Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
The Evolution and Emergence of Plant Viruses; Past, Present and Future

Evolution of virus is very closely associated with domestication which gives rise to many disease attributes of an agricultural origin. The unrivaled human population densities, domesticated animals and plants in which efficient transmission rates were possible provided new pools for viral disease. The combination of proximity of species as domesticates came into contact with others, each other and indigenous wild species in new environments facilitated the transfer of diseases between species, often with an associated increased virulence in the adopted host. While this process has long been appreciated as an origin of many plant diseases, more recently it has become apparent that the origins of many domesticated plant diseases are recent, and can be categorized into three principal time periods of origin (Jones, 2009; Gibbs et al., 2010).
INVESTIGACIÓN & DESARROLLO, Vol. 20, No. 1: 5 – 22 (2020)

Three plants collected at the Zongo Valley were evaluated for textile dyeing applications. The species selected were extracted following acidic and basic procedures to obtain colored samples, that were submitted to direct and indirect (with mordents) dyeing techniques. In all experiments the need of a mordant was observed and the type of chemical mordant was identified. In each work, the strength of the fabric’s dye with the natural colorant was evaluated using a series of washing, rinsing, drying, ironing and exposure to sun light protocols. It was found that the acidic extract of Brachyotum microdon (flowers) needs Al2(SO4)3 to dye the fabric with a red cabernet tone, while the basic extract fixes the fabric with a brown color with FeCl3 and green with FeSO4. The acid extract of the stems of Souroubea fragilis dyed the fabric with a light orange color when Al2(SO4)3 was used as a mordent, while the basic extract provided brown tones thanks to CuSO4 or FeSO4. Finally, the acidic extract of Fuchsia boliviana (flowers and fruits) gave a pale rose and a green tinting with Al2(SO4)3 and FeCl3, respectively. The basic extract of this plant provided a green dyeing with CuSO4 and orange shading with FeCl3. Different types of fabrics were evaluated, and the best dyeing results were observed with cotton. All the extracts studied presented antioxidant and photoprotector activities. The acidic extract of Brachyotum microdon (flowers) showed 82.5% of inhibition at 10μg/ml against DPPH and it absorbed the harmful UV B radiation. The acidic extract of Fuchsia boliviana (flowers and fruits) gave an 86.7% of inhibition at 10μg/ml against DPPH and it also absorbed the damaging UV B radiation. Finally, the acidic extract of Souroubea fragilis (stems) presented 92.1% of inhibition at 100μg/ml against DPPH and it absorbed both UV-B and UV-A radiations.
Face detection accuracy study based on race and gender factor using Haar cascades

— Object recognition on images is very often used in modern life. Many factors greatly affect the accuracy of detection and recognition. Belonging to a particular gender or race is one of them. This article develops a methodology that allows evaluating algorithm for this identification, as well as evaluating the impact of the training sample on the detection result. The results stability when detecting Haar cascades to a data set of human biological characteristics was considered. Special attention was paid to finding the necessary stages of the methodology, searching for the values of the algorithm parameters, selecting a training sample, and obtaining results with an optimal detection accuracy. The most detected class by Haar cascades was European Man with a score of 11/12 The best detection result was shown by the cascades "frontalface_alt", "frontalface_alt2" and "eye_tree_eyeglasses" with an accuracy of 5/6.
Evaluation of Anti-tumour Effect of Withaferin A Using Molecular Markers in a Rat Model of Mammary Carcinogenesis

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in humans all over the world. In developing countries breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women, representing 23 % of the total cancer cases and it is the most leading cause of cancer death representing 14 % of the cancer mortality (Jemal et al., 2011). In India, breast cancer is the second most common cancer after cervix, where 70,000 new cases of breast cancer are reported every year (Hortobagyi et al., 2005).
Investigation of Liver Cancer Cell Response to Cryoablation and AdjunctiveBased Cryo Chemotherapy

