Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Do CEO Bonus Plans Serve a Purpose

Given the substantial stock and option portfolios held by most CEOs, much recent literature on CEO incentives regards cash-based bonus plans as largely irrelevant. This begs the question of why nearly all CEO compensation plans include such bonuses. We re-examine the financial incentives provided by bonuses and their role in executive compensation packages. Using detailed data on bonus-plan performance measures, we document that the pay-performance sensitivity of CEO cash compensation is much greater than prior estimates and that cash-based pay provides a substantial portion of many CEOs’ total financial incentives early in their tenure. However, we find little evidence that boards adjust bonus plans over time in response to CEO-specific characteristics, such as the evolution of CEO equity holdings or liquidity needs. This “stickiness” results in growing disparity between the magnitudes of cash- and equity portfolio-based incentives over a typical CEO’s tenure. At the same time, we find evidence that bonus plans appear to consider liquidity and incentive issues for lower-level executives, leading us to conclude that cash-based plans are designed mainly for the overall management team, as well as perhaps new CEOs.
College of American Pathologists Conference XXXI on laboratory monitoring of anticoagulant therapy: laboratory monitoring of oral anticoagulant therapy.

OBJECTIVE To review the state of the art of laboratory monitoring of oral anticoagulant therapy, as reflected by the medical literature and the consensus opinion of recognized experts in the field, and to make recommendations for improvement in laboratory monitoring of oral anticoagulant therapy. DATA SOURCES Review of the medical literature, primarily from the last 10 years, and current laboratory practices by a panel of 8 international experts in the field of oral anticoagulant monitoring. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS After an initial assessment of the literature, key points were identified. Experts were assigned to do an in-depth review of the literature and current practices relevant to each of the key points and to prepare a summary of their findings and recommendations. A draft manuscript was prepared and circulated to every participant in the College of American Pathologists Conference XXXI on Laboratory Monitoring of Anticoagulant Therapy prior to the conference. Each of the key points and associated recommendations was then presented for discussion at the Conference. Recommendations were accepted if a consensus of the 26 experts attending the Conference was reached. The results of the discussion were used to revise the manuscript into its final form. CONCLUSIONS Consensus was reached on 12 recommendations concerning the laboratory monitoring of oral anticoagulant therapy. Detailed discussion of the rationale for each of these recommendations is found in the text of this article. Discussion of points on which consensus was not reached is also included in the text. It is hoped that widespread adoption of these recommendations will further improve the laboratory monitoring of oral anticoagulant therapy.
The element of surprise: appreciating the unexpected in (and through) actor networks

Purpose – This paper seeks to reflect on the importance of surprise in qualitative research on information‐technology initiatives. It also aims to consider how the use of social theory in the context of surprise can help to shape and guide field methods, data transformation, and substantive findings.Design/methodology/approach – The discussion is personal and reflective. The paper considers the significance of surprise surrounding events within two of the authors' own research projects. It also reports on a perusal of the literature for explicit treatments of surprise.Findings – Surprise in qualitative research is twofold. First, the research subjects experience surprise; indeed, surprise appears to be quite prevalent in IT‐related projects. Second, researchers too can be surprised in the course of their own work. Where these two kinds of surprise come together, one can find especially fruitful occasions for insight. In the authors' own projects, the element of surprise helped establish their respective c.
Global Business Strategy: Multinational Corporations Venturing into Emerging Markets

The book, authored by Dr Kazuyuki Motohashi, offers great value to business organizations that wish to expand operations in the emerging markets of countries such as India, China, Brazil, Russia, and Eastern Europe. It highlights cases of businesses that either flourished or sank in these countries. Dr Motohashi, a professor at the University of Tokyo, Japan, gained a wealth of experience while serving in the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) of the Japanese government and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). His rich expertise finds reflection in the real-life case studies detailed in the book, making it an interesting and lucid read. The book’s intended audience includes strategy consultants and business development managers of multinational corporations (MNCs) that wish to penetrate the emerging economics and harness their untapped opportunities.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibition Selectively Alters the Activity and Expression of Cell Cycle Proteins Leading to Specific Chromatin Acetylation and Antiproliferative Effects*

Histone acetylation is emerging as a major regulatory mechanism thought to modulate gene expression by altering the accessibility of transcription factors to DNA. In this study, treatment of human tumor cells with the histone deacetylase inhibitor, trapoxin (TPX), resulted in selective changes in genes that control the cell cycle. TPX activated p21 waf1 transcription that led to elevated p21 waf1 protein levels in three human tumor cell lines without altering the protein levels of cdk2, cdk4, or cyclin B. In addition, TPX increased cyclin E transcription without increasing the levels of Rb, E2F, dihydrofolate reductase, or glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The elevated levels of p21 waf1 protein led to decreased Rb phosphorylation and cdk2 activity. These effects resulted in G1 and G2 cell cycle arrest in H1299 human lung and MDA-MB-435 breast carcinoma cells and apoptosis in A549 lung carcinoma cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that TPX increased the level of chromatin acetylation associated with histone H3 in the trapoxin-responsive region of the p21 waf1 promoter. This study demonstrates that inhibition of HDAC by TPX increases acetylation of H3-associated chromatin and alters gene expression with marked selectivity.
The Determinants of Capital Structure: A Study on Cement Sector of Pakistan

