Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Performance and ponderal development of dairy heifers fed sugar cane based diets

The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance, ponderal development of heifers fed sugar cane based diets, supplemented with non protein nitrogen (NPN) sources (urea or broiler litter, in replacement of urea) and, or, probiotics addition (without probiotic, with yeast or with ruminal microbiota). Cost and gross margin of the use of these diets were also evaluated. Twenty-four heifers, with age and average initial weight of 14 months and 247 kg LW, respectively, were maintained in individual stalls and ad libitum fed during the experimental of 84 days. The animals were distributed in a complete randomized design, in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement (NPN source vs probiotic source), with four replicates. The heifers were weighed and their thoracic perimeter, hip and croup height were determined at the beginning and at the end of the experimental period and at every 28 days. The blood plasma N-urea levels of the heifers were also determined in blood samples collected immediately before the daily feed supply, zero hour, and at two, four, six and eight hours post feeding. There was no interaction between NPN sources and the probiotic sources, for any studied characteristic. The sugar cane supplementation with the NPN sources had no eefect on the average daily weight gain. However, the yeast or ruminal microbiota addition promoted similar weight gains, although, higher than without probiotic addition. The partial replacement of the urea for the broiler litter did not affect the heifers performance, but the diets supplemented with yeast or ruminal microbiota presented higher weight gain and ponderal development.
Distribution of understorey species in forest affected by Phytophthora cinnamomi in south-western Western Australia

The introduced soil-borne pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands infects and kills a large number of species in the jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata Donn. ex Smith) forest of Western Australia, causing great floristic and structural change. Many of the floristic changes can be explained simply by the known susceptibility of species to infection. Some common species, however, are rarely found at infested sites but are thought to be resistant to infection. It has been postulated that such species may be affected by the change in habitat caused by the death of trees, and not by P. cinnamomi directly. If this were the case, such species should cluster around surviving trees at infested sites. The occurrence of a susceptible species in the vicinity of trees surviving at infested sites has also been reported. To investigate the spatial relationship between trees and understorey species, the positions of trees and selected perennial understorey species were mapped at two sites in jarrah forest long-affected by P. cinnamomi. Random sets of plants and trees were generated and used in simulations to test whether understorey species grew closer to trees than expected. Many understorey species, both resistant and susceptible to infection by P. cinnamomi, were found to grow closer than expected to trees currently growing at the sites and closer to the trees that would have been present at the time of infestation. This suggests that not only do these trees enable some resistant species to persist at infested sites but that they also offer protection to some susceptible species against damage by P. cinnamomi. The proximity of many understorey species to trees that are likely to have appeared at the study sites since the first infestation indicates that the maintenance and enhancement of tree cover at infested sites in the jarrah forest may limit the damage caused by P. cinnamomi and assist in the protection of biodiversity.
Histological Study of Malformation in Flax Seed after Exposure to 31⚬ C

1. With an increase in the temperature of the 12-hour day from 25⚬ C. to 31⚬ C. , beginning at full bloom, the incidence of blighted seed in Marine flax increased, and the percentage of seed that germinated decreased. 2. With an increase from 1 to 7 days of exposure of Marine flax to 31⚬ C. for 12 hours per day, beginning at full bloom, there was an increase in the incidence of damaged seed. Such exposure continuing for 3 or more consecutive days caused injury that could not be eliminated by return to lower temperatures.
Studies of weaned lambs before, during and after a period of weight loss. II Body composition

Lambs at pasture were weaned when nearly 15 kg, brought indoors and given a balanced diet. They were studied during growth from 15 to 25 kg, then underfed for 21 weeks, which caused their weight to return to 17 kg, and finally allowed to regain weight on ad libitum feeding. The recovery phase was not commenced until some sheep were no longer able to stand and feed. At about 15, 20 and 25 kg in each phase of the experiment, tritiated water (TOH) space was measured on all sheep, and some were slaughtered and the chemical composition of the body determined. Body composition estimated from TOH space agreed closely with that measured post mortem. Allowing for variation with weight, the composition of the empty body was affected slightly by under-nutrition and by compensatory growth, but there was no net effect of the whole cycle of events. The only clear effect of weight change on body composition was a reduction in the protein content (with corresponding increase in fat) during the later stage of weight loss.
The individual competencies and organisational ambidextrous: Indonesian SMEs perspective

