Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Evaluación del insecticida ®Rynaxypyr sobre su acción ovilarvicida en huevos de tecia solanivora, povolny (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae)

La polilla guatemalteca Tecia solanivora (Povolny) se considera la plaga de mayor impacto economico en el cultivo de la papa, toda vez que ocasiona danos al producto en cultivo y almacenamiento; razon por la cual, el control quimico se ha convertido en una de las medidas de mayor uso entre los agricultores. Los huevos de las plagas son estados que pueden ser vulnerables a la aplicacion de insecticidas, sin embargo esta propiedad ovicida ha sido poco estudiada y en algunos casos genera controversias de su eficacia. Por tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la capacidad ovilarvicida del insecticida ®Rynaxypyr sobre huevos de Tecia solanivora. Se evaluaron siete concentraciones del insecticida y un testigo con agua destilada, utilizando como unidad experimental de 10 huevos con 10 repeticiones, ademas se evaluo la capacidad larvicida de la dosis comercial, directamente en huevo y en tuberculos impregnados con ®Rynaxypyr. La eclosion de los huevos en el testigo con agua, ocurrio 5 dias despues de la oviposicion, la cual fue igual a los huevos tratados. El analisis probit de la mortalidad de larvas neonatas se ajusto a las 72 horas despues de la eclosion de los huevos, encontrando una CL50 de 289,61 ppm de insecticida y una CL90 de 59946 ppm. Segun los analisis de supervivencia de larvas neonatas, la mayor supervivencia se obtuvo con el testigo. La mayor mortalidad de larvas ocurrio cuando los huevos son tratados directamente, en comparacion con los huevos tratados en forma indirecta. Al realizar un analisis comportamental de larvas neonatas mediante un etograma, se obtuvo una mortalidad del 46% de larvas provenientes de huevos tratados con insecticida con respecto al testigo. Las larvas que emergen de huevos tratados gastan mas de 4500 segundos a partir del primer momento de la eclosion, en comparacion a larvas del testigo que gastan 1600 segundos, ademas se observaron diferencias comportamentales generadas por el contacto con el insecticida.
Assessing a novel sequencing-based approach for population genomics in non-model species

Developing new sequencing and bioinformatic strategies for non-model species is of great interest in many applications, such as phylogenetic studies of diverse related species, but also for studies in population genomics, where a relatively large number of individuals is necessary. Different approaches have been developed and used in these last two decades, such as RAD-Seq (e.g., Miller et al. 2007), exome sequencing (e.g., Teer and Mullikin 2010) and other genome reduced representation methods that avoid the use of a good reference and well annotated genome (reviewed at Davey et al. 2011). However, population genomics studies require the analysis of numerous individuals, which makes the studies still expensive. Pooling samples was thought as an inexpensive strategy to obtain estimates of variability and other related to the frequency spectrum, thus allowing the study of variability at population level (e.g., Van Tassell et al. 2008), although the major drawback was the loss of information related to the linkage of the variants. In addition, population analysis using all these sequencing strategies require statistical and empirical validations that are not always fully performed. A number of studies aiming to obtain unbiased estimates of variability using reduced representation libraries and/or with pooled data have been performed (e.g., Futschik and Schlötterer 2010, Gautier et al. 2013, Ferretti et al. 2013, Lynch et al. 2014), as well as validation of new sequencing methods for population genetic analyses (e.g., Gautier et al. 2013, Nevado et al. 2014). Nevertheless, empirical validation using both pooled and individual experimental approaches combined with different bioinformatic methods has not been always performed. Here, Deleury et al. (2020) proposed an efficient and elegant way of quantifying the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of exon-derived sequences in a non-model species (i.e. for which no reference genome sequence is available) at the population level Open Access
Stages of Embryonic Development for Alligator sinensis

