Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Partial Acetylation on the Mechanical Properties of Poly(vinyl alcohol)

The mechanical properties of partially acetylated poly (vinyl alcohol) were studied by dynamic measurements over a wide temperature range. After partial acetylation, the αc-loss peak disappeared and the βc-, αa-, and βa-loss peaks shifted to lower temperatures and showed an increase in their peak heights. The αc-loss peak of the highly acetylated samples merged into the αa-loss peak. There was also a linear relation between the density and the temperature of the βa-loss peak for the partially acetylated samples. These results are discussed in terms of the disordering of the crystalline structure, breakdown of the hydrogen bonds, and increase in the local mobility of the chain segments by partial acetylation.
The effects of gas phase convection on mass transfer in spin coating

The thickness uniformity of photoresist films deposited by spin coating critically influences the resolution of photolithography. This thickness uniformity depends on uniform evaporation from the film during drying. Simple scaling arguments demonstrate that, if the mass transfer coefficient at the surface of the wafer does not vary with radial position, then the dry coated resist film thickness will be independent of radial position. A model is presented for the compressible, laminar, steady‐state, axisymmetric air flow in a spin coating apparatus for 6‐in. ‐diam wafers. Flow fields computed by a finite‐element–Newton method are used to evaluate the radial profile of the mass transfer coefficient at the surface of the rotating wafer, and to calculate the trajectories of particles that are generated as photoresist is flung from the edge of the spinning wafer. At a spin speed of 2000 revolutions/min and exhaust flow rate of 100 l/min through the coater, the calculations predict that the mass transfer coeffic.
Interface protocol design: a communication guide for indoor FANET

The present and the future routing protocols in relation to the high throughput requirement, adaptivity to fast-changing link topology and speed makes the choice of routing protocol for unmanned aerial vehicle communication important. Due to this fact, an efficient routing protocol is highly dependent on the nature of the communication link. A flexible solution that presents these features is the use of light fidelity as a communication medium. Therefore, this paper presents the design of an interface protocol for indoor Flying Ad-hoc Network specific routing protocol using light fidelity as a communication link. The interface protocol governs communication when UAV move in a swarm. The architecture, the state machine model is discussed in this paper. Results of the design are validated via simulation using the NS3 in terms of packet delivery ratio and throughput.
Public Sentiment Analysis on Twitter Data during COVID-19 Outbreak

The COVID-19 pandemic, is also known as the coronavirus pandemic, is an ongoing serious global problem all over the world The outbreak first came to light in December 2019 in Wuhan, China This was declared pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11th March 2020 COVID-19 virus infected on people and killed hundreds of thousands of people in the United States, Brazil, Russia, India and several other countries Since this pandemic continues to affect millions of lives, and a number of countries have resorted to either partial or full lockdown People took social media platforms to share their emotions, and opinions during this lockdown to find a way to relax and calm down In this research work, sentiment analysis on the tweets of people from top ten infected countries has been conducted The experiments have been conducted on the collected data related to the tweets of people from top ten infected countries with the addition of one more country chosen from Gulf region, i e Sultanate of Oman A dataset of more than 50,000 tweets with hashtags like #covid-19, #COVID19, #CORONAVIRUS, #CORONA, #StayHomeStaySafe, #Stay Home, #Covid_19, #CovidPandemic, #covid19, #Corona Virus, #Lockdown, #Qurantine, #qurantine, #Coronavirus Outbreak, #COVID etc posted between June 21, 2020 till July 20, 2020 was considered in this research Based on the tweets posted in English a sentiment analysis was performed This research was conducted to understand how people from different infected countries cope with the situation The tweets were collected, preprocessed and then text mining algorithms used and finally sentiment analysis have been done and presented with the results The purpose of this research paper to know about the sentiments of people from COVID-19 infected countries © 2021 All Rights Reserved
Understanding the Quadrupole Mass Filter through Computer Simulation

The main features of the stability diagram for a quadrupole mass filter can be understood qualitatively using two concepts: (i) moderate RF voltages stabilize a trajectory; (ii) large RF voltages destabilize a trajectory. The trajectories of the ions traveling in the quadrupole are readily displayed pictorially for any set of operating conditions. These are computed as a straightforward student exercise, integrating numerically the equations of motion of the ion in the quadrupole electric field. The outcome of these trajectories-whether the ion is transmitted or deflected-allows us to map the stability diagram. The stability diagram reveals how the quadrupole acts as a mass filter and delivers a mass spectrum. The characteristic features of the trajectories are complicated and varied; and they are obtained for each region of the stability diagram. Explanations for some of these features are developed by examining the forces on the ion as it proceeds through the quadrupole.
Effects of Photobiomodulation Therapy (LED 630 nm) on Muscle and Nerve Histomorphometry after Axonotmesis