Kimberly L. Santucci1, Kristi K. Snyder1, John G. Baust2,3, Robert G. Van Buskirk1,2,3, John M. Baust*1 1. CPSI Biotech, Owego, NY, USA 2. Center for Translational Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA 3. Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA *Corresponding author: John M. Baust, Ph.D, CPSI Biotech,2 Court St. Owego, NY 13827, USA Received: April 30, 2020; Accepted: May 26, 2020; Published: May 28, 2020
Student placement possibility prediction using Naive Bayes algorithm

The aim of my project is to analyze how we can use available student data to predict the standard of new students and the possibility of their placement. It’s a student assessment on the basis of his academic skills, Innovation, Research, and Development capabilities. Doing this can help students as well as academics to boost students' standards. Also, it helps us to design our course and extra training on the basis of it for maximum benefits to students. For this, we conducted a small survey using Google form survey and collected information about students of different colleges and universities around Chhattisgarh in the Computer science & Engineering Department and Information Technology Department. Creating a dataset for this project is not easy because motivating students to share their information is a challenging task. For predicting the result of student placement possibility we use the dataset prepared from the survey and different types of Naive Bayes Algorithm, which is a Supervised Machine Learning Algorithm. Naive Bayes Classifier is one of the most effective and simplest algorithms to implement for a supervised labeled dataset.
The Boar Sperm Viability in Modifi ed BTS (Beltsville Thawing Solution) in Different Storage

The optimal storage temperature for preserve boar semen is 17-18°C. The temperature fl uctuations can decrease sperm viability. The aim of this study was to obtain a boar semen extender for Artifi cial Insemination (AI) at a certain distance area. The observation was based on the sperm viability in modifi ed Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS) extender in different storage, and the effect of storage system i.e.: room temperature (22°C) and styrofoam box (18°C) were conducted for this purpose. The research used a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factorial i.e.: BTS and M-BTS extender (F1), room temperature and styrofoam box (F2). Semen from three years old Yorkshire boars (n = 3) were collected twice a week by glove hand method. Semen characteristics and their quality were evaluated macro and microscopically. These semen were added with BTS and M-BTS extender up to fourfold volume (ratio 1 : 3). This is based on the assumption of AI dose of 2 3 x 109cells/80ml and the sperm motility and viability were evaluated every six hours for 24 hours observation. The results showed that fresh semen characteristics were good, with the percentage of sperm motility 65.56±2.55% and sperm viability of 87.70±2.87%. The best extender found in this experiment of 24 hours observation was BTS extender with sperm motility 53.33±3.33% in styrofoam box. In conclusion, BTS extender can maintain the quality of spermatozoa stored in styrofoam box for about 24 hours with sperm motility 40%-50%, and the styrofoam box can be used as an alternative container for insemination program in the fi eld.
Spatial Observations and Interpolation

Spatial patterns of hydrological processes are a rich source of variability which in some instances is quite obvious to the observer, as in the case of spatial patterns of a seasonal snow cover; and in other instances is hidden from the eye and very difficult to identify by even the most sophisticated measurement techniques, as is the case with patterns of subsurface preferential flow paths. Part of the richness comes from the diversity in the spatial arrangement of hydrologically relevant variables. It is important to understand this arrangement to design measurement strategies adequately, to interpret the data correctly, to build and/or apply a model of catchment dynamics, and ultimately to use these data in predictions of the hydrological behaviour of catchments. There is a wide spectrum of ‘‘measurement techniques’’ (in a general sense) available for exploring these complex patterns, ranging from traditional stream gauging to remote sensing. Ideally, a measurement technique should be designed to take into account the type of natural variability one would expect to encounter. Depending on the nature of the hydrological variability, certain measurement techniques will be more suitable than others. Measurement techniques that are potentially capable of capturing hydrological patterns differ in terms of their scale and their accuracy. The scale relates to the area and the time that the measurements represent. Point measurements are representative over a small area or volume, such as measurements using Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR), raingauge or infiltrometer measurements. Other measurements average over a larger area or volume, such as runoff data (which averages over a catchment), or remote sensing images where each pixel is representative of a certain area. Many point measurements make up a measured pattern. In fact, most observations of patterns in this book are essentially multiple point measurements. Similarly, in the time domain, measurements can be representative over a very short interval in time (snap shots) such as a single
Diagnostic Criteria and Pitfalls

