Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Natural Resource Policy and the Paradox of Public Involvement

Summary Immersed in natural resource policy approaches such as ecosystem management is the expectation that the best available science will be applied so that the best policy management decision will result. Citizens, like scientists and land managers, want natural resource management decisions based on good science rather than special interest group politics. Yet citizens also want to be involved in the decision process and are skeptical about the very science they claim must be the basis for policy actions. Herein lies an apparent paradox. Citizens' want the best science to guide natural resource management decisions, but not to the exclusion of their input. Similarly, there seems to be a paradox in the sentiments expressed by natural resource management agency administrators and specialists. Agency personnel know they need meaningful citizen involvement in their management decisions, but they also want citizens to trust their scientific expertise. This paper is about that paradox and innovative ways to work through it. We first discuss the nature of natural resource conflict, then address the paradox in some depth. A discussion of traditional public participation precedes innovative methods for working through the paradox.
Luciano De Petrocellis-CNS&ND-MS

DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.ienj. 2015. 05.007 Abstract: Eleven compounds belonging to the chalcone family were tested for their ability to activate and subsequently desensitize the rat transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 cation channel, subfamily A, member 1 (TRPA1) in a heterologous expression system. Four of the tested compounds were more potent than the TRPA1 agonist mustard oil, and showed also a strong desensitizing effect. Some chalcone compounds were not pungent in the eye-wiping assay and quite remarkably inhibited in a long-lasting and dose-dependent manner the mustard oil-induced response in the formalin test. Chalcones can be considered as novel candidates for the development of anti-hyperalgesic preparations based on TRPA1 desensitization.
Productive and reproductive performance of crossbred and indigenous Dairy cows under rural conditions in Comilla, Bangladesh

A comparative account of the productive and reproductive performance of crossbred and indigenous dairy cows at some selected areas of Comilla district. The survey was conducted on 50 dairy cows for a period of four months from June to September, 2004. Out of 50 cows 25 were crossbred and 25 were indigenous. Results showed that the average daily milk production of Local, Shahiwal x Local, Friesian x Local and Jersey x Local dairy cows was 2.26±0.19, 4.9±0.95, 6.0±1.0 and 5.71±0.87 liter respectively. The average age of calving interval and lactation length of the crossbred and indigenous cows did not differ significantly (P>0.05). However, the average age at puberty of Shahiwal x Local, Friesian x Local and Jersey x Local was significantly (P 0.05). The average gestation length of Local, Shahiwal x Local, Friesian x Local and Jersey x Local was 289.88±1.44, 285.0±0.0, 285.0±4.18, and 282.08±2.42 days respectively. The productive and reproductive performance of Friesian x Local cows was superior to the rest of the breeds under study. Key words: Dairy cows, indigenous, crossbred, production, reproduction and performance Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 26, 2007. pp. 67-70
þa, þonne, and V2 in Old and Middle English

(1) a. object–Vfin–subject [ Þæt hus] hæfdon Romane to ðæm anum tacne geworht . that house had Romans to the one sign made ‘The Romans had made that house to their sole sign. ’ (Orosius, Or_3:5.59.3.1042) b. PP–Vfin–subject [ On þysse dune ufanweardre] bæd Sanctus Albanus fram Gode . on this hill higher up bade Saint Alban from God ‘On this hill higher up Saint Alban asked from God . ’ (Bede,Bede_1:7.38.30.323) c. adverb–Vfin–subject [ Uneaðe] mæg mon to geleafsuman gesecgan . Hardly may man to faithful speak ‘Hardly may man speak to the faithful . ’ (Orosius, Or_3:9.70.16.1292)
Global school relationships. School linking and future challenges

The process of School Linking has attained a raised prof le in UK Development Education cir cles in recent years. This paper reviews recent literature and issues1. It sets out to answer these r esearch questions: What is the interest in North-South School Links for people in the North and the South and what ar e possible contradictions? How is the School Linking pr ocess currently evaluated? Arising from these research questions, the concluding section seeks to identify the challenges for further Links and potential research topics in the f eld. Zusammenfassung: Schulpartnerschaftsarbeit zwischen Nord und Süd hat in den letzen Jahren im Kontext des Globalen Lernens in Gr oßbritannien an Prof l gewonnen. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Überblick über die aktuelle Diskussion gegeben. Zudem werden Forschungsfragen thematisiert: Was sind Interessen und Ziele in der Schulpartnerschaftsarbeit und was sind mögliche W idersprüche dieser Arbeit? Wie wird diese Arbeit evaluiert? Anschließend werden die zukünftigen Herausforderungen dieser Arbeit benannt.
Nitrate reductase and nitrate accumulation in relation to nitrate toxicity in Boronia megastigma

