Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Asymmetry in Gate Capacitance&#8211;Voltage$(C$&#8211;$V)$Behavior of Ultrathin Metal Gate MOSFETs With$hboxHfO_2$Gate Dielectrics

Anomalous asymmetry (which here means "beyond that to be expected classically") between accumulation and strong inversion was observed in the measured capacitance-voltage (C-V) curves of metal gate nMOSFETs with ~ 1 nm equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) HfO2 layers and was analyzed and extrapolated to still smaller devices and to pMOS devices using self-consistent Poisson-Schrodinger simulations. The experimental devices were fabricated via atomic layer deposition (ALD) of HfO2 on stress-relieved preoxide (SRPO), followed by tantalum carbon alloy metal gate deposition. Simulations suggest two underlining mechanisms for this anomalous asymmetry, namely 1) differing degrees of quantum mechanical carrier penetration into the dielectric associated with the differing electron and hole barriers and 2) differing degrees of quantum confinement within the substrate, which result from differing electron and hole bandstructures in the Si. Both mechanisms result in greater capacitance when the quantum-confined surface carriers are electrons than when they are holes. Simulations indicate that this effect can produce asymmetries between pMOS and nMOS devices under strong inversion for the same physical gate stack that will become increasingly important as the trend toward smaller devices and use of high-kappa dielectrics continues: perhaps approximately 10% reduction in pMOS strong-inversion capacitance relative to that of nMOS devices for 0.5 nm EOT high-kappa gate stacks
Real-Time Implementation of a Constrained MPC for Efficient Airflow Control in a PEM Fuel Cell

Fuel cells represent an area of great industrial interest due to the possibility to generate clean energy for stationary and automotive applications. It is clear that the proper performance of these devices is closely related to the kind of control that is used; therefore, a study of improved control alternatives is fully justified. The air-supply control is widely used to guarantee safety and to achieve a high performance. This paper deals with this control loop, proposing and comparing two control objectives aimed at satisfying the oxygen starvation avoidance criterion and the maximum efficiency criterion, respectively. The control architecture is based on a constrained explicit model predictive control (MPC) law suitable for real-time implementation due to its low computational demands. The proposed controller is implemented and evaluated on a 1.2-kW polymer electrolyte membrane or proton exchange membrane fuel-cell test bench, thus obtaining real data which show that the maximum efficiency criterion does not conflict with the starvation avoidance criterion and allows system performance improvements of up to 3.46%. Moreover, experimental results utilizing the explicit MPC approach also show improved transient responses compared to those of the manufacturer's control law.
THE IRRATIONALITY OF INTRANSITIVITY

A RECENT discussion of welfare economics 'summarizes the question of transitivity as follows. There is not now conclusive reason to believe that the assumption of transitivity of preference in individual choice is deeply suspect. There are, however, grounds for being willing to make deep empirical investigations into the validity of the assumption'. ' At another point the same author says: 'My conclusions indicate that we currently possess no strong evidence to warrant dropping (the assumption of transitivity). '2 Given the role that transitivity plays in much of the modern literature, and in Rothenberg's book, his attitude towards it seems very defensive. We do not have strong evidence against it; there is no conclusive reason to suspect deeply the assumption. In sum, the evidence against transitivity is not sufficient to condemn it, but Rothenberg is clearly doubtful. In this he is more or less in accord with the bulk of current opinion on the matter. It is the purpose of this article to present a contrary view. It will be argued that the assumption of transitivity is not particularly doubtful or dubious. In view of the apparent suspicion of the assumption by the bulk of modern welfare economists this might seem to be a revolutionary position, but the practice of the same economists has indicated relatively little real doubt of the transitive nature of preference orderings. Article after article has appeared in which this assumption is made, something which would seem to indicate that the writers have at least some confidence in its reliability. Further, the chains of reasoning based upon this assumption do not appear to have led to demonstrably false conclusions about the real world. This fact, in itself, is powerful although not conclusive evidence for the truth of the transitivity assumption. The debate about the assumption of transitivity turns upon the interpretation of certain real world experiences. If an individual is asked to take his choice among a large number of pairs of alternatives, with each alternative appearing as one member of quite a number of the pairs,3 or a large number of people are asked to judge between three alternatives
Better Not Smile At the Price: the Contradictory Role of Brand Anthropomorphization on Price Fairness

The results demonstrate that consumers form more negative attributions of price fairness when a brand is anthropomorphized (vs. non-anthropomorphized) with a price increase (vs. decrease). Consumer self-construal moderates this effect. Inferences of a brand's motive for a price change explain the pattern of results.
Optimal error for Orthogonal Matching Pursuit for μ-coherent dictionaries

