Miracle-dz/UniFAR-FTUs huggingface dataset:
Neural Graphs and Category of Memory States

The brain as an astonishingly remarkable device has been studied from various angles. It is now well known that neurons are the seat of all activities of the brain function. The dynamical properties pertaining to a single neuron and a collection of neurons may be widely different owing to the clustering properties of a group of neurons. As it can be clearly understood theory of complex physical systems has been more and more employed to study the behaviour of neurons and neuronal circuits. We here mainly discuss neural correlates of memory and cognitive functions utilizing graph theory and ideas from geometry. It has been suggested that stochastic processes being at the helm of affairs in the neuronal level there may exist surfaces to some extent like a hologram for the existence of memory functions.It is also instructive to mention that Amari's developments \cite{amari} as regards information geometry has acted as an important inspiration. Unlike some previous analysis categorization of memory from neural perspectives have been reconsidered at the neuronal level. In essence the main point of discussion here has been to give an alternative model of memory where stochastic geometry and algebraic surfaces is an important ingredient.
Life Adjustments of Elderly Hemodialysis Patients for Continuing to Attend Dialysis Facility

This study aimed to elucidate elderly patients’ recognition of and life adjustment to attending dialysis facilities, and then to discuss factors for enabling such patients to continue attending dialysis facilities. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 participants and interview data were analyzed using the modified grounded theory approach. The study was approved by the Ethical Review Board of Niigata University School of Medicine. The interview data yielded 21 concepts, comprising 2 categories and 7 subcategories. Patients who find themselves in a “Difficult Lifestyle” often try to maintain their health and lifestyle by using required support for hemodialysis patients. Factors for continuing to attend dialysis facilities were the ability to cope with the Difficult Lifestyle and to adjust to Hemodialysis as a Life Priority. It is thought that switching from a model of economic security to one of providing living support will be effective for maintaining elderly dialysis patients’ life with only limited expenses. Additionally, it is necessary to consider the utilization of existing services.
Cell detection and tracking in lab-on-a-chip devices by image processing

This paper is devoted to the usage of image processing techniques in lab-on-a-chip devices for a cell detection and tracking. Advantages and disadvantages of image processing in data acquisition from lab-on-a-chip are described. A modified multiparametric object tracking method is presented. The method was tested on the lab-on-a-chip setup with living euglena and has shown plausible results for video with a low frame rate.
Fetal asphyxia induces a preconditioning effect in the cerebral prefrontal cortex

Brain damage by asphyxia is a common neonatal problem and a major cause of death in this age group. You can also generate immediate and long-term multisystem disorders. Its damage is caused by a reduction in uteroplacental circulation and its concomitant nutritional deficit disorder ischemia and in the condition in gas exchange. The known phenomenon of hypoxic-ischemic preconditioning is observed in several systems, which, brief episode of nonlethal ischemia induce protection against a new ischemic event more lethal .
EVDodgeNet: Deep Dynamic Obstacle Dodging with Event Cameras

Dynamic obstacle avoidance on quadrotors requires low latency. A class of sensors that are particularly suitable for such scenarios are event cameras. In this paper, we present a deep learning based solution for dodging multiple dynamic obstacles on a quadrotor with a single event camera and on-board computation. Our approach uses a series of shallow neural networks for estimating both the ego-motion and the motion of independently moving objects. The networks are trained in simulation and directly transfer to the real world without any fine-tuning or retraining. We successfully evaluate and demonstrate the proposed approach in many real-world experiments with obstacles of different shapes and sizes, achieving an overall success rate of 70% including objects of unknown shape and a low light testing scenario. To our knowledge, this is the first deep learning – based solution to the problem of dynamic obstacle avoidance using event cameras on a quadrotor. Finally, we also extend our work to the pursuit task by merely reversing the control policy, proving that our navigation stack can cater to different scenarios.
Methods for extending viewing-angle of holographic image by using digital hologram with high numerical aperture