This study provides perspectives on ambidexterity practices within Indonesian SMEs for their internationalisation strategic development to respond to the present business environment. 'Ambidexterity organisation capability' as well as 'dynamic capability' of Indonesian SMEs were investigated. The improvement of Indonesian SMEs 'ambidexterity organisation capability' can lead to innovation opportunity to exercise for better new products, services, processes or new technologies to fulfil the market' demands. The study used a quantitative methodology and SMART PLS to analyse data. This study contributes to the field of internationalisation of Indonesian SMEs with a two-dimensional change of individual and organisational competencies.
Vocalizations and associated behaviour of Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) calves

The present study describes the acoustic structure and associated behavioural contexts of vocalizations of Asian elephant calves. Three hundred twenty-seven vocalizations of six calves aged between 6 and 27 months were recorded at the Emmen and the Cologne zoo. Based on temporal and structural characteristics including nonlinear phenomena, we structurally distinguished four call types, the rumble, the roar, the chirp and the trumpet. Most vocalizations were uttered during all forms of play behaviour, with chirps and trumpets dominating here. Rumbles were mainly recorded in combination with roars; the latter were highly chaotic in structure and associated with higher arousal contexts (e.g., being separated from the mother). These first insights into the vocal behaviour of Asian elephant calves reveal that calf vocalizations clearly differ in acoustic structure and application from those of adults and older juveniles. This highlights the importance of investigating the vocal ontogeny of elephants as well as other species having a long adolescence and developmental period.
Review : Evolution of the Motor System: Why the Elephant's Trunk Works Like a Human's Hand

The nucleus of Darkschewitsch, the nucleus accessorius medialis of Bechterew, and the parvicellular red nucleus in the mammalian mesodiencephalon fuse with each other and thus have borders that are not always distinct. These structures project topographically to the inferior olive and receive inputs from motor cortex, premotor cortex, substantia nigra, and cerebellar nuclei, which suggests that these nuclei play an important role in mammalian motor control. Furthermore, the nuclei show developmental differences that correspond with species-specialized body parts, such as the human's hand, the axial muscular system of the whale, and the elephant's trunk, to name just a few. We focus here on the differences in these meso diencephalo-olivo-cerebellar projections among certain mammals and propose that these brain structures are altered as the animal's gross anatomy alters. We also suggest that well-developed mesodiencephalo olivo-cerebellar projections may be an important factor for the differentiation of the large neocortex of the human, primate, elephant, and whale during evolutionary progress. NEUROSCIENTIST 5:217-226, 1999
Direct Binding of the Platelet Integrin αIIbβ3 (GPIIb-IIIa) to Talin

As a consequence of platelet activation and fibrinogen binding, glycoprotein (GP)IIb-IIIa (integrin αIIbβ3) becomes associated with the cytoskeleton. Although talin has been suggested to act as a linkage protein mediating the attachment of GPIIb-IIIa to actin filaments, direct binding of GPIIb-IIIa to this cytoskeletal protein has not been demonstrated. In the present study, we examined the interaction of GPIIb-IIIa with purified talin using a solid-phase binding assay. Soluble GPIIb-IIIa bound in a time- and dose-dependent manner to microtiter wells coated with talin but not with BSA. Time course studies demonstrated that steady-state binding was achieved after 4–5 h incubation at 37°C. Binding isotherms with varying concentrations of GPIIb-IIIa showed that half-saturation binding was achieved at approximately 15 nM GPIIb-IIIa. At saturation, there was 211 ± 8 fmol of GPIIb-IIIa bound per well containing 117 ± 10 fmol of immobilized talin. Besides binding to immobilized talin, GPIIb-IIIa also bound to talin captured by the anti-talin monoclonal antibody 8d4. Moreover, the interaction of GPIIb-IIIa to 8d4-captured talin was blocked by mAb10B2, a monoclonal antibody raised against a synthetic peptide encompassing the entire cytoplasmic sequence of GPIIb. The interaction of talin with the cytoplasmic domain of GPIIb-IIIa was further investigated using peptide-coated wells. Purified talin was found to bind to both synthetic peptides corresponding to the cytoplasmic sequences of GPIIb (P2b) and GPIIIa (P3a). As expected, the binding of talin to P2b-coated wells was specifically blocked by mAb10B2. Thus, these results demonstrate direct binding of GPIIb-IIIa to talin and suggest a role of the cytoplasmic sequences of both GPIIb and GPIIIa in mediating this interaction.
The influence of temperature and light on larval pre-settlement metamorphosis: a study of the effects of environmental factors on pre-settlement metamorphosis of the solitary ascidian Styela canopus

