Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Renal denervation prevents sodium retention and hypertension in salt-sensitive rabbits with genetic baroreflex impairment.

1. Rabbits with a genetic impairment in baroreflex control of heart rate become hypertensive on a high salt diet. The present study determined the effect of bilateral renal denervation on blood pressure and sodium balance after salt loading (four times normal intake; 28-36 mEq NaCl/day) in normotensive rabbits with high (Group I) and low (Group II) baroreflex sensitivity, respectively. 2. Eight rabbits in each group were denervated or sham-denervated 1 week before commencement of the high salt diet. Before operation, the two groups differed only in the gain of their cardiac baroreflex (Group I, -6.4 +/- 0.4 beats min-1 mmHg-1; Group II, -3.2 +/- 0.15 beats min-1 mmHg-1). 3. In Group I sham-denervated rabbits, mean arterial pressure remained unchanged, and plasma renin activity and heart rate fell significantly in response to the high salt. In Group II sham-denervated rabbits, mean arterial pressure increased by 10.6 +/- 1.2 mmHg, and heart rate and plasma renin activity remained unchanged. Their cumulative Na+ retention and weight gain was more than twice that of Group I sham-denervated rabbits. 4. Renal denervation decreased plasma renin activity in both groups to < 1 pmol Ang I h-1 ml-1, lowered cumulative Na+ retention from 102 +/- 4 to 35 +/- 5 mEq (P < 0.01) and completely prevented the increase in mean arterial pressure in response to high salt in Group II. 5. The results suggest that Group II rabbits retain salt and fluid in response to their diet because of an abnormality in their control of renal nerve activity, possibly via vagal afferents. This results in blood pressure elevation because of an inability to lower peripheral resistance and heart rate in response to the increase in cardiac output. 6. Since they display several of the characteristics of salt-sensitive hypertensive humans, i.e. salt retention, normal plasma renin activity, but abnormal regulation of plasma renin activity and blood flow in response to salt loading, Group II are an appropriate model of human salt-induced hypertension.
A three-dimensional biomechanical analysis of sumo and conventional style deadlifts.

PURPOSE Strength athletes often employ the deadlift in their training or rehabilitation regimens. The purpose of this study was to quantify kinematic and kinetic parameters by employing a three-dimensional analysis during sumo and conventional style deadlifts. METHODS Two 60-Hz video cameras recorded 12 sumo and 12 conventional style lifters during a national powerlifting championship. Parameters were quantified at barbell liftoff (LO), at the instant the barbell passed the knees (KP), and at lift completion. Unpaired t-tests (P < 0.05) were used to compare all parameters. RESULTS At LO and KP, thigh position was 11-16 degrees more horizontal for the sumo group, whereas the knees and hips extended approximately 12 degrees more for the conventional group. The sumo group had 5-10 degrees greater vertical trunk and thigh positions, employed a wider stance (70 +/- 11 cm vs 32 +/- 8 cm), turned their feet out more (42 +/- 8 vs 14 +/- 6 degrees). and gripped the bar with their hands closer together (47 +/- 4 cm vs 55 +/- 10 cm). Vertical bar distance, mechanical work, and predicted energy expenditure were approximately 25-40% greater in the conventional group. Hip extensor, knee extensor, and ankle dorsiflexor moments were generated for the sumo group, whereas hip extensor, knee extensor, knee flexor, and ankle plantar flexor moments were generated for the conventional group. Ankle and knee moments and moment arms were significantly different between the sumo and conventional groups, whereas hip moments and moments arms did not show any significantly differences. Three-dimensional calculations were more accurate and significantly different than two-dimensional calculations, especially for the sumo deadlift. CONCLUSIONS Biomechanical differences between sumo and conventional deadlifts result from technique variations between these exercises. Understanding these differences will aid the strength coach or rehabilitation specialist in determining which deadlift style an athlete or patient should employ.
An analysis of the candidates remarks on Twitter in 2014 presidency election in terms of values