We investigate the angular field of view (AFOV) of a holographic image reconstructed from the digital Fresnel hologram in holographic display. The theoretical analysis reveals that the AFOV of a holographic image is fundamentally determined by the hologram numerical aperture (HNA) other than a diffraction angle of pixel pitch of a pixelated modulator. This property is proved for various types of the digital holograms by using a numerical simulation and optical experiments. The high-HNA hologram reconstructs the image with a high viewing-angle, although the image contraction is inevitable due to the Nyquist sampling criterion. We propose the method for extending the viewing-angle of a holographic image in the manner of increasing the object size during the high-HNA hologram synthesis and removing the high-order aliasing images.
Mortalidad por Cáncer de Útero en Venezuela

Abstract At present times, cervical cancer is an important problem in women’s health, representing the second cause of death due to malignant neoplasm in female patients. The objective of this descriptive work is to describe mortality due to cervical cancer in 6 states in Venezuela in the period 1995-2010. The selected states were Anzoategui, Aragua, Bolivar, Carabobo, Delta Amacuro and the Capital District. For statistical analysis standardized mortality rate calculations were used; and data were obtained from the Yearbook of Mortality of the Department of the Popular Power for the Health of Venezuela. For the states studied, C53 ranks first with mortality rates at the beginning and end of the period studied always over C54+C55. The total of cervical cancer cases in the states under study during the years 1995-2010 was 8,597. According to linear regression analysis, it was observed that during the period 1995-2010 mortality rates due to cervical cancer remained stable or decreased in the six states studied.
Is There a Generic Midlife Woman? The Health and Symptom Experience of Employed Midlife Women

Most studies of midlife women consist of samples between 40 and 60 years of age and describe their menopausal symptom experience as if it were one homogeneous group across two decades of life. Very little is known about the health and symptom experience of midlife women as They enter midlife or experience menopause. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to describe and contrast selected symptoms, health status, and health care utilization of midlife women by 5-year increments from the age of 40 to 60 years. The subsample of 266 women selected for this paper were participants in a health survey study of 760 employed nurses. Those who were taking hormones, regardless of age, experienced the greatest symptoms. Menstrual cycle irregularity, hot flashes, surgically induced menopause, and use of hormones was prevalent in the 40− to 45-year-old group. Symptoms of fatigue, depression, and sleep disturbance did not differ significantly by age group.
Association of changes in clinical characteristics and management with improvement in survival among patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

CONTEXT The contemporary decline in mortality reported in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has been attributed mainly to improved use of reperfusion therapy. OBJECTIVE To determine potential factors-beyond reperfusion therapy-associated with improved survival in patients with STEMI over a 15-year period. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS Four 1-month French nationwide registries, conducted 5 years apart (between 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010), including a total of 6707 STEMI patients admitted to intensive care or coronary care units. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Changes over time in crude 30-day mortality, and mortality standardized to the 2010 population characteristics. RESULTS Mean (SD) age decreased from 66.2 (14.0) to 63.3 (14.5) years, with a concomitant decline in history of cardiovascular events and comorbidities. The proportion of younger patients increased, particularly in women younger than 60 years (from 11.8% to 25.5%), in whom prevalence of current smoking (37.3% to 73.1%) and obesity (17.6% to 27.1%) increased. Time from symptom onset to hospital admission decreased, with a shorter time from onset to first call, and broader use of mobile intensive care units. Reperfusion therapy increased from 49.4% to 74.7%, driven by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (11.9% to 60.8%). Early use of recommended medications increased, particularly low-molecular-weight heparins and statins. Crude 30-day mortality decreased from 13.7% (95% CI, 12.0-15.4) to 4.4% (95% CI, 3.5-5.4), whereas standardized mortality decreased from 11.3% (95% CI, 9.5-13.2) to 4.4% (95% CI, 3.5-5.4). Multivariable analysis showed a consistent reduction in mortality from 1995 to 2010 after controlling for clinical characteristics in addition to the initial population risk score and use of reperfusion therapy, with odds mortality ratios of 0.39 (95%, 0.29-0.53, P <.001) in 2010 compared with 1995. CONCLUSION In France, the overall rate of cardiovascular mortality among patients with STEMI decreased from 1995 to 2010, accompanied by an increase in the proportion of women younger than 60 years with STEMI, changes in other population characteristics, and greater use of reperfusion therapy and recommended medications.
Packet Loss Concealment Method Based On The Simplified Residual Network