The embryonic development course of Alligator sinensis was divided into 28 stages,based upon observations on 150 A.sinensis embryos at varied embryonic day,according mainly to their external morphology for early stages of embryos,such as body torsion,brain vesicles,sensory organs morphology,limbs,branchial arches,facial processes,heart,skin and etc,and chiefly to the histological differentiation of their organs for late stages of embryos.It was found that the embryonic day of A.sinensis was relatively in accordance with that of A.mississippiensis for each of early 20 stages and was different for late 8 stages presumably due to a different staging method.It was suggested that histological index about organ differentiation should be introduced into the late stages determination for embryonic development of alligator and crocodiles,so as to make an agreement in staging method and to provide with basic documents and objective references for subsequent studies on developmental biology of alligators and crocodiles.
Rapid Cooling of Eastern Oysters (Crassostrea virginica) Using an On-Board Icing Unit to Slow the Growth of Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus

viii CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION . 1 Literature Review. 3 Oysters . 3 Bacteria . 4 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) . 7 On-board Icing . 7 Goals . 7 CHAPTER 2 : ANALYSIS OF ON-BOARD CHILLING OF EASTERN OYSTERS . 9 Introduction . 9 Materials . 9 Chilling and Washing Unit Design . 9 Methods. 12 Temperature Tests . 12 Harvest Oysters . 14 Samples and Counts . 15 Enriching Samples . 15 Preparing for Vibrio Tests . 17 Real-Time PCR Analysis . 18 Streaking for Vibrio . 20 Picking Colonies . 21 Replicate Plating . 22 Vibrio verification . 23 Results . 23 Discussion . 29 Conclusion and Future Work . 29 CHAPTER 3 : THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF EASTERN OYSTERS . 3
Machine-learning dissection of Human Accelerated Regions in primate neurodevelopment

Using machine learning (ML), we interrogated the function of all variants in 714 Human Accelerated Regions (HARs), some of the fastest evolving regions of the human genome. We predicted that 38% of HARs have variants with opposing effects on neurodevelopmental enhancer activity, consistent with compensatory evolution, and we confirmed this with massively parallel reporter assays (MPRAs) in human and chimpanzee neural progenitor cells. Our ML analysis also revealed 159 differentially active HARs that can be predicted from species-specific transcription factor footprints. Despite these striking cis effects, activity of a given HAR sequence was nearly identical in human and chimpanzee cells. These findings suggest that HARs did not evolve to compensate for changes in the trans environment but instead altered their ability to bind factors present in both species. Thus, ML revealed an unexpected reason why HARs evolved so rapidly and prioritized variants with functional effects on human neurodevelopment.
The “female effect” positively affects the appetitive and consummatory sexual behaviour and testosterone concentrations of Alpine male goats under subtropical conditions

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible action of the “female effect” by evaluating if exposure to estrogenized females would affect sexual behaviour and testosterone concentrations while affecting the length of the reproductive season of Alpine bucks in northern Mexico (26°N). In January, two experimental groups were formed: (i) treated males (MH; n = 8) kept in a pen aside to another pen with four estrogenized females during four weeks; pens were separated by a metal mesh, and (ii) control males (GC; n = 8) which had no contact with any female during the same period. At the end of the study, an appetitive and consummatory sexual behaviour test was performed by exposing males from both groups to estrogenized females. Besides, serum concentrations of testosterone were quantified in each male on days 0 and 28. On day 0 the serum levels of testosterone were similar in both groups (217 ± 86 vs 320 ± 89 ng/dl in MH and GC respectively; P > 0.05). However, on day 28, serum testosterone levels favoured to the MH group (164 ± 56 vs 49 ± 18 ng/dl; P = 0.06). With respect to the consummatory (80%) and appetitive (62%) sexual behaviour, the best reproductive performance was depicted by the MH group with respect to the GC group (P < 0.05). Results obtained confirm a positive action of the “female effect” upon behavioural, reproductive, and endocrinological outcomes, while extending the breeding season of Alpine male goats. These findings should be relevant in the design of clean, green, and ethical reproductive management strategies in goat production systems and potentially important to the animal industry.
A Comparison of Different Methods for Rna and Dna Extraction From Formalin – Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissues From Different Cancer Samples

