Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Design of High-Speed Permanent Magnet Motor Considering Rotor Radial Force and Motor Losses

Different from the design of conventional permanent magnet (PM) motors, high-speed motors are primarily limited by rotor unbalanced radial forces, rotor power losses, and rotor mechanical strength. This paper aimed to propose a suitable PM motor with consideration of these design issues. First, the rotor radial force is minimized based on the selection of stator tooth numbers and windings. By designing a stator with even slots, the rotor radial force can be canceled, leading to better rotor strength at high speed. Second, rotor power losses proportional to rotor frequency are increased as motor speed increases. A two-dimensional sensitivity analysis is used to improve these losses. In addition, the rotor sleeve loss can be minimized to less than 8.3% of the total losses using slotless windings. Third, the trapezoidal drive can cause more than a 33% magnet loss due to additional armature flux harmonics. This drive reflected loss is also mitigated with slotless windings. In this paper, six PM motors with different tooth numbers, stator cores, and winding layouts are compared. All the design methods are verified based on nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA).
Epitaxially grown semiconducting hexagonal boron nitride as a deep ultraviolet photonic material

Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has emerged as an important material for various device applications and as a template for graphene electronics. Low-dimensional hBN is expected to possess rich physical properties, similar to graphene. The synthesis of wafer-scale semiconducting hBN epitaxial layers with high crystalline quality and electrical conductivity control has not been achieved but is highly desirable. Large area hBN epitaxial layers (up to 2 in. in diameter) were synthesized by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. P-type conductivity control was attained by in situ Mg doping. Compared to Mg-doped wurtzite AlN, which possesses a comparable energy band gap (∼6 eV), dramatic reductions in Mg acceptor energy level and P-type resistivity (by about six to seven orders of magnitude) have been realized in hBN epilayers. The ability of conductivity control and wafer-scale production of hBN opens up tremendous opportunities for emerging applications, ranging from revolutionizing p-layer approach in III-ni.
Influence of mechanical surface preparation methods on the bonding of southern pine and spotted gum: Tensile shear strength of lap joints

Southern pine and spotted gum are two of Australia’s most important locally produced commercial timbers. However, internationally, they are amongst the most problematic species to glue cost-effectively, especially for sawn-laminate-based structural engineered wood products, such as glulam and cross-laminated timber. This study investigated the efficacy of different pre-gluing wood surface machining preparations on the tensile shear strength of lap shear samples prepared from both species. Surface machining methods tested included planing, face milling, and sanding post-planing with 40 and 80 grit sandpaper. Wood face milling is not currently used commercially in Australia and has not previously been adequately tested on Australian commercial timbers to improve wood adhesion. Planing is currently the most common method used internationally for preparing wood surfaces for gluing. For both species, face milling with fast feed speed (45 m/min), slow cutter speed (57 m/s), and sanding treatments post-planing resulted in significantly higher tensile shear strength compared to planing for lap shear samples that had been subjected to an accelerated weathering process. Performance differences in tensile shear strength between surface machining methods are likely to be related to the effects of these machining methods on surface roughness, fibrillation, and sub-surface cell damage.
Embeddings in Natural Language Processing. Theory and Advances in Vector Representations of Meaning

Word vector representations have a long tradition in several research fields, such as cognitive science or computational linguistics. They have been used to represent the meaning of various units of natural languages, including, among others, words, phrases, and sentences. Before the deep learning tsunami, count-based vector space models had been successfully used in computational linguistics to represent the semantics of natural languages. However, the rise of neural networks in NLP popularized the use of word embeddings, which are now applied as pre-trained vectors in most machine learning architectures. This book, written by Mohammad Taher Pilehvar and Jose Camacho-Collados, provides a comprehensive and easy-to-read review of the theory and advances in vector models for NLP, focusing specially on semantic representations and their applications. It is a great introduction to different types of embeddings and the background and motivations behind them. In this sense, the authors adequately present the most relevant concepts and approaches that have been used to build vector representations. They also keep track of the most recent advances of this vibrant and fast-evolving area of research, discussing cross-lingual representations and current language models based on the Transformer. Therefore, this is a useful book for researchers interested in computational methods for semantic representations and artificial intelligence. Although some basic knowledge of machine learning may be necessary to follow a few topics, the book includes clear illustrations and explanations which make it accessible to a wide range of readers. Apart from the preface and the conclusions, the book is organized into eight chapters. In the first two, the authors introduce some of the core ideas of NLP and artificial neural networks, respectively, discussing several concepts which will be useful throughout the book. Then, chapters 3 to 6 present different types of vector representations at the lexical level (word embeddings, graph embeddings, sense embeddings, and contextualized embeddings), followed by a brief chapter (7) about sentence and document embeddings. For each specific topic, the book includes methods and datasets to assess the quality of the embeddings. Finally, Chapter 8 raises ethical issues involved in data-driven models for artificial intelligence. Each chapter can be summarized as follows: Chapter 1 makes a brief introduction to some challenges of NLP, both from understanding and from generation perspectives, including different types of linguistic
Solitary fibrous tumor of the orbital region: report of a case with emphasis on the diagnostic utility of STAT-6

