Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
A 40 kb chromosomal fragment encoding Salmonella typhimurium invasion genes is absent from the corresponding region of the Escherichia coli K‐12 chromosome

Many Salmonella typhimurium genes are required for bacterial entry into host cells. P22 transduction analysis has localized several invasion loci near minute 59 on the S. typhimurium chromosome. To further characterize the 59–60 min chromosomal region, we determined the physical and genetic map of 85 kb of S. typhimurium DNA between srl and cysC. It was previously shown that some of the invasion genes from this region are not present in Escherichia coli K‐12. We examined whether other S. typhimurium genes on the 85 kb of DNA were similarly absent from E. coli We found that a contiguous 40 kb fragment of the S. typhimurium chromosome which encodes invasion genes is absent from the corresponding region of the E. coli K‐12 chromosome and may represent a pathogenicity island. We speculate that acquisition of the 40 kb region must have significantly advanced the evolution of Salmonella as a pathogen.
Characterization of the N+3 Stutter Product in the Trinucleotide Repeat Locus DYS392

ABSTRACT: Stutter products generated during DNA amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) may complicate mixture interpretation. The PCR amplification of the DYS392 locus typically results in three distinct detectable PCR products: the true allele product (N), a stutter product three bases smaller (N−3), and a reproducible low‐level product, three bases larger (N+3). Sequence analysis of the N+3 product demonstrated that its sequence is one TAT repeat longer than the true allele product. Our experiments demonstrated that the quantity of both N−3 and N+3 stutter increased as the allele number increased. The percent stutter also increased as the magnesium concentration was increased in the reaction, as well as when the amount of input DNA was decreased. As both stutter products behave in a similar and reproducible fashion, the same rules that apply to the interpretation of N−3 stutter products in short tandem repeat analysis, can be applied to N+3 stutters. The characterization of the DYS392 N+3 product is the first detailed published study of a stutter product larger than the true allele.
Autoimmune Response to Acetylcholine Receptor

Injection of rabbits with acetylcholine receptor highly purified from the electric organ of Electrophorus electricus emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant resulted in the production of precipitating antibody to acetylcholine receptor. After the second injection of antigen, the animals developed the flaccid paralysis and abnormal electromyographs characteristic of neuromuscular blockade. Treatment with the anticholinesterases edrophonium or neostigmine dramatically alleviated the paralysis and the fatigue seen in electromyography.
Improved successive stream selection with quantized channel in heterogeneous networks

This paper focuses on different distortion metrics in order to analyze the influence of the imperfect channel state information (CSI) on the improved successive stream selection algorithm that manages the interference in a heterogeneous network. The presented approach initially selects the streams from the user of the pico cell, continuing with the strongest streams among the remaining streams that increase the sum rate and satisfy the constraint that at least one stream is selected from each user. In order to reduce the interference, the channel matrices of the remaining streams are projected orthogonally to the virtual transmit and receive channels of the selected stream. The impact of the quantization distortion on the precoding and postcoding design is examined. The performance of two distortion metrics which are the Chordal distance and the Euclidean distance are compared for different number of quantization bits. The performance evaluations are obtained by considering different locations of small cells with respect to the macro cell.
[Study on soluble guanylate cyclase in pulmonary hypertension rat model].

