Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Triangulated infinite-dimensional manifolds

In this paper we extend almost all the results on infinite-dimensional Fréchet manifolds to apply to manifolds modeled on some 2̂ ( = {#£^1 at most finitely many of the coordinates of x are nonzero } ) and we show (Theorem 14) that each /^-manifold has a unique completion to an /2-manifold. (We use h to stand for the Hubert space of all square-summable sequences of some infinite cardinality 31. When we wish to be more specific, we write h(W),) Examples of ^(^o)-manifolds include the metric S°° (the unit sphere in ^(^o)) and the metric RP°°, which may be regarded as the orbit space of S acted upon by the antipodal map. (The identity map from S°° or RPTM with the weak topology to the metric topology is a homotopy equivalence, (see [2]). ) See also Theorem 16. In fact, we show (Theorems 15 and 17) that each Z^-manifold is a metric (see [2] for definition) simplicial complex and that each /^(^o)-manifold is the 'metric' direct limit of finite-dimensional, closed, orientable manifolds. We conjecture that the metric geometric realization of each connected singular s.s. complex (or Kan s.s. complex) is an l2($L)-manifold,for some cardinal St. Most of the results here have been independently proved for the case of #2(^0) by T. A. Chapman [ l ] who used different methods. All manifolds in this paper are assumed paracompact. DEFINITIONS. (1) If F is a TVS, define F" to be the countably infinite product and FJ — { {x{} £ F W | for at most finitely many i, XiT^O}. (2) Let X and Y be spaces, °U be an open cover of F, and ïï a set of functions from X into Y. Then SF is said to be Ismail if for each x £ Z there is a [/£*! containing {ƒ(#) | / G ^ } • Members of ^ are said to be ^-approximate. A homotopy F:XXI-^Y is said to be Ismail if SF = {F( , t) 11G / } is. A function g : X—» Y is said to be approximated
Clustering Hyperspectral Data

Spectroscopy or hyperspectral imaging consists in the acquisition, analysis, and extraction of the spectral information measured on a specific region or object using an airborne or satellite device. Hyperspectral imaging has become an active field of research recently. One way of analysing such data is through clustering. However, due to the high dimensionality of the data and the small distance between the different material signatures, clustering such a data is a challenging task.In this paper, we empirically compared five clustering techniques in different hyperspectral data sets. The considered clustering techniques are K-means, K-medoids, fuzzy Cmeans, hierarchical, and density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise. Four data sets are used to achieve this purpose which is Botswana, Kennedy space centre, Pavia, and Pavia University. Beside the accuracy, we adopted four more similarity measures: Rand statistics, Jaccard coefficient, Fowlkes-Mallows index, and Hubert index. According to accuracy, we found that fuzzy C-means clustering is doing better on Botswana and Pavia data sets, K-means and K-medoids are giving better results on Kennedy space centre data set, and for Pavia University the hierarchical clustering is better.
Not all calcite ballast is created equal: differing effects of foraminiferan and coccolith calcite on the formation and sinking of aggregates

Correlation between particulate organic carbon (POC) and calcium carbonate sinking through the deep ocean has led to the idea that ballast provided by calcium carbonate is important for the export of POC from the surface ocean. While this idea is certainly to some extent true, it is worth considering in more nuance, for example, examining the different effects on the aggregation and sinking of POC of small, non-sinking calcite particles like coccoliths and large, rapidly sinking calcite like planktonic foraminiferan tests. We have done that here in a simple experiment carried out in roller tanks that allow particles to sink continuously without being impeded by container walls. Coccoliths were efficiently incorporated into aggregates that formed during the experiment, increasing their sinking speed compared to similarly sized aggregates lacking added calcite ballast. The foraminiferan tests, which sank as fast as 700md−1, became associated with only very minor amounts of POC. In addition, when they collided with other, larger, foram-less aggregates, they fragmented them into two smaller, more slowly sinking aggregates. While these effects were certainly exaggerated within the confines of the rolling tanks, they clearly demonstrate that calcium carbonate ballast is not just calcium carbonate ballast - different forms of calcium carbonate ballast have notably different effects on POC aggregation, sinking, and export.
Similarity as Inference