RNA and DNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue is problematic due to chemical modifications and continued degradation over time. we compared quantity of RNA extracted by two different protocols from 14 recently archived from patients suffered from different cancers distributed among formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast cancer tissues ,thyroid cancer tissues and Cervical uterus carcinoma tissues by using Guanidine isothiocyanate (GTC)with phenol-chloroform (protocol-1) and Silica Gel Column(SGC) dependent on spin column purification-based ( protocol- 2), to assess, which technique is the most efficient and reproducible in terms of total yield and purity. The results showed RNA isolated with SGC technique was characterized by higher mean concentration in a range (80-180) µg/ml ,but it give positive results to 12 sample with degradation in comparison with RNA isolated by the (GTC) technique (protocol-1), comparison with total RNA extraction from human blood ( two distinguished bands ) . In this study comparative methods have been performed to analyze the efficiency for extraction and purification of Genomic DNA from six selective FFPE Tissues samples, revealing that the extraction of DNA by using extraction modified method give good result with yield higher mean concentration of DNA in a range (160-260) µg/ml.The lysis of FFPE Tissues was enhanced by increased the concentration of proteinase K to30 mg\ml for 2 hour at 65C, which considered the best time for lysis tissues and heated comparable with results that obtained from lysis tissues by using 20mg\ml for (24 -48 hours) at 55C
E-WDM: Wavelength Switching in Hybrid Networks Without Wavelength Selective Switches

The use of wavelength multiplexing in optical circuit switches effectively multiplies the capacity per port. However, switching groups of wavelengths together may lead to underutilized links. The solution is the introduction of wavelength switching with granularity at wavelength level. In this paper we present a novel solution, E-WDM. It is a SDN control technique that utilizes the electronic switches in hybrid data centers to dynamically assign wavelengths to the high capacity links of optical circuit switches. The technique is demonstrated in our hybrid setup, integrating central controller, servers, electronic switches, and our 1.5 ms centralized reconfiguration time fast OCS.
A Wicked View

In a recent essay, Harker and coauthors stated that considering herbicide resistance as a wicked problem “without clear causes or solutions” ignores what weed scientists know about the biology and management of herbicide-resistant weeds. In this response, we argue that this misrepresents what is meant by “wicked” and that the wicked problem concept is valuable in understanding the multifaceted nature of herbicide resistance as a human-caused phenomenon.
CONCRETE SURFACE DEFECT DETECTION USING DEEP NEURAL NETWORK BASED ON LIDAR SCANNING

: Structural inspection of bridges is essential to improve the safety of the infrastructure systems. Visual inspection is the principal method of detecting surface defects of bridges. In order to automate the process of structural inspection, it is important to collect proper datasets and use an efficient approach to analyze them and find the defects. Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) scanners can collect high-quality 3D point cloud datasets. Furthermore, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have been recently used for detecting 3D objects within 3D point clouds. This paper aims to develop a method for detecting concrete surface defects using a DNN based on LiDAR scanning. PointNet is a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) used extensively for analyzing 3D point sets. PointNet has three parts: classification, part segmentation and semantic segmentation. The semantic segmentation part is originally designed to detect indoor building elements. In this paper, PointNet is adapted to detect surface defects using point cloud datasets from scanning bridge surfaces. The reason for selecting PointNet is that it is robust to missing and corrupted data. Training and testing datasets are collected from concrete bridges and annotated manually. Five point cloud datasets are prepared in five areas, which contain 3,572 annotated segments. They are classified into two classes, defect and non-defect. About 15% of the prepared point cloud data are assigned as a testing dataset. Promising initial results have been obtained in spite of the small size of the training dataset. In order to increase the accuracy, our future work aims to prepare a bigger dataset to train the model.
Visualizing pancreatic h-cell mass with ( 11 C)DTBZ