Summary Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a relatively rare soft tissue neoplasm originally described in the pleura. Since its first description, several cases arising in extra-pleural superficial and deep soft tissues have been reported in the literature. SFT arising in the head and neck region is quite rare, representing about the 6% of all SFTs, and the sinonasal tract is the most common involved region, followed by the orbit, the oral cavity and the salivary glands. Herein, we report the clinico-pathologic features of a rare case of SFT of the orbital region, emphasizing the diagnostic role of the immunomarker STAT-6. A 52-year-old female presented to our hospital with a nodular mass in the left orbital region. Histological examination revealed a uniformly hypercellular tumor composed of pale to slightly eosinophilic bland-looking spindle cells arranged in intersecting short fascicles with interspersed stellate-shaped, keloid-type collagen fibers. Notable hypocellular areas, perivascular hyalinization and hemangiopericytoma-like branching vascular pattern were absent. Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells were diffusely positive for vimentin, CD34 and STAT-6. The introduction of STAT-6 in daily diagnostic practice is helpful to confidentially render a diagnosis of SFT even in the presence of unusual morphology and site.
The prediction of floods in Venice: methods, models and uncertainty

Abstract. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art in storm surge forecasting and its particular application in the northern Adriatic Sea. The city of Venice relies crucially on a good flood forecasting system in order to protect the extensive cultural heritage, their population, and their economic activities. Storm surge forecasting systems are in place to warn the population of imminent flood threats. In the future, it will be of paramount importance to increase the reliability of these forecasting systems, especially with the new MOSE mobile barriers that will be completed by 2021, and will depend on accurate storm surge forecasting to control their operation. In this paper, the physics behind the flooding of Venice is discussed, and the state of the art of European storm surge forecasting is reviewed. The challenges that lie ahead for Venice and its forecasting systems are analyzed, especially in view of uncertainty. Some extreme events that happened in the past and were particularly difficult to forecast are also described.
Evaluation of US EPA Method 3052 Microwave Acid Digestion for Quantification of Majority Metals in Waste Printed Circuit Boards

Metal content determination is one of the critical aspects of preparing electronic waste for metal recycling. In spite of the fact that end-of-life printed circuit boards are considered to be a secondary resource reservoir, no standard procedure exists for determining the total metal content in this heterogeneous multicomponent material containing plastics, metals, alloys and ceramics. We investigated the utilization of United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) microwave acid digestion (Method 3052) and various modifications of this procedure for effective releasing of Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) from mobile phones. The maximum contents of Cu (22.6 wt.%), Fe (5.0 wt.%), Ni (2.0 wt.%) and Zn (2.6 wt.%) were obtained using the standard (unmodified) US EPA 3052 digestion procedure, but the total digestion of PCB material was not achieved. The solid residue material after digestion by means of the US EPA 3052 method consisted predominantly of oxides (Ca, Mg and Al) and fluorides (Ca and Mg), and some particles contained minor amounts of Fe and Cu.
Recent Progress of Protein‐Based Data Storage and Neuromorphic Devices

By virtue of energy efficiency, high speed, and parallelism, brain‐inspired neuromorphic computing is a promising technology to overcome the von Neumann bottleneck and capable of processing massive sophisticated tasks in the background of big data. The abilities of perceiving and reacting to events in artificial neuromorphic systems allow us to build the communicative electronic–biological interfaces to get closer to electronic life. Protein materials offer great application potentials in such a system due to their sustainability, low cost, controllable hierarchical structure, intrinsic biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Herein, a timely review of the development of protein‐based memories for data storage and neuromorphic computing is provided. Proteins’ unique mechanical, electronic, optical properties, and their broad applications are discussed. Then, the progress of protein‐based two‐terminal memristor and three‐terminal transistor‐type memory is reviewed, and their applications for data storage, logic circuit, and neuromorphic computing are introduced. Finally, the major challenges and outlook toward the future developing directions of protein‐based computing systems are pointed out.
Determination of Layer-Charge Characteristics of Smectites

