Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Anticandidal low molecular compounds from higher plants with special reference to compounds from essential oils

The most active low molecular weight compounds from higher plants against Candida species are compiled from a database of antimicrobials (Amicbase) to find out new hints on their mechanism of action. The selected compounds possess strong inhibitory activities in vitro against Candida species either in the agar diffusion test, bioautography, agar dilution test, serial dilution test, or activity in the vapour phase. The test conditions are listed thoroughly and aspects of the different methods and recent developments in the testing of anticandidal drugs are discussed. The anticandidal spectra of drugs, antiseptics, and disinfectants licensed on the major markets are given for comparision of activities with compounds from natural sources. So far known mechanisms of action are described and some new structure–activity relationships are deduced from relationships between biological activities and chemical and physical parameters. Main specific targets of natural anticandidals are the ergosterol pathway, respiratory chain, and chitin biosynthesis. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev
The index of harm: a useful measure for comparing occupational risk across industries.

Abstract This paper presents an index of harm methodology which compares occupational risk among workers exposed to radiological and nonradiological harms. It extends the work of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) by considering American rather than European and Japanese industry groups, by treating the relative importance of various occupational harms as a parameter rather than an arbitrary constant, and by identifying several ways in which both the methodology and the data base could be improved. In the analysis, we examine the risk affects of six occupational harms-three nonradiological (death, accidental injury and disease or illness) and three radiological (somatic effects, genetic effects, and somatic effects to the fetus or embryo of pregnant women). We performed our analysis under five different assumptions about the relative importance of degree of aversion of the six harms in question. The results of this analysis show that radiological workers exposed to the current industry average of 0.35 rem/yr are among the safest of all industry groupings, and the riskiest industries appear to be mining; agriculture, fishing and farming; construction; transportation; and manufacturing, roughly in that order.
Interactions of carbamazepine with benzodiazepine receptors

Little is known of the molecular mechanisms of anticonvulsant action of carbamazepine (CBZ), although its effectiveness in the therapy of partial epilepsies and grand ma1 seizures is widely recognized (Suria & Killam 1980). Recently we have demonstrated that this anticonvulsant, at therapeutic concentrations, may bind to adenosine receptors in the brain, while not directly influencing the binding of radioligands to several neurotransmitter (GABA, glutamate, muscarinic cholinergic or P-adrenergic) receptors (Skerritt et al 1982~). Since many purines have diazepam-like sedative, muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant activity, and are moderately potent inhibitors of benzodiazepine binding to brain membranes (Davies et a1 1980; Skerritt et a1 1982a,b) we examined the effects of CBZ upon benzodiazepine receptors in-vivo and in-vitro. CBZ was found to be a competitive inhibitor of the binding of a variety of benzodiazepine ligands to rat brain membranes and its anticonvulsant action against leptazol (metrazol, pentylenetetrazo1)-induced convulsions in mice could be partially reversed by the benzodiazepine antagonist Ro15-1788 (ethyl-8-fluoro-5,6-dihydro-5methyl-6-oxo-4H-imidazo [ 1,5a],[ 1,4]-benzodiazepine3-carboxylate). Washed synaptosomal membranes from whole rat brain were prepared and benzodiazepine binding assays performed as described by Skerritt et a1 (1982d). In Tris-HCI buffer, pH 7.4 at 2 "C, CBZ inhibited [3H]diazepam binding in a concentration-dependent manner. Half-maximal inhibition of [3H]diazepam binding occurred at 129 f 4 p~ carbazepine (mean f s.e.m. of 3 experiments). Inhibition of [3H]diazepam by CBZ appeared to be competitive, with 100 p~ CBZ decreasing binding affinity without alteration in the maximal binding site density for [3H]diazepam (Control KD = 12.5 f 1.9 nM, B, = 1.23 f 0.07 pmol mg-1; 100
Omnichannel Retail and Inventory Integration with Strategic Consumers

We study the value of channel and inventory integration for a firm selling a seasonal good over two periods: in the first period the firm charges a high price, and in the second period the firm charges a low price to clear remaining inventory. Consumers are strategic in two ways: they decide whether and when to visit the firm based on their cost of visiting the firm, the price of the product, and its anticipated availability. We show that integration — which combines inventory from distinct selling channels, e.g., online and offline, into a single virtual stock from which any consumer demand may be fulfilled — generates value by increasing first period availability and encouraging more consumers to visit the firm, but it may also encourage more consumers to delay a purchase until the second period to obtain a lower price. The latter effect can significantly reduce the value of integration relative to a situation in which consumers are not strategic, and can even make the total value of integration negative. We derive conditions under which this value is largest and smallest, and show that consumer behavior plays a significant role in determining the value of inventory and channel integration.
Evolution of a stratified rotating shear layer with horizontal shear. Part I. Linear stability