In this paper, an effective packet loss concealment (PLC) method based on the simplified residual network is proposed, which includes two stages, i.e., residual network training (RNT) and PLC. In the RNT stage, input feature of residual network comes from the decoded speech signal of previous N frames, whereas output feature of residual network is the decoded speech signal of current frame. The residual network is used to learn speech waveform in time-domain. In the PLC stage, if there is no packet loss in some frame, the characteristic parameters of this frame are decoded normally and sent to the buffer for standby. If packet loss happened in this frame, the speech signals of previous N frames contained in the buffer and the well-trained residual network are used to predict the lost speech signal of this frame. Experimental results show that the proposed PLC method outperforms the state-of-the-art method.
Analyzing Clinical 12-Lead ECG Images Using Deep Learning Algorithms for Objective Detection of Cardiac Diseases

Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG) is the most common method for the study and detection of cardiovascular diseases. Current clinical ECG devices generate 12-lead ECG traces as images on paper. The majority of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms created for automated cardiac monitoring are based on ECG data, which necessitates brand-new, expensive equipment that the majority of clinics cannot afford. In this paper, we propose a novel method of using deep learning (DL) techniques to analyze clinical 12-lead ECG images for the objective detection of cardiac diseases. A convolutional neural network (CNN) is a DL technique that uses 2D images as input and convolves them with various filters to produce the required outputs. CNNs can be trained with enormous datasets and millions of parameters. This work introduces a high-performance CNN-based method for the objective diagnosis of heart disorders in ECG images. The proposed model automatically learns a suitable feature representation from raw clinical ECG images and thus negates the need for hand-crafted features. The ECG image dataset of 929 distinct patient records, which contains 12 lead ECG information of different cardiac patients from the Mendeley Database, was used to evaluate the classification performance. Before being analyzed by CNN, all clinical ECG waveform images were converted into two formats: colorful and grayscale images. The proposed system achieved a maximum of 97% accuracy and 96% sensitivity for colored images and 98% accuracy and 97% sensitivity for grayscale images. To validate the result, we classified the images by using dense artificial neural networks (dense ANN) and compared the results with our CNN results and CNN significantly improved the accuracy. As this proposed method is highly accurate and does not economically burden clinics, it can potentially be used as a clinical auxiliary diagnostic tool and effectively optimize medical resources.
A 5-8 GHz Wideband and Low Phase Noise Cross-Coupled LC VCO Using 6-bit DCCA in 40nm CMOS Process

This paper presents a broadband and low phase noise LC voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) implemented in SMIC 40nm CMOS process. The VCO uses 6-bit digitally-controlled capacitor array (DCCA), achieving a large tuning range of 47.5% and a maximum tuning sensitivity of only 80MHz/V. Besides, by optimizing the layout of DCCA, it achieves a low phase noise of - 121.7dBc/Hz at 1MHz frequency offset at 8 GHz output frequency at room temperature. The fluctuation value of phase noise is less than 3.5dBc/Hz in the temperature range of -55°C to 125°C. Meanwhile, in order to improve the control voltage variation range, the varactor transistor adopts the one with the withstand voltage value of 2.5 V, and the quiescent current of the circuit is around 11mA at 1.2V, and the layout area is around 0.21×0.35mm2.
Prevention moderates associations between family risks and youth catecholamine levels.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to establish, using a quasi-experimental design, whether 2 family risk factors, parental psychological dysfunction and nonsupportive parenting, during preadolescence could longitudinally predict elevated sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity 9 years later, and to determine whether participation in an efficacious family centered prevention program could moderate these associations if they emerged. METHOD Rural African American preadolescents (N = 476) were assigned randomly to the Strong African American Families (SAAF) program or to a control condition. When youths were 11 years of age (M = 11.2 years), primary caregivers provided data on their own depressive symptoms and self-esteem, and youths provided data on their receipt of nonsupportive parenting. When the youths were 20 years of age, indicators of SNS activity, the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine, were assayed from their overnight urine voids. RESULTS Parental psychological dysfunction and nonsupportive parenting forecast elevated catecholamine levels for youths in the control condition, but not for those in the SAAF condition. CONCLUSIONS The demonstration that a prevention program can induce reduction of catecholamine levels is important from both theoretical and public health perspectives, because it shows that the developmental progression from family risk factors to heightened sympathetic nervous system activity is not immutable.
Fever of Unknown Origin due to Liver Tuberculosis

