Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Online video consumption practices: Studying Finnish viral video mavens

Online videos are being actively and in increasing amount consumed by modern day consumers, who benefit from an almost unlimited choice of online videos available. Moreover, online videos are not confined by time and place, allowing them to reach geographically dispersed audiences quickly. The fast diffusion of online content occasionally creates shooting stars of online video viral videos. In viral marketing, like in online video advertising, consumers are harnessed as the distributional force of online content. This means that the diffusion of promotional messages is practically free for marketers. It is no surprise that marketers are eager to benefit from viral opportunities, which has led to an increase in online video advertising spending. If executed successfully, online video advertising can provide marketers with cost savings, better campaign reach, reduced advertising avoidance and earned publicity for the brand. Overall, online video consumption has experienced significant growth in the past years and it is estimated to continue to do so in the future. Previous studies in the fields of viral concepts are mainly quantitative in nature and focus on fine tuning factors that are most likely to create viral success. The purpose of this study is to fill in the gap in previous studies by describing how online videos are actually used by consumers. More specifically, my study focuses on the hard-core users of online videos, termed as viral video mavens. In focusing on viral video mavens, my study provides practitioners and scholars in-depth knowledge about the distributional force of viral marketing. Narratives were collected in eight semi-structured interviews and a realistic approach was taken to interpret the stories. The interviews were analyzed using the theoretical lens of practice theory. This study finds that the use of online videos is a highly routinized activity among Finnish viral video mavens. The main contribution of my study is the identification and description of key online video consumption practices. The findings are organized into four thematic groups, which refer to different ways of using online videos: loitering, learning, social interaction and controlling. Although the themes are overlapping and intertwined, certain practices occured together more often than they did with others. Additionally, my study discusses the underlying understandings, explicit rules and teleoaffective structures that essentially link sayings and doings. These social codifications are important elements as they guide the way practices are carried out. Overall, my findings should provide useful insights for marketers that are interested in promoting products and services through the use of online videos.
Nonpoint Source Pollution, Incomplete Information and Learning: An Entropy Approach

1Nonpoint Source Pollution, Incomplete Information and Learning:An Entropy ApproachAbstractKullback’s Cross Entropy, a methodology for modeling incomplete information andlearning, is applied to nonpoint source pollution management. By definition, incompleteinformation on the linkages between nonpoint source and load exists. We have explicitlymodel monitoring and learning, to focus attention on the manager’s budget tradeoffbetween monitoring and abatement.
The effects of dietary energy levels on the carcass composition of the broilers

A study was conducted to determine the arcass composition of broilers when fed with three varying levels of dietary energy(3,000, 3,200 and 3,400 kcal/kg ME) at 20% crude protein and 0.79% Total Sulphur Amino Acid. The results showed that there was a significant(p<0.05) increase in the ME intake of the chickens when the ME of the diet increased. Other factors like the protein intake, dressing percentage, weight gain and feed intake were not significantly affected. On the carcass, the increasing dietary ME levels resulted in a significant(p<0.05) decrease in the carcass protein percentage. Similarly, the dietary ME produced a significant(0.05) increase in the amount of and fat percentages of breast meat, thigh meat, and drumstick meat with a significant reduction in the protein percentage. There seemed to be an inverse relationship between the perentages of protein and fat. An increase in fat percentages always resulted in similar reduction in the protein content of the meat. These results also showed major differences between the white and red meat of the chicken.
Evaluation of Gesture-Based In-Vehicle Interaction: User Experience and the Potential to Reduce Driver Distraction

Objective: We observe the effects of in-vehicle system gesture-based interaction versus touch-based interaction on driver distraction and user experience. Background: Driver distraction is a major problem for traffic safety, as it is a contributing factor to a number of accidents. Visual distraction in particular has a highly negative impact on the driver. One possibility for reducing visual driver distraction is to use new forms of interaction in the vehicle, such as gesture-based interaction. Method: In this experiment, participants drove on a motorway or in a city scenario while using touch-based interaction or gesture-based interaction. Subjective data, such as acceptance and workload, and objective data, including glance behavior, were gathered. Results: As a result, participants rated their subjective impressions of safe driving as higher when using gesture-based interaction. More specifically, acceptance and attractiveness were higher, and workload was lower. The participants performed significantly fewer glances to the display and the glances were much shorter. Conclusion: Gestures are a positive alternative for in-vehicle interaction since effects on driver distraction are less significant when compared to touch-based interaction. Application: Potential application of this research includes interaction design of typical in-vehicle information and entertainment functions.
Discovery of gene regulatory elements through a new bioinformatics analysis of haploid genetic screens