The perceived similarity between two objects varies with the distribution of other objects in the same context. The most famous theory of similarity judgment, Tversky’s contrast model, can capture some of these contextual effects by assuming that the context changes the weighting of shared and distinctive object features in determining similarity judgment. However, the contrast model does not by itself explain how the weights are determined by context. This paper shows how a Bayesian theory of similarity judgment, first proposed by Kemp, Bernstein, and Tenenbaum (2005), can fill the gap. The key ideas are that (a) perceived similarity reflects the posterior probability that two objects arose from the same generative process; and (b) the parameters of the generative process are estimated based on all the objects in the context. The Bayesian theory is mathematically equivalent to Tversky’s contrast model, but now the weights are directly determined by the estimated parameters. Several context effects can be captured using this theory, supporting the claim that similarity judgment is a form of inference.
Al-Qassas, R. and Ould-Khaoua, M. and Mackenzie, L. (2006) Performance evaluation of a new end-to-end traffic-aware routing in MANETs. In, Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems

There has been a lot research effort on developing reactive routing algorithms for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) over the past few years. Most of these algorithms consider finding the shortest path from source to destination in building a route. However, this can lead to some network nodes being more overloaded than the others. In MANETs resources, such as node power and channel bandwidth are often at a premium and, therefore, it is important to optimise their use as much as possible. Consequently, a traffic-aware technique to distribute the load is very desirable in order to make good utilisation of nodes’ resources. Therefore a number of end-to-end traffic aware techniques have recently been proposed for reactive routing protocols to deal with this challenging issue. In this paper we contribute to this research effort by proposing a new traffic aware technique that can overcome the limitations of the existing methods. Results from an extensive comparative evaluation show that the new technique has superior performance over similar existing end-to-end techniques in terms of the achieved throughput, end-to-end delay and routing overhead.
Long-Term Outcomes of Alternative Brachytherapy Techniques for Early Prostate Cancer

Abstract : All active, potentially curative treatments for clinically localized prostate cancer damage quality of life. Brachytherapy, or radioactive seed implants, theoretically may increase the target radiation dose and thus improve control of cancer. It has been rapidly adopted in the U.S. despite limited long-term published outcomes, in part because of its convenience and apparently attractive toxicity profile. However, our recent survey of brachytherapy patients after longer follow-up found surprisingly frequent urinary incontinence and erectile dysfunction. Retrospective evidence suggests that reducing the radiation dose to the urethra may prevent later urinary incontinence. A recent refinement of conventional brachytherapy technique targets only the peripheral zone of the prostate, sharply reducing the dose to the urethra, and attempts to reduce radiation "cold spots" by using intraoperative feedback from real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Using our validated cancer-specific scales, our pilot data suggested that the altered brachytherapy technique had the intended benefit but also unexpected outcomes. We have extended our cohort study of 276 brachytherapy patients and now compare 3- and 24-month outcomes of this technique to standard ultrasounded-guided brachytherapy.
Recurrence of anti-factor H associated C 3 glomerulonephritis in the kidney allograft

1 Serviço de Nefrologia do Hospital Garcia de Orta, Almada, Portugal 2 Laboratório de Morfologia Renal -Serviço de Nefrologia, Hospital Curry Cabral – CHLC, Lisboa, Portugal 3 Centro de microscopia electrónica e histopatologia Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário, Caparica, Portugal 4 Serviço de Nefrologia, Hospital de Santa Cruz – CHLO, Carnaxide, Portugal 5 Serviço de Nefrologia, Hospital do Espírito Santo de Évora, Évora, Portugal
FUZZY LOGIC BASED HPWM-MRAS SPEED OBSERVER FOR SENSORLESS CONTROL OF INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVE

The main aim of this paper is to present hybrid space vector pulse width modulation (HPWM) based model reference adaptive system (MRAS) speed observer for sensorless control of induction motor drive. The proposed method is designed by using the notion of stator flux ripple and the switching times are calculated by utilizing the concept of imaginary switching times that uses the instantaneous values of the reference voltage of the three phases. By using this method ripples present in the torque can be minimized and also the speed performance can be improved in the way that the error between the adaptive model speed and the reference model speed is made as low as possible so that the estimated speed is made as nearly equal as the speed of the reference model. Also in this paper the conventionally used PI controller in the adaptation mechanism of the MRAS observer is replaced by a fuzzy logic controller (FLC). In conventionally used PI controller when the reference speed or the load changes the control parameters are to be changed manually but when a FLC is used in place of PI controller this is not necessarily required. The fuzzy logic is also helpful in keeping the speed relatively constant during the load variations which can be seen from the simulation results. The simulations of the proposed method are performed and the results are presented to validate the proposed method.
PATTERNS OF POST-ZYGOTIC ISOLATION AMONG GENETICALLY DIVERSE STRAINS OF CAENORHABDITIS BRIGGSAE AND CAENORHABDITIS SP. 9

The study of speciation is key to understanding the origins of biodiversity. Model organisms, with a host of genetic and molecular tools, are crucial to dissecting the genetics of speciation. Crosses between the recently-discovered Caenorhabditis sp. 9 and the well-known C. briggsae produce fertile F1 hybrid females, opening the door to genetic studies of speciation for the first time within the genus. I crossed eight different isogenic strains of C. briggsae reciprocally with six inbred lines of C. sp. 9 to investigate: Haldane‟s rule, systematic asymmetries in hybrid viability, and whether genetic variation for hybrid viability segregates within each species. Results of these crosses confirm Haldane‟s rule and demonstrate strong asymmetric parent-of-origin effects. Furthermore, I observed genotype-dependent differences in the number of F1 hybrid progeny. This provides evidence for genetic variation for hybrid viability within both species, allowing insights into the genetic forces driving the evolution of incompatibility loci.
Heterotropic Activation of the Midazolam Hydroxylase Activity of CYP3A by a Positive Allosteric Modulator of mGlu5: In Vitro to In Vivo Translation and Potential Impact on Clinically Relevant Drug-Drug Interactions

Allosteric modulation of G protein-coupled receptors has gained considerable attention in the drug discovery arena because it opens avenues to achieve greater selectivity over orthosteric ligands. We recently identified a series of positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) for the treatment of schizophrenia that exhibited robust heterotropic activation of CYP3A4 enzymatic activity. The prototypical compound from this series, 5-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-((3-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine (VU0448187), was found to activate CYP3A4 to >100% of its baseline intrinsic midazolam (MDZ) hydroxylase activity in vitro; activation was CYP3A substrate specific and mGlu5 PAM dependent. Additional studies revealed the concentration-dependence of CYP3A activation by VU0448187 in multispecies hepatic and intestinal microsomes and hepatocytes, as well as a diminished effect observed in the presence of ketoconazole. Kinetic analyses of the effect of VU0448187 on MDZ metabolism in recombinant P450 or human liver microsomes resulted in a significant increase in Vmax (minimal change in Km) and required the presence of cytochrome b5. The atypical kinetics translated in vivo, as rats receiving an intraperitoneal administration of VU0448187 prior to MDZ treatment demonstrated a significant increase in circulating 1- and 4-hydroxy- midazolam (1-OH-MDZ, 4-OH-MDZ) levels compared with rats administered MDZ alone. The discovery of a potent substrate-selective activator of rodent CYP3A with an in vitro to in vivo translation serves to illuminate the impact of increasing intrinsic enzymatic activity of hepatic and extrahepatic CYP3A in rodents, and presents the basis to build models capable of framing the clinical relevance of substrate-dependent heterotropic activation.
ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY PLANT BIOLOGY