Political communication process has taken a different position with the aid of technology. Political actors, besides revealing daily feelings, emotions, and activities in their campaigns, have updated their content and the size of their election campaigns according to the new conditions. Political actors especially leaders have received support from professionals in the field and image designers to present themselves as “brand personality” thereby making use of social media communication methods as well as traditional methods. The main reason for this is their being the most primary figure in Turkish politics. In Turkish political environment, besides deputy elections, candidates have used socia media heavily in August 14,2014 presidency elections which is done initially by plebiscite. Presidency candidates Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu, and Selahattin Demirtaş in twitter have tried to design a personal image in the election messages through making use of certain values. They have delivered such messages that they will be a trustworthy, honest, democrat, peacemaker president.
Comparison of Chlamydial Culture with Chlamydiazyme Assay During Erythromycin PCE Treatment of Chlamydia Genital Infections

&NA; We compared chlamydial culture with the chlamydial antigen detection enzyme immunoassay system (Chlamydiazyme®, Abbott Diagnostic Products; Abbott Park, IL) during treatment of Chlamydia genital infections. Participants received 333 mg of erythromycin PCE® (Abbott Laboratories; Abbott Park, IL) 3 times per day for 7 days. On days 0, 3, 7, and 14, chlamydial cultures were positive in 30/30 (100%), 5/29 (17.2%), 0/27, and 0/25 participants, respectively. Concurrent Chlamydiazyme® assays were positive in 30/30 (100%), 11/30 (37%), 1/28 (4%), and 0/25 participants. Twenty‐eight of 28 persons who received erythromycin PCE® for at least 3 days had negative test results for both chlamydial culture and Chlamydiazyme® at their last clinic visit. Chlamydiazyme® assay tended to remain positive longer than chlamydial culture during treatment, but 7 days after therapy was completed, no Chlamydia trachomatis antigens were detectable by this assay. Erythromycin PCE® was well tolerated and rapidly eliminated Chlamydia genital infections in 83% of persons showing negative cultures by the third day of therapy.
The effect of feeding various species of mulberry (Morus spp.) on the growth of silkworm and quality of cocoon hybrid BS 09

Hybrid silkworm varieties, mulberry species, environmental factors, and rearing factors are essential for the cocoons’ quality. The species of silkworm feeding is a key factor in the sericulture industry, so the suitability of mulberry species for each silkworm hybrid species needs to be known. This study aimed to determine the effect of mulberry species on silkworm growth and quality of cocoons BS 09. The research method used was a randomized block design with four species of mulberry: Morus bombycis var Lembang, M. cathayana, M. multicaulis, and M. alba var Kanva 2 and one control species (mixed mulberry species). The research was carried out at Dramaga Research Forest, Bogor Regency. The determined parameters were the percentage of rearing, larva weight, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, and percentage of cocoon shell. The experiment results showed that the percentage of rearing was 97.5%-100% for all species of mulberry. The best result of the cocoon weight was feed treatment of M. multicaulis (1.89 g), but it was not significant with feed treatment of M. bombycis var Lembang or M. cathayana or M. alba var Kanva 2. M. cathayana feed treatments give the best results for the cocoon shell weight (0.44 gram) and percentage of cocoon shell (22.82%).
GITR Pathway Activation Abrogates Tumor Immune Suppression through Loss of Regulatory T-cell Lineage Stability