In this paper, we investigate the efficiency of some kind of Greedy Algorithms with respect to dictionaries from Hilbert spaces. We establish ideal Lebesgue-type inequality for Orthogonal Matching Pursuit which is also known as the Orthogonal Greedy Algorithm for μ-coherent dictionaries. We show that the Orthogonal Matching Pursuit provides an almost optimal approximation on the first [1/18μ] steps.
Self-Assembled Monopole Antennas With Arbitrary Shapes and Tilt Angles for System-on-Chip and System-in-Package Applications

The design, fabrication and measurement of self-assembled vertical and oblique monopole antennas, are presented. Vertical on-chip antennas offer advantages over conventional on-chip planar antennas, most notably potentially higher efficiency with associated superior coupling between distant and adjacent ports along the direction of the chip plane. The fabrication method enables lithographical specification of the monopole profile and its sloping angle so that the orientation and shape of monopoles can be controlled. The fabrication process uses SU-8 material and is performed under 200°C and is therefore compatible with many commercial microelectronic fabrication processes such as complementary metal-oxide silicon (CMOS) technology. This allows the integration of the antennas with CMOS front ends and other signal processing stages for communications or sensing.
[Application of job demands-resources model in research on relationships between job satisfaction, job resources, individual resources and job demands].

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between job demands, job resourses, personal resourses and job satisfaction and to assess the usefulness of the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model in the explanation of these phenomena. MATERIALS AND METHODS The research was based on a sample of 500 social workers. The "Psychosocial Factors" and "Job satisfaction" questionnaires were used to test the hypothesis. RESULTS The results showed that job satisfaction increased with increasing job accessibility and personal resources (r = 0.44; r = 0.31; p < 0.05). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that job resources and job demands [F(1.474) = 4.004; F(1.474) = 4.166; p < 0.05] were statistically significant sources of variation in job satisfaction. Moreover, interactions between job demands and job resources [F(3,474) = 2.748; p <0.05], as well as between job demands and personal resources [F(3.474) = 3.021; p <0.05] had a significant impact on job satisfaction. The post hoc tests showed that 1) in low job demands, but high job resources employees declared higher job satisfaction, than those who perceived them as medium (p = 0.0001) or low (p = 0.0157); 2) when the level of job demands was perceived as medium, employees with high personal resources declared significantly higher job satisfaction than those with low personal resources (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION The JD-R model can be used to investigate job satisfaction. Taking into account fundamental factors of this model, in organizational management there are possibilities of shaping job satisfaction among employees.
The Appeals Process in the European Commission's Cartel Cases: An Empirical Assessment

The appeals process is an important mechanism to correct legal errors and to improve existing laws and regulations. We use the data of 467 firm groups that participated in 88 cartels convicted by the European Commission between 2000 and 2012 to study both the characteristics of firm groups filing an appeal and the factors that determine their successfulness in terms of fine reduction. Applying a discrete choice and a two‐stage hurdle model, we find that while some characteristics — particularly the reform of the fine guidelines — only affect the probability of filing an appeal, other factors, such as the size of the fine imposed, in connection with characteristics such as ringleader, repeat offender, or leniency applicant, influence both the probability and the success of an appeal. We build on these results to derive conclusions for both firms and public policymakers.
Identification of Lenke Spine Deformity Classification By Simplified 3D Spine Model

The 3D Bezier Curve is used to model the simplified 3D human spine for analyzing and classifying the scoliotic deformity. This 3D spine model is based on two orthogonal spinal radiographic images taken from coronal and sagittal planes. Superimposed on these two images, the 3D Bezier curves are fitted interactively onto the center of the spine from coronal and sagittal images. After the 3D Bezier Curve fitting, a series of simplified 3D vertebrae are implemented onto the 3D Bezier Curve proportional in size to its axis. The Lenke Classification system is applied to this 3D spine model. In order to identify the Lenke Classification for each individual spine model, the left side bending and right side bending images are added. Bending the 3D spine model interactively to the left and right determines the stiffness of the spinal deformity and whether the curves are structural. Thus the Lenke Classification could be determined.
Tanning, Skin Cancer Risk, and Prevention: A Content Analysis of Eight Popular Magazines That Target Female Readers, 1997–2006

The majority of tanning bed users in the U.S. are women. Previous health communication research frequently focused on the risk of skin cancer, but few studies assessed the mediated communication environment that may surround women's beliefs and behaviors relevant to tanning. A content analysis of articles in 8 magazines targeting girls, young women, older women, and women who are interested in fitness during the 10-year period of 1997–2006 was conducted. The amount of coverage of tanning bed use consequences was less than 50% of the coverage of tanning benefits. About 40% of the tanning benefits coverage touted looking healthy. The coverage of prevention methods focused on sunscreen use (55%), whereas the more important methods (e.g., protective clothing use) were rarely featured. Longitudinally, the coverage of the risk- and prevention-relevant issues increased between 1997 and 2006. The data indicate that the coverage of tanning benefits also increased during the same period.
Phosphorylation of Serine 303 Is a Prerequisite for the Stress-Inducible SUMO Modification of Heat Shock Factor 1