A new method for calculation of layer charge and charge distribution of smectites is proposed. The method is based on comparisons between X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of K-saturated, ethylene glycol-solvated, oriented samples and calculated XRD patterns for three-component, mixed-layer systems. For the calculated patterns it is assumed that the measured patterns can be modeled as random interstratifications of fully expanding 17.1 Å layers, partially expanding 13.5 Å layers and non-expanding 9.98 Å layers. The technique was tested using 29 well characterized smectites. According to their XRD patterns, smectites were classified as group 1 (low-charge smectites) and group 2 (high-charge smectites). The boundary between the two groups is at a layer charge of −0.46 equivalents per half unit-cell. Low-charge smectites are dominated by 17.1 Å layers, whereas high-charge smectites contain only 20% fully expandable layers on average. Smectite properties and industrial applications may be dictated by the proportion of 17.1 Å layers present. Non-expanding layers may control the behavior of smectites during weathering, facilitating the formation of illite layers after subsequent cycles of wetting and drying. The precision of the method is better than 3.5% at a layer charge of −0.50; therefore the method should be useful for basic research and for industrial purposes.
‘A Blank slate body:’ Cis individuals’ descriptions of their androgynous body ideals

ABSTRACT Body image is typically studied through the framework of internalising gender binary standards of attractiveness. However, not all individuals adhere to traditional appearance norms. This study aimed to understand the meaning of cis (non-trans) individuals’ androgynous or non-stereotypical body ideals and the actions they engage in to achieve these ideals. We recruited an online sample of 78 participants (42 cis women and 36 nonbinary individuals who also identified as cis). Participants responded to two open-ended prompts: 1) What does your androgynous or nonstereoypical body mean to you? and 2) What actions have you taken to achieve this ideal? Authors identified three overarching themes of what an androgynous body ideal meant to our participants. An androgynous appearance was central to participants’ beauty standards, authenticity, and gender expression. To achieve or maintain an androgynous body ideal, participants described actions that altered their gender expression, primary and secondary sex characteristics, and body. Our findings underscore the way androgynous appearance ideals function to transgress binary gender in affirming ways to cis individuals. Further, recruiting on the basis of androgyny yielded a wider understanding of cis identity, as our participants were diverse across both sexuality (queer and heterosexual) and gender (women and nonbinary individuals).
Investigating direct and indirect influences of parent personality on child medication adherence

ABSTRACT This study examined whether parent-provider communication or parent involvement in the child’s regimen mediated relationships between select parent personality traits and child medication adherence in a sample of 270 parents of children recently prescribed a medication. Recruitment occurred via MTurk. Parent neuroticism had an indirect effect on child medication adherence to dosing schedule (95% CI [−.030, −.002]) and global adherence (95% CI [−.038, −.003]) via a latent communication variable comprised of medication-specific and general parent-provider communication measures. Parent conscientiousness had an indirect effect on adherence to dosing schedule (95% CI [−.20, −.01]) and global adherence (95% CI [−.29, −.04]) via parent-provider communication. Conscientiousness also had an indirect effect on adherence to dosing schedule (BCa CI [−.106, −.003]) and global adherence (BCa CI [−.27, −.01)] via parent involvement. Findings support parent personality as a risk factor for pediatric nonadherence and suggest modifiable intervention targets.
How to use the Advantages of AR and VR Technique to Integrate Special Visual Training Strategies in Non-Verbal Communication Skills Training for Children with Autism

Social communication is the basis of human interaction, as people transmit messages, their emotions, and some symbolic social content through oral or non-verbal communication. However, it is difficult for most children with autism to master, or understand, these non-verbal social communication skills. In recent years, Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) technology (A/VR technology) have been widely used in the social training of children with autism. This technology creates many learning states that are difficult to achieve in the traditional social training of autism, and they are mainly achieved through the sensory advantages of A/VR technology in the visual presentation and simulation of surreal state situations. This technology can provide more attractive interactive games and play strategies to help autistic children learn social reciprocity skills. Therefore, this paper discusses how A/VR technology can be used to construct a surreal visual training strategy in the non-verbal social training of autistic children and, by using different teaching strategies and visual training applications, to help them to improve their mastery of non-verbal social communication. Based on the findings, future researchers are offered some suggestions and references for the application of A/VR technology in the social training of autism.
An efficient flexible strain sensor based on anhydride-grafted styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer/carbon black: enhanced electrical conductivity, sensitivity and stability through solvent swelling