Schaer and colleagues show that GITR ligation by agonist antibody DTA-1 inhibits intratumor immune suppression by inducing tumor-dependent loss of Foxp3 and altered expression of transcription factors and cytokines important for Treg function, resulting in impaired Treg lineage stability and enhanced killing of tumor cells by T effectors. These results will inform the effective use of GITR therapy in humans. Ligation of GITR (glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor-related gene, or TNFRSF18) by agonist antibody has recently entered into early-phase clinical trials for the treatment of advanced malignancies. Although the ability of GITR modulation to induce tumor regression is well documented in preclinical studies, the underlying mechanisms of action, particularly its effects on CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg), have not been fully elucidated. We have previously shown that GITR ligation in vivo by agonist antibody DTA-1 causes more than 50% reduction of intratumor Tregs with down modulation of Foxp3 expression. Here, we show that the loss of Foxp3 is tumor dependent. Adoptively transferred Foxp3+ Tregs from tumor-bearing animals lose Foxp3 expression in the host when treated with DTA-1, whereas Tregs from naïve mice maintain Foxp3 expression. GITR ligation also alters the expression of various transcription factors and cytokines important for Treg function. Complete Foxp3 loss in intratumor Tregs correlates with a dramatic decrease in Helios expression and is associated with the upregulation of transcription factors, T-Bet and Eomes. Changes in Helios correspond with a reduction in interleukin (IL)-10 and an increase in IFN-γ expression in DTA-1–treated Tregs. Together, these data show that GITR agonist antibody alters Treg lineage stability inducing an inflammatory effector T-cell phenotype. The resultant loss of lineage stability causes Tregs to lose their intratumor immune-suppressive function, making the tumor susceptible to killing by tumor-specific effector CD8+ T cells. Cancer Immunol Res; 1(5); 320–31. ©2013 AACR.
Lack of prognostic significance of ploidy and S-phase measurements in advanced ovarian cancer.

DNA ploidy and S-phase measurements were made in fresh tumour samples obtained from 27 patients with either untreated or previously treated ovarian cancer. In addition, an assessment of in vitro chemosensitivity to post-operative chemotherapy was carried out. Whilst we found that patients with aneuploid tumours tended to survive longer (median survival 441 days versus 268 days for diploid tumours; p = 0.308) and this was associated with clinical response (p = 0.137) this was not statistically significant. Tumours with a high S-phase fraction (i.e. > 9% median) showed a median survival of 362 days compared with 484 days for those with a low S-phase fraction (< 9%; p = 0.79). Whilst a high level of predictability for chemosensitive patients (81%) was achieved, chemosensitivity per se was not related to the respective tumour DNA ploidy or S-phase fraction. In addition, when considering disease stage i.e. FIGO stage III or IV, or extent of residual disease between diploid and aneuploid groups, there were no statistically significant differences. However, there was a tendency for stage III tumours to be aneuploid (p = 0.189). Aneuploid tumours also showed the highest S-phase fractions (p = 0.03), indicative of a high proliferation rate. In conclusion, we have shown that DNA content and ploidy status do not appear to be major prognostic indicators for the management of ovarian cancer.
A 1∶8 cascaded Wilkinson power divider

A high ratio Wilkinson power divider is produced by cascading low ratio dividers. Combining two 1:2 and one 1:3 divider results in a 1:8 ratio. Theoretically the 1:8 divider has an S21 of -0.51dB and an S31 of -9.54dB. Under simulation the average S21 over a 1.7-2.7GHz band was -0.7dB and the S31 -10.3dB. A prototype was built on standard 1.6mm FR4 substrate. The 1:3 divider uses stacked substrates. Doubling substrate thickness allows a high impedance line to be realized at a sensible width. The measured average S21 was -1.6dB and the S31 -11.2dB. The FR4 substrate has an estimated loss of 1.4dB. Allowing for this loss, the power divider is operating close to the theory.
Expression of α5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit mRNA during hippocampal and cortical development

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are ligand‐gated pentameric cation channels of α and β subunits. The α5 subunit, when added to heteromeric complexes, alters pharmacological and physiological properties of nAChRs, which may be important during development. Here we have evaluated the pre‐ and postnatal expression of α5 subunit mRNA in rat cortex and hippocampus using highly sensitive in situ hybridization. In the cortex, α5 mRNA was detected in the subplate, claustrum, and endopiriform nucleus at embryonic day 18 (E18), areas with sustained expression into adulthood. Transient cortical expression was detected in numerous cells, scattered mainly in layers V and II/III, during the first 2 postnatal weeks. In the hippocampus, α5 transcripts first appeared in the CA1 region at E18. During postnatal development, increased hybridization signal was detected in CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons and granule cells of the dentate gyrus, which strongly contrasted with the low levels in the adult. Interneurons in CA1/CA3 stratum radiatum and moleculare, and in the hilus region of the dentate gyrus, strongly expressed α5 mRNA in postnatal and adult animals. With double in situ hybridization, co‐expression of α5 and α7 mRNAs was detected in a subpopulation of hippocampal interneurons. In contrast, in the subiculum, numerous cells exhibited strong hybridization signal for α5 and α7 mRNAs, but co‐expression was rarely detected. In conclusion, similar to other nAChR subunits, there is transient expression of α5 mRNA during cortical and hippocampal development. This expression pattern places nicotinic receptors containing the α5 subunit in a position to regulate glutamatergic and GABAergic transmission during the postnatal period. J. Comp. Neurol. 481:19–30, 2005. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Markov Decision Processes with Multiple Long-Run AverageObjectives