Peripheral injuries constitute a substantial clinical problem with unsatisfactory treatment. The study’s objective was to analyze the effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on median nerve regeneration and muscle recovery after axonotmesis. Twenty‐four rats were randomized into three groups: control (CG), injury (IG), and LED therapy (LEDG). A 630 ± 20 nm (300‐mW) LED was placed in contact with the skin. One point over the injury site was irradiated for 30 s, delivering 9 J (9 J cm−2). PBMT irradiation was performed once daily for 5 days followed by two‐day interval and then more five consecutive days of treatment. Proximal and distal segments of the nerve and flexors muscles were removed for histomorphometric analysis using H&E staining for muscles and osmium tetroxide for nerves. The myelinated fiber and axon diameter and the myelin sheath thickness were greater in the proximal and distal nerve segments in the LEDG compared to the IG (P ≤ 0.05). The number of myelinated fibers was greater in the distal segment of the LEDG (P ≤ 0.05). The area, circumference, and diameter of the muscle fibers were larger in the LEDG than in the IG (P ≤ 0.05). The PBMT protocol used favored axonal regeneration and muscle recovery.
Kinetic approach to the chemical speciation of trace metals in soils

The reactivity of trace metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu) present in two polluted soils was studied using two extractants, EDTA and hydroxylamine. As the classical chemical speciation of trace metals in soils when using these reagents seems to be unreliable (readsorption phenomena, non-selectivity of chemical reagents, soil/solution ratio, etc.), we applied two different kinetic approaches to the results in order to determine the speciation of trace metals in the two soil samples studied. The advantages of and problems with these approaches are discussed.
Anaphoric Binding: an integrated overview

The interpretation of anaphors depends on their antecedents as the semantic value that an anaphor eventually conveys is co-specified by the value of its antecedent. Interestingly, when occurring in a given syntactic position, different anaphors may have different sets of admissible antecedents. Such differences are the basis for the categorization of anaphoric expressions according to their anaphoric capacity, being important to determine what are the sets of admissible antecedents and how to represent and process this anaphoric capacity for each type of anaphor.
Learning Feature Weights using Reward Modeling for Denoising Parallel Corpora

Large web-crawled corpora represent an excellent resource for improving the performance of Neural Machine Translation (NMT) systems across several language pairs. However, since these corpora are typically extremely noisy, their use is fairly limited. Current approaches to deal with this problem mainly focus on filtering using heuristics or single features such as language model scores or bi-lingual similarity. This work presents an alternative approach which learns weights for multiple sentence-level features. These feature weights which are optimized directly for the task of improving translation performance, are used to score and filter sentences in the noisy corpora more effectively. We provide results of applying this technique to building NMT systems using the Paracrawl corpus for Estonian-English and show that it beats strong single feature baselines and hand designed combinations. Additionally, we analyze the sensitivity of this method to different types of noise and explore if the learned weights generalize to other language pairs using the Maltese-English Paracrawl corpus.
Latent Space Explorations of Singing Voice Synthesis using DDSP

Machine learning based singing voice models require large datasets and lengthy training times. In this work we present a lightweight architecture, based on the Differentiable Digital Signal Processing (DDSP) library, that is able to output song-like utterances conditioned only on pitch and amplitude, after twelve hours of training using small datasets of unprocessed audio. The results are promising, as both the melody and the singer's voice are recognizable. In addition, we present two zero-configuration tools to train new models and experiment with them. Currently we are exploring the latent space representation, which is included in the DDSP library, but not in the original DDSP examples. Our results indicate that the latent space improves both the identification of the singer as well as the comprehension of the lyrics. Our code is available at https://github.com/juanalonso/DDSP-singing-experiments with links to the zero-configuration notebooks, and our sound examples are at https://juanalonso.github. io/DDSP-singing-experiments/ .
Smooth nonnegative tensor factorization for multi-sites electrical load monitoring

The analysis of load curves collected from smart meters is a key step for many energy management tasks ranging from consumption forecasting to customers characterization and load monitoring. In this contribution, we propose a model based on a functional formulation of nonnegative tensor factorization and derive updates for the corresponding optimization problem. We show on the concrete example of multi-sites load curves disaggregation how this formulation is helpful for 1) exhibiting smooth intraday consumption patterns and 2) taking into account external variables such as the outside temperature. The benefits are demonstrated on simulated and real data by exhibiting a meaningful clustering of the observed sites based on the obtained decomposition.
Low-Overhead Fault-Tolerant Quantum Error Correction with the Surface-GKP Code