ABSTRACT The heat shock response, which is accompanied by a rapid and robust upregulation of heat shock proteins (Hsps), is a highly conserved protection mechanism against protein-damaging stress. Hsp induction is mainly regulated at transcriptional level by stress-inducible heat shock factor 1 (HSF1). Upon activation, HSF1 trimerizes, binds to DNA, concentrates in the nuclear stress granules, and undergoes a marked multisite phosphorylation, which correlates with its transcriptional activity. In this study, we show that HSF1 is modified by SUMO-1 and SUMO-2 in a stress-inducible manner. Sumoylation is rapidly and transiently enhanced on lysine 298, located in the regulatory domain of HSF1, adjacent to several critical phosphorylation sites. Sumoylation analyses of HSF1 phosphorylation site mutants reveal that specifically the phosphorylation-deficient S303 mutant remains devoid of SUMO modification in vivo and the mutant mimicking phosphorylation of S303 promotes HSF1 sumoylation in vitro, indicating that S303 phosphorylation is required for K298 sumoylation. This finding is further supported by phosphopeptide mapping and analysis with S303/7 phosphospecific antibodies, which demonstrate that serine 303 is a target for strong heat-inducible phosphorylation, corresponding to the inducible HSF1 sumoylation. A transient phosphorylation-dependent colocalization of HSF1 and SUMO-1 in nuclear stress granules provides evidence for a strictly regulated subnuclear interplay between HSF1 and SUMO.
Neural Network Learning Adaptive Robust Control of an Industrial Linear Motor-Driven Stage With Disturbance Rejection Ability

In this paper, a neural network learning adaptive robust controller (NNLARC) is synthesized for an industrial linear motor stage to achieve good tracking performance and excellent disturbance rejection ability. The NNLARC scheme contains parametric adaption part, robust feedback part, and radial basis function (RBF) neural network (NN) part in a parallel structure. The adaptive part and the robust part are designed based on the system dynamics to meet the challenge of parametric variations and uncertain random disturbances. It must be noted that in actual industrial machining situations, precision motion equipment is always disturbed by unknown factors, which usually cannot be described by mathematical models but affect the tracking accuracy significantly. Therefore, the RBF NN part is employed to further approximate and compensate the complicated disturbances with high reconstructing accuracy and fast training rate. The stability of the proposed NNLARC strategy is analyzed and proved through the Lyapunov theorem. Comparative experiments under various external disturbances such as completely unknown disturbance added by polyfoam are conducted on an industrial linear motor stage. The experimental results consistently validate that the proposed NNLARC control strategy can excellently meet the challenge of complicated disturbance in practical applications. The proposed scheme also provides a guidance for control strategy synthesis with both good tracking performance and disturbance rejection.
Trilemma or Dilemma: Inspecting the Heterogeneous Response of Local Currency Interest Rates to Foreign Rates

This paper studies the heterogeneous response across countries of local currency interest rates to foreign and domestic factors, thus contributing to the discussion on the policy trilemma in international economics. On average, floaters appear to be less affected by the U.S. in the short run (up to about one year). However, there is large cross-country heterogeneity in the response: floaters that care less about domestic objectives, exhibit stronger fear of floating, or show higher co-cyclicality with the U.S., respond more to foreign rates. This suggests that floating does not necessarily imply a lack of response of local policy rates to foreign ones, but seems to allow independence when needed. Moreover, the effect of foreign rates on the short end of the local interest rate curve seems to operate mainly via the foreign influence on local policy rates, thus suggesting that central banks may be themselves the source of conduit of the 'global credit cycle' discussed by Rey (2014). At the same time, most countries face the equivalent of a 'Greenspan conundrum' as their long term rates are mainly influenced by foreign factors.
How do English-speaking Cancer Patients Conceptualise Personhood?