OBJECTIVE To investigate the mRNA and protein expressions of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) and its enzyme activity in pulmonary hypertension rat model which was reproduced by hypoxia and hypercapnia. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into hypoxic and hypercapnic group (HH group) and control group (C group). The protein expressions of sGC alpha(1) and sGC beta(1) subunits in medial and small pulmonary arteries was measured by immunohistochemistry method with a polycolonal antibody. The mRNA expression of sGC alpha(1) subunit of lung tissue was detected by in situ hybridization using sGC oligonuclear probe. Basal sGC enzyme activity and sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-stimulated sGC activity in lung homogenates were assayed with enzyme kinetic analysis. RESULTS The mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), the ratio of right ventricle/left ventricle + septum [RV/(LV + S)] and the ratio of right ventricle/body weight (RV/BW) were significantly higher in HH group than those in C group. The protein expressions of sGC alpha(1) and sGC beta(1) subunits and mRNA expressions of sGC alpha(1) subunit were significantly decreased in the small and medium pulmonary arteries in HH group as compared with those in C group (P < 0.01). Basal sGC enzyme activity in HH group (32.03 +/- 7.17 pmol cGMP synthesized.mg protein(-1). min(-1)) was significantly lower than that in C group (114.76 +/- 18.37 pmol cGMP synthesized.mg protein(-1). min(-1), P < 0.01). The SNP significantly increased the sGC enzyme activity but the SNP-stimulated sGC enzyme activity of lung homogenates in HH group was significantly lower than that in C group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The mRNA and protein expressions of sGC subunits and their enzyme activities in lung tissue of pulmonary hypertension rat model were reduced.
Applying Exergaming Input to Standard Commercial Digital Games

Exergaming has been shown to motivate users to adhere to exercise, encourage greater physical effort during exercise, and improve the cognitive benefits of exercise. However the benefits of exergaming have been shown to reduce as the novelty of the game wears off. Standard commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) digital games present a potential solution to this issue by offering a huge variety games. This paper reviews the current literature on the potential benefits of both standard digital games and exergaming in a fitness and healthcare context. The review also highlights a gap in the current literature, finding little research has explored the potential of combining standard COTS digital games and exergaming to provide a more engaging, motivating and enduring user experience.
Outcome of tuberculosis treatment: a comparison between Alberta and Nicaragua.

OBJECTIVE To measure the outcome of tuberculosis treatment in a low incidence, high income region, Alberta, and compare with an intermediate incidence, low income country with a model national tuberculosis program, Nicaragua. DESIGN All 1992 sputum smear-positive pulmonary cases from both regions were included. Treatment outcome was assigned retrospectively to Alberta cases according to the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases' (IUATLD) criteria of cure, failure, transfer, absconder and death. SETTING Alberta laboratories are required to report all Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultures to Alberta provincial tuberculosis services. Nicaragua cases are reported centrally to the Programa de control de tuberculosis in Managua using the IUATLD criteria. MAIN RESULTS In Alberta, 222 tuberculosis cases were identified, of which 61 were smear positive. Nicaragua had 1552 smear positive cases of 2885 tuberculosis cases. Alberta's outcomes were 82% cured, no failed treatment, 5% absconded, 2% transferred and 11% died; Nicaragua's outcomes were 77% cured, 2% failed, 13% absconded, 5% transferred and 4% died. There was no significant difference in cure rates between Alberta and Nicaragua, P=0.33. CONCLUSIONS Treatment outcomes can be measured effectively and reported in high income, low incidence settings. Alberta is achieving comparable cure rates with the Nicaraguan national tuberculosis program.
A resource scheduling scheme based on utility function in CoMP environment

In the paper, we studied the solution of resource allocation problem with Coordinated Multi-Point(CoMP) in heterogeneous wireless networks. The utilization of CoMP technology enhances channel quality of users at the edge of cells, but it also brings more complexity to resource management of the network. To reduce this pressure, we exploited a feedback-based method to determine the allocation of users in a multi-layer heterogeneous network. Traditional Proportional Fairness(PF) achieves a balance between system throughput and fairness. However, fairness among users should be reconsidered because applications become more diversified and have different requirements for the network. Therefore, we proposed an improved resource allocation scheme through the introduction of utility function, which can allocate resource according to the application type so as to improve fairness. Simulation results indicate that the scheme based on utility function can achieve a better balance between system throughput and fairness among users.
Ineffectiveness of Mass Trapping for Mosquito Control in St. Andrews State Park, Panama City Beach, Florida