We study Markov decision processes (MDPs) with multiple limit-average (or mean-payoff) functions. We consider two different objectives, namely, expectation and satisfaction objectives. Given an MDP with k limit-average functions, in the expectation objective the goal is to maximize the expected limit-average value, and in the satisfaction objective the goal is to maximize the probability of runs such that the limit-average value stays above a given vector. We show that under the expectation objective, in contrast to the case of one limit-average function, both randomization and memory are necessary for strategies even for epsilon-approximation, and that finite-memory randomized strategies are sufficient for achieving Pareto optimal values. Under the satisfaction objective, in contrast to the case of one limit-average function, infinite memory is necessary for strategies achieving a specific value (i.e. randomized finite-memory strategies are not sufficient), whereas memoryless randomized strategies are sufficient for epsilon-approximation, for all epsilon>0. We further prove that the decision problems for both expectation and satisfaction objectives can be solved in polynomial time and the trade-off curve (Pareto curve) can be epsilon-approximated in time polynomial in the size of the MDP and 1/epsilon, and exponential in the number of limit-average functions, for all epsilon>0. Our analysis also reveals flaws in previous work for MDPs with multiple mean-payoff functions under the expectation objective, corrects the flaws, and allows us to obtain improved results.
An Overlap-Time Compensation Method for Current-Source Space-Vector PWM Inverters

In voltage-source inverters, it is necessary to add the dead time between gating signals of the upper and lower switches to prevent short circuit in a phase leg. But in current-source inverters (CSI), due to the large series inductor in dc link, it is necessary to add the overlap time in gating signals of switches during the commutation process for avoiding voltage spikes generated by the intermittent dc current. However, the overlap time will cause negative influence in the output current waveform. In this paper, the current commutation process of CSI within a carrier period is investigated, which shows that the overlap time can cause output-current-vector errors. The output-current-vector errors are then analyzed, which are equivalent to a superposition and introducing additional low-order harmonics in the output current waveform. The relationship between harmonic distortion and the overlap time is derived. An overlap-time compensation method is then proposed, which compensates the dwell time of vectors according to the relations of voltages at the ac side of the inverter. The proposed overlap-time compensation method can effectively decrease the current harmonics introduced by the overlap time and improve the output current of the inverter. Simulation and experimental results are finally provided to verify the feasibility and validity of the proposed method.
Cardiovascular stress during a contemporary stroke rehabilitation program: is the intensity adequate to induce a training effect?

OBJECTIVES To investigate the level of cardiovascular stress of physical therapy (PT) and occupational therapy (OT) sessions of a contemporary stroke rehabilitation program and to identify therapeutic activities that elicit heart rate responses adequate to induce a training effect. DESIGN A descriptive, longitudinal study with heart rate and activity monitoring of PT and OT sessions at biweekly intervals, 2 to 14 weeks poststroke. SETTING An acute inpatient stroke unit and inpatient and outpatient stroke rehabilitation units. PARTICIPANTS A consecutive sample of 20 patients with ischemic stroke who participated in inpatient and outpatient stroke rehabilitation. INTERVENTION Observation of routine PT and OT sessions for patients poststroke without influencing the extent and content of the sessions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Time per session in which heart rate was within the calculated target heart rate zone. RESULTS Time per PT session spent in target heart rate zone was low (2.8+/-0.9 min), and per OT session was negligible (0.7+/-0.2 min) over the course of rehabilitation. CONCLUSIONS The PT and OT sessions between 2 and 14 weeks poststroke did not elicit adequate cardiovascular stress to induce a training effect.
The Caenorhabditis elegans EGL-15 Signaling Pathway Implicates a DOS-Like Multisubstrate Adaptor Protein in Fibroblast Growth Factor Signal Transduction