Abstract Linear stability analysis is used to investigate instability mechanisms for a horizontally oriented hyperbolic tangent mixing layer with uniform stable stratification and coordinate system rotation about the vertical axis. The important parameters governing inviscid dynamics are maximum shear $S$ , buoyancy frequency $N$ , angular velocity of rotation $\Omega $ and characteristic shear thickness $L$ . Growth rates associated with the most unstable modes are explored as a function of stratification strength $N/ S$ and rotation strength $2\Omega / S$ . In the case of strong stratification, growth rates exhibit self-similarity of the form $\sigma ({k}_{1} L, S{k}_{3} L/ N, 2\Omega / S)$ . In the case of rapid rotation we also observe self-similar scaling of growth rates with respect to the vertical wavenumber and rotation rate. The unstratified cases show $\sigma ({k}_{1} L, 2\vert \tilde {\Omega } \vert {k}_{3} L/ S)$ dependence while the strongly stratified cases show $\sigma ({k}_{1} L, 2\vert \tilde {\Omega } \vert {k}_{3} L/ N)$ dependence where $\tilde {\Omega } $ represents the difference between the angular velocity of rotation and least stable anticyclonic angular velocity, $\Omega = S/ 4$ . Stratification was found to stabilize the inertial instability for weak anticyclonic rotation rates. Near the zero absolute vorticity state, stratification and rotation couple in a destabilizing manner increasing the range of unstable vertical wavenumbers associated with barotropic instability. In the case of rapid rotation, stratification prevents the stabilization of low ${k}_{1} $ , high ${k}_{3} $ modes that occurs in a homogeneous fluid. The structure of certain unstable eigenmodes and the coupling between horizontal vorticity and density fluctuations are explored to explain how buoyancy stabilizes or destabilizes inertial and barotropic modes.
Controlled release of nitric oxide chemotherapy using a nano-sized biodegradable multi-arm polymer

Nitric oxide is a cell signaling molecule that can be a potent inducer of cell death in cancers at elevated concentrations. Nitric oxide molecules are short-lived in vivo; therefore, NO-donating prodrugs have been developed that can deliver NO to tissues at micromolar concentrations. However, NO is also toxic to normal tissues and chronic exposure at low levels can induce tumor growth. We have designed a polymeric carrier system to deliver nitric oxide locoregionally to tumorigenic tissues. A highly water solubility and biodegradable 4-arm polymer nanocarrier, sugar poly-(6-O-methacryloyl-D-galactose), was synthesized using MADIX/RAFT polymerization, and utilized to deliver high concentrations of nitric oxide to xenografts of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The in vitro release of the newly synthesized nitric oxide donor, O2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) 1-[4-(2-hydroxy)ethyl]-3-methylpiperazin-1-yl]diazen-1-ium-1,2diolate and its corresponding multi-arm polymer-based nanoconjugate demonstrated a 1and 2.3fold increase in half-life, respectively, compared to the release half-life of the nitric oxide -donor prodrug JS-K. When administered to tumor-bearing nude mice, the subcutaneously injected multiarm polymer nitric oxide nanoparticles resulted in 50% tumor inhibition and a 7-week extension of the average survival time, compared to intravenous JS-K therapy (nitric oxide nanoparticles: CR=25%, PR=37.5%, PD=37.5%; JS-K: PD=100%). In summary, we have developed an effective nitric oxide anti-cancer chemotherapy that could be administered regionally to provide the local disease control, improving prognosis for head and neck cancers.
Biological Evaluation of Multivalent Lewis X–MGL‐1 Interactions

Myeloid C‐type lectin receptors (CLRs) expressed by antigen‐presenting cells are pattern‐recognition receptors involved in the recognition of pathogens as well as of self‐antigens. The interaction of carbohydrate ligands with a CLR can trigger immune responses. Although several CLR ligands are known, there is limited insight into CLR targeting by carbohydrate ligands. The weak affinity of lectin–carbohydrate interactions often renders multivalent carbohydrate presentation necessary. Here, we have analyzed the impact of multivalent presentation of the trisaccharide Lewis X (LeX) epitope on its interaction with the CLR macrophage galactose‐type lectin‐1 (MGL‐1). Glycan arrays, including N‐glycan structures with terminal LeX, were prepared by enzymatic extension of immobilized synthetic core structures with two recombinant glycosyltransferases. Incubation of arrays with an MGL‐1‐hFc fusion protein showed up to tenfold increased binding to multiantennary N‐glycans displaying LeX structures, compared to monovalent LeX trisaccharide. Multivalent presentation of LeX on the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) led to increased cytokine production in a dendritic cell /T cell coculture system. Furthermore, immunization of mice with LeX‐OVA conjugates modulated cytokine production and the humoral response, compared to OVA alone. This study provides insights into how multivalent carbohydrate–lectin interactions can be exploited to modulate immune responses.
The COBOL Jigsaw Puzzle: Fitting Object-Oriented and Legacy Applications Together