This study investigated the effects of two environmental factors, temperature and light, on larval settlement and metamorphosis in the solitary ascidian Styela canopus. The results revealed that larval settlement rates decreased with increasing temperature in the range 12–30°C. We also demonstrated for the first time that pre-settlement metamorphosis of ascidian larvae can occur as a function of temperature. We suggest this could be an adaptation to avoid the greater energetic cost of active larval swimming, presumably resulting from the increasing temperature. They are able to metamorphose into passive drifting post-larvae and to continue planktonic life. This finding has implications for larval dispersal, especially under conditions of ocean warming. In addition, the effect of light intensity on larval settlement and metamorphosis was significantly different between photoperiods of 24 L : 0 D and 12 L : 12 D. These results provide some insight into the complex cues affecting settlement and metamorphosis of ascidian larvae and ascidian distribution in nature.
Effect of micronutrient fertilization and methods of application on yield and quality of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in sub-humid southern plains zone

A field experiment was conducted during two consequent years (kharif) of 2010 and 2011 to assess the effect of micronutrient fertilization and method of nutrient application on productivity, quality and economics of sorghum. The experiment consisted of 24 treatment combinations and replicated three times in split plot design with three methods of nutrient application (soil application, foliar spray and soil+foliar application) and eight micronutrient treatments: Control–(RDF-NPK), RDF+Fe, RDF+Zn, RDF+B, RDF+Fe+Zn, RDF+Fe+B, RDF+Zn+B and RDF+Fe+Zn+B. The results of the study showed that method of nutrient application through soil+foliar spray significantly increased grain (13.88 and 12.13%), stover (10.68 and 8.58%) and biological yield (11.33 and 9.31%) and chlorophyll content at 60 DAS (9.23 and 7.53%) with combined application of micronutrient (RDF+Fe+Zn+B) significantly increased grain, stover and biological yield (25.44, 15.52 and 17.45%) and chlorophyll content at 60 DAS (20.32%) and protein content (8.98%) in sorghum crop on pooled data basis over control.
A hot spot for hotfoot mutations in the gene encoding the δ2 glutamate receptor

The orphan glutamate receptor δ2 is selectively expressed in Purkinje cells and plays a crucial role in cerebellar functions. Recently, ataxia in the hotfoot mouse ho4J was demonstrated to be caused by a deletion in the δ2 receptor gene (Grid2) removing the N‐terminal 170 amino acids of the δ2 receptor. To understand how δ2 receptors function, we characterized mutations in eight additional spontaneously occurring hotfoot alleles of Grid2. The mouse Grid2 gene consists of 16 exons, spanning approximately 1.4 Mb. Genomic DNA analysis showed that seven hotfoot mutants had a deletion of one or more exons encoding the N‐terminal domain of δ2 receptors. The exception is ho5J, which has a point mutation in exon 12. Deletions in ho7J, ho9J, ho11J and ho12J mice result in the in‐frame deletion of between 40 and 95 amino acids. Expression of constructs containing these deletions in HEK293 cells resulted in protein retention in the endoplasmic reticulum or cis‐Golgi without transport to the cell surface. Coimmunoprecipitation assays indicated that these deletions also reduce the intermolecular interaction between individual δ2 receptors. These results indicate that the deleted N‐terminal regions are crucial for oligomerization of δ2 receptors and their subsequent transport to the cell surface of Purkinje cells. The relatively large size of the Grid2 gene may be one of the reasons why many spontaneous mutations occur in this gene. In addition, the frequent occurrence of in‐frame deletions within the N‐terminal domain in hotfoot mutants suggests the importance of this domain in the function of δ2 receptors.
Rhinorhipidae, a new beetle family from Australia, with comments on the phylogeny of the elateriformia