Mixed-phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) is a heterogeneous category in the World Health Organization classification that comprises acute leukemias with discrete admixed populations of myeloid and lymphoid blasts (‘‘bilineal’’) or with extensive coexpression of lymphoid and myeloid markers in a single blast population (‘‘biphenotypic’’). Flow cytometric findings suggestive of MPAL are often met with consternation by pathologists and oncologists alike, owing to unfamiliarity with the disease and uncertainty about how MPAL fits into established paradigms for treatment of acute leukemia. The purpose of this review is to explain the diagnostic criteria for MPAL, summarize its biological and clinical features, and address common diagnostic pitfalls of these unusual leukemias. (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2017;141:1462–1468; doi: 10.5858/arpa.2017-0218-RA)
Effet de différentes teneurs en acides gras n-3 sur les performances de croissance et la qualité nutritionnelle de la viande de porc

Pour satisfaire aux souhaits des nutritionnistes humains (ANC) qui préconisent un rapport d’acides gras ω6/ω3 égal à 5, il faut rechercher des vecteurs alimentaires susceptibles d’apporter davantage d’ω3 dans l’alimentation humaine. L’effet de taux croissants en ω3 du régime sur les performances de croissance et les qualités nutritionnelles de la viande cuite est étudié. 48 porcs (Large White*Landrace – Piétrain), répartis en 4 lots de 12, ont reçu entre 45 et 105 kg des régimes isolipidiques et isoénergétiques avec des teneurs croissantes en ω3 apportés par l’huile de coprah, de tournesol, de colza ou des graines de lin extrudées. Les performances de croissance ne sont pas modifiées. La teneur la plus élevée en ω3 dans le tissu adipeux ou le muscle Longissimus dorsi est obtenue chez les porcs recevant les graines de lin extrudées, le régime à base de colza est intermédiaire. Le meilleur rapport ω6/ω3 est obtenu avec les graines de lin extrudées. Il est voisin de 4 ce qui correspond aux souhaits des ANC. La cuisson n’a pas altéré les acides gras ω3, la teneur est même augmentée du fait d’une perte en eau et protéines à la cuisson. Il est donc possible d’enrichir naturellement la viande de porc en ω3 après introduction de ces acides gras dans l’alimentation des animaux, ce qui sera bénéfique pour la santé humaine. Actuellement, les graines de lin extrudées sont la source la plus efficace. Il est nécessaire de continuer de chercher d’autres sources potentielles en ω3 pour répondre aux souhaits des ANC.
Adding Value to Parks Through

text by Victor tan images as credited For city dwellers who live in countries endowed with scenic countrysides and landscapes, some travelling would get them away from the urban surroundings. In Singapore, visiting parks is perhaps the most practical way of staying close to nature. The presence of parks contributes to the quality of life in different ways. Besides the environmental and ecological benefits, parks bring notable social and psychological benefits to city dwellers, and are increasingly recognised as an important component of a liveable urban environment.
Optimization of CTAB-based RNA Extraction Method for Aspergillus flavus

Aspergillus species is a filamentous, pervasive saprophytic fungus mainly found in soils and distributed widely across the world. The fungus frequently contaminate various grain and oil seeds crops during preand postharvest (Perrone et al., 2007) period. Aspergillus is a diverse genus with social inequalities and exhibit immense ecological with metabolic differences (Asan, 2004). The priest and botanist Antonio Micheli in 1729 first described the name of Aspergillus due to its corresponding asexual spore-bearing structure called as aspergillum, which is reminded the shape of holy water sprinkler used in some Christian ritual services. Mainly Aspergillus describes the reproductive sexual and asexual cycle of the filamentous fungus. They are filamentous multiracial species mainly found in soil, plant or animal debris and indoor environment (Geiser, 2009).
Invitro Susceptibility test of Staphylococcus species Isolated from Sudanese Anterior Nares to different types of Antibiotics