h-Cell mass (BCM) influences the total amount of insulin secreted, varies by individual and by the degree of insulin resistance, and is affected by physiologic and pathologic conditions. The islets of Langerhans, however, appear to have a reserve capacity of insulin secretion and, overall, assessments of insulin and blood glucose levels remain poor measures of BCM, h-cell function and progression of diabetes. Thus, novel noninvasive determinations of BCM are needed to provide a quantitative endpoint for novel therapies of diabetes, islet regeneration and transplantation. Built on previous gene expression studies, we tested the hypothesis that the targeting of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), which is expressed by h cells, with [ 11 C]dihydrotetrabenazine ([ 11 C]DTBZ), a radioligand specific for VMAT2, and the use of positron emission tomography (PET) can provide a measure of BCM. In this report, we demonstrate decreased radioligand uptake within the pancreas of Lewis rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes relative to their euglycemic historical controls. These studies suggest that quantitation of VMAT2 expression in h cells with the use of [ 11 C]DTBZ and PET represents a method for
Grazing management that regenerates ecosystem function and grazingland livelihoods

Adopting a systems view and regenerative philosophy can indicate how to regenerate ecosystem function on commercial-scale agro-ecological landscapes. Adaptive multi-paddock grazing management is an example of an approach for grazinglands. Leading conservation farmers have achieved superior results in ecosystem improvement, productivity, soil carbon and fertility, water-holding capacity and profitability. Their method is to use multiple paddocks per herd with short grazing periods, long recovery periods, and adaptively changing recovery periods, residual biomass, animal numbers and other management elements as conditions change. In contrast, much research on grazing management has not followed adaptive research protocols to account for spatial effects, for sufficient time to produce resource improvement, sound animal production, and socio-economic goals under constantly varying conditions on rangelands. We briefly review what management has achieved best outcomes and show how previous reviews of grazing studies were limited in scope and applicability to larger, more complex landscapes. We argue that future research can provide better understanding of how multi-paddock grazing management can improve socio-ecological resilience in grazing ecosystems, while avoiding unintended consequences of possible management options, by involving realistic scale and context, partnering with innovative land managers on real operations, applying adaptive treatments, and combining field studies with modelling approaches.
A review of historical and contemporary processes affecting population genetic structure of Southern Ocean seabirds

ABSTRACT Genetic signatures of historical, behavioural and environmental processes are evident in contemporary seabird populations. Molecular markers have allowed us to determine historical patterns of gene flow, relationships among taxa, and contemporary dispersal barriers. The Southern Ocean contains a number of small, isolated islands that are home to four families of seabirds: albatrosses, petrels, penguins and skuas, which have been the focus of a number of population genetic studies. While capable of travelling large distances, many seabirds have restricted dispersal and exhibit high levels of population structure; typically in northern areas and areas with high endemism (e.g. New Zealand). We reviewed 29 studies of 25 Southern Ocean seabird species comparing biogeographic patterns, glacial history and barriers to gene flow, especially at-sea distribution and ocean currents. Despite diversity in behaviour and life history, our review demonstrates that population genetic structure of the seabirds corresponds to the same barriers. For penguins, currents are the major impediment to dispersal whereas at-sea distribution and island location influence population structure for many seabirds with genetically distinct populations on islands at the periphery of their range. As environmental conditions change, it will become more important to assess how seabirds respond and how these changes influence both dispersal and population structure. It is particularly important as a disproportionately high number of Southern Ocean seabirds are threatened or near threatened. Future studies need to focus on adaptive genetic markers, range-wide comprehensive sampling, influence of behaviour on genetic structure and lesser studied seabirds such as terns and cormorants.
A comparison of the foraging behaviour of the eastern pygmy-possum (Cercartetus nanus) and nectarivorous birds in a Banksia integrifolia woodland

The foraging behaviour of a non-flying mammal, the eastern pygmy-possum (Cercartetus nanus) and nectarivorous birds was compared in a Banksia integrifolia woodland at Wilson's Promontory National Park, Victoria, Australia. Exclusion experiments performed previously in this woodland indicate that both non-flying mammals and nectarivorous birds are important pollinators of B. integrifolia (Cunningham 1991: Oecologia 87: 86-90). In this study it is shown that C. nanus and nectarivorous birds employ different foraging tactics. Nectarivorous birds tended to move further between trees (Χ = 8.16 ± 1.06 m) than C. nanus (Χ = 5.64 ± 0.75 m), although these differences were not significant. Nectarivorous birds were attracted to trees with a significantly larger number of inflorescences (Χ = 36.55 ± 2.84) than C. nanus (Χ = 18.65 ± 2.95), and visited a significantly greater number of inflorescences per tree (Χ = 4.24 ± 0.35) than C. nanus (Χ = 2.33 ± 0.22). Although the two pollinator groups were attracted to banksia plants by different cues, once in the plants they visited an equal proportion of the available inflorescences.
TEKNIK BUDIDAYA IN VITRO Eleutherine sp. (Bawang Sabrang)

