery alone (control arm). In both arms, postoperative radiotherapy was reserved to high-risk patients, and surgery was modulated depending on the tumor's closeness to the mandible. Patients' accrual was opened in 1989 and closed in 1999. It included 195 patients. RESULTS In the chemotherapy arm, three toxic deaths were recorded. No significant difference in overall survival was found. Five-year overall survival was, for both arms, 55%. Postoperative radiotherapy was administered in 33% of patients in the chemotherapy arm, versus 46% in the control arm. A mandible resection was performed in 52% of patients in the control arm, versus 31% in the chemotherapy arm. CONCLUSION The addition of primary chemotherapy to standard surgery was unable to improve survival. However, in this study, primary chemotherapy seemed to play a role in reducing the number of patients who needed to undergo mandibulectomy and/or radiation therapy. Variations in the criteria used to select patients for these treatment options may make it difficult to generalize these results, but there appears to be room for using preoperative chemotherapy to spare destructive surgery or radiation therapy in patients with advanced, resectable oral cavity cancer.
The Long-Term Survival Potential of Mature T Lymphocytes Is Programmed During Development in the Thymus

T cell receptor signaling in thymocytes determines their responsiveness to a survival cytokine later in life. Programming T Cell Survival The development of thymocytes in the thymus critically depends on signals through the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and the receptor for the homeostatic cytokine interleukin-7 (IL-7). During development, thymocytes lose IL-7Rα but regain the receptor after they receive signals through the TCR in a process known as positive selection. When thymocytes leave the thymus as mature T lymphocytes and move to peripheral lymphoid organs, they still depend on TCR and IL-7R signaling for their survival. Sinclair et al. found that TCR signaling in developing thymocytes in the mouse activated the reexpression of Il7r and the reappearance of IL-7Rα on the cell surface. The abundance of surface IL-7Rα correlated with the strength of positive selection, and those T cells with the highest abundance of IL-7Rα had the greatest chance of survival in the periphery. In contrast, TCR signaling in peripheral T cells did not alter the abundance or function of IL-7Rα. Together, these data suggest that TCR-dependent regulation of IL-7Rα abundance on thymocytes determines the long-term survivability of the resulting T cells. The homeostatic maintenance of normal numbers of mature T lymphocytes in the immune system depends on signaling from the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and the interleukin-7 receptor (IL-7R); however, it is unclear whether there is crosstalk between these two receptors. Here, we have identified a central role for TCR signaling during the development of T lymphocytes in the thymus in the determination of IL-7 function in mature T lymphocytes. We showed that Il7r expression in mature T cells was modulated by developmental TCR-dependent signals elicited during the process of positive selection in the thymus and that this mechanism was common to both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Control of Il7r expression by the TCR was limited to thymocytes because neither the abundance nor the function of IL-7Rα was affected by TCR signaling in peripheral T cells. Finally, we showed that thymocytes without optimal IL-7Rα abundance failed to form part of the pool of mature T lymphocytes that patrol the periphery of normal hosts, highlighting the importance of this mechanism in shaping the repertoire of lymphocytes that make up this population.
A novel missense mutation in the TRPS1 gene underlies trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type III

Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome (TRPS) is a dominantly inherited condition characterized by developmental defects of hair, face and selected bones. Three different clinical forms of TRPS are known: type I (TRPS I), type II (TRPS II) and type III (TRPS III). These share some major clinical features such as slow-growing hair, bulbous tip of the nose, long flat philtrum, thin upper vermilion border, and protruding ears. Skeletal abnormalities include cone-shaped epiphyses at the phalanges, hip malformations, and short stature. TRPS III (Sugio–Kajii syndrome) is associated with severe brachydactyly and short stature resulting from the progressing shortening of all the phalanges and metacarpals and some long bones. Several studies have implicated mutations in the TRPS1 gene at chromosome 8q24.1 as the underlying cause of TRPS I and TRPS III. Several deletions, nonsense and missense mutations causing TRPS I have been identified in the entire coding region of the TRPS1 gene. Mutations causing TRPS III are located solely in exon 6 of the TRPS1 gene, which affect the function of the zinc-finger domain of TRPS1 protein. TRPS II (Langer–Giedion syndrome) is a contiguous gene syndrome combining the clinical features of TRPS I and mental retardation, and hereditary multiple exostoses due to a de novo deletion of the two contiguous EXT1 and TRPS1 genes at chromosome 8q24.1. TRPS1 protein is a vertebrate nuclear transcription factor of the GATA family encoding 1281 amino acids with nine putative zinc-finger domains, including a single carboxy-terminal GATA-type zinc finger (896–920 aa), and two nuclear localization signals (NLS1: 886–891 aa and NLS2: 946–952 aa). Very little is known about TRPS1 other than that it functions as a GATA family sequence-specific transcriptional repressor.
The osteoclast and its unique cytoskeleton

The osteoclast cytoskeleton is a unique structure that polarizes the cell's resorptive machinery to the bone–cell interface where it creates an isolated resorptive microenvironment consisting of an actin ring surrounding a ruffled border. This polarization process occurs under the aegis of the αvβ3 integrin in collaboration with the M‐CSF receptor, c‐Fms. When occupied, αvβ3 activates a canonical signaling complex consisting of c‐Src, Syk, Dap12, Slp76, Vav 3, and Rac that permits the cell to spread and form actin rings. Generation of the ruffled border, the cell's resorptive organelle, is an exocytic process wherein synaptotagmin VII mediates fusion of secretory lysosomes to the bone‐apposed plasma membrane. Absence of any component of this signaling pathway compromises osteoclast cytoskeletal organization and abridges bone resorption.
Verification of Advanced High Performance Bus Arbiter using System Verilog Assertion

- With the fanatically improvement in electronics interconnection technologies, Arbiter is required for high performance buses. Arbiters subsist in almost every logic design. In many designs a large number of requesters must access a same resource. An arbiter is used to arbitrate how the resource is shared amongst the multiple requesters. The arbitration plays a captious role to determine the performance of bus based system, as it assign precedence with which processors is grant the access to the shared communication resources. In this paper, Round robin arbitration is used for scheduling and verified by using (SVA) SystemVerilog Assertion as it is widely used verification techniques to enhance the verification quality and reduce the debugging time of complex designs in order to speedup the verification process. Here, Advanced High Performance Bus (AHB) Arbiter is designed in verilog language. This design is then verified using SVA binding construct in ModelSim. Binding allows verification engineers to add assertions to design without touching the design files.