Object wrappers have been presented as a way to allow legacy applications and object-oriented applications to work together. However, object wrappers do not always solve the interoperability problem for COBOL legacy applications. This paper examines the use of object wrappers and introduces two other types of wrappers, the procedural wrapper and the combination wrapper, for practical use with COBOL legacy applications. The main concerns of a developer of an object-oriented application that uses the services of or provides services to a legacy application are addressed. Examples of “real-world” COBOL legacy applications are cited and samples of all three types of wrapper code are provided.
Initial therapy for acute myeloid leukemia in older patients: principles of care

Abstract Older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) frequently have significant comorbidities, geriatric syndromes, and high-risk leukemia that make them susceptible to high early mortality, chemotherapy-related toxicities, and poor long-term survival. The receipt of chemotherapy or hematopoietic cell transplantation is low, and the choices between intensive or low-intensity chemotherapy is often not clear. Geriatric and multidisciplinary interventions targeted to optimize functional status and improve management of comorbidities may enhance chemotherapy tolerance. Comprehensive geriatric assessment, and other integrated risk assessment models have been developed to predict the risk of chemotherapy-related toxicities and survival, and may guide therapy assignment. Development of low intensity but effective therapy is a major need. Deeper understanding of the molecular biology of AML has allowed several novel therapies to enter clinical trials in recent years. Continuation of successful collaboration between several stakeholders will be necessary to build upon the clinical and research improvements made thus far.
Long-term physical and psychological health consequences of induced abortion: review of the evidence.

UNLABELLED Induced abortion is a prevalent response to an unintended pregnancy. The long-term health consequences are poorly investigated and conclusions must be drawn from observational studies. Using strict inclusion criteria (study population >100 subjects, follow up >60 days) we reviewed an array of conditions in women's health. Induced abortion was not associated with changes in the prevalence of subsequent subfertility, spontaneous abortion, or ectopic pregnancy. Previous abortion was a risk factor for placenta previa. Moreover, induced abortion increased the risks for both a subsequent preterm delivery and mood disorders substantial enough to provoke attempts of self-harm. Preterm delivery and depression are important conditions in women's health and avoidance of induced abortion has potential as a strategy to reduce their prevalence. Only review articles including the single published meta-analysis exploring linkages between abortion and breast cancer were relied upon to draw conclusions. Reviewers were mixed on whether subsequent breast neoplasia can be linked to induced abortion, although the sole meta-analysis found a summary odds ratio of 1.2. Whatever the effect of induced abortion on breast cancer risk, a young woman with an unintended pregnancy clearly sacrifices the protective effect of a term delivery should she decide to abort and delay childbearing. That increase in risk can be quantified using the Gail Model. Thus, we conclude that informed consent before induced abortion should include information about the subsequent risk of preterm delivery and depression. Although it remains uncertain whether elective abortion increases subsequent breast cancer, it is clear that a decision to abort and delay pregnancy culminates in a loss of protection with the net effect being an increased risk. TARGET AUDIENCE Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Family Physicians. LEARNING OBJECTIVES After completion of this article, the reader will be able to define the terms and, to outline the epidemiologic problems in studying the long-term consequences of abortion, and to list the associated long-term consequences of abortion.
Identification of the types, causes, and mechanisms of widespread injuries in handball players according to their positions

This research attempts to identify the types, causes, and mechanisms of injuries in semiprofessional handball players 17-20 years old according to their positions. We have had 103 samples of boy and girl players. The personal and reported injuries data have been gathered by questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics by one sample chi square have been applied between the types, causes, and mechanisms of the injuries in different positions. In the different positions, the joint and muscular injuries have been the most frequent. The most frequent causes of the injuries are continuous overpressure, strikes or sudden pressure, wrong performance of tactics, in order of importance. The most frequent mechanisms of injuries in different positions of girls and boys are direct hits, overuse of one organ, body contact with other player, turning motion, throwing motion and falling. The results of this research indicated that the most types of injuries in goalkeeper position is bone injuries and in center, right wing, and left back positions, joint injuries are the most frequent. In line, left wing, and right back positions, the muscular injuries are the most frequent in the players. The causes of the injuries in goalkeeper position is continuous pressure and in other positions strikes, hits or sudden pressure. The mechanism of the injuries in goalkeeper, and right back and wing positions is direct hits as well as in line and center positions, the mechanism is overuse of one organ. The mechanism is also strike in left back and turning and falling in left wing.
Real Options Design for Sustainable Product Quality Management