Abstract Mass trapping with multiple CO2- and octenol-supplemented Mosquito Magnet® X traps (MM-X), operated 24 h/day, 7 days/wk, from March through November 2008, at St. Andrews State Park on northwest Florida's Gulf Coast, did not significantly reduce mosquito numbers compared to nontreated control sites. Anopheles crucians, Aedes taeniorhynchus, Culex salinarius, and Culex erraticus were the predominant species. Culex coronator was also collected for the first time in the park. Failure to reduce a late season outbreak of Ae. taeniorhynchus within the trapping area required adulticide application to achieve mosquito control.
Multi-Tenant C-RAN With Spectrum Pooling: Downlink Optimization Under Privacy Constraints

Spectrum pooling allows multiple operators, or tenants, to share the same frequency bands. This paper studies the optimization of spectrum pooling for the downlink of a multi-tenant cloud radio access network system in the presence of inter-tenant privacy constraints. The spectrum available for downlink transmission is partitioned into private and shared subbands, and the participating operators cooperate to serve the user equipment (UEs) on the shared subband. The network of each operator consists of a cloud processor (CP) that is connected to proprietary radio units (RUs) by means of finite-capacity fronthaul links. In order to enable inter-operator cooperation, the CPs of the participating operators are also connected by finite-capacity backhaul links. Inter-operator cooperation may, hence, result in loss of privacy. Fronthaul and backhaul links are used to transfer quantized baseband signals. Standard quantization is considered first. Then, a novel approach based on the idea of correlating quantization noise signals across RUs of different operators is proposed to control the trade-off between distortion at UEs and inter-operator privacy. The problem of optimizing the bandwidth allocation, precoding, and fronthaul/backhaul compression strategies is tackled under constraints on backhaul and fronthaul capacity, as well as on per-RU transmit power and inter-operator privacy. For both cases, the optimization problems are tackled using the concave convex procedure, and extensive numerical results are provided.
Neural events underlying learning in insects: changes in pacemaker

Computer-controlled operant-conditioning training procedures were used to raise (up-learning) or lower (down-learning) the mean frequency of discharge of the anterior adductor coxa motoneurone of the locust Schistocerca gregaria. Intracellular recordings were made from the soma of the motoneurone during training. The neurone appeared capable of spontaneous discharge in the absence of synaptic input since its mean pacemaker rate was measured after blocking synaptic inputs by infusing high Mg2+/zero Ca2+ saline into the neuropile associated with the neurone. Rates were determined before and after the training procedure was applied. It was found that a stable increase in the mean frequency of the pacemaker occurred during up-learning and a decrease during down-learning. The pacemaker shift accounted for a little over half the overall learning change. The remainder was attributed to changes in the activities of interneurones that directly, or indirectly, affect the motoneurone pacemaker. Conventional synaptic potentials that could have accounted for the remainder were not conspicuous in the soma recordings.
How the Nintendo generation learns

Recently, I was chatting with my son, Daniel (age 7) about Nintendo. I asked him if he could bring it in to school for show and tell and he was horrified! “No,” he exclaimed, “that's not for learning. ” Well, what do <italic>you,</italic> dear reader, think about that? Is Nintendo for learning? No one is watching/listening … go ahead … admit it … <italic>You don't really like Nintendo</italic>. (Of course, when you play Tetris, that is exercising problem-solving skills. Right.) And, afterall, you didn't use all that technology in school, and you learned just fine. So, why do “kids these days” need all this new multimedia technology, anyhow? That technology just makes it fun and easy to learn—it's just glitz. And as for calculators.
"Our life is the farm and farming is our life": home-work coordination in organic farm families

We present a qualitative study of 13 farm families who intentionally merge their home and work lives. This is in contrast to most families studied in CSCW, who are urban/ suburban, white-collar and often dual-income, where the goal is to balance separate home and work spheres. We analyze the farm families' coordination practices along three dimensions -- space, time, and roles -- and contrast their experiences to what is known in CSCW about family coordination practices. Through this, we reveal blind spots in CSCW's study of and support for family coordination toward building better tools to support such activities. We emphasize considering co-location rather than assuming geographic distribution across life spheres, the value of natural rhythms in understanding and supporting family life, and how taking on simultaneous roles can be viewed as a life goal rather than a source of conflict.
A multicenter case-controlled study of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in HIV-seropositive patients.