Antimicrobial resistance can increase the morbidity, mortality and treatment cost of Staphylococcal infections (Hartman etal., 1984). Multi drug resistance in pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria was increasingly documented. These bacteria pose life threatening risks to the hospitalized patients and their caregivers (Jones et al., 2004). Staphylococci are one of the most numerous resistances to many prescribed antibiotics (Mun et al., 2013). Both strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis have accumulated multiple resistance determinants (Archer et al., 1994). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 5 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas. com
Sparse Representation of Image with Immune Clone Algorithm based on Harmonic Wavelet Packet Dictionary

: Sparse representation of image could reduce the amount of original data and facilitate the subsequent processing. When using the redundant dictionary to represent the images, we need to look for an efficient optimal algorithm to seek the optimal atoms. In this paper, an immune clone algorithm for sparse representation of image based on harmonic wavelet packet dictionary is proposed. The proposed algorithm relies on the global optimal search ability of immune clone algorithm to realize the process of looking for optimal atoms. The fitness function for immune clone algorithm is designed and the implementation process for sparse representation is shown. Experimental results show that compared with orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm, the proposed algorithm could improve the computational efficiency while guarantee the reconstruction accuracy.
Wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) on the overgrowing peat bog in Dubravica (north-western Croatia)

Wolf spiders (Araneae: Lycosidae) on the overgrowing peat bog in Dubravica (north-western Croatia). The peat bog in Dubravica is of spread interest due to its overgrowing by the process of natural succession, causing the habitat to become dryer and shadier. The dominance structure and phenology of wolf spiders on the Dubravica bog was studied. The spiders were collected during the period 09.04. -9.10. 1995, using 20 pitfall traps. Altogether 10 lycosid species were found among 723 adult individuals. For six more abundant species phenology graphs are presented. Three species are found to be eudominant: Pardosa lugubris, Trochosa spinipalpis and Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata. The lycosids habitat preferences and dominance structure according the habitat condition and species occurrences on some other European bogs are discussed. 55,2 % caught specimens are hygrophilous species, and only 7,6 % are photophilous. The lycosid fauna and dominance structure does reflect the habitat condition. As overgrowing is not fully progressed yet, the lycosid fauna of this bog is still relatively bog-characteristic.
Investigation of Primary School Teacher Candidates’ Lifelong Learning Tendencies And Emotional Intelligence Levels

Bu arastirmada, sinif ogretmeni adaylarinin yasam boyu ogrenme egilimleri ile duygusal zekâ duzeylerinin incelenmesi ve aralarindaki iliskinin tespit edilmesi amaclanmistir. Iliskisel tarama yontemiyle desenlenen arastirmanin calisma grubunu, Bati Karadeniz Bolgesi’nde yer alan bir universitenin sinif egitimi programinda ogrenim goren birinci, ikinci, ucuncu ve dorduncu sinif ogrencileri olusturmustur. Calisma grubu 343 ogretmen adayindan olusmaktadir. Arastirmada veri toplama araci olarak, Tatar, Tok ve Saltukoglu’nun Turkceye uyarladigi Schutte Duygusal Zekâ Olcegi ve Diker Coskun’un gelistirdigi Yasam Boyu Ogrenme Egilimleri olcegi kullanilmistir. Arastirma sonucunda sinif ogretmeni adaylarinin yasam boyu ogrenme egilimlerinin olcegin tamaminda ve alt boyutlarda ortalamanin uzerinde oldugu gorulmustur. Sinif ogretmeni adaylarinin yasam boyu ogrenme egilimleri, cinsiyet ve sinif degiskenine gore farklilik gostermistir. Sinif ogretmeni adaylarinin duygusal zekâ duzeyleri incelendiginde, olcegin tamaminda ve alt boyutlarda ortalamanin uzerinde bir duzeyde oldugu tespit edilmistir. Duygusal zekâ duzeyleri cinsiyete gore farklilik gostermezken, sinif duzeyine gore bazi boyutlarda farklilastigi gorulmustur. Sinif ogretmeni adaylarinin yasam boyu ogrenme egilimleri ile duygusal zekâ duzeyleri arasinda pozitif yonlu, orta duzeyde bir iliski oldugu tespit edilmistir.
Effect of high CO2 on cold acclimation and deacclimation of three conifers