Moderate levels of N were toxic to the native Australian plant boronia (Boronia megastigma Nees). As NO-3 is the major N form available for plants under cultivated conditions, NO-3 reduction and accumulation patterns in boronia were examined following the supply of various levels of NO-3 to understand the physiological basis of this toxicity. At a low level of supplied NO-3 [15 mmol (plant)-1], NO-3 was reduced without any detectable accumulation and without nitrate reductase activity (NRA) reaching its maximum capacity. When higher NO-3 levels [≥25 mmol (plant)-1] were supplied, both NRA and NO-3 accumulation increased further. However, NRA increased to a maximum of ca 500 nmol NO-3 (g fresh weight)-1 h-1, both in the roots and leaves, irrespective of a 4-fold difference in the levels of supplied NO-3, whereas NO-3 continued to accumulate in proportion to the level of supplied NO-3. Chlorotic toxicity symptoms appeared on the leaves at an accumulation of ca 32 μmol NO-3 (g fresh weight)-1. High endogenous NO-3 concentrations inhibited NRA. The low level of NRA in boronia was not limited by NO-3 or electron donor availability. It is concluded that the low NR enzyme activity is a genetic adaptation to the low NO-3 availability in the native soils of boronia. Thus, when NO-3 supply is high, the plat cannot reduce it at high rates, leading to large and toxic accumulations of the ion in the leaf tissues.
Energy Intake and Energy Expenditure Pattern in Middle Aged Females 30-50 Years of Age Living in Urban Slums of Punjab

The purpose of the study was to examine if any discrepancy exists between energy intake & expenditure in females (N=600) between 30-50 years of age living in urban slums of Punjab. Daily dietary record and energy expenditure data was collected for three consecutive days for all the subjects. The subjects of the present study gain weight with increase in age. On an average, the females especially after the age of 40 years, exhibit greater caloric intake than their energy expenditure.
REMOVAL OF DYES FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING CORAL WOOD TREE LEGUME AS NATURAL ADSORBENT

Water pollution is an ever growing menace in the present stage of development. Factories and industries bloomed, increasing the amount of harmful waste generated, sealing the fate of the clean environment (Shrihari and Raghavendra Kiran, 2003). Wastewater from textile industries poses major environmental problems. The wastewater from textile industry destroys the water, in which they are discharged. Textile wastewater is of varied composition often containing dyes, salts, organic surfactants and solvents (Katyal and Daga, 2003). The effluents of textile wastewater contain different of quantities of dyes, which are inert and may be toxic at the concentration discharged into receiving water. The discharge of highly colored effluents into natural water bodies is not only aesthetically displeasing, but it also impedes light penetration, thus upsetting biological processes which are within the stream. In addition, many dyes are toxic to some organisms causing direct destruction of aquatic communities. Some dyes can cause allergic dermatitis, skin irritation, cancer and mutation in human beings and harmful to aquatic life.
Climate change and evolution of the New World pitviper genus Agkistrodon (Viperidae)

Aim We derived phylogenies, phylogeographies, and population demographies for two North American pitvipers, Agkistrodon contortrix (Linnaeus, 1766) and A. piscivorus (Lacépède, 1789) (Viperidae: Crotalinae), as a mechanism to evaluate the impact of rapid climatic change on these taxa.
Measuring regeneration of dissolved phosphorus in planktonic communities

We developed a technique to measure the release of dissolved phosphorus from entire or size-fractionated plankton communities. The method involves radio-labeling the plankton with phosphate and then competitively blocking the reassimilation of released radiolabel with 31 PO 4 . The increase in dissolved radioactivity is then assayed. The initial ratio of 31 P to radioactivity and the increase in dissolved radioactivity are used to estimate the release of dissolved phosphorus. Total (unfractionated) regeneration rates from two oligotrophic lakes had a range of 15-205 ng P liter -1 h -1 . Regeneration by the <40-μm fraction accounted for an average of 77% of the total. The results indicate that microorganisms (protists and bacteria) are the major regenerators of dissolved phosphorus in the plankton of these lakes.
ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF REPRODUCTION IN NUTRIA MYOCASTOR COYPUS MOL.