This exploration/study about has been directed to the capital structure of the concrete business Pakistan taking the example of 15 organizations out of the number of population of 22 organizations enrolled on the Karachi stock trade of the period 2012 to 2016. This review utilized the panel least square method of regression through the E-View software to discover the relationship of dependent and independent factors. It has taken leverage as a dependent variable and profitability, growth, firm size, liquidity, tangibility of assets and non- debt tax shield as independent factors. Following outcomes are accomplished after the examination then appeared in this study. The independent factors comprising liquidity and profitability have a substantial effect and contrarily linked with leverage, which implies that if these factors rise leverage will diminish. Additional variable consist of non-debt tax shield plus growth likewise take critical effect and a favorable association which implies that if these two factors surge, leverage will reduce. The remaining two factors measure tangibility of assets and firm size has insignificant effect on leverage that implies that there would not be any effect of change transpires in the factors on leverage.
Compact Multiwavelength Brillouin Fiber Laser by Utilizing EDF as Hybrid Gain Media

We have experimentally demonstrated a compact multiwavelength Brillouin fiber laser by introducing an optical feedback mechanism in the laser configuration. A piece of erbium-doped fiber (EDF) is utilized as both linear gain media and Brillouin gain media. The influence of Brillouin pump power and wavelength, EDF length, and pump power on the laser performance are analyzed and discussed. Up to six Stokes lasing lines are generated, and the Stokes lasing lines show high temporal stability with the maximum power ripple less than 0.45 dB. By shortening the EDF length to 7 m, a dual-wavelength single-longitudinal-mode Brillouin fiber laser is achieved. Microwave signals at 11.02 and 22.04 GHz without disturbing side modes are obtained. This laser has potential applications in microwave generation, Brillouin fiber sensors, and high-speed optical communication.
Culprit lesion thrombus burden after manual thrombectomy or percutaneous coronary intervention-alone in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: the optical coherence tomography sub-study of the TOTAL (ThrOmbecTomy versus PCI ALone) trial.

AIMS Manual thrombectomy has been proposed as a strategy to reduce thrombus burden during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, the effectiveness of manual thrombectomy in reducing thrombus burden is uncertain. In this substudy of the TOTAL (ThrOmbecTomy versus PCI ALone) trial, we compared the thrombus burden at the culprit lesion using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients treated with thrombectomy vs. PCI-alone. METHODS AND RESULTS The TOTAL trial (N = 10 732) was an international, multicentre, randomized trial of thrombectomy (using the Export catheter, Medtronic Cardiovascular, Santa Rosa, CA, USA) in STEMI patients treated with primary PCI. The OCT substudy prospectively enrolled 214 patients from 13 sites in 5 countries. Optical coherence tomography was performed immediately after thrombectomy or PCI-alone and then repeated after stent deployment. Thrombus quantification was performed by an independent core laboratory blinded to treatment assignment. The primary outcome of pre-stent thrombus burden as a percentage of segment analysed was 2.36% (95% CI: 1.73-3.22) in the thrombectomy group and 2.88% (95% CI: 2.12-3.90) in the PCI-alone group (P = 0.373). Absolute pre-stent thrombus volume was not different (2.99 vs. 3.74 mm(3), P = 0.329). Other secondary outcomes of pre-stent quadrants of thrombus, post-stent atherothrombotic burden, and post-stent atherothrombotic volume were not different between groups. CONCLUSION Manual thrombectomy did not reduce pre-stent thrombus burden at the culprit lesion compared with PCI-alone. Both strategies were associated with low thrombus burden at the lesion site after the initial intervention to restore flow.
Social Events Awareness System in Design Environment: an Interactive Public Information Services Provider

This paper is an application of its main project, “Interactive Public Information Services Provider in Design Environment”. The project is based on the ID sensing technology and network services to support the social events, formal/informal communication, data communication, etc. In the paper we emphasize how we can support social events in pervasive computing method. An architect indicates that informal communication is the key to creative ideas in design environment (Henn, 2002). Here we describe how the concept of the main project can support the awareness of social events in design environment. We introduce the awareness system in three parts: (i) Scenarios (ii) Parts in the framework (iii) The design issues in the system.
Effect of Sampling Frequency and Harmonics on Delay-Based Phase-Sequence Estimation Method