Rhinorhipus tamborinensis, gen, et sp. nov., is described from southern Queensland, Australia, and is made the type of a new family, Rhinorhipidae, fam. nov. The major morphological features of Rhinorhipus are compared with those of related taxa of Polyphaga (Elateriformia, Dascilloidea and Eucinetoidea). Comments are made on the phylogeny and classification of elateriforms based on cladistic and phenetic analyses of a 25 taxon-112 character data set, and a tentative superfamily classification of Elateriformia, sensu novo is proposed.
Influence of Deep Learning Neural Network on Performance Evaluation of Sustainable Development of International Trade

The objective is to enable international trade companies to understand their situation in a timely and rapid manner and make optimal sustainable development decisions. The improved balanced scorecard model is applied to the construction of the evaluation index system for the sustainable development of international trade. Through the literature survey, the causal relationship between various indexes is analyzed. Eventually, taking the performance evaluation model with 5 first-level indexes, 10 second-level indexes, and 25 third-level indexes as the finance dimension, client dimension, internal process dimension, learning and growth dimension, as well as environment dimension is formed. The COFCO International Trade Platform is selected as a case, and 300 questionnaires are issued to evaluate its performance. Then, BP (Back Propagation) neural network is used as the model. AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method is combined to determine the weight of each index, further obtaining the actual evaluation model. 15 companies are selected to test the model. The results show that the application of the balanced scorecard model is conducive to improving the company's understanding of the performance evaluation management of international trade platforms. The neural network model can also accurately evaluate the performance of international trade companies, and it is highly practical, which can provide a healthy and sustainable development idea for the performance evaluation of international trade companies.
Power and influence in post-secession South Sudan: A leadership perspective on nation-building

ABSTRACT Following South Sudan's secession in 2011, the country faced significant political, social and economic challenges. The country emerged from a long andarduous nation-building journey, including almost 50 years of violent conflict, that would continue after declaring independence. This nation-building process would suffer a significant set-back in December 2013 when the most recent civil war broke out. This article provides a new perspective on South Sudan's nation-building trajectory that tends towards violence and complicates peace-building. It does so by utilising the leadership process approach from the Leadership Studies literature. While popular literature and commentary tends to fault the South Sudanese elite for the current crisis, there has not been a systematic effort to understand the leadership challenge and its role in conflict, peace and nation-building in South Sudan. In this article, South Sudan's nation-building process and its three primary components of (a) identity construction, (b) statehood and (c) collective will and responsibility, are analysed from a leadership perspective, focusing on issues of power and influence. The conclusion is reached that South Sudan's nation-building has been and will likely continue to trend towards a violent process due to a leadership process that lacks mutuality and is founded on insufficient sources of power.
Résistance de Botrytis cinerea aux benzimidazoles et aux dicarboximides dans les cultures abritées de tomate en Tunisie

Suite a des prospections effectuees en 1995 sur des cultures de tomate abritees, la pourriture grise s'est averee la maladie la plus grave malgre une intense protection phytosanitaire. L'etude au laboratoire de la sensibilite de quelques isolats de Botrytis cinerea aux principaux fongicides antibotrytis employes en Tunisie a montre la forte resistance du parasite au benomyl. En effet, les isolats testes se sont developpes sur milieu de culture enrichi de 100 ppm de cette matiere active. A cette meme concentration, l'inhibition de la croissance mycelienne a ete inferieure a 62,8% et les frequences des spores resistantes ont ete superieures a 86,8%. Pour certains isolats, la CI 50 a depasse 100 ppm. D'autre part, tous les isolats testes se sont developpes en presence d'iprodione ou de chlozolinate et peuvent etre consideres comme resistants a ces deux produits. A 10 ppm de matiere active, ces dicarboximides ont inhibe la croissance mycelienne de 61,4–80,5%. A cette concentration, la resistance des spores au chlozolinate a atteint une frequence de 91%. L'apparition de la resistance a ce fongicide, non encore homologue en Tunisie, pourrait etre liee a une resistance croisee positive avec d'autres produits de la meme famille.
Effect of Implementing Guidelines Regarding Administering Inotropic Medications for Critically Ill Patients on Nurses' Knowledge