Toutes les phases de l'activito sexuelle du Ragondin sont influenced par les facteurs ocologiques et sociologiques : la maturite* sexuelle peut etre atteinte plus ou moins tot, la poriode d'anoestrus peut etre allongee, les chaleurs peuvent etre provoquees, la gestation peut etre favorisee. Les rapports de dominance et de territorialite" peuvent etre transformed sous Tinfluence du comportement de parade sexuelle. Lorsque celle-ci est impossible, 1'accouplement peut etre trouble et il peut apparaitrc de la storilite. La construction du nid favorise la reproduction et depend de la structure de la population.
The Billings Ovulation Method® in the service of knowledge, love and science

The late respected director Anna Cappella was a tireless and passionate supporter of the Billings Ovulation Method®, as well as a friend and collaborator of Drs John and Evelyn Billings: the Centre on Natural Fertility Regulation (NFR) was born, from their partnership, at the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart in Rome, where couples have searched and found qualified professional advice on this Natural Method and a careful approach to the values of the person, respectful of the ethical issues related to the answers and reasons of the Magisterium with regard to sexuality and fertility.
Relationships between the density and diversity of floral resources and flower visitor activity in a temperate grassland community

Abstract 1. Does the diversity and abundance of one trophic level affect another? Several studies at the landscape level have found a positive relationship between the diversity of floral resources and the diversity and abundance of pollinators. However, little is known about the relationship between these trophic levels on a smaller spatial scale, and the importance of blossom density relative to plant species richness in predicting abundance and richness of different flower visitor groups.
The Neuroscience of Moral Judgment: Empirical and Philosophical Developments

We chart how neuroscience and philosophy have together advanced our understanding of moral judgment with implications for when it goes well or poorly. The field initially focused on brain areas associated with reason versus emotion in the moral evaluations of sacrificial dilemmas. But new threads of research have studied a wider range of moral evaluations and how they relate to models of brain development and learning. By weaving these threads together, we are developing a better understanding of the neurobiology of moral judgment in adulthood and to some extent in childhood and adolescence. Combined with rigorous evidence from psychology and careful philosophical analysis, neuroscientific evidence can even help shed light on the extent of moral knowledge and on ways to promote healthy moral development.
Analysis of Analog Modulo Block Codes

—Digital transmission of analog speech, audio, or video requires source coding which introduces unavoidable quantization errors. The bit stream produced by the source encoder needs to be protected against transmission errors by channel coding. The split of a given gross bit rate between source and channel coding is a compromise taking into account the design target of the worst case channel. Thus, even in clear channel conditions the quality of the decoded source signal is limited because of the irreversible quantization errors. Analog transmission systems with discrete-time and quasi-continuous-amplitude encoding and decoding do not show this saturation effect. Instead, their performance improves for increasing channel qualities. Examples are Linear Analog Block Codes, which show a poor overall performance, and (nonlinear) Archimedes spirals, which are just suited for the case of transmitting one source symbol with two channel uses. Here, Analog Modulo Block Codes are proposed, which employ the matrix multiplication used in Linear Analog Block Codes while adding a modulo operation as nonlinearity. These codes combine the advantages of outperforming all purely digital codes in very good channel conditions (because of the absent quantization error) and requiring less energy per symbol than Linear Analog Block Codes (because of the modulo operation). Two different types of decoders are presented, and the results are evaluated and discussed.
Lindner et al. (2014) TRACKING DECISION MAKING IN MULTIPLE-CHOICE ASSESSMENT Tracking the Decision Making Process in Multiple-Choice Assessment: Evidence from Eye Movements