Atmospheric CO{sub 2} levels are rising, and whether or not this leads to a climate change, high CO{sub 2} is known to have some direct effects of plants. One aspect that has only begun to be explored is possible effects on cold hardiness. Well adapted woody plants can tolerate the lowest temperatures to which they may be exposed at all times of the year. Every year temperate and boral woody plants must cold harden in a timely manner in autumn, become hardy enough to withstand the coldest winter temperatures, and not lose their hardiness prematurely in the spring. The authors objective was to determine the effect of elevated CO{sub 2} on cold acclimation and deacclimation of three commercially important conifers. Seedlings of three conifers were cold hardened and dehardened in growth rooms under 350 or 700 ppm CO{sub 2}. High CO{sub 2} had little effect on cold hardiness of radiata pine, but increased autumn and spring hardiness of Douglas-fir. High CO{sub 2} increased hardiness of ponderosa pine in autumn and decreased it in the spring.
Hybrid technique of data security by ECS (Encryption, Compression, Steganography)

The security of confidential data has long been a serious concern, and as a result, data security is in huge demand. Data is considered an important aspect of an asset and must be protected. Data Protection comprises data integrity, data authenticity, data confidentiality, and then some. Data is prone to possible security risks despite several measures for protecting data including steganography, encryption, and compression. The great reason is the disadvantages of these particular methods when certain factors are taken into account. Cryptography provides security, but it is expensive when time and space are considered. Compression methods encrypt data and save disk space, but attackers can easily decompress these compressed files. Steganography is a technique that hides data, does not encrypt it, and also has its advantages and disadvantages. This article details the approaches to data protection (compression, steganography, and compression) and their possible pros and cons. An extensive comparison between these techniques was generated and as a result, a hybrid approach called ECS (Encryption, Compression, and Steganography) was proposed. The proposed method utilizes particular approaches to overcome the limitations of existing techniques while also maintaining low complexity and minimal complexity and rich data security.
UV B-Induced Vertical Migrations of Cyanobacteria in a Microbial Mat

Exposure to moderate doses of UV B (0.35 to 0.79 W m(sup-2) s(sup-1) or 0.98 to 2.2 (mu)mol of photons m(sup-2) s(sup-1) at 310 nm) caused the surface layers of microbial mats from Solar Lake, Sinai, Egypt, to become visibly lighter green. Concurrent with the color change were rapid and dramatic reductions in gross photosynthesis and in the resultant high porewater oxygen concentrations in the surface layers of the mats. The depths at which both maximum gross photosynthesis and maximum oxygen concentrations occurred were displaced downward. In contrast, gross photosynthesis in the deeper layers of the mats increased in response to UV B incident upon the surface. The cessation of exposure to UV B partially reversed all of these changes. Taken together, these responses suggest that photoautotrophic members of the mat community, most likely the dominant cyanobacterium Microcoleus chthonoplastes, were migrating in response to the added UV B. The migration phenomenon was also observed in response to increases in visible radiation and UV A, but UV B was ca. 100-fold more effective than visible radiation and ca. 20-fold more effective than UV A in provoking the response. Migrating microorganisms within this mat are apparently able to sense UV B directly and respond behaviorally to limit their exposure to UV. Because of strong vertical gradients of light and dissolved substances in microbial mats, the migration and the resultant vertical redistribution of photosynthetic activity have important consequences for both the photobiology of the cyanobacteria and the net primary productivity of the mat ecosystem.
Input to verb learning: Evidence for the plausibility of syntactic bootstrapping

The theory of syntactic bootstrapping proposes that children use the syntactic frames in which verbs are presented as a source of information about their meaning. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which maternal type and diversity of verb frames are consistent with the requirements of that theory. The uses of 25 common verbs in the speech of 57 mothers to their 1- to 2-year-old children were tabulated and parsed for syntactic frame. Analyses revealed 2 major findings concerning the use of verbs in child-directed speech : (a) Verbs in different semantic categories appear in different syntactic environments, and (b) individual verbs are distinguished by the set of frames in which they appear. These findings support the plausibility of the syntactic bootstrapping hypothesis by demonstrating that children's input provides the structural cues to verb meaning that the syntactic bootstrapping procedure requires.