The systematic identification of regulatory elements that control gene expression remains a challenge. Genetic screens that use untargeted mutagenesis have the potential to identify protein-coding genes, non-coding RNAs and regulatory elements, but their analysis has mainly focused on identifying the former two. To identify regulatory elements, we conducted a new bioinformatics analysis of insertional mutagenesis screens interrogating WNT signaling in haploid human cells. We searched for specific patterns of retroviral gene trap integrations (used as mutagens in haploid screens) in short genomic intervals overlapping with introns and regions upstream of genes. We uncovered atypical patterns of gene trap insertions that were not predicted to disrupt coding sequences, but caused changes in the expression of two key regulators of WNT signaling, suggesting the presence of cis-regulatory elements. Our methodology extends the scope of haploid genetic screens by enabling the identification of regulatory elements that control gene expression.
Regeneration of the zebrafish retinal pigment epithelium after widespread genetic ablation

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a specialized monolayer of pigmented cells within the eye that is critical for maintaining visual system function. Diseases affecting the RPE have dire consequences for vision, and the most prevalent of these is atrophic (dry) age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which is thought to result from RPE dysfunction and degeneration. An intriguing possibility for treating RPE degenerative diseases like atrophic AMD is the stimulation of endogenous RPE regeneration; however, very little is known about the mechanisms driving successful RPE regeneration in vivo. Here, we developed a zebrafish transgenic model (rpe65a:nfsB-GFP) that enabled ablation of large swathes of mature RPE. RPE ablation resulted in rapid RPE degeneration, as well as degeneration of Bruch’s membrane and underlying photoreceptors. Using this model, we demonstrate for the first time that larval and adult zebrafish are capable of regenerating a functional RPE monolayer after RPE ablation. Regenerated RPE cells first appear at the periphery of the RPE, and regeneration proceeds in a peripheral-to-central fashion. RPE ablation elicits a robust proliferative response in the remaining RPE. Subsequently, proliferative cells move into the injury site and differentiate into RPE. BrdU pulse-chase analyses demonstrate that the regenerated RPE is likely derived from remaining peripheral RPE cells. Pharmacological inhibition of Wnt signaling significantly reduces cell proliferation in the RPE and delays overall RPE recovery. These data demonstrate that the zebrafish RPE possesses a robust capacity for regeneration and highlight a potential mechanism through which endogenous RPE regenerate in vivo. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Diseases resulting in RPE degeneration are among the leading causes of blindness worldwide, and no therapy exists that can replace RPE or restore lost vision. One intriguing possibility is the development of therapies focused on stimulating endogenous RPE regeneration. For this to be possible, we must first gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying RPE regeneration. Here, we ablate mature RPE in zebrafish and demonstrate that zebrafish regenerate RPE after widespread injury. Injury-adjacent RPE proliferate and regenerate RPE, suggesting that they are the source of regenerated tissue. Finally, we demonstrate that Wnt signaling is required for RPE regeneration. These findings establish an in vivo model through which the molecular and cellular underpinnings of RPE regeneration can be further characterized.
Cellular Immunotherapy for Multiple Myeloma

Abstract Cellular immunotherapy for myeloma has the unique potential both to potently kill the malignant clone and to evoke a memory response to protect from relapse. Understanding the complex interactions between the malignant clone and the microenvironment that promote immune escape is critical to evoke effective antimyeloma immunity. Tremendous progress has been made in the area of cancer vaccines and adoptive T-cell therapy in recent years. Careful study of the mechanisms of response and of immune escape will be critical to developing novel combination therapies and ultimately to improve outcomes for patients with myeloma.
The Charlson Index is insufficient to control for comorbidities in a national trauma registry