This paper investigates issues related to practical implementation of the one-quarter of cycle-based estimation method [here called delayed signal cancellation (DSC)] for online detection of positive and negative sequence components of three-phase quantities. The detection error due to non-ideal sampling frequency is calculated. Furthermore, the effect of the DSC method on estimation when harmonic components are present in the input signal is analyzed. It is shown how harmonics transfer through the DSC and how a non-ideal sampling frequency affects the estimation of the harmonics. Experimental verification of the analytical results is presented.
Practical control methods for vacuum driven soft actuator modules

Vacuum-powered Soft Pneumatic Actuator (V-SPA) Modules have been described to afford advantages for rapid development of reconfigurable, multi-DoF soft pneumatic robots powered by vacuum by reducing their logistical complexity, however they also present new challenges in the control of resulting systems. This framework features modules joined together over a simple embedded pneumatic and serial communication network and requires a unique approach to both low-level control implementation and high-level control strategy. We describe the structure and activation characteristics of a V-SPA Module and present practical methods for its control. These methods utilize software generated PWM activation through a unique serial protocol designed for LED networks and a heuristic mapping strategy for simplifying the spherical control of 3-DoF actuator modules.
A Novel Cooperative Spectrum Sharing Algorithm Based on Optimal Cognitive Radio User Selection

In this paper, we consider the problem of cognitive radio (CR) user selection to maximize overall CR network (CRN) throughput when the available spectrum bandwidth is less than the demand by all CR users. We formulate optimal CR user selection problem. Then, based on approximation of the average received signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) and adaptive modulation and coding (AMC), we estimate the required bandwidth of CR users with different required quality of services (QoSs). Using the principle of optimality, we propose a novel cooperative spectrum sharing algorithm for a CRN. The proposed algorithm not only achieves exhaustive search performance but also its complexity is in the order of N × M versus 2N for exhaustive search, where N is the number of CR users, and M is the spectrum pool size. Extensive simulation results illustrate that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms the existing algorithms that ignore optimal CR user selection. Also, these results illustrate a better fairness criterion than those of previous works.
Surgical Technique of Total Knee Arthroplasty without Soft Tissue Balance

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) without soft tissue balance can create a balanced knee to a mechanical axis of near neutral with bone cuts, and remove osteophytes thoroughly. In this study, the authors present detailed steps for performing TKA. The attached video demonstrates the TKA procedure. The patient is a 77‐year‐old man who had suffered from knee pain for 12 years. Physical examination showed the Apley test to be positive and that the range of motion (ROM) decreased. An X‐ray filmed at the positive lateral of the knee joint and the double lower extremity revealed a progression of degenerative osteoarthritis with genu varum. The key point of no soft tissue release is to make a rectangular extensional space by osteotomy. In addition, the osteophytes, especially syndesmophytes, should be removed thoroughly. As a result, the ligaments can achieve ideal length and the flexion contracture can also be remedied. Moreover, in surgeries without soft tissue release, bone mass and normal tissue are retained. Patients are satisfied to the surgery not only with less blood loss, anterior knee pain and DVT, but also faster rehabilitation. In summary, TKA without soft tissue balance is an efficient procedure for patients with knee osteoarthritis which can result in good prognosis.
Use of the Protease Inhibitor Saquinavir Hard Gel in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-infected Patients in the Early Period of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy: Does it Affect Long-term Treatment Outcome?

Saquinavir hard gel capsule (hgc), the first human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitor (PI) used in clinical practice, has been shown to have insufficient effectiveness. A population-based cohort study assessed the long-term consequences of using saquinavir hgc as initial PI in HIV-infected patients pre-exposed to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. 121 patients starting a regimen with saquinavir hgc were compared with 91 starting with non-boosted indinavir (n=72) or ritonavir (nn=19). Median follow-up time was 4.6 and 4.7 y for the 2 groups. Starting with saquinavir hgc was associated with a lower overall probability of achieving an undetectable viral load [risk ratio (RR) =0.41, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.30–0.56]. However, the lower probability of having undetectable viral load during follow-up declined over time with odds ratios (OR) = 0.27 (95% CI 0.14–0.54), 0.35 (95% CI 0.19–0.66), 0.47 (95% CI 0.24–0.91) and 0.73 (95% CI 0.34–1.55) at 60, 120, 180 and 240 weeks, respectively, after starting HAART. Starting with saquinavir hgc was correlated with a higher risk of having the initial PI discontinued (RR = 1.89, 95% CI 1.39–2.58). The insufficient suppression of viral load in patients starting with saquinavir hgc subsided during follow-up, probably owing to the earlier discontinuation of saquinavir hcg in favour of newer and more potent HAART regimens.
Cut and paste the genome: Genome editing for research and therapy