12.1 Sustainable Production in Flexible Systems . '. 170 12.2 Sustainable Product Quality Management Issues in Design and Manufacturing in the Electronics Industry 171 12.3 Real Options for the Flexible Supply Chain 172 12.4 Formulation of a Model to Evaluate the Value of Flexibility to Produce Ordinary, Green, or Both Product Designs : 173 12.5 Real Options Analysis of Ordinary and Green Desktop Product Designs 177 12.6 Summary 182 Acknowledgments 182 References 182
Perceived Usefulness as Key Stimulus to the Behavioral Intention to Use 3G Technology

A new technology usually faces the challenge to be accepted by consumers. Because of the unique features of new technology, it needs certain approaches to enhance its acceptance. Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is widely used to study the behavior of organizations and consumers in ac-cepting a new technology. A modified TAM model is applied in the current study to test the impact of advertising appeals of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and social factors on behavioral intention to use 3G technology. Experimental method is utilized on four groups (30 people each) of undergraduate students of Atma Jaya Catholic Univesity. The result shows significant impact of the advertising multimedia exposed to the subjects, specifically perceived usefulness. It is concluded that perceived usefulness is the most salient reason among Atma Jaya Catholic University’s students in consuming 3G technology. Keywords: Technology acceptance model, consumer behavior, 3G technology, advertising appeal, intention to use
The structural organization of the human aldehyde reductase gene, AKR1A1, and mapping to chromosome 1p33→p32

Genomic DNA encoding for human aldehyde reductase (AKR1A1), a member of the aldo-keto reductase superfamily, was isolated and characterized. The genomic DNA is approximately 16 kb in length and contains eight exons which encode the entire coding region and the 3′-untranslated sequences. AKR1A1 was localized on chromosome 1p33→p32 by fluorescence in situ hybridization.
The Color of the Surface of Venus

Multispectral images of the basaltic surface of Venus obtained by Venera 13 were processed to remove the effects of orange-colored incident radiation resulting from interactions with the thick Venusian atmosphere. At visible wavelengths the surface of Venus appears dark and without significant color. High-temperature laboratory reflectance spectra of basaltic materials indicate that these results are consistent with mineral assemblages bearing either ferric or ferrous iron. A high reflectance in the near-infrared region observed at neighboring Venera 9 and 10 sites, however, suggests that the basaltic surface material contains ferric minerals and thus may be relatively oxidized.
Unveiling Magnetic Dipole Radiation in Phase-Reversal Leaky-Wave Antennas

The radiation principle of traveling-wave-type phase-reversal antennas is explained in detail, unveiling the presence of magnetic-dipole radiation in addition to well-known electric dipole radiation. It is pointed out that such magnetic-dipole radiation is specific to the case of traveling-wave phase-reversal antennas, whereas only electric-dipole radiation exists in resonant-type phase-reversal antennas. It is shown that a phase-reversal traveling-wave antenna alternately operates as an array of magnetic dipoles and an array of electric dipoles during a time-harmonic period. This radiation mechanism is confirmed through both full-wave and experimental results.
The Role of Social Media in Shaping Marketing Strategies in the Airline Industry

Tourism is one of the leading sectors based on other people’s views and comments found on the Internet. Prior to deciding where they would like to go, individuals obtain information about the travel agencies they will use, the hotels they will stay at and the regions they would like to visit, plus the views and experiences of others in terms of these issues, which are largely shared via social media environments. Accordingly, it has become a necessity for establishments to follow the main social media platforms, such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and so on, and develop their goods and services in line with the comments shared on these platforms. In this study, how national and international airline companies implement the 4Ps of marketing (product, price, place, promotion) in social media environments is investigated through examples and analysed through data obtained via interviews.
Differences between Betaproteobacterial Ammonia-Oxidizing Communities in Marine Sediments and Those in Overlying Water

ABSTRACT To assess links between betaproteobacterial ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in marine sediment and in overlying water, communities in Loch Duich, Scotland, were characterized by analysis of clone libraries and denaturant gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rRNA gene fragments. Nitrosospira cluster 1-like sequences were isolated from both environments, but different sequence types dominated water and sediment samples. Detailed phylogenetic analysis of marine Nitrosospira cluster 1-like sequences in Loch Duich and surrounding regions suggests the existence of at least two different phylogenetic subgroups, potentially indicative of new lineages within the betaproteobacterial AOB, representing different marine ecotypes.
A Plant Vacuolar Protease, VPE, Mediates Virus-Induced Hypersensitive Cell Death

Programmed cell death (PCD) in animals depends on caspase protease activity. Plants also exhibit PCD, for example as a response to pathogens, although a plant caspase remains elusive. Here we show that vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE) is a protease essential for a virus-induced hypersensitive response that involves PCD. VPE deficiency prevented virus-induced hypersensitive cell death in tobacco plants. VPE is structurally unrelated to caspases, although VPE has a caspase-1 activity. Thus, plants have evolved a regulated cellular suicide strategy that, unlike PCD of animals, is mediated by VPE and the cellular vacuole.