Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Classification Rule Mining Based Software Defect Prediction

There has been rapid growth of software development. Due to various causes, the software comes with many defects. In Software development process, testing of software is the main phase which reduces the defects of the software. If a developer or a tester can predict the software defects properly then, it reduces the cost, time and effort. In this paper, we show a comparative analysis of software defect prediction based on classification rule mining. We propose a scheme for this process and we choose different classification algorithms. Showing the comparison of predictions in software defects analysis. This evaluation analyzes the prediction performance of competing learning schemes for given historical data sets (NASA MDP Data Set). The result of this scheme evaluation shows that we have to choose different classifiers rule for different data set.
A comparative survey of computer graphics applications in mechanical design.

Current applications of computer graphics 1n mechanical engineering design are reviewed. The organization of numerical 3-D wireframe geometric models 1s related to both data requirements and model completeness. Typical data base formats are described for both hierarchical and list-oriented forms. A basic turnkey system structure is then Introduced, principal hardware and software components and display device-independence. The characteristics of current display technologies are compared for engineering applications in design, drafting and analysis. The basic wireframe graphics procedures for Image generation then are developed from this foundation, including clipping and projection. A generalized image generation process 1s described for the production of arbitrarily scaled and rotated single and multiple related sets of views from 3-D model data. The way these basic principles combine 1n the interaction between operator and machine 1s then examined. Implications of both menu-oriented and command language-based systems are described in terms of engineering requirements and operator convenience. Uses of graphical Interaction in the specification of system commands and model geometric data are described in their relation to model construction techniques. Common economics In model construction afforded by referencing and transforming existing data dre discussed. Finally, the implications of integrated engineering design, analysis and manufacturing are examined regarding computing requirements and the accessibility of the geometric model data base. 1.0 Numerical Wireframe Geometric Modeling General-purpose 3-D computer graphics systems depend on the existence of numerical models'which describe the geometric configuration of arbitrary 3-D objects. In nearly all current systems so-called wire-form or wireframe models are used. Here the locations of points and lines are specified relative to a 3dimensional cartesian coordinate system, alternately referred to by the names wonJLd % ab&otutt ormodzl coordinates. The origin of this coordinate system, the direction of its axes and frequently the units of measurement can be freely chosen in most current systems to present conditions most convenient for a particular object. 1.1 Numerical Techniques The size of the 3-D modeling space 1s limited by the forms of Internal data representation that are supported by the host computer. Systems running on smaller machines often use integer data types, while some more recent versions using 32-bit processors have Implemented floating-point data types. In both cases, the maximum and minimum coordinate values are restricted by the number of bits used to represent them. For example, in one system which uses 24-b1t Integers to represent coordinate values, the corresponding range of representable values in two's
Aspect Orientation andObject Orientation ofControl Application Codefor Distributed Control Systems inTORERO

Theapplication ofdistributed control systems isone ofthemaintrends incurrent automation. Here, besides theprogramming ofthecontrol application codeand itsfunctional allocation tospecific devices, an important pointis the implementation of communication related codetoexploit theunderlying communication platform andrealise thecollaboration ofthedistributed control application code. Duetothereal-timeliness andeventime-criticality ofcontrol applications, thecorrect handling ofrealtimeconstraints hastobeconsidered. Thispaper presentstwo approaches for integrating communication related codeintodistributed control application code. Oneintegration method isbased ontheapplication of AspectJ, an extension for aspect-oriented programming with Java, andtheother method isbased on ordinary object orientation applying standard design patterns. This workispartoftheresearch project TORERO, which wasfunded bytheEuropean Commission under theISTprogram.
Literature as a Network: Creative-Writing Scholarship in Literary Magazines

With the increase in undergraduate and graduate programs for creative writing at institutions of higher education in North America, literary journals and magazines now serve as leading scholarly publishing outlets and research resources for creative-writing faculty and students. This study analyzes ten years of citations from nineteen leading print and digital literary journals to examine the publication frequencies of academically affiliated writers and the representative strength of such writers in various literary genres. Through the citation analysis, the study proposes that library support of scholarship for the discipline of creative writing in literary magazines can be achieved by promoting broader discovery and user access to literary magazines in library collections and revised collection development strategies to strengthen the representation of literary journals in academic library collections.
Synthesis of Nanostructured Metals and Metal Alloys from Organometallics

Abstract Techniques for the fabrication of nanostructured materials are outlined. This review covers the synthesis of nanostructured metals (Fe, Co, Ni) and metal alloys (Fe–Co, Pt–Pd, M50 steel) from corresponding organometallic precursors by various methods such as thermal decomposition, ultrasonic irradiation, chemical vapor deposition, laser pyrolysis, and reduction.
Pauses and the temporal structure of speech