Fault-tolerant quantum error correction is essential for implementing quantum algorithms of significant practical importance. In this work, we propose a highly effective use of the surface-GKP code, i.e., the surface code consisting of bosonic GKP qubits instead of bare two-dimensional qubits. In our proposal, we use error-corrected two-qubit gates between GKP qubits and introduce a maximum likelihood decoding strategy for correcting shift errors in the two-GKP-qubit gates. Our proposed decoding reduces the total CNOT failure rate of the GKP qubits, e.g., from $0.87\%$ to $0.36\%$ at a GKP squeezing of $12$dB, compared to the case where the simple closest-integer decoding is used. Then, by concatenating the GKP code with the surface code, we find that the threshold GKP squeezing is given by $9.9$dB under the the assumption that finite-squeezing of the GKP states is the dominant noise source. More importantly, we show that a low logical failure rate $p_{L}<10^{-7}$ can be achieved with moderate hardware requirements, e.g., $291$ modes and $97$ qubits at a GKP squeezing of $12$dB as opposed to $1457$ bare qubits for the standard rotated surface code at an equivalent noise level (i.e., $p=0.36\%$). Such a low failure rate of our surface-GKP code is possible through the use of space-time correlated edges in the matching graphs of the surface code decoder. Further, all edge weights in the matching graphs are computed dynamically based on analog information from the GKP error correction using the full history of all syndrome measurement rounds. We also show that a highly-squeezed GKP state of GKP squeezing $\gtrsim 12$dB can be experimentally realized by using a dissipative stabilization method, namely, the Big-small-Big method, with fairly conservative experimental parameters. Lastly, we introduce a three-level ancilla scheme to mitigate ancilla decay errors during a GKP state preparation.
Preregistering NLP research

Preregistration refers to the practice of specifying what you are going to do, and what you expect to find in your study, before carrying out the study. This practice is increasingly common in medicine and psychology, but is rarely discussed in NLP. This paper discusses preregistration in more detail, explores how NLP researchers could preregister their work, and presents several preregistration questions for different kinds of studies. Finally, we argue in favour of registered reports, which could provide firmer grounds for slow science in NLP research. The goal of this paper is to elicit a discussion in the NLP community, which we hope to synthesise into a general NLP preregistration form in future research.
ILGAR In2S3 buffer layers for Cd‐free Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 solar cells with certified efficiencies above 16%

In2S3 buffer layers have been prepared using the spray ion layer gas reaction deposition technique for chalcopyrite‐based thin‐film solar cells. These buffers deposited on commercially available Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 absorbers have resulted in solar cells with certified record efficiencies of 16.1%, clearly higher than the corresponding CdS‐buffered references. The deposition process has been optimized, and the resulting cells have been studied using current–voltage and quantum efficiency analysis and compared with previous record cells, cells with a thermally evaporated In2S3 buffer layer and CdS references. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The inhibition of Src kinase suppresses the production of matrix metalloproteinases in from synovial fibroblasts and inhibits MAPK and STATs pathways

Background/aim The purpose of this study was to investigate the antiarthritic potentials of the inhibition of Src kinase in vivo and in vitro settings. Materials and methods Arthritis was induced by intradermal injection of chicken type II collagen combined with incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (collagen induced arthritis [CIA] model) in Wistar albino rats. One day after the onset of arthritis, dasatinib, a potent Src kinase inhibitor, (5 mg/kg/day) was given via oral gavage. Tissue Src, Fyn, MAPK and STAT mRNA expressions were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. On the other hand, fibroblast like synoviocytes (FLSs) were harvested patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) undergoing surgical knee joint replacement. FLSs were stimulated with cytokines and dasatinib was added in different concentrations. MMP –1, –3, and –13 levels in FLSs culture were determined by ELISA. Results The tissue mRNA expressions of Src, Fyn, MAPK and STATs were increased in the arthritis CIA group compared to the control group. Their mRNA expressions in the CIA + dasatinib group were decreased and similar in the control group. In in vitro setting, MMP –1, –3, and –13 expressions from FLSs induced by IL-1β and TNF-α were increased, while dasatinib suppressed their productions from FLSs. Conclusion The present study shows that the inhibition of Src kinase has antiarthritic potentials in both in vivo and in vitro settings. Src kinase inhibition may be candidate to further research in human RA.
Multihydroxy Polymer-Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis, Derivatization, and Metal Loading

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were oxidized with concentrated HNO3 and H2SO4 to introduce carboxylic groups onto MWNT surfaces. The oxidized MWNTs were reacted subsequently with thionyl chloride, glycol, and 2-bromo-2-methylpropionyl bromide, producing MWNT-based macroinitiators, MWNT-Br, for the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of glycerol monomethacrylate (GMA). In the presence of N,N,N‘,N‘ ‘,N‘ ‘-pentmethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA)/Cu(I)Br, hydroxyl-functional polyGMA, with weight concentration of ca. 50−90%, was successfully grown from the MWNT surface. Comparative experiments, with MWNT-Br and ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate as co-initiators, showed that (1) the presence of free initiator has no significant effect on the nanotube-surface initiating polymerizations, (2) both the polymer content grafted on the nanotubes (46−88 wt %) and the number-average molecular weight (Mn) of free polymer (3000−17 000) can be efficiently controlled by adjusting the feed ratio of monomer to co-initiator.
The underground life of homeodomain-leucine zipper transcription factors.