INTRODUCTION Understanding personhood or "what makes you, you" is pivotal to the provision of person-centred care. Yet the manner that personhood is conceived amongst patients varies significantly. This study aims to investigate conceptions of personhood in a multiracial, multicultural, multireligious setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS A mixed-methods study was conducted at National Cancer Centre Singapore, from January 2013 to April 2013. We used a validated questionnaire where English-speaking oncology patients rated the importance of 26 features of "personhood" on a 10-point Likert scale from 0 to 9, with 9-points being extremely important. This was followed by a semi-structured interview. Analysis of transcripts using the Grounded Theory revealed original data that inspired novel ideas about the nature of personhood, which precipitated a further study in April 2014. RESULTS Our initial study of 100 patients revealed that personhood is conceived in a unique and novel manner. To study this, we interviewed a further 40 patients using a supplemental question to our original questionnaire. Our data affirmed our initial findings and evidenced a change in conceptions of personhood. CONCLUSION Our evidence supports the Ring Theory of Personhood, which suggests that personhood is defined by innate, individual, relational, societal elements. It also evidences that personhood is temporally and contextually sensitive allowing for better appreciation of the evolving goals of care that frequently occur at end-of- life. Most importantly, this study reminds healthcare professionals on the importance of "treating persons" and looking beyond familial interests in maintaining the interests and dignity of the patient.
Informal versus precarious work in Colombia: Concept and operationalization

This article critically analyzes the conceptual and operational relationship between informality and quality of employment in light of the problems of job security in Colombia. It demonstrates that the notion of informality is inadequate to define and inform policy making and addresses the main challenges that workers face in terms of work-related insecurities. As a response, a multidimensional definition and operationalization of precarious work is proposed. The results suggest that precariousness is a central notion to explore objective degrees of the quality of work that cut across formal/informal boundaries.
On the Portability of Computer-Generated Presentations: The Effect of Text-Background Color Combinations on Text Legibility

Objective: The aim of our study was to investigate which text-background (TB) color combinations improve legibility and pleasantness of texts either presented on a computer screen or projected on a wider surface. Background: Our work stems from the observation that multimedia presentations, even those by professionals in visual disciplines, are often spoiled by illegibility, which affects readability and the pleasantness of attending to such presentations. Methods: We investigated this problem through three experiments. Experiment 1 assessed the best TB color combinations in slides presented on a laptop. Experiment 2 verified the correlation between legibility and pleasantness for TB presentations. Experiment 3 investigated the legibility of a slide projected on a wide screen in different room lighting conditions. In all experiments participants expressed a rating score for stimulus legibility or pleasantness. Results: Experiments 1 and 3 showed that it is best to have a dark text on a light background for both displayed and projected texts. Experiment 2 showed that pleasantness is tightly correlated with legibility, though legibility depends on contrast between text and background. Conclusions: Our findings are not in complete agreement with the literature concerning legibility of text displayed on a computer screen, and they are in contrast with the common belief that for projection purposes it is best to have a light text on a dark background. Applications: Some practical rules on combining TB colors are given to enhance the legibility of presentations, especially important for the legibility of projected texts.
Adenovirus transduction to effect CD40 signalling improves the immune stimulatory activity of myeloma cells

Summary. Neoplastic plasma cells from patients with myeloma fail to stimulate an effective anti‐myeloma immune response, which may be in part due to their deficient expression of immune accessory molecules. Attempting to alter this, we infected myeloma cell lines and patient‐derived primary myeloma cells with an adenovirus encoding CD154 (Ad‐CD154). Myeloma cells were made to express the CD154 transgene at multiplicity of infection (MOI) between 10 and 1000. Furthermore, infection of CD40positive myeloma cells with Ad‐CD154, but not an adenovirus encoding an irrelevant transgene, β‐galactosidase (Ad‐LacZ), induced enhanced expression of immune accessory molecules, such as CD54, HLA‐DR and CD70. In addition, Ad‐CD154‐infected myeloma cells could activate bystander CD40positive antigen‐presentingcells to express immune accessory molecules. Consequently, Ad‐CD154 infected myeloma cells stimulated proliferation in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR). Finally, co‐infection of CD40negative myeloma cells with Ad‐CD154 and an adenovirus encoding CD40 (Ad‐CD40) induced expression of immune accessory molecules and enhanced the MLR stimulatory capacity of transduced myeloma cells. Collectively, these results indicate that infection of myeloma cells with Ad‐CD154 or Ad‐CD154/Ad‐CD40 can induce changes in myeloma cells that enhance their ability to induce cellular immune activation. As such, this approach may have potential application for immune therapy of patients with this disease.
Patterns selection for software architecture: an approach based on quality attribute parameters

Applying patterns to architecture allows the reuse of efficient solutions. However, the activity of selecting which pattern is appropriate for each project is not trivial, especially for less experienced developers. The architecture is designed to satisfy, in part, quality attribute requirements. Pattern selection considering quality attributes specified for a project, delivers a very coarse-grained result, including patterns with very different purpose. This paper proposes an approach for selecting patterns, based on Quality Attribute Parameters. A study was conducted to identify parameters which consist of sub-requirements of quality attributes. The parameters are described directly or indirectly among software requirements and can characterize quality attributes. These parameters allow a more detailed description of quality requirements and a more fine-grained pattern selection. Thus, they help developers in the task of selecting patterns for each project more efficiently.