GHEORGHE ZARNEA (1920–2012) Member of the Romanian Academy – In memoriam. 81 R. ROYCHOWDHURY, S. DATTA, M. HAQUE, T.K. MUKHERJEE, D. MAJI, P. GUPTA, D. DAS and JAGATPATI TAH, Effect of EMS on genetic parameters and selection scope for yield attributes in M2 mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) genotypes . 87 A.K. CHAURASIA, PRASHANT KUMAR RAI, ARVIND KUMAR, Estimation of genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in aromatic fine grain rice . 99 A. KARTHIKEYAN, M. SUDHA, P. NAGRAJAN, M. PANDIYAN, M. RAVEENDRAN, N. SENTHIL, K. ANGAPPAN, Using SSR marker to identify the MYMV resistance gene in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]. 105 ALIREZA EIVAZI, Induction of drought tolerance with seed priming in wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) . 115 D. DHAKSHANAMOORTHY, R. SELVARAJ, Mitotic index and DNA content as biological tools on detection of mutation in tree species (Jatropha curcas L.) . 129 A.R. DAR, ZAFAR RESHI, G.H. DAR, LUBNA ANDLEEB, Pre-dispersal reproductive ecology of Lagotis cashmeriana (Royle) Rupr. (Scrophulariaceae) – an endangered alpine endemic angiosperm of Kashmir Himalaya, India. 139
Changes in Computed Tomography Perfusion ( CTP ) technique parameters following treatment in head and neck neoplasm

Objective: The purpose of this contribution is to define the computed tomography (CT) perfusion characteristics of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma through evaluating the changes in blood flow, blood volume, mean transit time and permeability surface products after treatment in patient with head and neck cancer and to get knowledge about importance of CTP for informing therapeutic decision about its applications and usefulness as an assessment tool to monitor and predict treatment responsiveness. Methods: In this meta-analysis study, we were based on several previous studies dealing with the perfusion of head and neck neoplasm forming a subset of systematic review which attempts to collate empirical evidence that fits prespecified eligibility criteria to answer a specific research question. The number of patients included in this study was 389. We compared means of CTP parameters among various studies before and after treatment and used appropriate statistical test when needed. We discussed treatment response rates (percent) among reviewed articles and described main relevant characteristics of the patients. Conclusion: This meta-analysis demonstrated the feasibility for routine clinical use of the perfusion CT using deconvolution analysis for the assessment of perfusion and permeability role in evaluating response to chemoradiation in HNC of different stages. Keyword : Meta-analysis, Computed Tomography Perfusion, Head and Neck Tumors, Chemotherapy. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 27 -01-2017 Date of acceptance: 23-08-2017 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Being Erlang Shen : Identifying Answerable Questions

Research has shown that answers do not exist in biomedical corpora for many questions posed by physicians. We have therefore developed a question filtering component that determines whether or not a posed question is answerable. Using 200 clinical questions that have been annotated by physicians to be answerable or unanswerable, we have explored the use of supervised machine-learning algorithms to automatically classify questions into one of these two categories. We also have incorporated semantic features from a large biomedical knowledge terminology. Our results show that incorporating semantic features in general enhances the performance of question classification and the best system is a probabilistic indexing system that achieves an 80.5% accuracy. Our analysis also shows that stop words may play an important role for separating Answerable from Unanswerable.
RMB revaluation and speculative capital inflo ws : policy options

We build a monetary model to show how expected revaluations lead to the instability of a pegged exchange rate regime. This model assumes current account convertibility and some degree of capital control, and fundamentally sound domestic policies and economy, as is the case in China. The model demonstrates that market-oriented interest rates can act as an automatic stabilizer to ease revaluation pressures, but cannot resolve them completely because the nominal interest rate has a zero nominal bound. Therefore, the official parity will eventually collapse and the revaluation expectations can be self-fulfilling, in the absence of external intervention. The empirical results of Granger causality tests are consistent with the main findings of our theoretical model. There are a number of alternative policy intervention measures that can extend the life of pegged exchange rate regime. * Corresponding author: Professor Yue Ma, Department of Economics, Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong and Macroeconomic Research Centre, Xiamen University, China. Fax: +(852) 2891 7940; Tel +(852)2616 7202; Email: yuema@Ln.edu.hk; Internet: http://www.Ln.edu.hk/econ/staff/yuema + Economics Department, School of International Trade and Economics, University of International Business and Economics (UIBE), 10 Huixin Dongjie, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China. Tel: ++86 10 6449 3603; Fax: ++86 10 6449 3042; E-mail: sunhuayu@uibe.edu. cn
Deformation and orientation effects in heavy-particle radioactivity of Z=115