Roots are the anchorage organs of plants, responsible for water and nutrient uptake, exhibiting high plasticity. Root architecture is driven by the interactions of biomolecules, including transcription factors (TFs) and hormones that are crucial players regulating root plasticity. Multiple TF families are involved in root development; some, such as ARFs and LBDs, have been well characterized, whereas others remain less investigated. In this review, we synthesize the current knowledge about the involvement of the large family of homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) TFs in root development. This family is divided into four subfamilies (I to IV), mainly according to structural features, such as additional motifs aside from HD-Zip, as well as their size, gene structure, and expression patterns. We explored and analyzed public databases and the scientific literature regarding HD-Zip TFs in Arabidopsis and other species. Most members of the four HD-Zip subfamilies are expressed in specific cell types and several ones from each group have assigned functions in root development. Notably, a high proportion of the studied proteins are part of intricate regulation pathways involved in primary and lateral root growth and development.
Measuring reciprocity in a directed preferential attachment network

Abstract Empirical studies (e.g. Jiang et al. (2015) and Mislove et al. (2007)) show that online social networks have not only in- and out-degree distributions with Pareto-like tails, but also a high proportion of reciprocal edges. A classical directed preferential attachment (PA) model generates in- and out-degree distributions with power-law tails, but the theoretical properties of the reciprocity feature in this model have not yet been studied. We derive asymptotic results on the number of reciprocal edges between two fixed nodes, as well as the proportion of reciprocal edges in the entire PA network. We see that with certain choices of parameters, the proportion of reciprocal edges in a directed PA network is close to 0, which differs from the empirical observation. This points out one potential problem of fitting a classical PA model to a given network dataset with high reciprocity, and indicates that alternative models need to be considered.
Performance Exploration of Virtualization Systems

Virtualization has gained astonishing popularity in recent decades. It is applied in several application domains, including mainframes, personal computers, data centers, and embedded systems. While the benefits of virtualization are no longer to be demonstrated, it often comes at the price of performance degradation compared to native execution. In this work, we conduct a comparative study on the performance outcome of VMWare, KVM, and Docker against compute-intensive, IO-intensive, and system benchmarks. The experiments reveal that containers are the way-to-go for the fast execution of applications. It also shows that VMWare and KVM perform similarly on most of the benchmarks.
Zeros with multiplicity, Hasse derivatives and linear factors of general skew polynomials

Abstract In this work, multiplicities of zeros of skew polynomials are studied. Two distinct definitions are considered: First, a is said to be a zero of F of multiplicity r if divides F on the right; second, a is said to be a zero of F of multiplicity r if some skew polynomial having as its only right zero, divides F on the right. Neither of these two notions implies the other for general skew polynomials. We show that, in the first case, Lam and Leroy’s concept of P-independence does not behave naturally, whereas a union theorem still holds. In contrast, we show that P-independence behaves naturally for the second notion of multiplicities. As a consequence, we provide extensions of classical commutative results to general skew polynomials. These include: (1) The upper bound on the number of (P-independent) zeros (counting multiplicities) of a skew polynomial by its degree, and (2) The equivalence of P-independence, Hermite interpolation and the invertibility of confluent Vandermonde matrices (for which we introduce skew polynomial Hasse derivatives).
Neutral pion reconstruction using machine learning in the experiment at 〈E ν〉 6 GeV

This paper presents a novel neutral-pion reconstruction that takes advantage of the machine learning technique of semantic segmentation using MINERvA data collected between 2013–2017, with an average neutrino energy of 6 GeV. Semantic segmentation improves the purity of neutral pion reconstruction from two γs from 70.7 ± 0.9% to 89.3 ± 0.7% and improves the efficiency of the reconstruction by approximately 40%. We demonstrate our method in a charged current neutral pion production analysis where a single neutral pion is reconstructed. This technique is applicable to modern tracking calorimeters, such as the new generation of liquid-argon time projection chambers, exposed to neutrino beams with 〈E ν〉 between 1–10 GeV. In such experiments it can facilitate the identification of ionization hits which are associated with electromagnetic showers, thereby enabling improved reconstruction of charged-current νe events arising from νμ → νe appearance.
Normal growth variance by Z scores should be considered when interpreting the growth inhibitory effect of inhaled corticosteroids

Randomized clinical trials suggest that long‐term inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) treatment significantly inhibits growth velocity (GV) assessed by centimeters/year (cm/year) in primarily prepubescent, mild asthmatics. However, several observational studies measuring normal growth variance by Z score suggest the absence of the ICS inhibitory effect.