This study investigated students’ decision making processes in a knowledge-assessing multiple-choice (MC) test using eye tracking methodology. More precisely, the gaze bias effect (more attention to more preferred options) and its relation to domain knowledge were the focus of the study. Eye movements of students with high (HPK) and low (LPK) prior domain knowledge were recorded while they solved 21 MC items. Afterwards, students rated every answer option according to their subjective preference. As expected, both HPK and LPK students showed a gaze bias towards subjectively preferred answer options, whereby HPK students spent more time on objectively correct answers. Furthermore, a fine-grained time course analysis showed similar patterns of attention distribution over time for both HPK and LPK students, when focusing on subjective preference levels. Thus, these data offer a new perspective on knowledge-related MC itemsolving and provide evidence for the generalizability of the gaze bias effect across decision tasks.
32 Epidemiological study.pmd

1School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research; 2Isfahan Training and Health Research Centre; 4Bandar Abbas Training and Health Research Centre; 5Yazd Training and Health Research Centre; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. 3Department of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Islamic Republic of Iran. ABSTRACT An outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Sabzevar county prompted this study of the epidemiology and the ecology of vectors and reservoirs. Examination of 541 schoolchildren showed rates of 9.4% for scars and 5.9% for ulcers. Among 807 inhabitants of 4 villages, 10.4% had scars and 3.0% had active lesions. The most highly infected age group was 0–4 years with a rate of 5.9%. A total of 12 849 sandflies representing 7 species were collected in the study area. Leptomonad infection was found in Phlebotomus papatasi, P. caucasicus and Sergentomyia sintoni. Parasites from man, P. papatasi and Rhombomys opimus, were isolated and characterized as Leishmania major. Based on this survey, this is an epidemic of zoonotic CL, with R. opimus the main reservoir host, and P. papatasi the main vector.
Neue Erkenntnisse über die Inhaltstoffe des Apfels Teil 1 –Primäre Inhaltsstoffe und Vitamine

Unter den Früchten, welche in den gemäßigten Breiten angebaut werden, hat wohl keine eine solch hohe symbolische Bedeutung wie der Apfel. Er versinnbildlicht seit jeher gleichermaßen Vollkommenheit, Erkenntnis, Macht, das Leben an sich und die Liebe. So wird bereits in der Bibel vom Apfelbaum als Baum der Erkenntnis von Gut und Böse berichtet, aufgrund seiner Früchte mussten Adam und Eva das Paradies verlassen. Später war es wiederum ein Apfel, anhand dessen Isaac Newton die Gesetze der Schwerkraft entdeckte. Martin Luther wird folgender Ausspruch zugeschrieben: „Wenn ich wüsste, dass morgen die Welt zugrunde ginge, so würde ich heute noch einen Apfelbaum pflanzen“. Diese Reihe lässt sich beliebig fortsetzen. Dem Apfel werden seit jeher neben mystischen und wohlschmeckenden auch gesundheitsfördernde Eigenschaften zugeschrieben. Weltweit bekannt ist die Redewendung „An apple a day, keeps the doctor away“, auf Deutsch in etwa „Ein Apfel am Tag, und man braucht keinen Arzt“. Doch womit lässt sich begründen, dass der Genuss von Äpfeln der menschlichen Gesundheit so förderlich ist?
Fat Cell α2-Adrenoceptors: The Regulation of Fat CellFunction and Lipolysis*

I. Introduction THE fat cell is the functional entity of white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue. Briefly, white adipose tissue is the main long-term energy store, whereas brown adipose tissue is the major site of compensatory thermogenesis for maintaining body temperature while also contributing to energy dissipation. The fat cell is of key significance to the physiologist investigating the mechanisms controlling lipid storage, lipid mobilization, and utilization as well as other specific functions of the adipose tissue. It also enables the pharmacologist to study the cellular signaling of the autonomic nervous system and to understand the impact of the physiological amines on cell function. Over the 10 last years, there has been a rapid accumulation of experimental data demonstrating the existence of multiple adrenoceptor subtypes (e.g. nine different subtypes) (1, 2). The control of fat cell function by the catecholamines involves at least five different adrenoceptor subtypes; three β- (e.g. β1-,.
Using shared mental models to conceptualize patients as professionals, decision-makers, collaborators, and members of interprofessional healthcare teams