OBJECTIVES Malnutrition is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in AIDS patients. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a safe and effective method of providing nutrition in HIV-seronegative patients who are unable to swallow food, but have an otherwise functional alimentary tract. This study analyzes the risks and benefits of PEG in HIV-seropositive patients. METHODS The risks of PEG were analyzed in 14 consecutive HIV-seropositive patients admitted to two university hospitals, and were compared with the risks in a sex- and age-matched control group of 21 patients. Thirteen HIV patients had AIDS. RESULTS PEG indications included mechanical esophageal obstruction in six, wasting in six, and central nervous system disorders in two. The mean weight of the HIV patients increased by 7.4% +/- 3.0% (SE) 3-8 wk after PEG. Despite advanced HIV infection, serum biochemical parameters of nutritional status remained stable at 3-8 wk after PEG. Nine HIV patients suffered 10 complications during a mean follow-up of 111 +/- 147 (SD) days. The HIV patients had six (43%) minor complications, whereas the controls had four (19%) minor complications (not significantly different, Fisher's exact test). Minor complications in the HIV patients included transient tenderness and erythema at the PEG site in four, transient pyrexia without a source in one, and transient ileus in one. The HIV patients had four (29%) significant complications, compared to none in the controls (p < 0.02, Fisher's exact test). Significant complications in the HIV-seropositive patients included stomal cellulitis treated with intravenous antibiotics in three, and gastric bleeding requiring transfusion of one unit of packed erythrocytes in one. None of these complications were severe; all complications rapidly resolved with therapy. The high rate of wound infection following PEG in AIDS patients, like the previously reported high rate of postoperative wound infection in AIDS patients, is attributable to immunosuppression. During the study period, four HIV patients underwent surgical gastrostomy, with one complication of severe gastrointestinal bleeding. CONCLUSIONS This work suggests that PEG is a useful and relatively safe method of providing long-term nutritional support in selected AIDS patients with a functional gastrointestinal tract.
Analysis on the interaction of employment, wages and income gap of urban residents in China

The employment, wages and income gap of urban residents in the eastern, central and western of China, were interacted and influenced mutually, how to promote their coordinated development, which has become the top priority of the current government work, but also the focus of scholars research. The number of employees at the end of the year, the total wages and the Gene coefficient of urban residents in China, were regarded as explanatory variable and explained variable in the paper. The dynamic interaction of employment, wages and income gap were measured by using the software of Eviews6.0 based on the panel data in China Statistical Yearbook from 2002 to 2012. The research results have shown the interaction of employment on improving or worsening the income gap is less than the interaction of the wages, and the interaction of employment on income gap is gradually decreasing, the interaction of wages on income gap is increasing from eastern to western in China.
Treating pregnant women dependent on opioids is not the same as treating pregnancy and opioid dependence: a knowledge synthesis for better treatment for women and neonates.

AIMS Through a novel synthesis of the literature and our own clinical experience, we have derived a set of evidence-based recommendations for consideration as guidance in the management of opioid-dependent pregnant women and infants. METHODS PubMed literature searches were carried out to identify recent key publications in the areas of pregnancy and opioid dependence, neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) prevention and treatment, multiple substance abuse and psychiatric comorbidity. RESULTS Pregnant women dependent on opioids require careful treatment to minimize harm to the fetus and neonate and improve maternal health. Applying multi-disciplinary treatment as early as possible, allowing medication maintenance and regular monitoring, benefits mother and child both in the short and the long term. However, there is a need for randomized clinical trials with sufficient sample sizes. RECOMMENDATIONS Opioid maintenance therapy is the recommended treatment approach during pregnancy. Treatment decisions must encompass the full clinical picture, with respect to frequent complications arising from psychiatric comorbidities and the concomitant consumption of other drugs. In addition to standardized approaches to pregnancy, equivalent attention must be given to the treatment of NAS, which occurs frequently after opioid medication. CONCLUSION Methodological flaws and inconsistencies confound interpretation of today's literature. Based on this synthesis of available evidence and our clinical experience, we propose recommendations for further discussion.
The Spread of Agro-Pastoral Economies across Mediterranean Europe: A View from the Far West