Background The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) is frequently used to control for confounding by comorbidities in observational studies, but its performance as such has not been studied. We evaluated the performance of CCI and an alternative summary method, logistic principal component analysis (LPCA), to adjust for comorbidities, using as an example the association between insurance and mortality. Materials and Methods Using all admissions in the National Trauma Data Bank 2010-2015, we extracted mortality, payment method, and 36 ICD-9-derived comorbidities. We estimated ORs for the association between uninsured status and mortality before and after adjusting for CCI, LPCA, and separate covariates. We also calculated standardized mean differences (SMDs) of comorbidity variables before and after weighting the sample using inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTW) for CCI, LPCA, and separate covariates. Results In 4,936,880 admissions, most (68.3%) had at least one comorbidity. Considerable imbalance was observed in the unweighted sample (mean SMD=0.086, OR=1.17), which was almost entirely eliminated by IPTW on separate covariates (mean SMD=0.012, OR=1.36). The CCI performed similarly to the unweighted sample (mean SMD=0.080, OR=1.25), while 2 LPCA axes were better able to control for confounding (mean SMD=0.04, OR=1.31). Using covariate adjustment, the CCI accounted for 56.1% of observed confounding, whereas 2 LPCA axes accounted for 91.3%. Conclusions The use of the CCI to adjust for confounding may result in residual confounding, and alternative strategies should be considered. LPCA may be a viable alternative to adjusting for each comorbidity when samples are small or positivity assumptions are violated.
Class-3 Semaphorins and Their Receptors: Potent Multifunctional Modulators of Tumor Progression

Semaphorins are the products of a large gene family containing 28 genes of which 21 are found in vertebrates. Class-3 semaphorins constitute a subfamily of seven vertebrate semaphorins which differ from the other vertebrate semaphorins in that they are the only secreted semaphorins and are distinguished from other semaphorins by the presence of a basic domain at their C termini. Class-3 semaphorins were initially characterized as axon guidance factors, but have subsequently been found to regulate immune responses, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and a variety of additional physiological and developmental functions. Most class-3 semaphorins transduce their signals by binding to receptors belonging to the neuropilin family which subsequently associate with receptors of the plexin family to form functional class-3 semaphorin receptors. Recent evidence suggests that class-3 semaphorins also fulfill important regulatory roles in multiple forms of cancer. Several class-3 semaphorins function as endogenous inhibitors of tumor angiogenesis. Others were found to inhibit tumor metastasis by inhibition of tumor lymphangiogenesis, by direct effects on the behavior of tumor cells, or by modulation of immune responses. Notably, some semaphorins such as sema3C and sema3E have also been found to potentiate tumor progression using various mechanisms. This review focuses on the roles of the different class-3 semaphorins in tumor progression.
T-Cell Accumulation in the Hypertensive Brain: A Role for Sphingosine-1-Phosphate-Mediated Chemotaxis

Hypertension is considered the major modifiable risk factor for the development of cognitive impairment. Because increased blood pressure is often accompanied by an activation of the immune system, the concept of neuro-inflammation gained increasing attention in the field of hypertension-associated neurodegeneration. Particularly, hypertension-associated elevated circulating T-lymphocyte populations and target organ damage spurred the interest to understanding mechanisms leading to inflammation-associated brain damage during hypertension. The present study describes sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) as major contributor to T-cell chemotaxis to the brain during hypertension-associated neuro-inflammation and cognitive impairment. Using Western blotting, flow cytometry and mass spectrometry approaches, we show that hypertension stimulates a sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1)-dependent increase of cerebral S1P concentrations in a mouse model of angiotensin II (AngII)-induced hypertension. The development of a distinct S1P gradient between circulating blood and brain tissue associates to elevated CD3+ T-cell numbers in the brain. Inhibition of S1P1-guided T-cell chemotaxis with the S1P receptor modulator FTY720 protects from augmentation of brain CD3 expression and the development of memory deficits in hypertensive WT mice. In conclusion, our data highlight a new approach to the understanding of hypertension-associated inflammation in degenerative processes of the brain during disease progression.
Cell-Penetrating Mx1 Enhances Anti-Viral Resistance against Mucosal Influenza Viral Infection

Dynamin-like GTPase myxovirus resistance protein 1 (Mx1) is an intracellular anti-viral protein following the activation of type I and type III interferon signaling. Mx1 inhibits viral replication by blocking the transcription of viral RNA, and a deficiency in this protein enhances susceptibility to influenza infection. Thus, Mx1 could be another efficient target of anti-influenza therapy. To test our hypothesis, we fused poly-arginine cell-penetrating peptides to the C terminus of Mx1 (Mx1-9R) and examined the anti-viral activity of Mx1-9R in vitro and in vivo. Madin-Darby Canine Kidney epithelial cells internalized the Mx1-9R within 12 h. Pre-exposure Mx1-9R treatment inhibited viral replication and viral RNA expression in infected cells. Further, intranasal administration of Mx1-9R improved the survival of mice infected with the PR8 influenza viral strain. These data support the consideration of Mx1-9R as a novel therapeutic agent against mucosal influenza virus infection.
Co‐inheritance of sea age at maturity and iteroparity in the Atlantic salmon vgll3 genomic region