Vegetative propagation from bulb excised of Eleutherine sp. (Iridaceae) were cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with plant growth regulator (PGR) Benzyl adenine (BA) 1 mg/l at initiation stage, BA (2 and 5) mg/l for induced shoot buds formation at multiplication stage. In this study also BA 2 mg/l and BA 2 mg/l combined with naphthalein acetic acid (NAA) 0.5 mg/l were treated for rooting planlets formation. Calli formation were induced with auxin PGR picloram 1 mg/l combined with 2,4 dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) 0.5 and 1 mg/l in concentrations. The media contained 2 mg/l cytokinin (BA) without auxin (NAA), resulted the highest shoot buds formation. Rooting planlets were produced in MS medium combined with BA and NAA.MS medium contains Picloram 1 mg/l and 2,4-D 1 mg/l was optimal for frequency on calli initiation (100%) and the largest diameter of calli also represented in cultured MS medium with picloram 1 mg/l and 2,4-D 1mg/l. In acclimatization stage, 100% of planlets survived and successfully transplanted to soil medium in the field. Key words: in vitro, Eleutherine sp.
Food Supplement 20170307-EGR May Increase the Number of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and the Effect of Mitochondrial Protection

A few refer to food supplements that can increase the number of mesenchymal stem cells and protect the mitochondria. We measured the amount of mesenchymal stem cells and the activity of the mitochondria in the plant extracts of the culture medium to evaluate the antiaging effect of the food extract of the plant extract. The samples were evaluated for human fat in mesenchymal stem cells, centrifuged to isolate the number of granulocytes, mesenchymal stem cells and increase mitochondrial ATP, and reduce free radical leakage, all associated with aging markers. Our results show that the number of mesenchymal stem cells increased by 39%, the energy of the mitochondrial ATP increased significantly and decreased free radical leakage. This suggests that our plant extracts in food supplements may help revive with antiaging.
HIGH-STEP-UP INTERLEAVED DC

This paper presents a high a common active interleaved. A boost converter is used to clamp the volt interleaved converters, caused by the leakage inductances present in the practical coupled inductors, to a low voltage level. The leakage energies of the interleaved converters are collected in a clamp capacitor and modulation concepts for multilevel reduced chip size of the power semiconductors are proposed. efficiency because of the recycling of the leakage energies, reduction of the switch voltage stress, mitigation of the output diode’s reverse recovery problem, and interleaving of the converters. A prototype of the proposed conver validation.
Site index models for Calabrian pine in the central Mediterranean region of Turkey

ABSTRACT Stem analysis data of 432 trees were obtained from even-aged, pure natural stands of Calabrian pine in the central Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Eight dynamic site equations derived with the Generalized Algebraic Difference Approach (GADA) were compared, based on autoregressive analysis and a thorough evaluation of the goodness of fit. We used generalized nonlinear least squares methods for model fitting. The adjusted coefficients of determination (0.9825–0.9842), root-mean-square errors (0.8004–0.8435 m), and Akaike’s information criterion differences (0–145) indicated a good fit of the eight site index equations. The Hossfeld equation (M3) provided the best result. The Durbin-Watson test statistic did not reveal an autocorrelation issue while the Hossfeld equation provided a satisfactory solution to the serial correlation problem in stem analysis data as time series using autoregressive modeling. This study presents new site index models for Calabrian pine forests in the central Mediterranean region of Turkey where it is the most important commercial tree species. The site index equation, based on the Hossfeld model is recommended for height growth prediction and site classification of Calabrian pine stands in the central Mediterranean region of Turkey, providing a new basis for growth prediction and yield estimation in these important forest ecosystems.