Patient engagement has become the buzz-phrase of 21 st Century health care. Around the world, healthcare systems involve patients in a wide range of activities including drug development, research, and policy design. There are strong institutional pressures for patient engagement in healthcare activities that have been bolstered by ethical imperatives and social and organizational benefits from patient engagement. There is a trend to center efforts to cultivate engagement initiatives that are meaningful to patients and family. However, these efforts are characterized by multiple challenges, for example, tokenism and the lack of organizational support. These barriers may persist in healthcare professionals ’ conceptualizations of patients as independent from the health system; healthcare professionals are active shapers of health services and patients are passive recipients. There is a growing need to address the scholarly confusion with the roles and expectations of patients in healthcare activities, and what strategies can support more meaningful and collaborative relationships between different groups. This paper uses the literature on shared mental models - knowledge structures that define the boundaries of collaboration between groups with distinct values and beliefs - to describe how the roles of patients in healthcare activities may be expanded. This paper deconstructs how technical and informal knowledge serves as a focal point for healthcare professional identity, and how this relationship between knowledge and professionalism creates an anchor for conceptualizing patients as professionals, collaborators, and decision-makers.
The chemopreventive agent α‐difluoromethylornithine blocks Ki‐ras–dependent tumor formation and specific gene expression in Caco‐2 cells

Mutation of the Kirsten‐ras (Ki‐ras) proto‐oncogene occurs frequently in colorectal cancers. α‐Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an irreversible inhibitor of the polyamine biosynthetic enzyme, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), inhibits Ki‐ras transformation and colon tumorigenesis in carcinogen‐treated animal models by mechanisms yet to be elucidated. Caco‐2 cells transfected with an activated Ki‐ras, but not parental cells, formed tumors in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. DFMO treatment (2% in drinking water) prevented tumor growth. Gene expression profiling was performed to identify Ki‐ras–and DFMO‐dependent patterns of gene expression. Microarray results were validated with real‐time or semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR and/or Western blot analysis. Genes upregulated in Caco‐2 cells expressing an activated Ki‐ras encoded cytoskeletal‐, transport‐, protease‐, and gap junction–associated proteins. These genes are important for normal development and maintenance of colonic epithelial tissue. Caco‐2 cells transfected with an activated Ki‐ras displayed increased expression of the integrin alpha 1 (INGA1) and enhanced cell migration on laminin. These parameters were unaffected by DFMO, but Ki‐ras–dependent migration was inhibited by INGA1 antibodies. Other Ki‐ras–dependent, but DFMO‐independent, genes included transglutaminase (TGase) and kallikrein 6 (KLK6). Ki‐ras–transfected cells also expressed increased levels of connexin43 (Cx43) (RNA and protein), tight junction protein, and endothelin 1. DFMO reversed these increases. The results indicated that the Ki‐ras oncogene caused changes in experimental cell migration and cell‐cell communication genes and that some of these changes could be reversed by DFMO. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How Body Size and Food Availability Influence First-Winter Growth and Survival of a Stocked Piscivore

AbstractThe first winter of life can play an important role in the success of age-0 fishes. First-winter survival is often size dependent, with larger fish exhibiting higher survival than small fish. Cohorts of age-0 saugeye female Walleye Sander vitreus × male Sauger S. canadensis stocked into Ohio reservoirs exhibit overwinter shifts toward larger body sizes; however, it is unclear whether growth, size-dependent mortality, or size-dependent emigration underlie this phenomenon. Saugeye may experience low prey availability during the overwinter period, making them especially vulnerable to starvation. Furthermore, survivors emerging from winter in poor energetic condition may experience reduced spring foraging success and growth. We used a combination of overwinter PIT tag studies in the field and overwinter outdoor pool experiments to understand these direct and indirect effects of winter on survival and size distributions of cohorts of saugeye. Using PIT tags to allow us to track growth of individuals in.
Active trail pheromone compounds and trail following in the ant Atta sexdens sexdens (Hymenoptera Formicidae)

When medium workers of the leaf-cutting ant Atta sexdens sexdens are presented with the compounds 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethylpyrazine and methyl 4-methylpyrrole-2-carboxylate in various proportions in a trail-following bioassay, they show the highest performance for the 14:1 mixture over other mixtures or the pure compounds. This preferential mixture corresponds with the proportion of both compounds described for the venom gland, which is the source of the natural trail pheromone in these leafcutting ants.