ABSTRACT EGL-15 is a fibroblast growth factor receptor in the nematodeCaenorhabditis elegans. Components that mediate EGL-15 signaling have been identified via mutations that confer a Clear (Clr) phenotype, indicative of hyperactivity of this pathway, or a suppressor-of-Clr (Soc) phenotype, indicative of reduced pathway activity. We have isolated a gain-of-function allele of let-60 ras that confers a Clr phenotype and implicated bothlet-60 ras and components of a mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade in EGL-15 signaling by their Soc phenotype. Epistasis analysis indicates that the gene soc-1 functions in EGL-15 signaling by acting either upstream of or independently of LET-60 RAS. soc-1 encodes a multisubstrate adaptor protein with an amino-terminal pleckstrin homology domain that is structurally similar to the DOS protein in Drosophilaand mammalian GAB1. DOS is known to act with the cytoplasmic tyrosine phosphatase Corkscrew (CSW) in signaling pathways inDrosophila. Similarly, the C. elegans CSW ortholog PTP-2 was found to be involved in EGL-15 signaling. Structure-function analysis of SOC-1 and phenotypic analysis of single and double mutants are consistent with a model in which SOC-1 and PTP-2 act together in a pathway downstream of EGL-15 and the Src homology domain 2 (SH2)/SH3-adaptor protein SEM-5/GRB2 contributes to SOC-1-independent activities of EGL-15.
An improved distributed key revocation scheme in wireless sensor networks

A distributed reliable key revocation scheme is proposed in this paper according to randomness of the deployment of sensor nodes. This scheme derives the concept of appealing members who are responsible for userspsila revocation operations as the topology varies by using secret sharing techniques and modified Blompsilas symmetric key establishment mechanism. Besides, a novel seed member alternation mechanism is also proposed in this paper, which can efficiently resist of node capture attacks. It also leaves the resources much more balanced among the sensor nodes and helps to prolong the lifetime of WSNs. By comparison, the performance of this scheme is considerably refined in terms of network security, key connectivity, complexity of storage as well as communication.
Under the radar: balamuthia amebic encephalitis.

BACKGROUND We present data from 9 years (1999-2008) of tests for Balamuthia mandrillaris, an agent of amebic encephalitis that were conducted as part of the California Encephalitis Project. METHODS Specimens obtained from patients with encephalitis were sent to the California Encephalitis Project for diagnostic testing; a subset of these specimens were tested for Balamuthia species. Tests included indirect immunofluorescent staining of sections for amebae, fluorescent antibody staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serum titers, and polymerase chain reaction for Balamuthia 16S mitochondrial DNA. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples obtained from patients with diverse types of encephalitis were also tested for a broad range of cytokines. RESULTS Of >3500 cases referred to the California Encephalitis Project, 10 were found to be amebic encephalitis on the basis of serologic and CSF tests and examination of stained tissue sections. Most of these cases would have been described as "encephalitis of unknown origin" if it were not for the California Encephalitis Project. Nine of the 10 patients were male; ages ranged from 1.5 to 72 years. All patients had abnormal neuroimaging findings and abnormal CSF composition. The more common symptoms at presentation included headache, seizures, cranial nerve palsies, and lethargy. CSF specimens from patients with Balamuthia infection had significant elevations in the levels of cytokines IL-6 and IL-8, compared with specimens obtained from persons with viral or noninfectious encephalitides. CONCLUSIONS Balamuthiasis is difficult to diagnose, and it is likely that cases go unrecognized because clinicians and laboratorians are unfamiliar with the disease. Alerting the medical community to this disease may lead to earlier diagnosis and improve the chances of survival.