Infection, especially extra pulmonary tuberculosis, remain the leading cause of fever of unknown origin (FUO). FUO is defined as temperature higher than 38.3 oC with duration of fever of more than 3 weeks. We reported a case of liver tuberculosis, whose had fever more than 38.3 oC in 2 months. A liver biopsy and histology evaluation have performed revealing liver tuberculosis. The patient received oral anti-tuberculosis agents. But after three days of anti-tuberculosis treatment, the patient experience jaundice. The patient was diagnosed as a drug induced hepatitis. After adjusted regimen of oral anti- tuberculosis, the patient’s condition improved. The patient was back home with good conditions. Keywords : fever of unknown origin - liver tuberculosis.
Racial Categorization Predicts Implicit Racial Bias in Preschool Children

This research investigated the relation between racial categorization and implicit racial bias in majority and minority children. Chinese and Indian 3‐ to 7‐year‐olds from Singapore (N = 158) categorized Chinese and Indian faces by race and had their implicit and explicit racial biases measured. Majority Chinese children, but not minority Indian children, showed implicit bias favoring own race. Regardless of ethnicity, children's racial categorization performance correlated positively with implicit racial bias. Also, Chinese children, but not Indian children, displayed explicit bias favoring own race. Furthermore, children's explicit bias was unrelated to racial categorization performance and implicit bias. The findings support a perceptual–social linkage in the emergence of implicit racial bias and have implications for designing programs to promote interracial harmony.
Infants Distinguish Between Two Events Based on Their Relative Likelihood.

Likelihood estimations are crucial for dealing with the uncertainty of life. Here, infants' sensitivity to the difference in likelihood between two events was investigated. Infants aged 6, 12, and 18 months (N = 75) were shown animated movies of a machine simultaneously drawing likely and unlikely samples from a box filled with different colored balls. In different trials, the difference in likelihood between the two samples was manipulated. The infants' looking patterns varied as a function of the magnitude of the difference in likelihood and were modulated by the number of items in the samples. Looking patterns showed qualitative similarities across age groups. This study demonstrates that infants' looking responses are sensitive to the magnitude of the difference in likelihood between two events.
Defective lamellar granule secretion in arthrogryposis, renal dysfunction, and cholestasis syndrome caused by a mutation in VPS33B.

BACKGROUND Arthrogryposis, renal dysfunction, and cholestasis (ARC) syndrome is a rare and usually fatal metabolic autosomal recessive disorder, which has recently been shown to result from mutations in VPS33B located on chromosome 15q26.1. Neurological signs and ichthyosis almost invariably accompany the disease. OBSERVATIONS We assessed a consanguineous family with 2 identical twins affected with ARC syndrome. Complete sequencing of the VPS33B gene revealed a homozygous missense mutation (D234H), which segregated with the disease in the affected family. The mutation causes aberrant splicing, resulting in the skipping of exon 9 or exons 9 and 10. VPS33B encodes a homologue of the class C yeast vacuolar protein-sorting molecule, Vps33, which regulates soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein-mediated vesicle-to-target fusion, necessary for secretion to occur. Lamellar granules, forming a specialized vesicular system in the epidermal upper layers, are usually secreted at the boundary between granular and lower cornified cell layers. However, ultrastructural examination of the skin in ARC syndrome revealed many entombed lamellar granules in the cornified cells. CONCLUSIONS The present observations indicate that VPS33B deficiency results in abnormal secretion of lamellar granules, which underlies ichthyosis in ARC syndrome. These data underscore the importance of SNARE-mediated vesicle fusion during normal epidermal differentiation.
International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) and its International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS) - methods for staging of the caries process and enabling dentists to manage caries.