Background: There is no teaching guidelines denoted for improving the nurses' knowledge regarding inotropic medication administration, that emphasizes the intervention teaching guidelines necessity. Aim of the study: To assess the effect of intervention teaching guidelines regarding administering inotropic medications for critically ill patients on nurses' knowledge. Design: Quasi-experimental research design was used in the study. Setting: the present study was carried out at Critical Care Units. Sample: A convenient sample of all staff nurses (60 nurses). Tools of data collection: The data were collected using one tool titled nurses' knowledge assessment questionnaire. Results: 86.7% of studied nurses had satisfactory level of knowledge regarding inotropic medications post implementing teaching guidelines. The post and follow up-intervention mean knowledge was high 29.33, 29.40 respectively when compared with pre-intervention practice mean score 18.10 with P value < . 001.
Although surgery should not be used as first-line treatment, immediate ablation should be performed when necrotic change around the fang mark is recognized

, v. 16, n. 1, p. 3-4, 2010. Herein, I give my response and present my considerations on why immediate radical fang-mark ablation may be effective in some cases (2). Firstly, I also believe that surgery is not the best treatment for snake envenomation, as Dr. Chippaux (1) stated in the conclusion of his letter. Appropriate first-aid treatment for fang wounds is clearly described in the booklet entitled “How to Prevent or Respond to a Snake Bite” by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), where it is stated “Do not slash the wound with a knife” (3). I believe that mere slashing is of no use for reducing the injected volume of venom; conversely, it may worsen the bite wound by provoking infection and nerve or vessel injury (4). Secondly, I do not dismiss antivenom usage, as stated in our article: “Continuous observation is indispensable after ablation, and if severe systemic symptoms of envenomation occur […] antivenom treatment should be indicated with no hesitation” (2). I think this principle is the same when a patient does not undergo ablation. Thirdly, although snakebites are most commonly treated with specific antivenoms, surgical management has also been practiced. Several investigators reported that many patients required surgical debridement or amputation to treat bite wounds, subsequent to or along with conservative treatment (5-8). Wongtongkam
Prevention and treatment of the toxic tumour syndrome following primary proton beam therapy of choroidal melanomas

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoresection for choroidal melanoma to prevent and treat the toxic tumour syndrome (TTS). Material and methods: Thirteen patients who underwent primary proton beam therapy (PBRT) for choroidal melanoma followed by endoresection were evaluated. Main outcome measures were functional and anatomical results, surgical complications, rate of local recurrence, presence or absence of metastatic spread. Results: The median time of the follow-up period was 61.6 months. Six patients with clinical signs of TTS and seven with large tumours to prevent TTS underwent endoresection. Tumour thickness was 5.8 to 9.3 mm (mean: 7.6), the basal diameters were 10.6 to 15.0 mm (mean: 13.4). Preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 6/7.5 to counting fingers and the final BCVA was 6/15 to no light perception, and was better in those treated to prevent TTS ( p = 0.01). The most universal early postoperative complication was bleeding from the scleral bed. The most common late postoperative complications were epiretinal membrane formation (30.8%), cystoid macular oedema (23.1%) and silicone oil-induced glaucoma (15.4%). Two (15.4%) patients developed phthisis bulbi, neither developed local recurrence. One patient developed liver metastases. Conclusions: Endoresection for choroidal melanoma is a safe and effective procedure with a high rate of local tumour control. The procedure appears to be useful in the prophylaxis and treatment of TTS after PBRT of choroidal melanoma.