The transition to food production in Portugal begins with the arrival of cardial pottery and domesticates, an event that can be date to the time period between 6800 and 6200 BP. These items are found in sites located in the northern part of Estremadura. Contemporaneous hunter-gatherer adaptions are known to have continued their development up to c. 6000 BP in areas located further south, centered in the inner part of the estuaries of the rivers Tejo, Sado and Mira. This pattern is interpreted as indicating that the onset of agro-pastoral economies is linked to the arrival of small groups of settlers that, through interaction with local hunters, are at the origins of the subsequent expansion (completed about one thousand years later) of these economies to the rest of Portuguese territory. The archaeological evidence from Southern Spain and Southern France commonly invoked by proponents of models of the transition to food production as the result of the domestication of local resources or of the acquisition of novel resources by local hunters through long-distance exchange systems is shown to be flawed. Severe disturbances at the Mesolithic/Neolithic interface at the stratigraphic sequences upon which models are based - sometimes not recognized by the excavators, but documented either by subsequent work or by critical evaluation of the site reports - can be shown to have occurred. Such disturbances would account well for the radiocarbon dates between 8000 and 7000 BP obtained at some of those sites, as well as for the presence of sheep bones in their pre-Neolithic strata.
Abnormalities of Tactile Sensory Function in Children With Dystonic and Diplegic Cerebral Palsy

Recent studies have shown the presence of sensory dysfunction in adults with focal dystonias. The authors hypothesize that children with secondary dystonia due to cerebral palsy may share a similar sensory dysfunction. To test this hypothesis, they evaluated tactile spatial discrimination threshold using Johnson, Van Boven, Phillips domes in 10 children with cerebral palsy and upper extremity dystonia, 8 children with diplegic cerebral palsy without involvement of the arms, and 21 unaffected children. Both patient groups had poor tactile discrimination compared with controls. The authors therefore conclude that children with secondary dystonia and diplegia due to cerebral palsy have deficits of tactile sensation that are similar to deficits seen in adults with focal dystonia. These results are the first to test the spatial discrimination threshold using Johnson, Van Boven, Phillips domes in children with cerebral palsy.
OPEN MARSH WATER MANAGEMENT: A REVIEW OF SYSTEM DESIGNS AND INSTALLATION GUIDELINES FOR MOSQUITO CONTROL AND INTEGRATION IN WETLAND HABITAT MANAGEMENT

Open marsh water management (OMWM) is a method of saltmarsh mosquito control that advocates long-term water management through the use of selective channel and pond creation as opposed to indiscriminate ditching and drainage or temporary chemical insecticide control. This technique has been used for over 40 years in certain areas of the eastern United States and similar techniques have been utilized in other parts of the world. The use of OMWM has been extensively studied for target and non-target impacts and has been shown to provide excellent control of mos- quitoes and to have neutral to beneficial impacts on selected marsh resources with a concomitant reduction or elimination of chemical insecticide use. Guidelines and procedures for several states have been developed and provide a useful template for agencies developing a course of action for mosquito control. This paper is a culmination of previously published guidelines, studies and re- views which can be used by a new generation of mosquito control practitioners, land managers, and regulators to better understand what OMWM is and is not, how it can be utilized, and how it can be integrated into a more holistic integrated marsh management (IMM) program. In addition to this paper, a PowerPoint presentation is available with photos, figures and text.