The possibility of heavy particle radioactivity (heavier clusters) in ground state decays of 287−289 115 parent nuclei, resulting in a doubly magic daughter around 208 Pb is analyzed using Preformed Cluster Model (PCM) with choices of spherical and quadrupole deformation ( β 2 ) having “optimum” orientations of decay products. The behavior of fragmentation potential and preformation probability is investigated in order to extract better picture of the dynamics involved. Interestingly, the potential energy surfaces obtained via the fragmentation process get modified significantly with the inclusion of deformation and orientation effects, which in turn influence the preformation factor.
Association of helicobacter Pylori Infection and Vitamin B12 Level among Sudanese Patients

Background:Helicobacter Pylori (H. Pylori) infection is a major gastric infection worldwide and has been associated with many hematologic disorders. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the association between H.Pylori infection and vitamin B12 levels among Sudanese population. Materials and Methods: 120 samples were collected for this study (60 samples fromH.Pylori positive patients and 60 samples from apparently healthy individuals as controls). All samples were assessed for hematological parameters and vitamin B12 using Electrochemiluminescence immune assay . Results:Vitamin B12 levels mean was significantly lower among H. Pylori patients (207.56±184.51) than controlgroup (494.45±181.47)(P-value0.000),lymphocyte count mean in H.Pylori positivepatients(37.33±9.53)was significantly higher than the controls (32.28±8.72)( P-value 0.003), Granulocyte count meanwas lower among H.Pylori positive Subjects(51.53±9.91) than control subjects(57.10±8.43) (P-value 0.001). Other hematological parameters showed no significant difference between H.Pylori positive patients and control subjects. Conclusion: This study has concluded that vitamin B12level is lower in H.Pylori infectedSudanese individuals.
Effect of Environmental Stresses on S-Layer Production in Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356

The gastrointestinal tract (GTI) is the organ with the largest surface area in the human body, having in an adult between 150 and 200 m2 (Holzapfel et al., 1998). Interesting in this context is the fact that a huge number of microorganisms live and interact with the host in the stomach and gut. The GIT of an adult human is estimated to harbour about 1013–1014 viable bacteria, i.e. 10 times the total number of eukaryotic cells in all tissues of man's body (Holzapfel et al., 1998; Velez et al., 2007). In the gastrointestinal tract, the bacteria are affected both by the physiological conditions (such as low pH, bile salt and enzymes) and by other microorganisms which exist in the GIT. Because of the presence of enzymes, salts and acids in the gastric juice, the environmental conditions in the stomach are destructive to a number of microorganisms (Holzapfel et al., 1998). The microbial community in the gastrointestinal tract is complex and consists of several hundred species, of which lactic acid bacteria constitute a minor proportion. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are Gram-positive bacteria which excrete lactic acid as a main fermentation product into the medium. This biochemical definition associates lactic acid bacteria of different phylogenetic branches of bacterial evolution: the “low GC” taxa, e.g. Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus and Streptococcus, and the “high GC” genus Bifidobacterium. Species of these genera can be found in gastrointestinal tract of man and animal (Klaenhammer et al., 2005; Klein et al., 1998; Mathur & Singh, 2005). They have also been involved since time immemorial in food processing and food preservation, and are applied in particular for the manufacturing of dairy products, fermented meat, vegetables, bread and ensilage (Pouwels et al., 1998). Several lactic acid bacteria have the potential to promote the health of the host or to prevent and treat diseases. Such bacteria are referred to as probiotic, meaning ‘for life’ (Latin pro=for and biotic=life) (Herich & Levkut, 2002; Marteau & Rambaud, 2002; Mercenier et al., 2002; Ouwehand et al., 2003). The strains of LAB used as probiotics usually belong to species of the genera Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Bifidobacterium (Klein et al., 1998). The effects of probiotic microorganisms on the host have been discussed extensively in the literature. It has been proposed that probiotics possess several advantageous properties, such as antagonistic actions, production of antimicrobial substances, modulation of immune responses, and impact on the metabolic activities of the gut (Marteau & Rambaud, 2002;