OBJECTIVES The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) and its associated International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS(™) ), explain the evolution of these systems over the past decade and outline how they are being used for staging of the caries process in order to enable dentists to manage caries appropriately. METHODS the article outlines and references the key steps in development of these systems. RESULTS ICDAS employs an evidence-based and preventively oriented approach, is a detection and assessment system classifying stages of the caries process on the basis of histological extent and activity, is designed for use in the four domains of clinical practice, education, research and public health and provides all stakeholders with a common language for staging caries. Over a decade ICDAS has evolved to comprise a number of approved, compatible 'formats', supports decision making at both individual and public health levels and has generated the ICCMS(™) to enable improved long-term caries outcomes. A range of further developments are in train, to assist with information capture and making clinical systems simpler and more practice friendly. CONCLUSION ICDAS provides flexible and increasingly internationally adopted methods for classifying stages of the caries process and the activity status of lesions which can be incorporated into the ICCMS(™) . The ICCMS(™) provides options to enable dentists to integrate and synthesize tooth and patient information, including caries risk status, in order to plan, manage and review caries in clinical and public health practice.
COPD-Disability-Index (CDI) – ein neues Verfahren zur Erfassung der COPD-bedingten Beeinträchtigung

The aim of the present study was to evaluate a new scale for assessing COPD-related disability. The scale is an adaptation of the pain disability index (PDI), which is a standard instrument in diagnosing disability in chronic pain patients. An 11-point rating scale is used to assess disability in seven different areas of life. The present study comprised a sample of 143 COPD patients (GOLD II-IV) and 105 spouses. A principal axes factor analysis revealed a one-factor solution explaining 63.4 % of the variance. In the present sample, the scale showed good internal consistency (patients' self-report: Cronbach's alpha = 0.92, spouses' report: Cronbach's alpha = 0.91). The scale further demonstrated high correlations with questionnaires assessing related constructs [St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ): Pearson's correlation coefficients r = 0.59 to 0.83, p ≤ 0.01; European Quality of Life Questionnaire (EuroQol): r = − 0.59, p ≤ 0.01] and functional parameters (Shuttle-Walk-Distance: r = − 0.47, p ≤ 0.01; FEV 1 % pred: r = − 0.26, p ≤ 0.01), as well as low correlations with questionnaires assessing distant constructs [social support (F-SozU): r = − 0.09, social strain (F-SozU): r = 0.17, p ≤ 0.05, satisfaction with relationship: r = − 0.10], suggesting good discriminant and convergent validity. The COPD disability index is a short, user-friendly, reliable and valid measure to assess COPD-related disability.
Long-Term Results of Orbital Roof Repair with Titanium Mesh in a Case of Traumatic Intraorbital Encephalocele: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Orbital roof fractures associated with cranial and maxillofacial trauma are rarely encountered. Traumatic intraorbital encephaloceles due to orbital roof fractures developing in the early posttraumatic period are even rarer. A variety of materials, such as alloplastic implants or autogenous materials, have been used for the reconstruction of orbital roof, but data regarding the long-term results of these materials are very limited. We report a case of intraorbital encephalocele developing in the early posttraumatic period (2 days) in a child patient and the long-term results of titanium mesh used for the reconstruction of the orbital roof. The case is presented with a pertinent review of literature.