Natural-sounding speech synthesis requires close control over the temporal structure of the speech flow. This includes a full predictive scheme for the durational structure and in particuliar the prolongation of final syllables of lexemes as well as for the pausal structure in the utterance. In this chapter, a description of the temporal structure and the summary of the numerous factors that modify it are presented. In the second part, predictive schemes for the temporal structure of speech ("performance structures") are introduced, and their potential for characterising the overall prosodic structure of speech is demonstrated.
Recent Advances in Bioorthogonal Reactions for Site-Specific Protein Labeling and Engineering

Abstract In the past two decades, with the rapid development of chemical biology, tremendous small-molecule based toolkits were created by organic chemists, and were widely used to study and manipulate proteins in order to dissect their complicated biological functions. This review summarizes some recent progresses of bioorthogonal reactions for site-specific protein labeling and engineering, and highlights the powers of using these methods to study the biological functions of some proteins.
New insights into the molecular mechanisms of general anaesthetics

This paper provides new insights of how general anaesthetic research should be carried out in the future by an analysis of what we know, what we do not know and what we would like to know. I describe previous hypotheses on the mechanism of action of general anaesthetics (GAs) involving membranes and protein receptors. I provide the reasons why the GABA type A receptor, the NMDA receptor and the glycine receptor are strong candidates for the sites of action of GAs. I follow with a review on attempts to provide a mechanism of action, and how future research should be conducted with the help of physical and chemical methods.
Role Of Middleware For Internet Of Things: A Study

Internet of Things (IoT) has been recognized as a part of future internet and ubiquitous computing. It creates a true ubiquitous or smart environment. It demands a complex distributed architecture with numerous diverse components, including the end devices and application and association with their context. This article provides the significance of middleware system for (IoT). The middleware for IoT acts as a bond joining the heterogeneous domains of applications communicating over heterogeneous interfaces. First, to enable the better understanding of the current gap and future directions in this field a comprehensive review of the existing middleware systems for IoT is provided here. Second, fundamental functional blocks are proposed for this middleware system, and based on that feature wise classification is performed on the existing IoT-middleware. Third, open issues are analyzed and our vision on the research scope in this area is presented.
Spectroscopic and magnetic studies of ferric iron hydroxy sulfates: the series Fe(OH)SO_4·nH_2O and the jarosites

Optical and infrared absorption and magnetic susceptibility data are reported for the ferric iron hydroxy sulfate minerals and compounds: basic iron sulfate, Fe(OH)SO_4; butlerite, Fe(OH)SO_4. 2H2_O; parabutlerite, Fe(OH)SO4_. 2H_2O; fibroferrite, Fe(OH)SO_4. 5H_2O; jarosite, KFe_3(SO_4)_2(OH)_6; and stewartite, MnFe_2(H_2O)_6(OH)_2(PO_4)_2. The relationships among intensity of color, indices of refraction, pleochroism, anti ferromagnetic interaction among Fe^(3+) ions, and structure are discussed for 7 Ā corner-linked chain structures and the two-dimensional Fe^(3+) sheets of the jarosites. For all of these compounds the greatest intensity of the Fe^(3+) absorption bands and the highest refractive index occur when the vibration direction of the incident light is aligned with the cation chains or in the plane of the jarosite sheets. The ligandfield absorption band intensities of all of these compounds are enhanced up to two orders of magnitude above what they are in magnetically dilute compounds.
Recognizing Numeric, Alphabets and Special Characters by Pattern Recognition using Neural Network

For the process of Pattern Recognition neural network is found to be an effective tool. Different combinations of neural networks are used for this technique. Earlier works are based on only back propagation network but the proposed work is based on the combination of Hopfield network and Back propagation network. The success rate for recognizing known and unknown pattern is relatively very high with this combination of networks when compare to other techniques. As the fault tolerance of the Hopfield network is more than back propagation so the %age accuracy of output of the new combined network should be more as compared to only back propagation network. The objective of the neural network is to transform the inputs into meaningful outputs.The signals are transmitted by the means of connections links. It is inspired by the biological nervous system, such as the brain process
Removal of residual errors from SAR-derived digital elevation models for improved topographic mapping of low-relief areas