High-performance flexible strain sensors based on maleic anhydride-grafted styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer/carbon black (SBS-g-MAH/CB) composites were prepared by simple solvent swelling of SBS-g-MAH/CB composites obtained by melt blending. After swelling in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) or xylene, the aggregation of CB in the composites was reduced noticeably. Consequently, the conductivity of the composites improved by a great extent, and the percolation thresholds of the composites decreased. At 12% CB loading, the conductivity increased approximately 400 times or 6000 times upon swelling in DMF or xylene, respectively. DMF swelling did not change the morphology of SBS-g-MAH, and a three-dimensional conductive network was formed in the composites. The SBS-g-MAH morphology changed considerably, and a two-dimensional conductive network was formed after swelling in xylene. DMF swelling enhanced the piezoresistive performance of the composites. The gauge factor increased from 4 to 71. Moreover, the drawbacks of composites prepared by melt blending, including electromechanical inconsistency and poor stability, were overcome. Due to the high conductivity and the change in SBS-g-MAH morphology, an approximately two-fold increase in electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency was observed after swelling the composites in xylene. The mechanism of the strain sensor was discussed. The strain sensing behaviour of SBS-g-MAH/CB composites can be explained by an analytical model based on the tunneling theory.
Simulations of Laser Ablation of Poly(methyl methacrylate): Fluence versus Number of Photons

Using molecular dynamics simulations with an embedded chemical reaction scheme, two pathways of chemical decomposition of poly(methyl methacrylate) leading to ablation are independently investigated using two photon energies. The model employed in this study uses a coarse-grained substrate with predetermined reaction channels and a fixed penetration depth. The simulations allow for single-photon absorption per site with the possibility of photochemical bond cleavage. Within these parameters, the absorption of 7.9 and 5 eV photons (equivalent to 157 and 248 nm radiation, respectively) is simulated over a range of fluences to demonstrate the fundamental photochemical effects of the number of photons versus the total energy absorbed. Above the ablation threshold, similar mechanisms of ejection occur using either photon energy, but, at equal fluences, more material is ejected with a larger number of lower energy photons. When more photons are absorbed cleaving a greater number of bonds, more transformation oc.
Electron Microscopy of Polymers

Electron microscopy (EM) is, of course, only one of the many tools for polymer characterization that are of importance for the elucidation (and, therefore, also control) of microand nanostructures that determine the properties of polymeric materials. Nevertheless, there are some striking advantages that give electron microscopy some special attention. Firstly, the images can be interpreted even by an eye that is not too deep in the theoretical models: EM, in a literal sense, helps to get an image of the situation, lifted from microand nanoworld straight to your desktop. Secondly, EM pictures can precisely reproduce local morphological details, heterogeneities and faults down to the nanometer range, and morphological parameters, as there are lamellar thickness distribution, length, long period, orientation and superstructures can be measured directly and in discrete values (that, in summa, should match with values generated by methods like WAXS etc. that take an average from the volume under investigation). Thirdly, the investigator has the added value of analytical tools that can be applied at the region of interest, as there are EDX (elemental mapping in the nano-range), EELS (chemical analyses with nanospot accuracy), and electron diffraction techniques. The lecture provides an overview over standard EM techniques that are considered to constitute the basic tool-box with respect to the ability to select suitable analytical approaches as well as to the ability to read EM images. Transmission (TEM) and scanning electron beam (SEM) image formation principles are briefly recapitulated. These general considerations are followed by a short round-up of recent developments and their impact on advanced EM-based polymer characterization. The generation of electron beam transparent samples of appropriate thickness (30 . 120 nm for most of the TEM observations on polymers and biological samples) or of suitable surfaces (e.g. block faces for SEM and AFM) from bulk material requires the selection and application of suitable techniques. Since the success of EM and AFM imaging is, to a great extent, depending on proper preparation, the focus is put on the procedures of sample-taking, mechanical preparation, chemical fixation and staining and the use of etching techniques. Sample preparation by means of (cryo-)ultramicrotomy as one of the main procedures for EM preparation of soft matter is discussed in more detail. Finally, recent experiences in the application of ion beam based (FIB) methods and laser-assisted preparation techniques are summarized. The presentation is illustrated by a number of examples originating from recent work on semicrystalline polymers, nanocomposites, block copolymers, and hybrid biological/biomedical materials. References Sawyer, L.C. ; Grubb, D.T. ; Meyers, G.F. Polymer Microscopy, Third ed.; Springer 2008. Michler, G.H. Electron Microscopy of Polymers; Springer 2008.