Co‐inheritance in life‐history traits may result in unpredictable evolutionary trajectories if not accounted for in life‐history models. Iteroparity (the reproductive strategy of reproducing more than once) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is a fitness trait with substantial variation within and among populations. In the Teno River in northern Europe, iteroparous individuals constitute an important component of many populations and have experienced a sharp increase in abundance in the last 20 years, partly overlapping with a general decrease in age structure. The physiological basis of iteroparity bears similarities to that of age at first maturity, another life‐history trait with substantial fitness effects in salmon. Sea age at maturity in Atlantic salmon is controlled by a major locus around the vgll3 gene, and we used this opportunity demonstrate that these two traits are co‐inherited around this genome region. The odds ratio of survival until second reproduction was up to 2.4 (1.8–3.5 90% CI) times higher for fish with the early‐maturing vgll3 genotype (EE) compared to fish with the late‐maturing genotype (LL). The L allele was dominant in individuals remaining only one year at sea before maturation, but the dominance was reversed, with the E allele being dominant in individuals maturing after two or more years at sea. Post hoc analysis indicated that iteroparous fish with the EE genotype had accelerated growth prior to first reproduction compared to first‐time spawners, across all age groups, whereas this effect was not detected in fish with the LL genotype. These results broaden the functional link around the vgll3 genome region and help us understand constraints in the evolution of life‐history variation in salmon. Our results further highlight the need to account for genetic correlations between fitness traits when predicting demographic changes in changing environments.
Depression and coronary heart disease: 2018 ESC position paper of the working group of coronary pathophysiology and microcirculation developed under the auspices of the ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines.

Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA; Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Emory University School of Medicine, 1518 Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA; Cardiovascular Program (ICCC), IR-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. CiberCV-Institute Carlos III. Autonomous University of Barcelona, C/ Sant Antoni Maria Claret, 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 12 Executive Park Drive Northeast, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA; Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA; Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, 670 Clairmont Road, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Giuseppe Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy; Cardiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ‘Carol Davila’ of Bucharest, Emergency Clinical Hospital of Bucharest, Calea Floreasca 8, Sector 1, Bucuresti, 014461, Romania; Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Cardiovascular Research Institute COEUR, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute of Natural Sciences, University of Physical Education, Alkotas street, 44, 1123, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA; Department for Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb, Kispaticeva 12, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia; Department of Physiology, Charitè-University Medicine, Thielallee 71, D-14195, Berlin, Germany; First Department of Cardiology, Hippokration Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK 115 28, Athens, Greece; Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 8, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia; Institut für Physiologie, Universität zu Lübeck and Deutsches Zentrumfür Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany; GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, Departments of Cardiology, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, University of Liège Hospital, Liège, Belgium; Anthea Hospital, Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, VIA C. Rosalba, 35/37, Bari, Italy; and Preventive Medicine and Public Health Institute, Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
Immunogenicity of pneumococcal vaccines in comorbid autoimmune and chronic respiratory diseases

ABSTRACT Streptococcus pneumoniae causes pneumonia, meningitis, otitis media, and bacteremia. The mortality and morbidity of invasive pneumococcal disease are high among adults aged >65 years or those with underlying chronic or immunosuppressive conditions. A recent systematic review showed that patients treated with immunosuppressive agents have impaired immune responses to pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) and pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine compared with healthy subjects. A more favorable response is observed in patients treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha-blocking agents compared with those treated with other immunosuppressive agents. Low systemic corticosteroid doses do not affect the responses to pneumococcal vaccines. Patients with human immunodeficiency virus and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis receiving immunosuppressive therapy exhibit decreased immunogenicity to pneumococcal vaccines. The effects of T-cell-dependent PCV possibly depend on host memory B cells in some disease conditions. Several immunosuppressive therapy types and disease conditions may affect the responses to pneumococcal vaccines. Immunization should be administered before immunosuppressive medication initiation whenever possible.