Interferometric synthetic aperture radar data can be used to precisely map topography, but low-relief areas are problematic because errors in the data can be large compared to the topographic variations. The NASA/JPL TOPSAR system acquired data over a low-relief test site on the Texas coast in 1996. Due to unusually high turbulence during the acquisition and the mild topography, residual height errors were visible in the digital elevation model (DEM). Characteristics of the error signal are described and a method is outlined for removing the residual error and mosaicking the affected TOPSAR frames.
Finding provenance data in social media

A statement appearing in social media provides a very significant challenge for determining the provenance of the statement. Provenance describes the origin, custody, and ownership of something. Most statements appearing in social media are not published with corresponding provenance data. However, the same characteristics that make the social media environment challenging, including the massive amounts of data available, large numbers of users, and a highly dynamic environment, provide unique and untapped opportunities for solving the provenance problem for social media. Current approaches for tracking provenance data do not scale for online social media and consequently there is a gap in provenance methodologies and technologies providing exciting research opportunities. The guiding vision is the use of social media information itself to realize a useful amount of provenance data for information in social media. This departs from traditional approaches for data provenance which rely on a central store of provenance information. The contemporary online social media environment is an enormous and constantly updated "central store" that can be mined for provenance information that is not readily made available to the average social media user. This research introduces an approach and builds a foundation aimed at realizing a provenance data capability for social media users that is not accessible today.
Semantic Classes in Topic Detection and Tracking

Topic detection and tracking (TDT) is an area of information retrieval research the focus of which revolves around news events. The problems TDT deals with relate to segmenting news text into cohesive stories, detecting something new, previously unreported, tracking the development of a previously reported event, and grouping together news that discuss the same event. The performance of the traditional information retrieval techniques based on full-text similarity has remained inadequate for online production systems. It has been difficult to make the distinction between same and similar events. In this work, we explore ways of representing and comparing news documents in order to detect new events and track their development. First, however, we put forward a conceptual analysis of the notions of topic and event. The purpose is to clarify the terminology and align it with the process of news-making and the tradition of story-telling. Second, we present a framework for document similarity that is based on semantic classes, i.e., groups of words with similar meaning. We adopt people, organizations, and locations as semantic classes in addition to general terms. As each semantic class can be assigned its own similarity measure, document similarity can make use of ontologies, e.g., geographical taxonomies. The documents are compared class-wise, and the outcome is a weighted combination of class-wise similarities.
A modeling framework for hybrid systems

We present a modeling framework for hybrid system. In this paper, a hybrid system is a physical plant together with its hybrid control system. The physical plant is described with an hybrid model. The hybrid control system includes a discrete time controller, a discrete event controller and the necessary interface between the two. The proposed modeling framework is applicated to a tank-conveyer system. <<ETX>>
The behaviour of flip-flops used as synchronizers and prediction of their failure rate

Deals with the behavior of flip-flops, used as input synchronizers, in particular when they operate in the metastable region. It is shown first, theoretically as well as experimentally, that the average rate of system failures, due to the occurrence of metastable states (MSSs), is independent of circuit noise. A formula which describes the probability of occurrence of a metastable state has been derived. To verify the theory, measurements have been made on a flip-flop made in n-channel MOS technology. Also a method is given for predicting the average number of system failures, for a given flip-flop, occurring over a year. This method is applied to predict this average failure rate for the designed synchronizer.
SAS ® Tools for Working with Dataset-XML files

Dataset-XML defines a new CDISC XML standard format for transporting tabular data in XML between any two entities. That is, in addition to supporting the transport of data sets as part of a submission to the FDA, it may also be used to facilitate other data interchange use cases. For example, the Dataset-XML data format can be used by a CRO to transmit SDTM or ADaM data sets to a sponsor organization. Dataset-XML supports SDTM, ADaM, and SEND CDISC data sets but can also be used to exchange any other type of tabular data set. In 2014 the FDA conducted a pilot to evaluate Dataset-XML as a solution to the challenges of the SAS XPORT v5 transport format. The metadata for a data set contained within a CDISC Dataset-XML document must be specified using the CDISC DefineXML standard. Each CDISC Dataset-XML document contains data for a single data set, but a single CDISC Define-XML file describes all the data sets included in the folder. Both CDISC Define-XML v1.0 and CDISC Define-XML v2.0 are supported for use with CDISC Dataset-XML. This paper will introduce the Dataset-XML standard and present SAS based tools to transform between SAS data sets and Dataset-XML documents, including validation. This paper assumes that the reader is familiar with some basic XML concepts, and also with the CDISC Define-XML standard for exchanging metadata. Reference [1] contains both a short overview of the XML needed to understand this paper, and also an overview of the structure of a define.xml file based on Define-XML version 1.0. 0. A detailed overview of differences between CRT-DDS version 1.0. 0 and Define-XML version 2.0. 0 can be found in “Define-XML v2 - What’s New” [2].
Review of Radiologic Physics