Genome engineering, or alternatively called 'genome editing,' has been one of the rapidly growing fields of biotech- nology for the last few decades. Scientists are now making targeted modifications of genome in any organism of choice with improved precision. In this mini review, we provide basic, fundamental theory and mechanisms of the well-known genome edit- ing technologies such as zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system. We also discuss its role in the field of genetic research and highlight its therapeutic potential as an indispensable tool for the development of personalized medicine to come in near future.
Gap coupled half circular disk patch antenna using D.G.S for dual-wideband application

This manuscript represents the two half circular gap coupled disk patch antenna stacked with D.G. S. (Defected Ground Structure) for dual-wideband application. The antenna has an overall size of 40.0 × 40.0 × 1.6 mm3 and gives the results of dual band performance. The proposed antenna can be used in military communication, wideband global satellite communication systems (WGS) (9.43-10.08 GHz) and in Airport surface detection equipment (ASDE) (11.75-14.05 GHz). Bandwidth of the first and second band is 6.71% and 17.67% with maximum gain 7.42 dBi. Without D.G. S, it works as a single wideband antenna. The proposed antenna has been analyzed using IE3D electromagnetic solver, which is based on MOM method. The details of the antenna design, mechanism and simulated results are presented.
Process model for data-driven business model generation

Digitalization is advancing fast and at the same time the volume of data is increasing. Examples from industry show that business models using big data can lead to competitive advantages. Currently the number of smart products is rising, which means more data will be available to engineering ompanies. The challenge is to extract additional profits and value from it. The literature review revealed that existing process models and methods for business model generation do not consider data in a distinct way. This paper synthesises existing work on business model generation and experience gained during a case study in an engineering student project to develop additional support for the generation of data-driven business models. The developed business model canvas helps to better outline the data requirements of business models. The developed process model describes the important phases for generating data-driven business models. The results of the case study indicate that the support helps to make the data perspective more visible and leads to new ideas. Furthermore, the support improves the coordination between product and business model development. The paper closes with a outlook.
Loss of 9p21 is embedded in a complex but consistent pattern of genomic imbalances in oral squamous cell carcinomas

35 oral squamous cell carcinomas examined previously by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) exhibited 5 up to 47 copy number alterations (CNAs). 13 of those cases showed a loss of parts of the short arm of chromosome 9, band p21 being affected in all of these cases. A highly complex but strikingly consistent pattern of genomic imbalances with an average 31.5 CNAs per tumor was associated with this deletion, and gains clearly dominated over losses of genomic material. Comparable patterns, however, could also be found in tumors with a high number of CNAs (24 CNAs) but without the deletion. Low numbers of imbalances were accompanied by low consistency of the CNA patterns. None of these latter cases showed the deletion 9p21. 66.7% of the dim(9p21)-positive tumors were of class pT4 (vs. 22% in dim(9p21)-negative cases), 77% of stage III or IV (vs. 47% in the group without the deletion), but only 8% of the dim(9p21)-positive tumors were classified as grade 3 (vs. 41% in the negative group). Other clinicopathologic features like prevalence of relapse, or survival time could not be as clearly associated with the deletion. For instance, short relapse-free survival was clearly associated with a high number of CNAs, rather independent of presence or absence of dim(9p21) in the affected tumor. From these findings it is concluded that previously found associations of 9p21 deletion with clinical parameters can reasonably be estimated only in the context of the pattern and complexity of the genomic imbalances accompanying this chromosomal loss in the examined tumors.
Randomized comparison of the neuroendocrine response to laparoscopic cholecystectomy using either the conventional or abdominal wall lift techniques

Sir I read with interest the paper by Dr Jiang and colleagues (Br J S i i q 1096; 83: 059-64) as 1 also have investigated the biological significance of polyunsaturated fatty acids in modulating the production o f proinflammatory mediators'. They demonstrated the novcl action o f :*-linolenic acid (GLA) which inhibits neutrophil priming by cytokines (tumour necrosis factor x and interleukin 8). Unfortunately. I found a crucial mistake in the second paragraph of their discussion. They stated that 'PGE, [prostaglandin (PG) E,] , ii derivative of arachidonic acid, inhibits neutrophil activation'. However, we must clearly understand that, specifically, dihomo-;,-linolenic acid (DGLA); 2 0 3 n-6 is the precursor o f PGE,, arachidonic acid; 20:4 n-6 is the precursor o f PGE:, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA); 20:s n-3 is that of PGE,. In the response to a variety o f stimuli, DGLA, arachidonic acid, and EPA as precursor fatty acids are released from membrane phospholipids and converted t o eicosanoids that differ in thcir biological action. I t has been shown that the administration o f GLA results in the accumulation o f not only GLA but also DGLA (a metabolite of GLA) in tissue phospholipids'. Therefore, it is possible that their conclusion 'GLA is ;I potential inhibitor of neutrophil priming by cytokines and of the oxidative response' might be associated with the antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities o f PGE,, a derivative of DGLA.