As the back cover of this paperback volume explains, this book is intended as a comprehensive review source for radiology registrars preparing for the physics portion of the American Board of Radiology written examination, and for radiographers preparing for the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists certification examination. The strong American accent of this statement might be seen by some potential European purchasers as a reason to mistrust the material presented, but this would be a somewhat short-sighted view as the book succeeds in covering virtually the whole range of diagnostic radiology physics, MRI, ultrasound, nuclear medicine and radiation protection in a compact, `bullet-point' format ideal for the purposes of exam revision. The level of detail presented is fairly uniform across the variety of subjects and it is difficult to see any obvious gaps in the material, but the compact format is probably not suitable as a primary text as the depth of explanation is intentionally limited. Approximately one-third of the page count is taken up with 550 exam practise multi-choice questions complete with answers and explanations, but as these are very specifically modelled on the American examinations at which this book is aimed, they are perhaps of limited use to a non US readership. Similarly, the European reader needs to guard against soaking up American technical standards relating to power supply frequency, TV formats etc, and references to American radiation safety legislation. However, such references are, in general, made clearly enough to avoid confusion. Overall, this review would be a good buy for radiology and radiography students approaching their physics examinations who wish to use a ready-made revision source book, but it does not include a great enough depth of explanation to act as a primary text.
Interactive reference direction approach using implicit parametrization for nonlinear multiobjective optimization

A method for solving nonlinear multiobjective optimization problems is presented. In this interactive method, the dialog with a decision maker takes place in terms of desirable aspiration levels forming a reference point in the objective function space. In the computation phase, a lexicographic subproblem is used to generate a desired number of nondominated solutions. Thus, the decision maker can direct the interactive solution process both by specifying reference points and by setting the number of new solutions to be generated at each iteration. The proposed method gives the decision maker a possibility to investigate any part of the whole nondominated set according to his/her preferences and emphasizes learning possibilities. The functioning of the method is illustrated with a numerical example. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Language barriers, literature usage and the role of reviews: an international and interdisciplinary study

This paper examines the languages in which primary and review literature is read by Dutch and UK Natural Scientists (Biochemists), Engineers (Numerical Control Production Engineers) and Social Scientists (the Study of Work and Occupations). The nature of the language barriers experi enced by each of these six groups is inter-compared, and the roles of translations and review articles in overcoming language barriers are investigated. It is concluded that in subjects where important non- English language primary literatures exist, greater resources should be invested in the identification, translation and publi cation in English of good quality non-English review articles which give extensive coverage of non-English primary litera ture.
The Effects of Professional Development on Early Reading Skills: A Comparison of Two Approaches to Word Solving.

x List of Tables xii List of Figures xiv Chapter 1: Introduction 1 The Role of Word Solving in Reading Development 2 The Code and the Context in Word Solving 4 The Design and Conduct of the Study 5 Importance of the Study 8 Chapter 2: Review of the Literature 12 The Importance of a Generative Approach to Word Identification 12 The Influence of “Scientifically-Based Reading Research” 23 Word Solving and Word Identification Instruction in the Classroom 28 Research on the Use of and Instruction in Word Identification Strategies. 36 Developing Word Solving Skills Within the Context of Multi-Dimensional Interventions in Early Reading 52 Research on the Interactive Strategies Approach (ISA) 66 Professional Development Models and Practices 74 Theory of Action for the Professional Development in this Study 98 Structural Features 99 Core Features 100 Research Goals and Questions 101 Chapter 3: Method 106
BI-CRITERIA THREE STAGE FUZZY FLOWSHOP SCHEDULING WITH TRANSPORTATION TIME AND JOB BLOCK CRITERIA

Scheduling is an enduring process where the existence of real time information frequently forces the review and modification of pre-established schedules. The real world is complex and complexity generally arises from uncertainty. From this prospective the concept of fuzziness is introduced in the field of scheduling. The present paper pertains to a bi-criterion in n-jobs, three machines flowshop scheduling to minimize the makespan and the rental cost of the machines taken on rent under a specified rental policy in which processing time, transportation time are in fuzzy environment and are represented by triangular fuzzy membership function. Further, the concept of job block to represent the relative importance of some jobs over other is also introduced. A heuristic algorithm to find optimal or near optimal sequence optimizing the bi-criteria is discussed. A numerical illustration is given to demonstrate the computational efficiency of proposed algorithm.